Name the character played by Bruce Willis in the 'Die Hard' films?

Die Hard (1988) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error John McClane, officer of the NYPD, tries to save his wife Holly Gennaro and several others that were taken hostage by German terrorist Hans Gruber during a Christmas party at the Nakatomi Plaza in Los Angeles. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 31 titles created 01 Sep 2011 a list of 47 titles created 28 May 2015 a list of 36 titles created 05 Oct 2015 a list of 39 titles created 28 Nov 2015 a list of 23 titles created 2 months ago Search for " Die Hard " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     4     Oscars. Another    6 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards  » Videos John McClane attempts to avert disaster as rogue military operatives seize control of Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C. Director: Renny Harlin John McClane and a Harlem store owner are targeted by German terrorist Simon Gruber in New York City, where he plans to rob the Federal Reserve Building. Director: John McTiernan John McClane and a young hacker join forces to take down master cyber-terrorist Thomas Gabriel in Washington D.C. Director: Len Wiseman A cyborg, identical to the one who failed to kill Sarah Connor, must now protect her teenage son, John Connor, from a more advanced cyborg. Director: James Cameron     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X   A seemingly indestructible humanoid cyborg is sent from 2029 to 1984 to assassinate a waitress, whose unborn son will lead humanity in a war against the machines, while a soldier from that war is sent to protect her at all costs. Director: James Cameron Marty McFly, a 17-year-old high school student, is accidentally sent 30 years into the past in a time-traveling DeLorean invented by his close friend, the maverick scientist Doc Brown. Director: Robert Zemeckis During a preview tour, a theme park suffers a major power breakdown that allows its cloned dinosaur exhibits to run amok. Director: Steven Spielberg Archaeologist and adventurer Indiana Jones is hired by the U.S. government to find the Ark of the Covenant before the Nazis. Director: Steven Spielberg When Dr. Henry Jones Sr. suddenly goes missing while pursuing the Holy Grail, eminent archaeologist Indiana Jones must follow in his father's footsteps and stop the Nazis. Director: Steven Spielberg Rocky Balboa, a small-time boxer, gets a supremely rare chance to fight heavy-weight champion Apollo Creed in a bout in which he strives to go the distance for his self-respect. Director: John G. Avildsen Directors: Frank Miller, Robert Rodriguez, and 1 more credit  » Stars: Mickey Rourke, Clive Owen, Bruce Willis A boy who communicates with spirits that don't know they're dead seeks the help of a disheartened child psychologist. Director: M. Night Shyamalan Edit Storyline NYPD cop John McClane goes on a Christmas vacation to visit his wife Holly in Los Angeles where she works for the Nakatomi Corporation. While they are at the Nakatomi headquarters for a Christmas party, a group of bank robbers led by Hans Gruber take control of the building and hold everyone hostage, with the exception of John, while they plan to perform a lucrative heist. Unable to escape and with no immediate police response, John is forced to take matters into his own hands. Written by Sam 40 Storeys. Twelve Terrorists. One Cop. See more  » Genres: 20 July 1988 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Duro de matar See more  » Filming Locations: 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Dolby Stereo (35 mm prints) (4 channels) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Clarence Gilyard, Jr. (Theo) and Grand L. Bush (FBI Agent Little Johnson) both share the same birthdate, December 24, 1955. See more » Goofs When Sgt. Powell asks the security guard (terrorist posing as security guard) if he can take


What is the Coldest Planet of Our Solar System? - Universe Today   Universe Today What is the Coldest Planet of Our Solar System? Article Updated: 27 May , 2016 by Matt Williams The Solar System is pretty huge place, extending from our Sun at the center all the way out to the Kuiper Cliff – a boundary within the Kuiper Belt that is located 50 AU from the Sun. As a rule, the farther one ventures from the Sun, the colder and more mysterious things get. Whereas temperatures in the inner Solar System are enough to burn you alive or melt lead, beyond the “ Frost Line “, they get cold enough to freeze volatiles like ammonia and methane. So what is the coldest planet of our Solar System? In the past, the title for “most frigid body” went to Pluto , as it was the farthest then-designated planet from the Sun. However, due to the IAU’s decision in 2006 to reclassify Pluto as a “dwarf planet”, the title has since passed to Neptune . As the eight planet from our Sun, it is now the outermost planet in the Solar System, and hence the coldest. Orbit and Distance: With an average distance (semi-major axis) of 4,504,450,000 km (2,798,935,466.87 mi or 30.11 AU), Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. The planet has a very minor eccentricity of 0.0086, which means that its orbit around the Sun varies from a distance of 29.81 AU (4.459 x 109 km) at perihelion to 30.33 AU (4.537 x 109 km) at aphelion. The Solar System. Credit: NASA Because Neptune’s axial tilt (28.32°) is similar to that of Earth (~23°) and Mars (~25°), the planet experiences similar seasonal changes. Combined with its long orbital period, this means that the seasons last for forty Earth years. Also owing to its axial tilt being comparable to Earth’s is the fact that the variation in the length of its day over the course of the year is not any more extreme than it is on Earth. Average Temperature: When it comes to ascertaining the average temperature of a planet, scientists rely on temperature variations measured from the surface. As a gas/ice giant, Neptune has no surface, per se. As a result, scientists rely on temperature readings from where the atmospheric pressure is equal to 1 bar (100 kPa), the equivalent to atmospheric pressure at sea level here on Earth. On Neptune, this area of the atmosphere is just below the upper level clouds. Pressures in this region range between 1 and 5 bars (100 – 500 kPa), and temperature reach a high of 72 K (-201.15 °C; -330 °F). At this temperature, conditions are suitable for methane to condense, and clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are thought to form (which is what gives Neptune its characteristically dark cyan coloring). Farther into space, where pressures drop to about 0.1 bars (10 kPa), temperatures decrease to their low of around 55 K (-218 °C; -360 °F). Further into the planet, pressures increase dramatically, which also leads to a dramatic increase in temperature. At its core, Neptune reaches temperatures of up to 7273 K (7000 °C; 12632 °F), which is comparable to the surface of the Sun. Neptune Great Dark Spot in High Resolution. Credit: NASA/JPL The huge temperature differences between Neptune’s center and its surface (along with its differential rotation) create huge wind storms, which can reach as high as 2,100 km/hour, making them the fastest in the Solar System. The first to be spotted was a massive anticyclonic storm measuring 13,000 x 6,600 km and resembling the Great Red Spot of Jupiter. Known as the Great Dark Spot , this storm was not spotted five later (Nov. 2nd, 1994) when the Hubble Space Telescope looked for it. Instead, a new storm that was very similar in appearance was found in the planet’s northern hemisphere, suggesting that these storms have a shorter lifespan than Jupiter’s. The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group located farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when the cloud group was observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot. The Small Dark Spot , a southern cyclonic storm, was


Chemical Elements.com - Zinc (Zn) Includes Zinc Facts and other information about the Element If you know of any other links for Zinc, please let me know Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Zinc. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/zn.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license  agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.


Who had the nickname 'The Scourge of God'?

The Scourge of God: Did Attila the Hun Really Deserve the Nickname? | Ancient Origins 17 November, 2015 - 03:59 dhwty The Scourge of God: Did Attila the Hun Really Deserve the Nickname? (Read the article on one page) The Latin statement Ego sum Attila flagellum Dei , which means I am Attila, the scourge of God , is said to have been first expressed in 1387, and is obviously making a reference to Attila the Hun. Like other rulers regarded (by the West) as ‘barbarians,’ including Gaiseric and Genghis Khan, Attila the Hun has a bad reputation amongst Westerners. This Hunnic ruler has been portrayed as an enemy of civilization, a ruthless mass murderer, and an uncultured savage. Nevertheless, this is only one side of the coin, as Attila the Hun also possessed some positive values (though often forgotten or not highlighted) that would be normally applied to the heroes of Western history. For instance, the historian Jordanes wrote that: “He (Attila) was indeed a lover of war, yet restrained in action, mighty in counsel, gracious to suppliants and lenient to those who were once received into his protection.” Attila’s Early Life Little is known about Attila’s early life. Although the exact date of his birth is unknown, it is possible that Attila was born sometime in the early 5th century AD. We do know that Attila’s father was a man by the name of Mundzuk, whilst his uncle, Rugila (known also as Rua or Ruga), was the king of the Huns. The name of Attila’s mother is not known, though today, her name is sometimes given as Hungysung Vladdysurf. This name, however, is likely to have been a recent fabrication. Attila also had an older brother, Bleda (known also as Buda), whom many claim he later murdered, in order to unite the Huns and become their sole ruler. As young men, Attila and Bleda were probably taught archery, horse-riding, and the art of war to prepare them for their future role as leaders of the Huns. Additionally, it has been said that Attila and his brother were also taught Latin and Gothic so that they could do business with the Romans and the Goths. Detail of Attila the Hun from ‘Attila and his Hordes Overrun Italy and the Arts’ (1847) by Eugène Delacroix. ( Public Domain ) Was Attila a ‘Family Man’? Rugila died whilst on a campaign against Constantinople in 433 AD, and the leadership of the Huns passed to Attila and Bleda, who ruled jointly. Bleda, however, disappears from history following the war against the Byzantines along the Danube. According to Jordanes: “Now when his brother Bleda, who ruled over a great part of the Huns, had been slain by his treachery, Attila united all the people under his own rule.”


Monophobia - the Fear of Being Alone By Lisa Fritscher - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. Updated April 21, 2016 Question: What Is the Fear of Being Alone? Answer: Monophobia, or the fear of being alone, is a catch-all term for several discrete fears. Some people are afraid of being apart from a particular person. Some fear living alone or being in public alone. Still others are afraid of being alone at home. Nervousness while alone is surprisingly common, but a full-blown phobia is relatively rare. Fear of Being Apart from Someone Most people can identify one or a few people that act as a support system. Humans are social creatures, and we feel most comfortable when we can share our successes and challenges with someone we especially trust. Spouses often feel uncomfortable when a partner is on a business trip or otherwise away from home, children may have difficulty staying with extended family, and teens might panic when a best friend moves away. Most of the time, these feelings are mild and relatively short-lived. Talking on the phone or online is often enough to assuage the distress. Some families create rituals, such as having the same thing for dinner or sending special e-mails at the same time each night, to honor the relationship. These rituals take on particular importance when a family member is gone for more than a few days. For some people, however, panic sets in whenever a particular loved one leaves the house. If you have this fear, you might become anxious when your loved one goes to work, visits with friends or participates in a hobby. In extreme cases, some people are afraid for the loved one to be in a different room of the house. This fear is common in small children . It is generally considered a normal part of development, and is not diagnosed as a condition -- usually separation anxiety disorder -- unless it lasts six months or is unusually severe. Check with your pediatrician if your child appears to be in particular distress. Fear of Being Alone in Public The fear of being alone in public may be linked to conditions such as social phobia or agoraphobia. If you are uncomfortable being around strangers, a friend or family member is comforting. A companion is someone for you to focus on, as well as someone to divert the attention of strangers. Many people with this fear feel awkward and uncomfortable, as if they are in the spotlight, when dining or shopping alone. Fear of Being Alone at Home Fears of being alone at home often, though not always, revolve around fears of emergency situations arising. Burglaries, home repair problems, and personal injury are commonly-cited fears. These fears may be heightened in people who do not fully trust themselves and their own judgment. You might worry that you will react poorly should an emergency arise. Some people are afraid of being alone with their thoughts. If you suffer from depression or anxiety, you may try to combat your feelings by staying busy. You might fear that if you have no one to talk to, you will be unable to cope with your thoughts. Keep in mind that that this is a form of loneliness . Feeling truly "alone" may indicate a personality disorder , although the difference is subtle. Seek advice from a trained professional if you are unsure what you are feeling. Of course, in some situations, fear may be prudent. Phobias are never diagnosed when the fear is reasonable and in proportion to the situation. If you suffer from certain medical conditions or live in a dangerous neighborhood, your concern might be entirely reasonable. Many people in these situations find ways of minimizing risk, such as getting a dog or a medical alert system. Fear of Living Alone The fear of living alone is often an extension of the fear of being alone at home. Some people are comfortable staying at home for an afternoon or even a couple of days, but are uncomfortable with the idea of spending protracted time periods living alone. Like the fear of being home alone, this fear is commonly rooted in a lack of self-confidence. You may worry that you will be unable to t


Name the film where a knickerless Sharon Stone crosses her legs.

Basic Instinct uncovered: What the censors really thought of Sharon's leg-crossing | Daily Mail Online Basic Instinct uncovered: What the censors really thought of Sharon's leg-crossing comments They are regarded as prim guardians of public morals – yet Britain’s film censors actually relished some of cinema’s most explicit scenes, archive documents reveal. They refused to cut a single frame of Basic Instinct, which featured knickerless Sharon Stone un-crossing her legs. Instead it was declared a ‘must-see’ film. One censor called it a ‘gripping piece of hokum which bounces the eyeballs from the very start with a scorching sex scene’. No censor: The famous un-crossing of her legs by Sharon Stone in Basic Instinct made it a 'must-see' film Criticism that the 1992 thriller, co-starring Michael Douglas, was pornographic was simply brushed aside. One examiner added: ‘No the plot doesn’t bear too much analysis – but who cares when one is sitting on the edge of the seat for two hours.’ The censors also surprisingly noted ‘restraint’ in the sadomasochistic sex scenes in Last Tango In Paris and were unruffled by Ken Russell’s Women In Love, despite its depiction of nude male wrestling. More... Share this article Share The 1969 adaptation of D. H. Lawrence’s novel, starring Oliver Reed and Glenda Jackson, suffered only minor cuts. But when it was released, one critic called it ‘Women On Heat’. The surprising reactions are detailed in the archive of the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), which  is celebrating its centenary. Passed: Sam Peckinpah's ultra-violent film Straw Dogs starring Dustin Hoffman and Susan George got the 'all clear' from censors Files show that when orgy scenes in another Russell film, 1971’s The Devils, fell foul of censors, the director wrote to the BBFC urging it not to make cuts. The board’s tendency to give sex scenes the benefit of the doubt could backfire. Last Tango In Paris, starring Marlon Brando, provoked a public outcry and was banned in some parts of the country. But the BBFC cut only ten seconds from the 1972 film’s infamous butter sex scene.  One censor wrote: ‘There is  too much restraint in some sex scenes and Paul (played by Brando) seems to accomplish the most strenuous athletics with his trousers on.’ Riske: Last Tango in Paris was banned in some parts of the country - but the censors cut only 10 second of the butter sex scene Meanwhile, then BBFC secretary Stephen Murphy thought Sam Peckinpah’s ultra-violent 1971 film Straw Dogs, starring Dustin Hoffman and Susan George, an ‘outstanding film’ that made him ‘tremble above the knees’. The BBFC was inundated with complaints when it awarded an AA (14) rather than X (18) certificate to Monty Python’s The Life Of Brian in 1979. The secretary had to point out that the hero was not Jesus Christ.


The 'Notting Hill Mystery' is aometimes claimed to be what?

The Notting Hill Mystery by Charles Warren Adams — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists Jun 09, 2015 Ivonne Rovira rated it did not like it  ·  review of another edition Before Émile Gaboriau ’s L'affaire Lerouge (1866), Wilkie Collins ’ The Moonstone (1868), or Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ’s A Study in Scarlet (1886), there was The Notting Hill Mystery. Written under the pen name Charles Felix (now believed to be Charles Warren Adams) and first serialized in 1862 in a magazine, it became the first detective novel when it was published in one volume in 1865. Before I got an ARC of this book from NetGalley, I had heard of neither the author nor the novel. The Notting Hill Before Émile Gaboriau ’s L'affaire Lerouge (1866), Wilkie Collins ’ The Moonstone (1868), or Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ’s A Study in Scarlet (1886), there was The Notting Hill Mystery. Written under the pen name Charles Felix (now believed to be Charles Warren Adams) and first serialized in 1862 in a magazine, it became the first detective novel when it was published in one volume in 1865. Before I got an ARC of this book from NetGalley, I had heard of neither the author nor the novel. The Notting Hill Mystery follows the attempts by insurance investigator Ralph Henderson to prove that the death of Baron R**’s wife was no accident but murder. Readers will realize immediately that Baron R** is guilty; after all, what innocent man takes out five £5,000 life insurance policies on his wife’s life in the span of four months? The fun of the novel could have been tracing how Henderson manages to uncover evidence in what appears to be a perfect crime and expose the baron. Instead, for a full fourth of the novel, it bogs down in a ponderous exchanges of letters recounting the entire life of Gertrude Boleton Anderton, the wispy semi-invalid who will become Baron R**’s victim, literally from before her birth. After this tedious backstory, the novel continues as a series of depositions, documents, letters, and other paperwork that the pedantic Henderson ferrets out. While some authors can make epistolary novels into great successes (e.g., Bellfield Hall: Or, The Observations of Miss Dido Kent by Anna Dean ; Lady Susan by Jane Austen ; Bridget Jones's Diary by Helen Fielding ; The Color Purple by Alice Walker ; Where'd You Go, Bernadette by Maria Semple ; Daddy-Long-Legs by Jean Webster ), Adams simply doesn’t pull it off. Audiences have evolved in the 150 years since The Notting Hill Mystery was first published; however, 21st century audiences continue to appreciate 19th century novels, such as The Moonstone, The Woman in White , the Sherlock Holmes stories, Jane Eyre , Great Expectations , and many more because of memorable characters and gripping narratives. The Notting Hill Mystery has neither. What it does have are cardboard villains (hypnotist Baron R** being clearly a charlatan and a malevolent crook), sickly-pale simpleton victims, implausible coincidences worthy of a Victorian Penny Dreadful, silly supernatural doings, and even the canard about child-abducting gypsies. If there’s a Victorian melodrama cliché missing, I can’t imagine what it is. I found myself skimming to get to the end. Poisoned Pen Press, in re-releasing this groundbreaking novel, has done a favor to students of the history of the mystery; run-of-the-mill mystery buffs won’t find anything of value here. With my love of 19th century novels, I am more patient than most readers; even so, had I not been under obligation to provide a review, I would have bailed before I was one-fifth of the way through. To reiterate in the interest of full disclosure, I received this book from NetGalley and Poisoned Pen Press in exchange for an honest review. ...more Shelves: mystery , victorian The Premise: The Notting Hill Mystery is, according to the introduction, either the first true detective story or among the first true detective stories, though it departs a little from the type by featuring not a police or private detective, but an insurance investigator, and by presenting all the gathered evidence without pre


What is the habitat/breeding ground of a penguin called?

69 Wonderful Facts about Penguins | FactRetriever.com 69 Wonderful Facts about Penguins By Karin Lehnardt, Senior Writer Published August 20, 2016 Penguins are one of about 40 species of flightless birds. Other flightless birds include rheas, cassowaries, kiwis, ostriches, and emus. Most flightless birds live in the Southern Hemisphere.[1] Most scientists agree that there are 17 species of penguins. Of the 17 species, 13 are either threatened or endangered, with some on the brink of extinction.[6] The Erect-crested Penguin (Eudyptes sclateri) has lost approximately 70% of its population over the last 20 years. The Galapagos Penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) has lost over 50% since the 1970s, and their chance of becoming extinct this century is 30%. The most common threats to all penguin survival are pollution, loss of habitat by human encroachment, commercial fishing, oil dumping, algae blooms, and global warming.[3] Generally, penguins are not sexually dimorphic, meaning male and female penguins look alike.[1] The Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is named after Ferdinand Magellan, who first saw them in 1520. Oil spills kill approximately 20,000 adult and 22,000 juvenile Magellanic Penguins off the coast of Argentina every year.[2] These stones are also called "gastroliths" or "stomach stones" Penguins swallow pebbles and stones as well as their food. Scientists believe that the stones may help grind up and digest their food. The stones may also add enough extra weight to help penguins dive deeper.[2] Penguins do not have teeth. Instead they use their beak to grab and hold wiggling prey. They have spines on the roof of their beak to help them get a good grip. Penguins even have spines on their tongues.[2] Penguins find all their food in the sea and are carnivores. They eat mostly fish and squid. They also eat crustaceans, such as crabs, shrimp, and krill. A large penguin can collect up to 30 fish in one dive. Penguins (and any animal) that eat only fish are called piscivorous.[2] Penguins spend several hours a day preening or caring for their feathers. If penguins don’t keep them well maintained, their feathers would not stay waterproof. For extra protection, penguins spread oil on their feathers. The oil comes from a special gland near their tail feathers.[3] Penguins molt, or lose their feathers, once a year. They always molt on land or ice and until they grow new waterproof coats, they are unable to go into the water. Molting may take weeks, and most penguins lose about half their body weight during this time.[3] The penguin with the highest number of species is the Macaroni Penguin, with approximately 11,654,000 pairs.[3] Penguin nesting areas are called “rookeries” and may contain thousands of pairs of birds. Each penguin has a distinct call, which allows individual penguins to find their mates and chicks even in the largest groups.[2] Penguins are highly social birds. Even at sea, penguins usually swim and feed in groups. Some penguin colonies on Antarctica are huge and can contain 20 million or more penguins at various times during the year.[1] One of the largest King penguin nesting colonies is on South Georgia Island, with over 100,000 breeding pairs King penguins can form nesting colonies of up to 10,000 penguins. Each penguin keeps its neighbor at an exact but close distance.[2] Out of all the penguin and bird species, the Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeds in the coldest environment. Air temperatures may reach -40° F (-40° C) and wind speeds may reach 89 mph (144 km/hr).[3] A penguin’s normal body temperature is approximately 100° F (38° C).[3] Emperor Penguins are the fifth heaviest of all bird species, although an adult male will lose about 26 pounds while he waits for a penguin chick to hatch.[3] Emperor Penguins have the longest uninterrupted incubation time of any bird at 64-67 days.[6] Emperor Penguins have the widest variety of vocalizations of all penguins. Scientists believe this is because they have no fixed nest site and must rely on vocal calls alone to find their chicks and m


Which horse race along with the Cambridgeshire makes up the 'Autumn Double'?

Cambridgeshire Meeting | Newmarket St Leger Cambridgeshire Meeting The Cambridgeshire Meeting is a three-day festival held at Newmarket which provides racegoers with some top quality Group races as well as some top notch handicaps. Even though the three Group One events are a huge attraction to the Cambridgeshire Meeting with the Cheveley Park Stakes and Sun Chariot Stakes being notable races during the festival, the biggest betting race of the whole week is the Cambridgeshire Handicap. Run over one mile, one furlong the Cambridgeshire Handicap attracts a bumper field of usually in excess of 25 runners.� Historically a wide open betting heat the Cambridgeshire is one of the toughest handicaps all season and along with the Cesarewitch makes up the Autumn Double. Over the years the Cambridgeshire Handicap has served up some excellent renewals and with so many runners punters can always eek out that little bit of value.� Since 1995 only three favourites have managed to win the race and there have been some notable big priced winners and no more than Spanish Don, who won the Cambridgeshire for trainer David Elsworth and jockey Liam Keniry at odds of 100/1. The three-day meeting has seen a plethora of stars go to post in recent years and having obtained the Fillies' Mile and Royal Lodge Stakes from Ascot, a race which the mighty Frankel scorched to success in in 2010, you are bound to see even more top class runners go to post throughout the three days. Recent Winners of Cambridgeshire Handicap 2000 - Katy Nowaitee 2001 - I Cried for You 2002 - Beauchamp Pilot


Who was on the British throne 1199-1216?

King John | Britroyals   Britroyals Born: December 24, 1166 at Beaumont Palace : Oxford Parents: Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine Relation to Elizabeth II: 21st great-grandfather House of: Angevin Ascended to the throne: April 6, 1199 aged 32 years Crowned: May 27, 1199 at Westminster Abbey Married: 1) Isabella of Gloucester, (annulled 1199), (2) Isabella, Daughter of Count of Angouleme Children: Two sons including Henry III, three daughters and several illegitimate children Died: October 18, 1216 at Newark Castle, aged 49 years, 9 months, and 24 days Buried at: Worcester Reigned for: 17 years, 6 months, and 13 days Succeeded by: his son Henry III John was nicknamed Lackland, probably because, as the youngest of Henry II's five sons, it was difficult to find a portion of his father's French possessions for him to inherit. He was acting king from 1189 during his brother Richard the Lion-Heart's absence on the Third Crusade. The legend of Robin Hood dates from this time in which John is portrayed as Bad King John. He was involved in intrigues against his absent brother, but became king in 1199 when Richard was killed in battle in France. Most of his reign was dominated by war with France. Following the peace treaty of Le Goulet there was a brief peace, but fighting resumed again in 1202. John had lost Normandy and almost all the other English possessions in France to Philip II of France by 1204. He spent the next decade trying to regain these without success and was finally defeated by Philip Augustus at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. He was also in conflict with the Church. In 1205 he disputed the pope's choice of Stephen Langton as archbishop of Canterbury, and Pope Innocent III placed England under an interdict, suspending all religious services, including baptisms, marriages, and burials. John retaliated by seizing church revenues, and in 1209 was excommunicated. Eventually, John submitted, accepting the papal nominee, and agreed to hold the kingdom as a fief of the papacy; an annual monetary tribute was paid to the popes for the next 150 years by successive English monarchs. His repressive policies and ruthless taxation to fund the warin France brought him into conflict with his barons which became known as the Barons War. In 1215 rebel baron leaders marched on London where they were welcomed by an increasing band of defectors from John�s royalist supporters. Their demands were drawn up in a document which became the known as the Magna Carta. John sort peace and met them at Runnymede where on 15th June 1215 he agreed to their demands and sealed the Magna Carta. It was a remarkable document which set limits on the powers of the king, laid out the feudal obligations of the barons, confirmed the liberties of the Church, and granted rights to all freemen of the realm and their heirs for ever. It was the first written constitution. Read and view the Magna Carta . His concessions did not buy peace for long and the Barons War continued. The barons sought French aid and Prince Louis of France landed in England supported by attacks from the North by Alexander II of Scotland. John fled and according to legend lost most of his baggage and the crown jewels when crossing the tidal estuaries of the Wash. He became ill with dysentery and died at Newark Castle in October 1216. Quotes: No free man shall be taken or imprisioned .. except by lawful judgement of his peers ..' - Magna Carta, Clause 39, 1215 Timeline for King John


Bahrain Facts, Capital City, Currency, Flag, Language, Landforms, Land Statistics, Largest Cities, Population, Symbols Ethnicity: Bahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% GDP total: $32.44 billion (2012 est.) GDP per capita: $28,200 (2012 est.) Land Sizes Language: Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu Largest Cities: (by population) Manama, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa, Dar Kulayb, Madinat Hamad, Madinat Isa, Sitrah, Jidd Hafs, Al Hadd Name: From the Arabic word bahrayn, which is the double form of bahr, meaning "sea" or "two seas" National Day: December 16


Infection Diseases Glossary — The National Academies A taxonomic class of bacteria. Bacteria A large group of unicellular microorganisms that lack a cell nucleus. Some bacteria are pathogenic and harmful to humans, some have no effect at all on humans, and some are beneficial. Beta-lactam Antibiotics One of several families of antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams, containing a molecular ring-shaped structure made up of three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Biological Agent (Terrorism) A bacterium, virus, or other biological toxin used in bioterrorism or biological warfare. Bioterrorism The deliberate release of a virus, bacterium, or other biological agent to cause illness and death in people, animals, or plants. Bioweapon A bacterium, virus, or other biological toxin used in bioterrorism or biological warfare. Bronchial Tubes Large tubes that carry air into smaller branches of the lungs after the air has passed through the mouth, nasal passages, and windpipe. Cancer A class of diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade healthy tissues in various parts of the body. Category A Agents A class of biological agents that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention views as posing the highest priority risk to U.S. national security. Cell The smallest unit of living matter capable of functioning independently. Cell Membrane A semipermeable barrier that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) A federal agency under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that works with partners across the United States to ensure public health—through health promotion; prevention of disease, injury, and disability; and preparedness for new health threats. Chromosome An organized structure of DNA and proteins within the nucleus of a cell that contains many genes. Chronic Disease Any disease that is long lasting (3 months or more) or recurrent—as opposed to an acute disease—and cannot be prevented by a vaccine or cured by medication. Chronic Inflammation A prolonged form of localized immune response to harmful agents and damaged tissue that is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and/or loss of function. Cirrhosis A condition caused by chronic liver disease characterized by the development of scar tissue leading to a loss of liver function. Climate Change The process of shifting from one prevailing state in regional or global climate to another. Climate change is typically the preferred term over “global warming” because it helps to convey that the characteristics of climate change are not limited to rising temperatures. Contagion A general term for any disease-causing infectious agent spread by direct or indirect contact. Cytokine A type of protein secreted by cells in the immune system that carries signals  that facilitate cell-to-cell communication  and help regulate the way the immune system responds to inflammation and infection. Disease Any abnormal condition  that affects all or part of an organism, resulting in symptoms such as pain or loss of function. DNA Short for deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA is any of the nucleic acids that contain the genetic instructions necessary for the development and functioning of all living organisms as well as some viruses. Ecology A branch of science that deals with the relation of organisms to one another and their physical environment. Ecosystem A functional unit that consists of all the living organisms in a particular area, as well as the nonliving, physical components in the environment—such as air, soil, water, and sunlight—with which the organisms interact, and how natural and human-made changes affect these interactions. Egg Cell The female gamete, or sex cell, which carries the hereditary material of the female parent and unites with the male sperm cell during sexual reproduction. El Niño-Southern Oscillation Cycle (ENSO) A combination of two events, El Niño and La Niña, which are periodic disruptions in the ocean’s temperatu


Name the ship on the voyage in 1907 in which Ernest Shackleton located the magnetic South Pole?

Brother Ernest Shackleton Antarctic Explorer and Survivor Antarctic Explorer and Survivor � by Dr. Ivan M. Tribe, KCT, KYCH, 33� In past generations, Americans and Europeans generally held polar explorers in high esteem. Those who endured great hardship  won wide acclaim for their achievements, sometimes giving their lives in the process of their quest for fame. Among those who devoted their energies to such endeavors were a number of Masons, both American and British including Nathaniel Palmer, Elisha Kent Kane, Robert Peary, Robert Falcon Scott, Admiral Richard E. Byrd, and the subject of the following sketch, Sir Ernest Shackleton. While he discovered neither the North nor the South Pole, his exploits in the Antarctic rank as some of the major accomplishments of the age, particularly his 1914-1916 expedition where his name and character became virtually synonymous with the ship, Endurance, that bore him and his men to the far south. Ernest Henry Shackleton was born at Kildea in County Kildare, Ireland, of a farmer-physician father, whose ancestors hailed originally from Yorkshire, England, and an Irish mother. In 1884 the Shackletons moved to suburban London. In 1887 young Ernest became a student at Dulwich College. He seems to have been somewhat indifferent to academics, and his teachers held him up as an example only after he became famous. Shackleton dropped out of school in 1890 and joined the Merchant Navy, making his first voyage from Liverpool to Valparaiso, Chile, aboard the Hoghton Tower. He made other journeys in the next few years, becoming certified as a First Mate in 1896 and as a Master two years later. Somewhat later, he gained commission as a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve. During this time, he served on two voyages that transported soldiers and supplies to Cape Town in the Boer War. That 1890 trip around Cape Horn always stuck in his mind and whetted his sense of adventure. He later told a journalist that "I felt strangely drawn to the mysterious south." Ernest Shackleton's pathway to international fame and "the mysterious south" began when he joined the Discovery expedition organized by the Royal Geographical Society and led by Robert Falcon Scott, a navy officer and member of Drury Lane Lodge 2127 in London. In fact, prior to the group's departure, Shackleton took his Entered Apprentice degree on July 9, 1901, in Navy Lodge No. 2612, also in London. Several years would pass before he took additional Masonic work. Antarctic expeditions were a dangerous business. A legend concerning the Discovery voyage is that a 1901 recruiting advertisement in the Times of London read, "Men wanted for hazardous journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of winter. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful. Honour and recognition in case of success." The trip of 1901-1902 fulfilled many of these promises, although most members survived. While Scott, Shackleton, and a Dr. Edward Wilson journeyed overland to a new record of 82�17'S latitude on December 31, 1902, they were still 463 nautical miles from the South Pole. Ernest became seriously ill with scurvy, and Scott had him sent back home. Back in England Shackleton married Emily Dorman on April 9, 1904. Emily had been a friend of Ernest's sister that he had first met in 1897 after returning from a sea voyage to Japan. The marriage would result in three children; Raymond, Edward and Cecil; but would be characterized by long separations in which Emily often had to support herself and the children. Hoping to return to the Antarctic, Shackleton worked for Royal Magazine as a journalist and Secretary of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society. The following year, the thirty-one-year-old explorer made an unsuccessful attempt for political office "standing" for a seat in the House of Commons from Dundee, Scotland. Soon after he began to work at securing financial support for another trip to the ''far South." Much of the monetary help Shackleton needed was provided by a Glasgow industrialist named William Beardmore. A grateful Shackleton would subsequently name a new


California is bordered by 3 states, Arizona and Nevada are two name the third,

What States Border California? | eHow What States Border California? Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images Eureka! Yes, that's a town in northern California, but it's also the state motto. Gold fever had something to do with that. California is the third largest state in the country, with the almost 900-mile length of its west coast framed by the Pacific Ocean. Three smaller states border this beautiful state, with its redwoods, pristine beaches and snow-capped mountains. Oregon The western half of Oregon lies along the northern edge of California. The two states meet in a geographically stunning manner along the Pacific coast, and blend into pine country and rolling hills the farther east you travel. Unlike the East Coast of the United States, which is composed of 14 states, the West Coast has three: California, Oregon and Washington. Nevada Flanking almost the entire state along California's eastern border is Nevada. The Sierra Nevada Mountains run along a 250-mile-long portion of this border, with the two states sharing certain areas. The two states also share portions of such diverse sites as Lake Tahoe, Death Valley and the Mojave Desert, the latter being an enormously hot and dry zone with unique features across its 25,000 square miles. Countless visitors annually travel between these major destinations, and also from Los Angeles in Southern California to Las Vegas in Nevada. Arizona Western Arizona lies against the southeastern side of California. The Colorado River divides the two states. Blythe, California, and Yuma, Arizona, are two major crossing points along the border. These desert regions can experience high winds and dust storms, which create problems for travelers. Always stay alert to local conditions. The Colorado River has many areas for recreation seekers. Mexico Though not a state, Mexico borders the southernmost part of California. Tourists and travelers between the United States and Mexico must present passports or other forms of identification when moving between countries, and will sometimes have to wait long periods of time at actual border crossings. The long waits typically occur during peak travel seasons or when something has gone awry that local law enforcement deems is serious enough to stop traffic. Patience and a good book come in handy during such waits, or get out and stretch and try to identify the differences in landscapes.


What is a cloud of gas and dust called in space?

What do you call a cloud in space that is composed of dust and gas? | Reference.com What do you call a cloud in space that is composed of dust and gas? A: Quick Answer A cloud in space that is composed of dust and gas is call a nebula. The word "nebula" is derived from the Latin word for "cloud," and nebulae in space are indeed large interstellar clouds made up of dust, hydrogen, helium and plasma. The study of nebulae is of particular interest to astronomers because they indicate much about stellar and planetary formations. There are four types of nebula, characterized by different gaseous and particulate composition. They are: Planetary nebula Some of the largest known and identified  nebulae in the Milky Way are: Crab Nebula


What do Americans call what we call a chimney?

Chimney Swift, Sounds, All About Birds - Cornell Lab of Ornithology Search the Macaulay Library online archive for more sounds and videos Backyard Tips Chimney Swifts may take up residence in your brick chimney if you leave the chimney cap off. It’s a good idea to keep the damper closed during summer and to schedule chimney cleanings either before or after the breeding season. If you don’t have a chimney, you can build a swift nesting tower with plans from the North American Chimney Swift Nest Site Research Project . Find This Bird The “flying cigar” silhouette of the Chimney Swift is a common sight all summer in the skies over eastern cities and towns. Lakes and rivers are especially good places to look for swifts, where they often forage along with swallows, which have broader wings and more fluid wingbeats. Be sure to keep an ear out for their distinctive, high-pitched chattering calls—they often call on the wing while foraging. During migration, thousands of swifts roost together in chimneys, funneling into them at dusk in spectacular tornado-like flocks.


'If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs and blaming it on you' is the first line of which piece of work by Rudyard Kipling?

If Poem by Rudyard Kipling - Poem Hunter If Poem by Rudyard Kipling - Poem Hunter If - Poem by Rudyard Kipling Autoplay next video If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you; If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too: If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies, Or being hated don't give way to hating, And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise; If you can dream- -and not make dreams your master; If you can think- -and not make thoughts your aim, If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same:. If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, And stoop and build'em up with worn-out tools; If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, And lose, and start again at your beginnings, And never breathe a word about your loss: If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold on! ' If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Or walk with Kings- -nor lose the common touch, If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, If all men count with you, but none too much: If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds' worth of distance run, Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it, And- -which is more- -you'll be a Man, my son!


In which country was the actress Julie Christie born?

Julie Christie - Biography - IMDb Julie Christie Biography Showing all 110 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (3) | Trivia  (67) | Personal Quotes  (28) | Salary  (6) Overview (4) 5' 3" (1.6 m) Mini Bio (1) Julie Christie, the British movie legend whom Al Pacino called "the most poetic of all actresses", was born in Chukua, Assam, India, on April 14, 1941, the daughter of a tea planter, Frank St. John Christie, and his wife, Rosemary (Ramsden), who was a painter. Her family was of English, and some Scottish, origin. The young Christie grew up on her father's tea plantation before being sent to England for her education. Finishing her studies in Paris, where she had moved to improve her French with an eye to possibly becoming a linguist (she is fluent in French and Italian), the teenager became enamored of the freedom of the Continent. She also was smitten by the bohemian life of artists and planned on becoming an artist before she enrolled in London's Central School of Speech Training. She made her debut as a professional in 1957 as a member of the Frinton Repertory of Essex. Christie was not fond of the stage, even though it allowed her to travel, including a professional gig in the United States. Her true métier as an actress was film, and she made her screen debut in the science-fiction television serial A for Andromeda (1961) in 1961. Her first film role was as the unlikely fiancé of Leslie Phillips in the Ealing-like comedy Crooks Anonymous (1962), which was followed up by an ingénue role in another comedy, The Fast Lady (1962). The producers of the "James Bond" series were sufficiently intrigued by the young actress to consider her for the role that subsequently went to Ursula Andress in Dr. No (1962), but dropped the idea because she was not busty enough. Christie first worked with the man who would kick her career into high gear, director John Schlesinger , when he choose her as a replacement for the actress originally cast in Billy Liar (1963). Christie's turn in the film as the free-wheeling "Liz" was a stunner, and she had her first taste of becoming a symbol if not icon of the new British cinema. Her screen presence was such that the great John Ford cast her as the Irish prostitute, Daisy Battles, in Young Cassidy (1965). Charlton Heston wanted her for his film The War Lord (1965), but the studio refused her salary demands. Although Amercan magazines portrayed Christie as a "newcomer" when she made her breakthrough to super-stardom in Schlesinger's seminal Swinging Sixties film Darling (1965), she actually had considerable work under her professional belt and was in the process of a artistic quickening. Schlesinger called on Christie, whom he adored, to play the role of mode "Diana Scott" when the casting of Shirley MacLaine fell through. (MacLaine was the sister of the man who would become Christie's long-time paramour in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Warren Beatty , whom some, like actor Rod Steiger , believe she gave up her career for. Her Doctor Zhivago (1965) co-star, Steiger -- a keen student of acting -- regretted that Christie did not give more of herself to her craft). As played by Christie, Diana is an amoral social butterfly who undergoes a metamorphosis from immature sex kitten to jaded socialite. For her complex performance, Christie won raves, including the Best Actress Awards from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the British Film Academy. She had arrived, especially as she had followed up Darling (1965) with the role of "Lara" in two-time Academy Award-winning director David Lean 's adaptation of Boris Pasternak 's Doctor Zhivago (1965), one of the all-time box-office champs. Christie was now a superstar who commanded a price of $400,000 per picture, a fact ruefully noted in Charlton Heston 's diary (his studio had balked at paying her then-fee of $35,000). More interested in film as an art form than in consolidating her movie stardom, Christie followed up Doctor Zhivago (1965) with a dual role in Fahrenheit 451 (1966) for director Fran


If you land at Reina Scofia Airport, which island are you on?

Tenerife South Airport Guide - Information On Tenerife Reina Sofia Airport Tenerife South Airport Tenerife South Airport Guide Tenerife South Airport is often referred to as Reina Sofia or Tenerife Sur. It is the larger airport on the island handling most of the holiday flights. Tenerife North Los Rodeos Airport is in the north of the island and mostly handles inter-island and Spanish domestic flights. It was opened in 1978 by Queen Sofia (hence the name) after the island authorities decided they needed a new location for an airport as the existing one did not meet technical requirements  due to adverse weather conditions. So it is likely that if you are flying from the UK or Ireland you will land at Tenerife South Airport and not Los Rodeos in the north. The airport is situated to the south of the island in the heart of the tourist area. The island's capital Santa Cruz is 60km to the south west of the and the popular resort of Playa de Las Americas is 16km to the south east.. It is close to the TF1 which links Santa  Cruz with the south of the island and has its own dedicated exit from  the motorway. There are excellent transport links with the public bus service offering cheap and fast services most part of the island. Line 343  connects the South Airport with the North Airport . There are no rail services on Tenerife. The airport has a single terminal and if you need any assistance on flight enquiries, general airport information and lost property then there are two information desks with bilingual staff in the central hall opposite arrivals and departures. If you have mobility problems then you'll be delighted to learn that the airport is very accessible for wheelchair users with lifts to the upper floors. Other facilities to assist disabled passengers  incude telephones, restaurants and toilets. It is important that travellers with mobility problems give their airline notice of any special requirements at least 72  hours before departure to give them time to make the necessary arrangements. This island is crowned by volcanic Mount Teide in the National Park. It's the highest in Spain at  3,718 metres and has been declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco. The easiest way to get there is to hire a car which you leave in a safe area before catching the cable car to get to its summit. It's still active, but the only volcanic evidence I've experienced is the smell of rotten eggs caused by sulphur gas emissions. Tenerife is busiest during the winter months when its warm climate attracts Northern European tourists who flock there to get some some sunshine. In 2014 Tenerife Reina Sofia Airport handled 9.176.274passengers with 9.176.274 flight operations.


What is the chemical symbol for Tungsten?

Chemical Elements.com - Tungsten (W) Contains an "Introduction to Tungsten", among other things If you know of any other links for Tungsten, please let me know Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Tungsten. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/w.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license  agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.


Who had the nickname the Galloping Gourmet?

The Straight Dope: Whatever happened to the Galloping Gourmet? A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Whatever happened to the Galloping Gourmet? Dear Straight Dope: I know that you must be the most intelligent human being in the world. I realize this because my last name is also Adams. I've also read "The Prince" by Machiavelli and understand that flattery will get me everywhere. Oh great one, what became of the greatest and most drunk TV cook commonly referred to as the Galloping Gourmet? I vaguely remember watching this cullinary giant at the tender age of 7. I also recollect that he gained much of his inspiration by drinking large quantities of wine while on the air. What was his name? What became of him? Finally, but least of all, may I become a great chef by drinking large quantities of alcohol on television? — Nicholas G Adams Well, Nicholas, I do hope you'll accept the answer from an non-Adams. I'll do what I can under that handicap. According to the website entitled Wellness on the Web with Graham Kerr (the Galloping One's real name): "In his days as the Galloping Gourmet he practiced "hedonism in a hurry," creating dishes overflowing with cream, butter, egg yolks and deep-fat fried. "In 1972, while recuperating after a near fatal accident, Graham began to experiment with a low-fat cooking style to help ease his family's stomachs while traveling at sea. The family, however, rebelled against Graham's first efforts of his "caring" cuisine, claiming the food to be bland and unremitting. "It wasn't until his wife Treena's heart attack in 1986 did Graham really begin to refine his low-fat cuisine, realizing he needed to wrap the "caring" with pleasure. The same year Graham decided that his personal mission would be to help Treena make healthy and creative lifestyle changes that would last. "After a 23 year journey of intensive nutritional research, combined with his years of cooking experience, Graham created the techniques he uses today. He has shared these discoveries through his books and television series, as seen on PBS and The Discovery Channel and continues to communicate his message of combining sound nutrition with creative cooking on an international level." His new, healthier cooking show, "Swiftly Seasoned" can be seen on your local PBS station, and you can catch his Web show on the New Atlantis site. Now as to whether drinking while cooking can make you a great chef, I don't know, but it never seemed to hurt Julia Child any, either. - — Terey Staff Reports are written by the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board, Cecil's online auxiliary. Though the SDSAB does its best, these columns are edited by Ed Zotti, not Cecil, so accuracywise you'd better keep your fingers crossed.


If your phobia is cynophobia what is your fear?

Cynophobia - Fear of Dogs Cynophobia By Lisa Fritscher - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. Updated November 16, 2016 Cynophobia, or fear of dogs, is an extremely common specific phobia. Although snake and spider phobias are even more prevalent, the average person is far more likely to encounter dogs in his daily life. A phobia of dogs can be devastating, limiting the sufferer's contact with dog-owning relatives and curtailing her normal activities. Causes of Cynophobia Like most animal phobias , fear of dogs is most commonly caused by a negative experience with a dog, especially during childhood. Both children and dogs are naturally curious, and most of us have been jumped on by an overexcited puppy or growled at by a large watchdog as we approached a fence. A large dog can make a major impression on a small child, even if no actual attack occurred. The negative experience need not have affected you directly. Many parents warn children about approaching strange dogs. A child's fertile imagination combined with an incomplete or even erroneous understanding of dog behavior could lead to a full-blown phobia of dogs. If a friend or relative was attacked by a dog, or a parent harbored an unhealthy fear, the risk of developing cynophobia is increased. Symptoms of Cynophobia Like all phobias, the fear of dogs can vary dramatically in severity from person to person. You might fear only large breeds. You may be uncomfortable around live dogs but be perfectly content to view dogs in photographs or TV shows. Likewise, the symptoms of cynophobia can also vary. Common reactions include running away, freezing in terror and attempting to hide. You might shake, feel nauseated or disoriented or even begin to cry. Anticipatory anxiety frequently occurs in the days leading up to a known confrontation. Complications of Cynophobia Because dogs are so popular as pets and companions, avoiding them can be nearly impossible. You might find yourself limiting contact with dog owners, even to the point of avoiding family gatherings. You may be unable to enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking or camping, since many outdoor enthusiasts bring their dogs. Over time, your normal routine may become extremely restricted as you attempt to prevent any accidental contact with a dog. This increasing isolation can lead to depression and other anxiety disorders . Some people develop social phobia and even agoraphobia as they become more and more unwilling to leave their homes. Treating Cynophobia Like all animal phobias, the fear of dogs responds quite well to treatment. Cognitive-behavioral techniques such as systematic desensitization and flooding are designed to help remove the fear and encourage more helpful coping skills . Although these techniques are traditionally performed using live dogs, some research indicates that active-imaginal exposure may work just as well. If you are given this type of treatment, you will be encouraged to act out positive behaviors such as approaching and petting a dog. Instead of interacting with a live dog, however, you will vividly imagine the dog. If your phobia is severe, medications might be used in conjunction with therapy. Certain medications can significantly reduce your anxiety, allowing you to focus on the therapeutic techniques. Although cynophobia can be devastating, it is extremely treatable. With a bit of work, there is no reason that you must continue to suffer. References: Rentz, T., Powers, M., Smits, J., Cougle, J., and Telch, M. "Active-imaginal exposure: Examination of a new behavioral treatment for cynophobia (dog phobia)." Behavior Research and Therapy. February 12, 2003. Retrieved October 19, 2009 from https://labs.la.utexas.edu/telch/files/2015/02/Active-Imaginal.pdf American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Continue Reading


On whish river does Newport (Isle of Wight) stand?

The History of Newport | Newport Isle of Wight | Heart of the Island | Newport Isle of Wight Garages The History of Newport The first recorded reference to ‘Newport’ is in 1180 stating that the town was founded by the first Earl of Devon and the Lord of the Isle of Wight. Back then, the River Medina, which runs through the centre of the town, was the power supply for no less than 15 corn mills, some of which still stand today. In 1377, an invading French force burn down much of the town while attempting to take Carisbrooke Castle which stands proudly above the town, now owned and maintained as an English Heritage site. The town was incorporated as a borough in 1608 and its position as an area of trade accessible to the sea meant it rapidly took over from Carisbrooke as the main central settlement, eventually absorbing it as a suburb. Due to Newport never being a walled town, there are no physical boundaries. However, the edges of the town are clearly defined by the naming of streets by the four points of the compass. There is evidence that prehistoric settlements existed in Newport and Roman remains are still being discovered such as the Newport Roman Villa site which is open to the public. Newport is home to St Thomas’ Church which was built in 1857, the Guildhall, originally the Town Hall, which was designed by John Nash and built in 1813, and a number of other historical buildings of interest with a colourful past.


Name the film where a Scottish Village awakens only once every hundred years?

Brigadoon (1954) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error | Fantasy , Musical , Romance | 8 September 1954 (USA) Two Americans on a hunting trip in Scotland become lost. They encounter a small village, not on the map, called Brigadoon, in which people harbor a mysterious secret, and behave as if they were still living two hundred years in the past. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 45 titles created 24 Aug 2012 a list of 49 titles created 10 Nov 2013 a list of 42 titles created 01 Sep 2015 a list of 30 images created 26 Sep 2015 a list of 44 titles created 3 months ago Search for " Brigadoon " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     3     Oscars. Another    1 win. See more awards  » Videos A girl is engaged to the local richman, but meanwhile she has dreams about the legendary pirate Macoco. A traveling singer falls in love with her and to impress her he poses as the pirate. Director: Vincente Minnelli The Wolves baseball team gets steamed when they find they've been inherited by one K.C. Higgins, a suspected "fathead" who intends to take an active interest in running the team. But K.C. ... See full summary  » Director: Busby Berkeley Three sailors on a day of shore leave in New York City look for fun and romance before their twenty-four hours are up. Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly Stars: Gene Kelly, Frank Sinatra, Betty Garrett Two sailors, one naive, the other experienced in the ways of the world, on liberty in Los Angeles, is the setting for this movie musical. Director: George Sidney A small-town farmer, down on her luck, finds her homestead invaded by a theatrical troupe invited to stay by her ne'er-do-well sister. Director: Charles Walters Three soldiers meet 10 years after their last meeting in New York, and find out that they have little in common now. Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly Stars: Gene Kelly, Dan Dailey, Cyd Charisse After writing a tell-all book about her days in the dance troupe "Barry Nichols and Les Girls", Sybil Wren (Kay Kendall) is sued for libeling her fellow dancer Angele (Taina Elg). A Rashomon ... See full summary  » Director: George Cukor Two vaudeville performers fall in love, but find their relationship tested by the arrival of WWI. Director: Busby Berkeley Three friends struggle to find work in Paris. Things become more complicated when two of them fall in love with the same woman. Director: Vincente Minnelli In 1850 Oregon, when a backwoodsman brings a wife home to his farm, his six brothers decide that they want to get married too. Director: Stanley Donen A pretentiously artistic director is hired for a new Broadway musical and changes it beyond recognition. Director: Vincente Minnelli A musical remake of Ninotchka: After three bumbling Soviet agents fail in their mission to retrieve a straying Soviet composer from Paris, the beautiful, ultra-serious Ninotchka is sent to ... See full summary  » Director: Rouben Mamoulian Edit Storyline Americans Tommy Albright and Jeff Douglas, on a hunting vacation in Scotland, discover a quaint and beautiful village, Brigadoon. Strangely, the village is not on any map, and soon Tommy and Jeff find out why: Brigadoon is an enchanted place. It appears once every hundred years for one day, then disappears back into the mists of time, to wake up to its next day a century hence. When Tommy falls in love with Fiona, a girl of the village, he realizes that she can never be part of his life back in America. Can he be part of hers in Brigadoon? Written by Jim Beaver <jumblejim@prodigy.net> The Musical Hit that Tops Them All! See more  » Genres: 8 September 1954 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: 4-Track Stereo | Mono (Western Electric Sound System) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Gene Kelly


Who was the first British monarch to abdicate?

Why the Queen is never going to abdicate - Telegraph Queen Elizabeth II Why the Queen is never going to abdicate The House of Windsor won’t follow Queen Beatrix’s example in the Netherlands.  Our monarch believes the job is God-given and for life Firm favourite: it is really the popular respect that keeps the Queen on the throne Photo: Geoff Pugh By Harry Mount Comments Prince Charles must sometimes wish he could go Dutch. Aged only 74, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands has just chosen to hand over the throne to her 45-year-old son, Prince Willem-Alexander. Meanwhile, our 86-year-old Queen shows no signs of passing on the top job to her 64-year-old heir, the oldest ever Prince of Wales. Is there any chance our Queen will follow Dutch precedent? Not an earthly, is the consensus among royal insiders. “She won’t abdicate,” says Sarah Bradford, author of Queen Elizabeth II: Her Life in Our Times. “That’s not what she does, or what the British monarchy does. There’s no tradition of abdication here – it goes against the informal rules of our constitutional set-up. But it is what the Netherlands Royal Family does.” Queen Beatrix is the third Dutch queen in a row to hand over power voluntarily. In 1948, the 68-year-old Queen Wilhelmina, Beatrix’s grandmother, abdicated due to ill health, after 58 years on the throne. Her daughter, Queen Juliana, reigned for 32 years until she was 71, when she handed on the throne to her daughter. Abdication is fast becoming a tradition in Holland. But it’s a tradition that’s in no danger of catching on over here. Related Articles Coronation robes to form centrepiece of Buckingham Palace summer opening 24 Jan 2013 “The links between the British and the Dutch royal families are strong – Queen Beatrix’s grandmother, Queen Wilhelmina, was evacuated to Britain during the Second World War,” says Bradford. “But that doesn’t mean they share the same attitudes. In fact, when you got a Dutch king coming over here, like William III, he stuck to the English ways and didn’t abdicate.” Britain hasn’t just had a monarchy that’s lasted more than a millennium, it’s also had monarchs who keep ruling right to the end. That might be a sticky end – whether it’s Charles I losing his head in 1649; or William Rufus, with an arrow through his lung in the New Forest in 1100; or Richard III, killed on Bosworth battlefield in 1485 and thought to be buried beneath a municipal car park in Leicester. British monarchs are allowed to go mad, like George III. They can turn hermit, like Queen Victoria, dubbed the Widow of Windsor after her self-enforced seclusion in Windsor Castle on Prince Albert’s death. But one thing runs through their blue bloodline – they keep hanging on, until death parts them from the throne. “I do feel sorry for the Prince of Wales, waiting and waiting, while his mother looks better and better,” says Bradford. “She’s not staying on because of any concern about his abilities as a king. The Queen simply feels she must do her duty, and she’s never even contemplated abdication.” Ironically, one of the factors that keeps the Queen resolutely in harness is the only voluntary abdication in British history: that of her uncle, Edward VIII, in 1936. The crisis rocked the country, the monarchy, the Church of England and the Queen’s personal life. It was because of an abdication that the Queen went from being a 10-year-old girl, with a relatively small chance of inheriting the throne, to becoming the most famous woman in the world. It was because of an abdication and the pressures of office – or so the Queen Mother thought – that her gentle-spirited husband, George VI, died at the premature age of 56. You can see why the Queen doesn’t much like the A word. The British taste for long-term monarchs is unusual, not just in Holland, but across the Continent, too. Jean, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, now 92, also abdicated in favour of his son, Henri, in 2000. In fact, they’ve been pretty keen on getting rid of monarchs altogether across the Channel. France’s last monarch, Napoleon III, was deposed in 1870; Portugal’s we


Which film did the Oscar winning song 'Secret Love' come from?

Doris Day sings "Secret Love" from "Calamity Jane" (1953) - YouTube Doris Day sings "Secret Love" from "Calamity Jane" (1953) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 3, 2013 Doris Day made famous Oscar winning song "Secret Love" in the film "Calamity Jane." This incredibly gifted actress and singer ushered in the award for "Best Original Song" in the 1953 Academy Awards. Category


Which fruit or vegetable is an Autumn Queen?

Fruit and Vegetables Fruit and Vegetables Contact Us Your browser is out-of-date! Newer is always better! Why not update your browser to experience the web how it is meant to be? Update my browser now     When in season Co-o have committed to 100% British produce on potatoes, carrots, cabbage, swede, onions and parsnips with plans to extend this even more to home grown fruit and vegetables. Why does eating seasonal British produce matter? It makes economic sense to eat seasonally as fruit and vegetables are sold more cheaply when there is a glut. Consider making tomato sauce using surplus tomatoes in late summer to see you through the winter months. Eating seasonally has health benefits too: foods in season contain the nutrients, minerals and trace elements that our bodies need at particular times of year. For example, British Food Fortnight marks the shift from summer to winter and the fruit and vegetables that are coming into season then, such as butternut squash and apples, are packed with vitamin C to boost our resistance to winter colds. With calls for us to eat at least five portions a day, fruit and vegetables are taking a more prominent role in menu planning. Think about pairing fruits and vegetables with produce that are grown or reared in the same locality e.g. watercress and trout from the rivers of Hampshire or apples and pork from the orchard-filled fields of Gloucestershire. When looking to purchase fruit and vegetables, keep an eye out for marks such as the Red Tractor logo Visit our logos and marks page for further information on certification.  What fruits & vegetables are in season when?


The Lord Temporal, The Lord Spiritual and the House of Commons are known as the 3 estates, what is the fourth?

The three estates - definition of the three estates by The Free Dictionary The three estates - definition of the three estates by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/the+three+estates Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. the three estates - a major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country (especially in the United Kingdom) and formerly possessing distinct political rights social class , socio-economic class , stratum , class - people having the same social, economic, or educational status; "the working class"; "an emerging professional class" first estate , Lords Spiritual - the clergy in France and the heads of the church in Britain Lords Temporal , second estate - the nobility in France and the peerage in Britain third estate , Commons - the common people fourth estate - the press, including journalists, newspaper writers, photographers body politic , country , nation , res publica , commonwealth , state , land - a politically organized body of people under a single government; "the state has elected a new president"; "African nations"; "students who had come to the nation's capitol"; "the country's largest manufacturer"; "an industrialized land" Britain , Great Britain , U.K. , UK , United Kingdom , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; `Great Britain' is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom France , French Republic - a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe


Paul Cézanne | The Card Players | The Met The Card Players Paul Cézanne (French, Aix-en-Provence 1839–1906 Aix-en-Provence) Date: 25 3/4 x 32 1/4 in. (65.4 x 81.9 cm) Classification: Bequest of Stephen C. Clark, 1960 Accession Number: 61.101.1 On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 826 This is probably the first in a series of five paintings that Cézanne devoted to peasants playing cards. Enlisting local farmhands to serve as models, he may have drawn inspiration for his genre scene from a seventeenth-century painting by the Le Nain brothers in the museum in his hometown of Aix. The Metropolitan’s picture was followed by a version twice its size, which includes the additional figure of a standing child at right (Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia). In the last three compositions, Cézanne continuously pared away details, focusing on just a pair of card players. Catalogue Entry The Painting: In his mid-fifties and at the height of his career, Paul Cézanne began a series of paintings, drawings, and watercolors of card players. The unprecedented repetition of the theme of card players and the monumental scale at which he chose to work in two of the later canvases demonstrate the significance of the project for him. Cézanne referred to his five paintings of card players as "souvenirs of the museums" (Vollard 1990), as they were steeped in art historical references to paintings by past European masters. We know from his dealer Ambroise Vollard (1914) that "every afternoon Cézanne would go to the Louvre or to the Trocadero to sketch the Old Masters." (Vollard [1914] first saw any of Cézanne’s work in 1892, at the time of the completion of The Met’s picture, which he bought from the artist seven or eight years later.) The younger painter Emile Bernard, for whom Cézanne was a role model, also noted the influence on the Provençal artist not only of paintings in the Louvre but also of engravings after paintings of major European predecessors (Bernard 1904). Technical analysis of The Met’s painting has revealed it as probably the first essay in the series, after single-figure studies, following critic Georges Rivière’s (1933) first identification of it as the first painting in the series. (For a discussion of the technical analysis, see below.) Preparatory works suggest that each of the peasant models posed individually in the studio and that Cézanne built this scene with four figures on his own from these studies (Ireson and Wright 2010). Paulin Paulet, a gardener at the Cézanne family estate Jas de Bouffan ("House of the Wind") just outside Aix-en-Provence, posed for the figure on the left (Ireson and Wright 2010). We know from his daughter that he was paid five francs to pose (transcript of interview with Léontine Paulet, 1955, M. Provence Archive, Atelier des Lauves, according to Ratcliffe 1960). In addition to posing for The Met’s and the Barnes Collection’s (see Additional Images, fig. 1) pictures, Paulin Paulet also may have posed for the figure on the right in Cézanne’s three remaining two-character card-playing scenes in the Musée d’Orsay (see Additional Images, fig. 2), the Courtauld Gallery (see Additional Images, fig. 3), and a private collection (ca. 1892–96), as well as for his two versions of The Smoker (ca. 1890–91, Städtische Kunsthalle, Mannheim, and ca. 1890–92, State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg). Rivière (1933) identified the man with the pipe at the rear as "le père Alexandre," a farmworker at Jas who posed for the Man with a Pipe compositions (see Additional Images, figs. 4, 5) as well as the card players series. The other models are unknown but are generally believed to be other workers on the family farm. Cézanne’s models posed for this scene at Jas de Bouffan, but the exact setting there is a mystery. According to Cézanne’s friend Joachim Gasquet (1921), the series was painted in the farmhouse kitchen on the Cézanne family estate, rather than the main house where he usually painted. Fritz Novotny (1937) also identified the setting as the estate, but Athanassoglou-Kallmyer (2003) qualified that identifi


In the acronym OFSTED, what one word do the letters ST represent?

What is acronym? - Definition from WhatIs.com pneumatics An acronym (pronounced AK-ruh-nihm, from Greek acro- in the sense of extreme or tip and onyma or name) is an abbreviation of several words in such a way that the abbreviation itself forms a pronounceable word. The word may already exist or it can be a new word. Webster's cites snafu and radar , two terms of World War Two vintage, as examples of acronyms that were created. According to the strictest definition of an acronym, only abbreviations that are pronounced as words qualify. So by these standards, for example, COBOL is an acronym because it's pronounced as a word but WHO (World Health Organization) is not an acronym because the letters in the abbreviation are pronounced individually. However, opinions differ on what constitutes an acronym: Merriam-Webster, for example, says that an acronym is just "a word formed from the initial letters of a multi-word name."   Frequently, acronyms are formed that use existing words (and sometimes the acronym is invented first and the phrase name represented is designed to fit the acronym). Here are some examples of acronyms that use existing words: BASIC (Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) NOW (National Organization for Women) OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards)   Abbreviations that use the first letter of each word in a phrase are sometimes referred to as initialisms. Initialisms can be but are not always acronyms. AT&T, BT, CBS, CNN, IBM, and NBC are initialisms that are not acronyms. Many acronym lists you'll see are really lists of acronyms and initialisms or just lists of abbreviations. (Note that abbreviations include shortened words like "esp." for "especially" as well as shortened phrases.) Summing up: An abbreviation is a shortening of a word or a phrase. An acronym is an abbreviation that forms a word. An initialism is an abbreviation that uses the first letter of each word in the phrase (thus, some but not all initialisms are acronyms). Furthermore: An acronym so familiar that no one remembers what it stands for is called an anacronym (For example, few people know that COBOL stands for Common Business Oriented Language.) An acronym in which one of the letters stands for the actual word abbreviated therein is called a recursive acronym. (For example, VISA is said to stand for VISA International Service Association.) An acronym in which the short form was original and words made up to stand for it afterwards is called a backronym. (For example, SOS was originally chosen as a distress signal because it lent itself well to Morse code . Long versions, including Save Our Ship and Save our Souls, came later.) An acronym whose letters spell a word meaningful in the context of the term it stands for is called an apronym. (For example, BASIC , which stands for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, is a very simple programming language.) This was last updated in October 2007 Continue Reading About acronym


In the Bible who as the 11th son of Jacob?

table: sons of Jacob, 12 tribes of Israel Part IV - Marching Order of the Tribes Part I - Introductory Facts about the  12 Tribes of Israel Abraham begot Isaac. Isaac begot Jacob. To be an Israelite by blood, a person must be a descendent of   Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Jacob begot 12 sons who are listed herein in subsequent sections. The 12 sons of Jacob are the patriarchs of the 12 Tribes of Israel. For example, Jacob's son Benjamin is the patriarch of the Tribe   of Benjamin. Jacob's son Reuben is the patriarch of the Tribe of Reuben. And so forth. Well-known descendants of certain Tribes Tribe of Benjamin - King Saul, Paul the apostle [a.k.a. Saul of   Tarsus] Tribe of Levi - Moses, Aaron Tribe of Judah - King David, King Solomon, many other kings; Lord   Jesus, the Messiah The Promised Land [Canaan], plus an area on the east side of the  Jordan River, was allocated among the 12 Tribes. [Num 33.54; Num 36.3-9] As the priestly Tribe, Levi was given no land. [Num 18.20, 18.24]   Instead of land, God gave Levi the tithes of the people of Israel. Jacob's son Joseph had two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. By Jacob's command [Gen 48.5], Joseph's sons, Manasseh and Ephraim,   were regarded as de facto "Tribes" of Israel. Thus, the land allocations of Joseph and Levi were given instead   to Ephraim and Manasseh, preserving *twelve* as the number of tribes. [Josh 14.3-4] There is no such thing as "10 lost tribes of Israel." [Mt 10.6, Acts 26.7, Jam 1.1, Rev 7.1-8; Ezek 37] Part II Sons of Jacob [Names, Mothers,  Birth Verses] Sons of Jacob Meaning of Name Mother Birth Verse 01-Reuben See, a son Leah So Leah conceived and bore a son, and she called his name Reuben; for  she said, "The LORD has surely seen my affliction. Now therefore, my husband will love me." Gen 29.32 02-Simeon Hearing Leah Then she conceived again and bore a son, and said, "Because the  LORD has heard that I am unloved, He has therefore given me this son also." And she called his name Simeon. Gen 29.33 03-Levi Joined; attached Leah She conceived again and bore a son, and said, "Now this time  my husband will become attached to me, because I have borne him three sons." Therefore his name was called Levi. Gen 29.34 04-Judah Yah be praised Leah And she conceived again and bore a son, and said, "Now I will praise Yahweh." Therefore she called his name Judah. Then she stopped bearing. Gen  29.35 05-Dan Judge Bilhah (Rachel's servant) Then Rachel said, "God has judged my case; and He has also heard  my voice and given me a son." Therefore she called his name Dan. Gen 30.6 06-Naphtali My wrestling Bilhah (Rachel's servant) Rachel said, "With great wrestlings I have wrestled with my  sister, and indeed I have prevailed." So she called him Naphtali. Gen 30.6 07-Gad Troop; invader; good fortune Zilpah (Leah's servant) Then Leah said, "A troop comes!" So she called his name Gad. Gen 30.11 08-Asher Happy Zilpah (Leah's servant) Then Leah said, "I am happy, for the daughters will call me blessed." So she called his name Asher. Gen 30.13 09-Issachar Man of hire Leah Leah said, "God has given me my hire [wages] because I have given my maid  to my husband." So she called his name Issachar. Gen 30.18 10-Zebulun Dwelling Leah Leah said, "...now my husband will dwell with me, because I have borne  him six sons." So she called his name Zebulun. Gen 30.20b 11-Joseph Increaser Rachel So she called his name Joseph, and said, "The LORD shall add to me another son." Gen  30.24 12-Benjamin Son of the right hand Rachel As her soul was departing (for she died), she called his name Ben-Oni [son of my sorrow];  but his father called him Ben-Jamin. Gen 35.18 Part III - Prophecies about the 12 Tribes Sons of Jacob Genesis 49.1-27 Moses' Blessings Deuteronomy 33.6-25 01-Reuben Reuben, you are my firstborn, My might and the beginning of my strength,  The excellency of dignity and the excellency of power. Unstable as water, you shall not excel, Because you went  up to your father's bed; Then you defiled it -He went up to my couch. Let Reuben live, and


Which is the only country in the world whose name does not appear on its postage stamps?

Flags of Every Country Follow us... Flags of Every Country Tweet This map shows Flags of every country in the world. Flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags. Note: Flag description from CIA Factbook and Flag image from Wikipedia. Last updated: Abkhazia Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Castriota SKANDERBERG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-1478); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as "Shkypetars," which translates as "sons of the eagle" Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa Andorra three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the


Who, in 1974, was the first PFA Player's Players of the Year?

PFA Player of the Year winners 1974-2007 - Telegraph PFA Player of the Year winners 1974-2007   12:01AM BST 27 Apr 2008 PFA Player of the Year 1974-2007 1974 Norman Hunter - 'Bite yer legs' Hunter was a central defender for the feared Leeds United tean of the 1960s and 70s, he was also a member of the 1966 World Cup winning squad. 1975 Colin Todd- Currently manager of Randers FC, Todd won two Football League titles with Derby County in the 1970s, and was capped for England 27 times. 1976 Pat Jennings OBE- Former goalkeeper for Northern Ireland, Jennings played 119 games for his country. He played 1,000 top level games for clubs and even managed to score a goal in the 1967 Charity Shield. 1977 Andy Gray - Former Scotland striker, Andy Gray is now a football pundit for Sky Sports. He began his career with Dundee United before moving to Aston Villa, until Cristiano Ronaldo won in 2006-07, Gray was the only player to receive the PFA Young Player of the Year, and the Player of the year the following season. 1978 Peter Shilton OBE - England's most capped international player, Shilton earned 125 caps in goal for his country over 30 years. His career included eight clubs, three World Cups, two European Cup finals and over 1,000 competitive matches. 1979 Liam Brady - Former Ireland international, Brady is the current assistant manager of the Republic of Ireland senior team. He was a renowned midfielder with a notable left foot. He found success with Arsenal and Juventus and earned 72 international caps. 1980 Terry McDermott - Liverpool fan McDermott was initially overlooked by his local club and was signed to Newcastle in 1973. He met Liverpool in the 74 FA Cup final which Newcastle lost 3-0, but McDermott's dreams were fulfilled when six months later Liverpool manager Bob Paisley signed him to the Merseyside club. 1981 John Wark - John Wark was a defensive midfielder with an astonishing goals coring record - 165 over 22 years. He began his career at Ipswich, returned there after four years at Liverpool and finished his career there after a spell at Middlesbrough. 1982 Kevin Keegan - Kevin Keegan is widely regarded as one of the greatest English footballers - and the only one to be named European Footballer of the Year twice. He finished his playing career at Newcastle United where he is currently manager. He has also managed Fulham, Manchester City and the senior England team. 1983 Kenny Dalglish - Former Scottish international Kenny Dalglish is renowned for his success with both Celtic and Liverpool in the 1970s and 80s. He was the first player to win 100 caps for Scotland, and with 20 goals he shares the top scorer title with Dennis Law. 1984 Ian Rush - Welsh striker, Ian rush was well known for his partnership with Kenny Dalglish at Liverpool. He scored 254 goals over a 21-year career at eight different clubs: Chester, Liverpool, Juventus, Leeds, Newcastle, Sheffield, Wrexham and Sydney Olympic. 1985 Peter Reid - Peter Reid started his playing career in 1974 at Bolton, he also spent a number of years with Everton and Queens Park Rangers. He won 13 caps for England and was one of the players passed by Diego Maradona when he scored his second goal of the quarter-final of the same tournament. 1986 Gary Lineker - Former England striker Gary Lineker, scored 10 goals in two World Cups and is currently a sports broadcaster for the BBC. He had a prolific career at a number of clubs, including; Leicester, Everton, FC Barcelona and Tottenham Hotspur. During his career he was never cautioned or sent off by the referee. 1987 Clive Allen - Son of former Spurs forward Les Allen, Clive Allen enjoyed a career as a prolific goals corer at a number of clubs. He made big headlines in 1980 when as a teenager he was sold for £1.25 million. 1988 John Barnes -Former Liverpool player John Barnes was scouted by Watford as a schoolboy playing for non-league Sudbury Court - his signing fee was a set of kit. He is currently acting as a part-time scout in the Caribbean for Sunderland and is also a broadcaster channel Five. 1989 Mark Hughes - nicknamed 'S


'Whoever controls the Ohio and Mississippi rivers controls the continent' which American Civil War general said this?

Abraham Lincoln and Civil War Finance - Abraham Lincoln's Classroom Abraham Lincoln's Classroom Economic Prelude to the War   The Union economy expanded in the early 1860s – but that expansion was not an obvious or necessary outcome of southern secession and the subsequent Civil War. Abraham Lincoln’s election as president greatly upset the financial markets in New York. The prospect of secession spooked both merchants and financiers whose business was closely linked to the South. In November 1860, Harpers’ Weekly reported: “Within the past fortnight a panic has prevailed in Wall Street, and stocks of all descriptions have declined from ten to fifteen per cent. Such an event, occurring simultaneously with the most bountiful crops and the most remarkable development of material wealth this country has ever known, has naturally puzzled the public, and given rise to much surprise and conjecture.” 1 The New York financial community had opposed Lincoln’s election. “Merchants were apprehensive that it might result in cancellation of orders from the South, and bankers expected the repudiation of Southern debts amounting to over $200,000,000, if the South should secede,” wrote historian Richard Hofstadter. “The opposition press made a concerted effort to frighten business and financial interests. Merchants contributed so lavishly to the Fusion ticket in New York that Lincoln was disturbed.”2 New York City business reacted to a string of different fears during 1860 and early 1861 – and these in turn prompted different reactions toward the political situation the country confronted. Fear of a deleterious impact of a Republican victory caused many of them to try to force the creation of an anti-Republican fusion slate in New York. But fears of an inconclusive election that was thrown into the House of Representatives pushed some previously Democratic businessmen into the Republican camp. Southern radicals preaching secession and economic doom to the North pushed some New York businessmen toward the GOP. Furthermore, an improved economic situation pushed some New Yorkers to turn their business face from the South toward the Midwest. Businessmen were also aggravated by a phony financial panic in late October 1861. Shortly before the election, New York Republican businessmen issued an appeal to their fellow merchants: “It is simply a question of self-defense, of self-preservation. No true business man, it seems to us, who understands his own interests, can disregard the appeal made to him in this peculiar crisis of public affairs. We want peace and not panic, and there is only one way left now by which it can be secured.”3 After the election, a new round of fears circulated in the business community. Fear of defaults on Southern loan pushed businesses to try to settle accounts for long-term loans. Commerce-minded northerners were concerned that Republicans would spurn efforts to compromise with secessionists and upset the North’s economic relationships with the South. New York merchants tried desperately to collect debts and repair relationships with the South. As reports about secession grew that fall and winter, the financial markets fell. Historian Edward K. Spann wrote: “On December 15, 1860, prominent Democratic politicians and merchants, including Samuel J. Tilden and William B. Astor, met privately on Pine Street in New York City. The meeting passed resolutions urging added protection for slavery to mollify secessionists and appointed a committee headed by former President Millard Fillmore to go to the South with assurances of support for the Southern cause.” 4 Conservative businessmen like John A. Dix formed a Union Committee of Fifteen in December to rally support for compromise with the South. Democratic chieftain August Belmont wrote about another mid-December meeting: “Last evening I was present at an informal meeting of about thirty gentlemen, comprising our leading men – Republicans, Union men, and Democrats, composed of such names as Astor, Aspinwall, Moses H. Grinnell, Hamilton Fish, R. M. Blatchford, Etc. They were un