The North England town of Beverley is named after what creature?

A History of Beverley, Yorkshire A BRIEF HISTORY OF BEVERLEY, YORKSHIRE By Tim Lambert BEVERLEY IN THE MIDDLE AGES Beverley means beaver stream (beavers were once common in Britain). About 705 a monastery was founded by the stream. In 721 John of Beverley, the Bishop of York died and was buried at the monastery. He was canonized (declared a saint) in 1037. It was said that miracles occurred around his tomb e.g. people were healed from illnesses. Soon pilgrims came to his burial place, some of them hoping for cures, some merely to worship. Soon a little trading settlement grew up around the monastery at Beverley. Medieval Beverley did not have a stone wall but it did have a ditch and an earth rampart probably with a wooden palisade on top. However there were 4 stone gates known as bars (bar is an old word for gate). Merchants bringing goods into the town had to pay tolls at the bars. The 4 bars were North Bar, Norwood Bar, Keldgate or South Bar and Newbegin Bar. Only 1 of the 4 gates survives, the North Bar. The present one was rebuilt in brick in 1409. When the town grew a suburb appeared outside the gate and was called North Bar Without. The buildings inside the gate were called North Bar Within. Beverley was famous in the 15th century for brick making and tile making. In 1461 a by-law was passed that stated 'on account of the stink, fouling of the air and destruction of fruit trees no-one is to make a kiln to make tiles in or nearer to the said town (Beverley) than the kilns that are already built'. The kilns were obviously on the outskirts of the town but it is not known exactly where. There was also a large leather industry in Beverley and there were many tanners. There were also butchers who lived and worked in Butcher Row. In Beverley there were also potters and coopers. However Beverley was most famous for its cloth industry. Wool was woven in the town. Then it was fulled. This means it was pounded in water and clay to clean and thicken it. When it was dry the wool was dyed. In 1390 a total of 38 trades were mentioned in Beverley. Commerce in Beverley was helped in the 12th century when the Archbishop persuaded the people 'to make a channel from the river of sufficient depth to carry barges'. This made it easier to bring goods to and from ships on the river. In the Middle Ages there were weekly markets in Beverley. There were also 3 annual fairs. Fairs were like markets but they were held only once a year and buyers and sellers would come from all over Northeast England to attend. Originally the market was held in the south of the town, in a large triangular piece of land by the Minster between Eastgate and Highgate. Gradually shops and other buildings were erected on this market place and it shrunk in size. The market continued to be held there but it became known as the Wednesday Market. In the 12th century a new market place was built north of the town. It became known as Saturday Market. A chapel dedicated to St Mary was built there and in 1269 it became a parish church. The Archbishop of York was Lord of the Manor of Beverley and he had the right to charge tolls on stallholders in the markets. Toll Gavel may have been the place where tolls were charged. In the 13th century friars arrived in Beverley. The friars were like monks but instead of withdrawing from the world they went out to preach. By the 1230s there were Dominican friars in Beverley. They were known as Black friars because of the colour of their costumes. By 1267 there were Franciscan friars in Beverley. They were called Grey friars because of the color of their habits. By the end of the 13th century they moved to a site outside Keldgate Bar. In the early 13th century the Knights Hospitallers came to Beverley. They were an order of monks who provided hospitality to pilgrims and travelers. In the Middle Ages the only 'hospitals' were run by the church. In them monks or nuns would care for the poor and infirm. Trinity hospital was founded in Beverley in 1397. By the mid 15th century there were 3 more, St Mary's, St John the Baptist's west of the We


Köppen-Geiger is the name of a classification system for what?

Koppen climate classification | climatology | Britannica.com climate Köppen climate classification, widely used, vegetation-based empirical climate classification system developed by German botanist-climatologist Wladimir Köppen . His aim was to devise formulas that would define climatic boundaries in such a way as to correspond to those of the vegetation zones ( biomes ) that were being mapped for the first time during his lifetime. Köppen published his first scheme in 1900 and a revised version in 1918. He continued to revise his system of classification until his death in 1940. Other climatologists have modified portions of Köppen’s procedure on the basis of their experience in various parts of the world. The major climatic types are based on patterns of average precipitation, average temperature, and … M.C. Peel, B.L. Finlayson, and T.A. McMahon (2007), updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11, 1633-1644. Köppen’s classification is based on a subdivision of terrestrial climates into five major types, which are represented by the capital letters A, B, C, D, and E. Each of these climate types except for B is defined by temperature criteria . Type B designates climates in which the controlling factor on vegetation is dryness (rather than coldness). Aridity is not a matter of precipitation alone but is defined by the relationship between the precipitation input to the soil in which the plants grow and the evaporative losses. Since evaporation is difficult to evaluate and is not a conventional measurement at meteorological stations, Köppen was forced to substitute a formula that identifies aridity in terms of a temperature-precipitation index (that is, evaporation is assumed to be controlled by temperature). Dry climates are divided into arid (BW) and semiarid (BS) subtypes, and each may be differentiated further by adding a third code, h for warm and k for cold. As noted above, temperature defines the other four major climate types. These are subdivided, with additional letters again used to designate the various subtypes. Type A climates (the warmest) are differentiated on the basis of the seasonality of precipitation: Af (no dry season), Am (short dry season), or Aw (winter dry season). Type E climates (the coldest) are conventionally separated into tundra (ET) and snow / ice climates (EF). The mid-latitude C and D climates are given a second letter, f (no dry season), w (winter dry), or s (summer dry), and a third symbol (a, b, c, or d [the last subclass exists only for D climates]), indicating the warmth of the summer or the coldness of the winter. Although Köppen’s classification did not consider the uniqueness of highland climate regions, the highland climate category, or H climate, is sometimes added to climate classification systems to account for elevations above 1,500 metres (about 4,900 feet). Classification of major climatic types according to the modified Köppen-Geiger scheme letter symbol climate change The Köppen classification has been criticized on many grounds. It has been argued that extreme events, such as a periodic drought or an unusual cold spell, are just as significant in controlling vegetation distributions as the mean conditions upon which Köppen’s scheme is based. It also has been pointed out that factors other than those used in the classification, such as sunshine and wind , are important to vegetation. Moreover, it has been contended that natural vegetation can respond only slowly to environmental change, so that the vegetation zones observable today are in part adjusted to past climates. Many critics have drawn attention to the rather poor correspondence between the Köppen zones and the observed vegetation distribution in many areas of the world. In spite of these and other limitations, the Köppen system remains the most popular climatic classification in use today. World distribution of major climatic types The following discussion of the climates of the world is based on groupings of Köppen’s climatic types. It should be noted


The Greek word Xero (pronounced zero) in xerography and related terminology means what?

Xeriscape | Definition of Xeriscape by Merriam-Webster   Definition of xeriscape :  a landscaping method developed especially for arid and semiarid climates that utilizes water-conserving techniques (such as the use of drought-tolerant plants, mulch, and efficient irrigation) Did You Know? Xēros is the Greek word for "dry" that is the base for a handful of English words related to mainly dry printing ("xerography") and dry, or xerophilous, habitats and their plants. In the early 1980s, the Greek adjective was used to name a type of landscaping practiced primarily in the arid western regions of the United States. (The Water Department of Denver, Colorado, is credited with the word's coinage.) "Xeriscape," as it is called, uses plants that require little water and techniques that efficiently use water and reduce evaporation. 1982 First Known Use of xeriscape 1982


In astronomy and metaphorical language what is the opposite of zenith?

Zenith - definition of zenith by The Free Dictionary Zenith - definition of zenith by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/zenith 1. The point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the observer. 2. The upper region of the sky. 3. The highest point above the observer's horizon attained by a celestial body. 4. The point of culmination; the peak: the zenith of her career. See Synonyms at summit . [Middle English senith, from Old French cenith, from Medieval Latin, from Arabic samt (ar-ra's), path (over the head), from Latin sēmita, path; see mei-1 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] zenith 1. (Astronomy) astronomy the point on the celestial sphere vertically above an observer 2. the highest point; peak; acme: the zenith of someone's achievements. [C17: from French cenith, from Medieval Latin, from Old Spanish zenit, based on Arabic samt, as in samt arrās path over one's head, from samt way, path + al the + rās head] ˈzenithal adj (ˈzi nɪθ; esp. Brit. ˈzɛn ɪθ) n. 1. the point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer. Compare nadir. 2. the highest point or state; culmination; peak. [1350–1400; Middle English cenith < Medieval Latin < Old Spanish zenit, scribal error for zemt < Arabic samt road (compare Arabic samt ar-rās road above (over) one's head, the opposite of nadir)] ze·nith The point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the observer. zenith , nadir - Zenith derived from Arabic samt ar-ras, "the way or road above one's head"; zenith technically is the point directly above the observer and nadir is the point directly below. See also related terms for observer . ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. zenith - the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected celestial point - a point in the heavens (on the celestial sphere) celestial sphere , empyrean , firmament , heavens , vault of heaven , welkin , sphere - the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected nadir - the point below the observer that is directly opposite the zenith on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected zenith 2. (fig) → cenit m, apogeo m to be at the zenith of one's power → estar en el apogeo de su poder zenith to be at its zenith → être à son zénith to reach its zenith → atteindre son zénith zenith n (Astron, fig) → Zenit m zenith [ˈzɛnɪθ] n (liter) (of civilization) → culmine m; (of career) → apice m (Astron) → zenit m inv zenith (ˈzeniθ) noun the highest point. The sun reaches its zenith at midday. hoogste punt سَمْت، أوْج، أعْلى نُقْطَه зенит zênite zenit der Zenit top; zenit ζενίθ , απόγειο cénit seniit اوج lakipiste zénith זנית, שיא शिरोविन्दु, पराकाष्ठा zenit tetőpont titik tertinggi hvirfilpunktur, hápunktur zenit 天頂 정점 zenitas zenīts rembang zenit topp , høyeste punkt, senit zenit سمت الراس، اوج، تر ټولو لوړه څوكه، وروستۍ نقطه zénite zenit зенит zenit zenit zenit zenit จุดสูงสุด zirve , zenit 頂點 зеніт سمت الراس cực điểm 顶点 Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: culmination References in classic literature ? All beneath the fantastic limbs and ragged tree tops, which were, here and there, dimly painted against the starry zenith, lay alike in shadowed obscurity. View in context The great cloud-barred disk of the sun stood just above a limitless expanse of tossing white-caps--so to speak--a billowy chaos of massy mountain domes and peaks draped in imperishable snow, and flooded with an opaline glory of changing and dissolving splendors, while through rifts in a black cloud-bank above the sun, radiating lances of diamond dust shot to the zenith. View in context And at the zenith of his fame, how he would suddenly appear at the old village and stalk into church, brown and weather-beaten, in his black velvet doublet and trunks, his great jack-boots, his crimson sash, his belt b


What is the standard geometric name for a regular quadrilateral?

Quadrilaterals - Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Trapezoid, Parallelogram Quadrilaterals Quadrilateral just means "four sides" (quad means four, lateral means side). A Quadrilateral has four-sides,  it is 2-dimensional (a flat shape), closed (the lines join up), and has straight sides. Try it Yourself (Also see this on Interactive Quadrilaterals ) Properties The interior angles add up to 360 degrees: Try drawing a quadrilateral, and measure the angles. They should add to 360° Types of Quadrilaterals There are special types of quadrilateral: Some types are also included in the definition of other types! For example a square, rhombus and rectangle are also parallelograms. See below for more details. Let us look at each type in turn: The Rectangle A rectangle is a four-sided shape where every angle is a right angle (90°). Also opposite sides are parallel and of equal length. The Rhombus A rhombus is a four-sided shape where all sides have equal length. Also opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles are equal. Another interesting thing is that the diagonals (dashed lines in second figure) meet in the middle at a right angle. In other words they "bisect" (cut in half) each other at right angles. A rhombus is sometimes called a rhomb or a diamond. The Square A square has equal sides and every angle is a right angle (90°) Also opposite sides are parallel. A square also fits the definition of a rectangle (all angles are 90°), and a rhombus (all sides are equal length). The Parallelogram A parallelogram has opposite sides parallel and equal in length. Also opposite angles        are equal (angles "a" are the same, and angles "b" are the same). NOTE: Squares, Rectangles and Rhombuses are all        Parallelograms! Example: angles "a" and "b" as right angles is a square! Isosceles Trapezoid A trapezoid (called a trapezium in the UK) has a pair of opposite sides parallel. And a trapezium (called a trapezoid in the UK) is a quadrilateral with NO parallel sides:   a pair of parallel sides NO parallel sides a pair of parallel sides (the US and UK definitions are swapped over!) (Note: when the two sides joining parallel sides are equal in length and both angles coming from a parallel        side are also equal we call it an Isosceles trapezoid, as shown above.) The Kite Hey, it looks like a kite (usually). It has two pairs of sides. Each pair        is made up of adjacent sides (they meet) that are equal in length. The angles        are equal where the pairs meet. Diagonals (dashed lines) meet at        a right angle, and one of the diagonal bisects (cuts equally in        half) the other.   ... and that's it for the special quadrilaterals.   Irregular Quadrilaterals The only regular (all sides equal and all angles equal) quadrilateral is a square. So all other quadrilaterals are irregular.   Example: a square is also a rectangle. So we include a square in the definition of a rectangle. (We don't say "Having all 90° angles makes it a rectangle except when all sides are equal then it is a square.") This may seem odd, as in daily life we think of a square as not being a rectangle ... but in mathematics it is. Using the chart below we can answer such questions as: Is a Square a type of Rectangle? (Yes) Is a Rectangle a type of Kite? (No) Complex Quadrilaterals Oh Yes! when two sides cross over, we call it a "Complex" or "Self-Intersecting" quadrilateral, like these: They still have 4 sides, but two sides cross over. Polygon A quadrilateral is a polygon . In fact it is a 4-sided polygon, just like a triangle is a 3-sided polygon, a pentagon is a 5-sided polygon, and so on. Play with Them Now that you know the different types, you can play with the Interactive Quadrilaterals . Other Names A quadrilateral can sometimes be called:   a Quadrangle ("four angles"), so it sounds like "triangle" a Tetragon ("four and polygon"), so it sounds like "pentagon", "hexagon", etc.


What inventor was nicknamed The Wizard of Menlo Park?

Thomas Edison and Menlo Park | Thomas Edison Center Thomas Edison and Menlo Park Thomas Edison and Menlo Park Thomas Edison and Menlo Park The following excerpts are taken from Westfield Architects & Preservation Consultants’ 2007 Preservation Master Plan, Edison Memorial Tower, Museum, & Site. Young Edison Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847 in the town of Milan, Ohio. 1 His parents, Sam and Nancy Edison, were of Canadian origin and had six children prior to Thomas, only three of whom survived. Edison’s family moved to Port Huron, Michigan in 1854. Throughout his childhood, Thomas Edison was full of curiosity about how things worked and always asked a lot of questions. He didn’t do very well in a traditional school setting, and often got punished for annoying the teacher with too many questions. As a result, after the age of twelve, he was home-schooled by his mother. His interest in science was first sparked when his mother bought him his first scientific book, The School of Natural Philosophy. He thoroughly studied the book and performed all the experiments described in it at home. He soon set up his own laboratory in his room and began performing original experiments. After a few disasters, he was asked by his parents to move his laboratory to the basement. The explosions from the basement constantly shook the house, often upsetting his father. To fund his experiments, Edison took a job as a newsboy on the new Grand Trunk Railway service that had recently begun operating between Port Huron and Detroit, selling candy and refreshments. 2 He made good use of his free time in Detroit by reading at the public library. He had set up a laboratory in the baggage car of the train where he performed experiments during his free time. An accidental fire on the train caused by one of his experiments led to his firing.   Edison was so interested in the working of the telegraph, which had been in use for about forty years, that he built one of his own in his home. At the age of sixteen he became a telegraph operator at the telegraph office in Port Huron. 3 Like most of his other ventures, this job also ended when Edison almost blew up the office while experimenting with the equipment. After that he traveled around the country for five years, mostly working as a telegraph operator at different offices. Although he was moderately deaf as a teenager, he was able to do his job as a telegraph operator because the sharp clicks of the telegraph machine were clearer to him than other ambient sounds. Finally, after being demoted and quitting his job at the Western Union Telegraph office in Boston for a prank he played on his bosses in December of 1868, he decided to quit working as a telegraph operator and decided to devote himself to his inventions.   Edison stayed in Boston for a while and used his salesmanship skills to convince investors to finance his inventions. In 1869, he patented the Electrical Vote Recorder. Another one of his earliest successful inventions was an improvisation of the “stock ticker” which received up-to-date stock price information from the stock exchange and displayed it at various locations. But after a few failures, he lost the faith of his investors. Broke, Edison moved to New York where he befriended a top telegraph engineer, Franklin L. Pope, who worked for Dr. S. S. Laws, the inventor of the earlier version of the stock ticker and who now owned New York Gold Indicator Company. 4 Pope gave Edison some space to board at the company’s Wall Street headquarters. Within a few days, the master ticker tape machine had a major breakdown throwing the entire office and many New York businesses in turmoil. Since Edison was always around the office, he offered to fix the machine. When he did so within two hours, he was offered a job the following day as Pope’s assistant. 5 After working for Dr. Laws, Edison set up his own engineering business and was soon hired by Western Union to be in charge of all of their equipment. 6 Within a short span of time, his boss at Western Union offered to buy out all his new


In which year were car tax discs launched in the UK?

Tax Disc History - Earlswood Vintage & Classic Tax Disc History Basket Tax Disc History Earlswood Reproduction - The Tax Disc People, have been researching Tax Discs for many years. They have an interesting story to relate - there is far more to that funny round piece of paper than you might think… The familiar British Tax Disc is a circular document, displayed on all road vehicles, to prove payment of the tax for the use a public highway in the United Kingdom. The display of Tax Discs on vehicles in the United Kingdom all started back in 1921, with the implementation of the Roads and Finance Act 1920, but the whole story of taxation of road use goes back way before then. Pre- History In late medieval times, tolls or turnpikes were created for the use of a specific length of road, or even a bridge. This was a very direct form of taxation: if you used the road, you paid the toll or tax. It did not matter who you were or whether you rode or had the (relative) luxury of a coach or carriage. Vehicular taxation did not rear its ugly head for the first time in Great Britain until 1637, when Hackney cabs were licenced. Things went quiet for nearly a century and then in 1747, all horse-drawn carriages, drawn by two or more horses attracted a similar annual tax or licence. The first tax on mechanically-propelled vehicles followed surprisingly swiftly, in 1770. However, these machines were steam-powered and crude and were never used in numbers, largely due to their inefficiency and the rough roads: the railways did away with the poor surface problem and did not look back for a considerable time. By 1861, the Locomotive Acts controlled taxation of vehicles of British roads. At this stage, the administration of the Acts was via the local county offices, a system that was to remain right up until 1974, when the DVLC was created at Swansea - now the DVLA, though it still maintains about 40 local offices. The Locomotive Act of 1865 created the infamous 4 mph speed limit and the man with the red flag! It was around this time that the term 'keeper' came into use, rather than 'owner', a term still in use today on the modern V5C. If you owned a steam vehicle or a coach and four back then in the 1860's, then you needed to purchase an annual licence, through your local county council, valid until the December of that year. Just like the modern-day Tax Disc, if you had more than one coach, you had to buy a licence for each one in your possession. Unlike the present system, the piece of paper that you held only permitted you to use the roads of the county for which it was bought. If you had the misfortune to live right in the corner of a county, in close proximity to one or two others within your likely radius of operation, then additional licences were required for each county's roads used……… At typically two guineas a shot ( £2.10 in modern parlance ) per carriage, this was potentially a very expensive exercise! The licence itself at this time, took the form of a certificate, printed on thin paper, rectangular in shape, that contained the address of the owner, a description of the vehicle ( eg 'carriage drawn by four horses' ), the county of issue and the amount paid. A typical Carriage Licence. Printed on very thin paper, note the December expiry date, and the term 'keep'. Though bought in August, 1889, the full annual rate of two guineas has been paid. Despite our researches, we have been unable to discover just how enforceable this was - number plates did not exist and there was no law mandating evidence of payment to be displayed. However, traffic police were, no doubt, so much a thing of the future, that it may not have been too much of a problem to evade. And so to the advent of the motor car on our roads, with the first car appearing in 1894 - a Benz as it happens, and this car probably still survives. Yes, Britain was importing cars as long ago as that! The 1896 Locomotive and Highways Act was generally more friendly to the driver, enabling more popular light motor vehicles to be used - vehicles under 3 tons were exempted from the le


Diabolism | Define Diabolism at Dictionary.com diabolism [dahy-ab-uh-liz-uh m] /daɪˈæb əˌlɪz əm/ Spell action aided or caused by the devil; sorcery; witchcraft. the character or condition of a devil. a doctrine concerning devils. a belief in or worship of devils. 2. action befitting the devil; deviltry. Origin of diabolism 1600-10; < Greek diábol(os) devil + -ism Related forms Examples from the Web for diabolism Expand Historical Examples It has troubled me, said Herring, but helped me, to hear that Frye was a channel for that diabolism. The Religio-Medical Masquerade Frederick William Peabody A wizard was understandable; but this was diabolism beyond sanity. Seven Men Max Beerbohm He was allowed to work in peace, and in a short time the reign of diabolism at Bicetre was ended. British Dictionary definitions for diabolism Expand activities designed to enlist the aid of devils, esp in witchcraft or sorcery worship of devils or beliefs and teachings concerning them the nature of devils character or conduct that is devilish or fiendish; devilry Derived Forms Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for diabolism Expand c.1600s, from Ecclesiastical Greek diabolos "devil" (see devil (n.)) + -ism . Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Who was the prime minister of Rhodesia from 1965-79?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 11 | 1965: Rhodesia breaks from UK About This Site | Text Only 1965: Rhodesia breaks from UK The Rhodesian Government, led by Prime Minister Ian Smith, has illegally severed its links with the British Crown. Mr Smith made the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) after days of tense negotiations with British Prime Minister Harold Wilson. His address to the people of Rhodesia said he had taken the action, "so that dignity and freedom of all may be assured". After the proclamation he explained: "There can be no happiness in a country while the absurd situation continues to exist where people, such as ourselves, who have ruled themselves with an impeccable record for over 40 years, are denied what is freely granted to other countries." British authorities were only prepared to permit independence on the basis of giving the black majority population a fair share of power. Treason and rebellion have been committed Jason Mayo, Zapu National Treasurer Under Mr Smith's system there will be white minority rule, where 220,000 white Rhodesians will enjoy privileges over nearly four million black Rhodesians. Harold Wilson told a packed and solemn House of Commons the Labour Government would not be sending troops to deal with the crisis. Instead he announced a full-range of sanctions including ceasing all British aid to and preferential treatment for Rhodesia, banning the import of Rhodesian tobacco and recalling the British High Commissioner. Both Rhodesian opposition parties - the Zimbabwe African National Union (Zanu) and the Zimbabwe African People's Union (Zapu) have declared breakaway governments. They have both called upon the British Government to use force to suspend the Smith Government. Zanu has also petitioned the United Nations and the Organisation of African Unity for assistance. Zapu National Treasurer Jason Mayo gave a statement before leaving London - where he has been in exile - to set up his rival government in Lusaka, Zambia. "Treason and rebellion have been committed. The lives particularly of four million unarmed Africans are in jeopardy," he said. The Kenyan Government has offered support to "our African brothers in Southern Rhodesia", but did not refer specifically to Zanu or Zapu.


In the 2001 film Black Hawk Down what is the Black Hawk?

Black Hawk Down (2001) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error 160 elite U.S. soldiers drop into Somalia to capture two top lieutenants of a renegade warlord and find themselves in a desperate battle with a large force of heavily-armed Somalis. Director: From $9.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 39 titles created 03 Sep 2011 a list of 23 titles created 18 Mar 2013 a list of 35 titles created 12 Jun 2013 a list of 23 titles created 08 Jan 2014 a list of 35 titles created 5 months ago Title: Black Hawk Down (2001) 7.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     2     Oscars. Another    8 wins & 37 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A Russian and a German sniper play a game of cat-and-mouse during the Battle of Stalingrad. Director: Jean-Jacques Annaud A tale of war and romance mixed in with history. The story follows two lifelong friends and a beautiful nurse who are caught up in the in the horror of an infamous Sunday morning in 1941. Director: Michael Bay Balian of Ibelin travels to Jerusalem during the crusades of the 12th century, and there he finds himself as the defender of the city and its people. Director: Ridley Scott Peaceful farmer Benjamin Martin is driven to lead the Colonial Militia during the American Revolution when a sadistic British officer murders his son. Director: Roland Emmerich     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.6/10 X   Marcus Luttrell and his team set out on a mission to capture or kill notorious Taliban leader Ahmad Shah, in late June 2005. Marcus and his team are left to fight for their lives in one of the most valiant efforts of modern warfare. Director: Peter Berg The story of the first major battle of the American phase of the Vietnam War and the soldiers on both sides that fought it. Director: Randall Wallace An American military advisor embraces the Samurai culture he was hired to destroy after he is captured in battle. Director: Edward Zwick     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3/10 X   Navy S.E.A.L. sniper Chris Kyle's pinpoint accuracy saves countless lives on the battlefield and turns him into a legend. Back home to his wife and kids after four tours of duty, however, Chris finds that it is the war he can't leave behind. Director: Clint Eastwood A dramatization of the 20 July assassination and political coup plot by desperate renegade German Army officers against Hitler during World War II. Director: Bryan Singer In 12th century England, Robin and his band of marauders confront corruption in a local village and lead an uprising against the crown that will forever alter the balance of world power. Director: Ridley Scott During the Iraq War, a Sergeant recently assigned to an army bomb squad is put at odds with his squad mates due to his maverick way of handling his work. Director: Kathryn Bigelow A grizzled tank commander makes tough decisions as he and his crew fight their way across Germany in April, 1945. Director: David Ayer Edit Storyline Action/war drama based on the best-selling book detailing a near-disastrous mission in Somalia on October 3, 1993. On this date nearly 100 U.S. Army Rangers, commanded by Capt. Mike Steele, were dropped by helicopter deep into the capital city of Mogadishu to capture two top lieutenants of a Somali warlord. This led to a large and drawn-out firefight between the Army Ranges, US Special Forces, and hundreds of Somali gunmen; resulting in the destruction of two U.S. Black Hawk helicopters. The film focuses on the heroic efforts of various Rangers to get to the downed black hawks, centering on SSG. Eversmann, leading the Ranger unit Chalk Four to the first black hawk crash site, Chief Warrant Officer Durant who was captured after being the only survivor of the second black hawk crash, as well as many others who were involved. Written by Matthew Patay: revised by Co


Which actor was the puppet character from TV's Stingray said to have been modelled on?

Characters by Series - The World of Supermarionation The World of Supermarionation Merchandise The Characters This here is only the first page of the characters, it has to be seperated due to length.  Page 2  | Page 3 This list is currently incomplete due to lack of information i've been able to find on certain characters. If anyone could please give me a little help on in depth details of certain characters from the missing series please contact me at bladez636@yahoo.com and I will add it to the list. I have none of the Books on Gerry Anderson with bigraphies of certain characters so I am unable to get any details on them. "Supercar" Included here are pictures of the characters in color to give you a good idea of what the color scheme of the character was meant to be. These pictures were colored by bart12345 and masterstarfox posted with their kind permission, along with a few colorized pictures of my own. Mike Mercury Michael Mercury Jr. (born November 22, 1930 in Lincoln, Nebraska) is the heroic Chief Test Pilot of Supercar. Mike loved flying from a very early age and had ample opportunity to study aircraft as his father was a pilot in the United States Air Force. Unfortunately, Mercury Senior was killed in the war and Mike's mother died soon afterwards in a car crash. To try and get over his loss, young Mike enlisted in the Air Force and attempted to put the tragedy behind him. He rose swiftly through the ranks becoming noted for his fearless flying and his daring exploits. During the 1950's he transferred to the fledgling Space Program and trained hard but he felt there was something missing. A meeting with a certain Professor Popkiss and Dr. Beaker in 1958 at the Air Force Base where he was stationed led to Mike resigning and joining the two scientists at their Nevada laboratory where he helped in the final stages of the design and construction of Supercar. Now he felt he would be able to help to do something to help people in trouble. In the little spare time that he has, he keeps up his interest in flying and tutors Jimmy Gibson. Mike’s puppet is later re-used for use in “Fireball XL5” in the episode “A Day in the Life of a Space General” as the mailman. The puppet is obscured behind a window, though can be positively identified by the length of the head. “Big Bang Comics” character Mike Merlin is named in honor of Mike Mercury. Mike’s voice was provided by Canadian actor Graydon Gould. Gould was born in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada in 1937. When he enrolled in an English drama school in 1957, his tutor immediately tried to eliminate his Canadian accent. He left the school within weeks. "I was determined to make out as a Canadian," he said. Gould is noted for his role of Chief Ranger George Keeley in the Canadian CBC/ITC children’s adventure TV series, “The Forest Rangers”. Gould also had small bit roles in notable films; in “Déjà vu” (1997) as Dana’s Father and “Mission Impossible” (1996) as Public Official. Professor Popkiss Professor Rudolph Popkiss (born October 30, 1902 in Budapest, Hungary) is the scientist team along with Dr. Beaker who created Supercar. Although Professor Popkiss was born in Hungary, he is actually Swiss, his parents moved to Appenzell near the Austro-Swiss border when he was only a year old; it was there that his sister Heidi was born. In his youth he helped out a clockmaker by the name of Curt Gestler who taught him about delicate machinery. In 1931, he graduated from Geneva University with degrees in Electronics, Aviation and Rocketry and set up his own research complex. So dedicated was he to his work he never married or seemed to have a life away from his lab. Unfortunately, due to lack of funding he had to shut down his laboratory, and in 1929 he went to the USA to build a new laboratory in the Nevada Desert at Black Rock. The US Government consulted him frequently and he was able to help them in the war effort, although he refused to help out with the Manhattan Project (to build an H bomb). After the war he started to teach at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)


Former FBI director W Mark Felt revealed himself in 2005 to be what codenamed whistleblower?

USATODAY.com - 'Deep Throat' was ultimate whistleblower to some 'Deep Throat' was ultimate whistleblower to some By Susan Page and Mark Memmott, USA TODAY WASHINGTON  For a generation, the political scandal that ousted a president and roiled the capital had a mystery at its center: Who was "Deep Throat"? Reporters Bob Woodward, right, and Carl Bernstein used information from Felt in their reporting of Watergate, for which they  won a Pulitzer Prize. 1973 AP photo Now the anonymous source who provided corroboration and encouragement to the reporters pursuing the Watergate story against the odds has been identified. The Washington Post confirmed late Tuesday that W. Mark Felt, then the No. 2 official at the FBI, was their source. The Post's announcement followed release of a story in the July issue of Vanity Fair magazine that reported Felt's role. Outside their home in Santa Rosa, Calif., Felt's daughter Joan called her father "a great American patriot." Grandson Nick Jones said he was a "hero who went well above and beyond the call of duty at much risk to himself to save his country from a horrible injustice." Some Nixon partisans disagreed. "I don't think Deep Throat was a hero," said Leonard Garment, who was domestic policy adviser for Nixon and later became his White House counsel. "My loyalties were somewhere else. I was the president's lawyer and for all his faults and difficulties, he did many good things. I don't think someone who contributed to his destruction was a hero." Former Nixon aide Charles Colson said Felt "didn't handle this heroically." Given his position, Felt should have gone to the FBI director and demanded action, he said. If that didn't work, "he could have resigned in protest and blown the whole thing wide open." Colson called it "inconceivable to me that a man of his caliber would be slinking around in dark alleys at night" to meet with Post reporter Bob Woodward. But others see Felt as the ultimate whistleblower, a man who saw wrongdoing and exposed it at risk to his own career. "I don't know Mr. Felt's motives," said Orville Schell, dean of the journalism school at the University of California at Berkeley. "But I do know that what he revealed was of incomparable consequence to the nation. Indeed, it toppled a president." Felt "did something truthful," Schell said. "In that act, he has to be commended." At the time, the Nixon White House and the FBI were warring. Legendary Director J. Edgar Hoover had died just six weeks before the June 1972 break-in at Democratic Party offices in Washington's Watergate hotel-office complex. FBI long-timers, including Felt, hoped one of their own would be promoted to replace him. Felt thought it might even be him. But Nixon named assistant attorney general L. Patrick Gray as interim director. The White House also tried to undermine and mislead the agency as it investigated the break-in. That's one reason James Mann, an investigative reporter and author, wrote in an article in The Atlantic in 1992 that Deep Throat was probably Felt or some other ranking FBI official. Mann said Tuesday that the Watergate story couldn't be fully understood until the source's identity was known for sure. On Tuesday, it finally was. Over the years, Felt repeatedly denied being Deep Throat. The Post staffers who knew — Carl Bernstein and Woodward and their editor, Ben Bradlee — had promised not to identify their source until his death. There was no lack of speculation. In 2003, students at the University of Illinois concluded after a four-year project that former White House counsel Fred Fielding was most likely Deep Throat, a conclusion Fielding denied. Bill Gaines, the professor who directed the study, said Tuesday that "we have to accept" that they were wrong "because Woodward says so, and he's the only person who really knows." Even Felt's family didn't know his secret until 2002, when he reluctantly confided in his daughter, Joan. Later, Felt discussed it with a San Francisco lawyer, John D. O'Connor. According to the story O'Connor wrote in Vanity Fair, Felt's family encour


What traditionally represents a fifth year wedding anniversary?

5th Anniversary Celebration Suggestions - Ideas & Symbols Share By Sheri Stritof Wood, representing strength and a solidified relationship, and silverware, representing connectedness, are the traditional and modern gifts associated with your fifth wedding anniversary. Here are more gift and celebration ideas for your fifth anniversary. 5th Anniversary Traditional Gift: Wood. The strength of your marriage bond is represented by the traditional gift of wood for your 5th anniversary. Wood is strong and long-lasting. 5th Anniversary Contemporary/Modern Gift: Silverware. The modern gift of silverware is a reminder of the connection the two of you formed as you shared meals with each other and your children. 5th Anniversary Gemstone: Daisy. In the language of flowers, daisies represent innocence, loyal love, I'll never tell, and purity. Ways to Celebrate Your 5th Anniversary: Plant a tree together. You can plant one in your yard, or at a park, school, or church. An oak tree represent solidity. A pine tree represents the evergreen character of your love for one another. A flaming red maple represents the flaming passion you have for each other. A flowering crab tree represents love eternal. continue reading below our video 5th Wedding Anniversary Gift Suggestions Toast one another with hope that your love continues to grow and prosper like the trees around you. Purchase tickets to a show, movie, sports event, concert, theatre, etc. to attend together. Gift Suggestions to Purchase for Your 5th Anniversary: Purchase a framed share of stock in a major company that has meaning to the both of you. Wooden baskets.


In physics what single word term normally represents 'rate of change of position'?

Position, Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration as Vectors About Watch and Favorite Watch Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. Favorite Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the “My Resources” tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you’re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. Position, Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration as Vectors Position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration can all be shown vectors since they are defined in terms of a magnitude and a direction. Learning Objective Examine the applications of vectors in analyzing physical quantities Key Points Vectors are arrows consisting of a magnitude and a direction. They are used in physics to represent physical quantities that also have both magnitude and direction. Displacement is a physics term meaning the distance of an object from a reference point. Since the displacement contains two pieces of information: the distance from the reference point and the direction away from the point, it is well represented by a vector. Velocity is defined as the rate of change in time of the displacement. To know the velocity of an object one must know both how fast the displacement is changing and in what direction. Therefore it is also well represented by a vector. Acceleration , being the rate of change of velocity also requires both a magnitude and a direction relative to some coordinates . When drawing vectors, you often do not have enough space to draw them to the scale they are representing, so it is important to denote somewhere what scale they are being drawn at. Terms The rate of change of displacement with respect to change in time. Example Figure 1 shows an example of how to use a vector to visually represent an object in physics. Full Text Use of Vectors Vectors can be used to represent physical quantities. Most commonly in physics, vectors are used to represent displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Vectors are a combination of magnitude and direction, and are drawn as arrows. The length represents the magnitude and the direction of that quantity is the direction in which the vector is pointing. Because vectors are constructed this way, it is helpful to analyze physical quantities (with both size and direction) as vectors. Applications In physics, vectors are useful because they can visually represent position , displacement, velocity and acceleration. When drawing vectors, you often do not have enough space to draw them to the scale they are representing, so it is important to denote somewhere what scale they are being drawn at. For example, when drawing a vector that represents a magnitude of 100, one may draw a line that is 5 units long at a scale of $\displaystyle \frac{1}{20}$ . When the inverse of the scale is multiplied by the drawn magnitude, it should equal the actual magnitude. Position and Displacement Displacement is defined as the distance, in any direction, of an object relative to the position of another object. Physicists use the concept of a position vector as a graphical tool to visualize displacements. A position vector expresses the position of an object from the origin of a coordinate system. A position vector can also be used to show the position of an object in relation to a reference point, secondary object or initial position (if analyzing how far the object has moved from its original location). The position vector is a straight line drawn from the arbitrary origin to the object. Once drawn, the vector has a length and a direction relative to the coordinate system used. Velocity Velocity is also defined in terms of a magnitude and direction. To say that something is gaining or losing velocity one must also say how much and in what direction. For example, an airplane flying at 200 $\frac{km}{h}$ to the northeast can be represented by an vector pointing in the northeast direction with a magnitude of 200 $\frac{km}{h}$ . In drawing the vector, the magnit


What is the name of the blue rose unveiled by Japanese company Suntory in October 2009?

Suntory | News Release | Introducing SUNTORY blue rose APPLAUSE No.10592   October 20, 2009 Introducing "SUNTORY blue rose APPLAUSE" World's First* Blue Roses Available at Last Suntory Flowers Limited (Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo) is delighted to announce the availability of "SUNTORY blue rose APPLAUSE", the world's first roses with nearly 100% blue pigment in the petals. The roses will be sold starting November 3rd in Greater Tokyo, the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area, and Aichi Prefecture. *With petals containing nearly 100% blue pigment "SUNTORY blue rose APPLAUSE" represents successful joint development by Suntory Holdings Limited and Florigene, an Australia-based Suntory Group subsidiary. Never before have roses with nearly 100% blue pigment in the petals been grown anywhere in the world. Unlike familiar roses, "SUNTORY blue rose APPLAUSE" have a bluish tinge reminiscent of the sky just after dawn and an elegant, alluring, fresh fragrance. With a coloring and fragrance all their own, the roses create an exquisite ambiance. Given to important people in one's life just when years of pursuing a dream have come to joyful fruition, or when proposing marriage, commemorating wedding anniversaries, celebrating birthdays, or on other special occasions, the roses will make a memorable gift. Inspiration for the Name The name APPLAUSE was chosen as a token of congratulations to those who have fulfilled a dream or encouragement to those working diligently toward this goal, in a variety of situations. In Japanese, APPLAUSE rhymes with rose. Significance: A Dream Fulfilled Long believed to be impossible, blue roses represent success after persistent hard work. May the roses serve as an affirmation that one's dreams will surely be fulfilled if one keeps working toward them. Development of Blue Rose Roses have been cultivated for many years, and tens of thousands of new varieties have been developed including red, white, pink, and yellow roses. But because roses lack the blue pigment delphinidin, elusive blue roses became synonymous with the impossible. At last, Suntory Holdings and Florigene, involved in joint biotechnology research since 1990, introduced a blue gene from pansies into roses, and in 2004, the team announced successful development of blue roses. By 2008, approval under the Cartagena Law (specifically, the Law Concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity Through Regulations on the Use of Living Modified Organisms) was obtained, paving the way to prepare for production, distribution, and sales. The launch this year therefore represents the culmination of nearly two decades since the beginning of research efforts. Looking ahead, Suntory and Florigene will continue joint R&D on blue roses, in pursuit of goals that may be equally challenging and satisfying.


Who produced, directed and narrated the best film Oscar winning 1952 movie The Greatest Show On Earth?

The Greatest Show on Earth (1952) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Greatest Show on Earth ( 1952 ) Not Rated | The dramatic lives of trapeze artists, a clown, and an elephant trainer are told against a background of circus spectacle. Director: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 25 titles created 14 Jun 2011 a list of 22 titles created 01 Aug 2011 a list of 45 titles created 16 Dec 2011 a list of 42 titles created 14 Dec 2014 a list of 29 titles created 20 Feb 2015 Title: The Greatest Show on Earth (1952) 6.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     2     Oscars. Another    4 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards  » Photos A Victorian Englishman bets that with the new steamships and railways he can circumnavigate the globe in eighty days. Directors: Michael Anderson, John Farrow Stars: David Niven, Cantinflas, Finlay Currie At the turn of the century in a Welsh mining village, the Morgans, he stern, she gentle, raise coal-mining sons and hope their youngest will find a better life. Director: John Ford Young Oliver Twist runs away from an orphanage and meets a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. Director: Carol Reed A misogynistic and snobbish phonetics professor agrees to a wager that he can take a flower girl and make her presentable in high society. Director: George Cukor Edit Storyline To ensure a full profitable season, circus manager Brad Braden engages The Great Sebastian, though this moves his girlfriend Holly from her hard-won center trapeze spot. Holly and Sebastian begin a dangerous one-upmanship duel in the ring, while he pursues her on the ground. Subplots involve the secret past of Buttons the Clown and the efforts of racketeers to move in on the game concessions. Let the show begin! Written by Rod Crawford <puffinus@u.washington.edu> Academy Award winner "Best Picture"! See more  » Genres: May 1952 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Cecil B. DeMille's The Greatest Show on Earth See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The first movie that Steven Spielberg ever saw. His father took him to the theater, promising him a trip to the circus. He was six years old at the time. See more » Goofs The Walt Disney characters are seen getting their costume heads prior to the parade. When the characters are seen on parade inside the tent, they are in different costumes to what they were wearing when they got the heads. See more » Quotes [while Sebastian was speaking, romantically to Holly, Ruth, an elephant, was directed by Angel to pick up and take Holly away, from Sebastian, to Brad] Sebastian : [Sebastian, speaking French] Qu'est-ce qu'al y a? Holly : Let me go. Sebastian. Angel : Never try to take anything from an elephant. Holly : Sebastian, do something! Sebastian : A lion I fight for you, a tiger! But the red-headed wildcat with an elephant, no. [then he chuckled, with a big grin] Holly : You make this two-tailed jackass put me down. [...] O Come All Ye Faithful (Adeste Fideles) (ca 1743) (uncredited) Music attributed to John Reading (16??) Played during the parade around the rings "Ladies and Gentlemen and Children of All Ages.........." 18 September 2005 | by bkoganbing (Buffalo, New York) – See all my reviews The Greatest Show on Earth is a Cecil B. DeMille extravaganza, maybe the best one he ever produced and directed. Unlike his religious films or his historical films, this film is a nice tribute to an American institution, the Ringling Brothers&Barnum&Bailey Circus and as such it does not attract


The Order of the British Empire was founded by which monarch?

English Kings and Queens Timeline | Britroyals 757 - Offa seizes the Kingdom Mercia after the murder of his cousin Aethelbald. 776 - Defeats the men of Kent at Otford 779 - Offa defeats Cynewulf of Wessex at Bensington in Oxfordshire. 784 - Offa defeats the Welsh. Around this time work on Offa's Dyke is started marking the border with Wales. 785 - Egbert son of Eahmund of Kent flees to Wessex and then to exile in the Frankish court of Charlemagne 787 - 1st recorded Viking raids on England 789 - Beorhtric of Wessex marries Offa's daughter Eadburgh 792 - Aethelred king of Northumbria marries Offa's daughter Aelfflaed 793 - St Albans Abbey founded. Offa annexes East Anglia and joins it to the kingdom of Mercia 793 - Vikings raid the Christian monastery on Lindisfarne 795 - Vikings raid the monastery on Iona in Scotland 796 - Offa's dyke is completed. The death of Offa marks the end of Mercian supremacy in England. His son Ecgfrith reigns for less than 6 months 800 - Around this time the Book of Kells is written in Ireland 802 - Death of King Beorthric of Wessex 802 - Egbert returns from exile in Charlemagne and becomes King of Wessex 825 - King Egbert of Wessex wins a decisive victory over King Beornwulf of Mercia at Ellendun. Wessex becomes the dominant kingdom. 827 - Following his conquest of Mercia, Egbert controls all of England south of the Humber 829 - Egbert defeats the Northumbrian king at Dore near Sheffield 830 - Wiglif of Mercia revolts against Wessex rule 830 - Egbert subdues North Wales. He is recognized as overlord of other English kings 836 - Egbert is defeated by the Danes at Carhampton in Somerset 838 - Defeats Vikings and Cornish at Hingston Down in Cornwall 839 - Death of Egbert. He is succeeded by his son Aethelwulf 839 - Aethelwulf succeeds his father Egbert as King of Wessex 841 - Vikings raid Kent and East Anglia, and establish a settlement at Dublin 842 - Many die in London and Rochester during Viking raids 844 - Kenneth MacAlpine, King of the Scots, conquers the Picts; founds a unified Scotland 845 - Vikings are defeated by a Saxon force at the River Parrett 851 - Vikings forces enter Thames estuary and march on Canterbury 855 - Aethelwulf goes on a pilgrimage to Rome accompanied by his son Alfred 858 - Aethelwulf returns but finds his son Aethelbald has taken control of Wessex 858 - Aethelwulf dies at Steyning in Sussex. His son Aelthelbald becomes king. 858 - Aethelbald marries his father's widow Judith 860 - Vikings land on Iceland 860 - Aehelbald dies and his brother Aethelbert become king. 860 - Aethelbert becomes King of Wessex following the death of his brother Aethelbald 860 - Winchester sacked by the Danes 865 - The Viking 'Great Heathen Army' commanded by Halfdan and Ivar the Boneless lands in East Anglia and sweeps across England 866 - Vikings take York (Jorvik) and establish a North British Kingdom 866 - Aethelred becomes king on the death of his brother Aethelbert 869 - Edmund King of East Anglia resists the Vikings and is killed 870 - Aethelred defeated by the Danes (Vikings) at Reading 871 - Aethelred and his brother Alfred defeat the Danes at Ashdown 871 - Battle of Meretun, Hampshire. Aethelred is mortally wounded and dies. 871 - Alfred becomes King of Wessex following the death of his brother Aethelred 872 - London falls to Viking raiders 875 - After persistent attacks by Vikings the monks of Lindesfarne travel through Northumbria and Galloway with the Lindesfarne Gospels. 878 - Guthrum's Danish army invades Wessex, and Alfred takes refuge on the isle of Athelney. Alfred defeats Guthrum at the battle of Ethandune (Edington) in Wiltshire. 878 - Treaty of Wedmore divides England into two. Guthrum accepts baptism as a Christian and agrees to leave Wessex and settle in East Anglia. 884 - Alfred defeats the Danes at Rochester 885 - Alfred imposes rules on South Wales 886 - Alfred takes London from the Danes. Danelaw - the territory occupied by the Danes in East Anglia is recognised by Alfred 890 - Guthrum dies. Alfred establishes a permanent army and navy 891 - Anglo Saxon Chronicle,


In the human body what is the common name for hemicrania?

Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania Author: Manish K Singh, MD; more... Share Overview Background Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH), also known as Sjaastad syndrome, was first described in 1974, by Sjaastad and Dale. [ 1 ] In 1976, the term CPH was proposed by Sjaastad on the basis of the first 2 patients, who had daily (ie, chronic), solitary, limited attacks (ie, paroxysmal) of unilateral headache that did not shift sides (ie, hemicrania). [ 2 ] CPH, which has been included in the International Headache Society (IHS) classification system since 1988, is much less common than cluster headache (CH). [ 3 ] (See Presentation.) The short-lasting primary headache syndromes may be divided into (1) headaches with autonomic activation and (2) headaches without autonomic activation. Headaches with autonomic activation include chronic and episodic paroxysmal hemicrania, CH, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT syndrome). (See Etiology and DDx.) Diagnostic criteria IHS diagnostic criteria for CPH include the following (see Presentation, Workup, Treatment, and Medication) [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] : At least 50 attacks fulfilling the criteria mentioned in the bullet points below Attacks of severe, unilateral orbital, supraorbital, and/or temporal pain, always on the same side, lasting 2-45 minutes Attack frequency of more than 5 per day for more than half of the time (periods with lower frequency may occur) Pain associated with at least 1 of the following signs/symptoms on the symptomatic side: (1) conjunctival injection, (2) lacrimation, (3) nasal congestion, (4) rhinorrhea, (5) ptosis, and (6) eyelid edema Absolute effectiveness of indomethacin (150mg daily or less) At least 1 of the following: (1) history, physical, and neurologic examination findings do not suggest any of several disorders that include organic headaches, headaches associated with drug withdrawal, metabolic disorders, and other conditions; (2) history and/or physical and/or neurologic examination findings do suggest such a disorder, but it is ruled out by appropriate investigations; (3) such a disorder is present, but CPH does not occur for the first time in close relation to the disorder Chronic versus nonchronic CPH may be present in nonchronic or chronic form, although the chronic type is 4 times more common. Nonchronic attacks are similar to chronic ones but may be less severe and less frequent. (See Prognosis.) Before the development of chronic symptoms, many patients (42%) pass through a nonchronic stage, with attacks separated by intervals of complete remission. The term pre-CPH stage or prechronic was preferred initially on the basis of the assumption that all patients would develop chronic symptoms. However, approximately 20% of patients appear to remain in the nonchronic stage for long periods. Dividing CPH into unremitting and remitting forms may be appropriate. The unremitting form is the chronic form, which either is unremitting from the onset or evolves from the remitting form Next: Etiology The mechanisms responsible for pain in CPH remain unknown. The past medical history in patients with CPH is usually unremarkable. A history of head or neck trauma is reported in about 20% of cases, but these findings are similar to those for CH or migraine. Occasionally, attacks may be provoked mechanically by bending or rotating the head and by applying external pressure against the transverse processes of C4-C5, C2 root, or the greater occipital nerve. No familial disposition is known for CPH; families of affected individuals do not have higher incidences of CH or migraine than does the general population. Discussion of important features, such as intense, unilateral headache; autonomic abnormalities; and effectiveness of indomethacin, may help in understanding the pathogenesis. [ 7 ] Trigeminal, sympathetic, and parasympathetic involvement The release of trigeminal and parasympathetic neuropeptides during headache has been described. [ 8 ] Activatio


Which Beatle was first to become a grandfather?

97 Fab Facts about the Beatles Beatles As of 2012, the Beatles have sold over 2 billion albums.a The total number of Beatles albums sold on iTunes as of July 2012 is 585,000. The total amount of their iTunes singles is 2.8 million.a John Lennon started a band in 1957 called the Quarry Men and later asked Paul McCartney to join. Paul brought in George Harrison, and later Ringo Starr would replace Peter Best as drummer. The band changed its name a few times, which included the names Johnny and the Moondogs, The Rainbows, and British Everly Brothers.d The band went through several name changes No one is quite sure where the name “Beatles” originated, though the most likely story is that John Lennon liked the name The Crickets after Buddy Holly’s band. Early band member Stuart Sutcliff suggested “Beetles,” and they were for some time known as The Silver Beetles or, occasionally, Long John and the Silver Beatles before becoming the Beatles. The Beetles were also a rival gang in Marlon Brando’s movie The Wild One, which may have also been an influence. John Lennon is usually credited with changing the spelling to “Beatles” to reflect Beat music and the Beat generation.d The Beatles have spent a record 1,278 weeks on the Billboard chart.a The Beatles have spent 175 weeks at number one on the charts.a The Beatles album with the longest consecutive time spent at number one is their debut album Please Please Me at 30 weeks.k The Beatles are the only band in history to have a “double whammy” when they knocked the Rolling Stones off the top spot in both the singles and album charts on July 23, 1964.i The Beatles are the only band to twice knock itself off the top of the chart.n The Beatles’ first-ever album to debut at number one was Help!n The Beatles’ first single in 1962 was “Love Me Do.” In 2012, the song became Public Domain in Europe. k The Beatles’ last live performance was in 1966 at Candlestick Park, San Francisco.k The Beatles song “Dear Prudence” was written for Mia Farrow’s sister, Prudence Farrow. John Lennon thought she spent too much time meditating and encouraged her through the song to “come out and play.”i The only George Harrison song to be played live by the Beatles was “If I Needed Someone,” which they played on their 1966 tour.n All four Beatles contracted gonorrhea in Hamburg early in their career.i The Beatles’ longest single, at 7 minutes and 15 seconds, is “Hey Jude.” It was also their first to be issued on the Apple label.d The first Beatle to become a grandfather was Ringo, with the birth of his granddaughter Tatia Jayne in 1985.k John Lennon said the only true songs he ever wrote were “Help!” and “Strawberry Fields Forever.” He says they were the only songs he wrote from experience and not by projecting himself into a situation and “writing a nice little story about it.”d Charles Manson claimed that there were hidden meanings in the Beatles hit “Helter Skelter.” He believed the group was imparting a secret message heralding Armageddon.n “Julia” was the only Beatles song John Lennon performed without assistance from the other band members. “Blackbird” was the only song sung alone by Paul when he was part of the Beatles.i "Blue Jay Way" was released in 1967 George Harrison’s song “Blue Jay Way” has led to the repeated theft of that street sign in Los Angeles. The song was written at a house on Blue Jay Way in the Hollywood Hills.i The last album recorded by the Beatles was Abbey Road. The last album released was Let It Be.h Frank Sinatra described the Beatles song “Something” as the greatest love song ever written.i Mae West initially refused to have her image on the cover of the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, but changed her mind after receiving a personal letter from the band. Other famous women on the cover include Marilyn Monroe and Shirley Temple.k The Beatles had seven consecutive number one hit albums, just behind Abba and Led Zeppelin, who each had eight.k The first time the term “Beatlemania” appeared in print was in a 1963 review by the Daily Mirror.m In “Hey Jude,” Paul McCartne


Strawberry variety Elsanta - Beeren Plantproducts Strawberry variety Elsanta Elsanta: one of the most cultivated varieties Elsanta is a very firm strawberry variety with a good shelf life. The high production, firmness and long shelf life of the fruit make Elsanta extremely suitable for both the grower and the trade. The large fruits have a good flavour with a strong strawberry aroma. Elsanta is grown in large parts of Europe and on a large scale. Fruit quality Elsanta has a good flavour and strong strawberry aroma. The fruits are firm and conical with a shiny, red colour. The fruit is red inside, but the core remains white. The crown is firmly attached to the fruit. Elsanta's fruit has a strong skin which makes it more insensitive to damage due to pressure, thus very suitable for eating fresh. Flowering and harvest periods Elsanta is characterised by its robust, wide fruit with long sturdy inflorescences. Elsanta produces fairly large flowers. The stamens of the first flowers are often somewhat weaker. The other flowers often have fair to well developed stamens. Elsanta's ripening period is of an average length. When continuously cultivated, Elsanta ripens an average of two days earlier than Sonata. If grown in the field, Elsanta is usually one or two days earlier than Sonata. In a 60-day culture, the harvest is more concentrated than that of Sonata, whereby the fruits are soon smaller. Productivity Elsanta's yield is high to very high and can be compared with Sonata's. The fruits are easy to pick because they are robust and the plants have long sturdy inflorescences. The small sepals are characteristic. The percentage of deformed fruits is higher than that for Sonata, especially if grown in early spring. The class I share for Sonata is also higher than that for Elsanta. Susceptibility to disease Elsanta is susceptible to the following diseases:   - wilt (Verticillium dahliae)


What was the submarine developed by US engineer Robert Fulton in 1803?

Robert Fulton Search Robert Fulton American engineer and inventor Robert Fulton designed the first commercially successful steamboat in America in 1807, becoming a major source of transportation on rivers and resulting in a significant reduction in inland shipping costs. Share ASME getmedia/8aae915b-db8e-4f30-90ad-b6e3eaa458fb/Robert_Fulton-Transportation-60th.jpg.aspx?width=60&height=60&ext=.jpg Overcoming several failures early in his career, American engineer and inventor Robert Fulton (1765 – 1815) is credited with developing the first successful commercial steamboat in the early 1800s. Fulton was born near Lancaster, PA, on November 14, 1765. At an early age, he was known to enjoy building mechanical devices. Some legends say he built roman candles, rockets, and a hand-propelled paddle wheelboat. As a teenager, his interests turned to art and at the age of 18 he moved to Philadelphia, where he was able to support himself through sales of portraits and technical drawings. At the age of 21, Fulton traveled to London to study painting with family friend Benjamin West , who was one of the leading American painters living in England. Fulton met with limited success as a painter and the public's response to his work was disappointing. During this period, England was in the midst of its industrial revolution and Fulton was impressed with the many engineering feats that were being accomplished, particularly in the areas of canals, mines, bridges, roads and factories. Still living in England, he focused his creativity on current engineering challenges and became involved in a project to design a canal system to replace the conventional locks that were in use at the time. He was granted an English patent in 1794 for his first invention ― a double inclined plane system for hauling canal boats over difficult terrain. He later developed plans for cast iron aqueducts and invented a mechanical dredge to speed the construction of canals. His work with inland waterways culminated in a publication in 1796, entitled Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation. Robert Fulton's Nautilus In 1797, he traveled to Paris to continue his research on canal construction, but soon became intrigued with the idea of building "plunging boat," a precursor to the modern submarine. Fulton sought funding for the project from the French government, which was at war with England, proposing to build a submarine-like ship that could be used to place powder mines on the bottom of British warships, somewhat like a torpedo. The French agreed, and Fulton launched the first submarine, the Nautilus , at Rouen, France. Although the ship performed well during testing, it wasn't fast enough to engage the nimble sloops of the British navy and the program was scrapped. He later tested several military inventions for the British government but met with limited success as well. Seemingly undaunted by these failures, Fulton refocused his engineering creativity on the use of steam power. While in Paris, Fulton met Robert Livingston, the American foreign minister to France who also owned a twenty-year monopoly on steam navigation in New York state. After listening to Fulton's ideas for a steam powered ship, Livingston agreed to a business partnership in 1802 that would provide Fulton with the resources necessary to build his ship. One year later, they launched a modest steam-powered boat on the Seine river that was based on the design of fellow American John Fitch, who seven years earlier had demonstrated his steamboat on the Delaware River at Philadelphia, but was unable to make it a commercial success. While Fulton's steamship on the Seine River traveled at only 3 mph, he proved the technology could work with some modifications. In 1803, Fulton returned to New York to refine his steamship designs which were based on the paddle wheel for propulsion. After overcoming British export laws, he acquired a steam engine from an English company owned by James Watt , who received a patent for a powerful steam engine the same year Fulton was born. After four years of developme


Who captained the 2009 England women's cricket team?

Best team: England women's cricket | Sport | The Guardian 2009 in review Best team: England women's cricket They were the side that couldn't win a game. Now, thanks to an inspiring captain and the world's top-ranked batter and bowler, our cricketers are the all-conquering team that everyone fears England Women's Cricket Team, including Charlotte Edwards (centre) and, to her left and right, Katherine Brunt and Mark Lane. Photograph: Suki Dhanda Justin Irwin Saturday 14 November 2009 19.06 EST First published on Saturday 14 November 2009 19.06 EST Share on Messenger Close If you'd have said that I'd become a double world champion and an Ashes winner I probably wouldn't have believed you," reflects Charlotte Edwards. "I still have to pinch myself to believe what we've achieved." As her team gathers at the ECB National Cricket Centre at Loughborough University to prepare for their winter tour to the West Indies, the England captain can look back at a phenomenal year. The side's dominance is unparalleled in cricket, and rare in any sport – holding both major limited-over trophies (both 50-over and Twenty20) and the Ashes is something no men's side – even Australia – has achieved. Massive investment in the sport since 2005 has paid off. During the 90s, England had failed to win a one-day series against a major side for nearly a decade. Now, 16 years since their last World Cup final, England has a team which, under the astute leadership of Edwards, has changed cricket for ever – illustrated in April this year when the world's leading batter, Claire Taylor, was the first woman named as one of Wisden's Five Cricketers of the Year. (Taylor is absent from the photograph on a six-month sabbatical.) "She's been such a good senior player," says Edwards, who was appointed an MBE in June. "She does everything the right way, and really is good for our younger girls to learn from; hopefully I do the same." Two players do not make a cricket team, however, and the player of the match in the Twenty20 final defeat of New Zealand at Lord's was 24-year-old Katherine Brunt. "I was struggling to find some rhythm," recalls the pace bowler from Yorkshire, who, by her own admission, did not have a great tournament en route to the final. "Then my coach took me to the Nursery Ground on the morning of the game, and I just clicked. I got my swing back." Four overs at 70mph later (on a par with Paul Collingwood), she had taken 3 for 6. England cruised to victory, Taylor hitting the winning runs with six wickets and three overs in hand. New Zealand were also the opposition in the 50-over final in March, and on that occasion the honour of securing victory had been left to one of the youngest players, Holly Colvin. The first-year Durham University student recalls the clip off her legs with fondness: "That's definitely got to be the highlight of my career so far. It wasn't hitting the winning runs that was the best bit; it was everyone coming onto the pitch, ecstatic, in tears." Still only 20, Colvin remains the youngest-ever English Test player, and is currently the world's number one ranked bowler. She and Brunt are becoming familiar with fame. Success breeds attention, and interest in the game has grown exponentially. Research released by the ECB last year showed a 45% increase in participation in women's and girls' cricket, and England coach Mark Lane points out that more of the team come from state schools than private. Lane is ensuring his charges keep their feet on the ground. He is keen to talk about the future, makes a point of praising cricket's administrators, and highlights the 50-over series against Australia in the summer as the biggest challenge of 2009. This first-ever series defeat of the Aussies was truly emphatic – 4-0 with one washout – and the Ashes were retained days later in a one-off Test. The players' approach is consistent and impressive. This is a team with a superb work ethic, and there's every reason to suggest that England could now continue to dominate the sport for several years. It will be impossible to outdo this year, but,


The Buddy Holly song That'll Be the Day is said to have been inspired by what John Wayne film?

“That’ll Be the Day” Buddy Holly and John Wayne | Western Classic Movies “That’ll Be the Day” Buddy Holly and John Wayne by wcm / Monday, 15 October 2012 / Published in Blog , People So what’s the connection between Buddy Holly’s rock-and-roll hit song “That’ll be the Day” and John Wayne?  One inspired the other.   The phrase “That’ll be the day” was first used by John Wayne in the classic western “The Searchers.” His character, Ethan Edwards always used the phrase when another person in the movie said something that Wayne’s character didn’t believe would happen.   According to legend, Buddy Holly and his friend and band-mate Jerry Allison saw the movie “The Searchers” and heard John Wayne use the phrase throughout the film. One night, while Holly and Jerry were working together, Holly said to him that it sure would be great if they could write a hit song. Jerry replied “That’ll be the day.” Immediately inspired, they wrote the rock-and-roll song of the same name.   “That’ll be the day” was the first megahit recording for Buddy Holly and his band The Crickets. The song was released in July 1957, just over one year after the movie “The Searchers” was released in movie theatres.   The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame includes “That’ll be the Day” as one of the 500 songs that has most influenced Rock and Roll music. Moreover, Rolling Stone Magazine names this song as one of the 500 Greatest Songs of All time.   And the influence of John Wayne’s phrase on Rock and Roll history goes even further than Buddy Holly. There was an up-and-coming British band known as The Quarrymen who recorded a demonstration disc. The first song that they recorded for the disc was “That’ll be the Day” which was also reportedly the first song that band member John Lennon learned how to play on the guitar. The Quarrymen later became the mega-sensational band The Beatles. In honor of their history with this song, The Beatles made an official recording of “That’ll be the Day” in 1995 for their compilation album “ Anthology .”


Brocket | Define Brocket at Dictionary.com brocket noun 1. any of several small, red, South American deer of the genus Mazama, having short, unbranched antlers. 2. the male red deer in the second year, with the first growth of straight horns. Origin of brocket Anglo-French 1375-1425 1375-1425; late Middle English broket < Anglo-French broquet, equivalent to broque horn (Medieval Latin broca; see broach ) + -et -et Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for brocket Expand Historical Examples brocket showed them a place in the Hudson, about twenty miles above the city, where they could practice. Cord and Creese James de Mille I went over to brocket just now, and found the Palmerstons there. Cord and Creese James de Mille Brock, brocket, brockey; applied to a person heavily pock-marked. The Black Phantom Leo Edward Miller Among the numerous representations of deer in the Maya writings, there is but one that appears to show the brocket. Animal Figures in the Maya Codices Alfred M. Tozzer and Glover M. Allen The brocket's heart beats fast at the first note of the "tufters," and well it may. Katerfelto G. J. Whyte-Melville


Which playing card is known as the Curse of Scotland?

BBC - Scotland - The Curse of Scotland The Curse of Scotland By Paul Adams Why is the nine of diamonds referred to in card games as “The Curse of Scotland”? The nine of diamonds: just another ordinary playing card? Some of the most popular reasons relate to two of Scotland's most infamous massacres. The Battle of Culloden The first story goes that on the eve of the Battle of Culloden the Duke of Cumberland was playing cards with his senior staff. The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. You may wish to download the Adobe Flash player . A young officer arrived wanting to know the Duke's orders for the battle. The Duke allegedly ordered "no quarter" to the Jacobites. Fearing the bloodbath to come the young officer wisely asked for the order to be written down. In annoyance the Duke grabbed a playing card and wrote the order down. That card was supposed to be the nine of diamonds. A great story but unlikely to be true since the first mention of the Curse of Scotland dates back to 1708: 38 years before the battle. The Glencoe Massacre The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. You may wish to download the Adobe Flash player . The second story dates back to the ruthless massacre at Glencoe where Sir John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair, ordered the massacre of the Glencoe MacDonalds. The massacre caused an outcry across Britain and since the Stair coat of arms bears a striking resemblance to the nine of diamonds the card was forever to become known as the Curse of Scotland by association. Many other theories exist ranging from the theft of Mary Queen of Scots' diamonds to a card game where the nine of diamonds was called the Pope – for devout 18th century Presbyterians a curse indeed. As for the truth? The Routledge Dictionary of Historical Slang sums it up perfectly: “the various theories are as interesting as they are unconvincing”. Explanations for The Curse of Scotland elsewhere online


What is the tenth and final day of the Hindu festival of Navrati called?

WHAT IS NAVRATRI | Navratrimanchester Festival Navratrimanchester Festival #4 (no title) WHAT IS NAVRATRI Navratri is a Hindu festival of worship and dance. The word Navratri literally means nine nights in Sanskrit; Nava meaning Nine and Ratri meaning nights. During these nine nights and ten days, nine forms of shakti/Devi  i.e. female divinity are worshipped. The nine night’s festival of Navratri begins on the first day of Ashwina of the bright fortnight. The festival comes to an end on the tenth day of  Vjay Dashmi or Dussehra, when the idols of the Goddess Shakti are immersed in the river. Dussehra, meaning ‘ten days’, becomes dasara in popular parlance. The Navratri festival or ‘nine day festival’ becomes ‘ten day festival’ with the addition of the last day, Vijayadashami which is its culmination. On all these ten days, the various forms of Mother Mahisasura-mardini (Durga) are worshipped with fervour and devotion. The nine nights are dedicated to the three main goddesses of Hinduism – Parvati, Lakshmi and Saraswati. Navratri is separated into sets of three days. First three days of Navratri are dedicated to Goddess Durga, the Goddess of power and energy. Next three days of Navratri are dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi, the Goddess of wealth and prosperity. The final three days belong to Goddess Saraswati who is worshipped to acquire the spiritual knowledge. Goddess Durga is also worshipped under nine different names for the nine days in Navratri. Every day, she assumes a new character, a new look and a new duty. These nine forms of manifestation are Shailaputri, Brahmachartini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skandamaata, Kaatyayani, Kaalratri, Mahagauri and Siddhidaatri. For the initial six days Puja celebrations are limited to home. The celebrations acquire a festive form since the seventh day when the festivities of Navratri surround the atmosphere. Navratri is divided into sets of three days to adore three different aspects of the supreme goddess or goddesses. First three days The goddess is separated as a spiritual force called Durga also known as Kali in order to destroy all our impurities. First Day Puja The first form of Goddess Durga is called ‘Shailaputri’ . She is considered the daughter of the Himalayas. She is a form of Shakti, the consort of Lord Shiva. Second Day Puja The second form of Goddess Durga is known as ‘Brahmacharini’ . Her name is derivative of the word ‘Brahma’, which means ‘Tapa’ or penace. She is also a form of Uma or Parvati, a form of Mata Shakti. Third Day Puja On the third day the Goddess is worshipped as ‘Chandraghanta’ . She is the symbolic representation of beauty and bravery. Second three days The Mother is adored as a giver of spiritual wealth, Lakshmi , who is considered to have the power of bestowing on her devotees inexhaustible wealth, as she is the goddess of wealth Fourth Day Puja On the fourth day Goddess Durga is worshipped in the form ‘Kushmanda’ . It is believed that Kushmanda is the creator of the entire Universe and she has created the entire Universe by her laugh. Fifth Day Puja On the fifth day, the form of Goddess Durga is called ‘Skandamaata’ . She is actually called so because she is here represented as the mother of Skanda, the chief warrior of the Gods army. Sixth Day Puja On the sixth day, the Goddess Durga is worshipped as ‘Kaatyayani’ . Seated on her vehicle lion, Kaatyayani has three eyes and four hands. Final three days The final set of three days is spent in worshipping the goddess of wisdom, Sarasvati . In order to have all-round success in life, believers seek the blessings of all three aspects of the divine femininity, hence the nine nights of worship. Seventh Day Puja On the seventh day, the Goddess Durga is worshipped as ‘Kaalratri’ . As the name suggests, Kaalratri is as black as a dark night. She has four hands, she is meant to make the devotees fearless. Eighth Day Puja On the eight day, the Goddess Durga is worshipped as ‘Mahagauri’ . She is considered to extremely beautiful, white like snow and accessorized with white colored ornaments. She represents c


Who wrote the classic two-part 19th century German play Faust?

Theatre from Restoration through Romanticism Theatre from Restoration through Romanticism Nineteenth Century          Wilson and Goldfarb. Theatre: The Lively Art, 7th edition: Chapter 14, pages 323 - 332. Plays...          George Aiken / Harriet Beacher Stowe. Uncle Tom's Cabin          Charles Fechter / Alexandre Dumas, père. The Count of Monte Cristo          Alexandre Dumas, fils. The Lady of the Camellias (Camille)          Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe. Faust          Edmond Rostand. Cyrano De Bergerac 1. Define romantic drama. Romantic drama is the theatre of the "long ago and far      away." The audiences of the early 19th century wanted      to escape the dull, petty frustrations of their lives. 2.  What are the characteristics of a romantic hero? The romantic hero makes no comprises, appeases no one.      To him every issue is clear, and if he goes down in      defeat, he goes down fighting knowing that his cause is      just. 3.  What is the difference between the knight-champion and the   knight-lover? Hamlet A Knight-Champion The knight-champion was loyal to his lord, dedicated      his life to the protection of the weak, rescued the      innocent maiden, and fought the endless battle against      the forces of evil. The knight-lover placed women on a pedestal, and      worshipped them from afar. After a brief glimpse of her      beauty, he was transformed forever. He would write      poems to her beauty, and sing of his undying devotion,      but he could not touch her. It was better to yearn for      the ideal, than to desecrate it by turning it into      reality. 4.  Why did England not produce any major 19th century romantic   dramatists? Because the actor-managers rediscovered the works of      Shakespeare. His plays posses many of the elements of      romantic drama--A broad sweep of action, many short      scenes, and a dedication to love and adventure. 5.  Which playwright's work was performed, in England, during   this period? William Shakespeare. He was, in a sense, one of the theatre first "romantic" playwrights. 6. Which of Victor Hugo's dramas was influential in getting   romantic drama accepted in Paris' conservative state   theatres? Victor Hugo Although Hugo (1802-1885) is today primarily remembered for two novels: Les Misérables (1862) and The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831); his romantic tragedy: Hernani (1830), set in the ficticous Spanish court of Don Carlo I (1500-1558) helped shatter the neoclassical rules which had restrained French drama since the Renaissance. 7. What happened during its initial performances? The audience, composed of supporters of both the neoclassic and romantic movements, "rioted" through fifty-five performances. 8. What is the relationship between 19th century opera and romantic drama? Like many 19th century operas which were based on 19th century dramas, Victor Hugo's Hernani is the source of Giuseppe Verdi's Ernani (1844). 9. Which form, the drama or opera, has held the stage best? Tosca, the Opera The opera. There are few, if any, productions of the original      dramas, but the operas have become part of the standard      repertory. Puccini's Tosca (the opera) is based on a      play written for Sarah Bernhardt, the great 19th      century French actress. No one produces the play (also      called Tosca), but Pucinni's opera is one of the war-      horses of the operatic repertory. 10. Who wrote The Count of Monte Cristo? Alexandre Dumas, pere Alexandre Dumas', père (1802-1870) first major success was as a playwright. His Henri III was successfully produced in Paris in 1829. He soon shifted from writing romantic drama to writing romantic novels. His major works include The Three Musketeers (1844) and The Count of Monte Cristo (1845).     Why was his stage adaption of Monte Cristo not a theatrical success? His 1848 adaption of the 117 chapter, 1300 page novel (originally published in 18 installments in the Journal des Débats)


Which British politician became MP for Finchley in 1959?

Margaret Thatcher - Margaret Thatcher Biography - Poem Hunter Margaret Thatcher - Margaret Thatcher Biography - Poem Hunter Biography Biography of Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, née Roberts (born 13 October 1925) is a British politician, the longest-serving (1979–1990) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the 20th century, and the only woman ever to have held the post. A Soviet journalist nicknamed her the "Iron Lady", which became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented Conservative policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism. Originally a research chemist before becoming a barrister, Thatcher was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Finchley in 1959. Edward Heath appointed her Secretary of State for Education and Science in his 1970 government. In 1975 Thatcher defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election and became Leader of the Opposition, as well as the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom. She became Prime Minister after winning the 1979 general election. After entering 10 Downing Street, Thatcher introduced a series of political and economic initiatives to reverse what she perceived to be Britain's precipitous national decline. Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation (particularly of the financial sector), flexible labour markets, the privatisation of state-owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions. Thatcher's popularity during her first years in office waned amid recession and high unemployment, until economic recovery and the 1982 Falklands War brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her re-election in 1983. Thatcher was re-elected for a third term in 1987, but her Community Charge (popularly referred to as "poll tax") was widely unpopular and her views on the European Community were not shared by others in her Cabinet. She resigned as Prime Minister and party leader in November 1990, after Michael Heseltine launched a challenge to her leadership. Thatcher holds a life peerage as Baroness Thatcher, of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire, which entitles her to sit in the House of Lords.


To whom are the words 'Veni Vidi Vici' attributed, after he defeated Pharnaces the Second of Pontus?

Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) Choose which paragraph to jump to and press "Go!": Gaius Julius Caesar was born on 12 July 100 BC in Rome, son of Gaius Caesar and Aurelia. Governor of Gaul 58-49 BC. Appointed dictator for ten years in 47 B, for life on 14 February 44 BC. Married initially to Cornelia (one daughter, Julia), then to Pompeia, alas to Calpurnia. Assassinated on 15 March 44 BC. Deified in 42 BC. Caesar was tall, fair-haired, well built and of sound health. though he did suffer from the occasional epileptic fit. The historian Suetonius writes about Julius Caesar: He was embarrassed by his baldness, which was a frequent subject of jokes on the part of his opponents; so much so that he used to comb his straggling locks forward from the back, and of all honours heaped upon him by senate and people, the one he most appreciated was to be able to wear a wreath at all times..... Caesar's early Life Caesar grew up in a period of unrest and civil war in Rome. The increased size of the empire had led to cheap slave labour flooding into the country which in turned made many Roman workers unemployed. The Social Wars created turmoil all over Italy and Marius and Sulla were the great leaders of the time. As a member of an old aristocratic family Julius was expected, at the completion of his education, to assume a modest office on the lower end of the long ladder of the Roman political career. However, Caesar was not like other Romans. Already at a young age he had realized that money was the key to Roman politics as the system had by his time long been corrupt. When, Caesar was fifteen years old, his father Lucius died, with him died the fatherly expectations that Caesar should engage on a modest political career. Instead Caesar now set out to better himself. His first step was to marry into a yet more distinguished family. Further he began building a network of connections, some of which with politicians currently out of favour (the supporters of Marius). But these were dangerous contacts to have. Sulla was dictator of Rome and was seeking to wipe out any Marian sympathizers. A nineteen year old Caesar was arrested. But it appears that Sulla chose to spare him, as he did some others. Influential friends managed to have him released, but it was obvious that Caesar would have to leave Rome for a while, in order to let things cool down. Caesar goes into Exile And so Caesar left Rome to join the army. Naturally, as a member of a patrician family, he didn't enter the forces as a common soldier. His first posting was as a military assistant to a provincial governor. Thereafter he was posted to Cilicia, where he proved himself a capable and courageous soldier, winning praise for having saved the life of a comrade. It's believed that his next assignment was in one of the armies which crushed Spartacus' slave rebellion. After this Caesar left the army, yet it was still considered unwise for him to return to Rome. Instead he spent some time in the south of Italy improving his education, in particular rhetoric. Caesar later proved an incredibly talented, if not genial, public speaker and much of this will undoubtedly have come from his training in rhetoric. 'Do you know any man who, even if he has concentrated on the art of oratory to the exclusion of all else, can speak better than Caesar ?' (quote by Cicero). Caesar decided to spend the winter on the island of Rhodes, but the ship taking him there was captured by pirates, who held him hostage for about forty days, until a large ransom bought his freedom. During this misadventure Caesar displayed much of the ruthlessness which should later lead to his world fame. While captured he joked with his captors, telling them he'd see them all crucified, once he was released. Everyone laughed at the joke, even Caesar himself. But it was in fact exactly what he did once he was released. He hunted the pirates down, captured them and had them crucified. Caesar's next task was to organize a force to defend Roman property along the coast of Asia Minor (Turkey). Caesar returns from Exile Meanwhile the r