What is the name of the bay between northern Spain and western France, known for its rough seas?

Spain Spain Official name: Kingdom of Spain Area: 504,782 square kilometers (194,897 square miles) Highest point on mainland: Mulhacén Peak (3,478 meters/11,411 feet) Highest point in territory: Teide Peak (3,718 meters/12,198 feet), located on Tenerife Island Lowest point on land: Sea level Hemispheres: Northern and Western P.M. = noon GMT Longest distances: 1,085 kilometers (764 miles) from east to west; 950 kilometers (590    miles) from north to south Land boundaries: 1,918 kilometers (1,192 miles) total boundary length; Andorra 64    kilometers (40 miles); France 623 kilometers (387 miles); Gibraltar 1.2    kilometers (0.7 miles); Morocco 16 kilometers (10 miles), Portugal 1,214    kilometers (754 miles) Coastline: Total: 4,964 kilometers (3,084 miles); Mediterranean Sea 1,670 kilometers    (1,038 miles); Atlantic and Bay of Biscay 2,234 kilometers (1,388 miles) Territorial sea limits: 22 kilometers (12 nautical miles) 1 LOCATION AND SIZE The mainland of Spain covers most of the Iberian Peninsula in     southwestern Europe and shares borders with France, Andorra, and     Portugal. The country has northern and western coasts along the Atlantic     Ocean and the Bay of Biscay and an eastern coast along the Mediterranean     Sea. With a total area of about 504,782 square kilometers (194,897     square miles), the country is slightly more than twice the size of the     state of Oregon. Spain is administratively divided into seventeen     autonomous communities. 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES Spain controls "places of sovereignty" ( plazas de soberania ) on and off the coast of Morocco: the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and     Melilla, although Morocco contests these territorial claims; and the     Alhucemas and Chafarinas Islands. Spain also administers the Balearic     Islands in the Mediterranean and Canary Islands in the Atlantic.     Finally, Spain continues to have a centuries-old dispute with the United     Kingdom over Gibraltar, a small enclave to the south of Spain. 3 CLIMATE Daytime summer temperatures in Spain can reach 35°C to 39°C     (95°F to 102°F) in the northern Meseta and are even hotter in     the south. Temperatures of 43°C (109°F) have been recorded in     the Ebro basin. Nights are significantly cooler. The climate is more     moderate in the northern Atlantic maritime region. In the Mediterranean     region, winter temperatures average between 10°C and 13°C     (50°F and 55°F) and summer temperatures average between     22°C and 27°C (72°F and 81°F). Rainfall is highly irregular, but annual averages usually fall between     30 and 50 centimeters (12 and 20 inches). The northern Meseta enjoys two     rainy seasons: from April to June and from October to November. In the     southern Meseta, the spring rainy season begins in March and is wetter     than the fall. The maritime northwest receives abundant rainfall     throughout the year, with the wettest season from October through     December. The Mediterranean region receives the least rainfall, with     most of its precipitation occurring in the fall and winter. 4 TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS Overall, Spain's terrain is mountainous, with major ranges     running throughout the country. The Pyrenees system is particularly     noteworthy. One of Europe's most effective natural boundaries,     the highest terrain of the main portion of this range marks     Spain's border with France. The tiny nation of Andorra is also     located there. Most of the level land in Spain is situated in river     valleys, along the coast, or on the Meseta Central (Central Mesa), the     large plateau at the center of the country. Topographically, Spain is divided into four parts: the temperate region     in the north and northwest, the marginal mountain ranges, the Meseta     Central and the surrounding interior region, and the coastal areas. The     boundaries between regions are far from clear-cut, however. The     temp


Which city linked by canal with Rotterdam and Amsterdam, is the seat of the Netherlands government?

Netherlands | history - geography | Britannica.com Netherlands Alternative Titles: Holland, Kingdom of The Netherlands, Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, Nederland Netherlands National anthem of the Netherlands Official name Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (Kingdom of the Netherlands) Form of government constitutional monarchy with a parliament (States General) comprising two houses (Senate [75]; House of Representatives [150]) Head of state Literacy: percentage of population age 15 and over literate Male: (2009) 100% list of cities and towns in the Netherlands Netherlands, country located in northwestern Europe , also known as Holland. “Netherlands” means low-lying country; the name Holland (from Houtland, or “Wooded Land”) was originally given to one of the medieval cores of what later became the modern state and is still used for 2 of its 12 provinces (Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland). A parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, the kingdom includes its former colonies in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba , Bonaire , Curaçao , Saba , Sint Eustatius , and Sint Maarten . The capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government The Hague . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Windmills at Kinderdijk, The Netherlands. © Travelpix—FPG International The country is indeed low-lying and remarkably flat, with large expanses of lakes, rivers, and canals. Some 2,500 square miles (6,500 square km) of the Netherlands consist of reclaimed land , the result of a process of careful water management dating back to medieval times. Along the coasts, land was reclaimed from the sea, and, in the interior, lakes and marshes were drained, especially alongside the many rivers. All this new land was turned into polders, usually surrounded by dikes. Initially, man power and horsepower were used to drain the land, but they were later replaced by windmills, such as the mill network at Kinderdijk-Elshout, now a UNESCO World Heritage site . The largest water-control schemes were carried out in the second half of the 19th century and in the 20th century, when steam pumps and, later, electric or diesel pumps came into use. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Rembrandt van Rijn Despite government-encouraged emigration after World War II, which prompted some 500,000 persons to leave the country, the Netherlands is today one of the world’s most densely populated countries. Although the population as a whole is “graying” rapidly, with a high percentage over age 65, Amsterdam has remained one of the liveliest centres of international youth culture . There, perhaps more than anywhere else in the country, the Dutch tradition of social tolerance is readily encountered. Prostitution, “soft-drug” (marijuana and hashish) use, and euthanasia are all legal but carefully regulated in the Netherlands, which was also the first country to legalize same-sex marriage. Overview of Amsterdam. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz This relative independence of outlook was evident as early as the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Dutch rejected monarchical controls and took a relatively enlightened view of other cultures , especially when they brought wealth and capital to the country’s trading centres. In that period Dutch merchant ships sailed the world and helped lay the foundations of a great trading country characterized by a vigorous spirit of enterprise. In later centuries, the Netherlands continued to have one of the most advanced economies in the world, despite the country’s modest size. The Dutch economy is open and generally internationalist in outlook. With Belgium and Luxembourg , the Netherlands is a member of the Benelux economic union , which in the 1950s and 1960s served as a model for the larger European Economic Community (EEC; now embedded in the European Union [EU]), of which the Benelux countries are members. The Netherlands is also a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and it plays host to a number of international organizations, especially in the legal sector, such as the Interna


Which is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea?

What is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea? | Reference.com What is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea? A: Quick Answer The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea is Sicily, which is located off the southern tip of the boot-shaped Italian cape. The island encompasses a total area of approximately 9,920 square miles. Full Answer The Mediterranean Sea is the world's largest inland body of water and is bordered by three continents: Asia, Africa and Europe. Covering an area of around 965,000 square miles, the sea is interspersed with numerous islands, including several island nations. Sicily is an autonomous administrative region of Italy. The island overlooks the Tyrrhenian Sea, an arm of the Mediterranean Sea. Due to its geographical location, the Mediterranean has long been established as the crossroads between African and European cultures. Aside from Sicily, other major islands in the Mediterranean Sea include Sardinia, Crete, Corsica, Cyprus, Rhodes and Malta.


Which city was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990?

Capital of West Germany - definition of Capital of West Germany by The Free Dictionary Capital of West Germany - definition of Capital of West Germany by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Capital+of+West+Germany Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Bonn  (bŏn, bôn) A city of west-central Germany on the Rhine River. Founded as a Roman garrison in the first century ad, it is noted as the birthplace of Ludwig van Beethoven (1770) and was the capital of West Germany (1949-1990). Bonn (bɒn; German bɔn) n (Placename) a city in W Germany, in North Rhine-Westphalia on the Rhine: the former capital (1949–90) of West Germany; university (1786). Pop: 311 052 (2003 est) Bonn (bɒn, bɔn) n. a city in W Germany, on the Rhine: the capital of West Germany 1949–90; capital of Germany 1990–99. 293,072. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Bonn - a city in western Germany on the Rhine River; was the capital of West Germany between 1949 and 1989 Deutschland , FRG , Germany , Federal Republic of Germany - a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990 Translations


"In which Cypriot town will you find the ""Tombs of the Rings""?"

Tombs of the Kings - Cyprus.com   Description About 2 miles northwards of the Old Harbour you will find the Tombs of the Kings. The tombs are impressive enough to be worthy of kings. They are burial caves carved into the bedrock of the hill and decorated with Doric columns and capitals. You can freely walk about the place once inside, searching through the rooms of the tombs, with parts underground carved into the rock. This Necropolis of Pafos is situated on the North East section of the town, right outside the ancient town fortific...


In which country did Grand Duke Jean become head of state in 1964?

Luxembourg:   Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities Prime Minister Resigns after Being Implicated in Spying Probe Geography Luxembourg is about half the size of Delaware.   The Ardennes Mountains extend from Belgium into the northern section of   Luxembourg. The rolling plateau of the fertile Bon Pays is in the   south. Government Constitutional monarchy. History Luxembourg, once part of Charlemagne's empire,   became an independent state in 963, when Siegfried, count of Ardennes,   became sovereign of Lucilinburhuc (“Little Fortress”). In   1060, Conrad, a descendant of Siegfried, took the title count of   Luxembourg. From the 15th to the 18th century, Spain, France, and Austria   held the duchy in turn. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 made it a grand   duchy and gave it to William I, king of the Netherlands. In 1839, the   Treaty of London ceded the western part of Luxembourg to Belgium. The   eastern part, continuing in personal union with the Netherlands and a   member of the German Confederation, became autonomous in 1848 and a   neutral territory by decision of the London Conference of 1867, governed   by its grand duke. Germany occupied the duchy in World Wars I and II.   Allied troops liberated the enclave in 1944. Luxembourg joined NATO in 1949, the Benelux   Economic Union (with Belgium and the Netherlands) in 1948, and the   European Economic Community (later the EU) in 1957. In 1961, Prince Jean,   son and heir of Grand Duchess Charlotte, was made head of state, acting   for his mother. She abdicated in 1964, and Prince Jean became grand duke.   Luxembourg's parliament approved the   Maastricht Accord, paving the way for the economic unity of the EU in July   1992. Crown Prince Henri was sworn in as grand duke in Oct. 2000,   replacing his father, Jean, who had been head of state for 26 years.


In which country was Pope John Paul II a cardinal before his election?

Election of John Paul II | History Today Election of John Paul II Religion John Paul II was elected on October 16th, 1978. He was the first non-Italian pope to be elected in four centuries. The first non-Italian pope to be elected in four centuries, and widely regarded as one of the most memorable, was born Karol Jozef Wojtyla in 1920 in a small town in Poland, near Krakow. His mother died in 1929, when he was a schoolboy of eight. His studies at university in Poland were interrupted by the German invasion in 1939, but he was ordained priest after the war, in 1946, and went on to hold a university professorship at Lublin. Rising in the Church hierarchy, he was Archbishop of Krakow from the end of 1963 and was created a cardinal in 1967 by Pope Paul VI. Paul VI died in 1978 and was succeeded in August that year by John Paul I, the former patriarch of Venice, who died on September 28th after the shortest pontificate in modern times, lasting only thirty-three days. The cardinals gathered again on October 14th, a Saturday, behind the sealed doors of the Sistine Chapel to choose his successor. There were 111 electors present (cardinals over eighty were not allowed a vote). The figures vary, but according to one tally there were twenty-five from Italy and thirty from the rest of Europe, nineteen from Latin America, twelve from North America, twelve from Africa, nine from Asia and four from Oceania. Lots were cast for the nasty little rooms in the Apostolic Palace in which the cardinals slept on borrowed hospital or seminary beds, with a bedside light too dim to read by, a wash-basin, a slops bucket, a writing table and a kneeler for prayers. Each was issued with one roll of toilet paper, two ballpoint pens, two very small towels, one bar of soap and an ashtray. The point was to encourage the cardinals not to dally over their choice;  one of them said it was like being buried alive. The conclave lasted through three days and eight ballots. Voting was strictly secret and reports of the proceedings have to be taken with some salt. The leading candidates were both Italian: Cardinal Giuseppe Siri, archbishop of Genoa, who has been described as ‘the archconservative’s archconservative’, and Cardinal Giovanni Benelli, the more liberal archbishop of Florence. According to his secretary, Siri came within a handful of votes of election at one stage, but support for him and Benelli was so equally divided that it grew clear that neither was likely to gain the necessary majority of two-thirds of the votes plus one, which meant 75. Late on the second day of the conclave, the archbishop of Vienna, Cardinal Franz König, suggested Cardinal Wojtyla as a compromise candidate. Some of Siri’s supporters joined with some of Benelli’s and most of the American cardinals in voting for Wojtyla. The tide swung Wojtyla’s way and he was elected on the eighth ballot with more than 90 of the 111 votes. He said in response, ‘With obedience in faith to Christ, my Lord, and with trust in the Mother of Christ and the Church, in spite of great difficulties, I accept’. Observers saw the white smoke curling up from the Sistine Chapel soon after 6pm and the result of the conclave was announced according to custom in Latin from the balcony of St Peter’s Basilica. Some of the waiting crowd thought from the new pope’s surname that he must be an African, but at 7.15 pm he appeared on the balcony and made a speech, in almost flawless Italian, in which he told the crowd that he had been dismayed at the nomination, but had accepted it ‘in the spirit of obedience to Our Lord and with total trust in his Mother, the Most Holy Madonna.’ The new pope, who was fifty-eight, was installed on October 22nd and took the name of John Paul II in honour of his predecessor, who had himself taken the names of both his predecessors – John  XXIII and Paul VI. At sixty he survived an assassination attempt in Rome in 1981, when he was shot in St Peter’s Square. John Paul II was noted for conservatism, strength of character, phenomenal energy and zeal for hard work. As well as Polish, Latin a


Which two countries have a border with Liechtenstein?

Liechtenstein travel guide - Wikitravel Time Zone UTC +1 The Principality of Liechtenstein (German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a small, alpine German-speaking country doubly landlocked by Switzerland and Austria . It is the last remnant of the Holy Roman Empire and an independent nation with very close ties to Switzerland. It enjoys a very high standard of living and is home to some incredibly beautiful mountain scenery. The principality's capital, Vaduz , is mainly a modern city and a major centre of commerce and international banking. History[ edit ] The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719 and became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria , but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering and tax evasion. However, the days of bringing suitcases of money into banks for deposit without questions asked is over. Liechtensteiners are also very proud of the fact that their nation has never been physically involved in a battle or military confrontation with an "enemy state" and see their flag as a banner of peace. Economy[ edit ] Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes--the maximum tax rate is 20%--and easy incorporation rules have induced a large number of holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been, since May 1995, a member of the European Economic Area, an organization serving as a bridge between the EFTA and the EU. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. Liechtenstein has one of the highest personal income rates (GDP Per Capita) in the world, with the base rate of income tax currently standing at just 1.2%. Liechtenstein was the home of the Curta calculator. Geography[ edit ] Liechtenstein is very mountainous and one of the world's two doubly-landlocked countries (Meaning that the countries that border it are themselves landlocked too) along with Uzbekistan . Most of Liechtenstein's population lives in the long and wide Rhine Valley in the western third. Roads are mainly laid out in a north-south pattern following the valley as well. To the north the main roads lead to the border with Austria, to the south they enter Switzerland, and to the west across the river the bridges also cross into Switzerland. Most of the eastern border with Austria is not passable and is only accessible by foot as it is very mountainous, though the north of the country is well connected by road to Feldkirch in Austria . The country's highest point is the Grauspitz, which stretches to 2,599m. Liechtenstein is 2.5 time bigger than San Marino and it is 81 times bigger than Monaco . Climate[ edit ] Liechtenstein has a continental climate featuring cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain, making the country a moderately popular ski destination. Summers are cool to moderately warm, also often cloudy and humid. Entry requirements[ edit ] Liechtenstein is a member of the Schengen Agreement . There are no border controls between countries that have signed and implemented this treaty - the European Union (except Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania an


The History Place - Rise of Hitler: Adolf Hitler is Born Adolf Hitler is Born At 6:30 p.m. on the evening of April 20, 1889, he was born in the small Austrian village of Braunau Am Inn just across the border from German Bavaria. Adolf Hitler would one day lead a movement that placed supreme importance on a person's family tree even making it a matter of life and death. However, his own family tree was quite mixed up and would be a lifelong source of embarrassment and concern to him. His father, Alois, was born in 1837. He was the illegitimate son of Maria Anna Schicklgruber and her unknown mate, which may have been someone from the neighborhood or a poor millworker named Johann Georg Hiedler. It is also remotely possible Adolf Hitler's grandfather was Jewish. ADVERTISEMENT Maria Schicklgruber was said to have been employed as a cook in the household of a wealthy Jewish family named Frankenberger. There is some speculation their 19-year-old son got her pregnant and regularly sent her money after the birth of Alois. Adolf Hitler would never know for sure just who his grandfather was. He did know that when his father Alois was about five years old, Maria Schicklgruber married Johann Georg Hiedler. The marriage lasted five years until her death of natural causes, at which time Alois went to live on a small farm with his uncle. At age thirteen, young Alois had enough of farm life and set out for the city of Vienna to make something of himself. He worked as a shoemaker's apprentice then later enlisted in the Austrian civil service, becoming a junior customs official. He worked hard as a civil servant and eventually became a supervisor. By 1875 he achieved the rank of Senior Assistant Inspector, a big accomplishment for the former poor farm boy with little formal education. At this time an event occurred that would have big implications for the future. Alois had always used the last name of his mother, Schicklgruber, and thus was always called Alois Schicklgruber. He made no attempt to hide the fact that he was illegitimate since it was common in rural Austria. But after his success in the civil service, his proud uncle from the small farm convinced him to change his last name to match his own, Hiedler, and continue the family name. However, when it came time to write the name down in the record book it was spelled as Hitler. And so in 1876 at age 39, Alois Schicklgruber became Alois Hitler. This is important because it is hard to imagine tens of thousands of Germans shouting "Heil Schicklgruber!" instead of "Heil Hitler!" In 1885, after numerous affairs and two other marriages ended, the widowed Alois Hitler, 48, married the pregnant Klara Pölzl, 24, the granddaughter of uncle Hiedler. Technically, because of the name change, she was his own niece and so he had to get special permission from the Catholic Church. The children from his previous marriage, Alois Hitler, Jr., and Angela, attended the wedding and lived with them afterwards. Klara Pölzl eventually gave birth to two boys and a girl, all of whom died. On April 20, 1889, her fourth child, Adolf, was born healthy and was baptized a Roman Catholic. Hitler's father was now 52 years old. Throughout his early days, young Adolf's mother feared losing him as well and lavished much care and affection on him. His father was busy working most of the time and also spent a lot of time on his main hobby, keeping bees. Baby Adolf had the nickname, Adi. When he was almost five, in 1893, his mother gave birth to a brother, Edmund. In 1896 came a sister, Paula. In May of 1895 at age six, young Adolf Hitler entered first grade in the public school in the village of Fischlham near Linz, Austria. Copyright © 1996 The History Place All Rights Reserved


Which two colors appear on the flag of Greece?

The Greek Flag The Greek Flag The pattern and colors of the Greek Flag have changed somewhat since the Revolution of the Hellenic Nation in 1821. Many people wonder why the founders of Democracy have chosen the symbols, pattern and colors that appear on the National Flag of Greece. It is difficult to reveal the true intentions of the people responsible for the selection of the flag. The design, symbols and pattern of the Flag The stripes represent the number of the syllables in the phrase: Eleftheria i Thanatos (Liberty or Death). Liberty or Death was the motto during the years of the Hellenic Revolution against the Ottoman Empire in the 19nth century [Others claim that the stripes reflect the number of letters in the Greek word for Freedom Eleftheria]. This word stirred the heart of the oppressed Greeks, it created intense emotions and inspired them to fight and gain their freedom after 400 years of slavery. The striped pattern was chosen because of its similarity with the wavy sea that surrounds the shores of Greece. The interchange of blue and white colors makes the Greek Flag on a windy day to look like the Aegean Pelagos (sea). Only the quaint islands are missing! The Hellenic Square Cross that rests on the upper left-side of the flag and occupies one fourth of the total area demonstrates the respect and the devotion the Hellenic people have for the Greek Orthodox Church and signifies the important role of Christianity in the formation of the modern Hellenic Nation. During the dark years of the Ottoman rule, the Greek Orthodox Church helped the enslaved Greeks to retain their cultural characteristics: the Hellenic language, the Byzantine religion and generally the Hellenic ethnic identity, by the institution of the Crypha Scholia (secret schools). The Crypha Scholia were a web of schools that operated secretly throughout Greece and were committed in transmitting to Greeks the wonders of their ancestors and the rest of their cultural heritage. Today, Christianity is still the dominant religion among Greeks. Therefore, the significance of the Cross is justified. The colors of the Flag Blue and White. These two colors symbolize the blue of the Hellenic Sea and the Whiteness of its restless waves! According to the mythic legends, the Goddess of Beauty and Love, Aphrodite (Venus) emerged from these waves. In addition, it reflects the blue of the Hellenic Sky and the White of the few clouds in it. There are some who speculate that the blue and white symbolize the similar color of the clothing (vrakes) of the Greek sailors during the War of Independence. Copyright Alexandros © 1996


Which is further north, Corsica or Sardinia?

Corsica vs Sardinia | CNN Travel Foodies should make Sardinia their first stop. The island’s cuisine incorporates meat, fish and pasta with equal variety. Traditional dishes include tiny, shell-like maloreddu pasta, wild piglet cooked in honey and spaghetti with sea urchins. Fresh fish is grilled, fried, roasted or poached and often topped with elaborate sauces and dressings or a specialty called "bottarga," delicious Sardinian mullet roe. Tuna is served raw and rare in the town of Carloforte ( Al Tonno di Corsa , Via Marconi 47; +33 495 781 855 106), which is known for its annual tuna fishing festival. Sardinia has a busy wine list, too, especially if you like whites -- dry Vermentino di Gallura is one of the island’s best-known; Funtanaliras is an aromatic contrast. Corsica's contented pigs Corsica's pigs end up as saucisson ... they seem unfazed about it.Corsica also has traditional menus, but with less variety. Clams filled with cream or melted Roquefort are a striking specialty, from the town of Bonifacio ( L’Escale , Quai Jérôme Comparetti 4; +33 495 731 979). Generally, though, for an island, fish menus are limited on Corsica. This is a meaty place. Charcuterie plateaux features all types of ham, salami and local cheese. An island specialty is Corsica's saucissons -- dense, cured sausages that look like mini-truncheons, available everywhere. They contain enough flavor to keep a Corsican bandit happy when hiding out in the inland wilderness (the maquis of legend) and appropriately keep for weeks without refrigeration. You’re struck by how contended the half-wild pigs appear, lazing in the undergrowth all over the island. Corsica: Happy campers Corsica has more than 150 camp sites, with more than 25,000 places to pitch. Some are like little towns, with full-service laundries, pizzerias and restaurants, bars and Wi-Fi. With so many campers, you’d think you’d be constantly tripping over Gore-Tex, but sites tend to be clustered in areas with easy access to beaches -- again, the inland is unbesmirched. More about Corsican camping is available at Campingcorse.com . The island's strict planning laws prohibit much development on the coast. Accordingly, many hotels and resorts are clustered a few hundred meters inland, as if afraid of the sea. Others are a kilometer or more from the coast and tend to be more upscale, such as  Residence Pietra di Sole  (+33 495 70 36 74), which rises on a hillside with views over Palombaggia beach. Inland, accommodation is often in converted ancient inns open only in the warmer seasons or, for walkers, gites with basic, shared accommodation and hearty, rustic meals. Corsica is also one of the most pet-friendly destinations in Europe: dogs and cats are welcome at campsites and most hotels. More about accommodation on Corsica is available at Visit-Corsica.com . Sardinia: Resort winner Unlike Corsica, Sardinia has resorts right on the coastline.If you want to walk from your hotel room to the beach, a Sardinian resort -- crowded but comfy -- is the obvious choice. Many have private beaches and all the usual resort accouterments of multiple restaurants and swim up -- or the more conventional lean-on -- bars. Costa Smeralda has the island’s most elite accommodations. More mid-range fare is clustered in the south of the island. Hotel Dune (Via Bau 1; +39 070 977 130), near some of Europe's tallest sand dunes, has a private beach in a natural setting. Inland, Hotel Su Gologone (+39 0784 287 512), in Oliena, is an upscale village stay, where life in the surrounding countryside remains fairly traditional. Sardinia: Colorful history When you’re not hanging out with Silvio or eating pork sausages, how do the islands compare for feeding your curiosity? In Sardinia, a boat tour of the protected archipelago of La Maddalena shows off the island’s beautiful pink-sand atolls, which you can swim in. A trip to the ruins of the prehistoric village of Barumini , with its stone towers, reveals a little of what the island would have been like several thousand years before all-inc package tours. Sardinia’s capital,


Which European country left the Commonwealth and declared itself a republic in 1949?

Today in history; April 18th 1949 - Ireland becomes a republic Today in history; April 18th 1949 - Ireland becomes a republic Results 1 to 10 of 21 6Likes 18th April 2012, 11:19 AM #1 Keith-M Ireland Act 1949 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For a country that seem (over) obsessed by irts history, I can't get over how this anniversary goes by generally unnoticed. IIt was a pivotal moment in the history of the country. We lost any remaining connections with the British monarch and lost our place in the Commonwealth without a vote of the people. DeValera (then leader of the opposition) was outraged because he saw it as effectibly copperfastening partition. 18th April 2012, 11:26 AM #2 Cruimh Posts 91,553 18th April 2012, 11:36 AM #3 LamportsEdge Posts 22,858 A very interesting area this- it is doubtful legally whether in fact Ireland was declared a Republic in pure legal terms. The 1949 was ostensibly to clear up that messy legal area but like misprision of felony bits of the legal apparatus of a Republic were missing and even now today Constitutional legal experts point out that Ireland is not in fact legally a Republic (chapter one of the any law student's book on Irish constitutional law available in any decent bookshop). What happened legally was that the 'Republic of Ireland' was legally agreed to be a translation of 'Eire'. 'Eire' itself has never legally been declared a Republic. This was all part of the debate that the 1949 Act was supposed to have cleared up- but as the law student's books will tell you on constitutional law oddly enough the Republic of Ireland's status as a title is only as a translation and not established as a fact of law. Quite obscure area this but once you look into it it does rather add to the notion that someone somewhere was being a bit iffy about the legal status of 'Eire' and then its agreed translation into English as the Republic of Ireland for some reason. And classically in terms of Irish politics that legal pothole remains unfilled DESPITE the Republic of Ireland Act in 1949. Lots there for the conspiracy theorists and the curious legal historian... Posts 192 I think we had a discussion about Roaring Meg on the Commonwealth thread a while back. What was interesting was the passage of the Ireland Act by Britain in response to Ireland leaving the Commonwealth - under which Irish citizens became the only non-Commonwealth nationals with an automatic right to live, work and vote in the UK with the same rights and priveleges as UK citizens. Again, we had that discussion elsewhere if you want to look for it. I agree, though, that it is rather puzzling that it's so often overlooked - especially since one the provisions of the Ireland Act was to effectively enshrine the Unionist veto on constitutional change in law. I suspect more would be made of it if the Act had been passed by a Conservative government. 458 Originally Posted by Born Again Scouser I think we had a discussion about Roaring Meg on the Commonwealth thread a while back. What was interesting was the passage of the Ireland Act by Britain in response to Ireland leaving the Commonwealth - under which Irish citizens became the only non-Commonwealth nationals with an automatic right to live, work and vote in the UK with the same rights and priveleges as UK citizens. Again, we had that discussion elsewhere if you want to look for it. . At the time I think all Commonwealth nationals had an automatic right to live and work in the UK


The shamrock is the national badge of which country?

The Shamrock The Shamrock   The shamrock and Saint      Patrick. Although the shamrock is closely associated with Saint      Patrick, it is more likely that the shamrock was worn it as a symbol      of the cross - the old Tua Cross, presumably and not the modern one      - rather than of the Trinity. Shamrock itself is simply immature trefoil,      or young clover, and the name is an anglicisation of seamair ï¿½g or "young      clover". The myths themselves, though, are much more interesting. The      shamrock, it is said, symbolises the Trinity, that is, the Christian      idea that there is one God but three Persons in the one God, the Father,      the Son and the Holy Spirit. Before the Christian era it was a sacred      plant of the druids of Ireland because it's leaves formed a triad. Famous      stories tell of how St. Patrick used the shamrock in his teachings.      Preaching in the open air about God and the Trinity, he illustrated      the meaning of the Three in One by plucking a shamrock from the grass      growing at his feet and showing it to his congregation. Just as the      shamrock is one leaf with three parts, so God is one entity with three      Persons. The legend of the shamrock is also associated with the banishment      of the serpents from Ireland by a tradition that snakes are never seen      on shamrock and that it is a remedy against the bites of snakes and scorpions. Because the shamrock was a sacred plant to the druids, and      three was a mythical number in Drudic religious practice, Patrick was      probably well aware of the significance of the shamrock as a teaching      tool. On the subject of green plants, it should be said that      the colour of St. Patrick was not actually green, but blue. In the 19th      century, however, green came to be used as a symbol of Ireland. Thanks      to plentiful rain and mists, the "Emerald Isle" is indeed green all      the year 'round, which is probably the inspiration for the national      colour. Although many people would presume that the shamrock is also      the national emblem of Ireland, this is not so. The national symbol      of Ireland is the harp. Three is Ireland's magic number. Numbers played an important      part in Celtic symbolism Three was the most sacred and magical number.      It multiplies to nine, which is sacred to St. Brigid. Three may have      signified totality: past, present and future, sky, earth and underground.      Everything good in Ireland comes in threes - the rhythm of Irish storytelling      is based on three-fold repetition. This achieves both intensification      and exaggeration. " Three accomplishments well regarded in Ireland -      a clever verse, music on the harp, the art of shaving faces." On St. Patrick's day, a member of the British Royal Family      presents Shamrock to the Irish Guards regiment of the British Army,      so integral is the shamrock in the history of the Irish people. The shamrock is a fragile little plant, and doesn't keep      long out of its habitat. A fresh sprig in the morning will have dried      and withered by noon, and can look a bit limp. Recently a few bright      sparks have invented a little lapel sachet in which the shamrock is      both grown and worn, and will bloom until the last of Patrick's pot      is drunk. The Irish have a few difficulties translating ingenuity into      gold over a last few thousand years, but being Green wasn't one of them. HISTORY OF THE SHAMROCK In written English, the first reference to the shamrock      dates from 1571, and in written Irish as seamrog, from 1707. As a badge      to be worn on the label on the Saint's feastday, it is referred to for      the first time as late as 1681, The shamrock was used as an emblem by      the Irish volunteers in the era of Gr


In which capital city were the treaties signed that established the European Economic Community?

EUR-Lex - xy0023 - EN - EUR-Lex Text Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, EEC Treaty - original text (non-consolidated version) The EEC Treaty, signed in Rome in 1957, brings together France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries in a community whose aim is to achieve integration via trade with a view to economic expansion. After the Treaty of Maastricht the EEC became the European Community, reflecting the determination of the Member States to expand the Community's powers to non-economic domains. CREATION The establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in July 1952 was the first step towards a supranational Europe. For the first time the six Member States of this organisation relinquished part of their sovereignty, albeit in a limited domain, in favour of the Community. This first drive towards integration soon came to a halt with the failure of the European Defence Community (EDC) in 1954. Although there was reason to fear that the effort undertaken by the ECSC was doomed to fail, the Messina Conference of June 1955 endeavoured to add a new impetus to European construction. It was followed by a series of meetings of ministers or experts. A preparatory committee responsible for drafting a report on the creation of a European common market was created at the beginning of 1956. It met in Brussels under the Presidency of P.H. Spaak, the Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs at the time. In April 1956 this Committee submitted two drafts, which corresponded to the two options selected by the Member States: the creation of a general common market; the creation of an atomic energy community. It was in Rome that the famous "Treaties of Rome" were signed in March 1957. The first Treaty established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the second the European Atomic Energy Community , better known as Euratom. Since ratification at national level did not pose any problems, these two Treaties entered into force on 1 January 1958. This summary fact sheet is uniquely devoted to the EEC Treaty. OBJECTIVES After the failure of the EDC, the economy, which was less subject to national resistance than other areas, became the focus of consensus in the field of supranational cooperation. The establishment of the EEC and the creation of the Common Market had two objectives. The first was to transform the conditions of trade and manufacture on the territory of the Community. The second, more political, saw the EEC as a contribution towards the functional construction of a political Europe and constituted a step towards the closer unification of Europe. In the preamble, the signatories of the Treaty declare that: "- determined to lay the foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, resolved to ensure the economic and social progress of their countries by common action to eliminate the barriers which divide Europe, affirming as the essential objective of their efforts the constant improvements of the living and working conditions of their peoples, - recognising that the removal of existing obstacles calls for concerted action in order to guarantee steady expansion, balanced trade and fair competition; - anxious to strengthen the unity of their economies and to ensure their harmonious development by reducing the differences existing between the various regions and the backwardness of the less-favoured regions; - desiring to contribute, by means of a common commercial policy, to the progressive abolition of restrictions on international trade; - intending to confirm the solidarity which binds Europe and the overseas countries and desiring to ensure the development of their prosperity, in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations; - resolved by thus pooling their resources to preserve and strengthen peace and liberty, and calling upon the other peoples of Europe who share their ideal to join in their efforts...". These intentions were fleshed out by creating a common market and a customs union and by developing common policies. THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE TREATY Th


Which country was ruled for 40 years by the dictator Antonio Salazar?

Portugal is longing for dictatorship - PravdaReport Portugal is longing for dictatorship 07.08.2012   The Portuguese, like the Spaniards and Greeks, are dissatisfied with their government unable to overcome the current crisis. On these grounds many are nostalgic for the days of the dictators: Greece elected far-right nationalist and even fascist parties into parliament, and Portugal announced the dictator Antonio de Olivera Salazar "the greatest Portuguese" of all time. July 27 marked 42 years since the death of Antonio de Olivera Salazar. He ruled the country for 40 years. Under him Portugal's economy prospered: GDP in the early 1970's was 7% per year. Why is the Portuguese economy not in the best condition now? Perhaps, the secret lies in the personal qualities of the politicians working for the benefit of the people. The ability to bring together a decent team not working for the Americans or Germans is also important. This is true about Salazar, although no one denies the horrors of a totalitarian regime. However, the style of Salazar's government had nothing in common with Stalin's repressions and Nazi genocide; rather, he stuck to authoritarian policies and nationalist attitudes in order to preserve the colonial empire. Print version Font Size For the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, all in politics was relative. He engaged in politics as he saw fit and always objected when he was called a "brutal dictator." He believed that he was not accepted because his position was contrary to the "Western intellectual tradition." Salazar borrowed his methods of governing from ancient Greek politicians and believed that active members with the public interests should participate in the country's management. He found these people, formed a team and established something that Portugal now calls "corporate" management. Antonio Salazar was born on April 28, 1889 in the town of Vimieyru 70 kilometers north of Lisbon. After graduating from the seminary, he entered the law faculty of University of Coimbra (Universidade de Coimbra). There he made friends with the future Cardinal Manuel Serezheyry. After graduation, Salazar was involved in the anti-republican Catholic movement (Centro Académico da Democracia Cristã), wrote on religious topics, participated in parliamentary elections and even won them, but after spending three days in the chair of deputy returned to Coimbra. Salazar re-appeared in power in 1926. It was a time of an economic crisis, political instability, and the First Republic that led to a military coup. Professor of Coimbra and very well-known economist, Salazar obtained the portfolio of Minister of Finance. This time he spent 13 days at the state office and then resigned, citing lack of working conditions. Less than two years after the military once again asked him for help. The person who has never considered himself a politician began his spectacular career. Thanks to him, the budget of Portugal in one year has moved from deficit to surplus. The country paid a huge public debt, reorganizing tax and financial systems. Salazar began to support Catholicism, peasants and middle class. Feeling confident, in 1930 he created the party "National Alliance" that had the unquestioned authority and power. Gradually, he squeezed out all competitors, and in 1932 became chairman of the Council of Ministers. The following year, he ratified the new constitution (despite 40% of abstention, whose votes were counted as votes "pro") and established a totalitarian government, banning the opposition and introducing the only party in power and giving unlimited powers to Salazar. But personal power must rest on a solid foundation. Then Salazar created International repressive police for state protection (PIDE). PIDE was small, but one of the most effective intelligence agencies in the world. In its activities it used a wide network of secret agents. There were the so-called "bufos" ("snitches") who received money and other compensation that allowed almost complete control of the country's population, underground parties and the situati


What nationality was the 16th-century poet and soldier Camoens?

Luis de Camoes | Portuguese poet | Britannica.com Portuguese poet Alternative Titles: Luis Vaz de Camoens, Luis Vaz de Camoëns, Luís Vaz de Camões Luis de Camoes António Ferreira Luís de Camões, in full Luís Vaz de Camões, English Luis Vaz de Camoëns or Camoens (born c. 1524/25, Lisbon , Port.—died June 10, 1580, Lisbon), Portugal’s great national poet, author of the epic poem Os Lusíadas (1572; The Lusiads), which describes Vasco da Gama’s discovery of the sea route to India. Camões had a permanent and unparalleled impact on Portuguese and Brazilian literature alike, due not only to his epic but also to his posthumously published lyric poetry . Camoes, portrait miniature painted in Goa, 1581; in a private collection Courtesy of the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon Life What little information there is about Camões in a strict biographical sense falls into three categories: statements by his first biographers in the 17th century, a few documents unearthed in the 19th century and scant subsequent research, and very abstract allusions (some chronologically uncertain) to his own life in his works. Successive biographers have woven the few concrete facts known about Camões’ life into a bewildering complexity of fantasy and theory that is unsupported by concrete documentary evidence. It is supposed that Camões was born in Lisbon around 1524 or 1525, when Portuguese expansion in the East was at its peak. Research has shown him to be a member of the impoverished old aristocracy but well-related to the grandees of Portugal and Spain. A tradition that Camões studied at the University of Coimbra or that he followed any regular studies, for that matter, remains unproved, though few other European poets of that time achieved such a vast knowledge of both classical and contemporary culture and philosophy. He is supposed to have been, in his youth, in territories held by the Portuguese in Morocco, but it is uncertain whether he had been exiled or was there because it was simply the place for a young Portuguese aristocrat to start a military career and to qualify for royal favours. It is also assumed that his youth in Lisbon was less than subdued. King John III pardoned him in 1553, when he was under arrest for taking part in a street brawl in which a royal officer was assaulted. The pardon hints that Camões would go to India in the king’s service, but none of his wanderings for nearly 17 years there has been documented. He was certainly there, judging from references in his works that reveal an intimate knowledge of the area’s social conditions. He surely did not make his fortune there, since he complains often in his poetry about his bad luck and the injustices he met with. While in the East, he took part in one or two military naval expeditions and, as he alludes to it in his epic, underwent shipwreck in the Mekong Delta. His years in the East can be assumed to have been like those of thousands of Portuguese scattered at the time from Africa to Japan, whose survival and fortunes were, as he says, always hanging from divine providence’s very thin thread. Diogo do Couto , a 16th-century historian of the Portuguese East, who never included Camões among the nobles he carefully listed for every skirmish, did note, however, that he found “that great poet and old friend of mine” stranded penniless in Mozambique and helped to pay his trip back to Lisbon. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent Camões returned to Portugal in 1570, and his Os Lusíadas was published in Lisbon in early 1572. In July of that year he was granted a royal pension, probably in recompense for both his service in India and his having written Os Lusíadas. His mother, a widow, survived him and had the pension renewed in her name. Documents related to payments due and to the renewal are known, and through them the date of his death in 1580 has been accepted. It is not certain that he died of anything more than premature old age brought on by illnesses and hardships. Literary works A Study of Poetry The first edition of Camões’ Rimas was published in 1595, 1


Which group had most seats in the European Parliament after the 1989 election - the left, the centre or the right?

Eurosceptic 'earthquake' rocks EU elections - BBC News BBC News Eurosceptic 'earthquake' rocks EU elections 26 May 2014 Close share panel Media captionAnti-immigration parties hostile to the EU have done well Eurosceptic and far-right parties have seized ground in elections to the European parliament, in what France's PM called a "political earthquake". UK Independence Party and French National Front both performed strongly. The three big centrist blocs all lost seats, though still hold the majority. The outcome means a greater say for those who want to cut back the EU's powers, or abolish it completely. UK PM David Cameron said the public was "disillusioned" with the EU. Mr Cameron said their message was "received and understood". Vote 2014 LIVE: Full coverage of results French President Francois Hollande has called an urgent meeting of his cabinet, as Prime Minister Manuel Valls promised tax cuts a day after the results which he described as "a shock, an earthquake". Chancellor Angela Merkel - whose party topped the poll in Germany - described the far right victories as "remarkable and regrettable" and said the best response was to boost economic growth and jobs. Jose Manuel Barroso, outgoing president of the European Commission, stressed that the pro-EU blocs still had "a very solid and workable majority". He said a "truly democratic debate" was needed to address the concerns of those who did not vote, or "voted in protest". Image copyright AFP Highlights Italy In final results, centre-left PM Matteo Renzi (above) scores strong 40%, fending off ex-comic Beppe Grillo's anti-establishment Five Star with 21%, and ex-PM Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia with 17% (Based on exit polls/provisional results) France National Front storm to victory - 25%, 24 seats; Centre-right UMP 21%; President Hollande's Socialists a poor third with 14% - lowest ever EP score Britain Eurosceptic UKIP in first place, with 27%, Conservatives on 24% and Labour about 25%, Greens beating Lib Dems Germany Angela Merkel wins another election - 35% for her Christian Union, 27% for the centre-left SPD. Eurosceptic AfD score strong 7% Greece Partial results show far-left Syriza on 26%, PM Antonis Samaras' New Democracy on 23%. Far-right Golden Dawn set to get three MEPs, with 9%.  Syriza leader Alexis Tsipras has asked the Greek president to call early national elections. EU supporters will be pleased that election turnout was slightly higher, at 43.1%, according to provisional European Parliament figures. The revolt had been a long time brewing and the battle lines are drawn By Gavin HewittEurope editor That would be the first time turnout had not fallen since the previous election - but would only be an improvement of 0.1%. "The people have spoken loud and clear," a triumphant Marine Le Pen told cheering supporters at National Front (FN) party headquarters in Paris. "They no longer want to be led by those outside our borders, by EU commissioners and technocrats who are unelected. They want to be protected from globalisation and take back the reins of their destiny." Provisional results suggested the FN could win 25 European Parliament seats - a stunning increase on its three in 2009. Matthew Price, BBC News, Brussels Despite the huge gains for anti-EU parties and those that wish to reduce the power of the EU, it is unlikely that the European Parliament will adopt a fundamentally different approach. The main centre-right and left groupings still hold the majority of seats between them. Add in the Liberals and the Greens and parliament is overwhelmingly pro-EU. In that sense if the main groups in the parliament choose to ignore those who didn't vote for them last night, they can. National politicians however, can't afford to ignore them. That's where this election is likely to really shake things up. This will have an impact not just on domestic politics, but on the national leaders when they meet in Brussels at the European Council - where their job is to shape the direction of the EU. Protest parties will force EU rethink Hard-left gains Across the


Of which island is Valletta the capital?

Valletta - The Complete Guide to Malta's Capital City Quick facts – Valletta in a nutshell Population: 6,444 (2014 census) Malta’s capital (since 1571), and the smallest capital city in the EU (at just 0.55 sq km) Flanked by two natural harbours: Marsamxett and Grand Harbour Also called il-Belt (‘The City’) by the locals Commercial centre and place of work for thousands of Maltese working in government, finance and tourism. Parliament and a number of ministries reside within the city. Valletta was strategically built like a fort with bastion walls surrounding its perimeters by the Knights of Malta (Knights of the Order of St. John) Named after Grandmaster Jean Parisot de Valette, who founded the city in 1566. Rich in Baroque architecture, some buildings date back to the 16th century High concentration of historical sites More info NEW: Valletta travel guide! Get the most out of your visit to Malta's capital city with this 159-page Valletta travel guide packed with my best tips on: Detailed information on the top points of interest Walking routes and itineraries for up to three days of exploration 1-Day itinerary with "must sees" for short visits (perfect for cruise passengers!) Best places to eat and drink (including vegetarian and vegan options) Where and when best to stay in Valletta ...and more! Get your copy and get ready to explore! €9.99 Buy now History Besides being one of the smallest capitals in Europe, it’s also one of the youngest, having been founded a little over 450 years ago. The city was built by the Knights of the Order of St. John (also known as the Knights of Malta or the Knights Hospitaller), on a peninsula with large natural harbours on both of its flanks. Having survived The Great Siege by successfully warding off an attempt by the Ottoman Empire to invade the Maltese islands, the Knights strategically chose Valletta’s location for its highly defensible position. With funding from the Vatican, amongst other benefactors, the Knights built Valletta to fortify Malta as a stronghold for Roman Catholicism. Despite its small size, Malta had a significant military advantage due to its location and was the perfect location for the Knights to accommodate the sick and injured, which was (and still is!) their core mission (as opposed to being a military order as such). Even if you’re not into history much, if you really want to understand Valletta at its core, it pays to read up on the city’s history. Why and how was Valletta built? Who were the people that built Valletta? How is it that there’s so much to see in terms of history and culture? How to get to Malta’s capital city In a nutshell: All roads lead to Valletta, which means major road signs can be found all across Malta and finding your way there by car is easy. It also means that most bus routes start and terminate at the capital’s bus terminus that sits right outside the city’s walls. You can get pretty much anywhere on foot, considering the city’s small size and relatively little traffic (and pedestrianised centre). Alternatives are electric city cabs and (although not very practical) a few bus routes pass through a few of the main streets of the city. When it comes to accommodation in Valletta, these are the basic options: Traditional hotels – There are only a few, mostly high-end in and around Valletta Boutique hotels – Beautifully decorated classical buildings in the heart of the city Apartments rented out through sites like Airbnb.com , directly from owner. If you’re travelling on a budget it might be a challenge to find suitable accommodation, especially during the high season (June – September). If budget isn’t as big of an issue there’s good choice for unique, comfortable accommodation. Quick suggestions for hotels Hotels level 1 – High end Just outside the city (technically located in the neighbouring town of Floriana), Hotel Grand Excelsior and Hotel Phoenicia are two good options if your budget allows it. Inside the city’s walls, Casa Ellul has an excellent reputation (and a price tag to match) Hotels level 2 – Affordable ( < €100/night) Th


In Norway, what are Hardanger and Sogne?

Norwegian Fjords - Hardanger, Sogne and Geiranger Fjords in Landmark Visitor Guide: Amazon.es: Lindsey Porter, Don Philpott: Libros en idiomas extranjeros DescripciÃ³n del producto Reseña del editor This is the fully revised second edition. The book guides you around with motoring itineraries, whether your gateway is Oslo or Bergen. It takes you to the most spectacular places to ensure your visit is as memorable as possible; this revised edition provides details of guided day tours and adventure trips. In an expensive country to visit, this guide offers tips on keeping costs down. Naeroyfjord and Geirangerfjord are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Sognefjord is the world's longest fjord. In 2004, National Geographic listed the Norwegian Fjords as one of the worlds top tourist destinations; in 2008 National Geographic crowned Norway's Geirangerfjord and Naeroyfjord as the world's best managed world heritage site. "FactFile" offers practical travel advice, including local customs, accommodation and places to visit. No es necesario ningÃºn dispositivo Kindle. DescÃ¡rgate una de las apps de Kindle gratuitas para comenzar a leer libros Kindle en tu smartphone, tablet u ordenador. Apple


In which Polish city was the Solidarity union formed in 1989?

The Year 1989 – The End of Communism in Poland The Year 1989 – The End of Communism in Poland Created on Tuesday, 23 August 2011 08:03 Written by: Dudek Antoni Tags: European Network Remembrance and Soldiarity, 1989, End of Communism, Poland, Solidarity Movement The wave of strikes in the summer of 1980 and its consequence, the birth of NSZZ Solidarity started the deepest phase of the crisis of the communist state in Poland. The economic crisis, growing since 1976, had led to a destabilisation of the political system based on hegemonic position of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) in 1980. The creation of NSZZ Solidarity and its over year long period of legal functioning significantly altered the social awareness, a change which could no longer be reversed by the so-called politics of normalisation, which began after the introducing of martial law in Poland in December 1981. The banning of Solidarity and the pacification of civil protests, which peaked on the 31st of August 1982 when demonstrations of supporters of the union took place in 66 cities, had not stopped the economic, social and political changes which put the People's Republic of Poland (PRL) in a state of chronic crisis and, after a change of the international situation, led to its downfall. Below I will try to enumerate the most important factors which, in my opinion, made the crisis grow and, in consequence, led to the breakdown of the system in 1989. 1. Changes in the USSR. This factor appeared last, only after the proclamation of the politics of perestroika by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986 but has to be mentioned first as it played a crucial role in inclining the team of general Wojciech Jaruzelski to begin changes in the political system, which, eventually, led to its complete breakdown. In July 1986, during a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev said, that the countries of Middle and Eastern Europe “can no longer be carried on our back. The main reason – the economy”. This meant that in the Kremlin opinion was prevalent, that the model of cooperation within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, which was based on the transferable ruble, needed to be changed. The supply of petroleum and natural gas – the main export articles of the USSR – to the Comecon countries at set prices had no longer been profitable for the Soviet economy. It also was not a coincidence that one of Moscow's most important postulates after the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki had been formed was the transition to USD as currency in mutual trade. Although the knowledge remains limited regarding the plans of the Soviet leadership in the second half of the 1980s, Andrzej Paczkowski was probably right to say that “Gorbachev did something like an amputation on the Brezhnev >Doctrine<, which lost its ideological sense and became more of a geopolitical rule. The former pressure Moscow put on Warsaw subsided no later than 1987-1988 and was replaced by extensive conformity of intentions and actions”. General Wojciech Jaruzelski's team's hands were bound at that time as far as system reforms go, but that did not prevent it from using the Soviet deterrent in contacts with the West, the opposition and the Church until the end of its regime. French researcher Jacques Levesque even claims, that Jaruzelski for a long time was not using the freedom which Gorbachev had given him. 2. The state of the economy. Although in 1983 economic growth was recorded for the first time in five years, it had not been the result of real changes in the economic system, but of the return of the economy to the old ruts, from which it had been removed first by Gierek's team's mistakes, later by the strikes of 1980-81 and finally by the militarisation of many companies and the economic sanctions undertaken by the Western countries against Poland. Already in 1985 economic growth slowed down because, according to one of the party's analyses, “the material-resource barrier, […] resulting from insufficient national reserves and low import possibilit


Which French river flows into the sea at St. Nazaire and is famous for its chateaux?

The Rivers of France. About-France.com Rhone (812 km)  Rises in Switzerland; enters France next to Geneva. Flows through Lyon.  Durance Ardèche Isère Saone - (473 km) the longest tributary of the Rhone. Connected by "Freycinet" gauge canals to the Rhine (via the Saone, the Doubs), to the Loire, to the Seine, to the Marne, and to the Meuse Doubs (453 km) - passes in and out of Switzerland; Ognon Ain NORTH SEA Rhin (Rhine) (1325 km)  Rises in Switzerland; Marks the eastern border of Alsace. Flows through Germany and Holland. German: Rhein; English Rhine. Moselle : Rises in France, flows through Luxembourg and Germany Ill  (the ill) Meuse (950 km) Rises in France, flows through Belgium and Holland. (Dutch & German: Maas) Canal du Midi  240 km From the Mediteranean to Toulouse - the world's oldest long-distance commercial canal - opened in 1681; southern part of the Canal des Deux Mers Canal de Garonne From Toulouse to the Gironde . Northern part of the Canal des Deux Mers Canal du Rhin au Rhone 324 km From near Strasbourg to St Symphorien (on the Saône). The total length includes over 100 km of the River Doubs. Canal de la Marne au Rhin 312 km From Vitry le François (on the Marne) to Strasbourg. Includes the remarkable inclined plane of St. Louis Artzwiller, lifting boats up a height of 44 metres (replacing 17 locks). Canal de la Marne à la Saône 224 Km From Vitry le François (on the Marne) to Maxilly sur Saône Canal des Ardennes From the river Aisne to the river Meuse Canal de la Loire 196 km From Digoin (on the Loire) to Briare (on the Loire), along the valley of the Loire Canal du Centre From Digoin (on the Loire) to Chalon sur Saône Canal de Bourgogne From Migennes (on the Yonne) to St. Jean de Losne, (on the Saône) Canal de Briare


In which city does the Council of Europe sit?

Composition of the ECHR - Judges, Sections, Grand Chamber Born on 5 July 1973 in Kyiv, Ukraine Human Rights Expert in Kyiv, 1994-2005 Master’s degree in law, Faculty of Law of Kyiv National University, 2003 Member of the Ukrainian Bar, 2003 Legal adviser, lawyer in Kyiv, 2000-2005 Lawyer in the Registry of the European Court of Human Rights, 2005-2009 Master 2 in Law and European Studies, specialised in human Rights in Europe, Faculty of Law of Strasbourg, 2007 Doctor of Philosophy in law, Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine, 2008 Lecturer in human rights law, Centre for International Protection, Strasbourg, 2008-2010 Adviser to the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, 2009-2010 Judge of the European Court of Human Rights since 15 June 2010 Vice-President of Section from 3 November 2015 to 31 October 2016. Helen Born on 1 June 1964 in Zurich, Switzerland Doctorate in environmental law, University of Zurich, 1993 Master of European Law (LL.M.), College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, 1994 Research Fellow at Harvard University Law School, United States of America, 1995 Research Fellow at the European University Institute of Florence, Italy, 1996 Member of the American Society of International Law since 1996 Legal Counsel in a law firm in Switzerland, 1996-2011 Visiting researcher at the Max-Planck Institute for International Law of Heidelberg, Germany, 2000 Professor of International Law, Constitutional Law and European Law at the University of Lucerne, 2001-2004 Professor of International Law, Constitutional Law and European Law at the University of Zurich, 2004-2011 Board Member of the International Law Commission, Swiss Section, 2008-2011 Member of the United Nations Human Rights Committee (HRC), 2008-2011 Visiting Scholar at the Centre for Advanced Studies in Oslo, Norway, 2010 Judge of the European Court of Human Rights since 4 October 2011. Luis Born on 15 November 1947 in Leon, Spain B.A. in Law, University of Madrid, 1969 Master in Political Science, Michigan State University, 1975 Doctor of Law, University of Madrid, 1975 Assistant Professor of Constitutional Law, University of Madrid, 1975-1978 Professor of Constitutional Law, University of Extremadura (Cáceres), 1978-1995 Clerk at the Constitutional Court of Spain, 1982-1986 Judge of the Constitutional Court of Spain, 1986-1995 Alternative Representative and Legal Expert for the Venice Commission, 1995-2003 Professor of Constitutional Law, Universidad Carlos III (Madrid), 1995-2008 Vice-President of the General Council of the Judiciary, 1996-2001 Director of the Institute of Comparative Public Law, Universidad Carlos III, 2001-2003 Secretary of State for Justice, Ministry of Justice of Spain, 2004-2007 Judge of the European Court of Human Rights since 1 February 2008 Vice-President of Section from 1 November 2014 to 31 August 2015 President of Section since 1 Septembre 2015. András Born on 25 March 1949 in Budapest, Hungary Law degree at the ELTE Law School of Budapest, 1972 Various research fellow positions at the Institute for State and Law, Hungarian Academy of Sciences since 1972 PhD and Habilitation at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1977 and 1982 Founder and spokesperson of the Hungarian League for the Abolition of the Death Penalty, Budapest, 1988-1994 Legal Counsellor to the President of Hungary, 1991-1992 Chair of Comparative Constitutional Law, University Professor, Central European University (Budapest), 1993-2007 Member, American Law Institute, 1996 Member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1997 Recurrent Visiting Professor, Cardozo School of Law, New York, since 1990; Global Faculty, New York University Law School, since 1996 Board of Directors of the Open Society Justice Initiative of New York, 2001-2007 Judge of the European Court of Human Rights since 1 February 2008 Vice-President of Section from 1 January 2015 to 31 July 2015 President of Section since 1 August 2015 Vice-President of the Court since 1 November 2015. Mirjana "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" Section President Born on 5 November 1963 in Strumica Law studies,


In which year were East and West Germany unified?

East & West Germany Struggle To Become A Unified Nation FIGURATIVELY SPEAKING, THE BERLIN WALLS STILL THERE : East & West Germany Struggle To Become A Unified Nation by Volker Kluepfel      WHEN EAST and West Germany were unified in October 1990, Chancellor Helmut Kohl promised the people that the situation would improve for everyone.      Now, eight years later, it seems his promise has not been kept: although billions of Marks (a German Mark is currently worth about 50 cents) have been invested in East Germany every year, its economic growth has not developed as fast as many experts claimed it would, and people are getting impatient.      Worse, the solidarity among East and West Germans is declining. The images of people dancing together on the Berlin Wall seem to be forgotten. More than a few East Germans long for their old communist system, when practically everyone had a safe job. They feel like they are the losers in the unification process.      On the other hand, many West Germans are tired of carrying the financial burden of the unification.      As a consequence, the Berlin Wall has been rebuilt--not in reality, but in the minds of the people.      To help the East get on its feet, a special tax was created called the additional solidarity charge. The plan was to abolish this tax after only a few years, but it still exists, amounting to 7.5% of  total salary. Both East and West Germans have to pay this tax, but without unification it wouldnt exist. East Germanys economy was shattered after more than 40 years of communist mismanagement.      To understand why there were once two separate economic and political systems in Germany, a brief look at history is required.      After World War II, Germany was split in two parts. One was controlled by the western Allies: France, Great Britain and the United States. The other one was governed by the former Soviet Union. The beginning of the cold war led to the foundation of two different countries, the west-oriented Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, known as West Germany) and the east-oriented German Democratic Republic (GDR, known as East Germany).      While West Germany became part of the United Nations and the European Community and quickly developed economic wealth, East Germany was forced to adopt the planned economy of the USSR, and their production was dictated by political preferences, not by the demands of the people.      Infrastructure and industry did not reach the same level in the East as it did in the West. Large parts of East German housing were either neglected over the years or built with contaminated materials, or both.      After unification, East Germany had to be brought into alignment with West German standards. Though this expensive process is not yet completed, many significant things have already been accomplished. All East German state-run companies have been transformed into private firms, the railroad system has been renewed, and new highways have been built.      The West German social security system--including health care, day care, and retirement, among other benefits--has been extended to East Germany. Previously, benefits had been quite different. East Germans were dissatisfied seeing the amount of their pensions decline, but the levels have gradually been raised. The West Germans were likewise dissatisfied, because they had to help pay for those pensions. They had to take over this responsibility as part of the unification costs, because the defunct East German state used to pay for pensions. In West Germany working people (except for civil servants) and their employers share pension expenses; these amount to 20.3% of salaries.      Another example of the difficulties of unification is education. Although universities in East Germany are probably as good as those in the West, most students try to find a place at a university in the West.      Some students would rather wait a year for a place in a West German university than have to attend one in East Germany. German students typically finish their university studies co


On which of the Greek islands did Bacchus find Ariadne, according to legend?

Ariadne - about the name Ariadne About Ariadne Designs Who was Ariadne? Many clients ask us about our name so this page tells you something about Ariadne and why we chose the name We chose the name Ariadne because she is synonymous with webs and weaving. Ariadne herself was a Greek princess from mythology. Ariadne (Greek Αριάδνη), in Greek mythology (Latin Arianna), was  daughter of King Minos of Crete and his queen, Pasiphaë, daughter of Helios, the Sun-titan. She aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and escaping from the labyrinth using a ball of red fleece thread to guide him. According to legend Theseus abandoned Ariadne on the Island of Naxos. There is a famous painting by Titian in which the Greek god Bacchus falls in love with Ariadne (he raises her into heaven and turns her into a constellation). The figure of Ariadne originates from the Greek Island of Crete. The story of Ariadne and Theseus may symbolically represent the overthrow of the Minoan empire by Greece. The Minoans had a Goddess based culture and it could be that Ariadne is a representation of a Minoan Goddess. In Minoan culture acrobats leapt over bulls during major festivities, it is possible that the Minotaur is derived from the Minoan bulls. Sir Arthur Evans suggested that the labyrinth was in fact the royal palace of Knosos in Crete which he excavated. Knosos had over 1300 rooms and so was indeed like a labyrinth. The name Ariadne means "most holy", composed of the Cretan Greek αρι (ari) "most" and αδνος (adnos) "holy" or "pure". The name certainly suggests a possible link between Ariadne and the Minoan Goddess. Some have suggested that Ariadne was the Minoan snake Goddess . Other uses of the name Ariadne In mythology Ariadne was the bride of the god Dionysus. There is a " Saint Ariadne " and Ariadne is a female first name more common in Europe. These days you find the name Ariadne all over the web - but Ariadne Designs Ltd was one of the first companies to use the name in the context of the world wide web. We were formed originally in 1996 and have been developing innovative websites and spreading the word ever since. We are a company dedicated to improving the web through well designed websites. Just as Ariadne helped Thesius escape the labyrinth so we can help you to get through the maze of the World Wide Web. You can find out more about Ariadne from the following sources:


Which country's parliament is called the Storting?

Name of Parliament of Countries | Name of Parliament of World | Name of Parliament of India | List of Parliament Names | Latest Parliament News | General Knowledge : Miscellaneous : Name of Parliament of Countries Name of Parliament of Countries ADVERTISEMENT Names of Parliaments of Some Important Countries S.No. Federal Parliament ( House of Representatives and Senate ) 4. Parliament ( House of Commons and Senate ) 7. Bundestag ( Lower House ) and Bundesrat ( Upper House ) 13. Parliament ( Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha ) 16. Parliament ( Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara ) 26. Federal Assembly ( Nationairat and Standerat ) 44. Congress ( House of Representatives and Senate ) Zambia National Assembly Tweet Name of Parliament of India – Name of Parliament of all Countries – Name of Parliament of World – India – Names of Parliaments – Countries and Parliaments Name – List of Countries and Parliament – Name of Parliament of Different Countries. Miscellaneous Related : Name of Parliament of India , Name of Parliament of all Countries, Name of Parliament of World , Name of Parliament of Countries, Names of Parliaments , Countries and Parliaments Name, List of Countries and Parliament , Name of Parliament of Different Countries, Names of Parliaments of Various Countries , Indian Parliament Name, Latest Parliament News of India , Current Affairs of Parliament, Parliament Current Events , Name of Parliament of China, Name of Parliament of Pakistan , Country and Parliament Name, Best Parliament in the World , List of Parliament Names of Countries, Parliament Name of USA , Parliament Name of China, Parliament of India , Parliament Names of Countries, Name of Parliament of Afghanistan , Name of Parliament of Japan, Name of Parliament of Nepal , Names for Parliament, Names of Houses of Parliament , Parliament Names of Different Countries, Parliament Names of Famous Countries , Parliament Names of the World, Name of World Parliaments , Japan Parliament Name, Parliament Names of all Countries , Parliament Names in the World, List of Parliament Names , Parliament Names of Various Countries, Parliament Names World , Norway Parliament Name, US Parliament Name , Name of Parliament of Russia, Name of Parliament of Malaysia , Name of German Parliament, List of Parliaments of the World , Posted In general knowledge : miscellaneous : Leave a response for name of parliament of countries by priya Leave a Comment for Name of Parliament of Countries


"Which German city is known as ""Aix-la-Chapelle in French?"

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Aachen Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > A > Aachen Aachen Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download . Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more  all for only $19.99... (In French , Aix-la-Chapelle, the name by which the city is generally known; in Latin Aquae Grani, later Aquisgranum). The city of Aachen lies in a Prussian valley, surrounded by wooded heights, on the Wurm, a tributary of the Roer, on its way to the Meuse. Population, 1 December, 1905, 151,922 (including the Parish of Forst); Catholics , 139,485; Protestants , 10,552; Israelites , 1,658; other denominations, 227. 1990 Population: about 250,000 — Ed. The city owes its origin to its salubrious springs which were already known in the time of the Romans. There appears to have been a royal court in Aachen under the Merovingians, but it rose to greater importance under Charlemagne who chose it as his favourite place of residence, adorned it with a noble-imperial palace and chapel , and gave orders that he should be buried there. The precious relics obtained by Charlemagne and Otho III for the imperial chapel were the objects of great pilgrimages in the Middle Ages (the so-called "Shrine Pilgrimages") which drew countless swarms of pilgrims from Germany, Austria , Hungary , England, Sweden , and other countries. From the middle of the fourteenth century onwards, however it became customary to expose the four great relics only once in every seven years, a custom which still holds. These pilgrimages , the coronations of the German emperors (thirty-seven of whom were crowned there between 813 and 1531), the flourishing industries and the privileges conferred by the various emperors combined to make Aachen one of the first cities of the Empire. The decay of Aachen dates from the religious strife of the German Reformation . Albrecht von Muenster first preached Protestantism there in the year 1524 but was afterwards forbidden to preach the new views and executed on account of two murders committed during his stay in the cities of Maastricht and Wesel. A new Protestant community was soon, however, formed in Aachen, which gradually attained such strength as to provoke a rising in 1581, force the election of a Protestant burgomaster, and defy the Emperor for several years. The Ban of the empire was, therefore, pronounced against the city in 1597 and put in force by the Duke of Julich, the Catholic overlord of the city. The Catholics were restored to their rights , and the Jesuits invited to Aachen, in 1600. In 1611, however, the Protestants rose afresh, plundered the Jesuit college , drove out the Catholic officials in 1612, and opened their gates to troops from Brandenburg . The Ban of the Empire was again laid on the city, and executed by the Spanish general, Spinola. The Protestant ringleaders were tried or exiled, and many other Protestants banished. These troubles, together with a great fire which destroyed 4,000 houses, put an end to the prosperity of the city. Two treaties of peace were concluded at Aachen during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. By the first, dated 2 May 1668, Louis XIV was compelled, by the Triple Alliance between England, the Netherlands , and Sweden , to abandon the war against the Spanish Netherlands, to restore the Franche Comte, which he had conquered, and to content himself with twelve Flemish fortresses. The second treaty, dated 18 October, 1748, put an end to the War of the Austrian Succession. In 1793 and 1794, Aachen was occupied by the French, incorporated with the French Republic in 1798 and 1802, and made the capital of the Department of the Roer. By the terms of the French Concordat of 1801 Aachen was made a bishopric subject to the Archbishop of Mechlin , and composed of 79 first class, and 754 second class, parishes . The first and only bishop was Marcus Antonius Berdolet (b. 13 September, 1740, at Rougemont, in Alsace 3; d. 13 August, 1809), who, for the most part, left the government of his diocese to his vicar-general


What emblem appears on the flag of Albania?

Albania This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website Albania Flag of Albania - Image by Clay Moss, 24 August 2014 Flag adopted 7 April 1992, coat of arms adopted 22 May 1993. Proportions: 5:7. Description: A red flag with a black double-headed eagle. Use: on land, as the civil, state and war flag, at sea, as the state ensign. Colour approximate specifications (Album des Pavillons [pay00] ) Pantone  CMYK (%) Red 186c  0 90 80 5 On this page: Albania: Index of all pages Description of the flag The flag of Albania ( image , website of the Presidency), nicknamed flamur e Skënderbeut ( the flag of Skanderbeg ), is red with a black double-headed eagle. Stephen Schwartz, 5 April 2001 The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012 [loc12] ) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Albania, PMS 485 red and black. The vertical flag has the eagle upright, i.e. not turned through 90 degrees. As depicted, the eagle occupies more of the flag than is shown above. On my monitor the eagle is approx. 29 mm high from a total width of 55 mm, and with a wingspan of 25 mm; in the protocol book, the eagle is 32 mm high out of 43 mm, with a wingspan of 28 mm. There is nothing in the book to indicate whether or not the images are exact scale drawings; presumably, having been passed by each NOC, they must at least closely resemble the real thing and its correct proportions. Ian Sumner, 10 October 2012 History of the flag Historical outline During its recent history, Albania used several flags which are variations of the basic design, a black double-headed eagle on a red background. Karl-Heinz Hesmer [hes92] describes these flags as follows: - 1914: Principality of Albania . The eagle has golden beak and claws and is holding golden arrows. Its heads is surmounted by a white five-pointed star. - 1920: First Republic . The flag was changed to a plain black eagle on red. - 1928: Kingdom of Albania . President (and Dictator) Ahmet Zogu proclaimed himself King Zog I. Now the eagle is surmounted by the helmet of Skanderbeg , which served as the Royal crown, in gold. - 1939: Italian occupation . Officially, Albania continued to be an "independent" Kingdom ruled by King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. The flag was changed to plain red with the new arms of the "Kingdom", a red shield charged with the black eagle surmounted by the helmet of Skanderbeg in black, the whole surrounded by two black fasces . Beneath the shield a black scroll is charged with the motto FERT in red letters. - 1944: Provisional government formed by the Partisans. The pre-war flag was reintroduced, with a golden star added in the upper corner near the hoist, subsequantly replaced by a hammer and sickle. - 1946: People's Republic of Albania . The symbol in the canton was removed while a red five-pointed star with a golden border was set above the heads of the eagle. - 1992: Republic of Albania. The star was removed and the basic design of the flag, a black eagle on a red field, was reestablished. Harald Müller, 19 October 1995 The flag of Skanderbeg The current national flag of Albania is said to have been the flag of Skanderbeg, the national hero of Albania, whose helmet is shown on the State emblem . Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (c. 1403-1468) was a member of the noble Kastrioti family, considered as originating from the hamlet of Kastrat, located on the plateau of Has, in northern Albania. Jean Kastrioti took control around 1400 of the region spreading from Tirana to Shkodra after a long struggle against the Balsha and Thopia families. Defeated in 1422 by the Ottoman Sultan Murad II (1404-1451, Sultan in 1421), Jean Kastrioti had to give him his son Gjergj as an hostage. Military trained in Adri


Where did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin meet in 1945 to plan the final defeat of Germany?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 | 1945: Black Sea talks plan defeat of Germany Search ON THIS DAY by date   About This Site | Text Only 1945: Black Sea talks plan defeat of Germany Plans are being drawn up by London, Washington and Moscow for the final phase of the war against Germany. Leaders of the three countries, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, US President Franklin D Roosevelt and Marshal Joseph Stalin, have been meeting at a secret location in the Black Sea area. A statement issued this evening is the first official confirmation of the talks which are said to have begun three days ago. They were there to discuss the future of Europe now that the end of the war was assured People's War memories » According to the statement issued by the Ministry of Information in London the purpose of the meeting is to complete plans for the defeat of the "common enemy" and to build firm foundations for a lasting peace. The three leaders, who are also accompanied by their chiefs of staff, foreign secretaries and other advisers, are said to have reviewed the latest information from all the battle fronts in Europe. The statement continued: "There is complete agreement for joint military operations in the final phase of the war against Nazi Germany. The military staffs of the three governments are now engaged in working out jointly the detailed plans." Discussions on how to secure a lasting peace have also been held. Topics likely to be considered are the occupation and control of Germany, the political and economic problems of a liberated Europe and proposals for an international organisation to maintain peace. A further communiqu� is to be issued at the conclusion of the talks. The statement gave no further details of the exact location of the meeting. But the Black Sea was considered an ideal choice as it gave Marshal Stalin easy access to Moscow and news from the eastern front. There has been some speculation the three leaders might appeal over the heads of the German leadership to the people themselves to get out of a "lost war". The German media has already issued warnings that any such appeal should be ignored as an attempt to undermine the fighting will of its forces. It seems likely much of the conference will be spent on working out the details of the administration of an occupied Germany. Already General Charles de Gaulle of France has declared his country would like to be involved. There is also the thorny issue of a Russo-Polish settlement as well as a need to get urgently needed food and other supplies distributed as quickly as possible. Presidential aide remembers the Yalta conference In Context What became known as the Yalta or Crimea Conference ended on 11 February. Its location was revealed to be the former imperial palace at Livadia in Yalta. An official agreement was published in which the three leaders declared their intention to combine their military plans and work in close partnership to defeat Germany. They also drew up plans for the occupation of Germany and agreed France should be a fourth occupying power. The leaders announced their determination to stamp out Nazism and to disarm and disband all German armed forces and bring all war criminals to justice. All liberated territories in Europe were to have democratic government. On the question of Poland, they agreed on plans for a provisional government until a free election could be held and also on where the border should lie between Poland and the USSR. An agreement was reached, without Churchill's knowledge, on the Soviet Union's territorial demands for joining the war against Japan. The leaders also called for a Conference of United Nations to meet on 25 April 1945. Stories From 7 Feb


Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal? View the step-by-step solution to: Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal? This question was answered on May 30, 2016. View the Answer Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal? rotten3                                                   posted a question · May 30, 2016 at 5:25pm Top Answer rapidd answered the question · May 30, 2016 at 5:41pm Other Answers The answer to this question... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29828240) ]} bestWriter8 answered the question · May 30, 2016 at 5:28pm FRANCE The French attempt to construct a waterway across the Isthmus was foredoomed to failure because the project fell into... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29828373) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions Need help with paper. For history. The first paper will focus on two of the major themes from the first half of our class: nationalism and imperialism. For Recently Asked Questions 3 History experts found online! Average reply time is                       less than an hour Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. - Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! - Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!


Which family ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? View the step-by-step solution to: Which family ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? This question was answered on May 30, 2016. View the Answer Which family ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? listone3                                                   posted a question · May 30, 2016 at 3:58pm Top Answer It is called Medici... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29827118) ]} rapidd answered the question · May 30, 2016 at 4:07pm Other Answers Here is the solution... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29827013) ]} Here's the explanation you needed for... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29827020) ]} The way to answer this question is ... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29827022) ]} opiyopinto answered the question · May 30, 2016 at 4:00pm   The family Medici' The House of Medici  was an Italian banking family, political dynasty and laterroyal house that... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29827120) ]} Feloo answered the question · May 30, 2016 at 4:07pm The Medici family, Explanation The Medici family, also known as the House of Medici, first attained wealth and political... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29827152) ]}