There are three colours on the flag of the Yemen, red, white and which other colour?

Colors of flags This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website Colors of flags Flags of the World Colour Standards Pantone Matching System and flags The Flag Institute has used standard colours for some time, derived from the Pantone Matching System, but making allowance for the prevailing system of printing from four process colours. As has been pointed out, most Mac programmes cater for PMS colours, including the one we use for graphics, which is Adobe Illustrator. Our object is to restrain the growth of colours to unmanageable proportions, and so we have listed some standard flag colours, with a few allowable variations. These variations come into effect where a flag's specifications call for them, eg 'azul turquesi' in some Central American flags, 'Yale Blue' in the flag of Israel, and where official specifications list either Pantone matches, eg Finland, Estonia, Australia, or other colour identification matches than can be 'translated' into Pantone matches. The standard PMS colours are: 032, red; 286, blue; 354, green; 109, yellow; 165, orange; and 167, brown. Some frequent variations are: 185, red for 'Old Glory Red' also used in Australia; 280 blue, ditto; 355 green as in the flag of Saudi Arabia, etc. Gold is 116, as in the flag of Europe and of Germany, and silver is 420. So far we have kept to our resolution to use not more than 30 shades of colour. A printout of these is available on request. Our position is that flags normally employ the 'default' colours unless some good reason can be shown for departing from them. William Crampton, 14 October 1995 Pantone matches are widely used, but not all countries have officially specified matches. I know the Flag Institute keeps records of officially set Pantone matches and that they have set their own matches for those flags where no official specification is made. For example, the Flag Institute's Pantone matches for the UK flag is Red 032 and Blue 286. Jan Oskar Engene, 11 December 1996 The British Navy's "Flags of all nations" give us general Pantone colours: Azure blue 549C Heraldic blue 286C Grey 409C With the specification: "The Pantone colour reference is for printers' use only". But, is a good colour reference. Sebastia Herreros, 13 December 1996 Shade of Blue in some flags On 26 February 1996 Bill Grimes-Wyatt stated "there is no question that the flags of Israel and Greece are a light blue, not dark blue as your charts might suggest." Blues can be very confusing. In Flags Through the Ages and Across the World (W. Smith, 1975) [smi75b] you will find that Israel and Greece both use a fairly dark blue, though they are slightly different from each other. The Israeli blue is as dark as any of the Blue Ensigns shown in the book, and the Greek flag is of a very slightly lighter shade. They both stand in sharp contrast to the light blue of Argentina , Botswana , Fiji , etc. The Greek flag, like the Finnish flag, used to be what we would think of as "light blue" but both have changed to darker shades. I have a Greek flag made in Greece of paper and it is of the lighter blue shade. I purchased it over a dozen years ago, so I don't know what shade of blue the locals would recognize as proper, but according to regulations it is no longer "light blue." Nick Artimovich, 26 February 1996 The blue colour in Israel's flag is definitely dark. Some time ago I got a folder on national symbols from the Embassy of Israel in Washington. In the flag drawing the blue is dark, the text defines it as Yale Blue. Jan Oskar Engene, 27 January 1996 The flag of Israel was a dark blue (navy) until the late 50's or early 60's at which time it was changed to a lighter blue. This is from memory. Ronnie Kay, 27 February 1996 The odd thing is that at the time I called the Israeli mission to the U.N. to verify the color before producing the flag, and the impression I got was that they didn't care which color was used. R. Nathan Bliss, 27 February 1996 Actually, the color is officially declared to be "blue". However, it can be any kind of blue - light


Viriginia State Capitol – A website dedicated to the restoration and preservation of Virginia's State Capitol The Capitol Square Fair-023_1 We also thank all students, teachers, and visitors who came to enjoy the Virginia Capitol Square Fair. Please contact the Capitol Square Preservation Council Education Coordinator, Maggie Jackson, with any questions by phone at (804) 225-8051 or by email. Capitol Visitor Guide The Virginia State Capitol houses the oldest legislative body in the Western Hemisphere. The Capitol was conceived of by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau in France, completed in 1788 and is 226 years old as of 2016, the current Capitol is the eighth built to serve as Virginia's state house. Capitol Square Many monuments are situated throughout the 12-acre grounds. Among those honored with memorial trees on the grounds are presidents Washington and Tyler, governors Colgate Darden, Charles Robb and Gerald Baliles, and Nobel peace laureate Martin Luther King, Jr. The newest memorial in Capitol Square honors Virginians who were active in the Civil Rights movement. Directions & Parking Information Located in Richmond Virginia, the Capitol is accessible via I-95 and I-64. Parking is available in pay lots and parking decks nearby, with limited street parking adjacent to the Capitol. Private vehicles with handicap tags are able to park and unload passengers on Bank Street near the new public entrance. Accessibility Visitor Hours The Capitol building is open to visitors from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday, and from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Sundays. Self-Guided tours are available during operating hours each day our Capitol Visitors Brochure will help you get started. Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Years Day. Guided tours are available from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday, and from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. on Sundays, with the last tour commencing at 4:00 pm. Directions I-95 North If traveling north on I-95 take exit 74C (Broad Street). At the fork in the exit ramp bear right (follow “Broad St. East” sign) and enter onto 17th Street heading South. At light turn right onto Broad Street and drive uphill (west) to the light at 14th Street. Turn left at 14th Street and go downhill (south) to the light at Franklin/Bank Street. Turn right onto Bank Street and go straight ahead through one light and a short distance further to the Capitol entrance plaza, on the right side of Bank Street opposite 10th Street. I-95 South If traveling south on I-95 take exit 74B (Franklin Street). Be careful to slow down when taking this exit because it is a short downhill ramp ending at a traffic light. At the light turn right onto Franklin Street and proceed straight ahead through two lights. Franklin Street becomes Bank Street. The Capitol entrance plaza is on Bank Street (on the right side) opposite 10th Street. I-64 West If traveling west on I-64 get into the left lane while crossing a bridge into downtown Richmond and take the left ramp, exit 190, onto I-95 south. After a short distance take exit 74B (Franklin Street). Be careful to slow down when taking this exit because it is a short downhill ramp ending at a traffic light. At the light turn right onto Franklin Street and proceed straight ahead through two lights. Franklin Street becomes Bank Street. The Capitol entrance plaza is on Bank Street (on the right side) opposite 10th Street. I-64 East If traveling east on I-64 into downtown Richmond proceed straight ahead on 95 south (AVOID the right exit for I-64 East to Williamsburg) and take exit 74B (Franklin Street). Be careful to slow down when taking this exit because it is a short downhill ramp ending at a traffic light. At the light turn right onto Franklin Street and proceed straight ahead through two lights. Franklin Street becomes Bank Street. The Capitol entrance plaza is on Bank Street (on the right side) opposite 10th Street. Read More Capitol Tours Indoor guided tours last about one hour and include two newly restored rooms that were not previously on tour. In addition to the


What is the motor-car international identification for Iceland?

Keflavik International Airport - Iceland's Main International Airport- Kefairport.com You will recieve an email alert when: Passengers are called to gate When the flight is delayed When the flight has departed When the flight has landed Name


Who wrote the 1973 Booker Prize winning novel 'The Siege of Krishnapur'?

The Siege of Krishnapur book review - 1973 Booker Prize   Not so good: This was a book I was interested to discover what the British did in India. I was left feeling that the book was an overlong and overdetailed exposition of a situation that the inhabitants, mostly unremarkable, had brought on themselves. The people in question seemed to me on the whole to be second rate, enjoying a standard of living made possible for them by the almost slave labour of the local inhabitants. Amazon review VM Pountney 11th July 2009   About the author J G Farrell was born in Liverpool in January 1935. In 1956 he went to study at Brasenose College, Oxford; it was while there he contracted polio. He drew heavily on his experience for his second novel, The Lung (1965). His novel, Troubles (1970), the first in the Empire trilogy, won the Faber Memorial Prize in 1971. A film version of Troubles was made for British television in 1988. J G Farrell died in 1979.   1969 - Something To Answer For 2016 Pulitzer Prize Winner It's a massive day in arts and journalism because the 100th annual Pulitzer Prize winners were just announced, and there's a big surprise. 2015's best artistic and nonfiction writing across 21 categories were recognized during a ceremony Monday afternoon at Columbia University in New York City. The first Pulitzer Prize was awarded to Hebert Bayward Swope, a reporter for The New York World, in 1916. (And if you're as big a fan of Newsies as I am, that paper should ring a bell, but try to think of it more positively.) The major prize for book nerds, the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction went to The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen (Grove Press), a legitimate surprise, if you've been paying attention to the book nerd and industry buzz. The feeling around the prize in the last few months would have you putting all your hard-earned cash down on A Little Life by Hanya Yanagihara to take home the award, but that's why you should never gamble. Viet Thanh Nguyen is no less deserving, and moreover, it's his debut novel, which makes it such a wonderful win. Extract from New York Times to view full article...


Who created the character 'Walter Mitty'?

Walter Mitty in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty NEXT  Character Analysis In real life, Walter Mitty isn't anything special. He gets bossed around by his wife a lot. He can't do simple mechanical things. He's forgetful. He's not a great driver, and people always seem to be either yelling or laughing at him for one blunder or another. To compensate for his failings in the real world, Mitty creates an entire "secret life" for himself: a series of fantasies in which he is a powerful, decisive man admired by those around him – everything he is not in reality. Author James Thurber does a beautiful job of closely interweaving Mitty's fantasies with his real life. It's not simply a matter of jumping back and forth from reality to imagination; each fantasy is spurred by some specific sound or word or event in the real world. The "pocketa-pocketa" sound that Mitty hears in several fantasies is likely the sound of his running car driving along the road. When Mitty passes a hospital, this sparks his surgeon fantasy. When a newsboy shouts about the Waterbury Trial, Walter imagines himself in a courtroom. He is wearing a sling in this fantasy, just as he thinks of wearing a sling the next time he goes to a garage. The shout "You miserable cur!" is what reminds Mitty of the puppy biscuits he forgot (10). The Liberty magazine with pictures of air bombers sends him into a fantasy military dugout. These physical or tangible connections between fantasy and dream remind us to look for deeper, emotional connections between them. In Mitty's first fantasy, for example, he is piloting a "naval hydroplane" through a storm while those around him look on in awe and admiration. This is interrupted by Mrs. Mitty's plea for him to slow down. Here Mitty fantasizes about the control that he's missing in his marriage. Mitty is inept at mechanical tasks, so he dreams of being a surgeon – a dexterous genius. As he sits passively waiting for his wife in the hotel lobby, he dreams he is a man of action taking matters into his own hands. Now, there are two different ways you can look at Walter Mitty and these fantasies, and it depends on how you choose to interpret the entire story. The first, and probably more straightforward approach, is to see Mitty as a loveable guy who quite harmlessly uses fantasy to get through what seems to be a pretty boring day of errands with his wife. You could argue that Thurber, through his use of free indirect style (see "Narrator Point of View"), wants his readers to take Mitty's side. You could argue that this story is a testament to the human ability to enjoy and make good of even the dullest, most banal of events. The other way of seeing Walter Mitty (and, consequently, the story of "Walter Mitty" as a whole) involves identifying some darker themes in Thurber's work. This interpretation is probably sparked by the fact that Mitty's final fantasy is of a firing squad, which is a bit ominous. Is Mitty just endlessly persecuted by his more logically-minded foes in the real world? Are his fantasies defeated by reality? Or does he remain, as Thurber writes, Walter Mitty the Undefeated?


Kevin Whately plays the title role in the television series 'Lewis', who plays his Sergeant?

Kevin Whately: I don't like detective dramas - Telegraph TV and Radio Kevin Whately: I don't like detective dramas Kevin Whately, who plays the title role in the hit ITV detective series Lewis,  has admitted that he does not like crime dramas. Kevin Whately as DI Robert Lewis Photo: ITV Follow For most television viewers, Kevin Whately is synonymous with crime dramas, having played the dependable Oxford detective Lewis on our screens for more than 25 years. But the popular actor has admitted that he has never liked police shows and revealed that he would not even watch his own programme if he were not in it. The current series of Lewis on ITV1 will be the last after Whately voiced concerns that he was getting too old to play a police officer and expressed a yearning to swap the “factory” of television productions for the challenges of live theatre. Whately, 61, first appeared as Detective Sergeant Robbie Lewis in 1987 as the sidekick to John Thaw in Inspector Morse. That series ended after Thaw’s death in 2002, but ITV revived the characters in 2006 to create Lewis, which is now on its seventh series. Related Articles Kevin Whately and Laurence Fox on the new series of Lewis 23 Apr 2010 Yet despite devoting so much of his acting career to performing in crime mysteries, Newcastle-born Whately confesses he is not a fan of the genre. "I never have liked detective dramas. I try to watch all of them to see what's going on, but I don't like them. I'd almost certainly not watch Lewis if I wasn't in it,” he told the Sunday Mirror. "I have no idea why it's still so popular. I think we are very lucky in a lot of ways. The city of Oxford is very attractive and the chemistry seems to work between the cast. It's one of those intangible things but I'm absolutely gobsmacked. It's ludicrous." He and fellow actor Laurence Fox, 34, who plays Lewis’s cerebral deputy Detective Sergeant James Hathaway, decided together that they wanted a break from the series. Whately said: "As an actor you do try and keep it fresh, but there are only so many variations and it can start to feel like a factory." The characters will not be killed off at the end of the present series of Lewis, and Whately has not ruled out appearing in one-off episodes in the future. He said: "I'd be quite happy to come back in two years, although I wouldn't if Laurence didn't." Whately was a folk singer before he made his name as an actor in the 1980s BBC comedy drama Auf Wiedersehen, Pet. He has also appeared in Coronation Street and Peak Practice, and has two grown-up children with his wife Madelaine Newton, the actress. Speaking last year, he said he was getting tired of all the compromises involved in making television programmes and wanted to do more stage acting. “I thrive on the insecurity and enjoy one-night stands, where every hall is a different place to play, a different size of venue, and you’re flexing acting muscles, which you don’t do in this kind of situation,” he said. “The more telly you do, the more it feels like a factory. Everybody is trying to do their best work, but it’s always a compromise.”


In which year was HRH Prince Charles invested as Prince of Wales?

Biography Biography The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Prince Harry Residences Biography The Prince of Wales, eldest son of The Queen and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was born at Buckingham Palace at 9.14pm on 14th November 1948. A proclamation was posted on the Palace railings just before midnight, announcing that Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth had been safely delivered of a son. It was announced later that the baby Prince weighed 7lb 6oz. On 15th December, Charles Philip Arthur George was christened in the Music Room at Buckingham Palace, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Geoffrey Fisher. The Prince's mother was proclaimed Queen Elizabeth II at the age of 25, when her father, King George VI, died aged 56 on 6th February 1952. On The Queen's accession to the throne, Prince Charles - as the Sovereign's eldest son - became heir apparent at the age of three. The Prince, as Heir to The Throne, took on the traditional titles of The Duke of Cornwall under a charter of King Edward III in 1337; and, in the Scottish peerage, of Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. The Prince was four at his mother's Coronation, in Westminster Abbey on 2nd June 1953. Many who watched the Coronation have vivid memories of him seated between his widowed grandmother, now to be known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and his aunt, Princess Margaret. The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh decided that The Prince should go to school rather than have a tutor at the Palace. The Prince started at Hill House school in West London on 7th November 1956. After 10 months, the young Prince became a boarder at Cheam School, a preparatory school in Berkshire. In 1958 while The Prince was at Cheam, The Queen created him The Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester. The Prince was nine-years-old. In April 1962 The Prince began his first term at Gordonstoun, a school near Elgin in Eastern Scotland which The Duke of Edinburgh had attended. The Prince of Wales spent two terms in 1966 as an exchange student at Timbertop, a remote outpost of the Geelong Church of England Grammar School in Melbourne, Australia. When he returned to Gordonstoun for his final year, The Prince of Wales was appointed school guardian (head boy). The Prince, who had already passed six O Levels, also took A Levels and was awarded a grade B in history and a C in French, together with a distinction in an optional special history paper in July 1967. The Prince went to Cambridge University in 1967 to read archaeology and anthropology at Trinity College. He changed to history for the second part of his degree, and in 1970 was awarded a 2:2 degree. He was invested as Prince of Wales by The Queen on 1st July 1969 in a colourful ceremony at Caernarfon Castle. Before the investiture The Prince had spent a term at the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth, learning to speak Welsh. On 11th February 1970, His Royal Highness took his seat in the House of Lords. On 8th March 1971 The Prince flew himself to Royal Air Force (RAF) Cranwell in Lincolnshire, to train as a jet pilot. At his own request, The Prince had received flying instruction from the RAF during his second year at Cambridge. In September 1971 after the passing out parade at Cranwell, The Prince embarked on a naval career, following in the footsteps of his father, grandfather and both his great-grandfathers. The six-week course at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, was followed by service on the guided missile destroyer HMS Norfolk and two frigates. The Prince qualified as a helicopter pilot in 1974 before joining 845 Naval Air Squadron, which operated from the Commando carrier HMS Hermes. On 9th February 1976, The Prince took command of the coastal minehunter HMS Bronington for his last nine months in the Navy. On 29th July 1981, The Prince of Wales married Lady Diana Spencer in St Paul's Cathedral who became HRH The Princess of Wales . The Princess was born on 1st July 1961, at Park House on The Queen's estate


Which Irish born writer wrote 'A Woman Of No Importance'?

Oscar Wilde - Biography - IMDb Oscar Wilde Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trivia  (9) | Personal Quotes  (51) Overview (4) 30 November 1900 ,  Paris, France  (acute meningitis, following an ear infection) Birth Name Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde Height 6' 3" (1.91 m) Mini Bio (1) A gifted poet, playwright and wit, Oscar Wilde was a phenomenon in 19th-century England. He was illustrious for preaching the importance of style in life and art, and of attacking Victorian narrow-mindedness. Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1854. He studied at Trinity College in Dublin before leaving the country to study at Oxford University in England when he was in his early 20s. His prodigious literary talent was recognized when he received the Newdegate Prize for his outstanding poem "Ravenna". After leaving college his first volume of poetry, "Patience", was published in 1881, followed by a play, "The Duchess of Padua", two years later. It was around this time that Wilde sparked a sensation. On his arrival to America he stirred the nation with his flamboyant personality: wearing long silk stockings--an unusual mode of dress--long, flowing hair that gave the impression to many of an effeminate and a general air of wittiness, sophistication and eccentricity. He was an instant celebrity, but his works did not find recognition until the publication of "The Happy Prince and Other Tales" in 1888. His other noted work was his only novel, was "The Picture of Dorian Gray" (1890), which caused controversy as the book evidently attacked the hypocrisy of England. It was later used as incriminating evidence at Wilde's trial, on the basis of its obvious homosexual content. Wilde was a married man with children, but his private life was as a homosexual. He had an affair with a young snobbish aristocrat named Lord Alfred Douglas. Douglas' father, the Marquess of Queensberry, did not approve of his son's relationship with the distinguished writer, and when he accused Wilde of sodomy, Wilde sued the Marquess in court. However, his case was dismissed when his homosexuality--which at the time was outlawed in England--was exposed. He was sentenced to two years hard labor in prison. On his release he was a penniless, dejected man and soon died in Paris. He was 46. Wilde is immortalized through his works, and the stories he wrote for children, such as "The Happy Prince" and "The Selfish Giant", are still vibrant in the imagination of the public, especially "The Picture of Dorian Gray", the story of a young handsome man who sells his soul to a picture to have eternal youth and beauty, only to face the hideousness of his own portrait as it ages, which entails his evil nature and degradation. The book has been interpreted on stage, films and television. In 1997 Stephen Fry played the lead in Wilde (1997) and Jude Law as Lord Alfred Douglas. ( 29 May  1884      - 7 April  1898) (her death) (2 children) Trivia (9) Oscar was the great-nephew of author Charles Maturin, an Irish clergyman and author whose gothic novel "Melmoth the Wanderer" inspired Oscar's pseudonym 'Sebastian Melmoth', which he lived under for three years from his release from prison to his death. Sons: Cyril, born in June 1885, who died in World War I, and Vyvyan, born in November 1886. Vyvyan became a writer using the surname Holland, and his own grandson, Merlin Holland , has written two books about his grandfather, "Wilde Album" and "After Oscar: The Color of his Legacy." Merlin's son Lucien is a classics major at Oxford, just like Oscar Wilde. Appears on the sleeve of The Beatles ' "Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" album. Separated from his wife not long after their second child was born. Was a homosexual. Tried and convicted, alongside Alfred Taylor, a procurer of young men, in 1895 for indecent acts, as homosexuality was then outlawed in the UK. All of his possessions and property were confiscated following the ruling, which resulted in prison for the playwright. Moved to Paris after he finished his sentence and lived as a pauper, writing his autob


Who was the first 'Inquisitor-General' of Spain?

The Spanish Inquisition | escribir The Spanish Inquisition It was 1478, and the Catholic sovereigns Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand were determined to have a united country. They did not believe this noble ambition could be achieved unless all their subjects accepted one religion, which they were determined to bring about through persuasion, if possible, and if not, by force. Spain was on the verge of becoming one of the wealthiest nations of the period. Arguably, a  large part of this was due to the Jewish community. Despite their significant contributions to Spain’s wealth at that time, the Jewish community dealt with considerable pressure to profess belief in Christianity in order to free themselves from widespread persecution. Many did confess their conversion, with those who did so being referred to as conversos. Reports surfaced of heresy among the conversos, thus fueling unease among the Spanish Church hierarchy. They wrung their hands in worry over the sincerity of the swelling ranks of converts. Meanwhile, a contingent  pf Jews and conversos set about celebrating the Jewish Passover, albeit secretly. Unfortunately, a cavalier suitor of a Jewish girl had come calling, happening upon the decidedly Jewish “mysterious celebration”. Word of this secret event spread quickly. The timing couldn’t have been worse in that particular religious climate;  the Catholic Church was actively celebrating Holy Week. Reacting badly to the news, Pope Sixtus authorized the Spanish Crown to instigate an Inquisition to investigate this blaspheme. The Crown, rather than the Catholic Church,  would appoint the bishops assigned to complete the Inquisition. Their assignment was to to ‘purify the nation of heretics’. One of the first (and more notorious) Inquisitors was Tomás de Torquemada, Inquisitor General of Castile and Aragón. Torquemada was charged with the centralization of the Spanish Inquisition, and soon proved himself to be pragmatic,  committed and feared in his work as Inquisitor General. The Spanish Inquisition was particularly terrifying because of its inherent characteristics. Soon no Spaniard could feel safe; even St. Ignatius of Loyola and St. Theresa of Ávila were investigated for heresy. The censorship policy went so far as to condemn books approved by the Holy See. The situation went from bad to worse. The Spanish Inquisition was much harsher, more highly organized, and far freer with the death penalty than the medieval Inquisition; its autos-da-fé became notorious. The accused never knew who their accusers were, and once arrested, accused heretic’s properties were seized. Properties  appropriated were initially administered by the Crown, and later managed by the General Inquisitor. This particular scenario opened the door to accusations stemming from personal reasons or to gain wealth, property. It was soon clear the Inquisition was not limited to ‘purifying’ only those of the Jewish faith. Even if the accused was the model of a devout Christian, he/ she was tried severely on account of his familial roots, or ancestry. Those accused were forfeit a lawyer or counsel for their defense. Punishments and torture are forever linked to the Spanish Inquisition. The trials , deemed to be for spiritual matters, were administered by the Church. Be that as it may,  punishment tended to be a very physical affair, so punishment and torture to acquire confessions of the accused were were handled by the (more secular) state. Neither the young nor the old were safe from the Inquisition with torture beset upon both young and old to extract confessions and the names of accomplices.  The young and the old were thought to provide a more ‘pure’ confession. Showing characteristic benevolence reflective of the times, the church would recommend mercy on condition that if proven guilty, the accused  may be punished by death. If the guilty evaded death by auto-de-fe, and instead were sentenced to merely perish in the prisons, neither they nor their families were past the worst of it. Their dead bodies, along with effigies of those that ha


The 'Dulcimer' is a forerunner of which musical instrument?

Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Hammer Dulcimer: History and Playing Hammer    Dulcimer: History and Playing History "...everyman that shall hear      the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer,      and all kinds of musick, shall fall down and worship...." Daniel III:10 It is no wonder that King Nebuchadnezzar's     decree was opposed, for the sound of the dulcimer makes one feel much     more like dancing than "worshipping." In fact, the modest revival     of dulcimer playing in America seems due in large measure to the delightful     manner in which dance tunes can be played on it. The hammer dulcimer is     capable of a range of tones from a sort of music-box sound to powerful     and percussive piano-like effects which can stand out in any band. Although the plucked dulcimer (also     called Appalachian or mountain dulcimer) shares the same name, the two     instruments differ considerably in form, sound, evolution, and manner     of playing. Both have strings stretched across a neckless soundbox, which     identifies them in certain classification schemes as belonging to the     zither form. The plucked dulcimer relies on the shortening (fretting or     stopping) of strings to produce many pitches with one or few strings.     Guitars, banjos, and fiddles work in this way. The alternative is to have     one string or course of strings tuned to each desired pitch, as in the     harps, piano, psaltery, and hammer dulcimer. The name dulcimer comes from the Latin     and Greek works dulce and melos, which combine to mean "sweet tune." The meaning and the biblical connections no doubt     made the word attractive to those who named the Appalachian dulcimer.     All evidence seems to indicate that the Appalachian dulcimer dates back     no more than 200 years and that Bibles refer to the hammered type. The true hammer dulcimer is a close     relative to the psaltery, the chief difference being that the psaltery     is usually plucked and the dulcimer is usually struck. Early varieties     were rather simple, having relatively few strings which passed over bridges     only at the sides. The versatility of the dulcimer was     greatly increased by clever placement of additional bridges. Treble courses     pass over the side bridges and also over a treble bridge usually placed     between the side bridges so that the vibrating lengths of the strings     are divided in the ratio 2:3. This results in two notes from each string     in the ratio of a perfect fifth interval. Other ratios have occasionally     been used. Many dulcimers have another bridge added near the right side     to carry bass courses. The bass courses pass high over the bass bridge     and low through holes or interruptions in the treble bridge. Likewise,     the treble strings are raised at the treble bridge and pass low through     the bass bridge. Thus, the treble strings may be struck near the treble     bridge without danger of hitting bass strings, and bass courses can be     played near the bass bridge without running afoul of treble strings. This     arrangement triples the number of notes possible without any increase     of size or consequent increase in distance from the player. Dulcimers     of this sort began appearing in Europe during the 16th century and remained     rather popular to the 18th. The ancient origins of the dulcimer     are undoubtedly in the Near East, where instruments of this type have     been made and played for perhaps 5000 years. Santir and psanterim were     names early applied to such instruments and are probably derived from     the Greek psalterion. Today the dulcimer is known as the santouri in Greece     and as the santur in India. From the Near East the instrument     traveled both east and west. Arabs took it to Spain where a dulcimer-like     instrumen


Singultus is the medical name for which minor complaint?

Hiccup | Definition of Hiccup by Merriam-Webster See words that rhyme with hiccup Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for hiccup Spanish Central: Translation of hiccup Nglish: Translation of hiccup for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of hiccup for Arabic speakers Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about hiccup Seen and Heard What made you want to look up hiccup? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


According to the Bible, who donated his own tomb for the burial of Jesus after the crucifixion?

45. The Burial and Resurrection of Jesus Christ (John 19:38-20:9) | Bible.org 45. The Burial and Resurrection of Jesus Christ (John 19:38-20:9) Introduction When I was more deeply involved in prison ministry a few years ago, I had the opportunity to meet a number of prison chaplains. Among these was the chaplain for the death row unit in Huntsville, Texas. He told of some condemned men he had dealt with who had truly come to faith, and of others who were hardened to the gospel. As a death row chaplain, one of his responsibilities was to meet with each condemned man just before his execution. Whether or not they wished to speak with him about spiritual things, there were some other matters which had to be discussed. In particular, they had to discuss their burial arrangements. Unless other arrangements were made in advance by family or loved ones, the body of the executed criminal would be buried in what was, in effect, “boot hill”—a gravesite designated for executed criminals near the prison. As we come to John’s account of the burial of our Lord, I am reminded of the fact that in all likelihood, our Lord would have been buried in the “boot hill” of His day: Under Roman law, the bodies of executed criminals were normally handed over to their next of kin, but not so in the case of those crucified for sedition. They were left to the vultures, the culminating indignity and shame. The Jews never refused to bury any executed criminal, but instead of allowing the bodies of such sinners to be placed in family tombs, where they might desecrate those already buried, they provided a burial site for criminals just outside the city (cf. Jos., Ant. v. 44). 188 Most of the disciples were keeping their distance from Jesus at this point in time. 189 It does not even appear to be possible for any of Jesus’ disciples or family to secure His body and give it a proper burial. And to make the situation even more difficult, time to give Jesus a proper burial had virtually run out. By the time Jesus and the two men beside Him had died, it was getting late. The bodies must be quickly buried, before dark, when the Sabbath began (see Luke 23:54). Every indication was that the body of our Lord would be hastily buried in “boot hill.” Looking back on this great moment in history, we know something else, something which the disciples did not realize at the time: the Old Testament had prophesied that the Messiah would be buried in a rich man’s tomb: “He was assigned a grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death, though he had done no violence, nor was any deceit in his mouth” (Isaiah 53:9, NIV). Somehow, the Messiah would be put to death as a criminal (Isaiah 53:3-4), with criminals (53:9), and yet He was also to be buried with the rich (53:9). How could all these things possibly take place at the same time? In spite of the difficulties, Jesus was crucified as a criminal, with criminals. And in our text, we shall see that after His death He was given a rich man’s burial. We might even say that Jesus was given a burial “fit for a king.” How did all of this come about? What caused this amazing turn of events? Our text, complimented by the parallel accounts of the Synoptic Gospels, gives us the answer. Before we concentrate on John’s account of the burial and resurrection of our Lord, allow me to call your attention to the contribution of the Synoptic Gospels. Matthew’s Gospel has some especially important information, which enhances our study in John. Matthew informs us of the request the Jewish religious leaders made of Pilate after the death and burial of Jesus. They remembered that Jesus claimed He would rise from the dead after three days: 39 But he answered them, “An evil and adulterous generation asks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah. 40 For just as Jonah was in the belly of the huge fish for three days and three nights, so the Son of Man will be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights” (Matthew 12:39-40; see also Mark 8:31; 9:31; 10:34; John 2:19). Even though the disci


In which Austrian city was the composer Mozart born?

Wolfgang Mozart - Pianist, Composer - Biography.com Wolfgang Mozart A prolific artist, Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart created a string of operas, concertos, symphonies and sonatas that profoundly shaped classical music. IN THESE GROUPS “Love, love, love—that is the soul of genius.” Wolfgang Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Mini Biography (TV-14; 3:05) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart learned the piano at the age of three, and soon developed his skills in all musical forms. Widely recognized as one of the greatest composers of all time, he produced over 600 works. Synopsis Born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a musician capable of playing multiple instruments who started playing in public at the age of 6. Over the years, Mozart aligned himself with a variety of European venues and patrons, composing hundreds of works that included sonatas, symphonies, masses, chamber music, concertos and operas, marked by vivid emotion and sophisticated textures. Early Life Central Europe in the mid-18th century was going through a period of transition. The remnants of the Holy Roman Empire had divided into small semi-self-governing principalities. The result was competing rivalries between these municipalities for identity and recognition. Political leadership of small city-states like Salzburg, Vienna, and Prague was in the hands of the aristocracy and their wealth would commission artists and musicians to amuse, inspire, and entertain. The music of the Renaissance and Baroque periods was transitioning toward more full-bodied compositions with complex instrumentation. The small city-state of Salzburg would be the birthplace of one of the most talented and prodigious musical composers of all time. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s was the sole-surviving son of Leopold and Maria Pertl Mozart. Leopold was a successful composer, violinist, and assistant concert master at the Salzburg court. Wolfgang’s mother, Anna Maria Pertl, was born to a middle class family of local community leaders. His only sister was Maria Anna (nicknamed “Nannerl”). With their father’s encouragement and guidance, they both were introduced to music at an early age. Leopold started Nannerl on keyboard when she was seven, as three-year old Wolfgang looked on. Mimicking her playing, Wolfgang quickly began to show a strong understanding of chords, tonality, and tempo. Soon, he too was being tutored by his father. Leopold was a devoted and task-oriented teacher to both his children. He made the lessons fun, but also insisted on a strong work ethic and perfection. Fortunately, both children excelled well in these areas. Recognizing their special talents, Leopold devoted much of his time to their education in music as well as other subjects. Wolfgang soon showed signs of excelling beyond his father’s teachings with an early composition at age five and demonstrating outstanding ability on harpsichord and the violin. He would soon go on to play the piano, organ and viola. In 1762, Wolfgang’s father took Nannerl, now age eleven, and Wolfgang, age six to the court of Bavaria in Munich in what was to become the first of several European "tours." The siblings traveled to the courts of Paris, London, The Hague, and Zurich performing as child prodigies. Wolfgang met a number of accomplished musicians and became familiar with their works. Particularity important was his meeting with Johann Christian Bach (Johann Sebastian Bach's youngest son) in London who had a strong influence on Wolfgang. The trips were long and often arduous, traveling in primitive conditions and waiting for invitations and reimbursements from the nobility. Frequently, Wolfgang and other members of his family fell seriously ill and had to limit their performance schedule. Budding Young Composer In December, 1769, Wolfgang, then age 13, and his father departed from Salzburg for Italy, leaving his mother and sister at home. It seems that by this time Nannerl’s professional music career was over. She was nearing marriageable age and according to the custom of the time, she was no longer pe


Who was the only Romanian chosen by Pele on the aforementioned 'FIFA 100' list?

Wonderful originally signed and frame photo of Romanian soccer legend Gheorghe Hagi + Certificate of Authencity - Catawiki The Maradona of the Carpathians Wonderful originally signed and frame photo of Romanian soccer legend Gheorghe Hagi + Certificate of Authencity Gheorghe Hagi (Săcele, 5 February 1965) is a former professional soccer player from Romania. During his career he aquired the nickname 'Maradona of the Carpathians' and in his own country, Hagi was chosen as the country's best soccer player six times. He also became notorious for the number of yellow cards he received, he always got these when he was criticizing the referees. His departure as international soccer player, considering his reputation with penalty cards, was characteristic: Hagi got a red card in the match of his Romania against Italy during the European quarter final match on Saturday 24th June 2000, which was lost by the Romanians. Hagi was also mentioned on the List of FIFA 100 best players set up by Pelé in March 2004. Many Romanians regard Hagi as the best Romanian soccer player ever. The Gheorghe Hagi Stadion in Constanța is named after him. Size of signed photos: 12 x 8 inch (approx. 20 x 30 cm). Photo comes with our certificate of authenticity (West Side Autographs). This certificate mentions our information that guarantees the authenticity of the certificate and of the signed photo. The certificate comes with the originally signed and framed photo. Member since: August 2, 2013 Please note: some elements on this page have been translated automatically. Would you like to see an automatic translation? Yes Helemaal goed...keurig verpakt en snelle levering....happy jandegroot1 January 19, 2017 Please note: some elements on this page have been translated automatically. Would you like to see an automatic translation? Yes top verkoper en snel in huis sjaak45elvis January 11, 2017 Please note: some elements on this page have been translated automatically. Would you like to see an automatic translation? Yes Perfekt ich bin sehr zufrieden danke!!!!! Grafjo January 9, 2017 Please note: some elements on this page have been translated automatically. Would you like to see an automatic translation? Yes Top Armin0- January 2, 2017 Please note: some elements on this page have been translated automatically. Would you like to see an automatic translation? Yes


In the Book of Genesis, to which land to the east of Eden was Cain banished after killing his brother Abel?

Where Did Cain Get His Wife?: What About Inbreeding? Where Did Cain Get His Wife?: What About Inbreeding? Introduction Cain's Wife? After Cain was sent into exile east of Eden for  killing Abel he found a wife and built a city. Even if Cain married one of his sisters,  doesn't this produce theological and biological problems? Rich Deem The Bible indicates that Adam and Eve's first son, Cain, slew his younger  brother Abel because of jealousy over the acceptance of his brother's offering  over his own. Immediately after being banished to the east in the land of Nod,  Cain found a wife and raised a family and founded a "city" called Enoch. If Cain was the firstborn of Adam and Abel the second, then how  could Cain have found a wife and built a city? Creation of humanity The Bible describes the creation of humanity in Genesis, the first  book. According to the chapter one account, God created male and female human  beings in His image. 1 Chapter two of Genesis  goes into more detail about the creation of mankind. According to the  narrative, God created Adam, the first man, 2 then, some time later, created  Eve. 3 Adam and Eve sinned and were banished from  Eden. 4 They produced two sons, Cain and Abel. 5 Both Cain and Abel presented sacrifices to God, but Cain's was rejected, 6 because he expended a half-hearted effort. 7 So,  Cain became angry and murdered his brother in a fit of jealousy. 8 Cain is exiled God confronted Cain about the murder of Abel and banished him to the  east of Eden. The problem arises in the next verse, where suddenly Cain  is married and builds a city: Then Cain went out from the presence of the LORD, and settled in the  land of Nod, east of Eden. (Genesis 4:16) Cain had relations with his wife and she conceived, and gave birth  to Enoch; and he built a city, and called the name of the city Enoch,  after the name of his son. (Genesis 4:17) Mesopotamia The assumption seems to be that Cain and Abel were the first two children  of Adam and Eve. Although Cain does seem to be the firstborn, the text is  not clear that Abel was the second born, but only that he was the second  son. 5 Later, the narrative indicates that Adam and Eve produced "other sons and  daughters." 9 So, it is possible that Adam  and Eve produced daughters between the births of Cain and Abel. It is also  likely that others sons and daughters were produced after the birth of Abel.  We don't know how old Cain and Abel were when Cain murdered his brother,  but they seem to be at least young adults, since they are both engage in a  trade for their living. 5 The second thing one  notices is Cain's seeming paranoia about being found and revenge being taken  against his for killing Abel. 10 The only way this makes sense is if the brothers and sisters of Abel were  upset that Cain had killed their brother. Although the period of time  between the birth of Cain and the death of Abel is not given in the Bible,  it would seem that this period was probably over 100 years, since the birth  of Adam's next son, Seth is said to have occurred when Adam was 130 years  old. 11 Adam and Eve could have produced many daughters during that period of  time. Cain builds a "city" So, the Genesis narrative suggests that Cain had other brothers and  sisters when he was exiled by God. One of those sisters married Cain (or  more likely had already been married to Cain when he killed his  brother), became pregnant and gave birth to Enoch somewhere east of  Eden. The next problem that arises is the claim that Cain "built a  city." To us, in the 21st century, this evokes images of skyscrapers and  high density housing. However, the original Hebrew word, translated "city," merely had the meaning of a place that was guarded by a watch or  with a wall. 12 At its minimum, the Hebrew root referred to an encampment or post. So,  it is entirely possible that Cain could have built such a "city." Theological problems Skeptics have pointed out that the only viable solution to the  problem of Cain's wife (Ca


Epistaxis is the medical name for which minor complaint?

Nosebleed : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Nosebleed can be caused by: Irritation due to allergies, colds, sneezing or sinus problems Very cold or dry air Blowing the nose very hard, or picking the nose Injury to nose, including a broken nose , or an object stuck in the nose Deviated septum Chemical irritants Overuse of decongestant nasal sprays Repeated nosebleeds may be a symptom of another disease such as high blood pressure, a bleeding disorder, or a tumor of the nose or sinuses. Blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), or aspirin, may cause or worsen nosebleeds. Home Care To stop a nosebleed: Sit down and gently squeeze the soft portion of the nose between your thumb and finger (so that the nostrils are closed) for a full 10 minutes. Lean forward to avoid swallowing the blood and breathe through your mouth. Wait at least 10 minutes before checking if the bleeding has stopped. Be sure to allow enough time for the bleeding to stop. It may help to apply cold compresses or ice across the bridge of the nose. Do not pack the inside of the nose with gauze. Lying down with a nosebleed is not recommended. You should avoid sniffing or blowing your nose for several hours after a nosebleed. If bleeding persists, a nasal spray decongestant (Afrin, Neo-Synephrine) can sometimes be used to close off small vessels and control bleeding. Things you can do to prevent frequent nosebleeds include: Keep the home cool and use a vaporizer to add moisture to the inside air. Use nasal saline spray and water-soluble jelly (such as Ayr gel) to prevent nasal linings from drying out in the winter. When to Contact a Medical Professional Get emergency care if: Bleeding does not stop after 20 minutes. Nose bleeding occurs after a head injury. This may suggest a skull fracture, and x-rays should be taken. Your nose may be broken (for example, it looks crooked after a hit to the nose or other injury). Call your health care provider if: You or your child has frequent nosebleeds Nosebleeds are not associated with a cold or other minor irritation What to Expect at Your Office Visit The provider will perform a physical exam. In some cases, you may be watched for signs and symptoms of low blood pressure from losing blood, also called hypovolemic shock . You may have the following tests: Reducing a broken nose or removing a foreign body Reducing the amount of blood thinner medicine or stopping aspirin Treating problems that keeps your blood from clotting normally You may need to see an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist for further tests and treatment. Alternative Names Bleeding from the nose; Epistaxis Images Nosebleed References Pfaff JA, Moore GP. Otolaryngology. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2014:chap 72. Simmen D, Jones NS. Epistaxis. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund LJ, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 42. Read More


Which small wildcat, found in South and Central America and Mexico, is also known as the 'Dwarf Leopard' as its fur is said to resemble that of the larger cat?

1000+ images about wild kingdom - margay cat on Pinterest | Rainforest trees, Fur trade and Rainforests Forward The Margay, also known as the Long Tailed Spotted Cat, is similar in appearance to the Ocelot - its body however is smaller, growing up two 25-27 inches and in comparison with the Ocelot, the margay displays longer legs and tail. The margay hunts almost exclusively by night and its prey includes birds, small monkeys, tree frogs and insects which inhabit the forest canopy. See More


Fought in the Pyrenees Mountains on the border between Spain and France, at which battle of 778 AD did the Basques defeat the forces of Roland, commander of the rear guard of Charlemagne's army?

FOR TEACHERS Major Battles The contest of Muslim and Christian    Spain played out over nine centuries. While individuals and    communities sought ways to thrive and cooperate in    day-to-day life, larger forces were always at work. Conflict took the more mundane form of    battles fought for material gain and prestige. And, as often    as Muslim and Christian leaders fought against each other,    they fought against rivals who were their co-religionists. For much of Medieval Spain's history, leaders also    were more concerned with maintaining economic and military    power -- just as other rulers worldwide -- than on the    rhetoric of crusade and jihad. The following key battles involving Muslim and Christian    forces in Al-Andalus reveal the complexity of military    affairs. Each encounter represents a unique moment in the    history of Al-Andalus, leading ultimately to its demise. Revolt of    the Alpujarras Battle of    Guadalete (July 19, 711) This    battle took place close to the Guadalete River near the    southern coast of the Iberian peninsula, between Muslim and    Visigothic forces. An Arab and Amazigh (Berber) Muslim army of    7,000-10,000 soldiers crossed to Spain -- ï¿½the land of the    Vandalsï¿½ or Andalus as they called it -- from North Africa.    The Amazighs (Berbers) possibly received the help of the governor of    Ceuta, Count Julian. He confirmed that the peninsula offered    numerous riches. The forces landed near a large mountain. It    was later named Gibraltar (jabal Tariq, or Tariqï¿½s mountain)    in homage to the army commander, Tariq ibn Ziyad. According to one account, Tariq burned the ships used for    the crossing and stirred his troops with the words: ï¿½O    People! There is nowhere to run away! The sea is behind you,    and the enemy is before you. I swear to God, you have only    sincerity and patience.ï¿½ Roderic was a Visigothic nobleman recently chosen as king.    He had been fighting Basques in the north. Upon hearing of    the new threat in the south, he rushed to meet the Muslims.    His army is said to have been nearly 10 times larger than    the Muslim forces. However, exhaustion from the long march    and treachery on the part of other Visigothic rivals led to    Rodericï¿½s defeat. With the routing of the Visigothic army -- including many    prominent nobles -- the Muslim forces continued northward    unhindered. They established garrisons in major cities and    conquered many regions. Within a few years, virtually the    entire peninsula came under Muslim rule. The Visigothic kingdom came to an abrupt end. However, a local Asturian strong man named Pelayo fled to the extreme north beyond the reach of Muslim armies. (See below.) There, he founded the Kingdom of Asturias. In subsequent centuries, Asturias was regarded as the origin point for the Reconquista. Battle of    Covadonga (summer of 722) Seven years after the Muslim conquest of Iberia, a local Asturian strong man named Pelayo fled to the extreme north of the peninsula. There, he established the Kingdom of Asturias. The Umayyad rulers based in Cï¿½rdoba were unable to extend    their power into Frankish territory. So, they decided to    consolidate their power in Iberia. Meanwhile, Muslim forces    made periodic incursions into Asturias. In the late summer of 722, a Muslim army overran much of    Pelayo's territory, forcing him to retreat deep into the    mountains. Pelayo and 300 men retired into a narrow valley    at Covadonga. There, they could defend against a broad    frontal attack. Pelayoï¿½s forces routed the Muslim army,    inspiring local villagers to take up arms, as well. Despite    further attempts, the Muslims were unable to conquer    Pelayo's mountainous stronghold. Pelayo's victory at    Covadonga is hailed by some as the first stage of the    Reconquista. Battle of Tours/Poitiers (October 10, 732) This encounter took place near the border b


In the TV show 'South Park', what is the name of the boys' handicapped classmate whose vocabulary is mostly limited to the enthusiastic shouting of his own name?

Timmy - South Park Characters - ShareTV Cartman: All right, you guys, this is it! When the attack begins, all warriors click on Defensive Stance. Everyone else, wait for Craig to cast his Intellect Buff. Token: [black human rogue] Okay. Craig: [Gnome mage] Got it. Cartman: The battle is sure to be long, so make sure you have all your special abilities macroed to your keyboards. Jimmy Volmer: [Night Elf hunter with a beard] All right, Eric. You can c-c-count on us. Timmy: [human priest] Tim-maahh! Cartman: This shall be a day for all to remember! Let us bravely charge the fields of Azeroth! From with... Butters: [arrives in the same dwarf form as Cartman's] Hey fellas! Butters: Boy, this is neato, huh? Cartman: Butters? What the hell are you doing? Butters: I got World of Warcraft, like you said. Cartman: [angry] You can't be the dwarf character, Butters, I'm the dwarf. Butters: Well, there's like only four races to choose from... Cartman: [shouts] So pick another one! I'm the dwarf, you stupid asshole! Log out, create a new character, and log back in! Butters: [walks off grumbling] I like Hello Kitty Island Adventure a lot more than this stuff. Stan: [warrior] Come on, let's do this! Clyde: [second Night Elf hunter] Yeah, my mom says I have to be in bed at 9:30. Cartman: [turns around and leads] Then let's move out! Leopold 'Butters' Stotch: [removing a condom from its wrapper] Why, it's just a little donut! [fumbles with it] Oh, it's all gooey! Eric Cartman: Just put it on, Butters! Leopold 'Butters' Stotch: H-How come I gotta go first? Eric Cartman: Butters, will you stop... filibustering! Leopold 'Butters' Stotch: Oh, a-all right, then. [turns around, drops pants, and starts fumbling with the condom] Aw, it's sticky. Kyle Broflovski: [reading from the condom box] It says you gotta check it for holes or tears. Leopold 'Butters' Stotch: I don't even understand how this thing...! Oh, wait, oh, I see. Stan Marsh: Don't look at Butters' shlong, gaymo! Eric Cartman: I wasn't looking at his shlong, I was seeing how to put the condom on! Leopold 'Butters' Stotch: But it won't stay on. I-I need a rubber band or something. Tweek: I-I've got rubber bands! [hands them to Butters] Leopold 'Butters' Stotch: [fumbles with the rubber bands] Ow! Eh, ow! Okay, eh... ow! There! Okay, I think it's on! Stan Marsh: How do you feel? Leopold 'Butters' Stotch: [pause] Pretty good! Eric Cartman: Do you feel protected? Leopold 'Butters' Stotch: Yeah, I don't think nothing is getting to my wiener through this thing. It's even got a little reservoir at the end so you can pee in it. Stan Marsh: All right, here everybody, Tweek, give everyone a rubber band. Hey, somebody's gotta help Timmy put his condom on.


Which small wildcat, native to Central and South America, is sometimes known as the 'Tree Ocelot' because of its skill in climbing?

SMALL WILD CAT SPECIES SMALL WILD CAT SPECIES Most people are relatively familiar with the big cats of the world (lion, tiger, puma, leopard, snow leopard jaguar, cheetah, lynx), but there are a large number of small wild cats, closer in size to our domestic cats. CURRENT FELID CLASSIFICATION There are 2 main schools of taxonomy - lumpers and splitters. In simplest terms, lumpers like to lump species together into fewer genera based on shared traits. Splitters like to split genera into multiple sub-genera or species (and species into sub-species) based on small differences. Until recently, classification was based on analysis of physical features to determine which species belonged where; with the pitfall of convergent evolution muddling the results. Recent DNA studies are giving a more precise picture of relatedness of species. As a result there are often several alternative taxonomies at genus, species and sub-species level! The following table is therefore a compromise. GENUS African Golden Cat (Profelis/Catopuma aurata) The African Golden cat is about twice the size of a domestic cat. It inhabits the tropical rainforests of equatorial Africa and has also been found in dry tropical forests and savannah grasslands. The African Golden Cat is heavily built with stocky, long-legs, large paws and a long, black-tipped tail. Its rounded heads appears small in relation to its body size. There are two colour forms: the red form (golden to rusty brown) and the grey form plus melanistic (black) forms. They can also be spotted or non-spotted. Spotting, where present, ranges from faded tan to heavy black in colour; the pattern of spotting varies between the two subspecies of African Golden Cat.. They prey on small mammals, small antelope, birds and will also take small monkeys and domestic poultry and livestock.. Andean Mountain Cat (Oreailurus jacobita) About the size of a domestic cat, the Andean Mountain Cat inhabits the high South American Andes Mountain range in Chile, Argentina, Peru, and Bolivia. Very little is known about their habits. They are found in the cold, dry and windy treeless terrain at very high altitudes (10,000 ft [3000 m] above sea level). The Andean Mountain Cat is silvery grey with darker grey ticking on its back and pale underparts. It has fine, very long hair forming a thick, soft coat. Its thick tail is banded with dark brown and its body has spots that run in diagonal lines; these are black on the legs, brown on the body, and orange on the back. It is believed to hunt chinchillas and viscachas and possibly small birds and reptiles. Asian Golden Cat / Temminck's Golden Cat (Profelis/Catopuma temmincki) About twice the size of the domestic cat, Temminck's Golden Cat was once believed to be an ancestor (through hybridisation) of the Siamese cat. An agile climber, it inhabits tropical and sub-tropical forest and deciduous woodlands in southeast Asia. They are usually golden brown, greyish, or reddish brown with brown stripes on their cheeks and black markings on their foreheads; not all have spots. Melanistic (black) forms also occur; one was exhibited at Basle zoo in Switzerland. They are opportunistic feeders and eat muntjac, rats and snakes. Black Footed Cat (Felis nigripes) One of the smallest cats (5 lb / 2.3 kg) with males being one third larger than females. They are found in semi-desert and arid brushland in southern Africa. As their name suggests, they have black markings on their paws and the soles of their feet. Their fur is yellowish brown with black bars extending across their shoulders, legs, and on their short tail. They eat small rodents, small reptiles, birds, eggs, invertebrates (spiders, insects) and carrion, but these aggressive and tenacious cats will attempt much larger prey. Its habit of eating carrion makes them vulnerable to poison bait laid for jackals. Bobcat (Lynx rufus) An adaptable North American cat found in a variety of habitats and able to tolerate living near to humans. It is closely related to the Lynx, but only half the size and is considered more aggressive and har


In the TV show 'South Park', the boys' classmate 'Leopold Stotch', often the butt of many jokes and pranks, is better known by what one word nickname?

Butters Stotch | South Park Archives | Fandom powered by Wikia Background Life and History Butters has made appearances since " Cartman Gets an Anal Probe ", though initially as a background character. He gets his first speaking role in the Season Two episode, " Roger Ebert Should Lay off the Fatty Foods ", and he receives another speaking role in the following episode. He later receives a speaking role in South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut where he says "Ooh" while touching Cartman . Butters was initially referred to in scripts and storyboards as "Puff Puff" and "Swanson" - Stan refers to him by the latter name in the opening scene of the Season Two episode, " Conjoined Fetus Lady ". When Butters spoke in the early episodes, his voice was dramatically different from the stuttering Southern accent he has now. Butters was renamed and properly introduced in the Season Three episode " Two Guys Naked in a Hot Tub ", alongside Dougie . He was then seen sporadically in seasons three through five, going from social pariah in " Two Guys Naked in a Hot Tub " to mean-spirited bully in " Hooked on Monkey Fonics ". In the episode " Jared Has Aides " Butters was adopted by Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski , and Eric Cartman as their fourth friend when Kenny McCormick died "permanently" at the end of the fifth season . The writers had given Butters his own spotlight episode as the season five finale to prepare fans for Butters taking Kenny's place on the show. The episode, titled " Butters' Very Own Episode ", gave Butters a complicated back story where his father was outed as being a closet bisexual and his mother attempted to drown her son Butters in a fit of madness. They all made up at the end of the episode and nothing came of it. Butters found himself as the new fourth friend, being put down and treated like a total outcast by his new friends. Kyle, Stan, and Cartman all openly bullied Butters, telling him how he's not cool like Kenny. Cartman in particular took perverse pleasure in making Butters suffer, to the extent that, in " Jared Has Aides ", he pretended to be Butters on the phone and bad-mouthed his parents, just so he could watch them abusing him. Several instances show the boys having Butters dress up as Kenny or simply call him Kenny or Not-Kenny, possibly to cope with their loss. Butters would remain on as the fourth member of the gang for four more episodes; two of the episodes continued the plot of Butters being abused but downplayed it and in the case of " Freak Strike ", ending the episode just as Butters was about to be beaten (with Cartman being beaten up instead). Ultimately, in the sixth episode of season six, " Professor Chaos ", Butters is expelled from the group for being "too lame" and adopts his super-villain alter ego " Professor Chaos " as a means to get revenge against the group and society for rejecting him. Butters would run around for several episodes as Professor Chaos, only to have no one care much about his plots since many of them had, though Butters didn't realize it, already occurred on episodes of the animated series The Simpsons . Butters would eventually reveal his secret identity of Professor Chaos to Stan, although he mistook it for Butters coming out of the closet. Though not anymore a member of the main four's group, Butters was nevertheless kept as a prominent member of the boys' extended circle. Though he has returned, Kenny's role has declined to an extent due to lack of ideas for the character and Butters has taken on a more prominent role again. Despite their ill-treatment toward him, Butters stays loyal to his friends, perhaps in hopes that they'll accept him. In a way, this has worked as recently there seems to have been some shift in the balance of friendship. The most obvious case of this being in the episode " Tsst ", where Butters is calmly playing along with Stan, Kyle and Kenny, with Cartman being much more alienated than usual, as well as in " Casa Bonita ", where Kyle decides to take Butters with him on his birthday to Casa Bonita instead of Cartman, implying he likes Butters


Kasimir Malevich is the best known painter from which Russian artistic school that was founded in 1915 and which focused on fundamental geometric forms?

Kazimir Malevich Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works | The Art Story Web Services & Hosting by The Computer Studio | Designed by DesArtLab Suprematism Suprematism Suprematism, the invention of Russian artist Kazimir Malevich, was one of the earliest and most radical developments in abstract art. Inspired by a desire to experiment with the language of abstract form, and to isolate art's barest essentials, its artists produced austere abstractions that seemed almost mystical. It was an important influence on Constructivism. Cubism Cubism Cubism was developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque between 1907-1911, and it continued to be highly influential long after its decline. This classic phase has two stages: 'Analytic', in which forms seem to be 'analyzed' and fragmented; and 'Synthetic', in which pre-existing materials such as newspaper and wood veneer are collaged to the surface of the canvas. Futurism Futurism Futurism was the most influential Italian avant-garde movement of the twentieth century. Dedicated to the modern age, it celebrated speed, movement, machinery and violence. At first influenced by Neo-Impressionism, and later by Cubism, some of its members were also drawn to mass culture and nontraditional forms of art. Impressionism Impressionism A movement in painting that first surfaced in France in the 1860s, it sought new ways to describe effects of light and movement, often using rich colors. The Impressionists were drawn to modern life and often painted the city, but they also captured landscapes and scenes of middle-class leisure-taking in the suburbs. Post-Impressionism Post-Impressionism Post-Impressionism refers to a number of styles that emerged in reaction to Impressionism in the 1880s. The movement encompassed Symbolism and Neo-Impressionism before ceding to Fauvism around 1905. Its artists turned away from effects of light and atmosphere to explore new avenues such as color theory and personal feeling, often using colors and forms in intense and expressive ways. Symbolism Symbolism Symbolism is an artistic and literary movement that first emerged in France in the 1880s. In the visual arts it is often considered part of Post-Impressionism. It is characterized by an emphasis on the mystical, romantic and expressive, and often by the use of symbolic figures. Art Nouveau Art Nouveau Art Nouveau was a movement that swept through the decorative arts and architecture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Generating enthusiasts throughout Europe, it was aimed at modernizing design and escaping the eclectic historical styles that had previously been popular. It drew inspiration from both organic and geometric forms, evolving elegant designs that united flowing, natural forms with more angular contours. Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Kandinsky A member of the German Expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter, and later a teacher at the Bauhaus, Kandinsky is best known for his pioneering breakthrough into expressive abstraction in 1913. His work prefigures that of the American Abstract Expressionists. David Burliuk David Burliuk David Burliuk was a Russian Futurist poet and painter. He was responsible for intensifying the debate on the primary function of fine art, believing deeply in the power of art as a reforming social force. Mikhail Larionov Mikhail Larionov Mikhail Larionov was a Russian avant-garde painter and the founder of Rayonism, the first movement that celebrated Russian abstract painting. Larionov was also a major promoter of Post-Impressionist and Neo-Primitive art during the early twentieth century, and helped widen the international appeal of artists like Matisse, Van Gogh, and Gauguin. Primitive Art Primitive Art Nineteenth- and twentieth-century artists in the West were greatly influenced by art they deemed 'primitive' or 'naïve', made by tribal or non-Western cultures. Such art, ranging from African and Native American to naive depictions of the French peasantry, was thought to be less civilized and thus closer to raw aesthetic and spiritual experience. Cubo-Futurism Cubo-Futurism


In 1999, which became the newest of the territories of Canada when it was officially separated from the vast Northern Territories?

Canadian Visa Types and Applying to Live in The Northern Territories, Canada Living in The Northern Territories, Canada Nunavut - The capital city is Iqaluit. Nunavut is the newest of the Canadian provinces or territories as it officially separated from the Northwest Territories in April 1999 and became a federal territory in its own right. It consists of a major share of Northern Canada and most of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Nunavut has the smallest population of any of the provinces or territories and that population is largely Inuit. Northwest Territories - The capital city is Yellowknife. Yellowknife is the diamond capital of North America. The population of the province numbers approximately 40,000 and more than half the population of the province is Aboriginal. The natural beauty of the province is largely unspoilt and there are a number of rare wildlife species in the province such as white wolves and herds of caribou, bison and moose. Yukon Territory - The capital city of the province is Whitehorse. The population is primarily English and First Nations which reflects the influx of miners during the gold rush in the 1890â€™s. The province has the record for the coldest recorded temperature in Canada, which is a reflection of its arctic and sub arctic climate. Find out about the other regions in Canada


The 2001 film 'A Beautiful Mind', starring Russell Crowe, told the true story of which brilliant but disturbed mathematician?

A Beautiful Mind (2001) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error After John Nash , a brilliant but asocial mathematician, accepts secret work in cryptography, his life takes a turn for the nightmarish. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 30 titles created 16 Apr 2012 a list of 27 titles created 24 Sep 2013 a list of 36 titles created 24 Dec 2013 a list of 22 titles created 04 Mar 2014 a list of 21 titles created 08 May 2014 Title: A Beautiful Mind (2001) 8.2/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     4     Oscars. Another    33 wins & 65 nominations. See more awards  » Photos When a Roman general is betrayed and his family murdered by an emperor's corrupt son, he comes to Rome as a gladiator to seek revenge. Director: Ridley Scott Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. Director: Robert Zemeckis A determined woman works with a hardened boxing trainer to become a professional. Director: Clint Eastwood The true story of Frank Abagnale Jr. who, before his 19th birthday, successfully conned millions of dollars' worth of checks as a Pan Am pilot, doctor, and legal prosecutor. Director: Steven Spielberg A sexually frustrated suburban father has a mid-life crisis after becoming infatuated with his daughter's best friend. Director: Sam Mendes Will Hunting, a janitor at M.I.T., has a gift for mathematics, but needs help from a psychologist to find direction in his life. Director: Gus Van Sant In 1954, a U.S. marshal investigates the disappearance of a murderess who escaped from a hospital for the criminally insane. Director: Martin Scorsese When his secret bride is executed for assaulting an English soldier who tried to rape her, William Wallace begins a revolt against King Edward I of England. Director: Mel Gibson In the antebellum United States, Solomon Northup , a free black man from upstate New York, is abducted and sold into slavery. Director: Steve McQueen A boy who communicates with spirits that don't know they're dead seeks the help of a disheartened child psychologist. Director: M. Night Shyamalan The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift. Director: Frank Darabont An insurance salesman/adjuster discovers his entire life is actually a television show. Director: Peter Weir Edit Storyline From the heights of notoriety to the depths of depravity, John Forbes Nash, Jr. experienced it all. A mathematical genius, he made an astonishing discovery early in his career and stood on the brink of international acclaim. But the handsome and arrogant Nash soon found himself on a painful and harrowing journey of self-discovery. After many years of struggle, he eventually triumphed over his tragedy, and finally - late in life - received the Nobel Prize. Written by Universal Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures See All (188)  » Taglines: The Only Thing Greater Than the Power of the Mind is the Courage of the Heart See more  » Genres: Rated PG-13 for intense thematic material, sexual content and a scene of violence | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 4 January 2002 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Una mente brillante See more  » Filming Locations: $2,501,096        (USA) (21 December 2001) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia John Nash is the co-inventor (independently from the Danish mathematician Piet Hein) of the strategy game Hex. This was caused by his frustration after he was defeated at Go, and he wanted to create a "perfect" game. The scenes where he does that were shot but then deleted from the final cut, and can be found in the DVD extras or online. See more » Goofs The light switch on the wall in the Nash house


In June 2011, Ayman al-Zawahiri was appointed as the new leader of which organisation?

Ayman al-Zawahiri appointed as al-Qaeda leader - BBC News Ayman al-Zawahiri appointed as al-Qaeda leader 16 June 2011 Read more about sharing. Close share panel Image caption Zawahiri warned a week ago that Bin Laden would continue to "terrify" the US from beyond the grave The long-serving second-in-command of al-Qaeda, Ayman al-Zawahiri, has been appointed its head following the death of Osama Bin Laden, the militant organisation said in a statement. Bin Laden was killed by US forces in Pakistan in early May. Al-Qaeda warned it would continue to fight a holy war against the US and Israel under Zawahiri's direction. A US official dismissed Zawahiri's appointment, saying he had "nowhere near" Bin Laden's credentials. The statement announcing his appointment was posted on a militant website and attributed to al-Qaeda's General Command. "Sheikh Dr Ayman al-Zawahiri, may God guide him, assumed responsibility as the group's amir [leader]", it said. It vowed that under Zawahiri, it would pursue jihad or holy war against the US and Israel "until all invading armies leave the land of Islam". 'Jihadist renaissance' Analysts say Egyptian-born Zawahiri, 59, is intelligent but lacks the charisma of his predecessor. He is claimed by some experts to have been the "operational brains" behind the 9/11 attacks on the US. For years Bin Laden's deputy, with a $25m (£15m) bounty on his head, he had been widely anticipated to replace Bin Laden at the helm. Analysis By Frank GardnerBBC security correspondent Dr Ayman al-Zawahiri was always going to be the default choice to succeed Osama Bin Laden. A highly intelligent Egyptian extremist, he was the man who got Bin Laden to "think global" in the 1990s, broadening his message from just complaining about US troops on Saudi soil to a whole range of Muslim grievances from Kashmir to Palestine. But experts say al-Zawahiri lacks the personal charisma of his predecessor. There are also doubts as to whether, as an Egyptian, he will command full authority over al-Qaeda's operatives from Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states. Zawahiri, whose 60th birthday is believed to be this Sunday, warned just over a week ago that Bin Laden would continue to "terrify" the US from beyond the grave. In a video message posted on the internet on 8 June, Zawahiri said al-Qaeda would continue to fight. "The sheikh has departed, may God have mercy on him, to his God as a martyr and we must continue on his path of jihad to expel the invaders from the land of Muslims and to purify it from injustice," Zawahiri said. "Today, and thanks be to God, America is not facing an individual or a group, but a rebelling nation, which has awoken from its sleep in a jihadist renaissance." But Zawahiri's appointment was given a scornful response by an unnamed senior US official, who said he had not "demonstrated strong leadership or organisational skills" in the past. "His ascension to the top leadership spot will likely generate criticism if not alienation and dissention with al-Qaeda," the official said. He said Zawahiri would find it difficult to lead while focusing on his own survival. "The bottom line is that Zawahri has nowhere near the credentials that [Osama Bin Laden] had," said the Obama administration official. Divisions? The BBC's Middle East correspondent, Jon Leyne, says priorities for al-Qaeda's new leader may include attempting to to mount a big attack to show the organisation is still in business. In addition, he says, Zawahiri will want to turn the wave of unrest in the Middle East to al-Qaeda's advantage - perhaps building more of a power base in Yemen and working to intensify the instability there. Ayman al-Zawahiri Born in Cairo, Egypt, in 1951 Trained as an eye surgeon Helped found the Egyptian Islamic Jihad militant group Known as Osama Bin Laden's right-hand man and the chief ideologue of al-Qaeda "Operational brains" behind the 9/11 attacks $25m (£15m) bounty on his head Ayman al-Zawahiri in his own words In his message last week, Zawahiri applauded the Arab uprisings against "corrupt and tyrant leaders" and urged thos


Geoffrey Rush won an Academy Award for his portrayal of which Australian pianist in the 1996 film 'Shine'?

Geoffrey Rush | Australian actor | Britannica.com Australian actor Alternative Title: Geoffrey Roy Rush Geoffrey Rush Geoffrey Rush, in full Geoffrey Roy Rush (born July 6, 1951, Toowoomba , Queensland, Australia ), Australian film and theatre actor who deployed his craggy features and sly wit to memorable effect, particularly as villainous or unbalanced characters. Geoffrey Rush, 2010. Krista Kennell—Sipa Press/AP Rush was raised in a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In 1968 he joined a theatre troupe attached to the University of Queensland in Brisbane and enrolled at the university the next year. He was recruited by the Queensland Theatre Company (QTC) in 1971 and debuted in their production of Wrong Side of the Moon. He graduated with a bachelor’s degree in English in 1972, and, after a stint with QTC, enrolled in a directing course in London and a mime school in Paris. Upon returning to Australia in 1977, Rush resumed his relationship with QTC. Rush made his film debut as a detective in the crime thriller Hoodwink in 1981, but he remained primarily a theatre actor for the next decade. He appeared in productions of A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1982, 1983), Twelfth Night (1984), and King Lear (1988) for Lighthouse (now called the State Theatre Company of South Australia) in Adelaide. In 1988 he toured Victoria state as Jack Worthing in the Melbourne Theatre Company’s production of The Importance of Being Earnest; he reprised the role for a national tour and a further production (1990–91, 1992). Rush was also acclaimed for his performances in Diary of a Madman (1989), an adaptation of a Nikolay Gogol short story staged by the Belvoir Street Theatre, and Oleanna (1993), for the Sydney Theatre Company. Rush came to the attention of an international audience when he portrayed savant pianist David Helfgott in the film Shine (1996), a role for which he won an Academy Award for best actor. Rush then turned in nuanced interpretations of Inspector Javert in Les Misérables (1998) and spy master Sir Francis Walsingham in Elizabeth (1998); he reprised the latter role in the 2007 sequel. As theatre manager Philip Henslowe in Shakespeare in Love (1998) and as a supervillain in the spoof Mystery Men (1999), Rush demonstrated his comedic skills, which were on more subtle display in his impish rendering of the Marquis de Sade in Quills (2000). Rush garnered further attention for his over-the-top portrayal of the pirate captain Hector Barbossa in the blockbuster Pirates of the Caribbean series: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003), Dead Man’s Chest (2006), At World’s End (2007), and On Stranger Tides (2011). Rush also continued to appear onstage, and in 2009 he made his Broadway debut in Exit the King as the dying monarch Berenger I, for which he won the Tony Award for best actor. The following year he received additional acclaim for his performance as a speech therapist assisting King George VI of England in the film drama The King’s Speech ; Rush earned an Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor. He was also lauded for his comparatively muted performance in the World War II drama The Book Thief (2013), in which he played a German man who, with his wife, shelters an abandoned girl and a Jewish refugee. Johnny Depp (right) with Geoffrey Rush and Keira Knightley in Pirates of the … Market Wire/AP Images (From left to right) Helena Bonham Carter, Colin Firth, and Geoffrey Rush in The … © 2010 The Weinstein Company; all rights reserved Britannica Stories


In 2000, the International Hydrographic Organisation created Earth's fifth ocean from southern portions of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Which ocean?

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Winning the US Open in 2006, who was the last Australian to win a Golf 'major'?

Australian Major Winners - Golf Australia Australian Major Winners A 'major' is one of the four most prestigious professional golf events played annually. Men Eleven Australian male golfers have won a major, they are: 5 - Peter Thomson - 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1965 The Open Championship 2 - Greg Norman - 1986, 1993 The Open Championship 2 - David Graham - 1979 PGA Championship, 1981 US Open Championship 1 - Jim Ferrier - 1947 PGA Championship 1 - Kel Nagle - 1960 The Open Championship 1 - Wayne Grady - 1990 PGA Championship 1 - Ian Baker-Finch - 1991 The Open Championship 1 - Steve Elkington - 1995 PGA Championship 1 - Geoff Ogilvy - 2006 US Open 1 - Adam Scott - 2013 The Masters 1 - Jason Day - 2015 PGA Championship Women


Who was the founder of the People's Temple church, 914 of whose members committed suicide in the jungle of Guyana in 1978?

Jim Jones' People's Temple Sponsored link. Background of the Peoples Temple: This was a Christian destructive, doomsday cult founded and led by James Warren Jones (1931-1978). Jim Jones held degrees from Indiana University and Butler University. He was not a Fundamentalist pastor as many reports in the media and the anti-cult movement claim. He belonged to a mainline Christian denomination, having been ordained in the Christian Church/Disciples of Christ. (At the time of his ordination, the DoC allowed a local congregation to select and ordain a minister on their own. However, ordinations conducted without denominational endorsement were not considered valid within the rest of the church.)   The Peoples Temple was initially structured as an inter-racial mission for the sick, homeless and jobless. He assembled a large following of over 900 members in Indianapolis IN during the 1950's. "He preached a 'social gospel' of human freedom, equality, and love, which required helping the least and the lowliest of society's members. Later on, however, this gospel became explicitly socialistic, or communistic in Jones' own view, and the hypocrisy of white Christianity was ridiculed while 'apostolic socialism' was preached." 1 It was an interracial congregation -- almost unheard of in Indiana at the time. When a government investigation began into his cures for cancer, heart disease and arthritis, he decided to move the group to Ukiah in Northern California. He preached the imminent end of the world in a nuclear war; Esquire magazine listed Ukiah as one of nine in the U.S. that cold survive a nuclear attack. They later moved to San Francisco and Los Angeles. After an expose during the mid 1970's in the magazine New West raised suspicions of illegal activities within the Temple, he moved some of the Temple membership to Jonestown, Guyana. The Temple had leased almost 4,000 acres of dense jungle from the government. They established an agricultural cooperative there, called the "Peoples Temple Agricultural Project." They raised animals for food, and assorted tropical fruits and vegetables for consumption and sale. Jones developed a belief called Translation in which he and his followers would all die together, and would move to another planet for a life of bliss. Mass suicides were practiced in which his followers pretended to drink poison and fell to the ground. During the late 1970's, Jones had been abusing prescription drugs and appears to have become increasingly paranoid. Rumors of human rights abuses circulated. As in most high-intensity religious groups, there was a considerable flow of people joining and leaving the group. Tim Stoen, the Temple attorney and right-hand man to Jones left to form a group called Concerned Relatives. They claimed that Jonestown was being run like a concentration camp, and that people were being held there against their will. These concerns motivated Leo Ryan, a Congressman, to visit Jonestown in 1978-NOV for a personal inspection. At first, the visit went well. Later, on NOV-18, about 16 Temple members decided that they wanted to leave Jonestown with the visitors. This came as quite a blow to both Jones and the rest of the project. While Ryan and the others were waiting at Port Kiatuma airfield, the local airstrip, some heavily armed members of the Temple's security guards arrived and started shooting. Congressman Ryan and four others were killed; three were members of the press; the other was a person from Jonestown who wanted to leave. 11 were wounded. Fearing retribution, the project members discuss their options. They reach a consensus to commit group suicide.  Most appear to have committed suicide by drinking a grape drink laced with cyanide and a number of sedatives, including liquid Valium, Penegram and chloral hydrate. Some sources say it was Kool-Aid; others say FlaVor-Aid�. Other victims appear to have been murdered by poison injection. The Guyanese coroner said that hundreds of bodies showed needle marks, indicating foul play. S


Published in 1895, which was Thomas Hardy's first novel?

'Tess of the D'Urbervilles', Thomas Hardy - Quotes Classic Literature Expert By Esther Lombardi Tess of the d'Urberville is a tragedy. The novel details the loss of innocence and the ultimate destruction of a young girl. The novel was one of the last novels by Thomas Hardy, who is also famous for Jude the Obscure. Here are a few quotes from Tess of the d'Urberville. "I don't know; but I think so. They sometimes seem to be like the apples on our stubbard-tree. Most of them splendid and sound - a few blighted." - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 4 "I won't sell his old body. When we d'Urbervilles was knights in the land, we didn't sell our chargers for cat's meat. Let 'em keep their shillings! He've served me well in his lifetime, and I won't part from him now." - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 4 "Thus, the thing began. Had she perceived this meeting's import she might have asked why she was doomed to be seen and coveted that day by the wrong man, and not by some other man, the right and desired one in all respects..." - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 5 continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance "Out of the frying pan into the fire!" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 10 "But some might say, where was Tess's guardian Angel ? Where was the providence of her simple faith? Perhaps... he was talking, or he was pursuing, or he was in a journey, or he was sleeping and not to be awaked... As Tess's own people down in those retreats are never tired of saying among each other in their fatalistic way: 'It was to be.'" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 11 "My life looks as if it had been wasted for want of chances! When I see what you know, what you have read, and seen, and thought, I feel what a nothing I am!" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 19 "I can't bear to let anybody have him but me! Yet it is wrong Tess him, and may kill him when he knows!" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 28 "Yes; at that dance on the green; but you would not dance with me. O, I hope that is no ill-omen for us now!" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 30 "you always courting me, and always thinking as much of me as you have done through the past summertime!" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 32 "You are very good. But it strikes me that there is a want of harmony between your present mood of self-sacrifice and your past mood of self-preservation." - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 35 "I agree to the conditions, Angel; because you know best what my punishment ought to be; only - only - don't make it more than I can bear!" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 37 "She would have laid down her life for 'ee. I could do no more." - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 40 "You, and those like you, take your fill of pleasure on earth by making the life of such as me bitter and black with sorrow; and then it is a fine thing, when you have had enough of that, to think of securing your pleasure in heaven by becoming converted!" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 45 "How can I pray for you, when I am forbidden to believe that the great Power who moves the world would alter his plans on my account?" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 46 "'You have been the cause of my backsliding,' he continued, stretching his arm towards her waist; 'you should be willing to share it, and leave that mule you call husband forever.'" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 47 "Remember, my lady, I was your master once! I will be your master again. If you are any man's wife you are mine!" - Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urberville, Chapter 47 "O why have you treated me so monstrously, Angel ! I do not deserve it. I have thought it all over carefully, and I can never, never forgive you! You know that I did not intend to wrong you - why have you so wronged me? You are cruel, cruel indeed! I will try to forget you. It is all injustice I have recei