What is the official name of the spectator area at Wimbledon at the side of No. 1 Court known as Henman Hill or Murray Mound?

Why Wimbledon’s Henman Hill Will Never Become Murray Mound | Anglophenia | BBC America Why Wimbledon’s Henman Hill Will Never Become Murray Mound By Fraser McAlpine | 3 years ago Henman Hill  during a quiet moment (Pic: Wikipedia) Wimbledon fortnight begins today, which means there will be a lot of talk from British broadcasters about whether Andy Murray can retain his title, a lot of talk about strawberries and cream, and a LOT of talk about Henman Hill. For anyone without the deuce of an idea as to what or where this term refers, Henman Hill is a kind of grass amphitheater within the grounds of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club—the official name of the place where Wimbledon happens. It is just to the side of No. 1 court, which is the next best court to Centre Court, and there’s a huge TV screen there for people to watch key matches while eating a picnic lunch or drinking an alfresco dinner. The real name of the area is Aoraki Terrace, a throwback to the hill’s previous occupants, the London New Zealand Rugby Club. They moved out in 1981, leaving the name as a tribute to Mount Cook in New Zealand, which was named Aoraki by the Māori peoples. Ever since Wimbledon took over, the area has been a perfect place for journalists to grab tennis fans for their immediate reactions to the results of the day, so it has taken on an unofficial status as a fan hub for the entire tournament. So while it is named after a mighty slope that is hard to scale—Aoraki is the biggest mountain in New Zealand—it also acts as a repository for the eternal willing support of fans and supporters. What better metaphor could there be for the long, painful quest to find a local champion at the most celebrated tennis tournament in the world? Enter Tim Henman, a handsome and gifted player whose attempts to secure the championship in the 1990s were thwarted at the semi-final stage four times. Tim represented British hopes for Wimbledon, and his fans could often be heard shouting encouragement, not just from the seats in Centre Court, but from the side of Aoraki Terrace too. No sentence carries more of the desperate optimism of the British tennis fans of the time than the heartfelt, pleading “Come on, Tim!” squealed between shots. The press naturally loved this, referring to the phenomenon as Henmania and renaming Aoraki Terrace as Henman Hill. The interesting thing is that other players, while equally talented and as likely to secure a win as Tim, have failed to secure as permanent a tribute to their efforts. Greg Rusedski, for example, may have enjoyed a short period during which Henman Hill was known as Rusedski Ridge, but it faded quickly. Similarly Laura Robson and Heather Watson have yet to secure Robson Green (a pun on the British actor Robson Green) or Heather Hill as permanent titles. Henman Hill endures. Which just leaves Andy Murray. Surely, given his successes, he has a right to expect that area to be rechristened Murray Mound or Mount Murray? Well, Lord knows sports journalists have tried, but the answer is a bit yes and a lot no. The thing is, Henman Hill is a permanent memorial to thwarted British hopes, and whether anyone likes it or not, Tim Henman is the man who carries that Icarus reputation. It’s not an accusation of failure or any slight on Tim’s abilities as a player, Henman Hill is likely to remain Henman Hill because it was christened in an era when the idea that a British player could win was considered a fond, preposterous dream at best. And those desperate hopes are the kind that die hardest, even when someone actually comes along and achieves them. Plus, y’know, Andy Murray could lose. Then maybe it would be time for a rethink. See more:


BIOGRAPHY: Abba Lifetime Born: 16 12 1946 Birth place: Stockholm, Sweden Both Benny Andersson's father and grandfather were musicians and he was introduced to the accordion at a very young age. Benny had no patience for regular music lessons, preferring to pick up the instrument and play it. With obvious musical talent, he was able to easily do this with almost any instrument. By the age of 18, Benny’s favourite was the piano. He was with girlfriend Christina Gronvall at this time. She had fallen pregnant with the first of their two children when Benny was only 15-years-old. After graduating from high school, Benny was invited to join The Hep Stars, a popular Swedish beat group with a huge teenage girl fanbase. It was during this time that he met fellow young songwriter Bjorn Ulvaeus. Benny remained with The Hep Stars for a number of successful years, until they disbanded in the late 1960s. He then joined forces with Bjorn and they released an LP together. Shortly after that, Bjorn and Benny’s girlfriends, Agnetha Faltskog and Anni-Frid Lyngstad, joined the duo. They formed the touring folk act Festfolket, which was not much of a success. The foursome then transformed into the legendary ABBA, finding international stardom and remarkable success. Bjorn Ulvaeus Born: 25 04 1945 Birth place: Gothenburg, Sweden Bjorn's first foray into music was with the folk music act The Hootenanny Singers, who had strong jazz and blues influences. They made their television debut in a Swedish talent contest in 1963. Bjorn joined up with Benny Andersson to write songs. One of these, 'Isn’t it Easy to Say', was a hit for The Hep Stars, and Bjorn sometimes guested with the band when they were on tour. At one point, it was suggested that The Hep Stars and The Hootenanny Singers merge to form one band, although this never happened. Stig Anderson, manager of The Hootenay Singers and founder of Polar Music, saw Benny and Bjorn’s collective potential and encouraged them to write more songs in order to release an album. They followed his advice and Polar Music released their album 'Lycka' ('Happiness') in 1970. Benny and Bjorn went on to release a further six singles. They also wrote a significant amount of music for the Polar label before joining with their girlfriends, Anni-Frid and Agnetha, to form ABBA, under the management of Stig Anderson. Anni-Frid Lyngstad Born: 15 11 1945 Birth place: Narvik, Norway Anni-Frid’s mother, young Norwegian Synni Lyngstad, had an affair with German officer, Alfred Haase, during World War II. It was at the end of the war, when he returned to his country, that Synni discovered she was pregnant with his child. She gave birth to Anni-Frid (Frida, as she was later known) in the small Norwegian town of Narvik. To avoid being punished as a collaborator, Synni took her baby daughter to Torshalla, Sweden. When Frida was only two-years-old, her mother died and her grandmother, who always encouraged her to sing, raised her. In 1957, at age 13, Frida made her stage debut at a Red Cross charity event. She met her boyfriend, Ragnar Fredriksson, when she was 15 and they had a son, Hans, when Frida was only 17. Shortly after Hans’s birth, Frida and Ragnar married and they had their second child, Lise-Lotte, a few years later. Frida, a part-time cabaret singer, was fully committed to her burgeoning music career and was not prepared to give it up to be a full-time mother. This caused tensions in the marriage and eventually they divorced. Frida left her children in the care of their father, Ragnar, and her grandmother (“Mamma”), and went to live in Stockholm. It was here that Frida met Benny Andersson, at the folkpark tour, and they were soon a couple. Benny invited her to sing backing vocals with Agnetha Faltskog, Bjorn’s girlfriend, on the 'Lycka' album. Both women were uncredited for this work. Soon after this, the foursome became ABBA. Benny produced Frida’s only solo LP during the ABBA years, 'Frida Ensam' (1975), which included an earlier, Swedish hit single version of 'Fernando'. Agnetha Faltskog Born: 05 04 1950 Birth pla


1510 How happy is the little Stone   by Emily Dickinson   | The Writer's Almanac with Garrison Keillor The Writer's Almanac with Garrison Keillor Poem: "How happy is the little Stone," by Emily Dickinson. How happy is the little Stone How happy is the little Stone That rambles in the Road alone, And doesn't care about Careers And Exigencies never fears Whose Coat of elemental Brown A passing Universe put on, And independent as the Sun Associates or glows alone, Fulfilling absolute Decree In casual simplicity It was on this day in 1928 that the first cartoon with a synchronized soundtrack, Walt Disney's "Steamboat Willie," was premiered in New York City. The cartoon featured a mouse named Mortimer, for whom Mr. Disney himself provided a squeaky voice. Mrs. Disney felt the name Mortimer was too stuffy, so it was later changed to Mickey. It's the birthday of the American novelist and poet James Welch, born in Browning, Montana (1940). His father was a Blackfoot Indian, and his experiences growing up on Blackfoot and Fort Belknap reservations in Montana underlie his writing. His historical novel Fool's Crow (1986) mixes legend and history to tell the story of a branch of the Montana Blackfoot in the period following the Civil War. His most recent novel, The Heartsong of Charging Elk (2000), is also historical: It follows the real life story of an Oglala Sioux who became part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. It's the birthday of the Canadian novelist, critic, and poet Margaret Eleanor Atwood , born in Ottowa (1939). She has published 20 books of poetry, 11 novels, two books of literary criticism, three children's books, and a great deal of journalism, winning 57 awards as diverse as Ms. magazine's Woman of the Year award, the Government of France's Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and the Arthur C. Clarke award for best science fiction. Her most recent novel, Blind Assassin (2000), won the Booker Prize and the International Association of Crime Writer's 2001 Dashiell Hammett prize. It's the birthday of the English playwright and humorist Sir William Schwenk Gilbert , born in London (1836). He studied law and was called to the bar in 1863, but his enthusiasm for writing always outweighed his legal ambitions. His first published work, when he was 21, was a translation of a French "laughing song" which was printed in the program of the Covent Garden Promenade concerts. He confessed that he attended many of these concerts just to watch people reading his translation. In 1861 a new weekly paper, Fun, modeled after Punch, was launched in London, and he began writing and illustrating nonsense verse for it, signing this work with the pseudonym Bab, which he had used since childhood. A decade of these weekly contributions, which made him a favorite of London readers at the time, were collected and published as The Bab Ballads (1869) and as More Bab Ballads (1873). These short narrative poems were a rich source of material for the librettos that he later wrote and for which he is most famous today. His first collaboration with Sir Arthur Sullivan came in 1871 with Thespis, or the Gods Grown Old. Their second work, the one-act Trial by Jury (1875), established the names Gilbert and Sullivan as a sort of trademark. Twelve other operettas staged over 20 years include H. M. S. Pinafore (1878), Pirates of Penzance (1880), and The Mikado (1885). The partners often fought between themselves. It's the birthday of the American botanist Asa Gray, born in Oneida County, New York (1810). He wrote many books on the subject of botany, aimed at audiences of different educational backgrounds, but his great work was a comprehensive flora, the Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, first published in 1848, and subsequently in many editions. He was a close colleague and avid supporter of Charles Darwin and his defense of the theory of natural selection, coming, as it did, from a devout Christian, undermined the popular notion of his day that to be an evolutionist was to be an atheist. His essays on Darwin's theories we


Apple - Braeburn - tasting notes, identification, reviews (Use the form at the bottom to add your own comments about this variety) 26 Apr 2015  Francoise & Emilee,  WA, United States Good flavor, crispy, sweet and tart, doesn't brown fast. 27 Jun 2014  Wendy Tan,  KUALA LUMPUR, Indonesia The only kind of apple I eat anymore, ever since I first picked some up from a supermarket in Europe a few years ago. My conversion was instant, I'd never tasted more enticingly fragrant and complex flavours :) 08 Feb 2014  Chris,  CO, United States Can't go wrong with Braeburns when Honeycrisps get too expensive during the winter months. They're cheap, but that shouldn't scare away apple lovers. The vast majority of Braeburns I've had retain their crisp and juicy crunch. They're still better than a lot of the newer "designer" cultivars, like the Envy, and a heckuva lot cheaper. 04 Apr 2013  Christopher Zurek,  MINNESOTA, United States I first discovered Breaburn apples about 20 years ago at Cub Foods. At that time all of this variety were from New Zealand and quite good. Three or four years ago I bought some that were grown here in the USA and they were not as good. So now if I was a Braeburn I look for the New Zealand stickers. 03 Mar 2013  Baxmobile@Yahoo.Com,  WA, United States Just way too hit or miss for my tastes. I've had great ones, but I've always had many, many horrible ones that I couldn't come close to finishing. Give me the reliable excellence of a Honey Crisp any day of the week. 04 Oct 2012  Mary,  WASHINGTON, United States I am a Braeburn apple fanatic and reading this page was like finding a gold mine. I'm from the Pacific northwest and while all my friends are ranting and raving about Honeycrisp apples, I continue to defend why Braeburns are superior. Seriously, people don't try tons of varieties here, they just dash for the apples with the most appealing name. 13 Apr 2012  Mel,  HANTS, United Kingdom Alasdair, you won't be able to grow a true apple from seed. All apples are grafted onto a rootstock. You will be very dissapointed if you are hoping to grow an apple from a pip!  Naimh, I have just bought a Braeburn in the LIDL shop, they have lots of fruit trees for £10a at this time of year, but you have to be quick, they sell out fast! 08 Feb 2012  Jessica,  GEORGIA, United States Very sweet and juicy. Delicious! 02 Dec 2011  Meagan Dahl,  TN, United States I was thrilled to see this variety at my local grocers this season. However, the first Braeburn I bought was rotten when I cut into it - with no outside hints to that fact. I was disappointed, but picked up another one on my next trip. At the store, I noticed there were green/yellow/red Braeburns and also dominantly dark red ones. I tried to do a quick search on my phone to see which I should get. I ended up picking out a dark red one as I tend to favor red apples. I was so disappointed in this apple! I had high expectations since it's in the top ten varieties on this site - which I love. It turned out to be too hard, bland, and somewhat chalky (?). Not a pleasant apple at all! I almost threw it out, but didn't want to waste nutrition. I will not be eating one of these again. My least favorite apple.  My favorite apples are MacIntosh and Honeycrisp, so if those aren't to your liking, maybe you will like this apple. 19 Jan 2011  Steve,  CA, United States I only buy Braeburn apples imported from New Zealand. After several years of trying, it is obvious the apple growers in the United States just can't do it right. 26 Aug 2010  John,  SOMERSET, United Kingdom I hope Audrey Landis also of Somerset (but on the other side of the pond) or anyone else who eats any apple before bedtime, cleans their teeth afterwards as apple acid is very corrosive to teeth. Sorry to sound like a killjoy, though Braeburns are lovely apples 05 Apr 2010  Alasdair,  ARGYLL AND BUTE, United Kingdom I have just planted braeburn seeds before reading the information on the page. Unfortunately, I live on the Isle Of Islay where there's more rain than sunshine. What do I do? 04 Jan 2010  Mark K


What is a tabular display of the chemical elements, the invention of which is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, who intended the table to illustrate recurring trends in the properties of the elements?

Elements - Periodic Table - Android Apps on Google Play Elements - Periodic Table This application is a SIMPLE periodic table of the chemical elements. About ***** The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular display of the chemical elements. Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, who intended the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior. Features - The periodic table (zoomable and in some devices pinch-zoomable) - Descriptions and illustrations of the elements (touch element for information) The following properties are displayed for each element if the value is currently known by science. Name, Specific heat capacity (25 ∞C) Oxidation states Speed of sound (thin rod) Young's modulus Note: Ad supported application. For ad free version buy Elements - Periodic Table Pro Read more Was ok but... After latest "fix" the app crashes & freezes my phone. Uninstalling. pijush bhaduri He2+ The best app that I have ever installed for learning the classification of elements of periodic table. lalit kumar It provide all the informations u desire.Really awesome app. Israfeel Khan periodic table vary good table I like it 100% Jenny Shery Waziri So good its helps so much in my studies Satya Prakash Kosuri Elements in ur pocket Its very helpfull for quick understandinding...the chemistry User reviews Full Review pijush bhaduri June 30, 2016 He2+ The best app that I have ever installed for learning the classification of elements of periodic table. lalit kumar June 15, 2014 It provide all the informations u desire.Really awesome app. Israfeel Khan February 21, 2015 periodic table vary good table I like it 100% Jenny Shery Waziri May 17, 2014 So good its helps so much in my studies Satya Prakash Kosuri October 4, 2014 Elements in ur pocket Its very helpfull for quick understandinding...the chemistry Tanmoy Shome May 12, 2014 Awesome Marks hv really improvd woth this app... really nice 1.... Tahir Ch November 21, 2014 Superb App. It gives all the basic information and it is really very useful. AGAM BHASH May 15, 2015 soo good app for computing its agood app to know about the element more & more... Suteerna Mullick August 4, 2014 Fully encyclopedia Gives complete info abt all the elements Chad Hynes August 19, 2014 Not a big fan Tan Alfred October 6, 2014 I already now cabon!! Aashutosh Shinde August 9, 2014 Awesome Very useful.....!.. :-) Soumya Ranjan Sahu May 8, 2014 Knowlegeous Good app dhirendra sharma September 21, 2014 Nice App yaron Devyani Soni July 23, 2014 W oo oo oo oo Right Nischay Shakya June 28, 2014 No valency Lokesh Kumar October 30, 2014 Smart Mast hai boss Biswanath Debnath September 1, 2014 HUGE DATABASE!!!! SIMPLY AWESOME Rounak Limba December 1, 2016 It is very usefull for me... Cain Graziano November 9, 2014 Love it Highly recommend Shah Khalid March 26, 2015 Shah Super it is nice ATIT PATEL February 10, 2016 Good for Chemistry Students Rahul Kavital October 24, 2016 very good app Shahbaz Malik September 1, 2014 Thnx Good Astik Pawar September 2, 2014 Great... Good app ravi gond January 10, 2015 Ok Ok Aniruddh Tripathi December 1, 2014 Its good Anushka Kumar August 20, 2014 Perfect Phoenix AZ April 27, 2014 Great A Google User May 3, 2014 Great NEERAJ KUMAR August 31, 2014 Good Muharrem Karaoglu March 13, 2015 Loved it ram singh May 31, 2015 Fantastic Full Review Ron Michel March 18, 2014 well it is a periodic table you do day simple, hate programs that Google or wiki for me.... self contain your info, if you don't want to copy someone's stuff (respect to that) don't link to it, write your own stuff. nothing like seeing your internet is off could not find blahblah.wiki .... A Google User November 23, 2012 Saair Nice app but just need more detail of element found year and founder A Google User September 1, 2


"In the TV series ""Boston Legal"", who played the character of Denny Crane?"

Boston Legal (Series) - TV Tropes Boston Legal You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share Timeline Yup, it's that kind of show. "You're thinking. I used to do that, but when you grow old, you realise what it's all about: Money." — Denny Crane Boston Legal is a legal dramedy series than ran on ABC from 2004 to 2008. It was to the Bunny-Ears Lawyer trope what House is to Dr. Jerk . The series starts as a senior partner at the firm goes completely insane and has to be hauled off to a sanitarium — and the rest of the staff aren't models of mental wellness, either. They include a renowned trial lawyer in the early stages of Alzheimer's (affectionately referred to as Mad Cow Disease by him and the rest of the firm), several lawyers suffering from everything from extreme shyness to Asperger Syndrome , and the lead, who is merely lecherous and corrupt (although he, too, suffers from occasional mental issues ). Together they take on cases that are almost as odd as they are. Created by David E. Kelley . Technically a Spin-Off from The Practice , with which it shares Alan Shore, Denny Crane, a few female supporting roles who were victims of Chuck Cunningham Syndrome or otherwise Put on a Bus , and virtually nothing else. It ran for a total of 101 episodes in five seasons. Boston Legal provides examples of: Accuse the Witness Jeffrey Coho takes this Up to Eleven during his big trial. He accuses three separate witnesses of being the murderer, including the husband and the neighbor of the victim. Lastly, he accuses the mother of a defendant of being the real murderer of the defendant's lover, in order to get the son acquitted. While Jeffrey thinks their story of the mother being in an incestuous relationship with her son and having killed out of jealousy is just a cover story, it's actually true. Alan does this in an overly melodramatic and obviously insincere manner during another trial, and tries to excuse it to the judge by saying he had to do something to distract the jury from the witness's damaging testimony. This is played straight in another episode where Katie Lloyd asks the husband of the victim if he was the murderer. Subverted in yet another episode, where Alan and Denny separately represent two sons who are both accused of killing their father. They secretly agree to have both the boys accuse the other one of being the murderer while on the stand, while pretending that they each pulled this trick on the other. The jury can't decide if it was one boy or the other, or if it was both boys, or someone else entirely, creating reasonable doubt. Activist Fundamentalist Antics : One episode had two religious groups suing each other for blasphemy-related charges. Adrenaline Time : Done for transitions between scenes, usually showing one character dramatically walking to the next scene. Also appears in the intros. Amoral Attorney : Inverted in Alan Shore (he's more than happy, eager even, to bend or break legal ethics to uphold his own moral ones). And Starring : James Spader leads off, Candice Bergen gets the "with" and William Shatner brings up the rear with the "and." Aroused by Their Voice : Shirley can get Denny hot and bothered just by whispering his name. Asshole Victim : Used sometimes, such as when Catherine Piper kills Bernard, who gloats about his two murders making him feel godlike, or when a man who used his money to get him skilled lawyers who engineered a not guilty plea is killed by his victim's mother. Author Tract : Especially in the later years, many cases involved the firm getting involved in political issues and Alan Shore would invariably deliver a closing argument in the author's voice. Lampshaded in "Selling Sickness": Judge Weldon: Counsel, what are you doing? Alan: [standing on crate] Getting on my soapbox, Your Honor, I do it once a week. Backdoor Pilot : The final season of The Practice . Bathos : The Series. For just one example, Denny Crane presenting an articulate, rational, and reasonable argument against gun control... while dressed as a revolutionary war soldier with


What is the name for playing the notes of a chord in sequence rather than all together?

chord chord The chord of C major as played on         a piano A chord is a set of two, three, or more notes ,      usually spaced at harmonious intervals ,      that are played simultaneously. When the notes making up a chord are played      sequentially rather than simultaneously, the result is known as an arpeggio .      A slang term for a chord is a change. A chord    progression or chord sequence is a series of chords      played in succession. The most commonly encountered chords are the major and minor triads ,      and the augmented and diminished triads. Chords are named after their root    note , or tonic . For example, the chord      of C major is made up of the notes C, E (the major third )      and G (the fifth ). A chord with just two notes      is called a diad; a particularly effective form is the power chord (root plus fifth). A chord      with four notes is a tetrad. More complex chords are possible      but not encountered much outside of certain musical genres such as jazz      and fusion. Chords are one of the basic elements of harmony – in other words, the playing together of notes that sound harmonious      or pleasing to the ear. The system of chords comes about through the harmonization      of scales . This means simply the playing simultaneously      of notes from a scale that sound good together. A little     bit of history Originally, music was written one line at a time, usually for singers or      small instrumental groups. When music evolved to have more than one line      sung or played at the same time, people found that certain notes sounded      good together, and other notes didn't. As a result, rules were created that      stated what intervals could be played harmoniously together – for      example, thirds, fifths, and sixths. To begin with, composers didn't think      of chords; what they did think about were individual lines of melody that      intersected to form what we know today as chords. It wasn't until Jean-Philippe      Rameau theorized about chords in the 18th century that chords were named      and understood. But as with a lot of theory, Rameau spoke about chords after      they happened, so all he did was name something that already existed. Rameau spoke of groupings called triads – three-note chords built      on fifths. He theorized that triads are formed by stacking or harmonizing      a major scale. And what he thought back in 1722 still holds true today. The harmonized major scale Chords and harmony come from a harmonized major scale. The easiest way to      understand the process of constructing chords is to start with the simplest      and most common of scales – the major    scale . Consider the notes of the C major scale. These are simply the      white notes on the piano, beginning on C: C 7 1 Its root note is B but the chord is neither B major nor B minor. Both intervals      above the root are a minor third, which makes this a diminished    chord – B diminished. So now we have the full set of triads based on the harmonized scale of C      major: C major   D minor   E      minor   F major   G major   A      minor   B diminished   C major Harmonized C major scale These can be played as full chords (with some notes appearing twice, one      or two octaves apart) on the guitar in open position like this: Harmonized chords of C major played         on guitar (with some doubling of notes) The principle is the same for finding any major triad. All we have to do      is take the first, third, and fifth notes of the major scale. For example,      to find an E major chord, write out the notes of the E major scale (E, F♯,      G♯, A, B, C♯, D♯, E) and select the first (E), third (G♯),      and the fifth (B). Minor triads To form a minor chord, the third of the corresponding major chord has to


Which country gained its independence from Australia on 16 September 1975?

Independence of Papua New Guinea, 1975 - Fact sheet 261 – National Archives of Australia, Australian Government Publications and podcasts Independence of Papua New Guinea, 1975 – Fact sheet 261 The nation of Papua New Guinea achieved its independence from Australia on 16 September 1975. Officiating at the main ceremony held in Port Moresby were His Royal Highness Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (representing Queen Elizabeth II, the British monarch); Sir John Kerr, Governor-General of Australia; Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam; and Chief Minister of Papua New Guinea, Michael Somare, who became the country's first Prime Minister. The new country became a constitutional monarchy with membership of the British Commonwealth. Australian administration, 1906–75 Papua New Guinea was administered by Australia as a single territory from 1945. It comprised the former British protectorate of Papua – which had been an Australian territory since 1906 – and the former German colony of New Guinea, which became Australia's responsibility as a Mandated Territory of the League of Nations (1921–42) and a United Nations Trust Territory following World War II. Territory administration was the responsibility of an Australian Government Administrator who reported to the Australian Department of External Territories (Department of Territories, 1951–68) and, from 1973, to the Papua New Guinea Office. From 1951, the Administrator was assisted by an appointed Legislative Council, which in 1964 was replaced by an elected House of Assembly. As a prelude to independence, Papua New Guinea became a self-governing territory on 1 December 1973. Records about the independence of Papua New Guinea The National Archives holds a wide range of records documenting the processes that led to Papua New Guinea independence. These include records of key agencies such as the Department of External Territories (and Territories), Department of Foreign Affairs, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, and the Attorney-General’s Department. Photographs of independence day ceremonies and celebrations are also held. Record series relating to Papua New Guinea independence A selection of the National Archives holdings is listed below by series. You can find records of interest using RecordSearch – search using the series number shown and narrow results by using keywords such as 'papua new guinea' and 'papua new guinea independence'. Administrative files


What is changed at Buckingham Palace regularly, that is a tourist attraction?

Buckingham Palace, London - Tourist Information UK Tourist Information UK Home > Castles, Palaces & Stately Homes > Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace, London Buckingham Palace’s 19 state rooms are open to visitors during August and September while the Queen makes her annual visit to Balmoral. The State rooms house some of the Royal family’s greatest treasures including paintings by Rembrandt, Rubens, Poussin and Canaletto. They are also exquisitely furnished with some of the finest French and English furniture. Visit the spectacular Palace Ballroom and see the traditional horseshoe-shaped table lavishly decorated for a State Banquet. On display you can see the silver gilt from the Grand service, first used to celebrate the birthday of George III in 1811 as well as jewelled cups, ivory tankards, chased dishes, sconces, shields and basins. The end of the tour takes you along the south side of the Palace’s gardens with views of the west front of the Palace and the lake. The Changing of the Guard takes place in the forecourt of Buckingham Palace at 11.30 every day in summer, every other day in winter, and lasts about 45 minutes. The New Guard marches to the Palace from Wellington Barracks with a Guards band, the Old Guard hands over in a ceremony during which the sentries are changed and then returns to barracks. The New Guard then marches to St James's Palace leaving the detachment at Buckingham Palace. The nearest tube stations are Green Park, Victoria, Hyde Park Corner and St. James's Park. Opening Times


"What is the ""national"" and ""first official"" language of The Republic of Ireland?"

Languages Spoken in Ireland - Lexiophiles Languages Spoken in Ireland English There appears to be a common misconception abroad, that the Irish language is a dialect of English. Some people don’t realise that Ireland has 2 official languages. The principal functional language of most residents is English, though most of the population has the ability to use some Irish. Under the Irish constitution, both languages have official status, with Irish being the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland. It is recognised as a minority language in Northern Ireland. Irish is also an official language of the European Union. Here are some examples of Irish and English phrases to show how different the two languages are! Irish: Cén t-am é? What time is it? The Irish language is one of several Celtic languages which were once widely spoken across Western and Northern Europe. In later years, the Celtic languages died out in most areas. However, they survived up to the present in Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Nowadays, English is the mother tongue of most Irish people. Irish is a compulsory subject at school and students must study it from the age of 4 when they begin school through until the end of secondary school. Areas where Irish is the vernacular, are called Gaeltacht areas. Major concentrations of Irish speakers are in the western counties of Donegal Mayo, Galway, Kerry and Cork. There are smaller concentrations in the counties of Waterford in the south and Meath in the east. Complete monolingualism of Irish is now restricted to a handful of elderly within more isolated Gaeltacht areas, as well as among mother-tongue speakers of Irish under school age. It is estimated that about 80,000 people (3% of the population) are native speakers of Irish, with many more who are reasonably fluent second-language speakers. An estimated 400,000 people (10% of the population) are classed as fluent speakers of the language. The Irish language started to decline in the seventeenth century. Its reversal was a complex phenomenon and it is not easy to describe or analyze the processes involved. Irish was the most widely spoken language on the island of Ireland until the 19th century. The influence of the English government played a part in the decline of the language. Ireland and England had an uneasy, conflict-driven relationship starting in 1171 when King Henry II of England invaded Ireland. The combination of the introduction of a primary education system (the ‘National Schools’) in 1831, in which Irish was prohibited and only English taught by order of the British Government in Ireland, and the Great Famine (1845-1852), which hit an extremely high number of Irish language speakers (who lived in the poorer areas heavily hit by famine deaths and emigration), hastened its rapid decline. Irish political leaders, such as Daniel O’Connell (Dónall Ó Conaill), too were critical of the language, seeing it as ‘backward’, with English the language of the future. Children were not allowed to speak Irish and were severely beaten if they did so, as there was a stigma attached to it. English became the language which was associated with prosperity and employment. The Irish language began to experience a revival in the late 19th century, when the Gaelic League, or Conradh na Gaeilge, was formed to promote it. This coincided with a revival of Irish Nationalist sentiment and traditional Irish Culture. During this time period William Butler Yeats and others wrote poems and plays in English about traditional Irish heroes and myths. After the Irish republic gained independence in 1922, Irish was declared the first official language of the Republic. However, the new government still continued to use English as its primary language and the percentage of native Irish speakers continued to fall. For example, since Ireland gained independence the number of fluent Irish speakers has fallen from 250,000 to 80,000. The government of the Republic of Ireland has made many attempts to preserve the language, including requiring it as a school subject. Some


Where was the landing of the main invasion force on the Italian peninsula in World War II by the allied army (comprising the U.S. Fifth Army and the British Eighth Army) on 9 September 1943?

Allied invasion of Italy Allied invasion of Italy Part of the Italian Campaign of World War II Troops and vehicles being landed under shell fire during the invasion of mainland Italy at Salerno, September 1943. Date Heinrich von Vietinghoff Strength 189,000 (by 16 September) 100,000 Casualties and losses 2,009 killed 7,050 wounded 3,501 missing 3,500 casualties [1] (incl 630 killed) [1] The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place on 3 September 1943 during the early stages of the Italian Campaign of World War II . The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexander ‘s 15th Army Group (comprising Lieutenant General Mark Clark ‘s U.S. Fifth Army and General Bernard Montgomery ‘s British Eighth Army ) and followed the successful invasion of Sicily . The main invasion force landed around Salerno on 9 September on the western coast in Operation Avalanche, while two supporting operations took place in Calabria ( Operation Baytown ) and Taranto ( Operation Slapstick ). Contents Allied plan Map of the Invasion of Italy. Following the defeat of the Axis Powers in North Africa in May 1943, there was disagreement between the Allies as to what the next step should be. The British Prime Minister , Winston Churchill , in particular wanted to invade Italy, which in November 1942 he called “the soft underbelly of the axis” (and General Mark Clark , in contrast, later called “one tough gut”). [2] Popular support in Italy for the war was declining, and he believed an invasion would remove Italy, and thus the influence of Axis forces in the Mediterranean Sea , opening it to Allied traffic. This would reduce the amount of shipping capacity needed to supply Allied forces in the Middle East and Far East [3] at a time when the disposal of Allied shipping capacity was in crisis [4] and increase British and American supplies to the Soviet Union . In addition, it would tie down German forces. Joseph Stalin , the Soviet leader, had been pressing Churchill and Roosevelt to open a “second front” in Europe, which would lessen the German Army’s focus on the Eastern Front , where the bulk of its forces were fighting in the largest armed conflict in history. However the U.S. Army Chief of Staff , George Marshall , and much of the American staff wanted to avoid operations that might delay an invasion of Europe, discussed and planned as early as 1942, which finally materialized as Operation Overlord in 1944. When it became clear that no cross-channel invasion of occupied France could be undertaken in 1943, it was agreed to invade Sicily , with no commitment made to any follow-up operations. However, both Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt , the President of the United States , accepted the necessity of Allied armies continuing to engage the Axis in the period after a successful campaign in Sicily and before the start of one in northwest Europe. [5] The discussion continued through the Trident Conference in Washington in May but it was not until late July, after the course of the Sicilian campaign had become clear and with the fall of Benito Mussolini , the Italian fascist leader, that the Joint Chiefs of Staff instructed General Dwight D. Eisenhower , the Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean , to go ahead at the earliest possible date. [6] Joint Allied Force Headquarters were operationally responsible for all Allied land forces in the Mediterranean theatre , and it was they who planned and commanded the invasion of Sicily and the Italian mainland. The Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943, codenamed Operation Husky, was highly successful, although many of the Axis forces managed to avoid capture and escape to the mainland. The Axis viewed this as a success. More importantly in late July a coup deposed Mussolini as head of the Italian government, which then began approaching the Allies to make peace. It was believed a quick invasion of Italy might hasten an Italian surrender and produce quick military victories over the German troops that could be trapped fighting in a hostile country


Who was the spouse of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark when she ascended to the throne on 14 January 1972?

Margrethe II of Denmark - Countries of the world Countries of the world Head of State Margrethe II (Danish pronunciation: [mɑˈɡ̊ʁæːˀd̥ə]), sometimes anglicised as Margaret II (full name: Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid; born 16 April 1940) is the queen regnant of Denmark . As the eldest child of King Frederick IX and Ingrid of Sweden , she succeeded her father as following his death in 1972. On her accession on 14 January 1972, she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375–1412 during the Kalmar Union. Magrethe was born in 1940, but did not become heiress presumptive until 1953, when a constitutional amendment allowed women to inherit the throne (after it became clear that King Frederick was unlikely to have any male issue). In 1967, she married Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, with whom she has two sons: Crown Prince Frederik (born 1968) and Prince Joachim (born 1969). Early life Princess Margrethe was born on 16 April 1940 at Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen as the first child of Crown Prince Frederick and Crown Princess Ingrid of Denmark . Her father was the eldest son of King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine of Denmark , and her mother was the only daughter of Crown Prince Gustav Adolf and Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden . Her birth took place just one week after Nazi Germany 's invasion of Denmark on 9 April 1940. She was baptised on 14 May 1940 in the Church of Holmen in Copenhagen . The princess's godparents were King Christian X of Denmark , Prince Knud of Denmark , Prince Axel of Denmark , King Gustaf V of Sweden , Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden , Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn. She was named Margrethe after her maternal grandmother, Alexandrine after her paternal grandmother, and Ingrid after her mother. Since her paternal grandfather, the then-reigning King Christian X, was also the King of Iceland at the time, and Margrethe until 1944 was an Icelandic princess, the Princess was as a tribute to the people of Iceland given an Icelandic name, Þórhildur, consisting of "Thor" and the word for "battle" or "fight". The name is spelled with the thorn letter, which is a surviving rune, and is equivalent to "th". It is sometimes anglicized as Thorhildur.[2] When Margrethe was four years old, in 1944, her first sister Princess Benedikte was born. She later married Prince Richard of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and lives in Germany . Her third sister Princess Anne Marie was born in 1946. She later married Constantine II of Greece and now lives in London . On 20 April 1947, King Christian X died and Margrethe's father ascended the throne as King Frederick IX. Heiress presumptive The then Princess Margaret with Gamal Abdel Nasser in Cairo At the time of her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Denmark , owing to the changes in succession laws enacted in the 1850s when the Glücksburg branch was chosen to succeed. As she had no brothers, it was assumed that her uncle Prince Knud would one day assume the throne. The process of changing the constitution started in 1947, not long after her father ascended the throne and it became clear that Queen Ingrid would have no more children. The popularity of Frederik and his daughters and the more prominent role of women in Danish life started the complicated process of altering the constitution. That proposal had to be passed by two Parliaments in succession and then by a referendum, which was held on 27 March 1953. The new Act of Succession permitted female succession to the throne of Denmark , according to male-preference cognatic primogeniture, where a female can ascend to the throne only if she does not have a brother. Princess Margrethe therefore became heiress presumptive. On her eighteenth birthday, 16 April 1958, Margaret was given a seat in the Council of State. She subsequently chaired the meetings of the Council in the absence of the King. In mid-1960, together with the princesses of Sweden and Norway , she traveled to the United States , which


Which country launched an attack against the US naval base at Pearl Harbour in 1941?

Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 - A Date That Will Live in Infamy The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. (December 7, 1941).  (Picture courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration) Share By Jennifer Rosenberg On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. After just two hours of bombing, more than 2,400 Americans were dead, 21 ships* had either been sunk or damaged, and more than 188 U.S. aircraft destroyed. The attack at Pearl Harbor so outraged Americans that the U.S. abandoned its policy of isolationism and declared war on Japan the following day -- officially bringing the United States into World War II . Why Attack? The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the United States. They wanted to continue their expansion within Asia but the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japan's aggression. Negotiations to solve their differences had not been going well. Rather than giving in to U.S. demands, the Japanese decided to launch a surprise attack against the United States in an attempt to destroy the United States' naval power even before an official announcement of war was given. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know The Japanese Prepare for Attack The Japanese practiced and prepared carefully for their attack on Pearl Harbor. They knew their plan was extremely risky. The probability of success depended heavily on complete surprise. On November 26, 1941, the Japanese attack force, led by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo , left Etorofu Island in the Kurils (located northeast of Japan) and began its 3,000-mile journey across the Pacific Ocean. Sneaking six aircraft carriers, nine destroyers, two battleships, two heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, and three submarines across the Pacific Ocean was not an easy task. Worried that they might be spotted by another ship, the Japanese attack force continually zig-zagged and avoided major shipping lines. After a week and a half at sea, the attack force made it safely to its destination, about 230 miles north of the Hawaiian island of Oahu . The Attack On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began. At 6:00 a.m., the Japanese aircraft carriers began launching their planes amid rough sea. In total, 183 Japanese aircraft took to the air as part of the first wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor. At 7:15 a.m., the Japanese aircraft carriers, plagued by even rougher seas, launched 167 additional planes to participate in the second wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The first wave of Japanese planes reached the U.S. Naval Station at Pearl Harbor (located on the south side of the Hawaiian island of Oahu) at 7:55 a.m. on December 7, 1941. Just before the first bombs dropped on Pearl Harbor, Commander Mitsuo Fuchida , leader of the air attack, called out, "Tora! Tora! Tora!" ("Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!"), a coded message which told the entire Japanese navy that they had caught the Americans totally by surprise. Surprised at Pearl Harbor Sunday mornings were a time of leisure for many U.S. military personnel at Pearl Harbor. Many were either still asleep, in mess halls eating breakfast, or getting ready for church on the morning of December 7, 1941. They were completely unaware that an attack was imminent. Then the explosions started. The loud booms, pillars of smoke, and low-flying enemy aircraft shocked many into the realization that this was not a training exercise; Pearl Harbor was really under attack. Despite the surprise, many acted quickly. Within five minutes of the beginning of the attack, several gunners had reached their anti-aircraft guns and were trying to shoot down the Japanese planes. At 8:00 a.m., Admiral Husband Kimmel, in charge of Pearl Harbor, sent out a hurried dispatch to all in the U.S. naval fleet, "AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR X THIS IS NOT DRILL." The Attack on Battleship Row The Japanese had been


A Shiite terrorist group founded by Masan Sabbah in 1090 dedicated to the murder of enemy leaders led to which word in the English language?

2/24/2010 • MHQ An agent of the Order of Assassins (left, in white turban) fatally stabs Nizam al-Mulk, a Seljuk vizier, in 1092, the first of many political murders by the sect. The faces in this depiction, which was contained in an illustrated 14th-century manuscript, were later scratched out (Topkapi Palace Museum, Cami Al Tebari TSMK, Inv. No. H. 1653, folio 360b) During the Crusades, the Muslim sect known as the Assassins tamed more powerful enemies using a shocking means: murder For almost two centuries, from 1090 until 1273, the Order of Assassins played a singular and sinister role in the Middle East. A small Shiite sect more properly known as the Nizari Ismailis, the Assassins were relatively few, geographically dispersed, and despised as heretics by both the Sunni Muslim majority and even by most other Shiites. By conventional standards, the Assassins should have been no match for the superior conventional military power of any of their many enemies. But near the end of the 11th century, the charismatic and ruthless Hasan-i Sabbah forged this small, persecuted sect into one of the most lethally effective terrorist groups the world has ever known. Even the most powerful and carefully guarded rulers of the age—the Abbasid and Fatimid caliphs, the sultans and viziers of the Great Seljuk and Ayyubid empires, the princes of the Crusader states, and emirs who ruled important cities like Damascus, Homs, and Mosul—lived in dread of the chameleonlike Assassin agents. Known as a fida’i (one who risks his life voluntarily, from the Arabic word for “sacrifice”; the plural in Arabic is fidaiyn, or the present-day fedayeen), such an agent might spend months or even years stalking and infiltrating an enemy of his faith before plunging a dagger into the victim’s chest, often in a very public place. Perhaps most terrifying, the Assassins chose not only a close and personal manner of killing but performed it implacably, refusing to flee afterward and appearing to welcome their own swift death. Fanatical and disciplined, Hasan-i Sabbah and his successors were brilliant practitioners of asymmetric warfare. They developed a means of attack that negated most of their enemies’ advantages while requiring the Assassins to hazard only a small number of their own fighters. As with any effective form of deterrence, the Assassins’ targeted killings of hostile political, military, and religious leaders eventually produced a stable and lasting balance of power between them and their enemies, reducing the level of conflict and loss of life on both sides. Today, 750 years after the Mongols crushed them, the Assassins’ pioneering use of suicide terrorism, of murdering systematically though at times indiscriminately to achieve political ends, finds chilling echoes in the tactics of terrorist groups like Hamas, Hezbollah, and al Qaeda. But for Hasan-i Sabbah, acts of terror were a legitimate means of self-defense precisely because they focused on high-ranking enemy military, political, and religious leaders who had taken hostile actions against the Ismaili community. There is little doubt he would have viewed the tactics employed by modern Middle Eastern terrorist groups—particularly their targeting of unarmed civilians—with incomprehension and disdain. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632, the Muslim world was riven into two groups, Sunnis and Shiites. Shiites believed that only a divinely inspired imam could properly interpret the meaning of the Koran, considered by Muslims to contain God’s revelations to the prophet Muhammad, and the sayings (hadiths) of Muhammad; that only certain direct descendants of Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law Ali were qualified to assume the role of imam; and that the imam should exercise supreme political as well as spiritual authority over the Muslim community. The far more numerous Sunnis believed the Koran and hadiths could be understood through diligent study and the guidance of scholars. They accepted the leadership of caliphs who were not direct descendants of Ali. As the years passed, the Shiite com


What country co-hosted the Euro 2008 soccer competition with Switzerland?

Russian National Football / Soccer Team - RussiaTeam.com : Euro 2008 Austria Switzerland Basle  |  Geneva  |  Zurich  |  Berne  |  Vienna  |  Salzburg  |  Innsbruck  |  Klagenfurt EURO 2008 QUALIFYING GROUPS The top two in each of the seven groups will automatically qualify for  the finals. There are no play-offs. Austria and Switzerland automatically qualify as hosts. Euro  2008 Qualifying Groups UEFA EUROPEAN FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP The UEFA European Football Championship is the main football competition  of the men's national football teams governed by the UEFA. Held every  four years since 1960, in the even-numbered year between World Cup tournaments,  it was originally called the European Nations Cup, changing to the name  European Football Championship in 1968. Specific championships are often  referred to in the form "Euro 2008" or whichever year is appropriate. There is a UEFA Women's Championship inaugurated in 1984 and from 1997  held every four years, as well as a Men's Under-21 equivalent of the UEFA  European Championship tournament, taking place every two years. The competition Until 1976, only four teams qualified for the final tournament. From 1980  eight teams competed and in 1996 the tournament expanded again to the  current number of teams, 16. The competing teams are chosen by a series  of qualifying games: in 1960 and 1964 through home and away play-offs;  from 1968 through a combination of both qualifying groups and play-off  games. Until 1976, the host country was selected from the four finalists  after they were determined through qualifying. Since the expansion of  the final tournament starting from 1980, the host country, or countries,  have been chosen beforehand and qualify automatically. The defending champions  have never been granted an automatic place in the finals. Trophy The Henri Delaunay Trophy, which is awarded to the winner of the European  Football Championship, is named in honor of Henri Delaunay, the first  General Secretary of UEFA, who came up with the idea of a European championship  but died five years prior to the first tournament in 1960. His son Pierre  Delaunay was the person in charge of making the trophy.[1] Since the first tournament it has been awarded for the winning team to  keep for four years, until the next tournament. For the 2008 tournament,  the trophy was slightly remodelled making the trophy larger, as well as  minor cosmetic changes. The trophy was made 18 centimetres taller and  two kilograms heavier[2]. History In 1956, the groundwork for a European national team competition was laid.  Two years later, in 1958, the first European Nations Cup began. The original  format of the competition saw the early rounds played in home and away  matches between the countries on a knockout basis. This continued until  the semi-finals, where the remainder of the competition was played in  the host country, chosen from the four semi-finalists. Henri Delaunay was a footballing visionary. (�Getty Images) The French Football Federation's Henri Delaunay came up  with the idea of a European championship in 1927. Given the immense efforts  that Delaunay had put into setting up a European national teams competition,  UEFA deemed it appropriate that the inaugural competition be hosted by  France. The trophy presented to the competition winner still bears his  name. The first final was held in Paris and saw the Soviet Union defeat Yugoslavia,  after extra time, and be first to have their name engraved onto the trophy. The 1964 competition was the first European Nations Cup to be affected  by politics as it saw Greece refusing to play Albania as they were technically  (though not officially) at war. The finals were hosted by Spain, and they  saw the hosts beat the Soviet Union 2-1 in Madrid. The European Nations Cup changed its name to the UEFA European Football  Championship for 1968 and also a new format was introduced. Eight groups  of seeded teams played each other twice and the top side of each


Which Bulgarian-born artist is famous for wrapping landmarks and landscapes in fabric?

BBC News - Christo gets approval for US river artwork 9 November 2011 Last updated at 11:27 Christo gets approval for US river artwork Share this page Copyright © 2016 BBC. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read more. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so.


Natural Dyeing with Woad | Root Simple Natural Dyeing with Woad Share this post Earlier in the month while the boys stayed at home with Eric, I attended a French General workshop on dyeing with woad (Isatis tinctoria). Woad (from the Brassicaceae family, a cousin to broccoli & cauliflower) has been cultivated in Europe since ancient times. Woad was prized by Napoleon and used to dye his army’s uniforms. At one time, the production of woad was the cornerstone of the economy of the south of France. Indigo on the left. Woad on the right. To formulate the dye, the plant was cultivated and the leaves picked in the first year. The leaves are crushed and, originally, left to ferment in a vat for over a year. The pH of the vat was maintained with the urine of the male work force. The woad industry of the past supported what I imagine to be a coveted job of drinking beer & urinating. The fermented leaves were then dried into woad ball that were later pounded into a powder used for dyeing. During the elaborate cultivation and processing of the woad, it is impossible to tell if the work will yield a successful dye or in what shade. The nuanced formulation of woad dye fell out of favor with the advent of synthetic dyes. Diluted ammonia took the place of urine to maintain the pH of the dye vats I used. Denise Lambert from Bleu de Lectoure in the south of France lead the workshop on woad. In Toulouse, she grows and harvests acres of the plant in France and manufactures the dye. The formulation of a consistent woad pigment took Denise Lambert five years of research and experimentation. Denise demonstrated on how to slowly lower garments into the dye vats, careful to avoid air bubbles which would cause the fabric to dye unevenly, then she pulled out the material. As air hit the garment, the color changed from yellow to green to the ubiquitous blue of woad. Watching the oxidation happen so rapidly was almost like magic. I presoaked my garments for dyeing in water, then joined the rest of the group in a day long woad dye fest, learning the technique, returning to the vats to achieve desired shades, then setting the dye by immersing the garments in water & hanging them to dry. Stopping only for a delicious catered lunch, I quickly returning to the vats as the woad dye slowly started to loose it’s ability to transfer pigment. The sun moved very far west and the dyeing came to a close; I returned with the group to French General to celebrate with a glass of Lillet and great conversation. The Meng sisters at French General plan to hold another Woad Workshop on September 24, 2011. I highly recommend attending. Class size is limited. I know my curiosity to dye with natural pigments has been sparked. I look forward to learning more. More pictures of the workshop at Ramshackle Solid .


The first time that Roger Bannister ran under 4 minutes for a mile at an international meeting was at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, B.C. Which country was he representing?

The History of Metropolitan Vancouver - 1954 Chronology This year is sponsored . ******************************************* You'll note that this year includes events listed under Also        in . . . These are events for which we don't have a specific        date. If YOU know the specific date of an event shown there, please        notify us . . . and cite the source! Many thanks! ******************************************* January The Nine OClock Gun in Stanley        Park, which had been in the open for six decades, was housed in        a granite and wire-mesh cupola. February 4 The present Granville Street Bridge        opened, replacing one that had served since 1909. A million cars        would cross over the bridge in its first month. Mayor Fred Hume        told a special luncheon at the Hotel Vancouver on opening day, Were        celebrating the official opening of the largest single project ever        attempted by the city. As citizens of Vancouver we are entitled        to crow a bit because we have accomplished this feat single-handed. He told the luncheon there had been no formal assistance given        by any other government body. At the end of the luncheon Ald.        Birt Showler presented bridge worker Charles Geisser with the silver        shears Geisser had used to cut the ribbon at the formal opening        of the bridge a few hours earlier. The eight-lane structure was built on the same alignment        as the first (1889) bridge, but longer and higher (27.4 metres above        False Creek). Steel plate girders salvaged from the second (1909)        bridge made barges for constructing the foundations of the Oak Street        Bridge. The first civilian to drive over the        1954 bridge was the same woman who was first to drive over the second        bridge in 1909. She had been widowed in between the two openings,        and so had a different name . . . but both times she was at the        wheel of a brand-new Cadillac! March 2 The Chinese Free Press began        to publish in Vancouver. March 8 John Lawson, West Vancouver's first        permanent white settler, died in Vancouver, aged 93. He was born        April 15, 1860 in Cheltenham, Ont. Lawson arrived in B.C. in 1887.        After 21 years as a railroad worker he bought property in the West        Vancouver area in 1903. He planted holly trees by a burn (stream) on the property, coining the name Hollyburn. He was the        second reeve of West Vancouver (1913). Lawson developed a ferry        service to Vancouver in 1909, with the 35-foot launch, West Vancouver.        He later replaced it with the Seafoam, a 60-footer. He established        the first school at Capilano, was first postmaster and telephone        agent. The history of West Vancouver, it has been said, is the history of John Lawson. April 1 The first families moved into the        Little Mountain housing project. April 16 Professor Francis died.        He was an eccentric, erudite and cultured, and crashed parties of        all kinds, less than elegantly dressed, speaking at length (and        with real knowledge) about any number of subjects. He became a fixture        on the citys social scene. May 8 William Watts, boat builder, died in        West Vancouver, aged about 92. He was born, writes Constance        Brissenden, in 1862 in Collingwood, Ont. He came to Vancouver        in 1887 with partner Edward Trott. For three summers, they ferried        miners up Harrison Lake. In 1889 he opened a boat-building business,        Watts and Trott (which later became Vancouver Shipyards). Their        firm built the city's first steamboat. Watts was a record-breaking        rower, sailor, sport fisher an


A cummerbund is worn on which part of the body?

Cummerbund | Definition of Cummerbund by Merriam-Webster noun cum·mer·bund \ˈkə-mər-ˌbənd, ˈkəm-bər-\ Definition of cummerbund for English Language Learners : a wide piece of cloth (such as silk) that is worn around the waist beneath the jacket of a man who is formally dressed Learn More about cummerbund


What is the oldest and southernmost city in Russia, with 7 miles of city wall?

A Closer Look And History Of The Derbent - YouTube A Closer Look And History Of The Derbent Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Sep 6, 2015 Derbent (Russian: Дербе́нт; Azerbaijani: Dərbənd; Lezgian: Кьвевар; Avar: Дербенд), formerly romanized as Derbend, is a city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the Caspian Sea, north of the Azerbaijani border. It is the southernmost city in Russia, and it is the second-most important city of Dagestan. Population: 119,200 (2010 Census); 101,031 (2002 Census); 78,371 (1989 Census). Derbent occupies the narrow gateway between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mountains connecting the Eurasian steppes to the north and the Iranian Plateau to the south. Derbent claims to be the oldest city in Russia with historical documentation dating to the 8th century BCE. Due to its strategic location, over the course of history, the city changed ownership many times, particularly among the Persian, Arab, Mongol, Timurid, Shirvan and Iranian kingdoms. In the course of the 19th century, the city eventually permanently passed from Iranian into Russian hands by the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan The city's etymology derives from the Persian Darband (دربند), meaning "locked gate", and it is often identified with the legendary Gates of Alexander. The Persian etymology for the city came into use in the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century CE, when the city was re-established by Kavadh I of the Sassanid dynasty of Persia, however, Derbent was probably already into the Sasanian sphere of influence as a result of the victory over the Parthians and the conquest of Caucasian Albania by Shapur I, the first shah of the Sassanid Persians. Since antiquity, the value of the area as the gate to the Caucasus has been understood, and Derbent has archaeological structures over 5,000 years old. As a result of this geographic particularity, the city developed between two walls, stretching from the mountains to the sea. These fortifications were continuously employed for a millennium and a half, longer than any other extant fortress in the world.[citation needed] Over the years, different nations gave the city different names, but all connected to the word gate; its name in Persian is Darband, which means "closed gates". History Persian rule A traditionally and historically Iranian city, the first intensive settlement in the Derbent area dates from the 8th century BCE; the site was intermittently controlled by the Persian monarchs, starting from the 6th century BCE. Until the 4th century CE, it was part of Caucasian Albania which was a satrap of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, and is traditionally identified with Albana, the capital. The modern name is a Persian word (دربند Darband) meaning "gateway", which came into use in the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century CE, when the city was re-established by Kavadh I of the Sassanid dynasty of Persia, however, Derbent was probably already into the Sasanian sphere of influence as a result of the victory over the Parthians and the conquest of Caucasian Albania by Shapur I, the first shah of the Sassanid Persians. In the 5th century Derbent also functioned as a border fortress and the seat of a Sassanid marzban. The 20-meter-high (66 ft) walls with thirty north-looking towers are believed to belong to the time of Kavadh's son, Khosrau I. Some say that the level of the Caspian was formerly higher and that the lowering of the water level opened an invasion route that had to be fortified. The chronicler Movses Kagankatvatsi wrote about "the wondrous walls, for whose construction the Persian kings exhausted our country, recruiting architects and collecting building materials with a view of constructing a great edifice stretching between the Caucasus Mountains and the


In which country did student protest leader Steve Biko die while in police custody in 1977?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 12 | 1977: Steve Biko dies in custody 1977: Steve Biko dies in custody The leader of the black consciousness movement in South Africa, Steve Biko, has died in police custody. The 30-year-old's death was confirmed by the commissioner of police, General Gert Prinsloo, today. It is understood Mr Biko died in hospital in Pretoria. The government minister of Justice and Police, James Kruger, stated that Mr Biko had been transferred 740 miles (1,191 km) from Port Elizabeth to Pretoria for medical attention following a seven-day hunger strike. Mr Biko had been in custody since 18 August when he was arrested and detained under the Terrorism Act. He is the 20th person to die in custody during the past 18 months. Medical student Steve Biko was born in King William's Town in the Eastern Cape of South Africa in 1946. He became active in the anti-apartheid movement in 1960s when he was studying medicine at the University of Natal. He initially joined the National Union of South African Students' (NUSAS) but resigned in 1969 because he felt it did not represent the needs of black students. He set up the South African Students' Organisation (SASO) in 1968 and was elected its first president the following year. In 1972 Biko was expelled from medical school and began working full-time for the Black Community Programmes (BCP). He also started writing regularly for the SASO newsletter under the pen-name of Frank Talk. By 1973 his work had come to the attention of the government who, in an attempt to curtail his activities, imposed a banning order on him restricting him to his home town. But he continued his work with the BCP which succeeded in building a clinic and a cr�che in King William's Town. He was also instrumental in setting up several community groups including the Zimele Trust Fund in 1975, which helped political prisoners and their families, and the Ginsberg Educational Trust, to assist black students. In January of this year he was made honorary president of the BCP. An inquest into his death is not to be held for several months, according to the authorities. Mr Biko leaves a wife and two children.


"In what sport is ""touch"" said to signify that an opponent has scored a hit?"

What is Fencing? What is Fencing? Random Fun Stuff What is Fencing? The sport of fencing is fast and athletic, a far cry from the choreographed              bouts you see on film or on the stage. Instead of swinging from a chandelier or leaping from balconies, you will see two fencers              performing an intense dance on a six-feet-by-40-feet strip. The movement is so fast the touches are scored electrically -              more like Star Wars than Errol Flynn. The Weapons Foil, ï¿½pï¿½e and sabre are the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. While              it is not unusual for fencers to compete in all three events, they generally choose to develop their skills in one weapon.              Until recently, women were permitted to compete only in foil, but now the USFA & FIE offer national competitions for women              in ï¿½pï¿½e and sabre. Women's ï¿½pï¿½e was added to the World Championships in 1989 and was held for the first time at the Olympic              Games in 1996. Foil and ï¿½pï¿½e are point-thrusting weapons. Sabre is a point-thrusting as well              as a cutting weapon. The target areas differ for the three weapons, though all three are scored electrically. Object The main object of a fencing bout (what an individual "game" is called) is              to effectively score 15 points (in direct elimination play) or five points (in preliminary pool play) on your opponent before              he scores that number on you. Each time a fencer scores a touch, she receives a point. Direct elimination matches consist              of three three-minute periods. Foil The foil has a flexible rectangular blade, approximately 35 inches in length,              weighing less than one pound. Points are scored with the tip of the blade and must land within the torso of the body. The valid target area in foil is the torso, from the shoulders to the groin,              front, back and neck. It does not include the arms, head and legs. The foil fencer's uniform includes a metallic              vest (called a lamï¿½) which covers the valid target area on the torso and a mask with a metallic covering on the bib covering              the neck, so that a valid touch will register on the scoring machine. A small, spring-loaded tip is attached to the point              of the foil and is connected to a wire inside the blade. The fencer wears a body cord inside his uniform which connects the              foil to a reel wire, connected to the scoring machine. There are two scoring lights on the machine. One shows a green light when              a fencer is hit, and one shows a red light when her opponent is hit. A touch landing outside the valid target area (that which              is not covered by the lamï¿½) is indicated by a white light. These "off target" hits do not count in the scoring, but they do              stop the fencing action temporarily.   ï¿½pï¿½e The ï¿½pï¿½e (pronounced "EPP-pay"), the descendant of the dueling sword, is similar              in length to the foil, but is heavier, weighing approximately 27 ounces, with a larger guard (to protect the hand from a valid              hit) and a much stiffer blade. Touches are scored only with the point of the blade. The entire body is the valid target area. The blade is wired with a spring-loaded tip at the end that completes an electrical              circuit when it is depressed beyond a pressure of 750 grams. This causes the colored bulb on the scoring machine to light.              Because the entire body is a valid target area, the ï¿½pï¿½e fencer's uniform does not include a lamï¿½. Off-target hits do not              register on the machine.   Sabre The sabre is the modern version of the slashing


If the numbers from 1 to 10 are mutiplied by each other, what is the last number of the result?

Multiply numbers - Excel Excel Applies To: Excel 2010 More... Less Let's say you want to figure out how much bottled water that you need for a customer conference (total attendees × 4 days × 3 bottles per day) or the reimbursement travel cost for a business trip (total miles × 0.46). There are several ways to multiply numbers. What do you want to do? Multiply numbers in a cell To do this task, use the * (asterisk) arithmetic operator. For example, if you type =5*10 in a cell, the cell displays the result, 50. Top of Page Multiply a column of numbers by a constant number Suppose you want to multiply each cell in a column of seven numbers by a number that is contained in another cell. In this example, the number you want to multiply by is 3, contained in cell C2. 1 4306 =A8*$C$2 Type =A2*$C$2 in cell B2. Be sure to include a $ symbol before C and before 2 in the formula. Drag the formula in B2 down to the other cells in column B. Note: Using $ symbols tells Excel that the reference to C2 is "absolute," which means that when you copy the formula to another cell, the reference will always be to cell C2. If you didn't use $ symbols in the formula and you dragged the formula down to cell B3, Excel would change the formula to =A3*C3, which wouldn't work, because there is no value in C3. Multiply numbers in different cells by using a formula To do this task, use the asterisk (*) operator or the PRODUCT function. Example The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet. How to copy an example Create a blank workbook or worksheet. Select the example in the Help topic. Note: Do not select the row or column headers. Selecting an example from Help Press CTRL+C. In the worksheet, select cell A1, and press CTRL+V. To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results, press CTRL+` (grave accent), or on the Formulas tab, in the Formula Auditing group, click the Show Formulas button. 1


The success of which English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982 was based on the songwriting partnership of Morrissey (vocals) and Johnny Marr (guitar), with the rhythm section of Andy Rourke (bass) and Mike Joyce (drums)?

The Smiths Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Share Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. Based on the songwriting partnership of Morrissey (vocals) and Johnny Marr (guitar), the band also included Andy Rourke (bass), Mike Joyce (drums) and for a brief time Craig Gannon (rhythm guitar). Critics have called them one of the most important alternative rock bands to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s,and the group has had major influence on subsequent artists. Morrissey's lovelorn tales of alienation found an audience amongst youth culture bored by the ubiquitous synthesiser-pop bands of the early 1980s, while Marr's complex melodies helped return guitar-based music to popularity. The group were signed to the independent record label Rough Trade Records , for whom they released four studio albums and several compilations, as well as numerous non-LP singles. Although they had limited commercial success outside the UK while they were still together, and never released a single that charted higher than number 10 in their home country, The Smiths won a growing following, and they remain cult and commercial favourites. The band broke up in 1987 amid disagreements between Morrissey and Marr and has turned down several offers to reform. Welcome to The Smiths Wiki


What is the capital of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada?

St. John's, the Capital of Newfoundland and Labrador St. John's, the Capital of Newfoundland and Labrador Key Facts About St. John's, the Capital City of Newfoundland and Labrador Grant Faint/Photographer's Choice/Getty Images Updated: 10/16/2013 About the City of St. John's, Newfoundland St. John's is the capital city of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada. St. John's is Canada's oldest city, and it shows its old-fashioned charm in winding, hilly streets lined with colorful buildings. St. John's sits on a deepwater harbour connected by the Narrows, a long inlet to the Atlantic Ocean. The local economy, depressed by the collapse of the cod fishery in the early 1990s, has been brought back to prosperity with petro-dollars from off-shore oil projects. Location of St. John's, Newfoundland The easternmost city in North America, St. John's is situated on the east side of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. Area of City of St. John's 446.06 sq. km (172.22 sq. miles) (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Population of City of St. John's 106,172 (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Date St. John's Incorporated as a City 1921 Date St. John's Became the Capital City of Newfoundland In 1832, St. John's became the seat of government of Newfoundland, an English colony at the time, when Newfoundland was granted a colonial legislature by England. St. John's became the capital city of the province of Newfoundland when Newfoundland joined Canadian Confederation in 1949. Government of City of St. John's, Newfoundland St. John's municipal elections are held every four years on the last Tuesday in September. Date of the last St. John's municipal election: Tuesday, September 24, 2013 Date of the next St. John's municipal election: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 The City of St. John's has a partial ward system with a Mayor, Deputy Mayor, five ward councillors and four councillors at large.


The rules for which sport were originally drawn up by the Knickerbocker Club in New York in 1843?

History of Baseball - Alexander Cartwright History of Baseball Share By Mary Bellis Americans began playing baseball on informal teams, using local rules, in the early 1800s. By the 1860s, the sport, unrivaled in popularity, was being described as America's "national pastime." Alexander Cartwright Alexander Cartwright (1820-1892) of New York invented the modern baseball field in 1845. Alexander Cartwright and the members of his New York Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, devised the first rules and regulations that were accepted for the modern game of baseball. Rounders Baseball was based on the English game of rounders. Rounders become popular in the United States in the early 19th century , where the game was called "townball", "base", or "baseball". Alexander Cartwright formalized the modern rules of baseball. Yes, others were making their own versions of the game at the time, however, the Knickerbockers style of the game was the one that became the most popular. History of Baseball - Knickerbockers The first recorded baseball game was held in 1846 when Alexander Cartwright's Knickerbockers lost to the New York Baseball Club. continue reading below our video How to Negotiate Your Bills Lower The game was held at the Elysian Fields , in Hoboken, New Jersey. In 1858, the National Association of Base Ball Players, the first organized baseball league was formed. History of Baseball Trivia 1845: Alexander Cartwright published a set of baseball rules for the Knickerbocker Club of New York, and his rules were widely adopted. 1869: The Cincinnati Red Stockings became the first openly-salaried team and are thus considered the first professional team. 1871: The first professional baseball league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, was established. 1876: The first major league, the National League, was formed. 1878: Frederick Winthrop Thayer of Massachusetts (captain of the Harvard University Baseball Club) received a patent for a baseball catcher's mask on February 12.


What does the Roman Catholic Church collectively call Baptism, Confirmation, Marriage, Penance, Ordination, Eucharist and Extreme Unction?

Penance - Saint James Roman Catholic Church Penance Penance All sin is an offense against God and a rejection of his perfect love and justice. Yet, Jesus makes a distinction between two types of sins. We call the most serious and grave sins, mortal sins. Mortal sins destroy the grace of God in the heart of the sinner. By their very grave nature, a mortal sin cuts our relationship off from God and turns man away from his creator. Saint Paul’s letter to the Hebrews tell us that: If we sin willfully after having the knowledge of the truth, there is now left no sacrifice for sins. – Hebrews 10:26 The second type of sin, venial sin, that of less grave matter, does not cut us off from Christ. However, venial sin does weaken grace in the soul and damages our relationship with God. A person who frequently indulges in venial sin is very likely to collapse into mortal sin if they persist in their evil ways. In order for a sin to be mortal, it must meet three conditions: Mortal sin is a sin of grave matter Mortal sin is committed with full knowledge of the sinner Mortal sin is committed with deliberate consent of the sinner This means that mortal sins cannot be done “accidentally.” A person who commits a mortal sin is one who knows that their sin is wrong, but still deliberately commits the sin anyway. This means that mortal sins are “premeditated” by the sinner and thus are truly a rejection of God’s law and love. Schedule for the Sacrament of Confession Saturday Evening


Full list of Nobel peace prize winners - Times of India Times of India Iran releases US Navy sailors Full list of Nobel peace prize winners Here is the full list of Nobel peace prize laureates from 1901, when the prize was first awarded. AFP | Oct 10, 2014, 03.18 PM IST OSLO: Here is the full list of Nobel peace prize laureates from 1901, when the prize was first awarded: 2014: Kailash Satyarthi (India) and Malala Yousafzai (Pakistan) 2013: The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) 2012: The European Union (EU) 2011: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee (Liberia), Tawakkul Karman (Yemen) 2010: Liu Xiaobo (China) 2007: Al Gore (US) and the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2006: Muhammad Yunus (Bangladesh) and the Grameen Bank 2005: International Atomic Energy Agency and Mohamed ElBaradei (Egypt) 2004: Wangari Maathai (Kenya) 2003: Shirin Ebadi (Iran) 2002: Jimmy Carter (US) 2001: Kofi Annan (Ghana) and the United Nations 2000: Kim Dae Jung (South Korea) 1999: Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) 1998: John Hume and David Trimble (Northern Ireland) 1997: Jody Williams (US) and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines 1996: Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and Jose Ramos-Horta (East Timor) 1995: Joseph Rotblat (Britain) and the Pugwash movement 1994: Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres (Israel) and Yasser Arafat (PLO) 1993: Nelson Mandela and Frederik de Klerk (South Africa) 1992: Rigoberta Menchu (Guatemala) 1991: Aung San Suu Kyi (Burma) 1990: Mikhail Gorbachev (Soviet Union) 1989: Dalai Lama (Tibet) 1988: United Nations Peacekeeping Forces 1987: Oscar Arias Sanchez (Costa Rica) 1986: Elie Wiesel (US) 1985: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 1984: Desmond Tutu (South Africa) 1983: Lech Walesa (Poland) 1982: Alva Myrdal (Sweden) and Alfonso Garcia Robles (Mexico) 1981: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1980: Adolfo Perez Esquivel (Argentina) 1979: Mother Teresa (Albania) 1978: Anwar Sadat (Egypt) and Menachem Begin (Israel) 1977: Amnesty International 1976: Betty Williams (Britain) and Mairead Corrigan (Northern Ireland) 1975: Andrei Sakharov (Soviet Union) 1974: Sean MacBride (Ireland) and Eisaku Sato (Japan) 1973: Henry Kissinger (US) and Le Duc Tho (Vietnam, declined) 1972: prize not handed out 1971: Willy Brandt (Germany) 1949: Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin (Britain) 1948: prize not handed out 1947: Friends Service Council (The Quakers), American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers) 1946: Emily Greene Balch (US), John Raleigh Mott (US) 1945: Cordell Hull (US) 1944: International Committee of the Red Cross 1943: prize not handed out 1942: prize not handed out 1941: prize not handed out 1940: prize not handed out 1939: prize not handed out 1938: Nansen International Office for Refugees 1937: Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (Britain) 1936: Carlos Saavedra Lamas (Argentina) 1935: Carl von Ossietzky (Germany) 1934: Arthur Henderson (Britain) 1933: Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane) (Britain) 1932: prize not handed out 1931: Jane Addams (US) and Nicholas Murray Butler (US) 1930: Nathan Soederblom (Sweden) 1929: Frank Billings Kellogg (US) 1928: prize not handed out 1927: Ferdinand Buisson (France) and Ludwig Quidde (Germany) 1926: Aristide Briand (France) and Gustav Stresemann (Germany) 1925: Sir Austen Chamberlain (Britain) and Charles Gates Dawes (US) 1924: prize not handed out 1923: prize not handed out 1922: Fridtjof Nansen (Norway) 1921: Karl Hjalmar Branting (Sweden) and Christian Lous Lange (Norway) 1920: Leon Victor Auguste Bourgeois (France) 1919: Thomas Woodrow Wilson (US) 1918: prize not handed out 1917: International Committee of the Red Cross 1916: prize not handed out 1915: prize not handed out 1914: prize not handed out 1913: Henri La Fontaine (Belgium) 1912: Elihu Root (US) 1911: Tobias Michael Carel Asser (The Netherlands) and Alfred Hermann Fried (Austria) 1910: Permanent International Peace Bureau 1909: Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert (Belgium) and Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet, Baron d'Estournelles de Constant de Rebecque


Heritage History | Homeschool History Curriculum | Story of Modern France by Helene Guerber Next Chapter ► Death of Marie Antoinette In the middle of October, the queen—again without warning—was summoned before the Tribunal to be tried, no time being given to her to prepare any defense, while her enemies had craftily made all their plans to condemn her. For instance, a commission had even been sent to the Temple, to question the prince and both princesses. Poor little Louis, dazed already by Simon's rough treatment, said "yes" to anything these men chose to ask. Then his sister was summoned, and entered the room, terrified at being alone with men for the first time in her young life; but, perceiving suddenly her small brother, she darted forward rapturously to embrace him, only to be cruelly prevented from doing so by the officers, who now proceeded to question her, too. Six years older, and therefore wiser and braver than the boy, Madam Royal gave them no satisfaction, although they cross-questioned her a long, long time, and did all they could to frighten her. But, while they did succeed in wringing tears from this little heroine, they could not obtain one word which could ever be used against her beloved mother. Next the aunt was called, whom these coarse men could not brow-beat as they had the children, and from whom, also, they could not wring anything save expressions of love and deep admiration for her poor brother's widow. At her trial, Marie Antoinette was accused of meddling with the government, of giving her husband bad advice, and of considering her son king, although the Republic had been proclaimed! She was also asked to reveal what she knew in regard to certain so-called plots against the nation, giving the names of those who had taken part in them; but Marie Antoinette was no craven telltale, and all her judges obtained was the noble answer: "I shall never inform against my subjects. I have seen all, understood all, and forgotten all!" Then the old story of the Diamond Necklace, and all the other slanders spread by her enemies, were again brought to light, and, as if she could not be spared a single pang, the poor queen was told that her little son had accused her of trying to corrupt his morals. To all these charges Marie Antoinette answered briefly or not at all, and, when urged to reply to the last, indignantly exclaimed, "I appeal to every mother here present, whether such a thing is possible!" This bold retort won such applause, even from hostile hearers, that the judges, fearing lest she should win the sympathy of the mob at the last minute, went on hurriedly with the business on hand. While thus questioned and badgered, hour after hour, she remained cool and dignified, saying pathetically toward the last: I was a queen and you took away my crown; a wife, and you killed my husband; a mother, and you robbed me of my children. My blood alone remains; take it, but do not make me suffer too long!" You see, she knew it was her life that these wretches were determined to have, so she was not surprised when the verdict "guilty" was given, and she was condemned to die within twenty-four hours. Taken back to her unwholesome prison, Marie Antoinette spent the night writing a touching letter to Madam Elizabeth, imploring her to watch over the orphaned children. This letter, in which the queen forgave all her enemies, and begged her children never to try to avenge her, was not delivered to Madam Elizabeth, but was found among the cruel judge's papers when he was guillotined in his turn. It is now one of the precious historic relics of the country, and a copy of it is engraved in marble in the Chapelle Expiatoire. After her sentence had again been read to her in prison, Marie Antoinette made her last toilet,—still watched by her jailers— gently thanking the young actress who gave her a clean white dress to wear. Next the chief executioner entered, cut off her beautiful hair, which he burned, and bound her hands behind her so tightly that the cords actually cut into her tender flesh! MARIE ANTOINETTE GOING TO EX


"What character was played by Ronnie Barker in the TV series ""Open All Hours""?"

Open All Hours (TV Series 1973–1985) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Arkwright is a tight-fisted shop owner in Doncaster, who will stop at nothing to keep his profits high and his overheads low, even if this means harassing his nephew Granville. Arkwright's ... See full summary  » Stars: Arkwright decides to take Nurse Gladys away to a hotel. This leaves Granville in a position to make his play for the milk round lady, but Arkwright, hands on as ever and never keen to be too far away... 8.2 To the envy of Granville who has never attended one,Arkwright is taking Nurse Gladys to a wedding and has taken his old suit out of moth-balls, but it still reeks of camphor. Nurse Gladys makes him ... 8.1 When Arkwright finds himself with a surplus of Jamaican Ginger cakes he tries various marketing ploys in order to sell them off, but hits the jackpot when he claims that the cakes contain drugs, ... 8.1 a list of 36 titles created 29 Dec 2011 a list of 42 titles created 19 Feb 2012 a list of 36 titles created 08 Jun 2013 a list of 45 titles created 30 Jan 2014 a list of 22 titles created 03 Jul 2014 Title: Open All Hours (1973–1985) 7.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. The prison life of Fletcher, a criminal serving a five-year sentence, as he strives to bide his time, keep his record clean, and refuses to be ground down by the prison system. Stars: Ronnie Barker, Brian Wilde, Fulton Mackay Long running BBC comedy show consisting of sketches and humourous musical routines involving the large Ronnie Barker and the small Ronnie Corbett. Most sketches involved both men, but ... See full summary  » Stars: Ronnie Barker, Ronnie Corbett, The Fred Tomlinson Singers Having inherited the shop from his uncle, it's business as usual for Granville at Arkwright's corner shop. Stars: David Jason, James Baxter, Stephanie Cole Victor Meldrew is a retiree who attracts bad luck. If he's not driving his long suffering wife Margeret crazy with his constant moaning, he's fighting with neighbors. Stars: Richard Wilson, Annette Crosbie, Doreen Mantle This prison comedy is based on the popular British television series of the same name. Long time Slade prison inmate Fletcher is ordered by Grouty to arrange a football match between the ... See full summary  » Director: Dick Clement Classic 1960s British comedy series about a middle aged man and his elderly father who run an unsuccessful 'rag and bone' business (collecting and selling junk). Harold (the son) wants to ... See full summary  » Stars: Wilfrid Brambell, Harry H. Corbett, Frank Thornton Accident-prone Frank Spencer fails to navigate the simplest tasks of daily life, while also trying to look after his wife and baby. Stars: Michael Crawford, Michele Dotrice, Jessica Forte Going Straight (TV Series 1978) Comedy Following his release from Slade prison, Fletcher tries to stick to the straight and narrow, but it isn't easy! Stars: Ronnie Barker, Patricia Brake, Richard Beckinsale During WW2, in a fictional British seaside town, a ragtag group of Home Guard local defense volunteers prepare for an imminent German invasion. Stars: Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier, Clive Dunn Popular sitcom set in a seedy bedsit lorded over by the mean, vain, boastful, cowardly landlord Rigsby. In each episode, his conceits are debunked by his long suffering tenants. Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Don Warrington, Frances de la Tour Terry and Bob from The Likely Lads (1964) continue their life after Terry arrives home from serving in the Army to discover that Bob is about to marry his girlfriend Thelma. Can Thelma lead... See full summary  » Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Brigit Forsyth The misadventures of a ragtag group of elderly Home Guard local defense volunteers at the onset of WW2. Director: Norman Cohen Edit