Which 1957 treaty paved the way for the European Union?

The Origins 1945-1957 - The history of the European Union and European Citizenship The Origins 1945-1957 From Schuman   Declaration to the Treaty of Rome (1950-1957) From the   end of the war to Schuman Declaration  (1945-1950) Europe had to witness a second catastrophe, World War II (1939-1945), so that it fully becomes aware of the suicidal absurdity that nationalist rivalry had led the continent to. The necessity of some type of European integration in a new way to reorder the European political map became evident. Three realities evinced the necessity of this new orientation towards the European integration: Firstly, the Europeans'   awareness of their own weakness. Second World War had   put a definitive end to the traditional European hegemony in the world. The   two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, had a very   superior economic, political and military might than the heterogeneous   group of European States.  Secondly, the   conviction that it was necessary to avoid, by all possible means, coming   back to   a confrontation among European States. The two world wars had begun as   European civil wars and our continent had been the main battle field in both.   Essentially, it was a question of searching an accommodation between France and   Germany. A compromise that would be endorsed by the USA. The European   integration will paved the way to   guarantee peace. Thirdly, the extended   desire among many Europeans to create a freer, fairer and more prosperous   continent in which the international relationships were developed in a   framework of concord. In 1946, the former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill pronounced a celebrated speech at Zurich University (Switzerland). It was considered by many people as the first step towards European integration in the postwar period.   Winston Churchill "I wish to speak to you today about the tragedy of Europe. (...) Yet  all the while there is a remedy which, if it were generally and spontaneously  adopted by the great majority of people in many lands, would as if by a  miracle transform the whole scene, and would in a few years make all Europe,  or the greater part of it, as free and as happy as Switzerland is today. What  is this sovereign remedy? It is to recreate the European Family, or as much  of it as we can, and to provide it with a structure under which it can dwell  in peace, in safety and in freedom. We must build a kind of United States of  Europe. (...) The first step in the recreation of the European Family must be  a partnership between France and Germany." Winston Churchill Speech at Zurich University 19th September 1946 The United States, unlike after First World War, didn't opt for isolation and assumed its responsibility as the first world power by adopting a policy based on resolved intervention in European matters.  The American government was convinced that obstacles to free trade, spread after the 1929 slump and risen to its maximum expression in the Nazi and Fascist autarchy, had been largely responsible of the international tensions that led to the Second World War. The implementation of a free trade policy became a basic condition for any country to receive the so desired American economic aid. Moreover, in that time the world witnessed the beginning of Cold War. The United States, applying the denominated Truman Doctrine to curb the expansion of communism and of the Soviet Union, launched the Marshall Plan to alleviate the difficulties of European countries. It was to foster economic development in a destroyed Europe with the political objective of impeding the extension of the communism. The Marshall Plan The USA promoted the foundation of a centralised European organization that administered and organised the delivery of the massive economic help of the Plan Marshall. In 1948, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was established with this aim. This was one of the first institutions that involved a great part of Western European countries. OEEC helped


What is the staple diet of the leopard seal?

Leopard Seal Facts | Leopard Seal Diet & Habitat Facts for Kids Leopard Seal Facts | Leopard Seal Diet & Habitat Come and discover some of the essential leopard seal facts including leopard seal diet, reproduction, and physical features. The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) is regarded as the second largest species of seal all throughout Antarctic. The southern elephant seal is the largest specie among its family. These animals are also called sea leopards and are known to inhabit across the Antarctica coast and sub-Antarctic islands, with some species are also found on the southern coasts of Australia, South Africa, Lord Howe Island, Cook Islands, New Zealand, Tasmania, and South America. These animals can survive up to 26 years or more. The most common seal’s predators are sharks and orcas. The leopard seal belongs to the family of Phocidae. Interesting Leopard Seal Facts The leopard seal exhibits pale grey color from the stomach while the back is pure black. The males are faintly larger as compared to females. The length of the leopard seals measure around 2.4 – 3.5 meters (8.4 – 11.7 feet). The leopard seal weighs around 200 – 600 kg (440 – 1,300 lb). The front teeth of leopard seal are sharp like carnivores. These types of seals inhabit in the cold waters encompassing Antarctica. The leopard seals primarily rely on pack ice in the summer months. These species are normally solitary creatures in that they only group together at the time of mating. The gestation period of leopard seal lasts for 9 months. The female gives birth to a single pup in summer. The leopard seal is one of the bold and curious creatures. The length of the canine teeth of these animals measure around 2.5 cm (1 inch). The closest relatives of leopard seals are crabeater seal, Weddell seal, and Ross seal. In general, leopard seals are considered to be highly aggressive species but they seldom attack on humans. What Do Leopard Seals Eat The leopard seal predominantly feed on smaller species like krill, squid, and small fish. These animals are also known to take on adelie, Gentoo, emperor, and king penguins, together with other species such as crabeater seal and other seals. The leopard seals living in the sub-Antarctic island in South Georgia often prey on Antarctic fur Seal; while other prey includes fish, Antarctic krill, southern elephant seal, and penguins. Leopard Seal Facts | Video


What was the first battle in the American Revolution?

What Was The First Battle Of The Revolutionary War ? What Was The First Battle Of The Revolutionary War ?   What Was The First Battle Of The Revolutionary War ?   The first battles to be fought in the Revolutionary War were Battle of Lexington and Concord. They were fought in 1775 on April 19. The battle took place in Massachusetts Bay and Middlesex County. The towns that were affected due to the battle at that time were Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington) and Cambridge. This was also the first armed battle and weapons were used for killing British soldiers.  The colonials were attacked in a stealth plan where the British Army has been hatching for several months to attack them and empty their barracks. However, through some intelligence report, the colonials were warned of the incident to happen and so the war began. By the time the Red Coats arrived, the Colonials were already well prepared for the counter attack. The battle started in the wee hours of morning and several hundreds of colonial militia fought the Kings army and defeated them. One common thing noticed throughout the Revolutionary War was that the British were defeated several times in several battles. It is when finally the colonials started taking over state after state did they realize that they did not ever stand a chance to rule America. The armies that raged against the colonials receded back to Boston to eventually leave to Charlestown. The army of the Colonials had many capable people like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Hugh Earl. There was also a hymn composed later by Emerson, called the Concord Hymn. The Battle of Lexington memorial is present in Massachusetts even today for all the people interested in knowing about the first battle of the Revolutionary War. More Articles :


What was the profession of Louis Le Vau?

Louis Le Vau - Palace of Versailles Print Chief Architect to the King (1612-1670) The first great architect of the Versailles of Louis XIV, Le Vau built the grand apartments of the king and queen as well as the stone façade of the Château facing the garden, known as the “Le Vau Envelope” or “1668 Envelope”. Versailles was certainly the last major achievement of this great architect of the middle of the 17th century. After the Grand Divertissement of 1668, Louis XIV entrusted Le Vau, Chief Architect to the King since 1654, with the extension of the brick and stone palace of his father Louis XIII. Around the courtyard he built in the same style the symmetrical wings, the Stables and Grand Commun buildings, but chose stone to envelop the primitive château on the garden side. This is the famous “Envelope”. Abandoning the French tradition of slate roofs overlooking the courtyard, Le Vau adopted the Italian style of an invisible roof hidden by a balustrade adorned with trophies and ‘flaming urns’. This style was adopted and extended to the wings by his successor Hardouin-Mansart. In Versailles, Le Vau also built the first Orangerie and the Menagerie in the park. He began the construction of the Ambassadors staircase − the fabulous ceremonial staircase of the king’s grand apartment − and the decors of the royal apartments. These projects were completed by François d’Orbay (1634-1697), the principal collaborator and brief successor of Le Vau before the arrival of Hardouin-Mansart in 1675. A rich and powerful man, Le Vau made his name also by building numerous town houses in Paris for rich parliamentarians (Lambert, Tambonneau, Hesselin) and châteaux. The most famous − and the most expensive − of them was Vaux-le-Vicomte for the financier Nicolas Fouquet. A smaller Versailles before its time, Fouquet brought here − apart from Le Vau − Le Brun, Girardon and Le Nôtre. No private patron before him had ever so well employed the king’s artists. Before Versailles, Le Vau had worked for Louis XIV in Vincennes (pavilions of the king and queen), in the Louvre and the Tuileries. Facing the Louvre across the Seine, on the orders of cardinal Mazarin, he built the Collège des Quatre Nations (the present Institut de France). Here as in Versailles, the architect adopted a classical aesthetic with baroque details in the decoration and some Italian features characteristic of the architecture of the mid-17th century. He brought this aesthetic approach with him to Versailles.


Pinto Pegasus | Magistream Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia This egg shines with a beautiful luminescence, and two grey and white wings have emerged. Hatchling This little foal has a gorgeous pair of wings tucked closely against its sides. When extended, these wings shine brightly, like snow in sunlight. Though beautiful, these little ones are not as elegant as their elders. They enjoy playing, and more than one magi companion has been irritated by having to wash yet another muddy foal. Adventurous, pegasi younglings enjoy taking running leaps, extending wings in their first attempts at flight. They are only able to sustain flight for a few short moments before drifting to the ground, though. As they age, pegasi grow stronger and more experienced. By the time they reach adulthood, carrying a human companion while in flight poses no problem. While hatchlings, though, they spend their time happily int the field, grazing, playing, and sleeping. Adult Fully grown, pegasi make excellent choices as companions on journeys, able to take to the sky at any sign of danger, and traveling almost as fast on foot as they do when flying. Extremely intelligent, they memorize trails and paths with ease, letting their riders trust their magical companion to guide them. Even in violent storms a pinto pegasus can find their way home with ease. Also valuable is their ability to forage and care for themselves, an ability which is useful on the road, allowing magi to carry lighter loads. In the wild, these creatures are extremely secretive, wary of all humans. A magi can only be graced with one of their offspring if deemed worthy, honorable and kind. Pinto pegasi are a highly sought after breed of pegasi , as they are rarer than the pure color horses. They have extremely soft coats in which the colors of both parents are displayed - dark gray and white spots, placed randomly over their bodies. Other than their coloration, these pinto pegasi appear to be no different in nature than their light and dark pegasi brethren. Additional Information


Which Greek village was the principal sanctuary and oracle of Apollo?

Delphi - Ancient History Encyclopedia Delphi by Mark Cartwright published on 22 February 2013 Delphi was an important ancient Greek religious sanctuary sacred to the god Apollo . Located on Mt. Parnassus near the Gulf of Corinth , the sanctuary was home to the famous oracle of Apollo which gave cryptic predictions and guidance to both city -states and individuals. In addition, Delphi was also home to the panhellenic Pythian Games. Mythology & Origins The site was first settled in Mycenaean times in the late Bronze Age (1500-1100 BCE) but took on its religious significance from around 800 BCE. The original name of the sanctuary was Pytho after the snake which Apollo was believed to have killed there. Votive offerings at the site from this period include small clay statues (the earliest), bronze figurines, and richly decorated bronze tripods. Advertisement For the Greeks Delphi was considered the centre of the world. Delphi was also considered the centre of the world, for in Greek mythology Zeus released two eagles, one to the east and another to the west, and Delphi was the point at which they met after encircling the world. This fact was represented by the omphalos (or navel), a dome-shaped stone which stood outside Apollo’s temple and which also marked the spot where Apollo killed the Python. Apollo's Oracle The oracle of Apollo at Delphi was famed throughout the Greek world and even beyond. The oracle - the Pythia or priestess - would answer questions put to her by visitors wishing to be guided in their future actions. The whole process was a lengthy one, usually taking up a whole day and only carried out on specific days of the year. First the priestess would perform various actions of purification such as washing in the nearby Castalian Spring, burning laurel leaves, and drinking holy water. Next an animal - usually a goat - was sacrificed. The party seeking advice would then offer a pelanos - a sort of pie - before being allowed into the inner temple where the priestess resided and gave her pronouncements, possibly in a drug or natural gas-induced state of ecstasy.  Perhaps the most famous consultant of the Delphic oracle was Croesus , the fabulously rich King of Lydia who, faced with a war against the Persians, asked the oracle’s advice. The oracle stated that if Croesus went to war then a great empire would surely fall. Reassured by this, the Lydian king took on the mighty Cyrus . However, the Lydians were routed at Sardis and it was the Lydian empire which fell, a lesson that the oracle could easily be misinterpreted by the unwise or over-confident. Advertisement Panhellenic Games Delphi, as with the other major religious sites of Olympia , Nemea , and Isthmia , held games to honour various gods of the Greek religion . The Pythian Games of Delphi began sometime between 591 and 585 BCE and were initially held every eight years, with the only event being a musical competition where solo singers accompanied themselves on a kithara to sing a hymn to Apollo. Later, more musical contests and athletic events were added to the programme, and the games were held every four years with only the Olympic Games being more important. The principal prize for victors in the Games was a crown of laurel or bay leaves.   The site and games were managed by the independent Delphic amphictiony - a council with representatives from various nearby city-states - which levied taxes, collected offerings, invested in construction programmes, and even organised military campaigns in the Four Sacred Wars, fought to redress sacrilegious acts against Apollo perpetrated by the states of Crisa, Phocis, and Amphissa. Architecture The first temple in the area was built in the 7th century BCE and was itself a replacement for less substantial buildings of worship which had stood before it. The focal point of the sanctuary, the Doric temple of Apollo, was unfortunately destroyed by fire in 548 BCE. A second temple, again Doric in style, was completed in c. 510 BCE with the help of the exiled Athenian family, the Alcmeonids. Measuring some 60 by 24 metr


Which Indian novelist wrote 'The Man-Eater of Malgudi'?

Man-Eater of Malgudi, The | By R K Narayan | Indian Thought | INDIAN FICTION Man-eater Of Malgudi, The Book : MAN-EATER OF MALGUDI, THE Author : R K NARAYAN Category : INDIAN FICTION,INDIAN FICTION,INDIAN FICTION,INDIAN FICTION ISBN : 9788185986081 E-book Winkstore was founded in 2009 with the vision of \93delivering a  cost effective electronic book reader and reading content in English  and all Indian languages for the Indian market." The firm seeks to  transform the way electronic information reaches and engages users  while being considerate to nature and saving natural resources for  future generations. Winkstore is a subsidiary of renowned Kerala-based  publishing house DC Books, owners of over 1,00,000 titles. MAN-EATER OF MALGUDI, THE


Founded in 1636 which university claims to be the oldest in the USA?

History | Harvard University Harvard University Social Media and Newsletters Harvard is the oldest institution of higher education in the United States, established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was named after the College’s first benefactor, the young minister John Harvard of Charlestown, who upon his death in 1638 left his library and half his estate to the institution. A statue of John Harvard stands today in front of University Hall in Harvard Yard, and is perhaps the University’s best known landmark. View of list of historical facts Harvard University has 12 degree-granting Schools in addition to the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. The University has grown from nine students with a single master to an enrollment of more than 20,000 degree candidates including undergraduate, graduate, and professional students. There are more than 360,000 living  alumni  in the U.S. and over 190 other countries. Harvard University Archives The  Harvard University Archives  are maintained by the Harvard University Library system and are a great resource to access Harvard’s historical records. The Harvard Shield On Sept. 8, 1836, at Harvard’s Bicentennial celebration, it was announced that President Josiah Quincy had found the first rough sketch of the College arms – a shield with the Latin motto “VERITAS” (“Verity” or “Truth”) on three books – while researching his History of Harvard University in the College Archives. During the Bicentennial, a white banner atop a large tent in the Yard publicly displayed this design for the first time. Until Quincy’s discovery, the hand-drawn sketch (from records of an Overseers meeting on Jan. 6, 1644) had been filed away and forgotten. It became the basis of the seal officially adopted by the Corporation in 1843 and still informs the version used today. Why Crimson? Crimson was officially designated as Harvard’s color by a vote of the Harvard Corporation in 1910. But why crimson? A pair of rowers, Charles W. Eliot, Class of 1853, and Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Class of 1858, provided crimson scarves to their teammates so that spectators could differentiate Harvard’s crew team from other teams during a regatta in 1858. Eliot became Harvard’s 21st president in 1869 and served until 1909; the Corporation vote to make the color of Eliot’s bandannas the official color came soon after he stepped down. But before the official vote by the Harvard Corporation, students’ color of choice had at one point wavered between crimson and magenta – probably because the idea of using colors to represent universities was still new in the latter part of the 19th century. Pushed by popular debate to decide, Harvard undergraduates held a plebiscite on May 6, 1875, on the University’s color, and crimson won by a wide margin. The student newspaper – which had been called The Magenta – changed its name with the very next issue. U.S. Presidents and Honorary Degrees After George Washington’s Continental Army forced the British to leave Boston in March 1776, the Harvard Corporation and Overseers voted on April 3, 1776, to confer an honorary degree upon the general, who accepted it that very day (probably at his Cambridge headquarters in Craigie House). Washington next visited Harvard in 1789, as the first U.S. president.  Other U.S. presidents to receive an honorary degree include: 1781 John Adams


Who was King of England from 1272 to 1307?

TimeRef - Medieval and Middle Ages History Timelines - Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307) Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307) Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307) Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)  Born   Plantagenet Titles Include King of England from 1272 to 1307; King of Man from 1290; King of Wales from 1284; Duke of Gascony from 1254; Lord of Ireland; Earl of Chester from 1254 dward I is also known as Longshanks or Hammer of the Scots. He was the eldest son of Henry III the King of England and was born in June of 1239. Henry III had a long reign and this meant that Edward was in his thirties before he became king himself. In 1254 at the age of fifteen Edward was married to Eleanor of Castile. Eleanor was the thirteen year old half-sister of Alfonso, the King of Castile, and the marriage was designed to help protect the lands of Gascony which England still owned. Edward was awarded the lands of Gascony through the marriage and took over from Simon de Montfort whose improper running of the area had led to revolt. Henry III was eager to provide Edward with more experience of ruling and in the same year granted him lands in Wales, Ireland and the Channel Islands. Edward and Eleanor were married in Castile and returned to England in October of 1255. Welsh revolt Edward's leadership qualities were soon tested when Llywelyn ap Gruffydd declared himself ruler of North Wales and in 1256 rebelled against English control in his homeland. Edward and his father had put down the rebellion by 1257. Baron's revolt The harvests for the years 1256, 1257 and 1258 were poor due to bad weather and floods. Henry III had been living beyond the country's means and his expenditure on conflicts with the Welsh, disastrous campaigns in France and extensive building work on new churches had cost the country dear. Also, the Pope was requesting the money that Henry had promised him for a failed campaign to add Sicily to the Papal domains and was threatening to excommunicate the King if the money was not paid. The Barons's led by Simon de Montfort decided they needed to confront the King, and in April 1258 the Barons called Henry to meet them at Westminster to voice their concerns. The meetings ended with no general agreement apart from the fact that they should all meet again at Oxford on June 11th. At Oxford a Committee of 24 drew up a series of proposals know as 'The Provisions of Oxford', and as an act of faith, Simon de Montfort handed over his castles at Odiham and Kenilworth to the King's control. Initially Edward took the side of the Barons against his father, but the conflict was drawn out and when finally war broke out between the two parties Edward had taken his father's side. In April of 1264 Edward and the King captured the castle at Northampton and along with it the son of Simon de Montfort but in May, at the Battle of Lewes, Henry and Edward were captured themselves. Edward remained in custody until May of 1265 when he managed to escape. In August of the same year the armies of the Barons and the King met at Evesham and Simon de Montfort was killed. Although the barons were defeated a small band of rebels held out in Ely until 1267. Crusade Edward took the cross (a commitment to go on Crusade) in 1268 and left for the Holy Land in July of 1270. In may of 1271, Edward helped relieve the city of Acre from the siege led by the Sultan of Egypt, but was later attacked by an Assassin. Edward survived the attack and began the journey home to England. Becomes King King Henry III died in November of 1272 and news reached Edward while he was in Sicily. Edward must have been confident that his selection as the next king was not contested as he travelled around Europe not reaching England until August of 1274. Edward was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey on 19th August, 1274. Llywelyn of Wales Edward's first test as king was to deal with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, the prince of Wales. Llywelyn had not attended Edward's coronation, and failed to met king after several requests. The Welsh prince also stopped paying the sums of mon


Which US actor starred in the film 'The Public Enemy' and 'The Roaring Twenties'?

The Roaring Twenties (1939) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Three men attempt to make a living in Prohibitionist America after returning home from fighting together in World War I. Director: a list of 31 titles created 26 Aug 2011 a list of 21 titles created 10 Nov 2013 a list of 40 titles created 09 Mar 2014 a list of 31 titles created 03 Jul 2014 a list of 49 titles created 07 Jul 2014 Title: The Roaring Twenties (1939) 7.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. A priest tries to stop a gangster from corrupting a group of street kids. Director: Michael Curtiz A psychopathic criminal with a mother complex makes a daring break from prison and leads his old gang in a chemical plant payroll heist. Shortly after the plan takes place, events take a crazy turn Director: Raoul Walsh A young hoodlum rises up through the ranks of the Chicago underworld, even as a gangster's accidental death threatens to spark a bloody mob war. Director: William A. Wellman After being released from prison, notorious thief Roy Earle is hired by his old boss to help a group of inexperienced criminals plan and carry out the robbery of a California resort. Director: Raoul Walsh A small-time criminal moves to a big city to seek bigger fortune. Director: Mervyn LeRoy A waitress, a hobo and a bank robber get mixed up at a lonely diner in the desert. Director: Archie Mayo Two brothers struggle as wildcat truck drivers; one comes to harm, the other is accused of his friend's murder. Director: Raoul Walsh A man convicted of murdering his wife escapes from prison and works with a woman to try and prove his innocence. Director: Delmer Daves It's the early days of the F.B.I. - federal agents working for the Department of Justice. Though they've got limited powers - they don't carry weapons and have to get local police approval ... See full summary  » Director: William Keighley Although loudmouthed braggart Jerry Plunkett alienates his comrades and officers, Father Duffy, the regimental chaplain, has faith that he'll prove himself in the end. Director: William Keighley McCord's gang robs the stage carrying money to pay Indians for their land, and the notorious outlaw "The Oklahoma Kid" Jim Kincaid takes the money from McCord. McCord stakes a "sooner" ... See full summary  » Director: Lloyd Bacon A man visits his old friend's hotel and finds a gangster running things. As a hurricane approaches, the two end up confronting each other. Director: John Huston Edit Storyline After the WWI Armistice Lloyd Hart goes back to practice law, former saloon keeper George Hally turns to bootlegging, and out-of-work Eddie Bartlett becomes a cab driver. Eddie builds a fleet of cabs through delivery of bootleg liquor and hires Lloyd as his lawyer. George becomes Eddie's partner and the rackets flourish until love and rivalry interfere. Written by Ed Stephan <stephan@cc.wwu.edu> See All (151)  » Taglines: The land of the free gone wild! The heyday of the hotcha! The shock-crammed days G-men took ten whole years to lick! See more  » Genres: 28 October 1939 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: The World Moves On See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia This film started a nostalgia craze. Disc jockeys began to run Roaring Twenties music. Producer Mark Hellinger was an important guest on singer Bing Crosby 's Kraft Music Hall radio show and singer Kate Smith promoted the film on all of her radio programs. Both Life and Look magazines published "Roaring Twenties" layouts. See more » Goofs On November 11, 1918, while Eddie, George, and Lloyd are shooting at the enemy, George says, "Prohibition law goes in next year." How would anyone know that then? By November 11, 1918, only 14 of the 36 states needed had ratified the 18th amendment. The 36th state,


Which US President pursued a programme of social reform called the 'Fair Deal'?

Truman Announced A Fair Deal Harry Truman on April 19, 1945 Truman Announced A Fair Deal January 5, 1949 A "Fair Deal" is what President Harry Truman called his plan. He announced it in a speech on January 5, 1949. His Fair Deal recommended that all Americans have health insurance, that the minimum wage (the lowest amount of money per hour that someone can be paid) be increased, and that, by law, all Americans be guaranteed equal rights. page 1 of 3


In which state of the USA can the city of Omaha be found?

Omaha, Nebraska: The Most Dangerous Place In America To Be Black Omaha, Nebraska: The Most Dangerous Place In America To Be Black 01/27/14 AT 9:52 AM Close CORRECTION: The article has been revised to emphasize that the state of Nebraska as a whole has the highest rate of black homicide victimization in the country, not the city of Omaha. The author regrets the error. Murder rates in the United States continue to plunge to historic lows -- even the blood-soaked streets of Chicago recorded a 16 percent drop in homicides last year, with the city recording its fewest killings since 1965. Still, for uncounted African-Americans, the carnage persists in deprived neighborhoods across the country. While news of gang killings and other forms of mayhem in the grim streets of Philadelphia, Chicago, New Orleans, Oakland, Calif. and other metropolises dominate headlines, the city with the highest incidence of black murder victims might raise some eyebrows: the seemingly peaceful, farming state of Nebraska's largest city, Omaha, a city of 420,000, located along the banks of the Missouri River. The Violence Policy Center (VPC), a Washington, D.C.-based research and advocacy group that promotes gun control, determined that in 2011 (the latest year in which comprehensive national data s available), 30 blacks (including 27 in Omaha ) were murdered that year in Nebraska -- meaning, the state had a black homicide rate of 34.4 per 100,000 people, double the national average of black victimization. (On VPC's top ranked states by black homicide victimization rates, Nebraska is closely followed by Missouri, 33.4 per 100,000 people, Michigan, 31.5; Pennsylvania, 29.0; and Oklahoma, 25.5.) Omaha. Nebraska Photo: Wikipedia Omaha (and particularly its black neighborhoods in the deprived northern and northeastern parts of the city) accounted for almost half of all recorded homicides in Nebraska -- which, overall, sported a relatively low murder rate of less than four per 100,000 people. (The U.S. as a whole has a murder rate of 4.44 per 100,000 people.) Ninety percent of these murders came from the bullet of a gun. The data further revealed that two black homicide victims from that year were children (less than 18 years old), while the average age of the victim was 28. The violence has continued into 2014 -- as if to illustrate the parade of killings that have ensnared parts of Omaha, on Jan. 15, a 5-year-old black girl named Payton Benson was gunned down by a stray bullet. “Gun violence is a public health crisis that touches all Americans, but the impact on African-Americans is especially devastating,” said VPC executive director Josh Sugarmann. “This report should be a wake-up call for our elected officials to address the disproportionately high homicide victimization rate among black men and women. The longer we wait to act, the more lives will be lost.” Since 2009, Nebraska's ranking on this grim scale has jumped from 11th place to the top spot. Missouri, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Oklahoma feature the highest black homicide rates, just behind Nebraska. “This is not an abstract concept,” Sugarmann added. “This is real people’s lives.” On an absolute basis, the homicide numbers for Omaha are dwarfed by murder data from places like Chicago and Detroit, since Nebraska has a small population. With about 1.9 million people in the entire state (about two-thirds the size of Chicago), Nebraska is overwhelmingly white. About 88,000 black people reside in Nebraska, accounting for only about 4.8 percent of the state's populace. The black community is concentrated in Omaha, and to a lesser extent, in the capital city of Lincoln, about 50 miles to the southwest, according to the 2012 U.S. Census. Related Stories India's Handguns For Women: Self-Defense Or Exploitation? Some of the violence in Nebraska is found in the predominantly black neighborhoods of northern and northeastern Omaha, an area rife with the familiar urban ills of poverty, gang activity, high unemployment and substandard housing conditions. "Northeast Omaha has the highest level of concentrate


What is the smallest of the Greater Sunda Islands?

Greater Sunda Islands | Define Greater Sunda Islands at Dictionary.com Greater Sunda Islands [suhn-duh; Dutch soon-dah] /ˈsʌn də; Dutch ˈsun dɑ/ Spell plural noun 1. a chain of islands in Indonesia, in the Malay Archipelago, including Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi (Greater Sunda Islands) and a group of smaller islands extending E from Java to Timor (Lesser Sunda Islands) Expand [soon-dah] /ˈsun dɑ/ (Show IPA). Dictionary.com Unabridged British Dictionary definitions for Greater Sunda Islands Expand plural noun 1. a group of islands in the W Malay Archipelago, forming the larger part of the Sunda Islands: consists of Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi Sunda Islands plural noun 1. a chain of islands in the Malay Archipelago, consisting of the Greater Sunda Islands (chiefly Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Sulawesi) and Nusa Tenggara (the Lesser Sunda Islands) Former spelling Soenda Islands Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it? Word of the Day


Which film musical starred Lee Marvin, Clint Eastwood and Jean Seberg?

Paint Your Wagon (1969) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Two unlikely prospector partners share the same wife in a California gold rush mining town. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 42 titles created 28 Dec 2010 a list of 25 titles created 12 Jul 2012 a list of 35 titles created 19 Sep 2013 a list of 23 titles created 10 Feb 2015 a list of 31 titles created 13 Dec 2015 Title: Paint Your Wagon (1969) 6.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Oscar. Another    1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards  » Videos     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7/10 X   Nun Sara is on the run in Mexico and is saved from cowboys by Hogan, who is preparing for a future mission to capture a French fort. The pair become good friends, but Sara never does tell him the true reason behind her being outlawed. Director: Don Siegel An Arizona deputy goes to New York City to escort a fugitive back into custody. Director: Don Siegel When an innocent man barely survives a lynching, he returns as a lawman determined to bring the vigilantes to justice. Director: Ted Post An idealistic, modern-day cowboy struggles to keep his Wild West show afloat in the face of hard luck and waning interest. Director: Clint Eastwood An ex-bounty hunter reluctantly helps a wealthy landowner and his henchmen track down a Mexican revolutionary leader. Director: John Sturges A classical art professor and collector, who doubles as a professional assassin, is coerced out of retirement to avenge the murder of an old friend. Director: Clint Eastwood A brief fling between a male disc jockey and an obsessed female fan takes a frightening, and perhaps even deadly turn when another woman enters the picture. Director: Clint Eastwood As the film opens on an Oklahoma farm during the depression, two simultaneous visitors literally hit the Wagoneer home: a ruinous dust storm and a convertible crazily driven by Red, the ... See full summary  » Director: Clint Eastwood     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X   A hard but mediocre cop is assigned to escort a prostitute into custody from Las Vegas to Phoenix, so that she can testify in a mob trial. But a lot of people are literally betting that they won't make it into town alive. Director: Clint Eastwood While imprisoned in a Confederate girls' boarding school, an injured Union soldier cons his way into each of the lonely women's hearts, causing them to turn on each other, and eventually, on him. Director: Don Siegel The San Fernando Valley adventures of trucker turned prize-fighter Philo Beddoe and his pet orangutan Clyde. Director: James Fargo Wes Block is a detective who's put on the case of a serial killer whose victims are young and pretty women, that he rapes and murders. The killings are getting personal when the killer ... See full summary  » Director: Richard Tuggle Edit Storyline A Michigan farmer and a prospector form a partnership in the California gold country. Their adventures include buying and sharing a wife, hijacking a stage, kidnaping six prostitutes, and turning their mining camp into a boomtown. Along the way there is plenty of drinking, gambling, and singing. They even find time to do some creative gold mining. Written by David J. Kiseleski <davidk269@aol.com> Lee Marvin Sings! See more  » Genres: Rated PG-13 for thematic material | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 15 October 1969 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: La leyenda de la ciudad sin nombre See more  » Filming Locations: 4-Track Stereo (35 mm prints)| 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Alan Jay Lerner micromanaged the production, overseeing filming and constantly countermanding Logan's decisions. This drove Joshua Logan , who suffered from bipolar disorder, to despair; he confided in film critic Rex Reed


By what name is anarchic comic Jim Moir better known?

Call me dada | Global | The Guardian Life and style Call me dada Where do Jim Moir, devoted father and comfortable companion, and his alter ego Vic Reeves, surreally funny and at times cruel comedian, meet? And how come his art makes you laugh in the same way as his bizarre act? Lindsay Baker went to find out See our picture gallery of selected images from his exhibition Vic Reeves ... exhibitionist Friday 21 June 2002 20.34 EDT First published on Friday 21 June 2002 20.34 EDT Share on Messenger Close The brown-haired, lightly tanned man offering me a cup of tea has a pleasant smile and wears green corduroy trousers. He looks a lot like Vic Reeves , only this man seems, well, normal. Unlike his alter ego, Vic, of course, who is a grotesque, manic character in velvet and ruffles, with badly dyed black hair and a pasty face. And the home of this man, Jim Moir, is a Georgian house in a picturesque Kent village, with a reassuring, wholesome feel about it: wellies at the door, crocheted tablecloth in the dining room, tidy back garden. It's a cosy scene and not at all Vic-like. Moir, who has a way of talking as if permanently on the verge of laughing, is nevertheless quite serious as he tells me about the tiled floor in the hall, how he has been polishing it for days, and how he can often spend weeks at some such matter of domestic urgency. Meanwhile, his four-year-old son, Louis, tugs vigorously at his arm, requesting a Harry Potter story. Jim Moir, aka Vic Reeves, has been hailed as a comic genius, he and Bob Mortimer the undisputed champions of absurd, slapstick comedy. Their ascent began with the 1990 series Vic Reeves' Big Night Out (catchphrase: "You wouldn't let it lie") and continued with The Smell Of Reeves And Mortimer (for which they picked up a Bafta and a British Comedy Award). Then there was the surreally funny game show Families At War, and the still-running, equally skewed celebrity quiz series Shooting Stars (also a Bafta winner). In recent years, the duo have even turned their hands to acting, in the drama series Randall & Hopkirk (Deceased). As a result, Vic Reeves has rarely been off our screens in the past dozen years - or Jim Moir out of the tabloids. ("An ex-nightclub dancer for a fiancee and an estranged wife who is a lesbian," as the Daily Mail put it.) And recently Moir has moved into the art world - still under the stage name - first with a book, Sun Boiled Onions, and now with a show at London's britart gallery. Louis is sent upstairs, with the promise of a story later, and his father settles into an armchair. There's a painting of a pig behind him - an unorthodox touch amid the conventional decor. "I painted it because I used to have a pet pig," he says in his broad Yorkshire accent. "And I wanted a picture of it on the wall." It's not representative, he adds, of the work in the show. Moir is not, of course, the first celebrity to turn his hand to artistic endeavours - nor the first suspected of being given a leg-up by his status. "No one's said it to my face," he says. "But struggling artists probably think, well, he's got it easy because he's known, and there's some truth in that. I don't think Ronnie Wood would have exhibitions if he wasn't Ronnie Wood." In fact painting was Moir's original career plan. He attended a foundation course at Sir John Cass College in Whitechapel, London, then continued drawing and painting while working in a gallery in London's New Cross in the mid-1980s, where he exhibited some of his own work and helped pay his way by selling copies of Van Goghs and Rembrandts for £50 each. He never stopped, he says, even after he turned to comedy, and doing the exhibition has given him the impetus to do new work. He's not hugely motivated otherwise. "I'm a bit too idle." The show has the rather self-deprecating title Doings and includes around 50 works, from early drawings and paintings to his latest photography. His art is strange stuff, often puerile and very funny in the same nonsensical, unfathomable way that his comedy is funny. It doesn't have any great meaning and why shoul


Which legendary King of Mycenae was murdered by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus?

Agamémnon - definition of Agamémnon by The Free Dictionary Agamémnon - definition of Agamémnon by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Agam%c3%a9mnon Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Ag·a·mem·non  (ăg′ə-mĕm′nŏn′, -nən) n. Greek Mythology The king of Mycenae and leader of the Greeks in the Trojan War, who was the son of Atreus and the father of Orestes, Electra, and Iphigenia. He was killed by his wife Clytemnestra upon his return from Troy. Agamemnon (ˌæɡəˈmɛmnɒn) n (Classical Myth & Legend) Greek myth a king of Mycenae who led the Greeks at the siege of Troy. On his return home he was murdered by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus. See also Menelaus Ag•a•mem•non (ˌæg əˈmɛm nɒn, -nən) n. a legendary king of Mycenae, the son of Atreus and brother of Menelaus, who led the Greeks in the Trojan War and was murdered by his wife Clytemnestra. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:


After which Austrian physicist is the ratio of the velocity of a body in a medium to the velocity of sound in that medium named?

Breaking the Sound Barrier; Speed of Sound Breaking the Sound Barrier; Speed of Sound PUB. DATE World Almanac & Book of Facts;2005, p341 SOURCE TYPE Reference Entry ABSTRACT The article presents information on "Mach," the SI unit, used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist. When a plane moves at the speed of sound, it is Mach 1. When the plane is moving at twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. Mach may be defined as the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered. Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels. The speed of sound is generally defined as 1,088 feet per second at sea level at 32ï¿½ F. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. ACCESSION # Breaking the Sound Barrier; Speed of Sound.   // World Almanac & Book of Facts;2008, p272  An almanac entry for sound barrier and the speed of sound is presented. The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Czech-born Austrian physicist Ernst Mach. Mach may be defined as the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium... Breaking the Sound Barrier; Speed of Sound.   // World Almanac & Book of Facts;2009, p1151  An encyclopedia entry for "sound barrier" and "speed of sound" is presented. The prefix Mach, named for Czech-born Austrian physicist Ernst Mach, is used to describe a supersonic speed. Its classifications are Mach 1, when a plane moves at the speed of sound and Mach 2, when the plane is moving... Ernst Mach and the Quarks.  Bernstein, Jeremy // American Scholar;Winter83-Winter84, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p7  Discusses the life and works of physicist Ernst Mach. Work on supersonic projectiles; Definition of the so-called Mach number, which is the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound; Educational background; Mach's skepticism toward much of the received wisdom in the physics of his... THE WHAT, THE HOW, AND THE WHY: THE EXPLANATION OF ERNST MACH.  Marr, M. Jackson // Behavior & Philosophy;2003, Vol. 31, p181  Putative distinctions between explanation and description constitute a very old issue in the sciences. Behavior analysts commonly call their science "descriptive" as opposed to "explanatory." One obvious difficulty here is to achieve any agreement on the meaning or use of these terms. Without... In a spin over fictitious forces.  Gribbin, John // New Scientist;3/19/94, Vol. 141 Issue 1917, p16  Reports on Arden Zylbersztajn's suggested approach in teaching about forces such as gravity and centrifugal and similar forces. Replacement of Newton's first and second laws with a rule stating that the resultant force acting on any object is always zero; Application of Ernst Mach's principles... Thought Experiments.  Sorensen, Roy // American Scientist;May/Jun91, Vol. 79 Issue 3, p250  Discusses a theory of thought experiments by Ernst Mach. Views of Mach on empiricism; Comparison between empiricism and rationalism; Conversion of instinctive knowledge into explicit principle. Mach, Ernst (1838 - 1916).   // Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography;2005, p1  Austrian physicist whose name was given to the Mach number, the velocity of a body in a medium relative to the speed of sound in that medium. Mach also made an important contribution to science in a fundamental reappraisal of scientific thought. He sought to understand knowledge in the context... empiriocriticism Philosophy.   // Dictionary of Theories;2002, p175  A definition of the term "empiriocriticism" is presented. It refers to a name for the version of positivism developed by Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach and the German Richard Avenarius. Science on this view aims at the most economical description of appearances, on which...


Who was the King of Albania from 1928 to 1939?

Zog I | king of Albania | Britannica.com king of Albania Alternative Title: Ahmed Bey Zogu Zog I Enver Hoxha Zog I, Albanian in full Ahmed Bey Zogu (born October 8, 1895, Castle Burgajet, Albania —died April 9, 1961, Suresnes , France ), president of Albania from 1925 to 1928 and king from 1928 to 1939. Though able to manipulate Albania’s internal affairs to his own advantage, he came to depend heavily on Benito Mussolini’s Italy and was eventually ousted by the Italian dictator on the eve of World War II . Zog I. BBC Hulton Picture Library Siding with Austria during World War I , Zog thereafter became a leader of the reformist Popular Party . He held ministerial posts from 1920 until he was forced into exile in June 1924, but he returned with Yugoslav assistance in December, was elected president on February 1, 1925, and was proclaimed king on September 1, 1928. Zog ended a period of postwar political turbulence, and Albania enjoyed relative tranquility under his regime. He began a fateful association with Italy in 1925; a loan in that year was followed in 1926 by a treaty of friendship and security and in 1927 by a 20-year defensive military alliance between the two countries. Mussolini made Albania his bridgehead to the Balkans, and by 1939 Italy controlled the country’s finances and army. Zog tried but failed to break that hold from 1932 onward. On April 7, 1939, Mussolini finally made Albania into a protectorate; Victor Emmanuel III became king, and Zog went into exile. His hopes of returning after the war were disappointed by the establishment of a communist republic under Enver Hoxha in 1945. He formally abdicated on January 2, 1946. In 2012 Zog’s remains were repatriated from France and interred in a newly built royal crypt in Tirana . Learn More in these related articles:


Which British composer wrote the opera Troilus and Cressida?

William Walton : Troilus and Cressida by Len Mullenger William Walton : Troilus and Cressida 'This unfortunate opera' by Len  Mullenger In the autumn of 1954, Sir Malcolm Sargent could have been seen on a flight to Tokyo with his head buried in the new score of Walton's 'Troilus and Cressida' - prompting one of Beecham's remarks: "Ah, Flash in Japan". Although only a rehearsal score, there were already supplementary sheets containing 170 corrections. Almost ten years earlier Ralph Hawkes, of Boosey and Hawkes, persuaded the Arts Council to help him re-open the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden, and Constant Lambert had proposed that William Walton should sit on the advisory committee. They decided that British opera should no longer suffer the neglect it had and that composers should be allowed an advance on royalties to assist them in completion of their projects. In 1947, the BBC commissioned Walton to write an opera. Peter Grimes had been very successful in 1945 and this decided Walton to try to emulate it. The BBC suggested Christopher Hassall as librettist and it was agreed with Alice Wimborne, who was Walton's patron (and mistress), that Troilus and Cressida (mainly after Chaucer) met their requirements. It took Walton six years to write the opera and he claimed he would never write another - "too many words"! One of the reasons for the protracted gestation was the death of Alice Wimborne in April 1948; the other was the need to write the score for Olivier's Hamlet. Walton only really got down to writing Troilus after he had married, and moved to Ischia. It became clear that what was being written was a major score - beyond the scope of a BBC commission and it was decided to perform it at Covent Garden, conducted by Sargent. However work was interrupted again by the Coronation and the score was finally delivered in 1954 bearing a dedication to Walton's new wife. It had been originally planned that Olivier would produce the opera with the scenery painted by Henry Moore who had also been invited to do the Covent Garden Ring cycle, but in 1952 Moore withdrew and it was then proposed that Constant Lambert's widow, Isabel, would design the set. Laurence Olivier preferred Roger Furse who had worked with him on stage productions and the films Henry V and Hamlet. Then Olivier resigned, so eventually George Devine was appointed with Sir Hugh Casson as the designer. This was just the start of the problems that have beset this unfortunate opera. Walton wrote the part of Cressida for Elizabeth Schwarzkopf, who did indeed record extracts from it in 1955 (currently available on EMI mid-price CDM7 64199-2). When asked to open with the opera she demurred pleading another engagement, although Neil Tierney, in his biography of Walton, quotes Walter Legge as saying that she disliked singing in English and neither liked the story nor the character of Cressida. Covent Garden suggested the Hungarian soprano, Magda Laszio; Walton agreed that she had the looks but she could not speak any English. She was expected to learn the part parrot-fashion and to sing without a trace of a foreign accent. If you listen to the Schwarzkopf recording you can hear how impossible that was going to be. In the event, her English was so poor that she had to be coached by Susana Walton, who was herself Argentinian! Opposite her Peter Pears played Pandarus. The producer was George Devine and the designer Hugh Casson. It became known that the opera was to be a sumptuous affair, very romantic in style and destined to become very popular. Sargent proved a problem. He was a rather vain and self-opinionated conductor. He had not conducted an opera at Covent Garden since 1936 - nor anywhere else except for Gilbert and Sullivan. The singers complained that he often left them without support when they were unaccompanied to which he responded that since there was no orchestral part it was not necessary for him to conduct. He constantly questioned Walton's scoring, which did not endear him to the composer and a further diffic


Which sugary solution produced by flowers attracts insects, birds or bats and encourages pollination?

BSCI 124 Lecture Notes -- Pollination BSCI 124 Lecture Notes Undergraduate Program in Plant Biology, University of Maryland LECTURE 21 - POLLINATION I. Sexual reproduction and evolution A. Sexual reproduction aids in evolution because sexual reproduction produces   variable offspring upon which natural selection works B. Sexual reproduction is advantageous only if an organism mates with someone   other than itself (outcrossing or outbreeding) 1. Animals- most species have separate male and female individuals 2. Potential problem for plants- most flowers have both male and female parts in them (perfect flowers) 3. Many flowering plants have evolved special ways to assure outcrossing and prevent self-crossing 4. Pollination, the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma, must occur before seed plants can reproduce sexually. A primary function of flowers is to attract pollinators with colorful petals, scent, nectar, and pollen. II. Pollination & fertilization Excellent summary; strongly recommended for review A. Pollen contains a sperm nucleus and a tube nucleus. There is no   antheridia. B. The s perm nucleus is enclosed and prote cted by the gametophyte tissue.   Since the sperm is protected, fertilization is no longer restricted to damp   environments. The protected sperm can blow through the air. The male and   female gametophytes can live anywhere as long as the sperm can reach the   egg. As a result, the gametophyte generation of seed plants became drastically   reduced in size and is attached and dependent on the sporophyte. C. For a protected pollen sperm (generative cell) to successfully fertilize   a protected egg, there must be a method to get the pollen from the male to   the female. This process is called pollination. D. The male gametophyte (pollen) travels from the microsporangium to the   megasporangium containing the female gametophyte with the egg. The pollen   grain sticks to the receptive (sticky) part of the megasporangium. E. The process of fertilization begins when a second cell within the pollen   grain, a tube cell, creates a tube through the megasporangium to the egg. F. When the egg has matured, the pollin's generative cell travels down the   tube where it divides to produce sperm to fertilize the egg. In most gymnosperms,   this can be a two year process. G. The gametes are never really exposed. The sperm develops within a pollen   tube and is liberated at the archegonium. The egg is continuously surrounded   by the gametophyte tissue. The covering around each megasporangium further   s the protection, not only to the megagametophytes and eggs but also to the   developing embryos. III. How do plants get pollen from one plant to another? (plants are rooted in the ground) A. Wind 1. Gymnosperms and some flowering plants (grasses & many trees) 2. Hit or miss affair (very chancy) B. Many flowering plants rely on animals for cross-pollination 1. 3 main animal pollinators- insects, birds, and mammals a. Insect pollinators- beetles, bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, and moths b. Bird pollinators- hummingbirds, honey creepers, and honeyeaters c. Mammals- bats 2. Many plants have evolved relationships with animals that are their pollinators IV. Coevolution - the interactions between two different species affect the development of each other's characteristics during the course of evolution A. One of the best examples of coevolution is the relationship between flowering   plants and their animal pollinators 1. Plants evolved elaborate methods to attract animal pollinators 2. Animals evolved specialized body parts and behaviors that aid plant pollination B. The evolution of these pollinating mechanisms have given flowering plants   almost as much mobility in their mating as animals have C. Coevolution sometimes results in a plant and its pollinator being totally   dependent on one another 1. Example- a species of yucca that is only pollinated by a small moth species 2. The yucca cannot reproduce successfully without the moth transferring po


Which US novelist wrote 'Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings'?

Joel Chandler Harris (Author of The Complete Tales of Uncle Remus) edit data Joel Chandler Harris was an American journalist born in Eatonton, Georgia who wrote the Uncle Remus stories, including Uncle Remus; His Songs and His Sayings, The Folk-Lore of the Old Plantation, (1880), Nights with Uncle Remus (1881 & 1882), Uncle Remus and His Friends (1892), and Uncle Remus and the Little Boy (1905). The stories, based on the African-American oral storytelling tradition, were revolutionary in their use of dialect and in featuring a trickster hero called Br'er ("Brother") Rabbit, who uses his wits against adversity, though his efforts do not always succeed. The frog is the trickster character in traditional tales in Central and Southern Africa. The stories, which began appearing in the Atlanta Constitution in 1879, wer Joel Chandler Harris was an American journalist born in Eatonton, Georgia who wrote the Uncle Remus stories, including Uncle Remus; His Songs and His Sayings, The Folk-Lore of the Old Plantation, (1880), Nights with Uncle Remus (1881 & 1882), Uncle Remus and His Friends (1892), and Uncle Remus and the Little Boy (1905). The stories, based on the African-American oral storytelling tradition, were revolutionary in their use of dialect and in featuring a trickster hero called Br'er ("Brother") Rabbit, who uses his wits against adversity, though his efforts do not always succeed. The frog is the trickster character in traditional tales in Central and Southern Africa. The stories, which began appearing in the Atlanta Constitution in 1879, were popular among both Black and White readers in the North and South, not least because they presented an idealized view of race relations soon after the Civil War. The first published Brer Rabbit stories were written by President Theodore Roosevelt's uncle, Robert Roosevelt.


Which scientist half-cousin of Charles Darwin coined the term 'eugenics'?

Evolution: Darwin: In the Name of Darwin     Some supporters of Darwin's theory of evolution                 have misapplied the biological principles of natural                 selection -- "survival of the fittest" -- to the                 social, political, and economic realms. The idea of "social Darwinism" originated in                 the class stratification of England,                 and has often been used as a general term for                 any evolutionary argument about the biological                 basis of human differences. Drawing on social                 Darwinism, supporters of the 20th-century                 eugenics movement sought to "improve" human genetic                 stock, much as farmers do in agriculture. This essay examines the history of eugenics and                 considers modern genetic research in the same                 light, so that the lessons of history are not                 forgotten. Daniel                J. Kevles, a historian of science and society, is                the Stanley Woodward Professor of History at Yale                University. He has written extensively about the                social and political relations of science. His works                include In the Name of Eugenics (1995), The                Physicists: The History of a Scientific Community                in Modern America (1995), and The Baltimore                Case: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character (2000). Adapted with permission of Harvard University                 Press from the 1995 Preface to In the Name                 of Eugenics, Daniel Kevles, ix-xiii. Copyright                 � 1995 by Daniel J. Kevles. (Boldface added.) Charles applied to social issues. The specter of eugenics hovers over virtually all contemporary             developments in human genetics . Eugenics was rooted in             the social Darwinism of the late 19th century, a             period in which notions of fitness, competition, and biological             rationalizations of inequality were popular. At the time,             a growing number of theorists introduced Darwinian analogies             of "survival of the fittest" into social argument.             Many social Darwinists insisted that biology was destiny,             at least for the unfit, and that a broad spectrum of socially             deleterious traits, ranging from "pauperism" to mental             illness, resulted from heredity.   The word "eugenics" was coined in 1883 by the English              scientist Francis Galton , a cousin of Charles Darwin,              to promote the ideal of perfecting the human race by, as he put it, getting rid of its "undesirables"              while multiplying its "desirables" -- that is, by              encouraging the procreation of the social Darwinian              fit and discouraging that of the unfit. In Galton's              day, the science of genetics was not yet understood.              Nevertheless, Darwin's theory of evolution taught that              species did change as a result of natural selection,              and it was well known that by artificial selection a              farmer could obtain permanent breeds of plants and animals              strong in particular characteristics. Galton wondered,              "Could not the race of men be similarly improved?" Francis Galton


Which Royal Gardens near Richmond were established in the 18th Century?

A history of Kew Gardens - Telegraph Gardening A history of Kew Gardens MPs have warned that the cuts to Kew Gardens' funding are 'a recipe for  failure'. We share a potted history of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew's stunning Amazonian water lilies  Photo: ALAMY 10:05AM GMT 04 Mar 2015 53 BC Julius Caesar is thought to have crossed the Thames at Kew on his first visit to Britain 12th – 14th Centuries The first reference to a settlement is in 1313 and by 1483 the hamlet of Kew was of taxable size. 16th and 17th Centuries David Nash at Kew Gardens, Seven magazine review 07 Sep 2012 In the 16th century, Henry VII built a Palace in the royal hunting park at Richmond, moving his court there for the summer months and changing people’s perceptions of the area. The presence of the court drew nobles and influential courtiers to the area, and the nearby village of Kew grew rapidly over the next 100 years. By the 17th century Kew’s place as a hub of power and political intrigue was firmly established. Henry VIII, played here by Damian Lewis in the BBC drama Wollf Hall, was crucial in making Kew a desirable place to be (BBC) The 18th Century Foundation of the Gardens For London, the early 18th Century was a time for blossoming culture, with writers, artists and musicians being drawn to the capital for access to aristocratic patronage and a growing commercial market. Some of the aristocracy moved out of the teeming city, and Kew became a popular enclave. The Royal Family used Kew Palace, purchased from a wealthy merchant, as their summer residence. Prince Frederick and Princess Augusta, parents of the future George III, started a garden around Kew Palace, adjacent to the Royal Park. In 1759 William Aiton was recruited from Chelsea Physic Garden to manage the small “Physick Garden” at Kew. This garden grew in size, absorbing in stages land from the Park, and became a place for the Royal Family and a succession of gifted gardeners and scientists to experiment with plants and garden landscaping. 1820-1841 Gardens in Decline During these 20 years, the Treasury’s economies and lack of royal interest and the increased competition from other horticultural establishments brought about the decline of the Botanic Gardens. Kew was left adrift while other royal gardens were redesigned. 1841-1855 The Gardens revive These 45 years saw the renaissance of Kew. The famous Victorian glasshouses, the Palm House and the Temperate House were built; the new Arboretum was laid out and the Herbarium collection was founded. The Temperate House at Kew Gardens, the world's largest Victorian greenhouse Scientific research expanded and Kew became essential to the developing Empire, supplying seed, crops, personnel and horticultural advice to the colonies. Under Queen Victoria’s patronage the Gardens flourished and with the arrival of the railway in 1869 Kew’s role as a public attraction also grew. 1885-1945 War and Change Significant expansion of the scientific collections took place during these years. Despite this the two world wars brought change and disruption to the Gardens. With men conscripted into the army the Ends 1945 to Modern Kew Post-war Britain saw hardship, rationing and a degree of privation. Initially Kew relied on grants and gifts for capital projects. As time passed, funds became available for major restorations as well as some new works. A welcome expansion came in 1965 with the lease and management of Wakehurst Place in Sussex, Kew’s sister estate in the country. Elisa Biondi puts the finishing touches to the Kew Orchid festival in the Prince of Wales Conservatory at Kew Gardens Wakehurst Place is home to Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank, established in 2000 on land purchased by RBG Kew. By 2010, Kew and its partners in the Millennium Seed Bank partnership will have collected and conserved seed from 10% of the world's wild flowering plant species (c.30, 000 species). The aim is to conserve 25% by 2020 and funds are being actively sought to continue this vital work. Kew has increasingly taken a leading role in action on habitat and biodiversity co


On which tributary of the Great Ouse does Cambridge lie?

East Anglian Waterways River Nene Great Ouse Fens holiday cruising guide & map Castles The River Nene, River Great Ouse & The Fens The heavily locked Northampton Arm leaves the Grand Union Canal mainline at Gayton Junction and joins the River Nene in the centre of Northampton.   The River Nene then takes a twisting course to Peterborough through pleasant rural surroundings and then becomes tidal as it crosses the flat Fenlands on its way to the sea. However it is possible to turn away from the difficult tidal stretch and enter the Middle Levels which open up hundreds of miles of peaceful waterways.   The Nene originally joined the Great Ouse to flow together into the Wash, but the course of the Great Ouse was moved in the twelfth century to a more easterly outlet near King's Lynn. Nature, and then man from the Romans onward, have been continually altering watercourses of this large area of marshes between and around the rivers, frequently flooded by the North Sea, to farm the rich soils.   The River Great Ouse flows over 70 miles from Bedford out into the Wash, linking to the River Cam coming down from Cambridge and a series of other navigable rivers along its way.   The Middle Levels are a network of rivers, manmade drainage ditches and sluices intended to drain the low lying area between Peterborough and the cathedral city of Ely. However they also offer a navigable route between the River Nene and the fenland rivers.   The Dutch engineer Vermuyden created many of them when he drained the Fens in the 17th century. One of them, the Old Bedford Level, runs dead straight for 20 miles and was the location for a series of experiments in the 19th and early 20th centuries to prove, or disprove that the Earth was round. Posts were erected along a six mile length and viewed through a telescope to see if the curvature of the earth could be seen. Unfortunately both sides originally claimed victory! In 1905 a Lady Blount tried to settle the matter by hanging a sheet from a bridge so its bottom nearly touched the water. A camera with telescopic lens was used to take a photograph along the surface of the water from six miles away. If the Earth was curved the bottom of the sheet should not have been visible. The photographs clearly showed the bottom of the sheet! So perhaps the Earth is flat!   The main concern of these rivers and drains is water control. Many are managed by the Environment Agency.  A EA licence is not required to cruise the middle middle level navigations  between the Nene and the Great Ouse. The drains are run by the Middle Level  Commissioners. A key for the sanitation station at March can bought from the  locks at Peterborough and their offices in March. An additional licence may be required by BW  licensed boats to cruise other waterways.   The East Anglian Waterways offer an unique and beautiful cruising area, scattered with interesting villages and market towns but often just land and sky and utter solitude! Cruising is on the increase, more facilities are being installed  and an ambitious scheme is already underway to link Lincolnshire and the  River Witham with Cambridgeshire and the River Great Ouse. The 'Fens  Waterway Link' will comprise some 50 miles of new waterways and connect the  cathedral cities of Lincoln, Peterborough and Ely with the market towns of  Boston, Spalding, Crowland and Ramsey. For more details see www.fenswaterways.com .


Big Sur: A Haven For Writers, Musicians (PHOTOS) | The Huffington Post Big Sur: A Haven For Writers, Musicians (PHOTOS) 07/24/2011 05:14 pm ET | Updated Jan 22, 2013 AP/The Huffington Post By Solvej Schou, Associated Press BIG SUR, Calif. — The road to Big Sur is a narrow, winding one, with the Pacific Ocean on one side, spread out like blue glass, and a mountainside of redwood trees on the other. The area spans 90 miles of the Central Coast, along Highway 1. Los Angeles is 300 miles south. San Francisco is 150 miles north. There are no train stations or airports nearby. Cell phone reception is limited. Gas and lodging are pricey. (SCROLL DOWN FOR PHOTOS) When you're there, though, Big Sur's isolated beauty is staggering. Fog settles into the steep flank of the Santa Lucia Mountains, above beaches lined with tide pools and massive rock formations. Guest houses are surrounded by thick walls of green foliage, and not much else. Venerated in books by late authors Henry Miller and Jack Kerouac, it's no wonder then that Big Sur continues to be a haven for writers, artists and musicians such as Alanis Morissette and the Red Hot Chili Peppers, all inspired by a hybrid landscape of mountains, beaches, birds and sea, plus bohemian inns and ultra-private homes. While Big Sur's influence on the arts has been turning up in poems, books and songs in American popular culture for nearly a century, its human history goes back much farther than that. Earliest inhabitants included the Native American Esselen tribe, followed by pioneers who settled the area in the late 19th century. In the 1920s, American poet Robinson Jeffers meditated about Big Sur's "wine-hearted solitude, our mother the wilderness" in poems like "Bixby's Landing," about a stretch of land that became part of Highway 1 and the towering Bixby Bridge 13 miles south of Carmel. (Part of the highway near that bridge collapsed due to heavy rains this past spring, followed by a landslide nearby; the roadway reopened recently.) Another poem by Jeffers, "The Beaks of Eagles," later inspired a Beach Boys' song on their 1970s album "Holland." In the early `70s, Beach Boys co-founder Al Jardine even built a recording studio, Red Barn, a 10-minute walk from Pfeiffer Beach, a picturesque oceanside expanse in the middle of Big Sur covered in lavender-tinted sand. Among literary figures, Miller probably has the strongest association with the area. "Big Sur has a climate all its own and a character all its own," he wrote in his 1957 autobiographical book "Big Sur and the Oranges of Hieronymus Bosch." "It is a region where extremes meet, a region where one is always conscious of weather, of space, of grandeur, and of eloquent silence." Miller, famed for his explicit novel "Tropic of Cancer," lived and worked in Big Sur between 1944 and 1962, drawn to the stretch of coast's idyllic setting and a revolving cadre of creative, kind, hard-working residents. Persuaded to move there by Greek artist Jean Varda, Miller initially stayed as a house guest of novelist Lynda Sargent at a log cabin built by Orson Welles and Rita Hayworth in the mid `40s with a grand coastal view of southern Monterey County. Later owners Lolly and Bill Fassett founded the open-air Nepenthe restaurant on the site in 1949. Writers, hippies and celebrities, from Clint Eastwood and Kim Novak to Man Ray and Dylan Thomas, flocked there. Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton shot a dancing scene for their film "The Sandpiper" at the restaurant in 1963. Nepenthe remains a popular tourist spot. Miller's longtime Partington Ridge property 14 miles south of the Big Sur post office still exists, overlooking the ocean. Miller painted and wrote there, entertaining visitors ranging from young misfit fans of his work to established artists. Beat Generation poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti also had a cabin in Big Sur, in the wilderness of Bixby Canyon. Kerouac, one of the Beats' most important writers, stayed in that cabin for a time, and wrote about it in his 1962 book "Big Sur," ranting as fictional alter-ego Jack Duluoz about his own real-lif


Which Argentinean motor-racing driver was World Champion a record five times during the 1950's?

Nationality: Great Britain Date of birth: January 20, 1991 - Horsham Having spent 2004 racing in MiniMax karts, Palmer moved up to cars in 2...005 and specifically the T Cars championship's Autumn Trophy – a racing series for drivers between the ages of fourteen and seventeen years old. Palmer finished fifth in that championship, with a grand total of 92 points, 46 behind championship winner Adrian Quaife-Hobbs. He moved up to the main championship in 2006, earning one pole position and four podiums, and again finished fifth in the championship with 101 points, 69 behind champion Luciano Bacheta. Palmer also took part in a second Autumn Trophy, and dominated the championship by winning four of the six races. He took part in two races of the 2007 season, winning both but decided to concentrate on Formula Palmer Audi. In 2007, Palmer moved to the series which his father, Jonathan, created nine years before. He finished 12th on debut at Silverstone, and his results would slowly improve and would end up with two wins (one at Brands Hatch and one at Oulton Park) and two pole positions at Brands, on his way to tenth in the championship and a points total of 187 – some way behind Tim Bridgman's winning total of 360. He missed the final two rounds of the championship, due to an abdominal injury suffered in a quad bike accident at his home in West Sussex. He recovered in time for the start of the 2008 season, in which he was a championship challenger right up until the last few races of the season. Consistency was the key for Palmer, with only one win (coming at the overseas race at Spa) and 11 podiums along with three pole positions (amazingly, all at Brands Hatch – meaning all five of his FPA poles came at the circuit) and ended up just 22 points behind Jason Moore, in third place. The Autumn Trophy and the FPA Shootout also brought third places for Palmer, taking three podiums from the six races. 2009 saw Palmer move up to the FIA Formula 2 Championship, driving car number three. His three points came from a sixth-place finish at Imola, as he finished 21st in the championship. He returned to the series in 2010, winning the opening race of the season at Silverstone, taking the first win by a British driver since his father did so at Mugello in 1983. Palmer picked up one fifth place finish in the next round at Marrakech, but bounced back to take both wins and the championship lead in the third round at Monza. He eventually finshed 2nd behind fellow brit Dean Stoneman. Nationality: Canada Date of birth: January 20, 1964 - Toronto, Ontario Scott has competed and won titles in Formula Vee (1984), Formula For...d 1600 (1985 and 1986), Canadian National Showroom Stock (1992 and 1993) and Grand-Am (2002 and 2008). He also contested the Canadian GM Challenge, Porsche Cup and Pro Formula Ford 2000 series from 1986 through 1990. He made a single Indy Lights start in 1992. One of the highlights of Maxwell's career came in 2000 at the 24 Hours of Le Mans when he won the LMP 675 class for Multimatic Motorsports aboard a Nissan-powered Lola with fellow Canadians John Graham and Greg Wilkins. In 2003, Scott Maxwell along with David Empringham and David Brabham won the first ever Daytona Prototype race at the Rolex 24 Hours of Daytona. However, The Racer's Group GT-class Porsche 911 won overall honors in that race. He also contested the American Le Mans Series with Panoz in 2003 and Krohn-Barbour Racing (Lamborghini) in 2004 as well as contesting several Rolex Sports Car Series events for Multimatic Daytona Prototype customers. 2003 was to also see Maxwell make his NASCAR Winston Cup Series debut, but he failed to qualify the #43 car for Petty Enterprises at Watkins Glen International. The Canadian co-drove with Grand Am Cup Champion David Empringham in 2005 aboard a Multimatic Motorsports entered factory Ford Mustang FR500C. Maxwell missed out on sharing the title because he skipped one race to compete at Le Mans for Panoz Motor Sports. In 2006, Maxwell clinched another milestone victory for Multimatic Motorsports when he teamed with David Br


Of which state of the USA is Dover the capital?

Delaware State Information - Symbols, Capital, Constitution, Flags, Maps, Songs Delaware Fun Facts and Trivia Flag: Adopted on July 24, 1913, the Delaware state flag has a background of colonial blue surrounding a diamond of buff color in which the coat of arms of the state is placed. Below the diamond are the words "December 7, 1787," indicating the day on which Delaware was the first state to ratify the United States constitution. Because of this action, Delaware became the first state in the Union, and is, therefore, accorded the first position in such national events as presidential inaugurations. According to members of the original commission established to design the flag, the shades of buff and colonial blue represent those of the uniform of General George Washington. Inside the diamond, the flag recognizes the importance of commerce {the ship} and agriculture {wheat, corn, the ox and the farmer} to the state. Tribute is also paid to the revolutionary war soldiers. The words in the ribbon banner read Liberty and Independence.   Get this Flag Flower:


Which Jewish religious movement was founded by Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov?

Rabbi Yisrael Baal Shem Tov | Jewish Virtual Library Rabbi Yisrael Baal Shem Tov (1698 - 1760) Tweet The early life of Rabbi Yisrael ben Eliezer, also known                  as the Baal Shem Tov (Besht), is surrounded by mystery. As founder                  of what is possibly the single most important religious movement in                  Jewish history, Chassidus ,                  many legends have grown around him and it is difficult for us to know                  what is historical fact. Even the year of his birth is a matter of controversy,                  some sources say it was 1700. Rabbi Yisrael was born in Okop, a small village in                  the Ukraine on the Polish                  Russian border (Podolia). His parents, Eliezer and Sarah, were quite                  old when he was born and they passed away when he was a still a very                  young child. Many legends are told about Eliezer, the father of the                  Baal Shem Tov. We are told that his last words to his son were "Fear                  nothing other than God ." The young orphan was cared for by the community                  and presumably received the same education most children received.                  Nevertheless, he was different from most children. He would wander in                  the fields and forests surrounding his home and seclude himself,                  pouring out his heart to God. Young Yisrael had an unusually strong                  emotional relationship with God. This relationship was perhaps the                  defining characteristic of the religious approach he would ultimately                  develop and which came to be known as Chassidus. When he entered his teens the community's                  responsibility to support him ended and he was given a job as a                  teacher's assistant (bahelfer). One of his tasks was to escort                  the children to and from school, a task which he performed in his own                  unique way, leading the children in song and praise to God. His next job was as a caretaker in the local synagogue .                  This provided the young Yisrael with the opportunity to study and                  develop. During this period he attained an outstanding level of                  knowledge in the entire body of Jewish knowledge, including                  eventually, the mysteries of Kabbalah .                  Nevertheless, he publicly he maintained an image of simplicity, and                  the townspeople were completely ignorant of his stature. According to legend, during this period Yisrael                  developed a relationship with other hidden tzadikim (righteous                  men). Most significant was a tzadik named Rabbi Adam Baal                  Shem, who bequeathed his writings to Yisrael. He also apparently married during this period, but                  his wife passed away. At some point after the death of his first wife                  he moved to a town near Brody where he was hired as a teacher for                  young children. He became acquainted with Rabbi Ephraim of Brody, who                  somehow discovered that Yisrael was not the simple fellow he appeared                  to be. He was so impressed with Yisrael that he offered his daughter,                  Leah Rochel, to Yisrael for a wife. However, Rabbi Ephraim passed


"Which avant-garde US composer wrote the piece 4'33""?"

John Cage | About The Composer | American Masters | PBS About The Composer John Cage: I Have Nothing to Say And I’m Saying It About The Composer Comments John Cage in June 1988. Photo: Fotocollectie Anefo “In the nature of the use of chance operations is the belief that all answers answer all questions.” n 1952, David Tudor sat down in front of a piano for four minutes and thirty-three seconds and did nothing. The piece 4’33” written by John Cage, is possibly the most famous and important piece in twentieth century avant-garde. 4’33” was a distillation of years of working with found sound, noise, and alternative instruments. In one short piece, Cage broke from the history of classical composition and proposed that the primary act of musical performance was not making music, but listening. Born in Los Angeles in 1912, Cage studied for a short time at Pamona College, and later at UCLA with classical composer Arthur Schoenberg. There he realized that the music he wanted to make was radically different from the music of his time. “I certainly had no feeling for harmony, and Schoenberg thought that that would make it impossible for me to write music. He said ‘You’ll come to a wall you won’t be able to get through.’ So I said, ‘I’ll beat my head against that wall.'” But it wasn’t long before Cage found that there were others equally interested in making art in ways that broke from the rigid forms of the past. Two of the most important of Cage’s early collaborators were the dancer Merce Cunningham and the painter Robert Rauschenberg . Together with Cunningham and Rauschenberg at Black Mountain College , Cage began to create sound for performances and to investigate the ways music composed through chance procedures could become something beautiful. Many of Cage’s ideas about what music could be were inspired by Marcel Duchamp, who revolutionized twentieth-century art by presenting everyday, unadulterated objects in museum settings as finished works of art, which were called “found art,” or ready-mades by later scholars. Like Duchamp, Cage found music around him and did not necessarily rely on expressing something from within. Cage’s first experiments involved altering standard instruments, such as putting plates and screws between a piano’s strings before playing it. As his alterations of traditional instruments became more drastic, he realized that what he needed were entirely new instruments. Pieces such as “Imaginary Landscape No 4″(1951) used twelve radios played at once and depended entirely on the chance broadcasts at the time of the performance for its actual sound. In “Water Music” (1952), he used shells and water to create another piece that was motivated by the desire to reproduce the operations that form the world of sound we find around us each day. While his interest in chance procedures and found sound continued throughout the sixties, Cage began to focus his attention on the technologies of recording and amplification. One of his better known pieces was “Cartridge Music” (1960), during which he amplified small household objects at a live performance. Taking the notions of chance composition even further, he often consulted the “I Ching,” or Book of Changes, to decide how he would cut up a tape of a recording and put it back together. At the same time, Cage began to focus on writing and published his first book, “Silence” (1961). This marked a shift in his attention toward literature. In the ’70’s, with inspirations like Thoreau and Joyce, Cage began to take literary texts and transform them into music. “Roratorio, an Irish Circus on Finnegan’s Wake” (1979), was an outline for transforming any work of literature into a work of music. His sense that music was everywhere and could be made from anything brought a dynamic optimism to everything he did. While recognized as one of the most important composers of the century, John Cage’s true legacy extends far beyond the world of contemporary classical music. After him, no one could look at a painting, a book, or a person without wondering how they might sound if you lis


Which king of England married Isabella of France?

Edward II marries Isabella of France | History Today Edward II marries Isabella of France The ill-suited couple were wed on January 25th, 1308. King Edward II of England, a fictional, anonymous 19th century portrait The royal pair were not well matched. Edward was tall and handsome, but his father was a hard act to follow and he was criticised for being cowardly, light-minded, extravagant, too much given to drinking and gambling and already under the spell of his Gascon favourite Piers Gaveston. War and fighting made no appeal to him and it was widely believed that he was homosexual. Some of the French who attended the coronation reported that he seemed to be more attracted to Gaveston than to his new wife. It was not until 1312 that Isabella gave birth to her first child, the future Edward III. She later bore a second son and two daughters. Unlike her husband, Isabella, ‘the she-wolf of France’, had inherited her father’s ruthlessness. In 1321, denied entrance to Leeds Castle on some pretext, she ordered her escort to force the gate and when they failed insisted on her husband having the castle taken by storm and thirteen of the garrison hanged on the spot. She did her best to mediate between her husband and his antagonistic barons, but like them she detested his later favourites, the two Despensers. She secretly gathered round her a group of conspirators including Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, who became her lover. Sent to Paris in 1325 on a mission to her brother, Charles IV of France, she craftily succeeded in getting her eldest son, Prince Edward, sent to join her in France and the stage was set for a successful coup in 1327 in which Edward II was deposed and replaced by his son, while England was run by Isabella and Mortimer. Edward II was brutally murdered at Berkeley Castle with a red-hot poker in a manner considered appropriate to his sexual preferences and his embalmed heart was sent to Isabella, who received it with ostentatious sorrow. Edward III soon took charge and had Mortimer executed. He kept his mother well out of the way in a long and comfortable retirement which lasted until until her death in 1358.


Of which Caribbean country is Castries the capital?

Castries | national capital, Saint Lucia | Britannica.com national capital, Saint Lucia Soufrière Castries, capital and chief city of Saint Lucia island in the eastern Caribbean Sea , lying 40 miles (65 km) south of Fort-de-France , Martinique . Its fine landlocked deepwater harbour on the northwestern coast is Saint Lucia’s chief port, shipping mainly bananas but also exporting sugarcane, rum, molasses, cacao, coconuts, copra, limes and lime juice, essential oils, bay rum, and various tropical fruits and vegetables. A fortress on Mount Fortune (852 feet [260 metres]) overlooks the town. There is a botanical station, and Vigie Beach and an airport are nearby. Pop. (2010 prelim.) city, 4,173; urban area, 22,111. Castries, Saint Lucia. Caribbean Sea suboceanic basin of the western Atlantic Ocean, lying between latitudes 9° and 22° N and longitudes 89° and 60° W. It is approximately 1,063,000 square miles (2,753,000 square km) in extent. To the south it is bounded by the coasts of Venezuela, Colombia, and Panama; to... 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles Assorted Reference significance in West Indies  (in Saint Lucia ) External Links Castries - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11) Castries is the capital of Saint Lucia, an island country in the Caribbean Sea. Mount Fortune rises high above the town and its pretty beaches. Castries is the country’s largest town and chief port. Tourism and banking are also important to the town’s economy. Castries, Saint Lucia - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) capital city and main port of the island of Saint Lucia in the eastern Caribbean Sea, lying 40 mi (65 km) south of Fort-de-France, Martinique; landlocked, deep-water harbor is on the northwestern coast of Saint Lucia; ships mainly bananas but also exports sugarcane, rum, molasses, cacao, coconuts, copra, limes and lime juice, essential oils, bay rum, and various tropical fruits and vegetables; fortress on Mount Fortune overlooks the city; botanical station. Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: April 25, 2012 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Castries Access Date: January 18, 2017 Share


Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown | Capability Brown Contact Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown changed the face of eighteenth century England, designing country estates and mansions, moving hills and making flowing lakes and serpentine rivers, a magical world of green Lancelot Brown was baptised on 30 Aug 1716 at Kirkharle , Northumberland, the fifth of the six children of William Brown, a yeoman farmer and Ursula, née Hall, who had worked in the big house on the Kirkharle estate . He went to the village school at Cambo, and then began work as a gardener at Kirkharle, leaving in 1739. In 1741 he reached Stowe, Buckinghamshire where he rapidly assumed responsibility for the execution of both architectural and landscaping works in the famous garden. It was at Stowe in 1744 that Brown married Bridget Wayet, with whom he eventually had nine children. While at Stowe, Brown also began working as an independent designer and contractor and in autumn 1751, he was able to move with his family to the Mall, Hammersmith, the market garden area of London. His style Brown’s style derived from the two practical principles of comfort and elegance. On the one hand, there was a determination that everything should work, and that a landscape should provide for every need of the great house. On the other, his landscapes had to cohere and look elegant. While his designs have great variety, they also appear seamless owing to his use of the sunk fence or ‘ha-ha’ to confuse the eye into believing that different pieces of parkland, though managed and stocked quite differently, were one. His expansive lakes, at different levels and apparently unconnected, formed a single body of water as if a river through the landscape, that like the parkland itself, ran on indefinitely. This effortless coherence is taken for granted today in a way that was predicted in his obituary: ‘where he is the happiest man he will be least remembered, so closely did he copy nature his works will be mistaken’. His nickname of ‘Capability’ is though to have come from his describing landscapes as having “great capabilities”. His business © National Trust Images/Rupert Truman/Ickworth House, Suffolk Brown offered a number of different services to his clients: for a round number of guineas, he could provide a survey and plans for buildings and landscape, and leave his client to execute his proposal; more frequently he provided a foreman to oversee the work, which would be carried out by labour recruited from the estate. Even in 1753, when he opened his account with Drummond's Bank, Brown was employing four foremen and by the end of the decade he had over twenty foremen on his books. Finally, he could oversee and refine the work himself, usually by means of visits for a certain number of days each year. He also practiced architecture, and during the 1750s contributed to several country houses, including Burghley House, Northants. However his architecture played second fiddle to his ‘place-making’. In 1764 he was appointed to the gardens of Hampton Court, Richmond and St James and he then moved to Wilderness House, Hampton Court. Brown had suffered from asthma all his life, and his habit of the constant travel, together with his practice of not always charging for work (he would sometimes allow his client to determine the value of what he had done and seems frequently to have submitted plans and surveys without a bill), did affect both his health and finances. He continued to work and travel until his sudden collapse and death on 6th February 1783 . He died at his daughter Bridget Holland's house in London, but was buried at Fenstanton , in Cambridgeshire, the only place he is known to have owned property and where he became Lord of the Manor . An evaluation of his work ‘Capability’ Brown is best remembered for landscape on an immense scale, constructing not only gardens and parkland, but planting woods and building farms linked by carriage drives, or `ridings', many miles from the main house. Although his work is continually reassessed, every landscape gardener a