What was the name of the ship in which Captain Robert Scott set sail for the Antarctic in 1901?

Wreck of Captain Scott's ship discovered off Greenland - Telegraph Robert Falcon Scott Wreck of Captain Scott's ship discovered off Greenland The SS Terra Nova, which took Captain Scott on his ill-fated mission to the  Antarctic, has been found by researchers 70 years after it was sunk.   Scott's ship the SS Terra Nova Photo: THE PONTING COLLECTION   Image 1 of 3 Standing, left to right: Captain Lawrence Oates, Captain Robert Falcon Scott, Petty Officer Edgar Evans; seated, left to right, Lieutenant Henry Bowers and Edward Wilson, at the South Pole    Image 1 of 3 The ship has laid on the sea bed under icy waters for 70 years Photo: Schmidt Ocean Institute 4:52PM BST 15 Aug 2012 The ship that took Captain Robert Falcon Scott on his ill-fated mission to the Antarctic 100 years ago has been discovered off the coast of Greenland. The SS Terra Nova, built in Dundee in 1884, was found by a research company, Schmidt Ocean Institute, when they were testing new equipment on one of their vessels. The discovery has amazed experts as the ship had lain on the sea bed under icy waters for 70 years. Captain Scott and his team sailed it from Cardiff to the Antarctic in their quest to be the first people to reach the South Pole a century ago. They disembarked in November 1911 for the 167-mile trek to the Pole and arrived in January 1912, only to find a Norwegian party led by Roald Amundsen had beaten them to it. Scott’s whole team died on the return trek. Related Articles The horrors of Scott expedition to South Pole 19 Jul 2012 The Terra Nova was afterwards bought by the Bowring Brothers and in 1913 it returned to the Antarctic to work in the Newfoundland seal fishery. During the First World War it was used for coastal trading voyages and in 1942 was chartered by Newfoundland Base Contractors to carry supplies to base stations in Greenland. But on September 13, 1943, the vessel was damaged by ice. The US Coastguard rescued all 24 crew and then fired bullets into the ship’s side, sinking it just off the south-western tip of Greenland. It remained there until the team from the institute began an exploration exercise in the north Atlantic. While testing echo sounders from the institute's flagship vessel R/V Falkor, they discovered the wreck of the Terra Nova last month. The wooden-hulled barque with one funnel and three masts was known to be in the general area but the exact location was unknown. While inspecting an area of the sea bed, survey expert Jonathan Beaudoin, from the University of New Hampshire, noticed an unidentifiable feature. He and a colleague, Leighton Rolley, compared it with other shapes on the sea bed and decided to carry out further investigation. Using sophisticated technology, the boat-shaped object was measured and its 57m length matched the dimensions of the Terra Nova. After analysing data from acoustic tests, the team sent down a camera for a closer look and the pictures showed a wooden wreck lying on the sea bed. The camera footage also identified the funnel of the vessel next to the wreck. The team compared the image of the funnel with historic photographs of the SS Terra Nova and their observations confirmed the identity of the ship. Mr Rolley, a marine technician said: “The discovery of the lost SS Terra Nova, one of the most famous polar exploration vessels, was an exciting achievement.” Brian Kelly, the education officer at the Discovery Point heritage museum in Dundee, said he was "amazed" by the discovery. "It is remarkable that the Terra Nova has been found now, 100 years on from the race to the pole, the death of Scott and four of his crew, and in the year of various events to commemorate that occasion,” he said. "She was severely damaged when she was sunk by the US Coastguard and the front of her hull is peeled back, suggesting that the structure may not be able to take any movement. "She is also in very deep water, I think over 1,000ft.” Because of the depth the ship was found at, its condition, and the cost of any salvage operation, it was unlikely the wreck would be recovered, he said.


In which year was the Battle of Bannockburn, between Scotland and England?

BBC - Scotland's History - The Battle of Bannockburn Scotland's History Articles The Battle of Bannockburn, 1314 The Battle of Bannockburn, 1314 The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. You may wish to download the Adobe Flash player . Bannockburn. If there is a fact every Scot knows, it is who won the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314; although it did not bring outright victory in the war, which lay 14 years in the future and would only be won at the negotiating table. The victory was a combination of Bruce's demand of 1313: that all of the remaining Balliol supporters acknowledge his kingship or forfeit their estates, and the imminent surrender of the English garrison encircled in Stirling castle – which spurred Edward II to invade Scotland. He mobilised a massive military machine: summoning 2,000 horse and 25,000 infantry from England, Ireland and Wales. Although probably only half the infantry turned up, it was by far the largest English army ever to invade Scotland. The Scots common army numbered around 6000, with a small contingent on horseback. It was divided into three "divisions" or schiltroms (massive spear formations), led by King Robert Bruce, his brother, Edward, and his nephew, Sir Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray. After eight years of successful guerrilla warfare and plundering the north of England for booty, the Scots had created an experienced battle-hardened army. In June 1314, Edward II crossed the border only to find the road to Stirling blocked by the Scots army. Bruce had carefully chosen his ground to the south of the castle, where the road ran through the New Park, a royal hunting park. To his east lay the natural obstacles of the Bannock and Pelstream burns, along with soft, boggy ground. It seems Bruce planned only to risk a defensive encounter, digging pots (small hidden pits designed to break up a cavalry charge) along the roadway, and keeping the Torwood behind him for easier withdrawal. The battle opened with one of the most celebrated individual contests in Scottish history. Sighting a group of Scots withdrawing into the wood, the English vanguard, made up of heavy cavalry, charged. As they clashed with the Scots, an English knight, Sir Henry de Bohun, spotted Robert Bruce. If de Bohun had killed or captured Bruce, he would have become a chivalric hero. So, spurring his warhorse to the charge, he lowered his lance and bared down on the king. Bruce, an experienced warrior, didn't panic, but mounted "ane palfray, litil and joly" and met the charge. Dodging the lance, he brought his battle axe down on de Bohun's helmet, striking him dead. Elated, the Scots forced the English cavalry to withdraw. Two of Edward's experienced commanders, Sir Henry Beaumont and Sir Robert Clifford, attempted to outflank the Scots and cut off their escape route – very nearly surprising the Scots. At the last moment, however, Thomas Randolph's schiltrom dashed out of the wood and caught the English cavalry by surprise. A ferocious melee ensued. Without archers the cavalry found they were unable to get through the dense thicket of Scots spearmen, even resorting to throwing their swords and maces at them, until the Scots pushed them back and forced them into flight. The Scots had won the first day. Their morale was high and Bruce's new tactic of using the schiltroms offensively rather than statically, as Wallace had used them at Falkirk, appeared to be working. Yet Bruce must have been contemplating a strategic withdrawal before the set piece battle that would inevitably follow in the morning. For the English the setbacks of the first day were disappointing. Fearing Bruce might mount a night attack, they encamped in the Carse of Balquhiderock. The following day they still hoped to draw Bruce into a full-scale, set-piece battle where their decisive Welsh longbowmen could be brought to bear rather than let Bruce return to guerrilla warfare. At this critical moment, Sir Alexander Seton, a Scots noble in the English army, defected to Bruce bringing him vital intelli


Which Canadian island lies to the east of the Gulf of St Lawrence?

Gulf of St Lawrence - The Canadian Encyclopedia email MLA 7th Edition P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover "Gulf of St Lawrence" The Canadian Encyclopedia. Eds. . Toronto: Historica Canada, 2006. Web. 31 Dec. 2016. P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover "Gulf of St Lawrence" The Canadian Encyclopedia. Eds. . Toronto: Historica Canada, 2006. Web. 31 Dec. 2016. APA 6th Edition P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover, R. The Canadian Encyclopedia. (2006). Gulf of St Lawrence. Retrieved December 31, 2016, from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/ P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover, R. The Canadian Encyclopedia. (2006). Gulf of St Lawrence. Retrieved December 31, 2016, from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/ Chicago 16th Edition P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover. "Gulf of St Lawrence" In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada, 1985–. Article published February 7, 2006. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/. P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover. "Gulf of St Lawrence" In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada, 1985–. Article published February 7, 2006. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/. Turabian P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover. 2006. Gulf of St Lawrence. The Canadian Encyclopedia http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/ (accessed December 31, 2016). P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover. 2006. Gulf of St Lawrence. The Canadian Encyclopedia http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/ (accessed December 31, 2016). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Updates? Omissions? Article suggestions? We want to hear from you! Geography Gulf of St Lawrence Gulf of St Lawrence, a large (250 000 km2), roughly triangular inland sea receiving on average 10 100 m3/s of fresh water from the St Lawrence River at its northwest apex, is connected to the Atlantic by the Strait of Belle Isle at the northeast and Cabot Strait at the southeast corners. The deep Laurentian Channel extends from the St Lawrence estuary near Tadoussac , Qué, through the Cabot Strait to the edge of the Continental Shelf. To the south lie the Iles de la Madeleine and Prince Edward Island , with the extensive Magdalen Shallows in between. North of the channel is Ile d' Anticosti . Additional sources of fresh water include the Saguenay River and other north shore rivers, plus smaller amounts from New Brunswick and Newfoundland. Much of the runoff is entrained in the Gaspé Current, flowing along the south shore of the estuary, out onto the Magdalen Shallows and eventually around the northern tip of Cape Breton Island to form the Nova Scotian Current. The physical and biological effects of this fresh water are detectable as far away as the Gulf of Maine. Newfoundland Shelf water enters the gulf on the eastern side of Cabot Strait, drifts northeast along the west coast of Newfoundland and, coupled with a westerly drift along the north shore, completes a large counterclockwise gyre in the surface circulation. Deep inflow of Atlantic water through Cabot Strait compensates for the net outflow of surface waters. Winter cooling and contributions from the Labrador Shelf via Belle Isle Strait result in significant ice cover (and associated navigational hazards) in the gulf for at least 3 months each winter. Economically the gulf, with the St Lawrence River and St. Lawrence Seaway , forms a transportation corridor to the heartland of industrial North America, carries away its waste products, and still yields about one-quarter of Canadian fish landings, both by weight and by value. Before European contact, the gulf was frequented by Indigenous peoples, such as the Mi'kmaq , who came seasonally to fish. The north shore was inhabited by Inuit , whose fierce opposition long prevented safe harbour. Jacques Cartier explored the gulf in 1534, but was likely preceded in the area by Basque fishermen. Links to other site


Mycroft is the older brother of which fictional detective?

Sherlock Holmes biography | birthday, trivia | Fictional Detective | Who2 Sherlock Holmes Biography Fictional Detective   Sherlock Holmes is the fictional creation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , who wrote about the amazing detective in a series of 60 stories published between 1887 and 1927. Sherlock Holmes was famous for his extra-keen powers of observation and deduction, which he used to solve perplexing crimes and mysteries. He operated from his flat at 221b Baker Street in London, assisted by his friend Dr. Watson . The nefarious criminal Professor Moriarty appears as Holmes’s antagonist in some of the tales. Sherlock Holmes was an immediate hit in Doyle’s day and has remained so popular that he is sometimes mistaken for a real historical figure. Among the most famous Holmes stories are A Study in Scarlet (the first Sherlock Holmes story, 1887) and The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902). Extra credit Sherlock Holmes was played by actor Basil Rathbone in a popular series of movies from 1939-46. In the 1980s and 1990s, Holmes was portrayed on television by Jeremy Brett ; Holmes was played by Robert Downey, Jr. in the 2009 action feature film Sherlock Holmes (and a 2011 sequel); and in 2010, the BBC began a modern-day version of the tales with Benedict Cumberbatch as Holmes… Sherlock Holmes has an older brother, Mycroft, who appears in a few of the stories. Mycroft has powers of deduction which are supposedly even greater than Sherlock’s, but lacks the energy to pursue them… The Guinness Book of World Records said in 2012 that Sherlock Holmes had been portrayed more times on film and television than any other literary character.


What is the name of the short red cape, or piece of cloth, suspended from a hollow staff and brandished by a matador during a bullfight?

Tools & Resources: Ernest Hemingway Glossary | Test Prep | CliffsNotes Ernest Hemingway Glossary abbastanza bene (Italian) rather well. (A Farewell to Arms) Abruzzi a region of central Italy, on the Adriatic Sea. (A Farewell to Arms) absinthe a green, bitter, toxic liqueur made with wormwood oil and anise, now illegal in most countries. (The Sun Also Rises) Abyssinia the former name for the country now known as Ethiopia. (The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms) Adolpho Luque pitcher for the Reds and Giants and a native of Havana, Cuba. (The Old Man and the Sea) "Africana" song title. (A Farewell to Arms) agua mala (Spanish) jellyfish; Portuguese man-of-war. (The Old Man and the Sea) aguardiente (Spanish) clear brandy (The Sun Also Rises) albacore a tuna with unusually long pectoral fins, important as a game and food fish in all warm seas. (The Old Man and the Sea) Algabeno, Gallo bullfighters (The Sun Also Rises) Alger Horatio Alger (1832-1899), U.S. writer of boys' stories; his books typically deal with rags-to-riches stories of young boys advancing from poverty to wealth and acclaim. (The Sun Also Rises) Alpini (Italian) Alpine troops. (A Farewell to Arms) Alsace a historical region of northeastern France, under German control from 1871 to 1919. (The Sun Also Rises) "Alto piano . . . but no piano" (Italian) "Upland plain . . . but no plain." (A Farewell to Arms) Amalfi a town in south Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno. (A Farewell to Arms) The American news was all training camps It is unclear whether this refers to spring training prior to the baseball season, to the training of newly-enlisted soldiers, or to both. (A Farewell to Arms) American Women's Club list apparently a list of recommended tourist sites. (The Sun Also Rises) amontillado a pale, relatively dry sherry. (The Sun Also Rises) Anatole France pseudonym of Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault (1844-1924); French novelist and literary critic. (The Sun Also Rises) Anatolia the great plains area of Turkey. (Hemingway's Short Stories) Anis del Mono a brand of French or Spanish liqueur flavored with aniseed. (The Sun Also Rises) ANIS DEL TORO (Spanish) anise of the bull; brand of French or Spanish liqueur flavored with aniseed. (The Sun Also Rises) Anti-Saloon League American temperance organization. (The Sun Also Rises) Antitetanus inoculation against tetanus, an acute infectious disease, often fatal, caused by the specific toxin of a bacillus which usually enters the body through wounds: it is characterized by spasmodic contractions and rigidity of some or all of the voluntary muscles, especially of the jaw, face, and neck. (A Farewell to Arms) Aosta the Valle d'Aosta, a region of northwest Italy. (A Farewell to Arms) apéritif an alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate the appetite. (The Sun Also Rises) The apple the fruit of knowledge, offered by the serpent to Eve. When she shared the apple with Adam, they were cast out of Eden by God. (A Farewell to Arms) Aquila town in the Abruzzi region of Italy. (A Farewell to Arms) Archbishop Ireland American archbishop, apparently, with whose case Henry is unfamiliar. (A Farewell to Arms) arc-light a lamp in which brilliant light is produced by maintaining an arc between two electrodes. (The Sun Also Rises) Ardennes a wooded plateau in northeastern France, southern Belgium, and Luxembourg; the scene of heavy fighting in World War I. (The Sun Also Rises) armistice a temporary stopping of warfare by mutual agreement, as a truce preliminary to the signing of a peace treaty. The armistice referred to here is the one that ended World War I, on November 11, 1918. (The Sun Also Rises) armoire a large, usually ornate cupboard or clothespress. (A Farewell to Arms) Arriba (Spanish) up, upwards. (The Sun Also Rises) arriero (Spanish) mule driver. (The Sun Also Rises) articulation a joint between bones. (A Farewell to Arms) Asti a wine from the city of the same name in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy. (A Farewell to Arms) the attack The setting of this story is northern Italy during World War I; an Italian town has


In which year were women allowed to compete in athletics events for the first time in the Olympic Games?

Women at the Olympic Games Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > History > Women Women at the Olympic Games It has been a long road to equality for women at the Olympic Games, and it is still continuing. Participation in the Ancient Olympic Games was limited to male athletes only. The only way women were  able to take part was to enter horses in the equestrian events. There are records of several winning women horse owners. As the owner of the horse teams, they were credited with the victory, though they were most likely not present at the events. Even in the early years of the modern Olympics, women were not well represented (consequently a rival Women's Olympics was held). Women participated for the first time at the 1900 Paris Games with the inclusion of women's events in lawn tennis and golf. Women's athletics and gymnastics debuted at the 1928 Olympics. Over time more women's events were added. In 2012, women's boxing was introduced, resulting in no remaining sports that do not include events for women. Equality in the available sports is one thing, but in many countries women do not have equal rights to participate in sports and the opportunity to participate in the Olympic Games. Prior to the 2012 Olympics in London, three Muslim countries have never before sent a female athlete: Qatar, Brunei, and Saudi Arabia. However, they all bowed to IOC pressure and sent female athletes to London. Now every national Olympic committee has sent women to the Olympic Games, a small step. Milestones At the first modern Olympic Games in Athens 1896 , no women competed, as de Coubertin felt that their inclusion would be "impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic, and incorrect." Women first competed at the 1900 Paris Games. Women were allowed to compete in lawn tennis and golf, though there were three French women competing in croquet and there was at least one woman sailor as part of mixed crews. It is commonly believed that first woman to win an Olympic event was England's Charlotte Cooper, who won the tennis singles title, however Swiss sailor Hélène de Pourtalès won a gold medal as part of a team in sailing earlier than this. (see more firsts , and more on Pourtalès ) Here are the first women competitors in the Modern Olympic Games of 1900, in chronological order were May 22 - Helen de Pourtales, Switzerland (Yachting) May 31 - Elvira Guerra, France (Equestrian). There may have been another woman also competing in the equestrian events. Jun 28 - Mme Ohnier, Madame Depres, and Mme Filleaul Brohy, France (Croquet) July 11 - winner Charlotte Cooper, Great Britain (Tennis) plus other female competitors. Oct 3 - winner Margaret Abbott, USA (Golf) plus other female competitors. Women competed in swimming events for the first time in 1912, but none of them were from America, which did not allow its female athletes to compete in events without long skirts. The first women's swimming gold medal was won by the Australian Sarah 'Fanny' Durack, who won the 100m freestyle in 1912. In 1928, women competed in track and field events for the first time; however, so many collapsed at the end of the 800-meter race that the event was banned until 1960. Women's shooting events were first included in the Olympics in 1984. There were three events, three position rifle, air rifle and sport pistol. In 1996, a women's only sport was introduced - Softball (softball is no longer part of the Olympic program) The 2000 Olympics was the first time that women were allowed to compete  in the Olympics in weightlifting. A women's wrestling competition was introduced in 2004. Women compete in freestyle wrestling , but not greco-roman. There are only two Olympic sports where men and women  compete directly against each other; equestrian and sailing , though in sailing it is now only in one event. Tennis (in early Games in since 2012) and Badminton (since 1996) have mixed doubles events. Qatar, Brunei and Saudi Arabic all sent female participants to the London 2012 Olympic Games, meaning now every national Olympic committee will have sent women to th


How many wives did ‘Coronation Street’s ‘ Mike Baldwin have?

Mike Baldwin | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Johnny Briggs Michael Vernon "Mike" Baldwin was a London -born businessman who owned and managed the Baldwin's Casuals and Underworld factories in Coronation Street from 1976 to 2006 . Mike started his career as a market stall holder but within a few years was running his own factory. In 1976 , he opened denim-maker Baldwin's Casuals in Weatherfield and moved there, ending his relationship with his common-law wife Anne Woodley . As an employer, Mike was uncompromising, quick to threaten his machinists with the sack if they slacked and taking a dim view of workers getting above themselves. Away from the factory, Mike lived a bachelor's life, using his Cockney charm and bulging wallet to attract women, although most of them eventually saw through him. While he wanted a family, he found it difficult to make relationships last and didn't raise any of his three sons; his eldest son Danny was a result of an affair between Mike and his brother Harry 's wife Viv , and the secret of his parentage was kept until Harry's death in 2005 . Mark Redman , Mike's second son, was born in 1983 , after his mother Maggie had left Mike, and he didn't even know of his third son Adam Barlow 's existence until 2001 as Adam's mother Susan left Mike in 1987 when he pushed her into getting pregnant even though she wanted a career. Two of Mike's lasting relationships were with Deirdre and Ken Barlow . In 1983, Mike had an affair with Deirdre but it ended when Deirdre decided to stay with husband Ken rather than leave him for Mike. Mike continued to hold a torch for Deirdre but they never got together again, while the affair triggered a feud between Ken and Mike which lasted for many years. In 1989 , Mike sold Baldwin's Casuals and lost a fortune in a bad deal. The 1990s saw him rebuild his empire as he married Jackie Ingram , hoping to get his hands on her late husband's factory, but his heart lay with ex-partner Alma Sedgewick , who he pursued and later married after Jackie left him. His investments during the period included garage MVB Motors , flats in Crimea Street , and factory Kbec , before he returned to the rag trade with knicker factory Underworld in 1997 . Alma left Mike when he slept with Julia Stone but Mike found solace in the arms of Linda Sykes , one of his machinists, and in 2000 they got married, despite a considerable age difference. It wasn't until 2001 , a year after Mike had forgiven Linda for having an affair with his son Mark, that Mike realised Linda was only after his money and threw her out. The latter years of Mike's life saw him re-connected with his sons. In 2004 , he made Danny a partner in the business and later told Danny that he was his father. Mike died in 2006 after a short battle with Alzheimer's Disease. Contents Edit His on/off relationship with Alma Sedgewick looked over when he married wealthy widow Jackie Ingram instead, but the bride realised that Mike only wanted the money and factory that she had inherited from her late husband, Peter (who ironically died of a heart attack while shouting at Mike), and their marriage lasted just a week, Jackie threatening Mike with a shotgun if he didn't get out of her sight. A couple of years later, after almost breaking up, Mike and true love Alma finally married. Mike ran his business, and Alma ran Jim's Cafe with Gail Platt ; their marriage hit rocky patches at times. As his business went through a rough patch in 1998, Mike slept with Julia Stone , who turned out to be a former prostitute, and blackmailed him for large sums of cash. Long-suffering Alma finally found out the truth, and walked out on Mike; upon divorcing him, Alma reverted to her maiden name of Halliwell. 1999-2006: Fourth marriage, later years and Alzheimer's Edit Mike Baldwin's family history was retconned in 2004 when his nephew Danny Baldwin was introduced. Prior to this, Mike was always referred to as an only child. After leaving Coronation Street , Johnny Briggs reprised the role of the ghost of Mike Baldwin, visiting Norris Cole in a o


What nationality is tennis player Goran Ivanisevic?

Goran Ivanisevic Biography (Tennis Player) Birthplace: Split, Croatia Best known as: 2001 Wimbledon men's tennis champion Croatian tennis star Goran Ivanisevic turned pro in 1988 and quickly gained a reputation for tremendous serves (he stood 6'4") and a freewheeling personality. He was ranked #2 in the world several times in the mid-1990s; by 2001 he had made over $18 million in career winnings, but his talent had waned and many considered him over the hill. He made it to Wimbledon in 2001 only after receiving a wild-card berth from the tournament committee, then shocked everyone by playing his way into the finals and defeating Australian Pat Rafter in five sets to become the Wimbledon champion. Extra credit: Ivanisevic won bronze medals in both singles and doubles (with Goran Prpic) at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics. Copyright © 1998-2017  by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.


Who did Franklin D. Roosevelt defeat in the 1944 US Presidential elections?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt—Four-Term President—and the Election of 1944 | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History Franklin Delano Roosevelt—Four-Term President—and the Election of 1944 by Matthew Dallek When President Franklin Delano Roosevelt decided to seek a fourth term in 1944, his campaign would come to mark a major moment in the history of presidential elections for several reasons. No president had run for a fourth term prior to Roosevelt and FDR remains the only person to have been elected to a fourth term, or in fact, a third term. It was only the third time in US history up to then that a presidential election had taken place in wartime. The election was also momentous because Roosevelt was seriously ill, and he and his aides orchestrated a cover-up that hid his failing health from the American people. [1] With the benefit of hindsight, we can see how consequential the 1944 election was. FDR’s victory would lead to the passage in 1951 of the Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution barring presidents from serving more than two full terms. [2] His physical condition at the time of his victory virtually ensured that his vice president would become president, and when FDR died three months into his fourth term, Harry Truman helped launch the nuclear age when he dropped two atomic bombs on Japan to end the war in the Pacific. The Cold War with the Soviet Union also began on Truman’s watch. The 1944 presidential election inaugurated a politics of prosperity that would last for decades, while FDR’s deception about his health helped pave the way for the now-familiar custom in which candidates are forced to release results of their physicals, disclose income taxes, and reveal at least some details of their personal lives to the public. FDR defended his precedent-breaking decision to seek a fourth term on several grounds. In late 1944, Roosevelt reflected that while he “hate[d] the fourth term . . . and the third term as well,” he thought he was able to “plead extenuating circumstances!” He believed, he explained, that Americans deserved to have the chance “freely to express themselves every four years.” Unlike some of his contemporaries, Roosevelt claimed, he did not feel the need to cling to power just for the sake of holding power. “I would, quite honestly, have retired to Hyde Park with infinite pleasure in 1941” had it not been for the international crisis. He felt ethically bound to break from tradition in 1940 and, again, in 1944; he described the possible election of his 1940 opponent, Republican Wendell Willkie, as “a rather dangerous experiment,” as he had little foreign policy experience and was not the man to handle an international emergency. By 1944, with America in its third year of the war, FDR considered it his obligation to remain in office until Hitler had been defeated. [3] Roosevelt faced re-election challenges on a variety of thorny fronts. Democratic bosses regarded Vice President Henry Wallace as a left-wing ultra-liberal, and they refused to accept him on the 1944 ticket. FDR was forced to dump Wallace, and he browbeat Missouri’s Senator Harry Truman into running as his number two. Truman had won praise for leading a Senate Committee investigation that turned up billions of dollars in fraud and government waste in the war effort, but he had only modest experience with foreign affairs. [4] An even greater problem for the President was that his body was falling apart. As only a handful of doctors and members of his inner circle knew, FDR had had hypertension in the early 1940s. High blood pressure had led to congestive heart failure by the time his re-election campaign rolled around. According to the author and medical doctor Hugh E. Evans, by March 1944 FDR was clearly suffering from heart failure. His death—due to a brain hemorrhage on April 12, 1945—was “predictable,” Evans has argued. [5] Roosevelt faced a more formidable Republican opponent in 1944 than he had in 1940. New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey defeated Wendell Willkie, a uti


Which English football club became temporary ground-sharing tenants with Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park in 1991?

Selhurst Park - 必应 Sign in Selhurst Park Selhurst Park is an association football stadium located in the London suburb of South Norwood in the Borough of Croydon. It is the current home ground of Crystal Palace Football Club playing in the Premier League. Who owns the freehold of selhurst park home of crystal palace foo... 答 Simon Jordan (born 24 September 1967, Thornton Heath, United Kingdom) is the chairman and owner of Crystal Palace Football Club, as well as Selhurst. Selhurst Park History In 1922 the site, a former brickfield, was bought from the Brighton Railway Company for £2,570. The stadium (designed by Scottish stadium architect Archibald Leitch) was constructed by Humphreys of Kensington (a firm regularly used by Leitch) for around £30,000, and was officially opened by the Lord Mayor of London on 30 August 1924. There was then only one stand (the present Main Stand), but this was unfinished due to industrial action; Crystal Palace played Sheffield Wednesday and lost 0–1 in front of 25,000 fans. Two years later, in 1926, England played Wales in an international at the stadium. England amateur matches and various other finals were also staged there, as were other sports including boxing, bicycle polo (in the late 1940s) and cricket and music concerts (in the 1980s). In addition to this, it hosted two games for the 1948 Summer Olympics. In 1953, the stadium's first floodlights were installed consisting of numerous poles around the 3 sides of terracing and four roof mounted installations on the Main Stand, but were replaced nine years later by floodlights mounted on pylons in each corner and six installations on the Main Stand roof. Real Madrid marked the occasion by playing the first game under the new set of bulbs – a real footballing coup at the time for third division Palace, as it was Real's first ever match in London. The ground remained undeveloped until 1969, when Palace were promoted to Division One (then the highest tier of English football) for the first time. The Arthur Wait Stand was built, and is named after the club's long-serving chairman, who was a builder by trade and was often seen working on the site himself. Arthur Wait was notable for overseeing Palace's rise from the 4th to the 1st Division in the 1960s. The Whitehorse Lane end was given a new look when a "second tier" of terracing, brick-built refreshments and toilets were provided along the top. The Safety of Grounds Act required the Holmesdale Road terrace (the preferred stand for the Crystal Palace supporters) to be split into three sections for safety reasons. The remaining poorer facilities were mainly where opposition supporters were situated. New facilities were subsequently built at the back of the Holmesdale Stand. In the summer of 1981, the Main Stand terraced enclosure was redesigned and refitted with seating. In 1981, Palace sold the back of the Whitehorse Lane terrace and adjacent land to supermarket retailer Sainsbury's for £2m, to help their financial problems. The size of the terrace at this end was effectively halved. Charlton Athletic moved in to the stadium as temporary tenants in 1985, and became with Palace the first league clubs in England to agree such a ground-sharing scheme. The following year, chairman Ron Noades purchased the stadium from the club as a means of raising revenue. In the summer of 1990, the lower half of the Arthur Wait Stand was converted into all-seater with the assistance of Football Trust Grant Aid, following the Taylor Report into the Hillsborough Disaster. Two rows of executive boxes (48 in total) were constructed above the Whitehorse Lane terrace (on the roof of Sainsbury's supermarket) in 1991 and this was subsequently roofed and made all-seater in the summer of 1993. Charlton moved back to The Valley via West Ham's Boleyn Ground, and Wimbledon F.C. replaced them as tenants in 1991. The Holmesdale terrace was demolished in 1994 and replaced a year later with a two-tiered 8,500 capacity stand. The roof cladding of the main stand was also replaced, the previous one having started to leak. Some


Who plays the Wolf Man in the 1941 horror film ‘The Wolf Man’?

The Wolf Man (1941) | Horror Film Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia The Wolf Man (1941) Share “ Even a man who is pure in heart and says his prayers by night, may become a wolf when the wolfbane blooms and the Autumn moon is bright. „ His hideous howl a dirge of death! Directed By 18 image(s) of The Wolf Man (1941) The Wolf Man is a 1941 film directed by George Waggner . It is one of the earliest produced Horror films, and considered to be a classic of cinema. It turned title star Lon Chaney, Jr. into a star and icon of the Horror genre. The film was re-made in 2010. Contents Talbot Castle Having been living abroad for more than eighteen years, Larry Talbot returns home to Llanwelly Village after receiving word of his brother's unfortunate death during a hunting accident. At the expansive Talbot Castle , Larry reunites with his formerly estranged father, Sir John Talbot . The two lament the fact that a death in the family was required for the two men to make restitution with one another, and they both agree to shelve their former animosity. Sir John takes Larry into the attic of the house, which he has since converted into an observatory. Larry admires the giant telescope in the center of the room and begins making adjustments. Sir John leaves him to his work. While looking through the telescope, Larry catches sight of a young, blonde-haired woman across the street. She is in her upstairs bedroom trying on a pair of earrings. Peering downward, Larry notes that the room is above Charles Conliffe's Antiques store. Larry walks over to the store and introduces himself to the young woman, whom he learns is the proprietor's daughter, Gwen . Under the pretense of being a regular customer, Larry begins flirting with her. Gwen avoids his overzealous affections and convinces him to purchase a silver-tipped cane. The cane is unique in that the handle is in the shape of a wolf's head with the mark of the pentagram etched on the side. Gwen explains that the pentagram symbolizes the werewolf and then recites an old poem, "Even a man who is pure in heart and says his prayers by night, may become a wolf when the wolfbane blooms and the autumn moon is bright". She further informs him that a werewolf can see the sign of the pentagram in the palm of his next victim. Caring little about occult folklore, Larry asks Gwen out on a date, but she politely turns him down. He refuses to take "no" for an answer though and warns Gwen that he will stop by the shop at 8:00 to pick her up. Gwen again tells him "no", but Larry playfully ignores her. That evening, Larry arrives at the antiques shop as promised. He wants to take Gwen to the nearby gypsy camp to have her fortune told. Gwen agrees, but only if her friend Jenny Williams can come with them. Larry shifts about uncomfortably, but agrees. Bela the Gypsy When they arrive at the camp, Jenny is anxious to have her fortune told. Larry encourages her to go first, allowing him the opportunity to spend more time with Gwen. Gwen warns Larry that she is engaged to be married to a man named Frank Andrews. While the two talk outside, Jenny goes into the tent of Bela the fortune teller. Bela prepares to read her future, but grows horror stricken when he sees the image of the pentagram in Jenny's palm. He tells her that she must go and then rushes out of the tent. Moments later, Larry and Gwen hear a scream of terror and Larry runs towards it to investigate. Through the foggy marsh, he sees a large wolf attacking Jenny Williams. He grapples with the animal and beats it repeatedly with his new cane. During the scuffle, the wolf bites Larry on the chest, but then falls over dead. Gwen and an old gypsy woman named Maleva bring Larry back to Talbot Castle. Immediately, villagers begin mounting a private investigation. Colonel Montford examines the scene and finds the body of Bela the gypsy as well as Larry's silver-tipped cane. The following morning, Sir John summons Doctor Lloyd who examines Larry. When Larry is feeling a bit better rested, he sits up and tries to explain what happened. Sir John's friend Colonel P


Buffalo, Bermuda, Fescue and Carpet are all types of what?

How to Choose the Right Engineered Wood at The Home Depot SHOP ALL GRASS SEED Types of Grass Seed The two main types of turf grass are warm season grass and cool season grass. Pick the grass seed that matches the climate and your yard’s sun exposure. Tip: Pick grass seed designed to absorb the level of lawn traffic your yard receives. Warm season grass originates in the South and grows best in hot weather. Most warm season grass goes dormant and turns brown with cool temperatures. Warm season grass should be planted in late spring. Cool season grass generally originates from the North and is characterized by rapid growth in the spring and fall. Cool season grass often turns brown during periods of high summer heat. The best time to plant cool season grass is in late summer or early fall. Type of Grass (C) = cool season grass Blends & Mixtures You can purchase different mixes of grass seed that are designed to meet specific needs, such as drought-resistant grasses or repairing damaged lawns. Seed mixtures: Seed mixtures combine several different kinds of grass in one seed package. The strengths and weaknesses of each offset the others to keep your lawn green and healthy. This type of seed often contains disease- and drought-resistant properties. Blended seed mixtures: Blended seed mixtures combine several different kinds of the same grass species to capitalize on the strengths of each type. By using the same species, you can ensure a more consistent appearance to your lawn. Lawn repair mix: These products combine grass seed, starter fertilizer and mulch in a single package. This all-purpose mixture is used for reseeding bare spots in your lawn and prevents you from having to buy all the items separately. Also, the fertilizer and mulch are optimized for the particular seed you choose. Straight seed: Warm season grass is usually sold as single or “straight” seed. These packages contain only one variety of seed. Planting, growing and maintenance tips are included on the back of the package. Planting Tips Before planting in a new area, prepare the soil by removing existing plants, weeds and stones. Mix in organic material, then rake it smooth. Use a lawn spreader or, for smaller spots, sow seed by hand. Mulch the seeded area with garden fabric or straw to retain moisture. Water daily until germination occurs, then less often but more heavily. When new grass is 3 inches high, remove the mulch and lightly mow. Protect the lawn from people or animals by roping it off until the grass is established. Weed control products are helpful because they decrease the number of weeds that drain soil of the water and nutrients vital for a successful grass growing season. SHOP NOW


Inactive volcano Mount Sabalan is in which country?

Sabalan | Persian Tourism Guide - Iran's Tourism Print Email Sabalan ( Azerbaijani: Savalan) is an inactive stratovolcano in Ardabil province of northwestern Iran. It is the third highest mountain in Iran and has a permanent crater lake formed at its summit. Sabalan has a ski resort (Alvares) and different tourist areas such as the Sarein spa. The mountain is known for its beautiful vistas, including the Shirvan gorge, where few climbers ever venture. According to some beliefs, the Mount Sabalan was the place where Zoroaster meditated for some years, so Mt. Savalan is one of the important sacred places in Zoroastrianism. Mount Sabalan Located in the extreme north west of Iran in meshkin shar (khiav), Sabalan is the country’s third highest peak after Damavand and Alam-Kuh . At 4,811 metres it is taller than Mount Blanc in the Alps. The mountain offers many attractions throughout the year. On the slopes of the mountain the mineral water from springs attracts large amounts of tourists each year, many have faith in healing properties believed to be in the springs. The nomadic people of the area live in small villages, with their round “Yurt” tents appealing to tourism. Sabalan is a volcanic peak, and at 3,600 metres you can see gigantic ‘sculptures’ which are eroded volcanic stone outcrops which resemble animals, birds and insects. Geology Sabalan is a large andesite stratovolcano in Meshgin Shahr (Khiav), in Iranian Azerbaijan in North West Iran. It is the second highest volcano after Mount Damavand . The volcano is quite old. Its first eruptions occurred in the Eocene and later in the Miocene. But the main volcanism happened in the Pliocene and the Pleistocene as some of its rocks have been dated to 5–1.4 million years. Some references state that volcanic activity continued into the Holocene, less than 10,000 years ago. The summit region has several peaks exceeding 4,500 metres (14,800 ft), primarily along a southwest-northeast trending ridge. The highest point 4,811 metres (15,784 ft) is at the northeast end of the ridge, and is separated from the 4,620 metres (15,160 ft)+ group of southwestern summits by a 4,190 m (13,750 ft) col. The mountain is located in a continental climate with hot, dry summers and extremely cold, snowy winters. Precipitation falls primarily as snow in late autumn, winter, and spring, and is sufficient to sustain seven glaciers near the summit above 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). The largest of these were more than 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) in length as of the 1970s. There are also extensive rock glaciers, several of which are more than 3 km (2 mi) in length. Climbing The climbing surface includes rocks of various sizes (Class 2 scrambling), and a moderate degree of fitness is required to climb it. The climb from the base camp starts easy, becomes challenging mid way, then eases in gradient near the top. The lake on the top remains frozen except for about four weeks in late July to early August. Some climbers start by driving to hot springs of Meshgin Shahr, where they start their climb. This climb takes about two days, reaching to the base camp on the first day. Others take a taxi to base camp early in the morning, and climb the mountain in one day. In 2006, there was talk of improving the road to the base camp. If this is done, a regular car should be able to make it to the base camp during the climbing season. The road goes through multiple nomadic encampments of shepherds. One or two days of acclimatization in Tehran or Ardabil may be advisable. Mountaineering has been popular among the youth in Iran. On a Friday during the climbing season (late June to mid August), one may find hundreds of people on the mountain. Guides can also be found in Ardabil. Adequate climbing equipment can be purchased in Ardabil or Tehran. Surrounding area The area around Sabalan, particularly near Meshkin and Dasht-eh Moghan produces large quantities of grain, including wheat. Thanks to the climate produced by the mountain, Ardabil remains pleasantly cool in the summers. There are lots of hot springs all around the slopes of


Syngenesophobia is the irrational fear of who?

Syngenesophobia Treatment Options Treatment Symptoms of Syngenesophobia – Fear of relatives: breathlessness, excessive sweating, dry mouth, nausea, feeling sick, shaking, heart palpitations, inability to speak or think clearly, a fear of losing control, a sensation of detachment from reality or a full blown anxiety attack. You are not the only one to suffer from this phobia. Most sufferers are surprised to learn that they are far from alone in this surprisingly common, although often unspoken, phobia. Syngenesophobia is an intense fear of something that poses no actual danger. While adults with Syngenesophobia realize that these fears are irrational, they often find that facing, or even thinking about facing, the feared situation brings on a panic attack or severe anxiety. There is a Way Out Imagine what your life will be like when you know that you are not "defective". When you can be confident and at ease in situations where you used to feel your phobia. And when you can talk about your former fear symptoms as though you are describing a movie where the character is someone else, not you. Syngenesophobia Treatment Options Hypnotherapy Hypnotherapy helps to reprogram your subconscious "programs" that may be part of your fear. When these programs are "de-bugged" the symptoms of Syngenesophobia often are minimized. However, some people don't like the feeling of loss of control in allowing someone else to play with their personal "software". Hypnotherapy is save and works fast. Hypnotherapy Solutions Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) NLP is basically the study and practice of how we create our reality. From the NLP viewpoint, a phobia is the result of your programs or "constructs" that you have created that don't work very well. With NLP, these constructs are revealed and "re-programmed" so that the Syngenesophobia is minimized and often eliminated. Usually the interventions are quite rapid and effective. NLP Solutions Energy Psychology Energy Psychology is emerging as an excellent therapy for fears and phobias because in studies it is shown to be rapid, safe, effective and long-lasting. It is based on a theory and practice that has been around for a couple of thousand years. It has the same foundation or roots as acupuncture, except in this case there are no needles used. You could call it emotional acupuncture - without the needles. Recent scientific studies have shown it to be very effective. Energy Psychology combines the benefits of the above treatment therapies. You   quickly and easily change your behaviors. You   are active in your own recovery. Your   thought patterns change, often very quickly. You develop skills and techniques that are useful   for a lifetime in all situations. Syngenesophobia Disclaimer © Alive and Well Online 2004.


Oregon Blue Book: Salem: Oregon's Capital Home > Facts > Salem: Oregon's Capital Salem: Oregon's Capital Also see the Capitol Tour and the Salem city government description.   Salem, with a population of 160,690, is Oregon’s state capital and the third largest city. Salem is also the county seat of Marion County, but a small portion contained within its corporate limits of 44 square miles lies across the Willamette River in Polk County. Salem is situated on the 45th geographic parallel in the center of the Willamette Valley—one of the most fertile and agriculturally productive regions in the world—47 miles south of Portland and 64 miles north of Eugene.   Salem serves as the hub of both state government and the surrounding farming communities. State government is the largest employer, with approximately 17,958 state employees and offices for 69 state agencies located in Salem. Salem is also one of the largest food-processing centers in the United States.   In addition, Salem is one of Oregon’s oldest cities. The tribal name for the locality was Chemeketa, said to mean “meeting or resting place.” It may also have been the name of one of the bands of the Kalapuya Tribe. In 1840–1841, the Jason Lee Mission was moved from the banks of the Willamette River upstream to a site on Mill Creek. In 1842, the missionaries established the Oregon Institute. When the mission was dissolved in 1844, it was decided to lay out a townsite on the Oregon Institute lands. Either David Leslie, one of the trustees who came to Oregon from Salem, Massachusetts, or W. H. Willson, who filed plats in 1850–1851 for what is now the main part of the city, selected the name “Salem.” Salem is the Anglicized form of the Hebrew word shalom, meaning peace.*   The location of the Oregon capital caused a spirited contest that lasted nearly 15 years. By a legislative act in 1851, the territorial government moved the capital to Salem from Oregon City. In 1855, it was moved to Corvallis, only to move back to Salem the same year. Destruction of the Capitol Building at Salem on December 31, 1855, was considered an incendiary part of this controversy.   The close proximity of government provides Salem citizens with a distinct opportunity to be involved in the decision-making processes of the state. The citizens of Salem also have a long history of commitment to community improvement, a committment recognized nationally through the presentation of two All-America City Awards in 1960–1961 and 1982–1983.


The Duke de Richelieu’s French chef invented which sauce in 1756?

Hellmann's Print Hellmann’s Blue Ribbon History Hellmann's® products have been staples in American kitchens for generations. The brand's flagship product, Hellmann's® Real Mayonnaise, is the best-selling mayonnaise in the United States. Mayonnaise is said to be the invention of the French chef of the Duke de Richelieu in 1756. While the Duke was defeating the British at Port Mahon, his chef was creating a victory feast that included a sauce made of cream and eggs. When the chef realized that there was no cream in the kitchen, he improvised, substituting olive oil for the cream. A new culinary masterpiece was born, and the chef named it "Mahonnaise" in honor of the Duke's victory. In 1905, two years after arriving in the United States, German immigrant Richard Hellmann opened up a delicatessen in New York City. His delectable recipe for mayonnaise was featured in salads and sold in the deli, and the condiment quickly became so popular that Hellmann began selling it in "wooden boats" that were used for weighing butter. Originally, two versions of the recipe were sold, and to distinguish between them, Hellmann put a blue ribbon around one. The "ribbon" version was in such high demand that in 1912, Hellmann designed what is today the iconic "Blue Ribbon" label, to be placed on larger glass jars. In 1913, Hellmann's received its first trademark for the Blue Ribbon. At the same time that Hellmann's® Mayonnaise was flourishing in the East, Best Foods, Inc., introduced mayonnaise to Californian consumers. As Hellmann's® expanded on the east coast, Best Foods® proved to be a smashing success in the West. It was nearly inevitable that in 1932 Richard Hellmann Inc. was acquired by Best Foods, Inc. To this day, Hellmann's® Mayonnaise is sold east of the Rockies and Best Foods® Mayonnaise is sold west. Hellmann's® has always recognized consumers' demand for new and delicious products, and their desire to eat real foods. Here is a quick timeline of product introductions. 1920’s – Hellmann’s® introduced Tartar Sauce and Sandwich Spread. 1980’s – Light and Canola Cholesterol Free Mayonnaise were introduced. 1985 – Low Fat Mayonnaise Dressing is introduced. 1992 – Hellmann's® adds mustard with the introduction of Dijonnaise™ Creamy Mustard Blend. 2002 – New mayonnaise with an ethnic twist introduced: Mayonesa Con Jugo de Limón (Mayonnaise with Lime Juice), a flavor very popular among Hispanics. The lime juice adds a unique flavor to the classic, beloved mayonnaise. 2008 – Mayonnaise Dressing with Olive Oil is introduced. It combines the creamy, rich taste of Hellmann's® with the delicious goodness of olive oil. 2010 – Hellmann's® is the 1st consumer product of its stature and volume in the packaged foods industry to use 100% cage-free eggs, as certified by the American Humane Association(AHA) in its Light Mayonnaise. 2011 – Hellmann’s® adds AHA-certified cage-free eggs to two of its signature recipes: Canola Cholesterol Free Mayonnaise and Hellmann’s® Mayonnaise Dressing with Olive Oil. 2011 – Launched first limited-edition flavor: Mediterranean Garlic. 2012 – Hellmann’s® is committed to using cage-free eggs in its entire product line. Once the entire line is changed to certified cage-free eggs, it will impact approximately 1.8 million egg-laying hens. 2012 - Two more limited-edition flavors are released: Spicy Buffalo and Southwestern Ranch.


What is the name of the proof reading symbol which indicates where something is to be inserted in a line of printed or written text?

Proofreader's Marks Delete the word(s) or letter(s) indicated with a loop through them. close up There is an extra space. Delete it. Sometimes I use this when you have spelled a single word incorrectly as two words. indent An arrow pointing to a line at the beginning of a paragraph means you should indent the first line of your paragraph. In front of a long quoted passage, it means you should indent the entire passage. The vertical line indicates approximately how far you should indent.  # You need extra space, usually between two words that have been run together.  = Three lines under a letter or word means it should be capitalized  ^ insert A caret mark between two words means you should add the word or phrase I've suggested at that point  / slash A slash with letters or punctuation marks indicates you should add the character or characters indicated  // parallel Two slanted lines indicates that you have used an unparallel construction for a list or in another situation where the meaning of your sentence would be clearer if the parts were stated in the same manner.  ¶ paragraph This symbol indicates you should start a new paragraph. Often when this is marked, the resulting paragraphs need to be developed. You have switched topics in mid-paragraph and haven't fully explored them. ag agency This is when the subject of your sentence isn't the real actor. For instance, you might write: 'The story thought humans were created out of clay.' Since stories don't think, this sentence doesn't make sense. agree agreement Most commonly, this is marked when the subject and verb do not agree in numberyou have a plural noun with a singular verb, for instance. Sometimes it is the pronoun and its referent which do not agree in number or person. awk awkward The underlined phrase is grammatically correct, but there is a clearer, more concise way to phrase it. cs comma splice Two independent sentences have been joined by a comma, with no conjunction or other means to correctly join them. dm dangling modifier This is when the implied subject of the dependent clause is not the subject of the sentence that follows. Revise this by adding the correct subject to the clause. exp expand Tell more about the topic you just raised. Usually there is evidence from the text that you should use to back up an assertion you have made or the issue is more complicated than you have indicated from your discussion of it. expl explain As with 'expand,' you need to discuss this topic more in your paper, explaining why you hold the view you do or where you see evidence of it in the text. ev evidence You need to show where you found evidence in the text to support the point you are trying to make. font font size The size font appears bigger than 12 pt or you have chosen a font that sets significantly bigger than Times or Helvetica. Please use 12 pt Times or an equivalent legible font for your essays. 10 pt is acceptible, especially if you don't have Times or Helvetica and need to use Courier or another font that looks big on the page. frag fragment This is when a sentence lacks a subject and a verb or when it is a dependent clause and therefore can not stand alone as a sentence. Often you can revise this error by linking the fragment to the sentence before or after it, though sometimes it is better to add the subject. fused fused Two independent sentences have been run together as if they are one, with no conjunction or other means to correctly join them. inc incomplete Similar to a fragment, this is when a word is missing from your sentence. I often mark an 'x' in the sentence where I think you need the word iq introduce the quote Whenever you quote from a text, you should integrate the quoted passage into your essay by providing a phrase or sentence that sets up the context of the quote, introduces who is speaking, and begins an interpretation. After a quotation, you should also explain the significance of the quoted passage. mixed This is when the grammar of your sentence switches in mid sentence. mm misplaced modifier This is when word or phrase (usually und


Ronald Reagan was governor of which US state?

Governors of California - Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan Born: February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois Died: June 5, 2004 in Los Angeles, California Married: Nancy Davis on March 4, 1952 Political Party: Republican Wife: Jane Wyman, Nancy Davis Children: Maureen and Michael (with Jane Wyman), Patricia and Ronald (with Nancy Davis) Find out more about the time period and interests of Ronald Reagan Did You Know? Reagan holds the distinction of being the only California governor to become President of the United States On February 6, 1998, Washington National Airport was renamed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport by a bill signed into law by President Bill Clinton Biography Ronald Wilson Reagan was born February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois. Most of his childhood was spent in Dixon, Illinois, a small town about 100 miles west of Chicago. Reagan won a scholarship to study at Eureka College near Peoria, Illinois and majored in economics. He was also drawn toward acting, but upon graduation in 1932 the only job available related to show business was as a local radio sportscaster. In 1933 he became a sportscaster for station WHO in Des Moines, Iowa. In 1937 Reagan went to Hollywood and began an acting career that spanned more than 25 years. He played in more than 50 films and his first political activities were associated with his responsibilities as a union leader; Reagan was active in the Screen Actors Guild (the union for film actors), and was elected six times as its president. During 1942 to 1945, Reagan served in the United States Army Air Force. Reagan emerged on the national political scene in 1964 when he made an impassioned television speech supporting the Republican presidential candidate, U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater from Arizona. Although Goldwater lost the election, Reagan's speech brought recognition from Republicans around the country. He ran for governor of California in 1966, defeating Edmund G. (Pat) Brown, Sr., the incumbent Democrat, by almost a million votes. Reagan became the 33rd Governor of California. During his first term Reagan temporarily stopped government hiring to slow the growth of the state workforce, but he also approved tax increases to balance the state budget. Reagan was elected to a second term in 1970. Governor Reagan worked with the Democratic majority in the state legislature to enact a major reform of the welfare system in 1971. The reform reduced the number of people receiving state aid while increasing the benefits for those who remained eligible. During his tenure as governor, Reagan chaired the Republican Governors Association from 1968 to 1969. Reagan ran for President in 1980, successfully beating the incumbent, President Jimmy Carter to become the nationâs 40th president. Reelected in 1984, Reagan presided over broad changes in U.S. government economic and social policy. After retiring to California, Reagan remained politically visible and active, becoming a national and international spokesman. He published his autobiography, An American Life, in 1990 and opened the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California in 1991. In 1993 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In November 1994 Reagan announced that he had Alzheimer's disease, and he subsequently died of the illness in 2004. Budgets


In November 1935, Parker Brothers released which board game in the US?

Monopoly Board Game History: Anniversary of Parker Brothers Sales Wallace Kirkland—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images US troops on a transport to Australia playing Monopoly, in 1942 Nov. 5, 1935: Parker Brothers begins marketing the game Monopoly When Parker Brothers rolled the dice on “the real estate game,” it did so reluctantly. The game seemed too long, too complicated, and too niche: who, after all, would get excited about buying imaginary realty in Atlantic City? The brainchild of an out-of-work heating contractor named Charles Darrow, according to the New York Times, the game that became Monopoly wildly outperformed Parker Brothers’ modest expectations, becoming the most popular game in history . Although they initially rejected Darrow’s offer to sell it to them, the powers that be at Parker Brothers changed their minds after the independently manufactured game began flying off the shelves of a Philadelphia department store, though the company still believed the game was a fad that would soon fade. They began marketing it as Monopoly on this day, Nov. 5, in 1935. Monopoly sales soon made Darrow so rich that he abandoned the heating trade for a hothouse hobby: growing orchids. According to Hasbro , which acquired Parker Brothers in 1991, more than 275 million Monopoly games — including more than 6 billion green houses and 2.25 billion red hotels — have been sold since 1935. And while Monopoly remains a fixture in American homes, it has undergone periodic changes in an effort to stay relevant. Last year, following a vote on the Monopoly Facebook page , game lovers chose a new token — a cat, which triumphed over proposed tokens including a toy robot, a guitar, a helicopter, and a diamond ring — to replace the least popular of the existing tokens: the iron. It wasn’t the first upheaval among the tokens, which have at times included a purse, a lantern, an elephant, a horse and rider, and a rocking horse. The game board has gone through a number of updates, too, and met with mixed reviews. In 1978, to celebrate the legalization of gambling in Atlantic City, Parker Brothers released a new version called “Advance to Boardwalk,” which allowed players to build casinos, according to the Times. It never became popular. In 2006, Hasbro released the “Here and Now” edition, meant to bring the game into the 21st century — in all its branded glory — with corporatized tokens including McDonald’s fries, a Starbucks coffee cup, a New Balance sneaker and a Toyota Prius. According to TIME’s coverage of the new edition , the properties in that version: … include real estate from around the country, selected by online vote. The railroads have become airports. Weimar-style hyperinflation has set in–for passing Go, you collect $2 million–but Times Square is a bargain at $4 mil, and while it’s a refreshing admission that, yes, you can buy the White House, it cost the present occupant far more than $3.2 million. This spring, Hasbro adopted a grassroots approach to improving the game by polling players on their “house rules,” acknowledging their findings that half of all Monopoly players have made up their own rules and 68% have never read the official rules all the way through. The House Rules Edition includes the five most popular of those made-up rules, which include doubling the amount collected for passing “Go,” collecting an additional $500 for rolling “snake eyes,” and not collecting rent while in jail. To appease purists, Hasbro points out that these rules are, of course, entirely optional. Read more about the 2006 edition of Monopoly, here in TIME’s archives: Monopoly in Elysium


Which scientist was granted 1093 US patents for his inventions?

The Father of Invention - The New York Times The New York Times N.Y. / Region |The Father of Invention Search Continue reading the main story THE simple version of the story of Thomas Alva Edison, the one most schoolchildren learn, is that he invented the phonograph, the incandescent light bulb and the motion picture camera. These three innovations were wonders in their time. But they do not begin to explain how this man -- who spent most of his adulthood living and working in New Jersey and whose 150th birthday is being celebrated this year -- changed the world. Virtually every Edison scholar now agrees that Edison's most important accomplishment was not the inventions themselves, but the invention of the invention industry. Edison is nothing less than the father of modern research and development. Part businessman, part scientist, part publicity man, Edison took his essential curiosity about the way things worked and -- using a large posse of laboratory assistants, the patent system and lawyers to enforce the patents -- leveraged it into an industrial empire that, at its peak in the mid-1910's, supported a 10,000-worker factory here. ''Edison does probably more than any individual in 19th-century industry to establish the idea that you can have a steady stream of innovations, and that technology can be deployed for strategic purposes,'' says W. Bernard Carlson, associate professor of technology, culture and communication at the University of Virginia. Continue reading the main story All the great R & D labs of the pharmaceutical industry, which dot Route 1 and other New Jersey highways, owe their existence to Edison's idea that great discoveries are best made not by solitary geniuses but in large, well-organized, well-financed groups. Advertisement Continue reading the main story But the limits of Edison's genius are as interesting as his accomplishments. One of the Edison's most important legacies is his part in creating the modern consumer market. Edison literally wired us, turning us into a nation of workaholics and insomniacs. It was his sound recording system and his movie camera that would lay the foundation for Motown and Hollywood. For all Edison's genius in creating the world of mass media, it was a world he never quite comprehended; although he delivered us into the 20th century he was still, at heart, a 19th-century man. ''Edison gets killed in the phonograph business and, more importantly, in motion pictures,'' Prof. Carlson says. ''What he never really understands is that a big piece of the business is going to be in what we would call the 'software' side.'' Although historians of technology will endlessly debate whether Edison's story can best be understood by looking at the modern-day figures of Steven Jobs, who largely invented the personal computer, or Bill Gates, who has profited most by that invention, Professor Carlson prefers to compare Edison to Moses. ''He invents the technology that undergirds the consumer culture of the 20th century,'' Professor Carlson says. ''He brings Americans there. But he's unable to participate. Like Moses, Edison was unable to enter promised land.'' Patents: Bell 30, Edison 1,093 To get a sense of why Edison will always be remembered, one only has to compare him with his competitor Alexander Graham Bell. Bell and Edison had a great deal in common. Both famous inventors were born in 1847, and both were concerned with the problems of the deaf. Edison himself was partly deaf, a fact that Neil Baldwin, author of the 1995 biography ''Edison: Inventing the Century,'' says explains much of his personality and his life -- his inability to fit into a regular school, his reputation for being antisocial and his failure in the record industry. And Bell taught the deaf. And so it is no coincidence that both Edison and Bell would be instrumental in the two great inventions concerning sound. Although Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was Edison's modification of the transmitter two years later that made the telephone a practical device. And while Edison invented the phonograph i


Which band released a 1977 album entitled ‘Aja’?

Steely Dan - Aja Aja Certified Platinum: 12/27/77 Aja is the third Steely Dan album since songwriters Walter Becker and Donald Fagen discarded a fixed-band format in late 1974. Since then they have declined to venture beyond the insular comfort of L.A. studios, recording their compositions with a loose network of session musicians. As a result, the conceptual framework of their music has shifted from the pretext of rock & roll toward a smoother, awesomely clean and calculated mutation of various rock, pop and jazz idioms. Their lyrics... remain as pleasantly obtuse and cynical as ever. Aja will continue to fuel the argument by rock purists that Steely Dan's music is soulless, and by its calculated nature antithetical to what rock should be. But this is in many ways irrelevant to a final evaluation of this band, the only group around with no conceptual antecedent from the Sixties. Steely Dan's six albums contain some of the few important stylistic innovations in pop music in the past decade. By returning to swing and early be-bop for inspiration -- before jazz diverged totally from established conventions of pop-song structure -- Fagen and Becker have overcome the amorphous quality that has plagued most other jazz-rock fusion attempts. "Peg" and "Josie" illustrate this perfectly: tight, modal tunes with good hooks in the choruses, solid beats with intricate counterrhythms and brilliantly concise guitar solos. Like most of the rest of Aja, these songs are filled out with complex horn charts, synthesizers and lush background vocals that flirt with schmaltzy L.A. jazz riffs. When topped by Fagen's singing, they sound like production numbers from an absurdist musical comedy. The title cut is the one song on Aja that shows real growth in Becker's and Fagen's songwriting capabilities and departs from their previous work. It is the longest song they've recorded, but it fragilely holds our attention with vaguely Oriental instrumental flourishes and lyric references interwoven with an opiated jazz flux. "Aja" may prove to be the farthest Becker and Fagen can take certain elements of their musical ambition. Lyrically, these guys still seem to savor the role they must have acquired as stoned-out, hyperintelligent pariahs at a small Jewish college on the Hudson. Their imagery can become unintelligibly weird (Frank Zappa calls it "downer surrealism"); it's occasionally accessible but more often (as on the title song) it elicits a sort of deja vu tease that becomes hopelessly nonsensical the more you think about it. Focus your attention on the imagery of a specific phrase, then let it fade out. Well, at least it beats rereading the dildo sequence in Naked Lunch. The Royal Scam, was the closest thing to a "concept" album Steely Dan has done, an attempt to return musically to New York City, with both a raunchier production quality and a fascination with grim social realism. The farthest Aja strays from the minor joys and tribulations of the good life in L.A. are the dreamy title cut and "Josie," which hints ominously about a friendly welcome-home gang-bang. The melodramatic "Black Cow" is about love replaced by repulsion for a woman who starts getting too strung out on downers and messing around with other men. "Deacon Blues" (a thematic continuation of "Fire in the Hole" and "Any World") exemplifies this album's mood: resignation to the L.A. musician's lifestyle, in which one must "crawl like a viper through these suburban streets" yet "make it my home sweet home." The title and first lines of "Home at Last" (presumably a clever interpretation of Homer's Odyssey -- I don't get it) put it right up front: "I know this superhighway/This bright familiar sun/I guess that I'm the lucky one." More than any of Steely Dan's previous albums (with the possible exception of ), Aja exhibits a carefully manipulated isolation from its audience, with no pretense of embracing it. What underlies Steely Dan's music -- and may, with this album, be showing its limitations -- is its extreme intellectual self-consciousness, both in music and lyrics. Given th


Who invented the Miners Safety Lamp in 1815?

Humphry Davy's miners' safety lamp | The Royal Institution: Science Lives Here Davy lamp → Humphry Davy's miners' safety lamp The first ever prototype of Davy’s miner’s safety lamp. Created in 1815, it was designed to be lit safely for miners to use without allowing the heat from the flame to explode the concentration of methane gas often found as miners dug deeper. Humphry Davy miners' lamps. Basement Laboratory of the Ri Alternative name Mining, Humphry Davy, coal, gauze, safety lamp, firedamp, light, invention Description Following a number of serious explosions in North East coal mines due to pockets of flammable gas known as 'firedamp', Humphry Davy was asked by the Rector of Bishopwearmouth (near Newcastle) to find a means of lighting coal mines safely. In an intense period of work from mid-October to December 1815, Davy made various prototype lamps. The final design was very simple: a basic lamp with a wire gauze chimney enclosing the flame. The holes let light pass through, but the metal of the gauze absorbs the heat.  The lamp is safe to use because the flame can't heat enough flammable gas to cause an explosion, although the flame itself will change colour. The lamp was successfully tested in Hebburn colliery in January 1816 and quickly went into production. The introduction of the lamp had an immediate effect, decreasing the number of fatalities per million tons of coal produced enormously and also increased the amount of coal produced as it allowed miners to mine deeper seams of coal.  In this way it made a fundamental contribution to the continuing industrialisation of Britain and to many other mining  countries, during the nineteeth century. At precisely the same time however George Stephenson, a mining engineer at Killingworth Colliery, was also working on the problem.  He independently invented a remarkably similar lamp and soon the two inventors were locked in a bitter dispute over priority.  Davy needed to differentiate his lamp from Stephenson’s and therefore claimed that his invention was the product of scientific research, despite there being very little science in it - indeed the only science in the lamp is the discovery (made independently by Davy, Stephenson and Smithson Tennant) that explosions would not pass through narrow tubes. Davy won this battle of words going on to become President of the Royal Society, while Stephenson went on to invent the first steam powered locomotive for the railroad. To help rubbish Stephenson’s claims Davy acquired some of his lamps to try to demonstrate how useless they were.  These can be found on display alongside Davy’s prototypes in the Light Corridor area of our exhibition, on the lower ground floor. Where can I view this? This object is currently on display in the lower ground floor of the Royal Institution in the Faraday Museum . More images Humphry Davy's miners safety lamp Credit: Royal Institution


What is the highest range of the female singing voice?

Female Vocal Range - Various Singing Voice Types for Women | Your Personal Singing Guide Female Vocal Range and Voice Types! There are many vocal ranges and voice types for females, and this section will discuss about the 3 main types of female voices, their respective note ranges, as well as how their tessituras or most comfortable voice ranges differ from each other. One point to note: There is a difference between the 2 terms – Vocal Range and Voice Type; The Range of our Voice refers to the range of notes that the voice can reach or produce a sound at, whereas Voice Type refers to the various kinds of voices classified using certain criteria like range of vocals, tessituras, register transition points, vocal timbre or tone and so on. Click on the links provided above to learn how to find the full range of your voice, as well as understand more about the various voice classification criteria and learn how to determine your own voice type! Now, the 3 main types of female voices are as follows: 1. Soprano Let us look at each of these voices in more detail: 1. SOPRANO As many of us would know, the Soprano voice is the highest of the female voices, and many of us would be familiar with this voice type. I am sure many ladies out there would be envious of their Soprano friends who seem to be able to hit the high notes with such ease! A typical Soprano vocal range would probably be from the A note below middle C (A3) to the F or G note 2 octaves above (F6 or G6), making it a range of 2 plus to 3 octaves. Of course, this is not to be taken as an exact measurement but more as a rough guideline for soprano voices, and proper breath support must be used when measuring vocal ranges during singing. The Soprano Tessitura is also usually higher than the other female voice types, considering that the overall vocal range is the highest among the female voices. A Soprano would also probably transition out of her chest voice around the E flat note above middle C (E4) and shift into her head voice around the F sharp note one octave above the middle C (F5). The soprano voice usually has a bright tone, and she would usually have a strong head voice, but a relatively weaker middle voice. Sopranos are also able to sing more high notes and sustain at a high pitch better than a mezzo soprano can, and they are also most often the lead role for operas or shows. 2. MEZZO SOPRANO For most ladies out there, you would probably belong to this voice type as the Mezzo Soprano voice is the most common female voice type out of the 3 main types, and it lies between the higher Soprano voice and the lower Contralto voice. The vocal range for the Mezzo Soprano voice would be likely between the G note below middle C (G3) to the C note more than 2 octaves above (C6), making it also a range of around slightly more than 2 octaves. The Mezzo Soprano Tessitura or most comfortable vocal range lies somewhere between the Soprano Tessitura and the Contralto Tessitura. The Mezzo would probably transition out of chest voice around the E note just above middle C (E4) and shift into head voice around the E note one octave above the middle C octave (E5). Be sure to avoid the common singing problem of head raising when you are measuring your register transitions. The Mezzo Soprano has a stronger middle voice and a weaker head voice as compared to the Soprano. Also, the tone of the Mezzo Soprano’s voice is darker or deeper than the Soprano’s. 3. CONTRALTO The Contralto voice is the lowest among the female voices, and it is certainly more unique among females, as the typical female voices would probably either be the Soprano or Mezzo Soprano voices. Also, a common misconception would be to use the term ‘Alto’ instead of ‘Contralto’ to refer to female voices with this low range of notes. We should use the term ‘Contralto’ to refer to this low female voice type, as ‘Alto’ more commonly refers to the range or notes to be sung and is not exactly a voice type. The term ‘Alto’ is commonly used in choral singing to refer to the vocal parts to be sung by singers doing the Alto sectio


Dublin, in Ireland, lies on which river?

Rivers of Ireland | Look Around Ireland Rivers of Ireland Rivers of Ireland The rivers of Ireland are one of the most intriguing elements of the landscape. In proportion to the size of the island of Ireland, there exists a huge amount of rivers and river kilometres. The River Shannon is the longest in the British Isles. Apart from the 10 longest rivers listed below, there are shorter but significant rivers of great importance to the towns and cities they pass through or where they enter the sea. Some of these would include the River Lagan, which exits through Belfast, the River Foyle, which forms a very wide expanse of water as it exits through Derry City. The Avonmore and Avonbeg Rivers form the famous Meeting of the Waters joining as the River Avoca and then enter the Irish Sea at the busy port of Arklow in County Wicklow .   10 Longest Rivers of Ireland River Shannon                     386km   The Avoca The River Avoca is somewhat unusual as it begins as two separate rivers, the Avonmore (in Irish, Abhainn Mhór, meaning “large river”) and the Avonbeg (Abhainn Bheag, meaning “small river”). These two rivers converge to form the Avoca. This happens at the “ Meeting of the Waters ”, a place of incredible scenic beauty.The river itself is located in the county of Wicklow and enters the sea at Arklow. It flows through the Irish village also named Avoca which is the setting for the BBC series “Ballykissangel”. Despite its amazing natural beauty, major concerns have arisen in recent years concerning pollution of the river.   The Bandon The Bandon is a river located in Co. Cork . It rises in the Shehy Mountains in the west of the county and flows eastward through Dunmanway, Balineen, Enniskeane, Bandon and Inishannon to Kinsale Harbour. The river is a good fishing area and has an estimated catch of 1300 salmon and a similar catch of sea-trout per year.   The Bann The Bann is the longest river in Northern Ireland , stretching a total of 129 kilometres from the Mourne Mountains in County Down to the northern coast of Ireland, entering the Atlantic Ocean at Portstewart. The Bann is unusual as it flows into the very large Lough Neagh at Bannfoot, Co. Armagh before continuing its journey northward. The has led to the River Bann being divided into two rivers; the Upper Bann which lies to the south of Lough Neagh and the Lower Bann which lies to the north. Numerous activities take place along the Bann, including cruises, canoeing, rowing, waterskiing, angling and several others.   The Barrow The Barrow is one of the “Three Sisters” rivers which are comprised of the Nore, the Suir and the Barrow. All three rise in the same mountainous area of Tipperary and flow in a southerly direction. It is 192 kilometres in length (the second longest in Ireland) and enters the Atlantic Ocean at Waterford. It also links with the Grand Canal at Athy, which connects Dublin with the Shannon in the west. The Barrow also passes through the town of New Ross in Co. Wexford where the replica famine ship “ The Dunbrody ” can be seen.   The Boyne The River Boyne, one of the more well-known Irish rivers, has its source near Edenderry, Co. Offaly . It is approximately 112 kilometres in length and enters the Irish Sea at Drogheda. The River Boyne is a highly popular fishing area, particularly for trout and salmon fishing, and also boasts many beautiful scenic views along its course. However, the Boyne is most renowned for its prominence in Irish history and folklore. The Battle of the Boyne took place in 1690 near Drogheda along the banks of the river and would be considered one of the most famous battles in Irish history. Steeped in Celtic mythology, the River Boyne is also believed to be the location of “ The Salmon of Knowledge ”, an ancient Irish legend.   The Corrib The River Corrib is located in Co. Galway and is one of Ireland’s shortest rivers, a mere 6 kilometres in length. Despite this, it is quite well-known as it flows through the heart of Galway City after travelling the short distance from Lough Corrib where it rises. The Corrib is also one of


Which playing card is known as ‘The Death Card’?

Death Cards - Psychological Operations SGM Herb Friedman (Ret.) Note: Images from this article were used in Three Practical     Lessons from the Science of Influence Operations Message Design by M. Afzal Upal,     Canadian Military Journal, Volume 14, No 2, 2014. We dont know where the idea of an ace of spades representing  death first originated. We do know that during the reign of Murder  Incorporated in the 1930s, at least two gangsters were assassinated and left with  aces in their hands. One of the unidentified criminals with an ace of spades is depicted  on the cover of the Burton B. Turkus book Murder Inc.: the Story of the Syndicate.  Turkus also mentions Salvatore Marinzano, an early Cosa Nostra crime boss who was  assassinated by a younger faction led by Lucky Luciano. When Marazano was killed, he had  an Ace of Diamonds in his hand. In 2010 a self-proclaimed witch wrote to me from Britain with a historical  explanation. I have shortened it considerably but perhaps it will shed some light on the  mysterious history of the ace of spades: There are 52 cards.  Each card stands for a week in the year.  The   thirteen cards in each suit also stand for the thirteen lunar months in the year.  The suits stand for the seasons.  The red suits are feminine, warm, positive, upward   looking, etc.  The black ones are masculine, cold, negative, regressive, etc. There are four main Sabbats - the Ace of Spades relates to the week of   Yule.  Yule, at the beginning of winter was a date dreaded by the old peasantry   - the beginning of winter heralded a time of famine, or a Time of the Wolf.  The   Ace of Spades stands for the first week of winter, beginning 21 December.  Supplies   would be running low, and the last of the meat would be slaughtered and cured to eat in   the months ahead.   Offerings would be made to the dead, and the elderly would be   sure that their last wishes were known, in case it was their turn.  The Ace of Spades represents the Death of the Year and the start of a new one,   when the wheel turns again.  The reason why it is a trump card is that Death comes   for all of us in the end, and there is no escape - even for kings. The spade is   also known in the Tarot as the sword - a symbol of war.  The symbol could represent a   heart with a spike in it, a severed head on a spike, a cowled head, an evergreen yew,   or a dead leaf - all emblems of Death.   In 2012, a Canadian reader sent in a simpler and perhaps more accurate reason for  the Ace of Spades as a death card. He said: A spade is also a shovel and shovels are used to dig graves. VIETNAM The ace of spades, the so-called "death card" is featured in many  movies about the Vietnam War. The symbol is also depicted on various unit crests, special  operations privately-made patches, collar insignia, and on flags and painted vignettes on  military aircraft and gun trucks. Ace of Spades Gun Truck An example of such a gun truck is "Ace of Spades" of the 523rd  Transportation Company based in Phu Bai , Vietnam . Former crewmember Sergeant Sammy Seay  bought this military vehicle in 2003 and rebuilt it into a replica of his units 1971  Vietnam-era truck at a cost of about $50,000. The above Gun truck was a 5-ton M54 cargo  truck converted by soldiers. Double-walled steel plating surrounds the outside of the  truck, which is equipped with four .50-caliber machine guns, two M-60 machine guns and an  M-79 grenade launcher. Just one authentic gun truck survives from Vietnam . It is displayed  at the U.S. Army Transportation Museum in Ft. Eustis Virginia . Another interesting folktale about the ace of spades that is certainly a myth is found  in an article entitled "Forked-Tongue Warriors," by Ian Urbina writing in New  Yorks Village Voice: But there are also some PSYOP success stories. In Vietnam, US planes sprinkled   enemy territory with playing cards, but prior to carpet bombing, they dropped only the ace   of spades. Before long, the Pavlovian technique took hold, and just the dropping of aces


Mirin is a type of wine used for flavouring the cuisine of which country?

What is Mirin? (with picture) What is Mirin? Last Modified Date: 16 December 2016 Copyright Protected: Can you see through these real-life optical illusions? Characterized by a sweet taste and a low alcohol content, mirin is a popular Japanese cooking wine. While it's most commonly used in cooking, the wine is sometimes employed as a ceremonial drink at the beginning of the new year and a few other special occasions. Its main benefit is the dash of sweetness that the alcohol provides for a number of dishes and sauces that are common to Japanese cuisine. In appearance, mirin has a golden hue that is very pleasing to the eye. In addition, the inclusion of this sweet cooking wine will also provide slight sheen when used to prepare fish and various types of meat. Using it as an ingredient for coating or covering with a sauce helps to enhance the presentation of the dish, helping the food to be as visually appealing as it is flavorful. The creation of this wine begins with use glutinous rice that is combined with distilled spirits. Manufacturers only allow the fermentation process to go so far, since the focus is on achieving the correct level of sweetness and not necessarily a given level of alcohol content. It is the sweet property of the wine that helps to lessen the overall impact of strong fish odors in a number of recipes, while still managing to enhance the flavors of other ingredients in the recipe. Ad While mirin does not have a high alcohol content, it is often found in the liquor department of supermarkets, as well as in wine and spirits shops. This is true even for the two ceremonial versions that are used to celebrate the new year, hon and shin. Because the sweet taste is very strong, a small amount of wine in a recipe will produce excellent results. Mirin is still primarily an additive in dishes that are indigenous to Japan, but more people are choosing to use it as an ingredient in other dishes as well. It is ideal for toning down strong tastes and odors with a variety of meats, which may allow it become a more common item in kitchens around the world. Ad


Emerald and aquamarine are varieties of which gemstone?

BERYL (Emerald, Aquamarine and other gem varieties) Emerald - Weak; green to blue green. Aquamarine - Weak; blue to darker blue. Morganite - Weak; light red to light violet Heliodor - Weak; greenish yellow to yellow Color: See above. Goshenite is colorless beryl. The name     Emerald denotes hues that are emerald green. Other green varieties     should be referred to as green     beryl . A rare red variety (Red Beryl) resembling fine ruby, from Utah, and a rare deep     blue variety (Maxixe-Brazil) are also known. U.V. Fluorescence: Emerald - none to weak orange-red or green. Others very weak to none. Synthetic emerald may fluoresce a weak dull red and appear       opaque under long u.v. light. Emerald The most popular of colored stones. Birthstone for   May. Color and clarity highly variable, major factors in valuation. The soft, velvety   appearance and "lime Jell-O" color of the best emeralds is unique among all   natural gems, hard to confuse with anything else. Characteristically, nearly all stones   are included, with the best colored stones sometimes being the most included. The term jardin (meaning garden) is used for mossy-appearing, densely included stones. Good stones of high   clarity and color are extremely rare in sizes above 2 to 3 carats. Color is highly prized;   weakly colored, light to medium green stone of excellent clarity up to 5 carats in size do   not command the price of smaller, more included stones of better color.     Unlike other gem beryl, emeralds   are nearly always mined in situ; they seldom survive fluvial transport, perhaps due   to an abundance of inclusions, which decreases their toughness.     Emeralds can be synthesized by   both flux-growth and hydrothermal processes. The two current major manufacturers, who both   employ the flux-growth technique, are Chatham Research Laboratories in San Francisco ( Chatham Created Emerald ) and Ets.   Ceramiques Pierre Gilson (Gilson Emerald). Such synthetic emeralds   are easily distinguished from naturals by having somewhat lower R.I.s and S.G.s,   and by inclusions . There are several   other current and former manufacturers; Biron   is perhaps the best known one that employs hydrothermal synthesis. 1) Muzo - Emerald in calcite veins that invade black shale. Rough is often color zoned with paler core. Both Muzo and Chivor         emeralds are characterized by three-phase inclusions - trapped fluid containing gas,         fluid, and crystals of halite. Muzo emeralds often contain inclusions of calcite and         yellow-brown needles of the mineral parisite . Mines owned by government since 1871; have been leased to various         operators since then. Five year leases instituted in 1977 discontinued in 1982(?) due in         part to poor recovery brought about by rapid mining techniques (dynamite and bulldozers).         10 year leases were most recently held by two companies, Tecminas and Coesminas, who         developed underground workings. Once the most prolific emerald mines in the world. S.G.=2.71; R.I.E=1.578, R.I.O=1.584. 2) Chivor - Emerald in quartz-albite-apatite veins that invade a gray calcareous shale. Chivor emerald has a lower S.G. and lower R.I. (S.G.=2.69, R.I.E=1.571; R.I.O=1.577) than Muzo emerald. Crystals tend to be more elongate than those       from Muzo. Color is said to tend toward a bluer green ("cool       green") as opposed to the slightly yellower green ("warm       green") of Muzo. Characteristic inclusions are pyrite and       albite . The Chivor mines are privately owned; owners pay a 25% royalty on       all production to the Colombian government. Recent reports indicate little production, but       the possibility of new       ownership renewed hope that these mines would       once again become productive. 3) Also mining areas at Cosquez (near Muzo) and Gachala       (near Chivor). B. Zimbabwe- Sandawana Valley (S.G.=2.755; R.I.E=1.586,     R