The financial ratio which divides a company's 'liquid assets' by 'current liabilities' is known by what popular term?

Current Ratio Definition | Investopedia Loading the player... What is the 'Current Ratio' The current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay short-term and long-term obligations. To gauge this ability, the current ratio considers the current total assets of a company (both liquid and illiquid ) relative to that company’s current total liabilities . The formula for calculating a company’s current ratio, then, is: Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities The current ratio is called “current” because, unlike some other liquidity ratios, it incorporates all current assets and liabilities. The current ratio is also known as the working capital ratio. BREAKING DOWN 'Current Ratio' The current ratio is mainly used to give an idea of the company's ability to pay back its liabilities ( debt and accounts payable ) with its assets ( cash , marketable securities , inventory , accounts receivable ). As such, current ratio can be used to take a rough measurement of a company’s financial health . The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations , as it has a larger proportion of asset value relative to the value of its liabilities. A ratio under 1 indicates that a company’s liabilities are greater than its assets and suggests that the company in question would be unable to pay off its obligations if they came due at that point. While a current ratio below 1 shows that the company is not in good financial health, it does not necessarily mean that it will go bankrupt . There are many ways for a company to access financing, and this is particularly so if a company has realistic expectations of future earnings against which it might borrow. For example, if a company has a reasonable amount of short-term debt but is expecting substantial returns from a project or other investment not too long after its debts are due, it will likely be able to stave off its debt. All the same, a current ratio below 1 is usually not a good sign. On the other hand, a high ratio (over 3) does not necessarily indicate that a company is in a state of financial well-being either. Depending on how the company’s assets are allocated , a high current ratio may suggest that that company is not using its current assets efficiently, is not securing financing well or is not managing its working capital well. To better assess whether or not these issues are present, a liquidity ratio more specific than the current ratio is needed. An example: assume that Big-Sale Stores has $2 billion in cash, $1 billion in securities, $4 billion in inventory, $2 billion in accounts receivable and $6 billion in liabilities. To calculate Big-Sale’s current ratio, you would take the sum of its various assets and divide them by its liabilities, for a current ratio of 1.5 (($2B + $1B + $4B + $2B) / $6B = $9B / $6B = 1.5). Big-Sale Stores, then, appears to have healthy financials. The current ratio can give a sense of the efficiency of a company's operating cycle or its ability to turn its product into cash. Companies that have trouble getting paid on their receivables or have long inventory turnover can run into liquidity problems because they are unable to alleviate their obligations.  Limitations of 'Current Ratio' No one ratio is a perfect gauge of a company’s financial health or of whether or not investing in a company is a wise decision. As such, when using them it is important to understand their limitations, and the same holds true for the current ratio. One limitation of using the current ratio emerges when using the ratio to compare different companies with one another. Because business operations can differ substantially between industries, comparing the current ratios of companies in different industries with one another will not necessarily lead to any productive insight. For example, while in one industry it may be common practice to take on a large amount of debt through leverage , another industry may strive to keep debts to a minimum and pay them off as soon as possible. Companies within these two


What three important things should be confirmed and understood before conducting a brainstorming ideas session?

Questions on HRM | Human Resource Management Human Resource Management HR training is an powerful integer in all businesses sector method, nevertheless companies don't decide the impact of hr training programmes more than the staff. HR training is helpful only if it produces desired outcome. When the administration is implementing a hr training programme, there ought to be an model facility on which the assessment strategy may be improved, and classification of strength of hr training and usage activities could be through. Categories Full 100 Marks Project reports & guidance on - =>Marketing 1. What psychological methodology does NLP stand for? Ans- Neuro-Linguistic Programming 2. David McLelland's motivational theory identified three principal motivational needs which he said each of us possesses to varying degrees, and which characterise our motivational behaviour; what are these three motivational needs? Ans- Achievement (n-ach), the need to achieve things; Authority/Power (n-pow), the need to have impact, influence and authority; and Affiliation (n-affil), the need for relationships, interaction and acceptance among other people (or words to similar effect as these definitions) 3. Which organisation produces the UK's ABC1C2 (etc) Social Grade Classifications Statistics? Ans- NRS Ltd (National Readership Survey) 4. What does the selling acronym AIDA stand for? Ans- Attention, Interest, Desire, Action 5. Who developed the 'Equity Theory' of job motivation in the 1960's? Ans- J Stacey Adams 6. What does the financial abbreviation P&L stand for? Ans- Profit and Loss (Profit and Loss Account) 7. Who developed the ten stages of corporate life cycle, starting with Courtship and Infancy and ending in Bureaucracy and Death? Ans- Dr Ichak Adizes 8. The Ansoff matrix correlates what two aspects of business development from the 'new' and 'existing' perspectives? Ans- Products and Markets 9. In selling and communications, what do 'open questions' generally achieve? Ans- Open questions gather information, improve understanding, and build rapport by encouraging the other person to talk and explain things, including how they feel about things. 10. Albert Mehrabian researched and published a now widely referenced set of statistics for the effectiveness of spoken communications; what three types of communication did he identify and what percentages for each did he attach to each type in terms of the percentage of meaning (or understanding) that each communication type conveyed from person to person in his study? Ans- Mehrabian's research stated that: 7% of meaning conveyed is in the words that are spoken; 38% of meaning conveyed is in the way that the words are said (paralinguistic); and 55% of meaning conveyed is in facial expression. 11. In business accounts and financial reporting, expenses which change according to scale of performance or usage or demand are known as what? Ans- Variable Costs 12. What is the name of Ingham and Luft's model and theory which deals with hidden and open areas of knowledge about a person? Ans- The Johari Window 13. The '360 degree' appraisal method collects feedback from whom, about whom? Ans- '360 Degree' feedback appraisal collects the views from people who work with the appraisee, about the appraisee, including subordinates, peers, upline managers; effectively anyone who comes into contact with the appraisee and who is happy to provide constructive feedback about the appraisee's strengths and areas for improvement. 14. What are the four levels of learning evaluation defined in Donald Kirkpatrick's model? Ans- 1. Enjoyment; 2. Transfer of learning; 3. Application of learning; 4. Effect of application (or words to the same effect as these four definitions) 15. What is the correct ascending order of these human needs according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Esteem, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Self-Actualisation, Biological and Physiological? Ans- Biological and Physiological Needs (basic life needs - shelter, food, drink, sleep, etc); Safety Needs (security, protection, law, etc); Belongingness an


With what was the Kyoto Summit concerned?

World Scientists' Call for Action at the Kyoto Climate Summit (1997) | Union of Concerned Scientists Union of Concerned Scientists » Reduce Emissions World Scientists' Call for Action at the Kyoto Climate Summit (1997) In fall 1997, the Union of Concerned Scientists initiated the World Scientists' Call for Action at the Kyoto Climate Summit. This statement urged all government leaders to: act immediately to prevent the potentially devastating consequences of human-induced global warming demonstrate a new commitment to protecting the global environment At the Climate Summit in Kyoto, Japan, held in December 1997, the nations of the world decided to strengthen the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change by agreeing to effective controls on human practices affecting climate. In advance of the Summit, the Union of Concerned Scientists circulated the Call for Action for endorsement to leading scientists from around the world, including all scientists who had been awarded the Nobel Prize and National Academy-level scientists on all continents. More than 1,500 scientists signed the Call for Action. Their signatures demonstrate that the world's senior scientific community believes that global warming is a serious threat, and that steps to address it must include complying with commitments made in the Kyoto Protocol. This strong climate-change treaty represents a landmark precedent for tackling other grave environmental problems, many of which have worsened in recent years. Total number of signatories as of October 14, 1997: 1,586 Countries represented: 63 Nobel laureates: 110, including 104 of the 178 living Nobel Prize winners in the sciences US National Medal of Science winners: 60 Call for Action Five years ago, in the World Scientists' Warning to Humanity, 1600 of the world's senior scientists sounded an unprecedented warning: Human activities inflict harsh and often irreversible damage on the environment and on critical resources. If not checked, many of our current practices put at serious risk the future that we wish for human society and the plant and animal kingdoms. Addressed to political, industrial, religious, and scientific leaders, the Warning demonstrated that the scientific community had reached a consensus that grave threats imperil the future of humanity and the global environment. However, over four years have passed, and progress has been woefully inadequate. Some of the most serious problems have worsened. Invaluable time has been squandered because so few leaders have risen to the challenge. The December 1997 Climate Summit in Kyoto, Japan, presents a unique opportunity. The world's political leaders can demonstrate a new commitment to the protection of the environment. The goal is to strengthen the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change by agreeing to effective controls on human practices affecting climate. This they can and must do, primarily by augmenting the Convention's voluntary measures with legally binding commitments to reduce industrial nations' emissions of heat-trapping gases significantly below 1990 levels in accordance with a near-term timetable. Over time, developing nations must also be engaged in limiting their emissions. Developed and developing nations must cooperate to mitigate climatic disruption. The biosphere is a seamless web. Completion of an effective treaty at Kyoto would address one of the most serious threats to the planet and to future generations. It would set a landmark precedent for addressing other grave environmental threats, many linked to climate change. It would demonstrate that the world's leaders have now recognized, in deeds and words, their responsibility for stewardship of the earth. The stark facts carry a clear signal: There is only one responsible choice -- to act now. We, the signers of this declaration, urge all government leaders to demonstrate a new commitment to protecting the global environment for future generations. The important first step is to join in completing a strong and meaningful Climate Treaty at Kyoto. We encourage scientists and citi


What is the '1st Law of Cybernetics' (aka the 'Law of Requisite Variety')? - Bayt.com Specialties What is the '1st Law of Cybernetics' (aka the 'Law of Requisite Variety')? Answer added by: Vinod Jetley Assistant General Manager 1 year ago the1st law of cybernetics "The unit within the system with the most behavioural responses available to it controls the system." This is also known as 'the law of requisite variety', which is central to the concepts of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP). Cybernetics is also very relevant to Nudge theory - a powerful change-management methodology which emerged in the2000s.   Not the answer you are looking for? Browse other questions in Business Development or ask your own question Register to Answer this Question Log in if you're already a Bayt.com member. More Questions Like This What is the most attractive aspect in a sales career? Top Answer: a) is a correct answer, c) if person is talented and skilled in salesd) certainly gives much variety and challenges.   Change in career and opportunity to move out of this Sales Path, yes to sales manager, but then C) is restricted. ERP & IT Software, operation general manager . 05-February-2015 Related Questions Posted by: Thurayya Al Qasim 30-November-2016 Thanks for sharing your expertise! Can you also help answer any of these questions? Get +10 points added to your Specialty Rank every time your answer is voted up. Learn more See more About Bayt.com Bayt.com is the leading job site in the Gulf and Middle East, connecting job seekers with employers looking to hire. Every day, thousands of new job vacancies are listed on the award-winning platform from the region's top employers. Company


Whose experiential learning theory comprises the learning styles named?

Kolb's Learning Styles and Experiential Learning Cycle | Simply Psychology Kolb - Learning Styles by Saul McLeod published 2010, updated 2013 David Kolb published his learning styles model in 1984 from which he developed his learning style inventory. Kolb's experiential learning theory works on two levels: a four stage cycle of learning and four separate learning styles.  Much of Kolb’s theory is concerned with the learner’s internal cognitive processes. Kolb states that learning involves the acquisition of abstract concepts that can be applied flexibly in a range of situations.  In Kolb’s theory, the impetus for the development of new concepts is provided by new experiences. “Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience” (Kolb, 1984, p. 38). The Experiential Learning Cycle Kolb's experiential learning style theory is typically represented by a four stage learning cycle in which the learner 'touches all the bases': 1. Concrete Experience - (a new experience of situation is encountered, or a reinterpretation of existing experience). 2. Reflective Observation (of the new experience. Of particular importance are any inconsistencies between experience and understanding). 3. Abstract Conceptualization (Reflection gives rise to a new idea, or a modification of an existing abstract concept). 4. Active Experimentation (the learner applies them to the world around them to see what results). Effective learning is seen when a person progresses through a cycle of four stages: of (1) having a concrete experience followed by (2) observation of and reflection on that experience which leads to (3) the formation of abstract concepts (analysis) and generalizations (conclusions) which are then (4) used to test hypothesis in future situations, resulting in new experiences. Kolb (1974) views learning as an integrated process with each stage being mutually supportive of and feeding into the next. It is possible to enter the cycle at any stage and follow it through its logical sequence. However, effective learning only occurs when a learner is able to execute all four stages of the model. Therefore, no one stage of the cycle is an effective as a learning procedure on its own. Learning Styles Kolb's learning theory (1974) sets out four distinct learning styles, which are based on a four-stage learning cycle (see above). Kolb explains that different people naturally prefer a certain single different learning style. Various factors influence a person's preferred style.  For example, social environment, educational experiences, or the basic cognitive structure of the individual. Whatever influences the choice of style, the learning style preference itself is actually the product of two pairs of variables, or two separate 'choices' that we make, which Kolb presented as lines of axis, each with 'conflicting' modes at either end: A typical presentation of Kolb's two continuums is that the east-west axis is called the Processing Continuum (how we approach a task), and the north-south axis is called the Perception Continuum (our emotional response, or how we think or feel about it). Kolb believed that we cannot perform both variables on a single axis at the same time (e.g. think and feel). Our learning style is a product of these two choice decisions. It's often easier to see the construction of Kolb's learning styles in terms of a two-by-two matrix. Each learning style represents a combination of two preferred styles. The diagram also highlights Kolb's terminology for the four learning styles; diverging, assimilating, and converging, accommodating:   Assimilating (AC/RO) Learning Styles Descriptions Knowing a person's (and your own) learning style enables learning to be orientated according to the preferred method. That said, everyone responds to and needs the stimulus of all types of learning styles to one extent or another - it's a matter of using emphasis that fits best with the given situation and a person's learning style preferences. Here are brief descriptions of the four Kolb learning styles: Di


Daniel Goleman was responsible for popularising and defining what management and behavioural concept in his eponymously titled (ie., the title is also the subject) 1995 book?

Daniel Goleman was responsible for popularising and defining what management and behavioural concept in his eponymously titled? - Bayt.com Specialties Daniel Goleman was responsible for popularising and defining what management and behavioural concept in his eponymously titled? (ie., the title is also the subject)1995 book? Answer added by: VENKITARAMAN KRISHNA MOORTHY VRINDAVAN Project Execution Manager & Accounts Manager 1 year ago -Emotional intelligence------------------answered by the experts, I have no difference of opinion. Answer added by: Ibrahim Hussein Mayaleh Sales & Business Consultant and Trainer 1 year ago I believe it is Emotional Intelligence Not the answer you are looking for? Browse other questions in Human Resources or ask your own question Register to Answer this Question Log in if you're already a Bayt.com member. More Questions Like This How do you manage recruitment process when your company hire for others ? Top Answer: Thanks If you mean recruitment function so it will be as following : After receiving CV's , i will determine the shortlisted candidates along the job requirements. Make an appointment for each shortlisted candidate for a limited period let say during two or three days based on number of candidates and Department's manager free time. Inform candidates by phone or e-mail for their interview appointment and related manager as well . Welcome candidates and attend the interview. Ask candidate related questions. Send an e-mail , or call an accepted one.  What is the role of the project manager? Top Answer: Role of the project manager The project manager is the individual responsible for delivering the project. The individual leads and manages the project team, with authority and responsibility from the project board, to run the project on a day-to-day basis. In the NI public sector, PRojects IN Controlled Environments2 (PRINCE2(external link opens in a new window / tab)) is the standard project management method and is applicable to all project types. As well as the formal responsibilities set out in methods such as PRINCE2, the project manager has an important role in interfacing between the project and the business area. This is important for communicating and encouraging the need for transformation and change within the business area in tandem with the delivery of new capabilities from the project. The readiness of the business to exploit the new capability is crucial to success. Without this state of readiness in the business, there are likely to be disruptions and delays in the plan for benefits realisation. Specific responsibilities of the project manager The project manager, operating within agreed reporting structures, is responsible for: designing and applying appropriate project management standards for incorporation in the NI Gateway Review Process managing the production of the required deliverables planning and monitoring the project adopting any delegation and use of project assurance roles within agreed reporting structures preparing and maintaining project, stage and exception plans as required managing project risks, including the development of contingency plans liaison with programme management (if the project is part of a programme) and related projects to ensure that work is neither overlooked nor duplicated monitoring overall progress and use of resources, initiating corrective action where necessary applying change control and configuration management processes reporting through agreed lines on project progress through highlight reports and end-stage assessments liaison with appointed project assurance representatives to assure the overall direction and integrity of the project maintaining an awareness of potential interdependencies with other projects and their impact adopting and applying appropriate technical and quality strategies and standards identifying and obtaining support and advice required for the management, planning and control of the project managing project administration conducting a project evaluation review to assess how well the project was


What is the management technique that is commonly and informally abbreviated to MBWA?

What is the management technique that is commonly informally abbreviated to MBWA? - Bayt.com Specialties What is the management technique that is commonly informally abbreviated to MBWA?     2 Answers Answer added by: Emad Mohammed said abdalla ERP & IT Software, operation general manager . 1 year ago the management technique that is commonly informally abbreviated to MBWA Management By Walking About (or Wandering Around) - the term is generally attributed to Tom Peters (In Search Of Excellence,1982) although it was probably part of a new management ideology first pioneered by a few bright American companies as far back as the1940's


Large size hand-writing generally indicates what characteristics in the personality of the writer?


Since October 2004, UK employers must follow a minimum process of three-stages for handling disputes with employees, including disciplinary and grievance matters; what are the basic minimum three stages required?


Douglas McGregor defined two main styles of management; what did he call them and how are each of the two styles typified?

My MBA My MBA Thursday, 28 October 2010 What is SENSEX? The SENSEX, short form of the BSE-Sensitive Index, is a "Market Capitalization-Weighted" index of 30 stocks representing a sample of large, well-established and financially sound companies. It is the oldest index in India and has acquired a unique place in the collective consciousness of investors. The index is widely used to measure the performance of the Indian stock markets. SENSEX is considered to be the pulse of the Indian stock markets as it represents the underlying universe of listed stocks at The Stock Exchange, Mumbai. Further, as the oldest index of the Indian Stock market, it provides time series data over a fairly long period of time (since 1978-79). What are the objectives of SENSEX? The SENSEX is the benchmark index of the Indian Capital Markets with wide acceptance among individual investors, institutional investors, foreign investors and fund managers. The objectives of the index are: To measure market movements Given its long history and its wide acceptance, no other index matches the SENSEX in reflecting market movements and sentiments. SENSEX is widely used to describe the mood in the Indian Stock markets. Benchmark for funds performance The inclusion of blue chip companies and the wide and balanced industry representation in the SENSEX makes it the ideal benchmark for fund managers to compare the performance of their funds. For index based derivative products Institutional investors, money managers and small investors all refer to the SENSEX for their specific purposes The SENSEX is in effect the proxy for the Indian stock markets. The country's first derivative product i.e. Index-Futures was launched on SENSEX. What are the criteria for selection and review of scrips for the SENSEX? A. Quantitative Criteria: 1. Market Capitalization: The scrip should figure in the top 100 companies listed by market capitalization. Also market capitalization of each scrip should be more than 0.5 % of the total market capitalization of the Index i.e. the minimum weight should be 0.5 %. Since the SENSEX is a market capitalization weighted index, this is one of the primary criteria for scrip selection. (Market Capitalization would be averaged for last six months) 2. Liquidity: (i) Trading Frequency: The scrip should have been traded on each and every trading day for the last one year. Exceptions can be made for extreme reasons like scrip suspension etc. (ii) Number of Trades: Number of Trades: The scrip should be among the top 150 companies listed by average number of trades per day for the last one year. (iii) Value of Shares Traded: Value of Shares Traded: The scrip should be among the top 150 companies listed by average value of shares traded per day for the last one year. 3. Continuity: Whenever the composition of the index is changed, the continuity of historical series of index values is re-established by correlating the value of the revised index to the old index (index before revision). The back calculation over the last one-year period is carried out and correlation of the revised index to the old index should not be less than 0.98. This ensures that the historical continuity of the index is maintained. 4. Industry Representation: Scrip selection would take into account a balanced representation of the listed companies in the universe of BSE. The index companies should be leaders in their industry group. 5. Listed History: The scrip should have a listing history of at least one year on BSE. B. Qualitative Criteria: In the opinion of the Index Committee, the company should have an acceptable track record. What is the beta of SENSEX scrips? Beta measures the sensitivity of a scrip movement relative to movement in the benchmark index i.e. SENSEX. A Beta of one means that for every change of 1% in index, the scrip moves by 1%. Statistically Beta is defined as: Covariance (SENSEX, Stock )/ Variance(SENSEX) Note: Covariance and variance are calculated from the Daily Returns data of the SENSEX and SENSEX scrips. How is SENSEX calculated? SENSEX is calculated usin


Bruce Tuckman's theory about team development uses what four sequential rhyming words to describe the four stages of a group's progression? Sign up View the step-by-step solution to: Bruce Tuckman's theory about team development uses what four sequential rhyming words to describe the four stages of a group's progression? This question was answered on May 20, 2016. View the Answer Bruce Tuckman's theory about team development uses what four                sequential rhyming words to describe the four stages of a group's progression? gkellym                                                   posted a question · May 20, 2016 at 11:04am Top Answer Jamaicanwriter answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 11:04am Other Answers {[ getNetScore(29634238) ]} Brightermuo answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 11:07am Dr Bruce Tuckman published his Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing model in 1965. Later on he added a fifth stage of... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29634375) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions 2 Management experts found online! Average reply time is                       less than an hour Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. 890,990,898 Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! 890,990,898 Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!


What visionary management thinker wrote The Age Of Unreason and The Empty Raincoat? View the step-by-step solution to: What visionary management thinker wrote The Age Of Unreason and The Empty Raincoat? This question was answered on May 20, 2016. View the Answer What visionary management thinker wrote The Age Of Unreason and                The Empty Raincoat? andtjames                                                   posted a question · May 20, 2016 at 10:43am Top Answer Jamaicanwriter answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 10:43am Other Answers jeffgitau29 answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 10:46am Charles Handy, född 1932, är en irländsk organisationsteoretiker. Han är... View the full answer 1 comment Charles Handy Author Charles Handy is an Irish author/philosopher specialising in organisational behaviour and management. Among the ideas he has advanced are the "portfolio worker" and the "Shamrock Organization". Wikipedia Born: 1932, Clane, Republic of Ireland Education: University of Oxford, Oriel College, Oxford similawongaro May 20, 2016 at 10:52am {[ getNetScore(29634002) ]} similawongaro answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 10:50am The Empty Raincoat: Making Sense of the Future was written by Charles... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29634048) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions This is the comments my instructor wrote: Thank you for your draft plan. Would you put in specific targets and time-frames in your Business Objectives (achieve Recently Asked Questions 3 Management experts found online! Average reply time is                       7 mins Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. - Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! - Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!


A lot of the traditional 20th century sales theory and training was influenced by the 1937 book 'How to Win Friends and Influence People'; who wrote it?

Home - Classic Business Books - UF Business Library at University of Florida Call Number: HD31 .S55 1997 (Library West) ISBN: 0684835827.4theditionSimonandSchuster, 368p.$20.00 Publication Date: 1997 In this fourth edition of his ground-breaking work, Herbert A. Simon applies his pioneering theory of human choice and administrative decision-making to concrete organizational problems. To commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the book's original publication, Professor Simon enhances his timeless observations on the human decision-making process with commentaries examining new facets of organizational behavior. Investigating the impact of changing social values and modem technology on the operation of organizations, the new ideas featured in this revised edition update a book that has become a worldwide classic. Named by Public Administration Review as "Book of the Half Century," Administrative Behavior is considered one of the most influential books on social science thinking, and was referred to by the Nobel Committee as "epoch-making." Written for managers and other professionals who wish to understand the decision-making processes at the heart of organization and management, it is also essential reading for students in business and management, economics, sociology, psychology computer science, government, and law. ISBN: 0618094679(electronic book). Houghton Mifflin, 40th Anniversary Edition. $15.00, 276 p. Publication Date: 1998 'A compelling challenge to conventional thought' - "New York Times". In this newly updated edition of his classic text on the "economics of abundance", Galbraith lays bare the hazards of individual and social complacency about economic inequality. It is as relevant now, with the ever-widening gap between rich and poor, as when it was first published 40 years ago. Galbraith challenges why we worship work and productivity when so many of the goods we produce are superfluous, and why we grudge spending on public works while ignoring extravagance in the private sector. "The Affluent Society" exemplifies Galbraith's wit, clarity and eloquence of prose. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm by by Richard Michael Cyert and James G. March Call Number: HD30.23 .C9 1992 (Library West) ISBN: 0631174516.6thedition,BlackwellBusiness, 252p.$82.95 Publication Date: 1992 Behavioral Theory of the Firm has become a classic work in organizational theory, and is one of the most significant contributions to improving the theory of the firm. This second edition includes new material which puts the original text in a contemporary context.The authors:* Use experiments and empirical observations to build a model of decision making which can be compared with reality.* Reject the structure of the firm as represented by classical economic theory, instead focus on the discretion of management.* Offer a new way of viewing the effects of the organization, communications and individuals on the firm's activity.For students and specialists the second edition of this pathbreaking book offers the original theory, a new summary of the most important work that has taken place since the book was originally published, and an approach which not only advances the theory of the firm but provides a rigorous model for all research in the social services.It is the most important and provocative view yet advanced for seeing inside the firm to understand it as an organization and an economic entity. Call Number: HG172.G68 A3 1996 (Library West) ISBN: 0070242690.McGrawHill, 351p.$100.00 Publication Date: 1996 When Benjamin Graham died in 1976 at age 82, he had achieved legendary status on Wall Street. He had laid the foundation of modern security analysis, inspiring legions of disciples and personally mentoring such up-and-comers as Warren Buffett (who went to work for Graham in 1954). Graham was widely regarded as brilliant, successful, and ethical, a rare trinity of attributes in the rough-and-tumble world of investing. In his later years, Graham wrote a memoir that looked back on the early, seminal decades of his colorful life. Twenty years


Which past leader of Russia died in April 2007?

Boris Yeltsin, Russia’s First Post-Soviet Leader, Is Dead - The New York Times The New York Times Europe |Boris Yeltsin, Russia’s First Post-Soviet Leader, Is Dead Search Continue reading the main story Boris N. Yeltsin, the burly provincial politician who became the first freely elected leader of Russia and a towering figure of his time when he presided over the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the demise of the Communist Party, has died at the age of 76, the Russian government said today. A Kremlin spokesman confirmed Mr. Yeltsin’s death but gave no details about the circumstances or cause. The Interfax news agency quoted an unidentified medical source as saying the former president had died of heart failure. In office less than nine years and plagued by severe health problems, Mr. Yeltsin added a final chapter to his historical record when, in a stunning coup at the close of the 20th century, he announced his resignation, and became the first Russian leader to relinquish power on his own in accordance with constitutional processes. He then turned over the reins of office to his handpicked successor, Vladimir V. Putin. Mr. Yeltsin left a giant, if flawed, legacy. He started to establish a democratic state and then pulled back, lurching from one prime minister to another in an effort to control the levers of power. But where his predecessor, Mikhail S. Gorbachev sought to perpetuate the Communist Party even as he tried to reform the Soviet Union, Mr. Yeltsin helped break the party and the state’s hold over the Russian people. Continue reading the main story Although his commitment to reform wavered, he eliminated government censorship of the press, tolerated public criticism, and steered Russia toward a free-market economy. Not least, Mr. Yeltsin was instrumental in dismembering the Soviet Union and allowing its former republics to make their way as independent states. Advertisement Continue reading the main story The rapid privatization of Russian industry led to a form of buccaneer capitalism, and a new class of oligarchs usurped political power as they plundered the country’s resources. But Mr. Yeltsin’s actions assured that there would be no turning back to the centralized Soviet command economy that had strangled growth and reduced a country populated by talented and cultured people and rich in natural resources to a beggar among nations. His leadership was erratic and often crude, and the democrat often ruled in the manner of a czar. He showed no reluctance to use the power of the presidency to face down his opponents, as he did in a showdown in 1993 when he ordered tanks to fire on the parliament, dominated by openly seditious Communists, and in 1994 when he embarked upon a harsh military operation to subdue the breakaway republic of Chechnya. That costly and ruinous war almost became his undoing, and it flared ferociously back to life in 1999, continuing to rage long after his resignation. The Yeltsin era effectively began in August, 1991, when Mr. Yeltsin clambered atop a tank to rally Muscovites to put down a right-wing coup against Mr. Gorbachev, a heroic moment etched in the minds of the Russian people and television viewers all over the world. It ended with his electrifying resignation speech on New Years Eve, 1999. Those were Mr. Yeltsin’s finest hours, in an era marked by extraordinary political change, as well as painful economic dislocation for many of his countrymen and stupendous wealth for a privileged few. Expressing condolences today to Mr. Yeltsin’s family, Mr. Gorbachev described him as a man “on whose shoulders rest major events for the good of the country, and serious mistakes,” and said he suffered “a tragic fate.” President Bush said today that he and his wife were “deeply saddened” by Mr. Yeltsin’s death, calling him “an historic figure who served his country during a time of momentous change” who “helped lay the foundations of freedom in Russia.” “I appreciate the efforts that President Yeltsin made to build a strong relationship between Russia and the United States,” Mr. Bush said.


Which 2007 convicted celebrity drunkard is nicknamed Lilo?

Entertainment Celebrity DUI Spotlight on Hollywood By: Chris Kramer Entertainment Celebrity DUI Spotlight Movie and television stars do not always limit their entertainment to the big and small screens. Big-time entertainers captivate and create intrigue with their luxurious lifestyles, bad boy/girl images and frequent brush-ins with the law, especially when that trouble involves DUI. This point has been most recently apparent in the endless media attention being spent on Lindsey Lohan, Nicole Richie and Paris Hilton, all of whom have been nabbed or punished for DUI in 2007. While these bad girls may get all of the publicity, the Entertainment Celebrity DUI Spotlight is here to stroke the egos of those entertainers whom may not feel that they are getting enough attention for their DUI arrests. And if you're a big fan of sports , politics , music and the miscellaneous, you'll love our respective Celebrity DUI Spotlight sections on these areas of interest. Entertainment Celebrity DUI Spotlight Updated October 30, 2007 Actor Sean Kanan Pleads Not Guilty to DUI Former soap star Sean Kanan has pleaded not guilty to two misdemeanor DUI charges after an August arrest in Los Angeles County, California. Kanan was convicted of DUI in 1998 and could face jail time if convicted of the August charges. Tracy Morgan Violates Probation; Falls Off Wagon While in court for a DUI progress report, comedian and star of sitcom 30 Rock said he had violated court orders by drinking in early August, according to the Los Angeles City Attorney's office. Morgan has been wearing an alcohol monitoring ankle bracelet and will need to wear it for another 80 days now. If he violates court orders again, he may end up in the Los Angeles County Jail. Disney Voiceover Artist of "Kim Possible" Series Arrested for DUI Kirsten Storms, the voice of Bonnie Rockwaller on the children's animated television series "Kim Possible," has been arrested for DUI. Storms is also a soap opera actress who has appeared on television soaps General Hospital and Days of Our Lives. According to police reports, Storms was stopped by California Highway Police after she threw a lit cigarette out of her vehicle. Police reportedly noted the smell of alcohol and issued roadside sobriety tests to Storms. Storms was jailed and released after she posted $5,000 bond. No charges have been filed, and blood alcohol results have not been released. Lane Garrison Back in Prison After Psych Evaluation The Associated Press has reported that actor Lane Garrison is back in a Los Angeles jail awaiting sentencing for DUI vehicular manslaughter. The former "Prison Break" actor, 27, pleaded guilty in May to DUI manslaughter charges after he drove his car into a tree and killed a Beverly Hills teenager last December. Beverly Hills Superior Court Judge Elden Fox ordered a 90-day psychological evaluation of Garrison before he will sentence the actor on October 31st. Garrison could face more than six years in prison. Garrison's attorney, Los Angeles legal legend Harland Braun, has reportedly said Garrison intends to take "full responsibility" for the teen's death. Actor Sean Kanan Nabbed for DUI E! News has reported that former General Hospital star Sean Kanan was charged with a misdemeanor DUI after an August arrest in Los Angeles County revealed that the actor had a blood alcohol content of .08 or higher. Kanan was released on $30,000 bail. If convicted, he could face jail time. California DUI law requires that drivers who have more than one DUI conviction within a ten year period face mandatory time in jail. Kanan was convicted of DUI in 1998. More Lohan Family Drama You may have heard of this family before - the Lohan clan is back in the news this week. Dina Lohan had the restraining order lifted so that Michael Lohan could visit their daughter, Lindsay Lohan, in rehab this week. Reportedly Lindsay asked her mom to have the restraining order against her dad lifted. Mama Dina reportedly made some snarky remark about Lindsay needing closure from all the abuse that the family allegedly suffered, and stated


What month in 2007 was the smoking ban in England introduced?

Smoking ban Smoking ban Smoking ban What is the smoking ban? In 2006, parliament voted to ban smoking in all workplaces, on public and work transport, in pubs, clubs, membership clubs, cafes, restaurants and shopping centres in England and Wales. The smoking ban came into force in Scotland on March 26th 2006. In Wales, it was enforced from April 2nd. In Northern Ireland, the ban came into effect on April 30th. England followed suit on July 1st 2007, with the entire UK now officially smoke-free in public places. Background Although smoking is known to cause lung cancer, the effect of passive smoking has proved harder to quantify. A 2002 report by the International Agency for Research on Cancer suggested that regular exposure to passive smoke increases the risk of lung cancer by 20 to 30 per cent. According to the British Medical Association, it increases the risk of heart disease by between 25 and 35 per cent and doubles the risk of a stroke. The majority of workplaces, shops, public transport and other public environments had banned or at least restricted smoking as a matter of policy by the mid 1990s, but it remained legal to smoke in most licensed premises. However, in the years leading up to the ban, there was an increase in support for more restrictions on smoking in public places. Although this partly reflected the decline in the numbers of smokers, it also reflected the greater assertiveness of non-smokers, many of whom were less prepared to tolerate smoking. In November 2004, the government published the white paper on public health, detailing its intention to introduce a partial ban, which would make it illegal to smoke in enclosed public spaces in England and Wales. However, an exception would be made for licensed premises such as bars, private clubs and pubs where no food was served. There would be a complete ban on smoking in the bar area of licensed premises, to protect staff. Legislation to this effect was introduced in October 2005, as part of the health improvement and protection bill. The ban was intended to come into force in 2007. By this point, the Scottish Executive had already voted to introduce a complete ban on smoking in enclosed public spaces in Scotland, which came into force in 2006. In 2003, New York City had also banned smoking in all public bars and restaurants, with only a few exceptions. Many towns and cities in California have also done this, and a few also banned smoking on their beaches and in public parks. In March 2004, Ireland became the first European country to institute an outright ban on smoking in the workplace. Many advocates of a ban in England and Wales favoured this wording, because it emphasised the need to protect those who do not have a choice over their exposure to second-hand smoke, namely those working in smoky environments such as pubs and bars. Italy and Norway then followed suit, introducing a total ban on smoking in bars and restaurants. Controversies Mainstream debate in the UK has yet to call for an outdoor ban on smoking, but calls for smoking bans in indoor public places increased to such a point that the government's plans for a partial ban on smoking were broadly welcomed in 2005. However, many campaigners argued that the proposals did not go far enough, saying they would still leave workers in private members' clubs and pubs not serving food at risk from the dangers of second-hand smoke. They also argued it would cause confusion, while the British Beer & Pub Association argued pubs would feel under pressure to take food off of their menus, turning them into 'drinking dens', in order to avoid the commercial damage that might be done by a ban. These arguments were boosted in the lead up to the introduction of the health improvement and protection bill by an apparent split in the cabinet about how far the smoking ban should go. Health secretary Patricia Hewitt was apparently in favour of switching to a total ban on smoking in public places, but was forced to back down by opposition from her ministerial colleagues. In the meantime, more and more companies and ev


Who was the heroic baggage handler at the attempted Glasgow airport car-bombing?

Heroic baggage handler wins Brown's praise - Telegraph Heroic baggage handler wins Brown's praise John Smeaton wins praise at the Labour Conference  By Duncan Hooper 3:07PM BST 24 Sep 2007 Gordon Brown's first party conference speech as leader quickly prompted a standing ovation - for John Smeaton, the baggage handler who tackled a terrorist bomber. The Prime Minister singled out Mr Smeaton, who was seated in the conference hall, as he praised Britain's reaction to the terror threat. Mr Brown recounted the day when bombers attempted to strike at London. Related Articles Windswept Sarah avoids the perils of Pauline 24 Sep 2007 Six key areas of election battlefield 24 Sep 2007 "They were put there to bring terror and death to men and women who would do nothing wrong but be out with their friends, walk on our streets and visit our capital," he said. "But from the bomb disposal experts who courageously risked their lives, to the Londoners who defiantly went on with their lives, that day the world witnessed the resolve and strength of the British people," he added. Mr Smeaton heroically intervened to aid the police when terrorists attempted to blow up a Jeep at Glasgow Airport. The baggage handler's actions won him instant acclaim that was bolstered by his no nonsense explanation of his thoughts at the time: "What's the score? I've got to get this sorted. You're nae hitting the Polis mate, there's nae chance."


Who suggested that Gordon Brown had transformed from Stalin to Mr Bean?

Gordon Brown - Stalin to Bean - YouTube Gordon Brown - Stalin to Bean Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 28, 2007 Vince Cable said in Prime Ministers questions: "This House has noted the Prime Minister's remarkable transformation from Stalin to Mr Bean in the past few weeks." Category


In Chinese astrology, 2007 was the year of the what animal?

2007 Chinese Horoscope, 2007 Chinese Astrology and Red Pig Chinese New Year February  10,2013 2007 Year of Pig begins on 2/4/2007 - Chinese New Year Day is on 2/18/2007 Year 2007 is a Chinese Red Fire Pig Year. Why did the Chinese name  the year 2007 as the Red Pig Year? Chinese calendar used the Stem-Branch system to count the days, months and years. There are 10 Stems and 12 Branches in  this system. Stems are named by the Yin-Yang and Five Elements (Metal, Water, Wood, Fire and Earth). The Stem sequence order is Yang Wood, Yin Wood, Yang Fire, Yin Fire, Yang Earth, Yin Earth, Yang Metal, Yin Metal, Yang Water and Yin Water. Branches use the animal names. The Branch sequence order is Rat, Cow, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Chicken, Dog and Pig. Stem and Branch are used together to form a cycle of 60 counting systems which begin with Wooden Rat and end with Water Pig. You can see the entire sequence from the Chinese New Year's page . From 1924 to 1983 is a complete cycle. Year 2007 is Female Fire Pig ,   the 24th of the Stem-Branch in the system. Because Fire is equivalent to the color Red in the Five-Element system , Year 2007 is also called the Red Pig year. Pig is a Lucky and Mild-tempered Animal President Ronald Reagan was born in year of Pig. He was very happy to know that Pig is a very lucky animal in the Chinese horoscope. The Chinese see that pigs eat food all the time, enjoy sleeping all day long and worry about nothing during their entire lives. Therefore, pig is a lucky animal. According to Chinese Five Element astrology. the animal sign Pig contains Water and Wood. Pig doesn't fight with Metal, because Metal, Water and Wood have a Circulating Relationship . Pig doesn't fight with Fire, because Water, Wood and Fire together have a  Circulating Relationship as well. But the Water element will fight with the Earth element. Earth animals are Cow, Dragon, Sheep and Dog. Cow contains Earth, Metal and Water. Cow and Pig don't fight directly, because Earth, Metal, Water and Wood are in a circulating sequence. We can find the similar circulating relationships between other Earth animals with the Pig, so it doesn't have a face-to-face conflict with the other animals. Snake and Pig have a Fighting Relationship . But Snake contains Fire, Earth and Metal. If we put Snake and Pig together, we can still find Water, Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal in a circulating sequence. This means that the fighting relationship between Snake and Pig is not that serious. The conclusion is that most of people born in year of Pig don't have any unyielding argument with other people. Since Pig-type people have more peaceful lifestyle than others, they are therefore luckier. Red Pig and Lucky Element The past three years, Monkey 2004 , Chicken 2005 and Dog 2006 are Metal cycles. Year of Red Pig 2007 is the beginning year of the Water cycle. Therefore the coming three years are favorable to people whose lucky element is Water. Basically, Pig contains Water and Wood. Red is related Fire. In short, people will have better luck in 2007, if their Lucky Element is Water, Wood or Fire. Chinese New Year The Chinese New Year day is on February 18th, 2007. This day is a new moon day, it is the first day of the first Chinese lunar month in the Chinese Lunar Calendar system. The exact new moon time is at 00:14 on 18-Feb-07 in China time zone. If we apply Chinese lunar calendar system on the USA time zones, we find something interesting here. In the US Pacific Standard Time (PST), the new moon time is at 08:14 of 2-17-07. In the US Eastern Standard Time (EST), the new moon time is at 11:14 of 2-17-07. Therefore, the Chinese New Year day for USA time zones is on February 17th, 2007. The new moon time is at 16:14 on 2-17-07 of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and at 17:14 on 2-17-07 of Time Zone GMT+1. That means Chinese New Year day is on February 17th, 2007 for European countries. For Asian countries, such as Vietnam and Thailand using GMT+7 time zone, the Chinese New Year Day is on February 17th, 2007, t


Which country won the 2007 Eurovision Song Contest?

Eurovision Song Contest 2007 Final | Eurovision Song Contest Show more Eurovision Song Contest 2007 Final The Final of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest took place in Helsinki, Finland, at the Hartwall Arena. For the occasion, the venue was referred to as the Helsinki Arena. Czech Republic and Georgia debuted in the Semi-Final, so did Serbia and Montenegro as independent states. Of those countries, only Georgia and Serbia managed to qualify for the Final, together with returning country Hungary. Equal opportunities for all! Host Broadcaster YLE adopted True Fantasy as the slogan for this year's contest. The high-tech stage was constructed in the shape of a kantele, a traditional Finnish instrument. The contest's Presenting Partner was TeliaSonera and the International Presenting Partners were Nobel Biocare and the European Year of Equal Opportunities for All. The Final opened with Lordi, the monster rock band that brought that contest to Finland. The UK entry was performed by pop group Scooch who dressed as flight attendants. Ukraine sent Verka Serduchka, a drag act, who performed the song Dancing Lasha Tumbai, which finished second. Verka has gone on to become an iconic figure in recent Eurovision history. About the winner Serbia, participating as an independent country for the first time, won the contest, closely followed by respectively Ukraine and Russia. The winning song, Molitva, was performed by Marija Šerifović, is to date, the only non-English language song to have won the Eurovision Song Contest since the language rules were relaxed in 1999. Facts & figures 2007 was the first time that the Eurovision Song Contest was produced and broadcast in High Definition. Almost 9 million votes were cast all over Europe, either by telephone or SMS. Facts & Figures


Which psychiatrist and host of BBC Radio 4's In the Psychiatrist's Chair died in October 2007?

Psychiatrist Professor Anthony Clare dies, aged 64 | Daily Mail Online Psychiatrist Professor Anthony Clare dies, aged 64 Last updated at 16:40 30 October 2007 BBC Radio 4 broadcaster Professor Anthony Clare, credited with doing the most to popularise psychiatry since Sigmund Freud, has died suddenly aged 64. Mr Clare, best known as the presenter of BBC Radio 4's series In the Psychiatrist's Chair, passed away in Paris at the weekend. Scroll down for more... His death comes just two months before he had been due to retire from his post at an acute psychiatric unit near Dublin. Tributes yesterday flooded in for Prof Clare, who was praised for demystifying psychiatry and making it accessible to the public. Among the most memorable moments on In The Psychiatrist's Chair, which launched in 1982, was Bob Monkhouse breaking down because his mother had not spoken to him in 20 years and Esther Rantzen admitting she was always insecure about her looks. Prof Clare, born in Ireland in 1942, was set to retire from his post as consultant adult psychiatrist at St Edmondsbury hospital, Lucan, Co Dublin, in December. He was also professor of clinical psychiatry at Trinity College Dublin. He originally came to prominence in broadcasting on Radio 4's Stop The Week programme in the 1970's, interviewing high-fliers about their past. Mr Clare, a father of seven, also co-wrote Depression and How To Survive It with Spike Milligan, which helped explore the dark side of the comedian's life. His other books included On Men: Masculinity In Crisis, where he argued men were now seen in the same way women were a century ago - prone to early death and illness and consumed with self-doubt. Friend and colleague Professor Patricia Casey, professor of psychiatry at University College Dublin (UCD), described him as unique. She said: "He was not only the best known psychiatrist in Ireland and Britain but also in the United States as well. "He did indeed demystify psychiatry. At a time when people thought that psychiatrists had two horns and sort of locked people up, he was a psychiatrist talking all over the media about what we did. "He was unique in that, and was highly regarded because of all of that. He took psychiatry out of the closet," she said. Radio 4 controller Mark Damazer said: "Anthony Clare had a unique interviewing style and In The Psychiatrist's Chair was a gold-standard Radio 4 programme. "He was perceptive, unafraid and yet courteous. It was a potent mix. "His subjects were not in the chair to be belittled. But as his questioning unfolded, the audience invariably discovered more about the thoughts and emotions of the famous and powerful. He was a terrific broadcaster." Despite being educated by Jesuits the professor lost his Catholic faith as a young man which he blamed on his career in medicine. He once said: "I can't really believe in a god that can suddenly and haphazardly intervene during one moment of history, causing air crashes, genocide and famine." Prof Clare married Jane Horgan in 1966 having seven children together. In the late 1980's the family returned to Dublin.


Who became the 2007 Formula One World Driver's Champion in October?

Kimi Raikkonen - 2007 Kimi Raikkonen Share Fast-tracked into the sport with the shortest CV on four wheels, the unknown newcomer who came from nowhere and said next to nothing immediately proved he knew exactly what he was doing: driving a Formula One car as fast as it could possibly go. The car couldn't always keep up with his talent and it took seven seasons for Kimi 'Iceman' Raikkonen to become World Champion. Notoriously inanimate and uncommunicative, the silent speedster's frozen expression in fact masked the hidden depths in one of the most original - and popular - characters in the sport's history... 1 / 5 Kimi Raikkonen (FIN), British Formula Renault Championship, 2000. World © Bearne/Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Kimi Raikkonen (FIN) World Karting Championship, Margutti, Parma, Italy March 1998. World © Walker/Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Karting sensation Kimi Raikkonen (FIN) takes part in his first racing car test ahead of his first season in single seater racing cars. Formula Ford Test Session, Donington Park, England, 16 December 1998. World © Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Kimi Raikkonen (FIN) Manor Motorsport shows off the trophies he received for winning all the races in the series. Formula Renault Winter Series, Donington Park, England, 21 November 1999. World © McNeil/Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Kimi Raikkonen (FIN) - 1st place British Formula Renault Championship, Croft, England. 25 June 2000. World © Batchelor/Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Info Close Kimi Matias Raikkonen spent his childhood in a house built by his great grandfather in Espoo, a suburb of the Finnish capital, Helsinki. To provide for Kimi, born on 17 October, 1979, and his older brother Rami, their hard-working parents Matti and Paula toiled, respectively, as a road builder and an office clerk. Money was scarce but the Raikkonens were a happy family and their humble homestead surrounded by open countryside was an ideal environment for the two rambunctious youngsters to flex their racing muscles. At first (when Kimi was just three years old) the brothers tore around on miniature motocross bikes fitted with training wheels. A move to karts paved the way for Kimi (who began competitive karting at 10) and Rami (who eventually became a successful rally driver) to make rapid progress in motorsport, though it came at a cost. Matti had to work nights as a taxi driver and nightclub bouncer and funds diverted to karting meant plans to replace the outside lavatory with a proper bathroom in the family home had to be postponed. Kimi, a reluctant student who used his schoolbag as a sled to slide down snow-covered hills, enjoyed winter sports, especially ice hockey, though he eventually gave it up because he hated getting up for early-morning practice. At 16 he left school and enrolled in a course for mechanics, believing this skill might be the only way to stay involved in motorsport. Very soon his mechanical expertise, and the need for family funding, became superfluous, as Kimi's natural talent for driving fast led to sponsored rides.  Info Close Following a rapid series of successes in Finnish, Nordic and European karting, he jumped into a racing car and promptly won two British-based Formula Renault championships. In the fall of 2000, despite having just 23 car races to his name, he was given a test by the Sauber Formula One team. Impressed by his immediate pace and assured approach, Sauber shrewdly signed the 21-year old to drive for them in 2001. His having short-circuited the conventional route to the top provoked fierce debate over his right, let alone his readiness, to race at the pinnacle of motorsport. Raikkonen rapidly silenced his critics (he finished sixth in his Grand Prix debut) and attracted the attention of McLaren, who saw him as a likely successor to the retiring two-time champion, Mika Hakkinen.  One Finn after another proved to be a good thing for McLaren, for whom Kimi the 'Iceman' never gave less than his maximum, always driving to a personal limit t


Donald Tusk replaced a twin to become prime minister of which country?

Donald Tusk, the new head of Europe - Telegraph EU Donald Tusk, the new head of Europe Tusk has also long been a proponent of free markets, privatisation and minimal  government interference - a stance that should made him a natural ally of  the UK Donald Tusk, president of the European Council Photo: AFP By Matthew Day, in Warsaw and Bruno Waterfeld in Brussels 7:00AM BST 31 Aug 2014 Initially reluctant to leave national politics, Donald Tusk, Poland’s prime minister was persuaded by his wife Malgorzata for the “prestige, better money and less problems at work” that come with a top Brussels job at the top of EU officialdom renowned for its “gravy train” pay and perks. Mr Tusk currently earns 240,000 zloty a year, a salary that is worth just €60,000 (£47,500) a year, making him one of the lowest paid EU leaders. In the EU post, he will earn over five times with a pay and perks package worth well over €300,000 a year, including a personal motorcade of five limousines. That Mr Tusk could step into some of Europe’s biggest shoes has surprised many in Poland. Unlike Radek Sikorski, his ardently Europhile foreign minister, he has never made any public declaration of seeking a job in Brussels - even last month saying that he intended to stay in Poland - and has never really outlined in depth his views on Europe. Senior EU officials have described a growing consensus building around Mr Tusk, who is supported by Germany, as the star of his main rival, Helle Thorning-Schmidt, the Danish prime minister and daughter-in-law of Lord Kinnock, wanes. “It is a progressive consensus. Her name is Angela Merkel,” joked a Brussels ambassador. Earlier last week, perhaps seeking to curry favour in Berlin, David Cameron added his support to Mr Tusk’s bandwagon. Related Articles Merkel under pressure to ditch 'blackmailing' Cameron in EU president row 02 Jun 2014 The Prime Minister backed Mr Tusk to please the German chancellor and also in the hope that the centre-Right Pole will act as a counter-balance to the federalist ambitions of Jean-Claude Juncker, the incoming president of the European Commission. The 57-year-old prime minister’s prospects for a European role are mainly hindered by his weakness at English. Although improving, Mr Tusk rarely speaks English in public and when he does it comes with a strong Polish accent. Although Mr Tusk’s commitment to the EU has grown over his seven years in office as Poland prospered from union membership, the 57-year-old Polish leader has retained a pragmatic stance on European policy and is committed to its reform. Mr Tusk has also long been a proponent of free markets, privatisation and minimal government interference - a stance that should made him a natural ally of the UK. Despite this, Poland and the UK have clashed in Europe with the two falling out over Mr Cameron call for limits on EU freedom of movement rights that benefit millions of Poles working in Britain. His relationship with Mrs Merkel, has been a mixed blessing domestically, leading to accusations from nationalists circles that he is too close to a country that was for long Poland’s traditional enemy but her blessing counts for a lot in Brussels. Mr Tusk’s instinct to form strong bonds with Germany may stem from his own background. Although born in the northern city of Gdansk, his family hail from the Kaszuby region of Poland, a small distinctive area not far from the city where, for years before the Second World War, Polish and German culture entwined and national divisions blurred. One of Mr Tusk’s grandfathers was even forced to join Hitler’s armies in 1944 after spending time in a concentration camp. This fact was picked up by his opponents, and used in an attempt derail his political career - but the attempt failed and Mr Tusk went on to become a dominant force in Polish politics. As leader of the economically liberal Civic Platform party, he became prime minister in 2007 after inflicting a heavy defeat on his bitter foe Jaroslaw Kaczynski. Credited with bringing order and stability after the turbulent Kaczynski years, which


Cristina Kirchner became the first elected woman president of which country?

Profile: Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner - BBC News BBC News Profile: Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner 8 October 2013 Image copyright Reuters Image caption Cristina Fernandez: First woman elected and re-elected president in Argentina Following the announcement that Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner is to undergo surgery, messages of support have been pouring in for the leader. Political adversaries campaigning for the congressional election at the end of the month as well as leaders from the main political forces and regional foreign heads of state have wished her well in messages posted on Twitter. Her operation comes almost three years after the death of her husband and predecessor in the post, Nestor Kirchner. His death robbed President Fernandez of her closest political confidant. Together, they made a formidable team and were often described as Argentina's power couple. Ms Fernandez secured re-election as president of Argentina in October 2011 with a landslide victory. It was in many ways a dramatic turnaround for Ms Fernandez, whose first term had been beset by rows and low approval ratings. While still a popular figure among low-income families and rural Argentines, who have benefited from the government's social policies, Ms Fernandez's honeymoon with the urban middle class seems to be over now. In recent months, thousands have marched against rising prices, government restrictions on the purchase of US dollars, and high crime levels. 'Wives' duel' Cristina, as the majority of Argentines call her, has often been described as a strong-willed woman, obsessed with her image. But she is also a politician with a long track record. She was born on 19 February 1953 in La Plata, the capital of the province of Buenos Aires, where she graduated in law. She married Mr Kirchner, whom she met at university, in 1975. A year later, the couple went to live in his home region, the southern province of Santa Cruz. At the end of the 1980s, she embarked on her political career, first as a provincial then as a national deputy. But it was her husband who rose through the ranks of the Peronist polictical movement. Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Ther Kirchners influenced and advised each other In 1991, Mr Kirchner was elected governor of Santa Cruz. He won two more terms, while Ms Fernandez supported him as a deputy. When Mr Kirchner took office as president in 2003 - in the midst of one of the worst economic and social crises in the country - a similar pattern emerged. By then Cristina Fernandez was a senator with her own political weight in Congress, where she actively supported her husband's policies that included boosting social spending. Ms Fernandez cemented her political position in the congressional elections of 2005. Taking 46% of the votes, she won in the province of Buenos Aires in a contest dubbed "the wives' duel", beating her main rival, Hilda Gonzalez, the wife of the former President Eduardo Duhalde (2002-2003). During Mr Kirchner's administration, there was almost no decision taken in which she did not have a say, her influence exceeding that of an ordinary lawmaker. She was also the first senator to have an office within the presidential palace, provoking criticism from the opposition. The governing party insisted that the office was small and was hers by virtue of her position as first lady. Continuity Occupying the presidential palace, the Casa Rosada, in her own right, President Fernandez has broadly continued her husband's policies. I have the honour to be the first woman to be re-elected in the country. What more could I want? Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, President of Argentina There have been further moves to address human rights abuses of the past. Argentina also became the first country in Latin America to legalise same-sex marriages. Under her, Argentina renewed contacts with the International Monetary Fund after years of hostility and moved to renew negotiations over paying Argentina's debts to the Paris Club of lender nations. While Argentina has recovered from the economic woes


The iPhone was launched by which company?

iPhone 6 and iWatch launch - live - Telegraph • Why isn’t it called the Apple iWatch? Latest 17.31 That's where we end more than 30 hours of live coverage of the launch of Apple's new iPhones and Watch. So, from the technology team (Matt Warman, Matthew Sparkes, Sophie Curtis, Rhiannon Williams, Harry Parkhill, Curtis Moldrich and Sian Gardiner), thanks very much for reading. Make sure to keep an eye on our Apple section for the latest news, reviews and features on the new products. 16.58 In more iOS 8 news, here's how it will work with the iPhone 6 , what to do if your iPhone can't handle the new system , and what to do if you find yourself wanting to revert to iOS 7 . 14.21 For all the high-tech features mentioned in Tim Cook's Apple keynote event last night, the battery life of the Watch was notable by its absence. Sophie Curtis says this could be the feature that makes or breaks Apple's first wearable device: Battery life has been a key differentiator of the smartwatches released to date. While devices like the Pebble and MetaWatch tend to last up to a week on a single charge, thanks to their black and white LCD displays, colour touchscreen smartwatches like the Samsung Galaxy Gear and Motorola’s Moto 360 tend to run out of charge within a single day. Apple's failure to address this issue in its announcement is therefore troubling. If the company had come up with some new innovative way of extending battery life, Tim Cook would surely have said so. 13.28 Last night's unexpected object of lust, Scarf Man, has been identified. Read more about the man behind the fabric . 13.24 Out with the old and in with the new, as the saying goes - with the introduction of the new iPhones and the Apple Watch, we must say goodbye to the iPod Classic, which is going into retirement. Read our fond farewell here . 12.30 If you've been enticed by the new iPhones, here's a handy guide for what to do with your old handset. 12.12 In case you were wondering why U2's new album Songs of Innocence has magically appeared in your iTunes library, here is a useful explainer. 11.55 People researching the iPhone online are more likely to be searching for Brad Pitt, skiing holidays and hot tubs than internet users looking up other mobile brands, according to digital media solutions company Exponential Interactive. Samsung fans are more likely to be looking up Rafael Nadal, Toyota Prius cars and wheelchairs, apparently. 11.33 While we're on iOS 8, here's how it compares with Android's KitKat . 10.51 As iOS 8 will become available for current iPhone and iPad users to download from Wednesday September 17, we round up how to install it , and 16 of the coolest features you may not have heard about . 10.10 One of the most exciting announcements from last night for iPhone owners was that both iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus will boast improved battery life, Apple has claimed. Read more here . 09.36 Our spies tell us the two lonely tents outside the Apple store on London's Regent Street have yet to be joined by any more keen fans. Here's a reminder of how they looked yesterday afternoon: 09.05 From his brief hands on with the Apple Watch, Matt Warman is left wondering if it should be slimmer: In my limited time with it, I turned the ‘digital crown’ and it wheeled freely round in a way that will feel somehow more tangible once it is changing what is on screen. In principle, this is a genius way of getting over the fact that a watch’s screen is fundamentally too small for you to use your fingers to interact with it. Nonetheless, I still think watches should be slimmer than Apple’s, and that for $349 or more, you need to get quite a lot of technology for your money. 08.50 In case you missed it, here's a reminder of when you can buy the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus , and from which networks. 07.20 James McQuivey, principal analyst at Forrester, the research company, is confident that the Apple Watch will kick start demand for smart watches, even if it takes Apple a few more tries to get its formula exactly right. "Apple's Watch...has firmly established the smartwatch as


What month in 2007 did Tony Blair depart as UK prime minister?

BBC NEWS | UK | UK Politics | Blair will stand down on 27 June Blair will stand down on 27 June Mr Blair's announcement will trigger the leadership contest Tony Blair's speech Tony Blair has announced he will stand down as prime minister on 27 June. He made the announcement in a speech to party activists in his Sedgefield constituency, after earlier briefing the Cabinet on his plans. He acknowledged his government had not always lived up to high expectations but said he had been "very blessed" to lead "the greatest nation on earth". He will stay on in Downing Street until the Labour Party elects a new leader - widely expected to be Gordon Brown. Mr Brown, who is expected to launch his leadership campaign on Friday, paid tribute to Mr Blair, saying: "I think I spoke for millions when I said at Cabinet today that Tony Blair's achievements are unique, unprecedented and enduring." I came into office with high hopes for Britain's future, and, you know, I leave it with even higher hopes for Britain's future Tony Blair In full: Resignation speech He said people would remember "how he led the country after 7 July, how he responded for the world after 11 September in America, how he responded to the tragic death of Princess Diana". He said Mr Blair's legacy would also be better public services and a strong economy adding "Britain's reputation in the world is stronger than ever before. At all times he tried to do the right thing". US President George W Bush said he would "miss" Mr Blair. "He is a political figure who is capable of thinking over the horizon. He's a long-term thinker," said Mr Bush. "I have found him to be a man who's kept his word which is sometimes rare in the political circles I run in." 'High expectations' Earlier, in an emotional speech, Mr Blair said he had been prime minister for 10 years which was "long enough" for the country and himself. He thanked the British people for their support and apologised for when "I have fallen short". I think a lot of people will look back on the last 10 years of dashed hopes and big disappointments, of so much promised so little delivered David Cameron, Conservative leader Analysis: Blair's exit message It was for others to judge whether he had made mistakes, said Mr Blair, adding: "I have always done what I thought was right." He said expectations had probably been "too high" in 1997, but he defended his government's record in office. "There is only one government since 1945 that can say all of the following: more jobs, fewer unemployed, better health and education results, lower crime and economic growth in every quarter. Only one government, this one," he said. 'Right' On foreign policy, Mr Blair acknowledged the terrorist "blow back" from the "bitterly controversial" invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan and he urged Britain to stay the course in the fight against terror. "I decided we should stand shoulder to shoulder with our oldest ally, and I did so out of belief," he said of his decision to support America's invasion of Iraq. BLAIR ANNOUNCEMENT The day in Pictures "I did what I thought was right for our country," Mr Blair said, summing up his record. "And I came into office with high hopes for Britain's future, and, you know, I leave it with even higher hopes for Britain's future." In conclusion, he said: "Actually I've been lucky and very blessed. And this country is a blessed nation. "The British are special - the world knows it, in our innermost thoughts we know it. This is the greatest nation on earth." Brown tribute Mr Blair was given a standing ovation by around 250 Labour activists and members who had crammed into the tiny bar of Trimdon Labour Club to see him off. Waving hand-written placards reading "Sedgefield Loves Tony", "10 Great Years", "Thank You" and "Britain is Better", the crowd cheered as Mr Blair embraced his election agent John Burton and wife Cherie. He has now arrived back in Downing Street after flying back to London. Labour is later expected to announce a special party conference on 24 June to unveil its next leader. 'Defensive' Giving his rea


The fifth Harry Potter film released in July 2007 is called what?

Final Harry Potter book released - Jul 21, 2007 - HISTORY.com Final Harry Potter book released Share this: Final Harry Potter book released Author Final Harry Potter book released URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 2007, the seventh and final Harry Potter novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, is released, with an initial print run of 12 million copies in the United States alone. Like each of the previous Harry Potter novels, Deathly Hallows was slated to be made into a major Hollywood film. The bespectacled boy wizard Harry Potter is the brainchild of the British author J.K. Rowling, who was born July 31, 1965. Rowling’s first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, debuted in Britain in 1997 (it was retitled Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone when it was released in America the next year) and went on to become an international bestseller. Children and adults alike were captivated by Harry, his friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger and their adventures at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The books, which chronicled Harry’s struggles against his enemy, the evil Lord Voldemort, have sold over 400 million copies and been translated into more than 60 languages. The series is also credited with boosting childhood literacy around the globe. Spawning a series of blockbuster films, video games and other merchandise, the Harry Potter series transformed J.K. Rowling, a broke single mother when she penned the first book, into the highest-earning author in history. The first movie in the series, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, opened in America on November 16, 2001. Directed by Chris Columbus (Home Alone, Mrs. Doubtfire), the film starred British actor Daniel Radcliffe as Harry, Rupert Grint as Ron and Emma Watson in the role of Hermione. Columbus also directed the second film in the series, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, which premiered in the United States on November 14, 2002. The Mexican director Alfonso Cuaran (Y tu mama tambien) helmed the third film, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, which opened in America on June 4, 2004. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was directed by Mike Newell, the first Brit to helm the series, and released in the United States on November 18, 2005. The fifth film, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, was directed by David Yates and opened in America on July 11, 2007. Yates also directed the next film in the series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2008) and is scheduled to helm the adaptation of the final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, which is planned as two separate films. Related Videos


Which England rugby player was controversially denied a try in the 2007 World Cup final against South Africa because his foot was deemed to have been in touch before grounding the ball?

Tredegar Forum - ANSWERS TO THE QUIZ Tredegar Forum   1. WHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE NASSA SPACE JUNK  UPPER ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE   (UARS) 2.WHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE PARTICLES THAT WERE FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT DISCOVERED AT CERN SWITZERLAND LAST WEEK     NEUTRINOS 3. WHERE ARE THE WHITSUNDAY ISLANDS              AUSTRALIA (QUEENSLAND) 4. WHICH ARTIST�S STUDIO WAS KNOWN AS THE FACTORY? ANDY WARHOL 5. WHICH NOTE DOES AN ORCHESTRA TUNE TO?  A 6. IN THE WORLD OF WEAPONRY, WHAT DO THE INITIALS ICBM STAND FOR? . INTER-CONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILE 7. WHICH ITALIAN CITY IS HOME OF THE CAR MANUFACTURER FIAT?    TURIN 8. WHAT IS NORTH AMERICA'S HIGHEST MOUNTAIN? . MOUNT MCKINLEY 9. WHAT IS THE COMMONLY USED LATIN WORD MEANING "ELSEWHERE"? ALIBI 10. THE SONG THE RHYTHM OF LIFE COMES FROM WHICH MUSICAL? SWEET CHARITY 11. THE STRATOCASTER IS A MODEL OF WHICH GUITAR MAKER? FENDER 12. THE VAST MAJORITY OF ALL THE FOOTBALLS (SOCCER) IN THE WORLD ARE MADE IN WHICH ASIAN COUNTRY? PAKISTAN 13 NADIA COMANECI WAS THE FIRST GYMNAST TO BE AWARDED WHAT AT THE MONTREAL OLYMPIC GAMES IN 1976? A PERFECT 10 14. CRISTINA KIRCHNER BECAME THE FIRST ELECTED WOMAN PRESIDENT OF WHICH COUNTRY? ARGENTINA 15. THE IPHONE WAS LAUNCHED BY WHICH COMPANY? APPLE 16. WHICH ENGLAND RUGBY PLAYER WAS CONTROVERSIALLY DENIED A TRY IN THE 2007 WORLD CUP FINAL AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA BECAUSE HIS FOOT WAS DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN IN TOUCH BEFORE GROUNDING THE BALL? MARK CUETO 17. WHAT COLOUR ARE THE BERRIES FROM THE ROWAN TREE ALSO KNOWN AS THE MOUNTAIN ASH RED 18. WHICH COUNTRY HAS THE INTERNATIONAL CAR REGISTRATION LETTER A? AUSTRIA 19. WHO WAS THE FIRST BRITISH MONARCH TO BROADCAST A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE TO THE NATION? GEORGE THE FIFTH (IN 1932 20. WHAT DID THE W STAND FOR IN THE NAME F W WOOLWORTH?  WINFIELD 21. WHAT WAS ADVERTISED IN THE 1980'S WITH THE SLOGAN "IF YOU SEE SID, TELL HIM"? THE SALE OF BRITISH GAS SHARES 22. WHAT WAS THE LAST PORT OF CALL FOR THE TITANIC? QUEENSTOWN, IRELAND (RENAMED COBH IN 1922).(pronounced cove) 23. WHERE IS THERE AN AMERICAN FLAG THAT HAS NOT BEEN LOWERED SINCE 1969? . ON THE MOON. 24. WHICH THEORETICAL TEMPERATURE CORRESPONDS TO -273.15 DEGREES CELSIUS. ABSOLUTE ZERO (0 DEGREES KELVIN) 25. WHICH IS THE LONGEST MONTH IN THE YEAR? OCTOBER (31 DAYS PLUS ONE HOUR) 27. WHAT IS THE HIGHEST PEAK IN ENGLAND? SCAFELL PIKE (NOT SCAFELL WHICH IS A NEARBY PEAK). 28. WHICH SPA TOWN WAS THE SEAT OF THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT FROM 1940 TO 1944? VICHY 29. WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON STREET NAME IN BRITAIN?  HIGH STREET 30 WHO WAS ASSASSINATED BY HER OWN BODYGUARD ON 31ST OCTOBER 1984? INDIRA GANDHI


Adam Applegarth presided over what controversial corporation?

Adam Applegarth launches property manager | The Sunday Times Show all Adam Applegarth launches property manager Former boss of Northern Rock, which collapsed and was nationalised by Gordon Brown when prime minister, starts new venture with his son Robin Henry Published: 12 September 2010 Print Adam Applegarth, the former chief executive of Northern Rock (Michael Crabtree) The former chief executive who presided over the collapse of Northern Rock has launched a new property management business. Adam Applegarth is believed to have teamed up with his eldest son Greg to launch Beechwood Property Management. The former banking "golden boy" left the high-street lender in December 2007 with a £760,000 pay-off, after the first run on a British bank in more than 100 years. Northern Rock was nationalised by Gordon Brown, the then prime minister, two months later, leaving its investors facing substantial losses. The Treasury select comittee singled out Applegarth and his fellow directors and blamed their excessive lending for the bank's collapse. It marked a spectacular fall from grace for Applegarth who had risen from Northern Rock cashier to become the youngest FTSE 100 chief executive in 2001 at the age of 39. The 48-year-old went on to become an adviser to Apollo Management, a US Subscribe now


Who was appointed new England soccer manager in December 2007?

BBC SPORT | Football | Internationals | Capello named new England manager Capello named new England manager Capello will bring four Italian assistants with him Fabio Capello has been confirmed as the new England manager after the details of his contract were finalised with the Football Association. The Italian signed a four-and-a-half year deal - reportedly worth ï¿½6m a year, with an opt out after 2010. Capello, 61, will be unveiled at a news conference at 1300 GMT on Monday before taking up the role on 7 January. His backroom staff is all-Italian but he is to consider how to integrate an English presence into the set-up. "Fabio is very, very open and happy to include an English coach - or English coaches - within his staff," said FA director of communications Adrian Bevington. 606: DEBATE The FA has been criticised heavily in the past - but this time credit is due for a brilliant appointment BBC Sport's Phil McNulty "The key point is that that is something we don't have to rush into. People should not get too hung up on the fact there is no English coach on the staff at the moment." England Under-21 coach Stuart Pearce was among those seen arriving at the FA's headquarters in Soho Square, London, on Friday. Alan Shearer, Tony Adams and David Platt have also been linked with a role in Capello's team. The Italian's trusted aide Franco Baldini, his sporting director at Roma and Real Madrid, is included in the backroom staff along with veteran assistant coach Italo Galbiati, goalkeeping coach Franco Tancredi, and fitness coach Massimo Neri. People should not get too hung up on the fact there is no English coach on the staff at the moment FA spokesman Adrian Bevington The FA revealed Capello was the number one choice and was the only man to be formally interviewed for the post, which became vacant when Steve McClaren was sacked on 22 November. "Fabio is a winner. His record over the last two decades speaks for itself," said FA chief executive Brian Barwick. "At every club he has managed, Fabio has won the league title and Sir Trevor Brooking and I were left in no doubt of his passion and commitment to bring that success to the England team." Capello's first game in charge will be the friendly against Switzerland at Wembley on 6 February. With England failing to qualify for Euro 2008, his first competitive game will be a World Cup qualifier on 6 September. His contract was finalised on Friday. FABIO CAPELLO FACTFILE 1946: Born in San Canzian d'Isonzo, Gorizia, Italy 1964: Makes pro debut for Ferrara side SPAL 1973: Scores as Italy beat England at Wembley for first time 1991: Appointed head coach of AC Milan 1992: Wins first of four Italian league titles with Milan 1994: Milan beat Barcelona 4-0 in European Cup final 1997: Wins Spanish league with Real Madrid 2001: Guides Roma to their first Scudetto for 18 years 2004: Wins Scudetto in first season with Juventus 2007: Guides Real to La Liga during his second spell The Italian met Barwick and Brooking, the FA's director of football, on Wednesday before his appointment was "ratified unanimously" by the FA board on Thursday. "Fabio Capello is widely recognised as one of the world's finest coaches," said Brooking. "He has achieved huge success wherever he has worked and has the respect of everyone in football." McClaren, who spent just 18 months in charge, hopes Capello succeeds as England boss. "It goes without saying that I wish my successor all the very best," McClaren said. "I've always said and still maintain we have an excellent group of players. I'm convinced they'll do the country proud in due course. "It was a great honour for me to manage England and I'm sure Fabio will share the same sentiments." Capello expressed his interest in the England job just days after McClaren's departure in November, describing it as a "beautiful challenge". MIHIR BOSE BLOG What has been forgotten in all of this is the "root-and-branch review" promised by the FA when McClaren was sacked He has a hugely impressive CV and comes with the backing of such football luminaries as Sir Alex Ferguson,


What city hosted the 2007 World Athletics Championships?

Eugene, Oregon, to host 2021 world track and field championships comment BEIJING -- After nearly four decades of bypassing the United States, track and field's marquee event is finally headed to the country that has been the dominant force in the sport. The small Oregon city of Eugene, a northwestern town steeped in American track history and the home of the University of Oregon, was awarded the 2021 world athletics championships on Thursday in a surprise move that came without a bidding process. The IAAF, the governing body of the sport, said the decision was driven by the desire to break into the key American market. "We have to give it to Eugene, to a city where athletics is like a religion," IAAF president Lamine Diack said. Eugene has become a hotbed for track and field in recent decades, just as interest in the sport has waned. The city hosts an annual Diamond League meet, one of a series of top-tier IAAF track events, and staged the world junior championships last year. The 2016 world indoor championships will be held in nearby Portland. And it was a former University of Oregon runner and his track coach that started Nike in the early 1970s. Nike Inc.'s headquarters, outside Portland in Beaverton, are just up the road, providing a powerful incentive to bring the championships to Eugene. The 2021 worlds will be at Hayward Field, the historic stadium used by the University of Oregon track team and the venue that made runner Steve Prefontaine an iconic figure in American track. The stadium will be rebuilt to accommodate 32,000 spectators for the 2021 meet. "It's always been a problem for us to engage both commercially and sportingly in the U.S.," IAAF vice president Sebastian Coe told The Associated Press. "The United States is the world's largest sports market. We need to be there." Coe, a middle-distance running great who also sits on the IAAF Council, is running to succeed Diack as IAAF president in August. The world athletics championships have been held every two years since 1991, the third edition of the competition. The first world championships were held in 1983 in Helsinki, Finland, followed by Rome in 1987. The 2015 competition will be held in Beijing, followed by London in 2017 and Doha, Qatar, in 2019. Although the United States has never hosted the championships, the country's athletes have dominated the medals table, finishing at the top of the list in 11 of the 14 previous competitions. The other three times the Americans were second. Diack said that granting the world championships to an American city had been a long cherished hope -- and something of a parting gift to the United States before his retirement this year. "Yes, you can understand it like that. It is also a gift for myself, and I was really fighting for this to happen," Diack said. "Going to the United States for track and field is a strategic decision and I was pleased to make a gift to them and to myself." The IAAF said it bypassed the usual bidding process and chose Eugene because of the financial support offered by the governor of Oregon and the United States Olympic Committee, as well as NBC's commitment to produce and broadcast the event. While cities usually compete to hold such events, the IAAF also awarded the 2007 world championships to Osaka, Japan, without opening it to bidding. Not everybody was happy with the announcement, which came during the second half of the IAAF Council meeting in Beijing. "I must say I am very surprised by the complete lack of process in the decision the IAAF has taken," said Svein Arne Hansen, a Norwegian who recently took over as president of European Athletics. "The IAAF knew that Gothenburg was a serious candidate for the 2021 world championships. Swedish Athletics and the city had put in a lot of effort over the years to prepare the bidding application but they have not even been given the chance to bid for the event." Gothenburg hosted the fifth edition of the world championships in 1995. Eugene lost out to Doha, Qatar, last November in bidding to host the 2019 world championships. But the city