What name is given to the boards which protect the ends of the roof timbers at the gable end of a house?

Roofing - a glossary of terms associated with home roofing Barge boards - Batten - Counter batten - Dormer - Eaves - Fascia - Felt roof (Cold) - Felt roof (Hot) - Flashing - Flat Roof - Gable - Gauge - Hip - Hip board - Hip end - Margin - Nail sickness - Rafter - Ridge - Ridge board - Ridge tile - Sarking - Sarking board - Slate - Soffit - Tiles (interlocking) - Tiles (plain) - Tingle - Truss - Underfelt - Valley - Verge   Barge boards - Decorative boards mounted under the roofing at a gable end - traditionally timber, nowadays usually uPVC. They may be mounted flash on the end wall or stood off on an overhanging framework with a soffit underneath. Batten - A length of timber (usually tanalised, 40 x 20mm (1.5 x ¾ inch) sawn timber - but may vary according to roofing cover) mounted horizontally across the rafters to locate and/or secure the tiles or slates. Counter batten - A batten mounted vertically up the roof along the lines of the rafters - normally used where the roof frame has been boarded to give a space when the underfelt and battens are fixed. Dormer - A vertical window built into the slope of a pitched roof. Eaves - The area just below the lower end of the roof - includes the fascia, soffit and guttering. Fascia - The vertical board secured to the ends of the rafters under the lower end of the roof to which the guttering is normally fixed - traditionally timber, nowadays usually uPVC. Felt roof - Cold - Normally a two or three layers system for boarded flat roofs using cold applied adhesive. Each layer has traditionally been bitumen based, however high performance polymer based materials are available which offer better performance. Usually for bitumen based materials, the first layer is just nailed to the roof boarding, the middle and top layers are glued with the top layer being covered in protective mineral chippings - should be good for at least 10 years. Felt roof - Hot - Normally a two or three layers system for boarded flat roofs using hot bitumen or a flame torch. Each layer has traditionally been bitumen based, however high performance polymer based materials are available which offer better performance. Usually for bitumen based materials, all the layers are put down using hot bitumen or a flame torch with the top layer being covered in protective mineral chippings or painted with a solar reflective protective coating. Flashing - A weather seal, usually lead or zinc, made where part of the roof abuts a vertical surface - one side of the flashing is normally embedded in a joint between two rows of bricks, the other side being shaped to fit onto the roof surface. Plain flashing is where the roof meets the vertical surface horizontally. Stepped flashing is where the roof meets the vertical surface at an angle - the steps in the flashing align with the joints of different courses in the brickwork Flat Roof - A roof which has negligible slope, usually covered in felt, metal, or other material which is impermeable to water. Gable - The vertical wall at the end of a pitched roof, an inverted 'V'. Gauge - The measurement between the roof battens for positioning the slates or tiles, the minimum gauge is normally specified by the manufacturer/supplier - although a different meaning, the measurement is the same as the margin . Hip - A sloping ridge formed by the junction of a pitched roof and a hip end. Hip board - The board along the line of a hip from the fascia to the ridge of the pitch. Hip end - A sloping end to a pitched roof which is covered with slates or tiles. Margin - The exposed area of a slate or tile - usually the minimum is quoted by the manufacturer/supplier and may vary for a given slate/tile depending on slope of the roof and exposure - although a different meaning, the measurement is the same as the gauge .. Nail Sickness - Associated with slate roofs when the nails have corroded to such a state that they fail to hold the slates. Usually it starts with one or two displaced slates being observed but, as the whole roof was probably covered at the same time using the same type of nails, the prob


During which astronomical phenomenon, would a person see Baily's Beads?

Eclipse - Bailey's Beads ECLIPSE - BAILEY'S BEADS Near the beginning and end of total solar eclipse, the thin slice of the Sun visible appears broken up into beads of light. These lights are called 'Baily's Beads' after the British astronomer Francis Baily who discovered them. They occur because the edge of the Moon is not smooth but jagged with mountain peaks. When just one bead is visible, the effect is often likened to a diamond ring. ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS Ancient civilzations used the movement of the heavens as celestial calendars. They created great stone monuments called celestial observatories to this end.  To the ancients - an eclipse often represented the Eye of God! Ancient observations of solar eclipses from many different cultures and civilizations date back             to at least 2500 BC in the writings that have survived from ancient China and Babylon. To             establish an accurate luni-solar calendar, people in ancient civilizations observed the moon             regularly. Lunar eclipses were the first major celestial events that astrologers learned how to             predict based on local historical observation records. One of the first things civilizations must do to ensure a coherant society is to establish an             accurate calendar to organize planting and harvesting of crops. Most early calendars were             lunar calendars, because the monthly duration of the lunar cycle is 29.53 days, 12.37 months             during a solar seasonal year. Every year, the lunar "synodic" calendar of 29.53 days slips by             0.38 of a month or 11.2 days relative to the seasonal "planting" year. At the same time that ancient peoples kept track of how the lunar and solar calenders meshed             with each other, they also uncovered some of the factors that lead to lunar and solar eclipses             which also require specific timings of the solar and lunar positions across the sky and over the             years. In many ways, the ability to predict eclipses was an outgrowth of the pre-existing need             to keep track of lunar and solar calender relationships. Ancient China - By 2300 BC, ancient Chinese astrologers, already had sophisticated observatory buildings, and             as early as 2650 BC, Li Shu was writing about astronomy. Observing total solar eclipses was a             major element of forecasting the future health and successes of the Emperor, and astrologers             were left with the onerous task of trying to anticipate when these events might occur. Failure             to get the prediction right, in at least one recorded case in 2300 BC resulted in the beheading             of two astrologers. Because the pattern of total solar eclipses is erratic in any specific             geographic location, many astrologers no doubt lost their heads. By about 20 BC, surviving             documents show that Chinese astrologers understood what caused eclipses, and by 8 BC             some predictions of total solar eclipse were made using the 135-month recurrence period. By             AD 206 Chinese astrologers could predict solar eclipses by analyzing the Moon's motion. Ancient Chinese astronomy was primarily a government activity. It was the astronomer's role              to keep track of the solar, lunar, and planetary motions as well as divine what astronomical              phenomena may mean for the ruling emperor. Solar eclipses, infrequent and dramatic, were              important enough to be recorded in chronicles and on "oracle" bones. Below are a few              translated eclipse records found in the documents of ancient China from various dynasties. In              general, the translations give the Roman calendar dating of the event, the C


Caroline of Ansbach was the wife of which British King?

The Wives of the Georgian Kings: Caroline of Ansbach – Royal Central The Royal W: Gentleman Usher of the Blue Rod Lucy Worsley has called Caroline of Ansbach “the cleverest queen consort ever to sit on the throne of England”. In many ways, she really was. The wife of King George II was a patron of the arts and never missed an opportunity to branch out her knowledge. She was extremely well read, and during her husband’s reign, she popularised inoculation among the masses. Caroline served as regent on occasion, and her death left the King devastated – so devastated, in fact, that he never married again. Caroline of Ansbach as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland. Caroline of Ansbach was born on 1st March 1683. Her parents were John Frederick, the Margrave of the small German state of Ansbach, and his wife Eleonore. Her father died when she was only three years old, and Caroline and her younger brother had to accompany their mother to Dresden, where she married the Elector of Saxony. After Eleanore’s death in 1696, Caroline went to live, first with her half-brother, the new Margrave of Ansbach, and then with the future King Frederick I of Prussia and his wife, Sophia Charlotte of Hanover. By a happy coincidence, Sophia Charlotte was the sister of the future King George I of England. George had a stormy relationship with his own wife , and didn’t want his son, George Augustus, to go through the same thing. So George Augustus was given the freedom to choose a wife of his liking. He settled upon Caroline when, after having heard good reports of her from his aunt, he visited the court in Ansbach to see his future bride. George Augustus immediately took a liking to Caroline’s good character, and the couple were married in Hanover in 1705. Their eldest son, Frederick Ludwig, was born a little less than two years later. Almost immediately after Frederick’s birth, Caroline came down with smallpox. Her infant son was kept away from her to avoid catching the disease, but George Augustus stayed by her side and subseqeuntly developed smallpox himself. Thankfully, the pair recovered soon enough, and Caroline went on to have seven more children with her husband, all but one of whom survived till adulthood. For the first nine years of Caroline’s marriage, she enjoyed a relatively quite life in Hanover with her four oldest children. That all changed in 1714, when her father-in-law ascended the throne of England as King George I. George Augustus was now the Prince of Wales, and since the new King had divorced his wife, Caroline, now as the Princess of Wales, was the highest-ranking lady in the entire kingdom. She arrived on British shores in October with her daughters – her seven year-old son Frederick had been left behind to represent his grandfather in Hanover. In England, both Caroline and George Augustus made an effort to learn the English language and politics. King George, on the other hand, favoured the German customs, which led to the creation of a separate court run by the Prince of Wales. King George and his son had shared a tense relationship ever since the former imprisoned the latter’s mother in a castle, and the formation of this rival court only made matters worse. Things came to a head in 1717 at the baptism of George and Caroline’s son, George William. Father and son got into an argument over who were to be the baby’s godparents and, infuriated by his son’s behaviour, King George had the Prince and Princess of Wales placed under house arrest in St James’ Palace, while their children were placed under his care. Just as he had done with his own wife, George forbade his son and daughter-in-law from meeting their children. Being separated from her children took a serious toll on Caroline’s health. So desperate was she to see them that she paid her children a secret visit, against the King’s orders. Seeing Caroline’s state, George grudgingly allowed her to contact the young Prince and Princesses. Unfortunately, while all this was taking place little George William fell very ill, and died shortly afterwards. Both Caroline and Georg


"The film, ""High Society"" was a musical version of which 1939 comedy film, starring Katherine Hepburn and Cary Grant?"

The Philadelphia Story (1940) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error When a rich woman's ex-husband and a tabloid-type reporter turn up just before her planned remarriage, she begins to learn the truth about herself. Director: Donald Ogden Stewart (screen play), Philip Barry (based on the play by) Stars: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 34 titles created 24 Jul 2011 a list of 30 titles created 31 Aug 2011 a list of 43 titles created 26 Feb 2013 a list of 33 titles created 9 months ago a list of 33 titles created 2 months ago Title: The Philadelphia Story (1940) 8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     2     Oscars. Another    3 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A newspaper editor uses every trick in the book to keep his ace reporter ex-wife from remarrying. Director: Howard Hawks A drama critic learns on his wedding day that his beloved maiden aunts are homicidal maniacs, and that insanity runs in his family. Director: Frank Capra In Africa during World War I, a gin-swilling riverboat captain is persuaded by a strait-laced missionary to use his boat to attack an enemy warship. Director: John Huston     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.9/10 X   A young man falls in love with a girl from a rich family. His unorthodox plan to go on holiday for the early years of his life is met with skepticism by everyone except for his fiancée's eccentric sister and long-suffering brother. Director: George Cukor Two employees at a gift shop can barely stand each other, without realizing that they are falling in love through the post as each other's anonymous pen pal. Director: Ernst Lubitsch Due to his insistence that he has an invisible six foot-tall rabbit for a best friend, a whimsical middle-aged man is thought by his family to be insane - but he may be wiser than anyone knows. Director: Henry Koster A woman is asked to spy on a group of Nazi friends in South America. How far will she have to go to ingratiate herself with them? Director: Alfred Hitchcock Private detective Philip Marlowe is hired by a rich family. Before the complex case is over, he's seen murder, blackmail, and what might be love. Director: Howard Hawks Romance and suspense ensue in Paris as a woman is pursued by several men who want a fortune her murdered husband had stolen. Who can she trust? Director: Stanley Donen A spoiled heiress running away from her family is helped by a man who is actually a reporter in need of a story. Director: Frank Capra A naive man is appointed to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate. His plans promptly collide with political corruption, but he doesn't back down. Director: Frank Capra A man from a family of rich snobs becomes engaged to a woman from a good-natured but decidedly eccentric family. Director: Frank Capra Edit Storyline Philadelphia socialites Tracy Lord and C.K. Dexter Haven married impulsively, with their marriage and subsequent divorce being equally passionate. They broke up when Dexter's drinking became excessive, it a mechanism to cope with Tracy's unforgiving manner to the imperfect, imperfections which Dexter admits he readily has. Two years after their break-up, Tracy is about to remarry, the ceremony to take place at the Lord mansion. Tracy's bridegroom is nouveau riche businessman and aspiring politician George Kittredge, who is otherwise a rather ordinary man and who idolizes Tracy. The day before the wedding, three unexpected guests show up at the Lord mansion: Macaulay Connor (Mike to his friends), Elizabeth Imbrie - the two who are friends of Tracy's absent brother, Junior - and Dexter himself. Dexter, an employee of the tabloid Spy magazine, made a deal with its publisher and editor Sidney Kidd to get a story on Tracy's wedding - the wedding of the year - in return for Kidd not ... Writ


Which French wine region, North of Lyons, produces Chiroubles and Saint Amour red wines?

The Secret to Finding Good Beaujolais Wine | Wine Folly The Secret to Finding Good Beaujolais Wine November 18, 2013 Blog » Learn About Wine » The Secret to Finding Good Beaujolais Wine The Secret to Finding Good Beaujolais Wine Want to know how to buy better Beaujolais? Learn the region. Beaujolais is the name of a little area in France just south of Burgundy. It’s one of the few wine regions of France that doesn’t pretend to be fancy. In fact, much of the Gamay wine Beaujolais produces is sold (and gulped) before the harvest year is over. What’s confusing to new drinkers of Beaujolais is the disconnect between how Beaujolais is described and how it actually tastes.  So, with the help of French wine educator, Hilarie Larson, we’ve created a guide to the Beaujolais region in the hope of shedding some detail on the topic. It’s time to uncover the mystery and learn how to find good Beaujolais wine….yes, it does exist.   Beaujolais is a light red wine made with Gamay Noir grapes. Primary Fruit flavors Raspberry, Tart Cherry, Cranberry Other flavors Mushroom, Forest Floor, Smoke, Violet, Baker’s Yeast, Banana, Bubblegum Acidity High Serving Temperature Slightly chilled 54-58 °F (12-14 °C) Learn what basic wine characteristics mean for your taste preferences.   The French wine region of Beaujolais has long been considered part of Burgundy, but today it charts its own course. Useful to Know: The region produces almost only red wine with Gamay Noir grapes. Beaujolais wines run the gamut from zippy, juicy-yeasty “Nouveau” style to more serious (but still affordable) Cru vineyard Beaujolais that drinks a lot like red Burgundy .   Buying Tips The best wines from Beaujolais are Cru Beaujolais. Expect to spend about $20 a bottle for this style. If you’re looking for value (around $10) keep your eyes peeled for Beaujolais Villages or Beaujolais Supérieur. If you get one and you don’t like it, Beaujolais makes into some of the best Sangria on the planet . So don’t fret. Where is it? Beaujolais is kind of like the smallest house in the fanciest neighborhood. It’s bordered by Burgundy to the North; the Saône River (which leads to Côtes du Rhône) to the East; the ‘Gastronomic Capital of France’, Lyon, to the South; and the Monts de Beaujolais (the hills of the Massif Central) on the West.  Beaujolais is just 34 miles long and 7-9 miles wide. The area is naturally divided into two sections by the Nizerand River. You’ll find different soils on each side of the river. This is important to note because the soil types hold the key to Beaujolais’ flavor. There’s mostly granite and schist (decomposed rock) to the North and clay-based soils (marl) to the South. By the way, all of the Cru vineyards are located on the North side. Beaujolais Wine Region Map A lil’ History of Beaujolais Do you like Wine Folly? The Romans were the first to plant vineyards – had to keep all their legionnaires happy! – followed by the Benadictine monks in the Middle Ages. The Dukes of Beaujeu (from whom the region is named) made the wines fashionable. When the railroads were built in the 19th century, Beaujolais’ popularity spread even further, especially to Paris, when the craze for ‘Nouveau’ or “en Primeur” began. READ MORE ABOUT THAT THIS FRIDAY! The town of Lyon was the main market for Beaujolais wine. In the old days, goods from outside the area were subject to heavy taxes making the local vino even more appealing and in demand.   There are 3 Classifications of Beaujolais wine The 3 classifications are: Beaujolais AOP, Beaujolais Villages AOP and Cru Beaujolais Beaujolais AOC ‘Supérieur’ Tip Wines labeled “Supérieur”- red or rose – will be a touch higher in alcohol and most likely darker and more concentrated. This is the biggest appellation consisting of all 96 winemaking villages; a few in the northern half but most from the south. The clay soils and flatlands of the south make it more difficult to properly ripen grapes. Because of this, you’ll find a wide variance of quality in Beaujolais AOC depending both on producer and vintage . Beaujolai


Who were Manchester Utd's opponents in January 1948, when the highest ever attendance at a Football League match was recorded?

Football Day by Day - January   Football    On This Day - 1st January 1927 George Camsell of Second Division Middlesbrough scored in his 12th    consecutive League match. That's an achievement in itself but what was    even more remarkable was that in those 12 matches he scored 29 goals with    a goalscoring run of 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4,    1, 2, 4, 5, 2, and 3. The 1926/27 season saw Middlesbrough score 122    League goals with Camsell scoring 59 of them - both were new records but    both records only lasted a season before being bettered. Link - those 29 goals and Middlesbrough results 1926/27 Football On This Day - 1st January 1965 In    the New Year Honours list    Stanley Matthews became the first professional footballer to be awarded a    knighthood while still a player. His only League appearance in 1964/65 was    also his last, against Fulham on 6th February 1965, shortly after his 50th    birthday. He had made his League debut in 1932 but in later years said    that he regretted retiring so early, believing he could have played    on for another couple of years! Football On This Day - 1st January 1966 It was not a Happy New Year for Chester when they entertained Aldershot in    a Division 4 match at Sealand Road on 1st January 1966. Both their    full-backs - Ray Jones and Bryn Jones (they were not related) - ended up    in hospital having both suffered broken legs in separate incidents.    Chester won 3-2 though! Football On This Day - 1st January 2015 Arsenal goalkeeper Wojciech Szczesny didn't enjoy the best of starts to    2015. The Pole was at fault for both Southampton goals in the Gunners 2-0    defeat at St Mary's in the Premier League and after the match he was    caught smoking in the showers for which he was fined £20,000. Ouch!     Football On This Day - 2nd January 1939 The crowd of 118,567 at Ibrox for their ‘Old Firm’ match between Rangers    and Celtic was, and still is, the highest attendance for a League match in    Britain. Rangers won 2-1 and went on to win the Scottish title with Celtic    as runners-up. Football On This Day - 2nd January 1971 Tragedy    returned to Ibrox. The Scottish League match between Rangers and Celtic    was goalless until Jimmy Johnstone gave Celtic the lead in the 89th minute    at which point many home fans in the 80,000 crowd headed for the exits. In    the last seconds of injury time Colin Stein equalized but the headlines    weren’t about the result but a crush of fans on Stairway 13 which resulted    in 66 deaths and injuries to over 200 others, the worst tragedy in    Scottish football history. The original speculation was that the crush    occurred when exiting fans tried to get back into the ground on hearing    the cheers for the Rangers goal but a subsequent inquiry concluded that    the tragedy was solely the result of the pressure of fans leaving the    ground. Stairway 13 had seen similar safety problems in earlier years –    two fans had been killed at an Old Firm match in September 1961, 8 were    injured in September 1967 and another 24 had suffered injuries in January    1969. Football On This Day - 2nd January 1971 Blackpool thrashed West Ham 4-0 in the FA Cup. That was bad enough but    then it was discovered that four of their players - and the club physio -  had been drinking at the nightclub of former boxer Brian London until the    early hours of the match-day. Manager Ron Greenwood had wanted to sack    players Bobby Moore, Brian Dear, Jimmy Greaves and Clyde Best but they    were to receive bans and fines. Dear and Greaves soon left the club and it    was said that the working relationship between manager Greenwood and club    captain Moore was never the same again.     Football On This Day - 3rd January 1974 After a spat between Chelsea manager Dave Sexton and players Peter Osgood    and Alan Hudson the two Chelsea stars were suspended and transfer-listed.    Neith


Who is the first Scotsman to appear on the reverse of an Bank of England banknote?

Adam Smith becomes first Scot to adorn an English banknote | Business | The Guardian Adam Smith becomes first Scot to adorn an English banknote Share on Messenger Close Adam Smith, the legendary Scottish economist, is to appear on the new £20 note - the first Scot to adorn an English banknote, and the first economist. Bank of England governor Mervyn King unveiled the new face on the note - taking over from Sir Edward Elgar - during last night's annual Adam Smith lecture at St Bryce's Kirk in Kirkcaldy, where the economist was born in 1723, and within Gordon Brown's constituency. The chancellor initiated the lecture series, in the church where his father used to preach, last year. The notes will be available from next spring and will carry a portrait of Adam Smith and an engraving showing the division of labour in pin manufacturing with the words "and the great increase in the quantity of work that results". His seminal work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, was written in 1776. It is still read the world over and commentators of all political colours try to claim the economist as one of their own. Britain has the right-wing thinktank the Adam Smith Institute, but Mr Brown launched the lecture series hoping to reclaim him as a man of the left. The right has always claimed that Adam Smith's "invisible hand" guiding markets, together with his argument that self-interest among traders produces a socially beneficial result, gives support to a laissez-faire approach to economies with minimal government interference. But the left points to Smith's other classic work - The Theory of Moral Sentiments - where he makes clear his opposition to selfishness and belief that people involved in commerce have a moral duty to show sympathy for others. For the governor of the bank of England, Adam Smith's most relevant theme is that to reap the benefits of the division of labour requires strong social institutions. "Social institutions and market economies go hand-in-hand," said Mr King. "Second, people who, for the most part, pursue their own self-interest, are also prepared to stand back and ask how their actions should be constrained by social institutions. Such institutions arise because we build them." However, the SNP leader, Alex Salmond, was unimpressed by Smith's image appearing only on a £20 note in England, when he features on the Scottish £50 note. "Smith, with the fine appreciation of irony reflected in his work, would appreciate that the £50 note used in Scotland is debased to a £20 note in England," he said.


In the bible, which prophet was taken up to Heaven in a fiery chariot?

2 Kings 2:11 As they were walking along and talking together, suddenly a chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared and separated the two of them, and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind. Matthew Henry Commentary 2:9-12 That fulness, from whence prophets and apostles had all their supply, still exists as of old, and we are told to ask large supplies from it. Diligent attendance upon Elijah, particularly in his last hours, would be proper means for Elisha to obtain much of his spirit. The comforts of departing saints, and their experiences, help both to gild our comforts and to strengthen our resolutions. Elijah is carried to heaven in a fiery chariot. Many questions might be asked about this, which could not be answered. Let it suffice that we are told, what his Lord, when he came, found him doing. He was engaged in serious discourse, encouraging and directing Elisha about the kingdom of God among men. We mistake, if we think preparation for heaven is carried on only by contemplation and acts of devotion. The chariot and horses appeared like fire, something very glorious, not for burning, but brightness. By the manner in which Elijah and Enoch were taken from this world, God gave a glimpse of the eternal life brought to light by the gospel, of the glory reserved for the bodies of the saints, and of the opening of the kingdom of heaven to all believers. It was also a figure of Christ's ascension. Though Elijah was gone triumphantly to heaven, yet this world could ill spare him. Surely their hearts are hard, who feel not, when God, by taking away faithful, useful men, calls for weeping and mourning. Elijah was to Israel, by his counsels, reproofs, and prayers, better than the strongest force of chariot and horse, and kept off the judgments of God. Christ bequeathed to his disciples his precious gospel, like Elijah's mantle; the token of the Divine power being exerted to overturn the empire of Satan, and to set up the kingdom of God in the world. The same gospel remains with us, though the miraculous powers are withdrawn, and it has Divine strength for the conversion and salvation of sinners. Elijah Taken to Heaven …10He said, "You have asked a hard thing. Nevertheless, if you see me when I am taken from you, it shall be so for you; but if not, it shall not be so." 11 As they were going along and talking, behold, there appeared a chariot of fire and horses of fire which separated the two of them. And Elijah went up by a whirlwind to heaven. 12Elisha saw it and cried out, "My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and its horsemen!" And he saw Elijah no more. Then he took hold of his own clothes and tore them in two pieces.…


Which actress was married to comedy actor Peter Sellers at the time of his death in 1980?

Peter Sellers (1925 - 1980) - Find A Grave Memorial Westminster Greater London, England British Actor. He is best remembered for his role of inept French police Inspector 'Jacques Clouseau' in the "Pink Panther" series of films (1964 to 1982). The last of that series, "Trail of the Pink Panther" (1982) was made after his death, using film clips and unseen footage from his earlier "Pink Panther" movies. Born Richard Henry Sellers in Southsea, Hampshire, England, his parents worked in an acting company run by his grandmother. During World War II, he enlisted in the British Army, where he met future actors Spike Milligan, Harry Secombe, and Michael Bentine. Following the war, he set up a review in London, which was a combination of music and impressions (he played the drums), which led to his doing impressions on BBC television's "The Goon Show." Moving rapidly into a series of British comedy films during the mid-1950s, he quickly caught widespread audience appeal, and each successful role led to more and better films. Following British comic tradition of doing multiple roles in the same play, he was adept at performing multiple roles in his movies, including his hilarious "The Mouse that Roared" (1959) (playing three different parts), the black comedy, "Dr. Strangelove" (1964), (playing an pragmatic RAF officer, a wimpy United States President and a weird German scientist), and "The Prisoner of Zenda" (1979) (playing the roles of Rudolf IV, Rudolf V, and Syd Frewin). In 1959, he won the British equivalent of an Oscar for his role of 'Fred Kite', a labor leader in "I'm All Right, Now," (1959), and in 1979 he was nominated for a Best Actor Oscar for his role of 'Chance Gardiner' in his film, "Being There" (1979). He was married four times, to Ann Howe (1951 to 1961), to actress Britt Ekland (1964 to 1968), to Miranda Quarry (1970 to 1974) and to actress Lynn Frederick (1977 to his death in 1980). (bio by: Kit and Morgan Benson)


What is the Latin name for the element Sodium, giving rise to its chemical formula Na?

Sodium, Chemical Element - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, metal, gas, number PRONUNCIATION SO-dee-um Compounds of sodium have been known, of course, throughout human history.    But sodium metal was not prepared until 1807. The reason is that sodium    attaches itself very strongly to other elements. Its compounds are very    difficult to break apart. It was not until 1807 that English chemist Sir    Humphry Davy (1778-1829) found a way to extract sodium from its compounds.    (See sidebar on Davy in the calcium entry in Volume 1.)     Sodium metal itself has relatively few uses. It reacts with other    substances easily, sometimes explosively. However, many sodium compounds    have many uses in industry, medicine, and everyday life. Discovery and naming Sodium carbonate, or soda (Na 2 CO 3 ), was probably the sodium compound best known to ancient peoples. It is    the most common ore of sodium found in nature. This explains why glass was one of the first chemical products made by    humans. Glass is made by heating sodium carbonate and calcium oxide (lime) together. When the mixture cools, it forms the hard, clear,    transparent material called glass. Glass was being manufactured on a large    scale in Egypt as early as 1370 B.C. The Egyptians called soda natron. Much later, the Romans used a similar name for the compound, natrium. These names explain the chemical symbol used for sodium, Na. The name sodium probably originated from an Arabic word suda, meaning "headache." Soda was sometimes used as a cure for    headaches among early peoples. The word suda also carried over into Latin to become sodanum, which also means "headache remedy." In the early 1800s, Davy found a way to extract a number of active    elements from their compounds. Sodium was one of these elements.    Davy's method involved melting a compound of the active element,    then passing an electric current through the molten (melted) compound.    Davy used sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to make sodium. Physical properties Sodium is a silvery-white metal with a waxy appearance. It is soft enough    to be cut with a knife. The surface is bright and shiny when first cut,    but quickly becomes dull as sodium reacts with oxygen in the air. A thin film of sodium oxide (Na 2 O) forms that hides the metal itself. Sodium's melting point is 97.82°C (208.1°F) and its    boiling point is 881.4°C (1,618°F). Its density is slightly less    than that of water, 0.968 grams per cubic centimeter. Sodium is a good    conductor of electricity. Chemical properties Sodium is a very active element. It combines with oxygen at room    temperature. When heated, it combines very rapidly, burning with a    brilliant golden-yellow flame. Sodium also reacts violently with water. (See accompanying sidebar.) It is    so active that it is normally stored under a liquid with which it does not    react. Kerosene or naphtha are liquids commonly used for this purpose. Sodium also reacts with most other elements and with many compounds. It    reacts with acids to produce hydrogen gas. It also dissolves in mercury to form a sodium amalgam. An amalgam is an alloy of mercury and at least    one other metal. Occurrence in nature Sodium never occurs as a free element in nature. It is much too active. It    always occurs as part of a compound. The most common source of sodium in    the Earth is halite. Halite is nearly pure sodium chloride (NaCl). It is    also called rock salt. Halite can be found in underground deposits similar to coal mines. Those    deposits were formed when ancient oceans evaporated (dried up), leaving    sodium chloride behind. Earth movements eventually buried those deposits.    Now they can be mined to remove the sodium chloride. Sodium and water aren't friends O il and vinegar don't mix. But sodium and water really don't mix! Sodium reacts violently with water. The effect is     fascinating. When sodium metal is first placed into water, it floats. But it


"In the TV series, ""Enterprise"", first aired in 2001, what was the name of the ship's captain, played by actor Scott Bakula?"

Star Trek: Enterprise (TV Series 2001–2005) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A century before Captain Kirk's five-year mission, Jonathan Archer captains the United Earth ship Enterprise during the early years of Starfleet, leading up to the Earth-Romulan War and the formation of the Federation. Creators: Enterprise is hit with a rather intense anomaly. Refusing to leave an injured T'Pol behind, Archer is struck by the anomaly, leaving his brain infected with parasites, preventing him from making any ... 8.8 Archer decides he should pilot a kamikaze shuttle to destroy the Xindi weapon. Temporal agent Daniels urges him to reconsider. 8.7 While the Reptilians force Hoshi to decipher a launch code, the Primates, Arboreals and Archer think of a way to stop the Xindi weapon. 8.7 a list of 34 titles created 30 Jan 2011 a list of 30 titles created 23 Oct 2011 a list of 34 titles created 23 Apr 2013 a list of 36 titles created 20 May 2013 a list of 39 titles created 19 Oct 2013 Title: Star Trek: Enterprise (2001–2005) 7.5/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     4     Primetime Emmys. Another    9 wins & 47 nominations. See more awards  » Photos Pulled to the far side of the galaxy, where the Federation is 75 years away at maximum warp speed, a Starfleet ship must cooperate with Maquis rebels to find a way home. Stars: Kate Mulgrew, Robert Beltran, Roxann Dawson In the vicinity of the liberated planet of Bajor, the Federation space station Deep Space Nine guards the opening of a stable wormhole to the far side of the galaxy. Stars: Avery Brooks, Rene Auberjonois, Cirroc Lofton Set decades after Captain Kirk's five-year mission, a new generation of Starfleet officers set off in a new Enterprise on their own mission to go where no one has gone before. Stars: Patrick Stewart, Brent Spiner, Jonathan Frakes Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of the Starship Enterprise explore the galaxy and defend the United Federation of Planets. Stars: William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley The Enterprise is diverted to the Romulan homeworld Romulus, supposedly because they want to negotiate a peace treaty. Director: Stuart Baird The Borg travel back in time intended on preventing Earth's first contact with an alien species. Captain Picard and his crew pursue them to ensure that Zefram Cochrane makes his maiden flight reaching warp speed. Director: Jonathan Frakes Captain Picard, with the help of long presumed dead Captain Kirk, must stop a madman willing to murder on a planetary scale in order to enter an energy ribbon. Director: David Carson To save Earth from an alien probe, Admiral James T. Kirk and his fugitive crew go back in time to San Francisco in 1986 to retrieve the only beings who can communicate with it: humpback whales. Director: Leonard Nimoy On the eve of retirement, Kirk and McCoy are charged with assassinating the Klingon High Chancellor and imprisoned. The Enterprise crew must help them escape to thwart a conspiracy aimed at sabotaging the last best hope for peace. Director: Nicholas Meyer An international team of scientists and military personnel discover a Stargate network in the Pegasus Galaxy and come face-to-face with a new, powerful enemy, The Wraith. Stars: Joe Flanigan, Rachel Luttrell, David Hewlett When the crew of the Enterprise learn of a Federation conspiracy against the inhabitants of a unique planet, Captain Picard begins an open rebellion. Director: Jonathan Frakes When an alien spacecraft of enormous power is spotted approaching Earth, Admiral Kirk resumes command of the Starship Enterprise in order to intercept, examine and hopefully stop the intruder. Director: Robert Wise Edit Storyline The year is 2151. Earth has spent the last 88 years since learning how to travel faster than the speed o


"Which British playwright sprang to fame in 1936 with his comedy, ""French Without Tears""?"

terence rattigan : definition of terence rattigan and synonyms of terence rattigan (English) 11 External links   Early life Terence Rattigan was born in 1911 in South Kensington , [2] London , England , of Irish Protestant extraction. [3] He had an elder brother, Brian. They were the grandsons of Sir William Henry Rattigan , a notable Indian-based jurist, and later a Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament for North East Lanarkshire . His father was Frank Rattigan CMG , a diplomat whose exploits included an affair with Princess Elisabeth of Romania (future consort of King George II of Greece ) which resulted in her having an abortion. [1] Rattigan's birth certificate and his birth announcement in The Times indicate he was born on 9 June 1911. However, most reference books state that he was born the following day; Rattigan himself never publicly disputed this date. There is evidence suggesting that the date on the birth certificate is incorrect. [2] He was given no middle name, but he adopted the middle name "Mervyn" in early adulthood.   Education Rattigan was educated at Sandroyd School [4] from 1920 to 1925, at the time based in Cobham in Surrey (and now the home of Reed's School ), and Harrow School . Rattigan played cricket for the Harrow First XI and scored 29 in the Eton-Harrow match in 1929. [5] He was a member of the Officer Training Corps and organised a mutiny, informing the Daily Express . Even more annoying to his headmaster, Cyril Norwood , was the telegram from the Eton OTC, "offering to march to his assistance". [6] He then went to Trinity College, Oxford .   Life and career Success as a playwright came early, with the comedy French Without Tears in 1936, set in a crammer . He had got inspiration from a 1933 visit to a village called Marxzell in the Black Forest , where young English gentlemen went to learn German, and where his time briefly overlapped with his Harrow classmate Jock Colville . [6] Rattigan's determination to write a more serious play produced After the Dance (1939), a satirical social drama about the " bright young things " and their failure to politically engage. The outbreak of the Second World War scuppered any chances of a long run. Shortly before the war, Rattigan had written (together with Anthony Maurice) a satire about Nazi Germany, Follow My Leader; the Lord Chamberlain refused to license it on grounds of offence to a foreign country, but it was performed from January 1940. [7] During the war, Rattigan served in the Royal Air Force as a tail gunner; his experiences helped inspire Flare Path and he was released from the service to help rewrite it as a film screenplay (which eventually appeared as The Way to the Stars in 1945). After the war, Rattigan alternated between comedies and dramas, establishing himself as a major playwright: the most famous of which were The Winslow Boy (1946), The Browning Version (1948), The Deep Blue Sea (1952), and Separate Tables (1954). He believed in understated emotions, and craftsmanship, which was deemed old fashioned and "pre-war", after the overnight success in 1956 of John Osborne 's Look Back in Anger began the era of kitchen sink dramas by the writers known as the Angry Young Men . Rattigan responded to this critical disfavour with some bitterness. His plays Ross , Man and Boy , In Praise of Love , and Cause Célèbre , however show no sign of any decline in his talent. Rattigan explained that he wrote his plays to please a symbolic playgoer, "Aunt Edna", someone from the well-off middle-class who had conventional tastes; his critics frequently used this character as the basis for belittling him. [8] 'Aunt Edna' inspired Joe Orton to create "Edna Welthorpe", a mischievous alter ego stirring up controversy about his own plays. Rattigan was gay , [9] with numerous lovers but no long-term partners, a possible exception being his 'congenial companion [...] and occasional friend' Michael Franklin. [10] It has been claimed that his work is essentially autobiographical, containing coded references to his sexuality, which he kept secret from all but his


During World War II, which of the German leaders was head of the SS?

The SS - World War II - HISTORY.com Google Origins of the SS In 1921, Adolf Hitler became the leader of a fledgling political organization called the National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party. The group promoted extreme German nationalism and anti-Semitism, and was dissatisfied with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , the 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I (1914-18) and required numerous concessions and reparations from Germany. Hitler blamed Jews and Marxists for Germany’s problems and espoused the concept of an Aryan “master race.” Did You Know? A separate wing of the Dachau concentration camp was set aside for SS members found guilty of committing serious infractions. Close to 130 SS members were interned at Dachau when the camp was liberated by U.S. military forces on April 29, 1945. By the end of 1921, Hitler had his own private army, the “Sturmabteilung” (“Assault Division”), or SA, whose members were known as storm troopers or brown shirts (for the color of their uniforms). The SA accompanied Hitler during his public appearances and surrounded him when he made impassioned speeches urging his supporters to perpetrate violence against Jews and his political adversaries. In 1925, Hitler ordered the formation of the Schutzstaffel, an entity that was separate from, although linked to, the SA. The SS initially consisted of eight individuals, all of whom were entrusted to personally guard Hitler and other top Nazis. Julius Schreck (1898-1936), a dedicated Hitler loyalist, became the first commander of the SS. The following year, Schreck, who frequently wore a fake moustache that resembled Hitler’s, was replaced by Joseph Berchtold (1897-1962). Erhard Heiden (1901-33) took control of the SS in 1927. That same year, SS members were banned from partaking in political debate and were required to profess undying loyalty to Hitler and unquestioningly acknowledge him as their one and only prophet. Heinrich Himmler, Architect of the SS On January 6, 1929, Hitler named Heinrich Himmler commander of the SS, which at the time had close to 300 members. Himmler, who like Hitler was a fervent anti-Semite, had joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and eventually served as Hitler’s deputy propaganda chief. Himmler was determined to separate the SS from the SA, transform the SS into an elite force that was larger and more potent than the SA and, finally, alter the function of the organization within the Nazi Party. Under Himmler’s guidance, the SS evolved over the next four years into a first-rate paramilitary unit. To qualify for the SS, prospective members had to prove that none of their ancestors were Jewish and agree to marry only with the consent of their superior officers. In addition to receiving military training, recruits were taught that they were the elite not only of the Nazi Party but of all humankind. Above all else, they were to value allegiance and obligation to the Nazi ideal, place individual concerns aside and perform their duties diligently and as a cohesive unit. Such expectations were reflected in the SS motto: “Loyalty is my honor.” Consolidating Power By 1932, the SS had grown to include thousands of members, and the group began wearing all-black uniforms. When Hitler became Germany’s chancellor on January 30, 1933, SS membership had increased to over 50,000. In March of that year, Himmler announced the opening of the first Nazi concentration camp, in the town of Dachau , Germany. The camp initially housed political prisoners who opposed the Nazis. In April 1934, Himmler was named head of Germany’s secret state police, the “Geheime Staatspolizei,” more commonly known as the “Gestapo.” The Gestapo, which had been established the previous year, was charged with tracking down and arresting Hitler’s adversaries. Without benefit of trial, these alleged enemies either were executed or dispatched to concentration camps. At the same time, Himmler was one of the primary behind-the-scenes forces in the removal from power of Ernst Röhm (1887-1934), head of the SA. On June 30, 1934, during a purge of major SA offi


"Who was the unusual duettist with Bing Crosby, on his 1977 Christmas Show, singing their version of ""Little Drummer Boy""? The recording became a big hit five years later."

David Bowie - Biography - IMDb David Bowie Biography Showing all 147 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (10) | Trivia  (62) | Personal Quotes  (67) Overview (5) 5' 10" (1.78 m) Mini Bio (1) David Bowie is widely regarded as one of the most influential writers of pop music. Born David Jones, he changed his name to Bowie in the 1960s, to avoid confusion with the then well-known Davy Jones (lead singer of The Monkees ). The 1960s were not a happy period for Bowie, who remained a struggling artist, awaiting his breakthrough. He dabbled in many different styles of music (without commercial success), and other art forms such as acting, mime, painting, and playwriting. He finally achieved his commercial breakthrough in 1969 with the song "Space Oddity," which was released at the time of the moon landing. Despite the fact that the literal meaning of the lyrics relates to an astronaut who is lost in space, this song was used by the BBC in their coverage of the moon landing, and this helped it become such a success. The album, which followed "Space Oddity," and the two, which followed (one of which included the song "The Man Who Sold The World," covered by Lulu and Nirvana ) failed to produce another hit single, and Bowie's career appeared to be in decline. However, he made the first of many successful "comebacks" in 1972 with "Ziggy Stardust," a concept album about a space-age rock star. This album was followed by others in a similar vein, rock albums built around a central character and concerned with futuristic themes of Armageddon, gender dysfunction/confusion, as well as more contemporary themes such as the destructiveness of success and fame, and the dangers inherent in star worship. In the mid 1970s, Bowie was a heavy cocaine abuser and sometime heroin user. In 1975, he changed tack. Musically, he released "Young Americans," a soul (or plastic soul as he later referred to it) album. This produced his first number one hit in the US, "Fame." He also appeared in his first major film, The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976). With his different-colored eyes and skeletal frame, he certainly looked the part of an alien. The following year, he released "Station to Station," containing some of the material he had written for the soundtrack to this film (which was not used). As his drug problem heightened, his behavior became more erratic. Reports of his insanity started to appear, and he continued to waste away physically. He fled back to Europe, finally settling in Berlin, where he changed musical direction again and recorded three of the most influential albums of all time, an electronic trilogy with Brian Eno "Low, Heroes and Lodger." Towards the end of the 1970s, he finally kicked his drug habit, and recorded the album many of his fans consider his best, the Japanese-influenced "Scary Monsters." Around this time, he played the Elephant Man on Broadway, to considerable acclaim. The next few years saw something of a drop-off in his musical output as his acting career flourished, culminating in his acclaimed performance in Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983). In 1983, he recorded "Let's Dance," an album which proved an unexpected massive commercial success, and produced his second number 1 hit single in the US. The tour which followed, "Serious Moonlight," was his most successful ever. Faced with this success on a massive scale, Bowie apparently attempted to "repeat the formula" in the next two albums, with less success (and to critical scorn). Finally, in the late 1980s, he turned his back on commercial success and his solo career, forming the hard rock band, Tin Machine, who had a deliberate limited appeal. By now, his acting career was in decline. After the comparative failure of Labyrinth (1986), the movie industry appears to have decided that Bowie was not a sufficient name to be a lead actor in a major movie, and since that date, most of his roles have been cameos or glorified cameos. He himself also seems to have lost interest in movie acting. Tin Machine toured extensively and released two alb


The technique, known as the Eskimo Roll, is used as a manoeuvre in which sport?

Techniques – talkCanoeing Techniques The basics The most difficult skill to master when you take up canoeing is to, essentially, treat the boat as an extension of your body. By combining canoe, paddle and body into a single unit, you can propel the vessel more efficiently and control steerage and speed to an amazing degree. As a novice, you are likely to paddle using only your elbows and shoulders. This is tiring, and it is necessary to bring in the trunk and thighs to help power the craft as well. The following section relates to kayaking (in which a double-bladed paddle is used). In canoeing (which involves a single-bladed paddle) the techniques used to propel and manoeuvre the vessel are different and are dealt with separately. Kayaking techniques The first three kayaking techniques to be mastered are paddling forwards, paddling backwards and stopping. Paddling forwards Kayaking To propel the kayak, hold the paddle away from your body (at arm’s length) and away from the kayak, place the blade in the water and lever the kayak past it. Lift the blade out of the water as it comes level with you hip, and drop the other blade into the water to repeat the process on the opposite side. Mastering this basic technique of paddling forwards is much more time consuming than you might imagine. Plenty of practise is the answer, but also remember these key points: Keep the paddle as upright as possible before it enters the water. Keep the blade of the paddle square to the side of the kayak. The blade of the paddle should exit the water when it is level with your hip. If you lift the blade out too late, you will waste energy and the kayak will bob up and down. Keep your grip on the paddle relaxed. There’s no need to hang on too tight on flat water, and opening your fingers will allow your paddle to reach further on each forward stroke. Avoid bending your arms too much. It’s tempting to let your arms and shoulders do all the work, but by keeping your arms as straight as possible throughout the stroke, your thighs and torso will come into use, giving you much greater power and reducing fatigue on the arms. Lean into the stroke. By leaning forwards when paddling forwards, you can reach further ahead and lengthen the stroke. However, don’t hurl your weight back and forward, as this will result in an inefficient see-sawing action. Paddling backwards To move backwards, you essentially need to reverse the procedure for paddling forwards. First, turn to the side on which the blade is going to enter the water, then lean back and put the blade in the water behind you, close to the side of the kayak. Push the paddle forwards and down, thus levering the kayak backwards, and chop the blade out of the water when it is roughly level with the knees. Repeat the process on the other side, and continue alternating strokes until you reach the desired position. Stopping To stop a kayak, the blade is used as a brake. Drop the blade into the water at right-angles to the kayak, lift it out and repeat the process on the other side. You need to brace yourself firmly in the kayak, using your legs, or you risk spinning around or capsizing as a result of the force created by coming to an abrupt halt. Also remember: You can slow down the braking process by only submerging half the blade each time. Alternating strokes from side to side in quick succession will make the stopping process much smoother. More Basic Kayaking Techniques Directional control Even if the kayaker is paddling correctly, it may not be possible to steer a straight course without some adjustment. Wind, current and water conditions can all cause the vessel to veer off-course. To avoid this, paddling can be modified in the following ways: Speeding up the passage of the blade through the water. Sweeping the paddle further out from the bow than usual Pulling the blade in at the stern more than usual. Sweep stroke Turning the kayak around, either by pivoting around a single point or tracing a wider, circular path, requires a sweep stroke. This is a controlled, powerful stroke and ca


The Western Roll, is a long disused technique, once practised in which sporting event?

50 stunning Olympic moments No28: Dick Fosbury introduces 'the flop' | Sport | The Guardian 50 stunning Olympic moments 50 stunning Olympic moments No28: Dick Fosbury introduces 'the flop' His revolutionary technique struck gold in Mexico 1968 but four years later Dick Fosbury failed to qualify for the Munich games Dick Fosbury leaps to glory in the 1968 Olympics. Photograph: Bettmann/CORBIS Tuesday 8 May 2012 03.59 EDT First published on Tuesday 8 May 2012 03.59 EDT Share on Messenger Close Dick Fosbury’s route into high jump was fairly straightforward: he liked sport, and wasn’t any good at anything else. He hadn’t got into the football team, and despite being one of the tallest kids in school had been no more successful at basketball. He tried athletics and, having had a go at a few disciplines, found this was the one at which he was least useless. But Fosbury still spent many years towards the wrong end of the usefulness scale. He likes to tell a story to illustrate just how average he was before he perfected the technique that was to astonish the world and make his name famous: in the mid-60s, while he was at college. “Someone bet me I couldn’t clear a stuffed leather chair,” he says. “Not only did I lose the bet, I also broke my hand in the crash landing.” Why Olympians shine under the spotlight Read more At the time there were two common methods of clearing a bar: the scissors jump, where the athlete threw first one leg and then the other over the bar before landing on his feet, as modelled here by 1920 gold-medallist Richmond Landon, and the straddle, and its variant the western roll, which saw the athlete fling himself over the bar face down, as demonstrated by 1964 winner Valeriy Brumel . The scissors jump had been considered a bit old-hat since the end of the 19th century, when the straddle started to take over. Though the technique had changed a bit over time, there had been no significant alterations since 1936, when the IAAF first decided that athletes didn’t have to clear the bar leg first. “As a young boy our teacher taught us both the western roll and the scissors style,” Fosbury told me when we discussed his breakthrough in 2008. “I felt more comfortable with the scissors style and used that reasonably well until I reached high school, at the age of 16, when my new coach explained to me the limitations of that style. He and I worked to try to teach me the western roll, but with very little success.” That is to put it mildly. Fosbury’s best effort using the western roll was a mere 5ft 4in (1.63m), more than 60cm (23.5in) short of the world record at the time and a height that wouldn’t have impressed anyone even in the first half of the 19th century. Given that by the time he stopped growing he stood 6ft 4in tall without jumping at all, there was only one logical conclusion: he was a hopeless high-jumper. But he was also persistent. “In 1963, I asked the coach if I could return back to the scissors style, and he didn’t encourage me, but he let me make the decision,” Fosbury told me. “In the very next meet, as I was attempting a new personal best, I felt I had to do something different to clear the bar and I tried lifting my hips, which caused my shoulders to go back, and I succeeded. I made a new height, I tried again, and successively I was able to clear six inches higher than my previous best, and that change made me competitive, it kept me in the game, and I converted from sitting on the bar to laying flat on my back.” In a sport where improvements are normally measured in fractions of inches, any technique that allowed an athlete to improve his personal best by half a foot in a single afternoon clearly merited serious investigation. Over the next two years, Fosbury honed what was to become known as the Fosbury Flop. “I guess it did look kind of weird at first,” he said, “but it felt so natural that, like all good ideas, you just wonder why no one had thought of it before me.” (A couple of people have claimed that they did, most notably the Canadian future world No1 Debbie Brill, who was developing the


"Which British musician had U.K. No 1 hits with his instrumental versions of the tunes, ""Oh Mein Papa"" in 1954, and in 1955 with, ""Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White""?"

Weyhill electronic organ society WEYHILL ELECTRONIC ORGAN SOCIETY 15 DECEMBER 2016   The Society’s final concert of the year had a strong Christmas flavour and understandably attracted a good attendance.  Guest artiste was NICHOLAS MARTIN, BEM,  from Leicestershire, one of the Club’s most popular performers.  Nick, as he is usually known, has two teenage sons, both of whom are afflicted with autism, and this inspired him and his wife to found a charity for autistic children.  Nick is the main fundraiser for the cause, collecting donations at many of his musical engagements and, since the Charity’s inception, over £300,000 has been raised to help autistic children and their families.  In recognition of his efforts he was awarded the British Empire Medal in the Queen’s New Year’s Honours list on 31 December 2014 – and the Club is proud to have played a part in regularly contributing to this fun-raising.  The audience was kept entertained throughout with a varied selection of music and by the artiste’s occasional cheeky sense of humour.  After his signature tune, Hey Look Me Over, Nick opened the concert with a couple of marches, Entry Of The Gladiators and Aces High, followed by the lively Circus Renz and Angel in Blue – a tune that had featured in the Club’s formation.    The Warsaw Concerto, composed by Richard Addinsell (who had connections with Appleshaw many years ago), was next to be performed, introducing Classical music to proceedings.  The Wurlitzer sound was then employed for a selection of popular Christmas songs, beginning with Merry Christmas Everyone (Shakin’ Stevens) followed by Silver Bells (Jim Reeves) and Mistletoe And Wine (Cliff Richard).   Reverting to orchestral mode, Nick continued the festive theme with It’s Beginning To Look A Lot Like Christmas, When A Child Is Born, Let It Snow, Deck The Halls and Rudolph The Red Nosed Reindeer. In complete contrast a waltz was introduced – Roses From The South (Strauss Jr.) – together with I Dreamed A Dream (from Les Miserables) and another popular Classical composition, Cavalleria Rusticana (Mascagni).  The interval was fast approaching but there was sufficient time for Nick to perform his ‘party piece’, Twelfth Street Rag, Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas (Sinatra) and the energy-sapping Dizzy Fingers.    After a break for festive refreshments, the second half began with The Blue Danube (Strauss Jr.) and a Dixieland number, Muskrat Ramble, before continuing with the previous blend of Christmas songs and carols, along with other popular tunes, many of which prompted the audience to join in.  I Saw Mummy Kissing Santa Claus and Santa Claus Is Coming To Town preceded Unchained Melody (Righteous Brothers) and the Skaters Waltz, followed by The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting).   Nick continued with three more seasonal tunes – It’s The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year (Andy Williams), Walking In The Air (from The Snowman) and A Winter’s Tale (David Essex) – and took great delight in playing the Post Horn Galop, signature tune of his beloved Leicester City Football Club! A brief Latin American diversion, consisting of Cavaquinho and Tico Tico, was followed by a number of traditional carols – the selection featuring O Come All Ye Faithful, Once In Royal David’s City, The First Nowell and Once In Royal David’s City – after which a few more Christmas favourites were performed; White Christmas, Winter Wonderland and Sleigh Ride were the chosen tunes.  You’ll Never Walk Alone (from Carousel) and The Holy City were followed by a clever combination of Jingle Bells, Tiger Rag and Widor’s Toccata, whilst proceedings were concluded with Frank Sinatra’s My Way as an encore.  So ended a most enjoyable evening, appreciated by the entire audience.   17 NOVEMBER 2016   The Society’s November concert featured  ANDREW NIX , from Selby in North Yorkshire.  At the age of 17, Andrew was appointed Keyboardist and Musical Director for a theatre group performing at Butlins, Barry Island and he is now one of the busiest performers on the circuit.  His music is designed to suit most


Joseph Goebbels was the head of which Nazi ministry from 1933 until 1945?

Joseph Goebbels - World War II - HISTORY.com Google Joseph Goebbels: Early Years Paul Joseph Goebbels was born on October 29, 1897, in Rheydt, Germany, an industrial city located in the Rhineland. Because of a club foot that he acquired during a childhood bout with osteomyelitis, a swelling of the bone marrow, the young Goebbels was exempted from service in the German army during World War I (1914-18). Instead, he attended a series of German universities, where he studied literature and philosophy, among other subjects, and went on to earn a Ph.D. in German philology from Heidelberg University. Did You Know? Despite the anti-Semitism Joseph Goebbels promoted as Germany's minister for public enlightenment and propaganda, some of his favorite schoolteachers were Jewish, and Goebbels was even once engaged to a young woman who was part-Jewish. In the first half of the 1920s, after unsuccessfully attempting to establish a career as a journalist, novelist and playwright, Goebbels became a member of the National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party, which promoted German pride and anti-Semitism. Goebbels eventually became acquainted with the organization’s leader, Adolf Hitler . At this time, inflation had wrecked the German economy, and the morale of the German citizenry, who had been defeated in World War I, was low. Hitler and Goebbels were both of the opinion that words and images were potent devices that could be used to exploit this discontent. Hitler was impressed with Goebbels’ ability to communicate his thoughts in writing, while Goebbels was enamored of Hitler’s talent for speaking in front of large crowds and employing words and gestures to play on German nationalistic pride. Goebbels: Rising in the Nazi Party Ranks Goebbels quickly ascended the ranks of the Nazi Party . First he broke away from Gregor Strasser (1892-1934), the leader of the more anti-capitalistic party bloc, who he initially supported, and joined ranks with the more conservative Hitler. Then, in 1926, he became a party district leader in Berlin. The following year, he established and wrote commentary in Der Angriff (The Attack), a weekly newspaper that espoused the Nazi Party line. In 1928, Goebbels was elected to the Reichstag, the German Parliament. More significantly, Hitler named him the Nazi Party propaganda director. It was in this capacity that Goebbels began formulating the strategy that fashioned the myth of Hitler as a brilliant and decisive leader. He arranged massive political gatherings at which Hitler was presented as the savior of a new Germany. In a masterstroke, Goebbels oversaw the placing of movie cameras and microphones at pivotal locations to accentuate Hitler’s image and voice. Such events and maneuverings played a pivotal role in convincing the German people that their country would regain its honor only by giving unwavering support to Hitler. Joseph Goebbels: Hitler’s Propaganda Minister In January 1933, Hitler became the German chancellor, and in March of that year he appointed Goebbels the country’s minister for public enlightenment and propaganda. In this capacity, Goebbels had complete jurisdiction over the content of German newspapers, magazines, books, music, films, stage plays, radio programs and fine arts. His mission was to censor all opposition to Hitler and present the chancellor and the Nazi Party in the most positive light while stirring up hatred for Jewish people. In April 1933, at Hitler’s directive, Goebbels orchestrated a boycott on Jewish businesses. The following month, he was a guiding force in the burning of “un-German” books in a public ceremony at Berlin’s Opera House. The works of dozens of writers were destroyed, including German-born authors Erich Maria Remarque (1898-1970), Arnold Zweig (1887-1968), Thomas Mann (1875-1955), Albert Einstein (1879-1955) and Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), and such non-Germans as Émile Zola (1840-1902), Helen Keller (1880-1968), Marcel Proust (1871-1922), Upton Sinclair (1878-1968), Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), H. G. Wells (1866-1946), Jack London (1876-1916) and André Gid


Which award winning play, written by Alan Bennett, later made into a film, is set in the fictional Cutler's Grammar School in Sheffield?

HIST 224 Modern Britain: Film List THE YOUNG VICTORIA Director: Jean-Marc Vallï¿½e, 2009 This lavish costume drama focuses on the turbulent and lonely years of Queen   Victoria's childhood, her accession to the throne when she was eighteen years   old, and the uncertain beginning of her long reign. Her eventual success as   a monarch was nurtured through two crucial relationships: her engagement and   marriage to Albert, the prince-consort, and the political mentoring provided   by her first prime minister, Lord Melbourne. © Sony Pictures THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE Director: Tony Richardson, 1968 This film chronicles the events that led to British involvement in the Crimean War   against Russia culminating in the siege of Sevastopol and the fierce Battle of Balaclava   in October 1854. The climax is the heroic but doomed charge of British cavalrymen ordered   to advance against well-defended Russian artillery. Immortalized in the epic poem by Alfred,        Lord Tennyson, the Light Brigade's destruction owed primarily to the jealousy, infighting,        and gross incompetence of its aristocratic commanders. © MGM/UA YAPIAN ZHANZHENG | THE OPIUM WAR Director: Xie Jin, 1997 This Chinese epic tells the story of the 1840-41 war between Britain and the declining Qing dynasty that resulted in the forced opening of Chinese markets to the opium trade and the establishment of the British colony of Hong Kong. Yapian Zhanzheng received enthusiastic support from the Beijing authorities and was the most expensive Chinese film ever made at the time of production. It was released in 1997 to coincide with the handover of Hong Kong. © Araba Films SHATRANJ KE KHILARI | THE CHESS PLAYERS Director: Satyajit Ray, 1977 In 1856, officials of the East India Company move to consolidate their   hold over North India by annexing the wealthy kingdom of Awadh. The chief minister to    the Nawab attempts to warn his ruler and local landlords of the impending danger   but they ignore him and instead indulge their obsession with playing chess.   The game becomes a metaphor for the larger game of politics played by the British as they   maneuver to capture Awadh's king. Based on the short story by Premchand. © Shemaroo MRS. BROWN Director: John Madden, 1997 This film examines at the relationship between Queen Victoria and John        Brown, a Scottish commoner who, though a servant, became her closest friend and      confidant. As such, he proved the catalyst to bring her back        into public life and out of her private mourning for the late Prince      Albert, who had died in 1861. © Miramax MOUNTAINS OF THE MOON Director: Bob Rafelson, 1990 This film traces the friendship between Victorian explorers Richard Burton        and John Hanning Speke that broke down during their 1856 expedition to find the source   of the Nile, a route that took them through East Africa from Zanzibar   to the shores of Lake Victoria. Based on the 1982 biographical novel by William Harrison        and the travel diaries of Burton and Speke. © Artisan Entertainment CREATION Director: Jon Amiel, 2009 Charles Darwin, a brilliant scientist and devoted family man, struggles to come to   terms with the devastating loss of his eldest daughter, Annie. Worried that   his path-breaking theory of evolution might alienate his deeply religious wife   and endanger their marriage, Darwin had procrastinated completing his manuscript.   Yet the memory of his inquisitive, intelligent and highly logical daughter spurs him   to complete Origin of Species and send it off for publication. © BBC Films THE ELEPHANT MAN Director: David Lynch, 1980 This gothic film gives a moving portrayal of John Merrick, the grotesquely deformed   Victorian-era man better known as "The Elephant Man". Inarticulate and abused, Merrick   ekes out a miserable living as a sideshow freak until a dedicated London doctor,   Frederick Treves, rescues him from that life and offers him an


"Which classical singer sang the theme song ""Where My Heart Will Take Me"", for the TV series, ""Enterprise""?"

Russell Watson | Memory Alpha | Fandom powered by Wikia (written from a Production point of view ) Russell Watson ( born 24 November 1966 ; age 50) is an English vocalist and tenor who sang the opening theme song from Star Trek: Enterprise entitled " Where My Heart Will Take Me ", which was originally recorded as "Faith of the Heart" by Rod Stewart for the film Patch Adams . The song was remixed with a faster beat for Enterprise's third season . Hailing from Salford, Greater Manchester, England, Watson initially was not seeking a career as a professional singer. Working as a bolt-cutter in Manchester, Watson began accepting singing engagements to earn extra money. His reputation and popularity increased through these engagements, ultimately leading to his being chosen to sing at the Rugby Challenge Cup final in Wembley Stadium in 1999. His performance there was so successful that he was later invited to sing at the UEFA Champions League soccer final in Barcelona. Following this, his career took off, and his first album – entitled The Voice – followed in 2001. Both that album and his next, 2002's Encore, won Album of the Year at the Classical Brit Awards in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Watson recently took part in the BBC reality series Just the Two of Us, in which British celebrities were paired up with professional singers (including Watson) for a duet-singer showdown. Watson was paired with actress Sian Reeves and was actually a late arrival, having replaced singer Rick Astley after the latter abandoned the show. In 2006 Watson was diagnosed with a benign brain tumor, and underwent an emergency operation to remove it on 24 September 2006. [1] On 24 October 2007 a regrowth of the tumor was discovered, and he had a second round of emergency surgery. [2] On 4 February 2008 Watson announced that he was soon to complete a five-week course of radiotherapy, writing on his official blog that he had suffered draining side-effects but was "hanging in there." He also added that feared damage to his voice had not occurred. [3] Following his recovery, in the summer of 2008 Watson served as a panel judge on the BBC reality TV singing contest Last Choir Standing in the UK. [4]


The Recreation Cricket Ground in St John's, on the island of Antigua, is also known by the name of which famous West Indian cricketer?

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA'S CULTURAL HERITAGE National Heroes                                                                      The following 'African Influences' and the description of how Emancipation Day was spent, are extracts from the Museum's new publication "AFRICANS TO ANTIGUANS: The Slavery Experience".   SOME OF OUR AFRICAN INFLUENCES ... CUSTOMS - The art of bush plant healing is a relic from Africa and elsewhere. Gordon.     Old people are acquainted with wild plants for certain diseases.  AAII: 51. Masked costume individuals in Carnival originate from celebrations of the Yoruba, Asante of West Africa.  W&H 1989: 72. Some Yoruba marriages were polygynous. "Outside children" are thus an African link. Gordon 1989: 25. Warri came from the Gold Coast. It is the name of a Niger Delta tribe. HAS NL #18:3. The shapes and methods used by Seaview Farm potters have African origins. Decorative punctuations in the pottery are of African design.        The head was used to bear burdens, even cups or bottles. 3 or 4 year olds as well.  AAII: 146. FOOD - Some foods that were brought to Antigua and Barbuda by the slave trade are Eddo, ochra, dasheen, eggplant, bonavista bean.  Harris: 115. In Ghana, Ducana is Dokono and in the Twi language, Odokono. Fungi. H&W 1989: 77. MUSIC - The emphasis on rhythm and its expression, and frequent use of percussion. Call and response. W&H 1989: 76. RELIGION - Rastafarianism is an active religious doctrine with firm roots in Africa, within the Caribbean.  Gordon 1989:34. Halie Selassie of Ethiopia became a messiah in spirit to the Rastafarians.  Gordon 1989: 34. SUPERSTITIONS  - Placenta buried in oneï¿½s yard, the dry navel put in coal pot and no fire to be taken for 9 days, has at times persisted.  Adelaide Samuel, Pers. Comm. 1989. Jumbies (Duppies) are vindictive and mischievous spirits of the bush and graveyard.  W&H 1989: 74. Obeah was brought from West Africa by the slaves.  Drummond xiii. Obeah was formerly carried on to a great extent. Description and stories are given.  AAII:50-54. Even in days of freedom people use Obeah. Obeah bottles are used to guard provision grounds.  AAII: 52,54. CULTURE - The Akan people have a spider hero, Anansi.  Ntikuma (Tacooma) was his son.W&H: 75. Names.   African given names are used again today for example: Nsenga, Omowale, Keita, Ogwambi, Kwame, Nkosi, Malika, Kunle, Ato, Nekoda, Nyambi, Nkuma, Makeba, N'Jeri, Iyo. Pers. Comm. Janice Augustin Old time African names still used today are Quashy, Polydore, Pompey etc.See Telephone Book 2003. LANGUAGE - The Antiguan Creole today, has several words which are of West African origin, based on the tribes who came to the island.  Here are some of them: Bassa bassa: "fooling around". Antroba= 'trober (plant). ETHenry Pers. Comm. with a West African. Catta: A wad of cloth placed on the head to facilitate the carrying of heavy loads. From  Twi   kata to cover or protect      Congo: nkata Cum cum saw: Just come, thinks he knows it all. On-a-me=An na me (It's not  me!" ). ETHenry Pers. Comm. with a West African. Dukuna:  A small pudding made of varying mixtures of grated sweet potatoes, coconut, cornmeal plantain-flour. From Akan: doko na  sweeten mouth      Twi:  boiled maize   Ga: Adangme  dokona  Fungee:  Boiled cornmeal   From Twi: fugyee   Yoruba: funje   Kunumunu: A man easily controlled by a woman. From Yoruba:  kunun, lacking in self-confidence.   kong-kong-sa,  to take sided, biased.   From  Twi Nyam: To eat greedily.  From a number of overlapping African languages. Wagie/waggi/wajy: Used clothing; hand-me-downs. From Igb:  wa,  to divide.   Je, to wear. Yabba: A round, open, earthen ware vessel used mostly for cooking. Varies in size.  From Twi: ayawa  earthen vessel or dish Yampi/yampie: Mucus exuded in the corner of the eyes especially after sleeping From Twi: mpe Warri: A game played with marbles or nichars.   From: Twi: ware    Fante: nware   Sources:


"Which actor, star of the 1950 film, ""Sunset Boulevard"", died after a fall at his home in Santa Monica in 1981?"

November 12, 1981 : William Holden, star of Sunset Boulevard and Network, dies Introduction On this day in 1981, the actor William Holden, who starred in such movies as Sunset Boulevard, Stalag 17 and Network, dies at the age of 63 in his Santa Monica, California home. The Academy Award-winning actor reportedly died after falling and hitting his head; his body was found several days later. Holden was born William Franklin Beedle on April 17, 1918, in O’Fallon, Illinois, and raised in Southern California. He made his feature film debut in 1938’s Prison Farm and the following year starred in Golden Boy with Barbara Stanwyck. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Air Force and acted in training films. In 1950, Holden co-starred with Gloria Swanson in director Billy Wilder’s now-classic film noir Sunset Boulevard, which was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and later added to the American Film Institute’s list of the 100 best movies of the 20th century. Holden received a Best Actor Oscar nomination for his performance as Joe Gillis, a broke screenwriter who gets ensnared in the world of the aging silent-screen star Norma Desmond (Swanson). Sunset Boulevard contains the now-famous line, “All right, Mr. DeMille, I’m ready for my close-up.” Holden collected his first Academy Award in the Best Actor category for 1953’s Stalag 17, also helmed by Wilder. Holden played a bitter American soldier at a World War II German POW camp who is suspected of being a spy. During the 1950s, Holden also appeared in such hit films as Born Yesterday (1950), with Judy Holliday; Sabrina (1954) with Audrey Hepburn and Humphrey Bogart; Executive Suite (1954), with Barbara Stanwyck, Fredric March and June Allyson; The Country Girl (1954), with Bing Crosby and Grace Kelly; The Bridges at Toko-Ri (1954), with Kelly, March and Mickey Rooney; Picnic (1955), with Kim Novak; Love is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955), with Jennifer Jones, and The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), with Alec Guinness and Jack Hawkins. Later in his career, Holden appeared in such movies as The Wild Bunch (1969), a Western directed by Sam Peckinpah, and The Towering Inferno (1974), with Paul Newman and Steve McQueen. Holden received his third Best Actor Oscar nomination for director Sidney Lumet’s Network (1976), a satire about network television that includes the now-iconic line “I’m mad as hell and I’m not going to take this anymore.” Off camera, Holden was friends with Ronald Reagan and served as best man at his 1952 wedding to Nancy Davis. Holden’s final film was director Blake Edwards’ S.O.B. (1981), a satire about Hollywood and the movie business. Article Details: November 12, 1981 : William Holden, star of Sunset Boulevard and Network, dies Author November 12, 1981 : William Holden, star of Sunset Boulevard and Network, dies URL


The temple of which of their gods was destroyed by Samson, as his last act of war against the Philistines?

Between the Pillars: Revisiting "Samson and the House of Dagon" Between the Pillars: Revisiting "Samson and the House of Dagon" Non-Technical - Jul 24, 2008 - by John Roskoski PhD Share/recommend this article: Excerpt The historicity of this heroic account has been long debated among scholars. Indeed, many scholars seem hesitant to comment on the historicity of the Samson narratives at all. From the scholarly debate over the destruction of the Gaza temple two diametrically opposed viewpoints have emerged... Continue reading Explore Related Articles The Genesis Philistines The Philistines we encounter in the books of Judges and 1 and 2 Samuel are well known to us. However... The Ultimate Sign: Isaiah 7 In Isaiah chapter 7, God demonstrates His faithfulness to a promise that He made with King David con... Temple Found in Philistine City of Gath Archaeologists have uncovered a Philistine temple and evidence of a major earthquake in biblical tim... Tags Support Like this artice? Our Ministry relies on the generosity of people like you. Every small donation helps us develop and publish great articles. Please support ABR! This article was first published in the Winter 2005 issue of Bible and Spade. The Biblical tableau of Samson’s death in the house of the Philistine god Dagon in Gaza is familiar to the scholar and the casual reader of the Bible alike. The components of the scene are the Philistine crowd cheering at the capture of Samson, the proud Philistine lords who have come to witness the death of their enemy, and a blinded and battered Samson standing between the main pillars of the temple. In the midst of this chaotic scene Samson utters a prayer to YHWH to be remembered and strengthened so to avenge himself upon his enemies. Knowing full well that this last stand against the Philistines will cost him his life, Samson dislodges the pillars, thereby collapsing the temple upon all who were in it (Jgs 16:23–30). The State of the Question The historicity of this heroic account has been long debated among scholars. Indeed, many scholars seem hesitant to comment on the historicity of the Samson narratives at all. From the scholarly debate over the destruction of the Gaza temple two diametrically opposed viewpoints have emerged. John L. McKenzie typifies the first viewpoint. Always a detractor of Samson, McKenzie argues that: the historical quality of heroic tales is always low. This is easy to see in Samson. A palace or temple which could support several thousand people on its roof supported by two central pillars separated by an arm’s length never existed…The world in which Samson lives is real, even if his feats of strength are not (1979: 229–30). In other words, McKenzie sees the stories of Samson’s immense power as highly exaggerated popular tales. These tales were circulated during the time of Philistine domination of Israel during the settlement period of Israel. The stories of the strength of Samson were meant to have been a source of religious hope for Israel and to bolster their waning national spirit. On the other hand, Dr. Bryant G. Wood advocates an opposing theory. He points out that during a 1972 excavation the first Philistine temple ever to be found was brought to light at Tell Qasile, on the north side of Tell Aviv. This temple is comprised of an antechamber and main hall. According to Wood, “this hall, with inside measurements of 18 1/2 feet by 23 1/2 feet, is a room whose roof was originally supported by two wooden pillars set on round, well-made stone bases, placed along a center axis” (1974: 51). Samson in the Philistine temple. “Then Samson reached toward the two central pillars on which the temple stood. Bracing himself against them, his right hand on the one and his left hand on the other, Samson said, ‘Let me die with the Philistines!’ Then he pushed with all his might, and down came the temple on the rulers and all the people  in it. Thus he killed many more when he died than while he lived” (Jgs 16:29–30). “Peerless” Edition of the Holy Bible (Erie PA: Lovell Manufacturing, 188) Although the Gaza te


Which creature appears on the current English £10 note alongside Charles Darwin?

History of the £10 Pound Note | Great British Magazine History of the £10 Pound Note greatbritishzine / February 15, 2016 Series A : White £10 Note – Issued 1759 The £10 note was first issued by the Bank of England during the Seven Year’s War (1755-1764) to help maintain more of its gold reserves. The idea was for people to cash in smaller denominations of money in exchange for gold, thus easing the strain on the bank. The white £10 note was issued in 1759 and was roughly 210 x 127mm. It was printed on white paper, single sided with black ink. These notes remained in use with few changes through to 1945 when the £10 note was removed as a denomination until the Series C design in 1964. Series C: Issued 1964 After 19 years of absence the £10 note was re-issued by the Bank of England in 1964 alongside other notes in the Series C “portrait style” as it later became known. Both the £10 & £5 notes were designed by Reynolds Stone and were the first notes to depict the monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) on the front side. Stone was clearly influenced by the Series B £5 note issued in 1957 as he carried over the Bank of England’s symbolic Lion holding a double sided key; a sign of Britain’s economic strength. Another notable feature is the continued use of the water mark, this time Queen Elizabeth II, to reduce counterfeiting. The Series C notes were withdrawn May 1979. Series D: Issued 1975 1975 saw the release of what later became known as the pictorial series £10 note. The pictorial series not only had the monarch pictured on the front but also a famous historical figure on the reverse side. Every note in this series was designed by Harry Ecclestone and just like other notes in the series the Queen is depicted wearing state robes, the George IV State Diadem, Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee necklace and Queen Alexandra’s Cluster Earrings. The figure on the reverse is Florence Nightingale, also known as “The Lady with the Lamp”. She is seen alongside an illustration of her working at the Selimiye Barracks in Scutari, Turkey during the Crimean War. The watermark on this note also depicts Florence Nightingale instead of the queen. Florence Nightingale (1820 – 1910) was a British nurse who was among some of the first women to serve in the army. She was appointed to help during the Crimean war at Scutari Barracks alongside 38 other nurses. The appalling conditions she found in the barracks later led her to the conclusion that there was a need for greater sanitation within the armed forces. Series E: Issued 1992 & Revised 1993 The current note in use today is the re-released version of the series E. Originally the series E was released in 1992 and featured Charles Dickens on the reverse with a scene from The Pickwick Papers. Designed by Roger Withington it was revised in 1993 to include the “£10” on the upper right on both sides (replacing the crown on the front). It is mostly an orange brown colour, although is classified as multi-coloured by the bank of England. Charles Dickens (1812 – 1870) was a British author whose classic literature works are known the world over. He rose from working in a factory to writing for newspapers and eventually went on to produce some of his most famous work; David Copperfield and Great Expectations.   Series E Re-Design: Issued 2000 The current series E £10 note in use today keeps a similar style to the original 1993 note but replaces Charles Dickens with Charles Darwin. Alongside Darwin is a depiction of the famous ship HMS Beagle heading out to sea, as well as Darwin’s magnifying glass and a Hummingbird, these items are supposed to represent his controversial and pioneering book The Origin of Species. The Hummingbird on this note has caused some controversy in itself. Professor Steve Jones, of University College London told The Guardian newspaper that there are no Hummingbirds on the Galapagos Islands, and that Mockingbirds and Finches were what led Darwin to thinking of evolution. In fact there is no mention of Hummingbirds in The Origin of Species.T he Bank of England’s reply to this statement was: “th


Who won the Rugby League Challenge Cup in 1954, beating Halifax in a replay at Odsal Stadium, before a world record crowd for a Rugby League match of 102,000?

History of rugby league: History of Bradford Rugby League Club History of Bradford Rugby League Club 1863 - 1900: In the Beginning 1863: Bradford Rugby Club is created.1876: Manningham Albion is formed. Its name is shortened to Manningham in 1880.1884: Bradford win the Yorkshire Challenge Cup Trophy.1895: Bradford and Manningham are among 22 clubs that secede from the Rugby Football Union after an historic meeting at The George Hotel in Huddersfield, in response to a dispute over "broken time" payments to players. These 22 clubs form the Northern Rugby Union.1895-6: Manningham are the first winners of the Northern Union Championship. They also win the Yorkshire Senior Competition.1896-7: Manningham lose the second ever Challenge Cup final to Batley 7-0. The lineout is abolished and replaced with a punt from touch, and later, in 1901, a 10 yard scrum. 1901 - 1914: Pre-War 1903-4: Bradford finish top of the league level on points with Salford. They win the Championship play-off 5-0. Manningham turn to soccer and, as Bradford City, are elected to the Football League without playing a match.1905-6: Bradford win the Challenge Cup 5-0 against Salford and are runners up in the Championship.1906-7: Bradford win Yorkshire Cup 8-5 against Hull Kingston Rovers.The number of players making up a team is reduced from 15 a side to 13.1907: "The Great Betrayal". Bradford abandons the 13 a side Northern Union game to become a soccer club, Bradford Park Avenue. A new team BRADFORD NORTHERN is created to take their place in the Northern Union.First international tour of England - by New Zealand Rugby Union "rebels".1908: Australian and New Zealand Rugby League launched and the Australians tour England for the first time.1910: First British tour of Australia and New Zealand. 1919 - 1939: Northern Union to Rugby League 1922: Name of Northern Rugby Football Union changed to Rugby Football League.1933: Bradford Northern sign a ten year lease with the council for a former quarry being used as a waste dump at Odsal Top. Work begins to turn it into the largest stadium outside Wembley.First Rugby League match in France. Australia beat Great Britain in an exhibition match at the Stade Pershing in Paris1934: Bradford Northern move to Odsal Stadium and play their first match there on September 1st.La Ligue Francaise de Rugby a Treize (French Rugby League) formed. First international match between France and Great Britain.1938-9: The Halifax-Leeds Challenge Cup semi-final at Odsal on April 1st sets a new English attendence record of 64,453. 1940 - 1950: Wartime & Wembley 1940-41: Bradford beat Dewsbury 15-5 in the Yorkshire Cup final. Their try scorers are Trevor Foster (2) and W. Best, and the goal kicker George Carmichael (3).Also in 1941, Rugby League is banned in France during the German occupation in World War 2 (game re-established in 1946)1941-2: Bradford are the Championship runners up, but win the Yorkshire Cup final against Halifax 24-0. The try scorers are Davies (2), Best, Carter, Trevor Foster and H. Smith, with goals by Ernest Ward (2) and George Carmichael.1943-4: Bradford win a two leg Challenge Cup final against Wigan 8-0 on aggregate.1944-5: Bradford reach the Challenge Cup finals again but this time lose to Huddersfield 13-9 on aggregate. However they do win a two leg Yorkshire Cup final against Keighley 10-7 on aggragate. The try scorers are Trevor Foster and Ernest Ward (pictured top right), and the goal kickers James and Darlison.Also in 1944 a Rugby League Combined Services Team beat a Rugby Union Combined Services team at Odsal in a match played under Rugby Union rules.1945-46: Bradford win the Yorkshire Cup 5-2 against Wakefield Trinity, their try being scored by Frank Whitcombe (pictured left) and converted by George Carmichael.1946-7: Bradford beat Leeds 8-4 in the Challenge Cup final at Wembley. Bradford’s tries are scored by Trevor Foster and Emlyn Walters and converted by Ernest Ward. Willie Davies won the Lance Todd Trophy as man of the match.1947-8: Bradford go to Wembley again but lose the Challenge Cup to Wigan 8-3. B


Which wine area, in the Bordeaux region, lies between the River Gironde and the Atlantic coast?

The Bordeaux wine region | Poitou-Charentes and the Atlantic coast Guide | Rough Guides The Bordeaux wine region Europe » France » Poitou-Charentes and the Atlantic coast » The Bordeaux wine region Touring the local vineyards and sampling a few home-grown wines is one of the great pleasures of Bordeaux. The wine regions lie in a great semicircle around the city, starting with the Médoc in the north, then skirting east through St-Émilion, before finishing south of the city among the vineyards of the Sauternes. In between, the less prestigious districts are also worth investigating, especially Blaye, to the north of Bordeaux, and Entre-Deux-Mers, to the east. You will quickly see that there’s more to the region than wine. Many of the Médoc’s eighteenth-century châteaux are architectural treasures, while a vast fortress dominates the town of Blaye, and there’s an older, ruined castle at Villandraut on the edge of the Sauternes. St-Émilion, loved by tourists, is the prettiest of the wine towns, and has the unexpected bonus of a cavernous underground church. For scenic views you can’t beat the green, gentle hills of Entre-Deux-Mers and its ruined abbey, La Sauve-Majeur. Find out more