What sport was played at Horse Guards Parade in the 2012 Olympics?

London Olympics 2012: Horse Guards Parade injecting life into beach volleyball | National Post StumbleUpon London Olympics 2012: Horse Guards Parade injecting life into beach volleyball LONDON — The easiest column at any Summer Olympics is the one that makes fun of beach volleyball. It’s gratuitous, petty and mean-spirited, seeking cheap laughs while ignoring the years of hard work and dedication the athletes have put into reaching their sport’s highest level. So let’s get right to it. In Monday’s edition of the Daily Telegraph, London mayor Boris Johnson wrote a quite hilarious piece detailing “20 reasons to be cheerful and proud about the way our London 2012 Olympics are going so far.” No. 19 went like this: “As I write these words there are semi-naked women playing beach volleyball in the middle of the Horse Guards Parade immortalized by Canaletto. They are glistening like wet otters and the water is plashing off the brims of the spectators’ sou’westers. The whole thing is magnificent and bonkers.” He didn’t mean the sport was a joke. Try to picture running in deepish sand while chasing down a smartly-batted volleyball on a 64-square-metre patch of territory far too large for two people to adequately defend. It’s hard. It’s even harder when you’re wearing a bikini on a cold, windy, rainy night, are glistening like an otter and have goosebumps the size of … wait, those aren’t goosebumps. Related Falling in love with Olympic beach volleyball has its value No, what Boris was saying was that the juxtaposition of this clearly wacko enterprise and the epicentre of English history is strikingly incongruous. So much fun, in the middle of so much seriousness. For all kinds of reasons — beginning with the scarcity of civic leaders with a sense of humour, and history that began the day before yesterday compared to the antiquity all about London — this could never happen in Canada. Peering down at the ersatz beach from the press seating area, Big Ben, sounding the 11 o’clock hour, Parliament and Westminster Abbey are off to the right, the Churchill War Rooms over the right shoulder, Buckingham Palace directly behind, the Old Admiralty building to the left, and the old War Office building and London Eye (across the Thames, but looking very close) ahead. Within a couple of blocks are 10 Downing Street and Scotland Yard. The elaborate changing of the guard ceremony, which is normally carried out promptly at 11 — not only on foot by the Palace guards but also, on horseback, right on the site of this patch of sand in the middle of a 15,000-seat Meccano set — has been temporarily moved to the other side of the Horse Guards building. This ancient rite is taking place, then, in stately precision while being serenaded from the beach’s speaker system by AC/DC’s Back in Black, Queen’s We Will Rock You, House of Pain’s Jump Around and — the piece de resistance — Miami Sound Machine’s Conga, the latter accompanied by a troupe of scantily-clad dancers gyrating for the crowd’s enjoyment. On a warm, sunny Monday, the crowd was enjoying it very much. London 2012 may be suffering an early crisis of unused tickets leaving venues looking half-empty, but beach volleyball is going gangbusters. Even on the cool, wet days, the female players have staunchly refused to put on the long- sleeved tops or long-suit bottoms, everyone’s all shiny and bronzed and sleek and tattooed just enough to be attractive — (Boris Johnson again: “16. The Olympics are proving to be a boost to tattoo parlours. Plenty of people seem to want their thighs inscribed with ‘Oylimpics 2012’ and other ineradicable misspellings …”) — because, let’s face it, the sport doesn’t exactly hide its sexy under a bushel. On that score, the Canadian men’s team of Toronto’s Joshua Binstock and Comox, B.C.’s Martin Reader — a 6-foot-7 part-time model — is well up the standings. They’re only 1-1 in matches played so far, though, because Monday they were roundly beaten in straight sets, 21-14, 21-14, by Norway’s Tarjei Skarlund and Martin Spinnangr. Fortunately, it’s a round-robin, and even if they


Country Codes Using the Dictionary Country Codes The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) under its standard ISO 3166 has established two-letter (2-alpha) and three-letter (3-alpha) codes for the various countries of the world, including independent states, dependent areas, and certain areas of contested jurisdiction or special status. These codes are published and revised when needed by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency . The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) assigns two-letter codes for country-coded top-level domains in Internet addresses. These codes are the same as the ISO 2-alpha codes in nearly all cases. The International Olympic Committee also assigns three-letter codes to its national organizing committees and the teams they send to the Olympic Games. These codes coincide with the ISO codes for many countries, but differ for many others. Worse: a few of the IOC codes conflict directly with ISO codes. For example, ANT was previously assigned by the ISO to Netherlands Antilles and by the IOC to Antigua and Barbuda. The United Nations maintains a list of Distinguishing Signs of Vehicles in International Traffic; these codes appear in oval-shaped signs displayed on the rear of vehicles. These codes were authorized by the UN's 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic. (In the U.S., the use of the oval design is not controlled and vehicles often display similar ovals with a wide variety of non-standard codes.) Many of the vehicle codes created since the adoption of ISO 3166 coincide with either the ISO 2-alpha or 3-alpha codes, but many of the codes, especially the older European ones, do not. In Europe, the vehicle codes are often used in postal addressing, preceding the delivery code. (Complete postal addressing information is available from the Universal Postal Union .) Three-digit numerical codes for countries are also specified by ISO 3166; these  codes are actually provided by the United  Nations Statistical Division . The International Telecommunications Union assigns 1-, 2-, or 3-digit country calling codes for international telephone   calls. The calling code "1" is assigned to the entire North American    Numbering Plan Area (NANPA), which includes the U.S. and its possessions,   Canada, Bermuda, the British Commonwealth nations of the Caribbean, and   the Dominican Republic. Within this region the "1" is followed   by a NANPA 3-digit area code. Also, code "7" is assigned to a   large calling area including the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan. All   other countries and territories have their own 2-digit or 3-digit code. In the following table, Internet codes are from IANA's Root-Zone  Whois Index . ISO 2-alpha codes are from the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency, English  country names and code elements . ISO 3-alpha codes are not posted to the  Internet by ISO; the codes shown are from the United Nations, Country  and Region Codes for Statistical Use , which also provided the numerical  codes. Some additional 3-alpha and numerical codes are taken from the CIA  Factbook Appendix D (Country Data Codes) . IOC codes are from the IOC's National  Olympic Committees pages. Vehicle  codes are from the Transport Division of the UN Economic Commission for Europe; I have omitted several vehicle codes  which appear to be obsolete because they refer to previous names of the territory  rather than the present name. Country Name Return to the Dictionary Contents page . You are welcome to email the author (rowlett@email.unc.edu) with comments and suggestions. All material in this folder is copyright © 2006 by Russ Rowlett and the  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Permission is granted for personal  use and for use by individual teachers in conducting their own classes. All  other rights reserved. You are welcome to make links to this page, but please  do not copy the contents of any page in this folder to another site. The material  at this site will be updated from time to time. February 19, 2004; updated June 20, 2006


"Which us writer wrote ""On The Road"" in 1958?"

Jack Kerouac - Poet | Academy of American Poets Academy of American Poets The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy’s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. browse poems & poets Beat Born in Lowell, Massachusetts, on March 12, 1922, Jack Kerouac, baptised Jean Louis Kirouac, was the youngest of three children of French-Canadian immigrants from Quebec, Canada. He was raised speaking the French-Canadian working class dialect Joual until he learned English at age five. Kerouac studied at local Catholic public schools and the Horace Mann School in New York City, as well as Columbia University and The New School. He was awarded athletic scholarships to attend Boston College, University of Notre Dame, and Columbia University, though an injury during his freshman season at Columbia kept him from playing and eventually led to his dropping out of school. In 1942, Kerouac joined the United States Merchant Marine, and a year later joined the United States Navy—he served only eight days of active duty before being honorably discharged on psychiatric grounds. Soon after, Kerouac was involved in the murder of David Kammerer, having helped his friend Lucien Carr dispose of evidence, and was arrested as a material witness. Unable to convince his father to pay for bail, Kerouac agreed to marry fellow writer Edie Parker in exchange for her financial support and moved to Detroit, Michigan. Their marriage was quickly annulled due to infidelity, and Kerouac returned to New York City in 1944. Upon Kerouac's return to New York, he lived with his parents in Queens, where he wrote his first novel, The Town and the City (Harcourt Brace, 1950). Through Lucien Carr, Kerouac had met many of the literary figures now associated with the Beat Generation , including Allen Ginsberg and William S. Burroughs, and in 1949 he began his most famous literary work, On the Road (Viking Press, 1957), which was tentatively titled "The Beat Generation" and "Gone on the Road." Kerouac finished the largely autobiographical novel in April 1951, though it remained unpublished until 1957. During that time, Kerouac completed ten other autobiographical novels, including The Subterraneans (Grove Press, 1958), Doctor Sax (Grove Press, 1959), Tristessa (Avon, 1960), and Desolation Angels (Coward McCann, 1965). In July of 1957, Kerouac moved to Orlando, Florida, while awaiting the release of On the Road later that year. Soon after, the New York Times ran a review lauding Kerouac as the voice of a new generation. The success of the novel garnered Kerouac celebrity status as a major American author, and his friendship with Ginsberg, Burroughs, and Gregory Corso cemented the influence of what became known as the Beat Generation. Other poet friends of Kerouac include Philip Lamantia, Gary Snyder , Philip Whalen, Lawrence Ferlinghetti , Michael McClure, Bob Kaufman , Diane di Prima , Lew Welch, and Amiri Baraka . Though best known for his novels, Kerouac is also associated with poetry of the Beat movement, including spoken word. Kerouac wrote that he wanted "to be considered as a jazz poet blowing a long blues in an afternoon jazz session on Sunday." And in his "Statement on Poetics" for The New American Poetry , he asserts: Add alluvials to the end of your line when all is exhausted but something has to be said for some specified irrational reason, since reason can never win out, because poetry is NOT a science. The rhythm of how you 'rush' yr statement determines the rhythm of the poem, whether it is a poem in verse-separated lines, or an endless one-line poem called prose . . . In


In the Bible, who was the wife of Abraham?

2. Yes, My Lord— The Story of Abraham and Sarah | Bible.org From the series: Living in Love: Secrets from Bible Marriages PREVIOUS PAGE | NEXT PAGE 2. Yes, My Lord— The Story of Abraham and Sarah God said to Eve, “Yet your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you” (Gen. 3:16). That was part of the burden which sin brought to the woman, and it is interesting that the next major husband and wife relationship in Scripture illustrates a wife’s submission to her husband’s rule. Sarah is commended twice by New Testament writers, once for her faith (Heb. 11:11) and once for her submission to her husband (1 Pet. 3:5, 6). The Apostle Peter went so far as to say she “obeyed Abraham, calling him lord.” We would not think of asking a wife to call her husband “lord” in our culture, but in that day it was Sarah’s way of expressing her submissiveness. Strangely enough, these two principles, faith and submission, actually go together. Submission for a wife is basically faith that God is working through her husband to accomplish what is best for her. And that is the story of Sarah’s life with Abraham. Look first at the early seeds of faith. The story began in the city of Ur, a thriving metropolis near the ancient coastline of the Persian Gulf. At least one man was repulsed by the idolatry and sin of Ur, for he had come to know the one true and living God. In fact, God had spoken to him: “Go forth from your country, and from your relatives and from your father’s house, to the land which I will show you; and I will make you a great nation, and I will bless you, and make your name great; and so you shall be a blessing; and I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse. And in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed” (Gen. 12:1-3). Armed with that potent promise, Abraham pulled up stakes, and with his father Terah, his nephew Lot, and his wife Sarah, began the long trek northward around the fertile crescent to the city of Haran. Moving is no fun, particularly when your moving van is a camel or a donkey, and especially when you don’t even know where you are going! “By faith Abraham, when he was called, obeyed by going out to a place which he was to receive for an inheritance; and he went out, not knowing where he was going” (Heb. 11:8). That is probably harder on a woman than it is on a man. Sarah is not mentioned in that verse, but her faith is there, every bit as steadfast as Abraham’s. She believed that God would sustain her through the arduous journey and show her husband the place he had chosen for them. Sarah was not a weak, spineless, overly dependent, empty-headed woman. Her parents called her Sarai, and names had meaning in the ancient biblical world. Hers meant “princess.” It may have described her great beauty, which is referred to twice in the inspired record (Gen. 12:11, 14). It probably described, as well, her cultured upbringing, her fine education, her stately charm, and her gracious manner. When God changed her name to Sarah, he did not remove the princely connotation, but rather added the further dignity of motherhood. She is called in that context “a mother of nations” (Gen. 17:15-16). Sarah was an intelligent and capable woman. But when she married Abraham she made a decision. She established as her mission in life the task of helping her husband fulfill God’s purposes for him. That was not weakness. It was God’s will for her life: true biblical submission. Some wives have been systematically sabotaging God’s plan for their husbands because they have not been willing to believe God and entrust themselves to His wisdom. They simply will not trust God to work through their husbands to accomplish what is best. They feel they must help God along by trying to dominate their husbands. It appears as though Abraham’s father refused to go on when they reached Haran. He was an idol worshiper (Josh. 24:2), and the city of Haran suited him fine for the remainder of his days. He delayed God’s purposes for Abraham, but he could not destroy them. At Terah’s death, Abraham, then s


Kampuchea is a former name of which country?

What is the former name of Cambodia? | Reference.com What is the former name of Cambodia? A: Quick Answer The former name of Cambodia was "Kampuchea," a name the Khmer people of Southeast Asia called their nation for centuries, according to Asia Travel. The English name for the country, Cambodia, is an adaptation of "Kampuja." Full Answer When the Communist party, the Khmer Rouge, took over in the mid 1970s, officials began insisting the world use the name Kampuchea; however, the U.S. State Department and much of the rest of the Western world, continued to call the country Cambodia. After the influence of the Khmer Rouge began to wane in the late 1980s, the nation was officially renamed Cambodia, a change that reflected the peoples' desire to distance themselves from the murderous Khmer Rouge.


What was the name of Harry Enfield's upper class twit character who is usually being ripped off?

Harry Enfield's Television Programme : Wikis (The Full Wiki) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Harry Enfield's Television Programme BBC One (Harry Enfield and Chums) Original airing 8 November 1990 - 24 December 1992 4 November 1994 - 24 December 1998 Chronology The Fast Show (1994-2000) Harry Enfield's Television Programme is a British sketch show starring Harry Enfield and Paul Whitehouse . It was first broadcast on BBC Two in 1990 in the Thursday 9pm slot that had become the traditional time for alternative comedy . Enfield was already an established name due to his 'Loadsamoney' character (which featured in a few entertainment programmes in the late 1980s), but the series gave greater presence to his frequent collaborators Paul Whitehouse and Kathy Burke - so much so that, in 1994, the show was retitled Harry Enfield and Chums. Contents 5 External links History The 1990 series was written solely by Enfield, Whitehouse, Charlie Higson and Geoffrey Perkins . The original series titles began with Enfield in a black suit walking towards the camera and blowing a raspberry to the music of a brass band, and ended with him taking a quick drag from a cigarette hidden behind his back. There was also a Christmas special produced for this series. After the original series, there were a couple of radio appearances and a one-off special for the characters Smashey and Nicey. During the period between series, Enfield concentrated on straight acting parts, and Whitehouse worked on other projects. Through repeats, the characters proved popular, and in 1994 , BBC1 commissioned a new series called Harry Enfield And Chums. This series was produced with a pool of writers, rather than the cast alone. The format of the opening credits was the same, although Enfield was now joined by co-stars Whitehouse and Burke to take a collective bow to the audience. There were two Christmas specials produced for this series. Characters Smashie and Nicey   Out-of-date Fab FM DJs Dave Nice and Mike Smash, a thinly veiled parody of some older Radio 1 DJs of the time. It is believed that the characters were based primarily on Mike Read , Simon Bates and Tony Blackburn , though other than-current DJs such as Alan Freeman were also believed to have influenced the writers. Each skit would feature the pair's love of " You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet " by Bachman-Turner Overdrive , seemingly the only record they ever played - although they were shown playing other records at the introduction of several sketches. The pair would also try to outdo each other with deliberate mentions of charidee (charity) work for which the pair would ostensibly claim to be keeping hush-hush. Wayne and Waynetta Slob  (derived from one of Burke's stand-up skits) A pair of benefit-dependent proto- Chavs with a dubious sense of hygiene. They argue over the name of their unborn child - Wayne: "'Ow about 'Ashtray'?" Waynetta: "Ashtray's a boy's name" - or pizza. Waynetta eventually names the child Frogmella because "it's exotic". Later she has another daughter named Spudulika . Enfield based them on a couple with a similar lifestyle that lived in a flat in the floor below him in his younger days. Tim Nice-But-Dim  An upper class twit who is usually being ripped off by one of his 'jolly nice' prep-school chums. He is an exaggerated version of "posh" yet pleasant and stupid people that Enfield knew. He is a fictional Old Ardinian . He has an eccentric public school-influenced dress-sense involving jeans and a blazer worn over a rugby shirt. The character was initially created by Ian Hislop and Nick Newman . His catchphrase is "What an absolutely, thoroughly, bloody nice bloke!". He appeared in TV adverts promoting British meat on in the late nineties and early 2000s. The adverts were pulled because of the 2001 foot-and-mouth crisis . [1] Lee and Lance  Two idiot mechanics (fruit and veg / fish stall holders in the later series) commenting on current affairs much in the same mode as " Pete and Dud ". Lance is tone deaf but can sing Italian opera perfectly. Lee thinks he is cleverer than Lanc


"In what year did Enoch Powell make his famous ""rivers of blood"" speech?"

Enoch Powell's 'Rivers of Blood' speech - Telegraph Enoch Powell's 'Rivers of Blood' speech 12:01AM GMT 06 Nov 2007 This is the full text of Enoch Powell's so-called 'Rivers of Blood' speech, which was delivered to a Conservative Association meeting in Birmingham on April 20 1968. The supreme function of statesmanship is to provide against preventable evils. In seeking to do so, it encounters obstacles which are deeply rooted in human nature. One is that by the very order of things such evils are not demonstrable until they have occurred: at each stage in their onset there is room for doubt and for dispute whether they be real or imaginary. By the same token, they attract little attention in comparison with current troubles, which are both indisputable and pressing: whence the besetting temptation of all politics to concern itself with the immediate present at the expense of the future. Above all, people are disposed to mistake predicting troubles for causing troubles and even for desiring troubles: "If only," they love to think, "if only people wouldn't talk about it, it probably wouldn't happen." Perhaps this habit goes back to the primitive belief that the word and the thing, the name and the object, are identical. At all events, the discussion of future grave but, with effort now, avoidable evils is the most unpopular and at the same time the most necessary occupation for the politician. Those who knowingly shirk it deserve, and not infrequently receive, the curses of those who come after. A week or two ago I fell into conversation with a constituent, a middle-aged, quite ordinary working man employed in one of our nationalised industries. After a sentence or two about the weather, he suddenly said: "If I had the money to go, I wouldn't stay in this country." I made some deprecatory reply to the effect that even this government wouldn't last for ever; but he took no notice, and continued: "I have three children, all of them been through grammar school and two of them married now, with family. I shan't be satisfied till I have seen them all settled overseas. In this country in 15 or 20 years' time the black man will have the whip hand over the white man." I can already hear the chorus of execration. How dare I say such a horrible thing? How dare I stir up trouble and inflame feelings by repeating such a conversation? The answer is that I do not have the right not to do so. Here is a decent, ordinary fellow Englishman, who in broad daylight in my own town says to me, his Member of Parliament, that his country will not be worth living in for his children. I simply do not have the right to shrug my shoulders and think about something else. What he is saying, thousands and hundreds of thousands are saying and thinking - not throughout Great Britain, perhaps, but in the areas that are already undergoing the total transformation to which there is no parallel in a thousand years of English history. In 15 or 20 years, on present trends, there will be in this country three and a half million Commonwealth immigrants and their descendants. That is not my figure. That is the official figure given to parliament by the spokesman of the Registrar General's Office. There is no comparable official figure for the year 2000, but it must be in the region of five to seven million, approximately one-tenth of the whole population, and approaching that of Greater London. Of course, it will not be evenly distributed from Margate to Aberystwyth and from Penzance to Aberdeen. Whole areas, towns and parts of towns across England will be occupied by sections of the immigrant and immigrant-descended population. As time goes on, the proportion of this total who are immigrant descendants, those born in England, who arrived here by exactly the same route as the rest of us, will rapidly increase. Already by 1985 the native-born would constitute the majority. It is this fact which creates the extreme urgency of action now, of just that kind of action which is hardest for politicians to take, action where the difficulties lie in the present but the evil


Who has competed in 7 of the last 10 all Ireland senior Gaelic football championship finals?

GAA Football Championship preview: Can anyone stop Dublin? | GAA News | Sky Sports GAA Football Championship preview: Can anyone stop Dublin? By Sean McCarthy Last Updated: 27/05/16 3:31pm Can Bernard Brogan fire Dublin to another clean sweep in 2016? The 2016 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship gets underway this weekend, with games taking place in both Leinster and Ulster. We take a look at the four provinces and ask whether anyone can stop Dublin from retaining the Sam Maguire Cup. Connacht Mayo are aiming for a sixth successive Connacht title Mayo will be looking to claim the Nestor Cup for the sixth time in a row and should have no problems overcoming London in the quarter-finals. Roscommon, tipped by many as contenders this year, had the scare of their lives when they narrowly avoided defeat in the preliminary round against New York. Who was benefitted most from the back-door system? They face neighbours Leitrim in the quarter-finals and should perform to the standard expected of them. The winners will face Sligo in the last four, while Mayo will face Galway. Both Mayo and Roscommon should get through to the final. The Rossies last won Connacht in 2010 but while they will keep within touching distance until the end, Mayo should retain their Connacht title and set a new record. Leinster Dublin are seeking their 11th provincial title in 12 years It's not a case of who will win, more a case of how much Dublin will win by. The Dubs have won the Delaney Cup for the last five years and 10 of the last 11 years, with only Meath's win in 2010 stopping them from being on the brink of 12 titles in a row. Jim Gavin's men are not unbeatable but they are so far ahead of everyone else in Leinster they will not get properly challenged until the All-Ireland semi-finals, where they could meet Kerry. The draw wasn't kind to Meath and Laois as they are on the same side as Dublin. However, in a rare move, the Leinster Council have moved Dublin's game out of Croke Park and they will face the winners of the Laois v Wicklow in Nowlan Park. This will be the Dubs' first game outside Croke Park since 2006. Westmeath's comeback win over Meath was one of the games of the 2015 season Meath should see off the challenge of Louth, although the Wee County are still bitter about the controversial 2010 Leinster final defeat, and will face Dublin in the semi-finals. There is nothing a Meathman loves more than trying to beat the Dubs but in reality, the Royals are a shadow of their former greatness and Dublin will win in third gear. On the other side of the Leinster draw, Kildare and Westmeath will be aiming for a Leinster final appearance. Westmeath have had a terrible few years in the league, going straight down from Division One to Division Four in three years. However, they have some very good attacking players like John Heslin and Shane Dempsey. The Lake County provided the football championship with one of the games of the summer last year with their first victory over rivals Meath. That got them to a Leinster final and they will have serious ambitions to get back there this season. Munster Kerry and Cork are expected to lock horns once again in the Munster final Apart from Clare in 1992, Cork and Kerry have shared the Munster title since 1936 and the draw sets up another potential final between the two heavyweights. Munster champions Kerry have won the provincial title 77 times to Cork's 37 and it's hard to look beyond the Kingdom claiming a 78th crown this year. Cork are a shadow of their former glories and it looks like the fourth round of the qualifiers for the Rebel County. Of the rest, Limerick should beat Clare but suffer defeat to Kerry. Tipperary, on form, will lose to Cork. While Dublin will dominate in Leinster, it has only been that way since 2005. Munster has Kerry or Cork as title holders in 114 of the 127 years of the Munster Championship. Ulster Monaghan and Donegal have shared the last four Ulster titles Ulster football comes in for a lot of criticism but it is the only genuinely competitive province, with a number of counti


"What hit pop record began with the lines ""Oh, my love, my darlin , I hunger for your touch""?"

The Best Sad Songs Ever: the Greatest Sad Songs of All Time The HyperTexts The Best Sad Songs Ever: the Greatest Sad/Dark/Haunting Songs of All Time If you're a lyric nut like me, you may want to check out my page on the greatest rock lyrics of all time . That page considers songs strictly as poems, on the merits of their words alone. This page considers sad/dark/haunting songs as comprehensive works of art. When words and music are considered together, some songs rise in my rankings while others drop. Please keep in mind that both lists are the result of my personal taste in music, and my strong preference for killer lyrics. The purpose of my list is not to dictate anything to anyone, but simply to say, paraphrasing Buffalo Springfield, "Here's what I think, for what it's worth ..." The top singers and songwriters of sad songs include Eric Clapton, Sam Cooke, Bob Dylan, Dan Fogelberg, Aretha Franklin, Marvin Gaye, Mick Jaggar, Elton John, George Jones, Janis Joplin, Carole King, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Freddy Mercury, Steve Perry, Elvis Presley, Prince, Smokey Robinson, Paul Simon, Bruce Springsteen, Cat Stevens, James Taylor, Roger Waters and Hank Williams Sr. compiled by Michael R. Burch As with my other music pages, I have included snippets of trivia about songs here and there, answering questions such as: Which soul singer/songwriter wrote a heartfelt plea for love, understanding and mercy, only to be murdered by his father? Which country singer-songwriter pledged to be faithful to his wife, only to record a song written by his mistress? What pagan Celtic song became a Christian children's hymn, then a hit single for the West's most famous Muslim singer? What line from a sermon by John Donne spurred the bitter refutation of a young monkish troubadour? What does Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven" have in common with Saint Peter's second sermon after Pentecost? Why do so many people get married to the dark, relationship-in-the-process-of-disintegrating lyrics of my number one sad love song, which is also my number one anti-love song of all time? Which incredibly sad song was written as an anti-suicide message? Which sad, dark song was written shortly after the assassination of John F. Kennedy? Which famous singer-songwriter died shortly after recording a song about how bad he felt? I will now count down my top 25 sad/dark songs of all time, then reveal my "honorable mentions" ... #25 — Tie: Several Songs, Old and New, Borrowed and Exceptionally Blue ... "A Picture from Life's Other Side" was the favorite song of Woody Guthrie "The Needle and the Damage Done" is a song about drug abuse written by Neil Young for a friend who died soon thereafter "The Sound of Silence" was written by Paul Simon shortly after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, one of the darkest periods in American history "Wish You Were Here" and "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" were written by Roger Waters for Pink Floyd's former lead singer, Syd Barrett, who showed up at the studio but was not recognized by his former band-mates "Angel Flying too Close to the Ground" is a song about a suffering human angel written and performed by Willie Nelson "Angie" was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, and performed by the Rolling Stones "As Tears Go By" was written by Jagger, Richards and Andres Loog Oldham, and performed by Marianne Faithful "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry" was written and performed by Hank Williams Sr. "He Stopped Loving Her Today" was written by Bobby Braddock and Curly Putman, and performed by George Jones "At Seventeen" is a song of intense loneliness and alienation written and performed by Janis Ian "Love Hurts" was written by Boudleaux Bryant and performed by Nazareth, Roy Orbison and the Everly Brothers "Ghosts" is a haunting song written and performed by Dan Fogelberg, an amazingly talented singer, songwriter and musician "Everybody Hurts" was written by R.E.M. as an anti-suicide song "Hurt" was recorded by Johnny Cash shortly before his death; his wife died three months after the video was


Exegesis is the study and analysis of what?

hermeneutical approaches - What is the difference between exegesis and hermeneutics? - Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange What is the difference between exegesis and hermeneutics? up vote 37 down vote favorite 11 What is the difference between exegesis and hermeneutics? Are they the same, is there overlap, or does one pick up where the other leaves off? up vote 16 down vote accepted What is 'hermeneutics'? Hermeneutics is the field of study concerned with the philosophy and science of interpretation -- especially the interpretation of communication . "Biblical hermeneutics" is specifically concerned with the philosophy and science of interpreting the Biblical text. So Biblical hermeneutics would cover all of the following sorts of inquiries and more: (Theory:) What role does Divine illumination play in the interpretation of Scripture? ( cf. ) (Methods:) What process can we follow to determine whether an apparent chiasm was intentional by the author? ( cf. ) (Principles:) What are the limits of the Christocentric Principle? ( cf. ) What is 'exegesis'? Exegesis, as indicated by its etymology , is the act of critically interpreting a text in an attempt to "draw the meaning out" of the text. (This is in contrast to what has come to be know as eisegesis , where one reads his own meaning into the text.) "Biblical exegesis" is the act of drawing the meaning out of a Biblical text. So Biblical exegesis would cover all of the following sorts of inquiries and more: (Literary Criticism:) What significance does John perceive in the piercing of Christ's side and the flow of blood and water? The relationship between hermeneutics and exegesis Basically the distinction boils down to this (as it pertains to the Bible*): Hermeneutics is the field of study concerned with how we interpret the Bible. Exegesis is the actual interpretation of the Bible by drawing the meaning out of the Biblical text. The distinction is not quite as simple as "theory vs. application," though, since hermeneutics is not just concerned with the philosophy of exegesis, and exegesis is not merely the application of hermeneutical theory -- even if we restrict our comparison to Biblical hermeneutics and Biblical exegesis. Here are a couple of examples to illustrate this: Hermeneutics also studies the role of eisegesis in interpretation, which is by definition not part of exegesis. Hermeneutics considers the role of church doctrine and theology in interpretation -- both of which are (often) irrelevant to exegesis. (Ray explained the challenges with seeing exegesis as "applied hermeneutics" in this meta post .) So we are sort of comparing apples to... ontology here. In a sense there is no overlap; The focus of exegesis is the text. The focus of hermeneutics is stuff like exegesis... why do we do it? how do we do it? how should we do it? As far as sequence, I suppose it could be argued that since exegesis is "critical" in nature, it implies some scientific method, which implies some prior hermeneutic. That is as far as I think we could go in relating the two sequentially, though.** *Given the scope of this site, I am assuming the question is specifically about the distinction between Biblical hermeneutics and Biblical exegesis. **Gordon Fee and Dougless Stewart, in How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth ) say that exegesis is Step 1 and hermeneutics is Step 2 to emphasize that what we think about the text should be based on what the text actually says. (But they essentially had to redefined their terms in order to make this point.)      - Jas 3.1 (A.) It is incorrect to state that "Eisegesis is not a part of Exegesis": we rely on Eisegesis, and bring in cultural factors to understand: Judges 12, and "Shibboleth"; Solomon relying on the "probable" behavior of a legitimate mother; etc. (B.) Traditions and Doctrine ARE very important to Exegesis, otherwise passages have little depth: Jesus condemning observance of tradition, over commandment: Matt. 15:9, "Corban", in Mark 7:11-13; Circumcision, John 7:22-23, etc. (C.) Corrected this comment because of my misunderstanding


In which Rodgers and Hammerstein musical does the character Nellie Forbush appear?

South Pacific - Rodgers & Hammerstein II - The Guide to Musical Theatre   South Pacific a musical play in two acts by Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan     adapted from 'Tales of the South Pacific' by James Michener. Lyrics by     Oscar Hammerstein II. Music by Richard Rodgers. Majestic Theatre, New York, 7 April 1949 Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London, 1 November 1951 A film version was produced by Twentieth Century-Fox in 1958 Story Act I On a South Pacific island during World War II, two little children     are playing on the terrace of the home of a rich planter (DITES-MOI).     The planter, Emile de Becque, has fallen in love with Nellie Forbush,     a young Navy Nurse from Little Rock, Arkansas. Nellie, a self-described     country hick with an unremittingly sunny outlook (A COCKEYED OPTIMIST)     finds herself drawn to this dark and brooding Frenchman (TWIN SOLILOQUIES),     whose romantic and passionate emotions win her over (SOME ENCHANTED     EVENING). Also stationed on the island are a group of restless sailors, seabees     and marines who are obviously bored and sorely in need of female companionship     (THERE IS NOTHIN' LIKE A DAME). Souvenir collecting is about the only     active pastime and has developed into a marketing war between Seabee     Luther Billis, who has cornered the market in everything from grass skirts     to shrunken heads, and Bloody Mary, the local Tokinese dealer in such     trophies. Lt. Joseph Cable, a handsome young Marine, arrives with an assignment     to persuade de Becque, who is familiar with the nearby islands, to accompany     him on a dangerous secret mission. They are to hide out on a Japanese-held     island, watch for enemy ships and convey this information to their own     pilots, to help them attack the Japanese convoys. Nellie's friendship     with Emile is known to the Island Commander and she is asked to obtain     all the information she can about him. Meanwhile, Luther Billis' present mission is to get over to the mysterious     and forbidden island of Bali Hal - and he convinces LA. Cable to lead     a pleasure-seeking expedition there (BALI HA'I). On the island, Bloody     Mary introduces Cable to her beautiful daughter, Liat, and the Lieutenant     falls in love with her (YOUNGER THAN SPRINGTIME). Confused about her feelings for Emile, Nellie decides to play it safe     by simply deciding I'M GONNA WASH THAT MAN RIGHT OUT-A MY HAIR. But Emile     convinces her of his love, (I'M IN LOVE WITH A WONDERFUL GUY); Nellie     is in love, and now believes that she and Emile could spend a wonderful     lifetime together. Emile introduces her to two sweet native children,     the off-spring of a Polynesian woman and a European. Nellie is charmed     by the children but then, when Emile says they are his, the prejudices     and fear inherent in her small town upbringing rise to the surface and,     panicked, she runs from Emile and from their future.  Act II Nellie throws herself into her work - as voluntary director and star     of the home-grown "Thanksgiving Follies" show. Backstage, Bloody     Mary and Liat have come to Cable, to convince him to take this chance     for love (HAPPY TALK) but Joe, despite his deep love for Liat, is caught     in a similar trap of his own prejudices and, though he loves her, decides     he cannot marry her. Emile, who has fought so hard all his life for freedom     and fairness, cannot understand how two people such as Nellie and Cable     can walk away from a chance for love, prevented by an incomprehensible     logic. This logic isn't born in you, Cable explains bitterly; YOU'VE     GOT TO BE CAREFULLY TAUGHT. Emile sees his dream of paradise fading away (THIS NEARLY WAS MINE).     With nothing to lose, both Cable and Emile are feeling the recklessness     of lost love, and with that recklessness comes the willingness to take     greater risks. They embark


Which was the last club to lose in consecutive FA Cup Finals doing so in 1998 and 1999?

FA Cup: Clubs with most appearances in finals FA Cup: Clubs with most appearances in finals deevyamulani Pin it Share First held in 1871, the FA Cup is the oldest formally organised and recognised football competition in the world. It is also the premier knockout club competition in English football. The FA Cup is notorious for its upsets and gives the chance to clubs from lower leagues to compete for major honours with the big guns of English football. In the past 10 years, clubs like Cardiff City, Everton, Stoke, Portsmouth, Wigan, Hull and Aston Villa have rubbed shoudlers with the ‘big dogs’ in the finals. Each of these clubs have so far had a tryst with relegation apart from Everton and Stoke. The finals of the FA Cup, held each year at Wembley marks the end of the domestic football season. Winning the FA Cup is a prestigious moment in a clubs history and most clubs, inspite of the riches of the League competitions still treat it like a once in lifetime chance to be at the top of English football. The importance of the FA Cup has increased now that the winner of the cup also gives a chance to play in the Europa League, UEFA’s second-tier European competition. We list the clubs to have appeared in the most cup finals, giving them a chance at glory. #5 Manchester City and West Bromwich Albion (10) More Manchester City and West Bromwich Albion have competed in 10 FA Cup finals each with both clubs winning the FA Cup twice each as well. Almost fifty years have passed since West Brom last played in a cup final while it’s been 81 years since the Baggies last won the trophy. Manchester City first appeared in the final in 1904 and have reached the finals intermittently till 1981. After the 1981 finals, City did not appear in the finals till 2011 which they went on to win. They have enjoyed success in the FA Cup since the influx of money made from the East, making them a powerful club in the domestic football scenario. City last reached the final in 2013 under Roberto Mancini which they lost to Roberto Martinez’s Wigan Athletic. #4 Chelsea and Aston Villa (11) Chelsea and Aston Villa are clubs who have been through bad seasons in the Premier League but have had contrasting fortunes in the FA Cup. Chelsea and Villa have both won seven of the eleven finals they have appeared in. While Aston Villa were the latest of the pair to have appeared in a final, it’s been nearly 60 years since they last won it. They lost out to Arsenal in 2015’s FA Cup final and have not lifted it since 1957. Read More Chelsea on the other hand, have recently found a relatively higher success rate in the FA Cup, winning all four of the finals they have appeared in the last ten years. The Blues won their first FA Cup in 1970 and last won it against Liverpool in 2012. #3 Everton and Newcastle (13) Everton and Newcastle hold the record for the third most appearances in the FA Cup finals each appearing 13 times. The Magpies have been a tad bit more successful than Everton in England’s premier knockout competition winning it six times to Everton’s five. Newcastle, appeared in two consecutive finals in 1998 and 1999 during their late 1990’s glory days only to lose it to Arsenal and Manchester United respectively. The toon have not made the finals since. Everton last made the FA Cup finals in 2009 under Scottish manager David Moyes who later went on to become Sir Alex Fergusson’s ill-fated successor at Manchester United. The Toffees went on to lose the finals 2-1 to Carlo Ancelloti’s Chelsea. #2 Liverpool (14) The fallen giants of English football, Liverpool have a glittering history in the FA Cup as well,  Liverpool won their first FA Cup back in 1965, 40 years after appearing in their first cup final way back in 1914. The Reds won the FA Cup as a part of their Cup treble in the 2000-2001 season, defeating Arsenal in the process. Liverpool won their last FA Cup in 2006 when they beat West Ham on penalties after being tied on 3 goals each at the end of regulation time. Liverpool made their last appearance in the finals in 2012 against Chelsea under the managem


Eleanor of Castile was the mother of which English monarch?

Eleanor of Castile and León, Queen consort of England (1240 - 1290) - Genealogy Eleanor of Castile and León, Queen consort of England Spanish: Leonor de Castilla y León, reina consorte de Inglaterra Also Known As: "The Hardy", "The Faithful", "Eleanor of Castile & Leon", "Leonor", "Alienor", "Alianor", "Eleanor of Castile", "Countess of Ponthieu", "Eleanore of Castile", "Leonor (Spanish)", "Alienor (English)", "Eleanor Of Castile", "Leonor (Her Castilian name) / Alienor / Alianor (in En..." Birthdate: Burgos, España, Castille y Leon, España Death: Westminster, Middlesex, England Immediate Family: Queen Consort of England, Queen of England, Queen Managed by: Added 2016-05-27 19:33:33 -0700 by Private User Collection: Oct 1 1240 - Burgos, Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain Death: Nov 28 1290 - Herdeby, Lincolnshire, England Parents: Ferdinand Iii King Of Castile, Joanna King Of Castile Husband: Edward I Longshanks Of England Plantagenet Children: Added 2016-02-05 19:00:35 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: 1240 - Burgos, Castille and Leon, Spain Death: Nov 29 1290 - Herdeby, Lincolnshire, England Parents: Fernando Iii 'el Santo' De Castilla Y León, Jeanne De Castilla Y León, reine consort de Castille (born De Dammartin) Husband: Added 2015-11-24 11:14:38 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: Between Oct 8 1241 and Nov 7 1241 - Castille, Spain Death: Nov 29 1290 - The Fever on trip to meet Edward in Scotland Parents: Ferdinand Iii Castile, Jeanne Castile (born Dedammartin) Husband: Edward I Longshanks Plantagenet Children: Joan Of Acre De Clare (born Plantagenet), Elizabeth De Bohun, of Rhuddlan (born Plantagenet), Edward Ii Of Caernavon Plantagenet Added 2015-11-24 11:43:48 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: 1245 - Burgos, España, Castille y Leon, España Death: Nov 29 1290 - Harby, Nottinghamshire Father: And Leon 1230-1252 Ferdinand Iii, King Of Castile 1217-1252 Husband: King Of England 1272-1307 Edward I Daughter: Added 2015-11-24 11:44:15 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: Edward I, King Of England Son: Added 2015-11-24 11:45:04 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: Added 2015-11-24 11:43:18 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: King Edward 1 Of England. 24gf 25gen Daughter: Added 2015-11-24 11:43:19 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: Added 2015-11-24 11:42:26 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: Ferdinand Iii King Of Castile, Joanna King Of Castile Husband: Edward I (Longshanks) King Of England Children: Added 2015-11-24 11:42:26 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: Added 2015-11-24 11:43:15 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: King Edward I Of England Son: Added 2015-11-24 11:18:26 -0800 by Roger Alan Plagge Collection: Edward I Longshanks King Of England Daughter: About Eleanor of Castile, Queen consort of England Links: https://www.geni.com/documents/view?doc_id=6000000045757978854& Eleanor of Castile (1241 – 28 November 1290) was the first queen consort of Edward I of England. She was also Countess of Ponthieu in her own right from 1279 until her death in 1290, succeeding her mother and ruling together with her husband. Eleanor was born in Castile, now Spain, daughter of Ferdinand III of Castile and Joan, Countess of Ponthieu. Her Castilian name, Leonor, became Alienor or Alianor in England, and Eleanor in modern English. She was named after her great-grandmother, Eleanor of England. Eleanor was the second of five children born to Ferdinand and Joan. Her elder brother Ferdinand was born in 1239/40, her younger brother Louis in 1242/43; two sons born after Louis died young. For the ceremonies in 1291 marking the first anniversary of Eleanor's death, 49 candlebearers were paid to walk in the public procession to commemorate each year of her life. This would date her birth to the year 1241. Since her parents were apart from each other for 13 months while King Ferdinand conducted a military campaign in Andalusia from which he returned to the north of Spain only in February 1241, Eleanor was probably born toward the end of that year. Both the court of her father and her half-brother Alfonso X of Ca


Which African county has its capital in Lusaka?

Lusaka - Zambia's Capital Lusaka Lusaka – Capital of Zambia L usaka has become something of a boom town of late. New buildings are going up everywhere and many chain stores and shopping malls are springing up all over the sprawling suburbs. The road development isn’t quite keeping up so peak hour traffic is finally becoming like other cities, but it has an optimistic air of a town on the rise. For many, this is the perfect example of what economic liberalisation has done for the country. And viewed from the villages, Lusaka is the glittering capital which still persuades rural Zambians to migrate to the city in search of jobs and dreams. Well over 60% of its 2 million inhabitants are unemployed, but there are surprisingly few beggars. Although petty theft occurs, most people try to make an honest living selling their wares or services, always with a friendly smile. The markets are a hive of activity as the thousands of stalls are set up, upgraded and cleared away every day. A myriad of motor spares dealers, restaurants, hairdressers, fishmongers, fruitsellers and rows and rows of “salaula” – stalls of discarded clothing from the West sold to Africa by the bale. The capital covers an area of over 70km2 and is one of the fastest-growing cities in central Africa. It’s population almost trebled in the immediate post-independence era and continues to grow daily. There has been no influx control and the city is bursting at the seams. Grossly inadequate municipal facilities are hard-pressed to cope with the ever-increasing demand. It is a sprawling, metropolis with many multi-storey buildings, high-walled suburbs and busy shanty towns. Development has brought together people of many nationalities, making it a bustling centre for economic, political and cultural activities. The city lies at the junction of the main highways to the north, east, south and west, and  at an altitude of 1300 metres above sea level. There are air links to most of the major tourist destinations in Zambia from Lusaka International Airport . For maps of the city, try the Zambian National Tourist Board, the craft shop at the Pamodzi Hotel or the Map Centre, Mulungushi House, opposite the US embassy. There is a local magazine called the Lusaka Lowdown which is a mine of information on what’s happening in town and full of useful adverts for local services and products. Famous faces from Lusaka include the eminent Dambisa Moyo, who is an international economist and the author of the New York Times Bestsellers Dead Aid: Why Aid is Not Working and How there is a Better Way for Africa, and How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly and the Stark Choices Ahead.” Getting around There are no scheduled bus services – the blue taxis range from 12 seater minibuses, to dilapidated cars, to good dial-up cabs, to chauffeur-driven vehicles for hire. Restaurants and Nightlife There are upmarket clubs and restaurants in the suburbs but many roadside shebeens offer a closer experience of how Zambians “get in the groove” and dance the night away to the sounds of rhumba, kwela, hip hob, or R&B There are many good  restaurants in Lusaka including coffee shops, take aways, night clubs, pubs as well as their phone numbers. More Information -When to visit The most appealing factor to many who have made Lusaka their home is the superb climate - warm sunny summers, interspersed with cooling thunderstorms and mild winters with loads of sunshine.It can get very hot between October and March if there’s no rain. The average rainfall, between November and April, is about 950mm. Summer temperatures range from 20 degrees to 32 degrees C. Winter temperatures from 10 degrees to about 26 degrees. Humidity is usually below 40%. -Getting there Lusaka is close to the centre of Zambia between the eastern and western bulges. All major routes to the east, west, north and south flow through the city.   The Great North Road comes down from Tanzania via Kapiri Mposhi, and is about 1100km from the Tanzanian border.


Which club has been FA Cup finalists 4 times but never won the trophy?

FA Cup by numbers - Telegraph FA Cup by numbers By Christopher Lyles 12:01AM GMT 05 Jan 2008 0 The official attendance for two third-round replays that were played behind closed doors. The first was between Norwich City and Bradford City at Lincoln City's Sincil Bank ground in March 1915. Supporters were banned so as not to disrupt production at a nearby armaments factory. The second was between Leicester City and non-League Burton Albion at Coventry City's Highfield Road in 1985 when fans were banned because a missile had been thrown at the Burton goalkeeper in the first game. Football fans' forum 1 The number of clubs who have won the FA Cup at Wembley in the current millennium. Chelsea have done so twice, beating Aston Villa in 2000 and Manchester United last year. 1 Occasion that the FA Cup has been won by a non-League club, in 1901 when Southern League Tottenham Hotspur beat First Division Sheffield United in a replay at Bolton. 1 The number of non-English clubs who have won the FA Cup. Cardiff City became the first and only club to do so when they beat Arsenal 1-0 at Wembley in 1927. 1 Scottish club who have played in an FA Cup final. Queen's Park were runners-up in 1884 and 1885. 2 Clubs who have won the FA Cup in three successive years. Wanderers did so in 1876, 1877 and 1878 before Blackburn Rovers repeated the feat in 1884, 1885 and 1886. 3 Successive years (between 1956 and 1958) in which Leeds United were drawn at home to Cardiff City in the third round. Cardiff won all three matches 2-1. 3 Weeks between Wanderers winning the first FA Cup final in 1872 and being presented with the trophy at their annual dinner. 4 Times in seven seasons (including the current one) that Aston Villa and Manchester United have been drawn together in the third round. 4 FA Cup finals that have finished goalless. The last final without a goal was the 2005 contest between Arsenal and Manchester United, which Arsenal won 5-4 on penalties. The three previous goalless draws were in 1886, 1911 and 1912. 4 Players who have represented three different clubs in an FA Cup final. They are Harold Halse (Manchester United, Aston Villa and Chelsea), Ernie Taylor (Newcastle United, Blackpool and Manchester United), John Barnes (Watford, Liverpool and Newcastle United) and Dennis Wise (Wimbledon, Chelsea and Millwall). 5 FA Cup final winning teams that have been managed by Sir Alex Ferguson, more than any other manager. 5 Occasions that Tottenham Hotspur have won the FA Cup when the year has ended in a "1". Spurs lifted the trophy in 1901, 1921, 1961, 1981 and 1991 (with their three other winning finals coming in 1962, 1967 and 1982). 5 FA Cup final goals scored by Ian Rush, more than any other player. 6 Games that it took for Alvechurch to beat Oxford City in the fourth qualifying round in 1971, the scores being 2-2, 1-1, 1-1, 0-0, 0-0 and (finally) 1-0. The FA Cup's longest ever tie lasted for an aggregate of 11 hours. 6 The number worn by Manchester United's Kevin Moran when he became the first player to be sent off in a Cup final, against Everton in 1985. 7 Years that Portsmouth were the FA Cup holders between 1939 and 1946, because of the Second World War. 8 Times that the FA Cup has been won by a club playing outside the top flight of English football. The last time was in 1980 when West Ham United beat Arsenal thanks to Trevor Brooking's rare headed goal. 9 Finals in which the Hon Arthur Kinnaird, who would later become president of the FA, played, a feat that remains unsurpassed. Kinnaird won three times with Wanderers, scoring in the 1873 and 1878 finals, and twice with Old Etonians. 9 Goals that Ted MacDougall scored when Bournemouth beat Margate 11-0 in a first-round match in 1971. MacDougall's feat is still an individual goalscoring record for the competition proper. 10 Times that the FA Cup has been successfully defended - three times each by Wanderers and Blackburn Rovers, twice by Tottenham Hotspur and once each by Newcastle United and Arsenal. 11 Times that Manchester United have won the FA Cup, more than any other club. United hav


Curly McLain is a character in which Rodgers and Hammerstein musical?

Curly McLain (Character) Curly McLain (Character) from Oklahoma! (1999) (TV) The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. Overview ... aka "Great Performances: Hey, Mr. Producer! The Musical World of Cameron Mackintosh" - USA (series title) ... aka "Hey, Mr. Producer!" - USA (short title) Quotes: From Oklahoma! (1999) (TV) Curly : Hey, that's a good lookin' rope you got there. You know Will Parker? Yeah, well he can sure spin a rope! That's a strong hook you got there, Judd. You could hang yourself on that. Jud Fry : I could what? Curly : Uh... hang yourself. It'd be as easy as falling of a log. In fact, you could stand on a log, or a chair if you'd rather. Right about here, see? Just put this here 'round your neck, tie that good up there first, of course, and all you'd have to do would be to fall off the log, or the chair, whichever you'd rather fall off of, and in five minutes or less with good luck you'd be... you'd be dead as a doornail. [...]


Which record by Connie Francis kept Cliff Richard from the No.1 spot with his first hit 'Move It' in 1958?

Cliff Richard & The Shadows belong in the Rock Hall of Fame Pin It In Britain, it started with Cliff Richard & the Shadows (No. 31 in a continuing series on artists who should be in the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, but are not) By Phill Marder John Lennon once said, “Before Elvis, there was nothing.” He also said, “before Cliff & the Shadows, there had been nothing worth listening to in British music.” Which brings us to this week’s subject…Cliff Richard & the Shadows. If the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame truly was representative of Rock & Roll worldwide, Cliff Richard would have been inducted 20 years ago. And the Shadows probably should have gone in with him. For while Richard hasn’t had tremendous impact in the United States, what he has accomplished in Great Britain is truly mind-boggling. Born Harry Webb, he changed his name to pure Rock & Roll, Cliff standing for Rock and Richard for his idol, the Little one. He soon became known as “the British Elvis” and the Shadows, as great as they were/are led by guitar hero Hank Marvin, had to cope with comparisons to the incomparable U.S. Ventures. But, while most artists would have been crushed by hype of that magnitude, Richard and the Shadows not only survived it, they lived up to it. Richard’s debut single “Move It,” often referred to as Britain’s first great rock & roll recording, reached No. 2 on the U.K. charts in 1958, kept from the top spot by “Stupid Cupid” by Connie Francis. From that to his album “Bold As Brass,” which climbed to No. 4 on the Brit charts last year, Richard has dominated the British music scene for 53 years, establishing standards that probably never will be equaled. Since we already had the real Elvis, Richard’s billing probably hurt him in the States. But his talent got him through the bombast, and he did notch a fair amount of hits in the colonies. Five albums charted between 1965 and 1981 and 19 singles scored, beginning with 1959’s “Living Doll,” which climbed to No. 30. Success in the States was sporadic, however. In 1976, he appeared poised for a breakthrough when “Devil Woman” reached No. 6. But follow-ups didn’t fare as well. In 1979, his album “Rock ‘n’ Roll Juvenile” started his most successful run in the U.S., yielding the No. 7 single “We Don’t Talk Anymore,” and the No. 34 “Carrie,” with the follow-up LP “I’m No Hero” giving us the No. 10 single “Dreaming” and the No. 17 “A Little In Love.” In the midst of that success, he teamed with Olivia Newton-John on the No. 20 “Suddenly” from the film “Xanadu.” When “We Don’t Talk Anymore” clicked, Richard became the first artist to reach the U.S. Hot 100’s Top 40 in each of Rock’s first four decades. Richard is the only singer to have scored a number one single in the U.K. in five consecutive decades: the 1950s through to the 1990s. If “The Millennium Prayer,” a charity single his own label refused to release, had just held off a couple months, Richard would have made it six consecutive decades. It reached No. 1 in November 1999 in spite of little radio support. Now let’s look at just some of his other U.K. achievements (most statistics compliments of the outstanding everyhit.com website): – He ranks third in No. 1 singles with 14 behind Elvis (21) and The Beatles (17). – The longest span of No. 1 singles (47½ years) also goes to Elvis, with Richard second with 40 1/3 years. – Only eight acts have sold more than 10 million singles in the UK. Richard tops the list, beating Elvis, The Beatles, The Stones, Michael Jackson etc. – Richard has, by far, the most Top 40 hits in the UK with a staggering 124. And that doesn’t even include re-entries. The Shadows, with and without Richard, top the group list with 56. – Elvis leads the British list with 76 Top 10 hits, Richard is second with 67, but Richard leads all male vocalist with the most consecutive Top 10 British hits – 23. – “Gee Whiz It’s You” by Cliff & the Shadows reached No. 4 on the British charts in 1961 as an import only. It was released as a single outside the UK. – The group with the most top 10 albums is The Shadows with 28, 17 featuring Richa


Which element has the chemical symbol Hg?

Chemical Elements.com - Mercury (Hg) Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Mercury. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/hg.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license  agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.


What is the literal meaning of the Latin phrase bona fide?

How to Translate the Latin Legal Phrases Arguendo and Bona Fide into English Translating Arguendo and Bona Fide from Latin to English written by: John Garger            • edited by: Wendy Finn            • updated: 1/5/2012 Some Latin phrases lose their literal meaning over centuries of use, while some do not. Arguendo and Bona Fide give an example of each. slide 1 of 4 Lawyers and the court system often use Latin phrase to describe circumstances, conditions, or situations pertinent to proceedings. By using universal Latin phrases it is less likely that these circumstances will be misunderstood. Throughout the Medieval and Renaissance periods , Latin was the language of science, theology, and diplomacy. Naturally, as modern law developed during these periods, Latin had an important impact on the legal system still felt by modern practitioners. As the mother of the Romance languages, Latin bears little resemblance to English’s Germanic roots. Structure, grammar, and lexicon all differ greatly between these two languages, making Latin a difficult language to learn for native English speakers. Translating Latin phrases is a good exercise in learning Latin grammar as well as exploring the possible meanings of these phrases given only one or a few words per phrase. Arguendo and Bona Fide are two Latin phrases often used in law; their meanings describe two specific situations. slide 2 of 4 Arguendo The word arguendo is commonly translated to mean “for the sake of argument" or “ for argument’s sake." It is used in legal and academic settings to indicate when the speaker is about to make a point and is asking the listener to take an assumption for granted. For example, were a speaker to say: “Arguendo, let’s say that Michael did indeed enter the dry cleaning store on the day in question. Does this make him guilty of robbery?" The speaker in this case is asking the listener to entertain an unsubstantiated statement or assumption. Notice that the speaker’s question is dependent on the previous arguendo statement. As with many Latin phrases used in English, the literal translation of arguendo has been lost in favor of a more convenient metaphoric meaning. The modern translation “for the sake of argument" is not technically correct. The word arguendo is derived from the Latin word arguo (aguere, argui, argutum), a second conjugation verb meaning “to make clear," “to declare," or “to prove." The –nd– portion of the word gives away that the verb is in its verbal noun or gerund form . Recall that English verbs can be turned into gerunds by adding –ing to the verb’s stem. For example: like (verb), liking (gerund) walk (verb), walking (gerund) Putting a verb in its gerund form essentially turns a verb into a noun which may then, for example, function as the subject of a sentence. Given the –o ending, arguendo may be either dative or ablative . In this particular case, the word is in the ablative and is a good example of the ablative of manner. This ablative construction is used to indicate in what manner something is done. Coupled with its gerund form, arguendo may be appropriately translated as “by arguing." Were we interested in a literal translation into Latin for the phrase “for the purpose of argument," an appropriate translation would be “gratia argumenti" which is not unlike ars gratia artis, “art for the purpose [sake] of art." slide 3 of 4 Bona Fide Bona fide is a Latin phrase found in everyday language. One may say, “that is a bona fide offer" to indicate that the offer is genuine. However, English speakers pronounce this phrase using English conventions, i.e. changing of the –i– from short to long by the addition of a silent –e in fide. In conventional Classical Latin pronunciation, Bona Fide should be pronounced as “bone-uh fee-day." This phrase means the same in everyday language as it does in the legal profession. It is used to indicate something that is genuine, the real deal, or something for which nothing is at fault. However, the legal profession prefers the translation “in good faith" and is often


Who founded the 'Ballet Russes' in 1909?

History of Ballets Russes - Russian Ballet History Russian Ballet History The Collection's Beginings The History of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes 1909-1929 The Ballets Russes was a ballet company established in 1909 by the Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev. Diaghilev had already enjoyed success in Paris in 1908, when he presented a season of Russian art, music, and opera. He was invited back the following year to give a programme of Russian opera and ballet.  The company was initially in resident at the Théâtre Mogador and Théâtre du Châtelet , in Paris years later moving to Monte Carlo.  The company returned in 1910; in 1911 it was presented under Diaghilev's Ballets Russes and made its debut in London.  Its' original members were from the Tsar's Imperial Ballet of St. Petersburg, Russia where all its dancers were associated and trained. The company consisted of 13 members, all attaining a very high standard of dance.  The company featured and premiered now-famous works by the great choreographers Marius Petipa , Michel Fokine, Bronislava Nijinska , Leonide Massine , Vaslav Nijinsky , and a young George Balanchine at the start of his career.  It created a sensation in Western Europe because of the great vitality of Russian ballet compared to French dance.  Diaghilev's Ballets Russes became one of the most influential ballet companies of the 20th century, in part because of its ground-breaking artistic collaboration among contemporary choreographers , composers , artists , and dancers. Its works were part of the avant-garde culture in Paris and France.  In 1914, Leonide Massine joined Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. April 16th was the premiere of the one-act ballet, Papillons   choreographed by Fokine.  It was also the premiere of another of Fokine’s one-act ballet, La Légende de Joseph .  Only a month later, May 24th was Fokine’s opera premiere Le Coq d'Or .  A few days later, on May 26, it was the premiere performance of Le Rossignol (The Nightingale) choreographed by Boris Romanov.  Finishing off the summer season in June, Fokine premiered his newest choreographed piece, Midas. Video of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes   Diaghilev's Ballets Russes Comes To America -             Fall of 1916-1917     Diaghilev's Ballets Russes came to American in 1916.  That was the only tour that Diaghilev's Ballets Russes ever danced as a company in the United States.  Their first performance was in New York.  They opened on January 17, 1916 with The Firebird , La Princesse Enchantée , Le Soleil de Nuit and Schéhérezade . The American public, except those who travelled abroad, had never seen Russian ballet before. After that performance they toured  sixteen towns, dancing in a different place each evening.  The tour wound up back in New York on April 3, 1916, at the  Metropolitan Opera House.   Nijinsky didn't join the tour until the second half, Leonide Massine had been dancing his roles.  When Nijinsky turned up he was in bad spirits and out of practice. Trying to book the rest of the year, Diaghilev approached promoter Otto Kahn about another USA tour later in the year,  Kahn stipulated that Nijinsky  had to be included in the company. So Diaghilev had to agree to hand over the business end of the company to Kahn, while he and Grigoriev retired for the remainder of the year.  But on April 29, 1916, just before the end of the season, Diaghilev received an invitation for the company to perform in Spain’s request. This opportunity filled the summer season for Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes . On May 6th, they set sail back to Europe on the Dante Alighieri ship, loaded with a cargo of ammunition, horses and the Diaghilev Ballets Russes dancers  .  World War I was in full swing and, the main threat to their welfare while sailing home was from German submarines lurking off the Spanish coast. Their first performance in Madrid was on May 26, 1916 at the command of King Alfonso. Lydia Lopokova enchanted everyone in Le Carnaval and Les Sylphides and Leonide Massine's Soleil de Nuit was well received. The King attended every remaining performance of the succ


What is the literal meaning of the Latin phrase in vino veritas?

In vino veritas ***   Origin of the Latin phrase "In vino veritas" The famous Latin phrase "In vino veritas" was first coined by Pliny the Elder, a Roman author and philosopher, in his work entitled the Naturalis Historia. This Latin phrase is often continued as, "In vino veritas, in aqua sanitas" meaning "In wine there is truth, in water there is health." In ancient times different people had different views about drinking alcohol. Germanic tribes always drank wine during council meetings, as they believed nobody could lie effectively when they were drunk. Other cultures ensured that any decisions made when drunk should be reconsidered when sober. In ancient Greece it was ï¿½considered barbarous to drink wine that was not diluted with water.ï¿½ Excessive drinking of wine became such a problem in Rome that Emperor Domitius Ulpinus believed that wine would destroy the Roman empire and ordered half the vineyards in the empire to be destroyed.   In vino veritas The Latin language spread throughout the western world and was taught in schools and spoken by the greatest scholars. The English composer and teacher Benjamin Cooke wrote a ditty about 'In vino veritas' in the 1770's: "Round with the glass, boys, as fast as you can Since he who don't drink cannot be a true man. For if truth is in wine, then 'tis all but a whim To think a man's true when the wine's not in him. Drink, drink, then, and hold it a maxim divine That there's virtue in truth And there's truth in good wine!"


Which record by Bobby Darin kept Marty Wilde from the No. 1 spot in 1959 with 'A Teenager In Love'?

UKMIX - Articles - Chart Of All Time - 1959 Home >> Articles >> Chart Of All Time by Matthew Dixon On into 1959 we go - and there were still three more weeks of Conway Twitty topping the chart   to sit through. The classic "Tea For Two Cha-Cha"'s 1950s remake made its highest chart position   through this time, Jane Morgan topped the chart for a week - but the first really big new hit   was the new Elvis hit, "I Got Stung", kicking off yet another big year for him. We have to   thank him for keeping an act called the Teddy Bears off the top of the chart, however he also   kept another more famous song off the top of the chart. 1957 saw the debut of Shirley Bassey - but she was relatively quiet after her first hit,   until "Kiss Me, Honey Honey, Kiss Me" came out - the classic film theme tune. Elvis managed   to keep it off the top of the chart, but Shirley's next hit "As I Love You" that knocked   Elvis off the top, and managed to be one of the biggest charting hits of the year. "Smoke   Gets In Your Eyes" by the Platters is another classic song but it only managed one week   at the top of the chart, to be quickly usurped by the best charting hit of the year, by   the best charting artist of the year - Russ Conway. The piano player was massive in 1959, charted every year from 1957-62 but is largely forgotten   about nowadays. This track, the first of his No. 1s, "Side Saddle" managed four weeks at the   top of the chart. Then Buddy Holly had three weeks with "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" and then   one of Elvis's biggest hits "(Now And Then There's) A Fool Such As I" had a further seven   weeks at the top. Ricky Nelson's "It's Late" and Chris Barber's Jazz Band's "Petite Fleur"   were amongst the tracks that were kept off the top of the chart during this period - although   both were massive charters. In fact, by the time that "A Fool Such As I" had left the top of   the chart, the next Russ Conway chart topper, "Roulette" had come to replace it for a couple   of weeks, meaning that these three men held the top of the chart for 14 weeks! Anthony Newley's "I've Waited So Long" came, stayed around for ages, peaked at No. 3 and then   left, Marty Wilde had two massive hits with a total of 35 weeks on the chart between them.   Bobby Darin got his first chart topper with "Dream Lover" which itself stayed on the top of   the chart for four weeks, only to be usurped by one of the most famous hits of the decade. Cliff Richard's last No.  was in 1999, but you have to go back over 40 years from   "The Millennium Prayer" to find his first No.&nbsp1; single, the classic "Living Doll". He had   a massive year, with that being one of eight hits to chart in the year, but he still didn't   really have a continuous run of consistent charting hits - with the previous hit only making   No. 21 and the follow-up only making No. 16. He held the top spot amidst competition   from Lonnie Donegan and Paul Anka's biggest hits of the year, "Battle Of New Orleans" and   "Lonely Boy" respectively, together with the Connie Francis classic "Lipstick On Your Collar",   and "I Know" by Perry Como which managed 16 weeks on the chart, without ever getting higher   than No. 13. It was left to Craig Douglas to knock Cliff off the top spot for the first time with his hit   "Only Sixteen". After a one-week wonder from Jerry Keller, the stage was set for two weeks at   the top for the best known version of another of the 1950s' greatest hits - Bobby Darin's   version of "Mack The Knife". It only had two weeks at the top of the chart, because Cliff   Richard was back with "Travellin' Light" and yet another five weeks at the top of the chart. Johnny and the Hurricanes never quite topped the chart with "Red River Rock" but Cliff couldn't   hold on in the top 2 for the end of the year, however, as December held the massive battle.   It was between the not-to-be-confused "What Do You Want" by Adam Faith and "What Do You Want   To Make Those Eyes At Me For"


The film Schindler's List was based on whose Booker Prize winning novel of 1982?

Thomas Keneally (Author of Schindler's List) edit data Thomas Michael Keneally, AO (born 7 October 1935) is an Australian novelist, playwright and author of non-fiction. He is best known for writing Schindler's Ark, the Booker Prize-winning novel of 1982, which was inspired by the efforts of Poldek Pfefferberg, a Holocaust survivor. The book would later be adapted to Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List (1993), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Often published under the name Tom Keneally in Australia. Life and Career: Born in Sydney, Keneally was educated at St Patrick's College, Strathfield, where a writing prize was named after him. He entered St Patrick's Seminary, Manly to train as a Catholic priest but left before his ordination. He worked as a Sydney schoolteacher before his succe Thomas Michael Keneally, AO (born 7 October 1935) is an Australian novelist, playwright and author of non-fiction. He is best known for writing Schindler's Ark, the Booker Prize-winning novel of 1982, which was inspired by the efforts of Poldek Pfefferberg, a Holocaust survivor. The book would later be adapted to Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List (1993), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Often published under the name Tom Keneally in Australia. Life and Career: Born in Sydney, Keneally was educated at St Patrick's College, Strathfield, where a writing prize was named after him. He entered St Patrick's Seminary, Manly to train as a Catholic priest but left before his ordination. He worked as a Sydney schoolteacher before his success as a novelist, and he was a lecturer at the University of New England (1968–70). He has also written screenplays, memoirs and non-fiction books. Keneally was known as "Mick" until 1964 but began using the name Thomas when he started publishing, after advice from his publisher to use what was really his first name. He is most famous for his Schindler's Ark (1982) (later republished as Schindler's List), which won the Booker Prize and is the basis of the film Schindler's List (1993). Many of his novels are reworkings of historical material, although modern in their psychology and style. Keneally has also acted in a handful of films. He had a small role in The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (based on his novel) and played Father Marshall in the Fred Schepisi movie, The Devil's Playground (1976) (not to be confused with a similarly-titled documentary by Lucy Walker about the Amish rite of passage called rumspringa). In 1983, he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO). He is an Australian Living Treasure. He is a strong advocate of the Australian republic, meaning the severing of all ties with the British monarchy, and published a book on the subject in Our Republic (1993). Several of his Republican essays appear on the web site of the Australian Republican Movement. Keneally is a keen supporter of rugby league football, in particular the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles club of the NRL. He made an appearance in the rugby league drama film The Final Winter (2007). In March 2009, the Prime Minister of Australia, Kevin Rudd, gave an autographed copy of Keneally's Lincoln biography to President Barack Obama as a state gift. Most recently Thomas Keneally featured as a writer in the critically acclaimed Australian drama, Our Sunburnt Country. Thomas Keneally's nephew Ben is married to the former NSW Premier, Kristina Keneally. ...more


Which river flows through the city of Derby?

River Derwent in Derbyshire River Derwent in Derbyshire Derbyshire and Peak District Rivers River Derwent The River Derwent, some 50 odd miles in length, is the longest river in Derbyshire. Apart from it's short passage through the City of Derby it is a completely rural river, finally joining the River Trent just south of Derby. The Derwent's source is at Swain's Greave on Howden Moor on the flank of Bleaklow Hill. The river Derwent soon flows into the first of 3 large reservoirs , built in the early part of the 20th century to satisfy the growing demand for water from the expanding cities of Derby, Nottingham, Sheffield and Leicester. Howden was the first to be built ( 1901-12 ), Derwent followed ( 1902-16 ) and work then began on the largest, Ladybower, in 1935. It took 10 years to complete ladybower and the historic villages of Derwent and Ashopton were lost in the process. A whole village was created to house the men and their families who had built the early dams, which was colloquially known as 'Tin Town' because of it's corrugated roofs. It's official name was Birchinlee and it housed over 1000 inhabitants at one time. At Mythorn Bridge, the river Derwent is joined by the river Noe which rises on Mam Tor and flows through the Hope Valley. Flowing on between Win Hill and Lose Hill, the Derwent is soon augumented by waters from Crowden, Grinds Brooks and Jaggers Clough. The river flows on to Hathersage and then turns south again to flow in a wide valley flanked by gritstone edges through the villages of Grindleford, Froggatt and Calver before reaching Baslow . At Calver it flows beneath an 18th century bridge. Calver Mill was first built in 1785, utilizing the power of the Derwent, but destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1805 when it became a thriving cotton mill employing a large number of local people. It finished producing cotton in 1923 and has had a number of uses since then, including the role of Colditz Castle in the television series, Colditz. It has now been developed into modern flats. In Baslow at Bridge End, the river Derwent is spanned by a charming, 17th century, 3 arched bridge, beside which is a little stone shelter built for the toll collector. The river Derwent then flows through the grounds of Chatsworth Park , the home of the Duke of Devonshire, in a beautifully landscaped setting, to be joined by the River Wye at Rowsley , coming in from Bakewell . After passing beneath a 15th century bridge at Darley Dale which carries the road to Winster and then the 4 arched bridge at Matlock, the river carves its way through a ridge of limestone just south of Matlock in order to reach the lower ground to the South. This part of the valley is spectacular, steep-sided, winding and wooded, with high cliffs such as High Tor towering above.     Below Rowsley the river valley widens again and passes through the more industrialised area around Darley Dale, to reach Matlock. Here the character of the valley changes abruptly, for the river carves its way through a ridge of limestone in order to reach the lower ground to the South forming some spectacular scenery, the valley now being steep-sided, winding and wooded, with high cliffs such as High Tor towering 350ft above. The river is now flowing through an area known as the Derwent Valley Mills, a nominated World Heritage Site.Starting with Richard Arkwright's pioneering developments at Masson Mill and Cromford mills, expanding down the Derwent Valley by his friends and business partners; Jedediah Strutt at Belper and Milford and Thomas Evans at Darley Abbey . It continues on to Derby, passing Lombe's Silk Mill. Though largely destroyed by fire in 1910, one can still see the massive stone arches that formed the base of the original five-storey building. After passing under road and rail bridges in Derby the river meanders up towards the acetate factory at Spondon , then Borrowash , on it's way to a meeting with the Trent at Great Wilne. Part of the river section here is a considerable nature reserve which attracts a wide variety of wildlife.


What is the main alcoholic content of the cocktail Manhattan?

Manhattan Cocktail | Art of Drink 0 1.5k 0 The Manhattan is still widely regarded as one of the greatest cocktails ever created. Personally, a well made Manhattan is a cocktail I truly enjoy. It’s perfectly in balance, simple and as a guy I can drink this cocktail anywhere and not feel out of place. It’s also as strong as a properly made martini, but like the martini it started out differently. The martini is based on a cocktail called the Martinez , which for the sake of brevity, was 2 parts vermouth, 1 part gin, bitters and Maraschino. Notice it wasn’t all gin and a wisp of vermouth. The Manhattan started out the same way and that’s the cocktail I’ll be taking a look at. The history of the Manhattan has a fairly convincing story behind it, only because it is so often repeated. Basically the drink was made for Lady Randolph Churchill, Winston Churchhill’s mother at the Manhattan Club in the 1870’s and it was thoroughly enjoyed and became popular. The story has been picked apart and it seems it may not be true. The reality is that the Manhattan was probably one of the five borough cocktails (Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, Queen’s and the Staten Island cocktail) made to represent the parts of New York city. The recipe for the original Manhattan cocktail is fairly simple, but when you read the recipe from Jerry Thomas’ Bartenders Guide you’ll need to do a little thinking. Some of the measurements are a little dated, but with a little research you’ll find that a wine glass is 4oz* 2oz and a pony is 1oz. I could be wrong though.   In other classic cocktail books the recipe indicates either equal parts whisky and vermouth or two parts vermouth and one part whisky. For me I decided to try the 2:1 variation. The recipe also calls for Boker’s bitters which are long defunct. You can find recipes to make your own, or rumor has it the Bitter Truth is creating a version that is similar. The other rumor is the Unicum bitters are similar to Boker’s because Boker’s was a digestif bitter, meaning it was created to be served alone and not as an aromatic bitter. Basically it was sweetened. I decided to use Unicum bitters just to see what would happen. Classic Manhattan Cocktail 1 pony of rye whiskey. 1 wine-glass of vermouth. 3 dashes of Abbott’s bitters . 2 small lumps of ice. Manhattan Variation 1½ oz Sweet (Red) Vermouth ¾ oz Rye Whisky 6 Drops Unicum Bitters 1 tsp Maraschino Combine all ingredients with ice, stir and strain into a claret glass. Garnish with ¼ lemon. When I took my first sip I was surprised at how well the Unicum bitters and Luxardo Maraschino were plainly obvious. The bitterness and sweetness were very well balanced with the whisky playing a support role cutting back the sweetness. If you like sweet vermouth then you’ll probably like this classic Manhattan. It is smooth, with a very mild kick. If you are interested in trying classic cocktails, but find the high alcohol content intimidating, give this a try, it is a great cocktail to ease into the high octane world of classic libations. From this point you can appreciate the modern Manhattan. If I was behind the bar and someone asked for something different, this is what I’d offer them. It’s a great drink before a meal and would probably work just as well afterwards. It seems the barkeeps of the 1800’s had a really good grasp of what tasted good, unlike a lot of bartenders today who think that more alcohol equals better. * Thanks to Erik Ellestad for providing a reference to a quote from the all-knowing David Wondrich about the classic bar measures. Additional Reading


Which novel by Iris Murdoch won the 1978 Booker Prize?

1978 Booker Prize 1978 Booker Prize Winner: The Sea, The Sea by Iris Murdoch Shortlist The Sea, The Sea Iris Murdoch The illustration on the front cover is a detail from Kokusai's "The hollow of the deep-sea wave off Kanagawa", by courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum Dustjacket synopsis: "This is the story of an obsession. It also concerns the use and surrender of magical power. Charles Arrowby, a well-known theatre director, over sixty and a bachelor, has come to live in a lonely house beside the sea, 'to repent of a life of egoism.' He has given up the 'trickery' of the theatre, and longs for simplicity and innocence and solitude. Charles soons runs into difficulties. His house appears to be haunted. Something very odd emerges from the sea. Women, from whom he intended to escape, reappear. But his new r�gime changes suddenly and completely when he encounters an 'old flame' and discovers that an innocent first love is still the great love of his life. Driven by obsessive passion, Charles attempts to rescue his lady from her marriage. He confronts a dangerous husband, a whimsical son.  Charles's male helpers have also appeared on the scene, among them cousin James, soldier turned Buddhist, Charles's life-long rival for the world. Kidnapping and violent death play their part in the story, and so does the innocent and terrible sea. "Reflections upon love and hate and fear contribute to the intense atmosphere of this comic tragedy. The Sea, The Sea is a formidably exciting novel about violence and forgiveness." First Paragraph: The sea which lies before me as I write glows rather than sparkles in the bland May sunshine. With the tide turning, it leans quietly against the land, almost unflecked by ripples or by foam. Near to the horizon it is a luxurious purple, spotted with regular lines of emerald green. At the horizon it is indigo. Near to the shore, where my view is framed by rising heaps of humpy yellow rock, there is a band of lighter green, icy and pure, less radiant, opaque however, not transparent. We are in the north, and the bright sunshine cannot penetrate the sea.  Where the gentle water taps the rocks there is still a surface skin of colour. The cloudless sky is very pale at the indigo horizon which it lightly pencils in with silver. Its blue gains towards the zenith and vibrates there. But the sky looks cold, even the sun looks cold. I had written the above, destined to be the opening paragraph of my memoirs, when something happened which was so extraordinary and so horrible that I cannot bring myself to describe it even now after an interval of time and although a possible, though not totally reassuring, explanation has occurred to me. Perhaps I shall feel calmer and more clear-headed after yet another interval. From the Book Club Associates hardback edition, 1978. Jacket illustration by Quentin Blake Dustjacket synopsis: "When trout with almonds and Thunderball on the television seems a more enticing prospect than a romp with your bosomy ex-mistress from Baltimore, then something is seriously wrong - or so thinks Jake Richardson, an Oxford don nearing sixty with a lifetime's lechery behind him. "In pursuit of his lost libido, Jake heads for Harley Street and the consulting room of a miniature sex therapist from the Emerald Isle. Not one to disobey a doctor's order, he runs the full gamut of sex labs in Colliers Wood and trendy 'Workshops', where more than souls are bared. He decks himself with cunning gadgetry, dreams up a weekly fantasy ('Come dirty, Mr Richardson'), pets diligently with his overweight wife Brenda, and browses listlessly through porno magazines behind locked doors. Is sex, and the female one in particular, really worth it? As liberationists abuse him, a neurotic nymph pursues him, a campus hostess bores him into bed - and even his own wife starts actly oddly - Jake seriously begins to wonder. "Kingsley Amis at his spikiest and best takes a shrewd look at the crankier fringes of psychotherapy, at its hard-ware and jargon, its practitioners and victims a


Which river flows through the town of Shrewsbury?

River Severn | river, Wales and England, United Kingdom | Britannica.com river, Wales and England, United Kingdom Written By: Wales River Severn, Welsh Hafren, Britain’s longest river from source to tidal waters—about 180 miles (290 km) long, with the Severn estuary adding some 40 miles (64 km) to its total length. The Severn rises near the River Wye on the northeastern slopes of Plynlimon (Welsh: Pumlumon), Wales , and follows a semicircular course basically southward to the Bristol Channel and the Atlantic Ocean . It drains an area of 4,350 square miles (11,266 square km) with an average discharge at Bewdley of 2,170 cubic feet (61.5 cubic m) per second. River Severn at Shrewsbury, Shropshire, Eng. Chris Bayley The river’s course is at first southeasterly, descending from an elevation of 2,000 feet (600 m) at its source to 500 feet (150 m) at the Welsh town of Llanidloes. There it turns sharply northeastward, following the Vale of Powys past Newtown and Welshpool . At Llanymynech the River Vyrnwy joins the Severn: the tributary headwaters are dammed to form the reservoir of Lake Vyrnwy, supplying Liverpool with drinking water. The enlarged Severn turns eastward over a plain on which it loops around the old town of Shrewsbury . Originally the river continued eastward to join the River Dee (which originates in North Wales and drains northward to the Irish Sea), but its course was blocked by ice during the Pleistocene Epoch, and its waters escaped to the southeast at Ironbridge . This course was maintained after deglaciation. The swiftly flowing current through the gorge at Ironbridge was important to the early iron industry of Coalbrookdale. Continuing southward, the Severn receives the River Stour at Stourport and passes through Worcester , where the cathedral stands on a cliff rising from the river’s steep left bank. The River Teme enters from the west below Worcester and the Avon from the northeast at Tewkesbury , a yachting and motorboat centre. At Gloucester the Severn becomes tidal and meanders to the sea. Navigation is difficult on this section and is bypassed by a ship canal (opened 1827), which leaves the estuary at Sharpness. Other canals that join the river, linking it with the Midlands region of England and with the River Thames , are virtually disused. The town of Bridgnorth, with the River Severn in the foreground, Shropshire, Eng. Pam Brophy The cathedral at Worcester, Hereford and Worcester, on a ridge above the River Severn. G.F. Allen/Bruce Coleman Inc.