What age was Queen Elizabeth II at her coronation in 1953?

Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II - Jun 02, 1953 - HISTORY.com Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II Share this: Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II Author Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II URL Publisher A+E Networks On June 2, 1953, Queen Elizabeth II is formally crowned monarch of the United Kingdom in a lavish ceremony steeped in traditions that date back a millennium. A thousand dignitaries and guests attended the coronation at London’s Westminster Abbey, and hundreds of millions listened on radio and for the first time watched the proceedings on live television. After the ceremony, millions of rain-drenched spectators cheered the 27-year-old queen and her husband, the 30-year-old duke of Edinburgh, as they passed along a five-mile procession route in a gilded horse-drawn carriage. Elizabeth, born in 1926, was the first-born daughter of Prince George, the second son of King George V. Her grandfather died in 1936, and her uncle was proclaimed King Edward VIII. Later that year, however, Edward abdicated over the controversy surrounding his decision to marry Wallis Warfield Simpson, an American divorcee, and Elizabeth’s father was proclaimed King George VI in his place. During the Battle of Britain, Princess Elizabeth and her only sibling, Princess Margaret, lived away from London in the safety of the countryside, but their parents endeared themselves to their subjects by remaining in bomb-damaged Buckingham Palace throughout the German air offensive. Later in the war, Elizabeth trained as a second lieutenant in the women’s services and drove and repaired military trucks. In 1947, she married her distant cousin, Philip Mountbatten, a former prince of Greece and Denmark who renounced his titles in order to marry Elizabeth. He was made duke of Edinburgh on the eve of the wedding. The celebrations surrounding the wedding of the popular princess lifted the spirits of the people of Britain, who were enduring economic difficulties in the aftermath of World War II. Their first child, Prince Charles, was born in 1948 at Buckingham Palace. A second, Princess Anne, was born in 1950. On February 6, 1952, the royal couple were in Kenya in the midst of a goodwill tour when they learned the king had died. Elizabeth was immediately proclaimed Britain’s new monarch but remained in seclusion for the first three months of her reign as she mourned her father. During the summer of 1952, she began to perform routine duties of the sovereign, and in November she carried out her first state opening of the Parliament. On June 2, 1953, her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey. The ceremony at Westminster was one of pomp and pageantry, and the characteristically poised Elizabeth delivered in a solemn and clear voice the coronation oath that bound her to the service of the people of Great Britain and the British Commonwealth. In the procession through the streets of London that followed, Elizabeth and her husband were joined by representatives from the more than 40 member states of the Commonwealth, including heads of state, sultans, and prime ministers. British troops like the Yeomen of the Guard were joined by a great variety of Commonwealth troops, including police from the Solomon Islands, Malaysians in white uniforms and green sarongs, Pakistanis in puggaree headdresses, Canadian Mounties, and New Zealanders and Australians in wide-brimmed hats. After the parade, Elizabeth stood with her family on the Buckingham Palace balcony and waved to the crowd as jet planes of the Royal Air Force flew across the Mall in tight formation. In five decades of rule, Queen Elizabeth II’s popularity has hardly subsided. She has traveled more extensively than any other British monarch and was the first reigning British monarch to visit South America and the Persian Gulf countries. In addition to Charles and Anne, she and Philip have had two other children, Prince Andrew in 1960 and Prince Edward in 1964. In 1992, Elizabeth, the wealthiest woman in England, agreed to pay income tax for the first time. On April 21, 2006, Queen Elizabeth turned 80, making her the third


In 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay became the first men to reach the summit of which mountain?

Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay - 1953 Everest Article Everest 1953: First Footsteps - Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay National Geographic revisits the 1953 British summit to Everest when the first people stood atop the world's highest mountain. View Images Edmund Hillary (left) and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay reached the 29,035-foot summit of Everest on May 29, 1953, becoming the first people to stand atop the world's highest mountain. Photograph by AP Excerpted From "50 Years on Everest," by Contributing Editor David Roberts, National Geographic Adventure, April 2003 By today's standards, the 1953 British expedition, under the military-style leadership of Sir John Hunt, was massive in the extreme, but in an oddly bottom-heavy way: 350 porters, 20 Sherpas, and tons of supplies to support a vanguard of only ten climbers. "Our climbers were all chosen as potential summiters," recalls George Band, 73, who was one of the party. Fifty years later, Band's memory of the campaign remains undimmed. "The basic plan was for two summit attempts, each by a pair of climbers, with a possible third assault if necessary. On such expeditions the leader tends to designate the summit pairs quite late during the expedition, when he sees how everybody is performing." Anxiety over who is chosen for the summit team would be a hallmark of major Everest expeditions for decades to come. But never again would the stakes be quite so high. By the spring of 1953, the ascent of the world's highest mountain was beginning to seem inevitable. First attempted in 1921 by the British, Everest had repulsed at least ten major expeditions and two lunatic solo attempts. With the 1950 discovery of a southern approach to the mountain in newly opened Nepal, and the first ascent of the treacherous Khumbu Icefall the following year, what would come to be known by the 1990s as the "yellow brick road" to the summit had been identified. At first it seemed the Swiss would claim the prize. In 1952 a strong Swiss team that included legendary alpinist Raymond Lambert had pioneered the route up the steep Lhotse Face and reached the South Col. From that high, broad saddle, Lambert and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay then pushed all the way to 28,210 feet (8,598 meters) on the Southeast Ridge before turning back—probably as high as anyone had ever stood on Earth. Now the British were determined to bring every possible advantage to their spring 1953 offensive—including hiring Tenzing, 38, as their lead Sherpa, or sirdar. Earlier British expeditions, though impressive in their accomplishments, were often charmingly informal in style. Hunt's intricately planned assault, on the other hand, was all business. "You get there fastest with the mostest," observes mountaineering pundit Ken Wilson. "You have a military leader who is totally in tune with that philosophy, and you don't dink around in an amateur sort of clubby way." From the start, the 33-year-old beekeeper Edmund Hillary (not yet Sir Edmund) was a strong contender for one of the summit slots. "It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness," Band says. The heavily glaciated peaks of his native New Zealand had proved a perfect training ground for the Himalaya. Hillary earned respect early in the expedition by leading the team that forced a route through the Khumbu Icefall. "A sleeves-rolled-up, get-things-done man," Wilson calls him. Still, logistical snafus, the failure of a number of stalwarts to acclimatize, and problems with some of the experimental oxygen sets stalled the expedition badly. The team took a troubling 12 days to retrace the Swiss route on the Lhotse Face (in part, perhaps, because the British were not as experienced on difficult ice). In despair, Hunt began to wonder whether his party would even reach the South Col. The expedition finally gained the col—the vital staging area for a summit push—on May 21. This was late enough to be worrisome, for the monsoon, whose heavy snows would prohibit climbing, could arrive as early as June 1. Because they became the firs


What was the name of the 42 year old African-American who became famous for refusing to give her seat up to a white bus passenger in Alabama in 1955?

An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks | National Archives National History Day Topic Resources An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks On December 1, 1955, during a typical evening rush hour in Montgomery, Alabama, a 42-year-old woman took a seat on the bus on her way home from the Montgomery Fair department store where she worked as a seamstress. Before she reached her destination, she quietly set off a social revolution when the bus driver instructed her to move back, and she refused. Rosa Parks, an African American, was arrested that day for violating a city law requiring racial segregation of public buses. On the city buses of Montgomery, Alabama, the front 10 seats were permanently reserved for white passengers. The diagram shows that Mrs. Parks was seated in the first row behind those 10 seats. When the bus became crowded, the bus driver instructed Mrs. Parks and the other three passengers seated in that row, all African Americans, to vacate their seats for the white passengers boarding. Eventually, three of the passengers moved, while Mrs. Parks remained seated, arguing that she was not in a seat reserved for whites. James Blake, the driver, believed he had the discretion to move the line separating black and white passengers. The law was actually somewhat murky on that point, but when Mrs. Parks defied his order, he called the police. Officers Day and Mixon came and promptly arrested her. In police custody, Mrs. Parks was booked, fingerprinted, and briefly incarcerated. The police report shows that she was charged with "refusing to obey orders of bus driver." For openly challenging the racial laws of her city, she remained at great physical risk while held by the police, and her family was terrified for her. When she called home, she spoke to her mother, whose first question was "Did they beat you?" Mrs. Parks was not the first person to be prosecuted for violating the segregation laws on the city buses in Montgomery. She was, however, a woman of unchallenged character who was held in high esteem by all those who knew her. At the time of her arrest, Mrs. Parks was active in the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), serving as secretary to E.D. Nixon, president of the Montgomery chapter. Her arrest became a rallying point around which the African American community organized a bus boycott in protest of the discrimination they had endured for years. Martin Luther King, Jr., the 26-year-old minister of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, emerged as a leader during the well-coordinated, peaceful boycott that lasted 381 days and captured the world's attention. It was during the boycott that Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., first achieved national fame as the public became acquainted with his powerful oratory. After Mrs. Parks was convicted under city law, her lawyer filed a notice of appeal. While her appeal was tied up in the state court of appeals, a panel of three judges in the U.S. District Court for the region ruled in another case that racial segregation of public buses was unconstitutional. That case, called Browder v. Gayle, was decided on June 4, 1956. The ruling was made by a three-judge panel that included Frank M. Johnson, Jr., and upheld by the United States Supreme court on November 13, 1956. For a quiet act of defiance that resonated throughout the world, Rosa Parks is known and revered as the "Mother of the Civil Rights Movement." The documents shown here relating to Mrs. Parks's arrest are copies that were submitted as evidence in the Browder v. Gayle case. They are preserved by the National Archives at Atlanta in Morrow, Georgia, in Record Group 21, Records District Courts of the United States, U.S. District Court for Middle District of Alabama, Northern (Montgomery) Division. Civil Case 1147, Browder, et al v. Gayle, et al. Suggested Reading Bass, Jack. Taming the Storm?The Life and Times of Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. and the  South's Fight over Civil Rights. NY: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc.,  1993. Branch, Taylor. Parti


Who became Prime Minister of Cuba in 1959?

Castro sworn in - Feb 16, 1959 - HISTORY.com Castro sworn in Publisher A+E Networks On February 16, 1959, Fidel Castro is sworn in as prime minister of Cuba after leading a guerrilla campaign that forced right-wing dictator Fulgencio Batista into exile. Castro, who became commander in chief of Cuba’s armed forces after Batista was ousted on January 1, replaced the more moderate Miro Cardona as head of the country’s new provisional government. Castro was born in the Oriente province in eastern Cuba, the son of a Spanish immigrant who had made a fortune building rail systems to transport sugar cane. He became involved in revolutionary politics while a student and in 1947 took part in an abortive attempt by Dominican exiles and Cubans to overthrow Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo . In the next year, he took part in urban riots in Bogota, Colombia. The most outstanding feature of his politics during the period was his anti-American beliefs; he was not yet an overt Marxist. In 1951, he ran for a seat in the Cuban House of Representatives as a member of the reformist Ortodoxo Party, but General Batista seized power in a bloodless coup d’etat before the election could be held. Various groups formed to oppose Batista’s dictatorship, and on July 26, 1953, Castro led some 160 rebels in an attack on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba–Cuba’s second largest military base. Castro hoped to seize weapons and announce his revolution from the base radio station, but the barracks were heavily defended, and more than half his men were captured or killed. Castro was himself arrested and put on trial for conspiring to overthrow the Cuban government. During his trial, he argued that he and his rebels were fighting to restore democracy to Cuba, but he was nonetheless found guilty and sentenced to 15 years in prison. Two years later, Batista felt confident enough in his power that he granted a general amnesty for all political prisoners, including Castro. Castro then went with his brother Raul to Mexico , and they organized the revolutionary 26th of July Movement, enlisting recruits and joining up with Ernesto “Che” Guevara, an idealist Marxist from Argentina. On December 2, 1956, Castro and 81 armed men landed on the Cuban coast. All of them were killed or captured except for Castro, Raul, Che, and nine others, who retreated into the Sierra Maestra mountain range to wage a guerrilla war against the Batista government. They were joined by revolutionary volunteers from all over Cuba and won a series of victories over Batista’s demoralized army. Castro was supported by the peasantry, to whom he promised land reform, while Batista received aid from the United States, which bombed suspected revolutionary positions. By mid-1958, a number of other Cuban groups were also opposing Batista, and the United States ended military aid to his regime. In December, the 26th of July forces under Che Guevara attacked the city of Santa Clara, and Batista’s forces crumbled. Batista fled for the Dominican Republic on January 1, 1959. Castro, who had fewer than 1,000 men left at the time, took control of the Cuban government’s 30,000-man army. The other rebel leaders lacked the popular support the young and charismatic Castro enjoyed, and on February 16 he was sworn in as prime minister. The United States initially recognized the new Cuban dictator but withdrew its support after Castro launched a program of agrarian reform, nationalized U.S. assets on the island, and declared a Marxist government. Many of Cuba’s wealthier citizens fled to the United States, where they joined the CIA in its efforts to overthrow Castro’s regime. In April 1961, with training and support by the CIA, the Cuban exiles launched an ill-fated and unsuccessful invasion of Cuba known as the “Bay of Pigs.” The Soviet Union reacted to the attack by escalating its support to Castro’s communist government and in 1962 placed offensive nuclear missiles in Cuba. The discovery of the missiles by U.S. intelligence led to the tense “ Cuban Missile Crisis ,” which ended after the Soviets agreed to


The first credit card charge, using which credit card, was made in February 1950 at Major’s Cabin Grill in New York?

The history of credit cards The history of credit cards The history of credit cards By Ben Woolsey and Emily Starbuck Gerson Share this Story: Tweet As far back as the late 1800s, consumers and merchants exchanged goods through the concept of credit, using credit coins and charge plates as currency.  It wasn't until about half a century ago that plastic payments as we know them today became a way of life. Early beginnings In the early 1900s, oil companies and department stories issued their own proprietary cards, according to Stan Sienkiewicz, in a paper for the Philadelphia Federal Reserve entitled " Credit Cards and Payment Efficiency ." Such cards were accepted only at the business that issued the card and in limited locations. While modern credit cards are mainly used for convenience, these predecessor cards were developed as a means of creating customer loyalty and improving customer service, Sienkiewicz says. The first bank card, named "Charg-It," was introduced in 1946 by John Biggins, a banker in Brooklyn, according to MasterCard . When a customer used it for a purchase, the bill was forwarded to Biggins' bank. The bank reimbursed the merchant and obtained payment from the customer. The catches: Purchases could only be made locally, and Charg-It cardholders had to have an account at Biggins' bank. In 1951, the first bank credit card appeared in New York's Franklin National Bank for loan customers. It also could be used only by the bank's account holders. The Diners Club Card was the next step in credit cards. According to a representative from Diners Club, the story began in 1949 when a man named Frank McNamara had a business dinner in New York's Major's Cabin Grill. When the bill arrived, Frank realized he'd forgotten his wallet. He managed to find his way out of the pickle, but he decided there should be an alternative to cash. McNamara and his partner, Ralph Schneider, returned to Major's Cabin Grill in February of 1950 and paid the bill with a small, cardboard card. Coined the Diners Club Card and used mainly for travel and entertainment purposes, it claims the title of the first credit card in widespread use. Plastic debuts By 1951, there were 20,000 Diners Club cardholders. A decade later, the card was replaced with plastic. Diners Club Card purchases were made on credit, but it was technically a charge card, meaning the bill had to be paid in full at the end of each month. According to its archivist, American Express formed in 1850. It  specialized in deliveries as a competitor to the U.S. Postal Service, money orders (1882) and traveler's checks, which the company invented in 1891. The company discussed creating a travel charge card as early as 1946, but it was the launch of the rival Diners Club card that put things in motion. In 1958 the company emerged into the credit card industry with its own pruduct, a purple charge card for travel and entertainment expenses. In 1959, American Express introduced the first card made of plastic (previous cards were made of cardboard or celluloid).  American Express soon introduced local currency credit cards in other countries. About 1 million cards were being used at about 85,000 establishements within the first five years, both in and out of the U.S. In the 1990s, the company expanded into an all-purpose card. American Express, or Amex as it often is called, is about to celebrate its 50th credit card anniversary. Closed-loop system The Diners Club and American Express cards "functioned in what is known as a 'closed-loop' system, made up of the consumer, the merchant and the issuer of the card," Sienkiewicz writes. "In this structure, the issuer both authorizes and handles all aspects of the transaction and settles directly with both the consumer and the merchant." In 1959, the option of maintaining a revolving balance was introduced, according to MasterCard. This meant cardholders no longer had to pay off their full bills at the end of each cycle. While this carried the risk of accumulating finance charges, it gave customers greater flexibility in managing their mon


What was Elvis Presley’s first number one hit single, released in January 1956?

Elvis Presley [1956] - Elvis Presley | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic Elvis Presley [1956] google+ AllMusic Review               by Bruce Eder Today it all seems so easy -- RCA signs up the kid from Memphis, television gets interested at around the same time, and the rest is history. The circumstances surrounding this album were neither simple nor promising, however, nor was there anything in the history of popular music up to that time to hint that Elvis Presley was going to be anything other than " Steve Sholes ' folly," which was what rival executives were already whispering. So a lot was unsettled and untried at the first of two groups of sessions that produced the Elvis Presley album -- it wasn't even certain that there was any reason for a rock & roll artist to cut an album, because teenagers bought 45s, not LPs. The first of Elvis ' RCA sides yielded one song, "Heartbreak Hotel," that seemed a potential single, but which no one thought would sell, and a few tracks that would be good enough for an album, if there were one. But no one involved knew anything for sure about this music. Seventeen days later, "Heartbreak Hotel" was released, and for about a month it did nothing -- then it began to move, and then Elvis appeared on television, and had a number one pop single. The album Sholes wanted out of Elvis came from two groups of sessions in January and February, augmented by five previously unissued songs from the Sun library. This was as startling a debut record as any ever made, representing every side of Elvis ' musical influences except gospel -- rockabilly, blues, R&B, country, and pop were all here in an explosive and seductive combination. Elvis Presley became the first rock & roll album to reach the number one spot on the national charts, and RCA's first million dollar-earning pop album. Track Listing


In 1954, which British athlete broke the Four Minute Mile?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 6 | 1954: Bannister breaks four-minute mile About This Site | Text Only 1954: Bannister breaks four-minute mile Roger Bannister, a 25-year-old British medical student, has become the first man to run a mile in less than four minutes. His time was 3mins 59.4 seconds, achieved at the Iffley Road track in Oxford and watched by about 3,000 spectators. Bannister, once president of the Oxford club, was running for the Amateur Athletic Association against his old university during their annual match. The race was carefully planned and he was aided by two pacemakers, Chris Brasher and Chris Chataway. Brasher took the lead as the first pacemaker, Bannister slotted in behind, with Chataway in third place. When Brasher began to feel the strain, Bannister signalled for Chataway to take over. Just over 200 yards from the finish, Bannister took the lead with a final burst of energy. He sprinted to the line in record time and fell exhausted into the arms of a friend, the Rev Nicholas Stacey. Pandemonium broke out when spectators heard news that Bannister had officially beaten the four-minute mile. He had prepared for the race the previous week at Paddington Green in London in high winds. The weather at Iffley Road was not ideal for record-breaking - a 15mph crosswind with gusts of up to 25mph meant that Bannister nearly called off the attempt. Bannister has beaten his main rival to the record - Australian athlete John Landy. Both had run quite close to the time but the magic number four had proved elusive until now.


In which US state did the first Disney theme park open in 1955?

Disneyland opens - Jul 17, 1955 - HISTORY.com Disneyland opens Publisher A+E Networks Disneyland, Walt Disney’s metropolis of nostalgia, fantasy, and futurism, opens on July 17, 1955. The $17 million theme park was built on 160 acres of former orange groves in Anaheim, California, and soon brought in staggering profits. Today, Disneyland hosts more than 14 million visitors a year, who spend close to $3 billion. Walt Disney, born in Chicago in 1901, worked as a commercial artist before setting up a small studio in Los Angeles to produce animated cartoons. In 1928, his short film Steamboat Willy, starring the character “Mickey Mouse,” was a national sensation. It was the first animated film to use sound, and Disney provided the voice for Mickey. From there on, Disney cartoons were in heavy demand, but the company struggled financially because of Disney’s insistence on ever-improving artistic and technical quality. His first feature-length cartoon, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938), took three years to complete and was a great commercial success. Snow White was followed by other feature-length classics for children, such as Pinocchio (1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942). Fantasia (1940), which coordinated animated segments with famous classical music pieces, was an artistic and technical achievement. In Song of the South (1946), Disney combined live actors with animated figures, and beginning with Treasure Island in 1950 the company added live-action movies to its repertoire. Disney was also one of the first movie studios to produce film directly for television, and its Zorro and Davy Crockett series were very popular with children. In the early 1950s, Walt Disney began designing a huge amusement park to be built near Los Angeles. He intended Disneyland to have educational as well as amusement value and to entertain adults and their children. Land was bought in the farming community of Anaheim, about 25 miles southeast of Los Angeles, and construction began in 1954. In the summer of 1955, special invitations were sent out for the opening of Disneyland on July 17. Unfortunately, the pass was counterfeited and thousands of uninvited people were admitted into Disneyland on opening day. The park was not ready for the public: food and drink ran out, a women’s high-heel shoe got stuck in the wet asphalt of Main Street USA, and the Mark Twain Steamboat nearly capsized from too many passengers. Disneyland soon recovered, however, and attractions such as the Castle, Mr. Toad’s Wild Ride, Snow White’s Adventures, Space Station X-1, Jungle Cruise, and Stage Coach drew countless children and their parents. Special events and the continual building of new state-of-the-art attractions encouraged them to visit again. In 1965, work began on an even bigger Disney theme park and resort near Orlando, Florida. Walt Disney died in 1966, and Walt Disney World was opened in his honor on October 1, 1971. Epcot Center, Disney-MGM Studios, and Animal Kingdom were later added to Walt Disney World, and it remains Florida’s premier tourist attraction. In 1983, Disneyland Tokyo opened in Japan, and in 1992 Disneyland Paris–or “EuroDisney”–opened to a mixed reaction in Marne-la-Vallee. The newest Disneyland, in Hong Kong, opened its doors in September 2005. Related Videos


Which US actor, who appeared in the film ‘East of Eden’, died in a car accident in 1955?

James Dean Dies in Car Accident, September 30, 1955 James Dean Dies in Car Accident James Dean Dies in Car Accident September 30, 1955 The mangled remains of 'Little Bastard,' James Dean's Porsche Spyder sports car in which he died during a high-speed car crash, being towed by a tow truck, California. (1955).  (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) By Jennifer Rosenberg Updated January 06, 2016. On September 30, 1955, actor James Dean was driving his brand new Porsche 550 Spyder to an auto rally in Salinas, California when he was involved in a head-on collision with a 1950 Ford Tutor. James Dean, only 24 years old, died in the crash. Although already famous for his role in East of Eden, his death and the release of Rebel Without a Cause caused James Dean to soar to cult status. James Dean, forever frozen as the talented, misunderstood, rebellious youth, remains the symbol of teenage angst. Who Was James Dean? James Dean had appeared in a number of television shows before getting his "big break" in 1954 when he was chosen to play Cal Trask, the leading male role in the film East of Eden (1955). (This was the only one of Dean's films that was released before his death.) Quickly following East of Eden, James Dean was signed to play Jim Stark in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), the film for which Dean is best remembered. Immediately following the filming for Rebel Without a Cause, Dean played the lead role in Giant (1956). continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance (Both of these films were released after Dean's death.) James Dean Raced Cars As Dean's movie career began to "take off," James Dean also started to race cars. In March 1955, Dean raced in the Palm Springs Road Races and in May of that year he raced in the Minter Field Bakersfield race and the Santa Barbara Road Races. James Dean liked to speed. In September 1955, Dean replaced his white Porsche 356 Super Speedster with a new, silver Porsche 550 Spyder. Dean had the car specialized by having the number "130" painted on both the front and back. Also painted on the back of the car was "Little Bastard," Dean's nickname given to him by Bill Hickman (Dean's dialogue coach for Giant). The Accident On September 30, 1955, James Dean was driving his new Porsche 550 Spyder to an auto rally in Salinas, California when the fatal accident occurred. Originally planning to tow the Porsche to the rally, Dean changed his mind at the last minute and decided to drive the Porsche instead. While Dean and Rolf Wuetherich (Dean's mechanic) rode in the Porsche, Dean had photographer Sanford Roth and friend Bill Hickman follow him in his Ford station wagon, which had a trailer for the Spyder attached. En route to Salinas, Dean was pulled over by police officers near Bakersfield for speeding around 3:30 p.m. After being stopped, Dean and Wuetherich continued on their way. Two hours later, around 5:30 p.m., they were driving westbound on Highway 466 (now called State Route 46), when a 1950 Ford Tutor pulled out in front of them. Twenty-three-year-old Donald Turnupseed, who was driving the Ford Tutor, has been traveling east on Highway 466 and was attempting to make a left turn onto Highway 41. Unfortunately, Turnupseed had already started to make his turn before he saw the roaring Porsche traveling quickly toward him. Without time to turn, the two cars smashed nearly head-on. The injuries among the three involved in the crash varied greatly. Turnupseed, the driver of the Ford, only received minor injuries from the accident. Rolf Wuetherich, the passenger in the Porsche, was lucky to be thrown from the Porsche and thus suffered serious head injuries and a broken leg, but survived the crash. James Dean, however, was killed in the accident. Dean was only 24-years-old when he died in the car accident. Posthumous Academy Awards In 1956, James Dean was nominated for Best Leading Actor for his role in East of Eden, which made Dean the first person in history to receive an Academy Award nomination posthumously. In 1957, Dean was again nominated for Best Leading Actor, this


What type of animal was Laika, who was the first living animal to orbit the Earth in Sputnik 2, launched by Russia?

Laika the Dog - First Animal in Outer Space, 1957 Laika the Dog Laika the Dog The First Animal in Orbit Laika, Russian cosmonaut dog, 1957. Laika was the first animal to orbit the Earth, travelling on board the Sputnik 2 spacraft launched on 3 November 1957.  (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images) Updated November 03, 2015. Who Was Laika the Dog? Aboard the Soviet's Sputnik 2, Laika, a dog, became the very first living creature to enter orbit. However, since the Soviets did not create a re-entry plan, Laika died in space. Laika's death sparked debates about animal rights around the world. Dates: Launched on November 3, 1957 Also Known As: Kudryavka; Layka; Muttnik Three Weeks to Build a Rocket The Cold War was only a decade old when the space race between the Soviet Union and the United States began. On October 4, 1957, the Soviets were the first to successfully launch a rocket into space with their launch of Sputnik 1, a basketball-sized satellite. Approximately a week after Sputnik 1's successful launch, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev suggested that another rocket be launched into space to mark the 40th anniversary of the Russian Revolution on November 7, 1957. That left Soviet engineers only three weeks to fully design and build a new rocket. Choosing a Dog The Soviets, in ruthless competition with the United States, wanted to make another "first;" so they decided to send the first living creature into orbit. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know While Soviet engineers hurriedly worked on the design, three stray dogs (Albina, Mushka, and Laika) were extensively tested and trained for the flight. The dogs were confined in small places, subjected to extremely loud noises and vibrations, and made to wear a newly created space suit. All of these tests were to condition the dogs to the experiences they would likely have during the flight. Though all three did well, it was Laika who was chosen to board Sputnik 2. Into the Module Laika, which means "barker" in Russian, was a three-year old, stray mutt that weighed 13 pounds and had a calm demeanor. She was placed in her restrictive module several days in advance. Right before launch, Laika was covered in an alcohol solution and painted with iodine in several spots so that sensors could be placed on her. The sensors were to monitor her heartbeat, blood pressure, and other bodily functions to understand any physical changes that might occur in space. Although Laika's module was restrictive, it was padded and had just enough room for her to lay down or stand as she wished. She also had access to special, gelatinous, space food made for her. Launch On November 3, 1957, Sputnik 2 launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome (now located in Kazakhstan near the Aral Sea ). The rocket successfully reached space and the spacecraft, with Laika inside, began to orbit the Earth. The spacecraft circled the Earth every hour and 42 minutes, traveling approximately 18,000 miles per hour.  As the world watched and waited for news of Laika's condition, the Soviet Union announced that a recovery plan had not been established for Laika. With only three weeks to create the new spacecraft, they did not have time to create a way for Laika to make it home. The de facto plan was for Laika to die in space. Laika Dies in Space Although all agree that Laika made it into orbit, there had long been a question as to how long she lived after that. Some said that the plan was for her to live for several days and that her last food allotment was poisoned. Others said she died four days into the trip when there was an electrical burnout and the interior temperatures rose dramatically. And still others said she died five to seven hours into the flight from stress and heat.  The true story of when Laika died was not revealed until 2002, when Soviet scientist Dimitri Malashenkov addressed the World Space Congress in Houston, Texas. Malashenkov ended four decades of speculation when he amitted that Laika had died from overheating just hours after the launch. Long a


Which film, starring Yul Brynner and Deborah Kerr, was released in June 1956?

The King and I (1956) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The King and I ( 1956 ) Approved | A widow accepts a job as a live-in governess to the King of Siam's children. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 24 titles created 02 May 2014 a list of 43 titles created 10 May 2014 a list of 47 titles created 30 Nov 2015 a list of 31 titles created 10 months ago a list of 26 titles created 3 months ago Title: The King and I (1956) 7.5/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 5     Oscars. Another    5 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards  » Videos In the Oklahoma territory at the turn of the twentieth century, two young cowboys vie with an evil ranch hand and a traveling peddler for the hearts of the women they love. Director: Fred Zinnemann On a South Pacific island during World War II, love blooms between a young nurse and a secretive Frenchman who's being courted for a dangerous military mission. Director: Joshua Logan The Egyptian Prince, Moses, learns of his true heritage as a Hebrew and his divine mission as the deliverer of his people. Director: Cecil B. DeMille     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.9/10 X   Billy Bigelow has been dead for fifteen years, and now outside the pearly gates, he long waived his right to go back to Earth for a day. But he has heard that there is a problem with his ... See full summary  » Director: Henry King In 1850 Oregon, when a backwoodsman brings a wife home to his farm, his six brothers decide that they want to get married too. Director: Stanley Donen Harold Hill poses as a boys' band leader to con naive Iowa townsfolk. Director: Morton DaCosta The story of the great sharpshooter Annie Oakley , who rose to fame while dealing with her love/professional rival, Frank Butler. Directors: George Sidney, Busby Berkeley Stars: Betty Hutton, Howard Keel, Louis Calhern The story of the romance between the King of Siam and widowed British schoolteacher, Anna Leonowens, during the 1860s. Director: Andy Tennant Edit Storyline Mrs. Anna Leonowens and her son Louis arrive in Bangkok, where she has been contracted to teach English to the children of the royal household. She threatens to leave when the house she had been promised is not available, but falls in love with the children. A new slave, a gift of a vassal king, translates "Uncle Tom's Cabin" into a Siamese ballet. After expressing her unhappiness at being with the King, the slave decides to make an attempt to escape with her lover. Anna and the King start to fall in love, but her headstrong upbringing inhibits her from joining his harem. She is just about to leave Siam but something important she finds out makes her think about changing her mind. Written by Randy Goldberg <goldberg@nymc.edu> In the complete grandeur of CinemaScope 55! Richer - Deeper - Clearer! See more  » Genres: 29 June 1956 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I See more  » Filming Locations: 133 min Sound Mix: 4-Track Stereo (Westrex Recording System)| 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm re-release)| 6-Track Stereo (1956 roadshow version) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Rita Moreno said that the heavy Siamese headdresses she and the ballet dancers wore in "The Small House of Uncle Thomas" ballet sequence gave all of them headaches, which lasted for days. See more » Goofs Tuptim's play "Small House of Uncle Thomas" is an inaccurate hodgepodge of characters and scenes from the original book, but this can easily be understood as her best interpretation of the story as a new speaker of English who wants to use the story for her own purposes to change the King's heart. However, few of the references to Buddha or Buddhism within the song are depicted accurately and shows a clear Western interpretation of the religion. Some specific examples are that Buddhi


Born on 20th July 1956, who was the original drummer in the punk rock band The Sex Pistols?

Paul Cook —   Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm christian Paul Cook, born on 20 July 1956, is an English drummer and member of the punk rock band the Sex Pistols . Cook was raised in Hammersmith, London. He attended the Christopher Wren school in White City Estate, Shepherds Bush, where he met Steve Jones . In 1972-1973, Cook and Jones, along with their school friend Wally Nightingale, formed a band, The Strand . Within the next three years The Strand evolved into the Sex Pistols. After Sex Pistols split in 1978, Cook… read more


Invented by Dr David Warren in the 1950’s, what is the ‘Flight Data Recorder’ better known as?

Eight things you might not know about black boxes - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) Eight things you might not know about black boxes With the crashes of AirAsia flight QZ8501 and Malaysia Airlines MH17, along with the disappearance of flight MH370, there is again focus on airline "black boxes". Here are some things you might not know about black boxes: 1. They're not black Black boxes are the same colour as the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco ... kind of. They are a tone of what's known as international orange, which is a set of three colours used in aerospace and engineering to distinguish objects from their surroundings. The Golden Gate Bridge is a darker shade, while the international orange used for black boxes is much brighter. Photo: The tone of international orange used to paint the Golden Gate Bridge is most closely matched by Pantone colour 180. (AFP: Justin Sullivan) 2. A 'black box' comes in two parts The "black box" is made up of two separate pieces of equipment: the flight data recorder (FDR) and a cockpit voice recorder (CVR). They are compulsory on any commercial flight or corporate jet, and are usually kept in the tail of an aircraft, where they are more likely to survive a crash. FDRs record things like airspeed, altitude, vertical acceleration and fuel flow. Early versions used wire string to encode the data; these days they use solid-state memory boards. Solid-state recorders in large aircraft can track more than 700 parameters. Photo: The black boxes from the Asiana plane that crashed short of the runway at San Francisco airport on July 6, 2013. (Twitter: @NTSB) 3. They were invented by an Australian Dr David Warren's own father was killed in a Bass Strait plane crash in 1934, when David was just nine years old. In the early 1950s, Dr Warren had an idea for a unit that could record flight data and cockpit conversations, to help analysts piece together the events that led to an accident. He wrote a memo for the Aeronautical Research Centre in Melbourne called "A Device for Assisting Investigation into Aircraft Accidents", and in 1956 produced a prototype flight recorder called the "ARL Flight Memory Unit". His invention did not get much attention until five years later, and the units were eventually manufactured in the UK and US. However, Australia was the first country to make the technology compulsory. 4. Experts don't call them "black boxes" The term "black box" is favoured by the media, but most people in the know don't call them that. There are several theories for the original of the name "black box", ranging from early designs being perfectly dark inside, to a journalist's description of a "wonderful black box", to charring that happens in post-accident fires. From The Conversation : Black boxes are normally referred to by aviation experts as electronic flight data recorders. Their role is to keep detailed track of on-flight information, recording all flight data such as altitude, position and speed as well as all pilot conversations. It is common for many civil airliners to have multiple devices to carry out these tasks so that information can be gathered more easily in the event of a failure. In most instances, they are used to help in the diagnosis of what may have been the likely cause of an accident. External Link: Inside a vintage flight data recorder 5. Only 2 hours of cockpit conversations are kept Digital recorders have enough storage for 25 hours of flight data but only two hours of cockpit voice recording, which is recorded over itself in a loop. The CVRs track the crew's interactions with each other and air traffic control, but also background noise that can give vital clues to investigators. Earlier magnetic tape versions could only record 30 minutes of cockpit conversations and noise, which was also recorded in a loop. Photo: The magnetic tape flight data recorder from Alaska Airlines Flight 261 was retrieved off the coast of California after the plane crashed in 2000. (AFP: Manny Ceneta) 6. It can take a long time to find one Photo: A US Navy Towed Pinger Locat


Named after her daughter, Ruth Handler invented which doll in 1959?

History of Barbie Doll and Inventor Ruth Handler Inventors The first Barbie doll shown at New York Toy Fair in 1959.  Courtesy of Barbie Media & Mattel The Barbie doll was invented in 1959 by Ruth Handler (co-founder of Mattel ), whose own daughter was called Barbara. Barbie was introduced to the world at the American Toy Fair in New York City. Barbie's job was teenage fashion doll. The Ken doll was named after Ruth's son and was introduced two years after Barbie in 1961. Barbie Facts & Technology The full name of the first doll was Barbie Millicent Roberts, from Willows, Wisconsin.     Barbie's job was that of teenage fashion model. However, the doll has been made in versions connected to over 125 different careers. She came as either a brunette or blond, and in 1961 red hair was added. In 1980, the first African American Barbie and Hispanic Barbie were introduced, however, Barbie did have a black friend named Christie who was introduced in 1969. continue reading below our video What to Do If Your Identity is Stolen The first Barbie was sold for $3. Additional clothing based on the latest runway trends from Paris were sold, costing from $1 to $5. In the first year (1959), 300,000 Barbie dolls were sold. Today, a mint condition "#1" (1959 Barbie doll) can fetch as much as $27,450. To date, over 70 fashion designers have made clothes for Mattel, using over 105 million yards of fabric. There has been some controversy over Barbie Doll's figure when it was realized that if Barbie was a real person her measurements would be an impossible 36-18-38. Barbie's "real" measurements are 5 inches (bust), 3 ¼ inches (waist), 5 3/16 inches (hips). Her weight is 7 ¼ ounces, and her height is 11.5 inches tall. In 1965, Barbie first had bendable legs, and eyes that open and shut. In 1967, a Twist 'N Turn Barbie was released that had a moveable body that twisted at the waist. The best-selling Barbie doll ever was 1992 Totally Hair Barbie , with hair from the top of her head to her toes. Photos


Robert Graves (Author of I, Claudius) edit data Robert Ranke Graves, born in Wimbledon, received his early education at King's College School and Copthorne Prep School, Wimbledon & Charterhouse School and won a scholarship to St John's College, Oxford. While at Charterhouse in 1912, he fell in love with G. H. Johnstone, a boy of fourteen ("Dick" in Goodbye to All That) When challenged by the headmaster he defended himself by citing Plato, Greek poets, Michelangelo & Shakespeare, "who had felt as I did". At the outbreak of WWI, Graves enlisted almost immediately, taking a commission in the Royal Welch Fusiliers. He published his first volume of poems, Over the Brazier, in 1916. He developed an early reputation as a war poet and was one of the first to write realistic poems about h Robert Ranke Graves, born in Wimbledon, received his early education at King's College School and Copthorne Prep School, Wimbledon & Charterhouse School and won a scholarship to St John's College, Oxford. While at Charterhouse in 1912, he fell in love with G. H. Johnstone, a boy of fourteen ("Dick" in Goodbye to All That) When challenged by the headmaster he defended himself by citing Plato, Greek poets, Michelangelo & Shakespeare, "who had felt as I did". At the outbreak of WWI, Graves enlisted almost immediately, taking a commission in the Royal Welch Fusiliers. He published his first volume of poems, Over the Brazier, in 1916. He developed an early reputation as a war poet and was one of the first to write realistic poems about his experience of front line conflict. In later years he omitted war poems from his collections, on the grounds that they were too obviously "part of the war poetry boom". At the Battle of the Somme he was so badly wounded by a shell-fragment through the lung that he was expected to die, and indeed was officially reported as 'died of wounds'. He gradually recovered. Apart from a brief spell back in France, he spent the rest of the war in England. One of Graves's closest friends at this time was the poet Siegfried Sassoon, who was also an officer in the RWF. In 1917 Sassoon tried to rebel against the war by making a public anti-war statement. Graves, who feared Sassoon could face a court martial, intervened with the military authorities and persuaded them that he was suffering from shell shock, and to treat him accordingly. Graves also suffered from shell shock, or neurasthenia as it is sometimes called, although he was never hospitalised for it. Biographers document the story well. It is fictionalised in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration. The intensity of their early relationship is nowhere demonstrated more clearly than in Graves's collection Fairies & Fusiliers (1917), which contains a plethora of poems celebrating their friendship. Through Sassoon, he also became friends with Wilfred Owen, whose talent he recognised. Owen attended Graves's wedding to Nancy Nicholson in 1918, presenting him with, as Graves recalled, "a set of 12 Apostle spoons". Following his marriage and the end of the war, Graves belatedly took up his place at St John's College, Oxford. He later attempted to make a living by running a small shop, but the business failed. In 1926 he took up a post at Cairo University, accompanied by his wife, their children and the poet Laura Riding. He returned to London briefly, where he split with his wife under highly emotional circumstances before leaving to live with Riding in Deià, Majorca. There they continued to publish letterpress books under the rubric of the Seizin Press, founded and edited the literary journal Epilogue, and wrote two successful academic books together: A Survey of Modernist Poetry (1927) and A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (1928). In 1927, he published Lawrence and the Arabs, a commercially successful biography of T.E. Lawrence. Good-bye to All That (1929, revised and republished in 1957) proved a success but cost him many of his friends, notably Sassoon. In 1934 he published his most commercially successful work, I, Claudius. Using classical sources he constructed a complexly compelling t


Who played Dorothy Zbornak in the US tv show ‘The Golden Girls’?

Dorothy Zbornak | Golden Girls Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia " Shady Pines , Ma!" -Dorothy's favorite threat against her mother, Sophia Petrillo Dorothy Zbornak (née Petrillo), portrayed by Beatrice Arthur , is a fictional character from the TV series The Golden Girls . Dorothy was the strong, sarcastic, sometimes intimidating, and arguably, most grounded of the four women in the house. In the 1,000th issue of Entertainment Weekly, Dorothy Zbornak was selected as the Grandma for "The Perfect TV Family". In flashback sequences in various episodes, a much younger Dorothy is played by actress Lynnie Greene . A much younger Dorothy, played by actress Lynnie Greene , in a "flashback" scene in an episode of "The Golden Girls". Contents Edit Dorothy was born in Brooklyn, New York on a pinochle table at McSoley's bar (as stated by Sophia) to Italian immigrants Sophia Petrillo and Salvadore "Sal" Petrillo . She had two younger siblings: brother Phillip "Phil" Petrillo , a cross-dresser, who died in December 1990 ( Ebbtide's Revenge ); and a sister, Gloria Petrillo-O'Connor , who married into money, and with whom Dorothy was sometimes estranged. In the fourth season episode Foreign Exchange , Dorothy wondered whether she is the biological daughter of the Petrillos, since Dominic Bosco and Philomena Bosco claimed that the hospital switched babies. However, in the third season episode "Mother's Day," Sophia's mother Eleanor Grisanti is also played by Bea Arthur , so it's implied that Dorothy and Sophia are biologically related. She was the tallest baby in New York, and had a rash on her head until she was two. Dorothy was a "bookworm", and an over-achiever in high school (according to the episode Even Grandmas Get the Blues , Sophia reveals that Dorothy's IQ is 173, which would rank her as possessing a genius level intellect), but was a lie that was revealed in the same episode. Yet, she suffered from low self-esteem because one previous boyfriend was emotionally abusive, while another one supposedly stood her up on the night of her prom. In reality, he did show up, but he was disrespectful toward Sophia, who did not like the way he was dressed or his attitude, so she turned him away without telling Dorothy. Dejected, she later accepted a date with Stanley "Stan" Zbornak ( Herb Edelman ) because she "felt she couldn't do any better". She became pregnant while still in high school, resulting in a shotgun wedding to Stan. The marriage produced two children: Kate Zbornak-Griffiths and Michael Zbornak , who both appeared on the show. However, both were presented as being in their 20s during their appearances on the show, making them too young to have been the cause of the shotgun wedding. At some point during their marriage (1946-1984), Stan and Dorothy moved to Miami , but divorced after 38 years due to Stan's infidelity. In first season episode The Return of Dorothy's Ex , Stan mentions how they bought property together when honeymooned in Miami. Career Edit Dorothy worked as a high school substitute teacher of American History (her college major) and English. She also taught a night-school course for adults wishing to complete their high school equivalency. Dorothy also had summer and part-time jobs, which included tutoring and working alongside Blanche Elizabeth Marie Devereaux at the museum (causing jealousy after Dorothy appeared to have become the boss's favorite). Characteristics Edit While often mocked as manly and odd by her two housemates due to her height and deep voice, Dorothy is also in possession of many talents. In one episode, she is able to upstage Blanche at the latter's favorite bar, The Rusty Anchor , by singing and thus winning the admiration of Blanche's many suitors. At another point, remembering how funny she could be in high school, Dorothy tries her hand at doing stand-up comedy, in the end winning over her audience by poking fun at her own life and bringing such subjects up as menopause with its hot flashes. Dorothy can be extremely sarcastic, especially towards her less-sharp housemate, Rose. Her mother So


Who became Chancellor of West Germany in 1969?

Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) ▼ Primary Sources ▼ West Germany The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) was created in 1949 from the British , French and American zones of occupation in Germany . At the same time the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was established from the territory occupied by the Soviet Union . Konrad Adenauer became the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany).He held power for the next fourteen years and during that time played an important role in restoring good relations with France and the United States . However, he refused to recognize the legal existence of the German Democratic Republic . The Federal Republic of Germany joined the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952. It was agreed that the six countries that signed the Treaty of Paris (West Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands), would pool its coal and steel resources. In 1955 the Federal Republic of Germany became a sovereign state and joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In response the government of German Democratic Republic signed the Warsaw Treaty of Friendship Cooperation and Mutual Assistance with Albania , Bulgaria , Czechoslovakia , Hungary , Poland , Romania and the Soviet Union . The Federal Republic of Germany joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1958. Under the ECC attempts were made to achieve harmonization. This included measures in areas such as indirect taxation, industrial regulation, agriculture, fisheries and monetary policies. Willy Brandt became Foreign Minister in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1966. He developed the policy of Ostpolitik (reconciliation between eastern and western Europe). In 1969 Brandt became Chancellor of West Germany. He continued with his policy of Ostpolitik and in 1970 negotiated an agreement with the Soviet Union accepting the frontiers of Berlin. He also signed the Basic Treaty with the German Democratic Republic. With the collapse of communism in 1989 the two German republics were united. Primary Sources (1) Konrad Adenauer , speech on 31st January, 1951. The Federal Republic is threatened by the aggressive imperialism of Soviet Russia as is proved by the systematic expansion of Soviet power in all parts of the world since 1945. The increasingly active policies of the Russian zone government in the last few months lead to the inescapable conclusion that we cannot expect this Soviet imperialist expansionism to stop at the Elbe. If Soviet Russia succeeds in forcing the Federal Republic of Germany, with a minimum of damage, into the Soviet sphere of influence, Russian war potential would be equal to that of the United States. At the same time Russia would prevent the unification of Western Europe for the defence of the Western world. In all probability Soviet policy would thereby also succeed in increasing American isolationism sufficiently to make the United States withdraw from the continent of Europe. (2) Konrad Adenauer , Memoirs 1945-53 (12th July, 1952) Disagreement between Soviet Russia and the free peoples was, I felt, bound to grow. America too had a vital interest in the creation of a strong Western Europe. For this Germany was indispensable. A country in shackles is not a real, full partner. I therefore thought that our fetters would gradually fall away. As John Foster Dulles once put it: America was not pursuing a German or a French policy in Europe, but an American policy. That was a very true saying. The foreign policy of a country is always inspired by its own real or imagined interests. It was in the interest of the United States that Germany should become strong once more. Therefore the many examples of discrimination, such as the Ruhr Statute, the Occupation Statute and the provisions regarding the rearming of Germany, could only be of a transitory nature. In the long run the German people could not be a perfect partner of the peoples whose interests were parallel to ours unless there was equality. These were the g


Which former US President had a pet Labrador Retriever called Buddy?

Dogs in the White House | First Dogs of Presidents A Photo of the Kennedy Family and Their Dogs Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson loved dogs, especially beagles. He kept a total of five dogs during his term in office. The most famous of the lot were two beagles that were simply named Him and Her. There was also another beagle called J. Edgar, a white collie named Blanco, and Yuki, a mixed breed. LBJ stirred up controversy in 1964 when he was photographed lifting his dogs by their ears. Johnson also had several other dogs, including one of Her’s puppies called Kim and Freckles. These puppies were given to Johnson’s daughter, Luci. Dogs of Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon Richard Nixon’s loyal four-legged friend was a Cocker Spaniel named Checkers. The dog actually became quite famous when he was mentioned in a speech. Before he was President, Nixon had been accused of accepting thousands of dollars worth of gifts, but he publicly declared that the only gift he had received was the dog, who he intended to keep. This famous speech came to be known as the Checkers Speech, and the phrase is now used in reference to overly emotional political speeches. Checkers actually died before he could ever live in the White House! Nixon’s other dogs included Vicky (a poodle), King Timahoe (an Irish Setter), and Pasha (a terrier). A Copy of Nixon's Checker's Speech Gerald Ford Gerald Ford first received his golden retriever, Liberty, as an eight month old pup. They quickly became close friends, with Liberty spending much of her time in the Oval Office. According to one rumor, Ford had trained Liberty to disrupt conversations that had run on for too long by approaching the guest in a friendly manner. Liberty became so well-known that the White House distributed printed photographs of the dog, complete with a paw print autograph! Gerald Ford found his dog through his photographer, David Kennerly. When Liberty had puppies, Ford kept one and named it Misty. More Information About Liberty Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter’s primary dog was an Afghan hound, a unique type of dog breed that he named Lewis Brown. His family was also given another dog, a border collie that they named Grits when he was a puppy. Grits was a gift for Carter’s daughter, Amy, from her teacher. He had to be returned a little later, however, for some unknown reason. Lewis Brown and Grits had to share the White House with another family pet: a Siamese Cat with the unusual name, Misty Malarky Ying Yang. Amy Carter with Grits Ronald Reagan Rex, Ronald Reagan’s Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, was the very first official First Dog. He was actually given to Reagan’s wife as a gift, but became very attached to the President. Rex made such an impact with the staff, press, and public, that upon leaving the White House, he received a special dog house modeled after the White House. The Reagan's also had a Bouvier des Flandres named Lucky. Rex didn’t like the Lincoln Bedroom, which some people believe is haunted by Lincoln’s ghost. When the Reagans first received Rex, in the same week he made his first public move by helping to turn on the lights for the National Christmas Tree. More Information About Rex and Lucky George H.W. Bush Unlike many presidents who preceded him, the senior George Bush had one main dog in his life, Mildred. She was an English Springer Spaniel. Millie made the news when Bush was running for a re-election. In one of his speeches where he was speaking out against Bill Clinton and Al Gore, he mentioned, “My dog Millie knows more about foreign affairs than these two bozos.” Mildred’s full name was Mildred “Millie” Kerr Bush. Millie was featured or portrayed in several TV show episodes, such as Murphy Brown, The Simpsons, and Who’s the Boss. George H.W. Bush and Millie Bill Clinton Buddy was a Labrador Retriever who lived with the Clintons. They received Buddy when he was a mere three months old. The dog was named after Henry Oren “Buddy” Grisham, Bill Clinton’s great-uncle. Sadly, Buddy passed away at age four, after he was hit by a car while chasing after someone. Hill


Who played Jenna Wade in the US tv series ‘Dallas’?

Priscilla Presley - Film Actress, Television Actress - Biography.com Cast of Dancing with the Stars Synopsis American actress and businesswoman Priscilla Presley, the ex-wife of cultural icon Elvis Presley and mother of singer-songwriter Lisa Marie Presley, was born on May 24, 1945. She starred in three Naked Gun movies with Leslie Nielsen, and played the character Jenna Wade on the television series Dallas. Presley founded Elvis Presley Enterprises, and helped to turn Graceland into a multimillion-dollar tourist attraction. Early Life Priscilla Presley was born Priscilla Ann Wagner on May 24, 1945 in Brooklyn, New York. Her father, James Wagner, was a US Navy pilot who was killed in an plane crash when Pricilla was only a few months old. Her mother, Ann, remarried Paul Beaulieu, an Air Force officer, in 1948. Her family moved several times and was stationed in Germany when she was a teenager. It was there, she met Elvis Presley in 1959, when she was 14. At that time, Elvis was serving in the U.S. Armed Forces. They began a romance, and Priscilla eventually followed Elvis to the United States. Marriage to Elvis Presley Eight years after they met, Priscilla and Elvis were married in Las Vegas, Nevada. Their daughter, Lisa Marie, was born the following year, in 1968. Although their marriage didn't last (they divorced in 1973), Elvis and Priscilla remained friends, and raised Lisa Marie together, until his death in 1977. Presley became the executor of Elvis's estate, Graceland, in 1979, and proved herself to be a successful businesswoman, turning Elvis Presley Enterprises, of which she is chairwoman and president, into a profitable business. Performance Artist Presley had begun studying acting while she was married to Elvis, and after a few TV appearances, she joined the cast of the hugely popular night-time soap opera Dallas. In 1984, she won a Soap Opera Digest Award for her role as Jenna Wade Krebbs (1983-88). In 1985, Presley published the bestselling memoir Elvis and Me, and she produced the TV movie based on her book in 1988. Presley then starred in three Naked Gun movies with Leslie Nielsen (between 1988 and 1994). In the late 1990s, Presley started a line of fragrances, and developed a line of clothing and skin-care products. In 2002, she was announced her intent to co-produce a musical theater production, Elvis and Priscilla, based on her romance with the "King of Rock 'n' Roll." In 2008, Presley garnered new fame, this time for her dancing skills, when she performed as a contestant on the hit series Dancing with the Stars (season 6). Personal Life Presley lived with boyfriend and Italian screenwriter Marco Garibaldi from 1984 to 2006. She and Garibaldi, who never married, have a son, Navaronne (born in 1987). Presley now shares the joys of motherhood with daughter Lisa Marie, who has four children Danielle Riley, Benjamin, and twins Finley and Harper. Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! Citation Information


What is the name of the small town in Australia which is famous for outlaw Ned Kelly’s Last Stand?

Ned Kelly’s Last Stand at Glenrowan, Australia Ned Kelly’s Last Stand at Glenrowan, Australia Dean Wickham April 11, 2013 As we turned off the main freeway to head to the town of Glenrowan in the North of Victoria, Australia , I wasn’t really sure what I would find. This town is the site of Australia’s most famous bushranger battle – Ned Kelly’s Last Stand. I remember learning all about Ned Kelly in school, and although he was an outlaw, it was his story that I found most interesting. Ned Kelly’s story takes us back to the 1800’s, when the country of Australia didn’t even exist yet. Back then, the country was split into several different colonies of the British Empire that now make up the states of Australia. Ned’s parents originated from Ireland, his father (John Kelly) a former convict who moved to Victoria on release met Ned’s mother (Ellen Kelly). The Kellys had seven children, the oldest son being Edward (Ned) Kelly. Ned was brought up in a tough and unfair environment, surrounded by crime and convictions. His family was suspected of horse and cattle stealing, and his father ended up in prison to serve 6 months for stealing a farmer’s calf. His Irish heritage meant that he was treated poorly in the prison, which ultimately led to his death. This was just the start of Ned’s anger towards the authorities. Statue of Ned Kelly in Glenrowan What followed was a lot of different charges against the Kelly family, most of which were false and led to the obvious targeting of the family by the police. Ned Kelly’s bushranging days came about after a police officer (Constable Alexander Fitzpatrick), drunk and against orders, went to the Kelly house to arrest Ned’s brother Dan for horse stealing while Ned was away. He waited at the Kelly house for Dan to return, where he made his arrest. Unable to provide a warrant, Ned’s mother Ellen challenged him, where Fitzpatrick pulled a revolver on them and threatened them all. Dan then managed to corner him and relieve him of his revolver and was sent on his way. Fitzpatrick then rode onto Benalla where he claimed that he was attacked and shot by Ned, Dan, Ellen, Bricky Williamson and Bill Skillion who he claimed were armed with revolvers. Ned told the police that he was not present at the time of the incident and that Fitzpatrick’s wounds were self inflicted. Police arrested and imprisoned his mother Ellen along with Bricky Williamson and Bill Skillion and a reward was offered for Ned’s arrest. Furious with the injustice, Ned and Dan went into hiding in the bush where they were joined by their friends, Joe Byrne and Steve Hart who formed the infamous Kelly Gang. The Kelly Gang was hunted for a couple of years by the police as they continuously robbed banks and stole horses in their rebellion. Ned Kelly’s last stand happened in the town of Glenrowan where they planned on stopping the police train by pulling up some tracks in the town. With the town’s residents as hostages in Ann Jones’ Inn, Ned, Dan, Joe and Steve faced off against the huge police force wearing homemade iron armour suits. Their suits each weighed about 44 kilograms covering their torsos and heads, but leaving their legs unprotected. The weight of the armour heavily limited their movements. The railway station in Glenrowan Their attempt to derail the train failed due to a released hostage waving down the train before it got there. The police therefore laid siege against the Kelly Gang inside the inn. It was at dawn on the 28th of June, 1880, when the firing began. Both parties fired on each other throughout the day, with the police receiving reinforcements from nearby stations. Joe Byrne had been shot while drinking whisky at the bar. Amongst the firing, Ned had somehow moved out of the inn to attack the police from the rear, firing upon them with a single revolver while using the surrounding trees as cover, despite being injured. The police charged him, firing upon him heavily without affect due to his armour. When they realised that his legs were unprotected, he was brought down with two shots where he was finally captur


Who was the father of English monarch Queen Mary I?

Queen Mary I - Facts, Information, Biography & Portraits Image Source Queen Mary I: Facts, Information, Biography & Portraits ‘You have four certain and open enemies: the heretics and schismatics, the rebels and adherents of the duke of Northumberland, the king of France and Scotland, and the Lady Elizabeth.’ the Imperial ambassador Renard to Queen Mary, 1553 Biography The sad life of England’s first female ruler is rendered even more tragic in comparison with her half-sister and successor’s reign. Poor Mary Tudor, destined – like her half-brother and predecessor – to languish between those two giants of English history, Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. Yet there is much to warrant even a brief examination of her life and reign. Though her hated half-sister would outshine her in virtually every sphere – physical, political, intellectual, artistic – Mary also had a formidable impact upon English history. Throughout the first thirty-seven years of her life, she was tossed about by the whims of her father and, later and perhaps more galling, her Protestant brother and his council. It was perhaps inevitable that when she first tasted real power, the experience would be both intoxicating and unfortunate. Princess Mary, age 28, painted by Master John When Mary came to the throne, she was thirty-seven years old. She had never been married though, in her youth, several matches had been suggested and abandoned. Contrary to later beliefs, Henry VIII was pleased with her birth in 1516, proudly displaying the infant Mary to visiting ambassadors and noblemen. It was only years later, with Mary as his sole legitimate offspring, that Henry began his desperate search for a son. This search would forever brand him as a misogynist and cruel tyrant who discarded, divorced, and beheaded the women who did not bear him sons. But one must be fair to Henry and judge him by the standards of his time, which certainly his contemporaries did. He was only the second Tudor monarch and, as such, he understood the necessity of stabilizing the English throne. Indeed, his father had only won the crown in 1485, barely thirty years before Mary’s birth. And if Henry VII, born the unprepossessing earl of Richmond, could steal the crown then his son’s actions can be understood. Above all else, Henry VIII was determined the crown would remain in Tudor hands. Mary, like her half-sister Elizabeth, was always recognized as his daughter. But England had never had a woman ruler, one who ruled in her own right without a male consort or as regent for an infant son. The only possible precedent was Matilda, Henry I’s heir, and the precedent was not good – Matilda was expelled by the English barons and her cousin Stephen of Blois was made king. Though this had happened four centuries before, its lesson was still valid. With this in mind, Henry’s treatment of Mary’s mother becomes – if not palatable – at least understandable. Certainly the petty cruelties and humiliations he forced upon her were his own doing but the overall aim was to ensure the Tudor succession. But all this happened years after Mary’s birth. From 1516 to about 1530, Mary led a happy, sheltered life. She was considered one of the most important European princesses and Henry used her as every king used his daughter – as a pawn in political negotiations. She was also well-educated with a fine contralto singing voice and great linguistic skill. Her mother, Katharine of Aragon, was deeply devoted to Mary. This was a reflection of Katharine’s strongly domestic nature as well as the numerous miscarriages she suffered. Any mother would naturally love a child but Katharine had lost enough children to make her especially devoted to the one who survived. When Henry proposed the idea of divorce, Katharine fought it passionately, not least because divorce would destroy her daughter’s future. Katharine was the youngest daughter of those great Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, the ‘Catholic Kings’ who united Spain geographically and spiritually. Through her mother, she could trace her lineage


‘The Kiss’ is an 1889 work by which French sculptor?

Auguste Rodin: The French sculptor's five most iconic works - pictures - Mirror Online Auguste Rodin: The French sculptor's five most iconic works - pictures The father of modern sculpture's best-known masterpieces include The Kiss, The Thinker and The Burghers of Calais  Share Father of modern sculpture: Auguste Rodin (Photo: Getty)  Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email Google is celebrating the 172nd birthday of Auguste Rodin , the universally accepted father of modern sculpture. The French sculptor's work was initially unpopular, but in his later years he became a world-renowned artist. Today's Google doodle iincorporates one of Rodin's best-known works, The Kiss. Tribute: Google's version of The Kiss Here we take a closer look at Rodin's five most famous sculptures. The Kiss This 1889 marble sculpture of an embracing couple depicts the 13th-century Italian noblewoman Francesca da Rimini from Dante's Inferno, who falls in love with her husband's younger brother Paolo. The couple are discovered and killed by Francesca's husband. The lovers' lips do not actually touch in the sculpture, suggesting that they were interrupted and met their demise without them ever having kissed. The Kiss (Photo: Getty) The Thinker Probably the best known of Rodin's monumental works, this depicts a man in sober meditation battling with a powerful internal struggle. First conceived circa 1880–1881 as a depiction of Dante, the image evolved to represent all poets and creators. It now lives in the Rodin Museum in Paris, and is often used to represent philosophy. The Thinker (Photo: Getty)   The Burghers of Calais Also completed in 1889, this sculpture serves as a monument to the moment in 1347 during the Hundred Years' War when Calais was captured by the English. Edward III offered to spare the people if any six of the French port's top leaders would surrender themselves to him almost naked, with nooses around their necks, and carrying the keys to the city and castle. One of the wealthiest of the town leaders, Eustache de Saint Pierre, volunteered first, and five other burghers soon followed suit, stripping down to their breeches. This poignant mix of defeat, heroic self-sacrifice, and willingness to face imminent death was captured by Rodin in his sculpture. Burghers of Calais (Photo: Getty)   The Gates of Hell This sculptural group work depicts a scene from "The Inferno" and contains 180 figures ranging in size from 15cm high up to more than one metre. It was commissioned in 1880 and was meant to be delivered in 1885, but  Rodin continued to work on and off on the project for 37 years until his death in 1917. Rodin worked on The Gates of Hell at the Hôtel Biron in Paris, and in 1919, two years after his death, the hotel became the Musée Rodin for the world to enjoy his work. The Gates of Hell (Photo: Getty)   The Age of Bronze This bronze statue of a life-size nude man was first exhibited in 1877 in Paris, when Rodin was falsely accused of having made it by casting a living model. He vigorously denied the charge, but the controversy benefited him, as members of the public were so eager to see his work and decide for themselves. The figure was created to suggest heroism and suffering, what many of Rodin's countrymen went through while fighting in the Franco-Prussian War from 1870 to 1871. The Age of Bronze (Photo: Getty)   Most Read Most Recent Most Read Most Recent


In which European country is Lake Bolsena?

Lake Bolsena: A Volcanic Miracle | ITALY Magazine Lake Bolsena: A Volcanic Miracle Nicola Ferlei-Brown | Tuesday, July 14, 2015 - 06:30 Bolsena is a 'miraculous' lake in the Tuscia area, between Rome and Tuscany, which is dotted with enchanting towns that dominate the 'path of the Etruscans'.  Rarely overcrowded, and abundant with beautiful black volcanic sands, it is the largest volcanic lake in Europe, with a circumference of 43km, and an incredible history. 370,000 years ago the collapse of land following the eruption of the Vulsini volcano (active until 104 BC) formed a caldera which then became the bed of Bolsena's lake.  There are two islands, Bisentina and Martana, in the southern part of the lake which were formed by underwater eruptions following the collapse that created the caldera. The area was part of the Etruscans territories in central Italy, a dominant culture in Italy by 650 BC. Needless to say, it's dowsed with tribe upon tribe which left their mark on this mysterious area. Today the lake and the medieval town with the same name on its shores are  best known for a miracle that occurred in medieval times in 1263. The Miracle of Bolsena In 1263, a Bohemian priest, Peter of Prague, was tormented by the doubt as to whether Christ was actually present in the consecrated Host and went on a pilgrimage to Rome to strengthen his faith. On his way back, he stopped in the church of Saint Christina in Bolsena, and while celebrating Holy Mass above the tomb of St. Christina, he had barely spoken the words of Consecration when blood started to seep from the consecrated Host and trickle over his hands onto the marble altar and the corporal. The priest interrupted the Mass and asked to be taken to Orvieto, the city where Pope Urban IV was then residing. The Pope listened to the priest's account and absolved him. When, after an investigation, all the facts were ascertained, he ordered the Bishop of the diocese to bring the Host and the linen cloth bearing the stains of blood to Orvieto. The day archbishops, cardinals and other Church dignitaries brought them to Orvieto, the Pope met the procession and had the relics placed in the cathedral. Apparently,  Pope Urban IV was prompted by this miracle to commission St. Thomas Aquinas to compose the Proper for a Mass and an Office honoring the Holy Eucharist as the Body of Christ. One year after the miracle, in August of 1264, Pope Urban IV introduced the saint's composition, and by means of a papal bull instituted the feast of Corpus Christi. The Mass at Bolsena by Raffaello -Apostolic Palace - The Vatican In Bolsena, in the beautiful Church of Santa Cristina, there is a reliquary containing the marble, stained with blood, while the blood stained linen (exposed during the annual procession for the Feast of Corpus Domini) and the holy corporal are kept in a golden shrine in the Cathedral of Orvieto.  After visiting the Cathedral of Orvieto, many pilgrims and tourists go to visit  St. Christina's Church in Bolsena to see the place where the miracle occurred. However, Bolsena is rarely overcrowded and an absolute pleasure to visit. 'Un Miracolo della Natura' - A Miracle of Nature Covering an area of 113.5 km2, it is considered Europe’s largest volcanic basin. It is Italy’s fifth largest lake and the biggest in the Lazio region. The lake is simply unique, with its black volcanic sands and beaches stretching for several miles, and it is an ideal destination for swimming, picnicking, water sports and fishing. It is also a bird watchers' paradise: black redstarts, pochards, red crested pochards, coots, great crested grebes, little grebes, egrets, and grey herons have all been spotted in the area. Sedentary birds include doves, seagulls, and swans. Then there are herons, reed warblers, and great reed warblers.   A perfect off-the-beaten track location In between Rome and Tuscany, it's a gastronomical treat for the taste buds, without blowing the budget, with the bonus of being off the beaten 'Tuscany' tourist track. Boasting a multitude of day trips to blow your mind, you would want


In medicine, glomerulonephritis affects which part of the body?

Glomerulonephritis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Complement levels Treatment Treatment depends on the cause of the disorder, and the type and severity of symptoms. Controlling high blood pressure is usually the most important part of treatment. Medicines that may be prescribed include: Blood pressure drugs, most often angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers Corticosteroids Drugs that suppress the immune system A procedure called plasmapheresis may sometimes be used for glomerulonephritis caused by immune problems. The fluid part of the blood that contains antibodies is removed and replaced with intravenous fluids or donated plasma (that does not contain antibodies). Removing antibodies may reduce inflammation in the kidney tissues. You may need to limit salt, fluids, protein , and other substances. People with this condition should be closely watched for signs of kidney failure. Dialysis or a kidney transplant may eventually be needed. Support Groups You can often ease the stress of illness by joining support groups where members share common experiences and problems. Outlook (Prognosis) If you have nephrotic syndrome and it can be controlled, you may also be able to control other symptoms. If it cannot be controlled, you may develop end-stage kidney disease. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your health care provider if: You have a condition that increases your risk for glomerulonephritis You develop symptoms of glomerulonephritis Prevention Most cases of glomerulonephritis can't be prevented. Some cases may be prevented by avoiding or limiting exposure to organic solvents, mercury , and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Alternative Names Glomerulonephritis - chronic; Chronic nephritis; Glomerular disease; Necrotizing glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis - crescentic; Crescentic glomerulonephritis; Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Images Kidney anatomy References Appel GB, Radhakrishnan JAI, D'Agati VD. Secondary glomerular disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 32. Cattran DC, Reigh HN. Overview of therapy for glomerular disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 33. Nachman PH, Hennette JC, Falk RJ. Primary glomerular disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 31. Read More


Which country hosted the 2003 ICC Cricket World Cup?

Eighth Cricket World Cup 2003 - ICC World Cup 2003 Results - 8th ODI World Cup in South Africa, Zimbabwe & Kenya 6th Match, Group A - United Arab Emirates v Afghanistan at Abu Dhabi Afghanistan won by 5 wickets (with 7 balls remaining) South Africa, Zimbabwe & Kenya hosted the eighth (8th) ICC Cricket World Cup, in 2003. The ODI tournament was won by Australia. Eighth Cricket World Cup 2003 The eighth edition of ODI World Cup was played in three countries, comprising of South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya, from February 9 to March 24, 2003. It saw the number of participating teams increase to 14, comprising of Australia, Bangladesh, England, India, Kenya, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, and Zimbabwe, along with the ICC Trophy Qualifiers - Canada, Namibia, and the Netherlands. A total of 54 matches were played in the tournament (the most in World Cup history so far), following the same format that was introduced in 1999. The 8th ICC Cricket World Cup saw the teams being divided into two groups, each with seven teams. The top three teams of each group, i.e. Australia, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, and Zimbabwe, competed with each other in the 'Super-6' stage. Out of these, Australia, Sri Lanka, India and Kenya qualified for the semi-finals. The final was played between Australia and India, with the former defeating the latter by 48 runs. Ricky Ponting was named "Man of the Match" in the final; while Sachin Tendulkar was awarded 'Player of the Series' (he also scored the maximum runs � 673). Chaminda Vaas took the maximum number of wickets (23) in the series. 2003 ICC World Cup statistics Administrator - International Cricket Council Attendance - 626,845 (11,608 per match) Most runs - Sachin Tendulkar (673) Most wickets - Chaminda Vaas (23) Player of the series - Sachin Tendulkar (India) Results Summary Group A Zimbabwe v Namibia at Harare, Feb 10, 2003, Zimbabwe won by 86 runs (D/L method) (Zim 340/2; Nam 104/5) Australia v Pakistan at Johannesburg, Feb 11, 2003, Australia won by 82 runs (Aus 310/8; Pak 228) India v Netherlands at Paarl, Feb 12, 2003, India won by 68 runs (Ind 204; NL 136) Zimbabwe v England at Harare, Feb 13, 2003, Zimbabwe won by a walkover without a ball bowled Australia v India at Centurion, Feb 15, 2003 Australia won by 9 wickets, (Ind 125; Aus 128/1) England v Netherlands at East London, Feb 16, 2003, England won by 6 wickets (NL 142/9; Eng 144/4) Namibia v Pakistan at Kimberley, Feb 16, 2003, Pakistan won by 171 runs (Pak 255/9; Nam 84) England v Namibia at Port Elizabeth, Feb 19, 2003, England won by 55 runs (Eng 272; Nam 217/9) Zimbabwe v India at Harare, Feb 19, 2003, India won by 83 runs (Ind 255/7; Zim 172) Australia v Netherlands at Potchefstroom, Feb 20, 2003, Australia won by 75 runs (D/L Method) (Aus 170/2; NL 122) England v Pakistan at Cape Town, Feb 22, 2003, England won by 112 runs (Eng 246/8; Pak 134) India v Namibia at Pietermaritzburg, Feb 23, 2003, India won by 181 runs (Ind 311/2; Nam 130) Zimbabwe v Australia at Bulawayo, Feb 24, 2003, Australia won by 7 wickets (Zim 246/9; Aus 248/3) Netherlands v Pakistan at Paarl, Feb 25, 2003, Pakistan won by 97 runs (Pak 253/9; NL 156) England v India at Durban, Feb 26, 2003, India won by 82 runs (Ind 250/9; Eng 168) Australia v Namibia at Potchefstroom, Feb 27, 2003, Australia won by 256 runs (Aus 301/6; Nam 45) Zimbabwe v Netherlands at Bulawayo, Feb 28, 2003, Zimbabwe won by 99 runs (Zim 301/8; NL 202/9) India v Pakistan at Centurion, Mar 1, 2003, India won by 6 wickets (Pak 273/7; Ind 276/4) Australia v England at Port Elizabeth, Mar 2, 2003, Australia won by 2 wickets (Eng 204/8; Aus 208/8) Namibia v Netherlands at Bloemfontein, Mar 3, 2003, Netherlands won by 64 runs (NL 314/4; Nam 250) Zimbabwe v Pakistan at Bulawayo, Mar 4, 2003, No result (Pak 73/3) Group B South Africa v West Indies at Cape Town, Feb 9, 2003, West Indies won by 3 runs (WI 278/5; SA 275/9) New Zealand v Sri Lanka at Bloemfontein, Feb 10, 2003, Sri Lanka won by 47 runs (SL 272/7; NZ 225) Bangladesh v Canada at Durban, Feb 11, 2003, Can


Pattaya, Phucket and Koh Samui are tourist destinations in which country?

Thailand curfew lifted in Phuket, Koh Samui and Pattaya - Telegraph Telegraph Thailand curfew lifted in Phuket, Koh Samui and Pattaya The streets and beaches of Phuket have been quiet in the last few days Natalie Paris , Travel writer 3 June 2014 • 12:00am A nightly curfew that kept both tourists and locals indoors was imposed following a military coup on May 22. It initially took effect between 10pm to 5am but was later shortened to between midnight and 4am. It has now been lifted in three beach resorts that are "peaceful and free from political protests", according to the AP news agency, but will remain in Bangkok and elsewhere in the country. Visitor numbers to Thailand have been down as a result of the coup, prompting concerns among tourist industry officials. Tourism accounts for about 7 per cent of the country's economy. On Koh Phangan, a Gulf Coast island with a party reputation, Wannee Thaipanich, president of the Tourism Promotion Association, sent a letter to the local army asking them to ease the curfew to allow a full moon party on June 12 to continue all night, according to a report in the Bangkok Post. But the island, while it is next to Koh Samui, has not been named as one of the three areas that are now outside the curfew. The popular beach resort of Phuket however has been made an exception by the military. The streets and beaches have been quiet in the last few days, probably as much to do with the coup as the arrival of the rainy season. “All the beach bars and restaurants are trading but they’ve told me they are quieter than usual,” said Lee Cobaj, our Phuket expert, yesterday. “We’ve still not seen any military, though,” she added, “and have had foreign TV channels almost the entire time.” Some national and international television channels were temporarily banned from broadcasting in some parts of the country. The midnight to 4am curfew will remain in the capital Bangkok for the time being, to the disappointment of hotel, bar and restaurant owners. Five-star hotel owners in the city told Lee Cobaj that they were running at about 30 per cent occupancy. “They’ve also had to close some of their restaurants as they just can’t fill them,” she said. “The curfew is really hitting the hospitality industry hard up here.” Troops and police were deployed into central Bangkok on Sunday to stop anti-coup protests, which were mostly limited to small gatherings held around shopping malls. The military has banned political gatherings of five or more people. The latest advice from the Foreign Office ( gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/thailand ) warns British tourists to be wary about making political statements in public. Some protestors have begun adopting a three-fingered salute as a sign of protest against the coup, which is similar to that used by characters in the film the Hunger Games. A spokesman for the military reportedly said today it would consider taking action against those using the salute in large groups. The Foreign Office’s website advises: “It is illegal to criticise the coup and you should be wary of making political statements in public. Some anti-coup demonstrations are taking place in Bangkok and some other cities. These could become violent. “You should exercise extreme caution and remain alert to the situation. If you’re in any doubt about your safety, stay in your accommodation. You should avoid all protests sites, political gatherings, demonstrations and marches.” Authorities have advised that the curfew does not apply to those travelling to or from airports, but departing or arriving travellers should have their passports and tickets with them for presentation. Natai Beach, Thailand 9 Telegraph expert rating


What is the science which maps the main features of the heavens and the earth, including astronomy, geography and geology?

Cosmography | Define Cosmography at Dictionary.com cosmography noun, plural cosmographies. 1. a science that describes and maps the main features of the heavens and the earth, including astronomy, geography, and geology. 2. a description or representation of the main features of the universe. Origin of cosmography 1350-1400; Middle English < Greek kosmographía description of the world. See cosmo- , -graphy Related forms [koz-muh-graf-ik] /ˌkɒz məˈgræf ɪk/ (Show IPA), cosmographical, adjective cosmographically, adverb Examples from the Web for cosmography Expand The Long Voyage Carl Richard Jacobi The same has been affirmed also by persons versed in learning and skilled in the science of cosmography. Hernando Cortez John S. C. Abbott In perusal of history, first, provide you some writers in chronology and cosmography. British Dictionary definitions for cosmography Expand a representation of the world or the universe 2. the science dealing with the whole order of nature Derived Forms Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for cosmography Expand "description of the universe," mid-15c., from cosmo- + -graphy . Related: Cosmographic. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Which element does Zn represent in the Periodic Table?

Zinc»the essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] CAS Registry ID : 7440-66-6 Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal. It is brittle at ambient temperatures but is malleable at 100 to 150°C. It is a reasonable conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. The picture above shows the result from burning a mixture of zinc metal powder and sulphur (only to be demonstrated by a professionally qualified chemist). Zinc: historical information Zinc was discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746 at Germany. Origin of name : from the German word "zink". Centuries before zinc was recognized as a distinct element, zinc ores were used for making brass (a mixture of copper and zinc). A brass dating from between 1400-1000 BC has been found in Palestine. An alloy containing 87% zinc was found in prehistoric ruins in Transylvania. The smelting of zinc ores with copper was apparently discovered in Cyprus and was used later by the Romans. Metallic zinc was produced in the 13th century in India by reducing calamine (zinc carbonate, ZnCO3) with organic substances such as wool. The metal was rediscovered later in Europe. William Champion set up a zinc industry in Bristol (England) in the 1740s. Other plants were established a little later in Belgium and Silesia. Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of Chemical Philosophy. The symbol used by Dalton for zinc is shown below. [See History of Chemistry, Sir Edward Thorpe, volume 1, Watts & Co, London, 1914.] Zinc around us Read more » Zinc is essential in the diets of plants and animals. Zinc shortage in soils around the world is an important problem. Zinc is the key component of many enzymes. The protein hormone insulin contains zinc. Zinc plays a role in reproduction and also sexual maturation. Zinc deficiency resluts in stunted growth and in male sexual immaturity. This is reversed on the addition of zinc in the diet. Some organisms seem to accumulate zinc. Zinc is never found as the free metal but there are a number of important ores such as sphalerite (zincblende, zinc sulphide, ZnS), smithsonite (zinc carbonate, ZnCO3), zincspar (also zinc carbonate, ZnCO3), and marmatite (zinc sulphide, ZnS, containing some iron sulphide, FeS). Zinc is wide spread around the world. Important deposits are located in North America and Australia. Abundances for zinc in a number of different environments. More abundance data » Location Second ionisation energy : 1733.3 kJ mol‑1 Isolation Isolation : zinc metal is readily available commercially so it is not normally necesary to make it in the laboratory. Most zinc production is based upon sulphide ores. These are roasted in industrial plants to form zinc oxide, ZnO. This may be reduced with carbon to form zinc metal, but in practice ingenious technology is required to ensure that the resulting zinc does not contain oxide impurities. ZnO + C → Zn + CO ZnO + CO → Zn + CO2 CO2 + C → 2CO The other type of extraction is electrolytic. Dissolution of crude zinc oxide, ZnO, in sulphuric acid gives zinc sulphate, ZnSO4 in solution. Cadmium is an impurity and this is removed as a precipitate of cadmium sulphate by the addition of zinc dust. Electrolysis of the ZnSO4 solution using aluminium cathodes and lead alloyed with silver anodes gives pure zinc metal coated on the aluminium