In the TV sitcom 'Frasier' what is the forename of Frasier's producer played by Peri Gilpin?

Frasier (TV Series 1993–2004) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Dr. Frasier Crane moves back to his hometown of Seattle where he lives with his father and works as a radio psychiatrist. Creators: Roz wins a weekend at a ski lodge, and trades it to Frasier. Daphne invites along her friend Annie, a swimsuit model. Frasier is taken with her, but she is interested in Niles. Added to the mix is ... 9.5 Frasier tries to direct an old-time radio drama for KACL, but his over-directing turns the show into a complete disaster - just as Niles predicted. 9.4 Frasier, Niles, Daphne, Martin, and Roz move on to new chapters in their lives. 9.2 a list of 41 titles created 15 Feb 2012 a list of 38 titles created 08 Jan 2015 a list of 26 titles created 10 May 2015 a list of 22 titles created 27 Oct 2015 a list of 44 titles created 11 months ago Search for " Frasier " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     3     Golden Globes. Another    127 wins & 272 nominations. See more awards  » Photos The regulars of the Boston bar Cheers share their experiences and lives with each other while drinking or working at the bar where everybody knows your name. Stars: Ted Danson, Rhea Perlman, John Ratzenberger In this sitcom, Charlie, who takes Mike Flaherty's place in later years, is the Deputy-Mayor of New York City, and his team of half-wits must constantly save the Mayor from embarrassment and the media. Stars: Michael J. Fox, Charlie Sheen, Heather Locklear Will and Grace live together in an apartment in New York. He's a gay lawyer, she's a straight interior designer. Stars: Eric McCormack, Debra Messing, Megan Mullally Light television comedy featuring Paul and Jaime Buchman as a recently married couple in New York City. They point out the gentle humor of domesticity and in the everyday situations of life. Stars: Paul Reiser, Helen Hunt, John Pankow Al Bundy is a misanthropic women's shoe salesman with a miserable life. He hates his job, his wife is lazy, his son is dysfunctional (especially with women), and his daughter is dim-witted and promiscuous. Stars: Ed O'Neill, Christina Applegate, Katey Sagal The staff of a New York City taxicab company go about their job while they dream of greater things. Stars: Judd Hirsch, Jeff Conaway, Danny DeVito Hot-tempered journalist Maya Gallo got herself fired from yet another job when she made an anchorwoman cry on the air with some gag copy on the teleprompter. Unable to find a job anywhere ... See full summary  » Stars: Laura San Giacomo, Enrico Colantoni, George Segal The Banks family, a respectable Californian family, take in a relative - Will Smith, a street-smart teenager from Philadelphia. The idea is to make him respectable, responsible and mature, but Will has got other plans... Stars: Will Smith, James Avery, Alfonso Ribeiro Delivery man Doug Heffernan has a good life: He's got a pretty wife (Carrie), a big TV and friends to watch it with. Then Carrie's goofy and annoying father Arthur moves in with them. Stars: Kevin James, Leah Remini, Jerry Stiller Four previously married women live together in Miami, sharing their various experiences together and enjoying themselves despite hard times. Stars: Bea Arthur, Betty White, Rue McClanahan     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.3/10 X   A free spirited yoga instructor finds true love in a conservative lawyer and they got married on the first date. Though they are polar opposites; her need of stability is fulfilled with him, his need of optimism is fulfilled with her. Stars: Jenna Elfman, Thomas Gibson, Joel Murray The misadventures of a tough female television journalist and her friends. Stars: Candice Bergen, Grant Shaud, Robert Pastorelli Edit Storyline Dr. Frasier Crane, a


Guinea-Bissau was until 1973 a colony of which country?

Guinea Bissau War of Independence (Guerra do Ultramar/Guerra Colonial) | the Polynational War Memorial Portugal , Guinea-Bissau Published prior to 2013  | Altered: 2014-08-10 17:40:39 Guerilla warfare against the Portuguese in Guinea (not in Cape Verde, however, as logistical reasons prevented an armed struggle on the islands) began in March 1962 with an abortive attack by PAIGC guerillas on Praia. After being nearly crippled militarily, Amï¿½lcar Cabral ordered that sabotage be the PAIGCï¿½s main weapon until military strength could be regained. A PAIGC soldier with an AK-47In January 1963, Cabral declared full scale war against the Portuguese, and on January 23, the Portuguese fortress at Tite came under heavy gunfire from PAIGC guerillas. Frequent attacks in the north also took place. In that same month, attacks on police stations in Falacunda and Buba were carried out not only by the PAIGC but also by the short lived FLING, which was soon assimilated into the PAIGC. Soon after these attacks, the communist nations of the world realised that the colonial wars in Portuguese Africa could be a way of gaining a foothold on the continent. PAIGC guerillas received Kalashnikovs from the USSR, bazookas from Cuba and recoilless rifles from the Peopleï¿½s Republic of China. Guerillas were also trained in these countries. The first party congress took place at liberated Cassaca in February 1964, in which both the political and military arms of the PAIGC were assessed and reorganised, with a regular army (The Peopleï¿½s Army) to supplement the guerilla forces (The Peopleï¿½s Guerillas) Como Island was the site of a major battle between PAIGC and Portuguese forces, in which the PAIGC took control of the island and resisted fierce counterattacks by the Portuguese, including airstrikes by FAP (Portuguese: Forca Aerea Portuguesa; Portuguese Air Force) F-86 Sabres. Throughout the war, Portugal handled themselves poorly: it took them a long time to finally take the PAIGC seriously, diverting aircraft and troops based in Guinea to the more serious conflicts in Mozambique and Angola, and by the time that the Portuguese government began to realised that the PAIGC was a serious threat to their continued rule over Guinea, it was too late. Very little was done to try and curtail the guerilla operations; the Portuguese didnï¿½t try to sever the link between the populace and the PAIGC until very late in the war, and as a result, it became very dangerous for Portuguese troops to operate far from their fortresses. Following the loss of Como Island, the Portuguese army, navy and the FAP began Operation Tridente, a combined arms operation to retake the island. The PAIGC fought fiercely, and the Portuguese took heavy casualties and gained ground slowly. Finally, after 71 days of fighting and 851 FAP combat sorties, the island was taken back by the Portuguese. However, less than two months later, the PAIGC would retake the island, as the Portuguese operation to capture it had depleted much of their invasion force, leaving the island vulnerable. Como Island ceased to be of strategic importance to Portugal following establishment of new PAIGC positions in the south, especially on the Cantanhez and Quitafine Peninsulas. Large numbers of Portuguese troops on these peninsulas were encircled and besieged by guerillas. By 1967, the PAIGC had carried out 147 attacks on Portuguese barracks and army encampments, and effectively controlled 2/3rd of Portuguese Guinea. The following year, Portugal began a new campaign against the guerillas with the arrival of the new governor of the colony, Antï¿½nio de Spï¿½nola. Spï¿½nola began a massive construction campaign, building schools, hospitals, new housing and improving communications and the road system, in an attempt to gain public favour in Guinea. However, in 1970 the FAP began to use similar weapons to the USA were using in the Vietnam War: napalm and defoliants, the former to destroy guerillas when they could find them, the latter to try and decrease the number of ambushes that occurred when they could not. S


Who was the first person to be paid $1 million for appearing in a single movie?

Top 10 Influential Firsts in History - Toptenz.net Toptenz.net Posted by Bryan Johnson on September 4, 2009 in Health , History , Movies & Television , People , Science | 9,599 Views | 11 Responses History always has something to say about someone who is number one.  A certain individual can become famous for a variety of heroic, unfortunate, ground breaking, or even uncontrollable events.  When a new trend appears in transportation, communication, or the technical word, an innovator is always there to be the first to develop or test the new technology.  History has many examples of influential firsts that have had a great impact on society, culture, and the world as a whole. 10. The first internet virus: Morris Worm In 1988, Cornell University student Robert Tappan Morris created a computer worm and released it on the cyber world.  He claimed that he was trying to gauge the size of the internet.  The Morris worm worked by exploiting known vulnerabilities in Unix sendmail, Finger, rsh/rexec, and weak passwords.  However, the code became extremely damaging.  A computer could be infected multiple times with the virus and each occasion would slow the machine down considerably.  Often times to the point of becoming unusable.  It was estimated that there were about 60,000 computers attached to the internet at this time and the Morris worm affected 10% of them.  The U.S. Government Accountability Office put the cost of the damage at some where between $10 million and $100 million dollars.  The Morris worm was the first true distributed internet virus, certainly the first to gain mainstream media coverage.  Robert Morris was also the first person convicted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. 10. The first nude film scene by a leading actress: Audrey Munson From the beginning of the motion picture industry we have had various expressions of nudity in film.  Several films of the silent era and early sound era included nude scenes, which were presented in a historical or religious context.  In 1915, actress Audrey Munson appeared nude in the film Inspiration.  It is believed to be the first film to feature nudity from a leading cast member.  In 1934, American studios passed the Hays Code, which forbid scenes of nudity in American films.  The ban was not lifted until the 1960’s.  Many documentary, foreign, and pornographic films featured nudity during this era.  After the ban, Jayne Mansfield became the first mainstream American actress to appear nude in the 1963 film Promises! Promises! 8. The first actor to receive $1 million dollars for a single film: William Holden William Holden is one of Hollywood’s most storied and famous actors.  In the 1950’s he appeared in numerous classic films and in 1957 he starred in the production of The Bridge on the River Kwai and was paid $1 million dollars for his work.  The movie had the budget of a blockbuster and Holden was the highest paid actor of his day and the first to receive $1 million for a single role.  The Bridge on the River Kwai went on to win seven Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director (David Lean), and Best Actor (Alec Guinness).  On a separate note, Elizabeth Taylor was awarded a record setting $1 million dollars for her work in the 1963 film Cleopatra, making her the first actress to receive $1 million dollars for a role.  The movie Cleopatra is infamous for almost bankrupting 20th Century Fox.  Originally budgeted at a total of $2 million dollars, the film’s cost eventually exceeded $44 million, which is equivalent to $307.5 million dollars today.  Taylor didn’t quite mind the delays, as she ended up being paid a total of $7 million for all her overtime. 7. The first primate to successfully enter outer space: Albert II Before humans went into space, several animal species were launched through the atmosphere to test the biological effects of space travel.  The first animals intentionally sent into space were fruit flies, accompanied by corn seeds aboard a U.S. launched V2 rocket in 1947, but the first primate would not make the journey until June of 1949.  The


What river rises in Russia and flows through Belarus before reaching the sea in the Ukraine?

Water Report 15 Ukraine Geography and population Ukraine, located in eastern Europe, has a total area of 603 700 km� making it the third largest country of the FSU after the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan. It is bordered in the southwest by Romania and Moldova, in the west by Hungary, the Slovak Republic and Poland, in the north by Belarus, in the east by the Russian Federation, and in the south by the Black Sea, where the Crimea peninsula is located. Administratively, Ukraine is divided into 24 provinces (oblasts) plus the autonomous Republic of Crimea and the two large cities of Sevastopol and the capital Kiev, which are special districts. TABLE 1 100 % The predominant lowland is interrupted by several regions of modest elevation, such as the Volyn-Podolsk plateau (also called the Podolian plateau) in the west, the Dnepr ridge in the centre, and the Donets ridge in the southeast. The Carpathian mountains (with their highest peak at 2 061 m above sea level) and their foothills in the southwest, together with the Crimean mountains (1 545 m above sea level) along the southern coast of the Crimean peninsula, consti-tute the only mountainous sections of Ukraine. The cultivable area is estimated at 44.8 million ha, or 74% of the total area of the country. The cultivated area was estimated at about 31.2 million ha in 1993, of which about 30.2 million ha, or 97%, consisted of annual crops and 1 million ha, or 3%, of permanent crops. The potential for agricultural production is rather evenly spread throughout the country, with two distinguishable centres: the western region characterized by a moderate climate; and the southern region with its fertile black soils where irrigation plays an important role. The Chernobyl nuclear accident has contaminated about 4.1 million ha. About 92 settlements around Chernobyl have been evacuated. The State has provided financial support to 835 settlements for people wanting to move away. A strict radiological control has been applied over a larger zone, covering an additional 1 288 settlements. Due to the prevailing winds, most of the radioactivity fell on Belarus. Due to the market-oriented transformation of the economy, agricultural land ownership is undergoing many changes as land privatization progresses. The previously dominant collective sector is shrinking, giving way to the development of the private sector. According to the latest occicial data of 1 January 1993, a few months after the announcement of the land privatization decree, the private sector, consisting of individual farms, agricultural companies and agricultural cooperatives, owned 5.5 million ha, or about 12% of the total cultivable area (Figure 1). The public sector kolkhoz (collective farms) and sovkhoz (state farms) occupied 29.2 million ha and 10.1 million ha respectively.   106 m3/yr The total population is estimated at 51.6 million inhabitants (1996), of which 29% is rural. The annual population growth rate averaged 0.3% in the period 1980-1992, but in the last few years there has been a slight decrease in the total population of the country. The average population density is 85 inhabitants/km�, and ranges from 40 inhabitants/km� in the south and northwest (Volyn, Kherson) to more than 200 inhabitants/km� in the most industrialized regions (Kiev, Donietsk, Lviv). Women make up 54% of the total population, and are also the majority in the rural population (55%), unlike in other East European countries. Agriculture employs about 18% of the economically active population, far behind industry. Agriculture contributes 14% to the GDP, which declined by 33% between 1993 and 1995. Agricultural exports, consisting mainly of meat and animal products, account for about 40% of total exports. Climate and Water resources There are four agro-climatological zones in Ukraine: TABLE 3 -  inhabitants - The humid zone. This zone covers 35% of the country in the northwest. It is moderately warm in summer and cold in winter. The average annual precipitation is 600 mm, concentrated between May and October, but can reach 1 600 mm in the hi


In the 2006 Formula 1 season Jenson Button and which other driver won his first ever Grand Prix?

Jenson Button Biography Page 2015 position 16th (16 pts) Jenson Alexander Lyons Button, MBE (born 19 January 1980), sometimes known as JB, is a British Formula One driver from England currently driving for McLaren. He is the 2009 Formula One World Champion, driving for Brawn GP. Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success, before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship. He first drove in Formula One with Williams F1 for the 2000 season. The following year he switched to Benetton, which in 2002 became Renault, and then for the 2003 season he moved to BAR. In 2004 he finished 3rd in the World Drivers' Championship, with only the two Ferraris ahead of him. BAR was subsequently renamed Honda for the 2006 season, during which Button won his first Grand Prix in Hungary, after 113 races. Following the withdrawal of Honda from the sport in December 2008, he was left without a drive for the 2009 season, until Ross Brawn led a management buyout of the team in February 2009, and Button suddenly found himself in a highly competitive, Mercedes-engined car. He went on to win a record-equalling six of the first seven races of the 2009 season, securing the World Drivers' Championship at the Brazilian Grand Prix, having led on points all season; his success also helped Brawn GP to secure the World Constructors' Championship. For 2010, he moved to McLaren, partnering fellow British racer and former World Champion Lewis Hamilton. After finishing fifth for the team in 2010, Button finished the 2011 season as runner-up. In 2012 he took his first pole for McLaren at the 2012 Belgian Grand Prix. He spent a fifth season with the McLaren team in 2014, his 15th in Formula One. From the 287 races that Button has started he has won 15, with a total of 50 podium finishes. Contents 5.4 Complete Formula One results Early life and career Button was born on 19 January 1980 in Frome, Somerset and brought up in nearby Vobster. He was named after his father's Danish friend and rallycross opponent Erling Jensen, changing the "e" to an "o" to differentiate it from Jensen Motors. He was educated at Vallis First School, Selwood Middle School and Frome Community College. He is the fourth child of South African Simone Lyons and former Rallycross driver John Button, who was well known in the UK during most of the 1970s for his so-called Colorado Beetle Volkswagen, before switching to a VW Golf Mk1 in 1978. After his parents divorced when he was seven, he and his three elder sisters were brought up by their mother in Frome. However, after a while the boy moved to his stepmother Pippa Kerr, who had been married by his father in 1994. When Jenson was 19 years of age John Button and Pipa Kerr divorced. Button junior failed his first driving test for getting too close to a parked vehicle. Button enjoyed racing from an early age, racing his BMX bike with friends after school, he began karting at the Clay Pigeon Raceway at the age of eight, after his father bought him his first kart, and made an extraordinarily successful start. In 1989, aged nine, he came first in the British Super Prix. He won all 34 races of the 1991 British Cadet Kart Championship, along with the title with team Wright karts. Further successes followed, including three triumphs in the British Open Kart Championship. In 1997, he won the Ayrton Senna Memorial Cup, and also became the youngest driver ever to win the European Super A Championship. Aged 18, Button moved into car racing, winning the British Formula Ford Championship with Haywood Racing; he also triumphed in the Formula Ford Festival at Brands Hatch. At the end of 1998, he won the annual McLaren Autosport BRDC Young Driver Award. His prize included a test in a McLaren Formula One car, which he received at the end of the following year. Button entered the British Formula 3 Championship in 1999, with the Promatecme team. He won three times —at Thruxton, Pembrey and Silverstone—and finished the season as the top rookie driver, and third overall. He finis


In the telecoms term 3G, for what does the letter G stand?

What does 3G stand for? We've got 3 definitions for 3G » What does 3G stand for? What does 3G mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: 3G. Filter by: What does 3G mean? 3G 3G, short for third Generation, is the third generation of mobile telecommunications technology. 3G telecommunication networks support services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 200 kbit/s. However, many services advertised as 3G provide higher speed than the minimum technical requirements for a 3G service. Recent 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers. 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV. Couldn't find the full form or full meaning of 3G? Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: Discuss these 3G abbreviations with the community: Know what is 3G ? Got another good explanation for 3G ? Don't keep it to yourself! Add it HERE! Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web! Search the web


The national anthem of which European country has the same tune as 'God Saves The Queen'?

Why does Liechtenstein use "God Save the Queen" as its national anthem? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk Why does Liechtenstein use "God Save the Queen" as its national anthem? Tom Chilton, Kismaros, Hungary Lots of countries do, or did. It's a very old tune, that only became popular as 'God Save the Queen' after about 1745. Its origins are unknown, but various composers - including Purcell and Dowland - have been fingered as the creator. 'God Save the Queen' has never been officially adopted as the UK national anthem (the nearest it has come has been a 1934 Army order, laying down rules on interpretation and tempo). It's a catchy, bombastic, easy-to-follow, unadventurous tune, with a flexible and innately 'vocal' structure, and these factors have made it consistently ideal for anthemic purposes. GSTQ is the ultimate off-the-peg national anthem. Garrick Alder, London The simple answer is that Liechtenstein doesn''t use God Save the Queen, it does however use the same melody. The first line of the text is "Oben am jungen Rhein lehnet sich Liechtenstein An AlpenhÃ¶h''n." which roughly translates as "On the upper reaches of the young Rhine Liechtenstein leans agains the Alpine heights". The text was changed in 1963 from "German Rhine" to "young Rhine". The "German" was a reference to the fact that Liechtenstein is the last of the 343 states which once made up the Holy Roman Empire, as it is known in English, or "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" as it is known in German. Liechtenstein is however not the only state to have used this melody. Bismarck chose a song - "Heil dir im Siegerkranz" - to the same melody which was used by The German Empire until the end of the First World War. The text is similar in tone to God Save the Queen, praising the virtues of the Kaiser and wishing him immortality etc. The present German melody (composed by Haydn) was previously used by Austria (with different words). Though never having the status of national anthem, the US also uses the melody of God Save the Queen in a patriotic song. It all goes goes to show that melodies are interchangeable the world over. Andy Shackleton, Sheffield England I have heard that several countries use the tune of "God Save the Queen" for national anthems or other patriotic music, for example it is used in the USA for "My Country 'tis of Thee/Sweet Land of Liberty". Hugh, London, UK The Sex Pistols have always been popular there. William Barrett, London, UK It is also used as a royal anthem in Norway, and known as Kongesangen. The melody was also used in France, Sweden and Russia as a national anthem at one time or another. WS, Canterbury, UK Switzerland also used the same melody until about 40 years ago! I have also heard that the melody was French in origin and originally used for a hymn in the honor of Louis XIV. Martin Ricketts, Monaco Monaco


The eldest of her family, who was first seen in 1959, has a sister named Skipper, twin siblings, Stacie and Todd and in 1992 a baby sister Kelly?

family and friends - your barbie world your barbie world tutorials Barbie family and other principal characters  note the page has links to wikipedia Barbie  (1959–present) The first Barbie doll was described as a "Teen Age Fashion Model" on her packaging. According to the Random House books, the Barbie character's full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts, and her parents' names are George and Margaret Roberts. Originally she is a 16 year old student, but she works a variety of professions. George Roberts (1960-present) He is an engineer. He has a wife Margaret and children: Barbie, Skipper, Tutti and Todd (twins), Stacie and Kelly. Margaret Roberts (1960-present) Margaret's maiden name is Rawlins. She is a homemaker. She has older sister named Millicent. Ken  (1961-1967, 1969–present) The second character added to the line, Ken has been Barbie's boyfriend for much of the time the character has existed. After a short break, they got back together. According to the 1960s Random House books, Ken's full name is Kenneth Carson. In Barbie Fashion Comic #34 from 1993, Ken's grandmother is named Edna. In Barbie Fashion Comic #52 from 1995, Edna's father is named Kenneth. In Brazil in the 1980s, the Estrela company named the doll Bob instead of Ken (from the book Barbie Doll Around the World, by J. Michael Augustyniak, copyright 2008 Collector Books). Skipper  (1964–2003, 2010-present) Skipper was the first character added to the line as part of Barbie doll's family. Skipper is Barbie doll's younger sister, originally appearing to be approximately 10 years of age, and later becoming a teenager. Tutti  (1965-1971) Twin sister of Todd, both Tutti and Todd were younger siblings of Barbie and Skipper, and had seamless 'bendy' bodies. Both dolls appear to be approximately 4 years of barbie Francie  (1966-1977) Cousin of Barbie, Skipper, Tutti and Todd. Francie appeared to be only slightly younger than Barbie, and had a much less shapely figure. The Francie doll was the first to feature rooted eyelashes. In the March 1966 issue of Barbie Magazine, she is the daughter of Claude and Lily Fairchild. Jazzie (1988-1992) A new cousin of Barbie, part of a small group of high school age dolls. Stacie (1990- ) Introduced as Kelly in the 1991 Wedding Day Midge gift set as the flower girl, this doll is often confused with Tutti, though the Tutti character had been discontinued for years at this time. Kelly was renamed Stacie shortly thereafter, and the Kelly name was used for a younger character. Stacie also has a twin brother named Todd, although her packaging did not say so. Todd's packaging did say "Twin Brother of Stacie." These two are not to be confused with the earlier Tutti and Todd, although some believe Stacie and Todd to be a sort of reincarnation of them. Todd  (1990-1992) Introduced in the 1991 Wedding Day Midge gift set as the ring bearer, this doll should not be confused with the earlier Todd doll. His packaging mentions that he is the "twin brother of Stacie," similar to how the other Todd's packaging said he was the "twin brother of Tutti." Mattel's continuity for Barbie's family and friends has not been consistent over the years, some characters disappear for years at a time, others are dropped indefinitely, and still others continue for years while undergoing marked changes in appearance. Kelly (1995-late 2010) – This character is of toddler age, and is sister to Barbie, Skipper, and Stacie. Originally the baby of the family (replaced by her younger sister Krissy Roberts in 1999), she also has five older sisters named Stacie, Chelsea, Tutti Roberts, and Skipper, and a brother named Todd Roberts. In Europe, she is known as Shelly. Kelly dolls have since ceased production in late 2010 and were replaced by Chelsea. Excluding a brief period when the design of the Kelly doll was changed to have an oval-shaped head, larger eyes, and longer limbs marketed under the name "Sweetsville," Kelly dolls have stayed true to their original design which debuted in 1995. A Kelly doll was introcuced in the early 1990s as part of the Midge and Alle


Which US vice president had a family dog named Checkers?

Checkers, the dog who helped save Richard Nixon’s career Checkers, the dog who helped save Richard Nixon’s career January 9, 2013 On the 100th anniversary of Richard Nixon’s birth, we look back at the long-forgotten four-legged friend who helped save the future president’s political career in 1952. Checkers and Vice President Nixon. Source: Nixon Foundation Indeed, without Checkers the dog, American history could be missing the famous Kennedy-Nixon debate, the 1968 presidential race, the trips to China and Russia, and Watergate. Of course, President Nixon was a resourceful, resilient politician who could have bounced back from being dropped from the 1952 presidential ticket by Dwight Eisenhower. However, there are few historical examples of candidates who fell from such a big stage and regained their footing in a national election. And his career-saving speech could have worked without mentioning his family’s dog, as it had many other elements that used television in an innovative way. But when the Republican vice presidential nominee appeared before a national live TV and radio audience of 60 million people in September 23, 1952, everything was on the line for Nixon and his political future. And Checkers was a key player. Link: Full text of “Checkers” speech About 30 minutes later, Nixon had pulled off the first of several political comebacks in what became known as the “Checkers” speech. Nixon was facing allegations that he benefited from an $18,000 trust fund set up for a future U.S. Senate campaign. He denied the charges, but Eisenhower, under the advice of his campaign staff, was considering dropping Nixon from the campaign, based on public reaction to the speech. Nixon’s speech was carefully crafted to take advantage of the new medium of television and the sensitivity of Republican voters, including a full disclosure of his financial history and rhetoric right from Abraham Lincoln’s playbook. Nixon and his supporters called it the “fund” speech, and they knew their political careers rested on its success. And then, Nixon tossed in an anecdote about Checkers, the family’s cocker spaniel, to prove he was just another “common man.” Years later, Nixon acknowledged that he added Checkers almost as an inside joke, since President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave his famous “Fala” speech eight years to the day Nixon gave his speech. Roosevelt’s use of his own dog in a 1944 national address angered Republicans for years, because it helped turn a close race between Roosevelt and Thomas Dewey toward the Democrats. “I got a kind of malicious pleasure out of it. I’ll needle them on this one, I said to myself,” Nixon told an interviewer later in the 1950s. The Checkers anecdote clinched the deal. “A man down in Texas heard Pat on the radio mention the fact that our two youngsters would like to have a dog,” Nixon explained about a campaign gift from a supporter from Texas, which came in the form of a cocker spaniel. “Our little girl—Tricia, the 6-year-old—named it Checkers. And you know, the kids, like all kids, love the dog and I just want to say this right now, that regardless of what they say about it, we’re gonna keep it.” The public support for Nixon among GOP voters was overwhelming, and Nixon stayed on the ticket and was elected vice president. Recent Constitution Daily Stories Five losing candidates who came closest to becoming a president Eisenhower’s wife, Mamie, was in tears after the speech and reportedly told her husband that any man who loves dogs has to be honest. Checkers, in his own way, became a celebrity. But Nixon disliked the term “Checkers speech because he thought it diminished his skills as a politician. In a later book, he complained that the press and his opponents called the event the “Checkers” speech and insinuated that Nixon needed his dog to save his candidacy. “As though,” he said in 1962, “the mention of my dog was the only thing that saved my career.” Nixon loved the speech on its own as the “fund” speech and asked his future speech writers to review it as mandatory reading. Checkers didn’t live to se


In the medical organization NICE, for what does the letter C stand?

Acronym List Search CMS.gov Acronym List This list explains acronyms found on the cms.hhs.gov web site and other acronyms that are commonly used. This list is not a legal document. Warning: Due to the size of the acronym list, you may experience a long delay if you choose to view All Letters. We recommend limiting your view to a particular letter. Alternatively, you can perform an Acronym Search . All Letters : Displays the all the acronyms OMB Circular "Major Systems Acquisitions (ADP)" General OMB Circular "Charge Back for ADP Services Provided to Multiple Users" General OMB Circular "Management of Federal Information Resources" General American Association of Hospital Accountants General, Health Care OMB Circular "Policies for Acquiring Commercial or Industrial Products or Services General American Association of Blood Banks General, Health Care Association for Ambulatory Behavioral Healthcare General, Health Care American Association of Colleges of Nursing General, Health Care American Association for Cancer Research Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary Army & Air Force Exchange Services General, Health Care American Academy of Family Physicians General, Health Care Administrative Analysis Grade Evaluation Guide General American Association of Homes for the Aging Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary American Association of Health Plans Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary American Association of Homes & Services for the Aging Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary American Association of Kidney Patients Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary Association of American Medical Colleges General, Health Care American Association of Professional Coders General, Health Care Adjusted Average Per Capita Cost General, Health Care American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry General, Health Care American Association of Physicians for Human Rights General, Health Care Average Annual Rate of Growth General American Association of Retired Persons Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary Action Plan by Electronic Claims Transaction Institute General, IT Organization American College of Emergency Physicians General, Health Care Annual Contractor Evaluation Reporting System General American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists General, Health Care American College of Healthcare Executives General, Health Care PHS Immunization Practice Advisory Committee General American Council of Life Insurance General American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists General, Health Care Annual Compound Rate of Growth General, IT Organization Advisory Council on Social Security General Administration on Children, Youth & Families Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary After Date of Award Document General Alcohol, Drug Abuse & Mental Health Administration General, Health Care Contractor, General, Health Care, HIPAA Administrative Simplification, IT Organization, Medicare Beneficiary, State ADAPSO Association of Data Processing Services Organization General, IT Organization Automated DASD Archival Restoration System General, IT Organization Ambulatory Diagnostic Group Hospital Dominant General, Health Care Advance Determination of Medicare Coverage General, Health Care Alcohol, Drug Abuse & Mental Health Services Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary Advanced DOB Information (System) (SSA) General Average Day's Work On Hand General Automatic Earnings Recomputation Operation (MBR) General, IT Organization Armed Forces Communications & Electronics Association General Aid to Families with Dependant Children (Title IV of the SS Act) Health Care, Medicare Beneficiary American Federation of Electronic Health Care Transactions General, Health Care Association for Electronic Health Care Transactions Health Care Association of Federal Information Resources Management General American Federation of Home Health Agencies General, Health Care American Federation of Information Resources Societies General American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees General AT&T Global Network Services IT Organization Ame


Under what name is bummalo fish served in a restaurant?

Fish And Seafood | Preparing Seafood Meals and Dishes | Fish Cuts En Lorgnette A Abalone      - A univalve mollusc also      known as Ormer or Sea Ear, which can be found along the coasts of California,      Mexico, Japan and rarely on Europe. The edible portion is the "adductor      muscle" ( foot) by which it clings to rocks. The flesh is tough but well      flavoured so tenderised the "foot" is essential through batting      - it can then be eaten raw or slowly stewed. Ahi      - A type of tuna that can reach      about 300 pounds in weight. They feature a pale pink flesh that is relatively      mild. Also called " Yellowfin tuna." Aida - A way of serving flatfish fillets similar to florentine but with the      addition of paprika to mornay sauce and spinach. Aku      - This small tuna (6 to 8 pounds)      has a light-colored meat similar to yellowfin .      The Japanese call this fish "Katsuo." Akule      - This marine fish, found near Hawaii, is normally served salted and      dried. Also known as "Bigeye Scad." Alaskan      Cod - This saltwater fish, which is not a true cod ,      has a soft textured flesh and a mild flavor. Its high fat content makes      it a good fish for smoking. Also called "Sablefish." [ back      to the top ] Albacore      - A highly prized, mild-flavored tuna that weighs between 10 and 60 pounds. This high-fat fish is the only tuna      that can honestly be called "white." It is the most expensive variety      of canned tuna. Alewife      - One of the most popular members of the herring family, the alewife      is anadromous (it spawns in fresh water). This fish provides high-fat      flesh with a fine, soft, texture. Alligator      - A large aquatic reptile that grows up to 19 feet in length. The      meat is generally only available in its native regions--Louisiana and      the Gulf States. Alligators feature meat ranging from white to dark--mild      to strongly flavored. Amberjack      - A lean, mild fish found along the South Atlantic coast. Difficult      to find in markets; usually sold whole. Anchovy      - There are many species of small, silvery fish known as "anchovies,"      but the true anchovy comes from the Mediterranean and southern European      coastlines. Anchovy is delicious fresh often filleted, salt-cured, and      canned in oil. Used sparingly to flavor foods. To fillet an anchovy run      the thumbnail from head to tail on both sides of the spine. [ back      to the top ] Angler      Fish - This large low-fat, firm-textured salt-water fish has a mild,      sweet flavor that compares with lobster. Sometimes referred to as "poor      man's lobster." Also called "Monkfish," and "goose-fish." Arctic      Bonito - This small tuna (6 to 8 pounds) has a light-colored meat      similar to yellowfin . The Japanese      call this fish "katsuo" and the Hawaiians call it " aku ." Arctic Char - The Arctic char      is distributed throughout the polar regions and is the most northerly      distributed of char, it is often sold smoked and is now becoming      commonly found on restaurant menus. Have a look at http://www.arcticchar.com/   Awa      - An important food fish of the Indo-Pacific region that offers a      tender, white flesh. Hawaiians use Awa for making fish cakes and sashimi.      Also called "Milkfish." B Bacalao - Most salt cod comes from Norway. When choosing look for white flesh      and black skin - yellowing flesh denotes age. To use the fish needs to      be soaked for 24-48 hours, frequently changing the water, to remove most      of the salt. It is then ready to be poached - never boil salt cod otherwise      it will go stringy. Popular in Spain, the fish is often cooked with chilli      and red pepper. Try adding to soups as part of the seasoning as well as      being fish. Barracuda


In a Disney film, which character is befriended by Timothy Q. Mouse?

Timothy Q. Mouse | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Timothy Q. Mouse is Dumbo 's best friend, mentor and the deuteragonist of Disney 's 1941  animated feature film  Dumbo .  Contents [ show ] Personality Throughout the film, Timothy's primary goal is to make Dumbo happy and help him rescue his mother. He is very clever and extremely caring for Dumbo. He understands Dumbo is crushed that his mother is away from him and tries not to push him too hard. He also speaks with a New York accent. Throughout the film, Timothy acts as the much needed protector in Dumbo's life, standing up for the saddened elephant when others attack him on account of his abnormally large ears. Oddly enough, despite his size, Timothy has quite a lot of attitude, and is extremely brave, no matter the foe he is up against. He cares for Dumbo, and truly wants him to succeed in life, save his mother, and prove to the world he is not some abomination. And with the determination that Timothy's famous for, the duo manage to accomplish just that. Not only does he acts as Dumbo's manager and motivator, but his closest friend, and for a while, his only friend. It should be noted that all of Timothy's actions in the film are clearly driven by his sympathy for Dumbo. After seeing the poor elephant abused and shunned by the other female elephants, Timothy does not only stand up for him, but takes the young elephant under his wing and sticks by his side throughout the entire film, determined to make him happy again and not once giving up hope. Appearances Dumbo In the film, Timothy appears after the ringmaster locks away Dumbo's mother. He eats out of a discarded bag of peanuts, looking with mild scorn at the other circus elephants while they gossip about Mrs. Jumbo and how she was locked away. They mention that they do not blame her, and that it was all the fault of Dumbo, with "ears only a mother could love." Timothy voices to himself that he finds the ears cute, and watches as Dumbo approaches the other elephants, who give him the cold shoulder. The little elephant walks away sadly, and Timothy, upset by the elephants' cruelty, walks into their midst and effortlessly terrifies them due to being a mouse, mocking and scaring them in the process. Afterwards, he goes to try to cheer Dumbo up, but the little elephant is also scared of him. After a failed attempt to bribe him with a peanut, Timothy earns Dumbo's trust when he says that working together, they may free his mother. Timothy befriends Dumbo. Timothy tells Dumbo in order to get his mother out, he must become a star. He struggles to think of an idea for it, but fails until they hear the nearby ringmaster talking to one of his workers about an idea he has: the "pyramid of pachyderms" act, but he fails to think of a climax. Timothy, seeing an opportunity, goes to the ringmaster while he sleeps and poses as his subconscious, tricking him into make Dumbo his climax by having him jump off a springboard and onto a platform at the top of the pyramid. The Ringmaster awakens, thinking it is his own idea, and does so. When the time comes for Dumbo to go out, Timothy ties up his ears in a bow to prevent him from tripping on them, and when Dumbo shows stage fright, he jabs him with a pin to make him run towards the springboard. On his run, however, the bow comes undone, he trips and flies past the springboard onto the ball that the elephants are balanced on. The elephants lose control and roll wildly around the big top, the guests all fleeing before them, and Timothy watching the events with one eye covered. The ball rolls towards Dumbo, who flees, but trips again. All of the elephants go flying, injuring all of them, and breaking down the big top. In the next town, the ringmaster demotes Dumbo to a clown, putting him through a humiliating act. Timothy scrubs him off afterwards and cheers him up by helping him visit his mother. They are happy to see each other, and Timothy looks on with contentment, but the visit lasts only a short time before Timothy must take Dumbo back to the circus grounds. Along the way, he


In which year did Louis Bleriot make the first powered flight across the English Channel?

Bleriot's Cross Channel Flight          Available in Franï¿½aise, Espaï¿½ol, Portuguï¿½s, Deutsch, Россию, 中文, 日本, and others. Old News he  following account of Louis Bleriot's flight across the English Channel  appeared in the 31 July 1909 edition of Flight, an English  magazine devoted to the new field of aviation. It includes information  from several eyewitnesses to the historic event. M. Bleriot's great  success is a fitting sequel to Mr. Latham's splendid failure; there  should be no jealousy in comparison, both are working in the cause of  flight. M. Bleriot reflects glory on his defeated rival at the same time  that he is crowned with the laurels of victory himself. And M. Bleriot  deserves his success; how much, none save those who have followed his  history in flight know. There were days not long since when M. Bleriot  used to tumble with his machine with almost monotonous persistency; yet  he kept on, in spite of criticisms. In those days, too, he was still  trying to fly a monoplane, and monoplanes were not very popular just  then, for there were not wanting critics who almost went as far as  saying that they would not fly at all. M. Bleriot is the champion of the  monoplane, and he has done more than anyone else to develop it.  Moreover, he is engineer and pilot combined, and the machine with which  he has crossed the Channel, and thereby traced his name indelibly on the  pages of history, is his own machine, the work of his own brain, and if  the truth were known, contains, we dare say, a good deal of his own  handicraft as well. He is not only a worker, he is a sportsman, is M.  Bleriot, and most thoroughly deserves every prize he has won. It is rather apt to be  forgotten how very early M. Bleriot commenced his aviation experiences.  As long ago as 1906 an illustration appeared in The Auto-motor  Journal of May 26th, of an aeroplane which MM. Bleriot and Voisin  had constructed for experimental work on Lake Enghien. It was a curious  machine that, but it has this much of especial interest, that it was  designed for use over water. In the following year, 1907, M. Bleriot had  built and was trying at Issy, near Paris, a monoplane which does not  differ in essentials from the machine which is on view this week at  Selfridge's. What mishaps he used to have in those days! Almost every  other time that he succeeded in getting off the ground he returned to  earth with a crash; he always broke something, but it was never himself,  always did this persevering pilot seem to bear a charmed life. As a  matter of fact, he used to take what precautions he could, and he  himself, as we mentioned last week, attributes many of his escapes to a  little trick which he had of throwing himself on to one of the wings of  his flyer when he saw that a catastrophe was imminent. M. Bleriot worked  on the principle that it was impossible to save both man and machine. When M. Bleriot had  advanced in the art of flight until he was easily among the two or three  genuine pilots of the day, he conceived the idea of making quite a small  machine, which type has since been known as his short-span flyer "No.  11." It was shown first of all at the Paris Salon at the end of last  year, and attracted a very great deal of attention on account of its  compact appearance. It was such a flyer as many had set their hearts  upon, but as many more had deemed impracticable. No one foresaw then  that this was to be the epoch-making machine with which he should fly 25  miles across country on July 17th and 31 miles across the sea on July  25th. True, the dimensions of the span are somewhat larger as the result  of alterations which followed various preliminary experiments, but that  it is still to all intents and purposes the same compact machine must  have been apparent to all who took the unique opportunity of seeing it  at Dover or during the past few days in London at the Selfridge  showrooms. By his two great  flights across country and


What were introduced to the British calendar by Sir John Lubbock, Governor of the Bank of England?

Bank Holidays | Office Holidays Bank Holidays Name for Holiday in various countries Bank Holidays may seem like a general term used for holidays in the British Isles, but as with most cultural events, there is always an interesting story behind everything... On Bank Holidays, generally on a Monday, all shops and banks are closed. But why are they called Bank Holidays, when it's not just Banks who get the day off? According to one story, The phrase Bank Holiday was originally initiated in the States. In 1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a bank holiday to help stop the money panic in the nation because the depositors had been withdrawing their funds with such speed that many banks ran out of money to pay over the counter. This is a nice tale, but the truth is that Bank Holidays had been so named for about sixty years before the time of the Wall Street Crash. In the early nineteenth century, the bank of England had observed around 33 saints' days and religious festivals as holidays. By 1834, this had been reduced to just four. Bank holidays were first introduced by the Bank Holidays Act of 1871, which designated four holidays in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and five in Scotland. It has been suggested by some that the term 'Bank' was used in favour of 'Public' as it gave the holidays more importance, and that if banks shut, then other businesses would do the same. Allegedly the four English holidays were picked by the MP Sir John Lubbock as they coincided with cricket matches. These were Easter Monday, the first Monday in August, the 26th December, and Whit Monday (England, Wales and Northern Ireland) and New Year's Day, Good Friday, the first Monday in May, the first Monday in August, and Christmas Day (Scotland). In England, people were so thankful of the holidays that the Bank Holidays were nicknamed 'St. Lubbock's Days'. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, both Christmas Day and Good Friday were traditional days of rest and Christian worship (as were Sundays) and did not need to be included in the Act. Early May Bank Holiday First Monday in May. First celebrated in 1978. Britain has a long heritage of May Day celebrations dating back to pagan times that still have echoes in such customs as the Maypole. More information on the Early May Bank Holiday . Spring Bank Holiday Last Monday in May. Also known as the Late may Bank Holiday. It became a holiday in 1967. It replaced Whit Monday as a public holiday in the UK. More information on the Spring Bank Holiday August Bank Holiday Observed on the last Monday in August in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is observed on the first Monday in August in Scotland. More information on the August Bank Holiday . Translate this page About Us Office Holidays provides calendars with dates and information on public holidays and bank holidays in key countries around the world. A valuable resource for planning meetings, increasing diversity awareness and general reference.


Who was the first man to win tennis's Grand Slam, winning all four major championships in 1938?

World Wide Words: Grand slam Random page Grand slam Q From Jonathan Odell: There’s been lots of talk about grand slam as a result of Andy Murray’s success in the US Open. Where did it come from? A Etymologically this slam has no connection with the word for a violent action, such as slamming a door. The immediate origin was the card game, bridge. Grand slam, to take all 13 tricks in a hand, has for more than a century been part of the vocabulary of players. Bridge became hugely popular in the US from the last years of the nineteenth century on and the term very soon began to take on other associations. It’s often said that the American journalist Allison Danzig took the card term and applied it to tennis in 1938. He was writing about the achievement of Donald Budge that year in winning all four major singles titles — the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. (Budge wasn’t the first to win them all, Fred Perry having achieved that two years earlier with his US Open success, but Perry didn’t win all four in the same year.) Danzig’s employment of it, if he did, was beaten by five years by this: Crawford, already the holder this year of the Australian, French and British singles championships, will make his bid for the first “grand slam” in tennis history when he plays Perry tomorrow afternoon for the American title. Salt Lake City Tribune (Utah), 10 Sep. 1933. In a syndicated report by Alan Gould of the Associated Press. Crawford failed: Fred Perry beat him. This wasn’t its first use in sports. It’s said that O B Keeler of the Atlanta Journal had used grand slam to describe the success of golfer Bobby Jones, who in 1930 won all four of the major golfing titles (British amateur, US open, British open and US amateur). I can’t confirm Keeler’s use, but the term was around widely from about July that year as Jones won successive tournaments and the expectation increased that he would succeed in all four. This is how one newspaper of many described the culmination: Bobby Jones swamped Gene Homans, 8 and 7, today in the finals of the U. S. amateur championship thereby completing his unparalleled “grand slam” in golf for 1930. Beatrice Daily Sun (Nebraska), 28 Sep. 1930. I’ve since found that it was also being used in other contexts for a team that won all its matches in a contest: it certainly appeared in reports about Davis Cup matches earlier the same year, so predating its use for the grand slam tennis singles titles. Furthermore, Paul Dickson, in The Dickson Baseball Dictionary, notes that it refers to a “home run hit with the bases loaded” and that the usage dates from an article in the New York Times on 27 May 1929: “One pinch-hitter thus producing what is known in baseball as a grand slam is enough to make a ball game momentous”. He also says it was used earlier for any hard-hit ball that scored a lot of runs, or indeed any home run. This is the earliest baseball reference I can find: After the game had been cinched in the sixth, the Infants couldn’t stop that awful stampede by the Camels. The herd almost pushed one across in the seventh but clever work by Sterling stopped it. The eighth however, was a grand slam for the Camels. Muscatine Journal (Iowa), 15 July 1910. I’ve found it in the same year as a figurative term for a decisive or knockout blow: Lulu’s press agent, having exhausted all other schemes, advertises for a husband for his star, the idea being to give the victim the “grand slam” at the altar, thus affording the reporters a great first page story. San Antonio Light and Gazette, 20 Oct. 1910. This is from a review of a comedy play, Lulu’s Husbands by Thompson Buchanan. The venerable bridge sense seems in turn to have acquired it from whist, in which a slam (without the grand) was likewise the taking of all 13 tricks in a hand. The Oxford English Dictionary has taken this back to a book of 1660. But it’s older still. An earlier game called ruff and honours, an ancestor of whist, had several names, one of them slam. It’s now thought that slam here is likely to be from the obsolete slampa


Malachite is a principal ore of which metal?

Malachite A mineral is a naturally occuring, homogeneous, solid with a crystalline atomic structure. Crystallinity implies  that a mineral has a definite and limited range of composition, and that the composition is expressible as a chemical  formula. Some definitions of minerals give them as inorganic materials, however both diamonds and graphite are considered  minerals, and both are primarily comprised of carbon, which would make them organic. So this leads me, as an  engineer, to believe that mineralogists do not have a good, precise definition of a mineral, but rather a loose  definition. The definition above, is the most inclusive and would include all substances currently described as minerals.  The key items that make something a mineral are occurring naturally, and the definite crystal structure, that is  expressible as a chemical formula. Rocks that do not meet this criteria are referred to as amorphis - not having a  definite structure or expressible as a chemical formula. Some elements that occur naturally and are minerals are arsenic,  bismuth, platinum, gold, silver, copper, and sulphur. THE DEFINITION OF ORGANIC: Organic chemistry is the study of those substances containing carbon in combination with hydrogen (H), and a few other non metals, namely oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and the halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2). Malachite is a copper bearing mineral, with as much as 58% copper content. The distinctive bright-green hydrous CARBONATE MINERAL malachite is a common but minor ore of copper. It is usually found in copper deposits associated with LIMESTONE, occurring with AZURITE as the weathering product of other copper ore minerals. Hardness is 3 1/2 to 4, streak is pale green, specific gravity is 3.9 to 4.1, and luster is adamantine to silky. Malachite forms needlelike prismatic crystals (monoclinic system) that are rarely distinct; it is usually found in granular, earthy, or fibrous masses and rounded, banded crusts. Malachite is used as a decorative stone when cut and polished, a semiprecious gem, and a green pigment. Half of the world's copper deposits are in the form of chalcopyrite ore. All important copper-bearing ores fall into two main classes: oxidized ores and sulfide ores. Sulfide ores are more important commercially. Ores are removed either by open-pit or by underground mining. Ores containing as little as 0.4% copper can be mined profitably in open-pit mining, but underground mining is profitable only if an ore contains 0.7%-6% copper. The oxidized ores, such as cuprite and tenorite, can be reduced directly to metallic copper by heating with carbon in a furnace, but the sulfide ores, such as chalcopyrite and chalcocite, require a more complex treatment in which low-grade ores have to be enriched before smelting begins. This involves the ore-flotation process, in which the ore is crushed and powdered before it is agitated with water containing a foaming agent and an agent to make the copper-bearing particles water-repellent. These particles accumulate in the froth on the surface of the flotation tank, and this froth is skimmed off and heated to about 800 deg C to remove some of the water as well as antimony, arsenic, and sulfur, which are also present.


Who was the only President of the Confederate States of the USA?

Jefferson Davis Elected President of the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis Elected President of the Confederate States of America November 6, 1861 Who was president during the Civil War? If you were from a Northern state, you answered Abraham Lincoln. If you were from a Southern state, you may have answered Jefferson Davis. On November 6, 1861, Jefferson Davis was elected president, not of the United States of America but of the Confederate States of America. He ran unopposed and was elected to serve for a six-year term. Davis had already been serving as the temporary president for almost a year. How do you think President Lincoln, who had earlier been elected president of the United States, reacted to the Southern election? page 1 of 2


In which year did Chuck Yeager first break the sound barrier in a Bell X-1 rocket plane?

Chuck Yeager: First Person to Break the Sound Barrier Chuck Yeager: First Person to Break the Sound Barrier By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor | June 11, 2014 04:28am ET MORE Chuck Yeager continued to act as a flight consultant for the air force until his last flight on October 14, 1997. Credit: Air Force Test Center History Office Chuck Yeager was an American test pilot who was the first person to break the sound barrier — the point where a speeding object (such as an airplane) passes the speed of sound.  Yeager made his history-setting flight on Oct. 14, 1947 in an airplane he dubbed Glamorous Glennis, after his wife. The Bell X-1 rocket plane (which today hangs in the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum) passed Mach 1 following a drop from a B-29 airplane. The monumental "top secret" event was kept classified until 1948, but once it hit the public airwaves, Yeager became a celebrity. He also received a prestigious aviation award called the Collier Trophy, which called his flight the greatest achievement in aviation since the Wright brothers first took flight in 1903. War fighting and escape Yeager had a colorful aviation career long even before breaking the Mach barrier. Born in 1923 in a small town near Hamlin, West Virginia, Yeager grew up working on his father's pickup trucks, according to Yeager's website. His high school graduation in 1941 took place just six months before the United States entered World War II that December.  By that point, Yeager was a young member of the Army Air Corps. He was tapped for flight training in July 1942, and quickly distinguished himself among his peers.  "He had remarkable 20/10 eyesight, tremendous physical coordination, and an uncanny ability to stay focused in stressful situations. Those traits coupled with a competitive streak and his understanding of machinery caught the attention of his instructors," his website stated. Yeager received his pilot wings in 1943 and served in WWII, flying 64 combat missions for 270 hours in Europe. He was shot down on March 5, 1944, over Bordeaux, France, but with the assistance of French resistance movement the Maquis, Yeager made it back to neutral territory a few weeks later. USAF Capt. Charles E. Yeager (shown standing with the Bell X-1 supersonic rocket plane) became the first man to fly faster than the speed of sound in level flight on Oct. 14, 1947. Credit: United States Air Force Archive Breaking the barrier Following the war, one of Yeager's assignments as an assistant maintenance officer in the fighter section at the Flight Test Division in Wright Field, Ohio. Yeager's website describes the location as "the center of Army Air Forces R and D [research and development]", and said his main assignment was to fly the fighters being developed there. His flight skills got him some attention: he was asked to fly in air shows and also took part in service trials at Edwards Air Force Base (then called Muroc Army Air Field). Then in 1947, the young Yeager was picked to try to  break the sound barrier . Yeager's work on Glamorous Glennis began with three glide flights, then powered flights starting Aug. 29. He had trouble keeping the plane straight due to pitch problems, particularly on a flight Oct. 10 where he briefly lost pitch control completely. Another crew member suggested that Yeager should move the X-1's horizontal tail very slightly to keep his airplane under control. On his next flight, Oct. 14, Yeager tried out the tail idea at 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 Mach and found the method worked. "At 42,000 feet, [Yeager] relit a third chamber of his engine," his website stated. "The X-1 Glamorous Glennis rapidly accelerated to 0.98 Mach and then, at 43,000 feet, the needle on his Machmeter jumped off the scale." The speed of sound, Mach 1, is about 758 mph (1,220 kph) at sea level, and decreases with altitude.) After the test Yeager continued his flight testing duties for many years after breaking the sound barrier, including testing Lockheed’s XF-104, an aircraft that was capable of going double the speed of sound. But Yeager had a couple of


What was the name of John Mayall's band which included, at various times, Eric Clapton, John McVie, Peter Green and Mick Taylor?

John Mayall | New Music And Songs | John Mayall About John Mayall As the elder statesman of British blues, it is John Mayall's lot to be more renowned as a bandleader and mentor than as a performer in his own right. Throughout the '60s, his band, the Bluesbreakers, acted as a finishing school for the leading British blues-rock musicians of the era. Guitarists Eric Clapton, Peter Green, and Mick Taylor joined his band in a remarkable succession in the mid-'60s, honing their chops with Mayall before going on to join Cream, Fleetwood Mac, and the Rolling Stones, respectively. John McVie and Mick Fleetwood, Jack Bruce, Aynsley Dunbar, Dick Heckstall-Smith, Andy Fraser (of Free), John Almond, and Jon Mark also played and recorded with Mayall for varying lengths of times in the '60s. Mayall's personnel has tended to overshadow his own considerable abilities. Only an adequate singer, the multi-instrumentalist was adept in bringing out the best in his younger charges (Mayall himself was in his thirties by the time the Bluesbreakers began to make a name for themselves). Doing his best to provide a context in which they could play Chicago-style electric blues, Mayall was never complacent, writing most of his own material (which ranged from good to humdrum), revamping his lineup with unnerving regularity, and constantly experimenting within his basic blues format. Some of these experiments (with jazz-rock and an album on which he played all the instruments except drums) were forgettable; others, like his foray into acoustic music in the late '60s, were quite successful. Mayall's output has caught some flak from critics for paling next to the real African-American deal, but much of his vintage work -- if weeded out selectively -- is quite strong; especially his legendary 1966 LP with Eric Clapton, which both launched Clapton into stardom and kick-started the blues boom into full gear in England. When Clapton joined the Bluesbreakers in 1965, Mayall had already been recording for a year, and been performing professionally long before that. Originally based in Manchester, Mayall moved to London in 1963 on the advice of British blues godfather Alexis Korner, who thought a living could be made playing the blues in the bigger city. Tracing a path through his various lineups of the '60s is a daunting task. At least 15 different editions of the Bluesbreakers were in existence from January 1963 through mid-1970. Some notable musicians (like guitarist Davy Graham, Mick Fleetwood, and Jack Bruce) passed through for little more than a cup of coffee; Mayall's longest-running employee, bassist John McVie, lasted about four years. The Bluesbreakers, like Fairport Convention or the Fall, were more a concept than an ongoing core. Mayall, too, had the reputation of being a difficult and demanding employer, willing to give musicians their walking papers as his music evolved, although he also imparted invaluable schooling to them while the associations lasted. Mayall recorded his debut single in early 1964; he made his first album, a live affair, near the end of the year. At this point the Bluesbreakers had a more pronounced R&B influence than would be exhibited on their most famous recordings, somewhat in the mold of younger combos like the Animals and Rolling Stones, but the Bluesbreakers would take a turn for the purer with the recruitment of Eric Clapton in the spring of 1965. Clapton had left the Yardbirds in order to play straight blues, and the Bluesbreakers allowed him that freedom (or stuck to well-defined restrictions, depending upon your viewpoint). Clapton began to inspire reverent acclaim as one of Britain's top virtuosos, as reflected in the famous "Clapton is God" graffiti that appeared in London in the mid-'60s. In professional terms, though, 1965 wasn't the best of times for the group, which had been dropped by Decca. Clapton even left the group for a few months for an odd trip to Greece, leaving Mayall to straggle on with various fill-ins, including Peter Green. Clapton did return in late 1965, around the time an excellent blues-rock


Which Grade 1 listed attraction in the north-west was opened in 1894, having been built by Heenan and Froude?

Blackpool Tower Blackpool Tower .com Blackpool Tower is a tourist attraction in Blackpool , Lancashire, England, which was opened to the public on 14 May 1894. Inspired by the Eiffel Tower in Paris, it is 518 feet (158 metres) tall and is the 120th tallest freestanding tower in the world. [1] The tower is a Grade I listed building . [2] Contents 12 External links Construction The Blackpool Tower Company was founded by London-based Standard Contract & Debenture Corporation in 1890, when it bought an Aquarium on Central Promenade with the intention of building a replica Eiffel Tower on the site. John Bickerstaffe, a former Mayor of Blackpool, was asked to become Chairman of the new company and its shares went on sale in July 1891. The Standard Corporation kept 30,000 £1 shares for itself and offered £ 150,000 worth of shares to the public, although initially only two-thirds of these shares were taken up. This lack of interest forced the Tower Company to ask for further cash contributions from its existing shareholders, but the poor financial situation of the Standard Corporation, worsened by the falling share price, rendered it unable to pay. Bickerstaffe’s remedy for the potential collapse of the venture was to buy any shares available, until his original holding of £500 amounted to £20,000. He also released the Standard Corporation from their share commitments. When the Tower opened in 1894 its success justified the overall investment of nearly £300,000, and the Company made a £30,000 profit in 1896. [3] Two Lancashire architects, James Maxwell and Charles Tuke , designed the Tower and oversaw the laying of its foundation stone [4] on 29 September 1891. [5] By the time the Tower finally opened on 14 May 1894, both men had died. [4] Heenan & Froude of Worcester were appointed structural engineers , supplying and constructing both the main tower, the electric lighting and the steel front pieces for the aquariums . A new system of hydraulic riveting was used, based on the technology of Fielding & Platt of Gloucester . [6] The total cost for the design and construction of the tower and buildings was about £290,000. [7] Five million Accrington bricks , 2,500 tonnes of iron and 93 tonnes of cast steel were used to construct the tower. [8] Unlike the Eiffel Tower, Blackpool Tower is not free-standing. Its base is hidden by the building which houses Blackpool Tower Circus. The building occupies a total of 5,050 square metres (54,400 sq ft). [2] At the summit of the tower there is a flagpole; [9] [10] A time capsule is buried beneath the foundation. [7] The design of the tower was ahead of its time. As a writer for the BBC noted: “In heavy winds the building will gently sway, what a magnificent Victorian engineering masterpiece.” [10] History Blackpool Tower’s first circus programme The Tower and Illuminations When the tower opened, 3,000 customers took the first rides to the top. [4] Tourists paid sixpence for admission, sixpence more for a ride in the lifts to the top, and a further sixpence for the circus. [7] The first members of the public to ascend the tower had been local journalists in September 1893 using constructors’ ladders. [11] In 1897 the top of the tower caught fire, and the platform was seen on fire from up to fifty miles away. [5] The tower was not painted properly during the first thirty years and became corroded, leading to discussions about demolishing it. However, it was decided to rebuild it instead, and between 1921 and 1924 all the steelwork in the structure was replaced and renewed. [8] On 22 December 1894 Norwegian ship Abana was sailing from Liverpool to Savannah , Georgia but was caught up in a storm, and mistook the recently built Blackpool Tower for a lighthouse . Abana was first seen off North Pier, and later drifted to Little Bispham where she was wrecked, and can still be seen at low tide. The ship’s bell still hangs in St Andrews Church in Cleveleys. [12] In 1940, during the Second World War , the crow’s-nest was removed to allow the structure to be used as a Royal Air Force radar station known


Which public holiday is celebrated on the first Monday in September in the USA and Canada and in Australia on different days in different states?

USA Public holidays: Labor Day | Office Holidays Monday September 1st Labor Day, is a legal holiday celebrated on the first Monday in September in the United States, Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, and the Virgin Islands. Canada also celebrates Labour Day on the same day. In European countries, China and other parts of the world, May Day , the first day in May, is a holiday to celebrate workers and labor unions. Before it became an international workers holiday, May Day was a celebration of spring and the promise of summer. What Labor Day Means For most people, Labor Day means two things: a day off and a chance to say goodbye to the summer. But why is it called Labor Day? Labor Day is a day set aside to pay tribute to working men and women. It has been celebrated as a national holiday in the United States and Canada since 1894. "Labor Day differs in every essential way from the other holidays of the year in any country," said Samuel Gompers, founder and longtime president of the American Federation of Labor. "All other holidays are in a more or less degree connected with conflicts and battles of man's prowess over man, of strife and discord for greed and power, of glories achieved by one nation over another. Labor Day...is devoted to no man, living or dead, to no sect, race, or nation." Who started Labor Day? Like most cultural events, there is still some doubt over its origination. Some records show that Peter J. McGuire, general secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners and a cofounder of the American Federation of Labor, was first in suggesting a day to honor working men and women. But many believe that Matthew Maguire, a machinist, not Peter McGuire, founded the holiday. Recent research seems to support the contention that Matthew Maguire proposed the holiday in 1882 while serving as secretary of the Central Labor Union in New York. What is clear however is that the Central Labor Union adopted the Labor Day proposal and appointed a committee to plan a demonstration and picnic. The First Labor Day The first Labor Day holiday was celebrated on Tuesday, September 5, 1882, in New York City, in accordance with the plans of the Central Labor Union. In 1884 the first Monday in September was selected as the holiday, and the Central Labor Union urged similar organizations in other cities to follow the example of New York and celebrate a "workingmen's holiday" on that date. The idea spread with the growth of labor organizations, and in 1885 Labor Day was celebrated in many industrial centers of the country. In the USA, governmental recognition first came through municipal ordinances passed during 1885 and 1886. The first state bill was introduced into the New York legislature, but the first to become law was passed by Oregon on February 21, 1887. By 1894, 23 other states had adopted the holiday in honor of workers, and on June 28 of that year, Congress passed an act making the first Monday in September of each year a legal holiday in the District of Columbia and the territories. Sources: US Department of Labor, PBS, US Census Did you know? By the time the holiday was officially signed in law by President Grover Cleveland in 1894, 23 states already had their own celebrations Oregon was the first state to make Labor Day a legal holiday in 1887 A fashion tradition is never to wear white after Labor day. White clothing is usually worn in the summer to keep cool and Labor Day marks the end of summer. President Grover Cleveland and the U.S. Congress made Labor Day a national holiday in 1894 New York has the highest union membership rate at 24.7 percent; South Carolina has the lowest rate at 2.1 percent


Which major trunk road runs south from Wick to just north of Stirling where it then becomes a motorway?

A99 - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki A99 This article is about the current A99 in Caithness. For the first A99 which formed part of the Stirling eastern bypass, see A99 (Stirling) . The A99 is a manufactured road, in that it used to be the last 34-mile stretch of the A9 between Latheron and John o' Groats , before the A9 was diverted to Thurso . It runs from the small Caithness village of Latheron along the north east coast of Scotland, through Lybster and Wick to John o' Groats itself. From there, if you want to go further, it's either a swim or a ride on the ferry to the Orkneys - although it's better to leave from Scrabster which is probably why the A9 now ends up there. The start of the A99 in Latheron The A99 starts at Latheron as a TOTSO with the current A9 . Leaving Latheron (and the curiously named Latheronwheel to the south) you soon pass a turning left to a place called Nottingham (and you thought Nottingham was a city in the English Midlands famous for its outlaws and sheriffs). Continuing north-eastwards we pass Lybster, then, running parallel to the course of a disused railway, we head towards Wick. At a set of traffic lights in Wick the A99 loses its primary status. You could turn left at this point along the A882 towards Thurso, but our journey continues north on the A99. It crosses a bridge over the Wick River then TOTSOs left at traffic lights onto the High Street. The road leaves town and passes Wick Airport and the Caithness Glass factory. There is a TOTSO junction with the B876 further on – going north you have to turn right to stay on the A99. This is a legacy of the B876 being on the original line of the A88 - the original main route to Thurso and Scrabster. There really isn't very much going on north of Wick – the landscape becomes very open as the tree cover diminishes. Over the midsummer weekend it never really gets dark, and you can easily see the view beyond John o' Groats towards the island of Stroma and the Orkneys beyond. This is the A99 facing south just north of the A836 Junction Upon arrival in John o' Groats you can either turn left along the A836 north coast road to Thurso and Tongue or you park the car and walk to Duncansby Head – worth seeing. Or you can get your picture taken by that sign which tells you that you are 874 miles from Land's End, 690 miles from London, or however many miles from your corner of the world. Then you can buy loads of tacky 'end of the country' souvenirs before turning the car round and going back. It's nothing like as commercial as Land's End. The A99 ends in a car park at the jetty near the John o' Groats Hotel, from which the ferry runs in the summer. If the weather's good then you'll get some lovely views, particularly if you walk away from the car park along the coast. You are now about 130 miles away from Inverness. History Although the A99 is best known as the former route of the A9 , its route was originally part of the A88 as far as the TOTSO north of Wick and the B875 beyond. By 1932 the A88 had been rerouted and the B875 considerably shortened, so the entire road north of Wick had become the A882 except for a few hundred yards in John o' Groats which retained the B875 number. The whole route (A88, A882 and B875) was renumbered to the A9 on 16th May, 1935 and the renumbering to A99 occurred on 16th May, 1997. A99


Which famous singer was a member of 'Bluesology' in the early 1960s, leaving in 1967 and changing his name to one that was a combination of the names of two members of the group?

Elton John facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Elton John Sources Few pop stars have been so successful for so long as British rocker Elton John. Since bursting onto the music scene with his album Elton John in 1970, the flamboyant singer has placed 24 albums on the charts over a 15-year period while also generating 30 Top 40 hit singles. He has released at least one Top 40 single every year from 1970 to 1997. Only Elvis Presley rivaled John for popularity as a solo act in the United States , and John has managed to keep audiences coming back for more even as he evolved from the outrageous stage persona that earned him the nickname “rock’s Liberace” to a more sedate performer in recent years. Born Reginald Kenneth Dwight in a North London suburb, John was an only child who showed early musical talent. He learned to play piano by ear at the age of four, and soon became adept at playing a wide range of classical pieces. His talent won him a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London, which he attended on weekends from the age of eleven to 16. Music proved more than just a talent for John; it was also a refuge from a rather sad childhood. He suffered from a terrible inferiority complex and had a poor relationship with his father, who was a Royal Air Force squadron leader. “He never let me do anything that I wanted,” John told the New York Times in 1971. “I couldn’t even play in the garden … I used to pray that my father wouldn’t come home at the weekends.” After his parents divorced when John was a teenager, his father tried to talk his son out of pursuing a career in pop music while his mother fully supported his quest. John’s mother fueled his interest in rock music by bringing home records by Jerry Lee Lewis, Little Richard, and other American rock and roll stars of the time. In 1961 he joined Bluesology, the group that backed singer John Baldry. As a teenager John also performed solo at a local hotel. (John’s later changing of his name was the result of his combining the names of John Baldry and Bluesology’s saxophonist Elton Dean.) John quit school at age 17 so that he could focus completely on his music, and he played in various rock and blues bands during the next several years. During the day he found employment as an errand boy for a London publishing house. As John’s musical talent grew, he became frustrated with Baldry’s domination of Bluesology. He tried out for lead vocalist positions with King Crimson and Gentle Giant, but was rejected by both bands. A crucial juncture in John’s career was when he answered an ad for songwriters run by Liberty Records. Answering the same ad was Bernie Taupin, who Liberty teamed up with John to write commercial jingles as well For the Record… Born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on March 25, 1947, in Pinner, Middlesex, United Kingdom ; son of Stanley (a Royal Air Force squadron leader) and Sheila Eileen Dwight; married Renate Blauel, February 14, 1984 (divorced, 1988). Education: Royal Academy of Music, 1959–64. Won scholarship to London’s Royal Academy of Music as a youth; began playing piano with Bluesology, 1961; quit high school to focus on music, 1964; hired by Liberty Records to write songs with Bernie Taupin, 1967; released first single, “I’ve Been Loving You,” 1968; released first album, Empty Sky, 1969; first performed in U.S., 1970; had first charting single, “Your Song,” 1970; had first number-one hit, “Crocodile Rock,” 1972; founded Rocket Records, 1973; appeared in film version of the Who’s Tommy, 1974; signed contract with Geffen Records, 1981; first Western rock star to perform in Moscow , Soviet Union ; had throat operation, 1987; sought treatment for drug and alcohol addictions, 1990; set up Elton John AIDS Foundation, 1992; signed major publishing contract with Warner/Chappell Music, along with Bernie Taupin, 1992; collaborated with lyricist Tim Rice on songs for The Lion King, 1994; went on 41-concert world tour, 1995; began working with Tim Rice on music for a musical, 1996; performed “Candle in the Wind 1997” at the funeral of Dia


Which spirit is included in the cocktail 'Gibson'?

Gibson Cocktail Recipe You must be logged in to post a comment. Adding comment …  mdinsmoregmailcom590228010 posted 3 months ago Does a "traditional" gibson include bitters by default, or no? By traditional I mean, what am I most likely to get if I order a Gibson by name in most bars without specifying? drdygib posted 5 months ago I have been substituting Onion brine for Vermouth for over 50 years in a Tanqueray Gibson and have found that most customers preferred them that way. Never wash the onion. Mocktail posted 1 year ago Thank you, Historender, for giving the actual history of this drink. How quickly we forget, and make up snobby stuff to replace it. Historender posted 2 years ago I personally consider the brine of either olive or onion as part of the flavors of the drink. What I want to state here was more about the story behind this drink. Without any documented research only from my notes from mixoligy class at a famous international culinary school. The story goes Mr. Gibson was a Madison Ave. advertising man who was a tea toddle and he drank water disguised as a cocktail and the onion was an indicator to distinguish his beverage from the rest Historender posted 2 years ago I personally consider the brine of either olive or onion as part of the flavors of the drink. What ginmarsni posted 5 years ago ....As I do when substituting a Gibson for an In & Out Martini with lemon twist, does anyone wash the cocktail onion to keep the brine juice from ruining the taste of the gin........ ~ all comments loaded ~


Which now defunct car company manufactured the models Horizon, Samba and Solara?

PEUGEOT automobiles | Myn Transport Blog Myn Transport Blog For the article about the bicycle manufacturer, see Cycles Peugeot . Peugeot 1810 as a coffee mill company 1830 as a bicycle manufacturer 1882 as a car manufacturer 1898 as a motorcycle company 1926 as a separate company Founder Jean-Pierre Ploue (head of design) Products € 477 million (first half 2014) Number of employees Peugeot RCZ won five years in a row theDiesel Car magazine ‘Sports Car of the Year’ and the Top Gear 2010 Coupé of the Year Peugeot ( [pøʒo] ) is a French cars brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën . The family business that preceded the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810, and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles. On 20 November 1858, Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark . Armand Peugeot built the company’s first car, an unreliable steam tricycle , in collaboration with Leon Serpollet in 1889; this was followed in 1890 by an internal combustion car with a Panhard – Daimler engine. Due to family discord, Armand Peugeot in 1896 founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot. The Peugeot company and family are originally from Sochaux , France. Peugeot retains a large manufacturing plant and Peugeot museum there. In February 2014, the shareholders agreed to a recapitalisation plan, in which Dongfeng Motors and the French government each bought a 14% stake in the company. Peugeot has received many international awards for its vehicles, including four European Car of the Year awards. In 2013 and 2014, Peugeot ranked the second lowest for average CO2 emissions among generalist brands in Europe, the Renault car maker group being ranked first, with 114.9g CO2/km. Peugeot is known as a very reliable brand, citing how its 1950s and 1960s models are still running in Africa and Cuba in the 2010s, where Peugeot is called “the lion”. Peugeot has had an impressive history in motor sport for more than a century. Peugeot Sport won the World Rally Championship five times, the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup twice (2010, 2011), surpassing Toyota and Audi, the World Endurance Championship twice (1992, 1993), and the Intercontinental Rally Challenge Championship three times. During the last year, Peugeot Sport has surpassed the record set in the ascent to Pikes Peak with the Peugeot 208 T16 driven by Sébastien Loeb , and got a triple victory of the Peugeot 208 GTi in its class at the 24 Hours Nürburgring race. In 2015, Peugeot returned to the Dakar Rally after its four victories in the 1980s. History Early history The Peugeot family of Valentigney , Montbéliard , Franche-Comté , France, began in the manufacturing business in the 19th century. In 1842, they added production of coffee, pepper, and salt grinders. The company’s entry into the vehicle market was by means of  crinoline dresses, which used steel rods, leading to umbrella frames, saw blades, chisels, wire wheels, and bicycles.  Armand Peugeot introduced his “Le Grand Bi” penny-farthing in 1882, along with a range of other bicycles. The car company and bike company parted ways in 1926 but Peugeot bicycles continued to be built until very recently. Armand Peugeot became interested in the automobile early on and, after meeting with Gottlieb Daimler and others, was convinced of its viability. The first Peugeot automobile, a three-wheeled, steam-powered car designed by Léon Serpollet , was produced in 1889; only four examples were made.  Steam power was heavy and bulky and required lengthy warmup times. In 1890, after meeting Daimler and Émile Levassor , steam was abandoned in favour of a four-wheeled car with a petrol-fuelled internal combustion engine  built by Panhard under Daimler licence. The car was more sophisticated than many of its contemporaries, with a three-point suspension and a sliding-gear transmission. An example was sold to the young Alberto Santos-Dumont , who exported it to Brazil. More cars followed, 29 being built in 1892, 40 in 1894, 72 in 1895, 156 in 1898, and 300 in 1899. These early models were given “type” numbers. Peugeot became the first manufacturer to fit rubber tyres (s


Only one man since Donald Budge has won the tennis Grand Slam, achieving this feat twice, who is he?

Don Budge, First to Win Tennis's Grand Slam, Dies at 84 - The New York Times The New York Times Sports |Don Budge, First to Win Tennis's Grand Slam, Dies at 84 Search Continue reading the main story Don Budge, the red-haired athlete who helped redefine the terms of his sport by becoming the first player to win the Grand Slam of tennis, in 1938, died yesterday in Scranton, Pa. He was 84. Budge was injured Dec. 14 in northeastern Pennsylvania when the car he was driving skidded off a wet road and struck trees in the Pocono Mountains. He had to be cut from the wreckage and was hospitalized in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., until Jan. 8, when he was transferred to a nursing home in Scranton. Born in Oakland, Calif., on June 13, 1915, John Donald Budge came to tennis as a teenager already enamored of more rough-and-tumble sports like football and soccer, which had been dear to the heart of his Scottish father. When he decided to concentrate on tennis, he brought a big man's bravado to the game and by the age of 19 had been selected to represent his country in international Davis Cup competition. One of the early practitioners of power tennis, which has come to dominate today's game, the 6-foot2-inch Budge was probably the first player to use his backhand -- along with a crunching serve, smash and forehand -- as an attacking stroke. In fact, his rolled backhand changed tennis technique, and his overall excellence earned him distinction as one of the best to ever play the game. Continue reading the main story His size, strength and bulldog tenacity allowed him not only to outmuscle his opponents, but also to occasionally batter them into submission, much as he did when he dismissed Henry W. Austin of Britain in a mere 66 minutes in the 1938 Wimbledon final. Advertisement Continue reading the main story Budge initially distinguished himself as the major threat to Fred Perry of England, the reigning No. 1 amateur, when he reached the 1936 Wimbledon semifinals at the age of 21 as well as the final of that year's United States Nationals. But Budge's raw power was tamed by Perry. Once Perry turned professional in 1937, the boyish, affable Budge not only inherited his mantle as the world's top amateur, but also began staking his claim to the coveted Grand Slam crowns, which at that time were closed to professionals. The major tournaments did not allow professionals to compete until 1968. Budge captured both Wimbledon and the United States Nationals in 1937, received the Sullivan award as the nation's top amateur athlete, and procrastinated about turning professional himself to help his country keep its Davis Cup championship in 1938. Budge completed a stellar Davis Cup career with a record of 19-2 in singles and 6-2 in doubles. He reached his career apex in terms of drama, tension and match-playing flourish in the fifth and decisive match of the 1937 Davis Cup interzone final against Gottfried von Cramm of Germany. According to Bill Tilden, the tennis champion who was coaching the German team at the time, Budge's heroic comeback stood as ''the greatest match ever played.'' Not only was the tennis superb, but the event had implications far beyond sport. ''War talk was everywhere,'' Budge recalled in a book by the tennis writer and historian Bud Collins. ''Hitler was doing everything he could to stir up Germany. The atmosphere was filled with tension although von Cramm was a known anti-Nazi and remained one of the finest gentlemen and most popular players on the circuit.'' The competition was played at Wimbledon before a rapt audience that included Queen Mary and Jack Benny, to name two. Just before Budge and von Cramm took to Center Court with the series tied at 2-2, von Cramm received a supportive telephone call from Adolf Hitler. Budge rallied from two sets down to even the match, but then fell behind again, this time into a 4-1 fifth-set deficit. Abandoning caution, the American charged the net behind fierce returns of von Cramm's serve and twice broke back to pull even at 4-4. As daylight began to fade, the score went to 5-5, and 6-6. Then B


Where were the first shots fired at the start of the American Civil War?

First Shots of the American Civil War Previous: Causes | Civil War 101 | Next: War in the East, 1862-1863 Birth of the Confederacy In February 1861, delegates from the seven seceded states met in Montgomery, AL and formed the Confederate States of America. Working through the month, they produced the Confederate States Constitution which was adopted on March 11. This document mirrored the US Constitution in many ways, but provided for the explicit protection of slavery as well as espoused a stronger philosophy of states' rights. To lead the new government, the convention selected Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as president and Alexander Stephens of Georgia as vice president. Davis, a Mexican-American War veteran, had previously served as a US Senator and Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce . Lincoln and the South At his inauguration on March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln stated that the US Constitution was a binding contract and that the Southern states' secession had no legal basis. Continuing, he said that he had no intention of ending slavery where it already existed and did not plan on invading the South. He was, however willing to use force to retain possession of federal installations in the seceded states. Attempts to Relieve Fort Sumter As of April 1861, the US only retained control of two forts in the South: Fort Pickens at Pensacola, FL and Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC. Shortly after South Carolina seceded, the commander of the Charleston harbor defenses, Major Robert Anderson, moved his men from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter, located on a sandbar in the middle of the harbor. After refusing requests from the South Carolina government to vacate the fort, Anderson and the eighty-five men of his garrison settled in for what essentially became a siege. In January 1861, President Buchanan attempted to re-supply the fort, however the supply ship, Star of the West, was driven away by guns manned by cadets from the Citadel. Fort Sumter Attacked During March 1861, a debate raged in the Confederate government regarding how forceful they should be in trying to take possession of Forts Sumter and Pickens. Davis, like Lincoln, did not wish to anger the border states by appearing as the aggressor. With supplies low, Lincoln informed the governor of South Carolina, Francis W. Pickens, that he intended to have the fort re-provisioned, but promised that no additional men or munitions would be sent. This news was passed to Davis in Montgomery, where the decision was made to compel the fort's surrender before Lincoln's ships arrived. This duty fell to Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard who had been given command of the siege by Davis. Ironically, Beauregard had previously been a protégé of Anderson. On April 11, Beauregard sent an aide to demand the fort's surrender. Anderson refused and further discussions after midnight failed to resolve the situation. At 4:30am on April 12, a single mortar round burst over Fort Sumter signaling the other harbor forts to open fire. Anderson did not reply until 7:00 when Captain Abner Doubleday fired the first shot for the Union. After a 34-hour bombardment, and with his ammunition almost exhausted, Anderson surrendered the fort. Lincoln's Call for Volunteers & Further Secession In response to the attack on Fort Sumter, Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 90-day volunteers to put the rebellion down and ordered the US Navy to blockade Southern ports. While the Northern states readily sent troops, those states in the upper South hesitated. Unwilling to fight fellow Southerners, the states of Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina opted to secede and joined the Confederacy. In response, the capital was moved from Montgomery to Richmond, VA. On April 19, 1861, the first Union troops arrived in Baltimore, MD on their way to Washington. While marching from one train station to another they were attacked by a pro-Southern mob. In the riot that ensued twelve civilians and four soldiers were killed. To pacify the city, protect Washington, and ensure that Maryland remained in the Union, Lincoln declar