The island of Angelsey is in which country?

Isle of Anglesey | county, Wales, United Kingdom | Britannica.com Isle of Anglesey Alternative Titles: Môn mam Cymru, Mona, Ynys Môn Related Topics island Isle of Anglesey, Welsh Ynys Môn, Latin Mona, county, northwestern Wales , separated from the North Wales mainland by the Menai Strait . The county encompasses Anglesey island—the largest island in England and Wales, with an area of 261 square miles (676 square km)—and Holy Island , adjoining just west of Anglesey. Isle of Anglesey county is coterminous with the historic county of Anglesey (Sir Fon). The highest point in the county is Holyhead Mountain, with an elevation of 720 feet (219 metres), on Holy Island. Anglesey island has low relief, with a series of low ridges and valleys running from northeast to southwest. Llangefni is the administrative centre for the county. St. Cyngar’s Church, Llangefni, Isle of Anglesey, Wales. Bencherlite Anglesey island is known for its ancient history and its prehistoric and Celtic remains. It is low and fertile, in contrast to the mountainous North Wales mainland, and hence it was an early grain-growing and stock-raising centre. Seafaring and fishing were also significant; trading contacts with Ireland were established early, and the island lay on a prehistoric sea route linking the Mediterranean with northern countries. Megalithic burial chambers and standing stones indicate late Neolithic and early Bronze Age habitation. By 100 bce the islanders had adopted Celtic language and culture . Anglesey became a famous Druid centre and a stronghold of resistance to the Romans ; Suetonius Paulinus invaded in 61 ce, slaying Druid priests and destroying sacred groves, and Agricola completed the conquest in 78. Early Celtic Christian churches and monasteries on Anglesey include Penmon Priory, founded by St. Seiriol in the 6th century. Aberffraw, on the southwest coast, was the capital of the Gwynedd princes from the 7th to the 13th century. Highly exposed to invasion from the sea, the island was attacked by Irish, Saxon , Viking , and Norman venturers. It was finally subdued by the English king Edward I , who built the castle at Beaumaris (begun 1295). Isle of Anglesey county remains predominantly agricultural, but tourism has become important. The main town on Holy Island is Holyhead . Area county, 275 square miles (711 square km). Pop. (2001) county, 66,829; (2011) county, 69,751. Learn More in these related articles:


What was the name of a set of 3 treaties signed between the USA and the Kiowa, Comanche, Plains Apache, Southern Cheyenne and Southern Arapaho between 21 and 28 October 1867, requiring them to relocate to areas in present-day western Oklahoma?

North American Indian Timeline (1492-1999) North American Indian Timeline (1492-1999) 1492 From their nakedness, Columbus inferred the native people to be an inferior race. Columbus wrote of the Indians he encountered, "They all go around as naked as their mothers bore them; and also the women." However, he noted that "they could easily be commanded and made to work, to sow and to do whatever might be needed, to build towns and be taught to wear clothes and adopt our ways." Although Columbus also wrote that "they are the best people in the world and above all the gentlest," his record of the first encounter between Europeans and New World Indians was filled with accounts of enslavement, murder, and rape. 1513 In May, Ponce de Leon encountered Calusa Indians while exploring the Gulf Coast of Florida near Charlotte harbor. In a fight with the Calusa, de Leon captured four warriors. 1524 On July 8, the first kidnapping in America took place. Florentine explorers kidnapped an Indian child to bring to France. 1528 On April 16, the first significant exploration of Florida occurred when Spanish soldier, explorer, and Indian fighter Panfilo de Narvaez saw Indian houses near what is now Tampa Bay. Narvaez claimed Spanish royal title to the land. 1540 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led Mexico's invasion of the north with an expeditionary force of 300 conquistadors and more than one thousand Indian "allies." When they reached Cibola, they found not the promised metropolis but "a little, crowded village, looking as if it had been crumpled all up together." This was the Zuni Pueblo of Hawikuh, whose warriors answered with arrows when Coronado demanded that they swear loyalty to his King. Within an hour, the Spaniards overran the pueblo, and over the next few weeks, they conquered the other Zunis in the region. Coronado moved his camp to the upper Rio Grande, where his soldiers confiscated one pueblo for winter quarters and looted the surrounding pueblos for supplies. During this operation, a Spaniard raped an Indian woman, and when Coronado refused to punish him, the Indians retaliated by stealing horses. Lopez de Cardenas attacked the thieves' pueblo, captured 200 men and methodically burned them all at the stake. 1541 Faced with an incipient uprising, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado ordered an attack on Moho pueblo, a center of Indian resistance. His men were repulsed when they tried to scale the walls, so they settled in for a siege that lasted from January through March. At last, when the Moho tried to slip away, the Spaniards killed more than 200 men, women and children in a massacre that pacified the region. 1542 Under pressure from religious leaders, especially the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, Spanish Emperor Carlos V attempted to impose "New Laws" on the Spanish colonies, ending the encomienda system that gave settlers the right to Indian slave labor. 1546 The "New Laws" barring Indian enslavement were repealed at the insistence of New World colonists, who developed a society and economy dependent on slave labor 1552 Bartolome de Las Casa, the first priest ordained in the Western hemisphere and chief architect of the now-defunct "New Laws" against Indian enslavement, published Brief Relations of the Destruction of the Indies, which provided many gruesome examples of the colonists' treatment of Indians. 1598 On November 15, Don Juan Oñate declared possession of Hopi land (in what is now northern Arizona) in the name of the Spanish crown. Four hundred years later, the Hopi have still never signed any treaty with any non-Indian nation. 1600's Europeans of the time held steadfastly to the belief that their introduced diseases were acts of God being done in their behalf. One settler proclaimed while speaking about the deaths of Native Americans, "Their enterprise failed, for it pleased God to effect these Indians with such a deadly sickness, that out of every 1000, over 950 of them had died, and many of them lay rotting above the ground for lack of burial." 1607 Jamestown is founded in Virginia by the colonists of the Lond


"What was the tagline of the 1973 film ""American Graffiti""?"

American Graffiti (1973) - Taglines - IMDb American Graffiti (1973) Where were you in '62? See also a list of 32 titles created 12 Jun 2013 a list of 49 titles created 19 Oct 2013 a list of 37 titles created 22 Mar 2015 a list of 37 titles created 23 Mar 2015 a list of 26 titles created 04 Aug 2015   IMDb Everywhere Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet!


The main religion in Tibet is a style of what?

Religion in Tibet | Free Tibet Search this site Religion in Tibet In March 2010 the Dalai Lama, spiritual leader of the Tibetan people, accused China of attempting to “deliberately annihilate Buddhism”. In Tibet, many people’s lives are dedicated to Tibetan Buddhism. Religious customs are part of everyday life, from chanting mantras and prostrating in a local square to walking the ‘kora’ around a temple or sacred site. China wishes to control and limit Tibetan Buddhism in order to weaken Tibetan identity and strengthen its control over Tibet. Monks and nuns face restrictions on their practice and China’s military put on shows of force at religious events. Access to important pilgrimage sites is restricted and many sacred lakes and mountains have been dammed and mined without Tibetans' consent. Take Action Tell China we will not accept any Dalai Lama chosen by them, a position to be filled as per the customs of Tibetan Buddhists. The US Commission on International Religious Freedom has stated that the US government must continue to list China as a “country of particular concern” for religious freedom. Army at Saka Dawa, an important religious festival A Tibetan woman prays as a police officer looks on CCTV camera disguised as a Tibetan prayer wheel The Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama The belief in reincarnation and the role of lamas - spiritual teachers - are fundamental aspects of Tibetan Buddhism.  The Dalai Lama is the most senior figure in Tibetan Buddhism and is considered to be the reincarnation of Chenrezig, the Buddha of Compassion. For generations, Dalai Lamas have also been the rulers of Tibet but the current Dalai Lama, the 14th, has given up any political role and is now a purely religious figure. After a failed uprising against Chinese rule in 1959, the current Dalai Lama fled into exile in India followed by tens of thousands of Tibetans. Because of the Dalai Lama’s central place in Tibetan culture and national identity, the Chinese government sees him as an enemy of the state and is trying to break the bonds between him and the Tibetan people. In most areas of Tibet it is illegal to sell or possess images of the Dalai Lama. Another important figure in Tibetan Buddhism is  the Panchen Lama.  Tibetans refer to the Dalai Lama as the sun and the Panchen Lama as the moon. In 1995, the Chinese authorities abducted six-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima just days after he had been identified by the Dalai Lama as the new Panchen Lama. To this day, nothing is known about his and his family’s whereabouts or wellbeing. The Chinese authorities recognised a different Panchen Lama to attempt to strengthen China's control over Tibet; Tibetans refer to him as the 'Panchen Zuma', or 'false Panchen'. Monks protest in Rebkong, 2008, with an image of their exiled spiritual leader Nomad reveals hidden collection of Dalai Lama images (credit: Filming for Tibet, from 2008 film Leaving Fear Behind) Tibetan family openly celebrate 80th birthday of the Dalai Lama in 2015 Monks and nuns Religious leader Khenpo Kartse Prior to China’s invasion, between 10% and 20% of Tibetan men were monks. Under occupation - especially during China's Cultural Revolution in the 1970s - more than 99% of Tibet’s monasteries have been pulled down and the numbers of monks and nuns are strictly controlled. Nunneries and monasteries are kept under the sort of tight surveillance normally reserved for terrorist groups. They are overseen by government-appointed ‘Democratic Management Groups’ and many have police stations situated nearby or even inside. Because of religious restrictions and their status as community leaders, monks and nuns are often at the forefront of protests and resistance to China's rule. As a result, many have been beaten, imprisoned and tortured. Many of Tibet's most significant political prisoners are monks, such as local leader Khenpo Kartse (pictured) and senior monk Tenzin Delek Rinpoche , who died in prison in 2015. Dozens of monks and nuns have set themselves alight in protest against China's suppression of religious freedom and Tibetan cultu


The colours red and blue mixed together makes what other colour?

4 Ways to Mix Colors - wikiHow Mixing Light—Additive Color 1 Take a look at your monitor. Look at the white areas on this page, and get really close. If you have a magnifying glass, the better it becomes. What you see when you get up close and personal with your screen is not white, but red, green and blue dots. Unlike pigments, which work by absorbing color, light is additive, and works by combining light. Movies and display screens, whether they’re your 60-inch plasma television or your 3.5-inch retina display on your iPhone, all work using additive color mixing. 2 Combine light to make secondary colors. Like subtractive color, there are three primary colors, and three secondary colors, made by mixing the primary colors together. The additive light results may surprise you: Mixing red + blue = magenta Advanced Color Theory 1 Become familiar with the subjective nature of color perception. How humans perceive color, and how we define it. While science can define and measure light down to the nanometer, what our eyes perceive is a complex mix of not just the hue, but the saturation and the lightness of the color as well. This is further complicated by how we perceive the same color against different backgrounds Consider this simple example to illustrate color perception: Do you see a bluish-green, a blue, a creamy yellow, a bright yellow, and a bright green? Now look at the actual colors. There are only 3: What we see is about where we see it influencing the actual values. To make things even more interesting, some people’s color perception is so different that we term this as“color blindness,” though it’s simply an imbalance in color perception. 2 Consider hue, saturation, and lightness, the three dimensions of color. Any given color can be said to have three dimensions: hue, saturation, and lightness. Hue refers to a color's position on the color wheel, yellow, orange, red, etc., plus all the intermediate colors such as red-orange and orange-yellow. Some examples: Pink's hue is magenta or red (or something between). Brown's hue is orange, because brown is dark orange. Saturation is what gives you rich, bright colors, like those in the rainbow or on the color wheel. Pale colors (tints), dark colors (shades), and muted colors (tones) are less saturated. Lightness indicates how close a color is to white or black, regardless of the color. If you took a B&W photo of your colors, this tells us which ones would be lighter or darker. For example, bright yellow is a relatively light color. It’s lightness can be increased even more by adding white to make pale yellow. Bright blue is naturally dark, low on the lightness scale, but dark blue is even lower. Method Mixing Paint Colors 1 Follow these guidelines to mix any and every color. Magenta, yellow, and cyan are the “subtractive” primary colors, which means they can be combined to make any other color but cannot themselves be mixed from other colors. Subtractive primaries are used when mixing pigments such as inks, dyes, and paints. Magenta and yellow mixed make reds and oranges. Yellow and cyan mixed make greens. Cyan and magenta mixed make blues and purples. 2 Make bright clean colors. If you arrange your color wheel as a triangle, with yellow, magenta and cyan at the three corners, then to make bright colors, just mix any of the colors on only one side of the triangle. For example, you can mix magenta with orange or yellow to make red, mix red with transparent yellow to make orange, or mix orange with red to make orange-red. There's no need to limit yourself to using only the primaries, and if you want bright colors, you'll find that mixing colors nearer each other on the color wheel will give you better results. This disappointing "purple" was made by mixing red and blue. If you mix colors from two different sides of the triangle, for example blue and red, you will not get a bright color. Blue and red together make a dark dirty purple. 3 Make low saturation colors. Low saturation colors (colors that aren't bright) come in three basic varieties: tints (light colors), shades (


"How many volumes are there in Spike Milligan's autobiography, the last volume of which was entitled ""PeaceWork""?"

Spike Milligan Spike Milligan Person Terence Alan "Spike" Milligan (16 April 1918 – 27 February 2002) was a comedian, writer and actor.  The son of an Irish father and an English mother, his early life was spent in India where he was born. The majority of his working life was spent in the United Kingdom. He disliked his first name and began to call himself "Spike" after hearing a band on Radio Luxembourg called Spike Jones and his City Slickers. Milligan was the co-creator, main writer and a principal cast member of The Goon Show, performing a range of roles including the popular Eccles and Minnie Bannister characters. Milligan wrote and edited many books, including Puckoon and his seven-volume autobiographical account of his time serving during the Second World War, beginning with Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall. He is also noted as a popular writer of comical verse; much of his poetry was written for children, including Silly Verse for Kids (1959). After success with the groundbreaking British radio programme, The Goon Show, Milligan translated this success to television with Q5, a surreal sketch show which is credited as a major influence on the members of Monty Python's Flying Circus. He was the oldest, longest lived and last surviving member of the Goons. Milligan's 1960 application for British citizenship and 1961 application for a British passport were blocked by his refusal to pledge an oath of allegiance to the United Kingdom, his adopted home for most of his adult life. When the Commonwealth Immigrants Act removed Indian-born Milligan's automatic right to British citizenship in 1962, he promptly became an Irish citizen, exercising a right conferred through the automatic retroactive Irish citizenship of his Irish-born father (ironically a British citizen). Spouses: Patricia Ridgeway (1962–78; her death) Shelagh Sinclair (1983–2002; his death) Children: Romany Watt-Milligan Early life Milligan was born in Ahmednagar, India, on 16 April 1918, the son of an Irish father, Captain Leo Alphonso Milligan, MSM,RA (1890–1969), who was serving in the British Indian Army. His mother, Florence Mary Winifred Kettleband (1893–1990), was English. He spent his childhood in Poona (India) and later in Rangoon, capital of British Burma. He was educated at the Convent of Jesus and Mary, Poona, and later at St Paul's High School, Rangoon. On leaving school he played the cornet and discovered jazz. He also joined the Young Communist League in opposition of Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists, who were gaining support near his home in south London. After returning from Burma, Milligan lived most of his life in the United Kingdom apart from overseas service in the British Army in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War. Second World War Men of Spike Milligan's unit, 56th Heavy Regiment, with a BL 9.2-inch howitzer, Hastings, Sussex, May 1940 During most of the late 1930s and early 1940s, Milligan performed as an amateur jazz vocalist and trumpeter before, during and after being called up for military service in the fight against Nazi Germany, but even then he wrote and performed comedy sketches as part of concerts to entertain troops. After his call-up but before being sent abroad, he and fellow musician Harry Edgington (1919–1993) (whose nickname 'Edge-ying-Tong', inspired one of Milligan's most memorable musical creations, the "Ying Tong Song") would compose surreal stories, filled with puns and skewed logic, as a way of staving off the boredom of life in barracks. One biographer describes his early dance band work as follows: "He managed to croon like Bing Crosby and win a competition: he also played drums, guitar and trumpet, in which he was entirely self taught"; he also acquired a double bass, on which he took lessons and would strum in jazz sessions. Milligan had perfect pitch. During the Second World War, Milligan served as a signaller in the 56th Heavy Regiment Royal Artillery, D Battery, as Gunner Milligan, 954024. The unit was equipped with the obsolete First World War era BL 9.2-inch howitzer and based i


Which river flows through the Grand Canyon in Arizona, USA?

Unbound river to surge through Grand Canyon – USATODAY.com Enlarge Close By Mark Henle,, The Arizona Republic Billions of gallons of water will flow through the bypass tubes at Glen Canyon Dam as part of an experimental flood. Sponsored Links The Colorado River , restrained in its flow through the canyon since the 1960s, will be allowed to gush in semi-flood conditions again, beginning next year under an Interior Department plan to protect native fish and naturalize the river. Interior Secretary Ken Salazar said the decision to conduct high-volume releases from Glen Canyon Dam , which has drawn concern from the power industry and Native American tribes, represents "a milestone in the history of the Colorado River" that will enhance conservation and scientific knowledge. Simulated floods in the canyon are planned through 2020. Leslie James, executive director of the Colorado River Energy Distributors Association, a non-profit coalition of electric companies, said she has "serious concerns" about the high-flow protocols: "I think the devil's in the details of how it will be implemented." James said the release of surge water through spillways — bypassing hydroelectric turbines — is expected to cost power companies $8 million to $120 million over the next eight years. She said there is scientific evidence that surges from the dam during spring runoff might produce huge spawns of trout, the primary predator of the native humpback chub. "I think it raises a lot of questions," James said. The first controlled flood could occur next spring. Interior Department protocols call for releases of up to 45,000 cubic feet per second during March-April and October-November, each lasting up to four days. Until the Colorado River was dammed in the 1960s, it flowed through the Southwest, especially during flood seasons, when it carried sediment that formed sandbars and created eddies critical to native fish such as the humpback chub. Completion of Glen Canyon Dam in 1966 allowed regulation of the river's flow for hydroelectric production but eliminated natural beaches and created a haven for predatory species such as rainbow trout. Environmentalists always argued the dam should be opened occasionally to emulate the Colorado River's naturally occurring floods. Power industry officials resisted, saying lost hydroelectricity production would cost consumers millions of dollars. Salazar said his decision was based on results from high-flow tests conducted in 1996, 2004 and 2008. Nikolai Lash, a program director with the Grand Canyon Trust, a conservation organization, said man-made floods may help save a devastated river. "They're especially critical now because the Colorado system is in a severely depleted state," he said. Kurt Dongoske, historic preservation officer for the Pueblo of Zuni, said the tribe will watch closely out of concern that artificial floods may damage religious sites. The National Park Service issued a notice that says river rafters will be advised when high flows are planned. Rafters may travel at double the normal speed, and some camp areas may be inundated. Jonathan Jarvis, director of the National Park Service, said the research will be critical to preserving the Grand Canyon's "awesome resources and visitor experience." Contributing: Wagner also reports for The Arizona Republic For more information about reprints & permissions , visit our FAQ's. To report corrections and clarifications, contact Standards Editor Brent Jones. For publication consideration in the newspaper, send comments to letters@usatoday.com . Include name, phone number, city and state for verification. To view our corrections, go to corrections.usatoday.com . Posted | Updated USA TODAY is now using Facebook Comments on our stories and blog posts to provide an enhanced user experience. To post a comment, log into Facebook and then "Add" your comment. To report spam or abuse, click the "X" in the upper right corner of the comment box. To find out more, read the FAQ and Conversation Guidelines .    Top viewed stories, photo galleries and community


Alaskan King Crab Co. — King Crab 101 Quick facts, terms and interesting tidbits about the Alaskan king crab. Species: Around 40 species of king crab are known and 10 crab species are fished for in Alaska waters. Alaskan king crabs are crustaceans, belonging to the invertebrates group (animals without backbones) and are found in cold waters such as the northern pacific. King crabs are considered direct ancestors of the hermit crab and have a unique abdomen that is shaped like a fan located below the rear section of their shell. The spindly legged crab of the Bering sea are known as snow crab to consumers and available in all-you-can eat seafood restaurants. Types of King Crab: Three types of Alaskan king crab exist: red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus), blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) and golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus). The golden king crab is the smallest of the three, typically with an average weight of 5-8 pounds from tip to tip. Red king crabs are considered the most popular and prized king crab for consumption around the world. The largest of king crab can grow a leg span of 6 feet across and weigh over 20 pounds. Many king crabs nearing 20 pounds were caught in the early 80's prior to the crash of the Bristol Bay fishery. King crab are also referred to as groundfish due to the obvious fact that they use the ocean floor as their habitat. Red King Crab: Golden or Brown King Crab:   King Crab Color, Size and Counts: Alaskan king crab is identified by their exterior color. Red king crab has a dark reddish brown shell, blue king crab has a blue tone shell and golden king crab has a dark brown shell. Blue king crab legs are slender and more oval shaped compared to red king crab legs. King crab is measured by the number of king crab legs it takes to reach 10 lbs of crab meat. A size of 6-9 would translate into 6-9 crab legs add up to 10 pounds. Only king crab legs make up the count as claws are excluded. Red King Crab (Note: Bright Red shell) Blue King Crab (Note: Orange-Redish shell) The average weight is 6 to 10 pounds, but king crab can grow to more than 20 pounds. Unlike other crabs, king crabs have only six legs versus eight legs, and two claws. The body or carapace section of king crabs is typically sent to canners while the legs are separated and served individually. King Crab Anatomy: The anatomy of King crab consists of shoulders, merus, legs, claws, joints, tips, spines and a carapace. King crabs must "molt" their shell in order to increase in size. Juvenile king crabs molt frequently the first years of life and mold less when they reach 4-5 years of age. Source: This is a similar image to one originally created by FishEx.com Taste: The most preferred meat is in the legs. Most king crab enthusiasts state that the best section of a king crab is the merus section. Compared to other crab, the king crab claws are not as notorious as the legs. Red king crab is regarded as the premium of king crab because its meat is moist and sweet. Meat Defects: Bluish meat indicates that the crab was under-cooked or wasn't cleaned appropriately. Excessive saltiness is a sign that the cooked crab wasn’t chilled properly prior to brine freezing. Packaging from Alaska: King crab legs are cleaned by fishermen or a processor and two legs are defined as a section. Legs and claws are packed in 20 pound boxes. Life span: King crab can live from 10 to 20 years. How is King Crab caught? Steel square frame pots with wire mesh are used to catch king crab. Pots range in weight from 700-800 pounds and the larger fishing boats of 100 feet or more average around 250 pots. The typical bait used is herring or codfish, ironically two predators of king crab, pots are dropped to the bottom of the sea floor using powerful hydraulic systems. The location of pots are marked above water with the use of buoys and are raised back to surface after 1-2 days in the sea. After a pot is brought back to the boat, it is unloaded to a general sorting area where deckhands sort king crab to determine crabs those within regulation. Cut bait of her


"What 2009 science fiction disaster film starring John Cusack, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Amanda Peet, Oliver Platt, Danny Glover, Thandie Newton, and Woody Harrelson references Mayanism and the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, depicting a series of ""Doomsday"" scenarios that plunge the world into chaos?"

That powerful Movie review skip to main | skip to sidebar That powerful Movie review The great movies that you may have been sleeping on. After my review you can run and rent them. Monday, January 11, 2010 The Hangover *Review* These guys are going for bachelor get away in Vegas. "Old School" director Todd Phillips comes a comedy about a bachelor party gone very, very wrong. Two days before his wedding, Doug (JUSTIN BARTHA) drives to Las Vegas with his best buddies Phil and Stu (BRADLEY COOPER and ED HELMS) and his future brother-in-law Alan (ZACH GALIFIANAKIS), for a blow-out bachelor party they vow they'll never forget. But when the three groomsmen wake up the next morning with pounding headaches, they can't remember a thing. Their luxury hotel suite is beyond trashed and the groom is nowhere to be found. With no clue about what happened and little time to spare, the trio must attempt to retrace their bad decisions from the night before in order to figure out where things went wrong in the hopes of finding Doug and getting him back to L.A. in time for his wedding. But the more they begin to uncover, the more they realize just how much trouble they're really in. I found myself laughing over and over again as I watched this movie. This is a classic waiting to happen. Feeling gloomy, after you watch this you will feel better. Three (3)*** stars. To see more of what’s on your mind click here Posted by Jett at Star Trek *Review* “Star Trek” as done it again with a captivating script that keeps you glued to your seat, waiting to see whats going to happen next! The 2009 “Star Trek” film goes back eagerly to where “Star Trek” began, using time travel to explain a cast of mostly the same characters, only at a younger point in their lives, sailing the Starship Enterprise. As a story idea, this is sort of brilliant and saves on invention, because young Kirk, Spock, McCoy, Uhura, Scotty and the rest channel their later selves. The child is father to the man, or the Vulcan, and all that. The evolution of Star Trek to the Next Generation and Deep Space Nine kept me watching. Although this movie took an old concept and showed how the friends became friends. This is one of the best Star Trek movies thus far. I give the movie four (4) **** stars. It is worth watching over and over again. To see more of what’s on your mind click here Posted by Jett at The Movie 'Fighting' *Review* Fighting is a rough-hewn heroic tale about realizing dreams of glory, putting audiences ringside at high-stakes underground street fights. Tatum stars as Sean Arthur, a young man who scrapes up a living hustling counterfeit merchandise in NYC. With family tragedy in his past and his father keeping him at a distance, this outsider has little to motivate him. A chance encounter with veteran street-fighting coach Harvey Boarden (Howard) leads to a whole new career for Sean. The ensuing bouts get tough, especially with the criminal element horning in, so Sean gets tougher. He will fight to win, not only the prize money but also the unexpected new relationships that are strengthening him. Fighting is a poor excuse of a action movie, the acting is sorry and no matter how hard that you try to get into the movie the horribly written story line will leave you hangingt. This dry and dull drama offers little in the way of excitement or interesting moments. Tatum, fight scenes where pathetic, I kept wondering who would pay this guy $5,000 dollars to fight? I know that he's was capable of a strong performances, but he just mumbled his was through the role.and It was clear that his tough guy demeanor and pretty face was not enough to save this movie. Terrence Avatar *Movie Review* Oscar Worthy Avatar is a 2009 American science fiction film written and directed by James Cameron , and starring Sam Worthington , Zoe Saldaña , Sigourney Weaver , Michelle Rodriguez and Stephen Lang . The epic is set in the year 2154 on Pandora, a fictional world in a distant planetary system . Humans are engaged in mining Pandora's reserves of a precious mineral , while the Na'vi —a race of i


What was the subject of the referendum held in Australia 1999?

Referendums in Australia - When Leadership Fails A History of Referendums in Australia Australia's politicians have always struggled to get their ideas accepted by the Australian people when they have been put to a vote in a referendum. Of the 44 referendums that have been held, only 8 have been carried. The failure can be partly attributed to the adversarial nature of the Australian political system which produces great critics, but poor salesman. In the bull pit of question time, politicians are trained in the art of the acid tongue. While such a political system is great for finding flaws in ideas or belittling dissent, it doesn't produce leaders capable of inspiring others. A second reason for the failure is that many of the referendums have been designed to increase government power to control the lives of Australians in the name of "freedom". Ever since the bush was championed as an escape from the restrictive nature of British laws, many Australians have been suspicious of government attempts to control them and have voted accordingly in referendums. A third reason is that leadership of social change tends to be easiest when the target audience shares a social identity. Leaders just need to redefine the stereotype of the social identity with the desired in a way that encourages individuals to assimilate the social stereotype. In Australia; however, there has never been a strong national stereotype that the majority of Australians have identified with, and this has in turn made it hard for a leader to manipulate the stereotype. In the words of Donald Horne: "Australia         needs sudden shocks of reorientation within its society that will divorce it from         the largely irrelevant problems of the British, make it possible to speed necessary         changes and to develop some new sense of identity, some public feeling of being         a people who can be described - even if incorrectly - as such-and-such a kind         of nation, and act at times as if it were so. Australians are anonymous, featureless,         nothing-men. This modest anonymity reveals itself in the argument that Australia         does not run to the kind of person we could turn into a president."   The Republic Referendum – 1999 In the 90s, an Australian republic seemed like an idea whose time had come. Polls showed that 90 per cent of Australians were in favour of a republic. Both sides of parliament supported a republic. A host of Australian celebrities proudly voiced their support for a republic and the only national newspaper, The Australian, unashamedly stated its support for a republic. In addition to the broad public support, there were numerous issues that allowed republican sentiment to be framed into current issues of the day. The upcoming Sydney Olympics were a stage for Australia to show its maturity to the world, and to have the games opened by the Queen of England seemed a little childish. Likewise, the upcoming Century of Federation celebrations allowed the republic to be portrayed as a constitutional step forward, as Federation was a century earlier. Even the upcoming mellenium celebrations seemed to be giving a sense that some kind of change should be happening. The one sticking point was the republic model. Polls showed that 80 per cent of voters wanted the president to be directly elected by the people. Unfortunately, most politicians wanted the president to be appointed by a two-thirds majority of parliament. Politicians argued that a direct-election model would lead to a "populist" president. In other words, politicians were concerned about having less ability to control the population if power was diversified. They didn't want to be chained to the democratic process. Roughly 55 per cent of the nation voted no and all states voted no. Rural areas were strongholds for the no vote, as were Labor seats in working-class suburbs. Wealthy city electorates mostly voted yes   Look at the advertisment for voting yes in 1999 to become a republic ï¿½ What re


"A 1986 film starring Richard E. Grant and Paul McGann, described as ""one of Britain's biggest cult films"", is what "" ... and I""?"

WITHNAIL AND I : definition of WITHNAIL AND I and synonyms of WITHNAIL AND I (English) Box office $1,544,889 Withnail and I is a 1987 black comedy film produced by HandMade Films . It was written and directed by Bruce Robinson and is based on his life in London in the late 1960s. The main plot follows two unemployed young actors, Withnail and “I” (portrayed by Richard E. Grant and Paul McGann ) who live in a squalid flat in Camden Town in 1969 while waiting for their careers to take off. Needing a holiday, they obtain the key to the country cottage in the Lake District belonging to Withnail’s flamboyantly gay uncle Monty and drive there. The holiday is less ‘recuperative’ than they expected. The role of Withnail was Grant's first film and launched him into a successful career. The film also featured performances by Richard Griffiths as Withnail's Uncle Monty and Ralph Brown as Danny the drug dealer. The film has tragic and comic elements (particularly farce ) and is notable for its period music and many quotable lines. It has been described as "one of Britain's biggest cult films". [2] Contents 11 External links   Plot The film depicts the lives and misadventures of two "resting" (struggling and unemployed) young actor friends in 1969 London. They are the flamboyant alcoholic Withnail and "I" (named "Marwood" in the published screenplay but not in the credits) as his more level-headed, anxiety -prone friend and the film's narrator. Withnail is filled with indignation over life's injustices, despite his privileged background. He rages against the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune all the more because he blames others for the adverse consequences of his exuberant arrogance and habitual lying. Withnail sets the tone for the friendship, with Marwood going along with whatever Withnail wants to do. They live in a filthy Georgian flat in Camden Town . While they wait for a part, daily life revolves around getting coins to use in the meters that provide gas or electricity, going to collect benefits, and waiting for the pubs to open so they can drink and be somewhere with heating. The film begins with Marwood smoking in the darkened flat. When he has finished he goes to a café and reads disturbing articles in a newspaper. Needing a change of scene, Withnail and Marwood decide to take a recuperative holiday in the countryside. Withnail secures the loan of the country cottage belonging to his eccentric, gay uncle, Monty. Monty is an old boy of Harrow School , and it is suggested that Withnail is one too. Monty is told that Marwood went to " the other place ". Monty is an aesthete, nostalgic for a by-gone age of beauty and poetic friendship among young men, and, fancying himself an actor, is fond of quoting Charles Baudelaire and reciting passages from Hamlet . His only companion in the large luxurious Chelsea house in which he resides is a pet cat with which he is seen constantly arguing. Withnail and Marwood get into Marwood's battered Jaguar Mark 2 , which is parked next to a scene of demolition of some old houses (significant for the time period) and set off north along the motorway. The holiday doesn't quite go according to plan: although the countryside is beautiful, the weather is cold and often inclement, the cottage is run-down and dusty, they have little food or supplies and the locals are surly and unwelcoming – in particular a threatening poacher, Jake, whom Withnail offends. Then an intruder breaks into the cottage in the middle of the night. Withnail and Marwood are terrified, believing that the intruder is Jake. Comically, the intruder turns out to be Monty, who has been stranded for "an aeon " with a punctured tyre. They greet Monty with mixed emotions. Monty brings them ample supplies of food and wine, but it soon becomes clear that – having been falsely told by Withnail that Marwood is gay – he has designs on Marwood and will not be deterred by politeness. In a farcical scene of bedroom-switching, Monty eventually corners Marwood, bursting into his room and proclaiming his desire to "have [him] even if it mus


What field of work is Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) best known for?

Alessandro Volta | Italian scientist | Britannica.com Italian scientist Alternative Title: Conte Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta Alessandro Volta Conte Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta born Alessandro Volta, in full Conte Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (born February 18, 1745, Como , Lombardy [Italy]—died March 5, 1827, Como), Italian physicist whose invention of the electric battery provided the first source of continuous current . Alessandro Volta with two of his inventions: the electric battery (left) and the electrophorus. © Photos.com/Thinkstock Volta became professor of physics at the Royal School of Como in 1774. In 1775 his interest in electricity led him to improve the electrophorus, a device used to generate static electricity. He discovered and isolated methane gas in 1776. Three years later he was appointed to the chair of physics at the University of Pavia. In 1791 Volta’s friend Luigi Galvani announced that the contact of two different metals with the muscle of a frog resulted in the generation of an electric current. Galvani interpreted that as a new form of electricity found in living tissue, which he called “animal electricity.” Volta felt that the frog merely conducted a current that flowed between the two metals, which he called “metallic electricity.” He began experimenting in 1792 with metals alone. (He would detect the weak flow of electricity between disks of different metals by placing them on his tongue.) Volta found that animal tissue was not needed to produce a current. That provoked much controversy between the animal-electricity adherents and the metallic-electricity advocates, but, with his announcement of the first electric battery in 1800, victory was assured for Volta. Known as the voltaic pile or the voltaic column, Volta’s battery consisted of alternating disks of zinc and silver (or copper and pewter ) separated by paper or cloth soaked either in salt water or sodium hydroxide. A simple and reliable source of electric current that did not need to be recharged like the Leyden jar , his invention quickly led to a new wave of electrical experiments. Within six weeks of Volta’s announcement, English scientists William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle used a voltaic pile to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen , thus discovering electrolysis (how an electric current leads to a chemical reaction ) and creating the field of electrochemistry . Illustration from On the Electricity Excited by the Mere Contact of Conducting … © Photos.com/Thinkstock In 1801 in Paris Volta gave a demonstration of his battery’s generation of electric current before Napoleon , who made Volta a count and a senator of the kingdom of Lombardy . Austrian Emperor Francis I made him director of the philosophical faculty at the University of Padua in 1815. The volt , a unit of the electromotive force that drives current, was named in his honour in 1881. Learn More in these related articles:


On a rifle shooting target, what is the name of the ring between the inner and the outer?

Shooting Sports USA | A Short History of American Target Development and Evolution A Short History of American Target Development and Evolution by Hap Rocketto - Sunday, July 5, 2015 SUBSCRIBE Cast iron targets were the norm in competitive shooting, prior to the advent of paper targets. The first competitive shooting target in the United States was little more than a black circle drawn on a blazed tree trunk with a piece of charcoal pulled from a campfire. Frontiersmen would pace off a distance, perhaps eight, nine, or ten rods, shoot three or five shots at the mark, insert pegs into the holes, and stretch a string around them. In the end, the rifleman with the shortest string was the winner. With the formation of the National Rifle Association of America in 1871, long range target shooting changed remarkably. Riflemen would assemble at the NRA Range at Creedmoor, Long Island, and launch massive .45-caliber 530 grain soft lead bullets, propelled by 90 grains of black powder at a stately 1400 feet per second, towards iron plates arranged at up to 1000 yards. Even before the smoke cleared, the clanging of the lead slug against the metal target gave a satisfying feeling to competitors on the firing line waiting for the target marker to signal the location and value of the shot. At 200 and 300 yards they shot at the "third class" target, a six-foot by four-foot cast iron slab with an eight-inch black bullseye worth five points, four points were earned by hitting the 26-inch "center" ring. A hit inside a 46-inch circle was an "inner" or "magpie", worth three points, while any shot outside of the rings, but still on the target face, was worth two points and called an "outer." The “pits” were dug in front of the target. For 25¢ a session, young men would mark the shot location and value with a paddle and then, with a brush attached to a long stick, dab a little paint over the pockmark to offer a clean target for the marksman's next shot. The "second class" target was used at 400 to 600 yards. Painted on a six-foot by six-foot plate was a 22-inch bullseye which was surrounded by a 38-inch "center", a 54-inch "inner" and, a 70-inch "outer." Anything outside of the rings was a miss. Beyond 600 yards, they aimed at a "first class" target; a six-foot tall 12-foot wide rectangle of cast iron. The 36-inch bullseye was surrounded by a 54-inch concentric "center" circle. A six-foot square surrounded the circles and formed the "inner". The "outer" was a three-foot by six-foot wing on each end. A deep pit, from which comes our modern term for the area where targets are serviced, was dug in front of the target. In it crouched, according to A.H. Gildersleeve, one of the Gilded Age's prominent long range shots and an NRA President—an "intelligent country boy" working as a target marker. For as much as 25¢ a session, a princely sum at the time, the lad would mark the shot location and value with a paddle and then, with a brush attached to a long stick, dab a little paint over the pockmark to offer a clean target for the marksman's next shot. A simple code that was used for scoring consisted of colored discs that communicated a shot’s value. From Iron to Paper With the introduction of printed paper targets, the iron target faded away and the more familiar window sash target frame became popular for its practicality and economy. The Sliding, or Brinton Target, so called because it was first employed on the Brinton Rifle Range, near Elizabeth, NJ, is a familiar piece of range equipment, virtually unchanged for six generations, to military and civilian riflemen alike. As late as World War II, U.S. Cavalry troopers were required to shoot dismounted, single handed, at 15 and 20 yards on the Army Target "L". After they qualified on foot, they would then repeat the course of fire, this time astride a horse at the gallop. Paper targets were fixed to a heavy muslin, called target cloth, using wheat paste. Pasters, named for the glue used to apply them, were patches of black or buff colored paper used to cover shot holes. Later some unknown innovator de


In 1284, Prince Edward (later King Edward II of England), the first son born to Edward I of England, was the first English-born what?

Edward (Plantagenet) of England (1284-1327) | WikiTree: The FREE Family Tree 2.2 Footnotes Edward II of England Edward II (25 Apr 1284 – 21 Sep 1327), [1] was deposed by wife Isabella in January 1327. Between the reigns of Edward I and III, some consider his disastrous for incompetence, squabbling and military defeats. Edward fathered at least five children by two women, but was a rumored bisexual. His grandiose favors to unpopular male favorites (first Piers Gaveston, and later Hugh Despenser) led to constant political unrest, and his deposition. Edward I pacified Gwynedd and some other parts of Wales and the Scottish lowlands, but never exerted a comprehensive conquest. However, the army of Edward II was defeated at Bannockburn, allowing Scottish forces to raid north England. Edward II was probably murdered at Berkeley Castle. He's also the first monarch to establish colleges at Oxford and Cambridge: Oriel College at Oxford and King's Hall, a predecessor of Trinity College, at Cambridge. Prince of Wales The fourth son and eleventh child of Edward I by his first wife Eleanor of Castile, Edward II was born at Caernarfon Castle. He was the first English prince to hold the title Prince of Wales, which was formalized by the Parliament of Lincoln of 7 February 1301. The story that his father presented Edward II as a newborn to the Welsh as their future native prince did not appear until the 16th century. The Welsh purportedly asked the king to give them a prince who spoke Welsh, and, the story goes, he answered he would give them a prince who spoke no English at all. This was no great concession as the Plantagenets spoke Norman French rather than English. Edward became heir apparent following the death Alphonso. While trained in warfare and statecraft in childhood, Edward preferred boating and craftwork -- activities considered beneath kings at the time. The prince took part in several Scots campaigns but, "his father's efforts could not prevent his ... extravagance and frivolity". The king attributed this to Edward's attachment to Piers Gaveston, a Gascon knight he chose in 1298 to befriend his son due to his wit, courtesy and abilities. Prince Edward attempted to give Gaveston a title reserved for royalty, so Edward I exiled the knight from court. Edward I knighted his son in a major ceremony in 1306 called the Feast of the Swans whereby all present swore to continue the war in Scotland. King of England Edward I died 7 July 1307 en route to a campaign against the Scots. His son was as physically impressive, but lacked his drive and ambition. It was written that Edward II was "the first king after the Conquest who was not a man of business". His main interest was in entertainment, though he also took pleasure in athletics and mechanical crafts. He had been so dominated by his father that he had little confidence in himself, and was often in the hands of a court favorite with a stronger will than his own. On 25 January 1308, Edward married Isabella of France, [2] to bolster a French alliance. On 25 February, they were crowned in Westminster Abbey, but the marriage was doomed from the start. Isabella neglected by her husband, who spent time conspiring with favorites to limit powers of the Peers to consolidate his father's legacy for himself. Death and burial of Edward II Isabella and Mortimer dared not leave the deposed king with political enemies. On 3 April, Edward II was removed from Kenilworth and put in the custody of Mortimer's subordinates, then imprisoned at Berkeley Castle. On 23 September 1327 Edward III was told his father died 21 September 1327. Most sources agree that Edward died on that date at Berkeley Castle, but one chronicle states he died at Corfe Castle. [3] Causes of death vary, but a number of chroniclers give none. Some state he was suffocated, or strangled, and a few say he was suffocated then killed by insertion of red hot poker into his anus. This last explanation may be a later addition to lower Edward's reputation. (Royal Tombs of Medieval England) Edward died at Berkeley on 21 September (132


What Is Inside a Golf Ball? | GolfLink.com What Is Inside a Golf Ball? What Is Inside a Golf Ball? SHARES By Jessica Mousseau Golf balls have not changed much on the outside over the years. However, what's inside has changed drastically over the course of golf's history and continues to evolve today. The center of a golf ball can have a significant impact on how far the ball will travel when hit and how much control the golfer has over the trajectory of the ball. Wound vs. Solid Core Golf Balls Today there are many types of golf balls on the market. Pretty much all golf balls fall into one of two categories: - Wound balls have a rubber or sometimes liquid core surrounded by strips of rubber that look something like a rubber band. This is encased with the classic hard dimpled shell. - Non-wound balls have a similar design but feature a solid core. Myths About Poisonous or Explosive Golf Balls The most popular myth about golf balls is that the center is either poisonous or explosive. Generations of children have been fascinated by the thought that the inside of a golf ball was filled with a poison gas or potentially explosive material. Fortunately, this is nothing but an urban legend. In 1898, B.F Goodrich produced golf balls with a compressed air core that had the unfortunate habit of exploding from time to time. This may be the origin of the current myth. Solid Core Golf Balls Preferred Wound balls used to be the choice of professional golfers because they were easier to control, even if they did not travel as far. New technology has rendered them almost obsolete because solid core, non-wound balls now have softer covers so they are easier to control, and the solid core makes them travel farther. Distance Advantage Brings Control Problems The popularity of one golf ball versus another is usually based how far the ball travels. Golf balls with solid cores tend to travel farther, making them more popular balls for golfers. The downside to a super distance golf ball is the danger of errant golf balls. People have been injured and property damaged when golfers lose control over the golf balls as they travel over great distances. The United States Golf Association has actually been trying to reign in golf balls in recent years. They have asked manufacturers to submit prototype balls that travel shorter distances. Evolution of Golf Balls The outside of today's golf balls looks very similar to the golf balls of long ago. Inside though, they are very different. - During the early 1700s, golf balls were stuffed with boiled goose feathers. - In the late 1800s brought the occasionally exploding golf ball. Today's golf balls are more a marriage of function and science than function and tradition. They tend to be multi-layer balls with pressurized urethane cores. Video of the Day


Australian Joan Sutherland is connected with what activity?

Joan Sutherland - Biography Joan Sutherland Press Hardly any other singer of our time has had such an uninterrupted and brilliant career as the Australian soprano, Joan Sutherland. Already described as `La Stupenda', the `Koloraturwunder' or `The Incomparable', she can look back on a career stretching over more than forty years which was soundly based and intelligently developed; but despite her international renown, despite the many honours she has received all over the world (in 1979 Queen Elizabeth II conferred on her the title of Dame of the British Empire) the artist has remained a completely natural human being. Sutherland has been on the stage since 1947. In Sydney she sang the title role in Purcell's Dido and Aeneas, followed by performances in Handel's Samson and as Judith in Eugene Goossens' opera of that name. Her European career began in London in 1952 (including the part of Giorgetta in Puccini's Il tabarro at the Royal College of Music) and in the same year she also made her debut at the Royal Opera House Covent Garden as the First Lady in The Magic Flute. Before appearing in front of highly critical London audiences in a leading role, as Amelia in Un ballo in maschera, she sang the parts of the Priestess in Aida and Clotilde with Callas in Norma. Even at this early stage this exceptionally gifted soprano demonstrated her range as the Countess in Figaro, but she had to wait another year for her next leading role, during which time she sang the Overseer in Elektra, Lady Rich in Britten's Gloriana, Frasquita in Carmen and Helmwige in Die Walk�re at Covent Garden and with the company on tour. Her most important parts in 1954 were Aida and Agathe, in addition to which she was still performing smaller roles such as Woglinde and the Wood Bird. Surprisingly this soprano who has for so long tended towards coloratura, originally appeared in Tales of Hoffmann, not as Olympia, but as Antonia and Giulietta; it was fifteen years later (in Seattle in 1970) that she sang all four female parts in Offenbach's opera -- an achievement captured by DECCA in a complete recording made in the following year. Mica�la, Pamina, Eva in Meistersinger, Alcina, Gilda, Desdemona, Jennifer in the premiere of Tippett's Midsummer Marriage, and Madame Lidoine in Poulenc's Dialogues of the Carmelites were further London landmarks, together with Madame Herz in 1957 in Mozart's Schauspieldirektor at the Glyndebourne Festival. The year 1958 saw her first important appearances outside Great Britain. For instance in Vancouver she sang Donna Anna in G�nther Rennert's production of Don Giovanni. The decisive turning point in her career came in February 1959, when she performed Lucia di Lammermoor in London in Franco Zeffirelli's production, conducted by Tullio Serafin; she became a star overnight. No other singer has kept this exceptionally demanding part in her repertoire for thirty years; she was still to be heard as Lucia in Barcelona in 1988. In 1959 the producers at DECCA became aware of the new vocal miracle and entered into an exclusive contract with Joan Sutherland. Since that time her regular recordings have captured all the important stages of her career, beginning with the double album The Art of the Prima Donna containing representative roles from the Italian dramatic coloratura repertoire. Handel's Rodelinda, Violetta, Elvira in I puritani and Amina in La sonnambula followed. The Australian was acquiring an increasing international reputation, since sopranos in the tradition of Malibran, Grisi and other great primadonnas of the 19th century were becoming ever rarer. In view of the great potential of Sutherland's voice it was only a matter of time before she made her debut at La Scala Milan. In 1961 she appeared there in the title role in Bellini's Beatrice di Tenda; a year later she sang, with sensational success, Marguerite de Valois in Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots (with Franco Corelli, Giulietta Simionato, Nicolai Ghiaurov and Fiorenza Cossotto) and as Rossini's Semiramide. In 1962 she was a highly praised Queen of the Night in a producti


"Who had her first major movie role in ""Crossroads"" (2002), a comedy-drama film that also starred Dan Aykroyd and Kim Cattrall?"

Crossroads (2002) directed by Tamra Davis • Reviews, film + cast • Letterboxd It's not a music video, not yet a movie. With this paraphrased credo of the Britney Spears-starring seminal classic Crossroads I welcome you to my review: * First of all, make no mistake, this was boring as shit. I had hoped that I'd be bad in an entertaining way, but these hopes crashed and died a fiery death soon. How many serious dialogue montages © can one put in this sort of movie? Hint: The answer is way too many. * Britney plays a valedictorian in this movie. I shit you not. The film opens with Britney being nervous about her great graduation speech. Because the movie apparently couldn't afford more than 5 extras, we cut to: Right after the… 3 "To learn who rules over you, simply find out who you are not allowed to criticize." - Voltaire I have nothing against Britney Spears. In the cultural void of the early 2000s, Spears, though evidently the product of careful marketing schemes, was an alluring, enjoyable diversion from the horrors of 9/11 and the Iraq War. Spears was (and still is) an entertainer, and not an artist - and that's hardly a disparagement. Now it's been rashly and bitterly said of me (on Letterboxd, no less) that I am a "misogynist" because I disagree on the worth and purpose of Britney's only cinematic outing. That is entirely unreasonable. To describe it in sociopolitical terms, I believe this to be the natural,… 7 So... you know that theory about how high school never really ends? Some people have a great take on life: just get through the hell of your teen angst. Graduate and get a million miles away from all the people in high school who made life for you a cartoonishly simple game of Good People vs. Bad People and then you will forget them and they will forget you and you will all grow into real adults and all of the terrible social patterns which played out there like a creepy soap operatic circus of fate won't follow you anywhere and you'll forget everything bad that ever happened to you (because... uh... bigger problems?) and you will never run into… Review by Ewan ★★★ It's probably different to watch a screening of this in a central London cinema followed by a Q&A with the director, but I find it difficult to say anything too harsh about what is evidently an earnest attempt to move Britney out of a certain (virginal) stereotype, while also making a film far more concerned with women's friendship over time. Some of the plot points are a little leaden, along with some overburdened symbolism (waves crashing to indicate female sexuality comes to mind), but the film cannot help but exceed all these quotidian referents, by which I mean (and I'm no theorist) that it's not just a film with actors playing characters following a narrative. No, by virtue of its…


What dish would you expect if you asked for Fettuccine in an Italian restaurant?

Pasta Recipes From Real Restaurant Recipes Are Favorite Restaurant Recipes Many Choices and So Versatile! Each Is A Favorite Restaurant Recipe Pasta is an item that has taken over major portions of many American restaurant menus. Choices and versatility are understatements when talking pasta. There are so many kinds, shapes and flavors, each having its special uses and recipes. You can eat it hot or cold. It is used as an entrée, a salad and a side dish. Red sauces, white sauces, olive oil ...just merging the “right” sauce with the right "noodle" becomes boggling for our “noodles.” :-) Don’t worry.  Find quality recipes and it’s a little like “painting by the numbers.” The right recipes are on this website. You can cook with confidence and style. How do you know a recipe is really good? Of course you try it. But wouldn’t you like to give yourself “an edge?” These restaurant recipes have been tested (tasted), approved and requested by real restaurant customers over the past three decades! Each is a favorite restaurant recipe. Restaurant Pasta Recipes Champagne Shrimp Angel Hair  with a champagne-cream sauce, this makes for a great romantic dinner anytime of the year. Preparation time: 20 minutes. Serves 2 Chicken Fettuccine Ricardo Recipe.  This favorite restaurant recipe uses fettuccine sautéed with a breast of chicken, mushrooms, zucchini, and some herbs and spices in my garlic cream sauce (Alfredo Sauce ...listed as part of this recipe). Preparation time: about 30 minutes. Recipe is for 2 servings Linguine Pesto Recipe.  It’s true! If you master this restaurant sauce recipe for classic Alfredo Sauce, you’ll be able to cook literally dozens and dozens of other great tasting recipes with little or no difficulty. Preparation time: about 45 minutes. Number of servings: one quart, about 10 servings. Serve this dish with garlic bread and a glass of fine  Merlot . Preparation time: 30 minutes. Serves 4 Fettuccine Alfredo.  It’s true! If you master this restaurant sauce recipe for classic Alfredo Sauce, you’ll be able to cook literally dozens and dozens of other great tasting recipes with little or no difficulty. Preparation time: about 45 minutes. Number of servings: one quart, about 10 servings. Fettuccine with Scallops and Asparagus . This restaurant recipe uses the classic Alfredo sauce with scallops and asparagus. Don’t like scallops? No problem. You can use any seafood item in place of the scallops. Preparation time: 20 minutes. Serves 6. Scallops and Linguine . This Sea Scallop Pasta Recipe calls for linguine, but you can substitute fettuccine or other long, narrow pastas. Preparation time: 20 minutes. Serves 4. Chicken Pesto Fettuccine With Sun-Dried Tomatoes . This Chicken Pesto recipe is a favorite restaurant recipe for both chicken and pasta lovers. The addition of sun-dried tomatoes is one of the ingredients that make this a secret restaurant recipe. Preparation time: 20 minutes. Serves 2. Shrimp Fettuccine . This recipe for shrimp fettuccine was submitted by a reader of the website. I put the shrimp fettuccine recipe to the ultimate test (served it to my guests). The recipe calls for skim milk and part-skim Ricotta cheese to help reduce the calories in the meal. Preparation time: 15 minutes. Serves 4. Seafood Fettuccine Recipe ! YOU FOUND IT! This Seafood Fettuccine IS a signature item for the restaurant. I can’t even begin to tell you how many times I have been asked for this restaurant recipe. Once you try it, you’ll understand. This secret restaurant recipe is secret no longer. Preparation time: about 20 minutes. Serves 2 Italian Sausage Lasagna . Lasagna speaks to the tradition of sharing a meal. Preparation time: 45 minutes plus baking time is 65 minutes with a standing time of 10 minutes. Serves 8. Penne’ & Smoked Salmon with Asparagus Salad .  Preparation time: 45 minutes, but the salad should be chilled for at least one hour when finished.  This restaurant recipe serves 6-8 people depending on portion desired. ENJOY! Vegetarian Fettuccine or Linguine Recipe . Lots of yummy vegetables sautéed in olive oil w


"""The Grand Old Duke Of York"" was whose son?"

The True Stories Behind Favourite Nursery Rhymes | The Huffington Post The True Stories Behind Favourite Nursery Rhymes 05/10/2012 09:52 | Updated 22 May 2015 James Moore Parentdish UK Alamy You knew them off by heart as a child and now you're a parent you can probably recite the words in your sleep. Mums and dads have sung nursery rhymes to their kids for centuries. But have you ever wondered who the Grand Old Duke of York really was? Did you realise that Mary really did take a lamb to school? Here, our guide reveals the fascinating origins of some of the best known ditties... Sing a Song of Sixpence Believed to have been referenced in Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night. Putting birds in a pie, was a real form of entertainment at grand meals during the 16th century. Another theory suggests that the rhyme is about the dissolution of the monasteries by King Henry VIII with the blackbirds as the monks, his first wife Catherine of Aragon as the 'queen' in the parlour and Anne Boleyn the 'maid' in the garden. Ring a Ring o' Roses Opinion is divided on whether this rhyme is really about the Black Death which swept through Europe in the 14th century killing 25million people. The explanation didn't appear until the 1950s. But many maintain that the playground favourite refers to the symptoms of the bubonic plague – the ring being the ring of sores suffered by victims before they sneeze and fall down dead! Mary Had A Little Lamb Dates back to 1830 and an American poem by Sarah Josepha Hale which is said to have been inspired by a real event when a girl called Mary Sawyer, living in Sterling, Massachusetts, caused commotion by taking her pet sheep to school. The Grand Old Duke of York One version of the song dates back to 1642, but in this the culprit is the King of France. There are several candidates for the later version featuring the Duke of York. The most likely is Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. He was the second son of George III who led a disastrous campaign in Flanders, following the French Revolution. Georgie Porgie Mad King George III's first son was also the subject of a rhyme. As Prince Regent and then George IV he was famous for his womanising and often lampooned in satirical cartoons of the time. He was also famous for his enormous appetite and, when he died, he had a waist measuring 50 inches. Pop Goes the Weasel Goes back to the 1850s with some suggesting that 'pop goes the weasel' was a reference to pawning goods. The Eagle in the rhyme was a real pub, which still exists, just off the City Road in London. It was then a music hall. Little Miss Muffet First seen in print in 1805 but thought to date back to Dr Thomas Muffet, known to have studied spiders in the 16th century. It's suggested that he wrote it about his stepdaughter Patience. Baa, Baa, Black Sheep The rhyme dates back to at least the 1731 and is most likely to refer to the wool tax imposed in the 13th century. In this theory the master is the king, the dame is the monasteries of the time who each had a claim on the proceeds. Ride A Cock Horse...the Banbury Cross The rhyme has been associated with both Lady Godiva, who famously rode a horse nude, and Queen Elizabeth I who once visited Banbury. No one knows for sure but it is recorded as far back as the 18th century and the fashion for wearing bells on the ends of shoes was popular at the end of the 15th century. London Bridge is Falling Down Goes back at least as far as the 17th century and there are similar old rhymes from Denmark, Germany and France. One theory has it that the rhyme refers to the sacking of the bridge by Olaf II of Norway in 1014. Others suggest that it simply refers to the old medieval London Bridge which, by the 18th century, was in a state of disrepair. Jack and Jill Jack and Jill as a 'pair' go back to the 16th century with Shakespeare referring to them in his play A Midsummer's Night Dream. There are several theories but the village of Kilmersdon in Somerset lays claim to be the source and there is a stone tablet recording it. In 1697 an unmarried couple were said to hav


What film studio was founded by Cecil B De Mille and J L Lasky in 1913?

Biography – Cecil B. DeMille Biography Overview Cecil Blount DeMille was a founder of the Hollywood motion-picture industry, one of the most commercially successful producer-directors of his time, and one of the most influential filmmakers in history. Between 1914 and 1956, he made seventy feature films; all but seven were profitable. Cecil B. DeMille is synonymous with religious epics: The King of Kings, Samson and Delilah, and The Ten Commandments (1956). He blended spectacle, sex, and spellbinding narrative to convey a message of faith. It was DeMille who created the image of the omnipotent director, megaphone in hand, wearing boots and a visored cap. DeMille gave Hollywood numerous stars: Wallace Reid, Gloria Swanson, William (“Hopalong Cassidy”) Boyd, Claudette Colbert, Robert Preston, Jean Arthur, and Charlton Heston. DeMille created the posts of studio story editor, art director, and concept artist. He was one of the first to use theatrical lighting on a movie set. In the late 1920s, when Hollywood converted to sound films, DeMille defied the sound experts, liberating the camera from a confining booth, and implementing the microphone boom. DeMille’s authority extended beyond the confines of his studio. He was a power in aviation, banking, politics, and real estate. In the 1930s, his fame as a filmmaker was surpassed by his fame as a radio star. He was a founder of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, an institution from which he eventually won two awards. In 1953 his film The Greatest Show on Earth won the Award for Best Picture of 1952; and he was presented with the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. DeMille’s influence on world culture is incalculable, but there are estimates and milestones. His biography of Jesus Christ, The King of Kings, was a silent film, but because of a unique distribution arrangement, it was eventually seen by 800 million viewers. Samson and Delilah (1949) and The Ten Commandments (1956) are still listed with the top ten all-time box-office champions. They continue to generate revenue and provoke thought. Cecil B. DeMille directing The Ten Commandments in Egypt, November 1954. Portrait by G.E. Richardson Cecil B. DeMille, the image of the Hollywood director. Portrait by Witzel Birth and Lineage Cecil B. DeMille was born on August 12, 1881, in Ashfield, Massachusetts. His father, Henry de Mille, was born in Washington, North Carolina, of Dutch and English ancestry. Henry was an Episcopal lay minister and a successful playwright. DeMille’s mother was born Beatrice Samuels to German-Jewish parents in London but was raised in New York. Before her marriage to Henry de Mille, she converted to the Protestant Episcopal faith. Beatrice was an educator and later became the second female play broker in America. Cecil had an older brother William (born 1878), and a sister Agnes (1891-1895). Henry & Beatrice de Mille The DeMille Name and its Variants Cecil used the spelling DeMille in his professional life, and de Mille in private life. The family name de Mille was used by his daughter Cecilia, and given to his adopted children, John, Katherine, and Richard. It was also used by Cecil’s brother William, and by William’s daughters Margaret and Agnes. It is used by his granddaughter Cecilia de Mille Presley. Early Years DeMille’s childhood was memorable for sojourns in a rented house at Echo Lake, New Jersey. It was here that he learned to love nature, through the flora and fauna of the lake. He was introduced to the dramatic arts as he watched his father write plays with the acclaimed David Belasco. Henry often asked Cecil and William for their opinions of the latest draft. In the evenings Henry read to his children, first from the Bible and then from either a literary classic or a history book. Cecil learned the connection between preaching and the theater. In 1892 the close-knit de Mille family moved to a newly built house in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey. In 1893 tragedy struck when Henry de Mille fell ill with typhoid fever and died. Two years later the infant Agnes died of spinal meningitis


Polocrosse is a sport combining polo and what else?

Polocrosse Calgary   About Us Polocrosse Calgary's members come from all over the place and we practice and play in the city's South Glenmore Park at the end of 90th Avenue SW. The field is our home base and our players and their horses travel in from surrounding areas like Strathmore, Chestermere, DeWinton, Springbank and more. Our members come from every walk of equestrian life and incude players of all ages and abilities. We have riders with a variety of backgrounds and many of them are active in other disciplines including 4H, Pony Club, eventing, gymkhana, show jumping, Coyboy Challenge, and just about anything else you can name! We also have players with no significant riding background who are just beginning their equestrian journey and learning as they go. We really believe that polocrosse can be played by anyone who can get on their horse and our number one priority is the safety and well-being of our horses and ourselves. You don't have to become a member to come out and give polocrosse a go, but we know that once you try it you will be hooked and want to join! We invite new players to come ride with us up to 4 times before joining but we will still require that you sign a waiver and you must wear proper boots and a helmet. We encourage all riders and horse owners to be current members of the Alberta Equestrian Federation and this is a requirement for membership in our club.   About Polocrosse Polocrosse is s team sport played all over the world, particularly in  nations of the British Commonwealth and originated in Australia before  the Second World War. As a combo between polo and lacrosse, it offers  challenges to equestrians and athletes of all abilities and ages. Safety and  good horsemanship are the top goals of polocrosse at all levels. In Canada, polocrosse is still fairly small but growing fast! Here are a couple of links with descriptions of the game and it's rules.


Who is the only US president to have served two non-consecutive terms and is therefore counted as both the 22nd and 24th president?

Strange Facts About Presidents of the United States | strange true facts|strange weird stuff|weird diseases Strange Facts About Presidents of the United States September 1, 2012 0 Comments Everyone of us has our own strange habits, it could be a funny, scary, or weirdest habits that sometimes, we are embarrassed or often we feel so shy about it. What if those famous celebrities have their own “peculiar behavior” just like the President of the United States. Here are some names of US Presidents with their strange facts in life. 1)  George Washington Official First U.S. President George Washington Mount Rushmore, (left to right) Sculptures of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln represent the first 130 years of the history of the United States George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 , and died on  December 14, 1799 due to a disease known as quinsy or epiglottitis and died at age 67. During those times they use a medical practice known as bloodletting (withdrawing small quantity of blood from patients) to prevent or cure illnesses. He was not actually the First President of the United States, as claimed but it was John Hanson. Washington was elected the first president by unanimous choice in 1788, and he served two terms in office. The strange facts  about George Washington”s teeth, were made from human and animal teeth, and had springs, that if he relaxed, the teeth would break. His pets are; a donkey, a Royal gift, three gazehounds dogs, four Black and Tan Coonhounds dogs (used for hunting raccoons) and Nelson the horse. John Hanson (First US President) John Hanson Portrait 1770 John Hanson, was born on April 14, 1721, and died on November 22, 1783 because of poor health after a year,  retiring  from public office as President of Congress. He was a merchant and public official from Maryland during the era of the American Revolution. He was the first person elected as the presiding officer in November 1781, thus some historians claiming John Hanson as the First President of the United States. He also approved and authorized the Great Seal of the United States. John Hanson‘s grave site has been lost, at his nephew’s plantation Oxon Hill Manor in Prince George’s County, Maryland. John Adams  2nd President of the United States John Adams, 2nd US President John Adams at age 89 John Adams was the second President of the United States from 1797 to 1801, and served earlier as the first Vice President of the United States. He was born on October 30, 1735 or Old Style  October 19, 1735. On October 25, 1764, five days before his 29th birthday, Adams married his third cousin Abigail Smith (1744–1818).  Sixteen months before John Adams’ death, his son, John Quincy Adams, became the sixth President of the United States (1825–1829). John Adams died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, at his home. Fifty years after the declaration of the United States Independence, John Adams last words on his death bed was, “Thomas Jefferson will survive”, (they are close friends), but Adams was not aware that Jefferson died few hours ahead of him, strange? His death left Charles Caroll of Carollton as the last surviving signatory of the Declaration of Independence. John Quincy Adams was the president during John Adams death at the age of 90 years and 247 days old. Adams official pets are his three dogs Juno, Mark, and Satan, and  Cleopatra, his horse. Thomas Jefferson 3rd President of the United States Thomas Jefferson 3rd US President Thomas Jefferson portrait painting Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 or the Old Style calendar, April 2, 1743 . Jefferson was the third President of the United States (1801 to 1809). He was an American Founding Father and the principal author of the 1776 Declaration of Independence. – July 4, 1826)  In July 1825, Jefferson’s health began to deteriorate, and by June 1826 he was confined to bed. He died of complications from  toxemia, uremia and pneumonia on July 4, 1826, 5oth Independence Day (strange fact, John


"""Shock Treatment"" was the sequel to which musical?"

Shock Treatment (1981) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Janet and Brad become contestants on a game show... but wind up as captives instead. Director: a list of 48 titles created 04 Jul 2013 a list of 36 titles created 04 Sep 2014 a list of 25 titles created 22 Mar 2015 a list of 25 titles created 5 months ago a list of 24 titles created 4 months ago Search for " Shock Treatment " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 2 wins & 3 nominations. See more awards  » Photos A newly engaged couple have a breakdown in an isolated area and must pay a call to the bizarre residence of Dr. Frank-N-Furter. Director: Jim Sharman A young couple venture into a summer beach house and make passionate love, unaware that they are being observed by a demented doctor who later uses the girl as part of a bizarre experiment. Director: Jim Sharman The Night The Prowler, is about the dark side of suburban middle-class urban culture and family relations. It film brings to the surface some of the darkest recesses of suburban family life... See full summary  » Director: Jim Sharman A worldwide epidemic encourages a biotech company to launch an organ-financing program similar in nature to a standard car loan. The repossession clause is a killer, however. Director: Darren Lynn Bousman A live stage production of the musical, filmed at the Playhouse Theatre in London, commemorating the 40th anniversary of the release of The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975). Director: Christopher Luscombe A disfigured composer sells his soul for the woman he loves so that she will perform his music. However, an evil record tycoon betrays him and steals his music to open his rock palace, The Paradise. Director: Brian De Palma Edit Storyline Following on from "The Rocky Horror Picture Show", this musical is set several years later in Brad and Janet Majors' hometown - which has become a giant TV station; residents are either participants or viewers. They are married now, but their romance has fallen on the rocks. Ostensibly to fix their marriage, Brad is imprisoned on the program "Dentonvale" (the local mental hospital) while Janet is conscripted to become a new star. As Janet is entranced by the high life, she forgets Brad. Who is trying to woo her away? Written by Miss Rori Stevens Trust Me, I'm A Doctor. See more  » Genres: 30 October 1981 (West Germany) See more  » Also Known As: The Brad and Janet Show See more  » Filming Locations: Cliff De Young based his Brad Majors character on David Eisenhower . See more » Goofs Farley's lazy right eye disappears intermittently throughout the movie. See more » Quotes [first lines] Narrator: [voice-over] Once upon a time, there lived a real fast guy. His life was fast. His friends were fast. Heh - even his food was fast. But he was still not satisfied. He wanted to share his fast philosophy with someone else, a beautiful girl. Trouble was, she was in the arms of... another man. (baltimore, md) – See all my reviews As people have said, this film got a horribly bad rap, and made very little money. The reason, as people have also said, is that it was expected to be in the same vein as RHPS, which it simply was not. Sure, it had Richard O'Brien's trademark musical style and whimsy, but it wasn't the campy kitsch people were expecting. It was, in fact, an intellectual movie with a serious message, a brilliant satire of life in the late 20th century. O'Brien takes jabs at the hallmarks of the decline of modern Western civilisation; conformity, machismo, brainwashing, and the absurdity of the "American Dream". The plot can be a little hard to discern on the first viewing, but, as with many great intellectual films, more nuances of what O'Brien is trying to say are picked up with each subsequent viewing. The film is certainl


Who was made Archbishop of Canterbury under Henry VIII, introduced 2 prayer books under Edward VI, and was executed for heresy under Mary I?

Archbishop of Canterbury | Belfast Child Henry VIII Tudor Rose The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was a royal house of Welsh and English origin, [1] descended in the male line from the Tudors of Penmynydd . Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland ) from 1485 until 1603. The first monarch, Henry VII , descended through his mother from a legitimised branch of the English royal House of Lancaster . The Tudor family rose to power in the wake of the Wars of the Roses , which left the House of Lancaster, to which the Tudors were aligned, extinct. ———————————————————————————– Inside The Court Of Henry VIII – Documentary 2015 ———————————————————————————– Welsh , English Henry Tudor was able to establish himself as a candidate not only for traditional Lancastrian supporters, but also for the discontented supporters of their rival House of York , and he rose to capture the throne in battle, becoming Henry VII . His victory was reinforced by his marriage to Elizabeth of York , symbolically uniting the former warring factions under a new dynasty . The Tudors extended their power beyond modern England , achieving the full union of England and the Principality of Wales in 1542 ( Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 ), and successfully asserting English authority over the Kingdom of Ireland . They also maintained the nominal English claim to the Kingdom of France ; although none of them made substance of it, Henry VIII fought wars with France trying to reclaim that title. After him, his daughter Mary I lost control of all territory in France permanently with the fall of Calais in 1558. ———————————————————– The Wars of The Roses: A Bloody Crown ———————————————————– In total, five Tudor monarchs ruled their domains for just over a century. Henry VIII of England was the only male-line male heir of Henry VII to live to the age of maturity. Issues around the royal succession (including marriage and the succession rights of women) became major political themes during the Tudor era. The House of Stuart came to power in 1603 when the Tudor line failed, as Elizabeth I died without issue Ascent to the throne The Tudors are descended on Henry VII’s mother’s side from John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset , one of the illegitimate children of the 14th century English Prince John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (the third surviving son of Edward III of England ) by Gaunt’s long-term mistress Katherine Swynford . The descendants of an illegitimate child of English Royalty would normally have no claim on the throne, but the situation was complicated when Gaunt and Swynford eventually married in 1399, when John Beaufort was 25. The church retroactively declared the Beauforts legitimate by way of a papal bull the same year, confirmed by an Act of Parliament in 1397. A subsequent proclamation by John of Gaunt’s legitimate son, Henry IV of England , also recognised the Beauforts’ legitimacy, but declared them ineligible ever to inherit the throne. Nevertheless, the Beauforts remained closely allied with Gaunt’s legitimate descendants from his first marriage, the House of Lancaster . On 1 November 1455, John Beaufort’s granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby , married Henry VI of England ‘s half-brother Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond . It was his father, Owen Tudor ( Welsh : Owain ap Maredudd ap Tewdur ap Goronwy ap Tewdur ap Goronwy ap Ednyfed Fychan), who abandoned the Welsh patronymic naming practice and adopted a fixed surname. When he did, he did not choose, as was generally the custom, his father’s name, Maredudd, but chose his grandfather’s instead. Tewdur or Tudor is derived from the words tud “territory” and rhi “king”. [2] Owen Tudor was one of the body guards for Queen Dowager Catherine of Valois , whose husband, Henry V of England , had died in 1422. Evidence suggests that the two were secretly married in 1429. The two sons born of the marriage, Edmund and Jasper, were among the most loyal supporters of the House o


What is the name for the region of an astronomical object from which externally received light originates, which extends into a star's surface until the gas becomes opaque?

What is the Photosphere? / OPTcorp.com | OPT Telescopes What is the Photosphere? This entry was posted on September 9, 2008 by The Team at OPT. The photosphere of an astronomical object is the region from which externally received light comes. It extends into a star's surface until the gas becomes opaque, equivalent to an optical depth of 2 or 3. In other words, the photosphere is the region where an object stops being transparent to ordinary light. The effective temperature of the photosphere corresponds to the position where the optical depth becomes 2/3 for a photon of wavelength equal to 500 nanometers, since the total amount of energy emitted by the star is equal to the energy emitted by a gas at that radius[citation needed]. Because stars, excepting neutron stars, have no solid surface, the photosphere is typically used to describe the Sun or another star's visual surface. The term itself is derived from Ancient Greek roots, f??- f?t??/photos meaning "light" and sfa????/sphairos meaning "ball," in reference to the fact that it is a ball-shaped surface perceived to emit light The Sun's photosphere has a temperature between 4500 and 6000 kelvins (5800 kelvin average) and a density of about 210-4 kg m-3; other stars may have hotter or cooler photospheres. The Sun's photosphere is composed of convection cells called granulescells of gas each approximately 1000 kilometers in diameter[5] with hot rising gas in the center and cooler gas falling in the narrow spaces between them. Each granule has a lifespan of only about eight minutes, resulting in a continually shifting "boiling" pattern. Grouping the typical granules are super granules up to 30,000 kilometers in diameter with lifespans of up to 24 hours. These details are too fine to see on other stars. The Sun's visible atmosphere has other layers above the photosphere: the 10,000 kilometre-deep chromosphere (typically observed by filtered light, for example H-alpha) lies just between the photosphere and the much hotter but more tenuous corona. Other "surface features" on the photosphere are solar flares and sunspots. This entry was posted in Uncategorized on September 9, 2008 by The Team at OPT. ← Previous Post Next Post → Leave a Reply


The secretary bird is native to which continent?

Secretary Bird | The Animal Facts Conservation Status Vulnerable Appearance Secretary birds stand on a pair of long, pink, scaly legs. At the end of these are webbed feet that have thick claws at the end. They are suited more to walking than grasping. Along the back half of the body and at the top of their legs are black feathers. The front half of their long body is covered with greyish-white feathers. Along the long neck and on the top of the head are black feathers. Their face is coloured orange and surrounded by the greyish-white feathers. Their beak is slightly curved and coloured grey. The eye varies from being yellow to dark brown. They stand 1.2-1.5m (4.1-4.9ft) tall. Their wings measure 2.1m (6.9ft) across. They weigh between 2.3 and 4.3kg (5-9.4lb). Lifespan                                                                                In the wild they will reach 10-15 years of age. In captivity they are able to make it to 19 years old. Diet Secretary birds are carnivores. They will feed upon most small animals that live on the ground such as lizards, tortoises, snakes (including venomous species), hares, mongoose, small birds, bird eggs and carrion. Some reports suggest that this species can bring down a small gazelle. When hunting this species stomps vegetation to flush out their prey. After it is in the open they will stomp it repeatedly with their feet. Once they catch their prey it is swallowed whole. If hunting a snake they will use their feathers to defend themselves. This is a helpful defense as their feathers are hollow meaning the venom cannot affect them. They are one of only two land-dwelling birds which hunt on their feet (the other being the caracara). When a fire passes through an area they will scavenge the area to find animals which did not escape. Habitat Africa is the native home of the secretary bird. Here they can found across most of the continent only being absent from the Saharan desert in the North along with the forested areas of West Africa, Sierra Leone and Liberia. They live in open savannahs, grasslands, semi-desert, scrub and lightly wooded areas. In these areas they will only live where the grass is less than 1m (3.3ft) tall so they can see their prey. Reproduction Secretary birds can breed year round but it peaks from August to March. Typically they will breed once a year but when food is plentiful they may breed twice. Courtship consists of a male and female soaring in wide circles before swooping downward and while in midair clasping their talons. On the ground they may perform a dance with their wings outstretched. This pair will mate for life. They begin to work on a nest that may grow to be 2.4m (8ft) across. This is built from twigs, sticks, animal fur and feces, leaves and grasses. It may take up to 6 months for the nest to be complete. This is used and added to for many years until it is at risk of collapse. The female lays one to three pale green eggs with each being laid two to three days apart. Most of the 42-46 day incubation period is undertaken by the female. Both parents will regurgitate food which they can feed to the chicks. Unlike other birds the secretary bird is able to successfully raise numerous chicks. Chicks are born with downy feathers but within 10 days the bare patch on the face starts to become obvious. By three weeks old their crest feathers start to come through as do their eyelashes. The chick is always accompanied by one parent for its first few weeks. The parents will begin by tearing up food for the chicks but in time they will begin to drop small food item into the nest which the chicks can practice hunting. Water is dribbled into the mouths of the chicks by the parents. By six weeks old they look like miniature versions of the parents but have a yellow face patch. At 9 weeks they begin to exercise the wings but it is not until 12 weeks old that they will fledge. At this point they begin to hunt, kick and fly. At 2 to 3 ½ months old they begin to live independently. The parents will sometimes allow them to share their territory at this point