Who, by winning the 1904 Prize for Medicine, became the first Russian to win a Nobel Prize?

Physiology or Medicine 1904 - Presentation Speech Presentation Speech The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 Ivan Pavlov Share this: Award Ceremony Speech Presentation Speech by Professor the Count  K.A.H. Mörner, Rector of the Royal Caroline Institute , on December 10,  1904 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies  and Gentlemen. The medical sciences are mutually interdependent. Progress in one  field is often closely associated with development in others. The  rise in one branch of science can often have its origin in a  recently made analysis within another sphere, and yet it may  appear at the first glance that the former is of outstanding  importance while the latter is apparently of secondary value. It  is not always such progress, as immediately are useful and  of benefit, which should be considered as especially important;  this character can also be attributed to those which are  themselves less spectacular but form the basis for the others  which are then only a further development of it. The aim of science is the acquisition of knowledge, the value of  which should not be measured by the ease with which it can be  brought immediately into practical usefulness. Examples of this  can be seen in various accounts of scientific developments which  have given their originators a prominent place in the history of  Medicine. One may point to Vesalius and Harvey. When Vesalius, in  spite of the personal risks to which he exposed himself, through  his masterly researches opened the way to the study of human  anatomy, he was impelled by his desire to carry the torch of  science through the covering veil of prejudice and authoritarian  belie£ When Harvey through long years of investigations and  deep study was able to prove the circulation of the blood, it was  his thirst for truth which spurred him on in his work; to satisfy  it was his reward. The importance of the activities of these men for the whole of  Medical Science must be estimated from the contributions they  gave to the advancement of knowledge - from the view which thus  became established in these sciences and has stimulated them to  new and vigorous development. It would be a very unjust  underestimation of them, if they were judged by the immediate value of their work. The man, whose magnificent intentions established the Nobel  Foundation was not unfamiliar with or averse to the aims and  achievements of scientific research. This can be seen from the  fact that his directions about the medical Nobel Prize linked it  with physiology. The study by the physiological sciences of  normal life processes and associated problems is in most cases of  a purely scientific nature and however important the results of  research may be in themselves, it is only exceptionally and in a  roundabout way that they emerge into practical use. The questions  of the investigator to Nature and the yearning which fires his  desire are directed in the first instance to the gaining of new  and deeper knowledge. Other factors also show that Nobel greatly  appreciated investigators who were seeking knowledge for its own  sake without considering other circumstances. The medical Nobel Prize has this year been bestowed upon a man  whose activity falls within the theoretical branches of the  medical sciences, namely, the Professor in the Military Medical Academy of St. Petersburg, I. P. Pavlov, for his work on the  physiology of digestion. In the early days opinions on the course of digestion were  speculations as to what was termed as «cooking» or «grinding» in the stomach etc. So long as the digestive  processes could not be observed or investigated directly in the  stomach no real knowledge could be obtained. An accident turned  physiological research in this field in a direction which has  later become very important. In the 1820's a young man sustained  a gunshot wound in the stomach and developed a gastric fistula  which to some extent permitted the gastric processes to be  studied. Observations were carried out on


"In Milton's ""Paradise Lost"" what is the capital of Hell?"

Book I Book I    Bookmark this page    Manage My Reading List Summary Book I of Paradise Lost begins with a prologue in which Milton performs the traditional epic task of invoking the Muse and stating his purpose. He invokes the classical Muse, Urania, but also refers to her as the "Heav'nly Muse," implying the Christian nature of this work. He also says that the poem will deal with man's disobedience toward God and the results of that disobedience. He concludes the prologue by saying he will attempt to justify God's ways to men. Following the prologue and invocation, Milton begins the epic with a description of Satan, lying on his back with the other rebellious angels, chained on a lake of fire. The poem thus commences in the middle of the story, as epics traditionally do. Satan, who had been Lucifer, the greatest angel, and his compatriots warred against God. They were defeated and cast from Heaven into the fires of Hell. Lying on the lake, Satan is described as gigantic; he is compared to a Titan or the Leviathan. Next to Satan lies Beelzebub, Satan's second in command. Satan comments on how Beelzebub has been transformed for the worse by the punishment of God. Still he adds that it is his intention to continue the struggle against God, saying, "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven" (263). With effort, Satan is able to free himself from his chains and rise from the fire. He flies to a barren plain, followed by Beelzebub. From the plain, Satan calls the other fallen angels to join him, and one by one they rise from the lake and fly to their leader. As they come, Milton is able to list the major devils that now occupy Hell: Moloch, Chemos, Baalem, Ashtaroth, Astarte, Astoreth, Dagon, Rimmon, Osiris, Isis, Orus, Mammon, and Belial. Each devil is introduced in a formal cataloguing of demons. These fallen angels think that they have escaped from their chains through their own power, but Milton makes it clear that God alone has allowed them to do this. This devil army is large and impressive but also aware of its recent ignominious defeat. Satan addresses them and rallies them. He tells them that they still have power and that their purpose will be to oppose God, adding, "War then, War / Open or understood, must be resolv'd" (661-62). This speech inspires the devil host, and under Mammon's direction, they immediately begin work on a capital city for their Hellish empire. They find mineral resources in the mountains of Hell and quickly begin to construct a city. Under the direction of their architect, Mulciber, they construct a great tower that comes to symbolize the capital of Hell, Pandemonium. The devil army, flying this way and that, is compared to a great swarm of bees. When the work is done and the capital completed, they all assemble for the first great council. Analysis Milton begins Paradise Lost in the traditional epic manner with a prologue invoking the muse, in this case Urania, the Muse of Astronomy. He calls her the "Heav'nly Muse" (7) and says that he will sing "Of Man's First Disobedience" (1), the story of Adam and Eve and their fall from grace. As the prologue continues, it becomes apparent that this muse is more than just the classical Urania, but also a Christian muse who resides on Mt. Sinai, in fact the Holy Spirit. In these first lines, Milton thus draws on two traditions — the classical epic exemplified by Homer and Virgil and the Christian tradition embodied in the Bible as well as Dante's Divine Comedy and Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene. Milton further emphasizes in the prologue that his theme will be Man's disobedience to God's will, implying not only Adam's disobedience, but all mankind from first to last. He does add that his subject will include the "greater Man" (4) who saved all others from the original disobedience. Moreover, his intention will be to "justify the ways of God to men" (26) through the aid of "Eternal Providence" (25). By "justify," Milton means more than simply to explain; he means that he will demonstrate that God's actions in regard to man are just. This goal sugg


How many letters are used to make Roman numerals?

How to Use Roman Numerals: 8 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow How to Use Roman Numerals Community Q&A Roman numerals are numbers in a system. Surely everyone knows that I is 1, II is 2, and III is 3, but do they know that V is 5, or that X is 10? If you don't know that and the numbers that follow, and would like to know, read on! It will definitely help you when looking at copyright dates of books published in MCMXXXIV (1934) or to understand that the book on the Statue of Liberty bears a label MDCCLXXVI (1776)! Steps 1 Understand the concept of Roman numerals. Roman numerals use fewer symbols than the number system you are used to. I is the number 1 (one), V is 5 (five), and X is 10 (ten), for example. Counting starts out as easy as I (one), II (two), III (three). But for the next one, write IV for "one away from five" (I away from V), which is four. This pattern continues with V (five), VI (five + one = six), VII (seven), VIII (eight), then IX ("one away from ten" = nine), X (ten). This may sound confusing, but you'll get the hang of it, Take a look at Roman numerals from 1 to 20: I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX 2 Learn the values. As you may know, the Roman numbering system is based on letters rather than a whole new alphabet for numbers. I 1 M 1000 3 Put them together. The concept in step 1 is actually quite basic. That pattern repeats continuously throughout the system, no matter how great a number may be. For example: From 40 to 50: XL XLI XLII XLIII XLIV XLV XLVI XLVIII XLIX L From 100 to 110:


In which mountain range were monkey puzzle trees first discovered by Europeans?

Chilean forest fires devastate ancient trees | Science | The Guardian Chilean forest fires devastate ancient trees Friday 8 August 2003 05.35 EDT First published on Friday 8 August 2003 05.35 EDT Close This article is 13 years old The monkey puzzle tree, much loved in English suburban gardens, has been brought close to extinction in the wild by disastrous forest fires which have burned down 71% of its stronghold in Chile's Malleco national reserve, the United Nations Environment Programme said yesterday. Some trees were 2,000 years old. The south of Chile is known to tourists for its dramatic landscape and temperate rainforests. After years of destruction the monkey puzzle tree is now found in the wild in two small areas in the Andes and on the coastal mountain range. In the UK it was much loved by the Victorians as an ornamental tree, and it remained popular in suburbia until the 1930s. A fashionable revival recently has put thousands on sales in garden centres, but these are grown from carefully controlled seed banks. Fires in the past southern summer destroyed 30,000 hectares of native forest, and supplies of seeds are disappearing. Research by Cristian Echeverria for Unep has revealed the far-reaching implications of the forest fires in Chile. He is pioneering a technique for mapping the fragmentation of the forest using remote sensing satellite images from the past 25 years to assess the rate at which native forest is being removed. In one of the study areas 64% of the wild forest has been lost in 25 years and the continuous forest cover broken. Reconstructed maps show that in 1550, when the Europeans arrived, the entire country would have been forest. In 1990 the monkey puzzle was declared a protected species in Chile, and felling it was forbidden. Its plight is being used to highlight the threats forest fires pose to endangered tree species. In all there are 8,000 species on the danger list, 10% of the total number identified. The environmental organisation Fauna & Flora International and the Unep World Conservation Monitoring Centre at Cambridge are collaborating on the Global Trees Campaign, which aims to establish the management plans vital for keeping forests sustainable. An important element of this is the development of a mapping programme leading to a world atlas of threatened trees. Mark Collins, director of the WCMC, is concerned that the future of wild forests has worsened since the centre published the first global assessment, The World List of Threatened Trees, five years ago. "New research, such as that on the monkey puzzle, is revealing that fragmentation of wild forest and their replantation with potentially invasive foreign species are major threats," he said. Peter Ashton of Harvard and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, supports his concern. He said: "In the tropics many rare tree species are already functionally extinct. "The high diversity of plants in tropical rainforests means that specimens are naturally widely spaced; if forest cover is further fragmented, then the probability of a pollinator being within range decreases. "Some forests are becoming living museums."


"What is the sequel to Robert Grave's novel ""I Claudius""?"

Barry Unsworth on the Claudius books of Robert Graves | Books | The Guardian Share on Messenger Close The success of Goodbye to All That, his memoirs of the first world war, enabled Robert Graves to quit the industrial civilisation he so much detested for a simpler style of life. In the year the book was published, 1929, he and the American poet Laura Riding went to Majorca and the island became his permanent home. It was in his early years here that the Claudius books were written, appearing in 1934, when his reputation as a poet was already established. They were brought out by Penguin in 1943 and have enjoyed continuous success ever since. How Graves came to fasten on Claudius as his narrator I have no means of knowing, whether it was after long deliberation or came as a shaft of light. But it is hard to imagine a better vehicle for recounting the first half-century of Imperial Rome - a chronicler who lived at the very centre of its far from healthy heart. Others lived there with him but none of them would have done. His grand-uncle Augustus, founder of the Empire, was too much concerned with promulgating his own glory and establishing the central authority of the state to give us more than propaganda; his cruel and gloomy uncle Tiberius was too secretive to make any kind of autobiographer; it could hardly have been his demented predecessor Caligula, who believed himself to be a god, or the posturing and perverted Nero who followed. No, Claudius is the only one in all that company who we can believe in as a chronicler, the only one who would have been capable of the detachment and introspection needed. He was an outsider, always a good thing in a writer. Childhood illness left him with a permanent limp, he had a speech impediment that earned him general derision and he suffered from acute abdominal pains all his life. "Cripple, stammerer, fool of the family," as he calls himself. He was in fact regarded as little better than an idiot by the imperial family, and left to his own devices. This was the saving of him, of course. In that world of murderous power struggle, no one took him seriously as a rival, no one thought him worth killing. This enabled him to live to the advanced age of 51 before succeeding to the purple, and it was his own character, timorous certainly, but quick-witted and surprisingly firm in emergencies, that enabled him to survive 13 years as emperor and so to become, in the words Graves gives him, the recorder of his own life and times. He was otherwise qualified too. In his lonely and neglected childhood he took naturally to study, encouraged in this by the historian Livy, who was one of the few to recognise his talents. He became a historian in his own right, and one of astonishing industry - he wrote 20 volumes of Etruscan and a further eight of Carthaginian history, all in Greek, plus an autobiography, a treatise on the Roman alphabet and an essay on dice-playing, to which it seems he was addicted. Not one syllable of all this has survived. All we have is a couple of letters and a speech in the Senate to the Conscript Fathers, urging them to extend Roman citizenship to provincials. (He was interrupted, even heckled, but bore it with patience.) It is not enough for us to form any judgment of his merits as a historian or his qualities as a stylist. It is Graves that gives him a voice, and what a voice it is, garrulous, digressive, spiced with gossip and scandal, at the same time strangely dispassionate and sober. There is a range of tone here that enables Claudius, in his persona as professional historian, to deal with matters widely diverse, to be equally convincing whether talking about the waste and excess of military triumphs, the fate of Varus and his regiments in the forests of Germany, or the endless intriguing for power and influence among the members of the imperial family. To take one example among many of the capacity of the style to encompass incongruous elements, often within a short space, there is the account of the assassination of Caligula in 41 AD and the immediate hailing of Cl


In which sport would you use a knuckleball?

knuckleball | baseball | Britannica.com Knuckleball THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Learn about this topic in these articles:   in Hoyt Wilhelm ...that Wilhelm had been 28 at the start of his rookie season. Upon his death, however, it was revealed that he had been born a year earlier than official baseball records indicated.) Wilhelm’s knuckleball quickly proved to be an asset to the Giants, with whom he won a World Series championship in 1954. Unfortunately, the dancing pitch sometimes baffled his own catchers too, until Paul... in baseball (sport): The pitching repertoire Relatively few pitchers use the knuckleball, which lacks axial rotation, making it subject to air currents. The ball is wobbly as it approaches the batter and so is harder to hit solidly than a spinning ball. The knuckleball, however, is difficult to catch, and often it is missed by the catcher (a passed ball). The knuckler is thrown with an easy, almost lobbing motion, and, because of the...


Which motor manufacturer makes the Juke and Note models?

Nissan Cars, Trucks, Crossovers, & SUVs | Nissan USA TAKE ON 2017 IN A NEW NISSAN MORE PEOPLE THAN EVER ARE CHOOSING NISSAN AND IN 2017 WE HOPE YOU'LL COME ALONG FOR THE RIDE. HURRY IN TO YOUR LOCAL NISSAN DEALER TODAY FOR GREAT OFFERS ON A NEW NISSAN - NORTH AMERICA'S FASTEST GROWING AUTO BRAND OF 2016. [*]


Which German, together with Ernst Abbe, developed and produced many new lenses and heat resistant glasses?

Ernst Abbe A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ernst Abbe Ernst Karl Abbe ( born January 23, 1840 in Eisenach , Saxe-Weimar -Eisenach, † January 14, 1905 in Jena, Saxe-Weimar -Eisenach, [ abə ], Ernst Abbe, Carl ) was a German physicist, statistician, opticians, entrepreneurs and social reformers. Together with Carl Zeiss and Otto Schott He laid the foundations of modern optics and developed many optical instruments. In 1899 he was the sole owner of the company Carl Zeiss Jena and was instrumental in the founding of the company Glass Schott & Gen. (now Schott AG ) involved. Life Ernst Abbe grew up in modest circumstances in Eisenach. His father Georg Adam Abbe was a foreman in a spinning mill. After elementary school years 1846-1850 he was thanks to private support by the employer of his father, the junior high school first-order ( Julius von Eichel - Streiber ) - later to secondary school - visit in Eisenach, which since 1922 all German historical epochs Ernst -Abbe- high school is called. He finished the grammar school in 1857 from the " certificate of maturity " and mostly good grades. His was already recognizable scientific talents, coupled with a strong will, prompted his father to him, despite the modest financial means to study in Jena (1857-1859) and Göttingen (1859-1861) to allow, where Ernst Abbe himself a part of his earning livelihood as a private tutor. Added to this was that the employer his father's family supported him in the years 1858 and 1859 during his studies. The doctorate in Göttingen on March 23, 1861 entitled " Experiential justification of the set of the equivalence between heat and mechanical work." " He then became an assistant at the observatory in Göttingen before accepting a short occupation (1861-1862) at the Physics Club in Frankfurt am Main and habilitated it soon - August 8, 1863 - Jena in with the theme of " regularity in the distribution errors in observation series ". He then taught there as a lecturer of physics and mathematics. 1870 Abbe was appointed associate professor ( since 1891 teaching commitments given birth again ). In 1873 he was elected a member of the Scholars Academy Leopoldina. In 1878 he became director of the Observatory Jena. In 1889 he was elected a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. He was also a member of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences. Ernst Abbe married in 1871 Else Snell, the daughter of the mathematician and physicist Karl Snell, a teacher Abbes. Work His professional life was in 1866 the offer of the University of mechanic Carl Zeiss a decisive turn: Abbe should put his microscope production on a secure scientific foundation. The former production of these devices consisted namely of an art of sampling ( " Pröbelns " ) and did not follow the work instructions due to optical calculations. The trusting relationship between Abbe and Zeiss could not be shaken by an initial setback: The first built by Abbes bills microscope showed a performance drop compared to the products of the older " gepröbelten " manufacturing on. This situation challenged the physicist Ernst Abbe and led to his theory of image formation in the microscope as well as its assessment of the microscopic resolving power ( see below). By using this information, the power of the now -built microscopes could be considerably improved, that Zeiss decided (valid from 15 May 1875) include Abbe on 22 July 1876 as a partner in the company. International recognition came on May 1, 1878 by an honorary membership in the Royal Microscopical Society in London. An important prerequisite for the consistently good quality of optical instruments and their continuous improvement lay in the mastery of the production of the different types of glass with reproducible properties and especially in the development of new optical glasses. Here Abbe permanently Otto Schott, Wittenburg could win an der Ruhr, to build a factory in Jena. At its Carl Zeiss were together with his son Roderick and Ernst Abbe involved ( "Glass Technology Laboratory Schott & "


Saguaro Cactus Fact Sheet Plant Fact Sheet: Saguaro Cactus Identifying Features The saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea) is one of the defining plants of the Sonoran Desert. These plants are large, tree-like columnar cacti that develop branches (or arms) as they age, although some never grow arms. These arms generally bend upward and can number over 25. Saguaros are covered with protective spines, white flowers in the late spring, and red fruit in summer. Habitat Saguaros are found exclusively in the Sonoran Desert. The most important factors for growth are water and temperature. If the elevation is too high, the cold weather and frost can kill the saguaro. Although the the Sonoran Desert experiences both winter and summer rains, it is thought that the Saguaro obtains most of its moisture during the summer rainy season. Range You find this cactus in southern Arizona and western Sonora, Mexico. At the northern portion of their range they are more plentiful on the warmer south facing slopes. A few stray plants can also be found in southeast California. Wild Status The saguaro is not currently listed as threatened or endangered. Arizona has strict regulations about the harvesting, collection or destruction of this species. Life Span With the right growing conditions, it is estimated that saguaros can live to be as much as 150-200 years old. Size Saguaro are very slow growing cactus. A 10 year old plant might only be 1.5 inches tall. Saguaro can grow to be between 40-60 feet tall (12-18m). When rain is plentiful and the saguaro is fully hydrated it can weigh between 3200-4800 pounds. Quick Facts The saguaro is the largest cactus in the United States. Most of the saguaros roots are only 4-6 inches deep and radiate out as far from the plant as it is tall. There is one deep root, or tap root that extends down into the ground more than 2 feet. After the saguaro dies its woody ribs can be used to build roofs, fences, and parts of furniture. The holes that birds nested in or "saguaro boots" can be found among the dead saguaros. Native Americans used these as water containers long before the canteen was available. Comparison Compare with the Desert Bloodwood Tree of the Australian Desert.


"Which nightclub and music venue in Manchester was largely financed by the record label ""Factory Records""?"

Fac 51 Hacienda Bio, Info, Social Links, Mixes via Torrents about the club taken from wiki Fac 51 Ha�ienda (better known simply as The Ha�ienda) was a nightclub and music venue in Manchester, England. It became most famous during the "Madchester" years of the late 1980s and early 1990s; during the 1990s it was labelled the most famous club in the world by Newsweek magazine.The Ha�ienda opened in 1982, and despite considerable and persistent financial troubles survived until 1997 - during much of this time the club was mainly supported by record sales from New Order. The Ha�ienda is associated with the rise of acid house and rave music. The former warehouse occupied by the club was at 11-13, Whitworth Street West on the southside of the Rochdale Canal: the frontage was curved and built of red brick. Before it was turned into a club, the Ha�ienda was a yacht builder's shop and warehouse before becoming a Bollywood cinema in the 1970s, showing films to the local Asian community. Originally conceived by Rob Gretton, it was largely financed by the record label Factory Records and the band New Order along with label boss Tony Wilson. It was located on the corner of Whitworth Street West and Albion Street, close to Castlefield, in the centre of the city. FAC 51 was its official designation in the Factory catalogue. New Order and Tony Wilson were directors of the club. Designed by Ben Kelly, upon recommendation by Factory graphic designer Peter Saville, upstairs consisted of a stage, dance area, bar, cloakroom, cafeteria area and balcony with a DJ booth. Downstairs was a cocktail bar called 'The Gay Traitor,' which referred to Anthony Blunt, a British art historian who spied for the Soviet Union. The two other bars, 'The Kim Philby' and 'Hicks,' were named after Blunt's fellow spies. From 1995 onwards, the lower cellar areas of the venue were converted to create the 5th Man, a smaller music venue. The name comes from a slogan of the radical group Situationist International: "The Hacienda Must Be Built", from Formulary for a New Urbanism by Ivan Chtcheglov.A hacienda is a large homestead in a ranch or estate usually in places where Colonial Spanish culture has had architectural influence. Even though the cedilla is not used in Spanish, the spelling "Ha�ienda" was decided on for the club because the cedilla makes the "�i" resemble "51," the club's catalogue number. The Ha�ienda was opened on 21 May 1982 where the comedian Bernard Manning remarked to the audience, "I've played some shit-holes during my time, but this is really something."His jokes did not go down well with the crowd and he returned his fee. A wide portfolio of important 20th century musical acts appeared at the club. The Smiths performed there three times in 1983. It served as a venue for Madonna on her first performance in the United Kingdom, on 27 January 1984. She was invited to appear as part of a one-off, live television broadcast by Channel 4 music programme The Tube. Madonna performed "Holiday" whilst at The Ha�ienda and the performance was described by Norman Cook (perhaps better known as Fatboy Slim) as one that "mesmerised the crowd"." At one time the venue also included a hairdressing salon. As well as club nights there were regular concerts, including one in which Einst�rzende Neubauten drilled into the walls that surrounded the stage. In 1986, it became one of the first clubs to start playing house music, with DJs Mike Pickering (of Quando Quango and M People) and Little Martin (later with Graeme Park) hosting the visionary "Nude" night on Fridays. This night quickly became legendary, and helped to turn around the reputation and fortunes of the Ha�ienda, which went from making a consistent loss to being full every night of the week by early 1987. The growth of the 'Madchester' scene was little to do with the healthy house music scene in Manchester at the time but it was boosted by the success of the Ha�ienda's pioneering Ibiza night, "Hot", an acid house night hosted by Pickering and Jon DaSilva in July 1988. However, drug use became a problem. On July


What is the two piece costume worn in judo called?

Judogi - definition of judogi by The Free Dictionary Judogi - definition of judogi by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/judogi (Judo & Karate) a white two-piece cotton costume worn during judo contests [from Japanese] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: suit References in periodicals archive ? The shy 17-year-old looked ill at ease as she entered the arena in an ill-fitting judogi (a judoka's white robe) that appeared several sizes too big. COMMONWEALTH GAMES: GAMES DIARY Loretta says: "The first time I met Billy we were both wearing our white judogi - judo robes - at the Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.


The current US president Barack Obama has what middle name?

Why Is Obama's Middle Name Taboo? - TIME Why Is Obama's Middle Name Taboo? By       Nathan Thornburgh Thursday, Feb. 28, 2008 Barack Obama speaks at a rally in Austin, Texas, February 28, 2008. Related Follow @TIME Barack Hussein Obama, Jr.: that is the full name of the junior Senator from Illinois  neither a contrivance nor, at face value, a slur. But John McCain couldn't apologize quickly enough after Bill Cunningham, a conservative talk radio host, warmed up a Cincinnati rally with a few loaded references to "Barack Hussein Obama." Asked afterwards if it was appropriate to use the Senator's middle name, McCain said, "No, it is not. Any comment that is disparaging of either Senator Clinton or Senator Obama is totally inappropriate." The pundits were quick to applaud McCain's fatwa against the use of Hussein, and broadcasters began trying to report on the controversy without actually saying the name too much, dancing around the offending word as if they were doing a segment on The Vagina Monologues. In both cases, the word comes off as not quite illicit, but certainly a little taboo. (See pictures of Barack Obama's family tree.) So who gets to say Hussein? At the Oscars, host Jon Stewart took innuendo about as far as it can go, saying that Barack Hussein Obama running today is like a 1940's candidate named Gaydolph Titler. But that reference, served up to a crowd that presumably swoons for Obama, got laughs. So maybe the H-word is more like the N-word: you can say it, but only if you are an initiate. Blacks can use the N-word; Obama supporters can use the H-word. Obama's campaign thanked McCain's for his apology, claiming a victory for the high road. Fine. But McCain might also know that if middle names become fair game, John Sidney McCain III has his own liabilities. Recently, it has been the unmanly middle names that have caused their owners the most political trouble. In 2006, Jim Henry Webb hammered home the fact that his Virginia Senate opponent was actually George Felix Allen  a middle name that conjured up images of Felix Unger, or perhaps the real life Prince Felix of Luxemburg, either one a far cry from the tobacco-chewing good ole boy Allen styled himself as. In the last presidential election, both Bush and Kerry had middle names inherited from elite East Coast families. But Bush's middle name had much more swagger; you'll never see a TV show called Forbes, Texas Ranger. (Read "Dreams from Obama's Grandmother.") Online, the onomastics are already in high gear. Lefty bloggers, in full Obama rapture, point out that Hussein means "beautiful." One conservative observer insinuated that Obama, as a Christian with a Muslim name, might be marked for death by even our allies in the Islamic world, if they think he converted from Islam (for the record, he was never Muslim). By that ornately twisted logic, though, one might  add that it was the martyrdom of Hussein in the year 680, beheaded at Karbala in a clash with the caliphate, that gave rise to 1400 years or so of Sunni/Shi'a violence. So how on earth could Obama be a fair broker in Iraq? The real problem is that if the right wants to start a whispering campaign about the name Hussein, Obama is only helping them. By cutting short the discussion, Obama is banishing his name to the voters' subconscious, where the dark opposites of hope  bigotry and fear  can turn the word over and over again in their minds until November. The same day that Cunningham was dropping H-bombs on Cincinnati, Obama was at the Democratic debate in Cleveland, hastily accepting Hillary Clinton's assertion that she didn't order the leak of a picture of Obama wearing a turban in Kenya. "I think that's something we can set aside," he said. (Read "The Story of Barack Obama's Mother.") It was a missed opportunity. He could have explained that he has nothing to hide. Explained why there's nothing wrong with him dressing in ceremonial clothes on official visits  like batik Bill in Indonesia in 1994 or headscarf Hillary in Eritrea in 1997. Maybe even explained why his middle name is Hussein


Which 1957 treaty created the European Economic Community?

The Treaty of Rome (1957) - The history of the European Union and European Citizenship The Treaties of Rome    (1957) The signing of the       Treaties of Rome On 25th March    1957, two treaties were signed in Rome that gave birth to the    European Economic Community (EEC) and to European Atomic Energy Community    (Euratom) : the Treaties of    Rome. The signatories of the historic agreement were    Christian Pineau on behalf of France, Joseph Luns from the Netherlands, Paul    Henri Spaak from Belgium, Joseph    Bech   from Luxemburg, Antonio Segni from Italy and Konrad    Adenauer from the Federal Republic of Germany. The Treaties were ratified    by National Parliaments over the following    months and came into force on 1st January 1958. The Treaty establishing the EEC affirmed in its    preamble that signatory States were  "determined to lay the    foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe". In    this way, the member States specifically affirmed the political objective of a progressive    political integration.  In fact, the brand new institution was a customs union.    As a consequence, the EEC was    colloquially known as "Common Market". The member countries agreed to    dismantle all tariff barriers over a 12-year transitional period. In view    of the    economic success that freer commercial exchanges brought about, the transitory term    was shortened and in July 1968 all tariffs among the EEC States were    abrogated. At the    same time, a common tariff was established for all products    coming from third countries.  As a matter of fact, the common    market meant exclusively free circulation of goods. Free movement of persons, capitals and services    continued to be subject to numerous limitations. It was necessary to wait until the Single    European Act , in 1987, when    a definitive boost was given to establish a genuine unified market.    This brought about the European Union Treaty in 1992. The other essential agreement    included in the Treaty of  Rome    was the adoption of a Common    agricultural policy (CAP) .    Essentially, the CAP enacted a free market of agricultural products inside the EEC and    established protectionist    policies that guaranteed sufficient revenues to European farmers, avoiding    competition from third countries'    products by guaranteeing agricultural    prices. With the aim of financing the CAP, the European    Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF) was established in 1962. The CAP has    continued absorbing most of the community budget, and its reform has been    one of the most badly needed in recent years. The Treaty    of Rome also established the prohibition of monopolies, some transport common    policies, and the grant of some commercial    privileges to the colonial territories of the member States. The Treaty    of Rome signified the triumph of a very realistic and gradualist approach to    building the EU. This method was personified by Jean    Monnet . The failure of the CED demonstrated that tremendous obstacles    lay in the path of the final construction of a political    union. Consequently, the new strategy sought to adopt a process of    integration that gradually incorporated diverse economic sectors and that    established supranational institutions with increasingly political    competences.. The EEC from its birth was based on a series of institutions: the European    Commission ,    the European    Commission ,    the European Assembly, later known as European    Parliament , the Court    of Justice and the Economic    and Social Committee , whose competences were enlarged and modified in the diverse agreements and treaties that    succeeded the Treaty of Rome.  To sum up, a process put in motion    in which progressive economic integration was paving the way to the long    term objecti


What is the salary paid to a Church of England clergyman called?

Your Stipend Your Stipend FAQs When will my stipend be paid into my account? Your stipend will be paid into your bank account via the Bankers' Automated Clearing System (BACS) on the last working day of the month (i.e. Monday to Friday excluding bank holidays). If the date changes for any reason, we will let you know. A monthly pay statement is sent to you setting out the calculation of your payment, detailing deductions for income tax, National Insurance etc. Your statement can be accessed via My View. The statement should reach you by pay day, even if it does not, the money will be credited to your bank account on pay day. What do I do if my bank details change? Log on to MyView to change your bank details. Whenever possible, you should give us at least a month's notice of any bank changes. What is my employment status? Holders of parochial appointments are not normally employed. What about my parochial expenses? We offer a helpful guide published by the Archbishops' Council. Click here for more information regarding Parochial expenses What about income tax? As an office holder, you come within the Pay As You Earn system, where we are required by law to deduct tax from your stipend at source. Click here for more information Are there any tax-free allowances? Yes, part of your stipend may be paid free of tax and National Insurance in reimbursement of heating, lighting, cleaning and garden upkeep costs. Click here for more information regarding the HLC Scheme What about National Insurance? For national insurance purposes you are an `employed earner` and as such you are liable for Class 1 National Insurance contributions. Click here for more information What about my pension contribution? When you start on our payroll you should be automatically entered into the Church of England Pension Scheme. The scheme is a non-contributory scheme which means your funding body pays contributions on your behalf. Click here to vist the Chuch of England Pensions Board website What will my stipend be? Please contact the funding body of your stipend for confirmation of what the stipend should be - in most cases this is your diocesan board of finance. The information contained in the following pages is, to the best of our knowledge, correct at the time of publishing to the Internet, but is liable to alteration at any time due to changes in tax regulations etc. Cycle to Work Scheme. The Church Commissioners have looked at the Cycle to Work scheme for clergy but it is not something that we can offer on the central payroll. cookie policy More Church of England Sites Your Church Wedding Whether you're just dreaming of a church wedding, or well into the planning already, your church wants to help and support you. Churchcare A comprehensive resource for anyone involved in the running of a church, with a wide range of practical advice and tips. Includes shrinking the footprint. Call Waiting Encouraging gifted and committed young men and women, from all backgrounds, to consider whether God is calling them into ordained ministry. Going for Growth A spiritual challenge for every child and young person to have a life-enhancing encounter with the Christian faith. Worship Workshop WorshipWorkshop offers Church schools a way of creating engaging collective worship. Crockford's Clerical Directory Crockford's Clerical Directory, contains biographies of over 27,000 Anglican clergy, details of English, Welsh and Irish benefices and churches and more Church of England in WW1 Resources, stories and events to commemorate the anniversary of the First World War Church Legacy Church Legacy’ provides information for individuals, solicitors and parishes on how gifts in wills can make a lasting difference to your local church Church House Publishing The Archbishops' Council publishes a range of liturgy, reference and other resources under the CHP imprint. Parish Resources We support you in your stewardship, providing online guidance & resources on; finance, gift aid, preaching, fundraising & administration. Communications Training High quality media, presentation and


"Which jazz pianist and composer composed ""Ain't Misbehavin""' and ""Honeysuckle Rose""?"

Jazz Standards Songs and Instrumentals (Honeysuckle Rose) Andy Razaf   ï¿½Honeysuckle Roseï¿½ was introduced as a dance number in the 1929 revue, Load of Coal, at Connieï¿½s Inn in Harlem by its composer, Thomas ï¿½Fatsï¿½ Waller. ï¿½Honeysuckle Roseï¿½ and ï¿½ Ainï¿½t Misbehavinï¿½ ,ï¿½ also written that year for the musical revue Hot Chocolates, would become the two most enduring compositions born of the longtime collaboration of Waller and lyricist Andy Razaf. Other songs in Waller and Razafï¿½s Load of Coal score included the wistful ï¿½My Fate Is in Your Handsï¿½ and ï¿½Zonky.ï¿½ The oddly titled ï¿½Zonkyï¿½ was a song about a dance written in the spirit of ï¿½Walking the Dogï¿½ or ï¿½Balling the Jack.ï¿½ The song warns the listener ï¿½Other dances, they may come and go but when you learn the Zonky you will want it to stay.ï¿½ According to the Kennedy Centerï¿½s website page, ï¿½A Place Called Harlem,ï¿½ Connieï¿½s Inn was a Harlem speakeasy that featured song and dance revues. Found at the intersection of 131st Street and 7th Avenue it was second in popularity only to the Cotton Club. The owners eventually opened the originally segregated club to blacks who were allowed to patronize the club after the whites had gone home. Fats Waller was in good company at Connieï¿½s Inn, at least with regard to other performers which included the likes of Duke Ellington , Fletcher Henderson , and Ethel Waters .


"Who, in a poem, wrote ""Beauty is truth, truth is beauty""?"

BeautyIsTruth Beauty Is Truth What's this bit about "beauty is truth"? Is it true--or is is just poetry? It's from a poem, "Ode On A Grecian Urn," written by John Keats in May, 1819, when he was about 24. The urn is apparently decorated with a picture of a youth playing a flute in a pastoral setting and a young man chasing a young woman around the urn. She may well wish him to catch her--but the important thing is that on the urn, the music is silent and the chase, perpetual. And of course, it's worth remembering here that the function of an urn is to hold for eternity the ashes of the dead. The poem begins with some questions about the figures pictured on the urn, then moves to this statement: "Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard / Are sweeter. . . . / Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss. . . . / Forever wilt thou love and she be fair!" The poem ends with these lines, apparently addressed to the urn itself: When old age shall this generation waste,      Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe      Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st, "Beauty is truth, truth beauty,"--that is all      Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. The words in question--"beauty is truth"--appear to be uttered by the urn, as if it were some sort of oracle--or maybe in the way a shell speaks for the sea when you hold it to your ear. Unfortunately, the quotation marks appeared in the first published edition, in 1820, but not in any of five other reproductions of the poem made in that year. So no one seems to know now whether the quoted words are spoken by the urn and the rest by Keats or a persona, or whether the persona speaks all of the words. Nor is there much agreement as to whether the lines express a universal truth--or are just poetic blather. Keats himself apparently never explained his intentions. He died of tuberculosis in 1821, only about eight years after beginning his career as a poet. The portrait below was made shortly before he died. Oh, one more thing:  The predecessor to this web page is a sheet of paper on my college office door bearing a picture of a Grecian urn and the last two lines of Keats' poem--"'Beauty is truth, truth beauty,'--that is all / Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know."  There's also my own question, "Is this so--or is it just poetry?" I taped the paper to my door around 1990, after learning that several of my English department colleagues had lied to destroy another teacher's reputation and had falsified official college records and perjured themselves in a lawsuit.  Over the years the paper has been on my door, a number of persons have added their own comments, some ugly, some lovely.  My favorite of all is one where the contributor crossed out my word "poetry" and wrote in "pottery."  Terrific! (You know, beauty is skin deep, but lovely comes from the heart.  How could it be other than true?)   Several other notable personages have made pronouncements about truth and beauty. Here are a few I've found interesting or amusing. First, let's have a few equations that may be axiomatic:   Beauty           (yes??? if so, what about the others?) Next, a conundrum of sorts: "The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound statement." --Niels Bohr (Laurence J. Peter, Peter's Quotations, New York: Bantam Books, Inc., 1977, 500.) Compare that with this, which I heard in an episode of the PBS biography of Robert Oppenheimer. (I'm not positive I've got it verbatim, but pretty sure of the terms"shallow" and "deep." ) SHALLOW TRUTH--has as its contrary that the opposite is false. DEEP TRUTH--when true has an opposite which may also at least in part be true. Bohr and Oppenheimer were physicists. Their work was important in developing the atomic bomb. :


What is the name of the fluid that surrounds the embryo in the womb?

The Purpose of Amniotic Fluid and Amniotic Sac | Health & Safety | Babies Online Baby, Pregnancy, and Parenting Information The Purpose of Amniotic Fluid and Amniotic Sac What is amniotic fluid and what is it’s purpose? Also referred to as the “bag of waters”, the most pregnant women generally know about it is that about the time labor begins their amniotic sac will break, or be broken by their midwife or doctor , causing the start of the delivery process. They don’t however know what its purpose is during a pregnancy. The amniotic fluid is the clear, slightly yellowish fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds the baby in the uterus. The baby grows in this amniotic sac, surrounded by the amniotic fluid, as he learns to move his limbs, open his eyes and breathe. Amniotic fluid levels generally sit at approximately 800ml through most of the pregnancy, dropping slightly in most cases to about 600ml by the time a woman reaches the 40 week mark . The amniotic fluid has many purposes. It helps to cushion hard blows and jolts to your belly to protect the baby and it allows your baby the freedom to move while permitting symmetrical musculoskeletal development. It also maintains an even temperature so that your baby does not get too hot or too cold, even if you are extremely hot or cold. Amniotic fluid also helps your baby develop his lungs. While in the womb your baby practices breathing by breathing in and out the water in the amniotic sac. The baby swallows and inhales the amniotic fluid and replaces the volume in the amniotic sac by urinating and exhaling the liquid. In some cases, a woman may have too much or too little amniotic fluid. Having too much is called polyhydramnios and having too little is called oligohydramnios. In either case, a woman might be watched more closely by her physician throughout her pregnancy. Do you know your baby's birth stone? Birth Flower? How about when you'll be handing over the car keys? Check out our popular Fun Birthday Facts Calculator to discover fun trivia about your baby's birth or due date! What is your due date or baby's birthday Test


Tugela Falls | waterfall, South Africa | Britannica.com Tugela Falls Barra Kunda Falls Tugela Falls, series of cataracts in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa . The falls are located near the source of the Tugela River in the Drakensberg mountains and are situated within Royal Natal National Park. Tugela Falls ranks among the world’s highest, with an uninterrupted leap of 1,350 feet (411 metres) and a total drop of 3,110 feet (947 metres). Tugela Falls in Royal Natal National Park, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. © Matej Hudovernik/Shutterstock.com KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, occupying the southeastern portion of the country. It is bounded to the north by Swaziland and Mozambique, to the east by the Indian Ocean, to the south by Eastern Cape province, to the west by Lesotho and Free State province, and to the northwest by Mpumalanga province.... Tugela River principal river of KwaZulu/Natal province, South Africa. It rises as a stream on the 10,000-foot- (3,050-metre-) high Mont-aux-Sources plateau near the merger point of the Lesotho–Free State province borders. Its upper course, which lies within Royal Natal National Park, flows through the... 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles Assorted Reference geological development  (in river: Waterfalls ) External Links Tugela Falls - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11) Tugela Falls is one of the highest waterfalls in the world and the highest waterfall in Africa. It is located on the Tugela River in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province. Tugela Falls is 3,110 feet (948 meters) high. Only Angel Falls (3,212 feet; 979 meters) in Venezuela is higher. Tugela Falls and Tugela River get their name from the isiZulu word thukela. It means "something that startles." Tugela Falls - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The highest waterfall in Africa, and one of the highest on Earth, is Tugela Falls. It is located on the Tugela River in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Tugela Falls is 3,110 feet (948 meters) high. The falls and the river get their name from the isiZulu (Zulu language) word thukela. It means "something that startles." Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: October 11, 2016 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Tugela-Falls Access Date: January 17, 2017 Share


TimeRef - Medieval and Middle Ages History Timelines - ALFRED (The Great, King of Wessex 871-899) ALFRED (The Great, King of Wessex 871-899) ALFRED (The Great, King of Wessex 871-899) ALFRED (The Great, King of Wessex 871-899)  Born King of Wessex from 871 to 899 The youngest son lfred the Great, King of Wessex from 871 to 899, is probably the most famous of the Saxon kings because a large amount of information was written about him. His life was documented by a Bishop called Asser, but this account may not be entirely true. Alfred was the sixth child of Aethelwulf. He had four elder brothers (Athelstan, Athelbald, Aethelbert and Aethelred) and one elder sister Athelswith. Alfred visited Rome twice when he was child to spend time at the court of Pope Leo IV and at the Frankish court of Charles the Bald. The foreign courts he visited may have been the model on which he based his own court when king. Alfred's elder brothers became kings of Wessex in succession after the death of their father. Viking Invasions Aethelred became king of Wessex in 865 and Alfred became his deputy. In 868 Alfred and Aethelred assisted the King of Mercia whose lands were being attacked by the Danes. Aethelred and Alfred fought the Danes in a series of battles in 870 and 871 defeating the Danes at Ashdown but losing subsequent battles. During one of these battles Aethelred was wounded and died of his injuries. Although Aethelred had sons they were too young to rule and so Alfred succeeded his elder brother as King of Wessex. Alfred's army was no match for the invaders so he came to an agreement and paid them to leave his territories in peace, The Marshes Alfred's peace with the Danes lasted until 878 when a Viking army led by Guthrum attacked Alfred's court at Chippenham in the middle of winter. The Saxons were dispersed into marshes around Athelney where they could hide and regroup. Alfred began a period of guerrilla warfare against the Danes from his base in the marshes. The story of Alfred and the burnt cakes probably took place while Alfred was in hiding from the Danes and while he was in disguise. Alfred built up an army including men from Somerset and Wiltshire and arranged for them to meet at Selwood. The large army was then able to overpower the Danes at the battle of Edington. After the battle Guthrum, the leader of the Danes, agreed to be baptised as a Christian by Alfred and agreed to a peace treaty. Reorganisation After the battle of Edington, although there were smaller raids by the Danes, Wessex moved into a period of relative peace that lasted for the remainder of his reign. Alfred set about creating a series of fortified villages known as burhs. He created a standing army and ensured there were smaller forces of men to provide support at a local level. He also created a small navy. Learning Alfred dedicated a lot of time to improving his own knowledge and the knowledge of his people. He organised the translation of many works of literature from Latin. He was involved with the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (Click here to see the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle index page), ordering copies to be made and their distribution to major abbeys. When Alfred died his son Edward became King of Wessex. Family Tree Details


"Who, in a play, wrote 'The truth is rarely pure, and never simple""?"

In The Importance of Being Earnest, what does the following quote mean?  "The truth is rarely pure and never simple." | eNotes In The Importance of Being Earnest, what does the following quote mean?  "The truth is rarely pure and never simple." belarafon | High School Teacher | (Level 2) Educator Emeritus Posted on March 20, 2012 at 12:32 AM The Importance of Being Earnest is Oscar Wilde's most famous play, and a modern comedy of manners. Since Wilde was both a satirist and a master writer, although not a linguist; he was known for puns and epigrams (short, memorable statements). The full context for the quote is as follows: JACK: My dear Algy, I don't know whether you will be able to understand my real motives. ...in order to get up to town I have always pretended to have a younger brother of the name of Ernest, who lives in the Albany, and gets into the most dreadful scrapes. That, my dear Algy, is the whole truth pure and simple. ALGERNON: The truth is rarely pure and never simple. Modern life would be very tedious if it were either, and modern literature a complete impossibility! JACK: That wouldn't be at all a bad thing. (Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest, eNotes eText) Because most of the play involves the various lies and deceits told by the protagonists, any expression of the truth is suspect. While they do not see their small lies as being harmful, both discover that their own small lies echo larger ones told by their peers and society as a whole. Truth in their eyes is entirely malleable; Algernon remarks that "modern life would be tedious" if truth were either pure or simple, showing that he finds joy in small deceits. Jack, however, says that the absence of "modern literature" would be somewhat a good thing, echoing Wilde's own sentiments. Essentially, the quote refers to the small nuances of truth; most "truth" is only true as far as it is verifiable, and much truth is only opinion. Algernon says correctly that truth is never simple, as most of it always requires explanation of the deeper layers, and the purity of truth is always suspect. Sources:


"Which jazz pianist and composer 1917-1982 composed ""Round Midnight"" and ""Criss Cross""?"

A History of Jazz Music A history of Jazz Music TM, ®, Copyright © 2005 Piero Scaruffi . All rights reserved. All photographs are property of the label/agency that provided them (These are excerpts from my book "A History of Jazz Music" ) Bebop pianists TM, ®, Copyright © 2003 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. Just like the saxophone revolution had obscured the double-bass revolution during the swing era, the bebop revolution in playing saxophone and trumpet obscured the revolution in playing the piano. However, it was probably the piano that benefited the most from bebop's harmonic freedom. Once the rhythm section had been opened up, the piano regained the prominence that it had in classical music. Thelonious Monk was not only the most cerebral pianist to enter the history of jazz music but also the greatest composer of the bebop era. Epistrophy (1942) and the immortal Round about Midnight (1944) were composed for the orchestra of Cootie Williams, I Mean You (1946) for Coleman Hawkins' band. 52nd Street Theme (june 1945) became a classic of bebop when it was recorded by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. At the same time that his compositions were leaving a mark on the transition from swing to bebop, his piano style (in Coleman Hawkins' band that he had joined in 1944) was confusing the audience. It was a style that sounded outside the jazz tradition, not only eccentric but also laconic, almost counterproductive in the way it emphasized the pauses instead of the rhythm, and clustered chords instead of linear development. His recordings of his own compositions established a higher musical standard than jazz music was used to: Humph (october 1947), based on George Gershwin's I Got Rhythm, and Thelonious (october 1947), that exhibits an almost classical geometry while employing both silence and dissonance, for a piano sextet (Idrees Sulieman on trumpet, Danny Quebec West on alto sax, Billy Smith on tenor sax, Gene Ramey on bass, Art Blakey on drums); Well You Needn't (october 1947), Off Minor (october 1947) and the tender ballad Ruby My Dear (october 1947) for a trio (with Art Blakey on drums); the ballad Monk's Mood (november 1947) for a trumpet-sax-piano quintet; Evidence (july 1948) and the bluesy Misterioso (july 1948) for a piano-based quartet with Milt Jackson on vibraphone. Monk's art was a calibrated balance of deconstruction and estrangement techniques. On one hand, one could still hear elements of stride jazz, boogie-woogie, blues, even nursery rhymes, although they were diluted in an anarchic patchwork of overtones. On the other hand, the listener was disoriented by the fragile, naked ambiguity of the music. That ambiguity would disappear if one could only appreciate the hidden orchestral quality of Monk's piano playing. A piano-based quintet with Jackson on vibraphone, Sahib Shihab on alto sax, Blakey on drums, yielded the romantic ballad Ask Me Now (july 1951), the blues Straight No Chaser (july 1951), Four in One (july 1951) and Criss Cross (july 1951). A quintet with French horn player Julius Watkins, Sonny Rollins on tenor sax, Percy Heath on bass, was immortalized on the album Thelonious Monk and Sonny Rollins (november 1953) with Friday the 13th (1953) and Think of One (1953), based on an ostinato trick similar to Thelonious. Hackensack (may 1954) and Locomotive (may 1954), with a 20-bar chorus, were due to a quintet of trumpet, tenor sax, piano, drums and bass. In the piano-trio format favored by his friend Bud Powell, Monk sculpted Bemsha Swing (december 1952), the Caribbean-sounding Monk's Dream (october 1952), Nutty (september 1954), Blue Monk (september 1954) and the dissonant Work (september 1954). Max Roach drummed on the first one, Blakey on all the others. In the meantime, jazz music had entered the age of the album. his first solo album, Thelonious Monk (1954) offered solo-piano versions of his early classics, including Eronel (1951) and Reflections (1953). After two albums of covers, Monk was allowed to make the album that he was capable of, Brilliant Corners (october 1956), a set of com


In which country are the Masurian Lakes?

The Great Masurian Lakes - Lonely Planet The Great Masurian Lakes Books Welcome to The Great Masurian Lakes The Great Masurian Lake district (Kraina Wielkich Jezior Mazurskich), east of Olsztyn, is a verdant land of rolling hills dotted with countless lakes, healthy little farms, scattered tracts of forest and small towns. The district is centred on Lake Śniardwy (114 sq km), Poland’s largest lake, and Lake Mamry and its adjacent waters (an additional 104 sq km). Over 15% of the area is covered by water and another 30% by... Read More Top experiences in The Great Masurian Lakes Launch map view


Which blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs?

How the Heart Works - NHLBI, NIH How the Heart Works Share this page from the NHLBI on Blogger. Share this page from the NHLBI on Buzz. Share this page from the NHLBI on Delicious. Share this page from the NHLBI on Digg. Share this page from the NHLBI on Facebook. Add this link to the NHLBI to my browser. Email this page with Gmail. Bookmark this page with Google. Share this page from the NHLBI on LinkedIn. Share this page from the NHLBI on Messenger. Share this page from the NHLBI on MySpace. Share this page from         the NHLBI on Reddit. Share this page from the NHLBI on Stumble. Share this page from the NHLBI on Tumblr. Share this page from the NHLBI on Twitter. How the Heart Works To understand congenital heart defects, it's helpful to know how a healthy heart works. Your child's heart is a muscle about the size of his or her fist. The heart works like a pump and beats 100,000 times a day. The heart has two sides, separated by an inner wall called the septum. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The left side of the heart receives the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body. The heart has four chambers and four valves and is connected to various blood vessels. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood from the body to the heart. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body. A Healthy Heart Cross-Section The illustration shows a cross-section of a healthy heart and its inside structures. The blue arrow shows the direction in which oxygen-poor blood flows from the body to the lungs. The red arrow shows the direction in which oxygen-rich blood flows from the lungs to the rest of the body. Heart Chambers The heart has four chambers or "rooms." The atria (AY-tree-uh) are the two upper chambers that collect blood as it flows into the heart. The ventricles (VEN-trih-kuhls) are the two lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart to the lungs or other parts of the body. Heart Valves Four valves control the flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles and from the ventricles into the two large arteries connected to the heart. The tricuspid (tri-CUSS-pid) valve is in the right side of the heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The pulmonary (PULL-mun-ary) valve is in the right side of the heart, between the right ventricle and the entrance to the pulmonary artery. This artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs. The mitral (MI-trul) valve is in the left side of the heart, between the left atrium and the left ventricle. The aortic (ay-OR-tik) valve is in the left side of the heart, between the left ventricle and the entrance to the aorta. This artery carries blood from the heart to the body. Valves are like doors that open and close. They open to allow blood to flow through to the next chamber or to one of the arteries. Then they shut to keep blood from flowing backward. When the heart's valves open and close, they make a "lub-DUB" sound that a doctor can hear using a stethoscope. The first sound—the "lub"—is made by the mitral and tricuspid valves closing at the beginning of systole (SIS-toe-lee). Systole is when the ventricles contract, or squeeze, and pump blood out of the heart. The second sound—the "DUB"—is made by the aortic and pulmonary valves closing at the beginning of diastole (di-AS-toe-lee). Diastole is when the ventricles relax and fill with blood pumped into them by the atria. Arteries The arteries are major blood vessels connected to your heart. The pulmonary artery carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to pick up a fresh supply of oxygen. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to the body. The coronary arteries are the other important arteries attached to the heart. They carry oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to the heart muscle, which must have its own blood supply to function. Veins The veins also are major blood vessels connected to your heart. The pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left


Which artist described some of his paintings as nocturnes and symphonies?

Whistler and Music—Ieva Jokubaviciute, piano | Podcasts | Freer and Sackler Galleries Whistler and Music—Ieva Jokubaviciute, piano This concert, by the young Lithuanian-born pianist Ieva Jokubaviciute, was recorded as part of the Bill and Mary Meyer Concert Series at the Freer Gallery of Art on March 4, 2004. PROGRAM Preludes, Book I (1904–1910)      Les sons et les parfums tournent dans l'air du soir      La fille aux cheveax de lin      Des pas sur la neige      L'Île Joyheuse Nocturne in E-flat Minor, op. 55, no. 2 (1842–44) Nocturne in C Minor, op. 48, no. 1 (1841) Ballade no. 3 in A-flat Major, op. 47 (1841) NOTES ON THE PROGRAM Whistler and Music "Nature contains the elements, in color and form, of all pictures, as the keyboard contains the notes of all music." —James McNeill Whistler, "Ten O'Clock Lecture" February 20, 1885 American expatriate painter, printmaker, and polemicist James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903) is occasionally described as an impressionist, a term applied not only to a group of nineteenth-century painters but also to "painterly" French music of the time. Whistler was friendly with several of the impressionist painters and sometimes exhibited with them, but he did not ally himself with the group and sometimes scoffed at the term. Although Whistler shared the impressionists' interest in depicting urban settings, he differed sharply from the group in his aesthetic philosophy and move toward abstraction. Whistler used musical terms in his paintings' titles: symphonies, arrangements, harmonies, nocturnes. According to his friend and fellow artist Mortimer Menpes, however, Whistler "had no sense of music, absolutely none." Whistler himself stated that "it is an accident that I happened upon terms used in music." He was, though, familiar with philosophical arguments maintaining that music was the highest art form, since it escaped the concrete imagery produced by language. By appropriating music, Whistler suggested that the people, places, and things in his paintings were unimportant accidents. The only part that really mattered was the effectiveness with which he organized color and line into a harmonious and therefore beautiful whole. Whistler fully embraced the idea of "art for art's sake." He thought that art should "stand alone, and appeal to the artistic sense of eye or ear, without confounding this with emotions entirely foreign to it." Formal considerations were more important than narrative content; Whistler wanted his public to attend to the painting itself. His abstract musical titles helped him achieve this aesthetic focus and satisfy his provocative nature. Although Whistler was not musical himself, he was surrounded by music from an early age. His sister, Deborah Whistler Haden, is said to have studied with Clara Schumann; in one of Whistler's most important early paintings, At the Piano (1859, Taft Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio), he shows his sister seated at the piano in her London home. And in the 1890s Whistler was an important member of the French symbolist poet Stéphane Mallarmé's "Tuesdays," weekly gatherings in Paris where he was in contact with Claude Debussy. —Kenneth Myers Debussy's Preludes Of all the composers whose work was performed in this concert (including Franz Schubert and Gabriel Fauré, who are not featured in the podcast), Claude Debussy (1862–1918) is the only one to have had firsthand knowledge of Whistler's art. Both Debussy and Whistler frequented the poet Stéphane Mallarmé's Tuesday-evening gatherings in Paris. A great admirer of Whistler's work, Debussy was said to have owned some of the artist's prints, and was even dubbed by the symbolist group as "the Whistler of music." After traveling to London to see an exhibition that included several of Whistler's nocturnes, Debussy immediately set to work on three nocturnes for solo violin and orchestra. In 1894 Debussy wrote the following, in true Whistlerian vocabulary, to violinist Eugene Ysaÿe about the work, which he eventually abandoned: "It is rather an exploration of the different arrangements which color can produc


Bathophobia is an irrational fear of what?

What is Bathophobia? What is Bathophobia? written by: Rene Wolf      • edited by: Paul Arnold      • updated: 11/13/2010 Bathophobia is the irrational fear of depths. The cause is not often known, however the symptoms and treatments resemble those associated with more recognized phobias. slide 1 of 6 Bathophobia is an irrational and overwhelming fear of depth. The person suffering with this phobia may experience intense fear when they encounter an area with an unknown depth such as a long hallway, wells, mountain valleys and/or deep bodies of water. The person with extreme symptoms of bathophobia may become overwhelmed or extremely anxious in situations such as being near a swimming pool. The fear will often become so overwhelming that it begins to interfere with daily activities including personal relationships, employment and school. slide 2 of 6 Cause The exact cause of bathophobia, like the majority of phobias, is unknown. However, phobias are generally the result of a traumatic experience the person experienced at some point in their life, usually at an early age. With bathophobia, the individual may have had an accident that occurred near or in deep water or may have witnessed someone who drowned or nearly drowned. As the result of the “depth" of water being unknown, the person may associate the fear of depth to any place that appears deep, such as a body of water, a well or a mountain valley. slide 3 of 6 Symptoms The symptoms of bathophobia vary among each person who is suffering with this phobia. In some cases, the person will begin to feel uncomfortable, become nauseated and/or perspire, when confronted with their fear. Someone with a severe phobia may experience panic and/or anxiety attacks that can become severe. Symptoms of bathophobia can include feeling dizzy, rapid heartbeat, intense trembling, tightness of muscles, hyperventilation, breathing difficulties, a feeling of losing control, feeling trapped, a feeling of the inability to escape the situation and an intense feeling of the possibility of disaster occurring. slide 4 of 6 Diagnosis The majority of people who suffer with bathophobia recognize their fear as irrational when it begins to interfere with the functions of life on a daily basis. For example, if there is a well in front of the individual's home, they will begin to use a different route to exit the residence; parking their vehicle at the back of the property and leaving through the back door to avoid walking past the well. The person with bathophobia may discuss their symptoms with a family physician; however the physician may not recognize the symptoms as a phobia and will run a variety of tests prior to recommending the person to a mental health specialist. slide 5 of 6 Treatment The primary treatment for bathophobia is a form therapy known as exposure or desensitization therapy. When undergoing exposure therapy the person is gradually exposed to the phobia that causes their fear. The purpose of exposure therapy is through the gradual exposure the person will eventually conquer their fear. For example, as bathophobia is a fear of depth, the individual will gradually be introduced to a depth related trigger, such as watching a video of the ocean. When they are comfortable with this they may be driven beside a body of water or walk beside it. Eventually they may be able to physically walk in the body of water without experiencing their symptoms of fear. Some individuals may opt for hypnotherapy or self-help techniques to cope with the phobia. Medications may be prescribed in severe cases as a means of helping the person cope with their symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. More information regarding medications for symptoms of anxiety can found in the article, medications for OCD, MDD and anxiety . Support groups are also often beneficial, as the group helps the person to recognize they are not the only one with a fear or phobia. Relaxation and breathing techniques are also beneficial for some as an effective way of coping with stress, anxiety and depression associated with the


Which European country's flag consists of three horizontal bands of red, white and red?

Austria Flag, Flag of Austria Quiz on national flags Austria Flag The second-oldest flag in use at least since 1230, the Austrian Flag comprises three equal bands of red, white and red respectively from top to bottom. Flag of Austria Disclaimer Close Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited, its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. The national flag of Austria consists of three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red. The red and white pattern on the Austria Flag is symbolic of the bloodstained white coat worn by the Duke of Austria during a gruesome battle. The Austrian flag originated when Duke Friedrich II wanted Austria to become more independent of the Roman Empire so he adopted the red-white-red flag in 1230. The current version of the Austrian flag was adopted on April 27, 1984. Official Name: The Republic of Austria Proportion: 2:3 Adopted on: 1230 Location: Central Europe bordered by the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland and Liechtenstein Capital City: Vienna Major Cities: Graz, Salsburg, Innsbruck, Zwettl Area: 32,377 square miles


According to Exodus, which migrating flocks of birds supplied food for the lsraelites in the wilderness?

The Miracles on the Desert Journey to Sinai The Miracles on the Desert Journey to Sinai   Previous    Exodus Lessons List   Next Lord of our every need: How gently You escorted Israel on her courtship journey through the desert wilderness, feeding her manna from heaven and quenching her thirst with water from the rock.� You provided for the Israelites' every need, all the while teaching them to trust You, to rely upon You, and to be obedient to Your commands.� With the same covenant faithfulness You continue to guide the New Israel, the virgin Bride of Your Son, Jesus Christ, feeding Your New Covenant people the spiritual food of Your Son's Body and Blood, the necessary nourishment for the journey to salvation.� We thank You and praise You, Lord, for your faithfulness and we submit ourselves to Your commands as we obediently and thankfully receive the spiritual and eternal blessings that the first generation of the Old Covenant Church only hoped to receive.� Guide us now, Lord, as we study Israel's journey to holy nationhood.� We pray in the name of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.� Amen. + + + He split the sea and brought them through, made the waters stand up like a dam; he led them with a cloud by day, and all night with the light of a fire; he split rocks in the desert, let them drink as though from the limitless depths; he brought forth streams from a rock, made waters flow down in torrents. [..].� Even so he gave orders to the skies above, he opened the sluice-gates of heaven; he rained down manna to feed them, he gave them the wheat of heaven; mere mortals ate the bread of the Mighty, he sent them as much food as they could want.� He roused an east wind in the heavens, dispatched a south wind by his strength; he rained down meat on them like dust, birds thick as sand on the seashore, tumbling into the middle of his camp, all around his dwelling-place. � Psalm 78:13-14 , 23-28). They asked and he brought them quails, food from heaven to their hearts' content; he opened a rock, the waters gushed out, and flowed in dry ground as a river.� Psalm 105:40-41 I want you to be quite certain, brothers, that our ancestors all had the cloud over them and all passed through the sea.� In the cloud and in the sea they were all baptized into Moses; all ate the same spiritual food and all drank the same spiritual drink, since they drank from the spiritual rock which followed them, and that rock was Christ. 1 Corinthians 10:1-4 At the crossing of the Yam Suph God defended Israel and battled the Egyptians using the elements of the natural world to gain His victory.� He used water, wind, rain, thunder and lightening in a storm that terrified the Egyptians and doomed their army when the waters of the Yam Suph closed over them ( Ps 77:16-18 ).� God did this mighty work within site the cultic shrine of the Canaanite storm-god Baal ( Ex 14:1 , 9 ), once again showing the peoples of Egypt and the Levant that their false gods were powerless and Yahweh is the One, True, God ( Ex 14:4 , 18 ).( 1 ) At every stage of the journey out of Egypt to the rendezvous point at Mt. Sinai, God demonstrated His covenant love and His protection of Israel. In this courtship journey the Israelites learned to trust God to provide for their needs, and they learned to be obedient to God's commands. Works of God on the courtship journey to the rendezvous at Mt. Sinai: The miracle of the pillar of cloud and fire. The parting of the Yam Suph and God's victory over the   Egyptian army. The sweetening of the bitter water at Marah. The miracle of the quails. The miracle of the manna, bread from heaven. The miracle of the life-giving water from the rock. The defeat of the Amalekites at Rephidim. Please read Exodus 16:1-5: More Complaints and Yahweh's Promise 16:1Setting out from Elim the whole community of Israelites entered the desert of Sin, lying between Elim and Sinai on the fifteenth day of the second month after they had left Egypt. 2And the whole community of Israelites began complaining about Moses and Aaron in the desert 3and said to them,


Which British rider won the World Superbike championship four times in the 1990s?

Superbike World Championship 2013 - Malaysian (-0.20) Superbike World Championship 2013 Two time Superbike World Champion, the Italian Max Biaggi has retired from the sport leaving no defending champion in this years event. The 2013 Superbike World Championship will be the 26th edition of the hugely popular motor cycling competition, with 15 rounds and, therefore, 30 points-scoring races scheduled to occur between 24 February and 17 November. Two-time Superbike World Championship winner Max Biaggi has retired after moving than 20 years as a professional motor cyclist so the 2013 competition will not feature the 2012 champion. Indeed, Carlos Checa is the only former Superbike World Championship winner among this year’s participants. The Superbike World Championship differs from MotoGP in a number of ways, the most significant of which is that the motor cycles that Superbike World Championship competitors ride are tuned versions of machines that are available for purchase by members of the public. MotoGP participants ride purpose-built motor cycles that are not for sale. So think about it like this: MotoGP is similar to Formula One and the Superbike World Championship is similar to F V8 Supercars . Carl Fogarty is the most successful rider in Superbike World Championship history, with the British motor cyclist winning the title four times – 1994, 1995, 1998 and 1999. Checa won the 2011 Superbike World Championship on a score of 505 points, 110 more than Marco Melandri. Checa won 15 of the 26 races two years ago, only missing the podium five times. Most Competitive Market In Years Checa is not the 2013 Superbike World Championship favourite going into the first race that will take place in Australia at Philip Island off the coast of Melbourne. Bookmakers are offering odds of around 15-2 that the Spaniard rider becomes the ninth man to win multiple Superbike World Championships. In the absence of Biaggi, bookmakers are expecting a battle featuring not only the two motor cyclists who went so close to beating the Italian last season – Melandri and Tom Sykes – but also Checa, Eugene Laverty, Jonathan Rea, Sylvain Guintoli and Leon Camier. They think that the 2013 Superbike World Championship could be the most competitive ever. Melandri is the 2013 Superbike World Championship market leader at odds of around 9-4, with Sykes (around 11-4), Checa (around 15-2), Laverty (around 8-1), Rea (around 9-1), Guintoli (around 14-1) and Camier (around 16-1) rounding out what bookmakers think are the most magnificent seven. Melandri And Sykes Too Short In Betting One can understand how bookmakers have decided that Melandri is the 2013 Superbike World Championship favourite. The Italian scored more points per completed race than any participant in last year’s competition. Melandri racked up 328.5 points in 20 completed races for an average of 16.43, which was superior to that of Biaggi (14.92), Sykes (14.90), Checa (13.69) and everyone else who lined up on the grid. However, Melandri is something of a nearly man. The Italian has been racing in major competitions since 1997 but he has only one title to his credit – what is now known as Moto2 in 2002 – so he does not make all that much appeal at odds of around 9-4. That Melandri managed to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory in the 2012 Superbike World Championship has to be a concern to anyone considering backing him in 2013. Sykes won only four of the 27 races contested during the 2012 Superbike World Championship – two fewer than Melandri, one fewer than Biaggi and the same number as Checa. Last year was the one in which the Englishman made a big name for himself after finishing no higher than ninth in the previous four seasons. Sykes could go one better in 2013 than he did in 2012 but, at the prices, he is not the pick of the bunch. Former Champion The Early Value Checa is the value 2013 Superbike World Championship betting option before the competition gets under way in Australia. The Spaniard has been there, seen it and done it, which is going to count for a lot in this year’s field. P


Nephophobia is the irrational fear of what?

Nephophobia - the exaggerated or irrational concern of clouds | Phobia Source Home » Phobia List , Phobias Nephophobia – the exaggerated or irrational concern of clouds The prefix nepho- is derived from the Greek phrase nephos that means ‘cloud’. Clouds in the sky and even cloud photos may cause extreme anxiety. Nephophobia may need been a result from a traumatic event or it is heredity or genetics. Many phobias will be traced back from a triggering event, usually a traumatic experience at a young age. It can be believed that heredity, genetics, and brain chemistry mix with life-experiences to play a significant role within the development of phobias. Symptoms of Nephophobia The checklist of indicators and symptoms mentioned in numerous sources for Nephophobia contains the 11 symptoms listed below: * Irrational worry of


What was the name of the goldsmith, among whose works were the Imperial Russian family Easter eggs?

Fabergé, Goldsmith to the Crown - Iconic Works at The Met NY | The Culture Concept Circle The objects on display at The Met Museum include works from the collections of Matilda Geddings Gray ( New Orleans Museum of Art ), India Early Minshall ( Cleveland Museum of Art ), Lillian Thomas Pratt ( Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond) , Marjorie Merriweather Post (Hillwood Museum, Washington, DC) and Malcolm S. Forbes (The Forbes Galleries, New York). Nine eggs and approximately 180 other items from the House of Faberge, founded by Carl’s father Gustav, were once owned by Malcolm Forbes of the Forbes magazine dynasty in the largest set of Faberge items outside the Russian Kremlin. His heirs were set to auction the collection with Sotheby’s in 2004 but oligarch Victor Vekselberg bought the whole collection before the sale started. Vekselberg is estimated to have paid between $90 and $120 million (£57.7 and £77m). WOW... Kate Hudson at the 69th Venice International Film Festival The most stunning works in the show come from a sophisticated collector, Louisiana heiress and philanthropist Matilda Geddings Gray, who amassed 57 rare pieces highlighted by three Russian Imperial Easter Eggs at a time when the name Fabergé was virtually unknown in the USA, have attracted much attention over the past two years. Fond of travel, she first encountered the works of Fabergé at the Chicago World Fair of 1933 and was inspired to go on a quest to find more. After Matilda Geddings Gray died in 1971, her outstanding collection passed to the foundation that she had established, with the stipulation that a broader public should always be able to enjoy it. An interesting aspect of the show at The Met Museum will be towards the end when they will display forgeries of Fabergé made by those attempting to cash in on their value at a time when passions ran high and high status collectors were reaching for the stars. Long after the death of the famous jeweler in 1920, the first boutique in the U.S. of Fabergé opened on Madison Avenue at New York in March 2012. Hollywood actress Kate Hudson, looking absolutely fabulous, chose to wear jewelry from their Les Fabuleuses collection to the premier of the film “The Reluctant Fundamentalist and Opening ceremony of the the 69th Venice International Film Festival at Palazzo del Cinema 2012 at Venice in Italy A good proportion of Peter Carl Fabergé’s original work was based on the revival of pre revolutionary French style of decoration, inspired by the jewellery of the ancien regime. Eros,  or Cupid the God of Love figured largely in his works. Cupid is revealed subduing a phoenix on a splendid gold and pink guilloche enameled lid of a circular nephrite box produced in the Louis XV or so-called Rococo style. The symbolism is love revived, since the mythical phoenix has traditionally been associated with hope and renewal, which is it seems what the House of Fabergé today is all about. Apprenticed as a young man to his father’s atelier at Saint Petersburg, Peter Carl Fabergé took it over in 1872. He transformed it into one of the most successful jewellery companies in the world, which at the peak of its success employed some five hundred artisans and designers. Coronation Egg 1897 Easter gift to Alexandra, workmasters Michael Perchin & Henrik Wigström Given access to the amazing collection of ancient gold jewellery pieces housed in the Russian Museum, The Hermitage during the 1870’s, Fabergé set his people to work cataloging, repairing and restoring many of its precious resources of ancient jewellery. In the process they discovered the secrets of the ancient goldsmiths and began re-producing pieces, using their techniques as well as replicas of some of the most famous of the ancient pieces yet found. Many of these had originally been unearthed in southern Italy at Herculaneum since 1738 and at Pompeii from 1748 having been buried by the resultant flow and ash from the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD The Russian goldsmith was an eclectic genius and great visionary. His firm came to the attention of the Czar and the I


Who succeeded Nehru as the second Prime Minister of India?

List of Prime Ministers of India From 1947 Till Date You are here: Home 2008 November List of Prime Ministers of India From 1947 Till Date List of Prime Ministers of India From 1947 Till Date Posted on 28th November 2008 | 67 Comments India became an ‘Independent’ country on 15th August 1947. The Following is a List of the Prime Ministers of India From 1947 Till Date:-  The 1st / First Prime Minsiter of Independent India: PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU, (Born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh on 14th November 1889 and Died in New Delhi on 27th May 1964, at the age of 74 years) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru of the Indian National Congress /INC had been the 1st/first Prime Minister of India from 15th August 1947 To 27th May 1964 continuously for 17 years for more than 4full terms. Jawaharlal Nehru is one of the ‘Founder-Members’ of the “Indian National Congress”./INC. Jawaharlal Nehru died during his 4th term of his tenure as the Prime Minister of India. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was conferred on with India’s highest civilian award-the ‘Bharat Ratna’ in the year 1955. After the death of the 1st / Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri succeeded him as the 2nd /second Prime Minister of India. The 1st/First Interim Prime Minister of India: Mr. GULZARILAL NANDA, (Born in Sialkot (now in Pakistan) on 4th  July 1898 and died on  15th  January 1998 at the age of 99 years), Gulzarilal Nanda had been the 1st / first Interim Prime Minister of India from 27th May 1964 To 9th June1964 for 14 days, after the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, until Lal Bahadur Shastri was selected as the 2nd/second Prime Minister of India. Mr. Gulzarilal Nanda had also  been the 2nd/second “Interim Prime Minister” of India, after  Lal Bahadur Shastri died on 11th January 1966, for 14 days from 11th January 1966 To 24th January 1966, until Mrs.Indira Gandhi was selected as the Third Prime Minister of India. Mr.Gulzarilal Nanda was conferred on with India’s highest civilian award the ‘Bharat Ratna’ in the year 1997. The 2nd/Second Prime Minister of India: Mr.LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI (Born in Moghalsarai, Varanasi on 2nd October 1904  and died at Tashkent in USSR, while negotiating ‘Peace Talks’ on behalf of India with Pakistan on 11th January 1966 at the age of 61 years) Lal Bahadur Shastri  of the Indian National Congress/INC had been the 2nd/second Prime Minister of India from 9th June 1964 To 11th January 1966, for 1 year and 7 months. Mr.Lal Bahadur Shastri succeeded the 1st / first Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and was succeeded by Mrs.Indira Gandhi. The 2nd/Second Interim Prime Minister of India: Mr.GULZARILAL NANDA  had been the 2nd/second Interim Prime Minister of India from 11th January 1966 To 24th January 1966 for 14 days until Mrs.Indira Gandhi was selected as the 3rd /third Prime Minister of India. Mr.Gulzarilal Nanda had been the 1st/first Interim Prime Minister of India from 27th May 1964 to 9th June 1964 for 14 days, after the death of the 1st /first Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, until Lal Bahadur Shastri was elected as the 2nd / second Prime Minister of India. The 3rd/Third Prime Minister of India: Mrs.INDIRA GANDHI, Born in Allahabad on 19th November 1917 and shot dead in her Office-cum-Residence at New Delhi, by her own security guards on 31st October 1984 at the age of 66 years) Mrs.Indira Gandhi is the  only daughter of the 1st/first Prime Minister of India-Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, hte first Prime Minister of India. Mrs.Indira Gandhi of the Indian National Congress/INC  had been the 3rd / third Prime Minister of India, who had been in office for the following 2 different terms, for a total period of 15 years:. 1st Time:From 24th January 1966 To 24th March 1977, succeeding Lal Bahadur Shastri and succeeded by Morarji Desai and the 2nd Time: From 14th January 1980 To 31st October 1984 succeeding  Charan Singh until she was shot dead by her own security guards Mrs.Indira  Gandhi is the’First and the Only Lady Prime Minister of India’. Mrs.Indira Gandhi was conferred on with India’s highest civilian awar


What is the signature tune of the Archers radio programme?

BBC Signature Tunes Home Page Signature Tunes Housewives' Choice was a record request programme broadcast   on the Light Programme every weekday morning from 1946 until the arrival of   Radios 1 and 2 in 1967. It had a different presenter each week, and the signature   tune was In Party Mood by Jack Strachey. A programme called Children's Choice ran from 1952,    following the Housewive's Choice format. Children's Favourites replaced it two years later. Until 1965 it was presented by Derek McCulloch,    known from Children's Hour as Uncle Mac. The Reithian spirit prevailed and    the programme included not just records made for children, or pop, but light    classical pieces and even hymns. The signature tune was Puffin' Billy.    The launch of Radios 1 & 2 saw the programme, now called Junior Choice,    broadcast on both channels with a new sig tune and more pop content. The    programme ran until 1982. Family Favourites was a record request programme which linked   families in the UK with members of the armed forces serving in Germany and   elsewhere. As Two-Way Family Favourites it brought together London   and Cologne but later it included more distant (and non-military) links including   Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Hong Kong. The signature tune was With   a Song in My Heart. Related page Trevor Hill     recalls the origins of Family Favourites and the choice of the signature     tune. Down Your Way ran from 1946 to 1992, introduced    by Horse Guards, Whitehall from the London Lankmarks Suite by Haydn Wood. The programme visited a different location each week, interviewing    residents and playing their choice of music. It was hosted by Stewart MacPherson    (1946-1950), Richard Dimbleby (1950-1955), Franklin Engelmann (1955-1972),    Brian Johnston (1955-1987) and then by a different host each week. The music of Eric Coates was often used. By the Sleepy Lagoon still   is, with added seagulls. Desert Island Discs began in 1942 and   can claim to be the longest running factual programme on radio. It was devised   by Roy Plomley, who presented the programme for 43 years. Michael Parkinson   took over in 1985 following Plomley's death. Sue Lawley followed in 1988 and   Kirsty Young in 2006. Plomley himself was the castaway on two occasions, the   interviewers being Leslie Perowne and Eamonn Andrews. Another Coates piece, Calling All Workers, introduced Music While You Work which began in June 1940. It was intended    to improve morale in wartime factories and thus increase productivity. It    continued after the war up until 1967 when the Light Programme ended. With    two editions a day, the programme was usually live, though some were recorded    in later years. It featured dance orchestras, brass and military bands,    light orchestras and small instumental groups. Music Magazine was co-edited by Julian Herbage and his wife   Anna Instone. Presented by him (from 1952) and produced by her, the programme   ran from 1944 to 1973. Julian had joined the BBC in 1927 and Anna became head   of gramophone programmes. The tune used was Schubert's An die musik ("To music"). Originally broadcast from the 1930s to the 1960s Paul    Temple was a detective series. The signature tune was Coronation    Scot by Vivian Ellis. Paul and his wife Steve were played by several    actors over the years but probably the best known voices were those of Peter    Coke and Marjorie Westbury. Some of the stories have been remade in the    21st century with Crawford Logan and Gerda Stevenson in the lead roles. Devil's Galop by Charles Williams was the sig of Dick Barton   - Special Agent which began in 1946 at 1845 on the Light Programme.   The serial followed the adventures of ex-Commando Captain Richard Barton MC   and his sidekicks Jock Anderson and Snowy White. They solved various crimes,   escaped from all sorts of scrapes and often saved the nation from disaster,   each evening