Who was the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California?

Earhart flies from Hawaii to California - Jan 11, 1935 - HISTORY.com Earhart flies from Hawaii to California Share this: Earhart flies from Hawaii to California Author Earhart flies from Hawaii to California URL Publisher A+E Networks In the first flight of its kind, American aviator Amelia Earhart departs Wheeler Field in Honolulu, Hawaii, on a solo flight to North America. Hawaiian commercial interests offered a $10,000 award to whoever accomplished the flight first. The next day, after traveling 2,400 miles in 18 hours, she safely landed at Oakland Airport in Oakland, California. On May 21, 1932, exactly five years after American aviator Charles Lindbergh became the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, Earhart became the first woman to repeat the feat when she landed her plane in Londonderry, Ireland. However, unlike Lindbergh when he made his historic flight, Earhart was already well known to the public before her solo transatlantic flight. In 1928, as a member of a three-member crew, she had become the first woman to cross the Atlantic in an aircraft. Although her only function during the crossing was to keep the plane’s log, the event won her national fame, and Americans were enamored with the modest and daring young pilot. For her solo transatlantic crossing in 1932, she was awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross by the U.S. Congress. Two years after her Hawaii to California flight, she attempted with co-pilot Frederick J. Noonan to fly around the world, but her plane was lost on July 2, 1937, somewhere between New Guinea and Howland Island in the South Pacific. Radio operators picked up a signal that she was low on fuel–the last trace the world would ever know of Amelia Earhart. Related Videos


In May 1941, who parachuted into Scotland from Germany claiming to be on a peace mission?

May 10, 1941: Nazi Third in Command Parachutes Into Scotland! - History and Headlines May 10, 1941: Nazi Third in Command Parachutes Into Scotland! 1 Comment A Brief History On May 10, 1941, Deputy Fuehrer Rudolf Hess, third in command of Nazi Germany to Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goring, some of history’s most evil people , parachuted into Scotland in an attempt to get Britain to make peace with Germany. Digging Deeper Nazi Number 3 was a far cry from the mythical Aryan “superman” that the Nazi propaganda machine depicted. Although Hess acquitted himself well in World War I, getting wounded a few times and earning an Iron Cross medal, his family lost their business in Egypt (where Hess was born) and he became a right wing radical and ardent anti-semite. Captivated by Adolf Hitler, Hess quickly became one of Hitler’s enthusiastic supporters and even helped Hitler write Mein Kapmf in prison after the failed Beer Hall Putsch coup attempt. When Hitler and the Nazi’s took power in Germany in 1933, Hess was there to become the third ranking Nazi in the government hierarchy. At the outset of World War II when things were going quite well for Germany, Hess found his influence and power base waning, largely to the benefit of the Number 4 Nazi, Martin Bormann, who was supposed to be Hess’s subordinate. The vegetarian and hypochondriac Hess was obsessed with astrology, clairvoyance, and the occult. He was so obsessively concerned about his meals that Hitler no longer wanted Hess around at mealtime! With France fallen and occupied by Germany, Britain being battered by the Luftwaffe from the sky, and the invasion of the Soviet Union imminent, Hess saw the opportunity (or so he thought) to become a hero by going to Britain and brokering a peace with the British, leaving Germany free to deal with the Russians (Soviets) unhindered by a war in the west. Having trained as a pilot, Hess used his position to get an Me-110 twin engine fighter plane equipped with long range fuel tanks assigned to him. With the intention of meeting with Douglas Douglas-Hamilton (the Duke of Hamilton) to talk peace, Hess was under the impression that this man that Hess had never met or spoken to was an opponent of the war with Germany and had enough influence to broker a peace treaty. Both of those assumptions were cracked, indeed. Flying over Britain and avoiding interception by the RAF, Hess parachuted over Scotland and asked to be taken to the Duke of Hamilton. He was instead taken to the “duke of jail” and was incarcerated until after the war when he was tried with the other Nazi’s for war crimes, earning a life sentence. Hitler was in a rage when he heard of the stunt Hess pulled and Germany labeled Hess mentally unbalanced, kind of odd when you remember his high position in their government! Stalin felt the Hess mission was proof of British duplicity in trying to make peace with Germany and leave the USSR on its own. While in custody Hess suffered ever more imaginary health problems, including amnesia, although he lived to age 91 when he hanged himself in Spandau prison. Although the US and UK were willing to release Hess in his old age, the Soviets insisted he remain jailed, and so he did until his suicide. One more example of the not so super Nazi superman. Historical Evidence


What was the small British militant group responsible for a series of letter bomb attacks between 1970 and 1972, whose targets included banks, embassies and the homes of Conservative MPs?

The Angry Brigade : definition of The Angry Brigade and synonyms of The Angry Brigade (English) 8 External links   History During the summer of 1968 there were a number of demonstrations in London against the American involvement in the Vietnam War, centred on the American Embassy in Grosvenor Square . One of the organisers of these demonstrations was the well known radical left wing LSE student Tariq Ali . He recalls being approached by someone representing the Angry Brigade who wished to bomb the embassy, he told them it was a terrible idea and no bombing took place. [1] The group were strongly influenced by anarchism and the Situationists ,[ citation needed ] and decided to launch a bombing campaign with small bombs to maximise media exposure to their demands while keeping collateral damage to a minimum. The campaign started in August 1970 and was sustained for a year until arrests were made the following summer. [2] Their targets included banks , embassies , the Miss World event in 1970 (or rather a BBC Outside Broadcast vehicle to be used in the corporation's coverage) and the homes of Conservative MPs . In total, 25 bombings were attributed to them by the police. The damage done by the bombings was mostly limited to property damage although one person was slightly injured. [2] Although the group purported to represent "the autonomous working class", [3] when the police arrested nine suspected members of the group, only one, (Jake Prescott, who was arrested in Notting Hill) came from the working class; the other eight, four men and four women (arrested together in Stoke Newington ) were middle class student drop-outs from the universities of Cambridge and Essex. [1]   Aftermath Jake Prescott, a Scottish petty criminal, was arrested and tried in 1971 and given 15 years imprisonment, mostly spent in maximum security jails. Later he said he realised then that he "was the one who was angry and the people [he] met were more like the Slightly Cross Brigade". [4] The other members of the group from North East London, the "Stoke Newington Eight" were prosecuted for carrying out bombings as the Angry Brigade in one of the longest criminal trials of English history (it lasted from 30 May to 6 December 1972). As a result of the trial, John Barker , Jim Greenfield, Hilary Creek and Anna Mendleson received prison sentences of 10 years. A number of other defendants were found not guilty, including Stuart Christie , who had previously been imprisoned in Spain for carrying explosives with the intent to assassinate the dictator Francisco Franco , and Angela Mason who became a director of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights group Stonewall and was awarded an OBE for services to homosexual rights. [5] In March 2009, British family care activist and a best-selling novelist Erin Pizzey reportedly declined to comment on the temporary withdrawal by its publishers of the book Andrew Marr's History of Modern Britain following her complaint it had falsely linked her to The Angry Brigade. [6] [7]   Cultural influence The group is parodied in Doris Lessing 's The Good Terrorist (1985), in which a group of naive, young, communist squatters splits over whether or not to join the IRA . The group and trial feature in Jake Arnott 's 2006 novel Johnny Come Home . Howard Brenton's 1973 play Magnificence , about a group of far-left revolutionaries in a London squat, is partly inspired by the Angry Brigade.   See also


Which American expatriate poet and author was arrested by American soldiers in Italy in May 1945 for treason?

This Day in Military History – 5 MAY – Soldier of Fortune Magazine McDonnell FH-1 Phantom with VF-17A qualifying on USS Saipan (CVL 48) This Day in Military History – 5 MAY May 5, 2016 Comments Off on This Day in Military History – 5 MAY 668 Views 1494 – During his second voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus first sighted Jamaica and commented on the daily rains. Columbus landed on the island of Jamaica, which he names Santa Gloria. 1823 – James Allen Hardie (d.1876), Bvt Major General (Union Army), was born. 1861 – CSA troops abandon Alexandria, VA. 1862 – President Lincoln, with Secretaries Stanton and Chase on board, proceeded to Hampton Roads on steamer Miami to personally direct the stalled Peninsular Campaign. The following day, Lincoln informed Flag Officer L. M. Goldsborough: “I shall be found either at General Wool’s [Fort Monroe] or on board the Miami.” The President directed gunboat operations in the James River and the bombardment of Sewell’s Point by the blockading squadron in the five days he acted as Commander-in-Chief in the field. Battle of Williamsburg 1862 – Battle of Williamsburg commenced as part of the Peninsular Campaign. Confederate Captain Charles Bruce kept his father apprised of conditions during the crucial Peninsula campaign. 1863 – Hooker begins to retreat from the Battle of Chancellorsville 1864 – Atlanta Campaign: 5 days fighting began at Rocky Face Ridge. 1864 – While Rear Admiral Porter’s fleet awaited the opportunity to pass over the Red River rapids, the ships below Alexandria were incessantly attacked by Confederate forces. This date, wooden steamers U.S.S. Covington, Acting Lieutenant George P. Lord, U.S.S. Signal, Acting Lieutenant Edward Morgan, and transport Warner were lost in a fierce engagement on the Red River near Dunn’s Bayou, Louisiana. On 4 May, Covington and Warner had been briefly attacked by infantry, and the next morning the Confederates reappeared with two pieces of artillery and a large company of riflemen. Warner, in the lead, soon went out of control, blocked the river at a bend near Pierce’s Landing, and despite the efforts of Lord and Morgan was forced to surrender. Signal also became disabled and although Covington attempted to tow her upstream, she went adrift out of control and came to anchor. The gunboats continued the hot engagement, but Lord finally burned and abandoned Covington after his ammunition was exhausted and many of the crew were killed. After continuing to sustain the Confederate cannonade alone, the crippled Signal was finally compelled to strike the colors. The Southerners then sank Signal as a channel obstruction. Battle of the Wilderness 1864 – The forces of Union General Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate General Robert E. Lee clash in the Wilderness, beginning an epic campaign. Lee had hoped to meet the Federals, who plunged into the tangled Wilderness west of Chancellorsville, Virginia, the day before, in the dense woods in order to mitigate the nearly two-to-one advantage Grant possessed as the campaign opened. The conflict quickly spread along a two-mile front, as numerous attacks from both sides sent the lines surging back and forth. The fighting was intense and complicated by the fact that the combatants rarely saw each other through the thick undergrowth. Whole brigades were lost in the woods. Muzzle flashes set the forest on fire, and hundreds of wounded men died in the inferno. The battle may have been particularly unsettling for the Union troops, who came across skeletons of Yankee soldiers killed the year before at the Battle of Chancellorsville, their shallow graves opened by spring rains. By nightfall, the Union was still in control of the major crossroads in the Wilderness. The next two days brought more pitched battles without a clear victory for either side. Grant eventually pulled out and moved further south toward Richmond, and for the next six weeks the two great armies maneuvered around the Confederate capital. 1864 – By this point in the US Civil War, the most of the uniformed volunteers (forerunners of t


In June 1952, a nuclear test was held in which US desert?

Operation Tumbler Franklin Evening Star - 16      April 1952 Troops Arrive for Atomic Maneuvers LAS VEGAS, Nev.. April 15 (INS) -Troops poured into Camp Desert Rock, on the edge of the Nevada test site, today in preparation for the atomic maneuvers to be held within the next few days.  First units arrived by plane and truck yesterday and many hundreds more are due today.  Seven thousand troops from three branches of the armed services are to take part in the exercise. It is an extension of the first atomic troop maneuvers conducted at the Nevada test site several months ago.  Its purpose is to indoctrinate the troops in both offensive and defensive atomic warfare and also to further test weapons. To See Blast The blast which is to accompany the exercise is to he observed by members of Congress, governors, other officials and by newsmen representing press, radio and television. The first troops to arrive were members of the 82nd Airborne Division which took part in the      just completed mock atomic exercise Longhorn at Fort flood, Tex. They were flown to the Indian Springs auxiliary air field, 20 miles from Camp Desert Rock.  A convoy of the 31st transportation company arrived from Sixth Army headquarters in San Francisco. Due in today and tomorrow are selected units of the 31st Infantry Division and the 17th Infantry division. Franklin Evening Star - 23      April 1952 Assuming the famous      mushroom formation, the atomic cloud of the first "public" test rises over the desert testing grounds near Las Vegas, Nev.  Rocket measuring devices shoot up on the left of the cloud to test the      radioactivity of the atmosphere.  The bomb was the most powerful      atomic weapon exploded in the United States and was the first ever shown      to the public on television. Franklin Evening Star - 26 May 1952 Daring A-Bomb Maneuvers Set LAS VEGAS, Nev., May 26 - strategists and atomic scientists today turned their attention to plans for the most daring atomic troop maneuvers to date following successful completion of "Operation Jinx." Gen. Harry P. Storks. commander of Camp Desert Rock in Nevada. said troops will pour from foxholes and move tactically toward the target point within seconds after the nuclear device has been exploded in the next test. "Operation Jinx" which received its nickname after being postponed five times, finally was disposed of yesterday morning.  In describing the next test to be conducted, Gen. Storks stated:     "This will mark the first time during the AEC and Department of Defense joint testing program that the troops will leave their foxholes immediately after the detonation." Fifteen hundred army troops comprising the personnel of Camp Desert Rock will participate in the maneuver scheduled for come time this week. It will be the seventh and last experiment in the current series. "Operation Jinx" was completed al dawn yesterday when the Nuclear Device was detonated from     a steel tower on Yucca Flat on t h Nevada proving ground 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. It had been postponed once for mechanical failure and the other times because of poor weather. The explosion, brightest of the series, splashed a blinding light over hundreds of square miles of Nevada desert. Its orange fireball was vividly visible in Las Vegas.  However, unlike some of the earlier explosions, it was not heard in Las Vegas and there was no later     shock. Franklin Evening Star - 31 May 1952 Big Atomic Blast Set For Tomorrow Troops And Tanks Will Participate LAS VEGAS, Nev.. May 31 (INS) -The Atomic Energy Commission and the military worked today on final preparations for what have been announced as "the most realistic atomic land maneuvers yet."  Weather permitting, the test will take place tomorrow morning on the Nevada proving grounds 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. Brig. Gen. Harry P. Storke, commanding general of Camp Desert Rock. near the test site, said ISM troops and five M-6 General Patton tanks would take part in the exercise. To Go Into Area He earlier announ


Norman Rockwell's illustration of which US iconic World War II heroine appeared on the cover of the Saturday Evening Post in May 1943?

Zahn Family Jeopardy Jeopardy Template The brand of underwear Marty McFly wears in Back to the Future 200 What is The Boston Tea Party This took place on Griffin's Wharf in America in 1773. 300 How many of the United States Supreme Court Justices are women? 300 Who is Lord Alfred Tennyson? He wrote the famous 1855 poem The Charge of the Light Brigade 300 What is Pi Math whiz Ferdinand von Lindemann determined this mathematical symbol to be a transcendental number in 1882. 300 Alfred Hitchcock used this to portray blood in the shower scene of Psycho 300 Who is Rosie the Riveter Norman Rockwell's illustration of this US iconic World War II heroine appeared on the cover of the Saturday Evening Post in May 1943 400 What is The Wounded Warrior Project? This charity for veterans has recently been under fire for blowing millions of dollars in donation money on spoils for its staff. 400 This famous 1818 novel had the sub-title 'The Modern Prometheus' 400 What is a conjunction? The part of speech that the word "but" plays in the following sentence: Sam wants to play Xbox, but he hasn't gotten his reading done yet. 400 The date of Harry Potter's birthday 400 Who is Spiro Agnew In October 1973, he resigned as Vice President of the US, and then pleaded no contest to the charges of income tax evasion in a federal court in Baltimore 500 Both Turkish and NATO radars detected a jet from this country violating Turkish airspace 500 He wrote the 1513 guide to leadership (titled in English) The Prince 500 Light reactions, and the Calvin cycle are the two stages of this. 500 The only non Jedi in the original Star Wars trilogy to use a lightsaber 500


In March 1971, who defeated boxer Muhammad Ali at Madison Square Garden?

Fight of the Century: Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier 1 | Newsday     Click here to read or post comments (Credit: AP) Heavyweight champion Joe Frazier, left, has challenged Muhammad Ali, right, on the ropes during the fourth round of their heavyweight title bout, Monday, March 8, 1971, New York. Fight of the Century: Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier 1 Updated June 3, 2016 1:38 PM   Newsday.com Advertise here When Joe Frazier met Muhammad Ali at Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971, the storyline went much deeper than two undefeated heavyweights clashing for the belt. Ali had refused induction in the U.S. Army, was considered radical chic and seemed to embody the culture of the 1960s. Frazier was cast as a champion fighting for the establishment. Frank Sinatra was a ring-side photographer for Life magazine. Barbra Streisand, Sammy Davis Jr., Hugh Hefner, Dustin Hoffman and Diana Ross were ringside. Burt Lancaster was part of the closed circuit broadcast team. All that, and the fight actually lived up to its billing as the "Fight of the Century." After 15 rounds of thrilling toe-to-toe action, Frazier won a unanimous decision. (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS/ Anonymous) Muhammad Ali and his assistant trainer and friend Bundini Brown sing a song in the ring after Ali weighed in at 215 pounds for his bout at Madison Square Garden in New York with heavyweight champion Joe Frazier, March 8, 1971. (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS) Title holder Joe Frazier extends his right army during physical examination in New York on March 8, 1971 before the "Fight of the Century" against Muhammad Ali. (Credit: AP) Heavyweight champion Joe Frazier, left, has challenged Muhammad Ali, right, on the ropes during the fourth round of their heavyweight title bout, Monday, March 8, 1971, New York. ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISE HERE (Credit: AP/ John Lindsay) Muhammad Ali, red trunks, and Joe Frazier, green trunks, are shown during of their bout in New York's Madison Square Garden, March 8, 1971. (Credit: AP/ John Lindsay) Muhammad Ali, red trunks, and Joe Frazier, green trunks, are shown during of their bout in New York's Madison Square Garden, March 8, 1971. (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS) How big was Ali vs. Frazier 1 at Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971? Frank Sinatra was a ringside photographer for Life Magazine at the "Fight of the Century." (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS/ Anonymous) Boxer Muhammad Ali crouches on the canvas after Ali slipped during the 11th round of the "Fight of the Century" against Joe Frazier on March 8, 1971, at Madison Square Garden. (Credit: Getty Images/ AFP) Muhammad Ali gets knocked down by Joe Frazier in the "Fight of the Century" at Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971. ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISE HERE (Credit: AP/ Anonymous) Muhammad Ali takes a left from Joe Frazier during the 15th round of their heavyweight title boxing bout in New York on March 8, 1971. Frazier won a unanimous decision. (Credit: AP) Joe Frazier, left, hits Muhammad Ali during the 15th round of their heavyweight title fight at New York's Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971. (Credit: Getty Images/ AFP) American heavyweight boxing champion Joe Frazier, left, against Muhammad Ali in the "Fight of the Century" at the Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971. (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS/ Anonymous) Joe Frazier lands a left to the jaw of Muhammad Ali during their title bout at New York's Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971. Frazier won on a unanimous decision and retained his heavyweight title. (Credit: Getty Images/ -) Heavyweight boxing champion Joe Frazier kept his title at the end of the "Fight of the Century" against Muhammad Ali at the Madison Square Garden, in New York on March 8, 1971. ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISE HERE (Credit: Getty Images/ AFP) Heavyweight champion Joe Frazier (L) kept his title at the end of the "Fight of the Century" against Muhammad Ali, at the Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971. (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS) Joe Frazier stands over Muhammad Ali in the 15th round of their heavyweight title fight at Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971. (Credit:


What was Thornton Wilder's play performed for the first time ever in 1938 in Princeton, New Jersey?

Our Town | Thornton Wilder Society First produced and published in 1938, this Pulitzer Prize–winning drama of life in the small village of Grover’s Corners has become an American classic and is Thornton Wilder’s most renowned and most frequently performed play. Overview by Ashley Gallagher Plot Summary “No curtain. No scenery.” A minimalist theatrical style sets apart the 1938 recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Thornton Wilder’s Our Town. Wilder’s greatest and best-known work as a playwright, Our Town opens with the Stage Manager’s introduction to Grover’s Corners, a fictional town based on Peterborough, New Hampshire where Wilder often spent his summers. The sparse and symbolic qualities of the set suggest Wilder’s intention to make Grover’s Corners represent all towns.1 The Stage Manager, played by Wilder himself for two weeks in the 1938 Broadway production, breaks the fourth wall by directly addressing the audience. The Stage Manager also assumes control over the onstage action through such unconventional, metatheatrical devices as prompting actors and cueing scene changes. Once the actors have been set in motion by the Stage Manager in Act I, entitled, “Daily Life,” the allegorical world of Grover’s Corners unfolds. The audience is introduced to the Gibbs and Webb families who symbolize “ordinary people who make the human race seem worth preserving and represent the universality of human existence.”2 Wilder explores the families’ inter-relationships, specifically between George Gibbs and Emily Webb. The audience watches George and Emily talk through their second story bedroom windows, represented by ladders: their simple actions complemented by the simple set. Act II, “Love and Marriage,” takes place three years later on George and Emily’s wedding day. After listening to Dr. and Mrs. Gibbs talk about their own wedding day, the Stage Manager transports the audience back to the days of George and Emily’s high school courtship. In this scene, Emily expresses her disdain for George’s conceited behavior. To make amends, George buys Emily an ice cream soda presented in an imaginary glass by Mr. Morgan, played by the Stage Manager. As this glimpse into George and Emily’s past comes to an end, George decides not to go to agriculture school so he can remain in Grover’s Corners, close to Emily. Then, the audience again finds itself at George and Emily’s wedding. The Stage Manager, now playing a minister, focuses the audience’s attention on the tearful and anxious families before George and Emily blissfully run up the aisle, ending Act II. In Act III, Wilder focuses on the end of the life cycle. Nine more years have gone by and Emily has died in childbirth. As the funeral procession crosses the stage, Emily, dressed in white, emerges from behind the mourners’ umbrellas and sits next to the deceased Mrs. Gibbs in the graveyard. Emily begins to question what it means to live and die, and, although warned against it, chooses to relive her twelfth birthday. Deeply saddened by everything she failed to notice while alive, Emily asks the Stage Manager to take her back to her grave but hesitates a moment to say good-by to the world. As Emily accepts her death, George falls at her feet in grief. While watching George, Emily asks Mrs. Gibbs, “They don’t understand, do they?” to which Mrs. Gibbs responds, “No, dear. They don’t understand.”3 As Emily settles in with the dead of Grover’s Corners, the Stage Manager bids the audience a good night. Critical Analysis Thornton Wilder’s 1938 Pulitzer Prize-winning play made its debut at Princeton, New Jersey’s McCarter Theater before ultimately moving to the Henry Miller Theatre in New York City. In the New York Times review, Brooks Atkinson called Our Town “one of the finest achievements of the current stage…a hauntingly beautiful play.”4 Despite the myriad of interpretations of Our Town, most critics agree that the play is a microcosm of the life cycle. As Haberman writes, “[Wilder] is reminding the audience of how precious daily life is, because it determines our true reality…our endu


Who made the 'I Am Prepared to Die' speech at the opening of the Rivonia Trial in April 1964?

“I Am Prepared to Die,” Speech of Nelson Mandela at trial in 1964 | Conference on Ethics and Public Argumentation (CEPA) “I Am Prepared to Die,” Speech of Nelson Mandela at trial in 1964 On December 6, 2013 · 1 Comment Today the world mourns the death of Nelson Mandela, the icon for freedom and justice not only in South Africa but also around the world. There is no doubt that his speeches and statements are recognized exemplars of what we mean by ethical public argument. Perhaps his most eloquent statement on freedom and justice is represented by the opening statement he made in his defense at the Rivonia trial in Pretoria, South Africa, on April 20, 1964. As the speech by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King at the “March on Washington” delivered a year earlier is remember by a single, ringing phrase—“I Have a Dream”—so is the speech by Nelson Mandela remembered for its final phrase: “I Am Prepared to Die.” The white Nationalist Government of the Republic of South Africa had charged Mandela and seven others with sabotage and planning to overthrow the government. The defendants’ conviction led to the 27 years of imprisonment for Mandela and the others on Robben Island off Cape Town. The context for the trial was the formation of the organization, Umkontho we Sizwe (the “Spear of the Nation”), or MK for short, to initiate a campaign of sabotage against the infrastructure maintaining the Nationalist Party’s control of South Africa. Of course, the underlying context was that government’s policy known as Apartheid, begun in 1948 when the extremist white Nationalist party came to power (although official oppression of the African majority goes back to 1912 after the Afrikaners, or Boers, achieved power in the newly created Union of South Africa). The word means “separateness” in Afrikaans and its pronunciation, appropriately, is close to “Apart-hate.” After the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960, Mandela and other leaders of the African National Congress, or ANC, the major nationalist organization for majority democratic rule in South Africa, determined that nonviolence was not working, as the white government met any nonviolent protest or demonstration with violent repression. The speech is lengthy and much of the first two-thirds is characterized by a carefully crafted rebuttal of the prosecution’s case: Mandela was, after all, an attorney. The arguments are noteworthy for their clarity and cogency. A major theme is that the African National Congress, founded in 1912, aims at the creation of a non-racial state, to be based on racial harmony. In addition, the ANC remains committed to non-violence, recalling the policy of the other famous lawyer who fought for justice in South Africa, Mohandas Gandhi. The new organization, MK, was to remain separate from the ANC, although there would be overlap between memberships. The sabotage to be carried out by MK had to avoid causing loss of life—MK members performing operations were forbidden to carry weapons. The objective of MK was to make South Africa less attractive to foreign investors in order to bring economic pressure on the government. Mandela also deals with two specific claims by the government that the conspirators aimed at fomenting guerilla warfare and the ANC and MK were essentially communist movements. Mandela does admit that the leadership of MK discussed the possibility of guerilla war down the road should all other efforts at influencing the current government of South Africa be ineffectual. Regarding the organizations’ cooperation with the Communist Party of South Africa, Mandela maintains that such cooperation was due to the fact that these organizations aimed at the first goal of ending Apartheid and bringing about a democratic government with an empowered African majority. He points out that in the recent World War II, the US and Great Britain allied with and cooperated with the Communist regime of the Soviet Union, yet no one suggested that Churchill and Roosevelt were therefore Communists. This section of the speech leads into the concluding portion, which contains the mos


In October 1973, who resigned as Vice President of the US, and then pleaded no contest to the charges of income tax evasion in a federal court in Baltimore?

Vice President Agnew resigns - Oct 10, 1973 - HISTORY.com Vice President Agnew resigns Publisher A+E Networks Less than a year before Richard M. Nixon’s resignation as president of the United States, Spiro Agnew becomes the first U.S. vice president to resign in disgrace. The same day, he pleaded no contest to a charge of federal income tax evasion in exchange for the dropping of charges of political corruption. He was subsequently fined $10,000, sentenced to three years probation, and disbarred by the Maryland court of appeals. Agnew, a Republican, was elected chief executive of Baltimore County in 1961. In 1967, he became governor of Maryland, an office he held until his nomination as the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1968. During Nixon’s successful campaign, Agnew ran on a tough law-and-order platform, and as vice president he frequently attacked opponents of the Vietnam War and liberals as being disloyal and un-American. Reelected with Nixon in 1972, Agnew resigned on October 10, 1973, after the U.S. Justice Department uncovered widespread evidence of his political corruption, including allegations that his practice of accepting bribes had continued into his tenure as U.S. vice president. He died at the age of 77 on September 17, 1996. Under the process decreed by the 25th Amendment to the Constitution, President Nixon was instructed to the fill vacant office of vice president by nominating a candidate who then had to be approved by both houses of Congress. Nixon’s appointment of Representative Gerald Ford of Michigan was approved by Congress and, on December 6, Ford was sworn in. He became the 38th president of the United States on August 9, 1974, after the escalating Watergate affair caused Nixon to resign. Related Videos


In April 1946, Derby County beat which football team in the first FA Cup final since the end of the war?

The History Of Derby County The History Of Derby County The History Of Derby County PUBLISHED 00:22 19th May 2015 An in-depth look back at the history of the Rams, from 1884 to the present day. Derby County began life in 1884, as an off-shoot of Derbyshire County Cricket Club - formed some 13 years earlier - with football growing more popular. In those days there was no Football League, so the Rams had to make do with a series of friendly matches and the FA Cup. Friendly matches were a way of building the team and the club up and the cup eventually provided some success in 1885, with an impressive victory going a long way to putting the town's football club on the map. In 1888 came the introduction of the Football League, a 12-team competition formed with clubs from across the midlands and the north-west. Preston North End, Aston Villa, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, West Bromwich Albion, Accrington FC, Everton, Burnley, Notts County, Stoke City, and of course, Derby County. Bolton were the first league opponents, a game Derby won 6-3 with doubles for Cooper, Bakewell, and Lawrence Plackett, but the Rams would ultimately finish tenth in the debut campaign. The following season saw improvement on the field - the County Ground, Derby's first home - as the club finished seventh. In 1889/90 Derby made their most significant signing thus far with the capture of England international John Goodall, a star of the Preston side that had won the double in league football's first season. 1890 to 1900 A clash with a race meeting meant that March 19 1892 went down in history as the day Derby County graced the Baseball Ground for the first time. They lost that game 1-0 to Sunderland and would eventually move to the BBG for the start of the 1895/96 season with race meeting clashes becoming more frequent. The 1890s was the decade that saw football's first superstar come to prominence. Steve Bloomer made his Derby debut, at the age of 18, on the opening day of 1892/93, and at the end of September he scored from the penalty spot in a draw with West Bromwich Albion. It was the first of 332 goals over a long and distinguished Rams career for the front-man, a tally that still stands today as the club's all-time highest. Bloomer was the leading scorer in 1893/94, the first of 13 consecutive seasons he led the chart. The Rams narrowly avoided relegation to the newly-formed Division Two in 1894/95 by beating Notts County in a Test match - these were the early equivalent to play-offs, though the format differed slightly to today's in that the bottom three from the First Division would take on the top three from the second tier. If you won, you were up, and if you lost you were down. 1895/96 was the most successful season so far of Derby's fledgling life. They finished second for the first time, four points behind Aston Villa, and also reached the semi-final of the FA Cup where they lost 2-1 to Wolves. Third spot and another semi-final defeat followed the next year, before in 1898 came the first of two successive FA Cup finals. Bloomer was on target in the Crystal Palace clash, but Derby went down 3-1 to Nottingham Forest. Twelve months later they were back at the Palace again but were beaten again, this time 4-1 by Sheffield United. 1900 to 1910 The turn of the century saw Derby maintain their position in the upper reaches of Division One while Bloomer was continuing to see off all who came up against him. He scored his 200th goal in November 1901, a figure only one other Derby player - Kevin Hector - has passed. Derby were back at Crystal Palace for another FA Cup final in 1903, but with Bloomer out injured and a goalkeeper also struggling, it wasn't to be. Bury's 6-0 success still stands today as the highest winning margin in an FA Cup final. And midway through the 1905/06 season came news that rocked Derby - Bloomer had been sold to Middlesbrough, and the following year his loss was felt as the club suffered relegation for the first time. Jimmy Methven was appointed manager in August 1906 and played the last of h


What became the name of the crime in which eleven thieves stole more than $2 million in a heist in Boston, Massachusetts, in January 1950?

The Great Brinks Robbery - 1950 Crime Magazine by Michael Thomas Barry On January 17, 1950, a team of eleven thieves, in a precisely timed and choreographed strike, steals more than $2 million from the Brinks Armored Car depot in Boston, Massachusetts. The Great Brinks Robbery, as it quickly became known, was the almost perfect crime. Ironically, only days before the statute of limitations were set to expire on the crime, the culprits were finally caught. Tony Pino, a lifelong criminal, was the mastermind behind the audacious theft. Together with Joe McGinnis, he assembled a group that meticulously planned the heist. They staked out the depot for a year and a half to figure out when it was holding the most money. Then, the gang stole the plans for the depot's alarm system and returned them before anyone noticed that they were missing. The criminal team held repeated rehearsals, with each man wearing blue coats and Halloween masks. On January 17th, they finally put their plan into action. Inside the counting room, the gang surprised the guards and tied up the employees. Multiple canvas bags, weighing more than half a ton, were filled with cash, coins, checks, and money orders. Within 30 minutes, the Brinks robbery team was gone, taking $2.7 million with them. Following the heist, the gang met and split the proceeds and all agreed to stay out of trouble for six years. They almost made it. However, one of the men, Specs O'Keefe, left his share with another member because he had to serve a prison sentence for another crime. O'Keefe, worried that he would be cheated out of his money, and indicated that he might begin to talk about the heist. The others decided to send a hit man to kill O'Keefe but he was only wounded, and the assassin was caught. O'Keefe made a deal with police and testified against the others. Eight participants in the Great Brinks Robbery were caught and convicted. However, only a small part of the money was ever recovered.  Visit Michael Thomas Barry’s official author website – www.michaelthomasbarry.com and order his true crime book, Murder and Mayhem 52 Crimes that Shocked Early California 1849-1949, from Amazon or Barnes and Noble through the following links:


Who did Marilyn Monroe marry in January 1954?

Marilyn Monroe marries Joe DiMaggio - Jan 14, 1954 - HISTORY.com Marilyn Monroe marries Joe DiMaggio Share this: Marilyn Monroe marries Joe DiMaggio Author Marilyn Monroe marries Joe DiMaggio URL Publisher A+E Networks It was the ultimate All-American romance: the tall, handsome hero of the country’s national pastime captures the heart of the beautiful, glamorous Hollywood star. But the brief, volatile marriage of Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio–the couple wed on this day in 1954–barely got past the honeymoon before cracks began to show in its brilliant veneer. In 1952, the New York Yankees slugger DiMaggio asked an acquaintance to arrange a dinner date with Monroe, a buxom blonde model-turned-actress whose star was on the rise after supporting roles in films such as Monkey Business (1952) and a leading role in the B-movie thriller Don’t Bother to Knock (1952). The press immediately picked up on the relationship and began to cover it exhaustively, though Monroe and DiMaggio preferred to keep a low profile, spending evenings at home or in a back corner of DiMaggio’s restaurant. On January 14, 1954, they were married at San Francisco City Hall, where they were mobbed by reporters and fans. Monroe had apparently mentioned the wedding plans to someone at her film studio, who leaked it to the press. While Monroe and DiMaggio were on their honeymoon in Japan, Monroe was asked to travel to Korea and perform for the American soldiers stationed there. She complied, leaving her unhappy new husband in Japan. After they returned to the United States, tension continued to build, particularly around DiMaggio’s discomfort with his wife’s sexy image. One memorable blow-up occurred in September 1954, on the New York City set of the director Billy Wilder’s The Seven Year Itch. As Monroe filmed the now-famous scene in which she stands over a subway grate with the air blowing up her skirt, a crowd of onlookers and press gathered; Wilder himself had reportedly arranged the media attention. As her skirt blew up again and again, the crowd cheered uproariously, and DiMaggio, who was on set, became irate. DiMaggio and Monroe were divorced in October 1954, just 274 days after they were married. In her filing, Monroe accused her husband of “mental cruelty.” She married the playwright Arthur Miller in 1956, but their marriage also ended in divorce in January 1961, leaving Monroe in a state of emotional fragility. In February 1961, she was admitted to a psychiatric clinic; it was DiMaggio who secured her release, and took her to the Yankees’ Florida spring training camp for rest and relaxation. Though rumors swirled about their remarriage, they maintained their “good friends” status. When the 36-year-old Monroe died of a drug overdose on August 5, 1962, DiMaggio arranged the funeral. For the next two decades, until his own death in 1999, he sent roses several times a week to her grave in Los Angeles. Related Videos


In October 1960, Dr Michael Woodruff carried out the first successful transplant of what at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary in the UK?

EdRen - Edinburgh Royal Infirmary Renal Unit - History of Kidney Transplantation History of Kidney Transplantation Edren is now Mobile-friendly ... more Glasgow Bridges walk Sun 9th Oct ... more Got PKD? New treatment becoming available ... more 50th islet cell transplant ... more IV saline 1832-2013 ... more   Immunosuppression There has been a long history of the dream of replacing defective organs with healthy ones (Craps L,1993). In 1933, the first recorded human cadaveric transplant took place in Russia. The first human kidney transplant from an allograft took place in 1936, by U Voronoy (Starzl TE, 1990). Like all early transplants undertaken before the organ rejection was understood, it failed. In 1954, the first successful kidney transplant between identical twins was performed by the surgeons Joseph.E. Murray and J.Hartwell Harrison in collaboration with the nephrologist J.P. Merrill in the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, USA (Starzl TE, 1990). The development of the first useful immunosuppressive drugs permitted the first successful graft from a cadaver to be undertaken in 1962 , opening the door to modern transplantation (Haeger K, 1989; Murray 1992).   The first kidney transplant in Edinburgh: twins   The first successful kidney transplant in UK was performed in Edinburgh by Sir Michael Woodruff and his team on 30th October, 1960. This was a milestone in history of transplantation and the history of the RIE. On 15th September, 1960, Dr R.F. Robertson referred a 49-year old man suffering from gross impairment of renal function from the Leith Hospital to the RIE. The impairment was suspected to be due to chronic pyelonephritis or chronic glomerulonephritis. The kidney was too small for renal biopsy to be safely performed without ultrasound guidance which was not available in those days. The prognosis for either condition with conventional treatment was poor. It so happened that the patient had a twin brother, who was healthy, and was willing to donate one of his kidneys. The operations were performed on 30th October, 1960 by Sir Michael Woodruff (on the patient) and Mr James A Ross (on the donor). "I assisted James Ross, who performed the operation on the donor, and I carried the kidney across to Sir Michael, and then I assisted him. I was a senior registrar at the time." (Mr B Nolan) Following these successful operations, the donor resumed work 3 weeks after the operation; the patient returned to work after 15 weeks (Woodruff et al, 1961). They both lived for a further 6 years before dying from an unrelated disease.   From the Scotsman , 1st November, 1960 with permission Sir Michael Woodruff in 1946 "The Daily Express reporter bribed the aunts of the twins into saying that he was their nephew, and I was the one who let him visit the twins, thinking that he was family! The following day, photos taken in the patient's room appeared in the newspaper, and the boss was not very pleased!" (Dr A Lambie)   The second kidney transplant: siblings The second kidney transplant in Edinburgh was carried out between a brother and sister in 1961. The only known way of preventing immunological rejection at the time was total body irradiation. It was discovered in 1956 that if the body was exposed to a large dose of X-radiation, immunological reaction could be reduced (Nolan B, 1985). Therefore in the early days all transplant patients had total body irradiation before the transplant operation. Although the adverse effects of irradiation are known, patients with end-stage renal failure would die very soon without a transplant, so the risks of irradiation and transplantation were considered justifiable for this purpose (Nolan B, 1985). As there was not a Department of Radiotherapy at the RIE, patients had to be transferred to the WGH for irradiation and transferred back to the RIE for the transplant operation. As the patient was very susceptible to infection after total body irradiation, the ambulance also had to be disinfected and "scrubbed out". "The only 2 people who were not carrying Staphylococcus aureus on their sk


In 1974, what was the title of Stephen King's first published novel?

Carrie | Stephen King Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia "Jesus watches from the wall, But His face is cold as stone, And if He loves me As she tells me Why do I feel so all alone?" - Words of Carrie White (describing both the crucified Jesus statuette and her loneliness in her poem/journal. (Carrie 1974) Carrie "Crash in her head with a rock, with a boulder. Crash in all their heads. Good. Good." - Carrie White fantasizing about getting revenge against the girls in the locker room. (Carrie 1974) Carrie is an American epistolary novel and author Stephen King's first published novel, released on April 5, 1974, with an approximate first print-run of 30,000 copies.[1] Set in the then-future year of 1979, it revolves around the eponymous Carrietta N. "Carrie" White, a misfit and bullied high school girl who uses her newly discovered telekinetic powers to exact revenge on those who torment her, while in the process causing one of the worst local disasters in American history. King has commented that he finds the work to be "raw" and "with a surprising power to hurt and horrify." It is one of the most frequently banned books in United States schools.[2] Much of the book is written in an epistolary structure, using newspaper clippings, magazine articles, letters, and excerpts from books to tell how Carrie destroyed the fictional town of Chamberlain, Maine while exacting revenge on her sadistic classmates. Several adaptations of Carrie have been released, including a 1976 feature film, a 1988 Broadway musical, a 1999 feature film sequel, a 2002 television movie, and a 2013 feature film remake. The book is dedicated to King's wife Tabitha: "This is for Tabby, who got me into it – and then bailed me out of it." Contents [ show ] Telekinesis (Psychokinesis) Carrie, was mysteriously born with extraordinarily strong and advanced telekinesis. Which gave her the psionic ability to move, manipulate, throw, and control things (a multitude of objects or people all at once) with her mind whenever she concentrated hard enough. Carrie refers to her telekinesis as "flexing". At first this seemed like a rare and special gift, a miracle in Carrie's eyes that she strictly kept to herself, not telling a soul. Despite Carrie's effort to keep it a secret, she subconsciously had one or two outbursts infront of few people who witnessed this phenomenon but chose to be in denial or simply ignore choosing to believe it simply didn't happen. Carrie thought her telekinesis was a blessing, but, in the end, it all turned into a curse as Carrie did not know how to control her powers inside. And Carrie finally let it take over her mind, body and spirit, which lead not only to her eventual demise but sadly many others also. In the book, Carrie was also telepathic and could sometimes read people's thoughts when they were near her, but had only been utilized once. Such as Ms. Desjardins, her Physical Education teacher, which were a mixed feeling of sympathy and disgust in all of her lying compassion. She also had the telepathic ability to let other people read her thoughts, specifically after the prank on the night of her prom, which people later said were of hatred, venom, and vengeance. Months after the incident and town tragedy occurred, one witness stated that, when he saw Carrie White on the street, he could read her thoughts rather clearly. The thoughts of which consumed her thinking she would never get the pig's blood off of her dress, and that she was going to pour blood on the town of Chamberlain Maine and make everyone pay. It is hinted that Carrie's deceased father was telekinetic in his own life, but never knew it or tapped into the full strength and potential his own telekinetic, telepathic abilities. It is arguably possible, he might have known he was telekinetic, if so, he kept it to himself like Carrie would. Despite her eventually turning into a homicidal, sadistic and destructive force to be reckoned with, Carrie was not a monster in the beginning. Throughout her story in both the book and the movie, Carrie was a loner, shown as a shy and timid you


Who founded Tamla Motown Records in January 1959?

Motown Records | Detroit Historical Society Term Motown Records With an $800 loan from his family, Berry Gordy, Jr. founded Tamla Records on January 12, 1959.  Gordy’s first successful act was signed as The Matadors, but their name was quickly changed to The Miracles.  Also in 1959, Gordy purchased the property on Detroit’s famed Grand Blvd. that would eventually become known as Hitsville USA.  A photography studio near the back of one of the buildings on the property was converted to a recording studio, while administrative offices were set up in other buildings.  In 1960, Gordy officially incorporated Motown Records as a sister label to Tamla, housing both under the Motown Record Corporation name. The music labels enjoyed quick success, scoring its first #1 R & B hit – “Shop Around” by The Miracles – in 1960.  “Shop Around” was also Motown’s first record that sold more than one million copies.From 1961 to 1971, Motown Record Corporation enjoyed 110 Top Ten hits, from artists that included Stevie Wonder, The Supremes, The Marvelettes, Marvin Gaye, and The Four Tops.  Martha Reeves and the Vandellas and The Temptations were signed by a third label, which Gordy names after himself. The company specialized in a type of soul music that came to be known as “The Motown Sound” and it had enormous success in “crossing over” to white audiences.  Many Motown acts were popular in both the African American and Caucasian communities, with acts travelling the world to entertain enthusiastic fans. Motown Records also developed an “artist development” program that helped talented but inexperienced young singers develop presentation styles that would endear them to audiences – particularly white audiences.  Motown artists, many under the tutelage of Maxine Powell, learned to walk, talk, think and act like royalty. Motown had established offices in both Los Angeles and New York during the 1960s and in 1972 the company officially moved its headquarters to Los Angeles.  In June 1988, Berry Gordy, Jr. sold his stake in Motown Records for $61 million to Music Corporation of America (MCA).


In Britain, the Education Act of March 1944 provided free what in schools to all children in the UK under the age of 18?

Education in England - Timeline Education in England: Chapter 13 2010-2015 Gove v The Blob this is a draft of a chapter which will form part of the revised version currently in preparation BA Hons Editorial Services Gillian Rathbone copy-edits Education in England: a brief history. If you're writing an essay, article, dissertation or thesis and would like to consider using her services, send her an email. Education in England: a brief history Derek Gillard ï¿½ copyright Derek Gillard 2011 Education in England: a brief history is my copyright. You are welcome to download it and print it for your own personal use, or for use in a school or other educational establishment, provided my name as the author is attached. But you may not publish it, upload it onto any other website, or sell it, without my permission. Citations You are welcome to cite this piece. If you do so, please acknowledge it thus: Gillard D (2011) Education in England: a brief history www.educationengland.org.uk/history In accordance with the conventions set out by the Society of Authors and the Publishers Association, you should seek my permission to reproduce any extract of more than 400 words; a series of extracts totalling more than 800 words, of which any one extract has more than 300 words; and an extract or series of extracts constituting a quarter or more of the original work. For shorter extracts you do not need my permission, provided the source is acknowledged as shown above. ï¿½ Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. Timeline education acts, white papers, reports and other key events Notes Prime Ministers (from 1801 onwards) are listed in red Ministers of Education (1945-1964) and Secretaries of State for Education (since 1964) are listed in blue HM Chief Inspectors (HMCI)/Heads of Ofsted (from 1994 onwards) are listed in green Where a number of items are shown in a single year I can't guarantee that I have listed them in the correct chronological order within that year, although I have tried to do so. Where a document is shown as a link, the full text is available online. 600-1800 Beginnings 597 St Augustine arrived in England. 598 First grammar school established at Canterbury. 600s More grammar schools established at Dorchester, Winchester, Hexham, Malmesbury, Lichfield, Hereford and Worcester. 700s Venerable Bede: Ecclesiastical History. 776 Alcuin established school at York. 866 Viking invasions began. 871 Alfred became king of Wessex and showed 'concern for education'. 925 Dunstan born. 1016 Canute became king of England: concerned about the education of poor boys. 1066 Norman invasion: French replaced English as vernacular medium for teaching Latin. 1096 Oxford: evidence of teaching. 1209 Cambridge: scholars arrived from Oxford. 1214 Oxford: post of Chancellor established. 1226 Cambridge: post of Chancellor established. 1249 Oxford: University College established, followed by Balliol 1260, Merton 1264. 1384 Grammar school opened at Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire: first chantry school. 1382 Winchester founded: independent school. 1440 Eton founded: independent school. 1486 Renaissance: Pico della Mirandola's De hominis dignitate. 1509 Henry VIII became king. 1515 Roger Ascham born (d. 1568): called for greater care and respect for education. 1517 Reformation: Luther's protest. 1535 Tyndale's English Bible placed in churches. 1540 Dissolution of the monasteries. 1541 Canterbury grammar school refounded. 1562 Elizabethan Statute of Artificers. 1632 Comenius: Didactica magna championed universal education. 1642 Samuel Hartlib: A Reformation of Schooles. 1693 Locke: Some Thoughts concerning Education. 1660 Restoration of the monarchy: Oxford and Cambridge discriminate against Nonconformists. 1670 Dissenting Academies: established to teach law, medicine, commerce, engineering and the arts. 1700 Charity Schools for the poor. 1760s Thomas Braidwood's Academy for the Deaf and Dumb opened in Edinburgh. 1775 Industrial Revolution began to create demand for mass e


In March 1951, which comic strip by Hank Ketcham appeared in newspapers accross the US for the first time?

Hank Ketcham - Biography - IMDb Hank Ketcham Jump to: Overview  (3) | Mini Bio  (2) | Spouse  (3) | Trivia  (9) | Personal Quotes  (2) Overview (3) Henry King Ketcham Mini Bio (2) Hank Ketcham was born on March 14, 1920, in Seattle; he wanted to be a cartoonist since age 6. In 1938, Hank left college after his freshman year. He went to California to work as an animator, first for Walter Lantz, creator of Woody Woodpecker. Later Hank worked for Walt Disney, where he helped draw "Bambi" and Donald Duck shorts. During World War II, Hank joined the Navy, and kept drawing-- but now for training material and posters. After the war, Hank was a freelance cartoonist and drew magazines, including The Saturday Evening Post. But his dream of having his own comic strip still eluded him. Hank was living in Carmel, in October 1950, when his wife Alice, worn out by their misbehaving kid, snapped at Hank one day: "Your son is a menace!" History was about to be made. The mischievous adventures of his 4-year-old son Dennis gave Hank fodder to create the famous comic strip, which made its debut on March 12, 1951, in 16 newspapers, and was an instant hit. Hank named Mr. Wilson after a teacher he'd known, and Dennis' friend Gina was named after Gina Lollobrigida . Hank was doing the strip daily, but eventually the work load was too heavy for one person, and Hank built up a staff with comedy writers. His work led to the live action "Dennis the Menace" (1959) TV series, which ran on CBS from 1959 to 1963, and is fondly remembered by baby boomers everywhere. The entire country loved it, and Hank recalled: "I set the whole thing in Wichita, Kansas, and as a result I got made an honorary mayor of Wichita." The newspaper funnies gave rise to collected works of his strips, 50 million "Dennis the Menace" books have been sold. In real life, Hank remarried, then his 2nd marriage ended in divorce. He married a 3rd time, to Rolande, and they had 2 wonderful children, Scott and Dania. The comic strip continued to have tremendous success. Hank stopped drawing the Sunday funnies in the mid-1980s. There was a "Dennis" musical, and a 1993 movie. Hank retired from drawing the weekday sketches in 1994, leaving the work to assistants, but he was still overseeing it. March 2001 marked the 50th anniversary of "Dennis the Menace," now running in 1,000 newspapers. Hank died on June 1, 2001, at his home in Pebble Beach; he was 81. In an interview, Hank had shared his thoughts on his creation: "There's some little bright spot in your day that reminds you that it's fun to smile." - IMDb Mini Biography By: Anonymous Hank Ketcham took inspiration from the antics of his then-4-year-old son and created and launched one of the most successful comic strips in syndication. The year was 1951 and, before Ketcham's death in 2001, Dennis the Menace had become a familiar panel in the funny papers in at least 1,000 newspapers in 48 countries and in 19 languages. From early on Ketcham assembled a team of writers and artists to produce the strip, and only in 1994 did he retire altogether from it, turning over the helm to his team. Henry King Ketcham grew up in Seattle and claims that he was no more than 6 years old when he discovered that he wanted to be a cartoonist. He had watched a family friend sketch Barney Google and other then-popular cartoon figures and "couldn't wait to borrow his 'magic pencil' and try" creating his own magic sketching cartoon characters. Eventually, his success in drawing was the impetus for dropping out of the University of Washington while a freshman in 1938 and trying his hand in Hollywood where he contributed as an animator to Walter Lantz' work and then that other Walter (a.k.a Walt) at Disney's studios. Ketcham worked on "Pinocchio," "Bambi," "Fantasia" and Donald Duck shorts. During World War II, he worked for the Navy drawing cartoons for Navy posters, training material and the war bond market. He settled in Carmel, California, after the war working at home as a free-lance cartoonist. One day in 1950 his studio door flew open and his first wife Ali


The Treaty of where established the European Economic Community in March 1957?

The Treaty of Rome (1957) - The history of the European Union and European Citizenship The Treaties of Rome    (1957) The signing of the       Treaties of Rome On 25th March    1957, two treaties were signed in Rome that gave birth to the    European Economic Community (EEC) and to European Atomic Energy Community    (Euratom) : the Treaties of    Rome. The signatories of the historic agreement were    Christian Pineau on behalf of France, Joseph Luns from the Netherlands, Paul    Henri Spaak from Belgium, Joseph    Bech   from Luxemburg, Antonio Segni from Italy and Konrad    Adenauer from the Federal Republic of Germany. The Treaties were ratified    by National Parliaments over the following    months and came into force on 1st January 1958. The Treaty establishing the EEC affirmed in its    preamble that signatory States were  "determined to lay the    foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe". In    this way, the member States specifically affirmed the political objective of a progressive    political integration.  In fact, the brand new institution was a customs union.    As a consequence, the EEC was    colloquially known as "Common Market". The member countries agreed to    dismantle all tariff barriers over a 12-year transitional period. In view    of the    economic success that freer commercial exchanges brought about, the transitory term    was shortened and in July 1968 all tariffs among the EEC States were    abrogated. At the    same time, a common tariff was established for all products    coming from third countries.  As a matter of fact, the common    market meant exclusively free circulation of goods. Free movement of persons, capitals and services    continued to be subject to numerous limitations. It was necessary to wait until the Single    European Act , in 1987, when    a definitive boost was given to establish a genuine unified market.    This brought about the European Union Treaty in 1992. The other essential agreement    included in the Treaty of  Rome    was the adoption of a Common    agricultural policy (CAP) .    Essentially, the CAP enacted a free market of agricultural products inside the EEC and    established protectionist    policies that guaranteed sufficient revenues to European farmers, avoiding    competition from third countries'    products by guaranteeing agricultural    prices. With the aim of financing the CAP, the European    Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF) was established in 1962. The CAP has    continued absorbing most of the community budget, and its reform has been    one of the most badly needed in recent years. The Treaty    of Rome also established the prohibition of monopolies, some transport common    policies, and the grant of some commercial    privileges to the colonial territories of the member States. The Treaty    of Rome signified the triumph of a very realistic and gradualist approach to    building the EU. This method was personified by Jean    Monnet . The failure of the CED demonstrated that tremendous obstacles    lay in the path of the final construction of a political    union. Consequently, the new strategy sought to adopt a process of    integration that gradually incorporated diverse economic sectors and that    established supranational institutions with increasingly political    competences.. The EEC from its birth was based on a series of institutions: the European    Commission ,    the European    Commission ,    the European Assembly, later known as European    Parliament , the Court    of Justice and the Economic    and Social Committee , whose competences were enlarged and modified in the diverse agreements and treaties that    succeeded the Treaty of Rome.  To sum up, a process put in motion    in which progressive economic integration was paving the way to the long    term objecti


What was the name of the Coca-Cola Company's first diet drink, launched in 1963?

Origins of the TaB Soft Drink Name : snopes.com - - Claim:   Coca-Cola's original diet cola drink, TaB, took its name from an acronym for "totally artificial beverage." FALSE Origins:   Diet soft drinks are another household product so ubiquitous that few of us recall a time when they were not a firmly-established item of consumer culture. Nonetheless, they're older than most of us probably think, having originated in the 1950s, an era in which Americans were noted far more for enjoying the affluence and prosperity of post-war life than for being particularly health-conscious. Royal Crown Cola (formerly Nehi) takes credit for the invention of the first diet soft drink with its development of in 1958, but back then, when diet sodas comprised less than 1% of soft drink sales, Diet-Rite was marketed only on a limited basis as a special dietary product. As the 1950s waned into the 1960s, however, "the bulging waistline and middle-age spread" took on "the proportion of a national disaster," consumers (particularly women) became more calorie-conscious, and a prominent survey indicated that 28% of the population was watching its weight. When Royal Crown began to promote Diet-Rite Cola nationally as a soft drink (rather than as a dietary product) in 1961, the race was on. Major soft drink companies had initially eschewed diet sodas for fear of injuring their existing business in sugary drinks, but by the early 1960s the diet drink market had grown sufficiently large that they could no longer ignore it. In 1962, Coca-Cola launched a crash program code-named "Project Alpha" to develop a competing diet cola and bring it to market in less than a year. The goal was to produce a low-calorie cola drink using saccharin and cyclamates instead of sugar while avoiding the typically unpleasant aftertaste that plagued other diet sodas. Coca-Cola met its goal with the introduction of TaB in May 1963, a diet cola advertised with the slogan "How can one calorie taste so good?" and notable for its stylized logo, the unusual capitalization of its name ("TaB" rather than "Tab" or "TAB"), and its distinctively textured bottled. (TaB was not technically a Coca-Cola product: it was marketed through Coca-Cola's subsidiary Fanta Beverage Company.) But why "TaB"? The name doesn't conjure up images of something delicious and refreshing to drink (one couldn't even guess from the name that this product was something to drink), nor does it suggest something that would appeal to health-conscious, calorie-counting consumers. If anything, what the word "tab" was likely to bring to the minds of American audiences in the early 1960s was a key on a typewriter, or possibly actor . Given the seeming lack of relevance of the name, and the fact that TaB was a cola drink developed from scratch in a matter of months (rather than one based on a formula that had evolved over many decades, as Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola were), one might find plausible the claim that "TaB" (capitalization notwithstanding) was an acronym for "totally artificial beverage." As usual, though, the real story is rather more mundane. When TaB was introduced, Coca-Cola was not about to dilute the tremendous value of its brand name by identifying as "Coke" something that was distinctively not Coca-Cola, so suggestions that the new drink be called Diet Coke were dismissed as "heresy" by Coca-Cola Austin. (An ad man at McCann-Erickson, Coca-Cola's advertising agency, supposedly quipped that "If God had wanted Coca-Cola to have saccharin in it, He would have made it that way in the first place.") Agreeing that the name of their new diet soda should be short and easy to remember, Coca-Cola had their IBM 1401 mainframe programmed to spit out a list of about 2300,000 names using four-letter combinations. After winnowing out names considered unsuitable for one reason or another (such as unpronounceability or similarity to existing product names or trademarks), Coca-Cola narrowed down the list to about 600 choices; further refinement produced a set of about two dozen prospective names which were p


In a Los Angeles court, in March 1969, who admitted killing presidential candidate Robert Kennedy?

Robert F. Kennedy shot - Jun 05, 1968 - HISTORY.com Robert F. Kennedy shot Publisher A+E Networks At 12:50 a.m. PDT, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, a presidential candidate, is shot three times in a hail of gunfire in the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Five others were wounded. The senator had just completed a speech celebrating his victory in the California presidential primary. The shooter, Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan, had a smoking .22 revolver wrested from his grip and was promptly arrested. Kennedy, critically wounded, was rushed to the hospital, where he fought for his life for the next 24 hours. On the morning of June 6, he died. He was 42 years old. On June 8, Kennedy was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, also the final resting place of his assassinated older brother, President John F. Kennedy. Robert Kennedy, born in Brookline, Massachusetts, in 1925, interrupted his studies at Harvard University to serve in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He was legal counsel for various Senate subcommittees during the 1950s and in 1960 served as the manager of his brother’s successful presidential campaign. Appointed attorney general by President Kennedy, he proved a vigorous member of the cabinet, zealously prosecuting cases relating to civil rights while closely advising the president on domestic and foreign issues. After Kennedy’s assassination in 1963, he joined President Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration but resigned in 1964 to run successfully in New York for a Senate seat. Known in Congress as an advocate of social reform and defender of the rights of minorities, he also voiced criticism of the war in Vietnam. In 1968, he was urged by many of his supporters to run for president as an anti-war and socially progressive Democratic. Hesitant until he saw positive primary returns for fellow anti-war candidate Eugene McCarthy, he announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination on March 16, 1968. Fifteen days later, President Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection, and Vice President Hubert Humphrey became the key Democratic hopeful, with McCarthy and Kennedy trailing closely behind. Kennedy conducted an energetic campaign and on June 4, 1968, won a major victory in the California primary. He had won five out of six primaries and seemed a shoo-in for the Democratic nomination and, some thought, the presidency. Shortly after midnight, he gave a victory speech to his supporters in the Ambassador Hotel and then, while making his way to a press conference by a side exit, was fatally wounded by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. Sirhan was arrested at the scene and indicted for first-degree murder. A mentally unstable drifter, his motives in killing Kennedy have never been clear. Some journalists have alleged that Sirhan was part of a larger assassination conspiracy, supposedly brought on by Kennedy’s promise to end the Vietnam War if elected president. These conspiracists cite forensic evidence and witness testimony that they say proves the existence of additional shooters who were not detained. In 1969, Sirhan Sirhan was convicted and sentenced to die. In 1972, his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment when the California Supreme Court abolished the death penalty. Since 1983, he has repeatedly been denied parole by prison officials who consider him a serious threat to public safety. More on This Topic


Published in August 1953, what is the name of the Report on 'Sexual Behaviour in the Human Female'?

American Experience | Kinsey | Kinsey in the News | PBS Kinsey in the News    Sexual Behavior in the Human Male | Sexual Behavior in the Human Female Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953) In the five years between the releases of Kinsey's two reports, America completed its evolution from postwar victor to Cold War combatant. With the spectre of nuclear destruction hovering over the world, individuals like Senator Joseph McCarthy parlayed fears of Communism into political power and personal attacks on those in the opposition, who were smeared as un-American. A middle-class ideal of security and family life emerged in this domestic revival . At a time when American society seemed under attack, Kinsey's report on women was received like another torch on the bonfire. Although some welcomed the report as a necessary tool for education and understanding, outrage crested over the report's implications for American womanhood. A congressional committee launched an investigation into Kinsey's and his funders' possible connections to the Communist Party, and the Indiana professor soon lost his research funding. Time, August 17, 1953 Kinsey for Lutherans With Dr. Alfred Kinsey's new book Sexual Behavior in the Human Female almost ready for publication, Missouri Synod Lutherans are preparing a kind of Kinsey report of their own. In 1950 the church's Triennial Convention appropriated $25,000 for a 25-man research team to investigate Biblical references and Christian teaching on marriage and family life and what Lutherans think and do about it... Among the preliminary findings: Only 16% of young Lutheran bachelors (age 16-20) admit to sexual intercourse (whereas Kinsey found that, among non-churchgoing Protestants in the same age bracket, 90% of grade-school-level males, 80% at high-school-level and 45% at college level had premarital intercourse)... 64% of married Lutherans, but only 36% of the clergy, approve the use of contraceptive devices... There was disagreement between laymen and clergy on what causes family dissension. Said the laity: finances, in-laws and disputes over child-training. Said the clergy: drink, sex, and religion. Newsweek, August 24, 1953 ...Kinsey's report on men was hailed with enthusiasm by some physiologists and philosophers and attacked with equal fervor by others. Any individual's attitude depended on whether he accepted Kinsey's basic notion that man's biological behavior is dictated by biological needs and subject to the same biological rules that govern lower animals... ...[In the Female Report], in concise and easy-to-read language, Kinsey batters at some contemporary ideas about the female's slower sex responsiveness, her earlier sex development, her greater extent of erogenous (sexually sensitive) zones, and her emotional reactions in sex relations... one thing strikes Dr. Kinsey as outstanding: "... the range of variation [of sex behavior] in the female far exceeds the range of variation in the male." ...The slow destruction of the double standard of sex behavior, Kinsey reasons, has resulted from freer consideration of sex matters in our times: the "emancipation" of the female, increased knowledge of contraception, anonymity of persons living in urban areas, control of venereal infection, draft armies which allow American men and women to observe foreign cultures, and drives against organized prostitution (which have drastically reduced the frequency of male contacts with prostitutes, and increased, correspondingly, the frequency of contacts with females not for direct hire.) Controversy Coming The female volume is bound to be a controversial book. Kinsey and his associates have made a contribution to man's limited scientific knowledge of human sex behavior. By presenting an immense mass of evidence, gathered by empirical investigation, they have given their concepts a certain statistical validity, but it is subject to limitations and possibly misinterpretations imposed by a purely materialistic approach. Inevitably, the new book will bring protests from those who perceive the workings of mora


Who became Prime Minister of Britain in April 1955?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 5 | 1955: Sir Winston Churchill resigns 1955: Sir Winston Churchill resigns Sir Winston Churchill has resigned as prime minister of Britain due to his failing health. The news was announced in a statement from Buckingham Palace this afternoon. It said: "The Right Honorable Sir Winston Churchill had an audience with the Queen this evening and tendered his resignation as Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury, which Her Majesty was graciously pleased to accept." Sir Winston Churchill's resignation follows a dinner party held at 10 Downing Street last night attended by the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh and a number of the prime minister's past and present government colleagues. Tributes to the 80-year-old premier, who will be replaced by Sir Anthony Eden tomorrow, have poured in from around the world. 'Blood, toil, tears and sweat' Sir Winston Churchill's political career began in 1900 as Conservative MP for Oldham but in 1906, disillusioned with his party, he defected to the Liberal party. He first became prime minister, as a Conservative again, in 1940 and led the wartime Coalition Government during World War II. During this time he inspired courage throughout the entire British nation even though he had promised nothing more than "blood, toil, tears and sweat." After the war the Coalition Government broke up and Winston Churchill resigned the office of prime minister on 23 May 1945. He was immediately asked by the King to form a new government and his second tenure as prime minister, this time of a caretaker government, began. But Churchill, although regarded as a superb wartime leader, was regarded less favourably in peacetime and in the general election which followed in July 1945 he was heavily defeated. A Labour government, led by Clement Attlee, took the reins of power until 1951 when Winston Churchill once again became prime minister at the age of 77. In 1953 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Garter in recognition of his services to his country. Sir Winston will continue to sit in the House of Commons as member for Woodford.


Women compete for the Corbillon Cup in which sport?

Corbillon cup | Article about Corbillon cup by The Free Dictionary Corbillon cup | Article about Corbillon cup by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Corbillon+cup Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . table tennis, game played, usually indoors, by two or four players; it is more or less a miniature form of lawn tennis tennis, game played indoors or outdoors by two players (singles) or four players (doubles) on a level court. Rules and Equipment Lawn tennis was originally played on grass courts, but most major events are now played on courts of hard, composite materials; ..... Click the link for more information. . It is also called Ping-Pong, after the trade name that a manufacturer adopted (c.1900) for the equipment. The regulation game is played on a table that measures 9 ft by 5 ft (2.74 m by 1.52 m) and stands 2.5 ft (76 cm) from the floor. A transverse net 6 in. (15.25 cm) high divides the surface, which is generally dark in color, edged with white stripes, and halved longitudinally (for doubles play) by another white stripe. The celluloid ball is hollow, seamless, and about 1.5 in. (3.81 cm) in diameter, with a weight of .1 oz (2.8 grams); the racket, or bat, is a wooden paddle with a handle 3 in. (7.62 cm) long and a round blade about 6.5 in. (16.5 cm) long, covered with rubber. In the service (unlike tennis) the ball must bounce once before clearing the net and again bounce before being struck by the receiver. After the service (only one is allowed, not two as in tennis), the returns should go over the net without bouncing on the near surface. A point is scored when a service does not land properly in play or when a player fails to return the ball properly. Each player in turn serves consecutively five times until the winning score of 21 is reached. (If the score is tied at 20-all, play must continue until a 2-point margin is won.) In doubles matches partners rotate in units of five consecutive services, and the server must deliver the ball into the diagonally opposite box. Table tennis originated in the late 19th cent. with cork or rubber balls. First popular in England, it spread to several European countries and to the United States in the early 20th cent. The International Table Tennis Federation was founded (1926) to standardize the rules and equipment. The U.S. Table Tennis Association was founded in 1933. Primarily a recreational sport in the United States, table tennis is a major competitive sport in Asia and parts of Europe. In 1971 the sport achieved a great measure of publicity when, while touring Japan, a U.S. table tennis team was invited to play in China, thereby initiating the first officially sanctioned Sino-American cultural exchange in almost twenty years. Table tennis took its place on the Olympic program in 1988. Bibliography See D. Parker and D. Hewitt, Table Tennis (1989). Table Tennis   a game played with a ball on a table. It is generally accepted that table tennis originated in Great Britain in the late 19th century. In the 1920’s the game gained wide popularity in many countries, first as an amusement and later as a sport. It did not have a universally accepted name in its early years; in the beginning of the 1920’s, the name Ping-Pong was widely used, probably because of the characteristic sound the ball makes when it strikes the wooden table. The game acquired its present name in 1926, when the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was established. Required equipment for table tennis includes a table, usually dark green (274 × 152.5 cm and 76 cm high); a net (183 × 15.25 cm); rackets (paddles) of any shape, usually faced with special dark-colored rubber; and a ball made of white celluloid or plastic (37.2–38.2 mm in diameter and weighing 2.4—2.53 g). In official competition, the playing area measures 6–7 m by 12–14 m. Men’s and women’s singles matches and men’s, women’s, and mixed doubles matches are held. In the team events, placings are determined according to the results of both singles and doubles matches. The ITTF was founded by the


What is the colouring agent E102 also known as?

Sunset Yellow (E110) :: JuicingTheRainbow.com Email Sunset Yellow is a dye also known as E110, Orange Yellow S, FD & C Yellow 6, and C.I. 15985. In Asia it is sometimes added to fermented soybean products. In the rest of the world, it’s used to add coor to marzipan, apricot jam, lemon curd, energy drinks, soup mix, and bread crumbs. It is also the iconic color of the popular brand of corn chips/crisps known as Doritos. Sunset Yellow is added to juices to enhance brown tones in apple juice and cider and to color lemon juice. Hundreds of thousands of people report that consuming foods and beverages made with Sunset Yellow aggravates allergies, triggers skin reactions, and makes managing kids who have ADHD almost impossible. Hundreds of learned experts insist that these symptoms are all in their minds. What the learned experts don’t know, and can’t test for, is the additive effect of Sunset Yellow with other “azo” red and yellow food dyes (especially tartrazine ), aspirin, and aspirin-like substances that occur naturally in cranberries, cloudberries, ligonberries, apples , greengate plums, prunes, dill, oregano, peppermint, and wintergreen, among other foods and spices. It might be that you can take a baby aspirin and not experience an allergic reaction. But if you take a baby aspirin and drink a glass of prune juice, maybe your skin with start itching. Or if you take a baby aspirin and eat a package of Doritos, your face will break out. Or if you eat a whole jar of cloudberry jam while hiking in the woods of northern Sweden, your skin will erupt in hives. Only about 1 person in 300 is sensitive to Sunset Yellow at all. But adverse effects usually result form a combination of Sunset Yellow and other food dyes or aspirin. The “experts” usually don’t take this into account and simply advise that coloring agents are safe, even when they are really not. You can always scrutinize juice labels and package labels and product literature for Sunset Yellow under one of its many names. Or you can just make your own juice that you know is free of Sunset Yellow and other artificial additives. Especially if you love apple juice or apple cider or you make a lot of lemonade, a juice extractor can add flavor to your favorite beverages and save you a great deal of grief with allergic reactions some doctors will tell you don’t exist. Top 10 FREE Juice & Smoothie Recipes Instant Access!  Fruit & vegetable recipes with nutrition info, facts & trivia.  Download now! GET STARTED!


What is the name of Israel's secret intelligence agency?

Israeli Intelligence Agencies Israeli Intelligence Agencies HaFilosofia shel HaModi'in, by Yitzhak ben Yisrael, Ministry of Defence, Israel, 1999 Secret Israeli database reveals full extent of illegal settlement by Uri Blau, Ha'aretz, February 1, 2009.


What was the name of the judge, known as 'The Hanging Judge', in the Bloody Assizes of 1685?

Judge Jeffreys of the "Bloody Assizes" (England, 1685) Judge Jeffreys of the "Bloody Assizes" (England, 1685) Was his reputation as an egregious courtroom bully deserved? Copyright � 2003 by Hugo S. Cunningham First posted 20030215 Sir George Jeffreys, Recorder of London 1678-80. Painting by an unknown artist. (National Portrait Gallery) Source of photo -- frontispiece of P. J. Helm, Jeffreys. We scanned the head only from a 3/4 length seated portrait. Index The Whig view , prevalent in literature a moderate view by Whig historian G.M. Trevelyan (1904) ferociously partisan contemporary pamphlets The Merciful Assizes (heavy-handed satire) the unabashedly partisan (but eloquent) Lord Macaulay (1848) Revisionist views: P.J. Helm Biographical summaries Jeffreys, George, first Baron Jeffreys (1644-1689) educated at St. Paul's School, at Westminster, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, was lord chief justice, 1682. He presided at the trial of Titus Oates, and is chiefly notorious for his brutality and as the judge who held the 'Bloody Assizes.' He was arrested in 1688 and died in the Tower after petitioning for a pardon. Source:  editor Sir Paul Harvey, The Oxford Companion to English Literature 4th Edition, 1967; p. 428. From BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northeast/guides/halloffame/historical/judge_george_jeffreys.shtml George Jeffreys was born at Acton Park in 1648, the son of John Jeffreys and Margaret Ireland.  His grandfather was a judge in North Wales and George eventually decided on a career in law much to his parents' disapproval.  Educated at Shrewsbury and St Paul's Westminster and Cambridge.  He began his studies in the Inner Temple in 1663 and was acting as an advocate before he was officially called to the bar. He entered Gray's Inn.  He was appointed Solicitor General to the Duke of York later James II and was knighted in 1677.  He became recorder of London in 1678. At the age of 33 he became Lord Chief Justice of England and a privy counsellor and two years later Lord Chancellor.  In 1683 he was created Baron Jeffreys of Wem.  He is known as Hanging Judge Jeffreys because of the punishment he handed out at the trials of the supporters of the Duke of Monmouth.  In 1688 when James II fled the country, Jeffreys was placed in the Tower of London for his own safety. He died there the following year aged 44 of kidney disease. --Courtesy Wrexham County Borough Council In 1685, Charles II died and his Catholic brother James II succeeded to the throne. He expressed no intention to impose Catholicism on an intensely anti-Catholic England, but militant Whigs distrusted him anyways. Some supported a revolt by Charles II's illegitimate son the Duke of Monmouth (1685), but it was speedily suppressed, confined to the southwest of England. James II send Judge Jeffreys (and a couple of others) to try the defeated rebels; the resulting "Bloody Assizes," especially as written up by Macaulay (see below ), would make Jeffreys's reputation in history. James II now overplayed his hand, dismissing Parliament (1685), appointing Catholics as officials, allying himself with the cruelly despotic Louis XIV of France, dismissing Anglican clergyman who did not support his Catholic policy, and mobilizing large armies in both Ireland (largely Catholic, hence inspiring intense English distrust) and just outside London. In particular, his attack on the Anglican Church neutralized much of his support amoung "Tories." The 1685 execution of the rebel Duke of Monmouth united Whig opinion behind the only remaining Protestant claimant to the throne, William of Orange, husband of James II's daughter Mary. In 1688, Whigs and disaffected Tories invited him to invade England, drive out James II, and assume the English throne with Queen Mary. Since the Whigs won, they got to write English history. Those who had suppressed Whig rebels (eg Judge Jeffreys) now were illegitimate. Jeffreys, lodged in prison and soon dying of ill-health anyways, was also used as a convenient scapegoat by the exiled James II (still hoping for an eventual res


David Balfour is the hero of which Robert Louis Stevenson novel?

David Balfour, by Robert Louis Stevenson | Stonewell Press Home / Products / David Balfour, by Robert Louis Stevenson David Balfour, by Robert Louis Stevenson $10.50 Product Description David Balfour is the narrator and hero of the famous Stevenson novel Kidnapped. In this novel of the further adventures of David Balfour, our hero continues his friendship with Alan Breck Stewart, supports the cause of the Scottish highlanders, travels abroad to complete his education, and finds romance. This novel is also known by the alternative title of Catriona. Reviews


The Maskelyne Award is associated with which branch of entertainment?

BAFTA: Home of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Guru BAFTA Guru BAFTA Guru is BAFTA’s content hub for career starters packed full of inspirational videos, podcasts and interviews. Whether you’ve taken your first steps in the industry or are just starting out, you’ll find plenty here to motivate and help you along the way. Kids BAFTA Kids BAFTA’s destination for youngsters to come and discover the magical worlds of film, television and games. Enter challenges, watch videos, and take part in our annual vote to decide the best film, TV show and game of the year. YGD Young Game Designers BAFTA Young Game Designers YGD is a gaming initiative for 10-18 year olds which explores how games are made and the skill required to make them through workshops, a video series and an annual competition. 195 Piccadilly BAFTA 195 Piccadilly Situated in the heart of London's West End, BAFTA 195 Piccadilly is the home of BAFTA worldwide, as well as an award-winning venue for hire that offers outstanding hospitality and a suite of flexible event spaces, which can be crafted to suit any occasion.


Malpensa Airport serves which European city?

Milan Malpensa Airport (MXP) Travel Guide Milan Malpensa Airport (MXP) Find all the information regarding Milan Malpensa Airport: Flights (Departures, Arrivals and Airlines), Parking, Hotels and Accommodation, Car hire, Transport and other information about the milano malpensa airport. Plan your travel from or to Milan Airport with the information provided in this site. Check Milan Travel Guide at Bautrip for more information about Milan. Milan Malpensa Airport (IATA: MXP ICAO: LIMC) is the largest airport of Milan, and one of the three in the Milan influence area. The airport is located in the province of Varese, 50km at the NW of Milan. The airport is connected to Milan by the Milano-Varese highway as well as by the "Malpensa Express" train starting from the Milano Centrale railway station and Milan Cadorna railway station. It takes about 50 and 40 minutes respectively to reach Milano city center (click here for Malpensa Express train details) . Milano Malpensa Airport (IATA: MXP) is the largest airport of Milan Malpensa Airport has two terminals Milan Airport handled over 18 million passengers in 2015 Terminal 2 is used by Low Cost Carriers (current only EasyJet) The Duomo di Milano is one of the most visited sights of the city Milan or Milano is the second largest city in Italy and the capital of Lombardy. Is the main industrial, commercial and financial centre of Italy and is well known to host several international events and fairs. What to do in Milan? Feast your eyes on the Last Supper painting, visit the Piazza Duomo, or walk on the roof of Duomo. Explore the Castello Sforzesco, go shopping at Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II. Book your hotel at the city right now. Transport Malpensa Milano airport is located 50 kms far from Milan city center, and is well connected by: - Train : connects both terminals (departs from T1) with Milan City centre. Trains also stop in other cities. - Bus : buses run to downtown Milano and to other italian cities and villages. - Taxi : the taxi rank is located outside each terminal. To reach Milan city center is about 90 euros. To get more information about transportation in Malpensa Milan airport, follow the links in each connection type.     Inter Terminal Shuttle To connect from Malpensa Terminal 1 to Terminal 2, the Airport provides a free shuttle service. Terminals Malpensa airport (MXP) has two main passenger terminals: Terminal 1 and Terminal 2.   Terminal 1 It has 3 concourses and 4 floors. It handles international, Schengen and non-Schengen flights. All Airlines except EasyJet use this Terminal Terminal 1 links with the parking lots: P1, P2, P3 and P4.   Only EasyJet uses this terminal. The building has two floors. Parking at T2: P5.   To connect both terminals Malpensa Airport provides a free shuttle service. Services Malpensa airport provides various services to all passengers that request it.   Both terminals offer: Shops, restaurants and snack bars, stores with different products, ATMs, ground transportation (bus, shuttles, taxis. Trains depart from T1), assistance for passengers with special needs, Tourist information, currency exchange and VAT refund, car rental, nursery assistance, children play areas, parking lots, escalators and elevators, TOTEM, restrooms, conference rooms, VIP Lounges, etc.   If you plan to hire a car please, check here the best prices . Passengers Malpensa was the 29th busiest airport in Europe in 2015 in terms of passengers, handling more than 18M passengers. Is the second busiest aiport in Italy after Rome Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport in terms of total passengers, freight and cargo. The next biggest airport in Italy is Venice Airport.