Which ‘Surveyor of the Queen’s Pictures’ turned out to be the ‘fourth man’?

The fourth man speaks: Last testimony of Anthony Blunt | The Independent News The fourth man speaks: Last testimony of Anthony Blunt After 25 years locked away, the memoirs of a Cambridge spy have finally been released. Andy McSmith discovers what drove him to betray his country Wednesday 22 July 2009 23:00 BST Click to follow The fourth man speaks: Last testimony of Anthony Blunt 1/2 2/2 PA Avery sad, isolated old man set down to write an account of his life, 25 years ago, hoping that he might explain the terrible mistake that had hung over the whole of his adult life. Yesterday the public got its first view of the last testimony of Anthony Blunt, art historian and Soviet spy, which had been kept under a lock and key in the British Library since he died, subject to a 25-year rule banning anyone from reading them. The quarter century is now up and anyone curious enough can join the queue of readers at the library to dip into a long memoir by an old man looking back on a life soured by what he called the, "biggest mistake of my life". He had confessed in 1964 but his treachery and confession were kept as state secret for 15 years until, in 1979, the writer Andrew Boyle used the US Freedom of Information Act, for which there was then no British equivalent, to tease out the fact that there was an unnamed "fourth man" in the Cambridge spy ring. Margaret Thatcher then identified that person as Sir Anthony, Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures. He describes the start of his fascination with Guy Burgess, the man who drew him into the murky world of espionage. When they first met, in 1931, Blunt was 24 and a don at Trinity College in Cambridge while Burgess was a 20-year-old undergraduate. They were both gay, but Blunt denies they were ever lovers. At first he was put off by the younger man, "because he began immediately to talk very indiscreetly about the private lives of people who were quite unknown to me". But later he fell for "the liveliness and penetrating quality of his mind". Blunt wrote: "He could be perverse both in argument and in behaviour, but in the former he would wriggle back to sense and in the latter he would apologise in such an engaging manner that it was difficult to be angry for long. His sex life was already fairly full, but he did not blazon it about as he was to do later." Blunt was not then interested in politics, despite the events unfolding in Europe, but Burgess was. "I found that Cambridge had been hit by Marxism and that most of my friends among my junior contemporaries – including Guy Burgess – had either joined the Communist Party or were at least very close to it politically. "Eventually, largely owing to the influence of Guy Burgess ... I realised that one could no longer stand aside. The issue of Fascism, as posed by the advent to power of Hitler and later by the Spanish Civil War, became so urgent that the Ivory Tower no longer provided adequate refuge." Blunt considered following his friend's lead by joining the Communist Party, until Burgess revealed the startling secret that he had resigned on instructions from the Comintern, who wanted him working for them inside the government or the BBC. "I was thus faced with the most important decision of my life. I might have joined the Communist Party, but Guy, who was an extraordinarily persuasive person, convinced me that I could do more good by joining him in his work. What I did not realise at the time is that I was so naïve politically that I was not justified in committing myself to any political action of this kind. The atmosphere in Cambridge was so intense, the enthusiasm for any anti-fascist activity was so great, that I made the biggest mistake of my life." Blunt also confirmed what historians of the spy trade have long suspected, that Burgess fled east on impulse. Investigators were closing in on Donald Maclean, a London-based diplomat known to his soviet spymasters as "Homer". Burgess and the leader of the Cambridge spy ring, Kim Philby, were in New York. Philby persuaded Burgess to cross the Atlantic to warn Maclean, not expecting they wo


Which relatively common affliction is known formally as ‘hemicrania’?

The clinical characteristics of headache in patients with pituitary tumours | Brain The clinical characteristics of headache in patients with pituitary tumours You have accessRestricted access M. J. Levy, M. S. Matharu, K. Meeran, M. Powell, P. J. Goadsby DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh525 1921-1930 First published online: 11 May 2005 PDF Summary The clinical characteristics of 84 patients with pituitary tumour who had troublesome headache were investigated. The patients presented with chronic (46%) and episodic (30%) migraine, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT; 5%), cluster headache (4%), hemicrania continua (1%) and primary stabbing headache (27%). It was not possible to classify the headache according to International Headache Society diagnostic criteria in six cases (7%). Cavernous sinus invasion was present in the minority of presentations (21%), but was present in two of three patients with cluster headache. SUNCT-like headache was only seen in patients with acromegaly and prolactinoma. Hypophysectomy improved headache in 49% and exacerbated headache in 15% of cases. Somatostatin analogues improved acromegaly-associated headache in 64% of cases, although rebound headache was described in three patients. Dopamine agonists improved headache in 25% and exacerbated headache in 21% of cases. In certain cases, severe exacerbations in headache were observed with dopamine agonists. Headache appears to be a significant problem in pituitary disease and is associated with a range of headache phenotypes. The presenting phenotype is likely to be governed by a combination of factors, including tumour activity, relationship to the cavernous sinus and patient predisposition to headache. A proposed modification of the current classification of pituitary-associated headache is given. pituitary tumour SUNCT = short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing Introduction The clinical presentation of pituitary adenomas is dependent upon both structural and functional properties of the tumour ( Adams, 2002 ). It is unclear whether headache, a common symptom of pituitary disease ( Abe et al., 1998 ), is a structural or functional consequence of pituitary disease. Although dural stretch and cavernous sinus invasion are widely considered the mechanisms of headache in pituitary disease ( Forsyth and Posner, 1993 ), the evidence suggests that this is not the case ( Abe et al., 1998 ; Levy et al., 2004 ). Headache is a recognized feature of small, non-invasive functional tumours, particularly prolactinomas ( Abe et al., 1998 ; Millan Guerrero and Isais Cardenas, 1999 ), and pituitary tumour size itself is unrelated to headache ( Levy et al., 2004 ), both of which suggest that tumour activity may be important in some forms of pituitary tumour-associated headache. The presentation and mechanisms of headache in pituitary disease have not been widely investigated. Abe and colleagues (1998) described the headache characteristics in 19 patients with pituitary tumours, reporting generalized and predominantly bilateral frontal headache ( Abe et al., 1998 ). However, with the advent of a systematic classification of headache ( Headache Classification Committee of The International Headache Society, 1988 ) and its subsequent revision ( Headache Classification Committee of The International Headache Society, 2004 ), the opportunity exists to carefully phenotype the headache seen with pituitary tumours. This effort has the prospect of providing clinical information with which to manage such patients and may provide some insights into the primary headaches that are manifest with pituitary disease. The aim of this study was to describe prospectively the phenotypic characteristics of pituitary tumour related headache in a large series of patients. Moreover, we sought to correlate the headache presentations with the tumour biology. We have presented the data in preliminary form ( Levy et al., 2003c ), where we note the range of primary h


CDC | TB | Fact Sheets - BCG Vaccine Fact Sheets BCG Vaccine Introduction BCG, or bacille Calmette-Guerin, is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease. Many foreign-born persons have been BCG-vaccinated. BCG is used in many countries with a high prevalence of TB to prevent childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary disease. However, BCG is not generally recommended for use in the United States because of the low risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the variable effectiveness of the vaccine against adult pulmonary TB, and the vaccine’s potential interference with tuberculin skin test reactivity. The BCG vaccine should be considered only for very select persons who meet specific criteria and in consultation with a TB expert. Recommendations Children. BCG vaccination should only be considered for children who have a negative tuberculin skin test and who are continually exposed, and cannot be separated from, adults who Are untreated or ineffectively treated for TB disease (if the child cannot be given long-term treatment for infection); or Have TB caused by strains resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. Health Care Workers. BCG vaccination of health care workers should be considered on an individual basis in settings in which A high percentage of TB patients are infected with M. tuberculosis strains resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin; There is ongoing transmission of such drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains to health care workers and subsequent infection is likely; or Comprehensive TB infection-control precautions have been implemented, but have not been successful. Health care workers considered for BCG vaccination should be counseled regarding the risks and benefits associated with both BCG vaccination and treatment of Latent TB Infection (LTBI). Contraindications Immunosuppression. BCG vaccination should not be given to persons who are immunosuppressed (e.g., persons who are HIV infected) or who are likely to become immunocompromised (e.g., persons who are candidates for organ transplant). Pregnancy. BCG vaccination should not be given during pregnancy. Even though no harmful effects of BCG vaccination on the fetus have been observed, further studies are needed to prove its safety. Testing for TB in BCG-Vaccinated Persons The tuberculin skin test (TST) and blood tests to detect TB infection are not contraindicated for persons who have been vaccinated with BCG. Tuberculin Skin Test (TST). BCG vaccination may cause a false-positive reaction to the TST, which may complicate decisions about prescribing treatment. The presence or size of a TST reaction in persons who have been vaccinated with BCG does not predict whether BCG will provide any protection against TB disease. Furthermore, the size of a TST reaction in a BCG-vaccinated person is not a factor in determining whether the reaction is caused by LTBI or the prior BCG vaccination. (See below for specific guidance on skin test results.) TB Blood Tests. Blood tests to detect TB infection, unlike the TST, are not affected by prior BCG vaccination and are less likely to give a false-positive result. Treatment for LTBI in BCG-Vaccinated Persons Treatment of LTBI substantially reduces the risk that TB infection will progress to disease. Careful assessment to rule out the possibility of TB disease is necessary before treatment for LTBI is started. Evaluation of TST reactions in persons vaccinated with BCG should be interpreted using the same criteria for those not BCG-vaccinated. Persons in the following high-risk groups should be given treatment for LTBI if their reaction to the TST is at least 5 mm of induration or they have a positive result using a TB blood test: HIV-infected persons Recent contacts to a TB case Persons with fibrotic changes on chest radiograph consistent with old TB Patients with organ transplants Persons who are immunosuppressed for other reasons (e.g., taking the equivalent of >15 mg/day of prednisone for 1 month or longer, taking TNF-a antagonists) In addition, persons in the following high-risk groups should be considered for treat


Which creature is considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus?

About Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever| Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC Ebola Virus Ecology and Transmission Ebola, previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees). Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family Filoviridae , genus Ebolavirus. There are five identified Ebola virus species, four of which are known to cause disease in humans: Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus, formerly Côte d’Ivoire ebolavirus); and Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus). The fifth, Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus), has caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in humans. Ebola viruses are found in several African countries. Ebola was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since then, outbreaks have appeared sporadically in Africa. The natural reservoir host of Ebola virus remains unknown. However, on the basis of evidence and the nature of similar viruses, researchers believe that the virus is animal-borne and that bats are the most likely reservoir. Four of the five virus strains occur in an animal host native to Africa. People get Ebola through direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes in, for example, the eyes, nose, or mouth) with blood or body fluids (including but not limited to urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen) of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola, objects (like needles and syringes) that have been contaminated with body fluids from a person who is sick with Ebola or the body of a person who has died from Ebola, infected fruit bats or primates (apes and monkeys), and possibly from contact with semen from a man who has recovered from Ebola (for example, by having oral, vaginal, or anal sex) Related Links


The Gambia is entirely surrounded by which other African country?

The Gambia | history - geography | Britannica.com The Gambia Alternative Title: Republic of the Gambia The Gambia National anthem of The Gambia Official name multiparty republic with one legislative house (National Assembly [531]) Head of state and government President: Yahya Jammeh Literacy: percentage of population age 15 and over literate Male: (2015) 63.9% Country Data Overview (PDF) The Gambia, country in western Africa situated on the Atlantic coast and surrounded by the neighbouring country of Senegal . It occupies a long narrow strip of land that surrounds the Gambia River . The land is flat and is dominated by the river, which is navigable throughout the length of the country. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The port of Banjul, near the mouth of the Gambia River, in The Gambia Kjell Johansson/Ostman Agency The peculiar shape and size of the country are the result of territorial compromises made during the 19th century by Great Britain, which controlled the lower Gambia River, and France , which ruled the neighbouring colony of Senegal. Periodic talks in the 20th century to unite The Gambia and Senegal led to the short-lived Senegambia confederation (1982–89). The Gambia is Africa’s smallest non-island country; it is also one of Africa’s most densely populated countries. A few towns are located upriver, but most Gambians live in rural villages. The major ethnic groups are similar to those in Senegal and consist of the majority Malinke and also include Wolof , Fulani (Fulbe), Diola (Jola), and Soninke peoples. The Gambian economy is heavily dependent on peanut (groundnut) production and export. The country is known for the beaches along its small Atlantic coastline and for being home to Jufureh (Juffure), the reputed ancestral village of Kunta Kinte, the main character in Alex Haley ’s well-known novel Roots. The capital, Banjul (called Bathurst until 1973), is situated where the Gambia River flows into the Atlantic Ocean . Land The Gambia is a strip of land 15 to 30 miles (25 to 50 km) wide on either side of the Gambia River and extends almost 300 miles (480 km) into the interior; except for a short coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, it is entirely surrounded by Senegal . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. African Leaders: Part One The vegetation cover of The Gambia is savanna on the uplands, various kinds of inland swamp in the low-lying areas, and mangrove swamp along the brackish lower Gambia River. Few wild animals are native to the region, and those that survive are under pressure from the human and domestic animal populations. In the middle and upper river areas there are warthogs, monkeys, baboons, antelope, pygmy hippopotamuses, and crocodiles. In addition, more than 500 species of birds live throughout the country. Birds and wildlife can be found in Bijilo Forest Park, along the Atlantic coast, the Abuko Nature Reserve, just upriver from Banjul, Kiang West National Park, farther inland, and River Gambia National Park (also known as Baboon Island National Park), near Kuntaur . People Ethnic groups The river basin was a focal point for migrating groups of people escaping the turmoil of western Sudanic wars dating from the 12th century. The Diola (Jola) are the people longest resident in the country; they are now located mostly in western Gambia. The largest group is the Malinke , comprising about two-fifths of the population. The Wolof , who are the dominant group in Senegal, also predominate in Banjul. The Fulani settled the extreme upriver areas, and their kingdom, Fuladu, became a major power in the late 19th century. The Soninke , an admixture of Malinke and Fulani, are also concentrated in the upriver areas. Girl carrying tray of fruit on her head, The Gambia. Robin Laurance—Impact Photos/Heritage-Images Yundum English is the official language, but the most frequently spoken languages are generally of the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo family. Mandinka and Wolof constitute the lingua francas of the country, and other languages spoken include Pulaar (Fulbe), Serer , Diola, and Soninke. Some Muslim cleric


Which body of water represents the lowest point below sea level in Europe?

The World's Lowest Points by Continets | Mother Trip - Nature Pictures, Travel Destinations and Photos Posted by admin in Featured Articles on 01 2nd, 2010 | 2 responses The following  list represent  the seven continents with their  lowest points on land, sorted in decreasing points. 7. Australia – Lake Eyre -15 m (-49 ft) Lake Eyre is the lowest point in Australia, at approximately 15 m (49 ft) below sea level, and, on the rare occasions that it fills, it is the largest lake in Australia. It is the focal point of the vast Lake Eyre Basin and is found some 700 km (435 mi) north of Adelaide. 6. Europe – Caspian Sea -28 m (-92 ft) The Caspian Sea is the lowest point in Europe, at approximately 28 m (?92 ft) below sea level , and the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world’s largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres (143,244 sq mi) and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometres (18,761 cu mi). It is in an endorheic basin (it has no outflows) and is bounded by northern Iran, southern Russia, western Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, and eastern Azerbaijan. It has a maximum depth of about 1,025 metres (3,363 ft). 5. South America – Laguna del Carbón 105 m (-344 ft) Laguna del Carbón is an endorheic salt lake in the Gran Bajo de San Julián (Great San Julián Depression) of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, 54 km from Puerto San Julián. At 105 metres (340 ft) below sea level, it is the lowest point of South America . As in several other locations in Patagonia, dinosaur fossils have been found in the area 4. Africa – Lake Assal -155 m (-509 ft) Lake Assal is  a crater lake in central Djibouti, located at the southern border of Tadjoura Region. It lies 155 m (509 ft) below sea level in the Afar Depression and its shores comprise the lowest point on land in Africa and the second lowest land depression on Earth after the Dead Sea. It measures 19 by 7 km (4.3 mi) and has an area of 54 km2 (21 sq mi). The maximum depth is 40 m (130 ft), whereas the mean depth is 7.4 m (24 ft), which makes for a water volume of 400 million cubic metres (320,000 acre·ft). The catchment area measures 900 km2 (350 sq mi), and there is just a residual runoff of fresh water into the lake 3. Asia – Dead Sea -422 m (?1,385 ft) The Dead Sea also called the Salt Sea, is a salt lake in Jordan to the east and in the West Bank and Israel to the west. Its surface and shores are 422 metres (1,385 ft) below sea level, the lowest elevation on the Earth’s surface on dry land. The Dead Sea is 378 m (1,240 ft) deep, the deepest hypersaline lake in the world. It is also one of the world’s saltiest bodies of water, with 33.7% salinity. It have a higher salinity. It is 8.6 times more salty than the ocean. This salinity makes for a harsh environment where animals cannot flourish, hence its name. The Dead Sea is 67 kilometres (42 mi) long and 18 kilometres (11 mi) wide at its widest point. It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its main tributary is the Jordan River. 2. North America – Jakobshavn Isbræ -1,512m (-4.960 ft) Jakobshavn Isbræ drains 6.5% of the Greenland ice sheet and produces around 10% of all Greenland icebergs. Some 35 billion tonnes of icebergs calve off and pass out of the fjord every year. Icebergs breaking from the glacier are often so large (up to a kilometer in height) that they are too tall to float down the fjord and lie stuck on the bottom of its shallower areas, sometimes for years, until they are broken up by the force of the glacier and icebergs further up the fjord. Studied for over 250 years, Jakobshavn Isbræ has helped develop our understanding of climate change and icecap glaciology. 1. Antarctica – Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 meters (-8,327 ft) The Bentley Subglacial Trench is a vast trench in Antarctica.  At 2,555 meters (8,327 ft) below sea level, it is the lowest point on the surface of the earth not covered by ocean, although it is covered by ice. Most people do not count it as the lowest point on land, since the ice makes it essentially subterranean. Also,


In which state is the USA’s highest mountain?

20 Highest Mountain Peaks in the United States By Amanda Briney Updated October 02, 2016. The following is a list of the top 20 highest peaks in the United States. Notice that the highest point in the United States is Mt. McKinley in Alaska and the highest point in the contiguous (lower) 48 states is Mt. Whitney in California. (For reference, the state and mountain range in which the peak is located is included below.) 1) Mount McKinley (Denali): 20,320 feet (6,194 m) • State: Alaska 2) Mount Saint Elias: 18,008 feet (5,489 m) • States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 3) Mount Foraker: 17,400 feet (5,304 m) • State: Alaska 4) Mount Bona: 16,550 feet (5,044 m) • State: Alaska 5) Mount Blackburn: 16,390 feet (4,996 m) • State: Alaska 6) Mount Sanford: 16,237 feet (4,949 m) • State: Alaska • States: Alaska and British Columbia • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 8) Mount Hubbard - 14,950 feet (4,557 m) • States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 9) Mount Bear: 14,831 feet (4,520 m) • State: Alaska 10) Mount Hunter: 14,573 feet (4,442 m) • State: Alaska 11) Mount Whitney: 14,505 feet (4,421 m) • State: California 12) Mount Alverstone: 14,500 feet (4,420 m) • States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 13) University Peak: 14,470 feet (4,410 m) • State: Alaska 14) Mount Elbert: 14,440 feet (4,401 m) • State: Colorado 15) Mount Massive: 14,428 feet (4,398 m) • State: Colorado 16) Mount Harvard: 14,427 feet (4,397 m) • State: Colorado 17) Mount Rainier: 14,417 feet (4,394 m) • State: Washington 18) Mount Williamson: 14,389 feet (4,386 m) • State: California 19) La Plata Peak: 14,368 feet (4,379 m) • State: Colorado 20) Blanca Peak: 14,351 feet (4,374 m) • State: Colorado • Range: Sangre de Cristo Range Reference continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World (10 May 2010). Table of the Highest Major Summits of the United States - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_the_highest_major_summits_of_the_United_States#cite_note-N_Mount_Harvard-31


Which English town/city did the Romans call Camulodonum?

BBC - History -   Ancient History in depth: Roman Colchester: Britain's First City Print this page Pre-Roman Colchester It is very difficult to represent pre-Roman Colchester, because the site was so nebulous. The best physical indications of it are the Gosbecks dykes, of which the most impressive is Grym's Dyke; but even these just look like big, overgrown ditches. There are some nice burial goods from the Lexden Tumulus (itself less than impressive), and it is possible to see the outline of Cunobelin's farmstead in crop marks. ...after a botched attempt in 55...Caesar returned to finish the job in 54 BC. Colchester was called Camulodunum, which is a Romanisation of its Iron-Age name: the Fortress (-dunum) of Camulos, God of War. The original site of the Iron-Age settlement was some 3 miles south-west of the current city at Gosbecks. There, a sprawling Iron-Age farmstead was established, covering a roughly triangular area of approximately 10 miles which was surrounded by rivers on two sides and a complicated system of dykes on its open western end. It is these dykes which are the only real vestiges of the settlement today, forming great,sunken lanes in the flat Essex countryside. The Trinovantes and Catuvellauni Camulodunum was a hugely important site in pre-Roman times. It was most likely the royal stronghold of the Trinovantes, on whose behalf Julius Caesar invaded in 55 and 54 BC. At this time, the Catuvellauni under their king Cassivellaunus were spreading their authority as southern Britain's largest tribe across the south-eastern counties. It seems that Cassivellaunus invaded Trinovantian territory and murdered its king, whose son, Mandubracius, fled to Caesar for help. This gave Caesar the excuse he was looking for to invade, and after a botched attempt in 55 (which even his own propaganda cannot quite disguise), Caesar returned to finish the job in 54 BC. He chased Cassivellaunus back to his stronghold, which he stormed from two sides, forcing Cassivellaunus to flee and come to terms. A modern day Celtic couple    © It is a moot point where this encampment was. Our best guess is Wheathamstead, Herts, but it is possible (though I do not think probable) that Cassivellaunus had transferred his capital to Camulodunum. Part of the problem is one of dating, since we do not know when Camulodunum came into Catuvellaunian hands. Our best dating criteria are by coins, but the earliest coins in the area are for the Catuvellaunian king, Tasciovanus, who ruled c.25-15 BC. By c.AD 10, Cunobelin the nephew of Cassivellaunus, had taken over the area and his coinage reflects this. The last Trinovantian king was called Addedomaros. It is possible that his remains are buried in the Lexden Tumulus, close to Gosbecks. The king who was buried here had been ritually burned along with his goods, which were a mixture of Celtic and Roman ornaments. Among them were the fragments of a small casket, within which was a medallion bearing the head of the Emperor Augustus. Top The Claudian invasion A gravestone commemorating a centurion of the 20th Legion, dating from before AD 60.    © When Claudius became Roman emperor in AD 41, he understood that in order to survive he needed a triumph. He used the appeal of the British chieftain, Verica, as his excuse for action. Verica was a king of the Atrebates who had been driven out by Cunobelin's successor, Caratacus. The Roman legions under Aulus Plautius landed at Richborough, surprised the British army at the River Medway and pushed Caratacus back to his stronghold at Camulodunum (Colchester). Camulodunum was of immense strategic importance... There, Plautius waited for the Emperor Claudius to arrive from Rome, bringing additional troops including a force of elephants with him. Claudius himself led the final storming of the Catuvellauni stronghold, which went very like Caesar's earlier assault. Caratacus and his followers escaped in their chariots from the back of the fort and went on the run. He was eventually betrayed by Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes and handed over to Rome, to be para


Who had a 1985 UK hit with West End Girls?

Pet Shop Boys - West End Girls (1985 Album Version) HQ - YouTube Pet Shop Boys - West End Girls (1985 Album Version) HQ Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 24, 2014 West End Girls is a song by British pop duo Pet Shop Boys. Written by Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe, the song was released twice as a single. The song is influenced by hip hop music, with lyrics concerned with class and the pressures of inner-city life which were inspired partly by T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land. It was generally well received by contemporary music critics and has been frequently cited as a highlight in the duo's career. The first version of the song was produced by Bobby Orlando and was released on Columbia Records' Bobcat Records imprint in April 1984, becoming a club hit in the United States and some European countries. After the duo signed with EMI, the song was re-recorded with producer Stephen Hague for their first studio album, Please. In October 1985, the song was re-released, reaching number one in the United Kingdom and the United States in 1986. In 1987, the song won Best Single at the Brit Awards, and Best International Hit at the Ivor Novello Awards. In 2005, 20 years after its release, the song was awarded Song of The Decade between the years 1985 and 1994 by the British Academy of Composers and Songwriters. West End Girls is a synthpop song influenced by hip hop music. The song's socially conscious streak, as well as the propulsive bass line, derives from Grandmaster Flash's protest rap song The Message. Lowe and Hague created a "snaky, obsessive rhythm punch" for the music, replacing the song's previously sparse beats and minimal keyboard lines. The song's lyrics are largely concerned with class, inner-city pressure. The lyric "From Lake Geneva to the Finland Station" refers to the train route taken by Vladimir Lenin when he was smuggled by the Germans to Russia during World War I, a pivotal event in the Russian Revolution. Indeed, it is highly likely the lyric was inspired by the book To the Finland Station by Edmund Wilson, a very famous work on the history of revolutionary thought and Socialism that Tennant would have at least heard of, if not read, as a student. The Bobby Orlando-produced version of the single included another line, "All your stopping, stalling and starting, / Who do you think you are, Joe Stalin?" which was removed for the 1985 version. The re-recorded version of West End Girls was released in the United Kingdom in October 1985, debuting on the UK Singles Chart at number 80, and within eight weeks of its release it had reached the top of the chart. It maintained the number one position for two weeks and received a gold certification by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in January 1986. Across Europe, West End Girls also topped the singles chart in Norway, as well as peaking in the top three in Belgium, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland. In Canada, where the original recording of West End Girls had already been a minor hit in 1985, the re-recorded version was issued as a single in early 1986. The re-recorded song entered the chart in March 1986, peaking at number one for one week on 17 May 1986. In the United States, West End Girls debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 71, reaching the number one position on 10 May 1986, and remained on the chart for 20 weeks. The song also peaked at number one on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart for two weeks. Category


Who had a 1985 UK hit with I’m Your Man?

Wham! - I'm Your Man (Live at Wembley) - YouTube Wham! - I'm Your Man (Live at Wembley) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Mar 31, 2010 Wham! performing "I'm Your Man", George Michael-written UK #1 and US #3 hit live at Wembley, their final concert at 1986. Song is featured on their hits collection album "The Final" as well as US-released studio album "Music from the Edge of Heaven". Category


Who played Thelma in the movie Thelma and Louise?

Thelma & Louise (1991) - IMDb IMDb ‘Generation KKK’: Why A&E is Considering Rebranding Their Show After Backlash 22 December 2016 4:51 PM, UTC There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC An Arkansas waitress and a housewife shoot a rapist and take off in a '66 Thunderbird. Director: Jerry Seinfeld, Demetri Martin and Female Bros: The 16 Best Web Series Of 2016 21 December 2016 7:00 AM, -08:00 | Indiewire a list of 26 titles created 26 Mar 2011 a list of 23 titles created 02 Oct 2012 a list of 38 titles created 14 Jun 2013 a list of 29 titles created 19 Mar 2014 a list of 22 titles created 08 Feb 2015 Search for " Thelma & Louise " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    17 wins & 39 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Two NYC cops arrest a Yakuza member and must escort him when he's extradited to Japan. Director: Ridley Scott A journalist duo go on a tour of serial killer murder sites with two companions, unaware that one of them is a serial killer himself. Director: Dominic Sena The story about two sons of a stern minister -- one reserved, one rebellious -- growing up in rural Montana while devoted to fly fishing. Director: Robert Redford A man tries to transport an ancient gun called The Mexican, believed to carry a curse, back across the border, while his girlfriend pressures him to give up his criminal ways. Director: Gore Verbinski Epic tale of three brothers and their father living in the remote wilderness of 1900s USA and how their lives are affected by nature, history, war, love and betrayal. Director: Edward Zwick In Detroit, a lonely pop culture geek marries a call girl, steals cocaine from her pimp, and tries to sell it in Hollywood. Meanwhile, the owners of the cocaine - the Mob - track them down in an attempt to reclaim it. Director: Tony Scott Teenage boys discover discipline and camaraderie on an ill-fated sailing voyage. Director: Ridley Scott A vampire tells his epic life story: love, betrayal, loneliness, and hunger. Director: Neil Jordan After a prank goes disastrously wrong, a group of boys are sent to a detention center where they are brutalized; over 10 years later, they get their chance for revenge. Director: Barry Levinson A duel between two feuding Napoleonic officers eventually evolves into a decades-long series of duels, after each bout - for various reasons - ends unresolved. Director: Ridley Scott Death, who takes the form of a young man, asks a media mogul to act as a guide to teach him about life on Earth and in the process he falls in love with his guide's daughter. Director: Martin Brest True story of Heinrich Harrer, an Austrian mountain climber who became friends with the Dalai Lama at the time of China's takeover of Tibet. Director: Jean-Jacques Annaud Edit Storyline Louise is working in a diner as a waitress and has some problems with her boyfriend Jimmy, who, as a musician, is always on the road. Thelma is married to Darryl who likes his wife to stay quiet in the kitchen so that he can watch football on TV. One day they decide to break out of their normal life and jump in the car and hit the road. Their journey, however, turns into a flight when Louise kills a man who threatens to rape Thelma. They decide to go to Mexico, but soon they are hunted by American police. Written by Harald Mayr <marvin@bike.augusta.de> Somebody said get a life... so they did. Genres: Rated R for strong language, and for some violence and sensuality | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 24 May 1991 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Thelma and Louise See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia Then struggling actor George Clooney auditioned five times for Ridley Scott for the part of J.D. that went to Brad Pitt . See mor


Which island lies directly north of Malta?

Maltese Islands - The Three Islands of Malta, Gozo & Comino Attractions Islands The Maltese archipelago lies virtually at the centre of the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km north of Africa. The archipelago consists of three islands: Malta, Gozo and Comino with a total population of over 400,000 inhabitants occupying an area of 316 square kilometers. Malta is the largest island and the cultural, commercial and administrative centre. Gozo is the second largest island and is more rural, characterised by fishing, tourism, crafts and agriculture. Comino , the smallest of the trio, has one hotel and is largely uninhabited.


Monitor Lizard (Varanus Indicus) - Animals - A-Z Animals Five groups that classify all living things Animalia A group of animals within the animal kingdom Chordata A group of animals within a pylum Reptilia A group of animals within a class Squamata A group of animals within an order Varanidae A group of animals within a family Varanus Comprised of the genus followed by the species Varanus Indicus The animal group that the species belongs to Reptile What kind of foods the animal eats Omnivore How long (L) or tall (H) the animal is 12-310cm (4.7-122in) The measurement of how heavy the animal is 1-166kg (2.2-366lbs) The fastest recorded speed of the animal 45km/h (28mph) How long the animal lives for 8-30 years Whether the animal is solitary or sociable Solitary The likelihood of the animal becoming extinct Threatened The colour of the animal's coat or markings Tan, Brown, Grey, Green The protective layer of the animal Scales The specific area where the animal lives River banks and coastal forests The average number of babies born at once 10 Other animals that hunt and eat the animal Human, Snakes, Wildcats Large, powerful body and sharp claws Monitor Lizard Location Monitor Lizard Monitor Lizards are large reptiles found in Africa and all across Asia , including the surrounding seas. The monitor lizard is mainly found in jungle areas although some species of monitor lizard are water-bound. Some species of monitor lizard are thought to carry a fairly weak venom, for example, the komodo dragon which is the largest of the species . The komodo dragon is native to the small Indonesian island that it is named after and is the largest species of lizard in the world. According to legend, monitor lizards were a sign that there were crocodiles close by, possibly due to their standing on their hind legs to monitor their surroundings. Monitor lizards do this so that they are aware of any approaching predators. Although many species of monitor lizard are quite big, some species of monitor lizard are smaller than 20 cm in length. Monitor lizards are extremely versatile animals and monitor lizards adapt well into different environments. Most species of monitor lizard have a predominantly carnivorous diet , eating eggs, smaller reptiles , fish , birds and small mammals . Some species of monitor lizard also eat fruit and vegetation depending on where they live. Female monitor lizards bury their eggs in holes or hollow tree stumps that the female monitor lizard then covers with dirt in order to protect her eggs. Monitor lizards can lay up to 30 eggs at a time, although many monitor lizards lay less, and only a lucky few of the monitor lizard babies tend to survive. Monitor lizards are thought to be fairly intelligent animals , with some people claiming that monitor lizards are able to recognise numbers up to six, therefore meaning that monitor lizards are able to count! Monitor lizards mainly use their intelligence in the wild by surveying areas for oncoming danger and for hunting their prey . Share This Article


Which legendary Scottish town appears for just one day every 100 years?

Brigadoon (1954) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error | Fantasy , Musical , Romance | 8 September 1954 (USA) Two Americans on a hunting trip in Scotland become lost. They encounter a small village, not on the map, called Brigadoon, in which people harbor a mysterious secret, and behave as if they were still living two hundred years in the past. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 45 titles created 24 Aug 2012 a list of 49 titles created 10 Nov 2013 a list of 42 titles created 01 Sep 2015 a list of 30 images created 26 Sep 2015 a list of 44 titles created 3 months ago Search for " Brigadoon " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     3     Oscars. Another    1 win. See more awards  » Videos A girl is engaged to the local richman, but meanwhile she has dreams about the legendary pirate Macoco. A traveling singer falls in love with her and to impress her he poses as the pirate. Director: Vincente Minnelli The Wolves baseball team gets steamed when they find they've been inherited by one K.C. Higgins, a suspected "fathead" who intends to take an active interest in running the team. But K.C. ... See full summary  » Director: Busby Berkeley Three sailors on a day of shore leave in New York City look for fun and romance before their twenty-four hours are up. Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly Stars: Gene Kelly, Frank Sinatra, Betty Garrett Two sailors, one naive, the other experienced in the ways of the world, on liberty in Los Angeles, is the setting for this movie musical. Director: George Sidney A small-town farmer, down on her luck, finds her homestead invaded by a theatrical troupe invited to stay by her ne'er-do-well sister. Director: Charles Walters Three soldiers meet 10 years after their last meeting in New York, and find out that they have little in common now. Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly Stars: Gene Kelly, Dan Dailey, Cyd Charisse After writing a tell-all book about her days in the dance troupe "Barry Nichols and Les Girls", Sybil Wren (Kay Kendall) is sued for libeling her fellow dancer Angele (Taina Elg). A Rashomon ... See full summary  » Director: George Cukor Two vaudeville performers fall in love, but find their relationship tested by the arrival of WWI. Director: Busby Berkeley Three friends struggle to find work in Paris. Things become more complicated when two of them fall in love with the same woman. Director: Vincente Minnelli In 1850 Oregon, when a backwoodsman brings a wife home to his farm, his six brothers decide that they want to get married too. Director: Stanley Donen A pretentiously artistic director is hired for a new Broadway musical and changes it beyond recognition. Director: Vincente Minnelli A musical remake of Ninotchka: After three bumbling Soviet agents fail in their mission to retrieve a straying Soviet composer from Paris, the beautiful, ultra-serious Ninotchka is sent to ... See full summary  » Director: Rouben Mamoulian Edit Storyline Americans Tommy Albright and Jeff Douglas, on a hunting vacation in Scotland, discover a quaint and beautiful village, Brigadoon. Strangely, the village is not on any map, and soon Tommy and Jeff find out why: Brigadoon is an enchanted place. It appears once every hundred years for one day, then disappears back into the mists of time, to wake up to its next day a century hence. When Tommy falls in love with Fiona, a girl of the village, he realizes that she can never be part of his life back in America. Can he be part of hers in Brigadoon? Written by Jim Beaver <jumblejim@prodigy.net> The Musical Hit that Tops Them All! See more  » Genres: 8 September 1954 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: 4-Track Stereo | Mono (Western Electric Sound System) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Gene Kelly


In which novel has Britain been re-named Airstrip One?

Book review: 1984 | Ed Peaches. | [Insiders] by TeamInsiders   George Orwell’s novel 1984 is a vividly lucid imagination of a totalitarian dystopian ‘future’: it is set about 35 years after the creation of the novel and about 30 years before the present day, in London, Britain (which has been renamed Airstrip One, and is part of a superstate named Oceania). The main character is a man named Winston Smith, and the story follows his actions as he plots against the tyranny of the ruling Party in Oceania (Ingsoc); actions which ultimately lead to his utter annihilation. As I read 1984, I discovered that George Orwell used many fascinating ways of communicating complex and original ideas. Through these methods I was able to understand the total control of Ingsoc over Oceania, and how this fictional totalitarianism relates to reality. One method of doing this that I particularly found thought-provoking and which I found helped to communicate important themes to me was his use of symbolic motifs throughout the novel. One of these is the incorrect mathematical equation ‘2 + 2 = 5’. This ‘equation’ is used several times throughout the book, linking events, showing the development of Winston, and showing the reader important ideas.   Early on in the novel, Winston writes in his secret journal, ‘Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two equals four. If that is granted, all else follows,’ after musing about how the Party would eventually announce that two plus two equals five– foreshadowing the events at end of the novel. Orwell is communicating here to the reader through this symbol the theme that truth is freedom, and that the more truth is known, the more freedom there is. This idea reminded me of a famous quote from Chairman Mao, which translates as, ‘To read too many books is harmful.’ Mao would not have wanted ordinary people to know too much, as questions raised due to knowledge endangered his supreme power; a person in China reading too many books could be harmful, to his rule. I agree that gaining truth is an important safeguard to a person’s liberty;  I believe this is an important reason for ensuring people get a good education, and the communication of this theme makes me think about how lucky I am, and how many other New Zealanders are, to be getting a relatively free and unbiased education.   Another symbolic motif used in 1984 I found interesting and revealing was the old nursery rhyme, ‘Oranges and Lemons’. Different lines of the first stanza of this old English rhyme about churches in London are told to Winston by different characters in the novel. I feel that this is also symbolic of the idea, ‘To know truth is to be free’. This poem is one of the only remaining memories of pre-regime Britain, and so represents the relatively immense freedom people used to enjoy. Winston thinks in the story, ‘…when you said it to yourself you had the illusion of actually hearing bells, the bells of a lost London that still existed somewhere or other, disguised and forgotten… Yet so far as he could remember he had never in real life heard church bells ringing.’ Here, Orwell could be intending that ‘the sound of bells’ is as a metaphor for the lost freedom in London; Winston had never experienced true freedom in his ‘real life’, but the rhyme reminded him of what this lost freedom was. If this is a metaphor, it is also has a hopeful ring to it, as Winston thinks this freedom ‘still existed’. This could be referring to the idea that the proles, as they are keeping old culture alive, could one day topple the corrupt system. A sentence which could be an earlier reference to this metaphor and which may back this up is when Winston once thinks a riot of the proles is starting (he was mistaken) but their cry ‘went humming on like the reverberation of a bell.’ As Winston learns each line through the book, he is slowly rebelling more and more against the unspoken rules of the Party   ‘“Here comes a candle to light you to bed, here comes a chopper to chop of your head,”   At this point in the book, I found there to be a vaguely hopeful


Who was the minstrel in Robin Hood’s band of men?

Robin Hood's Merry Men You are here: Robin Hood > Robin Hood Legend > The Merry Men Robin Hood's Merry Men Little John Little John was Robin’s best friend right from the start. He appears in all of the six original tales. John and Robin were both yeomen, so they had lots in common. John is a steadying influence on Robin’s wild character. John has to have a lot of patience as Robin is moody, irritable and argumentative with him. They often fall out. Robin’s temper gets him into all sorts of trouble so John is constantly coming to the rescue. The famous story of their meeting on the bridge, and the idea of Little John’s name being a joke because he is so big, appear by the 18th century.  Will Scarlett Will appears in a supporting role in a number of the original tales. Today we associate him with the colour, so he is depicted in film and books as wearing red instead of everyone else’s Lincoln Green. However originally his name appears in different forms, including Scadlock, Scalok, Scarlock, and Scathelok, before settling on Scarlett. You can see his grave in the churchyard at Blidworth. Much, the miller’s son The original tales suggest Much was just a boy. However he was as good an outlaw as a full grown man. Much comes into his own in Robin Hood and the Monk when he is called upon by Little John to help rescue Robin. Maid Marian By Tudor times Robin Hood, as a man in green and a spirit of spring, had entered English May Games - a celebration of fertility - so he needed a girlfriend. It appears that the character of Marian was borrowed from a separate French tradition to fill the role. In France she also had a boyfriend called Robin, and in these stories she played a sweet and innocent shepherdess. But in England, she became a bawdy wench, played by a boy in drag as part of a Morris dance. In a play in 1560 she is even identified as ‘a lady free’ who could be given as prize to Friar Tuck. Two plays by Anthony Munday in 1597/8 restore her reputation as a virtuous maid of noble birth and it is this tradition with some added feminist strength we have inherited today. Friar Tuck The famous story of Robin meeting the friar and getting a soaking is one of the original tales. It's known as Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar. Around the same time Robin and Marian enter the May Games, along with another character ‘the jolly friar’. This ‘jolly friar’ becomes mixed with the ‘curtal friar’. All he needs is a name. In 1560 the play ‘Robin Hood and the Friar’ shows that his character has become fixed by adopting the name of ‘Friar Tuck’. This was the alias of Robert Stafford, a chaplain and a leader of a gang of robbers in Sussex in 1417 – yes, a real outlaw! Allan-a-Dale We think of him today as the minstrel of the band. However he first appears in his own ballad of the 18th century as a forlorn lover, whose sweetheart is betrothed to an old knight against her will. Robin has to act as matchmaker; in fact it is Robin who is disguised as a musician, so that he can get into the church to put a stop to the wedding. He re-unites the lovers and the Merry Men preside over Allan’s wedding. Do From cosy log cabins in the heart of Sherwood Forest to luxurious hotels with spa facilities, Nottinghamshire has a great selection of accommodation. Take advantage of these special offers to make your stay even more enjoyable. From: Thursday, 1st January 2015 To: Sunday, 31st December 2017


What is the nickname of his Symphony No.41 – considered to be his greatest?

San Francisco Symphony - Mozart: Symphony No. 41 in C major, K.551, Jupiter San Francisco Symphony Mozart: Symphony No. 41 in C major, K.551, Jupiter Symphony No. 41 in C major, K.551, Jupiter JOANNES CHRISOSTOMUS WOLFGANG GOTTLIEB MOZART BORN: January 27, 1756. Salzburg, Austria DIED: December 5, 1791. Vienna COMPOSED:  July 25 (at earliest) through August 10, 1788 WORLD PREMIERE:  No information has survived concerning its premiere, although there is no secure information pro or contra the oft-repeated assertion that it was not played in Mozart’s lifetime. Indeed, a concert of Vienna’s Tonkünstler Societät in April 1791 did include “a grand symphony” by Mozart, and this may have been this work; it does include trumpets and timpani, which was what usually invited the description of “grand symphony.” US PREMIERE: January 7, 1843, Henry Schmidt conducted the Academy of Music in a performance at the Boston Odeon SFS PERFORMANCES: FIRST—February 7, 1913, with Henry Hadley conducting. MOST RECENT—April 2010, with Jeffrey Kahane conducting INSTRUMENTATION:  Flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings DURATION:  About 30 mins Mozart’s biography contains such an amazing procession of experiences and achievements that it reads almost like an eighteenth-century novel. The story of his final three symphonies occupies a full chapter of this life-as-novel—unfortunately, one that falls not terribly far from its end. More than two centuries after they were written, these works—the Symphonies No. 39 in E-flat major, No. 40 in G minor, and No. 41 in C major (Jupiter)—continue to stand at the summit of the symphonic repertory, where they keep company with a small and supremely select group of fellow-masterpieces by the A-list of composers. Almost incredibly, all three were produced in the space of about nine weeks, in the summer of 1788: he began his Symphony No. 39 around the beginning of June, not quite a month after Don Giovanni was granted a lukewarm reception at its Vienna premiere, and went on to complete the succeeding symphonies on July 25 and August 10. Each is a very full-scale work, comprising the standard four movements of the late-Classical symphony. Twelve movements in nine weeks would mean that, on the average, Mozart expended five days and a few hours on the composition of each movement. That doesn’t factor in that he was writing other pieces at the same time, giving piano lessons, tending a sick wife, enduring the death of a six-month-old daughter, entertaining friends, moving to a new apartment, and pestering his fellow freemason Michael Puchberg for financial loans. Mozart, of course, had no idea that these would be his last symphonies. He undoubtedly had every expectation of living well into the nineteenth century; and although that is not what happened, at least he had another three and a half years in which he might well have written further symphonies. Since he didn’t, these three works stand as the summa of his achievement in symphonic music, and in their strikingly different characters we glimpse not only a drawing together of strands of development that had enriched his orchestral music to that point but also hints of what the future might have held. In the Symphony No. 41, Mozart seems intent on showing off his sheer brilliance as a composer. Its emotional range is wide indeed, prefiguring the vast expressive canvas that would emerge in the symphonies of Beethoven. In performance, one may be struck by how this work, though filled with incident, unrolls with a luxurious stride, at least until its finale. Certainly compared to its predecessor, the edgy, nervous Symphony No. 40 in G minor, this final symphony seems in no great hurry even when its music is moving quickly. To be sure, the first movement bears a fast tempo marking, Allegro vivace; but its opening phrases are stately, their rhythms emphatic and their harmonic motion firmly anchored in the tonic key. Revelation stands on every ensuing page. One can only marvel at how this opening music takes on strikingly different characters


A clutter or cluster is a collection of which creepy-crawlies?

Clutter - definition of clutter by The Free Dictionary Clutter - definition of clutter by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/clutter  (klŭt′ər) n. 1. A confused or disordered state or collection; a jumble: sorted through the clutter in the attic. 2. A confused noise; a clatter. v. clut·tered, clut·ter·ing, clut·ters v.tr. 1. To fill or spread over in a disorderly manner: Boxes cluttered the garage. 2. To make disorderly or hard to use by filling or covering with objects: I cluttered up my desk with old memos. v.intr. 1. To run or move with bustle and confusion. 2. To make a clatter. [Probably from Middle English cloteren, to clot, from clot, lump, from Old English clott.] clutter 1. (often foll by: up) to strew or amass (objects) in a disorderly manner 2. (intr) to move about in a bustling manner 3. (intr) to chatter or babble n 4. a disordered heap or mass of objects 5. a state of disorder 6. (Electronics) unwanted echoes that confuse the observation of signals on a radar screen [C15 clotter, from clotteren to clot] clut•ter (ˈklʌt ər) v.t. 1. to fill or litter with things in a disorderly manner: Newspapers cluttered the living room. v.i. 3. a disorderly heap or assemblage; litter. 4. a confused state. 5. echoes on a radar screen that do not come from the target. [1550–60; variant of clotter (now obsolete) = clot + -er 6] clutter Permanent echoes, cloud, or other atmospheric echo on radar scope; as contact has entered scope clutter. See also radar clutter. Clowder, Cludder, Clutter  kendle or kindle of cats, 1801; a group of cats. Example: clowder of cats. Clutter  a confused collection; a clotted mass; a crowded and confused group; a collection. See also clowder . Examples: clutter of bodies, 1674; of business, 1649; of cats; of citations, 1666; of consonants, 1791; of narrow crooked, dark, and dirty lanes, 1792; of drops against the glass, 1841; of spiders; of thick and deep grass, 1670. clutter I will have been cluttering you will have been cluttering he/she/it will have been cluttering we will have been cluttering you will have been cluttering they will have been cluttering Past Perfect Continuous disorderliness , disorder - a condition in which things are not in their expected places; "the files are in complete disorder" rummage - a jumble of things to be given away 2. clutter - unwanted echoes that interfere with the observation of signals on a radar screen radar echo - an electronic signal that has been reflected back to the radar antenna; contains information about the location and distance of the reflecting object interference , noise , disturbance - electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication Verb fill , fill up , make full - make full, also in a metaphorical sense; "fill a container"; "fill the child with pride" clear , unclutter - rid of obstructions; "Clear your desk" clutter noun untidiness order , organization , neatness , tidiness verb 1. litter , scatter , strew , mess up I don't want to clutter the room up with too much junk. noun A lack of order or regular arrangement: تَراكُم، فَوْضى،عَدَم نِظام فَوْضَى harampádínepořádek bazar désordre fouillis d'échospouvoir de rejet nered to clutter up a room → amontonar cosas en un cuarto to be cluttered up with sth → estar atestado de algo clutter There's too much clutter in here → Il y a trop de fouillis ici ., Il y a trop de fatras ici . clutter n (= confusion) → Durcheinander nt; (= disorderly articles) → Kram m (inf); the clutter of bottles and crockery in the kitchen → das Durcheinander von Flaschen und Geschirr in der Küche ; his desk was in a clutter → auf seinem Schreibtisch war ein fürchterliches Durcheinander ; his essay was a clutter of unrelated details → sein Aufsatz war ein Sammelsurium or Wirrwarr von zusammenhangslosen Einzelheiten vt (also clutter up) → zu voll machen (inf) → /stellen; painting, photograph → überladen ; mind → vollstopfen ; to be cluttered with something (mind, room, drawer etc) → mit etw vollgestopft sein; (floor, desk etc) → mit etw übersät sein; (painting etc) → mit etw überladen sein; the


Who played Cathy in Ken Loach’s ground-breaking drama Cathy Come Home?

Cathy Come Home | Tumblr Cathy Come Home This is NOT a "Politically Correct" blog. This blog posts things like, Out on the wiley, windy moors We’d roll and fall in green You had a temper like my jealousy Too hot, too greedy How could you leave me When I needed to possess you? I hated you, I loved you, too Bad dreams in the night They told me I was going to lose the fight Leave behind my wuthering, wuthering Wuthering Heights Heathcliff, it’s me, Cathy Come home, I’m so cold! Let me in-a-your window Heathcliff, it’s me, Cathy Come home, I’m so cold! Let me in-a-your window Ooh, it gets dark, it gets lonely On the other side from you I pine a lot, I find the lot Falls through without you I’m coming back, love Cruel Heathcliff, my one dream My only master Too long I roam in the night I’m coming back to his side, to put it right I’m coming home to wuthering, wuthering Wuthering Heights Heathcliff, it’s me, Cathy Come home, I’m so cold! Let me in-a-your window Heathcliff, it’s me, Cathy Come home, I’m so cold! Let me in-a-your window Ooh, let me have it Let me grab your soul away Ooh, let me have it Let me grab your soul away You know it’s me, Cathy! Heathcliff, it’s me, Cathy Come home, I’m so cold! Let me in-a-your window Heathcliff, it’s me, Cathy Come home, I’m so cold! Let me in-a-your window Heathcliff, it’s me, Cathy Come home, I’m so cold! Heathcliff, it’s me, Cathy Come home, I’m so cold! If that “offends” you, feel free to fucking leave. Reblog Dumpable Offence wouldn’t let you in the window even though it’s you, Cathy, you’ve come home, and you’re so cold Cathy Come Home | Ken Loach | 1969 Carol White Reblog what she says: i’m fine. what she means:  TOO LONG I ROAM IN THE NIGHT, I’M COMING BACK TO HIS SIDE TO PUT IT RIGHT. I’M COMING HOME TO WUTHERING, WUTHERING WUTHERING HEIGHTS! HEATHCLIFF, IT’S MEEE-AH CATHY, AH COME HOME! I’M SOO COOOOOOOOLD, LET ME IN-AH-YOUR WINDOOOOW Reblog 2 Heatcliff, it’s me Cathy. Come home. I’m so cold! Let me in a your window. Reblog Heathcliff, its me your Cathy, I’ve come home I’m so co-o-o-old, let me in-a-your windo-o-ooww finding some time to get some panels done on more Leliana/Morrigan art Cathy Come Home | Ken Loach | 1969 Ray Brooks, Carol White Loading... Show more notes Reblog One of my former professors reminded me that Kate Bush’s Wuthering Heights exists and it makes wonder … why on earth is Wuthering Heights-ing not a thing? Planking is a thing, Hadoukening is a thing, Milking was a thing for a hot second. You get the picture? So why aren’t we running around in float-y dresses and twirling in circles while pulling the most overdramatic faces and screeching HEATHCLIFF! IT’S ME, YOUR CATHY, I’VE COME HOME! like a melodramatic 18 year old gothic heroine?  It is because it’s a 30 year old song and we’ve forgotten Kate Bush? Because that’s insane. This video is unforgettable. Look at these videos. They’re rife for parody and yet we largely haven’t touched them:  GLORIOUS. It’s like somehow Emily Bronte wrote this really weird, out of control novel that reached across centuries and spoke to 18 year old Kate Bush who was exploring her own weird, unstoppable voice and it merged into a British pop hit that is essential a teenage girls’ gothic wet dream of throwing herself around a misty field that managed to make sense across 170 years.  Where are my videos of grown ass adult women putting on red dresses and emoting their eyeballs out to this? Can we start this? I refuse to believe that I’m the only girl who’s lipsynched to this in the bathroom mirror when they were a teen. Ken Loach Loach Films: Kes and Cathy Come Home. Loach’s work is similar to Leigh’s filmic style in the way that Loach endeavours the aspects of his filmmaking to stress the authentic interaction between the actors. Loach, unlike Leigh however, does not adhere to improvisations; Loach makes sure that his scenes are all very closely and cautiously scripted, on occasion allowing for some improvisations to take place. Loach’s way of filming scenes, although, creates an almost unscripted look in the final cut of s


Which long-running soap was originally intended to be titled Midland Road?

Soap opera S Soap opera A soap opera, sometimes called "soap" for short, is an ongoing, episodic work of dramatic fiction presented in serial format on television or radio . The name "soap opera" stems from the original dramatic serials broadcast on radio that had soap manufacturers such as Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive, and Lever Brothers as sponsors and producers. These early radio serials were broadcast in weekday daytime slots when mostly housewives would be available to listen; thus the shows were aimed at and consumed by a predominantly female audience. The term soap opera has at times been generally applied to any romantic serial, but it is also used to describe the more naturalistic, unglamorous UK primetime drama serials such as Coronation Street. A crucial element that defines soap opera is the open-ended nature of the narrative, with stories spanning several episodes. The defining feature that makes a program a soap opera, according to Albert Moran, is "that form of television that works with a continuous open narrative. Each episode ends with a promise that the storyline is to be continued in another episode". Soap opera stories run concurrently, intersect and lead into further developments. An individual episode of a soap opera will generally switch between several different concurrent story threads that may at times interconnect and affect one another or may run entirely independent of each other. Each episode may feature some of the show's current storylines but not always all of them. Especially in daytime serials and those that are screened each weekday, there is some rotation of both storylines and actors so any given storyline or actor will appear in some but usually not all of a week's worth of episodes. Soap operas rarely "wrap things up" storywise and generally avoid bringing all the current storylines to a conclusion at the same time. When one storyline ends there are always several other story threads at differing stages of development. Soap opera episodes typically end on some sort of cliffhanger . Evening soap operas and those that screen at a rate of one episode a week sometimes differ from this general format. They are more likely to feature the entire cast in each episode and to represent all current storylines in each episode. Evening soap operas and those serials that run for only part of the year tend to bring things to a dramatic end-of-season cliffhanger. In 1976, Time magazine described American daytime television as "TV's richest market," noting the loyalty of the soap opera fan base and the expansion of several half-hour series to a full hour in order to maximize ad revenues. The article explained that at that time, many prime time series lost money, while daytime serials earned profits several times more than their production costs. The issue's cover notably featured its first daytime soap stars, Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth Hayes of Days of our Lives, a couple whose onscreen and real-life romance was widely covered by both the soap opera magazines and the mainstream press. Though American soap opera ratings have declined over the last 30 years, the Latin American version of soap opera — called a telenovela — remains the most-watched genre of television program in the world, with at least two billion viewers worldwide. Plots and storylines The main characteristics that define soap operas are "an emphasis on family life, personal relationships, sexual dramas, emotional and moral conflicts; some coverage of topical issues; set in familiar domestic interiors with only occasional excursions into new locations". Fitting in with these characteristics, most soap operas follow the lives of a group of characters who live or work in a particular place, or focus on a large extended family. The storylines follow the day-to-day activities and personal relationships of these characters. "Soap narratives, like those of film melodramas, are marked by what Steve Neale has described as 'chance meetings, coincidences, missed meetings, sudden conversions, last-minute rescues and revelations, de


Pimm's No. 1 Cup Recipe | MyRecipes Prep: 15 min. There is no comparable substitute for the truly unique taste of Pimm's No. 1. This gin-based spirit should be available at your local liquor store. Yield: Makes 8 servings (serving size: 3/4 cup) Cooking Tips: Our Most Popular Cocktail Recipe... Ever Recipe from


Which English bridge was the world’s longest suspension bridge from 1981 to 1998?

bridge : German » English | PONS  English   Would you like to translate a full sentence? Use our text translation.   Text Translation English German Are you missing a word, phrase or translation? Submit a new entry. Show less Examples from the Internet (not verified by PONS Editors) re exploiting the opportunities offered by a central government institution with all its economies of scale, and also the huge potential offered in the form of the knowledge held by municipalities and their mayors at local level. In brief, we're building roads and bridges and, throughout the project's entire five-year life cycle, we're strengthening the capacity of the institutions involved. www.giz.de Wir nutzen hierbei die Möglichkeiten einer zentralen staatlichen Institution mit all ihren Skaleneffekten und das große Potential, welches das Wissen der Kommunen und ihrer Bürgermeister auf lokaler Ebene einbringt. Kurz gefasst, wir bauen Straßen und Brücken und stärken dabei über die gesamte Projektlaufzeit von fünf Jahren die beteiligten Institutionen und ihre Leistungsfähigkeit. Development workers and promoting democracy Role of the Development Service as a bridge between the state and society Demokratieförderung, currently only available in German (pdf, 0.75 MB, DE) Rolle des Entwicklungsdienstes als Brücke zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft. Demokratieförderung (pdf, 0.75 MB, DE) www.giz.de To ensure a stable and reliable long-term food supply we support the recovery of agricultural production. This includes distributing agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilisers and implements, and rehabilitating irrigation schemes, roads and bridges. It also includes post-harvest treatment and storage, and support for livestock farming. Contact www.giz.de Für eine stabile, zuverlässige Dauerversorgung unterstützen wir den Wiederaufbau der landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsgrundlagen. Dazu gehören die Verteilung landwirtschaftlicher Produktionsmittel wie Saatgut, Düngemittel und Werkzeug sowie die Wiederherstellung von Bewässerungssystemen, Straßen und Brücken, ferner die Aufbereitung und Lagerung der Ernteerträge sowie Unterstützung für die Viehhaltung. Kontakt www.giz.de Mexico joined the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) in 1994 and is a member of the Group of Twenty ( G20 ), a forum for the world ’s leading industrial and emerging economies. Mexico plays an important role in international negotiations on key issues and thus builds bridges between the North and South. By hosting the first High-Level Meeting of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation in April 2014, Mexico underlined that it is a highly committed global player. Außerdem ist Mexiko Mitglied der Gruppe der zwanzig wichtigsten Industrie- und Schwellenländer ( G20 ). Das Land engagiert sich stark bei internationalen Verhandlungen und bildet damit eine Brücke zwischen Entwicklungs- und Industrieländern. Als Ausrichter des ersten Spitzentreffens der Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation im April 2014 hat Mexiko seine Rolle als engagierter globaler Akteur unterstrichen. www.giz.de Before the film “ Sonnenallee, ” made after the fall of the Wall in November 1989, this border crossing was unknown outside Berlin. Following Heidekampgraben south will take you across Forsthausallee to Britzer Allee and to the bridge across the Britzer Zweigkanal. Chris Gueffroy, the last fugitive to be shot by GDR border guards in Berlin, died on the southern bank of this canal in February 1989. www.berlin.de Erst nach dem Fall der Berliner Mauer im November 1989 ist der Grenzübergang durch den Film „ Sonnenallee “ über Berlin hinaus bekannt geworden. Wer dem Heidekampgraben in südlicher Richtung folgt kommt über die Forsthaus zur Britzer Allee und zur Brücke über den Britzer Zweigkanal. Am südlichen Ufer des Kanals starb im Februar 1989 der letzte Flüchtling, auf den die Grenzsoldaten der DDR in Berlin das Feuer eröffneten. www.berlin.de Around 250,000 people had benefited from the programme ’ s measures by the end of 2009, including : improv


Where in England could you cross the Mathematical Bridge?

Cambridge Mathematical Bridge Cambridge Mathematical Bridge 3 Comments The Mathematical Bridge in Cambridge spans the river Cam, and belongs to the Queens College, one of the many colleges of Cambridge University. This popular and simple wooden bridge is centuries old and has its own story. Most locals would refer to is as the Mathematical Bridge although its official name is the prosaic Wooden Bridge. And the interesting thing is that this bridge can be found in Oxford too. Mathematical Bridge Cambridge – Christopher Chan Photography Mathematical Bridge Photo We are sharing the majestic shot of Christopher Chan who managed to capture the bridge in beautiful lights and fine details. The Legend of the Mathematical Bridge According to the legend or anecdote, much favoured by Cambridge tour guides, the Mathematical Bridge was built by Newton from nothing else but wood. No nuts, no bolts, just what wood can make and bear. The legend says that Sir Isaac Newton built the bridge to illustrate the principles and properties of force and gravity. Then, after Newton’s death, the students / fellows of Cambridge University, who were curious to learn about the exquisite structure of the clever wooden bridge, disassembled the Mathematical Bridge, but failed to re-assembleit properly. As they could not put together the intelligent bridge again, they had to use iron pins, nuts and bolts to make the bridge functioning again. Newton – montage source: usu.edu It is a lovely story, and a wishful credit to the mathematical genius of Newton, but it is nothing more than a colourful anecdote. The truth is that such a bridge could not have been built from wood only, taking its size, weight and structure into consideration. Not to mention the fact that Newton was already dead in 1727, by the time the bridge was actually built in 1749 by James Essex the Younger. The History of the Mathematical Bridge 1749: the Mathematical bridge is built James Essex the Younger, an English builder and architect, built the Mathematical Bridge in 1749 to the design of William Etheridge. James Essex himself was a former grammar student of the King’s College, and worked on many of the colleges of Cambridge University. William Etheridge was an 18th century carpenter working on several bridges, e.g. the first bridge at Westminster, and the one in Walton too. His design for the Walton Bridge was clever and mathematical indeed, as it ” was built so that a single timber could be extracted and repaired without disturbing the rest of the bridge”, according to Colin Bentley in the “History of Walton Bridge”. 1866: the bridge is rebuilt and slightly modified The old Mathematical Bridge, i.e. the Queen’s Bridge of the 18th century had to be rebuilt – to the same design – in 1866, when it became too worn to use. The steps leading up to the bridge were replaced with a ramp / slope, so now the bridge is accessible with wheels too. 1905: in 1905 the once oak bridge has been replaced with teak. 1924: a copy of the bridge was built in Oxford, England. 1900‘s?: the legend of the Mathematical Bridge is born and told many times The Mathematical Design of the Bridge Mathematical Bridge trussing design – Cmglee illustration According to the historical tour guide of the Queens College Cambridge , the efficient arrangement of the timbers in the Mathematical Bridge (or Queen’s Bridge) is a series of tangents that describe the arc of the bridge, with radial members to tie the tangents together, and triangulate the structure. This triangulation in turn makes the bridge rigid and self-supporting. The technical term for this type of bridge structure is  tangent and radial trussing. The technique of tangent & radial trussing is not limited to timber / wood bridges, but was also widespread in the construction of  stone bridges. The illustration of the trussing is very helpful (made by Cmglee) The joints of the present bridge are fastened by nuts and bolts. Earlier versions of the bridge used iron pins or screws at the joints, driven in from the outer elevation. Only a pedant could claim that the b


Vanessa Redgrave plays a sexually repressed nun who causes big trouble for a priest?

Depraved Delights: 20 Grindhouse Cinema Shockers - The Grindhouse Cinema Database Depraved Delights: 20 Grindhouse Cinema Shockers From The Grindhouse Cinema Database The world of Grindhouse cinema encapsulated many genres and storylines but one thing it was best known for was the kinds of movies that completely shocked and offended audiences with their no holds barred subject matter. Beyond the more standard action and horror exploitation fare there were productions that featured some of the most vile and repulsive content ever created for the silver screen. To celebrate the classic Grindhouse films that made us feel appalled, apprehensive and sick to our stomachs, we've picked 20 of our favorite freak out flicks from the dingy depths of the database. Warning: These movies contain sights and sounds that may be too disturbing for the casual movie watcher. Please be aware that they are not for everyone. Cannibal Holocaust (1980) This film became one of the most controversial works of genre cinema to ever come out of Italy. Director Ruggero Deodato made it as a response to the violence he saw on TV and also as a way to take a closer look at the sensationalism behind the reporting. A group of four award winning documentary filmmakers that had gone on an expedition to record tribal environments of South America months earlier were never heard from again. An Anthropology Professor named Harold Monroe (Robert Kerman) travels with a guide deep into the jungle to track them down and find out what had happened. What he finds in the process is two warring jungle tribes. When Monroe is invited to eat the raw guts of an animal with one of the tribes, he finds some of the belongings of the four documentary filmmakers including the actual cannisters of film they shot, which the natives saved. Monroe returns to New York City to look at the contents of the film and see what the filmmakers were up to, but what is revealed are some of the most savage and brutal occurrences ever seen by man. Cannibal Holocaust is both extremely disturbing and vile, but also a brilliant piece of daring filmmaking. Bloodsucking Freaks (1976) A peculilar stage-show is making it's runs in Soho, New York. The master of ceremonies, Sardu (Seamus O'Brien) speaks before the crowd prior to showtime: "Now those of you who are weak-willed or cowards would have fled by now. Or regurgitated over the seats in front of you. But why? Really? This is just a theatrical presentation. A show which offers no reality, not a fraction, of reality. And just allows us, you and me, to delve into our grossest fantasies far beyond erotica. I am Sardu, master of the theater of the macabre. Tonight, we begin with torture..." On the surface, it's very easy for some to dismiss Bloodsucking Freaks (Or "The Incredible Torture Show", one of the more earlier and faithful titles the film went by in it's initial run) but, as many defenders of the film have pointed out, there's a bit more going on than one would expect underneath all the nude, bloody flesh that appears in the film. What director Joel Reed did is reinterpret A Bucket of Blood for the no-holds-barred 1970s. The movie also benefits greatly from a mostly one-note look. In fact, it almost goes panel-for-panel in being a naughty, underground comic book. As it stands, there was nothing else out there made quite like this film before or since. The Last House on the Left (1972) The Last House On The Left was inspired in large part by the Swedish film "The Virgin Spring" directed by Ingmar Bergman. It was director Wes Craven 's ( A Nightmare On Elm Street ) debut and was produced by Sean S. Cunningham who would later become famous for directing the first Friday The 13th . Mari Collingwood is 17, it's her birthday and she's going out with some friends for a wild time. Mari and her friend soon get involved in some sick mind games being played on them by some lunatics. David Hess plays Krug the leader of the gang of maniacs. His cohorts, Fred aka "Weasel" and the girl Sadie are just as sadistic as him. Junior, Krug's son is a lovable idiot w


The first Garden City was established in 1903 – which was it?

Spatial Agency: Letchworth Garden City Letchworth Garden City www.letchworth.com Letchworth Garden City started in 1903 in Hertfordshire, UK was one of the first new towns and is an early example of urban planning considered alongside strategies of community management and economic sustainability. The brainchild of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) it was based on ideas first disseminated in his book, To-morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898) reissued as Garden Cities of To-morrow (1902), which outlined a model for self-sustaining towns combining the convenience of urban life with the advantages of a countryside location, surrounded by an agricultural greenbelt that provided jobs and food. The book generated a lot of interest, enabling Howard to found the Garden Cities Association in 1899 and raise enough money for Letchworth to be delivered entirely by private enterprise. Although now best known for the design principles of the Garden City, Howard's most radical contribution is probably in the way he developed the social and economic structures of the Garden City. He formed a company, First Garden City Ltd (FGC), to construct the town with the intention that residents would purchase the estate after seven years. However, FGC remained in ownership until 1945 and following two Acts of Parliament the residents have been able to keep control of their land, with the estate now being owned by Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation. FGC originally leased plots for homes and farms with rental income being invested back into the town. Since all citizens were shareholders, they had a say in how the money was used. The company faced many challenges, not least the creation of new homes, and its single most effective marketing strategy was the staging of a national housing design competition and exhibition in 1905 for the design of an innovative home for no more than £150. Today, the community management of Letchworth still broadly follows Howard's principle of 'rate-rent', where residents pay for their services (rates) and those who invested in the initial development receive a return (rent), which is this case is reinvested back into the town. This system has enabled the Heritage Foundation to develop a range of services and amenities including a hospital, museum, parks, minibus and shopmobility service, whilst also operating a number of businesses to supplement its income. Recently, the town has reached its target population of 30 000 and has also paid off its debts. With the system finally breaking-even, Letchworth has partly fulfilled Howard's original vision by becoming economically self-sustaining. After Letchworth, Howard established Welwyn Garden City in 1920 and since then the garden city movement has been hugely influential in the UK and around the world, though mainly for its formal characteristics and not its social innovations. Letchworth was also pioneering for its two schemes, Meadow Way Green and Homesgarth, which included co-operative housekeeping arrangements that challenged traditional ideas of domestic work. Homesgarth, built between 1909-1913, was a thirty-two flat housing development designed for professional people looking to reduce the burden of housework. Meals were cooked in a central kitchen and could either be taken in your own flat or a communal dining room. Howard himself was a great advocate of such co-operative schemes, living in Homesgarth until his move to Welwyn Garden City. Other Work Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-Morrow, 2nd edn. (London: Swan Sonnenschein, 1902). References About Iain Borden, 'Social space and cooperative housekeeping in the English garden city: [Homesgarth, Letchworth]', Journal of architectural and planning research, 16 (1999), 242-257. Robert Fishman, 'Ebenezer Howard', in Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982), pp. 23-90. Dolores Hayden, 'Cooperative Housekeeping', in The Grand Domestic Revolution: A History of Feminist Designs for American American Homes, Neighbourhoods, and


Who has ‘terrible tusks and terrible claws and terrible teeth in his terrible jaws’?

The Gruffalo - Official Trailer - YouTube The Gruffalo - Official Trailer Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Mar 2, 2011 "A gruffalo? What's a gruffalo?" - "A gruffalo! Why, didn't you know? He has terrible tusks, and terrible claws, and terrible teeth in his terrible jaws." Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/MagicLightPictures Trailer for the half hour animated film based on the classic picture book by Julia Donaldson and Axel Scheffler. Explore The Guffalo's world: http://www.gruffalo.com/ Subscribe to The Gruffalo's YouTube channel: http://smarturl.it/TheGruffalo Magic Light Pictures is an award winning brand-building and production company. We create rich and imaginative experiences for families worldwide. Producers of The Gruffalo, The Gruffalo's Child, Room on the Broom and Chico & Rita, our YouTube channel is home to exclusive content and lots more. Here's how to get in touch with us: http://www.magiclightpictures.com/con... Find out more about us: http://www.magiclightpictures.com/ Get Updates from us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/MagicLightPics Category


Which common flavouring is obtained primarily from a Mexican variety of orchid?

Orchid Types and Orchid Varieties by Blue Orchids Blog! Share on Digg Share By now, everyone has seen how elegant and gorgeous Orchids are. Orchids are becoming one of the most commonly used cut flowers for arrangements and corsages. They can be found everywhere from the super market to the upscale plant nursery. Globally recognized as a sign of wealth and prosperity, Orchids are one of the most popular live plants gifted at almost all occasions. Most people that receive an Orchid as a gift quickly scavenge the internet to find out how to care for it. Unfortunately, they quickly hit a roadblock when they discover the amount of Orchid types fills the search results with conflicting information. This is because there are more than 21,000 Orchid Varieties with over 100,000 hybrid types. To put that in prospective, that’s four times as many Orchid types as Mammal species on earth. This helpful article is designed to outline the most common Orchid varieties and some of the best qualities of that species. Don’t be turned off by the large number of Orchid types, as they are all unique but provide the same level of beauty. Orchids grow all over the world, accounting for the difference in care required to keep them alive. Phalaenopsis Orchids or “Moth Orchids” These Orchids are one of the most common Orchid Types that you will find. They are very commonly used for indoor plants because they are easy to grow and can re-bloom indoors. Phalaenopsis Orchids are also known for the exquisite flowers that they can produce in any color but blue and black. They were given this nickname because the flower resembles a flying moth when in full bloom. Cymbidium Orchids This is another extremely popular when it comes to Orchid varieties. They are often grown for cut flowers for arrangements because they can last extended periods of time in water. These flowers will last months in a vase on display, making them extremely desirable. This is the perfect Orchid for beginners! Paphiopedilum Orchids Otherwise known as “lady slippers”, these Orchid Types are the most exotic Orchids you will see. It is difficult to grow these Orchids indoors because they are extremely picky. The root system must be kept strong in order to survive indoors. These Orchids need to be repotted yearly to replace the growing medium with fresh soil and no salt buildup. Vanilla Orchids Of all the Orchid Varieties, this species is the most fragrant and widely used. Most people don’t realize that the vanilla flavoring and scent that we use every day originally comes from this Orchid. This is one of the few Orchid types that grow in a vine fashion. This Orchid is extremely hard to propagate and takes several years to begin flowering and producing Vanilla. Anguloa Orchids This type of Orchid is more commonly refurred to as the “Tulip Orchid”. When in bloom they look just like a Tulip, convincing many onlookers that they are the same. They are well known for the scent that they produce, which smells strongly like cinnamon.   The leaves of this Orchid are deciduous, meaning that they fall off and grow back again every year. Bletilla Orchids These Orchids are commonly grown as house plants because of their overall survivability. This species can be dried out and stored for months before planting, much like the bulbs that you plant in your garden. They produce numerous flowers at the end of the leaves, making them different than most other Orchid Types. Brassia Orchids This Orchid Variety is commonly referred to as the “Spider Orchid”. This is primarily because the flowers of this Orchids resemble a spider native to the habitat in which they grow. This shape is used to attract spider hunting wasps that pray upon the local spider population. As the wasp moves in attempting to kill the spider shaped flower, it spreads the pollen and pollinates the next flower it attacks. The flowers this Orchid produces are typically green or yellow with maroon accents. This allows them to match the color combination of the Local spiders in its natural habitat. This Orchid can be found in Mexico, Centra


Some children suffer from ADD – what is this?

WHY DOES GOD ALLOW PEOPLE TO SUFFER? Why Does God Allow People To Suffer? The Bible tells us in Revelation 21:4 that there is coming a time when all sorrow, tears, pain and death will pass away. There's coming a wonderful day when God will wipe away all tears from the eyes of His children, and our sorrow will end forever. Dear reader, I hope you are a Christian, so you too may claim this blessed promise that God has made to those who have come to know Him through His beloved Son, the Lord Jesus Christ. There's a great day coming for those who have been saved by grace through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. However, for this present time, we must face the undeniable fact that people do suffer. That's a fact of life. You can find sickness, sorrow, and suffering in all walks of life. It's everywhere you look. This very moment you can probably think of someone very close to you who is suffering greatly, and it just doesn't seem fair. Why does God allow it to happen? Does God even care? If God is so good and holy, then why doesn't He put an end to all suffering and pain? Keep reading, for there is a reason. The Beginning of Suffering and Sorrow There was a time on this earth when suffering and sorrow did not exist. When God first created man upon the earth, everything was perfect. There was no sickness, no pain, no sorrow of any kind. It was God's plan for man to live in peace and harmony never having to experience sorrow. According to Genesis chapter three, it wasn't until man chose the way of Satan, rather than the way of God, that sorrow entered the world. Man sins against God in Genesis 3:6-7, and God reveals to Adam and Eve the consequences of sin in Genesis 3:16-19. God told Adam and Eve that they would now experience SORROW and DEATH. Therefore, the suffering and sorrow that you and I face today is not the work of an unjust God; it's the consequences of sin. We suffer because we are sinners. Romans 6:23 says, "For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord." Friend, we suffer and die because of SIN. You say, "I didn't do anything wrong. Why am I a sinner?" We are all born with a sin nature. We inherited our fallen sin nature from Adam and Eve. Romans 5:12 says, "Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned:" We read in Romans 3:23 that ALL HAVE SINNED and come short of the glory of God. Why do we suffer? We suffer because we are sinners by nature. Some People Suffer for the Salvation of Lost Souls Perhaps you are thinking, "Well, what's the point? What does God accomplish by allowing us to suffer?" Very simple: He's trying to tell us something. By allowing people to suffer, God is showing us that SOMETHING IS WRONG. If everything were alright between man and God, then there would be no sorrow and death, because in the beginning there was none. God is showing you every day of your life that man has been SEPARATED from Him because of sin, and that man is destined to an eternity in Hell Fire unless he comes to God for help. The fact that God allows suffering and agony today proves that He will allow it in eternity as well. God doesn't ENJOY seeing anyone suffer, but He does ALLOW people to suffer for various reasons. If you've never received the Lord Jesus Christ as your Savior, then God wants you to see your need to do so. Sometimes God has to allow tragedy to enter a life in order to get someone to look to Him for Salvation. As someone has said, "Some people won't look up to God until He puts them on their back." This is sad, but true. There are many people who would still be lost in their sins if God had not brought some tragedy into their life to get their attention. Do you suppose the leper of Matthew 8:2 would have came to Jesus if he'd been in perfect health? What about the blind man of Luke 18:35? II Kings chapter five tells the story of Naman, the Syrian captain who had leprosy. Had this man not had leprosy, he would never have turned to God. The Bible is filled with cases where G