In which state of the USA would you find Yosemite National Park?

Animals - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service) Animals From a bug’s eye view, Yosemite is a good home for creeping, crawling, buzzing creatures to live, breed, and feed.   Wildlife Observation Card Fill out a Wildlife Observation Card  to report wildlife sightings to the park. [38 kb PDF]   Diverse Habitats and a Diversity of Species Yosemite National Park supports more than 400 species of vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The high diversity of species is the result of diverse habitats in Yosemite that are largely intact. The park’s rich habitats range from thick foothill chaparral to conifer forests to expanses of alpine rock. Animals feel at home in each location. In Yosemite Valley, you'll find species that depend upon meadow habitat. Predators, in turn, are attracted to these areas. The interface between meadow and forest is also favored by many animal species because of the proximity of open areas for foraging, and cover for protection. Overall, the park's widespread coniferous forests—with a relatively mild climate and a mixture of plant species—provide a lush habitat for animals to live. At higher elevations, fewer wildlife species tend to be found due, in part, to the lower complexity of the forest. Above treeline, the climate becomes harsh with a short growing season. Despite the richness of high-quality habitats in Yosemite, approximately 40 species have a special status under California endangered species legislation. Three species—grizzly bear, California red-legged frog, and foothill yellow-legged frog—are believed to be extirpated in the park within recent history. Serious threats to Yosemite's wildlife and the ecosystems they occupy include loss of a natural fire regime, non-native species, air pollution, habitat fragmentation, and climate change. On a more local basis, factors such as the availability of human food and occurrence of roadkills negatively affect wildlife species. “In final analysis, no two species well established in a region occupy precisely the same ecologic space; each has its own peculiar places for foraging, and for securing safety for itself and for its eggs or young. These ultimate units of occurrence are called ‘ecologic niches.’” – Joseph Grinnell and Tracy Irwin Storer, Animal Life in the Yosemite , University of California Press, 1924


Which empire, established in and around Cappadocia, was powerful in Asia Minor from 1400 to 1200 BC?

Hittite Kingdom - 1800 BC - 1200 BC The Hittites: the story of a forgotten empire By Archibald Henry Sayce Hittite Kingdom - 1800 BC - 1200 BC In the history of the Ancient East, besides the two great centers of civilisation Egypt and Babylonia, there was in the north, especially in Asia Minor, a third to which the name "Hittite" is usually given. In the 14th century BC the Hittites became the supreme political and military power in the Near East. It was a power and a civilization which once dominated Asia Minor and north Syria and occupied all the continental roads of communication between the East and the West of the ancient world. The Hittites were lost for millennia to the world under the sands of Asia Minor (Turkey) and other countries at the northern end of the Tigris and Euphrates. The credit of having been the first to divine the importance of the Hittites should always be ascribed to Archibald Henry Sayce. These are not the Hittites of the Bible (who are later, located in Syria and/or Canaan and are only to an unclear extent influenced by the earlier Hittites). The land mass occupied by the Asian part of the Republic of Turkey, east of the Sea of Marmara, is known as Anatolia. The region was inhabited by an advanced Neolithic culture as early as the seventh millennium BC, and metal instruments were in use by 2500 BC. Late in the third millennium BC, the warrior Hittites invaded Anatolia and established an empire that made significant economic and administrative advancements. The Hittites were an Indo-European speaking people. This was rather surprising, given that the other languages in the area are of the Semitic line, a non-Indo-European language family that included Sumerian and Akkadian. They rose to become one of the greatest powers of the Ancient Middle Eastern world by conquering Babylon and challenging the power of the Egyptian Pharaoh Rameses II at the battle of Quadesh. In about 1200 BC, the Phrygians overthrew the Hittites in western Anatolia, where a Phrygian kingdom then ruled until the seventh century BC. The Hittites were destroyed in the wake of movements of the enigmatic Sea peoples around 1180 BC. The Hittites, an ancient people of Asia Minor and Syria, flourished from 1600 to 1200 BC. The Hittites, a people of Indo-European connection, were supposed to have entered Cappadocia around 1800 B.C. The Hittite empire, with its capital at Bogazkï¿½y (also called as Hattusas), was the chief power and cultural force in Western Asia from 1400 to 1200 BC. It was a loose confederation that broke up under the invasions (c.1200 B.C.) of the Thracians, Phrygians, and Assyrians. The Hittites were one of the first peoples to smelt iron successfully. The ancient Egyptians did not "discover" the wheel until they were invaded by the Hittites riding horse-drawn chariots. It is now believed that they used wheels for toys and in a land-measurement device but never had the gestalt to transfer the concept of the wheel to something as simple as a wagon. The Hittites were a northern Indo-European people who called themselves "Aryans" (like the Persians)-a term meaning "noble people", they established an empire formally known as the Kingdom Of Hatti which stretched from Anatolia (modern Turkey), Canaan (Palestine and Jordan) and Syria to northern Mesopotamia (northern Iraq). The general bearing has been to emphasize the division of Hittite history and remains into two main periods; the first, imperial Hatti rule radiating from Cappadocia; the second, not of Hatti rule but of either Muski empire or Hatti civilisation surviving in small states of Eastern Asia Minor and North Syria (e.g. Tyanitis whose monuments show non-Hittite bearded figures). In the latter period fell the relations of the Hebrew monarchies with "Hittites," who, resigning mid-Syria to the Aramaean powers of Damascus and Hamah, ceased to be an imperial power in the 12th century BC. It should be added that the hostile relations of the Hatti with Assyria began at least as early as the reign of Shalmaneser I at Calah (14th century BC). Excavations reveal


Which sport, originated by native Americans and introduced to England in 1867, is played with a stick with a net on one end by 12 players per side on a field around 100 to 150 yards long?

NATIVE AMERICANS or AMERICAN INDIANS  The  first people to inhabit the Americas are referred to as Indians. Their settlements ranged  across the Western Hemisphere and were built on many of the sites where modern cities now rise. They  hunted deer, buffalo, and other game and cultivated land where today  crops are still grown. Their hunters, warriors, and traders used paths  now followed by roads and railroads. Indian words dot the map of the United States . Twenty-seven states  and large numbers of cities, towns, rivers, and lakes bear names from  the languages of the first Americans.      Native American farmers were the first in the world to domesticate  potatoes, tomatoes, and many other food plants that help feed the  peoples of the world today. The Native Americans were also the first to  raise turkeys. They found uses for such Native American plants as  rubber, tobacco, the sugar maple, and the cinchona tree (for quinine).    The Native Americans had lived in America for thousands of years when the first European explorers  set foot on their land. When Christopher Columbus landed in the New World , he called  the native people indios (Spanish for Indians) because he thought  he had reached India    Because of European colonization of North and South America since  1500, Native Americans have been greatly reduced in numbers and largely  displaced. In Central and South America a large percentage of the modern population is of mixed Indian and  European ancestry, and in the Caribbean South America a portion of the population is  of mixed American Indian and African descent.      Native Americans belong to the American Indian geographic race.  Characteristics include medium skin pigmentation, straight black hair,  sparse body hair, and a very low frequency of male pattern balding. In  addition to a marked absence of blood type B and the Rh-negative blood  type among Native Americans, several other characteristics of their  blood types set them apart from the Mongoloid peoples, with whom they  were sometimes classed in the past.  WHERE DID THE INDIANS COME FROM? Like the white settlers, the first Indians were  immigrants. Anthropologists say they came from northeastern Asia . They resembled  the early Mongoloid people of that region. Nobody knows when or how they  came. They probably arrived when ice sheets covered much of northern North America .  This may have been 20,000  to 30,000 years ago.     They may have come because they were wandering  hunters, like most people of that era. They crossed the Bering Strait to Alaska , seeking new hunting grounds. Bridges of land existed  then, making passage easy. There seem to have been ice-free land and  game in Alaska and open land east of the Rocky Mountains ,  leading into the heart of North America . Perhaps the Indians moved along this area as they needed new hunting  grounds. Gradually the ice melted, and the Indians spread to most parts  of both Americas . They did not fill this  vast area. It has been estimated that only about 1,025,000 were living  north of Mexico when the first white men  came to America .   Differences in Ways of Living The  Indians lived in different ways in various parts of the country. When a  roaming band of Indians found a place with good hunting and plenty of  seeds and berries, they settled down. Gradually they learned to utilize  the area's trees and plants, its animals, fish, and birds, and its  stones and earth.      The vast American continents have many kinds of land and climate. In  each area nature provided special plants, animals, and raw materials.  Thus Indians of various areas had different food, clothing, and shelter.  They worked out different ways of life.      Since the Indians depended upon nature, they studied its ways. They knew  the habits of the animals. They found out which plants were nourishing  and which poisonous. They knew signs that foretold the turning of the  seasons and the changes in the weather.      They had no sc


"Which English lawyer wrote ""Dulcamara"", ""Pygmalion and Galatea"", and ""The Wicked World"" before he became a librettist and lyricist for comic operas?"

W. S. Gilbert W. S. Gilbert W. S. Gilbert Sir William Schwenck Gilbert [1] (18 November 1836 – 29 May 1911) was an English dramatist , librettist , poet and illustrator best known for the fourteen comic operas (known as the Savoy operas ) produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan . The most famous of these include H.M.S. Pinafore , The Pirates of Penzance and one of the most frequently performed works in the history of musical theatre, The Mikado . [2] These, as well as several of the other Savoy operas, continue to be frequently performed in the English-speaking world and beyond by opera companies, repertory companies, schools and community theatre groups. Lines from these works have become part of the English language, such as " short, sharp shock ", "What, never? Well, hardly ever!", [3] and "Let the punishment fit the crime". [4] Gilbert also wrote the Bab Ballads , an extensive collection of light verse accompanied by his own comical drawings. His creative output included over 75 plays and libretti , numerous stories, poems, lyrics and various other comic and serious pieces. His plays and realistic style of stage direction inspired other dramatists, including Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw . [5] According to The Cambridge History of English and American Literature , Gilbert's "lyrical facility and his mastery of metre raised the poetical quality of comic opera to a position that it had never reached before and has not reached since". [6] Contents Beginnings[ edit ] "No sooner had the learned judge pronounced this sentence than the poor soul stooped down, and taking off a heavy boot, flung it at my head, as a reward for my eloquence on her behalf; accompanying the assault with a torrent of invective against my abilities as a counsel, and my line of defence." — My Maiden Brief [7] (Gilbert claimed this incident was autobiographical.) [8] Gilbert was born at 17 Southampton Street , Strand , London. His father, also named William , was briefly a naval surgeon , who later became a writer of novels and short stories, some of which were illustrated by his son. Gilbert's mother was the former Anne Mary Bye Morris (1812–1888), the daughter of Thomas Morris, an apothecary. [9] Gilbert's parents were distant and stern, and he did not have a particularly close relationship with either of them. They quarrelled increasingly, and following the break-up of their marriage in 1876, his relationships with them, especially his mother, became even more strained. [10] Gilbert had three younger sisters, two of whom were born outside England because of the family's travels during these years: Jane Morris (b. 1838 in Milan , Italy – 1906), who married Alfred Weigall, a miniatures painter; Anne Maude (1845–1932) and Mary Florence (b. 1843 in Boulogne , France – 1911), neither of whom married. [11] [12] Gilbert was nicknamed "Bab" as a baby, and then "Schwenck", after his father's godparents. [9] As a child, Gilbert travelled to Italy in 1838 and then France for two years with his parents, who finally returned to settle in London in 1847. He was educated at Boulogne , France from the age of seven (he later kept his diary in French so that the servants could not read it), [13] then at Western Grammar School, Brompton , London, and then at the Great Ealing School , where he became head boy and wrote plays for school performances and painted scenery. He then attended King's College London , graduating in 1856. He intended to take the examinations for a commission in the Royal Artillery , but with the end of the Crimean War , fewer recruits were needed, and the only commission available to Gilbert would have been in a line regiment . Instead he joined the Civil Service : he was an assistant clerk in the Privy Council Office for four years and hated it. In 1859 he joined the Militia , a part-time volunteer force formed for the defence of Britain, with which he served until 1878 (in between writing and other work), reaching the rank of Captain. [14] In 1863 he received a bequest of £ 300 that he used to leave the civil se


"What was the name of the home of Captain Haddock, a character in the ""Tintin"" books?"

Captain Archibald Haddock | Tintin Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Tintin and Alph-Art Captain Archibald Haddock is a retired merchant sailor who likes Loch Lomond whiskey and hates mineral water. He is also one of Tintin 's closest friends. Haddock is highly addicted to whiskey but he also likes other spirits like rum. He first appeared in The Crab with the Golden Claws and had been in every Tintin  book since then.  Contents [ show ] History Captain Haddock sailed over twenty years with his old friend, Captain Chester , before becoming commander of the Karaboudjan where his alcoholism was taken advantage of by his crooked first mate Allan Thompson . Tintin rescued him from the ship and the two friends were barely ever parted again. He is a direct descendant of the 17th century seafarer Sir Francis Haddock , a sea captain under Charles II. He was the captain for two expeditions during his adventures with Tintin, commanding the Aurora in The Shooting Star during the expedition to find the meteorite and the Sirius , Captain Chester's ship that he lent to Haddock to find Red Rackham's treasure. At the end of the latter adventure, Haddock acquired with the proceeds of the sale of his friend Cuthbert Calculus ' patent for the Shark-proof submarine , Marlinspike Hall , which once belonged to Captain Haddock's ancestor Francis. Haddock retired from sailing there and invited Tintin and Calculus to indefinitely live there with him. Name As for the origin of the name of Captain Haddock's name, who first appeared in Hergé 's notes in 1938 , according to Philippe Goddin , author of Chronology of a work, it is inspired by Captain Craddock, Franco-German film Hanns Schwarz and Max Vaucorbeil (1931), of which Hergé was a big fan. In the original french version of The Crab with the Golden Claws, Captain Haddock even sings a song in the film: Guys navy. However, according to the first wife of Hergé, Germaine Kiekens , the name "Haddock" comes from the English fish dish, the smoked haddock. However, the name Haddock is a real surname in English, examples such as Sir Richard Haddock (1629-1715) ordered the Royal James at the Battle of Solebay. His second son, Nicholas Haddock followed the career of his father. In addition, Herbert James Haddock (1861-1946) was commander of the White Star Line and the Titanic among others in the technical tests before delivery to the transatlantic company, and then the sister ship of the Titanic, the Olympic. Drunkness Captain Haddock was a drunkard, Which is one of his weaknesses. He hates drinking anything that doesn´t contain alcohol, like water. He did make attampts to shake this habit, even becoming the president of the Society of Sober Sailors , a seafarers equivalent to Alcoholics Anonymous. However, when Professor Calculus invented the pills to make consumption of alcohol unpleasant in Tintin and the Picaros , this weakness was gone. Names Captain Haddock has a large amount of names hne isyvocabularyells many when he wishes to insult. Bianca's Names Bianca Castafiore has trouble remembering Haddock's last name and has created many new names, below is a list: Addock, Capslock, Kapok, Bangkok, Bartok, Fatstock, Drydock, Hopscotch, Stopcock, Hammock, Paddock, Hassock, Havoc, Maggot, Bootblack, Balzac, Bedsock, Padlock, Hatbox, Stockpot, Harrock, and Hemlock. One reason why Bianca Castafiore always has trouble saying Haddock's last name correctly may be because when they first met in the book The Calculus Affair, Haddock was unable to say his name correctly: Castafiore: Aha, you little flatterer, so you've come to congratulate me, with this... fisherman... Mr? ... Mr?... Haddock: Er... Hoddack...er.... Haddad... Excuse me, Haddock. In Tintin and the Picaros, Professor  Calculus calls Captain Haddock "Capock Hatpin" and Tintin "Tin Tack." And he will say it, "Tintack!...Capock Hatpin!...Terrible news!...Dreadful!


Which 19th century scientist first stated the laws of thermodynamics and was made a Baron in 1892?

Joule, James Prescott (1818-1889) English Physicist (Scientist) In Depth Tutorials and Information Joule, James Prescott (1818-1889) English Physicist (Scientist) One of the leading experimentalists of his time, James Prescott Joule’s main contributions to science were the discovery of the first law of thermodynamics, the law of the conservation of energy, and his findings concerning the mechanical equivalent of heat. Joule also collaborated with Baron William Thomson Kelvin to develop the Joule-Thomson effect, which stated that the temperature of an expanding gas cooled if the gas did not perform external work. The second of five children, Joule grew up in a wealthy brewing family. Born on December 24, 1818, in Salford, near Manchester, England, to Benjamin and Alice Prescott Joule, Joule was a shy and frail child. He and a brother were tutored at home, and from 1834 to 1837 the brothers learned mathematics and science from chemist john dalton, known for his work on atomic theory. Joule developed an interest in physics at an early age and set up a laboratory near the brewery to conduct experiments. James Prescott Joule discovered the first law of thermodynamics. Though Joule did not receive a formal education or a college degree, he made significant discoveries, most before reaching the age of 30. At the age of 19, Joule began independent research under the guidance of William Sturgeon, an amateur scientist. Joule was influenced by Sturgeon’s interest in electromagnetic theories. At about the same time, Joule began to investigate the problems of heat, particularly the heat developed by an electric current. He found that the heat produced in a wire by an electric current was connected to the current and resistance of the wire. Joule announced his findings in 1840 in a paper entitled On the Production of Heat by Voltaic Electricity. From 1837 to 1847, Joule studied the mechanical equivalent of heat and other forms of energy and established the principle of conservation of energy. He systematically studied the thermal effects caused by the production and passage of current in an electric current, and in 1843 Joule determined the amount of mechanical work needed to produce a given amount of heat; his discovery was guided by precise experiments in which he measured the degree of heat produced by rotating paddle wheels, powered by an electromagnetic engine, in water. Joule presented his observations in 1849 to the Royal Society in On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat. A year earlier Joule had also written a paper on the kinetic theory of gases. The paper included the first estimation of the speed of gas molecules. Joule worked with Thomson from 1852 to 1859 on experiments in thermodynamics. Their most significant discovery was that an expanding gas’s temperature cooled under certain conditions. This became known as the Joule-Thomson effect and provided the basis for the development of a large refrigeration industry in the 19th century. In 1850 Joule was elected to the Royal Society and enjoyed broad recognition and a strong reputation. He continued to carry out experimental investigations, but his findings failed to match the accomplishments of his early years. Joule married Amelia Grimes of Liverpool in 1847; she died in 1854, leaving him to raise their two children. Though Joule never received an academic appointment, his work on thermodynamics and the mechanical equivalent of heat were widely accepted and helped advance the sciences. The joule, a unit of energy, was named in his honor. Joule died on October 11, 1889, in Sale, Cheshire, after a lengthy bout with a degenerative brain disease.


In which 1940 film did the characters Adenoid Hynkel, Benzino Napolini, Garbitsch and Herring appear?

The Great Dictator (1940) - FAQ The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. Visit our FAQ Help to learn more FAQ How much sex, violence, and profanity are in this movie? For detailed information about the amounts and types of (a) sex and nudity, (b) violence and gore, (c) profanity, (d) alcohol, drugs, and smoking, and (e) frightening and intense scenes in this movie, consult the IMDb Parents Guide for this movie. The Parents Guide for The Great Dictator can be found here . Which people in real life are the characters supposed to represent? Adenoid Hynkel of Tomania represents Adolf Hitler of Germany, Benzino Napoloni of Bacteria represents Benito Mussolini of Italy, and Garbitsch is Joseph Goebbels. Osterlich is Austria. Some have suggested Field Marshal Herring is Heinrich Himmler; others think Herring was suggested by Hermann Gï¿½ring, the chief of Hitler's Air Force, because "Gï¿½ring" rhymes with "herring." Was Hynkel really speaking German during his speeches? No. It's pseudo-German gibberish with a few words tossed in to make it sound like German. For example, he refers to the German Navy as "der grï¿½ï¿½te Navy in der Welt" and describes the Arian maiden as "die Delicatessen mit der schï¿½n (pretty face) und der Holstein (gestures a big bosom)...... und nach der Tsuden (the Jews) unbelievte Sauerkraut mit der Juden " while the commentator says: "His excellency has just referred to the Jewish people". The comedy is not about the exact contents of the speech, but to mock Hitler's style. On one level, it succeeded as a silly string of nonsense but, on another level, it drives home the idea that, while Hitler's speeches may have sounded good, they were, in fact, mostly nonsensical rants. Did Chaplin make this movie as a spoof on the Holocaust? While The Great Dictator is an obvious spoof on Adolf Hitler, it was released in 1940, before the world knew about the Holocaust, and before most of it had happened, so it was not meant as a spoof on the Holocaust. Some viewers say that this movie is a testament to Chaplin's genius, but Chaplin himself has been quoted as saying that, had he known about the horrors to come, he would never have made this film. Did Hitler ever see this movie? The story is that Goebbels had a copy of The Great Dictator seized from one of the German-occupied countries and then brought to Hitler. Hitler screened the film alone, except for his personal projectionist. When it was over, it's said that he demanded to see it again. Beyond that, his true reaction is not known. The projectionist later claimed that the only time Hitler laughed at the movie was the "barber chair scene" where Hynkel and Napoloni were attemping to tower over each other by elevating the barber shop chairs they were seated in. Chaplin wrote: "I'd give anything to know what he thought of it."


What small, oily fish, of which there are 15 species, found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Pacific, and the Mediterranean, move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America?

Herring: Cooking Wiki Jump to: navigation , search Whitby smoked kippers, delicious with wholemeal toast and a soft-boiled egg Herrings are small, oily fish found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Pacific, and the Mediterranean. There are 15 species of herring, the most abundant of which is the Atlantic herring. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are caught, salted and smoked in great quantities. Canned "sardines" (or pilchards) seen in supermarkets may actually be sprats or round herrings. Pickled herring is a delicacy popular in Europe and has become a basic part of Jewish cuisine. Most cured herring uses a two-step curing process. Initially, herring is cured with salt to extract water. The second stage involves removing the salt and adding flavourings, typically a vinegar , salt , sugar solution to which ingredients like peppercorn , bay leaves and raw onions are added. In Scandinavia, once the pickling process is finished and depending on which of the dozens of classic herring flavourings ( mustard , onion , garlic , lingonberries etc.) are selected, it is usually enjoyed with dark rye bread, crisp bread, or potatoes . This dish is a must at Christmas and Midsummer, where it is enjoyed with akvavit . In the Middle Ages the Dutch developed a special treat known in English as soused herring or rollmops . The word Rollmops, borrowed from Dutch language and German, refers to a pickled herring fillet rolled (hence the name) into a cylindrical shape around a piece of pickled gherkin or an onion . Whitebait


Boadicea, Queen of the Iceni, is famous for leading resistance to the invasion of Britain by whom?

BBC - History - Boudicca z Imagined portrait of Boudicca    © Boudicca was queen of the Iceni people of Eastern England and led a major uprising against occupying Roman forces. Boudicca was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Anglia. When the Romans conquered southern England in AD 43, they allowed Prasutagus to continue to rule. However, when Prasutagus died the Romans decided to rule the Iceni directly and confiscated the property of the leading tribesmen. They are also said to have stripped and flogged Boudicca and raped her daughters. These actions exacerbated widespread resentment at Roman rule. In 60 or 61 AD, while the Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus was leading a campaign in North Wales, the Iceni rebelled. Members of other tribes joined them. Boudicca's warriors successfully defeated the Roman Ninth Legion and destroyed the capital of Roman Britain, then at Colchester. They went on to destroy London and Verulamium (St Albans). Thousands were killed. Finally, Boudicca was defeated by a Roman army led by Paulinus. Many Britons were killed and Boudicca is thought to have poisoned herself to avoid capture. The site of the battle, and of Boudicca's death, are unknown.


What is the next in this series: Los Angeles, Seoul, Barcelona, Atlanta?

Heat | Brain Teasers | ArcaMax Publishing Your email is safe with us. Privacy Policy or What are the last three letters in this series? S, L, S, A, P, A, L, B, L, H, M, R, T, M, M, M, M, L, S, ?, ?, ? Solution: B, A, S. The letters are the first initials of the host cities for the Summer Olympics through the 20th century: Saint Louis, London, Stockholm, Antwerp, Paris, Amsterdam, Los Angeles, Berlin, London, Helsinki, Melbourne, Rome, Tokyo, Mexico City, Munich, Montreal, Moscow, Los Angeles, Seoul, Barcelona, Atlanta, Sydney Today's brain teaser courtesy of Braingle.com .


Which metal is liquid at room temperature?

General Chemistry Online: FAQ: The periodic table: What elements are liquids at room temperature? What elements are liquids at room temperature? Two elements are liquid at room temperature (298 K): Bromine (Br), an reddish brown liquid with a suffocating odor, melts at 265.9 K. Mercury (Hg), a toxic metal, melts at 234.32 K. (See Why is mercury a liquid at STP? ) Four elements melt just a few degrees above room temperature. Francium (Fr), a radioactive and extremely reactive metal, melts around 300 K. The false color image at left shows 10,000 francium atoms in a laser trap. (For more about francium, see the Orozco group's francium research page at SUNY-Stony Brook.) Cesium (Cs), a soft metal that violently reacts with water, melts at 301.59 K. Like francium, cesium's low melting point and softness is a consequence of the size of its atoms: Cs atoms are larger than those of any other known element . The positive charge of a Cs+ core is spread over the atom's large surface area, and less energy is required to push Cs atoms out of place in the metal. Gallium (Ga), a grayish metal, melts at 303.3 K. Gallium's near-ambient melting point is sometimes demonstrated with a picture of a gallium rod liquefying in someone's bare hand. Wear gloves if you try this yourself: gallium causes skin rashes and can depress bone marrow function. Rubidium (Rb), another soft reactive metal, melts at 312.46 K. Further reading L.J. Norrby, "Why is mercury liquid? Or, why do relativistic effects not get into chemistry textbooks?" Journal of Chemical Education, 68, 110-113 (1991). D. S. Rustad, "How soft is mercury? (Letter to the Editor)", Journal of Chemical Education, 64, 470 (1987). G. H. Wagner, "Gallium", Journal of Chemical Education, 29, 162 (1952).


"Which soprano, who had a highly successful opera career between 1968 and 2004, starred as Maria in the ""operatic version"" of Leonard Bernsteins ""West Side Story""?"

On this day in MUSIC - Page 128 - Historum - History Forums On this day in MUSIC User Name Need help with the website? Contact Us anytime. Art and Cultural History Art and Cultural History Forum - Music, Literature, Mythology, Visual Arts, Sports, Popular Culture Page 128 of 365 From: On a mountain top in Costa Rica. yeah...I win!! Posts: 14,920 Blog Entries: 2 from the Associated Press in SAN FRANCISCO— 4 March 2012, Sunday Rock guitarist Ronnie Montrose, who formed the band that bore his name and performed with some of rock's heavy hitters, has died . His booking agent, Jim Douglas, says Montrose passed away at his home in Millbrae on Saturday. He was 64. Douglas says Montrose had been in declining health for some time battling prostate cancer and what Douglas termed "personal demons." Besides forming his own band in 1973, which featured Sammy Hagar on lead vocals, Montrose performed with a number of other musicians, including Herbie Hancock, Van Morrison, Boz Scaggs and the Edgar Winter Group. Douglas said Montrose was working on releasing a DVD and starting a U.S. tour. Montrose is survived by his wife, Leighsa, as well as a son, a daughter and five grandchildren.   From: On a mountain top in Costa Rica. yeah...I win!! Posts: 14,920 in 1807 - 1st performance of Ludwig von Beethoven's 4th Symphony in B . in 1856 - Covent Garden Opera House destroyed in a fire. in 1868 - Arrigo Boito's opera "Mefistofele," premieres in Milan. in 1887 - Heitor Villa-Lobos (Brazilian composer) is born. [ame="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=crL1H8INb8c"]Heitor Villa-Lobos | Bachianas Brasileiras n.1 - Prelï¿½dio (Modinha) - YouTube[/ame] in 1907 - 1st radio broadcast of a musical composition aired. in 1914 - Philip Farkas (US horn player, teacher) is born. in 1917 - 1st jazz recording for Victor Records released. [ame="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqpgleq3ssk"]Original Dixieland Jass Band - Dixie Jass Band One-Step - Victor 18255 (first Jazz record ever) - YouTube[/ame] in 1919 - Louis Hirsch & Harold Atteridge's musical premieres in NYC. in 1929 - J. B. Lenoir (US blues guitarist, singer-songwriter) is born. in 1931 - Barry Tuckwell (Australian horn player) is born. in 1933 - Tommy Tucker/Robert Higginbotham (US blues singer, pianist) is born. in 1938 - Paul Evans (US singer, songwriter) in 1939 - Johnny Jenkins (US blues guitarist; the Pinetoppers/solo) is born. in 1944 - Lucio Battisti (Italian singer) is born. in 1946 - Lova Moor/Marie-Claude Jourdain (French singer and dancer) is born. in 1946 - Murray Head (UK actor, singer) is born. in 1946 - Richard Bell (Canadian keyboardist, pianist; Full Tilt Boogie Band/The Band/sessionist) is born. in 1947 - Alfredo Casella dies at age 63. Italian composer born in Turin; he had his biggest success with the ballet La Giara, set to a scenario of Pirandello's; other notable works include Italia, the Concerto Romano, Partita and Scarlattiana for Piano and Orchestra, the Violin and Cello Concerti, Paganiniana, and the Concerto for Piano, Strings, Timpani and Percussion. Amongst his chamber works, both Cello Sonatas are played with some frequency, as is the very beautiful late Harp Sonata, and the music for Flute and Piano. He also made live-recording player piano music rolls for the Aeolian Duo-Art system, all of which survive today and can be heard. In 1923, together with Gabriele D'Annunzio and Gian Francesco Malipiero from Venice, he founded an association to promote the spread of modern Italian music, the "Corporation of the New Music" is born. [ame="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02MMhs3mcTU"]Alfredo Casella: Sinfonia No.2, Op.12 (1908-1910) 1/5 - YouTube[/ame] in 1947 - Clodagh Rodgers (Irish singer) is born. in 1947 - Eddie Hodges (US actor, singer) is born. in 1948 - Eddy Grant (Guyana-born singer, guitar, synthesizer reggae/r&b/soul singer; The Equals/solo) is born. in 1948 - Richard Sidney Hickox CBE (English conductor; choral, orchestral, operatic) is born. TODAY’S MUSICAL SPOTLIGHT SHINES ON . . . in 1950 - Eugene Fodor Jr (American violinist) is born. Fodor was the first American vio


For administrative purposes, France is subdivided into 100 areas which are called what?

How is France Divided Administratively? (with picture) How is France Divided Administratively? Last Modified Date: 19 December 2016 Copyright Protected: 10 hilariously insightful foreign words France is situated in the northwest of Europe and is one of the member countries of the European Union. Its political system is made up of several layers of administrative divisions, which include regions, departments, arrondisements, cantons and communes. These divisions encompass not only France, but also other countries that were previously colonized by the French government, and are currently considered as being under the French territory. For administrative purposes, these countries are called "overseas regions" while France in Europe is called the "Metropolitan." The French territory is first divided into 26 regions, 22 in Metropolitan and four overseas. Regions are governed by a regional council of elected members and have neither legislative nor regulatory power. However, they do impose their own taxes, leading them to have considerable budgets to manage the country’s decentralized services. Regions are further subdivided into 100 departments, 96 in Metropolitan and four overseas. The four overseas regions and departments are one and the same: French Guyana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and the Reunion. French departments are administered by a general council of elected members and are represented by two-digit numbers, which are designated to each department following the alphabetical order. These numbers appear in INSEE (Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Démographiques) codes, social security numbers and French postal codes. They are also currently used as the final digits at the end of French vehicle registration numbers. Departments are comprised of 341 arrondisements, or districts, which are run by officials elected by the president. Unlike regions and departments though, arrondisements are not legal entities in the eyes of the law. Arrondisements are then subdivided into 4,032 cantons that serve as constituencies during the elections for the general council of each department. Cantons are actually made up of 36,781 communes, which is the lowest administrative division of France. Most of these communes, 36,569 of them, belong to France Metropolitan while the remaining 212 belong to overseas regions. There is no exact definition of a French commune. Paris, a city with more than 2 million inhabitants, is considered a commune. Similarly, Rochefourchat is a one-person commune situated in the region of Rhône-Alpes. A mayor and its municipal council run a commune. Despite the disparity in the sizes of French communes, the powers of those who govern them remain the same. Having said that, there are three communes – Paris, Marseille and Lyon – which are further subdivided into 45 municipal arrondisements, each with its own arrondisement mayor and council. The administrative divisions in French overseas regions are the same as in France Metropolitan. The four overseas regions/departments are divided into 12 arrondisements, which are further subdivided into 153 cantons. These 153 cantons are made up of 212 communes. Overseas regions are governed in the same manner as in Metropolitan, and with the same authority accorded to those elected to power. Over the years, the regional and departmental face of France has altered very little. The lower administrative divisions, however, have merged and separated often over the course of time. For instance, smaller French communes may merge to form an additional canton to facilitate administrative and political purposes, to regroup resources and share common public services. Due to these volatile changes, the French administration is reputed to be one of the most complicated in Europe. Ad


Which UK TV series based around the fictional Holby City Hospital, focuses on the staff and patients of the hospital's Accident and Emergency Department?

Casualty - watch tv series streaming online   Synopsis Casualty, stylised as CASUAL+Y, is a British medical drama television series that airs weekly on BBC One, and the longest-running emergency medical drama television series in the world. Created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin, it was first broadcast on 6 September 1986, and transmitted in the UK on BBC One. The original producer was Geraint Morris. The programme is based around the fictional Holby City Hospital and focuses on the staff and patients of the hospital's Accident and Emergency Department. The show has very few ties to its sister programme Holby City which began as a spin off from Casualty in 1999 and is set in the same hospital, but upstairs. The show's plots and characters occasionally crossover between the two programmes, but this is rare, and each show can easily be followed without having to watch the other. Casualty is shown weekly on a Saturday evening, which has been its time slot since the early 1990s. Casualty - watch online: stream, buy or rent We try to add new providers constantly but we couldn't find an offer for "Casualty" online. Please come back again soon to check if there's something new.


"Which Norwegian playwright wrote ""Hedda Gabler"", ""The Master Builder"" and ""Peer Gynt""?"

Henrik Ibsen - Modernism Lab Essays Henrik Ibsen by Pericles Lewis The Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen (1828- 1906 ) created modern realistic drama out of elements of the popular nineteenth-century forms of the melodrama and the "well-made play." Although his first European successes occurred with his romantic verse dramas of the 1860s, Ibsen’s great influence on the English stage began with A Doll’s House . The play’s emphasis on the social problem of women’s status in marriage gave Ibsen a reputation, especially in England, as a playwright of ideas and a feminist. Near the end of his life, however, Ibsen said that he had “been more of a poet and less of a social philosopher than people have generally been inclined to believe.” [1] In fact, Ibsen’s career is marked by a tension between the poet and the social philosopher. At the beginning of his career, Ibsen, who was a patriot and partisan of the 1848 revolutions, wrote verse dramas on themes from Norwegian history. He also gained much experience as stage manager, in-house playwright, and artistic director of two Norwegian theaters. Ibsen left Norway for Rome in 1864, at the age of 36; there, he wrote Brand (1866) and Peer Gynt (1867), which made him famous throughout Europe. Both plays are in verse and follow in the tradition of European romantic drama, typified by Goethe’s Faust (Part I, 1808; Part II, 1832). Brand concerns a pastor who preaches duty over love and whose wife and son die because of his hard-heartedness; the play ends with Pastor Brand killed in an avalanche, as a booming voice off-stage cries out “God is Love” (a Biblical quotation, from 1 John 4:8). Peer Gynt draws on Scandinavian myths and folk tales; the protagonist, Peer, wanders around the world, indulges his whims, seduces women, consorts with the Troll King, and hopes to become Emperor of the World. From the Troll King, he learns the motto “To thy own self be—enough.” Both plays turn on the conflicts between duty and pleasure, or duty and love, or duty to others and duty to oneself, which would also underlie Ibsen’s later plays. These major poetic dramas, filled with larger-than-life characters, mythical elements, and supernatural intervention, inspired later symbolist and avant-garde playwrights, but Ibsen himself turned quite suddenly to writing essentially realist prose dramas about modern life, of which A Doll’s House (1879) and Ghosts (1881) were the first major successes. They coincided with the height of the naturalist movement, and shared some of the qualities advocated by Emile Zola and August Strindberg, although Ibsen did not share the naturalists’ scientific worldview. His turn to prose coincided with his departure from Italy for Germany, where he lived for twenty years. Elements of melodrama and the well-made play remain even as late as Hedda Gabler (1890), the last of Ibsen’s realist plays, published at the height of his fame and performed all across Europe in the last decade of the nineteenth century. Ibsen returned to Norway in 1891. His next play, The Master Builder (1892), initiated Ibsen’s turn from psychological realism to a renewed exploration of symbolism and the unconscious mind. Ibsen’s mysticism displayed itself still more openly in his final work, When We Dead Awaken (1899. His late works inspired the new interest in dreams, ghosts, and symbols that shaped avant-garde theater in the twentieth century, from Strindberg to the expressionists and absurdists. Thus, while best known in England for his realist works, Ibsen also served as an inspiration to the anti-naturalist modern theater of Europe, through his early romantic and late symbolist plays. The realism of A Doll’s House and Hedda Gabler is only one aspect of his accomplishment, one that shows modern theater as the attempt to represent the tragedy of modern life. [2] ↑ Quoted in Richard Gilman, The Making of Modern Drama (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1974), p. 49. ↑ This page has been adapted from Pericles Lewis's Cambridge Introduction to Modernism (Cambridge UP, 2007), pp.180-181, 183.


Which 1955 film was withdrawn from the Venice Film Festival when the US Ambassador to Italy, Clare Booth Luce, refused to attend because the film gave too alarming an impression of conditions in US schools?

Introduction   In 1955, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released a controversial film about juvenile delinquency entitled Blackboard Jungle. 1 Set in an integrated slum high school, the picture told the story of Jack Dadier, a returning World War II veteran assigned the task of transforming a band of unruly, knife-wielding teenagers into model students. 2 Though Dadier succeeds with the help of a young Sidney Poitier, Georgia Governor Ernest Vandiver used the movie as a negative symbol of what integrated schools would become in a speech to state legislators in 1960, arguing that if schools were forced to integrate as required under Brown, "an environment of switchblade knives, marijuana, stabbings, rapes, violence and blackboard jungles" would emerge across the South. 3 Interested in proving this to be true, United States Representative and future Mississippi Governor John Bell Williams organized a formal inquiry into delinquency in desegregated schools in Washington, D.C., concluding that integration heightened racial tension and accelerated juvenile crime. 4 Though historians have documented the moral panic surrounding juvenile delinquency in the 1950s, few have chosen to look at intersections between discourses of delinquency and desegregation at mid-century. 5 Yet, such intersections cast new light on at least three important aspects of the constitutional history of the period. One, they help show why Thurgood Marshall decided to focus on arguably dubious sociological arguments about child psychology in Brown v. Board of Education. 6 Two, they suggest that popular culture became bound up in the constitutional politics of the time, as both ...     If you are interested in obtaining a lexis.com® ID and Password, please contact us at 1-(800)-227-4908 or visit us at http://www.lexisnexis.com/ . Search Documents


Who led the mutiny on HMS Bounty on 28 April 1789?

Mutiny on the HMS Bounty - Apr 28, 1789 - HISTORY.com Mutiny on the HMS Bounty Share this: Mutiny on the HMS Bounty Author Mutiny on the HMS Bounty URL Publisher A+E Networks Three weeks into a journey from Tahiti to the West Indies, the HMS Bounty is seized in a mutiny led by Fletcher Christian, the master’s mate. Captain William Bligh and 18 of his loyal supporters were set adrift in a small, open boat, and the Bounty set course for Tubuai south of Tahiti. In December 1787, the Bounty left England for Tahiti in the South Pacific, where it was to collect a cargo of breadfruit saplings to transport to the West Indies. There, the breadfruit would serve as food for slaves. After a 10-month journey, the Bounty arrived in Tahiti in October 1788 and remained there for more than five months. On Tahiti, the crew enjoyed an idyllic life, reveling in the comfortable climate, lush surroundings, and the famous hospitality of the Tahitians. Fletcher Christian fell in love with a Tahitian woman named Mauatua. On April 4, 1789, the Bounty departed Tahiti with its store of breadfruit saplings. On April 28, near the island of Tonga, Christian and 25 petty officers and seamen seized the ship. Bligh, who eventually would fall prey to a total of three mutinies in his career, was an oppressive commander and insulted those under him. By setting him adrift in an overcrowded 23-foot-long boat in the middle of the Pacific, Christian and his conspirators had apparently handed him a death sentence. By remarkable seamanship, however, Bligh and his men reached Timor in the East Indies on June 14, 1789, after a voyage of about 3,600 miles. Bligh returned to England and soon sailed again to Tahiti, from where he successfully transported breadfruit trees to the West Indies. Meanwhile, Christian and his men attempted to establish themselves on the island of Tubuai. Unsuccessful in their colonizing effort, the Bounty sailed north to Tahiti, and 16 crewmen decided to stay there, despite the risk of capture by British authorities. Christian and eight others, together with six Tahitian men, a dozen Tahitian women, and a child, decided to search the South Pacific for a safe haven. In January 1790, the Bounty settled on Pitcairn Island, an isolated and uninhabited volcanic island more than 1,000 miles east of Tahiti. The mutineers who remained on Tahiti were captured and taken back to England where three were hanged. A British ship searched for Christian and the others but did not find them. In 1808, an American whaling vessel was drawn to Pitcairn by smoke from a cooking fire. The Americans discovered a community of children and women led by John Adams, the sole survivor of the original nine mutineers. According to Adams, after settling on Pitcairn the colonists had stripped and burned the Bounty, and internal strife and sickness had led to the death of Fletcher and all the men but him. In 1825, a British ship arrived and formally granted Adams amnesty, and he served as patriarch of the Pitcairn community until his death in 1829. In 1831, the Pitcairn islanders were resettled on Tahiti, but unsatisfied with life there they soon returned to their native island. In 1838, the Pitcairn Islands, which includes three nearby uninhabited islands, was incorporated into the British Empire. By 1855, Pitcairn’s population had grown to nearly 200, and the two-square-mile island could not sustain its residents. In 1856, the islanders were removed to Norfolk Island, a former penal colony nearly 4,000 miles to the west. However, less than two years later, 17 of the islanders returned to Pitcairn, followed by more families in 1864. Today, around 40 people live on Pitcairn Island, and all but a handful are descendants of the Bounty mutineers. About a thousand residents of Norfolk Island (half its population) trace their lineage from Fletcher Christian and the eight other Englishmen. Related Videos


"""He was a lion on the field"" is an example of what?"

Lion and Lamb as Metaphors of Divine-Human Relationships | Bible.org Lion and Lamb as Metaphors of Divine-Human Relationships Related Media The characteristics of the lion and the lamb form a vivid contrast of expectations when used metaphorically. While the lion is known for its strength and ferocity, the lamb is regarded as a gentle and dependent creature. Nevertheless, both are at times associated with the person and work of God. This study entails a study of pertinent biblical texts, which portray the Lord in these two metaphors, with special attention to their culmination in the person and work of Christ. THE LION In the Ancient Near East. Because of the well-known characteristics of lions, they were of special interest to a broad spectrum of people across the ancient Near East and Africa. 1 Due to the lion’s power and boldness, lions were often hunted for sport, especially by the Assyrian kings. 2 Some captured lions were even kept in captivity (cf. e.g., Dan. 6:7). 3 Indeed, The “ keeping of lions in captivity in ancient Mesopotamia is well attested in in the inscriptions and stone reliefs of the Assyrian kings, who used to let them out of their cages to hunt them down” 4 and, “The Assyrian king Ashurnasipal II (ca. 883-859 B.C.) is reported to have maintained a breeding farm for lions at Nimrud, while in Egypt Ramses II (ca. 1290-1224 B.C.) supposedly had a pet lion that he took into battle. 5 Representations and carved statues of lions could be found at important public places. 6 City gates were especially suitable for such displays. Particularly noteworthy were the lion figures at Nebuchadnezzar II’s famed Ishtar Gate in Babylon, 7 before which lay a processional way, “decorated with figures of lions in enameled brick.” 8 Noteworthy also were the “two mighty lions of basalt, inscribed with a record of warfare,” which Shalmaneser III placed at the south gate of Til Barsip following his conquest of the city. 9 Temples, palaces and thrones could also be adorned with lion figures and statues. 10 A fine example is Tiglath Pileser III’s palace at Kalhu where, “Lions and bull colossi, whose figures were wrought with extreme cunning, clothed with power, were set up in the entrance for a wonder.” 11 Kings apparently were fascinated with the prowess of the lion. Accordingly, they often depicted themselves as possessing lion-like qualities. Thus Adad Nirari II of Assyria (911-891 B.C.) declared, “I am powerful, I am all powerful, I am brilliant, I am lion-brave, I am manly, I am supreme, I am noble.” 12 Similarly Assur-nasir-pal II (883-859 B.C.) boldly proclaims, “I am lion-brave, and I am heroic! Assur-n™sir-pal, the mighty king, the king of Assyria, chosen of Sin, favorite Anu, beloved of Adad, mighty one among the gods, I am the merciless weapon that strikes down the land of his enemies.” 13 The Hittite king Hattusilis I likewise says of his son and successor Muršiliš “You must enthrone him. […] In place of the lion, [the god will set up only] (another) lion.” 14 Even the gods were at times compared to lions. Thus the Egyptian god Amun-Re is portrayed as a lion who “loves his possessions!” 15 The Canaanite death god Mot is described metaphorically as a voracious beast with a “throat of a lion.” 16 In the Old Testament. With this brief survey of the ubiquity of the lion imagery in the ancient Near East in view, it may be expected that the lion would also appear in the literature of the Old Testament. Such an expectation is amply rewarded. Indeed, the same images of ferocity and strength evoked in association with the use of the lion in the literature of the ancient Near East may be seen in the Old Testament. Many different Hebrew words for lion were used, often to depict lion-like qualities in human beings, especially warriors and kings, but even whole nations. Lion-like qualities in human beings could be presented both negatively and positively. Thus wicked individuals were at times compared to lions roaring after their prey and tearing them apart. Accordingly, David prays to the Lord for deliverance from wicked men s


What is the name of the statue that was unveiled in October 1886, on Bedloe Island?

Liberty Island Chronology - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) Liberty Island Chronology Early History A.D. 994 Native Americans begin to inhabit the land that is now Liberty Island. This island is one of the three "Oyster Islands" in New York Harbor, for the numerous shell beds in this location and a major source of food. 1609 Henry Hudson lands in New York Harbor and the Hudson River estuary. Europeans begin to colonize the area which includes the Oyster Islands. Occupation, war, and disease during colonization force the Native Americans to move both north and west. 1667 Isaac Bedloe, a Dutch colonist, obtains a colonial land grant for this Oyster Island. 1669 Colonial Governor Francis Lovelace confirms Bedloe's ownership of the island on the condition that it is renamed Love Island. 1673 Bedloe dies, Governor Lovelace is overthrown by the Dutch navy, and Love Island is renamed Bedloe's Island. 1674 The English take over Bedloe's Island. 1732 Mary Bedloe Smith (Isaac's widow) sells Bedloe's Island to Adolph Philipse and Henry Lane, New York merchants, to get out of bankruptcy. 1738 New York City takes possession of the island, using it as a quarantine station, inspecting incoming ships for contamination and disease. 1746 Archibald Kennedy (later 11th Earl of Cassiles) purchases the island and establishes a summer residence. 1755-1757 Bedloe's Island is reestablished as a quarantine station due to the outbreak of smallpox. 1758 Ownership of Bedloe's Island is again granted to New York City. 1759-1760 A hospital is constructed on Bedloe's Island. 1772-1776 During the American Revolution, the island is used as an asylum for Tory sympathizers (American colonists loyal to Great Britain during the war). 1776 Colonial insurgents lay siege Bedloe's Island and burn its buildings. 1784 The New York state legislature passes an act once again making the island a quarantine station. 1793-1796 The French (allies of the Patriots during the war) use Bedloe's Island as an isolation station. 1794 After the events of the American Revolution, and the rising tensions between the United States, England, and France, federal dollars are appropriated to construct fortifications on Bedloe's Island. 1807 The United States Army administers Bedloe's Island as a military post until 1937. Construction on the "Works on Bedloe's Island," later known as Fort Wood, begins. The 11-point star fort aids in the protection of the New York Harbor. It is garrisoned with artillery and infantry until the outbreak of the Civil War. 1811 The "Works on Bedloe's Island" is completed. 1814 The "Works on Bedloe's Island," is renamed Fort Wood by New York Governor Daniel D. Tompkins in the memory of Eleazer D. Wood, an army hero killed in action at Fort Erie. 1834 An interstate agreement between New York and New Jersey places Bedloe's Island (the land above low level water mark) within New York while New Jersey retains riparian rights to waters and all submerged land surrounding the island. 1861 The United States Civil War begins and Fort Wood serves as a recruiting station and ordinance depot. A small garrison is maintained at the fort. 1877 The garrison at Fort Wood is disbanded. However, the United States Army continues to supervise an ordnance post (and remains active) on Bedloe's Island until 1937. Bedloe's Island is designated as the site for the Statue of Liberty.   Bartholdi in his studio, Vavin Street, Paris, 1892 National park service, statue of liberty NM The Origins of the Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty is more than a monument; she is a beloved friend and living symbol of freedom to millions of people worldwide. 1865 Edouard de Laboulaye, a French political intellectual and authority on the U.S. Constitution, proposes that France give a statue representing liberty to the United States for its centennial. The recent Union victory in the American Civil War reaffirms the United States' ideals of freedom and democracy, serving as a platform for Laboulaye to argue that honoring the United States would strengthen the cause


What is the capital of the province of Ontario, Canada?

Capital Cities of Canada Capital Cities of Canada Toronto, Halifax and Yellowknife are among Canada's provincial capitals Ottawa Parkway Heading Downtown.  Dennis McColeman / Photographer's Choice / Getty Images By Susan Munroe Updated October 18, 2016. Canada has 10 provinces and three territories, each of which has its own capital. From Charlottetown and Halifax in the east to Toronto and Winnipeg in the center, to Yellowknife in the north and Victoria in the west, each of Canada’s capital cities has its own unique identity. The nation's capital is Ottawa, which was incorporated in 1855 and gets its name from the Algonquin word for trade. Ottawa's archaeological sites point to an indigenous population that lived there for centuries before Europeans discovered the area. Between the 17th century and 19th century, the Ottawa River was the primary route for the Montreal fur trade. By 1830, Ottawa was a major supplier of timber to Britain, and the Grand Trunk Railway secured the city's status as the country's capital.  Ottawa is home to a number of post-secondary, research and cultural institutions, including the National Arts Centre and the National Gallery.   Read on for more about the capital cities of Canada's provinces and territories. Edmonton, Alberta Edmonton , on the North Saskatchewan River, is the northernmost of Canada’s large cities and is frequently referred to as the Gateway to the North, due to its road, rail, and air transportation links.  Indigenous people inhabited Edmonton area for centuries before Europeans arrived. It’s believed that one of the first Europeans to explore the area was Anthony Henday, who visited in 1754 on behalf of the Hudson’s Bay Company. Henday sought to establish fur trading with Edmonton’s indigenous people. Fort Edmonton, named for Edmonton, London in England, was established in 1795 along the river’s northern banks.  The Canadian Pacific Railway, which arrived in Edmonton in 1885, was a boon for the local economy, bringing new arrivals from Canada, the United States, and Europe to the area. Edmonton was incorporated as a town in 1892, and later as a city in 1904. It became the capital of the newly-formed province of Alberta a year later.  Modern-day Edmonton has evolved into a city with a wide range of cultural, sporting and tourist attractions, and is the host of more than two dozen festivals each year. Most of Edmonton's population works in the service and trade industries as well as in the municipal, provincial and federal governments. Victoria, British Columbia Named after the English queen, Victoria is the capital city of the province of British Columbia. Victoria is a gateway to the Pacific Rim, is close to American markets, and has many sea and air links that make it a business hub. With the mildest climate in Canada, Victoria is known for its gardens and has a large retiree population. Its metropolitan area is the 15th largest in Canada. Before Europeans arrived in western Canada in the 1700s, Victoria was inhabited by indigenous Coastal Salish people and the native Songhees, who still have a large presence in the area. Juan Perez of Spain visited in 1774, and James Cook of England arrived in 1778. Fort Victoria was established by Hudson’s Bay trader James Douglas in 1841, although it was known as Fort Albert until 1843. Douglas became the first governor of British Columbia in 1858.  Victoria became the capital of British Columbia when the province joined the Canadian Confederation in 1871. The focus of downtown Victoria is the inner harbor, which features the Parliament Buildings and the historic Fairmont Empress Hotel. Victoria also is home to the University of Victoria and Royal Roads University, as well as several other smaller colleges.  Winnipeg, Manitoba Located at the geographical center of Canada, Winnipeg’s name is a Cree word meaning “muddy water.” Indigenous people inhabited Winnipeg well before the first French explorers arrived in 1738. Winnipeg was incorporated as a city in 1873 and is now the eighth-largest city in Canada. Named for nearby Lake Winnipeg,


What name was given to the architectural style adopted in Britain from 1714 to 1820 largely due to the influence of Sir Christopher Wren?

American Architecture: Origins, History, Characteristics American Architecture Statue of Liberty , New York Harbor. (1886). Arguably the most iconic example of American art in existence. Sculpted by the Frenchman Bartholdi, its pedestal was designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt. Notice the use of Classical elements, such as Doric columns, intended to be visible but not so as to divert attention from the statue itself. For the meaning of architectural terminology, please see: The origin design by William Thornton called for a large neoclassical building with large wings and a dominant dome. When still uncompleted it was burned by the British in 1814. Latrobe was hired to restore it, and in doing so reworked it, especially inside. Colonial Architecture     (c.1600-1720) The architecture used by the first settlers in North America is traditionally known as Colonial architecture. (See also: American     Colonial Art .) This early architecture was as diverse as the settlers     themselves, who included Spanish, English, Scots-Irish, Dutch, German,     French and Swedish. Each group of immigrants brought with them the style     and building practices of their mother country, adapting it to the conditions     of their new homeland, as exemplified by the North European medieval Gothic     design for village houses and barns. In all, there were about seven basic     colonial designs, including: (1) Spanish colonial architecture - largely based on Spanish Baroque     architecture - which was the earliest style to appear in America,     and extended across Florida, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona and California,     from the mid-16th century onwards. (2) New England colonial architecture,     characterized by oak frames and clapboard siding, and based on English     models. (3) Dutch colonial architecture, which employed more stone     and brick, and was based on prototypes in Flanders and Holland. (4) Swedish     colonial, seen along the lower Delaware River, from which was derived     the American 'log cabin' design, characterized by round logs with protruding     ends. (5) Pennsylvania colonial, founded on English prototypes,     which swiftly morphed into a sophisticated Georgian-type style. (6) French     colonial architecture, which emerged in the northern Maritime Provinces     in Canada, Quebec and the St. Lawrence Valley. The French also introduced     the so-called Quebec style to their settlements around the Great     Lakes and the Mississippi region. Down in the deep south, another distinctive     French building style was prevalent in Louisiana and its capital New Orleans.     (7) Southern colonial, typically involving brick-built structures     with large projecting chimneys, which sprang up throughout Virginia and     the Carolinas.     Georgian Architecture     in America (c.1700-1770) During the 18th century, up until the American     Revolution, the basic architectural style (or more accurately 'styles')     used in the English colonies in America was labelled Georgian,     after the three English Monarchs George I, II, and III. American Georgian     architecture encompassed three distinct styles: (1) The Baroque idiom of Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723)     and his followers. (2) The Palladian style of Renaissance     architecture invented by the designer Andrea     Palladio (1508-80), which introduced the balanced and symmetrical     features for which Georgian designs are famous. (3) The Neoclassical style - a reversion to Greek and Roman architectural principles - which     came into fashion in the second half of the 18th century. See below for     more details. Examples of Georgian architecture in America include: Independence     Hall, Philadelphia (1745), and King's Chapel, Boston (1750). The most     famous Georgian building, however, must be The White House at 1600 Pennsylvania     Avenue, Washington DC. A Geo


What is the Australian English word that means a small lake, such as is formed when the path of a creek or river changes, leaving a dead end?

Australian slang dictionary Apples, she'll be : It'll be all right Arvo : afternoon Aussie salute : brushing away flies with the hand Avos : avocados B & S : Bachelors' and Spinsters' Ball - a very enjoyable party usually held in rural areas Back of Bourke : a very long way away Bail (somebody) up : to corner somebody physically Bail out : depart, usually angrily Banana bender : a person from Queensland Barbie : barbecue (noun) Barrack : to cheer on (football team etc.) Bastard : term of endearment Battler : someone working hard and only just making a living Beaut, beauty : great, fantastic Big Smoke : a big city, especially Sydney or Melbourne Big-note oneself : brag, boast Bikkie : biscuit (also "it cost big bikkies" - it was expensive) Billabong : an oxbow lake cut off by a change in the watercourse. Billabongs are usually formed when the course of a creek or river changes, leaving the former branch with a dead end. Billy : teapot. Container for boiling water. Bingle : motor vehicle accident Bitzer : mongrel dog (bits of this and bits of that) Bizzo : business ("mind your own bizzo") Black Stump, beyond the : a long way away, the back of nowhere Bloke : man, guy Bloody : very (bloody hard yakka) Bloody oath! : that's certainly true Blow in the bag : have a breathalyser test Blowie : blow fly Bludger : lazy person, layabout, somebody who always relies on other people to do things or lend him things Blue : fight ("he was having a blue with his wife") Blue, make a : make a mistake Bluey : pack, equipment, traffic ticket, redhead Bluey : blue cattle dog (named after its subtle markings) which is an excellent working dog. Everyone's favourite all-Aussie dog. Bluey : heavy wool or felt jacket worn by mining and construction workers. Bluey : bluebottle jellyfish Bog in : commence eating, to attack food with enthusiasm Bog standard : basic, unadorned, without accessories (a bog standard car, telephone etc.) Bogan : person who takes little pride in his appearance, spends his days slacking and drinking beer Bogged : Stuck in mud, deep sand (a vehicle). Boil-over : an unexpected (sporting) result Bondi cigar : see "brown-eyed mullet" Bonzer : great, ripper Boogie board : a hybrid, half-sized surf board Boomer : a large male kangaroo Booze bus : police vehicle used for catching drunk drivers Boozer : a pub Bored shitless : very bored Bottle shop : liquor shop Bottle-o : liquor shop (originally a man with hessian bags going around picking up beer bottles in the 50's and 60's) Bottler : something excellent Bottling, his blood's worth : he's an excellent, helpful bloke. Bounce : a bully Bourke Street, he doesn't know Christmas from : he's a bit slow in the head. (Bourke Street is a brightly lit Melbourne street) Bowl of rice, not my : not my cup of tea; I don't like it Brass razoo, he hasn't got a : he's very poor Brekkie : breakfast Brick shit house, built like a : big strong bloke Brickie : bricklayer Brisvegas : Brisbane, state capital of Queensland Brizzie : Brisbane, state capital of Queensland Brown-eyed mullet : a turd in the sea (where you're swimming!) Brumby : a wild horse Buck's night : stag party, male gathering the night before the wedding Buckley's, Buckley's chance : no chance ("New Zealand stands Buckley's of beating Australia at football") Budgie smugglers : men's bathing costume Bull bar : stout bar fixed to the front of a vehicle to protect it against hitting kangaroos (also roo bar) Bundy : short for Bundaberg, Queensland, and the brand of rum that's made there Bunyip : mythical outback creature Bush : the hinterland, the Outback, anywhere that isn't in town Bush bash : long competitive running or motorcar race through the bush Bush oyster : nasal mucus Bush telly : campfire Bushie : someone who lives in the Bush Bushman's hanky : Emitting nasal mucus by placing one index finger on the outside of the nose (thus blocking one nostril) and blowing. Bushranger : highwayman, outlaw Butcher : small glass of beer in South Australia - From the theory that a butcher could take a quick break from his job, have a drink and


What is the only venomous lizard native to the USA?

Venombyte.com - Venomous Lizards of the United States Venomous Links VENOMOUS LIZARDS OF THE UNITED STATES Let me start by saying that I am not a herpetologist.  This page is designed to list the venomous lizards of the United States, but should in no way be considered an authoritative list. This page was compiled from information in the public domain, and has not been reviewed by a herpetologist. There is only one species of venomous lizard that is native to the United States, which is  the species Heloderma suspectum, commonly referred to as the Gila Monster. There are two subspecies that exist: Reticulated Gila Monster - Heloderma suspectum suspectum The Gila Monster is a protected species. It is named after the Gila Basin in Arizona. There are many myths about the Gila Monster, but there are just as many interesting and unique facts about them as well. Myths: The Gila Monster is immortal The breath of the Gila Monster is toxic The Gila Monster can leap several feet into the air If bitten by a Gila Monster, it will not let go until the sun sets or until it hears thunder The Gila Monster has no anus, and it's digestive waste is secreted via it's mouth, which is what makes the Gila Monster venomous The Gila Monster is the only lizard with a forked tongue. Facts: The Gila Monster is the United State's only species of venomous lizard, and is one of only two species of venomous lizards in the world. The Gila Monster is the slowest lizard in the United States, although it can strike quickly. The Gila Monster is the largest lizard native to the United States. The Gila Monster does not inject venom with fangs like a snake. For more information on the Gila Monster, please visit the sites below.


What is the former name of Helsinki, Finland?

Visit Helsinki : City of Helsinki’s official website for tourism and travel information | Visithelsinki.fi is the city of Helsinki’s official website for tourism and travel information. Elsewhere in the web


"Who created the English aviator ""Biggles""?"

32nd Review- Biggles Recounts 1: The Falklands War - Daniel Chauvin - AviationBookReviews.Com Biggles Recounts 1: The Falklands War 48 pg. 90-75388-52-7 Biggles is the nickname of Captain James Bigglesworth. He was created by the pen of British author William Earl Johns, who was both an aviator and a writer. Biggles proved to be very popular and Johns wrote over 100 Biggles books during the course of his life. His first Biggles book was published in 1932, […] Biggles is the nickname of Captain James Bigglesworth. He was created by the pen of British author William Earl Johns, who was both an aviator and a writer. Biggles proved to be very popular and Johns wrote over 100 Biggles books during the course of his life. His first Biggles book was published in 1932, and his last more than 30 years later. In the sixties the publishing rights around the Biggles character came free which resulted in a mushrooming of Biggles publications by various writers. So many of these have been translated into many different languages. It is therefore difficult to get a handle on just how many Biggles publications there are out there. If you are interested in seeing a snippet of a Biggles film which came out in 1985 go to YouTube: type in Biggles: Adventures in time part 1, and then go to part 10). Biggles was born in India in 1899, but because of an illness, his father sent him to boarding school in England. He learned to fly in the early days of WWI. Between the two World Wars, he travels all over the world, where he has some exciting adventures with his friends: Commodore Raymond, the Honourable Algernon Lacey (Algy), Ginger Hebblethwaite (Lissie) and Lord Bertram (Bertie). At this point he is a secret agent at Scotland Yard. He also has its own airline called Biggles & Co. Again and again in his adventures he runs into his old arch enemy, Erich von Stalhein. In World War II he acts again as a pilot for the Royal Air Force (RAF). After the war he experiences many exciting adventures but finally chooses to bury the hatchet between himself and von Stalhein. In the post World War II years, he becomes a flying detective for Scotland Yard and his latest adventures take place in the nineteen fifties. What stands out in all the Biggles comic books are the beautiful coloured covers and drawings. The comics I’ve read, including this ‘The Battle of the Falklands’ (translated’ from ‘The Falklands War’), are interesting because they are based on lots of historical facts, but are presented in a light manner. The comic strip ‘The battle for the Falklands’ provides many points of recognition with ‘Vulcan 607′ and ‘Harrier over the Falklands’. The strip itself is pretty easy to read and has usually about 4 or 8 drawings per page. The result is … a story that is entertaining and which reads quickly! Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biggles (English wiki-page of ‘Biggles’) Leave a Reply


Who became the King of Spain on 22 November 1975, two days after the death of Francisco Franco?

Juan Carlos | king of Spain | Britannica.com king of Spain Alternative Title: Juan Carlos Alfonso Victor María de Borbón Y Borbón Juan Carlos Juan Carlos Alfonso Victor María de Borbón Y Borbón born Hernán Cortés, marqués del Valle de Oaxaca Juan Carlos, in full Juan Carlos Alfonso Victor María de Borbón y Borbón (born January 5, 1938, Rome , Italy ), king of Spain from 1975 to 2014. He acceded to the Spanish throne two days after the death of Francisco Franco . Juan Carlos was instrumental in Spain’s peaceful transition to democracy . Juan Carlos, 2005. Carlos Alvarez/Getty Images Juan Carlos was the grandson of the last king, Alfonso XIII , who left Spain in 1931 and died in exile 10 years later, after renouncing his rights in favour of his third son, Juan Carlos Teresa Silverio Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg, conde de Barcelona (1913–93), popularly known as Don Juan. (Alfonso’s eldest son had been killed in an automobile accident, and his second son renounced his rights in 1933 for medical reasons.) Don Juan married María de las Mercedes de Borbón y Orleans, and their elder son was Juan Carlos. Juan Carlos spent his early years in Italy and first came to Spain in 1947 for his education. After his father suggested in 1945 that Franco should step down as leader of the country and generally began opposing Falangist policies, Franco turned with increasing interest to Juan Carlos and his education, especially his military education. In 1955 Juan Carlos entered the General Military Academy at Zaragoza and later attended the Naval Military School at Marín in Pontevedra, the General Academy of the Air at San Javier in Murcia , and the University of Madrid . Juan Carlos was married in Athens on May 14, 1962, to Princess Sophia of Greece, daughter of King Paul . They had two daughters, Elena and Cristina, and a son, Felipe . A 1947 Francoist law abolished the republic and established Spain as a “representative monarchy,” though throughout the rest of Franco’s lifetime Spain remained without a ruling monarch. On July 22, 1969, Franco presented to the Cortes (parliament) a law designating Juan Carlos the future king of Spain. The move was facilitated by two events: in December 1968 the Carlist pretender, Carlos Hugo de Borbón-Parma, had been expelled from the country; and on January 7, 1969, Juan Carlos said for the first time that he would accept the throne if offered (previously he had maintained that his father’s claim preceded his own). Although Juan Carlos swore loyalty to Franco’s National Movement in 1969, he demonstrated far more liberal and democratic principles after his accession to the throne on November 22, 1975, appointing reformist prime minister Adolfo Suárez in 1976 and encouraging the revival of political parties and amnesty for political prisoners. In 1981 Juan Carlos underscored his democratic credentials by taking swift action to deflate a military coup that threatened to topple Spain’s nascent democracy and return the government to Franconian reactionary lines; in doing so, he alienated the military sector but preserved the state of democracy that made possible the accession of a socialist government in late 1982. Also, a liberal divorce law was passed in 1981 and a law granting limited abortion rights in 1983. Britannica Stories


In 1434, Portuguese mariner Gil Eanes made a major breakthrough to obtain a reliable trade route to Western and Eastern Africa and India by finding a route around which cape?

Age of Discovery : definition of Age of Discovery and synonyms of Age of Discovery (English)   Cantino planisphere 1502, earliest surviving chart showing the explorations of Columbus to Central America, Corte-Real to Newfoundland, Gama to India and Cabral to Brazil. Tordesillas line depicted, Biblioteca Estense , Modena The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration and the Great Navigations, was a period in history starting in the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century during which Europeans engaged in intensive exploration of the world, establishing direct contact with Africa , the Americas , Asia and Oceania and mapping the planet. Historians often refer to the 'Age of Discovery' [1] [2] as the pioneer Portuguese and Spanish long-distance maritime travels in search of alternative trade routes to " the Indies ", moved by the trade of gold , silver and spices . [3] The Age of Discovery can be seen as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era , along with its contemporary Renaissance movement, triggering the early modern period and the rise of European nation-states . Accounts from distant lands and maps spread with the help of the new printing press fed the rise of humanism and worldly curiosity, ushering in a new age of scientific and intellectual inquiry. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires , with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the Columbian Exchange : a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves ), communicable diseases , and culture between the Eastern and Western hemispheres, in one of the most significant global events concerning ecology , agriculture , and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other, reaching the most remote boundaries much later. Contents George III The Portuguese began systematically exploring the Atlantic coast of Africa from 1418, under the sponsorship of Prince Henry . In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias reached the Indian Ocean by this route and in about the next thirty years most of the main discoveries would occur. In 1492, racing to find a trade route to Asia, the Spanish monarchs funded Christopher Columbus ’s plan to sail west to reach the Indies by crossing the Atlantic. He landed on an uncharted continent, then seen by Europeans as a new world , America. To prevent conflict between Portugal and Spain, the Treaty of Tordesillas was signed dividing the world into two regions of exploration, where each had exclusive rights to claim newly discovered lands. In 1498, a Portuguese expedition commanded by Vasco da Gama finally achieved the dream of reaching India by sailing around Africa, opening up direct trade with Asia. Soon, the Portuguese sailed further eastward, to the valuable spice islands in 1512, landing in China one year later. Thus, Europe first received news of eastern and western Pacific within a one year span around 1512. East and west exploration overlapped in 1522, when Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan led a Spanish expedition West, achieving the first circumnavigation of the world, while Spanish conquistadors explored inland the Americas, and later, some of the South Pacific islands. Since 1495, the French and English and, much later, the Dutch entered the race of exploration after learning of these exploits, defying the Iberian monopoly on maritime trade by searching for new routes, first to the north, and into the Pacific Ocean around South America, but eventually by following the Portuguese around Africa into the Indian Ocean ; discovering Australia in 1606, New Zealand in 1642, and Hawaii in 1778. Meanwhile, from the 1580s to the 1640s Russians explored and conquered almost the whole of Siberia .   Background   Medieval geography   Ptolemy's world map (2nd century) in a 15th century reconstruction European medieval knowledge about Asia beyond the reach of Byzantine Empire was sourced in partial reports, often obscured by legends, [


What is the name for an artificial feature creating extra turns in a roadway, used in motor racing and on city streets, to slow cars?

chicane (bridge hand) - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicane Chicane (disambiguation) may refer to the following: Chicane - a sequence of tight curves used to discourage excess speed | Chicane (recording artist), Nick Bracegirdle, British electronic music artist | Mark Winter, a New Zealand cartoonist with the pen name of Chicane (38 of 82 words, 3 definitions)


Which 17th century philosopher, mathematician, scientist, and writer invented the notation which uses superscripts to show powers or exponents (e.g. the 2 used in x to indicate squaring)?

The 100 Greatest Mathematicians Early Vedic mathematicians The greatest mathematics before the Golden Age of Greece was in India's early Vedic (Hindu) civilization. The Vedics understood relationships between geometry and arithmetic, developed astronomy, astrology, calendars, and used mathematical forms in some religious rituals. The earliest mathematician to whom definite teachings can be ascribed was Lagadha, who apparently lived about 1300 BC and used geometry and elementary trigonometry for his astronomy. Baudhayana lived about 800 BC and also wrote on algebra and geometry; Yajnavalkya lived about the same time and is credited with the then-best approximation to π. Apastambha did work summarized below; other early Vedic mathematicians solved quadratic and simultaneous equations. Other early cultures also developed some mathematics. The ancient Mayans apparently had a place-value system with zero before the Hindus did; Aztec architecture implies practical geometry skills. Ancient China certainly developed mathematics, though little written evidence survives prior to Chang Tshang's famous book. Thales of Miletus (ca 624 - 546 BC) Greek domain Thales was the Chief of the "Seven Sages" of ancient Greece, and has been called the "Father of Science," the "Founder of Abstract Geometry," and the "First Philosopher." Thales is believed to have studied mathematics under Egyptians, who in turn were aware of much older mathematics from Mesopotamia. Thales may have invented the notion of compass-and-straightedge construction. Several fundamental theorems about triangles are attributed to Thales, including the law of similar triangles (which Thales used famously to calculate the height of the Great Pyramid) and "Thales' Theorem" itself: the fact that any angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle. (The other "theorems" were probably more like well-known axioms, but Thales proved Thales' Theorem using two of his other theorems; it is said that Thales then sacrificed an ox to celebrate what might have been the very first mathematical proof!) Thales noted that, given a line segment of length x, a segment of length x/k can be constructed by first constructing a segment of length kx. Thales was also an astronomer; he invented the 365-day calendar, introduced the use of Ursa Minor for finding North, invented the gnomonic map projection (the first of many methods known today to map (part of) the surface of a sphere to a plane, and is the first person believed to have correctly predicted a solar eclipse. His theories of physics would seem quaint today, but he seems to have been the first to describe magnetism and static electricity. Aristotle said, "To Thales the primary question was not what do we know, but how do we know it." Thales was also a politician, ethicist, and military strategist. It is said he once leased all available olive presses after predicting a good olive season; he did this not for the wealth itself, but as a demonstration of the use of intelligence in business. Thales' writings have not survived and are known only second-hand. Since his famous theorems of geometry were probably already known in ancient Babylon, his importance derives from imparting the notions of mathematical proof and the scientific method to ancient Greeks. Thales' student and successor was Anaximander, who is often called the "First Scientist" instead of Thales: his theories were more firmly based on experimentation and logic, while Thales still relied on some animistic interpretations. Anaximander is famous for astronomy, cartography and sundials, and also enunciated a theory of evolution, that land species somehow developed from primordial fish! Anaximander's most famous student, in turn, was Pythagoras. (The methods of Thales and Pythagoras led to the schools of Plato and Euclid, an intellectual blossoming unequaled until Europe's Renaissance. For this reason Thales may belong on this list for his historical importance despite his relative lack of mathematical achievements.) Apastambha (ca 630-560 BC) India The Dharmasutra composed by Apas


The ozone molecule is made up of three atoms of which gas?

Introduction to Ozone: Background Material Introduction to Ozone This section provides an overview of ozone and why it is considered to     be 'bad' when found in the troposphere, and 'good' when found in the stratosphere.     Ozone has the same chemical structure whether it is found in the stratosphere     or troposphere. The general concepts found in this section include the     following: Ozone is a form of oxygen. The molecule contains three oxygen atoms      ( .) Ozone is unstable and will readily combine with other atoms. Ozone is found in the stratosphere, where it blocks the sun's ultraviolet      (UV) waves and prevents them from reaching the earth's surface. Ozone is also found in the troposphere, where it can damage living      tissue and human-produced objects. It is generated both from certain      types of pollution and natural sources. This section includes four classroom activities. Introduction The Ozone Hole. The Ozone Hoax. Pollution. Skin Cancer. The topic of ozone  makes headlines on a regular basis, but why does a single molecule merit such  media coverage? How important is the ozone in our atmosphere and why are scientists  so concerned about its increase near the surface of the earth and its disappearance  higher up in the atmosphere? First things first - what is ozone? Ozone is made of three oxygen atoms ( ).  The oxygen we find in our atmosphere is made up of two oxygen atoms ( ).  Because of its chemical formulation, a single atom of oxygen (O) is unstable.  That is, it wants to combine with something else. That is why oxygen is almost  always found in pairs, in its (diatomic) form, where it is more stable. is less stable than , because  it wants to return to the diatomic state by giving up an oxygen atom. When enough ozone molecules are present, it forms a pale blue gas. It is an  unstable molecule that readily combines with other atoms. Ozone has the same  chemical structure whether it is found in the stratosphere or the troposphere.  Where we find ozone in the atmosphere determines whether we consider it to be  Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde. In the troposphere, the ground-level or "bad" ozone  is an air pollutant that damages human health, vegetation, and many common materials.  It is a key ingredient of urban smog. In the stratosphere, we find the "good" ozone that protects life on earth from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet  rays. Electromagnectic Spectrum To understand how ozone is generated and the functions it serves in the earth's  atmosphere, it is important to know something about the electromagnetic spectrum  the energy emitted from the sun. Electromagnetic energy is sometimes  described as traveling in waves and sometimes as traveling in packets of energy  referred to as photons. Progressing from short wavelengths to long wavelengths, scientists  have identified gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light (between  400 and 700 nanometers), infrared radiation (heat), microwaves, and radio waves.  Short wavelengths have more energy per photon than long wavelengths. Ozone is constantly being formed in the earth's atmosphere by the action of  the sun's ultraviolet radiation on oxygen molecules. Ultraviolet light splits  the molecules apart by breaking the bonds between the atoms. A highly reactive  free oxygen atom then collides with another oxygen molecule to form an ozone  molecule. Because ozone is unstable, ultraviolet light quickly breaks it up,  and the process begins again. Ozone in the Stratosphere Ozone and oxygen molecules in the stratosphere absorb ultraviolet  light from the sun, providing a shield that prevents this radiation from passing  to the earth's surface. While both oxygen and ozone together absorb 95 to 99.9%  of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, only ozone effectively absorbs the most  energetic ultraviolet light, known as UV-C and UV-B, which causes biological  damage. The protective role of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere is so


Where was the Congress held in 1814-15, chiefly between Britain, France, Russia, Austria and Prussia, that adjusted frontiers after the fall of Napoleon?

history of Austria | Britannica.com History of Austria THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Partitions of Poland, 1772–95. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Expansion of the Austrian Habsburg domains until 1795. Adapted from Westermann Grosser Atlas zur Weltgeschichte; Georg Westermann Verlag, Braunschweig Austrian Empire, 1815–59. Westermann Grosser Atlas zur Weltgeschichte ; George Westrmann Verlag, Braunschweig Overview of the start of World War I, including details of the June 28, 1914, assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Learn about this topic in these articles:   in Treaty of Belgrade (1739) ...ill-defined frontiers between Russian-ruled Ukraine and the Ottoman-dominated Crimean Tatars provided the pretext in 1735 for a new Russian attempt to establish itself on the northern Black Sea. Austria entered the war as Russia’s ally in 1737. Because of military failures, however, Austria made a separate peace in September 1739, ceding northern Serbia (with Belgrade) and Little Walachia... in Treaty of Carlowitz ...that ended hostilities (1683–99) between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (Austria, Poland, Venice, and Russia) and transferred Transylvania and much of Hungary from Turkish control to Austrian. The treaty significantly diminished Turkish influence in east-central Europe and made Austria the dominant power there. in Erfurt Union Parliament (March 20–April 29, 1850), conference called by Prussia to form a union of German states headed jointly by Prussia and Austria. Opposed by Austria, the plan failed to win the adherence of the other large German states and had to be renounced by Prussia in the Punctation of Olmütz on November 29. in Convention of Gastein agreement between Austria and Prussia reached on Aug. 20, 1865, after their seizure of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein from Denmark in 1864; it temporarily postponed the final struggle between them for hegemony over Germany. The pact provided that both the emperor of Austria and the king of Prussia were to be sovereign over the duchies, Prussia administering Schleswig and Austria... in Holy Alliance a loose organization of most of the European sovereigns, formed in Paris on Sept. 26, 1815, by Alexander I of Russia, Francis I of Austria, and Frederick William III of Prussia when they were negotiating the Second Peace of Paris after the final defeat of Napoleon. The avowed purpose was to promote the influence of Christian principles in the affairs of nations. The alliance was inspired by... in Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi Facing defeat by the insurgent Muḥammad ʿAlī Pasha of Egypt, the Ottoman sultan Mahmud II, after his requests for assistance had been rejected by Austria, Great Britain, and France, accepted Russian military aid early in 1833. In return he concluded, at the village of Hünkâr İskelesi, near Istanbul (Constantinople), an eight-year treaty that proclaimed peace... in Congress of Laibach ...12, 1821), meeting of the Holy Alliance powers (all European rulers except those of Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and the papacy) at Laibach (now Ljubljana, Slovenia) that set the conditions for Austrian intervention in and occupation of the Two Sicilies in action against the Neapolitan revolution (July 1820). As such, it was a triumph for antiliberal Austrian policy, and also, because of... in Punctation of Olmütz (Nov. 29, 1850), agreement signed at Olmütz (Olomouc, Moravia, in modern Czech Republic) between Prussia and Austria that regulated those two powers’ relations. The development leading up to the punctation was triggered when the elector of Hesse in the autumn of 1850 appealed for help against his rebellious subjects; both Austria and Prussia sent troops in response, and these threatened to... in Treaty of Pressburg (Europe [1805]) (Dec. 26, 1805), agreement signed by Austria and France at Pressburg (now Bratislava, Slovakia) after Napoleon’s victories at Ulm and Austerlitz; it imposed severe terms on Austria. Austria gave up the following: all that it h