What is the correct term for a baby mackerel?

Handling and Processing Mackerel Mackerel and poisoning Introduction This note gives information on the shelf life of chilled and frozen mackerel and describes the manufacture of smoked, canned and salted products from mackerel. The processing advice is preceded by a brief description of the fish, its life history, and the fishery in the UK, with information on the quantity and value of the catch. Scientific name The scientific name of the mackerel caught in the north Atlantic is Scomber scombrus. The scientific name of the chub mackerel, a related species found in warmer waters in many parts of the world, is Scomber japonicus. Other species of Scomber, and species of Scomberomorus, Auxis and Rastrelliger are also described as mackerel in many parts of the world. Common name The name mackerel is used in the UK principally for the species Scomber scombrus, but the name can also be used in the UK for any species of Scomber offered for retail sale. Scomber scombrus is sometimes called Atlantic, northern or Boston mackerel to distinguish it from Scomber japonicus, which is variously called chub, Pacific, or Spanish mackerel. A small mackerel is sometimes called a cock mackerel, a joey or a little boy in England, or a pinner in Scotland. Distinguishing features The Atlantic mackerel has a rounded, elongated body with two widely spaced back fins, the first with 11-13 spiny rays, the second with soft rays; the chub mackerel has 9-10 spines in the first back fin. There are 4-6, usually 5, finlets between the second back fin and the rail, and between the anal fin and the tail, There is a small keel on each side of the tail stub. The tail is forked. The back of the mackerel is a brilliant greeny blue, and the head is a steely blue-black with a small yellow patch behind the eye. There are 23-33 dark wavy bands across the back of the fish down to the midline. The sides have a silvery or coppery sheen, the belly is silvery white and there is a broken black line just below the lateral line. The scales are small and the skin feels velvety. There is a swimbladder in the chub mackerel but not in the Atlantic mackerel. Life history Mackerel are found in summer throughout the waters of the European continental shelf, continually on the move in search of food; they feed on small fish such as sprats and sand eels, as well as on krill and plankton. At the start of the winter the mackerel migrate to overwintering areas; these are not well defined, but three are known around the UK, one in the northern North Sea along the Norwegian Deeps, another along the edge of the continental shelf in the western Celtic Sea and a third close to the south coast of Cornwall. The first two are typical overwintering areas and are similar to those off the east coast of North America; the mackerel are mixed with other species, for example scad in the Celtic Sea and Norway pout in the North Sea. Off Cornwall the pattern is different; large shoals of mackerel with few other fish among them move close inshore into relatively shallow water, although separate shoals of pilchard and scad are found in the area. The Cornish stock of winter mackerel was unknown before the mid 1960s, presumably because it was not there, and it is assumed to be an unstable offshoot of the stock in the Celtic Sea. Should the unknown factors that attracted the shoals suddenly change, there is always the possibility that they may just as suddenly withdraw from the area; nowhere else in the north Atlantic are adult mackerel found in a comparable position. Mackerel do not feed while overwintering, but they are not totally inactive. They form large dense shoals near the sea bed during daylight, but rise and disperse during darkness. Occasionally they disperse for no obvious reason and reform hours or even days later many miles from their previous position. Mackerel begin to move away from the overwintering areas in the spring to spawn and to start their feeding migrations. Spawning begins along the edge of the continental shelf in southern Biscay during February. By late March spawning occurs thr


Which country does the football club Benfica come from?

Urban Dictionary: benfica benfica n. Name of Portugal 's, Europe 's and the World 's biggest club. According to the Guiness Book of World Records: "The most widely supported football club is Sport Lisboa e Benfica, Portugal, which has 160,398 paid-up members. The record was acknowledged on 9 November 2006 during the celebrations for Guinness World Records Day. The team, better known as just Benfica or, by fans, SLB, has supporters in most municipalities of Portugal  and in cities throughout the world, namely Andorra, Angola, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, England, France, Germany, Guinea-Bissau, Luxembourg, Macao, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States." Benfica is one of the most prominent clubs in Europe having reached the final of the UEFA Champions Cup for 7 times (2W/5L). It it often said that Benfica is bigger than the country in which it was born - and not without cause. Because of its size, illustrious history and enduring popularity at home and abroad, Benfica is also the most hated, vilified and secretly envied institution in Portugal. "I've never seen anything like it." - Giovanni Trappatoni Benfica A big European club situated in Lisbon, Portugal. It has over 15 million fans world wide. And it't the club on the Guiness Book of Records of being the club with the most members in the world. (165,000) Benfica hs been very successful over the years winning; 31 Portuguese league titles, 24 Portuguese Cup titles. Internationally they've won 2 Uefa Champions League titles (61 & 62), and they made it to the final another 6 times. Benfica has also made it to the Uefa Cup final once. Benfica plays in the Estadio da Luz (Stadium of Light) which was recently renovated (Euro 2004), and given a new nickname "A Catedral" (The Cathedral)...In important matches it usually fills up and fans like to turn it to "O inferno." (The stadium of Hell -towards the visiting team). Benfica's symbol is the Eagle. The club has an actual Eagle (named Victoria) that flies over the stadium before important matches- where the fans go wild!!! Some important stadium songs are "SLB Glorioso & "Ninguem para o Benfica." Benfica is the greatest club of Europe!!!


Alfred Nobel and the History of Dynamite Industrialist Alfred Nobel invented the detonator for dynamite and nitroglycerin Simon Battensby/ Photographers Choice/ Getty images By Mary Bellis Updated October 23, 2016. The Nobel prizes was established by none other than inventor Alfred Nobel . But besides being the namesake behind one of the most prestigious awards given annually for academic, cultural and scientific achievements, Nobel is also well-known for making it possible for people to blow things up.     Before all that, however, the Swedish industrialist, engineer and inventor built bridges and buildings in his nation's capital Stockholm. It was his construction work that inspired Nobel to research new methods of blasting rock. So in 1860, the Nobel first started experimenting with an explosive chemical substance called nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin and Dynamite Nitroglycerin was first invented by Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero in 1846. In its natural liquid state, nitroglycerin is very volatile. Nobel understood this and in 1866 discovered that mixing nitroglycerine with silica would turn the liquid into a malleable paste called dynamite. One advantage that dynamite had over nitroglycerin was that it could be cylinder-shaped for insertion into the drilling holes used for mining. continue reading below our video Profile of Alfred Nobel In 1863, Nobel invented the Nobel patent detonator or blasting cap for detonating nitroglycerin. The detonator used a strong shock rather than heat combustion to ignite the explosives. The Nobel Company built the first factory to manufacture nitroglycerin and dynamite. In 1867, Nobel received U.S. patent number 78,317 for his invention of dynamite. To be able to detonate the dynamite rods, Nobel also improved his detonator (blasting cap) so that it could be ignited by lighting a fuse. In 1875, Nobel invented blasting gelatine, which was more stable and powerful than dynamite and patented it in 1876. In 1887, he was granted a French patent for "ballistite," a smokeless blasting powder made from nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. While Ballistite was developed as a substitute for black gun powder , a variation is used today as a solid fuel rocket propellant. Biography On October 21, 1833 Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden. His family moved to St. Petersburg in Russia when he was nine years old. Nobel prided himself on the many countries he lived in during his lifetime and considered himself a world citizen. In 1864, Albert Nobel founded Nitroglycerin AB in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1865, he built the Alfred Nobel & Co. Factory in Krümmel near Hamburg, Germany. In 1866, he established the United States Blasting Oil Company in the U.S. In 1870, he established the Société général pour la fabrication de la dynamite in Paris, France. When he died in 1896, Nobel stipulated the year before in his last will and testament that 94 percent of his total assets go toward the creation of an endowment fund to honor achievements in physical science, chemistry, medical science or physiology, literary work and service toward peace. Hence, the Nobel prize is awarded yearly to people whose work helps humanity. In total, Alfred Nobel held three hundred and fifty-five patents in the fields of electrochemistry, optics, biology, and physiology.


If you travel due East from New York which country would you made landfall at first?

The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus (1492-1493) Updated March 14, 2016. The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus: Having convinced the King and Queen of Spain to finance his voyage, Christopher Columbus departed mainland Spain on August 3, 1492. He quickly made port in the Canary Islands for a final restocking and left there on September 6. He was in command of three ships: the Pinta, the Niña, and the Santa María. Although Columbus was in overall command, the Pinta was captained by Martín Alonso Pinzón and the Niña by Vicente Yañez Pinzón. First landfall: San Salvador: On October 12, Rodrigo de Triana, a sailor aboard the Pinta, first sighted land. Columbus himself later claimed that he had seen a sort of light or aura before Triana did, allowing him to keep the reward he had promised to give whomever spotted land first. The land turned out to be a small island in the present-day Bahamas. Columbus named the island San Salvador, although he remarked in his journal that the natives referred to it as Guanahani. There is some debate over which island was Columbus’ first stop; most experts believe it to be San Salvador, Samana Cay, Plana Cays or Grand Turk Island. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know Second landfall: Cuba: Columbus explored five islands in the modern-day Bahamas before he made it to Cuba. He reached Cuba on October 28, making landfall at Bariay, a harbor near the eastern tip of the island. Thinking he had found China, he sent two men to investigate. They were Rodrigo de Jerez and Luis de Torres, a converted Jew who spoke Hebrew, Aramaic and Arabic in addition to Spanish. Columbus had brought him as an interpreter. The two men failed in their mission to find the Emperor of China, but did visit a native Taíno village. There they were the first to observe the smoking of tobacco, a habit which they promptly picked up. Third Landfall: Hispaniola: Leaving Cuba, Columbus made landfall on the Island of Hispaniola on December 5. The natives called it Haití, but Columbus renamed it La Española, a name which was later changed to Hispaniola when Latin texts were written about the discovery. On December 25, the Santa María ran aground and had to be abandoned. Columbus himself took over as captain of the Niña, as the Pinta had become separated from the other two ships. Negotiating with the local chieftain Guacanagari, Columbus arranged to leave 39 of his men behind in a small settlement, named La Navidad . Return to Spain: On January 6, the Pinta arrived and the ships were reunited: they set out for Spain on January 16. The ships arrived in Lisbon, Portugal, on March 4, returning to Spain shortly thereafter. Historical Importance of Columbus' First Voyage: In retrospect, it is somewhat surprising that what is today considered one of the most important voyages in history was something of a failure at the time. Columbus had promised to find a new, quicker route to the lucrative Chinese trade markets and he failed miserably. Instead of holds full of Chinese silks and spices he returned with some trinkets and a few bedraggled natives from Hispaniola: some ten more had perished on the voyage. In addition, he had lost the largest of the three ships entrusted to him. Columbus actually considered the natives his greatest find. He thought that a new slave trade could make his discoveries lucrative. Columbus was hugely disappointed a few years later when Queen Isabela, after careful thought, decided not to open the New World to slave trading. Columbus never believed that he had found something new: he maintained, to his dying day, that the lands he discovered were indeed part of the known Far East. In spite of the failure of the first expedition to find spices or gold, a much larger second expedition was approved, perhaps in part due to Columbus’ skills as a salesman. Sources: Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962


Who wrote the poem The Owl and the Pussycat?

The Owl and the Pussy-Cat - Poems | Academy of American Poets Academy of American Poets The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy’s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. browse poems & poets sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox sign up poem About this poet The British poet and painter known for his absurd wit, Edward Lear was born on May 12, 1812 and began his career as an artist at age 15. His father, a stockbroker of Danish origins, was sent to debtor's prison when Lear was thirteen and the young Lear was forced to earn a living. Lear quickly gained recognition for his work and in 1832 was hired by the London Zoological Society to execute illustrations of birds. In the same year, the Earl of Derby invited Lear to reside at his estate; Lear ended up staying on until 1836. His first book of poems, A Book of Nonsense (1846) was composed for the grandchildren of the Derby household. Around 1836 Lear decided to devote himself exclusively to landscape painting (although he continued to compose light verse). Between 1837 and 1847 Lear traveled extensively throughout Europe and Asia. After his return to England, Lear's travel journals were published in several volumes as The Illustrated Travels of a Landscape Painter. Popular and respected in his day, Lear's travel books have largely been ignored in the twentieth century. Rather, Lear is remembered for his humorous poems, such as "The Owl and the Pussycat," and as the creator of the form and meter of the modern limerick. Like his younger peer Lewis Carroll, Lear wrote many deeply fantastical poems about imaginary creatures, such as "The Dong with the Luminous Nose." His books of humorous verse also include Nonsense Songs (1871) and Laughable Lyrics (1877). Lear died on January 29, 1888 at the age of 76. Although the subject and form of his works varies greatly, all of Lear's poems can be characterized by his irreverent view of the world; Lear poked fun at everything, including himself in "By Way of a Preface." Many critics view Lear's devotion to the ridiculous as a method for dealing with or undermining the all-pervasive orderliness and industriousness of Victorian society. Regardless of impetus, the humor of Lear's poems has proved irrefutably timeless.


How many rounds are there in an Olympic boxing match?

Olympic Boxing Rules, Scoring and Judging By Andrew Eisele Updated October 12, 2016. What are the rules for boxing at the Olympic Games ? Several rule changes were made in 2013 that affected the Games from 2016 onward. These included allowing professional boxers to qualify, eliminating headgear for men, raising the minimum age to 19, and changing the scoring system. Qualifying for Olympic Boxing  Unlike most sports, slots are limited for Olympic boxing and just because you qualified nationally does not mean you are going to the Games. Professionals qualify through their ranking and an international Olympic qualifyer tournament. Amateur boxers qualify for the Olympics through performances at regional tournaments in Europe, Asia, the Americas, Africa and Oceania, or at a world qualifying tournament. More: How to Become an Olympic Boxer Olympic Tournaments The boxers are paired off at random for the Olympic Games, without regard to ranking. They fight in a single-elimination tournament, with the winner advancing to the next round and the loser dropping out of the competition. continue reading below our video How Boxing Is Scored: Amateur Winning boxers progress through the preliminary rounds to the quarterfinals and semifinals. The two semifinals winners fight for the gold and silver medals, while both losing semifinalists receive bronze medals. Men's bouts consist of a total of three rounds of three minutes each. Women's bouts consist of a total of four rounds of two minutes each. There is a one-minute rest interval between each round. Contests are won by knockout or on points. Scoring was switched to the 10-point must system as of the 2016 Olympic Games. Scoring for Olympic Boxing Through 2012 Before 2016, Olympic boxing matches were scored by hits. A panel of five judges pressed buttons when they believed the boxer had delivered a scoring hit with a marked part of the glove on the opponent's head or body above the belt. The electronic scoring system counted a point when three or more judges scored a hit within one second of each other. Under this system, the total points at the end of the bout determined the winner. Ties were determined first by who took the lead with better style, and if still a tie, by who showed the better defense. Scoring for Olympic Boxing 2016 and Onward As of the 2016 Olympic Games, scoring is done with the traditional 10-point must system that is commonly used in boxing. Rather than the total points, each round is scored by the five judges and a computer randomly selects three of their scores to count. Each judge must award 10 points to the boxer they judge to have won the round within 15 seconds of the end of the round. The judging criteria are the number of target-area blows landed, domination of the bout, technique and tactical superiority, competitiveness, and infringement of the rules. The winner of the round gets 10 points, while the loser gets a lower number from six to nine points. Nine points would denote a close round, eight points a clear winner, seven points total dominance, and six points overmatched. After the final round, each judge adds their round scores to determine a winner. In an unanimous decision, all of the judges gave the same boxer two or more rounds. If there is a disagreement among the judges, it is a split decision. Fouls When a boxer commits a foul, he faces a caution, a warning or, in extreme cases, disqualification. Two cautions for a particular offense mean an automatic warning, and three warnings of any kind mean disqualification. Some of the more common fouls include hitting below the belt, holding, pressing an arm or elbow into the opponent's face, forcing the opponent's head over the ropes, hitting with an open glove, hitting with the inside of the glove and hitting the opponent on the back of the head, neck or body. Others include passive defense, not stepping back when ordered to break, speaking offensively to the referee and trying to hit the opponent immediately after the order to break. Down and Out During a bout, a boxer is considered down if, as a result


How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates?

United Arab Emirates country profile - BBC News BBC News United Arab Emirates country profile 28 September 2016 Read more about sharing. Close share panel The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven states that has grown from a quiet backwater to one of the Middle East's most important economic centres. Though traditionally conservative, the UAE is one of the most liberal countries in the Gulf, with other cultures and beliefs generally tolerated. Politically it remains authoritarian, however. Relations with neighbouring Iran have been tense because of an ongoing territorial dispute over Gulf islands. The UAE was one of only three countries to recognise Taliban rule in Afghanistan. Before oil was discovered in the 1950s the UAE's economy was dependent on fishing and a declining pearl industry. But since oil exports began in 1962, the country's society and economy have been transformed. The UAE has diversified and has become a regional trading and tourism hub. UAE firms have invested heavily abroad. See more country profiles - Profiles compiled by BBC Monitoring FACTS LEADER President: Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Abu Dhabi President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed, who has a reputation as a pro-Western moderniser, was named as president by the UAE Federal Council in November 2004, shortly after the death of his father, Sheikh Zayed Bin-Sultan Al Nahyan. Image copyright Getty Images Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al Quwain - the seven emirates that make up the UAE - maintain a large degree of independence. The UAE is governed by a Supreme Council of Rulers made up of the seven emirs, who appoint the prime minister and the cabinet. MEDIA Image copyright Getty Images The UAE is a regional and international centre for TV and media. Dubai Media City and twofour54, Abu Dhabi's media zone, were set up to attract key international players such as Reuters, CNN, Sony and Fox. There is strong regulatory and political control of media content and even foreign publications are censored before distribution. With 8.8 million users, the UAE has one of the highest internet penetration rates in the Arab world. But it is extensively filtered; targeted content includes opposition politics and religion. TIMELINE Some key dates in the UAE's history: 1971 December - After independence from Britain, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujayrah, Sharjah, and Umm al Quwain come together as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sheikh Zayed Bin-Sultan Al Nuhayyan presides over the federation. 1972 - Ras al-Khaymah joins the federation. 2006 - First-ever national elections. A small number of hand-picked voters choose half of the members of the Federal National Council - an advisory body. 2015 - The UAE takes part in Saudi-led air strikes on Houthi rebels in Yemen.


What was the name of the experimental raft built by Thor Heyerdahl and named after an Inca Sun God?

Heyerdahl - definition of Heyerdahl by The Free Dictionary Heyerdahl - definition of Heyerdahl by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Heyerdahl Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia . Hey·er·dahl  (hā′ər-däl′, hī′-), Thor 1914-2002. Norwegian ethnologist and adventurer known for voyages such as the Kon-Tiki expedition (1947), in which he sailed a raft across the Pacific Ocean from Peru to Tuamotu to show that Polynesians may be of South American origin. Heyerdahl (Norwegian ˈhɛiərdaːl) n (Biography) Thor (tɔː). 1914–2002, Norwegian anthropologist. In 1947 he demonstrated that the Polynesians could originally have been migrants from South America, by sailing from Peru to the Pacific Islands of Tuamotu in the Kon-Tiki, a raft made of balsa wood. DNA testing in the late 1990s indicated that such a migration did not actually take place Hey•er•dahl


My Name is My Bond is the motto of which London institution?

Urban Dictionary: my word is my bond my word is my bond It's a maritime brokers' motto. Since 1801 the motto of the London Stock Exchange (in Latin "dictum meum pactum") where bargains are made with no exchange of documents and no written pledges being given. "My word is my bond" as brokers say (or "my word, my bond!")


What was the name of the bomb dropped on Nagasaki in August 1945?

Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki - Aug 09, 1945 - HISTORY.com Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki Share this: Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki Author Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1945, a second atom bomb is dropped on Japan by the United States, at Nagasaki, resulting finally in Japan’s unconditional surrender. The devastation wrought at Hiroshima was not sufficient to convince the Japanese War Council to accept the Potsdam Conference’s demand for unconditional surrender. The United States had already planned to drop their second atom bomb, nicknamed “Fat Man,” on August 11 in the event of such recalcitrance, but bad weather expected for that day pushed the date up to August 9th. So at 1:56 a.m., a specially adapted B-29 bomber, called “Bock’s Car,” after its usual commander, Frederick Bock, took off from Tinian Island under the command of Maj. Charles W. Sweeney. Nagasaki was a shipbuilding center, the very industry intended for destruction. The bomb was dropped at 11:02 a.m., 1,650 feet above the city. The explosion unleashed the equivalent force of 22,000 tons of TNT. The hills that surrounded the city did a better job of containing the destructive force, but the number killed is estimated at anywhere between 60,000 and 80,000 (exact figures are impossible, the blast having obliterated bodies and disintegrated records). General Leslie R. Groves, the man responsible for organizing the Manhattan Project, which solved the problem of producing and delivering the nuclear explosion, estimated that another atom bomb would be ready to use against Japan by August 17 or 18—but it was not necessary. Even though the War Council still remained divided (“It is far too early to say that the war is lost,” opined the Minister of War), Emperor Hirohito, by request of two War Council members eager to end the war, met with the Council and declared that “continuing the war can only result in the annihilation of the Japanese people…” The Emperor of Japan gave his permission for unconditional surrender. Related Videos


What part of the body is affected by Uveitis?

Facts About Uveitis | National Eye Institute Eye care professionals may also describe the disease as infectious or noninfectious uveitis. What is the Uvea and What Parts of the Eye are Most Affected by Uveitis? The uvea is the middle layer of the eye which contains much of the eye’s blood vessels (see diagram). This is one way that inflammatory cells can enter the eye. Located between the sclera, the eye’s white outer coat, and the inner layer of the eye, called the retina, the uvea consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid: Iris: The colored circle at the front of the eye. It defines eye color, secretes nutrients to keep the lens healthy, and controls the amount of light that enters the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil. Ciliary Body: It is located between the iris and the choroid. It helps the eye focus by controlling the shape of the lens and it provides nutrients to keep the lens healthy. Choroid: A thin, spongy network of blood vessels, which primarily provides nutrients to the retina. Uveitis disrupts vision by primarily causing problems with the lens, retina, optic nerve, and vitreous (see diagram): Lens: Transparent tissue that allows light into the eye. Retina: The layer of cells on the back, inside part of the eye that converts light into electrical signals sent to the brain. Optic Nerve: A bundle of nerve fibers that transmits electrical signals from the retina to the brain. Vitreous: The fluid filled space inside the eye. Causes and Risk Factors What Causes Uveitis? Uveitis is caused by inflammatory responses inside the eye. Inflammation is the body’s natural response to tissue damage, germs, or toxins. It produces swelling, redness, heat, and destroys tissues as certain white blood cells rush to the affected part of the body to contain or eliminate the insult. Uveitis may be caused by: An attack from the body’s own immune system (autoimmunity). Infections or tumors occurring within the eye or in other parts of the body. Bruises to the eye. Toxins that may penetrate the eye. The disease will cause symptoms, such as decreased vision, pain, light sensitivity, and increased floaters. In many cases the cause is unknown. Uveitis is usually classified by where it occurs in the eye. What is Anterior Uveitis? Anterior uveitis occurs in the front of the eye. It is the most common form of uveitis, predominantly occurring in young and middle-aged people. Many cases occur in healthy people and may only affect one eye but some are associated with rheumatologic, skin, gastrointestinal, lung and infectious diseases. What is Intermediate Uveitis? Intermediate uveitis is commonly seen in young adults. The center of the inflammation often appears in the vitreous (see diagram). It has been linked to several disorders including, sarcoidosis and multiple sclerosis. What is Posterior Uveitis? Posterior uveitis is the least common form of uveitis. It primarily occurs in the back of the eye, often involving both the retina and the choroid. It is often called choroditis or chorioretinitis. There are many infectious and non-infectious causes to posterior uveitis. What is Pan-Uveitis? Pan-uveitis is a term used when all three major parts of the eye are affected by inflammation. Behcet’s disease is one of the most well-known forms of pan-uveitis and it greatly damages the retina. Intermediate, posterior, and pan-uveitis are the most severe and highly recurrent forms of uveitis. They often cause blindness if left untreated. Diseases Associated with Uveitis Uveitis can be associated with many diseases including: AIDS Redness of the eye Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Anyone suffering eye pain, severe light sensitivity, and any change in vision should immediately be examined by an ophthalmologist. The signs and symptoms of uveitis depend on the type of inflammation. Acute anterior uveitis may occur in one or both eyes and in adults is characterized by eye pain, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, a small pupil, and redness. Intermediate uveitis causes blurred vision and floaters. Usually it is not associated with pain. Post


NLS/BPH: Minibibliographies, The Horatio Hornblower Series by C.S. Forester Home > Bibliographies > Minibibliographies > The  Horatio Hornblower Series by C.S. Forester NLS Minibibliographies The Horatio Hornblower Series by C.S. Forester Content last modified December 2014 Introduction In 1927, C.S. Forester purchased three volumes of The Naval Chronicle from  1790 to 1820. For the Chronicle, officers of the Royal Navy wrote articles on  strategy, seamanship, gunnery, and other professional topics of interest to  their colleagues. The Chronicle for those years covered the wars with Napoleon.  Reading these volumes and traveling by freighter from California to Central  America allowed the germination of the character Horatio Hornblower as a member  of the Royal Navy in the late eighteenth century. By the time Forester's journey  brought him home to England, the former medical student-turned-writer had plotted  Beat to Quarters, and it was published in 1937. A Ship of the Line and Flying  Colours were published soon after, and in 1939 all three appeared as Captain  Horatio Hornblower. Forester's interest in the Romantic period and the political and military  maneuvers of the early 1800s continued, and the Hornblower saga was produced.  Subsequent volumes in the series were sequels to the original trilogy or filled  in its gaps. The episodic quality of the novels is due partly to their having  appeared serially in magazines, primarily the Saturday Evening Post. Most of the books were written around the time of World War II, which influenced  Forester to concentrate on strong military leaders and heroic deeds in the earlier  world war he described. Hornblower's complexity has endeared him to readers.  He is cynical but compassionate, courageous but not without fear. Self-conscious  and socially unconfident, his marriage is a mismatch, and he finds himself in  love with the Duke of Wellington's sister. Above all he is a consummate seaman,  deserving of the loyalty of his men. The achievement of Forester, who led a quiet, contemplative life and suffered  from serious illness, was that in conjuring up person, period, and place--rousing  sea battles, eventual shore life, England, France, Central America--he made  it easy for readers to believe they were there. In England, Beat to Quarters  was published as The Happy Return. Captain Horatio Hornblower appeared as a  motion picture in 1951. Following are the books of the Horatio Hornblower series in the order in which  they should be read according to the Fiction Catalog, Twelfth Edition, 1991.  Dates are the original dates of publication. All of the books listed are available  from NLS network library collections. Mr. Midshipman Hornblower The early career of Horatio Hornblower of the British Royal Navy  is traced in a series of adventurous episodes. They illustrate the quick thinking,  brilliant intuition, and decisiveness characteristic of our hero and leave him  with the rank of lieutenant. 1950 DB 26915 Commander Hornblower marries Maria in England and soon afterward  sails for duty off the French coast. War breaks out with France, involving Hornblower  in a land raid and in several sea battles. 1962 DB 46118 Hornblower during the Crisis, and Two Stories: "Hornblower's Temptation" and "The Last Encounter" Hornblower receives a promotion to captain and is relieved of his  command of the Hotspur in this last-to-be-written and incomplete novel. When  the new captain is court-martialed, Horatio is asked to testify. In "Hornblower's  Temptation," which takes place before the events in Lieutenant Hornblower, an  Irishman condemned to die wants Hornblower to undertake an apparently innocuous  assignment. "The Last Encounter," truly the end of the saga, concerns a meeting  with Napoleon in 1848. 1967 DB 41649


Who or what may suffer from wind-sucking or crib-biting?

Causes, Characteristics and Solutions for Cribbing By Katherine Blocksdorf Updated September 22, 2016. Whether called cribbing, crib biting, wind sucking, or aerophagia, this is a destructive habit in horses caused by boredom and stress and possibly stomach acidity that can lead to equine ulcers . Once the habit is learned there is no sure remedy for breaking it  despite what you may read on websites selling herbs and gear. If you have a cribber, it’s certainly worth trying different things to try and control the habit, but at best, ‘curing’ a cribber is hit and miss. You probably won’t be able to stop a horse from cribbing in every situation. And, even if you do control it well, and then sell the horse, it many start cribbing  gain in its new home. So, if you’re selling a cribber, you must tell the new owner that the horse has this vice . And, it’s important to remember that because a horse cribs it’s misbehaving. Like any addict, a cribber needs help controlling itself. Foals can learn to crib from their mothers and young horses may learn it from others. Before you buy a horse, pony, donkey or mule that cribs make sure you are willing to deal with the damage to fences, trees, and stables and cope with the possible health risks that may come with cribbing. How do I cope with a horse that cribs? There is no 100% sure way to stop cribbing, beyond surgery, but there are ways to cope. Here are some suggestions that have been tried by many people who have cribbers. If you are planning to buy a horse, you will probably want to avoid a cribber. If a horse is a cribber, it may actually be illegal to sell a horse and not disclose it is as cribber beforehand. Even if it is not illegal where you are, it is certainly unethical. Asking if the horse has any vices should be on your list of questions for the owner of any horse you are considering buying. If you do buy a cribber, be prepared to deal with the habit for the time you own the horse . Without drastic measures, such a surgery, a cribber will continue being a cribber for its entire life. By trying enough different methods of control, however, you may be able to manage the habit so that it’s not destructive to the horse’s home or itself.


What is the name of the helicopter used to transport the President of the USA?

President Obama's New Marine One Helicopter Tools & Gear President Obama's New Marine One Helicopter President Obama is scheduled to receive a new Marine One helicopter sometime in late 2009. Now seven years into development,    the Lockheed Martin VH-71 is outfitted with state-of-the-art defensive measures, secure communications, and crash    survivability fuselage design. On-board encrypted videoconferencing capabilities will now allow the President to hold    virtual meetings with military advisors, senior politicians, and other world leaders. Though the full-spectrum of security features is not being publicly disseminated, a general overview of some key features    has been released. The new Marine One helicopter will feature the latest in radar warning receivers, incoming laser    detection, and counter-measures to help evade a surface-to-air or air-to-air missile attack. The new VH-71 Marine One helicopter is 64 feet long. It is outfitted to carry 14 passengers and has a galley    kitchen and a lavatory. The new helicopter has a range of 350 miles. By contrast, the old Sikorsky Sea Kings can only    transport 10 passengers over a range of just 100 miles. A total of 28 of the Lockheed VH-71 helicopters will be phased in over a 10 year period to replace the Presidents    current 19 helicopter fleet that is comprised of Sikorsky VH-3D Sea Kings and VH-60N Black Hawks. The Sea King is the    helicopter model the President has most often been transported in for the last 5 decades. In fact, some of the individual    aircraft in the current fleet are over 30 years old. The new Marine One helicopter project, being overseen by the U.S. Navy Air Systems Command, has been controversial    for a couple of reasons. First of all, each of the helicopters will cost an estimated $400 million dollars, and 28 of    them are being built. Secondly, though the helicopters are being manufactured by U.S.-based Lockheed Martin, the aircraft is    actually a design sourced from Augusta Westland of the UK. The size of the new Marine One project budget is pretty amazing when one puts it into perspective... At $400 million    dollars apiece, each helicopter costs more than the Presidents Air Force One Boeing 747. The development contract has    ballooned from an original cost of $6.2 billion to more than $11 billion. This has happened in spite of the fact that    the new Marine One is based upon an existing Augusta Westland EH101 helicopter design that has been in service for    several years. Regular EH101 helicopters cost around $60 million dollars each, a mere fraction of the new Presidential    helicopters price tag. Connecticut-based Sikorsky Aircraft has provided helicopters to American Presidents since 1961. So, it was quite a    blow to Sikorsky when they were beaten by the Lockheed Martin/Augusta Westland team and saw their high-profile    relationship with the Whitehouse slip away. But simply, the superior capabilities of the Lockheed/Augusta helicopter    was the better match for the unique needs of the current President of the United States.


What was the name of Francis Drake's ship in which he circumnavigated the world?

Sir Francis Drake: Circumnavigation of the World Sir Francis Drake Circumnavigation of the World In Dec., 1577, he set out with five ships to raid Spanish holdings on the Pacific coast of the New World. He abandoned two ships in the Río de la Plata in South America, and, with the remaining three, navigated the Straits of Magellan, the first Englishman to make the passage. A storm drove them far southward; one ship and its crew were destroyed, and another, separated from Drake's vessel, returned to England. Drake continued alone in the Golden Hind up the coast of South America, plundered Valparaiso and smaller settlements, cut loose the shipping at Callao, and captured a rich Spanish treasure ship. Armed now with Spanish charts, he continued north along the coast, looking for a possible passage to the Atlantic, feeling it would be unsafe to retrace his course. Sailing possibly as far north as the present state of Washington with no success, he determined to cross the Pacific. He returned to San Francisco Bay to repair and provision his ship. He named the region New Albion and took possession of it in the name of Queen Elizabeth I. Then, crossing the Pacific, he visited the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and Java, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived at Plymouth on Sept. 26, 1580, bearing treasure of extremely high value. Elizabeth endeavored for a time to justify Drake's conduct to Spain, but, failing to satisfy the Spanish, she finally abandoned all pretense and openly recognized Drake's exploits by knighting him aboard the Golden Hind. Sections in this article:


Which capital city is closest to the Equator?

What are three capital cities that sit on or near the equator? | Reference.com What are three capital cities that sit on or near the equator? A: Quick Answer Three capital cities that sit on or near the equator are Quito, Ecuador; Nairobi, Kenya and Kuala Lampur, Malaysia. Quito is located only 15 miles from the equator. Kuala Lampur is located just north of the equator, and Nairobi's proximity earned it the nickname "Green City in the Sun." Full Answer Quito is a city of over 2 million, as of 2015. The city experiences a spring climate for much of the year. Nairobi is the largest city in Kenya. It experiences two rainy seasons and a temperate climate, due to its location at 5,889 feet above sea level. Kuala Lampur is located on the peninsular portion of Malaysia, along the west coast. Its climate tends to be hot and humid.


What is the highest mountain in the USA?

20 Highest Mountain Peaks in the United States By Amanda Briney Updated October 02, 2016. The following is a list of the top 20 highest peaks in the United States. Notice that the highest point in the United States is Mt. McKinley in Alaska and the highest point in the contiguous (lower) 48 states is Mt. Whitney in California. (For reference, the state and mountain range in which the peak is located is included below.) 1) Mount McKinley (Denali): 20,320 feet (6,194 m) • State: Alaska 2) Mount Saint Elias: 18,008 feet (5,489 m) • States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 3) Mount Foraker: 17,400 feet (5,304 m) • State: Alaska 4) Mount Bona: 16,550 feet (5,044 m) • State: Alaska 5) Mount Blackburn: 16,390 feet (4,996 m) • State: Alaska 6) Mount Sanford: 16,237 feet (4,949 m) • State: Alaska • States: Alaska and British Columbia • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 8) Mount Hubbard - 14,950 feet (4,557 m) • States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 9) Mount Bear: 14,831 feet (4,520 m) • State: Alaska 10) Mount Hunter: 14,573 feet (4,442 m) • State: Alaska 11) Mount Whitney: 14,505 feet (4,421 m) • State: California 12) Mount Alverstone: 14,500 feet (4,420 m) • States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 13) University Peak: 14,470 feet (4,410 m) • State: Alaska 14) Mount Elbert: 14,440 feet (4,401 m) • State: Colorado 15) Mount Massive: 14,428 feet (4,398 m) • State: Colorado 16) Mount Harvard: 14,427 feet (4,397 m) • State: Colorado 17) Mount Rainier: 14,417 feet (4,394 m) • State: Washington 18) Mount Williamson: 14,389 feet (4,386 m) • State: California 19) La Plata Peak: 14,368 feet (4,379 m) • State: Colorado 20) Blanca Peak: 14,351 feet (4,374 m) • State: Colorado • Range: Sangre de Cristo Range Reference continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World (10 May 2010). Table of the Highest Major Summits of the United States - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_the_highest_major_summits_of_the_United_States#cite_note-N_Mount_Harvard-31


Longest Rivers - Geoscience Australia Longest Rivers Landforms from Space Longest Rivers The lengths of the 10 longest rivers in Australia were re-calculated in September 2008 by Geoscience Australia using data from the National Topographic Database. The calculations confirmed that Australia's longest single river is the River Murray at 2508 kilometres. However, if the longest tributaries of the Darling River, the Culgoa, Balonne and Condamine, are taken into account its total length increases to 2740 kilometres, making it Australia's longest waterway. The National Topographic Database is a nationally consistent dataset containing a range of topographic features, such as relief and drainage, which has been captured and maintained at a scale of 1:250 000 for the whole of Australia. Use of the database to digitally calculate the longest rivers has resulted in more precise estimates than those available previously. River names in the database are acquired from the place names authorities in each Australian State and Territory or other authoritative sources such as the Murray-Darling Basin Authority . The use of official names only for the latest calculations has resulted in significant differences from earlier calculations. For example, the 1545 kilometre length of the Darling River is based solely on those river sections called Darling River in the database. Separately named tributaries have not been included because they are not strictly part of the officially named Darling River. As a result, the Darling River is now apparently shorter than previously stated. However, if its major tributaries, the Culgoa, Balonne and Condamine, are included, its total length increases to 2740 kilometres. It is important to note that the new lengths are still only approximations, because they have been measured from a cartographic representation of the rivers, rather than the actual rivers. These are the revised top rivers in rank order: NAME


How many avenues radiate from the Arc De Triomphe in Paris?

Paris Arc de Triomphe Photo Gallery Paris Photo Gallery Arc de Triomphe Place Charles-de-Gaulle remains for many place de l'Etoile - 12 avenues radiate out from the Arc de Triomphe. The arch was built in honour of Napoleon's victories. At 50 m high and 45 m wide, the rooftop observation deck offers a spectacular view of Paris.


Which remote island in the Outer Hebrides was evacuated in 1930 and is no longer inhabited?

Tours of Scottish Islands | USA Today Tours of Scottish Islands The Shetland Isles are more than halfway between London and the Arctic Circle. (Photo: Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images ) Rail Travel From Glasgow to Edinburgh Scotland is a relatively small country with a total land area slightly smaller than that of Maine. A significant proportion of Scotland's total area, and a large part of the country's total coastline, is found in the many Scottish islands. From the major Scottish cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Inverness or Aberdeen, you can reach Scotland's western or northern isles by joining a group organized tour, arranging a private tour or traveling independently. Inner Hebrides The Inner Hebrides are an archipelago of islands off the west coast of Scotland, distinguished from the Outer Hebrides by their relative proximity to the Scottish mainland. Tourism is a primary commercial activity on these islands, of which only 36 are inhabited as of March 2011. Some of the larger islands include Coll, Eigg, Islay, Jura, Mull, Skye and Tiree. Organized group tours of the Inner Hebrides are offered by operators based in Oban, Glasgow and Edinburgh. If you prefer to tour independently, the Inner Hebrides can be reached by scheduled ferry from Kintyre, Oban and Mallaig. You can reach Oban by national rail from elsewhere in Scotland or the United Kingdom. Outer Hebrides The Outer Hebrides, also referred to as the Long Island or the Western Isles, sit to the northwest of the Inner Hebrides and further from the Scottish coast. Fifteen of the islands that make up the Outer Hebrides are inhabited as of March 2011; there are approximately 50 more uninhabited islands of reasonable size. Tourism is an important source of revenue in the Outer Hebrides, as is weaving, fishing and small-scale farming. Visitors can reach the Outer Hebrides on scheduled ferry services from Oban or Ullapool on the mainland or Uig on the Inner Hebrides island of Skye. Some ferries operate only during summer months. Flights are also available between Hebridean islands, and from the Hebrides to the Scottish mainland. The Outer Hebridean island of Barra is the only airport in the world to use a beach as a runway for scheduled flights. Flight times are arranged to depart and arrive in Barra during the hours the beach runway is not underwater. St. Kilda St. Kilda is a group of islands some 50 miles west of the Outer Hebrides. Until 1930, a community of crofters inhabited the larger of these remote islands. As of March 2011, the village of St. Kilda is abandoned and the islands are home to massive puffin, guillemot, fulmar and gannet populations. Boat tours to St. Kilda operate from the island of Harris, taking approximately three hours to make the 50-mile journey between islands. On St. Kilda, tourists can birdwatch, explore the abandoned village and visit the permanent museum. Orkney and Shetland Orkney and Shetland are two large inhabited islands to the north of the Scottish mainland. Regular scheduled ferries and flights to Shetland and Orkney depart the northeast Scottish city of Aberdeen. You can join an organized tour to the Northern Isles from Aberdeen, or travel from Edinburgh or Glasgow via group bus and ferry. Independently, you can take a scheduled flight from Aberdeen to Shetland or Orkney with British Airways or using Atlantic Airways' summer service. Orkney and Shetland offer spectacular scenery and wildlife, many miles of coastline and heritage sites including archaeological museums and historical shipwrecks of Scapa Flow. References


Who was the first British Prime Minister?

Prime Ministers of Great Britain political party 1721-42 Sir Robert Walpole - Restored confidence in the country following the South Sea Bubble financial crash of 1720. Dominated the political scene during the reigns of George I and George II. George II made Walpole a gift of 10 Downing Street. Walpole resigned as a consequence of his perceived mis-handling in dealing with the War of Jenkins' Ear . Whig 1742-43 Earl of Wilmington - Suffering poor health for most of his time as Prime Minister, he died in office. Whig 1743-54 Henry Pelham - During his time in the post he oversaw the the British involvement in the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744-48, the 1745 Jacobite Rising and the adoption of the Gregorian calender . He died in office. Whig 1754-56 Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Assumed the office of Prime Minister just 10 days after the death of his brother Henry Pelham. During the Seven Years' War, he was blamed for the loss of Minorca and was replaced by the Duke of Devonshire. Whig 1756-57 William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire - In a government effectively controlled by Pitt the Elder, Devonshire's administration was brought to end following the dismissal of Pitt by the king, it was replaced by the Second Newcastle Ministry. Whig 1757-62 Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Returning to office with Pitt the Elder as Southern Secretary, this government helped steer Britain to ultimate victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. Whig 1762-63 John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute - A favourite of George III, he was the first Scot to hold the top office. Unpopular with the 'great unwashed', he introduced a tax on cider in order to help pay for the Seven Years' War. He resigned following fierce criticism of his handling of the peace negotiations. Tory The Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, Viscount Melbourne 1828-30 Arthur Welleslley, 1st Duke of Wellington - The second Irish-born Prime Minister and second veteran general, perhaps more famous as a soldier of the Napoleonic Wars than a politician. Is said to have commented after his first Cabinet meeting: “An extraordinary affair. I gave them their orders and they wanted to stay and discuss them.” He introduced the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, removing many of the restrictions on Catholics in the UK. Resigned after a vote of no confidence. Tory 1830-34 Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey - Famous for the blend of tea named after him, his political achievements included the Reform Act of 1832, which started the process of electoral change that we recognise today. His other legacies included the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire and restrictions concerning the employment of children. He resigned after disagreements over his Irish policies. Whig 1834 William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - The last Prime Minister to be dismissed by a Sovereign, King William IV. Whig 1834-35 Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet - At the second time of asking, Peel accepted King William IV’s invitation to form a government. Head of a minority government, he resigned following a number of defeats in Parliament. Whig 1835-41 William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - Returning to office for the second time, Melbourne found the new Queen Victoria much more agreeable than William IV. Tutoring the young queen in the ways of politics, they formed a close relationship. He resigned after a series of parliamentary defeats. Whig 1841-46 Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet - Returning to office for the second time, Peel introduced important employment laws that banned women and children from working underground in mines, in addition The Factory Act of 1844 limited the hours of work for children and women. Unable to feed a starving Ireland, he finally succeeded in repealing the Corn Laws. Conservative 1846-52 Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell - Russell was the last Whig Prime Minister. His Public Health Act of 1848 improved the sanitary conditions of towns and cities. He was in office at the time of The Great Exhibition of 1851 . Whig 1852 Edward Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby - Co


Who did John Francis attempt to assassinated in 1842?

The men who tried to kill Queen Victoria | UK | News | Daily Express UK The men who tried to kill Queen Victoria ON MAY 30, 1842, John Francis came close to making Queen Victoria's reign five years rather than 64. Standing on Constitution Hill with a flintlock pistol, Francis waited for Victoria and Prince Albert to return from a carriage ride through London's parks. By Paul Thomas Murphy 09:47, Sun, Dec 16, 2012 It was his second attempt on the life of the monarch. The day before he had pointed his pistol at the Queen's carriage as she and Albert had made the short trip from Buckingham Palace to the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace. He had hesitated and fled but three people, including Albert, had seen him. The police were now on the alert and so were Victoria and Albert : they boldly decided to ride this day in an attempt to flush him out. Their plan worked but not without a hitch. Half an hour before their return, PC William Trounce had spotted Francis but as the Queen's carriage rushed down the hill, Trounce was torn between his desire to show due respect to his monarch and his duty to protect her. He opted for loyalty, turned to face the carriage and salute and was deafened as Francis fired at the Queen at close range. Related articles Jenna Coleman admits it was 'impossible' to turn down Victoria role He thrust his pistol into her face but faithful servant John Brown knocked it to the ground Such was the lax state of royal security during Victoria's reign . A detail of the Metropolitan Police followed her wherever she went and her Prime Ministers and Home Secretaries added to that detail as a response to any threat but it was she who decided when and how she would travel. The day Francis shot at her, the decision to ride was hers, as was the decision to ride the next day among a crowd of thousands clamouring to congratulate her. Between the first attempt on her life in 1840 and the last in 1882, Victoria refused to let her assailants cow her and opted to find her greatest security among her people. HULTON ROYALS COLLECTION Threats to the safety of our monarchy are sadly nothing new Though her decisions might seem to us dangerous, foolhardy even, and run counter to every tenet of royal security today they ultimately served Victoria well, as she converted seven near-tragedies into triumphs. In the wake of each attempt on her life the public rose up to demonstrate its loyalty and affection. Edward Oxford, pictured above, was the first: an unemployed barman who dreamt of a career as an Admiral in the Royal Navy. In June 1840, frustrated that the world did not recognise his greatness he confronted Victoria and Albert on Constitution Hill armed with two flashy duelling pistols. Victoria was four months pregnant with their first child. Had either of Oxford's shots killed the Queen the German Saxe-Coburg and Gotha line would have been erased but he missed and she rode on. Queen Victoria in pictures Thu, October 13, 2016 Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) was Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. Queen Elizabeth II's dresses on display at Buckingham Palace He got his wish, pleading guilty under Peel's act and suffered seven years' penal servitude and at the prison colony at Gibraltar before disappearing into obscurity in Western Australia. A year later, Victoria's fifth assailant, Robert Pate struck. He was the only one of the seven to harm the Queen. Well-known in London for his manic perambulations about Hyde Park, he interrupted one of these when he came upon the Queen's carriage inside the gates of her uncle's mansion on Piccadilly. 'He thrust pistol her face He pushed himself to the front of the crowd, knowing that when the Queen's carriage emerged he would find himself inches from her, and slashed his cane down upon the royal forehead, blackening Victoria's eye and leaving a welt. faithful John knocked the Victoria had intended to go to the opera that night. When her ladies-inwaiting begged her to stay home, she replied "Certainly not: if I do not go, it will


Who was the first person to cross the English Channel by aeroplane?

Bleriot XI World's Oldest Flying Aeroplane - YouTube Bleriot XI World's Oldest Flying Aeroplane Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 28, 2011 Copyright © 2011 Malcolm Auld This video and audio material may not be used in any form without written permission. The Bleriot XI was the first of Louis Bleriot's aircraft designs to be wholly successful. He proved exactly how successful a machine it was by several cross-country flights before thinking about attempting to cross the channel. Soon after 04:30 on Sunday 25 July 1909 Louis Bleriot took off from the French coast and forty minutes later he crash-landed near Dover Castle, to become the first person to cross the English Channel in an aeroplane. Following this success, Bleriot's monoplanes sold well and many flying schools adopted them as standard trainers. They were used in races and competitions and even in military roles. A Bleriot with the more powerful 50hp Gnome rotary engine was used for the first aerial post from Hendon to Windsor in September 1911. Today, the Bleriot is still popular as many Bleriot replicas are flying, some powered by original engines, others powered by more modern engines. Basically similar to the machine used for the Channel crossing, this machine (constructor's No.14) was one of the original aircraft at the Bleriot School at Hendon in 1910. It crashed in 1912, was stored under Blackfriars railway bridge and acquired by A.E. Grimmer who rebuilt and flew it. Richard Shuttleworth obtained it in 1935 as his first historic aeroplane. Richard demonstrated the Bleriot at RAeS garden parties in 1937, 38 and 39. It has also been seen at several Farnborough airshows and was present at the Farnborough 2000 event. Today, the Bleriot is restricted to straight hops across the aerodrome. However it is the world's oldest aeroplane with the earliest aero-engine in flying condition. Height: 8ft 5in Length: 25ft Wingspan: 29ft Engine: one 24hp Anzani fan Category


At Dettingen in 1743 who was the last British monarch to lead his troops into battle?

King George II Was The Last Monarch To Lead His Men Into Battle | Historic Royal Palaces George II made Kensington Palace the centre of his court life George II fell out with both his father and his son He was the last monarch to lead his troops into battle in 1743 at the Battle of Dettingen George II at the palaces As Prince of Wales, George felt that he was unfairly treated by his father – not given enough money and not entrusted with the regency when his father returned to Hanover. Relations between father and son were so sour that George and his wife Caroline were thrown out of court by George I and even, for a time, kept from their own children. In retaliation, they set up their own rival court filled with opposition politicians. History was doomed to repeat itself. After George became King in 1727 (Handel’s Zadok the Priest was composed for his Coronation), George and Caroline’s glamorous son, Prince Frederick, arrived in England and in turn became embroiled in a battle of wills with his parents; he was eventually banished from court in 1737.   In the first ten years of George II’s reign,  Kensington Palace was the glittering centre of court life where politicians, intellectuals and fashionable people vied for favour. George and Caroline used Hampton Court Palace regularly after their accession in 1727, especially during the summer when the palace would be alive with the flirtations, scheming and bickering of courtiers. George II had many mistresses, most notably Henrietta Howard, one of his queen’s closest ladies-in-waiting who were known as Women of the Bedchamber. However, George was devoted to his wife and was devastated by her death in 1737. She had promoted writers, poets and philosophers and court life under her auspices was glamorous and engaging.  After Caroline’s death, the bright and fashionable crowd was gradually replaced by a homely, ageing court residing in Kensington Palace which was by now half shut up and George increasingly focussed on his obsessive love of all things military. Earlier in his reign, George proved himself a good leader in battle and was the last British king to lead his troops into battle. Despite Kensington’s decline, it remained one of George’s favourite palaces right up until his death in 1760.  George II's grandson, George III , was the next monarch after Prince Frederick died in 1751 without ever repairing his relationship with his father. George II, German School, (c.1735 - 40) Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2014 George II on horseback (Battle of Dettingen) © National Army Museum / The Bridgeman Art Library  You may also be interested in...


At the 1908 Olympic Games, City of London Police defeated Liverpool Polce to win gold - at what event?

Olympic Gold Olympic Gold   Olympic Gold The City of London Police struck gold for Great Britain in the 1908 Olympic Games held in the purpose-built stadium at The White City, Shepherd's Bush. These were the first Olympics to see the now traditional gold, silver and bronze medal awards. The medals won by the City Police, came from three events – the Tug-of-War (gold) heavyweight boxing (gold) and heavyweight wrestling (bronze). The Tug-of-War was an Olympic sport for only six games. Few people know that the City of London Police team won the competition in 1908, provided half of the joint City and Metropolitan team that won silver in 1912 (Stockholm) and again won gold in 1920 in Antwerp. Three City Policemen were in all three Olympics, thereby winning two gold and one silver medal each. Great Britain fielded three Tug-of-War teams in 1908. Great Britain I was the City of London Police team; Great Britain II was drawn from the Liverpool City Police; and Great Britain III was made up of policemen from the Metropolitan K Division. Teams were entered by the United States, Sweden, Greece and Germany. The Times of 18 July 1908 reported that the Great Britain II team (the Liverpool Police) beat the USA in the first pull of their competition. The Americans then objected to the Liverpool team's boots. When the objection was overruled, they retired from the competition. The Liverpool team then went on to beat the Swedes by two pulls to none. The Greek and German teams having scratched and the City Police having beaten K Division Metropolitan (by two pulls to one) the final was between Great Britain I and Great Britain II. Team I – the City of London Police – was victorious. The Swedes joined the Greek and German teams in scratching from the competition, leaving Metropolitan K Division with the bronze medal. The winning City team offered to compete against their American rivals in bare feet. The offer was declined! The City Police jointly with the Metropolitan Police won silver to the Swedish Police team's gold in 1912. In 1920, the City Police again fielded Great Britain's team and were victorious, not losing one single pull during the competition. As Tug-of-War has not featured as an Olympic event since 1920, the City of London Police remain reigning champions! In every modern Olympic Games the City of London Police has had a representative. In 2000, Pc Kate Mackenzie represented Britain in the Rowing Ladies 8's. This was her second Olympics. Share this Last updated 18 November 2013 You are here:


Who took Bonnie Prince Charlie disguised as a woman from Benbecula to Skye

The Woman Who Saved Bonnie Prince Charlie – Lady Budd Bonnie Prince Charlie , Flora MacDonald 29 Comments Bonnie Prince Charlie Flora MacDonald The Woman Who Saved Bonnie Prince Charlie “…a name that will be mentioned in history, and if courage and fidelity be virtues, mentioned with honour.” Engraved on Flora MacDonald’s memorial at Kilmuir Bonnie Prince Charlie Monument, Glenfinnan, Scotland  Fionnghal NicDhòmhnaill was her Gaelic name, but most will know her as Flora MacDonald. She lost her father, Ranald MacDonald, at a young age and saw her mother abducted by and married to Hugh MacDonald of Armadale, Skye.  From that moment on she was under the care of the chief of her clan, The MacDonalds of Clanranald. June 1746, Flora was 24 years old and living on the island of Benbecula in the Outer Hebrides.  As fate would decree, she was in the right place, at the right time for the right reason.  Bonnie Prince Charlie took refuge on that very island after the disastrous Battle of Culloden.  The Hanoverian government had a firm control of the local militia, but the MacDonalds were secret supporters of the Jacobite cause. Captain O’Neill, the prince’s companion, asked for Flora’s assistance. The escape was simple, yet brilliant.  Flora’s stepfather, Hugh MacDonald provided a pass to the mainland for Flora,  a manservant, an Irish maid, Betty Burke, and six men to crew a boat.  Bonnie Prince Charlie was Betty Burke.  They managed to reach Kilbride, on the Isle of Skye where Flora arranged for help in the neighbourhood.  The prince escaped, but Flora was arrested and imprisoned for a short time in the Tower of London. Flora MacDonald lived to see many adventure on both sides of the Atlantic.  Yet, she will always be known, first and foremost, as the woman who saved Bonnie Prince Charlie.   The Skye Boat Song recounts the daring escape of Bonnie Prince Charlie, disguised as an Irish women. Speed, bonnie boat, like a bird on the wing Onward, the sailors cry!


King Henry I reportededly died from eating a surfeit of .... what?

Hunt for the grave of a medieval king: first check the car park - Telegraph Archaeology Hunt for the grave of a medieval king: first check the car park Philippa Langley, who led the search for Richard III’s remains, believes Henry  I could also be buried under a car park It is thought that the remains of 12th century King Henry I could be located beneath a car park Photo: Alamy Follow Richard III may not be the only medieval king whose remains ended up beneath a car park, according to the woman who led the search for his grave. Researchers looking for the tomb of Henry I on the site of Reading Abbey believe they may discover the king in similar circumstances to those of his descendant. Some of the ruins of Reading Abbey remain, such as the chapter house, but archaeologists are trying to plot the exact position of the church. Philippa Langley at the Richard III funeral service (PA) Henry, who reportedly died of a “surfeit of lampreys”, is recorded to have been buried underneath the high altar — which may now be below a school car park. Philippa Langley, who led the search for Richard’s remains in Leicester, is involved in the project in Reading as well. “The exact location of Richard III’s remains was unknown, and here too we have a story of a king’s bones possibly being lost,” she told BBC History Magazine. Henry founded Reading Abbey in 1121 as a royal mausoleum and his second wife, Adeliza, was also buried there. The abbey was largely destroyed in 1539 during the dissolution of the monasteries. One tale suggests that workmen, possibly acting on the instructions of Edward VI, targeted the abbey in the 1550s. They were purportedly hunting for the silver casket in which the king was supposedly buried and his remains were discarded in the process. Cadets wheel Richard III's coffin on to the battefield at Bosworth (Reuters) Henry, like Richard, is a king afflicted by dark rumours. Just as Richard III was implicated in the murders of his nephews, the Princes in the Tower, Henry took the throne in 1100 after the mysterious death of his brother, William II, in a hunting accident. He also had his eldest brother, Robert, Duke of Normandy, imprisoned for the rest of his life. Mrs Langley said that while some historians believed Henry, who died in 1135, was a cruel usurper, “others see him as an enlightened and educated peacemaker”. She said: “The people of Reading want to tell this extraordinary story and I want to help to get it out there.” The Hidden Abbey Project will carry out Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) research of the area next year and dig test trenches to estimate the site’s archaeological potential. The team hopes that the imaging will reveal sarcophagus burials, including that of the king. The ruins of Reading Abbey (Alamy) “There is believed to be a pristine Cluniac abbey layout buried beneath the ground at Reading,” said Mrs Langley. “One of the main aims of the project is to confirm the exact positioning of the abbey church, as well as its size and structure. Sarcophagus burials tend to show up very clearly in GPR research and potentially we might be able to see several. “What’s really exciting is that we know that Henry was buried in front of the high altar, with members of his family buried in specific locations around him.” Mrs Langley said that while estimates of the abbey’s size suggest the burial spot is located beneath a school, if the abbey is larger, it could be underneath either a playground or a car park. What happens next will be the decision of Historic England, which is supporting the Hidden Abbey Project. Judith Green, emeritus professor of medieval history at the University of Edinburgh, said the research would be important. “It would be interesting to know how much of Henry’s body was actually buried at Reading, because he died in western France after eating lampreys — jawless fish,” she said. • Richard III: Leicester Cathedral and other royal resting places Prof Green said the body was taken to Rouen to be embalmed as the weather was too poor to return to England. “His intestines, brain and ey


Desiree Seed Potatoes and Plants, Vegetable Gardening at HeirloomSolutions.com Description   Introduced from The Netherlands in 1962. In our garden, this is a must each year. The best red skinned, golden fleshed potato available. Moist creamy texture, an excellent choice for a general use potato. Heirloom Solutions reserves the right to substitute a similar variety in the event of a crop failure. More Information Ready to pick in 95 to 100 days Related Items


Noble Rot is a fungus affecting which fruit?

They Call It 'Noble Rot' Wine (Botrytis) | Wine Folly When a vineyard full of rotting grapes is a good thing. ‘Noble Rot’ or botrytis is a type of fungus that shrivels and decays wine grapes. Why would winemakers cross their fingers for rotting grapes? Well, there are a couple of amazing things that happen, but first, let’s find out what ‘Noble Rot’ is all about. ‘Noble Rot’ (aka Botrytis cinerea) is a type of Ascomycota within the Funghi kingdom. Other ascomycetes include the antibiotic penicillin, Stilton blue cheese and the fungus responsible for athelete’s foot. Botrytis cinerea can occur on fruits, vegetables and flowers –imagine a moldy strawberry. However with wine, it’s considered a good thing. Wines such as Sauternes from Bordeaux; Tokaji Aszu from Hungary, and Spätlese level German Riesling all are made from ‘Noble Rot’ grapes.   ‘Noble Rot’ on some Oraniensteiner grapes (rare cross of Riesling x Sylvaner) in British Columbia at Stoneboat What Does ‘Noble Rot’ Do? ‘Noble Rot’ basically does two things to wine: it intensifies the sweetness level and adds flavor complexity. Intensifies Sweetness ‘Noble Rot’ causes grapes to dehydrate while maintaining the sugar levels. More wine grapes are needed to make the same amount of juice and thus the juice has higher sugar content. Dessert wines made from Noble Rot grapes are more viscous and sweeter, some even have higher alcohol content. Adds Flavor Sommeliers often use the words “honey,” “beeswax” and “ginger” to describe the flavors that botrytis adds to wine. This could be because Noble Rot wines often have higher levels of a special aroma compound called phenylacetaldehyde. This compound is also commonly found in buckwheat and milk chocolate. Try Spätlese Riesling It’s common fir Spätlese (aka ‘late harvest’) German Riesling to be made with botrytis grapes.   famous ‘black mold’ in a wine cellar in Hungary. by Koritar Henriett A Long History of Mold and Wine Winemakers have struggled long and hard to battle mold in their vineyards and cellars. There is Powdery Mildew, a mold that affects vineyards. Cork Taint is caused by airborne funghi that come in contact with chlorophenol compounds.  And finally Black Mold, a relatively harmless but ugly funghi that inhabits dank cellars throughout Europe. Profile on a ‘Noble Rot’ Wine We contacted Tim Martiniuk (his grapes are pictured above) from Stoneboat Vineyards in British Columbia about his wine Verglas. It’s a wine that could be considered both an ice wine and a ‘Noble Rot’ dessert wine. So naturally we had to know more. Discover how a ‘Noble Rot’ wine comes to be. Where does Noble Rot happen in your vineyards? Noble rot tends to happen in the portions of the vineyard that are closer to the river. On cool fall mornings, mist from the Okanagan river drifts from the vineyard and condenses on the berries, which can encourage botrytis. It can occur anywhere in the vineyard depending on how wet a year is, but we manage blocks of other varietals differently to prevent the [mold] from developing. Tell me about your dessert wine Verglas The Verglas, our dessert wine, is both botrytis affected and an ice wine. Botrytis tends to bring about greater concentrations of dried fruit, caramel and honeyed characters, whereas non-botrytis affected ice wines can be more fresh fruit driven. We’ve found that in years when we have less botrytis in the dessert wine crop the resulting wine tends to be more fruity and tropical. Combining the ice wine technique with botrytis allows us to obtain the best traits of both wine types. You mean your wine is made from frozen ‘Noble Rot’ grapes?! Yes- we pick frozen botrytis-affected grapes for our dessert wine.   Our dessert wine was an accident of sorts. In 2006, the botrytis in our Oraniensteiner block was so intense that we couldn’t use the grapes for our table wines. We were going to abandon the crop, but it froze early that year and we decided to see if we could salvage it. We were blown away by the end result and since then have made Verglas every year. Sources


Which animal was unknown in the west until 1869 when furs were obtained by a missionary?

Biography of Giant Panda   Map 2. Source: The First Pandas      In November 1928, Kermit and Theodore Roosevelt, with the political support from their father, President Theodore Roosevelt, traveled to China for giant panda hunting. They successfully killed a giant panda on 23 April 1929. In the 1930s, the Western expeditionsï¿½ goal was to capture a live giant panda and ship it to a zoo instead of to shoot one. In September 1934, Harvard graduate William H Harkness Jr. began his trip to China for a live giant panda, forbidding his newly-wed Ruth Harkness, to come with him. But he died in 1936 before he could see any giant panda alive. It was Ruth who gained fame by bringing a live giant panda to the United States. Ruth went to China in less than a year after her husbandï¿½s death. With luck she easily brought a baby giant panda, Su Lin, back to the United States, and her book The lady and the Panda published in 1938 became a best seller. (Catton 1990)      Fossil records of the giant panda are found throughout China. The oldest ones dated back about three million years ago with no specific ancestors. It is believed that there were two giant panda species living during the Pleistocene with one species about half the size of the current ones date from the early Pleistocene and the other species indistinguishable from the current ones date from the Mid-Pleistocene. Fossil records indicate that both species ranged over China but the Yellow River and Yangtze River lowlands (the eastern plains of China). See map 3. The lack of fossils in these regions maybe due to the poor fossilization in the alluvial plains rather than the absence of the animals. These fossils were found at forty-eight sites in fourteen provinces in China. Some were found in Vietnam and in one site in Burma. Almost all the fossils date from the Pleistocene era. These records also show that these species used to have a much wider distribution than the one of  today. It maybe due to the warmer and wetter climate during the Late Pleistocene period that was more favorable to the animals and the bamboo. Also, population expansion is thought to be one of the reasons that accounts for the decrease in the giant pandasï¿½ distribution. (Laidler 1992) Map 3. Source: The Last Panda      It has been debated that whether the giant pandas belong to the bear family, the raccoon family, or another family including only the giant pandas and the lesser pandas (the red pandas). Yet that to which family the giant pandas belong remains a mystery. Although todayï¿½s giant pandas feed almost completely on bamboo, they are in fact carnivores. Carnivoresï¿½ ancestors are miacids that is small weasel-like, forest-dwelling animals. About thirty-five million years ago, some of the miacids developed into the earliest dogs, the canids. The canids further branched off to evolved into different animals. About twenty-five million years ago, some of the canids ï¿½diverged away from chasing and killing prey toï¿½ procyonids, the early ancestors of the raccoons that originated in North American and spread to South America. Another branch of procyonids that were the ancestors of the lesser pandas spread to the Himalayan region. Several million years after these procyonids evolved into these animals, some other canids began to evolve into much larger animals that they became the bears. They originated in the Northern Hemisphere and spread southward to southern Asia and South America except Africa. (Collins 1973)  See figure 1. Figure 1. Source: Ling Ling & Hsing Hsing: Year of the Panda      Whether the giant pandas and the lesser pandas are related to each other or not is another unsolved issue. Some biologist consider the two pandas are not related claiming their similarities come from convergent evolution. They place the lesser panda into the raccoon family, the Procyonidae, and the giant panda into the bear family, the Ursidae. Other biologists consider the two pandas are relatives having the same evolutionary root. Some of them place both pandas into a separate family while the rest put the


Which organ in the body is affected by hepatitis?

What Body Organ Is Affected By Hepatitis - Doctor answers on HealthTap Dr. Ralph Layman Dr. Layman 1 doctor agreed: Yes: If you are HBV positive you can donate organs. They are then reserved to be transplanted into indivduals who are also hbv(+). Livers from patients with HBV are routinely biopsied prior to being accepted for transplant . For living donation the answer is a bit more difficult. Most likely no for a partial liver donation and possibly pending a converstion with surgeons and both patients for kidneys. ...Read more


Mouflon - definition of mouflon by The Free Dictionary Mouflon - definition of mouflon by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/mouflon also mouf·flon  (mo͞of′lŏn′) n. pl. mouflon or mou·flons also moufflon or mouf·flons A small wild sheep (Ovis orientalis syn. O. gmelini) native to southwestern Asia and islands of the Mediterranean, having a brown coat and, in the male, a white patch on the back and curved horns. [French, alteration of Italian dialectal muvrone, from Late Latin mufrō, mufrōn-.] mouflon (Animals) a wild short-fleeced mountain sheep, Ovis musimon, of Corsica and Sardinia [C18: via French from Corsican mufrone, from Late Latin mufrō] mouf•lon (ˈmuf lɒn) n. a wild sheep, Ovis musimon, inhabiting the mountainous regions of Sardinia and Corsica, the male of which has large curving horns. [1765–75; < French < Italian muflone, orig. dial.; compare Corsican muffolo, Sardinian murone, Late Latin mufrō, s. mufrōn-] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: mountain sheep - any wild sheep inhabiting mountainous regions Translations mouflon [ˈmuːflɒn] n (sheep) → muflone m Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: References in periodicals archive ? org> Painted Desert, Texas Dali, Black Hawaiian, Corsican, Desert Sand, New Mexico Dahl, Multi-horned Hair and Mouflon. Vacation fresh At Oster Malma Castle and Wildlife Park you can see not only moose but also red deer, fallow deer, roe deer, wild boar and mouflon. Retour aujourd'hui en Tunisie As I sit here and compose this article I can look around my room and see aoudad, ibex, Merino, Corsican, Black Hawaiian, white Texas dall and mouflon sheep; sika deer plus chocolate, spotted and white fallow deer; black, brown and white Catalina goats; my favorite exotic--the black buck antelope originally from India, and many domestic favorites from Texas, namely whitetail deer.


What is the largest of the three paired muscles in the buttocks?

What is the largest muscle in the human body? | eNotes What is the largest muscle in the human body? dano7744 | College Teacher | (Level 2) Educator Posted on May 22, 2010 at 10:56 AM The gluteal muscles are largest. The gluteus minimus and maximus comprise this group. They are your buttocks. A very close second is the bilateral latissimus dorsi muscles which are your "lats". They run more than half way up your back and wrap around laterally (the sides). They connect distally in the hip or coxal area. The gluteals are indeed much thicker and have more mass. Another large muscle group is the adductor group on the anterior thigh and also the quadriceps group which is also on your anterior thigh(front thigh). As you can imagine, the muscles of the legs are very strong inpart because they help to support your weight. The masseter muscles of the bilateral jaws are also very strong, and the strongest of all. like 5 dislike 0 discussion | College Teacher | (Level 1) Assistant Educator Posted on May 18, 2010 at 1:18 AM According to most online sources, the gluteus maximus or buttock muscle is the biggest of the 639 named muscles in the human body. The longest muscle in the human body is the sartorius. This narrow muscle of the thigh passes obliquely across the front of the thigh and helps rotate the leg to the position assumed in sitting cross-legged. The strongest muscle depends on how you measure strength. A good case could be made for the heart! Information from ehow.com: In terms of absolute force, the strongest muscle in the body is the masseter, the prime mover of the jaw for chewing. It can create force of 55 lbs. on the incisors or 200 lbs. on the molars. The hardest-working muscle in the body is the heart. It pumps 2 oz. blood at every heartbeat, at least 2,500 gallons daily. The muscle that can pull with the greatest force is the soleus, underneath the calf muscle. It is this muscle that keeps us from falling backward while standing up, and it is essential to running, walking and dancing. The largest muscle in the body is also one of the strongest--the gluteus maximus. This large muscle in the buttocks keeps us standing upright and fights against gravity when we walk up stairs. The most flexible muscle is the tongue, which can take many shapes and also is always moving, even in sleep. The most active of muscles is the eye muscles. Muscles of the eye are constantly moving. In an hour's worth of reading, they can move 10,000 times. Unlike the heart, however, eye muscles can get fatigued easily. like 8 dislike 1 August 2, 2012 at 7:03 AM The gluteus muscle is the largest muscle in the human body. It consists of gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus. it is called asbuttockmuscles. Hip region is the most important region in the human structure because human stands on both legs and when he stands this buttock region gives support to the human structure. Also, above the hip region there are so many internal organs (including respiratory, digestive system) which are very important for the human life,to protect these organs and to support them the muscle in the buttock should be very thick and large


What colour does litmus paper turn in acid solutions

BBC - KS3 Bitesize Science - Acids, bases and metals : Revision, Page 4 Acids, bases and metals Next Indicators and the pH scale When an acid is dissolved in water we get an acidic solution, and alkalis make alkaline solutions. If a solution is neither acidic nor alkaline we call it neutral. Pure water is neutral, and so is paraffin. Indicators are substances that change colour when they are added to acidic or alkaline solutions. You can prepare homemade indicators from red cabbage or beetroot juice - these will help you see if a solution is acidic or alkaline. Litmus and universal indicator are two indicators that are commonly used in the laboratory. Litmus Litmus indicator solution turns red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline solutions - and it turns purple in neutral solutions. Litmus paper is usually more reliable, and comes as red litmus paper and blue litmus paper. The table shows the colour changes it can make.   Turns blue Stays blue Notice how we say 'stays red'. This is better than saying 'nothing' or 'stayed the same', because it tells us the colour we actually see. Acids turn blue litmus paper red Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue Universal indicator and the pH scale Universal indicator is a mixture of several different indicators. Unlike litmus, universal indicator can show us exactly how strongly acidic or alkaline a solution is. This is measured using the pH scale. The pH scale runs from pH 0 to pH 14. Universal indicator has many different colour changes, from red for strong acids to dark purple for strong bases. In the middle, neutral pH 7 is indicated by green. Universal indicator shows how acidic or alkaline a solution is These are the important points about the pH scale: neutral solutions are pH 7 exactly acidic solutions have pH values less than 7 alkaline solutions have pH values more than 7 the closer to pH 0 you go, the more strongly acidic a solution is the closer to pH 14 you go, the more strongly alkaline a solution is Page


Which planet orbits the sun at a n average distance of approximately 150 million kilometers?

Pacing Our Solar System for children ages 9–13 A large outdoor area Activity Part 2 can be done as an indoor or an outdoor activity. To decide if this works as an outdoor activity, determine how many planets your space accommodates before you start. You do not have to use all the planets, but Mercury to Jupiter should be included to illustrate the scale of our solar system. You may be able to modify the outdoor version to fit inside by halving the outdoor scale (of planets and distances) or by using only the inner planets. The activity works best if Mercury to Jupiter are included to illustrate the scale of our solar system. The Exploratorium Web site provides a conversion tool that will let you determine the distances between, and sizes of, planets for any given scale in both English and metric units. For example, if you want to use a model in which the Sun is one inch in diameter, the distances to planets and planet sizes relative to a one-inch Sun are calculated (Pluto would be 0.001 inches in diameter and 354 feet away). If you are working with children ages 5–8, consider having steps 8 and 9 completed before the children begin the activity so that the planets on the dowels are in place. Use the Hopping Across the Solar System sheet. If you are working with children ages 9–13, use Pacing Our Solar System sheet. Table 2. Scaled Distances from Our Sun Planet (pencil dot on 3 × 5 card) 5,909,600,000 591.0 m 7. Ask the children how much space would be needed to position the planets properly at the scale used in Part 1 . How far would Earth be from the Sun? Pluto? Estimating is a way to engage the children. Reassure them that this estimate is just guessing and that you are not expecting anyone to know the answer. You may need to remind the children that scale involves showing relationships of size and distance accurately. At the scale used in Part 1 , Earth would be about a mile from the Sun and Pluto would be about 36 miles away. Ask the children what they might find about a mile or 36 miles from where they are now. 8. Explain that the planets in Part 1 are 100 million times smaller than the actual planets — it would take 100 million of the Part 1 "Earths" placed side-by-side, for example, to equal the actual diameter of Earth. To properly space the planets so they fit in a reasonable-sized space, such as a yard or football field, you must further reduce their size by a factor of 100, which is 10 billion times smaller than the actual planets! Show them the cards or plates with dowels with the dots and peppercorns attached, as well as the other objects at this scale. Have children identify the planet each object represents and label the card with the planet's name. 9. Go outside and position the "Sun." Provide the Pacing Our Solar System handout to each child. Assign a planet marker to a child (or children, depending on group size) and have the group pace the distance to Mercury, with one long stride being roughly equal to a meter (and a meter is about a yard, or three feet). Have the Mercury child/children remain at the marker. Continue in this fashion until all the markers are placed. In marking the distances, make sure you remember to start counting with the number at which you left off (i.e., count to five yards, then start at five until you reach nine yards, etc.). If you are limited by distance, have children place as many planets as possible. Discuss how far they would have walk to be able to place the remaining markers. 10. Regroup. Have the children start at the Sun and walk through the markers. Have them count the number of "average" steps or hops between each planet. Note the size of each marker representing a planet. Invite them to share what they know about the planet and have them refer to their handout. How far from the Sun is the planet? If we were traveling to the planet, how long would it take to get there? From each planet, look back at the "Sun" and imagine how it would appear. Point out that as one travels to the outer solar system, the great distance from the Sun means that it is quite cold. Temperat


Which is Britain's smallest bird of prey?

The RSPB: Ask an expert: What is the smallest bird of prey? What is the smallest bird of prey? What is the smallest bird of prey? 12 May 2011 Ian Hayward Wildlife Adviser I've been working at the RSPB as a wildlife adviser since October 2005. I have been a keen naturalist all of my life with a particular interest in birds, insects and animal behaviour. I have a background in Environmental Biology and Environmental Impact Assessment and regularly contribute to bird surveys. Other interests I have include wildlife gardening and birding as well as keeping track with important issues such as climate change and renewable energy. Sent in by Patricia Johnston, Belfast With more than 280 species worldwide, birds of prey are some of the most awe-inspiring of our feathered friends. The variety in shapes and sizes is huge, with birds like the harpy eagle, Andean condor and Philippine eagle dominating the heavyweight end of the scale. However, the lighter end of the scale is equally as impressive, with some tiny birds of prey found across the world. In the UK, our smallest bird of prey is the merlin. A member of the falcon family, the merlin measures as little as 26 cm in length, which is roughly the same size as a mistle thrush. The merlin preys upon small birds like meadow pipits in dashing aerial pursuits and is one of the must-see species if you are walking in upland moor habitats at this time of year. However, the merlin is a giant when compared to some of the world's smallest raptors. The south-east Asian black-thighed falconet is one of the smallest. It's one of five similar species of the tiny falconet genus and is only 15-17 cm in length, about the same size as a bullfinch! This bird mainly targets invertebrate prey, making hunting forays from a prominent perch much in the same way as a flycatcher behaves. However, other small birds need to be alert as even these tiny predators will take birds if the opportunity arises. Another tiny bird of prey is the African pygmy-falcon. Found across much of Africa, this species is usually just under 20 cm in length, a touch smaller than a starling. Often nesting in weaverbird colonies, the pygmy falcon catches a range of prey that includes insects and reptiles. Contact us If you do have have a wildlife-related question you have not been able to find the answer to, please contact us. Click on the link below to go to our Contact Us page.