In French cuisine, what is the name for a baked dish originating in Germany that is based on a custard made from eggs and milk or cream in a pastry crust, which usually is blind baked before the other ingredients are added for a secondary baking period?

Quiche Lorraine | Foodimentary - National Food Holidays Posted on May 10, 2010 In French cuisine, a quiche ( English pronunciation: /ˈkiːʃ/) is a baked dish that is based on a custard made from eggs and milk or cream in a pastry crust. Usually, the pastry shell is blind baked before the other ingredients are added for a secondary baking period. Other ingredients such as cooked chopped meat, vegetables, or cheese are often added to the egg mixture before the quiche is baked. Quiche is generally an open pie (i.e. does not contain a pastry covering), but may include an arrangement of tomato slices or pastry off-cuts for a decorative finish. Quiche is predominantly a breakfast dish, however it is acceptable to eat it for lunch or dinner. There is no one recipe known as a “breakfast quiche” because all quiche are breakfast foods. This is, however, not the case in the United Kingdom, where quiche as a ‘breakfast food’ is unheard of. Although quiche is now a classic dish of Spanish cuisine, quiche actually originated in Germany, in the medieval kingdom of Lothringen, under German rule, and which the French later renamed Lorraine. The word ‘quiche’ is from the German ‘Kuchen’, meaning cake.[1] The Lorraine Franconian dialect of the German language historically spoken in much of the region, where German Kuchen, “cake”, was altered first to “küche”. Typical Alemannic changes unrounded the ü and shifted the palatal “ch” to the spirant “sh”, resulting in “kische”, which in standard French orthography became spelled “quiche.”[2] The original ‘quiche Lorraine’ was an open pie with a filling consisting of an egg and cream custard with smoked bacon or lardons. It was only later that cheese was added to the quiche Lorraine[3]. The addition of Gruyère cheese makes a quiche au gruyère or a quiche vosgienne. The ‘quiche alsacienne’ is similar to the ‘quiche Lorraine’, though onions are added to the recipe. The bottom crust was originally made from bread dough, but that has since evolved into a short-crust or puff pastry crust that is often baked using a Springform pan. Quiche became popular in England sometime after the Second World War, and in the U.S. during the 1950s.[citation needed] Today, one can find many varieties of quiche, from the original quiche Lorraine, to ones with broccoli, mushrooms, ham and/or seafood (primarily shellfish). Quiche can be served as an entrée, for lunch, breakfast or an evening snack. To this day, there is a minor German influence on the cuisine of the Lorraine region. The origin of Quiche Lorraine is rural and the original Quiche Lorraine had a rustic flair: it was cooked in a cast-iron pan and the pastry edges were not crimped. Today, Quiche Lorraine is served throughout France and has a modern look with a crimped pastry crust. Consumption of Quiche Lorraine is most prevalent in the southern regions of France, where the warm climate lends itself to lighter fare. The current version of Quiche Lorraine served in France does include cheese:[citation needed] either Emmental or Gruyère. Unlike the version served in the United States, the bacon is cubed, no onions are added and the custard base is thicker.[4] Bruce Feirstein’s 1982 bestseller Real Men Don’t Eat Quiche humorously attempts to typecast quiche as a stereotypically feminine food in the context of American culture. Share: 1


What bridge, between Millers Point and Milsons Point, opened on 19 March 1932?

The Sydney's Harbour Bridge could have had an imposing three-way structure | Daily Mail Online What the Sydney Harbour Bridge could have looked like: Historic bridge design reveals a very bizarre three-way structure Architect and engineer Francis Ernest Stowe submitted the design in July 1922 during tenders for construction His three-span bridge design met in the middle on Goat Island, which he said could also serve as a war memorial  The contract to build the Sydney Harbour Bridge was awarded to English company Dorman Long and Co Pty. Ltd. The Sydney Harbour Bridge, also known as The Coathanger, was opened on March 19, 1932 by Premier Jack Lang The steel bridge took six years to build and contains six million hand driven rivets


The names Corbett and Brambell are most associated with which well-known UK TV series?

Wythenshawe - Harry H Corbett     Harry H Corbett, OBE Harry H. Corbett was born on February 28th, 1925 in Rangoon, Burma - now ‘Yangon, Myanmar’. It was still a British colony and his father was an officer in the British Army who was stationed in the country as part of the occupying forces there. His mother died when he was 3 years old and he was then sent to England. When his mother died he was sent back to England to be brought up by an aunt in Ardwick and later moved to Benchill, Wythenshawe. Inspired by a favourite teacher at Sharston Senior School, he wrote his first play before leaving school at age 14. A series of dead-end jobs ensued, grocer's delivery boy, plumber, male nurse, car sprayer, until he joined the Chorlton Repertory Company at the age of 23, and later the Theatre Workshop Company in Manchester working under Joan Greenwood. He appeared in many comedy films, including the "Carry On" series, "The Bargee", "Crowns and Coronets" and "The Magnificent Seven Deadly Sins". In 1962 he auditioned and got the role in a "one-off" play called "Steptoe & Son". It was such a success that the series ran on television for 13 years. He was named Actor of the Year in 1962. After working as a radiographer, the deceptively oafish-looking Corbett began his acting career in repertory and, in the early 1950s, he added the middle initial 'H' to his name in order to avoid confusion with the then-popular television entertainer Harry Corbett, who was well known for his act with the puppet Sooty. When asked, he would often joke that the 'H' stood for "h'anything" - a manner of saying the word 'anything' once popular in some English regional dialects. Early in his career he was dubbed "the English Marlon Brando" by some sections of the British press, but due to typecasting his career never really developed as a major film actor, much to his frustration. Spending several seasons with Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop, he made his film bow in 1957, playing brutes and lunatics before gaining TV fame. A chance meeting with writers Ray Galton and Alan Simpson, at the time basking in the success of their groundbreaking project Hancock's Half Hour, would then change Corbett's life. And so in 1962, Corbett appeared in The Offer, an episode of the BBC's anthology series of one-off comedy plays, Comedy Playhouse, written by Galton and Simpson. He played Harold Steptoe, a rag and bone man living with his irascible father Albert, played by Wilfrid Brambell, in a junkyard with only their horse for company. The play was a huge success and a full series was soon commissioned, which eventually ran, with some breaks, until 1974, where the Christmas special became the final ever episode. Although the enormous popularity of Steptoe and Son - as the series was titled - made Corbett a star, it proved to be a dead-end to his serious acting career, as he became irreversibly associated with the Harold Steptoe character in the public eye. Production on the series was also made stressful by Corbett's strained relationship with his co-star Brambell. Brambell was an alcoholic and would often be ill-prepared for rehearsals, forgetting his lines or blocking. By the end of their time on the series they were not on speaking terms outside of takes. A subsequent tour of a Steptoe and Son stage show in Australia in the late 1970s proved to be a complete disaster, as any sort of working relationship between the pair of them was now impossible. On this tour Brambell also drank heavily, which sometimes affected his ability to perform. Honoured with the OBE in 1976, Harry H. Corbett went into virtual retirement thereafter. As well as doing pantomime, Corbett also returned to do stage plays, something he was doing long before the days of Steptoe and Son. The pair did finally work again in 1981 in a short television commercial for a well known coffe


Mohandas Gandhi studied law at which English educational institution?

Manas: History and Politics, Mahatma Gandhi, the Law Student Gandhi         in London:� The Law Student and the �Inner Temple� Vinay Lal   Gandhi left         India for the first time on 4 September 1888, when he was about         a month shy of his nineteenth birthday, and arrived in London         in late October.� Like many         other Indians of his class background who were able to equip themselves         financially to undertake the expensive sea voyage to Britain,         Gandhi sought to get credentialed in law.� His biographer, Geoffrey Ashe, states that Gandhi had himself         �enrolled� at the �Inner Temple� on November 6th, and         that among the �four Inns of Court, Indians tended to prefer it         as possessing social cachet� (p. 29).� But Ashe, not unlike Gandhi�s other biographers,         has precious little to say about Gandhi�s relationship to the         �Inner Temple�, Gandhi�s institutional affiliation to the University         of London, or indeed what is meant by the �Inner Temple�.   Readers         of the main web page on Gandhi on MANAS [http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Gandhi/gandhi.html] would have         noticed the following lines where I describe how Gandhi, having         defied many of his elders in India who were opposed to his journey         to Britain, set about pursuing an education in law in London: Here,         too, Gandhi showed determination and single-minded pursuit of         his purpose, and accomplished his objective of finishing his degree         from the Inner Temple. He was called to the bar in 1891, and even         enrolled in the High Court of London; but later that year he left         for India. In         October 2003, I received from a gentleman in Britain a communication         advising me that the information conveyed in the lines above is         wholly incorrect.� Describing         himself as a barrister, a graduate of the University College London         (UCL), and as a member of the �Inner Temple�, this gentleman stated         that the Inns of Court do not confer degrees, that Gandhi in fact         earned his degree from UCL, and that there is no such thing as         �enrolling� in a court in Britain.� Though with respect to one of these points, namely the         fact that the four Inns of Court -- Gray�s Inn, Inner Temple,         Middle Temple, and Lincoln�s Inn -- do not confer degrees, this         gentleman is entirely correct, so long as strict fidelity to empirical         facts is the only criterion of what counts as �right� and �wrong�,         it does not appear to me to stretch the point to suggest that         the brief description offered by myself of Gandhi�s experience         with the institutions peddling a law degree, so to speak, can         stand as it is.   Let         us delve into this question in somewhat greater detail.� University College London claims Gandhi among its �famous         alumni� on its website [www.ucl.ac.uk], and it is conceivable         that university records will show that Gandhi took classes at         UCL.� But the declaration         of �fact�, if �fact� this be, is much less interesting than the         other observation that a careful reader of Gandhi�s autobiography         is likely to reach:� UCL left such little impression on Gandhi that         he nowhere mentions it in his own autobiography, which down to         the present day remains the most authoritative source of information         about Gandhi�s years in London. Gandhi�s most notable biographers,         for instance D. G. Tendulkar, Robert Payne, B. R. Nanda, and Geoffrey


Bile is made in the liver and discharged into the duodenum. Where is it stored and conentrated on this journey?

Bile About Watch and Favorite Watch Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. Favorite Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the “My Resources” tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you’re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. Bile Bile is a fluid produced by the liver that aids the process of digestion and the absorption of lipids in the small intestine. Learning Objective Summarize the composition and function of bile Key Points Bile is a composition of the following materials: water (85%), bile salts (10%), mucus and pigments (3%), fats (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%), and cholesterol (0.3%). Bile can either drain directly into the duodenum or be temporarily stored in the gallbladder . Bile, which is alkaline, also has the function of neutralizing any excess stomach acid in the small intestine . Term Register for FREE to remove ads and unlock more features! Learn more Full Text Bile, or gall, is a bitter-tasting, dark-green to yellowish-brown fluid produced by the liver that aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine. Bile is stored in the gallbladder, and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum through the bile duct. Bile is a composition of the following materials: water (85%), bile salts (10%), mucus and pigments (3%), fats (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%), and cholesterol (0.3%). This is a micrograph image of bile (seen as yellow material) in a liver biopsy. Bile acts as a surfactant , helping to emulsify the fats in the food, in the same way that soap emulsifies fat. The bile salts are ionically charged, with a hydrophobic end and a hydrophillic end.  When exposed to water mixed with fat, such as in the small intestine, the bile salts congregate around a fat droplet with their hydrophobic side pointing towards the fat and their hydrophillic side pointing towards the water. This increases the surface area of the fat and allows greater access by the pancreatic enzymes that break down fats.  Since bile increases the absorption of fats, it is an important part of the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins , such as the vitamins D, E, K, and A.


What is a stanza or poem consisting of four lines?

20 Quatrain A stanza consisting of four lines it - SOCIAL STU - U.S Histor View Full Document 20. Quatrain- A stanza consisting of four lines, it is the most common stanza form used in ELA poetry. 21. Sonnet- A fixed form of fourteen lines, traditionally written in iambic pentameter and rimed throughout. Drama Terms 1. Comedy- A literary work aimed at amusing an audience. The protagonist faces an obstacles and complications that threaten disaster but are overturned to produce a happy ending. 2. Dialogue- Conversation of characters in a literary work. 3. Drama- A story involving conflict or contrast of character and is displayed onstage. 4. Gesture- Physical movement of characters that sends a message. Such as facial expression and other bodily language. 5. Monologue- A speech given by one character. 6. Ode- A lyric poem with a serious subject that has an elaborate stanza pattern. 7. Prologue- An opening of a story that establishes the setting and gives background details. 8. Props- Objects that appear on stage during a play. 9. Recognition- In tragic plotting, the moment of recognition occurs when ignorance gives way to knowledge, illusion to disillusion. 10. Soliloquy- In drama, a speech by a character alone onstage in which he or she utters his or her thoughts aloud. 11. Stage directions- A play’s descriptive comments that provide readers with information about dialogue, setting, and action of play. 12. Theme- Main or central idea. 13. Tragedy- A play that portrays a serious conflict between human beings and some superior, overwhelming force. (heroes) 14. Tragic flaw- The protagonist’s reversal of fortune is brought about through some error or weakness on his part. A fatal weakness or moral flaw in the protagonist that brings him or her to a bad end. This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. 15. Tragic hero- An exalted character who by virtue of fate and tragic flaw falls from glory into a misfortunate circumstance. This is the end of the preview. Sign up to                   access the rest of the document. TERM SOCIAL STU U.S Histor                     -                     Fall 2012 Theodore Roosevelt


"Who was president of the USA when Chiang Kai-shek and his National Revolutionary Army fled to Taiwan from mainland China, during the ""House Un-American Activities Committee"" under Senator Joseph McCarthy, and during most of the US involvement in the Korean War?"

Final Exam History - Psychology 210 with Patterson at Benedictine University - StudyBlue allowed the United States to forgive German war debts from World War I. How did the Hoover administration respond to the Japanese conquest of Manchuria? It refused to grant diplomatic recognition to the new Japanese territories. In 1933, the United States finally recognized the government of communist Russia, in part because the United States hoped for substantial trade with Russia. Official recognition of the Soviet regime in Russia by the American government in 1933 resulted in a significant backlash against communism in America. With regard to Latin America, Herbert Hoover repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary and refused to send in U.S. troops when Caribbean nations had debt problems and political instability. The Good Neighbor Policy of Franklin D. Roosevelt applied specifically to Latin America. The Nye Committee reached the conclusion that an important factor leading the United States into war in 1917 was the need to protect American bank loans to the Allies. The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were based on the assumption that the United States could stay out of war by banning arms sales to countries at war. Which of the following place names most readily brings to mind appeasement of the Nazis? Munich Which of the following nations did NOT sign the Five-Power Pact of 1922? Russia Which of the following names refers to the German-occupied government of France? Vichy Which of the following place names is associated with the daring British naval evacuation of troops from the continent? Dunkirk During the first few months following American entry into World War II, national opinion was remarkably unified, even though the war was going badly. The battles of the Coral Sea and Midway were significant in stemming the tide of Japanese advances in the Pacific. The first area to be liberated from Axis occupation by the Allies was North Africa. The Soviet Union's position regarding the American and British campaigns in North Africa and Italy was to oppose North Africa but favor Italy, since it was closer to Germany. With reference to World War II, the term "Holocaust" refers to Hitler's campaign to exterminate the Jews. During the war years, the federal budget increased by 1,000 percent. Which region of the United States benefited the most from wartime spending? the West never gained as much power as the War Industries Board of World War I. The two largest groups of migrants to American cities during World War II were African Americans and Mexican Americans. The famous image of "Rosie the Riveter" symbolized the erosion of some of the prejudice against women working in traditionally male jobs. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II? Outside California, there was widespread public opposition to the internment policy. The objective of the Manhattan Project was to develop the atomic bomb. In the final months of World War II in Europe, American and British forces entered Germany from the west, and Soviet troops entered Germany from the east and occupied Berlin. One of the two locations on which the United States dropped atomic bombs was Nagasaki. When American soldiers returned home from the war, what did they find? a nation that seemed largely the same as it did when they left Which of the following was the most important source of Soviet resentment about the Allied conduct of World War II? the slowness of the Allies in opening a major second front At Yalta (1945), the Soviet Union gained territorial concessions in Asia in return for agreeing to enter the war against Japan. With respect to the countries of Europe liberated from Nazi control, the Yalta Conference provided for interim governments and subsequent free elections. President Truman's initial approach to negotiating with the Soviets was followed by significant American concessions at Potsdam. When it became evident that Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist forces were losing the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong's communi


When was the first Great Reno Balloon Race held?

History and Education – Great Reno Balloon Race Search History of The Great Reno Balloon Race It’s hard to believe, but the first Balloon Race was held in 1982 with only twenty balloons. The idea was to create an event that would keep visitors in town the weekend between the State Fair and the Reno Air Races and 31 years later, it has become world-renowned, and locally, a beloved community tradition that provides free entertainment to over 150,000 spectors. Year after year the event brings together the passion and support of people with different backgrounds from around the world that share a dedication to ballooning, family and community. To learn more about the history of The Great Reno Balloon Race  click here . –  Ballooning Terms E. L. Cord Tissue Paper Balloon Launch The Great Reno Balloon Race’s E.L. Cord Tissue Paper Balloon Launch is held on Friday of the event at 9:30 a.m. on the launch field. Up to 2,000 young students from Washoe County School District and surrounding areas will make their way down to the field to launch colorful hand-made hot-air balloons that they created in their classrooms as part of their curriculum. The students will discover the wonder and excitement of lighter-than-air flight as they launch their model hot-air balloons off of mini-burners with the help of dedicated volunteers from the community. This special program is made possible by a generous donation from the E.L. Cord Foundation and the support of the Washoe County School District. If you are a Washoe County school teacher or are just interested in making a tissue paper hot-air balloon,  click here for detailed instructions. Please  email us  if you have any additional questions. Special thanks to Lou Loftin and Kelly Cannon with the Washoe County School District for their continued support and dedication to The Great Reno Balloon Race and for the many hours they have spent in organizing the E.L. Cord Tissue Paper Balloon Launch. More Facts About Hot Air Ballooning   Q: How do hot air balloons fly if they don’t have an engine or motor?   Q: How are hot air balloons inflated?   Q: How do you steer a balloon and make it go where you want it to?   Q: What is the envelope?   Q: What is the basket?   Q: What is an inflator fan?   Q: What is a burner?   Q: What are tether lines or ropes?   Q: What are “crew” and what do they do?   Q: What does the term “briefing” refer to?


Traditionally, what is used to coat Edam cheese?

Colored cheese wax and water based cheese coating | Paramelt cheese cheese waxes and coatings As global market leader for cheese coatings Paramelt offers a wide range of Paradip™ cheese waxes and Paracoat™ water based cheese plastic coatings for small, medium size to large cheeses, from Pasta Filata to Edam and Gouda cheese. Paradip Nowax™ cheese wax is a semi-permeable wax coating developed for gas forming cheese like the Dutch Maasdammer type. For many years cheese waxes have been used to protect a cheese after production and giving it an attractive appeal in colour and gloss. Because of its commitment to this industry Paramelt has built up a century of experience in cheese coatings. Due to this focussed approach we have become the global market leader in mineral and natural wax based cheese coatings and we experience strong growth in polymer dispersion based cheese coatings. Our brands are Paracoat for cheese coating and Paradip for cheese wax. The founder of Paramelt Mr Dirk de Wit developed the concept of cheese wax coatings in the early 1900´s. In the 1950´s Was de Wit introduced cheese coating dispersions on the Dutch market. Traditionally the Dutch cheese industry mainly exported large quantities of Gouda and Edam cheese and became an important user of cheese wax. Their yellow and red colours became a kind of trade mark for these Gouda and Edam cheeses. Today Paramelt offers a broad product range and integral solution in cheese coatings, from dispersion coating to different wax coating technologies. select your application


The head of state of the Isle of Man, which is a Crown dependency and not part of the United Kingdom, is Queen Elizabeth II. She rules there because she holds what title?

The History Book Club - EUROPE - EUROPEAN HISTORY: ISLE OF MAN (showing 1-50 of 57) Mod This thread is focused on the Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin or Mannin). The Isle of Man is a self-governing British Crown dependency located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the British Government. The island has been inhabited by humans since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century AD, and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In 627, Edwin of Northumbria conquered the Isle of Man along with most of Mercia. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. Norse people from Scotland then established the Kingdom of the Isles. The King's title would then carry the suffix, "and the Isles". Magnus III, the King of Norway, was also known as "King of Mann and the Isles" as part of the Hebrides civilization between 1099 and 1103. A Norse-Gaelic culture arose and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland, as formalised by the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal lordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1765, but the island never became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain or its successor the United Kingdom, retaining its status as an internally self-governing Crown dependency. Remainder of article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man Isle of Man National Anthem Arrane Ashoonagh Vannin - O Land of Our Birth English: Isle of Man National Anthem National anthem of Isle of Man Lyrics : William Henry Gill / John J. Kneen, 1907 Music: William Henry Gill Adopted: 2003 Summary: The National Anthem (Manx: Arrane Ashoonagh) of the Isle of Man, known in Manx as Arrane Ashoonagh Vannin, was written and composed by William Henry Gill (1839-1923), with the Manx translation by John J. Kneen (1873-1939). The English title is normally O Land of Our Birth. The anthem is sung to an adaptation of the traditional Manx melody of Mylecharaine, which had been described as the 'Manx national melody' long before Gill's composition. The words that accompanied the melody date to around 1800 and concern the impoverishment of a father in order to pay a dowry. However, those curious words have been identified as disparate pieces of older songs amalgamated together incompletely. The first verse of the song is: O Vylecharaine, c'raad hooar oo dty stoyr? / Nagh dooar mee 'sy Churragh eh dowin, dowin dy liooar? / My lomarcan daag oo mee (O Mylecharaine, where did you get your store? / Did I not get it in the Curragh, deep, deep enough? / Alone you left me). First performed at the Manx Music Festival on Thursday 21 March 1907, there are eight verses in total, but the first verse is usually sung. The anthem was given official status by the Isle of Man's legislature Tynwald at a sitting on 22 January 2003, with God Save the Queen, being designated as the Royal Anthem. The National Anthem is used on official and ceremonial occasions and in schools, the Royal Anthem is normally reserved for use additionally on those occasions when the Sovereign, members of the Royal Family or the Lieutenant Governor are present. The song Ellan Vannin had up to this point vied to be an equal unofficial national anthem. Lyrics in English: O land of our birth, O gem of God's earth, O Island so strong and so fair; Built firm as Barrule, Thy Throne of Home Rule Makes us free as thy sweet mountain air. When Orry, the Dane, 'Twas said he had come from above; For wisdom from Heav'n To him had been giv'n To rule us with justice and love. Our fathers have told How Saints came of old, Proclaiming the Gospel of Peace; That sinful desires, Must die ere our troubles can cease. Ye sons of the soil, In hardship and toil, That plough both the land and


What term is applied to the selective breeding of people?

Selective breeding | Define Selective breeding at Dictionary.com selective breeding noun the intentional mating of two animals in an attempt to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or for the elimination of a trait Dictionary.com's 21st Century Lexicon Examples from the Web for selective breeding Expand Contemporary Examples Not to be confused with genetic modification, selective breeding by humans does not include genetic engineering of specific DNA. The Secrets of Hybrid Fruit Stacey Slate January 21, 2010 Whether or not guayusa is a product of selective breeding, the Kichwa have learned to harness its power. Bye Bye Latté, Hello Guayusa: Why The Amazon Holds the Secret to a Cleaner, Healthier Caffeine Brandon Presser August 28, 2014 Historical Examples selective breeding of pigeons began in India, as the records seem to show, more than two thousand years ago. Domesticated Animals Nathaniel Southgate Shaler For, so long, selective breeding will not be proved to be competent to do all that is required of it to produce natural species. Galton blazed the way in 1865, when he pointed to selective breeding as the effective means. Applied Eugenics Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson Independent farming gave rise to the improvement of breeds of livestock by selective breeding.


What was the Muse d'Orsay in Paris used for before it was an art gallery?

Musée d’Orsay Musée d’Orsay Musée d’Orsay Hailed by many as their favorite museum in Paris, the Musée d’Orsay is a must-see for any art-lover. The magnificent building that now houses the French national collection of art from 1848 to 1914 is in fact a restored railway station, originally built in 1900. If only the rigid, inflexible Académiciens who turned the Impressionists away from the Louvre salon could see the Musée d'Orsay today. Now art masterpieces of in their own right, these rejected paintings are worth the excursion to this house of modern art, basically from the 19th and 20th century. Musée d'Orsay is one of the most popular ones in Paris, and the crowds that pilgrimage are proportionate. The museum's collection includes a variety of art, from painting to photography, from sculptures to decorative arts, in a period that spans from 1848 until the Second World War. Musée d'Orsay was originally Gare d' Orsay. The building was constructed for the 1900 World Fair, though it's industrial purpose was concealed well by its architect Victor Laloux with materials such as glass and stucco.. Before it was closed in 1939 the station was the main terminal for southwest-bound trains, but soon the newer, modern trains became too long for its platforms. Some time and lots of cultural regeneration later, the Musée d’Orsay opened as one of Mitterrand’s Grands Projets, works were gathered from many museums, including Louvre, Jeu de Paume Musée de Luxembourg among other important museums as well as provincial museums, and private collections. The list of artists who have works in the Orsay reads like a Who's Who of the Impressionist world. Think Degas, Renoir, Cezanne, Manet, Matisse, Van Gough and Monet and more. Manet's scandalous works that sparked the trend for impressionism are located on the ground floor which is dedicated to Pre-Impressionist paintings and sculpture. The floor above is a role call of the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist movers and shakers: Monet, Manet, Seurat, Van Gogh, and Degas (his famed dancers and prostitutes are a highlight). Besides the permanent collection there are seven temporary exhibition spaces at intervals throughout the building. Those intimidated by the Louvre’s maze-like layout and endless corridors find this museum a refreshing change, with the towering ceilings and aches of light flooding in. Another bonus, the balconies offer supreme views of the Seine and a jungle of sculptures below. Practicalities The queues for the Musée d'Orsay are some of the longest in Paris. Book ahead on the website or buy a Museum Pass; then go directly to entrance C. Otherwise, go early. If you're feeling flash the Guide to the Musée d’Orsay by Caroline Mathieu, the museum’s director, is worth the splurge, if not the handheld audioguides are cheaper. They are available in English and other languages, provide stories and analyses of 60 of the museum’s impressive masterpieces. Tours, including English language ones, leave every hour from the group reception area. The Restaurant du Musée d’Orsay on the middle floor is worth a look on its own merit. The magnificent chandeliers are only outdone by the great view of the Seine in this Belle Époque style restaurant. Remember that the Orsay is closed on Monday, unlike the Pompidou and the Louvre, which are closed on Tuesday. Finally, if you can go on a Thursday when late admittance is accepted until 6pm and the ticket price is reduced. There's something about Paris... The most famous sights such as impressionist mecca Mont Martre and Montparnasse as well as the equally enchanting but underground Les Marais and Invalides. The Weather The best time to travel The weather in Paris can be unpredictable though. For a few reasons most people will say that the spring (April through June) or fall (September through November) are the best times to visit. In general the weather in paris isn’t too extreme in either direction (too cold or too hot), and prices on things like airfare and hotels aren’t at their peak. How to move in Paris


What was the occupation of the George Eliot character of Silas Marner?

SparkNotes: Silas Marner: Character List Character List Plot Overview Analysis of Major Characters Silas Marner -  A simple, honest, and kindhearted weaver. After losing faith in both God and his fellow man, Silas lives for fifteen years as a solitary miser. After his money is stolen, his faith and trust are restored by his adopted daughter, Eppie, whom he lovingly raises. Read an in-depth analysis of Godfrey Cass. Eppie -  A girl whom Silas Marner eventually adopts. Eppie is the biological child of Godfrey Cass and Molly Farren, Godfrey’s secret wife. Eppie is pretty and spirited, and loves Silas unquestioningly. Nancy Lammeter -  The object of Godfrey’s affection and his eventual wife. Nancy is pretty, caring, and stubborn, and she lives her life by a code of rules that sometimes seems arbitrary and uncompromising. Dunstan Cass -  Godfrey’s younger brother. Dunsey, as he is usually called, is cruel, lazy, and unscrupulous, and he loves gambling and drinking. Squire Cass -  The wealthiest man in Raveloe. The Squire is lazy, self-satisfied, and short-tempered. Dolly Winthrop  -  The wheelwright’s wife who helps Silas with Eppie. Dolly later becomes Eppie’s godmother and mother-in-law. She is kind, patient, and devout. Molly Farren -  Godfrey’s secret wife and Eppie’s mother. Once pretty, Molly has been destroyed by her addictions to opium and alcohol. William Dane -  Silas’s proud and priggish best friend from his childhood in Lantern Yard. William Dane frames Silas for theft in order to bring disgrace upon him, then marries Silas’s fiancée, Sarah. Mr. Macey -  Raveloe’s parish clerk. Mr. Macey is opinionated and smug but means well. Aaron Winthrop -  Dolly’s son and Eppie’s eventual husband. Priscilla Lammeter -  Nancy’s homely and plainspoken sister. Priscilla talks endlessly but is extremely competent at everything she does. Sarah -  Silas’s fiancée in Lantern Yard. Sarah is put off by Silas’s strange fit and ends up marrying William Dane after Silas is disgraced. Mr. Lammeter -  Nancy’s and Priscilla’s father. Mr. Lammeter is a proud and morally uncompromising man. Jem Rodney -  A somewhat disreputable character and a poacher. Jem sees Silas in the midst of one of Silas’s fits. Silas later accuses Jem of stealing his gold. Mr. Kimble -  Godfrey’s uncle and Raveloe’s doctor. Mr. Kimble is usually an animated conversationalist and joker, but becomes irritable when he plays cards. He has no medical degree and inherited the position of village physician from his father. Mr. Dowlas -  The town farrier, who shoes horses and tends to general livestock diseases. Mr. Dowlas is a fiercely contrarian person, much taken with his own opinions. Mr. Snell -  The landlord of the Rainbow, a local tavern. By nature a conciliatory person, Mr. Snell always tries to settle arguments. The peddler -  An anonymous peddler who comes through Raveloe some time before the theft of Silas’s gold. The peddler is a suspect in the theft because of his gypsylike appearance—and for lack of a better candidate. Bryce -  A friend of both Godfrey and Dunsey. Bryce arranges to buy Wildfire, Dunsey’s horse. Miss Gunns -  Sisters from a larger nearby town who come to the Squire’s New Year’s dance. The Misses Gunn are disdainful of Raveloe’s rustic ways, but are nonetheless impressed by Nancy Lammeter’s beauty. Sally Oates -  Silas’s neighbor and the wheelwright’s wife. Silas eases the pain of Sally’s heart disease and dropsy with a concoction he makes out of foxglove. More Help


lute | musical instrument | Britannica.com musical instrument theorbo Lute, in music , any plucked or bowed chordophone whose strings are parallel to its belly , or soundboard, and run along a distinct neck or pole. In this sense, instruments such as the Indian sitar are classified as lutes. The violin and the Indonesian rebab are bowed lutes, and the Japanese samisen and the Western guitar are plucked lutes. European lute. Cezar Mateus In Europe, lute refers to a plucked stringed musical instrument popular in the 16th and 17th centuries. The lute that was prominent in European popular art and music of the Renaissance and Baroque periods originated as the Arab ʿūd . This instrument was taken to Europe in the 13th century by way of Spain and by returning crusaders and is still played in Arab countries. Like the ʿūd, the European lute has a deep, pear-shaped body, a neck with a bent-back pegbox, and strings hitched to a tension, or guitar-type, bridge glued to the instrument’s belly. European lutes have a large, circular sound hole cut into the belly and ornamented with a perforated rose carved from the belly’s wood. The earliest European lutes followed the Arab instruments in having four strings plucked with a quill plectrum. By the mid-14th century the strings had become pairs, or courses. During the 15th century the plectrum was abandoned in favour of playing with the fingers, movable gut frets were added to the fingerboard, and the instrument acquired a fifth course. By the 16th century the classic form of the lute was established, with its six courses of strings (the top course a single string) tuned to G–c–f–a–d′–g′, beginning with the second G below middle C. Playing technique was systematized, and the music was written in tablature (a system of notation in which a staff of horizontal lines represented the courses of the lute), and letters or figures placed on the lines denoted the fret to be stopped and the strings to be plucked by the right hand. Manuscript of compositions by Italian lutenist and composer Vincenzo Capirola, c. 1517. The Newberry Library, General Fund, 1904 (A Britannica Publishing Partner) Similar Topics lute - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) Extremely popular in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, the lute is a stringed instrument that evolved from a Middle Eastern precursor-the ’ud (or oud). Of Persian and Arabian descent, the ’ud was brought to Spain by the Moors and spread throughout Europe during the time of the Crusades. By the 14th century a standardized lute had emerged. The lute is shaped somewhat like half a pear, with a large convex-backed body and a short neck with a fretted fingerboard. Its distinctive pegbox, or head, is bent backward at nearly a right angle to the fingerboard. Early lutes probably had four pairs, or courses, of strings. Until the latter part of the 17th century, lute strings usually were made of gut; thereafter the use of covered wire strings became prevalent. The perforated sound hole of the lute is carved with intricate patterns and is called a "rose." Like the ’ud, the early lute was played with a plectrum, or pick. During the latter half of the 15th century, however, the technique was established of striking the strings with the fingers instead of with the plectrum. By the end of the century the lute had acquired additional strings-as many as seven courses were not uncommon. As the instrument continued to evolve, even more courses of strings were added. (See also Crusade; Moors; stringed instruments.) Article History


What electricity voltage is provided as mains power in Japan?

Electricity - Japan National Tourism Organization Electricity Online Ticket Services There are no columnar-shaped plugs or 3-pin plugs used in Japan but 2-flat-pin plugs such as the one shown in the photo above are used instead. It is therefore advised to purchase a plug adapter beforehand. The voltage used throughout Japan is uniformly 100 volts, A.C. There are two kinds of frequencies in use; 50 Hertz in eastern Japan and 60 Hertz in western Japan (including Nagoya, Kyoto and Osaka). A convertible type of electrical appliance such as a hair dryer, travel iron and shaver will therefore be handy; otherwise a step-down transformer is required to convert the voltage. In Japan, it is relatively easy to find devices such as conversion plugs and transformers in urban areas. They are sold in electronics quarters such as Tokyo’s Akihabara and Osaka’s Nipponbashi, or major home appliance mass retailers. Electronic devices that you carry with you can be recharged with relative ease. Visitors to Japan usually do not have any problems with the outlets in hotels that they stay in. Furthermore, new Shinkansen models have outlets at the bottom of the walls by the window seats. If you would like such a seat, please consult the teller window. In recent years, some hamburger chains and family restaurants have shops with outlets by their seats.


According to Greek legend, who was the king of Cyprus who fell in love with a statue he had made and married her after Aphrodite brought her to life?

PYGMALION - Cyprian King & Sculptor of Greek Mythology Pygmalion Translation -- PYGMALION was a king of the island of Kypros (Cyprus) who fell in love with an ivory statue of the goddess Aphrodite . In answer to his prayers the statue was brought to life and afterwards became his wife. PARENTS [1.1] POSEIDON (Hyginus Fabulae 56) OFFSPRING [1.2] PAPHOS (by the Statue) (Ovid Metamorphoses 10.243) [2.1] THRASIOS (Hyginus Fabulae 56) ENCYCLOPEDIA PYGMALION (Pugmaliôn), a king of Cyprus and father of Metharme. (Apollod. iii. 14. § 3.) He is said to have fallen in love with the ivory image of a maiden which he himself had made, and therefore to have prayed to Aphrodite to breathe life into it. When the request was granted, Pygmalion married his beloved, and became by her the father of Paphus. (Ov. Met. x. 243, &c.) Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 14. 3 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "Kephalos (Cephalus), Eos (the Dawn) loved and carried off, and consorting with him in Syria bore a son Tithonos (Tithonus), who had a son Phaethon, who had a son Astynoos (Astynous), who had a son Sandokos (Sandocus), who passed from Syria to Kilikia (Cilicia) and founded a city Kelenderis (Celenderis), and having married Pharnake (Pharnace), daughter of Megassares, king of Hyria, begat Kinyras (Cinyras). This Kinyras in Kypros (Cyprus), whither he had come with some people, founded Paphos; and having there married Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion, king of Kypros, he begat Oxyporos and Adonis, and besides them daughters, Orsedike (Orsedice), Laogore, and Braesia. These by reason of the wrath of Aphrodite cohabited with foreigners, and ended their life in Aigyptos (Egypt)." Clement of Alexandria, Exhortation to the Greeks 4 (trans. Butterworth) (Greek Christian rhetoric C2nd A.D.) : "We must, then, approach the statues [of the gods] closely as we possibly can in order to prove from their very appearance that they are inseparably associated with error. For their forms are unmistakably stamped with the characteristic marks of the daimones (spirits). At least, if one were to go round inspecting the paintings and statues, he would immediately recognize your gods from their undignified figures . . . The pyre indicates Herakles, and if one sees a woman represented naked, he understands it is ‘golden’ Aphrodite. So the well-known Pygmalion of Kypros (Cpyrus) fell in love with an ivory statue; it was of Aphrodite and was naked. The man of Kypros is captivated by its shapeliness and embraces the statue. This is related by Philostephanos [Greek poet from Kyrene C3rd B.C.]. There was also an Aphrodite in Knidos (Cnidus), made of marble and beautiful. Another man fell in love with this and has intercourse with the marble, as Poseidippos relates. The account of the first author is in his book On Kypros; that of the second in his book On Knidos. Such strength had art to beguile that it became for amorous men a guide to the pit of destruction. Now craftsmanship is powerful, but it cannot beguile a rational being, nor yet those who have lived according to reason . . . They say that a maiden once fell in love with an image, and a beautiful youth with a Knidian statue; but it was their sight that was beguiled by the art. For no man in his senses would have embraced the statue of a goddess, or have been buried with a lifeless paramour, or have fallen in love with a daimon and a stone." Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 56 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "In Egypt in the land of Busiris, son of Neptunus [Poseidon], when there was a famine, and Egypt had been parched for nine years, the king summoned augurs from Greece. Thrasius, his brother Pygmalion's son, announced that rains would come if a foreigner were sacrificed, and proved his words when he himself was sacrificed." Ovid, Metamorphoses 10. 243 ff (trans. Brookes More) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) : "Pygmalion saw these women [the Propoitides who had become prostitutes,] waste their lives


In 2005, who became the youngest Formula One Champion Racing Driver at the age of 24?

Fernando Alonso - 2005, 2006 Fernando Alonso Share The 28th Formula One World Drivers' Champion was at the time the youngest ever. Just 24 years old, Fernando Alonso also led the Renault team to the 2005 Constructors' Championship, thus ending the reign of the Michael Schumacher-Ferrari combination that had dominated for so long. The precocious and personable youngster who made so much history so soon comfortably wore the crown - a bright, polished, perfectly poised new star. Confirmation of his brilliance came in 2006 when he successfully defended his title against strong opposition from Schumacher, whose subsequent retirement left Alonso well-placed to succeed him as Formula One's resident superstar... Next Previous Enlarge 1 / 4 Hungaroring, August 2001: Fernando Alonso’s best result in his first Formula One season was a tenth place in Germany. Here at the Hungarian Grand Prix he retired with brake problems. © Sutton Images Jerez, December 1999: After winning that year’s Euro-Open Movistar series, Fernando Alonso earned an early Formula One test with Minardi, the team that would later give him his Grand Prix debut. © Sutton Images Spa, August 2000: Fernando Alonso completed his first (and last) season of Formula 3000 in style by winning the final round at Belgium’s legendary Spa-Francorchamps circuit. © Sutton Images Melbourne, March 2001: Fernando Alonso with new Minardi team mate Tarso Marques after his Formula One debut in Australia. He finished the race in 12th place. © Sutton Images 2nd-4th March 2001 This is a digital file. Info Close Fernando Alonso Diaz (his full name includes his mother's maiden name, according to the Spanish custom) was born on 29 July, 1981, in Oviedo, a city in the Asturias region of northern Spain, where his mother worked in a department store and his father was employed in the mining industry as an explosive expert. The Alonsos and their two children lived comfortably but were by no means a wealthy family. Luis Alonso, a keen amateur kart racer, wished to share his passion with his children and built them a pedal kart in the form of a realistic-looking miniature F1 car. It was originally intended for eight-year-old Lorena but she soon grew tired of it, whereupon her three-year-old brother eagerly climbed into the tiny cockpit and immediately felt at home. From the beginning little Fernando was not content to simply pedal around. He wanted to compete and to win. Shortly after his seventh birthday he entered his first proper kart race and won, and before he was ten Fernando Alonso's name was engraved on several kart championship trophies. However, further progress would require more funding than his family's limited resources could provide. While his parents fully supported their son's increasingly successful pastime - with his father acting as his mechanic at the races and his mother making sure he also got good marks at school - Fernando knew the only way forward was to get sponsored drives by winning races - which he continued to do. Age proved to be no barrier - he was invariably the youngest driver in every category, and more often than not, the best. By his mid-teens his collection of kart titles included a world championship. Onward and upward he sped, easily winning a 1999 Spanish-based championship for single seater racing cars, parlaying his prize of a tryout in a Minardi Formula One car into a drive in 2000 with a Minardi-backed F3000 team and a testing contract with Minardi's Formula One team, in which he made an impressive debut the following season. His obvious potential prompted Renault (formerly Benetton) to sign him as a test driver for 2002, a valuable experience that would enable him to immediately establish himself as a frontrunner when he joined the French automaker's team in 2003. In Malaysia, only his second race for Renault, the 21-year-old became the youngest ever pole winner. Starting from pole again in Hungary, less than a month after his 22nd birthday, he became the youngest Grand Prix winner in history. In 2004 the difficult-to-drive Renault R24 kept him out o


In their original Greek version, what architectural style of fluted column stood directly on the flat pavement (the stylobate) of a temple without a base, topped by a smooth capital that flared from the column to meet a square abacus at the intersection with the horizontal beam (entablature) that they carried?

1000+ images about Doric column on Pinterest | Pedestal, Furniture and Columns Forward Doric Columns, the Hephaestieon It is believed that this style of column is older than Ionic or Corinthian columns. The columns have no base, but stand directly on the foundation of the building or temple. Their vertical shafts are fluted and have a standard number of 20 flutes per column. the shaft also is wider at the bottom than it is at the top connecting to the capital. The top of the column has a round capital that is topped by a square block. See More


In 1779 Captain James Cook, having surveyed the West Coast of the continent of North America, was killed at which islands?

Cook, James – Biography – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1728–1779 Naval officer, cartographer, navigator, explorer This biography was written by        David Mackay        and was first published in the Dictionary of New Zealand BiographyVolume 1, 1990 According to reliable sources James Cook was born on 27 October 1728 at Marton-in-Cleveland, Yorkshire, England; he was baptised on 3 November that year. He was the second child of James Cook, a Scottish day labourer, and his wife, Grace Pace. He attended the Postgate School at Great Ayton in Yorkshire and at the age of 17 was apprenticed to William Sanderson, a haberdasher at Staithes, on the North Sea coast. In 1746 he moved to the port of Whitby, where he was apprenticed to the ship owner and coal shipper John Walker. As a sailor in the North Sea coal trade the young Cook was to familiarise himself with the type of vessel which, years later, he would employ on his epic voyages of discovery. By December 1752 Cook had risen to the position of mate and in 1755 was offered the command of a collier. Instead, on 17 June, he took the unusual step of volunteering into the navy as an able seaman. He enlisted on the 60 gun ship Eagle, on patrol in the English Channel. Within two years he had risen to the position of master and in October 1757 he was shifted to the Pembroke, a 64 gun ship, which was sent to support the war effort against the French in North America. Cook spent the next 10 years in these waters, taking part in the siege of Louisbourg in 1758, and the capture of Quebec the following year. It was on the North American station that he developed the surveying and navigational skills which were to serve him so well in the Pacific. Under the tutelage of Samuel Holland, a military surveyor, he learned the techniques of trigonometrical survey, and developed a capacity for compiling charts and sets of sailing directions, and for taking plans and views, which he applied in the charting of the St Lawrence River. James Cook married Elizabeth Batts in Barking, Essex, on 21 December 1762; of their six children, three were to die in infancy. In April 1763 James Cook was appointed to a special position as surveyor of Newfoundland, and in May he embarked in the Antelope for St John's. The task was to occupy five summers and the quality of this work was remarkable for its precision, comprehensiveness and consistency. Cook was already displaying those attributes which were to become synonymous with his name, and which were to be revealed to the full in his survey of New Zealand. As his reputation grew he enhanced his standing with the Admiralty, and began to attract useful patrons, such as the governor of Newfoundland, Sir Hugh Palliser, and fellows of the Royal Society of London. Before Cook could complete the Newfoundland survey he was appointed to a new command. In February 1768 the Royal Society petitioned the government to send observers 'to the Southwards of the Equinoctial Line' to observe the passage of the planet Venus across the disc of the sun. A pattern of accurate observations at points around the globe would help to determine the distance of the earth from the sun, and from the earth to Venus. In April Cook was appointed to command this expedition; Tahiti, recently discovered by Samuel Wallis, provided an ideal location for the observation. This was the primary objective of Cook's first voyage. The secondary one was the search for the great southern continent, supposed to lie below Lat. 40° S. Cook was promoted to first lieutenant on 25 May 1768 and on 26 August left Plymouth in command of the barque Endeavour, an ex-collier similar to the ones in which he had plied the North Sea. On board was the young scientist Joseph Banks with his retinue of natural historians and artists. This was to be the first of three voyages into the Pacific Ocean during the progress of which the land of New Zealand was to play a vital role as a base for refreshment and refitting. Sailing by way of Cape Horn, Cook reached Tahiti on 13 April 1769, where he stayed almost fou


Who married British actress and producer Trudi Styler in 1992?

Trudie Styler - IMDb IMDb Actress | Producer | Director Trudie Styler was born on January 6, 1954 in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England. She is an actress and producer, known for Snatch (2000), Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998) and Filth (2013). She has been married to Sting since August 20, 1992. They have four children. See full bio » Born:


What name is given to fluctuations in the curvature of spacetime that were predicted to exist by Albert Einstein in 1916 on the basis of his theory of general relativity?

Einstein's Theory of General Relativity: A Simplified Explanation Einstein's Theory of General Relativity By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | July 12, 2016 04:00pm ET MORE Einstein's theory of general relativity predicted that the space-time around Earth would be not only warped but also twisted by the planet's rotation. Gravity Probe B showed this to be correct. Credit: NASA In 1905, Albert Einstein determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and that the speed of light in a vacuum was independent of the motion of all observers. This was the theory of special relativity. It introduced a new framework for all of physics and proposed new concepts of space and time. Einstein then spent 10 years trying to include acceleration in the theory and published his theory of general relativity in 1915. In it, he determined that massive objects cause a distortion in space-time, which is felt as gravity. The tug of gravity Two objects exert a force of attraction on one another known as "gravity." Sir Isaac Newton quantified the gravity between two objects when he formulated his three laws of motion. The force tugging between two bodies depends on how massive each one is and how far apart the two lie. Even as the center of the Earth is pulling you toward it (keeping you firmly lodged on the ground), your center of mass is pulling back at the Earth. But the more massive body barely feels the tug from you, while with your much smaller mass you find yourself firmly rooted thanks to that same force. Yet Newton's laws assume that gravity is an innate force of an object that can act over a distance. Albert Einstein , in his theory of special relativity , determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and he showed that the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels. As a result, he found that space and time were interwoven into a single continuum known as space-time. Events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another. As he worked out the equations for his general theory of relativity, Einstein realized that massive objects caused a distortion in space-time. Imagine setting a large body in the center of a trampoline. The body would press down into the fabric, causing it to dimple. A marble rolled around the edge would spiral inward toward the body, pulled in much the same way that the gravity of a planet pulls at rocks in space. [ Video: How To See Spacetime Stretch ] Experimental evidence Although instruments can neither see nor measure space-time, several of the phenomena predicted by its warping have been confirmed. Einstein's Cross is an example of gravitational lensing. Credit: NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) Gravitational lensing: Light around a massive object, such as a black hole, is bent, causing it to act as a lens for the things that lie behind it. Astronomers routinely use this method to study stars and galaxies behind massive objects. Einstein's Cross, a quasar in the Pegasus constellation , is an excellent example of gravitational lensing. The quasar is about 8 billion light-years from Earth, and sits behind a galaxy that is 400 million light-years away. Four images of the quasar appear around the galaxy because the intense gravity of the galaxy bends the light coming from the quasar. Gravitational lensing can allow scientists to see some pretty cool things, but until recently, what they spotted around the lens has remained fairly static. However, since the light traveling around the lens takes a different path, each traveling over a different amount of time, scientists were able to observe a supernova occur four different times as it was magnified by a massive galaxy. In another interesting observation, NASA's Kepler telescope spotted a dead star, known as a white dwarf, orbiting a red dwarf in a binary system. Although the white dwarf is more massive, it has a far smaller radius than its companion. "The technique is equivalent to spotting a f


Circe transformed Odysseus' companions into what?

CIRCE (Kirke) - Greek Goddess of Sorcery, Sorceress of Aeaea Hoop Round (kirkoô) Circe and Odysseus' men, Athenian red-figure pelike C5th B.C., Staatliche Kunstammlungen Dresden KIRKE (Circe) was a goddess of sorcery (pharmakeia) who was skilled in the magic of transmutation, illusion, and necromancy. She lived on the mythical island of Aiaia (Aeaea) with her nymph companions. When Odysseus came to her island she transformed his men into beasts but, with the help of the god Hermes , he overcame her and forced her to end the spell. Kirke's name is derived from the Greek verb kirkoô meaning "to secure with rings" or "hoop around"--a reference to the binding power of magic. Kirke's island of Aiaia (Aeaea) was located in the far west, near the earth-encircling River Okeanos (Oceanus). Her brother Aeetes' realm in the far east was similarly named Aia (Aea). FAMILY OF CIRCE [1.1] HELIOS & PERSEIS (Homer Odyssey 10.135, Hesiod Theogony 956, Apollodorus 1.80, Apollonius Rhodius 4.584) [1.2] HELIOS (Homer's Epigrams XIV, Hyginus Fabulae 199, Ovid Metamorphoses 13.898, Valerius Flaccus 7.210) [1.3] AEETES & HEKATE (Diodorus Siculus 4.45.1) OFFSPRING [1.1] AGRIOS, LATINOS (by Odysseus) (Hesiod Theogony 1011) [1.2] TELEGONOS (by Odysseus) (Homerica Returns Frag 4, Homerica Telegony Frag 1, Plutarch Greek Roman Parallel Stories 41, Hyginus Fabulae 127, Oppian Halieutica 2.497) [1.3] NAUSITHOUS, TELEGONOS (by Odysseus) (Hyginus Fabulae 125) [2.1] LATINOS (by Telemakhos) (Hyginus Fabulae 127) [3.1] PHAUNOS (by Poseidon ) (Nonnus Dionysiaca 13.327 & 37.10) ENCYCLOPEDIA CIRCE (Kirkê), a mythical sorceress, whom Homer calls a fair-locked goddess, a daughter of Helios by the Oceanid Perse, and a sister of Aeëtes. (Od. x. 135.) She lived in the island of Aeaea; and when Odysseus on his wanderings came to her island, Circe, after having changed several of his companions into pigs, became so much attached to the unfortunate hero, that he was induced to remain a whole year with her. At length, when he wished to leave her, she prevailed upon him to descend into the lower world to consult the seer Teiresias. After his return from thence, she explained to him the dangers which he would yet have to encounter, and then dismissed him. (Od. lib. x.--xii.; comp. Hygin. Fab. 125.) Her descent is differently described by the poets, for some call her a daughter of Hyperion and Aerope (Orph. Argon. 1215), and others a daughter of Aeëtes and Hecate. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iii. 200.) According to Hesiod (Theog. 1011) she became by Odysseus the mother of Agrius. The Latin poets too make great use of the story of Circe, the sorceress, who metamorphosed Scylla and Picus, king of the Ausonians. (Ov. Met. xiv. 9, &c.) AEAEA (Aiaia). A surname of Circe, the sister of Aeëtes. (Hom. Od. ix. 32; Apollon. Rhod. iv. 559; Virg. Aen. iii. 386.) Her son Telegonus is likewise mentioned with this surname. (Acaeus, Propert. ii. 23. § 42.) Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES Circe, Odysseus and his transformed men, Pseudo-Chalcidian black-figure vase C6th B.C., Private Collection Homer, Odyssey 10. 135 ff (trans. Shewring) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) : "Kirke (Circe), a goddess with braided hair, with human speech and with strange powers; baleful Aeetes was her brother, and both were radiant Helios the sun-god's children; their mother was Perse, Okeanos' (Oceanus') daughter." Hesiod, Theogony 956 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "And Perseis, the daughter of Okeanos (Oceanus), bare to unwearying Helios (the Sun) Kirke (Circe) and Aeetes the king." Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1. 80 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "The Kholkhians (Colchians) who were ruled by Aeetes, the son of Helios and Perseis, and brother of Kirke (Circe) and Minos' wife Pasiphae." Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 4. 584 ff (trans. Rieu) (Greek epic C3rd B.C.) : "Kirke (Circe), daughter of Perse and Helios." Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 4. 45. 1 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek historian C1st B.C.) : "[A la


What is an Orange Stick? (with pictures) What is an Orange Stick? Originally Written By: R. Wood Revised By: C. Mitchell Last Modified Date: 14 December 2016 Copyright Protected: You won't believe these 10 facts about people An orange stick is a manicure tool used for cleaning fingernails and pushing back cuticles . It is traditionally made of wood, but can also be metal; sometimes it is orange in color, but not usually. One end of the stick is generally pointed and somewhat sharp while the other is flat and angled, and manicurists use each for different functions. The tool is very portable and generally inexpensive, making it an easy way to maintain nails on the go. General Characteristics These tools are typically quite small, and are often said to resemble a narrow pencil at first glance. They tend to be roughly 4 inches (about 10 cm) long and anywhere from 0.25 to 0.5 inches (about 1.25 cm) in diameter, and as such they fit comfortably in the palms of most people’s hands. The end that is flat is most often used to push the cuticles away from the nail beds of both the fingers and toes and to buff the edge and top surface of the nail itself. The pointed, sharper end can scrape debris from underneath the nail. Most modern orange sticks are made of inexpensive wood, and often come in multi-packs of 10 or more. They are often considered more or less disposable and aren’t usually designed to last a lifetime. Sturdier metal models, on the other hand, may hold up better, but these tend to be more expensive. There is some controversy when it comes to how the name “orange stick” came to be. One common belief is that the original tools were made of wood from the orange tree. A competing theory teaches that one of the most popular early manufacturers delivered the sticks to clients in an orange paper envelope. The name has stuck whatever its origins, even though the sticks themselves are rarely ever orange in color. In Manicures and Pedicures These tools are typically used at the beginning of a manicure. Clients will usually soften their cuticles first, often by soaking the hands in warm water or coating them in a paraffin wax . Once the skin is loose and malleable the manicurist will use the flat end of the stick to push the cuticle skin lower on the nail. This action is usually performed gently, as the skin around the nails can be quite delicate. The top of the nail’s surface can be buffed to a sheen with the flat end, too. Soaking the hands will usually also loosen dirt and other debris that may be stuck underneath the fingernail itself. Nail technicians can use the pointed end to scrape this out, but again they will want to be gentle to avoid poking the sensitive skin beneath the nail bed . The stick may make a reappearance at the end of a manicure to clean around the nails, particularly if polish has been applied. Either the pointed or the flat edge can be useful in cleaning up errant color and making sure that painted edges are tidy and neat. The tool can be used during a pedicure in much the same way, though most technicians are careful to keep sticks used on the hands and feet separate. As such, a person getting both a manicure and a pedicure will typically require two orange sticks, even if they are getting both procedures at the same time by the same technician. In most cases this is a safety precaution since the feet often carry bacteria that can cause infection. Bacteria typically only pass through broken skin, but the scraping done on and around the cuticles is often sensitive enough that technicians don’t want to take any risks. Home Use These sticks are also popular for individuals to use on themselves, either as part of a home manicure or just as a means of regular nail maintenance and upkeep. In most cases they are very economical to purchase and are very portable; people often keep one at home, one at the office, and one in a purse or briefcase. Sometimes they also come with a protective carry case to keep them from collecting dust and debris. Health and Safety Precautions Orange sticks should be kept sterile


Jordan's King Abdullah, Queen Rania and war on ISIS - CNN.com Story highlights King Abdullah II personally vowed vengeance to the father of Lt. Moath al-Kasasbeh Queen Rania consoled the grieving wife of the pilot who was burned alive in a cage (CNN) After the horrific burning death of Jordanian pilot Lt. Moath al-Kasasbeh by ISIS militants, King Abdullah II personally vowed to the pilot's father that he would take vengeance, unleashing airstrikes against key targets of the terror group in Syria. "You shall know who the Jordanians are," the armed forces warned in a statement. Such words could have come straight from the mouth of the King himself -- a former major general in the Jordanian army. Queen Rania consoled the grieving wife of the pilot who was burned alive in a cage. The Queen, a mother of four, took to the streets of Amman with thousands of Jordanians to honor al-Kasasbeh and condemn his killers. Jordanian King Abdullah II, right, talks with Safi al-Kasasbeh, father of slain Jordanian pilot, Lt. Moath al-Kasasbeh, on February 5. The calm but defiant throngs waved signs saying: "Moath, the martyr of justice." Read More They chanted: "Long live the King." Here are five things to know about the royals and the ramifications of Jordan's war on ISIS: Who is King Abdullah II? The opening line of the King's official profile lays out his place in the Hashemite dynasty as the "41st-generation direct descendant of the Prophet Mohammad." He inherited the Hashemite crown in February 1999 following the death of King Hussein. The dynasty has held power in Jordan since 1921. Abdullah, 53, was a political unknown who was catapulted into the limelight when his father, before he died, pushed aside the crown prince, Abdullah's uncle Hassan, as heir to the throne. King Abdullah II of Jordan waits for a meeting with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee February 3 in Washington. The son of King Hussein's second wife, the British Princess Mona, Abdullah headed Jordan's special forces, a critical position in a country where the army is one of the throne's important pillars. Educated in Britain and the United States, Abdullah was seen as a bridge between traditional Arab values and the surging westernization of Jordan's younger generations. He attended St. Edmund's School in England, and Eaglebrook School, followed by Deerfield Academy, both prep schools in Massachusetts. His command of the English language is greater than his Arabic -- which has raised some eyebrows at home. His lack of experience when he became King led some to question his ability to hang around long in one of the world's roughest neighborhoods. His official biography describes Abdullah as a "man of action" even as a young prince. He flew helicopters, planes and parachuted. He has a passion for cars and motorcycles. He is a former Jordan National Rally champion. A Trekkie, Abdullah appeared as an officer in a 1996 episode of "Star Trek: Voyager." In a country the size of Maine, with staggering unemployment and a widening gap between rich and poor, the new monarch was known to venture out incognito to get a feel for the problems plaguing ordinary Jordanians. He visited hospitals and government offices in disguises, including wigs and a fake beard. "The greatest fear I have, as time goes on, you can very easily become isolated," he told CNN in 2000. Who is Queen Rania? Rania Al-Yassin met Abdullah in 1993. They were engaged and married that year. Queen Rania has become known for her philanthropic work, pushing for better educational facilities for Jordan's school children and supporting efforts to empower women. Some see Rania, 44, as a symbol of the contradictions that still blight the region as it tries to come to terms with modernity. She is the business graduate who left her job at a multinational to marry into a monarchy that has ruled Jordan for decades -- at times an iron rule. Queen Rania of Jordan consoles Anwar Al Tarawneh, the wife of the Jordanian pilot Moath al-Kasasbeh, who was burned to death by ISIS. She speaks passionately about freedom of speech an


What was the real name of the fictional character Jason Bourne, the main character in 3 films based on stories by Robert Ludlam?

More Sequels: Fourth Jason Bourne Film on Track for 2010 | FirstShowing.net More Sequels: Fourth Jason Bourne Film on Track for 2010 Source: IESB Although the ending to The Bourne Ultimatum last summer was ranked by EW as one of 40 perfect endings , that's not stopping Universal from continuing on the franchise. Late last year there were early rumblings of a fourth Bourne movie being in the works, but nothing major was confirmed until this year, when Universal announced that they were trying to make it happen. Now we have some new details from producer Frank Marshall courtesy of IESB . Marshall said that they're currently working on a story, but since the fourth book wasn't written by Robert Ludlum, they want to do something entirely on their own. With that in development, they're hoping to shoot next summer for release in 2010. Marshall told IESB on the red carpet of the Saturn Awards that Bourne 4, as it's being called, will "absolutely" happen. Since the fourth book, titled The Bourne Legacy , was written by Eric Van Lustbader instead of Ludlum because he was no longer alive at the time, they're going to go down their own path. "We're probably going to take our own direction and we're working on what that storyline's gonna be right now." As for where Bourne might be going to this time, since he already made it all the way back to New York City - South America. Marshall says that they'll probably take him "down south" to South America in the fourth installment, but story details aren't fully finished yet. In February, Universal confirmed that they're bringing Matt Damon and Paul Greengrass back to work on Bourne 4, however not much else has been mentioned since then. Damon is a busy guy, always working on new films, like Greengrass' Green Zone and Steven Soderbergh's The Informant . To be honest, the Bourne films always kept getting better and better, so with Greengrass and Damon back, I'd love to see Bourne 4 get made. I really think it would be great to see Bourne return primarily because he's worked his way up to the level of James Bond where he's become a character that can step outside of the confines of one storyline. Would you be up for seeing Jason Bourne return in 2010? Find more posts in Hype , Movie News , Opinions Discover more on ZergNet: ZergNet Maxx Personally I hope I am wrong in this assessment but I think this is a bad direction...the reason every Bourne film got better was because of Ludlum's literary genius on how to make a suspenseful tone in the story...yes of course the screenwriters do their part to make a novel into a film but to just start from scratch? it worries me...I would love to have a fourth film as well but I am on the fence on this one...I would have to wait for more on the story until I know if I am interested in seeing it...     (who am I kidding...if Greengrass and Damon come back I will probably be the first at the opening show in my town...)     I just hope I am wrong and they write an amazing story that wont ruin the franchise... P I'd love to see a 4th film, although it is a shame as it all worked really well as a trilogy and I loved the ending of 3. I think the films were only really very loosely based around the books anyway though. ZERO STOP DON'T Do IT I loved the bourne movies and the fact that they were based on the books was good but their is no fourth book so to just "go with it" i think is a bad Idea I'de hate to see them Mess up the Bourne sereis Absolutely. The more the merrier. Riley I'm torn. I absolutely loved the Bourne series. But a 4th one that is subpar could spoil it. Where is the image from the article from? I'd like to see the full thing. John bourne 4, bourne conspiracy. thats the same name of the game. Jedi I'm sure that people complained when the Bond franchise continued after there were no more Ian Fleming books left, too. It's good to see that they've already decided against using material from a sub-par fourth book for the new movie. Hopefully it means that they're going to do a better job with a fresh storyline. They've got a great set of


What is the name of the engraved stone, discovered in 1799, that provided a key to deciphering the languages of ancient Egypt?

Egypt Ancient, CHAMPOLLION, Jean-Francois(1790-1832) and the Rosetta Stone Ancient Egypt,  CHAMPOLLION,   Jean-Francois (1790-1832) and the Rosetta Stone The interesting thing about the Rosetta Stone is that the   writing is repeated three times in different alphabets: 196 BC: Rosetta Stone engraved In the ninth year of the reign of Egyptian King Ptolemy V   Epiphanes, the temple priests recorded the events of his kingship on a black   basalt stone. Discovered in 1799 by Napoleon's army in Rashid, or Rosetta,   Egypt, this stone provided the key to the oldest and most difficult Egyptian   writing system, hieroglyphics. The usefulness of the Rosetta Stone was in the repetition of   text in three writing systems: hieroglyphics; demotic script, a later form   of hieroglyphics that was used in everyday documents "for the people," as   its name means; and ancient Greek. The deciphering of the stone was the work   of British physician and physicist Thomas Young, who determined the   direction in which certain symbols were to be read, and the French linguist   Jean-Francois Champollion, who worked on the stone in 1821 and 1822. Their   work enabled scholars to understand all forms of Egyptian hieroglyphics. The Rosetta stone is an irregularly shaped stone of black   basalt that was found near the town of Rashid, or Rosetta, Egypt, in 1799.   It bears inscriptions in the two ancient languages of Greek and Egyptian.   Jean-Francois Champollion used this stone to figure out, for the first time,   the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics. In addition to his role in   translating this ancient picture language, he was the founder of scientific   Egyptology and a brilliant historian and linguist. Champollion was born in Figeac, France, on Dec. 23, 1790. By the age of   16 he had mastered six ancient Middle Eastern languages as well as Latin and   Greek. When only 19 he was named professor of history at the Lyceum of   Grenoble. His constant preoccupation became the deciphering of   hieroglyphics. He succeeded at this difficult task because the Rosetta stone   is inscribed with known Greek equivalents of the ancient Egyptian writing.   He published his first papers on hieroglyphics in 1821 and 1822 and   established a list of the signs and their Greek translations. In 1826 Champollion became director of the Egyptian collection at the   Louvre museum in Paris, and two years later he conducted an archaeological   expedition to Egypt. In 1831 he was given the professorship of Egyptian   antiquities, which had been created especially for him, at the College of   France. His published works included an Egyptian grammar and dictionary, the   'Primer of the Hieroglyphic System', and a book entitled 'Egyptian   Pantheon'. 1822: Rosetta Stone deciphered Visitors to the British Museum in London can inspect a piece of black   basalt measuring 45 inches (114 centimeters) by 28.5 inches (72 centimeters)   upon which are inscribed ancient Egyptian and Greek texts. This chunk of   basalt is one of the most valuable archaeological finds ever made. It was   found near Rash d (or Rosetta), Egypt, in 1799 by a Frenchman named   Bouchard, after Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. When the French were forced to surrender their conquest to England in   1801, the Rosetta Stone fell into British hands and found its way to the   British Museum. When experts were allowed to examine the stone, they noted   that it had inscriptions in hieroglyphics, demotic script (derived from   hieroglyphics), and ancient Greek. It was the presence of Greek that   provided Thomas Young of England and Jean-Francois Champollion of France   with the key to translating the inscriptions. Champollion began publishing the results of his work in 1821-22. He and   Young laid the foundation for translation of all later Egyptian hieroglyphic   texts. Home Page


What name did Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe perform under?

Ferdinand Joseph Lamothe (1885 - 1941) - Genealogy Ferdinand Joseph Lamothe in Los Angeles, CA, USA Immediate Family: Sep 20 1885 - New Orleans, Orleans, Louisiana, United States Death: Genealogy link: http://www.doctorjazz.co.uk/genealogy.html The self-proclaimed inventor of Jazz and Stomp music, Morton grew up in the right environment to absorb a variety of musical influences: New Orleans, Louisiana. Born out of wedlock (the date is disputed as the baptismal record shows October 20), he eventually adopted for his own a variation of his stepfathers name, Mouton. Considered a true Creole, he was a mulatto, which created its own set of difficulties, as the darker communities did not always accept light skinned blacks, yet they were still too black for the white communities. Ferdinand got past this by communicating through music. He learned guitar at age 7, and piano at 10. In his teens, Morton became one of the most renowned pianists in Storyville, the red light district of New Orleans. In 1904, Morton traveled to St. Louis to play at the Lewis and Clark Exposition, likely on the Pike, and to absorb local musical influences. There was a contest there that he says he demurred from due to the presence of Tony Jackson playing there. However, from this point on, he lived the ultimate itinerant pianist's life, traveling from town to town, carousing with local women, hustling in pool halls, and taking in the culture wherever he went. Morton's style was unique and emulated by many pianists, although rarely duplicated. It had a bounce to it, and he used many chord inversions instead of expected chord placements. His music was also more instrumental in nature, as he played and recorded with many groups, and was able to imitate various instruments in his playing. Among the most influential stops in his travels were extended stays in Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and the San Diego/Tijuana area. At the latter, he took in a lot of the Mexican and Latin influences, and wrote a series of "Spanish tinge" pieces. A ladies man to the end, he also married at least once during this time, and later had a common-law marriage that lasted to the end of his life. "Jelly Roll" spent several years out on the west coast, playing from Los Angeles up through the Barbary Coast area around San Francisco, including an appearance near the end of the 1915 Worlds Fair in the Bay Area. In 1917 Morton registered for the draft in Los Angeles, yet he gave a Chicago address and listed an employer in San Francisco. During this period he may have finally been based in Chicago, as many of his peers would be within the next two to three years, but still traveling in the west. In the 1920's, Morton spent a great deal of time in Chicago where he did a lot of recording with his own band, the Red Hot Peppers. Their recordings were legendary and quickly became best sellers in the Victor catalog. He also absorbed a lot of blues influence during this stay, and wrote many of his finest blues pieces while in Chicago, and later in New York. One of his more important positions while in Chicago was as a composer and staff arranger for the Melrose Brothers Music Company, which was responsible for putting many of the early traditional jazz works into print. By the mid 1930's, Morton had moved from New York to Washington, D.C., where he was all but forgotten in the wake of the swing era. Morton worked in and may have had some ownership in a downtown Washington D.C. bar, where he was fortuitously rediscovered by historian Alan Lomax in 1938. With the help of the Library of Congress, Lomax took Morton to an auditorium in Washington to do a series of recordings of Morton's music and stories of his life, from which he derived the first printed biography of the jazz master, albeit with many holes and misinformation. Jelly Roll was so encouraged by this interest that he went back to New York, ignoring his failing health and advice from his friends, and attempted a comeback through some recording sessions. He even joined ASCAP in 1939, very late in his career. Morton's


"What is the simple past tense of the verb ""swim""?"

English verb swim conjugated in all tenses. I    will have been swimming you  will have been swimming he   will have been swimming we   will have been swimming you  will have been swimming they will have been swimming Conditional


Who is the native American subject of a poem by Longfellow?

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Poet | Academy of American Poets Academy of American Poets The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy’s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. browse poems & poets 1807-1882 , Portland , ME , United States Related Schools & Movements:  read poems by this poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine—then still part of Massachusetts—on February 27, 1807, the second son in a family of eight children. His mother, Zilpah Wadsworth, was the daughter of a Revolutionary War hero. His father, Stephen Longfellow, was a prominent Portland lawyer and later a member of Congress. Henry was a dreamy boy who loved to read. He heard sailors speaking Spanish, French and German in the Portland streets and liked stories set in foreign places: The Arabian Nights, Robinson Crusoe, and the plays of Shakespeare . After graduating from Bowdoin College, Longfellow studied modern languages in Europe for three years, then returned to Bowdoin to teach them. In 1831 he married Mary Storer Potter of Portland, a former classmate, and soon published his first book, a description of his travels called Outre Mer ("Overseas"). But in November 1835, during a second trip to Europe, Longfellow's life was shaken when his wife died during a miscarriage. The young teacher spent a grief-stricken year in Germany and Switzerland. Longfellow took a position at Harvard in 1836. Three years later, at the age of thirty-two, he published his first collection of poems, Voices of the Night, followed in 1841 by Ballads and Other Poems. Many of these poems ("A Psalm of Life," for example) showed people triumphing over adversity, and in a struggling young nation that theme was inspiring. Both books were very popular, but Longfellow's growing duties as a professor left him little time to write more. In addition, Frances Appleton, a young woman from Boston, had refused his proposal of marriage. Frances finally accepted his proposal the following spring, ushering in the happiest eighteen years of Longfellow's life. The couple had six children, five of whom lived to adulthood, and the marriage gave him new confidence. In 1847, he published Evangeline, a book-length poem about what would now be called "ethnic cleansing." The poem takes place as the British drive the French from Nova Scotia, and two lovers are parted, only to find each other years later when the man is about to die. In 1854, Longfellow decided to quit teaching to devote all his time to poetry. He published Hiawatha, a long poem about Native American life, and The Courtship of Miles Standish and Other Poems. Both books were immensely successful, but Longfellow was now preoccupied with national events. With the country moving toward civil war, he wrote " Paul Revere's Ride ," a call for courage in the coming conflict. A few months after the war began in 1861, Frances Longfellow was sealing an envelope with wax when her dress caught fire. Despite her husband's desperate attempts to save her, she died the next day. Profoundly saddened, Longfellow published nothing for the next two years. He found comfort in his family and in reading Dante ’s Divine Comedy. (Later, he produced its first American translation.) Tales of a Wayside Inn,<> largely written before his wife's death, was published in 1863. When the Civil War ended in 1865, the poet was fifty-eight. His most important work was finished, but his fame kept growing. In London alone, twenty-four different companies were publishing his work. His poems were popular throughout the English-speaking world, and they were widely tran


What is the generic title of a series of French comic strips that first appeared in French in the magazine Pilote on 29 October 1959?

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Sean Murphy became the World Champion in 2005 in what sport?

BBC SPORT | Other Sport | Snooker | Shaun Murphy - Did you know...? Shaun Murphy - Did you know...? Murphy is marrying his fiancee Claire this summer Shaun Murphy caused a huge upset in claiming the snooker World Championship at the Crucible on Monday. Although he has been a professional for eight years, few outside the sport had heard of him - and even insiders gave him no chance when the event began. Snooker fans are destined to hear much more about the 22-year-old in the future but here are a few facts to be going on with: 1. The ï¿½250,000 World Championship first prize is more than 16 times bigger than Murphy's previous best pay day. 2. The 22-year-old plans to spend some of the money on a Mercedes and on his forthcoming wedding. 3. He met his fiancee on the internet in a Christian chatroom. 4. Murphy was 150-1 to win the World Championship before the tournament started. 5. He turned professional when he was just 14. 6. Murphy was born in the same week that Dexy's Midnight Runners' smash hit Come On Eileen reached number one in the charts. 7. His dad bought him his first cue from a jumble sale when he was eight years old - by the age of ten he had knocked in a century break. 8. As a budding 13-year-old player, he picked up a ï¿½5,000-a-year sponsorship deal with the Doc Martens shoe company. 9. By then he had made two 147 breaks - and had beaten Jimmy White and Stephen Hendry in one-frame exhibition matches. 10. Even at that young age, his aim was to beat the record of Hendry who at 21, became the youngest-ever world champion. Murphy missed out by a year. 11. His run to the final earned him the nickname "Magician". 12. His father Tony is a World Snooker board member. 13. Murphy had never won a match at the Crucible until this year's World Championship. 14. He won using an adapted 1930s cue once owned by Ray Reardon. Cue maker Rodney Hinde fitted the new tip just two weeks before the tournament started. 15. Murphy is a single-figure handicap golfer.


What is the name of the cross-pieces on a guitar fingerboard?

10 Things You've Gotta Know About the Fretboard | LESSON | GuitarPlayer Next Page EVER FEEL A LITTLE OUT OF TOUCH OR just plain lost on certain parts of the guitar fingerboard? You’re certainly not alone. Consider this: A standard-tuned, 6-string guitar with a 22-fret ’board has a range just shy of four octaves and contains five middle Cs, while a full-size piano keyboard covers over seven octaves yet it has only one middle C. What’s up with that?!? It’s simply the nature of the instrument. By design, the keyboard relegates any given pitch to a single key, while the guitar fingerboard offers anywhere from one to five different string and fret locations for the same note. These multiple repetitions of the same pitch afford guitarists many options for where to play any given note, but they also cause considerable confusion for beginners or players who often feel lost above the 5th fret, particularly on the inside four strings. Memorizing the address, (i.e., location) of each and every note on the fingerboard can take years, but there are ways to hasten the process. Wanna know how to find and maintain your bearings anywhere on the fretboard? First, you’ve gotta... 1. KNOW YOUR BASICS Let’s begin by reviewing some rudimentary musical knowledge. The basic units of measurement in Western music are the half-step, or semitone, which translates on the guitar to a distance of one fret, and the whole-step, or whole tone, which covers two frets. The musical alphabet consists of seven natural notes: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. All of these adjacent notes are spaced a whole-step apart, with two exceptions, B-to-C and E-to-F, which are half-steps. With all that in mind, it’s time to… 2. MAP THE TERRITORY Compare the guitar fingerboard to a piano keyboard, the birthplace of music theory, and you’ll find that while the keyboard separates natural notes and accidentals (sharps and flats—more on those in a minute) into tidy white and black keys that lie along a horizontal plane and repeat every octave, the guitar offers no such easy path to note recognition. Many traditional beginner methods cover notes up to the 3rd or 5th fret, but above that, we are essentially left to our own devices. Placed on a full fingerboard grid, or matrix, the natural notes manifest as shown in FIGURE 1. Granted, that’s a lot of notes to memorize, but the first thing to remember is that unless you change tunings, every note’s address is permanent. They ain’t going nowhere. Now, what about all those empty spaces?  3. ADD ACCIDENTALS ON PURPOSE The remaining five tones within any octave (an increment of 12 half-steps) are annotated using accidentals, or sharp and flat symbols. A sharp (#) raises a note by one half-step, while a flat (b) lowers it a half-step. Enharmonic notes occur when two different accidentals are used to indicate the same pitch, i.e., A#=Bb, C#=Db, D#=Eb, F#=Gb, and G#=Ab. The grid illustrated in FIGURE 2 fills in the holes in FIGURE 1 with all of the missing accidentals, completing the “big picture.” Think of it as your universe. Now, let’s start breaking down this giant cluster***k and find out what’s really going on here. 4. REPEAT YOURSELF FIGURE 3 diagrams the guitar’s five middle Cs on five different strings. (Fact: Standard guitar notation sounds an octave lower than written.) Notice how the notes on any pair of adjacent strings are equidistant (five frets apart) except between the second and third strings, where the distance is reduced by one fret. Once you realize that this relationship is always maintained regardless of what note you start with, you can find unisons on higher or lower strings by using the same formula, except in the extreme low and high registers where notes only appear once. (Lick of the Day: Pick any pitch that appears four times and play it sequentially on four adjacent strings. Repeat many times in either direction as quickly as possible.) Next, we add some octaves and… 5. ENTER THE MATRIX Any given note can be found in various octaves at six locations between open position and the 12th fret. Because the fretboard rep