To which religious group did the chocolate manufacturing families Cadbury, Fry and Rowntree all belong?

Quaker Food? by Bill Samuel - QuakerInfo.com quakerinfo.com Search Bill Samuel's Web Sites Except for a few reprinted old documents, articles on this site are copyrighted by the author, and may not be reprinted without permission. You are, however, free to link to any article or page on this site without prior permission although it's nice to know who's linking to us. Bill Samuel by Bill Samuel Originally published February 1, 2000 at Suite101.com I ran a poll in the Suite101.com Quakerism topic with the question and response options indicated below. I have noted after each option the percent of respondents selecting that option as of the closing date of the poll. The popularization of what food is closely connected to members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)? Oatmeal (62%) All of the above (31%) None of the above (0%) Percentages do not add to 100% due to rounding. Oatmeal This seems like an obvious answer. Most of us have seen the Quaker Oats box, with its image of a Quaker in plain dress. However, the Quaker Oats Company has never been connected to members of the Religious Society of Friends. The developer of Quaker Oats liked the qualities described - integrity, honesty, purity - in an encyclopedia article about Quakers. Probably lots of Friends eat oatmeal, and sometimes the Quaker Oats brand, but Quakers did not popularize this particular food. In fact, at one time Friends tried to get the U.S. Congress to bar trademarks with religious connotations. Dry Breakfast Cereal Modern cereals are associated with a particular denomination, but it's not the Quakers. The Encyclopædia Brittanica states: The modern commercial concept of cereal food originated in the vegetarian beliefs of the American Seventh-day Adventists, who in the 1860s formed the Western Health Reform Institute, later renamed the Battle Creek Sanitarium, in Battle Creek, Mich. The entrepreneurial possibilities of the ground, thin-baked cereal dough served to the Sanitarium's patients inspired two men, C.W. Post and W.K. Kellogg, each to found his own business. Kellogg was a Seventh Day Adventist. I haven't been able to verify the religious affiliation of C.W. Post, but he was associated with a Seventh Day Adventist institution. Chocolate Bar Probably few people connect Quakers with chocolate. Yet Friends played a very important role in the popularization of chocolate. The Quaker Fry, Cadbury and Rowntree families dominated the British chocolate industry for two centuries. Friends were prominent in retail businesses and manufacturing. In Great Britain, since they were not members of the state church, they were denied the opportunity for university training and also to hold public office until the 19th century. Their faith understandings kept them from careers in the military and in the arts. The brightest and most creative Friends, therefore, often used their talents in the business sector. The medical profession was also available to Friends, since in the early days it was learned primarily by apprenticing, not university education. This is significant for Friends' involvement with chocolate, since chocolate was strongly recommended by physicians for its medicinal qualities in the 17th and early 18th centuries. Europeans learned about chocolate from the Mayan and Aztec civilizations in the Americas. In those days, chocolate was used almost exclusively as a beverage. In Europe, it was a luxury primarily available to the elite until the latter half of the 19th century. Quakers saw chocolate as an alternative to alcohol, and wished to make it available to working people as a healthy alternative. English Quakers Establish Chocolate Businesses In 1748, a Quaker physician named Joseph Fry opened an apothecary shop in Bristol, England. He taught himself a number of recipes for chocolate. In 1761, he purchased the Churchman apothecary shop and, with it, a royal patent for a machine used in making chocolate. His son, Joseph Storrs Fry, patented a new technique for grinding cocoa beans in 1795 using the Watts steam engine, and was the first cho


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Which author created the CIA agent Jack Ryan?

- Spy Guys And Gals Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 1984 Captain Ramius is the best sub captain the Soviet navy has to offer so it is natural to select Ramius to head the sea trials on their newest submarine. Then he decides to defect and the Soviets are after him and the only American who believes it is a simple CIA analyst named Jack Ryan. 2 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 1987 Though second in the series, it is a prequel. A young Jack Ryan, on vacation in London, halts an assassination attempt, resulting in the death of a terrorist. The remaining terrorist, brother to the first, makes a vow of vengeance against Ryan and the actions to bring about this retribution take him to Ireland and then to the United States. 3 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 1988 The Cardinal is the codename for the highest-placed American agent in the Soviet Union, a man who knows the truth about the Soviet missile defense system and the plans the Iron Curtain nation has for it. He is marked for elimination by the KGB. Jack Ryan is the CIA agent in charge of getting him out alive. 4 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 1989 When a friend of the President is murdered on his yacht in the Caribbean along with his family, the President is incensed. He vows vengeance on the drug cartels that ordered the hit. Jack Ryan is ordered to plan the main attack but soon must find a way to save his own men when they are abandoned by the administration. 5 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 1991 Much of Denver is destroyed in an atomic attack, taking the world to the edge of war as blame for the deaths of so many Americans seem to can lay fully at the feet of the Russian President. Jack Ryan, now Deputy Director of Intelligence at the CIA, has his doubts but no one is willing to listen. 5.5 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 1993 Related Book - For most of the series based around Jack Ryan, the figure of John Clark is there to carry out many of the secret missions necessary to keep the nation going. This book gets into the history of the man, showing the strange and frightening events that shaped the career of a remarkable character. 6 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 1994 Jack Ryan is now National Security Adviser to the President facing a power-crazed Japanese billionaire begins a campaign of conquest, using as fuel the blame he has assigned to the U.S. for the suicides of his parents fifty years before. The book's ending is truly stunning and horribly chilling in the wake of 9-11 years later. 7 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 1996 Newly sworn in President Jack Ryan must face the daunting task of rebuilding the government. Using the infrastructure that is still in place, he must ensure that the nation moves on even as it heals. The Iranians are not obliging and have an Ebola threat. 7.5 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 1998 Related Book - Responding to the success of a terrific computer action game of the same name, created and published by Red Storm Entertainment, this book details the creation of the Rainbow project by John Clark, a program designed to respond instantly to the many and varied terrorist attacks around the world. 8 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 2000 Jack Ryan's job as President keeps getting harder. Not making things easier is the attempted murder of the head of the Russian KGB, an act that has dangerous ramifications. No President can take the hands-on investigation but Ryan comes close. 9 Written by Tom Clancy Copyright: 2002 A tale from the early days of Jack Ryan, before he fully joined the CIA. Ryan is in London doing research when he is asked to help interrogate a Soviet defector with an amazing tale of a Russian plot to assassinate the Pope. 10 Written by Mark Greaney Copyright: 2013 The Russian President is determined to resume control over the former Soviet republics and to stop NATO expansion. Newly re-elected President Jack Ryan has to deal with a whole new version of the Cold War. 11 Written by Mark Greaney Copyright: 2014 To prove he deserves to be running North Korea after the death of his father, the current dictator has an audac


Which airship crashed, killing most of its passengers and crew, just outside of Beauvais in France on 5 October 1930?

British Airship R.101 Crashes, Killing 48 - This Day in 1930 | Airships.net British Airship R.101 Crashes, Killing 48 – This Day in 1930 Posted By: Dan Grossman October 5, 2014 On October 5, 1930, the British airship R.101 crashed on a hill in Beauvais, France. The impact was gentle and survivable but the ship was inflated with hydrogen , and the resulting fire incinerated 46 of the passengers and crew. Two additional crew members died of their injuries soon after. An Avoidable, Political Catastrophe The crash of R.101 was predictable and — more tragically — probably avoidable; the ship was doomed by mechanical problems that could have been repaired and operational mistakes that could have been avoided. R.101 was paid for by Parliament, built by a government agency, and controlled by the Air Ministry, and in an attempt to compete with the privately-built R.100 (which had just successfully crossed the Atlantic) and the German Graf Zeppelin (which had just successfully flown around the world), and to fulfill personal ambitions of the Air Minister, Lord Thomson, the government dispatched R.101 on a flight to India for which the ship was not prepared. R.101 was conceived and built as an experimental platform — a chance to try new and innovative techniques — but political forces insisted the ship be operated as fully-capable commercial vessel. Problems — inherent in any experimental design — were never fixed; flight trials were sacrificed in favor of VIP sightseeing; and the ship’s officers were pressed to make a flight to India for which the airship was not ready, without regard to weather, and with a load of fuel and unnecessary cargo that exceeded the ship’s abilities. During research at the UK National Archives I had the chilling experience of holding R.101’s Airworthiness Certificate in my hand; a document that should never have been issued. (photo, Dan Grossman) Fixable Problems and Final Disaster R.101 emerged from construction much heavier than expected, and with engines that were half as powerful and twice as heavy as planned. In an effort to increase lift the ship’s ingenious gas bag wiring system — which was specifically designed to keep the bags from chafing against the ship’s frame — was let out; the gas bags rubbed against the framework as predicted, creating thousands of holes and a massive leakage of lifting gas. Even after the ship was cut in half to insert an extra gas bag for additional lift, this problem was never fixed. The ship’s fabric covering was deteriorating and needed to be replaced, but in the rush to fly to India the most important section of rotted fabric was left in place. And despite marginal disposable lift, the ship was overloaded with fuel for the full flight to India, despite a planned refueling stop in Egypt, and with the personal baggage of the Air Minister, Lord Thomson, who brought crates of silverware, china, champagne, a carpet, and his 20-year old valet. To compensate for this unexpected weight R.101 had to drop most of its emergency ballast at the mast just to depart. The ship had never been flown at full speed, or on all engines, or in bad weather. But on October 4, 1930, the ship was dispatched to fly on all engines into a known storm, at a time of year known for bad weather, despite the recommendation of airship officers and meteorology experts. After struggling to maintain altitude over England and the Channel the ship crossed into France, where rain and wind damaged the unrepaired fabric at the nose of the ship and broke open gas bags in the bow, releasing the ship’s lifting gas. The overloaded and under-ballasted ship settled into a hillside in northern France and moments later the ship’s hydrogen erupted into flame. Calcium flares in the control car may have ignited, activated by exposure to water, but whatever the source of ignition, the fire destroyed the ship in minutes and killed most of those onboard, including Lord Thomson. A Good Ship, Poorly Used R.101 was a good experimental ship that, with necessary repairs and proper operational procedures, could have been a safe


Bohea Reviews | RateTea from Upton Tea Bohea, sometimes called Bohea souchong or Lapsang Bohea, is a type of black tea originating in the Wuyi mountains in Fujian, China . The name "Bohea" is the same as the name Wuyi (武夷), just a different romanization from Western culture, which often has trouble representing the phonetics of Chinese names. Nowadays, in the tea world, Bohea refers to the style of tea, and Wuyi refers to the mountainous region in which the tea originated. Bohea is famous for being the type of tea thrown overboard in the Boston Tea Party .[1] Bohea tea comes from a particular varietal of the tea plant.[2] The aroma of Bohea is smoky, similar to lapsang souchong . Like other souchongs, it is made from larger, mature leaves of the tea plant, with no tips. It thus tends to be lower in caffeine than standard grades of black tea, such as orange pekoe. References:


Which band leader's theme tune was 'Somebody Stole my Gal?

Billy Cotton | Biography & History | AllMusic google+ Artist Biography               by Eugene Chadbourne Billy Cotton , whose theme song was "Somebody Stole My Gal," was one of the most famous British dance band leaders. As both a drummer and vocalist, he had the talents to either stand in front of a band or back it up. Cotton 's group was known not only for its dance numbers but for its well-mounted comedy skits as well. He began his career as a drummer in the Royal Fusiliers at a mere 15 years old, and by 18, he'd received a commission in the Royal Flying Corps. As might be expected, military music was only a part of the picture and by night he would be behind the drums in various camp combos. After the war his syncopation was at first limited to the activities of a bus conductor and he also worked at jobs such as a butcher's roundsman and a millwright's assistant. Meanwhile a few gigs trickled in such as a spot with Gilbert Coombes & His Fifth Avenue Orchestra in Kilburn. In the early '20s he was hardly riding high in the music business; typical pay for a trio job of that period was a bit less than 10 bucks. Eventually, Cotton set his sights on starting his own band, including his cousin Laurie Johnson , whose talents included promotion as well as the violin. By 1925, Billy Cotton & His London Savannah Band was landing extended stints at venues such as the Southport Palais, with fine players Sid Lipton and Joe Ferrie in the band on violin and trombone, respectively. During the two-year life of this job, Cotton evolved from simply presenting dance music to mounting more of a visual stage act. As Cotton 's group moved from job to job, he began a series of recordings for the Metropole, Regal Zonaphone, Piccadilly, and Decca labels. The group was mostly known for its stage shows, however. As the public's taste for vaudeville diminished, Cotton made a smooth transition to new mediums. The Billy Cotton Band Show became popular over both radio and television in the '50s and '60s, and is credited with introducing the obnoxious expression "Wakey, wakey!," a sure-fire method of creating violence if whispered in the wrong sleepyhead's ear. The bandleader's hobbies outside of music sometimes got him even more attention. He was a racer and was reported as having driven an infamous car calle the Blue Bird at more than 120 miles per hour. Cotton was also an airplane pilot.


What structure was moved from Hyde Park to Sydenham in 1854?

1000+ images about 1854-1936 London, Crystal Palace at Sydenham on Pinterest | London location, Search and The crystals Forward Crystal Palace Railway Station, Norwood, London.(Photo Alsop.c.1908) This station opened in 1865 and closed in 1954. It was designed for visitors to the Crystal Palace and the Great Exhibition. The station could cope with 7-8000 passengers an hour. The arches housed a ticket office, a cafe and waiting room. See More


Which Worcester-based firm is the main manufacturer of Worcester Sauce?

Worcestershire Sauce recipe | The Taste of Aussie The Taste of Aussie Bringing the best recipes to you Search for: The Cook Leave a comment Worcestershire sauce, usually shortened to Worcester sauce, is a fermented liquid condiment. It is often an ingredient in Welsh Rarebit , Caesar Salad , Oysters Kilpatrick , and sometimes added to Chilli Con Carne , Beef Stew , Hamburgers , and other Beef Dishes . Worcestershire sauce is also used to flavour cocktails such as a Bloody Mary or Caesar . Known as salsa Inglesa (English sauce) in Spanish, it is also an ingredient in Michelada, the Mexican beer cocktail. Worcestershire sauce is made with anchovy and therefore may not be suitable for special diets. History of Worcestershire Sauce A fermented fish sauce called garum was a staple of Greco-Roman cuisine and of the Mediterranean economy of the Roman Empire, as the first-century encyclopaedist, Pliny the Elder writes in Historia Naturalis and the fourth/fifth-century Roman culinary text Apicius includes garum in its recipes. The use of similar fermented anchovy sauces in Europe can be traced back to the 17th century. The Lea & Perrins brand was commercialised in 1837 and has continued to be the leading global brand of Worcestershire sauce. Lea & Perrins Lea & Perrins Origin The origin of the Lea & Perrins recipe is unclear. The packaging originally stated that the sauce came “from the recipe of a nobleman in the county”. The company has also claimed that “Lord Marcus Sandys, ex-Governor of Bengal” encountered it while in India under the East India Company in the 1830s, and commissioned the local apothecaries to recreate it. However, author Brian Keogh concluded in his privately published history of the Lea & Perrins firm on the 100th anniversary of the Midland Road plant, that “No Lord Sandys was ever governor of Bengal, or as far as any records show, ever in India.” “Lord Marcus Sandys” may refer to Arthur Moyses William Sandys, 2nd Baron Sandys (1792–1860) of Ombersley Court, Worcestershire, who was a Lieutenant-General a member of the House of Commons at the time of the legend. The first name may be a confusion of his brother and heir, Arthur Marcus Cecil Sandys, 3rd Baron Sandys (1798–1863), although he did not succeed to the title until 1860, when the sauce was already established on the British market. The barony in the Sandys family (“sands”) had been revived in 1802 for the second baron’s mother, Mary Sandys Hill, so at the date of the legend, in the 1830s, “Lord” Sandys was actually a Lady. No identifiable reference to her could possibly appear on a commercially bottled sauce without a serious breach of decorum. A version of the story was published by Thomas Smith: We quote the following history of the well-known Worcester sauce, as given in the World. The label shows it is prepared “from the recipe of a nobleman in the county.” The nobleman may be Lord Sandys. Many years ago, Mrs. Grey, author of The Gambler’s Wife and other novels, was on a visit at Ombersley Court, when Lady Sandys chanced to remark that she wished she could get some very good curry powder, which elicited from Mrs. Grey that she had in her desk an excellent recipe, which her uncle, Sir Charles, Chief Justice of India, had brought thence, and given her. Lady Sandys said that there were some clever chemists in Worcester, who perhaps might be able to make up the powder. Messrs. Lea and Perrins looked at the recipe, doubted if they could procure all the ingredients, but said they would do their best, and in due time forwarded a packet of the powder. Subsequently the happy thought struck someone in the business that the powder might make a good sauce in solution. The profits now amount to thousands of pounds a year. According to historian and Herald for Wales, Major Francis Jones, 1908–1993, the introduction of the recipe can be attributed to Captain Henry Lewis Edwardes 1788–1866. Edwardes, originally of Rhyd-y-gors, Carmarthenshire, was a veteran of the Napoleonic wars and held the position of Deputy-Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire. He is believed to hav


Which Scottish soup's name derives from its main ingredients, chicken and leeks?

Slow-Cooker Cock-a-Leekie Soup recipe - from Tablespoon! Yes, that really IS the name of this soup! As prepared by Macheesmo, January 25, 2014 It may have the funniest name for a soup you've ever heard, but it's actually tasty – and fun to serve! I dare you to say the name of this soup three times and not crack a smile. It’s impossible! It’s the funniest soup name I’ve ever heard, which I guess isn’t saying that much. The history of this soup goes back many centuries. It’s a traditional soup from Medieval times and gets its odd name from its two main ingredients: Chicken and leeks. Some things stand the tests of time and Cock-a-Leekie Soup is one of those things. It’s peasant food at its core, but perfectly simple to make and great on a cold winter night.   This soup really has no exotic ingredients. All of the things are basic and can be found in any supermarket. I’ve adapted this version for a slow cooker to make it even easier to make.   If you’ve never worked with leeks before, they have a light onion flavor. Sometimes you want to dice them tiny for recipes, but for this soup you want to leave the leeks in large coins, which makes them easy to slice. When you are slicing them, just go up until the leeks turns a light green color. Don’t go too far up the stalk or the veggie will get stringy.   To start the soup, just add the ingredients to a slow cooker. In my opinion, the most important ingredient (besides the chicken and the leeks) is a big strip or two of lemon peel. This gives the soup a light lemon flavor as it cooks.   Add Progresso chicken broth to the slow cooker and enough water to almost cover the chicken. Depending on the size of your slow cooker, you might need a cup or two of water.   Cover this and cook it on low heat for about four hours. Then remove the chicken and shred it into large chunks.


Which Russian jeweller of French decent is famous for his intricate Easter Eggs of gold and diamonds, which he made for the Russian Tsars?

Peter Carl Faberge, German jeweller in St. Petersburg, Russia Born: St. Petersburg - 30 May 1846 Died: Lausanne, Switzerland - 24 September 1920 Peter Carl Faberge was one of the most famous jewellers in history, best known for the magnificent jewelled Easter eggs that he created for the Russian royal family. He was the eldest son of Gustav Faberge, a Baltic German jeweller of French Huguenot ancestry who moved from Livonia (modern Estonia) to St. Petersburg in 1842 and opened the House of Faberge on Bolshaya Morskaya Ulitsa in the Russian capital. In 1860, the family moved to Dresden, leaving the business in the hands of a trusted manager while Carl Faberge was groomed to take over the family business. He studied first in Dresden, and then with top goldsmiths in other major European cities, including Josef Friedman in Frankfurt, before returning to St. Petersburg in 1872. During the next decade, while the firm was involved with cataloguing and restoring the Hermitage's jewel collection, the House of Faberge continued to produce jewellery in the heavy French style fashionable at the time. Faberge jewelry In 1882, Carl Faberge was named a Master Jeweller and at the Pan-Russian Exhibition in Moscow Tsar Alexander III bought a pair of Faberge cufflinks and personally praised Faberge for his replica of a gold Scythian bracelet from the 4th century BC, kept in the Hermitage, saying that Faberge . Drawing inspiration from the treasures he had seen in museums and private collections throughout Europe, especially the Grunes Gewolbe (Green Vault) in Dresden, from the eclecticism and intricacy of newly fashionable Art Nouveau, and from Russian folk traditions, Faberge had begun to design more and more artistic jewellery and objets d'art. Alexander III ordered the first Faberge egg (the First Hen Egg) as an Easter gift for his wife, Empress Maria Fyodorovna, in 1885. The egg, made of gold covered with white enamel, opened to reveal a matte yellow gold yolk which contained a gold hen with ruby eyes. The hen in turn had a hinged tale, and inside were a diamond model of the Imperial crown and a ruby pendant that could be worn on a chain. The egg was such a success that the House of Faberge was immediately made "goldsmith by special appointment to the Imperial Court", and each year from then until the October Revolution (except for 1904 and 1905, due to the Russo-Japanese War), Alexander III and then his heir Nicholas II presented an original Faberge egg to the Russian Empress (Nicholas gave one egg to his wife, Alexandra Fyodorovna, and one to his mother). In total, Faberge produced at least 52 eggs for the Imperial family, each designed to a theme, often drawn from notable events in Russia or Romanov anniversaries and celebrations, and each featuring a surprise when opened, often with intricate mechanisms. These were a surprise even to the Emperor himself, as Alexander gave Carl Faberge carte blanche to conceive and design the eggs, and knew nothing until the egg was collected from the jeweller a few days before Christmas. Among the most famous are the Trans-Siberian Egg of 1900 and the vast Moscow Kremlin Egg of 1906, which marked the first visit by Nicholas and Alexandra to Moscow. Famous Easter-eggs by Faberge The Imperial Eggs brought the House of Faberge immediate international success. Eggs were presented to Romanov relatives in royal and aristocratic houses throughout Europe, and smaller versions worn as pendants became highly fashionable accessories. The Faberge output was not limited to eggs, however. The company produced all types of jewellery, ornaments and tableware, with branches in Moscow, Kiev, Odessa and London. The House of Faberge became the largest jewellery manufacturer in Russia, producing over 150 000 pieces by the time of the October Revolution. In 1900, Faberge commissioned the architect Carl Schmidt, son of a German engineer, to design new premises for the company. The Art Nouveau building at 24, Bolshaya Morskaya Ulitsa contained not only the ground floor store, but also the Faberge family's 15-room apartmen


Boudicca - Ancient History Encyclopedia Boudicca by Joshua J. Mark published on 08 November 2013 Boudicca was the Celtic Queen of the Iceni tribe of modern-day East Anglia, Britain , who led a revolt against Rome in 60/61 CE. The Iceni King, Prasutagus, an independent ally of Rome, divided his estate between his daughters and King Nero of Rome. When Prasutagus died, however, his lands were taken by Rome and the Iceni lost their status as allies. When his wife, Boudicca, objected to this action she was flogged and her two daughters raped. She mounted a revolt against Rome which left the ancient Roman cities of Camulodunum, Londinium and Verulamium in ruins and over 80,000 Roman citizens of Britain dead. She was defeated at the Battle of Watling Street by the Roman Governor Gaius Suetonius Paulinus chiefly by his judicious choice of battlefield and allowing her army to cut off its own escape route by encircling their rear with their wagons, animals and families. Boudicca is said to have committed suicide by poisoning herself after her defeat. The primary sources of the story of Boudicca's revolt are the Roman historians, Publius Cornelius Tacitus (56-117 CE) and Cassius Dio (150-235 CE). These two offer different versions of the story in that Tacitus claims the revolt sprang from the ill treatment of the Iceni following Prasutagus' death while Dio writes that the cause of the uprising was a dispute over a loan. Remove Ads Advertisement The other significant difference in the versions is that Dio makes no mention of the flogging of Boudicca or the rape of her daughters and claims she died of wounds incurred in battle, not by poisoning. Tacitus' account is generally accepted as being more factual because his father-in-law, Gnaeus Julius Agricola (40-93 CE) was the governor in Britain chiefly responsible for the successful conquest of the region and served as Tacitus' primary source of information. There is no doubt of Agricola's participation in the suppression of Boudicca's revolt, serving under Suetonius as a young soldier in 61 CE. Causes of Boudicca's Rebellion Boudicca was flogged and her daughters raped.  Tacitus writes, "Prasutagus, king of the Iceni, after a life of long and renownded prosperity, had made the emperor co-heir with his own two daughters. Prasutagus hoped by this submissiveness to preserve his kingdom and household from attack. But it turned out otherwise. [After his death] kingdom and household alike were plundered like prizes of war , the one by Roman officers, the other by Roman slaves. As a beginning, his widow Boudicca was flogged and their daughters raped. The Icenian chiefs were deprived of their hereditary estates as if the Romans had been given the whole country. The king's own relatives were treated like slaves. And the humiliated Iceni feared still worse, now that they had been reduced to provincial status. So they rebelled." (Eyewitness to Ancient Rome, 197). The historian Miranda Aldhouse-Green cites an earlier Iceni rebellion, in 47 CE, as the cause of Prasutagus' elevation to chief of the tribe. This rebellion was unsuccessful and it is unclear what role Prasutagus played in it but it seems clear that the Romans saw Prasutagus as a leader who could keep the peace between the Iceni and Rome. Aldhouse-Green also notes the significance of Prasutagus' will, which divided his estate between his daughters and Rome and omitted Boudicca, as evidence of the queen's hostility toward Rome. It is argued that, by leaving her out of the will, Prasutagus hoped his daughters would continue his policy of cooperation. After his death, however, all hope of the Iceni existing peacefully with Rome was lost. Advertisement Boudicca's War Boudicca first struck the city of Camulodunum (modern Colchester) where she massacred the inhabitants and destroyed the settlement. Governor Suetonius was engaged in putting down an uprising on the Island of Mona and so the Roman citizens appealed to imperial agent Catus Decianus. He sent a lightly armed force of 200 men who proved ineffective in defense of the city. The Ninth


What American state's capital is Montgomery?

Montgomery, city, United States Encyclopedia  >  Places  >  United States, Canada, and Greenland  >  U.S. Political Geography Montgomery Montgomery, city (1990 pop. 187,106), state capital and seat of Montgomery co., E central Ala., near the head of navigation on the Alabama River just below the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, and in the rich Black Belt ; inc. 1819. It is an industrial city and an important market center for lumber and agricultural goods, especially livestock and dairy products. There are stockyards and meatpacking plants. Manufactures include motor vehicles and vehicle parts, commercial fertilizer, furniture, air conditioning and heating units, food items, and paper. Montgomery became the state capital in 1847 and boomed as a river port and cotton market. The city has been called the "Cradle of the Confederacy." In the capitol building (erected 1857) the convention met (Feb., 1861) that formed the Confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis was inaugurated president on the capitol steps, and the city served as the Confederate capital until the seat was moved to Richmond in May, 1861. The city was occupied by Union troops in the spring of 1865. During the civil-rights movement in the 1950s and 60s, Montgomery was marked by demonstrations led by Martin Luther King , Jr., who was a minister there in the mid-1950s. In Dec., 1955, African Americans organized a nonviolent boycott of the segregated public bus system; by the following year a desegregation edict regarding public transportation was issued. Racial unrest ensued in the 1960s. The city is the seat of Alabama State Univ., a campus of Auburn Univ., Southern Christian Univ., and Huntingdon College. Maxwell Air Force Base, adjoining the city on the northwest, and its Gunter Annex, on the northeast, are the home of Air Univ. In addition to the historic state capitol, points of interest in Montgomery include the "first White House of the Confederacy" (built c.1825), preserved as a Confederate museum; a planetarium; a museum of fine arts; the state archives and history museum; many antebellum homes and buildings; and the Civil Rights Memorial by Maya Lin . The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.


In the Church of England, which office is below that of a bishop, but is the head of the chapter of a cathedral?

GENUKI: Glossary for Genuki Yorkshire Hierarchy of the Church of England in the 1820 period (and later.) Section One, the 1820 period (and before). The following is intended to show the functions of the various people in the Church of England at around the time which the Topographical Dictionary of Yorkshire and other books transcribed on this site were written. It is a combination of several people's inputs, each of whom have agreed that it is correct; this does not of course mean that it is, and if you know something we don't, or feel something should be added, then please drop me a line via the link at the bottom of the page. Thanks - Colin Hinson THE MONARCH               |          THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND            (THE HOLY MEN)               |             ARCHBISHOPS        OF CANTERBURY  OF YORK               |   An Archbishop has a see.               |              BISHOPS A bishop has a cathedra               |   (literally a bishop's seat)               |   this is housed in a cathedral.               |   A bishop has a diocese               |           SUFRAGAN BISHOPS Have no cathedral               |    Responsible for part of               |     a Bishop's diocese               |     ________________(PRIESTS)_______     |          |      |    RECTOR         |     VICAR  Has a historical living  |  Same eclesiastical  Appointed by the Patron.  |  status as a Rector.  Can't be sacked easily.  | Can be easily sacked.  Can be an honorary Dean.  |  (See note below)  (see note below)     |               |               |     ____________________|     |          |    CURATE |  (in old days)       | Wasn't high born.      | Had a parish where the   |  living was not good    |  enough for a Vicar/Rector. |   (See note below)     |               |              DEACON            Trainee Priest       (Literally a helper/assistant/servant) GOVERNMENT OF THE CHURCH DEAN - (can be a priest)               |  Responsible for the Cathedral               |   fabric and the day to day               |   running and finances.               |             CHAPTER  (group of men)             contains               |               |             ARCHDEACONS (are priests)             CANONS     RURAL DEAN   usually a priest Responsible for a Deanery (the fabric thereof) A deanery is a group of   parishes. Note: Rector: The parson of a parish church. Rectory: a Parish Church, Parsonage or spiritual living with all its rights, glebes, tithes etc. Vicar: The parson of a parish where the tithes are impropriated. Vicarage (endowed): is one which has a sufficient revenue for the maintenance of the Vicar, when the Benefice is impropriated. Impropriate: to employ the revenues of a church living for his own use. ("his own use" means the use of a chapter, religious house or layman. The Vicar receives only a smaller tithes or a salary.) My 1850 dictionary says: Rector: A clergyman who has the charge and cure of a parish, and has the parsonage and tithes; or the parson of a parish where the tithes are not impropriate: in the contrary case, the parson is a Vicar. Curate: A clergyman in the Church of England who is employed to perform divine service in the place of the incumbent, parson or vicar. He must be licensed by fixed estate in the curacy, he may be removed at pleasure. But some curates are perpetual. Further information on Parsons and Vicars (relating particularly to Northern Ireland) from Malcolm McClure in 2005: He says: I reached your web-page after findi


What was the punishment of the six Trade Unionists, the Tolpuddle Martyrs?

Welcome | Tolpuddle Martyrs Contact Us Welcome In the 1830s life in villages like Tolpuddle was hard and getting worse. Farm workers could not bear yet more cuts to their pay. Some fought back by smashing the new threshing machines but this brought harsh punishments. In 1834, farm workers in west Dorset formed a trade union. Unions were lawful and growing fast but six leaders of the union were arrested and sentenced to seven years’ transportation for taking an oath of secrecy. A massive protest swept across the country. Thousands of people marched through London and many more organised petitions and protest meetings to demand their freedom. The Tolpuddle Martyrs Museum tells the harrowing tale of the Martyrs arrest, trial and punishment, leading to the foundation of modern day trade unionism. The Festival 15-17 July 2016 Every year in July, thousands of people to enjoy the Tolpuddle Martyrs' Festival. It is a weekend of family entertainment, stalls, political debate, comedy, music and a grand procession through the village. As the sun rose on 24th February 1834, Dorset farm labourer George Loveless set off to work, saying goodbye to his wife Betsy and their three children. About In the 1830s life in villages like Tolpuddle was hard and getting worse. Farm workers could not bear yet more cuts to their pay. Some fought back by smashing the new threshing machines but this brought harsh punishments. In 1834, farm workers in west Dorset formed a trade union. Unions were lawful and growing fast but six leaders of the union were arrested and sentenced to seven years’ transportation for taking an oath of secrecy. A massive protest swept across the country. Thousands of people marched through London and many more organised petitions and protest meetings to demand their freedom.


Roy Plomley was, in 1944, the creator and first presenter of which radio programme?

BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs - Presenters Desert Island Discs Presenters Roy Plomley Roy Plomley, the programme's creator, presented the programme for 43 years. Starting out as a stage and film actor, he began working in radio in 1936 as an announcer on Radio Normandy. Following a stint with International Radio, broadcasting from Paris and London, he began to freelance for the BBC in 1940. Although he also wrote plays, and presented other programmes such as One Minute, Please, he will be forever associated with Desert Island Discs. He wrote several books about the programme: Desert Island Discs (1975), Desert Island Picks (1982) and Desert Island Lists (1984, with his producer then, Derek Drescher). Michael Parkinson Michael Parkinson was asked to take the chair following Roy Plomley's death in May 1985. His first castaway, on 5th January 1986, was the film director Alan Parker. Parkinson, widely celebrated for his successful TV chat-show, had already himself appeared as a castaway on 19th Feb 1972. Between 1986 and 1988, he presented nearly 100 programmes but by the end of 1987 he'd decided to move on. On 13th March 1988 he interviewed his final castaway - athlete Brendan Foster Sue Lawley Sue Lawley was well-known as a TV reporter, newsreader and presenter & had appeared as a castaway on 8th November 1987, interviewed by Michael Parkinson. Her first guest was Lord Hailsham (Quintin Hogg), who was castaway on 27th March 1988. Describing the role as “one of the best jobs in broadcasting”, Sue went on to interview a further 771 people from all aspects of public life including politics, entertainment, science and sport. On 27th August 2006, her final castaway was the actress Dame Joan Plowright, Sir Laurence Olivier’s widow. Kirsty Young Journalist and broadcaster Kirsty Young opened her tenure as presenter by interviewing the illustrator Quentin Blake on 1st October 2006. Among her guests have been musicians Morrissey, Sir Tom Jones, Alice Cooper, and Barry Manilow, politicians Nick Clegg, Alex Salmond and Alan Johnson, actors Sir Michael Caine, Kathy Burke and June Spencer. In addition to Desert Island Discs, since 2008 she has been the presenter of Crimewatch on BBC One and has also presented the documentary series The British Family and The British at Work. Other Desert Island Discs presenters Two other people have presented editions of Desert Island Discs - Leslie Perowne, Head of Popular Record Programmes at the BBC, who interviewed Roy Plomley the first time he appeared as a castaway in May 1942. On the second occasion Plomley was castaway, in May 1958, he was interviewed by Eamonn Andrews. Strictly speaking, therefore, six people have presented Desert Island Discs over its sixty years, although only Roy Plomley, Michael Parkinson, Sue Lawley and Kirsty Young can genuinely be called 'Desert Island Discs presenters' in the accepted sense.


Which chat-show host made his name with the 1989 series The Last Resort?

Jonathan Ross - TV.com Jonathan Ross EDIT Jonathan Stephen Ross was born in 1960 in London, one of six children. He started out as a researcher on Channel 4 but soon made his name as the presenter on The Last Resort . He moved to radio in the 80s but continued to work prolifically on Television… more Credits S 6:   Ep 10 8 March 2014 3/8/14 S 6:   Ep 9 1 March 2014 3/1/14 S 6:   Ep 8 22 February 2014 2/22/14 S 6:   Ep 7 15 February 2014 2/15/14 S 6:   Ep 6 8 February 2014 2/8/14 S 1:   Ep 9 Episode 8 8/28/11 S 1:   Ep 8 Episode 7 7/30/11 S 1:   Ep 7 Episode 6 7/23/11 S 1:   Ep 6 Episode 5 7/16/11 S 1:   Ep 5 Episode 4 7/9/11 S 9:   Ep 6 Comic Relief 2011 3/18/11 S 8:   Ep 12 RND 2009 - Funny For Money 3/13/09 S 7:   Ep 8 RND 2007 - The Big One 3/16/07 S 35:   Ep 10 Tuesday November 3rd 2009 11/3/09 S 35:   Ep 9 Tuesday October 27th 2009 10/27/09 S 35:   Ep 8 Tuesday 20th October 2009 10/20/09 S 35:   Ep 7 Tuesday 15th September 9/15/09 S 35:   Ep 1 Tuesday 27th January 1/27/09 S 35:   Ep 6 Tuesday 8th September 9/8/09 S 35:   Ep 5 Tuesday 15th April 4/15/09 S 35:   Ep 4 Tuesday 11th April 4/11/09 S 35:   Ep 3 Tuesday 10th February 2/10/09 S 35:   Ep 2 Tuesday 3rd February 2/3/09 S 34:   Ep 1 October 21st 2008 10/21/08 S 1:   Ep 62 62nd British Academy Film Awards 2/8/09 S 1:   Ep 1 The 61st BAFTA Awards 2/10/08 S 6:   Ep 3 Helen Mirren 6/11/07 S 6:   Ep 2 Jack Lemmon 4/11/06 S 6:   Ep 1 Harrison Ford 4/4/06 S 5:   Ep 1 Dustin Hoffman 3/8/04 S 4:   Ep 1 Sir Michael Caine 3/11/03 S 2:   Ep 6 Kawai (Cute) 10/12/06 S 2:   Ep 5 Bushido (Samurai Spirit) 10/5/06 S 2:   Ep 4 Owarai (Comedy) 9/28/06 S 2:   Ep 3 Zoku (Tribes) 9/21/06 S 2:   Ep 2 Otaku (Nerds) 9/14/06 S 19:   Ep 8 Series 19, Episode 8 12/12/05 S 19:   Ep 7 Series 19, Episode 7 9/24/05 S 19:   Ep 6 Series 19, Episode 6 8/13/05 S 19:   Ep 5 Series 19, Episode 5 8/6/05 S 19:   Ep 4 Series 19, Episode 4 7/31/05 S 1:   Ep 12 Live Final 3/27/04 S 1:   Ep 1 The Launch 1/10/04 S 2:   Ep 4 Make It So 9/16/01 S 2:   Ep 2 From Enterprise to Franchise 9/16/01 S 2:   Ep 1 Star Trek Night Introduction 9/16/01 S 4:   Ep 17 The Last Resort: 12/24/97 S 4:   Ep 15 Episode 56 12/23/88 S 4:   Ep 14 Episode 55 12/16/88 S 4:   Ep 13 Episode 54 12/9/88 S 2:   Ep 10 Series 2 Results 8/30/97 S 2:   Ep 9 Series 2 Final 8/30/97 S 2:   Ep 8 Series 2 Episode 8 8/23/97 S 2:   Ep 7 Series 2 Episode 7 8/16/97 S 2:   Ep 6 Series 2 Episode 6 8/9/97 S 1:   Ep 6 Episode 6 11/15/96 S 1:   Ep 5 Episode 5 11/8/96 S 1:   Ep 4 Episode 4 11/1/96 S 1:   Ep 3 Episode 3 10/25/96 S 1:   Ep 2 Episode 2 10/18/96 S 1:   Ep 14 David Copperfield 8/26/94 S 1:   Ep 13 Billy Joel 4/28/94 S 1:   Ep 12 Barry Manilow 4/21/94 S 1:   Ep 11 Hulk Hogan 4/14/94 S 1:   Ep 10 Michael Bolton 4/7/94 S 1:   Ep 1 Series 1 Episode 1 7/19/94 S 1:   Ep 0 Pilot 12/26/93 S 1:   Ep 2 Episode 2 11/23/93 S 3:   Ep 1 Episode 29 5/6/88 S 1:   Ep 3 Episode 3 1/23/87 S 1:   Ep 2 Episode 2 1/16/87 S 1:   Ep 1 Jackie Chan Recurring Role (4) S 13:   Ep 3 Episode 3 3/5/16 S 12:   Ep 7 Episode 7 4/4/15 S 10:   Ep 7 Series 10 Episode 7 4/6/13 S 10:   Ep 2 Series 10 Episode 2 3/2/13 S 6:   Ep 6 Series 6, Episode 6 10/21/06 S 6:   Ep 3 RND 2005 - Big Hair & Beyond 3/11/05 S 3:   Ep 6 RND 1999 - The Record Breaker 3/12/99 S 1:   Ep 10 RND 1995 - Behind the Nose 3/17/95 S 7:   Ep 7 Series 7, Episode 7 2/27/99 S 7:   Ep 5 Series 7, Episode 5 2/13/99 S 7:   Ep 3 Series 7, Episode 3 1/30/99 S 7:   Ep 2 Series 7, Episode 2 1/23/99 S 6:   Ep 3 Series 6, Episode 3 10/4/98 S 1:   Ep 2 Episode 2 8/22/16 S 1:   Ep 1 Episode 1 8/15/16 S 1:   Ep 2 Episode 2 8/22/15 S 1:   Ep 1 Episode 1 8/15/15 S 1:   Ep 6 Episode 6 5/16/15 S 2:   Ep 4 Episode 4 5/10/15 S 1:   Ep 4 Episode 4 10/1/14 S 2:   Ep 10 The Land of Happy Donkeys 3/10/15 S 18:   Ep 12 Christmas Special 2014 12/23/14 S 4:   Ep 4 Episode 30 11/3/06 S 26:   Ep 59 Wednesday 9th October 2013 10/9/13 S 9:   Ep 14 Friday 2


In France, a charcuterie is a shop specialising in which meat?

Charcuterie 101: Essential French Cured Meats and More | Serious Eats Charcuterie 101: Essential French Cured Meats and More 7 [Photographs: Vicky Wasik] Done right, the charcuterie board is an awe-inspiring sight. There are the meats, of course, in a smorgasbord of cuts, cures, and flavors. And then there are the mustard and pickles and crusty baguettes, and the fact that we get to eat it all with our hands. In a world where fine dining typically comes with dainty cutlery and elegant plating, charcuterie speaks to a different, gloriously primal, kind of indulgence. But what exactly is French charcuterie? How does it differ from, say, the cured meats of Italy , or the bounty of smoked Delikatessen meats made in neighboring Germany? And what do experts consider the most noteworthy items under the charcuterie umbrella? The word itself comes from the French words chair, meaning "flesh," and cuit, meaning "cooked." It first entered the culinary lexicon in the 15th century to represent storefronts specializing in the preparation of pig and offal at a time when shop owners weren't allowed to sell uncooked pork. These owners, charcutiers, would hang inventory in their shop windows to draw customers in. It worked: The craft was mastered, and a culture was born. As for how it's defined today? Elias Cairo, founder and charcutier of Oregon's Olympia Provisions, puts it simply: "Charcuterie is value-added meat," he says, "where something is added, be it salt or heat, to enhance flavor and prolong shelf life." So, really, charcuterie is an exercise in crafty innovation—resulting from a need to preserve the fruits of a day's hunt. Smoked meats and fish came first. Cured meats came second. Once processed, many products in the charcuterie canon were covered with melted fat, either butter or rendered poultry fat, to maximize stability and prevent spoilage. Then again, these methods of preservation are practiced internationally. So what makes French charcuterie so diverse and unique? "The French rely on amazing technique," says Cairo. "But they're so good at farming and processing, too, and have such respect for ingredients." And, when most charcuterie items are little more than pork and a few spices, it's crucial that each be of the highest caliber. "French chefs place such value not only on the end product, but [on] the entire process and where the food comes from," says Camille Collins, marketing director for Les Trois Petits Cochons, the 40-year-old charcuterie founded by Alain Sinturel and Jean Pierre Pradié in Manhattan's Greenwich Village. French charcuterie has always been shaped by regional variety as well, which contributes to its vast inventory. "Each region uses its geographic strengths," Sinturel wrote in an email, "and uses the wealth of ingredients that are readily available in that particular area." The full list of French charcuterie items is long and not at all lean, but there are a few that experts consider classics. So let's open a bottle of wine, break into some fresh bread, and dig in. Pâté "Pâtés and terrines, broadly speaking, are essentially big sausages cooked in some sort of mold," Michael Ruhlman writes in Charcuterie: The Craft of Salting, Smoking, and Curing , the book he coauthored in 2005 with Brian Polcyn. Put simply, they're a mixture of fat, meat, and seasonings that can be ground or puréed. The grind can vary from coarse to fine, and pork is the dominant pâté meat. But in the US, says Collins, "we have a broad umbrella and use the word 'pâté' very loosely." She talks about her own experience in France, where the structure of definitions is less rigid. But for the American market, which is less familiar with charcuterie products, Les Trois Petits Cochons distinguishes pâtés as coarse in texture, meat-based (from mostly duck, chicken, and rabbit), hearty, and garnished with spices and, occasionally, vegetables. Pâté de campagne, the most common, is a coarse grind of lean and fatty pork with spices and little, if any, liver. More lavish versions are found baked in pastry dough (en croûte), in a mold (en te


Which actor played Al Jolson in The Jolson Story and it sequel?

The Jolson Story (1946) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error | Biography , Drama , Music | 10 October 1946 (USA) This movie shows the idealized career of the singer Al Jolson, a little Jewish boy who goes against the will of his father in order to be in showbiz. He becomes a star, falls in love with a... See full summary  » Director: a list of 42 titles created 20 Mar 2011 a list of 22 titles created 05 Aug 2011 a list of 28 titles created 01 Oct 2011 a list of 39 titles created 08 Feb 2012 a list of 27 titles created 26 Dec 2013 Title: The Jolson Story (1946) 7.5/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     2     Oscars. Another    1 win & 5 nominations. See more awards  » Photos In this sequel to The Jolson Story, we pick up the singer's career just as he has returned to the stage after a premature retirement. But his wife has left him and the appeal of the ... See full summary  » Director: Henry Levin In post-war Berlin, an American private helps a lost Czech boy find his mother. Director: Fred Zinnemann An unwed mother, forced to give up her child to avoid scandal, follows her son's life from afar even as she prospers in business. Director: Mitchell Leisen When a woman's twin sister is drowned, she assumes her identity in order to be close to the man she feels her sister took from her years before. Director: Curtis Bernhardt When the head of a large manufacturing firm dies suddenly from a stroke, his vice-presidents vie to see who will replace him. Director: Robert Wise A widowed doctor of both Chinese and European descent falls in love with a married American correspondent in Hong Kong during China's Communist revolution. Directors: Henry King, Otto Lang Stars: William Holden, Jennifer Jones, Torin Thatcher A financier from New York rules his numerous family, consisting of his wife and his four sons, with the meticulousness of a bookkeeper. Director: Michael Curtiz Katie Holstrom leaves the farm to become a nurse, but is sidetracked into domestic service, romance, and politics. Director: H.C. Potter In post-war Cape Breton, a doctor's efforts to tutor a deaf/mute woman are undermined when she is raped, and the resulting pregnancy causes scandal to swirl. Director: Jean Negulesco In Nazi Germany in 1936 seven men escape from a concentration camp. The camp commander puts up seven crosses and, as the Gestapo returns each escapee he is put to death on a cross. The ... See full summary  » Director: Fred Zinnemann A mysterious girl inspires a struggling artist. Director: William Dieterle Boxer Midge Kelly rises to fame...mainly by stepping on other people. Director: Mark Robson Church Choir     (as Mitchell 'Boychoir') Rest of cast listed alphabetically: Edit Storyline This movie shows the idealized career of the singer Al Jolson, a little Jewish boy who goes against the will of his father in order to be in showbiz. He becomes a star, falls in love with a non-Jewish dancer, and marries her. In the end he chooses success on the stage. Written by Stephan Eichenberg <eichenbe@fak-cbg.tu-muenchen.de> 10 October 1946 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Did You Know? Trivia Interestingly, the cover picture of "The Jolson Story" soundtrack album, consisted of a drawing of two hands with white gloves, with no reference to his, at times controversial, "black face" makeup. See more » Goofs Julie's shoes change to a different style when she walks out to the balcony after singing "California Here I Come". See more » Quotes Al Jolson : ...trying to make songs out of music I picked up. Music nobody ever heard of before, but the only kind I want to sing. When You Were Sweet Sixteen (uncredited) You Haven't Lived Till You Have Seen It 25 February 2005 | by sturtz (United States) – See all my reviews The best movie ever made about the best


In the TV series 'Upstairs Downstairs' what was the name of the butler played by Gordon Jackson?

Upstairs, Downstairs (TV Series 1971–1975) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The trials of the British aristocratic Bellamy family and their household staff. Stars: After nearly 30 years, the Bellamy saga ends with the sale of 165 Eaton Place and a fresh beginning for every member of the household. 9.3 James returns to England, with new found vigor and untold wealth, on the eve of the October 1929 stock market crash. 9.2 News of the Titanic disaster arrives at Eaton Place, and the entire household anxiously await word of Lady Marjorie's fate. 8.9 a list of 30 titles created 12 Jun 2011 a list of 25 titles created 19 Jul 2012 a list of 48 titles created 14 Mar 2013 a list of 29 titles created 23 Nov 2014 a list of 31 titles created 09 Jan 2015 Search for " Upstairs, Downstairs " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Title: Upstairs, Downstairs (1971–1975) 8.4/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Golden Globe. Another    13 wins & 19 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A new family and their servants live at the London townhouse at 165 Eaton Place in 1936. Stars: Keeley Hawes, Ed Stoppard, Adrian Scarborough Louisa Trotter works her way up from being a skivvy to being the Queen of cooks, cook to the King, and owner of the Bentinck Hotel. Her life and happenings among the guests and staff of the... See full summary  » Stars: Gemma Jones, Victoria Plucknett, John Welsh The Forsyte Saga (TV Mini-Series 1967) Drama The extended Forsyte family live a more than pleasant upper middle class life in Victorian and later Edwardian England. The two central characters are Soames Forsyte and his cousin Jolyon ... See full summary  » Stars: Eric Porter, Margaret Tyzack, Nyree Dawn Porter James Onedin marries Anne Webster in order to get his hands on a ship. However the marriage turns out to be one of true love. James is ruthless in his attempt to get a shipping line started... See full summary  » Stars: Peter Gilmore, Jessica Benton, Howard Lang The trials and misadventures of the staff of a country veterinary office in 1940's Yorkshire. Stars: Christopher Timothy, Robert Hardy, Peter Davison Brideshead Revisited (TV Mini-Series 1981) Drama | Romance An aristocratic English family is shown in the years between the Great War and The Second World War, often at the crumbling family estate, Brideshead Manor, trying to deal with family ... See full summary  » Stars: Jeremy Irons, Diana Quick, Roger Milner Elizabeth R (TV Mini-Series 1971) Biography | Drama When Elizabeth Tudor comes to the throne, her (male) advisers know she has to marry. Doesn't she? Thus starts a decades-long political/ matrimonial game, during an age of high passions and high achievement. Stars: Glenda Jackson, Ronald Hines, Robert Hardy The British Raj: though their position seems secure, thoughtful English men and women know that "their" time in India is coming to an end. The story begins with an unjust arrest for rape, ... See full summary  » Stars: Tim Pigott-Smith, Geraldine James, Wendy Morgan In 1783, Ross Poldark returns from the American wars to his native Cornwall to right wrongs and reunite with the love of his life. Stars: Robin Ellis, Angharad Rees, Clive Francis The Barchester Chronicles (TV Mini-Series 1982) Drama When a crusade against the Church of England's practice of self-enrichment misfires, scandal taints the cozy community of Barchester when their local church becomes the object of a scathing, investigative report. Stars: Donald Pleasence, Janet Maw, Nigel Hawthorne Edward the King (TV Series 1975) Biography | Drama | History The life of Edward VII (1841 - 1910), the King of the United Kingdom. Before becoming the king he developed a reputation of a playboy which angered his mother, Quee


What did Letchworth become in 1963 and Welwyn in 1969?

WGC-1963-1 New Towns (Osborn + Whittick) The New Towns - The Answer to Megalopolis Authors: Frederic J. Osborn & Arnold Whittick Published: 1963 by McGraw-Hill Book Company Format: Hardback 10" by 6" with 376 pages   The book is illustrated by 174 good quality black-and-white photographs,       mostly of street scenes from the towns described. There are also 66       maps and plans in the text. The Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City       maps and photographs are reproduced below, as well as the text from       the two chapters which focus on the first and second garden cities. The third edition of this book, revised and retitled The New       Towns - Their Origins, Achievements and Progress was published       in 1977, and can be viewed here .   Drawing reproduced from Garden Cities of Tomorrow (Faber and Faber 1946) (click image to enlarge) Great attention was paid to landscaping and planting.     Flowering and foliage trees and shrubs were introduced in an unprecedented     variety of species and arrangements, and all over the town there are decorative     green spaces of an infinite variety of shape and size. The positioning     of roads and buildings was influenced by an almost religious care for     the retention of existing fine trees or attractive spinneys. Only in the     ceremonial centres of great capitals and the parades of holiday resorts     had planting and landscaping on this lavish scale and with this diversity     been practised before. It was a new thing for an industrial town. And     the example has had enormous influence all over the world. Letchworth, originating in a reaction against the crowded     conditions in great cities, set definite limits on housing density. Zones     of different maximum densities were allocated, as in many municipal ordinances     under the system of planning control of new development then emerging     in a number of European states. There is an element of prestige, of class     distinction - one might say, of snobbery - in the prescription of zones     of progressively lower density for fewer people as you go higher up the     income scale; and the Letchworth company, which planned for a 'balanced'     population, could no more disregard this than any other developer. But     Raymond Unwin was particularly concerned to set a standard of absolute     maximum density for the lowest-income families. He was of course aware     of the maximum of seven houses an acre (including service roads) prevailing     in the first parts of Bournville. This must have seemed to him needlessly     or impracticably low. Under his advice Letchworth adopted the maximum     of 10 houses an acre including access roads, and 12 an acre without roads;     but this included the smaller public greens in the local layout, and a     modicum of space behind the house gardens for allotments and children's     playgrounds. Unwin was an extremely able and resourceful planner, who     knew exactly how far the wastage of road space and frontage could be reduced     by ingenious layout; but he was (unlike some later planners) equally clear     about the importance for the amenities of occupiers of certain key dimensions     inside and outside dwellings, and extremely sensitive to popular likings.     After very careful study and experiment he decided on a series of desirable     minimum component dimensions: a light angle of 15º, just permitting     sun to reach living rooms in mid-winter (in the latitude of S.E. England)     over the tops of 2-storey terrace houses; a distance between rows of windows     of 70 feet; a set-back of house windows of 20 or 25 feet from public roads     or footways; and so on. All such standards are in a sense arbitrary: why     70 feet for example ? why not 69 feet ? Therefore all can cheerfully be     cut, and if the cuts are made gradually they may


What is the term in French cookery meaning to fry lightly and quickly in little or no oil?

Glossary of Cooking Terms To cook by dry heat, usually in the oven. BARBECUE: Usually used generally to refer to grilling done outdoors or over an      open charcoal or wood fire. More specifically, barbecue refers to long,      slow direct- heat cooking, including liberal basting with a barbecue      sauce. BASTE: To moisten foods during cooking with pan drippings or special sauce      to add flavor and prevent drying. BATTER: A mixture containing flour and liquid, thin enough to pour. BEAT: To mix rapidly in order to make a mixture smooth and light by incorporating      as much air as possible. BLANCH: To immerse in rapidly boiling water and allow to cook slightly. BLEND: To incorporate two or more ingredients thoroughly. BOIL: To heat a liquid until bubbles break continually on the surface. BROIL: To cook on a grill under strong, direct heat. CARAMELIZE: To heat sugar in order to turn it brown and give it a special taste. CHOP: To cut solids into pieces with a sharp knife or other chopping device. CLARIFY: To separate and remove solids from a liquid, thus making it clear. CREAM: To soften a fat, especially butter, by beating it at room temperature.      Butter and sugar are often creamed together, making a smooth, soft paste. CURE: To preserve meats by drying and salting and/or smoking. DEGLAZE: To dissolve the thin glaze of juices and brown bits on the surface of      a pan in which food has been fried, sauteed or roasted. To do this,      add liquid and stir and scrape over high heat, thereby adding flavor      to the liquid for use as a sauce. DEGREASE: To remove fat from the surface of stews, soups, or stock. Usually cooled      in the refrigerator so that fat hardens and is easily removed. DICE: To cut food in small cubes of uniform size and shape. DISSOLVE: To cause a dry substance to pass into solution in a liquid. DREDGE: To sprinkle or coat with flour or other fine substance. DRIZZLE: To sprinkle drops of liquid lightly over food in a casual manner. DUST: To sprinkle food with dry ingredients. Use a strainer or a jar with      a perforated cover, or try the good, old-fashioned way of shaking things      together in a paper bag. FILLET: As a verb, to remove the bones from meat or fish. A fillet (or filet)      is the piece of flesh after it has been boned. FLAKE: To break lightly into small pieces. FLAMBE': To flame foods by dousing in some form of potable alcohol and setting      alight. FOLD: To incorporate a delicate substance, such as whipped cream or beaten      egg whites, into another substance without releasing air bubbles. Cut      down through mixture with spoon, whisk, or fork; go across bottom of      bowl, up and over, close to surface. The process is repeated, while      slowing rotating the bowl, until the ingredients are thoroughly blended. FRICASSEE: To cook by braising; usually applied to fowl or rabbit. FRY: To cook in hot fat. To cook in a fat is called pan-frying or sauteing;      to cook in a one-to-two inch layer of hot fat is called shallow-fat      frying; to cook in a deep layer of hot fat is called deep-fat frying. GARNISH: To decorate a dish both to enhance its appearance and to provide a flavorful      foil. Parsley, lemon slices, raw vegetables, chopped chives, and other      herbs are all forms of garnishes. GLAZE: To cook with a thin sugar syrup cooked to crack stage; mixture may be      thickened slightly. Also, to cover with a thin, glossy icing. GRATE: To rub on a grater that separates the food in various sizes of bits      or shreds. GRATIN: From the French word for "crust." Term used to describe any      oven-baked dish--usually cooked in a shallow oval gratin dish--on which      a golden brown crust of bread crumbs, cheese or creamy sauce is form. GRILL: To cook on a grill over intense heat. GRIND: To process solids by hand or mechanically to reduce them to tiny particles. JULIENNE: To cut vegetables, fruits, or cheeses


"Which film, winner of the 1991 Best Film Oscar, contains the line ""I do wish we could chat longer, but I'm having an old friend for dinner""?"

Great Film Quotes - 1990s Great Film Quotes Great Film Quotes From the 1990s "Just     when I thought I was out, they pull me back in." The Godfather: Part III (1990) Play clip (excerpt): "As     far back as I can remember, I always wanted to be a gangster...To     me being a gangster was better than being president of     the United States." GoodFellas (1990) Play clip (excerpt): "What do you mean, I'm funny?...You mean the way I talk? What?...Funny      how? I mean, what's funny about it?...But I'm funny how? I mean, funny      like I'm a clown? I amuse you? I make you laugh? I'm here to f--kin'      amuse you? What do you mean, funny? Funny how? How'm I funny??...How      the f--k am I funny? What the f--k is so funny about me? Tell me? Tell      me what's funny!..." GoodFellas (1990) Play clip (excerpt): "Right after I got here, I ordered some spaghetti with marinara sauce and I got egg noodles and ketchup. I'm an average nobody. I get to live the rest    of my life like a schnook." "Look       what ya did, you little jerk!" Home Alone (1990) Play clip (excerpt): "I'm     your number one fan. There's nothing to worry about. You're gonna     be just fine. I'll take good care of you. I'm your number one fan." Misery (1990) Play clip (excerpt): - "Anything else I can get while I'm in town? Any other crucial      requirements that need satisfying? Would you like a tiny      tape recorder, or how about a handmade set of writing slippers?" - "No, just the paper will be fine." - "Are you sure? 'Cause if       you want I'll bring back the whole store for ya!" - "Annie, what's, what's the     matter?" - "WHAT'S THE MATTER? I'll tell you 'what's     the matter!' I go out of my     way for you! I do everything to try and make you happy. I feed you,     I clean you, I dress you, and what thanks do I get? 'Oh, you bought the wrong paper, Annie, I can't write on this paper, Annie!' Well,     I'll get your stupid paper but you just better start showing me a little    more appreciation around here, Mr. MAN!" Misery (1990) Play clip (excerpt): - "When      I was growing up in Bakersfield, my favorite thing in all the world      was to go to the movies on Saturday afternoons for the Chapter Plays." - "Cliffhangers." - "I know that, Mr. MAN! They also called them     serials. I'm not stupid, ya know. Anyway, my favorite was Rocketman,     and once it was a no-breaks chapter. The bad guy stuck him in a car     on a mountain road and knocked him out and welded the door shut and     tore out the brakes and started him to his death, and he woke up and     tried to steer and tried to get out but the car went off a cliff before     he could escape! And it crashed and burned and I was so upset and     excited, and the next week, you better believe I was first in line.     And they always start with the end of the last week. And there was     Rocketman, trying to get out, and here comes the cliff, and just before     the car went off the cliff, he jumped free! And all the kids cheered!     But I didn't cheer. I stood right up and started shouting: 'This isn't     what happened last week! Have you all got amnesia? They just cheated     us! This isn't fair! HE DIDN'T GET OUT OF THE COCK - A - DOODIE CAR!'" Misery (1990) Play clip (excerpt): "Listen,       I - I appreciate this whole seduction scene you've got goin', but       let me give ya a tip: I'm a sure thing. OK? So, I'm on an hourly       rate. Could we just move it along?" Pretty Woman (1990) Play clip (excerpt): - "Look,       you made me a really nice offer. And a few months ago, no problem.       But now everything is different. And you changed that, and you can't       change back. I want more." - "I know about wanting more. I invented     the concept. The question is, how much more?" - "I want the fairy tale." - "Impossible relationships. My special gift is


Which winner of the 1953 Best Film Oscar is set in a Honolulu barracks immediately before and during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour?

From Here To Eternity : Watch online now with Amazon Instant Video: Burt Lancaster, Jack Warden, Deborah Kerr, Philip Ober, Mickey Shaughnessy, Montgomery Clift, Mickey Sha, Frank Sinatra, Ernest Borgnine, Donna Reed, Fred Zinnemann: Amazon.co.uk By Trevor Willsmer HALL OF FAME TOP 100 REVIEWER on 29 November 2007 Format: DVD From the days when doorstop novels (or at least large chunks of them) were turned into films rather than mini-series, From Here to Eternity may be toned down to please both the censors and the US Army, whose co-operation was vital to the film, but it's still a superb piece of film-making that slips in a few powerful punches between the lines. Set in Pearl Harbor in the months leading up to the Japanese attack, it focuses on two professional soldiers: Prewitt (Montgomery Clift), a hard-headed ex-boxer given 'the treatment' by his commanding officer to force him to fight in the regimental boxing championships, and the company's Top Sergeant (Burt Lancaster), who is having an affair with the officer's frigid wife (Deborah Kerr). Daniel Taradish's screenplay is a masterpiece of snappy construction, perfectly mirrored by Fred Zinnemann's directorial style that brings out both the toughness and the sentiment with a convincing lack of sensationalism. And what a cast: Lancaster a convincing mixture of toughness and emotional vulnerability, a surprisingly sexy Kerr, Donna Reed playing tough against type, Borgnine at his meanest and a wonderful array of character actors. Clift may make an unlikely boxer, but his performance is one of his best, as is that of Sinatra, always under-rated as an actor on those occasions when he made an effort, as his doomed best friend Maggio. With a good DVD transfer, this is let down by the extras - only a teaser trailer, a making-of featurette that runs a full two minutes (!!!), a brief extract from a documentary about the director and an audio commentary by Tim Zinnemann and Alvin Sargent. This is still well worth adding to your collection, though. Classic films often don't live up to their reputations. This one does. By Peter Kenney on 8 February 2003 Format: VHS Tape This ia a case of an outstanding movie being adapted from a great book. FROM HERE TO ETERNITY presents a realistic portrait of army life in Hawaii immediately before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The film features strong performances by Burt Lancaster, Deborah Kerr, Frank Sinatra, Donna Reed, Ernest Borgnine and Montgomery Clift. An extremely competent supporting cast includes Jack Warden, Philip Ober and Mickey Shaughnessy. Burt Lancaster makes a convincing first sergeant. One who is running the show and is full of knowledge about how the army really works. He also has good instincts when it comes time to act as he demonstrates in the showdown with the sadistic "Fatso" played by Ernest Borgnine. Borgnine himself is exceptional in his most famous impersonation of a villain. Frank Sinatra definitely deserves his Oscar in the role of the defiant Maggio. However, after seeing Lee Marvin play a drunk it is hard to appreciate any other actor's attempt compared with Marvin's portrayal of one in PAINT YOUR WAGON. FROM HERE TO ETERNITY was a relatively low-budget production but it still managed to receive five Academy Awards and eight nominations. By The Moonraker on 16 June 2014 Format: DVD|Verified Purchase A superb film - acting, story, cinematography, the lot! No happy endings for anyone either - just like real life. I was not keen on watching it but my wife wanted to see this old classic to find out what all the fuss was about. Wow - I am so glad she did - one of the best films I have ever seen. Don't be put off by the cheesy scene of the couple in the surf - it lasts 5 seconds and fits the story perfectly. The film itself is gritty, raw and tough - and the main actors are just so damn good at being bad! By Adrian Drew TOP 500 REVIEWER on 3 April 2014 Format: Blu-ray|Verified Purchase The transfer is solid and the image on on blu ray is superior to the DVD version perviously available if not as dazzling as o


Which chain of clothes shops was founded in the 1960s by Barbara Hulaniki?

History of 1960s Fashion and Textiles History of 1960s Fashion and Textiles The 1960s was a decade of sweeping change throughout the fashion world generating ideas and images which still appear modern today. Whereas fashion had previously been aimed at a wealthy, mature elite, the tastes and preferences of young people now became important. At the beginning of the decade, the market was dominated by Parisian designers of expensive haute couture garments. Formal suits for women underwent a structural change resulting in looser lines and shorter skirts. Yet the shape of clothes was soon transformed by new ideas emerging from the London pop scene. In Britain, musical taste and styles of dress were closely linked and it was the mod look which first popularised the simple geometric shapes typical of the 1960s. By the mid-sixties, the flared A-line was in style for dresses, skirts and coats. Slim fitting, brightly coloured garments were sold cheaply in boutiques all over 'Swinging London' and had tremendous influence throughout  Europe and the US. Men's suits became sleeker and were often accessorised with bright, bold shirts and high-heeled boots. The flamboyant look was in, signalled by wider trousers and lapels, like those belonging to the blue checked Tommy Nutter suit seen below. Designers experimented with shiny new waterproof materials with a modern look like PVC and perspex. Paco Rabanne pioneered dresses made from plastic discs and metal links which looked more like sculpture than clothing. Later in the decade the hippy look, which originated on the West Coast of America, crossed the Atlantic. This was a time when designers of dress and textiles experimented with colours, patterns and textures borrowed from non-Western cultures. As ethnic influences took over, the most fashionable people wore long layers of loose clothing in vivid, clashing colours, typified by Thea Porter's kaftans and Pucci's dazzling prints. Couture Suit, John Cavanagh, 1963. Museum no. T84+A-1974. © Victoria & Albert Museum, London The clothes of French designers like Balenciaga and Dior represented sophisticated elegance and were worn by women in high society. Public figures like Jacquie Kennedy began to favour less formal items such as shorter skirts. Fewer people now wore accessories like hats and gloves. Another important Continental influence was Italian design, which from the mid-1950s had inspired a smart, sleek look particularly in menswear. Mods in Britain insisted on tailor-made attire, choosing materials and cut for maximum impact. As this younger generation began to develop a distinct style of dress, demand grew for less traditional, more affordable outfits. The exclusive attitude of the couture houses seemed dated. Eventually, haute couture was forced to imitate popular clothing in a reversal of the usual 'top downwards' movement of fashion. Courrèges, Cardin and Yves Saint Laurent were among those who adapted brilliantly to these new circumstances. Most well-known designers started to sell their own off-the-peg ranges through department stores. Street Style Mini dress, Mary Quant, 1964. Museum no. T.353-1974. © Victoria & Albert Museum, London Young people's income was at its highest since the end of the Second World War, creating the desire for a wardrobe which did more than simply copy adult dress. The clothes aimed specifically at young people which Mary Quant had been designing since the late 1950s became popular. Boutiques, like Quant's Bazaar and Barbara Hulanicki's Biba provided inexpensively made clothing suited to a busy, urban lifestyle. Instead of buying outfits designed for specific occasions or times of the day, people preferred separates which they could combine in different ways. The miniskirt was the most eye-catching garment of the decade, designed for an ideally skinny female form. Women wore pale foundation and emphasised their eyes with kohl, mascara and false eyelashes. Hair was long and straight or worn in a shaped bob or wedge, as invented by the hairdresser Vidal Sassoon. Designers of clothes and textiles cele


In the 18th century a thief on horseback was a highwayman, what was the name of his pedestrian counterpart?

Highwayman | GoodShit Highwayman source The word highwayman is first attested from the year 1017.[1] Robbers operated in Great Britain[1] and Ireland[2] from the Elizabethan[3] period until the early 19th century[4]. The term ‘highwayman’ is mainly applied to robbers who travelled on horseback, as opposed to those who robbed on foot (foot-pads[5]).[2] Mounted robbers were widely considered to be socially superior to foot-pads.[3] Slang names for them included ‘knights of the road’ and ‘gentlemen of the road’.[4] In the mid to late 19th century[6] American West[7], highwaymen were known as road agents[8].[5] Robber heroes There is a long history of treating highway robbers as heroes. Originally they were admired by many because they were considered to be bold men who confronted their victims face-to-face and were ready to fight for what they wanted.[6] The most famous English robber hero is the legendary medieval outlaw[9] Robin Hood[10]. Later robber heroes included the Cavalier[11] highwayman James Hind[12], the debonair French highwayman Claude Du Vall[13], Dick Turpin[14] and ‘Sixteen-string Jack’ (John Rann[15]). Some highwaymen were remembered as Robin Hood-like figures who robbed those who deserved it and helped people in trouble.[7] Modus operandi Some highwaymen robbed alone, but others operated in pairs or in small gangs. They often targeted coaches, including public stagecoaches; the post-boys who carried the mail were also frequently held up.[8] The famous demand to ‘Stand and deliver!’ (sometimes in forms such as ‘Stand and deliver your purse!’ or ‘Stand and deliver your money!’) was in use from the 17th century: A fellow of a good Name, but poor Condition, and worse Quality, was Convicted for laying an Embargo on a man whom he met on the Road, by bidding him Stand and Deliver, but to little purpose; for the Traveller had no more Money than a Capuchin, but told him, all the treasure he had was a pound of Tobacco, which he civilly surrendred. (The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 25 April 1677)[9] The phrase ‘Your money or your life’ is mentioned in trial reports from the middle of the eighteenth century: Evidence of John Mawson: ‘As I was coming home, in company with Mr. Andrews, within two fields of the new road that is by the gate-house of Lord Baltimore, we were met by two men; they attacked us both: the man who attacked me I have never seen since. He clapped a bayonet to my breast, and said, with an oath, Your money, or your life! He had on a soldier’s waistcoat and breeches. I put the bayonet aside, and gave him my silver, about three or four shillings.’ (The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 12 September 1781)[10] Dangerous places Highwaymen often lay in wait on the main roads radiating from London[16]. They usually chose lonely areas of heathland or woodland. Hounslow[17] Heath was a favourite haunt: it was crossed by the roads to Bath[18] and Exeter[19].[11] Bagshot Heath in Surrey[20] was another dangerous place on the road to Exeter. One of the most notorious places in England was Shooter’s Hill[21] on the Great Dover Road. Finchley Common[22], on the Great North Road, was very nearly as bad.[12] Many other places could be mentioned.h Executions The penalty for robbery with violence was hanging[23], and most notorious highwaymen ended on the gallows[24]. The chief place of execution for London and Middlesex[25] was Tyburn[26]. Famous highwaymen who ended their lives there included Claude Du Vall, James Maclaine and Sixteen-string Jack. Highwaymen who could go to the gallows laughing and joking, or at least showing no fear, are said to have been admired by many of the people who came to watch.[13] Decline After about 1815 mounted robbers are recorded only rarely. The last recorded robbery by a mounted highwayman occurred during 1831. The development of the railways[27] is sometimes cited as a factor, but highwaymen were already obsolete before the railway network was built. A very important factor was the expansion of the system of turnpikes, manned and gated toll-roads[28], which made it all but impossib


The athletic event the triathlon consists of running, swimming and what other event?

Fitness and Training Tips for Triathlons Share my location Fitness and Training Tips for Triathlons Competing in a triathlon may be on your bucket list, or it may be a goal that you have recently decided       to work on. A triathlon can be a daunting event for even experienced competitors, since it combines       swimming, cycling, and running. There are a variety of different lengths of triathlons, from sprints to       Ironman competitions. The sprint consists of a 0.47-mile swim, a 12-mile bike ride, and then a 3.1-mile       run. The Ironman or ultra-distance triathlon consists of a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride, and a       full marathon at the end. Whether you compete in a sprint or an Ironman, it is important to take your       training seriously before you compete in the race. A good training schedule can help you safely reach       your goal. Before signing up for the race, you may have already identified one area where you feel you need       additional help or training. It is important that you address each of the different events to be sure       you are comfortable completing the activities. At the same time, you need to make sure you are training       for all three equally so that you are prepared to complete all three events on the same day. Most       triathletes will train both in the morning and evening on different skills. You may want to join a       triathlon training group to help you find the right balance for your training. As with any athletic event, it is important to take good care of yourself while you are training. You       need to be sure you are eating enough to maintain your weight with the additional training that you are       doing. Choosing healthy options can help you stay healthy while you are training. Additionally, if you       experience any injuries due to overuse or accidents while training, you should see your doctor right       away to make sure they do not get worse and prevent you from competing in the future. Swimming If you are not a strong swimmer, you may want to consider signing up for a swimming lesson or two before       you even begin swimming. Many triathlon races take place in open waters. If you have never swam in open       waters, it is essential that you practice and improve your skills. The pull of the tide on the beach or       in a river is different from the swimming you will do in your pool. You also may want to purchase a       wetsuit for the competition, especially if you will be competing in a cooler climate. Many swimmers       focus on building their arms and try to avoid using their legs as much to conserve energy for the later       events.


Who was US president immediately before Ronald Reagan?

Ronald Reagan - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Google Ronald Reagan’s Childhood and Education Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois , to Edward “Jack” Reagan (1883-1941), a shoe salesman, and Nelle Wilson Reagan (1883-1962). The family, which included older son Neil Reagan (1908-1996), resided in an apartment that lacked indoor plumbing and running water and was located along the small town’s main street. Reagan’s father nicknamed him Dutch as a baby, saying he resembled “a fat little Dutchman.” Did You Know? Among the items on display at Ronald Reagan's presidential library in California is a 6,000-pound graffiti-covered section of the Berlin Wall, given to him by the people of Berlin. During Reagan’s early childhood, his family lived in a series of Illinois towns as his father switched sales jobs, then settled in Dixon, Illinois, in 1920. In 1928, Reagan graduated from Dixon High School, where he was an athlete and student body president and performed in school plays. During summer vacations, he worked as a lifeguard in Dixon. Reagan went on to attend Eureka College in Illinois, where he played football, ran track, captained the swim team, served as student council president and acted in school productions. After graduating in 1932, he found work as a radio sports announcer in Iowa . Ronald Reagan’s Hollywood Career and Marriages In 1937, while in Southern California to cover the Chicago Cubs’ spring training season, Ronald Reagan did a screen test for the Warner Brothers movie studio. The studio signed him to a contract, and that same year he made his film debut in “Love is on the Air,” playing a radio news reporter. Over the next three decades he appeared in more than 50 movies. Among his best-known roles was that of Notre Dame football star George Gipp in the 1940 biographical film “Knute Rockne All American.” In the movie, Reagan’s famous line–which he is still rememberd for–was “Win one for the Gipper.” Another notable role was in 1942 in “Kings Row,” in which Reagan portrayed an accident victim who wakes up to discover his legs have been amputated and cries out, “Where’s the rest of me?” (Reagan used this line as the title of his 1965 autobiography.) In 1940, Reagan married actress Jane Wyman (1917-2007), with whom he had daughter Maureen (1941-2001) and an adopted son, Michael (1945-). The couple divorced in 1948 (Reagan is the only U.S. president to have been divorced). In 1952, he married actress Nancy Davis (1921-). The pair had two children, Patricia (1952-) and Ronald (1958-). During World War II (1939-1945), Reagan was disqualified from combat duty due to poor eyesight and spent his time in the Army making training films. From 1947 to 1952, and from 1959 to 1960, he served as president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), during which time he testified in front of the House Un-American Activities Committe ( HUAC ). From 1954 to 1962, he hosted the weekly television drama series “The General Electric Theater.” In this role, he toured the United States as a public relations representative for General Electric, giving pro-business talks in which he spoke out against too much government control and wasteful spending, central themes of his future political career. Golden State Governorship and Bid for the Presidency In his younger years, Ronald Reagan was a member of the Democratic Party and campaigned for Democratic candidates; however, his views grew more conservative over time, and in the early 1960s he officially became a Republican. In 1964, Reagan stepped into the national political spotlight when he gave a well-received televised speech for Republican presidential candidate Barry Goldwater (1909-1998), a prominent conservative. Two years later, in his first race for public office, Reagan defeated Democratic incumbent Edmund “Pat” Brown Sr. (1905-1996) by almost 1 million votes to win the governorship of California. Reagan was reelected to a second term in 1970. After making unsuccessful bids for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 and 1976, Reagan received his par


What was the name of the character played by Alec Guinness in the TV series Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy?

Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (TV Mini-Series 1979) - IMDb Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy  In the bleak days of the Cold War, espionage veteran George Smiley is forced out of semi-retirement to uncover a Soviet agent within MI6's echelons. Stars: a list of 35 titles created 06 Aug 2011 a list of 38 titles created 21 Feb 2014 a list of 34 titles created 23 Jan 2015 a list of 38 titles created 03 Feb 2015 a list of 25 titles created 5 months ago Title: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1979) 8.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Primetime Emmy. Another    4 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards  » Photos Smiley's People (TV Mini-Series 1982) Drama | Mystery Called out of retirement to settle the affairs of a friend, Smiley finds his old organization, the Circus, so overwhelmed by political considerations that it doesn't want to know what ... See full summary  » Stars: Alec Guinness, Eileen Atkins, Bill Paterson British agent Alec Leamas refuses to come in from the Cold War during the 1960s, choosing to face another mission, which may prove to be his final one. Director: Martin Ritt A Perfect Spy (TV Mini-Series 1987) Thriller This is the story of Magnus Pym, from his childhood to the end of his career in middle age. As a young man, there is little doubt that his father Rick was the most influential character in ... See full summary  » Stars: Ray McAnally, Rüdiger Weigang, Alan Howard The missions of an elite British Intelligence covert operations unit. Stars: Roy Marsden, Ray Lonnen, Jerome Willis In the bleak days of the Cold War, espionage veteran George Smiley is forced from semi-retirement to uncover a Soviet agent within MI6. Director: Tomas Alfredson Francis Urquhart is the chief whip of the Conservative party. When Margaret Thatcher resigns as leader, he remains neutral and after a general election where the conservatives are returned ... See full summary  » Stars: Ian Richardson, Susannah Harker, Miles Anderson State of Play (TV Mini-Series 2003) Crime | Drama | Mystery A thriller set in London, in which a politician's life becomes increasingly complex as his research assistant is found dead on the London Underground and, in a seemingly unrelated incident, a teenage pickpocket is shot dead. Stars: John Simm, Kelly Macdonald, Bill Nighy David Callan is the top agent/assassin for the Security Service (British counterintelligence), but he is an embittered man who performs his duties "for Queen and country" under duress. This... See full summary  » Stars: Edward Woodward, Russell Hunter, Lisa Langdon Edit Storyline George Smiley has been retired for about a year when he finds a friend from the Circus, his old outfit in British Intelligence, sitting in his living room. He is taken to the home of an advisor to the Prime Minister on intelligence matters, where he finds evidence that one of the men in the senior ranks of his old agency is a Russian spy. Smiley is asked to find him, without official access to any of the files in the Circus or letting on that anyone is under suspicion. With only a few old friends, his own powers of deduction, and secrecy as weapons, Smiley must unearth the spy who turned him out of the Circus. Written by John Vogel <jlvogel@comcast.net> Who can spy on the spies? See more  » Genres: 29 September 1980 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: König, Dame, As, Spion See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia While talking to Smiley about his encounter with Toby Esterhase, Ian Bannen 's character Jim Prideaux says "He (Esterhase) said the Circus had nearly gone under due to Operation Testify and I'm currently the number one leper..." Years later, Bannen played a leper in Braveheart (1995). See more » Goofs During the outdoor daytime scene where Smiley converses with Prideaux, they are tracked by the camera as they walk across a field. At one point, when they are nearest the camera, the shadows of some crew members are just about visible on Prideaux's coat. See more » Quo


Which South Atlantic island suffered a volcanic eruption in 1963, forcing the inhabitants to be evacuated to Britain?

Tristan da Cunha facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Tristan da Cunha The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright The Columbia University Press Tristan da Cunha (trĬs´tăn də kōō´nə), group of volcanic islands in the S Atlantic, about midway between S Africa and S America, part of the British Saint Helena overseas territory. The only habitable island of the group is Tristan da Cunha (1999 pop. 286), formed by a volcano rising to c.6,760 ft (2,060 m). The other islands are Gough, Nightingale, and Inaccessible, the last being the home of the flightless rail, an almost extinct bird. The first inhabitants came from St. Helena in the 19th cent. Fishing is the chief industry. History The island group was discovered by the Portuguese in 1506 and was visited by whalers, seal hunters, and explorers. In 1816 it was annexed by Great Britain, and in 1938 it became a dependency of the colony of St. Helena. An important meteorological and radio base was set up in 1942. The volcano, long dormant, erupted in 1961; the population was evacuated and transported to England. In 1962, however, the islanders decided to leave England and return to Tristan da Cunha, which they did the following year. Bibliography Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language © Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language 1998, originally published by Oxford University Press 1998. TRISTAN DA CUNHA, short form Tristan. A British dependency in the South Atlantic. Language: English. The Portuguese discovered SAINT HELENA and the Tristan Archipelago in 1506 and the British occupied Tristan in 1816 during the exile of Napoleon at St Helena. In 1961, the islanders were evacuated after a volcanic eruption, but returned in 1963. The people, among whom there are only seven surnames, number some 350. Distinctive features include: (1) An intrusive initial /h/: ‘highland happle’ for island apple. (2) Such words as first, herb pronounced ‘farst’, ‘harb’. (3) Tense and possessive inflections often dropped and is often omitted. (4) Such usages as plant in (intransitive) to plant potatoes, the sea put up bubbles the sea grew (too) rough (for fishing), and eastings and westings, to indicate which way the island is circled. (5) The term gulch is common, as are such complex place-names as Down-where-minister-pick-up-his-things, Ridge-where-the-goat-jump-off, and Blackinthehole Hill. Cite this article Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes © Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes 2007, originally    published by Oxford University Press 2007. Tristan da Cunha •belladonna, Connor, donna, goner, gonna, honour (US honor), Maradona, Mashona, O'Connor, Shona, wanna •corner, fauna, forewarner, Lorna, Morna, mourner, sauna, scorner, suborner, warner •softener • Faulkner •downer, uptowner •sundowner • Arizona , Barcelona, boner, condoner, corona, Cremona , Desdemona, donor, Fiona, groaner, Iona, Jonah, kroner, Leona, loaner, loner, moaner, Mona, owner, Pamplona, persona, postponer, Ramona, stoner, toner, Valona, Verona , Winona •landowner • homeowner • shipowner •coiner, joiner, purloiner •crooner, harpooner, lacuna, lacunar, lampooner, Luna, lunar, mizuna, Oona, oppugner, Poona, pruner, puna, schooner, spooner, Tristan da Cunha, tuna, tuner, Una, vicuña, yokozuna •honeymooner • Sunna • Brookner •koruna Cite this article