Who is the only person to refuse a Nobel Peace prize (in 1973)?

Nobel Peace Prize Winner History: Why it Was Once Rejected In 1973, one of the honorees refused to accept a Nobel Peace Prize + READ ARTICLE With the announcement Friday morning that the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet will be the latest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize , the number of Peace Prize laureates will tick up to 129 . That figure doesn’t match up with the number of years the prize has been given, as some years have multiple honorees and others–historically times of war–have none. But it also wouldn’t match up with the number of prizes announced. That’s because in 1973 Le Duc Tho became the first and only person ever to voluntarily refuse a Nobel Peace Prize. The prize had been awarded jointly to Tho, a North Vietnamese politician and diplomat, and U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger for their work negotiating a ceasefire in the Vietnam War. As TIME reported , the Nobel committee’s decision “aroused an unprecedented storm of criticism”: Only at the White House was the announcement greeted with unguarded praise. Kissinger was unabashedly delighted; President Nixon, who might have hoped to win it himself, said that the award gave “deserved recognition to the art of negotiation itself in the process of ending a war and laying the groundwork for peace.” Hanoi, however, was resoundingly silent, lending substance to rumors that Tho would not accept the prize. The biggest reason for the controversy was the obvious one: despite Tho and Kissinger’s work, the war in Vietnam continued (as it would for more than a year after the Nobel announcement). And many argued that Tho and Kissinger had been just as responsible for creating war, not stopping it. One TIME reader wrote in to say that “The awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho is like granting Xaviera Hollander (the Happy Hooker) an award for extreme virtue.” Though Tho would probably not have agreed with the second half of that argument, he did agree that Vietnam was not at peace—and, further, as the Nobel Committee puts it, “his opposite number had violated the truce.” He declined to accept the prize. He said that he might reconsider if peace were restored to his country eventually, but his decision stood. But, as TIME noted in 1978 when Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin controversially received the prize, lasting peace was obviously not a prerequisite. Past winners included “Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann, the French and German statesmen who won the 1926 prize for the ill-fated Locarno peace treaties, in which Belgium, France and Germany agreed never to fight again” and “American Diplomat Frank Kellogg, who was the originator of the utopian Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, in which 15 powers, including Germany and Japan, agreed to renounce war as an instrument of national policy.”


Which name is shared by the former Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrat Party and MP for Bermondsey and Old Southwark and the Channel 5 TV cricket analyst and former Middlesex and Durham player?

Learn and talk about North Southwark and Bermondsey (UK Parliament constituency), Bermondsey, Parliamentary constituencies in London (historic), Politics of Southwark, United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies disestablished in 2010 Boundaries[ edit ] The London Borough of Southwark wards of Abbey, Bricklayers, Browning, Burgess, Cathedral, Chaucer, Dockyard, Newington, Riverside, and Rotherhithe. As the name suggests, the seat incorporated large parts of the old Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey and Metropolitan Borough of Southwark , within the modern London Borough of Southwark (which is much larger than historic Southwark ). The seat was created in 1997 and was primarily the successor seat to the old Southwark & Bermondsey constituency which existed from 1983 until 1997 . Before that the core of the seat was the Bermondsey constituency in which incarnation a notorious by-election took place in 1983. History[ edit ] For the detailed history of the equivalent constituency prior to 1997, see Southwark and Bermondsey . Southwark North and Bermondsey was unusual for an Inner London constituency in that the area was represented by a Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament (MP) for over twenty-five years. Many commentators felt that this unusual state of affairs was entirely down to the circumstances of the 1983 Bermondsey by-election .[ citation needed ] Prior to this, the seat had a long history of representation by Labour MPs, but in the early 1980s the local Labour Party was dominated by the far left. The sitting MP Bob Mellish was directly opposed to their approach and accepted an invitation to sit on the board directing the regeneration of London Docklands. Bermondsey Constituency Labour Party selected its secretary Peter Tatchell . A magazine article he had written about direct action was used by a Social Democrat MP to embarrass Labour Party leader Michael Foot who impetuously denounced Tatchell and stated that he would not be endorsed, but the party was forced to accept him when Mellish resigned from the House of Commons , triggering a by-election widely regarded as one of the dirtiest in history. Tatchell came in for immense local and national vilification and in a shock result the Liberal candidate Simon Hughes established that his party had the best chance of the other candidates, and monopolised the anti-Tatchell vote. Hughes continued to win the seat, at times being the only Liberal Democrat MP in London. The Labour Party had a strong desire to re-take the seat, which was often predicted to change hands on a uniform swing occurring in elections. However Hughes repeatedly defied the national trend and held the seat. On one memorable occasion, during the results of the 1997 general election he was told on air by Jonathan Dimbleby that Labour had gained the seat, only for the result to re-elect Hughes with a good majority. In local elections, the London Borough of Southwark was run by the Liberal Democrats until 2010, with Conservative support as the Lib Dems did not have a majority. Labour won majority control of the council in the May 2010 elections. Following Boundary Commission changes to both sides of the Thames, it altered slightly in shape, but changed its name to Bermondsey and Old Southwark . At the 2015 general election , Labour in the person of Neil Coyle finally re-gained the seat in a shock result, bringing Simon Hughes's 32-year parliamentary career to an abrupt end. Member of Parliament[ edit ] The seat's only MP was Simon Hughes , who sat for the various Bermondsey seats since a by-election in 1983 until his defeat in 2015, as a Liberal MP until 1988 and as a Liberal Democrat after that. Election Original courtesy of Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Southwark_and_Bermondsey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)  —  Please support Wikipedia. This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia . A portion of the proceeds from advertising on Digplanet goes to supporting Wikipedia. We're sorry, but there's no news about "North Southwark and Bermondsey (UK Parliament constituency)" rig


Which group were one hit wonders with the 1983 hit 'It's Raining Men'?

It's Raining Men | Channel Awesome | Fandom powered by Wikia Todd plays "It's Raining Men" on the piano. THE WEATHER GIRLS - IT'S RAINING MEN A one-hit wonder retrospective Todd: Welcome back to One Hit Wonderland, where we take a look at the full careers of bands and artists who are known for only one song, and this episode [points the guns] is for the ladies. Video for "It's Raining Men" Martha: It's raining men Weather Girls: Hallelujah, it's raining men [Todd slowly unzips the hoodie and quickly opens up] Amen! Izora: I'm gonna go out Todd (VO): "It's Raining Men". Hallelujah. Yes, today we're talking about God's gift to ladies' nights and male strip shows across the nation. Oh, my God, this song is... Todd: ...so, so stupid, but you can't help but enjoy it, right? There's just... Todd (VO): ...something about this ridiculous freakin' song. Today we're gonna take a look at the two BBW you see there singing the song, the Weather Girls. Believe it or not, those two people are not, in fact, Martin Lawrence and Tracy Morgan in fat suits, but two actual singers with voices powerful enough to flatten even the buffest Chippendale's dancer. Martha: It's raining men Todd (VO): Well, it may have been raining men, but it was not raining hits. Their chart success quickly... Todd: ...dried up. *throat clear* Todd (VO): I mean, their name was the Weather Girls. When even your name is tied directly to your only hit, you can't be that surprised when you don't have a second, right? Todd: Well, you'd be surprised. The Weather Girls were a serious group who deserved some serious consideration. Todd (VO): No way, right? How is this campy novelty act worthy of your respect? Todd: Well, let's find out. And leave those umbrellas at home because tonight we're gonna get [singing along] absolutely soaking wet! Yeah, don't think too hard about that. Martha: It's gonna start raining men! Before the hit Todd: Now, already in this review, I have made several references to the fact that the Weather Girls were two...ladies of size, let's say. I'm sure there are some who would tell me that it was rude of me to even mention it. As a rebuttal to that, I would like to point out that the Weather Girls' original name was [self-titled album cover of...] Two Tons of Fun. So...it's gonna come up. Clip of the Weather Girls performing "Land of the Believer" at the Apollo Todd (VO): Those particular Two Tons of Fun are Martha Wash and Izora Armstead. Both got their start singing gospel in their local churches,... Todd: ...but they both started getting interested in their local disco scene in their hometown of San Francisco, and that's where they met a man named Sylvester. Video of Sylvester - "You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)" Sylvester: Oh, you make me feel Mighty real Todd (VO): Sylvester is mostly known nowadays for being one of the very few openly gay artists of his time. Now, disco itself sprang from the gay nightclub scene, but...you know, being open about that kind of thing was still kinda taboo. Even most of [pic of...] the Village People weren't officially out of the closet, and this guy Sylvester, he made the Village People look like Van Halen, so he was kind of a groundbreaker 'cause...he was not shy about it. In fact, he kind of bordered on being a drag queen, although he did not like being called that. [Montage of Sylvester with Two Tons of Fun] Sylvester was the one who discovered Martha and Izora and decided to make them his backup singers. He's also the one that named them Two Tons of Fun. If they were bothered by that, they never said anything. God knows I would've been. Sylvester had several hits with those two on backup. I've seen some people say that the girls probably deserve more credit on those songs than he does. And they also release a [double album cover featuring Two Tons O' Fun and Backatcha] few records without Sylvester, meaning they were both his backup and his opening act. [Clip of performance in Japan] A few of their original songs were big hits on the dance charts, but...this was like 1980, 1981. The disco scene had already died


Richard Parker is a major character in the book and film 'Life of Pi', what is he?

SparkNotes: Life of Pi: Analysis of Major Characters Analysis of Major Characters Themes, Motifs & Symbols Piscine Molitor Patel Piscine Molitor Patel is the protagonist and, for most of the novel, the narrator. In the chapters that frame the main story, Pi, as a shy, graying, middle-aged man, tells the author about his early childhood and the shipwreck that changed his life. This narrative device distances the reader from the truth. We don’t know whether Pi’s story is accurate or what pieces to believe. This effect is intentional; throughout Pi emphasizes the importance of choosing the better story, believing that imagination trumps cold, hard facts. As a child, he reads widely and embraces many religions and their rich narratives that provide meaning and dimension to life. In his interviews with the Japanese investigators after his rescue, he offers first the more fanciful version of his time at sea. But, at their behest, he then provides an alternative version that is more realistic but ultimately less appealing to both himself and his questioners. The structure of the novel both illustrates Pi’s defining characteristic, his dependence on and love of stories, and highlights the inherent difficulties in trusting his version of events. Though the narrative jumps back and forth in time, the novel traces Pi’s development and maturation in a traditional bildungsroman, or coming-of-age story. Pi is an eager, outgoing, and excitable child, dependent on his family for protection and guidance. In school, his primary concerns involve preventing his schoolmates from mispronouncing his name and learning as much as he can about religion and zoology. But when the ship sinks, Pi is torn from his family and left alone on a lifeboat with wild animals. The disaster serves as the catalyst in his emotional growth; he must now become self-sufficient. Though he mourns the loss of his family and fears for his life, he rises to the challenge. He finds a survival guide and emergency provisions. Questioning his own values, he decides that his vegetarianism is a luxury under the conditions and learns to fish. He capably protects himself from Richard Parker and even assumes a parental relationship with the tiger, providing him with food and keeping him in line. The devastating shipwreck turns Pi into an adult, able to fend for himself out in the world alone. Pi’s belief in God inspires him as a child and helps sustain him while at sea. In Pondicherry, his atheistic biology teacher challenges his Hindu faith in God, making him realize the positive power of belief, the need to overcome the otherwise bleakness of the universe. Motivated to learn more, Pi starts practicing Christianity and Islam, realizing these religions all share the same foundation: belief in a loving higher power. His burgeoning need for spiritual connection deepens while at sea. In his first days on the lifeboat, he almost gives up, unable to bear the loss of his family and unwilling to face the difficulties that still await him. At that point, however, he realizes that the fact he is still alive means that God is with him; he has been given a miracle. This thought gives him strength, and he decides to fight to remain alive. Throughout his adventure, he prays regularly, which provides him with solace, a sense of connection to something greater, and a way to pass the time. Richard Parker Pi’s companion throughout his ordeal at sea is Richard Parker, a 450-pound Royal Bengal tiger. Unlike many novels in which animals speak or act like humans, Richard Parker is portrayed as a real animal that acts in ways true to his species. It can be difficult to accept that a tiger and a boy could exist on a lifeboat alone, however, in the context of the novel, it seems plausible. Captured as a cub, Parker grew up in the zoo and is accustomed to a life in captivity. He is used to zookeepers training and providing for him, so he is able to respond to cues from Pi and submit to his dominance. However, he is no docile house cat. He has been tamed, but he still acts instinctually, swimming for the


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Which German City is home to the headquarters of the Volkswagen car manufacturer?

German Cars - Leaders In The Automobile World German Cars — Leaders In The Automobile World Without a doubt, Germany with its German cars is one of the leading automobile havens in the world. It is a country that has produced many firsts, like the four stroke engine invented by Nikolaus August Otto in 1876 among others. Germany doesn’t fall short with car manufacturing either, with close to 10 million cars produced every year with almost 1 million people employed. From Audi , BMW , and Porsche to Mercedes Benz (also known as Daimler) and Volkswagen — all of these companies have factories scattered throughout the world and even more happy fans to boot. Audi The first line of German cars under discussion is Audi. Headquartered in Ingolstadt , it is owned by the Volkswagen Group and has been doing extremely well with European sales. Audi is widely considered to have the best build quality of all commercial auto manufacturers, with record sales figures coming from half of its 50 major sales markets in 2004. Following increases in sales in different world regions, Audi has responded by building dealerships in these areas and expanding its brand. BMW Another major German cars brand is the BMW (outspoken: Bayerische Motorenwerke), which is located in Munich (München) . Known as the “Ultimate Driving Machine” in the United States, the company was founded by Karl Rapp in 1913. Originally, BMW was intended to be an aircraft manufacturer until it secured a contract to build V12 engines. Today, after countless design changes, it can safely say it belongs in the same class as the other luxury German cars like Mercedes Benz and Porsche. It is known to be cheaper than its counterparts as well, manufacturing everything from compact I series vehicles to the fancy 5, 6, and 7 series. Porsche Another bona fide German automobile company is the immortal Porsche series, whose Headquarters are locate in Stuttgart . Known as amongst some of the finest cars in the world, it has crafted a niche as a racing car king, with more than 190 cars built for racing events alone in 2006. From the 24 Hour Nürburgring race in June (one of Germany’s largest motorsport events) to the American Le Mans Series with races in Long Beach, Houston, and St. Petersburg, Russia – Porsche always delivers in the racing department. Plus, it was Ferdinand Porsche that came up with the VW Beetle prototype. Mercedes Benz One of the largest car manufacturer worldwide is also located in Sindelfingen , Germany, named Mercedes Benz, also known as Daimler. Daimler is well-known as producing cars with the longest life span. It is very common to drive a Mercedes Benz for 20+ years. Volkswagen (VW) Volkswagen, located in Wolfsburg, is another large car manufacturer and employer in Germany, producing cars all around the world. The world famous Käfer became a national symbol for the industrialization in the years after World War II . Its follower, Beetle, is as well a symbol for freedom, joy, and happiness. — All of the aforementioned cars speak volumes over Germany’s influence in the racing world. From the BMW to the Audi, Germany will continue to remain one of the premier racing and driving destinations in the world. ;-)


Stokes' Law describes the force on objects passing through a fluid. It includes which property of the fluid usually represented by the Greek letter eta?

PPLATO | FLAP | PHYS 7.6: Mechanical properties of matter PHYS 7.6: Mechanical properties of matter PPLATO @     ∝ is read as ‘is proportional to’. Named after Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), French mathematician and philosopher. We use the term as if here since the weight of an object depends only on its mass and the acceleration due to gravity: W = mg. The weight cannot depend on the fluid; it is only the apparent weight which is affected. Unless specially prepared, surfaces tend either to be rough or to have surface contaminants such as oxide coatings (in the case of metals) or layers of dirt or grease. Such effects preserve the interface between the two objects, reducing the microscopic contact, and hence the frictional forces. Clean surfaces in contact in a vacuum can even form what is known as a vacuum weld, a situation where the idea of the interface between the two bodies has lost its significance. μ is the Greek letter mu. η is the Greek letter eta. The poise is named in honour of the French physicist Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1799–1869). Named after Sir George Stokes (1819–1903), Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge. Stokes’ law is used in measurements of the viscosity of liquids and was also used in Millikan’s oil drop experiment (described elsewhere in FLAP), which determined the charge on the electron. γ is the Greek letter gamma. 1 Opening items 1.1 Module introduction In this module we consider the response of matter to external forces, but always under the application of balanced forces so there is no acceleration of the body as a whole. We are interested in the manner in which the external forces distort or deform a body. In Section 2 we examine solids and the ways of characterizing their behaviour in terms of their elastic properties. We introduce the properties of elasticity and plasticity, stress, strain, Hooke’s law and Young’s modulus. We consider tensile, uni-axial compressive, shear and bulk compressive stresses and strains, introducing shear modulus and bulk modulus. In Section 3 we then examine fluids and describe the more limited, but equally important, ways in which they respond to external forces. This discussion includes hydrostatic pressure, Pascal’s principle, Archimedes’ principle and the phenomenon of buoyancy. In Section 4 we then consider in some detail the ways in which both solids and liquids interact with their environment through effects which occur at surfaces and interfaces, including the familiar phenomenon of friction between solids and the analogous process of viscosity with fluids. We introduce the usual phenomenological descriptions of these, as well as briefly discussing their microscopic basis. Stoke’s law is described, and the existence of a terminal speed for a body falling through a fluid is discussed. Finally, we describe the phenomena of surface tension and capillarity. Study comment Having read the introduction you may feel that you are already familiar with the material covered by this module and that you do not need to study it. If so, try the following Fast track questions. If not, proceed directly to the Subsection 1.3Ready to study? section. 1.2 Fast track questions Study comment Can you answer the following Fast track questions? If you answer the questions successfully you need only glance through the module before looking at the Subsection 5.1Module summary and the Subsection 5.2Achievements. If you are sure that you can meet each of these achievements, try the Subsection 5.3Exit test. If you have difficulty with only one or two of the questions you should follow the guidance given in the answers and read the relevant parts of the module. However, if you have difficulty with more than two of the Exit questions you are strongly advised to study the whole module. Question F1 An aluminium beam has length 1.00 m, a square cross section of side 2.00 mm, and a Young’s modulus of 7.00 × 1010 N m−2. If a tensile force of 1.00 × 103 N is applied along the length of the beam, what will be the change in the length of the beam, assuming Hooke’s law is valid? Answe


Alice Arnold is the lifetime partner of which other broadcaster?

Clare Balding: BBC newsreader Alice Arnold on life as Clare's other half | Daily Mail Online comments Theirs is one of the most high-profile civil partnerships in Britain — and since Clare Balding’s triumphant presentation of the BBC’s Olympic coverage, their domestic life has become more frenetic than ever. But in this intimate and touching portrait, BBC Radio newsreader ALICE ARNOLD reveals a very different side to Britain’s favourite broadcaster. Clare is off again. Leeds today, I think, though unless I look up our Google calendar I can’t be sure. She is on her book tour. We didn’t really know what a book tour was until this summer. But Clare wrote a book — the memoirs of her childhood. It’s pretty good, though I say so myself, and it was No 1 in the bestseller list for quite a few weeks. Togetherness: Britain's favourite broadcaster Clare Balding (left) and her partner, BBC newsreader Alice Arnold (right) now have a more frenetic domestic life than ever since Clare's triumphant presentation of the BBC's Olympic coverage Didn't notice: Clare and Alice met about 13 years ago and Alice said at first she didn't take much notice of Clare until a few years later I like the book charts — it reminds me of being a teenager, when I knew the order of the Top 20 and all the words. It’s a typical day in our lives. I will go to work this evening and Clare will possibly be home by the time I get back, or possibly not. We may see each other in the morning to walk the dog and chat. Then again, we may just have to communicate through notes left on the kitchen table, which usually read something like: ‘I have fed Archie, however much he tries to persuade you otherwise. PS we need milk.’ RELATED ARTICLES Share Archie is our dog. We have lived like this for ten years. People ask what’s the key to success in our relationship. Normally we can put it down to ‘absence makes the heart grow fonder’. Anyway we are stuck with each other now because we have done that civil partnership thing. We did it six years ago. We are legally bound to each other. It’s lovely but a bit of a mouthful. ‘Are you married?’ people ask. ‘I am civilly partnered,’ I reply. It doesn’t exactly trip off the tongue. Everyone arrives at their destination in different ways and from different directions. I often read memoirs of gay people who say that they had a feeling of being different. Off again: Alice reveals a very different side to Britain's favourite broadcaster who is currently on a book tour I felt different. I was at an all-girls’ school but had boyfriends from the local boys’ school just like everybody else. In fact, I had quite a lot of boyfriends. I am talking about a time when life was a little more innocent, but I certainly had no trouble attracting members of the opposite sex. I was sporty and fit and didn’t look too shoddy in a lacrosse kilt. The reason I felt different was that I cared about things and they didn’t seem to be the same things anyone else cared about. I cared about justice and inequality, about racism and prejudice. This wasn’t exactly fashionable among my peers. 'We moved in together almost straight away' My friends had turned into Sloane Rangers and I hadn’t. In fact, the Sloane Ranger Handbook came out the year I was in the lower sixth. I was given no fewer than five copies from different relatives for Christmas. They still lie unopened. It wasn’t until I got to Sussex University that I realised what was missing. It all came down to tummy flips — that’s how I knew. Once you have met someone who gives you tummy flips you certainly don’t want to go back to a world without them. It’s not that I don’t like men. I do. I like lots of men. I have many men friends. What I like most about men, though, is that I don’t have to live with them. This is great. It means I don’t have to moan endlessly about how they never do the washing-up or leave their dirty underpants on the bathroom floor. I know they do this because I’ve heard stand-up comedians talk about it. Favourite evening: On the rare night they have together, Alice and Clare eat a chic


Which U.S. President's face is depicted on the $20 dollar bill?

Harriet Tubman replaces Andrew Jackson on the face of $20 dollar bill Harriet Tubman replaces Andrew Jackson on the face of $20 dollar bill By  Sarah Menendez April 20, 2016 | 1:11 PM Hamilton fans are "Satisfied" with Treasury Secretary decision to let the founding father "Stay Alive" on the $10 dollar bill.  - T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images U.S. Treasury Secretary Jack Lew announced changes to the $20, $10 and $5 bills Wednesday, confirming that abolitionist leader Harriet Tubman will replace president Andrew Jackson on the face of the $20 dollar bill. The list of changes adds new figures and images to bills rather than completely replacing the political leaders currently featured. Jackson will still be on the reverse side of the $20 note in some way. Founding father Alexander Hamilton’s place on the face of the $10 dollar bill will remain unchanged and while the back of the bill will continue to depict the Treasury building, it will also show images of the women's suffrage movement. Lincoln will remain on the face of the $5 dollar, however, the back will include historical events at the Lincoln Memorial, including African American singer Marian Anderson singing on the steps next to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, and an image of Martin Luther King Jr. delivering his "I have a dream" speech. The Treasury will reveal the redesigned bills put into production by 2020, to mark the 100th anniversary of the 19th amendment which legalized voting for women. Lew emphasized that these redesigns are focused on telling stories of historical events through images depicted on the bills.  Harriet Tubman's legacy is "an essential story about the history of American democracy," he told reporters on a press call. “She changed the course of this country by direct action," Lew said.  "That is a legacy that we all do well to learn from, which is why she is the right image for our next $20 dollar bill.” Tubman was one of the many women considered. Other candidates included Susan B. Anthony, Eleanor Roosevelt and Rosa Parks. The Treasury department hosted public town halls, round table meetings and calls for public input on social media. Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen echoed Lew's sentiment in a statement released on Wednesday. "Throughout American history, women have made important contributions to the free and democratic society we enjoy today," said Yellen.  "I welcome the decision by the Treasury Department to honor these achievements." In an interview with Marketplace’s Kai Ryssdal earlier this month, Lew talked about the movement to depict more women on the dollar bills.  “We've heard from millions of Americans. That means there's people from around the country at school lunch tables, in senior centers, at workplaces talking about what woman should we recognize and how have women contributed to democracy in America,” said Lew.    This comes almost a year after the Treasury Secretary sent a memo to the president suggesting changes to the currency. In his memo, Lew initially proposed getting rid of Hamilton, which did not sit well with the public. After the wild success of “Hamilton,” the hip-hop musical about the first Treasury secretary, fans rallied around the idea of keeping him on the $10. During a visit to the White House, Pulitzer prize winner and creator of “Hamilton,” Lin Manuel-Miranda lobbied current Treasury Secretary Jack Lew to keep Hamilton on the bill. Turns out, the non-stop support for Hamilton from “Hamilton” worked. Follow Sarah Menendez at  @SarahMenendez .  Sarah Menendez


In the world of professional darts, which player is nicknamed 'The Silverback'?

Red Dragon Darts - DARTS :OShea faces switch decision Home > News > DARTS :O'Shea faces switch decision DARTS :O'Shea faces switch decision WORLD Championship finalist Tony O'Shea is facing the biggest decision of his darts career just days after his agonising defeat at the Lakeside. Stockport player O'Shea, nicknamed Silverback, lost 7-6 to Ted `The Count' Hankey in a thrilling British Darts Organisation (BDO) final last Sunday. But now 47-year-old O'Shea must decide whether to stay with the BDO or move to the more lucrative Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) that is televised by Sky and home to arrows legend Phil `The Power' Taylor. Although he admits the lure of cash is hard to resist, O'Shea's ability to represent England while with the BDO, plus the chance to have another crack at Lakeside glory, has left the Silverback scratching his head. O'Shea, who used to be a greenkeeper at Hazel Grove Golf Club, said: "I've had hundreds of e-mails and texts since Sunday asking what I'm going to do. My heart tells me to stay with the BDO but my head says go to the PDC. "Earlier on in the season I had a disagreement with the BDO over my ranking and that got me thinking about a move. "There is so much money in the PDC that my head says that is where I should go, but my heart says stay in the BDO because I can play the internationals there. "If I had to say right now I would probably say I'll stay in the BDO, but I haven't made my mind up once and for all." Superb O'Shea has been in superb form this season, reaching the semi- finals at the three tournaments preceding the Lakeside. He went one better at Frimley Green, Surrey, to reach the showpiece match after beating fellow Stockport thrower Darryl Fitton in the semis. And although he didn't win, O'Shea has not been discouraged by his defeat to Hankey. O'Shea added: "The fact I came so close to winning at the Lakeside has given me the hunger to put that right and carry on. "I have never felt like I did in that final. When it got to six-all and the fans were chanting my name it was amazing - it still gives me goose bumps now just to think about it." O'Shea will be following a well trodden path if he does decide to switch to the PDC. Raymond van Barneveld, Jelle Klaasen and Mervyn King are all high-profile players who have made the switch in recent years. Even though O'Shea has sampled the sport's bright lights, he is looking forward to representing The Pineapple Inn in Marple in the local leagues over the coming weeks. In nine years competing on the local circuit he has lost just once, a record even the world finalist is proud of. "I lost to a lad called Robbie Sherlock. We only play over three legs and he's a decent player. But even so, to lose just once is not bad going because there are some decent players around in Stockport." Story By: Manchester Evening News http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/s/1090734_oshea_faces_switch_decision?rss=yes


Who designed the Mount Rushmore monument in the U.S.A. to four presidents?

Mount Rushmore - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Google The Birth of Mount Rushmore Mount Rushmore, located just north of Custer State Park in South Dakota’s Black Hills National Forest, was named for the New York lawyer Charles E. Rushmore, who traveled to the Black Hills in 1884 to inspect mining claims in the region. When Rushmore asked a local man the name of a nearby mountain, he reportedly replied that it never had a name before, but from now on would be known as Rushmore Peak (later Rushmore Mountain or Mount Rushmore). Did You Know? A bill introduced in Congress in 1937 proposed that a carving of Susan B. Anthony's head be included among the luminaries at Mount Rushmore, but fell through due to a rider on the existing appropriations bill mandating that federal funds be spent only on those carvings already begun. Seeking to attract tourism to the Black Hills in the early 1920s, South Dakota’s state historian Doane Robinson came up with the idea to sculpt “the Needles” (several giant natural granite pillars) into the shape of historic heroes of the West. He suggested Red Cloud, a Sioux chief, as a potential subject. In August 1924, Robinson contacted Gutzon Borglum, an American sculptor of Danish descent who was then working on carving an image of the Confederate General Robert E. Lee into the face of Georgia’s Stone Mountain. Luckily for Robinson, the headstrong Borglum was on the outs with the group that had commissioned the Lee sculpture, and would soon abandon the project. Borglum suggested that the subjects of the South Dakota work be George Washington and Abraham Lincoln , as that would attract more national interest. He would later add Thomas Jefferson and Theodore Roosevelt to the list, in recognition of their contributions to the birth of democracy and the growth of the United States. Sculpting the Presidents at Mount Rushmore During a second visit to the Black Hills in August 1925, Borglum identified Mount Rushmore as the desired site of the sculpture. Even as local Native Americans and environmentalists voiced their opposition to the project, deeming it a desecration of the natural landscape, Robinson worked tirelessly to raise funding for the project, aided by Rapid City Mayor John Boland and Senator Peter Norbeck, among others. After President Calvin Coolidge traveled to the Black Hills for his summer vacation, the sculptor convinced the president to deliver an official dedication speech at Mount Rushmore on August 10, 1927; carving began that October. In 1929, during the last days of his presidency, Coolidge signed legislation appropriating $250,000 in federal funds for the Rushmore project and creating the Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission to oversee its completion. Boland was made the president of the commission’s executive committee, though Robinson (to his immense disappointment) was excluded. To carve the four presidential heads into the face of Mount Rushmore, Borglum utilized new methods involving dynamite and pneumatic hammers to blast through a large amount of rock quickly, in addition to the more traditional tools of drills and chisels. Some 400 workers removed around 450,000 tons of rock from Mount Rushmore, which still remains in a heap near the base of the mountain. Though it was arduous and dangerous work, no lives were lost during the completion of the carved heads. Mount Rushmore as a “Shrine of Democracy” On July 4, 1930, a dedication ceremony was held for the head of Washington . After workers found the stone in the original site to be too week, they moved Jefferson’s head from the right of Washington’s to the left; the head was dedicated in August 1936, in a ceremony attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt . In September 1937, Lincoln’s head was dedicated, while the fourth and final head–that of FDR’s fifth cousin, Theodore Roosevelt–was dedicated in July 1939. Gutzon Borglum died in March 1941, and it was left to his son Lincoln to complete the final details of Mount Rushmore in time for its dedication ceremony on October 31 of that year. Mount Rushmore National Memoria


The image of which boxer appears on the cover of the Beatles 'Sergeant Pepper' album?

Who Are Those People and Images on the Cover of Sgt. Pepper? - Music History 44. Dr. David Livingstone (Missionary & Explorer) 45. Johnny Weismuller (Swimmer and Actor) 46. Stephen Crane (Writer) 48. George Bernhard Shaw (Writer) 49. H.C.(Horace Clifford) Westermann (Sculptor) 50. Albert Stubbins (Soccer Player) 51. Sri Lahiri Mahasaya (Guru) 52. Lewis Carroll (Writer) 53. T.E. (Thomas Edward) Lawrence (Soldier, Lawrence of Arabia) 54. Sonny Liston (Boxer) 55. The Petty Girl (by Artist George Petty) 56. Wax Model of George Harrison 57. Wax Model of John Lennon 58. Shirley Temple (Kinder Actress) 59. Wax Model von Ringo Starr 60. Wax Model von Paul McCartney 61. Albert Einstein (Physicist) 62. John Lennon (Holding a French Horn) 63. Ringo Starr (Holding a Trumpet) 64. Paul McCartney (Holding a cor anglais) 65. George Harrison (Holding a Flute) 66. Bobby Breen (Singer) 68. ** Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi (Indian Leader) 69. Legionnaire from the Order of the Buffalos 70. Diana Dors (Actress) 71. Shirley Temple (Child Actress) 72. Cloth Grandmother Figure of Jann Haworth 73. Cloth Figure of Shirley Temple (Child Actress) by Jann Haworth 74. Mexican Candlestick 76. Stone Figure of Girl 77. Stone Figure 78. Statue from John Lennon's House 79. Trophy 81. Drum-Skin, Designed by Joe Ephgrave) 82. Hookah (Water tobacco pipe 83. Velvet Snake 85. Stone Figure of Snow White 86. Garden Gnome 87. Tuba * Leo Gorcey was painted out because he requested a fee to use his image. ** Ghandi was painted out by request of EMI as they feared it would offend record buyers in India. The album cover herein and location drawings are for the sole use of reference for the readers of this article. All other uses are in violation of international copyright laws. This use for educational reference, falls under the "fair use" sections of U.S. copyright law. The same such reference applies to images/photos of album covers used herein. Album cover by M C Productions, staged by Peter Blake and Jann Haworth. Photographed by Michael Cooper. Wax figures by Madame Tussauds.ï¿½ 1967 EMI Records Ltd. All information contained in this article, except names, titles, and photos, ï¿½ Copyright 2011-2012 by John T. Marck, Edited by John T. Marck.


Who in 1588, commanded the English fleet that confronted the Spanish Armada?

The Spanish Armada Museums The Spanish Armada The spectacular but unsuccessful attempt by King Philip II of Spain to invade Elizabethan England in 1588. The Armada is for the English the classic foreign threat to their country and a powerful icon of national identity. The English Fleet gives battle to the Spanish Armada: A Spanish galeas occupies the foreground, an English “race” galleon to her left and right. English ships carry the red cross of St George on a white background: Spanish Armada June to September 1588: click here to buy this picture The previous battle in the British Battles series is the Battle of Flodden The next battle in the British Battles series is the Battle of Edgehill Battle: The Spanish Armada. Date: June to September 1588. Area of the Armada campaign: The English Channel, the North Sea and the seas around the North and West of Scotland, the Orkneys and the West of Ireland. Combatants in the Armada campaign: The Armada (Spanish for “Fleet”), manned by Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians, Germans, Dutch, Flemings, Irish and English against the English Fleet assisted by the Dutch Fleet. Commanders in the Armada campaign: Spanish commanders were the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Duke of Parma against the English commanders Lord Howard of Effingham, High Admiral of England, Sir John Hawkins, Sir Martin Frobisher, Sir Francis Drake, Lord Henry Seymour and Sir William Winter. The Armada June to September 1588: Lord Howard in the Ark attacks San Martin, flagship of the Duke of Medina Sidonia. Both ships carry the red cross on the white background, the crusader symbol and the symbol of St George: click here to buy this picture Size of the navies in the Armada campaign: The Spanish Armada sailed with around 160 ships. The English mobilised up to 200 ships in the Channel. Unknown numbers of Dutch vessels harassed and attacked the Armada and hemmed the Duke of Parma’s forces into their harbour of Dunkirk. Ships, organization, tactics and equipment: The descent of the Spanish Armada on England in 1588 ocurred at a time of profound change in sea warfare. The Spanish represented the old tradition while the English fought with a new design of warship and new tactics. In medieval warfare at sea soldiers added castles to the merchant trading vessel at the front and the rear (fore castle and after castle) and at the top of the mast and fought their fleets as if on land, discharging arrows and handguns, boarding the enemy ships and conducting hand to hand fighting.   The ships incorporated by the Spanish in the Armada represented this tradition. The main Spanish vessels were galleons, sailing ships that rode high out of the water with towering fore and after castles from which handheld firearms were discharged; while the crews grappled the enemy ships so that soldiers could board and capture them. Their height and broad beam made these ships awkward to sail. English captains, particularly John Hawkins and Francis Drake, inspired a new form of ship for the Queen’s Navy, the “race ship”, of which around 25 were built. Lower in the water, with a long prow and much reduced fore and after castles, these sleek ships carried more sophisticated forms of rigging, enabling them to sail closer to the wind, making them faster and more manoeuvrable than the Spanish ships. England had no standing army, so her naval vessels were crewed by sailors alone. English fighting ships relied increasingly on gunnery rather than boarding to defeat an enemy. The route of the Spanish Armada in 1588, up the Channel into the North Sea, North About into the Atlantic and down the west coast of Ireland. The map shows the known wrecks of Armada ships. Of the 120 ships in the Armada half were lost many just disappearing. The map shows the sites of the engagements between the Armada and the English Fleet at Eddystone, Portland, Isle of Wight, Calais and Gravelines. Of the Armada’s complement of 30,000 soldiers and sailors 20,000 were lost: map by John Fawkes Initially the English attempted to disable the Armada ships with long range gunfire. This form o


"Who played the role of U.S. Vaudeville artist Eddie Foy in the 1955 biographical movie ""The Seven Little Foys""?"

Critic Consensus: No consensus yet. Movie Info With his movie career fading in 1955, Bob Hope was amenable to writer/director Mel Shavelson's suggestion that Hope try something different. The Seven Little Foys was the first of Hope's two "straight" biopics (the second was 1956's Beau James). Though not completely abandoning his patented persona, Hope does an admirable job of impersonating legendary Broadway song-and-dance man Eddie Foy, right down to the soft-shoe shuffle and affected lisp. A successful "single" in vaudeville, Foy meets and marries lovely Italian songstress Madeleine Morando (Milly Vitale). The union results in seven children, moving the Foys' priest to comment "we're running out of Holy water" after the seventh baptism. Hardly an ideal family man, Foy leaves Madeleine and her sister Clara (Angela Clarke) behind in their Connecticut home to raise the kids, while he rises to spectacular career height. Returning home after attending a testimonial for George M. Cohan (James Cagney, who played this unbilled cameo on the proviso that Hope turn over Cagney's salary to charity), Foy discovers that his wife has died of pneumonia. Months pass: Foy sulks in his rambling house, while his seven kids run roughshod. Foy's manager (George Tobias) suggests that the entire family be assembled into a vaudeville troupe called The Seven Little Foys. Though the kids are profoundly bereft of talent, the act gets by on its charm, and before long Foy is a bigger success than ever. But when Foy and the kids are booked into the Palace on Christmas Day, Aunt Clara decides that the kids are being cruelly exploited, and arranges for the authorities to arrest the act on charges of violating a state law barring children from singing and dancing. The authorities decide to drop the charges when the kids rally around their father, declaring their genuine love for him--but the deciding factor is a quick demonstration that the kids can't sing or dance to save their lives! The Seven Little Foys is a standard Hollywood whitewash job, emphasizing Eddie Foy's virtues (including his on-stage heroism during the infamous Iroquois Theatre fire of 1903) and soft-pedaling or ignoring his faults (e.g. his capacity for alcohol). Wisely, the scenes between Bob Hope and the seven children playing the Little Foys (including Father Knows Best's Billy Gray, The Real McCoys' Lydia Reed and Leave It to Beaver's Jerry Mathers) are refreshingly free of cloying sentiment. Also, Hope is a good enough natural actor to convince us that he deeply cares for his children without gooey effusions of emotion. The film's hands-down highlight is the "challenge dance" between Foy (Bob Hope) and Cohan (James Cagney)--a lasting testament of the superb terpsichorean talents of both men. The Seven Little Foys was narrated by Eddie's son Charley Foy, a fine comedian in his own right. Rating:


In Britain, what name is given to a trader who deals in buttons, thread, ribbon and other small articles used in the making of clothes?

List of Old English Occupations and descriptions ASSAY MASTER Determined the amount of gold or silver to go in coins ASSAYER Determined the proportions of metal in ore ATTORNEY A Lawyer AUCTIONEER Dealer. Person who sells goods at auction and is usually paid by commission on the sale. AUGER MAKER Someone who made the carpenters augers (used for boring holes in wood) AURIFABER A Goldsmith AXEMAN or AXMAN One who wields an axe. Woodsman. AXLE (AXEL)TREE MAKER or AXLE (AXEL) TREE TURNER Made axles for coaches and wagons BACK WASHER Employed to clean the wool in the worsted manufacturing industry BACKMANN or BACKSTER or BAXTER or BECK or BECKER A Baker BACK'US BOY A kitchen servant from the back of the house BADGER A licenced huckster (peddler (pedlar), hawker). A corn miller or dealer or an itinerant food trader. Travelling provisions dealer. Licensed pauper who wore a badge with the letter P on it and could only work in a defined area (the term "Badgering comes from this"). A petty jobber, or trickster. BAGMAN Travelling salesman BAGNIOKEEPER In charge of a bath house or brothel BAILIFF or BAILIE or BAILLIE or BAILLEE Officer of the sheriff, a land steward acting on behalf of the Landowner or Landlord and in Scotland a magistrate of the burgh, also looked after the fishing rights on certain rivers BAIRMAN or BAREMAN Pauper or beggar BAL MAIDEN or PIT BROW LASS A female mine worker who worked on the surface BALANCER The person, usually a boy, who operated the balance - a pulley where full tubs were pulled up a slope in a mine and emptied BALER A person who bales hay. In the mills one who bailed wool or cotton goods BALISTER Archer - most commonly a crossbowman BALLARD MASTER One in charge of loading the ballast into the hold of empty ships BALLAST HEAVER or BALLAST MAN Person who used to load ballast into the hold of empty ships BALLER or BALLER UP Person who measured out the balls of clay for the potter BAND FILER A metal worker in the gun making industry BANDSTER One who bound the wheat sheaves after harvest BANG BEGGAR An officer of the parish who controlled the length of stay of any stranger to the parish BANKER A person who dug trenches and ditches to allow drainage of the land, placing the surplus earth in banks around the edge BANKSMAN or BANK MANAGER Employed in the mining industry being in charge of the cages at the pit head BARBER or BARBER SURGEON A barber who also acted as a surgeon (an Act was passed that limited Barbers to hair-cutting, shaving, dentistry and blood letting in the 18th century) BARD Poet, writer or minstrel BAREMAN A beggar or pauper BARGE MATE Supervise or coordinate activities of crew aboard ships, boats, barges, or dredges: Naval officer BARGEE or BARGEMAN One who worked on or owned and operated a barge BARILLA MANUFACTURER Made barilla, a substance obtained from burning saltworts, the resulting mixture of sodium salts being used in the glass and ceramics industry BARKEEPER Another name for a tollkeeper or tavern keeper BARKER One who strips bark from trees. Also one who prepared leather with bark, a tanner BARKMAN Anyone who tanned leather using the bark of trees. BASIL WORKER Workers who used bark to tan the skins of lambs and sheep. The leather was called basil BASKETMAN Made baskets and furniture from wicker, a person employed to empty the basket of coal being off-loaded from the colliery into the barges BASS or BAST DRESSER Employed in dressing fibre or matting BATMAN Officers servant in the army BATT MAKER Mattress maker. Made the wadding used in quilt and mattress making BATTER OUT Sliced a short cylinder of clay and threw it onto a mold shaped for the face of a ceramic plate BATTLEDORE MAKER A person who made the (usually cane) beaters used on clothes, carpets etc to remove the dust. Very popular at spring cleaning time. BATTUERE A person who drives game from cover during a hunt BAUER German for Farmer BAYWEAVER or BAIZEWEAVER One who wove bay - a fine woollen fabric also known as baize BEAD PIERCER Employed to drill the holes in beads BEADLE or BEDEL or BEDELL Officer of the par


Which group sharing its name with a military aircraft had hits with 'Rock Lobster and 'The Love Shack'?

Untitled Document B-52s Athens, GA The B-52s are an American rock band, formed in Athens, Georgia in 1976. The original line-up consisted of Fred Schneider (vocals, cowbell), Kate Pierson (vocals, keyboards), Cindy Wilson (vocals, tambourine, bongos), Ricky Wilson (guitar), and Keith Strickland (drums). Following Ricky Wilson's death in 1985 Strickland switched to guitar. Then they added Tracy Wormworth (bass), Sterling Campbell (drums) and Paul Gordon (keyboards). Rooted in New Wave and 1960s rock and roll, the group later covered many genres ranging from post-punk to pop rock. The "guy vs. gals" vocals of Schneider, Pierson, and Wilson, sometimes used in call and response style ("Strobe Light," "Private Idaho", and "Good Stuff"), are a trademark. Presenting themselves as a positive, enthusiastic, slightly oddball party band, the B-52s tell tall tales, glorify wild youth, and celebrate wild romance. The band name had long been "The B-52's", until 2008 when they dropped the apostrophe and are now "The B-52s". The B-52s were formed when vocalist Cindy Wilson, her older brother and guitarist Ricky, organist and vocalist Kate Pierson, original drummer and percussionist Keith Strickland and cowbell player and vocalist Fred Schneider played an impromptu musical jam session after sharing a tropical Flaming Volcano drink at a local Chinese restaurant. They later played their first concert in 1977 at a Valentine's Day party for their friends. The band's name comes from a particular beehive hairdo resembling the nose cone of the aircraft of the same name. Keith Strickland suggested the name after a dream he had one night, of a band performing in a hotel lounge. In the dream he heard someone whisper in his ear that the name of the band was "The B-52s." The band's quirky take on the New Wave sound of their era was a combination of dance and surf music set apart from their contemporaries by the unusual guitar tunings used by Ricky Wilson and thrift-store chic. Their first single, "Rock Lobster", recorded for DB Records in 1978, was an underground success, selling over 2,000 copies in total that led to The B-52s performing at CBGB and Max's Kansas City in New York City. Two versions of the single were released in the United Kingdom; one featured the single in its original form, and the other featured the B-side "Running Around" in place of "52 Girls". The buzz created by the record in the UK meant their first show in London at the Electric Ballroom, London, was packed in anticipation, with many UK pop stars such as Green Gartside from Scritti Politti, Joe Jackson, and others in attendance. In Canada, released on the Warner Bros. label, the single went from cult hit to bonafide smash, eventually going on to reach the No. 1 position in the RPM-compiled national chart on May 24, 1980. In 1979 The B-52s signed contracts with Warner Bros. Records for North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand; and with Island Records for the UK, Europe, and Asia. Chris Blackwell, founder of Island, produced their debut studio album. Recorded at Blackwell's Compass Point Studios in The Bahamas, and released on July 6, 1979, The B-52's contained re-recorded versions of "Rock Lobster" and "52 Girls", six originals recorded solely for the album, and a remake of the Petula Clark single "Downtown". It was a major success for the band, especially in Australia where it reached number three on the charts alongside its three singles "Planet Claire", "Rock Lobster", and "Dance This Mess Around". In the United States, the single "Rock Lobster" reached the Billboard Hot 100 chart, while the album itself was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The follow-up, Wild Planet, reached number eighteen on the Billboard 200 chart in 1980 and was certified gold. "Private Idaho" became their second Hot 100 entry. On January 26, 1980, The B-52s performed on Saturday Night Live. They also performed at the Heatwave festival (billed as the "New Wave Woodstock") in Toronto, Canada in August 1980; and appeared in the Paul Simon film One Tr


On children's television, which character lives in the fictional town of Pontypandy?

Fireman Sam: the worst children’s programme ever? | Dean Burnett | Science | The Guardian Brain flapping Fireman Sam: the worst children’s programme ever? Fireman Sam is a popular, long-running children’s TV show. It is also, scientifically speaking, possibly the worst TV show for children ever Even in cake form, you can sense the darkness inherent within him. Photograph: Tama Leaver/flickr Friday 7 February 2014 02.15 EST Last modified on Wednesday 10 February 2016 11.24 EST Share on Messenger Close Fireman Sam is a well loved children’s TV character. His adventures have been popular for nearly 30 years . For those of you unfamiliar with the programme, it focuses on the exploits of the eponymous fireman and his colleagues in the small Welsh valley town of Pontypandy. The Pontypandy fire brigade are regularly called out to deal with relatively low-key but still-potentially-dangerous mishaps that plague the town, usually due to the antics of local child Norman Price . Granted, it was never without its flaws. Even as children my friends and I were suspicious of the number of emergencies Pontypandy experienced, especially in a town with an apparent population of 23, over 25% of whom are actually firemen . And it was always a bit suspect how the closest thing they had to a protagonist, the aforementioned Norman Price, was singled out as the only ginger child, implying that red hair is directly correlated with mischief and untrustworthiness. But for all that, I loved it. It was a delightfully charming stop-motion cartoon made in Wales, so there was even a sense of national pride mixed in with the enjoyment of an easy-to-relate-to set of characters and circumstances. I’m a grown man now though. Until I had my son nearly 2 years ago, I had no idea it was still on. I’ve watched it since, and really wish I hadn’t. I’m a trained scientist now and as a result there is too much evidence to ignore the inevitable conclusion: something has gone terribly wrong in Pontypandy. As a former fan and Welshman, my disappointment is tinged with the bitterness of betrayal. I’ve hinted at this before , and it would be a ludicrous exercise to list all my problems with the show here. But then, this blog has a ludicrous premise, so what the hell? Stop motion to CGI The original Fireman Sam was animated in the 1980s using charming stop-motion . These days it’s done with CGI . I know CGI is all the rage and offers more scope than other techniques, but it’s so omnipresent these days that cheap, less sophisticated CGI becomes more noticeable. And whoever it is that makes the modern Fireman Sam, they certainly are no Pixar . Sam’s vanity In fairness, Sam was always the focus of the show for reasons that were never that clear. Station Officer Steele is the chief of the fire service, and Sam appears to be no more senior or dedicated than any of his colleagues. But it’s typical for one member of a group to be the spokesperson or the popular one, just by dint of being the most charming or friendly or what have you, and this always seemed to be the case originally. The latest incarnation takes this to extremes though. Sam now looks and sounds more like a stripper who happens to be wearing the fireman’s outfit for this particular booking. All the characters now specifically say they’ll call Sam. Not the fire brigade or the emergency services; Sam specifically. And I've not witnessed one occasion where he tackles an issue single-handed. Yet he’s happy to take the credit, never correcting anyone when they thank him specifically, when his colleagues have all risked their lives as much as he has. His fellow firefighters once sang a song praising him specifically in front of the whole town and he just accepted this as normal. Part of me thinks he causes all of the calamities himself, for the attention. He’s probably got Munchausen by proxy , but with an entire town. Elvis’s mental condition Previously, fireman Elvis Cridlington was a perfectly competent individual, as you’d expect from someone employed in the emergency services whose role would likely involve savin


According to legend Romulus and Remus, founders of the city of Rome, were raised by a she-wolf and fed by what bird?

Romulus and Remus - Ancient History Encyclopedia Romulus and Remus by Brittany Garcia published on 04 October 2013 In Roman mythology , Romulus and his twin brother Remus were the children of Rhea Silvia and Mars (or in some variations the demi-god hero Hercules ). Romulus and Remus are best known for being the founders of the city of Rome . Their story is recorded by many authors including Virgil who claims their birth and adventures were fated in order for Rome to be founded. The Birth & Parentage of Romulus & Remus Romulus and Remus were the direct descendants of Aeneas, whose fate-driven adventures to discover Italy are described by Virgil in The Aeneid . Romulus and Remus were related to Aeneas through their mother's father, Numitor. Numitor was a king of Alba Longa, an ancient city of Latium in central Italy, and father to Rhea Silvia. Before Romulus' and Remus' conception, Numitor's reign was usurped by Nimitor's younger brother, Amulius. Amulius inherited control over Alba Longa's treasury with which he was able to dethrone Numitor and become king. Amulius, wishing to avoid any conflict of power, killed Nimitor's male heirs and forced Rhea Silvia to become a Vestal Virgin . Vestal Virgins were priestesses of Vesta , patron goddess of the hearth; they were charged with keeping a sacred fire that was never to be extinguished and to take vows of chastity. Remove Ads Advertisement There is much debate and variation as to whom was the father of Romulus and Remus. Some myths claim that Mars appeared and lay with Rhea Silvia; other myths attest that the demi-god hero Hercules was her partner. However, the author Livy claims that Rhea Silvia was in fact raped by an unknown man, but blamed her pregnancy on divine conception. In either case, Rhea Silvia was discovered to be pregnant and gave birth to her sons. It was custom that any Vestal Virgin betraying her vows of celibacy was condemned to death; the most common death sentence was to be buried alive. However, King Amulius, fearing the wrath of the paternal god (Mars or Hercules) did not wish to directly stain his hands with the mother's and children's blood. So, King Amulius imprisoned Rhea Silvia and ordered the twins' death by means of live burial , exposure, or being thrown into the Tiber River. He reasoned that if the twins were to die not by the sword but by the elements, he and his city would be saved from punishment by the gods. He ordered a servant to carry out the death sentence, but in every scenario of this myth, the servant takes pity on the twins and spares their lives. The servant, then, places the twins into a basket onto the River Tiber, and the river carries the boys to safety. The twins were first discovered by a she-wolf or lupa, who suckled them, and they were fed by a wood-pecker or picus. The Discovery of Romulus & Remus The river god Tibernus ensured their safety by calming the river, and he caused their basket to catch in the roots of a nearby fig tree. The tree was located at the base of the Palatine Hill in the Velabrum swamp. The twins were first discovered by a she-wolf or lupa, who suckled them and they were fed by a wood-pecker or picus. Eventually, they were discovered and cared for by a shepherd and his wife: Faustulus and Acca Larentia.The two boys grew up to be shepherds like their adoptive father. One day while they were herding their sheep, they were met by shepherds of King Amulius. These shepherds started a fight with Romulus and Remus in which Remus was captured and taken before King Amulius. Romulus gathered and incited a band of local shepherds to join him in rescuing his brother. King Amulius believed that Rhea Silvia's children were dead; he did not recognize Remus or Romulus. Romulus freed his brother, and in the process killed King Amulius. Romulus & Remus Begin to Quarrel After Amulius' death, the brothers rejected the citizens' offer of the crown of Alba Longa and instead reinstated Nimitor as king. They left Alba Longa seeking to found their own city, and each set out to find the best locale. The brothers quarrelled over


On which river in Germany does Heidelberg stand?

The Neckar River - Germany's Wet, Wonderful, And Wild Fellow The Neckar River — Germany’s Wet, Wonderful, Wild Fellow Before the 367km or 228 mile length of the Neckar River becomes lost in the Rhine at Mannheim , it more than does justice to its name. Neckar, in Germany, translates roughly as “a wild fellow.” The Neckar River plunges from its source 706m or 2100 feet above sea level near the Black Forest town of Villingen-Schwenningen , through the Odenwald hills . Beginning at the town of Heilbronn , the Neckar carves a valley (the Neckartal) through the Odenwald. Here, in the Middle Ages, something very much like a protection racket went on. Royalty would build their castles on crags above the valley floor, for the alleged purpose of protecting the merchants who shipped their goods on the river from pirates. The merchants were required to pay tolls for the use of the river, with the assurance that they would indeed be protected. Whether or not pirates actually existed is a question left to history! Today, you can explore the Neckar Valley by train, bus, bicycle (the Castle Road a.k.a Burgenstraße passes through it) or ferry. Just to the south of Heilbronn, on a land once cultivated by both the Celts and Romans, is the town of Bad Wimpfen . Nearly wiped out in the Thirty Years’ War , Bad Wimpfen today has saltwater springs flowing as freely as they ever did, making it a great spa weekend getaway. Take in the pair of Luther Bibles at the Kirchenhistorisches Museum and the world’s only Pig Museum (in Germany, pigs bring good luck! ;-). If you won’t turn blue from the effort, climb the Blauer Turm’s (Blue Tower) 167 steps for a dizzying view of the Neckertal! Entering the town of Tübingen , you may encounter sculls powered by enthusiastic students, as they have been for five centuries. The “wild fellows” of the university, however, faced imprisonment in Universitätskarzer (University Prison) until it was closed in 1845! A touch of the wild returns to Tübingen on the weekends during dance parties at the local clubs. Just 5 miles/14km upstream from Heidelberg , the Neckar runs through Neckarsteinach, a small village made important by its four castles! Two of them are only ruins, but two, on the western side of the town, have been restored to their royal glory. Tip: A footpath, the Burgenweg, leads up to all four. Unfortunately the interiors of both restored castles are closed to the public, but at the third, the Hinterburg, you’ll get a spectacular look at the valley below. The most famous of all the Neckar River’s castles, of course, is the Schloss at Heidelberg. Plenty of wild fellows, including Goethe, Friedrich Hölderlin, Victor Hugo, and even Mark Twain were suitably impressed by the crumbling edifice. The perfect symbol for Heidelburg, though, may be the Schloss’ Großes Fass. The world’s largest wine barrel (big enough to have a dance floor on its top), it holds almost 220,000 liters (58000 gallons) of wine. That’s more than enough to supply the biggest party Heidelberg’s Marktplatz has ever seen! ;-) Again, the Neckar surrenders its wildness at Mannheim , a planned community, the streets of which are named only with letters and numbers for the sake of efficiency. The port at Mannheim is one of Europe’s busiest, and the town is the Neckar Valley’s commercial center. Witness a bit of that commerce at one of the thrice-weekly markets in the Marktplatz, or head for the wonderful Art Nouveau Friedrichsplatz and the 200-foot (60m) Wasserturm. Crowned by a figure of Poseidon’s (the god of the sea) wife Amphitrite, it’s the most over-the-top water tower in a land famous for its over-the-top water towers. Could there be any better way to bid farewell to the wild and wonderful Neckar? I sure do enjoy my time whenever I’m here. :-)


Of the original Cinque Ports, which was the only one not in Kent?

Cinque Ports | historical towns, England, United Kingdom | Britannica.com historical towns, England, United Kingdom Written By: Sandwich Cinque Ports, (     French: Five Ports) medieval confederation of English Channel ports in southeastern England , formed to furnish ships and men for the king’s service. To the original five ports— Sandwich , Dover , Hythe , New Romney , and Hastings —were later added the “ancient towns” of Winchelsea and Rye with the privileges of “head ports.” More than 30 other towns in the counties of Kent and Sussex were also attached. Until the 14th century the Cinque Ports provided the permanent nucleus of the royal fleet. They were probably first associated in the reign (1042–66) of Edward the Confessor for the defense of the coast and cross-channel passage. After the Norman Conquest of 1066, their importance grew, and, in return for ship service, their privileges were increased to reach their zenith in the 13th and 14th centuries. They were first jointly granted liberties by charter in 1278. After the 14th century they lost their monopoly, and, although they continued to contribute to the navy, this function was unimportant by the time of the threat of invasion by the Spanish Armada in 1588. Their decline was accelerated by encroachment by the sea on the coastline and silting at other places, and today only Dover remains an important port. Port of Dover, Kent, England. It was one of the original Cinque Ports in medieval times. Remi Jouan Most of their peculiar jurisdiction was abolished in 1855, and only jurisdiction in Admiralty survives. In addition to the towns named above, the other members of the confederation (known as limbs) are Lydd , Faversham , Folkestone , Deal , Tenterden, Margate , and Ramsgate , all in the county of Kent. The highest officer of the Cinque Ports is the lord warden, who is also constable of Dover Castle and has Walmer Castle as his official residence. Learn More in these related articles:


Mary Todd became the wife of which President of the U.S.A.?

Mary Todd Lincoln | whitehouse.gov Air Force One Mary Todd Lincoln Mary Ann Todd Lincoln was the wife of the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. She served as First Lady from 1861 until his assassination in 1865 at Ford's Theatre. As a girlhood companion remembered her, Mary Todd was vivacious and impulsive, with an interesting personality--but "she now and then could not restrain a witty, sarcastic speech that cut deeper than she intended...." A young lawyer summed her up in 1840: "the very creature of excitement." All of these attributes marked her life, bringing her both happiness and tragedy. Daughter of Eliza Parker and Robert Smith Todd, pioneer settlers of Kentucky, Mary lost her mother before the age of seven. Her father remarried; and Mary remembered her childhood as "desolate" although she belonged to the aristocracy of Lexington, with high-spirited social life and a sound private education. Just 5 feet 2 inches at maturity, Mary had clear blue eyes, long lashes, light-brown hair with glints of bronze, and a lovely complexion. She danced gracefully, she loved finery, and her crisp intelligence polished the wiles of a Southern coquette. Nearly 21, she went to Springfield, Illinois, to live with her sister Mrs. Ninian Edwards. Here she met Abraham Lincoln--in his own words, "a poor nobody then." Three years later, after a stormy courtship and broken engagement, they were married. Though opposites in background and temperament, they were united by an enduring love--by Mary's confidence in her husband's ability and his gentle consideration of her excitable ways. Their years in Springfield brought hard work, a family of boys, and reduced circumstances to the pleasure-loving girl who had never felt responsibility before. Lincoln's single term in Congress, for 1847-1849, gave Mary and the boys a winter in Washington, but scant opportunity for social life. Finally her unwavering faith in her husband won ample justification with his election as President in 1860. Though her position fulfilled her high social ambitions, Mrs. Lincoln's years in the White House mingled misery with triumph. An orgy of spending stirred resentful comment. While the Civil War dragged on, Southerners scorned her as a traitor to her birth, and citizens loyal to the Union suspected her of treason. When she entertained, critics accused her of unpatriotic extravagance. When, utterly distraught, she curtailed her entertaining after her son Willie's death in 1862, they accused her of shirking her social duties. Yet Lincoln, watching her put her guests at ease during a White House reception, could say happily: "My wife is as handsome as when she was a girl, and I...fell in love with her; and what is more, I have never fallen out." Her husband's assassination in 1865 shattered Mary Todd Lincoln. The next 17 years held nothing but sorrow. With her son "Tad" she traveled abroad in search of health, tortured by distorted ideas of her financial situation. After Tad died in 1871, she slipped into a world of illusion where poverty and murder pursued her. A misunderstood and tragic figure, she passed away in 1882 at her sister's home in Springfield--the same house from which she had walked as the bride of Abraham Lincoln, 40 years before. The biographies of the First Ladies on WhiteHouse.gov are from “The First Ladies of the United States of America,” by Allida Black. Copyright 2009 by the White House Historical Association. Learn more about Mary Todd Lincoln's spouse, Abraham Lincoln .


In the Bible, Daniel was thrown to the lions for refusing to worship which king?

7. The Deliverance of Daniel and Darius (Daniel 6:1-28) | Bible.org 7. The Deliverance of Daniel and Darius (Daniel 6:1-28) Introduction A friend of mine once remarked, “A lot of crimes are not sins, and a lot of sins are not crimes.” Our text indicates he was absolutely right. In the sixth chapter of Daniel, this righteous man is convicted of a crime which is not a sin. Daniel purposefully committed this crime because he did not wish to commit a sin, which was not a crime. Daniel’s deliverance from the lion’s den, one of the most popular and well-known Bible stories, is not the first great deliverance in the Book of Daniel, but it is the best loved. Daniel and his three friends are divinely delivered in chapter 1 from a confrontation with the Babylonian government and Nebuchadnezzar its king. While these four godly Hebrews were willing to be called by Babylonian names, attend Babylonian schools, and even work for a Babylonian government, they were not willing to eat the food served at the king’s table. God granted these men favor in the eyes of their foreign superiors, and they were allowed to eat vegetables, rather than the food set aside for them by their king. Because of their faithfulness, God gave these men an extra measure of wisdom, greatly impressing king Nebuchadnezzar, who gave them positions of influence and responsibility in his kingdom. In chapter 2, once again God delivered Daniel and his three friends. King Nebuchadnezzar had a dream he could not understand; neither could his counselors and wise men reveal or interpret the dream. In anger, the king commanded the execution of all the wise men of the land, including Daniel and his friends. In the providence of God, Daniel learned of the king’s dilemma and was able to reveal to the king his dream and its meaning, sparing his own life and the lives of the other Babylonian wise men. In chapter 3, Nebuchadnezzar created a great golden image, before which the people of all nations were to bow in worship. Daniel’s three friends refused to bow down. Again in anger, Nebuchadnezzar threatened them with death if they did not obey his decree. Refusing to obey, they were thrown into a fiery furnace. God was present with them there and preserved them from death, injury, and even the smell of fire. The king was so impressed he issued a decree guaranteeing the Jews freedom to worship their God without hindrance. Chapter 4 speaks of Nebuchadnezzar’s deliverance. He is delivered from his pride and oppression when, for a period, his sanity and kingdom are removed from him, and he must live like a beast of the field. From his own testimony, it appears he came to genuine repentance and saving faith as a result of God’s working in his life. Chapter 5 witnesses Belshazzar’s condemnation in contrast to Nebuchadnezzar’s conversion in chapter 4. Because of his rejection of the truth, and his blasphemy against the God of Israel, only one day in the life of Belshazzar is recorded in Scripture, only to announce his condemnation and death. Now, in chapter 6, Daniel’s life is in danger, and he will experience God’s deliverance. Daniel 1 reveals what set Daniel apart from the rest of his Jewish peers and brought him to a position of prominence and power in king Nebuchadnezzar’s administration. But chapter 6 identifies what sustained Daniel over the many years of his ministry and enabled him to survive the crises of his life. While Daniel deservedly commands center stage of our text, much can be learned from King Darius and even Daniel’s peers, who seek to arrange his downfall and destruction. Once again in the Book of Daniel, we are reminded that God is able to deliver His people, even in a distant land. The inspired and inspiring words of our text have much to teach us. Daniel in the Critics Den Two books which share the same title are entitled Daniel in the Critics Den. Correctly, two Christian authors have compared Daniel’s experience in the lion’s den to the critics’ attack on the Book of Daniel itself. Chapter 6 is one of the portions under heaviest attack. A message as important


Which English monarch was on the throne at the beginning of the Hundred Years War?

The Hundred Years' War About Watch and Favorite Watch Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. Favorite Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the “My Resources” tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you’re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. The Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France for control of the French throne. Learning Objective Discuss the three phases of conflict in the Hundred Years' War and Joan of Arc's role in it Key Points The root causes of the conflict can be found in the demographic, economic, and social crises of 14th-century Europe. The outbreak of war was motivated by a gradual rise in tension between the kings of France and England about Guyenne, Flanders, and Scotland. The Hundred Years' War is commonly divided into three phases separated by truces: the Edwardian Era War (1337–1360); the Caroline War (1369–1389); and the Lancastrian War (1415–1453). The Edwardian War was driven by Edward III's ambition to maintain sovereignty in Aquitaine and assert his claim as the rightful king of France by unseating his rival, Philip VI of France. The Caroline War was named after Charles V of France, who resumed the war after the Treaty of Brétigny . The Lancastrian War was the third phase of the Anglo-French Hundred Years' War. It lasted from 1415, when Henry V of England invaded Normandy, to 1453, when the English failed to recover Bordeaux. Joan of Arc was a French peasant woman who had visions commanding her to drive out the invaders. She inspired the French troops, and they retook many French cities held by the English. Joan was burned at the stake and, 25 years after her death, declared a martyr. Terms Full Text Background In the 13th century, after the Magna Carta failed to prevent the Baron Wars, King John and his son King Henry III's reigns were characterized by numerous rebellions and civil wars, often provoked by incompetence and mismanagement in government. The reign of Henry III's son Edward I (1272–1307), was rather more successful. Edward enacted numerous laws strengthening the powers of his government, and he summoned the first officially sanctioned Parliaments of England. He conquered Wales and attempted to use a succession dispute to gain control of the Kingdom of Scotland, though this developed into a costly and drawn-out military campaign. After the disastrous reign of Edward II, which saw military losses and the Great Famine , Edward III reigned from 1327–1377, restoring royal authority and transforming the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe. His reign saw vital developments in legislature and government—in particular the evolution of the English parliament—as well as the ravages of the Black Death . After defeating, but not subjugating, the Kingdom of Scotland, he declared himself rightful heir to the French throne in 1338, but his claim was denied. This started what would become known as the Hundred Years' War. The Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War is the term used to describe a series of conflicts from 1337 to 1453, between the rulers of the Kingdom of England and the House of Valois for control of the French throne. These 116 years saw a great deal of battle on the continent, most of it over disputes as to which family line should rightfully be upon the throne of France. By the end of the Hundred Years' War, the population of France was about half what it had been before the era began. The root causes of the conflict can be found in the demographic, economic, and social crises of 14th-century Europe. The outbreak of war was motivated by a gradual rise in tension between the kings of France and England about Guyenne, Flanders, and Scotland. The dynastic question, which arose due to an interruption of the direct male line of the Capetians, was the official pretext. The dispute over Guyenne is even more import


Name the year Russia shoots down U2 spy plane; France becomes the world's 4th nuclear power and Adolf Eichmann is captured by the Israelis in Buenos Aires.

Allen Dulles: America’s Greatest Spymaster and Traitor; Illuminati Agentur | Allen Dulles: America’s Greatest Spymaster and Traitor; Illuminati Agentur Compiled by Dr. Eric T. Karlstrom, April, 2016 Contents: I. Allen Dulles: family, professional and organizational affiliations: II. Fascism defined III. Family background of Allen Dulles IV. Allen Dulles’ Early Career (1917-1930): World War I, Paris Peace Conference, Treaty of Versailles, Council on Foreign Relations, the CFR’s ‘War and Peace Studies Project,’ the Rockefeller-Harriman-Bush-Dulles faction V. Pre-WWII, the “Great Game,” the “German Experiment,” the “Hitler Project,” Wall Street’s re-arming of Germany, the Milner Group, and the Rockefeller-Harriman-Bush-Dulles faction VI. World War II and the Rockefeller-Harriman-Bush-Dulles faction: VII. Pre- and Post-World War II American-Nazi Collusion, Operation Sunrise, the OSS-CIA, Deputy Director of CIA VIII. 1933: Judea Declares War on Germany, then entices Hitler to sign the Transfer Agreement IX.  1934: Attempted Fascist Coup Against President Roosevelt X. The New American Empire; CFR’s ‘War and Peace Studies Project’ and The American Security Council XI: Operations Overcast, Paperclip, and MKULTRA, the Vatican “ratlines,” and the P2 Lodge XII: “Separate Peace” between the US and the Nazis, the “two CIAs,” and the Immediate Post-WWII years XIII. Operation Safehaven (Cleansing the Record of Nazi/American corporate collaboration) and the Marshall Plan XIV. The Central Intelligence Group and the Early CIA XV.  Odessa, Post-WWII Election Subversions in Italy and Greece, Rockefeller-CIA-Mafia-Vatican-Nazi Gold Connections XVI. 1951-1953: Dulles, the CIA, the European Union, and the “Special Group” XVII: 1952: Allen Dulles and Martin Bormann (Number 2 Nazi) created business network! XVIII: Dulles, Drugs, MKULTRA Mind Control Operations, and the Concocted “Counterculture” XIX: Operation Mockingbird XX: 1952-1954: CIA Takes over Drug Trade in SE Asia and Foments War in Vietnam XXI. 1953: Coup in Iran (Operation Ajax) by CIA/British/Rockefellers XXII: 1954: “Operation PBSUCCESS,” CIA’s Coup in Guatemala XXIII. Dulles and Senator Joseph McCarthy XXIV. Dulles and the U2 “spy plane” incident XXV: Dulles and CIA Cooperation with the Israeli Mossad XXVI: 1957: CIA’s War in Indonesia (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia) XXVII: Dulles a member of “The Second Team” XXVIII. 1961: CIA Assassination of Dominican Republic President, Rafael Trujillo XXIX. 1961: Assassination of Congo President, Patrice Lumumba XXX. CIA Assassination Attempts on Cuba’s Fidel Castro XXXI: 1961: Failed Assassination Attempt on French President Charles de Gaulle XXXII. November, 1961: Dulles Fired as CIA Director XXXIII. November, 1963: CIA/Mossad Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and Cover-up XXXIV: The Warren (Dulles) Commission Cover-Up of JFK Assassination XXXV: The Dulles Legacy Epigraph quotes: And you shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free. John 8:32 (as taken out of context, selected as the CIA motto by Allen W. Dulles, son of a Presbyterian minister. John 8:31-32 reads: … ”If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed; And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.” (KJV).) It is error alone that needs the support of government. Truth can stand by itself. Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson attempted to warn the American people about internal conspiracies when he stated: “Single acts of tyranny may be ascribed to the accidental opinion of the day, but a series of oppression, begun at a distinguished period and pursued unalterably through every change of ministers, too plainly prove a deliberate, systematical plan of reducing us to slavery.” Epperson, 1985, “The Unseen Hand” Direct actions taken by the Harriman-Bush shipping line in 1932 and by the Dulles brothers in January, 1933, are the two gravest (and most treasonous) actions ever taken against the United States and humanity in the 20th century. Those actions led directly to the seizure of power by the Nazis, pl


Which English composer produced the operas 'Artaxerxes', 'Love in a Village' and the 'Fairy Prince' in the decade 1761 to 1771?

Project MUSE - Arne, Handel, the Beautiful, and the Sublime Arne, Handel, the Beautiful, and the Sublime Todd Gilman (bio) Abstract Although Thomas Arne (1710–78) was the greatest native-born English composer of his day, today he is largely forgotten. Arne's loss of reputation can be traced to the lasting effect on nineteenth-century critical aesthetics of the eighteenth-century distinction between the beautiful and the sublime as applied to music. Critics and audiences regarded Arne in aesthetic terms as an exemplar of the musically beautiful during his lifetime and long after; however, they regarded Handel as exemplifying the musical sublime, the highest peak to which music could ascend, and this aesthetic hierarchy persisted well into the nineteenth century. George Frideric Handel, the great German composer, has become synonymous with music in eighteenth-century London if not in Britain as a whole. Although the foreign-born master's towering presence tends to obscure all others, we should remember that Thomas Augustine Arne (1710–78) is considered the greatest native-born English opera composer of his day as well as the most popular composer of songs for the London theater and pleasure gardens. Arne composed a myriad of songs, cantatas, and instrumental compositions in addition to music for over one hundred stage works, and his influence long outlived him. In the late eighteenth century Dr. Charles Burney, the great historian of music, stated that English vocal music, which "seems to have remained stationary for near half a century," was greatly improved "by the compositions and instructions of Dr. Arne, who endeavoured to refine our melody and singing, more from Italian than English models." 1 In 1825 another prolific music historian, Dr. Thomas Busby—also a successful theatrical composer, organist, and talented translator and poet 2 —stated that Arne "begat a partiality for that flowing, sweet, and lucid style of melody, which captivates the ear by the simplicity of its motivo, and satisfies the understanding by the truth and emphasis of its expression. It long guided, or governed, the genius of inferior composers . . . and settled a manner which, more justly than any other, may be denominated English." 3 Arne's comic opera Love in a Village (1762) began a vogue for English pastiche opera that flourished well into the next century; his opera Artaxerxes (1762) became the first successful all-sung English opera and held that distinction [End Page 529] until late Victorian times; and for no less than fifty years after his death Arne's vocal style dominated English music. 4 Beethoven, who may or may not have known anything of the Englishman, composed both a collection of five variations for piano (1804) and the first movement of his Opus 91, known as the Battle Symphony, or Wellington's Victory [Wellingtons Sieg, oder Die Schlacht bei Vittoria] (1816) on the tune of Arne's patriotic song "Rule, Britannia." The latter was performed at a concert in Vienna in 1813 for the benefit of soldiers wounded at Hanau, and in 1814 during the Vienna Congress, both times conducted by the composer. Wagner, who also may or may not have known much about Arne, opined that the first eight notes of "Rule, Britannia" embodied the whole character of the British people, and he penned an overture with that tune as the motif. This tribute to the English nation was performed at Königsberg and again at Riga in 1837, on both occasions under his direction. 5 Thomas Attwood used the tune in his coronation anthem for George IV, "I was glad" (1821), and Sir Alexander Mackenzie incorporated it into his Britannia overture in 1894. 6 Arne's reputation, like his influence, persevered with fellow musicians as well as with audiences long after his death. In 1800 Charles Dibdin wrote in his Complete History of the English Stage that Arne's "genius, mind, understanding, and knowledge were superlative," and that Artaxerxes—said to be Haydn's favorite opera 7 —was "perhaps, the greatest musical production in its way in this or any other country." 8 As late as 18


Marcus Bentley provides the voice-over for which TV show?

Marcus Bentley - IMDb IMDb Actor Marcus Bentley was born on October 4, 1967 in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. He is an actor, known for Celebrity Big Brother (2001), Big Brother (2000) and The Academy (2001). He is married to Julie. They have three children. See full bio » Born:


Which boxer's image appeared on the cover of the Band on the Run album?

h2g2 - 'Band on the Run' - the Cover Stars - Edited Entry 1 Conversation The cover of Paul McCartney and Wings' 1 1973 album Band on the Run featured a number of stars of the day posing with the band. In the words of Paul, this mish-mash of celebrity was 'a bit of a laugh.' It is a pastiche of a prison break with the figures caught in a searchlight. So who were these faces and what has become of them? On the sleeve, band members and guest stars are all mixed up but, from left to right, they are Michael Parkinson, Kenny Lynch, Paul McCartney, James Coburn, Clement Freud, Linda McCartney, Christopher Lee, Denny Laine and John Conteh. The Band Sir Paul McCartney Paul had formed Wings after the split of The Beatles . He was getting used to being no longer part of the most successful band in the world. Wings, of course, could be nowhere near as successful as The Beatles had been, but this album restored some of Paul's rapidly-flagging credibility. Paul went on to have a highly successful solo career and has ventured into writing classical pieces. In 1984 his first classical piece was 'Eleanor's Dream', with the 'Liverpool Oratorio' becoming his first full-length piece, followed by 'Standing Stone'. He has, however, yet to learn how to write musical notation. His 2002 tour caused controversy when he decided to recredit the old Beatles' tracks he performed, naming the main or only writer first, so that his tracks were credited McCartney/Lennon. Hence he broke the long-standing agreement that songs be credited Lennon/McCartney. Linda McCartney New York-born Linda Eastman was a photo journalist for Rolling Stone magazine when, in the late 1960s, she took a series of pictures of The Beatles. She fell in love with Paul and broke the hearts of many girls the world over by becoming Mrs McCartney. John Lennon also blamed her for the split-up of The Beatles. Critics say that Linda was only a member of Wings because she was Paul's wife, although she had some musical credibility with her keyboard playing. She and Paul spent only one night of their married life apart, when he had been arrested in Japan for carrying cannabis. Together with Paul she had a family of four children. As well as continuing with her photography she was an advocate for vegetarianism and animal rights, supporting charities such as Lynx (the UK anti-fur lobby) and PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). Following the success of her 1989 book Linda McCartney's Home Cooking she set up her own company producing vegetarian ready meals. She died of cancer in 1998. Denny Laine Denny had been in a variety of bands before teaming up with the McCartneys in Wings. Most famously he was guitarist and vocalist for The Moody Blues who, despite only releasing one album, remain famous thanks to their lyrical version of 'Go Now' 2 , a tune that is associated very much with the 1960s era. He was also in an early line-up of the band Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). After the incident in Japan, Wings never reunited. Paul branched out on a solo career, and so did Denny. His first effort, in a McCartneyesque moment, included his wife Jo Jo on vocals, as well as Wings drummer Steve Holly. The Denny Laine Band, as they became, only appeared on Denny's album Japanese Tears, did a tour and appeared on various TV shows - they never released an album. Several failed projects followed, along with a few solo albums, before he returned in 1994 to release four solo albums and become part of the original line-up of World Famous Rockers along with Spencer Davis (vocals, guitar ), Michael Monarch (guitar), Randy Meisner ( bass ), Nick St Nicholas (bass) and Bruce Gary ( drums 3 ). The Others James Coburn Coburn had been the star of several TV series, including Klondike and Acapulco in the 1960s, as well as making his film breakthrough in Our Man Flint. He carried on performing in a number of character roles in major dramas and comedic films. He had roles in Maverick (1994) and The Nutty Professor (1998), but he crowned his acting career when he received an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor i