In 1999, which tennis player ranked No.3 became the highest ranked player ever to announce retirement from the sport at that time? This record was broken by No.1 Justine Henin in 2008.

Justine Henin : definition of Justine Henin and synonyms of Justine Henin (English) No. 23 (14 January 2002) Last updated on: 29 August 2011. Justine Henin ( French pronunciation:  [ʒys.tin enɛ̃] ; born 1 June 1982), known as Justine Henin-Hardenne between 2002 and 2007, is a retired professional Belgian tennis player and former World No. 1. Henin won 43 WTA singles titles and seven Grand Slam singles titles, including four French Open titles, one Australian Open title, and two US Open titles. She has also won the year-ending Sony Ericsson Championships twice and the singles gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics . Tennis experts cite her mental toughness, the completeness and variety of her game, her footspeed and footwork, and her one-handed backhand (which John McEnroe has described as the best single-handed backhand in the women's or men's game [4] ) as the principal reasons for her success. [5] [6] Critics and all-time-great players have made testament to Henin's talent. Upon Henin's first retirement from the WTA in the early part of the 2008 season, Billie Jean King said that "pound for pound, Henin is the best tennis player of her generation", [7] as well as that "Justine is the best women's athlete I've ever seen." [8] Andre Agassi said of Henin, "Justine Henin is one of the most talented women ever to have played the game of tennis." [8] In 2007, 18 time Grand Slam winner Martina Navratilova said that "She is head and shoulders above everyone else right now." [8] John McEnroe concurred, saying that Henin is "The player I most like to watch." [8] Henin made a return to the WTA in early 2010, losing the final of the Australian Open in only her 2nd tournament back. [9] On 26 January 2011, she announced that she had been forced to retire from professional tennis once again because of an elbow injury. [10] In June 2011, she was named one of the "30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future" by Time . [11] Contents 9 External links   Playing style At the 2007 French Open , Martina Navratilova said that "Henin's offense is just phenomenal ... it's sort of like we've got 'the female Federer ', or maybe the guys have 'the male Justine Henin', because she is just head and shoulders above everyone else right now." [12] Henin's footwork, balance, and court coverage—and she is adept at changing from a defensive style to an aggressive one. [13] Despite her relatively small size, Henin has a powerful serve, which has been measured at a top speed of 196 km/h (122 mph) at the 2005 Family Circle Cup . [14] Henin's single-handed backhand is the most powerful and accurate in the game. She can hit her backhand 'flat', with heavy topspin, or slice [underspin]. Her backhand can also be used to surprise her opponents with dropshots, breaking up the pattern of a groundstroke rally. Her slice backhand is regarded as one of the best of all time.[ citation needed ] However, Henin's forehand is generally regarded as her most dangerous weapon,[ citation needed ] and the stroke that she normally uses to dictate the play of a match.   Personal life Justine Henin was born in Liège . Her father is José Henin; her mother, Françoise Rosière, was a French and history teacher who died when Justine was 12 years old. She has two brothers (David and Thomas) and a sister (Sarah). When Justine was two, her family moved to a house in Rochefort , situated next to the local tennis club, where she played tennis for the first time. Henin's mother routinely took the young Henin across the border to France to watch the French Open. [15] Henin saw the 1992 final involving her idol Steffi Graf and Monica Seles . Although Graf lost, the experience impressed Henin. In 1995, shortly after her mother's death, Henin met her coach Carlos Rodriguez who guided her career both before her retirement in 2008 and during her 2010 comeback. Following a conflict between Justine and her father[ clarification needed ] over her tennis career and her relationship with Pierre-Yves Hardenne, Rodriguez soon became not only her trainer but in some ways a second father figure.


In US college sports, what is the most common nickname/school mascot?

College Football: The 18 Most Frequently Used Mascot Names in NCAA | Bleacher Report College Football: The 18 Most Frequently Used Mascot Names in NCAA By Amy Daughters , Chief Writer Mar 30, 2011 Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Chris Graythen/Getty Images 6 Comments USA Today ran a story this week regarding a battle brewing between NC State and Loyola over the use of the nickname “Wolfpack”. Apparently, NC State is not opposed to Loyola using the nickname in theory. Instead, NC State would like to prevent Loyola from using the nickname as a "stand alone," therefore requiring them to only use it combined with their institutional name. If this isn't acceptable, NC State would allow Loyola to “license the nickname for a fee.” The report also details a similar incident that occurred between NC State and Nevada in 2008 which resulted in Nevada using the two-word nickname “Wolf Pack” as opposed to the one-word “Wolfpack.” Many universities share nicknames or mascots more amiably but what are the most popular of these shared spirit representatives? The following slideshow presents the 18 most frequently used mascot/nicknames for institutions classified as Division One for sports competition.  We begin with nicknames that are used by at least four schools and work our way all the way up to the most commonly used mascot name in NCAA Division One athletics. An interesting note and/or hint: all four members of the 2011 Men’s NCAA Basketball Final Four are represented in this slideshow. Number of Division One Programs Using Nickname: 11 Division One "Eagles": American Eagles (Patriot League) located in Washington, DC Boston College Eagles (ACC) Coppin State Eagles (Mid-Eastern Athletic) located in Baltimore, Maryland Eastern Michigan Eagles (MAC) Eastern Washington Eagles (Big Sky) Florida Gulf Coast Eagles (Atlantic Sun) reclassification to Division One effective 2011-12 Georgia Southern Eagles (Southern) Morehead Eagles State Eagles (Ohio Valley) located in Morehead, Kentucky Niagara Purple Eagles (Metro Atlantic Athletic) located in Lewiston, New York North Carolina Central Eagles (Mid Eastern Athletic) reclassification to Division One effective 2011-12 Winthrop Eagles (Big South) located in Rock Hill, South Carolina


In curling, what is the name given to the target area towards which teams slide polished granite stones?

Curling Games Links and Contacts Curling Cover Page Curling is a sport where the players have to slide rocks across an ice sheet towards a definite target area. The game is closely associated with shuffleboard, bowls and boule. Two teams consisting of four players each take turns to slide heavy, polished rocks made of granite also called "stones," across the icy curling sheet towards a circular target made on ice known as the house. Each of the teams is equipped with eight stones. The aim is to amass the highest score of points for a game. The points are scored based on how near to the center of the house the stones are at the lapse of an end, which is when both the teams have hurled all their stones. A single game of curling may be made up of eight or ten ends. The curler can stimulate a curved path by making the stone turn slowly as it slides. The stone's path may be additionally influenced by two broom-holding sweepers who accompany the stone as it moves across the ice sheet and uses the brooms to change the state of ice in front of the sliding stone. A lot of teamwork and strategy is employed to choose the ideal placement and path of a stone in each and every situation. The curlers' skill is also important while determining the level of success that can be achieved by the stone. This has given curling its nickname "Chess on Ice". Curling in Olympics Curling has been one of the official sports of Winter Olympic Games since Winter Olympics 1998. The curling competition held previously from 1920s was originally named Semaine des Sports d'Hiver or the International Winter Sports Week. In February of 2002, the International Olympic Committee took the decision that curling competition held from Winter Olympics 1924 would no more be considered as simple demonstration sports and be counted as official Olympic events. Hence the first Olympic medals awarded for curling were given out for Winter Games 1924. The gold medal was won by Ireland as well as Great Britain. Sweden won the two silver medals and the bronze medal was won by France. A demo tournament was organized during the Winter Olympic Games 1932 between four teams each from United States as well as Canada. The tournament was won 12 games to 4 by Canada. Curling Culture Curling has widespread cultural connotations. The teams participating in a competition are usually named after Skip, such as a team with Kevin Martin as the skipper is known as Team Martin. Various amateur league players often use creative names for their teams. However, while participating in a major competition, the official team is going to adopt a standard name. Curling is played by several countries across the world, such as United Kingdom, Scotland, Canada, the United States, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland and Japan with all of these countries participate in worldwide championships. Copyright (c) 2013 CURLINGGAMES.NET. All rights reserved.


Which Swede is the only man in tennis history to have won at least two Grand Slam singles titles on each of the three surfaces of grass, clay and hardcourt?

Grand Slams | rogerfedererfan rogerfedererfan This blog covers all things RF. It is dedicated to my dearest friend and avid FedFan @EfieZac. May she RIP 💙 Grand Slams Roger Federer’s Grand Slam Records The Maestro’s Grand Slam records are outlined below. Information has been collected from the ATP website, Wikipedia and rogerfederer.com. The records are listed below in several categories starting with Grand Slam Championships, finals reached, semifinals and quarterfinals. Then there is a segment on the joint Federer-Nadal i.e. Fedal records in Grand Slams followed by records of the Trifecta, the Big 3 i.e. Federer-Nadal-Djokovic together. It ends with a list of grand slam records that couldn’t be categorized in these groups but should be mentioned nonetheless. ****************************************************************************************************************************** Grand Slam Championships All Time Record Holder Federer has won 17 Grand Slam titles (2003 Wimbledon to 2012 Wimbledon), breaking the previous all-time men’s record of 14 by Pete Sampras (1990 US Open – 2002 US Open). Nadal has since tied the record with Sampras by winning the 2014 French Open. Federer holds the open-era record for most consecutive US Open titles at five (2004–08), surpassing the old record of 3 consecutive by Lendl and McEnroe. Federer is the only male player in history to win at least five consecutive titles at two different Grand Slam tournaments (2003–07 Wimbledon, 2004–08 US Open),surpassing the old record of 4 consecutive Grand Slams at two different majors by Borg (1978–81 French Open & 1976–80 Wimbledon). Federer is the only male player in history to win the same two Grand Slam tournaments back to back for four consecutive years (2004–07 Wimbledon and US Open), surpassing the previous record of Borg for 3 consecutive years (1978–80 French Open and Wimbledon) At the 2006 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win three consecutive Grand Slam titles since Sampras in 1993–94. Federer repeated this feat at the 2007 Australian Open, making him the only man to achieve this feat twice in the open era. By winning the 2010 Australian Open, Federer became the only male tennis player to win three different Grand Slam tournaments at least four times each (4 Australian Opens, 7 Wimbledons, and 5 US Opens). Federer is the only male player in tennis history to win at least two Grand Slam titles for four consecutive years and five years overall (2004–07 Wimbledon and US Open, 2009 French Open and Wimbledon). Federer is the only male player in history to win three Grand Slam tournaments in a calendar year three different times in his career ((2004 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open), (2006 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open) and (2007 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open)). During the Open Era, only Rod Laver (1969 Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and US Open), Connors (1974 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open), Mats Wilander (1988 Australian Open, French Open and US Open), Nadal (2010 French Open, Wimbledon and US Open) and Novak Djokovic (2011 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open) have won three or more Grand Slams in a calendar year. Federer (2006 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open) is the only player to defend successfully all three Grand Slams the following year one time in his career (2007 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open). The remaining three players (Laver, Connors, and Wilander), who won 3 or more Grand Slams in a calendar year before Federer, failed to defend even one Grand Slam next year in their career. Nadal, who won 3 Grand Slams in 2010 (French Open, Wimbledon and US Open), could only defend one Grand Slam in 2011 (French Open) and Djokovic who also won 3 Grand Slams in 2011 (Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open) could defend only one Grand Slam (Australian Open) in 2012. Federer won his first 12 Grand Slam finals other than the French Open, an all-time men’s record. This streak included three titles at the Australian Open (2004, 2006–07), five consecutive titles at Wimbledo


What nickname was given to the New York Yankees baseball team of the late 1920s, in particular to the first six hitters in the 1927 team lineup?

Murderers' Row | Baseball Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia File:1927NYYankees5.jpg Murderers' Row was the nickname given to the New York Yankees baseball team of the late 1920s , in particular the 1927 team. The term was actually coined in 1918 by a sportwriter to describe the 1918 pre- Babe Ruth Yankee lineup, a team with quality hitters such as Frank Baker and Wally Pipp , which led the A.L. in home runs with 45. A 1918 newspaper article described it: "New York fans have come to know a section of the Yankees' batting order as 'murderers' row.' It is composed of the first six players in the batting order -- Gilhooley, Peckinpaugh, Baker, Pratt, Pipp, and Bodie. This sextet has been hammering the offerings of all comers." [1] The term became revived for the Ruth, Lou Gehrig Yankee teams beginning in the mid-1920s, and was much more an appropriate term for this Yankee lineup (that produced some astounding offensive numbers) than for the earlier 1919 squad. The 1927 Yankees are recognized as one of the best teams in baseball history, alongside the 1939 Yankees, the 1961 Yankees and the 1998 Yankees. Owner Jacob Ruppert is the man most often credited for building the line-up of the team, although general manager Ed Barrow may have had as much to do with it. In a July series against the Washington Senators , the Yankees blasted their opponents 21-1 in one game and prompted Senators' first baseman Joe Judge to say, "Those fellows not only beat you but they tear your heart out. I wish the season was over." The 1927 season was particularly spectacular by baseball standards for the Yankees. After losing in the 1926 World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals , they went 110-44 the next year, winning the A.L. pennant by 19 games, and sweeping the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1927 World Series . Only four teams have won more regular season games: the 1906 Chicago Cubs and the 2001 Seattle Mariners with 116, the 1954 Cleveland Indians with 111, and the 1998 Yankees with 114. However, the '98 Yanks and the Mariners played in 162 game schedules. More importantly, both the Cubs and the Indians lost the World Series in their years, and the Mariners didn't even reach the World Series in 2001. The '27 Yankees batted .307, slugged .489, scored 975 runs, and outscored their opponents by a record 376 runs. Center fielder Earle Combs had a career year, batting .356 with 231 hits, left fielder Bob Meusel batted .337 with 103 RBIs, and second baseman Tony Lazzeri drove in 102 runs. Gehrig batted .373, with 218 hits, 52 doubles, 18 triples, 47 home runs, a then record 175 RBIs, slugged at .765, and was voted A.L. MVP. Ruth amassed a .356 batting average, 164 RBIs, 158 runs scored, walked 137 times, and slugged .772. Most notably, his 60 home runs that year broke his own record and remained the Major League mark for 34 years until Roger Maris broke it. The pitching staff led the league in ERA at 3.20, and included Waite Hoyt , who went 22-7, which tied for the league lead, and Herb Pennock , who went 19-8. Wilcy Moore won 19 as a reliever. The 1927 Yankees would eventually send six players to the Baseball Hall of Fame . Three other Yankees pitchers had ERAs under 3.00 that season. After sweeping the Pirates in the Series, the Yankees repeated the feat by sweeping the Cardinals in the 1928 World Series . The Yankees remain the only team to ever sweep the World Series in consecutive years, though the Yankee teams of 1938 - 1939 and 1998 - 1999 repeated the feat. The nickname was revived in early 2004 following the trade of Alex Rodriguez to the Yankees, and again in 2006 , when the media began labeling that year's Yankees lineup as a modern-day Murderers' Row, a squad that included Rodriguez, Derek Jeter , Johnny Damon , Gary Sheffield , Robinson Cano , Bobby Abreu , Jason Giambi and Hideki Matsui . Neither of these teams reached the World Series; the 2004 team reached the American League Championship Series but lost four straight games against the eventual champion Boston Red Sox after winning the first three games in a best-of-seven series


The tennis player Vitas Gerulaitis was a colorful character. After finally beating Jimmy Connors after 16 straight losses, what did he quip?

Jimmy Connors - First thoughts about Jimmy Connors James Scott Jimmy Connors (born September 2, 1952, in East St. Write here your first thoughts about Jimmy Connors ... 29 Oct 2016     03:30 Do you remember Jimmy Connors being down at Wimbledon, and came back to beat Pat Sajak? Oh, I meant Ivan.. McEnroe? 28 Oct 2016     21:18 Back in East St. Louis, tennis wasn't the real thing. If you weren't p... 28 Oct 2016     14:39 Every time I went out there I performed the best that I could and it w... 28 Oct 2016     11:47 Jimmy Connors is actually Pete Rose 27 Oct 2016     04:47 From where we lived, to practise in St Louis was an hour-and-a-half dr... 26 Oct 2016     15:29 You can't say "s**t"? really? Oh my god - tennis is All about emotion. Remember John McEnroe ? Andre Agassi ? Jimmy Connors! Let loose! 25 Oct 2016     13:12 was never work for me, tennis was fun. And the tougher the battle and the longer the match, the more fun I had. -â¦ 25 Oct 2016     02:41 THE MAKING OF A TENNIS PLAYER on his days as a tennis player, hanging out w/ bad boy Jiâ¦ 24 Oct 2016     23:03 Imagine if Jimmy Connors or Chris Evert won Wimbledon at age 60 yrs old?Well Tom Watson should have won the 2009 British Open in Golf at 60 24 Oct 2016     22:45 She married Jimmy Connors,the tennis player in 79. 24 Oct 2016     22:38 Is the book totally about Jimmy Connors? 24 Oct 2016     07:15 don't forget Reader is a scallywag who likes a lark -the Jimmy Connors of the tipsters and ML is Mr Cunningham 23 Oct 2016     23:30 Why is everybody a tennis/behavioural expert when it comes to this guy! Look up Jimmy Connors or McEnroe on YouTubeâ¦ 23 Oct 2016     19:24 Jimmy Connors thinks Sascha Zverev should try intensive unicycle training to help with his awful backhand 23 Oct 2016     17:17 Tennis was always there for me, which was lucky. I would go play baseb... 23 Oct 2016     17:15 Jimmy Connors himself couldn't deliver a better backhand. . 23 Oct 2016     14:31 Most ageing sportstars simply fade away. But rarely, comes one who roars to the end Presenting Jimmy Connors, 1991. 23 Oct 2016     09:42 But why should I read what somebody else thinks of my life when I know... 22 Oct 2016     21:09 On this day in 1989, Jimmy Connors won the last of his 109 titles - the most by any male pâ¦ 22 Oct 2016     18:35 missed this..3 days ago Jimmy Connors calls on NK to join forces 22 Oct 2016     17:45 People don't seem to understand that it's a *** war out there. 22 Oct 2016     17:22 Are we being punked?.Jimmy Connors offers to mentor Kyrgios 22 Oct 2016     15:58 Bjorn was a different breed, I threw my best material at him, but he w... 22 Oct 2016     14:34 June 19, 1971: Jimmy Connors, a freshman at UCLA, wins the NCAA singles title in South Bend, Indiana (via 22 Oct 2016     14:33 College tip: just don't "go Jimmy Connors" on anyone at If you're that good, just leave school. 22 Oct 2016     13:25 The problem is that when you get it, youre too damned old to do anything about it. ~Jimmy Connors 21 Oct 2016     15:39 Neither psychologists or jimmy connorsâ will improve this guy. Heâs beyond ârepairâ 21 Oct 2016     12:22 Jimmy Connors offers to mentor Kyrgios - ESPN 21 Oct 2016     06:40 Jimmy Connors offers to be hothead Nick Krygios' coach American tennis great Jimmy Connors has put his hand up foâ¦ 21 Oct 2016     03:51 Connors puts a brave hand up to coach Kyrgios via 21 Oct 2016     01:53 Grand Slam champ Jimmy Connors offered to coach but says Nick might want to check out this câ¦ 25 Aug 2016     18:13 Jimmy Connors nah he beat that didlo first round 29 Jul 2016     22:11 Think of Phil Jackson's triangle offense like Jimmy Connors' TC2000 tennis racquet. Only person to be successful with it. 06 Jul 2016     07:27 Today in 1975: Arthur Ashe defeats Jimmy Connors, becomes first African American man to win Wimbledon singles title. hâ¦ 04 Jun 2016     15:32 In addition to Ali, Reggie, and Kareem, you had Nicklaus, Jimmy Connors, Chris Evert , Billy Jean King, Pete Rose , and Bruce Jenner. (cont) 04 May 2016     22:36 How could I forget Andre? Jimmy


The uniform of which NFL team is green because their once owner was born on St Patrick's day?

The Worst Uniform in the History of Every NFL Franchise | Bleacher Report The Worst Uniform in the History of Every NFL Franchise Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow What's next? A pledge pin...on your uniform? Photo credit: doblu.com 129.9K 138 Comments It’s safe to say that there are a lot of serious decisions to be made over the next few weeks for all of the teams in the NFL as free agency starts to wind down and the NFL draft gets a little closer. But if you’re looking for some serious analysis in this piece, we can absolutely assure you that you’re wasting your time. That means we’re going to have a different kind of fun (because the NFL offseason is to be enjoyed as well). So be it permanent changes, tributes to the past or any other reasons, mix and match, experimentation, here’s a look at all 32 current franchises' worst moment in terms of best costume. The reasoning will be different for each club. And take all of this with a grain of salt. Finally, feel free to chime in with your own memories of the day your favorite football team showed you what not to wear. So without further ado, here are our choices for the bad and the ugly. And feel free to come up with your best…uh, worst suggestions. More importantly, the focus here is fun and not offensive. No matter how offensive some of these outfits may appear. Arizona Cardinals Christian Petersen/Getty Images We know that the NFL’s Cardinals have been around since 1920 and haven’t won an NFL title since 1947, the longest current drought championship-wise in the league. And we also know that these are indeed the “Redbirds.” But they opted to take that to a new level in 2002 when they first decided to pair red jersey and red pants. Sorry, the glorified long johns look just doesn’t cut it. What’s next for the team…footie pajamas? Still, give credit where it’s due. In 2005, the team altered the logo on the helmet to give the cardinal a meaner work. Hence the forerunner to today’s “Angry Birds.” Atlanta Falcons Photo credit: bleacherreport.com From their debut season in 1966 to Hall of Famer Deion Sanders’ debut year in the NFL in 1989, the Atlanta Falcons were certainly not known for winning football on a consistent basis. In 1990, the team’s 25th in the NFL, new head coach Jerry Glanville and the Falcons unveiled a new look. Out with the red helmets and in with new black helmets, black jerseys similar to their early day and grey pants just adopted by the club in 1978. What a look. But one year later, the Falcons found themselves in the playoffs for only the fourth time in their existence and the team would make three more trips to the postseason in that attire, including the franchise’s lone Super Bowl appearance in 1998. Eventually, better taste took over. Perhaps with that occasional success, they found those uniforms too legit to quit them. Buffalo Bills Photo credit: bleacherreport.com The Buffalo Bills first put a buffalo on the side of their helmets in 1962, the franchise’s, as well as the AFL's third year of existence. A little over two decades later, the Bills’ helmet made a different kind of news. The story goes that quarterback Joe Ferguson, who played for the team for a dozen seasons from 1973-84, was having his issues spotting his receivers, especially during those snowy days in Orchard Park. And cited was the fact that the team’s based-white helmets were part of the problem. So in 1984 (which proved to be Ferguson’s last season with the club), the Bills changed their lids and since have offered various combinations to that look. But when you combine red helmets with blue facemasks (which the team did for three seasons), safe to say it’s a little hard on the eyes. Photo credit: rantsports.com Call them unbearable? The Chicago Bears, aka the “Monsters of the Midway”, certainly didn’t look so fearsome in this get-up in 1994. Once again, it’s back to the NFL’s 75th Anniversary celebration. And here’s quarterback Erik Kramer and the team’s tribute to the franchise’s early days, when they began as the Decatur Staleys (1920), became the Chicago Stal


Which chess opening named for a Spanish monk consists of the following moves? 1. e4, e5 2. Nf3, Nc6 3. Bb5

Chess Glossary & Basics | Master Chess Openings Chess Glossary & Basics History of Chess The origin of chess is not clear. Legends abound, attributing its invention to the Biblical King Solomon, or to the Greek God Hermes, or to the Chinese mandarin Hansing but it probably originated in India sometime around the 6th or 7th Century AD. From there the game crossed into Persia (now Iran), and then to Europe. The word chess is thought to be derived from ‘shah” the ‘Persian word for king, and the word checkmate from “shah mat”, meaning “The king is dead”. The first documented reference to chess in literature was made in a Persian romance written in about 600AD. In the Middle Ages, collections of chess problems appeared in written form. One of the earliest books on chess ever printed was published in England. Written by a Dominican friar, Jacopo Dacciesole, before the year 1200, it was translated into English as The Game and Playe of Chess and printed by William Caxton. A woodcut from the book is depicted on Great Britain 1976 Scott 796. Another chess book by the author Alfonso X is depicted on Spain 1985 Scott 1293. Chess had such a following that Shakespeare refers to the game 57 times, while his contemporary Thomas Middleton spent time in prison for writing a play called “A Game of Chess” (1624). Violence and death have something to do with the appeal of chess. There are countless examples of assassinations attempted and accomplished while a victim ponders over a chess move. And there is the legendary example of Charlot, son of Charlemagne who killed the son of a Danish warrior, using the chessboard itself as his fell weapon. Actually, the popularity of chess is not hard to understand. Its play was reminiscent of the clash of armies, with their kings, knights, and foot soldiers. More important, the game also reflected the struggle up and down the medieval social structure: protection, promotion, misfortune, elimination, death and loss. Although it was essentially a mind game, it spelled carnage and mayhem.   A • Adjournment Stopping a game to finish it at a later date - this practice almost disappeared in the early 1990s • Advanced pawn A pawn that has reached the fifth rank or higher and especially one threatening to promote to a queen • Alekhine's Defence A hypermodern chess opening where Black replies to 1.e4 with 1...Nf6 - it was named after the 4th World Chess Champion Alexander Alekhine • Arbiter A referee who ensures the chess and tournament rules are followed and handles any disputes • Armageddon Not the end of the world as we know it but a deciding game that must have a winner - White is given more time but a draw means victory for Black B • B The letter used to represent the bishop when recording chess moves in English • Back rank The 1st or 8th rank of the chessboard where the kings and other pieces start the game • Back-rank mate Mate given by a rook or queen going to the back rank (1st or 8th rank) of the chessboard, usually when a player's own pawns prevent his or her king from escaping • Back-rank weakness When a player's position is vulnerable to a back-rank mate • Backward pawn A pawn that is potentially weak because it's behind pawns on same files so no other pawn can support its advance • Bad bishop A bishop whose movement is severely restricted, usually by its own pawns blocking the colour of squares on which it can move • Benoni Defence A chess opening beginning 1.d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d5 e6, which is popular with players who enjoy sharp, tactical battles. The name means "son of sorrow" and comes from a chess book published in Hebrew in 1825 by Aaron Reinganum • Bishop pair Having two bishops is usually considered an advantage in open positions when your opponent doesn't have the same • Bishop pawn A pawn on a file where the bishops start the game, i.e. the c or f-files • Blindfold chess Chess played without sight of the board, though not necessarily wearing a blindfold! • Blitz Chess played with each player typically having only 3-5 minutes to make all his or her moves • Blunder A very bad move. In worst


Which General led the Allied forces which recaptured the South West Pacific between 1942-45?

Douglas MacArthur - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Douglas MacArthur’s Early Years Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, at the Little Rock Barracks in Arkansas . MacArthur’s early childhood was spent on western frontier outposts where his Army officer father, Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912), was stationed. The younger MacArthur later said of the experience, “It was here I learned to ride and shoot even before I could read or write–indeed, almost before I could walk or talk.” Did You Know? One of General Douglas MacArthur's trademarks was his corncob pipe. The Missouri Meerschaum Company, in business in Washington, Missouri, since 1869, made MacArthur's pipes to his specifications. The company continues to produce a corncob pipe in his honor. In 1903, MacArthur graduated at the top of his class from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. As a junior officer in the years leading up to World War I , he was stationed in the Philippines and around the United States, served as an aide to his father in the Far East and participated in the American occupation of Veracruz , Mexico, in 1914. After the United States entered World War I in 1917, MacArthur helped lead the 42nd “Rainbow” Division in France and was promoted to brigadier general. Between Battles From 1919 to 1922 Douglas MacArthur served as the superintendent of West Point and instituted a variety of reforms intended to modernize the school. In 1922 he wed socialite Louise Cromwell Brooks (c. 1890-1965). The two divorced in 1929, and in 1937 MacArthur married Jean Faircloth (1898-2000), with whom he had one child, Arthur MacArthur IV, the following year. In 1930 President Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) named MacArthur chief of staff of the Army, with the rank of general. In this role, MacArthur sent Army troops to remove the so-called Bonus Army of unemployed World War I veterans from Washington , D.C., in 1932. The incident was a public relations disaster for MacArthur and the military. In 1935, after finishing his term as chief of staff, MacArthur was tasked with creating an armed force for the Philippines, which became a commonwealth of the United States that year (and gained independence in 1946). In 1937, upon learning he was scheduled to return for duty in the United States, MacArthur resigned from the military, stating that his mission wasn’t finished. He remained in the Philippines, where he served as a civilian advisor to President Manuel Quezon (1878-1944), who had appointed him field marshal of the Philippines. World War II In 1941, with expansionist Japan posing an increasing threat, Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and named commander of U.S. Army forces in the Far East. On December 8, 1941, his air force was destroyed in a surprise attack by the Japanese, who soon invaded the Philippines. MacArthur’s forces retreated to the Bataan peninsula, where they struggled to survive. In March 1942, on orders from President Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945), MacArthur, his family and members of his staff fled Corregidor Island in PT boats and escaped to Australia. Shortly afterward, MacArthur promised, “I shall return.” U.S.-Philippine forces fell to Japan in May 1942. In April 1942, MacArthur was appointed supreme commander of Allied forces in the Southwest Pacific and awarded the Medal of Honor for his defense of the Philippines. He spent the next two and a half years commanding an island-hopping campaign in the Pacific before famously returning to liberate the Philippines in October 1944. Wading ashore at Leyte, he announced, “I have returned. By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again on Philippine soil.” In December 1944, he was promoted to the rank of general of the Army and soon given command of all Army forces in the Pacific. On September 2, 1945, MacArthur officially accepted Japan’s surrender aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. From 1945 to 1951, as Allied commander of the Japanese occupation, MacArthur oversaw the successful demobilization of Japan’s military forces as well as the restoration of the economy, the drafting o


Who was the British Foreign Secretary who cleared Kim Philby of being the 'Third Man' in the 1955 Commons debate?

Kim Philby | Covert History Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Trinity College , Cambridge Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 1912–11 May 1988 [1] ) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union . He served as both an NKVD and KGB operative. [2] In 1963, Philby was revealed to be a member of the spy ring now known as the Cambridge Five , the other members of which were Donald Maclean , Guy Burgess , Anthony Blunt , and John Cairncross . Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviet Union. His activities were moderated only by Joseph Stalin 's fears that he was secretly on Britain's side. [3] Philby was an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) from 1946 to 1965. Contents Philby was born at Ambala in the Punjab while it was a province of British India . His father, St. John Philby , a well-known author, orientalist , and convert to Islam , [4] was a member of the Indian Civil Service and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia . Nicknamed "Kim" after the young boy in Rudyard Kipling 's novel Kim , Philby attended Aldro preparatory school . Following in the footsteps of his father, he continued to Westminster School , which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge , where he read history and economics. Whilst at Cambridge, he was treasurer of the Cambridge University Socialist Society and canvassed for the Labour candidate for Cambridge in the 1931 election. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in economics. [5] Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb – a fellow of King's College, Cambridge , and tutor in economics – introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism in Paris. The World Federation was one of innumerable fronts operated by the German communist Willi Münzenberg , a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. [6] Dobb, a Communist sympathiser, also placed Philby in contact with the Comintern underground in Vienna , Austria. Vienna Edit Whilst in Vienna, working to aid refugees from Nazi Germany, Philby met and fell in love with Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian Communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: "[a] frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. I replied £100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. She made some calculations and announced, 'That will leave you an excess of £25. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. We need it desperately.' I liked her determination." [7] He acted as a courier to Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining £75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees from the Nazis. [8] With threats of an armed uprising against the Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss (he was assassinated by Nazis the following year) and the killing of over 1,000 civilians by troops, Philby's British passport became still more valuable. Philby and Litzi Friedmann married in February 1933, enabling her to escape to the United Kingdom with Philby two months later. [8] It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart – herself, at this time, a Soviet agent – who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. [8] According to Genrikh Borovik , who worked from Soviet archives, Tudor Hart recommended Litzi and Philby in 1934. Peter Wright , former senior MI5 officer, said in his 1987 book that Litzi Friedmann was "almost certainly the person who recruited him to the Soviet cause." [9] Yuri Modin , one of the KGB controllers of the Cambridge Five, agreed: "Contrary to received opinion, it was neither Guy Burgess nor one of our own agents who lured Philby into the t


According to the proverb, what is it that pays all the debts?

92 Quotes About Debt That’ll Make You Think, Laugh, & Tweet! 92 Quotes About Debt That’ll Make You Think, Laugh, & Tweet! I love quotes.  In fact, I can’t get enough of them! A passionate quote can provoke thought, encourage laughter, or inspire thousands into action. Originally, I set out to compose a resource of famous quotes about debt to enrich my own projects, but it quickly became obvious that I needed to share this list so everyone could benefit. I didn’t want to just post a bullet point list of all the quotes, so what I did was compile those which were short enough to be quoted on Twitter. Of course, you don’t need Twitter to draw inspiration from the list! For those of you who do use Twitter here are some benefits of this list: All quotes are designed to be 120 character or less (so they can easily be RT’d by others). I’ve included a ‘Retweet This Quote’ button, which will automatically fill in your Twitter profile with the quote (you will still be able to edit and hit ‘update’ before it actually posts it). Using the button will also add a link back to this resource on the end of the shorter quotes (where there was room). Alternatively, you can just copy/paste them directly into your Twitter or Facebook clients. If you find this resource valuable, please consider sharing it with your friends!  I’d like as many people as possible to be able to use this in the future.  I’ve highlighted a couple of my favorites. Don’t forget to follow @ManVsDebt !  Here we go… So true… “Some debts are fun when you are acquiring them, but none are fun when you set about retiring them.” -Ogden Nash “Good times are when people make debts to pay in bad times.” -Robert Quinlin “What can be added to the happiness of a man who is in health, out of debt, and has a clear conscience?” -Adam Smith “It is the debtor that is ruined by hard times.” -Rutherford B. Hayes “We all think we’re going to get out of debt.” -Louie Anderson “The man who never has money enough to pay his debts has too much of something else.” -James Lendall Basford “I’m in debt. I am a true American.” -Balki Bartokomous “He who promises runs in debt.” -The Talmud “It is poor judgment to countersign another’s note, to become responsible for his debts.” -Bible “Debts are like children: the smaller they are the more noise they make.” -Spanish Proverb “Interest on debts grow without rain.” -Yiddish Proverb “There are four things every person has more of than they know; sins, debt, years, and foes.” -Persian Proverb “The only man who sticks closer to you in adversity than a friend is a creditor.” -Unknown “Before borrowing money from a friend, decide which you need most.” -American Proverb “In God we trust; all others must pay cash.” -American Proverb “Promises make debt, and debt makes promises.” -Dutch Proverb “Christmas is the season when you buy this year’s gifts with next year’s money.” -Unknown “A hundred wagon loads of thoughts will not pay a single ounce of debt.” -Italian Proverb “Running into debt isn’t so bad. It’s running into creditors that hurts.” -Unknown “A church debt is the devil’s salary.” -Henry Ward Beecher “The borrower is servant to the lender.” -The Bible Benjamin Franklin (and other dudes like him) “Rather go to bed supperless, than rise in debt.” -Benjamin Franklin “When you get in debt you become a slave.” -Andrew Jackson “Tis against some mens principle to pay interest, and seems against others interest to pay the principle.” -Benjamin Franklin “The second vice is lying, the first is running in debt.” -Benjamin Franklin “Never spend your money before you have it.” -Thomas Jefferson “Lying rides upon debt’s back.” -Benjamin Franklin “I say to you never involve yourself in debt, and become no man’s surety.” -Andrew Jackson “Creditors have better memories than debtors.” -Benjamin Franklin “Buy what thou hast no Need of and ere long thou shalt sell thy Necessaries.” -Benjamin Franklin “Live within your means, never be in debt, and by husbanding your money you can always lay it out well.” -Andrew Jackson “Those have a short Lent, who owe money to be paid


In which year did Burges and Maclean defect?

The 22nd of May 1951 AD, Burgess and Maclean Defect Burgess and Maclean Defect Oxted , Surrey The 22nd of May 1951 AD There are aspects of the spying careers of Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean that are so absurd that only two explanations of how they remained undetected for so long are possible: either British intelligence during and immediately after WWII was so riddled with Russian spies, and/or so ineffective, that they escaped detection; or they were of value as trusted conduits for information that Britain wished to feed to Stalin. British intelligence was certainly full of Russian spies. In addition to Burgess and Maclean there was Kim Philby , who remarkably even after his warning to Maclean via Burgess still managed to avoid prosecution and though forced to resign was later recruited again. Anthony Blunt , who met Burgess at Southampton when he arrived on the Queen Mary on his mission to warn Maclean, was another. John Cairncross is largely accepted as ï¿½the fifth manï¿½ though it is suspected that Roger Hollis, who eventually rose to head MI5, may also have worked for Moscow. Leo Long was another Cambridge -educated and recruited Russian agent (Hollis the only Oxford man in this list). Kim Philby in Washington became aware the British and American intelligence services were close to uncovering Maclean as a Russian spy; he had Burgess disgrace himself by drunken speeding antics so he would be ordered home and could tell Maclean to flee. It is thought Blunt devised the route (a hire car from Macleanï¿½s elegant home in Tatsfield, Surrey, the St Malo Ferry, and thence by train to Paris and Moscow). It is unclear whether the KGB wanted Burgess to accompany Maclean to Moscow, fearing he would be identified and crack under questioning; or if Burgess lost his nerve and fled without orders. The disappearance of the two men on May 25 1951 confirmed their treachery to the authorities, but they were kept out of sight in Moscow for a considerable time, and the British government only admitted the truth of their actions in 1956 after the pair surfaced there.


According to the proverb, which animal always returns to its own vomit?

2 PETER 2:22 KJV "But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog [is] turned to his own vomit again;..." - King James Version (1611) - View 1611 Bible Scan It has happened to them according to the true proverb, "A DOG RETURNS TO ITS OWN VOMIT, and, "A sow, after washing, {returns} to wallowing in the mire."" - New American Standard Version (1995) It has happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog turning to his own vomit again, and the sow that had washed to wallowing in the mire. - American Standard Version (1901) They are an example of that true saying, The dog has gone back to the food it had put out, and the pig which had been washed to its rolling in the dirty earth. - Basic English Bible But that [word] of the true proverb has happened to them: [The] dog [has] turned back to his own vomit; and, [The] washed sow to [her] rolling in mud. - Darby Bible But it hath happened to them according to the true proverb, The dog is turned to his own vomit again; and, The sow that was washed, to her wallowing in the mire. - Webster's Bible Their case is that described in the true proverb, "A dog returns to what he has vomited," and also in the other proverb, "The sow has washed itself and now goes back to roll in its filth." - Weymouth Bible But it has happened to them according to the true proverb, "The dog turns to his own vomit again," and "the sow that has washed to wallowing in the mire." - World English Bible For thilke very prouerb bifelde to hem, The hound turnede ayen to his castyng, and a sowe is waischun in walwyng in fenne. - Wycliffe Bible and happened to them hath that of the true similitude; `A dog did turn back upon his own vomit,' and, `A sow having bathed herself -- to rolling in mire.' - Youngs Literal Bible


By what name is the 16th century painter Domenikos Theotokopoulos better known?

El Greco | The Metropolitan Museum of Art Exhibition dates: October 7, 2003-January 11, 2004 Exhibition location: Special exhibition galleries, second floor Press preview: Monday, September 29, 10:00 a.m. - noon The first major retrospective in more than 20 years devoted to the great 16th-century painter Domenikos Theotokopoulos (1541-1614) – known to posterity as El Greco – will open at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on October 7, 2003. One of the most original artists of his age, El Greco was celebrated for his highly expressive and visionary religious paintings. The international loan exhibition's approximately 80 works include an unsurpassed selection of his psychologically compelling portraits, as well as his rare incursions into landscape, genre, mythology, and sculpture. Particular emphasis will be placed on his late works, in which mystical content, expressive distortions, and monumental scale are taken to ever greater extremes, culminating in the Adoration of Shepherds, the spectacular nine-foot-tall painting created to decorate his own tomb. All aspects of the artist's activity will be explored, from his beginnings as an icon painter in his native Crete, to his move to Venice and Rome and his study of Italian art, to his definitive move to Toledo, Spain, and his creation of a uniquely personal and deeply spiritual style. His work has sometimes been associated with the great mystics of Counter-Reformation Spain, but his paintings have had a profound influence on the protagonists of 20th-century modernism, including Pablo Picasso and Jackson Pollock. El Greco will remain on view at the Metropolitan through January 11, 2004. The exhibition is funded by the Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Foundation in celebration of its 25th Anniversary. The exhibition has been organized by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and The National Gallery, London. "In his own time," stated Philippe de Montebello, Director of the Metropolitan Museum, "El Greco's highly personal style – with its dematerialization of the figure and its expressive effects of light and color – was without precedent and often astonished his contemporaries. Yet it is only in the last 150 years that he has come to be appreciated as one of the great creative geniuses of Western art. This landmark gathering of his works, which has been organized by an international team of scholars, builds on the last major El Greco exhibition of 1982 with a greater focus on the artist's late and most mystical phase, and the philosophical and religious thought that informed it." A unique synthesis of late medieval Byzantine traditions and the art of the Italian Renaissance, El Greco's art sought to create a new and spiritually more intense relationship between viewer and image. Although he established a large and productive workshop in Toledo, he founded no school, and for almost two centuries following his death his works were decried for their extravagance—except for his astonishing portraits, which Velÿzquez took as his model. A sympathetic interest in his art was the product of the 19th-century Romantic movement's new emphasis on individual expression and extremes of emotion. Since then El Greco's creative stature has never been challenged. Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin saw themselves as his artistic heirs. More recently, his works have inspired the expressive abstractions of generations of 20th-century painters. The 1982 exhibition of his works was seen in Madrid, Washington, Toledo, Ohio, and Dallas. The Dormition of the Virgin (Syros, Church of the Dormition) and St. Luke Painting the Virgin (Athens, Benaki Museum) are among the rare, early works documenting El Greco's first training as a painter of religious icons in his birthplace of Crete. The archaizing abstractions of these images – based on late medieval prototypes – reflect his country's continuing reverence for the Byzantine traditions of its Greek heritage. The style and sacred function of Byzantine icons, which rejected mimesis in favor of an attempt to mystically embody the living presence of


Which Australian river forms most of the boundary between New South Wales and Victoria?

Murray River | river, Australia | Britannica.com Murray River list of Australian politicians Murray River, principal river of Australia and main stream of the Murray-Darling Basin. It flows some 1,572 miles (2,530 km) across southeastern Australia from the Snowy Mountains to the Great Australian Bight of the Indian Ocean . The main towns in the Murray River valley are Albury, Wodonga, Echuca , Swan Hill , Mildura, Renmark , and Murray Bridge . The river is named after Colonial Secretary Sir George Murray. Murray River, South Australia. age fotostock/SuperStock Physical features Although the Murray-Darling Basin has a total catchment area of some 409,835 square miles (1,061,469 square km), the Murray’s average annual discharge is only 31 cubic feet (0.89 cubic metre) per second, and in places it has dried up on at least three occasions. The river rises on The Pilot (a mountain), near Mount Kosciuszko in southeastern New South Wales . It flows west and northwest, passes through Hume Reservoir above Albury , and forms most of the boundary between New South Wales and Victoria . At Morgan, S.Aus., it bends sharply southward to flow through Lake Alexandrina to Encounter Bay on the Great Australian Bight. For most of its course through South Australia (250 miles [400 km]), the river is bordered by a narrow floodplain and flows between cliffs 100 feet (30 metres) high. Its upper 200 miles (320 km) cut through mountainous terrain. The central section, however, lies on a broad and mature floodplain, with the Riverina plains of New South Wales to the north and the plains of northern Victoria to the south. Its principal tributaries are the Darling , Murrumbidgee , Mitta Mitta, Ovens, Goulburn , Campaspe , and Loddon rivers. Economy and water management The Murray-Darling Basin , occupying about one-seventh of Australia’s area, is of immense economic significance, lying across the great wheat-sheep belt in its climatically most reliable section. During the second half of the 19th century, river shipping was of great importance, but, with growing competition from railways and demand for irrigation water (first used at Mildura in 1886), navigation practically ceased. The basin has by far Australia’s greatest area of irrigated crops and pastures, some 3.6 million acres (1.5 million hectares), more than 70 percent of the national total. It is the country’s second largest wine-producing region; other major products include cattle, sheep, grains, and fruit. The Murray River at Echuca, Victoria, Austl. Nathan Hurst Murray River - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The chief river of Australia, the Murray, flows 1,609 miles (2,589 kilometers) from the Snowy Mountains to the Great Australian Bight of the Indian Ocean. It rises near Mount Kosciuszko in southeastern New South Wales and flows northwestward to form the border between Victoria and New South Wales. At Morgan, South Australia, it bends southward and flows through Lake Alexandrina to Encounter Bay, 40 miles (64 kilometers) east of Adelaide on Australia’s south coast. The Murray’s main tributaries are the Darling and the Murrumbidgee-an Aboriginal word meaning "big waters." The Murray-Darling River system, as it is sometimes called, stretches over approximately 2,300 miles (3,700 kilometers) and passes through mountains and floodplains. The main towns along the Murray are Albury, Echuca, Swan Hill, Mildura, Renmark, and Murray Bridge. Article History


What was the brand name of the unsuccessful Ford car that was named after Henry Ford's son?

History of Ford 1970 to today Irish roots of the Ford family Henry Ford’s father William Ford (1826–1905), was born in County Cork. Henry was particularly proud of the fact that both his father and his maternal foster grandfather were men from Cork.   The family initially settled in Co. Cork during the latter half of the sixteenth century. At the time, Queen Elizabeth I granted some 600,000 acres of confiscated land to English gentlemen, prompting the Ford family to leave Somerset, England and join other Protestant settlers in the Irish province of Munster.   John Ford, Henry’s grandfather, lived in the family home on the Madame Estate in Crohane, Ballinascarthy. But in 1847, at the height of the Famine, John was forced to uproot his family and make the gruelling voyage from Queenstown (Cobh) to Quebec. William, then 21 years old, also joined the family on the trip, which his mother, Tomasine Smith Ford – Henry Ford’s grandmother – did not survive. Cork connections help build a new life From there, the Fords travelled to America, where John's three brothers emigrated in the 1830s. The arduous journey finally ended in Dearborn, Michigan, where in 1848, John bought an eight-acre farm from a fellow Cork man called Henry Maybury.   William worked both on his father's farm and as a hired farm hand and carpenter for several years. One of his occasional employers was another Cork man named Patrick Ahern who originally hailed from Fair Lane, Cork city. William met and fell in love with Ahern’s foster daughter, Mary Litogot (1839-1876).   The two married on April 21, 1861, and it was agreed that the newlyweds would live at Fair Lane with Patrick and his wife, Margaret Ahern. On July 30, 1863, Mary gave birth to the Ford’s first son, Henry.   The Ford family continued to live with Henry’s grandparents and by all accounts, this arrangement was a happy one during the future automaker’s early years. As a result, Henry grew up in the typically hard-working, agricultural environment of the area.   Life dramatically changed however, when his grandmother Ahern died in 1870 and then only six years later, on March 29, Henry's mother Mary died following childbirth.   Henry's father William was a quiet-speaking, hard-working man and expected his eldest son to take an interest in the farm. But Henry did not like farm work; he was a boy with a vision of his own. So, at 16 years of age and just three years after his mother's death, Henry left the farm for the city.   Grandfather Ahern remained on the farm for another three years until his death in 1882. Henry’s grandfather clearly had a huge impact on him and Henry would later famously name his Dearborn home Fair Lane. Henry Ford journeys back to Irish shores In the summer of 1912, Henry Ford made an important trip to reconnect with his Irish roots. Escorted most of the time by European Ford officials, Henry and his travelling party also visited France and England.    While in Ireland they spent time in Cork, Bandon, and Clonakilty. And on August 8, 1912, 65 years after John and William had departed for America; the Fords arrived back in Queenstown.   This trip is thought to have inspired Henry and his wife, Clara Bryant Ford, to trace their ancestors. It also seems Henry attempted to buy the old Ford homestead, which he wanted to transport to America and rebuild near his home. Unfortunately, the asking price was too high. But Henry did eventually manage to acquire the hearthstones, which were incorporated in his home at Fair Lane.   On another trip to Ireland in 1917, Henry Ford established Henry Ford & Son Ltd. It began as a private venture and later became a division of Ford Motor Company.   As Ford historian Bob Kreipke explains: "Henry Ford’s family roots drew him to Ireland. He knew what he was able to do socially and economically in the United States, and he figured he could apply that model to the depressed area of Cork."   For many of the Ford family descendents the interest in their Irish roots remains strong. Edsel Ford II and his family visited the old homestead in Cork in 2004. The


What was the forename of William Shakespeare's son?

William Shakespeare - British History - HISTORY.com William Shakespeare A+E Networks Introduction Considered the greatest English-speaking writer in history and known as England’s national poet, William Shakespeare (1564-1616) has had more theatrical works performed than any other playwright. To this day, countless theater festivals around the world honor his work, students memorize his eloquent poems and scholars reinterpret the million words of text he composed. They also hunt for clues about the life of the man who inspires such “bardolatry” (as George Bernard Shaw derisively called it), much of which remains shrouded in mystery. Born into a family of modest means in Elizabethan England, the “Bard of Avon” wrote at least 37 plays and a collection of sonnets, established the legendary Globe theater and helped transform the English language. Google Shakespeare’s Childhood and Family Life William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, a bustling market town 100 miles northwest of London, and baptized there on April 26, 1564. His birthday is traditionally celebrated on April 23, which was the date of his death in 1616 and is the feast day of St. George, the patron saint of England. Shakespeare’s father, John, dabbled in farming, wood trading, tanning, leatherwork, money lending and other occupations; he also held a series of municipal positions before falling into debt in the late 1580s. The ambitious son of a tenant farmer, John boosted his social status by marrying Mary Arden, the daughter of an aristocratic landowner. Like John, she may have been a practicing Catholic at a time when those who rejected the newly established Church of England faced persecution. Did You Know? Sources from William Shakespeare's lifetime spell his last name in more than 80 different ways, ranging from “Shappere” to “Shaxberd.” In the handful of signatures that have survived, he himself never spelled his name “William Shakespeare,” using variations such as “Willm Shakspere” and “William Shakspeare” instead. William was the third of eight Shakespeare children, of whom three died in childhood. Though no records of his education survive, it is likely that he attended the well-regarded local grammar school, where he would have studied Latin grammar and classics. It is unknown whether he completed his studies or abandoned them as an adolescent to apprentice with his father. At 18 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway (1556-1616), a woman eight years his senior, in a ceremony thought to have been hastily arranged due to her pregnancy. A daughter, Susanna, was born less than seven months later in May 1583. Twins Hamnet and Judith followed in February 1585. Susanna and Judith would live to old age, while Hamnet, Shakespeare’s only son, died at 11. As for William and Anne, it is believed that the couple lived apart for most of the year while the bard pursued his writing and theater career in London. It was not until the end of his life that Shakespeare moved back in with Anne in their Stratford home. Shakespeare’s Lost Years and Early Career To the dismay of his biographers, Shakespeare disappears from the historical record between 1585, when his twins’ baptism was recorded, and 1592, when the playwright Robert Greene denounced him in a pamphlet as an “upstart crow” (evidence that he had already made a name for himself on the London stage). What did the newly married father and future literary icon do during those seven “lost” years? Historians have speculated that he worked as a schoolteacher, studied law, traveled across continental Europe or joined an acting troupe that was passing through Stratford. According to one 17th-century account, he fled his hometown after poaching deer from a local politician’s estate. Whatever the answer, by 1592 Shakespeare had begun working as an actor, penned several plays and spent enough time in London to write about its geography, culture and diverse personalities with great authority. Even his earliest works evince knowledge of European affairs and foreign countries, familiarity with the royal court and general


On which island did 'James Bond' confront actress Ursula Andress and villain 'Dr. No'?

Dr No Dr No Certificate: pg Synopsis Sean Connery effortlessly stepped into the bespoke shoes of novelist Ian Fleming's James Bond in the first film of what would become the world's most successful cinema franchise. Pitted against pincer-handed megalomaniac Dr Julius No (Joseph Wiseman), Connery established 007 as a ruthless womaniser, ice-cool killer and sardonic cynic while the movie cast a template - Ursula Andress's bikinied Bond girl, Wiseman's over-ambitious villain and Monty Norman's Bond theme - which has held up for decades. Director "I admire your luck, Mr...? "Bond. James Bond." These immortal lines uttered during a game of chemin-de-fer (which he won, naturally) established both Sean Connery and the character of 007 at the beginning of a world-beating sequence of cinema successes that would see Bond reinvented by no less than six actors. Connery, a onetime coffin polisher, milkman and sailor, had enjoyed limited big screen success as a deckhand on the Titanic in A Night To Remember, a squaddie in The Longest Day and the hardman role of Johnny Kates in Hell Drivers. At the time - 1961 - the Bond novels did not enjoy mainstream popularity so the film's producers originally opted for a big name - Cary Grant turned them down - before settling on the untested Connery. They made the right choice. Despite his Scottish working class background, Connery slid easily into the role of the suave, sophisticated spy who was quite happy to kill in cold blood if the situation demanded it. Or even if it didn't. His first cinematic mission saw him despatched by MI6 chief M (Bernard Lee) to Jamaica to investigate the murder of a British agent. Hardly had the superspy-in-waiting touched down when he claimed his first victim - a henchman of Dr No (Wiseman) posing as a government chauffeur - bites into a strychnine-laced cigarette when Bond finds him out. Hooking up with CIA agent Felix Leiter (Hawaii's Five-O's Jack Lord), Bond becomes suspicious about the goings-on at the mysterious Crab Key, an island feared by the locals and home of the reclusive Dr No. However, it seems that Dr No is also interested in 007. He sends his henchman Professor Dent (Anthony Dawson) to kill the inquisitive spy...and Bond narrowly escapes death-by-tarantula-bite. During a second attempt, Dent is caught out by Bond who has counted the number of slugs pumped into a pile of pillows 007 has used as a decoy. "That's a Smith & Wesson and you've had your six," Bond observes...and executes him with a shot to the chest. Landing on Crab Key, Bond beholds the now iconic scene of Ursula's Andress's conch-collector Honey Ryder emerging from the sea. (her singing voice for Underneath The Mango Tree was dubbed by British actress Diana Coupland, who is most famous for the TV comedy Bless This House). Captured by Dr No, Honey and Bond as imprisoned in his lair where - over dinner - the villain reveals himself to be a member of SPECTRE - SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion) and has plans to disrupt the US rocket launches at Cape Canaveral. All the ingredients that would make the Bond franchise a going concern are present and (politically in-)correct. Apart from the perfect casting of Connery, there's the gun-barrel opening sequence, the concept of "The Bond Girl", the Ken Adam-designed super-sets and even 007's predeliction for a vodka martini "shaken, not stirred." There's also the first mention of SPECTRE and Wiseman's villain - who lost both his hands in a radiation accident and had them replaced with statuette-crushing steel talons - was a chilling blueprint for that most enticing of roles: the Bond villain. Of course, it's dated - a Sunbeam Alpine isn't exactly cutting edge transport - but the elegant playboy spy with just a whiff of danger was clearly here to stay. As Bond says "World domination. The same old dream. Our asylums are full of people who think they're Naploeon. Or God." For the next half century he was about to find out. Tim Evans


The Ebro is the second largest river in which country?

Ebro River | river, Spain | Britannica.com Ebro River Alternative Titles: Hiberus River, Iberus River, Río Ebro Related Topics Tortosa Ebro River, Spanish Río Ebro, Latin Iberus or Hiberus, river , the longest in Spain . The Ebro rises in springs at Fontibre near Reinosa in the Cantabrian Mountains , in the Cantabria province of northern Spain. It flows for 565 miles (910 km) in a southeasterly course to its delta on the Mediterranean coast in Tarragona province, midway between Barcelona and Valencia. The Ebro has the greatest discharge of any Spanish river, and its drainage basin, at 33,000 square miles (85,500 square km), is the largest in Spain; the river drains about one-sixth of the country. Because it plunges through the coastal mountain ranges by a series of deep gorges and defiles, the Ebro is navigable upstream for only 15 miles (25 km), from its delta to the city of Tortosa . Ebro River at Miranda de Ebro, Spain. Juanjo Toreador The Ebro’s interior basin is arid, poor, and sparsely populated. Irrigation has been intensified there since the mid-20th century—though it is still limited to the main floodplains in the middle reaches of the river between Tudela, Navarra , and Zaragoza (site of the Imperial Canal system, begun in the 16th century) and to the interfluves on the north-central plain around Caspe—and is augmented by the Lodosa and Tauste canals. The modern networks of irrigation canals between the Bárdenas project and the Monegros and Cinca valleys are impressive. The upper part of the Ebro River basin, the Rioja Alta, around Logroño , gives its name to the Rioja wine produced there. The Ebro River receives water from more than 200 tributaries. Those on the left bank (including the Segre-Cinca, Gállego, and Aragón rivers), which originate in the rainy Pyrenees , contribute the overwhelming majority of the Ebro’s volume; the right-bank tributaries are smaller and originate in the Iberian Cordillera. The largest tributaries have been utilized for hydroelectric power and irrigation. A system of major dams produces a significant portion of Spain ’s hydroelectric power, chiefly in the upper La Noguera valleys. Extensive lignite deposits in the southeastern, or lower, part of the basin are used to produce thermoelectric power.


On the shores of which lake does the town of Lucerne stand?

What does LAKE LUCERNE stand for? Term » Abbr. Word in Term We've got 0 definitions for LAKE LUCERNE » What does LAKE LUCERNE stand for? What does LAKE LUCERNE mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: LAKE LUCERNE. We couldn't find any results for your search. Couldn't find the right meaning of LAKE LUCERNE? Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: ... or use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web! What does LAKE LUCERNE mean? Lake Lucerne Lake Lucerne is a lake in central Switzerland and the fourth largest in the country. The lake has a complicated shape, with bends and arms reaching from the city of Lucerne into the mountains. It has a total area of 114 km², an elevation of 434 m, and a maximum depth of 214 m. Its volume is 11.8 km³. Much of the shoreline rises steeply into mountains up to 1,500 m above the lake, resulting in many picturesque views including those of Mount Rigi and Mount Pilatus. The Reuss River enters the lake at Flüelen and exits at Lucerne. The lake also receives the Muota Engelberger Aa, the Sarner Aa. It is possible to circumnavigate the lake by road, though the route is slow, twisted, and goes through tunnels part of the way. Steamers and other passenger boats ply between the different towns on the lake. It is a popular tourist destination, both for native Swiss and foreigners, and there are many hotels and resorts along the shores. In addition, the meadow of the Rütli, traditional site of the founding of the Swiss Confederation, is on the southeast shore of the lake. A 35 km commemorative walkway, the Swiss Path, was built around the lake to celebrate the country's 700th anniversary. Discuss these LAKE LUCERNE abbreviations with the community: Know the definition for LAKE LUCERNE ? Know the meaning of LAKE LUCERNE ? Don't keep it to yourself! Add it HERE!


Who in the 'thunderbirds' puppet series, is the 'Space Monitor'?

Thunderbirds (TV Series 1960–1966) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error In the 21st century, the Tracy family operate a unique private mechanized emergency response service. Creators: The Hood plants a bomb aboard the Fireflash. Can International Rescue bring the airliner down without using its landing gear? 8.2 After Thunderbird 2 is heavily damaged in a mistaken attack, it leaves the team seemingly without a swift means to transport TB4 to New York City when a news crew is trapped underneath the collapsed ... 7.9 Lady Penelope is taken hostage by the evil Dr. Godber while helping Sir Jeremy Hodge investigate the disappearance of Professor Borender, who has developed a means of making rocket fuel out of water. 7.8 a list of 21 titles created 31 Jul 2012 a list of 40 titles created 12 Dec 2012 a list of 36 titles created 01 Nov 2013 a list of 30 titles created 13 May 2014 a list of 40 titles created 6 months ago Search for " Thunderbirds " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Gerry Anderson's third SF supermarionation saga told the adventures of the WASPs (the World Aquanaut Security Patrol) as they explored the oceans and kept the world safe from a variety of ... See full summary  » Stars: Ray Barrett, Robert Easton, David Graham A literally unkillable agent leads an international intelligence agency's fight against an extra-terrestrial terror campaign. Stars: Francis Matthews, Ed Bishop, Donald Gray The International Rescue team is faced with one of its toughest challenges yet, as the revolutionary lighter-than-air craft Skyship One is hijacked while on her maiden voyage around the ... See full summary  » Director: David Lane The adventures of a preteen secret agent who can have any useful skills downloaded into his brain. Stars: Len Jones, Rupert Davies, Keith Alexander Thunderbirds Are Go (TV Series 2015) Animation | Action | Adventure In the future, the Tracy family run a private mechanized emergency response service. Stars: Thomas Brodie-Sangster, Rasmus Hardiker, Kayvan Novak When The Hood finds and invades International Rescue's secret base and traps most of the Tracy family, only young Alan Tracy and his friends can save the day. Director: Jonathan Frakes Fireball XL5 was part of the fleet of interplanetary rockets protecting Sector 25 of the Solar System from alien invasion under the supervision of the World Space Patrol. In command of XL5 ... See full summary  » Stars: Paul Maxwell, Sylvia Anderson, David Graham Gerry Anderson's first science fiction Supermarionation series. Super Car was a prototype vehicle that could travel in the air, on land or beneath the sea. Its test pilot was Mike Mercury, ... See full summary  » Stars: David Graham, Graydon Gould, Sylvia Anderson In the year 2020 Earth is under threat from Martian androids who want revenge on the human race. They consist of Zelda, her son Yung-star and her sister called Cy-star. An organisation is ... See full summary  » Stars: Jeremy Hitchen, Denise Bryer, Anne Ridler Camberwick Green (TV Series 1966) Animation | Family Iconic British children's animated series set in the fictional, picturesque village of the title. Each episode opens with a character emerging from a music box and they will be the central character of the forthcoming story. Stars: Brian Cant Children's animation from the 'Smallfilms' team of Postgate and Firmin. In the 'top, left hand corner of Wales' runs an archaic railway line staffed by such characters as Jones the Steam ... See full summary  » Stars: Olwen Griffiths, Anthony Jackson, Oliver Postgate The Wombles (TV Series 1973) Animation | Family The misadventures of a fantasy folk community dedicated to cleaning up litter and put it to their own use. Stars: Bernard Cribbins, Dieter Hallervorden Edi


In the Bible, who demanded the head of 'John the Baptist'?

Salome | stepdaughter of Herod Antipas | Britannica.com stepdaughter of Herod Antipas John Hyrcanus I Salome, (flourished 1st century ad), according to the Jewish historian Josephus, the daughter of Herodias and stepdaughter of Herod Antipas , tetrarch (ruler appointed by Rome) of Galilee , a region in Palestine. In Biblical literature she is remembered as the immediate agent in the execution of John the Baptist . Josephus states that she was twice married, first to the tetrarch Philip (a half brother of her father, Herod , and a son of Herod I the Great) and then to Aristobulus (son of Herod of Chalcis). She is not to be confused with Salome, sister of Herod I the Great. Salome presenting the head of John the Baptist to her mother, Herodias, bronze relief panel by … MM According to the Gospels of Mark (6:14–29) and Matthew (14:1–12), Herod Antipas had imprisoned John the Baptist for condemning his marriage to Herodias, the divorced wife of his half brother Herod Philip (the marriage violated Mosaic Law), but Herod was afraid to have the popular prophet killed. Nevertheless, when Salome danced before Herod and his guests at a festival, he promised to give her whatever she asked. Prompted by her mother, Herodias, who was infuriated by John’s condemnation of her marriage, the girl demanded the head of John the Baptist on a platter, and the unwilling Herod was forced by his oath to have John beheaded. Salome took the platter with John’s head and gave it to her mother. This story proved popular in Christian art from an early period and became especially popular during the Renaissance, exemplified by the work of the painter Masolino da Panicale . Salome has also been strikingly portrayed by the 19th-century artists Gustave Moreau and Aubrey Beardsley . Oscar Wilde’s one-act play Salomé (published in 1893, first performed in 1896) was translated by Hedwig Lachmann as the libretto for Richard Strauss’s one-act opera of the same name (first produced in 1905), in which Herod is portrayed as lusting after Salome, while Salome, in her turn, desires John the Baptist; she finally satisfies her corrupt wishes by kissing the lips of the severed head of John, who had spurned her. Hence, Salome has become an erotic symbol in art, and it is likely that it is her provocative “Dance of the Seven Veils” in the Strauss opera that most people connect with her name, although no such dance is mentioned in the Bible. Learn More in these related articles:


From which fruit is the drink Kirsch made?

DIY vs. Buy: How to Make Cherry Liqueur | Serious Eats DIY vs. Buy: How to Make Cherry Liqueur DIY Cherry Liqueur The first time I tried cherry liqueur, I thought it tasted like cough syrup. For years, I avoided anything made with the stuff because I don't want my cocktails to remind me of sick children. Then one day I ordered a Singapore Sling without really knowing what was in it. When I found out that cherry liqueur played a big part in making this drink so good, I realized that maybe I had stereotyped all cherry liqueurs because of one that was particularly bad (and probably cheap). Prejudice erased, I soon started splashing a little cherry liqueur in everything from Manhattans to Sangria. I went a little nuts at the roadside cherry stands this summer, so once I saw I had more cherries than my freezer and I knew what to do with, I knew it was time to experiment with my own cherry liqueur. What's Available to Buy? When you're buying cherry liqueur, you have to pay attention or you may end up with the wrong thing. Cherry liqueur is sweetened and can be made with any type of spirit base. Brandy is the most common, so cherry liqueur is often called cherry brandy. Then there's kirsch or kirschwasser, which is an unsweetened eau de vie distilled from cherries. But sometimes kirsch is called cherry brandy. You can't use kirsch and cherry liqueur interchangeably, since one is sweet and the other isn't. Despite the somewhat confusing name game, it's actually not difficult to know if you have the right bottle in your hand. Kirsch, the unsweetened eau de vie, is clear in color, while liqueurs will be dark. Cherry Heering is my favorite cherry liqueur, and it's not hard to find for about $25 or $30 a bottle. It's made with real cherries and it actually tastes like cherries. There are also more affordable options from Bols and Hiram Walker, but now that I make my own, I haven't been tempted. Why DIY? Cherry Heering tastes great and is made with real fruit, so the reason to DIY isn't because good commercial cherry liqueur doesn't exist. But it's fun to turn a basket of local fruit into something delicious that you can drink for months to come. While I'm certainly not going to age my liqueur in oak casks in the garage, I can make a complex and fruity liqueur using my trusty steeping jar. Making your own cherry liqueur is a simple and inexpensive way to expand your home cocktail repertoire. Cherry liqueur wasn't one of my home bar staples, so once I decided to make my own I was surprised by all the recipes I had previously missed out on trying. Get the Recipe DIY Cherry Liqueur » Use It! You can sip your cherry liqueur on the rocks, or splash it in some sparkling wine or seltzer. Add it to some cola for a delicious and slightly alcoholic version of Cherry Coke, or use it to add depth to a sangria. With a little tasting and adjusting, you can use homemade cherry liqueur in recipes that call for Cherry Heering or cherry brandy. The Singapore Sling is the drink that won me over—it's fun and fruity without being syrupy sweet or unbalanced. Another delightful drink is the Buck's Fizz , which is like a Mimosa with a little cherry liqueur and gin added in to make it even better. Like cherries themselves, cherry liqueur goes really well with the brown liquors. So try a Blood and Sand made with Scotch or a Whitfield Takes Manhattan , which is a fun twist on the classic Manhattan. Another Manhattan-inspired option is Remember the Maine , which adds a little absinthe to spice things up.


Giro d'Italia | Sport | The Guardian Giro d'Italia Full coverage for all years of the Giro d'Italia October 2016 As the 99th Giro d’Italia comes to an end, we take a look back at the best images from the final six stages of the race Published: 29 May 2016 Vincenzo Nibali cemented his reputation as one of the great grand tour riders when he claimed his second Giro d’Italia title in vintage fashion on Sunday Published: 29 May 2016 Vincenzo Nibali grabbed the pink jersey off the back of Esteban Chaves after a dramatic penultimate stage 20 to Vinadio, which was won by Estonia’s Rein Taaramae Published: 28 May 2016 Italy’s Vincenzo Nibali won stage 19 of the Giro d’Italia but Esteban Chaves’s third-placed finish saw him take the pink jersey from Steven Kruijswijk Published: 27 May 2016 Two-time Giro d’Italia winner Ivan Basso, who withdrew from this year’s Tour de France after revealing he had testicular cancer, has been given the all-clear following treatment, his Tinkoff-Saxo team has said. Published: 24 Sep 2015 The German André Greipel finished inches ahead of Sky’s Elia Viviani while Edvald Boasson Hagen retained the overall lead Published: 12 Sep 2015 After success in Tour de France, plans for a high-altitude training centre and regional team raise expectations in the country where cycling is like a religion Published: 17 Aug 2015 The Tour de France runner-up Nairo Quintana is to race in the Vuelta a España alongside his Movistar team-mate Alejandro Valverde Published: 3 Aug 2015 Guardian Sport Network Alberto Contador and the history of the Giro d'Italia-Tour de France double No one has won the Giro d’Italia and Tour de France in the same year since Marco Pantani sailed up the Champs-Élysées in 1998. Will Alberto Contador emulate his achievement this month and become the eighth double winner in history? Published: 6 Jul 2015


In the Bible, who's wife was turned into a pillar of salt?

Who saw Lot's wife become pillar of salt? Submit questions   -   New Articles QUESTION: Did anyone witness Lot's wife becoming a pillar of salt when she looked back at Sodom ? ANSWER: In regard to anyone seeing Lot's wife becoming salt we sometimes have to simply trust God and the Bible . We could ask a question like this one such as: Who saw God create the universe , all life and even the first man? Another Biblical example is that we have no written eyewitness accounts of a great fish swallowing Jonah or of the same fish being seen spitting him out on some beach three days later. It all comes down to faith. Lot's wife did not merely take a quick glance behind her to see the destruction of the cities. The English word "look" used to describe her action in Genesis 19:17 and 26, comes from the Hebrew nabat ( Strong's Concordance #H5027), which means to look intently at in a favorable manner. In short, she turned to longingly and (no doubt) regretfully witness the destruction of the places she really liked. Lot's wife's attitude about Sodom, and the willingness to minimize or overlook the gross sins and self-destructive behavior occurring where she resided, may have rubbed off on her daughters. It could have played a part in their willingness, just a short time after Sodom's demise, to do whatever it took to ensure they would have children (see Genesis 19:30 - 38). Lot, not suprisingly, hesitated as he left Sodom. The two angels , who were sent to escourt Lot and his family out of Sodom before its destruction, had to grab their hands and lead them quickly out of harm's way. As they dashed out of 'sin city' the angels told the family 'Run for your lives! DON'T LOOK BACK and don't stop in the valley.' (Genesis 19:17). When the family reached the small town of Zoar , just as the sun was rising, 'Suddenly the Lord rained burning sulfur on the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah . . .' (Genesis 19:24). It was then that the wife of Lot turned to look at what was happening and became a pillar of salt (verse 26). Lot's wife stopped running away from the city just long enough to turn around and view the destruction of where she use to live. As she stood amazed at what she saw, many Bible commentaries agree some of the burning or molten sulphur (translated as " brimstone " in the KJV Bible ) likely fell on her from the sky and crystallized her into a salt pillar.


"Who was the composer of the Oratorio, ""The Dream Of Gerontius""?"

The Dream of Gerontius, oratorio… | Details | AllMusic google+ Description               by Wayne Reisig "This, if anything of mine, is worth your memory," wrote Edward Elgar (quoting Ruskin) regarding his oratorio The Dream of Gerontius. The composer, often self-deprecating about even his most ambitious works, felt that this effort, inspired by a poem of Cardinal Newman , represented his finest music. Elgar received a copy of Newman's poem as a wedding present from his priest, and it struck a particular chord with him; in fact, the poem -- which explained Roman Catholic theological views on the immortal soul in an accessible manner -- had a tremendous vogue in the late Victorian era. Elgar edited the text down to about half its orginal size for the sake of musical economy, but he managed to do so without altering the essence of the poem. The 1900 premiere under Richter at the Birmingham Festival was marred by insufficient rehearsal, but at its German premiere a year later it was hailed as a masterpiece. Subsequent British performances quickly established the work in the repertory. The central character of Gerontius is an imperfect, yet decent, man who is riddled with doubts on his deathbed. An angel comes to him during his last moments to give him a glimpse of the afterlife, culminating in an overwhelming vision of God. Gently the angel returns his ward to a death which will now be a peaceful transition. The prelude to the oratorio commences with a fade-in, as a candle's light would gradually illuminate a dark room. Here the hesitating, vague rhythm would seem to represent the labored breathing of the dying man. A typically Elgar ian martial theme emerges, in major but quickly souring into anguished minor, evoking a crisis of faith. Part One of the oratorio proper commences; it consists of a dialogue between Gerontius, alternately offering supplication and despairing, and the clerical assistants, praying for his soul. Hope is found in the buoyant and noble "Proficisere" of the priest ("Go upon thy journey, Christian soul!"), in Elgar 's nobilmente mode, answered by the chorus of assistants and subsiding to a serene close. Part Two commences, again nebulous but purged of torment, as Gerontius' soul speculates on this strange new existence and is joined by his angel who will lead him to the Almighty. They travel past the underworld, depicted in the "Demon's Chorus" by a restless, shadowy fugue punctuated by grotesque laughter. The angel assures the soul that they are past their harm, and presently they come before the choir of angels, depicted in the work's most glorious music, "Praise to the Holiest." This ethereal and childlike section is usually performed by a children's chorus. The soul is brought before God, inspiring uncomprehending awe; at this point comes Gerontius' moving aria, "Take me away." The angel soothes Gerontius and returns him to a gentler leave-taking, as the oratorio comes to a serene, transfigured close with "The Angel's Farewell," perhaps Elgar 's most sensitive music. Parts/Movements No. 2, Jesu Maria, I am near to death No. 3, Kyrie eleison No. 4, Rouse thee, my fainting soul No. 5, Sanctus fortis No. 6, I can no more No. 7, Rescue him, O Lord No. 8, Proficiscere, anima Christiana No. 9, Go in the name of Angels No. 10, I went to sleep No. 11, It is a member of that family No. 12a, Low-born clods of brute earth No. 12b, Dispossessed, aside thrust No. 13, I see not those false spirits No. 14, Praise to the Holiest No. 15a, But hark! a grand mysterious harmony No. 15b, Praise to the Holiest No. 16, Thy judgement now is near No. 17, Jesu! by that shuddering dread No. 18, Take me away No. 19, Lord, Thou hast been our refuge No. 20, Softly and gently Appears On


Who wrote the 1944 play, 'The Man Who Had All The Luck'?

The Play in Review The Play in Review By BROOKS ATKINSON ith the production of "All My Sons," at the Coronet last evening, the theatre has acquired a genuine new talent. Arthur Miller, who wrote "The Man Who Had All the Luck" in 1944, brings something fresh and exciting into the drama. He has written an honest, forceful drama about a group of people caught up in a monstrous swindle that has caused the death of twenty-one Army pilots because of defectively manufactured cylinder heads. Told against the single setting of an ordinary American backyard, it is a pitiless analysis of character that gathers momentum all evening and concludes with both logic and dramatic impact. Mr. Miller's talent is many-sided. Writing pithy yet unselfconscious dialogue, he has created his character vividly, plucking them out of the run of American society, but presenting them as individuals with hearts and minds of their own. He is also a skillful technician. His drama is a piece of expert dramatic construction. Mr. Miller has woven his characters into a tangle of plot that springs naturally out of the circumstances of life today. Having set the stage, he drives the play along by natural crescendo to a startling and terrifying climax. Fortunately, "All My Sons" is produced and directed by people who value it and who have given it a taut and pulsing performance with actors of sharp and knowing intelligence. It is always gratifying to see old hands succeed in the theatre. But there is something uncommonly exhilarating in the spectacle of a new writer bringing unusual gifts to the theatre under the sponsorship of a director with taste and enthusiasm. In the present instance, the director is Elia Kazan. "All My Sons" is the drama of one crucial day in the life of the Kellers, who live "in the outskirts of an American town." It is Sunday. Mr. Keller and his neighbors are beginning the day languidly in good humor. But their family life is swept with hidden currents of anguish and misgivings. Although Joe Keller and his son, Chris, know that the second son, Larry, will never return from the war, Mrs. Keller is neurotically convincing herself that Larry is not dead. Chris wants to marry the girl to whom Larry was engaged. That seems to have nothing against it except loyalties that ought to be dead. But presently it develops that the great horror that is hanging over the Keller family is the suspicion that Joe Keller has escaped a jail conviction for fraudulent manufacturing by making his innocent partner the scapegoat. The suspicion develops into a fact. In some skillful dramatic construction which may, indeed, be a trifle too skillful for spontaneity, Mr. Miller involves everyone in this spiritual torture and uncertainty. He has also managed to relate the particular tragedy to the whole tragedy of the war years. For scenery, Mordecai Gorelik has designed an attractive, sunny backyard with a life of its own. In three acts that carry the play over into the darkness of the next day, the actors are giving a brilliant performance. Beth Merrill as the neurotic and tired mother give us the impression of an inner strength that dominates at least one corner of the crisis. As Joe Keller, Ed Begley dramatizes the whole course of the father's poignant ordeal without losing the basic coarseness of the character. As the son, Arthur Kennedy is giving a superb performance with great power for the climaxes and with insight into the progress of the character. Lois Wheeler acts the part of the neighbor's daughter with candor, youthfulness and passion, thoroughly aware of the growth of her character. As the son of the scapegoat, Karl Malden is ably conveying the confusion and horror of a weak young man plunged into a situation he can hardly understand. There are excellent performers in other parts by John McGovern, Peggy Meredith, Dudley Sadler, Hope Cameron and Eugene Steiner. In a performance with varying tone, rising pitch and dramatic design, they are acting an original play of superior quality by a playwright who knows his craft and has unusual understanding of the


Which crime writer wrote the novel 'Pagan Babies'?

New crime fiction | Books | The Guardian Buy it at BOL Pagan Babies marks a triumphant return to form for America's finest crime writer. Year on year for three decades, Elmore Leonard has produced crime novels that, with few exceptions, have set the bench mark for other US writers. But while in the second half of the Nineties the triple whammy of the movie versions of Get Shorty, Jackie Brown and Out of Sight established his wider popularity - and his credentials as the hippest writer around - he seemed to be losing his way. Cuba Libre (1998) was a not entirely successful quasi-return to the decidedly un-hip western stories that first established his reputation in the Fifties. A collection of those very stories came out the following year alongside his first sequel, Be Cool, the further adventures of Get Shorty's Chili Palmer. The novel had his trademark tight plotting, colourful characters and tough-funny dialogue but the elderly Leonard set it, unwisely, in the youth music business. There were, in consequence, some embarrassing passages. Pagan Babies is, in some ways, his most ambitious novel yet. I can't think of (m)any authors who would have the confidence to set a crime story involving a clever but heartless con against the background of the Rwandan genocide - and then make it succeed both as a comedy and a love story of sorts. The central character, Father Terry Dunn, is an unlikely priest. With a background in cigarette smuggling and tax evasion, he starts the novel in the Rwandan war zone with a church converted to a tomb for 47 unburied, mutilated victims of a Hutu massacre. His idea of penance for some of the murderers necessitates a swift return to Detroit where he sets out to raise money for orphaned children (his pagan babies). A meeting with wannabe stand-up comic Debbie Dewey gets him involved in her attempts to get back at a low-life who cheated her out of $67,000. The resulting scam involves hustling the mob, encounters with an exceedingly stupid hitman and a mordant story of con and counter-con, double-cross and triple-cross. There are few superlatives left unused to describe Leonard's writing but Pagan Babies warrants superlatives for the way the fast-paced narrative is both moving and highly amusing. Remarkable. Lawrence Block is another of American crime writing's multi-award winning old pros, with almost 50 novels and six collections of short stories to his credit. He already has three series characters - PI Matthew Scudder, bookshop owner-cum-burglar Bernie Rhodenbarr and spy Evan Tanner - but now there's a fourth, hitman John Keller. Keller had an engaging outing in last year's Hit Man, which was both an episodic novel and a collection of short stories. He returns in Hit List, a more traditional mystery novel in which he is appalled to discover that he is somebody else's target. Keller is a likeable creation. Although you might think that Pulp Fiction and Grosse Point Blank had taken the notion of quirkily attractive hitmen as far as it can go, Block takes a different line with his character. There's nothing cool about Keller, even though in this novel he has an affair with a SoHo artist. He looks like a corporate man, always wears suits and ties and does his work to pay for the cost of his hobby - stamp collecting. He even does jury service. Block's casual, meandering approach to telling his story may jar or entertain, according to taste. There's a lot of off-the-narrative-point chat between Keller and his 'broker', Dot. Sometimes their chat and Keller's ruminations about the big and small things in life are hilarious; sometimes they are wearisome - Keller is no Socrates Fortlow, Walter Mosley's philosophising ex-con. An enjoyable read, nevertheless. British writer Robert Goddard's novels are not easy to categorise. His 12 contemporary and historical bestsellers - which include Past Caring, Caught in the Light, Set in Stone and Into the Blue, which made a disappointing TV film several years ago - have been variously described as mysteries, crime novels, thrillers and even historical romances. Wha