Which Liverpool art gallery, opened in 1877, was named after the local brewer and former Lord Mayor who financed it ?

Liverpool Picturebook Modern day images from around the City of Liverpool along with a potted history... Click on the first image to view all photographs in 'Lightbox' (TM) By the 1890s the George's Dock, built in 1771, was essentially redundant. It was the third dock built in Liverpool, and was too small and too shallow in depth for the commercial ships of the late 19th century. Most of the site was owned by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, set up by Parliament in 1857; a small part of the site still was still held by the Corporation of the City of Liverpool. The Board and the Corporation had differing priorities, and the former were not inclined to forgo any commercial advantage for the benefit of the latter. In January 1896, the two bodies began discussions, with the Corporation's team headed by Lord Derby (who was then the Lord Mayor), and the Board's representatives led by Robert Gladstone, a member of the Liverpool family of which W.E. Gladstone was the best-known. The Corporation sought to persuade the Board to accept its offer to buy the site, reserving a portion of it for new Board offices. After two years of negotiation this was agreed, and Parliamentary authority was obtained for the deal. The Corporation paid £277,399 for the site, from which the Board reserved about 13,500 square yards for its own building. When it acquired the site, the Corporation had been confident of finding tenants for the two remaining plots suitable for large-scale buildings, but no such prospective tenants came forward, and it was decided to offer the freehold of the sites for sale. However, at an auction of the sites in 1905 there were no bidders.The following year, the Royal Liver Friendly Society made an approach through Walter Aubrey Thomas, a local architect, successfully offering considerably less for a site than the Corporation had hoped for: £70,000 instead of £95,000. Gladstone and the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board expressed consternation at the height of the Royal Liver Society's proposed new headquarters, sometimes described as "England's first skyscraper", but after much debate the Corporation approved the plans. The last of the three Pier Head sites between the Liver Building and the Docks and Harbour Board offices was for some time intended to be developed on behalf of the Corporation, partly to replace a nearby public baths and partly as offices for the city's new tram network. This scheme fell through, and in the early years of the 20th century a combined public baths and customs house was proposed. After several years that scheme, too, came to nothing, and in 1913 the Cunard shipping line announced its intention to build a new headquarters in Liverpool. The Cunard Building was built of reinforced concrete, clad in Portland Stone, in a style intended to recall grand Italian palaces, described by the architectural historian Peter De Figueiredo as "a match for its more ostentatious neighbours in expressive power but greatly superior in refinement of detail and proportion." In 2007 work began on a new scheme, to re-house the Museum of Liverpool Life. Work also started in 2007 to build a canal link between the Leeds-Liverpool Canal and the South Docks. The £22 million pound 1.6 mile extension to the Leeds-Liverpool Canal was officially opened on 25 March 2009. It opens to boaters at the end of April and links the 127 miles of the existing canal to the city's South Docks, passing the Pier Head and the Three Graces. Liverpool Waterfront was crowned the overall winner in England’s Great Places on 16 December 2015. In a nationwide competition organised by the Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI) to show off the diverse places that planners and the planning system have created protected and enhanced for communities, Liverpool Waterfront came out top. Over 11,000 people voted on a shortlist of 10 places, with Liverpool Waterfront emerging as the most popular place. Probably the most photographed and well known building in Liverpool. It is located at Pier Head and stands proud and majestic against the skyline of Liverpool an


"""Call me Ishmael"" are the opening words of which famous 19th century novel?"

‘Moby-Dick’ Marathon in New York - The New York Times The New York Times N.Y. / Region |Call It a ‘Moby’ Marathon Search Call It a ‘Moby’ Marathon By AMANDA PETRUSICH Continue reading the main story Photo “MOBY-DICK” intimidates. Its hundreds of pages of rich, sometimes inscrutable prose, assembled in service of a quest story that’s heartbreaking if not existentially ruinous, make up the kind of novel you’ll want to impale, attach to an oak plaque and hang over the mantel when you finish. If you finish. Much like its namesake, it is not easily vanquished. Beginning Friday evening, though, more than 160 New Yorkers are giving it a shot — out loud and in succession. Amanda Bullock, the director of public programming at the AIDS advocacy group Housing Works, and Polly Bresnick, a writer and teacher, have organized a marathon-style reading of the Melville masterwork. It will unfold over three days at three independent bookstores — Word, in Greenpoint, Brooklyn; Housing Works Bookstore and Café, in SoHo; and Molasses Books, in Bushwick, Brooklyn. While there are other “Moby-Dick” marathons each year around the country, with bearded, bespectacled acolytes flocking to seaside ports, sipping from thermoses of grog and readjusting their sweaters at the podium, this, organizers say, is New York City’s first. And it includes local actors (Paul Dano, Zoe Kazan), authors (Sarah Vowell), visual artists, journalists, critics and assorted Melville fans who responded to an open Twitter call. (Ms. Bullock lovingly referred to the roster as a “nerd fest.”) “We thought it would be cool to do one in New York because of Melville’s relationship to the city,” Ms. Bullock explained. The year is not particularly significant, but this weekend was picked to honor the date the book was first published in the United States , Nov. 14, 1851. The basics are familiar to all: Narrated by a New York-based sailor named Ishmael, the book tells the story of Captain Ahab, a crusty, vengeful old salt with a jawbone for a peg-leg, an “ungodly, godlike man” intent on harpooning a great white whale named Moby Dick. Although Ishmael arrives in New Bedford, Mass. — which hosts its own 25-hour marathon every January at the New Bedford Whaling Museum — the book begins in Manhattan, where Melville was born, periodically lived, and died. There Ishmael finds himself growing “grim about the mouth,” stuck in the “damp, drizzly November” of his soul. Looking for a little psychic solace he stuffs a shirt or two into his old carpetbag and books it to New Bedford, intent on seeing a bit of “the watery part of the world.” Photo A "Moby-Dick" view of the East River from Corlears Hook Park. Credit Librado Romero/The New York Times The book, with its epic, man-versus-ocean showdown, feels especially germane to New York right now, in the grim aftermath of Hurricane Sandy . “Post-Sandy it could not be more timely, seems to me,” the author Rick Moody, who is reading on Saturday, wrote in an e-mail. “The whole opening, about how the sea calls to Ishmael, is like the siren song of N.Y.C. after the superstorm.” Continue reading the main story Joanna Smith Rakoff, author of the novel “A Fortunate Age” and another of Saturday’s scheduled readers, felt the same way. “Reading it during these somewhat difficult days,” she said, “it felt very universal and timeless, like it speaks to this particular moment in New York.” Advertisement Continue reading the main story In the last 160 years the arc of the novel — in which redemption is elusive, if not impossible, and vengeance yields only catastrophe — has become an essential part of our narrative lexicon. It can feel inescapable. (Two new projects based loosely on it —  a movie set in outer space and a television pilot — are apparently in the works.) Nathaniel Philbrick, author of “Why Read Moby-Dick?,” said the book endures in part because it can offer comfort and, on occasion, answers. “Whether it’s New York in the last couple weeks, with Sandy, or the fiscal cliff looming ahead, whenever things feel like they’re on the brink of eminent disast


The Halle orchestra has been based in which English city since its formation in 1858 ?

Conductor Timeline | Hallé Orchestra Conductor Timeline Principal Conductors of the Hallé * indicates permanent conductor Sir Charles Hallé * 1858-1895 Sir Charles Hallé dominated the musical life in Manchester for nearly 50 years. He is of course best remembered for his founding of the Orchestra that bears his name, but before that he conducted the Gentlemen’s Concerts, and the Royal Northern College of Music is another continuing part of his legacy. Karl Hallé was born into a musical family in Hagen, Westphalia, Germany in 1819. The young Halle was performing from the age of four, and aged 11 conducted Hagen’s annual opera season when his father was ill. Hallé went to Paris in 1836 and there met and made friends with Chopin & Berlioz and other musicians who frequented the salon society. The revolution of 1848 changed all thought of remaining in Paris however and with many other artistic refugees Hallé headed for England. It was at this point he anglicised his name, adding the accent to ensure it was pronounced correctly. Manchester in 1848 was a wealthy industrial city. It had a thriving German community and a flourishing musical tradition in the Gentlemen’s Concerts. Hermann Leo was a Manchester calico printer who had met Hallé in Paris, it was he who suggested that Hallé ‘take Manchester in hand’. Hallé performed in a concert for the Gentlemen’s Concerts in 1848 and a year later was appointed their conductor. He was given wide powers to raise standards, and one of his first moves was to insist on more concerts that the general public were admitted to, rather than private subscribers. Hallé saw his role as much as an educator as anything, and his determination to make music accessible was one of his outstanding qualities. In 1857 Manchester staged an arts treasures exhibition and Hallé was engaged to provide daily concerts. For this he recruited players from the continent to enlarge his existing orchestra to sixty. As Hallé himself later wrote: “When the Exhibition closed its doors in October 1857, the orchestra which I had taken so much trouble to form and which had given such satisfaction, was on the point of being dispersed to the four points of the compass, never to be heard of again in Manchester. This was excessively painful to me, and to prevent it I determined to give weekly concerts during the autumn and winter at my own risk and peril, and to engage the whole band, trusting to the now awakened taste for music for success…I felt that the whole musical education of the public had to be undertaken”. The first concert was, of course given at the Free Trade Hall on 30th January 1858, and they have continued uninterrupted ever since. Frederick Cowen 1896-1899 Richter was offered the conductorship of the Hallé in 1895, but was unable to accept at the time, making it clear however that he was keen to come at a later date. Cowen was appointed annually as conductor until the Hallé Concerts Society was formed. His departure was bitterly resented by Cowen, who had certainly regarded himself as the Permanent Conductor, he recalled in his autobiography “it was very galling to me to think that there I had been for a couple of years striving to maintain the success of the concerts to the best of my ability, without the faintest notion that I was simply ‘keeping the place warm’ all the while for my celebrated colleague to step into whenever he felt so disposed.” At the time Cowen was angry enough to bring in the press, with letters to the Manchester Guardian about his grievances and a personal letter to Richter asking him not to accept the Hallé position. Hans Richter * 1899-1911 By a strange quirk of fate Hans Richter was conducting at the Free trade Hall on the day Hallé died. He was acknowledged at the time as being one of the world’s greatest conductors, if not the greatest. His enthusiasm for moving from the Vienna Philharmonic to Manchester in 1899 shows just how highly regarded Sir Charles’ ‘band’ was. A strong personality Richter could play every instrument in the orchestra and conducted entirely from memory. He cham


How were Shirley, Keith, Laurie, Danny, Christopher and Tracy known collectively in the charts in the early 70s ?

1000+ images about David Cassidy on Pinterest | David cassidy, Image search and Fort lauderdale The Partridge Family - You don't have to tell me See More


Who was the lead singer with Wet Wet Wet until he went solo in 1999 ?

Marti Pellow interview: 'if it's cool for Elvis, it's cool for Marti' - Telegraph Music Marti Pellow interview: 'if it's cool for Elvis, it's cool for Marti' Marti Pellow talks to Roya Nikkhah about life after Wet Wet Wet, his love of  musicals and how sobriety has changed him. Marti Pellow: 'You’ve entertained millions of people, and then you’re suddenly on your own. It can be quite surreal”  Comments For a man who spent years addicted to heroin, Marti Pellow looks ludicrously well. Sitting in the full glare of afternoon sunshine streaming through a window of his private member’s club in London, the suited and booted singer bears no signs of an addiction that nearly killed him. Instead, Pellow sports a healthy tan from a recent trip to Los Angeles and the famous smile that won him millions of fans as the lead singer in the pop band Wet Wet Wet. Though his wild days have been replaced with sobriety, a successful solo career and a new direction as a musical star in the West End and on Broadway, Pellow, 45, is happy to humour an old Wet Wet Wet fan and reminisces about the band he founded as a 12-year-old in Clydebank with his three fellow classmates, Tommy Cunningham, Graeme Clark and Neil Mitchell. “We all met through our love of music – and smoking,” says Pellow, in seriously strong Glaswegian. “You access your music completely differently now, but a couple of hundred years ago you used to wait in queues to buy your records and we’d go to the record shops and talk about records. I was into soul music, like Marvin Gaye, while the other guys were listening to The Clash and Joy Division, so it was a very eclectic pot.” When the group struck a record deal in 1985, they did something almost unheard of in boy band land. Instead of succumbing to the generic Stock Aitken and Waterman sound of the 1980s, they insisted on choosing their own producer, opting for Willie Mitchell, the legendary Memphis-based producer behind the likes of Otis Reading and Ike & Tina Turner. “We just looked at the records we loved, and Willie’s name came up all the time,” says Pellow. “So me and Graeme went to Memphis, at 19 or 20, and there was Bobby Womack holding the door, saying to Willie: “Hey, there’s a couple of white kids at the door – you better get them in the studio or they’ll get taken away”. “It was important that we wrote our own songs and that we played on all our own records as opposed to just giving it to producers who were more famous than the artists. There was an element of that in the 80s, but it’s no way for artists’ identity to shine through.” What, then, does he make of the never-ending production line of pop acts that reality television shows like Pop Idol and The X-factor have churned out? Pellow smiles and attempts diplomacy: “I don’t think it’s a bad thing, when the industry has access to young musicians who are willing to do that format, if the music is good and it’s coming from a place of honesty.” But is the music any good? “It would be easy for me to put my music snobbery hat on and say, “well, that’s not really what it’s about” but if you’re pertaining to the X-factor as a way to put music out, then no, it doesn’t float my boat.” As someone who knows the pitfalls of overnight success all too well, he is uneasy with the disposability factor of the shows. “You see acts who struggle to find their identity in an industry that people now access really quickly, where it’s all “gimme this now”. For six weeks you’re on TV on Saturday night, invading the living room, and I feel a kinship with your journey, but after the show is finished and I look in to the artist, what’s there?” Wet Wet Wet hit the big time in 1987 with their single, Wishing I was Lucky, and mega stardom followed instantly. Their debut album Popped In, Souled Out, sold 2.5 million copies and before long, a 21-year-old Pellow had £3 million in the bank and two Ferraris in the garage. It was a long way from the band’s working class roots in Glasgow, and Pellow admits that during his 10 years of topping of the charts, he was swept away by having every rock and r


Which record producer and band leader, who died in 1979, was responsible for 27 number ones in the UK for various artists including Cliff Richard and Frank Ifield?

Mike Smith's Hot Hundred UK Hits Writer(s): Earl Shuman & Mort Garson Entered chart 1 Jan       1960; Highest Position: 1; Weeks on chart: 13. Michael Holliday (26 Nov 1924 - 29 Oct 1963) was born in Liverpool, England.  After winning talent contests he was awarded a recording contract with EMI in 1955.  His first major hit came in 1958, and more hits followed until       1960.  He became a major British singing star, and he enjoyed many appearances on radio, television and the stage.  This was his last significant hit; only two minor chart entries       would follow.  He had a mental breakdown in 1961 and died from a suspected drug overdose in 1963. # Although       it was an American song, it had only minor success in the       USA.  A certain Gary Stites had recorded it, but he saw it       stall at a lowly number 77 on the USA charts. 2 Title: Way        Down Yonder In New Orleans Artist: Freddy Cannon Writer(s): John Turner Layton Jr & Henry Creamer Entered chart 1 Jan       1960; Highest Position: 3; Weeks on chart: 18. Freddy Cannon was born on        4 Dec 1940 in Massachusetts, USA.  He is said by some to the        be last of the raw Rock 'n' Roll performers.  He learned to        play guitar at a young age, and cut his first record in 1955 with        a group called The Spindrifts.  His first solo success       ("Tallahassee Lassie") came in 1959.  That single was a success in the USA, reaching number 6 on the        charts and selling a million copies.  Released in the UK on        the fledgling Top Rank label it peaked at number 17.  This       follow-up recording did much better in the UK, and peaked at number       3 in the USA as well.  Like many of his        contemporaries, he continues to perform on the nostalgia circuits        in the 21st century. # This       song was written in 1922 and first appeared in the Broadway musical       production "Spice of 1922".  It has been recorded by       numerous artists over the decades, but Cannon's Rock 'n' Roll       version is the only one to enter the UK charts. 3 Writer(s): Robert Marcucci & Peter De Angelis Entered chart 15       Jan 1960; Highest Position: 1; Weeks on chart: 18. Anthony Newley        (24 Sep 1931 - 14 Apr 1999) was born in east London,        England.  He started an acting career as a teenager, and made        several films during the 1950s.  It was in one film, "Idol On Parade", a 1959 comedy, that he sang a few        songs that launched him into a singing career, with a number of        chart hits during the early 1960s.  He teamed up with Leslie Bricusse        in the early 1960s and they began writing stage musicals        together.  The first was "Stop the World - I Want to Get Off" in which        Newley also performed, and which was a hit show in London and on        Broadway.  This was followed by "The Roar of the        Greasepaint - the Smell of the Crowd" (1965) and Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971), based on the children's book by Roald Dahl.  He also continued his acting career in film and on television,        with some stage work through the 1970s and 1980s.  He died in        Florida from cancer at age 67. # This        recording was a cover of the American original by Frankie        Avalon.  It was written by Avalon's manager and record        producer.  Avalon reached number 1 in the USA with the song,        but only number 20 in the UK.  In 1972, Donny Osmond peaked        at number 3 with his recording of the song. 4 Writer(s): Johnny Worth (under pseudonym of        Les Vandyke) Entered chart 22 Jan 1960; Highest Position: 1; Weeks on chart: 18. Adam Faith (23        Jun 1940 - 8 Mar 2003) was born in west London, England.  After various jobs behind the scenes in the film and TV        industries, he cut his first recor


Who was the lead giutarist with Led Zeppelin?

Jimmy Page | Led Zeppelin Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] Early Life James Patrick page was born on January 9, 1944 in Heston, Middlesex, England to James and Patricia Page. His father was an industrial personnel manager and his mother a doctor's secretary. When he was twelve years old, Page picked up his first guitar, a 1959 Futurama Grazioso. He said, "I don't know whether the guitar was left behind by the people before, or whether it was friend of the family's - nobody seemed o know why it was there." Although he took a few lessons in Kingston, Page mainly taught himself how to play. He would take his guitars to school, only to have them confiscated and returned to him that afternoon. Page was influenced by rockabilly guitarists Scooty Moore and James Burton, who both played on Elvis Presley recordings. Elvis Presley's song "Baby Let's Play House" was Page's inspiration to take up playing the guitar. He enjoyed played skiffle, the blues, and acoustic folk playing, such as B.B. King and Otis Rush. When Page was thirteen, he appeared on Huw Wheldon's All Your Own talent quest program in 1957. He and a skiffle quartet played "Mama Don't Want To Skiffle Anymore" and "In Them Ol' Cottonfields Back Home." When Wheldon asked him what he wanted to do after schooling, Page answered, "I want to do biological research" to find a cure for "cancer, if it isn't discovered by then." But Page would not find that cure. Instead, he would go on to be one of the most greatest guitar players of all time, and be in the biggest rock band in the world. Page left school to pursue music. He had difficulty finding other musicians to play with, although he would get anyone he could to get a gig together with. Page as asked by singer Neil Christian to join his band, The Crusaders, after Christian had seen him play at a local hall when Page was fifteen years old. They toured together for two years. Page recorded on his records, inlcluding the single, "The Road To Love." But Page soon fell ill with glandular fever and couldn't tour with him anymore. Page took up his other interest, painting, and enrolled at Sutton Art College. Page soon became a session guitarist known as "Little Jim," playing with artists such The Who, The Kinks, and Petula Clark. Session guitarists were they if another guitar was needed to use in the recording. In 1965, Page became a house producer and A&R man for Immediate Records label. He was allowed to produce and play on tracks by aritsts such as Eric Clapton. He even wrote lyrics with Jackie DeShannon and John Williams. He played guitar on five tracks of Joe Cocker's album, With A Little Help From My Friends, and ten tracks for Roy Harper. Page had even played "Little Queen of Spades" by Robert Johnson with Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. The track is a rare one, being released as a bootleg recording on the album Jimmy Page: Session Man. Page left the studio when Stax Records had influenced popular music with brass and orchestral arrangements. Although he had quit because of this, Page was very pleased with working at the studio, saying that this was good schooling for his development as a musician. The Yardbirds In 1965, Page joined a band called The Yardbirds, replacing Eric Clapton, who had quit. He had still been worried about is health under touring conditions and had initially suggested his friend, Jeff Beck. Together, the two of them, drummer Keith Moon, bass player John Paul Jones , and keyboardist Nicky Hopkins had recorded "Beck's Bolero." Page had thought about creating a supergroup with him, Beck, John Entwistle, and Keith Moon. Although the idea flunked, Moon had suggested a familiar name "Lead Zeppelin," with Entwistle adding that the proceedings would take to the air like a lead balloon. Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, Keith Relf, Jim McCarty, and Chris Dreja Page went to a Yardbirds concernt in Oxford where he learned that Paul Samwell-Smith was leaving the band. He offered to replace the band mate and was accepted. He played electric bass before switching places to lead guitar when Chris Dreja moved


Which rock band did Jarvis Cocker form in Sheffield in 1978 - they had their big break in 1981 ?

PULP PULP Now screening in selected Mexican & French Cinemas.  April 2015. USA - NOW AVAILABLE on VOD & DIGITAL Bright House Networks "I felt that the film was a triumph—moving, funny, sweet, eccentric—and the reaction from the audience, well, it’s the kind of thing that makes you feel like you are smiling with your heart. Two people who I spoke with were moved to tears. How many rock docs can you say that about?" -  DANGEROUS MINDS 'The only way to fully understand Pulp is to hang out in the town that birthed the band. "Sing along with the common people" isn't just a lyric - it's a mission statement.'  -  NOWTORONTO.COM IN US THEATERS 19 NOVEMBER 2014      WORLD PREMIERE  SXSW MARCH 2014  90 minutes, UK  2014     IMDB     Variety Review Starring Jarvis Cocker, Mark Webber, Candida Doyle, Nick Banks, Steve Mackey and the people of Sheffield. Directed by  Florian Habicht . Produced by Alex Boden ( Pistachio Pictures ) Director of photography Maria Ines Manchego. Edited by Peter O'Donoghue   UK distribution and festivals  Soda Pictures    Australia & New Zealand distribution / festivals  E One  / Hopscotch   Thanks for all the love from Saturday 7 June! Here's a slide show of responses from the premiere at Sheffield City Hall, Sheffield Doc Fest Opening Night... An infectious merging of mutually delighted spirits, Florian Habicht’s collaboration with Jarvis Cocker fixes the triumphant 2012 concert billed as UK pop rock band Pulp’s last ever within a loving portrait of the town where it all began. Applying the gregarious curiosity that’s served him so well in the hot pools of Ngawha (Kaikohe Demolition) and on the streets of Manhattan (Love Story), Habicht accosts resolutely down-to-earth Sheffielders with questions about love, life and the meaning of Jarvis. He draws equally arresting testimony from band members, visiting fans, Jarvis’ mum and the man himself. Rousing concert footage is supplemented with unlikely performances from locals who’ve made the Pulp repertoire resoundingly their own. Cocker’s knack for keeping it real, for drawing from regular experience and feeding back into it, is the film’s effortlessly realised QED. If you ever had your head invaded for days on end by Pulp’s ‘Common People’, prepare to have it reoccupied, this time with a portrait gallery for company. If you haven’t, there could hardly be a more irresistible invitation to join the party. — Bill Gosden,  New Zealand International Film Festival Mark Webber, Steve Mackey, Nick Banks, Candida Doyle, Jarvis Cocker Pulp: A Film about Life, Death and Supermarkets is the best film that could be made about Pulp. The majority of British pop bands were eager to be seen as “one of the lads,” with a pint in one hand and a copy of Loaded magazine in the other. Not Pulp, who wholeheartedly embraced an individualistic style of pervy proletariat, outsider chic. Their lyrics are the stuff of fluttering net curtains in run-down terraced houses, chaotic and confused teenage lust and not only not fitting in, but knowing you’ll never be able to. This documentary, centring on the band’s 2012 farewell concert, grasps everything that Pulp is about. It’s less a straightforward band biography and more a sociological study of the swamp of fears, loves and passions that bubbles away under the industrially cratered landscape of Sheffield.   -We Got This Covered, UK  five stars - full film review here   Band history... Most bands hit the big time immediately and fade away, or they build a dedicated following and slowly climb their way to the top. PULP didn't follow either route. For the first 12 years of their existence, PULP languished in near total obscurity, releasing a handful of albums and singles in the '80s to barely any attention. At the turn of the decade, the group began to gain an audience, sparking a remarkable turn of events that made the band one of the most popular British groups of the '90s. By the time PULP became famous, the band had gone through numerous different incarnations and changes in style, covering nearly every indie rock touchstone from post-pun


Billy don't be a Hero in 1974 was which group's only UK No 1?

Paper Lace - Billy don't be a Hero 1974 - YouTube Paper Lace - Billy don't be a Hero 1974 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Aug 21, 2009 Paper Lace - Billy don't be a Hero 1974 The marchin' band came down along Main Street The soldier-blues fell in behind I looked across and there I saw Billy Waiting to go and join the line And with her head upon his shoulder His young and lovely fiancee From where I stood, I saw she was cryin' And through her tears I heard her say "Billy, don't be a hero, don't be a fool with your life" "Billy, don't be a hero, come back and make me your wife" And as he started to go she said "Billy, keep your head lo-o-ow" "Billy, don't be a hero, come back to me" The soldier-blues were trapped on a hillside The battle raging all around The sergeant cried "We've got to hang on, boys" "We got to hold this piece a'ground" "I need a volunteer to ride up" "And bring us back some extra men" And Billy's hand was up in a moment Forgettin' all the words she said She said


Cricket - which Yorkshireman scored a then Test record 364 runs against Australia at the Oval in 1938 ?

Ranking the Top 50 Opening Batsmen in Test Cricket by Runs Scored | Bleacher Report Ranking the Top 50 Opening Batsmen in Test Cricket by Runs Scored Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Gareth Copley/Getty Images 4 Comments Opening the innings in Test-match cricket can be a tricky business at the very best of times, with batsmen having to contend with facing the opposition’s best bowlers armed with a brand-new ball in their hands. Not only that, but the pitch is also invariably offering some assistance, while a ring of slip fielders are always in place to catch any edges that may come their way. And that makes the following five-day performances of these 50 openers, ranked in order or runs scored, all the more special… *All stats courtesy of ESPNCricinfo , correct as of September 23 2014 Adrian Murrell/Getty Images 41 Tests; 72 Inns; 2,480 Runs; 34.92 Average Part of the famous Mohammad family batting clan, Sadiq—the youngest of the five brothers—opened the innings for Pakistan for 12 years between 1969 and 1981, scoring just under 2,500 runs at a healthy average of 34.92 in that time, including five tons. Mark Dadswell/Getty Images 32 Tests; 59 Inns; 2,492 Runs; 44.50 Average Australia’s Ian Redpath played almost half of his Test career as opener with a penchant for blocking, a position from where the Victorian recorded six of his eight centuries—the last of which came in his final match against West Indies on his home ground in 1976. Getty Images/Getty Images 36 Tests; 63 Inns; 2,614 Runs; 45.06 Average Moustachioed Australia right-hander David Boon formed a highly effective opening partnership alongside Geoff Marsh in the mid-to-late 80s, before in 1989 being shunted down to No. 3 so as to make way for the emergence of future skipper Mark Taylor. And despite some initial struggles outside off stump against the moving ball—particularly when England toured Down Under in 1986/87—the Tasmanian still scored more than 2,500 runs, including eight of his eventual 21 hundreds, at the top of the order in his Test career. Getty Images/Getty Images 46 Tests; 76 Inns; 2,630 Runs; 36.02 Average       Pakistan batsman Aamer Sohail played in all but one of his 47 Tests between 1992 and 2000 as an opener, during which time the graceful left-hander racked up 2,630 runs at a more-than-respectable average of 36.02, with four tons and a highest score of 205. Tweet 39 Tests; 65 Inns; 2,638 Runs; 41.87 Average Pakistan’s Hanif Mohammad captained his country, kept wicket, bowled and batted both in the middle—and at the top—of the order during his distinguished 55-match career between 1952 and 1969. However, it was while opening against West Indies in Barbados in January 1958 that the “Little Master” played the longest-ever innings in the history of Test cricket, with the right-hander remaining at the crease for 970 minutes in making his highest-ever score of 337. 45. Mark Richardson (New Zealand) Ben Radford/Getty Images 38 Tests; 64 Inns; 2,770 Runs; 44.67 Average Vastly under-rated New Zealand batsman Mark Richardson played all but one of the 65 Test innings for his country between 2000 and 2004 as an opener, with the obdurate left-hander compiling 2,770 runs in the process at a hugely impressive average of 44.67. And what is more, Richardson and compatriot Glenn Turner have also both recorded the fewest number of ducks (one) out of any player in this 50-man list. Associated Press 50 Tests; 91 Inns; 2,819 Runs; 33.55 Average Despite making his Test debut for Australia against India in Adelaide in December 1985 batting at No. 3, Geoff Marsh would then go on to feature as an opening batsman during the course of the next seven years. And for the second half of his career, the right-hander formed one of the most successful opening partnerships in his country’s history alongside Mark Taylor, although Marsh’s personal-best score of 138—one of his four tons—is the lowest of any player in this top 50. 43. Glenn Turner (New Zealand) PETER KEMP/Associated Press 38 Tests; 67 Inns; 2,828 Runs; 45.61 Average Despite starting his Test ca


At which Grand Prix was Ayrton Senna killed in 1994 ?

1994 San Marino GP: The world sees Senna die - F1 Fanatic F1 Fanatic The crash seen around the world 1994 San Marino Grand Prix flashback: SundayPosted on | Author Keith Collantine The Santerno river rises in the hills south-west of Imola. It winds its way down for 50 kilometres until it reaches the town, which is home to over 68,000 people and to a racing circuit: the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari. In April 1994 two men who had raced at the circuit many times before looked down at the river from the first of the track’s 15 corners: Tamburello. They had been testing their cars at the track, rounding the corner at over 300kph (186mph), and had become concerned about the concrete wall which separated the circuit from the river. One of the men had crashed at the corner five years earlier. His car exploded into flames, but men with fire extinguishers quickly arrived at the scene and saved his life. His companion pointed towards the Santerno. “Look,” he said, “we can’t move the wall, there’s a river behind it”. The two men agreed there was nothing that could be done about the wall. And with that Gerhard Berger and Ayrton Senna walked away. Tamburello Tamburello is an innocuous enough word in Italian: it means ‘tambourine’, and is also the name of a court game similar to squash. But to the Formula One world Tamburello is like Terlamenbocht at Zolder where Gilles Villeneuve died, or the nameless stretch of the Hockenheimring which claimed Jim Clark . It is the place where one of the greatest of them all met an untimely, unthinkable end. The Imola circuit had been in use for four decades and by the time it held its first world championship race in 1980 a chicane had been inserted before the start/finish line to reduce the speed of the cars as they approached Tamburello. But the constant improvements in car design had their inevitable effect and by 1994 drivers were tackling the corner at close to maximum speed without a hint of a lift on the throttle as their cars screamed towards the Tosa hairpin. It was uncommon to see anyone struggle in the corner unless they were unlucky enough to suffer a technical failure there. When that happened, the consequences were often fearful. In 1987 a suspected tyre failure sent Nelson Piquet’s Williams into the Tamburello wall, leaving him with concussion and forcing him to miss the race. Then came Berger’s crash in 1989, caused by front wing failure. Two years later the same happened to Michele Alboreto , who was hospitalised with broken ribs and a deep gash. In 1992 a second Williams driver, Riccardo Patrese, was taken to hospital after crashing at the corner during testing – again a tyre failure was to blame. Senna The subject of safety had been a growing concern of Senna’s for several years. He had befriended Professor Sid Watkins, taken an interest in his work and had a heart-to-heart talk with him following Ratzenberger’s death. At the drivers’ meeting, held at 11 o’clock on the morning of the race, Berger led the drivers in raising a complaint about the use of a course car to lead the field on the formation lap at the previous race. He did so at Senna’s urging, as both believed the car was too slow and prevented drivers from being able to get their tyres up to temperature. The decision was taken not to use the course car for the formation lap. Before leaving the drivers observed a minute’s silence in memory of Ratzenberger. Some of the more experienced drivers had witnessed fatalities before – including Martin Brundle , Michele Alboreto and Andrea de Cesaris. Senna himself had competed in a support race at Zolder in 1982 on the same weekend Gilles Villeneuve was killed . For many others the shock hit them all the harder for being unfamiliar. While increasingly concerned with safety matters, Senna’s impulse to compete spurred him on, and that side of his life presented him with further challenges. He had agonised over his switch from McLaren to Williams at the beginning of the year, and was still acclimatising to his new environment. Against expectations Williams had begun the season on th


Including the goalkeeper, how many players are there in a water Polo team ?

USAWATERPOLO.ORG :: Resources Understanding the Game Field of Play A standard (championship) course is 30m x 20m for men and 25m x 20m for women. The depth should be at least 1.8m. Despite these regulations, many non-standard (smaller) courses are in use throughout the USA. The field of play is segmented into zones marked by colored markings along the side of the pool: Goal line - white A goal counts only when the ball goes completely across the goal line and into the goal (close does not count); the ball is out of bounds if it goes completely across the goal line and not into the goal 2-meter line - red No offensive player is allowed to swim inside of the 2-meter line unless he/she has possession of the ball 5-meter line - yellow If a defensive player commits a foul inside of the 5-meter line, which prevents a "probable goal," the defensive player is charged with a penalty (personal) foul and the opposing team is awarded a penalty throw (a "5-meter"). If an offensive player is fouled outside of the 5-meter line, the offensive player may pick up the ball and take an immediate shot at the opponent's goal (i.e., two players do not have to touch the ball before a goal can be scored) Center line - white Mid-pool: After each goal is scored, play is re-started at mid-pool; the goalkeepers are not permitted to go across the mid-pool line. Players Each team must have seven players (six field players and one goalkeeper) in the water when the game starts. Normally, the home (or higher seeded) team wears white (or light colored) caps, starts the game to the left of the scoring table, and is on the left (or upper) portion of the scoreboard. The visiting (or lower seeded) team wears blue (or dark colored) caps, starts the game to the right of the scoring table, and is on the right (or lower) portion of the scoreboard. The goalkeepers wear red caps with earguards and numbers to match those of their teammates. Either team may substitute players freely after a goal is scored, during a time-out, or between periods. During actual play, substitutions must occur through the team's re-entry area (the corner of the pool in front of the team's bench). Fouls The referees whistle two different kinds of fouls: minor (ordinary) fouls and major (personal) fouls. There is no limit to the number of minor fouls a player may commit. In contrast, once a player has committed three major fouls, that player must leave the game and may not return. Minor fouls The referee normally signals a minor foul with one blast of the whistle and holding one arm out straight in the direction of the attack. If the minor foul is whistled against the team with the ball, the referee normally signals this with two blasts of the whistle but the arm signal is the same. After a minor foul, a member of the fouled team puts the ball into play by taking a free throw. If the foul is committed outside the 5m line, the player may take the free throw as a "direct shot" at the goal. The most common minor foul is impeding the free movement of a player who is not holding the ball. This is a standard defensive tactic and the majority of the whistles that lead to free throws are for impeding. Other (less common) minor fouls are whistled for: Delaying too long before taking a free throw To waste time (most often when a team elects not to shoot the ball and instead throws the ball to a vacant part of the pool and swims away without trying to retain possession) Holding the ball underwater so that the opponent cannot play it Touching the ball with two hands (does not apply to goalkeeper inside of the 5-meter line) Walking on or pushing off the bottom of the pool (does not apply to the goalkeeper inside of the 5-meter line) Tipping the ball out of the field of play Failing to take a shot within 30 seconds (letting the shot clock expire) For the goaltender to go past the center line Major Fouls A major foul is assigned to the player who commits it. Thus, a major foul is often referred to as a personal foul. Some major fouls result in the player being excluded for 20s, some for the entire game


The most famous horse race in the USA, the Kentucky Derby, is traditionally run on the first Saturday of which month ?

Kentucky Derby - Horse Racing Topics - ESPN Results The Kentucky Derby is a stakes race for 3-year-old thoroughbred horses, held each year in Louisville, Ky., in May. The race covers one and one-quarter miles and is known as "The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports" after its approximate time length. The Derby is the first leg of the Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing. The race is an extremely popular event, both in sports and in culture, and typically draws about 155,000 fans. The Derby is the final event of a two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. It holds many popular traditions, in everything from fashion -- large and distinctive hats for female attendants -- to drinks -- the popular mint julep. Horse racing has been a popular sport in Kentucky for more than 150 years, with the first race course laid out in Lexington in 1789. The first Derby, though, came about 100 years later, in 1875. Founded by Col. M. Lewis Clark, the Derby was the first of its kind in the South and was modeled after popular stakes races in England. The first Kentucky Derby took place on May 17, 1875, and was watched by more than 10,000 viewers. Four races were scheduled that day, but the Derby was the premier event. The first race was won by a 3-year-old chestnut colt, Aristides. Despite the high attendance and popularity of the event, the Derby and the Louisville Jockey Club were not financially successful, and it was bought and incorporated in 1894. In 1913, Donerail became the longest shot ever to win the Derby, at $92.40 to 1 odds. Donerail paid out $184.90 on a $2 bet and collected $5,475 for the victory. He won in 2:04.80, at the time the fastest time ever run. That record was broken again just a year later, when Old Rosebud set a track record of 2:03.40 -- winning the race by eight lengths. The Derby had another marquee year in 1915, when Regret became the first filly to win the race. After two record-setting years and a history-making race the next, the Derby had become a premier American sporting event. Having been taken over yet again, and consolidating its power with other Kentucky racing sites, the Derby became part of the Kentucky Jockey Club and its popularity grew over the next decade. The club obtained several new tracks in both Kentucky and Illinois and eventually reorganized as a holding company to increase its capitalization by almost 100 percent. By 1928, the American Turf Association was the new holding company for Churchill Downs and its partner tracks. In 1925, the race was broadcast live on the radio for the first time, spreading its popularity across the country. Its first international broadcast came not long after, when the transmission was sent from Louisville to New Jersey to England in 1933. Two years later, the first Kentucky Derby Festival was held. After the American Turf Association sold many of its holdings, Churchill Downs and Latonia merged into its own incorporated company, Churchill Downs-Latonia Incorporated, in 1937. After Latonia was sold in 1943, the company became just Churchill Downs Incorporated. The ATA was dissolved in 1953, and Churchill Downs became the sole holding company. World War II provided some challenges for the Derby, but it continued each year. In 1943, government travel restrictions precluded the sale of any out-of-town tickets, and Count Fleet won a race known as the "Street Car Derby." The government banned all horse racing in January 1945, threatening the Derby's continuous run of races, but it was lifted in May and the 71st Derby was held in June. Over the 10 years from 1940 to 1950, Churchill Downs Foundation donated $1.5 million to war charities and other causes. The first televised Derby -- on a local channel and a limited basis -- was run in 1949. The first national telecast came three years later, on May 3, 1952; and a video replay system was installed for the first time in 1954. The 1950s also saw vast improvements and renovations done to Churchill Downs, modernizing and expanding the track. The first (and only) Derby winner disqualification took place in 1968, when the winn


Which animals feature on the Royal Arms of England?

QI : Quite Interesting Heraldry is the fusion of fact and fancy, myth and manner, romance and reality. It is an exuberant union of family, art, and history.  CHARLES BURNETT Heraldry Bend sinister The diagonal bar from bottom left to top right of a shield is a ‘bend sinister’, which often denoted illegitimacy. One monarch who made use of the bend sinister was Charles II – for the five children by his mistress Barbara Palmer. All of them also went by the name Fitzroy, meaning ‘son of the King’, another way of proclaiming Royal parentage. Henry Fitzroy, the present Duke of Grafton, is descended from one of them and still uses the baton sinister (a ‘baton’ is like a ‘bend’, but doesn’t go all the way to the edge of the shield) on his arms. The bend sinister as a mark of illegitimacy was rarely used outside the Royal family, though some historical fiction (following Sir Walter Scott’s lead) has suggested it was.   Badly behaved knights could have blood red or orange ‘abatements’ added to their coat of arms. These colours, not used in heraldry for other purposes, were known as ‘stains’ (from which we get the expression ‘a stain on one’s character’).  It wasn’t compulsory to wear your coat of arms and shamed knights probably wouldn't have bothered. Nobles executed for treason were made to wear tunics with their coats of arms upside down. Erasmus Darwin’s family crest contained the motto E conchis omnia ‘everything from shells’, reflecting his belief in evolution. JEAN COCTEAU (1889-1963) Every poem is a coat of arms. It must be deciphered. How much blood, how many tears in exchange for these axes, these unicorns, these torches, these fields of blue! Three leopards on my shirt In the medieval period, the three animals depicted on the King of England’s arms  – and which now adorn the badge on England’s football strip – were called leopards, not lions.   Medieval heraldry did have lions, though the term applied to the side facing lion, standing on its hind legs roaring, with claws at the ready. Modern heraldic convention refers to both types as lions with the distinction that the former are ‘lions passant guardant' and  the latter is a ‘lion rampant’. The current arms of England are the same Plantagenet arms as used by Richard the Lionheart from 1198 and formally described as ‘Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or armed and langued azure’. Which, when translated into English, means 'three identical gold leopards with blue tongues and claws, walking and facing the observer, arranged in a column on a red background'. While they are not used in any official capacity on their own, the lions do feature prominently in the royal arms of the United Kingdom along with the ‘lion rampant’ which represents Scotland.     MARK TWAIN The coat-of-arms of the human race ought to consist of a man with an axe on his shoulder proceeding toward a grindstone. ‘Mullet’ is a heraldry term, meaning neither haircut nor fish, but ‘star'.


Stretching from Winchester in the west to Eastbourne in the east which is England's newest National Park, established in April, 2011 ?

South Downs National Park Rangers - Wildlife - Sussex Life South Downs National Park Rangers 00:24 01 March 2012 South Downs National Park Rangers While you're enjoying our new National Park, give a thought to the men and women maintaining and enhancing it. Kate Eastman learns more about the life of a ranger. Email this article to a friend To send a link to this page you must be logged in. The South Downs is Englands newest National Park and it became fully operational on 1 April 2011. The Park covers an area of 1,627 square kilometers in southern England, stretching for 140 kilometers (87 miles) from Winchester in the west to Eastbourne in the east through the counties of Hampshire, West and East Sussex. Recognised as an area of outstanding beauty, the South Downs is also home to a multitude of vibrant working communities steeped in history and traditional English culture and is home to more than 110,400 people. The Park covers the chalk ridge of the South Downs, with its celebrated chalk downland landscape culminating in the iconic chalky white cliffs of Beachy Head, but also a substantial part of a separate physiographic region, the western Weald, with its heavily wooded sandstone and clay hills and vales. Ranger Jeremy Burgess (pictured overleaf) manages rangers from the Brighton and Hove part of the South Downs across to Beachy Head, which is about 350 square km. Jeremy has been working with the National Park since last April and worked in the Sussex Downs for four years before that, but he has been a ranger for 25 years. There are four of us in the National Park team. My job involves managing that team, and all of us work in partnership to build relationships with land owners and communities, explains Jeremy. Our work can include anything from leading volunteers, conservation work, mending gates on open access land to working with village communities. The parishes down the Ouse valley are a good example of this, theyre looking to develop an off-road cycleway for safe cycling between Lewes and Newhaven and weve been working with them to help draw together the different communities to get them constituted as a group and wherever we can advise and support the project. Jeremys job is different every day. I can be in discussions one day about clearing some scrub off a historic monument and the next day Im talking about transport and bus services. I first became interested in becoming a ranger when I was 14, spending my summer holidays volunteering in Dartmoor National Park, he says. Then I followed the career path of going to college, studying a degree in countryside management and then starting out into the role. Jeremy wanted to become a ranger initially because he enjoyed working outside. In the early days it was much more practical, I was doing more rural skills like building stone walls, especially on Dartmoor. As time goes on the rangers roles are very different, and you evolve to the environment. Theres still a practical element but there is much more community involvement. Because were in our first year as a National Park were very much developing relationships. We are also very keen to try and develop some large initiatives, one of which is to do with the heritage coast. All around the white cliffs of Seven Sisters and Beachy Head were trying to draw people together to get added value for the area in terms of managing the landscape but also in education and recreation. There are lots of different people working in the area but actually getting them to work together is difficult. The best thing about my job is that no two days are the same and that I am doing something that I really enjoy and feel privileged to be able to do. Tom Parry covers the central east area of Sussex from the river Adur across to Storrington. One of the projects I have been working on recently is a community scheme called Steyning Downing scheme. As part of Steyning Grammer Schools forest skills education, we bring 30 children out into the Downs every Wednesday to work on this project. The scheme has been leased about three hectares of de


Which river, which flows into the Irish Sea between Lytham St Annes and Southport, marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia?

settlehydro.org.uk River Ribble (The following information is taken from Wikipedia) The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire Three Peaks. It is the only river rising in Yorkshire which flows westward. It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km).  Its main tributaries are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank. Above Hellifield the valley of the river is known as Ribblesdale. The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia. At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire, though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire. The river is connected to both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Lancaster Canal (via the Ribble Link). The river downstream of Preston was actively dredged when Preston was an active port; this is no longer done and silt from the river is now spreading more widely over the (sand) beaches around Fairhaven and St. Annes. Its 10 mile wide estuary forms part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife. An average of 340,000 water birds over-winter in the estuary making it the most important wetland site in Britain. The Ribble is also a key breeding ground for the endangered Atlantic salmon.


What is the two digit country calling code for England from abroad?

United Kingdom Country Code 44 Country Code GB About United Kingdom Hide CountryCode.org is your complete guide to make a call from anywhere in the world, to anywhere in the world. This page details United Kingdom phone code. The United Kingdom country code 44 will allow you to call United Kingdom from another country. United Kingdom telephone code 44 is dialed after the IDD. United Kingdom international dialing 44 is followed by an area code. The United Kingdom area code table below shows the various city codes for United Kingdom. United Kingdom country codes are followed by these area codes. With the complete United Kingdom dialing code, you can make your international call.


Which is the most easterly of the five boroughs that make up the metropolitan county of Merseyside?

Merseyside - YouTube Merseyside Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 23, 2014 Merseyside (/ˈmɜrzisaɪd/) is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1.38 million. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey. Merseyside spans 249 square miles (645 km2) of land which border Lancashire (to the north-east), Greater Manchester (to the east), and Cheshire (to the south and south-west); the Irish Sea is to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the fifth most populous conurbation in England, and dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video Category


What is the name of the 28 acre recreational lake in hyde Park, London, created by George II's royal gardener in 1730 ?

serpentine lake : definition of serpentine lake and synonyms of serpentine lake (English) Basin countries England The Serpentine (also known as the Serpentine River) is a 28-acre (11 ha) recreational lake in Hyde Park, London , England, created in 1730. Although it is common to refer to the entire body of water as the Serpentine, strictly the name refers only to the eastern half of the lake. Serpentine Bridge, which marks the boundary between Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens , also marks the western boundary of the Serpentine; the long and narrow western half of the lake is known as the Long Water. The Serpentine takes its name from its snakelike, curving shape. [1] Contents   Geography of the lake   Sluice gate of the 1730 dam at the eastern end of the lake Originally the lake was fed by the River Westbourne entering at the Italian Garden at the north-western end of the Long Water. The Westbourne ceased to provide the water for the Serpentine in 1834, as the river had become polluted, [2] and it is now supplied from water pumped from the Thames. The Long Water runs south-east from this point to Serpentine Bridge, where the lake curves sharply to the east. At the eastern end, water flows out of the lake via a sluice in the dam, forming a small ornamental waterfall. Historically, the river flowed due south from this point marking the boundary between Westminster and Kensington , but since 1850, the river has been diverted into a culvert, running underground to join the Thames near Chelsea Bridge . The lake has a maximum depth of 40 feet (12 m). [3] There are two lakeside restaurants and various recreational facilities on the shore of the Serpentine, as well as the Serpentine Gallery and the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain .   History   Detail of the 1746 Rocque map showing the newly constructed Serpentine. The paths converging on the Round Pond to the west of the lake are also visible. In 1730 Queen Caroline , wife of George II , ordered the damming of the River Westbourne in Hyde Park as part of a general redevelopment of Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens. [4] At that time, the Westbourne formed eleven natural ponds in the park. During the 1730s, the lake filled to its current size and shape. The redevelopment was carried out by Royal Gardener Charles Bridgeman , who dammed the Westbourne to create the artificial lake, and also dug a large pond in the centre of Kensington Gardens (the Round Pond) to be a focal point for pathways in the park. [5] At the time of construction, artificial lakes were long and straight. The Serpentine was one of the earliest artificial lakes designed to appear natural, [6] and was widely imitated in parks and gardens nationwide. [6]   The Long Water from the Italian Garden. Large numbers of mute swans nest in this area. The lake achieved notoriety in December 1816 when Harriet Westbrook, the pregnant wife of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley , was found drowned in the Serpentine [7] having left a suicide note addressed to her father, sister and husband. [8] Shelley married Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin less than two weeks later.   Serpentine Bridge The lake formed a focal point for the 1814 celebrations commemorating the British victory at Trafalgar , and of the 1851 Great Exhibition , with the Crystal Palace standing on its southern shore. [6] Following the introduction of more stringent regulations to protect the environment in the park, the relocation of the Crystal Palace, and the construction of the nearby Albertopolis complex of museums and exhibitions, large-scale events ceased to take place on the banks of the Serpentine. However, it was the location for the 1977 Silver Jubilee celebrations, [4] and will serve as a venue for the 2012 Olympics . [9] In the 1820s, the park was extensively redesigned by Decimus Burton . At the same time, John Rennie built the Serpentine Bridge to carry the newly built West Carriage Drive along the boundary between Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens, formally dividing the lake into the Serpentine (east) and the Long Water (west). [6]   View across the Lon


There are just two towns in Rutland - Oakham, the county town and which other, best known for its 428 year old public school ?

1000+ images about Lovely Oakham and Rutland, UK on Pinterest | Church, King and Castles Forward Rutland is England's smallest county. The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is the large artificial reservoir, Rutland Water, with a similar surface area to Windermere. It's said there are more sheep in Rutland than people. See More


Cleeve Hill, at 330m, is the highest point in which range of hills in south-western and west central England ?

Cotswolds Homes in Cotswolds Cotswolds Homes in Cotswolds Cotswolds From Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia The Cotswolds is the name given to a range of hills in central England, sometimes called the "Heart of England", a hilly area reaching over 300 m or 1000 feet. The area has been designated as the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The highest point in the Cotswolds is Cleeve Hill at 330m/1083ft. The Cotswolds lie within the current ceremonial counties of Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Somerset, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. The county of Gloucestershire forms the largest area of the Cotswolds. Description The spine of the Cotswolds runs southwest to northeast through six counties (see note above), particularly Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, and southern Warwickshire. The northern and western edges of the Cotswolds are marked by steep escarpments down to the Severn valley and the Avon. This escarpment or scarp feature (sometimes called the Cotswold Edge) is a result of the uplifting (tilting) of the limestone layer, exposing its broken edge. The dip slope is to the southeast. On the eastern boundary lies the city of Oxford and on the west is Stroud. To the south the middle reaches of the Thames Valley and towns such as Cirencester, Lechlade and Fairford are often considered to mark the limit of this region. However, key features of the area, especially the characteristic uplift of the Cotswold Edge, can be clearly seen as far south as Bath, and towns such as Chipping Sodbury and Marshfield retain elements of Cotswold character. The area is characterised by attractive small towns and villages built of the underlying Cotswold stone (a yellow oolitic limestone). This limestone is rich in fossils, in particular fossilised sea urchins. In the Middle Ages, the wool trade made the Cotswolds prosperous. Some of this money was put into the building of churches so the area has a number of large, handsome Cotswold stone "wool churches". The area remains affluent and has attracted wealthy people who own second homes in the area or have chosen to retire to the Cotswolds. Jeremy Clarkson of the BBC motoring programme Top Gear lives close to Chipping Norton Typical Cotswold towns are Bourton-on-the-Water, Broadway, Burford, Chipping Norton, Cirencester, Moreton-in-Marsh, Stow-on-the-Wold and Winchcombe. The village of Chipping Campden is notable for being the home of the Arts and Crafts movement, founded by William Morris at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. William Morris lived occasionally in Broadway Tower a folly now part of a country park. Chipping Campden is also known for the annual Cotswold Games, a celebration of sports and games dating back to the early 17th century. Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty The Cotswolds were designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1966, with an expansion on 21 December 1990 to 1,990 square kilometres. In 1991 all AONBs were measured again using modern methods. The official area of the Cotswolds AONB increased to 2,038 square kilometres. In 2000 the government confirmed that AONBs had the same landscape quality and status as National Parks. 2006 is the 40th anniversary of The AONB. The largest of 40 AONBs in England and Wales, the Cotswolds AONB stretches from the border regions of South Warwickshire and Worcestershire, through West Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire and takes in parts of West Wiltshire and Bath and North East Somerset in the South. The Cotswold Way is a long-distance footpath (approx 103 miles) running the length of the AONB. The Cotswold Voluntary Wardens Service was established in 1968 to help conserve and enhance the area. There are now over 300 Wardens. In 2005 they gave over 36,000 hours of their time. Transport The M5 motorway and Cross Country rail line run north - south close to the western boundary of the area. The M4 motorway and Great Western Main Line cross the area in the south as do the A40 road and Cotswold Line in the north. Cheltenham is a hub for National Express coach services. Note on counties Be


Which state has the longest coastline and 75% of the active volcanoes in the USA?

Which U.S. state has the longest coastline? | Reference.com Which U.S. state has the longest coastline? A: Quick Answer In the United States, the state of Alaska has the longest coastline, which extends for 6,640 miles. Alaska has 33,904 miles of shoreline including islands. Full Answer Alaska is the largest state by area, encompassing a massive 663 million square miles. Seventeen of the tallest mountains in the U.S. are found in Alaska, including the highest peak in North America, Mount McKinley. The mountain rises 20,320 feet above sea level. The Yukon River is the third-longest river in the country. Alaska is surrounded by an estimated 100,000 glaciers and around 70 potentially active volcanoes. It is also the state with the highest frequency of earthquakes.


"In 2002, which Secretary of Defence explained about ""known knowns"", ""known unknowns"" and ""unknown unknowns"" in a speech referring to terrorism?"

Andrew Arbuckle: When unknowns outweigh knowns - The Scotsman Andrew Arbuckle: When unknowns outweigh knowns Donald Rumsfeld's comments could apply to new bill. Picture: AP Photo/Ed Wray ANDREW ARBUCKLE Have your say Long after everyone has forgotten who said it and in what context, former US defence secretary Donald Rumsfeld’s comment on there being “known knowns, known unknowns and worst of all unknown unknowns” is still applicable in some modern day situations. His complex strangulation of the English language could easily be applied to the land reform legislation currently going through the Scottish Parliament. Just before they departed on their Christmas holidays, MSPs held a debate on this extremely complex and multi-faceted bill which covers everything from creating a register of who owns land to far-reaching changes in agricultural holdings. Listening to the debate, it was easy to concur with the view of NFU Scotland and Scottish Land & Estates that it would have been better to split the proposed bill into two, with agricultural tenancy matters being dealt with separately. READ MORE: Fears Land Reform Bill is being rushed through As it is, the whole clamajamphrie will be pushed through in the first 12 weeks of 2016 as this is also the last twelve weeks of a Parliament which closes down at the end of March with MSPs up for election in May. As some of the grey beard politicians who had dealt with the 2003 agricultural tenancy legislation warned, rushing through changes in complex laws needs time and consideration. Some of the errors in that earlier legislation are still bedevilling tenants, landlords and the government more than a decade later. Starting with the known knowns, there will be a Tenant Farming Commissioner to help resolve disputes between landlords and tenants. There is cross party support for establishing this post. There are other known knowns that do not have support across the political divide but which will be enacted courtesy of the government’s majority. Included in this category is the proposal to tax shooting estates. Now to the knowns but which contain unknown elements. Landlords listening to the pre-Christmas debate might have been chilled by the broadsword (sabre?) rattling by some MSPs calling for farm tenants to have an absolute right-to-buy their leased properties. The unknown element here is just how broad-based is the absolute right-to-buy call. Another piece of the legislation to come under the positive/negative category is the right of a tenant to assign his lease to someone outwith the family or to sell the lease back to the landlord at a premium. These unheralded concepts shocked landowners who may have believed the cabinet secretary’s agricultural holdings review report would form the basis of the government’s position on farm tenancies. The consequences of both are in the unknown category as landlords are already referring to them as breaching their human rights. Then we come to the unknown unknowns. Some of those might emerge when the Scottish Government gets round to publishing its comprehensive response to the proposals in the legislation. Not only had it not managed to publish its views but the minister leading the debate confirmed some hefty pieces of law would be sneaked through as secondary legislation. OK, she did not use the word sneaked, but opposition MSPs took that interpretation. For clarity, the use of secondary legislation allows ministers to push through sections of law without bothering too much about debate. Thus parts of the most radical changes to land holding in 100 years or more may come into being either through piecemeal additions such as the proposal to allow tenants to assign their tenancies, or it may pass undebated through the use of the legalistic device of secondary legislation. One of the fundamental reasons for establishing the Scottish Parliament was that it would allow time to debate purely Scottish matters. The land reform legislation is an ideal subject for thorough dissection and yet much of it will be decided either outwith the chamber or wit


In 1851 a club team led by John Cox Stevens won the world's oldest active sporting trophy. It was not until 1983 that an Australian team won the trophy thus ending a 132 year winning streak. What was the sport?

AMERICA S CUP : definition of AMERICA S CUP and synonyms of AMERICA S CUP (English) americascup.com The America’s Cup is a trophy awarded to the winner of the America's Cup match races between two yachts . One yacht, known as the defender, represents the yacht club that currently holds the America's Cup and the second yacht, known as the challenger, represents the yacht club that is challenging for the cup. The America's Cup is the oldest active trophy in international sport. [1] The trophy was originally awarded in 1851 by the Royal Yacht Squadron for a race around the Isle of Wight , which was won by the schooner America . The trophy was renamed the America's Cup after the boat and was donated to the New York Yacht Club (NYYC) under the terms of the Deed of Gift , which made the cup available for perpetual international competition. Any yacht club that meets the requirements specified in the Deed of Gift has the right to challenge the yacht club that holds the Cup. If the challenging club wins the match, it gains stewardship of the cup. The history and prestige associated with the America's Cup attracts not only the world's top sailors and yacht designers but also the involvement of wealthy entrepreneurs and sponsors. It is a test not only of sailing skill and boat and sail design, but also of fund-raising and management skills. The trophy was held by the NYYC from 1857 (when the syndicate that won the Cup donated the trophy to the club) until 1983 when the Cup was won by the Royal Perth Yacht Club , represented by the yacht Australia II , ending the longest winning streak in the history of sport. [2] From the third defense of the Cup in 1876 through the twentieth defense in 1967, there was always only one potential challenger. In 1970, for the first time, there were multiple potential challengers, so the NYYC agreed that the challengers run a challenger selection series with the winner becoming the challenger for that year and competing against the defender in the America's Cup match. Since 1983, Louis Vuitton has sponsored the Louis Vuitton Cup as a prize for the winner of the challenger selection series. From the first defense in 1870, matches were raced between yachts 65–90 ft (20–27 m) on the waterline owned by wealthy sportsmen. This culminated with the J-Class regattas of the 1930s. After World War II and almost twenty years without a challenge, the NYYC made changes to the Deed of Gift to allow smaller, less expensive 12-metre class yachts to compete; this class was used until it was replaced in 1990 by the International America’s Cup Class . The 2010 America's Cup was raced in 90 ft (27 m) multihull yachts in a best-of-three "deed-of-gift" match in Valencia, Spain in February 2010. Challenger BMW Oracle Racing beat defender Alinghi 2–0 and won the Cup for the Golden Gate Yacht Club . The 2013 America's Cup will be held in San Francisco, California. Contents   History   The Yacht 'America' Winning the International Race, by Fitz Henry Lane , 1851 The Cup itself is an ornate sterling silver [nb 1] bottomless ewer , one of several off-the-shelf trophies crafted in 1848 by Garrard & Co . [3] Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey bought one and donated it for the Royal Yacht Squadron 's 1851 Annual Regatta around the Isle of Wight . It was originally known as the "R.Y.S. £100 Cup", standing for a cup of a hundred GB Pounds or "sovereigns" in value. The Cup was subsequently mistakenly engraved [4] as the "100 Guinea Cup" by the America syndicate, but was also referred to as the "Queen's Cup" and the "America's Cup" (a guinea is an obsolete monetary unit of one pound and one shilling, now £1.05). Today, the trophy is officially known as the "America's Cup" and is affectionately called the "Auld Mug" by the sailing community. It is inscribed with names of the yachts that competed for it, [4] [nb 2] and has been modified twice by adding matching bases to accommodate more names.   1851 America wins the Cup In 1851 Commodore John Cox Stevens , a charter member of the fledgling New York Yacht Club (NYYC), formed a


999 is the number for Police, Ambulance, Fire Service, Coast Guard, Mountain Rescue and which other emergency service?

Nick Harrison: Responding to Emergency Service Incidents Responding to Emergency Service Incidents Unit 15: responding to emergency service incidents The 999 system The 999 system was first introduced in London on 30th June 1937 on the occurrence of a fire on the 10th November 1935 in a house on Wimpole Street in which five women were killed. The 999 number is the official emergency contact number for the key services which the public can gain contact with 24 hours a day for urgent assistance. By using this number the caller could call the Police, Fire & Rescue, Ambulance, Coast guard, Mountain Rescue and Cave rescue. The process of which the caller will go through when using the 999 system. Incident grading is the process how each emergency service responds, by the action of priority. Police The police have four categories they use to prioritise the incidents that occur Grade 1 (Emergency Response) An example of an emergency response would be any situation where there is a risk to a person's life or, a person who has had threatening behaviour or in progress of this behaviour occurring. Also any form of crime that is being committed or any serious injury to any person. Grade 2 (Priority Response) A grade 2 response classifies incidents that can range from a road traffic collision, which involves serious injury of the people involved and obstruction of access. Another grade 2 response is where a suspect has been arrested or detained and there is no danger of this person causing any harm to themselves or another. Grade 3 (Scheduled Response) The time in which the police respond to this incident is not of high priority. For example, the police have to take a statement from a person who has been assaulted. However the Police could arrange a time and place to question or take a statement for the given incident. Grade 4 (Resolution Without Deployment) These types of incidents can be concluded by advice over the telephone, or by being directed an Internet page of frequently asked questions. An example for these incidents could be, a driver has been given a fixed speeding penalty, speeders must attend a speed awareness course, the police can send a letter, or call the person about the detail of when to attend this course. ____________________________________________________________________________ Roles and Responsibilities (P2) The Roles and Responsibilities of any emergency service that is first to any scene of an emergency must assess and provide information of the scene according to the following: Casualties - how many casualties there are. Hazards - any dangers that may threaten the services or casualties. Access - are there any obstacles that are preventing the services from gaining access to the scene or preventing rescue. Location - identify quickest route to the scene of the emergency incident. Emergency services - must provide information on which emergency services are required at the scene. Type of incident - they must use incident grading to assess the situation for each emergency service required. Start a log - they must record all details of all of the above. ____________________________________________________________________________ The roles and responsibilities of the police are to: Uphold the law the fairly and firmly. Pursue and bring to justice those who break the law. Keep the Queen's peace. Protect, help and reassure the community. Operate with integrity, common sense and fair judgement. ____________________________________________________________________________ The roles and responsibilities of the ambulance service are to: Save life. Provide treatment, stabilisation and care at the scene. Provide support to those who involved with the patient. ____________________________________________________________________________ The roles and responsibilities of the fire service are to: Prevent and control a fire. Protect the lives of civilians. Quarantine hazardous areas. Preserve evidence at the scene of a deliberate fire. Protect the environment. ___________________________________________________________


In which decade was the telephone invented?

History of the Telephone - Independent Telecommunications Pioneer Association History of the Telephone - Independent Telecommunications Pioneer Association A Brief History By Jason Morris During the 1870's, two well known inventors both independently designed devices that could transmit sound along electrical cables. Those inventors were Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray. Both devices were registered at the patent office within hours of each other. There followed a bitter legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell subsequently won. The telegraph and telephone are very similar in concept, and it was through Bell's attempts to improve the telegraph that he found success with the telephone. The telegraph had been a highly successful communication system for about 30 years before Bell began experimenting. The main problem with the telegraph was that it used Morse code, and was limited to sending and receiving one message at a time. Bell had a good understanding about the nature of sound and music. This enabled him to perceive the possibility of transmitting more than one message along the same wire at one time. Bell's idea was not new, others before him had envisaged a multiple telegraph. Bell offered his own solution, the "Harmonic Telegraph". This was based on the principal that musical notes could be sent simultaneously down the same wire, if those notes differed in pitch. By the latter part of 1874 Bell's experiment had progressed enough for him to inform close family members about the possibility of a multiple telegraph. Bell's future father in law, attorney Gardiner Green Hubbard saw the opportunity to break the monopoly exerted by the Western Union Telegraph Company. He gave Bell the financial backing required for him to carry on his work developing the multiple telegraph. However Bell failed to mention that he and his accomplice, another brilliant young electrician Thomas Watson, were developing an idea which occurred to him during the summer. This idea was to create a device that could transmit the human voice electrically. Bell and Watson continued to work on the harmonic telegraph at the insistence of Hubbard and a few other financial backers. During March 1875 Bell met with a man called Joseph Henry without the knowledge of Hubbard. Joseph Henry was the respected director of the Smithsonian Institution. He listened closely to Bell's ideas and offered words of encouragement. Both Bell and Watson were spurred on by Henry's opinions and continued their work with even greater enthusiasm and determination. By June 1875 they realised their goal of creating a device that could transmit speech electrically would soon be realised. Their experiments had proven different tones would vary the strength of an electric current in a wire. Now all they had to do was build a device with a suitable membrane capable of turning those tones into varying electronic currents and a receiver to reproduce the variations and turn them back into audible format at the other end. In early June, Bell discovered that while working on his harmonic telegraph, he could hear a sound over the wire. It was the sound of a twanging clock spring. It was on March 10th 1876 that Bell was to finally realise the success and communications potential of his new device. The possibilities of being able to talk down an electrical wire far outweighed those of a modified telegraph system, which was essentially based on just dots and dashes. According to Bell's notebook entry for that date, he describes his most successful experiment using his new piece of equipment, the telephone. Bell spoke to his assistant Watson, who was in the next room, through the instrument and said "Mr Watson, come here, I want to speak to you". Alexander Graham Bell was born on 3rd March 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His family were leading authorities in elocution and speech correction. He was groomed and educated to follow a career in the same speciality. By the age of just 29 in 1876 he had invented and patented the telephone. His thorough knowledge of sound and aco


Lesley Griffiths, Wrexham's Assembly Member, holds which Welsh Cabinet post?

Welsh Government | Lesley Griffiths AM Lesley Griffiths AM Justice Legislative programme » The Welsh Governmentâs legislative priorities for the coming year are outlined in an annual statement by the First Minister. The scheme will support local community and environmental projects in areas affected by the disposal of waste to landfill. Final Budget 2017-18 » The amount of funding allocated to Welsh Government Main Expenditure Groups (MEGs) for 2017-18 is Â£15bn. Last updated 07 July 2016 Related Links Farming and countryside issues which affect your agricultural business. Biographical details and ministerial responsibilities of the Cabinet Secretary for Environment and Rural Affairs. Lesley Griffiths was brought up in North East Wales and has lived and worked in Wrexham all her adult life. She has 2 daughters and has served as a school governor and community councillor. She worked at the Wrexham Maelor Hospital for 20 years. Prior to her election she worked as constituency assistant to Ian Lucas, MP. As a strong supporter of devolution for Wales, she played an active role in the 1997 'Yes for Wales' campaign. She is a member of Unison. She was elected to the National Assembly for Wales in May 2007 and served on several Assembly Committees. She set up and chaired the Cross Party Hospice Group. In December 2009, she was appointed Deputy Minister for Science, Innovation and Skills. Following re-election to the National Assembly for Wales in May 2011, Lesley Griffiths was appointed Minister for Health and Social Services and in March 2013 was appointed Minister for Local Government and Government Business. In September 2014, she was appointed Minister for Communities and Tackling Poverty. In May 2016, following re-election, she was appointed Cabinet Secretary for Environment and Rural Affairs. Outside of politics, her main hobbies are music, walking and watching Wrexham Football Club. Lesley is formerly an elected director of the Wrexham Supporters Trust. The Cabinet Secretary for Environment and Rural Affairs is responsible for: National strategy and policy for Natural Resources Management, including oversight and implementation of the Environment (Wales) Act and Natural Resources Wales Cross-cutting measures of mitigation and adaptation in relation to climate change, including water, land drainage, flood and coastal risk, and control of marine and air pollution National strategy and policy for water Sustainable resource and waste management in Wales Energy policy including small-medium scale energy production, domestic energy, energy efficiency and the reduction of fuel poverty Access to the countryside, coast and rights of way and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and National Parks Biodiversity policy, including implementation of the Nature Recovery Plan Forestry policy and legislation, including re-stocking, tree health and forest reproductive material Inland, coastal and sea fisheries: policy regulation and enforcement, including Common Fisheries Policy and the management of fishery harbours Marine and fresh water planning, biodiversity, conservation and licensing Oversight and implementation of the Planning Acts, all aspects of planning policy and the determination of called-in planning applications and appeals and compulsory purchase orders Planning gain – Section 106 Agreements contained in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Developments of National Significance: determination of planning applications and connected consents All aspects of building regulations Wales Spatial Plan and the National Development Framework Strategic lead on allotments and urban green infrastructure Local environment quality, including litter, fly-tipping, noise policy and regulation The Rural Development Programme Common Agricultural Policy Direct Payments and responsibility for cross-compliance Agriculture sector development, including wages and skills Developing agri-food sector, associated supply chains, promotion and marketing of food and drink from Wales Animal health and welfare


Who was the leader of the forces defeated in the Battle of Watling Street in 61 AD?

Battle of Watling Street (61 AD) -- Boudicca (Ancient British) vs. Suetonius Paulinus (Early Imperial Roman) Battle Scenarios Battle of Watling Street (61 AD) When Prasutagus, King of the Iceni, died in 60 AD, the local Roman procurator Catus Decianus confiscated Iceni lands, and had his soldiers flog Prasutagus' wife Boudicca and rape her daughters. This outrage, coupled with repressive Roman taxes to recover previous loans to the Iceni and tributes levied on the neighboring Trinovantes to build a Roman temple at Colchester, prompted a revolt of the two tribes lead by Boudicca. Boudicca's host first sacked Colchester, massacring the inhabitants and tearing down the new temple. A vexillation of the 9th Legion (Legio Hispania) from Lincoln rushed to the region to suppress the rebellion, but was ambushed in line of march, with over 2000 Roman legionaries killed.  Boudicca's army continued their march of retribution, torching Chelmsford and then Verulamium (near St. Albans). Londinium (London) was next, its buildings set to the torch and its inhabitants put to the sword. At this point, rather than dispersing with their loot, Boudicca was able to convince her host of the need for a decisive battle against the Romans in Britain before reinforcements could arrive from Gaul. Boudicca's army continued their advance northwest along the Watling Road to seek battle against the army of the Roman governor Seutonius Paulinus, as the war of retribution had become a war of liberation. Seutonius had been campaigning with the 14th Legion against the Druids at Mona on the Isle of Anglesey. Returning at first news of the revolt, he was forced to abandon St. Albans and Londinium to their fate for lack of available troops. Instead, he gathered his forces at a defensible position along the Watling Street, which has been tentatively identified with the Roman fort at Mancetter (Manduessendum or "Place of Chariots"). Here he purportedly positioned his legions at the head of a wide defile (the valley of a small tributary to the River Anker), with thick forest and the fort itself to guard his flanks and rear. The River Anker also ran parallel across the front of the Roman position, although its effect on the subsequent battle is not clear. Tactitus (Annals XIV) described the position as follows: "...He chose a position approached by a narrow defile and secured in the rear by a forest, first satisfying himself that there was no trace of an enemy except in his front, and that the plain there was devoid of cover and allowed no suspicion of an ambuscade." According to Tacitus (Annals XIV), Seutonius had a total of 10,000 men, including his 14th Legion, a vexillation of the 20th Legion, and auxiliaries. Other estimates put the Roman force at 7000-8000 legionaries and 4000 auxiliaries (including cavalry). The size of Boudicca's army is more speculative, with Tacitus reporting 100,000 and Cassius Dio estimating a quarter of a million. Both sources agree, however, that the British forces had brought their families along to witness the decisive battle, and that their carts and wagons were arrayed encircling the rear of the British position, forming a signficant barrier to movement. As the armies arrayed for battle, the commanders sought to motivate their respective soldiers. Boudicca is reputed to have told her followers, "win the battle or perish, that is what I, a woman will do; you men can live in slavery if that is what you want." Suetonius' remarks, recorded by Tactitus from the recollections of Agricola who was present at the battle, were more business-like: "Ignore the racket made by these savages. There are more women than men in their ranks. They are not soldiers - they're not even properly equipped. We've beatten them before and when they see our weapons and feel our spirit, they'll crack. Stick together. Throw the javelins, then push forward: knock them down with your shields and finish them off with your swords. Forget about booty. Just win and you'll have the lot." The accounts indicate a fairly straight-forward battle a


Which two A roads now follow the vast majority of the old Watling Street, running from Dover to Wroxeter?

Roman Sites and Roman Remains in Britain Aldborough Roman Site, Yorkshire Urban Centre Once the capital of a Romanised tribe of native Britons, visitors today can still see two beautiful Roman mosaics as well as the remains of the town wall and a museum exploring the history of the town.   Ambleside Roman Fort, Cumbria Roman Fort Dating back to the reign of the Emperor Hadrian, this fort was originally built for two purposes; to protect the Ravenglass to Brougham Roman Road as well as acting as a supply base for Hadrian's Wall to the north.   Aesica Roman Fort Hadrian's Wall Fort Excavated in the late 19th century, Aesica is the ninth fort on Hadrian's Wall. A Roman bathhouse has also been discovered a short distance south of the fort.   Agricola's Ditch Roman Road / Ditch This enormous earthwork follows the route of Hadrian's Wall from coast to coast, although its purpose has long been argued. It is now thought that Agricola's Ditch (also known as the Vallum) was built as a boundary for the militarised zone around Hadrian's Wall, i.e. so that the local civilians would keep their distance!   Arbeia Roman Fort, Northumberland Hadrian's Wall Fort Once a maritime supply fort for Hadrian's Wall, today Arbeias barracks and gatehouse have been reconstructed and a museum set up to showcase the history of the site.   Ardotalia, Derbyshire Roman Fort This unexcavated fort could have once housed up to 1000 troops and until the late 18th century, the stone remains could still be seen. Unfortunately the remains of the fort now lie underground although it is still possible to make out the ramparts.   Beckfoot (Bibra) Fort, Cumbria Roman Villa Although the mighty Hadrian's Wall stood as the main defensive feature protecting the northern extent of the Roman Empire in Britain, the coastline close to the Scottish border was still exposed to attack. To plug this gap in their defences, the Romans built a series of milefortlets extending down the Cumbrian coast from Hadrian's Wall, linked by a road rather than a wall. Although many of these defences have now been lost, one of the major forts was located at Beckfort. Now just a series of crop marks, the fort was manned by the Romans until around AD 407 and was once home to the Cohors II Pannoniorum, a 500-strong infantry unit from the province of Pannonia, now a region of the Czech Republic. Excavated in 1879, evidence of a civilian settlement, or vicus, was also uncovered.   Bignor Roman Villa, Sussex Roman Villa Boasting some of the most complete Roman mosaics in the country, Bignor Roman Villa was discovered in 1811 by a local farmer and has been a popular visitor attraction ever since. The villa dates from around 200AD and was demolished or burnt down around 200 years later.   Birdoswald Roman Fort, Cumbria Hadrian's Wall Fort This well preserved fort on Hadrian's Wall was built around 110AD and included barracks, granaries, officers mess and even an exercise building (i.e. a Roman gym). There is also a visitor centre which includes displays and artifacts from the fort, and rumour has it that the tea rooms here are also very good!   Binchester Roman Fort, County Durham Roman Fort This large Roman fort was established around AD80 as a defensive measure for the newly built Dere Street. There is still a wonderfully preserved stretch of Roman road at the site, as well as remains of a bath house with underfloor heating.   Brading Roman Villa, Isle of Wight Roman Villa This large Roman villa and courtyard was built in the 1st century AD and despite frequent Anglo-Saxon raids and the occasional fire, remained in use until the 4th century AD. Today all of the 12 ground floor rooms can still be seen, including a fabulous mosaic in the main entertaining room.   Bremenium, Northumberland Roman Fort Bremenium was once an extremely well defended Dere Street fort complete with artillery defences. Remains of catapult emplacements have been found, once used by the Romans to fire boulders at marauders coming down Dere Street from the north.   Bremetennacum, Lancashire Roman Baths This cavalry fort actual