Compsers Who Wrote Nine Symphonies (And More Or Fewer) - The Horn The Horn Religious Music(Choral) Compsers Who Wrote Nine Symphonies (And More Or Fewer)   For  some  reason,  the  number  nine  has  long  been  a  superstitious  number  for  many  composers.  It  all  started  with  Beethoven,  who  wrote  nine  symphonies,  the  last  being  the  immortal  "Choral"  symphony  with  the  famous  "Ode  To  Joy".  Other  composers  who  wrote (more  or  less)  nine  symphonies  include  Franz  Schubert,  Anton  Bruckner,  the  Englishmen  Ralph  Vaughan  Williams,  Sir  Malcolm  Arnold,  and  Antonin  Dvorak.   But  it  isn't  that  simple.  Schubert's  ninth  was  famously  unfinished,and  the  seventh  remains  in  sketch  form,but  later  orchestrated  by  others.  Bruckner  died  before  finishing  his  ninth, but  wrote  two  early  unnumbered  symphonies,one  called  no 0.  Mahler  left  his  tenth  in  sketch  form,and  it  was  later  completed  by  others.   Joseph  Haydn  worte  no  fewer  than  107  symphonies, although  the  numbering  goes  up  only  to  107.  There  are  41  numbered  Mozart  symphonies, several  early  unnumbered  ones, and  no  no  37.  It  appears  that  Mozart  wrote  only  the  opening  of  what  might  have  been  no  37,  and  another  composer  wrote  the  rest.  The  French  composers  Cesar  Franck  (actually  a  Belgian),  Paul  Dukas  and  Ernest  Chausson  wrote  only  one  symphony  each. Brahms  wrote  four, Tchaikovsky,  Carl  Nielsen,  Bohuslav  Martinu  six,  Sibelius  and  Prokofiev  seven,  Dimitri  Shostakovich  15,  Nikolai  Myaskovsky  27,  etc.   But  some  composers  became  superstitious  about  the  number  nine ,including  Briuckner  and  Mahler,  who  feared  dying  before  completing  more.  In  our  time,  the  noted  Finnmish  conductor  and  composer  Leif  Segerstam,  born  in  1944,  has  written  more  than  200 !   Some  composers,  such  as  Claude  Debussy,  Maurice  Ravel,  the  Russian  Modest  Mussorgsky,  and  the  German  Max  Reger  (1873-  1916, ) wrote  no  symphonies. Debussy  considered  the  symphony  a  rather  academic  musical  form and  avoided  writing  them,  but  some  consider  his  famous  orchestral  work  La  Mer(the  sea),  to  be  somewhat of  a  symphony.    At  the  time  the  second  world  war  ended,  Shostakovich  had  written  8  symphonies.  Nos  7  and  8  were  inspired  by  the  horrors  of the  second  world  war,  and  evoke  the  terrible  suffering of  the  Russian  people. duuring  the  war,  the  7th  being  called  the"Leningrad"  symphony.  Joseph  Stalin,  whose  off and  on  displeasure  with  his  music  had  caused  Shostakovich  so  much  mental  suffering,  was  reportedly  expecting  the  composer  to  write  a  huge,  bombastic  choral  symphony  celebrating  the  end of  the  devastating  war.  But  Shostakovich  wrote  his  brief,  almost  Haydnesque  9th  symphony,  a  work  full  of  mocking  sarcasm,  which  displeased  Stalin  greatly.    But  the  great  10th  symphony  was  written  after  Stalin  died  in  1953,  and  the  finale  is  unusually  joyous  and  exuberant  for  Shostakovich,  and  has  been  described  as  an  expression  of  relief  at  the  death  of  the  murderous  tyrant.  The  short  and   brutal   second  movement  has  been  described  as  a  poretrait  of  Stalin.   You  can  get  recordings  of  all  these  symphonies,  and   ones  by  who  knows  how  many  other  composers  either  singly  or  in  boxed  sets  with  all  a  composers  symphonies  with  one  conductor  and orchestra.  More  than  70  different  conductors  have  recorded  sets  of  all  9  Beethoven  symphonies,  some  more  than  once,  such  as  Herbert von Karajan  (1908-1989),  who  recorded  no  fewer  than  four  complete  Beethoven  cycles  in  his  lifetime.    Among  the  conductors  who  have  recorded  all  nine  Beethoven  symphonies  are  such  great  names  as  Arturo Toscanini,Leonard  Bernstein,  George  Szell.  Bruno  Walter,  Bernard  Haitink,  Eugen  Jocheum,  Otto  Klemperer,


In Thomas Hardy's novels Casterbridge is based on which real town or city?

The Mayor of Casterbridge Research Papers on Thomas Hardy's Famous Wessex Novels Order Paper Our Prices Who We Are What We Do The Mayor of Casterbridge The Mayor of Casterbridge research papers analyze one of Thomas Hardy's famous Wessex novels that was published in 1886. One of Thomas Hardy’s more famous Wessex novels is The Mayor of Casterbridge, which was first published in 1886. Subtitled “The Life and Death of a Man of Character,” the novel is set in the fictitious town of Casterbridge, which is based on the real town of Dorchester. There are many real-life locations mentioned in the book, as well as two characters from another Hardy novel, Far from the Madding Crowd . The story of The Mayor of Casterbridge begins with Michael Henchard, who gets drunk at a county fair and sells his wife and daughter to a sailor. The next day, he swears to never touch alcohol again. Eighteen years later, he is the Mayor of Casterbridge, known for his sobriety, but keeping the details of the loss of his wife secret. After Henchard falls in love with Lucrette, his wife and grown daughter return, sparking a decline in Henchard’s fortunes. Donald Farfrae, a Scotsman, enters the picture and is the exact opposite of Henchard. Farfrae takes an interest in Henchard’s daughter, but winds up marrying Lucrette. Farfrae buys Henchard’s business and becomes the new mayor of Casterbridge. When Lucrette dies, he marries Henchard’s daughter. After twenty-one years of sobriety, Henchard begins drinking again, when his daughter comes to forgive him, she finds him dead. Henchard’s will requests no funeral so that no one will ever remember him. Related Research Paper Topics Jude the Obscure essays examine Thomas Hardy's last completed novel before he abandoned novel writing and picked up on his poetry. Tess of the d’Urbervilles research papers examine Thomas Hardy's novel that challenged the many Victorian sexual mores of the time. How to Write a Research Paper on The Mayor of Casterbridge This page is designed to show you how to write a research project on the topic you see to the left. Use our sample or order a custom written research paper from Paper Masters. Custom Research Papers - Custom written research papers on any topic you need starting at $23.95 per page. Custom Research Paper Services - Learn about all of Paper Masters' custom research paper and writing services. Your Research Paper Worries will end in Less Than 5 Minutes! Order a custom research paper on ANY topic. Secure Online Ordering


In which town is the administrative headquarters of Wiltshire?

Wiltshire facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Wiltshire The Oxford Companion to British History © The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. Wiltshire is one of the larger counties, more than 50 miles from north to south. It is not easy to perceive much geographical coherence and the balance of the county has constantly changed. The northern towns of Cricklade and Malmesbury had little contact with Mere or Downton in the south, save occasionally at shire meetings, held often for convenience at Devizes in the middle. For decades there was a rough understanding that the two county parliamentary seats would be shared by north and south—a convention formalized after the Great Reform Act of 1832, which established two divisions with two seats each. Most of Wiltshire was prosperous farming country, the north famous for cheese, the south for butter, and the middle, around Salisbury plain, given over to sheep. On the western fringes, around Trowbridge, Bradford, Westbury, and Melksham, there was a domestic cloth industry, described by Defoe in his tour of the 1720s as very flourishing. The county took its name from Wilton, on the river Wylye, a tributary of the Salisbury Avon. As Wilton declined, prosperity shifted first to Old Sarum, then to New Sarum or Salisbury, which, by Tudor times, was one of the ten largest towns in the kingdom, with a population of 8,000. The diocese of the county, founded in 905, also moved around, beginning at Ramsbury , moving to Sherborne , and finishing at the two Sarums. The foundation stone of the great cathedral at Salisbury was laid in 1220. In modern times, with the development of Swindon as a railway town, the balance swung again: a hamlet of just over 1,000 people at Old Swindon in 1801 became by 1881 by far the largest town in Wiltshire, with 17,000 people, and, by the 1990s, had risen to more than 170,000. In pre-Roman times, the area was one of the most thickly populated in the country, the settlers preferring dry chalk lands to the damp and heavily wooded valleys. Wiltshire is the richest of all counties in prehistoric remains, festooned with barrows, and in Stonehenge and Avebury claiming two of the greatest sites in Europe . Though the tribes of the Durotriges and the Atrebates had a reputation for bravery, the region fell easily to the Roman advance. The Romans do not seem to have found it congenial and there are comparatively few remains from that period. By the later 6th cent. it had succumbed to the Saxons , who won a decisive victory at Old Sarum in 552. In the early 9th cent. it was heavily disputed between Mercia and Wessex and was a centre of Alfred's struggles against the Danes. The first evidence of its emerging identity is a reference in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 800 to the defeat of the Hwicce from Gloucestershire by the Wilsætes, under their ealdorman Woxtan. In 898 there was a further reference to Ædelm, ‘Wiltunscire ealdorman’. The most remarkable survival from the Saxon period is the tiny church at Bradford on Avon , used as a cottage for many years and only rediscovered in 1856. In the 13th cent. Wiltshire acquired parliamentary representation, and eventually no fewer than sixteen of its boroughs were given seats, rivalling Cornwall in profusion. The county had a reputation for sturdy independency. Though there were several aristocratic families—the Herberts at Wilton, the Howards at Charlton, and the Bruces at Tottenham Park—the county was too large for one magnate to dominate. The nobility avoided expensive county contests, concentrated on their neighbouring boroughs, and left the shire representation largely to the country gentlemen. During the Civil War , the region lay between royalist and parliamentary areas and saw much fighting. Wardour castle was held for the king by Lady Arundell, surrendered in 1643, but was retaken by her son and destroyed rather than let it be used by the enemy. Hopton's victory over Waller at Roundway Down in 1643 delivered most of the shire into roya


Which French wine region produces Pouilly-Fuisse?

Wine Facts Online: Kinds of Wine: Wine By Region: Europe: France: Burgundy: Maconnais Pouilly-Fuissé    St-Véran    Viré-Clessé In our coverage of Chardonnay in Burgundy, there is one final outpost. In the far south of the Burgundy region, practically on the southern border, lie the Mâconnais villages. The most prosaic of them produce wine that is uninteresting, but the most well-known--Pouilly-Fuissé--makes a style of wine that is inimitable to those who love its rich oakiness and firm structure. The magic of Pouilly has spread to neighboring villages, such as St-Véran, which is rapidly growing in prowess. The region itself is called the Mâconnais, and takes its name from the town of Mâcon. Mâcon, which has a long non-wine history in which it established itself as one of Burgundy's most important places, is an important wine region in and of itself. It is here that almost the only reds are produced, but due to the unfavorable climate of the Pinot Noir grape, they are rarely promising and thus are almost never exported outside of France. Comparison to the Côte de Beaune's top wines is difficult, but on the lower levels, Pouilly-Fuissé makes wine so much less expensive and with the potential to be equal or better that it is now the primary white Burgundy appellation for people of more modest means. If you have $400, of course a Montrachet is the best, but not everyone wants to spend that much, and Pouilly-Fuissé offers something that everyone loves--great Burgundy at a (comparatively) good price. History The Mâconnais appellation takes its name from the town of Mâcon. The ancient bishopric of Mâcon, also known as the ancient diocese of Mâcon, was located in the village and shaped much of its early history since its inception in the 530s. The bishops were so powerful that they were allowed to rule the village until the year 850. Life in the village became bloody as authorities fought over who should rule it and whether it should be a part of the Burgundy appellation. Meanwhile, wine was a common export that had been introduced early on by the Romans, but food crops took precedence and the village of Pouilly-Fuissé wasn't particularly known. The story got ugly after the French Revolution, when a battle between bishops and peasants ended badly for the poor. Eventually, the diocese was broken up and lost almost all of its power. Only in recent times has the capacity of Pouilly-Fuissé been recognized. In a time when the market is shifting towards more inexpensive wines from less reputed appellations, the Mâconnais continues to grow in importance. Climate and Viticulture It is important to remember that there are no limestone escarpments in Mâconnais; no Côtes, as a matter of fact, and this makes the wine style a lot different than in the Côte de Beaune. Also, it is very far south, meaning the weather is too hot for Pinot Noir, and this makes Chardonnay the main grape of the villages. The soil of the Mâconnais villages is made up of alkaline, iron-rich clay. The powerful minerals in this clay keep the wine fresh and crisp, and the clay itself brings out great flavor in the Chardonnay. Most producers oak their wine to bring out the rich, honeyed side of the yellow fruit, which mingles with more generic notes of oak spice and vanilla, along with an underlying potency of minerals. Grape Varieties Except for the quaffing reds of the basic Mâcon appellation, which are rarely exported to the USA, it's pretty much all Chardonnay here. Since the appellations are generally large and diverse in terroir, the Chard varies in style, from rich and buttery to fresh, crisp, and minerally. But what all the wines seem to share is a smoky, hazy element that makes the exotic flavors of peach, pineapple, and other yellow fruits more perfumed and vibrant. As a result, the best wines of this appellation are known for being "heady": so aromatic they almost could outdo their Côte d'Or cousins just on the strength of their aroma. Of course, to the trained palate there's less underlying complexity of flavor, but the difference in price here is so signifi


Ilex - definition of ilex by The Free Dictionary Ilex - definition of ilex by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ilex Related to ilex: Ilex paraguariensis i·lex [Middle English, holm oak, from Latin īlex.] ilex (ˈaɪlɛks) n 1. (Plants) any of various trees or shrubs of the widely distributed genus Ilex, such as the holly and inkberry: family Aquifoliaceae 2. (Plants) another name for the holm oak [C16: from Latin] an evergreen oak, Quercus ilex, of E Europe, having foliage resembling that of the holly. [1590–1600] Noun 1. Ilex - a large genus of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs of the family Aquifoliaceae that have small flowers and berries (including hollies) Aquifoliaceae , family Aquifoliaceae , holly family - widely distributed shrubs and trees holly - any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges Chinese holly , Ilex cornuta - dense rounded evergreen shrub of China having spiny leaves; widely cultivated as an ornamental Translations Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: holly References in classic literature ? Through the speckled shadow of the great deodar-forests; through oak feathered and plumed with ferns; birch, ilex, rhododendron, and pine, out on to the bare hillsides' slippery sunburnt grass, and back into the woodlands' coolth again, till oak gave way to bamboo and palm of the valley, the lama swung untiring. How to Restore Jailbroken iOS Device to Stock Settings via iLEX RAT [VIDEO and Tutorial] She thought a career in law looked interesting, the ILEX qualifications looked good and ILEX offered a way to obtain the qualifications she needed for a career in law without going to university and without the debt that had worried her. BIG BUILDING OK WITH CITY AS LONG AS IT BRINGS JOBS This acquisition strengthens our oncology portfolio by adding six proprietary anti-angiogenic proteins, a small molecule angiogenesis inhibitor, a DNA-repair inhibitor, and patents to use of these and other compounds as radiation and chemotherapy sensitizers," said ILEX president and chief executive officer Richard L. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.


Which French wine region produces Pouilly-Fume?

French wines and wine regions of France South-west Alsace Situated on the lower eastern slopes of the Vosges mountains, in the Rhine valley between Strasbourg and Mulhouse, the Alsace vineyard is rather different from any other French wine growing area. Like the region of Alsace itself, the wine culture here is steeped in a Germanic tradition, producing mostly dry or fruity white wines, the most popular being Riesling, Sylvaner and the very fruity Gewurztraminer. The rules of Appellation contrôlée - and more recently of Appellation Protégée (AOP) are not applied in the same way in Alsace as in the rest of France. In Alsace, wines are produced under a simple "Alsace" appellation, after which the next most important element to be indicated, and the most visible word on the label, is the grape variety or "cépage", Sylvaner, Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Edelzwicker, Pinot or a few others. Smaller areas do not have their own appellations, though with many Alsace wines, the name of the village or vineyard from which it comes will also be indicated. See also Vendanges tardives. Lorraine, also in north east France, produces mostly Vin de pays white wines, in the Meuse and the Moselle. Price list outside a top-class wine merchant in the Bordeaux region.  Note the price of a bottle of Petrus 1982.... at 6720 €. Not for ordinary mortals. Bordeaux  Wine, and wine growing region. With Burgundy and Champagne, the Bordeaux region of Aquitaine is one of the three most famous French wine-producing regions. Historically, its fame is at least in part due to the fact that of these three big grape-growing areas, the Bordeaux vineyard is the only one with immediate access to the sea, an advantage that has enabled it to be France's major wine exporting region for many centuries. In 1152, when queen Eleanor of Aquitaine married the English king Henry II, the Aquitaine region became economically integrated into the Anglo-Norman world, the Bordeaux region becoming the main supplier of wine for England. This historic wine exporting tradition helped Bordeaux to develop far stronger commercial links in the ensuing centuries, firmly establishing Bordeaux wines, often referred to generically in English as "clarets", on the international market. The Bordeaux vineyard is centered round the port city of Bordeaux , along the estuary of the Gironde, and the rivers Garonne and Dordogne. It is a large vineyard, and the geo-specific appellation "Bordeaux" covers an area stretching some 100 km both north-south and east-west.  While the appellation contrôlée covers wines of medium quality from all over this region, many if not most of the top quality clarets grown in the overall area benefit from more specific and distinctive area appellations, such as Médoc , Graves or Saint Emilion, and even more local appellations such as Pauillac, Graves and Saint-Estèphe. Unlike other French wine-growing areas, the Bordeaux area operates classifications of many of its top wines, notably those from the Médoc and Saint Emilion vineyards. The best estates in these areas have the right to sell wines designated as grand cru. Below the grand crus come other high quality wines designated as cru bourgeois. Tip: 2009 is said to be an exceptionally good vintage year. Médoc Among the Bordeaux vineyards, Médoc deserves a special mention. The Médoc, an area south of the Gironde estuary to the north west of Bordeaux, is the home of many of the most prestigious French wines.  Among the famous appellations produced in this area are Saint Estèphe, Margaux, Saint Julien and Pauillac. It was in 1855 that the wine producers of the Medoc region classified their 61 best wines according to a league table of "grands crus", ranking from "Premier Cru" to "Cinquième Cru". These grands crus are generally reputed to be the greatest of all French wines, and naturally their prices generally reflect this status. Obviously, if you buy an estate bottled wine from a chateau with grand cru status, (and of course they are all estate bottled), you can be pretty sure of getting a top quality wine. But take care! E


Which bird appears as a supporter on the Australian coat of arms?

The Australian Emu - Tourism Australia The Australian Emu Australia.com does not support the internet browser you are using. Please upgrade to a more recent browser so that you can explore the destinations and experiences that await you as you plan your Australian holiday. The official Australian tourism website. This site uses cookies. Find out more . Share The Australian Emu The emu is a large, brown, soft-feathered, flightless bird. Emus grow up to two metres tall and have three toes and long legs that allow them to run very fast, up to 50km per hour. The female emu is larger than the male and lays up to 20 large, dark green eggs. The emu appears on the Australian 50 cent coin and alongside the red kangaroo on the Australian Coat of Arms. It is also a recurring figure in Aboriginal mythology. The emu avoids populated areas and feeds on grass, leaves and small insects. You'll see emus in grasslands, sclerophyll forests and savannah woodlands all over Australia. You can see them in Tower Hill on the Great Ocean Road , outback Victoria and New South Wales as well as Southern Queensland. Australia’s Animal Pictures The Australian Dingo The dingo is Australia's wild dog, though is not native to the continent. Dingoes are medium-sized, with broad heads, pointed muzzles, erect ears, bushy tails and red to yellow coats. They have longer muzzles, longer canine teeth and flatter skulls than similarly sized domestic dogs. Dingoes are carnivores, commonly feeding on kangaroos, wallabies, cattle, wombats and possums. Dingoes are highly social creatures and form stable packs with clearly defined territories where possible. They communicate mostly through howling and whimpering and bark less than domestic dogs. Dingoes are found all across Australia, except for Tasmania. Catch a glimpse on Queensland's Fraser Island, in Western Australia's Kimberley and across the deserts of the Northern Territory and South Australia. The Australian Emu The emu is a large, brown, soft-feathered, flightless bird. Emus grow up to two metres tall and have three toes and long legs that allow them to run very fast, up to 50km per hour. The female emu is larger than the male and lays up to 20 large, dark green eggs. The emu appears on the Australian 50 cent coin and alongside the red kangaroo on the Australian Coat of Arms. It is also a recurring figure in Aboriginal mythology. The emu avoids populated areas and feeds on grass, leaves and small insects. You'll see emus in grasslands, sclerophyll forests and savannah woodlands all over Australia. You can see them in Tower Hill on the Great Ocean Road, outback Victoria and New South Wales as well as Southern Queensland. The Australian Kangaroo The kangaroo is unique to Australia and appears on our coat of arms. It is a mammal and a macropod, a family of marsupials that includes wallabies and pademelons. Kangaroos are the only large animals to travel by hopping and breeding adult males often fight by boxing with their front paws and kicking their back legs. There are 55 kangaroo species spread across Australia. In Victoria, see them in Anglesea on the Great Ocean Road and in the Grampians. Spot them in South Australia's Kangaroo Island and Flinders Ranges. Get up close in Namadgi and Kosciuszko National Parks in the Australian Alps, in Pebbly Beach in New South Wales and Tasmania's Maria Island. The Australian Koala The koala is a unique Australian marsupial. It is sometimes referred to as a koala bear because of its similarity in appearance to a teddy bear. It also looks like the wombat, its closest living relative, but has a thicker coat, larger ears and longer limbs. Koalas are only active for around two hours a day and get all their fluids from eating eucalyptus leaves. You can spot koalas all along Australia's temperate eastern coast. Some of their top hangouts include Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, near Canberra, around Port Stephens in New South Wales and the Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary in Queensland. Observe them in the wild on Victoria's Phillip Island and Yanchep National Park in Western Australia. The


What name is given to the untanned skins of sharks and rays?

Shagreen--Conservation DistList Date : Tuesday, April 17, 2001 Mark Vine <100436.3447 [at] compuserve__com> writes >This enquiry is placed on behalf of a conservator without access to >the list. He has been given two 20 x 30 inch panels which the >custodian tells him are covered with shagreen (my understanding is >that this is the skin from the underside of a shark). The first time I saw shagreen it covered the surface of a tea caddy case. It was labeled "imitation leather" and had me stumped. Once it is known, however, shagreen has a very recognizable surface pattern that is unmistakable under magnification. Shagreen is the term for a coarse-surfaced hide; the original use for the name stems from the seed-impregnated donkey, horse or camel hide found on Persian riding boots and weapons from the 1600's. Generally, though, shagreen is assumed to be the untanned skin of sharks or rays. Shagreen has a long history of use. Early protective wear and sand-paper applications aside, shagreen inlays for luxury items were made by Jacques Galuchat for Louis XIV in the 1750's; Herman Melville mentioned it 1851, in Moby Dick ("...Hosea Hussey had his account books bound in superior old shark-skin"); and the 1920's saw inspired designs by avant-garde furniture makers. The shagreen look has been imitated with paper; more recently, new low-friction swim suits which recreate the surface of sharkskin were used at the Sydney Olympics. The best illustrations of artifacts with shagreen components I know are in the catalogue of a retrospective exhibit held in Paris in 1994. The book (Caunes, Lison de et Perfettini, Jean. Galuchat. Les editions de l'amateur, Paris, France, 1994) is out of print but can still be found through French book dealers. Here are some identification notes: Sharkskin has a rough outer surface due to deeply embedded dermal denticles called "placoid scales". The placoid scales of sharks and their close relatives, rays and skates, are composed of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, dentine and enamel like teeth, while the scales of all other fishes are composed of calcium salts and collagen fibres, like bone. Placoid scales are unique to sharks, rays and skates. They can range in size from microscopic and closely spaced (over half of shark species are less than one meter long) to prominent spikes. Depending on the species, age and location on the body, placoid scales have different shaped crowns with variable numbers of ridges, cusps, blades or keels and furrows. On the body of the shark, the common arrangement of denticles has the pointed cusp facing the tail. This head-tail direction feels smooth to the touch, while in the opposite direction it is sharp. On shagreen, the same directional difference between smooth and rough can be expected to some degree. Shagreen is prepared by scraping, stretching and drying. It is not a true leather but a rawhide. It is processed into a useable material by grinding, filing and polishing the surface denticles in order to flatten their sharp points. The skin may also have been dyed, or have pearly white denticles interspaced with black varnish. (A chemical process to decalcify and soften placoid scales for producing commercially tanned leather did not exist prior to the 1920's). Black filler in-between closely spaced denticles is common, as are natural, light-coloured skins with ground-down spikes, e.g., from the stingray. Copper salts and other dyes were used for contrasting denticles and skin tones in shades of green, red, brown and yellow. The dermis of sharkskin is composed of a tight network of unusually long connective fibres that may be seen along exposed edges due to, for example, a distorted substrate or shrinkage. If necessary, a fibre can be tested with a protein stain. Using the microscope is advisable for this test since the shagreen (or its imitations) may have been originally adhered to a substrate with hot hide glue. It is also for this reason that I prefer an acrylic emulsion such as Rhoplex N-560 for conservation treatment. Finally, shagreen is susceptible to


Timeline: 1300-1400 King Wenceslas II ascends the              throne in Poland. Birth of Guillaume de Machaut,            French musician and poet. c. 1300 Cursor Mundi written and Marco Polo's Travels. 1300-1400 English displacing French as language of the upper classes and in schools and law courts. Mystery plays increasingly performed by guilds rather than churches--more actors, more spectacles, outdoor stages, comic elements. 1301 Edward             I of England invests his baby son Edward as Prince of             Wales 1302 Battle             of Courtrai: Flemish burghers defeat the flower of French             chivalry and save Flanders from French occupation. 1303 Guillaume              de Nogaret, emissary of Philip IV of France, kidnaps              Pope Boniface VIII and beats him. The pope is rescued              by Italians from Anagni, but dies shortly thereafter              in Rome, probably as a result of his injuries. His death ends the struggle between Philip IV of France              and the pope over papal powers in France. 1304 Francis             Petrarch (Franceswco Petrarca), Italian poet born. 1305 Pope              Clement V (Bertrand de Got, Archbishop of Bordeaux)              claims the Papal See. The "Babylonian Captivity" begins as the Papal See removed from Rome to Avignon,              defying medieval custom. The English capture and execute              Scottish rebel William Wallace. 1306 Philip              IV expels the Jews from France. New Scottish rebellion against              English rule led by Robert the Bruce. Robert is crowned              King of Scotalnd at Scone, rules until 1329. This ends              the ten-year interregnum in Scotland. 1307 King              Edward dies while on campaign against Robert the Bruce. Edward II, King of England, rules              until 1327. Dante's Divine Comedy written about 1307-1321 1308 Albert             I, Holy Roman Emperor, dies. His replacement: Henry VII,             Holy Roman Emperor to 1313. 1310 English             barons appoint appoint 21 peers--the Lords Ordainers--to             manage Edward II's household and control the country until             the king reaches his maturity. 1312 The King of France abolishes the Order of Knights Templar, accusing             them of witchcraft. Birth of Geoffrey Chaucer's father, John Chaucer. 1313 Battle              of Bannockburn: Robert the Bruce defeats Edward II and              makes Scotland independent. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor              at civil war withhis rival, Frederick of Austria. Louis X, (Louis the Quarrelsome)              King of France to 1316. 1315 Swiss             forces beat Leopold of Austria at battle of Morgarten. 1316 John              XXII becomes Pope. He holds the papal see until 1334. The papacy orders eight Dominican              friars to travel to Ethiopia in search of Prester John,              a legendary Christian emperor. 1317 France             adopts the Salic Law, excluding women from succession             to the throne. 1318 The Swiss             make peace with the Habsburgs. 1320 Tughluk             Dynasty in Delhi rules until 1413. Founded in 1320 by             the Turk Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluk. 1321 Death of Dante Alighieri shortly after             his completion of the Divina Commedia. 1322 Charles             IV, the Fair, King of France. (Rules until 1328). 1325 Traditional             date of the Aztecs arrival in Tenochtitlán (Mexico


Which scientist was the first, in 1888, to demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves?

Maxwell and Hertz Scientists and Electromagnetic Waves: Maxwell and       Hertz About 150 years ago, James Clerk Maxwell, an English scientist, developed a scientific theory to explain electromagnetic waves. He noticed that electrical fields and magnetic fields can couple together to form electromagnetic waves. Neither an electrical field (like the static which forms when you rub your feet on a carpet), nor a magnetic field (like the one that holds a magnet onto your refrigerator) will go anywhere by themselves. But, Maxwell discovered that a CHANGING magnetic field will induce a CHANGING electric field and vice-versa. James Clerk Maxwell An electromagnetic wave exists when the changing magnetic field causes a changing electric field, which then causes another changing magnetic field, and so on forever. Unlike a STATIC field, a wave cannot exist unless it is moving. Once created, an electromagnetic wave will continue on forever unless it is absorbed by matter. Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist, applied Maxwell's theories to the production and reception of radio waves. The unit of frequency of a radio wave -- one cycle per second -- is named the hertz, in honor of Heinrich          Hertz. Hertz proved the existence of radio waves in the late 1880s. He used two rods to serve as a receiver and a spark gap as the receiving antennae. Where the waves were picked up, a spark would jump. Hertz showed in his experiments that these signals possessed all of the properties of electromagnetic waves. Heinrich Hertz With this oscillator, Hertz solved two problems. First, timing Maxwell's waves. He had demonstrated, in the concrete, what          Maxwell had only theorized - that the velocity of radio waves was equal to the velocity of light! (This proved that radio waves were a form of light!) Second, Hertz found out how to make the          electric and magnetic fields detach themselves from wires and go free as Maxwell's waves.


Which bird appears of the state flag of Louisiana?

Seal of Louisiana | State Symbols USA Seal of Louisiana Seal of Louisiana ( public domain image on Wikipedia ). Seal of Louisiana The state seal of Louisiana features the brown pelican tearing at its breast to nurture its young, and the state motto: Union, Justice, Confidence. Previous versions of the state seal had as many as 12 chicks in the nest (pelicans rarely have more than 3 chicks, and though pelicans are exceptionally attentive, nurturing parents, they do not tear at their own flesh to feed offspring in hard times. The brown pelican is a prominent symbol of Louisiana - it is the official state bird, appears on Louisiana's state flag, the official state painting, and is one of three symbols displayed on the U.S. Mint's Louisiana bicentennial quarter. Louisiana has been called "The Pelican State" since colonial times. Louisiana


What name is given to the decorative articles made from marine animal's bones, teeth or tusks?

Scrimshaw Art Scrimshaw Art Scrimshaw Scrimshaw is the name given to   handiwork created by whalers made from the byproducts of harvesting   marine mammals. It is most commonly made out of the bones and teeth of   sperm whales, the baleen of other whales, and the tusks of walruses. It   takes the form of elaborate engravings in the form of pictures and   lettering on the surface of the bone or tooth, with the engraving   highlighted using a pigment, or, less often, small sculptures made from   the same material. However the latter really fall into the categories of   ivory carving, for all carved teeth and tusks, or bone carving. The   making of scrimshaw began on whaling ships between 1745 to 1759 on the   Pacific Ocean, and survived until the ban on commercial whaling. The   practice survives as a hobby and as a trade for commercial artisans. A   maker of scrimshaw is known as a scrimshander. Scrimshaw is also a   surname. The etymology is uncertain, but there have been several   proposals. Scrimshaw is derived from the practice of   sailors on whaling ships creating common tools, where the byproducts of   whales were readily available. The term originally referred to the   making of these tools, only later referring to works of art created by   whalers in their spare time. Whale bone was ideally suited for the task,   as it is easy to work and was plentiful.   The development of scrimshaw took off after the market for whale teeth,   which were sought by Chinese traders for use in the Pacific Islands (for   example the Fijian market for tabua), was flooded with teeth after a narrative by an American sailor, Captain David Porter, revealed both the   market and the source of the teeth. Around this time is the earliest   authenticated pictorial piece of scrimshaw (1817). The tooth was   inscribed with the following: Scrimshawed Killer Whale's Tooth   depicting a Killer Whale about to feed on Seals. This is the tooth of a sperm whale   that was caught near the Galapagos islands by the crew of the ship Adam   [of London], and made 100 barrels of oil in the year 1817. Other sea animal   ivories were also used as alternatives for rarer whale teeth. Walrus   tusks, for example, may have been acquired in trade from indigenous   walrus hunters. Scrimshaw essentially   was a leisure activity for whalers. Because the work of whaling was very   dangerous at the best of times, whalers were unable to work at night.   This gave them a great deal more free time than other sailors. A lot of   scrimshaw was never signed and a great many of the pieces are anonymous.   Early scrimshaw was done with crude sailing needles, and the movement of   the ship, as well as the skill of the artist, produced drawings of   varying levels of detail and artistry. Originally, candle black, soot or   tobacco juice would have been used to bring the etched design into view.   Today's artists use finer tools in various sizes, mostly borrowed from   the dental industry. Some scrimshanders ink their work with more than   one color, and restrained polychromed examples of this art are now   popular. Originating in an era   when sperm whales were initially plentiful only to be hunted to near   collapse, scrimshaw no longer is an artform utilizing an easily   renewable animal resource, but one that is susceptible to contraband.   Now, the Endangered Species Act and international conventions restrict   the harvest and sale of ivory to try to reverse the scarcity of   ivory-bearing animals.   Though there are sources of ivory that are sanctioned and legal,   poachers in Africa and other continents where elephants are an   endangered species still kill for their ivory, Elephant ivory has been   regulated since 1976 by the Convention on International Trade in   Endangered Species and selling African ivory has been prohibited since   1989. 19th and 20th century   scrimshaw, scrimshaw crafted before 1989 (elephant) or before 1973   (sperm whale ivory, walrus


"""Frankly my dear, I couldn't give a damn"" is a famous catchphrase spoken by which film character?"

Gone with the Wind (1939) - Quotes - IMDb Gone with the Wind (1939) Scarlett : Rhett, Rhett... Rhett, if you go, where shall I go? What shall I do? Rhett Butler : Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn. Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Scarlett : As God is my witness, as God is my witness they're not going to lick me. I'm going to live through this and when it's all over, I'll never be hungry again. No, nor any of my folk. If I have to lie, steal, cheat or kill. As God is my witness, I'll never be hungry again. Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Scarlett : What are you doing? Rhett Butler : I'm leaving you, my dear. All you need now is a divorce and your dreams of Ashley can come true. Scarlett : Oh, no! No, you're wrong, terribly wrong! I don't want a divorce. Oh Rhett, but I knew tonight, when I... when I knew I loved you, I ran home to tell you, oh darling, darling! Rhett Butler : Please don't go on with this, Leave us some dignity to remember out of our marriage. Spare us this last. Scarlett : This last? Oh Rhett, do listen to me, I must have loved you for years, only I was such a stupid fool, I didn't know it. Please believe me, you must care! Melly said you did. Rhett Butler : I believe you. What about Ashley Wilkes? Scarlett : I... I never really loved Ashley. Rhett Butler : You certainly gave a good imitation of it, up till this morning. No Scarlett, I tried everything. If you'd only met me half way, even when I came back from London. Scarlett : I was so glad to see you. I was, Rhett, but you were so nasty. Rhett Butler : And then when you were sick, it was all my fault... I hoped against hope that you'd call for me, but you didn't. Scarlett : I wanted you. I wanted you desperately but I didn't think you wanted me. Rhett Butler : It seems we've been at cross purposes, doesn't it? But it's no use now. As long as there was Bonnie, there was a chance that we might be happy. I liked to think that Bonnie was you, a little girl again, before the war, and poverty had done things to you. She was so like you, and I could pet her, and spoil her, as I wanted to spoil you. But when she went, she took everything. Scarlett : Oh, Rhett, Rhett please don't say that. I'm so sorry, I'm so sorry for everything. Rhett Butler : My darling, you're such a child. You think that by saying, "I'm sorry," all the past can be corrected. Here, take my handkerchief. Never, at any crisis of your life, have I known you to have a handkerchief. Scarlett : Rhett! Rhett, where are you going? Rhett Butler : I'm going back to Charleston, back where I belong. Scarlett : Please, please take me with you! Rhett Butler : No, I'm through with everything here. I want peace. I want to see if somewhere there isn't something left in life of charm and grace. Do you know what I'm talking about? Scarlett : No! I only know that I love you. Rhett Butler : That's your misfortune. [Rhett turns to walk down the stairs] Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Scarlett : [pleads with Rhett as he is about to leave to join the Confederate Army] Oh, Rhett! Please, don't go! You can't leave me! Please! I'll never forgive you! Rhett Butler : I'm not asking you to forgive me. I'll never understand or forgive myself. And if a bullet gets me, so help me, I'll laugh at myself for being an idiot. There's one thing I do know... and that is that I love you, Scarlett. In spite of you and me and the whole silly world going to pieces around us, I love you. Because we're alike. Bad lots, both of us. Selfish and shrewd. But able to look things in the eyes as we call them by their right names. Scarlett : [struggles] Don't hold me like that! Rhett Butler : [holds her tighter] Scarlett! Look at me! I've loved you more than I've ever loved any woman and I've waited for you longer than I've ever waited for any woman. [kisses her forehead] Scarlett : [turns her face away] Let me alone! Rhett Butler : [forces her to look him in the eyes] Here's a soldier of the South who loves you, Scarlett. Wants to feel your arms around hi


Which is the main river that flows through Toulouse?

Toulouse, France travel information to prepare your Adventure Hotels in Other Cities   The          Garonne (antic Garumna; Oc Garona /garun) is a river in          southwest France, with a length of 575 km (357 miles). The          name "Garonne", Garumna in the Antiquity, is a native name          still meaning 'river' in Gascon. It derives from the Aquitanian (language related to old          Basque) word *kharr-, meaning "rock", akin to modern Basque          harri, "stone", and from a Pre-Indo-European suffix -unn-, -onna which means "source, river", and which can be found in the name of many          rivers of western Europe (such as the Seine, the SaÃ´ne, etc.). The Garonne River in the SW of France Geography The river rises in the Val d'Aran (Spanish Pyrenees), flowing          via Toulouse towards Bordeaux, where it flows into the Gironde          estuary. The Gironde Estuary flows into the Atlantic Ocean          (Bay of Biscay). The Garonne River Basin in France In its flow, the Garonne is joined by three other major          rivers: the AriÃ¨ge, the Tarn, the Lot. Just after Bordeaux,          the Garonne river finally meets the Dordogne, after which the          two rivers become the Gironde estuary which after          approximately 60 miles joins the Atlantic Ocean. Other          tributaries include the Save and the Gers. The Garonne is one of the few rivers in the world that exhibit          a tidal bore. Surf boarders, Jet Skiers, etc. can ride the          tidal bore as least as far as the village of Cambes (70 miles          from the Atlantic) and even further upstream. Origin Jalle de Blanquefort Navigation The Garonne plays an important role in inland shipping. The          river not only allows seagoing vessels to reach the port of          Bordeaux but also forms part of the "Canal des Deux Mers", the          canal that links the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean          (Bay of Biscay), allowing a shorter and safer way for goods to          pass from the agricultural areas of the South of France to the          Atlantic. From the Ocean, ships pass through the Gironde estuary until          the mouth of the Gironde, the left of the two rivers for those          who sail upstream. The Garonne remains navigable for larger          vessels up to the "Pont de Pierre" (Stone Bridge) in Bordeaux. River vessels can sail upstream to Castets-en-Dorthe, where          the Garonne Lateral Canal (Canal LatÃ©ral Ã  la Garonne) joins          the river. The lateral canal takes the ships through 53 locks          to the town of Toulouse, where the canal meets the Canal du          Midi, with which its form the "Canal des Deux Mers". The Garonne Lateral Canal was subject to one of the largest          infrastructure works in Europe, when it was adapted to the          standardized barge size of 38 by 5 meters, during the last          century. French minister Freycinet ordered that all canals with          importance for long distance transport be suitable for vessels          of those standard dimensions. The extension of ALL the former          30 meter locks to the new standard length was carried out          throughout the lateral canal. The other half of the Canal des Deux Mers, the Canal du Midi,          partly escaped this operation, because by the time the works          had reached the area where the most locks were situated,          commercial traffic on the canal had almost disappeared. The          works were stopped, leading to the cultural heritage status of          the United Nations that has made the Canal du Midi famous.


Who, in 1923, wrote 'Toward An Architecture'?

Toward an Architecture: Amazon.co.uk: Le Corbusier, Jean-Louis Cohen, John Goodman: 9780711228092: Books Toward an Architecture Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Apple To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. or Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . Product details Publisher: Frances Lincoln; 2nd Edition edition (13 Feb. 2008) Language: English Product Dimensions: 17.6 x 3.2 x 25.4 cm Average Customer Review: Product Description Review Even 84 years after its publication, this modernist manifesto remains provocative and revealing. || Toward an Architecture is the most influential book on architecture of the modern era. Perhaps only Vitruvius can match it for influence from any age. So let's make that the most influential book on architecture for about 2000 years. This new translation addresses some of the problems of the original 1927 verison. John-Louis Cohen's introduction is superb on Le Corbusier's devious maniputlation of images to fit in with his theory, and on politics...The republication of this book will help to explain how an entire culture was seduced into modernism. || A professionally dedicated book, no stone is left unturned in this resounding literary opus from the architect Le Corbusier. This reprint also features a lengthy introduction which brings the original into the 21st Century. || A fine rendition of the spirit of the original, avoiding pastiche. Together with the new introduction, explanatory notes, fine printing and paper quality, this seems a definitive version. About the Author Jean-Louis Cohen was trained as an architect and received a doctorate in history at the Ã ‰ cole des hautes études en sciences sociales. Since 1993, he has held the Sheldon. Solow Chair in the History of Architecture at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts. From 1998 to 2003, he led the project for the Cité de l'Architecture, a cultural center that opened in 2007 in Paris. Cohen's research activity focuses on twentieth-century architecture and planning in Germany and Russia, as well as on colonialism in North Africa. He has written extensively on Le Corbusier's work. John Goodman is a translator and art historian. He has rendered some thirty books from French into English, notably work by Denis Diderot, Hubert Damisch, and Georges Didi-Huberman. Goodman has published widely on the visual culture of eighteenth-century Europe and is currently preparing a synthetic study of neoclassicism for Thames and Hudson's World of Art series. What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item?


The Bird Perch Equation | Petcha find a CAT The Bird Perch Equation Want to find out the best bird perch size for your pet bird? Break out the rulers and calculators ?there's a math equation for it. Want to find out the best bird perch size for your pet bird? Break out the rulers and calculators ?there's a math equation for it. The first place to start when choosing perches is your own pet bird. Your bird’s feet will be a different size from any other bird? ?even within the same parrot species. We all have unique feet; they?e not automatically the same size as our family member? or neighbor?. For birds, the same follows ?one size does not fit all.   Larry Nemetz, DVM, an avian-only vet in Southern California, once assumed that all birds within the same species would naturally have the same-sized feet ?until he noticed another pattern emerging. ? started seeing a lot of soreness and  arthritis in my patients, and wondered what was going on.?lt;/p> Two months of data collection later, he compared results on a spreadsheet and saw the truth ?every patient he saw, even ones of the same bird species, had different-sized feet. That meant they all had specific perching needs. Were they on the wrong-sized perch?  That got him thinking further. ?ow could we come up with a guideline for perch sizes if species alone couldn? tell us anything??Nemetz, it turns out, was in agreement with other avian experts: A bird? foot should wrap 75 percent around a perch for optimal comfort. ?e?e looking for the best, long-term perching figure for pet birds. This may differ from how wild parrots roost, but for our purposes a 65- to 75-percent wraparound figure is ideal.?This factors in elements such as secure gripping and foot stress. Add It Up ?The Perch Equation To arrive at this 75 percent, or three-quarter, wraparound figure, use the following formula: FL (foot length) = 75% x p d (perch circumference measurement; ??equals diameter). So, if a cockatiel foot is 38 millimeters long, then a perch diameter should be roughly 16 millimeters to allow for a three-quarter wraparound (37.68 = 75% x 3.14 x 16). Nemetz said that small birds may be difficult to measure, so an eyeball estimate of what 75- to 65-percent around looks like would work, ?f you don? want to go into the math.?lt;/p> Greg Rich, DVM, an avian vet in Louisiana, said the 75-percent wraparound is a good rule of thumb. ?izing perches by [species] size only makes it difficult to categorize the 100 or so more common pet bird species.?The goal in specific sizing is to reduce the strain on the proximal tarsometatarsus, the bones (a series of joints, like a finger) that are most utilized in perching birds. The proximal tarsometatarsus should not be sitting flat on a perch all the time. Dr. Rich broke it down: ?f the perch is too big, there is potential for pressure sores at the junction of the first inside toe (digit #1) and the first forward toe (digit #2) and for the birds to fall off their perch while sleeping because the toes are not grasping properly.?lt;/p> Different Perch Diameters For Different Perch Uses Use the 75-percent formula to determine what size perch would be best for your bird. Place this perch in the highest spot in the cage, where your bird will sleep. This high spot is where birds ?which are on their feet at all time ?will stay solidly in one place for the longest period of the day. ?e recommend a perfect fit perch for roosting,?said Kathleen Grey of Parrotdise Perch manufacturing in Alberta, Canada, who relies on the 75-percent number to correctly size a perch as well. For grooming perches, select one with a slightly larger diameter than the sleeping perch. Stepping up and down on this larger surface will incorporate the nails and file them. ?iameter should be slightly larger so the foot reaches halfway around,?said Colorado avian vet Dr. Lisa Paul. ?he climbing and moving action is what will manicure the foot.?lt;/p> ?y birds like to hang upside down, so the diameter has to be on the small side,?said Dianalee Deter, owner of Good Feather bird store in Colorado. She enc


Which Tory minister resigned in 1992 following the revelation of his affair with Antonia de Sancha?

September 24, 1992: David Mellor goes ‘from toe job to no job’ after papers expose affair - BT   September 24, 1992: David Mellor goes ‘from toe job to no job’ after papers expose affair The revelation of an affair with actress Antonia de Sancha led to David Mellor resigning from John Major’s government - the latest in a long list of scandals to damage the Conservative Party's image. Share this Print this story In 1991, speaking about the Calcutt Review into press standards, David Mellor said that “the popular press is drinking in the Last Chance Saloon”. The Heritage Minister’s words could easily have been applied to himself, however – after press revelations about his extra-marital affair led to his downfall within a year of making those remarks. ‘Minister of Fun’ Mellor – who was 43 at the time and had been married for 18 years – had been conducting an affair with a 31-year-old actress, Antonia de Sancha. Their relationship was exposed by The People newspaper on July 19, under the headline 'Fun Minister is 'exhausted' by relationship' – and de Sancha decided to respond by giving her side of the story. She hired the services of publicist Max Clifford, and The Sun paid her £35,000 for her kiss-and-tell story. De Sancha (pictured below) later admitted that many of the details printed in the tabloid weren’t true – including the now infamous stories that Mellor made love in a Chelsea strip and enjoyed spanking and toe-sucking. "I went along with everything at the time. It was almost like I was having an out-of-body experience," she explained to a newspaper in 2002. Mellor himself would tell the Leveson Inquiry in 2011: "My story included, on the part of The People, a recourse to phone tapping that was wholly disproportionate to any public interest in the story. “The Sun went one better, with a lot of cynically invented trash about Chelsea shirts, that exposed the moral bankruptcy of the whole kiss-and-tell industry. "The story was cooked up for cash by Max Clifford and Sun executives, and given front-page publicity, even though they all knew it to be totally false." Prime Minister John Major stood by Mellor throughout the incident. But after further scandals hit the minister – including the revelation that he had accepted a holiday gift from a woman connected with the PLO – the pressure mounted, and he resigned on September 24. "This is the first time in ages that David Mellor has done the decent thing,” joked the editor of The People, Bill Hagerty. The 'Back to Basics' scandals – Did you know? Following embarrassing scandals like Mellor’s, questionable statements by ministers on single mothers and in-fighting within the Tory party, Prime Minister John Major used the 1993 Conservative Party Conference to rebrand the party as the home of traditional values and moral integrity. Sadly his ‘Back to Basics’ campaign is best remembered for the spectacular way in which it backfired, as a succession of ministers and MPs were forced to resign following a string of sexual and political scandals. In June 1993, Northern Ireland Minister Michael Mates resigned after it was revealed that he had lobbied on behalf of businessman Asil Nadir. Later in 1993, it was claimed that married Transport Minister Steven Norris had had five mistresses over a 25-year period. In 1994, MP Michael Brown resigned following allegations of a homosexual affair with a 20-year-old student - at the time the homosexual age of consent was 21. Neil Hamilton, Graham Riddick, David Tredinnick and Tim Smith all resigned in 1994 over the ‘cash for questions’ scandal. Later in 1994, MP David Ashby was discovered to have shared a bed with a man on a trip paid by expenses. Ashby was married at the time. In February 1994, MP Stephen Milligan died of auto-erotic asphyxiation. In 1995, Jonathan Aitken (above) resigned as Chief Secretary to the Treasury to concentrate on a libel action against The Guardian and World in Action. Four years later he would be found guilty of perjury and perverting the cause of justice and jailed for 18 months. In 1996, Dame Shirley Porter, a form


The Kray twins were convicted of the murder of George Cornell in which East End pub?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 4 | 1969: Kray twins guilty of McVitie murder About This Site | Text Only 1969: Kray twins guilty of McVitie murder The Kray twins, Ronald and Reginald, are facing life sentences after being found guilty of murder at the Central Criminal Court. The jury deliberated for six hours and 55 minutes before returning the unanimous guilty verdict for the murder of Jack McVitie. Christopher and Anthony Lambrianou and Ronald Bender were also found guilty of murder. Ronald Kray and John Barrie were also convicted of murdering George Cornell. Anthony Barry was found not guilty of murder and discharged. Albert Donaghue who pleaded guilty to being an accessory to murder earlier in the trial will be sentenced tomorrow. The Kray's elder brother, Charles, Frederick Foreman and Cornelius Whitehead were all found guilty of being accessories to the murder of Mr McVitie. The judge, Mr Justice Melford Stevenson, will pass sentence tomorrow. The accused were brought up into the dock one, by one, to hear the jury's verdict. The Old Bailey trial has lasted 39 days so far, the longest and most expensive-ever held at the London court. In the dock were 10 men, the judge tried to make them wear numbers to make life easier for the jury, but the twins just ripped them off. The court was told how Ronald Kray shot dead George Cornell in front of customers at the Blind Beggar pub in the East End in 1966 for calling him a "fat poof". It also heard how Jack "The Hat" McVitie was repeatedly stabbed by Reginald Kray in a north London flat while his brother held him down. Their elder brother, Charles, was convicted to helping to dispose of the body. After the verdicts, the judge turned to the jury and thanked them for the "devoted and selfless attention" they had given to the evidence. He added: "You set a standard with which I shall judge all juries in the future."


Prior to Steve McClaren who was the last Englishman appointed as permanent England Manager?

Steve McClaren must start again after Nottingham Forest failure | Stuart James | Football | The Guardian Football League blog Steve McClaren must start again after Nottingham Forest failure The former England manager rebuilt his career at Twente and hoped to get Premier League offers before taking the Nottingham Forest job – now he is likely to go abroad again A downcast Steve McClaren looks away from the action during Nottingham Forest's 3-1 home defeat to Birmingham. Photograph: Alex Morton/Action Images Monday 3 October 2011 09.55 EDT First published on Monday 3 October 2011 09.55 EDT Share on Messenger Close What now for Steve McClaren? A manager who rebuilt his reputation in Holland with FC Twente, where he became the first Englishman since Sir Bobby Robson, with Porto in 1996, to win a major European title, is once more picking up the pieces after stepping down at Nottingham Forest only 111 days after taking over. His return to club football in England, after a five-year hiatus, could not have gone any worse. It would be unfair to lay the blame for Forest's dismal start to the season solely at McClaren's door – the City Ground board and the underperforming players also have their fingerprints on the club's position just above the relegation zone. Yet the sobering reality for McClaren as he digests the fallout from his resignation is that this was a job that he knew he could not afford to get wrong if he wanted to re-establish himself in English football and regain the trust of supporters and chairmen alike. When a few reporters met McClaren at Forest's training ground two days before the start of the season, the former England manager made no attempt to conceal his frustration that his availability in the summer had been overlooked by Premier League clubs. "I'll be honest, I was disappointed," he told us. "I felt what I had done abroad, my experiences, and what I'd done previous to England – I had always worked in the Premier League." Yet if McClaren was upset at being snubbed, he was not ignorant to the reasons why. The notorious November evening in 2007, when he was cruelly dubbed "the Wally with the brolly" after England missed out on qualification for Euro 2008, feels like a permanent stain on his CV. "Of course [people have thought there was a bit of baggage]," McClaren said, reflecting on the defeat to Croatia that precipitated his dismissal and has had an impact on his opportunities since. "That's people's opinions and I can't change that." It is surely not quite that cut and dry even if McClaren could be forgiven for feeling that he will be forever paying the price for England's failure under his watch. The challenge for McClaren wherever he goes is to win over the sceptics and convince them that, if you look beyond the wreckage of his time in charge of England, there is a decent coach who worked alongside Sir Alex Ferguson at Manchester United, brought a first major trophy and a highest-placed Premier League finish to Middlesbrough and led Twente to the Eredivisie for the first time in their modern history. It appears that things didn't work out at Forest for a number of reasons. McClaren said in his resignation statement: "They don't share the ambition that I came for." In other words, Nigel Doughty, the Forest chairman, had failed to deliver on the promises that he is alleged to have made when McClaren agreed to replace Billy Davies in June. Things started to unravel little more than a month into the job, when McClaren voiced his frustration with the convoluted "process" of recruiting players through a transfer acquisitions panel. The other side of the coin, however, is that few of the signings McClaren did make proved to be a success and there was also a growing acceptance that those players already at the club were not buying into his methods. In hindsight, McClaren would probably acknowledge that he tried to alter too much too soon. He felt that he needed to change the culture of the club if they were serious about returning to the Premier League but the introduction of extended training sessions went


Which word is used to describe egg laying mammals?

Mammal | Define Mammal at Dictionary.com mammal noun 1. any vertebrate of the class Mammalia, having the body more or less covered with hair, nourishing the young with milk from the mammary glands, and, with the exception of the egg-laying monotremes, giving birth to live young. Origin of mammal Late Latin 1820-1830 1820-30; as singular of New Latin Mammalia neuter plural of Late Latin mammālis of the breast. See mamma 2, -al 1 Related forms Examples from the Web for mammal Expand Contemporary Examples But along with whales, their mammal cousins, dolphins may face more danger over the long term below the surface of the sea. The Artificial Womb Will Change Feminism Forever Samantha Allen August 11, 2014 Historical Examples It is as though one were to wish a fish to live out of water, or a mammal in an atmosphere containing no oxygen. Socialism: Positive and Negative Robert Rives La Monte Spotty isn't a mammal, as are all of you and all those we have been learning about, but is a reptile. Socialism: Positive and Negative Robert Rives La Monte British Dictionary definitions for mammal Expand noun 1. any animal of the Mammalia, a large class of warm-blooded vertebrates having mammary glands in the female, a thoracic diaphragm, and a four-chambered heart. The class includes the whales, carnivores, rodents, bats, primates, etc Derived Forms C19: via New Latin from Latin mamma breast Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for mammal Expand n. 1826, anglicized form of Modern Latin Mammalia (1773), coined 1758 by Linnaeus for the class of mammals, from neuter plural of Late Latin mammalis "of the breast," from Latin mamma "breast," perhaps cognate with mamma . Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper mammal   (mām'əl)     Any of various warm-blooded vertebrate animals of the class Mammalia, whose young feed on milk that is produced by the mother's mammary glands. Unlike other vertebrates, mammals have a diaphragm that separates the heart and lungs from the other internal organs, red blood cells that lack a nucleus, and usually hair or fur. All mammals but the monotremes bear live young. Mammals include rodents, cats, dogs, ungulates, cetaceans, and apes. The American Heritage® Science Dictionary Copyright © 2002. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.


"Who, in 1776, wrote ""The Wealth of Nations""?"

Who wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776? | Socratic Who wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776? Start with a one sentence answer Then teach the underlying concepts Don't copy without citing sources Write a one sentence answer... Answer: I want someone to double check my answer Describe your changes (optional) 200 Cancel Adam Smith Explanation: Smith was a Scottish economist. His book The Wealth of Nations is used by right wing economists to justify free market economics. Was this helpful? Let the contributor know! Yes


"In the TV series 'The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin"" for which company did he originally work?"

The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (TV Series 1976–1979) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin  30min BBC Television comedy detailing the fortunes of Reginald Iolanthe Perrin. Disillusioned after a long career at Sunshine Desserts, Perrin goes through a mid-life crisis and fakes his own ... See full summary  » Stars: Reggie asks C.J. for a start-up loan to establish his shop Grot. C.J. thinks it's hush money to keep quiet about his hitting on Elizabeth and lends it to him. Grot sells highly unusual and often ... 9.1 Elizabeth has gone to stay with her sick mother so Reggie uses the opportunity for some afternoon delight with his glamorous secretary Joan, who proves herself to be up for it. Sadly,just as they are... 8.9 Reggie is about to open his fiftieth Grot shop whilst Sunshine Desserts has gone bust and is now a thing of the past. Generously Reggie decides to employ C.J. but makes him wait an extra week for his... 8.8 a list of 46 titles created 12 Jan 2013 a list of 21 titles created 05 Dec 2013 a list of 392 titles created 11 Mar 2014 a list of 26 titles created 13 Sep 2014 a list of 45 titles created 05 Jul 2015 Title: The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976–1979) 8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Popular sitcom set in a seedy bedsit lorded over by the mean, vain, boastful, cowardly landlord Rigsby. In each episode, his conceits are debunked by his long suffering tenants. Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Don Warrington, Frances de la Tour Terry and Bob from The Likely Lads (1964) continue their life after Terry arrives home from serving in the Army to discover that Bob is about to marry his girlfriend Thelma. Can Thelma lead... See full summary  » Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Brigit Forsyth A working-class Cockney bigot with a biased and expirienced opinion of everything shares them bluntly and almost carelessly. Stars: Warren Mitchell, Anthony Booth, Una Stubbs The adventures of two "likely lads" ostensibly set in the North East of England (but filmed in Willesden Junction, London). Terry and Bob have been friends since childhood. Bob is the ... See full summary  » Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Don McKillop Alf and Elsie are getting old, Rita's left home, Elsie's confined to a wheelchair. Alf must now do battle with the Social Security system. Stars: Warren Mitchell, Carmel McSharry, Arthur English Albert Steptoe and his son Harold are junk dealers, complete with horse and cart to tour the neighbourhood. They also live amicably together at the junk yard. But Harold, who likes the ... See full summary  » Director: Cliff Owen Terry is divorced from his German wife and has a Finnish girlfriend Christina. At Thelma's suggestion they join her and Bob on a caravan holiday but due to a mishap the men get separated ... See full summary  » Director: Michael Tuchner A satire show using puppets that are charicatures of major public figures. Stars: Steve Nallon, Kate Robbins, Chris Barrie Bless This House centres on life in Birch Avenue, Putney, where travelling stationery salesman Sid Abbott (Sidney James) and his wife Jean (Diana Coupland) live with their teenagers: Mike (... See full summary  » Stars: Sidney James, Diana Coupland, Sally Geeson Classic 1960s British comedy series about a middle aged man and his elderly father who run an unsuccessful 'rag and bone' business (collecting and selling junk). Harold (the son) wants to ... See full summary  » Stars: Wilfrid Brambell, Harry H. Corbett, Frank Thornton This prison comedy is based on the popular British television series of the same name. Long time Slade prison inmate Fletcher is ordered by Grouty to arrange a football match between the ... See full summary  » Director: Dick Clement Ria, a happily married suburban housew


Who is the second most mentioned man in the Bible?

The Second Death The Second Death By David J. Stewart "But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death." ï¿½Revelation  21:8 The   Bible, God's Word, clearly proclaims that there is a "second death."  The first death is the physical death, when a man's soul and spirit are   separated from his body.  The second death is a physical and spiritual death,   suffering in the Lake of Fire for all eternity.  We see this clear   distinction in Matthew 10:28, "And fear not them which kill the body, but   are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy   both soul and body in hell."  There is much debate over the word "hell," but   a careful study of the Bible leaves no doubt as to it's true meaning.  Psalm 9:17 warns, "The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the   nations that forget God."  This Scripture PROVES that "hell" is not   just the grave.  If "hell" were only referring to the "grave," then why   would God say that the wicked shall be turned into hell?  Do not also   the righteous go to the same grave, if "hell" just means grave?  As you   can see, the Bible would make no sense if "hell" were just the grave.  God warns that the wicked shall be turned into hell, meaning fire and   torment.  The Word of God plainly states in 1st   Thessalonians 1:8, "In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know   not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ."  What's there not to understand?  "Flaming fire" sounds hot to me!  Jesus said in Matthew 25:41, "Then shall he say also unto them on the   left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire..."  "Everlasting" means forever.  Jesus said again in Mark 9:45-46, "...to   be cast into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched: Where their   worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched."  Biblically, Hell is   a PLACE of woeful suffering and eternal torment.  The Word of God makes   numerous references to Hell fire, torment, and eternal suffering.  But   you say, "I don't believe in Hell."  Revelation 21:8 lists unbelievers   as part of the group who will be cast into the Lake of Fire.  Please   consider carefully the prophecy in Revelation 20:11-15... "And I saw a great white   throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven   fled away; and there was found no place for them.  And I saw the dead,   small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another   book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of   those things which were written in the books, according to their works.  And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered   up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to   their works.  And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.  And whosoever was not found written in   the book of life was cast into the lake of fire." The Lake of Fire is the Second Death. What does the Bible mean when it says that "death and hell" were cast into   the Lake of Fire. Well, "hell" (Hebrew: "Sheol," which is the   equivalent of the Greek: "Hades") is a place within the earth where the dead   go when they die. In the Bible "hell" has different meanings. Sometimes it refers to "Gehenna" which is the Lake of Fire. In 2nd   Peter 2:4 "hell" means "Tartarus" and is a special place of punishment for   certain fallen angels (demons).  Hell (Hades) is composed of two   compartments: Torment and Paradise. The Old Testament saints went to   paradise when they died; but all saints go to Heaven today. The   unsaved today still go to the place of torment, in Hades. All those   who die today without Christ will go to the place of torment (Hades), and   one day in the future WILL be cast


The sackbut developed into which modern musical instrument?

The Sacbut The Sacbut or here for same in mp3 format However, for the lowest contratenor parts, and often for any contratenor part, to the shawm players one adds brass players who play very harmoniously, upon the kind of tuba which is called ..trompone in Italy and sacqueboute in France. When all these instruments are employed together, it is called the loud music. Tinctoris, circa 1487 ein feste burg - three settings by Walther (3rd setting at 1:43 includes sacbut) Aridan Branle - dance tune (includes sacbut on third verse) Many names have been given to the Renaissance trombone, including sackbut (literally "push-pull"), saqueboute, shakbusshes, seykebuds, sakbuds, shakebuttes, shagbutts, and even shagbolts. It is uncertain when the sackbut first appeared, but by 1500 it is illustrated and mentioned regularly. Detailed information about the instrument is given by Praetorius, who also pictures four principal sizes: the alto, tenor, bass, and great bass. The tenor sackbut is the most useful size and it is this instrument which has evolved into the modern tenor trombone. In the early seventeenth century the sackbut was considered an instrument of the virtuoso performer. Praetorius mentions an Erhardus Borussus of Dresden who had a range of nearly four octaves (low A1 to g2) and was able to execute rapid coloraturas and jumps on his instrument just as is done on the viola bastarda and the cornett. For outdoor music the top part of a sackbut ensemble was usually taken by a shawm, and for church music, by a cornett. The sackbut player should imitate the sound of the cornett, not the trumpet. Thus today's marching band trombone blasts have no place in the performance of early music. In spite of the instrument's wide range of dynamic and chromatic compass, and its ability to be played "in tune" (by slide adjustment), the sackbut did not become a regular member of the orchestra until the early nineteenth century.  The sackbut differs from today's trombone by its smaller bore, its bell which is less flared, and in the lack of a water key, slide lock, and tuning slide on the bell curve. Sackbuts could adjust tuning at the joint between the bell and slide. The shallow brass mouthpiece was unplated. Decorated outer slide braces could telescope slightly to follow the imperfections of the inner slide. Leather pieces cushioned the slide when brought up to first postion. Since the human arm couldn't reach the longest positions on the bass and great bass sackbuts, they have an articulated handle on the slide to extend the reach.


Which country was the first to give women the vote?

Which was the first country, and which was the last, to give the vote to women. Have any countries always been equal in their voting rights between men and women? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk YESTERYEAR Which was the first country, and which was the last, to give the vote to women. Have any countries always been equal in their voting rights between men and women? THE FIRST to give the vote to women was New Zealand in 1912. I do not know which was the last, but I do know that some otherwise "democratic countries", eg Liechtenstein and Kuwait, still deny them this. Anna Macey, Cyncoed, Cardiff. Under the Constitutional Act of 1791 Lower Canada (now the province of QuÃ©bec) gave women the right to vote as the Act used the word "person" instead of "men". This state of affairs didn't last long, though... Jacques Alain Contant, MontrÃ©al, Canada I think I remember reading in 'The Cause' by Ray Strachey that NZ actually enfranchised women in 1893. I think the last country in Europe to do so was Switzerland, in 1972. As for equality, one might say that new states (eg Ukraine, never previously independent) have a consistent record of voting equality. Stephen Kingston, Nuneaton A couple of years ago, my wife and I spent a week in Raratonga, the main island of the Cook Islands. Whilst there I read in a local history entitled "The Last of the Pooh-bahs", that the first place in the world to enfranchise women was the Cook Islands sometime late in the nineteenth century. A combination of pressures from missionary and one guesses colonial sources caused the withdrawal of the vote for women when the Cook Islands became a "protectorate" of New Zealand prior to the First World War. Kevin Wooldridge, Trondheim, Norway I don't think any country has "given" the vote to women. Women have had to get it. John MacDonald, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK In 1893 New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote. One of the main reasons they didn't get it sooner was the fear that New Zealand would go 'dry' (this did not happen). They were not however, allowed to stand for Parliament until 1919. We have come a long way: at the moment the Prime Minister, Leader of the Opposition and the Governer General are women. Jennifer Peat, Dunedin New Zealand In Ireland women were given the right to vote in local elections in 1896. When independence was won universal suffrage was declared for everyone over 21 regardless of sex. Ireland also had the first female member of parliament (1918) and first female cabinet minister (1919) in the form of Constance Gore-Booth, countess of Marciwietz (sic!) Tim McCoy-O'Connor, Galway, Ireland According to the website http://gi.grolier.com/presidents/ea/side/wsffrg.html; "Women in New Jersey could vote initially because a loophole in the state's constitution of 1790 gave the vote to "all inhabitants" who satisfied certain property and residence requirements. Property-holding women took advantage of the constitution's vague wording. A state legislator who had almost been defeated by women voters helped to pass a bill to disenfranchise the state's women and black men in 1807" I read somewhere else that the official reason for disenfranchising them was their "propensity for voting multiple times", but I do not know if this was a justified claim or not. Siggy, Riverside, USA The Isle of Man parliament, Tynwald, gave women the right to vote in 1881, 47 years before the UK. Since UK common law does not specifically apply to the Isle of Man, and that the UK only represents the I.O.M. on an international level, I would presume that should help qualify the Manx with the title of being the first nation to give women the vote. Mark Erickson-Rohrer, Southport, England Stephen Kingston is not exactly right about Switzerland. The franchise was set at cantonal level and various cantons granted female suffrage on different dates. I think that the date he gives - 1972 - was the date the last canton came into line with the rest of the country. Quentin Langley, Woking, UK


"In which industry is the ""Kimberly Process Certification Scheme"" used?"

The Kimberley Process (KP) | KimberleyProcess like us on facebook The Kimberley Process (KP) The Kimberley Process (KP) is a joint governments, industry and civil society initiative to stem the flow of conflict diamonds – rough diamonds used by rebel movements to finance wars against legitimate governments.   The KP Intersessional meeting took place from 23 until 26 May 2016 in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. Please find hereby the opening speech and closing remarks of the KP Chair, Mr. Ahmed Bin Sulayem. Dubai, UAE: The Kimberley Process Chair, Mr. Ahmed Bin Sulayem, announced the second in a series of three, one-day ‘Special Forums’, on rough diamond valuation, to be held on 30 September 2016 at the Hylitt Hotel, Antwerp, Belgium.


Which English long distance path runs from Overton Hill near Avebury to Ivinghoe Beacon?

ridgeway Although not considered part of the complex of monuments the Ridgeway still must have played a crucial part in the lives of Avebury's builders. As one of the major trade routes in the British Isles during the Neolithic period it is of great significance that Avebury itself lay on it confirming the importance of the locality at that time. Maintained by the Countryside Commission the present Ridgeway is only a part of a much longer pathway that once ran between Dorset and the flint mines at "Grime's Graves" in Norfolk. At one time it possibly extended to the coastline at both extremes linking the English Channel to the North Sea. The surviving section commences adjacent to the Sanctuary on Overton Hill. From there it winds its way across the countryside in a north-easterly direction across the tops of the North Wessex Downs and then the Chiltern Hills until it reaches its northernmost terminus at Ivinghoe Beacon a few miles beyond Tring......a distance of about 85 miles. Its route is punctuated by several sites which were significant during the Neolithic and Bronze ages including the fine long barrow of "Wayland's Smithy" which is close to the mysterious and ancient hill figure of the Uffington White Horse. A number of prominent Iron Age sites are also to be found nearby.


Which figure of speech is represented by such phrases as 'pretty ugly' and 'black Is white'?

Literary Terms & Devices the basic items that make up a work of literature LITERARY DEVICES: literary techniques and methods employed to help the author get his or her point across.  Not all literary devices will be used within one work. ABSTRACTION: a term that is applied to ideas that are philosophical and emotional, not concrete or tangible, yet the idea comes from experience. Examples: truth, liberty, freedom ALLEGORY: a story in which the characters and their actions represent general truths about human conduct. The characters in an allegory often represent abstract concepts, such as faith, innocence, or evil. ALLITERATION: the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words in a sentence or a line of poetry. Example: thundering thoughts wing wildly ALLUSION: a reference to a well-known fictional, mythological, or historical person, place, or event, outside the story.  Allusions enrich a story by suggesting similarities to comparable circumstances in another time or place; complex ideas are brought to the readers' minds simply and easily. Example: the warrior had Olympian strength - Mt. Olympus is the home of the Gods in Greek Mythology AMBIGUITY: either a faulty, unclear expression, or a poetic device which deliberately uses a word or expression to indicate two or more distinct references, attitudes or feelings. The word has both connotations (secondary or associated significance) and denotations (primary definition or reference). ANALOGY: exploring a topic by explaining it in terms of another seemingly unlike but more commonplace and less complicated object, or experience.  Analogy extends a metaphor . Example: sound waves are compared to concentric ripples being created when a stone is dropped in the still water of a pond ANTAGONIST: the character or force in opposition to the protagonist . Example: "The Joker" in Batman ANTITHESIS: strong contrast shown through the juxtaposition of opposing words, phrases, clauses, sentences, or ideas. Example: "Every sweet has its sour […]" APOSTROPHE: the speaker is addressing an absent person or the dead, or an inanimate object, as if present. Example: O, beautiful rose!  Thou art lovely! ASIDE: a remark made by one character in the presence of others, but assumed not to be heard by them (sometimes said directly to the audience). ASSERTION: a statement that is debatable, as opposed to fact.  Sometimes it is explicit ly stated while sometimes it is implicit . ASSONANCE: the repetition of similar stressed vowel sounds within words in nearby sentences or words. Example: the birds were hooting in the woodland CHARACTERIZATION: the act of creating and developing a character.  The development of a character can be done in several different ways such as through what the character says and does, and through what other characters say about him.  Technically, it is done in two ways: Direct Characterization states character traits outright. Indirect Characterization reveals character traits through what the character thinks, says, does, description of appearance or by other characters' thoughts, actions, and statements. CLICHÉ: a strikingly worded expression that is worn out from too much use. Example: two peas in a pod COMPARISON: an examination designed to expose similarities between two objects or ideas. CONCRETE TERMS: terms that represent, or try to evoke images or experiences of specific, tangible objects or entities.  Concrete terms are usually thought of as opposed to abstractions or generalizations . Example: science attempts to describe things in concrete terms CONFLICT: a struggle between opposing forces that causes the action of the story. External conflicts have outside action such as man against man, man against nature, man against fate. Internal conflicts occur inside the character's mind, such as man against himself or man against society. Example: Joe the bank robber is having an external conflict with his partner Dave who wants more money while also having an internal conflict with himself about having to kill


Where in the human body would you find the pineal gland?

The Pineal Gland of the Endocrine System Updated August 25, 2016. Pineal Gland The pineal gland is a small, pinecone shaped gland of the endocrine system . A structure of the diencephalon of the brain , the pineal gland produces the hormone melatonin. Melatonin influences sexual development and sleep-wake cycles. The pineal gland is composed of cells called pinealocytes and cells of the nervous system called glial cells . The pineal gland connects the endocrine system with the nervous system in that it converts nerve signals from the sympathetic system of the peripheral nervous system into hormone signals. Over time, calcium deposits build-up in the pineal and its accumulation often leads to calcification in the elderly. Function The pineal gland is involved in several functions of the body including: Secretion of the Hormone Melatonin Regulation of Endocrine Functions Influences Sexual Development Location Directionally the pineal gland is situated between the cerebral hemispheres and attached to the third ventricle . continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge It is located in the center of the brain. Pineal Gland and Melatonin Melatonin is produced within the pineal gland and synthesized from the neurotransmitter serotonin. Melatonin production is vital to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles and its production is determined by light and dark detection. The retina sends signals about light and dark detection to an area of the brain called the hypothalamus . These signals are eventually relayed to the pineal gland. The more light detected, the less melatonin produced and released into the blood . Melatonin levels are at their highest during the night and this promotes changes in the body that help us to sleep. Low levels of melatonin during daylight hours help us to stay awake. Melatonin also influences the development of reproductive system structures. It inhibits the release of certain reproductive hormones from the pituitary gland that affect male and female reproductive organs. These pituitary hormones, known as gonadotropins, stimulate gonads to release sex hormones. Melatonin therefore regulates sexual development. In animals, melatonin plays a role in regulating mating seasons. Images


According to the latest census, in 2001, what is the second most spoken language In Australia?

What Languages Do Canadians Speak? What Languages Do Canadians Speak? What Languages Do Canadians Speak? Language Statistics From the 2011 Census of Canada By Susan Munroe Dateline: 10/31/12 The 2011 Census of Canada shows that while many Canadians are definitely bilingual, they are not necessarily speaking English and French. Statistics Canada reports that more than 200 languages that were not English, French or an Aboriginal language, were reported as a language spoken most often at home, or as a mother tongue . About two-thirds of the respondents who spoke one of these immigrant languages also spoke either English or French. 2011 Census Questions on Languages in Canada Data on languages collected in the Census of Canada are used to implement and administer both federal and provincial acts, such as the federal Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the New Brunswick Official Languages Act. Language statistics are also used by both public and private organizations which deal with issues such as health care, human resources, education and community services. In the 2011 Census of Canada questionnaire, four questions on languages were asked. Question 7: Can this person speak English or French well enough to conduct a conversation? Question 8(a): What language does this person speak most often at home? Question 8(b): Does this person speak any other languages on a regular basis at home? Question 9: What is the language that this person first learned at home in childhood and still understands? For further details on the questions, the changes between the 2006 Census and the 2011 Census and the methodology used, see Languages Reference Guide, 2011 Census from Statistics Canada. Languages Spoken at Home in Canada In the 2011 Census of Canada, the Canadian population of nearly 33.5 million reported more than 200 languages as their language spoken at home or their mother tongue. About a fifth of Canadians, or nearly 6.8 million people, reported having a mother tongue other than English or French, Canada's two official languages. About 17.5 percent or 5.8 million people reported that they spoke at least two languages at home. Only 6.2 percent of Canadians spoke a language other than English or French as their only language at home. Official Languages in Canada Canada has two official languages at the federal level of government: English and French. [In the 2011 Census, about 17.5 percent, or 5.8 million, reported that they were bilingual in English and French, in that they could conduct a conversation in both English and French.] That's a small increase of 350,000 over the 2006 Census of Canada, which Statistics Canada attributes to an increase in the number of Quebecers who reported being able to conduct a conversation in English and French. In provinces other than Quebec, the rate of English-French bilingualism dipped slightly. About 58 percent of the population reported that their mother tongue was English. English was also the language most often spoken at home by 66 percent of the population. About 22 percent of the population reported that their mother tongue was French, and French was the language most often spoken at home by 21 percent. About 20.6 percent reported that a language other than English or French was their mother tongue. They also reported that they spoke English or French at home. Diversity of Languages in Canada In the 2011 Census, eighty percent of those who reported that they speak an immigrant language (not English, French or an Aboriginal language) most often at home live in one of the six largest major census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Canada. Toronto: About 1.8 million people in Toronto reported speaking an immigrant language most often at home. That's about 32.2 percent of the city's population and around 2.5 times as many as in Vancouver who reported speaking an immigrant language most often at home. The most common languages were Cantonese, Punjabi, Chinese (non-specified dialect), Urdu and Tamil. Montreal: In Montreal about 626,000 reported speaking an immigrant language most often at home.