According to a 16th-century law, what colour must all Venetian gondolas be painted ?

Gondola facts - 10 interesting facts about Venetian gondolas Search 10 Interesting Gondola Facts Gondola facts – 8 types of wood and 280 component pieces are used to make one gondola. This is one of the interesting facts about the emblem of Venice. Etymology There are many theories concerning the origin of the word ‘gondola’, but is has never been satisfactorily established. According to the Italian dictionary lo Zingarelli the word ‘gondola’ may derive from the Greek ‘kondoura’ meaning ’small boat’. First Gondolas The gondola is a flat-bottomed rowing boat especially adapted to conditions in the Venetian lagoon. The earliest recorded use of gondolas in Venice dates back to the 11th century. Identical Design Modern gondolas are handmade but highly uniform. They all weigh 700kg, have 280 component pieces and use eight types of wood – ie. oak, elm, lime, larch, fir, cherry, walnut, and mahogany. Manoeuvring All gondolas have an oar or ‘rèmo’  (made from beech) and a walnut ‘forcola’ or rowlock. The oar and the forcola are designed to allow eight distinct manoeuvres such as slow forward rowing, powerful forward rowing, turning, slowing down, rowing backwards, and stopping. In addition each forcola is carved to suit individual gondoliers. Colouring In previous centuries gondolas could be many different colours, but a law from the 16th century requires gondolas to be painted black. The law stopped a competition for the most flamboyant colours and ornamentation among the nobility.  As a result gondola exteriors have just three flourishes – a curly tail, a pair of seahorses and a multi-pronged prow. The Purpose of the Prow The prow is known as the ‘ferro’ (iron), but it can be made from brass, stainless steel, or aluminium. The ferro serves several purposes. It prevents the boat from damage if the gondola collides with other boats or bulwarks, and it serves as a counterweight for the gondolier. It also has ornamental value with the six prongs that may represent the six administrative districts in Venice. The Boatyards The modern banana-shaped gondola is credited to the 19th century boat-builder Tramontin , whose heirs still run the Tramontin boatyard (Some guided tours include a visit). The constructional development of the gondola continued until the mid-20th century, when the city government prohibited further modifications. Not an Even Keel All gondolas are slightly lopsided and bow out on the left. This asymmetry causes the gondola to resist the tendency to turn toward the left at the forward stroke and compensates for the weight of the gondolier, who stands in the stern and rows only on the right side. Gondolas with Cabins In old films and photographs gondolas are often fitted with a small cabin. Its windows could be closed with louvered shutters—the original ‘venetian blinds’. Later the ‘felze’ was replaced by a ‘tendalin’ summer awning, but they too were given up in the mid-1950s. How to Become a Gondolier There are just over four hundred gondolas in active service today, virtually all of them used for hire by tourists. In order to become a professional gondolier you need to obtains a license from the guild. Licenses are only granted after periods of training and apprenticeship, and an exam which tests knowledge of Venetian history and landmarks, foreign language skills, and practical skills in manoeuvring the gondola through narrow canals. More on Venice


Which is the only creature that is capable of turning its stomach inside out ?

Why does a starfish turn its stomach inside out? | Reference.com Why does a starfish turn its stomach inside out? A: Quick Answer A starfish turns its stomach inside out in order to consume food that is too large to fit through its small mouth opening. By wrapping its stomach around an object or inserting it into a shell, a starfish externally digests its food, producing a slurry that it pulls into its body as it withdraws its stomach. The food then passes into its pyloric stomach, which always remains inside its body. Full Answer Starfish possess two stomachs: the cardiac stomach and the pyloric stomach. The cardiac stomach is expelled in order to digest large food items. The digestive process finishes in the pyloric stomach. Starfish have ravenous appetites, their size and maturity dependent not on their age but on their diet. A starfish feeds on mussels, clams, oysters and other bivalves, fastening a few suckers to the shell of its prey and then exerting a long, slow, continuous pull to force open the shell. Large starfish have even been witnessed eating small fish. Some starfish supplement their diets with coral and with algae or food particles in the water. The starfish's unique ability to retract its stomach once ejected has been linked to a particular neuropeptide. Neuropeptides are molecules that the neurons of the brain use to communicate with each other. Interestingly, this particular neuropeptide is evolutionarily linked to the human neuropeptide that is responsible for regulating arousal and anxiety.


Achieving fame in the late 19th century , who was the first actor to be knighted?

Introduction to Theatre -- Romanticism Romantic       Theatre Practice The Age of Independence The Rise of the middle class was occurring     ï¿½ trading and manufacturing joined agriculture as major sources of wealth.     Concentration of people in towns and cities increased. Between 1750 and 1800, Romanticism took hold,     and flourished between 1789 and 1843 in Europe. The American Revolution (1770) and the French     Revolution (1791) further asserted that men had freedom to act on their     own consciences. Often called the Age of Independence. Going along with this was the view that Nature     was something to honor. God had created nature, and we must know as much     about it as possible. Nature is Truth. {Top of     Page} Romantic Plays, old and new, tended     to appeal to emotions rather than intellect. Special effects therefore focused on the     supernatural and the mysterious ï¿½ visual over verbal, sensational rather than intellectual.. Aristocrats tended to go to the opera and     ballet, and more middle-class now went to the theatre. In Germany: Sturm und drang ï¿½ "Storm and Stress" Romanticismï¿½s sub-category in Germany was sturm und drang. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe [Guurrï¿½-tuh)     (1749-1832) ï¿½ his plays characterized by sprawling action, long and arduous. Faust  parts I and II, 1801 and 1831) is now accepted     more as a closet drama, a literary work, rather than one to be presented     on stage. Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805)     ï¿½ William Tell  (1804) ï¿½ a stirring celebration of     democracy, individualism, and nationalism. In France ï¿½ Victor Hugoï¿½s Hernani  (1830) -- caused a riot. Should long-accepted Romantic     ideals be allowed in Franceï¿½s National Theatre? Remember, the French Academy     had determined that all French plays would be neoclassical in form!! It contained elevated language, noble characters,     and the five-act form, and was thus Neoclassical; However, it also had common people as some     important characters, struggles with a ruler, violence and death, and     humor -- and was thus NOT neoclassical. Eventually, Romanticism won out, even in     France, but not without a struggle. Actors During the Romantic Period: The Kembles ï¿½ dominated English     theatre till 1815: John Phillip Kemble (1757-1823),     and Mrs. Sarah Siddons, his sister (1755-1831) ï¿½ their acting was     idealized ï¿½ with grace, dignity, a "classical style.: Edmund Kean (1787-1833)     ï¿½ considered to have "perfected" the romantic style. Usually     played villainous roles ï¿½ sacrificed dignity for emotion. William Charles Macready (17930-1873)     ï¿½ a compromise between the Kembles and Kean ï¿½ careful rehearsals, detailed     characterizations. He popularized historical accuracy in settings and     costumes. Tyrone Power (1785-1844) ï¿½ did     comic Irish portrayals. ï¿½ a comic actor. Henry Irving (1838-1905) ï¿½ the     first English actor to be knighted; worked with Ellen Terry (1847-1928) Synthesized trends in complexity and     realism in staging (concealing set changes, for instance). Was     also a manager, as were most famous actors at that time. In France: Sarah Bernhardt (1845-1923) -- specialized in "breeches roles" (women playing men) Edwin Booth (1833-1893)     ï¿½ brother of John Wilkes Booth ï¿½ famous for interpretations     of Shakespearean roles. Romantic Theatre Practice: Audience size increased even more. As seeing becomes more important than hearing     (remember, the sound was so important before, and detailed, realistic     sets were not the norm), the orchestra seats (which had up till then been     the cheap seats) became more valuable. The upper galleries ï¿½ the "gods" ï¿½ were the cheapest. Audiences, especially those in the gods,     were loud and vocal. Scenery included drops, flats, ground rows     (cutaway flats standing free on the st


The famous tree inside the boundary at Canterbury cricket ground was blown down in a gale in 2005. What kind of tree was it ?

Wisden - The end of the lime WISDEN 2005 home The end of the lime In the early hours of January 8, 2005, there were widespread storms across Britain, and summer afternoons at Canterbury felt very distant. But at some time in the darkness, Kent's most regular and durable spectator suddenly gave way. The cause of death was technically the howling gale and ganoderma, a heartwood fungus. In truth, it was just old age. No one was about on such a night, and it was dawn before the body was discovered. "To be honest I'd been out in the middle sweeping the square for about 20 minutes when I looked up and thought `Something's missing,'" said the head groundsman, Mike Grantham. It was the lime tree, which had stood guard on the Old Dover Road boundary - at wide mid-wicket or deep backward point - ever since Kent first used the St Lawrence ground in 1847. It was already semi-mature then. It grew in stature, girth and reputation to become the most famous tree in cricket, matched only by Parr's elm at Trent Bridge, which was blown down in 1976. But Parr's Tree was behind the stands. The St Lawrence lime was inside the boundary, and the Laws of Cricket had to be adapted to allow for it. Sir Charles Igglesden in 66 Years' Memories of Kent Cricket (1947) refers to an incident in which a Hampshire batsman was caught off the tree. "Was the batsman out? He was given out as the tree was not the boundary. You can imagine the annoyance of the visiting team and the heated annoyance around the ground." This episode apparently led to the local rule that hitting the tree is neither six nor out, but four. David Robertson, the Kent archivist, assumes this must have been before 1910, when the vague law regarding boundaries began to be tidied up. Robertson's records suggest only three men have ever cleared the tree in first-class cricket: Sir Learie Constantine, playing for the West Indians in 1928, Jim Smith of Middlesex in 1939 and Carl Hooper, on his Kent debut in 1992. But in his book Hit for Six, the historian Gerald Brodribb tells the story of the renowned big-hitter, Colonel A. C. "Jacko" Watson of Sussex, who in 1925 reportedly drove "Tich" Freeman over the lime tree. It then bounced off the inside of a catering van and into the bushes, where it was found next winter with bits of china embedded in it. The fall of the lime was a shock but not a surprise. Kent were aware the tree was ailing; they were also aware of "public liability issues" - what if it fell on the crowd in the middle of a one-day international? - and in 1999 E. W. Swanton planted a sapling close by, ready for this moment. That is now 15ft tall, and Kent were planning to shift it on to the field before the season to replace the fallen sentinel. The old tree is being cut up to provide souvenirs. Some believe it a mistake to replace the old tree. The new lime could be damaged by a full-blooded shot; and, whereas everyone knew the old tree was there, a young one might not be obvious to a fielder, who could end up damaged himself. Others think the legend should be left alone, and that it won't be the same with the new tree. It won't, not for many decades. © Cricinfo


A type of foodstuff, what can be either blanket or honeycomb ?

Tripe: Animal Stomachs as Food. Types, Tips and History. Tripe Tripe Tripe is the mysterious white, spongy stuff on grocery stores meat counters. It is animal stomach from a cow, a pig or a sheep. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) essentially only recognizes two types of tripe in its "Institutional Meat Purchase Specifications" (1993): honeycomb and other. Item No. 726 - Beef Tripe, Scalded, Bleached (Denuded) - The paunch with or without the "honeycomb" reticulum shall be scalded and washed absolutely free of any foreign material and bleached with an FSIS approved bleaching solution. The color may range from white to a light pale yellow. The dark internal lining shall be removed. Item No. 727 - Beef Tripe, Honeycomb, Bleached - The "honeycomb" reticulum shall be removed from the paunch by cutting along the seam connecting the two sections of the stomach. The dark internal lining shall be removed and the tripe shall be scalded and bleached to a creamy white color. It is far more popular outside the English speaking world than it is within it, and so, outside the English-speaking world, in other languages, far more distinctions are made. The English-speaking world generally doesn't distinguish different tripes, aside from recognizing that the fourth stomach of the cow is important because rennet from cheese is extracted from it. Special food-grade oxygen-based bleaches, approved by government meat inspection processes, are use to make tripe white, and to deodorize it. After bleaching, the meat is rinsed thoroughly with water. In England, tripe sold is blander than it is in France because it has been blanched and bleached first before sale. "Green Tripe" in English-speaking markets means tripe that has not been blanched and bleached. Green Tripe smells strongly of shit, even when cooked and placed alluringly on your plate. The scent wafts up in your face. Beef Tripe In the English-speaking world, Beef Tripe can come from the first three of the animal's four stomachs. (In the southern US, tripe is just as likely to be from a hog.) Europeans distinguish between four different types of beef tripe, and use all four. Plain (aka smooth, blanket, flat) Tripe. Called "gras double" in French. Comes from the first stomach (called the "rumen" in English, "panse" in French.) This is considered the least desirable tripe amongst tripe fans. Thickness will vary. May have a layer of fat attached that needs to be removed; Honeycomb Tripe (called "réseau" or "Le bonnet" in French) comes from the lower part of the second stomach (called the "reticulum" in English.) Honeycomb is the most tender and the meatiest, and holds it shape during cooking. The honeycomb texture helps sauces to adhere to it. Pocket Tripe also comes from the second stomach; Book (aka bible, leaf, "Le feuillet" in French) Tripe comes from the third stomach (called the "omasum" in English.) The desirability is considered midway between the smooth and honeycomb tripe; Reed Tripe. Called "caillette" or "franche-mule" in French, "Cuajo " in Spanish, "lampredotto " or "abomaso" in Italian. Also "fisarmonica" in Florentine. Comes from the fourth stomach, called the "abomasum" in English. This is the stomach that rennet is obtained from in calves (thus, the French word for curd, "caille.") Each whole piece of lampredotto will weigh between 1 1/2 to 2 1/4 pounds (700g to 1 kg.) In Florence, Italy, they even distinguish 2 separate parts of the fourth stomach: the "spannocchia", which is denser, smoother, fattier, stronger tasting; the "gala", milder taste, darker colour, rippled. Tripe is sold as fast food from mobile food stalls called "tripperie" in Florence, Italy, at the Mercato Centrale. They sell you it in little plastic dishes with little plastic forks, or on a bread roll. In Italy, it was the custom to have tripe on Saturday -- "Giovedì gnocchi e Sabato trippa" ("Thursday gnocchi and Saturday Tripe.") Even though tripe is eaten in Europe, by no means was it considered refined food or a delicacy -- it was mostly country people who ate it. Cooking Tips When


Films. At which educational establishment, in the 1950s and 1960s was there blue murder , pure hell and a train robbery ?

The ST. TRINIAN'S Films (1954-1960) THE ST. TRINIAN'S FILMS  (1954-1980) Commentary by Judy Harris Visit my homepage at http://www.bestweb.net/~foosie/index.htm or e-mail me at   foosie@bestweb.net I never saw any of the St. Trinian films in theatres near the time of their release.  I was 7 years old when the first film, BELLES OF ST. TRINIAN'S, was initially released.  However, I was lucky enough to see the first three films on TV when I was a child.  I had always liked and admired British accents and British eccentrics, at least the type that appear in films.  Although ultimately 5 films were made, I consider the first three classics; I saw the fourth on video many years after it was released and didn't think much of it (I've recently tracked it down again and my low opinion is confirmed), and finally, in 2001, was able to see the fifth one, which makes the fourth look like a masterpiece by comparison. The films were inspired by the illustrations of Ronald Searle , who created the cartoons to amuse his friend Cecile Johnston who attended St. Trinnean's School in Edinburgh.  Before being  compiled in book form, these cartoons were published approximately one a month from 1941 through 1953, when Searle announced their demise in SOULS IN TORMENT.  The humor of these books is so universal that 50 years after their creation, they are still much sought-after collectors items.  All of these comedies were: produced by Frank Launder and Sidney Gilliat directed by Frank Launder Prefect Shirley Burniston In a pre-opening sequence, we see being riddled with bullets a sign, hand lettered St. Trinian's School for Young Girls. The opening credit sequence is drawn by Ronald Searle and includes a wonderful caricature of Alastair Sim in his dual role as Millicent Fritton, headmistress of St. Trinian's and her ne'er-do-well bookmaker brother, Clarence. The plot is introduced early when the Sultan of Makyad sends for the governess of his children to ask for her recommendation of where to "finish" his eldest daughter, Fatima and, coincidentally, get her away from the nearby American airbase.  The governess recommends a school run by an old schoolmate, St. Trinian's.  By a happy coincidence, the school is in Barchester where the Sultan keeps his race horses, so he agrees.  Roger Delgado, the first Master on DOCTOR WHO, plays an employee of the Sultan who drops Princess Fatima off at the train station. It is here we get our first inkling of what the school body of St. Trinian is like.  We hear in the background a constant din of girlish shouts, and observe the fate of a railway employee who, in an early example of a St. Trin's prank, is tied to a luggage cart and hauled away. As the train pulls into Little Twinings, the railroad employees run for cover.  The fire alarm goes off, alerting the shopkeepers to board up their shops and restaurants; hens rush back to their coop; the bank padlocks its doors; a policeman locks himself in his cell.  Superintendent Kemp-Bird (Sammy to his long-time girlfriend, policewoman Ruby Gates) helps himself to a stiff drink. As the bus pulls into the grounds, we get our first look at the Belles of the title.  Wardrobe mistress Bridget Sellers has done a wonderful job of outfitting them to look exactly like the Searle illustrations.  The girls all wear hats with wide striped hatbands.    The older girls wear theirs with the brims down; the younger girls with the brims up.  All the girls wear a uniform with a large "T" emblem over their hearts.  The hemlines for the older girls are quite short, making the uniforms into early minidresses.  The younger girls seem to have an enormous amount of unruly hair. The girls emerge from the bus, some of them climbing out of the window, brandishing hockey sticks and tennis rackets; the stressed driver has been de-pantsed. Clarence Fritton, brother to the headmistress, drives up with his teenaged daughter, the cigarette-smoking Arabella.  Clarence is dressed in a checked suit as befits his calling as a bookmaker.  As they enter the school, they pass a teacher, Miss Waters, re


Which is the largest mammal to build a nest ?

Largest mammal to build a nest | Guinness World Records Largest mammal to build a nest Share When 2004 The largest mammal to construct a nest is the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) of Africa, where adult males measure between 1.7-1.8 m (5 ft 6 in - 6 ft) tall and weigh 136-227 kg (300-500 lb). Everyday, the gorillas each create a new ground nest from the surrounding vegetation. The nests are circular and typically measure 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter. Some of the lighter members of the gorilla troop actually build the nests up in the trees where branches fork. Each gorilla makes his or her own separate one, although infant gorillas share with their mothers. Often gorillas make a nest during the day for resting in, which will be different from the one they sleep in at night. Each nest is only used once. The largest subspecies is the mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei) of Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, of which the males are known as 'silverbacks'. Pic: Alamy All records listed on our website are current and up-to-date. For a full list of record titles, please use our Record Application Search. (You will be need to register / login for access)


Which children's comic was named after the son of Andy Capp ?

Andy Capp (Comic Strip) - TV Tropes — Homer Simpson Andy Capp is a British comic strip set in Hartlepool , created by Reg Smythe in 1957 for the London Daily Mirror. It also was syndicated in the United States by Creators Syndicate, starting in 1963. In its early days, the Andy Capp strip was accused of perpetuating stereotypes about Britain's Northerners , who are seen in other parts of England as chronically unemployed, dividing their time between the living room couch and the neighborhood pub, with a few hours set aside for fistfights at soccer games. Even his name is a perfect phonetic rendition of that region's pronunciation of the word "handicap" (which the cartoonist chose because a handicap is exactly what Andy is to his hard-working wife, Flo). But Smythe, himself a native of that region, had nothing but affection for his good-for-nothing protagonist, a fact which showed in his work. Since the very beginning, Andy has been immensely popular among the people he supposedly skewers. (Maybe the comic should be criticised for glorifying such negative behavior instead.) By the way, Smythe claimed he modeled his main characters after his own parents. But it seems unlikely that his father, who built boats for a living, could possibly have been very much like Andy, or his family would have starved. It's also been suggested that Andy Capp owes something to Ally Sloper, Britain's first successful comics character, also a lovable lowlife. The first British paperback reprints of the strip appeared in 1958, and American reprints started in the early 1960s. In both countries, the volumes now number in the dozens. Andy has also been the star of a minor TV series; its six episodes featured James Bolam in the title role and Paula Tilbrook as Flo, and were aired by ITV in 1988. It's arguable that the series died a death because it was trying to be a three-dimensional comic strip rather than a conventional Sitcom . The strip even had a spin-off of sorts in 1960, Fleetway Publications, which was owned by The Mirror, launched a successful comic book titled Buster , whose main character was supposedly Andy Capp's son (though this family connection was never mentioned in the strip itself and was later forgotten in the comic book as well). Andy was even animated once, when he crossed over with Family Guy in the episode "And the Wiener Is...", which first aired on August 8, 2001. Reg Smythe wrote and drew Andy Capp, both daily and Sunday, until his death in 1998. Since then, the strip has been continued by unnamed successors, though for years, Smythe's signature remained affixed to it. Since November 2004, it's been signed by Roger Mahoney and Roger Kettle. It now appears in over 1,400 newspapers worldwide ï¿½ not quite in the range of top strips like Peanuts , Blondie , Hï¿½gar the Horrible and Garfield , but well ahead of B.C. , Dennis the Menace (US) , FoxTrot and other very successful comics. And it's translated into 13 different languages, proving that Andy's appeal goes far beyond the minor regional stereotype he supposedly represents. He is also the mascot for a line of snack foods. Tropes present:


Which character in the Old Testament killed one quarter of the world's population ?

The Flood of Noah   FROM ADAM TO NOAH The biblical record of life on earth before the flood, from Adam to Noah, is only briefly sketched in Genesis Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7. The years before the Flood and the flood itself occupy Chapters 8 and 9, and Chapters 10 and 11 ("The Table of Nations") show the early repopulating of the earth by the three sons of Noah and their descendants from the Fertile Crescent area to the four corners of the earth. Adam and Eve left the garden before bearing children. Their third son, Seth, was born when Adam was 130 years old (5:3). The available evidence suggests that Adam and Eve were not in the garden long before the fall occurred, perhaps it was only months or a few years, but possibly could have been as long as a hundred years. It is interesting that after the fall quite a few of the Antediluvians bore their first children around the age of 100 according to the Genesis record. The bearing of children would have been a normal part of Adam and Eve's relationship before the fall since they were commanded to be fruitful and to multiply, however the fact is they had no children before the fall while they were still in the Garden located "to the East, in Eden." The fall of man and its consequences occupy the pivotal and packed Third Chapter of Genesis and these matters are discussed in separate articles. See: The Relationship between Sin and  Death in Genesis, by James Stambaugh Eve (called in Chapter 3 "the mother of all living") expected that her first-born son would be the promised messiah, hence her remark when Cain was born---the name Cain means "gotten." Abel, her second son, was given a name which means "breath" or "vanity." Perhaps Abel was weak and sickly, or perhaps she foresaw that his life would some how be in vain and wasted. Early man not only engaged in farming but also in animal husbandry. Cain and Abel each had lines of work that were legitimate enterprises, and the sacrifices of either son (whether farm produce or animals) would have been acceptable to God had their individual motives been right. Abel had a heart open to the Lord and understood that true worship is based on gratitude to God rather than attempted merit by human efforts or works. Cain's problem was a wrong motive rather than the wrong type of offering. The first murder gives us further evidence that the fall of Adam and Eve ("original sin")---from the innocence of the garden---was a fall into total depravity and lostness. Cain did not have to be taught how to sin. Evil sprang from the well-springs of his heart spontaneously. Several thousand years later Jesus Christ taught, "What comes out of a man is what defiles a man. For from  within, out of the heart of man, come evil thoughts, fornication,  theft, murder, adultery, coveting, wickedness, deceit, licentiousness,  envy, slander, pride, foolishness. All these evil things come  from within, and they defile a man." (Mark 7:20-23) When the murder of Abel came to light, Cain despaired his chances of surviving the vengeance of other family members who would surely seek his life when his murder of his brother became public knowledge. Rather than bringing immediate justice to Cain, judgment upon him was delayed by God's longsuffering mercy. Cain was given a pledge by God, a guarantee of God's protection. God encouraged Cain to seek the Lord and thus learn to overcome the evil which controlled him. Sadly, there is no record of Cain (or any of his family or any of descendants) availing themselves of God's grace and mercy. None of these descendants accepted God's offer of regeneration and restoration over the next 1600 years until the Flood of Noah, as far as we know. The New Testament says this about Cain and Abel: "By faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice  than Cain, through which he received approval as righteous, God  bearing witness by accepting his gifts; he died, but through  his faith he is still speaking." (Heb. 11:4 ); "...[be] not like Cain who was of the evil one and murdered  his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his own


Which scientist became Master of the Royal Mint in 1699 ?

Sir Isaac Newton, Master of the Royal Mint (1699-1727) | The Old Currency Exchange is a specialist dealer and valuer of coins, tokens and banknotes The Old Currency Exchange is a specialist dealer and valuer of coins, tokens and banknotes The best-stocked coin and banknote shop in Ireland. We buy and sell old collections, attic accumulations and house-clearances. Exchange your old coins and banknotes for euro Menu The Old Currency Exchange / November 28, 2015 Introduction: Sir Isaac Newton is, perhaps, best known as an English physicist and mathematician who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution.   Isaac Newton: Portrait of man in black with shoulder-length, wavy brown hair, a large sharp nose, and a distracted gaze (Godfrey Kneller, 1689) His book “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”, first published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics Newton made seminal contributions to optics He shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus Newton’s Principia formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated scientists’ view of the physical universe for the next three centuries By deriving Kepler’s laws of planetary motion from his mathematical description of gravity, and then using the same principles to account for the trajectories of comets, the tides, the precession of the equinoxes, and other phenomena, Newton removed the last doubts about the validity of the heliocentric model of the Solar System His work also demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies could be described by the same principles His prediction that Earth should be shaped as an oblate spheroid was later vindicated by the measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, which helped convince most Continental European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over the earlier system of Descartes Isaac Newton predicted the world would end in 2060 ! Among his less well known attributes and feats is the fact that he was a devout but unorthodox Christian and, unusually for a member of the Cambridge faculty of the day, he refused to take holy orders in the Church of England, perhaps because he privately rejected the doctrine of the Trinity – Newton may have been, in principle, a Unitarian ! During that time, any Fellow of a college at Cambridge or Oxford was required to take holy orders and become an ordained Anglican priest However, the terms of the Lucasian professorship required that the holder not be active in the church (presumably to devote more time to science) Newton successfully argued that this should exempt him from the ordination requirement, and Charles II, whose permission was needed, accepted this proposal – thus, at the age of 27, he became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in Cambridge  (a post now held by Stephen Hawking) Thus a conflict between Newton’s secretly held religious views and Anglican orthodoxy was averted Charles II, it should be remembered, may have secretly been a Catholic, and he publicly converted to Catholicism on his death bed Chales II’s brother, and successor, James II publicly declared his conversion in 1675 and when he became king, his Catholicism triggered the Glorious Revolution and, in turn, the Williamite Wars – so Newton was clever enough to avoid publicity Historian Stephen D. Snobelen describes Newton as “a heretic” Snobelen concludes that Newton was “at least a Socinian sympathiser (he owned and had thoroughly read at least eight Socinian books), possibly an Arian and almost certainly an anti-trinitarian” Beyond his work on the mathematical sciences, Newton dedicated much of his time to the study of biblical chronology and alchemy, but most of his work in those areas remained unpublished until long after his death Newton was also an MP for Cambridge University in 1689–90 and 1701–2 According to some accounts, his only comments were to complain about “a cold draught in the chamber and request that the window be closed”


This word was on all decimal coins when they were introduced in 1971, and was removed from all decimal coins in 1982. What word ?

Coins of the UK About the Author. Introduction This is a series of pages dealing with the history of individual denominations used in England since the Norman Conquest or, in the case of the penny, a little earlier. Every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information provided, and extensive research has been carried out to this end. However, I will not and cannot accept liability for the consequences of any decisions made by readers of this site. Please note that the copyright on these web pages remains with the author. Please do not post copies of pages found on this web site elsewhere on the web without specific authorisation from the author, as the frequent updates would render the copies obsolete very quickly. However, please feel free to post links to the site if you think it is appropriate. If you wish to download these web pages for personal use only, you are welcome to do so. If you later want to update them, check with the version numbers in the main index on this page as given below (e.g. v12). The dates of the latest version are given in UK format (dd/mm/yy). Site Organisation This site is www.coins-of-the-uk.co.uk, having recently been transferred from the old site at www.tclayton.demon.co.uk. It was not intended to move the site, but restrictions imposed by Demon have forced me to move it elsewhere, as had already happened with the pictures pages on what is now a redundant site - www.ukcoinpics.co.uk. The two sites are now merged back together again. There are three main sets of pages dealing with the coins of the United Kingdom. The History Pages which detail the history of the individual denominations used since before the Norman Conquest. The Main Index for these is on this page. There are links to the relevant Values and Pictures pages on each of the History Pages. With hammered gold coins (such as the Angel) the changes of value over time do create a problem; they are referred to under each value that they had, with links taking you from one value to the next. The Decimal Coins pages detail the history of the change to decimal coinage in 1971, and the coins issued since that time, and are now integrated into the main History Pages section. The Values Pages, which detail the values of individual coins in a range of condition grades since the introduction of Milled coins during the Commonwealth. There is a Values Index Page on http://www.coins-of-the-uk.co.uk/values which will help you find the value of your coins.  There are links to the relevant History and Pictures pages on each of the Values pages. The Pictures Pages. These were hosted on my alternative site at http://www.ukcoinpics.co.uk, although that site has been mothballed, and has been merged back onto this site . Pictures are confined to the pages in the picture section as the rest of the site is designed to be read easily and rapidly by readers using any type of software and communication link, without expecting that the viewer has the very latest software. However, links to many images can be found on the History pages. There are links to the relevant History and Values pages on each of the Pictures pages. Enquiries Before mailing the author to ask about the value of your coins, first try to judge their condition using the Grading Information below, and then look up your coins on the Values of UK Coins pages. This may answer your question without adding to the several messages per day that the author receives on the subject. If you wish to ask for advice, please try to look through this site first, but if you cannot find the information you want feel free to contact the author via the Advice page . Ensure that your Reply-To address is correct, as I delete all messages immediately after replying. I do answer all non-spam e-mails received, so if you do not get a reply within a couple of weeks, try again. If the information is readily available on the site, I will refer you to the appropriate page in the hope that this will assist you to find further similar information yourself. If there is a problem with any aspect


Who became prima ballerina at the Maryinsky Theatre in 1906 ?

Anna Pavlova | Russian ballerina | Britannica.com Russian ballerina Alternative Title: Anna Pavlovna Pavlova Anna Pavlova Anna Pavlova, in full Anna Pavlovna Pavlova (born January 31 [February 12, New Style], 1881, St. Petersburg , Russia—died January 23, 1931, The Hague, Netherlands ), Russian ballerina, the most-celebrated dancer of her time. Anna Pavlova. Culver Pictures Pavlova studied at the Imperial School of Ballet at the Mariinsky Theatre from 1891, joined the Imperial Ballet in 1899, and became a prima ballerina in 1906. In 1909 she went to Paris on the historic tour of the Ballets Russes. After 1913 she danced independently with her own company throughout the world. The place and time of Pavlova’s birth could hardly have been better for a child with an innate talent for dancing. Tsarist Russia maintained magnificent imperial schools for the performing arts. Entry was by examination, and, although Pavlova’s mother was poor—Anna’s father had died when she was two years old—the child was accepted for training at the Imperial School of Ballet at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg in 1891. Following ballet tradition, Pavlova learned her art from teachers who were themselves great dancers. She graduated to the Imperial Ballet in 1899 and rose steadily through the grades to become prima ballerina in 1906. By this time she had already danced Giselle with considerable success. Almost immediately, in 1907, the pattern of her life began to emerge. That year, with a few other dancers, she went on a European tour to Riga, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Berlin, and Prague. She was acclaimed, and another tour took place in 1908. In 1909 the impresario Serge Diaghilev staged a historic season of Russian ballet in Paris, and Pavlova appeared briefly with the company there and later in London . But her experience of touring with a small group had given her a taste for independence, and she never became part of Diaghilev’s closely knit Ballets Russes . Her destiny was not, as was theirs, to innovate but simply to show the beauties of classical ballet throughout the world. While she was still taking leave from the Mariinsky Theatre, she danced in New York City and London in 1910 with Mikhail Mordkin. Once she left the Imperial Ballet in 1913, her frontiers were extended. For the rest of her life, with various partners (including Laurent Novikov and Pierre Vladimirov) and companies, she was a wandering missionary for her art, giving a vast number of people their introduction to ballet. Whatever the limitations of the rest of the company, which inevitably was largely a well-trained, dedicated band of young disciples , Pavlova’s own performances left those who watched them with a lasting memory of disciplined grace, poetic movement, and incarnate magic. Her quality was, above all, the powerful and elusive one of true glamour. Anna Pavlova’s toe shoes (before 1917). The Newberry Library, Gift of Ann Barzel, 1982/2006 (A Britannica Publishing Partner) Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent Pavlova’s independent tours, which began in 1914, took her to remote parts of the world. These tours were managed by her husband, Victor Dandré. The repertoire of Anna Pavlova’s company was in large part conventional. They danced excerpts or adaptations of Mariinsky successes such as Don Quixote, La Fille mal gardée (“The Girl Poorly Managed”), The Fairy Doll, or Giselle , of which she was an outstanding interpreter. The most famous numbers, however, were the succession of ephemeral solos, which were endowed by her with an inimitable enchantment: The Dragonfly, Californian Poppy, Gavotte, and Christmas are names that lingered in the thoughts of her audiences, together with her single choreographic endeavour, Autumn Leaves (1918). Program featuring Anna Pavlova at Midway Gardens, Chicago, Illinois, U.S., 1915. The Newberry Library, Gift of Ann Barzel, 1982/2005 (A Britannica Publishing Partner) Ballet: Fact or Fiction? Pavlova’s enthusiasm for ethnic dances was reflected in her programs. Polish, Russian, and Mexican dances were performed. Her v


Under the Presidential Act of 1947, who is next in line for the U.S. Presidency after the Vice-President ?

Presidential Succession Act Presidential Succession Act of 1947 (Amended) Cabinet officers have been in the line for presidential succession since 1886. So, whenever the structure of the Cabinet changes, the Presidential Succession Act must be amended to reflect the changes. Since the law was first enacted in 1947, for example, the Secretary of War has been replaced by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Navy and the Postmaster General have been removed from the Cabinet, and six new Cabinet departments have been added. The current law preserves the tradition of ranking the Cabinet departments by the year they were founded. The line of succession is currently: Vice President Secretary of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Homeland Security The 25th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, passed in 1967, provides for procedures to fill vacancies in the Vice Presidency; and further clarifies presidential succession rules. Presidential Succession Act of 1947 (As Amended) US Code as of: 01/23/00 Sec. 19. Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act (a) (1) If, by reason of death, resignation, removal from office, inability, or failure to qualify, there is neither a President nor Vice President to discharge the powers and duties of the office of President, then the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall, upon his resignation as Speaker and as Representative in Congress, act as President. (2) The same rule shall apply in the case of the death, resignation, removal from office, or inability of an individual acting as President under this subsection. (b) If, at the time when under subsection (a) of this section a Speaker is to begin the discharge of the powers and duties of the office of President, there is no Speaker, or the Speaker fails to qualify as Acting President, then the President pro tempore of the Senate shall, upon his resignation as President pro tempore and as Senator, act as President. (c) An individual acting as President under subsection (a) or subsection (b) of this section shall continue to act until the expiration of the then current Presidential term, except that - (1) if his discharge of the powers and duties of the office is founded in whole or in part on the failure of both the President-elect and the Vice-President-elect to qualify, then he shall act only until a President or Vice President qualifies; and (2) if his discharge of the powers and duties of the office is founded in whole or in part on the inability of the President or Vice President, then he shall act only until the removal of the disability of one of such individuals. (d) (1) If, by reason of death, resignation, removal from office, inability, or failure to qualify, there is no President pro tempore to act as President under subsection (b) of this section, then the officer of the United States who is highest on the following list, and who is not under disability to discharge the powers and duties of the office of President shall act as President: Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, Attorney General, Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Commerce, Secretary of Labor, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Secretary of Transportation, Secretary of Energy, Secretary of Education, Secretary of Veterans Affairs. (2) An individual acting as President under this subsection shall continue so to do until the expiration of the then current Presidential term, but not after a qualified and prior-entitled individual is able to act, except that the removal of the disability of an individual higher on the list contained in paragraph (1) of this subsection or the ability to qualify on the part of an individual higher on such list shall not terminate his service. (3) The taking of the oath of office by an individual specified in the list in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be held to constitute his resignation from the office by virtue of the holding of which he qualifies to act as President. (e) Subsec


Cruciverbalists - definition of cruciverbalists by The Free Dictionary Cruciverbalists - definition of cruciverbalists by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cruciverbalists cru·ci·ver·bal·ist  (kro͞o′sə-vûr′bə-lĭst) 1. A constructor of crosswords. 2. An enthusiast of word games, especially of crosswords. [From Latin crux, cruc-, cross + Latin verbum, word (translation of English crossword ).] cruciverbalist [C20: from Latin crux cross + verbum word] cru•ci•ver•bal•ist (ˌkru səˈvɜr bə lɪst) a designer or aficionado of crossword puzzles. [1975–80; < Latin cruci-, s. of crux cross + verbalist ] cruciverbalist Someone who compiles or enjoys completing crossword puzzles. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: crossword References in periodicals archive ? To celebrate the puzzle's centenary, fans - who are known as cruciverbalists - met in the Belvedere pub off Falkner Street, Liverpool, to compile a special centenary Merseyside cryptic crossword which appears below. Both are addictions, but alcholics at least get to go to meetings, while cruciverbalists tend to stay home and suffer in silence. Both of them raise a small irritation for longtime cruciverbalists like me. I half expected the word to be curmudgeon, geezer, skinflint or something of the ilk, but no, it was - get this - cruciverbalist. No. 15 pomegranates: historic, healthy, and yes, a bit messy, this once-underrated fruit is now big business FOR true crossword fans - or cruciverbalists to give them their proper name - little beats the sheer pleasure of filling in that final, difficult clue. The high proportion of graduates in the town may have something to do with it, though by no means all successful cruciverbalists have an academic background. Clue: Something turned to in times of recession as a cheap entertainment, leading to arguments; For crossword fans the fiendishly clever cryptic is a staple part of the day. But their popularity is now growing as we look for cheaper forms of entertainment as a result of the recession. Robin Turner examines our fascination with solving one up and two down 16 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- More than 64 million Americans are cruciverbalists, or "puzzlers," prompting Starbucks , in collaboration with The Discovery Times Channel, to launch an exclusive six-week-long Sunday crossword puzzle series. This unprecedented contest will unite -- while simultaneously challenging -- cruciverbalists to compete in specially developed crossword puzzles by The New York Times Crossword Editor, Will Shortz.


Who was Britain's first Christian martyr ?

Alban, First Martyr of Britain There were probably Christians in the British Isles already in the first century. However, Alban is the first recorded Christian martyr. The traditional date of his death is 304, during the persecution under the Emperor Diocletian; but many scholars now date it as around 209, during the persecution under the Emperor Septimius Severus. Alban was a pagan, and a soldier in the Roman Army. He gave shelter to a Christian priest who was fleeing from arrest, and in the next few days the two talked at length, and Alban became a Christian. When officers came in search of the priest, Alban met them, dressed in the priest's cloak, and they mistook him for the priest and arrested him. He refused to renounce his new faith, and was beheaded. He thus became the first Christian martyr in Britain. The second was the executioner who was to kill him, but who heard his testimony and was so impressed that he became a Christian on the spot, and refused to kill Alban. The third was the priest, who when he learned that Alban had been arrested in his place, hurried to the court in the hope of saving Alban by turning himself in. The place of their deaths is near the site of St. Alban's Cathedral today. PRAYER (traditional language) Almighty God, by whose grace and power thy holy martyr Alban Triumphed over suffering and was faithful even unto death: Grant to us, who now remember him with thanksgiving, to be so faithful in our witness to thee in this world, that we may receive with him the crown of life; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. PRAYER (contemporary language) Almighty God, by whose grace and power your holy martyr Alban Triumphed over suffering and was faithful even unto death: Grant to us, who now remember him with thanksgiving, to be so faithful in our witness to you in this world, that we may receive with him the crown of life; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Psalm 34:1-8 or 31:1-5


What title is given to the wife of an Earl ?

Earl | Define Earl at Dictionary.com earl noun 1. a British nobleman of a rank below that of marquis and above that of viscount: called count for a time after the Norman conquest. The wife of an earl is a countess. 2. (in Anglo-Saxon England) a governor of one of the great divisions of England, including East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, and Wessex. Origin of earl Old English 900 before 900; Middle English erl, Old English eorl; cognate with Old Saxon erl man, Old Norse jarl chieftain Earl a male given name: from the old English word meaning “noble.”. Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for earl Expand Contemporary Examples His wife is the niece of an earl who once worked as a lady-in-waiting to a royal duchess. The Kensington District Geraldine Edith Mitton He could remember clearly now, the earl's explanations of the action of the coronet. Millennium Everett B. Cole The Smuggler's Cave George A. Birmingham He thought of the names he had heard used by the guards of the earl. Millennium Everett B. Cole British Dictionary definitions for earl Expand noun 1. (in the British Isles) a nobleman ranking below a marquess and above a viscount Female equivalent countess 2. (in Anglo-Saxon England) a royal governor of any of the large divisions of the kingdom, such as Wessex Word Origin Old English eorl; related to Old Norse jarl chieftain, Old Saxon erl man Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for earl Expand n. Old English eorl "brave man, warrior, leader, chief" (contrasted with ceorl "churl"), from Proto-Germanic *erlo-z, of uncertain origin. In Anglo-Saxon poetry, "a warrior, a brave man;" in later Old English, "nobleman," especially a Danish under-king (equivalent of cognate Old Norse jarl), then one of the viceroys under the Danish dynasty in England. After 1066 adopted as the equivalent of Latin comes (see count (n.)). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


"Which classic film ends with the line ""Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship"" ?"

Casablanca (1942) - Quotes - IMDb Casablanca (1942) Quotes Showing all 100 items Rick : Of all the gin joints, in all the towns, in all the world, she walks into mine. Major Strasser : What is your nationality? Rick : I'm a drunkard. Captain Renault : That makes Rick a citizen of the world. [all laugh] Yvonne : Where were you last night? Rick : That's so long ago, I don't remember. Yvonne : Will I see you tonight? Rick : I never make plans that far ahead. Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Rick : Last night we said a great many things. You said I was to do the thinking for both of us. Well, I've done a lot of it since then, and it all adds up to one thing: you're getting on that plane with Victor where you belong. Ilsa : But, Richard, no, I... I... Rick : Now, you've got to listen to me! You have any idea what you'd have to look forward to if you stayed here? Nine chances out of ten, we'd both wind up in a concentration camp. Isn't that true, Louie? Captain Renault : I'm afraid Major Strasser would insist. Ilsa : You're saying this only to make me go. Rick : I'm saying it because it's true. Inside of us, we both know you belong with Victor. You're part of his work, the thing that keeps him going. If that plane leaves the ground and you're not with him, you'll regret it. Maybe not today. Maybe not tomorrow, but soon and for the rest of your life. Ilsa : But what about us? Rick : We'll always have Paris. We didn't have, we, we lost it until you came to Casablanca. We got it back last night. Ilsa : When I said I would never leave you. Rick : And you never will. But I've got a job to do, too. Where I'm going, you can't follow. What I've got to do, you can't be any part of. Ilsa, I'm no good at being noble, but it doesn't take much to see that the problems of three little people don't amount to a hill of beans in this crazy world. Someday you'll understand that. [Ilsa lowers her head and begins to cry] [Rick gently places his hand under her chin and raises it so their eyes meet] Rick : Here's looking at you kid. Ilsa : Play it once, Sam. For old times' sake. Sam : [lying] I don't know what you mean, Miss Ilsa. Ilsa : Play it, Sam. Play "As Time Goes By." Sam : [lying] Oh, I can't remember it, Miss Ilsa. I'm a little rusty on it. Ilsa : I'll hum it for you. Da-dy-da-dy-da-dum, da-dy-da-dee-da-dum... [Sam begins playing] Ilsa : Sing it, Sam. Sam : [singing] You must remember this / A kiss is still a kiss / A sigh is just a sigh / The fundamental things apply / As time goes by. / And when two lovers woo, / They still say, "I love you" / On that you can rely / No matter what the future brings-... Rick : [rushing up] Sam, I thought I told you never to play-... [Sees Ilsa. Sam closes the piano and rolls it away] Captain Renault : Ask Mr. Rick. Rick : [sees Strasser begin to move toward the telephone, and draws a gun] Get away from that phone! Major Strasser : I would advise you not to interfere. Rick : I was willing to shoot Captain Renault and I'm willing to shoot you. Major Strasser : [picks up the telephone] Hello? Rick : Put that phone down! Major Strasser : Get me the radio tower. Rick : PUT IT DOWN! [Strasser draws a gun, he and Rick both fire simultaneously, Strasser falls mortally wounded, shortly afterward, some police arrive on the scene] Captain Renault : Major Strasser's been shot. [Renault looks at Rick, Rick gives him a look] Captain Renault : Round up the usual suspects. [the police pick up Major Strasser's body and leave, Renault looks over at Rick, who is smiling] [he pours a drink] Rick : Why did you have to come to Casablanca? There are other places. Ilsa : I wouldn't have come if I'd known that you were here. Believe me Rick, it's true I didn't know... Rick : It's funny about your voice, how it hasn't changed. I can still hear it. "Richard, dear, I'll go with you anyplace. We'll get on a train together and never stop - " Ilsa : Don't, Rick! I can understand how you feel. Rick : [scoffs] You understand how I feel. How long was it we had, honey? Ilsa : [on the verge of tears] I didn't coun


"Which classic film ends with the line "" .... After all, tomorrow is another day.""?"

After all tomorrow is another day - Vivien Leigh - Gone with the Wind - YouTube After all tomorrow is another day - Vivien Leigh - Gone with the Wind Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Aug 13, 2010 "After all tomorrow is another day" - Quote from movie Gone with the wind by Vivien Leigh. For more details visit - http://www.moviequotes.im/gone-with-t... Category


In Greek mythology , who was the god of flocks and herds ?

PAN - Greek God of Shepherds, Hunters & the Wilds (Roman Faunus) Pan All (pan), Rustic Pan, Greco-Roman mosaic from Daphne C2nd-3rd A.D., Hatay Archaeology Museum PAN was the god of shepherds and hunters, and of the meadows and forests of the mountain wilds. His unseen presence aroused panic in those who traversed his realm. Pan idled in the rugged countryside of Arkadia (Arcadia), playing his panpipes and chasing Nymphs . One of these, Pitys , fled his advances and was transformed into a mountain-pine, the god's sacred tree. Another, Syrinx , escaped but was turned into a clump of reeds from which Pan crafted his pipes. And a third, Ekho (Echo) , was cursed to fade away for spurning the god, leaving behind just a voice to repeat his mountain cries. Pan was depicted as a man with the horns, legs and tail of a goat, a thick beard, snub nose and pointed ears. He often appears in scenes of the company of Dionysos . In the classical age the Greeks associated his name with the word pan meaning "all". However its true origin lay in an old Arcadian word for rustic. Pan was closely identified with several other rustic deities including Aristaios (Aristaeus) , the shepherd-god of northern Greece who shared the god's titles of Agreus (Hunter) and Nomios (Shepherd), the pipe-playing Phrygian satyr Marsyas who challenged Apollon to a musical contest, and Aigipan (Aegipan) , the goat-fish god of the constellation Capricorn. Sometimes Pan was multiplied into a host of Panes , or a triad of gods named Agreus , Nomios , and Phorbas. FAMILY OF PAN [1.1] HERMES & DAUGHTER OF DRYOPOS (Homeric Hymn 19 to Pan) [1.2] HERMES & THYMBRIS (Apollodorus 1.22-23, Scholiast ad Theocritus 1.123) [1.3] HERMES & PENELOPE (Herodotus 2.145, Apollodorus E7.38, Hyginus Fabulae 224, Nonnus Dionysiaca 14.67, Servius ad Aeneid 2.43) [1.4] HERMES (Plato Cratylus 408b, Pliny Natural History 7.204) [1.5] HERMES & SOSE (Nonnus Dionysiaca 14.67) [1.6] HERMES & KALLISTO (Scholiast ad Theocritus 1.3) [1.7] HERMES & ORNEIOS (Scholiast ad Theocritus 1.3) OFFSPRING [1.1] THE PANES x12 (Dionysiaca 14.67) [2.1] KROTOS (by Eupheme ) (Eratosthenes, Hyginus Fabulae 224, Hyginus Astr. 2.27) [3.1] AKIS (by Symaithis ) (Ovid Metamorphoses 13.750) [4.1] EURYMEDON (Statius Thebaid 11.32) [5.1] KRENAIOS (by Ismenis ) (Statius Thebaid 9.318) [7.1] SEILENOS (by Melia ) (Other references) ENCYCLOPEDIA PAN (Pan), the great god of flocks and shepherds among the Greeks; his name is probably connected with the verb paô. Lat. pasco, so that his name and character are perfectly in accordance with each other. Later speculations, according to which Pan is the same as to pan, or the universe, and the god the symbol of the universe, cannot be taken into consideration here. He is described as a son of Hermes by the daughter of Dryops (Hom. Hymn. vii. 34), by Callisto (Schol. ad Theocr. i. 3), by Oeneis or Thymbris (Apollod. i. 4. § 1; Schol. ad Theocrit. l. c.), or as the son of Hermes by Penelope, whom the god visited in the shape of a ram (Herod. ii. 145; Schol. ad Theocrit. i. 123 ; Serv. ad Aen. ii. 43), or of Penelope by Odysseus, or by all her suitors in common. (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 16; Schol. ad Lycoph. 766; Schol. ad Theocrit. i. 3.) Some again call him the son of Aether and Oeneis, or a Nereid, or a son of Uranus and Ge. (Schol. ad Theocrit. i. 123; Schol. ad Lycoph. l. c.) From his being a grandson or great grandson of Cronos, he is called Kronios. (Eurip. Rhes. 36.) He was from his birth perfectly developed, and had the same appearance as afterwards, that is, he had his horns, beard, puck nose, tail, goats' feet, and was covered with hair, so that his mother ran away with fear when she saw him ; but Hermes carried him into Olympus, where all (pantes) the gods were delighted with him, and especially Dionysus. (Hom. Hymn. vii. 36, &c.; comp. Sil. Ital. xiii. 332; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 22.) He was brought up by nymphs. (Paus. viii. 30. § 2.) The principal seat of his worship was Arcadia and from thence his name and his worship afterwards spread over other parts of Greece; and at Ath


Varicella is the technical term for which disease ?

Pinkbook | Varicella | Epidemiology of Vaccine Preventable Diseases | CDC Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin Varicella is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV). The recurrent infection (herpes zoster, also known as shingles) has been recognized since ancient times. Primary varicella infection (chickenpox) was not reliably distinguished from smallpox until the end of the 19th century. In 1875, Steiner demonstrated that chickenpox was caused by an infectious agent by inoculating volunteers with the vesicular fluid from a patient with acute varicella. Clinical observations of the relationship between varicella and herpes zoster were made in 1888 by von Bokay, when children without evidence of varicella immunity acquired varicella after contact with herpes zoster. VZV was isolated from vesicular fluid of both chickenpox and zoster lesions in cell culture by Thomas Weller in 1954. Subsequent laboratory studies of the virus led to the development of a live attenuated varicella vaccine in Japan in the 1970s. The vaccine was licensed for use in the United States in March 1995. The first vaccine to reduce the risk of herpes zoster was licensed in May 2006. Varicella Zoster Virus Replication in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes Primary viremia 4 to 6 days after infection Multiple tissues, including sensory ganglia, infected during viremia VZV is a DNA virus and is a member of the herpesvirus group. Like other herpesviruses, VZV has the capacity to persist in the body after the primary (first) infection as a latent infection. VZV persists in sensory nerve ganglia. Primary infection with VZV results in chickenpox. Herpes zoster (shingles) is the result of reactivation of latent VZV infection. The virus is believed to have a short survival time in the environment. Pathogenesis VZV enters through the respiratory tract and conjunctiva. The virus is believed to replicate at the site of entry in the nasopharynx and in regional lymph nodes. A primary viremia occurs 4 to 6 days after infection and disseminates the virus to other organs, such as the liver, spleen, and sensory ganglia. Further replication occurs in the viscera, followed by a secondary viremia, with viral infection of the skin. Virus can be cultured from mononuclear cells of an infected person from 5 days before to 1 or 2 days after the appearance of the rash. Clinical Features The incubation period is 14 to 16 days after exposure, with a range of 10 to 21 days. The incubation period may be prolonged in immunocompromised patients and those who have received postexposure treatment with a varicella antibody–containing product.The incubation period is 14 to 16 days after exposure, with a range of 10 to 21 days. The incubation period may be prolonged in immunocompromised patients and those who have received postexposure treatment with a varicella antibody–containing product. Primary Infection (Chickenpox) Incubation period 14 to 16 days (range 10 to 21 days) Mild prodrome for 1 to 2 days (adults) Rash generally appears first on head; most concentrated on trunk Successive crops over several days with lesions present in several stages of development A mild prodrome may precede the onset of a rash. Adults may have 1 to 2 days of fever and malaise prior to rash onset, but in children the rash is often the first sign of disease. In individuals who have not been vaccinated with varicella vaccine, the rash is generalized and pruritic and progresses rapidly from macules to papules to vesicular lesions before crusting. The rash usually appears first on the head, then on the trunk, and then the extremities; the highest concentration of lesions is on the trunk. Lesions also can occur on mucous membranes of the oropharynx, respiratory tract, vagina, conjunctiva, and the cornea. Lesions are usually 1 to 4 mm in diameter. The vesicles are superficial and delicate and contain clear fluid on an erythematous base. Vesicles may rupture or become purulent before they dry and crust. Successive crops appear over several days, with lesions present in several stages of dev


Who wrote the music of the German national anthem ?

"Das Deutschlandlied" - Germany National Anthem German & English lyrics - YouTube "Das Deutschlandlied" - Germany National Anthem German & English lyrics Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on May 8, 2010 "Das Deutschlandlied" German & English Lyrics This video contains the longer version of the German Anthem. Das Deutschlandlied ("The Song of Germany"; German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃlantˌliːt], also known as "Das Lied der Deutschen" or "The Song of the Germans"), has been used wholly or partially as the national anthem of Germany since 1922. The music was written by Joseph Haydn in 1797 as an anthem for the birthday of the Austrian Emperor Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1841, the German linguist and poet August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben wrote the lyrics of "Das Lied der Deutschen" to Haydn's melody, lyrics that were considered revolutionary at the time. The song is as well-known by the opening words and refrain of the first stanza, "Deutschland über alles" (Germany above all), but this has never been its title. The line "Germany, Germany above all" meant that the most important goal of the Vormärz revolutionaries should be a unified Germany overcoming the perceived anti-liberal Kleinstaaterei. Alongside the Flag of Germany it was one of the symbols of the March Revolution of 1848. In order to endorse its republican and liberal tradition, the song was chosen for national anthem of Germany in 1922, during the Weimar Republic. Out of similar reasons in 1952, West Germany adopted the Deutschlandlied as its official national anthem, with only the third stanza sung on official occasions. Upon German reunification in 1990, the third stanza only was confirmed as the national anthem. German Lyrics: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Für das deutsche Vaterland! Danach lasst uns alle streben Brüderlich mit Herz und Hand! Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Sind des Glückes Unterpfand; |: Blüh' im Glanze dieses Glückes, Blühe, deutsches Vaterland. :| Unity and right and freedom for the German fatherland; Let us all pursue this purpose brotherly, with heart and hand. Unity and right and freedom are the pledge of happiness. Flourish in this blessing's glory, flourish, German fatherland. Category


In which US state is Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport ?

About Us | Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport Little Rock About Us About Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport is Arkansas’s largest commercial service airport, with nearly two million passengers annually. Also known as Adams Field, Little Rock’s airport hosts six airlines with dozen of daily departures and nonstop service to 14 destinations. At Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport, our main goal is to provide you, the passenger, with the best travel experience possible. Our Mission Statement reads: “To pursue all “Opportunities in Flight” to safely and efficiently connect our customers with the world and to promote economic development for all aeronautical activities.” We also strive to be a positive part of our community. To that end, our goals include: To build a state-of-the-art terminal facility to meet future demand To develop and implement a plan that attracts all levels of corporate aviation to the airport To locate additional sources of funding To become the employer of choice in the community To complete current land acquisition programs within the next three years To promote industrial development To continue to improve air service To continue to promote and enhance disadvantaged business enterprises (DBE) participation. We hope you enjoy your experience at Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport. Please contact us with any questions you may have.


What sort of animal is sometimes called a 'coney' ?

Coney - definition of coney by The Free Dictionary Coney - definition of coney by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/coney Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Related to coney: KONY also co·ny  (kō′nē, kŭn′ē) n. pl. co·neys also co·nies 1. A rabbit, especially the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 2. The fur of a rabbit. 4. See hyrax . 5. a. A grouper (Cephalopholis fulva) of the tropical Atlantic, having dark brown, yellow, or bicolored skin and black spots at the base of the tail and on the lower lip. b. Chiefly Florida Keys & West Indies Any of various related fish, especially the graysby. [Middle English coni, from Old French conis, pl. of conil, from Latin cunīculus, possibly akin to cunnus, cunus, female pudenda.] co·ney 2 (Animals) a variant spelling of cony co•ney Epinephelus , genus Epinephelus - genus of groupers or sea bass 2. coney - any of several small ungulate mammals of Africa and Asia with rodent-like incisors and feet with hooflike toes eutherian , eutherian mammal , placental , placental mammal - mammals having a placenta; all mammals except monotremes and marsupials family Procaviidae , Procaviidae - includes all recent members of the order Hyracoidea Procavia capensis , rock hyrax , rock rabbit - hyrax that lives in rocky areas 3. collared pika , Ochotona collaris - similar to little chief hare and may be same species 4. coney - any of various burrowing animals of the family Leporidae having long ears and short tails; some domesticated and raised for pets or food leporid , leporid mammal - rabbits and hares rabbit ears - the long ears of a rabbit lapin - castrated male rabbit bunny rabbit , bunny - (usually informal) especially a young rabbit European rabbit , Old World rabbit , Oryctolagus cuniculus - common greyish-brown burrowing animal native to southern Europe and northern Africa but introduced elsewhere; widely domesticated and developed in various colors and for various needs; young are born naked and helpless cottontail , cottontail rabbit , wood rabbit - common small rabbit of North America having greyish or brownish fur and a tail with a white underside; a host for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks) Belgian hare , leporide - red breed of domestic rabbits; hybrid between Old World rabbit and hare Angora rabbit , Angora - domestic breed of rabbit with long white silky hair warren - a colony of rabbits Translations


Monica and Chandler | Friends Central | Fandom powered by Wikia Monica and Chandler is the romantic paring between Monica Geller and Chandler Bing . It started in the season finale episode of Season 4 . Contents [ show ] Pre-Series Chandler and Monica have known each other since they were in their late teens. They met at Thanksgiving 1987, when Monica was a Senior in high school and Chandler was Ross's freshman College roommate. However their relationship got off to a rocky start when Monica developed a crush on Chandler and overheard him calling her Ross's 'fat sister'. This insult motivated her to lose weight, and the following year she attempted to get him naked and humiliate him but accidentally cut off his toe instead. (The One With All The Thanksgivings ). They did become friends, and when Chandler graduated from NYU, Monica cared enough to tip him off about Apartment 19 becoming available and they became neighbors. Flashback placing a year before the show starts, imply they were closer before Joey and Rachel became their respective roommates, as they hung out at the bar alone, played pool and it was Chandler who comforted Monica about Phoebe moving out. There are hints of attraction at this point, as he told her she was "the most beautiful women he'd ever known [in real life], "one of his favorite people". ( The One With The Flashback ) Seasons 1-4 Their relationship in the first four seasons portrays them as close friends. In Season 2 , it is revealed they've confided secrets unknown to the rest of the gang, like Chandler having a 'third nipple'. It is Monica who takes the lead in promising Chandler he won't die alone ( The One Where Heckles Dies ), coaching him through his commitment issues with Janice ( The One With The Metaphorical Tunnel ), comforting him over his break up with Kathy ( The One With Joey's Dirty Day ) and even giving him detailed sex advice to better please women. ( The One With Phoebe's Uterus ). It's also hinted Chandler has deeper feelings for Monica. He suggests they be each other's 'back ups' if they're both still single at 40 ( The One With The Birth ) and repeatedly tries to convince her to date him, seemingly offended that he's not 'boyfriend material'. Monica takes it as a joke, though she does admit he's 'sweet and smart' and that she loves him. ( The One At The Beach - The One With The Jellyfish ). They are also occasionally seen sitting very close or cuddling in a chair together, despite just being platonic friends. Their actual relationship starts when Monica becomes depressed at the rehearsal dinner for Ross Emily's wedding: her brother is getting married for the second time while she doesn't even have a boyfriend, her mother keeps making cracks suggesting she'll never get married and some drunk guy thought she was Ross' mother (" The One With Ross's Wedding, Part 2 "). She decides that maybe a night of meaningless sex will make her feel better and goes looking for Joey . He isn't there, but Chandler is, and when Chandler attempts to console her, telling her he thought she was the most beautiful woman in the room that night, that she was the most beautiful woman in most rooms, Monica throws herself at him and they end up spending the night together. The next day, initially things are quite awkward between them. When they meet up at the wedding they agree that sleeping together was a stupid thing to do, but that's not enough to keep them from agreeing to meet up again that night. They say that they will stop once they leave London, but that fails and they begin a relationship. Although they go on to fall in love and have the longest romantic relationship between two of the friends throughout the series, it's not clear at this point how much of their relationship is based on genuine feelings and how much is just about sex. However, in The One With The Truth About London , Chandler refers to the first night he and Monica spent together as the most romantic night of his life, so it seems likely that Chandler, at least, already had romantic feelings for Monica by the time their first


In American football, who won the most Super Bowls in the 1980's ?

Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 - Superbowl in the 1980's Super            Bowl History 1980 - 1989 Super Bowl XIV Chuck Noll's Pittsburgh Steelers would repeat to win Super Bowl 14 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on January 20th, 1980 against            Ray Malavasi's LA Rams. Terry Bradshaw took home MVP            for the second straight year as the Steelers won their 4th            Super Bowl before any other team had won three. John Stallworth and Lynn Swan each caught touchdowns, while Franco            Harris ran for two. Dave Elmendorf, Rod Perry, and            Eddie Brown intercepted three Bradshaw passes, but it wasn't            enough. Lawrence McCutcheon connected with Ron Smith on a halfback pass but quarterback Vince Ferragamo couldn't            make the big throw for the Rams. Unsung hero, Larry Anderson,            had 162 return yards setting up the Steeler win, 31-19. Super Bowl XV Tom Flores' Oakland Raiders beat            Dick Vermeil's Philadelphia Eagles, 27-10, in            Super Bowl 15 on January 25th, 1981 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. Ron Jaworski had 291 yards, but was            intercepted by linebacker Rod Martin three times. Jim Plunkett            threw three touchdowns in Super Bowl Fifteen; an 80 yard            bomb to Kenny King, and two shorter scores to Cliff            Branch. An Eagle defense led by John Bunting and Herman            Edwards couldn't slow Plunkett and Mark Van Eeghen (75 yards).            Ted Hendricks, Matt Millen, Dave Browning, and Martin led            the stout Raider defense. Super Bowl XVI On January 24, 1982 Super Bowl 16 was played            in Pontiac, Michigan at the Pontiac Sliverdome. Bill            Walsh's San Francisco 49ers faced Forrest Gregg's Cincinnati            Bengals. MVP, Joe Montana, inched his Forty-Niners            into Super Bowl Sixteen by completing a last second touchdown            to Dwight Clark in the NFC Title Game, known as "The            Catch". Montana took home MVP honors, throwing one            touchdown to Earl Cooper, while running for another. Ray Wersching            had a Super Bowl record 4 field goals. Ken Anderson            brought the Bengals roaring back with a touchdown run and            pass to Dan Ross. But early turnovers by Chris Collinsworth            and Anderson were too much to overcome as Eric Wright, Lynn Thomas, Ronnie Lott, and Dwight Hicks led San Francisco's defense to victory. Super Bowl XVII On January 30th, 1983, Joe Gibbs' Washington            Redskins beat Don Shula's Miami Dolphins 27-17 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Super Bowl            17 MVP, John Riggins, rushed for a record 166 yards, and Joe            Theismann threw two touchdowns, to Alvin Garrett and Charlie            Brown, leading the Redskin comeback in the second half. Miami's 17 Super Bowl Seventeen points came in the first half;            a 76 yard touchdown pass from David Woodley to Jimmy            Cefalo, a short field goal by Uwe Von Schamann, and            a 98 yard kickoff return by Fulton Walker. Vernon            Dean and Mark Murphy led the Washington defense that held            Woodley and Don Strock to 4-17 passing. Super Bowl XVIII Joe Gibbs' Washington Redskins were            back as Defending Champs for Super Bowl 18 in Tampa, Florida on January 30th, 1983. Super Bowl Eighteen was different for            Joe, as Tom Flores' Los Angeles Raiders blew-out Joe            Theismann (2-ints), John Riggins (64-yds) and the rest            of the Redskins, 38-9, in the Super Bowl's most            lops


In Greek mythology, which nine-headed monster grew two for every one that was chopped off ?

Monsters in Greek Mythology Monsters in Greek Mythology Argus Argus may have had as many as one hundred eyes, which were located all over his body. Hera employed him as a guard. He was killed by Hermes . Afterward, Hera put Argus's eyes in the tail of the peacock, her favorite bird. Cerberus Cerberus was a huge and powerful three-headed dog. He was owned by Hades , god of the dead, who used the fearsome hound to guard the entrance to the underworld. In his final labor, Hercules went to the underworld and kidnapped Cerberus . Cyclopes Each of the Cyclopes was gigantic and had a single eye in the middle of its forehead. The Cyclopes made lightning and thunderbolts for Zeus to use. The brutal Polyphemus , a Cyclops and a son of Poseidon , lived on an island, where he was blinded by Odysseus . Gorgons The Gorgons were horrifyingly ugly monsters who lived at the edge of the world. Their hair was made of serpents, and one look from a Gorgon's eyes would turn a man to stone. Perseus killed the Gorgon Medusa by beheading her while looking only at her reflection. The Hydra Hydra The Hydra was a massive and poisonous serpent with nine heads. Every time one head was injured, another two grew in its place. Hercules sought out the monster in its dark marsh and succeeded in destroying it. Minotaur The Minotaur was a man-eating monster with the head of a bull. King Minos kept it hidden in a labyrinth (a maze) in Knossos, on the island of Crete, where he used it to frighten his enemies. Theseus killed the Minotaur. The Minotaur Scylla and Charybdis The powerful monsters Scylla and Charybdis lived together in a sea cave. Scylla had many fierce dog heads and ate sailors alive; Charybdis created whirlpools by sucking in and spitting out seawater. Both Jason and Odysseus safely traveled by these monsters. Sirens The Sirens were giant, winged creatures with the heads of women. They lived on rocks on the sea, where their beautiful singing lured sailors to shipwreck. Odysseus filled his sailors' ears with wax so that they might sail safely past the Sirens.


Which American statesman appears on the US $100 bill ?

U.S. Fed ships new $100 bills with anti-counterfeit features | Reuters Tue Oct 8, 2013 | 1:40 PM EDT U.S. Fed ships new $100 bills with anti-counterfeit features 1/2 The new U.S. $100 bill is introduced by Michelle Scipione, vice president of the Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank Cash Services Department, during an event at the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial in Philadelphia October 8, 2013. Reuters/Tom Mihalek + 2/2 A combination photo shows the front and back of the newly designed $100 bill in these handout pictures obtained on April 24, 2013. Reuters/U.S. Treasury Department/Handout + By Ian Simpson | WASHINGTON WASHINGTON The Federal Reserve began supplying banks on Tuesday with billions of redesigned $100 bills that incorporate advanced anti-counterfeiting features, the U.S. central bank said. The notes, which retain the image of American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin, include two new security features - a blue three-dimensional security ribbon with images of bells and 100s, and a color-changing bell in an inkwell, the Fed said in a statement. The $100 bills, the biggest U.S. denomination known in American slang as "Benjamins," also keep security features from the previous design, such as a watermark. "The new design incorporates security features that make it easier to authenticate, but harder to replicate," said Federal Reserve Board Governor Jerome Powell said in a statement. U.S. officials have said the $100 note is the most frequently counterfeited denomination of U.S. currency outside the United States due to its broad circulation overseas. In the United States, the $20 bill is the most frequently counterfeited note. Sonja Danburg, program manager for U.S. currency education at the Fed, said about 3.5 billion new $100 bills had been stockpiled. There are about $900 billion in $100 notes in circulation, with half to two-thirds outside the United States, she said. The United States has about $1.15 trillion in genuine currency in circulation, and less than 1/100th of 1 percent of that value is counterfeit, Danburg said. Benjamins are the highest-denominated notes issued by the Federal Reserve since the United States stopped issuing $500, $1,000 and $10,000 notes in 1969. The new bills have been in development since 2003. The new bills cost about 12.5 cents each to make, 5 cents more than the previous notes because of the greater complexity of the design, Danburg said. The average $100 bill lasts about 15 years before wearing out and being pulled from circulation. The more frequently handled $1 note lasts about six years, Danburg said. The Fed said people with old bills did not need to trade them in for new ones since all designs of U.S. currency remained legal tender. (Reporting by Ian Simpson; Editing by Scott Malone; Editing by Gerald E. McCormick and David Gregorio) ADVERTISEMENT


By what name is acetylsalicylic acid more commonly known when kept in the medicine cupboard ?

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID (ASPIRIN) Hazard Symbols: XN, Risk Phrases: 22/36/37/38, Safety Phrases:26/28 GENERAL             DESCRIPTION OF SALICYLIC             ACID Salicylic Acid is a white crystalline powder or needle-shaped crystals with  sweetish taste; soluble in acetone, ether, alcohol, boiling water, benzene and  turpentine, sparingly soluble in chloroformbenzene, slightly soluble in water;  melts at 158°C. The sodium salt form (sodium salicylate) is common commercially,  prepared from mainly sodium phenolate with carbon dioxide under heating and  pressure. It contains both a hydroxyl and a carboxyl group, which react with  either an acid or an alcohol. The carboxyl group forms esters with alcohols;  e.g. methyl salicylate is formed with methanol, which used in food flavorings  and preservatives; menthyl salicylate is formed with methanol, which is used in  suntan lotions. The hydroxyl group reacts with acetic acid to form  acetylsalicylic acid (called aspirin) which is the most widely common antiseptic  and antipyretic agent. Phenyl salicylate (called salol) is formed with phenol,  which is also used as an antiseptic and antipyretic agent. The sodium salt  (Sodium salicylate), a shiny white powder, is used for antiseptics preparations  and as a preservative. In addition to its analgesic and antipyretic properties,  salicylic acid possesses keratinolytic properties and fungicidal properties. It  ans its derivatives are used in the treatment of hyperkeratotic, dandruff,  ichthyosis and psoriasis as well as in the treatment of fungal skin infections  such as tinea. Para-Aminosalicylic acid (abbreviated PAS and PASA) is an  analogue of para-aminobenzoic acid (abbreviated PABA) that inhibits folic acid  synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is bacteriostatic, inhibits growth  and multiplication of the tubercle bacillus. Para-Aminosalicylic acid and its  sodium salt (sodium p-Aminosalicylate) are bacteriostatic against mycobacteria  and used in the treatment of tuberculosis; administered orally. Brand names are  Tubasal, Nemasol Sodium and etc. Aminosalicylic acids are pharmaceutically  active ingredients including anti-infectives against colds, flu, or other virus  infections. Mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid, abbreviated 5-ASA) an active  metabolite of sulfasalazine, used to treat inflammation of the rectum and lower  colon, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis. Para-Aminosalicylic acid              (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) is used as an intermediate of bacteriostatic agent                 specially for parabens (alkyl esters of p-hydroxy benzoic acid) which used in food and personal care products as a preservative. It is applied in the production of liquid crystal polymers.                 It is also used as an intermediate of dyes, insecticides,                 pharmaceutical, pesticides and                 other chemical compounds. Salicylic Acid and its derivatives are important for the preparation of other  pharmaceutical products, dyes, flavours, and preservatives.


What kind of animal is a Peruvian cavy ?

Guinea Pig Facts Guinea Pig Facts By Alina Bradford, Live Science Contributor | April 28, 2015 11:11pm ET MORE Spanish explorers brought guinea pigs back from the New World to Europe, where they were kept as exotic pets. Credit: Miroslav Hlavko , Shutterstock Guinea pigs, also called cavies, are a domesticated species of rodent (Cavia porcellus). They were originally native to South America. However, they have been popular for thousands of years as pets and as food, and this species no longer exists in the wild.  The Incas domesticated Guinea pigs more than 3,000 years ago. They bred them as pets and for food and offered them as sacrifices to their gods, according to Sharon Lynn Vanderlip, author of " The Guinea Pig Handbook " (Barron's, 2003). Selective breeding resulted in variations in coat color, patterns and texture, as well as flavor subtleties, Vanderlip wrote. Around the end of the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors took Guinea pigs from South America to Europe, where they became popular pets among Elizabethan society, according the  National Geographic .  Not from Guinea & not a pig No one is really sure where the name Guinea pig came from. According to Vanderlip, some historians speculate that the roasted meat reminded Europeans of suckling pigs. Some think Guinea pigs got their name from the squealing sounds they make. The name may come from the price of a Guinea pig in 16th-century England: 1 guinea. Some researchers say ships leaving the port of Guiana in South America or Guinea in West Africa may have carried the animals to the European market. The little furry animals also have identity crises in other languages, Vanderlip wrote. In Germany, they have been called meerschweinchen (little sea pigs). In France, they are lapins de Barbarie(Barbary rabbits). And in Portugal, they are called porchitas da India (little pigs from India). Cavies (pronounced kay-vees) can't seem to shake the pig connotation; even its species name, C. porcellus, means "little pig" in Latin.    Size & appearance Guinea pigs are tailless rodents that weigh between 1.5 and 2.5 lbs. (700 to 1,100 grams), according to the Animal Diversity Web (ADW). Their compact, cylindrical bodies range from 8 to 10 inches (20.3 to 25.4 cm) long.  Their ears are small and petal-shaped and their eyes are set on the sides of their heads. They have small, triangular mouths, which contain 20 teeth. Like other rodents, their teeth grow continuously, and Guinea pigs must chew or gnaw constantly to keep them from growing too long.  According to ADW, there are 13 commonly recognized types or breeds of guinea pig: American, American satin, Abyssinian, Abyssinian satin, Peruvian, Peruvian satin, silkie, silkie satin, teddy, teddy satin, texel, coronet and the white crested. These breeds are characterized by differences in hair color, hair texture, the sheen of the pelage and the color patterns of the pelage. Habitat While domesticated Guinea pigs are no longer found in the wild, they do have some cousins, also called Guinea pigs, in South America that live in forests, savannas, mountainous grasslands and bushy areas. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the  Brazilian Guinea pig  is found in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Bolivia, northern Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. The  Moleques do Sul Guinea pig  is from Moleques Island do Sul, a 25-acre (10.5 hectares) island in Santa Catarina, Brazil. The  shiny Guinea pig  is found in coastal areas of southeastern Brazil. The  greater Guinea pig  occurs in southern Brazil and Uruguay. The  Montane Guinea pig  ranges from northwestern Argentina and northern Chile to Peru. Habits  Guinea pigs are very social and are herd animals. They like to be with others of their own kind, but also thrive from human affection. They are crepuscular, which means they are most active during dusk and dawn. When they are awake, Guinea pigs spend their time feeding, grooming or investigating their cage, according to the  ADW .  Diet Guinea pigs are herbivores, meaning they do not eat meat.


Which Italian city is served by Gallileo Galilei airport ?

Pisa Galileo Galilei International Airport Information: Pisa, Tuscany, Italy Pisa Galileo Galilei International Airport (PSA) Information (Pisa, Tuscany, Italy) As Pisa, Italy becomes an increasingly popular tourist destination, the city becomes even easier to reach, with extremely frequent flights and good connections from all over the world. The city is served by Galileo Galilei Airport (Pisa International Airport), which handles many international flights for the Tuscany region. Pisa Galileo Galilei International Airport (PSA) Tel: +39 (0)50 849 111 Pisa International Airport (Galileo Galilei) is located just 2 km / 1 mile north of Pisa city centre, near to the coast. This is Tuscany's regional airport, handling mainly international flights. Galileo Galilei Airport has a reliable train system and direct access to the Firenze-Pisa-Livorno dual carriageway and the motorway. Major airlines include Alitalia, AirDoloiti, Air France, Air Littoral, Austrian Airlines, British Airways, Carpatair, Iberia Regional, Lufthansa, Meridiana, Ryanair and many more. Facilities: 24-hour cash machines (ATMs) and banking facilities Restaurants, cafés and bars Shopping centre with many large shops, including a hairdressers, beauty salon and duty-free Car hire companies - including Auto Europa, Avis, Easy Car, Europcar, Hertz, Liberty Rent International, Maggiore Budget, Thrifty Italy by Car and Sixt VIP lounge and business facilities, including exclusive restaurant for working lunches Meeting and training rooms are available Special facilities for disabled passengers Short-term car park next to the departures hall Multilevel long-term car park next to the railway terminal Cars The journey into Pisa city centre by car should take no more than a few minutes. Also, the airport has direct access to the following main roads, where traffic usually runs smoothly and quickly: Firenze-Pisa-Livorno dual carriageway (Pisa Centro - Aeroporto exit) Genova-Rosignano A12 motorway (Pisa Centro exit) Firenze-Pisa Nord A11 motorway (through the Pisa Nord linking stretch with the A12) Road SS 1 'Aurelia' Book your Pisa Car Rental here. Taxis or Shuttles The taxi service at the airport is run by CO.TA.PI (Pisa taxi cooperative) and there are usually plenty of authorised taxis lined up by the main arrivals gateway of each terminal. The fares into Pisa city centre are quite reasonable and the taxis tend to operate between 08:00 to midnight. Trains Pisa's Galileo Galilei airport is conveniently next door to the railway terminal, which connects to the Italian railway network. Train tickets can be purchased at the information office in the arrivals hall.


How many players are there in a Canadian football team ?

CFL.ca - Official site of the Canadian Football League The 2017 CFL free agency period officially opens at 12:00pm ET on Tuesday, February 14, 2017. Below lists the players who will become CFL free agents should they not re-sign with their current ... Loading...