Hans Wilhelm Langsdorf was captain of which German Battleship in World War 2?

Ajit Vadakayil: THE NOBLE AND HONOURABLE CAPTAIN OF GRAF SPEE - CAPT AJIT VADAKAYIL Wednesday, November 23, 2011 THE NOBLE AND HONOURABLE CAPTAIN OF GRAF SPEE - CAPT AJIT VADAKAYIL Two decades ago, while driving out of Montevideo harbour I told my agent to stop his car at the Graf Spee gun turret mounted at the harbour.  I walked to it and touched it. The British Supercargo who was sitting with his wife, in the car asked me " Captain, why did you want to touch it" . Deep in thought I replied " You wont understand " This is a true story. It is about one of the most honourable men who graced planet earth--or will ever grace in future. He was the Captain of the German battleship Admiral Graf Spee during the second world war. His name was Captain Hans Wilhelm Langsdorff.  His personal integrity , courage and honour can never be matched. He wrote on the 19 December 1939:  "I can now only prove by my death that the fighting services of the Third Reich are ready to die for the honour of the flag. I alone bear the responsibility for scuttling the pocket-battleship Admiral Graf Spee. I am happy to pay with my life for any possible reflection on the honour of the flag. I shall face my fate with firm faith in the cause and the future of the nation and of my Fuehrer."   He then lay on Admiral Graf Spee's battle ensign and shot himself through the head. There was heavy propaganda by Rothschild controlled media , who had sunk to abysmal levels of inhumanity, that the British spat on this compassionate sailor Captain’s  dead body and that of the dead German sailors. Honour : by Ada Cambridge Me let the world disparage and despise -- As one unfettered with its gilded chains, As one untempted by its sordid gains, Its pleasant vice, its profitable lies; Let Justice, blind and halt and maimed, chastise The rebel spirit surging in my veins, Let the law deal me penalties and pains And make me hideous in my neighbours' eyes. But let me fall not in mine own esteem, By poor deceit or selfish greed debased. Let me be clean from secret stain and shame, Know myself true, though false as hell I seem -- Know myself worthy, howsoe'er disgraced -- Know myself right, though every tongue should blame. On 21 August 1939, Admiral Graf Spee left Wilhelmshaven port with orders to raid enemy commercial shipping in the South Atlantic following the outbreak of the Second World war on Sept 3rd 1939. Despite the outbreak of hostilities, the raider was not allowed to commence warfare against Allied shipping, but was rather ordered on September 5 to avoid all contact with other shipsr. So Langsdorff kept clear of shipping routes, crossing the equator on September 8 and taking up station in a seldom-frequented area of the South Atlantic. On September 11, Graf Spee's Arado seaplane, on a routine recognizance flight, spotted the British heavy cruiser HMS Cumberland on an intercept course with the German ships. The British lookouts did not spot the plane, which was able to alert Langsdorff to change course and avoid detection. Cumberland continued on her way from Freetown to Rio de Janeiro, none the wiser. Graf Spee remained in a holding pattern north of the River Platte - Cape of Good Hope shipping route, refueling twice from Altmark. On September 26, Langsdorff finally received new orders. Her was to commence hostilities immediately, but with several restrictions: he was to attack only British ships, and not French ships. Actions with enemy warships were to be avoided, so as to not risk his ship. Langsdorff  headed towards the coast of Brazil, to disrupt the flow of meat and grain to Britain along the shipping routes off Pernambuco.  75 miles northeast of the Brazilian port of Pernambuco, Graf Spee found her first victim just before noon on September 30. The captain of the 5050-ton freighter SS Clement spotted an approaching warship, and thought it was the British cruiser HMS Ajax.  But it was Graf Spee, who's Arado 196 seaplane was launched, and few machine gun bullets were sprayed at the bridge of the freighter. Clement's captain, F.C.P. Harris, was told to stop


In which daily newspaper does the political cartoon 'Nature Notes' appear?

AAEC - Today's Political Cartoons Today's Political Cartoons David G. Brown, Los Angeles Sentinel   Political Cartoon News AAEC News Blog Save the Date! The 2017 AAEC convention will be held Nov. 1-4 at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York (short trip to NYC).   read more Published: Mon,       Jan 16, 2017 06:25       AM  |  Author: AAEC AAEC joins Reporters Without Borders and cartoonist associations in tribute The Association of American Editorial Cartoonists join Reporters without Borders, Cartooning for Peace, Cartoonists Rights Network International, and Cartoon Movement in paying tribute to all press cartoonists and their freedom of expression rights on the second anniversary of the Charlie Hebdo massacre. The full statement: On the eve of the second anniversary of the Charlie Hebdo massacre, Reporters Without Borders (RSF), Cartooning for Peace and other cartoonist associations pay tribute to all press cartoonists who defend media freedom by means of their cartoons. How you wield a pencil can still lead to violent reprisals.Only too often, cartoonists pay a high...   read more Published: Sat,       Jan 7, 2017 08:42       AM  |  Author: AAEC AAEC co-sponsors NYC Roz Chast exhibit and events The Museum of the City of New York is currently hosting a cartoon exhibition: Roz Chast: Cartoon Memoirs, a retrospective of the celebrated *New Yorker* artist and cartoonist’s work since 1978. The Association of American Editorial Cartoonists is an official co-sponsor of the series of events below accompanying the exhibit (beginning next week, which features AAEC member Liza Donnelly). As a co-sponsor, our membership is offered a 25% off discount on tickets. Click for event information.   read more Published: Thu,       Jun 23, 2016 06:26       PM  |  Author: AAEC Locher Award winner announced! The Locher Award Committee is pleased to announce the winner of the 2016 Locher Award, Devon Manney. The runner-up is Vanessa Barajas. For more information and to see the winning cartoons, please visit Locheraward.org. We received a tremendous response to the award this year, and the Locher Award Committee would like to thank everyone who applied.   read more Published: Tue,       Jun 21, 2016 06:11       PM  |  Author: AAEC John Locher Award expanded to graphic journalists, web cartoonists The John Locher Award has a new website and an expanded criteria for eligibility that includes graphic journalists and web cartoonists. Application for the award is now free.  For full eligibility details, visit the new site. Entry deadline is April 15.   read more Published: Thu, Feb 18, 2016   |  Author: Alan Gardner Matt Bors’ The Nib lands at First Look Media A nice development for Matt Bors’ The Nib. First Look Media today announced that they have partnered with award winning cartoonist Matt Bors on his irreverent comics publication, The Nib. Formerly part of the online platform Medium, The Nib will re-launch this summer through First Look Media as an independent daily publication and online newsletter. […]   read more Published: Thu, Feb 11, 2016   |  Author: Alan Gardner Egyptian cartoonist arrested for running website without a license From the New York Times: An Egyptian cartoonist, whose work is occasionally critical of government figures, was arrested in the capital, Cairo, on Sunday and charged with running a webpage without a license, the country’s Interior Ministry said in a statement. The arrest of Islam Gaweesh appears to be part of an intensified clampdown on […]   read more Published: Mon, Feb 1, 2016   |  Author: Alan Gardner Peter Dunlap-Shohl publishes graphic novel about living with Parkinson”s disease Former Anchorage Daily News editorial cartoonist Peter Dunlap-Shohl has published a new graphic novel entitled “My Degeneration: A Journey Through Parkinson’s.” From the Anchorage Daily News: When Peter Dunlap-Shohl, the former editorial cartoonist for the Anchorage Daily News, received a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease at age 43, he saw his whole world collapsing. Thirteen


In the Bible, who was the third son of Noah along with Ham and Shem?

The Sons of Noah The Sons of Noah Shem, Ham & Japheth The three sons of Noah, according to the Bible, were to be responsible for the re-populating of the world after the flood. Though Noah had three sons, it would be Shem through whom the "promised seed of the woman" would be transmitted. Shem was to be the father of the Semitic line of descent, which included the Jews, as well as Syrians and Arameans, among others. Ancient Israel tradition has it that Noah, along with the sons of Noah and their families, settled on the lower slopes of the northern side of Mount Ararat. Noah lived for 350 years after the flood, dying as the 3rd oldest man in the Bible at 950 years. All of the sons of Noah had been born after Noah's 500th birthday, as the Bible makes mention of them being grown and married before his 600th birthday. The Adamic nature of longevity still remained with Noah, and, to a lesser degree, the sons of Noah. However, as time passed after the flood, lifespans were drastically and significantly reduced. Lifespans were not the only thing that had changed with this new world, as Noah would soon find out. THE SONS OF NOAH SETTLED THROUGHOUT THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST & INTO TURKEY & EVEN EUROPE. NOTICE HOW SHEM & HAM'S CLANS TEND TO DWELL AMONGST EACH OTHER, MORESO THAN JAPHETH & HIS DESCENDANTS. THEIR SETTLEMENT STRETCHES FROM THE NORTH OF TURKEY INTO SOUTHERN ARABIA AND AFRICA. THE SONS OF NOAH PAGE CONTENTS The Semitic Line Wine is mentioned for the first time in the Bible in Genesis 9:21. This incident becomes a defining moment in the lives of each of the sons of Noah. Noah is said to have planted a vineyard. The natural assumption is that Noah and his sons would still practice the same farming and food gathering methods as they had before the flood. The change in environment would have had a profound affect on the soil. The process of photosynthesis was brand new to this world. The change in how the soil was watered would have also had a profound effect on not only the soil, but also what was grown out of the soil. Regardless, Noah made some wine from his vineyard, got drunk, and then passed out naked on his bed. This event happened some time after the flood, exactly when is not said. This incident becomes fundamental in understanding the history of Ancient Israel, and the relationships between the sons of Noah and their descendants. As Noah lay asleep naked in his bed, passed out from drinking too much wine, Ham "saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without". Ham did more than just see his father. The word "saw", when used in this context, indicates "gazed at". Ham gazed at his father, with apparent satisfaction at his fathers brief and rare moral slip. Why Ham reacted as he did is not explicitly stated in scripture. From the use of the word "saw", and the context of the passage, many biblical scholars interpret Ham's actions as expressing a long-hidden and built up resentment of his father's righteousness and authority. Whatever the reason or cause, apparently Ham reacted inappropriately, and went back to share in the laugh with the other two sons of Noah. This behavior would force Noah to issue the curse of Canaan to Ham's descendants. A distinct difference is seen in the reaction of the sons of Noah. Whereas Ham snickers and revels in Noah's mishap, Shem and Japheth immediately go to their fathers house, enter his room backwards, so as not to see their father in his shame, and cover his naked body. A division is seen here within the sons of Noah that will become extremely important. Study Resource Author Steve McLachlan combines biblical intrigue with fiction to examine the longevity of Old Testament figures, and how that must have affected their daily decisions. McLachlan presents a biblically accurate portrait of a mysterious and fascinating time! Your satisfaction is our number one concern. Israel-a-history-of.com wishes to provide you with further resources that may interest you. Click on the Contact Us tab on the left to give us your feedback on the products


Which Blue Peter presenter was a Chief Scout?

BBC NEWS | UK | Scouts honour for Blue Peter man Scouts honour for Blue Peter man The ex-Blue Peter presenter was declared a "cool" Chief Scout TV action man and former Blue Peter presenter Peter Duncan has become the leader of the UK's 500,000 scouts. Peter Duncan, 50, also known from his 1980s Duncan Dares TV show and round-the-world adventures, will hold the Chief Scout post for five years. He follows eight others who have held the position since Baden-Powell became the first in 1921. The ex-wolf cub said the post gave him "the chance to contribute to the development of tomorrow's adults". "Scouting is alive and well in 21st century Britain", he added. 'Action man' "I can think of no better organisation to provide a creative and challenging framework for the positive development of young men and women." The Chief Scout has traditionally come from a military or civil service background as well as having experience as a scout or scout leader. Scout Association spokesman Chris Foster said Mr Duncan was "breaking the mould". We want to prove that the scouts are a trendy, modern organisation Scout Association He told BBC News Online: "Peter Duncan is the first celebrity to head the organisation in a move to modernise and to bring a fresh image. "We want to prove that the scouts are a trendy, modern organisation." BBC correspondent Torin Douglas said: "In the 21st century celebrity age, a familiar face and TV skills are the most important thing." Cub scout Sally Milner, nine, said she had met Mr Duncan and he was "cool". "He really knows how to talk to children", she said. "It's great we have a real action man as our new Chief Scout." Centenary celebrations Duncan, who recently backpacked around China with his family, said he was looking forward to the UK Scout Association hosting EuroJam in 2005 and the World Scout Jamboree in 2007. Each event will bring tens of thousands of scouts from around the world to the UK to celebrate scouting's centenary. Duncan worked on Blue Peter with Simon Groom and Janet Ellis Founding father Lieutenant General Baden-Powell wrote Scouting for Boys in 1908 after returning from the Boer War. The book was a teenage version of his military training manual Aids to Scouting, and is now said to be fourth in the all-time best-sellers list after the Bible, the Koran and Mao-Tse-Tung's Little Red Book. The following year the Scout Association opened its first offices in London. In 1910 Baden-Powell retired from the Army to devote himself to the movement full-time. It now has around 25 million members worldwide, not counting guides, brownies and girl scouts. TV appearances Since Baden-Powell died in Kenya in 1941, seven other Chief Scouts have reigned. They were Lord Somers, Lord Rowallan, Lord Maclean, Sir William Gladstone, Major-General Michael Walsh, Garth Morrison and George Purdy. Duncan, who is married with four children, left school at 15 to become a professional actor. After a string of appearances in television dramas and series he was first offered the role of Blue Peter presenter in 1978. He accepted second time around in 1980. He was soon known for exploits such as cleaning the face of Big Ben and running the first London Marathon in just over three hours. After leaving Blue Peter in 1984 he filmed his own BBC children's series Duncan Dares, then returned to Blue Peter for a second stint before finally leaving in 1986 to return to acting.


The Battle of Blenheim (1704) took place in which war?

Battle of Blenheim Battle of Blenheim The Duke of Marlborough’s spectacular defeat of the hitherto invincible French army of Louis XIV The Duke of Marlborough leads the attack at the Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession: picture by Harry Payne The previous battle in the British Battles series is the Siege of Basing House The next battle in the War of the Spanish Succession is the Battle of Ramillies Battle: Blenheim War: Spanish Succession Date of the Battle of Blenheim: 2nd August 1704 (Old Style) (13th August 1704 New Style).  The dates in this page are given in the Old Style.  To translate to the New Style add 11 days Place of the Battle of Blenheim: On the Danube in Southern Germany. Combatants at the Battle of Blenheim: British, Austrians, Hungarians, Hanoverians, Prussians, Danes and Hessians against the French and Bavarians. John Churchill Duke of Marlborough: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession Generals at the Battle of Blenheim: The Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy against Marshall Tallard, Marshall Marsin and the Elector of Bavaria. Size of the armies at the Battle of Blenheim: There is considerable dissent on the size of the respective armies. The French and Bavarian armies probably comprised 60,000 men (69 battalions of foot and 128 squadrons of horse) and around 60 guns. The Allied army comprised 56,000 men (51 battalions of foot and 92 squadrons of horse), of which 16,000 (14 battalions of foot and 18 squadrons of horse and dragoons) were British and 52 guns. There is considerable variation in the numbers attributed to the French and Bavarian armies: some authorities put their strength as high as 72,000 men with 200 guns. French sources quoted by Sullivan in his book “The Irish Brigades” give the relative strengths as: French and Bavarians: 43,900 men, in 78 battalions and 127 squadrons, with 90 cannon. British and Allies: 60,150 men in 66 battalions and 181 squadrons, with 66 cannon (French battalions having 400 men to the Allied 500 and the French squadrons 100 to the Allied 150). Prince Eugene of Savoy: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession Uniforms, arms and equipment at the Battle of Blenheim: The British Army of Queen Anne comprised troops of Horse Guards, regiments of horse, dragoons, Foot Guards and foot. In time of war the Department of Ordnance provided companies of artillery, the guns drawn by the horses of civilian contractors. These types of formation were largely standard throughout Europe. In addition the Austrian Empire possessed numbers of irregular light troops; Hussars from Hungary and Bosniak and Pandour troops from the Balkans. During the 18th Century the use of irregulars spread to other armies until every European force employed hussar regiments and light infantry for scouting duties. Horse and dragoons carried swords and short flintlock muskets.  Dragoons had largely completed their transition from mounted infantry to cavalry and were formed into troops rather than companies as had been the practice in the past. However they still used drums rather than trumpets for field signals. Infantry regiments fought in line, armed with flintlock musket and bayonet, orders indicated by the beat of drum. The field unit for infantry was the battalion comprising ten companies, each commanded by a captain, the senior company being of grenadiers. Drill was rudimentary and once battle began formations quickly broke up. The practice of marching in step was in the future. French soldiers marching to join their regiment: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession: picture by Jean Anthoine Watteau The paramount military force of the period was the French army of Louis XIV, the Sun King. France was at the apex of her power, taxing to the utmost the disparate groupings of European countries that struggled to keep the Bourbons on the western bank of the Rhine and north of the Pyrenees. Marlborough and his British regiments acted as an uncertain mortar in keeping


Which group has reformed after 25 years but without founder member, songwriter and keyboard player Jerry Dammers?

Madness’s Biography —   Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm At least three artists exist by this name: 1) a British band 2) an American rapper 3) a Brazilian death metal group 1) Madness is a British pop and ska band from Camden Town, London, England that was formed in 1976. As of 2012, the group has continued to perform with their most recognised lineup of seven members, although that has varied slightly over the years. Known for their cheeky humour and musical eclecticism, the band members called a "dysfunctional family", the group was one of most prominent artists in the late- 70s 2 Tone ska movement. As their career progressed, Madness moved closer toward conventional pop music and has become one of the most successful British bands of all time. The guys achieved most of their success in the 80s , often picking up new wave fans who enjoyed the band's eclectic sound. Madness, in fact, spent exactly 214 weeks on the U.K. singles charts from 1980-89, thereby sharing the record for most weeks spent by a group in said charts with UB40 . Examples of some of their most popular songs include 1979's " One Step Beyond ", 1982's " Our House ", and 1984's " Keep Moving ". Formation The core of the band formed as "The North London Invaders" in 1976. This outfit included Mike Barson (Monsieur Barso) on keyboards and vocals, Chris Foreman (Chrissy Boy) on guitar and Lee Thompson (Kix) on saxophone and vocals. They later recruited John Hasler on drums and Cathal Smyth (better known as Chas Smash) on bass guitar. Later in the year, they were joined by lead vocalist "Dikron". This six-piece lineup lasted until part way through 1977, when Graham McPherson (better known as Suggs ) took over the lead vocals after seeing the band perform in a friend's garden. Smyth, who was poor on bass guitar, was replaced by Gavin Rogers, an acquaintance of Barson. McPherson was kicked out of the band for too often choosing to watch football instead of rehearsing. As well, Thompson left the band after Barson criticised his saxophone playing. By 1978, the band had allowed McPherson to return, after filling in temporarily for Hasler (who had taken over vocals when McPherson was removed). Thompson returned after patching things up with Barson, and Daniel Woodgate (Woody) and Mark Bedford (Bedders) also joined the band, on drums and bass guitar respectively. After briefly changing their name to Morris and the Minors, the band renamed itself as Madness; paying homage to one of their favourite songs by ska/reggae artist Prince Buster. The band remained a sextet until late 1979, when Chas Smash rejoined and officially became the seventh member of Madness as a backing vocalist and trumpet player. Early success In 1979, the band recorded the Lee Thompson composition "The Prince". The song, like the band's name, paid homage to their idol, Prince Buster. The song was released through 2 Tone Records, the label of The Specials founder Jerry Dammers. The song was a surprise hit, peaking in the UK music charts at #16. A performance of "The Prince" on popular UK music show Top of the Pops helped Madness gain public recognition. Madness then toured with fellow 2 Tone bands The Specials and The Selecter, before recording their debut album, One Step Beyond …, which was released by Stiff Records. The album included a re-recording of "The Prince" and the band's second and third singles: " One Step Beyond " and " My Girl ". The title song was a cover of the B-side of the 1960s Prince Buster hit "Al Capone". One Step Beyond… stayed in the British charts for over a year, peaking at #2. After the release of "My Girl", the band felt that they had exhausted the material from One Step Beyond…, and did not want to release any more singles from the album. However, Dave Robinson, head of Stiff Records, disagreed. Eventually, a compromise was made, and the band decided to release an EP featuring one album track and three new tracks. The result was the Work Rest and Play EP, which was headlined by the song "Night Boat to Cairo", from the One Step Beyond alb


When Gracie Fields sang the words: `...you're more than the whole world to me', to whom was she referring?

W.C. Fields - Biography - IMDb W.C. Fields Biography Showing all 109 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (1) | Trivia  (47) | Personal Quotes  (47) | Salary  (7) Overview (5) 5' 7" (1.7 m) Mini Bio (1) William Claude Dukenfield was the eldest of five children born to Cockney immigrant James Dukenfield and Philadelphia native Kate Felton. He went to school for four years, then quit to work with his father selling vegetables from a horse cart. At eleven, after many fights with his alcoholic father (who hit him on the head with a shovel), he ran away from home. For a while he lived in a hole in the ground, depending on stolen food and clothing. He was often beaten and spent nights in jail. His first regular job was delivering ice. By age thirteen he was a skilled pool player and juggler. It was then, at an amusement park in Norristown PA, that he was first hired as an entertainer. There he developed the technique of pretending to lose the things he was juggling. In 1893 he was employed as a juggler at Fortescue's Pier, Atlantic City. When business was slow he pretended to drown in the ocean (management thought his fake rescue would draw customers). By nineteen he was billed as "The Distinguished Comedian" and began opening bank accounts in every city he played. At age twenty-three he opened at the Palace in London and played with Sarah Bernhardt at Buckingham Palace. He starred at the Folies-Bergere (young Charles Chaplin and Maurice Chevalier were on the program). He was in each of the Ziegfeld Follies from 1915 through 1921. He played for a year in the highly praised musical "Poppy" which opened in New York in 1923. In 1925 D.W. Griffith made a movie of the play, renamed Sally of the Sawdust (1925), starring Fields. Pool Sharks (1915), Fields' first movie, was made when he was thirty-five. He settled into a mansion near Burbank, California and made most of his thirty-seven movies for Paramount. He appeared in mostly spontaneous dialogs on Charlie McCarthy 's radio shows. In 1939 he switched to Universal where he made films written mainly by and for himself. He died after several serious illnesses, including bouts of pneumonia. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Ed Stephan <stephan@cc.wwu.edu> Spouse (1) ( 8 August  1900      - 25 December  1946) (his death) (1 child) Trade Mark (1) Usually portrayed rather pessimistic, aggressive and suspicious-natured men with great fondness of alcohol. Yet, this same character was at the same time dogged by his wife and he rarely managed to speak up against her. He is remembered for his hatred of children, but did in fact frequently possess great fatherly affection for his daughter. Trivia (47) Interred at Forest Lawn, Glendale, California, USA, in the Great Mausoleum, Holly Terrace entrance, Hall of Inspiration. He was the second choice to play the title role in The Wizard of Oz (1939). There are still some arguments as to why he turned the part down. Some sources say that he refused to play "The Wizard" because MGM wouldn't pay the salary he wanted, but according to Doug McClelland, author of "Down the Yellow Brick Road", Fields was too busy writing and acting in his latest film for Universal Pictures - You Can't Cheat an Honest Man (1939) - to be loaned out to MGM to play the part. Had a lifetime disdain for music; this he attributed to having to hear his father's singing day and night as a child, loudest when "the old patriarch" was drunk (companion Carlotta Monti claimed Fields once hit her with a cane, to stop her humming with a guitar). When expected to sing in a role, he almost always made a complete farce of both the lyrics and his performance. Pictured on a 15¢ US commemorative postage stamp in the Performing Arts and Artists series, issued 29 January 1980 (100th anniversary year of his birth). Grandfather of Ronald J. Fields , who edited a biography titled "W.C. Fields by Himself". The book dispelled many longstanding stories about Fields, including ones of his living for years on the street. Young Fields did indeed run away from home after f


In which city is the HQ of Volkswagen cars?

Mood in Wolfsburg, City of Volkswagen's Headquarters, Gloomier Than Ever - ABC News ABC News Mood in Wolfsburg, City of Volkswagen's Headquarters, Gloomier Than Ever By MARC MEILLASSOUX Sep 25, 2015, 1:59 PM ET 0 Shares WATCH Volkswagen Names Porsche's Matthias Muller as CEO 0 Shares Email The city of Wolfsburg has a hangover. The city in Germany is the headquarters of Volkswagen AG and the German automaker employs half of the town's residents. A bus-driver waiting for her next shift said she has never seen the city as it is now. "The city kind of stopped 4 days ago. I drive from the main railway station to different sites of VW. Usually there is a lot of people from Berlin, Hannover or Magdeburg for the day, now have a look," she said, referring to the empty bus shelter. She said the latest developments about Volkswagen are all the city's denizens is talking about. Getty Images General view of Volkswagen car manufacture plant during sunset on Sept. 23, 2015 in Wolfsburg, Germany. Last week, U.S. regulators accused the world's largest automaker of using illegal "defeat device" software that causes nearly 500,000 of its diesel cars to cheat on emissions standards tests. On Tuesday, Volkswagen said the emissions scandal involves 11 million of its diesel cars worldwide. "The people are angry, the press doesn't talk about all the small workers that are going to lose their jobs. They have nothing to do with it, they just did their jobs. They were largely backing [former CEO Martin] Winterkorn, now they don't know what will happen," she said. Volkswagen, which was created in 1937 by Adolf Hitler's Nationalist Socialist (Nazi) Party, means "The People's Car Company" in German. After World War II, the Allies took over Volkswagen's Wolfsburg factories and used Volkswagen as a model to rebuild the German auto industry. Getty Images Members of Greenpeace protest outside the main gate at Volkswagen Headquarters on Sept. 25, 2015 in Wolfsburg, Germany. To understand how important Volkswagen is to Wolfsburg, one can look at the driver's bus, which is a Mercedes bus without a logo; it has been removed, as it has for all Mercedes buses. Half of the city's buses are from Mercedes, the other ones are from Man, of the Volkswagen group. "Volkswagen says they didn't ask for it, but it's clear to everyone that they didn't want any Mercedes," the bus driver said. A Taxi driver who said she has lived in Wolfsburg for the past 51 years said, "It's clearly emptier than in usual times. There are 60,000 people working for VW here, plus 20,000 indirect jobs [restaurants, shops] for a town of 130,000 inhabitants. The whole diesel production line has already been completely stopped. Wolfsburg had a very low unemployment rate, now what is going to happen? The whole region will suffer." Volkswagen workers said they have been told not to talk to the press. There was a group of Greenpeace activists standing on VW cars with banners: "VW: Stop lying," and they are asking the company to "communicate straight away all the models involved in the affair". Get real-time updates as this story unfolds. To start, just "star" this story in ABC News' phone app. Download ABC News for iPhone here or ABC News for Android here . 0 Shares


Jockeys Richard, Jimmy, Paul and Amir, share which surname with trainers Micky and John?

Horse Racing Form Guide 03-10-2007 - Documents Horse Racing Form Guide 03-10-2007 Share Horse Racing Form Guide 03-10-2007 Embed
  Horse Racing Form Guide 03-10-2007
 size(px) Horse Racing Form Guide 03-10-2007 by jadwiz-racing Comments Description Horse ratingTrainer Sex of Horse Racecourse Distance Weight Going Group Race Age of Horse Hcap-Stakes JadwizRacing.co.uk 03/10/2007 The horse rating which is displayed on the right hand side of the runners and riders page is calculated in a different way to the Trainer, Jockey and Sire. This rating shows how the horse is currently performing and does not take into account and race conditions. Jockey with claim in brackets Draw Horse Weight in this case 11 stone 2 pounds Other points to note Download Horse Racing Form Guide 03-10-2007 Transcript How things work Each trainer & jockey receives a profile rating depending on how they have performed in the following race categories.  Chase or Hurdle race Sex of horse Racecourse Race distance Weight Going Group races Age of horse Handicap or non-handicap races Colour of horse Month of year      From 18/11/2006 the colour coded ratings used in this guide have changed. Previously we used our master ratings for each race condition which created the problem that there were more green colours than blue. This gave the impression that all trainers and jockeys were above average, this has now changed. Each race category still use our master ratings but now only apply to that race. E.g. the top 30% of trainers in a race will be marked in green (above average) the next 40% in orange (average) and the bottom 30% in blue (below average).       By making this change it makes it easier to see the better trainer or jockeys. One other point, just because a trainer or jockey is shown as poor in a particular race category does not mean they are poor. It simply means that in this race the others are better, in another race they may well be the best depending on which other trainers and jockeys are present.       In the example (next page) the race is taking place at Sedgefield and scheduled to start at 2-10 and is a chase race over 2 mile 5 furlong on soft going. The horse in this case is Green Ideal who ran 4th last time out and managed a win six races ago. Itâs set to carry 11 stone 2 pound minus the jockeyâs claim which is 3 pounds and is a 7yo bay in colour and a gelding.       The number below the horses form is the draw in this case zero. Trainer Ferdy Murphy has overall above average form for todayâs race conditions and has excellent form on the racecourse, above average on the going (soft going) and below average at this time of the year. In contrast jockey K J Mercer who is claiming 3 pounds is generally below average and is poor riding when riding 7yos horses and below average with todayâs allocated weight. In addition each horse gets a rating showing their current form.      The horse rating which is displayed on the right hand side of the runners and riders page is calculated in a different way to the Trainer, Jockey and Sire. This rating shows how the horse is currently performing and does not take into account and race conditions.   In addition there is a write up for each of the dayâs races, example below:       Nesnaas has acquired a victory on 1 occasion and has a previous win over the distance. Recent form appears middling. Last few runs have been in handicap races but today switches to Non-handicap Company. Ridden by Jamie Moore last few rides, now Tom Scudamore takes over. (Recent form: Trainer


What was the name of the English logician whose name is given to diagrams of mathematical sets, the areas intersecting where they have elements in common?

history of logic - Modern logic | Britannica.com theorem The French reformer and pamphleteer Petrus Ramus (Pierre de la Ramée) was also the author of extremely influential “Reform” logical texts. His Dialectique (Dialectics) of 1555 (translated into English in 1574) was the first major logical work in a modern language. In this work and in his Dialecticae libri duo (“Two Books of Dialectics”) of 1556 he combined attacks on scholastic logic, an emphasis on the use of logic in actual arguments (“dialectics”), and a presentation of a much simplified approach to categorical syllogism (without an attempt to follow Aristotle). Elsewhere, he proposed that reasoning should be taught by using Euclid’s Elements rather than by the study of the syllogism. He devoted special attention to valid syllogisms with singular premises, such as “Octavius is the heir of Caesar. I am Octavius. Therefore, I am the heir of Caesar.” Singular terms (such as proper names) had been treated by earlier logicians: Pseudo-Scotus , among others, had proposed assimilating them to universal propositions by understanding “Julius Caesar is mortal” as “All Julius Caesars are mortal.” Although Ramus’ proposals for singular terms were not widely accepted, his concern for explicitly addressing them and his refusal to use artificial techniques to convert them to standard forms prefigured more recent interests. Although it had its precursors in medieval semantic thought, Ramus’ division of thought into a hierarchy composed of concepts, judgments, arguments, and method was influential in the 17th and 18th centuries. Scholastic logic remained alive, especially in predominantly Roman Catholic universities and countries, such as Italy and Spain. Some of this work had considerable value, even though it was outside of the mainstream logical tradition, from which it diverged in the 16th century. If the Reform tradition of Melanchthon and Ramus represents one major tradition in modern logic, and the neo-scholastic tradition another, then (here following the historian of logic Nicholai Ivanovich Styazhkin) a third tradition is found in the followers of the Spanish (Majorcan) soldier, priest, missionary, and mystic Ramón Lull (1235–1315). His Ars magna , generalis et ultima (1501; “Great, General and Ultimate Art”) represents an attempt to symbolize concepts and derive propositions that form various combinations of possibilities. These notions, associated with lore of the Kabbala, later influenced Pascal and Leibniz and the rise of probability theory. Lull’s influence can be seen more directly in the work of his fellow Spaniard Juan Luis Vives (1492–1540), who used a V-shaped symbol to indicate the inclusion of one term in another (see illustration ). Other work inspired by Lull includes the logic and notational system of the German logician Johann Heinrich Alsted (1588–1638). The work of Vives and Alsted represents perhaps the first systematic effort at a logical symbolism. Britannica Stories Obama Commutes Bulk of Chelsea Manning’s Sentence With the 17th century came increasing interest in symbolizing logic. These symbolizations sometimes took graphic or pictorial forms but more often used letters in the manner of algebra to stand for propositions, concepts, classes, properties, and relations, as well as special symbols for logical notions. Inspired by the triumphs achieved in mathematics after it had turned to the systematic use of special symbols, logicians hoped to imitate this success. The systematic application of symbols and abbreviations and the conscious hope that through this application great progress could be made have been a distinguishing characteristic of modern logic into the 20th century. What’s In a Name? Philosopher Edition The modern era saw major changes not only in the external appearance of logical writings but also in the purposes of logic. Logic for Aristotle was a theory of ideal human reasoning and inference that also had clear pedagogical value. Early modern logicians stressed what they called “dialectics” (or “rhetoric”), because “logic” had com


Which popular chocolates are named after a play by JM Barrie?

J.M. Barrie | Scottish author | Britannica.com Scottish author Alternative Title: Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet J.M. Barrie Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet born A.A. Milne J.M. Barrie, in full Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet (born May 9, 1860, Kirriemuir, Angus, Scotland —died June 19, 1937, London , England ), Scottish dramatist and novelist who is best known as the creator of Peter Pan , the boy who refused to grow up. Barrie, 1893 The Granger Collection, New York The son of a weaver, Barrie never recovered from the shock he received at six from a brother’s death and its grievous effect on his mother, who dominated his childhood and retained that dominance thereafter. Throughout his life Barrie wished to recapture the happy years before his mother was stricken, and he retained a strong childlike quality in his adult personality. J.M. Barrie’s birthplace, Kirriemuir, Angus, Scot. © Photos.com/Thinkstock Barrie studied at the University of Edinburgh and spent two years on the Nottingham Journal before settling in London as a freelance writer in 1885. His first successful book, Auld Licht Idylls (1888), contained sketches of life in Kirriemuir, and the stories in A Window in Thurms (1889) continued to explore that setting. The Little Minister (1891), a highly sentimental novel in the same style, was a best seller, and, after its dramatization in 1897, Barrie wrote mostly for the theatre . His autobiographical novels When a Man’s Single (1888) and Sentimental Tommy (1896) both feature a little boy in Kirriemuir (“Thrums”) who weaves a cloak of romantic fiction between himself and reality and becomes a successful writer. Most of those early works are marked by quaint Scottish dialect , whimsical humour and comic clowning, pathos , and sentimentality. J.M. Barrie, c. 1890. © Photos.com/Thinkstock Barrie’s marriage in 1894 to the actress Mary Ansell was childless and apparently unconsummated. At an 1897 New Year’s Eve dinner, he met Sylvia Llewellyn Davies, the daughter of writer and caricaturist George du Maurier , a favourite author of his. Conversing with Davies, Barrie sussed out her connection to du Maurier, and she in turn recognized him as the man who sometimes entertained her sons by telling them fairy stories in Kensington Gardens while they strolled with their nanny. Barrie had first encountered the eldest two Davies children, George and Jack, earlier in 1897 while walking his Saint Bernard Porthos, who was named in honour of a character from one of du Maurier’s novels. Having amused the boys with his playful overtures and having charmed Sylvia as well, Barrie soon inveigled his way into the Davies household. Wealthy because of the success of his plays, he provided financial support to and was ultimately treated as a member of the family, who called him “Uncle Jim.” He often initiated games of make-believe with the boys—who, with the births of Peter, Michael, and Nicholas, ultimately numbered five—and accompanied them on family holidays. It was to them, through whom he began to live again the experience of childhood, that he told his first Peter Pan stories, some of which were published in The Little White Bird (1902). Much of that volume was later republished as Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens (1906). Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent Prurient speculation over the nature of Barrie’s relationship with the Davies children persisted into the 21st century. The suggestion of impropriety was sometimes supported by admittedly odd excerpts from The Little White Bird, including one that featured a man plotting to turn a young boy against his mother in order to gain exclusive access to his affections. However, Barrie’s personal associates and most scholars concluded that—although unconventional and perhaps somewhat unhealthy—his attachment to the boys was devoid of any sexual component. Nicholas, the youngest Davies, explicitly addressed the rumours, contending that Barrie was “an innocent” and likely asexual. British Culture and Politics Barrie’s idyll of reexperienced boyhood was followed


Emerald and aquamarine are varieties of which mineral?

BERYL (Emerald, Aquamarine and other gem varieties) Emerald - Weak; green to blue green. Aquamarine - Weak; blue to darker blue. Morganite - Weak; light red to light violet Heliodor - Weak; greenish yellow to yellow Color: See above. Goshenite is colorless beryl. The name     Emerald denotes hues that are emerald green. Other green varieties     should be referred to as green     beryl . A rare red variety (Red Beryl) resembling fine ruby, from Utah, and a rare deep     blue variety (Maxixe-Brazil) are also known. U.V. Fluorescence: Emerald - none to weak orange-red or green. Others very weak to none. Synthetic emerald may fluoresce a weak dull red and appear       opaque under long u.v. light. Emerald The most popular of colored stones. Birthstone for   May. Color and clarity highly variable, major factors in valuation. The soft, velvety   appearance and "lime Jell-O" color of the best emeralds is unique among all   natural gems, hard to confuse with anything else. Characteristically, nearly all stones   are included, with the best colored stones sometimes being the most included. The term jardin (meaning garden) is used for mossy-appearing, densely included stones. Good stones of high   clarity and color are extremely rare in sizes above 2 to 3 carats. Color is highly prized;   weakly colored, light to medium green stone of excellent clarity up to 5 carats in size do   not command the price of smaller, more included stones of better color.     Unlike other gem beryl, emeralds   are nearly always mined in situ; they seldom survive fluvial transport, perhaps due   to an abundance of inclusions, which decreases their toughness.     Emeralds can be synthesized by   both flux-growth and hydrothermal processes. The two current major manufacturers, who both   employ the flux-growth technique, are Chatham Research Laboratories in San Francisco ( Chatham Created Emerald ) and Ets.   Ceramiques Pierre Gilson (Gilson Emerald). Such synthetic emeralds   are easily distinguished from naturals by having somewhat lower R.I.s and S.G.s,   and by inclusions . There are several   other current and former manufacturers; Biron   is perhaps the best known one that employs hydrothermal synthesis. 1) Muzo - Emerald in calcite veins that invade black shale. Rough is often color zoned with paler core. Both Muzo and Chivor         emeralds are characterized by three-phase inclusions - trapped fluid containing gas,         fluid, and crystals of halite. Muzo emeralds often contain inclusions of calcite and         yellow-brown needles of the mineral parisite . Mines owned by government since 1871; have been leased to various         operators since then. Five year leases instituted in 1977 discontinued in 1982(?) due in         part to poor recovery brought about by rapid mining techniques (dynamite and bulldozers).         10 year leases were most recently held by two companies, Tecminas and Coesminas, who         developed underground workings. Once the most prolific emerald mines in the world. S.G.=2.71; R.I.E=1.578, R.I.O=1.584. 2) Chivor - Emerald in quartz-albite-apatite veins that invade a gray calcareous shale. Chivor emerald has a lower S.G. and lower R.I. (S.G.=2.69, R.I.E=1.571; R.I.O=1.577) than Muzo emerald. Crystals tend to be more elongate than those       from Muzo. Color is said to tend toward a bluer green ("cool       green") as opposed to the slightly yellower green ("warm       green") of Muzo. Characteristic inclusions are pyrite and       albite . The Chivor mines are privately owned; owners pay a 25% royalty on       all production to the Colombian government. Recent reports indicate little production, but       the possibility of new       ownership renewed hope that these mines would       once again become productive. 3) Also mining areas at Cosquez (near Muzo) and Gachala       (near Chivor). B. Zimbabwe- Sandawana Valley (S.G.=2.755; R.I.E=1.586,     R


Which Swedish tennis player never won the men's singles title at Wimbledon, but during the 1980s won the US Open once, the French Open twice and the Australian Open three times?

britishtennis.com - The British Tennis Website   History of Tennis Lets take a step back in time. Below we have identified key moments in tennis history. Cream boxes containing the General heading represent general tennis history facts, while green boxes containing the Wimbledon heading represent specific moments in Wimbledon history. All facts are listed in chronological order (if read as newspaper columns) for your convenience. Enjoy! 12th Century General: Origins trace back to French game called "Paume" ("Palm"), where players hit a small ball over a net by hand. 16th Century General: The racket was actually invented in Italy in 1583. General: Paume evolved into "Jeu de Paume" ("Game of Palm") and a racket was used instead of a hand. 1873 General: Major Walter Wingfield invented the game called "Sphairistik�" (Greek for "playing ball") and first introduced it to    Wales (UK). Played on hour-glass shaped courts on Manor House lawns by wealthy English people.    This is truly where modern tennis evolved. General: The game soon became known as "tennis", thought to come from the French    word "tenir" ("hold this"), "tendere" ("to hold"), or "tenez" ("to take"). The precise origins are unknown. 1875 Wimbledon: Henry Cavendish Jones convinced the All England Croquet Club to replace    a croquet court with a lawn tennis court. Marylebone Cricket Club followed suit. Wimbledon: Marylebone Cricket Club made significant changes to the game. They added Deuce , Advantage ,    and 2 chances per serve. The hourglass-shaped court also changed to a rectangular court, identical to the    measurements we use today! 1877 Wimbledon: The very first World Tennis Championship was held in 1877 at Worple Road in Wimbledon    (United Kingdom), the true home of tennis! The sponsors were the All England Croquet Club.    Only 22 players entered the Mens Singles, which was the only event. Spectators paid a mere    one shilling to watch the final.    The winner of this mens event was Spencer Gore, who aparently speculated that it would not    catch on because it was too boring! 1880 Wimbledon: The Overhead Smash was introduced into the game by the Renshaw brothers. They would dominate Wimbledon for    a decade, winning all but 1880 and 1887 championships between them. 1881 General: The United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) is founded, and the first    U.S. Championships are played. 1884 Wimbledon: The Wimbledon Championships are open to women for the first time. There are only 13 participants. Mens doubles    was also introduced for the first time. 1887 General: The U.S. Championships are open to women for the first time. 1887 Wimbledon: Lottie Dod of England wins the Wimbledon Ladies Singles title for the first of 5 times between 1887 and 1893. She is the youngest player to win a singles event at the age of only 15 years and 285 days. 1888 General: Our very own Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) is founded in order to maintain the new rules and standards of tennis. 1891 General: The first French Championships are played. However, they rule these Championships are only open    to French residents - trust the French! 1897 General: The French Championships are open to women for the first time. 1899 Wimbledon: The All England Croquet Club changed it's name to the All England Tennis & Croquet Club. 1900 General: The first Davis Cup Tournament is held. 1905 General: The first Australasian Championships are played. Only twice between 1905 and 1925 were the Championships held    outside Australia (in New Zealand). 1905 Wimbledon: May Sutton won the Ladies Singles at Wimbledon, and was the first international    tennis player to win at Wimbledon. Wimbledon: The Doherty brothers (Laurie and Reggie) won the Wimbledon Mens Doubles title for a record eigth time.    Ironically, they were both born in Wimbledon! 1907 Wimbledon: Norman Brookes of Australia became the first international Wimbledon Mens Singles champion. 1908 Wimbledon: Mrs Charlotte Sterry of Great Britain became the oldest Wimble


Graham McPherson was lead singer of a famous 1980s pop group, by what name is he usually known?

Madness' main man Suggs: My war against pancreatic cancer | Health | Life & Style | Daily Express HEALTH Madness singer Suggs: I've turned my grief into a war against pancreatic cancer THE Madness star talks about his beloved sister-in-law's death from the disease and how he is helping to raise vital funds for research 02:13, Tue, Mar 18, 2014 REX Suggs is hosting a show in aid of research into pancreatic cancer For more than three decades Suggs, the frenetic frontman of Madness, has been one of pop's most recognisable figures.  With its unique brand of ska music and zany dance routines his band has enjoyed 15 top 10 hits. A highlight of a glittering career came in the Queen's Jubilee year of 2012 when "the nutty boys" were invited to play on the roof of Buckingham Palace. Away from the stage Suggs, whose real name is Graham McPherson, is a dedicated family man. Married to teenage sweetheart Anne (who is also known as singer Bette Bright) and father to two girls, treasured memories are of idyllic seaside holidays spent in Whitstable in Kent where they still have a beach hut. At the heart of these gatherings was always Anne's older sister Alanah who died from pancreatic cancer, also in 2012. "Alanah was like a sister to me," says Suggs, 53, who is about to host a fundraiser for research into the disease which has the worst survival rate of all cancers. "Our kids grew up together and we'd all meet up at least once a week and go on holidays together. Alanah was always at the centre of the family. She was great fun but also very practical. Whenever Anne got fed up with me Alanah would be the calming influence. "I met Anne in 1979 when I was 18 and we spent much of our courting time in Whitstable where Alanah lived. She became part of my life." The first inkling that anything was wrong came when Alanah, who was an accomplished cook, lost her appetite. "I remember it very clearly because she loved her food," says Suggs. "Alanah hated fuss so we don't know how long this had been going on before she went to the doctor and at first diabetes was suspected. She was always full of energy but became very lethargic." Then in May 2012 came the devastating diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Only about four per cent of sufferers survive for more than five years, mainly because it's often detected late. Mortality rates have barely improved since the 1970s and many patients die within three to six months of diagnosis. We are thrashing around in the dark when it comes to pancreatic cancer but there is work on lots of fronts Suggs However Suggs didn't initially comprehend the bleak outlook. Anne had been diagnosed with breast cancer about a year earlier and following treatment was doing well. The singer assumed that her sister, who was just as determined, would also battle through. "We'd been through a horrific time with Anne when she had chemotherapy," he says. "Yet everything had been looking up. Anne had been clear for a year and the band was doing well. "Showbusiness is very fickle and you can end up sitting on a park bench scratching your head but there was the Jubilee performance at Buckingham Palace, we'd also played at the Olympics and there was a new album. "We are a very strong family and when we were told Alanah had cancer we thought the force of her personality would also carry her through but I was with her husband Keith one day and he told me she might not be around for Christmas. It was hard to take on board and right until the end we were forlornly hoping for a miracle." Suggs was shocked by how quickly Alanah went downhill. He adds: "It was humbling to see how accepting she was because we all felt so angry about how unfair it was. All we could do was try to keep everything normal." Towards the end, and despite being very ill, Alanah was able to accompany her extended family to a part of Italy they visited regularly and enjoy a meal at her favourite restaurant. "I think that was a target that kept her going," says Suggs. Alanah, a mother of two sons, was due to have more chemotherapy on her return but doctors decided it was now


Which Ealing comedy featured Alec Guinness, Alfie Bass, Sid James and Stanley Holloway as a gang of crooks?

Ealing Comedy DVD Collection - The Ladykillers/Kind Hearts and Coronets/The Lavender Hill Mob/The Man in the White Suit 1955: Amazon.co.uk: Alec Guinness, Joan Greenwood, Peter Sellers, Dennis Price, Stanley Holloway, Sidney James, Alfie Bass, Marjorie Fielding, Edie Martin, John Salew, Ronald Adam, Arthur Hambling, Alexander Mackendrick, Charles Crichton, Robert Hamer, Jimmy O'Connor, John Dighton, Nancy Mitford: DVD & Blu-ray Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949) The Man in the White Suit (1951) The Lavender Hill Mob (1951) Special Features: Four artcards Theatrical trailers The Ladykillers -- ratio: 1.66:1; mono Kind Hearts and Coronets -- ratio: 1.33:1; mono The Man in the White Suit -- ratio: 1.33:1; mono The Lavender Hill Mob -- ratio: 1.33:1; mono From Amazon.co.uk Four of the British film industry's best-loved comedies in one box set makes The Ealing Comedy Collection absolutely essential for anyone who has any passion at all for movies. The set contains Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), The Lavender Hill Mob (1951), The Man in the White Suit (1951) and The Ladykillers (1955). Ealing's greatest comedies captured the essence of post-war Britain, both in their evocation of a land once blighted by war but now rising doggedly and optimistically again from the ashes, and in their mordant yet graceful humour. They portray a country with an antiquated class system whose crumbling conventions are being undermined by a new spirit of individual opportunism. In the delightfully wicked Kind Hearts and Coronets, a serial killer politely murders his way into the peerage; in The Lavender Hill Mob a put-upon bank clerk schemes to rob his employers; The Man in the White Suit is a harshly satirical depiction of idealism crushed by the status quo; while The Ladykillers mocks both the criminals and the authorities with its unlikely octogenarian heroine Mrs "lop-sided" Wilberforce. Many factors contribute to the success of these films--including fine music scores from composers such as Benjamin Frankel (Man in the White Suit) and Tristram Cary (The Ladykillers); positively symphonic sound effects (White Suit); marvellously evocative locations (the environs of King's Cross in Ladykillers, for example); and writing that always displays Ealing's unique perspective on British social mores ("All the exuberance of Chaucer without, happily, any of the concomitant crudities of his period")--yet arguably their greatest asset is Alec Guinness, whose multifaceted performances are the keystone upon which Ealing built its biting, often macabre, yet always elegant comedy. On the DVD: The Ealing Comedy Collection presents the four discs in a fold-out package with postcards of the original poster artwork for each. Aside from theatrical trailers on each disc there are no extra features, which is a pity given the importance of these films. The Ladykillers is in muted Technicolor and presented in 1.66:1 ratio, the three earlier films are all black and white 1.33:1. Sound is perfectly adequate mono throughout. --Mark Walker


What name is given to the day 40 days after Easter?

Ascension Day Home   Calendar   Holidays   Ascension Day Ascension Day Ascension Day is the 40th day of Easter. It occurs 39 days after Easter Sunday. It is a Christian holiday that commemorates Jesus Christ's ascension into heaven according to Christian belief. Ascension Day marks the 40th day after Jesus Christ's resurrection according to Christian belief. Ascension Day marks the 40th day after Jesus Christ's resurrection according to Christian belief. ©iStockphoto.com/Jorisvo What Do People Do? Ascension Day is officially celebrated on a Thursday on the 40th day of Easter (or 39 days after Easter Sunday). In countries where it is a public holiday, Ascension Day is a free day for many workers. Many people take a long weekend off because the day falls on a Thursday. The Friday in between is usually quiet, particularly in shops and offices. Despite Christianity being a minority religion in Indonesia, Ascension Day is a public holiday and special services take place at churches throughout the country. Ascension Day is sometimes called Father’s Day in Germany because many Protestant men have herrenpartien “outings” on this day. In Sweden many people go out to the woods at 3am or 4am to hear the birds at sunrise. It is good luck if a cuckoo is heard from the east or west. These jaunts are called gökotta, or “early cuckoo morning”. In England, Ascension Day is associated with various water festivals ranging from Well Dressing in Derbyshire to the Planting of the “Penny Hedge” at Whitby, a small town in Yorkshire. Other customs may include “beating the bounds”. In the old days, it involved beating boys with willow branches as they are driven along parish boundaries, not only to purify them of evil but to teach them the limits of their parish. In modern times, it involves people in the locality walking around their farm, manorial, church or civil boundaries pausing as they pass certain trees, walls and hedges that denote the extent of the boundary to exclaim, pray and ritually 'beat' particular landmarks with sticks. Public Life Ascension Day is not a federal public holiday in Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States . It is a public holiday in some countries, including: Austria. Sweden. Vanuatu. Government offices, schools, banks and many businesses are usually closed in countries where Ascension Day is a public holiday. Public transport services may run on weekend schedules in some countries that observe Ascension Day as a public holiday. Background Ascension Day is one of the earliest Christian festivals dating back to the year 68. According to the New Testament in the Bible, Jesus Christ met several times with his disciples during the 40 days after his resurrection to instruct them on how to carry out his teachings. It is believed that on the 40th day he took them to the Mount of Olives, where they watched as he ascended to heaven. Ascension Day marks the end of the Easter season and occurs ten days before Pentecost. Depending upon the phases of the Moon in a particular year, Ascension Day is celebrated on a Thursday. However, some churches, particularly in the United States, celebrate it on the following Sunday. Many Eastern Orthodox churches calculate the date of Pascha (Easter) according to the Julian calendar, rather than the Gregorian calendar used by many western churches, so their Ascension Day usually occurs after the western observance. Symbols Ascension Day celebrations include processions symbolizing Christ’s entry into heaven and, in some countries, chasing a “devil” through the streets and dunking it in a pond or burning it in effigy – symbolic of the Messiah’s triumph over the devil when he opened the kingdom of heaven to all believers. In England, eggs laid on Ascension Day are said to never go bad and will guarantee good luck for a household if placed in the roof. In Devon, it was an ancient belief that the clouds always formed into the familiar Christian image of a lamb on Ascension Day. If the weather is sunny on Ascension Day, the summer will be long and hot. If it rains on the day,


Who, in the Bible, was the twin brother of Jacob?

Esau in the Bible – The Twin Brother of Jacob By  Jack Zavada "Instant gratification" is a modern term, but it applied to the Old Testament character Esau, whose shortsightedness led to disastrous consequences in his life. Esau, whose name means "hairy," was the twin brother of Jacob .  Since Esau was born first, he was the elder son who inherited the all-important birthright , a Jewish law that made him the major heir in his father Isaac 's will. Once, when the red-haired Esau came home famished from hunting, he found his brother Jacob cooking stew.  Esau asked Jacob for some, but Jacob demanded that Esau first sell him his birthright for the stew.  Esau made a poor choice, not considering the consequences.  He swore to Jacob and exchanged his precious birthright for a mere bowl of stew. Later, when Isaac's eyesight had failed, he sent his son Esau out to hunt for game for a meal, planning to give Esau his blessing later.  Isaac's scheming wife Rebekah overheard and quickly prepared meat.  Then she put goatskins on her favorite son Jacob's arms and neck, so that when Isaac touched them, he would think it was his hairy son Esau.   Jacob thus impersonated Esau, and Isaac blessed him by mistake. When Esau returned and found out what had happened, he became furious.  He asked for another blessing, but it was too late.  Isaac told his firstborn son he would have to serve Jacob, but would later "throw his yoke from off your neck." ( Genesis 27:40, NIV ) Because of his treachery, Jacob feared Esau would kill him.  He fled to his uncle Laban in Paddan Aram.  Again going his own way, Esau had married two Hittite women, angering his parents.  To try to make amends, he married Mahalath, a cousin, but she was a daughter of Ishmael , the outcast. Twenty years later, Jacob had become a rich man.  He went back home but was terrified of meeting Esau, who had become a powerful warrior with an army of 400 men.  Jacob sent servants ahead with flocks of animals as gifts for Esau. But Esau ran to meet Jacob and embraced him; he threw his arms around his neck and kissed him. And they wept. (Genesis 33:4, NIV) Jacob returned to Canaan and Esau went to Mount Seir.  Jacob, whom God renamed Israel, became father of the Jewish nation through his twelve sons .  Esau, also named Edom, became father of the Edomites, an enemy of ancient Israel.  The Bible does not mention Esau's death. A very confusing verse regarding Esau appears in Romans 9:13: Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.” (NIV)  Understanding that the name Jacob stood for Israel and Esau stood for the Edomite people helps us decipher what is meant. If we substitute "chose" for "loved" and "did not choose" for "hated," the meaning becomes clearer:  Israel God chose, but Edom God did not choose.  God chose Abraham and the Jews, from whom the Savior Jesus Christ would come.  The Edomites, founded by Esau who sold his birthright, were not the chosen line. Esau's Accomplishments: Esau, a skilled archer, became rich and powerful, father of the Edomite people.  Without doubt his greatest accomplishment was forgiving his brother Jacob after Jacob had cheated him out of his birthright and blessing. Esau's Strengths: Esau was strong-willed and a leader of men.  He set out on his own and founded a mighty nation in Seir, as detailed in Genesis 36. Esau's Weaknesses: His impulsiveness often led Esau into making bad decisions.  He thought only of his momentary need, giving little thought to the future. Life Lessons: Sin always has consequences, even if they are not immediately apparent.  Esau rejected the spiritual in favor of his urgent physical needs.  Following God is always the wisest choice. Hometown: Canaan. References to Esau in the Bible: Esau's story appears in Genesis 25-36.  Other mentions include Malachi 1:2, 3; Romans 9:13; and Hebrews 12:16, 17. Occupation: Key Verses: Genesis 25:23 The LORD said to her (Rebekah), “Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples from within you will be separated; one people will be stronger than the other, and the older will serve the yo


Billy Bunter by Frank Richards | Featured Books : Stella & Rose's Books Billy Bunter by… Billy Bunter by Frank Richards Billy Bunter  is the most famous creation by the author Charles Hamilton, written under the pen name Frank Richards . Charles Hamilton used upwards of twenty pen names and is the most prolific author of boy's stories of all time. You will find him in the Guinness book of records and it is estimated that he wrote over 80,000,000 words or the equivalent of 1,000 average length novels. Born in Ealing, Middlesex, England on August 8, 1876, it is thought that he wrote his first story just nine years later, in 1885. Billy Bunter was brought to fame as part of  The Magnet , a boy's magazine which ran between 1908 and 1940 for a total of 1683 issues. Billy Bunter featured in well over a thousand of these magazines, with his part growing as Hamilton realized the comic potential of Billy Bunter. With the ceasing of publication of the boy's paper magazine due to the second world war and paper shortages, Billy Bunter remained only in comic form in the KnockOut Comic  and Annual until Charles Skilton noticed an article in the 1946 Picture Post about Charles Hamilton, also known as Frank Richards. This led to Skilton contacting Hamilton and persuading him to write more Billy Bunter stories, and to accept royalties for the publication instead of Hamilton's normal payment of a flat fee per 1,000 words. Therefore, after the copyright issues had been sorted out, Billy Bunter made his first appearance in book form in the novel Billy Bunter of Greyfriars School published in 1947. The books were a great hit but after publishing ten books Skilton had to give up publishing them due an inability to obtain sufficient paper supplies. At this point Cassell took over the publication. Cassell published a further twenty-eight novels starting with Billy Bunter's Beanfeast and finishing withBunter's Last Fling in 1965. The thirty-eight books were published in a variety of colours but all had a very distinctive yellow background jacket. The first book to appear with a number on the wrapper spine was No. 18 - Lord Billy Bunter but it is worth noting that all the earlier titles were then reprinted by Cassell with the number on the wrapper spine. Hamilton died on the 24th December 1961 aged 85, therefore the last few books were finished off by other writers, including the penultimate book Bunter the Sportsman. But what of our hero BILLY BUNTER? Well, he is definitely not your typical hero (top of the class, good at sport etc....). Bunter's nickname is "Fat Owl" and his main characteristics are dishonesty and greed, not to mention being pathologically self-centered, snobbish, racist, conceited, lazy, cowardly, mean-spirited and stupid - indeed he may be better described as an anti-hero! Yet despite all of these attributes Hamilton gets the reader to sympathise with the character for his sheer brazen effrontery and his persistence in the face of inevitable failure. The one real talent Bunter has is ventriloquism which leads to plenty of humorous moments and gets him out of many a jam! The majority of the stories are based at Greyfriars School, a boarding school set in the fictional village of Friardale. From reading the author's stories it is clear that the school would, if real, be based somewhere in Kent , England. The school is made up of seven forms based upon age group of which Billy Bunter is a member of the Remove. Billy Bunter's one main concern is food, although he always seems to manage quite well by scoffing the other boys' cakes and sweets when their backs are turned. He has some famous lines which appear consistently throughout the novels. If you have ever thought "have I ever read a Billy Bunter Story?" you will know instantly by his catch phrases - the main two being "I say you fellows" and his exclamation of pain "Yarooh!". Several members of Billy Bunter's family make fairly common appearances in the stories: Bessie Bunter, who has similar characteristics to Billy Bunter and stars in her own book Bessie Bunter of Cliff Hou


Which famous British establishment was founded in 1694 by William Patterson?

Gold & Money 7: Bank of England   Unfortunately for the people of the world everything is going according to the New World Order Plan. But what is this New World Order Plan? In a nutshell the Plan is this. The Dark Agenda of the secret planners of the New World Order is to reduce the world's population to a "sustainable" level "in perpetual balance with nature" by a ruthless Population Control Agenda via Population and Reproduction Control. A Mass Culling of the People via Planned Parenthood, toxic adulteration of water and food supplies, release of weaponised man-made viruses, man-made pandemics, mass vaccination campaigns and a planned Third World War. Then, the Dark Agenda will impose upon the drastically reduced world population a global feudal-fascist state with a World Government, World Religion, World Army, World Central Bank, World Currency and a micro-chipped population. In short, to kill 90% of the world's population and to control all aspects of the human condition and thus rule everyone, everywhere from the cradle to the grave.   "The bank hath benefit on the interest on all monies which it creates out of nothing." Quote from the Bank of England charter (1694) Central banks are integral to the modern fiat monetary system and the power and influence invested in this role is such that central banks and, more importantly, those who control them, have an immense impact on human affairs. The evolution of the banking system from earliest times has involved not only empirical, accidental modifications but also of a secret, concerted, plan to create a financial system of supremely corrupting and corruptible capacity. It was not until the 18th century that the secret plan was brought to its perfect form by the creation of banking dynasties, especially the Rothschild , and the perfecting of a vehicle of transmission –central banks. The model for this perfect vehicle is the Bank of England. An enterprising and wealthy businessman called William Patterson (1658-1719), founded the Bank of England in 1694 following his award of a Royal Charter to establish the Bank, granted by William III (1650-1702) following Patterson's rendering considerable funds to help finance William's war against France. The need for such a thing appeared simple: the government required money, and Britain, rapidly increasing in wealth, required a prestigious, powerful bank – a central bank. Thus, as was the case of some of the earlier European banks, a loan to the government was the origin of its establishment. The loan, which was ï¿½1,200,000, was raised through subscription between Thursday, 21st June, and noon of Monday, 2nd July 1694 and on Tuesday, 10th July, the subscribers appointed Sir John Houblon the governor, and Michael Godfrey deputy-governor. Joining these two men were the first twenty-four appointed directors, all men of high mercantile standing, elected on Wednesday, 11th July 1694. The bank was moved to its permanent location on Threadneedle Street, London, in the 1730s. The important point to understand here is that the management of the British national debt has been confided to the Bank of England from the date of its foundation, and this private corporation has remained the preferred banker of the British government ever since. That is, from the date of its foundation a private corporation calling itself the "Bank of England" assumed total the control of the credit of the British nation and it has remained the banker of the British government ever since. The "Bank of England" therefore became the pre-eminent bank –the Central Bank- of the British Empire. One of the unique privileges afforded this private corporation -a joint-stock bank with limited liability- was, since 1833, the privilege of issuing Promissory Notes, which have been legal tender in England and Wales. The Bank Act of 1844, regulating the note-issue of the Britain, reinforced this power; the Bank of England thereby became the sole source from which legal tender notes were obtained. The intention of concentrating the note issues on the Bank of England in order to


"Which 19th century English poet wrote ""Home Thoughts from Abroad""?"

Robert Browning Biography Home > Poets > 19th Century > Robert Browning > Robert Browning Biography Biography of Robert Browning Biography Robert Browning was born in Camberwell, Surrey on May 7th, 1812. He is the son of Robert and Sarah Wiedemann Browning. Robert's father worked as a clerk for the Bank of England and managed to amass a library of obscure and arcane books. His mother was a devout nonconformist. Robert also had a younger sister who was highly gifted. In his early childhood, Robert was seduced by poetry and natural history. By the age of twelve he finished his first book, although it was later destroyed due to him not finding a publisher. Robert greatly showed his displeasure for school life. He studied at several facilities before becoming home schooled by a tutor. By the age of fourteen, Robert was fluent in English, French, Greek, Italian and Latin. His love for romance poets grew greater. As a follower of Shelley's works he briefly became atheist and a vegetarian. However, later he mentioned it was only a phase. At sixteen he attended the University College in London, England but soon dropped out after his first year. Through Robert's mother, he became musically talented with composed settings and various songs. In 1833, Browning's mark on poetry began. Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession was published by Saunders and Otley, however its publication was greatly financed by his family. Robert continued his poetic career through much of the mid to late 30s. And in the early 1840s Browning wrote numerous volumes of plays and shorter poems under the series Bells and Pomegranates. In 1845, Robert met Elizabeth Barrett and by 1846 they were married in secret. Robert then became a father in 1849 to Robert Wiedemann Browning who later became a painter and critic. The Brownings together continued to write numerous poetry from their Italian home throughout the 1850s. Roberts first piece published since his marriage was in 1850 named Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day. Robert's book Men and Women was dedicated to his wife in 1855. The title comes from a line in Elizabeth's Sonnects from the Portuguese. This book is now looked on as one of the greatest pieces written during the Victorian era in England. However, the book received little response when first published. Following his wives death in 1861, Browning and his son returned to England. His next work would not be published until eight years later - nine since his last publication. In 1864, Dramatis Personae was published. The book sold extremely well along with selected poems throughout the piece. The book holds a darker tone than his earlier works. Robert's literary status was recognized by the honorary fellowship award in 1867 in Balliol College, Oxford. Robert returned to Italy for the first time since his wife's death in 1878. He later died in December of 1889 at his son's home in Ca' Rezzonico in Venice. He was buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey; his grave now lies immediately adjacent to that of Alfred Tennyson.


"In Greek mythology, which character carried a rod called ""a caduceus""? (kad-oo-see-us)"

Greek Mythology: Hermes GREEK MYTHOLOGY And His Magic Wand       Hermes, the messenger god on Mount Olympus, had a magic wand called a Caduceus, which was given to him by Apollo. The Caduceus is a rod or staff framed by two intertwined snakes; at the top of the staff are two wings.      The Caduceus symbolizes the spinal column, the central conduit for the Psychic Force, or nerve energy, which animates all the organs and members of the body. The places where the snakes cross represent the spinal energy centers or chakras of the subtle body.      The two snakes represent the two complementary halves of the nervous system: motor and sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic. For optimal functioning of the nervous system, these complementary halves must be balanced.      Hermes, also called Mercury by the Romans, is sometimes pictured as a hermaphrodite, or a person who is half male and half female. So it is with the nervous system; it is neither emissive/masculine/Yang, nor is it receptive/feminine/Yin, because it incorporates both principles, or polarities.      The essence of the nervous system is communication, and Hermes, or Mercury, is the god of communication, transportation, and commerce. Greek mythology also depicts Hermes as a clever trickster, sent out on missions by Zeus and other Olympian gods to do their dirty work. And so, Hermes symbolizes the Mercurial adaptability of the mind, which must survive by living by its wits and ingenuity.      Esoterically speaking, the two intertwining snakes of the Caduceus symbolize the lunar Ida and solar Pingala channels of yogic philosophy, which must be cleared and balanced in order for the kundalini energy, or serpent power, to ascend from the base of the spine to the crown, producing enlightenment. In the Western esoteric tradition, this is called the Alchemical Marriage.      Snakes also have a profound symbolic significance in science, medicine and healing. The snake, which periodically molts, or sheds its skin, is a symbol of healing, regeneration and renewal. In ancient Greece snakes, which move about without any visible means of support or locomotion, were considered to be the wisest and cleverest of all animals.      Asclepius' staff has only one snake entwined around it, which symbolizes healing, regeneration, and the consummate skill of the medical art. Hermes' Caduceus has two intertwined snakes, which, in addition to all the above, also represent the need for balance, or homeostasis, for optimum health maintenance and disease prevention.      It seems as if snakes were also solar symbols. Apollo, who gave the Caduceus to Hermes, is often pictured with snakes. And the staff of Asclepius, son of Apollo, has a snake entwined around it. The sun, as the source of all Life and energy in our universe, is deeply connected with healing and the expression of vitality and wellbeing in general.


"Which British actress (and DBE) wrote an autobiography, entitled ""No Turn Unstoned""?"

Diana Rigg - Actress | Flickr Back to albums list Diana Rigg - Actress Dame Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg, DBE (born 20 July 1938) is an English actress. She is probably best known for her portrayals of Emma Peel in The Avengers and Countess Teresa di Vicenzo in the 1969 James Bond film On Her Majesty's Secret Service. She is considered a sex symbol and an icon of 1960s feminism. Rigg was born in Doncaster, South Yorkshire and between the ages of two months and eight years Rigg lived in Bikaner, India, where her father was employed as a railway executive. Rigg speaks fluent Hindi. She was then sent to a boarding school, the Moravian School in Fulneck, near Pudsey. She disliked her boarding school, where she felt like a fish out of water, but she believes that Yorkshire played a greater part in shaping her character than India did. She trained as an actress at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Rigg is particularly known for her role in the British 1960s television series The Avengers, where she played the secret agent Mrs. Emma Peel for 51 episodes between 1965 and 1967. Rigg tried out for the role of Emma Peel on a whim, without ever having seen the programme. Her career in film, television and the theatre has been wide-ranging, including roles in the Royal Shakespeare Company between 1959 and 1964. Her professional debut was in The Caucasian Chalk Circle in 1955, aged 17. Although she was hugely successful in the role of Emma Peel, she did not like the lack of privacy that television brought. She also did not like the way that she was treated by ABC Weekend TV. After a dozen episodes she discovered that she was being paid less than a cameraman. For the second series she held out for a raise in pay from £150 a week to £450, but there was still no question of her staying for a third year. Patrick Macnee, her co-star in the series, noted that Rigg had later told him that she considered Macnee and her driver to be her only friends on the set. After leaving The Avengers she appeared as the title character in the telemovie The Marquise, which was based on a play by Noël Coward. She also returned to the stage, including playing two Tom Stoppard leads, Ruth Carson in Night and Day and Dorothy Moore in Jumpers. A nude scene with Keith Michell in Abelard and Heloise led to a notorious description of her as 'built like a brick basilica with insufficient flying buttresses', by the acerbic critic John Simon. In 1982, she appeared in a musical called Colette, based on the life of the French writer and created by Tom Jones and Harvey Schmidt, but it closed during an American tour en route to Broadway. In 1986, she took a leading role in the West End production of Stephen Sondheim's musical Follies. On the big screen she became a Bond girl in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), playing Tracy Bond, James Bond's only wife. She said she took the role with the hope that she would become well known in America. Throughout the filming of the movie, there were rumours that the experience was not a happy one, owing to a personality clash with Bond actor George Lazenby. The rumors may have arisen from a reporter witnessing her say "I'm having garlic for lunch George [Lazenby] I hope you are!" before a love scene between the two. However, both Rigg and Lazenby have denied the claims, and both wrote off the garlic comment as a joke. Her other films include The Assassination Bureau (1969), The Hospital (1971), Theatre of Blood (1973), In This House of Brede (1975) (based on the book by Rumer Godden) and A Little Night Music (1977). She also appeared as Lady Holiday in the 1981 film The Great Muppet Caper. In the 1980s, after reading stinging reviews of a stage performance she had given, Rigg was inspired to compile the worst theatrical reviews she could find into a tongue-in-cheek (and best-selling) compilation, entitled No Turn Unstoned. In 1981 she appeared in a Yorkshire Television production of Hedda Gabler in the title role. In 1982, she received acclaim for her performance as Arlena Stuart Marshall in the film adaptation of Agatha Christie's


"Which metal is mainly derived from the ore ""haematite""?"

Extraction and Uses of Metals   Extraction and Uses of Metals Very few metals are found naturally in any quantity as the pure, uncombined element. In fact, it is generally only gold that is found this way. Most metals are found in nature as compounds, usually as metal oxides. For example, aluminium is found as aluminium oxide (also known as alumina), Al2O3, in a rock called bauxite. Iron is found as iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, in rocks such as haematite and magnetite. A naturally occurring compound from which a metal can be extracted is known as an ore. In order to obtain the pure metal, it is necessary to extract the metal from its ore. This usually involves removal of oxygen from the metal oxide, which is a process known as reduction. That is, the extraction of metals involves reduction of their ores. There are many ways in which a metal oxide can be reduced to the metal. The method actually chosen for each metal on an industrial scale depends on several factors: the cost of the reducing agent the cost of the energy requirements the required purity of a metal Clearly, the overall cost of an extraction process is of prime importance. A process which requires less energy (e.g. operates at a lower temperature) will usually have an economic advantage over a process which requires a greater energy input. A reducing agent that is naturally available such as carbon (e.g. from coal) or hydrogen (from natural gas) is cheaper than one such as sodium, which has to be prepared by a separate (and often costly) process. If a metal is required with very high purity (and in small quantities) for a particular use, then a relatively expensive process may be used, the extra expense being needed to satisfy the demand for high purity and being justified by the marketable value of the product. If high purity is not an essential requirement, then the cheapest route providing a saleable metal will be used. The way in which a metal is extracted from its ores is related to its position in the reactivity series. In particular, the method depends on whether the metal is more or less reactive than carbon and hydrogen. Metals that are less reactive than carbon or hydrogen (which are cheap) can be reduced by them. Metals that are more reactive than carbon have to be reduced by a very reactive metal such as sodium or by a process such as electrolysis; both alternatives are more expensive. The reactivity series for a selection of metals (as well as the non-metals, carbon and hydrogen) is given below: potassium> sodium> magnesium> aluminium> (carbon)> zinc> iron> lead> (hydrogen)> copper K > Na > Mg > Al > (C) > Zn > Fe > Pb > (H2) > Cu Zinc, iron, lead and copper can be extracted cheaply from their ores using carbon but potassium, sodium, magnesium and aluminium have to be extracted from their ores by more expensive methods such as electrolysis. Copper could be extracted from its ores using hydrogen. In fact, copper needs to be extremely pure (over 99.95%) when it is used to make electrical wires. In this case, the high purity is achieved by electrolysis of impure, cheaply extracted copper and the extra cost is incorporated in the market price of the purified copper. Extraction of iron from iron ore Iron is the second most abundant metal in the Earth's crust. Iron is extracted form its ore in a blast furnace. Four substances are required: ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Iron ore. The chief ore is haematite. It is mainly iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) mixed with sand (SiO2). ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Limestone. This is a form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and is used to remove the sand from the iron ore. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Coke. Derived from coal, this is mostly carbon and is used in the reduction of iron oxide to iron. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Oxygen. The coke burns in pre-heated air, which also helps to heat the furnace to about 1200ï¿½C. A blast furnace is like a giant chimney, at least 30m tall. It is made of steel and is lined with fireproof bricks. Iron ore, limestone and coke (the ï¿½chargeï¿½) are added through the top. Hot air is blasted through the bottom, making the charge glow white hot. T


"In which US state did ""The Battle of the Little Big Horn"" take place?"

Battle of the Little Bighorn - Native American History - HISTORY.com Battle of the Little Bighorn Battle of the Little Bighorn Author Battle of the Little Bighorn URL A+E Networks Introduction The Battle of the Little Bighorn, fought on June 25, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, pitted federal troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (1839-76) against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Tensions between the two groups had been rising since the discovery of gold on Native American lands. When a number of tribes missed a federal deadline to move to reservations, the U.S. Army, including Custer and his 7th Calvary, was dispatched to confront them. Custer was unaware of the number of Indians fighting under the command of Sitting Bull (c.1831-90) at Little Bighorn, and his forces were outnumbered and quickly overwhelmed in what became known as Custer’s Last Stand. Google Battle of the Little Bighorn: Mounting Tensions Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (c.1840-77), leaders of the Sioux on the Great Plains, strongly resisted the mid-19th-century efforts of the U.S. government to confine their people to reservations. In 1875, after gold was discovered in South Dakota’s Black Hills, the U.S. Army ignored previous treaty agreements and invaded the region. This betrayal led many Sioux and Cheyenne tribesmen to leave their reservations and join Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in Montana . By the late spring of 1876, more than 10,000 Native Americans had gathered in a camp along the Little Bighorn River–which they called the Greasy Grass–in defiance of a U.S. War Department order to return to their reservations or risk being attacked. Did You Know? Several members ofGeorge Armstrong Custer's family were alsokilled at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, including two of his brothers, his brother-in-law and a nephew. In mid-June, three columns of U.S. soldiers lined up against the camp and prepared to march. A force of 1,200 Native Americans turned back the first column on June 17. Five days later, General Alfred Terry ordered George Custer’s 7th Cavalry to scout ahead for enemy troops. On the morning of June 25, Custer drew near the camp and decided to press on ahead rather than wait for reinforcements. Battle of the Little Bighorn: Custer’s Last Stand At mid-day on June 25, Custer’s 600 men entered the Little Bighorn Valley. Among the Native Americans, word quickly spread of the impending attack. The older Sitting Bull rallied the warriors and saw to the safety of the women and children, while Crazy Horse set off with a large force to meet the attackers head on. Despite Custer’s desperate attempts to regroup his men, they were quickly overwhelmed. Custer and some 200 men in his battalion were attacked by as many as 3,000 Native Americans; within an hour, Custer and all of his soldiers were dead. The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custer’s Last Stand, marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worst U.S. Army defeat in the long Plains Indian War. The demise of Custer and his men outraged many white Americans and confirmed their image of the Indians as wild and bloodthirsty. Meanwhile, the U.S. government increased its efforts to subdue the tribes. Within five years, almost all of the Sioux and Cheyenne would be confined to reservations. Tags


"Which car manufacturer makes a model called the ""Tiguan""?"

Volkswagen Tiguan Price, Launch Date in India, Review, Mileage & Pics | CarDekho Videos Highlights February 3, 2016: The German car manufacturer, Volkswagen has unveiled Tiguan at the 2016 Indian Auto Expo. Based on Volkswagen’s MQB platform, the car will rival Ford Endeavour, Toyota Fortuner and Chevrolet Trailblazer. The MQB platform makes the car 100kg lighter than the PQ35 platform. Powering the car is a 2.0-litre diesel mill, that churns out a maximum power of 148bhp. The powerplant comes mated with 6-speed dual-clutch transmission and is also offered with AWD option for off-roading. At the Indian shores, the closest neck and neck will be with Ford Endeavour’s 2.2-litre powertrain that can generate a maximum power of 158bhp. The Tiguan gets some upgraded features like online assistance, automatic accident notification, traffic updates, parking space info and vehicle status report. On the safety aspects, the car gets airbags with ABS and EBD. Also, the music system accompanies Apple CarPlay and Android Auto for music enthusiasts. Volkswagen Tiguan models Volkswagen Tiguan review Introduction Tiguan is another new model from Volkswagen India that was showcased at the 2016 Auto Expo besides Ameo, Polo GTI, and Passat GTE models. Slated to go on sale in 2017, this premium SUV is said to be based on the manufacturer's MQB platform. We at CarDekho, managed to get a few clicks of this vehicle and little information as well through our sources. Here, we present you with some details that might give you an idea of the company's latest offering. Pros 1. Speculated to get latest upgrades like online assistance and traffic updates, which might lead to better driving experience. Cons 1. As of now, we won't be able to highlight the drawbacks of this vehicle as we have very minimal details that we have gathered so far. Stand Out Features 1. 4Motion Active Control Switch. Likely to be presented in the AWD versions, which will offer four driving modes – onroad, snow, offroad, and offroad individual. Overview Volkswagen Tiguan was first introduced at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September last year. Now, the Indian bound version has appeared at the Auto Expo in Delhi. This premium sports utility vehicle might sit on the MQB (Modularer Querbaukasten) platform, which can also be seen in Audi A3 and Skoda Octavia. Compared to PQ35, the MQB platform is said to be nearly 100 kgs lighter, which will be a great advantage for the machine. Various sources say along with a lighter weight, it will come with several upgraded features providing information like traffic updates, vehicle status report and automatic accident notification along with online assistance. On the safety front, we can expect it to have ABS, automatic post collision braking system, electronic stability control and dual front airbags. Inside the cabin, it might include an infotainment unit with display screen. This is likely to support Apple CarPlay and Android Auto features. Talking about the exteriors, this machine looks huge and tall and the build quality seems to be quite good. The creases, we observe on the doors and bonnet, which add to its style further. Though, the spotlight will remain on the wide chrome treated front grille, large headlamps, and alloy wheels as well, which altogether provide a dynamic stance to this machine.  In the global market, this vehicle is available with both petrol and diesel engine options. So, we can anticipate the same for the Indian version too. These motors are said to be more fuel efficient than the predecessors and might have front wheel drive system as standard, while the AWD system will be for top range trims. It is reported to arrive in India through CKD route. As per our estimation, it will be priced somewhere around Rs. 25 lakh and once launched it may compete with Ford Endeavour, Chevrolet Trailblazer and Toyota Fortuner in this segment. Exterior The striking design and style of the 2016 Volkswagen Tiguan deserves all the applause as it does not look boxy as the outgoing model. It is tough, huge and flaunts a sporty look. This S