What are the fatty compounds/derivatives which store energy, signal, and provide structure in the cells of living things?

1_CELL_STRUCTURE CELL   Cell is the unit of structure and function. They are the building blocks of an organism. Irrespective of the nature of organisms (plant or animal) they are either made up of single cell or many cells, the former are called unicellular and the latter are called multicellular organisms; in the latter, cells are differentiated into various kinds and they are grouped into tissues, which perform special and special function.   For example: meristematic cells perform repeated cell divisions, phloem cells - conduct food material, sclerenchyma - mechanical, xylem - conduction of water and mineral salts and so on. ï¿½Nevertheless, all these different types of cells are derived from the same embryonic cells. The development of various cell types from a single cell is determined and regulated by a process called differentiation, which in turn is controlled by differential concentrations of plant hormones. Added to this, organ differentiation is another fascinating aspect of development. All these processes are regulated by differential gene regulation in response to environmental stimulus and phytohormones.   Cellular composition: All cells are made up of a semi viscous fluid called protoplasm, which is considered as the physical basis of life, for it controls all biochemical reactions of the cell. In fact it is the microcosm of life with many secrets not known to us. The protoplasm is colloidal in nature, because many cell colloidal sized structures and macromolecules are suspended in it. It also exhibits sol and gel properties. The granular nature of the protoplasm is due to the presence of many tiny organelles. Vacuoles of various types are also found, but in plant cells when it is matured, a large central vacuole is present and it is separated from the rest of the protoplasm by a single unit membrane called tonoplast. The fluid present is called cell sap. There are many common features between plant and animal cells; the former is distinguished by the presence of distinct cell wall and plastids, which are totally absent in animal cells. However centrosomes are invariably present in animal cells and rarely in plant cells with exception of some lower plant unicellular algae like Chlamydomonas.   When cells are subjected to chemical analysis the following compounds are found (approximate value).   Compoundï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Animalï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ plant cell Carbohydrates ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 20%ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 30% Proteins ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 45%ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 40% Lipids ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 30%ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 25% RNAï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 1%ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 0.4% DNAï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 0.2%ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 0.4% Inorganic &ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ othersï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 3.8%ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 3.6%   Carbohydrates:ï¿½These are organic compounds consisting of C, H and O. The basic structural components of carbohydrates are monosaccharide sugars consisting of 3 to 7 carbons. Example: Glucose (6c), Fructose (6c), Erythrose (4c), Xylose (5c), etc. such monomers by undergoing polymerization develop into long chained polysaccharides, such as cellulose, cellobioses, starch and glycogen (animal starch). Cellulo


The western part of the US/Mexico border runs through which desert, named after the Mexican state it adjoins?

The U.S.-Mexico Border's 150 Miles of Hell - Men's Journal The U.S.-Mexico Border's 150 Miles of Hell By  Jeff Tietz Credit: Photograph by Peter van Agtmael In late 2010, after the ninth corpse or body part had been discovered on his ranch in a span of 12 months, David Lowell sat down and drafted a document that he later took to calling, with a grain of dark pride, "my map of atrocities." Lowell lives in southern Arizona, 11 miles north of Mexico, in a hinterland canyon in the middle of the busiest drug- and human-smuggling corridor in the United States. Lowell's map, "Sites of Recent Border Violence Within the Atascosa Ranch," renders the ranch boundary as a thick black line. Inside the line glow 17 red dots, each stamped with a number. Among the descriptions in the corresponding key: "Rape tree with women's underwear" (2); "Fresh human head without body" (3); "Skull" (3A); "Body found 500 yards west of Lowell home" (6); "Body found 100 yards south of Lowell home" (7); and "Patrolman Terry killed by Mexican bandits" (12). Lowell, who is 84, has owned and run the Atascosa Ranch for more than 35 years. He is slight and chalk-pallid but possessed of a steady vigor. He handed me a copy of the map in his office before taking me on a tour of the ranch. "In the case of the human head," Lowell said as I was examining the map, "one of our cowboys came to the house holding a Safeway bag and said, 'You wanna see something interesting?' And I said, 'Sure,' and I opened the bag and inside there was a fairly fresh human head. Meat. Fresh-looking meat." After telling the cowboy, Martin, to put the head back exactly where he'd found it, Lowell called the Santa Cruz County sheriff's office. Neither the responding deputies nor Lowell nor Martin could find a corpse. Eventually, the county medical examiner matched the head to the remains of a body recovered a mile away. The deceased was an illegal immigrant who had probably been abandoned by his guide and died of hunger or exposure. Animals had dissected his corpse. About five years earlier, the Sinaloa Cartel, one of Mexico's most powerful drug-trafficking organizations, had assumed control of the smuggling corridor, which runs from Nogales to Phoenix and is roughly 8,000 square miles. All of the human smugglers work for the cartel now. ("The days of the independent coyote are gone," several locals told me.) Decapitated enemies and illegal immigrants left to die are the detritus of a newly disciplined, unitary system. The Nogales–Phoenix corridor is one of the roughest, least-accessible swaths of land along the U.S.–Mexico border. It became the Sinaloa Cartel's primary trafficking route not long after the 9/11 attacks, when "border security" was a touchstone phrase and lawmakers worried that bomb-bearing terrorists posing as illegal immigrants would exploit the country's permeable southwestern border. The Department of Homeland Security sought to move beyond mere deterrence and achieve "operational control" of the border. It assigned the Border Patrol a special "priority mission": to prevent "terrorists and terrorists' weapons, including weapons of mass destruction, from entering the United States." Legislation in 2004 and 2006 provided funding for 10,000 additional Border Patrol agents, mandated 700 miles of new fencing, and authorized the deployment of advanced surveillance systems: laser range finders, mobile ground radar, unmanned aerial vehicles, infrared cameras. The technology and agents are in place, and much of the fence is complete, but the new tactics seem to have rerouted illicit traffic as much as decreased it. With superior fencing and detection equipment, and a recent burst of manpower, DHS has successfully shielded populated areas and shut down some major trafficking routes. Elsewhere, though, agents are scarcer, and the new fence is not continuous or uniform: Pedestrian fencing alternates with vehicle barriers and long stretches of open border. Much of the Nogales–Phoenix corridor is, in any event, so mountainous as to be unfenceable, and its isolation and immensity make


From the Latin for 'godlike' what is the traditional word for the academic study of religion and its ministry?

Religion Dictionary | Teaching Tools | The Learning Center | The Association of Religion Data Archives A Abraham : The Hebrew Bible patriarch and father of the "Abrahamic," monotheistic religions of Judaism , Christianity , and Islam (Prothero 2008: 193). Adherent : 1) A person who identifies with some religious tradition. It is a broader term than "member" because the latter refers to an official status that varies according to congregation or denomination. 2) Note that in ARDA's online Maps & Reports , ï¿½adherentï¿½ has a more specific meaning: ï¿½All members, including full members, their children and the estimated number of other participants who are not considered members; for example, the ï¿½baptized,ï¿½ ï¿½those not confirmed,ï¿½ ï¿½those not eligible for communion,ï¿½ ï¿½those regularly attending services,ï¿½ and the like,ï¿½ according to the Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2010 (Grammich et al. 2012: xvi). Advent : A season of preparation for Christmas , more characteristic of Western Liturgical Churches . In Orthodox Churches , Advent is known as the "Nativity Fast" (Reid et al. 1990: 28). Adventist Family : Churches originating from founder William Miller in the late 19th century. Miller taught that Christ would soon return to earth and that Saturday, rather than Sunday, should be observed as the Christian Sabbath . The Adventist family includes the Seventh-day Adventist Church , which was founded by Ellen White and James Springer White , as well as offshoots such as the Advent Christian Church (Melton 2009: 560-561). African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) : One of the largest black denominations in the United States. The denomination broke off from the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1787. In 1816 , it was officially founded by Richard Allen in Philadelphia (Prothero 2008: 194). Afterlife : The fate of humans after death (Smith and Green 1995: 31). Descriptions of the afterlife will differ by cultural, historical and geographical context (see Egyptian Book of the Dead and Tibetan Book of the Dead ). In Eastern religions, such as Hinduism or Buddhism , reincarnation is an afterlife concept. In the monotheistic religions of Judaism , Christianity and Islam discussions of the afterlife also entail whether an individual goes to either heaven or hell based on God's judgment (Hinnells 1984: 25-26). Agnosticism : A philosophical position neither affirming nor denying belief in a deity. Agnostics believe the question of whether God exists must be left open and unanswered. The concept comes from David Hume (1711-1776), who questioned the idea of causality, and by extension the historical accuracy of biblical miracles. The term "agnostic" was coined by Thomas Huxley (1825-1895), and was used as a method more than a belief system, claiming that one should seek truth until a certain point where the evidence becomes scarce or non-existent (Reid et al. 1990: 31). Ahimsa : A term in Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism that is often translated as "non-violence," referring to not harming or wishing to harm. In Jainism, nonviolence is considered the highest moral duty, as Jain ascetics even attempt to avoid the injury and death of insects. Ahimsa also influenced Gandi and his nonviolent campaign in India (Prothero 2008: 194-195). Ali : One of the most important caliphs in Islam . He was cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad , founder of Islam. Ali was brutally murdered in 661 CE by an assassin. Sunnis consider him the fourth caliph, while Shi'ite Muslims consider him the first. In addition, Shiite Muslims trace the lineage of the imams through him (Esposito 2011: 241). Alienation : A feeling of estrangement from society as a whole, or from its dominant institutions, but not necessarily estrangement from all local religious groups (Dean 1961; Neal and Rettig 1967). All Saints Day : A feast celebrated in the Western Church on the first of November to commemorate Christian martyrs and all those who have led conspicuously holy lives. In the Eastern Church it is observed on the first Sunday after Pentecost


The 'degree' symbol ° indicates what variation of a musical chord?

How to Read Guitar Chord Symbols How to Read Guitar Chord Symbols By Brett McQueen | Guitar Chords | 8 Comments Guitar chords, or any chords for that matter, can be expressed in a variety of different ways.  Sometimes this means guitar chords might include weird symbols or numbers.   I want you to be able to identify the different ways guitar chords can be written, even if you don’t quite have a full grasp of what the chord might be representing.  For that reason, I’m not going to go too deep into the theory behind these ways of writing guitar chords or show you how to play these chords.  To learn how to play guitar chords, visit our growing list of guitar chords with chord chart diagrams  here . 1. Major guitar chords Often major guitar chords are just represented by a capital letter.  For example: G, D, C.  Sometimes major chords might have an added “maj” attached to the letter like: Gmaj, Dmaj, Cmaj.  Those can all be understood as major guitar chords. 2. Minor guitar chords Minor guitar chords will often be represented by a capital letter followed by a lowercase “m” or “min.”  For example: Em, Amin, C#m.  Sometimes a minor chord will just be represented with a lowercase letter like: e, a, or c#.  This is uncommon though in pop music. 3. Chord Inversions Examples: G/B, C/G, D/F#   The above examples are ways to express a chord inversion.  The first letter before the slash is the type of chord.  The letter after the slash is a note taken from the chord that will be put in the bass.  G/B reads: a G major chord with a B note in the bass.  The notes in a G major chord are G, B, & D.  In other words, the lowest note of the G major chord will be the B note of the G major chord. 4. Seventh (7th) chords Seventh (7th) chords are represented by the number ‘7.’  Examples of seventh chords are: G7, Gmaj7, Em7, C#m7.   You might be wondering, “What’s the difference between a G7 and a Gmaj7 chord?  Aren’t they both major chords?”   There is a difference.  A G7 chord is a dominant seventh chord, while a Gmaj7 is a non-dominant seventh chord.   5. Diminished chords Diminished chords are represented often with a little circle or a degree symbol superscripted next to the letter name of the chord.  The letters “dim” will also commonly follow too.  Examples are: B°, F#dim, C#°. 6. Augmented chords Augmented chords will either be represented by plus (+) sign or the letters “aug.”  Examples of augmented chords are: E+, Daug, G+. 7. Altered chords Altered chords are chords with extra markup in them like b5, add9, #5.  These chords require a bit of music theory to fully understand.  Again, we won’t go into this here.  Examples of altered chords are: Cadd9, Gmin7b5, D9.   In the examples above, the number represents a note.  In the case of Gmin7b5, the 5th note of a G minor chord is a D.  The flat symbol or ‘b’ preceding the number 5 indicates that the 5th note should be lowered one half step or “flatted.”  So a Gmin7b5 chord would be understood as a G minor chord with an added seventh and with a flat fifth.   Let me know if you have any questions about this.  Let’s plan on diving into the theory behind all of this soon! About Brett McQueen Brett McQueen is a musician, songwriter, and the founder and editor of Guitar Friendly and Ukulele Tricks . Learn more about him here and follow him on Twitter at @GuitarFriendly . Fatal error: Call to undefined function related_entries() in /home/guitar/public_html/wp-content/themes/guitarfriendly/functions.php on line 120


A chalice - as in the expression 'poisoned chalice' - is literally a?

A poisoned chalice - Idioms by The Free Dictionary A poisoned chalice - Idioms by The Free Dictionary http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/a+poisoned+chalice a poisoned chalice   (British) something that harms the person it is given to although it seemed very good when they first got it The leadership of the party turned out to be a poisoned chalice. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Write what you mean clearly and correctly. References in periodicals archive ? Moss was appointed to a poisoned chalice when it comes to Chelsea - not the easiest team to control. Ask Carol.. Equal ops law encourages fear AS a trade unionist I welcomed the race relations and equal opportunities legislation, but soon realised it was a poisoned chalice that created more of a compensation culture than it did equality and gradually started to promote out of fear and not merit. Hague: Brown is "poisoning the wells" for Tories THE Fat Controller's plan to take cabinet meetings on tour - a gimmick stolen from Scottish first minister Alex Salmond who has already dragged his minions toDumfries, giving new meaning to the phrase Edinburgh Fringe - is a last desperate attempt to swap a poisoned chalice for a china tea service.


Apples, plums, cherries, apricots, raspberries and strawberries all belong to which plant family?

strawberry | plant and fruit | Britannica.com plant and fruit spirea Strawberry (genus Fragaria), genus of more than 20 species of flowering plants in the rose family ( Rosaceae ) and their edible fruit . Strawberries are native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and cultivated varieties are widely grown throughout the world. The fruits are rich in vitamin C and are commonly eaten fresh as a dessert fruit, are used as a pastry or pie filling, and may be preserved in many ways. The strawberry shortcake—made of fresh strawberries, sponge cake, and whipped cream—is a traditional American dessert. The flowers and fruits of a garden strawberry plant (Fragaria ×… Ed Young/Corbis Overview of efforts to create more-flavourful strawberries. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Strawberries are low-growing herbaceous plants with a fibrous root system and a crown from which arise basal leaves. The leaves are compound , typically with three leaflets, sawtooth-edged, and usually hairy. The flowers, generally white, rarely reddish, are borne in small clusters on slender stalks arising, like the surface-creeping stems, from the axils of the leaves. As a plant ages, the root system becomes woody, and the “mother” crown sends out runners (e.g., stolons ) that touch ground and root, thus enlarging the plant vegetatively. Botanically, the strawberry fruit is considered an “accessory fruit” and is not a true berry . The flesh consists of the greatly enlarged flower receptacle and is embedded with the many true fruits, or achenes , which are popularly called seeds. Strawberry plant (Fragaria species) in bloom. © Ekaterina Bykova/Shutterstock.com The cultivated large-fruited strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) originated in Europe in the 18th century. Most countries developed their own varieties during the 19th century, and those are often specially suitable for the climate, day length, altitude, or type of production required in a particular region. Strawberries are produced commercially both for immediate consumption and for processing as frozen, canned, or preserved berries or as juice. Given the perishable nature of the berries and the unlikelihood of mechanical picking, the fruit is generally grown near centres of consumption or processing and where sufficient labour is available. The berries are hand picked directly into small baskets and crated for marketing or put into trays for processing. Early crops can be produced under glass or plastic covering. Strawberries are very perishable and require cool dry storage. Cartons of commercial strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa) in a … AdstockRF


D'addario, Elixir, Rotosound and Ernie Ball are leading makers of what musical accessory?

Electric Guitar Strings | Gear4music Strings Electric Guitar Strings Electric Guitar Strings are an important factor in determining the sound and playability of your instrument. The key things to consider when buying guitar strings are how often you play, the genre of music youll be playing and the thickness or feel you prefer. View All Information At Gear4music we stock an extensive range of electric guitar strings from leading manufacturers including Ernie Ball 's legendary slinky series, DAddario 's EXL series and Dunlop 's Heavy Core as well as a wide range of strings from the likes of Fender and Gibson . No matter what your playing style, skillset or budget, Gear4music has the strings to keep you playing. Strings By Brand ADD TO BASKET About Guitar Strings Whether you‘re replacing that broken string, or whether your opting for a fresh string change – its an inevitable step that all guitarists must take! Thankfully, we make re-stringing as easy as possible for you. With a large range of the best value strings available, you’ll find your perfect set here. Stocking D’Addario, Ernie Ball, Elixir, Gibson and Fender among others, Gear4music is the only place you need to visit for all your string requirements. Electric Guitar News The Sonzera series consists of a 50W combo, 50W Head and 20W combo.Used by Black Stone Cherry and Snarky Puppy, expect professional grade tone right off the bat...  More » Product Finder Heavy Bottom Light Top (12) Heavy Bottom Regular Top (14) Lightweight (55) Sales & Advice Work 0843 515 0600 Calls cost 7p per minute plus your phone company's access charge. Customer Service0330 365 4444 Email info@gear4music.com Work Postal Kettlestring Lane, Clifton Moor, York, YO30 4XF Yamaha About Gear4music.com Launched in 2003 and now with over 590,000 customers, Gear4music.com is a leading retailer of musical instruments and music equipment. You can buy music gear from orchestral instruments to rock 'n' roll, including guitars, drum kits, digital pianos, saxophones and cellos, plus leading recording and studio equipment. From starter guitars to pro microphones and amps, the Gear4music.com online music shop has a huge range of music equipment available. Whether you're looking for a violin, keyboard, electronic drum kit or PA system, we can help. We've got some of the biggest brands in stock, including Yamaha, Roland, Casio, Fender, Ibanez, Alesis, Behringer & Gibson, as well as our own great value Gear4music music product range. To receive excellent service and a great price on your next musical instrument purchase, try us now! At NAMM 2015 Wylde had made a compelling announcement that he was to announce his own line of guitars. Sporting Zakk's trademark bullseye finish, the Odin Grail Genesis guitar is reminiscent of the... 17 Jan 2017 13:40 RME have announced the launch of their Fireface UFX II audio interface for NAMM 2017, which will be shown first at NAMM '17 in Cailfornia. Combining flexible playback operation with RME's highly... 17 Jan 2017 13:02 NAMM 2017 will see Paiste unveil their limited time run of Nicko Mcbrain's 'Treasures' alongside various add ons to their Masters, Signature, Giant Beat and Signature traditional lines. Also to be... 16 Jan 2017 13:54 Gibson have long been a household name in the guitar industry, gathering critical acclaim for their highly revered range of instruments. This year Gibson are delivering a choice of traditional and... 16 Jan 2017 13:11 Yamaha have announced an exciting collaboration with Flowkey, whose educational app that has been designed to teach the piano through intuitive and engaging means. Flowkey offers a massive... 13 Jan 2017 16:14


Sweet Slips Of the Ear: Mondegreens - The New York Times The New York Times Technology |Sweet Slips Of the Ear: Mondegreens Search Sweet Slips Of the Ear: Mondegreens By PAMELA LICALZI O'CONNELL Continue reading the main story THERE is something consoling about Web pages that collect ''mondegreens.'' Sites featuring these often hilarious examples of misheard song lyrics offer proof, at last, that botching the words to popular songs is a nearly universal human failing. Rest assured: a quick glance through the lyrical mishaps to be found on such sites is sure to reveal a mondegreen far sillier than any you have sung in the shower. How about this one: ''Hold me closer, Tony Danza'' (correct lyric: ''Hold me closer, tiny dancer,'' from Elton John's ''Tiny Dancer''). Or this: ''The girl with colitis goes by'' (correct lyric: ''The girl with kaleidoscope eyes,'' from the Beatles' ''Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds''). According to the word watcher William Safire of The New York Times, the term mondegreen dates from a 1954 magazine article by Sylvia Wright in which she said she had misheard the folk lyric ''and laid him on the green'' as ''and Lady Mondegreen.'' But it remained relatively obscure until its recent adoption by Web sites. The 1954 article employed the term to refer to any aural misinterpretation of a song, hymn, aphorism, advertising slogan, and the like. But on the Net, it applies almost exclusively to misheard lyrics, especially in rock songs. More than 1,300 bungled lyrics have been submitted by Web visitors to the mondegreen archive Kiss This Guy (www.kissthisguy.com). The name of the archive is taken from perhaps the most famous rock mondegreen of all: '' 'scuse me while I kiss this guy'' for '' 'scuse me while I kiss the sky,'' from ''Purple Haze'' by Jimi Hendrix. That mishearing has been so prevalent, legend has it, that Mr. Hendrix himself would occasionally stop and kiss a guy after singing this line in concert. Jessica Ross collects mondegreens on a site called The Ants Are My Friends, named for a common mishearing of ''the answer my friends'' from Bob Dylan's ''Blowin' in the Wind'' (www.mcs.net/bingo/ lyrics). Ms. Ross says certain performers are ripe for mondegreens: ''The most misquoted artist is Elton John, especially 'Bennie and the Jets.' Second would be the Rolling Stones. I think this is probably because most people who submit mondegreens are American, and they have a harder time understanding the Brits.'' The more unintelligible the original lyrics, the more likely it is that listeners will hear what they want to hear -- to invent their own meaning. Even though song lyrics are now easier than ever to check at Web databases like the International Lyrics Server (www.lyrics.ch), it can be difficult to shake a belief in a mondegreen that someone has been singing for years. A survey at Kiss This Guy found that 77 percent of those who had submitted mondegreens believed their versions were better than the originals and that 40 percent said they had convinced others that their lyrics were the correct ones. Advertisement


The AZERTY keyboard layout is standard in?

Keyboard Stickers - French Keyboard Stickers, AZERTY Keyboard. Can be delivered to your address in Seattle before Wednesday, January 25, 2017 for 190,72 ₽. Buy 2 or more items, get FREE priority delivery! French keyboard layout (AZERTY), designed for French character set. Whether you want to learn a new language, move to another country, or write an email to your foreign friend - make sure you enjoy it. Your keyboard can be extended with another alphabet by using our keyboard layout stickers for French. We guarantee: Clean keyboard after application and removal Permanent print protected from sudden wear-off with special coating Easy to attach and remove with included map using Pick-Stick™ applicator provided Transparent matt key tops leave no glare and don't destroy original keyboard look! Broad color range both for dark and white-colored keyboards Suitable for both desktop and laptop keys. Dark colors best fit white or cream keyboards, light colors are designed for black keyboards. Red and orange are suitable for all keyboard colors. All keyboard labels and accessories ship internationally. * All keyboard sticker products have full 30 day money-back worldwide guarantee. Keyboard Layout and Language Information Keyboard labels have been carefully designed for French language. We wanted to share some background facts on French language and corresponding alphabet French language is an official language in 31 countries forming the French-speaking community (La Francophonie). The number of French speakers is estimated to be around 130 million, and it is over 300 million considering those who use French as their second language. French keyboard stickers are designed for the standard AZERTY keyboard layout. This layout is different from QWERTY in having letter pairs (A, Q) and (Z, W) swapped, M repositioned, 0 and 9 shifted and symbol places changed. In this layout there are no special keys to make accented characters, and there are few small differences in location of symbols between French-France and French-Belgium keyboard layouts.


The expression 'sour grapes', from one of Aesop's Fables, involves which creature?

��ࡱ�>�� IK����FGH������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������q` ���bjbjqPqP �a::�{&'����������������h�h�h8�hdHj��p�jk"l"DlDlDl�q�q�q��������������$��hB�����w�q"�q�w�w���DlDlG*��~�~�~�wn��Dl�Dl���~�w���~�~*��Z6���Dlk P��B8��hFz��R��@�0p�e�f���{��������������P�q�;s �~Wt�;u��q�q�q���~j�q�q�qp��w�w�w�w����9�?$)����?�������������     Teachers� Notes  Helen Ward Unwitting Wisdom: An Anthology of Aesop�s Animal Fables The Cockerel and the Fox  Nikki Gamble and Kathryn Saeb-Parsy        Contents: Helen Ward: Biography Book Notes Unwitting Wisdom The Cockerel and the Fox Curriculum Context Author/Illustrator Study: Helen Ward Teaching Ideas Literacy ideas based on Unwitting Wisdom (KS2) Art ideas based on Unwitting Wisdom and The Cockerel and The Fox (KS2/3) Drama ideas based on The Cockerel and The Fox (KS2) Taking it Further  1. Helen Ward Helen Ward trained as an illustrator at Brighton School of Art, under the direction of well-known children's illustrators such as Raymond Briggs, Justin Todd, Chris McEwan and John Vernon Lord. In 1985, her final year at Brighton, Helen was awarded the first Walker Prize for Children's Illustration. Awards for Helen's work include The National Art Library Awards 1998 and 2001 for  HYPERLINK "http://www.templarpublishing.co.uk/picture_books/helen_ward/hare_tortoise.html" The Hare and the Tortoise and her version of Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows in the Templar Classic series. She was shortlisted for the prestigious Kate Greenaway Award in 2003 for  HYPERLINK "http://www.templarpublishing.co.uk/picture_books/helen_ward/cockerel_and_fox.html" The Cockerel and the Fox. This book also won the award in the children�s trade category at the British Book Design and Production Awards presented in November 2003. The Boat won the UKLA Children�s Book Prize 2006. 2. Book Notes 2. a


From what fruit is perry traditionally made?

The Cider Press: All About Traditional Perry | Serious Eats The Cider Press: All About Traditional Perry [ Photographs by Christopher Lehault ] Perry is to pears as cider is to apples. Perry, a fermented pear beverage, has much in common with cider in terms of history and production. Both cider and perry have early roots in Normandy, and traveled north to England by way of the Norman Invasion in the eleventh century. But it takes a pear tree almost fifty years to bear fruit, and it wasn't until the seventeenth century that pear cultivation was well established in England—centered around the Worcestershire, Gloucestershire and Herefordshire regions—where the majority of the world's traditional perry comes from today. A perry pear is gritty, tannic and acidic, which makes it somewhat similar to a cider apple. But that is where the similarities end. Perry pear tannins tend to be rounder than those found in cider apples, and the pears used for perry have less malic acid than cider apples, resulting in a beverage that is less tart and more delicate. Finally, pears contain more fruit-sugars than apples, including sorbitol, an unfermentable sugar that leaves the perry slightly sweet. Similar to champagne, most perries are naturally carbonated in the bottle. Artificial carbonation is usually reserved for common perry...perry made from the fermentation of traditional table fruit rather than inedible perry apples. What to Look For in a Perry Traditional Perry is an incredibly light, delicate beverage ranging from 4% to 8% ABV (mostly toward the lower end of that spectrum). A good perry drinks like a subtle white wine. While pear-like characteristics can be present, perry is far from a fruit bomb. While some perries finish completely dry, most perries are slightly sweet due to the aforementioned sugar content. A good perry balances this sweetness with a fair amount of contrasting tartness and slight tannic quality. When it comes to pairings, perry is a knockout with unassuming cream-based desserts such as panna cotta or creme brulee. It also works well with soft cheese and simple vegetable preparations. Our Favorite Traditional Perries Christian Drouin Poire ($13) This traditional French perry from from Rouen, France is the perfect introduction into the world of perry. At just 4% ABV, Christian Drouin Poire is highly drinkable, and its fine carbonation and light acidity make it wonderful with food. While there are some pear notes, the mineral and floral qualities lead the palate with just a touch of sweetness in the finish. AEppelTreow Perry ($18) Wisconsin's AEppleTreow perry is bursting with terroir. The "pear" flavor is quite muted; instead, AEppelTreow perry is full of complex, spicy notes. It starts off rustic and earthy but finishes delicate and sweet. We could have used a bit more acidity to balance the sweetness, but overall this is a fantastic American perry that is perfect for the adventurous drinker. Bordelet Poiré Granit ($26) A perry suited for celebrations. French cider-maker Erik Bordelet's Poiré Granit is the most complex, yet balanced perry we tasted. There is a fair amount of residual sugar but the sweetness is balanced out by a stronger level of acidity than most perries. Mineral and highly tannic at the forefront, the Poiré Granit finishes with hints of caramel and big, floral notes. This one of the few perries that will hold up to more substantial pairings including butter based sauces, fish dishes, and simple white meat preparations. A perry worth seeking out; serve it instead of champagne. About the author: Christopher Lehault is a New Jersey-based cider journalist, craft beer documentarian, and home brewer. Follow his cider adventures on Facebook , Google+ , and Twitter .


Cytoplasm | Define Cytoplasm at Dictionary.com cytoplasm [sahy-tuh-plaz-uh m] /ˈsaɪ təˌplæz əm/ Spell noun, Cell Biology. 1. the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles. Origin of cytoplasm Examples from the Web for cytoplasm Expand Historical Examples The limitation of development in a particular case lies in the cytoplasm rather than in the nuclei of the cells. Darwin and Modern Science A.C. Seward and Others Around these the cytoplasm becomes segmented, giving rise to the well-known corps en rosace. Darwin and Modern Science A.C. Seward and Others cytoplasm: the protoplasm of a cell exclusive of nucleus; the cell body. British Dictionary definitions for cytoplasm Expand noun 1. the protoplasm of a cell contained within the cell membrane but excluding the nucleus: contains organelles, vesicles, and other inclusions Derived Forms Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for cytoplasm Expand cytoplasm cy·to·plasm (sī'tə-plāz'əm) n. The protoplasm outside a cell nucleus. cy'to·plas'mic (-plāz'mĭk) adj. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. cytoplasm   (sī'tə-plāz'əm)     The jellylike material that makes up much of a cell inside the cell membrane, and, in eukaryotic cells, surrounds the nucleus. The organelles of eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and (in green plants) chloroplasts, are contained in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm and the nucleus make up the cell's protoplasm. See more at cell . The American Heritage® Science Dictionary Copyright © 2002. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.


In motion-detection and automated lighting sensors what does PIR mean?

How do motion sensing lights and burglar alarms work? | HowStuffWorks How do motion sensing lights and burglar alarms work? Michael Ledray/ Dreamstime.com There are many different ways to create a motion sensor. For example: It is common for stores to have a beam of light crossing the room near the door, and a photosensor on the other side of the room. When a customer breaks the beam, the photosensor detects the change in the amount of light and rings a bell. Many grocery stores have automatic door openers that use a very simple form of radar to detect when someone passes near the door. The box above the door sends out a burst of microwave radio energy and waits for the reflected energy to bounce back. When a person moves into the field of microwave energy, it changes the amount of reflected energy or the time it takes for the reflection to arrive, and the box opens the door. Since these devices use radar, they often set off radar detectors . The same thing can be done with ultrasonic sound waves, bouncing them off a target and waiting for the echo. All of these are active sensors. They inject energy (light, microwaves or sound) into the environment in order to detect a change of some sort. More Security Gadgets Stun Guns The "motion sensing" feature on most lights (and security systems) is a passive system that detects infrared energy. These sensors are therefore known as PIR (passive infrared) detectors or pyroelectric sensors. In order to make a sensor that can detect a human being, you need to make the sensor sensitive to the temperature of a human body. Humans, having a skin temperature of about 93 degrees F, radiate infrared energy with a wavelength between 9 and 10 micrometers. Therefore, the sensors are typically sensitive in the range of 8 to 12 micrometers. The devices themselves are simple electronic components not unlike a photosensor. The infrared light bumps electrons off a substrate, and these electrons can be detected and amplified into a signal. You have probably noticed that your light is sensitive to motion, but not to a person who is standing still. That's because the electronics package attached to the sensor is looking for a fairly rapid change in the amount of infrared energy it is seeing. When a person walks by, the amount of infrared energy in the field of view changes rapidly and is easily detected. You do not want the sensor detecting slower changes, like the sidewalk cooling off at night. Your motion sensing light has a wide field of view because of the lens covering the sensor. Infrared energy is a form of light , so you can focus and bend it with plastic lenses. But it's not like there is a 2-D array of sensors in there. There is a single (or sometimes two) sensors inside looking for changes in infrared energy.  If you have a burglar alarm with motion sensors, you may have noticed that the motion sensors cannot "see" you when you are outside looking through a window. That is because glass is not very transparent to infrared energy. This, by the way, is the basis of a greenhouse. Light passes through the glass into the greenhouse and heats things up inside the greenhouse. The glass is then opaque to the infrared energy these heated things are emitting, so the heat is trapped inside the greenhouse. It makes sense that a motion detector sensitive to infrared energy cannot see through glass windows. See the next page for more information.  1


What metaphor aptly refers to the marketing of US multinational US corporation Bausch and Lomb?

Bausch Lomb Regional Organization Free Essays Bausch Lomb Regional Organization Bausch and Lomb For the first time in the company’s history, Bausch and Lomb (B&L) found... themselves losing market share to their competitors in the contact lens division (CLD). This caused Daniel Gill CEO and Harold Johnson, president of the contact lens division, to make a dramatic change to their sales strategy. Bausch and Lomb didn’t consider the effect it would have on their reputation, shareholders, and financial statements. Bausch and Lomb’s Perspective Bausch and Lomb felt the pressure... Accounts receivable, Balance sheet, Bausch & Lomb 1067  Words | 3  Pages Bausch and Lomb, Inc (a) 1. What is the impact of the December 1993 shipments of conventional lenses to Bausch and Lomb 1993 financial statements? Is the... impact significant? The impact was:- i) Increased revenue by $22M ii) Reduced inventory by 1.8 million pair. Based on the COGS of 45%, this could mean a reduction in inventory of close to $10M. iii) There is very little increase in SG&A as not much was spend in terms of sales effort. iv) AR increased significantly with some of the promissory notes are payable in... Cost of goods sold, Income statement, International Financial Reporting Standards 1065  Words | 4  Pages Bausch & Lomb Case Study Bausch  &  Lomb  Case   Study    MAR5416              Question   1:   What   do   you...  think   of   the   way   that   management   team    handled   the   reorganization   of   the   sales   organization?       The   reorganization   was   intended   to   merge   the   region’s   four   sales   forces   into   one.      I    believe   that   Bausch  &  Lomb  should   have   handled... Bausch & Lomb, Contact lens, Management 1654  Words | 51  Pages Bausch & Lomb Harvard Case Study: Bausch & Lomb: Regional Organization Case Overview    The Daniel Gill, the... chairman and CEO faces the possibility of changing the organizational structure of Europe, Asia/Pacific, and the Western Hemisphere. The current organization includes an International Division which oversees production and marketing for countries outside the United States. The goal of changing the organizational structure of these three regions is to increase sales growth internationally and decentralize... Bausch & Lomb, Decision making, Globalization 2252  Words | 8  Pages Bausch and Lomb CASE 1 –BUSTAMANTE CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL-WARD 5(FIRM ‘C’)- COMPLICATED MENINGITIS IN A SIX YEAR OLD GIRL DEMOGRAPGIC DATA | | E. B | 6 YEARS | STUDENT |... ADDRESS: ELLICKS , CLARENDON | CHRISTIANITY(SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST) | DATE OF ADMISSION: 29.01.2013 | HISTORIAN: C. B. (Guardian, lives with patient) History This six year old patient has no known chronic illnesses and was well until six days prior to presentation when she began experiencing a severe frontal, non- radiating headache... Bacteria, Cerebrospinal fluid, Common cold 946  Words | 4  Pages Organization ORGANIZATION GROUP FLOW In an organization, communication flows in 5 main directions-  1. Downward   2. Upward   3.... Lateral   4. Diagonal   5. External   6. Laissez-faire  1. Downward Flow of Communication: Communication that flows from a higher level in an organization to a lower level is a downward communication. In other words, communication from superiors to subordinates in a chain of command is a downward communication. This communication flow is used by the managers to... Communication, Leader, Leadership 1233  Words | 5  Pages Organization Organizational Behavior-II Faculty: Dr. Neerpal Rathi  Course Objectives: An organization does not really accomplish anything on its own.... Plans do not accomplish anything either. Endeavors succeed or fail because of the people involved. Apart from their own personality attributes, peoples’ efforts in an organization are also influenced by the changes in economic, technological and social conditions, inside and outside the organization. The course Organizational Behavior-II is planned and designed to help..


The Japanese food word sushi referred originally to?

Makizushi Are Japanese Sushi Rolls With Various Fillings By Setsuko Yoshizuka Updated December 01, 2016. Makizushi is a type of Japanese sushi roll filled with various fillings. The term makizushi refers to the fact that the sushi is rolled, where "maki", means "to roll" and "zushi" is the conjugated version of the word "sushi". Makizushi is the most well-known type of sushi outside of Japan. Makizushi are also referred to "nori maki" or "norimaki", because the sushi rice and fillings are all wrapped up, or rolled inside roasted dried seaweed, or " nori " as it is referred to it in Japanese cuisine. Makizushi and norimaki are often used interchangeably as a general category for sushi rolls, and can also refer to larger or fatter sushi rolls, such as futomaki . On the other hand, thin sushi rolls are referred to as "hosomaki" or thin sushi rolls. Typically, thin hosomaki style sushi rolls have only one filling ingredient.  Versions and Variations of Makizushi Some classic and popular versions of thin makizushi sushi rolls include: Tekka-maki (raw tuna sashimi rolls) continue reading below our video How to Prevent Your Cutting Board from Sliding Kappa-maki (cucumber rolls) Shinko-maki (takuan, yellow pickled daikon rolls) Other variations of makizushi sushi rolls include: Raw salmon sashimi and cream cheese rolls Shibazuke rolls (eggplant pickled with shiso) To make makizushi, sushi rice and various ingredients are rolled in nori (dried seaweed) then sliced into bite-sized pieces, perfect for eating sushi in one small bite. It's the perfect finger food! Makizushi is often dipped in soy sauce, and served with wasabi (Japanese spicy horseradish) and pickled ginger known as "gari shoga". Makizushi is perfect for appetizers or finger food at parties or potlucks. In Japan, it is often prepared for celebrations. Versions of makizushi with vegetable or pickle fillings may also be included in a Japanese bento lunch. Canned tuna, vegetables and eggs may also be used as fillings. In the refrigerated deli section of supermarkets in Japan, pre-made makizushi is often available. Today, in Japanese grocery stores across the United States, and other countries as well, pre-made makizushi is also being sold. Tips for Making Makizushi Use pre-made dried sushi rice mixes available in packets. Use pre-made, bottled and seasoned sushi vinegar available for sale at Japanese grocery stores. The inside of the makizushi should just be rice, no seaweed. To ensure this, when you put the rice onto the seaweed, don’t place it directly in the middle. You need to leave about a 5-millimeter gap between the rice and seaweed on one side and then on the other has to be about a 3-centimeter gap. You should also layer the rice about 5 millimeters thick and flatten it out so the rice on the ends is slightly thicker than the middle.


The diacritical mark resembling a wavy hyphen (here shown above the letter ñ) is called a?

tilde : definition of tilde and synonyms of tilde (English) LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE U+00D1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE U+00D5 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE U+00E3 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE U+00F1 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE U+00F5 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE U+0128 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE U+0129 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE U+0168 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE U+0169 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE U+019F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+022C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON U+022D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON U+026B LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D6C LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D6D LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D6E LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D6F LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D70 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D71 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D72 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D73 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK AND MIDDLE TILDE U+1D74 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D75 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1D76 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH MIDDLE TILDE U+1E1A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH TILDE BELOW U+1E1B LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE BELOW U+1E2C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE BELOW U+1E2D LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE BELOW U+1E4C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND ACUTE U+1E4D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND ACUTE U+1E4E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND DIAERESIS U+1E4F LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND DIAERESIS U+1E74 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE BELOW U+1E75 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE BELOW U+1E78 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE AND ACUTE U+1E79 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE AND ACUTE U+1E7C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH TILDE U+1E7D LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH TILDE U+1EAA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE U+1EAB LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE U+1EB4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE U+1EB5 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE U+1EBC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH TILDE U+1EBD LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE U+1EC4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE U+1EC5 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE U+1ED6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE U+1ED7 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE U+1EE0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE U+1EE1 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE U+1EEE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE U+1EEF LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE U+1EF8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH TILDE U+1EF9 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH TILDE U+2C62


What note is produced at the twelfth fret of the top (highest pitched) string on a conventionally tuned guitar?

Acoustic Masters - Tuning   Scale length, fret positioning,      tuning and intonation. In my previous article I focused on the structure and materials used      in building guitar necks. This time we’ll take a look at scale      length, fret spacing, tuning, intonation and how the neck dimensions      relate to tuning. Scale length Scale length is one of the basic measurements that determines the size      or scale of a stringed instrument and therefore the length of the neck.      On fretted instruments this is a design value, used as the starting      point for calculating fret positions. Although it is often described      as being the vibrating length of the strings this isn’t really      true, since string lengths are always slightly longer than the scale      length to allow for intonation compensation (see the section on intonation      compensation). The most accurate way to determine the scale length of      a (conventionally fretted) guitar is to measure from the inside face      of the nut (or the middle of the zero fret if the instrument has one)      to the middle of the twelfth fret and then double this measurement.      As we will see later, even this isn’t accurate for those very      few instruments that have nut compensation. Scale length, instrument pitch, tone and string construction are closely      related and early instrument design was constrained by the relatively      crude string technology of the time. There is still no fixed standard      scale length for steel strung acoustic guitar and it’s not unknown      for manufacturers to make the same model of guitar in a choice of scale      lengths. Typical scale lengths used today for the steel strung acoustic      guitar range from 24.9 to 26.44 inches. Martin commonly uses 25.4 inches      and Taylor 25.5 inches (approx. 645mm and 648mm, see Issue 04 for Doyle      Dykes comments about his new Taylor 24 and 7/8 inch – 632mm approx.,      short scale guitar). Classical guitar scale length has today settled on an almost standard      scale of 650mm although classical guitars are made with scale lengths      ranging from 640mm up to 665mm. The ancestors of the modern guitar, the early four course guitar and      the Vihuela, had a scale length of around 540mm for the guitar and somewhere      around 720mm to 798mm for the Vihuela, so the modern guitar has wound      up between the two. The scale length of an instrument has a number of implications for      the guitarist. Given the same strings, a guitar with a shorter scale      length has noticeably less string tension than a guitar with a longer      scale length, tuned to the same pitch. As scale length changes so does      the fret spacing and this affects playability. Scale lengths may vary      by perhaps as much as an inch (25.4mm) and this has a surprisingly large      effect on tone. Longer, higher tensioned strings are louder with a well      defined bass, while shorter slacker strings are quieter and not as strong      in the bass, but can produce a warm attractive tone. However an experienced      luthier, having chosen for example, a short scale length, can tune the      soundboard and bracing to get the best from the shorter scale. A player may feel a shorter scale length extends their technique by      allowing a wider spread of intervals under the hand and may try compensating      for tonal difference by using heavier strings. Guitars with longer scale      lengths are a better choice for use in dropped tunings since their operating      tension is higher. To recap - Scale length, playability versus tone Short scale guitars with their lower string tension and closer fret      spacing are easier to play, but longer scale lengths provide richer      tone and may sound more in tune. This effect of longer scale le


What intangible communication aid did Dr Ludwig Zamenhof create c.1880, 'to foster harmony between people of different nations'?

Peace Research Update (One World, Many Peaces) One World, Many Peaces Peace Research Update Below is the complete Peace Research Updates of 2009, the 2010 is available in subscribable form here . Week of December 16-December 24, 2009 (Focus on Peace and Judaism, Part 5 of 5 weekly segments on Peace and World Religions): Robinson, G., and M. Klein; Watzman. "A Possible Peace between Israel and Palestine: An Insider's Account of the Geneva Initiative." International Journal of Middle East Studies  41, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 671-672. Abarjel, R., and S. Lavie. "A Year into the Lebanon War: NGO-ing Mizrahi-Arab Paradoxes, and a One State Vision for Palestine/Israel *." Left Curve  no. 33 (January 1, 2009): 29-36,144.      The "peace camp" progenitors orchestrated the Nakba ["catastrophe" in Arabic, by which Palestinians refer to their expulsion in 1948 -ed.] With the collapse of the Israeli government in Summer 2008, the polls predicted that in the forthcoming February 10, 2009 elections, the Right Wing block, led by Bibi Netanyahu, would receive a 65-70 mandate in a 120 seats Knesset. In a cyclical pattern, the Israeli establishment expands its military control over non-Jewish civilians beyond the everyday curfews, roadblocks, land appropriations, house demolitions and targeted killings.   Abrams, E., and M. Singh. "SPOILERS: The End of the Peace Process." World Affairs  172, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 69-76.      Many Palestinians, while still placing faith in an agreement that would deliver their long-awaited statehood, see the alternatives-whether engaging in armed conflict or pushing for a single multiethnic state-as increasingly attractive. Since the end of the Oslo process in 2000, the growing drift between these two positions has produced on the Israeli side a cynicism marked by paroxysms of despair, and on the Palestinian and Arab sides by a hardening of positions. [...] Arab states should find ways to reach out to Israel beyond the confines of the Peace Initiative-whether by increasing commercial cooperation or by agreeing to visits and visible diplomatic exchanges, thus persuading Israelis that peace is possible and will yield concrete dividends.   Alatout, S.. "Walls as Technologies of Government: The Double Construction of Geographies of Peace and Conflict in Israeli Politics, 2002-Present." Association of American Geographers. Annals of the Association of American Geographers  99, no. 5 (December 1, 2009): 956.      Since 2002, consecutive Israeli governing coalitions have been building a separation wall in the West Bank for the declared purposes of security and separation from the Palestinian population. Building on earlier phases of control, which relied on military orders, cantonment, roadblocks, and checkpoints, the wall functions as a regime of government that colonizes Palestinian life by regulating every nexus of body and space and population and territory. Rather than establishing peace, the wall's regime of government uses separation as a double construction of peace and conflict that isolates peace on the Israeli side and conflict on the Palestinian side.   Anonymous, . "Letters to the Editor." The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs  28, no. 9 (December 1, 2009): 5-6.      Josh Wessler, New York, NY Just as illegal drug and weapons trafficking funds political turmoil and terrorism in South America, Afghanistan and Africa, Jewish organized crime funds illegal Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, and is also used to corrupt Israeli and American politicians alike. An Abrahamic Approach Notwithstanding the fact that Ms. Rachelle Marshall is a member of Jewish Voice for Peace, which happens to be identified with the Israel Lobby [see Henry Hershkovitz's letter to the editor in the November 2009 issue], one has to admire her objectivity in reporting the plight of the Palestinians in Israel and under Israeli occupation.   Avnery, U.. "The Drama and the Farce: Obama's Mini Mideast Summit." The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs  28, no. 8 (November 1, 2009):   Obama had demanded a freez


Static electricity is fundamentally produced by?

Charging by Friction Static Electricity - Lesson 2 - Methods of Charging Charging by Friction Grounding - the Removal of a Charge In Lesson 1 , it was explained that atoms are the building blocks of matter. Furthermore, it was explained that material objects are made of different types of atoms and combinations of atoms. The presence of different atoms in objects provides different objects with different electrical properties. One such property is known as electron affinity. Simply put, the property of electron affinity refers to the relative amount of love that a material has for electrons. If atoms of a material have a high electron affinity, then that material will have a relatively high love for electrons. This property of electron affinity will be of utmost importance as we explore one of the most common methods of charging - charging by friction or rubbing. Suppose that a rubber balloon is rubbed with a sample of animal fur. During the rubbing process, the atoms of the rubber are forced into close proximity with the atoms of the animal fur. The electron clouds of the two types of atoms are pressed together and are brought closer to the nuclei of the other atoms. The protons in the atoms of one material begin to interact with the electrons present on the other material. Amidst the sound of crackling air, you might even be able to hear the atoms saying, "I like your electrons." And of course, the atoms of one material - in this case, the atoms of rubber - are more serious about their claim for electrons. As such, the atoms of rubber begin to take electrons from the atoms of animal fur. When the rubbing has ceased, the two objects have become charged. The procedure of rubbing a rubber balloon against your hair is quite easily performed. You might try it now if you've never performed it. When done, you will likely notice that the rubber balloon and your hair will attract each other. On a dry day, you might even be able to let go of the balloon and have it adhere to your hair. (You will also probably notice that the procedure will initiate a bad hair day. Sorry.) This attraction between the two charged objects is evidence that the objects being charged are charged with an opposite type of charge. One is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. How does this happen? How does the simple rubbing together of two objects cause the objects to become charged and charged oppositely?   How Charging by Friction Works The frictional charging process results in a transfer of electrons between the two objects that are rubbed together. Rubber has a much greater attraction for electrons than animal fur. As a result, the atoms of rubber pull electrons from the atoms of animal fur, leaving both objects with an imbalance of charge. The rubber balloon has an excess of electrons and the animal fur has a shortage of electrons. Having an excess of electrons, the rubber balloon is charged negatively. Similarly, the shortage of electrons on the animal fur leaves it with a positive charge. The two objects have become charged with opposite types of charges as a result of the transfer of electrons from the least electron-loving material to the most electron-loving material. Frictional charging is often demonstrated in Physics class. Two rubber balloons can be suspended from the ceiling and hung at approximately head height. When rubbed upon a teacher's head, the balloons became charged as electrons are transferred from the teacher's fur to the balloons. Since the teacher's fur lost electrons, it became positively charged and the subsequent attraction between the two rubbed objects could be observed. Of course, when the teacher pulls away from the balloons, the balloons experienced a repulsive interaction for each other.   As mentioned, different materials have different affinities for electrons. By rubbing a variety of materials against each other and testing their resulting interaction with objects of known charge, the tested materials can be ordered according to their affinity for electrons. Such an ordering of substances is know


Which country, the world's fifth-largest, is named after its first export?

Largest Countries in the World, Top 10 Biggest Countries by Area Africa 2,381,741 Russia's geographical position is commonly described as "Eurasia". Its Asian part alone has larger area as compared to an entire country. As the largest country in the Western Hemisphere, Canada has the longest coastline. Its border with the United States is the world's longest land border. Slighter smaller in area than Canada, the United States of America is bordered by Mexico to the south and Canada to the north. It has the world's most fertile growing areas. China shares its border with 14 different countries, including Afghanistan to the east, Russia to the north, and Vietnam to the south. It is also home to 56 recognized ethnic groups. As the largest country in South America, Brazil is the home to the world's largest rainforest named as the Amazon. Also, it has a lengthy Atlantic coastline on the eastern side. As the largest country in Oceania, Australia is a continental landmass and not an island. The country is well known for its extreme climate and wildlife. With rapidly changing boundaries over the past century, India has China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal sharing their borders with it. It was once separated from Asia by a particular sea. As the largest Spanish-speaking nation in the world, Argentina has a varied climate and geography. Its southern tip, Cape Horn is the stormiest location available on Earth. Formerly part of the USSR, Kazakhstan has been the largest nation in the world for most of the 20th century. It is also the largest landlocked country on the globe. Algeria is situated in Northern Africa and has a majority of its desert regions highly elevated. The Algerian Sahara desert extends all the way to the south of Algeria past its borders with Mali and Niger The world's ten biggest countries by size are ranked based on information from the CIA World Factbook. The numbers shown are based on the total land area of each country, including both land and water areas within the international boundaries. Russia is the largest country in the world by a wide margin, covering 17,098,242 square kilometers. Russia stretches across Eurasia, spanning nine time zones and covering about an eighth of the inhabited land area of the Earth. The next largest country is also located in the far north. Canada covers the northern part of the Western Hemisphere, with a total area of 9,984,670 square kilometers. The United States and China are next on the list, so close in size that their positions are sometimes reversed, depending on the inclusion of particular territories and water areas. Just behind China and the USA is the largest country in South America, Brazil, with an area of 8,514,877 square miles, followed by Australia with an area of 7,692,024 square kilometers. Rounding out the top ten are the much smaller countries of India, Argentina, Kazakhstan and Algeria. Interactive Map of Largest Countries in the World The map of the ten largest countries by area is an interactive map of the world showing the largest countries. Hover your mouse over each of the top ten countries to see their areas in square kilometers. You must be Interested to Know


Which country's name, existing 1929-2003, meant 'South Slavs'?

South Slavs : definition of South Slavs and synonyms of South Slavs (English)     Countries where a South Slavic language is official language of the entire territory. The South Slavs constitute the southern ethnographical branch of the Slavic peoples ; a group of related ethnic groups that speak South Slavic languages , native to the Balkan peninsula , southern Pannonian Plain and eastern Alps . They number close to 40 million, and include the Bulgarians , Serbs , Croats , ethnic Macedonians , Slovenes , Bosniaks , Montenegrins , including some miniature ethnic groups. They are the main population of the Central- and Southern European countries of Bulgaria , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Republic of Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia and Slovenia . Their territories are separated from the rest of the Slavic nations since the 15th century by the modern non-Slavic states of Austria , Hungary and Romania , leading to a differing historical progression for the South Slav nations in relation to the West- and East Slavs . Contents Main article: Early Slavs Little is known about the Slavs before the 5th century. Their history prior to this can only be tentatively hypothesized via archeological and linguistic studies. Much of what we know about their history after the 6th century is from the works of Byzantine historians. In his work De Bellis, Procopius portrays the Slavs as unusually tall and strong, with a tan complexion and reddish-blonde hair, living a rugged and primitive life. They lived in huts, often distant from one another and often changed their place of abode. They were not ruled by a single leader, but for a long time lived in a "democracy" (i.e. anarchy[ citation needed ]). John of Ephesus , in his Ecclesiastical History portrays the Slavs as extremely violent people. [1] They probably believed in many Gods, but Procopius suggests they believed in one, perhaps supreme god. He has often been identified as Perun , the creator of lightning. The Slavs went into battle on foot, charging straight at their enemy, armed with spears and small shields, but they did not wear armour. This information is supplanted by Pseudo-Maurice's work Strategikon , describing the Slavs as a numerous but disorganised and leaderless people, resistant to hardship and not allowing themselves to be enslaved or conquered. They made their homes in forests, by rivers and wetlands. [2] Jordanes states that the Slavs "have their homelands on the Danube , not far from the northern bank." Subsequent information about early Slavic states and the Slavs' interaction with the Greeks comes from De Administrando Imperio by Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus , the compilations of Miracles of St. Demetrius, History by Theophylact Simocatta and the Royal Frankish Annals .   Migrations and postulated homeland Further information: Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps Before haplogroups were identified by genetic tests scholars tended to place the Slavic Urheimat in the Pripet marshes of Ukraine , or alternatively between the Bug and the Dniepr . [3] In the 5th century Slavs are mentioned as living north of the Danube in the written sources from that era. [3] From the 5th century, they supposedly spread outward in all directions. The Balkans was one of the regions which lay in the path of the expanding Slavs. Nowadays we know that Slavic haplogroups expanded Eastward rather the Westward, but the question of a Slavic homeland remains still open. Regarding the Slavs mentioned by 6th century Byzantine chroniclers, Florin Curta states that their 'homeland' was north of the Danube and not in the Belorussian-Ukrainian borderlands. [4] He clarifies that their itinerant form of agriculture (they lacked the knowledge of crop rotation) "may have encouraged mobility on a micro regional scale". Material culture from the Danube suggests that there was an evolution of Slavic society between the early 7th century and the 8th century. As the Byzantines re-asserted the Danubian defences in the mid 6th century, the Slavs' yield of pillaged goods dropped. As a reaction to


The human brain's frontal lobe, chiefly processing cognitive functions relating to reward, attention, short-term memory tasks, planning, motivation, etc., is fully mature at (very) approximately what age?

lish2 Symptomsand syndromes with regional affiliations | Kraeplinpsychiatry's Blog lish2 Symptomsand syndromes with regional affiliations Posted on June 19, 2010 by kraeplinpsychiatry Page 21 Chapter 2: Symptoms and Syndromes with Regional AffiliationsCertain psychological manifestations deserve particular attention because they are sometimes found in association with relatively circumscribed brain lesions. In every case they can also be seen with pathology which involves the brain diffusely or disturbs its functions widely, so their presence is not by any means a certain indication of a single localised lesion. Nevertheless when they emerge as isolated defects, or stand out prominently against a background of mild impairment of other cerebral functions, they command especial care in the search for focal pathology. What we ask of psychological symptoms as guides to focal pathology must be considerably less than we expect of neurological signs. The latter will often point with fair precision to the site of the lesion, but psychological symptoms can often tell us little more than that the pathology is unlikely to be diffuse. The careful analysis of dysphasia or of visual perceptual deficits may take us some way towards assessing the site of the lesion, but even here we must usually be content with rather broad indications of the areas of brain that fail to function. Thus with rare exceptions there remains uncertainty about the ’regional’ as opposed to the ’focal’ implications of most of the syndromes considered in this chapter. Some of them will be found to owe their origin, in different patients, to focal lesions in a variety of sites. The majority of focal psychological symptoms represent defects of cognitive functioning. Less can be said with certainty about the focal significance of emotional, motivational or ’personality’ abnormalities. ’Psychotic’ symptoms in particular elude clear ties to focal brain pathology, and here other determinants are known to be more important. Nevertheless, certain non-cognitive disorders and even some psychotic manifestations do show interesting regional affiliations, and these will also be briefly reviewed. Strictly focal brain damage or dysfunction is rare, except when produced by operations on the brain. In naturally occurring disease we see merely a focal emphasis in pathology, with effects which are then compounded by the effects of damage elsewhere. Focal head injury, for example, is usually accompanied by brain damage remote from the site of principal destruction; epileptic disturbances which originate focally disrupt other cerebral systems more or less widely; and circumscribed tumours produce distant effects by distortion of brain tissue, vascular complications or raised intracranial pressure. It is not surprising, therefore, that knowledge of regional cerebral disorder has been slow to accumulate and raises many areas of controversy. Brain imaging by computerised tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the more recent development of sophisticated functional imaging techniques, now hold promise of clarifying some of the problems in this area. Evidence from work with animals has given important leads, but even so has obvious limitations. It has also sometimes produced results which have appeared to undermine the supposition that discrete lesions can produce discrete defects of function. Thus both laboratory work and clinical observation have taken part in determining the swings of the pendulum between holistic and atomistic theories of brain function which have characterised progress during the past 100 years. Historical development Holistic views of brain function fitted well with early humoral theories of the mind and appeared to be upheld by the early experiments of Flourens (1824) in the first part of the 19th century. It was shown that piecemeal removal of the pigeon’s cerebral hemispheres produced a decline in many abilities, so that by the time they were blind the birds were also unable to learn. In the 20th century the influential work of Lashley (1929) ag


Muscovite, used in electrical capacitors, is a processed form of what geological mineral?

Muscovite Mineral | Uses and Properties Muscovite The most abundant mica is used in a variety of construction materials and manufactured products. Muscovite: Bladed muscovite from the Nuristan Province of Afghanistan with a crystal of pink morganite beryl. Specimen is approximately 2 1/4 x 2 x 1 1/2 inches (5.9 x 4.8 x 3.4 centimeters). Specimen and photo by Arkenstone / www.iRocks.com . What is Muscovite? Muscovite is the most common mineral of the mica family. It is an important rock-forming mineral present in igneous , metamorphic , and sedimentary rocks . Like other micas it readily cleaves into thin transparent sheets. Muscovite sheets have a pearly to vitreous luster on their surface. If they are held up to the light, they are transparent and nearly colorless, but most have a slight brown, yellow, green, or rose-color tint. The ability of muscovite to split into thin transparent sheets - sometimes up to several feet across - gave it an early use as window panes. In the 1700s it was mined for this use from pegmatites in the area around Moscow, Russia. These panes were called "muscovy glass" and that term is thought to have inspired the mineral name "muscovite." Sheet muscovite is an excellent insulator, and that makes it suitable for manufacturing specialized parts for electrical equipment. Scrap, flake, and ground muscovite are used as fillers and extenders in a variety of paints, surface treatments, and manufactured products. The pearlescent luster of muscovite makes it an important ingredient that adds "glitter" to paints, ceramic glazes, and cosmetics. Physical Properties of Muscovite Used in the manufacturing of paint, joint compound, plastics rubber, asphalt roofing, cosmetics, drilling mud. Physical Properties Muscovite is easily identified because its perfect cleavage allows it to be split into thin, flexible, elastic, colorless, transparent sheets with a pearly to vitreous luster. It is the only common mineral with these properties. Muscovite: Muscovite from Stoneham, Maine. Specimen is approximately 4 inches (10 centimeters) across. Hand specimens of this size and thickness often appear to have a black, brown, or silver color; however, when they are split into thin sheets, the clear transparent nature of muscovite is revealed. Thin sheets often have a slight tint of brown, green, yellow, or rose. The best way to learn about minerals is to study with a collection of small specimens that you can handle, examine, and observe their properties. Inexpensive mineral collections are available in the Geology.com Store . An Important Rock-Forming Mineral Muscovite is found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks .  In igneous rocks, it is a primary mineral that is especially common in granitic rocks. In granite pegmatites, muscovite is often found in large crystals with a pseudohexagonal outline. These crystals are called "books" because they can be split into paper-thin sheets. Muscovite rarely occurs in igneous rocks of intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic composition. Muscovite can form during the regional metamorphism of argillaceous rocks. The heat and pressure of metamorphism transforms clay minerals into tiny grains of mica which enlarge as metamorphism progresses. Muscovite can occur as isolated grains in schist and gneiss , or it can be abundant enough that the rocks are called "mica schist" or "micaceous gneiss." Muscovite is not especially resistant to chemical weathering. It is quickly transformed into clay minerals.  Tiny flakes of muscovite sometimes survive long enough to be incorporated into sediments and immature sedimentary rocks. It is evidence that these sediments and rocks have not been subjected to severe weathering. Muscovite schist: A specimen of muscovite schist. Muscovite is formed during the metamorphism of argillaceous rocks. Specimen shown is about two inches (five centimeters) across. Chemical Composition Muscovite is a potassium-rich mica with the following generalized composition... KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 In this formula potassium is sometimes repl


Which nation's 'national anthem' is known as 'Qaumi Tarana' and alternatively 'Pak Sarzamin' (sacred land)?

Qaumi - Meaning And Origin Of The Name Qaumi | NAMEANING.NET Qaumi Name Number: 7 Meaning: Inner, Thought, Mind, Psychology, Secret, Mystic, Strange, Study, Knowledge, Loneliness, Rest Songs about Qaumi: Hamara Parcham Qaumi Parcham by Nahid Akhtar from the Album Hits By Nahid Akhtar Pakistan [Qaumi Tarana (National Anthem), "Blessed be the sacred land?"] by Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra from the Album The Complete National Anthems of the World (2013 Edition) Pakistan [Qaumi Tarana (National Anthem), "Blessed be the sacred land?"] by Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra from the Album The Complete National Anthems of the World (2013 Edition), Vol. 7 Pakistan [Qaumi Tarana (National Anthem), "Blessed be the sacred land?"] by Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra from the Album National Anthems of the Commonwealth (Melbourne 2006 Edition) Qaumi Tarana by Naghaman Jafri from the Album I Love You Pakistan Qaumi Tarana - Pak Sarzamin (The Pure Land) (The Pakistani Football / Soccer Anthem - Pakistan) by The One World Ensemble from the Album 60 Football Anthems - National Songs from Soccer Nations Qaumi Tarana - Pak Sarzamin (The Pure Land) (The Pakistani National Anthem - Pakistan) by The One World Ensemble from the Album National Anthems of the World - Vol. 3 Wiki information Qaumi:


What popular Australian bird is named after an ancient stringed instrument?

Lyra Lyra Clues   to the meaning of this celestial feature Mercury found the body of a tortoise cast up by the Nile, and discovered   that by striking the sinews after the flesh was consumed a musical note   was obtained. He made a lyre of similar shape, having   three strings, and gave it to Orpheus, the son of Calliope, who by its   music enchanted the beasts, birds and rocks. After Orpheus was slain   by the Thracian women, Jupiter placed the lyre in heaven at the request   of Apollo and the Muses. This constellation was often called Vultur Cadens, or the Falling Grype by the   ancients. [ Fixed   Stars and Constellations in Astrology , Vivian E. Robson, 1923,   p.50.]  This musical instrument, the Lyre of Orpheus,   is a testimony to the love and longing felt by Orpheus for his wife   Eurydice who died from the bite of a poisonous snake. Overcome by grief   he started singing the lyrics of mourning songs to the music of his   lyre, causing all who heard him to weep, including the gods. Orpheus was determined to get Eurydice back. He descended into the   Underworld and used his lyre and voice to charm his way to the realm   of Hades wife Persephone to petition them to let his wife return with   him to earth. She was allowed to follow him. However, he forgot the   one condition imposed on him, not to look back at her until they both   reached the upper world. "He had stepped out joyfully into the daylight.   Then he turned to her. It was too soon; she was still in the cavern.   He saw her in the dim light, and he held out his arms to clasp her;   but on the instant she was gone. She had slipped back into the darkness.   All he heard was one faint word, 'Farewell'" [ The   story of Orpheus and Eurydice ]. Following his failure to rescue Eurydice from Hades, Orpheus wandered   through the wild solitudes of Thrace, always playing with his lyre.  The New Patterns in the Sky , Julius D.W. Staal, p.185 Lyra represents the lyre, an ancient   stringed musical instrument. Lyra has titles identifying it with a variety   of stringed instruments and some of these names might be due to a lack   of knowledge of what a lyre was. That there was a difference between   the lyre and the cithara is certain. Hermes invented the lyre, and Apollo   invented the cithara (the zither and guitar are related to this word). "The lyre and chelys on the one hand,   and the cithara and phorminx on the other, were similar or nearly identical" [ 1 ]. Aratos called   Lyra Khelus olige, the Little Tortoise   or Shell; Greek Khelus is equivalent to the   Latin word Chelys (olige from Greek oligos, meaning 'little'). The chelys or lyre is a stringed musical instrument which had a vaulted   back of tortoise-shell, or of wood shaped like that shell. The word cizelys was used in allusion to the oldest lyre of   the Greeks which was said to have been invented by Hermes. According   to tradition he was attracted by sounds of music while walking on the   banks of the Nile, and found they proceeded from the shell of a tortoise   across which were stretched tendons which the wind had set in vibration   (Homeric Hymn to Hermes, 475 I) [ 2 ].   Pausanias says that it was in Khelydorea ('rich in   Tortoises') adjoining Mount Kyllene, in Arcadia, that Hermes is said   to have found a tortoise and made the lyre [ 3 ]. All living turtles belong to the crown group Chelonia, this   generic name was derived from Greek Khelus (tortoise), Latin Chelys: "When the wedding of Zeus and Hera took place, Hermes   invited not only the gods, but also all the humans and even the animals   to attend. Chelone was the only person who stayed at   home. Hermes noticed that she was not there; he came down to earth,   took hold of the house with the girl inside it and cast them both into   a river. Chelone was changed into a tortoise which,   like her, is inseparable from its house" [ Grimal ]. Another version: "Zeus asked the tortoise (Khelone) her   reason for not having come to the feast


The common vocal sound produced by blocking exhaled airflow (when voicing a vowel) by suddenly closing the vocal tract is called a '(what?) stop'?

Linguistics 201: Articulatory Phonetics Articulatory  Phonetics ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ We will spend the next few days studying articulatory phonetic:  what is involved in the actual movement of various parts of the vocal tract  during speech.ï¿½ (Use transparancy to discuss organs of speech; oral, pharyngeal  and nasal cavities; articulators, lungs and diaphragm). ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ All speech sounds are made in this area.ï¿½ None are made  outside of it (such as by stomping, hand clapping, snapping of fingers, farting,  etc.) ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Theoretically, any sound could be used as a speech sound  provided the human vocal tract is capable of producing it and the human ear  capable of hearing it.ï¿½ Actually only a few hundred different sounds or types  of sounds occur in languages known to exist today, considerably fewer than the  vocal tract is capable of producing.ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Thus, all speech sounds result from air being somehow obstructed  or modified within the vocal tract. This involves 3 processes working together: a) the airstream process--the source of air used in making the sound. b) the phonation process--the behavior of the vocal cords in the glottis   during the production of the sound. c) the oro-nasal process--the modification of that flow of air in   the vocal track (from the glottis to the lips and nose). ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Let's discuss the airstream process first. The airstream process ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The first major way to categorize sounds according to phonetic  features is by the source of air.ï¿½ Where does the air come from that is modified  by the vocal organs? Languages can use any of three airstream mechanisms to produce sounds.ï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ One airstream mechanism is by far the most important for  producing sounds in the world's languages.ï¿½ Most sounds in the world's languages  are produced by manipulating air coming into the vocal tract as it is being  exhaled by the lungs, a method referred to as the pulmonic egressive  airstream mechanism.ï¿½ Sounds made by manipulating air as it is exhaled from  the lungs are called pulmonic egressive sounds.ï¿½ Virtually all sounds  in English and other European languages are produced by manipulating exhaled  air.ï¿½ And most sounds in other languages are also pulmonic egressive.ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ There is another variety of this pulmonic airstream mechanism. Inhaled air can also be modified to produce speech sounds.ï¿½ This actually  occurs in a few rare and special cases, such as in Tsou, an aboriginal language  of Taiwan, which has inhaled [f] and [h] ([h5/˝ps˝] ashes; [f5/tsuju], egg).ï¿½ Such sounds  are called pulmonic ingressive sounds, and the airstream mechanism for  making such sounds is called the ingressive rather than the egressive version  of the pulmonic airstream mechanism.ï¿½ Perhaps because it is physiologically  harder to slow down an inhalation than an exhalation, pulmonic ingressive sounds  are extremely rare. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The majority of the sounds in all languages of the world  are pulmonic egressive sounds.ï¿½ However, in addition to using air being actively  exhaled (or inhaled), two other airstream mechanisms are used to produce some  of the sounds in some of the world's languages.ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 1) To understand the second airstream mechanism, the glottalic  airstream mechanism, let's first look at a special pulmonic egressive sound,  the glottal stop. Air being exhaled from the lungs may be stopped in the throat  by a closure of the glottis.ï¿½ This trapping of air by the glottis is called  a glottal stop.ï¿½ English actually has a glottal stop in certain exclamations:ï¿½  [u?ow], u?u], [a?a], and in  certain dialectical pronunciations: [bottle].ï¿½ The IPA renders the glottal stop  as a question mark without the period.ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The glottal stop itself is an example of a pulmonic egressive  sound, since air from the lungs is being stopped.ï¿½ However, the glottis can  be closed immediately before the production of cert


Pimm’s No. 1 Liqueur - Liqueurs - Liqueur, Brandy & Others - By Spirit Liqueur, Brandy & Others Pimm’s No. 1 Liqueur x Thank you for your review! Thanks for your product review! Your contribution is helping to build the largest community for craft spirits enthusiasts like yourself. Please share your review on Twitter and Facebook and help us spread the word about the exciting world of craft spirits. Pimm’s No. 1 Liqueur PRODUCER: Login or Create an Account New Customers By creating an account with our store, you will be able to move through the checkout process faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account and more. Registered Customers If you have an account with us, please log in. *Email Address Don't have an account? Register the old fashioned way Pimm’s No. 1 Liqueur points Pimm’s No. 1 Liqueur Pimm’s No. 1 Liqueur By Spirit AGING: N/A Created in 1823 by oyster bar owner James Pimm, this British liqueur is made from a base of London Dry gin and a secret combination of botanicals. Highly aromatic and utterly refreshing, it is traditionally enjoyed in a Pimm’s Cup, mixed with lemonade or citrus soda and garnished with fruit, cucumber and mint. "At a relatively low 25% alcohol, Pimms No. 1 Cup (the spirit) blends nicely with lemonade, lemon-lime soda, or ginger ale." TheKitchn.com shop now Product Details This old-style liqueur from England is made from a base of London Dry Gin instead of a neutral grain spirit, which ramps up aromatics, and bottled at 50 proof. It was created in 1823 by oyster bar owner James Pimm, and contains a secret infusion of herbs and spices that gives it a slightly spicy and citrusy flavor. It’s very versatile, and can be served over ice or in cocktails like the Pimm’s Cup, where it’s mixed with lemonade or lemon lime soda and garnished with apples, cucumber, orange, lemon, strawberry and mint. About the Producer Pimm’s was created in 1823 by James Pimm, an oyster bar owner in London. He offered his tonic as an aid to digestion, serving it in a small tankard known as a No. 1 Cup, hence its subsequent name. He began large-scale production in 1859, and sold the business and the right to use his name in 1865. In 1997, the brand was purchased by Diageo. 0 People Have Already Reviewed This Product


Pales, Fesses, Canton, and Saltire are types of designs of what?

Vexillology Vexillology See the Pen India by Sudarshan ( @Sud_ ) on CodePen India flag is of 2:3 ratio with three horizontal bands of Saffron, white and green colors. Ashok chakra is placed at center of flag.The saffron color represents courage and sacrifice; white – truth, peace and purity; green – prosperity; and the Ashok Chakra represents the Laws of Dharma. Posted by Sudarshan at See the Pen Unites States of America by Sudarshan ( @Sud_ ) on CodePen The national flag of the United States of America, is of 10:19 ratio and consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars alternating with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and became the first states in the Union. Posted by Sudarshan at See the Pen Australia by Sudarshan ( @Sud_ ) on CodePen The flag of Australia is a defaced Blue Ensign: a blue field with the Union Jack in the canton (upper hoist quarter), and a large white seven-pointed star known as the Commonwealth Star in the lower hoist quarter. The fly contains a representation of the Southern Cross constellation, made up of five white stars – one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars. Posted by Sudarshan at See the Pen Cook Islands by Sudarshan ( @Sud_ ) on CodePen The flag of the Cook Islands is based on the traditional design for former British colonies in the Pacific region. It is a blue ensign containing the Union Flag in the upper left, and on the right, fifteen stars in a ring. The Union Flag is symbolic of the nation's historic ties to the United Kingdom and to the Commonwealth of Nations. The stars stand for the fifteen islands that make up the Cook Islands (Tongareva, Rakahanga, Manihiki, Pukapuka, Nassau, Suwarrow, Palmerston, Aitutaki, Manuae, Takutea, Aitu, Mitiaro, Mauke, Rarotonga and Mangaia). The blue represents the ocean and the peaceful nature of the inhabitants. Posted by Sudarshan at See the Pen Fiji by Sudarshan ( @Sud_ ) on CodePen Fiji flag is of 1:2 ratio and is a defaced sky-blue "Blue Ensign". Its bright blue background symbolizes the Pacific Ocean, which plays an important part in the lives of the islanders, both in terms of the fishing industry, and the huge tourist trade. The Union Jack reflects the country's links with the United Kingdom. It has a white shield with a red cross and a red chief (upper third of a shield). The images depicted on the shield represent agricultural activities on the islands, and the historical associations with the United Kingdom. At the top of the shield, a British lion holds a cocoa pod between its paws. The upper left is sugar cane, upper right is a coconut palm, the lower left a dove of peace, and the lower right a bunch of bananas. Posted by Sudarshan at See the Pen Tuvalu by Sudarshan ( @Sud_ ) on CodePen Tuvaluan flag is a blue ensign based on the Union Flag, which is shown in the upper left canton of the flag; but has a sky blue field rather than the conventional blue.The stars represent the nine islands which comprise Tuvalu; the arrangement is geographically correct. Posted by Sudarshan at See the Pen Uzbekistan by Sudarshan ( @Sud_ ) on CodePen The State flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan is of 1:2 ratio and color blue on the flag is a symbol of the eternal sky and life-giving water, which reflect the essence of life. In symbolic language it represents goodness, wisdom, honesty, glory and loyalty. The color white on the flag, symbolizing holy peace, harmonizes with the illumination of the day and the sources of light in the universe. The color white is a symbol of purity, transparency, innocence, the cleanliness of desires and dreams, and a striving for inner beauty. The color green is a symbol of the renewal of nature. The red stripes are tributaries of the power of life that


Carborundum and Corundum are compounds/minerals traditionally used in?

Corundum: Use as a Gemstone, Abrasive, Refractory Home » Minerals » Corundum Corundum Corundum has historically been used as an abrasive, but it is most famous as the mineral of ruby and sapphire. Corundum: Two corundum crystal segments from India showing the mineral's hexagonal crystal habit and basal parting. These specimens are red in color and might be called "ruby corundum." Image © iStockphoto / Lissart. What is Corundum? Corundum is a rock-forming mineral that is found in igneous , metamorphic , and sedimentary rocks. It is an aluminum oxide with a chemical composition of Al2O3 and a hexagonal crystal structure. The mineral is widely known for its extreme hardness and for the fact that it is sometimes found as beautiful transparent crystals in many different colors. The extreme hardness makes corundum an excellent abrasive, and when that hardness is found in beautiful crystals, you have the perfect material for cutting gemstones . Natural and synthetic corundum are used in a wide variety of industrial applications because of their toughness, hardness, and chemical stability. They are used to make industrial bearings, scratch-resistant windows for electronic instruments, wafers for circuit boards, and many other products. Corundum crystals: Photos of three corundum crystals. On the left is a common corundum from Transvaal, South Africa, that is about 6 centimeters in height. In the center is a gem-quality ruby corundum from Karnataka, India, that is about 1.6 centimeters in height. On the right is a blue sapphire corundum from Sri Lanka that is about two centimeters in height. All three specimens and photos by Arkenstone / www.iRocks.com . Made Famous by Rubies and Sapphires Most people are familiar with corundum; however, very few people know it by its mineral name - instead they know it by the names "ruby" and "sapphire." A gemstone-quality specimen of corundum with a deep red color is known as a "ruby." A gemstone-quality corundum with a blue color is called a "sapphire." Colorless corundum is known as "white sapphire." Corundum of any other color is known as " fancy sapphire ." Corundum parting: Hexagonal crystal segments of corundum that have been separated by parting. These specimens are about one centimeter across. USGS photo by Andrew Silver. Corundum gneiss with sapphire: A specimen of corundum gneiss from Gallatin Valley, Montana. This specimen is about twelve centimeters across and has a round blue sapphire crystal on the left side. Properties of Corundum Corundum is an exceptionally hard and tough material. It is the third-hardest mineral, after diamond and moissanite. It serves as the index mineral for a hardness of nine on the Mohs Hardness Scale . Its hardness, high specific gravity, hexagonal crystals and parting are very good diagnostic properties to use in its identification. A summary of the physical properties of corundum is given in the table below. Physical Properties of Corundum Hexagonal Uses Historically used as an abrasive. Specimens with pleasing colors have a long history of gemstone use. Montana alluvial sapphires: A scatter of small alluvial sapphires found in Montana. These blue stones are untreated and measure about four to five millimeters across. Geologic Occurrence of Corundum Corundum is found as a primary mineral in igneous rocks such as syenite, nepheline syenite, and pegmatite .  Some of the world's most important ruby and sapphire deposits are found where the gems have weathered from basalt flows and are now found in the downslope soils and sediments. Corundum is also found in metamorphic rocks in locations where aluminous shales or bauxites have been exposed to contact metamorphism. Schist , gneiss , and marble produced by regional metamorphism will sometimes contain corundum. Some of the sapphires and rubies of highest quality, color, and clarity are formed in marble along the edges of subsurface magma bodies. Corundum's toughness, high hardness, and chemical resistance enable it to persist in sediments long after other minerals have been destroyed. This is