"Who painted ""A Bar at the Folies-Bergre""?"

Manet's Bar at the Folies-Bergere (Getty Center Exhibitions) Manet's Bar at the Folies-Bergere Manet's Bar at the Folies-Bergere June 5–September 9, 2007 at the Getty Center A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (detail), Édouard Manet, 1882 The Samuel Courtauld Trust, Courtauld Institute of Art Gallery, London   Curator Scott Allan discusses the visual inconsistencies in the painting. French painter Édouard Manet presented A Bar at the Folies-Bergère at the 1882 Paris Salon exhibition just one year before his death. The painting is the culmination of his interest in scenes of urban leisure and spectacle, a subject that he had developed in dialogue with Impressionism over the previous decade. On loan from the Courtauld Institute of Art Gallery in London, the painting is a masterpiece that has perplexed and inspired artists and scholars since it was painted over 100 years ago. The Folies-Bergère was one of the most elaborate variety-show venues in Paris, showcasing entertainment ranging from ballets to circus acts. Another attraction was the barmaids, who were assumed by many contemporary observers to be available as clandestine prostitutes. By depicting one of these women and her male customer on an imposing scale, Manet brazenly introduced a morally suspect, contemporary subject into the realm of high art. By treating the topic with deadpan seriousness and painterly brilliance, Manet staked his claim to be remembered as the heroic "painter of modern life" envisaged by critics like Charles Baudelaire. A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, Édouard Manet, 1882   Learn more about the Folies-Bergère and modern Paris. In addition to the social tensions evoked by the painting's subject, Manet's composition presents a visual puzzle. The barmaid looks directly at the viewer, while the mirror behind her reflects the large hall and patrons of the Folies-Bergère. Manet seems to have painted the image from a viewpoint directly opposite the barmaid. Yet this viewpoint is contradicted by the reflection of the objects on the bar and the figures of the barmaid and a patron off to the right. Given such inconsistencies, Manet seems not to have offered a single, determinate position from which to confidently make sense of the whole. In the installation at the Getty Center, a mirror has been installed to help dramatize the questions of vision and reflection raised by Manet's painting.   The visual and psychological ambiguities of A Bar at the Folies-Bergère have prompted many questions:  How are we to characterize the barmaid's expression?  What is the nature of the viewer's relationship to the barmaid?  What is happening between the barmaid and the man reflected in the mirror?  If we see the man's reflection in the mirror, why isn't his figure also visible in front of the bar?  Why is there no indication in the mirror of the balcony walkway on which we imagine the man, or ourselves, to be standing?  Why are the reflections of the figures and still life objects displaced so far to the right? The more one reflects on Manet's painting, the more difficult it becomes to project a straightforward narrative onto it, and the more conscious and uncertain we become of our position as spectators. At once invoking and undermining the traditional notion of painting-as-mirror, Manet's work becomes a profound interrogation of the act of looking itself. What's Your Reaction to the Painting?


"What type of apple was adopted by The Beatles' ""Apple Records"" as its symbol?"

What's at the core of Apple Records vs. Apple Ipod? | legalzoom.com Article Center ▸ Legal News ▸ Corporate Lawsuits ▸What's at the core of Apple Records vs. Apple Ipod? What's at the core of Apple Records vs. Apple Ipod? by Alice Graves , December 2009 This suit is something the Flower Children of the sixties probably never expected. For the third time since 1981, Apple Computer is being sued by the Beatles' Apple Corps for trademark infringement. To briefly distinguish between trademarks and service-marks, a trademark is a picture, symbol or word that identifies a product. A service-mark identifies a service. Everyone knows NBC's colorful peacock feather trademark. CBS is recognizable by the open eye. And the distinctive green Granny Smith marked the Fab Four's Apple Records label. In the world of service-marks, think of the Rock of Gibraltar, which is the service-mark of Prudential insurance. And Apple Computers sells computers and computer services. For many years, but not in recent years, the name Apple was associated with the Beatles and their record company. Apple Records was founded in 1968 by the Beatles as a tax shelter. The label still releases compilations by the Beatles, such as The Beatles Anthology. The holding company, Apple Corps, Ltd., is still in existence. Then along came Apple computers. In 1978, Apple Corps sued Apple Computer for trademark violations. In 1981, Apple Computer settled for $80,000 and a promise to stay out of the music business. In 1991, Apple Corps sued Apple Computer again, alleging that by adding sound to computers, the computer company was in violation of the 1981 agreement. This time Apple Computer paid $26.5 million. The computer giant agreed that although it may be involved in digital music, it would not package, sell or distribute any physical music materials, such as CDs. The third lawsuit was filed in July 2003. Apple Corps alleges that the iTunes online music store violates the 1991 agreement. The looming question up for courtroom debate is whether iTunes Music Store sells physical music materials, such as CDs. iTunes sells songs in digital format that can only be played on an Apple iPod. The songs are downloaded, so the only physical material involved is the software. One legal analyst commented that the use of software to distribute music seems to be within Apple Computers' rights under the 1991 agreement. After all, Apple is not selling CDs. In most trademark disputes, liability is often limited to profits derived from violations. In this case, Apple's online iTunes is barely profitable. From every 99 cents Apple gets from a single download, 65 cents goes straight to the record label. Another 25 cents goes to distribution costs. So Apple only makes a few paltry cents on each download, surely no great profit. But Apple persists because it is selling iPods. Each $499 iPod nets around $175 in profit. There is lots of speculation about the outcome of this latest dispute. Some analysts believe it may bring the biggest settlement anywhere in legal history outside of a class action suit. After all, Apple has tied its future to the iPod and tightly bundled it with iTunes. Some predict the suit could result in Apple Corps becoming a major share holder in Apple Computer, possibly with Paul McCartney as a board member. Another possibility is that the court will order Apple Computer to remove its trademark from iTunes and iPods and set up a new company to sell them. Apple is already preparing for that. For anyone who has ever searched for "Hey Jude" or any other Beatles hit in the iTunes catalog, don't expect to find it. That's because Apple Corps is wary about the effect of technology on royalties. But who knows? Maybe the rights to those songs will become available as part of the settlement, particularly if Sir Paul sits on Apple's board. Interestingly, the judge hearing this case has confessed to being an iPod user. So far, neither party has asked him to step down. In the meantime, we'll just have to wait and see which port this legal yellow submarine anchors in


"In golf, what is the term for ""two strokes under par""?"

What Do Birdies, Bogeys and Pars Mean in Golf? By Brent Kelley Updated July 24, 2016. So you're new to the game of golf and you keep hearing references to birdies and bogeys , eagles and pars . What are those things, anyway? What do those golf scoring terms mean? Glad you asked. They are terms that describe different types of scores on an individual golf hole . Start With Par, Go From There Start with par, because all golf scoring terms are defined in relation to par. "Par" refers to the number of strokes an expert golfer is expected to need to complete the play of one hole on a golf course . Golf holes of different lengths will require more or fewer strokes by a golfer. And regardless of length, the par number of a hole always allows for two putts. So a 150-yard hole is one on which the expert is expected to hit the green with his tee shot , take two putts , and, therefore, require three strokes to finish that hole. Such a hole is therefore called a par-3 . A very good golfer - or a very lucky golfer - might complete a hole in fewer strokes than the par. continue reading below our video Golf Scoring Terms And of course, most of us aren't "experts" at golf, and so on most holes we'll need more strokes than the par. That's where those other terms - birdies, eagles, bogeys, et.al. - come into play. They describe a golfer's performance on a hole in relation to the hole's par: A birdie is 1-under par A bogey is 1-over par An eagle is 2-under par A triple bogey is 3-over par Given that a par-5 hole is the highest par most golfers will ever see, there is a limit to how far under par a golfer can go. But a hole-in-one - knocking the ball in the hole with your first shot - is also called an "ace." ( On a par-5 hole, making an ace means a golfer is 4-under on that hole and, yes, golfers have a term for that, too: condor.) Scores over par can keep going up, and you just keep adding to the prefix, as in quadruple bogey , quintuple bogey, and so on. Here's hoping that's knowledge you'll never need. The Actual Number of Strokes That Result in These Golf Scores Here's what these most-common golf scoring terms mean for holes with pars of 5, 4 and 3, in the actual number of strokes:


What influential and at times highly controversial book was published in November 1859?

CultureLab: Top 10 most influential popular science books Top 10 most influential popular science books 15:07 1 October 2012 Books Darwin, Hawking, Dawkins New Scientist readers voted for the 10 popular science books that helped changed the world HALF a century ago, biologist Rachel Carson sent shock waves through US society. By the time her book Silent Spring hit the shelves on 27 September 1962, it had already sparked fierce debate. In the weeks before publication, President John F. Kennedy had to field questions about the widespread use of pesticides, an issue he noted had become a central scientific concern - thanks to "Miss Carson's book" . As well as bringing scientific ideas to a broader audience, piquing fascination and providing entertainment, popular science writing helps further scientific and social discussion. Carson's book divided opinion, and drove a public conversation that shaped policy and paved the way for the environmental movement. There is a wealth of books with similarly powerful legacies - not written for academic circles, but for anyone curious enough to crack the spine. With the help of eminent scientists and writers we made a shortlist of 25 such popular science books. With close to 4000 votes cast, you helped us whittle it down to the top 10 that helped changed the world. Most influential, according to New Scientist readers, is Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. It marked the foundation of evolutionary biology, but it wasn't just for scientists. From old ladies to philosophers, in the words of Thomas Henry Huxley at the time, "everybody has read Mr Darwin's book". 1 On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin (1859) Penguin Classics £9.99/$13 Darwin's hugely influential book, which introduced what Richard Dawkins dubbed "arguably the most important idea ever" , was selected by more than 90 per cent of voters. 2 A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking (1988) Bantam £8.99/$18 Perhaps the world's best known book on cosmology - by its best known physicist - this modern classic tackles the big questions of the universe. 3 The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins (1976) Oxford University Press £8.99/$19.95 Taking evolutionary theory to a new level, Dawkins argued that individual organisms are "survival machines" for the genes that they carry. The book also introduced a now familiar cultural idea: the meme. 4 The Double Helix by James Watson (1968) Orion £8.99 An account of the discovery of DNA's double helix by one of the Nobel winners behind the breakthrough. 5 Silent Spring by Rachel Carson (1962) Penguin Classics/Houghton Mifflin £9.99/$14.95 Fifty years on, Carson's exposé of the impact of chemical pesticides continues to have a profound impact. 6 The Naked Ape by Desmond Morris (1967) Vintage £7.99 One of the first books to portray humans as the animals that we are, The Naked Ape caused quite a stir when it was first released. 7 Chaos by James Gleick (1987) Vintage £10.99 This finalist for the Pulitzer prize was the first popular science book to tackle the emerging field of chaos theory, and helped kick-start the subject across many fields. 8 Gaia by James Lovelock (1979) Oxford University Press £8.99/$19.99 Lovelock's book introduced the Gaia hypothesis - that everything on and of the Earth is an interconnected, evolving and self-regulating system. 9


In 1935 Count Basie, composer, jazz pianist and band leader, with his newly formed band developed his signature tune, which was what?

Count Basie | Pop Culture Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit William Basie was born to Harvey Lee and Lillian Basie in Red Bank, New Jersey.[2][3] His father worked as a coachman and caretaker for a wealthy judge. After automobiles replaced horses, his father became a groundskeeper and handyman for several wealthy families in the area.[4] Both of his parents had some type of musical background. His father played the mellophone, and his mother played the piano; in fact, she gave Basie his first piano lessons. She took in laundry and baked cakes for sale for a living. She paid 25 cents a lesson for piano instruction for him.[5][6] Not much of a student in school, Basie dreamed of a traveling life, inspired by touring carnivals which came to town. He finished junior high school[7] but spent much of his time at the Palace Theater in Red Bank, where doing occasional chores gained him free admission to performances. He quickly learned to improvise music appropriate to the acts and the silent movies.[8] Though a natural at the piano, Basie preferred drums. Discouraged by the obvious talents of Sonny Greer, who also lived in Red Bank and became Duke Ellington's drummer in 1919, Basie at age 15 switched to piano exclusively.[5] Greer and Basie played together in venues until Greer set out on his professional career. By then, Basie was playing with pick-up groups for dances, resorts, and amateur shows, including Harry Richardson's "Kings of Syncopation".[9] When not playing a gig, he hung out at the local pool hall with other musicians, where he picked up on upcoming play dates and gossip. He got some jobs in Asbury Park at theJersey Shore, and played at the Hong Kong Inn until a better player took his place.[10] Early career[edit] Edit Around 1920, Basie went to Harlem, a hotbed of jazz, where he lived down the block from the Alhambra Theater. Early after his arrival, he bumped into Sonny Greer, who was by then the drummer for the Washingtonians, Duke Ellington's early band.[11] Soon, Basie met many of the Harlem musicians who were "making the scene," including Willie "the Lion" Smith and James P. Johnson. Basie toured in several acts between 1925 and 1927, including Katie Krippen and Her Kiddies as part of the Hippity Hop show; on the Keith, the Columbia Burlesque, and the Theater Owners Bookers Association(T.O.B.A.) vaudeville circuits; and as a soloist and accompanist to blues singers Katie Krippen and Gonzelle White.[12][13] His touring took him to Kansas City, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Chicago. Throughout his tours, Basie met many jazz musicians, including Louis Armstrong.[14] Before he was 20 years old, he toured extensively on the Keith and TOBA vaudeville circuits as a solo pianist, accompanist, and music director for blues singers, dancers, and comedians. This provided an early training that was to prove significant in his later career.[15] Back in Harlem in 1925, Basie gained his first steady job at Leroy's, a place known for its piano players and its "cutting contests." The place catered to "uptown celebrities," and typically the band winged every number without sheet music using "head arrangements."[16] He met Fats Waller, who was playing organ at the Lincoln Theater accompanying silent movies, and Waller taught him how to play that instrument. (Basie later played organ at the Eblon Theater in Kansas City).[1] As he did with Duke Ellington, Willie "the Lion" Smith helped Basie out during the lean times by arranging gigs at "house-rent parties," introducing him to other leading musicians, and teaching him some piano technique.[17] In 1928 Basie was in Tulsa and heard Walter Page and his Famous Blue Devils, one of the first big bands, which featured Jimmy Rushing on vocals.[18] A few months later, he was invited to join the band, which played mostly in Texas and Oklahoma. It was at this time that he began to be known as "Count" Basie (see Jazz royalty).[19] Kansas City years[edit] Edit The following year, in 1929 Basie became the pianist with the Bennie Moten band based in Kansas City, inspired by Moten's ambition to


Opus Dei is a sect within which religious movement?

Cult NewsOpus Dei Archives - Cult News Cult News DaAdmin His Community , Opus Dei Add you comment Some say new “sects” or “religious movements” are arising from within the Roman Catholic Church, but a prominent priest connected to a new study told Vatican Radio this is not true, reports Zenit News . They are instead “religious organizations” that have “a direct line with the leadership of the Church,” said Father Gibellini. The priest directed a study titled “Movements in the Church,” which was recently released. Included amongst the groups studied were the Focolarini, Neocatechumenal Way, Communion and Liberation, Emmanuel Community, Regnum Christi, the Community of Sant’Egidio, and charismatic renewal groups. Regnum Christi, also called the Legionaries of Christ has a deeply troubled history that includes allegations of sexual abuse concerning its founder Fr. Marcial Marcial Degollado. What also appears to have plagued groups like Regnum Christi and the controversial organization Opus Dei are complaints of excessive authoritarian control. The “charismatic renewal” within Roman Catholicism has also had its own set of problems. Largely based upon personal spiritual experiences such as “speaking-in-tongues,” participants at times seem to have more in common with Pentecostal Protestants than Catholics. The Church at times has banned some charismatic groups. It seems that the frequently subjective nature of the charismatic experience can at times lead to confusion and invest power in someone who claims “special gifts” and/or discernment within a group. This was the history of “His Community” led by David Mulligan, which is now known as Christ Covenant Ministries/Community in Vermont and no longer in “direct line with the leadership of the Church.” The Catholic Church has had problems policing such organizations and people have been hurt. One theologian opined, “I think that these movements revitalize the Christian community fabric.” This may be true much of the time, but there have been apparent and/or notable exceptions. For the sake and safety of that same “community fabric,” which seems to have been torn more than once by such groups, some caution might also be exercised. 2002 DaAdmin Opus Dei Add you comment Newly created Catholic Saint Josemaria Escriva de Balaguer, is accused of once being a friend of Francisco Franco, the former dictator of Spain, reports The Guardian . Balaguer apparently never made a point of voicing any meaningful criticism of the fascist who was once supported by Nazi Germany. He also supplied Franco with ministers from amongst his own following. Josemaria Escriva de Balaguer was the founder of Opus Dei , a controversial ultra-conservative sect within Catholicism, which has received approval and considerable encouragement from the current Pope. Opus Dei has been described as “ cult-like ” by critics and some former members that say its methods are often harsh, manipulative and controlling. European fascism of the 1930s was characterized by personality-driven regimes. First there was Italy’s Mussolini then Germany’s Hitler and ultimately Spain’s Franco. But Franco unlike his contemporaries, ruled long after the war ended, until his death by natural causes. Fascism can easily be seen as “cult-like.” Perhaps the authoritarianism and order tha Franco brought to Spain was not that unsettling to Balaguer, who after all created a seemingly authoritarian right-wing order of his own.


In Scandinavian mythology, who were the maidens who rode through the sky on horses, sword in hand, to influence the outcome of battles and select the bravest fighters to live in Valhallah?

Norse mythology by Earl DeMott - issuu issuu Norse MYTHOLOGY A TO Z Norse MYTHOLOGY A TO Z Revised Edition Kathleen N. Daly Revised by Marian Rengel Norse Mythology A to Z, Revised Edition Copyright © 2004, 1991 by Kathleen N. Daly All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Daly, Kathleen N. Norse mythology A to Z / Kathleen N. Daly ; revised by Marian Rengel. — Rev. ed. p. cm. — (Mythology A to Z) Summary: Alphabetically listed entries identify and explain the characters, events, and important places of Norse mythology. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5156-9 (alk. paper) 1. Mythology, Norse—Dictionaries, Juvenile. [1. Mythology, Norse—Dictionaries.] I. Rengel, Marian. II. Title. BL850.D34 2003 293′.13—dc21 2003045758 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Joan Toro Cover design by Cathy Rincon Map by Jeremy Eagle Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 Index 115 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS A MYTH? Myths are as ancient as humankind and have their origin in the efforts of primitive people to explain the mysteries of the world around them: thunder and lightning; floods and fire; rain and drought; earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; night and day; the Sun, Moon, and stars; the seasons; the existence of plants and animals, man and woman; and birth and death. Myths fulfill a need in people to believe in some higher being or beings who have power over the daily lives and fate of humankind. Many of the worldâ€™s myth systems include a sky god or father of all and an earth mother. In many cases, including the myths of the Norse, people believed in a set of attendant gods and goddesses, as well as villains such as demons, dragons, and other monsters; giants and dwarfs; and supernatural forces. Myths help people structure their lives. The myths reflect their codes of behavior, their cultural customs and rites, and their ways of worship. Myths are basically stories of the struggle between good and evil, between order and chaos. They foretell of the eventual breakdown of order, but also of regeneration. Ancient myths about the creation of the universe and the living creatures on Earth were passed orally from one generation to another, from family to family, and from one community to another. The stories changed according to the whim of the narrator, for it was thousands of years before the stories were written down. As people moved from one part of a continent to another, they adapted their stories to the changing landscape or climate. Stories that may have originated in India, the Middle East, or the south of Europe changed dramatically when people told them in the harsh, craggy, icy lands of the north, where summers were short and winters long and cruel. Finally, myths are part of a moral and ethical, often spiritual, belief system. Many historians of myths and scholars of human social development see myths as part of a religious belief system and an attempt to explain human existence. WHO WERE THE NORSE? The Norse (people of the north) are known today as the Scandinaviansâ€”the people of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, and the Faeroe Islands. ix x INTRODUCTION Mistakenly, Norsemen are often thought of only as the fierce warriors of the Viking Age (A.D. 780â€“1070); however, Norse culture originated long before the dramatic explorations of the Vikings. It probably started to take root during the Bronze Age (


What song was a UK #1 hit for Mike and the Mechanics in 1989?

#1 US hits of 1989 - YouTube #1 US hits of 1989 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jul 26, 2008 This is a video showing all of the songs that hit #1 on the billboard hot 100 in 1989, in the order of the date they hit. Each song also is accompanyed by a clip of its respective music video. I will be making more of these for later and earlier years, so stay tuned! The list: Poison - Every Rose Has Its Thorn Bobby Brown - My Prerogative Sheriff - When I'm With You Paula Abdul - Straight Up Debbie Gibson - Lost In Your Eyes Mike + The Mechanics - The Living Years The Bangles - Eternal Flame Fine Young Cannibals - She Drives Me Crazy Madonna - Like a Prayer Bon Jovi - I'll Be There For You Paula Abdul - Forever Your Girl Michael Damien - Rock On Bette Midler - Wind Beneath My Wings New Kids on the Block - I'll Be Loving You (Forever) Richard Marx - Satisfied Milli Vanilli - Baby Don't Forget My Number Fine Young Cannibals - Good Thing Simply Red - If You Don't Know Me By Now Martika - Toy Soldiers Richard Marx - Right Here Waiting Paula Abdul - Cold Hearted New Kids on the Block - Hangin' Tough Gloria Estefan - Don't Want To Lose You Milli Vanilli - Girl I'm Gonna Miss You Janet Jackson - Miss You Much Roxette - Listen To Your Heart Bad English - When I See You Smile Milli Vanilli - Blame It On The Rain Billy Joel - We Didn't Start the Fire Phil Collins - Another Day In Paradise Category


When was the last major volcanic activity at Mount St Helens, Washington USA?

Mount St. Helens Fast Facts - CNN.com Mount St. Helens Fast Facts CNN Library Updated 12:53 PM ET, Tue May 3, 2016 Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. Mount St. Helens is a volcano in the state of Washington, seen here in 2004. It erupted in 1980, spewing out more than 1 cubic kilometer of material. Scientists believe, by comparison, that Martian supervolcanoes could spout 1,000 cubic kilometers of volcanic material. (CNN) Here are some facts to know about Mount. St. Helens , the most active volcano in the Cascade Mountains in Washington state. Facts: Mount St. Helens is a volcano in the Cascade Mountains, in the area called the Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument. It is administered by the National Forest Service , not the National Park Service. It is located in Washington state, about 55 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon, and 95 miles south of Seattle, Washington. Over the last 500 years, Mount St. Helens has had at least four major explosive eruptions and many minor eruptions. Mount St. Helens was named by Commander George Vancouver and the officers of H.M.S. Discovery for British diplomat Alleyne Fitzherbert (1753-1839). Fitzherbert's title was Baron St. Helens. Read More Timeline: 1792-1794 - The mountain was named while Commander Vancouver and H.M.S. Discovery officers were surveying the northern Pacific coast. 1835 - Mount St. Helens is first recognized as a volcano . 1857-1980 - Mount St. Helens is inactive. May 18, 1980 - 8:32 am PDT - Mount St. Helens erupts. The eruption blows off more than 1,000 feet from the top of the mountain, leaving a huge crater. The mountain had been known for its snow-capped peak, earning the nickname "the Fuji of America" for its resemblance to Japan's Mount Fuji. Fifty-seven people are killed. Damage caused by the blast costs $1.1 billion (USGS). Hot ash causes forest fires, and snow melt from the top of the mountain causes floods. Volcanic ash spreads across the Northwest. More than 900,000 tons of ash are cleaned up from areas around Washington state. The 1980 eruption is the first eruption in the continental United States outside of Alaska since 1917. 1980-1986 - Many small eruptions occur. October 1986 - Sixteen "dome-building" eruptions build up the dome in the center of the crater. Fall 2004 - Several days of unusual seismic activity lead seismologists to believe that an explosion resulting from steam buildup is likely to occur. Oct. 1, 2004 - Mount St. Helens begins blowing a large cloud of smoke and steam on a Friday afternoon following a week in which scientists have closely monitored the volcano. Officials placed the region around the mountain on a volcanic advisory earlier in the week. The advisory issued is at the third of four levels -- with the fourth being eruption. Oct. 4. 2004 - Huge plumes rise from Mount St. Helens, where geologists have been expecting a volcanic eruption. Officials with the U.S. Geological Survey say the volcano was likely having another steam eruption. A USGS official estimates the steam was rising about 10,000 feet from the top of the crater. Officials say some ash came out as well from the lava dome. Oct. 11, 2004 - More steam erupts from Mount St. Helens. Earthquake activity declined after two days of increased activity. Mount St. Helens remains at a level two volcanic advisory. Nov. 6, 2004 - A new lava dome formed inside Mount St. Helens' crater continues to grow, now sprouting a growth that extends upward by nearly 330 feet, officials said. The growth has taken place since Oct. 27, 2004. March 8, 2005 - Mount St. Helens releases a column of smoke and ash nearly six miles high, leaving a plume visible for more than 50 miles. September 11, 2005 - The U.S. Geological Survey raises the advisory for Mount St. Helens to "orange," which means that a high likelihood of volcanic activity exists, but it is not likely to threaten life. May 2006 - A three hundred foot "fin" made of lava begins growing out of the crater. January 2008 - Eruptions that have occured continously since Oc


What compound in the human body acts as a neurotransmitter and helps to regulate temperature?

Serotonin: Facts, What Does Serotonin Do? - Medical News Today Serotonin: Facts, What Does Serotonin Do? 4 35 Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a chemical found in the human body. It carries signals along and between nerves - a neurotransmitter. It is mainly found in the brain, bowels and blood platelets. Serotonin is thought to be especially active in constricting smooth muscles, transmitting impulses between nerve cells, regulating cyclic body processes and contributing to wellbeing and happiness.1 Serotonin is regarded by some researchers as a chemical that is responsible for maintaining mood balance, and that a deficit of serotonin leads to depression . The word serotonin comes from its discovery when it was isolated in 1948 by Maurice M. Rapport and initially classified as a serum agent that affected vascular tone.1 This Medical News Today article provides essential information on serotonin. The article is also available in Spanish . Contents of this article: You will also see introductions at the end of some sections to any recent developments that have been covered by MNT's news stories. Also look out for links to information about related conditions. Fast facts on serotonin Here are some key points about serotonin. More detail and supporting information is in the main article. Serotonin is an important chemical neurotransmitter in the human body. It is commonly regarded as a chemical that is responsible for maintaining mood balance. Serotonin is created by a biochemical conversion process. Serotonin is manufactured in the brain and the intestines. The majority of the body's serotonin, between 80-90%, can be found in the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin that is used inside the brain must be produced within it. It is thought that serotonin can affect mood and social behavior, appetite and digestion, sleep, memory and sexual desire and function. An association has been made between depression and serotonin. Scientists remain unsure whether decreased levels of serotonin contribute to depression or depression causes a decrease in serotonin levels. Drugs that alter serotonin levels have important clinical uses such as in the treatment of depression, nausea and migraine . Medical research continues to evaluate the role of serotonin in obesity and Parkinson's disease . Other ways to increase body serotonin levels include mood induction, light, exercise and diet. What is serotonin?2 Serotonin is created by a biochemical conversion process which combines tryptophan, a component of proteins, with tryptophan hydroxylase, a chemical reactor. Together, they form 5-hydroxyltryptamine (5-HT), also referred to as serotonin. Serotonin is most commonly believed to be a neurotransmitter, although some consider the chemical to be a hormone. Where does serotonin come from?2,3 Serotonin is manufactured in the brain and the intestines. The majority of the body's serotonin, between 80-90%, can be found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It can also be found in the blood platelets and the central nervous system (CNS). As serotonin can be found widely across the body, it is believed that the chemical plays a role in influencing a variety of body and psychological functions. Serotonin cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, therefore, serotonin that is used inside the brain must be produced within it. What does serotonin do?2,3


Phil Taylor (1960-now), ranked world number one in 2012 in the Professional Darts Corporation order of merit, holds a record 16 darts World Championship titles; in what year did he win his first World Championship?

Phil Taylor | Darts Wikia | Fandom powered by Wikia 2010, 2010, 2011, 2011 Other achievements 2002 Achieves his first televised nine dart finish (and the first live televised nine-darter in the UK) at World Matchplay 2004 Becomes first player to hit a second televised nine-dart finish 2005 Hit third televised nine-dart finish 2006 PDC Player of the Year 2007 Fourth televised nine-darter in IDL in the Netherlands 2007 Fifth televised nine-darter in 2007 UK Open at the Reebok Stadium, Bolton 2007 PDC Fans' Player of the Year 2008 Sixth televised nine-darter in 2008 UK Open 2008 Fans' Player of the Year, PDC Player of the Year and PDPA Player's Player of the Year 2009 Hits seventh televised 9 darter in Championship League Darts against John Part 2009 PDC Player of the Year, PDPA Players’ Player of the Year, Fans’ Player of the Year and Best PDC Pro Tour Player 2010 Inaugural inductee into Stoke-on-Trent Sporting Hall of Fame 2010 Hit two televised nine dart finishes in Premier League Final against James Wade 2010 Scored world record televised average of 118.66 against Kevin Painter in UK Open Updated on 20 November 2011. Philip Douglas 'Phil' Taylor (born 13 August 1960) is an English professional darts player, nicknamed The Power. He is regarded as the best darts player ever to have played the game, having won more than 150 professional tournaments and a record 15 World Championships . He won PDC Player of the year four times (2006, 2008, 2009 and 2010) and has been twice nominated for the BBC Sports Personality of the Year award (2006 and 2010). He was the first person to hit two nine darters in one match, in the 2010 Premier League Darts final against James Wade . As of 26 September 2010, he has hit nine televised nine dart finishes , and is ranked World No. 1 in the PDC Order of Merit . Taylor played in the British Darts Organisation (BDO) from 1988 to 1993 before he, and several other players, broke away to form the World Darts Council, now known as the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). He was given the nickname "The Power" by a Sky Sports production manager, Peter Judge. Judge told Taylor that he should have a nickname, and he was named "The Power" after Judge stepped on an empty CD case of Snap!'s "The Power". Early life Edit Taylor was born to Douglas "The Wizard" and Elizabeth "The Dame" Taylor on 13 August 1960 in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent. He left school at the age of 16 and after holding a few jobs including as a sheet metal worker, he would spend most of his early working days making ceramic toilet roll handles, for which he earned £52 a week. Although he liked to play darts as a child, he never took up the game seriously until 1986 when he moved into a terraced house in Burslem, living near to Eric Bristow 's pub the Crafty Cockney. A few months later, his wife Yvonne bought him a set of darts for his birthday and he started playing weekly, occasionally at Bristow's pub. By 1988 he was selected for the county team and playing at Super League level. Bristow started sponsoring him by loaning him £10,000 later that year to help him get started as a professional darts player and on the condition that he gave up his job as a ceramic engineer. Early career Edit Taylor's first title came in the Canadian Open in 1988 and after reaching the quarter finals of the British Open and the semi finals of the Winmau World Masters in 1989 he had qualified for the World Championships for the first time in 1990. Although he had achieved some success in Open events, he went into the 1990 World Championship as a 125–1 unseeded outsider. He beat number six seed Russell Stewart 3–1 in the first round, Dennis Hickling 3–0 in the second round, Ronnie Sharp 4–2 in the quarter finals and Cliff Lazarenko 5–0 to reach the final, where he met his mentor, Bristow. Bristow had been suffering with dartitis since 1986 but had recovered his world number one ranking to be the top seed in the event. After sharing the first two sets, Taylor beat Bristow 6–1 in sets to claim his first world title. For the rest of 1990, Taylor dominated the Open ev


What adjective is used to describe a golfer with a handicap of zero?

Handicapped | Define Handicapped at Dictionary.com handicapped Sometimes Offensive. physically or mentally disabled. 2. of or designed for handicapped people: handicapped parking. Sports. (of a competitor) marked by, being under, or having a handicap : a handicapped player. (used with a plural verb) Sometimes Offensive. handicapped persons collectively (usually preceded by the): increased job opportunities for the handicapped. Origin of handicapped noun 1. a race or other contest in which certain disadvantages or advantages of weight, distance, time, etc., are placed upon competitors to equalize their chances of winning. 2. the disadvantage or advantage itself. 3. any disadvantage that makes success more difficult: The main handicap of our business is lack of capital. 4. Sometimes Offensive. a physical or mental disability making participation in certain of the usual activities of daily living more difficult. verb (used with object), handicapped, handicapping. 5. to place at a disadvantage; disable or burden: He was handicapped by his injured ankle. 6. to subject to a disadvantageous handicap, as a competitor of recognized superiority. 7. to assign handicaps to (competitors). 8. Sports. to attempt to predict the winner of (a contest, especially a horse race), as by comparing past performances of the contestants. to assign odds for or against (any particular contestant) to win a contest or series of contests: He handicapped the Yankees at 2-to-1 to take the series from the Cardinals. Origin Expand 1640-50; 1870-75 for def 8; orig. hand i' cap hand in cap, referring to a drawing before a horse race Related forms overhandicap, verb (used with object), overhandicapped, overhandicapping. prehandicap, noun, verb (used with object), prehandicapped, prehandicapping. Synonyms 5. hinder, impede, cripple, incapacitate. Antonyms Examples from the Web for handicapped Expand Now All Americans Are Losing Ground David Frum February 7, 2012 Historical Examples Hamlin was quite as handicapped as Mrs. Yellam by principles adopted long ago which he deemed, before the war, to be bomb-proof. High Adventure James Norman Hall They were also handicapped for want of proper fuel and plant. British Dictionary definitions for handicapped Expand (psychol) denoting a person whose social behaviour or emotional reactions are in some way impaired 3. (of a competitor) assigned a handicap Usage note Nowadays the use of the word handicapped to describe people with disabilities is generally considered inappropriate. It is preferable to refer to someone as having a disability and to talk about people with disabilities handicap something that hampers or hinders 2. a contest, esp a race, in which competitors are given advantages or disadvantages of weight, distance, time, etc, in an attempt to equalize their chances of winning the advantage or disadvantage prescribed 3. (golf) the number of strokes by which a player's averaged score exceeds the standard scratch score for the particular course: used as the basis for handicapping in competitive play 4. any physical disability or disadvantage resulting from physical, mental, or social impairment or abnormality verb (transitive) -caps, -capping, -capped 5. to be a hindrance or disadvantage to 6. to assign a handicap or handicaps to 7. to organize (a contest) by handicapping 8. to attempt to forecast the winner of (a contest, esp a horse race) to assign odds for or against (a contestant) Word Origin C17: probably from hand in cap, a lottery game in which players drew forfeits from a cap or deposited money in it Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for handicapped Expand adj. "disabled," 1915, past participle adjective from handicap (v.). Originally especially of children. Meaning "handicapped persons generally" is attested by 1958. handicap n. 1650s, from hand in cap, a game whereby two bettors would engage a neutral umpire to determine the


Which planet is closest to Neptune in size and composition?

Planet Earth: Facts About Its Orbit, Atmosphere & Size Planet Earth: Facts About Its Orbit, Atmosphere & Size By Charles Q. Choi, Space.com Contributor | December 11, 2014 10:49pm ET MORE Credit: NASA Earth, our home, is the third planet from the sun. It is the only planet known to have an atmosphere containing free oxygen, oceans of liquid water on its surface, and, of course, life.  Earth is the fifth largest of the planets in the solar system — smaller than the four gas giants, Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus and Neptune , but larger than the three other rocky planets, Mercury , Mars and Venus . Earth has a diameter of roughly 8,000 miles (13,000 kilometers), and is round because gravity pulls matter into a ball, although it is not perfectly round, instead being more of an "oblate spheroid" whose spin causes it to be squashed at its poles and swollen at the equator. Roughly 71 percent of Earth's surface is covered by water, most of it in the oceans. About a fifth of Earth's atmosphere is made up of oxygen, produced by plants. While scientists have been studying our planet for centuries, much has been learned in recent decades by studying pictures of Earth from space . Orbital characteristics Earth spins on an imaginary line called an axis that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, while also orbiting the sun. It takes Earth 23.439 hours to complete a rotation on its axis, and roughly 365.26 days to complete an orbit around the sun. Earth's axis of rotation is tilted in relation to the ecliptic plane, an imaginary surface through Earth's orbit around the sun. This means the northern and southern hemispheres will sometimes point toward or away from the sun depending on the time of year, varying the amount of light they receive and causing the seasons . Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle, but is rather an oval-shaped ellipse, like that of the orbits of all the other planets. Earth is a bit closer to the sun in early January and farther away in July, although this variation has a much smaller effect than the heating and cooling caused by the tilt of Earth's axis. Earth happens to lie within the so-called "Goldilocks zone" around its star, where temperatures are just right to maintain liquid water on its surface. Orbit & rotation Some statistics about Earth, according to NASA : Average distance from the sun: 92,956,050 miles (149,598,262 km) Perihelion (closest approach to the sun): 91,402,640 miles (147,098,291 km) Aphelion (farthest distance from the sun): 94,509,460 miles (152,098,233 km) Length of solar day (single rotation on its axis): 23.934 hours Length of year (single revolution around the sun): 365.26 days Equatorial inclination to orbit: 23.4393 degrees Earth's formation and evolution Scientists think Earth was formed at roughly the same time as the sun and other planets some 4.6 billion years ago, when the solar system coalesced from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust known as the solar nebula . As the nebula collapsed because of its gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk. Most of the material was pulled toward the center to form the sun. Other particles within the disk collided and stuck together to form ever-larger bodies, including Earth. The solar wind from the sun was so powerful that it swept away most of the lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium, from the innermost worlds, rendering Earth and its siblings into small, rocky planets. Scientists think Earth started off as a waterless mass of rock . Radioactive materials in the rock and increasing pressure deep within the Earth generated enough heat to melt Earth's interior, causing some chemicals to rise to the surface and form water, while others became the gases of the atmosphere. Recent evidence suggests that Earth's crust and oceans may have formed within about 200 million years after the planet had taken shape. The history of Earth is divided into four eons — starting with the earliest, these are the Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. The first three eons, which together lasted nearly 4 billion years, are together


"Where is the ""Day of Skulls"" celebrated on 8 November?"

Unusual - The Day of Skulls Hosted In Bolivia Share Share Every year in November, the Bolivians celebrate an unusual holiday called “Day of the skulls” or “Natitas”. On this day the people of Bolivia bring to the cemetery for the consecration of the skull of their relatives, they cherish the house. Bolivians believe that the skulls of deceased relatives bring them good luck and are protective talismans. 1. In Bolivia – a country that has preserved the tradition and transform the Indians – there are a lot of strange “Catholic” rites.For example, November 8, is celebrated the holiday known as the Day of the skulls, or “Day of natitas.” 2. Bolivians believe that keeping the skull of their dead relatives as amulets and blessing them once a year in November, they thereby become more successful. 3. According to experts, the Day of Skulls is a symbiosis of Indian rituals were practiced here in the pre-Hispanic era, with Catholic beliefs.   4. On the feast of the skull is decorated with flowers, garlands, beads, sunglasses and generally everybody what the imagination will suffice 5. During the festival, the grateful descendants also “treat” the skull, bringing them alcoholic drinks, cigars and coca leaves.   6. It is believed that Natitas souls of the dead returned to earth, and for them to bring good luck, you need to get them to put the skull and at the entrance to the house. 7. This holiday is analogous to the Mexican holiday ” Day of the Dead “, which is celebrated on November 1-2, and Day of the skulls celebrate on November 8-9. 8. Bolivians believe that a person has seven souls, and one of them remains in the skeleton after burial. When the other souls went to heaven, the remains of the dead are dug, skulls bring home and start to take care of them. If not taken care of, the skull can bring misfortune to the family, cause a bad harvest, and even destroy the family. But if a skull is properly taken care of, the skull has family patronage. Once a year, take out the skull on the street and go with them, usually at the city cemetery. 9. The Bolivian Catholic Church called on the faithful to stop using attributes in the form of human skulls during the celebrations, as tradition originates from occult practices. 10. Archbishop of La Paz Edmund Abastoflor warns that many skulls actually belong to unknown people. Sometimes obtained as a result of the desecration of graves, after which they are stored, are presented as a gift, or even sold. The Archbishop called on those who practice Andean ritual, let the dead rest in peace.


Who married stylist Ric Pipino in 1997, divorced him in 2002, had a daughter by Italian businessman Flavio Briatore, married musician Seal in 2005, and had 3 three more children with him between 2005 and 2009?

Celebrities With Mixed Race Children | strange true facts|strange weird stuff|weird diseases Celebrities With Mixed Race Children March 10, 2014 There are several famous white celebrities in the film and music industry who have adorable black or mixed race children. These successful celebrities are not bothered even though they are criticized for adopting bi-racial children. 1)  Angelina Jolie Angelina Jolie, age 38 Angelina Jolie and Family (image credit:newsonjapan.com) Angelina Jolie adopted her first child on March 10, 2002, seven-month-old Maddox Chivan, from an orphanage in a local village in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, born as Rath Vibol on August 5, 2001. While filming the Lara Croft: Tomb Raider  in 2001, Jolie applied for adoption after she had visited Cambodia twice, and on a UNHCR field mission. However, in December 2001, the adoption process was on hold when the U.S. government banned adoptions from Cambodia in the middle of child trafficking allegations. After adoption process was finalized, Jolie took custody of Maddox in Namibia, where she was filming Beyond Borders in 2003. Jolie adopted Maddox as a single parent despite of announcing the adoption made by both Jolie and ex-husband Billy Bob Thornton. On July 6, 2005, Jolie adopted a daughter, six-month-old Zahara Marley,born Yemsrach on January 8, 2005, in Awasa, from an orphanage in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Zahara was believed mistakenly to be an AIDS orphan during the time of adoption, and it was also unknown if Jolie had contracted HIV, but she later tested negative. Soon Jolie who was accompanied by her partner Brad Pitt, to take custody of Zahara, returned to the United States, Zahara was hospitalized for dehydration and malnutrition. Brad Pitt was seeking to adopt Maddox and Zahara in December 2005 according to Pitt’s publicist, and Angelina Jolie filed a request to legally change her children’s surnames from Jolie to Jolie-Pitt, and was granted on January 19, 2006 and was soon finalized. In an attempt to avoid the media frenzy surrounding their relationship, Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt went to Namibia for the birth of their first biological child, a daughter, Shiloh Nouvel born on May 27, 2006, in Swakopmund. Pitt and Jolie’s newborn baby was holding a Namibian passport as confirmed by Pitt. On March 15, 2007, Angelina Jolie adopted a son, three-year-old Pax Thien, on March 15, 2007 from an orphanage in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Pax Thien who was abandoned by parents after birth, was born as Pham Quang Sang on November 29, 2003. Pax was adopted by Jolie as a single parent, because regulation for adoption in  Vietnam, do not allow unmarried couples to co-adopt. Angelina Jolie filed a request to legally change her Pax’s surname from Jolie to Jolie-Pitt, in April, and was approved on May 31, 2007. Then on February 21, 2008, Pitt’s adoption of Pax was finalized in the United States. At the Cannes Film Festival, Angelina Jolie confirmed in May 2008, that she was expecting twins. On July 12, 2008, Jolie gave birth to a son, Knox Léon, and a daughter, Vivienne Marcheline. 2)  Sandra Annette Bullock Sandra Bullock, age 49 Sandra Bullock with son Louis Bardo Bullock (image credit:www.rageagainsttheminivan.com. American actress and producer, Sandra Annette Bullock, announced on April 28, 2010, that she had pushed through of adopting a son born in January 2010 in New Orleans. Sandra Bullock and husband Jesse James, television reality personality, had begun an initial adoption process four months earlier. In January 2010, Bullock’s son, Louis Bardo Bullock, began living with them, but they chose to keep the news secretly, and was revealed in March 2010, after the Oscars award. However, Sandra Bullock filed for divorce on April 28, 2010, was finalized on June 28, 2010, citing of conflict of personalities as the reason. Bullock adopted of her son Louis Bardo Bullock, as a single parent. 3)   Madonna Madonna, age 55 Madonna and children, 2011 (image credit:malawilive.com) American singer-songwriter, actress and entrepreneur. Madonna, filed for adoption on Octob


The First Sino-Japanese War (1894-5) was fought between which two countries?

Impact of defeat in the Sino–Japanese War 1894‑5 - IB History IB History Causes and Conduct of the first Sino-Japanese War  Key Points The war was fought over Korea. The Japanese imperial forces engaged the Beiyang army, as China did not have its own national army. The Japanese won virtually every engagement at land and sea. Links The 'Throwing off Asia' Curriculum from MIT -Covers Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War Historiography: Why was the Sino-Japanese war fought?-two views To prevent the russians from threatening Japan Source A: "Ostensibly the Sino-Japanese War was a conflict between Japan and China for dominance over China's tributary, Korea. In reality, it was a Japanese attempt to preempt Russian expansion down the Korean Peninsula to threaten Japan." -Sarah Paine To build a Japanese empire Source B: "According to E.H. Norman, a post-World War II scholar of modern Japan, this war and its results-the victory and humiliation under force-marked Japan's turning point toward imperialism." -From a history website Conduct of the War: Why did the Chinese lose? Jonathan Fenby "In 1894, one of the great international conflict lines of modern times opened up between China and Japan. ‘999 out of every 1000 Chinese are sure big China can thrash little Japan,’ wrote Robert Hart . On paper, China had just over a million men at arms to throw into the war - 325,000 of them Banner troops, about the same number of ‘Green Standard’ Han soldiers, plus 400,000 other men said to have undergone training. The real numbers fell some way below these totals, however, and some elite Manchu forces still prided themselves in their expertise with bows and arrows rather than guns. Japan’s 270,000 troops were well trained and had modern arms. Tokyo had also broken China’s military cable codes. Qing armies were split between regional and princely chiefs; Japan’s were unified. On the other hand, Japanese commanders were given clear objectives and left to get on with the job in pincer attacks which flummoxed the Chinese. The focus now switched to the sea, providing the first test for the navy of thirty warships which Li had built up with purchases from Europe, despite the depredations of members of his family, who had pocketed the money allocated for explosives and packed shell casings with sand. Two days after the Japanese took Pyongyang, they won a six-hour naval battle at the mouth of the Yalu river on the Korean border. China lost four ships." Task: Jonathan Fenby gives several reasons why the Chinese forces were defeated in the first Sino-Japanese war, what are they? Use evidence from the passage quoted above to support your answers The Impact of defeat on China Internal Consequences Failure in the war leads to the 100 Days Reforms. The Qing regime is further discredited, and young intellectuals begin to look abroad for ideas (especially to Japan) Both Internal and External China has to pay a massive cash settlement to the Japanese under the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki The Scramble for Concessions is launched as foreign powers demand more and more territorial concessions in China itself. This puts the Qing state under even more pressure External consequences China's international prestige reaches a new low after the defeat China lost her network of tributary states and regional role Source C: "China and Japan may have engaged in a bloody and terrible war, but the admiration that many Chinese felt for Japan’s successes in building a new type of state and army was not diminished by China’s losses. On the contrary, the sacrifices that China had to make were often blamed on the Qing dynasty and its inability to follow the examples set by Japan. To some Chinese, the Japanese model was in a perverse way validated by its victory." Odd Arne Westad Source D: Drawing from Punch Magazine 29 September 1894. (Punch was a British satirical magazine) Task: Analyse this source, how the Sino-Japanese war changed international perspectives of both a) China b) Japan? Source E: An illustration from supplement to french magazine "Le Petit Journal


What is the nickname of Nike's company logo?

What Does the Nike Logo Mean? | Magnetic State What Does the Nike Logo Mean? October 6, 2014 by Dan Redding 17 Comments The Nike logo, known as the ‘Swoosh,’ is formed by two simple curved lines. It’s just about the simplest logo imaginable, and yet it carries with it billions of dollars worth of accumulated branding and marketing associations. So what does it mean? ADVERTISEMENT At its most fundamental level, the Swoosh represents motion and speed. The shape depicts an arc of movement. The word ‘swoosh’ is onomatopoeia for the sound you’d hear as Lebron James or Michael Jordan zips past you en route to a spectacular dunk. In Greek mythology, Nike is the Winged Goddess of Victory. The mythological associations for the brand Nike are flight, victory, and speed. The goddess Nike had the power to fly – and so did Michael Jordan. His signature shoes included the Jordan Flight and the Air Jordans. His most famous Nike poster was known as the ‘Wings’ poster. The power of flight: Greek statuette of the winged goddess Nike (left), Nike megastar Michael Jordan in iconic mid-air dunk (right). Origin of the Swoosh The Swoosh was designed by a college student (!) named Carolyn Davidson for a mere $35 (!!!) in 1971. Davidson not only designed the Swoosh but also suggested the name Nike as an alternative to founder Phil Knight’s other idea for a brand name: ‘Dimension 6.’ She was subsequently employed by Nike and later compensated further with a gold Swoosh ring and Nike stock (see video). Whatever they gave her, I doubt it was enough given the immensity of her contribution. “Brands, Not Products” To say that the Nike Swoosh represents motion and speed is only to inspect the surface of the design. The logo now carries with it the connotations of long-term, multi-billion dollar branding efforts. It represents transcendence through sports. It carries with it decades worth of affiliated basketball herosim, urban hip-hop attitude, and more. Naomi Klein’s book No Logo is essential reading for anyone interested in branding. In it, Klein describes Nike’s philosophy of brand over product: long ago, Nike shifted its focus almost entirely to branding and marketing, while outsourcing production to cheap foreign contractors. This way, they could sell something much bigger than a pair of shoes: a lifestyle. According to Nike founder Phil Knight, “There is no value in making things anymore. The value is added by careful research, by innovation and by marketing.” No, It’s Not a ‘Check Mark’ I used to teach an art class for teens and I often liked to pick their brains about the logos they saw on their favorite products, their urban surroundings – and on their feet. The Nike logo was inevitably present in the room on someone’s kicks. I’d ask the group, “So what does the Nike logo mean?” The most common answer was, “it’s a checkmark.” Well, a checkmark has a hard angle between two straight lines (like the Verizon logo ). The Swoosh is curved. Because it’s not a check mark. Deceptive Simplicity If graphic design has an equivalent of Michael Jordan, it’s my hero Paul Rand (designer of some of history’s most recognizable logos, including those of IBM and UPS). Rand once said, “Design is so simple, that’s why it is so complicated.” The Nike Swoosh derives its complexity from its simplicity. It’s the most basic form you can imagine – only two lines. It is precisely this simplicity which allows it to thrive in so many different contexts, to carry the brand on its own (with or without the accompanying word ‘NIKE’), and to absorb and reflect so much brand messaging. ADVERTISEMENT


The white fumes that form when hydrogen chloride dissolves in water consist of what?

Characteristics of Toxic Gases, Service, Support, Crowcon Detection Characteristics of Toxic Gases 0.59 NH3 Ammonia is the only common alkaline gas. Its density is about half that of air and it has a characteristic smell. Its maximum safe level is 25ppm but its alkalinity makes it highly reactive with acid gases and chlorine and its presence in atmospheres containing other gases is often masked by this. For instance, if ammonia and chlorine are present in equal concentrations, the result is a cloud of ammonium chloride and neither of the two gases. Ammonia is flammable with an LEL of 15%. It is produced in vast quantities all over the world to provide fertilisers, urea for resins, explosives and fibres such as nylon. It is also used as a refrigerant gas: this application is increasing with the demise of CFCs. Another application is to maintain the sterility of water supplies after treatment with chlorine and sulphur dioxide.   2.7 ASH3 Arsine is a colourless, flammable, and highly toxic gas. It has a garlic-like or fishy odour that can be detected at concentrations of 0.5ppm and above. Because arsine is not irritating and produces no immediate symptoms, persons exposed to hazardous levels may be unaware of its presence.  It is generally shipped in cylinders as a liquefied compressed gas. Arsine gas is generated when metals or crude ores containing arsenic impurities are treated with acid. Arsine gas is also used in the semiconductor industry when depositing arsenic on microchips.   5.5 Br2 Bromine is used to manufacture a wide variety compounds used in industry and agriculture. Bromine is also used in the manufacture of fumigants, flame-proofing agents, water purification compounds, dyes, medicines, sanitizers, inorganic bromides for photography, etc. It is also used to form intermediates in organic synthesis, where it is preferred to iodine due to its much lower cost. Bromine is used to make brominated vegetable oil, which is used as an emulsifier in many citrus flavoured soft drinks. Elemental bromine is a strong irritant and, in concentrated form, will produce painful blisters on exposed skin and especially mucous membranes. Even low concentrations of bromine vapour (from 10 ppm) can affect breathing, and inhalation of significant amounts of bromine can seriously damage the respiratory system. Carbon Dioxide 1.53 CO2 Despite the fact that we breathe out carbon dioxide and that it is present in the atmosphere to the extent of about 400ppm, its maximum safe level is 5000ppm (0.5%). It is produced during combustion and in brewing, distillation and other fermentation processes, and is one of the main constituents, with methane, of landfill gas and sewage treatment digester gas. CO2 presents a significant hazard in the brewing industry, particularly as the gas is heavier than air and collects at low levels. There is some degree of risk in crowded, badly ventilated places, and this problem is often worsened by oxygen deficiency. CO2 is also used to increase plant growth by elevating normal levels in greenhouses etc. It is odourless and colourless and difficult to measure in ppm levels. Infrared absorption is the usual detection technique adopted. Carbon Monoxide 0.97 CO Carbon monoxide, which is odourless and colourless, is the most abundant toxic gas. Having a similar density to air, it mixes easily and is readily inhaled. It is a renowned “silent killer” in domestic environments. Any process where there is incomplete combustion of carbon fuel is likely to produce carbon monoxide. For example: petrol and diesel engines, coal, gas and oil boilers, and even smoking. Its presence in mines is due to the slow combustion of coal.   It is also used in enormous quantities as a cheap chemical reducing agent, for example in steel production and other metal refining and heat treatment processes,  and in the production of methanol by reaction with hydrogen. Chlorine 2.5 Cl2 Chlorine is a pungent smelling, corrosive, green/yellow gas. The best known use is in water purification for domestic supplies and in swimming pools. It is used to


Which planet comes closest to the earth in its orbit around the sun?

Why Earth is Closest to Sun in Dead of Winter Why Earth is Closest to Sun in Dead of Winter By Mary Lou Whitehorne, Special to SPACE.com | January 2, 2007 09:00am ET MORE It's winter in the Northern Hemisphere and we're at our closest point to the Sun. Closest? Yes, you read that right. Closest. For northerners, the winter solstice has just passed. But the truth is, on January 3, 2007, Earth reaches perihelion, its closest point to the Sun in its yearly orbit around our star. At first glance, it makes no sense. If Earth is closest to the Sun in January, shouldn't it be summer? Maybe, if you live in the Southern Hemisphere. So what does this mean? Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle. It is elliptical, or slightly oval-shaped. This means there is one point in the orbit where Earth is closest to the Sun, and another where Earth is farthest from the Sun. The closest point occurs in early January, and the far point happens in early July (July 7, 2007). If this is the mechanism that causes seasons , it makes some sense for the Southern Hemisphere. But, as an explanation for the Northern Hemisphere, it fails miserably. In fact, Earth's elliptical orbit has nothing to do with seasons. The reason for seasons was explained in last month's column , and it has to do with the tilt of Earth's axis. But our non-circular orbit does have an observable effect. It produces, in concert with our tilted axis, the analemma. If you plot the noontime position of the Sun in the sky over a one-year period, it produces a figure-eight shape on the sky (Figure A). This is the analemma . You may have seen it drawn on a globe of Earth. The shape results from the combination of two things: the 23.5° tilt of Earth on its spin axis, and the elliptical shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun. The highest point on the analemma is the Sun's noon position on the summer solstice. The lowest point marks the winter solstice. The difference in the Sun's noontime height in the sky is caused by Earth's tilted axis. What about the left-to-right variation in the analemma's curve? That's where our elliptical orbit comes in! Look at Figure A again. Notice the vertical line running up from the south point on the horizon? That's the meridian. The meridian runs straight up and over the sky, from due north to due south. If Earth's orbit was a perfect circle, the Sun would cross the meridian at noon every day (ignoring daylight savings time). But our orbit is slightly oval-shaped. In July, we are at our furthest point from the Sun, and Earth moves slower than average along its path. In January, we are closer to the Sun, and Earth speeds up a bit in its orbital progress. The result of this change in speed means the Sun crosses the meridian a little early, or a little late, depending on where Earth is in its orbit. For all points along the curve to the left of the meridian, the Sun is "slow." It crosses the meridian after 12:00 p.m. For all points along the curve to the right of the meridian, the sun is "fast," crossing the meridian slightly before noon. Astronomers call this the equation of time. It is marked on many sundials. The equation of time is defined as the difference between true solar time (determined by the Sun's position in the sky) and mean solar time (the time told by your watch). The two times can vary by as much as 16 minutes over the course of a year. Earth reaches perihelion on January 3, 2007 (Figure C). The Earth-Sun distance will be 147,093,602 km. Aphelion, the greatest distance from the Sun, occurs on July 7, 2007, when the Earth-Sun distance will be 152,097,053 km. The difference between the two is 5,003,451 km, (3.3 percent), and not enough to cause the seasons. Even though, at this time of year, we're as close to the Sun as we can get, for the Northern Hemisphere, it will always be winter. Happy perihelion!


In which year was artist Pablo Picasso born?

Pablo Picasso - Biography - IMDb Pablo Picasso Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trivia  (11) | Personal Quotes  (14) Overview (4) 8 April 1973 ,  Mougins, Alpes-Maritimes, France  (lung and heart failure) Birth Name Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso Height 5' 4" (1.63 m) Mini Bio (1) Pablo Picasso, one of the most recognized figures of 20th century art, who co-created such styles as Cubism and Surrealism, was also among most innovative, influential, and prolific artists of all time. He was born Pablo Ruiz Picasso on October 6, 1881, in Malaga, Spain. He was the first child of Jose Ruiz y Blasco and Maria Picasso y Lopez. His father was an artist and professor of art at the School of Fine Arts, and also a curator of museum in Malaga, Spain. Picasso began studying art under his father's tutelage, continued at the Academy of Arts in Madrid for a year, and went on his ingenious explorations of the new horizons. He went to Paris in 1901 and found the environment conducive for his experiments with new art styles. Gertrude Stein , Guillaume Apollinaire , and André Breton were among his friends and collectors. Constantly updating his style from the Blue Period, to the Rose Period, to the African-influenced Period, to Cubism, to Realism and Surrealism he was a pioneer with a hand in every art movement of the 20th century. He made some softer and neo-classic artworks during his cooperation with the Russian Ballet of Sergei Diaghilev in Paris. In 1917 Picasso joined the Russian Ballet on tour in Rome, Italy. There he fell in love with Olga Khokhlova, a classical ballerina from the Russian nobility (her father was a General to the Russian Tsar Nickolas II). Picasso painted Olga as a Spanish girl in his painting "Olga Khokhlova in Mantilla" to convince his parents for their blessing, and his idea worked. Picasso and Olga Khokhlova wed in Paris, in 1918, and had one son, Paolo. After their marriage, Olga's high society lifestyle clashed with Picasso's bohemian manners. They separated in 1935, but remained officially married until her death in 1954. Meanwhile, his most famous lovers, Marie Therese Walter and Dora Maar, were also his inspirational models for a series of experimental portraits. Picasso was a pacifist. His outcry for peace was expressed in large-scale painting Guernica (1937), created after the German bombing of this Spanish city. This powerful composition, showing the brutal inhumanity of war, became his most famous work and turned him into a political celebrity. In 1940 Picasso applied for French citizenship, but was denied it, and remained Spanish. Protected by his fame, he was untouchable even to the Nazis in the occupied Paris. A skillful self-promoter, he used politics, eccentricity, and provocation as a selling tool. Sarcastic harlequin and dominating minotaur were his personal symbols, frequently used in his artworks. His life turned into a PR campaign, playing with scandals; viciousness to his own children, exaggerated virility and beastly treatment of his women. However, he was forgiven by the public. Even his membership in the Communist party and his controversial comments about Joseph Stalin , who awarded Picasso the Stalin Prize for Peace in 1950, were ignored by his admirers. His life-long extraordinary artistic dialogue with Henri Matisse took a form of a "visual conversation" and exchange of their paintings with mutual respect. After WWII he returned to "classical" style and created the "Dove of Peace". An innovator and a multi-faceted personality, Picasso dominated the 20th century Western Art, spreading his influence beyond art into many aspects of culture and life. In his several film appearances Picasso always played himself. His lifestyle remained as bohemian and vivacious as it was in his youth. Picasso died in style while entertaining his guests at a dinner party, on April 8, 1973, in Mouglins, in southeastern France. Picasso's last words were "Drink to me, drink to my health, you know I ca


After Gianni Versace died, Donatella Versace, formerly vice-president, stepped in as creative director of Versace. What relation is she to Gianni?

Designer Shoes and Jeans Collection Celebrities with their Cars It seems like DMV has lost its mind giving a 2-time DUI felon (a.k.a Lindsay Lohan) her license back. Seen going to a doctor's appointment driving an ultra-luxe Maserati, it looks like she's happy to get back on the road again... much to the horror of traffic enforcers and Los Angeles in general. The heiress who was recently threatened by a crazy fan in her house was already seen out shopping with her GMC Yukon, as if no form of physical threat has happened to her. You can’t blame the crazy fans with that sundress and heavily exposed cleavage, it’s like she’s taunting potential harassers herself! Paris Runway Shoes Hot on the heels of Shoesense’s post about John Galliano’s crazy shoes (and please, let’s take a minute to goggle at the maestro’s Klimtian clothing that is simply gorgeous) comes some other footwear from the Paris Spring 08 runways. Anne Valérie Hash offers this cool shaped shoe in a variety of colors: And from the Armani Privé show comes a number of variations on the super-high spike heeled, pointy toed, bow-embellished pump. My fave shoe from the Armani Privé show, though, is this glitzy version, which accompanied one of the many gorgeous business suit inspired evening looks that came down the runway. Paris Fashion Week has started off with a beautiful bang, and I can’t wait to see what other couture outfits we get, whether or not there’s an Oscar red carpet for them to show up on in a few weeks. While it's all still fresh in our minds (and you still have time to save up), we feel it’s our civic duty to bring you our pick of the best shoes of the fall collections. Gucci’s skintight, over-the-knee boots can easily pinch-hit as the world’s hottest leggings. Tricked-out with mini mohawks and studded to a fare-thee-well, these pink Prada numbers were the most wildly inventive anti-recession shoes of the season. Dries Van Noten ushered in a welcome return to the super-chic pump, but with a bit of plot twist: an exotic snakeskin heel and last. Slightly slouchy and insanely sexy, these thigh-high boots by Nicholas Kirkwood for Rodarte were a perfect partner for sky-high hems. Jet black wasn’t the only game in town. Yves Saint Laurent’s ruby red, spindly-heel stunner is an instant classic, the shoe you’ll want to wear every day come fall. Peek-a-boo cutouts and a glam horn heel add extra sizzle to Christian Dior’s fashionable lace-up. These boots were made for walking: paired with everything from floaty frocks to tweedy cropped trousers, Burberry served up the ultimate all-weather platform. Lanvin’s racy red pumps are gussied-up with mirror accents and a beyond-artsy, curvilinear heel. A pop of cobalt at the toe and grey suede ties add a dose of 80s cool to Balenciaga’s woven leather, ankle-high shoes. Playful and tres Parisienne, Louis Vuitton’s glitter- and pearl-bedecked shoes added a flirty accent to the classic collection. Celebrity Shoe Fashion at NY Fashion Week Spring 2009 One of my favorite things about fashion week are the celebrity looks off the runway. For NY Fashion Week Spring 2009, we saw… Jennifer Lopez at the Oscar de la Renta show. J Lo wore fall 2008 Alexander McQueen bejeweled pumps featuring a 4.5 inch heel and jeweled, silk vamp. The shoes are available at the Alexander McQueen online website for $995. At Michael Kors Spring 2009, Blake Lively from Gossip Girls was decked in, what else, head to toe Michael Kors. The lattice A dress is available at Netaporter while Michael Kors’ patent ‘Candi’ double ankle strap pumps are at Zappos. Lindsay Lohan arrived at the Samantha Ronson show in these hot blue Chloe peeptoes, which are selling at Saks (for forest green only) for $585. Mary Kate Olsen loves the knee high, bondage, gladiator inspired look (seen in Chanel here). So it came as no surprise that Mary-Kate wore these Spring 2008 Givenchys at the DVF fashion show. Finally, Nicole Richie was rocking these suede with zipper pull Pierre Hardy pumps. They are 675 euros at Luisaviaroma. Tod's Shoes I always looked at Roger Vivier'


What was the first US Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, passed in 1890, that still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government?

What Happened from 1890 to 1899 including Important Events, Key Technology and Inventions   1890 Bismarck Resigns, He had achieved a few things but in 1890 Otto von Bismarck was forced to resign by Wilhelm II. His policies for social security were derided by his competitors, and his conservatism had started to wain on his being the leading statesman of Europe. It is interesting that Adolf Hitler was so enamored by the Prussian. Black Voter Rights Mississippi, Mississippi becomes the first state to incorporate requiring a literacy test as a qualification for voting, but to ensure uneducated whites could still vote, a grandfather clause is enacted that means any voter or descendent who had the right to vote prior to 1866 could still vote without the literacy test as a qualification. Those affected were poor uneducated blacks who had no right to vote prior to 1866. Sherman Antitrust Act, The Sherman Antitrust Act is passed on July 2, 1890. It was the first Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies to prevent the artificial raising of prices by restriction of trade or supply, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government. The McKinley Tariff, The McKinley Tariff is passed to set the average ad valorem tariff rate for imports to the United States at 48.4%, to protect US manufacturing.     1891 James Hogg Becomes First Native Texan Governor, Jim Hogg was the first born native Texan to serve as Governor of Texas, and he took office in 1891. He is well known for his supervision of the State's law enforcement and railroading communities. Birth Of Basketball , Dr. James Naismith, a physical education professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School (YMCA) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, invents an entirely new indoor game using a soccer ball and two peach baskets as goals (Basketball) while trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day. His Original set of rules are listed below: 1.) The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. 2.) The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands. 3.) A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed. 4.) The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding it. 5.) No shouldering, holding, striking, pushing, or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next basket is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed. 6.) A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of rules three and four and such described in rule five. 7.) If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the mean time making a foul). 8.) A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there (without falling), providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. 9.) When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side. 10.) The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify people according to Rule 5. 11.) The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep acco


What was the nickname of Lawrence Peter Berra, a former Major League Baseball player and manager who played almost his entire career for the New York Yankees and was elected to the baseball Hall of Fame in 1972?

Yogi Berra (Baseball Player) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Baseball Player Male Born May 12, 1925 Lawrence Peter "Yogi" Berra is a former American Major League Baseball catcher, outfielder, and manager. He played almost his entire 19-year baseball career (1946â1965) for the New York Yankees. Berra was one of only four players to be named the Most Valuable Player of the American League three times and is one of only six managers to lead both American and National League teams to the World Series. As a player, coach, or manager, Berra appeared in 21 World Series.…  Read More related links Zsa Zsa Gabor, Actress And Glamour Icon, Dead At 99 Huffington Post - Dec 18, 2016 ' \n Zsa Zsa Gabor has died at the age of 99. The actress and socialite died of a heart attack, according to TMZ. \n At her peak, Gabor was one of the most famous women in the world. Known for her unapologetically lavish lifestyle and bombshell image, she was in the public eye for more than six decades. Though GaborÂ withdrew from the limelight in her later years, she remained an enduring figure of old Hollywood glamour.Â  \n The daughter of a soldier and a European jewelry heiress,Â Sari Gabo... Tom Hanks, Diana Ross Among Obama's Last Medal Of Freedom Recipients Huffington Post - Nov 17, 2016 ' \n (Reuters) - In one of his final acts in office, President Barack Obama selected key figures in sports, entrepreneurship, philanthropy, activism, academia and entertainment among the 21 people who will be awarded the 2016 Presidential Medal of Freedom - the highest civilian honor in the United States. \n Obama will present recipients including rocker Bruce Springsteen, Motown soul singer Diana Ross, former basketball champions Michael Jordan and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and actors Tom Hanks, ... Cubs Win! Huffington Post - Nov 04, 2016 ' \n \n \nNo more \"wait \'til next year!\" Kiss goodbye the \"Billy Goat Curse\" forever. No longer are they the \"Lovable Losers.\" That\'s right! The Chicago Cubs beat the Cleveland Indians 8-7 in the 10th inning of the 7th game of the World Series to end a championship drought that lasted 108 years.  It\'s truly unbelievable. \n \nBoth teams were great and are great. It is the Cubs that proved the greatest. Down in the Series 3-1, they battled back to force the greatest game seven poss... Politico's Election Pundits Got To Do The 5 Stages Of Grief Over And Over This Year Huffington Post - Oct 14, 2016 ' It was on a Friday morning â hours before it would come to light that the GOP presidential nominee had once crudely joked about how the perks of fame include the ability to commit sexual assault âÂ that their talk turned briefly hopeful. \n Mike Pence, they said, was âlikable, confident, poised and articulate.â âCalm,â they said. âTruthful and a gentleman,â they said. And he would âmop the floorâ with Hillary Clinton, they insisted. \n If only the Indiana governor could be at the top of th... Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Yogi Berra. CHILDHOOD 1925 Birth Born on May 12, 1925. TEENAGE 1942 17 Years Old In 1942, the St. Louis Cardinals spurned Berra in favor of his boyhood best friend, Joe Garagiola. … Read More On the surface, the Cardinals seemed to think Garagiola the superior prospect, but team president Branch Rickey actually had an ulterior motive: Knowing he was soon to leave St. Louis to take over the operation of the Brooklyn Dodgers and more impressed with Berra than he let on, Rickey apparently planned to hold Berra off until he could sign him for the Dodgers. However, the Yankees signed Berra for the same $500 bonus the Cardinals offered Garagiola before Rickey could sign Berra to the Dodgers.

 During World War II, Berra served in the U.S. Navy as a gunner's mate on the attack transport during the D-Day invasion of France. A Second Class Seaman, Berra was one of a six-man crew on a Navy rocket boat, firing machine guns and launching rockets at the German defenses at Omaha Beach. He was fired upon, but was not hit, and later received several commendations for


In 1957 Luxembourg, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Germany and Italy joined together to form what?

European Economic Community | Article about European Economic Community by The Free Dictionary European Economic Community | Article about European Economic Community by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/European+Economic+Community Related to European Economic Community: European Union , European Economic Area , European Community , European Atomic Energy Community European Economic Community (EEC), organization established (1958) by a treaty signed in 1957 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany (now Germany); it was known informally as the Common Market. The EEC was the most significant of the three treaty organizations that were consolidated in 1967 to form the European Community (EC; known since the ratification [1993] of the Maastricht treaty as the European Union). The EEC had as its aim the eventual economic union of its member nations, ultimately leading to political union. It worked for the free movement of labor and capital, the abolition of trusts and cartels, and the development of joint and reciprocal policies on labor, social welfare, agriculture, transport, and foreign trade. In 1958, Britain proposed that the Common Market be expanded into a transatlantic free-trade area. After the proposal was vetoed by France, Britain engineered the formation (1960) of the European Free Trade Association European Free Trade Association (EFTA), customs union and trading bloc; its current members are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. EFTA was established in 1960 by Austria, Denmark, Great Britain, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland. ..... Click the link for more information.  (EFTA) and was joined by other European nations that did not belong to the Common Market. Beginning in 1973, EFTA and the EEC negotiated a series of agreements that would insure uniformity between the two organizations in many areas of economic policy, and by 1995, all but four of EFTA's members had transferred their memberships from EFTA to the European Union. One of the first important accomplishments of the EEC was the establishment (1962) of common price levels for agricultural products. In 1968, internal tariffs (tariffs on trade between member nations) were eliminated and a common external tariff was fixed. For subsequent developments, see European Union European Union (EU), name given since the ratification (Nov., 1993) of the Treaty of European Union, or Maastricht Treaty, to the European Community (EC), an economic and political confederation of European nations, and other organizations (with the same member nations) ..... Click the link for more information. . Bibliography See A. E. Walsh and J. Paxton, The Structure and Development of the Common Market (1968); R. C. Mowat, Creating the European Community (1973); A. M. Eli-Agraa, ed., The Economics of the European Community (1985); A. Sapir and J. Alexis, ed., The European Internal Market (1989). European Economic Community   (EEC, the Common Market), a state-monopoly organization of six Western European countries—France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The community was created to join the economies of the member nations into a unified “common market.” The treaty to establish the EEC was signed in March 1957 in Rome and went into effect on Jan. 1, 1958. The formation of the EEC represents a new phenomenon, arising out of the contemporary stage of the general crisis of capitalism. It reflects an objective tendency, characteristic of the monopoly stage of capitalism, toward internationalization of economic relations and capital and elimination of narrow national boundaries. This tendency was pointed out by V. I. Lenin, who emphasized that capitalism “links all countries of the world into a single economic whole,” since “the capitalist enterprise … inevitably outgrows the bounds … of the local market, the region, and then the state”(Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 3, p. 57). A basic reason for the establishment of the EEC is an attempt by the financial oligarc


Before 1972, what was Sri Lanka known as?

History of Sri Lanka - Originally known as Heladiva - Ceylon History of Sri Lanka About Mahavamsa | Mahavamsa Chapters | Mahavamsa Simplified Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. known as Ceylon before 1972 is an island nation in South Asia, located about 31 kilometers (18½ mi) off the southern coast of India. Originally known as Heladiva, it is home to around twenty million people. Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia and has been a centre of Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times. Today, Sri Lanka is a multi-religious and multi-ethnic nation, with a fifth of the population following faiths other than Buddhism – notably Hinduism, Christianity and Islam. The Sinhalese community forms the majority of the population (around 78%), with Tamils, who are mostly concentrated in the north and east of the island, forming the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include the Muslim Moors and Malays as well as Burghers. English is widely spoken and is studied as a compulsory secondary language in school. Island has a pleasant tropical climate and average temperature of the low lands ranges between 25-30 degrees Celsius. Famous for the production and export of tea, coffee, rubber and coconuts, Sri Lanka boasts a progressive and modern industrial economy. The natural beauty of Sri Lanka’s tropical forests, beaches and landscape, as well as its rich cultural heritage make it a world famous tourist destination. Sri Lanka’s Per Capita GDP is presently US$ 900 – the highest in South Asia and the Literacy rate is 92% – the highest in South Asia and second highest in Asia. According to the Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) Forecast 1998, Sri Lanka’s Business Environment ranks 11th in the region, and 42nd in the world, ahead of India, China, Indonesia, Vietnam and Pakistan. After over two thousand years of rule by local kingdoms, parts of Sri Lanka were colonized by Portugal and the Netherlands beginning in the 16th century, before the control of the entire country was ceded to the British Empire in 1815. During World War II Sri Lanka served as an important base for Allied forces in the fight against the Japanese Empire. A nationalist political movement arose in the country in the early 20th century, with the aim of obtaining political independence, which was eventually granted by the British after peaceful negotiations in 1948. Since then Sri Lanka has enjoyed a stable democracy and continuous economic progress, despite the ongoing conflict between the Sri Lankan government and a separatist militant group known as the Tamil Tigers in the northeastern parts of the country.   Naming of Sri Lanka  Known as Lamka, Lankadeepa, taprobane .. etc  In ancient times, Sri Lanka was known by a variety of names: ancient Greek geographers called it Taprobane and Arabs referred to it as Serendib (the origin of the word “serendipity”). Ceilão was the name given to Sri Lanka by the Portuguese when they arrived on the island in 1505, which was transliterated into English as Ceylon. In 1972, the official name of the country was changed to “Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka” whereas the island itself is referred to as lank?va, In 1978 it was changed to “Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka”. The current name is derived from Sanskrit word lamk?, meaning “resplendent land”, which was also the name of the island as described in the ancient Indian epics Mahabharata and the Ramayana.   Brief History Paleolithic human settlements have been discovered at excavations in several cave sites in the Western Plains region and the South-western face of the Central Hills region. Anthropologists believe that some discovered burial rites and certain decorative artifacts exhibit similarities between the first inhabitants of the island and the early inhabitants of Southern India. Recent bioanthropological studies have however dismissed these links, and have placed the origin of the people to the northern parts of India. One of the first written references to the island


"Which golfer was continuously ranked as the world's number one golfer on ""McCormack's World Golf Rankings"" from its inception in 1968 to 1977?"

GARY PLAYER TO MAKE HONORARY TEE SHOT AT THE 2017 CHUBB CLASSIC: Gary Player GARY PLAYER TO MAKE HONORARY TEE SHOT AT THE 2017 CHUBB CLASSIC Jan 13, 2017 | Filed Under: General News    Chubb Classic officials announced today that Gary Player, the 1988 inaugural champion, will be in attendance at the 2017 Chubb Classic to help celebrate its 30th anniversary in southwest Florida.  The Chubb Classic will take place February 13 – 19 at The TwinEagles Club. Regarded as one of the greatest players in golf history, Mr. Player has won 167 tournaments world-wide spanning seven decades and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974.  Mr. Player is a three-time champion of the Masters Tournament (1961, 1974, 1978) and The Open Championship (1959, 1968, 1974), while also having claimed victories at the PGA Championship (1962, 1972) and U.S. Open (1965) throughout his career on the PGA Tour.  He is still one of only 5 golfers ever to complete the Grand Slam of all four Major Championships. The year 1988 marked the PGA TOUR Champions first year in Naples held at The Club at Pelican Bay.  Mr. Player finished top of the leaderboard by one stroke to become the events inaugural champion for his ninth PGA TOUR Champions victory.  The Chubb Classic will welcome Gary Player back to Naples during the celebration of its 30th year in southwest Florida.  Mr. Player will tee it up in the official pro-am tournament and kick-off the first round of championship play with an honorary tee shot prior to the first round Friday morning, February 17. To see any event stay in one community for 30 years is truly special,” said Gary Player, the Black Knight and World Golf Hall of Fame member. “I am honored to have been a part of its first year in 1988 and look forward to joining the 30th year celebration during the 2017 Chubb Classic.” To purchase tickets, please visit http://www.ChubbClassic.com or call the tournament office at (239) 593-3900. 7 BOLD PREDICTIONS FOR GARY PLAYER IN 2017 Jan 9, 2017 | Filed Under: General News    He will travel more than 500,000 km – last year he traveled 400,000 km visiting countries such as Japan, Cambodia, Vietnam, United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Morocco, Cuba and many more   He will have his 32nd hole-in-one – he recorded his 31st ace during The Masters Par 3 Contest and the Black Knight still plays regularly, averaging 70 at 81 years old He will complete more than 250,000 sit-ups and crunches as he steps up his overall workout routine year on year He will not eat and any bacon or ice cream for the 27th consecutive year – he made a bet in the 90s that if his best friend quit smoking, he would give up these tasty treats for life. From the looks of his body he has kept his promise He will playfully outdrive Jack Nicklaus yet again at The Masters Ceremonial Tee Shot – the Golden Bear easily out drove the Black Knight when both were in their prime. The past several years have seen Player’s dedication to health and fitness really payoff in distance off the tee He will win one of his six Gary Player Invitational events around the world – his last GPI victory came in 2015, giving him 167 victories worldwide. He came close last year, with his team narrowly losing to singer Brian McFadden and LPGA winner Celine Herbin by one shot His golf course design firm be will break ground in its 40th country – in 2016 Gary Player visited Cuba continuing to spread golf around the world. With the country now opening its doors to the tourism world, Gary Player Design is looking forward to new starting projects soon in the island nation GARY PLAYER, AGE & FITNESS Dec 20, 2016 | Filed Under: General News    Gary Player turned 81 this year. However, the Grand Slam golfer remains young at heart, and, in many ways, in body—he still works out harder than most people half his age. Player holds a number of records that prove that age really is just a number. In his early career he set a few records for being the youngest to achieve various professional milestones. More recently, he has set several records for being the oldest. Player’s focus o