The Trucial States became what Arab nation in 1971?

From trucial states to nation state : decolonization and the formation of the United Arab Emirates, 1952-1971 View Item JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it. From trucial states to nation state : decolonization and the formation of the United Arab Emirates, 1952-1971 View/ Show full item record Abstract Harold Wilson, the British Prime Minister, announced in January 1968 that the British government would withdraw from the Persian Gulf by the end of 1971. For Britain, the decision indicated a re-prioritization of British global defense obligations. For the rulers of the Arab emirates of the Persian Gulf, Wilson‘s announcement signaled an end of British military protection, and the beginning of a process of negotiations that culminated in the establishment of the United Arab Emirates on December 3, 1971. An examination of the process by which the individual Persian Gulf states became a sovereign federation presents an opportunity to examine the roles of nationalism and anti-imperialism played in the establishment of the Union. This work demonstrates that Arab rulers in the Persian Gulf strove to establish their new state with close ties to Great Britain, which provided technical, military, and administrative assistance to the emirates, while also publicly embracing the popular ideologies of anti-imperialism and Arab socialism, which dominated the political discourse in the Arab world through most of the twentieth century. viii This dissertation draws on primary source materials from British and American government archives, speeches and government publications from the Arab Emirates, memoirs and a wide variety of secondary sources. These materials provide the basis for understanding the state-building process of the United Arab Emirates in the areas of pre-withdrawal development, the decision to withdraw, the problems of establishing a federal constitution, and the problems posed by the need for security in the post-withdrawal Persian Gulf. Department


What creature is a Chinese 'shishi', called a 'foo dog' in some western cultures?

1000+ images about Fu Dogs Shishi Lion on Pinterest | Foo dog, Lion and Chinese Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas Fu Dogs Shishi Lion Chinese guardian lions or Imperial guardian lion, traditionally known in Chinese simply as Shi (Chinese: 獅; pinyin: shī; literally: "lion"), and often called "Foo Dogs" in the West, are a common representation of the lion in pre-modern China. 138 Pins846 Followers


On humans what is the medical Latin name for the big toe?

Why has your thumb got a special name, but your big toe is just called a Big Toe? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk Why has your thumb got a special name, but your big toe is just called a Big Toe? Beth , Derby, UK Our thumbs are the things that separate the humans from the monkeys. They are opposable thumnbs. You don't have opposable Big Toes, nor have they done anything to help the humans except help balance. Kevin, Yaphank, United States Actually, they both have. The correct anatomical name for the thumb is the "pollux" and the big toe the "hallux". Dr Robert Kidd, Sydney, Australia Trace the origins of the two words and you'll find that thumb and toe are actually the same word. This is common in other languages, too: in Latin, thumb is pollex, and big toe is pollex, too; but, in medical Latin, the big toe is differentiated as the pollex maximus - the big thumb. John Bennett, Glasgow, Scotland Thumbs have a different anatomy and function to the other hand digits, but all the 5 foot digits have similar form and function. For example, the thumb's main movements occur roughly at right angles to those of the other hand digits, permitting a strong pincer grip, which is essential for grasping and fine motor skills such as writing. In contrast, the toes all flex and extend in the same direction as each other. Hence the thumb fully deserves its special name. Interestingly, however, muscles attaching to the thumb and big toe both have special anatomical descriptors - "pollicis" and "hallucis" respectively -which are not applied to the other digits. Thus the big toe has been given some recognition, albeit arcanely, as a special digit. Mark Perry, Perth, Australia It is opposable, unlike your big toe, and functions differently to the fingers. Incidentally, Arabic doesn't even have a word for 'toes' big or little - they are called 'foot fingers'. Keith Mason, London, UK Because the human thumb is different from the other fingers as it is opposable (which allows us to grab hold of objects with our thumbs on the opposite side of the object to the other fingers) whereas the big toe is not opposable and is simply bigger than the other toes. Alan Williams-Key, Madrid, Spain It is because in order to evolve to natural walkers humans had to give up the perk of being able to grab objects with their feet. Also, the position of the foot is different than that of the palm. Maroiu Mihai Ioan, Bucharest, Romania My guess is because the thumb is the only opposable digit unlike all other digits which are more or less parallel. Also, one can't really call the thumb a Big Finger (or little finger) because it is shorter and wider then the others. buzzz, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US Could it be becuase the thumb is an opposible digit whereas a big toe (although important for walking) is just another toe in line with the rest? Kevin Hannan, Leeds, UK My big toes have lots of names when I stub them. Iain Stewart, Sydney, Australia You speak for yourself. My big toe's called Brian. Richard, London, UK No names for the toes because most of the time we hide them in our shoes whilst our fingers especially Mr Thumb are always in the limelight. John Matang, Kuching Malaysia I picked up from a GP friend of mine years ago the label "great toe", an archaism or an accurate term? Richard Bowes, Leeds UK This is true of English, but in French there is a special word for big toe ("orteil"), whereas no special word for toe ("doigt de pied" = foot finger). Perhaps as thumbs are used and given significance more than big toes, it's just the way the language has developed. If we needed a special word for it, we'd have one. Toby Smith, Farnborough, England Scientifically the name for the Big Toe is a thumb or Adam. They have similar features and you can paint both. Katie, Montegut USA


With the symbol Sv what is the unit of ionizing radiation?

Sievert (Sv) | definition of Sievert (Sv) by Medical dictionary Sievert (Sv) | definition of Sievert (Sv) by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Sievert+(Sv) Also found in: Dictionary , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Related to Sievert (Sv): SV/h sievert  [se´vert] the SI unit of radiation absorbed dose equivalent, defined as that producing the same biologic effect in a specified tissue as 1 gray of high-energy x-rays; 1 sievert equals 100 rem. sie·vert (Sv), (sē'vĕrt), The SI unit of ionizing radiation effective dose, equal to the absorbed dose in gray, weighted for both the quality of radiation in question and the tissue response to that radiation. The unit is the joule per kilogram and 1 Sv = 100 rem. [R. M. Sievert, Swedish physicist, 1896-1966] sievert (Sv) [sē′vərt] Etymology: R.M. Sievert, twentieth-century Swedish physicist a measure of radiation dose. The sievert has the same units as the gray and is equal to the absorbed dose times the quality factor, which compares the health consequences of that type of radiation with those of x-rays. The rem bears the same relationship to the rad as the sievert does to the gray. sievert Sv Radiation physics The SI unit of biologically effective dose–equivalent dose of ionizing radiation that produces the same biological effect–of ionizing radiaction–dose equivalence; 1.0 Sv = 1.0 joule/kilogram or 100 rem. See Gray , Rad; Roentgen. sie·vert (Sv) (sē'vĕrt) The SI unit of ionizing radiation effective dose, equal to the absorbed dose in gray, weighted for both the quality of radiation in question and the tissue response to that radiation. The unit is the joule per kilogram and 1 Sv = 100 rem.


Name the NASA Mars mission rover which landed on the planet in 2012?

NASA -  NASA Lands Car-Size Rover Beside Martian Mountain NASA Lands Car-Size Rover Beside Martian Mountain     PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA's most advanced Mars rover Curiosity has landed on the Red Planet. The one-ton rover, hanging by ropes from a rocket backpack, touched down onto Mars Sunday to end a 36-week flight and begin a two-year investigation. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) spacecraft that carried Curiosity succeeded in every step of the most complex landing ever attempted on Mars, including the final severing of the bridle cords and flyaway maneuver of the rocket backpack. "Today, the wheels of Curiosity have begun to blaze the trail for human footprints on Mars. Curiosity, the most sophisticated rover ever built, is now on the surface of the Red Planet, where it will seek to answer age-old questions about whether life ever existed on Mars -- or if the planet can sustain life in the future," said NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. "This is an amazing achievement, made possible by a team of scientists and engineers from around the world and led by the extraordinary men and women of NASA and our Jet Propulsion Laboratory. President Obama has laid out a bold vision for sending humans to Mars in the mid-2030's, and today's landing marks a significant step toward achieving this goal." Curiosity landed at 10:32 p.m. PDT Aug. 5, (1:32 a.m. EDT Aug. 6) near the foot of a mountain three miles tall and 96 miles in diameter inside Gale Crater. During a nearly two-year prime mission, the rover will investigate whether the region ever offered conditions favorable for microbial life. "The Seven Minutes of Terror has turned into the Seven Minutes of Triumph," said NASA Associate Administrator for Science John Grunsfeld. "My immense joy in the success of this mission is matched only by overwhelming pride I feel for the women and men of the mission's team." Curiosity returned its first view of Mars, a wide-angle scene of rocky ground near the front of the rover. More images are anticipated in the next several days as the mission blends observations of the landing site with activities to configure the rover for work and check the performance of its instruments and mechanisms. "Our Curiosity is talking to us from the surface of Mars," said MSL Project Manager Peter Theisinger of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif. "The landing takes us past the most hazardous moments for this project, and begins a new and exciting mission to pursue its scientific objectives." Confirmation of Curiosity's successful landing came in communications relayed by NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter and received by the Canberra, Australia, antenna station of NASA's Deep Space Network. Curiosity carries 10 science instruments with a total mass 15 times as large as the science payloads on the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity. Some of the tools are the first of their kind on Mars, such as a laser-firing instrument for checking elemental composition of rocks from a distance. The rover will use a drill and scoop at the end of its robotic arm to gather soil and powdered samples of rock interiors, then sieve and parcel out these samples into analytical laboratory instruments inside the rover. To handle this science toolkit, Curiosity is twice as long and five times as heavy as Spirit or Opportunity. The Gale Crater landing site places the rover within driving distance of layers of the crater's interior mountain. Observations from orbit have identified clay and sulfate minerals in the lower layers, indicating a wet history. The mission is managed by JPL for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The rover was designed, developed and assembled at JPL. For more information on the mission, visit:


Coulomb is a unit of measurement of electrical?

coulomb | unit of energy measurement | Britannica.com unit of energy measurement weber Coulomb, unit of electric charge in the metre - kilogram - second - ampere system, the basis of the SI system of physical units. The coulomb is defined as the quantity of electricity transported in one second by a current of one ampere. Named for the 18th–19th-century French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb , it is approximately equivalent to 6.24 × 1018 protons. Learn More in these related articles: metre (m) in measurement, fundamental unit of length in the metric system and in the International Systems of Units (SI). It is equal to approximately 39.37 inches in the British Imperial and United States Customary systems. The metre was historically defined by the French Academy of Sciences in 1791 as 1... kilogram (kg) basic unit of mass in the metric system, equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures laboratory at Sèvres, France. A kilogram is very nearly equal (it was originally intended to be... 2 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References work of Coulomb  (in Charles-Augustin de Coulomb ) External Links Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: February 25, 2016 URL: https://www.britannica.com/science/coulomb Access Date: January 20, 2017 Share


The strongly featured character Alyson/Alys in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales is better known as?

Full text of "The Canterbury tales of Geoffrey Chaucer" See other formats itto   The Canterbury Tales   THE  CANTERBURY TALES  OF  GEOFFREY CHAUCER  A MODERN RENDERING INTO PROSE OF THE PROLOGUE AND TEN TALES  BY PERCY MACKAYE  AUTHOR OF "THE CANTERBURY PILGRIMS"  WITH PICTURES IN COLOUR BY  WALTER APPLETON CLARK   NEW YORK  DUFFIELD & COMPANY 1914   COPYRIGHT, 1904 BY Fox, DUFFIELD & COMPANY   TO THE MEMORY OF PROFESSOR FRANCIS JAMES CHILD  How fain we conjure back his smile! How fain As, bow'd with musings long on elvish lore, He clutched his satchel at the class-room door And shot the quick "Good-morning, gentlemen," From under the bronze curls, and entered. Then For us that hour of quaint illusion wore Such spell as when, beside the Breton shore, The wizard clerk astounded Dorigen. For we beheld the nine and twenty ride Through those dim aisles their deathless pilgrimage, Lady and monk and rascal laugh and chide, Living and loving on the enchanted page, Whilst, half apart, there murmured side by side The master-poet and the scholar-mage.   Preface  THE barrier of obsolete speech is the occasion and the apology for this rendering of the Canterbury Tales in English easily intelli- gible to-day. Whether this barrier be real, or but generally assumed, matters little, for the assumption itself is obstructive and tends equally to the resultant fact, that in spite of the immensely widened interest in Chaucer and the diffused knowledge of his works due to labours of profound scholarship in the last fifty years a very large proportion of the educated public still receives its impressions of the poet at second hand, from literary hearsay, or the epitomising essays of critics.  To present, therefore, a representative portion of Chaucer's unfinished masterpiece in such form as shall best preserve for a modern reader the substance and style of the original, is the chief aim of this book. When the publishers asked me to carry out this object, the nature of the appro- priate form presented itself for solution. As modernisation, the under- taking is not new. At various epochs, and with varying scope of design, poets such as Dryden, Pope, Leigh Hunt, Elizabeth Barrett, Wordsworth, have contrived metrical versions of the Canterbury Tales in the literary forms of their own day. Lesser poets and writers of the past two centuries have executed the like. Their versions possess in common the aim of substituting modern English verse for Chaucer's, often as an alleged latter- day improvement. All, as Professor Lounsbury has shown, "had a direct tendency at the time to divert men from the study of the original." The present rendering, therefore, which is rather a modified form than a modern- isation of Chaucer's tales, is believed to differ from all the aforesaid ver-  vii   PREFACE  sions in method and, largely, in motive. For the form adopted is prose ; it preserves, as closely as possible, the very words of Chaucer and his charac- teristic constructions ; it aims by faithful accuracy to present a text which shall be efficient in promoting the study of the original. In working principle, it has taken advice from the poet himself in his Prologue:  "For this ye knowen al-so wel as I, Who-so shal telle a tale after a man, He moot reherce, as ny as ever he can, Everich a word, if it be in his charge, Al speke he never so rudeliche and large ; Or elles he moot telle his tale untrewe, Or feyne thing, or finde wordes newe."  Briefly, then, the method followed has been to present, so far as possi- ble, Chaucer's ipsissima verba; to err rather in the direction of literal fidelity than literary license. No archaisms, however, have been retained which are not fairly intelligible. The necessary changes which have been made are: first, omissions on the score of propriety, of intelligibility (as when a long paraphrase would have been required for a trivial matter), and (very seldom) of redundancy; secondly, rare and slight rearrangements for the sake of clearness; t


The 'sub-kingdoms' Blastocladiomycota, Microsporidia and Dikarya belong to the kingdom of organisms commonly called what?

fungus - 必应 Honey fungus, or Armillaria or оpenky (Ukrainian: опеньки), is a genus of parasitic fungi that live on trees and woody shrubs. It includes about 10 species formerly lumped www.bing.com/knows/Armillaria?mkt=zh-cn Cryptococcus (Greek for "hidden sphere") is a genus of fungus. These fungi grow in culture as yeasts. The sexual forms or teleomorphs of Cryptococcus species are fila… www.bing.com/knows/cryptococcus?mkt=zh-cn 2012-5-29 Onychomycosis (also known as dermatophytic onychomycosis or tinea unguium ) is a fungal infection of the nail. It is the most common disease of the nails and constitute… www.bing.com/knows/onychomycosis?mkt=zh-cn


What popular children's TV/toy character has a Mummy, Daddy, brother George, and cousins Chloé and Alexander?

14 | April | 2016 | Ed B on Sports Ed B on Sports William Fichtner – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia William Fichtner From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia William Fichtner Fichtner at the 2011 USA Film Festival Born Children 2 William Edward “Bill” Fichtner, Jr. (born November 27, 1956) [1] is an American actor. He has appeared in a number of notable films and TV series. He is known for his roles as Sheriff Tom Underlay in the cult favorite television series Invasion , Alexander Mahone on Prison Break , and numerous film roles, including: Quiz Show , Armageddon , The Perfect Storm , Crash , Blades of Glory , Black Hawk Down , Nine Lives , The Longest Yard , Mr. & Mrs. Smith , The Dark Knight , Date Night , The Lone Ranger , Phantom , Elysium , Independence Day: Resurgence , and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and its sequel . Contents Fichtner was born on Mitchel Air Force Base [2] on Long Island , and was raised in Cheektowaga, New York , a suburb of Buffalo . He is the son of Patricia A. (née Steitz) and William E. Fichtner. [3] [4] He has German ancestry. [5] Fichtner graduated from Maryvale High School (Cheektowaga) in 1974. After graduating from Farmingdale State College in 1976 with an associate degree in criminal justice, he attended SUNY Brockport and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in criminal justice in 1978. Fichtner then studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York. Fichtner credits his Farmingdale State College admissions counselor, Don Harvey, with his decision to study acting. Harvey, who became a lifelong friend, took Fichtner to his first Broadway show . On 18 May 2008, Fichtner was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters by Farmingdale State College. [6] Fichtner began his acting career as Josh Snyder in As the World Turns in 1987. Fichtner’s film credits include Contact , Heat , Armageddon , Go , Equilibrium , Black Hawk Down , The Perfect Storm , The Longest Yard , Crash , Ultraviolet , and The Dark Knight . Mainly a character actor , one of Fichtner’s few leading roles is in Passion of Mind , also starring Demi Moore and Stellan Skarsgård . For his role in Crash, he won a Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance Award and a “Best Acting Ensemble” Award from Broadcast Film Critics Choice. Fichtner, 2003 Credited as Bill Fichtner, he voiced the character Ken Rosenberg in the video games Grand Theft Auto: Vice City and Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas . Between 2005 and 2006, Fichtner also starred in the science-fiction TV series Invasion as Sheriff Tom Underlay. After Invasion was cancelled, Fichtner played FBI Agent Alexander Mahone in the second through fourth seasons (2006–2009) of Prison Break . [7] Later that year, he presented an award at the National Hockey League award show.[ citation needed ] He also appears in The West Wing episode, “ The Supremes ” as Christopher Mulready, a conservative judge nominated to the Supreme Court. Fichtner also had a role as the Gotham National Bank manager in the feature film The Dark Knight , and as Jurgen in Equilibrium . In June 2009, Fichtner signed on to guest star on Entourage playing TV producer Phil Yagoda, who is trying to remake his hit 1990s teen series. [8] He also voices Master Sergeant Sandman in the 2011 video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 . [9] Personal life[ edit ] As of June 2014, Fichtner lives in Prague , Czech Republic , where he filmed the television series Crossing Lines . Fichtner is a Buffalo Bills fan, appearing in a commercial for the team before the 2014 season . [12] More recently, Fichtner narrated the ESPN 30 for 30 documentary titled “Four Falls of Buffalo”, chronicling the Buffalo Bills’ four consecutive Super Bowl appearances from 1990 – 93 . High Lonesome: A Father For Charlie [13] Sheriff Here is a typical Nathan Eovaldi game: 1ST INNING: SAD ALEX RODRIGUEZ – Google Search   is hitting .120.  He has a an idea gifs – Google Search     steroids GIFS – Google Search The past two games at The Rodgers Center in Toronto, The Yankees   bats have looked like   old men.  Evovaldi was his typical inconsisten


Which city's metro system has lines including Pinar de Chamartín to Valdecarros and Villaverde Alto to Moncloa?

Madrid Subway - Guide To Navigate The Metro Madrid Subway For price and convenience, the Madrid subway – also called Metro, can’t be beat. It has some 300+ stations throughout the city, so chances are there is a Metro station near where you want to go. The best and easiest way to use the Metro is with the help of a map . The Madrid Metro is quite safe most of the time; there is no need to be paranoid about it. However, be cautious in deserted stations late at night and, a rule of thumb, use your common sense and follow some recommendations . As a tourist, you can be an easy target.   Madrid Subway Lines Madrid has 12 subway lines. A number and a color identify each one. The large majority of the lines cross the city center and most of them are intertwined, allowing you to arrange endless combinations. The Metro lines are: 1 (light blue). Pinar de Chamartín – Valdecarros 2 (red). Las Rosas – Cuatro Caminos 3 (yellow). Villaverde Alto – Moncloa 4 (brown). Argüelles – Pinar de Chamartín 5 (light green). Alameda de Osuna – Casa de Campo 6 (grey). Círcular 7 (orange). Hospital del Henares – Pitis 8 (pink). Nuevos Ministerios – Aeropuerto T4 9 (purple). Mirasierra – Arganda del Rey 10 (dark blue). Hospital Infanta Sofía – Puerta del Sur 11 (dark green). Plaza Elíptica – La Fortuna 12 (khaki). MetroSur There is an additional short line, called Ramal, linking Opéra and Príncipe Pío. Line 8 (pink) connects the city center with Madrid airport . Read more about: Apart from the subway, certain suburbs are connected to Madrid city center by Metro Ligero. The Metro Ligero de Madrid is a light rail tram system that has 3 lines with 38 stations. The Metro Ligero lines are: ML-1 (light blue). Pinar de Chamartín – Las Tablas ML-2 (purple). Colonia Jardín – Estación de Aravaca ML-3 (red). Colonia Jardín – Puerta de Boadilla Check all the information related to the Metro Ligero, in case you need to use it.   Operating Times And Trips Metro stations are indicated by a red, blue and white sign. The trains run from 6:00 to 1:30 all year round. This is valid except for the Pitis station (line 7, orange), the section between Puerta de Arganda-Arganda del Rey and accesses with special opening hours. Have a look at the timetables if you need to use it early in the morning. As a general guide the trains arrive every 2 to 4 minutes during working hours. At weekends and in the evening they are less frequent, and you may have to wait up to 10 or 15 minutes, depending on the time. On most journeys, you will have to change lines at least once. Even if you have to change twice, trains arrive and depart so frequently, and operate so fast, that this shouldn’t be a problem. Nevertheless, the walk between lines can be long (5 to 10 minutes), particularly in some large stations such as Sol, Nuevos Ministerios or Avenida de América .   Madrid Subway Tickets There are different types of Metro tickets. You can have a look at all of them, including the updated prices at the Metro de Madrid tickets page . Here is what I consider the most interesting possibilities for someone like you, visiting Madrid for a few days.   1. Billete sencillo (Single ticket) A Billete sencillo is valid for one trip in any line. It’s an interesting option for short trips (the basic price is up to 5 stations, and increases accordingly depending on the length of your trip) or if you plan to use the Metro less than 4-5 times.   2. Metrobús (10 trips) Metrobús is a 10-trip ticket. This gives you 10 journeys on any metro line in zone A, and on buses, except the Airport Express line. The Metrobús is not personal, so anyone can use it. If you are traveling in a group all of you can use the same Metrobús until the 10 trips are gone. This is my preferred option if you plan to use the Metro twice or 3 times a day, or if you are traveling with a group and you only plan to make a couple of trips each.   3. Madrid Tourist Travel Pass Another option is to buy a Tourist Travel Pass (Abono Turístico), which allows you unlimited travel on all forms of public transport (subway, light rail, buses and trai


The medical condition Strabismus affects what part of the human body?

Strabismus (Crossed Eyes): Learn About Causes and Treatment Share Your Story Some people are born with eyes that do not align in the usual way. This is called congenital strabismus. In many children, there is no clear cause of strabismus. In some cases, it is a result of a problem with the nervous system, especially the part that controls the muscles of the eyes. If it is not corrected, strabismus can continue into the adult years. Most adults who have strabismus were born with it. If strabismus does not appear until later in life, it will cause double vision . If the eyes become misaligned in an adult who did not have strabismus as a child, it could be a sign of a serious condition such as a stroke . A sudden, misalignment of the eyes or double vision are important reasons to see a doctor immediately. Someone who is born with strabismus will see without having double vision. There might be other effects on vision, however. Because the two eyes are not working well together, depth perception and peripheral vision (vision off to the side) will not be very good. Eyestrain and headaches can occur frequently. It might also be necessary to turn the head in unusual ways in order to see in certain directions. How Is Strabismus Treated? Share Your Story A doctor may recommend that patients go through physical therapy to help strengthen their eye muscles. Vision therapy is also used to help a person correct their vision when suffering with strabismus. This therapy helps train a patient's brain to be able to align their eyes and focus and visually process images. Vision therapy uses computerized optical devises, including lenses and filters, to develop the eye muscles.


Upton Park Football Club won what notable international award in Paris, 1900?

upton park f c : definition of upton park f c and synonyms of upton park f c (English) 4 References History Founded in 1866, the club were one of the 15 teams to play in the very first edition of the FA Cup in 1871-72 ; [1] they never won the competition but did reach the quarter-finals on four occasions. [2] They were also the inaugural winners of the London Senior Cup in 1882-83 . Though resolutely an amateur club, they inadvertently sparked the legalisation of professionalism in the game after complaining about Preston North End 's payments to players after the two met in the FA Cup in 1884; Preston were disqualified, but the incident made the FA confront the issue and, under threat of a breakaway, they allowed payments to players the following year. [3] The club were wound up in 1887 but were resurrected four years later in 1891. [3] In 1892 they were founder members of the Southern Alliance , an early league competition amongst teams from southern England, but were bottom of the league with only one win to their name when the competition folded before the 1892-93 season ended. Upton Park went on to represent Great Britain en masse at the 1900 Summer Olympics football tournament , which they won, beating a USFSA XI representing France , 4-0. [4] Although a gold medal was not awarded to the side at the time (it being a demonstration sport ), the IOC have since retrospectively awarded one. [5] The team that day (playing a 2-3-5 formation) was: J. H. Jones; Claude Buckenham , William Grosling; Alfred Chalk , T. E. Burridge , William Quash ; Arthur Turner , F. G. Spackman , J. Nicholas , James Zealley , A. Haslam (captain) [6] The scorers were Nicholas (with two), Turner and Zealley. [4] Despite the obvious similarity of name to Upton Park stadium (officially known as the Boleyn Ground), the club had no connection with the ground and never played there; indeed there were few formal links between Upton Park and West Ham United (then known as Thames Ironworks ) though some players did play for both. [3] In addition, Upton Park's home games in West Ham Park attracted large crowds to their games, which may have influenced Thames Ironworks' decision to move to the area from Canning Town , where football was not as popular. [7] Famous players Famous players for the side included Charles Alcock , later president of the Football Association , FA Cup Final referees Alfred Stair and Segar Bastard (who was also an England international), and Charlie Dove , one of the early leading players for Thames Ironworks. [8] Upton Park also supplied two other England internationals, Clement Mitchell and Conrad Warner. [9] Claude Buckenham , who played in the Olympic team of 1900, represented England at cricket . Legacy Upton Park continued to play until at least 1911, according to modern-day records. [8] The Upton Park Trophy, the annual playoff between the league champions of Guernsey and Jersey , is named for the Upton Park side, to commemorate their tenth annual tour of the islands, which they made in 1906. [10] References


With the symbol H what is the unit of inductance?

Enter a value into either text box and select units using the drop-down boxes. = What is Inductance? Inductance is a property in which an emf (electro-motive force) is induced in a circuit due to a change in electric current through that circuit or through a nearby circuit. This induced emf opposes the change in the current. The symbol used to denote inductance is L. The unit of inductance is the henry (H), named after American scientist Joseph Henry. One henry is the inductance needed to induce one volt by a change of current of one ampere per second. In 1831, an English scientist, Michael Faraday discovered that when a magnetic field is changed in a circuit, a current is induced in a nearby circuit. Joseph Henry made this discovery at about the same time although Faraday was the first to publish. The phenomenon of generating electromotive force and current by changing magnetic field is known as electromagnetic induction. Faraday's Law Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction gives the relationship between the changing magnetic flux and induced electromagnetic force. It states: The electromagnectic force induced in a circuit is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux that moves through the circuit. If E is the induced electromotive force in volts, DΦ the change in magnetic force and Dt is the amount of time in seconds in which the change in magnetic force takes place, then: E = - (DΦ/Dt) It means that the more magnetic field lines cut across the conductor and the faster they cross, the greater the induced voltage. Self Induction The phenomenon in which a changing current in a coil induces an emf in itself is called self induction. If the flux through one loop of the coil be F, then the total flux through the coil of N turns would be N.F. As F is proportional to the magnetic field which is in turn proportional to the current I, then, N.Φ = L.I Here L is the constant of proportionality called the self inductance of the coil. It depends upon the number of turns of the coil, its area of cross section and the core material. If E is the emf induced, using Faraday's Law it can be deduced that, E = -L.DI/Dt It shows that the self induced emf in a coil is proportional to the time rate of change of current in the coil. Self inductance of a coil is defined as the ratio of emf to the rate of change of current in the coil. The negative sign indicates that the self induced emf must oppose the change that produced it. For this reason the self induced emf is also called back emf, which can destroy semiconductors used to drive relays and other electromagnetic components if they are not adequately protected. Mutual Induction The phenomenon in which a changing current in one coil induces an emf in another coil is called mutual induction. Let the flux passing through one loop of the secondary coil be F. Net flux passing through the coil of N loops is NF. As this flux is directly proportional to the magnetic field produced by the current, I, in the primary coil and the magnetic field itself is proportional to I, then N.Φ = M.I where M is the constant of proportionality called the mutual inductance of the two coils. It depends upon the number of turns of the coils, their area of cross section, their proximity and the nature of the core material on which the two coils are wound. Using Faraday's law, it can be deduced that, E = -M.DI/Dt It shows that the emf induced in the secondary coil is proportional to the time rate of change of current in the primary. Again, the negative sign indicates that the induced emf opposes the change of current in the primary coil. Bookmark this page in your browser using CtrlÂ andÂ d or using one of these services: (opens in new window)


What country was created in 1949 with the local abbreviated name DDR?

East Germany | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit The official name was Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German Democratic Republic), usually abbreviated to DDR. Both terms were used in East Germany, with increasing usage of the abbreviated form, especially since East Germany considered West Germans and West Berliners to be foreigners following the promulgation of its second constitution in 1968. West Germans, the western media and statesmen purposely avoided the official name and its abbreviation, instead using terms like Ostzone (The Eastern Zone), [2] Sowjetische Besatzungszone (Soviet Occupation Zone; often abbreviated to SBZ), and sogenannte DDR (so-called GDR). [3] Another name was Middle Germany , referring to the location of East Germany in the geographic centre of unified pre-1937 Germany. Usage of the latter term, because it was clearly based on geographic location, was sometimes picked up by East Germans. The center of political power in East Berlin was referred to as Berlin- Karlshorst . In the 1950s, this geographic designation referred to the seat of command of the Soviet forces in East Germany. [2] Over time, however, the abbreviation DDR was also increasingly used colloquially by West Germans and West German media. [4] Ostdeutschland (an ambiguous term meaning simultaneously East or Eastern Germany) was not commonly used in East or West German common parlance to refer to the German Democratic Republic, because Ostdeutschland usually referred to the former eastern territories of Germany . The term Westdeutschland ( West Germany ) when used by West Germans was almost always a reference to the geographic region of Western Germany but not to the area within the boundaries of the Federal Republic of Germany. However, this use was not always consistent, as, for example, West Berliners frequently used the term Westdeutschland to denote the Federal Republic.[ citation needed ] History Germany defeated: On the basis of the Potsdam Conference , the Allies jointly occupied Germany west of the Oder–Neisse line . According to German historian Jürgen Kocka (2010): Conceptualizing the GDR as a dictatorship has become widely accepted, while the meaning of the concept dictatorship varies. Massive evidence has been collected that proves the repressive, undemocratic, illiberal, nonpluralistic character of the GDR regime and its ruling party." [5] However, according to John Green (Morningstaronline, 2009): One of the GDR’s greatest achievements was the creation of a more egalitarian society. Measures were introduced to counter class and gender privilege and increase the educational and career prospects of working-class children. The GDR was a society largely free of existential fears. Everyone had a right to education, a job and a roof over their head. Emphasis was placed on society not on individualism, and on co-operation and solidarity. As a result, the GDR became probably the most egalitarian society in Europe. Full gender equality and equal pay were also enshrined in legislation. Explaining the internal impact of the DDR regime from the perspective of German history in the long term, historian Gerhard A. Ritter (2002) has argued that the East German state was defined by two dominant forces – Soviet Communism on the one hand, and German traditions filtered through the interwar experiences of German Communists on the other. It always was constrained by the powerful example of the increasingly prosperous West, to which East Germans compared their nation. The changes wrought by the Communists were most apparent in ending capitalism and transforming industry and agriculture, in the militarization of society, and in the political thrust of the educational system and the media. On the other hand, there was relatively little change made in the historically independent domains of the sciences, the engineering professions, the Protestant churches, and in many bourgeois life styles. Social policy, says Ritter, became a critical legitimization tool in the last decades and mixed socialist and traditional elements abo


In Jonathan Swift's novel Gulliver's Travels what is Gulliver's first name?

SparkNotes: Gulliver’s Travels: Character List Gulliver’s Travels Plot Overview Analysis of Major Characters Gulliver -  The narrator and protagonist of the story. Although Lemuel Gulliver’s vivid and detailed style of narration makes it clear that he is intelligent and well educated, his perceptions are naïve and gullible. He has virtually no emotional life, or at least no awareness of it, and his comments are strictly factual. Indeed, sometimes his obsession with the facts of navigation, for example, becomes unbearable for us, as his fictional editor, Richard Sympson, makes clear when he explains having had to cut out nearly half of Gulliver’s verbiage. Gulliver never thinks that the absurdities he encounters are funny and never makes the satiric connections between the lands he visits and his own home. Gulliver’s naïveté makes the satire possible, as we pick up on things that Gulliver does not notice. Read an in-depth analysis of Gulliver. The emperor -  The ruler of Lilliput. Like all Lilliputians, the emperor is fewer than six inches tall. His power and majesty impress Gulliver deeply, but to us he appears both laughable and sinister. Because of his tiny size, his belief that he can control Gulliver seems silly, but his willingness to execute his subjects for minor reasons of politics or honor gives him a frightening aspect. He is proud of possessing the tallest trees and biggest palace in the kingdom, but he is also quite hospitable, spending a fortune on his captive’s food. The emperor is both a satire of the autocratic ruler and a strangely serious portrait of political power. The farmer -  Gulliver’s first master in Brobdingnag. The farmer speaks to Gulliver, showing that he is willing to believe that the relatively tiny Gulliver may be as rational as he himself is, and treats him with gentleness. However, the farmer puts Gulliver on display around Brobdingnag, which clearly shows that he would rather profit from his discovery than converse with him as an equal. His exploitation of Gulliver as a laborer, which nearly starves Gulliver to death, seems less cruel than simpleminded. Generally, the farmer represents the average Brobdingnagian of no great gifts or intelligence, wielding an extraordinary power over Gulliver simply by virtue of his immense size. Glumdalclitch -  The farmer’s nine-year-old daughter, who is forty feet tall. Glumdalclitch becomes Gulliver’s friend and nursemaid, hanging him to sleep safely in her closet at night and teaching him the Brobdingnagian language by day. She is skilled at sewing and makes Gulliver several sets of new clothes, taking delight in dressing him. When the queen discovers that no one at court is suited to care for Gulliver, she invites Glumdalclitch to live at court as his sole babysitter, a function she performs with great seriousness and attentiveness. To Glumdalclitch, Gulliver is basically a living doll, symbolizing the general status Gulliver has in Brobdingnag. The queen -  The queen of Brobdingnag, who is so delighted by Gulliver’s beauty and charms that she agrees to buy him from the farmer for 1,000 pieces of gold. Gulliver appreciates her kindness after the hardships he suffers at the farmer’s and shows his usual fawning love for royalty by kissing the tip of her little finger when presented before her. She possesses, in Gulliver’s words, “infinite” wit and humor, though this description may entail a bit of Gulliver’s characteristic flattery of superiors. The queen seems genuinely considerate, asking Gulliver whether he would consent to live at court instead of simply taking him in as a pet and inquiring into the reasons for his cold good-byes with the farmer. She is by no means a hero, but simply a pleasant, powerful person. The king -  The king of Brobdingnag, who, in contrast to the emperor of Lilliput, seems to be a true intellectual, well versed in political science among other disciplines. While his wife has an intimate, friendly relationship with the diminutive visitor, the king’s relation to Gulliver is limited to serious discussions about the history


The characters 11 in the binary numeral system equate to what number?

Binary to Decimal Converter Binary to Decimal Converter In order to use this new binary to decimal converter tool,   type any binary value like 1010 into the left field below, and then hit the Convert button.   You can see the result in the right field below.   It is possible to convert up to 63 binary characters to decimal. Binary to decimal conversion result in base numbers Binary System Binary is the simplest kind of number system that uses only two digits of 0 and 1. By using these digits computational problems can be solved by machines because in digital electronics a transistor is used in two states. Those two states can be represented by 0 and 1. That is why this number system is the most preferred in modern computer engineer, networking and communication specialists, and other professionals. Decimal System Decimal number system is the most commonly used and the most familiar one to the general public. It is also known as Base 10 numbering system since it is based on 10 following symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. In decimal system, every digit has its own position as well as the decimal point. I.e. the number 356.74 has 4 in the Hundredths position, 7 in the Tenths position, 6 in the Units position, 5 in the Tens position, and 3 in the Hundreds position. Decimal number system is also one of the oldest known numeral system, which is historically related to Hindu-Arabic numeral system. Binary to decimal conversion examples (10011)2 = (19)10


What nation has the country code internet top-level domain (TLD) .se?

.SE domains • ccTLD for Sweden Why choose a .se domain extension? .SE presents great possibilities for domain hacks, like adverti.SE or birdhou.SE .SE presents great possibilities for domain hacks, like adverti.SE or birdhou.SE A .SE domain name demonstrates your business’ presence in Sweden. About .SE domain names The .SE domain name presents a great opportunity for local and international companies wanting to represent their business in Sweden. Local domain names give your company a professional image, which demonstrates proof of your commitment to local customers. Protecting yourself and your identity is all too important in today's world. The same standards apply to protecting your business and personal identity online. Protecting your brand is an important reason to register ccTLDs. Being the initial purchaser of your brand in a TLD is a much wiser idea than attempting to acquire names after someone else has registered them. Additionally, it is much easier to purchase a common word or short domain name in a ccTLD than in the more popular and heavily populated TLDs. About Sweden Anyone can register a .SE domain name, similar to gTLDs like .COM and .NET. There are no restrictions on .SE domain name registrations .SE's Terms and Conditions of Registration may be found at: https://www.iis.se/docs/Registreringsvillkor_eng.pdf Name.com Inc. handles personal information in compliance with the Swedish Personal Data Act (1998:204) and the Foundation's controller of personal data agreement. Sign up for email alerts to receive big discounts on domains and other products. (We promise not to share your information with anyone, and you can unsubscribe at any time) Sign up Thanks for subscribing to our email list! You'll be the first to know about the latest sales and releases from Name.com. You should receive a subscription confirmation email shortly.


The title/position of Swami represents a religious teacher in?

Symbols in Hindu Spirituality | Vedanta Society of Southern California Symbols in Hindu Spirituality By Swami Swahananda Swami Swahananda was the head of the Vedanta Society of Southern California from 1976 until his passing on October 19, 2012. A symbol represents or recalls a thing by possession of analogous qualities or by association in fact or thought. The original Greek word symbolon means a sign by which one knows or infers a thing. Symbols express the invisible by means of visible or sensory representations—the immaterial via the material. All our contact with the outside world is based on symbols. The symbol-making tendency is innate in man. Languages are nothing but symbols. “We think in symbols, we act in symbols, we live in symbols, we learn in symbols.” As Carlyle’s professor in Sartor Resartus put it: “The universe is but one vast symbol of God; nay, if thou wilt have it, what is man himself but a symbol of God?” “In a symbol,” as Carlyle pointed out, “there is concealment and yet revelation.” The symbol partly conceals the essential content from an ordinary person and partly reveals it by suggesting it. When the abstract is quite clear to a discerning mind, a symbol loses its concealing quality, but even then it may be used to suggest the abstract. Because of its allegoric nature, a symbol gives rise to esoterism. This is true of every branch of learning. But this tendency is most evident in religion. Religious truth, being intangible, has given rise to much symbology. Every religion has its own body of symbols which suggest the ultimate Reality and other spiritual truths. Hinduism has made use of symbolism profusely with a definite purpose, that of setting forth in visible or audible likeness what cannot be really or fully expressed or conceived. The highest reality in Hinduism is Brahman, the all-pervading divine Ground, which is absolute and indefinable. Symbols are used as intermediaries between the inadequate and limited capacity of man and his created language, and the incommunicable nature and fullness of Brahman. Symbols of Brahman are regarded as a portion or aspect of the truth. They provide objects of reverence, but Hinduism does not consider them as ultimate. They are stepping-stones to higher conceptions, signposts or guides to better or higher thoughts. That is why Hinduism does not look askance at so-called idols, totems, or fetishes. It considers them to have a valid function since they remind the worshiper of the Reality. Swami Vivekananda explained this viewpoint on an occasion when he was asked to condemn the fetishism of the Hottentot: “Don’t you see that there is no fetishism? Oh, your hearts are steeled that you cannot see that the child is right! The child sees person everywhere. Knowledge robs us of the child’s vision. But at last, through higher knowledge, we win back to it. He connects a living power with rocks, sticks, trees, and the rest. And is there not a living power behind them? It is symbolism, not fetishism! Can you not see?” For worship, various symbols of Brahman have been accepted—symbols which have become living because saints and holy men have visualized them and meditated on them. Of the most important ones a few may be mentioned. Brahman has been described as Satchidananda, Existence-Knowledge-Bliss absolute, or as Svayambhu, the self-created and self-existent One. But even these conceptions are difficult and elude our comprehension. So the Upanishads have prescribed for meditation the more tangible symbols of prana, the vital energy; vayu, the wind; akasha, the all-pervading ether; aditya, the sun; and so forth. Though the Vedic seers worshiped many deities, such as Indra, Varuna, Mitra, Savita, and others, they had even in those ancient times the knowledge of the supreme Brahman as the divine substratum of these deities. This is evident from sayings like the following one from the Rig Veda: “Truth is one; sages call it by various names.” For the realization of the impersonal aspect of Brahman, meditation is enjoined considering the soul as a spark rising from a bl


What name is given to the age of human agricultural and technology revolution, from Greek 'new' and 'stone'?

Agriculture And The Origins Of Civilization:      There was   nothing natural or inevitable about the development of agriculture. Because   cultivation of plants requires more labor than hunting and gathering, we can   assume that Stone Age humans gave up their former ways of life reluctantly   and slowly. In fact, peoples such as the Bushmen of Southwest Africa   still follow them today. But between about 8000 and 3500 B.C., increasing   numbers of humans shifted to dependence on cultivated crops and domesticated   animals for their subsistence. By about 7000 B.C., their tools and skills had   advanced sufficiently for cultivating peoples to support towns with over one   thousand people, such as Jericho in the valley of the Jordan River and   Catal Huyuk in present-day Turkey. By 3500 B.C., agricultural peoples in the Middle   East could support sufficient numbers of non-cultivating specialists to give   rise to the first civilizations. As this pattern spread to or developed   independently in other centers across the globe, the character of most human lives and   the history of the species as a whole were fundamentally transformed. Causes Of The   Agrarian Transformation        Because there   are no written records of the transition period between 8000 and 5000 B.C.   when many animals were first domesticated and plants were cultivated on a   regular basis, we cannot be certain why and how some peoples adopted these new   ways of producing food and other necessities of life. Climatic changes   associated with the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the last Ice Age (about   12,000 B.C.), may have played an important role. These climatic shifts   prompted the migration of many big game animals to new pasturelands in   northern areas. They also left a dwindling supply of game for human hunters in   areas such as the Middle East, where agriculture first arose and many animals were   first domesticated. Climatic shifts also led to changes in the distribution   and growing patterns of wild grains and other crops on which hunters and   gatherers depended. In addition, it is likely that the shift to sedentary farming   was prompted in part by an increase in human populations in certain areas. It   is possible that the population growth was caused by changes in the   climate and plant and animal life, forcing hunting bands to move into the   territories where these shifts had been minimal. It is also possible that   population growth occurred within these unaffected regions, because the   hunting-and-gathering pattern reached higher levels of productivity. Peoples   like the Natufians found their human communities could grow significantly by   intensively harvesting grains that grew in the wild. As the population grew,   more and more attention was given to the grain harvest, which eventually led   to the conscious and systematic cultivation of plants and thus the agrarian   revolution. The Domestication Of   Plants And Animals        The peoples who   first cultivated cereal grains had long observed them growing in the wild   and gleaned their seeds as they gathered other plants for their leaves and   roots. In Late Paleolithic times both wild barley and wheat grew over large areas   in present-day Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel.   Hunting-and-gathering bands in these areas may have consciously experimented with   planting and nurturing seeds taken from the wilds or they may have accidentally   discovered the principles of domestication by observing the growth of seeds   dropped near their campsites. However it began, the practice of   agriculture caught on only gradually. Archeological evidence suggests that the   first agriculturists retained their hunting-and-gathering activities as a hedge   against the ever-present threat of starvation. But as Stone Age peoples   became more adept at cultivating a growing range of crops, including   protein-rich legumes such as peas and beans, various fruits, and o


With the symbol Wb what is the unit of magnetic flux?

schoolphysics ::Welcome:: HOME > AGE 16 - 19 > ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM > ELECTROMAGNETISM > FLUX AND FLUX DENSITY Flux and flux density To understand the meaning of magnetic flux (Φ) and magnetic flux density (B) think first about an ordinary bar magnet. Around the magnet there is a magnetic field and this gives a �flow of magnetic energy� around the magnet. It is this flow of energy that we call magnetic flux (Φ). We think of magnetic flux as flowing from the north pole of a magnet round to its south pole as shown by the arrows on the lines in the diagram.  Looking at the diagram you should see that there is as much flux flowing �from the north pole� as there is �flowing into the south pole�. Magnetic flux is given the symbol Φ and is measured in units called Webers (Wb). However the amount of magnetic flux flowing through a given area will change from one point to another around the magnet and you can understand this by thinking about a loop of wire placed in the field at two different points (A and B). You can see that in position B there are a smaller number of magnetic field lines passing through the loop than there is when it is in position A. We call the amount of flux passing through a unit area at right angles to the magnetic field lines the flux density (B) at that point. Flux density is measured in Tesla (T) where 1 T = 1 Wbm-2 So: Flux (Φ) = Flux density (B) x area through which flux passes (A)    Φ = BA If we now use more than one loop of wire, in others words a coil of N turns as shown in position C the flux flowing through the N turns is simply N times that flowing through the single loop. The quantity NΦ is called the the flux linkage for the coil at that point. Therefore:


Keeping up with the Birds: The killdeer and its Nesting Habits The killdeer and its Nesting Habits BIRD COLUMN FOR July 25, 2004 By Benjamin P. Burtt Topic: The Killdeer and its Nesting Habits , Precocial and Altricial Youngsters, A Young Killdeer that Disappeared while I was Staring at it. A Tame Quail Introduction Provided below is a copy of all the material that appeared in the newspaper column on the date above, plus extra information for the interested reader who wishes to learn more about this subject. Here is a recent question: Dear Prof. Burtt: We have a brown bird that nested in the pebbles beside our driveway. When we approached the nest, the bird hobbled off like she was hurt and put her tail feathers up like a peacock. Her tail feathers are a lighter brown with some white. Please tell us something about this bird. —C. N., Marcellus, NY Dear C.N: The bird is a killdeer. It is related to the sandpipers, but instead of feeding along the shore, it prefers plowed fields and pasture lands. There it eats worms, grubs and insects of various kinds. There are two black bands across its breast. In flight, a golden-red rump is conspicuous and it has quite a long tail. It is a noisy bird and repeats its loud insistent call again and again: "kill-dee, kill-dee, kill-dee." The Killdeer Is A Common Bird The killdeer is the most common shorebird that breeds in Central New York. Shorebirds are those long legged, wading birds we see along beaches, lakeshores and muddy pools. The most familiar ones are the sandpipers that dash out into shallow water and mud flats to pick up little marine worms and other invertebrates. The largest group are the sandpipers and the next most abundant are the plovers. The killdeer is a plover. Plovers are more compact and with a shorter neck than the sandpipers. The bill is shorter and stouter too. Of all the shorebirds, the killdeer is one of the easiest to identify for there are two black bands across the breast as shown in the painting. In flight, a golden-red rump is conspicuous and it has quite a long tail. CAPTION: This common shorebird, a killdeer, frequents pastures or fields rather than the seashore. Its well-camouflaged eggs are laid right on the ground with only a bit of gravel for a nest. The chicks leave the nest the day they hatch. This painting is from the Peterson field guide, "Birds of Eastern and Central North America", fifth edition ( Courtesy of Houghton Mifflin Co. ) It is a noisy bird and repeats its loud insistent call again and again: "kill-dee, kill-dee, kill-dee." Both its common name and its scientific name reflect this characteristic voice. The scientific name is Charadrius vociferus where the first word is the genus and the second part, the species name. The species , vociferous, is close to the English word, vociferous which means noisy or loud. Practically No Nest It lays its eggs in the open on the ground. Spots with gravel, cinders or pebbles are chosen where the eggs will be almost invisible. There is no real nest. It finds a small depression on the ground or perhaps scrapes a very shallow hollow. Now and then, it puts a few pieces of grass on the spot. The eggs are laid right on the ground. They have a lot of brownish blotches and spots on a buffy background. The eggs are very large for the size of the parent bird. For example, although the killdeer and the robin are very nearly the same size, the killdeer's egg is twice the size of a robin's egg. It only takes the robin 13 days to hatch its egg, but the killdeer egg requires 26 days! There are some good reasons for these differences. Killdeer youngsters are “precocial” Young birds fall into two categories, depending upon how well developed they are when they hatch. Altricial birds hatch in a helpless condition , most with their eyes closed, are unable to leave the nest and are wholly dependent upon their parents for food and care. Most are born naked . Examples are robins, jays and house sparrows. The herons, hawks and owls are born with a covering of down, but they are still helpless. Precocial birds hatch in the


The controversially named nation Myanmar is also called controversially what?

BBC News - Should it be Burma or Myanmar? BBC News Should it be Burma or Myanmar? WHO, WHAT, WHY? The Magazine answers... 'Burma' to the pro-democracy camp Protest marches in Burma have entered a ninth day. But why is the country not known in the UK by its official name, Myanmar? The eyes of the world's media are focused on Rangoon, where tensions are rising in the streets, yet news organisations and nations differ in what they call the country. The ruling military junta changed its name from Burma to Myanmar in 1989, a year after thousands were killed in the suppression of a popular uprising. Rangoon also became Yangon. THE ANSWER It's known as Myanmar in many countries and at the UN But the UK doesn't recognise the legitimacy of the regime that changed the name The Adaptation of Expression Law also introduced English language names for other towns, some of which were not ethnically Burmese. The change was recognised by the United Nations, and by countries such as France and Japan, but not by the United States and the UK. A statement by the Foreign Office says: "Burma's democracy movement prefers the form 'Burma' because they do not accept the legitimacy of the unelected military regime to change the official name of the country. Internationally, both names are recognised." It's general practice at the BBC to refer to the country as Burma, and the BBC News website says this is because most of its audience is familiar with that name rather than Myanmar. The same goes for Rangoon, people in general are more familiar with this name than Yangon. But look in a Lonely Planet guidebook to Asia and the country can be found listed after Mongolia, not Brunei. The Rough Guide does not cover Burma at all, because the pro-democracy movement has called for a tourism boycott. HOW IS MYANMAR PRONOUNCED? How to say 'Myanmar' So does the choice of Burma or Myanmar indicate a particular political position? Mark Farmener, of Burma Campaign UK, says: "Often you can tell where someone's sympathies lie if they use Burma or Myanmar. Myanmar is a kind of indicator of countries that are soft on the regime. "But really it's not important. Who cares what people call the country? It's the human rights abuses that matter. "There's not a really strong call from the democracy movement saying you should not call it Myanmar, they just challenge the legitimacy of the regime. It's probable it will carry on being called Myanmar after the regime is gone." Colloquial name The two words mean the same thing and one is derived from the other. Burmah, as it was spelt in the 19th Century, is a local corruption of the word Myanmar. They have both been used within Burma for a long time, says anthropologist Gustaaf Houtman, who has written extensively about Burmese politics. WHO, WHAT, WHY? A regular part of the BBC News Magazine, Who, What, Why? aims to answer some of the questions behind the headlines "There's a formal term which is Myanmar and the informal, everyday term which is Burma. Myanmar is the literary form, which is ceremonial and official and reeks of government. [The name change] is a form of censorship." If Burmese people are writing for publication, they use 'Myanmar', but speaking they use 'Burma', he says. This reflects the regime's attempt to impose the notion that literary language is master, Mr Houtman says, but there is definitely a political background to it. Richard Coates, a linguist at the University of Western England, says adopting the traditional, formal name is an attempt by the junta to break from the colonial past. The UN uses Myanmar, presumably deferring to the idea that its members can call themselves what they wish Richard Coates, Linguist "Local opposition groups do not accept that, and presumably prefer to use the 'old' colloquial name, at least until they have a government with popular legitimacy. Governments that agree with this stance still call the country Burma. "The UN uses Myanmar, presumably deferring to the idea that its members can call themselves what they wish, provided the decision is recorded in UN proceedings. The


International dialling codes beginning with the number 2 are chiefly for which continent?

World Telephone Numbering Guide Greenland Some country codes in World Zone 2 are not in Africa. Aruba (+297) is near the South American continent, but there are no spare codes available in World Zone 5. A free code from World Zone 2 seemed to be the next best choice. Faroe Islands (+298) and Greenland (+299) are in the northern Atlantic, between North America and Europe. But for many years, there were no available country code assignments in the traditional European zones (World Zones 3 and 4). However, due to political upheavals such as the post-Soviet era national breakups, several codes have since become available in World Zones 3 and 4. There is no indication that these nations will be changing country codes, however. Zone 3


"What member of the Murdoch media family said in 2012, ""Profit without purpose is a recipe for disaster""?"

Elisabeth Murdoch takes aim at brother on media morality | Reuters Thu Aug 23, 2012 | 4:39 PM EDT Elisabeth Murdoch takes aim at brother on media morality Elisabeth Murdoch (L) talks to her brother James Murdoch, Chairman and Chief Executive of News Corp, Europe and Asia, at Cheltenham Festival horse racing meet in Gloucestershire, western England March 18, 2010. Reuters/ Eddie Keogh By Paul Sandle | EDINBURGH EDINBURGH Elisabeth Murdoch urged the media industry on Thursday to embrace morality and reject her brother James's mantra of profit at all costs, in a speech seen as an attempt to distance herself from the scandal that has tarnished the family name. Addressing television executives, she said profit without purpose was a recipe for disaster and the phone hacking scandal at the News of the World tabloid - which has badly hurt her father Rupert Murdoch's News Corp empire - showed the need for a rigorous set of values. The comments from a woman who has powerful friends in the British establishment and the support of her PR husband Matthew Freud, are likely to be examined for whether she could one day run News Corp instead of her brothers whose chances have faded. "News (Corp) is a company that is currently asking itself some very significant and difficult questions about how some behaviors fell so far short of its values," she said in the annual television industry MacTaggart lecture. "Personally I believe one of the biggest lessons of the past year has been the need for any organization to discuss, affirm and institutionalize a rigorous set of values based on an explicit statement of purpose," she said in remarks which drew applause. Elisabeth Murdoch - a successful television producer who was overlooked for senior jobs at News Corp that went first to her brother Lachlan and then James - said a lack of morality could become a dangerous own goal for capitalism. Rupert Murdoch last year closed the News of the World, which was owned by a News Corp unit, amid public anger that its journalists had hacked into the voicemails of people from celebrities to victims of crime. A number of former executives have appeared in court over the case and the government set up a judicial inquiry into press standards. "There's only one way to look at this," Murdoch biographer Michael Wolff told Reuters. "This is part of a strategic repositioning of Liz Murdoch within the media world, with the business world and within the family." The often humorous lecture delivered at the annual Edinburgh Television Festival came three years after James Murdoch used the same platform to confront a largely hostile audience with his vision for the industry. Elisabeth, 44, and 39-year-old James had been very close, according to sources close to the family, but their relationship became strained by the hacking affair. "Writing a MacTaggart (lecture) has been quite a welcome distraction from some of the other nightmares much closer to home. Yes, you have met some of my family before," she said to laughter, in a rare speech for the founder of the successful television production company Shine. Stewart Purvis, the former head of broadcast news provider ITN, said on Twitter that the speech should be called "Why I am not my father or my brother". Her highly personal speech appeared designed to win over any doubters, with references to childhood conversations at the breakfast table with dad to her continuing affection for the much-loved British playwright Alan Bennett. She even lavished praise on the state-owned BBC, previously the butt of jokes by her brother but which also regularly airs programs made by her Shine company. RECIPE FOR DISASTER Referring to her younger brother James's 2009 speech, Elisabeth said his assertion that the only reliable, durable and perpetual guarantor of media independence was profit had fallen short of the mark. "The reason his statement sat so uncomfortably is that profit without purpose is a recipe for disaster," she said. "Profit must be our servant, not our master," she added. "It's increasingly apparent that the absence of pur


Labanotation is a system for coding/recording/analyzing what movement?

Labanotation: The System of Analyzing and Recording Movement - Ann Hutchinson Guest - Google Books Labanotation: The System of Analyzing and Recording Movement 1 Review https://books.google.com/books/about/Labanotation.html?id=rEzxpZX0BNkC A definitive book for students of dance and movement studies, Labanotation is now available in a fourth edition, the first complete revision of the text since 1977. Initiated by the movement genius Rudolf Laban, and refined through fifty years of work by teachers here and abroad, Labanotation, the first wholly successful system for recording human movement, is now having the effect on ballet and other forms of dance that the prefection of music notation in the Renaissance had on the development of music. This book makes it possible to record accurately, for study and reconstruction, the great dance creations of the theater, as well as such diverse activities as time/motion studies for industry, personnel assessment and physical therapy. So comprehensive that it can indicate even facial expressions, the system is also simple enough for a child to learn easily as an integral part of athletic or dance training.


Which country gave diplomatic asylum/refuge to Wikileaks founder Julian Assange in 2012?

Julian Assange: Ecuador grants Wikileaks founder asylum - BBC News BBC News Julian Assange: Ecuador grants Wikileaks founder asylum 16 August 2012 Image copyright AP Image caption Julian Assange's Wikileaks website published leaked diplomatic cables Ecuador has granted asylum to Wikileaks founder Julian Assange two months after he took refuge in its London embassy while fighting extradition from the UK. It said his human rights might be violated if he is sent to Sweden to be questioned over sex assault claims. Foreign Secretary William Hague said the UK would not allow Mr Assange safe passage out of the country and the move was also criticised by Stockholm. Ecuador said it would seek to negotiate arrangements for Mr Assange to leave. "We don't think it is reasonable that, after a sovereign government has made the decision of granting political asylum, a citizen is forced to live in an embassy for a long period," Foreign Minister Ricardo Patino said. Mr Assange took refuge at the embassy in June to avoid extradition to Sweden, where he faces questioning over assault and rape claims, which he denies. Mr Patino had accused the UK of making an "open threat" to enter its embassy to arrest Mr Assange, an Australian national. Media captionEcuador's foreign minister Ricardo Patino: "We believe that his fears are legitimate" Mr Assange said being granted political asylum by Ecuador was a "significant victory" and thanked staff in the Ecuadorean embassy in London. However, as the Foreign Office insisted the decision would not affect the UK's legal obligation to extradite him to Sweden, Mr Assange warned: "Things will get more stressful now." "It was not Britain or my home country, Australia, that stood up to protect me from persecution, but a courageous, independent Latin American nation," said Mr Assange, who watched the announcement with embassy staff in a live link to a press conference in Quito. "While today is a historic victory, our struggles have just begun. The unprecedented US investigation against Wikileaks must be stopped. Analysis By Dominic CascianiHome affairs correspondent Political asylum is not available to anyone facing a serious non-political crime - such as the allegations levelled against Mr Assange. But does his new status mean he can now leave his Swedish problems behind? No. Asylum does not equal immunity from prosecution - and Julian Assange needs safe passage through UK territory that he won't get. Mr Assange knows he can't leave without risking arrest by officers waiting outside. The police can't enter the embassy unless the government revokes its status. Embassy vehicles are protected by law from police searches - but how could he get into an Ecuadorean car without being apprehended? And what happens after he's in the car? At some point he will have to get out again. Stranger things have happened. In 1984 there was an attempt to smuggle a Nigerian man from the UK in a so-called "diplomatic bag" protected from inspection. The bag was in fact a large crate - and customs officers successfully intercepted it at the airport. "While today much of the focus will be on the decision of the Ecuadorean government, it is just as important that we remember Bradley Manning has been detained without trial for over 800 days," he said, referring to the former US soldier accused of leaking government material to Wikileaks . Mr Assange is expected to make a statement in front of the embassy on Sunday at 14:00 BST, according to the Wikileaks Twitter feed. 'Legal obligation' Announcing Ecuador's decision, Mr Patino launched a strong attack on the UK for what he said was an "explicit type of blackmail". The UK Foreign Office had warned, in a note, that it could lift the embassy's diplomatic status to fulfil a "legal obligation" to extradite the 41-year-old by using the Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987 . That allows the UK to revoke the diplomatic status of an embassy on UK soil, which would potentially allow police to enter the building to arrest Mr Assange for breaching the terms of his bail. Mr Hague said it was a


Whats a 2-3 seater bicycle called? Whats a 2-3 seater bicycle called? Answers: double-pedal bike? or bi-bicycle?... A 2 seater is commonly called a bicycle built for two.  A 3 seater is more like a challenge in motion. tricycle or tribike I've always head a two-seater bike called a "tandem" bike. tandem bicycle More Related Questions & Answers...


Kinesics is more commonly known as what form of communication?

Kinesics | Define Kinesics at Dictionary.com kinesics [ki-nee-siks, -ziks, kahy-] /kɪˈni sɪks, -zɪks, kaɪ-/ Spell noun, (used with a singular verb) 1. the study of body movements, gestures, facial expressions, etc., as a means of communication. Origin of kinesics 1950-55; < Greek kī́nēs(is) (see kinesis ) + -ics Related forms British Dictionary definitions for kinesics Expand noun 1. (functioning as sing) the study of the role of body movements, such as winking, shrugging, etc, in communication Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for kinesics Expand study of body language, 1952, from Greek kinesis "movement, motion" (see cite ) + -ics . Related: kinesic. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


What is the common alternative abbreviated name for a Cannon plug/connector used in professional audio systems?

Audio Glossary | Definitions Audio Glossary and Definitions Audio Glossary & Definitions A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z A A-B Test: A test by which an observor subjectively compares the performance of two components of the same         type; for example, a test between two different speakers. For the test to be scientifically valid, the inputs, levels, and listening conditions         should be matched. ABX Comparator: A device that randomly selects between two components being tested. The listener doesn't         know which device is selected. AC: Alternating Current Acoustic Coupling: The interaction between two or more speakers stacked together in a PA system which may produce         a sound different to (and often better than) the sound produced by the individual speakers. Acoustic Feedback: A phenomenon where the sound from a loudspeaker is picked up by the microphone or other         transducer, like a phono cartridge feeding it, and re-amplifys it through the same loudspeaker only to return to the same microphone to be re-amplified         again, etc.. Each time the signal becomes larger until the system runs away and rings, or feeds back on itself producing the characteristic scream         or squeal found in sound (mostly, PA) systems. These buildups often occur at particular frequencies called feedback frequencies. Acoustics: The area of study which deals with the behaviour of sound. Also the effect a given environment has         on sound. Acoustic Suspension: A type of speaker enclosure that is completely sealed with no port or other device to let         air inside the enclosure flow outside the enclosure. Active Crossover: Uses electronics supplied with a power source and acting on the sound to shift sound reproduction tasks from one         speaker driver to another. AIFF: Short for Audio Interchange File Format, a common format for storing and transmitting sampled sound,         developed by Apple Computer and the standard audio format for Macintosh computers. Files are 8-bit mono or stereo and generally end with a .AIF         or .IEF extension. Normal AIFF does not support data compression so files tend to be large, but another format called AIIF-Compressed (AIFF-C         or AIFC) does support compression. Aliasing: - See "Digital Aliasing" AM: Amplitude Modulation - A method by which information, usually speech, is mixed with a radio frequency         carrier signal to modulate that carrier with the audio information. Used in medium wave, short wave broadcasts as well as in amateur radio, citizens         band radio and non licensed communications services. Ambience: The subjective quality of a space; the feel of the space achieved through a mixture of all elements         and characteristics affecting the space. Amp: Abbreviation for ampere, the unit of electrical current. Also an abbreviation for amplifier. Ampere: Unit of electrical current. Amplifier: A device which increases or boosts the level of an input signal by increasing         its amplitude. Amplifier, Power: An amplifier without tone controls, usually with a higher power output than a line amplifier or pre-amp. Commonly used to drive         loudspeakers. Amplification Classes: All sound is a sinosoidial waveform. It has alternating peaks and valleys. The center         point of each wave is the zero, or switching point that separates the positive (top) from the negative (bottom) portion of each wave. Class A: When a tube or transistor amplifier operates in Class A, the output tubes or transistors amplify           the entire waveform without splitting it into positive and negative halves. Class B: Class B amplifiers have their tube control-grids or transistor bases biased near plate- or collector-current cutoff, causing           plate- or collector-current to flow only during


Nollywood refers informally to the huge cinema industry of which nation?

Nollywood films - Big Ideas - ABC Radio National (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) Published: Tuesday 14 October 2014 2:29PM Image: Nollywood movies - the film industry is Nigeria is huge and it focuses on local issues. ( Michael Rank / Flickr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) Monday to Thursday 8pm Repeated: Tuesday to Friday 3am, Saturday 9pm


Rumtopf is a traditional Danish/German dish comprising rum and?

The Languedoc Pages - December 2012 by English Language Media Sarl - issuu 2 Pages What’s On Pages 8-9 95c | ISSUE 17 | DECEMBER 2012 publishers of The cowboys who protect our regional heritage PAGE 7 Protestors pledge to halt rural golf plans Attend a funeral without the travel Two Languedoc crematoria are pioneering an internet-based system that allows mourners to take part in memorial services without being physically present - and may be useful to expatriates. The new service, developed by the Paris-based firm Afterweb Venture, was first adopted in France by the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris – France’s largest cemetery and the second largest in Europe. The crematoria of Canet-enRoussillon (Pyrénées-Orientales) and Trèbes (Aude) are following, offering a service that allows clients to follow a funeral service from their home, on their own computer or iPad. Eric Fauveau of Afterweb Venture said: “Our service is aimed at people who cannot attend a funeral in person; perhaps due to mobility issues, illness, or simply because they are too far away and just cannot travel for the required period of time.” The procedure is simple: a remote-controlled camera is installed at the crematorium in question and films the funeral service which can then be viewed for up to 30 days online via a private website.  Turn to page 4 by LOUISE HURREN moNtpellIer’s cocktail king Page 3 RURAL residents are campaigning hard against plans to build new golf courses in the heart of the Languedoc-Roussillon countryside. Two projects in the Pyrénées-Orientales and the Aude look to have been scuppered by locals who claim they do not want to see their country landscape changed, while a third – also in the Aude – has been hit by a series of legal complications that have continued for five years. In the Pyrénées-Orientales department, the préfecture has moved to block plans for a golf course at Villeneuve-de-la-Raho, south of Perpignan. The project has not been approved because of water shortages and environmental concerns. A Facebook page (“Non au golf à Villeneuve de la Raho”) was created by an association called Agir pour Villeneuve, rallying those opposed to the project. Latest develop- ments in the case are posted on the page. The page was set up by Villeneuve resident Thomas Emeriau, who said: “Our concerns are based on the fact that we live in an area where water is already in limited supply. “We are also keen to protect the area of some 500 hectares which was earmarked not just for a golf course but also for housing with it. “We mounted a petition and attracted around 500 signatures, and organised a demonstration in front of the préfecture of the PyrénéesOrientales.” Promoter Belin Promotion and the mairie of Villeneuve have until mid-December to appeal against the préfecture’s decision.  Turn to page 2 M 05234 - 17 - F: 0,95 E 3:HIKPMD=YUU^Z]:?a@a@b@r@k; Send international money transfers the easy way. Your high street bank offers foreign exchange as part of its service. At HiFX, foreign exchange is our business. 9 Bank beating exchange rates online or over the phone 9 Track payments 24 hours a day 9 Transfer from as little as £50 9 VeriSign security used by 97 of the World’s top 100 banks Don’t let the banks cash in. www.hifx.co.uk 2 News LANGUEDOC Languedoc Pages Contact us With a story, email: languedoc@connexionfrance.com  (please include a daytime contact number) With a subscription or advert query call:  From France: 0800 91 77 56 (freephone)  From UK: 0844 256 9881 (4p per minute)  or by email: sales@ connexionfrance.com December 2012 New tram route unveiled Languedoc Pages is published by:  English Language Media Sarl,  Le Vedra, 38 rue Grimaldi, 98000 Monaco. Directrice de la publication: Sarah Smith. Printed at Nice-Matin:  214 Route de Grenoble, 06290 Nice Cedex 3. Environmental policy Languedoc Pages is printed on recycled newspaper, using a printing company which adheres to stringent regulations to reduce pollution. Mensuel Depôt légal – a parution ISSN: 2224-977X - CPPAP: 1013 I 91061 Encart abonnement sur une diffusion


What thickening agent found in gummy confectionery etc., defined as a food and produced from animal by-products, has the E Number 441?

The Food Timeline: history notes-candy While we Americans tend to think of candy in terms of supermarket and convenience stores displays, this sweet culinary family offers a much broader and complicated lineage. Food historians propose the first sweets were consumed as a sort of medical treatment for digestive troubles. Today's cough drops and peppermint sticks descend from this tradition. As time and technology progressed, so did the art of confectionery. The English word "candy" derives from Arabic "qandi," meaning something made with sugar. Indeed, the first candies were sugar coated nuts, seeds and fruits. Jujubes , licorice and marshmallows are a prime examples of ancient medicine becoming modern candy. Conserves and preserves (fruit preserved in sugar) eventually became their own type of food; typically paired toast or spread between cookies and cakes. "All of the peoples of antiquity made sweetmeats of honey before they had sugar: the Chinese, the Indians, the people of the Middle East, the Egyptians and then the Greeks and Romas used it coat fruits, flowers, and the seeds or stems of plants, to preserve them for use as an ingredient in the kind of confectionery still made in those countries today. Confectioner and preserves featured in the most sumptuous of Athenian banquets, and were an ornament to Roman feasts at the time of the Satyricon, but it seems that after that the barbarian invasions Europe forgot them for a while, except at certain wealthy courts were Eastern products were eaten...At the height of the Middle Ages sweetmeats reappeared, on the tables of the wealthy at first...In fact the confectionery of the time began as a marriage of spices and sugar, and was intended to have a therapeutic or at least preventative function, as an aid to digestive troubles due to the excessive intake of food which was neither very fresh nor very well balanced...guests were in the habit of carrying these sweetmeats to their rooms to be taken at night. They were contained in little comfit-boxes or drageoirs...." ---History of Food, Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat [Barnes & Noble Books:New York] 1992 (p. 565-6) [NOTE: This book has an excellent chapter on the history of confectionery and preserves. Ask your librarian to help you find a copy.] "Candy...The ancient Egyptians preserved nuts and fruits with honey, and by the Middle Ages physicians had learned how to mask the bad taste of their medicines with sweetness, a practice still widespread. Boiled "sugar plums were known in the seventeenth-century England and soon were to appear in the American colonies where maple-syrup candy was popular in the North and benne-seed [sesame seed] confections were just as tempting in the South. In New Amersterdam one could enjoy "marchpane," or "marzipan," which is very old decorative candy made from almonds ground into a sweet paste. While the British called such confections, "sweetmeats," Americans came to call "candy," from the Arabic qandi, "made of sugar," although one finds "candy" in English as early as the fifteenth century...Caramels were known in the early eighteenth century and lollipops by the 1780s..."Hard candies" made from lemon or peppermint flavors were popular in the early nineteenth century...A significant moment in candy history occured at the 1851 Great Exhibition in London, where "French-style" candies with rich cream centers were first displayed...But it was the discovery of milk chocolate in Switzerland in 1875 that made the American candy bar such a phenomenon of the late nineteenth century." ---Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink, John F. Mariani [Lebhar-Friedman:New York] 1999 (p. 54-5) [NOTE: This source has much more information than can be paraphrased. Ask your librarian to help you find a copy. It also contains separate entries for specific types of candies.] Recommended reading The general concensus of newspaper articles and Web sites place the origin of "sponge candy" in upstate New York. Buffalo appears to be the epicenter. We find much information about the current product but scant details regarding th


"What common substance is technically defined as ""...an organic natural composite material of cellulose fibers/fibres, strong in tension, embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression..."""

Paper Glossary | Clifford Paper, Inc. Contact Paper Glossary A A4 (size) A common ISO A-size of about 8 ¼ by 11 ¾ inches or 210 x 297mm. For all sizes see International Paper and Board Sizes. Abaca A fiber also known as manila hemp or manila fiber, prepared from the outer sheath of the stems of manila. ABCD Scheme An initiative in the UK designed to classify the type and amount of Recycled Fiber in a paper product. The scheme grades four types of waste used in paper manufacturing, as follows: A – Woodfree, approved own mill waste (waste that has not left the mill. i.e. mill broke). B – Woodfree unprinted waste (waste that has left the mill but not reached the consumer, typically from the printer or converter). C – Woodfree printed waste (post consumer waste, collected from homes, offices etc). D – Printed mechanical waste (post consumer waste, typically newspapers). To be classified as recycled, the grade has to contain no less than 50% of the total fiber from any combination of the above sources, with the percentages given for each.. A material that resists adhesion. Abhesive coatings are applied to surfaces to prevent sticking, etc. Abrasion Resistance The extent to which paper can withstand continuous scuffing or rubbing. Abrasive Papers Papers covered on one or both sides with abrasive powder, e.g. emery, sandpaper etc. The actual weight of water vapor contained in a unit weight of air, expressed in grams per cubic meter in metric system and pounds per cubic feet in English system. A characteristic of one-component liquids which have a constant ratio of shear stress over shear rate (constant viscosity) Absolute White In theory a material that perfectly reflects all light energy at every visible wavelength; in practice a solid white with known spectral data that is used as the “reference white” for all measurements of absolute reflectance. (When calibrating a spectrophotometer, often a white ceramic plaque is measured and used as the absolute white reference). Absorbable Organic Halogen (AOX) A measure of the amount of chlorine that is chemically bound to the soluble organic matter in the effluent. Absorbency The extent to which a paper will take up and hold a liquid. Absorbent Core The principal fluid-holding component of disposable hygiene products. Absorbent cores usually contain a combination of absorbent cellulose fibers (fluff pulps) and super-absorbent polymers composed of polyacrylates. Advanced cores can contain very specialized absorbent cellulose fibers, synthetic fibers and super-absorbent polymers as well as fluff pulps. Papers having the specific characteristic of absorbing liquids such as water and ink. These papers are soft, loosely felted, un-sized and bulky e.g. blotting paper. Papers having the specific characteristic of absorbing liquids such as water and ink. These papers are soft, loosely felted, unsized and bulky e.g. blotting paper. Exposing paper at elevated temperature usually at 110C in an oven or on a hot plate. The purpose of accelerated aging is to simulate the effect of aging in the laboratory. Accepted portion of pulp after cleaning and or screening operation. Accordion Fold A term for two or more parallel folds that result in the sheet opening like a fan. Accordion folds are used on products such as brochures and maps. A highly purified (high alpha cellulose) pulp made especially to be dissolved in acetic acid, acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid to make acetate rayon and acetate fiber. Achromatic Material that is white, gray and black and have no color or hue. Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) Organic matter that is not solubilized after 1 hour of refluxing in an acid detergent of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in 1N (Normal) sulfuric acid. ADF includes cellulose and lignin. Acid Free Paper A type of paper, which does not contain any acidic substance that may affect acid sensitive material. Acid free paper is anti rust and is used for metal wrapping. The treatment of cellulosic, starch, or hemicellulosic materials using acid solutions (usually mineral acids) to break down the polysaccharides


What ubiquitous instrument makes a sound technically called a 'chick' when played closed?

About Drums About Drums Links The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments, which is technically classified as the membranophones .  Drums consist of at least one membrane , called a drum head or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with the player's hands or with a drum stick , to produce the sound .  There is usually a "resonance head" on the underside of the drum, these are usually tuned to a slightly lower pitch than the top drum head.  Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the thumb roll .  Drums are the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments and the most basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years. A drum kit ,drum set, trap set, or just drums is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments , typically cymbals , which are set up on stands to be played by a single player with drumsticks held in both hands and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum . A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell.  In the 2000s, some kits also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. A standard modern kit (for a right-handed player), as used in popular music and taught in music schools, contains: - A snare drum , mounted on a stand , placed between the player's knees and played with drum sticks :  - A bass drum , played by a pedal operated by the right foot - Two or more toms , played with sticks or brushes - A hi-hat , played with the sticks, opened and closed with left foot pedal - One or more cymbals , played with the sticks All of these are classed as  non-pitched percussion , allowing for the music to be  scored  using  percussion notation , for which a loose semi-standardized form exists for the drum kit. If some or all of them are replaced by  electronic drums , the scoring and most often positioning remains the same, allowing a standard teaching approach. The drum kit is usually played while seated on a  drum stool  or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the  piano  or  guitar . The drum kit is part of the standard rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues and jazz. Other standard instruments used in the  rhythm section  include the  electric bass ,  electric guitar  and  keyboards . Many drummers  extend  their kits from this basic pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals, and many other instruments including  pitched percussion . In some styles of music particular extensions are normal, for example  double bass drums  in  heavy metal music  and the enlarged kits used by some  progressive rock drummers , which may include unusual instruments such as  gongs . Some performers use  small kits  that omit elements from the basic setup, such as some  rockabilly  drummers. Some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing  backup vocals , or less commonly,  lead vocals .