Yuri Gagarin made the first Soviet space flight in April 1961. Who made the first (sub-orbital ) American space flight a month later?

International Day of Human Space Flight: 10 achievements since Yuri Gagarin made first Earth orbit International Day of Human Space Flight: 10 achievements since Yuri Gagarin made first Earth orbit April 12, 2015 00:01 BST Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin wearing his helmet for the first manned flight in spaceGetty Earth's orbit has become a busy arena of human activity over the last 50 years. At the beginning of the 20th century, a burst of scientific investigation into interplanetary travel, inspired by fiction writers such as H.G. Wells, led to a breakthrough in space flight on 12 April 1961. Soviet citizen Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space, paving the way for space exploration as we know it today. Opening the era of manned space flight, Gagarin's flight took 108 minutes and consisted of a single orbit of the Earth, as part of the Soviet Vostok space exploration programme. Just under a month later, the United States launched its first suborbital Mercury astronaut, Alan Shepherd in a Freedom 7 capsule. Twenty days later, President John F. Kennedy, to quell the US public alarm at the widening lead by the USSR, announced a plan to land a man on the moon by 1970. In celebration of Gagarin and the beginning of the space era for mankind, we look at other milestones in human space flight – from the first woman in space to the launch of space tourism. First woman in space The first woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, attends a press conference in Moscow in 2013Getty Although female space travellers were not commonplace until the 1980s, the first woman in space was a former civilian parachutist called Valentina Tereshkova. She entered orbit on 16 June 1963 on board the Soviet mission Vostok 6. The chief Soviet spacecraft designer, Sergey Korolyov, came up with the idea to recruit a female cosmonaut corps and to launch two women on Vostok 5/6, but his plan was changed to launch a male first in Vostok 5, followed shortly afterwards by Tereshkova. Sally Ride became the first American woman in space on board Space Shuttle mission STS-7 on 18 June 1983. First American in space Alan Shephard became the first American to travel into space in 1961Getty The US caught up with the Soviets less than a month after Gagarin became the first person in space. On 5 May 1961, Nasa astronaut Alan Shephard was launched aboard the Freedom 7 vehicle to become the first American in space. Shephard's suborbital flight lasted just 15 minutes, taking him up to an altitude of 115 miles before splashing down in the Atlantic Ocean around 300 miles from the launch site in Cape Canaveral, Florida. US Space Shuttle The retired space shuttle Atlantis leaves the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral in 2012Reuters The US launched the first reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle, on 12 April 1981, exactly 20 years after Gagarin's flight. It was able to carry different payloads to low Earth orbit, provide crew rotation, perform satellite repairs and allowed for supplies to be taken to the International Space Station. Each shuttle was designed for a projected lifespan of 100 launches or ten years of operational life. On 15 November 1988, the Soviet Union launched the unmanned Buran shuttle, its first reusable spacecraft. Soyuz The Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft is transported to its launch pad at the Baikonur cosmodromeReuters Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme by the Korolyov Design Bureau in the 1960s that remain in service today. The Soyuz spacecraft is launched on a Soyuz rocket, which is the most frequently used and reliable launch vehicle in the world to date, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The spacecraft are used for transport to and from the International Space Station, with at least one Soyuz spacecraft docked to the ISS at all times as an escape craft in the event of an emergency. International Space Station The International Space Station, backdropped by EarthReuters The first component of the habitable artificial satellite, located in low Earth orbit, was launched in 1998 and is now the largest art


What was traditionally made by a Chandler?

Traditional Chandeliers Traditional Chandelier Lighting | Bellacor Rustic, hammered steel fixtures lend texture Golden Lighting Marcellis Dark Natural Iron Six-Light Chandelier view product >> Description Rustic, hammered steel fixtures lend texture      and dimension to a room Hand-painted Dark Natural Iron finish is lightly distressed Hand-blown Clear glass encases steel candles and candelabra bulbs A chandelier creates a stylish focal point Comfortably sized for a typical dining room Canopy ... Page  1  of  140


Hepatic is a adjective relating to which organ of the body?

Liver | Define Liver at Dictionary.com Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for liver Expand n. secreting organ of the body, Old English lifer, from Proto-Germanic *librn (cf. Old Norse lifr, Old Frisian livere, Middle Dutch levere, Dutch lever, Old High German lebara, German Leber "liver"), perhaps from PIE *leip- "to stick adhere; fat." Formerly believed to be the body's blood-producing organ; in medieval times it rivaled the heart as the supposed seat of love and passion, hence lily-livered . Liver-spots, once thought to be caused by a dysfunction of the organ, is attested from 1730. late 14c., agent noun from live (v.). live v. Old English lifian (Anglian), libban (West Saxon) "to be, to live, have life; to experience," also "to supply oneself with food, to pass life (in some condition)," from Proto-Germanic *liben (cf. Old Norse lifa "to live, remain," Old Frisian libba, German leben, Gothic liban "to live"), from PIE root *leip- "to remain, continue" (cf. Greek liparein "to persist, persevere;" see leave ). Meaning "to make a residence, dwell" is from c.1200. Related: Lived; living . According to the Dutch Prouerbe ... Leuen ende laetan leuen, To liue and to let others liue. [Malynes, 1622] To live it up "live gaily and extravagantly" is from 1903. To live up to "act in accordance with" is 1690s, from earlier live up "live on a high (moral or mental) level" (1680s). To live (something) down "outwear (some slander or embarrassment)" is from 1842. To live with "cohabit as husband and wife" is attested from 1749; sense of "to put up with" is attested from 1937. Expression live and learn is attested from c.1620. adj. 1540s, "having life," later (1610s) "burning, glowing," a shortening of alive (q.v.). Sense of "containing unspent energy or power" (live ammunition, etc.) is from 1799. Meaning "in-person" (of performance) is first attested 1934. Live wire is attested from 1890; figurative sense of "active person" is from 1903. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Not recorded or taped: live music/ a live telecast (1934+) Of current importance; still to be decided: Is metrication really a live issue today? (1900+) The Dictionary of American Slang, Fourth Edition by Barbara Ann Kipfer, PhD. and Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D. Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers. liver in the Bible Expand (Heb. kabhed, "heavy;" hence the liver, as being the heaviest of the viscera, Ex. 29:13, 22; Lev. 3:4, 1, 10, 15) was burnt upon the altar, and not used as sacrificial food. In Ezek. 21:21 there is allusion, in the statement that the king of Babylon "looked upon the liver," to one of the most ancient of all modes of divination. The first recorded instance of divination (q.v.) is that of the teraphim of Laban. By the teraphim the LXX. and Josephus understood "the liver of goats." By the "caul above the liver," in Lev. 4:9; 7:4, etc., some understand the great lobe of the liver itself. Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary Idioms and Phrases with liver Expand


In which year did the Bank of England 10 shilling note cease to be legal tender?

Bank of England Ten Shillings - Coin Community Forum Bank of England Ten Shillings    To participate in the forum you must log in or register . Author  Posted 04/17/2009  4:43 pm   My grandmother has a Ten Shillings Bank of England note. It is redish in color and the Chief Cashier is L.K. O'Brien. Just wondering when these were produced, and if they have any value. Thanks Date first issued: 12 October 1961 Date last issued: 13 October 1969 Date ceased to be legal tender: 22 November 1970 Colour: Red-brown. Size: 5 ï¿½" x 2 5/8" (140mm x 67mm) Design: Robert Austin. First and only issued Bank of England 10 Shilling note to carry portrait of monarch. Take a look at link and tell us if it is. CCF member Member Since: 07/27/2008  Posted 04/17/2009  7:31 pm     Is it still possible to exchange old pence (as well as LSD coins + notes) at the BoE?  Posted 04/18/2009  12:08 am     British decimalization was unique in that the primary monetary unit, the pound, remained unchanged - only the fractional units were replaced. The "predecimal pound" and the "decimal pound" are one and the same thing, so pound-denominated notes from the decimal period are still legal tender for face value (except for 1 pound notes - these are no longer legal tender, but are still redeemed for full face value by the BoE). The 10 shilling note was withdrawn when the shilling became obsolete, but the BoE has never backed down from it's stated promise to "pay the bearer", and would still be redeemeable at the BoE for face value - half a pound, or 50 pence in decimal equivalents. As for predecimal coins, they were issued by the government, not the Bank of England. They've been demonetized, but I believe banks will still take them at face value. The government is no doubt happy to accept them at face value, because they all contain more than that in scrap metal value - redeemed predecimal coins would be melted down and recycled for profit. Don't say "infinitely" when you mean "very"; otherwise, you'll have no word left when you want to talk about something really infinite. - C. S. Lewis


What part of the human digestive system is no longer needed?

5 Useless Body Parts | Vestigial Organs 5 Useless Body Parts July 11, 2012 02:00am ET MORE Leonardo drew the Vitruvian Man to illustrate human proportions. Credit: Public domain The human body has a few unneeded parts. We no longer rely on these organs or structures for any serious function, or they have atrophied or degenerated to the point that they don’t serve the function they used to. Charles Darwin pointed to these vestiges of anatomy in humans and other animals as evidence for evolution . Eventually, by noting how the vestigial organs in one species were similar to functioning organs in other species, biologists concluded two otherwise dissimilar creatures must have shared a common ancestor. Here are five of the most notable vestigial organs in humans: The Appendix: This small pouch attached to your large intestine, at the junction of the small intestine, no longer aids in digestion, and none of the 1 in 20 people who have one removed seems to miss it. In plant-eating vertebrates, it remains part of the digestive system. And a study in 2009 found that the human appendix might be useful , serving as an important storehouse for beneficial bacteria, which can’t wait for a chance a case of diarrhea so they can rush to the gut and save you. The Tailbone: Grandpa didn’t have a tail, but if you go back far enough in the family tree, your ancestors did. Other mammals find their tails useful for balance, but when humans learned to walk, the tail because useless and evolution converted it to just some fused vertebrae we call a coccyx. Male Nipples: This one might surprise you. Men have nipples because early on in the womb, the gender of a fetus could go either way. Essentially, every fetus starts out female. Eventually, testosterone causes a fetus to veer toward male or female. It’s worth noting that some men have been known to lactate, and men can get breast cancer. Erector Pili and Body Hair: Goose bumps aren’t just to alert you of cold. And in many creatures, fear and confrontation cause muscle fibers called erector pili to activate, forcing hairs to stand up and make the animal appear larger and more threatening. That would’ve been useful to your distant ancestors, those hairy beasts! Wisdom Teeth: Little more than a pain for many people, wisdom teeth probably once served a function, scientists figure. But the human jaw has become smaller over time and the wisdom teeth just have nowhere to grow. It’s also possible that dental hygiene is partly to blame. Before tooth brushing, a young adult would have lost many or most of his teeth, and the incoming wisdom teeth would have been timely.


Which Englich king was the father of the two boys known as 'The Princes in the Tower'?

6 Famous Prisoners of the Tower of London - History Lists History Lists September 11, 2012 By Evan Andrews Share Get all the facts on London's most iconic landmarks. Share this: 6 Famous Prisoners of the Tower of London Author 6 Famous Prisoners of the Tower of London URL Google The Tower of London has served as everything from a royal residence to a zoo for exotic animals, but it remains best known as a fearsome prison and torture chamber. First constructed in the wake of the Norman Conquest in 1066, the Tower has held some of Great Britain’s most prominent inmates, including disgraced royals, would-be revolutionaries and even Nazi officers. Find out more about six of these famous captives of one of history’s most forbidding prisons. Anne Boleyn The second wife of Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn was twice a resident of the Tower of London—once as a queen-in-waiting and once as a condemned prisoner. Boleyn married Henry in 1533 after the English king defied the Roman Catholic Church and annulled his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Housed in the Tower of London prior to her coronation in June 1533, Boleyn would reign as queen of England for nearly three years. Coupled with courtly intrigue and accusations of infidelity, Boleyn’s failure to give birth to a male heir ultimately proved to be her undoing. Accused of seducing the king into a cursed marriage, in May 1536 she was arrested on trumped-up charges of adultery, treason and even an alleged incestuous affair with her brother. Boleyn was confined to the Lieutenant’s Lodgings of the Tower of London, where she was tried and found guilty. She was beheaded by a French swordsman on a scaffold at the Tower on May 19, 1536. Catherine Howard, Henry’s fifth wife, would meet a similar fate when she was imprisoned and then executed at the Tower of London in 1542. Sir Walter Raleigh One of the longest-serving prisoners of the Tower of London was the famed Sir Walter Raleigh, who was confined to the citadel for some 13 years. A soldier and explorer who engineered the ill-fated English colony at Roanoke Island, Raleigh was knighted by Elizabeth I in 1585 and became one of the queen’s favorite courtiers. Despite his influential position, Raleigh was briefly imprisoned in the Tower in 1592 when it was revealed that he had secretly wed Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the queen’s maids of honor. Raleigh was confined to the Tower a second time in 1603 after he was accused of plotting against King James I. Stripped of most of his wealth, he would spend nearly 13 years detained in a part of the castle known as the Bloody Tower. While he was ostensibly a prisoner, Raleigh’s high social standing ensured that he had comfortable lodgings, and he was even joined in the Tower by his family. During this time he devoted himself to science and writing—composing his “History of the World” in 1614—and also fathered a son. Raleigh was released in 1616 and dispatched to Central America in search of the mythical gold city of El Dorado. The mission proved unsuccessful, and Raleigh was arrested and executed at the block after his forces attacked a Spanish outpost against the orders of the king. The Princes in the Tower Twelve-year-old Prince Edward V and 10-year-old Prince Richard of Shrewsbury—better known as “the Princes in the Tower”—are among the most famous prisoners to have disappeared within the bowels of the Tower of London. The two boys first arrived at the castle in 1483 after the death of their father, King Edward IV. The princes were originally housed in the Tower on the orders of their uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, but were stripped of their royal titles after the duke invalidated their father’s marriage, declared them illegitimate and claimed the throne for himself as King Richard III. Moved from their opulent royal apartments to the confines of the Garden Tower (later known as the Bloody Tower), the boys effectively became prisoners of the crown. While there were initially sightings of the former princes playing in the Tower courtyard, by mid-1483 they had vanished without a trace. The would-be


Which actress last year won an EMMY award for her role as Mildred Pierce?

Emmys 2011: Kate Winslet of 'Mildred Pierce' wins Best Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie | abc7.com OTRC: Emmys 2011: Kate Winslet of 'Mildred Pierce' wins Best Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie none Kate Winslet appears in a scene from the 2011 HBO miniseries 'Mildred Pierce.' (HBO) OTRC Corinne Heller Kate Winslet has won the 2011 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress In A Miniseries Or A Movie for her title role in HBO's "Mildred Pierce," marking the actress' first Emmy win and second nomination. Winslet, who starred in the 1998 film "Titanic" and is also an Oscar winner, beat nominees Diane Lane of "Cinema Verite," Elizabeth McGovern of "Downton Abbey," Taraji P. Henson of "Taken From Me: The Tiffany Rubin Story" and Jean Marsh of "Upstairs Downstairs." "Oh, look, I really did win it!" Winslet said during her acceptance speech, before dedicated the award to her mother. "I will never stop needing my mum," she said. "So thanks, Mum." "Mildred Pierce" was nominated for 21 Emmys and is based on a 1941 novel by James M. Cain. Winslet play a divorced, single mother who decides to open a restaurant business. Her new business venture does not help her strained relationship with her daughter, Veda, played by Evan Rachel Wood Wood. Minutes before Winslet's Emmy win was announced, Guy Pearce won the award for Best Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie for his role as Pierce's love interest, playboy Monty Beragon . He has said he saved Winslet's life while filming a driving scene. Joan Crawford won an Oscar for her portrayal of Pierce in a 1945 movie, which was nominated for a total of six Academy Awards and which also starred Ann Blyth, Jack Carson and Eve Arden. Winslet, a 35-year-old British actress, has been nominated for six Oscars, including one for her part as Rose, the love interest of Leonardo DiCaprio's character in "Titanic." The actress won an Academy Award for her role in the 2008 movie "The Reader." Winslet received her first Emmy nomination in 2006 for her guest role in Ricky Gervais' comedy series "Extras." She played a raunchy, foul-mouthed version of herself. She recently filmed the Roman Polanski film "Carnage," which features a scene that is not for the faint-hearted. The actress said her son and daughter, Mia and Joe , got to witness her shoot it. The film, which is based on the play by Yasmina Reza, "The God of Carnage," is slated for release on September 30 and follows two sets of parents who organize a "cordial" meeting after their sons are involved in a fight at school which leaves one child with broken teeth. Winslet's most recent movie, "Contagion," was on September 9. She plays an Epidemic Intelligence Service officer who works to find a pathogen and vaccine for a deadly airborne virus that is threatening to spread around the world.


Which was the first country to introduce Old Age Pensions?

Social Security History Social Security History This is an archival or historical document and may not reflect current policies or procedures. Otto von Bismarck German Chancellor 1862-1890 SSA History Archives. Germany became the first nation in the world to adopt an old-age social insurance program in 1889, designed by Germany's Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck. The idea was first put forward, at Bismarck's behest, in 1881 by Germany's Emperor, William the First, in a ground-breaking letter to the German Parliament. William wrote: ". . .those who are disabled from work by age and invalidity have a well-grounded claim to care from the state." Bismarck was motivated to introduce social insurance in Germany both in order to promote the well-being of workers in order to keep the German economy operating at maximum efficiency, and to stave-off calls for more radical socialist alternatives. Despite his impeccable right-wing credentials, Bismarck would be called a socialist for introducing these programs, as would President Roosevelt 70 years later. In his own speech to the Reichstag during the 1881 debates, Bismarck would reply: "Call it socialism or whatever you like. It is the same to me." The German system provided contributory retirement benefits and disability benefits as well. Participation was mandatory and contributions were taken from the employee, the employer and the government. Coupled with the workers' compensation program established in 1884 and the "sickness" insurance enacted the year before, this gave the Germans a comprehensive system of income security based on social insurance principles. (They would add unemployment insurance in 1927, making their system complete.) One persistent myth about the German            program is that it adopted age 65 as the standard retirement            age because that was Bismarck's age. This myth is important            because Germany was one of the models America looked to            in designing its own Social Security plan; and the myth            is that America adopted age 65 as the age for retirement            benefits because this was the age adopted by Germany when            they created their program. In fact, Germany initially set            age 70 as the retirement age (and Bismarck himself was 74            at the time) and it was not until 27 years later (in 1916)            that the age was lowered to 65. By that time, Bismarck had            been dead for 18 years. Historical Links


"""Written by office boys, for office boys"" was the dismissive verdict of Lord Salisbury on which national newspaper, at the time of its foundation in 1896?"

Mail Supremacy - The New Yorker Mail Supremacy The newspaper that rules Britain. By Lauren Collins The Daily Mail has 4.5 million readers. One editor says, “The paper’s defining ideology is that Britain has gone to the dogs.”CreditIllustration by Harry Campbell On Thursday, January 19th, the front page of the Daily Mail carried a story about Sir Fred Goodwin, the former chief executive of the Royal Bank of Scotland. During Goodwin’s tenure, from 2000 to 2008, R.B.S. quadrupled its assets, became the fifth-largest bank in the world, and then failed spectacularly, at a cost to British taxpayers of seventy billion dollars. The Mail illustrated the piece with a large photograph of Goodwin. He was dressed in hunting gear, with a shotgun hanging over the crook of his left elbow. “Reviled: Sir Fred Goodwin,” the caption read. Any further doubt about the Mail’s stance was relieved by the headline: “ STRIP FRED ’ OF TAINTED KNIGHTHOOD DEMAND MPS .” The exclusive story, the latest in a series of unflattering pieces about Goodwin, revealed that Prime Minister David Cameron was “sympathetic” to the idea that the honor should be revoked. Two weeks later, Goodwin became the only Knight Bachelor in memory to lose his commission without having been censured by a professional body or convicted of a criminal offense. “Fred Goodwin joined the ranks of Robert Mugabe and Nicolae Ceausescu last night when his knighthood was removed by order of the Queen,” the Mail announced. The Mail is the most powerful newspaper in Great Britain. A middle-market tabloid, with a daily readership of four and a half million, it reaches four times as many people as the Guardian, while being taken more seriously than the one paper that outsells it, the Sun. In January, its Web arm, Mail Online, surpassed that of the New York Times as the most visited newspaper site in the world, drawing fifty-two million unique visitors a month. The Mail’s closest analogue in the American media is perhaps Fox News. In Britain, unlike in the United States, television tends to be a dignified affair, while print is berserk and shouty. The Mail is like Fox in the sense that it speaks to, and for, the married, car-driving, homeowning, conservative-voting suburbanite, but it is unlike Fox in that it is not slavishly approving of any political party. One editor told me, “The paper’s defining ideology is that Britain has gone to the dogs.” Nor is the Mail easy to resist. Last year, its lawyers shut down a proxy site that allowed liberals to browse Mail Online without bumping up its traffic. The Mail presents itself as the defender of traditional British values, the voice of an overlooked majority whose opinions inconvenience the agendas of metropolitan élites. To its detractors, it is the Hate Mail, goading the worst curtain-twitching instincts of an island nation, or the Daily Fail, fuelling paranoia about everything from immigration to skin conditions. (“ WITHIN A DAY OF HIS ECZEMA BEING INFECTED, MARC WAS DEAD ,” a recent headline warned.) A Briton’s view of the Mail is a totemic indicator of his sociopolitical orientation, the dinner-party signal for where he stands on a host of other matters. In 2010, a bearded, guitar-strumming band called Dan & Dan had a YouTube hit with “The Daily Mail Song,” which, so far, has been viewed more than 1.3 million times. “Bring back capital punishment for pedophiles / Photo feature on schoolgirl skirt styles / Binge Britain! Single Mums! / Pensioners! Hoodie Scum!” Dan sings. “It’s absolutely true because I read it in the Daily Mail.” The Mail is less a parody of itself than a parody of the parody, its rectitudinousness cancelling out others’ ridicule to render a middlebrow juggernaut that can slay knights and sway Prime Ministers. In 2000, Tony Blair wrote a memo to his advisers (it later leaked) in which he pinpointed some “touchstone issues” that he wanted to address immediately. They were: the family (“we need two or three eye-catching initiatives that are entirely conventional in terms of their attitude”); asylum (“where we are perceived as so


What's the common name for the curved knife or dagger traditionally used by the Gurkhas, with its sharp edge on the concave side?

Swords / Useful Notes - TV Tropes — Fighter, 8-Bit Theater Before the times of gunpowder and rifles, swords were an important weapon for professional soldiers such as knights, men-at-arms, mercenaries and state armies. The crafting of these weapons were of vital importance to any nation-state that wanted to maintain a standing army. While the concept of a sword is pretty ubiquitous, several different types of this common weapon were crafted with much of the difference based on regions. While swords have largely been replaced in modern armies by firearms and other weapons, the allure of the blade is still alive today. Just see Katanas Are Just Better . This is a Useful Notes page to give some background info on that marvelous weapon of yesteryear, the sword. For thoughts on using them, see our European Swordsmanship and Kenjutsu pages. Sword Design There are two components a sword needs to have: a handle (the "hilt") and a blade. Many swords also have a "crossguard", which protects the hand of the wielder; the exact shape of the crossguard can vary wildly from weapon to weapon (contrast the C-shaped basket hilts on a backsword to the little oval "tsuba" on a katana). Finally, many swords have a "pommel", which is the metal knob on the end of the hilt. This pommel is often weighted for better balance; it also has something to do with how the sword is built. Generally the blade has a tail on the end, a "tang," around which the hilt is constructed. The tang often extends past the length of the pommel and is then "peened" down and over, creating a physical seal that keeps the sword in one piece. (The TV show Highlander notwithstanding, basically the last thing you want in a fight is for the blade to go flying away.) How thick the tang is and how it's peened thus has a lot to do with a sword's durability, and modern sword enthusiasts will inspect a specimen carefully to figure out how it was built. Both European and Asian weapons have been developed through centuries of martial tradition, and along with them various techniques to use them effectively, responding to changes in the combat environment as they occur. In other words, there has been an evolution of sword design through the ages, not just because smiths got better at making swords but because of the ongoing Lensman Arms Race between weaponsmiths and armorers, each seeking to create a tool that would conquer the other's offering. Consequently, examining the design of a sword—what it was meant to do, and how it was meant to do it—will tell you a lot about how war was waged by its wielders. Cutting motions are of limited use against metal armor. To get through to someone who is clad in steel, you'll really need more of a stab, or a thrust; this was true even in the days of maillenote calling it "chain mail" is redundant, as there is no such thing as non-chain mail. You can have scales over mail, or plate over mail, or even splinted mail which has integrated plates, but all of these involve chain. and only grew worse as full plate armor was layered over it. Alternatively, one could also cause injury through armour using sheer blunt force trauma, as even a man fully clad in steel was susceptible to being stunned by a steel mace swung directly at their helmeted head. That said, in early periods such as Viking Age Europe you would probably find that most non-elite combatants didn't wear any metal armor besides a helmet, and relied mostly on their shields, meaning that a sword that could cut well was still very useful. By the 15th century, full plate armour (made of hardened and spring-tempered steel plates) was commonplace in Western Europe; thus, impetus was placed on the development of weaponry that could defeat a man wearing such pieces of armour without sacrificing versatility. The pollaxe was one such weapon that demonstrates this focus, combining an axe head with both a spear point and a hammerhead on a 5-6 foot wooden shaft. Swords in particular had their blades made narrower and stiffer and their grips lengthened in order to accommodate the use of both hands for a m


In which building were the Proms held before World War II?

the proms - 必应 Sign in The Proms The 2013 season celebrated the 200th anniversary of Richard Wagner's birth, featuring concert performances of seven of his thirteen operas, including an entire performance of Der Ring des Nibelungen in one week conducted by Daniel Barenboim. 2014 season[edit] This section requires expansion. (August 2014)  The 2014 season had a number of pieces in commemoration of the 100 year anniversary of the outbreak of World War I, including the premier of the first violin concerto "1914" by Gabriel Prokofiev and "Requiem Fragments" by John Tavener. Also ... (展开) performed were "War Elegy" by Ivor Gurney, and Benjamin Britten's "War Requiem". There were special proms for younger children (The Cbeebies prom), a staging of Kiss Me, Kate, and a concert inspired by the World War I-era War Horse, featuring puppets from the play. The late night proms season included performances by the Pet Shop Boys and Paloma Faith . Composers having special attention included Sir Harrison Birtwistle, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (both celebrating their 80th birthdays in 2014), William Walton and Richard Strauss.   A panorama of the 2015 season of The Proms, with the seats behind the orchestra half-and-half with choral members and audience.  2015 season[edit] Themes for the 2015 season include piano music, and works by Carl Nielsen and Jean Sibelius. The Late Night Proms included collaborations with BBC Asian Network (Prom 8), Radio 1 (Prom 16, featuring dance music hits from the past 20 years) and Radio 1Xtra (Prom 37, which featured grime artists Stormzy, Wretch 32, Little Simz and others). 3 2719 The PromsLast Night of the Proms Many people's perception of the Proms is taken from the Last Night, although this concert is very different from the others. It usually takes place on the second Saturday in September, and is broadcast in the UK on BBC Radio 3, and on BBC2 (first half) and BBC1 (second half). The concert is traditio... 视频在优酷上：http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTAwNjExODQw.html我很喜欢这首，想找全曲，盼高手告诉我曲名，感激不尽！我愿将我珍藏的1G Mp3送给你！ 答 来自 百度知道 2009-06-23 3 "edward elgar - pomp and circumstance march no 1 - last night of the proms 2000 (bbc symphony orchestra) mp3" 本结果选自710项相关网络资源 Many people's perception of the Proms is taken from the Last Night, although this concert is very different from the others. It usually takes place on the second Saturday in September, and is broadcast in the UK on BBC Radio 3, and on BBC2 (first half) and BBC1 (second half). The concert is traditio... Origins and Sir Henry Wood Promenade concerts had existed in London's pleasure gardens since the mid 18th century, and indoor proms became a feature of 19th century musical life in London from 1838, notably under the direction of Louis Antoine Jullien and Sir Arthur Sullivan. The annual series of Proms continuing today had their roots in that movement. They were inaugurated on 10 August 1895 in the Queen's Hall in Langham Place by the impresario Robert Newman, who was fully experienced in running similar concerts at His Majesty's Theatre. Newman wished to generate a wider audience for concert hall music by offering low ticket prices and an informal atmosphere, where eating, drinking and smoking were permitted to the promenaders. He stated his aim to Henry Wood in 1894 as follows: I am going to run nightly concerts and train the public by easy stages. Popular at first, gradually raising the standard until I have created a public for classical and modern music. Dr George Cathcart, an otolaryngologist, gave financial backing to Newman for the series (called "Mr Robert Newman's Promenade Concerts") on condition that Henry Wood be employed as the sole conductor. Wood, aged 26, seized this opportunity and built the "Queen's Hall Orchestra" as the ensemble specially devoted to performing the promenade concerts. Dr. Cathcart also stipulated (contrary to Newman's preference) the adoption of French or Open Diapason concert pitch, necessitating the acquisition of an entirely new set of wind instruments for the orchestra, and the re-tuning of the Queen's Hall org


Which of the territories of Canada has the city of Yellowknife as its capital?

Yellowknife | Northwest Territories, Canada | Britannica.com Northwest Territories, Canada Yellowknife, city and capital (since 1967) of Northwest Territories , northwestern Canada . It lies on the north shore of Great Slave Lake , 5 miles (8 km) south of the mouth of the Yellowknife River. Yellowknife, on the Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Can. George Hunter It was founded in 1935, one year after gold was discovered in the area, and derived its name from the Yellowknife band of Athabascan Indians. During the early years of World War II , the demand for gold declined, and the city’s economy suffered. Following a second major gold discovery in 1945, several large mines were in operation, although the last one closed in the early 21st century. Reserves of diamonds discovered in the surrounding region have been mined since the mid-1990s. In addition, tourism is of growing importance to the local economy. Power is provided in part by a hydroelectric station on the nearby Snare River. Buildings of central Yellowknife, southern Northwest Territories, Canada. Trevor MacInnis The city is the largest community and the chief administrative, commercial, and educational centre in the territories. Yellowknife is linked by highway around the lake southward to Hay River and to cities in Alberta . In winter these roads are supplemented by roadways across the frozen lake. Inc. city, 1970. Pop. (2006) 18,700; (2011) 19,234. Public ice road on Great Slave Lake near Yellowknife, southern Northwest Territories, Canada. James Reeve/Corbis


Who wrote the melody of the song 'Swonderful'?

Ella Fitzgerald ~ 'S Wonderful - YouTube Ella Fitzgerald ~ 'S Wonderful Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Feb 6, 2012 'S Wonderful is a popular song composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics written by Ira Gershwin. It was introduced in the Broadway musical Funny Face (1927) The song was included in the 1951 movie An American in Paris where it was sung by Gene Kelly, as well as in the 1957 American musical film Funny Face, in which it was performed by Audrey Hepburn and Fred Astaire and in Starlift (1951) by Doris Day. This version is by Ella Fitzgerald and is taken from the album Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Songbook (1959) Category


Which British opera venue was used as a dance hall during World War II?

History — Royal Opera House The Royal Opera House entrance on Bow Street © ROH 2012 The Royal Opera was formed as the Covent Garden Opera Company in 1946, but behind it lies a tradition of operatic performance which goes back for more than 260 years at its home in Covent Garden. In each of the three theatres there have been on the site since 1732, opera has played an important role. The present theatre was built in 1858. During World War II it was used as a dance hall but after the war the idea of public subsidy of the arts was accepted and the decision was made to establish the Royal Opera House as the permanent year-round home of the opera and ballet companies now known as The Royal Opera and The Royal Ballet. It was the ballet company which reopened the building on 20 February 1946 with The Sleeping Beauty. The two Companies combined for Purcell’s The Fairy Queen that December, and on 14 January 1947, Covent Garden Opera Company gave its first complete opera performance, Bizet’s Carmen. The man appointed to run the new theatre was David Webster. His period as General Administrator coincided with the first three Music Directors of the opera company: Karl Rankl (1946–51), Rafael Kubelík (1955–8) and Georg Solti (1961–71). The Rankl period was principally one of establishing the Company and saw the beginnings of the careers of many British singers, including Charles Craig, Geraint Evans and Michael Langdon. This process continued throughout the 1950s and 1960s, with Covent Garden playing a large part in the development of performers such as Amy Shuard, Joan Sutherland, Josephine Veasey and Jon Vickers. Under Kubelík especially there was a considerable emphasis on the idea of an ensemble company, but internationally famous singers regularly appeared as guests: Kirsten Flagstad and Hans Hotter in Wagner; Maria Callas in a variety of roles, culminating in the legendary Franco Zeffirelli production of Tosca in 1964; Birgit Nilsson; Elisabeth Schwarzkopf; Boris Christoff; Tito Gobbi and Ramon Vinay. Guest conductors included Maria Giulini, Rudolf Kempe and Otto Klemperer. Among the producers and designers who worked at Covent Garden during this time, two Italians were especially notable – Zeffirelli and Luchino Visconti. As well as his Tosca, Zeffirelli also produced the 1959 Lucia di Lammermoor that took Joan Sutherland to international stardom. Later productions included distinguished stagings of Rigoletto, Falstaff and the double bill of Cavalleria rusticana and Pagliacci. Visconti’s work for the opera company was based on three great Verdi operas: the 1958 centenary production of Don Carlos and later stagings of Il trovatore and La traviata. He also mounted at Covent Garden an art nouveau Der Rosenkavalier. Much of this work carried over into the Solti era, but it was with his arrival as Music Director in 1961 that the Company took its place as one of the world’s leading opera companies. During his time, international awareness of Covent Garden and its singers grew considerably, a process confirmed by the success of the Company’s tour to Munich and West Berlin in 1970. The Solti period saw numerous developments in the Company’s repertoire and performing style. Of particular importance was the number of new productions of operas by Richard Strauss conducted by Solti himself, including Der Rosenkavalier, Die Frau ohne Schatten, Arabella and Salome. It was during this period in 1968 that the Company became The Royal Opera. Solti continued a fruitful association with The Royal Opera and in 1992 was created Music Director Laureate on the occasion of his 80th birthday. He conducted the very last operatic music to be heard in the theatre at a Farewell Gala marking its closure for redevelopment in July 1997. He died the following September. In 1970 Webster retired to be succeeded by John Tooley, and the following year Colin Davis took over as Music Director. This new partnership succeeded in maintaining the Company’s place in the top league of international houses. The world’s leading singers appeared regularly with guest conduct


What was the original name of the 'London Times' newspaper?

The Times & The Sunday Times Protesters mass ahead of Trump’s presidency America split as almost 1m attend inauguration Donald Trump flew to Washington yesterday to take the oath of office in a city braced for the biggest demonstrations against a new US president since the Vietnam war. As many as 900,000 people are expected to descend on the US capital today — both wellwishers and protesters — to mark the passing...Donald Trump flew to Washington yesterday to take the oath of office in a city braced for the biggest demonstrations against a new US president since the Vietnam war. As many as 900,000 people are expected to descend on the US capital today — both wellwishers and protesters — to mark the passing...Donald Trump flew to Washington yesterday to take the oath of office in a city braced for the biggest demonstrations against a... Bank dispute means more cash machines could charge Bank customers face being charged to use thousands of cash machines as lenders argue over the future of a deal that has allowed access to the ATM networks of rivals without having to pay. Nearly 40 banks and ATM providers will meet next week to discuss how to resolve a dispute on so-called interchange fees that lenders must pay to one...Bank customers face being charged to use thousands of cash machines as lenders argue over the future of a deal that has allowed access to the ATM networks of rivals without having to pay. Nearly 40 banks and ATM providers will meet next week to discuss how to resolve a dispute on so-called interchange fees that lenders must pay to one...Bank customers face being charged to use thousands of cash machines as lenders argue over the future of a deal that has allowed... Scans give new hope to prostate cancer sufferers Thousands of lives will be saved after a landmark study found that MRI scans are twice as effective at spotting prostate cancer as biopsies. The NHS watchdog is now reviewing whether diagnosis guidelines for the condition should be changed. Up to 100,000 men a year are suspected of having Britain’s most common...Thousands of lives will be saved after a landmark study found that MRI scans are twice as...Thousands of lives will be saved after a landmark study found that MRI scans are twice as... Special relationship helps rowers beat Atlantic record Sleep-deprived to the point of hallucination, they battled visions of being attacked by old ladies as they raced across 3,000 miles of uninterrupted seas and all that the elements threw at them. By Wednesday night the British rowers Angus Collins...Sleep-deprived to the point of hallucination, they battled visions of being attacked by old...Sleep-deprived to the point of hallucination, they battled visions of being attacked by old... Britons among world’s worst for drinking in pregnancy British women are more likely to drink alcohol while pregnant than mothers-to-be in most other countries in the world, a study has found. The UK has one of the highest rates of foetal alcohol syndrome, the leading known cause...British women are more likely to drink alcohol while pregnant than mothers-to-be in most other countries in the world, a study has found. The UK has one of the highest rates of foetal alcohol syndrome, the leading known cause...British women are more likely to drink alcohol while pregnant than mothers-to-be in most other countries in the world... Shortage of nurses in hospitals ‘putting patients at risk’ Almost every NHS hospital has dangerously few nurses on wards and staff shortages are worsening, analysis of official figures shows. Healthcare assistants are filling in for qualified nurses in a trend that experts warned would...Almost every NHS hospital has dangerously few nurses on wards and staff shortages are worsening, analysis of official figures shows. Healthcare assistants are filling in for qualified nurses in a trend that experts warned would...Almost every NHS hospital has dangerously few nurses on wards and staff shortages are worsening, analysis of official... Single-sex schools stay top of the class The number of private single-sex sc


"Which actress said in the film All About Eve, ""Fasten your seatbelts. It's going to be a bumpy night""?"

All About Eve: it’s going to be a bumpy night! – Girls Do Film June 28, 2015 All About Eve: it’s going to be a bumpy night! Whilst researching one of my favourite scenes from one of my favourite movies, I was scandalised, shocked and outraged to discover that it regularly ranks amongst the most misquoted . Apparently, lesser mortals fail to match Bette Davis’s effortless, defiant and disdainful delivery of All About Eve’s classic line ‘Fasten your seatbelts, it’s going to be a bumpy night’. In fact, they dare to replace ‘night’ with ‘ride’. What would Bette think? Well if Margot Channing, her character in the film is anything to go by, she’d probably offer those naïve fools ‘a milkshake’. But perhaps they should be forgiven. Not to give the line (and Davies’s delivery) less than it’s due, but it sits within a wonderfully accomplished and articulate dialogue, written by Joseph L. Mankiewicz (who also directed the film). Every scene is filled with cutting and witty asides that perfectly capture ‘theatre folk’ and their preoccupations. So, in a film filled with perfection (the critic Richard Schickel once claimed Mankiewicz was “one of the tiny handful of epigrammists that have written for the screen”) – why this particular line and the particular cocktail party scene? Firstly, this is a key scene within the movie. All the main players are present and correct, and this is the first time the viewer is able to assess how individual motivations and secret agendas fit together. Secondly, it’s Margo’s opportunity to really display just how she feels about Eve Harrington (played by Anne Baxter), timid, shy Eve who wouldn’t say boo to goose but has inserted herself rather too well in Margo’s life. The audience is already aware of Margo’s growing jealousy, but this is the first time it spills over and becomes apparent to the other characters. In the process, Mankiewicz sets up one of the movie’s central themes – the established actress who’s terrified of aging and the fledgling talent who can’t wait to take her place. At this point it’s definitely Eve we side with, but there’s always a frisson of sympathy for Margo. Those cutting put-downs and her difficult ways mask fear and paranoia – but ironically Davis was never better than in this film. Growing old suited her, as it eventually suits Margo Channing – both just have to realise that it’s an inevitability to be celebrated rather then ignored. Later, Davis recognised that the role was the greatest break at that of her career, that Mankiewicz ‘resurrected me from the dead’. A typically theatrical response from Davis, and one that could have been spoken by Channing herself. During the cocktail party scene, fork-tongued theatre critic Addison DeWitt (George Sanders) arrives with yet another youthful, luminous wannabe star, Miss Caswell (Marilyn Monroe). Margo, who has already made it clear DeWitt isn’t her favourite guest (“I distinctly remember, Addison, crossing you off my guest-list. What are you doing here?”) is cool yet Miss Caswell takes it in her stride. Monroe’s role in the film is brief but impactful and, although surrounded by actors with considerably more experience, seems to draw all the attention. In a foreshadowing of the ‘Monroe’ stereotype DeWitt steers her towards a powerful producer. “Go and do yourself some good”, he advises. She acquiesces, asking “Why do they always look like unhappy rabbits?”. Margo is left holding Miss Caswell’s opulent fur stole. ‘Amen’, she proclaims, holding her glass in toast. That bitterness speaks to us all. As Margo will observe later in the film, in a ‘softer’ moment: “There’s one career all females have in common, whether we like it or not. Sooner or later, we’ve got to work at it, no matter how many other careers we’ve had or wanted”. The universal themes of All About Eve ensure it’s enduring appeal but lets not forget that this is Mankiewicz’s masterpiece, a happy marriage of script, talent and ideas that’s a love letter to performance. Just remember: don’t yell butler. “Maybe somebody’s name is Butler…” Further reading: the script


The former Soviet republic of Tajikistan, which declared independence in 1991, has which city as its capital?

Tajikestan - definition of Tajikestan by The Free Dictionary Tajikestan - definition of Tajikestan by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Tajikestan Related to Tajikestan: Sarez Lake Tajikistan Ta·jik·i·stan also Ta·dzhik·i·stan  (tä-jĭk′ĭ-stăn′, -stän′) A country of south-central Asia. The region was settled by the Tajik before the 10th century and conquered by Mongols in the 13th century. By the mid-19th century it was divided among several weak khanates. The region was acquired by Russia by 1895 and was a constituent state of the USSR, the Tadzhik Soviet Socialist Republic, from 1929 to 1991, when it declared its independence. Dushanbe is the capital and the largest city. Tajikistan Tadjikistan n (Placename) a republic in central Asia: under Uzbek rule from the 15th century until taken over by Russia in the 1860s, it became an autonomous Soviet republic in 1929 and gained full independence from the Soviet Union in 1991; it is mainly mountainous. Official language: Tajik or Tajiki. Religion: believers are mainly Muslim. Currency: somoni. Capital: Dushanbe. Pop: 7 910 041 (2013 est). Area: 143 100 sq km (55 240 sq miles) Ta•jik•i•stan or Ta•dzik•i•stan (təˈdʒɪk əˌstæn, -ˌdʒi kə) n. a republic in S central Asia, S of Kyrgyzstan: a former constituent republic of the U.S.S.R. 6,102,854; 55,240 sq.mi. (143,100 sq.km). Cap.: Dushanbe. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Tajikistan - a landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia to the north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian soviet capital of Tajikistan , Dusanbe , Dushanbe , Dyushambe , Stalinabad - the capital of Tajikistan; formerly Stalinabad 1926-1991 Asia - the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations Communism Peak , Mount Communism , Mount Garmo , Stalin Peak - the highest mountain peak in the Pamir Mountains; near the Chinese border in northeastern Tajikistan (24,590 feet high) Pamir Mountains , the Pamirs - a mountain range in central Asia that is centered in Tajikistan but extends into Kyrgyzstan and Afghanistan and Pakistan and western China Tadzhik , Tajik - a native or inhabitant of Tajikistan and neighboring areas of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and China Translations


In the pop music world whose nickname is 'Madge'?

It’s a madge, madge, madge world | New York Post New York Post Madonna Tom Munro The triple-play cover of her new single. (PR NEWSWIRE) When Madonna takes the stage tonight in Indianapolis at Super Bowl XLVI, the original Material Girl will be delivering what may end up being the most important 12 minutes and 40 seconds of her career. On a stage that has recently showcased U2, Bruce Springsteen, Paul McCartney and the Rolling Stones, she’ll be vying for the one thing that has eluded her over the past decade — relevance. At a time when Lady Gaga, “American Idol” and “Glee” have captured the imagination of the broad pop audience, Madonna’s making the one move few people expected of her. She’s playing it safe. At the age of 53, fitter and sexier than many women decades younger, Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone, the best-selling female artist of all time, who’s made a career of enraging traditional old white men the world over, will be playing to a stadium filled with exactly that. And if she can’t persuade the gridiron crowd, she’s not going to miss a chance to remind the rest of us that she’s here to claw back to her rightful place in the spotlight. Look at the last few weeks — it’s been nothing but an unrelenting onslaught of pure Madonna. “If I’m still just like a virgin, Ricky, then why don’t you come over here and do something about it?” Madonna quipped at the Golden Globes last month after her win for Best Original Song. “I haven’t kissed a girl in a few years — on TV.” It was the opening salvo in a months-long campaign to hype her new movie, “W.E.,” a retro biopic she directed and financed about the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, and her 12th studio album, “MDNA,” featuring new material for the first time in four years. The movie arrived in theaters Friday. The record is due March 26. On Thursday, she unveiled the video for her new single, “Give Me All Your Luvin’,” on “American Idol.” And tomorrow she’s likely to announce tour dates for her next world jaunt, part of the $40 million recording and touring deal she signed with Interscope and Live Nation in December. There’s also her new clothing line (Material Girl), fragrance (Truth or Dare), YouTube channel (Madonna), charity work in Malawi (Raising Malawi) and 24-year-old muscular French boyfriend (Brahim Zaibat). And the biggest commercial she’ll ever make — expected to reach some 100 million viewers — to sell all of these things will air some time in the 8 o’clock hour tonight. With the assistance of rappers M.I.A. and Nicki Minaj, pop duo LMFAO and Cirque du Soleil, she’ll play a set heavy with past hits such as “Vogue” and “Ray of Light.” It’s going to be huge. But don’t expect wardrobe malfunctions or burning crosses — because the NFL is calling most of the shots. “Madonna’s a performance artist, always has been,” says her business partner, Guy Oseary. “She’s known for being quite detail-oriented, all the way from the sparkles on someone’s shoes to the way someone’s hair looks in the background. She doesn’t miss a beat. It’s not in Madonna’s DNA to be limited. But like everything, she likes a challenge. This is definitely not a Madonna show. It’s the Super Bowl.” Playing on the borderline of propriety is a notoriously Madonna-esque trait. Case in point, her seductive stage crawl in a wedding dress and crucifix at the 1984 MTV Video Awards. But in the post-Janet Jackson era, the NFL has no interest in making any kind of historic statement. It’s clear that every move she makes tonight will have been vetted, despite Oseary’s sarcastic take on the situation. “We decided to go all in the nude,” he jokes. “Everyone. Even management. It’s a deal we all made with the NFL. They’re quite up for that this year.” But when pressed, he says that in truth, the performance will showcase why Madonna deserves to be back on top after being out of the public eye while Gaga and a new generation of stars dominated headlines. “Gaga’s meteoric rise has helped fuel the return of the original, as Madonna enters a sort of Streisand ‘Yentl’-meets-Cher ‘Believe’ phase,” says Village Voice col


Which British engineer built the first turbine driven steamship in 1897?

Steamship | Article about steamship by The Free Dictionary Steamship | Article about steamship by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/steamship Related to steamship: steamship line steamship, watercraft propelled by a steam engine or a steam turbine. Early Steam-powered Ships Marquis Claude de Jouffroy d'Abbans is generally credited with the first experimentally successful application of steam power to navigation; in 1783 his Pyroscaphe ran against the current of the Saone River for 15 min, although the boiler could not generate enough steam for extended operations. In 1787 a steamboat built by James Rumsey of Maryland was demonstrated on the Potomac River; propelled by a stream of water forced out of the stern by steam pressure, the vessel attained a speed of 4 mi (6.4 km) per hr. Rumsey received a grant to navigate the waters of New York, Maryland, and Virginia. In 1790, John Fitch, who had previously built several successful steamboats, one of which operated in 1787, built a vessel capable of 8 mi (12.9 km) per hr which plied the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Burlington, N.J. Other early American steamboat inventors were Samuel Morey, Nathan Read, and John Stevens. In 1807, Robert Fulton launched the Clermont, 150 ft (46 m) long and powered by a Boulton and Watt steam engine. It ran from New York City to Albany (150 mi/241 km) in 32 hr and made the return trip in 30 hr. On the other side of the Atlantic, the Scotsman Henry Bell launched the Comet in 1812. Oceangoing Steamships The first ocean crossing by a steam-propelled vessel was in 1819, when the Savannah voyaged from Savannah, Ga., to Liverpool in 29 days, 11 hr. It was a full-rigged sailing ship fitted with engines and side paddlewheels; during the crossing the engines were in use for about 85 hr. The first crossing under steam power alone was made in 1838, when two British steamship companies sent rival ships to New York within a few days of each other; the Great Western made the trip in 15 days, arriving a few hours after the Sirius, which had left England 4 days before her. The first seagoing vessel to be fitted with a screw propeller was the Archimedes (1840); the Great Britain (1845) was the first large iron steamship driven by a screw propeller to cross the Atlantic. By the late 1850s the screw propeller was conceded to be superior to paddlewheels, and the steamship began to supplant the sailing ship. In 1881 the Servia, a merchant steamer capable of crossing the Atlantic in 7 days, was the first vessel to be constructed of steel. Seven years later the Philadelphia, the first twin-screw steamship, was built at Glasgow. Era of the Ocean Liners Great liners propelled by engines of 28,000 or more horsepower began plying the Atlantic on regular schedules in the late 1800s. During the 1880s Sir Charles A. Parsons and C. G. P. de Laval developed the steam turbine, and the Turbinia, the first vessel to be driven by a turbine, was first seen in 1897. Within 10 years several turbine-driven liners were in the Atlantic service. Although multiple cylinders were added to reciprocating engines to take full advantage of the steam's expansion, within a decade the steam turbine virtually eliminated the older reciprocating steam engine on major vessels; the great transatlantic liners, such as the Queen Mary (launched 1934), the Queen Elizabeth (1938), and the United States (1951), were all turbine-powered. In 1955 the first nuclear-powered ship, in which the heat generated by nuclear fission is used to create the necessary steam, was launched. Nuclear-powered commercial vessels like the Savannah (launched in 1958 but since laid up) proved to be uneconomical because of the high cost of nuclear-power systems and environmental concerns; however, most large naval vessels are powered by nuclear steam plants. The Demise of the Steamship Despite such innovations as turbo-electric drive, which converts steam energy into rotational power for turning the propeller shafts, commercial steamships have today given way to diesel-powered ships, which co


What was the name of the publishing company founded in 1917 by Leonard and Virginia Wolfe?

Hogarth Press - Modernism Lab Essays Hogarth Press Jump to: navigation , search Woolf, Virginia and Vanessa Bell (Illustrator). 'Mrs. Dalloway'. Richmond: Hogarth Press, 1925. Source: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/dl_crosscollex/brbldl/oneITEM.asp?pid=2014006&iid=1058717&srchtype= 5 Conclusion Establishing Hogarth Sitting at tea on her thirty-third birthday, Virginia and Leonard Woolf agreed on three resolutions: they would purchase Hogarth House in Richmond, procure a handpress to do their own printing, and buy a bull dog, whom they would name John. [1] There is no further mention in Woolf’s diaries of John the bulldog, but they soon bought Hogarth House and two years later, they purchased a handpress, thereby merging their home and a small-scale letterpress studio into the Hogarth Press. After Leonard and Virginia were rejected from the St. Bride’s school of printing because they were not trade union apprentices, they visited Excelsior Printing Supply Co., where they found the machines and materials required for printing. Leonard describes the scene in his autobiography: “Nearly all the implements of printing are materially attractive, and we stared through the window at them rather like two hungry children gazing at buns and cakes in a baker shop window.” [2]   They explained their predicament to the shop owner, who encouraged them to pursue printing without taking an apprenticeship course; he sold the Woolfs a printing machine, type, chases, and cases, along with a 16-page pamphlet that would “infallibly” teach them how to print. It was not until April of 1917 that the press and the typecases were delivered to Hogarth House. “We unpacked it,” she wrote to her sister Vanessa Bell, “with enormous excitement, finally with Nelly’s help, carried it into the drawing room, set it on its stand—and discovered that it was smashed in half!” [3]   While they waited for their handpress to be repaired, they began distributing the type to be properly stored in the typecases. Virginia wrote that sorting out type was “the work of ages, especially when you mix the h’s with the n’s, as I did yesterday." The infinite patience and meticulousness required for letterpress printing, however, did not discourage Virginia; rather, she concluded from these preliminaries, “real printing will devour one’s entire life.” Virginia recounted in her letter that after two hours of typesetting, Leonard “heaved a terrific sigh” and said: “’I wish to God we’d never bought the cursed thing.’ To my relief, though not surprise, he added ‘Because I shall never do anything else.’ You can’t think how exciting, soothing, ennobling and satisfying it is" (Woolf, Virginia 2:151). The book arts were not wholly unknown to Virginia; beginning at the age of nineteen, she bound her own books. Thus, at least from her nineteenth year, Virginia had a practical knowledge of bookbinding that complimented her appreciation of books as a reader, novelist, and literary essayist. Woolf’s bookbinding skills—which she continued during the flourishing years of the Hogarth Press—contributed to her favorable inclination, as J.H. Willis argues, towards Leonard’s birthday proposition of purchasing a printing press. Willis explains: “Collecting books, conversing with sellers of old books, reading for hours in a library, writing at a stand-up desk, or hand binding books…doesn’t lead inexorably to a handpress and a publishing venture at age thirty-three, but these experiences must have predisposed Virginia Woolf to the idea of a press and partly determined what sort of printing and binding she would do with Leonard” (Willis 8) Woolf, Virginia and Vanessa Bell (Illustrator). 'On Being Ill'. London: Hogarth Press, 1930. Source: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/dl_crosscollex/brbldl/oneITEM.asp?pid=2014006&iid=1058717&srchtype= Leonard recalled that one of the major reasons for beginning the Hogarth Press was to publish small books that would otherwise have little chance


"In the 1933 film She Done Him Wrong, who was the actor to whom Mae West said, ""Why don't you come up sometime and see me""?"

She Done Him Wrong (1933) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error She Done Him Wrong ( 1933 ) Approved | In the Gay Nineties, a seductive nightclub singer contends with several suitors, including a jealous escaped convict and a handsome temperance league member. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 49 titles created 24 Sep 2011 a list of 25 titles created 05 Dec 2011 a list of 47 titles created 28 Aug 2013 a list of 23 titles created 15 Jul 2014 a list of 46 titles created 10 months ago Title: She Done Him Wrong (1933) 6.5/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Oscar. Another    2 wins. See more awards  » Photos Circus performer Tira seeks a better life pursuing the company of wealthy New York men with improbable comic complications along the way. Director: Wesley Ruggles Rightly suspected of illicit relations with the Masked Bandit, Flower Belle Lee is run out of Little Bend. On the train she meets con man Cuthbert J. Twillie and pretends to marry him for "... See full summary  » Director: Edward F. Cline Carlton Rose, a girl known as "the Frisco Doll" escapes to Alaska after accidentally killing her guard. Director: Raoul Walsh Former dance hall queen Cleo Borden, newly rich, falls for and pursues an upper-crust Englishman. Director: Alexander Hall A director puts on what may be his last Broadway show and, at the last moment, a naive newcomer has to replace the star. Director: Lloyd Bacon A wealthy composer rescues unemployed Broadway performers with a new play. Director: Mervyn LeRoy Wrongly convicted James Allen serves in the intolerable conditions of a southern chain gang, which later comes back to haunt him. Director: Mervyn LeRoy A cabaret singer takes up with a millionaire to pay for her gravely ill husband's operation. Director: Josef von Sternberg Unfounded suspicions lead a married couple to begin divorce proceedings, whereupon they start undermining each other's attempts to find new romance. Director: Leo McCarey A Chinese warlord and an engaged Christian missionary fall in love. Director: Frank Capra When Stan and Ollie trick their wives into thinking that they are taking a medicinal cruise while they're actually going to a convention, the wives find out the truth the hard way. Director: William A. Seiter A newspaper man, his jilted fiancée, and his lawyer hatch an elaborate scheme to turn a false news story into the truth, before a high-society woman can sue for libel. Director: Jack Conway Edit Storyline New York singer and nightclub owner Lady Lou has more men friends than you can imagine, unfortunately one of them is a vicious criminal who's escaped and is on the way to see "his" girl, not realizing she hasn't exactly been faithful in his absence. Help is at hand in the form of young Captain Cummings, a local temperance league leader, though. Written by Col Needham <col@imdb.com> 9 February 1933 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Mono (Western Electric Noiseless Recording) Color: Mae West was sewn into most of her costumes. See more » Goofs Lou's hands are at her side when she starts the "Frankie and Johnny" song, but on her hips in the next cut when seen from behind. See more » Quotes Featured in Vito  (2011) See more » Soundtracks (ca 1768) (uncredited) Traditional German folksong Part of a medley of music in the opening scenes, played by a quartet of trumpet players (USA) – See all my reviews Well here it islegendary blonde-bombshell Mae West's smash hit screen version of her smash hit stage play Diamond Lil! It is a fine film to be sure. This movie has been selected by the American Film Institute as one of the best black and white movies of all time (it has also been recognized by other organizations like-wise). Mae is fantastic in this comedy/drama about the escap


Which northern English town is associated with the manufacture of Uncle Joe's Mint Balls?

Manchester Foods | Movies & TV | Foods | Art | Literature | Comedy | Architecture | History | Interviews | Competitions | Subscribe | pride          of manchester -          manchester food and drink Manchester is a region rich with local specialities. From Bury's famous Black Pudding to Eccles' puff pastry and currant cake, or        from Wigan's Uncle Joes mint balls to Manchester's fruity Vimto        drink... there's loads of products and recipes to tickle your taste        buds. On these pages we celebrate the best of the region, and also        profile the top chefs from Greater Manchester.


"Who wrote the melody of the song 'Smoke Gets In your Eyes""?"

Smoke Gets in Your Eyes - The Platters | Song Info | AllMusic Smoke Gets in Your Eyes google+ Song Review               by Stephen Thomas Erlewine "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" is a virtual definition of a pop standard. Written by Jerome Kern and Otto Harbach in the 1930s, the graceful ballad has a velvet melody that slowly unfurls, just as the song slowly reveals that you know what true love is when it feels like smoke gets in your eyes. It says that in a considerably more poetic fashion, and the melody and lyric are so elegant, it became a favorite of vocalists throughout the mid-20th century. Perhaps the best known of these versions was by the Platters, who brought the song to number one early in 1959. Their version is truly marvelous, thanks in large part to Tony Williams' rich lead vocal and arranger David Carroll's lush orchestration. This is the song at its pop pinnacle, but it also works very well with jazz singers, as Sarah Vaughan's take illustrates. "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" wasn't performed with frequency in the last 25 years of the 20th century, and in that sense, it's not a lot different from many of the pop songs of its time. Nevertheless, it lives on in all of its numerous versions as a wonderfully romantic song that sounds like falling in love itself. Appears On


Dis and Orcus are alternative names for which Roman god of the Underworld?

Orcus, Roman God Orcus, Roman God Posted by: Occult World in Roman Gods O November 6, 2012 0 Views Either an ancient Roman god of the Underworld or an alternative name for Dis, the primary Roman god of this land of the dead. Some scholars believe that Orcus has no individual identity. Others argue from existing evidence that Orcus was the bringer of death, rather than a king of the dead, as was Dis. Orcus was sometimes shown as a reaper, cutting down the corn with his scythe, in sculptures and paintings on pottery. Pluto was another euphemism, or name that was safe to speak, that was sometimes used to refer to Orcus and Dis in Rome and to Hades in Greece. Last updated: July 12, 2014 at 15:33 pm


The carbonated soft drink generally known in the US as cream soda is flavoured with pods from plants of which genus?

Generic terms for soft drinks by US county Generic terms for soft drinks by US county (too old to reply) Can't say whether I'm more surprised that 'pop' is used in cities or that 'coke' is possible at all as a generic term. Nathan Sanders Can't say whether I'm more surprised that 'pop' is used in cities or that 'coke' is possible at all as a generic term. As a native Southerner who grew up calling all sodas "coke", I'm not surprised by it at all. :-) Are you also surprised by generic uses of "kleenex", "band-aid", "kool-aid", "popsicle", and "jell-o"? Can't say whether I'm more surprised that 'pop' is used in cities or that 'coke' is possible at all as a generic term. As a native Southerner who grew up calling all sodas "coke", I'm not surprised by it at all. :-) Are you also surprised by generic uses of "kleenex", "band-aid", "kool-aid", "popsicle", and "jell-o"? I don't see why he should be: they aren't really comparable to the use of 'coke' as a generic term for soda/pop. They're more like using 'coke' as a generic term for all cola drinks. Can't say whether I'm more surprised that 'pop' is used in cities or that 'coke' is possible at all as a generic term. As a native Southerner who grew up calling all sodas "coke", I'm not surprised by it at all. :-) Are you also surprised by generic uses of "kleenex", "band-aid", "kool-aid", "popsicle", and "jell-o"? I don't see why he should be: they aren't really comparable to the use of 'coke' as a generic term for soda/pop. They're more like using 'coke' as a generic term for all cola drinks. I had to look this up, because at first, I had no idea what distinction you were talking about between "cola" and "soda". So apparently, cola is the caramel color of plain basic ordinary Coca-Cola. But the color of plain basic ordinary Band-Aids is a pinkish-brown, yet a purple bandage would still be called a "band-aid". And the color of plain basic ordinary Kleenex is white, yet a neon green tissue would still be called a "kleenex". Why should the color of the plain basic ordinary instance of the brand be so crucial for categorizing sodas, but not for bandages or tissues? As someone who used "coke" to mean any soda regardless of color (including clear ones like Sprite!) and "kleenex" to mean any tissue regardless of color (even those that aren't pastel), the color simply was never relevant to me for dividing up the concepts. For me, "cola" was just a weird alternate word (like "pop") that other people used for what I referred to as "coke"; I didn't realize some people used it to refer to a specific color of coke until just now! I seem not to be the only one who thinks "cola" is not definitionally restricted by color, otherwise, the following NYT title would be fanciful, if not downright nonsensical, like talking about square circles, boiling logs, or mammalian plants: "Coke Adds a Clear Cola To Its 'New Age' Stable" http://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/15/business/company-news-coke-adds-a-cle It's not like they're even pretending to be using "clear cola" with any irony or metaphor. It seems clear they intend "clear cola" to be read straightforwardly and literally, which should be logically impossible if colas by definition can only be caramel-colored. More support for unrestricted "cola": there are over 33,000 Google hits for "orange cola", and plenty of them appear to have exactly the meaning shouldn't be possible. Can't say whether I'm more surprised that 'pop' is used in cities or that 'coke' is possible at all as a generic term. As a native Southerner who grew up calling all sodas "coke", I'm not surprised by it at all. :-) Are you also surprised by generic uses of "kleenex", "band-aid", "kool-aid", "popsicle", and "jell-o"? I don't see why he should be: they aren't really comparable to the use of 'coke' as a generic term for soda/pop. They're more like using 'coke' as a generic term for all cola drinks. I had to look this up, because at first, I had no idea what distinction you were talking about between "cola" and "soda". So apparently, cola is the caramel color of plain ba


In which US state is the town of Springfield which Simpson's creator Matt Groening has revealed was the inspiration for his fictional Springfield?

Matt Groening Reveals the Location of the Real Springfield   |   Arts & Culture | Smithsonian Contact Privacy Policy Terms of Use Matt Groening Reveals the Location of the Real Springfield Twenty-five years after The Simpsons made their TV debut, the show's creator talks about Homer's odyssey—and his own Matt Groening, creator of the Simpsons, was going to name the main character Matt, but didn't think it would go over well in a pitch meeting, so he changed the name to Bart. (The Simpsons™ and © 2009 TTCFFC All Rights Reserved) By Claudia De La Roca Smithsonian Magazine              | Subscribe May 2012 UPDATE: "The Simpsons" responded to this interview with a new chalkboard gag before the Sunday, April 15, episode proclaiming that "The true location of Springfield is in any state but yours." Check it out . From This Story [×] CLOSE Matt Groening, creator of the Simpsons, says the town the family lives in is named after Springfield, Oregon. (The Simpsons™ and © 2009 TTCFFC All Rights Reserved) Groening was going to name the main character Matt but didn't think it would go over well in a pitch meeting, so he changed the name to Bart. (The Simpsons™ and © 2009 TTCFFC All Rights Reserved) Is There A "Homer Simpson Effect" Among Scientists? Claudia De La Roca: So take us back to the Simpsons’ foundational moment. In 1987 you were waiting for a meeting with James Brooks and you started sketching. What were you thinking? Matt Groening: I had been drawing my weekly comic strip, “Life in Hell,” for about five years when I got a call from Jim Brooks, who was developing “The Tracey Ullman Show” for the brand-new Fox network. He wanted me to come in and pitch an idea for doing little cartoons on that show. I soon realized that whatever I pitched would not be owned by me, but would be owned by Fox, so I decided to keep my rabbits in “Life in Hell” and come up with something new. While I was waiting—I believe they kept me waiting for over an hour—I very quickly drew the Simpsons family. I basically drew my own family. My father’s name is Homer. My mother’s name is Margaret. I have a sister Lisa and another sister Maggie, so I drew all of them. I was going to name the main character Matt, but I didn’t think it would go over well in a pitch meeting, so I changed the name to Bart. Bart. Why? Back in high school I wrote a novel about a character named Bart Simpson. I thought it was a very unusual name for a kid at the time. I had this idea of an angry father yelling “Bart,” and Bart sounds kind of like bark—like a barking dog. I thought it would sound funny. In my novel, Bart was the son of Homer Simpson. I took that name from a minor character in the novel The Day of the Locust, by Nathanael West. Since Homer was my father’s name, and I thought Simpson was a funny name in that it had the word “simp” in it, which is short for “simpleton”—I just went with it. Did your father contribute anything besides his first name? My father was a really sharp cartoonist and filmmaker. He used to tape-record the family surreptitiously, either while we were driving around or at dinner, and in 1963 he and I made up a story about a brother and a sister, Lisa and Matt, having an adventure out in the woods with animals. I told it to my sister Lisa, and she in turn told it to my sister Maggie. My father recorded the telling of the story by Lisa to Maggie, and then he used it as the soundtrack to a movie. So the idea of dramatizing the family—Lisa, Maggie, Matt—I think was the inspiration for doing something kind of autobiographical with “The Simpsons.” There is an aspect of the psychodynamics of my family in which it makes sense that one of us grew up and made a cartoon out of the family and had it shown all over the world. Any other commonalities between your father and Homer Simpson? Only the love of ice cream. My dad didn’t even like doughnuts that much. The name Homer has been wall-to-wall around you—your father, your son, Homer Simpson. What does the name mean to you? My father was named after the poet Homer. My grandmother, his mothe


Kashmir is a classic track on a 1975 album by which British rock band?

Led Zeppelin — Kashmir — Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm led zeppelin "Kashmir" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin from their sixth album Physical Graffiti (1975). It was written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant (with contributions from John Bonham) over a period of three years, with the lyrics dating back to 1973. "Kashmir" is considered to be one of Led Zeppelin's most successful songs; all four band members have agreed that it is to date one of their best musical achievements. John Paul Jones suggested that it… read more Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now Similar Tracks


What is the English name of the dog belonging to cartoon character TinTin?

Names of main Tintin characters in different languages | Tintinologist.org about Names of Main Tintin Characters in Different Languages Maintained by Tintinologist.org staff Irene Mar . Contributions from: Anirban Bhattacharjee, Finlay Chalmers, Baishampayan Ghose, Gorka, Ivana, Tintinologist.org staff Anders Karlsson , Başar Kocaoğlu, Chikahiro Masami, Mokhammad Misdianto, Amir Moradian, Ian Nguyen, Denis Paquet, Kirill Polsatchev, Sambeet, and Roman Zdz. Revised: 24 September 2013. Latest change: corrected entries under Czech and Slovakian - thanks to Ivana for advising the correct names. Corrected Tintin's name in Basque - thanks to Gorka for the correction. English Johnes Notes Bengali: In Bengali, Thomson and Thompson are referred to as “Manikjor” (twins) as a team; individually they are “Johnson” and “Ronson”. [AB] and [Sambeet] Farsi/Persian: When the Persian/Farsi Tintin books were re-printed, some character names got changed to conform to the English translations. While Tintin is still Tan-Tan, Milou is now Barfy (literally “snowy”), Douponte and Doupone are now Thomson and Thompson (pronounced in Persian the same as in English), and Professor Calculus is Calcooles (Persian transliteration of Calculus). [DP] Indonesian: Names of main Tintin characters in Indonesian albums published by Indira before April 2008: Tintin, Snowy, Haddock, Calculus, Thomson, Thompson. [MM] Slovakian: No official translation in Slovakian exists. According to reader Ivana: “We [Slovaks] have accepted the Czech translation, as we understand the language.” Turkish: In some Turkish translations, Milou’s name is Fındık, which roughly translates as nut. The name “Boncuk” (meaning “bead”) appears in translations from the 1980s and 1990s. Professor Tournesol’s name mostly appears as “Turnesol”, but “Turnösol” has also been used. [Başar Kocaoğlu]


Who was lead singer with late-Sixties rock group The Doors ?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 3 | 1971: Doors' singer Jim Morrison found dead 1971: Doors' singer Jim Morrison found dead Jim Morrison, the lead singer of American rock group The Doors has died in Paris aged 27. He was found in a bathtub at his apartment at 17 Rue Beautraillis by his girlfriend, Pamela Courson. A doctor's report stated the cause of death was heart failure aggravated by heavy drinking. The rest of the band - keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robbie Krieger and drummer John Densmore - are currently in the United States. Morrison, also known as the Lizard King, was born in Florida in 1943, his father Stephen was in the US Navy and rose to the rank of admiral. He formed The Doors with Ray Manzarek in 1965 in Los Angeles. Morrison had come up with the name after reading Aldous Huxley's account of drug experiences, The Doors Of Perception. The group became the first popular "new wave" band.   Their first album, The Doors, released by Elektra Records in 1967, was a number one hit in the US, though only just scraped into the British charts. Their following albums, Strange Days and Waiting For The Sun, provided further American hits and, in Hello I love You, a British number 15. Arrested for lewd behaviour But with its ever growing fame, the band lost some of its credibility in the rock underground. Morrison's behaviour, fuelled by drink and drugs, became more outrageous and in 1969 he was arrested for "indecent exposure, lewd conduct and public intoxication" after a concert in Miami's Dinner Key auditorium. Though some of the charges were later dropped, the scandal made it hard for the band to perform live for some time. Morrison used the crisis as a spur to creativity and produced one of the group's most critically acclaimed albums, Morrison Hotel, in 1970. Over the past year he has made clear he wanted to drop music altogether to become a writer. He has already published two volumes of poetry, The Lords and The New Creatures, and planned to begin a literary career once his contractual obligations to Elektra were fulfilled.


Which model married both George Harrison and Eric Clapton ?

George Harrison and Eric Clapton both married Pattie Boyd | OldiesMusicBlog What do George Harrison and Eric Clapton have in common? Pattie Boyd! Posted by diana Nov - 12 - 2010 0 Comment Pattie Boyd is an English model and photographer and the former wife of both George Harrison (1966 – 1974) and Eric Clapton (1979 – 1989). She was the inspiration for love songs written by both musicians, Harrison’s, “ Something “, “For You Blue” and “Isn’t It a Pity”, and Clapton’s “Layla”, “Wonderful Tonight” and “Bell Bottom Blues”. She remembers her relationship with George: “I had met George six years previously, in 1964, when he was filming A Hard Day’s Night. Britain and most of Europe was in the grip of Beatlemania. On first impressions, John seemed more cynical and brash than the others, Ringo the most endearing, Paul was cute and George, with velvet-brown eyes and dark chestnut hair, was the best-looking man I had ever seen. At a break for lunch I found myself sitting next to him. Being close to him was electrifying. Almost the first thing he said to me was: ‘Will you marry me?’ He was joking but there was a hint of seriousness. We got together soon after that and married two years later on January 21, 1966. I was 21, he was 22. I was so happy and so much in love. I thought we would be together and happy for ever. Three years later, in 1969, George wrote a song called Something. He told me in a matter-of-fact way that he had written it for me. I thought it was beautiful and it turned out to be the most successful song he ever wrote, with more than 150 cover versions. Frank Sinatra said he thought it was the best love song ever written. George’s favourite version was the one by James Brown. Mine was the one by George Harrison, which he played to me in our kitchen. But, in fact, by then our relationship was in trouble. Since a trip to the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi’s ashram in India in 1968, George had become obsessive about meditation. He was also sometimes withdrawn and depressed. And there were other women, which really hurt me. George was fascinated by the god Krishna who was always surrounded by young maidens. He came back from India wanting to be some kind of Krishna figure, a spiritual being with lots of concubines. He actually said so. It was around this time that Eric began to come over to our house. He and George had become close friends, writing and recording music together. Eric’s guitar playing was held in awe by his fellow musicians. He was an incredibly exciting performer to watch. He looked wonderful on stage, very sexy. But when I met him he didn’t behave like a rock star – he was surprisingly shy and reticent. I was aware that Eric found me attractive and I enjoyed the attention he paid me. It was hard not to be flattered when I caught him staring at me or when he chose to sit beside me. He complimented me on what I was wearing and the food I had cooked, and he said things he knew would make me laugh. Those were all things that George no longer did.” So, she begins to see Eric Clapton: “We met secretly at a flat in South Kensington. Eric Clapton had asked me to come because he wanted me to listen to a new number he had written. He switched on the tape machine, turned up the volume and played me the most powerful, moving song I had ever heard. It was Layla, about a man who falls hopelessly in love with a woman who loves him but is unavailable. I was married to Eric’s close friend, George Harrison, but Eric had been making his desire for me clear for months. I felt uncomfortable that he was pushing me in a direction in which I wasn’t certain I wanted to go. But with the realisation that I had inspired such passion and creativity, the song got the better of me. I could resist no longer.” Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-473174/Pattie-Boyd-My-hellish-love-triangle-George-Eric–Part-One.html


Oak Apple Day , commemorating the restoration of the monarchy to England in 1660 , is on which date ?

Facts about Royal Oak Day Back to Facts of the Day Calendar UK Calendar dates british festivals .... folklore ... anniversaries .... on this day Royal Oak Day 29 May Royal Oak Day (Oak Apple Day) was a public holiday celebrated in England on 29 May to commemorate the restoration of the English monarchy, in May 1660. “Parliament had ordered the 29th of May, the King’s birthday, to be forever kept as a day of thanksgiving for our redemption from tyranny and the King’s return to his Government, he returning to London that day." Samuel Pepys’s Diary 1st June 1660 Commonwealth of England The English Civil War 1642-1649 was fought between the royalist forces loyal to King Charles I and the parliamentarians led by Oliver Cromwell. The Royalist were defeated at the Battle of Naseby in 1645 and Charles I was caught and executed on 30 January 1649. Cromwell declared Britain a republic 'The Commonwealth' and went on to become  it's Lord Protector. Following his death in 1658 Cromwell was succeeded briefly by his son Richard before the monarchy was restored and Charles II became king on 29 May 1660. How was Oak Apple Day marked? Oak Apple Day was a time for dancing and parties. To show their support for the monarchy, people wore sprigs of oak leaves or a sprig with an oak apple on (gall produced in oak buds by wasps). On 29 May, children would challenge each other to show their oak sprigs or apples, and those not wearing one would face some form of punishment, varying  from one place to another. "Pinch-Bum-Day" - a pinch on the bottom "Nettle Day" - whipping with nettles "The wise boy wore his oak leaves, armed himselves (sic) with a stinging nettle  and carried a few dock leaves for first aid just in case" Bibliography of  Nottinghamshire Folk Plays & Related Customs In some areas it was necessary to wear the oak sprig only until noon; after that one was safe In the 1890s many railway engines were decorated with boughs of oak on 29 May. Why was the Oak chosen to commemorate the return of the monarchy? It is said that King Charles' life was saved after the battle of Worcester in 1651, when he escaped from the Roundhead army by hiding in an oak tree in the grounds of Boscobel House in Staffordshire. How is Oak Apple Day celebrated today? Although the public holiday was abolished in 1859, Oak Apple Day continues to be celebrated in parts of England today. Northhampton still remembers Charles II and his escape after the battle of Worcester. The town is also grateful to Charles II, for giving the citizens one thousand tons of timber from the Royal forests of Whittlewood, after a great fire almost razed the town in 1675. A garland of oak-apples is laid at Charles II's statue each year. London too celebrates 29 May at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, which Charles founded as a home for Army pensioners. The Chelsea Pensioners parade on this day for inspection by a member of the Royal Family in honour of King Charles II. Castleton Garland Day is held on Oak Apple Day (unless this is a  Sunday when proceedings will take place on the Saturday.) It is custom that has been celebrated in Castleton for hundreds of years, originally, possibly as a fertility rite, but today it is said to commemorate the restoration of Charles II. The Garland is 3 feet high and is made from a wooden frame to which  small bunches of wild flowers and leaves are tied. It is worn by a man dressed in Stuart costume Castleton Garland In Worcester, the 'Faithful City', Oak Apple Day is commemorated by  decorating the entrance gate to Worcester's Guildhall with oak branches and  leaves. The Oak Tree is a symbol of England The image of the Royal Oak can be pubs and hotels signs, on stamps and also on coins (£1). There have also been numerous naval ships, a train and a London underground station named ‘The Royal Oak’. Pub Sign


What was invented by Karl Dahlman , in 1963 , to aid gardeners ?

I will now elaborate on my answer from Exercise 1 . I'm doing this because my internet search revealed more than I've written in the above answer, and to show that the invention of the telephone and its use by consumers is not as plain and simple as you may think. You were not expected to provide the kind of detail below and my search took much more than 1 hour. 4.2 When and where was the telephone invented? I'd read in the past that the telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. However when I looked more closely at the history it turns out that the idea had been ‘in the air’ for almost half a century. The distance communication technology of the time, the telegraph, was based on sending pulses of electricity along a wire to control an electromagnet at the receiving end. The sender completed an electric circuit by pressing a key and the receiver's electromagnet controlled a pen that made marks on a moving paper tape. Samuel Morse devised a code whereby the letters of the alphabet could be represented by different combinations of dots and dashes. Later, telegraph operators learned to interpret the Morse code from the sound made by the electromagnet and the paper tape became redundant. In 1854 Charles Bourseul suggested that speaking close to a diaphragm would cause it to vibrate and that these vibrations could be used to make or break an electrical circuit, as in the telegraph. The process could then be reversed by a receiving diaphragm turning the signal back into speech. Bourseul didn't pursue this idea himself but it was taken up by other inventors. A self-taught German physicist and schoolteacher, Philipp Reis, demonstrated a form of telephone based on these ideas in 1861. Although it could transmit music and certain other sounds along a wire his ‘telephon’ could not transmit intelligible speech. Moreover Reis suffered from ill health and lack of resources so did not patent or develop his prototype. In Italy, Innocenzo Manzetti had been working on an automaton since 1849. His attempts to make his robot speak led him to develop a prototype telephone that was demonstrated to the Italian press in 1865. It is said that his humble nature and lack of finance meant he didn't try to commercialise his prototype. In 1871 an Italian immigrant to the USA, Antonio Meucci, filed a caveat for his ‘teletrofono’ invention based on a communication link he had rigged up between his basement lab and his second-floor bedroom to keep in touch with his ailing wife. (A caveat is a warning to others that he was in the process of inventing a device and has a general description of the invention not yet perfected.) Once again though, like Reis, Meucci suffered from illness and lack of resources. Not only could he not afford to convert his caveat into a full patent application, he couldn't afford the annual renewal fee and allowed his caveat to expire. In 2001 in a resolution acknowledging Meucci's contribution to the invention of the telephone, the US Congress said, ‘if Meucci had been able to pay the $10 fee to maintain the caveat after 1874, no patent could have been issued to Bell’. Bell was an elocution teacher of deaf pupils who was working on a device to translate sound into visible patterns that would allow deaf people to ‘see’ speech. While working on this device he realised the potential for improving the telegraph if a wave of undulating current could be transmitted along the wires instead of the existing intermittent pulses. This would allow a larger number of signals to be transmitted on the same telegraph circuit – each signal using a different musical note. This would make the system more efficient and reduce the need to erect many more new lines to cope with the growth in traffic. Bell was among a number of inventors racing to be the first to produce a working prototype of what became known as the musical or harmonic telegraph. On 3 June 1875, while working on a prototype of the harmonic telegraph, Bell heard the sound of his assistant Watson plucking a metal reed on the sending device. After further experimentatio


Which actress was married to Orson Welles from 1943 to 1948 ?

Orson Welles' tangled web of romance | Celebrity News | Showbiz & TV | Daily Express Orson Welles' tangled web of romance ORSON WELLES was an incorrigible womaniser, always juggling mistresses and wives. PUBLISHED: 00:01, Fri, Jul 19, 2013 Welles had a taste for famous women His fi rst love was actress Virginia Nicolson and they eloped in 1934 when they were 19. She was pregnant when Welles began affairs with actresses Geraldine Fitzgerald and Dolores del Rio. As the young actor’s career soared, Nicolson divorced him in 1940, saying: “Orson doesn’t have time to be married.” He married screen siren Rita Hayworth in 1943 but was divorced for his infidelities in 1948. She complained: “I can’t take his genius any more.” Welles impregnated Italian actress and aristocrat Paola Mori prompting a shotgun wedding in 1955 but they soon drifted apart. Orson doesn’t have time to be married. Virginia Nicolson, Orson Welles' first wife Croatian actress Oja Kodar, 26 years his junior, became his lover for the final 24 years of his life but he never divorced Mori and often returned to her. He maintained homes with both women. He had a daughter from each marriage, although Hayworth’s daughter, Rebecca Welles, claimed that his mistress Dolores del Rio was actually “the great love of his life”. Welles also had an illegitimate son by actress Geraldine Fitzgerald. He is the baronet and fi lm director Sir Michael Lindsay-Hogg, The star bequeathed his movie copyright to wife Mori and left mistress Kodar the rights to his unfinished films. This has sparked disputes over his estate which still linger to this day. Related articles