Who was the only female candidate in the 2010 Labour Party leadership contest?

Labour leadership: At-a-glance guide to the contenders - BBC News Labour leadership: At-a-glance guide to the contenders 12 September 2015 Image copyright Getty Images The candidates: Andy Burnham, Yvette Cooper, Jeremy Corbyn and Liz Kendall Key dates: Ballot papers will be sent out on 14 August; voting can take place by post or online. They must be returned by 10 September. The result is on 12 September Who can vote? All party members, registered supporters and affiliated supporters - including those joining via a union The voting system? The Alternative Vote system is being used so voters are asked to rank candidates in order of preference How does it work? If no candidate gets 50% of all votes cast, the candidate in fourth place is eliminated. Their second preference votes are then redistributed among the remaining three. If there is still no winner, the third place candidate is eliminated with their preferences redistributed. It is then a head-to-head between the last two candidates Andy Burnham Image copyright Getty Images The Labour MP for Leigh since 2001, Andy Burnham has plenty of government experience. He served as health secretary under Gordon Brown and previously as culture secretary and chief secretary to the Treasury. He stood for the leadership in 2010 but lost out to Ed Miliband, going on to hold the shadow health brief under Mr Miliband's leadership. Declaring his intention to stand, he said Labour must support the "aspirations of everyone". Mr Burnham says he'll widen Labour's appeal by taking the party out of the "Westminster bubble", with a vision to helping "everyone get on in life". Media captionAndy Burnham: Modern Labour 'couldn't have created NHS' He has also pledged to take a tougher line on opposition to the government's welfare reforms, following a split within the party over its stance not to oppose the welfare bill. Mr Burnham is married with three children. Before he entered politics he worked for a newspaper and a publishing company. Yvette Cooper Image copyright HoP Another former chief secretary to the Treasury - as well as a work and pensions minister under Gordon Brown - Yvette Cooper has been shadow home secretary for the past four years. A strong Commons performer, she has given Home Secretary Theresa May a hard time over matters including passport delays, border controls and extremism. She did not stand to succeed Mr Brown in 2010 - her husband Ed Balls did. Announcing her bid this time around, she said: "Our promise of hope wasn't strong enough to drown out the Tory and UKIP voices of fear. That's what we need to change." She says she has the "strength, experience and progressive ideas" that Labour needs to win again, promising a "stronger" economy and "fairer, less divided society". Media captionYvette Cooper rejects claims her campaign is "boring" She says she wants to combat child poverty, has pledged to campaign against government plans to limit future child tax credit to two children and to bring about a childcare and digital "revolution". Ms Cooper is married to former Labour shadow chancellor Ed Balls, and the couple have three children. She worked as a journalist prior to her political career. Jeremy Corbyn Image copyright Labour The veteran left-wing MP for Islington North entered the contest to get an "anti-austerity" voice into the debate on Labour's future. The 66-year-old told his local newspaper, the Islington Gazette, he had decided to stand in response to an "overwhelming" desire among Labour members for a "broader" range of candidates. After a last-minute scramble for nominations, he made it on to the ballot paper just before the deadline thanks to a number of MPs who did not want him to be leader "lending" him their nominations "to broaden the debate". Mr Corbyn, who is promising to protect public services and increase taxes on the wealthy, was seen as a rank outsider, but support for his candidacy has risen significantly - with one poll putting him in the lead. His campaign has received trade union backing, with Unite and Unison - Britain's two biggest unions -


Which is the only marine species where the male gives birth to the young?

Fish - Characteristics and Differences From Other Animals Fish Share By Jennifer Kennedy Fish - that word may conjure up a variety of images, from colorful animals swimming peacefully around a reef, to brightly-colored fish in an aquarium, to something white and flaky on your dinner plate. What is a fish? Here you can learn more about the characteristics of fish, and what sets them apart from other animals. Description: Fish come in a wide variety of colors, shapes and sizes - there's the largest fish , the 60+ foot long whale shark, popular seafood fish such as cod and tuna , and completely different-looking animals such as seahorses, sea dragons and pipefish. In all, about 20,000 species of marine fish have been identified. Fish Anatomy: Fish swim by flexing their bodies, forming waves of contractions along their muscles. These waves push water backward and move the fish forward. One of the most notable features of fish are their fins - many fish have a dorsal fin and anal fin (near the tail, on the underside of the fish) that provide stability. continue reading below our video Overview of the Fishes Group They may have one, two or even three dorsal fins. They may also have pectoral and pelvic (ventral) fins to help with propulsion and steering. They also have a caudal fin, or tail. Most fish have scales covered with a slimy mucus that helps protect them. They have three main types of scales: cycloid (roundish, thin and flat), ctenoid (scales that have tiny teeth on their edges) and ganoid (thick scales that are rhomboid in shape).  Fish have gills for breathing - the fish inhales water through its mouth, which passes over the gills, where hemoglobin in the fish's blood absorbs oxygen. Fish may also have a lateral line system, which detects movement in the water, and a swim bladder, which the fish uses for buoyancy. Learn more about fish anatomy . Fish Classification: Phylum: Chordata The fishes are divided into two superclasses: Gnathostomata, or vertebrates with jaws, and the Agnatha, or jawless fishes. Jawed fishes: Class Elasmobranchii, the elasmobranchs : sharks and rays, who have a skeleton made of cartilage Class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes : fish with skeletons made of bone, and spines in their fins (e.g., cod, bass, clownfish/anemonefish, seahorses) Class Holocephali, the chimaeras Class Sarcopterygii, the lobe-finned fish, the coelacanth and lungfishes. Jawless fishes: Class Myxini, the hagfishes Reproduction: With thousands of species, reproduction in fish can be remarkably different. There's the seahorse - the only species in which the male gives birth. And then there are species like cod, in which females release 3-9 million eggs into the water column. And then there are sharks . Some shark species are oviparous, meaning they lay eggs. Others are viviparous and give birth to live young. Within these live-bearing species, some have a placenta like human babies do, and others do not. Habitat and Distribution: Fish are distributed in a wide variety of habitats, both marine and freshwater, throughout the world. Fish have even been found as deep as 4.8 miles beneath the ocean surface.


Which car company manufactured the 'Renown' and 'Mayflower' models?

Triumph Mayflower, clasic British car of the 50's Return to Homepage Launch of the 20th Century Mayflower In 1949 the combined American production of passenger cars was 35.4 million, some 20 per cent more than in 1941. Impressive as these figures are, demand could not be met as car ownership was fast becoming a thing of the masses. One in three owners of 1946 cars, one in four owners of 1947 cars and one in seven owners of 1948 cars would go on to purchase a 1949 or 1950 model. America was an expanding market that the British motor manufacturers had to exploit. Ex-works prices of British cars for export to America were just a few pounds over material costs. On average the cost in labour per car was three or four pounds more than pre-war production. Strikes in the motor industry were common place and wages had virtually doubled to ï¿½9. 2s. 6d per week over the war period. The British motor industry was under immense pressure, especially when you consider the types of cars the US was producing at the time! The Labour Government's cry for increased productivity, despite difficulties and shortages of materials and supplies, was supported by the instruction to car manufacturers to go overseas as merchant venturers and become big dollar earners. Import licensing restrictions on goods from 38 designated countries (including Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and West Germany) with no, or little, risk of the loss of gold or dollars was relaxed for many motor accessory products. This included ashtrays, heaters, door handles, over-riders and bumpers, electric horns, rubber tyres and tubes, mascots, spark plugs (except Areo). The persisting unavailability of high-octane fuels continued to prevent engine designers raising compression ratios to increase economy and power and the positioning of valves was finely balanced between side and over valve engines. The British motorist's attitude to motoring was a "can I get it?" nature in relation to both cars and fuel. Devaluation of the pound from $4.03 to $2.80, as a measure to allow an increase in overseas sales, resulted in fewer cars for home sales and rising prices, although production economies after the launch of a car counteracted this effect to some extent, i.e. less chrome. The tag "available for early delivery" was the norm rather than the once familiar "immediate delivery to home-buyers". The British Motor Trade Association scheme for covenants restricting resale of cars under twelve months old effectively stopped the "rackets in distribution" and reduced the turnover of unused or little used cars. A car under twelve months old could only be sold back to the original dealer who would not pay more than the list price. The Thirty-fourth International Motor Exhibition, the second since the war, held at Earls Court, London in October 1949 was less well attended than in previous years with 355,486 paying ten shillings for admission. There was none of the excessive congestion of 1948 (562,000 paying visitors) but attendance was still 50 per cent above the pre -war average. The accessory exhibitors were not giving away the usual nick-knacks and for the first time many of the cars, not including the five star exhibits, were locked to the annoyance of many. The atmosphere was that of a museum - "look, but do not touch". In 1948 there had been numerous novelties at the exhibition with many British manufacturers taking the opportunity to display the results, be it limited, of 10 years of war-interrupted development work. The British motor industry was still smarting from the consequences of pre-war punitive duties (the old RAC horsepower tax) that had restricted imports of foreign cars and therefore stifled the requirement for development, other than for the home market. In 1949 virtually all of the exhibits were in production and there were few major innovations - except the Mayflower on its' turntable and the Rover "75", which were themselves based upon existing technology from the parts bin. The galleries and stands also had fewer technical / working exhibits / gadgets - except the May


"Which Spanish City was known by the Romans as ""Hispalis""?"

Hispalis - Clickable Map of the Roman Empire - First Century AD Map of the Roman Empire   |  Bible History Online Hispalis HIï¿½SPALIS HIï¿½SPALIS (Ἵσπαλις: also HISPAL, Mela, 2.6, Sil. Ital. 3.392: Eth. Hispaliensis, Adj. Hispalensis: Sevilla), one of the chief cities of Hispania Baetica, stood on the left bank of the Baetis (Guadalquiver), about 500 stadia from its mouth; but still within the tidal part of the river, which was navigable for large vessels up to the city: so that it had, to a great extent, the advantages of a sea-port. It was made a colony by Julius Caesar; and although an attempt seems to have been made to exalt the neighbouring colony of Baetis above it, the very site of which is now doubtful, it ranked, in Strabo's time, among the first cities of Turdetania, next after Corduba and Gades; and afterwards even advanced in dignity: so that, in the time of Ptolemy, it had the title of μητροπόλις, and under the Vandals and Goths it ranked above Corduba, and became the capital of Southern Spain. In the Roman empire it was the seat of a convents juridicus, and bore the titles of JULIA ROMULA and COLONIA ROMULENSIS. (Strab. iii. pp. 141, 142; Hirt. Bell. Alex. 51, 56; Dion. Cass. 43.39; Plin. Nat. 3.3; Itin. Ant. pp. 410, 413, 416; Ge)g. Rav. 4.45; Philostr. Vit. Apoll. 5.3, 6; Auson. Clar. Urb. 8; Isidor. Etym. 15.1; Inser. ap. Gruter, pp. 201, 257, Orelli, vol. ii. p. 396; Florez, Esp. S. vol. ix. pp. 89, 90; Coins ap. Florez, Med. de Esp. vol. ii. p. 543; Mionnet, vol. i. p. 24, Suppl. vol i. p. 42; Eckhel, vol. i. p. 28.)  - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, William Smith, LLD, Ed.  Seville. The city was known from Roman times as Hispalis. The nearby Roman city of Italica, a mainly residential city at the time, is well-preserved and gives an impression of how Hispalis may have looked in the later Roman period, especially when taken in context with the excavation evidence from the nearby city of Carmona. Existing Roman features in Seville include the remnants of an aqueduct. Following were successive conquests of the Roman province of Hispania Baetica by the Vandals and the Visigoths during the 5th and 6th centuries. - Wikipedia


"Which fashion designer born in New York introduced the ""Polo"" label in 1967?"

Ralph Lauren - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia - clothing, century, women, suits, men, dress, style, new Ralph Lauren - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia Ralph Lauren - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia American designer Born: Ralph Lifschitz, Bronx, New York, 14 October 1939. Education: Studied business science, City College of New York, late 1950s. Military Service: Served in the U.S. Army, 1962-64. Family: Married Ricky Low-Beer, circa 1964; children: Andrew, David, Dylan. Career: Part-time sales assistant, Alexanders Stores, New York, 1956-57;    assistant menswear buyer, Allied Stores, New York, 1958-61; salesperson,    Bloomingdale's and Brooks Brothers, New Ralph Lauren, fall 2001 collection: cashmere coat over a cashmere      dress. © AP/Wide World Photos. York, 1962; traveling salesperson in New England for A. Rivetz, neckwear    manufacturer, Boston, circa 1964-66; designer, Polo Neckwear Division,    Beau Brummel, New York, 1967; founder/designer and chairman, Polo    Fashions, New York, from 1968; Ralph Lauren Womenswear, from 1971; Polo    Leather Goods, from 1979; Polo/Ralph Lauren Luggage, from 1982; Polo Ralph    Lauren Corp., from 1986; introduced diffusion line, Chaps, 1972;    introduced Ralph, Double RL, and Polo Sport lines, 1993; established    Polo/Ralph Lauren stores in Beverly Hills, 1971, Lawrence, MA, 1983,    Paris, 1986, flagship store in New York, 1986, Costa Mesa, CA, 1987, East    Hampton, NY, 1989; Polo Sport, New York, 1993; launched fragrances Polo and Lauren, 1978, Chaps and Tuxedo, 1979, Safari, 1990, Polo Crest, 1991; new line of contemporary casualwear launched by Polo Jeans Co.,    1996; offered collection of 400 colors of house paint, 1996; Polo Ralph    Lauren became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange    (NYSE: RL), 1997; introduced Polo Sport RLX line, 1998; opened RL    restaurant, Chicago, 1999; introduced RALPH line, 1999; acquired    Canadian-based Club Monaco, 1999; launched Pink Pony Campaign to help    reduce disparities in cancer care, 2000; established Ralph Lauren Center    for Cancer Prevention and Care at North General Hospital in Harlem, 2000;    Ralph Lauren Media opened Polo.com , 2000. Exhibitions: Retrospective, Denver Art Museum, 1983. Collections: Fashion Institute of Technology, New York. Awards: Coty American Fashion Critics award, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1981,    1984; Neiman Marcus distinguished service award, 1971; American Printed    Fabrics Council "Tommy" award, 1977; Council of Fashion    Designers of America award, 1981; Coty Hall of Fame award, 1981; Retailer    of the Year award, 1986, 1992; Museum of American Folk Art Pioneering    Excellence award, 1988; Council of Fashion Designers of America Lifetime    Achievement award, 1992; Woolmark award, 1992; CFDA Womenswear Designer of    the Year, 1996; Honorary Doctorate of Letters from Brandeis University,    1996; Nina Hyde Center for Breast Cancer Research Humanitarian award    presented by Diana, Princess of Wales, 1996; CFDA Menswear Designer of the    Year, 1997; CFDA award for humanitarian leadership, 1998; inducted into    the Fashion Walk of Fame, 2000. Address: 650 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022, USA. Website: www.Polo.com . Publications Morris, Bernadine, and Barbara Walz, The Fashion Makers, New York, 1978. Diamondstein, Barbaralee, Fashion: The Inside Story, New York, 1985. Milbank, Caroline Rennolds, Couture: The Great Designers, New York, 1985. Perschetz, Lois, ed., W, The Designing Life, New York, 1987. Coleridge, Nicholas, The Fashion Conspiracy, London, 1988. Trachtenberg, Jeffrey, Ralph Lauren: The man Behind the Mystique, Boston, 1988. Milbank, Caroline Rennolds, New York Fashion: The Evolution of American Style, New York, 1989. Canaedo, Anne, Ralph Lauren: Master of Fashion, Ada, Oklahoma, 1992. Stegemeyer, Anne, Who's Who in Fashion, Third Edition, New York, 1996. Ralph Lauren, fall 2001 collection: cashmere blend coat over a       cashmere turtleneck and lea


Who said after losing a libel case against Robert Maxwell, 'I've just given a fat cheque to a fat Czech'?

Committed Cynic | Better than being a politician, or a pundit. Better than being a politician, or a pundit. Essential reading for the committed cynic September 30, 2009 If you want to stay informed about the UK’s political shenanigans, then Private Eye is essential reading. The magazine is published fortnightly, and gives more details on the goings-on in and around British politics than anything else you can buy (it’s £1.50 well-spent). It also has the distinction of being Britain’s most-sued publication; not that surprising if you know how truly appalling UK libel laws are. Were you try and set up a similar publication today, nobody would offer any financial backing because of the outrageous risks involved. The magazine’s editor, Ian Hislop , has become almost blasé about that. In one high-profile case brought by that pillar of society Robert Maxwell , his remark to reporters outside the court upon losing was, “I’ve just given a fat cheque to a fat Czech“. As some might remember, that unctuous media mogul who was born Ján Ludvík Hoch, once owned, and was chairman of, Oxford United Football Club. Perennially absent from the team’s matches, the fans had their own little chant for the man who saved their club from bankruptcy: “He’s fat. He’s round. He’s never at the ground. It’s Cap’n Bob, Cap’n Bob“. Rupert Murdoch, better known to Eye readers as The Dirty Digger,saw his arch-rival, Maxwell, subsequently vanish – supposedly falling off his yacht in the middle of the ocean. The body was never found, and the timing of the disappearance was spookily convenient; there was a huge scandal surrounding the fact that he had robbed the pension funds of his newspapers to prop up his business empire. Ian Hislop – on the other hand – is, allegedly, still alive and doing rather well. He’s instantly recognisable to most people in the UK as one of the team captains on the popular satirical show, Have I Got News For You . And to close, let me explain the joke in the above magazine cover for non-UK readers. Question Time is a popular topical debate programme on the BBC. Sometime in the coming month, it expected that the leader of the British National Party will appear on the show . The BNP are the inheritors of Oswald Mosley’s legacy, and successors to the British Union of Facists . The speech bubble is a play on host David Dimbleby ‘s manner when selecting members of the audience to put questions to the panel. As a comment below suggests I add, the actual origin of the show’s name comes from a long-running tradition of the British House of Commons, Prime Minister’s Questions . Computer security that works? September 30, 2009 While I am happily sitting here typing away in Linux ( Ubuntu 9.04 ), the vast majority of desktop PC users are still stuck with Windows. Yes, I still have a copy of Windows on my PC, but I’m somewhat forced to do so; I need to be able to run Internet Explorer to test websites. As virtually everyone will attest, possibly the biggest headache with Windows is the threat of viruses and all the other malicious software that wants to control your PC, spy on what you’re doing, or use you your machine to help launch a distributed denial of service attack against some random individual or company. In short, with Windows security software is essential. For quite some time, Microsoft has made a couple of products to help with this – the first was their firewall, and the second is Windows Defender, a tool to scan your PC for hidden-away malicious software. This left most people without an actual anti-virus solution. Actually, what it generally means is that when you buy a new PC the bundle of software included with it probably included something from Symatec – commonly known to most as Norton anti-virus. I’m old enough to remember when Norton products were good, but that was quite some time before Windows XP came out. The crap they shovel out now will slow your PC down more than having half a dozen viruses installed. And, to top it all, you have to keep paying Symatec protection money to keep it working. That is the whole purpos


Which card game takes its name from the Spanish word for basket?

Card Games | Britannica.com Card Games game played for pleasure or gambling (or both) with one or more decks of playing cards. Displaying Featured Card Games Articles Pokémon 20th- and 21st-century Japanese fantasy-based cartoon creatures that spawned a video- and card-game franchise. In the Pokémon —or “Pocket Monsters”—video-game series, players were able to explore the game’s fictional world by looking for wild Pokémon creatures to capture and tame. As Pokémon trainers, they readied the small monsters to compete in battle... blackjack gambling card game popular in casinos throughout the world. Its origin is disputed, but it is certainly related to several French and Italian gambling games. In Britain since World War I, the informal game has been called pontoon. Players hope to get a total card value of 21 or to come closer to it, without going over, than the dealer, against whom... tarot any of a set of cards used in tarot games and in fortune-telling. Tarot decks were invented in Italy in the 1430s by adding to the existing four-suited pack a fifth suit of 21 specially illustrated cards called trionfi (“triumphs”) and an odd card called il matto (“the fool”). (The fool is not the origin of the modern joker, which was invented in the... euchre card game popular in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and Great Britain, especially in Cornwall and the West Country of England. It derives from a 19th-century Alsatian game called juckerspiel from the fact that its two top trumps are Jucker, meaning “ jack.” This word may also have influenced the choice of the term joker for the extra card... solitaire family of card games played by one person. Solitaire was originally called (in various spellings) either patience, as it still is in England, Poland, and Germany, or cabale, as it still is in Scandinavian countries. The terms patience and solitaire have been applied to indicate any one-player card-related activity, including building card houses, flipping... cribbage card game in which the object is to form counting combinations that traditionally are scored by moving pegs on a special cribbage board. The appeal of the game, usually played by two but with a popular variant played by four or occasionally by three, is evident from two facts: few changes have been made in the original rules, and it remains one of... hanafuda (Japanese: “flower cards”), deck of 48 cards divided into 12 suits of four cards. Each suit is named for a month of the year and pictures a flower identified with that month. The cards are tiny, only 2 1 8 by 1 1 4 inches (5.4 by 3.2 cm), but about three times thicker than Western cards. Hanafuda evolved after the Portuguese took Western cards to Japan... whist trick-taking card game developed in England. The English national card game has passed through many phases of development, being first recorded as trump (1529), then ruff, ruff and honours, whisk and swabbers, whisk, and finally whist in the 18th century. In the 19th century whist became the premier intellectual card game of the Western world, but... piquet card game, known since the 15th century in France. For centuries piquet has been regarded as one of the greatest two-player card games. In 1534 François Rabelais listed it as a favorite pastime of his fictional hero Gargantua, and in 1892 the delegates to a card congress in Vienna voted it the most “classic” of all card games. Perhaps because it was... Yu-Gi-Oh! Japanese manga (comic book) of the late 20th and early 21st centuries that features an ordinary high-school student, Yugi Mutou (Yugi Moto), who assumes mystical powers when playing a mysterious card game. When blond, spiky-haired Yugi, a weak and unassuming teenager, solves the mysterious Millennium Puzzle, he is granted special powers that are activated... poker card game played in various forms throughout the world. Its popularity is greatest in North America, where it originated. It is played in private homes, in poker clubs, in casinos, and over the Internet. Poker has been called the national card game of the United States, and its


Which City in France was known to the Romans as 'Argentoratum'?

Argentoratum - Strasbourg The KLEIN familly welcomes you Argentoratum: (Strasbourg). A city in what is now Alsace eastern France, on the German frontier, 2 miles west of the Rhenus (Rhine). The city originated on an island between two branches of that river's tributary the Helella (Ill). Originally the capital of the German tribe of the Triboci, it was known to the Romans as Argentorate (or Argentoratum), silver fort. Augustus' stepson Drusus senior (Nero Drusus, died 9 BC) may have established a garrison of auxiliaries there. From soon after AD 16 until 43 a fortress existed, forming part of the military command (subsequently province) of Germania Superior (Upper Germany); it was occupied by a legion, and later by legionary detachments, who constructed the first basalt wall (to supplement an earthen bank). After the city's destruction in the Gallo-German rebellion of 69-70 AD, Argentorate resumed its role as a legionary headquarters in c 80 (shortly before Upper Germany was elevated to the status of a province). Further serious damage followed in 235 AD, for during the 3rd and 4th centuries the place was severely exposed to German invasions, which led the inhabitants of its adjoining civilian settlement ( canabae ) to abandon their quarter and crowd into the fortress for protection. !


What is the more common name for the bone the furcula?

The fabulous flight-facilitating furcula | Science | The Guardian The fabulous flight-facilitating furcula Unusual bone in the chest links the birds to their dinosaurian ancestors Skeleton of a red-throated diver showing the furcula bone in the chest just above the huge sternum Photograph: Paolo Viscardi Friday 11 March 2016 06.09 EST Last modified on Thursday 17 March 2016 08.24 EDT Share on Messenger Close Almost every child who has enjoyed a roast chicken or turkey has at some point been invited to break the wishbone and make a wish. This familiar little bone is shaped somewhere between a U and a V sits in the upper chest of a bird and acts to help support this area of the body under the strains of flight. The proper name for this bone is the furcula and it’s actually formed through the fusion of the paired clavicles, known to most people at the collar bones. The furcula is critical to flight in modern birds, but its apparent absence in dinosaurs was one of the reasons it took so long to correctly identify dinosaurs as the ancestors of birds. Back in the early 1900s, the origins of birds were hotly contested. Although the amazing feathered dinosaur Archaeopteryx had been put forwards as the first bird that represented a transition from dinosaurs to birds, there were problems with this argument. Almost all the known dinosaurs were large animals, and this was a small one (around the size of a crow), and among other things both dinosaurs and Archaeopteryx lacked a furcula. Despite the long list of things that dinosaurs and birds had in common such as the shape of their wrists and ankle and aspect of the skull (and many of which were also seen in Archaeopteryx too) this absence was seen as a fundamental and insurmountable problem. Pinterest Upper body of the Berlin specimen of Archaeopteryx that appears to lack a furcula. Photograph: Luis Chiappe/AP At the time, there was an idea that once a feature had been lost over the course of evolution it could not come back (something called Dollo’s Law). With no furcula or clavicles in dinosaurs but a furcula in birds, then birds could not have come from dinosaurs. Instead birds must have come from earlier reptile lineage where clavicles were still present, even though the birds shared many features with dinosaurs that they didn’t with other reptiles. We now know that Dollo’s Law is incorrect and that even major features can return so that’s not a reason to dismiss the dinosaurian connection, but there’s a much bigger issue here. Dinosaurs did in fact have furculae. A century or so ago, the dinosaur fossil record was not great and few skeletons were close to complete. A pretty small feature like a furcula could easily not be preserved or overlooked. As it happens, we now have numerous furculae from a huge variety of dinosaurs, including those that are closest to the origin birds. Even Tyrannosaurus had one and we have several other tyrannosaurs preserved with a furcula too (as an aside this means the shoulders of these animals were close together, meaning the arms were positioned under the body and not high up the sides as often seen in reconstructions). Pinterest Skeleton of Tyrannosaurus showing the furcula that in the chest between the two shoulder blades. Images used with permission of the LA County Museum. Photograph: Dave Hone But what of Archaeopteryx - if its ancestors in other dinosaurs had this, and later birds had it, why was it missing? Again this was not as missing as first thought but for a rather different reason. Although the early specimens recovered of Archaeopteryx were well preserved and showed both their skeletons and preserved feathers, there was a secret lurking in one or two of them – a furcula. However, unlike in their forerunners and like some birds today, this bone was not fully ossified in younger animals – it was really more cartilage than bone. That meant it did not preserve as well and so was overlooked for many years until investigations with UV light showed that one was present, albeit as a rather faint discolouration and depression on the specimen


Which landlocked country in Africa was formerly called Nyasaland?

Travel Malawi Guide Official Website Bird Watching.   The birds of Malawi, approximately 650 of them, are a true beauty to behold. Majority of them are well placed in areas that are iconic tourism features in Malawi , the Lake, Mulanje Mountain, Nyika plateau and many more. Malawi’s protected areas may not be big on the ‘Big 5’, but they have a .. Read On


Which bird is the largest bird in the crow family?

Nuisance Birds - The Crow Family CALL US TODAY ON 0800 169 9646 Search Site The Crow Family (Corvids) The crow family (Corvids) are a family of birds that include crows, rooks, ravens, jackdaws, jays, magpies. The crow family is a group of medium to large birds usually black in appearance and are among the most intelligent and sociable birds in the UK congregating in large numbers and breeding in rookery’s. Eight species of the crow family breed in the UK although there are many more worldwide, nesting is usually from March onwards. The crow family is frequently a nuisance to residents, agriculture and even airports where their presence is a high risk. Rookery There are however means to prevent the crows being a problem. For advice and further information on suitable bird proofing method talk to your local NBC bird control experts by calling freephone 0800 169 9646. Problems associated with the crow family Noise! If you’re unfortunate enough to live within earshot of a rookery, you’ll be very well aware of the extreme noise generated by the birds from as early as 4am Often associated with crop damage, the rook will eat grain given the opportunity Guano and debris from the nests Crows are known to attack cars and will wrench off windscreen wipers etc. Crows, rooks and jackdaws will also pull putty out from around windows whilst attacking their own reflection! Carrion Crow The carrion crow is all black and in an all year round resident of the UK. There are about 1m breeding pairs and they can be found in urban areas and throughout the countryside. They feed on insects,s worms, seeds and being an effective scavenger carrion  – you may see them hoping onto roads feeding on the carrion from roadkill. Rooks There are over 1,140,000 breeding pairs of rooks in the UK, found primarily in rural areas and on the edge of small towns and villages. Extremely sociable birds, they form rookeries high in tree tops, numbering hundreds – even thousands of birds and are often confused with the carrion crow, which is a solitary bird often found alone or in pairs. Jackdaw The jackdaw differs in appearance as it is small and has a distinctive silvery sheen to the back of its head as well as pale eyes. Jackdaws are usually found in rural areas roosting communally in woodland and are present all year round in the UK. Their diet consists of insects, bird eggs fruit, seeds and scraps and have also been knwo to eat young birds. Raven The Raven is the largest member of the crow family and is completely black. The Raven is mound mainly in the west and north west of the UK prefering woodland or rural areas over urban areas. Ravens diet can be wide and varied but mainly consists of carrion. The Raven is unusually intelligent showing an aptitude for problem solving and has been seem playfully passing stones to one another or performing mid-air acrobatics.  Discover bird deterrent methods to prevent birds impacting your business.   Testimonials We here, at DeVere Venues in Wokefield Park, have found NBC to be very professional in their approach to the pigeon problems we experienced. NBC’s falconry response service has been extremely effective in deterring the pigeons as well as being an exhilarating and educational experience for all concerned. DeVere Venues, Wokefield Park Southside Housing Association engaged the services of NBC to eradicate pigeons at a large number of our properties on the south side of Glasgow. The NBC team conducted themselves at all times in a professional friendly manner and have built up a strong business relationship with us. Southside Housing Association would have no hesitation in recommending NBC. Southside Housing Association NBC’s designated pest technician for this site has proven to be an excellent ambassador for the company. I almost never have any birds near site, let alone on it, which is exactly the way I like it! The local Environment Agency during a recent site audit has even commented on the lack of pests. NBC has kept me compliant with all the important parts of my site permit. SITA UK With regards to the install


Which is the most southerly golf course in Britain that the British Open can be played at?

Golf Courses Where the British Open Has Been Played The Old Course at St. Andrews is the most frequent host among British Open golf courses.  David Cannon / Getty Images Updated July 01, 2016. Below is the yearly list of golf courses that have been the site of the British Open golf tournament, dating back to that major's first playing in 1860. Announced future sites are listed first. The courses in the Open rota are all links. There are currently nine links that consistently serve as host sites. The Old Course at St. Andrews is the course that has been the site of the most Opens ( info ). 2016 - Royal Troon , Troon, South Ayrshire, Scotland 2015 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 2014 - Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England 2013 - Muirfield, Gullane, Scotland 2011 - Royal St. George's Golf Club, Sandwich, England 2010 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. continue reading below our video 10 Best Basketball Players of All Time Andrews, Scotland 2009 - Turnberry (Ailsa Course), South Ayrshire, Scotland 2008 - Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, England 2007 - Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship Course), Carnoustie, Scotland 2006 - Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England 2004 - Royal Troon Golf Club (Old Course), Troon, Scotland 2003 - Royal St. George's Golf Club, Sandwich, England 2002 - Muirfield, Gullane, Scotland 2001 - Royal Lytham & St. Annes Golf Club, Lytham St. Annes, England 2000 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1999 - Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship Course), Carnoustie, Scotland 1998 - Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, England 1997 - Royal Troon Golf Club (Old Course), Troon, Scotland 1996 - Royal Lytham & St. Annes Golf Club, Lytham St. Annes, England 1995 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1994 - Turnberry ( Ailsa Course ), South Ayrshire, Scotland 1993 - Royal St. George's Golf Club, Sandwich, England 1992 - Muirfield, Gullane, Scotland 1991 - Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, England 1990 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1989 - Royal Troon Golf Club (Old Course), Troon, Scotland 1988 - Royal Lytham & St. Annes Golf Club, Lytham St. Annes, England 1987 - Muirfield, Gullane, Scotland 1986 - Turnberry (Ailsa Course), South Ayrshire, Scotland 1985 - Royal St. George's Golf Club, Sandwich, England 1984 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1983 - Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, England 1982 - Royal Troon Golf Club (Old Course), Troon, Scotland 1981 - Royal St. George's Golf Club, Sandwich, England 1980 - Muirfield, Gullane, Scotland 1979 - Royal Lytham & St. Annes Golf Club, Lytham St. Annes, England 1978 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1977 - Turnberry (Ailsa Course), South Ayrshire, Scotland 1976 - Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, England 1975 - Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship Course), Carnoustie, Scotland 1974 - Royal Lytham & St. Annes Golf Club, Lytham St. Annes, England 1973 - Royal Troon Golf Club (Old Course), Troon, Scotland 1972 - Muirfield, Gullane, Scotland 1971 - Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, England 1970 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1969 - Royal Lytham & St. Annes Golf Club, Lytham St. Annes, England 1968 - Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship Course), Carnoustie, Scotland 1967 - Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England 1966 - Muirfield, Gullane, Scotland 1965 - Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, England 1964 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1963 - Royal Lytham & St. Annes Golf Club, Lytham St. Annes, England 1962 - Royal Troon Golf Club (Old Course), Troon, Scotland 1960 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1959 - Muirfield, Gullane, Scotland 1958 - Royal Lytham & St. Annes Golf Club, Lytham St. Annes, England 1957 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1956 - Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England 1955 - The Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1954 - Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, England 1953 - Carnoustie Golf Links (Championsh


Which British car company manufactured the Javelin and Jupiter models?

Jowett Jupiter Sports Car - Classic Car from Bradford Yorkshire of February 2012  where a full half page is devoted to it. "Every marque has its chronicler. Jowett's is unquestionably Edmund Nankivell...the author has amassed a commendably catholic collection of illustrations...all this helps to put the special bodied Jupiter in the context of the time...it is well produced and, commendably, has a colourful printed hard cover..." Bienvenu, friends, to the Home Page of the Jowett Jupiter, one of the best  classic sports cars of the early nineteen fifties. Discover a little of its history, its motor sporting successes, books, who is campaigning their Jupiter today half a century after the Jupiter era... Friend: having reached this tiny outpost on the world-wide web, why not take a little time to read about the life and times of this unusual and rare classic sports car? The Jowett car. What some would call a sportcar or even an antique car - only in the very best sense of the word of course! Note that the Jowett Jupiter was always a rare car with only 900 built. Jowett Jupiter for sale New web page:- this new page carries links to websites offering Jowett Jupiters for sale. There are many more Jupiters for sale which are not on the internet, you could contact Edmund Nankivell for information Another must-have new book has arrived! Ed Nankivell's v ery new edition of the book:- The Jowett Jupiter - The Car that Leaped to Fame This fully revised and updated award-winning edition available from Wordery , and Amazon of course and you might even find it on eBay . Yes, a book is also out, written by Edmund Nankivell and published by him, is entitled Jowett Jupiter Special Body - from Abbott & Beutler to Rochdale & Worblaufen. Available from Amazon and Chaters. Why not treat yourself to the book The Jowett Jupiter, a Car for Road Rally and Race. An easy on-line way to buy this excellent book at a knock-down price is through Chater's Motoring Booksellers of 25 Murrell Green Business Park, Murrell Green, Hook, Hants, England. Chater's price is now �4.99. Or, you can order from Chater's by telephone +44(0)1256 765 443


Stranraer Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland Castle of St    John   Stranraer is the largest settlement in south west Scotland. It lies   at the head of Loch Ryan, on the north side of the neck of land that prevents   the Rhins of Galloway becoming an island. The town's origins date back nearly 500 years to the building in   1511 of Stranraer Castle, also known as the Castle of St John. This now stands   in the centre of the town, but it was originally built behind the broad beach   at the head of Loch Ryan. Only later did a settlement begin to grow around it.   The Castle of St John now houses a museum, while the excellent Stranraer Museum can be found in the old   town hall. By 1600 it had become the market town for the Rhins of Galloway to   the west and the rural areas to the east. In the 1760s Stranraer was reached by   a military road built from Bridge of Sark on the English border via Dumfries to Portpatrick. This in   turn led to Stranraer featuring on the drove route used by Irish cattle being   moved to market in Dumfries. It was only in the mid 1700s that a harbour was first built in   Stranraer itself, and further port development took place in the 1820s. But it   was the coming of the railway from Dumfries in 1861 which finally   established Stranraer as the area's main port. In 1862 the line was extended to serve the harbour directly, and in   the same year a link to Portpatrick was also   opened. Some time later a rail connection north to Girvan was established. For much of the following 150 years Stranraer was unchallenged as   the natural location for the main Scottish port for the Irish ferries. Roll-on   roll-off ferries appeared on the Irish routes well ahead of elsewhere in the   UK. This played a part in the loss of 133 lives on 31 January 1953 when the MV   Princess Victoria's car deck was swamped by heavy seas en route from Stranraer,   and the ship sank off Northern Ireland. In the 1970s P&O moved their services from Stranraer to a new   terminal built nearer the mouth of Loch Ryan at Cairnryan and in 2000 the   SeaCat fast catamaran service from Belfast was switched from Stranraer to Troon. In late 2011 Stena also moved   their Stranraer operations to Cairnryan. But despite these setbacks, Stranraer has rather more going for it   than usually gets mentioned in the guide books. The town centre is surprisingly   attractive and bustling, and while it helps to see it on a sunny day, the   whites and bright colours of many of the buildings make it brighter in any   light. Stranraer also serves as the gateway to the Rhins of Galloway.   Roads from here head north to Leswalt and south past Drummore to the Mull of Galloway, Scotland's most southerly point. And west lies Portpatrick, now a   beautiful resort complete with harbour. Another link with Portpatrick is   provided by the Southern   Upland Way long distant footpath, which begins there and passes just to the   south of Stranraer itself en route to the North Sea.


In which European City is the Mariinsky Ballet based?

Mariinsky Ballet | Russian ballet company | Britannica.com Russian ballet company Alternative Titles: Balet Imeni Kirova, Imperial Russian Ballet, Kirov Ballet, Mariinsky Balet, Maryinsky Ballet Related Topics Russia Mariinsky Ballet, also spelled Maryinsky, Russian Mariinsky Balet, formerly (1935–91) Kirov Ballet, prominent Russian ballet company, part of the Mariinsky Theatre of Opera and Ballet in St. Petersburg . Its traditions, deriving from its predecessor, the Imperial Russian Ballet, are based on the work of such leading 19th-century choreographers as Jules Perrot , Arthur Saint-Léon , and Marius Petipa and such dancers as Marie Taglioni , Olga Preobrajenska , Mathilde Kschessinskaya , Anna Pavlova , Vaslav Nijinsky , Tamara Karsavina, Michel Fokine , George Balanchine , and Maria Danilova. The company began as a dancing academy founded in St. Petersburg in 1738. Its early performances were before the royal court, and, after 1780, in the Petrovsky (now Bolshoi) Theatre. The Imperial Russian Ballet was established as a professional company and became the centre of Russian ballet. In the late 19th century the company moved to the Mariinsky Theatre, where it became the resident ballet company, acquiring the Mariinsky name. With the October Revolution of 1917, the company lost 40 percent of its personnel but was able to maintain its repertoire and its technical proficiency under the teacher Agrippina Vaganova and artistic director Konstantin Sergeyev . During the Soviet period the theatre was renamed the S.M. Kirov State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet, and the company became known as the Kirov Ballet. New works on heroic themes were produced, as well as such experimental works as Igor Belsky’s The Coast of Hope (1959). After 1961 the company toured western Europe, the United States , and Canada. With the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the theatre and company reclaimed their Mariinsky name. Learn More in these related articles:


Which Roy Orbison song featured in the 'Only Fools and Horses' episode called 'Stage Fright'?

Only Fools and Horses - Cwying Song - YouTube Only Fools and Horses - Cwying Song Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 28, 2014 Only Fools and Horses Cwying song performance by Tony Angelino, one of the best ever moments in only fools and horses. Loved this scene! If anyone wants to know the name of the only fools and horses episode it was called Stage Fright - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_F ...) The original was sung by Roy Orbison - Crying Category


Which American lost in a play off in 2009 British Open (golf)?

10 American Golfers Whose Games Best Translate to PGA Tour's British Courses | Bleacher Report 10 American Golfers Whose Games Best Translate to PGA Tour's British Courses Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow David Cannon/Getty Images 1 Comment With Webb Simpson capturing the US Open, American golfers have been victorious at the last three major championships.  This followed a stretch of six majors that were won by international players.  With the British Open less than one month away, the Americans will look to continue their streak.   However, it will not be easy as four of the last five British Opens have been won by international players. The British Open is always staged on a links style golf course, which plays much differently from the type of courses that we are used to in the United States.  Trees are nowhere to be found, bunkers lie in the middle of wide fairways.  Low running approach shots that use the slope of the green to get near the pin are needed.   And there is the ever changing weather conditions. Consistent performance is difficult at the British Open due to the vastly different weather conditions that the field will see.  If you catch the bad side of the draw as they say, it is game over. Not many American golfers have games suited for playing links-style golf.  The current generation has become more one dimensional in approaching the game.  It is a reason why you will see two older golfers on this list. The 10 golfers listed are not in any particular order, nor would I say they have the best shot at Royal Lytham and St Anne's Golf Club next month.  The British Open is the unpredictable major.  With that in mind, here are 10 golfers whose games transition to links courses. Tom Watson Phil Inglis/Getty Images Tom Watson is the best pure links player among American golfers, even at age 62.  Golfers are not supposed to be competitive on the senior circuit let alone major championships at that age.   Watson lost in a playoff at the 2009 British Open at age 59, one of the remarkable achievements in golf history.  He finished in 22nd place last year, a very respectable showing. Watson won the British Open five times in his career.  His experience and comfort playing the type of golf needed on the links is unmatched.  That is what allows him to be competitive despite the physical limitations of someone his age. Tom Lehman Gregory Shamus/Getty Images Another golfer from the senior circuit, the 53-year-old Lehman has made five consecutive cuts at the British Open.  He was the 1996 British Open champion, fending off Ernie Els.   Lehman in his prime was most consistent in the U.S. Open despite never winning the event. His experience and course management built on years of professional golf have allowed him to play well in the British Open at an advanced age.  His last two finishes are 14th place and 22nd place which is quite remarkable.   With Lehman in good form on the Senior Tour winning the Regions Tradition this month, it is not unfeasible that he could contend.  Ben Curtis Andy Lyons/Getty Images Curtis was a 300-1 underdog when he won the 2003 British Open in his first major start.  He has never been more than a journeyman golfer with the exception of a couple seasons in the mid 2000s.   He has missed six of nine cuts at the British Open in his career. He is on this list because the cuts he did make included a win and two Top 10s.  They also came during times when he was playing in better form.   Curtis finally won again this season at the Valero Texas Open.  It was on a course that is somewhat links style.  For whatever reason, when Ben Curtis does play well, which isn't often, it translates to the links courses. Steve Stricker Ezra Shaw/Getty Images The 45-year-old Stricker has a versatile game and has won 20 pro tournaments on very different types of courses.  He has also made five consecutive cuts at the British Open, recording two Top 10s in that span. Stricker has two wins on courses that have heavy similarities to the links courses over the pond.  He won the 2012 Hyundai Tournament of


Picardy | region, France | Britannica.com Picardy Coucy Picardy, French Picardie, région of France encompassing the northern départements of Oise, Somme, and Aisne. Picardy is bounded by the régions of Nord-Pas-de-Calais to the north, Champagne-Ardenne to the east, Île-de-France to the south, and Haute-Normandie to the west. Small stretches of the border adjoin the English Channel to the west and Belgium to the northeast. The capital is Amiens . Area 7,490 square miles (19,399 square km). Pop. (1999) 1,857,834; (2008 est.) 1,906,601. The château at Chantilly, France. Shostal Associates Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Geography Picardy belongs to the Paris Basin and is essentially flat, with elevations below 1,000 feet (300 metres). The calcareous plateaus of Laon, Soissons , and Valois rise to the east. The Somme River flows from the east to the northwest across much of Picardy. The estuary of the Somme River and the bay of the Somme occupy a large part of the low-lying coast. The Aisne River flows from east to west to join the Oise River , which flows southwestward across the région. An oceanic climate prevails. The population declined by almost one-fifth between 1861 and 1946, as did that of most of rural France during this period. It has subsequently grown at a rate above the national average. Demographic recovery has favoured the département of Oise over Aisne and Somme. Oise has benefited from its proximity to Paris, which has led to an influx of population and commerce. Much of the population lives in towns with fewer than 15,000 inhabitants, and the countryside is relatively densely populated. Agriculture is highly mechanized and productive. The average farm is large for France, approaching 200 acres (80 hectares); crops include sugar beets, wheat, barley, and potatoes. Animal husbandry is of less importance. Traditional industries, such as weaving at Saint-Quentin and the production of mirrors at Saint-Gobain, which dates from the 17th century, are in decline. Similar Topics Languedoc-Roussillon Major industries, located predominately at Amiens and along the Oise valley, include metalworking and the manufacturing of automotive parts, chemicals, plastics, and rubber. Food-processing industries, which have diversified into frozen foods and ready-to-eat meals, are also widely present, reflecting the importance of the région’s agricultural activities. Picardy is not a major tourist destination, but it has a number of noteworthy historical sites, including two of the finest Romanesque churches in northern France, located at Saint-Leu-d’Esserent and Morienval; the medieval churches of Laon , Braine, and Urcel; the Gothic church at Saint-Quentin; and the Amiens Cathedral . The resort town of Chantilly , with its château and the annual horse races of the French Jockey Club, draws many visitors each year. Picardy also has a number of small resorts along the coast. Amiens Cathedral, France. © Alonbou/Fotolia History Because Picardy was never unified in the feudal period, its boundaries are disputable. Linguistically, Picardy extended beyond its geographic boundaries to Artois , Cambrésis, Tournésis, and parts of Flanders and Hainaut; ecclesiastically, it embraced not only the medieval dioceses of Amiens, Noyon , and Laon but also the northern parts of those of Beauvais and of Soissons. The province of Picardy from the 16th century to the end of the ancien régime in 1789 comprised the Somme River basin from Saint-Quentin to the English Channel, the basins of the Serre and of the upper Oise, and Montreuil on the Canche beyond the Authie. Occupied by the Salian Franks in the 5th century, Picardy was divided in the feudal period and encompassed six countships: Boulogne, Montreuil, Ponthieu, Amiénois, Vermandois, and Laonnois. King Philip II Augustus gradually united Amiénois and Vermandois to his domain (from 1185), but Ponthieu was held by the English as a fief almost continuously from 1279 to 1360 and then as an outright possession until 1369. The dukes of Burgundy acquired Ponthieu, the Somme towns, and Montdidier under the T


Which musical instrument is Anne-Sophie Mutter famous for playing?

Who are the musicians playing a Stradivarius? Who are the musicians playing a Stradivarius? Who are the musicians playing a Stradivarius? CLASSICAL Aug 5, 2016 Several world-class soloists play violins by Antonio Stradivari, but those instruments are not universally cherished as one might think. Christian Tetzlaff, for example, stopped playing a Stradivarius and switched to a violin from 2002. In his words, a Strad does not work as well for the “Big Romantic and 20th-century concertos.” Joshua Bell in 2008. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons Even though many blind experiments demonstrate that it is hard to distinguish a  Strad from a Guarneri del Gesu or even 20th century instruments, Stradivari instruments are undeniably famous for the quality of their sounds. Spruce for the top, willow for internal blocks and maple for the back, ribs and neck were the types of wood Antonio Stradivari used to create violins that now sell for tens of millions of dollars (a viola made was recently put up for auction with a minimum bid for $45 million). Only a few hundred of  original Stradivari instruments survive to this day: 244 violins, 13 known extant violas, 63 celli, five  guitars, one harp and two mandolins. Here are the world-class performers currently playing a Stradivarius. Anne-Sophie Mutter The German violinist who was mentored by Herbert von Karajan and debuted onstage with Mozart’s Violin Concerto no. 4 alternates between two Stradivari. One is the Emiliani, from 1703. According to Mutter, it has a “superb” sound but it lacks edginess. Beethoven’s sonatas, Brahms, Sibelius and the contemporary works she favors need roughness, which is provided by her second Strad, the “Lord Dunn-Raven,” which was built during Stradivari’s golden period in 1710. Itzhak Perlman Perlman plays the Soil Stradivarius from 1714, which was formerly owned by Yehudi Menuhim  and is to this day considered one of the finest products manufactured by Stradivari. It is recognizable for its red varnish and a two-piece maple back with the flames of the grain joined. The fame of this instrument transcends the classical music world. The Soil is featured in the videogame Fallout 3, where the player has to retrieve it from an underground bunker that serves as a sanctuary to the musical arts in a post-apocalyptic world. Joshua Bell Bell’s Strad is the Gibson ex Huberman (1713) and that instrument has quite an interesting story: before being owned by Bell, it was stolen twice from his previous owner Bronislaw Huberman. The violinist had played the violin when it was not his, and the then-owner Norbert Brainin jokingly told him that, if he had four million dollars, then the violin could be his. Bell then came across the Gibson ex Huberman by chance, finding out that the violin was about to be sold to a German industrialist so it would become part of a collection. So, he resolved to sell his previous violin, actually another Strad, for over two million dollars and managed to buy the cherished Gibson ex Huberman for a little under four million dollars.  This story is told extensively in the documentary The Return of the Violin. Salvatore Accardo The Turin-born violinist and conductor is best known for his recordings of Paganini’s 24 caprices and he was the first violinist to record all six concerti by the composer. He currently owns the Hart ex Francescati (1718) and previously the Firebird ex Saint-Euxpery. Edvin Marton This Hungarian violinist became known to mainstream audiences because ice skaters the likes of Evgeny Plushenko and Stéphane Lambiel danced to his music. He performed alongside Dilma Bilan during the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest. He studied in the most prestigious music academies, including the Tchaikovsky Academy in Moscow and the Juillard School in New York. In 1997, he won a world competition in Canada; as a result, a Swiss bank granted him lifetime use of the Paganini Stradivari (1697). Anne Akiko Meyers This top-selling classical instrumentalist owns two Stradivari, the Royal Spanish and the Molitor. For her recording of Bach’s Concerto in D Minor


John of Gaunt was the uncle of which English King?

John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340 - 1399) - Genealogy John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster Is your surname of Gaunt? Research the of Gaunt family Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster Spanish: Juan de Gante, Duque de Lancaster Birthdate: St. Bavon's Abbey, Ghent, Belgium Death: in Leicester Castle, Leicestershire, England Place of Burial: St. Paul's Cathedral, London, Middlesex, England Immediate Family: Added 2017-01-19 00:06:24 -0800 by Private User Collection: Added 2017-01-19 00:05:09 -0800 by Private User Collection: July 24 1340 - Abbaye De St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre Orientale, Belgium Death: Feb 3 1399 - Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England Wife: Constanza (Constance) Plantagenet (born Castilla) Wife: Katherine Plantagenet (born Roet) Children: ...rtugal) Lancaster, Elizabeth Lancaster, Edward Lancaster, Henry (Henry Iv King Of England) Lancaster, Isabel Lancaster, John Beaufort, Ka... Added 2017-01-18 23:52:30 -0800 by Private User Collection: June 24 1340 - Abbaye, De St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre Orientale, Belgium Death: Feb 3 1399 - Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England Wife: Catherine Katherine 17th Ggm Plantagenet Of Gaunt, Duchess (born Swynford De Roet Roët Duchess Of Lancaster) Children: ...lantagenet, Elizabeth Duchess Of Exeter And Lancaster Lady Fanhope Plantagenet, Elizabeth Princess And Duchess Of Lancaster Dé Roët, Henr... Added 2017-01-19 00:09:25 -0800 by Private User Collection: Edward 111 Plantagenet, Philippa Plantagenet (born De Hainault) Siblings: Lionel Plantagenet, Edmund Poe Duke Of York Langley, Thomas De Woodstock Wife: Katherine De Gaunt (born De Roet) Daughter: Added 2017-01-19 00:05:56 -0800 by Private User Collection: July 24 1340 - Abbaye De St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre-Orientale, Belgium Death: Feb 3 1399 - Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England Wife: Katherine Swynford (born Roet) Children: John Beaufort, Kg, Edmund Beaufort, Cardinal Henry Beaufort, Thomas Beaufort (Lancaster), Countess Joan De Neville, Lg (born De Beaufort) Added 2017-01-18 23:52:51 -0800 by Private User Collection: July 24 1340 - Abbaye De St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre-Orientale, Belgium Death: Feb 3 1399 - Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England Wife: Katherine Swynford (born Roet) Children: John (Fairborn) Beaufort, Edmund Beaufort, Cardinal Henry Beaufort, Thomas Beaufort, Countess Joan De Neville, Lg (born Beaufort) Added 2017-01-19 00:06:51 -0800 by Private User Collection: July 24 1340 - Abbaye De St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre-Orientale, Belgium Death: Feb 3 1399 - Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England Wife: Katherine Swynford (born Roet) Children: ...eaufort, Kg, Edmund Beaufort, Cardinal Henry Beaufort, Thomas (Lancaster) Beaufort (Lancaster), Countess Joan De Neville, Lg (born Beaufort) Added 2017-01-18 23:53:16 -0800 by Private User Collection: June 24 1340 - St Bavons Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Netherlands Death: Feb 3 1399 - Castle, McPherson, Kansas, USA Parents: Edward Iii King Of England, Phillipa King Of England (born Hainault) Siblings: ...Joan Of England, William Of Hatfield, Edmund Plantagenet, Blanche Plantagenet, Mary Of England, Margaret Plantagenet, William Of Windsor,... Added 2017-01-19 00:09:36 -0800 by Private User Collection: June 24 1340 - St Bavons Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Netherlands Death: Feb 3 1399 - Castle, McPherson, Kansas, USA Parents: Edward Iii King Of England, Phillipa King Of England (born Hainault) Siblings: ...Joan Of England, William Of Hatfield, Edmund Plantagenet, Blanche Plantagenet, Mary Of England, Margaret Plantagenet, William Of Windsor,... Added 2017-01-19 00:09:17 -0800 by Private User Collection: Mar 6 1340 - Abbaye De St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre-Orientale, Belgium Death: Feb 3 1399 - Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England Wife: Katherine Swynford (born Beaufort,) Children: ...ohn Fairborn Beaufort,, Edmund Beaufort, Cardinal Henry Beaufort, Thomas Beaufort (Lancaster),


In French cookery, a dubarry sauce contains which vegetable?

French Culinary-Baking Terms | The Bakery Network French Culinary-Baking Terms Although many of the terms below do not relate specifically for baking, you may encounter from time to time, a collection of these terms used through professional kitchens around the world. A A la Literally means ‘in the style of.’ A la Translates from French as ‘in the fashion of’. A la Broche Meat roasted on a spit. A la Carte Menu items prepared fresh to order. A French term, A la carte translates as ‘by the menu’. A la Grecque Translates from the French as ‘in the Greek style’. A L’Espagnole Literally translates from French as, ‘in the Spanish style’. Al a Minuta A French term literally meaning cooked in a minuet; often applied to food cooked at the table, for example traditional stroganoff. Al Dente An Italian term which describes the consistency of pasta when cooked correctly. Al dente literally translates as “to the tooth”, i.e. the pasta should be slightly firm to the bite. Abatis Chicken giblets. Abats Offal. A French term indicating the head, heart, livers, kidney, tongue, feet, etc, of an animal. Aboyeur A person responsible for the calling of an order within a kitchen, making sure that each section is aware of any requirements. Agneau Lamb. See also ‘mouton’. Aiguille a Brider A trussing needle. Aiguille a Larder A larding needle. Aiguillettes Thin long strips, vertically cut, principally of duck breast and other poultry. From the French word aiguille meaning ‘little needle’. Aile The wing of poultry or game, also known as ‘aileron’. Airelles Cranberries. Akami Japanese term describing a cut from the lean loin of a tuna fish, used in sushi and sashimi. Akami Japanese term describing a cut from the lean loin of a tuna fish, used in sushi and sashimi. Alfresco Outdoors, in the open air. An Italian term meaning ‘in the fresh’. Aloyau A whole unboned sirloin of beef. Amandine A French term meaning cooked, filled or served with almonds. For example salmon amandine. From the French word amande meaning ‘almond’. Amuse-Bouches Cocktail canapés. Amuse-Gueule Translates from the French as to ‘entertain the mouth’. Anglaise Means plain in style. When applied to fish it means flour, egg washed and bread crumbed. In the case of vegetables it often means boiled. In French cooking it is egg beaten with oil and seasoning.. Animelles A French term indicating the delicate tender parts of a lamb, especially the fillet and loin. Also referred to as ’criadillas’. Annoncer To call out orders in a kitchen or restaurant. Antipasti Food served at the beginning of an Italian meal, either as a starter or as a snack. Antipasti translates from Italian as ‘before food’. Aperitif An alcoholic beverage drunk before the beginning of a meal. A French term derived from the Latin word aperire meaning ‘to open’. Apparell A culinary term for a prepared mixture ready for further processing. For example bombe apparell or croquette apparell. Apricoter To coat with strained and reduced apricot jam. Aretes Fish bones. Aromates Herbs used as a flavouring. Aromatic Having a distinctive and pleasant smell; fragrant. Derived from the Greek word aromatikos meaning ‘spice’. Assaisonner To season. Asseoir A French word meaning to ‘to seat’. Assiette A French word meaning to ‘place at table’. See also ashet. Assiette Anglaise A selection of sliced cold meats. Au Bleu A method of preparing and cooking trout in court-bouillon, a specific dish known as ‘truit au bleu’. Au Four Baked in an oven. Au Gratin Sprinkled with breadcrumbs, cheese or both and browned under a grill before serving. Translates as ‘with a crust’. Au Jus Describes a meat which is served in its own cooking juices. Translates as ‘with the juice‘. Au Naturel A food that is served plainly and simply, often uncooked unseasoned food. Translates as ‘in the natural state’. Au Vin Blanc Prepared with the addition of white wine. B Badam An Asian term, meaning an almond processed for cooking. Ballotine Fish, meat or poultry that has been boned, stuffed, rolled and tied in a bundle. Usually braised or poached. A term tradition


Where, in literature can you find Willy Nilly, Organ Morgan and Bessie Bighead?

Summary of 'Under Milkwood' (Higher School Certificate 1998) This is a very old set of notes on English texts, written for the NSW Higher School Certificate in 1998. It may be useful to students studying the text, but does not reflect any current syllabus. Summary of Under Milkwood (Higher School Certificate 1998) Under Milkwood, Dylan Thomas, 1972. Night and Dreams. First voice begins, night-time in Llareggub. The babies, boys, girls, women and men are dreaming. All is quiet. Captain Cat is dreaming of his past, the drowned are speaking to him. The sailors joke and laugh to him, all dead together, with Rosie Probert, whom many shared. Myfanwy Price, the dressmaker, is dreaming of Mog Edwards, the draper. Jack Black dreams joyfully of catching the 'naughty couples'. Evans Death, the undertaker dreams of a childhood day, stealing currants from his mother. Mister Waldo dreams of his mother and his wife. The neighbours gossip - he is a bad man, he is playing behind his wife's back. When his wife is dead, the neighbours gossip about Little Master Waldo that was, creating mischief and kissing girls. Mrs Ogmore-Pritchard is in her clean bed, instructing her dead husbands on their daily duties. Gossamer Beynon dreams of her 'small rough ready man'. Organ Morgan cries out at a symphony of neighbourhood chaos in his street. Mr Utah Watkins wakes all night, counting wife-sheep, who bleat and knit. Cherry Owen wakes at the pub with his bottle. PC Attila Rees rises in haste and is dragged back to bed. Willy Nilly delivers the post and spanks his wife. Butcher Beynon's teasing extends into his wife's dreams, and he is prosecuting for selling unsavoury and illegal varieties of meat. The cries of the dreamers echo around each other. And the Reverend Eli Jenkins dreams of Eisteddfodau poetry, Mr Pugh dreams he is pretending to sleep, to be able to murder his wife. Mrs Organ Morgan takes refuge in the silence of her dreams. Mary Ann Sailors dreams of Eden. Dai Bread dreams of harems, Polly Garter of babies, Nogood Boyo of nothing, and Lord Cut-Glass of clocks. "Young girls lie bedded soft or glide in their dreams, with rings and trousseaux, bridesmaided by glow-worms down the aisles of the organ playing wood. The boys are dreaming wicked or of the bucking ranches of the night and the jollyrodgered sea." - First Voice, male and female theme. "Time passes. Listen. Time passes." - First Voice. "From where you are, you can hear their dreams." - First Voice. "Oh my dead dears!" - Captain Cat. "And all the bells of the tills of the town shall ring for our wedding. [Noise of money-tills and chapel bells]" - Mog Edwards. "Oh, what'll the neighbours say, what'll the neighbours..." - Mrs Waldo. "To be your awful wedded wife" - Preacher. "Alone until she dies, Bessie Bighead..." - First Voice "saliva and snowflakes and moulted feathers of dreams..." - Second Voice. "Mr Pugh, schoolmaster, fathoms asleep, pretends to be sleeping..." - First Voice Morning. The First Voice speaks of the hill, with all the town sleeping below. The Guide-Book comes, in giving an outsider's perspective of the town - that there is nothing of interest within it, excepting a quaint feel of the past. When the cock crows, the sun rises. Captain Cat pulls the bell-rope. Reverend Eli Jenkins, rises, dresses, and recites his poetry to Coronation Street. Lily Smalls wakes, and sings a song to her ugly reflection, and then leans close to the mirror and breathes her lover's name. Mrs Beynon cries out to her, and Lily mutters under her breath as she takes the tea down. Mr Pugh walks down stairs, gleefully reciting the poisons he could place in tea. Mrs Pugh complains the tea is too sugary, or too milky. She takes her glasses, and snipes about Lily Smalls washing the steps. She sees PC Attila Rees, and wonders whether he is abut to arrest Polly Garter, for having babies. Mary Ann Sailors opens her window and cries out her age to the town. Organ Morgan is playing. Mr Dai Bread is in a hurry, and curses his wives. His wives reveal their different functions and personalities - one the r


Which other flag was raised on Mount Everest alongside the flags of Great Britain and Nepal by Hillary and Tensing in 1953?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1953: Hillary and Tenzing conquer Everest About This Site | Text Only 1953: Hillary and Tenzing conquer Everest The New Zealander Edmund Hillary, and the Nepalese Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, have become the first to reach the summit of Mount Everest on the Nepal-Tibet border. They reached the top of the world at 1130 local time after a gruelling climb up the southern face. A symmetrical, beautiful snow cone summit Edmund Hillary The two men hugged each other with relief and joy but only stayed on the summit for 15 minutes because they were low on oxygen. Mr Hillary took several photographs of the scenery and of Sherpa Tenzing waving flags representing Britain, Nepal, the United Nations and India. Sherpa Tenzing buried some sweets and biscuits in the snow as a Buddhist offering to the gods. They looked for signs of George Mallory and Andrew "Sandy" Irvine who had disappeared in 1924 in a similar attempt to conquer Everest, but found nothing. Then they began the slow and tortuous descent to rejoin their team leader Colonel John Hunt further down the mountain at Camp VI. When he saw the two men looking so exhausted Col Hunt assumed they had failed to reach the summit and started planning another attempt. But then the two climbers pointed to the mountain and signalled they had reached the top, and there were celebrations all round. Careful planning Col Hunt attributed the successful climb to advice from other mountaineers who had attempted the feat over the years, careful planning, excellent open-circuit oxygen equipment and good weather. Mr Hillary described the peak, which is 29,028 feet (8,847 m) above sea level, as "a symmetrical, beautiful snow cone summit". He was one of the members of the expedition led by Eric Shipton in 1951 that discovered the southern route to the top of the mountain. A year later, Tenzing reached the record height of 28,215 feet (8,599 m) during a Swiss expedition led by Raymond Lambert. Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest, the surveyor-general of India who was the first to produce detailed maps of the Indian subcontintent including the Himalayas.


Pluto discovered - Feb 18, 1930 - HISTORY.com Pluto discovered Publisher A+E Networks Pluto, once believed to be the ninth planet, is discovered at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, by astronomer Clyde W. Tombaugh. The existence of an unknown ninth planet was first proposed by Percival Lowell, who theorized that wobbles in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune were caused by the gravitational pull of an unknown planetary body. Lowell calculated the approximate location of the hypothesized ninth planet and searched for more than a decade without success. However, in 1929, using the calculations of Powell and W.H. Pickering as a guide, the search for Pluto was resumed at the Lowell Observatory in Arizona. On February 18, 1930, Tombaugh discovered the tiny, distant planet by use of a new astronomic technique of photographic plates combined with a blink microscope. His finding was confirmed by several other astronomers, and on March 13, 1930–the anniversary of Lowell’s birth and of William Hershel’s discovery of Uranus–the discovery of Pluto was publicly announced. With a surface temperature estimated at approximately -360 Fahrenheit, Pluto was appropriately given the Roman name for the god of the underworld in Greek mythology. Pluto’s average distance from the sun is nearly four billion miles, and it takes approximately 248 years to complete one orbit. It also has the most elliptical and tilted orbit of any planet, and at its closest point to the sun it passes inside the orbit of Neptune, the eighth planet. After its discovery, some astronomers questioned whether Pluto had sufficient mass to affect the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. In 1978, James Christy and Robert Harrington discovered Pluto’s only known moon, Charon, which was determined to have a diameter of 737 miles to Pluto’s 1,428 miles. Together, it was thought that Pluto and Charon formed a double-planet system, which was of ample enough mass to cause wobbles in Uranus’ and Neptune’s orbits. In August 2006, however, the International Astronomical Union announced that Pluto would no longer be considered a planet, due to new rules that said planets must “clear the neighborhood around its orbit.” Since Pluto’s oblong orbit overlaps that of Neptune, it was disqualified. Related Videos


Which Chancellor of the Exchequer introduced Premium Bonds?

Premium bonds: limit rises to £50,000, but will you win more? - Telegraph Savings Premium bonds: limit rises to £50,000, but will you win more? NS&I is increasing the cap on Premium Bonds from Monday, and savers are  expected to buy billions more bonds as a result Premium Bonds were officially launched by Harold Macmillan, Chancellor of the Exchequer, in his 1956 Budget  Comments The maximum savers can invest in National Savings & Investment's Premium Bonds is set to rise from £40,000 to £50,000 on Monday. This is the second time in two years that the Government's savings arm has increased the total cap to its prize draw savings product. Premium Bonds are Britain's most popular savings product, with £53bn invested. Yet rates are relatively low – savers earn just 1.35pc on average, according to the average prize rate offered. Each £1 bond has an equal chance of winning and savers never lose capital, so the more bonds savers own, the higher their chance of receiving a payout. Saving the old maximum £40,000 in Premium Bonds earns, on average, roughly £450 in one year, according to MoneySavingExpert.com's calculator . Saving a further £10,000 could win an extra £100. An influx of money is expected on Monday when then new limit comes into force. In June 2014, NS&I upped the total limit from £30,000 to £40,000, which was the first increase for more than 10 years. As a result, savers poured their money into the bonds, and since June last year the total invested in Premium Bonds has increased by £6bn (from around £47bn to £53.4bn), NS&I said. • Martin Lewis: Six reasons why Isas still beat other savings accounts NS&I Premium Bonds give bondholders the opportunity to win cash prizes in a lottery-style draw every month, as a replacement for earning interest on their money in a savings account or another form of investment. Every month a draw is held with prizes ranging from £25 to two £1m jackpots. The odds of winning any prize is 26,000 to 1, and if you have £40,000 invested you're nearly 2,000 times more likely to win £1m than you are to win nothing, calculations by Telegraph Money found. A quarter of a million savers currently have the maximum £40,000 deposited in bonds. Martin Lewis, founder of MoneySavingExpert, has long been a critic of the bonds. He said the product hooked people on a “dream” of winning big, which for most never comes true. “For better odds, put your money in a top savings account, then use the interest to buy lottery tickets,” he said.


The flag of which of the United States of America incorporates a Union Jack?

flag of Hawaii | United States state flag | Britannica.com United States state flag U.S. state flag consisting of alternating horizontal stripes of white, red, and blue with the Union Jack in the canton. Related Topics flag of Canada In 1793 Captain George Vancouver from Great Britain presented the Union Jack to the conquering king Kamehameha I , who was then uniting the islands into a single state; the Union Jack flew unofficially as the flag of Hawaii until 1816. That year Western advisers to the king recommended the addition of red, white, and blue stripes to the Union Jack, thus creating a distinctive national flag for the country. After a brief British occupation of Hawaii in 1843, King Kamehameha III set the number of stripes on the national flag at eight, corresponding to the major islands. There were also other Hawaiian flags, including a naval ensign, a jack, and a royal standard. American business interests supported the overthrow of the Hawaiian government in January 1893, whereupon they hoisted the Stars and Stripes . Rebuffed in their attempt to secure annexation by the United States, the new leaders proclaimed Hawaii a republic in 1894 under its former national flag. On August 12, 1898, however, Hawaii became a U.S. territory, and 61 years later it was admitted to the Union as the 50th state. The former national flag of the kingdom and the republic was adopted, unchanged, by both the territory and the state. There is no official symbolism for the colours, which were probably influenced by the national symbols of other Pacific island kingdoms as well as by the flags of the foreign powers that first visited Hawaii (the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia , and France ).


How many test centuries did Don Bradman score?

Bradman's runs and records Bradman's runs and records If Bradman had scored just four runs in his last Test innings at The Oval   in 1948, he would have finished with a Test average of 100 runs an innings   - a level of performance unchallenged by any other batsman at the time, before   or since. Bradman was bowled second ball by England's Eric Hollies for a duck. Perfectionists    and cricket enthusiasts alike will mourn that dismissal forever. The man himself had a different view. Don Bradman played in 52 Test matches for Australia from 1928 to        1948. World War II interrupted his career at its peak. He batted 80 times against England, the West Indies, South           Africa and India for 6996 runs at that average of 99.94. Bradman made 29 Test hundreds. Discounting his 10 not outs and his multiple hundreds, this           means Bradman exceeded the century more often than every           third time he went out to bat. His nearest contemporary in batting genius, England's Walter           Hammond, made only 253 more runs in 33 more Test matches and           another 60 innings at an average of 41 less than Bradman.           Hammond's 22 hundreds came at a rate greater than every sixth           time he went out to bat. Bradman made 12 Test double-centuries or more, with 334 and           304 against England and 299 not out against South Africa the           highest. In all first-class cricket Don Bradman scored 28,067 runs           at an average of 95.14 with 117 centuries and a highest score           of 452 not out. He hit 37 double-centuries, six of them over           300. Compare         that with the likes of the modern         day masters such as Border, Lara and Tendulkar. Yet the cricket career of Sir Donald Bradman cannot be measured          in mere facts and figures. The Don gave enjoyment not to thousand          of people, but to millions. And he didn't mind enjoying himself, either. In 1931 he scored 100 runs in three overs! NSW cricketer            Wendell Bill was batting at the other end. So there it is : 99.94. It is six-hundredths of a sharp             single short of 100, or one step down the wicket to the             slow bowlers. Some cricket purists are glad Bradman didn't hit that              solitary boundary and leave the game with a permanent              century against his name. His failure to do so proves to them that even the               greatest in the game isn't as great as the game itself.


Which German footballer won the Golden Boot at the 2010 World Cup?

World Cup 2010 top scorer: Thomas Müller wins the Golden Boot - Telegraph Germany World Cup 2010 top scorer: Thomas Müller wins the Golden Boot Germany's Thomas Müller has won the Golden Boot after finishing as the World  Cup 2010 top scorer and has also been named as the young player of the  tournament. Top scorer: Germany's Thomas Müller has claimed the World Cup Golden Boot Photo: AFP By Paul Garbett 11:16PM BST 11 Jul 2010 The Germany attacker claimed the accolade after Holland's Wesley Sneijder and Spain's David Villa failed to hit the net during Spain's famous 1-0 win at the Soccer City stadium. The 20 year-old German starlet was also named Young Player of the World Cup, capping an incredible tournament in South Africa, having scored five goals from just five shots on target. Müller's three assists put him ahead of other players on five goals, with Diego Forlan of Uruguay, Wesley Sneijder of Holland and David Villa of Spain missing out on the Golden Boot trophy. With the tournament boasting a host of star attacking players, few would have predicted that Müller would have such a big impact on football's biggest stage. The German youngster plays his club football for Bayern Munich and was a leading figure in Germany's under-21 set-up before being called up to the senior squad for a friendly against Argentina in March. Related Articles


'The Sun is God' are reputedly the famous last words of which British artist?

William Turner Biography Self Portrait c. 1799 Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, England. His father, William Gay Turner (27 January 1738 – 7 August 1829), was a barber and wig maker. His mother, Mary Marshall, became increasingly mentally unstable, perhaps, in part, due to the early death of Turner's younger sister, Helen Turner, in 1786. She died in 1804, after having been committed to a mental asylum in 1799. Possibly due to the load placed on the family by these problems, the young Turner was sent to stay with his uncle on his mother's side in Brentford in 1785, which was then a small town west of London on the banks of the River Thames. It was here that he first expressed an interest in painting. A year later he went to school in Margate on the north-east Kent coast. By this time he had created many drawings, which his father exhibited in his shop window. He entered the Royal Academy of Art schools in 1789, when he was only 14 years old, and was accepted into the academy a year later. Sir Joshua Reynolds, president of the Royal Academy at the time, chaired the panel that admitted him. At first Turner showed a keen interest in architecture but was advised to keep to painting by the architect Thomas Hardwick (junior). A watercolour of Turner's was accepted for the Summer Exhibition of 1790 after only one year's study. He exhibited his first oil painting in 1796, Fishermen at Sea, and thereafter exhibited at the academy nearly every year for the rest of his life. her Last Berth to be broken up 1838 39 Although renowned for his oils, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as "the painter of light". One of his most famous oil paintings is The fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up, painted in 1838, which hangs in the National Gallery, London. Turner travelled widely in Europe, starting with France and Switzerland in 1802 and studying in the Louvre in Paris in the same year. He also made many visits to Venice. On a visit to Lyme Regis, in Dorset, England, he painted a stormy scene (now in the Cincinnati Art Museum). Important support for his works also came from Walter Ramsden Fawkes, of Farnley Hall, near Otley in Yorkshire, who became a close friend of the artist. Turner first visited Otley in 1797, aged 22, when commissioned to paint watercolours of the area. He was so attracted to Otley and the surrounding area that he returned time and time again. The stormy backdrop of Hannibal Crossing The Alps is reputed to have been inspired by a storm over Otley's Chevin while Turner was staying at Farnley Hall. Turner was also a frequent guest of George O'Brien Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont at Petworth House in West Sussex and painted scenes from the grounds of the house and of the Sussex countryside, including a view of the Chichester Canal that Egremont funded. Petworth House still displays a number of paintings. Thunder Storm Approaching As he grew older, Turner became more eccentric. He had few close friends except for his father, who lived with him for thirty years, eventually working as his studio assistant. His father's death in 1829 had a profound effect on him, and thereafter he was subject to bouts of depression. He never married, although he had two daughters by Sarah Danby, one born in 1801, the other in 1811. He died in the house of his mistress Sophia Caroline Booth in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea on 19 December 1851. He is said to have uttered the last words "The sun is God" before expiring. At his request he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds. His last exhibition at the Royal Academy was in 1850. The architect Philip Hardwick (1792–1870) who was a friend of Turner's and also the son of the artist's tutor, Thomas Hardwick, was one in charge of his funeral arrangements and wrote to those who knew Turner to tell them at the time of his death that "I must inform you, we have lost him". Style Burning of the Houses of Parliament Turner's talent was recognised early in his life


The Latin 'Dunelm' relates to which Church of England diocese?

Diocese of Durham - Wikishire Diocese of Durham durham.anglican.org The Diocese of Durham is a Church of England diocese covering County Durham . The episcopal seat is Durham Cathedral, a massive early gothic cathedral around which the City of Durham was built. The Diocese was created in 883 as the Diocese of Chester-le-Street , but in 995 the body of St Cuthbert was brought from Chester to the defensive hill at Durham and the bishopric became the Diocese of Durham in that year of around 1000, and this led to the founding of the city. Legend states that the Order of St Cuthbert brought the saint's body here and the body could not be moved from the spot, so the cathedral was built at the peal of the hill, where Cuthbert's body would rest. The Bishop of Durham lives not in the city but at Auckland Castle in Bishop Auckland . The diocese's administrative centre, the Diocesan Office, is located in the Scotland Wing of Auckland Castle. Contents History Origins The line of bishops of Durham stretches back to the 10th century, when Aldhun (995-1018), transferred his see to Durham. At the time the Diocese included County Durham and Northumberland , as it did until the nineteenth century. The Bishop has a uniquely powerful position in the Middle Ages due to the perious state of the north in those days. 7th and 8th century Kingdom of Northumbria , which stretched from the Humber estuary to the Firth of Forth . Subsequently the Kingdom came under Danish]] and English sovereignty and was transformed into an Earldom. When William the Conqueror became king of England in 1066, he soon realised the need to control Northumbria to protect his kingdom from Scottish incursions. He gained the allegiance of both the Bishop of Durham and the Earl of Northumbria by confirming their privileges and acknowledging the remote independence of Northumbria. To quell rebellions, William installed Robert Comine, a Norman noble, as the Earl of Northumberland, but Comine and his 700 men were massacred in Durham. In revenge, the King raided Northumbria in the Harrying of the North. Aethelwine, the English Bishop of Durham, tried to flee with Northumbrian treasures, but was caught and imprisoned. He later died in confinement, leaving his see vacant for William to the King to appoint William Walcher as bishop of Durham in 1071. Prince-Bishops Durham Cathedral The King appointed Waltheof, an Anglo-Saxon of the old Northumbria house, as the new Earl. Bishop William was on friendly terms with Earl Waltheof, who built a castle at Durham for the bishop. After another rebellion, Waltheof was executed in 1075 and in his place William Walcher was appointed Earl, becoming the first "Prince Bishop", never an official title but a fair description of the extraordinary powers enjoyed by the bishops. Walcher was well-intentioned but proved an incompetent leader. He was murdered in Gateshead in 1081. King [[William II divided the Earldom into two parts: the lands north of the rivers Tyne and Derwent were ruled by the Earls of Northumberland, while the lands south of the rivers were put under the control of the Bishop of Durham. The lands ruled by the bishops became known as the 'County Palatine of Durham', a defensive buffer zone between England and the Northumbria-Scottish borderland. Due to its strategic importance and its remoteness from London , the County Palatinate became a virtually autonomous entity, in which the Prince-Bishop possessed the powers of a King. Specifically, the Prince-Bishops had the authority to hold their own parliaments administer the forests mint their own coins For a period, Carlisle was also placed under the bishop's jurisdiction, to protect the northwest of England. Durham's exceptional status reached its zenith by 1300, when Bishop Antony Beck remarked that: “ There are two kings in England, namely the Lord King of England, wearing a crown in sign of his regality and the Lord Bishop of Durham wearing a mitre in place of a crown, in sign of his regality in the diocese of Durham. ” The Bishop's remarks were not well received at court, but his


In which year between the World Wars did Britain go off the Gold Standard?

FDR takes United States off gold standard - Jun 05, 1933 - HISTORY.com This Day in History - June 5, 1968, Senator Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated in the Ambassador Hotel by 24-year old Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. He was shot in the head and died early the next morning. Lead Story FDR takes United States off gold standard Share this: FDR takes United States off gold standard Author FDR takes United States off gold standard URL Publisher A+E Networks On June 5, 1933, the United States went off the gold standard, a monetary system in which currency is backed by gold, when Congress enacted a joint resolution nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold. The United States had been on a gold standard since 1879, except for an embargo on gold exports during World War I, but bank failures during the Great Depression of the 1930s frightened the public into hoarding gold, making the policy untenable. Soon after taking office in March 1933, Roosevelt declared a nationwide bank moratorium in order to prevent a run on the banks by consumers lacking confidence in the economy. He also forbade banks to pay out gold or to export it. According to Keynesian economic theory, one of the best ways to fight off an economic downturn is to inflate the money supply. And increasing the amount of gold held by the Federal Reserve would in turn increase its power to inflate the money supply. Facing similar pressures, Britain had dropped the gold standard in 1931, and Roosevelt had taken note. On April 5, 1933, Roosevelt ordered all gold coins and gold certificates in denominations of more than $100 turned in for other money. It required all persons to deliver all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates owned by them to the Federal Reserve by May 1 for the set price of $20.67 per ounce. By May 10, the government had taken in $300 million of gold coin and $470 million of gold certificates. Two months later, a joint resolution of Congress abrogated the gold clauses in many public and private obligations that required the debtor to repay the creditor in gold dollars of the same weight and fineness as those borrowed.  In 1934, the government price of gold was increased to $35 per ounce, effectively increasing the gold on the Federal Reserve’s balance sheets by 69 percent. This increase in assets allowed the Federal Reserve to further inflate the money supply. The government held the $35 per ounce price until August 15, 1971, when President Richard Nixon announced that the United States would no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value, thus completely abandoning the gold standard. In 1974, President Gerald Ford signed legislation that permitted Americans again to own gold bullion. Related Videos