By what name is Mrs Blaise Edwards better known?

Use of Mrs. vs. Ms. Use of Mrs. vs. Ms. How to Address Married Women? Which is the Right Honorific for a Married Woman to Use: Ms. or Mrs?      I am married and took my husband's family name. At work so I use Ms. Ann Wells, but some of my married coworkers want to be Mrs. (Woman's Given Name)+(Family Name).      I like Ms. at work because I think it's odd to state my marital status – since when they use Mr. the men don't state their marital status.      But I do admit that sometimes, like when I am speaking to my kids teachers, it seems odd to be Ms. Wells.      -- Ms./Mrs. Ann Wells Dear Ms./Mrs. Wells:      I observe married women use various honorifics depending on the situation.           Ms. (Her Given Name)+(Family Name) ...  where their marital status is not pertinent but they want to specify an honorific. Using Ms. implies they are not to be automatically on a first-name basis and prefer be formally addressed in conversation as Ms. (Family Name).  Many women (both married and single) use this form at work.  I observe more younger women use Ms. all the time – perhaps since they've grown up with Ms. – than do older women.           Mrs. (Husband's first name) (Family Name) .... in formal situations or when you are involved as a spouse/part of a couple. This definitely implies that others will call you Mrs. Surname.  Widows are formally addressed as Mrs. (husband's first name) (Family Name) (unless they remarry) for the rest of their lives if they want to be.           Mrs. (Her Given Name)+(Family Name) ...is often the choice of women in the context of being a Mom -- dealing with school teachers (as you do), pediatricians, etc.  This form provides the given name for those with whom they would be on a first-name basis.  Part of presenting your name is giving guidance to the other person as what you want to be called in conversation.           [Another note about Mrs. (Her Given Name)+(Family Name): Traditional etiquette references state that using Mrs. + (Woman's Given name) + (Family name) is the form used by a divorced woman, who wants to keep using her former husband's family name, but can no longer use Mrs. (Husband's Given Name) (Family Name) because her former husband might have remarried and there would be a new Mrs. (Husband's Given Name) (Family Name). Thus, she uses her given name with Mrs.  But some still married women don’t care what was ‘traditional’ in etiquette books and like to use Mrs. … thus stating their marital status and including their given name.           (Woman's Given Name)+(Family Name) .... is casual. Not every situation is formal and there is nothing wrong with casual. You also use this form when signing your own name: One never gives oneself an honorific in a signature.      To me -- you are all of those names at different times. You choose the one that's right for the circumstance, and if someone addressed you incorrectly just correct them. It's that easy.      One of the basics of forms of address is that your name belongs to you .... and EVERYONE is entitled to be addressed as they prefer!     -- Robert Hickey Use of Mrs. vs. Ms. When I Keep My Maiden Name When I Marry?      My name is Hope Miller.  My husband’s surname is James Clark but I did not change my name when we married.  So, which is the correct way to address someone in this situation:  Ms. Hope Miller or Mrs. Hope Miller?       Is it acceptable to address me as Mrs. Hope Clark even though I am not legally a "Clark"?        -- Hope Miller Dear Ms. Miller:     You need a legal name for your taxes, passports, purchasing real estate, etc., but you can pretty much use whatever name you want to socially as long as you pay your bills!     For example, an actress might have legal name, a stage name and a married name ... answer to all of them ... use each in the appropriate situation.     Most frequently women who use a different surname than their husband, use in professional situations (when their marital status is not pertinent): Ms. Hope Miller     Mrs. Hope Miller is a bit odd to me since Mrs. traditionally means Wife Of ...


Name the port that stands at the mouth of the River Seine

Use estuary in a sentence | estuary sentence examples LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST Beginning at the estuary of the Rio de la Plata, the boundary line ascends the Uruguay river, on the eastern side of the strategically important island of Martin Garcia, to the mouth of the Pequiry, thence under the award of President Grover Cleveland in 1894 up that small river to its source and in a direct line to the source of the Santo Antonio, a small tributary of the Iguassu, thence down the Santo Antonio and Iguassu to the upper Parana, which forms the southern boundary of Paraguay. Four years later (1520) the Portuguese seaman, Ferdinand Magellan, entered the estuary in his celebrated voyage round the world, undertaken in the service of the king of Spain (Charles I., better known as the emperor Charles V.). The arrival of these first-fruits of the mineral wealth of the southern continent gained for the estuary of the Parana the name which it has since borne, that of Rio de la Plata, the silver river. Along the Atlantic coast from the mouth of the Adour to the estuary of the Gironde there stretches a monotonous line of sanddunes bordered by lagoons on the land side, but towards the sea harbourless and unbroken save for the Bay of Arcachon. Beyond the Loire estuary, on the north shore of which is the port of St Nazaire, the peninsula of Brittany projects into the ocean and here begins the most rugged, wild and broken portion of the French seaboard; the chief of innumerable indentations are, on the south the Gulf of Morbihan, which opens into a bay protected to the west by, the narrow peninsula of Quiberon, the Bay of Lorient with the po~t of Lorient, and the Bay of Concarneau; on the west the dangerous Bay of Audierne and the Bay of Douarnenez separated from the spacious roadstead of Brest, with its important naval port, by the peninsula of Crozon, and forming with it a great indentation sheiterdhy Cape St Mathieu on the north and by Cape Raz on the south; On the north, opening into the English Channel, the Morlaix roads, the Bay of St Brieuc, the estuary of the Rance, with the port of St Malo and the Bay of St Michel. The great port of Le Havre stands at the mouth of the Seine estuary, which opens into the bay of,the Seine on the east. North of that point a line of high cliffs, in which occur the ports of Fcamp and Dieppe, stretches nearly to the sandy estuary of the Somme. The peninsula of Brittany and the coasts of Normandy on both sides of the Seine estuary are watered b numerous independent streams., Amongst these the Vilaine, whic passes Rennes and Redon, waters, with its tributaries, an area of 4200 sq. The Fitzmaurice, discharging into the estuary of the Victoria, is also a large stream. 43) which speak of Chryse, or the Golden Isle, as lying off Cape Tamus - supposed to be the most easterly point in Asia - and over against the estuary of the Ganges. It is only navigable by small sailing-vessels, even in its estuary, but its waters are extensively utilized for irrigation. Alva then advanced to meet the invaders with a large army, and at Jemmingen (July 21), with very slight loss, annihilated the levies of Louis, who himself escaped by swimming from the field across an estuary of the Ems. He now joined the army of his brother William, which had in October to beat a hasty retreat before Alva's superior skill. - In 1512 Juan Diaz de Solis entered the Paranaguazu or "sealike" estuary of the Plata and landed about 70 miles east of the present city of Montevideo. The Gabun, in reality an estuary of the sea, lies immediately north of the equator. On the small island of Konike, which lies about the centre of the estuary, scanty remains of a Portuguese fort have been discovered. Urals, and enters the ocean by a large estuary at the Gulf of Pechora. Light boats and rafts are floated at all points, and steamers ply on its lower portion; its estuary has important fisheries. At Kherson it enters its long (40 m.) but shallow estuary, which receives the S. The Avon finally enters the estuary of the Severn at Avonmouth, though it can hardly


Tokay wine is the produce of which country?

Tokay | wine | Britannica.com Tokay champagne Tokay, also spelled Tokaji, famous, usually sweet white wine of Hungary , made from the Hungarian Furmint grape. The wine derives its name from the Tokaj district of northeastern Hungary. Though some Tokay is dry, the finest version, Tokaji Aszu, is made from late-ripened grapes affected by Botrytis cinerea, a mold that concentrates grape sugars and flavours into honeylike sweetness. The sweetness of Tokay is traditionally measured by the number of puttonyos, or baskets, of sweet grapes used. A three puttonyos wine is lightly sweet; five puttonyos denotes the highest degree of sweetness. The legendary Tokay Eszencia, a concentrated sweet essence of low alcohol famed for its miraculous restorative properties, is virtually unobtainable today. The name tokay is also applied generically to certain sweet wines of indifferent quality that bear no resemblance to Hungarian Tokay. Learn More in these related articles: in Hungary: Traditional regions ...areas, the Nógrád and Borsod basins. Agriculture is also important, especially viticulture; notable are the Tokaj (Tokay) and Eger vineyards. Indeed, the region that produces Tokay wines was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2002. Tourism in the Northern Mountains is well-developed, and numerous spas and recreation centres are located there. Miskolc is the main... in Lodi (California, United States) ...on the Central Pacific (later part of the Southern Pacific) Railroad. In 1873 it was renamed, presumably for a famous racehorse of the time. The city has long been known for its wines, notably Tokay, which is produced from a locally developed grape (the Flame Tokay). It is also a packing and processing centre for cereals, fruits, nuts, and vegetables from the surrounding agricultural area... in Tokaj town, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megye (county), northeastern Hungary. Tokaj lies at the confluence of the Bodrog and Tisza rivers. It is known as the home of the golden yellow Tokay wine and has a famous labyrinthine (1 mi [1.5 km]) wine cellar. It is in the Tokaj-Hegyalja wine-producing district, where, on the slopes of Mount Tokaj and in the Hegyalja region to the north and... 3 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References made in Tokaj  (in Tokaj ) External Links Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: July 20, 1998 URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tokay Access Date: January 19, 2017 Share


According to 'The Sermon on the Mount' who shall inherit the Earth?

SERMON ON THE MOUNT Matthew 5 The Beatitudes 1And seeing the multitudes, He went up on a mountain, and when He was seated  His disciples came to Him. 2Then He opened His mouth and  taught them, saying: 3"Blessed  are the poor in spirit,     For theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 4Blessed are those who mourn,     For they shall be comforted. 5Blessed are the meek,     For they shall inherit the earth. 6Blessed  are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,     For they shall be filled. 7Blessed are the merciful,     For they shall obtain mercy. 8Blessed are the pure in heart,     For they shall see God. 9Blessed are the peacemakers,     For they shall be called sons of God. 10Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness'  sake,     For theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 11"Blessed are you when they revile and persecute you, and  say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake. 12Rejoice  and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven, for so they  persecuted the prophets who were before you. Believers Are Salt and Light   13 "You are the salt of the earth; but if the salt  loses its flavor, how shall it be seasoned? It is then good for nothing  but to be thrown out and trampled underfoot by men. 14"You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a  hill cannot be hidden. 15Nor do they light a lamp and put it  under a basket, but on a lampstand, and it gives light to all who are in  the house. 16Let your light so shine before men, that they  may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven. Christ Fulfills the Law   17 "Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the  Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. 18For  assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one  tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled. 19Whoever  therefore breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches men  so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does and  teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20For  I say to you, that unless your righteousness exceeds the righteousness  of the scribes and Pharisees, you will by no means enter the kingdom of heaven. Murder Begins in the Heart   21 "You have heard that it was said to those of old, "You shall not murder, and whoever murders will be in danger of the  judgment.' 22But I say to you that whoever is angry with his  brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment. And whoever  says to his brother, "Raca!' shall be in danger of the council. But  whoever says, "You fool!' shall be in danger of hell fire. 23Therefore  if you bring your gift to the altar, and there remember that your  brother has something against you, 24leave your gift there  before the altar, and go your way. First be reconciled to your brother,  and then come and offer your gift. 25Agree with your  adversary quickly, while you are on the way with him, lest your  adversary deliver you to the judge, the judge hand you over to the  officer, and you be thrown into prison.   26Assuredly, I say to you, you will by no means get  out of there till you have paid the last penny. Adultery in the Heart   27 "You have heard that it was said to those of old, "You shall not commit adultery.'   28But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to  lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29If your right eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and cast it  from you; for it is more profitable for you that one of your members  perish, than for your whole body to be cast into hell. 30And  if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and cast it from you;  for it is more profitable for you that one of your members perish, than  for your whole body to be cast into hell. Marriage Is Sacred and Binding   31 "Furthermore it has been said, "Whoever divorces  his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.' 32But I  say to you that whoever divorces his wife for any reason except sexu


Name the manufactureers of the American World war II bomber the Flying Fortress

Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress - Heavy Bomber Aircraft - History, Specs and Pictures - Military Aircraft, Helicopters and Drones View All Images (30) Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Heavy Bomber Aircraft (1937) The legendary Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress accounted for over 290,000 sorties with 640,000 tons of ordnance dropped during World War 2. Staff Writer (Updated: 4/25/2016): Though the Consolidated B-24 Liberator was built in greater numbers, the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is often regarded as the more important heavy bomber for the American Allies in the Second World War, accounting for over 290,000 sorties against ground installations and dropping over 640,000 tons of bombs. By war's end, the B-17 Flying Fortress was a mainstay in both the Pacific and European Theaters of War. The system became the symbol of American bomber might in the Second World War and continues with its legendary status even today. Incidentally, the name "Flying Fortress" is purported to have come from one of the reporters present during the unveiling of the machine at the Boeing plant, remarking as to how the aircraft looked like a 15-ton "flying fortress". Designed to a US requirement for a four-engine bomber capable of long distance travel with a full 2,000lb bombload and reach speeds between 200 and 250 miles per hour. The result was the Boeing Model 229 which first flew in 1934, though was later lost to pilot error. Nevertheless, the US Army Air Corps pursued the design with an order for further developmental models fitted with differing powerplants. Early B-17 models were mostly developmental production variants that included the additions of seal-sealing fuel tanks, better armor protection and a redesigned tail. The initial definitive Flying Fortress model would arrive with 512 examples of the B-17E model which were the first to incorporated the twin .50 caliber tail armament for defense. This model was followed by the similar B-17F models of which 3,405 were produced. This latter model featured revised defensive armament positions. Often regarded as the ultimate B-17 production model, the B-17G featured the identifiable and effective Bendix powered chin turret fitted with 2 x 12.7mm machine guns under the nose. Revised turbochargers and an increase to 13 .50 caliber machine guns also arrived with this G model. In the end, the B-17G would account for over 8,600 units with production split between Boeing (4,035 samples), Douglas (2,395 samples) and Lockheed Vega (2,250 samples). B-17 Flying Fortresses followed common practice in that they flew in what was known as the "box formation". This formation allowed every gunner on board the aircraft to bring their guns to bear to any position needed. Gunner positions on the B-17 included a top turret gunner manning 2 x 12.7mm machine guns, a tail gunner manning 2 x 12.7mm machine guns, a belly gunner manning 2 x 12.7mm machine guns, 2 x cheek gun emplacements, staggered waist gunner positions each manning a single 12.7mm machine gun and the Bendix chin turret. A limited-arc-of-fire, single 12.7mm machine gun position at the radio operators area was available in early models but later removed. The flight engineer doubled as the top turret gunner while the bombardier and navigator in the nose section doubled as front gunners. The belly turret gunner was generally of a small stature to be able to fit into the limited-space turret system. All positions were afforded some type of built-in armor protection but this varied extensively by position. The bombardier and navigator were awarded the best views of the sky through the large plexiglas nose. The bombardier sat on a type of swiveling stool with the fabled Norden Bombsight before him. The navigator sat off-set to his rear at a small map-filled desk. Both were supplied with defensive .50 caliber machine guns with the Bendix chin turret under the bombardiers control in the G model and onwards. Access to the nose was accomplished through a smallish passage way underneath the main flight deck.


According to the 'Sermon on the Mount' who shall be called the 'Children of God'?

The Sermon on the Mount From The Gospel According to Saint Matthew King James Version The Sermon on the Mount From The Gospel According to Saint Matthew King James Version 5:1 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him: 5:2 And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying, 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 5:4 Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. 5:5 Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. 5:6 Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled. 5:7 Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. 5:8 Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God. 5:9 Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God. 5:10 Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 5:11 Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. 5:12 Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you. 5:13 Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men. 5:14 Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on an hill cannot be hid. 5:15 Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house. 5:16 Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven. 5:17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. 5:18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. 5:19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 5:20 For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven. 5:21 Ye have heard that it was said of them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: 5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. 5:23 Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; 5:24 Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. 5:25 Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him; lest at any time the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison. 5:26 Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing. 5:27 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. 5:29 And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. 5:30 And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. 5:31 It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement: 5:32 But


Schnapps was originally the produce of which country?

TOM DOLIGALE COLLECTION TOM DOLIGALE COLLECTION ~ ALWAYS IN PURSUIT OF GREAT GLASS ~         © 2007 ~ TOM DOLIGALES ~ UDOLPHO WOLFE'S SCHIEDAM AROMATIC SCHNAPPS COLLECTION   IT WITH GREAT SADNESS THAT I REPORT THE PASSING OF TOM, HE WAS A FRIEND AND I WILL MISS THE CORRESPONDENCE WE SHARED. I WILL BE LEAVING THIS PAGE IN MEMORY OF TOM AND THE PASSION HE HAD FOR OUR HOBBY AND LIFE ITSELF. THE BOTTLE COLLECTING COMMUNITY LOST ONE OF ITS BEST AND HE WILL BE MISSED BY ALL WHO HAD THE PLEASURE OF KNOWING HIM.       THE BOTTLES LISTED BELOW ARE FROM THE COLLECTION OF TOM DOLIGALE, AN AUTHORITY AND TOP  COLLECTOR OF UDOLPHO WOLFE'S BOTTLES. I THOUGHT THAT WITH ALL THE QUESTIONS I RECEIVE ABOUT THE UDOLPHO WOLFE BOTTLES AND THE COMPANY THAT A PAGE WOULD BE THE WAY TO GO AND IF YOUR GOING TO MAKE A PAGE ON UDOLPHO WOLFE'S....TOM'S COLLECTION IS WHERE TO LOOK IN MY OPINION. I WILL BE ADDING FURTHER INFORMATION AS I FIND IT. I FEEL HONORED THAT TOM ALLOWED ME TO SHARE THIS WITH YOU.        THE PIECE ON THE RIGHT WAS A GIFT TO TOM FROM HIS FRIEND DAVE KAM WHILE IN THE HOSPITAL, TOM MENTIONED HOW MUCH IT MEANT TO HIM AND I APPRECIATE DAVE SHARING IT.    Udolpho Wolfe was a well-known New York gin importer; he dabbled in local politics, and was from a well-connected Virginia family (his father was a friend of President James Monroe).Wolfe's Schnapps was not a frivolous beverage, but a "medicinal gin."  It was said to be a good diuretic, a cure for "abdominal dropsy" and other ills.Udolpho Wolfe's Schnapps was a dry gin marketed in America between 1841 and 1871. Schnapps was a gin invented in Schiedam by a Dutch professor seeking a diuretic to help kidney functioning. It was originally sold as medicine in apothecaries, and then English soldiers brought it back to England where it became a favorite of the working class.   TOM AND HIS BEAUTIFUL BRIDE, STEPHANIE    ~ UDOLPHO WOLFE'S SCHIEDAM AROMATIC SCHNAPPS~A BRIEF HISTORY ~ The undersigned has been an importer of Wines, Brandies, and other foreign liquors, for more than twenty-five years, in the city of New-York. In the course of that period, he has become interested in the manufacture of Gin, at Schiedam, in Holland. From this connection, he became acquainted with the improved processes of manufacture which had given to that peculiar variety of Holland Gin its transcendent reputation throughout the world. But the article itself, in its genuine quality as imported, was almost as rare, in this country at least, as it was everywhere renowned. Its high price had caused it to be almost universally adulterated, by cheap distillations and destructive drugs, the moment it was transferred from the importer's cellars to those of the retail dealer. And this was but a single phase of the multifarious impositions to which the public had become subjected, in relation to this esteemed commodity. In common with French Brandies and "Wines, of high repute and cost, it was actually imported impure?that is to say, grossly inferior liquors, drugged to resemble it, were imported under the same name. Not only was there a nefarious trade, conducted systematically, in the old casks and Custom House certificates of the genuine product, to make them the fraudulent vehicles and guaranties of the vilest home-made concoctions, but the import trade itself-had become so prostituted as to pander, quite generally, to a wholesale imposition. THE FIRST CRISIS. But no evil of similar enormity to this, undermining the health of the community at large, and multiplying its victims on every side, can long pursue its destructive career without developing a public crisis. The medical men of the country were naturally the first to perceive the depth and prevalence of the evil, and they united with every enlightened friend of humanity to deplore and denounce it. In their hands, however, it never became a theme of extravagant and fanatical excitement, over-leaping all rational and judicious boundaries, but of grave and practical consideration. Their education and experience alike assured them that, in many cases of pr


On 21st November 1970 what British currency ceased to be legal tender?

Victorian coinage WHAT'S A GUINEA? Money and Coinage in Victorian - and twentieth century - Britain If you are under the age of 40 or didn't live in the United Kingdom or one of the Commonwealth countries which shared its strange currency before 1971, then you need this page. Pounds, shillings, and pence The coinage used in Victorian Britain had been much the same for three hundred years and was based on a system which had existed for more than a millennium. It lasted until 1971 when the currency was finally decimalised and the pound was divided into 100 smaller units. Similar changes were made to the currency in Ireland and several Commonwealth countries which still used Britain's ancient coinage system. In Britain the pound Sterling was (and is) the central unit of money. Prior to decimalization the pound was divided into twenty shillings and each shilling was divided into twelve pennies or pence. Although those divisions may seem odd, in fact having a pound divided into 240 equal parts does mean it can be exactly divided into halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, sixths, eighths, tenths, twelfths, fifteenths, sixteenths, twentieths, twenty-fourths, thirtieths, fortieths, forty-eightieths, sixtieths, eightieths, and one-hundred-and-twentieths. A decimal system allows precise division only into halves, quarters, fifths, tenths, twentieths, twenty-fifths, and fiftieths. Amounts of money were written in various ways. The pound was represented, as it still is, by a £ sign, the shilling by a 's' and the penny by a 'd' (for 'denarius', a Roman silver coin which was also used as the name for the English silver penny). So the meaning of £3-4s-6d is fairly obvious. But amounts below a pound were also written 12/6 meaning 12s-6d or 10/- or sometimes 10/= meaning ten shillings. An amount such as 12/6 would be pronounced 'twelve and six' as a more casual form of 'twelve shillings and sixpence'. From the late eighteenth century a shilling was popularly called a 'bob' as in 'it cost three bob'. But you would only use that for whole shillings so it would be 'three bob' or 'three and eight' but never 'three bob and six'. From the early 19th century a five shilling piece or crown was sometimes called a dollar, probably because its appearance was similar to the Spanish dollar or peso - sometimes called a piece of eight. This expression gained currency again in the 1940s when US troops came to the UK during World War II. At the time a US dollar was worth exactly 5s. In the post-war period right up to the 1960s the phrase 'half a dollar' meaning 2/6 was also used. The guinea A guinea was £1-1s-0d (which is £1.05) and could be written as '1g' or '1gn' or, in the plural, '3gs' or '3gns'. It was considered a more gentlemanly amount than £1. You paid a tradesman, such as a carpenter, in pounds but a gentleman, perhaps an artist, in guineas. It was a tradition in the legal profession that a barrister was paid in guineas but kept only the pounds, giving his clerk the shillings (they were all men then). In the 1850s and 60s the standard rate paid by Dickens for contributions to his weekly periodicals Household Words and All The Year Round was half a guinea a column or a guinea a page. His staff members were generally paid five guineas a week. In the early 1850s, before he worked for Dickens, Wilkie Collins was paid five-eighths of a guinea a page for his work in Bentley's Miscellany. That odd amount was worked out from the rate of ten guineas for a printed sheet of sixteen pages. Per word, both amounts were similar. Like the pound, the guinea could also be divided exactly into many different amounts - halves, thirds, quarters, sixths, sevenths, ninths, fourteenths, twenty-firsts, twenty-eighths, thirty-sixths, forty-seconds, sixty-thirds, eighty-fourths, and one-hundred-and-twenty-sixths. One useful factor was that a third of a guinea was exactly seven shillings. Coins The coinage reflected the principal divisions of the money and added some of its own. A gold coin worth £1 was called a sovereign and the half sovereign, also in gold, was worth ten s


Who composed the music for the opera 'Der Rosekavalier'?

Der Rosenkavalier - San Diego Opera Der Rosenkavalier In the Classroom Richard Strauss, Hugo von Hoffmannsthal and Der Rosenkavalier Strauss was the son of an important German musician, the horn-player Franz Strauss, and Josepha Pschorr, a fine amateur musician and member of the Munich Pschorrbräu brewing family whose establishment originally opened in 1416 and closed in 1998 (the beer is now brewed by Paulaner and is still available). He was not related to the family of Waltz Kings, even though the brilliant waltzes and waltz-like moments in Der Rosenkavalier would lead one to think so. Richard’s interest in music was greatly encouraged in his family environment, especially by the father who spent 42 years in the Munich court orchestra and played regularly at the behest of Richard Wagner at the Bayreuth Festival every summer. Although the father was not at all taken with the music of Wagner (nor of his philosophical beliefs), the younger Strauss fell under the spell of Tristan und Isolde at the age of 17 and was influenced for life. He began composing very early on and studied piano as well as the violin. Frequent visits to the Munich court orchestra rehearsals and studies in music theory, harmony and orchestration with their conductor furthered his musical education. At this time he began writing works for orchestra as well as chamber music and lieder. By the 1890s he was already a well-known composer. With conducting and artistic director posts at Meiningen, the Munich Hofoper, the Vienna State Opera and the Berlin Staatsoper he was also considered a leading figure on the concert stage and in the opera house, leading performances of other young German speaking composers like Korngold, Schreker and Zemlinsky. Strauss’s opera career began with Guntram (1894), a work heavily influenced by Wagner, and continued with Feuersnot (1901) a comic work with erotic overtones that so scandalized the Kaiser that he ordered the Berlin production shut down. Strauss had a penchant for scandal, as is reflected in his choice of libretti for the next two operas, Oscar Wilde’s play Salome (1905) and a setting of Sophocles’ Elektra (1909) by Hugo von Hofmannsthal. The teaming with the younger Hofmannsthal proved more than satisfactory to the composer and it resulted in six operas including: Der Rosenkavalier (1911), Ariadne auf Naxos (1912), Die Frau ohne Schatten (1919), Die ägyptische Helena (1928) and Arabella (1933). Not entirely comfortable with each other face to face, Hofmannsthal and Strauss corresponded with each other on aesthetic, musical and dramatic issues constantly during their active years together. It is possible, therefore, to see in minute detail the transformation of these great works from seminal idea to completion. It was during the composition of Elektra that Strauss began to search for an idea for further collaboration with the poet, wanting to back off of the intense tragedy and lurid subject matter of the previous two operas and present something comic and sentimental, a kind of Der Fledermaus II. Hofmannsthal presented the idea of a sentimental sex comedy based on the novel Les amours du chevalier de Faublas by Couvray as well as some concepts from Molière’s Monsieur de Pourceaugnac. It was this idea, with some modifications, that Strauss embraced. The essence of the scenario was the outwitting of the lecherous Baron Ochs (literally, ‘ox’) by the 17-year-old Octavian who moves from being the much younger lover of the Field Marshal’s wife (Feldmarschallin) Marie Thérèse to the fiancée of the young Sophie, originally intended for Ochs. Through the fleshing out of the characters in collaboration with Strauss the Marschallin gained dramatic ground, eventually becoming not only the principal role in the opera but one of the most thoroughly drawn characters in all opera. Strauss immediately realized the genius of Hofmannsthal’s text, layered with psychological meaning and human detail, and met the challenge of the libretto by providing brilliant music for a large orchestra and 26 singers. The opera, under the stage dir


What is obtained from the seeds of the flax plant?

flax | plant | Britannica.com plant Alternative Titles: common flax, Linum usitatissimum Related Topics flaxseed Flax (Linum usitatissimum), plant of the family Linaceae , cultivated both for its fibre , from which linen yarn and fabric are made, and for its nutritious seeds, called flaxseed or linseed, from which linseed oil is obtained. Though flax has lost some of its value as a commercial fibre crop owing to the availability of synthetic fibres, it has grown in popularity as a health food and remains economically significant in a number of countries around the world, including China , Russia , and Canada . (For additional information on the nutrition and uses of the seeds, see flaxseed ). Harvesting flax near Hrodna, in western Belarus. A. Perekhod/Tass from Sovfoto Flaxseed, or linseed, harvested from flax (Linum usitatissimum). AdstockRF Flax is an herbaceous annual . When densely planted for fibre, plants average 0.9 to 1.2 metres (3 to 4 feet) in height, with slender stalks 2.5 to 4 mm (about 0.10 to 0.15 inch) in diameter and with branches concentrated at the top. Plants cultivated for seed are shorter and many-branched. The leaves , alternating on the stalk, are small and lance-shaped. The flowers , borne on stems growing from the branch tips, have five petals, usually blue in colour but sometimes white or pink. The fruits are small dry capsules composed of five lobes. Flax (Linum usitatissimum) in bloom. The plant is grown for its useful fibres as well as for … © Mykola Ivashchenko/Shutterstock.com A bast fibre , flax is one of the oldest textile fibres. Evidence of its use has been found in the prehistoric lake dwellings of Switzerland . Fine linen fabrics, indicating a high degree of skill, have been discovered in ancient Egyptian tombs. Phoenician traders apparently brought linen from the Mediterranean area to Gaul and Britain , and the Romans introduced linen manufacture throughout their empire. In the 17th century the German states and Russia were major sources of raw material, and the linen industry was established in the Netherlands, Ireland, England , and Scotland. In North America the expansion of the cotton industry reduced the importance of linen. Similar Topics


Which famous artist painted such worls as 'A girl in the window', 'The man with the golden helmet' and 'Nightwatch'?

1000+ images about Paintings - Rembrandt on Pinterest | Rembrandt self portrait, Portrait and Self portraits "Saskia With A Child" ... by Rembrandt - pen and wash 1636 See More


Which English cathedral has the tallest spire?

Six of the best: beautiful English cathedrals | Daily Mail Online Six of the best: beautiful English cathedrals By Emily Payne, TravelMail Last updated at 17:31 03 October 2008 Lincoln Cathedral was used during the filming of the Da Vinci Code You don't need to travel to Venice, Paris or India to see breathtaking architecture – Britain's forefathers certainly had talent. The intricate nature of the nation's cathedrals means they are as jaw-droppingly beautiful now as when they were first built. So, as Salisbury Cathedral celebrates its 750th birthday, we pick out some other show-stoppers worthy of a visit. Salisbury Cathedral Its spectacular spire is the tallest medieval structure in Britain. Its beauty lured some of the greatest artists, including Turner, Constable and Whistler, to Wiltshire. And while most cathedrals took centuries to build Salisbury Cathedral was built in just 38 years - by a mere 300 men. The English Gothic structure is one of twenty cathedrals that were built after the Battle of Hastings in 1066 when William the Conqueror seized control of England and Wales. Cathedral construction was an emerging skill, and errors of judgement led to the collapse of the central towers at both Winchester and Lincoln. With foundations only four feet deep, Salisbury was lucky to escape a similar fate when the imposing spire was added. The spire now leans 69.85cm to the south and 44.44cm to the west. Enjoy spectacular views as you climb 332 steps of narrow spiral staircases to reach the summit. From here, gaze up through the medieval scaffold and from the outside look over the city and surrounding countryside. Salisbury Cathedral boasts Britain's tallest spire Europe's oldest working clock (AD1386), found in the north nave aisle, has 'ticked' more than 5 million times since it was first built. Admission: Free, but with a suggested donation of £3 Opening hours: 7:15am to 6:15pm daily, (7:15pm 09th June - 23rd August) with regular services every Sunday. More information: www.salisburycathedral.org.uk Lincoln Cathedral Lincoln Cathedral took on the role of Westminster Abbey during the filming of The Da Vinci Code after the Abbey refused to take part. Filming took place mainly within the cloisters and chapter house of the cathedral, and remained a closed set. Taller than the Egyptian Pyramids, the famous edifice is an imposing tribute to medieval British architecture. It has been through a series of building disasters and mishaps including a fire, an earthquake and a gale in its near 1000 years of existence. According to 14th century legend, two troublesome imps were sent by Satan to do evil work on Earth. An angel appeared at Lincoln Cathedral and ordered them to stop. One of the imps sat atop a stone pillar started throwing rocks at the angel whilst the other imp cowered under the broken tables and chairs. The angel turned the first imp to stone allowing the second imp to escape. The imp that turned to stone, the Lincoln Imp, can still be found, frozen in stone, sitting on a stone column in the Angel Choir. The cathedral offers tours of the main building, the tower and the roof. The peak of its season is the Lincoln Christmas Market, accompanied by an annual production of Handel's Messiah. Opening hours: summer weekdays 7.15am to 8.00pm, saturdays and sundays 7.15am to 6.00pm. Winter weekdays and saturdays 7.15am to 6.00pm, sundays 7.15 am to 5.00pm Admission: Adults £4.00, concessions £3.00, children 5 –16 £1.00, children under 5 Free More information: www.lincolncathedral.com Winchester Cathedral Winchester's centrepiece controlled a third of the country's wealth before Henry VIII stripped it of much of its land and privileges. The awesome building was the last resting place of Saint Swithun who lived in the 9th century. After his death, his bones were said to heal the sick and pilgrims flocked to the cathedral in their thousands. Winchester Cathedral is the resting place of Saint Swithun But events took their toll on the building. The Roundheads during the English Civil War smashed the West Window in the 1600s. The loc


Which is the only cathedral in England with three spires?

Three Spires - Lichfield Cathedral, Lichfield Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor “Three Spires” Reviewed 2 October 2014 Lichfield Cathedral is one of the most beautiful cathedrals in England. Located in the Midlands, it has three magnificent spires which can be seen from where ever you are in the city. The interior is vast. Beautiful stain glass windows stream light down upon the huge ornate alter. Hundreds of statues adorn the outside walls. The cathedral casts its huge shadow over Minster pool creating a beauty spot to rival any in the country. Lichfield is steeped in history. The English Civil War was played out both in and around the cathedral with both Parliamentarians and Royalists holding siege there during the fighting. The Cathedral was badly damaged in one of the sieges. The Staffordshire Horde (the biggest medieval treasure to found) was discovered just a few miles from Lichfield and a replica is held at the cathedral. Visited October 2014


Against which country did Russia declare war in 1939?

World War II 1939 | Encyclopedia of War Encyclopedia of War World War II 1939 Events of 1939 Three years of mounting international tension - The Spanish Civil War, the Anschluss of Germany and Austria, Hitler's occupation of the Sudetenland and the invasion of Czechoslovakia - culminated in the German invasion of Poland on 1 September. Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. While the USA proclaimed neutrality, it continued to supply Britain with essential supplies, and the critical Battle of the Atlantic between German U-Boats and British naval convoys commenced. Western Europe was eerily quiet during this 'phoney war'. Preparations for war continued in earnest, but there were few signs of conflict, and civilians who had been evacuated from London in the first months drifted back into the city. Gas masks were distributed, and everybody waited for the proper war to begin. In eastern Europe and Scandinavia there was nothing phony about the war. With the Ribbentrop Pact signed between the Soviet Union and Germany in late August, Russia followed Germany into Poland in September. That country was carved up between the two invaders before the end of the year, and Russia continued this aggression by going on to invade Finland. Austria was annexed into the German Third Reich on 12 March 1938. There had been several years of pressure by supporters from both Austria and Germany for the "Heim ins Reich " movement The Heim ins Reich Home into the Empire; or Back to Reich initiative was a policy pursued by Hitler starting in 1938 and was one of the main factors leading to the War. Germany invades poland v On September 1, 1939, Germany invades Poland the German attack  was code-named Operation White ( Fall Weiss ). The Polish army was  defeated within weeks of the invasion. From East Prussia and Germany in  the north and Silesia and Slovakia in the south, German units, with  more than 2,000 tanks and over 1,000 planes, smashed through Polish  lines along the border and pushed on to Warsaw in a massive  encirclement attack. After heavy shelling and bombing, Warsaw  surrendered to the Germans on September 27, 1939. Britain and France,  standing by their guarantee of Poland's border, had declared war on  Germany on September 3, 1939. The Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland  on September 17, 1939. The demarcation line for the partition of  German- and Soviet-occupied Poland was along the Bug River. The Polish armed forces were no match for the German Blitzkrieg "lightning war" the Germans learned valuable lessons from World War I; were large forces got bogged down and and ended in trench warfare and opposing armies battled for control,but anything gained was lost just a quick with of large numbers of troops killed or wounded. In the late thirties Polish headquarters prepared " Plan Zachód " (Plan West), a plan of mobilization of Polish Army in case of war with Germany. Earlier, the Poles did not regard the Germans as their main threat, priority was given to threat from the Soviets. In terms of air power, the Germans had 850 bombers and dive-bombers and 400 fighters. The Polish Air Force numbered 150 fighters and 210 bombers – Many of these were obsolete and were no match for the modern Luftwaffe that destroyed the Polish Air Force within two days of the first attack. The Polish Navy consisted of four destroyers, five submarines, two gunboats, a mine-layer and six mine sweepers – which meant that any German attack from the sea could not be repulsed. Despite the terms of Versailles, Germany had built a modern navy that totally outclassed the Polish Navy. The Polish were out manned and out gunned and had little chance to stop the German advance into Poland. There were even reports of Polish calvary charging German tanks in a desperate attempt to halt the advance but had no affect but these are supposed myths, creations of the Germans and even Italian propaganda and are very far from truth. Polish cavalry was active during the campaign and acted as horse mounted infantry. One of the most successful cavalry charg


What is the name of the fat substance used in ointments and cosmetics that is obtained from wool?

Wool fat - definition of wool fat by The Free Dictionary Wool fat - definition of wool fat by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/wool+fat Related to wool fat: yellow soft paraffin wool fat (Elements & Compounds) another name for lanolin lan•o•lin a fatty substance, extracted from wool, used in ointments, waterproof coatings, etc. Sometimes, lan•o•line (-ɪn, -ˌin) Also called wool fat. [1880–85; < Latin lān(a) wool + -ol 2 + -in 1] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. wool fat - a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics ointment , salve , unguent , balm , unction - semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation animal oil - any oil obtained from animal substances Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.


What do 'Grandshire', Plain Bob', 'Stedman' and Treble Bob' have in common?

Resources The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers A Miscellany of Ringing Resources When you are ringing a method you of course need to know your route (the “blue line”   or circle of work), but that’s not enough.  Imagine driving a memorised route in   a car, but with a blindfold on.  You know you have to turn right, and you guess when   you’ve got there by how long it has taken you. Would a ‘clash’ be inevitable…… Navigating.. When I was first told to learn Yorkshire Major after ringing Cambridge I remember   it looked totally illogical and I wondered how I’d ever remember it. Those funny   3-4 places in 4ths & 7ths place bell were a blinking nuisance! Eventually I picked   up information bit by bit and then when I started ringing it on higher numbers ….. Why do people say Yorkshire is easier than Cambridge?? The stay is the device which enables a bell to be temporarily halted in the upright   position, ready to be swung fulll-circle.   You will see two types of stay in operation.  Most diagrams portray the standard   stay/slider arrangement but the more complex Hastings stay is quite common… Hastings Stays Between 1999 and 2007 the CCCBR Education committee provided a series of regular   articles on teaching and learning that were published in The Ringing World on the   first Friday of each month.   They’re available to buy in book form or to download   and view as pdf files. The Learning Curve 'Ropesight' is a collection of video tutorials providing the key steps in learning   the fundamentals of change ringing. The Craft of Bellringing explores the development of the English style hanging of   bells, and covers virtually all aspects of the world of ringing, exploring the craft's   rich cultural heritage. DVDs about ringing Please feel free to share and use for training purposes. 'Ringing by rules is a useful skill – you probably already do it up to a point if   you have learned where you pass the treble in Plain Bob – if you forget what your   next dodge is, passing the treble can inform you and that is an example of ringing   by rules! Dixon’s Bob Minor is an exercise in ringing by rule, Dixon’s Bob Minor Erin, like Stedman, is a principle rung on odd numbers of bells.  This means all   bells, including the treble, do exactly the same work in rotation.   Erin is easier to learn and ring than Stedman, but is harder to conduct and that’s   probably why it’s not so frequently rung. Erin 'When I decided to conduct a peal of Major I researched and planned thoroughly, seeking   advice from experienced conductors along the way.   I thought I would share the resultant   “plan” that I used in preparation for conducting Pritchards 5056 Plain Bob Major. Conducting -  Plain Bob Major 'Ringing Stedman often seems to be a precarious affair; e person goes wrong and it’s   like a set of dominoes going down.   Here are some tips that may help you to avoid   joining the mayhem and allow order to be restored when someone makes a trip.


In which US city was the 192 metre tall Gateway Arch built on the west bank of the Mississippi river in the mid-1960s?

Buildings and bridges A-Z - Q-files Encyclopedia Buildings and bridges A-Z Technology > Buildings and bridges A-Z Arch bridge   A bridge with an arched structure beneath its deck. Arched bridges are one of the oldest types of bridge. The arch shape gives great strength to the structure.  Bank of China Tower   A 307-metre-tall (1007-feet) skyscraper in Hong Kong, housing the headquarters of the Bank of China . It was the tallest building in Asia from 1989 to 1992. Bascule   A bridge with a section that can be raised or lowered like a drawbridge, enabling tall ships to pass beneath it.  Beam bridge   A simple bridge formed of horizontal beams supported at each end by vertical posts.  Burj Khalifa   A 828-metre-tall (2716-feet) skyscraper in Dubai , United Arab Emirates. The Burj Khalifa , opened in 2010, is currently the tallest structure ever built.   Cable-stayed bridge   A bridge held up by steel cables. The cables are fixed to the tops of towers standing on the ground. The weight of the deck is supported by the towers.  Cantilever bridge    A bridge constructed from beams supported at just one end. A cantilever bridge can have just one beam, supported at one end; many have two beams reaching out from each end to meet in the centre; some have beams reaching out in opposite directions from central supports. Chrysler Building   A 319-metre-tall (1047-feet) Art Deco-style skyscraper in New York City. Completed in 1930, it was the tallest building in the world for 11 months, before the Empire State Building was completed. CN Tower   A 553-metre-tall (1814-feet) structure in Toronto, Canada . It is a TV transmission station and a tourist attraction, with two observation decks. Completed in 1976, the CN Tower was the world’s tallest structure until the completion of Burj Khalifa in 2010.   Dam   A barrier built across a river to hold water back for drinking or watering crops , to generate electricity by hydroelectric power , or to control flooding .   Eiffel Tower   A 300-metre-tall (984-feet) iron structure, built in Paris in 1889. At the time of its construction, the Eiffel Tower was the world’s tallest structure.  Empire State Building   A 381-metre-tall (1250-feet) skyscraper in New York. Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building was the world’s tallest building until 1973. Its spire was intended to be a mooring post for airships , but was only used for this once. Ericsson Globe   The national indoor arena of Sweden , in its capital city, Stockholm. At 100 m wide and 85 m tall (328 x 279 feet), it is the largest hemispherical building in the world.  Gateway Arch   The tallest monument in the world, rising 192 metres (630 feet) above the Mississippi River in the USA . It was built in 1965 to mark St. Louis’s historic role as “Gateway to the West”. The steel arch is hollow, with lifts going up inside it.  Petronas Towers   Twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . The 452-metre-tall (1483-feet) Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. Each tower has 88 floors and a sky bridge connects the 41st and 42nd floors.  Skyscraper   A very tall building, usually more than 20 storeys high. Skyscrapers provide lots of space while using little land. They are a feature of many large cities, where land is limited and expensive.  Suspension bridge   A bridge hung from steel cables strung between towers. Suspension bridges are ideal for long, high spans as they do not require a row of supporting columns that may interfere with river transport.  Sydney Opera House   One of the most famous modern buildings in the world, on the edge of Sydney Harbour in Australia . Built during the 1960s, Sydney Opera House 's roof is designed to imitate the sails of the ships in the harbour.


Named after the Queen Consort of George III, which is the largest city in North Carolina?

Charlotte Meaning, What does Charlotte name meaning in German The United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Scotland, Belgium,Northern Ireland Information about the Name of Charlotte : Though the name sounds like royalty now, it wasn't used by those in high rank until the 8th century. Karl is usually a name given to those who are considered of "low birth" or "common". Its lowly beginnings changed with Charlemagne taking the name. Famous People with Name Charlotte : Charlotte Beaumont is an actress commonly known for her role in the drama Broadchurch. She also starred in the film Jupiter Ascending.  Charlotte Bronte was a poet and novelist. She was the eldest among the Bronte sisters, all of whom are famous classic literary figures. She wrote the novel Jane Eyre.  Charlotte, whose real name is Ashley Elizabeth Fliehr, is a professional wrestler. She was awarded the title 2014 NXT Women's Champion. The daughter of "Nature Boy" Ric Flair, she naturally gained the nickname "Nature Girl". Variant Baby Names of Charlotte: Carlie,  Carlotta,  Carlota,  Carla,  Carleen,  Carline,  Carly,  Carlyne,  Chara,  Char,  Charill, , Carol,  Charlotta, Charlaine,  Charle,  Charleen,  Charlene, Charlesetta,  Charlet,  Charlett,  Charletta,  Charlette. Charlize (Afrikaans), Carolina (Italian), Karolina (Lithuanian), Carlota (Spanish), Karola (Hungarian), Searlait (Irish) Rhyming Names of Charlotte:  Charlotte with popular German Surnames: Charlotte Moser,   Charlotte Wilhelm,   Charlotte Kopp,   Charlotte Eigenmann,   Charlotte Wagner Popularity Rank : Charlotte name was top ranked at 75 position in American during year 1930 and most recently ranked at 9 position in American during year 2015       Name Charlotte has been Most Popular throughout the last hundred plus years and ranked at 211 position. 322773 numbers of people were named Charlotte so far in last 100 years. (SSA) More about : The feminine name Charlotte is the French diminutive of Charles, which is the Germanic form of Karl that is derived from a German word that means “man” or from the element hari that means “warrior or army”.   The name became common in Britain during the 17th century. There have been many notable people with the name, like Charlotte Brontë. The British songwriter, singer, and actress Charli XCX has her actual name as Charlotte Emma Aitchison. Charlotte Numerology : Personality No. 9. People with the Charlotte desire love & independence. They love arts & music. They are generous, kindhearted, humane & philanthropic. Person with Charlotte having 9 as Personality number love traveling & teaching but hate restraint. They are bold, functional, broadminded & spiritual. They have will power & are determined , but are impulsive, contentious, ill-tempered, rebellious & impatient too. Menschen mit dem Charlotte Wunsch Liebe & Unabhängigkeit. Sie lieben Kunst und Musik. Sie sind großzügig, gutherzig, menschlich & menschenfreundlich. Person mit Namen Charlotte mit 9 als Persönlichkeitszahl Liebe Reisen & Lehre, sondern Hass Zurückhaltung. Sie sind kühn, funktional, breit gemacht und spirituell. Sie haben Willenskraft und sind entschlossen, sind aber impulsiv, streitsüchtig, schlecht gelaunt, rebellisch und ungeduldig. More Numerology More About German Name : Charlotte Feminine diminutive of CHARLES.Charlotte, the largest city in North Carolina, was named after the Queen consort of George III - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. There is a dessert named the Charlotte, which may have been named after Queen Charlotte. This name had come into light in 17th century. It is a feminine diminutive of name “Charles”. Charlotte name was introduced to Britain in the 17th century. A notable bearer was Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855), the eldest of the three Bronte sisters and the author of 'Jane Eyre' and 'Villette'. Name Analysis of Charlotte Character Analysis of Charlotte : Persons with the name Charlotte are most often optimistic souls who have a genuine enthusiasm about life and the living of it. They are generally charming, pretty easy-going and are good


Espoo, (population 248,000) is the second largest city in which European country?

Statistics on European cities - Statistics Explained Statistics on European cities Maps can be explored interactively using Eurostat’s Statistical Atlas (see user manual ). This article is part of a set of statistical articles based on the Eurostat regional yearbook publication. It presents data on European Union (EU) cities: the first part relates to demographic developments, with information pertaining to the resident population, an analysis of age structures and statistics on the citizenship of EU city dwellers; the second part provides information on housing, analysing the disparities observed in terms of the average size of households, the average price of houses, the proportion of lone parent households, and the proportion of lone pensioner households. These indicators are just a few examples of the wide range of data that is collected by Eurostat on cities . Map 1: Resident population in European cities, 1 January 2012 (¹) (inhabitants) 6 External links Main statistical findings Figure 1: Age structure of the population, national averages and selected capital cities from the Urban Audit, 2012 (¹) (% of total population) Map 2: Old-age dependency ratio in European cities, 2012 (¹) (%, persons aged ≥ 65 years / persons aged 20–64 years) Source: Eurostat (urb_cpopstr) and (urb_cpop1) Figure 2: Disparities in the old-age dependency ratio in European cities, 2012 (¹) (%, persons aged ≥ 65 years / persons aged 20–64 years) Source: Eurostat (urb_cpopstr) and (demo_pjangroup) Map 3: Proportion of the population who are native-born in European cities, 2012 (¹) (% of total population) Source: Eurostat (urb_cpopcb) and (urb_cpop1) Map 4: Proportion of the population who are nationals in European cities, 2012 (¹) (% of total population) Source: Eurostat (urb_cpopcb) and (urb_cpop1) Figure 3: Breakdown of population by nationality, selected capital cities from the Urban Audit, 2012 (¹) (% of total population) Figure 4: Disparities in the average size of households in European cities, 2012 (¹) (persons) Source: Eurostat (urb_clivcon) and (ilc_lvph01) Figure 5: Disparities in the average price of a house in European cities, 2012 (¹) (EUR) Source: Eurostat (urb_clivcon) Figure 6: Disparities in the proportion of lone parent households (with children aged 0–17) in European cities, 2012 (¹) (% of all households) Source: Eurostat (urb_clivcon) and (ilc_lvph02) Figure 7: Disparities in the proportion of lone pensioner (above retirement age) households in European cities, 2012 (¹) (% of all households) Source: Eurostat (urb_clivcon) and (ilc_lvph02) Built-up areas — defined as cities , towns and suburbs — provide a home to almost three quarters (72.4 %) of the EU-28 ’s population. As shown in this article , the quality of urban life in the EU is considered to be crucial for attracting and retaining a skilled labour force, businesses, students and tourists. However, the social and economic concentration of resources in cities can result in undesirable side-effects: for example, congestion or crime. Cities are therefore seen as both the source of and solution to economic, environmental and social challenges and, as such, they may be viewed as being central to achieving the Europe 2020 goals of ‘smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’. Defining cities and functional urban areas In 2011, work carried out by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy (DG REGIO), Eurostat and the OECD resulted in a harmonised definition of cities and their surrounding areas. A city consists of one or more local administrative unit (LAU) where the majority of the population lives in an urban centre of at least 50 000 inhabitants (previously known as the core city). A greater city is an approximation of the urban centre when this stretches beyond the administrative city boundaries (previously referred to as the kernel). A functional urban area consists of the city and its surrounding commuting zone (previously known as a larger urban zone (LUZ)). An example: three different spatial levels for the city of Dublin (Ireland) City


The Bruce Highway, the longest in Queensland, runs for 1,700km from Brisbane to which other city?

Cairns Map | Map of Cairns for Visitors Tweet Located 1,700km north of Brisbane, Cairns is a popular holiday destination and the gateway to Tropical Far North Queensland. As the below Cairns map shows, the city is situated on a stunning coastline overlooking the Coral Sea and is famous for its Esplanade, Lagoon and the nearby Skyrail Cairns. This Cairns map shows a portion of the Captain Cook Highway, the major motorway that runs along the coast and connects to Port Douglas in the north as well as the Bruce Highway in the south, the direct route from Queensland’s capital Brisbane to Cairns. Although flights are available from Brisbane, visitors who have the time are recommended to enjoy the scenic drive up the coast over a couple of days. Renowned for its fantastic tropical weather, Cairns is perfect to visit year round and attracts thousands of tourists throughout the year. To cater to the influx of visitors to this popular holiday destination, there are a great range of accommodation options which are highlighted on the Cairns map below. You can use this Cairns map to help plan your time in town including helping you to decide where to stay. Giving you a reference point for where things are located, the map can help you to choose what you would like to be located near including the Cairns Esplanade, Cairns Lagoon and Cairns Casino to name a few popular attractions. Use the markers on the Cairns map to pick a property and see its star rating, name and a brief overview of its accommodation and facilities. About Us


Who played oil baron Clayton Farlow in the 80's soap Dallas?

Dallas | Soap Opera Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Dallas was an hour long primetime soap opera on the CBS network at 10 o'clock in the evening from 1978 to 1991. The show started out as a mini-series. Contents [ show ] Premise The show chronicled the tales of the Ewing family, whose wealth comes from the twin industries of oil and cattle ranching. It was broadcast around the world and is still considered to be the most successful drama series in television history, in or out of the United States. Heading the family was John Ross Ewing, Sr, (called Jock), the founder of Ewing Oil Company, the family-owned oil and petroleum company; and his wife, Eleanor, called Miss Ellie by everyone, whose father, Aaron Southworth, was the original owner of Southfork, the ranch the family lived at, and the other source of their wealth. Jock and Miss Ellie had three sons. Their oldest son, J.R., an amoral greedy oil baron who had absolutely no scruples about hurting people; Gary, the alcoholic black sheep of the family who was not liked by J.R. and to some extent, Jock; and Bobby, the youngest son, who was a lot more likable than his scheming older brother. Also living with them was Sue Ellen, J.R.'s miserable, alcoholic wife who constantly quarreled with J.R. about his many and varied affairs (i.e.: Sue Ellen: Tell me, J.R. Which slut are you going to be seeing tonight?! J.R.: Well, whoever she is, she will be more interesting than the slut I am looking at now!); Pam, Bobby's wife, who was the daughter (or so it was thought at first) of Willard "Digger" Barnes, Jock's ex-partner in Ewing Oil, and up until his death, one of his arch-enemies; (it was later revealed that Pam was the daughter of one Hutch McKinney, a Southfork ranch hand who had been killed by Digger); and Lucy, Gary's daughter, a sexy, rebellious young girl. Seen frequently was Ray Krebbs, the ranch's foreman, who was later revealed to be the half-brother of J.R.; Gary and Bobby; and Cliff Barnes, the half-brother of Pam, who was, like his father, a consistent thorn in the side of the Ewing family. Cliff was just as manipulative and devious as J.R. but he was less talented at it. Even after his father's death, he still tried to sink the Ewings, but his attempts usually failed. Some years later, when Jock died (necessitated by the death of actor Jim Davis, who played Jock), Ellie would eventually marry another oil man, Clayton Farlow (Howard Keel), whose son, Dusty (Jared Martin), was one of Sue Ellen's many paramours. The Dallas series is probably best-known for the central character of J.R. Ewing, the vain, greedy, scheming, crass oil baron played by Fort Worth native Larry Hagman for the show's entire run. Ironically, J.R. was only meant to be a supporting character when the show premiered (the show was originally to be based around the Romeo-and-Juliet-esque romance between J.R.'s brother Bobby (Patrick Duffy) and his new bride Pam (Victoria Principal). When Dallas proved to be a hit, CBS again turned to Jacobs to create a show, and Knots Landing (which was originally created and pitched but Jacobs created Dallas because CBS wanted a more glamorous show. Dallas character, Gary, the family's alcoholic black sheep, played a more prominent role in Knots Landing) was aired as a spinoff . The series pioneered the idea of the cliffhanger, which was usually some kind of apocalyptic disaster aimed to bring the viewers back for more. One of the most famous cliffhangers in all of television was the episode "A House Divided" in which, J.R., after pretty much angering everyone in Dallas, was shot by an unknown assailant. In the next season, it was revealed that J.R.'s sister in-law, Kristin Shepherd (played by Mary Crosby) had been the one who committed the dreadful deed, in retaliation for his attempt to make her leave Dallas. A few years later, they repeated the idea of a Ewing being shot, only it was Bobby being shot this time. And the culprit at that point was Katherine Wentworth (Morgan Brittany), who obsessed over Bobby and hated the fact that he was in love with Jenna Wade


Who was the only Crossroads character to appear in both the first and last episodes of the original series (1964-88)?

TV Shows We Used To Watch - Crossroads 1964-88 | The sillies… | Flickr Paul Townsend By: Paul Townsend TV Shows We Used To Watch - Crossroads 1964-88 The silliest TV soap ever! Wobbly sets, ludicrous plots, awful acting... but 50 years after its launch, fans are still devoted to Crossroads.   www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8s26Pk-gkk   The sets were famously wobbly, the characters notoriously flaky and the stories lurched from the unlikely to the downright bizarre.   But the millions of viewers who checked in every weekday at the Crossroads motel for their five-times-a-week teatime fix couldn’t have cared less. They loved every shambolic moment of it — fluffed lines, mistakes and all.   Launched to fill a gap in the schedules 50 years ago, Crossroads ran for almost 5,000 episodes. Its first incarnation lasted until 1988, and it was revived — disastrously — for two years in 2001.   At its peak in the Seventies, it pulled in 18 million viewers and was second only to Coronation Street. Its stars won viewers’ polls and showbiz awards.   However, not everyone was so enthralled. ITV’s regulator, the Independent Broadcasting Authority, twice ordered it to cut its output, first to four, then three, episodes a week to improve its quality. The chairman, Lady Plowden, lamented that Crossroads was ‘distressingly popular’.   It is, however, sadly missed these days, not least by its stars. Jane Asher, who played the motel’s owner (and arch-bitch and sexual predator) Angel Samson, in the revived version, says she loved every minute of it.   So much so, that she even posed in a bath of bubbles and discreetly placed rose petals, while sipping from a glass of Champagne to promote her motel.   ‘It was an iconic soap and greatly under-appreciated’, she insists. ‘I watched the original as a teenager, and could easily have got hooked on it. But I was more a fan of The Archers on the radio. But by the second time around the show had really had its day’.   Crossroads first opened its doors in November 1964 — set in the fictional King’s Oak, Birmingham, and charging guests £4 a night for each of its 18 rooms. The show, with the formidable Noele Gordon as the motel’s matriarch, Meg Richardson, was scheduled to run for 30 episodes over six weeks. It was an immediate hit with viewers in spite of its visibly cheap production values.   The budget was reported to be only £10,000 for an entire week’s five episodes, compared with the same amount spent on each episode of rival Coronation Street. The sets had been constructed out of flimsy canvas and board because they had never been meant to last for long. The highest-paid star was Gordon, whose salary was reportedly £200 a week. Some minor characters were persuaded to work for £10 an episode on the grounds that the show would be good exposure for them.   With such a demanding schedule, there was little time for scripts to be re-written and polished, still less for rehearsal, so everything had to be filmed in one take. The expense of editing out mistakes was so great, given the tiny budget, that the producers ordered them to be left in.   Jane Rossington, who was in the show for 24 years as Meg’s daughter, Jill, has the distinction of speaking the very first words in the opening episode, and the final words in the last, and remembers how many bloopers crept in.   She recalls: ‘Noele would sometimes call me Jane, on camera, rather than by my character name, Jill, but there was no time or budget for re-takes. “Oh, no one will notice”, she’d insist. ‘I loved her, but she did speak her lines very slowly and sometimes I would wonder if she was ever going to finish a sentence!’   The story lines were equally erratic. Jill had an on-screen pregnancy that went on for over a year — and, to the shock of viewers, the father was her screen stepbrother. But after the baby was born, it was never mentioned again. The script called for her to marry three times — once bigamously — and to become a drug addict and an alcoholic.   ‘Everything that could happen to a person happened to me’, she says, ‘but it was all terrific fun’.


Where Everybody Knows Your Name was the title of the theme music of which long-running US sitcom?

Gary Portnoy on Apple Music To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. Biography Songwriter Gary Portnoy is best known as the gentleman who penned the memorable theme song for the TV show Cheers, titled "Where Everybody Knows Your Name" (which also became a hit when later issued as a single). Before his lone hit, Portnoy had issued an overlooked self-titled solo album on Columbia Records in 1980. He also wrote the themes for Punky Brewster and Mr. Belvedere, as well as a song used in Fame titled "I Still Believe in Me." He recorded additional solo albums during the 2000s, although proof of his lasting appeal registered in 2001 when an antique bar stool with the Cheers song's lyrics and Portnoy's autograph appeared at an internet auction. ~ Greg Prato Top Albums


Who won the first UK series of The X Factor in 2004?

The X Factor (TV Series 2004– ) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error British singing competition in which contestants sing cover songs to try and impress judges and voting viewers. Stars: a list of 38 titles created 27 Jan 2012 a list of 48 titles created 21 Feb 2013 a list of 49 titles created 07 Dec 2014 a list of 21 titles created 29 Mar 2015 a list of 38 titles created 10 Jan 2016 Title: The X Factor (2004– ) 4.5/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 13 wins & 18 nominations. See more awards  » Photos In this American version of the hit UK show, Simon Cowell and his fellow judges search for a singer who has the "X factor". Stars: Simon Cowell, Demi Lovato, L.A. Reid Britain's Got Talent (TV Series 2007) Comedy | Music | Reality-TV Amateur singers, dancers, comedians, magicians, ventriloquists and novelty acts perform for a live audience and a panel of three judges. If all three judges buzz them off they must stop their act. Stars: Anthony McPartlin, Declan Donnelly, Amanda Holden The X Factor (TV Series 2005) Music | Reality-TV Four celebrity singers look among the public lf Australia, in a bid to discover who the next music sensation will be. Stars: Guy Sebastian, Luke Jacobz, Ronan Keating Celebrities are abandoned in the Australian jungle. To earn food, they do trials that challenge them physically (climbing caves/trees) and mentally (eating animal parts). Viewers vote their favourites to stay and to take part in challenges. Stars: Anthony McPartlin, Declan Donnelly, Toby Anstis The Voice UK (TV Series 2012) Music | Reality-TV     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.3/10 X   Aspiring singers perform auditions in front of 4 coaches who have their backs turned to them. If a coach likes the voice they hear, they turn around, and the contestant then gets to decide which one of the coaches they want to work with. Stars: Will.i.am, Tom Jones, Emma Willis America's Got Talent (TV Series 2006) Game-Show | Music | Reality-TV A weekly talent competition where an array of performers -- from singers and dancers, to comedians and novelty acts -- vie for a $1 million cash prize. Stars: Nick Cannon, Howie Mandel, Sharon Osbourne Some acts not seen on the main show, and more footage and interviews from those that were. Plus some relaxation time with the judges and presenters, all done with a knowing wink to the viewers. Stars: Stephen Mulhern, Amanda Holden, Simon Cowell A game show hosted by Ant and Dec filled with stunts, sketches, and special guest appearances. Stars: Anthony McPartlin, Declan Donnelly, Kirsty Gallacher The Voice (TV Series 2011) Game-Show | Music | Reality-TV Four famous musicians search for the best voices in America and will mentor these singers to become artists. America will decide which singer will be worthy of the grand prize. Stars: Adam Levine, Blake Shelton, Carson Daly Twelve finalists and/or future singers (six men and six women) who were selected from America, compete in a talent contest in which they were asked to sing any song they like on this "Star ... See full summary  » Stars: Ryan Seacrest, Mark Thompson, Randy Jackson Strictly Come Dancing (TV Series 2004) Game-Show | Music | Reality-TV A dance competition where celebrities compete to be crowned the winner. Who is kicked out of the competition each week is decided by the judges scores and viewer votes. Stars: Bruno Tonioli, Craig Revel Horwood, Alan Dedicoat The Chase I (TV Series 2009) Game-Show A Game Show where contestants must compete against 'The Chasers' in a variety of questions in order to win money. Stars: Bradley Walsh, Jenny Ryan, Mark Labbett Storyline British singing competition in which contestants sing cover songs to try and impress judges and voting viewers. It's time to face the music Genres: 4 September 2004 (UK) See more  » Al


Who plays ex-Detective Sergeant Gerry Standing in the long-running BBC 1 series New Tricks?

BBC One - New Tricks - Gerry Standing Read more about sharing. Gerry Standing Totally un-PC, Gerry seems to be stuck in the '70s - not only in how he approaches the job, but also how he behaves socially. Fact title Ex Detective Sergeant; Member of UCOS Played by Dennis Waterman UCOS legend Gerry Standing solves the Met’s unsolved crimes alongside Steve McAndrew and Danny Griffin , under the watchful eye of his boss Sasha Miller . Having been at UCOS the longest, Gerry has his own way of doing things and sometimes seems stuck in the 70s, although he is well-respected by his team: he’s straight talking, totally un-PC and gets the job done, no matter what. This series opens with an explosive two-parter in which Gerry is forced to come face to face with the ghosts of his past. Things start to get nasty when one of London’s biggest crime families steps in to halt Gerry’s investigation and he becomes embroiled in a dangerous game of cat and mouse across London as he fights to clear his name. View Programme information Dennis Waterman Dennis began his career in the late fifties, when he was still at school. One of his early roles included playing the title role in the 1962 series William. Later in the sixties he appeared in a movie version of Up the Junction and in sci-fi series Journey to the Unknown. Two TV roles in particular made him a familiar face on television, namely hard guy George Carter in The Sweeney (1975-1978), and cheerful lad Terry McCann in Minder (1979-1989). Both roles were as half of a double-act - with John Thaw's DI Jack Reagan in The Sweeney, and George Cole's Arthur Daley in Minder. In 1986, he starred in The Life and Loves of a She Devil, a dark adaptation of Fay Weldon's novel. He played Bobbo, the adulterous husband of Ruth, played by Julie T. Wallace. After Minder, Dennis starred in two series set on similar ground. In drama Stay Lucky (1989) he played wide-boy Thomas Glynn, alongside Leslie Ash. A year later, he played East End millionaire Tony Carpenter in sitcom On the Up, which also starred Sam Kelly and Joan Sims. Dennis sang the closing theme. To add to his diverse portfolio, Dennis has also appeared in The Miller's Tale alongside James Nesbitt and Billie Piper and played sports commentator Frank Costello in three-part BBC drama Moses Jones.


Which former winner of Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?, Mastermind and Brain of Britain became the seventh member of the Eggheads quiz team in 2009?

Life After Mastermind: January 2013 Busy Saturdays I’m not asking for sympathy. It’s been a busy old quiz day today, though. What with my current year group at school being Year 11 ( the fifth form in old money ) and in the last term and a half before their GCSEs and other external exams, I’m working pretty hard in the evenings at the moment, and when I’m not doing schoolwork I’m actually at quizzes. As I said, I’m not asking for sympathy, but it is something in the way of an explanation why I haven’t been able to find the time to post during the week during term time over the last 6 months or so. Hence the plethora of posts on a Saturday. The way it’s worked out I have actually compiled two separate quizzes today. I’ll endeavor to explain why. A fortnight ago I made my first appearance at the Sunday evening quiz at the Dyffryn Arms, which I’m sure that I’ve mentioned before. It’s a lovely little quiz, nice club, nice people, and a good, and at times great set of questions. Pretty much all you could want really. I hadn’t been able to get down to it since early December, through a combination of my illness, John’s illness, my being away, John’s being away , and so forth. While I was there Keith informed me that Graham, one of the two other regular setters , wasn’t going to be able to do the quizzes any more, and asked if I’d be willing to step in . Now, there were a couple of factors that I needed to take into consideration. Firstly, for reasons I will go into shortly, I’ll probably be doing more quizzes down the rugby club on a Thursday for at least a while. Secondly, I’m pretty sure that when I’m question master in the pub on a Sunday, John won’t want to come down and play on his own. No way do I want to do anything which will stop John coming out on a Sunday when he wants to. So it would have been relatively easy to say no. Only, well, it’s flattering when people trust you enough to ask you to make a quiz. I enjoy being Qm pretty much as much as I do playing. Also, when you’ve got a good little quiz going, which has resisted the temptation to go down the bought in quiz route, you really rather want to help them out to keep it going. So I said that I’ll do it from time to time, but I can’t go on a once every three weeks rota. The upshot being that I said that I’d have one ready for tomorrow night, if they wanted it. Coming back to the Thursday night quiz in the rugby club, well, if you’re a regular you’ll remember me mentioning Brian before. Brian has been the organizer of the quiz for far longer than the 17 years I have been taking part, and the two of us have been the most regular question masters in that time. Other people are good enough to come in and do a quiz from time to time, but when nobody else does, Brian and I step in and share the setting duties between us, week in, week out. It’s not my place to go spreading Brian’s business all over the internet, but the fact is that he isn’t well at the moment, and it’s quite possible that we might not see him for some time. I’ve stepped in as organizer now, and I’ve been fortunate that Howard and Dai Norwich, two of our semi regular setters, stepped in consecutively for the last two weeks. Thursday night it’s me again, and unless there’s a volunteer after that, then it’ll be me again the week after, and so on. Here’s a funny thing, though. The fact is that when I started setting quizzes for the club way back in 1995, I loved doing it so much, that I wanted to do it every week, and would have if I’d been allowed. I was even more full on about the quiz then than I was now, and I used to really chafe at the bit whenever any other question master other than Brian ( or Alwyn Rees ) used to set the quizzes, thinking that I should be the one doing it because I could do it better. I’m pretty sure that nobody else in the club would have concurred with my appraisal of my own abilities as a setter, but back in those heady, pre-Mastermind days that was how I used to think. They do sometimes say - be careful what you wish for, since it may come true. – Well, I’ve always said that


Which eponymous Shakespearean character was King of Scotland from 1040 until his death in 1057?

Scotland takes on Shakespeare to turn Macbeth into tourist draw – Skift Scotland takes on Shakespeare to turn Macbeth into tourist draw Billy Briggs, The Guardian - Feb 15, 2013 6:09 am Glamis Castle, where Scotland tourism officials announced the launch of Macbeth Trail. Edward Simpson / Flickr Photo: Edward Simpson / Flickr Share Tweet Post Send Skift Take With the exception of the silly use of QR codes, the campaign is a very creative way to lure visitors to a place they may not otherwise consider by piquing their interest with a bit of controversy. — Jason Clampet He was the Scottish king immortalised in one of William Shakespeare’s plays as a murderous man driven by a lust for power which led him to guilt, madness and an ignominious death by beheading. Now a campaign in Scotland aims to rehabilitate the 11th-century ruler’s tarnished image, arguing that Shakespeare fictionalised the Scot’s reign and misrepresented the truth in the eponymous play. On Friday at Glamis Castle in Angus – an appropriate venue as Macbeth was afforded the title Thane of Glamis by Shakespeare – details of the Macbeth Trail will be unveiled in a bid to attract tourists to Scotland’s north-east while educating the public about the country during the Middle Ages. The tourist route will highlight places from Shakespeare’s play that were significant to the real Macbeth, including Glamis, Lumphanan – an Aberdeenshire village where Macbeth was killed in battle in 1057 by the future King Malcolm III – and Cairn O’Mount, Aberdeenshire, where Macbeth took his supporters en route to his defeat at Lumphanan. The idea for the campaign followed the recent discovery of the remains of Richard III under a car park in Leicester . The 15th-century English king was also portrayed as a villain by Shakespeare and the subsequent debate about facts pertaining to his life led to Alex Johnstone MSP tabling a motion in the Scottish parliament in an attempt to raise awareness about Macbeth’s reign. The motion read: “That the parliament notes the discovery of what is believed to be the remains of the English king, Richard III; considers that the subsequent debate on the merits of his reign were prompted in no small part by his portrayal by Shakespeare; contrasts this debate with the treatment of Macbeth, king of Scotland from 1040 to 1057, by Shakespeare in the play, Macbeth, which was not written until around 550 years after the death of the king at the Battle of Lumphanan; believes that the play is arguably more a reflection on the relationship between Shakespeare and his patron, King James VI, rather than an attempt at historical accuracy; deeply regrets that the perceived successful reign of King Macbeth remains, it believes, misportrayed to many on the basis of his treatment by Shakespeare; and acknowledges calls for greater efforts to be made to increase awareness of the reign of Macbeth and the Scottish history of the period, which it considers could boost visitor numbers to places associated with this iconic monarch, such as Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire and Glamis in Angus.” Johnstone, who represents the north-east of Scotland region, said that in stark contrast to the character in Shakespeare’s play, the real King Macbeth enjoyed a long reign in comparison to other monarchs of the time and his throne was even secure enough to allow him to make a pilgrimage to Rome, an arduous trip that later monarchs might not have risked in fear of being deposed of in their absence. He added: “The reign of Macbeth, set in the context of the time, was successful and outward looking. To many, however, it is characterised by paranoia and murder because of Shakespeare’s portrayal. The proposal is to form an authoritative trail of important places connected with Macbeth for visitors and enthusiasts alike. “The idea is not to totally discard the character created by Shakespeare, but to allow people to draw a distinction between the fictional and factual character. The trail, whilst using traditional information sources including leaflets and signage, would also embrace new technology


In which year was the TUC formed at a meeting in Manchester? Was it 1868, 1889 or 1901?

Main Galleries – People's History Museum : Manchester Museums Share Main Galleries There have always been ideas worth fighting for. Join a march through time following Britain's struggle for democracy over two centuries. The main story of the museum is told in two purpose built galleries located on the first and second floor.  The galleries have been divided into seven themes and roughly follow a chronological order over the last 200 years.  The story starts with the Peterloo Massacre of 1819 and ends in the present day. Floor One Revolution The first theme of Main Gallery One is Revolution. Two hundred years ago Manchester was at the centre of Britain’s Industrial Revolution.  Based on the cotton textile industry, the town became the world’s first industrial city. Despite high wages in good times, workers endured appalling living and environmental conditions.  Little could be done to improve these; there was no political structure and Manchester, for example, had no MP. On 16 August 1819 a reform meeting held on St Peter’s Field in Manchester attracted over 60,000 mill workers and their families. Magistrates sent in soldiers to arrest the leaders.  There were 18 dead and over 400 seriously injured. The event became known as the Peterloo Massacre and led to the first reform of Parliament in 1832. Reformers This is all about the birth of democratic ideas.  This includes the Levellers, the Chartists and individuals such as John Wilkes, Tom Paine, Mary Wollstonecraft, William Cobbett, Francis Burdett and the Cato Street Conspirators. The Great Reform Act was passed in 1832 giving the vote to some. Two of the oldest banners in our collection are on display in this section – the Liverpool Tinplate Workers banner from 1821 (the oldest trade union banner in the world) and the White Lion Lodge banner from about 1830 (the world’s oldest surviving miners’ banner). Manchester Manufacturers developed the Anti Corn Law League whose ideology was free trade and liberalism.  They created the Manchester Guardian and the Free Trade Hall in Manchester marks the celebration of the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846.  Their campaign led directly to the creation of the Liberal Party. Workers This covers secret societies (which existed before trade unions were legal and were often large, national organisations). Tolpuddle Martyrs - six workers arrested and convicted for attempting to form a union in 1834.  They were all pardoned in 1836 following a public outcry. We then follow the growth of the trade union movement and the differences between unions for skilled and unskilled workers.  Look at some workers who found it hard to join a union, for example home workers. The Trades Union Congress (TUC) held their first meeting in Manchester in 1868.  (The building where this first meeting took place is 103 Princess Street and it used to be the home of the Archive, Textile Conservation Studio and Collections Store.  The public galleries of the museum were based there for a few years in the early 1990’s before moving to the Pump House). Strikes include the strike in 1888 at the Bryant & May match factory in London and the Dock Strike of 1889. Voters It is probably no surprise that this section covers all the main political parties and political movements – from socialism to fascism. Both Engels and Marx founded their joint theories on examples from Manchester – the world’s first industrial city. Subjects covered include early socialism (plus the Clarion movement), the Conservative and Liberal Parties, the birth of the Labour Party, Communist Party of Great Britain, including the Spanish Civil War, fascism and post war politics including the General Strike. Another aspect of this section is all about how women had to fight for the right to vote on the same terms as men.   Includes the formation of the Manchester Suffrage Society 1867 and the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) founded in Manchester by Emmeline Pankhurst and her sisters in 1903. Voters is the final section on floor one.  The story ends in 1945 at the end of World War II.  The story


In 1468 Orkney was ceded to Scotland in lieu of an unpaid dowry by the king of which country?

The wages of Scottish independence – a divided country | England calling The wages of Scottish independence – a divided country Posted on July 3, 2011 by Robert Henderson The divided country is not the UK but Scotland. Its divisions are cultural, geographical, religious, demographic and racial. Demographically Scotland is a most peculiar place. It has a population estimated at 5.2 million in 2010 ( http://www.scotland.org/facts/population/ ) set in an area of 30, 000 square miles (the UK is only 95, 000 square miles – http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/United-Kingdom.html ) including hundreds of islands ( http://www.scotlandinfo.eu/scotland-facts-figures ). The overwhelming majority of the population live in the lowland belt not far from the border with England, with a mere 450,000 settled in the Highlands and Islands which cover around 60% of the area of Scotland ( http://www.hie.co.uk/about-hie/about-hie/who-we-are.html ). As such a dramatic physical division of people might suggest ,there are considerable differences between the highly urbanised lowlands and the sparsely populated highlands and islands. Scottish kings before the Act of Union in 1707 were generally kings of the entirety of Scotland in name rather than reality, the clan chiefs in the highlands and islands being effectively monarchs in their own domains. Until the second half of the 18th century the lowlanders considered the highlanders as primitives, viz: ‘The Highlanders said James VI summarily, in describing his own subjects for the enlightenment of his son, are ‘barbarous for the most part the islanders ‘utterly barbarous’ . A century later, the great Scottish patriot, Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun, looked upon them in the same way: to him they were the ‘wretched Highlanders’: few, worthless, and contemptible.’ (The Invention of Scotland Hugh Trevor-Roper p193). The romantic myth of the highlander as the epitome of Scottishness developed from the middle of the 18th century, but at the same time as the myth was being constructed, the clan chiefs were organising the highland clearances of their own people, a process which continued well into the nineteenth century. This changed the highlands from, by the standards of the time, being well populated to a sparsely populated land, something which continues to this day. There is still a residue of resentment between those who consider themselves highlanders and lowlanders because of the clearances. The major inhabited isles are the Shetlands, Orkneys and the inner and outer Hebrides. All of these have a Norse history having come under Norwegian and Danish control in the ninth century. The Hebrides were ceded to Scotland by Norway in 1266 by the Treaty of Perth. The Shetland and Orkney Islands came to the Scottish crown in 1468 as payment in lieu of a dowry by the King of Denmark and Norway for the Norwegian princess Margaret ,who was betrothed to James III of Scotland. Despite attempts to get the islands back by Denmark they remained in Scottish hands. The Islands, especially the Orkney and Shetland Isles, still have a sense of being Norse rather than Scottish. There is also resentment at the treatment of the Islanders by the Scottish after control passed to Scotland. Here is a Shetlander Malachy Tallack writing in 2007: “ Denmark appealed to the[Scottish] crown [to get back ownership of the islands] several times over the ensuing centuries, but to no avail. Norse law was eventually ended in 1611, though Denmark has, in theory, never renounced its claim to the isles. Following the Act of Union between Scotland and England in 1707, at a time when many islanders still spoke the native Norn as their first language, the vast majority of Shetlanders were forced into serfdom. The people were cruelly exploited by their new Scottish landlords until the end of the 19th century. “This tainted history explains not only the antipathy towards Scotland, which continued well into the 20th century, but also the persistent nostalgia for a romanticised, Nordic past, which is most apparent in the Viking festiva