Ignis fatuus, a faintly luminous flame which hovers over marshy places is known as a Jack O' Lantern or what?

earthlights | MAGONIA I seem to see lights in the distance - What is it that’s glistening there? IBSEN : Peer Gynt Norwegian mythology is rich and varied, and could well prove as rich a source of pre-Arnold UFO-lore as that of any other culture. The first major event in Norwegian ufology, however, was the ‘ghost-rocket’ wave of 1946. which remains to this day one of the most baffling enigmas in UFO history. From that time on Norway has had its share of incidents, with one or two highlights like the 1954 encounter of two sisters with an alien entity while out picking berries, and a curious case in which a car temporarily changed colour after a close encounter with a low-flying UFO. But for the most part the cases have been typical of those seen around the world – one-off incidents of anomalous lights which are convincingly puzzling but contain little for the ufologists to grab hold of. Within the last two years ail this has changed. The pattern of sightings in Norway has been transformed by not one but two clusters of sightings, centred en specific locations and sustained over a period of time — several weeks in one case, many months in the other. This has give UFO Investigators the chance to follow up witnesswith field observations of their own, with results which may well make the names of Arendal and Hessdalen celebrated when the history of the solution of the UFO enigma comes to be written. There are obstacles to UFO investigation in Norway, as I discovered when I went there myself earlier this year to see, if not the UFOs themselves, then at least the places where others were seeing them. The mileometer of my car confirmed what the maps indicates Norway is a vast place. (I don’t think I met a single Norwegian who didn’t at some moment point out to me that if his country could be rotated on its most southern point, his most northern compatriots would find themselves living on the banks of the Nile instead of deep within the Arctic Circle!) Not only is Norway vast, but it is sparsely populated – within that great area live fewer people than in many of the world’s cities. So there is only a skeletal road network, and even that is further hampered by the terrain, as I discovered one day when I foolishly sought to cross a mountain pass which I assumed would have been cleared by late May, only to find it was still blocked with snow, forcing me to make a detour measured in hundreds of miles. Under such conditions investigation would make severe demands on any UFO organisation, and of course Norway’s small population means that its UFO organisations are also small in proportion. Fortunately, they are also enthusiastic and adventurous, and within the scope of their means they have made the most of their opportunities. What happened at Arendal Arendal is a picturesque coastal town in southern Norway, in a popular holiday area. During November 1981 many witnesses reported anomalous lights in the sky, inspiring UFO-Norge to set up regular surveillance. Their efforts were rewarded: they obtained 78 successful photos, of which 25 show complex light forms which are manifestly different from the photos of aircraft taken by way of control on the same spot on the same occasions by the same people with the same cameras. Though I am no kind of expert on photographic evidence, I have to say that the Arendal photos are among the most impressive I have ever seen. Not a hint of Adamski-type mother-ships and scouts, but a clear indication of something more complex than a simple light-in-the-sky. Witnesses reported structured shapes, but these do not show up in the photos: they do however suggest cylindrical forms surrounding the blocks of blue, orange and green light. The Arendal photographs contain information which should be susceptible of analysis. Characteristic is a change in light intensity when the object changes direction. At each of a succession of 90° turns, for instance, the cameras record a big blast of light. It is inferred that this indicates a sudden outburst of energy, though this is not the only possible explanation. The des


Tarzan (Character) Tarzan (Character) from Tarzan (1999) The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. Overview Tarzan is the main character in Edgar Rice Burroughs' book "Tarzan... See more  » Alternate Names: Infant Tarzan / Shame / Tarsan / Tarzan Aerial Artist / Tarzan Kid / Tarzan Teenager / Tarzan aged 12 / Tarzan aged one / Tarzan as a Boy / Tarzan enfant / Tarzan of the Apes / Tarzun / Tarzï¿½n / Teenage Tarzan / Young Tarzan Filmography ... aka "NBC's Saturday Night" - USA (complete title) ... aka "SNL" - USA (informal title) ... aka "SNL 25" - USA (alternative title) ... aka "Saturday Night" - USA (first season title) ... aka "Saturday Night Live '80" - USA (sixth season title) ... aka "Saturday Night Live 15" - USA (fifteenth season title) ... aka "Saturday Night Live 20" - USA (twentieth season title) ... aka "Saturday Night Live 25" - USA (twentyfifth season title)


King Harold was killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 when an arrow went into what part of his body?

King Harold II (1066) and The Battle of Hastings - ArtiFact :: Free Encyclopedia of Everything Art, Antiques & Collectibles King Harold II (1066) and The Battle of Hastings Parents: Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and Gytha of Denmark Relation to Elizabeth II: husband of the 30th great-grandmother House of: Wessex Ascended to the throne: January 5, 1066 Crowned: January 6, 1066 at Westminster Abbey, aged c.43 Married: (1) Eadgyth (Swan-neck), Daughter of Earl of Mercia (2) Ealdyth widow of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Children: 1 or 2 sons and several illegitimate children Died: October 14, 1066 at Senlac Abbey, Sussex, of wounds following the Battle of Hastings Buried at: Pevensey reburied Waltham Abbey Reigned for: 9 months, and 8 days Succeeded by: Edgar the Aethling, and then Edward the Confessor’s 2nd cousin William of Normandy Last Anglo-Saxon king of England, January to October 1066. He was defeated and killed by William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) at the Battle of Hastings. Harold succeeded his father Earl Godwine in 1053 as Earl of Wessex.. He had no bloodline to the throne but his sister Edith was married to King Edward the Confessor. In January 1066 when Edward died childless, the Witan (or Witenagemot a council of high-ranking religious and secular men) elected Harold to succeed him and one day later he was crowned King Harold II. William of Normandy claimed that he had been promised the throne by his relative Edward and that in 1063 Harold had sworn allegiance to support his claim. On hearing of Harold’s coronation William prepared to invade England to claim the throne. Meanwhile, Harold’s brother Tostig who had quarrelled with Harold joined the king of Norway Harald Hardrada in invading Northumbria. Harold routed and killed them at Stamford Bridge, near York, on 25 September. Three days later William landed at Pevensey, Sussex, and Harold and his army marched quickly South to face him. The Battle of Hastings took place on 14 October 1066. Harold’s army was defeated and he was killed in the battle. The Witan elected 15 year-old Edgar the Aethling, a grandson of King Edmund II Ironside, as the next Anglo-Saxon King. However he was the uncrowned King for only a few weeks from 15 October to 10 December 1066 when William entered London and declared himself king. The Witan and Edgar were forced to submit to William of Normandy at Berkhamstead Castle in Hertfordshire. On the death of Edward the Confessor without a direct heir, the Witan elected his brother-in-law, the powerful Harold Godwineson, Earl of Wessex, as King. Harold had been elected from a number of candidates, including the Atheling, Edgar, who although he had the superior hereditary right, being Edward’s great-nephew, was considered too young at the time to make an effective ruler. It was claimed that Edward had willed his throne to his brother-in-law, Harold, on his deathbed, ignoring his previous promise to his enraged cousin William of Normandy. The future Harold II had been born around 1020-22, half Saxon and half Dane, he was the eldest son of Godwine, Earl of Wessex and Kent and Gytha, the daughter of Harold Bluetooth, King of Denmark. Making him the first cousin of King Canute. On his father’s side he was descended from a cadet line of the House of Wessex, Godwine’s father, Wulfnoth Cild, was the fourth great-grandson of Ethelred I. Edward the Confessor had banished Earl Godwine and his family in 1051, Edward bore a deep resentment to Godwine, who he believed to be implicated in the murder of his brother, Alfred, when on a visit to England during the reign of Harold I. Earl Harold sailed to Ireland, where he gathered troops, on returning to England, he met up with his father’s forces and they jointly advanced on London. Edward the Confesssor was forced to restore them to power. Godwine died in 1053, whilst feasting with the king during Easter at Winchester, reportedly of an apoplexy. Harold on the Bayuex Tapestry Harold had lead campaigns as Edward’s lieutenant in Wales and defeated Gruffydd ab Llywellyn, whose widow, Aldgyth, he took for his wife. In


Which UK TV series, set in Peckham, London, over 7 years chronicled the attempts of an ambitious market trader and his younger brother to get rich?

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What is the name of the mountain range that runs for 870 miles for the full length of Italy?

Apennine Range | mountains, Italy | Britannica.com Apennine Range Alternative Titles: Appennines, Appennini, Appennino Related Topics Ariano Irpino Apennine Range, also called the Apennines, Italian Appennino, series of mountain ranges bordered by narrow coastlands that form the physical backbone of peninsular Italy . From Cadibona Pass in the northwest, close to the Maritime Alps , they form a great arc, which extends as far as the Egadi Islands to the west of Sicily . Their total length is approximately 870 miles (1,400 kilometres), and their width ranges from 25 to 125 miles. Mount Corno , 9,554 feet (2,912 metres), is the highest point of the Apennines proper on the peninsula. The range follows a northwest–southeast orientation as far as Calabria , at the southern tip of Italy; the regional trend then changes direction, first toward the south and finally westward. The Apennines mountain range. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Apennines are among the younger ranges of the Alpine system and, geologically speaking, are related to the coastal range of the Atlas Mountains of North Africa . Similarities have also been observed with the Dinaric Alps , which extend through the Balkan region, including Greece. Nearby Sardinia and Corsica , on the other hand, are dissimilar to the Apennines, their granitic rock masses being linked to outcroppings along the Spanish and French coast, from which they parted some 20 million years ago. Physical features Geology The majority of geologic units of the Apennines are made up of marine sedimentary rocks that were deposited over the southern margin of the Tethys Sea , the large ocean that spread out between the Paleo-European and the Paleo-African plates during their separation in the Mesozoic Era (about 250 to 65 million years ago). These rocks are mostly shales, sandstones, and limestones, while igneous rocks (such as the ophiolites of the northern Apennines, the remains of an older oceanic crust) are scarce. The oldest rocks—metamorphic units of the late Paleozoic Era (about 300 to 250 million years ago), with their continental sedimentary cover containing plant remains—represent the relicts of the ancient continental crust of Gondwanaland and are found in small outcroppings. The granitic intrusions and metamorphic units of the Calabrian and Sicilian ranges are also Paleozoic (Hercynian orogeny), but they are believed to be Alpine in origin and only became part of the Apennine chain through subsequent major tectonic movements. Similar Topics Jura Mountains The Apennine orogeny developed through several tectonic phases, mostly during the Cenozoic Era (i.e., since about 65 million years ago), and came to a climax in the Miocene and Pliocene epochs (about 23 to 2.6 million years ago). The Apennines consist of a thrust-belt structure with three basic trending motions: toward the Adriatic Sea (the northern and central ranges), the Ionian Sea (Calabrian Apennines), and Africa (Sicilian Range). During Plio-Pleistocene times (i.e., about 5,300,000 to 11,700 years ago), ingression and regression of the sea caused the formation of large marine and continental sedimentary belts (sands, clays, and conglomerates) along the slopes of the new chain. In the past million years numerous large faults have developed along the western side of the Apennines, which may be connected to the crustal thinning that began about 10 million years ago and resulted in the formation of a new sea, the Tyrrhenian. Most of these faults have also facilitated strong volcanic activity, and a volcanic chain has formed along them from Mount Amiata in Tuscany to Mount Etna in Sicily; most of these volcanoes—including Mount Amiata, Mount Cimino, the Alban Hills near Rome , and the Ponza Islands—are extinct, but, to the south, Mount Vesuvius, the Eolie Islands , and Mount Etna are all still active. Seismic activity is common along the entire length of the chain (including Sicily), with more than 40,000 recorded events since ad 1000. Mostly earthquakes are shallow (three to 19 miles deep), and their occurrence is probably connec


The first official World Cup for which sport, that requires navigational skills using a map and compass to navigate from point to point in diverse and usually unfamiliar terrain, was held in 1986?

WOC in the Future: Not quite dead anyway? | World of O News World of O News Home / Orienteering News / WOC in the Future: Not quite dead anyway? WOC in the Future: Not quite dead anyway? Jan Kocbach March 22, 2012 Orienteering News 17 Comments While the IOF killed the WOC in the Future project in January , the Nordic Orienteering Federations believe that the WOC in the future project should be thoroughly evaluated and brought to a conclusion at the General Assembly in 2012. Consequently the Nordic Orienteering federations submitted a new proposal for a split WOC to the General Assembly at the last possible day – March 20th. Update March 22nd 12:00: Switzerland and Italy have also submitted proposals for a new WOC program – see the details here . The Swiss proposal suggests to keep a yearly WOC week, but include a chase start event and get rid of the qualification races for long and middle. The Italian proposal suggests to get rid of qualification race for long, include a mixed relay. It also includes a specific form of spreading for the long distance. The Nordic proposal is to organize a “Terrain” WOC and “Urban” WOC in alternating years. The terrain WOC would include the existing Middle, Long and Relay disciplines plus one additional “first-to-finish” discipline [Editors comment: Suggested to be 25 minutes prologue + 25 minute chasing start]. Qualifications for the middle and long distance races would be based upon some form of nation strength system. The new additional distance and relay would be open to equal participation for all nations. The urban WOC would include the existing individual start sprint discipline (with qualifications and final), a knock-out sprint discipline based upon the experience of the World Cup (NORT) and a sprint-relay. For the urban WOC, equal participation of all IOF nations for all distances will be possible. You can read the complete proposal as submitted to the IOF here (English text) – for comparison here is the  suggestion by SOFT last November – which is similar in most respects. First “Terrain” WOC in 2016 It is proposed that the first “Terrain” WOC is organized at the latest in 2016 and the first “Urban” WOC 2017. Note that 2016 is the year Sweden will most probably be WOC organizer, whereas China may be a possible organizer for a sprint WOC in 2017. Relating these goals to the current WOC format we do feel that it is appropriate to make changes to the current WOC program, as it is limiting in reaching these goals. Analysis The proposal from the Nordic countries is very well built up – building the proposed program on a vision for the future WOC and a set of goals. This type of argument was missing in the original proposed WOC in the future program from the IOF – and it surely strengthens the chances for the program to succeed in getting support at the General Assembly in Switzerland in June. Looking back to the World of O article on the topic from August 2010 where I argumented for a split WOC as a very good alternative compared to the IOF proposal, the NORD suggestion is nearly identical to the program suggested there. Repeating and expanding on some of the arguments from that article: There will be room for both the traditional long distance, the middle distance and a first-to-finish event. Both a KnockOut sprint, a traditional sprint (possibly also both city sprint and forest sprint) and a sprint relay can be introduced into the program – disciplines which are easier to master for the less developed orienteering nations The Sprint WOC will be easier to organize for less developed orienteering nations, making it easier to spread orienteering to new nations. An urban WOC program can be organized in many locations where it would be difficult to organize a terrain WOC and vice versa. A Sprint WOC could be one of the best roads towards the Olympic goal of the IOF. I still believe a split WOC is clearly the only good option if the premise is that you need to introduce new disciplines in order to develop the sport in the right direction – which was an important premise in the WOC in the


"Who wrote the songs for the film version of ""The Wizard of Oz""?"

Harold Arlen - Biography - We're Off to See the Wizard   WE'RE OFF TO SEE THE WIZARD! - COMPOSING THE SCORE TO     THE WIZARD OF OZ In     July 1938, Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg were signed by Metro Goldwyn Mayer (M-G-M) to write the score for the filming of the childhood classic The Wizard of Oz. Arthur Freed, associate producer of the film,     pushed for the Arlen-Harburg team to compose the score because he felt     that Harburg's feeling for lyrical fantasy and Arlen's musical fancy together     created the perfect combination for the project. Once signed, the team began work immediately having only had two months     to turn out what was expected to be a unique and extended film score!     The pressure was on, even for the veteran writer Arlen, who later admitted     that the assignment really troubled him. Once they had completed what     Harold called the "lemon drop" songs, We're Off to See     the Wizard, The Merry Old Land of Oz, Ding-Dong!     The Witch is Dead, Harold felt that a ballad was needed to balance     them out. "I felt we needed something with a sweep, a melody with     a broad, long, line. Time was getting short, I was getting anxious. My     feeling was that picture songs need to be lush, and picture songs are     hard to write." The song came to Harold literally out of the blue one day while he and     Anya were headed to a movie at Grauman's Chinese Theater. As they were     driving along Sunset Boulevard, the broad, long-lined melody suddenly     came to him. He jotted it down in the car on one of his jotting papers,     which he was known to carry around with him in case struck with an idea.     Of the breakthrough, Harold said, "It was as if the Lord said, 'Well,     here it is, now stop worrying about it!'" After completing the bridge (the middle section of the song) the next     day, the song was ready for Harburg to hear. Unfortunately, the lyricist     did not react to it with the joy Harold had hoped for. Harburg felt that the song was too grand in proportion for a little girl in Kansas to be     singing and that it might clash the direct simplicity and lightness of     the other songs. Still, Harold defended his hard-won tune and played it     for friend Ira Gershwin to get a second opinion. Gershwin liked it. Harburg,     in response to Gershwin's approval, quickly titled the new song Over     the Rainbow and composed its lyrics. Judy Garland, who was cast to play the lead role of Dorothy, heard the     song and loved it, but the other ears at M-G-M were not as impressed.     Miss Garland has written, "When I first met Harold I was just 14     years old and the first song of the score for The Wizard of Oz they played for me was Over the Rainbow. I was terribly     impressed by Mr. Arlen's great genius and very much in awe of him. As     I recall, it seems that Harold always treated me as an equal and not as     a child. We have been great friends through the years." "[As     for] my feeling toward Over the Rainbow now, it has become     a part of my life. It is so symbolic of everybody's dream and wish that     I am sure that's why people sometimes get tears in their eyes when they     hear it. I have sung it dozens of times and it's still the song that is     closest to my heart. It is very gratifying to have a song that is more or less known as my song, or my theme song, and to have had it written     by the fantastic Harold Arlen." Over the Rainbow was deleted from the print of The Wizard     of Oz three times! After each deletion Arthur Freed would storm into     the front office and argue it back into the film. Further opposition came     from the publisher, who objected to the "difficult-to-sing" octave leap in the melody on the word "some-where," and also     to the simple middle. But Freed and Arlen stood up to the powers-that-be     and the song remain


Which university, in 1878, was the first in Britain to make all degrees open to women?

The University of London and Women Students The University of London and Women Students Jacqueline Banerjee , Ph.D, Contributing Editor, Victorian Web [ Victorian Web Home —> Social History —> Education —> University of London ] The University has a very good record here. Women students could attend classes at Birkbeck from 1830, and in 1832 two brave souls signed up for some lectures on electricity at London University — as University College was then known (Harte, The Admission of Women 5). The date from which women were really welcomed at University College is sometimes given as 1848 (e.g. Ackroyd 512), but their presence is not actually recorded until over a hundred schoolmistresses and the like attended lectures on animal physiology in 1861-2. The true breakthrough here came in the later '60s through the efforts of Henry Morley, a lecturer in English who came over from King's in 1865, because his Unitarian beliefs prevented him from becoming a Professor at that still strongly Anglican establishment. Morley conducted a concerted campaign to get women admitted to his new place of work on a regular basis. He was the right man at the right time, for this was a period when the tide was obviously turning. The Slade School of Fine Art opened in 1871, with both men and women attending most of the classes; and the London School of Medicine for Women was set up in 1874. To trace the process at University College briefly: a decision to offer "Tuesday Evening Lectures" in the college "adapted to a general audience, including ladies" (Harte, The Admission of Women 8) was followed by the gradual integration of a "Ladies' Educational Association" with regular college classes, and mixed classes were at last established in October 1878. Meanwhile, King's had already been contributing very usefully to the provision of higher education for women, largely through the efforts and inspiration of F.D. Maurice , Professor of English Literature and History there since 1840, and Professor of Theology from 1846-1853.  Along with other members of staff at King's, he had founded Queen's College in Harley Street, mainly for the education of future governesses, in 1846. Amongst its early pupils were those two future girls' school principals, the pioneering and redoubtable Miss Buss and Miss Beale. From the start, the Anglican Queen's College was open to girls and women from the age of twelve, and it was destined to become what it is now — a very fine public school for girls. King's people also actively supported the non-denominational Bedford College, a new establishment for women in Bedford Square, founded by the social reformer Elizabeth Jesser Reid in 1849. Dickens sent one of his daughters for art lessons there. This too took younger pupils, but it developed differently from Queen's College, becoming a fully-fledged women's college in 1900. Later (in 1985) it would merge with another women's establishment, Royal Holloway College , to make one of the major constituent colleges of today's university. In the early years, many King's Professors taught at both Queen's College and Bedford College in their spare time; a number of University College Professors also taught at Bedford College. At last, in 1878, not only could women students take their places alongside men at University College, but the battle for women's rights within the university as a whole was finally won: its examinations were opened to women. However long the process may seem, the University of London was still the first in the country to grant degrees to women, and when these bluestockinged trailblazers actually appeared in the Convocation of 1882, Punch celebrated with a verse entitled "Girl Graduates."  The concluding stanza provides a fitting memento of the occasion: Thus Woman wins. Haul down your flag,     Oh, stern misogynist, before her. However much a man may brag     Of independence, he'll adore her. Traditions of the bygone days     Are cast aside, old rules are undone; In Convocation Woman sways     The University of London. [qtd in Harte, The Univers


What is the name of a whirlpool between two islands of the Lofoten Group north west of Norway, which is the result of opposing tidal currrents sweeping through a narrow channel?

Islands, Roads and Chang'e 3 on Pinterest Forward The Lofoten Maelstrom, Norway: This watery abyss inspired both Edgar Allen Poe’s A Descent into the Maelstrom and Jules Verne’s Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea. One of the world’s most ferocious eddies, it appears twice a day just off the Lofoten Islands in northern Norway. As the tide runs back into the main stream, it triggers huge whirlpools that spiral down into the depths at high speed. See More


Which book of the Bible contains the story of the visit of the Queen of Sheba to the court of King Solomon?

Queen of Sheba Bible Story Queen of Sheba Bible Story   Old Testament The Last Days of Solomon's Reign Bible Story for Children and Adults This famous The Last Days of Solomon's Reign Bible Story for Adults, Teens and Children about Queen of Sheba is a free, printable Bible Study resource which can be read by teens or adults or used at Sunday School for Christian children and young kids. Enjoy this free, printable short Queen of Sheba Bible Story for adults, teens, young children and kids taken from the Old Testament. Free Bible Lessons on Bible Stories Please click The Temple Kids Bible Lesson to access a Bible lesson on this Bible story for children. Printable Queen of Sheba Bible Story The Last Days of Solomon's Reign The Last Days of Solomon's Reign Queen of Sheba Bible Story I Kings x : 1, to xi: 43. Under King Solomon the land of Israel arose to greatness as never before and never afterwards. All the countries around Israel, and some that were far away, sent their princes to visit Solomon. And every one who saw him wondered at his wisdom and his skill to answer hard questions. It was said that King Solomon was the wisest man in all the world. He wrote many of the wise sayings in the Book of Proverbs, and many more that have been lost. He wrote more than a thousand songs. He spoke of trees, and of animals, and of birds, and of fishes. From many lands people came to see Solomon's splendor in living and to listen to his wise words. In a land more than a thousand miles from Jerusalem, on the south of Arabia, in the land of Sheba, the queen heard of Solomon's wisdom. She left her home, with a great company of her nobles, riding on camels and bearing rich gifts; and she came to visit King Solomon. The queen of Sheba brought to Solomon many hard questions, and she told him all that was in her heart. Solomon answered all her questions, and showed her all the glory of his palace, and his throne, and his servants, and the richness of his table, and the steps by which he went up from his palace to the house of the Lord. And when she had heard and seen all, she said: "All that I heard in my own land of your wisdom and your greatness was true. But I did not believe it until I came and saw your kingdom. And not half was told me; for your wisdom and your splendor are far beyond what I had heard. Happy are those who are always before you to hear your wisdom! Blessed be the Lord thy God, who has set thee on the throne of Israel!" And the queen of Sheba gave to Solomon great treasures of gold, and sweet-smelling spices, and perfumes; and Solomon also made to her rich presents. Then she went back to her own land. Solomon's great palace, where he lived in state, stood on the southern slope of Mount Moriah, a little lower than the Temple. Its pillars of cedar were very many, so that they stood like a forest; and on that account it was called "The House of the Forest of Lebanon." From this palace a wide staircase of stone led up to the Temple, and Solomon and his princes walked up these stairs when they went to worship. But there was a dark side as well as a bright side to the reign of Solomon. His palaces, and the walled cities that he built to protect his kingdom on all sides, and the splendor of his court, cost much money. To pay for these he laid heavy taxes upon his people, and from all the tribes he compelled many of the men to work on buildings, to become soldiers in his army, to labor in his fields, and to serve in his household. Before the close of Solomon's reign the cry of the people rose up against Solomon and his rule, on account of the heavy burdens that he had laid upon the land. Solomon was very wise in affairs of the world, but he had no feeling for the poor of the land, nor did he love God with all his heart. He chose for his queen a daughter of Pharoah, the king of Egypt, and he built for her a splendid palace. And he married many other women who were the daughters of kings. These women had worshipped idols in their own homes, and to please them, Solomon built on the Mount of Olives a temple of idols, in full view of


"Who was the star of ""8 Mile"" (2002) a hip-hop drama film which was a fictionalized account of his growing up in Detroit and early career in rap?"

Watch 8 mile 2002 Online for Free in HD - Download 8 mile 2002 Movie in High Quality Watch Movies Online For Free – Stream Full Length Movies Watch 8 mile 2002 Free Online 8 Mile is a 2002 American hip-hop drama film, directed by Curtis Hanson and starring Eminem, Kim Basinger, Brittany Murphy, and Mekhi Phifer. The film is a fictionalized account of Eminem’s poor growing up in Detroit and early career in rap, and as such the film is set in the underground Detroit hip hop scene in the year 1995. The film depicts white rapper Jimmy “B-Rabbit” Smith Jr. as he struggles for respect among his black peers. The film was successful financially, was well received critically, and won an Academy Award for the Best Original Song for Eminem’s “Lose Yourself”, becoming the first film to have a rap/hip-hop song win an Academy Award. Plot: A rap version of “Saturday Night Fever.” B-Rabbit, a wannabe rapper from the wrong side of Detroit’s 8 Mile, has problems: he dumps his girlfriend when she tells him she’s pregnant; to save money to make a demo tape, he moves into his alcoholic mom’s trailer; his job’s a dead end, and he’s just choked at the local head to head rap contest. Things improve when he meets Alex an aspiring model headed for New York and a fast-talking pal promises to set up the demo. Then new setbacks: Alex isn’t faithful, mom rejects him, rifts surface with his friends, and he’s mugged by rivals. Everything hinges on the next rap showdown at the club. Can B-Rabbit pull truth out of his cap? Cast


At the 1972 Olympic Games at Munich, which 16-year-old Soviet gymnast won three gold medals?

Olga Valentinovna Korbut | Soviet gymnast | Britannica.com Olga Valentinovna Korbut Olga Valentinovna Korbut, (born May 16, 1955, Grodno , Belorussia , U.S.S.R. [now Hrodna, Belarus]), Soviet gymnast who won three gold medals at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich , West Germany . Olga Korbut performing the floor exercise during the gymnastics competition at the 1972 Olympics in … © John Dominis—Time Life Pictures/Getty Images At age 11, Korbut entered a Soviet sports school led by Renald Knysh, her future coach. In 1969 she competed in her first U.S.S.R. championship, placing fifth. At the meet she became the first gymnast to perform a backward aerial somersault on the balance beam and the first to do a backward release on the uneven parallel bars; the moves became known as the Korbut salto and the Korbut flip, respectively. In the 1970 meet she won a gold medal in the vault. Highlights of a gymnastics competition between the U.S.S.R. and Japan featuring a young Olga … Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library For much of 1972 before the Olympics, Korbut was out of competition because of illness and injury. At the Olympics her diminutive prettiness captivated the Munich audiences. She won individual gold medals in the balance beam and the floor exercise and an individual silver in the uneven parallel bars, as well as a gold with the Soviet team. In 1973 she won the Russian and World Student games and a silver medal in the European championships. In the 1976 Olympic Games at Montreal, she won a team gold medal and an individual silver medal for the balance beam. Korbut graduated from the Grodno Pedagogical Institute in 1977 and retired from Olympic competition thereafter. In 1991 she relocated to the United States , where she taught gymnastics . Learn More in these related articles:


What secret organisation of Irishmen in the Scranton Anthracite Mining district of Pennsylvania 1865 - 1875, was in violent conflict with the mine owners?

Molly Maguires - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Molly Maguires For the movie, see The Molly Maguires (film) . Location of the counties in northeastern Pennsylvania where the Molly Maguires were active The neutrality of this article is disputed . Please see the discussion on the talk page . Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (December 2007) This article may be too long to comfortably read and navigate. Please consider splitting content into sub-articles and using this article for a summary of the key points of the subject. (April 2009) The Molly Maguires were members of a secret Irish organization. Many historians believe the "Mollies" were present in the anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania in the United States from approximately the time of the American Civil War until a series of sensational arrests and trials in the years 1876−1878. Evidence that the Molly Maguires were responsible for coalfield crimes and kidnapping in the U.S. rests largely upon allegations of one powerful industrialist, and the testimony of one Pinkerton detective. Fellow prisoners also testified against the alleged Molly Maguires, but some believe these witnesses may have been coerced or bribed.[ citation needed ] There is little doubt that some Irish miners conspired to resist their exploitative conditions; however, the trusts seem to have focused almost exclusively upon the Molly Maguires for criminal prosecution. This may be a consequence of Irish miners acting as the core of militant union activism during a bitter strike provoked by a twenty percent wage reduction. Violence during the period was widespread, with Irish Catholic miners who reportedly made up the secret organization also falling victim. Some aspects of the investigations, trials, and executions are unseemly. Information passed from the Pinkerton detective, intended only for the detective agency and their client — the most powerful industrialist of the region — was apparently also provided to vigilantes who ambushed and murdered miners suspected of being Molly Maguires. The vigilantes did not spare the miners’ families. [1] The industrialist standing to gain financially from the destruction of the striking union acted as prosecutor of some of the alleged Molly Maguires at their trials. Molly history is sometimes presented as the prosecution of an underground movement that was motivated by personal vendettas, and sometimes as a struggle between organized labor and powerful industrial forces. [2] Whether membership in the Molly organization overlapped union membership to any appreciable extent remains open to conjecture. Much remains uncertain, for the Molly Maguires left virtually no evidence of their existence, and nearly everything that we know about them was written by biased contemporary observers. [3] Contents 6 External links [ edit ] Mollies in Ireland The Molly Maguires originated in Ireland , where secret societies with names such as Whiteboys and Peep O'Day Boys were common beginning in the 18th century and through most of the 19th century. In Making Sense of the Molly Maguires, historian Kevin Kenny traces "some institutional continuity" from the Molly Maguires, back to the Ribbonmen , and previously, to the Defenders . [4] Another organization — the Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH), with which the Molly Maguires have sometimes been associated — was founded in the United States , and is properly described as a fraternal organization. Although some believe that the Molly Maguires, Ribbonmen, and Ancient Order of Hibernians are different names for the same organization, Kenny has cast some doubt on such linkages, describing the practice of conflating these names as a strategy which "provided an important rationale for [the Molly Maguires'] eventual destruction." Kenny observes that most of the Ireland-based equivalents of the AOH were secret societies, and some were violent. Kenny describes a process of leaders from north-central and northwestern Ireland "[adapting] their AOH lodges to classic 'Ribbonite' purposes." [5] Even though there


In which country is the city of Tangier?

Tangier | Morocco | Britannica.com Tangier Alternative Titles: Tanger, Tánger, Ṭanjah, Tingis Related Topics Abd al-Aziz Tangier, French Tanger, Spanish Tánger, Arabic Ṭanjah, port and principal city of northern Morocco . It is located on a bay of the Strait of Gibraltar 17 miles (27 km) from the southern tip of Spain; Tétouan lies about 40 miles (65 km) to the southeast. Pop. (2004) 669,685. Port and ramparts of the old town, Tangier, Mor. M. Williams/Shostal Associates The city Tangier is built on the slopes of a chalky limestone hill. The old town (medina), enclosed by 15th-century ramparts, is dominated by a casbah, the sultan’s palace (now a museum of Moroccan art), and the Great Mosque. European quarters, whose populations have declined considerably since integration with Morocco in 1956, stretch to the south and west. Tangier has been the summer site of the Moroccan royal residence since 1962. An important port and trade centre, the city has excellent road and rail connections with Fès , Meknès , Rabat , and Casablanca , as well as an international airport and regular shipping services to Europe . The building trades, fishing , and textile and carpet manufacturing supplement the city’s vibrant tourist trade. The port of Tangier, Mor., as seen from the cliffs west of the city. © Michael Hynes Tangier and its suburbs dominate the surrounding region, which occupies the northernmost area of the country, situated on a peninsula immediately north of the Gharb lowland plain and adjacent to the Rif Mountains that lie to the southeast. Beyond the city, the region is poor in resources. Vegetable growing and poultry breeding have traditionally been the main rural economic pursuits. The famous Grand Socco (grand souk) market, Tangier, Mor. © Michael Hynes During the early to mid-20th century, Tangier was periodically under the collective administration of several countries. It was during this time that many Westerners settled there, and the city became a place of great political and artistic ferment. Tangier was famous as a destination of artists and writers from Europe and the United States during the 1950s and ’60s and to a lesser extent in later decades. One of the most famous Moroccan writers to reside and work there was Mohamed Choukri (Muḥammad Shukrī), whose For Bread Alone (1973), the first of three autobiographical works, chronicled coming of age in Tangier. History Casablanca Few cities have had a more varied history than Tangier. Existing already as a Phoenician trading post in the middle of the 1st millennium bce, it later became Carthaginian; the remains of a Carthaginian settlement can still be seen near Cape Spartel. In 81 bce the Roman general Quintus Sertorius captured the city (then known as Tingis) from the Mauretanian king Bocchus I . In 38 bce, during a round of Roman civil unrest, Tingis was taken on behalf of Octavian (the future emperor Caesar Augustus ) by Bocchus II from his brother Bogud, who supported Octavian’s rival, Mark Antony . Becoming a free city in 42 ce, Tingis was made the capital of the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana, with the name Tingis Colonia Julia Traducta, and it remained important commercially even after the political capital was removed to Volubilis . After five centuries of Roman rule and a brief occupation by the Vandals in the 5th century, Tingis was captured by the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century. When the Arabs arrived in the 7th century, however, Ceuta , not Tangier, seems to have been their principal fortress on the strait. The Arab general ʿUqbah ibn Nāfiʿ (Sidi Okba) reached Tangier in 682 and from there raided deep into Morocco. In 707, when Mūsā ibn Nuṣayr was appointed governor of North Africa , he had to reconquer Tangier; the Amazigh (Berber) Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād was appointed governor and in 711 launched an invasion of Spain , where his landing point, Gibraltar , still bears his name as a corruption of Jabal Ṭāriq (Mount Ṭāriq). In 951 ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III of Córdoba, the first caliph of the western Umayyad dynasty , annexed the city, and it remained under Mu


Which politician issued a CD of love songs that he had written and co-written, in 2003?

CNN.com - Berlusconi: Politician to composer - Oct. 31, 2003 Berlusconi: Politician to composer Berlusconi releases love songs album, co-written by Apicella (left) Story Tools MILAN, Italy (Reuters) -- As a businessman he wrote checks. As a politician, he has written speeches. Now Silvio Berlusconi has gone back to one of his first loves: writing songs. They may never be compared to Lennon and McCartney's, but the Italian prime minister's lyrics for a new CD, which goes on sale Friday, are making sound waves. The billionaire premier, who started his working life as a cruise ship crooner, said over the summer that writing songs was more enjoyable than keeping his fractious coalition together. Now he can sweeten up his angry ministers with syrupy lyrics like "Without you my day is empty and my night is sad," or "Never leave me alone, stay here with me. Don't leave me alone, I need you." Or this: "Tell me it doesn't end here, that you don't want to throw away our strange love like this. Tell me you'll come back to me with no more bitter words, let me win your heart." The album of 14 ballads called "Meglio Una Canzone" (Better a Song) features Berlusconi's lyrics sung by Mariano Apicella, a guitar-playing musician he met in a hotel bar in Naples in 2001. "He heard me playing and came over to talk. We played together a bit and then had the idea of writing some songs," Apicella told Reuters. Berlusconi and Apicella burrowed themselves away at the premier's plush summer residence in Sardinia this summer where they composed about 30 songs and were caught on camera having a sing-along in the garden. The royalties won't change the life of Berlusconi -- he is Italy's richest man, after all -- but for Apicella they will be, as an another song says, pennies from heaven. Copyright 2003 Reuters . All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Story Tools


Larkspur - Types of Larkspur Flowers| The Flower Expert Larkspur Did you know? Larkspur is the flower of the month of July and its meaning denotes Fickleness. Larkspur (Delphinium consolida) belongs to the buttercup family - Ranunculaceae. Larkspur flowers are almost as complex as the Orchids . The colorful Larkspur blooms cover a spectrum from white to blue to violet. Larkspur Flowers are irregularly shaped and bloom in a loose, vertical grouping along the upper end of the plant's main stalk. Larkspur is actually a very complex flower consisting of both petals and sepals. Kingdom Genus Delphinium Baker's Larkspur (Delphinium bakeri) and Yellow Larkspur (D. luteum), native to some areas of California, are endangered species. Delphinium is a genus of about 250 species of annual, biennial or perennial flowering plants. The common name, shared with the closely related genus Consolida, is Larkspur. Larkspur flowers come in a variety of colors including spikes of red, pink, violet and white. As a result of their generally similar floral structure, as well as the absence of genetic barriers to intercrossing, species of Larkspur are known to hybridize in many different combinations. Facts About Larkspur Larkspur, with tall spikes, make excellent Cutflowers . Two varieties of Larkspur are ideal as cut flowers - Consolida ambigua and Consolida orientalis. The Larkspur Rose (Consolida ambigua) has tall spires of rose colored flowers. The 1/4 to 1/2 inch rose colored flowers are densely packed on tall stems. The market for quality Larkspur is robust from many years. The alluring flower shape, wide range of colors, and the appealing foliage combine to make Larkspur a popular, marketable cut flower. Larkspur flowers tend to be fragile and relatively short lived in the vase (under 7 days), making production for local markets more lucrative. Larkspur grow to their full potential in climates with cool, moist summers. The Larkspur plant is toxic. The stem and seeds contain alkaloids. Apparently, domestic sheep are not affected by the toxins in Larkspurs. So, sometimes sheep are used to help eradicate the plant on cattle range. Larkspur look identical to perennial Delphiniums. Growing Larkspur Sow Larkspur seeds directly in garden in the spring. Sow them in the location you want them to grow as Larkspurs do not like to be transplanted. Larkspur plants should be spaced about 6 to 8 inches apart. Level with the soil surface. Carefully fill in and firm the soil gently. Water the Larkspurs deeply to encourage root development, but be sure the roots do not stand in water or they will be at risk for root rot. Larkspur plant care Larkspurs are best started from seed in spring or fall. Apply a thin layer of compost each spring, followed by a 2-inch layer of mulch to retain moisture and control weeds on Larkspur beds. Water Larkspur plants during the summer if rainfall is less than 1 inch per week. Soil should never dry out for the Larkspurs. Stake tall varieties of Larkspur to prevent hollow flower stalks from snapping in the wind, and deadhead after flowering to encourage rebloom. After the first killing frost, cut the Larkspur's stems back to an inch or two above soil line. Divide plants every three to four years as new growth begins in the spring, lifting plants and dividing them into clumps. Remove spent Larkspur flowers as needed. Trim back to the ground in late fall after foliage dies back. Subscribe Get 10% off on pickupflowers.com explore


"The term ""musket"" strictly refers to a firearm with what?"

Guide to Muzzleloaders - Internet Movie Firearms Database - Guns in Movies, TV and Video Games 4.5 Russian Infantry Musket M1845 Flintlock vs Percussion The flintlock, introduced in France in the early 17th century, was the first practical method of firing a gunpowder weapon without using a burning match. It used a piece of flint held in a set of jaws called a cock, striking a piece of steel called a frizzen, igniting a small powder charge in a flash pan. This would then ignite the main charge. Flintlock mechanism - reproduction Brown Bess musket The percussion lock, otherwise known as a caplock, was introduced in England and America in the 1820s. It used a hammer striking a fulminate of mercury cap on a nipple, the flame of which would then ignite the main charge. This was significantly simpler, faster and more reliable than the flintlock. Percussion lock mechanism - Nepalese-made Enfield Pattern 1853 Musket vs Rifle The term "musket" refers specifically to smooth bore firearms without rifling, which are inherently inaccurate and can typically only be used to about 75 yards. Rifles refers to rifled firearms, whether breech or muzzle loading. When rifles were first introduced to military use in the late 18th century, they were a specialist weapon used by soldiers separate from the musket-armed line infantry, as although they were far more accurate they could take up to a minute to load. When the introduction of the Minie ball in the 1850s speeded loading, allowing all infantry soldiers to be armed with rifled weapons, the rifles adopted were of musket length and sometimes referred to as rifle-muskets. Rifle units typically received as shortened version of the infantry rifle-musket, referred to simply as a rifle. This practice was gradually abandonned by the 1870s (earlier in the United States due to the Civil War) and all firearms were simply referred to as rifles. The term musket enjoyed a brief revival in late 19th and early 20th century America as a marketing term used by various companies to refer to the militarized versions of their commercial products. Thus the militarized Winchester 1866 as used by the Turkish army was referred to as the Winchester 1866 Musket, and so on, however this was not a technical term and further details are outside the scope of this article. Common Flintlocks Brown Bess Musket Used by the British military from 1722 to about 1840, most notably in the American revolution and the Napoleonic wars. Also used by the American Continental Army prior to the introduction of the Charleville, British East India company and Mexican army 1836-1848. Idenfifiable by it's pin-retained barrel, ramrod pipes and plain nosecap. British Long Land Pattern Brown Bess - .75 cal Charleville Musket Used by the French military from 1763 to about 1840, most notably in the American and French revolutionary wars and the Napoleonic wars. Most nations adopted similar weapons at the time. Identifiable by its barrel bands and split-banded funnelled nose cap. French Charleville Mle 1766 - .69 cal Jaeger Rifle Short, heavy caliber rifle used for hunting boar and deer in German forests. As huntsmen ("jaegers") was a middle-class profession in pre-industrial Germany, the rifles were often quite ornate. The Jeager rifle is believed to have originated in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. They can be idenfified by their short length, stock to the muzzle, sliding wood patch box and whole hand trigger guard spur. Plain German Jaeger rifle - .62 cal Ornate German Jaeger rifle - .62 cal Pennsylvania Rifle Evolved from the Jaeger rifle, with a longer barrel for longer range shots in the more open American wilderness, and of smaller caliber to reduce lead consumption, the Pennsylvania rifle, also sometimes known as a Kentucky rifle, was a distinctly American design which saw some use among militia troops during the American revolution. They can be identified by their long length, stock to the muzzle (sometime with brass endcap), curved butt and brass patchbox. American Pennsylvania rifle - .36 - .45 cal Baker Rifle Introduced in


What is the maximum number of players allowed on the field during a game of Rugby Sevens?

Maximun and Minimum [Archive] - The Rugby Referees' Forum For our reserve leagues we set the minimum at 10. ckuxmann I always thought the minimum was 12 for some reason, and 4 for sevens. Simon Thomas 10 is the usual minimum number to play a match as set by the RFU MrQeu The only place where the laws mention what may happen are: 3.3 WHEN THERE ARE FEWER THAN FIFTEEN PLAYERS A Union may authorise matches to be played with fewer than fifteen players in each team. When that happens, all the Laws of the Game apply except that each team must have at least five players in the scrum at all times. Exception: matches between teams of Seven-a-side are an exception. These matches are covered by the Seven-a-side Variations to the Laws of the Game. 20.1 FORMING A SCRUM (e) Number of players: eight. A scrum must have eight players from each team. All eight players must stay bound to the scrum until it ends. Each front row must have three players in it, no more and no less. Two locks must form the second row. Sanction: Penalty kick Exception: When a team is reduced to fewer than fifteen for any reason, then the number of players of each team in the scrum may be similarly reduced. Where a permitted reduction is made by one team, there is no requirement for the other team to make a similar reduction. However, a team must not have fewer than five players in the scrum. But I'm not sure if 3.3 refers only to a match starting with less than 15 players per side or also to matches where a team has less than 15 players (injuries, RCs, etc). Anyway, IMHO there should be an explicit minimum number around 11 or 12 players. Or maybe a difference between teams (like 15-10 not acceptable, but 12-10 yes) with a minimum (10 in that case?). Dixie 30-10-11, 16:10 10 is the usual minimum number to play a match as set by the RFU I need a Chapter & Verse emoticon! A book would do, Robbie. ST, can you point us to the justification for your view? I don't doubt your experience, but I can't recall ever having seen that written down. If pressed for the theory, I've have gone with the OP's approach of 6, for exqactly his reasoning. In practice, however, I think 10 sounds about right - if the teams themselves want to carry on regardless, there may well nevertheless come a time when heads have dropped and tackles become half-hearted, at which point it may be dangerous to continue. Simon Thomas 30-10-11, 16:10 No idea where it is written down, but I think that RFUW has it somewhere for their adult leagues as do Hampshire Merit tables. Makes sense to to have 5 forwards + 5 backs as a minimum ? When you get to that your are playing 10s anyway, after that it is Sevens :biggrin: Taff 30-10-11, 17:10 I suspect though that the opening post meant what's the minimum number a team can go down to; not both teams. I know there's a requirement to have equal numbers at U19, but there is no requirement to start a game with equal numbers at senior level. Simon Thomas 30-10-11, 18:10 I suspect though that the opening post meant what's the minimum number a team can go down to; not both teams. - as I suggested 10 to make it a meaningful match. I know there's a requirement to have equal numbers at U19, - only in the scrum if a scrum player is injured with no suitable replacement or a forward is yellow carded. but there is no requirement to start a game with equal numbers at senior level.- yes there is - RFUW from their women's level 3 downwards in adult women's league matches there is a requirement to equal minimum team number. OB.. 30-10-11, 18:10 Anyway, IMHO there should be an explicit minimum number around 11 or 12 players. Or maybe a difference between teams (like 15-10 not acceptable, but 12-10 yes) with a minimum (10 in that case?).Our reserve leagues specify no more than a one man difference. Teams are encouraged to loan players to the opposition to even up numbers. ruareftrev91 30-10-11, 19:10 Thanks for your replies so far. I'm not really interested in women's rugby. I have only ref'd 4 women's matches in my career and approx 500 male matches, so while all credit to


In which 1925 silent film, directed by Fred Niblo, were extras offered a prize of $100 to the winner to make a race more exciting, resulting in a horrendous crash that remains in the movie?

Ben-Hur (1925 film) : Map (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki       Top rankings for Ben-Hur (1925 film) 17th Wikipedia article: Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: Ben-Hur is a 1925 silent film directed by Fred Niblo . It was a blockbuster hit for newly merged Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . This was the second film based on the novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace . In 1997, Ben-Hur was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Plot Ben-Hur is a wealthy Jew and boyhood friend of the powerful Roman Tribune , Messala. When an accident leads to Ben-Hur's arrest, Messala, who has become corrupt and arrogant, makes sure Ben-Hur and his family are jailed and separated. Ben-Hur is sent to work in the galley of a Roman warship. Along the way he unknowingly encounters Christ , the carpenter's son who offers him water. Once aboard ship, his attitude of defiance and strength impresses a Roman admiral, Quintus Arrius, who allows him to remain unchained. This actually works in the Admiral's favor because when his ship is attacked and sunk by pirates, Ben-Hur saves him from drowning. Arrius then treats Ben-Hur as a son and over the years, the young man grows strong and becomes a victorious chariot racer. This eventually leads to a climactic showdown with Messala in a chariot race, in which Ben-Hur is the victor. Ben-Hur is eventually reunited with his mother and sister, who are suffering from leprosy but are miraculously cured by Christ. Cast Background Costing between 4 and 6 million dollars, Ben-Hur is the most expensive silent film ever made. Ben-Hur was a big success as a novel, and also as a stage play. Stage productions had been running for twenty-five years. In 1922, two years after the play's last tour, the Goldwyn company purchased the film rights to Ben-Hur. The play's producer, Abraham Erlanger, put a heavy price on the screen rights. Erlanger was persuaded to accept a generous profit participation deal and total approval over every detail of the production. Shooting began in Italy in 1923, starting two years of difficulties, accidents, and eventually a move back to Hollywood. Additional recastings (including Ramon Novarro as Ben-Hur) and a change of director caused the production's budget to skyrocket. The studio's publicity department was shameless, advertising the film with lines like: "The Picture Every Christian Ought to See!" Although audiences flocked to Ben-Hur after its premiere in 1925 and the picture grossed nine million dollars, its huge expenses and the deal with Erlanger made it a loser for MGM. MGM was unable to recoup its $4,000,000 investment. When filming the chariot scene, the drivers were careful and slow, which disappointed Meyer. To make it more exciting, he offered a prize of $100 to the winner, and the resulting heated competition led to the horrendous crash that remains in the movie. That and another fatal accident led to changes in rules of filming and film safety. A total of 60,960 m (200,000 ft) of film was shot for the chariot race scene, which was eventually edited down to 229 m (750 ft). This scene has been much imitated. It was re-created virtually shot for shot in the 1959 remake , copied in Prince of Egypt , and more recently imitated in the pod race scene in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace which was made almost 75 years later. Some scenes in the film were in two-strip Technicolor . One of the assistant directors for this sequence was a very young William Wyler , who would direct the 1959 remake. Reissue A 1931 reissue added music, by the original composers William Axt and David Mendoza, and sound effects. As the decades passed, the original Technicolor segments were replaced by alternate black-and-white takes. These scenes were considered lost until the 1980s when Turner Entertainment (who by then had acquired the rights to the film) found the crucial sequences in a Czech film archive. Restoration Current prints of the 1925 version are from


What is the name of the result of the complete census of England carried out under the instructions of William I in 1086?

BBC - History -   British History in depth: The Domesday Book Print this page Introduction The Domesday Book - compiled in 1085-6 - is one of the few historical records whose name is familiar to most people in this country. It is our earliest public record, the foundation document of the national archives and a legal document that is still valid as evidence of title to land. Based on the Domesday survey of 1085-6, which was drawn up on the orders of King William I, it describes in remarkable detail, the landholdings and resources of late 11th-century England, demonstrating the power of the government machine in the first century of the new Millennium, and its deep thirst for information. It was an exercise unparalleled in contemporary Europe, and was not matched in its comprehensive coverage of the country until the population censuses of the 19th century - although Domesday itself is not a full population census, and the names that appear in it are mainly only those of people who owned land. Used for many centuries for administrative and legal purposes, the Domesday Book is the starting point for most local historians researching the history of their area and there are several versions in print which should be available through good reference libraries. Despite its iconic significance, it has been subjected to increasingly detailed textual analysis by historians who warn us that not everything it says should be taken at face value. Providing definitive proof of rights to land and obligations to tax and military service, its 913 pages and two million Latin words describe more than 13,000 places in England and parts of Wales. Nicknamed the 'Domesday' Book by the native English, after God's final Day of Judgement, when every soul would be assessed and against which there could be no appeal, this title was eventually adopted by its official custodians, known for years as the Public Record Office, and recently renamed the National Archives. The official who wrote Dialogue of the Exchequer in 1179 wrote that 'just as the sentence of that strict and terrible Last Judgement cannot be evaded by any art or subterfuge, so, when a dispute arises in this realm concerning facts which are written down, and an appeal is made to the book itself, the evidence it gives cannot be set at nought or evaded with impunity'. It was a landmark in the triumph of the centralised written record, once set down fixed forever, over evolving local oral traditions. Top Why was the Domesday Book compiled? According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the decision was taken at William's Christmas court in Gloucester in 1085, and his men were sent: 'all over England into every shire [to] find out how many hides there were in the shire, what land and cattle the king had himself in the shire, what dues he ought to have in twelve months from the shire. Also he had a record made of how much land his archbishops had, his bishops and his abbots and his earls, and what or how much everyone who was in England had.... So very narrowly did he have it investigated that there was no single hide nor yard of land, nor indeed ... one ox or cow or pig which was left out and not put down in his record, and these records were brought to him afterwards'. This survey and audit would clearly establish who held what, in the wake of the Norman Conquest itself This may be an exaggeration of what actually happened, but it does show how the survey was perceived at the time. Some historians have seen the immediate cause lying in an invasion threat from Denmark and Norway and William's urgent need for accurate information about the military and other resources at his disposal. The first general population census of 1801 had a similar requirement behind it at a time when England was threatened with invasion from Revolutionary France. Twenty years after King William's successful invasion of England, and the mass re-distribution of land amongst his followers, it was time to consolidate and define. This survey and audit would clearly establish who held what, in the wake of the Norman Conques


Who won the Women's Cricket World Cup played at Sydney, Australia, in 2009?

BBC Sport - Cricket - World Cup joy for England women ICC Women's World Cup final, North Sydney Oval: England 167-6 (46.1 overs) beat New Zealand 166 (47.2 overs) by four wickets England are World Cup champions for the first time since 1993 By Aimee Lewis England outclassed New Zealand to win the Women's World Cup with a thrilling four-wicket victory in Sydney. Nicky Shaw, a late replacement for the injured Jenny Gunn, was the unlikely hero, claiming 4-34 as the Kiwis were dismissed for 166 in 47.2 overs. Openers Sarah Taylor (39) and Caroline Atkins (40) calmly took England to within touching distance of the target. England wobbled slightly - losing five wickets for 40 runs - but won with relative ease despite a nervy finish. 606: DEBATE Discuss England's victory on 606 It was left to player of the match Shaw (17 not out) and Holly Colvin to steer the team over the finishing line, with the former hitting two timely boundaries to ease the tension when the pressure had seemed to be getting to England. However, had it not been for the plucky Lucy Doolan, who hit a swashbuckling 48 for New Zealand and claimed 3-23, then England's victory would arguably have been trouble-free. Taylor, Atkins and captain Charlotte Edwards (10) all fell prey to the 21-year-old's off-spin as Doolan added a touch of intrigue to a match which, for the most part, seemed like an England procession. Aimee Mason's removal of Lydia Greenway and the sloppy run-out of Beth Morgan, which left England on 149-6, ensured it was not a totally nerveless win. Hard work has paid off - Edwards But England's success had been shaped in the field where the clinical fashion in which the Kiwis were dismissed allowed for some breathing space despite a batting blip. Shaw, who only learnt of her inclusion in the team 10 minutes before play when Gunn pulled out because of a calf injury sustained during the warm-up, was particularly impressive with her seam bowling. The 27-year-old proved to be more than an able deputy as her burst of three wickets in her opening three overs set England on their way to an historic victory. While it is the third time England have lifted the trophy, this win on a gloriously sunny day at the North Sydney Oval is the first time they have done so on foreign soil. The triumph is the culmination of a golden year for England's women - which started with the retention of the Ashes down under last winter - and the manner in which it was achieved is testimony to the professionalism of the squad. A superb opening spell by seamer Katherine Brunt ensured England held a firm grip on the game from the very start. The first wicket to go was that of Kate Pulford , who cut Isa Guha straight to Claire Taylor, standing at gully, to leave New Zealand on 26-1. But it was the introduction of Shaw which proved to be a turning point as she claimed two wickets in as many balls in her first over to leave the White Ferns reeling on 49-3. Suzie Bates - the scorer of an astonishing 168 against Pakistan in New Zealand's previous match - was the first to go for just two, trying to hit over the top only to find Atkins at mid-on, while left-hander Amy Satterthwaite immediately followed, edging to keeper Sarah Taylor. Shaw struck again in the 15th over with the wicket of captain Haidee Tiffen, who had looked dangerous before she was caught by Taylor for 30. And, at 74-5, the Kiwis were in serious trouble as Sara McGlashan became Colvin's 50th one-day international victim. Lucy Doolan was the undoubted star for New Zealand McGlashan had looked in fine touch, hitting an aggressive 21 from 20 balls, before she was caught at mid-wicket by Greenway. The sixth wicket soon fell with Laura Marsh bowling Mason (13) before Brunt returned to the attack in the 29th over and found the edge to send Sarah Tsukigawa back to the pavilion. Doolan and Nicola Browne brought some stability to the New Zealand innings, with Doolan carving some fine shots. However, when Doolan was dismissed by Marsh in the 45th over the wickets tumbled, with Edwards trapping Sophie Devine lbw for a duck and Shaw g


Samoa, Hawaii and the Tokelau Islands are part of which geographic area?

Tokelau Map and Information, Map of Tokelau, Facts, Figures and Geography of Tokelau -Worldatlas.com - WorldAtlas.com Tokelau Map and Information, Map of Tokelau, Facts, Figures and Geography of Tokelau -Worldatlas.com Print this map This small group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand, was originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups.  In 1889 the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate, and then transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. A large number of Tokelauan people live in New Zealand in an effort to support their families.  Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people continually rely heavily on aid from New Zealand.  Quick Facts and Figures Official Name: Tokelau (a New Zealand dependent territory, claimed 1926) Capital City: none  Official Currency: New Zealand Dollar  Religions: Congregational, Catholic, others  Population: 1,392 (July 2006 est.)  Land Area: 10 sq km (3.8 sq miles)  Latitude/Longitude: 9º 00' S, 172º 00' W


pharology - definition of pharology in English | Oxford Dictionaries Definition of pharology in English: pharology The scientific study of lighthouses and signal lights. Origin Mid 19th century. From classical Latin Pharos or its etymon ancient Greek Φάρος pharos + -logy. Pronunciation Which of these words is a verb? retrieve Which of these words is a verb? here Which of these words can be a verb? atilt Which of these words is a verb? devise Which of these words can be a verb? clout Which of these words is a verb? relief Which of these words is a verb? shoe Which of these words is a verb? beneficiate Which of these words is a verb? defoliate Which of these words is a verb? accomplish You scored /10 practise again? Retry


Who is the lead singer of the Rolling Stones?

Mick Jagger | The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones Born 26 July 1943 Dartford, UK Mick Jagger Mick Jagger is acknowledged as the greatest front man ever, he has single handedly defined what it means to be the singer with a rock band, a blues band or any other kind of band during his fifty year career. Whether it’s in the studio or on stage – where he and the rest of the Rolling Stones have performed in front of more people than any band in history – he continually sets the standard to which others aspire, yet rarely attain. With his songwriting partner and band mate Keith Richards he has written some of the most recognizable rock anthems of the last fifty years. Songs that are the staple of every covers band in the world; songs that have been performed by just about everyone who is singing or playing in a band. Born Michael Philip Jagger in Dartford, Kent, in 1943, he met Keith Richards at Wentworth Primary School a few years later. The pair lost touch but reconnected at the local railway station in 1960. By then, they both shared a deep love and understanding of American rhythm and blues, including Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Howlin’ Wolf, Jimmy Reed and Muddy Waters whose song, ‘Rollin’ Stone’ inspired the name of the band they eventually formed in 1962 with guitarist Brian Jones. Dropping out of the London School of Economics in 1963 to pursue a career in music it was initially as, ‘just another beatboom band’ that the Stones were perceived, but all too soon Mick’s on stage and on camera persona, particularly on numerous 1960s TV shows, marked him and the Stones out as being different from the other bands – the others mostly liked to wear suits. Encouraged to write songs by their then manager, Andrew Loog Oldham, Mick and Keith began by coming up with what were usually ballads, but they quickly got into their stride, but not as many people think – it wasn’t Mick writing the words and Keith the music. Mick would sometimes came up with musical ideas that along with Keith’s ideas they forged into some of the most enduring records from the sixties. Among their earliest compositions are¬ ‘Let’s Spend The Night Together’, ‘Get Off Of My Cloud’, ’19th Nervous Breakdown’, ‘Paint It, Black’, ‘Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing In The Shadow?, ‘Jumpin’ Jack Flash’ and ‘Honky Tonk Women’. Throughout the 1970s and right up until the present day Mick and Keith have continued to come up with what is the gold standard for song writing. Away from the Rolling Stones Mick has pursued his interest in film by acting, most notably as the lead of the oft-referenced cult movie Performance, directed by Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg in 1968, but also in the title role of Ned Kelly in 1970, and in Geoff Murphy’s sci-fi film Freejack in 1992. Mick’s filmography includes cameos in Bent, Sean Mathias’ 1997 film The Man From Elysian Fields, as well as the World War II drama Enigma, directed by Michael Apted, which he co-produced in 2001. The same year, his Jagged Films company produced Being Mick, a revealing documentary about the singer. Mick loves sport – one of the earliest published photos of him is with his school basketball team that was coached by his father – and today his love of cricket sees him following England at Test matches and one-day internationals when his hectic work schedule allows. His love of art and design has seen him fully involved, along with with Charlie Watts, on the band’s stage set design and for the album cover art of many of the Rolling Stones near sixty career albums. Mick has also undertaken solo musical projects, starting with “Memo From Turner” in 1970, for the soundtrack of Performance, and he has issued 15 solo singles and 5 solo albums, including She’s The Boss in 1985, Wandering Spirit in 1993 and Goddess In The Doorway in 2001. In 2011 Mick along with Joss Stone, Dave Stewart, A. R. Rahman, and Damian Marley formed the group, SuperHeavy and released a self-titled album. There’s not a singer in a rock band that has not at some point imagined he had the charisma of Mick Jagger, his passion for performi


"The last line of which 1939 film, spoken by Judy Garland, is ""If I ever again go looking for my heart's desire, I won't go looking any further than my own backyard""?"

The Wizard of Oz (1939) - Quotes - IMDb The Wizard of Oz (1939) Dorothy : How do you talk if you don't have a brain? Scarecrow : Well, some people without brains do an awful lot of talking don't they? Uncle Henry Gale : Well, howdy, Miss Gulch. Miss Gulch : [comes into the Gales' yard] I want to see you and your wife right away about Dorothy! Uncle Henry Gale : Dorothy? Well, what has Dorothy done? Miss Gulch : What she's done? I'm all but lame from the bite on my leg! Uncle Henry Gale : Oh, she bit her dog, eh? [Uncle Henry tries to shut the gate, but it hits her on the backside] Dorothy : [has just arrived in Oz, looking around and awed at the beauty and splendor] Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas any more. Dorothy : [after a pause] We must be over the rainbow! [a bubble appears in the sky and gets closer and closer. It finally lands, then turns into Glinda the Good Witch wearing a spectacular white dress and crown, holding a wand] Dorothy : [to Toto] Now I... I know we're not in Kansas! Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Auntie Em Gale : Almira Gulch, just because you own half the county doesn't mean that you have the power to run the rest of us. For twenty-three years, I've been dying to tell you what I thought of you! And now... well, being a Christian woman, I can't say it! Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Wizard of Oz : Why, anybody can have a brain. That's a very mediocre commodity. Every pusillanimous creature that crawls on the Earth or slinks through slimy seas has a brain. Back where I come from, we have universities, seats of great learning, where men go to become great thinkers. And when they come out, they think deep thoughts and with no more brains than you have. But they have one thing you haven't got: a diploma. Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options [Dorothy watches the Wicked Witch melt] Wicked Witch of the West : You cursed brat! Look what you've done! I'm melting! melting! Oh, what a world! What a world! Who would have thought a good little girl like you could destroy my beautiful wickedness? Oooooh, look out! I'm going! Oooooh! Ooooooh! Wizard of Oz : As for you, my galvanized friend, you want a heart. You don't know how lucky you are not to have one. Hearts will never be practical until they can be made unbreakable. Tin Woodsman : But I still want one. Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Cowardly Lion : All right, I'll go in there for Dorothy. Wicked Witch or no Wicked Witch, guards or no guards, I'll tear them apart. I may not come out alive, but I'm going in there. There's only one thing I want you fellows to do. Scarecrow : I haven't got a brain... only straw. Dorothy : How can you talk if you haven't got a brain? Scarecrow : I don't know... But some people without brains do an awful lot of talking... don't they? Dorothy : Yes, I guess you're right. Dorothy : How about a hippopotamus? Cowardly Lion : Why, I'd thrash him from top to bottomus! Dorothy : Supposing you met an elephant? Cowardly Lion : I'd wrap him up in cellophane! Scarecrow : What if it were a brontosaurus? Cowardly Lion : I'd show him who was king of the forest! [the Flying Monkeys walking away, Tin Man and the Lion comes to him] Tin Woodsman : Well, what happened to you? Scarecrow : They tore my legs off and they threw it over there! Then, they took my chest off and they threw it over there! Tin Woodsman : Well, that's you all over. Cowardly Lion : They sure knocked the stuffings out of you, didn't they? Scarecrow : Don't stand there talking, put me together. We've got to find Dorothy. [the Tin Man and the Lion trying the fix the Scarecrow] Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options [last lines] Dorothy : Oh, but anyway, Toto, we're home. Home! And this is my room, and you're all here. And I'm not gonna leave here ever, ever again, because I love you all, and - oh, Auntie Em - there's no place like home! Dorothy : Now which way do we go? Scarecrow : Pardon me, this way is a very nice way. Dorothy : Who said th


Which Scottish sailor was rescued four years after being put ashore by William Dampier at Juan Fernandez in 1703, for insubordination?

alexander selkirk : definition of alexander selkirk and synonyms of alexander selkirk (English) Inspiring Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels   An 1835 book inspired by Selkirk's life Alexander Selkirk (1676 – 13 December 1721) was a Scottish sailor who spent four years as a castaway after being marooned on an uninhabited island. An unruly youth, Selkirk joined several buccaneering expeditions to the South Seas, including one commanded by William Dampier , which called in for provisions at the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile . Selkirk judged correctly that his craft, the Cinque Ports, was unseaworthy, and was given the choice of being left ashore on his own. He was eventually rescued by Dampier after four years, in which he had developed hunting and woodcraft skills to a high degree. Selkirk's story aroused great interest at home, and Daniel Defoe 's fictional character Robinson Crusoe was almost certainly based in part on him. Contents 13 External links   Early life The son of a shoemaker and tanner in Lower Largo , Fife , Scotland, Selkirk was born in 1676. In his youth he displayed a quarrelsome and unruly disposition. Summoned on 27 August 1695 before the Kirk Session for his "undecent carriage" (indecent behaviour) in church, he "did not comper [appear], having gone away to be [the] seas: this business is continued till his return" [ sic ]. At an early period he was engaged in buccaneer expeditions to the South Seas and in 1703 joined the expedition of famed privateer and explorer William Dampier. While Dampier was captain of the St. George, Selkirk served on the galley Cinque Ports, the St. George's companion, as a sailing master serving under Thomas Stradling.   Castaway This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability . In October 1704, after the ships had parted ways because of a dispute between Stradling and Dampier, the Cinque Ports was brought by Stradling to an island that is today known as Robinson Crusoe Island in the uninhabited archipelago of Juan Fernández off the coast of Chile for a mid-expedition restocking of supplies and fresh water. By this time, Selkirk had grave concerns about the seaworthiness of this vessel. He tried to persuade some of his crewmates to desert with him, remaining on the island; he was counting on an impending visit by another ship. No one else agreed to come along with him. Stradling declared that he would grant him his wish and leave him alone on Juan Fernández. Selkirk promptly regretted his decision. He chased and called after the boat, to no avail. Selkirk lived the next four years and four months without any human company. The Cinque Ports did indeed later founder off the coast of what is present-day Colombia . Stradling and half a dozen of the crew survived the loss of their ship, but were made prisoners by the Spanish, as the War of the Spanish Succession was going on (England and the Netherlands were in conflict with France and Spain over who was to be King of Spain). They were sent to Lima in Peru where they endured a harsh imprisonment.   Life on the island   The Juan Fernández Islands archipelago Hearing strange sounds from inland, which he feared were dangerous beasts, Selkirk remained at first along the shoreline. During this time he ate shellfish , and scanned the ocean daily for rescue, suffering all the while from loneliness, misery and remorse. Hordes of raucous sea lions , gathering on the beach for the mating season, eventually drove him to the island's interior. Once there, his way of life took a turn for the better. More foods were now available: feral goats – introduced by earlier sailors – provided him with meat and milk and wild turnips , cabbage , and black pepper berries offered him variety and spice. Although rats would attack him at night, he was able, by domesticating and living near feral cats , to sleep soundly and in safety. Selkirk proved resourceful in using equipment from the ship as well as materials that were native to the island. He built two huts [1] out of pimento trees . He used his musket to hunt goats and his


Where are The Kerguelen Islands, a territory of France, also known as Desolation Island?

Kerguelen: France’s Desolate Islands | GeoCurrents Kerguelen: France’s Desolate Islands Submitted by Martin W. Lewis on April 13, 2010 – 3:13 pm |   Tweet One of the most intriguing — and obscure — parts of France’s far-flung territorial domain is the Kerguelen Archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean, also known as the Desolation Islands. Dominated by Grande Terre Island, Kerguelen is one of the world’s largest remote oceanic landmasses; covering 2,786 square miles (7,215 km. sq.), it is roughly five times the size of Hawaii’s Oahu. Located far from the equator (at 49 degrees S.), the Desolation Islands are noted for their raw and windy weather. But if Kerguelen is always chilly, its maritime climate precludes real cold. Average monthly temperatures range from 46° F (7.9° C) in January to 36° F (2.3° C) in July. Isolation and harsh climate have generated some ecological curiosities. Kerguelen’s butterflies, like its other insect species, have no wings; winds are so strong and persistent that flying insects would simply be blown out to sea. Like most oceanic islands, Kerguelen has no native land mammals. It does, however, support a number in introduced species, including rabbits, reindeer, rats, and feral house cats. The rabbits have proved destructive to the local vegetation, nearly wiping out the Azorerla “cushion plants” that once blanketed the lowlands, forming pillow-like structures up to a meter thick that were almost impossible to cross on foot. The Kerguelen cabbage, which once helped protect Antarctic mariners from scurvy, is also much reduced. Abundant lichens and mosses help support the islands’ estimated 4,000 reindeer, but they too are being over-grazed. French authorities have introduced an endangered sheep to one of the archipelago’s islands, but reproduction has been limited by the animals’ inability to adjust to the inversion of the seasons; they bear their young as winter approaches. Kerguelen’s marine ecosystems are rich in wildlife, owing in part to the area’s giant brown kelp. Kelp forests surrounding the islands are thick enough to impede navigation, clogging ship propellers. Great rafts of kelp often wash ashore after storms, transferring nutrients from the marine to the terrestrial ecosystem. Whalers and sealers were formerly active in the area, almost wiping out local seal populations. Marine mammals are now protected, and their numbers have rebounded. Kerguelen has no permanent human inhabitants, but it is staffed year-round. France maintains several research stations, one of which is devoted to satellite and rocket tracking. The archipelago’s winter population of around 70 swells to an average of 110 in the summer. People cluster around the “settlement” of Port-aux-Francais, which contains a chapel, hospital, library, gymnasium, and pub. The chapel is appropriately named Notre-Dame des Vents (“Our lady of the Winds”). The Desolation Islands are a remnant of a long-lost continent that was once about a third the size of Australia. From roughly a hundred million years ago until 20 million years ago, most of the now largely submerged Kerguelen Plateau remained above sea level. The existence of such a sunken continent has provoked some imaginative speculation. One expansive website argues that several lines of “pseudo-primates” evolved into highly intelligent species that constructed elaborate civilizations on Kerguelen and went on to intervene in organic evolution on other continents. Even reputable sources have let their enthusiasm lead them astray. A 1999 BBC article entitled “‘Lost Continent’ Revealed” contended that “fifty million years ago, [Kerguelen] may have been covered in lush ferns, moist with tropical humidity. Small dinosaurs would have hidden in the undergrowth stalking their prey.” That would certainly be surprising, since dinosaurs were wiped out across the globe some 15 million years earlier, when a massive asteroid collided with the earth. Find this post valuable? Please pay it forward by sharing it with others:


"Which band had a hit record in 1980 with ""London Calling""?"

The Clash – Albums From Here To Eternity: Live Album, released: 4 October 1999 Issued to coincide with the band’s official documentary, Westway to the World, this album of live recordings featured material from every phase of their career. Super Black Market Clash Album, released: 1 March 1994 A re-vamped edition if the 1981 rarities album included all of the band's B-sides, many of which were unavailable on CD at the time. US Festival The Clash’s last-ever gig featuring the three founding members from 1976 – Strummer, Jones and Simonon - took place on 28 May 1983 at the Us Festival, a huge outdoor event held at the Glen Helen Regional Park, Los Angeles. The festival was organised by the Apple computers guru Steve Wozniak, and The Clash headlined the ‘New Music’ night, playing to a vast crowd of 150,000 on a bill also featuring A Flock Of Seagulls, The Stray Cats and Men At Work. Before the show, the band had called an emergency press conference to explain they wouldn’t play unless the organisers made a $100,000 donation to a summer camp for disadvantaged children; this the organisers did, fearing the event would descend into chaos. The Clash eventually took the stage two hours later, and finished the evening fighting with a DJ whose onstage announcements after their last song was seen as an attempt to rob them of an encore. Three months later, Mick Jones left the group, effectively signalling its end. Hell W10 The Clash famously starred in their own film, Rude Boy, but it’s less well known they were leading actors in another, too: Hell W10, a silent, homemade black-and-white film written and directed by Joe Strummer in early 1983. The plot involved Paul Simonon and Mick Jones as rival underworld gangsters, with Joe making a cameo appearance as a policeman. As its title suggests, it was shot in and around the W10 London postcode where the group lived, in Ladbroke Grove and Notting Hill. For years the film was thought lost, but in 2002 it was discovered among bric-a-brac on a London market stall and made available on the Essential Clash DVD. Shea Stadium In autumn 1982, The Clash were invited by Pete Townshend to support The Who on the latter’s “farewell” tour of North American stadiums. In May, Topper had been fired, replaced by a virtually unknown British drummer called Pete Howard, who toured extensively with the band that summer. The Who’s New York shows took place in October at Shea Stadium, made famous as a rock venue by The Beatles in 1965. One record company employee recalled that backstage the usual Clash havoc ruled, with the band smuggling in dozens of fans they’d picked up on their tour bus along the way, and letting in ticketless fans hanging around outside the venue. The Clash’s performances were sensational, as shown on their 2008 Live At Shea Stadium album. Combat Rock Album, released: 14 May 1982 Recorded in New York, this album soaked up the atmosphere of the city's vibrant hip-hop and graffiti art scenes, mixing funk, rock, hip-hop and reggae. Down and out in Paris In April 1982, on the eve of a UK tour to promote Combat Rock, Joe Strummer went missing. With the UK tour yet to sell out, manager Bernard Rhodes asked Joe to go AWOL as a publicity stunt to drum up ticket sales; instead, Strummer vanished entirely, secretly holing up in Paris where he grew a beard and ran the Paris Marathon incognito. With the UK tour cancelled and dates in the US looming, the band’s chief aide Kosmo Vinyl was tasked with tracking down the singer and persuading him to come back to London. Eventually, he found him in a bar, hailing the bearded Strummer with words, “Fidel!” Radio Clash becomes the first Brit hip hop record During The Clash’s residency at Bond’s International Casino the group’s enthusiasm for rap, hip-hop, graffiti art and New York street culture in general reached fever pitch. Their first recording session after Bond’s, in London later that summer, saw them create This Is Radio Clash, a song conceived as a kind of pirate radio broadcast with a backing track drawing on a funk beat, synthesizers and Chic-styl


What word means staying in one place and electrical interference?

Interference - definition of interference by The Free Dictionary Interference - definition of interference by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/interference a. The act or an instance of hindering, obstructing, or impeding. b. Something that hinders, obstructs, or impedes. 2. a. Sports Illegal obstruction or hindrance of an opposing player, such as hindrance of a receiver by a defender in football, hindrance of a fielder by a base runner in baseball, or checking a player not in possession of the puck in ice hockey. b. Football The legal blocking of defensive tacklers to protect and make way for the ball carrier. 3. Physics The variation of wave amplitude that occurs from the superposition of two or more waves. 4. Electronics a. The inhibition or prevention of clear reception of broadcast signals. b. The distorted portion of a received signal. 5. The negative or distorting effect that new learning can have on previous learning or that previous learning can have on new learning. in′ter·fer·en′tial (-fə-rĕn′shəl) adj. interference n 1. the act or an instance of interfering 2. (General Physics) physics the process in which two or more coherent waves combine to form a resultant wave in which the displacement at any point is the vector sum of the displacements of the individual waves. If the individual waves converge the resultant is a system of fringes. Two waves of equal or nearly equal intensity moving in opposite directions combine to form a standing wave 3. (Telecommunications) Also called: radio interference any undesired signal that tends to interfere with the reception of radio waves 4. (Aeronautics) aeronautics the effect on the flow pattern around a body of objects in the vicinity interferential adj 1. an act, fact, or instance of interfering. 2. something that interferes. 3. the process in which waves, as of light or sound, of the same frequency combine to reinforce or cancel each other, the amplitude of the resulting wave being equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the combining waves. 4. a. a jumbling of radio signals, caused by the reception of undesired ones. b. the signals or device producing the incoherence. 5. Football. a. the act of a teammate or of teammates legally running ahead of a ballcarrier and blocking prospective tacklers: to run interference for the halfback. b. such a teammate or such teammates collectively. c. the act of illegally hindering an opponent from catching a forward pass or a kick. 6. the distorting or inhibiting effect of previously learned behavior on subsequent learning. [1775–85] in`ter•fe•ren′tial (-fəˈrɛn ʃəl) adj. in·ter·fer·ence (ĭn′tər-fîr′əns) 1. The wave that forms when two or more waves of the same or different frequencies come together. The amplitude of the resulting wave will be either larger or smaller than the amplitude of the individual waves, depending on whether or not their peaks and troughs match up. ♦ If the peaks of the waves match up, the amplitude of the resulting wave will be larger than that of the individual waves. This is called constructive interference. ♦ If the peaks and troughs of the individual waves do not match up, the resulting amplitude is smaller. This interference is called destructive interference. See more at wave . 2. In electronics, the distortion or interruption of one broadcast signal by others. interference 1. The effects of imposing one set of waves on another. 2. This occurs when the pass receiver or pass defender is tackled, blocked or pushed while the ball is still in the air. 3. A minor penalty is imposed if a player interferes with or impedes the progress of an opponent not in possession of the puck. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: foreign policy - a policy governing international relations noninterference , nonintervention - a foreign policy of staying out of other countries' disputes 2. human action , human activity , act , deed - something that people do or cause to happen foiling , thwarting , frustration - an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts antagonism - (biochemistry) interference in or


Which country was represented by Hanni Wenzel, who won the women's giant slalom and slalom at the Lake Placid Winter Olympics in 1980?

Hanni Wenzel Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com Related Olympians: Sister of Petra Wenzel ; Wife of Harti Weirather ; Sister of Andi Wenzel ; Mother of Tina Weirather ; Aunt of Jessica Walter . Medals: 2 Gold, 1 Silver, 1 Bronze (4 Total) Biography With a total of four medals, Hanni Wenzel trails only Vreni Schneider and Katja Seizinger as the most successful of all women Olympic Alpine skiers. After winning a bronze medal in the slalom in 1976, Wenzel won gold in the slalom and giant slalom and a silver in the giant slalom in 1980. Born in Germany, Wenzel moved to Liechtenstein as an infant and was granted citizenship after winning the slalom at the 1974 World Championships. Both her brother and sister were Olympic Alpine skiers. Results