Whose film roles include Terry Malloy, Stanley Kowalski and Vito Corleone?

THE GODFATHER Marlon Brando Tribute DON VITO CORLEONE - YouTube THE GODFATHER Marlon Brando Tribute DON VITO CORLEONE Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 1, 2009 Marlon Brando, Jr. (April 3, 1924 July 1, 2004) was an American actor whose body of work spanned over half a century. He was named the fourth Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute, and part of Time magazine's Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century. As a young sex symbol, he is best known for his roles as Stanley Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire and his Academy Award-winning performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront, both directed by Elia Kazan in the early 1950s. In middle age, his well-known roles include his Academy Award-winning performance as Vito Corleone in The Godfather, Colonel Walter Kurtz in Apocalypse Now, both directed by Francis Ford Coppola and an Academy Award-nominated performance as Paul in Last Tango in Paris. Brando's performance as Vito Corleone in 1972's The Godfather was a mid-career turning point. Director Francis Ford Coppola convinced Brando to submit to a "make-up" test, in which Brando did his own makeup (he used cotton balls to simulate the puffed-cheek look). Coppola was electrified by Brando's characterization as the head of a crime family, but had to fight the studio in order to cast the temperamental Brando, whose reputation for difficult behavior and demands was the stuff of backlot legend. Mario Puzo always imagined Brando as Corleone. However, Paramount studio heads wanted to give the role to Danny Thomas in the hope that Thomas would have his own production company throw in its lot with Paramount. Thomas declined the role and actually urged the studio to cast Brando at the behest of Coppola and others who had witnessed the screen test. Eventually, Charles Bluhdorn, the president of Paramount parent Gulf + Western, was won over to letting Brando have the role; when he saw the screen test, he asked in amazement, "What are we watching? Who is this old guinea?" Brando won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, but turned down the Oscar, becoming the second actor to refuse a Best Actor award (the first being George C. Scott for Patton). Brando boycotted the award ceremony, sending instead American Indian Rights activist Sacheen Littlefeather, who appeared in full Apache dress, to state Brando's reasons, which were based on his objection to the depiction of American Indians by Hollywood and television. The actor followed with one of his greatest performances in Bernardo Bertolucci's 1973 film, Last Tango in Paris, but the performance was overshadowed by an uproar over the erotic nature of the film. Despite the controversy which attended both the film and the man, the Academy once again nominated Brando for the Best Actor. Brando's career afterward was uneven. He was paid one million dollars a week to play the iconic Colonel Kurtz in 1979's Apocalypse Now. He was supposed to show up slim, fit, and to have read the novel Heart of Darkness, but instead arrived weighing around 220 pounds (100 kg) and had not read the book. As a result, his character was shot mostly in the shadows and most of his dialogue was improvised. After his week was over, director Francis Ford Coppola asked him to stay an extra hour so that he could shoot a close up of Brando saying, "The horror, the horror." Brando agreed for an extra $75,000. After this film his weight began to limit the roles he could play. REST IN PEACE,,,,THE TRUE GODFATHER,,,,,, Category


Who was named 'Person of the Year 2010' by Time Magazine, the youngest winner since the first award in 1927?

Time names Mark Zuckerberg 2010 Person of the Year | Reuters Wed Dec 15, 2010 | 3:07 PM EST Time names Mark Zuckerberg 2010 Person of the Year 1/3 Time Magazine December 27, 2010/January 3, 2011 cover featuring Mark Zuckerberg as the Person of the Year in this image released to Reuters on December 15, 2010. Mark Zuckerberg, founder and chief executive of The Facebook social networking site that has more than half a billion users, was named Time magazine's 2010 Person of the Year on Wednesday. Reuters/TIME Magazine/Handout + 2/3 Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg reacts after unveiling a new messaging system during a news conference in San Francisco, California November 15, 2010. Reuters/Robert Galbraith + 3/3 Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg puts a coat on before walking to a rehearsal at the California Museum for the Annual California Hall of Fame induction ceremony in Sacramento California, December 14, 2010. Reuters/Hector Amezcua/Pool + By Daniel Trotta | NEW YORK NEW YORK Mark Zuckerberg, founder and chief executive of The Facebook social networking site that has more than half a billion users, was named Time magazine's 2010 Person of the Year on Wednesday. Time defines the Person of the Year as the person who, for better or for worse, does the most to influence the events of the year. "This year they passed 500 million users. ... The scale of Facebook is something that is transforming our lives. One in 10 people on the planet, and it's excluded in China where one in five people on the planet live," Time editor Richard Stengel said upon announcing the winner on NBC Television's "Today" show. "It's not just a new technology. It's social engineering. It's changing the way we relate to each other. I actually think it's affecting human nature in a way that we have never even seen before." Zuckerberg was a 19-year-old sophomore at Harvard University in 2004 when he started a Web service called Thefacebook.com from his dorm. Now he is one of the world's youngest billionaires and his privately held company is projected to have 2010 revenues of $2 billion, Time said. Zuckerberg pledged a $100 million donation to the Newark, New Jersey, school system this year, and he was the subject of the Hollywood movie "The Social Network". At 26 years old, Zuckerberg is the youngest winner since Charles Lindbergh was named the magazine's first person of the year in 1927 when he became the first pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Since then the Time honor has become a cultural reference in the United States. The award has had its controversy, such as when Adolf Hitler was named 1938. U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke was the 2009 winner. A Time poll showed readers favored naming WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange this year but Stengel said the magazine's editors and correspondents chose Zuckerberg after consulting among themselves, past winners and other world luminaries. The conservative Tea Party political movement was Time's second choice for 2010 followed by Assange, Afghan President Hamid Karzai and the 33 trapped Chilean miners. (Reporting by Daniel Trotta; editing by Mohammad Zargham) ADVERTISEMENT


At 325m Beacon Batch is the highest point in which range of English hills?

Beacon Batch Walk Mendip Hills - YouTube Beacon Batch Walk Mendip Hills Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jun 26, 2015 Assent of Beacon Batch the highest point in the Mendip Hills at 325m asl Category


As one of his twelve Labours, Heracles was sent to steal which animals from Diomedes?

The Labors of Hercules Home The Labors of Hercules The most famous feats of Hercules, are collectively known as "The Labors of Hercules". Here is a little background on the story: At a time of his life, Hercules became insane and as a result he killed his children. When his sanity returned,he received instructions from Pythia ,the priestess of the oracle in Delphi,to go to Tiryns and perform any ten labors devised from him by king Eurystheus . As we will later see, the ten labors were increased to twelve, since Eurystheus at some time challenged the fact whether Hercules had truly completed two of the labors assigned to him. By successfully completing these labors, Hercules would not only pay for his crime, but also achieve immortality and take his rightful place among the gods. Reluctantly, Hercules agreed to submit to the will of the hated Eurystheus, to whom Hera had given the throne that Zeus had intended for Hercules. Labors of Hercules Nr. 1: The Nemean Lion greek vase In the first of the labors of Hercules, Eurystheus commanded the hero to bring him the hide of the Nemean Lion. The lion that had been terrorizing the valley of Nemea, was one of the monstrous children of Echidna and either Orthus or Typhoeus, or had fallen to earth from Selene (Moon). At first, Hercules tried to shoot it with his arrows, but seeing that the lion's pelt could not be pierced, he attacked it with his clubs. The lion ran away and hid in a cave with two entrances. Hercules blocked the one entrance, then wrestled with the lion and strangled it.He then skinned it and wrapped himself in its skin, after first offering a sacrifice to Zeus the Savior.He then returned to Mycanae with the lion thrown over his shoulder. Seeing Hercules dressed in the lion's pelt, Eurystheus was so frightened that he ordered him to leave all his future trophies outside the city's gates. He then had a large, bronze jar forged and buried in the earth. Thereafter, whenever Hercules approached, the cowardly Eurystheus hid in this jar and had a messenger relay his next orders to the hero. Labors of Hercules Nr. 2: The Lerna Hydra Hercules's second task was to kill the Lerna Hydra (water snake), daughter of Typhoeus and Echidna, and sister of Orthus and Cerberus. The Hydra, who lived in the marshes of Lerna, devoured people and animals. She was a horrifying monster with huge dog-like body and many serpentine heads (some say as few as seven, others claim 10,000), one of which was immortal. She had foul, poisonous breath that killed anyone who inhaled it. Hercules's aide on this labor was his nephew and charioteer Iolaus, the son of his brother Iphicles and Automedusa. They arrived together at the Amynone Spring, which was the monster's hideaway. Hercules forced the beast out by shooting flaming arrows into the lair. Much to his surprise, Hercules saw that for every head he shot off, two more sprung in its place. A giant crab also helped the Hydra by biting on Hercules's leg. Hercules killed the crab. He then sought Iolaus's help, instructing him to sear each new wound with burning branches. This checked the flow of blood and prevented the growing of new heads. After he killed the Hydra, Hercules dipped his arrows in its poisonous blood. Thereafter, anyone wounded with these arrows would die. He then buried the monster's head in the road between Lerna and Elaeus and placed a rock over it. Although Hercules completed this labor, Eurystheus refused to give him credit for it, because he claimed Hercules had received assistance (from Iolaus) to accomplish the feat. Labors of Hercules Nr. 3: The Cerynitian Hind The third of the labors of Hercules was to capture alive the Cerynitian hind, which the nymph Taygette had dedicated to the goddess Artemis and which lived in the Sanctuary of Artemis on mount Cerynea. A wonderful deer with golden antlers and brass hoofs, this hind roamed the hills of Cerynea between Arcadia and Achaea, in central Peloponnesus. Because the hind was sacred, Hercules hoped to capture it unharmed. After pursuing it for almost a year, the hero finally mana


"Whose last words were ""Tomorrow I shall no longer be here""?"

Nostradamus - Wikiquote Nostradamus Jump to: navigation , search When the exhausted Sun takes up his cycle then my prophecy and threats will be accomplished. Michel de Notredame or Michel de Nostredame ( 14 December 1503 – 1 July 1566 ) French physician, astrologer, occultist and author of almanacs, most famous for his book Les Propheties; known primarily as Nostradamus, the latinization of his given name. Contents Quotes[ edit ] I had determined to go as far as declaring in abstruse and puzzling utterances the future causes of the "common advent", even those truly cogent ones that I have foreseen. Yet lest whatever human changes may be to come should scandalise delicate ears, the whole thing is written in nebulous form, rather than as a clear prophecy of any kind. Letter from Salon to his son Cesar (March 1555) as translated by Peter Lemesurier Tomorrow, I shall no longer be here. Last words, as quoted in Famous Last Words: The Ultimate Collection of Finales and Farewells (2004) by Laura Ward and Robert Allen; reported to have been said to his secretary Jean de Chavigny Les Propheties (1555)[ edit ] The Prophecies, often referred to as the Centuries there are numerous translations and interpretations of these verses. Preface[ edit ] If I have eschewed the word prophet , I do not wish to attribute to myself such lofty title at the present time , for whoever is called a prophet now was once called a seer; since a prophet, my son, is properly speaking one who sees distant things through a natural knowledge of all creatures. And it can happen that the prophet bringing about the perfect light of prophecy may make manifest things both human and divine, because this cannot be done otherwise, given that the effects of predicting the future extend far off into time. Perfect knowledge of such things cannot be acquired without divine inspiration, given that all prophetic inspiration derives its initial origin from God Almighty, then from chance and nature. Since all these portents are produced impartially, prophecy comes to pass partly as predicted. For understanding created by the intellect cannot be acquired by means of the occult, only by the aid of the zodiac, bringing forth that small flame by whose light part of the future may be discerned.We need god to prosper those without him will not.


Used in cookery in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, what is `Jaggery'?

What is Jaggery and What Benefits Does it Have? What is Jaggery and What Benefits Does it Have? Jaggery is a sweetener that’s becoming popular as a “healthy” replacement for sugar. What’s more, this sweetener has been given a serious health halo. It’s often referred to as a “superfood sweetener.” What Is Jaggery? Jaggery is an unrefined sugar product made in Asia and Africa. It’s sometimes referred to as a “non-centrifugal sugar,” because it’s not spun during processing to remove the nutritious molasses . Similar non-centrifugal sugar products exist all over Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, although they all have different names ( 1 ). These products include: Gula Melaka: Malaysia. Kokuto: Japan. About 70% of the world’s jaggery production takes place in India, where it is commonly called “gur.” It’s most often made with sugar cane. However, jaggery made from date palm is also common in several countries ( 2 ). Advertisement Bottom Line: Jaggery is a type of unrefined sugar made from sugar cane or palm. Much of the world’s production takes place in India. How is It Made? Jaggery is made using traditional methods of pressing and distilling palm or cane juice. This is a 3-step process ( 3 ): Extraction: The canes or palms are pressed to extract the sweet juice or sap. Clarification: The juice is allowed to stand in large containers so that any sediment settles to the bottom. It is then strained to produce a clear liquid. Concentration: The juice is placed in a very large, flat-bottomed pan and boiled. During this process, the jaggery is stirred and the impurities are skimmed off the top until only a yellow, dough-like paste remains. This “dough” is then transferred to molds or containers where it cools into jaggery, which looks something like this: The color can range from light golden to dark brown. This is important, since the color and texture are used to grade the jaggery. Interestingly, Indians value lighter shades more than darker ones. This lighter, “good quality” jaggery generally contains more than 70% sucrose. It also contains less than 10% isolated glucose and fructose , with 5% as minerals ( 4 ). It is most often sold as a solid block of sugar, but it’s also produced in liquid and granulated forms. Bottom Line: Jaggery is made by evaporating the water from sugar cane juice or palm sap. It is sold as a block, liquid or granules. Is It More Nutritious Than Sugar? Jaggery contains more nutrients than refined sugar because of its molasses content. Molasses is a nutritious by-product of the sugar making process, which is usually removed when making refined sugar. Including the molasses adds a small amount of micronutrients to the final product. The exact nutrition profile of this sweetener can vary, depending on the type of plant used to make it (cane or palm). According to one source, 100 grams (half a cup) of jaggery may contain ( 4 ): Calories: 383. Iron: 11 mg, or 61% of the RDI. Magnesium: 70-90 mg, or about 20% of the RDI. Potassium: 1050 mg, or 30% of the RDI. Manganese: 0.2–0.5 mg, or 10–20% of the RDI. However, keep in mind that this is a 100-gram (3.5-oz) serving, which is much higher than you would generally eat at once. You’d probably consume closer to a tablespoon (20 grams) or teaspoon (7 grams). Jaggery may also contain small amounts of B vitamins and minerals, including calcium, zinc, phosphorus and copper ( 4 ). One commercially available product, SugaVida, is a granulated palm jaggery that is claimed to be a good source of naturally occurring B vitamins. Advertisement However, It’s Still Mostly Sugar Compared to refined sugar, jaggery appears nutritious. Refined white sugar contains only “empty calories” — that is, calories without any vitamins or minerals ( 5 ). Gram by gram, jaggery is more nutritious than sugar. However, there is a big “but” when it comes to describing it as nutritious. It’s essentially still sugar, and any extra nutrients you get come with a lot of calories. You would also need to eat a lot of jaggery to get a meaningful amount of these nutrients, which you can get in muc


John Galliano was dismissed from his post as chief designer at which fashion house?

John Galliano Fired By Dior | The Huffington Post John Galliano Fired By Dior 03/01/2011 10:28 am ET | Updated May 25, 2011 1.2k Hilary Moss Style news editor, The Huffington Post Update (3/2): Suzy Menkes writes that Galliano has left France to enter a rehabilitation facility to treat his alcohol problems -- "It is likely that his destination is The Meadows, a facility in Wickenberg, Arizona, where Elton John and Donatella Versace were treated in recent years." Le Parisien reports that Galliano will be tried in criminal court for "public insults made against individuals based on their origin or their religious affiliation...made against three victims." He could be in court during the second half of the year and faces 6 months in prison and a fine of 22,500 euros ($31,200). Update (3/1): Suzy Menkes writes , "Friends of Mr. Galliano, who would speak only on condition of anonymity, say that they have finally persuaded the troubled designer to go immediately into rehab -- and that the pace of fashion today, and particularly the rigorous structure of a corporate fashion house, broke the fragile, artistic creator." Previously: Designer John Galliano has been officially fired by Christian Dior, Women's Wear Daily reports . The fashion house suspended Galliano last Friday, following his arrest at a Parisian cafe for allegedly making anti-Semitic remarks and assault. Another, separate complaint was filed on Saturday and on Monday morning, video surfaced of the designer saying, "I love Hitler." Dior's president and CEO told the fashion newspaper , "I condemn most firmly the statements made by John Galliano which are a total contradiction with the essential values that have always been defended by the House of Christian Dior." Le Parisien got a hold of Dior's official statement , which reads in part: "Today, based on the odious behavior and the comments made by John Galliano in a video made public on Monday, the Christian Dior house has decided to lay him off and commence the formal termination procedure." The designer worked for Dior since 1996. The brand's runway show is expected to be held in Paris on Friday. According to the Telegraph , "Bookmakers Paddy Power have already opened a book on who will succeed Galliano as Dior's creative director, with current Yves Saint Laurent designer Stefano Pilati the 11/8 favourite, followed by ex Yves Saint Laurent and Dior Homme designer, Hedi Slimane, at 9/4." But the Guardian names Givenchy Creative Director Riccardo Tisci as the front-runner among fashion circles. The Moment writes that Galliano's own show is still on the Fashion Week schedule for Sunday -- "A rep for the John Galliano label did, however, send out an e-mail on Tuesday morning, inquiring as to who would be attending the show." More:


What year did the Good Friday Agreement come into effect?

BBC NEWS | UK | Northern Ireland | The Good Friday Agreement in full Printable version The Good Friday Agreement in full The political deal which aimed to form the lasting settlement following the 1994 paramilitary ceasefires in Northern Ireland, known as the Good Friday Agreement, was signed on 10 April 1998. The proposals included plans for a Northern Ireland assembly with a power-sharing executive, new cross-border institutions involving the Irish Republic and a body linking devolved assemblies across the UK with Westminster and Dublin. The Irish Republic also dropped its constitutional claim to the six counties which form Northern Ireland. QUICK GUIDE Northern Ireland conflict There were also controversial proposals on the decommissioning of paramilitary weapons, the future of policing in Northern Ireland, and the early release of paramilitary prisoners. A copy of the Agreement was posted to every household in Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic and put to referendums the following May, which gave them substantial support by 74% and 94% respectively. The lower amount of support in Northern Ireland was attributed to a significant number of sceptical unionist voters. Below is a brief outline of the Agreement (divided into three due to the size of the associated PDFs) with links to the actual text. Download the reader here The body of the document opened with the words: "We, the participants in the multi-party negotiations, believe that the agreement we have negotiated offers a truly historic opportunity for a new beginning." It referred to "tragedies of the past" that had left "a deep and profoundly regrettable legacy of suffering". The best way to honour those who died or been injured, and their families, was "a fresh start". The opening statement went on to say that the participants reaffirmed their "total and absolute commitment to exclusively democratic and peaceful means of resolving differences on political issues", and their opposition to any use or threat of force. They acknowledged the "substantial differences" between them but declared they would work to ensure the success of the Agreement. Under the section titled "Constitutional Issues", the Agreement stated that the participants acknowledged that "it would be wrong to make any change in the status of Northern Ireland save with the consent of a majority of its people". It went on to cover the changes to be made to British law and the Irish constitution, from which a territorial claim over Northern Ireland was removed. Strand One; Strand Two; Strand Three (111KB) The section called Strand One dealt with the establishment and operation of a democratically elected power-sharing assembly in Northern Ireland. It included safeguards for cross-community participation, such as the allocation of Committee Chairs, Ministers and Committee membership in proportion to party strengths. Under Strand Two a North/ South Ministerial Council was to bring together those with executive responsibilities in Northern Ireland and the Irish government "on matters of mutual interest". A British-Irish Council was set up under Strand Three "to promote the harmonious and mutually beneficial development of the totality of relationships among the peoples of these islands". In practice that means a body with representatives of the British and Irish governments and devolved institutions in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales and, if appropriate, elsewhere in the United Kingdom, together with representatives of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. FINAL SECTIONS READ IT IN FULL Rights, safeguards and equality of opportunity; Decommissioning; Security; Policing and justice; Prisoners; Validation; Implementation and review (134KB) In this section of the Agreement the participants affirmed their "commitment to the mutual respect, the civil rights and the religious liberties of everyone in the community". Measures included the establishment of a new Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission and the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into Northern Ireland law. Statem


What year did the burning of the Reichstag take place?

The History Place - Rise of Hitler: The Reichstag Burns The Reichstag Burns Adolf Hitler, the new Chancellor of Germany, had no intention of abiding by the rules of democracy. He intended only to use those rules to legally establish himself as dictator as quickly as possible then begin the Nazi revolution. Even before he was sworn in, he was at work to accomplish that goal by demanding new elections. While Hindenburg waited impatiently in another room, Hitler argued with conservative leader Hugenberg, who vehemently opposed the idea. Hitler's plan was to establish a majority of elected Nazis in the Reichstag which would become a rubber stamp, passing whatever laws he desired while making it all perfectly legal. On his first day as chancellor, Hitler manipulated Hindenburg into dissolving the Reichstag and calling for the new elections he had wanted – to be held on March 5th, 1933. That evening, Hitler attended a dinner with the German General Staff and told them Germany would re-arm as a first step toward regaining its former position in the world. He also gave them a strong hint of things to come by telling them there would be conquest of the lands to the east and ruthless Germanization of conquered territories. Hitler also reassured the generals there would be no attempt to replace the regular army with an army of SA storm troopers. For years this had been a big concern of the generals who wanted to preserve their own positions of power and keep the traditional military intact. Hitler's storm troopers were about to reach new heights of power of their own and begin a reign of terror that would last as long as the Third Reich. President Hindenburg had fallen under Hitler's spell and was signing just about anything put in front of him. He signed an emergency decree that put the German state of Prussia into the hands of Hitler confidant, Vice Chancellor Papen. Göring as Minister of the Interior for Prussia took control of the police. Prussia was Germany's biggest and most important state and included the capital of Berlin. Göring immediately replaced hundreds of police officials loyal to the republic with Nazi officials loyal to Hitler. He also ordered the police not to interfere with the SA and SS under any circumstances. This meant that anybody being harassed, beaten, or even murdered by Nazis, had nobody to turn to for help. Roll-call and weapons inspection for Nazi storm troopers now functioning as Hilfspolizei (Auxiliary Police). Below: Berliners gaze toward the Reichstag building following the overnight fire. Below: Police stand guard inside the charred building in a former VIP area used by the Reichstag leadership. Below: A regular policeman (left) and his dog on street patrol side-by-side with a Nazi auxiliary. Below: A storm trooper with accused Communists. Below: Political prisoners are lined up inside the new SA-run concentration camp at Oranienburg. Göring then ordered the police to show no mercy to those deemed hostile to the State, meaning those hostile to Hitler, especially Communists. "Police officers who use weapons in carrying out their duties will be covered by me. Whoever misguidedly fails in this duty can expect disciplinary action," stated the order of Hermann Göring to the Prussian Police. On February 22nd, Göring set up an auxiliary police force of 50,000 men, composed mostly of members of the SA and SS. The vulgar, brawling, murderous Nazi storm troopers now had the power of police. Two days later, they raided Communist headquarters in Berlin. Göring falsely claimed he had uncovered plans for a Communist uprising in the raid. But he actually uncovered the membership list of the Communist Party and intended to arrest every one of the four thousand members. Göring and Goebbels, with Hitler's approval, then hatched a plan to cause panic by burning the Reichstag building and blaming the Communists. The Reichstag was the building in Berlin where the elected members of the republic met to conduct the daily business of government. By a weird coincidence, there was also in Berlin a deranged Communi


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Give a year in the life of author/poet Edgar Alan Poe?

Edgar Allan Poe | Poetry Foundation Poetry Foundation Poet Details 1809–1849 Poe’s stature as a major figure in world literature is primarily based on his ingenious and profound short stories, poems, and critical theories, which established a highly influential rationale for the short form in both poetry and fiction. Regarded in literary histories and handbooks as the architect of the modern short story, Poe was also the principal forerunner of the “art for art’s sake” movement in nineteenth-century European literature. Whereas earlier critics predominantly concerned themselves with moral or ideological generalities, Poe focused his criticism on the specifics of style and construction that contributed to a work’s effectiveness or failure. In his own work, he demonstrated a brilliant command of language and technique as well as an inspired and original imagination. Poe’s poetry and short stories greatly influenced the French Symbolists of the late nineteenth century, who in turn altered the direction of modern literature. It is this philosophical and artistic transaction that accounts for much of Poe’s importance in literary history. Poe’s father and mother were professional actors who at the time of his birth were members of a repertory company in Boston. Before Poe was three years old both of his parents died, and he was raised in the home of John Allan, a prosperous exporter from Richmond, Virginia, who never legally adopted his foster son. As a boy, Poe attended the best schools available, and was admitted to the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1825. While there he distinguished himself academically but was forced to leave after less than a year because of bad debts and inadequate financial support from Allan. Poe’s relationship with Allan disintegrated upon his return to Richmond in 1827, and soon after Poe left for Boston, where he enlisted in the army and also published his first poetry collection, Tamerlane, and Other Poems. The volume went unnoticed by readers and reviewers, and a second collection, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems, received only slightly more attention when it appeared in 1829. That same year Poe was honorably discharged from the army, having attained the rank of regimental sergeant major, and was then admitted to the United States Military Academy at West Point. However, because Allan would neither provide his foster son with sufficient funds to maintain himself as a cadet nor give the consent necessary to resign from the Academy, Poe gained a dismissal by ignoring his duties and violating regulations. He subsequently went to New York City, where Poems, his third collection of verse, was published in 1831, and then to Baltimore, where he lived at the home of his aunt, Mrs. Maria Clemm. Over the next few years Poe’s first short stories appeared in the Philadelphia Saturday Courier and his “MS. Found in a Bottle” won a cash prize for best story in the Baltimore Saturday Visitor. Nevertheless, Poe was still not earning enough to live independently, nor did Allan’s death in 1834 provide him with a legacy. The following year, however, his financial problems were temporarily alleviated when he accepted an editorship at The Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, bringing with him his aunt and his twelve-year-old cousin Virginia, whom he married in 1836. The Southern Literary Messenger was the first of several journals Poe would direct over the next ten years and through which he rose to prominence as a leading man of letters in America. Poe made himself known not only as a superlative author of poetry and fiction, but also as a literary critic whose level of imagination and insight had hitherto been unapproached in American literature. While Poe’s writings gained attention in the late 1830s and early 1840s, the profits from his work remained meager, and he supported himself by editing Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine and Graham’s Magazine in Philadelphia and the Broadway Journal in New York City. After his wife’s death from tuberculosis in 1847, Poe became involved in a number of roma


Magnetic Units Magnetic Units Magnetic flux density, magnetic induction B weber (Wb), volt second (Vּs) Magnetic potential difference,magnetomotive force Magnetic field strength, magnetizing force H Magnetic polarization, intensity of magnetization J, I Aּm2, joule per tesla (J/T) Magnetic dipole moment henry per meter (H/m), Wb/(Aּm) (Mass) susceptibility (Volume) energy density, energy product k W 1/4π dimensionless a. Gaussian units and cgs emu are the same for magnetic properties. The defining relation is B = H + 4πM. b. Multiply a number in Gaussian units by C to convert it to SI (e.g., 1 G x 10-4 T/G = 10-4 T). c. SI (Système International d’Unitès) has been adopted by the National Bureau of Standards.Where to conversion factors are given, the upper one is recognized under, or consistent with, SI and is based on the definition B = μo(H + M), where μo = 4π x 10-7 H/m. The lower one is not recognized under SI and is based on the definition B = μoH + J, where the symbol I is often used in place of J. d. 1 gauss = 105 gamma (γ). e. Both oersted and gauss are expressed as cm-1/2ּg1/2ּs-1 in terms of base units. f. A/m was often expressed as “ampere-turn per meter” when used for magnetic field strength. g. Magnetic moment per unit volume. h. The designation “emu” is not a unit. i. Recognized under SI, even though based on the defition B = μoH + J. See footnote c. j. μr = μ/μo = 1 + χ, all in SI. μr is equal to Gaussian μ. k. BּH and μoMּH have SI units J/m3; MּH and BּH/4π have Gaussian units erg/cm3.     This information was taken with permission from R. B. Goldfarb and F. R. Fickett, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado 80303, March 1985, NBS Special Publication 696.


"Who composed the ""Threepenny Opera""?"

Threepenny Opera Basics: Synopsis Threepenny Opera: Synopsis The Threepenny Opera proclaims itself "an opera for beggars," and it was in fact an attempt both to satirize traditional opera and operetta and to create a new kind of musical theater based on the theories of two young German artists, composer Kurt Weill and poet-playwright Bert Brecht. The show opens with a mock-Baroque overture, a nod to Threepenny's source, The Beggar's Opera, a brilliantly successful parody of Handel's operas written by John Gay in 1728. In a brief prologue following the overture, a shabby figure comes onstage with a barrel organ and launches into a song chronicling the crimes of the notorious bandit and womanizer Macheath, "Mack the Knife." The setting is a fair in Soho (London), just before Queen Victoria's coronation. Act I Act I begins in the shop of Jonathan Jeremiah Peachum, who runs a rather unusual business-he is the boss of London's beggars. He equips and trains them in return for a cut of whatever they can beg. In the first scene, he enrolls a new beggar with the help of his wife. After finishing with the new man, they notice that their grown daughter Polly did not come home the previous night. The scene shifts to an empty stable where Macheath himself is about to marry Polly, as soon as his gang has stolen and brought all the necessary food and furnishings. No vows are exchanged, but Polly is satisfied, and everyone sits down to a banquet. Since none of the gang members can provide fitting entertainment, Polly gets up and tosses off "Pirate Jenny," showing a surprisingly tough side of herself. The gang gets nervous when Chief of Police Tiger Brown arrives, but it's all part of the act; Brown had served with Mack in England's colonial wars and has prevented Mack from being arrested all these years. The old friends duet in the "Cannon Song" ("Army Song"). In the next scene, Polly returns home and defiantly announces that she has married Mack by singing the "Barbara Song." She stands fast against Mr. and Mrs. Peachum's anger, but she does let slip Brown's connection to Mack, which they will use to their advantage. Act II Polly tells Mack that her father will have him arrested. He is finally persuaded that Peachum has enough influence to do it and makes arrangements to leave London, explaining his bandit "business" to Polly so she can manage it in his absence. Before he leaves town, he stops at his favorite brothel, where he sees his ex-lover, Jenny. They sing the "Pimp's Ballad" ("Tango Ballad") about their days together, but Mack doesn't know Mrs. Peachum has bribed Jenny to turn him in. Despite Brown's apologies, there's nothing he can do, and off Mack goes to jail. After he sings the "Ballad of the Easy Life," another girlfriend, Lucy (Brown's daughter) and Polly show up at the same time, setting the stage for a nasty argument that builds to the "Jealousy Duet." After Polly leaves, Lucy engineers Mack's escape. When Mr. Peachum finds out, he confronts Brown and informs him that he will unleash all of his beggars during Queen Victoria's coronation parade, ruining the ceremony and costing Brown his job. Act III Jenny comes to the Peachums' shop to demand her bribe money, which Mrs. Peachum refuses to pay. Jenny reveals that Mack is at Suky Tawdry's house. When Brown arrives, determined to arrest Peachum and the beggars, he is horrified to learn that the beggars are already in position and only Mr. Peachum can stop them. To placate Peachum, Brown's only option is to arrest Mack and have him executed. In the next scene, Mack is back in jail and desperately trying to raise enough of a bribe to get out again, even as the gallows are being assembled. Soon it becomes clear that neither Polly nor the gang members can raise any money, and Mack prepares to die. Then a sudden reversal: A messenger on horseback arrives to announce that Macheath has been pardoned by the Queen and granted a castle and pension. The cast then sings the Finale, which ends with a plea that wrongdoing not be punished too harshly.


What month in 1961 did the Bay of Pigs attack on Cuba take place?

The Bay of Pigs invasion begins - Apr 17, 1961 - HISTORY.com Within the CIA, the Bay of Pigs invasion of April 1961 was regarded as the "perfect failure." Cold War The Bay of Pigs invasion begins Share this: The Bay of Pigs invasion begins Author The Bay of Pigs invasion begins URL Publisher A+E Networks The Bay of Pigs invasion begins when a CIA-financed and -trained group of Cuban refugees lands in Cuba and attempts to topple the communist government of Fidel Castro. The attack was an utter failure. Fidel Castro had been a concern to U.S. policymakers since he seized power in Cuba with a revolution in January 1959. Castro’s attacks on U.S. companies and interests in Cuba, his inflammatory anti-American rhetoric, and Cuba’s movement toward a closer relationship with the Soviet Union led U.S. officials to conclude that the Cuban leader was a threat to U.S. interests in the Western Hemisphere. In March 1960, President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the CIA to train and arm a force of Cuban exiles for an armed attack on Cuba. John F. Kennedy inherited this program when he became president in 1961. Though many of his military advisors indicated that an amphibious assault on Cuba by a group of lightly armed exiles had little chance for success, Kennedy gave the go-ahead for the attack. On April 17, 1961, around 1,200 exiles, armed with American weapons and using American landing craft, waded ashore at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. The hope was that the exile force would serve as a rallying point for the Cuban citizenry, who would rise up and overthrow Castro’s government. The plan immediately fell apart–the landing force met with unexpectedly rapid counterattacks from Castro’s military, the tiny Cuban air force sank most of the exiles’ supply ships, the United States refrained from providing necessary air support, and the expected uprising never happened. Over 100 of the attackers were killed, and more than 1,100 were captured. The failure at the Bay of Pigs cost the United States dearly. Castro used the attack by the “Yankee imperialists” to solidify his power in Cuba and he requested additional Soviet military aid. Eventually that aid included missiles, and the construction of missile bases in Cuba sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, when the United States and the Soviet Union nearly came to blows over the issue. Further, throughout much of Latin America, the United States was pilloried for its use of armed force in trying to unseat Castro, a man who was considered a hero to many for his stance against U.S. interference and imperialism. Kennedy tried to redeem himself by publicly accepting blame for the attack and its subsequent failure, but the botched mission left the young president looking vulnerable and indecisive. Related Videos


Honey Badger (Ratel) | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants SPECIES: capensis ABOUT Honey (badger), is that you? The honey badger is part of the weasel family, related to skunks, otters, ferrets, and other badgers. Its proper name is ratel, but it gets the common name honey badger from what seems to be its favorite food: honey. Yet what the animal is actually looking to eat are the bee larvae found in the honey! This tough little critter has a stocky, flattened body with short, strong legs, along with long claws on the front feet for digging and defense. The honey badger's hair is thick and coarse, mostly black, with a wide gray-white stripe that stretches across its back from the top of the head to the tip of the tail.  Does it remind you of a skunk? The honey badger also has a gland at the base of its tail that stores a stinky liquid just as powerful as that of its look-alike. The smelly stuff is used to mark territory, but if the honey badger is frightened or threatened, it drops a “stink bomb” rather than spraying the odor like its skunk relative does. The honey badger's odor doesn’t last long, like that of a skunk’s, but it still gets its message across: “Leave me alone!” Does the honey badger have a sweet personality? No! It would be hard to find a more quarrelsome animal than the honey badger. It doesn’t start fights it can’t finish, and it makes an impressive foe. Also, the honey badger's skin is tough and loose, allowing the animal to twist around and bite an opponent that has grabbed it by the back of its neck. Combine that with a massive skull, strong teeth, and that awful odor, and you have an animal nobody wants to mess with! HABITAT AND DIET Honey badgers are native to areas of Africa and Asia, from southern Morocco to Africa’s southern tip, and western Asia’s Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, and western India. They live mainly in dry areas but are also found in forests and grasslands. Honey badgers are good swimmers and can climb trees. With its long claws, the honey badger digs burrows up to 9 feet (3 meters) long and up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) deep. A single tunnel ends in a chamber, which is usually bare, where the honey badger rests. But when it comes to making a home, honey badgers aren’t afraid to use what’s already available to them: rock crevices and holes under tree roots, old termite mounds, or the dens of other animals such as aardvarks. Burrows made by Cape foxes, bat-eared foxes, yellow mongooses, and springhares are also taken over by the honey badger. As nocturnal creatures, honey badgers are extremely secretive and difficult to observe in the wild. They sleep most of the day, curling up into a ball to protect their face and belly. What's on the menu? Everything! The honey badger has an appetite for food ranging from small mammals and the young of large mammals to birds, reptiles, insects, carrion, and even a little vegetation, including juicy fruits.  In zoos, honey badgers receive a commercial meat diet for zoo carnivores, mice, mealworms, and crickets. They get a bone to chew on once a week and are offered some fruit, mostly as a treat on hot days; honeydew is a favorite. And, of course, a scoop of honey is always appreciated! FAMILY LIFE Mostly solitary, honey badgers maintain loose home ranges that often overlap. They may meet up at favorite foraging areas, where they sniff each other and roll around to scent mark the ground. Honey badgers can grunt, squeak, hiss, and whine, and are known for their deep and ominous growl. The female honey badger is left alone to give birth and raise her young. The expectant mother digs a nursery chamber and lines it with grass for her baby. After a gestation period of six to eight weeks, one cub (rarely two) is born. The newborn is hairless with pink skin and closed eyes. At one week of age, its skin begins to change from pink to gray; two weeks later, fine gray hair begins to grow. The familiar white stripe appears about a week after that.  By the time the cub is close to three months old, it has become a perfect m


'Windmills of your mind' was hit in 1969 for which artist?

Noel Harrison — Listen for free on Spotify Noel Harrison Play on Spotify Pop singer Noel Harrison is known best in music circles for scoring a hit in 1969 with "Windmills of Your Mind," a song written by Michel Legrand . The haunting single had received a boost when it was featured prominently in the Steve McQueen film The Thomas Crown Affair one year earlier, and thanks to the exposure, the single hit number eight on the charts in Britain. Harrison began his mainstream recording career in 1966 with a self-titled LP for Decca , but he had previously been in the public eye, both for being the son of actor Rex Harrison (most famous for his role of Henry Higgins in My Fair Lady) and for his own role on television as Mark Slate in The Girl from U.N.C.L.E. (a spinoff of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.). Harrison continued recording until 1970, releasing several LPs for Reprise and finding a moderate hit with his version of Leonard Cohen 's "Suzanne" before eventually leaving Hollywood to make his home in Nova Scotia. There he hosted a television program called Take Time, which featured various songwriters, and also continued to sing. After ten years, he returned to Los Angeles, where he continued to compose songs and occasionally act. He added screenwriting to his list of credits and scripted several soft porn movies. In addition to acting and singing, Harrison also worked as a director and author. The younger Harrison also took on the Higgins role, and appeared in Camelot, The King and I, and The Sound of Music. During the 2000s, he moved back to Great Britain again, performing occasionally and releasing two albums of music, Hold Back Time in 2003 and From the Sublime to the Ridiculous in 2010. In 2013, he died following a heart attack at his home in Devon. ~ Linda Seida, Rovi Read More Show less


Suva Map, Capital of Fiji Suva Map, Capital of Fiji Disclaimer Close Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited,its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. About City :  Suva is the capital of Fiji. It is the second most populated municipality of the country after Nasinu. It is both the political and the administrative center of Fiji. Besides, Suva is the largest cosmopolitan city in the South Pacific and has recently become an important regional center. The history of Suva dates back to 1868, when 5,000 sq. km of land was granted to the Australian-based Polynesia Company by the United States in order to clear certain debts. The original intention was to establish a cotton farming industry, which however failed due to unsuitable climate. Subsequent to the annexation of the Fiji islands by Britain in 1874, the capital was shifted from Levuka to Suva three years later. Suva acquired municipal status in 1910 and was declared a city in 1952. The city hosted the South Pacific Games for the third time in 2003. Suva boasts of a milieu of cultures and ethnicities and is currently home to approximately 89,000 residents. English and Fijian are the official languages of the island. The capital city has a mixed population of Protestants, Hindus and Roman Catholics. Geography :  Suva lies on a rugged peninsula situated in between Laucala Bay and Suva Harbor on the south-east coast of the island Viti Levu. It covers an area of 2,048 sq. km, and is surrounded by mountains on both the north and the west that intercepts the southeast trade winds. The coast is lined with mangroves and the nearest beach in Suva is 25 km away at Pacific Harbor. How to Reach (Transport) :  Suva can be reached either by the Nadi International Airport or the Nausori International Airport. These are served by several airlines like Air Pacific, Pacific Sun and Air Vanuato. Suva is located just 23 km from Nausori and can be reached by availing a taxi. Fiji Airways runs regular flights to and from Nadi. Once in Suva, the best public transport options are taxis and local buses as they are affordable and easily available. When to Visit :  Suva experiences a tropical rainforest climate with heavy rainfall throughout the year, especially from November to May. The slightly cooler months from June to October are also comparatively drier. The ideal time to visit the capital city is during July-August when the fire-walking festival is held and the weather is suitable as well. Fairs and Festivals :  Fiji has a rich tradition of cultural fairs and festivals that attract tourists from all over the world. Vilavilairevo, or the fire-walking festival, held in July-August, takes place in the Mariamma Temple. Men walk over blazing pits of embers in a truly magnificent display of courage. The entire city gears up for this festival making colorful costumes and performing various ceremonies. The Hibiscus Festival is a much awaited event of the year held in August. Thousands of participants compete with each other for the Miss Hibiscus title. Music, dance, sports, food and local arts characterize this festival. The last Monday of May is observed as a national holiday in memory of the father of Modern Fiji, Ratu Sir Lala Sakuna. The week-long festival ends with a presidential speech on Fijian unity. The World Music Festival is held in Suva every year in June. Accomplished singers and bands from all over the world gather here to showcase their individual talents. Besides these unique traditional events, the large population of Hindus and Christians celebrate their respective religious festivals all year round. Points of Interest (Places to Visit) :  The following are the unique sites in Suva that one must not miss out when visiting the capital of Fiji: The Fiji Museum in Thurston Gardens houses the most exclusive collection of Fijian artifacts. It is also a research institute specializing in the preservation of Fiji's oral tradition and culture. The Roman Catholic C


Which South American national team has won the Copa de America most times?

Copa America 2016 - Bucket List Events Bucket List Events Home  / Bucket List Events Blog Copa America 2016 1:04 PM, April 15, 2016 Topics: Oktoberfest Copa America 2016 Once every several years, soccer fans from around the world converge upon the Americas’ largest soccer tournament: Copa America, an international event that brings together teams from around South America in a competition for the title of the American continent’s greatest soccer champion. In 2016, the Copa America will be held in the United States for the first time – giving you a unique opportunity to view this sports event without having to travel too far to see it. About the Copa America Held for the first time in 1916, the Copa América – Spanish and Portuguese for “America Cup,” and referred to as the Copa America in English – is a competition hosted by the men’s national teams of the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL), which determines the champion of the South American Continent. The tournament has been held 44 times since its inception, and is one of the most prestigious and most widely viewed sporting events in the world. Eight of the ten CONMEBOL teams have won the Copa America since 1916; Ecuador and Venezuela have yet to win any championships, while Uruguay has won 15, the most of any national team. The 2015 champion, Chile, won against Argentina in a match that drew over 45,000 fans. In 2016, the Copa America – known as the Copa América Centenario, or the 2016 Centennial Copa America – will celebrate the 100-year anniversary of both the CONMEBOL and the tournament itself. The fact that it will be in America for the first time is significant because it is the first time it will not be in a South American country – and marks a special collaboration between CONMEBOL and CONCACAF (the football confederation for North and Central America and the Caribbean). This year’s tournament – a special edition between the usual four-year cycle – features an expanded field of 16 teams (up from the usual 12), with ten teams from CONMEBOL and six teams from CONCACAF, including Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico, the US, Panama and Haiti. The tournament’s location in the US marks an increasing US interest in soccer; while American football still dominates the country’s sports scene, more and more Americans are becoming passionate fans of soccer, and thus the Copa America 2016 is expected to be packed with spectators. Typically, the highest finishing team of CONMEBOL is invited to participate in the next edition of the FIFA Confederations Cup, but does not have to do so. However, the winner of the 2016 tournament will not receive an invitation to the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, because Chile qualified in 2015 after winning the Copa America in that year. History of the Copa America   The history of soccer (or football, as it is called here) in South America is a long one, dating back to 1867 when the first recorded football match was played in Argentina by British railway workers. In 1887, Argentina saw the creation of the continent’s first football team, Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata, followed by the founding of the Argentine Football Association in 1893. Football grew in popularity throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries; in 1910, Argentina organized the first international competition held between national teams of the continent, which included the participation of Chile and Uruguay. In 1916, Argentina held a tournament to celebrate 100 years of independence, in which Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Brazil participated, with Uruguay emerging as the victor. This tournament, known as the Campeonato Sudamericano de Football, was the first version of what would later come to be known as the Copa America. Following the tournament, Héctor Rivadavia, a board member of the Uruguayan Football Association, suggested establishing a football confederation between Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. This plan came to fruition on July 9, 1916 – independence day in Argentina – when CONMEBOL was founded. In 1917, Uruguay hosted the second Copa America and w


"Who composed the opera ""The Merry Widow""?"

I Love You So (Merry Widow Waltz) - The Merry Widow - YouTube I Love You So (Merry Widow Waltz) - The Merry Widow Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jun 15, 2010 Franz Lehar's "The Merry Widow" the author of what many critics consider the most popular waltz ever written, The Merry Widow Waltz, was born Ferenc Lehar in the town of Komarom, Hungary, on April 30, 1870. He was best known to an admiring public as Franz Lehar, composer of some of the finest operettas since the days of Johann Strauss. Lehar's most popular composition, The Merry Widow Waltz, has withstood everything from assaults by amateur sopranos to brassbound attacks by military bands. Its lilting music has survived over a dozen sets of lyrics of varying quality. This apparently fragile waltz has endured in a competitive field where powerful grand operas and massive symphonies have fallen into silent oblivion. The man who wrote this remarkable waltz-and scores of other light masterpieces-was given his early musical training by his father. He later entered the Prague Conservatory, majoring in violin and theory. The great Antonin Dvorak recognized the youngster's true talent, and advised him to concentrate on composition. Lehar knew good advice when he heard it and did his best to obey. However, after graduation he found himself earring his bread and butter by playing violin in the opera orchestra at Elberfeld, a fairly strenuous job which left him with no time for composition. He left the orchestral chair to become assistant conductor of his father's band, the Fiftieth Infantry, in Vienna. For the next dozen years, Lehar gained valuable experience as a conductor. In 1902 he became conductor at the Theater-an-der-Wien in Vienna. The same year his opera Wiener Frauen was produced at this theatre and proved itself a resounding success. From 1902 on, Lehar, now making his home in Vienna, devoted himself seriously to composing music. On December 30, 1905, the curtain rang up on The Merry Widow. By the time the performance was over, the name of Franz Lehar was etched forever on the honour roll of musical genius. The Viennese operetta was translated into twenty-four languages. It was one of the most successful presentations New York ever applauded. The New York premiere occurred in 1907, and the operetta weathered over 5,000 American performances. The great cities of the world played host to The Merry Widow. London, Vienna, Paris, Berlin, Buenos Aires-All bowed in tribute to the Viennese beauty. Wile all this was going on, Lehar was busy penning other operettas. Although none of then duplicated the fantastic success of The Merry Widow, there were a number of fine works which enjoyed good runs on the musical stage, including The Count of Luxembourg, Gypsy Love and The Land of Smiles with its enormously popular Yours Is My Heart Alone. Lehar also turned out such varied compositions as sonatas, symphonic poems, marches and dances. In October 1948, death came to Franz Lehar in his Tyrolean country home. A troubled world, which badly needed more Lehar music, felt the loss. The story of The Merry Widow tells of the romanced of dashing Prince Danilo and Sonia, beautiful heiress from Marsovia. Comedy relief if supplied by Baron Popoff, a gentleman as absurd as his mane. However, it is, above all, the easy lyricism of the music that has mad The Merry Widow on of the real treasures for audiences the world over. Radio Corporation of America, 1957 Category


The Timeline of the Life of Cleopatra USA The Timeline of the Life of Cleopatra Cleopatra was a queen of Egypt but she was not Egyptian. She was the last of the Macedonian Greek dynasty that ruled Egypt from the time of Alexander the Great's death in 323 BCE to about 30 BCE. She was a talented and resourceful individual of great charm but ruthless when she felt she had to be. Cleopatra was the only one of her family that learned to speak the Egyptian (Coptic) language. She knew a half dozen to a dozen other languages. She was an educated intellectual and a capable administrator. Despite her abilities and effort she failed and her life was one of sadness rather than glamour. The Timeline 320 BCE: Alexander conquers Egypt effortlessly as a minor side-campaign in his conquest of the Persian Empire. 323 BCE: Alexander dies in Babylon upon his return from the conquest of what is now Afghanistan, the Indus River Valley and the areas in Central Asia north of Afghanistan. Upon his death his generals divide up Alexander's empire. Ptolemy gets Egypt. Cleopatra is a descendant of Ptolemy. 168 BCE: Rome establishes a protectorate of Egypt. 69 BCE: Cleopatra is born in Egypt. She is the seventh in the Ptolemy dynasty to bear the name Cleopatra, which means glory of the father. She is the second daughter of Ptolemy XII. She and the rest of the Ptolemys were of almost pure Macedonian Greek ancestry, possibly of some Iranian but no Egyptian ancestry. 58 BCE: Ptolemy XII, Cleopatra's father, is expelled from Egypt. 51 BCE: Ptolemy XII is returned to power by a Roman army. He dies later that year and the throne of Egypt goes, according to Ptolemy's wishes, to Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra. Ptolemy XIII is Cleopatra's ten-year old brother. Cleopatra is about 18 years old and had ruled for a short time as a co-regent with her father. In the Egyptian scheme of things Pharoahs marry a sister to ensure the rulership never leaves the royal family. Cleopatra and Ptolemy marry. There could not have been any affection between Cleopatra and her brother. Cleopatra was determined to rule. 49 BCE: The guardians of Ptolemy XIII instigate a revolt against Cleopatra's rule and expel her from Alexandria. 48 BCE: Julius Caesar was engaged in a civil war with another Roman leader, Pompey. Pompey had been defeated in a battle and fled to Egypt. Caesar was pursuing him but Pompey was assassinated upon his arrival in Egypt before Caesar arrived in Egypt. Caesar was left with idle time. Cleopatra arranges to meet Caesar under intimate terms by having herself rolled up in a carpet that is delivered to Caesar's home quarters. When the carpet was unrolled a vivacious 21 year old Egyptian queen emerges. Caesar was about 52 at the time. Cleopatra captivated him but it was probably not her youth and beauty. Caesar could have had bevies and bevies of beautiful young women. Probably the audacity of Cleopatra's ploy amused him and it was a brilliant strategy. Had Cleopatra met Caesar through official state channels protocol would have interfered with her working her charms upon him. She was said to have a thousand ways of flattering. A not unimportant factor in Cleopatra's attraction for Caesar was that she was rich, perhaps the richest woman in the world. Or, at least she would be once back in power in Egypt. Caesar was chronically and often disastrously in debt. 47 BCE: Cleopatra becomes Caesar's mistress and Caesar uses his army to defeat and destroy Cleopatra's rival for power in Egypt, her brother-husband Ptolemy XIII. Ptolemy XIII dies of drowning while trying to escape the field of battle. Caesar establishes Cleopatra and another younger brother, Ptolemy XIV, as the rulers of Egypt.  Caesar returns to Rome. 46 BCE: Cleopatra gives birth to Caesar's child, a boy who is named Ptolemy Caesar and called Caesarion. In Rome, Caesar holds a triumphal celebration of his victories. These celebrations whenever ever possible included the parading of the defeated enemies. Cleopatra's younger sister, Arsenoe, was paraded in Caesar's triumphal c


A quagga, now extinct, bore qresemblance to which other mammal?

Project MUSE - The Quagga and Science: What Does the Future Hold for This Extinct Zebra? What Does the Future Hold for This Extinct Zebra? Peter Heywood Abstract Quaggas, partially striped zebras from South Africa, have had major impacts on science. In the 19th century, the results of mating between a quagga stallion and a horse mare influenced thinking about mechanisms of inheritance for more than 70 years. In the 20th century, tissue from a quagga yielded the first DNA of an extinct organism to be cloned and sequenced. Selective breeding of plains zebras in South Africa has produced animals whose coat coloration resembles that of some quaggas. This raises the intriguing possibility that quaggas may once again be the focus of scientific investigations. Q uaggas had a striking appearance : the face, neck, and anterior part of their bodies had white stripes like zebras, but unlike other zebras, their legs were not striped. The remainder of the quagga and the background color in the areas with white stripes was a brownish color, sometimes described as light brown, reddish-brown, or yellowish-brown ( Figure 1 ). In 1758, Linnaeus created the genus Equus to include horses, donkeys, and zebras, and he gave the binomial name E. zebra to the Cape mountain zebra. This was one of three zebras occurring in South Africa, the others being the plains zebra or Burchell’s zebra, E. burchelli, and the quagga, E. quagga. The species name, [End Page 53] quagga, was the common name for this zebra and is onomatopoeic: it was the sound of the zebra’s barking cry of kwa-ha (the letters gg are pronounced as “h”). Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. A quagga stallion from the menagerie of Louis XVI at Versailles, France. Painted in 1793 by Nicholas Marechal. S ommons . Quaggas ranged through the grasslands and arid interior scrubland (also known as “Karoo”) of the contemporary provinces of Free State, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, and Western Cape. Describing expeditions in 1836 and 1837, the hunter Cornwallis Harris observed: “Moving slowly across the profile of the ocean-like horizon, uttering a shrill barking neigh, of which its name forms a correct imitation, long files of quaggas continually remind the early traveller of a rival caravan on its march” (cited in Duncan 1913 , p. 350). Forty-five years later, the “long files of Quaggas” were no more: quaggas were extinct in the wild, and the last captive animal died in the Amsterdam Zoo in 1883. Extinction of quaggas was probably caused by several factors: they were hunted by European settlers on a large scale and excluded by fences from prime watering and grazing sites. This occurred against a background of predation by carnivores, hunting by indigenous people, and droughts. Not everyone was convinced that quaggas were extinct. There were reports from 1932 and 1941 that zebras resembling quaggas had been seen in Namibia (then South-West Africa, under South African administration). In 1952, Bernard Carp reported his recent unsuccessful attempt to find quaggas in South-West Africa, and concluded that quaggas were, indeed, extinct. Carp had been fully aware of the incongruity of searching for quaggas at a considerable distance from [End Page 54] their former range, but he held on to the slim chance that the vast unexplored areas of Namibia might contain isolated populations of quaggas that had escaped human notice—something that would be impossible in the more heavily populated South Africa. By the late 1950s, when even the most optimistic people had accepted that quaggas were extinct, an intriguing possibility began to be discussed, namely, that the genes for the quagga’s distinctive coat coloration might exist in populations of plains zebras. An early mention of this possibility was by Lutz Heck who observed in 1955 that some of the plains zebras in Etosha National Park, Namibia, had hindquarters of a reddish-brown color and were less striped than most zebras. It was, of course, such zebras that had given rise to the erroneous reports of quaggas in Namibia. Lutz Heck and his b


Who played the role of the 'Riddle? in the 1960s TV series Batman?

The Riddler (Frank Gorshin) | Batman Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia The Riddler (Frank Gorshin) Mushy Nebuchadnezzer the Middle Eastern boxing champion Portrayed by: ―The Riddler [src] The Riddler is an arch-nemesis of Batman . Riddler is the original clue-dropping criminal. He delights in challenging Batman and Robin with his puzzles that he leaves behind at crime scenes, always pointing to where he will be next. Although he was a high school dropout, Riddler is still intelligent enough to give the Caped Crusaders plenty of headaches solving his clues, which are often many-layered and contain several possible solutions. Contents [ show ] Biography Edward Nigma, also known as the Riddler, undoubtedly has the highest IQ of all Batman's foes. Cold, aloof, and possessed of a steely wit, the Prince of Puzzlers challenges Batman to a duel of wits by leaving a trail of riddles, puzzles and cryptograms. In fact, he is psychologically incapable of committing any crime without offering a clue as to how he can be caught. Unfortunately for the Riddler, he has met his match in Batman who's always been able to decipher even his cleverest conundrums resulting in his defeat. In the Batman movie, he comes up with six riddles (two of which were part of a trap for Batman). At the end of the movie, he is defeated by Batman and Robin and apprehended along with Joker , Penguin and Catwoman . Interestingly enough, in the submarine showdown at the end, he is knocked over the edge and into the water twice; first when Batman ducks a punch from the Joker which hits the Riddler instead, and then when Batman (while holding the Catwoman's cat) spins him around with the telescope, making the villain extremely dizzy and knocking him back into the water. He was also one of six arch-criminals freed from prison by Dr. Cassandra Spellcraft to form her new invisible gang, but this brief cameo appearance was by a stand-in. Even though the Riddler is constantly outsmarted by Batman, it makes him even more determined to catch Batman out with riddles that he could never solve and defeat him. Weapons and Equipment Dr. Riddler's Instant Forever Stick Invisible Wax Emulsion - A waxy glue used to cement a person feet to the ground to allow escape. Riddler-alarm - Installed in his hideout, they sound whenever someone is entering. Steam Room - Used for holding kidnappees. The steam apparently causes their resistance to wilt. Riddle Juice - Gives the victim amnesia. Novelty cigarette lighter - In the shape of a handgun, it produces a flame when the trigger is pulled. Handy for practical jokes. Instant Compound X - Used for making molds, i.e. can produce a mask that is an exact replica of the subject's face. Wake-up and Sleeping Sprays - Makes kidnapping as easy as vandalizing a public building. Laughing gas - Kept in pressurized gas tanks, so it can be pumped through a building's ventilation system. Temper tonic - makes anyone lose their temper Known Associates Just as Batman and Robin do not go at crime-fighting alone,The Riddler needs fellow partners in crime to assist him with his malicious schemes: Molly (portrayed by Jill St. John): His first female assistant. Riddler disguised her as Robin to trick Batman into taking her to the Batcave and then kill him. However Batman saw through her disguise and chased her to the top of the atomic pile which charges the Batmobile. The Caped Crusader tried to save her, but she slipped and fell to her death. The Molehill Mob: They are an infamous gang of hoods that hid out in Gotham City's labyrinthine subway system. Harry (portrayed by Allen Jaffe): Member of the Molehill Mob. The River Rat Gang: Comprised of Whiskers (portrayed by Tim Herbert), Fangs (portrayed by Marc Cavell), and Whitey (portrayed by Roy Jenson).They assisted Riddler in a plot to dispose of King Boris. They all love cheese. Mousey (portrayed by Susan Silo): An affiliate of the River Rat gang. She sometimes dresses as a schoolgirl to avoid suspicion. She was often late for meetings because she had to take the bus. When finally caught by Batman, she told him


The Lovely Bones The Lovely Bones The Lovely Bones Introduction In a Nutshell The Lovely Bones (2002) is American author Alice Sebold's first novel. The story is narrated by Susie Salmon, a fourteen-year-old girl who has been raped and killed by her serial killer neighbor in suburban Pennsylvania. That's right, Susie is telling her story from the afterlife. She weaves back and forth in time from the date of her death in 1973, remembering her life, peering into the mind of her killer, and watching the love ones she left behind. It's a gruesome and horrifying story, but also one of hope and renewal. The Lovely Bones has sold millions of copies and is totally at home on the bestseller lists. A book buying frenzy ensued after Pulitzer Prize winning author Ana Quindlen announced on The Today Show that The Lovely Bones was the must read book of summer 2002. Critics loved it, for the most part, and it's won A Bram Stoker Award, among others. Peter Jackson , of Lord of the Rings fame, even directed the 2009 film adaptation . Critics didn't really like the film (it got a rotten tomato ), complaining it's not dark enough and that the afterlife depicted is too fluffy. But Stanley Tucci was nominated for an Oscar for his terrifying portrayal of Susie's killer. And whether or not you agree with the movie's version of the afterlife, the film does a nice job of giving us some of the visuals that make the story so chilling and beautiful, and providing us with the mood and feel of the 1970s. Sebold began writing The Lovely Bones around 1996 when she was 33, but had to put it down to write about a tragic event from her past – being raped by a stranger when she was eighteen. She says, […] after writing the first chapter of Lovely Bones, in which Susie is raped and killed, there was some urging on Susie's part that I get my own business out of the way before writing further into her story. When I say "on Susie's part" I mean: the demands of her wanting to tell her story and using me to do so meant that I had to unload my story someplace else. It wasn't going to fit into the book I wanted to write for her. ( source ) Sounds like Susie is a pretty bossy ghost. The result is Sebold's debut book, Lucky (1999), a well received piece of non-fiction about the rape and the aftermath, including Sebold testifying against her rapist in court, which sent him to prison.  Sebold studied with some literary legends, including Raymond Carver and Tess Gallagher . She lives in California with her husband, the novelist Glen David Gold, who says, "People who find living with a writer romantic often can't work with the reality. But Alice and I have complementary neuroses. If I look grumpy, she says, 'Is it the adverbs, dear?'" ( source ). Of her dreams and goals, Sebold says, "I just want to write and read and walk my dog. You know, I'm very simple" ( source ).   Why Should I Care? Why is The Lovely Bones so popular? One obvious reason is that it's a book about a serial killer. Serial killers (a term coined in the 1960s) are everywhere in American pop culture. There's Dexter, Norman Bates (from Psycho ), and Hannibal Lecter (ever since The Silence of the Lambs Anthony Hopkins gives us the shivers), to name just a few. Serial killers pop up in our art, music, movies, soap operas, and books. There seems to be an insatiable appetite for serial killer fiction . But The Lovely Bones is pretty different from your average serial killer thriller. Though the story is definitely dark and spine-tingling at times, the focus is really on the victim, Susie Salmon, and not the killer, Mr. Harvey. When author Alice Sebold was "[g]rowing up in the Philadelphia suburbs [she] was haunted by news stories about murdered girls." She remembers that "their story wasn't in the newspaper; it was always the story of the murderer. The girls seemed almost disposable" ( source ). Though Susie Salmon tries to understand her killer, he is not the main focus of the book. The women and girls he hurts, and the incredibly difficult process the Salmon family undergoes to heal, take center stage. So


"Who wrote the play ""Who's afraid of Virginia Wolf'?"

SparkNotes: Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?: Summary Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Edward Albee Context Characters The play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is set on the campus of a small, New England university. It opens with the main characters, George and Martha coming home from a party at her father's house. The two of them clearly care deeply for each other, but events have turned their marriage into a nasty battle between two disenchanted, cynical enemies. Even though the pair arrives home at two o'clock in the morning, they are expecting guests: the new math professor and his wife. Of course, as it turns out, this new, young professor, Nick, actually works in the biology department. He and his wife, Honey, walk into a brutal social situation. In the first act, "Fun and Games," Martha and George try to fight and humiliate each other in new, inventive ways. As they peel away each other's pretenses and self-respect, George and Martha use Honey and Nick as pawns, transforming their guests into an audience to witness humiliation, into levers for creating jealousy, and into a means for expressing their own sides of their mutual story. In the second act, "Walpurgisnacht," these games get even nastier. The evening turns into a nightmare. George and Martha even attack Honey and Nick, attempting to force them to reveal their dirty secrets and true selves. Finally, in the last act, "The Exorcism," everyone's secrets have been revealed and purged. Honey and Nick go home, leaving Martha and George to try to rebuild their shattered marriage. More Help


Edward Heath was MP for which constituency?

Edward Heath | PolUKWiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Ted (or "Teddy" as he was known as a young man) Heath was born the son of a carpenter and a maid from Broadstairs in Kent, England. His father was later a successful small businessman. He was educated at Chatham House Grammar School in Ramsgate, and also at The King's School, Canterbury for the Sixth form, where he was head boy, and in 1935 with the aid of a county scholarship he went up to study at Balliol College, Oxford. A talented musician, he won the college's Organ scholarship in his first term (he had previously tried for the organ scholarships at St Catharine's College, Cambridge and Keble College, Oxford), which enabled him to stay at the University for a fourth year; he eventually graduated, with a second in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics in 1939. While at university Heath became active in Conservative politics. However, on the key political issue of the day, foreign policy, he opposed the Conservative-dominated government of the day ever more openly. His first Paper Speech (i.e. a major speech listed on the order paper along with the visiting guest speakers) at the Oxford Union, in Michaelmas 1936, was in opposition to the appeasement of Germany by returning her colonies, confiscated after the First World War. In June 1937 he was elected President of the Oxford University Conservative Association as a pro-Spanish Republic candidate, in opposition to the pro-Franco John Stokes (later a Conservative MP). In 1937-8 he was also chairman of the national Federation of University Conservative Associations, and in the same year (his third at University) he was Secretary then Librarian of the Oxford Union. At the end of the year, however, he was defeated for the Presidency of the Oxford Union by another Balliol candidate, Alan Wood, on the issue of whether the Chamberlain government should give way to a left-wing Popular Front. On this occasion Heath supported the government. Political Career Edit He was Editor of the Church Times and later a banker at Brown, Shipley & Co. until his election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bexley in the February 1950 general election. In the election he defeated an old contemporary from the Oxford Union, Ashley Bramall, with a majority of 133 votes. Heath made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 26 June 1950, in which he appealed to the Labour Government to participate in the Schuman Plan. In February 1951, Heath was appointed as an Opposition Whip by Winston Churchill. He remained in the Whip's Office after the Conservatives won the 1951 general election, rising rapidly to Joint Deputy Chief Whip, Deputy Chief Whip and, in December 1955, Government Chief Whip under Anthony Eden. Because of the convention that Whips do not speak in Parliament, Heath managed to keep out of the controversy over the Suez Crisis. After the Conservative Party lost the general election of 1964, the defeated Douglas-Home changed the party leadership rules to allow for an MP ballot vote, and then resigned. The following year Heath - who was Shadow Chancellor at the time, and had recently won favourable publicity for leading the fight against Labour's Finance Bill - unexpectedly won the party's leadership contest, gaining 150 votes to Reginald Maudling's 133 and Enoch Powell's 15. Heath became the Tories' youngest leader and retained office after the party's defeat in the general election of 1966. Heath sacked Enoch Powell from the Shadow Cabinet after Powell made his Rivers of Blood speech on 20 April 1968. Heath never spoke to him again. Powell hadn't notified Conservative Central Office of his intentions to deliver the speech, and this was put forward as one reason for his dismissal. As Prime Minister Edit As with all British governments in the 1970s, Heath's time in office was difficult. The government suffered an early blow with the death of Chancellor of the Exchequer Iain Macleod on 20 July 1970; his replacement Anthony Barber was a much less strong political personality. Heath's planned economic policy changes (including a significan


How many times did Martina Navratilova win the Wimbledon woman's singles championship?

Q&A: Martina Navratilova and Kim Clijsters - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM Q&A: Martina Navratilova and Kim Clijsters Nine-times Wimbledon singles champion Martina Navratilova remembers her first visit in 1973 while Kim Clijsters will never forget being bruised by Andre Agassi. READ MORE By Alex Sharp Wimbledon.com caught up with nine-time singles champion Martina Navratilova and four-time Grand Slam winner Kim Clijsters, who recently defended their Roland Garros Legends crown. Both Clijsters and Navratilova remember their first tennis memories as watching Wimbledon on TV. Amazingly, Navratilova had never even seen a grass court until a week before her first appearance at SW19 in 1973 but eventually amassed 20 titles on the hallowed turf at Wimbledon across singles and doubles. Earliest Wimbledon memory... CLIJSTERS: For sure on the TV, watching Steffi Graf play. In Belgium it’s in the summer holidays and I remember watching her play Monica Seles. My sister and I would try and copy them on our driveway. It was amazing, I got to play against Steffi in her last Wimbledon and that was a dream come true for me. I lost but I don’t remember much from the match because I was so in awe. It was a beautiful experience that I was able to do that. First visit to The Championships... NAVRATILOVA: Turning up in 73, my first one, playing for the first time as a junior and in the main draw. I remember I won a couple of rounds, I got to the final of the juniors, quarter-finals of the mixed doubles. I was alongside Jan Kodes, who won the whole thing in singles, that was just an amazing treat for me and something I’ll never forget. I sat in on every match of Kodes’, when I wasn’t playing I was always on Centre Court or Court One watching tennis until it got dark. I was so nervous for Jan but it was special to share that with him. Andre Agassi came forward and hit this huge forehand and I had no time to move. He hit me so hard - Kim Clijsters CLIJSTERS: Yes, I was a teenager, playing in the Juniors, I was with my Dad and my coach. I still remember the first time I walked into the grounds noticing the littlest things like the flowers, everything was so well manicured, so pretty and the people in the suits, it was stunning. I always compare it to when I first went to Disneyland, you walk in and you say ‘Wow!’ and I had the same feeling at Wimbledon. All the other Grand Slams have a similar feeling too. But at the US Open you see the big stadiums and everything is huge whereas at Wimbledon it’s the overall atmosphere, the tradition, you feel it which I really like. Wimbledon in three words...


ES is the chemical symbol for which element?

Chemical Elements.com - Einsteinium (Es) Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Einsteinium. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/es.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license  agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.


The dunnock is more commonly known as what bird?

Focus On: The Dunnock: More Interesting Than You Think! Privacy policy Dunnock (photo: Sue Tranter) The Dunnock is one of those birds that can easily go unnoticed within the garden. About the size of a Robin , but slimmer in build, this small, rather plain-looking, bird tends to forage on the ground beneath bushes and shrubs. Yet its unobtrusive nature and drab plumage hide an extremely charismatic and engaging bird, whose social behaviour and living habits are nothing if not rather unusual. Perhaps the most striking aspect of Dunnock behaviour is its complex social system. While many Dunnocks adopt a monogamous relationship with a would-be partner, others engage in more complicated arrangements. It is quite common for one female to engage in a relationship with two males (something that is given the rather grand title of 'polyandry'). Somewhat less commonly, a single male may establish bonds with two or more females (known as 'polygyny') and there are even cases of groups of two or three males consorting with three or four females ('polygynandry')! These rather unusual groupings seem to occur because male and female Dunnocks maintain their own, largely independent, territories during the breeding season. Since male territories are larger than those of the females, you might expect a single male to have access to more than one female, giving rise to polygyny. However, what makes the social complexities all the more interesting is that some male territories are shared by two males. One of the two males (termed the 'alpha' male) will be dominant over the other (the 'beta' male). The beta male manages to secure his position within the territory of the alpha male through sheer persistence, something which provides him with a degree of access to any females. However, access is not guaranteed, since the alpha male spends a great deal of time guarding his female, especially as she approaches the egg-laying period. Dunnock (photo: Tom Melton) A series of pre-copulation displays have evolved alongside this bizarre social system and these displays are geared towards attempts on the part of the male to guarantee his parentage of any offspring resulting from the union. Immediately prior to copulation, a female Dunnock will crouch low in front of her prospective mate, fluff up her body feathers, raise her tail and quiver. The male, positioned behind the female, will then hop from side to side before pecking at the female's vent (also known as the cloaca). The male's pecking of the cloaca may continue for several minutes and, over this period, it may become pink and swollen. As it swells, it makes strong pumping movements and these result in the ejection of sperm from previous mating attempts. In this way, a male can increase his chances of fathering any young resulting from the union. Another frequently observed display occurs where two or more males come together to dispute a territory. Such interactions involve bouts of wing-flicking and chasing, and it is interesting to note that beta males work with their alpha male to defend the 'shared' territory from would-be intruders. Both males will also indulge in song to advertise their ownership of the territory. This might suggest that there is a benefit for an alpha male in having a beta male within his territory. However, any benefits that come from having another male to help with territorial defence are balanced by the disadvantages of having a male sharing your territory who is looking for any opportunity to mate with your partner. This is why the alpha males invest so much time in guarding their females (as much as 40 minutes an hour). Now, all this may seem a bit harsh on the poor female, constantly followed by one male, with another looking to take advantage of her given sufficient opportunity. However, the female is also seeking to maximise her advantages from this social system and she does this by actively soliciting mating attempts from the beta male. Sometimes the female will shake off her alpha male so that she can elope with the beta male for a brief liaison. She does thi


Name the cricketer who played for Gloucestershire and England who scored 7,249 runs and 22 centuries in test matches?

Wally Hammond, Cricketer • Biography & Facts Wally Hammond Cricketer Walter Reginald "Wally" Hammond (19 June 1903 – 1 July 1965) was an English Test cricketer who played for Gloucestershire in a career that lasted from 1920 to 1951. Beginning his career as a professional, he later became an amateur and was appointed captain of England. Primarily a middle-order batsman, Wisden Cricketers' Almanack described him in his obituary as one of the four best batsmen in the history of cricket. He was considered to be the best English batsman of the 1930s by commentators and those with whom he played; they also said that he was one of the best slip fielders ever. Hammond was an effective fast-medium pace bowler and contemporaries believed that if he had been less reluctant to bowl, he could have achieved even more with the ball than he did. In a Test career spanning 85 matches, he scored 7,249 runs and took 83 wickets. Hammond captained England in 20 of those Tests, winning four, losing three, and drawing 13. His career aggregate of runs was the highest in Test cricket until surpassed by Colin Cowdrey in 1970. As of October 2010, his total of 22 Test centuries remains an English record, held jointly with Cowdrey and Geoffrey Boycott . In 1933, he set a record for the highest individual Test innings of 336 not out, surpassed by Len Hutton in 1938. In all first-class cricket, he scored 50,551 runs, the seventh highest total scored by any first-class cricketer as of January 2010, and took 732 wickets. He scored 167 first-class centuries, the third highest of any player as of January 2010. Although Hammond began his career in 1920, he was required to wait until 1923 before he could play full time, after his qualification to play for Gloucestershire was challenged. His potential was spotted immediately and after three full seasons, he was chosen to visit the West Indies in 1925–26 as a member of a Marylebone Cricket Club (M.C.C. ) touring party, but contracted a serious illness on the tour. He began to score heavily after his recovery in 1927 and was selected for England. In the 1928–29 series against Australia he scored 905 runs, then a record aggregate for a Test series. He dominated county cricket in the 1930s and, despite a mid-decade slump in Test form, was made captain of England in 1938. He continued as captain after the Second World War, but his health had deteriorated and he retired from first-class cricket after an unsuccessful tour of Australia in 1946–47. He appeared in two more first-class matches in the early 1950s. Hammond was married twice, divorcing his first wife in acrimonious circumstances, and had a reputation for infidelity. His relationships with other players were difficult; team-mates and opponents alike found him hard to get along with. He was unsuccessful in business dealings, and failed to establish a successful career once he retired from cricket. He moved to South Africa in the 1950s in an attempt to start a business, but this came to nothing. As a result, he and his family struggled financially. Shortly after beginning a career as a sports administrator, he was involved in a serious car crash in 1960 which left him frail. He died of a heart attack in 1965. Personal facts


Lady's Slipper is a member of which plant family?

Pink Lady's Slipper Range map of pink Lady's slipper. States are colored green where the species may be found. Pink Lady's slipper (Cypripedium acaule). Photo courtesy of Susan Trull, U.S. Forest Service. Pink Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium acaule Ait.) By Patricia J. Ruta McGhan Pink lady's slipper is a large, showy wildflower belonging to the orchid family. It has two opposite basal leaves with conspicuous parallel veins and a large flower at the end of an erect stalk. The flower is magenta to whitish-pink; sometimes the whitish pink flowers will have darker pink venation. Rarely the flower may be all white. This plant grows 6 to 15 inches tall and flowers generally between May and July. The species name acaule is Latin, meaning, "stem less", referring to the plant’s leafless flowering stem. Another common name for this plant is moccasin flower. Orchids often have swollen, ball-shaped tubers that were regarded in traditional practices as having medicinal value. The root of lady's slipper was used as a remedy for nervousness, tooth pain, and muscle spasms. In the 1800s and 1900s it, and other orchids, were widely used as a substitute for the European plant valerian for sedative properties. In order to survive and reproduce, pink lady's slipper interacts with a fungus in the soil from the Rhizoctonia genus. Generally, orchid seeds do not have food supplies inside them like most other kinds of seeds. Pink lady’s slipper seeds require threads of the fungus to break open the seed and attach them to it. The fungus will pass on food and nutrients to the pink lady's slipper seed. When the lady’s slipper plant is older and producing most of its own nutrients, the fungus will extract nutrients from the orchid roots. This mutually beneficial relationship between the orchid and the fungus is known as “symbiosis” and is typical of almost all orchid species. Pink lady’s slipper takes many years to go from seed to mature plants.  Seed-bearing harvest of wild lady's slipper root is not considered sustainable. Pink lady's slippers can live to be twenty years old or more. Cypripedium acaule. Photo by Thomas G. Barnes, University of Tennessee Herbarium. Pink lady's slippers also require bees for pollination. Bees are lured into the flower pouch through the front slit, attracted by the flower’s bright color and sweet scent. Once inside, the bees find no reward, and discover that they are trapped, with only one point of escape. Inside the pouch, there are hairs that lead to a pair of exit openings, one beneath each pollen mass. The bee must pass under the stigma, so if it bears any pollen from a visit to another flower, it will be deposited before picking up a fresh load on the way out. Pink lady’s slipper lives in a variety of habitats, growing in mixed hardwood coniferous forests of pine and hemlock on rocky/mossy slopes, and in semi-open or in deep humus and acidic but well-drained soil under birch and other deciduous trees of eastern United States forests.