Which famous archipelago comprises eight major islands including Maui, Oahu, Kauai, and Molokai?

Mariana Archipelago: Habitat and Ecosystem You are here: Home / Managed Fishery Ecosystems / Hawaii Archipelago / Hawaii Archipelago: Habitat and Ecosystem Hawaii Archipelago: Habitat and Ecosystem The Hawaiian archipelago is a string of islands and reefs, 3,300 kilometers long, that forms a broad arc in the mid-Pacific. The eight main islands of Hawaii–Oahu, Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, Lanai, Molokai, Niihau, and Kahoolawe–contain more than 99 percent of the state’s land area and all but a handful of its people. The island of Hawaii, at 8,150 square kilometers, comprises nearly two-thirds of the state’s total area, and it is often referred to as simply the Big Island. The smallest of the eight, Kahoolawe, is 125 square kilometers and is uninhabited. Hawaii climate is tropical with remarkable differences in climate within short distances. Overall, summer temperatures between May and October are warmer, peaking in August, and drier than the winter months. February and March are the coolest months when night temperatures on the coast fall to 15°C. During summer, the north-easterly trade winds are more persistent and constant blue skies are not uncommon for weeks on end. In the winter months, the trade winds are often interrupted by other winds, bringing intervals of widespread cloud and rain. During heavy winter storms, brought on by the onset of Kona winds from the south-west, 3-4 inches of rain can fall in an hour. The windward west coasts are more exposed to these winter storms and often receive their mean rainfall in just a hand-full of these winter storms. However, the most influencing factor of Hawaii’s weather is orographic – caused by the mountains. The higher the mountain the greater the extremes. Thus on the Big Island, the windward coast (north-east) receives an average 130 inches of rain each year whilst the dry leeward coast (west), protected from cloud by the 13,600 feet summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, receives less than 30 inches. Even the west coast of the Big Island rainfall and cloud cover vary – whilst the coast is mostly sunny and dry, less than 5-miles inland on the slopes of Mt. Hualalai in South Kona, sunny mornings often give way to afternoon mists and light rain. The wettest place on earth is on Mt. Waialele in the centre of Kauai – barely 30 miles to the south, the resort town of Poipu receives just 15 inches of rain a year, whilst the town of Hanalei on the supposed wet north coast receives a 45 inches, much of which falls at night or in winter bursts. Similarly, Waikiki Beach sits in the rain shadow of the Koolau Mountains and receives little rain except in the occasional tremendous bursts of thunderstorms which build up in summer afternoons. Climate also changes 2°C for every 1000 feet making temperatures on Hawaii’s highest peak fall consistently below zero in winter resulting in snow. The slopes of upcountry Maui and the Big Island, including Volcano National Park are therefore much cooler than the coast. Hawaii does receive the occasional cyclone (mostly from July to October, although the official cyclone season ends in January) although these are less frequent than in the southern pacific. Sea temperatures fluctuate from a high of 27°C in summer to 23°C in winter. The longest and shortest days are 131/2 hours (summer) and 11 hours (winter). The marine ecosystem around Hawaii is both complex and dynamic. In the near shore areas on most islands there is little shallow shelf area, with narrow fringing reefs and limited shallow bays and lagoons. There is no highly productive shallow continental shelf as in the mainland USA, and thus although near shore fisheries are important both socially, recreationally and commercially, fishery production in Hawaii is dominated by catches from the pelagic or open ocean. Pelagic ecosystem dynamics on all temporal scales may be driven by the dynamics of very specialized oceanic habitats. In the North Pacific, in proximity to Hawaii, is a basin-wide chlorophyll front located at the boundary between the low chlorophyll subtropical gyres and the high chlorophyll sub


Trypanosomiasis technically refers to what sort of sickness?

Trypanosomiasis - catch, body, contagious, causes, What Is Trypanosomiasis? Trypanosomiasis Trypanosomiasis Trypanosomiasis (trih-pan-o-so-MY-uh-sis) is a disease found in Africa     and the American continents that is caused by infection with a parasite.     Forms of the disease may persist for many years and have several phases,     with symptoms that can vary from one stage to the next. KEYWORDS for searching the Internet and other reference sources Chagas disease Tsetse fly What Is Trypanosomiasis? Trypanosomiasis refers to three types of infections caused by protozoa * and spread to humans through insect bites. There are two kinds of African    trypanosomiasis, East African and West African. Both of these varieties    also are known as sleeping sickness. The disease can affect people living    on the African continent south of the Sahara Desert. American    trypanosomiasis also is called Chagas (SHAH-gus) disease. It occurs only    on the American continents, from Mexico to Argentina. What Causes Trypanosomiasis? The bite of an infected tsetse (SET-see) fly usually transmits the    organisms that cause the African forms of trypanosomiasis. These flies    live in the countryside in Africa, especially in bushes and thick    vegetation near rivers and lakes. Tsetse flies infected with the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (trih-pan-o-SO-mah BRU-see-eye ro-dee-see-EN-see) spread East African    trypanosomiasis, the most severe form of the disease, to humans. The West    African variety comes from a fly infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (trih-pan-o-SO-mah BRU-see-eye gam-be-EN-see). * protozoa (pro-tuh-ZOH-uh) are single-celled microorganisms (tiny organisms),     some of which are capable of causing disease in humans. * feces (FEE-seez) is the excreted waste from the gastrointestinal tract. Reduviid (rih-DO-vee-id) bugs (also called assassin, cone-nose, or kissing    bugs) carry the Trypanosoma cruzi (trih-pan-o-SO-mah KROO-zee) protozoa that cause the American variety of    trypanosomiasis, or Chagas disease, named for the Brazilian doctor who    discovered it. These bugs hide during the day in the cracks in mud and    adobe homes. At night they crawl across sleeping people and bite them,    usually on the face but sometimes on the arms, legs, or trunk. They also    leave behind their feces * , which contain the protozoa. Without knowing it, people can rub The tsetse fly is responsible for spreading trypanosomiasis in      Africa. ©Rob and Ann Simpson/Visuals Unlimited, Inc. the infected feces into the bite, a cut or open sore, or even into their    noses, mouths, or eyes. How Common Is Trypanosomiasis? Trypanosomiasis can infect people of every age and race, though it is    uncommon in the United States. Since the late 1960s, fewer than 30 cases    have been reported among U.S. citizens traveling to areas where the    infection is found. In other parts of the world, however, the disease    affects thousands of people. The World Health Organization estimates that    as many as 500,000 people could have African trypanosomiasis, but because    of poor monitoring most of these cases are not reported. Between 16    million and 18 million people in the Americas currently have Chagas    disease. Approximately 50,000 may die from the disease each year. Is Trypanosomiasis Contagious? People cannot catch any form of trypanosomiasis in the same way that they    catch a cold or the flu from other people. Only the tsetse fly spreads the    African varieties, and the reduviid bug spreads Chagas disease. Rarely, a    mother infected with the West African variety of trypanosomiasis or with    Chagas disease can pass the illness to her unborn child. People who    receive a transfusion * of blood or an organ transplant from an infected person also may contract    the disease; this form of transmission tends to happen more often with    Chagas disease than with the African types. What Are the Symptoms of t


What modern globally recognized symbol was created by British designer Gerald Holtom in 1958, based on the flag semaphore signals for N and D?

CLEAR VIEW CLEAR VIEW The Labour Party's inquiry into Antisemitism was a whitewash and did not satisfy critics. That is because the problem of the Left is not Antisemitism but fanaticism and an inability to listen. Anyone who has seen this faction at close quarters (as I have for many years) knows how much it is driven by hatred. It has to have a demon. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the failure of social democracy the Left has been forced into negativity, taking its Antis - Anti-Americanism, Anti-Imperialism, and anti-Zionism - to passionate extremes. So it's no accident that anti-Zionists compare Israel to South Africa and Nazi Germany. The factual questions as to whether Israel practices apartheid or genocide are less important than making Israel the Left's current demon. The issue of Antisemitism and its relation to anti-Zionism is complex, and any proper inquiry would have to deal with it thoroughly.  It would have to analyse Antisemitism and its relationship to anti-Zionism. Does Antisemitism entail contempt for the Jews conceived as a race, or might it also be the opposite, the denial that Jews are an ethnic group or a nation?  Since 80% of the population of Israel are Jews and the overwhelming majority of Jews in the diaspora feel that Israel is part of their Jewish identity, and since the restoration of Jews to the land of Israel is a part of the Jewish religion, is anti-Zionism anti-Jewish?  Is the idea that Israel should no longer exist as a Jewish state, and that the Jews of the Middle East should live as a minority under Arabs who hate them, a form of Antisemitism?  Is Labour pandering to the Antisemitism of Muslim voters?  Has the Left inherited the ambivalence in Jewish emancipation, in which universalist principles made the removal of civil disabilities conditional on the abandonment of Jewish identity ?  Even if anti-Zionism and Antisemitism are not the same thing, how much anti-Zionism expresses itself as Antisemitism ("Jews to the gas!" "Bombs over Tel Aviv!"), how many anti-Zionists are also Antisemites and how many Antisemites are also anti-Zionists? The Labour Party inquiry did not deal with these questions. It fudged the overlap of Antisemitism with anti-Zionism and found that there have been a few instances of Antisemitism in the party and that they should be dealt with more firmly in the future. The deeper question of the natural intolerance of the Left, its essential illiberalism and its tendency to extremism, was not touched on at all. The Left is bound to be anti-Semitic because it defines racism as prejudice plus power.  Thus, by definition, people with power cannot be victims of racism and, since Jews have power in Israel, Antisemitism is not racism. Only Blacks can be victims of racism and Whites are oppressors. It is legitimate to hate oppressors and since Jews are White it is legitimate to hate them. The few tactless outbursts of explicit Antisemitism on Labour's Left are not an aberration but an expression of this Anti-Racist ideology. Ken Livingstone says it explicitly  and when Jeremy Corbyn says that Labour stands full square against racism and Antisemitism he has his fingers crossed behind his back. This mind-set means Antisemitism in Labour cannot be tackled by the Left. Len McClusky, the leader of the powerful trades union Unite and a cheer leader for Corbyn, moved on to the attack by saying that accusations of Antisemitism were just a ploy by the Right to get rid of Corbyn. McClusky is a more effective leader than Corbyn and he is bound to fight Corbyn's corner; but he is more right than he knows: this problem does require the removal of Corbyn and the Left from the leadership of the Labour Party. Posted by I discovered this article on Wikipedia, about an attempt to smear the anti-nuclear movement. I reproduce it in full. If you'd like to follow up the references, they're here . _______________________ Claims about the KGB's supposed influence on the development of the nuclear winter hypothesis has been put on several Wikipedia pages.  The claim originates in a book by


Bok Choy (US) or Pak Choi (UK) is a Chinese?

Differences Between Pak Choi and Bok Choy | Difference Between Differences Between Pak Choi and Bok Choy • Categorized under Nature | Differences Between Pak Choi and Bok Choy Pak Choi vs Bok Choy Pak choi and bok choy are of the same plant. It is a leafy green Chinese cabbage which mostly grows in Asian regions like the Philippines, China, and Vietnam. Pak choi, or bok choy, is also called pe-tsai, petsay, Chinese white cabbage, and white celery mustard. It is a popular mainland crop that belongs in the Brassica family. Though pak choi or bok choy is commonly grown in the eastern world, it has also captivated westerners with its sweet and tender stalks. It comes in the scientific name of Brassica campestris L. The Brassica family can be further subdivided into different varieties according to the color of the leaves’ petioles. The white petiole variety includes the Canton pak choi, prize choi, taisai, lei choi, joi choi, and pak-choy white. On the other hand, the green petiole variety includes the mei qing choi and the Chinese pak choi green. Pak choi or bok choy is a small plant but can grow up to 12 or 18 inches in height. It grows upright from the ground. It has smooth and white stalks that look like celery. At the end of each stalk, the plant will spread to an oval-shaped leaf. Its leaves are green, smooth, and glossy. Some people have mistaken pak choi or bok choy as a collard or a mostaza because of their similar structures. Eating pak choi or bok choy can bring you several health benefits. This leafy plant is actually very low in calories. If you eat even 100 grams of pak choi or bok choy, you don’t have to worry about gaining weight. Instead, it helps the body to burn your present calories which then leads to a weight reduction. It is also an abundant source of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Pak choi, or bok choy, also has antioxidant properties. Its antioxidant properties, along with its fiber component, help to protect your body to fight against cancer-causing agents. The fiber component of the pak choi, or bok choy, acts as a sweeper of your bloodstream in eliminating the bad cholesterol of your blood. If you also prepare and eat fresh pak choi, or bok choy, your body will benefit from its vitamin C. We all know that vitamin C is necessary to boost our immune system and fight the common cold and flu. Compared to its other vegetable families like cabbage and cauliflower, pak choi, or bok choy, contains more vitamin A and carotene. To be able to meet the required levels of vitamin A, eat 100 grams of pak choi. Aside from vitamin A, it is also rich in vitamin K, B-complex vitamins, calcium, and iron. Pak choi, or bok choy, can be prepared and eaten as additives to healthy sandwiches and salads. This green, leafy vegetable helps give a crunchy, sweet taste. You can also add pak choi in your usual cabbage coleslaw recipe. Your coleslaw will become more delicious if you add pak choi. Pak choi is also great in stew recipes, soups, and stir fries. Summary: Pak choi and bok choy are of the same plant. It comes in the scientific name of Brassica campestris L. Pak choi, or bok choy, is also called pe-tsai, petsay, Chinese white cabbage, and white celery mustard. It is a Chinese cabbage with leafy, green leaves and white stalks. Pak choi, or bok choy, mostly grows in Asian regions like the Philippines, China, and Vietnam. Eating pak choi, or bok choy, can bring you several health benefits by being low in calories, rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin K, calcium and iron. Related Posts


Meissen and Dresden of Germany, and Spode of England made high-quality?

Meissen Mark :: Crossed Swords - ArtiFact :: Free Encyclopedia of Everything Art, Antiques & Collectibles Meissen Mark :: Crossed Swords   crossed swords Samples of actual meissen marks. You should remember that the marks are drawn by hand and that slight variations in the format occur and the mark only supports the source. The true test of an antique meissen piece is always the overall quality of the piece and the quality of the decoration. Dresden also used this mark and there are numerous marks that look similar, including modern day marks. It takes more than looking at the mark to identify Meissen or other high quality antique porcelains. Reference books: Meissen Porcelain by Otto Walcha 1981; The Book of Meissen by Robert E. Rontgen 1984 – there are several others but these two should get you started. Meissen Marks and Approximate Dates of Use: Early in the history of Meissen they were very careful when they marked their wares, the swords were placed at a wide angle to each other and were carefully drawn. As time went on, the marks were put on more freely and exact care was not taken with the placement of the marks. So … the best way to know if what you have is a Meissen is to go to an expert if you are in doubt. If you know for sure that it isn’t a Meissen it may be one of the companies listed below. Get a magnifying glass and look at your mark closely…. is it crossed arrows or crossed swords? There is a difference. Meissen used several marks and there were several “reproduction” Meissen marks: When I say “reproduction marks” I mean reproduction from the 18th Century, maybe copy would be a better word. The canceled swords A canceled line often appears on a piece of Meissen either through or beside the crossed sword mark. This means the piece is supposed to be of inferior quality in either the painting or modeling. Some people say that Meissen used the canceled mark to increase turnover through price reduction. Others refer to the marks as a means of denoting a piece that has been given or sold to an outside decorator where it could be later painted (referred to as Outside Decorated). It can be very confusing for the collector. A piece given or sold to an outside decorator would be completely white in appearance. German Dresden mark, which is sometimes referred to as a Meissen mark. This mark is now more correctly attributed to Helena Wolfsohn, a Dresden artist in the late 1880s! Mark: Crossed swords. There are several companies that used the crossed swords mark, I have listed those that I could find here but I don’t have photographs of the marks. So I recommend that you visit the library and look through several books on marks to find the one on your antique or collectible piece. I have given you a starting point with the pottery factory name. These are all European factories. Crossed Swords Marks, Crossed Arrows, Flambeaux Mark: * The mark most often mistaken for Meissen is from the rue Fontaine-au-Roy factory (aka Basse Courtille and La Courtille). It is in blue like the Meissen mark but is actually arrows instead of swords. * Limbach and Volkstedt – Germany (sometimes had a star between the hilts similar to the Marcolini mark) * Weesp – Holland (had 3 dots near the blades) * La Courtille – Paris * Worcester – England (had a 6 looking character between the blades) * Kloster-Veilsdorf * Kalk Porcelain Crossed “L’s” Marks: * Vincennes factory used this mark and when it was taken over by Sevres they added very distinct date letters. **From a very old publication that I have only this page from, no name and not dated. Meissen incised marks, rather than underglaze, used on biscuit porcelain and white glazed porcelain: 1774-1814 — incised mark on biscuit porcelain.   1900 — incised mark on white glazed porcelain. 1814 — incised mark on biscuit porcelain. The Meissen blue crossed sword mark imitators. Anspach (Germany – Nassau) Founded c1860 – Used From: 1860 onwards Arnstadt (Germany – Thuringia) Founded in 1790 – Used From: 1790 onwards – A small factory in production for a very short time. Berlin (Germany – Prussia)


A 'lustrum' refers to a period of how many years?

Lustrum - definition of lustrum by The Free Dictionary Lustrum - definition of lustrum by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/lustrum  (lŭs′trəm) n. pl. lus·trums or lus·tra (-trə) 1. A ceremonial purification of the entire ancient Roman population after the census every five years. 2. A period of five years. [Latin lūstrum; see luster.] n, pl -trums or -tra (-trə) (Units) a period of five years [C16: from Latin: ceremony of purification, from lustrāre to brighten, purify] lus•trum (ˈlʌs trəm) n., pl. -trums, -tra (-trə). 1. (in ancient Rome) a lustration or ceremonial purification of the people, performed every five years, after the taking of the census. 2. Also, luster ;esp. Brit., lustre . a period of five years. [1580–90; < Latin lūstrum; compare luster 1] lustrum, luster, lustre 1. lustrum - a period of five years period , period of time , time period - an amount of time; "a time period of 30 years"; "hastened the period of time of his recovery"; "Picasso's blue period" 2. lustrum - a ceremonial purification of the Roman population every five years following the census ceremony - the proper or conventional behavior on some solemn occasion; "an inaugural ceremony" capital of Italy , Eternal City , Italian capital , Rome , Roma - capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire antiquity - the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe Translations


The Afrikaans word 'pronk' refers to the distinctive arch-backed stiff-legged leap of a?

Information On Species That You Can Hunt And See - SPRINGBOK JAG FARM SPRINGBOK JAG FARM Contact Spingbok Jadfarm The Caracal The caracal /ˈkærəkæl/ (Caracal caracal), also known as the desert lynx, is a wild cat widely distributed across Africa, central Asia, and southwest Asia into India. In 2002, the IUCN listed the caracal as Least Concern, as it is widespread and relatively common. The felid is considered threatened in North Africa, and rare in the central Asian republics and India. German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber first described Felis caracal in 1776 from a specimen collected from Table Mountain, South Africa, which is considered the type locality of the species. The generic name Caracal was first used by the British naturalist John Edward Gray in 1843 on the basis of a type specimen collected near the Cape of Good Hope. The caracal has been classified variously with Lynx and Felis in the past, but molecular evidence supports a monophyletic genus closely allied with the African golden cat and serval. Nomenclature The word caracal is derived from the Turkish words kara kulak, which means "black ear". In Persian, the caracal is known as  siyāh-gōsh, also meaning "black ear". In North India, it is known as  syahgosh. It is also called African lynx, Asian lynx and desert lynx, though it is not a member of the genus Lynx. The local Toubou name is ngam ouidenanga, meaning gazelle cat. In Afrikaans, it is called Rooikat, which means red cat. Characteristics The caracal is distinguished from Felis by the presence of a long tuft on the tip of the ears, exceeding half their length. No trace of pattern remains in the coat, except a few spots on the underside and inside of the fore legs. It is a slender, long-legged cat of medium size with a relatively short tail. The fur on the back and sides is generally of a uniform tawny grey or reddish, frosted-sand colour. The belly and the undersides of the legs and chest are whitish and spotted or blotched with pale markings. The tufted ears are black-backed. Black caracals also occur. The skull is high and rounded. The jaw is short, stoutly built, and equipped with large powerful teeth. About 92% of caracals lack the second upper premolar teeth. Males reach a head and body length of 75 to 105.7 cm (29.5 to 41.6 in), with a 23.1 to 34 cm (9.1 to 13.4 in) long tail, and weigh 8 to 20 kg (18 to 44 lb). Females are smaller with a head and body length of 69 to 102.9 cm (27.2 to 40.5 in) and a tail 19.5 to 34 cm (7.7 to 13.4 in) long. They weigh from 7 to 15.9 kg (15 to 35 lb). Facial markings comprise a dark line running down the center of the forehead to near the nose, and another one running from the inner edge of the eye to the nostrils. The pupils of the eyes contract to form circles. A light-colored ring encircles the eyes, and a rather indistinct dark brown patch occurs over each eye. White patches occur on either side of the nose. The inner surface of the pinna is covered with small white hairs. Numerous stiff hairs emerge from between the pads and probably are an adaption for moving through soft sand. Distribution and habitat Caracals are common in parts of their sub-Saharan African range, especially in South Africa and southern Namibia, where they expand into new, and recolonize vacant, areas. They occur at much lower densities in Central and West Africa, where the carnivore community is more diverse. They occupy a wide variety of habitats from semidesert to relatively open savanna and scrubland to moist woodland and thicket or evergreen and montane forest such as in the Western Cape of South Africa. They prefer drier woodland and savanna regions with lower rainfall and some cover. They also occur in the Saharan mountain ranges and semiarid woodlands. On the Arabian Peninsula, caracals occur throughout the mountain ranges and hilly steppe regions, but probably do not penetrate far into the great sand deserts of the interior. The Caspian Sea, Ustyurt, and the Aral Sea constitute the northern distribution limit of caracals, which barely extends east of the Amu


What is the more common English/Western biblical name of Golgotha, the site of Christ's crucifixion?

Golgotha: A Reconsideration of the Evidence for the Sites of Jesus’ Crucifixion and Burial Golgotha: A Reconsideration of the Evidence for the Sites of Jesus’ Crucifixion and Burial Expert - Jan 11, 2010 - by Joan Taylor Share/recommend this article: Excerpt Currently, the most popular alternative site to traditional Golgotha, located in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, is the area of Gordon’s Calvary, with the so-called ‘Garden Tomb,’ but scholarly endorsement of this locality has never been very strong. Generally, the current consensus holds that Golgotha was located in the vicinity of the traditional site, somewhere north of the first wall of Jerusalem at the time of Jesus, and west of the second wall, though specificity is impossible. In this article, I would like to consider how specific we might be about the localizations of Jesus’ death and entombment... Continue reading Explore Related Articles Thinking Clearly About the "Jesus Family Tomb" According to James Tabor, after John was executed by Herod, Jesus went to Jerusalem and confronted t... The So-Called Jesus Family Tomb 'Rediscovered' in Jerusalem On Monday morning, February 26, 2007, I heard this opening statement by Matt Lauer on the NBC Today ... The Jesus Tomb Unmasked In 1980, a tomb was discovered in Jerusalem. Recently, the documentary, The Jesus Family Tomb, claim... Tags Support Like this artice? Our Ministry relies on the generosity of people like you. Every small donation helps us develop and publish great articles. Please support ABR! This article was published in the Spring 2002 issue of Bible and Spade. Currently, the most popular alternative site to traditional Golgotha, located in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, is the area of Gordon’s Calvary, with the so-called ‘Garden Tomb,’ but scholarly endorsement of this locality has never been very strong.1 Generally, the current consensus holds that Golgotha was located in the vicinity of the traditional site, somewhere north of the first wall of Jerusalem at the time of Jesus, and west of the second wall, though specificity is impossible. In this article, I would like to consider how specific we might be about the localizations of Jesus’ death and entombment. In my book Christians and the Holy Places, I argued that Constantine chose to build his “Martyrium” basilica (dedicated AD 335) in honor of the cross on the site of the former Temple of Venus because of convenience, and that the Temple of Venus itself was built here (ca. AD 135–50) without any plan to cover up a Christian holy place (see Figure 1 for a visualization of Constantine’s church and surrounding areas) (Taylor 1993:113–42). I concluded that the evidence does not point us to the authenticity of the traditional site precisely as “Golgotha.” but rather to a site slightly further south. However, I have not been completely satisfied with my brief analysis, because it relies upon a basic preconception that Golgotha was primarily the place of the crucifixion, and that the tomb was very close by. As I have worked over the material again, I have noted that this understanding of “Golgotha” as the execution place alone, though a common one, is not supported by the combined evidence of the canonical Gospels. Moreover, the tomb is not said to be very near the site of the crucifixion. This has led me to a further reconsideration of all the available evidence, and the discovery of additional material in the New Testament apocrypha, which may bear upon the issues. In this article I will argue that the crucifixion was indeed further south than the traditional site would locate it, as I argued previously, but that the traditional tomb of Jesus may very well be authentic. Figure 1: Constantine’s Martyrium basilica in honor of the holy cross, ca. AD 355: (a) tomb of Jesus, contained in the Edicule; (b) the rock of the cross; (c) the Martyrium; (d) the Cardo Golgotha: The Place Golgotha is mentioned in all four canonical Gospels as being the place where Jesus was crucified (Mk 15:22; 27:33; Lk 23:33; Jn 19:17–18). Luke in fact omit


The old French term 'eshec mat' is terminology in which game?

Mate - definition of mate by The Free Dictionary Mate - definition of mate by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/mate 1. One of a matched pair: the mate to this glove. 2. A spouse or romantic partner. 3. a. Either of a pair of birds or other animals that associate in order to propagate. b. Either of a pair of animals brought together for breeding. c. Either of a pair of plants, fungi, or other organisms that engage in sexual reproduction or conjugation with each other. 4. a. A person with whom one is in close association; an associate. b. Chiefly British A good friend or companion. c. A person with whom one shares living quarters. Often used in combination: advertised for a new flatmate. 5. A deck officer on a merchant ship ranking next below the master. 6. A US Navy petty officer who is an assistant to a warrant officer. v. mat·ed, mat·ing, mates v.tr. 1. To join closely or combine: an engine that is mated to a four-speed transmission. 2. To cause to be united in marriage or a romantic sexual relationship. 3. To cause (organisms) to breed or bring (organisms) into close proximity for breeding. v.intr. 1. To become joined in marriage or a romantic sexual relationship. 2. a. To be paired for reproducing; breed. b. To engage in sexual reproduction or conjugation. [Middle English, from Middle Low German gemate, mate, messmate.] mate 2 tr. & intr.v. mat·ed, mat·ing, mates To checkmate or achieve a checkmate. [Middle English, from Old French mat, checkmated, from Arabic māt, he has died; see checkmate.] mate3 bombilla (foreground) and mate cup(background) ma·te 3  (mä′tā) also ma·té (mä-tĕ′) n. 1. An evergreen shrub or small tree (Ilex paraguariensis) of South America, widely cultivated for its leaves, which are used to prepare a tealike beverage. 2. A tealike beverage, popular in South America, made from the dried leaves of this plant. Also called Paraguay tea, yerba mate. 3. An oval or rounded container or cup, traditionally made from a hollow calabash, in which this tea is prepared and served. [American Spanish, from Quechua mati, calabash container.] mate 1. (Zoology) the sexual partner of an animal 2. a marriage partner 3. a. informal chiefly Brit and Austral and NZ a friend, usually of the same sex: often used between males in direct address b. (in combination) an associate, colleague, fellow sharer, etc: a classmate; a flatmate. 4. one of a pair of matching items 5. (Nautical Terms) nautical a. short for first mate b. any officer below the master on a commercial ship c. a warrant officer's assistant on a ship 6. (in some trades) an assistant: a plumber's mate. 7. archaic a suitable associate vb 8. (Zoology) to pair (a male and female animal) or (of animals) to pair for reproduction 9. to marry or join in marriage 10. (tr) to join as a pair; match [C14: from Middle Low German; related to Old English gemetta table-guest, from mete meat] ˈmateless adj (Chess & Draughts) chess See checkmate maté mate n 1. (Plants) an evergreen tree, Ilex paraguariensis, cultivated in South America for its leaves, which contain caffeine: family Aquifoliaceae 2. (Plants) a stimulating milky beverage made from the dried leaves of this tree Modern Greek name: Paraguay tea, yerba or yerba maté [C18: from American Spanish (originally referring to the vessel in which the drink was brewed), from Quechua máti gourd] mate1 n., v. mat•ed, mat•ing. n. 1. a husband or wife; spouse. 2. one member of a pair of mated animals. 3. one of a pair: a mate of a glove. 5. an associate or companion. 6. b. an assistant to a warrant officer or other functionary on a ship. 7. an aide, as to a skilled worker. 8. Archaic. peer; match. 9. to join as mates. 10. to bring (animals) together for breeding. 11. to join or associate suitably; couple. 12. to treat as comparable. v.i. 14. to copulate. 15. to marry. [1350–1400; Middle English < Middle Low German; replacing Middle English mette, Old English gemetta messmate, guest; akin to meat ] mate′less, adj. n., v.t. mat•ed, mat•ing, interj. [1175–1225; Middle English mat defeated (adj.), defeat (n.) < Old F


What English uprising ended with the death of one its leaders Wat Tyler in June 1381?

Peasants Revolt - History Learning Site History Learning Site   historylearningsite.co.uk . The History Learning Site , 5 Mar 2015. 20 Oct 2016. Medieval England experienced few revolts but the most serious was the Peasants’ Revolt which took place in June 1381. A violent system of punishments for offenders was usually enough to put off peasants from causing trouble. Most areas in England also had castles in which soldiers were garrisoned, and these were usually enough to guarantee reasonable behaviour among medieval peasants. An army of peasants from Kent and Essex marched on London. They did something no-one had done before or since – they captured the Tower of London. The Archbishop of Canterbury and the King’s Treasurer were killed. The king, Richard II, was only 14 at the time but despite his youth, he agreed to meet the peasants at a place called Mile End. What were the peasants angry about and why had they come to London ? 1. After the Black Death , many manors were left short of workers. To encourage those who had survived to stay on their manor, many lords had given the peasants on their estates their freedom and paid them to work on their land. Now, nearly 35 years after the Black Death, many peasants feared that the lords would take back these privileges and they were prepared to fight for them. 2. Many peasants had to work for free on church land, sometimes up to two days in the week. This meant that they could not work on their own land which made it difficult to grow enough food for their families. Peasants wanted to be free of this burden that made the church rich but them poor. They were supported in what they wanted by a priest called John Ball from Kent. 3. There had been a long war with France. Wars cost money and that money usually came from the peasants through the taxes that they paid. In 1380, Richard II introduced a new tax called the Poll Tax. This made everyone who was on the tax register pay 5p. It was the third time in four years that such a tax had been used. By 1381, the peasants had had enough. 5p to them was a great deal of money. If they could not pay in cash, they could pay in kind, such as seeds, tools etc., anything that could be vital to survival in the coming year. In May 1381, a tax collector arrived at the Essex village of Fobbing to find out why the people there had not paid their poll tax. He was thrown out by the villagers. In June, soldiers arrived to establish law and order. They too were thrown out as the villagers of Fobbing had now organised themselves and many other local villages in Essex had joined them. After doing this, the villagers marched on London to plead with the young king to hear their complaints. One man had emerged as the leader of the peasants – Wat Tyler from Kent. As the peasants from Kent had marched to London, they had destroyed tax records and tax registers. The buildings which housed government records were burned down. They got into the city of London because the people there had opened the gates to them. By mid-June the discipline of the peasants was starting to go. Many got drunk in London and looting took place. It is known that foreigners were murdered by the peasants. Wat Tyler had asked for discipline amongst those who looked up to him as their leader. He did not get it. On June 14th, the king met the rebels at Mile End. At this meeting, Richard II gave the peasants all that they asked for and asked that they go home in peace. Some did. Others returned to the city and murdered the archbishop and Treasurer – their heads were cut off on Tower Hill by the Tower of London. Richard II spent the night in hiding in fear of his life. On June 15th, he met the rebels again at Smithfield outside of the city’s walls. It is said that this was the idea of the Lord Mayor (Sir William Walworthe) who wanted to get the rebels out of the city. Medieval London was wooden and the streets were cramped. Any attempt to put down the rebels in the city could have ended in a fire or the rebels would have found it easy to vanish into the city once they knew that soldiers w


Which corporation operates the $multi-billion two-sided advertising service branded AdSense and AdWords?

Google buys travel software company ITA & enters the travel business - Google, Alphabet Inc., Finance, Govt, Policy and Business Issues forum at WebmasterWorld  - WebmasterWorld Message Too Old, No Replies Google buys travel software company ITA & enters the travel business       10:29 pm on Jul 1, 2010 (gmt 0) posts:490 votes: 0 Today, almost half of all airline tickets are sold online. But for many people, finding the right flight at the best price is a frustrating experience; pricing and availability change constantly, and even a simple two city itinerary involves literally thousands of different options. We�d like to make that search much easier, which is why I�m pleased to announce that today we have signed an agreement to acquire ITA, a Boston-based software company specializing in organizing airline data, including flight times, availability and prices.Official Google blog: [ googleblog.blogspot.com ...] Facts about Google's acquisition of ITA Software: [ google.com ] Time to think again if you don't consider Google a potential competitor. Google said on Thursday that it had agreed to buy privately-owned ITA Software, in a move that Google said would allow it to improve the way consumers find flight and fare information online. "What we're going to do is build new flight search tools that focus on end-users," Google Chief Executive Officer Eric Schmidt said in a conference call with analysts and members of the press on Thursday. He said that Google had no plans to sell airline tickets to consumers and that Google planned to honor all existing agreements that ITA has with its partners. The deal should allow Google to match innovations made by Microsoft Corp, whose recently re-launched Bing search engine has gained share by focusing on a handful of specific search categories like travel and shopping. [ reuters.com ...] [edited by: Brett_Tabke at 1:36 am (utc) on Jul 2, 2010] [edit reason] added link [/edit] 1:37 am on July 2, 2010 (gmt 0) posts:38066 votes: 15 I knew it was only a matter of time before Google got into the travel market. Bing had been doing such great stuff with Farecast. (not too mention Expedia and Hotels.com). ...may you live in interesting times. 7:05 am on July 2, 2010 (gmt 0) posts:3072 votes: 27 So are meta search travel companies most at risk ? Indeed , are meta search sites at risk overall ? 7:26 am on July 2, 2010 (gmt 0) posts:1097 votes: 7 Over the past month I have written several posts about the likelyhood of Google looking to dominate the travel marketplace. I decided the posts were little more than speculative rants and never sent them. Little was I to know .... Anyone who operates in the online travel sector, from the small mom & pop operator getting a few bucks as an affiliate, through to the million dollar operators, needs to understand that Google can, and it seems likely now that they probably will, drive online travel to their own door for their own commercial gain. Google is driven by the need to grow their stock value in the interests of their stock holders. Period. They use our intellectual property to do that and while Google provided an opportunity for our sites to reach the target audience, with an Adsense sweetener thrown in, it was generally accepted as an equitable win-win arrangement. However, "Dont be evil" morphed into "Greed is good" a long time ago and once companies get on that share price treadmill they can't get off. We are now seeing how Adwords on SERP's have slowly but surely neutered organic search results to the verge of making them irrelevant. Win-win scenarios can't co-exist with share holder profit. Their cash cow is Adwords, but that presumably has to reach market saturation, and despite its huge success, it is essentially a one trick pony. So what other aspect of online ecommerce can Google dominate to their own end? Travel is a multi-billion dollar industry and Google have the resources and the money to control it. That was always going to be just too inviting to resist. Look for horrendous collateral damage in the next year or so.... but hey, that s


Psychological tests which ask standardized questions, whose answers are assessed according to fixed measures are called?

Chapter 3 Flashcards - Course Hero The _____ of a test indicates the consistency of the scores it produces. Reliability Which of the following terms refers to how well a test measures what it is designed to measure? Validity Cathy is given the task of measuring the volume of water a wading pool will hold. Unfortunately, the instrument she chooses to use to accomplish this task is a thermometer. Cathy is carrying out a procedure that is NOT a _____ measure of volume. Valid Mr. Tate clearly specifies a test’s instructions for administration and scoring. He gives each individual in the room an hour to finish the visual-spatial task. Which of the following psychometric criterion has Mr. Tate used? Standardization A good psychological test is one that follows standardized procedures for scoring and... ...instructions for administration. (?) Jonathan, a clinician, unintentionally makes generic and vague statements about his client Amy that do not specifically characterize her. The statements describe Amy as a strong person but also suggest that she could display fragility under difficult circumstances. This can be true for most people. Which of the following is Jonathan’s interpretation characteristic of? "Barnum Effect" Deciding which methods of assessment are appropriate for different types of clients in different types of situations is an aspect of: Evidence-based Assessment (?) A series of questions that clinicians administer in a face-to-face interaction with the client that enables the clinicians to make observations of their clients is known as... ...clinical interview What type of interview relies on a set of open-ended questions designed to assess the client’s reasons for being in treatment, symptoms, health status, family background, and life history? Unstructured interview Dr. Sebastian is trying to determine Ralph’s reason for seeking treatment by asking him a series of open-ended questions. He wants to determine Ralph’s family background and life history. What type of assessment technique is Dr. Sebastian employing? Unstructured interview The _____ interview is a standardized series of assessment questions, with a predetermined wording and order. Structured interview In addition to noting the answers to questions in an unstructured interview, the clinician also observes the client’s _____. Body language. A clinician watches a client through a one-way mirror and records the number of times he engages in self-injurious behavior. This assessment method is commonly referred to as a... ...mental status examination (?) When using the _____ interview, the clinician pursues specific lines of questioning based on the client’s answers to predetermined questions. (SCID) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (?) Which of the following statement is true with regard to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID)? Clinicians who administer the SCID modify the wording and order of questions to accommodate the particular individual whom they are examining. Despite their names, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II Disorders are actually which type of interviews? Clinical Interview (?) Which of the following is an advantage that the structured interview has over the unstructured interview? The structured interview is a systematic approach that is less subject to variations from clinician to clinician than an unstructured interview. Also, anyone with proper training can administer the SCID. A SCID-based diagnosis of a mood disorder means the same thing regardless of who conducted the study. A mental status examination ... ...assesses a client's current state of mind. Which of the following is a structured tool that clinicians use as a brief screening device to assess dementia? Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Which of the following areas assessed during a mental status exam is primarily relevant in terms of understanding a client’s receptivity to treatment? Outcome = description of how the client looks, thinks, feels, and behaves. (?) A(n) _____ is a method of objectively as


Thousands gathered for commemorations in Dublin during 100th anniversary of Ireland's Easter Rising against Britain, which inspired the country's eventual independence [Peter Morrison/AP] By Barbara McCarthy Dublin, Ireland - This week Irish people mark the centenary of the Easter Rising with commemorations across the country lasting until April 24. The uprising against the British Empire, which took place in Dublin and other cities and towns in Ireland during Easter week in 1916, marked a turning point in Irish history.  On Easter Monday, 100 years ago, rebels seized buildings across the capital and declared an Irish republic. But the empire responded and 485 people were killed before the rebels laid down their weapons and surrendered. Hundreds of thousands of people gathered in Dublin on Sunday to mark this anniversary in what was the largest commemorative event in the country's history. President Michael D Higgins laid a wreath at Kilmainham Gaol, where 14 of the 16 rebel leaders executed by the British were killed by firing squad. "The nation has journeyed many miles from the shell-shocked and burning Dublin of 1916," said the president. "We can see that in many respects we have not fully achieved the dreams and ideals for which our forebears gave so much. A democracy is always and must always be a work in progress, and how we use the independence we have been gifted will continue to challenge us, morally and ethically." Further commemorations are planned to remember all the victims throughout the month. Al Jazeera spoke to some key figures in Irish society about the significance of these events for Ireland today. Michael D Higgins, president of Ireland Michael D Higgins, president of Ireland [Barbara McCarthy/Al Jazeera] Michael D Higgins was elected to the Irish presidency in 2011. He is the ninth president of Ireland, an author, poet, politician and sociologist who has been heavily involved in the 1916 commemorations. "No matter what way you view it, 1916 is a major foundational event in terms of the Irish state, as it has emerged.  "Nineteen sixteen always played an important role in my life. For the 75th anniversary, I participated as a poet in an event called 'The Flaming Door', which was ran by poets and took place at the GPO featuring around 100 readings.  Later that day in Kilmainham gaol, where 15 leaders had been executed in 1916, there was a concert to honour those victims. It was an event not organised by the state, but by the cultural community. For me, 1916 is much easier to deal with than the civil war, which took place in Ireland between 1922 and 1923. "After 1916, some families had members who died in the Somme and others who died in Dublin. Then in the civil war, these families were divided again, as was mine. It did terrible damage. When civil wars happen as a result of legacies of empires, people do unto each other what they had done unto them." Paddy Cullivan, satirist, writer and musician  Paddy Cullivan, satirist, writer and musician [Barbara McCarthy/Al Jazeera] Paddy Cullivan is a celebrated Irish entertainer who created an audiovisual spectacle for the 100th anniversary of the Easter Rising called 'The Ten Dark Secrets of 1916,' which he will perform in locations across Ireland from on April 24 onwards. "I chose the actual date of the Easter Rising to kick-start the performances, which will involve imagery, historical references and lots of music and song because that's when it actually happened, rather than some lunisolar calendar event. "What I find most interesting about the Rising commemorations is that we don't even have a government in place this week, because no one got a majority vote in the recent elections. In my show, I will be drawing out fundamental changes that need to happen in Ireland." Aoibheann McCann, actress Aoibheann McCann, actress [Barbara McCarthy/Al Jazeera] Aoibheann McCann is an Irish actress, who is currently starring as suffragette and activist Maria Winifred Carney in a film, which is part of the GPO Witness History exhibition, a flagship visitor attraction at


Chatsworth House gardener, engineer and greenhouse expert, Joseph Paxton, created which iconic 1851 London building?

Joseph Paxton Joseph Paxton Sir Joseph Paxton Sir Joseph Paxton (3 August 1803 – 8 June 1865) was an English gardener , architect and Member of Parliament, best known for designing the Crystal Palace , and for cultivating the Cavendish banana , the most consumed banana in the western world. Contents 10 External links Early life Paxton was born in 1803, the seventh son of a farming family, in Milton Bryan , Bedfordshire. Some references, incorrectly, list his birth year as 1801. This is, as he admitted in later life, a result of misinformation he provided in his teens, which enabled him to enrol at Chiswick Gardens. He became a garden boy at the age of fifteen for Sir Gregory Osborne Page-Turner at Battlesden Park , near Woburn . After several moves, he obtained a position in 1823 at the Horticultural Society’s Chiswick Gardens. Chatsworth The Conservative Wall at Chatsworth The Horticultural Society’s gardens were close to the gardens of William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire at Chiswick House . The duke met the young gardener as he strolled in his gardens and became impressed with his skill and enthusiasm. He offered the 20-year-old Paxton the position of head gardener at Chatsworth , which was considered one of the finest landscaped gardens of the time. Although the duke was in Russia, Paxton set off for Chatsworth on the Chesterfield coach arriving at Chatsworth at half past four in the morning. By his own account he had explored the gardens after scaling the kitchen garden wall, set the staff to work, eaten breakfast with the housekeeper and met his future wife, Sarah Bown, the housekeeper’s niece, completing his first morning’s work before nine o’clock. He married Bown in 1827, [1] and she proved capable of managing his affairs, leaving him free to pursue his ideas. He enjoyed a friendly relationship with his employer who recognised his diverse talents and facilitated his rise to prominence. One of Paxton’s first projects was to redesign the garden around the new north wing of the house and expand Chatsworth’s collection of conifers into a 40-acre (160,000 m2) arboretum which still exists. He became skilled at moving mature trees. The largest, weighing about eight tons, was moved from Kedleston Road in Derby. Among several other large projects at Chatsworth were the rock garden , the Emperor Fountain and rebuilding Edensor village. While at Chatsworth, he built the Emperor Fountain in 1844, [2] it was twice the height of Nelson’s Column and required the creation of a feeder lake on the hill above the gardens necessitating the excavation of 100,000 cu yd (76,000 m3) of earth. [3] Greenhouses Annie Paxton standing on a Victoria amazonica leaf in the lily house; Paxton’s design for the Crystal Palace took its cue from the organic structure of this plant. In 1832, Paxton developed an interest in greenhouses at Chatsworth where he designed a series of buildings with “forcing frames” for espalier trees and for the cultivation of exotic plants such as highly prized pineapples. [4] At the time the use of glass houses was in its infancy and those at Chatsworth were dilapidated. After experimentation, he designed a glass house with a ridge and furrow roof that would be at right angles to the morning and evening sun and an ingenious frame design that would admit maximum light: the forerunner of the modern greenhouse. The next great building at Chatsworth was built for the first seeds of the Victoria regia lily which had been sent to Kew from the Amazon in 1836. Although they had germinated and grown they had not flowered and in 1849 a seedling was given to Paxton to try out at Chatsworth. He entrusted it to Eduard Ortgies , a young gardener and within two months the leaves were 4.5 ft (1.4 m) in diameter, and a month later it flowered. It continued growing and it became necessary to build a much larger house, the Victoria Regia House. Inspired by the waterlily’s huge leaves – ‘a natural feat of engineering’ – he found the structure for his conservatory which he tested by floating his daughter Annie on a leaf. The secret was


Brahmanism is an ancient formative religion of?

Brahmanism | religion | Britannica.com Brahmanism Vallabhacharya Brahmanism, ancient Indian religious tradition that emerged from the earlier Vedic religion . In the early 1st millennium bce, Brahmanism emphasized the rites performed by, and the status of, the Brahman , or priestly , class as well as speculation about brahman (the Absolute reality) as theorized in the Upanishads (speculative philosophical texts that are considered to be part of the Vedas , or scriptures ). In contrast, the form of Hinduism that emerged after the mid-1st millennium bce stressed devotion (bhakti) to particular deities such as Shiva and Vishnu . During the 19th century, the first Western scholars of religion to study Brahmanism employed the term in reference to both the predominant position of the Brahmans and the importance given to brahman (the Sanskrit terms corresponding to Brahman and brahman are etymologically linked). Those and subsequent scholars depicted Brahmanism either as a historical stage in Hinduism’s evolution or as a distinct religious tradition. However, use of the term Brahmanism is controversial among practicing Hindus, especially within India, who generally view Brahmanism to be a part of their tradition rather than as a separate religion. Learn More in these related articles: India country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. It is a constitutional republic consisting of 29 states, each with a substantial degree of control over its own affairs; 6 less fully empowered union territories; and the Delhi national capital territory, which includes New Delhi, India’s... religion human beings’ relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or worthy of especial reverence. It is also commonly regarded as consisting of the way people deal with ultimate concerns about their lives and their fate after death. In many traditions, this... Vedic religion the religion of the ancient Indo-European-speaking peoples who entered India about 1500 bce from the region of present-day Iran. It takes its name from the collections of sacred texts known as the Vedas. Vedism is the oldest stratum of religious activity in India for which there exist written... 12 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References role in Indian philosophy  (in Indian philosophy: The prelogical period ) role of Samudra Gupta  (in Samudra Gupta ) Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: September 09, 2015 URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmanism Access Date: January 14, 2017 Share


CityPages October 2014 Issue by CityPages Kuwait (page 170) - issuu issuu Issuu on Google+ HOMEWORK FOR GROWN UPS EVERYTHING YOU LEARNED AT SCHOOL... BUT CAN YOU REMEMBER? General Knowledge Quiz 1. Al Jazeera means 'The (What?)'? 2. PDF, Adobe's universal computer document format, stands for what? Test Your Vocabulary Don Quixote offered to mount guard over the castle lest they should be attacked by some giant or other malevolent________, covetous of the great treasure of beauty the castle contained. 1. survivor 2. investigator 3. patriot 4. scoundrel 3. Chatsworth House gardener, engineer and greenhouse expert, Joseph Paxton, created which iconic 1851 London building? 4. What was a originally an ancient Greek post-banquet drinking party, and nowadays 6. Brahmanism is an ancient formative religion of: Hinduism; Islam; Catholicism; or Mormonism? 7. Bundes in the German 'Bundesliga' soccer league refers to: Old; Federal; Competition; or Professional? ANSWER: 4. In this question, scoundrel is a noun that means someone who does evil deliberately. tailwind; With a crosswind; or Sun behind? A scoundrel is a person who does deliberately evil things. If your brother hides a fake mouse in your shoe and you therefore almost have a heart attack while getting dressed, you have every right to call him a scoundrel. 5. Runway selection for aircraft take-off and landing is generally: Into headwind; With Though the term scoundrel isnâ€™t used as much as it once was, itâ€™s the perfect way to describe someone who breaks the law, has no morals, or someone like your sneaky sibling who loves to play practical jokes. Most villains in movies and on television can be put in this category. Interestingly, though women are quite capable of equally wicked behavior, this particular term is usually reserved for men. refers to a researchers/academic conference? 8. Which punningly alliteratively named professor drove the No3 Convert-a-Car in Wacky Races? 9. What Anglicized Italian term from Latin 'not known' refers to a person's having a Tricky Mathematician Problem concealed or false identity? 10. In 1849 US mechanic Walter Hunt patented what multi-billion-selling and punk I have a huge bed-sheet of 1 meter long. rock device? I want to cuts this role into pieces of 20 centimeter long 11. Which multi-award-winning 1982s movie is considered to have included the cloth. biggest ever crowd of extras? 12. What potent plant is called technically Papaver somniferum? How long will it take me to cut the bed sheet if each 20 13. Burlap is an old material traditionally used in making: Hats; Scarves; Sacks; or centimeter cut took me 5 minutes ? Socks? 14. In constitutional terminology, put these structures in order of power- so 49x5 => 245 minutes centralization, most to least: Confederation; Unitary; Federation? It will take 49 cuts not 50. ANSWER: 245 minutes 15. What community-support focused branch of Christianity grew from the work of brothers John and Charles Wesley and George Whitefield? 16. Appearing in many food/drink names, what is produced when cereal grain germination is halted by hot air drying? 17. In 2014 the EU introduced a maximum 1600watt power rating for: Vacuum JUMBLED WORDS L I Q T U cleaners; Mobility scooters; Buskers; or Residential Xmas lights? 18. In 2014 Russia closed branches of what global brand amidst East-West sanction? 19. The fin whale, second largest animal after the blue whale, excretes approximately how many litres per day: 3; 15; 100; or 1,000? 20. The old English profession 'cofferer', typically employed in a royal household, Z A G E L N I N E E G F O R T P I equates nowadays to a: Gardener; Tea-maid; Accountant; or Hairdresser? citypageskuwait.com ANSWERS:QUILT, GLAZE, ENGINE, PROFIT, NEGATE ANSWERS:1.Island (referring to the Arabian Peninsular), 2.Portable Document Format, 3.Crystal Palace, 4.Symposium (from sun, together, and potes, drinker), 5.Into headwind, 6.Hinduism, 7.Federal, 8.Pat Pending, 9.Incognito, 10.Safety pin (reportedly he sold the patent to repay a modest debt, and th


In 1849 US mechanic Walter Hunt patented what multi-billion-selling and punk rock device?

A Visual History of the Safety Pin | Museum of Every Day Life A Visual History of the Safety Pin A Visual History of the Safety Pin A Visual History of the Safety Pin Antiquity In Homer’s Odyssey, Antinous, (one of the unscrupulous suitors of Odysseus’ wife Penelope) presents Penelope with a gift of jeweled pins in an attempt to seduce her:  Then Antinous said, “Queen Penelope, daughter of Icarius, take as many presents as you please from any one who will give them to you; it is not well to refuse a present; but we will not go about our business nor stir from where we are, till you have married the best man among us whoever he may be.” The others applauded what Antinous had said, and each one sent his servant to bring his present. Antinous’s man returned with a large and lovely dress most exquisitely embroidered. It had twelve beautifully made pins of pure gold with which to fasten it and gleamed like sunlight… Herodotus’s Histories mention the long, dagger-like pins Athenian women used to fasten their tunics, and recount the murder of an Athenian soldier by a group of angry women who stabbed him to death with their cloak pins. A law was passed forbidding the wearing of the Athenian-style tunic.   Ancient Roman Fibula The Latin Fibula is an ancient precursor to the safety pin, used in the ancient and early medieval world to keep togas, cloaks, hoods, and other kinds of clothing fastened in place, replacing the straight pins used in the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age. Most fibulae are made of bronze or iron, but some were encrusted with jewels, decorated with enamel, glass, coral or bone.  Anatomy of the Fibula The four parts of a Fibula are the Body, the Pin, the Spring, and the Hinge.  The Body The Body of the Fibula was generally one of two types, either long and narrow, referred to as a “Bow,” or flat and wide, called a “Plate.” Bow type Fibulae appeared in the late Bronze Age, using simple forms, at first a low flat arch, and later, by the 6th Century BC, a more rounded, higher arch. Decorative variations developed, using spirals, oval, and diamond shaped forms. In the Roman Era in the 1st Century AD, a wide variety of variations in the fibula Body proliferated, including shapes of common weapons, animal shapes, and other highly decorative embellishments. The spring or hinge end of the Body is referred to as the Head and the end where the fibula closes is called the Foot. Fibulae were worn facing up, down, or to the side, depending on the culture and time period.  The Pin The pin of a Fibula was either a continuation of the body, or a separate piece that attached to it. The Catch Plate is the name of the connection point which closed the fibula, holding the Pin in place. The Spring Early Fibulae had a unilateral Spring, which provided tension to the Pin. Unilateral Springs wound in one direction only, replaced later by bilateral springs, which wrapped around a holding pin or axel. By the 1st Century AD some springs were concealed under a metal cover that was an extension of the fibula Body.  The Hinge The early 1st Century AD saw the development of the Hinge, which attached the Pin to the Plate of the Body. In the 3rd Century AD the famous Crossbow Fibula design was created by placing the Hinge in the center of a long transverse bar. Spring-type and Hinge-type fibulae were used contemporaneously Medieval Europe Wealthy people of rank used elaborate safety pins of silver, gold, brass, and ivory. The poor most likely used wooden skewers. By the fifteenth century, pins were made from drawn iron wire.   Walter Hunt & The Invention of the Modern Safety Pin Walter Hunt (1796-1859) was a mechanic living in New York state, a prolific inventor, a man whose ethics and humility prevented him from profiting greatly from his inventions. In 1846, Hunt invented the lockstitch sewing machine, and suggested to his daughter that she manufacture the device. When she pointed out to him that this machine would put many poor women in the garment industry out of work, hunt dropped the idea and never patented his invention.   In 1849,


Which multi-award-winning 1982s movie is considered to have included the biggest ever crowd of extras?

The 15 Best British Films of The 1980s « Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists 01 October 2014 | Features , Film Lists | by George Cromack 8. Rita, Sue & Bob Too (1987) This bawdy comedy directed by Alan Clarke and adapted by Andrea Dunbar (from her own play), sees well heeled husband and father Bob (George Costigan) embark on an affair with two babysitters Rita (Siobhan Finneran) and Sue (Michelle Holmes) both from a less well off area of Bradford in West Yorkshire. As the plot escalates Bob’s wife becomes suspicious of his activity and Sue begins another relationship with Pakistani taxi driver Aslam (Kulvinder Ghir). A cult favourite, the film keeps its pace and humour with enjoyable elements of farce throughout. However, there are more cutting and gritty social issues within the narrative. Sue’s relationship with Aslam can be considered as a timely portrayal of interracial relationships in British cinema, unfortunately this ends in domestic violence rendering its depiction as a negative one. Bob is portrayed as something of a ‘Jack-the-Lad’ character fitting to the comedic slant of the story but his covert sexual antics with two school girls (both 16) could also be viewed very differently. Dunbar herself (who died in 1990 aged only 29) came into conflict with residents from the area of Bradford portrayed in the film (where she herself lived). A continuation of the ‘kitchen sink’ social realism of the 50’s & 60’s but arguably for an audience with an awareness of 70’s sex comedy, the film provides a snap shot of various social divisions within 1980’s Britain.   7. Mona Lisa (1986) Neil Jordan’s drama sees recently released career criminal George (Bob Hoskins) accept a job driving high-class prostitute Simone (Cathy Tyson) from client to client. Falling ‘in love’ with Simone; George descends into the underbelly of London’s sex trade as he searches for her lost friend Cathy (Kate Hardy). In the wake of Hoskins’ role in The Long Good Friday (1979), and coupled with Mona Lisa’s subject matter, there is a temptation to view the film as a possible companion piece to Get Carter (1970). However, it is better read as more of a conscious 1980’s echo or response following social change. The audience can note how the world George knew before prison has altered, the Mk2 Jaguar (iconic of 60’s/70’s crooks) he ferries Simone around in no longer cuts a dash and seems out of place, his clothes are dated, he is dated –‘romantic’ – and his family have moved on. It is here where Hoskins’ character grabs the audience’s empathy and keeps them following him throughout the film. Tyson too puts in a fine performance along with the supporting cast which includes Robbie Coltrane, whose character Thomas’ appearance serves to lift the mood.   6. Time Bandits (1981) The first in director Terry Gilliam’s ‘Trilogy of Imagination’ ,Time Bandits entry on the list can be considered interchangeable with Brazil and to a lesser extent The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (Muchausen is slightly too disjointed and was less well received). The trilogy explores imaginative escapism through the eyes of a child, a middle aged man and that of an old man. A gang of dwarves appear in 11 year-old Kevin’s (Craig Warnock) bedroom on the run with a map of holes in time they have stolen from the Supreme Being (Ralph Richardson). Co-written with fellow Python Michael Palin (who also appears in the film), the concept of the universe being a ‘rushed job’ leaving various holes one might, if they have the map, journey through is a exiting one. Whilst it might lack the more mature artistic endeavour and visuals of its ‘sequel’ Brazil, Time Bandits projects a true, if slightly dark, fantasy arena of fun and infinite possibility (like childhood imagination). Not the first film to receive finance from Handmade Films, it was the first to be started by the British production company co-founded by George Harrison. Time Bandits also features the performance David Rappaport will be most recognised for as Randall, the self-appointed leader of the gang.   5. Gandhi (1982


What potent plant is called technically Papaver somniferum?

Erowid Papaver somniferum (Opium Poppy) Vault Opium Poppy; Plant of Joy; Mawseed EFFECTS CLASSIFICATION Sedative; Euphoriant DESCRIPTION Papaver somniferum is a annual that with brilliant white or red flowers growing on a central bulbous pod. When scratched, the pod produces a milkly latex called opium. This latex contains a variety of opiates including codeine and morphine. It has a long history of use in Asia and Europe. GENERAL INFORMATION #


Burlap is an old material traditionally used in making?

Burlap Sack Ideas, Pictures, Remodel and Decor Novenstein 9,366 Saves | 12 Questions Unique artwork - It’s almost a shame to put the lovely nubbly texture of hessian sacks behind glass. However, these framed sacks look fantastic as a background to a dark wood table and leather banquette in a country-style kitchen-dining area. Example of a transitional eat-in kitchen design in Other with an undermount sink, recessed-panel cabinets, white cabinets, white backsplash and subway tile backsplash — Houzz If you’d simply feel more comfortable keeping electricity away from sinks, look to your bar counter as a refuge for lamps in need of a home. Yes, this countertop is shared by the sink, but it’s not hard to imagine a stand-alone bar or console table at the foot of the dining table instead. — Deborah K Transformational Design Concepts Basement Development 432 Saves | 1 Question Keep an eye out for sales throughout the year to find the best deal. Here are a few ideas for not-strictly-seasonal pillow covers to consider adding to your stash: Burlap feed sack: great for a rustic fall and winter look, but can be used year-roundSparkly, metallic hues: perfect for a festive feelVelvet in rich jewel tones: for cold fall and winter nightsGolden yellow: can be mixed with seasonal oranges and reds in the fall, but also feels fresh in spring and summer. Traditional bedroom idea in Calgary — Houzz Love those pillows with the navy Maybe a navy accent wall and tan and white bedding? — Jesse and Amy Weddle Traditional Living Room 943 Saves | 5 Questions Another alternative is fabric stiffener, which should make the burlap even more rigid and firm. Design detail: Turn burlap into a work of art. The typography on this vintage cocoa bean sack makes a graphic statement in a room rich with eclectic details. Cut the sack down to size and spray it with starch to make it easier for framing. Example of a classic living room design in Los Angeles — Houzz If there is ever a need to swag a light fixture then this is not so ugly with the cords coveted in fabric. — dutchy


What community-support focused branch of Christianity grew from the work of brothers John and Charles Wesley and George Whitefield?

Theology of John and Charles Wesley | THE BIBLE University & THE BIBLE Church Ministries, Nepal Theology of John and Charles Wesley In T&T Clark Companion to Methodism, 20–35. Edited by Charles Yrigoyen, Jr. New York: T&T Clark, 2010. (This .pdf version reproduces pagination of printed form) Theology of John and Charles Wesley Randy L. Maddox When “Methodism” was first identified—and criticized—within eighteenthcentury British religious life, the most frequent target was George Whitefield. As this reminds us, there was a Calvinist strand of early Methodism that existed in some tension with the strand led by John and Charles Wesley. While a few remnants of Calvinist Methodism can still be found, it was the Wesleyan wing of the movement that flourished and spread across the globe, shaped by the theological contributions of the Wesley brothers. As a result, Methodism today is generally equated with its Wesleyan form and theological emphases. Historical Background to John and Charles Wesley’s Theological Stance The theological emphases of John and Charles Wesley, including points of divergence from their friend Whitefield, are best understood in light of the theological spectrum of their day. This spectrum was broad, due to the history that lay behind it. The original split of the Church of England from Rome was more over jurisdictional matters than theological concerns. Henry VIII was no champion of Protestant agendas. Through his reign there were mixed influences of moderate Lutheranism and currents of the Reformed tradition with strong continuing Catholic sympathies. When Edward VI was enthroned (1549) the Reformed influences grew stronger, but this was abruptly halted by Edward’s death and the ascension of Mary Tudor (1553), who attempted to restore Roman Catholic primacy in England. While Mary’s short rule produced several hundred martyrs, it did not accomplish her broader goal. Elizabeth I quickly renewed the autonomy of the Church of England from Rome, and provided stability for this status through her extended tenure on the throne (1558–1603). The Elizabethan church is often described as a via media (middle way) between Rome and Geneva (as center of the Reformed tradition). This description may fit when considering issues of church organization and liturgical 21 practice. Its adequacy for capturing the theological tone of this period is less clear. It suggests that the mainstream of the church held to moderating views on central issues like predestination and justification. Recent studies have built a strong case that the majority of church leaders and educated laity in the Elizabethan church were instead solidly Reformed in theological commitments, and stress how this identity carried over through the reign of James I (1603–25).1 When Charles I took the throne in 1625, William Laud and some associates were given key leadership roles in the church. They emphasized episcopal authority, sacramental piety, and the use of liturgy and symbolism in worship, while downplaying or rejecting predestinarian theology. They justified these stances by appeal to a model of the via media that now did cast Geneva as the antipode to Rome. But for many English clergy and laity their moves appeared to be a covert reversion to “popery.” Reaction contributed to the outbreak of civil war in 1642 and the subsequent martyrdoms of Laud (1645) and Charles I (1649). The Commonwealth government that displaced Charles I was dominated by Puritans and set about transforming the Church of England toward a presbyterian polity and replacing the Book of Common Prayer with a Reformed Directory of Public Worship and the Articles of Religion with the Westminster Confession of Faith. These were heady times for Puritans, but short-lived. Continuing political chaos led to the recall of Charles II to the throne in 1660, and soon after the restoration of the church to its pre-war standards of doctrine and practice. This was capped by the Act of Uniformity of 1662 which forced some 2,000 Puritan clergy out of the established church, effectively ending the domin


In 2014 the EU introduced a maximum 1600watt power rating for?

Buy a powerful vacuum cleaner before EU bans them, warns Which? | This is Money comments Many of the best vacuum cleaners will be taken off the market from next month when a new EU rule comes into force banning the most powerful models Households that need a powerful vacuum cleaner should ‘act quickly’ before all of the models currently available sell out, consumer watchdog Which? warned. From September 1, manufacturers will not be able to make or import vacuums with a motor that exceeds 1,600 watts. Scroll down for video Floored logic: Critics say the new regulation will not save energy because households will only vacuum for longer to reach the same level of cleanliness But Which? warned that many of the best models, which appear in its Best Buy tables, have motor sizes that exceed this. Of seven awarded ‘Best Buy’ status since January 2013, five have motors of more than 1,600 watts, it said.   More... 5. Hoover Smart Pets SM1901 Bagless Upright Vacuum Cleaner. 1,900W. BANNED BY SEPTEMBER  Critics say cleaners satisfying the new rule may use less power, but householders will have to use them for longer so they are likely to use the same amount of electricity in the long run. For the first time, vacuum cleaners will have ratings from A to G for energy use, cleaning performance on carpets and hard floors and dust emissions. But manufacturers will create their own labels and will be self-regulated. Which? warned that it is unclear whether the ratings will be tested at all by an independent third party.  Specification: A sample of the label that manufacturers will put on all vacuum cleaners (Source: European Commission) It added that manufacturers that give themselves A ratings across the board often don’t do so well in its own independent tests, while those that do not score as highly often do better in the Which? laboratories.  Which? only offers its list of ‘endangered’ Best Buy vacuum cleaners to its paid subscribers.  But popular cleaners still on sale at the moment which would be outlawed by the new rule include a Bosch Power All Floor Bagged Vacuum Cleaner, a Miele S6210 2000 Watt Bagged Cylinder Vacuum Cleaner and the Panasonic Bagged Upright Vacuum Cleaner Black 2000w. Despite his company not producing any vacuum over 1,400 watts, Sir James Dyson, the billionaire entrepreneur who pioneered ‘bagless’ vacuums, is also angered by the proposal.  He says the eco-labels will be misleading because they will not take into account the cost and waste of vacuum bags and filters and will give an advantage to competitors who use ‘bag’ technology. He is seeking a judicial review of the proposal at the European Court of Justice. As many as 126 million vacuum cleaner bags were sent to landfill last year alone, according to Dyson, assuming that all the bagged vacuum cleaners use one bag a month. But the cost to households and the environment is not factored in to the new EU labelling. But the European Commission believes the new regulations will mean better vacuum cleaners for consumers. ‘As a result of the new EU ecodesign and labelling regulations, consumers will also get better vacuum cleaners,’ European Commission spokeswoman for energy Marlene Holzner said in a blog. 'In the past there was no legislation on vacuum cleaners and companies could sell poorly performing vacuum cleaners. ‘Now, vacuum cleaners that use a lot of energy, that pick up dust poorly, emit too much dust at the exhaust of the vacuum cleaner, are noisy or break down pre-maturely will not be allowed on the market anymore.  'This means a better cleaning experience and less time and money spent on vacuum cleaning.’ The new measures will be extended to other appliances, including water pumps, water heaters and tumble dryers. THE SURPRISE 'ENERGY GUZZLERS' HIDING IN YOUR HOME Beware of frosty shelves: An inefficient freezer can be a drain on households' energy consumption The European Commission is set to enforce rules that it says will make vacuum cleaners more energy efficient. But could you have other surprise energy guzzlers hiding in your home? Here are a c


Viticulture refers to the cultivation of what fruit?

Organic Viticulture | Organic One Organic Viticulture Wines Of Superb Taste, Extra Dimensional Purity & Undeniable Vitality. Feeds: Organic Viticulture refers to the cultivation of organic grapes for use in the production of organic wine. Vital Ingredients For Successful Organic Viticulture Terroir (“a sense of place”) Healthy “Live” Soil Quality A Grower’s Wine Terroir Originally a French term, it is loosely translated as ‘a sense of place’ which embodies the unique qualities, and the sum effects of the local environment on the wine. Consider it the fingerprint of a specific wine growing region and the wine that is produced.(More on Terroir >>>)   Why Billabong Creek? The Bonic family chose to settle along Billabong Creek due to the ideal conditions for growing high quality grapes. What makes the region so ideal is a combination of climate and soil, the vital elements required to grow highest quality fruit. The climate in the area is dry which makes the vines less prone to disease. The soil is rich and produces grapes of exceptional characteristics. Our passion at Organic One is to maximize the qualities of the distinctive soil and climate characteristics to produced the highest quality organic grapes so we can make the best quality organic wine. Healthy “Live” Soil Quality At Organic One we view natural soil as a living ecosystem and a healthy ’live’ soil is vital to organic viticulture success. The soil supplies the vine with nutrients and prominent taste characteristics to the grapes.One of the main reasons the Bonic family settled along Billabong Creek is that the soil is clean and more clay-like than sandy. Lighter sandy soils tend to produce grapes with watery thin flavours. The heavier clay-like soil is rich in essential minerals required to grow healthy vines that produce high vibrancy grapes, which in turn produce premium wine. Enriching the soil is fundamental to organic farming pratices. At Organic One we do this by promoting optimal microbial activity by natural composting, covering crops, using‘vine-friendly’ animal husbandry and adopting biodiversity. Composting & Microbial Activity To replace chemical fertilizers, which are commonly used in conventional viticulture to maximize crop yields at the expense of quality and the natural environment, we create our own special composting mix. Our specially prepared biodynamic compost mix provides our vines with all the minerals, beneficial microbes and other essential nutrients required for healthy growth. The vines are energised through the compost, where the microbes convert the compost to food for the soil and vines. Sheep Husbandry & Microbial Activity Plants need animals as much as the animals need plants. We allow sheep to roam free at out vineyards to enhance our vineyards soil quality and health of the vines. As the sheep eat the grass, beneficial microbes naturally multiply in their intestines and pass them out onto the soil, which in turn these microbes mineralise and enliven the soil that the grape vines feeds on.The sheep also nibbles on the vines transferring beneficial microbes their mouths to the vine, which boosts our grape vines immune system. Biodiversity At Organic One we encourage a more natural environment to enhance our organic viticulture practices. On our vineyards, the vines live in symbiosis with other plants, as well as insects, birds, and other small animals. This “biodiversity” helps regulate our vineyard soil by attracting beneficial insects, spiders and predatory mites, as well as provide shelter and food (pollen, nectar and other bugs), which replaces the need for chemical pesticides or insecticides. Wildlife Sanctuary We have created a Wildlife Sanctuary lake environment adjoining our vineyard to attract wildlife. This also energetically enlivens our environmental farming practice as a holistic system. Wild Growth As part of our organic viticulture practices, we allow natural wild plants to grow between the rows of our vines. Wild plant growth aids our vines in many ways by… Encouraging the natural predators of the vine’s enemies.


What ancient seminal Palestinian city is 'house of meat' in Arabic, and 'house of bread' in Hebrew?

Bethlehem | town, West Bank | Britannica.com town, West Bank Alternative Titles: Bayt Laḥm, Bet Leḥem, Bethlehem Ephrathah, Bethlehem-Judah Related Topics Saint Jerome Bethlehem, Arabic Bayt Laḥm (“House of Meat”), Hebrew Bet Leḥem (“House of Bread”), town in the West Bank , situated in the Judaean Hills, 5 miles (8 km) south of Jerusalem . According to the Gospels (Matthew 2; Luke 2), Bethlehem was the site of the nativity of Jesus Christ . Christian theology has linked this with the belief that his birth there fulfills the Old Testament prophecy of Israel’s future ruler coming from Bethlehem Ephrathah (Micah 5:2). Some modern New Testament scholars believe parts of the Gospel accounts to be later accretions and hold that Jesus was born in Nazareth , his childhood home, but normative Christian belief has sanctified Bethlehem as Jesus’ birthplace for almost two millennia. Bethlehem, West Bank. Manger Square and the Church of the Nativity during the traditional Christmas procession in … Nasser Shiyoukhi/AP In the Bible the city is often referred to as Bethlehem Ephrathah, or Bethlehem-Judah. An ancient settlement, it is possibly mentioned in the Amarna Letters (14th-century-bce diplomatic documents found at Tell el-Amarna , Egypt), but the reading there is uncertain. Bethlehem is first mentioned in the Bible in connection with Rachel , who died on the wayside near there (Genesis 35:19). It is the setting for most of the Book of Ruth and was the presumed birthplace, and certainly the home, of Ruth’s descendant King David; there he was anointed king of Israel by the prophet Samuel (I Samuel 16). The town was fortified by Rehoboam, David’s grandson and the first king of Judah after the division of the state between Israel and Judah (II Chronicles 11). During the Jewish return to Palestine after the Babylonian Exile (516 bce and following), the town was repopulated; later a Roman garrison was there during the Second Jewish Revolt led by Bar Kokhba (135 ce). Similar Topics Janīn The site of the Nativity of Jesus was identified by St. Justin Martyr , a 2nd-century Christian apologist, as a manger in “a cave close to the village”; the cave, now under the nave of the Church of the Nativity in the heart of the town, has been continuously venerated by Christians since then. St. Helena (c. 248–c. 328), mother of the first Christian Roman emperor ( Constantine I ), had a church built over the cave; later destroyed, it was rebuilt in substantially its present form by Emperor Justinian (reigned 527–565). The Church of the Nativity is thus one of the oldest Christian churches extant . Frequent conflicts have arisen over the jurisdiction of various faiths at the sacred site, often incited by outside interests; thus, for example, the theft in 1847 of the silver star marking the exact traditional locus of the Nativity was an ostensible factor in the international crisis over the holy places that ultimately led to the Crimean War (1854–56). The church was later divided between the Greek Orthodox , Roman Catholic , and Armenian Orthodox faiths. Greek Orthodox priests and worshippers gather for a mass at the Church of the Nativity in … Kevin Frayer/AP The town has been a monastic centre for centuries; St. Jerome built a monastery there and, with the aid of Palestinian rabbis, translated the Old Testament into Latin from the original Hebrew (5th century ce). This, together with the New Testament, which he had translated from the Greek before going to Palestine, constitutes the Vulgate , the standard Latin translation of the Bible used by the Roman Catholic Church. In modern times, Bethlehem was administered as part of the British mandate of Palestine (1920–48; see Palestine: The British mandate ); after the first of the Arab-Israeli wars in 1948–49, it was in the territory annexed by Jordan in 1950 and placed in Al-Quds (Jerusalem) muḥāfaẓah (governorate). After the Six-Day War of 1967, it was part of the Israeli-occupied territory of the West Bank (see Arab-Israeli wars ). Bethlehem came under control of the Palestinian Authority in the wake


'Die Adler', nickname of the German national soccer team, means 'The (What)'?

The Bundesliga Dictionary - bundesliga.com The Bundesliga Dictionary vor 2 Stunden Why wouldn't you want to speak German? After all, it's the language of the world champions. Not sure if you know your Aufstieg from your Abstieg or your Schwarz-Gelben from your Grün-Weißen? Rest easy because bundesliga.com is here to help with this handy A-Z of German football terms. 0-9 50+1 rule - League Association rules stipulate that members of all German professional clubs must retain at least a 50 per cent plus one share, thus preventing any single entity taking control. A Abwehr - defence Abwehrreihe - back line Achter - a player who plays the 'no.8' role in midfield, a box-to-box player, adept in both attack and defence Die Adler - the Eagles: a reference to the majestic bird of prey that adorns the Eintracht Frankfurt shirts Die Alte Dame - nickname for Hertha Berlin, literally 'the Old Lady' Angriff - attack Außenverteidiger - full-back auswärts - away from home Auto City club - nickname sometimes given to VfL Wolfsburg owing to the city's famous car manufacturer and main sponsor, Volkswagen. B Baden-Württemberg derby - A derby game contested by clubs from the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg, such as SC Freiburg, 1899 Hoffenheim or Karlsruher SC (Baden) and VfB Stuttgart or VfR Aalen (Württemberg) Ballbesitz - possession Bananenflanke - curler, in-/ outswinger (cross); banana ball Bank - substitutes' bench Beinschuss - nutmeg Betzenberg/Betze - popular name for 1. FC Kaiserslautern's Fritz-Walter-Stadion, so called due to its location on the Betzenberg Hill Bökelbergstadion - the former home of Borussia Mönchengladbach, until the Foals moved into the BORUSSIA-PARK at the beginning of the 2004/05 season Die Breisgauer - belonging to the Breisgau region, encompassing part of the Black Forest... SC Freiburg mit breiter Brust - literally 'with a big chest', meaning: with confidence Bruchweg Boys - collective nickname given to then-Mainz players Lewis Holtby , Andre Schürrle and Adam Szalai , who celebrated as if they were a rock band when they scored during the 2010/11 season. Bruchweg was the name of Mainz's former stadium. Bundestrainer - the title given to the coach of the Germany national team, currently Joachim Löw BVB - abbreviation commonly used to refer to Borussia Dortmund. The initials stand for Ballspiel-Verein Borussia, or Borussia ball-sports club C Cannstatter Kurve - the home fans' main stand at VfB Stuttgart's Mercedes-Benz Arena Der Club - a succinct alternative for 1. FC Nürnberg (1st Football Club Nuremberg) Coachingzone - technical area D Dahoam - often used in the phrase 'Finale Dahoam', literally 'home final', which refers to FC Bayern München's ill-fated 2012 UEFA Champions League final on home turf against Chelsea FC Dauerkarte - season ticket Dinos - nickname for Hamburger SV - the 'dinosaurs' - referring to the club's status as the only side in Germany to have played exclusively in the Bundesliga since its inception in 1963 Doppelpack - brace Endspiel - final Endstand - final score Englische Woche - literally meaning 'English week', referring to a busy period of matches where teams have a midweek fixture, as is the norm in English football Eröffnungsspiel - the inaugural match of the new Bundesliga season, contested between the reigning champions and one of the other 17 teams and, since the 2002/03 season, played on a Friday evening Ersatzspieler - substitute Erzrivale - arch rivals, for example Borussia Dortmund and FC Bayern München F Fahrstuhlmannschaft - literally an 'elevator side' due to a tendency to move up and down between leagues: a 'yo-yo team' Fallrückzieher - bicycle kick, overhead kick Flanke - cross Die Flingeraner - a tribute to Fortuna Düsseldorf's humble beginnings in the working-class district of Flingern Die Fohlen - the Foals: a name given to Borussia Mönchengladbach's enterprising young bucks of the 1970s, now the team's recognised nickname Freistoß - free kick Freundschaftsspiel - friendly game Die Fuggerstädter - a quirky option for FC Augsburg: the small city in Bavarian


In the the expression 'whet your appetite', the old word 'whet' technically means?

'Whet your appetite' - the meaning and origin of this phrase Whet your appetite To have your interest in something, especially food, stimulated. Origin This phrase is often confused with 'wet your whistle'. Uncertainty about the spelling of the first word, either as whet or wet, leads to both phrases being wrongly spelled too. In fact there's no connection between the two terms, which are properly spelled as 'whet your appetite' and 'wet your whistle'. The allusion in the former is to the sharpening of tools on a whetstone (grindstone) and to whet means just to sharpen. So, 'whetting our appetite' is 'sharpening our appetite'. 'Wet your whistle' predates 'whet your appetite' by some centuries, and was first recorded in the 1386 Towneley Mysteries: "Had She oones Wett Hyr Whystyll She couth Syng full clere Hyr pater noster." Whistle here means throat or voice and the phrase just means 'take a drink'. You may see it put about that 'wet your whistle' derives from the practice of using a whistle in the taverns of Olde Englande to summon the landlord with more drinks. This is complete tosh. The Internet makes it easy to circulate information; unfortunately it isn't discriminating and stories like that tend to gain a foothold quite quickly. That form of digitally enhanced folk etymology is called netymology. As French wine growers used to say when complaining of inferior wines that were labelled as the prestigious Appelation Controllé - "the paper never refuses the ink". If you would like to dispel some popular fallacies you could try life in the 1500s or the Nonsense Nine . Back to whet/wet your appetite/whistle. The spelling as 'wet your appetite' is quite understandable. Whet is no longer a common word, whereas its homonym 'wet' obviously is. Also, when tools are ground on whetstones they need to be lubricated with water or oil to prevent overheating. Whetstones were normally constructed with a water bath or some form of drip on to the stone. The assumption that 'whet' and 'wet' are the same word is thus encouraged. Added to that is the 18th century habit of serving liqueurs as hors d'oeuvre - in that case literally wetting the appetite (they also served turnips as appetizers - thankfully we have moved on). Although not as old as 'wet your whistle', 'whet your appetite' has been in the language for some time. It is first alluded to in Thomas Shadwell's The Squire of Alsatia, 1688: "Let's whett; bring some Wine. Come on; I love a Whett." A more explicit use is in Thomas Dekker's If it be not good, the diuel is in it, 1612: "[He] seekes new wayes to whet dull appetite." By the early 19th century the phrase had begun to be used figuratively to refer to sharpening the appetite for things other than food, as here in a report from The Times, May 1801: "It [defending Portugal] would only whet the appetite of Bonaparte and increafe ftill more the dangers of invafion."


In Australian slang, someone called a 'mollydooker' is a?

World Wide Words: Mollydooker Random page Mollydooker Q From Mark Roome: A mollydooker is an Australian expression for a left-handed person. I'm curious to know the origin. A The answer divides neatly into two halves, one for each part of the word. One’s dukes or dooks are one’s hands, of course, as in the American to duke it out, to fight with the fists. There are two stories about its origin, both of which take it back to London slang of the early to middle part of the nineteenth century. One theory is that an older slang term for the hand was fork, in reference to using the fingers like a pair of tweezers to slip something surreptitiously out of a person’s pocket without them knowing about it. Cockney rhyming slang then converted fork into Duke of York and so, by the usual process of abbreviation, to duke. Some authorities regard this as an over-complex evolution (and who can blame them?), and suggest that the word is really from Romany, the language of the Rom, or gypsies, in which dukker means to tell fortunes, presumably by palmistry. This theory is itself less than totally convincing. The other half of your term, molly, seems to be yet another example of the use of that word to mean an effeminate male, as in mollycoddle . The implication seems to have been that anybody left-handed was a bit queer in at least one respect. There are various spellings for the slang term, including molly-duker, and there’s also a related form, molly-hander. It’s first recorded in Australia in the 1920s. Share this page