The 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio was signed by Napoleon Bonaparte of France and Count Ludwig von Cobenzl of which country?

The Treaty of Campo Formio The Treaty of Campo Formio By Ira Grossman After five years of war between the French Republic and the  First Coalition, in late autumn of 1797, there would finally be  peace on the European continent. On October 17, 1797,  representatives of France and Austria concluded a peace settlement  which brought the Italian Campaign to a final close. General  Napoleon Bonaparte, representing the French Republic and Count  Ludwig von Cobenzl, representing the Austrian Empire, signed the  Treaty of Campo Formio, a breakthrough after five months of peace  negotiations. The treaty called for Austria to cede the Austrian Netherlands  (present day Belgium) to France and to recognize the newly created  Ligurian (formerly Republic of Genoa) and Cisalpine Republics as  independent states. It also called for Austria to accept French  possession of the Ionian Islands including Corfu and to cede  Lombardy to the Cisalpine Republic. In return Austria received the  Italian lands east of the Adige River which included Venice,  Friuli, Istria, and Dalmatia. Finally, a secret clause in the  treaty stated that Austria agreed to the French occupation of the  left bank of the Rhine River. The terms dictated by the Campo Formio treaty were modified  versions of terms dictated at the earlier peace conference at  Leoben on April 18, 1797. The preliminary peace settlement  provided that Austria cede the Austrian Netherlands to France.  Furthermore, secret provisions contained in the peace document  called for the partition of territories belonging to the Republic  of Venice to compensate Austria for the loss of its Belgian and  Italian possessions. The Peace of Campo Formio, despite ending Napoleon's war in  Italy, redrawing the map of Europe, creating new states, and  bringing fame to Napoleon, was neither a lasting nor a permanent  peace. Napoleon's biographer Felix Markham called it a brilliant  but an unstable peace for France since its original intention was  to conquer France's so-called "natural frontiers" consisting of  the Alps, the Rhine, and the Pyrenees. This war aim was diverted  by Napoleon's conquest of Northern Italy. Moreover, Markham wrote  that "the partition of Venice was not only a moral blot on the  peace settlement but left Austria a foothold in Italy, which could  only lead to further war." But, however fragile the peace settlement turned out to be, The Chronicle of the French Revolution said that Campo  Formio enabled Napoleon as commander of all French forces in Italy  to satisfy his political ambitions. It also explained that General  Bonaparte's signature on the treaty gave him the reputation in  France of being the man who brought peace to Europe. On the part  of the Austrians, The Chronicle, explained, they have used  diplomatic means to restore a situation that was militarily  disadvantageous to them. "It was the pressure exerted by the  movement of General Bonaparte's forces towards Vienna that made  Austria decide to sign," it said. The Franco-Austrian peace negotiations that lead up to the  signing of the Treaty of Campo Formio was not an easy process.  Like all peace conferences through history, negotiations between  the warring nations would go on for months and months without  achieving anything substantial. There were several reasons why it  took so long to reach a peace settlement. J. Christopher Herold,  in his popular Age of Napoleon, wrote that the Austrians  deliberately delayed the necessary peace negotiations because they  were motivated by reports that a royalist conspiracy to unseat the  French government was in the making. Perhaps the Austrians thought  that a royalist take-over in France would work to their advantage  by making peace terms more lenient for them. "On the other hand," wrote Herold, "Bonaparte was loath to break off negotiations,  despite—or rather, because of the fact that Moreau's army had  begun to advance victoriously in Germany: a break would depriv


A square hectare of land would have sides of how many metres each?

How big is a hectare? | Metric Views How big is a hectare? Posted on 2007-11-16 by admin One of the least known metric units – and one which journalists and estate agents seem to struggle with – is the hectare (ha). So perhaps it will help to relate this very useful measure to the sizes of sports fields. Article (including diagrams) by Martin V. Q: How big is a hectare? A: 10 000 square metres. Q: How big is that? A: It is the equivalent of a square, each side having a length of 100 m. Q: What does that look like? Many sports fields have an area that is comparable to a hectare. In some sports the size of the field is fixed; in others, the size of the field can be adjusted within limits to suit the land that is available. This article lists a number of sports whose fields are of the order of a hectare in size. The associated diagrams are all at the same scale (1:20 000 originally, but may look different on screen). Athletics (Typically 1.2 ha inside the track) The International Amateur Athletic Association has laid down the rules for athletic tracks that are used in competitions An athletics track is 400 m long (measured 20 cm from inside perimeter). The IAAF does not define the length of the straight section. If this section is 50 m, then the area inside the track is 1.194 ha (shown in green on the associated diagram). If the straight section is shorter, then the area increases until eventually we have a perfect circle which would have an area of 1.27 ha. Football (International size: 0.62 ha to 0.82 ha) The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) dictate that for international matches, the length of the pitch shall be between 100 m and 110 m and its width shall be between 64 m and 75 m. The smallest international football field is therefore 0.62 ha and the largest international football field in 0.82 ha. Non-international matches may be played on fields between 90 m and 120 m long and 45 m and 90 m wide. Cricket (Typically 1.25 ha; Lords 1.43 ha) The laws of cricket are maintained by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). This only specifies the length of the cricket pitch (20.12 m); it does not specify the distance of the boundary from the pitch. Lords Cricket Ground, the home of the MCC, is played on a rectangular field 136 m long and 109 m wide with well-rounded corners. After allowing for corners having been rounded, it has an area of 1.43 ha. The cricket ground at the author’s home town is roughly circular and is typical of many cricket fields up and down the country. The author has paced the boundary and found it to be about 400 m. If it is assumed to be circular with a perimeter of exactly 400 m, its area would be 1.27 ha. The associated diagram is typical of many club fields and not of Lords. Rugby (International size: 1.008 ha) The laws and regulations of rugby dictate the maximum size of rugby fields; international matches are invariably played on fields that are of maximum size. The maximum width of a rugby field is 70 m and the maximum length between the goal posts is 100 m. In addition there is a ‘in-goal area’ that extends a maximum of 22 m behind the goal line. Thus the maximum size of the field is a rectangle 144 m in length and 70 m in width giving an area of 10080 m² (which is just over 1 ha). Baseball (Between 0.83 ha and 1.12 ha) The field dimensions used in Major League Baseball MLB) are laid down in the Official Rules. The exact shape of the outfield varies from field to field, but using the layout shown in the above diagram, the area of Major League Baseball fields can be shown to vary between 0.83 ha and 1.12 ha. The rules of the MLB do not apply to other leagues and so in areas where land is at a premium, the fields in lower leagues might be smaller than the minimum in the MBL. References:


Lazar Ludwick Zamenhof invented which language?

Ludwik Zamenhof | Esperanto-USA | ZoomInfo.com Ludwik Zamenhof + Get 10 Free Contacts a Month Please agree to the terms and conditions I agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy . I understand that I will receive a subscription to ZoomInfo Grow at no charge in exchange for downloading and installing the ZoomInfo Contact Contributor utility which, among other features, involves sharing my business contacts as well as headers and signature blocks from emails that I receive. 1500 Park Ave STE 134 Emeryville, California 94608 United States Company Description Esperanto-USA is a non-profit organization whose primary purpose is to further education in, and dissemination of information about, the international auxiliary language Esperanto. We have a bookstore with around 1000 titles, ranging from instructional ma ... more Find other employees at this company (10) Background Information Web References (81 Total References) Our young Polish guide - born ... jewishfed.org [cached] Our young Polish guide - born in the post-Communist era - led us through the overgrown grassy paths of the Okopowa cemetery, one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in the world, where we visited the graves of Ludwik Zamenhof, the founder of Esperanto, and Marek Edelman, a survivor and one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. JewishPress.com > News > View Article www.thejewishpress.com [cached] It should be stressed that the worldly Tivadar became a lover of Esperanto , the international language founded by Lazar Ludovik Zamenhof , the Polish Jew , in hopes of advancing understanding among nations .It stands almost to reason that assimilated Central European Jew - idealists , all - should have created and pursued the very idea of a tongue that transcends boundaries , effectively converting language into universal citizenship. $reference.title


What is the full name of the leading scientific and technological research university referred to as MIT?

MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology of RNA to treat colon inflammation Shortcut Links Contact MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 617-253-1000


On a chess board at the start of play what piece is between the queen and its closest knight?

Names Of All Chess Pieces - Chess Glossary Article WaddenCC Photography Names Of All Chess Pieces If you've been hunting around for the Names Of All Chess Pieces, then hunt no more, as this page has what you're looking for ... A game of Chess involves two opponents, each having a total of 16 pieces, made up of 6, er, characters. These are they: Names Of All Chess Pieces - Pawn - Being a war game, the Pawn is kind of like your common foot soldier - often the first ones into battle, while being more expendable than those of a higher rank, such as the Knight. In total, each player begins a game of Chess with 8 Pawns on the board. On a Pawns first move, it may move either 1 or 2 squares forward, depending on your opening strategy. However, thereafter, a Pawn may only move one square forward per turn and it can never move backwards. As for capturing, a Pawn can only capture on either one of the diagonal squares in front of its current position ... This means that when another piece is on a square directly in front - on the straight line, your Pawn is stuck and cannot move forward until the blocking piece moves, or an enemy piece is within legal range for capture. Read More About The Pawn Names Of All Chess Pieces - Knight - The Knight is the piece that often looks like a horse - well, a horse's head (kind of like in The Godfather, but without the blood). Each player begins a game of Chess with 2 Knights on the board. We've said that it is often one of the Pawns that moves first, at the start of a game ... Often, but not always, as the Knight's ability to jump over pieces allows it to be the only other piece that can make a move at the very beginning of a game. The Knight is also unique in the way it moves ... Whereas other pieces go in straight lines - be it on the staights, or along the diagonals - the Knight moves in an L-shape. It goes either two squares forward and one to the left or right; or one square to the left or right and two squares forward ... Which you choose will, naturally, depend on potential for positional advantage, capture, to avoid being captured, or for lack of options when your other pieces are blocking certain squares within the Knight's legal range of movement. Read More About The Knight Names Of All Chess Pieces - Bishop - At the start of a game, each player has 2 Bishops on the board. One patrols the light-colored squares; the other goes along the dark-colored squares. As for range of movement, the Bishops move only on the diagonals but are able to go from one corner of the board to the other, on their colored squares. This makes the Bishop a great, long-distance threat to your opponent - though, obviously, the flip side is your pieces are at an equal risk from the enemy Bishops. When it comes to realtive value, two Bishops are considered more valuable than either two Knights, or a Knight and a Bishop working together. Though, of course, the threat of the two Bishop pieces are only as good as the skill of the player who controls their movement. Read More About The Bishop Names Of All Chess Pieces - Rook - Each player gets 2 Rooks, at the start of a game of Chess. Their range of movement is along the straights - if they have the space, they can get from one side of the board to the other, in a single move. The Rooks are most effective in the middle of the board. As they start a game in the corner squares, part of your opening strategy will be to, somehow, bring your Rooks inwards, while trying to mobilize your other pieces, ready for the carnage that takes place during the Middlegame stage. Two Rooks operating together can be more potent than a single Queen, if used wisely. The obvious threat is from the diagonals, which means one of the greatest threats to the Rook are from the Bishop and Queen, at distance; while at more close-range, Pawns that have good support can also prove hazardous to your Rooks. Read More About The Rook Names Of All Chess Pieces - Queen - The Queen is by far the most potent, attacking piece on the board. At one time, when the game of Chess was played in Medieval times, the Qu


What term describes computer software or its code which is free to use and adapt, based on a philosophy of improvement through sharing and collaboration?

Development, Ethical Trading, and Free Software Development, Ethical Trading, and Free Software Final version November 30th 1999 Translations: en français (partial) | Indonesian | Russian | Serbo-Croatian | Slovenian Abstract This paper makes the political and ethical case for the adoption of free software by Community Aid Abroad and other members of Oxfam International . It should be applicable to development agencies generally and to other organisations with similar values. Free software has obvious pragmatic advantages for community development processes, most notably in its empowerment of users. But the ideological foundations and social/organisational structure of the free software movement are also consistent with community development at a theoretical level. Feedback on this paper would be appreciated: additional case studies would be particularly useful. A Community Aid Abroad appropriate information technology group has been set up, including a mailing list for discussions in this area. (This paper is also a subject of debate on Slashdot .) Contents Conclusion and Recommendations Introduction Informational goods make up a sizeable and increasing fraction of the world's trade - and an even larger fraction of profits, since margins tend to be higher. (Compare Microsoft's profit/turnover ratio with General Electrics'.) This trend towards an "information economy" is continuing. Ethical trading and appropriate technology policies should therefore cover informational products. With some goods the major ethical concerns are in their manufacture or the effects on the environment of their use. Examples are wheat, iron, refrigerators, and so forth. Such goods are covered by a draft Oxfam GB Ethical Purchasing Policy, which advocates products that "are produced and delivered under conditions that do not involve the abuse or exploitation of any persons" and "have the least negative impact on the environment". The policy mentioned considers weapons and baby milk powder as special cases. But there are many products other than weapons and baby milk powder whose production and delivery may raise no or only minor environmental and ethical concerns, but which may still have effects of major concern in the way they affect the autonomy and independence of users. It is the contention of this paper that software falls into this category. This paper addresses only computer software. Other intellectual property issues are also of great importance. Control of genetic variability through gene patents is one example; World Intellectual Property Organisation treaties on copyright are another. (The latter ought to receive the same sort of critical response that the Multilateral Agreement on Investment did.) This is the context for intellectual property rights enforcement. This world market in knowledge is a major and profoundly anti-democratic new stage of capitalist development. The transformation of knowledge into property necessarily implies secrecy: common knowledge is no longer private. In this new and chilling stage, communication itself violates property rights. The WTO is transforming what was previously a universal resource of the human race - its collectively, historically and freely-developed knowledge of itself and nature - into a private and marketable force of production. (Allan Freeman, Fixing up the world? GATT and the World Trade Organisation) A good deal of the world's primary resources are located in the poorer countries of the world's "South", even if their exploitation is often in the hands of external corporations. Systems for controlling the distribution of information, on the other hand, are (like possession of capital) overwhelmingly centralised in the rich "North". This should be of great concern to organisations such as Oxfam International members which take a long-term perspective in their attempts to reduce the inequitable distribution of resources. As the United Nations Sustainable Development Networking Program says: Information and Communication Technologies are now fundamental to dealing w


Monorchid | Define Monorchid at Dictionary.com monorchid having or appearing to have only one testis. noun 1820-30; New Latin monorchis (erroneous plural monorchides), equivalent to mon- + orchid- (< Greek orchid-; see orchid ) Dictionary.com Unabridged British Dictionary definitions for monorchid Expand an animal or person with only one testicle Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012


Winnipeg is the capital city of which Canadian province?

Winnipeg, the Capital of Manitoba, Canada Updated: 10/29/2014 About the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg is the capital city of the province of Manitoba , Canada. Located at the geographical centre of Canada, Winnipeg is a transportation centre, with extensive rail and air links, as well as the head offices of several major Canadian trucking firms. Winnipeg has a diverse economy and is also a multicultural city where more than 100 languages are spoken. While Winnipeg is an eminently affordable city, it is host to world-class ballet, theatre, visual arts, music and festivals. Location of Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg is located at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, near the centre of North America. 464.08 sq km (179.18 square miles) (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Population 663,617 (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Date Winnipeg Became the Capital of Manitoba 1870 Date Winnipeg Incorporated as a City 1873. Reincorporated in 1972. Government of the City of Winnipeg A Winnipeg general municipal election is held every four years on the fourth Wednesday in October. This includes elections for the Mayor and city councillors, as well as elections for school trustees. Date of the last Winnipeg municipal election: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 Date of the next Winnipeg municipal election: Wednesday, October 24, 2018 Winnipeg's city council is made up of 16 elected representatives: one mayor and 15 city councillors.


What is the seven or nine branch candelabrum, of which the Jewish hanukiah (or chanukkiyah) is a type?

The Menorah: Seven Branches or Nine? | United with Israel This golden menorah, constructed by the Temple Institute, stands in the Old City of Jerusalem. The Menorah: Seven Branches or Nine? menorah Nov 23, 2015 The menorah, a seven-branched candelabrum, is the oldest symbol of the Jewish religion, and a variation of it is used for the observance of Chanukah – the Festival of Lights. Golden menorah on display in Jerusalem. During Chanukah, the Festival of Lights, Jews worldwide will light the chanukiah, a modern-Hebrew word describing the candelabrum with nine branches that resembles a menorah and is used on this festival. One branch is lit on the first night, and another is added each subsequent night until the eighth, when the menorah becomes fully lit. The ninth branch in the center is used for the flame that lights the main branches. The original menorah stood in the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem. The priests would light it in the sanctuary each day, following detailed procedure as instructed in the Bible. Chanukah celebrates two miracles. First was the 2nd-century BCE victory of a small band of Jewish fighters against the powerful Syrian-Greek army. Second, upon the priests’ return to the Holy Temple to light the menorah, a tiny amount of oil that should have lasted no more than a day in fact sufficed for eight days, thus enabling the Jews to produce more. The Talmud states that it is forbidden to use a seven-branched menorah outside of the Temple, which is why the modern-day chanukiah is slightly different. As explained by the Temple Institute , a non-profit educational and religious organization, the Holy Temple that King Solomon had built largely resembled the Tabernacle “in its basic layout, albeit on a much larger scale.” (The Tabernacle, according to the Hebrew Bible, was the portable dwelling place for the Divine presence from the time of the Exodus from Egypt through the conquering of the land of Canaan.) One very significant difference was the fact that Solomon had added another 10 menorahs, which stood in the sanctuary. From the Arch of Titus, depicting the Roman emperor’s triumphal procession with the treasures captured from the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. It has not been ascertained whether or not the menorah that was taken to Rome following the destruction of the Second Temple in the year 70 AD was in fact the main menorah. What is definite, though, is that a menorah from the Temple did reach Rome. On the Arch of Titus, which was constructed in the year 82 AD in Rome in commemoration of the siege of Jerusalem, a bas-relief depicts the arrival of sacred Temple vessels, including a menorah. In fact, according to recent scientific investigation by international scholars, headed by Yeshiva University’s Center for Israel Studies, the original color of the painted menorah was indeed gold, as was the Temple menorah. Israel’s Coat of Arms “We are told in the book of Kings that King Solomon had eleven menorahs made, which stood in the sanctuary,” states Temple Institute literature. “While we only know of one Menorah which stood in the Sanctuary of the second Holy Temple, we know for a certainty that there were a number of spare Menorahs on stand-by in case the sanctuary menorah became impure or needed repair. Therefore, it is the opinion of many Torah sages that the menorah taken to Rome and depicted on the Arch of Titus was one of the spare menorahs kept in the Temple warehouse and not the active duty menorah which would have been standing in the sanctuary.” Many wonder what could have happened to the central menorah. “There are passages in the Talmud which testify that, as the Roman siege of Jerusalem sealed the fate of the city, the people of Jerusalem understood that destruction of the Holy Temple would inevitably follow. They therefore decided to place each of the sacred vessels in hiding,” the Institute states. The menorah has remained the ultimate Jewish icon throughout history. The lamp standing in contemporary synagogues, known as the Ner Tamid (Hebrew for Eternal Flame), symbolizes the menorah. It


In golf what slang refers to a free extra stroke sometimes allowed informally after a poor shot, typically off the first tee?

Glossary of GOLF terms and phrases | Murdo Frazer Golf Course Murdo Frazer Golf Course Golf Glossary Glossary of Golf Terms While many of the terms here don’t apply to pitch and putt (Par 3) golf (ie albatross), they are common terms used when speaking “Golf Talk”. For a quick reference of scoring golf terms, check out the scorecard . Click on any of the letters to go directly to the glossary terms associated with that letter. hole-in-one; a score of 1 on a hole address the position that the player assumes when preparing to make a stroke albatross double eagle; a score of 3 under par for a hole (This is one of the hardest shots to achieve in pitch and putt {ie. Par 3 golf}) all square term used in match play scoring to indicate that the match is even at present (abbreviated as “AS” on scoreboard) approach putt a long putt that is not expected to go in, but hopefully will finish close to hole apron the short grass that separates the putting green from rough or fairway away the last 9 holes (10-18) of an 18 hole golf course ball in pocket (B.I.P.) when a player has picked up his ball and does not intend to complete a hole with a valid score ball mark the depression that a ball makes when it strikes the ground ball marker usually a small, flat object (like a dime) used to mark the ball’s position on the green while other players putt and/or the ball is cleaned ballooning excessive climbing or lifting of a shot beyond its normal trajectory, usually into the wind and usually causing the shot to fall short of the intended distance baseball grip a method of holding the club using all ten fingers on the grip with no overlapping or interlocking fingers beach any sand-filled hazard below the hole when the ball is in a position lower than, or downhill from, the hole on ground that is not level bent grass a very smooth, fine-bladed grass usually used for putting greens better ball the best score for a team birdie a score of one under (less than) par for a hole blast a shot that removes a large amount of sand or earth in addition (hopefully) to the ball, as from a buried lie in a bunker blind shot a shot where the intended landing area is not visible from the player’s perspective bogey a score of one over (more than) par for a hole break the curve of a putt or running shot due to the slope of the terrain and gravity bunker a depression in the ground usually (but not always) filled with sand buried elephant a particularly large mound or hump, usually used in reference to the surface of a putting green C deep rough or vegetation off the fairway caddy someone who carries a players bag of clubs and/or assists a player with advice and the details of play call up wave up; common practice at some courses (usually on par 3 holes) where the group ahead (group A) signals for the group behind (group B) to play their shots when group A reaches the green rather than waiting for them to finish the hole in an attempt to improve pace of play — also could be when group A wishes for group B to play-through at any point on the course carve expression has been used to describe shaping or bending a shot to fit a hole’s terrain or curve around something casual water a temporary accumulation of water (outside of a water hazard) that is visible before or after a player takes their stance chili dip when a short chip or pitch shot is hit fat or chunked, causing the ball to go a much shorter distance than intended chip chip and run, chip and roll, bump and run; a shot that is designed to roll farther than it flies chip-off play-off; a method of breaking a tie by seeing who gets a selected chip shot closer to the hole chip out punch out; hitting a relatively small chip shot to extricate oneself from trouble (e.g., trees) when a longer shot is needed but obstructed chunk chunky, fat, thick, heavy, laying the sod over it, hitting the big ball before the little ball; hitting the ground before the ball, usually resulting in the ball not going as far as intended Claw grip Gator grip, Psycho grip; an unusual method of gripping the putter, popularized by PGA Tour pla


Logomachy | Definition of Logomachy by Merriam-Webster 1 :  a dispute over or about words 2 :  a controversy marked by verbiage Did You Know? It doesn't take much to start people arguing about words, but there's no quarrel about the origin of "logomachy." It comes from the Greek roots logos, meaning "word" or "speech," and machesthai, meaning "to fight," and it entered English in the mid-1500s. If you're a word enthusiast, you probably know that "logos" is the root of many English words ("monologue," "neologism," "logic," and most words ending in "-logy," for example), but what about other derivatives of "machesthai"? Actually, this is a tough one even for word whizzes. Only a few very rare English words come from "machesthai." Here are two of them: "heresimach" ("an active opponent of heresy and heretics") and "naumachia" ("an ancient Roman spectacle representing a naval battle"). Origin and Etymology of logomachy Greek logomachia, from log- + machesthai to fight First Known Use: 1569 Seen and Heard What made you want to look up logomachy? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


Stonehenge England - Where is, Facts, Tour, Location, Maps, Tickets Stonehenge, England PDF The Stonehenge Monument in England Stonehenge in Wiltshire, England, is a prehistoric monument that may have served as a burial ground for Neolithic and Bronze Age societies. A circular arrangement of standing stone pillars, many of which are topped with a horizontal stone slab, the architecture of Stonehenge is a marvel in itself, which has caused scholars to study how the structure was built. The stones are arranged in the post-and-lintel formation. Five trilithons make up the inner horse-shoe shape. The outer ring of the Neolithic monument has 30 lintel stones joined with the tongue and groove joint woodworking technique. The biggest stones, also called sarsens, are believed to have been brought from Marlborough Down. The small stones, or the bluestones are believed to have been quarried from about 200 km away in Pembroke County, Wales. A huge heel stone lies in front of the northeast entry. It is an enormous unshaped boulder. The Slaughter Stone is also located close to this entrance. It seems to be a fallen monolith that extends into the river. The mysteries surrounding Stonehenge draw visitors from around the world. Some believe that it was used for burial of the dead while others believe that it was a place of healing. Some reckon that it is a kind of solar calendar while others opine that it is a place of worship. The questions such as who were the people behind the construction of Stonehenge or why was the monument erected, are still a mystery. Yet, the Stonehenge was decoded to some extent, by Prof. Mike Parker Pearson, University of Sheffield. While excavating in a farmer’s field, located about less than 2 miles of the Stonehenge, the team of Prof. Pearson comprising of several archeologists, found out the remains of a big prehistoric village. In a National Geographic Channel documentary, he has tried to uncover some secrets of the monument, which are discussed as under: The radiocarbon dating of the circle suggests the origins of the Stonehenge around 4500 years ago, long before King Arthur’s reign. It was exactly the period when the Great Pyramids were being constructed. The Stonehenge temple is made up of 75 massive sarsen stones (local sandstones) set up between 3500 and 5000 years ago. The monument is aligned along the axis of the sun, thus it catches the sun at its center during the summer solstice. In 2004, long trenches were excavated to find avenues that connect the wooden circle and the river. In 2005, carbon dating was performed on the wooden Stonehenge, which led to the conclusion that it was built during the same time (as the stone Stonehenge). The wooden replica of the monument had 160 massive poles. Its inner rings were similar in shape and size to the Stonehenge. The creation of such masterpieces require sophisticated engineering techniques. It is the only rock structure with carved stones and joined with the tongue and groove joint at the ends. Prof. Pearson also believes that the design of the Stonehenge hints that the monument occupied a central position in the ceremonial landscape. It was used to house the spirits of the dead. It may have associations with another mysterious monument. A grand avenue connected the Stonehenge to the River Avon. Among other theories, Prof. Pearson proposes that several tribes gathered from Southern Britain during the summer solstice to thank their ancestors to bring back life to the land, animals, and themselves. During the winter solstice, they would probably again gather at the site to perform the ceremony for the dead. Around 240 human remains were discovered at the site. The carbon dating technique unveiled that the remains belonged to the 5th century. As the number of remains was less, Prof. Pearson proposed that these may have been the remains of the ruling dynasty and the remains of all other people were deposited somewhere else. Probably, the river symbolized the beginning of another journey, the remains of the dead were put into it. About two-and-a-half km away


Blenny, damsel, hamlet, goby and grunt are varieties of what living things?

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What is the Hindi greeting and salutation also used by many Westerners engaging in Indian cultural activities and philosophies?

History of Yoga • Yoga Basics ChaosChick · October 26, 2011 · Reply · Quote I didn’t realize how long yoga has really been around. It’s really cool, almost inspiring. rabi · December 7, 2011 · Reply · Quote Amazing how you can talk about honey and not mention the beehive or the bees. Yoga is a Sanskirt word, correctly pronounced as Yog. Yoga is a Hindu practice, or a practice of “Sanatan Dharma”, to be more precise. Not to say that anybody who wants to benefit from the practice needs to acknolwedge or even be bothered about the the religious affiliation, but when you write hundreds of words on its history without mentioning the connection, it smacks of disingenuity, something decidedly non-Yogic. And no, mention of India doesn’t count. It only serves as a calculated deception, because there is more to India than Hinduism, even if yoiu’re talking just religion. If you’re going to be a Yogi, a good place to start is by being honest and open minded. Else it’s just a lot of twisting and turning of your muscles and joints. Peace. Sandeep · May 16, 2015 · Reply · Quote Namaste Rabi. I agree with you. But also do not expect from opportunists the recognition for benefiting from features of Hindu culture. I also like the ‘honey and not mention the beehive or the bees’ analogy :) Bejoy Mathews · June 24, 2015 · Reply · Quote Rabi, I completely agree with you. Yoga and Hindusim are like two sides of the same coin. One doesn’t exist without the other. jamie · February 6, 2016 · Reply · Quote hi rabi, i wanted to ask if you could recommend any texts that would bring me into the light of the connection between yoga and hinduism. excuse my ignorance in the matter but i would like to study the topic more deeply. thank you. Author Timothy · December 8, 2011 · Reply · Quote rabi – Our history of yoga is drawn from the ancient scriptures of India, and none of these texts mention the words Hindu or Hinduism. That is because the Vedas and Upanishads are the foundation for both yoga and Hinduism. They are linked and share a common history and culture, but they are not part of each other. I’m saddened to read that you think we are intentionally being deceptive and dishonest with what we write here. We respect your opinion, but please take your judgements somewhere else. rabi · December 16, 2011 · Reply · Quote Timothy, A history of…lets just say gospels…without mentioning Christianity? Vedas and Upanishads are more central to Hinduism than gospels are to Christianity. I grew up chanting Vedas and reading Vagvat Geeta (Upanishad) to my blind grandfather . Hinduism *is* Vedas+Upanishads and then a few other things. Anyway, you’ve settled on a narrative common in this part of the world that I dare not attempt to alter, so enough on this. Yoga is a gift that anybody can enjoy with a dose of any narrative that makes it palatable. I may be an anomaly, because I have shamelessly adopted many western and even christian views/traditions that I like. My family celebrates the spirit of Christmas, enjoys good gospel singing, and hunts for eggs during Easter. Good site. Yadu krishna · July 6, 2015 · Reply · Quote Rabi, it’s really so sad to know that you actually don’t know anything about Hinduism and Vedas. Can’t you see?? You even spelled “BHAGAVAD GITA” as ” Vagvat Geeta” and you’re saying that you’ve been reading all vedas and upanishads to your blind grandfather since childhood. Knowing some Sanskrit quotes doesn’t show that you have been into vedas and Yoga. It’s time that you should really practice doing yoga and notice the changes in your current life . Yoga is everything and it’s everywhere.. kamini · January 6, 2012 · Reply · Quote Yoga is as old as the God’s themselves. It is a knowledge which was given by Lord Shiva himself to Parvati when she asked him how would humans find liberation from the cycle of birth & death. Siva Samhita is a treatise of his answer in dialogue form between Shiva & Parvati. Hence, I humbly submit that dating Yoga according to our prsent day Calender may be futile. Please add to my knowledge if what I have said is not


Suggestions from the 'politically correct' community occasionally call for what creative group process to be renamed 'Thought Showers'?

Is there an alternative word / phrase for 'brainstorm'? | TrainingZone Is there an alternative word / phrase for 'brainstorm'? Is there an alternative word / phrase for ... Ideas for Brainstorming  I have used a variety of brainstorming techniques for all sorts of training purposes. Recently I was told that the word had particular connotations in the health training area, due to an association with certain medical conditions. I was asked to use 'wordstorm', (which avoids the apparently problematic connection with the brain) but it doesn't seem quite right to me. Has anyone come across an alternative? Jane By Susie Finch 15th Nov 2008 16:11 The use of the word Brainstorm is one of those Evergreen questions which comes up on our Any Answers forum! For more information, please see our Ask the Expert: Brainstorming - Offensive or not? By JULIET 06th Jan 2003 14:59 I attended a workshop recently where we had "thought showers". The explanation given for the alternative phrase was that brainstorming can be linked to a condition related to epilepy. I shall continue to use brainstorming By marlings 06th Jan 2003 15:31 Sounds like we all need to brainstorm alternatives! Perhaps there should be a trainingzone competition to find a new phrase for this. Here are some suggestions: Talk it and Chalk it I know, scraping the barrel! Happy New Year everyone By admin 06th Jan 2003 16:01 As the ex training manager of a large care provider, this is a problem I came across when I first joined the company!! I ended up using the terms 'think tank', 'free thinking' or 'creative thinking' session as opposed to 'brainstorming' using the term that felt most appropriate for the type of training session being delivered. None have quite the same 'feel' as 'brainstorming' I admit, but they seemed to work in that environment. By admin 06th Jan 2003 16:14 A colleague of mine was recently doing a Presentation Skills course and was told about the negative implications of the word "brainstorm". The delegate also told him that the PC terminology was, apparently, "mindshowering". Practically speaking, whatever we call it, the vast majority of delegates are going to call it "brainstorming" anyway. I think the key here is that we are sensitive to our audiences and tell delegates to be careful with the language they themselves use. This one will probably set off a lot of comments on "words" that are appropriate!. The Chambers Dictionary gives the following meanings to two quite different words :- brainstorming noun, originally US the practice of trying to solve problems or develop new ideas and strategies, etc by intensive group discussion in which suggestions and thoughts are put forward spontaneously. brainstorm noun 1 colloq a sudden loss of the ability to think clearly and act properly or sensibly; a mental aberration. 2 N Amer colloq a brainwave 1. ETYMOLOGY: 19c, meaning 'a sudden violent disturbance of the mind'. Clearly they mean different things and should be used in appropriate circumstances. So what is the problem? Hope this helps By alanhook 07th Jan 2003 12:12 Like some others replying to this point, I feel annoyed at the puritanical attitude to language that this issue exemplifies. I first heard about this one from a delegate on a training course. Another delegate (who happened to be blind)immediately responded with: "Has anyone asked people with epilepsy for their views?" I shall continue to use 'brainstorming' - although I actually use the word rarely in the creativity sessions I facilitate. It has more important negative connotations with some people, to do with paperclips and PostIt notes and sitting around feeling uncreative... Alan Barker By gill.wright.coventry.gov.uk 07th Jan 2003 14:38 Like others, I too have had delegates commenting on "not being allowed to use brainstorming anymore". I have yet to find where this originated although most people have heard (usually secondhand) that it is about mental health issues. So if any one can tell me where this has originated, I would would love to know. Most alternatives I have heard don't real


From what language does the phrase Kia Ora come?

Useful Māori phrases Useful Māori phrases A collection of useful phrases in Māori, a Polynesian language spoken in New Zealand. Click on any of the phrases that are links to hear them  spoken. If you can provide recordings, corrections or additional  translations, please contact me . To see these phrases in many other languages  click on the English versions. If you'd like to see these phrases  in any combination of two languages, try the Phrase Finder . Guide to abbreviations: inf = informal, frm = formal, sg = singular (to one person), dl = dual (to two people), pl = plural (to three or more people). English


What one of these is a metallic chemical element? Brass, Barium, Steel, Sterling Silver, Pewter?

Metalic - definition of Metalic by The Free Dictionary Metalic - definition of Metalic by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Metalic  (mĕt′l) n. 1. Any of a category of electropositive elements that usually have a shiny surface, are generally good conductors of heat and electricity, and can be melted or fused, hammered into thin sheets, or drawn into wires. Typical metals form salts with nonmetals, basic oxides with oxygen, and alloys with one another. 2. An alloy of two or more metallic elements. 3. An object made of metal. 4. Basic character; mettle. 5. Broken stones used for road surfaces or railroad beds. 6. Molten glass, especially when used in glassmaking. 7. Molten cast iron. 8. Printing Type made of metal. 9. Music Heavy metal. tr.v. met·aled, met·al·ing, met·als also met·alled or met·al·ling To cover or surface (a roadbed, for example) with broken stones. [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin metallum, from Greek metallon, mine, ore, metal.] metal n 1. (Elements & Compounds) a. any of a number of chemical elements, such as iron or copper, that are often lustrous ductile solids, have basic oxides, form positive ions, and are good conductors of heat and electricity b. an alloy, such as brass or steel, containing one or more of these elements 2. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) printing type made of metal 3. (Ceramics) the substance of glass in a molten state or as the finished product 4. (Civil Engineering) short for road metal 5. (Pop Music) informal short for heavy metal 1 6. (Military) navy a. the total weight of projectiles that can be shot by a ship's guns at any one time b. the total weight or number of a ship's guns 7. (Elements & Compounds) astronomy Also called: heavy element any element heavier than helium 8. (Heraldry) heraldry gold or silver 9. (Railways) (plural) the rails of a railway adj vb (tr) , -als, -alling or -alled, -als, -aling or -aled 10. (Metallurgy) to fit or cover with metal 11. (Civil Engineering) to make or mend (a road) with road metal [C13: from Latin metallum mine, product of a mine, from Greek metallon] ˈmetal-ˌlike adj (ˈmɛt l) n., v. -aled, -al•ing (esp. Brit.) -alled, -al•ling. n. 1. any of a class of elementary substances, as gold, silver, or copper, all of which are crystalline when solid and many of which are characterized by opacity, ductility, conductivity, and a unique luster when freshly fractured. 2. such a substance in its pure state, as distinguished from alloys. 3. an alloy or mixture of such substances, as brass. 4. an element yielding positively charged ions in aqueous solutions of its salts. 5. formative material; stuff. 7. printing type made of metallic alloy. 8. molten glass in the pot or melting tank. 11. to furnish or cover with metal. [1250–1300; Middle English (< Old French) < Latin metallum quarry, metal < Greek métallon] met′al•like`, adj. met·al (mĕt′l) 1. Any of a large group of elements, including iron, gold, copper, lead, and magnesium, that conduct heat and electricity well. Metals can be hammered into thin sheets or drawn into wires. They are usually shiny and opaque. All metals except mercury are solid at room temperature. 2. An alloy, such as steel or bronze, made of two or more metals. Usage We think of metals as hard, shiny materials used to make things like paper clips and cars. But for chemists, a metal is a chemical element that loses electrons in a chemical reaction. Metal atoms do this because of the structure of their electron shells—the layers in which electrons are arranged around an atom's nucleus. If an element's outermost electron shell is filled, the element is stable and does not react easily. But if the shell contains only a few electrons, the atom will try to share them with another atom in a chemical reaction, thereby becoming stable. Elements having only one electron in their outermost shell are the most reactive; all they have to do to become stable is lose this electron. Such elements are alkali metals like sodium and potassium, and they are listed in the left-hand column of the Periodic Table at Pe


The energy of what is measured by the Richter magnitude scale?

Measuring the Size of an Earthquake Jump to Navigation Measuring the Size of an Earthquake Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that travel through the Earth; they are recorded on instruments called seismographs. Seismographs record a zig-zag trace that shows the varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground motions, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in the world. The time, locations, and magnitude of an earthquake can be determined from the data recorded by seismograph stations. The Richter Scale The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. Adjustments are included for the variation in the distance between the various seismographs and the epicenter of the earthquakes. On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. For example, a magnitude 5.3 might be computed for a moderate earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be rated as magnitude 6.3. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude; as an estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the amount associated with the preceding whole number value. At first, the Richter Scale could be applied only to the records from instruments of identical manufacture. Now, instruments are carefully calibrated with respect to each other. Thus, magnitude can be computed from the record of any calibrated seismograph. Earthquakes with magnitude of about 2.0 or less are usually called microearthquakes; they are not commonly felt by people and are generally recorded only on local seismographs. Events with magnitudes of about 4.5 or greater - there are several thousand such shocks annually - are strong enough to be recorded by sensitive seismographs all over the world. Great earthquakes, such as the 1964 Good Friday earthquake in Alaska, have magnitudes of 8.0 or higher. On the average, one earthquake of such size occurs somewhere in the world each year. The Richter Scale is not commonly used anymore, as it has been replaced by another scale called the moment magnitude scale which is a more accurate measure of the earthquake size. Magnitude Modern seismographic systems precisely amplify  and record ground motion (typically at periods of  between 0.1 and 100 seconds) as a function of time.  This amplification and recording as a function of time  is the source of instrumental amplitude and arrival-time  data on near and distant earthquakes. Although  similar seismographs have existed since the 1890's,  it was only in the 1930's that Charles F. Richter,  a California seismologist, introduced the concept of  earthquake magnitude. His original definition held  only for California earthquakes occurring within  600 km of a particular type of seismograph  (the Woods-Anderson torsion instrument).  His basic idea was quite simple:  by knowing the distance from a seismograph  to an earthquake and observing the maximum signal  amplitude recorded on the seismograph, an empirical  quantitative ranking of the earthquake's inherent size  or strength could be made. Most California earthquakes  occur within the top 16 km of the crust;  to a first approximation, corrections for variations in  earthquake focal depth were, therefore, unnecessary. Richter's original magnitude scale (ML) was then extended  to observations of earthquakes of any distance  and of focal depths ranging between 0 and 700 km.  Because earthquakes excite both body waves, which  travel into and through the Earth, and surface waves,  which are constrained to follow the natural wave guide  of the Earth's uppermost layers, two magnitude scales  evolved - t


At a 2010 Cheltenham festival Katie Walsh received a four day ban for excessive use of what?

Katie Walsh and Nina Carberry prove women are no longer passengers | Sport | The Guardian Horse racing Katie Walsh and Nina Carberry prove women are no longer passengers Whips bans for Walsh and Carberry was a riposte to the head-patting chauvinism too often aimed at females in racing Katie Walsh was banned for excessive use of the whip after winning the National Hunt Chase on Poker De Sivola. Photograph: Tony Marshall/EMPICS Sport Wednesday 17 March 2010 20.10 EDT First published on Wednesday 17 March 2010 20.10 EDT Share on Messenger Close Cheltenham's view of women can fall on the teeth-grinding side of quaint. Only this month the course made an award to Venetia Williams, last year's Grand National-winning trainer, for "The Outstanding Contribution made by a Lady to Jump Racing". But there was no condescension in the suspensions meted out to Katie Walsh and Nina Carberry for excessive use of the whip after the two sisters of top male riders had thwacked their mounts past the post in the opening National Hunt Chase. To see women jockeys finishing first and second in a Cheltenham Festival race (even one confined to amateur riders) felt like a riposte to the head-patting chauvinism they sometimes have to endure on the Turf. The prize conferred on Williams evokes one of those Harry Enfield spoofs of brylcreemed chaps addressing their wives as "you dear sweet thing" round the dinner table. It's as if Jenny Pitman never happened. Williams is known to hate being called a woman trainer. For her, trainer will do fine. To create a special stratum of gongs for "ladies" implies they exist in their own fragrant sphere. Walsh and Carberry were no Maid Marians floating past the stands with flowers in their hair. Their flailing in the saddle was almost redolent of a lost age, when jockeys got "stuck in" to their mounts up the Cheltenham hill and the animal rights lobby had yet to full mobilise. In those days a good swipe with the stick was called an "attitude adjuster" and the whip itself was known euphemistically as "the persuader". Racing has been on the retreat from whip action since the late 1990s, when the Grand National was used to demonstrate the new intolerance of violent coercion. Here at Cheltenham, in the 1970s and 80s, a generation of riders nearly knocked themselves out of the saddle with the force of their coaxing. The suspicion was that Cheltenham had a secret gluing room where flogged horses were stuck back together. Katie Walsh's father, Ted, would not deny being one of the more combative finishers but in later years taught his son, Ruby, who endured such a miserable second day until Sanctuaire won the Fred Winter Novice Hurdle, to ride with patience and artistry. In his own piloting days Ted won four Festival races before taking the 2000 Grand National with Papillon as a trainer. Katie Walsh shares some of Ruby's skill with her father's talent for prompting. In a pulsating finish she won on Poker De Sivola from Carberry on Becauseicouldntsee. They were the only two women in the race. After both had belted their mounts home Walsh was banned for four days and Carberry ruled out for five. Here, the stewards dropped the fluffy language and enforced the rules precisely as they would have applied to men. Counter-intuitively it could be said that two women being stood down for excessive aggression is precisely what females need to demonstrate that they are not passengers in a saddle. Certainly the Walsh family were in no mood for remorse. "What a great ride Katie got off him," Ted Walsh said. "Nina's a big part of our family, too. Katie will remember this for the rest of her life." If concern for equine welfare has strayed too far into sentimentality, this breakthrough for women jump jockeys provided the bookends for a day of wildly oscillating fortunes for the horse-addicted Walsh clan. "I don't want to sound soft but this is definitely the best day of my life," Katie said. "I couldn't believe it, turning in, that Nina was coming. I thought – Jesus, of all people, not Nina. Ruby said well done to me but he didn't really n


What flower is the national emblem of Wales?

National Symbols of Wales | Dragon, Choir, Feathers, Daffodil Search National symbols of Wales National Symbols National symbols of Wales The story of Wales is long and, at times, confusing. That would go some of the way towards explaining why the emblems of Wales include a dragon, a vegetable, a spoon and a funny-shaped ball. The Welsh national flag Welsh Flag It took until 1959 for the Welsh national flag to be officially unfurled for the first time. The significance of the dragon in Welsh culture is believed to date back to Arthurian legend when Merlin had a vision of a red dragon (representing native Britons) fighting a white dragon (the Saxon invaders). The use of green and white refer to the colours of the House of Tudor, the 15th century royal family of Welsh origin. The red dragon won the battle, just in case you were wondering… Welsh male voice choirs The 450-strong South Wales Choral Union of Aberdare is credited as popularising the Welsh male voice choir tradition after winning The National Music Union Brass And Choral Event in consecutive years during the 1870s. Welsh choral singing is instantly recognisable, with different pockets of the choir singing different parts. Traditional bedrocks of the movement include Treorchy and Morriston and the more recent success of Only Men Aloud has ensured that the male voice choir tradition is as popular with audiences as ever.   by  Howie Mudge In 2007 the distinctive bird of prey was voted the most popular bird among the people of Wales. Less than a century ago there were just two breeding pairs in the country, but the breed’s remarkable recovery means there are over a hundreds to be seen soaring over rural areas of Wales. Several  red kite feeding stations  also offer visitors the opportunity to get (relatively) up close and personal with these magnificent birds. Prince of Wales’ Feathers Three white feathers are encircled with a coronet, inscribed with the German words Ich Dien (‘I serve’). This is the emblem of the Prince of Wales, the Heir Apparent to the British and Commonwealth crown. Direct historic links with Wales are fairly sketchy. Nonetheless, the Three Feathers are proudly worn on Welsh rugby shirts. The Welsh language Bi-lingual road signs in Powys, Mid Wales The native language of Wales is spoken by three-quarters of a million people – most in Wales, but also in England, the USA, Canada and Argentina. There are few Welsh-only speakers and traditionally, Welsh has been the language of rural Wales; but it is increasingly popular within urban populations. Bilingual road signs and the Welsh language television channel, S4C, are just a couple of examples of the language in common use you’re sure to see on your visit here. The Welsh harp We can make life a little complicated for ourselves from time to time. As if to illustrate this the triple harp has three rows of strings rather than one. The Italians invented this particular instrument of melody during the 17th century, but a 100 years later it was widely known as the Welsh harp. Other varieties of harps are believed to have been played in Wales since the 11th century and gifted exponents of the art, such as Elinor Bennett and Catrin Finch among others, continue to inspire audiences and aspiring musicians. The leek Leeks at Brecon Food Festival, Brecon Beacons This humble root vegetable is cited as a symbol of Wales in William Shakespeare’s Henry V. Historical evidence also exists that the Tudor dynasty issued leeks to be worn by their guards on March 1, known as St David’s Day in honour of the patron saint of Wales. There is also plenty of entertaining folklore and guesswork why the Welsh are inextricably linked with the leek. The 7th century king of Gwynedd, Cadwaladr, is said to have ordered his men into battle wearing them for identification purposes, but whatever the origins, we grow plenty of them and they taste lovely. The Welsh lovespoon A handcrafted gift made of a solid block of wood, the tradition of a male admirer crafting a lovespoon for a young woman indicated to the woman’s family that he was s


What is the German equivalent of the British 'Ltd' and the American 'LLC' company designations (meaning Limited Company)?

limited liability company : definition of limited liability company and synonyms of limited liability company (English) 9 References   Overview Often incorrectly called a "limited liability corporation" (instead of company), it is a hybrid business entity having certain characteristics of both a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship (depending on how many owners there are). An LLC, although a business entity, is a type of unincorporated association and is not a corporation. The primary characteristic an LLC shares with a corporation is limited liability , and the primary characteristic it shares with a partnership is the availability of pass-through income taxation . It is often more flexible than a corporation, and it is well-suited for companies with a single owner. LLC members are subject to the same alter ego piercing theories as corporate shareholders. However, it is more difficult to pierce the LLC veil because LLCs do not have many formalities to maintain. So long as the LLC and the members do not commingle funds, it would be difficult to pierce its veil. [1] Membership interests in LLCs and partnership interests are also afforded a significant level of protection through the charging order mechanism. The charging order limits the creditor of a debtor-partner or a debtor-member to the debtor’s share of distributions, without conferring on the creditor any voting or management rights. [2] Limited liability company members may, in certain circumstances, also incur a personal liability in cases where distributions to members render the LLC insolvent. [3]   Flexibility and default rules The phrase "unless otherwise provided for in the operating agreement" (or its equivalent) is found throughout all existing LLC statutes and is responsible for the flexibility the members of the LLC have in deciding how their LLC will be governed (provided it does not go outside legal bounds). State statutes typically provide automatic or "default" rules for how an LLC will be governed unless the operating agreement provides otherwise. Similarly, the phrase “unless otherwise provided for in the by laws” is also found in all corporation law statutes but often refers only to a narrower range of matters.   Income taxation For U.S. federal income tax purposes, an LLC is treated by default as a pass-through entity. [4] If there is only one member in the company, the LLC is treated as a “disregarded entity” for tax purposes, and an individual owner would report the LLC’s income or loss on Schedule C of his or her individual tax return. The default tax status for LLCs with multiple members is as a partnership, which is required to report income and loss on IRS Form 1065. Under partnership tax treatment, each member of the LLC, as is the case for all partners of a partnership, annually receives a Form K-1 reporting the member's distributive share of the LLC's income or loss that is then reported on the member's individual income tax return. An LLC with either single or multiple members may elect to be taxed as a corporation through the filing of IRS Form 8832. [5] After electing corporate tax status, an LLC may further elect to be treated as a regular C corporation (taxation of the entity’s income prior to any dividends or distributions to the members and then taxation of the dividends or distributions once received as income by the members) or as an S corporation (entity level income and loss passes through to the members). Some commentators have recommended an LLC taxed as an S-corporation as the best possible small business structure. It combines the simplicity and flexibility of an LLC with the tax benefits of an S-corporation (self-employment tax savings). [6]   Advantages Choice of tax regime . An LLC can elect to be taxed as a sole proprietor , partnership , S corporation or C corporation (as long as they would otherwise qualify for such tax treatment), providing for a great deal of flexibility. A limited liability company with multiple members that elects to be taxed as partnership may specially allocate the members' dist


The Followill brothers and cousin, known by their middle names Nathan, Caleb, Jared and Matthew, are members of which rock band?

Kings of Leon’s Biography —   Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm Biography This page has been locked by a moderator. Kings of Leon is an American rock band that formed in Nashville, Tennessee, United States in 1999, consisting of brothers Anthony "Caleb" Followill (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Ivan "Nathan" Followill (drums, percussion, backing vocals) and Michael "Jared" Followill (bass guitar, backing vocals), with their cousin Cameron "Matthew" Followill (lead guitar, backing vocals). Each member of the family group is known by their middle name (second given name) as opposed to their first given name. The band's early music was an upbeat blend of southern rock and blues influences but the band has gradually expanded their sound to include a variety of genres, including alternative rock . Kings of Leon achieved initial success in the United Kingdom with nine Top 40 singles, two BRIT Awards in 2008, and all three of the band's albums at the time peaking in the top five of the UK Albums Chart. Their third album Because of the Times also reached the number one spot. After the release of Only by the Night in 2008 they finally achieved chart success in their native United States. The singles Sex on Fire , Use Somebody and Notion peaked at number one on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks, while the album itself was their first ever platinum-selling album in the US. Early years (1999–2002) The three Followill brothers spent much of their youth traveling around the Southern United States with their father, Ivan "Leon" Followill, a traveling Pentecostal Church preacher and their mother, Betty-Ann, who taught them when they were not in school. Caleb and Jared were both born in Mt. Juliet, Tennessee, while Nathan and Matthew were born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. According to Rolling Stone magazine, "While Leon preached at churches and tent revivals throughout the Deep South, the boys attended services and were occasionally enlisted to bang on some drums. They were either home-schooled or enrolled in small parochial schools at this time. Except for a five-year period when they settled in Jackson, Tennessee, the Followill's childhoods were spent driving through the south in a purple 1988 Oldsmobile, decamping for a week or two wherever Leon was scheduled to preach." When the boys' father resigned from the church and divorced his wife in 1997, the boys relocated to Nashville and embraced the rock music and lifestyle they had previously been denied. While there, they met songwriter Angelo Petraglia, who helped the siblings hone their songwriting skills and introduced them to the musical influences of the Rolling Stones , The Clash , and Thin Lizzy in particular. Six months later, Nathan and Caleb signed with RCA Records, who insisted that the duo recruit more members for the band before launching their career. The band was formed when cousin Matthew and younger brother Jared were asked to join. They named themselves Kings of Leon in honor of Nathan, Caleb, and Jared's father and grandfather, who were both named Leon. In an interview, Caleb admitted to "kidnapping" their cousin Matthew from his hometown in Mississippi in order for him to join the band. They told his mother that he was just staying for a week, but they consequently never allowed him to return home. Drummer Nathan added, "When we signed the deal with RCA, it was just me and Caleb. The label told us they were going to put a band together, but we said, 'We're going to buy our little brother a bass, he's a freshman in high school. Caleb will teach himself the guitar. Our cousin Matthew played guitar when he was 10 and I'll play drums.' The record label agreed,". Youth and Young Manhood and Aha Shake Heartbreak (2003 - 2005) Their first record, the Holy Roller Novocaine EP was released on February 18, 2003. At this stage, Jared was only 16 years old and had not yet learned to play the bass guitar. The release of Holy Roller Novocaine gave the Kings of Leon a significant amount of exposure prior to the release of their debut album, Youth and Young Manh


What trade union was deplored by Gordon Brown for its actions in the 2010 British Airways cabin staff dispute?

British Airways 'trying to break Unite union' in cabin crew dispute | Business | The Guardian British Airways British Airways 'trying to break Unite union' in cabin crew dispute Joint letter to Guardian from 95 leading academics says BA's radical agenda could erode workers' rights across UK Thursday 25 March 2010 09.47 EDT First published on Thursday 25 March 2010 09.47 EDT Close This article is 6 years old British Airways is attempting to "break" the Unite trade union in a battle with cabin crew that could erode workers' rights across the UK, according to a joint declaration by more than 100 leading industrial relations academics. In a letter to the Guardian , professors from the London School of Economics and other universities accused BA of having a radical agenda in a dispute that is set to enter its second weekend of strikes with no peace talks on the horizon. Unite had pledged to suspend a three-day strike last Saturday if the BA chief executive, Willie Walsh, reinstated a peace offer that had been withdrawn days before. His refusal to put the document back on the table, in apparent exasperation at the union's tactics, was highlighted in the academics' letter, with 116 signatories. "It is clear to us that the actions of the chief executive of British Airways, notwithstanding his protestations to the contrary, are explicable only by the desire to break the union which represents the cabin crew," they wrote in the letter. "What other possible interpretation can there be for Willie Walsh tabling an inferior offer to BA's previous one or indeed of his marshalling of resources, including those of bitter industry rival Ryanair, to undermine the action of his staff?" Unite's cabin crew branch, Bassa, represents 11,000 BA flight attendants and has called a further four-day strike starting on Saturday in what is now a prolonged industrial dispute with embarrassing political consequences for the Labour party, which relies on Unite as a major donor. BA is claiming success in facing down the strike. It mustered an effective auxiliary schedule during a three-day strike last weekend, including 1,000 cabin crew and 22 chartered jets from carriers including Ryanair. This weekend, BA claims it will do even better by running seven out of 10 long-haul services from Heathrow. A BA spokesperson said the airline had gone to extraordinary lengths to secure a peace deal, including talks at the TUC and Acas, the mediation service. He added: "We reject any suggestion that BA's objective is to break the union. We have been in talks with the union for over a year, we have worked with the TUC and Acas and the company's chief executive has appeared at talks in person to try to reach a negotiated settlement. We have also been able to reach deals with the trade unions representing our engineers and pilots." According to sources close to the talks, BA would need to secure a compromise agreement by around 2pm on Saturday in order to have a chance of reinstating its normal flight schedule. The general secretary of the TUC, Brendan Barber, has been attempting to find common ground between both sides this week but so far there is no sign of a renewal of talks. BA's confirmation this week that it will strip all striking cabin crew of discounted travel perks has caused further friction between the airline and Unite, which now wants the move reversed as part of any deal. "Any agreement to end this dispute must and will include a framework for the full restoration of those travel concessions," said Unite's joint general secretaries, Derek Simpson and Tony Woodley. With no sign of a breakthrough, the academics warned about wider consequences if BA faced down Unite: "The wider significance of a triumph of unilateral management prerogative would be a widening of the representation gap in UK employment relations, and a further erosion of worker rights and of that most precious of commodities – democracy. For all these reasons, BA's cabin crew and their union, Unite, deserve our support rather than knee-jerk vilification." Trade union sources have said the mas


In Rugby Union what position does the number 15 play?

Rugby Positions - forward packs : running backs : where you fit in Rugby positions Rugby positions in Union and how you play them. Know them all from  wing to prop. How you choose so you enjoy yourself, feel good and play well. Layout of positions This is what it's all about, where you fit in. This diagram shows all of the 15 player positions in a rugby team based on the  situation where a rugby union scrum has been formed. The 8 forwards are bound together in the scrum. The 7 backs are spread across the field. Rugby positions based on the scrum [Bodies] About choosing a position In life people come in all shapes and sizes. Rugby, more than most other sports, reflects that fact. People from across a huge range of body shapes and sizes will find a suitable position in a rugby team.  Skills, qualities and temperaments also vary with position. A team has 15 players on the field at any one time.  Each player has an allocated place on the field. Knowing the position you have been allocated helps you understand and remember  what you need to do during the game and where you need to be on the pitch. Age, physical characteristics and grade  may affect your choice of position. Age affects choice The younger you are ,the easier it is. When you are starting off  you may be given little choice about where you play. You may already admire a player and  want to be like that player and want to play that position. If that`s so, it`s maybe a good starting point.  Tell the person in charge about it...but it might not happen Make sure you are flexible, you may be better in another position. Wherever you play you will gather skills and experience. With years ahead, you have time to play every position if you want to! Early in a rugby career many of the positions have very similar requirements. Physically, who knows - you change, so look after yourself! eat good quality food in years to come you may be anything Older players starting off may have more choice. Find out what`s needed for each position.  Compare what a position requires  with your own physique, skills and temperament My guess is that vacant positions in the team  may affect the view of the coach  about which is the best position for you! With some research and a bit of thinking  you will be able to voice your preferences.  Make sure you too, are flexible. Concentrate on the game, get into it, help the team.  You can always change positions when you know more  and you`ll really enjoy yourself. Physical characteristics affect choice Bear in mind these basics Bigger, heavier, stronger players go somewhere in the forwards Smaller, faster, elusive players go in the backs You want to enjoy yourself - true? If you are comparatively small and in the forwards   you may be very uncomfortable! You will always be facing   bigger players. In the backs and slower and less agile -   not much fun trying to keep up! Sometimes, depending on age and grade of the game  these overall physical requirements  can be rendered unimportant  by a player with  heaps of enthusiasm and attitude. Grade affects choice This is more for older players  rather than children considering playing rugby Many people learn to play rugby at school.  Others are not so fortunate! If you are new to rugby and interested in playing  I`m guessing it`s for the social side,  where performance is not hugely important. Or maybe you`re college age and want to get serious about it! Either way, look closely  at what is required to play each position. For social players it`s important.  Look for a position where  you will enjoy yourself  and minimise the risk of injury. For competitive environments  look for a position where  you maximise the advantages of  your physical and mental attributes. You will acquire skills quickly because you have the right attitude.  This site will help you. With physical and mental attributes suitable for rugby  search for good ways to acquire the skills. Hint - stay on this site! Try the page about being the best player you can


The 6th century book attributed to Sun Tzu often appied to leadership is called The Art of... what?

Sun-Tzu - Ancient History Encyclopedia Sun-Tzu by Joshua J. Mark published on 04 January 2013 Sun Tzu is known as a Chinese military strategist, Taoist philosopher, and general in the 6th century BCE who is widely recognized for his work The Art of War , a treatise on military strategy (also known as The Thirteen Chapters). Whether an individual by the name of ` Sun-Tzu ’ existed at all has been disputed (in the same way scholars and historians debate the existence of an actual man named Lao-Tzu ) but the existence of The Art of War and its profound influence on military campaigns, clearly proves that someone existed to produce said work and that the work is attributed to one Sun-Tzu.  The historian Griffith writes: War, an integral part of the power politics of the age, had become `a matter of vital importance to the state, the province of life and death, the road to survival or ruin’. To be waged successfully, it required a coherent strategic and tactical theory and a practical doctrine governing intelligence, planning, command, operational, and administrative procedures. The author of `The Thirteen Chapters’ was the first man to provide such a theory and such a doctrine. (Griffith, 44). The difficulty in ascertaining Sun-Tzu’s historicity comes from the early works which mention him, The Spring and Autumn Annals (the state records of the Zhou Dynasty from 722-481 BCE) and the Records of the Grand Historian (known as the Shiji) written between 109-91 BCE by Szuma Chien ( Sima Qian ). Scholars have criticized both works for inaccuracies and possible conflations of events. The argument against Sun-Tzu’s historicity claims that, had such a great military mind existed, more would have been written of him than just passing references. Still, there are many entries in both works, accepted as historically accurate, which are given the same brief treatment. The scholar Eno writes, “The Spring and Autumn Annals… is brief, not very informative, and inconsistent in its choice of events to note. A typical entry might read, `Autumn; eighth month; locusts’.”  The work by Szuma Chien was criticized as largely fanciful concerning his descriptions of the Xia and Shang dynasties until archaeological excavations of the 20th century CE uncovered physical evidence supporting his claims. It is, therefore, possible that a man named Sun-Tzu did exist and is the author of the book which bears his name. This name, however, is a title translated as `The Master’ and is not a personal name. Further, as The Art of War repeatedly uses the phrase, “Sun-Tzu said…” in introducing the precepts, it has been argued that some great military genius, name unknown, wrote the work which was then copied, re-written, edited, or compiled at some point in the Warring States Period in China . It has also been suggested that some student of a man named `Sun-Tzu’ could have written the work based upon his master’s teachings. Scholars who maintain the historicity of Sun-Tzu point to his role in the victory at the Battle of Boju (506 BCE) while scholars who deny said historicity argue that, again, had he been there, he would have played a larger role in the narrative of the battle. Until further evidence comes to light, the debate cannot be resolved; however, whether an individual called `Sun-Tzu’ existed in history is not as important as the work which has made that name famous. Remove Ads Advertisement Both early sources claim that Sun-Tzu served King Ho-Lu of Wu in the Wu-Chu Wars of 512-506 BCE. The famous story of Sun-Tzu executing Ho-Lu’s favorite concubines in order to demonstrate the importance of military discipline has been considered fiction since at least the 11th century CE when the Sung Dynasty scholar Yeh Cheng-Tse first questioned Sun-Tzu’s existence (though that has not stopped the story from being repeated as fact up to the present day). According to Szuma Chien, however, Sun-Tzu was a powerful enough asset that the account should be considered reliable. If Sun-Tzu really did serve Ho-Lu, as is commonly accepted, then the Wu victory at Boju would conf


Valentine and Proteus are the central characters in what Shakespeare play?

Shakespeare's First Romantic Comedy — Utah Shakespeare Festival By Jerry L. Crawford   The Two Gentlemen of Verona appeared to Ben Jonson to be a curious mixture of knowledge and ignorance, of competence and ineptness. He commented that Shakespeare had his characters traveling by sea from one inland town to another; that Proteus, after he has seen Silvia, mentions that he has seen only her picture. Such somewhat picayunish faults most probably occurred because, as Jonson observed, Shakespeare took the plot of his play from a contemporary novel which he "sometimes remember'd and sometimes forgot." William Hazlitt noted that the play contains no more than the bare outlines of the original novel; the play was written in high poetical spirit, with a "careless grace and felicity" which mark it for his. Logan Pearsall Smith noted that the play shows the beginnings of Shakespeare's "gift of the magic phrase." The earliest plays and poems show that Shakespeare's gift was an acquired rather than a natural skill; they are couched, for the most part, in the poetic diction that was the ordinary language of the time. However, such lines in Two Gentlemen as "The uncertain glory of an April day" foreshadow the poetic heights the author was to reach—he is beginning, here, to be Shakespeare. In this play Shakespeare exploits the potential of character to a large degree; the play contains perhaps the largest collection of odd human beings he was ever to bring together in a single play. Written as a court comedy for a select audience, it is an experiment in contemporary satire, containing linguistic affectations and topical allusions in reference to current fads, fashions and cults. Two Gentlemen is Shakespeare's first romantic comedy. While it cannot stand with its successors, it will lead to the likes of Twelfth Night. The central concern of the romantic comedies is the stuff of romance--love, youth, and beauty. The plot is always the same boy meets girl—and the complications arise out of the dramatic fact that "the course of true love never did run smooth." The world of romantic comedy is one in which the improbable looks probable; in which dark moments always pass; in which danger, grief and evil are known to be transitory; and in which there is the constant reassurance that all will be well in the end. It is a world in which, for example, a merchant's ships, after having been reported lost at sea, finally return home safe and sound. It has no specific locality—it is not just Verona, or Belmont, or Illyria--indeed, it is a world rather of atmosphere, of climate, of attitude, of mood; in it, realities are changed into a golden lovely, lyrical neo-reality in which the events of romantic comedy may come to pass. The characters in Shakespeare's romantic comedy may be roughly divided into the upstairs world and the downstairs world—a schism most effectively used in Twelfth Night, in which the activities of the servants burlesque and color the activities of the principals in the romance. Shakespeare's most striking character creations in Two Gentlemen are in the upstairs world—specifically, the romantic protagonists. Julia, Silvia, Proteus, and Valentine are indicative of certain trends in character types which Shakespeare was to develop more fully in later plays. The heroine of the play is Julia. Although she is not as fully realized a character as Silvia, she is the center of the dramatic action, and Silvia is the complication, the obstacle to the course of true love—although doubtless an utterly captivating obstacle; Silvia precedes such magnificent romantic heroines as Portia and Rosalind, who are more sharply individualized and fully realized than she. Julia is the prototype of the "disdainful lady" to which the Elizabethan sonnet cycles were almost universally addressed. Julia is utterly delightful when she tears the letter from Proteus for the benefit of her maid, Lucetta, only to later fit the scraps together again. Shakespeare's romantic heroines never fail to get their men. However, such comments as Rosalind's about Orlando in As Y


What organization famously distributes bibles to hotel rooms?

Why Are There Gideon Bibles in Hotel Rooms?  | Mental Floss Why Are There Gideon Bibles in Hotel Rooms? Like us on Facebook © William Whitehurst/Corbis Because the Gideons put them there! The Gideon Bible is not some special version or translation of the Bible that hotels really like (the books are usually plain old King James Versions); they're named for the group that distributes them. Gideons International got its start in 1898, when two traveling businessmen, John H. Nicholson and Samuel E. Hill, arrived at the crowded Central Hotel in Boscobel, Wisconsin, for the night. The two had never met, but there was only one double room left, so they decided to share it. The men got to talking and found they shared a common faith and had both toyed with the idea of creating an evangelical association for Christian businessmen. They decided to give it a shot together. They called a meeting the following year for men who were interested in joining together for “mutual recognition, personal evangelism, and united service for the Lord.” Only one other person showed up to that meeting—William J. Knights, who suggested they name their organization after Gideon, an Old Testament judge who led a small band of men to defeat a much larger army. As the group expanded in its first few years, most of the new members were men who frequently traveled for work and spent many of their nights in hotel rooms. They wondered how they might be more effective witnesses for Christ on the road, and hit upon the idea of providing Bibles to hotels. They could be used not only by the Gideons’ members as they traveled around the country, but also borrowed by other guests in need of them. They started with the Superior Hotel in Superior, Montana, then set out to put a Bible in every hotel room in America. Since 1908, they’ve distributed more than 1.7 billion Bibles, expanding beyond the U.S. to more than 190 other countries. Passing Them Out The Gideons don’t go room to room themselves, slipping the books in nightstands like Bible elves. When a hotel opens, local Gideons members will present a Bible to the hotel's general manager in a small ceremony and then give enough books for each room and some extras to the housekeeping staff for distribution. In addition to hotel rooms, the Gideons also give Bibles to military bases, hospitals, nursing homes, prisons and to students on college campuses. Each Bible handed out is free of charge, and the project is funded entirely by donations to the group. The Gideons will also replace any books that go missing or get worn out, and the group says that the books have a six-year life expectancy, on average. They don’t get bent out of shape when people ignore the “thou shalt not steal” rule when it comes to the Bibles, either. They’d rather you just take the book if you need it that badly. Based on the success of the Gideons’ Bible project -- the group’s own statistics claim 25% of the people who check into a hotel room will read the Bible placed there -- other religious groups have begun distributing their own free literature to hotels. The Marriott hotel chain, founded by a Mormon, places the The Book of Mormon in many of its rooms, and many hotels also offer Buddhist, Hindu, Christian Scientist or Scientologist books along with the standard Gideon Bible.


Often called 'The Lost City of the Incas', the 15th century ruins of Machu Picchu are in which country?

Machu Picchu - Lost City of the Incas Machu Picchu - Lost City of the Incas   Machu Picchu is an old Inca  site  located in the mountains of Peru, about 80 kilometres northwest of Cusco.  Archaeologists think that Machu Picchu was built as a home for the  emperor  of the Incas, a civilization that lived there before Columbus  discovered  America. The site is often called the Lost City of the Incas. The Spanish conquistadors started  conquering  the Inca in the 16 th  century . But history tells us that they did not know anything about the historic site of Machu Picchu.   Machu Picchu was not known to the outside world  until the American   archaeologist   Hiram Bingham discovered the site in 1911. Since then a large part of the settlement has been  restored  and today, Machu Picchu attracts  hundreds of thousands of tourists from around the world. In 1983 it became a  UNESCO World Heritage site . Travelling to Machu Picchu is no easy deal .Most visitors take the plane to the Peruvian capital Lima and then to Cusco, a small town in the Andes, once the capital of the Inca  empire . There they get used to the altitude of 3,500 meters. From Cusco many tourists take the train to Machu Picchu, although  some very tough  ones go up the Inca Trail , which takes about three or four days. When going on foot you must make reservations  because Peruvian authorities  only allow a certain  number of visitors on the trail every day. Machu Picchu - Lost City of the Incas - http://www.flickr.com/photos/pedrosz/2115782565/   Once you get there Machu Picchu often shows the average  tourist a mystic  image. The site is  situated  on top of a high hill with steep slopes  dropping to the valleys below. The mountains are often covered in  fog  and clouds. The ruins of Machu Picchu are divided into two sections. In the agricultural area visitors can see how the Inca grew their crops  and worked on their land.  In the urban section you can see the Temple of the Sun and other buildings where people lived and worshipped  their gods. Many tourists rush through Machu Picchu in a day and catch the last train back to Cusco, but some people take their time and spend the night in Aguas Calientes, the nearest town, only 6 kilometres away. Those who are in  good physical shape  can go on hiking trips in the nearby mountains and visit smaller peaks  in the area. Although Machu Picchu is Peru’s main tourist  attraction  the government  is worried by almost one million tourists who visit the Andean  fortress  every year. Archaeologists are afraid that the  increasing number of tourists will  damage  the ruins and let the citadel slide  down the steep  mountains as the  soil gives way .   although   = while altitude   = height archaeologist   = person who studies old towns and cultures and examines the buildings that were built centuries ago attract   = pull towards you, catch the attention of attraction   = place which many people visit authorities   = organization or a government department that has power average   = normal capital   = most important city of a country; where the government is century   = a hundred years certain   = special citadel   = fortress; group of buildings or a castle that is used to defend yourself conquistador   = Spanish soldiers who explored the New World and took land and riches away from the people who lived there crop   = a plant that farmers grow and use as food damage   = destroy discover   = to find for the first time emperor   = man who rules a group of countries empire   = group of countries ruled by a king or a queen fog   =     cloudy air near the ground fortress   = group of buildings that are important for defending yourself give w ay = here: break away good physical shape   = your body is strong government   = people who rule a country increase   = go up make a reservation   = book in advance, before you go mystic   = something that is related to religion and that people find hard to understand outside world   = the civilized world peak   = the sharply pointed top of a mountain restore   = to make something return to


Where in the human body are the metacarpals?

Metacarpals Definition, Function & Anatomy | Body Maps Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Metacarpals The metacarpals are long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the "metacarpus." The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to the wrist. On the palm side, they are covered with connective tissue. You can feel and see the metacarpals on the back of your hand, through your skin. The five metacarpals are called thumb metacarpal, index metacarpal, middle metacarpal, ring metacarpal, and small metacarpal. Ten percent of all fractures that occur are those to the metacarpals and phalanges, the most common injuries being from car accidents, sports injuries, and work-related injuries. The goal in repairing these injuries is to do so while maintaining strength of hand grip and no residual pain upon using the hand. Boxers tend to have high incidence of fracture to metacarpals, hence the term "Boxers Fracture."


ISO 9000 and its series of international quality management system standards used in industry and commerce, effectively superseded what British Standard number?

ISO 9000 - What Is ISO 9000? A Standards Series | ASQ ISO 9000 What Is the ISO 9000 Standards Series? Purchase ISO 9000:2015 Quality Glossary Definition: ISO 9000 series standards ISO 9000 is a set of international standards on quality management and quality assurance developed to help companies effectively document the quality system elements to be implemented to maintain an efficient quality system. They are not specific to any one industry and can be applied to organizations of any size. ISO 9000 can help a company satisfy its customers, meet regulatory requirements, and achieve continual improvement. However, it should be considered to be a first step, the base level of a quality system, not a complete guarantee of quality. ISO 9000 vs. 9001 ISO 9000 is a series, or family, of standards. ISO 9001 is a standard within the family. The ISO 9000 family of standards also contains an individual standard named ISO 9000. This standard lays out the fundamentals and vocabulary of quality management systems (QMS). ISO 9000 Series standards ASQ is the only place to get the American National Standard versions of these standards in the ISO 9000 family. ISO 9000 certification Individuals and organizations cannot be certified to ISO 9000. ISO 9001 is the only standard within the ISO 9000 family to which organizations can certify. ISO 9000:2000 ISO 9000:2000 refers to the ISO 9000 update released in the year 2000. The Technical Committee responsible for the ISO 9000 family developed specifications for the ISO 9000:2000 revisions, leading to a significant advancement of the standards and reflecting contemporary concepts of quality management. The ISO 9000:2000 revision had five goals: Meet stakeholder needs ISO 9000:2000 was again updated in 2008 and 2015. ISO 9000:2015 is the most current version. History & revisions: ISO 9000:2000, 2008, and 2015 Originally published in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) , a specialized international agency for standardization composed of the national standards bodies of more than 160 countries Underwent major revision in 2000; revised again in 2008 Current versions of ISO 9000 and ISO 9001 were published in September 2015 ISO 9000 principles of quality management The ISO 9000:2015 and ISO 9001:2015 standards are based on seven quality management principles that senior management can apply for organizational improvement: Customer focus