The legal validation of a will is called?

Will legal definition of will Will legal definition of will http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/will Related to will: William Hill Will A document in which a person specifies the method to be applied in the management and distribution of his estate after his death. A will is the legal instrument that permits a person, the testator, to make decisions on how his estate will be managed and distributed after his death. At Common Law , an instrument disposing of Personal Property was called a "testament," whereas a will disposed of real property. Over time the distinction has disappeared so that a will, sometimes called a "last will and testament," disposes of both real and personal property. If a person does not leave a will, or the will is declared invalid, the person will have died intestate, resulting in the distribution of the estate according to the laws of Descent and Distribution of the state in which the person resided. Because of the importance of a will, the law requires it to have certain elements to be valid. Apart from these elements, a will may be ruled invalid if the testator made the will as the result of undue influence, fraud, or mistake. A will serves a variety of important purposes. It enables a person to select his heirs rather than allowing the state laws of descent and distribution to choose the heirs, who, although blood relatives, might be people the testator dislikes or with whom he is unacquainted. A will allows a person to decide which individual could best serve as the executor of his estate, distributing the property fairly to the beneficiaries while protecting their interests, rather than allowing a court to appoint a stranger to serve as administrator. A will safeguards a person's right to select an individual to serve as guardian to raise his young children in the event of his death. Howard Hughes and the Mormon Will When billionaire recluse Howard Hughes died in 1976, it appeared that he had not left a will. Attorneys and executives of Hughes's corporations began an intensive search to find a will, while speculation grew that Hughes might have left a holographic (handwritten) will. One attorney publicly stated that Hughes had asked him about the legality of a holographic will. Soon after the attorney made the statement, a holographic will allegedly written by Hughes appeared on a desk in the Salt Lake City headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, more commonly known as the Mormon Church . After a preliminary review, a document examiner concluded that the will might have been written by Hughes. The Mormon Church then filed the will in the county court in Las Vegas, Nevada, where Hughes's estate was being settled. The will, which became known as the Mormon Will, drew national attention for a provision that gave one-sixteenth of the estate, valued at $156 million, to Melvin Dummar, the owner of a small gas station in Willard, Utah. Dummar told reporters that in 1975 he had picked up a man who claimed to be Howard Hughes and had dropped him off in Las Vegas. Though Dummar first said he had no prior knowledge of the will or how it appeared at the church headquarters, he later claimed that a man drove to his service station and gave him the will with instructions to deliver it to Salt Lake City. Dummar said he had destroyed the instructions. Investigators discovered that Dummar had checked out a library copy of a book called The Hoax, which recounted the story of Clifford Irving's forgery of an "autobiography" of Hughes. The book contained examples of Hughes's handwriting. Document examiners demonstrated that Hughes's handwriting had changed before the time the Mormon Will supposedly was written. In addition, the examiners concluded that the will was a crude forgery. Nevertheless, it took a seven-month trial and millions of dollars from the Hughes estate to prove that the will was a fake. In the end, the court ruled that the will was a forgery. No valid will was ever found. Dummar's story later became the subject of the 1980 motion picture Melvin and Howard. Furth


Yotta- | Googology Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Share Yotta- is an  SI prefix meaning one septillion . [1] The name is a modification of Greek "okto" meaning eight. It is the largest official SI prefix, with no SI prefixes for numbers past a septillion. For extensions to the SI prefixes other people have made, see the articles on extended SI prefixes starting with Prefix 10^27 . The reciprocal of this prefix is yocto-. The name is a modification of Latin "octo" meaning eight. It is the smallest official SI prefix. Sources


Czech Emil Zatopek (1922-2000) is a famously brilliant?

Emil Zatopek | Runner's World Privacy Policy | About Us At the one-quarter mark, an anxious Zatopek asked him if the pace was fast enough. A wary Peters said no, but was unable to go with the Czech as he began to pull away. When he finished with another Olympic record (2:23:03), Zatopek was hoisted onto the shoulders of the Jamaican relay team as the crowd chanted "Za-to-pek, Za-to-pek." And so came his oft-repeated quote: "If you want to run, run a mile. If you want to experience a different life, run a marathon." This is vintage Emil Zatopek—the most beloved Czech athlete ever—who died in a Prague hospital on November 22 at the age of 78 after a long struggle with brain hemorrhages and strokes. At 5-foot-8 and a mere 145 lbs., the "bouncing Czech" was notorious for his less-than glamorous style. Red Smith wrote that Zatopek "ran like a man with a noose around his neck...the most frightful horror spectacle since Frankenstein...on the verge of strangulation; his hatchet face was crimson; his tongue lolled out." Despite this infamous style, in his 15-year career, the "Czech Express" set 18 world records and is best known for his "hat trick" in Helsinki—a feat never matched. "His results," said Czech President Vaclav Havel, "made our country famous." "In America there’s Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods and others," said Sakis Kontos, a Prague-based sports journalist. "But here, there’s only Zatopek." "Wherever I traveled, people didn’t know Czechoslovakia. But they always knew Zatopek," said Jan Jirka, long time member of the Czech Athletic Association. Zatopek hailed from Moravia, the mountainous region of this Central European nation. His parents, unsupportive of his desire to run, told him to exercise by working in the family garden, a Czech pastime. So Zatopek left home at 16. He toiled in manual labor at the Bata shoe factory, which organized employee sport gatherings. There, Zatopek took up running. Lacking natural talent, Zatopek relied on determination. He worked by day and ran by night—slowed by heavy boots, mounds of snow and a flashlight in hand. Zatopek had no coaches. So the creative youth devised his own routine by studying the great Paavo Nurmi of Finland, incorporating interval training and wind sprints with jog recoveries. Coaches laughed at Zatopek’s training routine. But eventually his methods became the norm. "Like Edison invented the light bulb, Zatopek invented how to train for long distance running," said Frantisek Broz, 71, a Czech relay runner in the 1952 Olympics and Zatopek’s good friend. When Nazis occupied then-Czechoslovakia during the Second World War, Zatopek—wearing used tennis shoes—continued to practice under German supervision inside sport stadiums. Still, the war cost Zatopek his prime. But his country—and his career—was liberated in 1945. When Czechs hit the streets in celebration, Zatopek was busy training. He first made world headlines at the age of 26 at the 1948 London Games. There, he won gold in the 10,000 and missed the 5,000 gold by a meter. Two months prior to the 1952 Games, doctors ordered Zatopek not to compete due to a gland infection. He ignored their advice and won three golds. The same afternoon as his 5,000m win, his wife Dana, won gold in the javelin. Zatopek later called it the most rewarding day of his career. Fifty years later, Broz remains in awe of his late friend. "That someone won three golds, it is, it is, uh, you cannot win all of these. It’s impossible. Only Superman can do this," he says, waving his arms in disbelief. But for Zatopek, modesty ruled. "He never had any trophies at home. He gave them away to friends or to fans and some to random people," says Anna Hodacova, 70, a lifetime friend of the Zatopeks. When asked to name his most impressive accomplishment Zatopek replied, "For some reason our housekeeper never liked me. But after the 1952 Games, she said ‘I am now your friend.’" In his homeland, Zatopek’s fame goes beyond the track. His cult status is akin to that of Muhammad Ali in America. Both athletes courageously challenged authority, using stardom t


What is the 2015-originating portmanteau term referring to the UK leaving the EU?

What is a Brexit? Home » Blog » What is a Brexit? What is a Brexit? Imagine you started a business with several different partners. Over the years, your business had its ups and downs, its fits and starts, its soaring successes and frustrating failures. During that time, you became more and more tied to your business, and your partners became more than just colleagues. They became people you invested in, and who invested in you. Occasionally, they were also people who you argued with and who argued with you. Sometimes, you didn’t know what you’d do without them. Other times, you wondered why you ever partnered up with them in the first place. Now imagine a day when someone in your family says, “Why are you still with them? Wouldn’t you be better off going solo? Then you wouldn’t have to deal with all the things that frustrate you.” Sounds reasonable, you think, until another family member says, “No, you should stay. You never would have come this far without your partners. You are stronger together than you are apart. Remember, a chain is made of many links, not just one.” What do you do? The answer to this question is exactly what the United Kingdom has to decide. You see, the scenario I just described is similar to the much-debated “Brexit.” What is Brexit? It’s a portmanteau of the words “British” and “exit,” and it refers to the upcoming referendum on whether the United Kingdom should remain in the European Union or not. The results of this referendum will have enormous implications for the entire European continent … and the global markets. Recently, several of my clients have asked about whether Brexit is something they should keep an eye on. So this letter is my way of explaining exactly what’s going on, and what it means for us here on the other side of the Atlantic. Let’s start off by talking about what, exactly, Brexit is. An (Extremely) Brief History of the UK and the European Union The EU is both an economic and political union of 28 different European nations. Most of the member states share a common currency, and they work in concert to enact laws and regulations that ensure the free movement of people, goods, and services. The origins of the EU trace back to the post-World War II days when several countries in Western Europe decided to link themselves more closely together so they could prevent another disastrous conflict. Since then, the EU has grown and grown. The United Kingdom joined in 1973, but from the start, it’s been a shaky marriage. Only two years after joining, the UK held a vote to decide whether staying in the EU was a good idea. The majority of voters decided to remain on that particular occasion, but it signaled the start of what would become a decades-long debate. Fast forward to 2015. During the UK’s general election, British Prime Minister David Cameron gave voters a promise: if reelected, he would see to it that another vote would be held to settle the issue. Cameron was reelected, and, true to his word, scheduled the referendum for June 23, 2016. Why Do People in the UK Want a Referendum at All? Let’s go back to the analogy we started with. Imagine a family member says your partners are limiting your right to make decisions based on what’s best for you. They point out that you now have even more partners than when you started, giving you less of a voice in how to run the business. That’s essentially the argument many “Leavers” are making. Others claim that leaving the EU would help stop what they see as an unwanted influx of immigrants by giving the UK more control of their own borders. On the other side, there are many people who want to stay in the European Union. Choosing otherwise, they believe, would result in millions of jobs being lost. They also see immigration as good for the economy, and claim the UK enjoys more influence inside the EU than out. At this point, which side will prevail is anybody’s guess. Public opinion polling has consistently shown an almost equal split between the two. But should the United Kingdom choose to leave the European Union, one thing is certain: th


The German 'dachshund' means '(What?) dog'?

Dachshund - definition of dachshund by The Free Dictionary Dachshund - definition of dachshund by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dachshund  (däk′sənd, -sənt, däks′ho͝ont′) n. A dog of a small breed developed in Germany for hunting badgers, having a long body, a brown or black-and-brown coat, drooping ears, and very short legs. Dachshunds are bred in long-haired, smooth-coat, wire-haired, and miniature varieties, sometimes considered separate breeds. [German : Dachs, badger (from Middle High German dahs, from Old High German; see teks- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots) + Hund, dog (from Middle High German hunt, from Old High German; see kwon- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots).] dachshund (Breeds) a long-bodied short-legged breed of dog. Also called: teckel [C19: from German, from Dachs badger + Hund dog, hound1] dachs•hund (ˈdɑksˌhʊnt, -ˌhʊnd, -ənd, ˈdæks-, ˈdæʃ-) n. one of a German breed of dogs having very short legs, a long body and ears, and a usu. reddish brown or black-and-tan coat. [1840–50; < German, =Dachs badger + Hund dog] dachshund - German for "badger hound," from its original breeding purpose to pursue a badger (etc.) that has taken refuge in a burrow. See also related terms for pursuit . ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. dachshund - small long-bodied short-legged German breed of dog having a short sleek coat and long drooping ears; suited for following game into burrows كَلْب صَغير ذو أرْجُل قَصيرَه jezevčík [ˈdækshʊnd] N → perro m salchicha dachshund [ˈdækshʊnd] n (= dog) → teckel m dachshund n → Dackel m, → Dachshund m (rare) dachshund dachshund (ˈdӕkshund) , ((American) ˈda:ks-) noun a type of small dog with a long body and very short legs. dashond, worshondjie كَلْب صَغير ذو أرْجُل قَصيرَه дакел dachshund jezevčík der Dackel gravhund ντάκσχουντ (ράτσα σκύλου) perro tejonero/salchicha taksikoer سگ پاکوتاه mäyräkoira basset allemand תָּחַש एक प्रकार का कुत्ता pas jazavčar tacskó anjing yang badannya panjang kakinya pendek greifingjahundur bassotto tedesco ダックスフント (개) 닥스훈트 taksas taksis anjing katik tekkel grevlinghund , dachs jamnik کوچنی سپی baset такса jazvečík jazbečar jazavičar tax สุนัขดัชชุนด์ zağar 德國種的水獵狗，達克斯狗 такса چھوٹے پاؤں اور لمبے دھڑ والی نسل کا کتا chó chồn 德国种的水猎狗，达克斯狗


The human hormone Ghrelin (also called Lenomorelin) is known as the '(What?) hormone'?

Your 'Hunger Hormones' Your 'Hunger Hormones' By Elaine Magee, MPH, RD From the WebMD Archives If there was a hormone in your body whose chief job was to make you feel hungry , most of us probably wouldn't be too keen on it. (I don't know about you, but having a healthy appetite has never been a problem for me.) But if there was a hormone that decreased our appetites, we'd order buckets of it! Well, let me introduce you to some hormones that do just those things: the " hunger hormones," leptin and ghrelin. Leptin is a hormone, made by fat cells, that decreases your appetite. Ghrelin is a hormone that increases appetite, and also plays a role in body weight . Levels of leptin -- the appetite suppressor -- are lower when you're thin and higher when you're fat. But many obese people have built up a resistance to the appetite-suppressing effects of leptin, says obesity expert Mary Dallman, PhD, from University of California at San Francisco. Here's what we know so far about the "hunger hormones" and what we can do to help control our appetites. What We Know About Ghrelin Ghrelin, the appetite increaser, is released primarily in the stomach and is thought to signal hunger to the brain . You'd expect the body to increase ghrelin if a person is undereating and decrease it if he or she is overeating. Sure enough, ghrelin levels have been found to increase in children with anorexia nervosa and decrease in children who are obese. German researchers have suggested that ghrelin levels play a big role in determining how quickly hunger comes back after we eat. Normally, ghrelin levels go up dramatically before you eat; this signals hunger. They then go down for about three hours after the meal. But some researchers believe that ghrelin is not as important in determining appetite as once thought. They think that its role in regulating body weight may actually be a more complex process. Continued What We Know About Leptin Of the two hormones, leptin -- the appetite suppressor -- appears to be the bigger player in our bodies' energy balance. Some researchers think that leptin helps regulate ghrelin. Leptin helps signal the brain that the body has enough energy stores such as body fat. But many obese people don't respond to leptin's signals even though they have higher levels of leptin. In general, the more fat you have, the more leptin is in your blood . But the level varies depending on many factors, including when you last ate and your sleep patterns. A study showed that rats that were given doses of leptin ended up eating less, but this effect lasted only about two weeks. It seems that the rats developed a resistance to leptin's appetite-cutting effects. How to Control Hunger Hormones Are there ways to control our "hunger hormones," and thus rein in our appetites? Possibly -- by avoiding high-fat foods. When we eat, messages go out to various parts of our bodies to tell us we've had enough. But when we eat fatty meals, this system doesn't work as well, says Dallman. Eating fat tends to lead to eating more calories, gaining weight, and storing fat, Dallman says. Researchers have seen some of these effects after only three days of a high-fat diet. But researchers have shown that either a diet rich in either "good" carbohydrates (like whole grains) or a diet high in protein suppresses ghrelin more effectively than a diet high in fat. Something that might help (and certainly won't hurt) is to get enough sleep ! In a study of 12 young men, sleep deprivation was associated with an increase in ghrelin levels, appetite, and hunger compared with when they slept 10 hours a night. All in all, this adds to the huge amount of evidence showing that avoiding a high-fat diet is one of the keys to maintaining a healthy weight.


Bananageddon: Millions face hunger as deadly fungus Panama disease decimates global banana crop | The Independent Bananageddon: Millions face hunger as deadly fungus Panama disease decimates global banana crop Disease spreads from Asia to Africa and may already have jumped to crucial plantations in Latin America Friday 4 April 2014 17:11 BST Click to follow Indy Politics The spread of the TR4 fungus represents an expanded threat to global banana production Getty Images Scientists have warned that the world’s banana crop, worth £26 billion and a crucial part of the diet of more than 400 million people, is facing “disaster” from virulent diseases immune to pesticides or other forms of control. Alarm at the most potent threat – a fungus known as Panama disease tropical race 4 (TR4) – has risen dramatically after it was announced in recent weeks that it has jumped from South-east Asia, where it has already devastated export crops, to Mozambique and Jordan. A United Nations agency told The Independent that the spread of TR4 represents an “expanded threat to global banana production”. Experts said there is a risk that the fungus, for which there is currently no effective treatment, has also already made the leap to the world’s most important banana growing areas in Latin America, where the disease threatens to destroy vast plantations of the Cavendish variety. The variety accounts for 95 per cent of the bananas shipped to export markets including the United Kingdom, in a trade worth £5.4bn. The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) will warn in the coming days that the presence of TR4 in the Middle East and Africa means “virtually all export banana plantations” are vulnerable unless its spread can be stopped and new resistant strains developed. In a briefing document obtained by The Independent, the FAO warns: “In view of the challenges associated with control of the disease and the risk posed to the global banana supply, it is evident that a concerted effort is required from industry, research institutions, government and international organisations to prevent spread of the disease.” A aircraft sprays fungicide over a plantation (Getty Images) Scientists are particularly concerned about the impact of TR4 across the developing world, where an estimated 410 million people rely on the fruit for up to a third of their daily calories. According to one estimate, TR4 could destroy up to 85 per cent of the world’s banana crop by volume. Since it emerged in the 1950s as the replacement for another banana variety ravaged by an earlier form of Panama disease, Cavendish has helped make bananas the most valuable fruit crop in the world, dominated by large multinational growing companies such as Fyffes, Chiquita and Dole. But the crop – and many other banana varieties – have no defence against TR4, which can live for 30 years or more in the soil and reduces the core of the banana plant to a blackened mush. It can wipe out plantations within two or three years and despite measures to try to prevent its spread from the original outbreak in Indonesia, it is now on the move. Such is the virulence of soil-based fungus, it can be spread in water droplets or tiny amounts of earth on machinery or shoes. Professor Rony Swennen, a leading banana expert based at Leuven University in Belgium, said: “If [TR4] is in Latin America, it is going to be a disaster, whatever the multinationals do. Teams of workers move across different countries. The risk is it is going to spread like a bush fire.” Another senior scientist, who asked not to be named because of his links with the banana industry, said: “There are good grounds for believing that TR4 is already in Latin America.” Professor Rony Swennen, leading banana expert based at the University of Leuven The Panama fungus is just one of several diseases which also threaten banana production, in particular among smallholders and subsistence farmers. Black sigatoka, another fungus to have spread from Asia, has decimated production in parts of the Caribbean since it arrived in the 1990s, reducing exports b


The UK billionaire called for Parliamentary questioning (2016) about his governance of the collapsed BHS company is Sir Philip?

Sir Philip Green questioned by MPs over BHS collapse – as it happened | Business | The Guardian Business live Sir Philip Green questioned by MPs over BHS collapse – as it happened Billionaire businessman has promised to fix pensions black hole at BHS retail chain in testy marathon session with MPs Wednesday 15 June 2016 12.52 EDT First published on Wednesday 15 June 2016 03.09 EDT Summary: Green rejects blame in six-hour Philibuster Retailer Philip Green. Photograph: Reuters That was the longest and most confrontational parliamentary session I’ve covered over the last decade. Sir Philip Green went into the grilling vowing to put his side of the story, and he took every opportunity to do so – interrupting MPs, refusing to answer questions he didn’t fancy, and taking criticism extremely badly. Broadly, his position is that some mistakes were made, but it’s not really his fault. He doesn’t want to blame anyone else, but managed to blame pretty much everyone who had a role in this fiasco - advisers, the pension regulator and even journalists. He seemed particularly irked with City firms Olswang and Grant Thornton for representing Dominic Chappell, suggesting they provided a sheen of respectability. That’s a pretty poor excuse for not realising that the ex-bankrupt racing driver might not be the best person to buy BHS . Green did at least apologise, nice and early in the session , and admit he should never have sold the company to Chappell for £1 . But he also claimed that recent criticism was “wholly” unfair, and even blamed “envy and jealousy” for the dividends which moved from BHS to his luxury base in Monaco. Green is entitled to his point of view, but perhaps he should save the lectures until the BHS pension deficit has been fixed. The committee struggled to land many punches on Green over the financial details of the BHS farrago. That’s because the Arcadia chief had a two-pronged strategy; he either produced his own figures to challenge the MPs, or claimed he simply didn’t get involved with whatever they were asking about. For example, the sale of BHS’s Ealing store to his stepson . Instead, Green preferred to focus on other wrong-doing - such as Chappell’s apparent breach of the covenants set up to protect BHS . Green did have the excuse that his wife, Lady Christina, actually owns Arcadia’s assets. Did the committee call the wrong Green? Perhaps Tina should sail one of the family’s yachts up the Thames and testify herself.... Ashley Armstrong (@AArmstrong_says) Boom! Iain Wright just hinted that he will be calling Lady Tina Green for evidence on BHS corporate governance June 15, 2016 BHS pensioners did get one piece of good news - Green’s pledge to address the pension black hole. He said: “I want to give an assurance to the 20,000 [BHS] pensioners that I am there to sort this, in the correct way.” However, Green did not promise to ensure they would receive their full entitlement; instead, it might just be better than taking a cut in the Payment Protection Fund. Green was also rather hazy about how the scheme fell into such a mess, insisting that he’d not bled the company dry but had actually invested capital in it. Green’s aggressive attitude seemed to stun MPs at first; he slammed one member for excessive staring , and snarled “I can’t deal with this” when asked a pretty fair question about whether he’d deliberately offloaded BHS’s pension liabilities. After a while they began to suspect that it might hold the key to the crisis. The committee may well conclude that the BHS disaster might have been averted if Arcadia’s chairman had been more open to criticism. A corporate governance problem, indeed . Green also showed that he’s not at the cutting edge of technology – we got a glimpse of his antiquated Nokia mobile phone , after he failed to turn it off following a break. Some younger viewers may have been baffled by the small booklet he waved at MPs at one stage; that’s called a cheque book, kids. And Green may well have to get it out again, and write a nine-figure sum to patch up the black hole in BHS’s pension. Joel


Professor Pat Pending, the Arkansas Chuggabug, and the Ant Hill Mob feature in which popular 1968-69 17-episode TV cartoon series?

Wacky Races : definition of Wacky Races and synonyms of Wacky Races (English) Yogi's Treasure Hunt (1985–1986) Wacky Races is an animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera . [1] The series features 11 different cars racing against each other in various road rallies throughout North America , [2] with each driver hoping to win the title of the "World's Wackiest Racer." Wacky Races ran on CBS from September 14, 1968, to January 4, 1969. Seventeen episodes were produced, with each episode featuring two different races. The cartoon had an unusually large number of regular characters, with twenty-three people and animals spread among the 11 race cars, plus the unseen (and never identified) race announcer. Reruns of the series currently air several times a day on Cartoon Network 's classic animation network Boomerang . Contents 12 External links   Background One of the unused plans for the series was that the races would be part of a live-action quiz show made by Merrill Heatter and Bob Quigley Productions in which contestants would bet on which Wacky Racer would cross the finish line first. Although the game show concept was eventually scrapped, the series still retained a Hanna-Barbera/Heatter-Quigley dual production credit. It is one of the few Heatter-Quigley series not currently owned by successor company Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , the studio where the Hanna-Barbera team got its start with Puss Gets the Boot . In 1988, a made-for-TV movie, Around the World with the Wacky Racers, was planned as part of Hanna-Barbera's Superstars 10 series of TV movies, but it never got past the concept stage.   Characters and vehicles   Dick Dastardly and Muttley in the Mean Machine 00 (The Double Zero) The antagonists of the series, in a purple, rocket-powered car with an abundance of concealed weapons and the ability to fly. Dastardly (voiced by Paul Winchell , in a manner that Winchell would use several years later to portray the Smurfs ' nemesis Gargamel ) is an archetypal mustache-twirling villain; Muttley (voiced by Don Messick ) is his wheezily snickering, anthropomorphic dog henchman. Dastardly concocts plans and traps in order to maintain a lead, but most of his plans backfire, causing him to finish in last place. Because of this, Dastardly has never won a Wacky Race or even officially finished in the top three. In fact, he has only crossed the line five times: thrice in last place, once in fifth place (beating the Surplus Special) and even once in first place (but in the replay was "disqualified for stretching a point"). He is often foiled by the finishing line itself, where he makes a sprint at the end to gain the lead but whilst sneering and looking behind him at the other competitors fails to notice that parts protruding from the mean machine (often sails or rockets) are too big to get under the finish banner and he subsequently crashes into it. Dick Dastardly and Muttley would also appear in Fender Bender 500, racing against characters like Yogi Bear and Quick Draw McGraw . In this series they were actually able to pull off a win. The Mean Machine appears to have been by far the fastest vehicle, providing Dastardly with a theoretically unbeatable advantage. But in every episode, after blazing far ahead of the others, Dastardly would stop to set up various booby traps for the other racers and this would eventually cost him the race. It never seems to occur to him to race fairly even though he would presumably triumph every time.   The Slag Brothers in the Bouldermobile 1 Rock and Gravel Slag (voiced by Daws Butler and Don Messick) are Cavemen driving a wheeled boulder. The Slag Brothers sometimes reconstruct their car from scratch just by using their clubs on any large boulder that is available. The Slag Brothers can summon up a Pteranodon to help them. They accelerate by hitting the car (or at times, each other) with their clubs. Often they directly attack other drivers with their clubs and various rock attacks. If the whole Wacky Races series had been scored according to the Grand Prix point scoring of the period the Sl


The logo on the famous Victorinox Swiss Army pocket knife is a (What?) in a shield?

Victorinox Knives | BestPocketKnifeToday.com Victorinox Knives Product Focus: Swiss Army Knife, Multitool Target Markets: Budget ( < $50), Mid-Range ($50-$150) Production Facilities: Switzerland Victorinox , one of the world’s best known manufacturers of pocket knives and originator of the famous “ Swiss Army Knife ,” was founded in 1884 by Karl Elsener.  The company’s iconic cross and shield logo dates from 1909, the year in which Elsener renamed his company “Victoria” in honor of his mother.  The company became “Victorinox” in 1921 and continues to this day as one of the world’s premier producers of folding, multi-purpose and fixed-blade knives for home, kitchen, workshop, utility and military uses. Based in Ibach, Switzerland, today the company employs some 900 workers and produces tens of thousands of knives daily, most for export.  In 2005, the company acquired the only other authorized user of the term “Swiss Army Knife”, Wenger and is now the world’s sole producer of knives marketed under this name. Victorinox is best known for its small, multi-purpose pocket knives.  For decades, Victorinox knives have been widely respected as useful tools for all kinds of situations, and have found their way into the hands of NASA astronauts, mountain climbers and Arctic explorers.  All of its multi-function pocket knives are known for having a variety of useful, versatile devices packed into a very compact and portable framework.  Its other single-blade folding knives are also well-regarded. In general, despite the brand’s “household-name” status, Victorinox knives are known for featuring high quality, durable steel and solid construction, even on its compact “everyday” models with plastic housings.  The company says that their inspection and and quality control processes for all of their steel supplies help insure a top-quality product. The company’s flagship model for many years was the famous “Champion,” a knife design considered important enough to be exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art in New York.  Since 1986 the basic Victorinox Swiss Army knife has been the improved “SwissChamp” model, considered to be perhaps the most functional Swiss Army Knife on the market.  The SwissChamp, with its familiar red exterior and white Victorinox logo, features 33 different tools in its 3.5 inch frame. Tools include various knife blades, a saw, pliers, a corkscrew, wire cutters, a fish scaler, a bottle opener and much more.  The SwissChamp is widely used by hunters, outdoorsmen and in everyday situations as a useful, all-purpose knife. Another well-known model is the company’s compact, ultra-portable “ Classic SD .”  Essentially a scaled-down version of the SwissChamp and its predecessors, the Classic SD is a basic multi-purpose knife designed strictly for ordinary, low-impact tasks or as a backup knife.  The Classic SD features a knife blade, a file, a pair of scissors, a toothpick and a pair of tweezers, and comes with a metal ring for attaching the knife to a key-chain.  Available in a huge variety of exterior colors and and patterns, the Classic SD is one of the company’s best-sellers and a good knife for small-scale applications and everyday carrying. Whatever the model, many of us have fond memories of holding our very first Victorinox Swiss Army Knife.  For me, as I’m sure is true for many of you, I was lucky enough to own one when I was merely a teenager, only just breaking into the world of outdoor pursuits and proud to have my own knife.  Today I still believe they make excellent starter-knives but that is not where it ends.   Many knife enthusiasts I know still carry a Victorinox each and every day due to their compact size, versatility and high quality standards.   Long live Victorinox! Below are some great examples of Victorinox knives currently on the market: One Hand Trekker The One Hand Trekker is different from your classic Swiss Army Knife but in our opinion one of the better models overall.  It’s a one handed multitool that includes 12 stainless-steel tools including the serrated knife blade that can be deployed usin


The large 14-35inch elastic plastic exercise ball developed in 1963 by Aquilino Cosani, is called a (What?) ball?

Exercise Ball | SunShineYoga.com Blog Posted by admin | Posted in Yoga For Beginners , Yoga Mats, Props, and Accessories | Posted on 07-04-2009 Yoga exercise balls are constructed from soft PVC and elastic and filled with air. The diameter usually ranges between 14 to 24 inches. They are similar to medicine balls, however, they are much larger and far lighter. These yoga exercise balls can be inflated or deflated by removing a valve stem and adjusting the air pressure. Yoga exercise balls are also known as stability balls, exercise balls, Swiss balls, gym balls, physioballs, Pezzi balls, sports balls, Swedish balls, therapy balls, birthing balls, fitness balls, pilates ball or gymnastic balls. An Italian manufacturer named Aquilino Cosani first developed the stability ball in 1963. He was able to develop a process whereby plastic balls were molded to become large and puncture-resistant. First called Pezzi Balls and Swiss Balls, these exercise balls were adapted by a British physiotherapist, Mary Quinton, for use in treatment programs in newborns and infants in Switzerland. Dr. Susanne Klein-Vogelbach, who worked as the director of a Basel, Switzerland school for physical therapy, found that yoga exercise balls were beneficial for neuro-developmental treatment. She found that the exercise ball was highly beneficial for treating adults with orthopedic and medical problems. This is known as functional kinetics. A number of physical therapists from North America began to utilize the stability ball in their own physical therapy programs. Athletic training now uses exercise balls as part of a standardized fitness routine. Other forms of exercise such as yoga also use the stability ball as an incorporated factor in the program. Using an exercise ball has a number of advantages over direct exercise on a hard flat surface because the body is forced to remain balanced despite the instability of the ball. This utilizes a number of muscles not normally worked in standard exercises, primarily abdominal and back muscles. Yoga exercise balls can be used instead of a chair. This has become very commonplace in offices, for example. The proper posture needed in order to make this happen constantly works the back and abdominal muscles. Many physical therapists recommend the use of a stability ball for patients that work in sedentary jobs. These yoga exercise balls can also be used in the birthing process. They aid in the process whereby the fetal head descends into the pelvis. Being seated in the upright position is also more comfortable for a woman during the childbirth process as it helps with fetal positioning. This is usually accomplished by having the woman sit on the exercise ball. She places her arms on the bed or table and rocks her hips. This has been found by natural physiologists to assist during the contractions and overall aid in the process of birth.


Which newspaper remains shunned in Liverpool UK due to its grossly false reporting of the 1989 Hillsborough disaster?

Hillsborough debate full transcript: Read everything MPs said in the House of Commons - link to full video now added - Liverpool Echo Hillsborough debate full transcript: Read everything MPs said in the House of Commons - link to full video now added AN HISTORIC step for the Hillsborough victims and their families was taken at last night's Commons debate.  Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email The Wordle above shows how frequently words occur within the transcript. The more often a word occurs, the bigger it appears in the cloud AN HISTORIC step for the Hillsborough victims and their families was taken at last night's Commons debate. Merseyside MPs gave emotional speeches and you can read every word that was said below, as well as listening to Steve Rotheram's speech in full. 5.42 pm Steve Rotheram (Liverpool, Walton) (Lab): I beg to move, That this House calls for the full disclosure of all Government-related documents, including Cabinet minutes, relating to the 1989 Hillsborough disaster; requires that such documentation be uncensored and without redaction; and further calls for the families of the 96 and the Hillsborough Independent Panel to have unrestricted access to that information. I thank the Backbench Business Committee for granting today’s debate, following the incredible response to the Government online petition, which attracted 140,000 signatures in just a couple of weeks. It is because those people took the time to push the Government for the release of the Hillsborough documents that today we have the first ever parliamentary debate resulting from an e-petition—although, after a fight for justice which has lasted 22 years, even that minor concession was called into question following last week’s shenanigans in the Chamber. I also thank colleagues for their fantastic support and response: almost 100 MPs from nine separate political parties supported our application to the Backbench Business Committee. This is a victory for democracy and a victory for people power, but it remains to be seen whether it will be a victory for the families. They have been let down so many times that they will not be surprised if there are those who would prefer for this simply to go away. For those who foolishly believe that that might be the outcome of today’s debate, let me make it absolutely clear: this issue will never just go away—not until there is justice for the 96. During this debate, I will set out why I believe it is an important issue for this House to consider, albeit a bit late in the day, and outline why it is essential to press the Government on their commitment to release all papers relating to the Hillsborough disaster. All parts of the House should agree to the terms of the motion, but if they do not I intend to press the House to a vote. My hope is that common sense, and ultimately justice, will prevail. Listen to Steve Rotherham's speech, recording from Mirror.co.uk I want to begin by setting out the context to the disaster, as there is a fundamental misunderstanding of what happened on 15 April 1989 and in the dark days, weeks, years and, ashamedly, decades that followed. There have been only a few occasions in my life when I have been completely overwhelmed by the emotion of the event that I was witnessing—the birth of my three wonderful children, the death of my beloved mum, and the loss of close friends and relatives. However, there is one other event that will live with me for the rest of my life, and that is the tragedy at Sheffield on that beautiful spring day 22 years, six months and two days ago. Before 1989, Hillsborough was just the name of one of England’s famous old football grounds, but for the past two decades the word "Hillsborough" has evoked memories of Britain’s worst ever sporting disaster. It was a day when I helplessly watched frantic scenes as people who had travelled to see a football match, some mere children, lay injured and dying as they were pulled from the terraces. I was one of the


An increasing human/animal health hazard in Europe is the 'Oak Processionary (What?)'?

HORROR UNDER THE MICROSCOPE - Pakfiles.com Courtsey of Youtube.This Video content is delivered to you directly from Youtube.com HORROR UNDER THE MICROSCOPE Report Video HORROR UNDER THE MICROSCOPE Scariest Creatures 10 of the scariestcreepiest creatures that actually exist and will haunt your dreams Part name Horror under the Microscope. The story behind the photos Number 10 Scolopendra gigantea, also known as the Amazonian giant centipede, is the largest existing species of centipede in the world, reaching over 30 cm 12 in in length. It is known to eat lizards, frogs, birds, mice, and even bats, catching them in midflight, as well as rodents and spiders. The Permian genus Euphoberia was the largest centipede, growing up to 1 m 39 in in length. Number 9 Solifugae are an order of animals in the class Arachnida. They are known variously as camel spiders, wind scorpions, sun spiders or solifuges.At the front end the prosoma bears two chelicerae that in most species are conspicuously large. The chelicerae serve as jaws. Most species of the Solifugae live in deserts and feed opportunistically on ground-dwelling arthropods and other small animals. Some species may grow to a length of 300 mm 12 in including legs.  Number 8 Male Ant-mimicking jumping spider, Myrmarachne formicaria, Salticidae Size 6 mm Number 7 Small orb weaver, about 5 mm body length. Has its front legs raised in its pissed off stance.  Number 6 Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies are generally small flies with large, prominent eyes and a metallic cast to their appearance. The males often have enlarged genitalia which can be useful for species recognition. The adults are predatory on other small animals. Number 5 Cicindela campestris, commonly called the green tiger beetle is a widespread Eurasian species of tiger beetle. Adults are 12-15mm long.  Number 4 The Oak Processionary Thaumetopoea processionea is a moth whose caterpillars are pests in oak forests and pose a health hazard because of their poisonous setae hairs, which may cause skin irritation and asthma. The moths are widely distributed in central and southern Europe. The wingspan of adult stage moths is between 25 and 35 mm. The moths are posing an increasing threat to humans as their range is being extended by the warming European climate. The backs of older caterpillars are covered with up to 63,000 pointed defensive bristles containing an urticating toxin.  Number 3 Annelid worm. Colored scanning electron micrograph SEM of an annelid worm, belonging to the subclass Oligochaeta. This subclass encompasses terrestrial earthworms and species that live in freshwater environment. Number 2 picture of Polychaete, or scale worm, a species that survive the intense pressures more than 1,000 meters below the waters surface, where the suns rays never penetrate. Scale worms have mouths which can turn inside out in order to help them catch their prey. The creatures can exists in both the extreme cold of the seabed, as well as super heated water found near the volcanic vents where water can be 375C Number 1 A colored scanning electron micrograph SEM of the head of a maggot or the maggot of a bluebottle fly Protophormia sp. with tiny teeth-like fangs extending from its mouth. The maggots of this fly are used medicinally to clean wounds. The maggots are sterilised and placed in the wound, where they feed on dead tissue and leave healthy tissue untouched. Their saliva contains anti- bacterial chemicals which maintain sterility in the area. Maggots are used on ulcers and deep wounds away from organs or body cavities, most often being used to treat diabetic ulcers on the feet.  Social Media MY   MY TWITTER   MY INSTAGRAM  Worlds most amazing photos - Part 19 Horror under the Microscope PLAYLIST Please select the category that most closely reflects your concern about the video, so that we can review it and determine whether                     it violates our Community Guidelines or isn't appropriate for all viewers. Abusing this feature is also a violation of the Community


James Grieve, Blenheim Orange, Irish Peach, and Ashmead's Kernel are traditional varieties of?

Ashmead's Kernel Ashmead's Kernel Why you should be excited: Ashmead's Kernel is an old-time English apple that's homely to look at, but truly memorable to eat.  The story of Ashmead's Kernel: Here's one for true apple aficianados. We're talking about folks who don't reject an apple lacking the perfect big shiny sameness of Red Delicious. Those who don't worry about its drab, lumpy appearance, let alone its relatively small size. And thos who can live with -- and maybe even admire -- the rusetting that industrial agriculture has indoctrinated us into considering a fault (which it isn't, by the way).  Yep, Ashmead's Kernel is an apple for the connoisseur who considers taste to be king. For nearly three hundred years, those in the know have placed this fine apple at or near the top of the heap in that department.  Discovered in Gloucester, England way back in 1720, Ashmead's Kernel is perhaps the greatest of all fresh eating apples, despite it's sad-sack appearance. We're talking about crisp, juicy flesh and a distinctive flavour that's highly aromatic, sweet, yet slightly acidic at the same time.  While you can cook with an Ashmead's Kernel apple, you'll likely agree that it's best suited to fresh eating. Or for use in cider. It keeps well, so you can stash a few away in the crisper of your fridge and enjoy them for fresh eating several months after harvest time.  And it doesn't hurt any that Ashmead's Kernel is relatively easy to grow, produces regularly (after sometimes keeping us waiting a while before a young tree starts to make fruit) and resistant to nasty ol' apple scab.  A winner all-round, we say.


A traditional Moroccan house with central atrium courtyard/garden is called a?

What is a Moroccan Riad? - Blue Door Hotel Services Blue Door Hotel Services What is a Moroccan Riad?     A riad (Arabic: رياض) is a traditional Moroccan house with an interior garden or courtyard. The word riad comes from the Arabian term for garden, “ryad”. The riads were inward focused, which allowed for family privacy and protection from the weather in Morocco. This inward focus was expressed in the central location of most of the interior gardens and courtyards and the lack of large windows on the exterior clay or mud brick walls. This design principle found support in Islamic notions of privacy for women. Because all of the rooms open into the central atrium space, this layout also supports community within the family.  In the central garden of traditional riads there is often a fountain, which naturally circulates and cools off the air, functioning as a natural air-conditioner. The style of these riads has changed over the years, but the basic form is still used in designs today. Recently there has been a surge in interest in this form of house in cities such as Tangier as riads have been restored to their former glory. Many riads are now used as hotels or restaurants.


Junk, Trimaran, Pontoon, and Luzzu are types of?

Salvage  Boats for Sale And Auction Cert Of Title To A Boat Warning: Not actual miles on odometer. Flood Salvage Boat


The traditional pudding of strawberries, meringue and whipped cream is called?

Eton Mess | Pretty. Simple. Sweet. Google+0 This quick and easy traditional English dessert is made from a mixture of whipped cream, strawberries, and meringue – either layered as a trifle or mixed together into a delicious mess.  Until just recently, meringues haven’t exactly been my cup of tea since they were too sweet for my taste as a standalone dessert. Every time I get a box of meringues as a gift (it’s quite a thing around here), I break them into pieces, and serve them (mostly to myself) with some strawberries and whipped cream. I had been doing this long before I had even heard of Eton mess because it just felt like the perfect combination. Apparently they thought the same thing back in the 1930s, when this dessert originated at the famous Eton school in England. Sometimes, if I plan to make the dessert ahead of time, I’ll prepare my homemade meringues from scratch. But when I want to whip up a quick dessert for guests that are about to arrive, I’ll just go (i.e., send Erez) to my favorite bakery near my house and buy their beautiful meringues instead. You can either serve this dessert in individual serving dishes or glasses, or in one large trifle bowl for anyone to take as much as they want. Just make sure that, in the case of the latter, you don’t invite me to your party. “As much as I want” usually means all of it. You have two options in assembling this dessert. The first is to layer the ingredients, placing strawberries, broken meringue pieces, and whipped cream one on top of the other, then repeat the layering once more. The other option is to make it the more traditional way, which is folding the pieces of strawberry and meringue into the whipped cream. I already told you about the ‘Eton’ part of the name, so now you get the ‘mess’ part, too. This dessert needs to be put together close to serving time, when the meringues are still crispy. You can prepare each of the dessert components in advance: whipping the cream, cutting the strawberries, and breaking the meringues. Store the whipped cream and strawberries in the fridge until you’re ready to use them. Once ready to serve, simply mix all of it together. If you prefer adding more meringues or strawberries (or less, but… really?), then you are welcome to do so. You know I’ll be the last person to stop you. If you want, you can make a simple strawberry sauce by processing about 150g of additional strawberries in a food processor with a bit of powdered sugar until pureed. Then, either mix it with the strawberries, swirl it into the cream, or pour it on top of the dish. To dress up this dessert, I top each serving dish with freshly sliced strawberries, meringue pieces, or mini meringue kisses.


Who discovered gravity and proposed the Three Laws of Motion?

Open Course : Astronomy : Introduction : Lecture 6 : Laws of Motion & Gravity Tension (Cohesion): an attractive force that holds objects together. Cohesion prevents moons and planets from being torn apart by tidal forces (though not always!).   Friction: an attractive force that opposes the sliding of objects past each other. Friction between molecules in a gas falling into a black hole will cause it to heat up and emit radiation. Question: if the force of gravity is pulling you downward, what force counteracts it to keep you in place while you are sitting or standing? 6.4 The Universal Law of Gravity (Discovering the Universe, 5th ed., §2-5) In order to complete his study of the motion of the planets,     Newton had to combine his general Laws of Motion with a specific     description of the force of gravity.   Knowing the basic     behavior of the planets from Kepler's Laws, Newton was able to     determine an appropriate force law, the Universal Law of Gravitation: Here, G is a constant, M and m are two masses,     and r is the separation between them.   Gravity is an attractive force, and in accordance with Newton's Third Law , the two     masses feel equal and opposite forces.   Gravity is relatively weak because of the small value of     the gravitation constant G; in metric units, G = 6.7 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2 . Therefore, large masses are required to provide an appreciable     force, e.g. the mass of the Earth is 6.0 x 1024 kg.   Despite the Earth's large mass, the gravitational force holding     you to the surface of the Earth, your weight, is still     only a few hundred Newtons. (Note: the distance r in the force law is the radius of     the Earth, 6378 Km, as if all of its mass is concentrated at     its center.) 6.5 Gravity and Kepler's Laws (Discovering the Universe, 5th ed., §2-6) By combining the Law of Gravitation     with his Laws of Motion, Newton was able to mathematically derive     all three of Kepler's     Laws ! (In the process Newton also had to invent the mathematics of calculus !)   Because the Sun is so much more massive than any of the planets,     it has a very small gravitational acceleration, and can be taken     as essentially motionless. As described by Kepler, Newton found that all of the planets     move around the Sun in circular     and elliptical orbits, with the Sun located at a focus of     each planet's orbit. Objects with circular and elliptical orbits move around the Sun with a definite period, always between their perihelion and aphelion distances, and sweeping out equal areas in equal times.   Newton also showed that Kepler's 3rd Law , relating semimajor axis and period, depends on the mass of whatever is being orbited: As before, a is measured in AU and P is measured in years. But now the mass M appears, and here is measured as multiples of the mass of the Sun. This result provides a powerful tool for determining the mass of the Sun, as well any planet being orbited by a moon, simply by measuring a and P. Question: Newton could immediately calculate the mass of which planets?   Circular and elliptical orbits describe objects which     are bound to the Sun. Newton also demonstrated that there could be parabolic and hyperbolic orbits!   A parabolic orbit describes an object which is marginally     bound. Such an object can escape from the Sun's gravity, but it will     just barely reach an infinite distance. Recall that a parabolic orbit has an eccentricity e = 1. Therefore, highly elliptical orbits (e > 0.9) approach a parabolic shape.   An object in a hyperbolic orbit travels in a straight     line until it nears the Sun and has its path deflected by gravity. Such an object is not part of our solar system, but is instead     simply passing through, and can be infinitely far from the Sun     while still moving at high speed. An object with a hyperbolic orbit is therefore said to be unbound. A hyperbola has an eccentricity e > 1. 6.6 Energy (Discovering the Universe, 5th ed., §2-


Clove hitch, Sheepshank, Figure eight, and Bowline are?

Sheepshank | How to tie a Sheepshank | Scouting Knots View Video Sheepshank Knot Tying Fold the rope to approximately the desired new length. Form a Half Hitch in one standing end, drop it over the adjacent bight, and tighten it. Form a Half Hitch in the other standing end, drop it over its adjacent bight, and then tighten it too. Apply the load carefully. Sheepshank Knot Details Avoid Using It: With the possible exceptions below, the Sheepshank should never be used.  It is only included here because Boy Scouts used to be required to learn it. Ashley described Sheepshanks ( ABOK # 1152 - 1154, p 210) but cautioned that they "......should be seized or otherwise secured to make them safe unless the need is very temporary...." Sheepshank Failing Sheepshank Failing Failure Under Load: Some modern synthetic materials tend to be flexible and slippery. The illustration here shows a correctly tied sheepshank failing under modest load. This is a piece of three strand nylon rope and this failure was reproduced easily and repeatedly. Eliminate It: If you are asked to learn to tie the Sheepshank, please request your Troop Leader to eliminate this knot and replace it with something safe and useful, e.g., the Alpine Butterfly Loop is an excellent way of creating a loop in the middle of a length of rope and can also be safely used to shorten a rope. Bellringer's Knot Bellringer's Knot Bellringer's Knot: Bellringer's use just one end of a Sheepshank to keep the tail of the rope off the ground when not being used. Practical Limitations: In practice, the Sheepshank would be almost impossible to tie under load; shortening one end and re-securing the line would be preferable. As a knot, it cannot pass through blocks or sheaves. In the critical environments presented by climbing, search and rescue, and boating, there are no applications where the Sheepshank would offer an acceptable solution. Sheepshank Shortens Neckband Sheepshank Shortens Neckband Possible Exceptions: A modern neckband can be a closed loop with no access to the ends. If your neckband is too long, the Sheepshank may be used to shorten it. We were recently part of a travel group issued with receivers to hear our guide. We all found the neckbands inconveniently long and preferred using them shortened as shown here. Another suggested use for the Sheepshank is the protection of a damaged or weakened piece of rope. A more secure alternative is the Alpine Butterfly Loop . Disclaimer: Any activity that involves ropes is potentially hazardous. Lives may be at risk - possibly your own. Considerable attention and effort have been made to ensure that these descriptions are accurate. However, many critical factors cannot be controlled, including: the choice of materials; the age, size, and condition of ropes; and the accuracy with which these descriptions have been followed. No responsibility is accepted for incidents arising from the use of this material. Copyright


The Piolet d'Or is a major award by the French magazine Montagnes for?

The Piolet d'Or is Back - Climbing Magazine | Rock Climbing, Mountaineering, Bouldering, Ice Climbing The Piolet d'Or is Back Avatar: 0 Marko Prezelj accepting the 2007 Piolet d’Or for a new route on Chomolhari, climbed in 2006 with Boris Lorencic. Prezelj used the occasion to criticize the concept of prizes for alpinism, and the 2008 event was scrapped while the prize program was reorganized. Courtesy of Montagnes Magazine. The Piolet d’Or will return this spring after a one-year hiatus and a search for a new format that aims to make such prizes acceptable to those who believe alpinism has no winners and losers. Created in 1991, the Piolets d’Ornow offered in pluralwill be presented again in late April as part of an international mountain festival. The Piolet d’Or event in 2008 was canceled in the face of criticism from many top alpinists, including winners of the award. Since then, under the leadership of Christian Trommsdorff, co-president of the French Groupe de Haute Montagne (GHM), the Piolets d’Or have been significantly reorganized. This year, the jury will have the option of choosing multiple “winners” from the pool of final nominees. In addition, one climber each year will be honored with a Piolet d’Or for lifetime achievement. The jury will have no representatives from the event sponsors, which include the GHM, Vertical and Montagnes magazines, and the towns of Chamonix-Mont Blanc, France, and Courmayeur, Italy. The formerly French-dominated award ceremony will be held in two countriesFrance and Italyand the jury will be broadly international. Doug Scott from the U.K. will be this year’s jury president. The new Piolets d’Or charter reflects a commitment to lightweight alpinism. It says, “In modern mountaineering, questions of style and means of ascent take precedence over reaching the objective itself…. The Piolets d’Or throw the spotlight on imaginative and innovative new routes, using a minimum amount of equipment, and building on experience.” In addition to climbing difficulty, the jury will consider three categories of “respect”: for people (including porters and other local employees); for the environment; and for future generations of mountaineers. Coincidentally, the most recent edition of Climbing announces the 2008 Golden Piton Awards, Climbing’s annual prize for achievements in various climbing disciplines. The Golden Pitons went to: • Chris Sharma (sport) • Fumitaka Ichimura, Yusuke Sato, and Katsutaka Yokoyama (alpine) • Tommy Caldwell (big wall)


To enable accurate measuring of Moon-Earth distance the NASA lunar landings of 1969-72 left on the moon a?

6 Observations and Science Potentially Enabled by the Vision for Space | The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon: Final Report | The National Academies Press 6 Observations and Science Potentially Enabled by the Vision for Space Exploration The Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) and the returns to the Moon by robotic and human explorers will provide the opportunity to make use of the Moon’s location and the unique perspective that this location provides to carry out research in several fields of science. In this chapter the committee considers the potential benefits for various disciplines—astrophysics, gravitational physics, cosmic-ray physics, astrobiology, earth sciences, heliophysics, and magnetospheric and ionospheric physics—from of emplacing experimental apparatus on the Moon. This committee was not constituted to recommend priorities for research in these diverse disciplines. The committee believes that the appropriate standing committees of the Space Studies Board are better able to judge the scientific priorities of research within their disciplines in the context of such research conducted from other locations in space, as well as the Moon. ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS The lunar surface has historically been seen as a possible site for telescopes operating panchromatically and at the highest resolution, without an intervening absorbing and distorting atmosphere. In the early years of space astronomy, the stability of the lunar surface and large reaction mass were considered highly advantageous for telescope pointing and tracking, and the long diurnal cycle was considered advantageous, at least relative to low-Earth orbit (LEO), for thermal equilibration of large optical instruments. In addition, hypothetical future human visits to the Moon ensured some level of accessibility for service, maintenance, and upgrades. The full costs of construction, deployment, and operation of telescopes on the lunar surface can reasonably be assumed to be larger than the costs for comparable equipment operating in free space, however. This cost difference arises, at minimum, from added propulsion requirements and the mitigation of added risks from landings. The issue then becomes a question of what features the lunar surface uniquely offers astronomical telescopes that free space does not. The lunar surface offers, at least in the early stages of lunar development, extraordinarily radio-quiet sites on the lunar farside that could enable a highly sensitive low-frequency radio telescope. 1 Such a telescope would be a 1 The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), through its Radiocommunication Sector, has formally recognized the scientific importance of lunar radio astronomy, especially below 30 MHz, in its recommendation ITU-RA.479 “Protection of frequencies for radioastronomical measurements in the shielded zone of the Moon.” The committee notes, however, that that the low level of radio interference in this zone could be compromised by noncompliant development on the farside surface, telecommunication and research spacecraft in lunar orbit (including reflections), or science missions elsewhere, notably at the Earth-Sun Lagrange points. Page 63 Share Cite Suggested Citation : "6 Observations and Science Potentially Enabled by the Vision for Space." National Research Council. 2007. The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11954. × Cancel powerful tool in investigating the “dark ages” of the universe, before the reionization era, in which highly redshifted 21 cm (1420 MHz) emission from neutral hydrogen would reveal the earliest structures in the universe before the first phase of nuclear enrichment. At redshifts on the order of one hundred, this strong emission line approaches the ~15 MHz plasma frequency of Earth’s ionosphere, below which the opacity is very high and observations from the surface of Earth are not possible. For redshifts below this, the science thrust is for terrestrial efforts (e.g., Low Frequency Array, Square Kil


What scientist did the Vatican officially pardon in 1992, having declared him a heretic, and forced him to recant under threat of torture, for asserting in 1632 that the Earth orbits the Sun?

Galileo: The Trump Card of Catholic Urban Legends Galileo: The Trump Card of Catholic Urban Legends Pittsburgh Catholic ^ | 5/15/09 | Robert P. Lockwood Posted on 05/18/2009 9:12:37 PM PDT by bdeaner The film Angels and Demons brings up the Catholic Churchs so-called war on science and the churchs treatment of Italian scientist Galileo Galilei. The following analysis sheds much-needed light on the case. In October 1992, Cardinal Paul Poupard presented to Pope John Paul II the results of the Pontifical Academy study of the famous 1633 trial of Galileo. He reported the studys conclusion that at the time of the trial, theologians ... failed to grasp the profound non-literal meaning of the Scriptures when they condemned Galileo for describing a universe that seemed to contradict Scripture. The headlines that followed screamed that the church had reversed itself on the 17th century astronomer, and commentators wondered about the impact of the study on papal infallibility and that the church had finally surrendered in its war with science. Which only proved once again that the trial of Galileo  even more so than the Inquisition  is the granddaddy of all Catholic urban legends. Galileo is the alleged proof that the church is anti-science and anti-modern thought. He is the all-encompassing trump card, played whether the discussion is over science, abortion, gay rights, legalized pornography or simply as a legitimate reason for anti-Catholicism itself. If Galileo had never lived, the anti-Catholic culture would have had to invent him. Like many urban Catholic legends, we are all infected a bit by the propaganda surrounding Galileo. Heres a little just-the-facts that might help the next time someone tries to throw this urban legend in your face: Was the church opposed to scientific study at the time of Galileo? Most of the early scientific progress, particularly astronomy, was rooted in the church. Galileo would not so much discover that the Earth revolved around the sun, but attempt to prove the theories of a Catholic priest who had died 20 years before Galileo was born, Nicholas Copernicus. It was also the church at that time, under the aegis of Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced one of the major achievements of modern astronomy when Galileo was in his teens. The Western world still marked time by the Julian calendar created in 46 B.C. By Galileos day, the calendar was 12 days off, leaving church feasts woefully behind the seasons for which they were intended. It was Pope Gregory XIII who was able to present a more accurate calendar in 1582. Though Protestant Europe fumed at the imposition of popish time, the accuracy of Gregorys calendar led to its acceptance throughout the West. What did Copernicus discover? Through mathematical examination Copernicus came to believe that the Earth and the planets in our solar system revolve around it  contrary to popular and scientific understanding at the time, which had a fixed Earth at the center of the entire universe. His manuscript would circulate in scholarly circles, though it would not be formally published until he was on his deathbed in 1543. But Pope Leo X (1513-1521) had been intrigued by his theories and expressed an interest in hearing them advanced. For the most part, the church raised no objections to his revolutionary hypothesis after his death, as long as it was represented as theory, not undisputed fact. The difficulty that the church had with the theory is that it was perceived as contradicting Scripture where it was written that Joshua had made the sun stand still and the Psalmist praised the Earth set firmly in place. Most important, the theory could not be proven by current scientific technology. Galileo is often portrayed as a pure scientist ranting and raging against religious oppression. Is this an accurate picture of the man? The myth we have of Galileo is that of a faithless renegade attacked by a church afraid of science. Its false on all counts. Galileo was a traditional believing Catholic  his daughter was a devout nun  who saw no contra


A linen 'stola' is the female equivalent of the Roman man's woollen?

Roman Dress Your browser does not support the IFRAME tag. Roman Dress Priest's Toga The Pallium Cloak Roman clothing owed much to that of ancient Greece, but it had distinct forms of its own. In all the ancient world, first and foremost clothes needed to be simple. As for possible materials there was only really one. Wool, although to some extent linen was also available. The needles of the day were coarse and unwieldy by modern standards. Hence any stitching or sewing was kept to a minimum. This of course also ruled out button holes, and meant that any kind of clothing was held together either with fastenings such as broaches or clasps. Underwear As undergarments Romans would wear a simply loin cloth knotted on each side. This garment appeared to have several names. The most probable explanation for this is that they varied in shape. They were the subligar, subligaculum, campestre, licium and cinctus. Women would also wear a simple brassière in the form of a band, tightly tied around the body, either across the bust and under clothing (fascia), or under the bust and over clothing (strophium, mammillare, cingulum). Undergarments are believed to generally have been of linen. Spanish, Syrian and Egyptian linen was deemed of the finest quality. The Tunic The most basic garment in Roman clothing was the tunic (tunica). It was the standard dress of Rome. For most Romans and slaves the tunic would be the entire clothing they dressed in before setting foot outdoors. The male tunic would generally reach roughly to the knees, whereas women�s tunics would generally be longer, some reaching to the ground. Female tunics often also had long sleeves. However, it took until the second or third century AD for long sleeves to become acceptable for men. Until then it was perceived as highly effeminate to be wearing one. Cold weather would likely see Romans wear two or three tunics to keep warm. In that case the tunics nearest the body, functioning as a vest, would be the subucula. The next layer would be the intusium or supparus. Emperor Augustus, who was of a rather frail constitution, was known to wear as many as four tunics in winter. There was some formal differences in tunics which denoted social rank. A purple stripe worn on the tunic was called a clavus and indicated membership to a particular order: - the latus clavus (or laticlavium) denoted senators. - the angustus clavus was the mark of the equestrian order. Dalmatica Tunic For larger picture click on image above So a senator could wear a tunic featuring a vertical broad purple stripe down the centre. An equestrian could wear a tunic featuring two vertical narrow purple stripes on either side of the tunic. It is worth mentioning the tunica palmata which was a brightly coloured tunic embroidered with palm leaves and was worn by the triumphator during his triumph, or possibly by other dignitaries at other, very exceptional occasions. The richest form of the long-sleeved tunic, the dalmatica, in many cases replaced the toga altogether in the later years of empire. In the very same age, due to the influence of Germanic soldiers dominating the ranks of the army, long, close-fitting trousers were widely worn. The Toga Toga Praetexta For larger picture click on image above The toga was allowed to be worn only by free Roman citizens. Foreigners, or even exiled citizens, could not appear in public wearing a toga. If in the early days the toga was worn directly on the naked body, then later a simple tunic was added, tied at the waist with a belt. There were some old families with ancient ancestry who insisted on continuing the tradition of dressing without a tunic, but their fellow Romans understood them somewhat eccentric. Basically the toga was a large blanket, draped over the body, leaving one arm free. Through experiments historians have concluded that the vast blanket took the form of a semi circle. It was along the straight edge the purple stripe of a senator's toga praetexta ran. Usually the toga spanned between 2 � and 3 meters long (though apparently up to 5 � metres long in som


The poodle dog/name originated in Germany from association with?

| History | Poodle, Were, His, Poodles, Have History HISTORY OF YOUR POODLE Information Presented By PoodleMaineia Kennel 2008 Some trace the Poodle back to Roman times through bas-reliefs, mosaics and paintings, but unfortunately none of these exist now, and no mention is made of it in Roman writings, as is true of some other dogs. So we must look to the Middle Ages as a starting point. Of the three different-sized Poodle, the standard is undoubtedly the oldest because it had a purpose, that of being a water retriever. Back in the days when wild game, especially waterfowl, was valued as meat for the table everyone prized a dog that helped to obtain it. During the Feudalistic Middle Ages the noblemen controlled the land and all the rights to it, including the privilege of hunting. The finest dogs belonged to them, and these were often exchanged as gifts and present with other noblemen in distant lands. At times they were even demanded as ransom as part of a military victory, and of course they were often used to gain the ear of a lord or a duke when asking a favor. The Poodle was undoubtedly held in high esteem, for it appears in the art and writings of so many countries in the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Over and over again we meet the Poodle in Germany, France, Russia, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, England, even the Low Countries of Belgium and Holland - from Durer in 1510 to Goya and Landseer, the renowned English animal painter, to Toulouse-Lautrec. Landseer painted his famous "Laying Down the Law", which is dear to the hearts of all Poodle breeders, for it shows a judicious white Standard Poodle giving a legal lecture to several other breeds of dogs on their transgressions. Toulouse-Lautrec painted the circus Poodle, a black tuft gamin which he knew so well. Writers too have used the Poodle. In 1780 Goethe portrayed Mephistopheles as returning to earth as a black Poodle, and stories of other Poodles lace through literature from Dickens to Alexander Woollcott. No other breed can claim to have reached such high favor in so many different places as the Poodle. In fact, most of the other breeds trace their origin back to one specific country, even a tiny area of that country - the Weimaraner from Germany and the Brittany spaniel from France, for example. But not the Poodle. He really seems to be ubiquitous, probably helped along by sea captains and circus performers who dealt in dogs on the side, carrying them to and from various ports and cities to sell to wealthy noblemen and merchants. Undoubtedly the two features, which made the Poodle different from other dogs and accounted for its extraordinary growth, were its coat and intelligence. Its wiry, almost waterproof coat was ideal protection for hunting around marshes and rivers. When someone clipped its hindquarters, supposedly to allow it more mobility in water, leaving a longhaired ruff around the chest and heart for protection and buoyancy, there lay the base for the chic haircuts and grooming procedures we have today. Where looks might have made him merely a fad, his brains and sense of humor endeared him to both royalty and the bourgeois. First written mention of the Poodle as a breed appeared in northern Germany and western Russia. In 1524, the German writer Gesner describes a dog called a Pudel as a retriever, specifically for waterfowl, in which task, he says; the dog has no superior. In fact the German word Pudel, from whence comes our word Poodle, means to splash in water. A large dog similar to our standard of today, he was usually black or brown, occasionally white, particularly the Russian variety. In Belgium and Holland he was known as Poedel and used for the same purpose. In France, the large Poodle was first known as the Barbet, the origin of which word is confusing. It may relate to the French word barb, meaning, "Bearded", or to a species of bearded duck known to have existed in France in early times, or to the Barbary Coast (North Africa, specifically Morocco). This last point doesn't seem to make sense until you realize


In Europe which dangerous natural phenomenon exists only in Portugal, Norway, Iceland, Italy and the Canary Islands?

10 incredible natural phenomena | Inspire Me | Wanderlust 10 incredible natural phenomena Tweet 1. Starling murmuration, UK Throughout autumn and winter, coal-coloured clouds suffocate Somerset's skies (pictured above, Shutterstock ). But these are no ordinary storm clouds. As the sun sets and flocks of starlings take flight, admire what is known in the birding world as a murmuration. Watch innumerable starlings twist, turn and tumble, collectively forming a rhythmic black mass silhouetted against the sunken sun. It's one of the few things on earth that conveys a real sense of suspended reality. Settle yourself on Shapworth Heath in Somerset to witness one of the largest murmurations in the UK. Alternatively, ring the Avalon Marshes Starling Hotline on 07866 554 142 to find out the exact location of the flock. Glow-in-the-dark mushrooms (dreamstime) 2. Firefox mushrooms, Brazil You may have heard of phosphorescent algae and fireflies, but the firefox mushroom takes bio-illumination to another level. Standing next to one of these fungi is like being transported to the Avatar planet of Pandora. These mushrooms are one-of-a-kind, eerily glowing in the dark on moist, rotting bark during late summer months. No-one knows why the firefox glows a blueish-green; some say they are the fires of fairies, others believe they are supernatural 'cold' fires. Trek through the tropical forests of Ribeira Valley Tourist State Park, near São Paulo, and you can't fail to miss their presence. Timanfaya National Park ( Shutterstock ) 3. Painted earth, Lanzarote Fresh greens and violent reds, rusty oranges and moon-coloured creams wash over the arid volcanic sands of Timanfaya National Park. The shimmering dunes are a photographer's dream. While you're there, witness the beyond-boiling temperatures that the island's single active volcano emits. Pour water into the earth and watch the ground spit it back out in the form of a geyser. Or, step into the kitchen of the National Park's only restaurant, where chefs cook on natural heat sources. Epic volcanic eruptions in 1730 and 1824 created new craters which scar the National Park's rocky surface, making for interesting hiking opportunities too. Asperatus clouds ( Shutterstock ) 4. Asperatus clouds, Iowa These ominous clouds are not the fluffy Mr Whippy type that you find on a mid-summer's day. In fact, they'll make you feel like you're standing on a seabed floor, gazing up at a choppy sinister ocean surface. Watch the watery-looking clouds suffocate the sun and transform the day into dusk. The undulating asperatus is relatively new in the cloud books: the formation was classified by the World Meteorological Organisation in 1951. The asperatus cloud, meaning 'rough' in Latin, is often found on the Great Plains of the United States around midday after a thunderstorm. Stripey icebergs, Scotia Sea ( Shutterstock ) 5. Humbug icebergs, Antarctica These stripey 'humbug' icebergs look akin to nature's version of Mark Rothko's stripy paintings, with their clear blue, green and brown banding. These minty-looking icebergs are formed over thousands, if not millions, of years on the icy continent of Antarctica, when soil, blown dust or volcanic ash was sandwiched between frozen water. As the summer melting begins, they float out to sea. Marbled and alone, they float on the ocean surface. Also, keep on the look out for other icy phenomena, like the bright green jade icebergs that float ashore, 'frozen tidal waves' and blue-lined icebergs. Moeraki Boulders at sunset ( Shutterstock ) 6. Moeraki boulders, New Zealand The Māori believe them to be eel baskets, others say they are hooligan's gallstones or the bowling balls of giants. Whatever these perfect spherical boulders are, they are certainly worth a look. The giant marbles are essentially nature's version of hollowed concrete balls, forming deep under the sea in mud and clay. Incredibly, some have grown to be seven feet wide and they are believed to be at least 50 million years old. The Moeraki boulders lie scattered across a stretch of KoeKohe Beach in New Zea


Richard Adams' 1972 anthropomorphic novel Watership Down is about a colony of?

Richard Adams | English author | Britannica.com English author Jane Austen Richard Adams, in full Richard George Adams (born May 9, 1920, Wash Common, Berkshire [now West Berkshire], England —died December 24, 2016), English author known for redefining anthropomorphic fiction, most notably with Watership Down (1972; film 1978), a novel that naturalistically depicts the travails of a group of wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) seeking a new home. Adams was raised in a rural community outside Newbury , Berkshire, where he led an isolated childhood mostly occupied by exploring his bucolic surroundings. He enrolled at Worcester College, Oxford, in 1938, but the advent of World War II the next year necessitated the postponement of his studies. In 1940 he enlisted in the Royal Army Service Corps, joining an airborne company. Following the war, Adams completed a bachelor’s degree in modern history at Oxford (1948). He found work with the civil service, eventually advancing to assistant secretary in the precursor to the Department of the Environment in 1968. (He cowrote the version of the Clean Air Act passed that year.) Largely immersed in work and raising a family (he married in 1949), Adams did not begin writing until 1966. While on a car trip with his daughters, he began telling them a story about a warren of rabbits; the girls urged him to put the story to paper. Adams penned the tale over the next two years, consulting R.M. Lockley’s natural history study The Private Life of the Rabbit (1964) to ensure the accurate depiction of his rabbit protagonists, who leave their oppressive warren after it is threatened by a housing development. What emerged was a sui generis work of fiction: unlike much anthropomorphic literature , the animal characters in Watership Down, though able to talk, behave as they would in the wild, fighting, copulating, and defecating. The profits allowed Adams to begin writing full-time in 1974. Shardik (1974) relates the formation of a religion centred on a giant bear; the protagonists are human. The Plague Dogs (1977; film 1982) explores issues of animal rights through the tale of two dogs that escape from a research facility—possibly carrying the bubonic plague . The novels The Girl in a Swing (1980; film 1988) and Maia (1984) drew attention for their graphic depictions of sexuality. Adams took a different approach to anthropomorphism with Traveller (1988), told from the perspective of Robert E. Lee’s horse. He returned to his intrepid lagomorphs with Tales from Watership Down in 1996. Daniel (2006) concerns a former slave who becomes an abolitionist. Britannica Stories


1960s Thamesmead social housing estate in SE London was the main location for the film?

Thamesmead - Hidden London Contact Thamesmead, Greenwich/Bexley Once dubbed the ‘town of the twenty-first century’ Thamesmead is a vast housing estate, with some peripheral industry, situated on former marshland between Woolwich and Erith The River Thames here makes its most northerly excursion within Greater London, so Thamesmead is on the same latitude as Westminster. Its name was the winning entry in a newspaper competition, although it has been suggested that the planners always had that name in mind – and they simply waited for a competition entrant to come up with it too. After the land was vacated by the military, the Greater London Council developed Thamesmead in fits and starts from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s. The area was divided into sectors, of which Thamesmead South was the main housing zone, while Thamesmead East was initially designated for industry and commerce. Thamesmead Central offers the majority of the town’s retail facilities – but these are woefully inadequate for a settlement of such proportions. Thamesmead North was the last of the municipally built zones, while Thamesmead West later saw private development on a major scale. The first buildings used pre-cast concrete but this was subsequently abandoned in favour of more humane materials. As the map below shows, the topography is dominated by a series of lakes and canals that serve to drain surface water – as well as providing good fishing and relieving the starkness of the built environment. After the abolition of the GLC, the estate’s ownership transferred to a trust company and the founders’ wishful vision of a futuristic community has largely been abandoned in favour of traditional British suburban housebuilding. Yarnton Way, Thamesmead South Forecasts of Thamesmead’s final population have halved from the original target of 100,000. Despite a rapid spurt of growth since the turn of the century, even the revised figure looks unlikely to eventuate. Because of its remoteness – and perhaps also its bleak ambience – Thamesmead has not proved a popular place in which to live. This has led to a spiral of decline and part of the district is now perceived as a ‘ sink estate ’. In an effort to address Thamesmead’s problems, the Peabody housing association agreed in May 2013 to work with local authorities and other funders on a 10-year regeneration project that would include the construction of 700 new homes and associated community facilities. The figure was later revised upwards to a remarkable 3,000 homes across two housing zones. In October 2016 Bexley council’s planning committee approved Peabody’s detailed plans for the first 525 homes and outline plans for a thousand more. Also in October 2016 the Mayor of London announced (tentative) plans for an extension of the Docklands Light Railway from Gallions Reach to Thamesmead. Stanley Kubrick used Thamesmead South for location scenes in his 1971 masterpiece A Clockwork Orange: Southmere lake doubles as the ‘Flat Block Marina’, an old tramp is attacked under a walkway by the shopping centre and Alex dumps his fellow droogs into the water beside Binsey Walk. Jonathan Harvey’s ‘urban love story’ Beautiful Thing (play 1993, film 1996) is set in Thamesmead. From 2009 to 2013 Thamesmead’s least glamorous parts were the setting for E4’s award-winning comic drama Misfits. Postal districts and postcode area: SE28, SE2 and Erith, DA18 Population: 31,824 (Bexley’s ward of Thamesmead East and Greenwich’s ward of Thamesmead Moorings, 2011 census – a 42 per cent increase on 2001)


The Battle of Jutland was the only (What?) battle of the 1st World War?

Battle of Jutland | World War I | Britannica.com Battle of Jutland David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty Battle of Jutland, also called Battle of the Skagerrak, (May 31–June 1, 1916), the only major encounter between the British and German fleets in World War I , fought in the Skagerrak , an arm of the North Sea , about 60 miles (97 km) off the coast of Jutland (Denmark). British naval intelligence had alerted admirals John Jellicoe and David Beatty that Admiral Reinhard Scheer had left port with his German High Seas Fleet. Beatty, in command of a scouting force of battle cruisers, spotted a similar German force under Admiral Franz von Hipper and pursued it toward the main German fleet. At about 4 pm both sides opened fire. The British suffered heavy losses and turned back toward Jellicoe’s main British fleet, with the Germans in pursuit. After 6 pm the main fleets encountered each other, and the battle raged again. In the dusk the British had the advantage, and Scheer soon turned away. But when the German fleet turned once more to head for home, it again ran directly into the British fleet, which had maneuvered in such a way that it lay between the German fleet and the German ports. At this second crisis, Scheer ordered his battle cruisers and torpedo boats to charge the British fleet and thereby cover a second retreat of his battleships. Jellicoe, arguably overestimating the danger of torpedo attacks, also turned away, and the battle thus came to an indecisive end. Both sides claimed a victory—Germany because it had destroyed or damaged many more ships, Britain because it retained control of the North Sea. Learn More in these related articles:


Baklava, a food in Turkish/Central-West Asian cuisine, is a type of?

Turkish cuisine - 必应 Sign in Turkish cuisine Turkish cuisine (Turkish: Türk mutfağı) is largely the continuation of Ottoman cuisine, which in turn borrowed many elements from Greek, Central Asian, Caucasian, Sephardi Jewish cuisine, Middle Eastern, and Balkan cuisines. Turkish cuisine has in turn influenced those and other neighbouring cuisines, including those of Central and Western Europe. The Ottomans fused various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from Levantine cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements from Central Asia (such as yogurt and mantı), creating a vast ... (展开) array of specialities—many with strong regional associations. Turkish cuisine and Iranian cuisine on the other hand have heavy mutual influence on each other, due to geographical proximity, ethnic relations (f.e Azerbaijanis, a Turkic people, are the second largest ethnicity in Iran) many common cultural aspects, shared empires, and conquerings by such as the Achaemenids, Sassanians, Seljuks, Safavids, Afsharids, Ottomans and Qajars. Turkish cuisine varies across the country. The cooking of Istanbul, Bursa, Izmir, and rest of the Aegean region inherits many elements of Ottoman court cuisine, with a lighter use of spices, a preference for rice over bulgur, koftes and a wider availability of vegetable stews (türlü), eggplant, stuffed dolmas and fish. The cuisine of the Black Sea Region uses fish extensively, especially the Black Sea anchovy (hamsi) and includes maize dishes. The cuisine of the southeast -Urfa, Gaziantep and Adana- is famous for its variety of kebabs, mezes and dough-based desserts such as baklava, şöbiyet, kadayıf and künefe. Especially in the western parts of Turkey, where olive trees grow abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking. The cuisines of the Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean regions are rich in vegetables, herbs, and fish. Central Anatolia has many famous specialties, such as keşkek, mantı (especially from Kayseri) and gözleme. A specialty's name sometimes includes that of a city or region, either in or outside of Turkey, and may refer to the specific technique or ingredients used in that area. For example, the difference between Urfa kebap and Adana kebap is the thickness of the skewer and the amount of hot pepper that the kebab contains. Urfa kebap is less spicy and thicker than Adana kebap. Breakfast Turks usually prefer a rich breakfast. A typical Turkish breakfast consists of cheese (beyaz peynir, kaşar etc.), butter, olives, eggs, tomatoes, cucumbers, jam, honey, and kaymak. Sucuk (spicy Turkish sausage, can be eaten with eggs), pastırma, börek, simit, poğaça and soups are eaten as a morning meal in Turkey. A common Turkish speciality for breakfast is called menemen, which is prepared with tomatoes, green peppers, onion, olive oil and eggs. Invariably, Turkish tea is served at breakfast. The Turkish word for breakfast, kahvaltı, means "before coffee" (kahve, 'coffee'; altı, 'under'). Homemade food Homemade food is still preferred by Turkish people. Although the newly introduced way of life pushes the new generation to eat out, Turkish people generally prefer to eat at home. A typical meal starts with soup (especially in wintertime), followed by a dish made of vegetables or legumes boiled in a pot (typically with meat or minced meat), often with or before rice or bulgur pilav accompanied by a salad or cacık (diluted cold yogurt dish with garlic, salt, and cucumber slices). In summertime many people prefer to eat a cold dish of vegetables cooked with olive oil (zeytinyağlı yemekler) instead of the soup, either before or after the main course, which can also be a chicken, meat or fish plate. Restaurants Although fast food is gaining popularity and many major foreign fast food chains have opened all over Turkey, Turkish people still rely primarily on the rich and extensive dishes of Turkish cuisine. In addition, some traditional Turkish foods, especially köfte, döner, kokoreç, börek and gözleme, are often served as fast food in Turkey. Eating out has always been common in