At Cambridge the ‘Senior Wrangler’ is the top performer at what?

Wrangling and the Tripos | ThatsMaths Wrangling and the Tripos Tags: Education , History The Mathematical Tripos examinations, and the Wranglers who achieve honours in them, are the topic of the That’s Maths column ( TM023 ) in the Irish Times this week. Today (20/06/13) the results of the final examinations in mathematics will be read out at the Senate House in Cambridge University. Following tradition, the class list will then be tossed over the balcony , and the names of this year’s wranglers will be known. The Wranglers could be a rock group or a brand of American jeans, but they are also the students who gain first-class honours degrees in the examinations known as the Mathematical Tripos, the one ranked first being Senior Wrangler. Results read out at the Senate House are then tossed from the balcony [ Photo Wikipedia ] Great prestige attaches to the top few Wranglers, opening opportunities for their future professional careers.  To become Senior Wrangler was once regarded as “the greatest intellectual achievement attain able in Britain”. In the past, the rankings in the exams were made public. Since 1910, only the class of degree has been given, but the examiner tips his hat when announcing the name of the top student. The Old Tripos The notoriously difficult Triops were a test of speed and well-practised problem-solving techniques, and many brilliant students who were inadequately drilled failed to top the class. To have any hope, students needed to be coached like racing thoroughbreds. The “Old Tripos” tested the metal of the strongest students. In 1854, when James Clerk Maxwell was beaten into second place by Edward Routh, the Tripos comprised 16 papers over eight days – more than 40 hours in total. Routh went on to become the most successful coach, training 27 Senior Wranglers. Maxwell made monumental contributions to the theory of electromagnetism. During the nineteenth century, mathematics in Britain lagged behind developments in Germany and France. One of the most inventive and original students who did not make Senior Wrangler was G.H.Hardy, the leading British mathematician of the twentieth century. Hardy placed some blame for Britain’s poor performance on the Mathematical Tripos, stating that they were a poor training for a pure mathematician. Substantial reforms, introduced in 1909, changed the nature of the Tripos. Prior to that, applications such as Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory had been emphasised. Hardy was largely responsible for the change of focus to more pure mathematics. “Above the Senior Wrangler” There were two individuals who were ranked number one but who did not become Senior Wrangler. One was Philippa Fawcett who, in 1890, was declared to be “above the Senior Wrangler”. Her marks were thirteen percent ahead of the next in line but, while women were permitted to take the examinations, they were not allowed at that time to be members of the University or to receive degrees. The other was the Hungarian-born mathematician George Polya. He had contributed to the reform of the Tripos and, at the request of Hardy, had sat the examination in 1925. To the great surprise of Hardy, Polya achieved the highest mark which, were he a student, would have made him Senior Wrangler. George Stokes and William Thompson, two Irish-born scientists, were both Wranglers. Stokes was Senior Wrangler in 1841. Thompson, later Lord Kelvin, reckoned himself a “shoo-in” for the honour in 1845. According th legend, he dispatched one of the college servants thus: “Just pop down to the Senate House and see who is Second Wrangler”. The servant returned with the answer: “You, Sir!” Addendum This year's Senior Wrangler is Arran Fernandez, the youngest ever, barely 18 years old.   When he started at Cambridge, he was also the youngest undergraduate there since Pitt the Younger. See report in the Cambridge News,


Which construction was officially titled the Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart?

Berlin Wall: What you need to know about the barrier that divided East and West | The Independent Berlin Wall: What you need to know about the barrier that divided East and West On Sunday, it will be 25 years since the Berlin Wall fell Friday 7 November 2014 16:22 BST Click to follow Indy Lifestyle Online Sunday will mark 25 years since the Berlin Wall was torn down, ending almost 30 years of division in the German capital. It had been constructed overnight and on the night of 9 November 1989 it fell, with thousands of East Germans travelling to the barrier to demand the gates be opened. They were met on the other side by huge crowds of “Wessis” waiting to greet them with flowers and champagne, starting celebrations that lasted for days. This weekend, Berlin is celebrating again, with a symbolic wall of illuminated balloons being released into the sky amid a programme of concerts, plays and exhibitions throughout the city. Most Germans marking the occasion will not remember the construction of “Die Mauer”, which caught Berliners by complete surprise. Read more West German people smashing down the Berlin Wall in November 1989 When was the Berlin Wall built? The first barrier was constructed overnight on 12 August 1961, after the leader of the East German Communist Party, Walter Ulbricht, ordered a barricade to stop East Germans defecting. An estimated 2.5 million people had flooded into West Berlin since 1949 and the Government wanted to put a stop to the exodus from the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Berliners woke up on 13 August to find themselves separated from friends, family, work and even their homes and in the coming weeks and months, the barrier was strengthened with concrete walls and guard towers. The finished wall was made up of a 66 mile concrete section that was 3.6 metres high, with a further 41 miles of barbed wire fencing and more than 300 manned look-out towers. It did not just go through the centre of the city – it completely encircled all of West Berlin, which was surrounded by the communist GDR. Two women wave to their family across the Berlin Wall, 1961 Why was it constructed? By 1949, Germany had become two separate countries - The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), run by the Allies, and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), run by the Soviet Union. Although Berlin was in East Germany, as the capital it was also shared between Britain, France, America and the Soviet Union. The inner German border was officially closed in 1952 and the city became the main route for disaffected East Germans reaching the West. Thousands of people exploited what became known as the “Berlin emigration loophole” and the GDR’s introduction of new passport laws in 1957 only drove more people through the capital – up to 90 per cent of all refugees. Families and friends, once neighbours, now stand divided and wave across to each other over the Berlin wall. What impact did it have? The wall divided friends, families and loved ones, causing people on both sides to lose their jobs and livelihoods if trapped on the wrong side. In total, about 5,000 people are thought to escaped East Germany by crossing the wall – including more than 1,300 guards. Tales of daring escapes became a fixture in the Western media, including acrobat Horst Klein, who dangled off a disused cable as he made his way to the West inch-by-inch. Heinz Meixner famously cut out his car’s windscreen and ducked underneath the barrier at Checkpoint Charlie, as he sped through with his mother in the boot. Perhaps the most famous symbols of freedom became Hans Strelczyk and Gunter Wetzel, who constructed a hot air balloon to fly themselves over the wall in 1979. There was one group of Berliners that crossed without risking their lives – the 50,000 Grenzgängers – who were permitted to work in the West, with its larger salaries, capitalist economy and political freedoms. A man lies in the back of lorry after crossing the Berlin Wall by ladder fearing the guards may have seen him escape, 1965 How many people died? The first person to be killed tryin


The Schlieffen Plan was enacted during which conflict?

The Schlieffen Plan - History Learning Site The Schlieffen Plan Citation: C N Trueman "The Schlieffen Plan" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 31 Mar 2015. 16 Aug 2016. The Schlieffen Plan was created by General Count Alfred von Schlieffen in December 1905. The Schlieffen Plan was the operational plan for a designated attack on France once Russia, in response to international tension, had started to mobilise her forces near the German border. The execution of the Schlieffen Plan led to Britain declaring war on Germany on August 4th, 1914. In 1905, Schlieffen was chief of the German General Staff. Europe had effectively divided into two camps by this year – Germany, Austria and Italy (the Triple Alliance) on one side and Britain, France and Russia (the Triple Entente) on the other. Schlieffen believed that the most decisive area for any future war in Europe would be in the western sector. Here, Schlieffen identified France as Germany’s most dangerous opponent. Russia was not as advanced as France in many areas and Schlieffen believed that Russia would take six weeks to mobilise her forces and that any possible fighting on the Russian-German border could be coped with by the Germans for a few weeks while the bulk of her forces concentrated on defeating France. Schlieffen concluded that a massive and successful surprise attack against France would be enough to put off Britain becoming involved in a continental war. This would allow Germany time (the six weeks that Schlieffen had built into his plan) to transfer soldiers who had been fighting in the successful French campaign to Russia to take on the Russians. Schlieffen also planned for the attack on France to go through Belgium and Luxemburg. Belgium had had her neutrality guaranteed by Britain in 1839 – so his strategy for success depended on Britain not supporting Belgium. The Schlieffen Plan was revised as tension in Europe increased. However, the basic mechanics of it remained the same: a devastating attack on France via Belgium as soon as Russia had announced her intention to mobilise. a holding operation on the Russian/German border to be carried out if necessary and if required. Germany had 6 weeks to defeat France. Germany would then use her modernised rail system to move troops from the French operation to the Russian front. Russia would then be attacked and defeated. The Schlieffen Plan was daring but it had a number of glaring weaknesses: The actions of Russia determined when Germany would have to start her attack on France even if she was ready or not. It assumed that Russia would need six weeks to mobilise. It assumed that Germany would defeat France in less than six weeks. In fact, the attack in August 1914 nearly succeeded and was only defeated by the first Battle of the Marne. Poor communication between the frontline commanders and the army’s headquarters in Berlin did not help Moltke’s control of the campaign. Also the withdrawal of German troops in response to a higher than expected threat on the Russian front, meant that the Germans did not have the military clout that Schlieffen had built into his original plan. It was a plan that nearly succeeded but its success could only be measured by being 100% successful. France had to be defeated – and this did not happen. Schlieffen’s speedy attack and expected defeat of France never occurred – it’s failure did usher in the era of trench warfare that is so much linked to World War One. Further Reading:


In which film did Clint Eastwood play Will Munny?

Clint Eastwood - IMDb IMDb Actor | Producer | Director Perhaps the icon of macho movie stars, and a living legend, Clint Eastwood has become a standard in international cinema. Born May 31, 1930 in San Francisco, the elder of two children in a middle-class family, Eastwood stayed in high school until the comparatively late age of nineteen and worked menial jobs over a period of several years before ... See full bio » Born: a list of 32 people created 02 Jun 2011 a list of 23 people created 27 Oct 2011 a list of 42 people created 25 Dec 2011 a list of 40 people created 06 Jan 2012 a list of 22 people created 18 May 2015 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Clint Eastwood's work have you seen? User Polls Won     4     Oscars. Another    141 wins & 150 nominations. See more awards  » Known For  |  Edit Filmography  1959 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (TV Series) Newsman - Human Interest Story (1959) ... Newsman (uncredited)  1959 Maverick (TV Series)  1958 Navy Log (TV Series) Burns  1957 West Point (TV Series) Cadet Bob Salter  1956 Death Valley Days (TV Series) John Lucas  1956 Highway Patrol (TV Series) Joe Keeley  1955 Allen in Movieland (TV Movie) Orderly  1971 The Beguiled (executive producer - uncredited) Hide   2012 Trouble with the Curve (performer: "You Are My Sunshine" - uncredited)  2009 Invictus (music: "Invictus 9,000 Days" (2009))  2009 Away We Go (performer: "H.A.P.P.Y.")  2009 Qwerty (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) - Episode #3.26 (2009) ... (writer: "Gran Torino")  2008 Gran Torino (performer: "Gran Torino" - uncredited) / (writer: "Gran Torino", "Gran Torino" (uncredited))  2007 The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Episode #15.25 (2007) ... (performer: "Don't Fence Me In")  2006 Flags of Our Fathers (writer: "Flags of Our Fathers")  2006 The Wire (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Alliances (2006) ... (performer: "Another One Bites the Dust")  2004 Million Dollar Baby (writer: "Blue Morgan")   The Blues (TV Series documentary) (performer - 1 episode, 2003) (writer - 1 episode, 2003) - Piano Blues (2003) ... (performer: "Doe Eyes") / (writer: "Doe Eyes")  2000 Space Cowboys (writer: "ESPACIO")  1999 True Crime (writer: "Why Should I Care")  1997 Qui (Short) (writer: "Claudia's Theme")  1997 Absolute Power (writer: "Power Waltz", "Kate's Theme")  1995 The Bridges of Madison County (writer: "Doe Eyes (Love Theme from 'The Bridges Of Madison County')")  1993 A Perfect World (writer: "Big Fran's Baby")  1992 Unforgiven (writer: "Claudia's Song")  1986 Heartbreak Ridge (writer: "How Much I Care")  1984 City Heat ("Montage Blues")  1982 Honkytonk Man (performer: "Honkytonk Man", "When I Sing About You", "No Sweeter Cheater Than You")  1980 Bronco Billy (performer: "Barroom Buddies")  1971 The Beguiled (performer: "Dove She is a Pretty Bird" - uncredited)  1970 Two Mules for Sister Sara (performer: "Sam Hall" - uncredited)  1969 Paint Your Wagon (performer: "I Still See Elisa", "I Talk To The Trees", "Best Things", "Gold Fever")


What name was given by the Sioux Indians to John J Dunbar?

Dances with Wolves (1990) - Synopsis The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. Warning! This synopsis may contain spoilers See plot summary for non-spoiler summarized description. Visit our Synopsis Help to learn more Synopsis During a US Civil War battle, Union Army Officer Lieutenant John J. Dunbar ( Kevin Costner ) learns that his injured leg is to be amputated. Seeing the plight of fellow soldiers with amputated legs, Dunbar refuses amputation and attempts suicide by riding a horse across the line of fire, between the opposing Union and Confederate positions. His action has the unexpected effect of rallying his comrades, who storm the distracted Confederates and win the battle. After the ensuing battle, an experienced general's surgeon saves Dunbar's leg. The commanding officer recognizes Dunbar as a hero and gives him Cisco, the horse who carried him in battle, and offers Dunbar his choice of posting. Dunbar, anxious to see the Western frontier before it ends, requests transfer west. After meeting with Major Fambrough ( Maury Chaykin ), who has slipped into delusions of grandeur (apparently believing he is a king and Dunbar a medieval knight), he is paired with a drayage teamster named Timmons ( Robert Pastorelli ), who conveys Dunbar to his post. After the departure of Timmons and Dunbar, Fambrough commits suicide with his own pistol. After a scenic journey, Dunbar and Timmons arrive with fresh supplies at the desolate Fort Sedgwick, finding it deserted except for a lone wolf that Dunbar later befriends and dubs Two Socks, because of the coloring of its front legs. Dunbar, while waiting for reinforcements to arrive, sets about bringing order the deserted post, left in complete disarray by its previous occupants. Meanwhile, Timmons, while returning to their point of departure, is ambushed by Pawnee Indians and scalped. Timmons' death and the suicide of the major who sent them there prevents Union officers from knowing of Dunbar's assignment to the post, effectively isolating Dunbar. Dunbar remains unaware of the full situation and its implications. He notes in his journal how strange it is that no more soldiers join him at the post. Dunbar initially encounters Sioux neighbors when the tribe's medicine man, Kicking Bird ( Graham Greene ), happens upon the fort while Dunbar bathes out of sight, and, assuming it abandoned, attempts to capture Cisco. After Dunbar scares off Kicking Bird, he is confronted by an aggressive warrior named Wind in His Hair ( Rodney A. Grant ), who declares that he is not scared of the white man. Eventually, Dunbar establishes a rapport with Kicking Bird, but the language barrier frustrates them. On his way to visit the tribe's camp, Dunbar interrupts the suicide attempt of Stands With A Fist ( Mary McDonnell ), a white woman captured by the tribe as a child and recently widowed, who recovers and acts as a translator. Dunbar finds himself drawn to the lifestyle and customs of the tribe, and becomes a hero among the Sioux and accepted as an honorary member of the tribe after he helps them locate a migrating herd of buffalo, which they depend upon as a source of food, material, and clothing. Dunbar further helps defend the settlement against a Pawnee raiding party, providing the Sioux warriors with surplus rifles and ammunition from the fort. He eventually is accepted as a full member of the tribe. After members of the tribe witness him playing with Two Socks, he is named ugmï¿½nitu Taka Ob'wahi ("Dances with Wolves"; ugmï¿½nitu Taka means large coyote, the Lakota word for wolf). Dunbar falls in love with Stands With A Fist, a relationship forbidden by the recent death of her husband in battle but consummated in secret. The two eventually win the approval of Kicking Bird, who takes on the role of her father, and marry. Dunbar subsequently spends more time living with the tribe than manning his post at Fort Sedgwick. Wind In His Hair, his last rival, acknowledges him as a friend. Dunbar's idyll ends when he tells Kicking Bird that


Who had a secretary called Joan Greengross?

Sue Nicholls - IMDb IMDb Sue Nicholls was born on November 23, 1943 in Walsall, Staffordshire, England as Susan Frances Harmer Nicholls. She is an actress, known for Coronation Street (1960), The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976) and Up the Elephant and Round the Castle (1983). She has been married to Mark Eden since July 1993. See full bio » Born:


For which paper merchants did David Brent work in The Office?

The Office (UK) - Microsoft Store The Office (UK) Season 1 • 2001 • Comedy • English • Unrated CC $16.99 In a paper merchants in the heart of middle England, David Brent is a lower-middle-ranking manager in charge of a lower-middle-ranking office. His workplace is the antithesis of TV's glossy law firms full of bright professionals. Instead of mutual respect and intelligent dialogue, David's office is a place of backfiring practical jokes, failed flirting and bad showing off. He struggles to keep control of his workforce - including army-obsessed Gareth... Buy SD $16.99 You may also like TV episodes In a paper merchants in the heart of middle England, David Brent is a lower-middle-ranking manager in charge of a lower-middle-ranking office. His workplace is the antithesis of TV's glossy law firms full of bright professionals. Instead of mutual respect and intelligent dialogue, David's office is a place of backfiring practical jokes, failed flirting and bad showing off. He struggles to keep control of his workforce - including army-obsessed Gareth, sarcastic Tim and middle-aged Malcolm who silently works all day. Season 1 Watch now Resume episode Completed Season 1, episode 1, M CC David Brent is informed by Head Office that his Slough branch of Wernham Hogg paper merchants might be closed down. Buy SD $2.99 Watch now Resume episode Completed Season 1, episode 2, M CC David hires Donna, his lodger and the daughter of his best friend. While showing her round the office he discovers a doctored pornographic image of himself. Gareth, due to his covert operations skills, is told to catch the culprit. Buy SD $2.99 Watch now Resume episode Completed Season 1, episode 3, M Ricky confesses that he once appeared on Blockbusters and won two gold runs. David, feeling his tiny mind intellectually threatened, is thus inspired to make frequent expositions on his (non-existent) knowledge of Dostoevsky. Buy SD $2.99 Watch now Resume episode Completed Season 1, episode 4, M CC To fend off the increasing staff disillusionment a Training Day has been scheduled. Dawn’s engagement to Lee is on the rocks and Tim begins to think that he may at last have a chance with her. Buy SD $2.99 Watch now Resume episode Completed Season 1, episode 5, M CC David interviews for a new secretary and choses blonde Karen. His efforts to impress end spectacularly badly when he accidentally headbutts her. Meanwhile Donna’s late arrival at work inevitably sparks the rumour that she is sleeping with a colleague Buy SD $2.99 Watch now Resume episode Completed Season 1, episode 6, M CC It is redundancies judgement day and David is told by Head Office that he will be promoted if he sacrifices the branch. True to his innate sense of self-preservation and greed David leaps at the chance for betterment. Buy SD $2.99


A ‘Boilermaker’ is whisky chased with what?

Boilermaker (beer cocktail) - YouTube Boilermaker (beer cocktail) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Mar 24, 2011 A boilermaker is a beer cocktail consisting of a glass of beer and a shot of whisky, tequila, or vodka. The beer is either served as a chaser or is mixed with the liquor. When the beer is served as a chaser, the drink is often called simply "a shot and a beer." In various regions of the United States, the drink is known as a beer and a bump. In the United Kingdom, a boilermaker is a shot of bourbon or rye whiskey dropped into a glass of English pale ale. Drinking--There are various ways to drink a boilermaker: Generally speaking, the Boilermaker is merely a glass of beer with a shot of whiskey served on the side. The shot goes down in one, and the beer follows, being sipped rather than quickly downed. Traditionally, the liquor is drunk in a single gulp and is chased by the beer. The liquor and beer may be mixed by pouring or dropping the shot into the beer. The mixture may be stirred, if desired. The liquor may be poured directly into an open beer bottle or can after removing some of the beer. Category


Which state did JFK represent as a senator?

KENNEDY, John Fitzgerald - Biographical Information Senate Years of Service: 1953-1960 Party: Democrat Courtesy U.S. Senate Historical Office KENNEDY, John Fitzgerald, (brother of Edward M. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy, grandson of John Francis Fitzgerald, and uncle of Joseph Patrick Kennedy II and Patrick J. Kennedy), a Representative and a Senator from Massachusetts and 35th President  of the United States; born in Brookline, Norfolk County, Mass., May 29, 1917;  attended the public and private schools of Brookline, Mass., Choate School,  Wallingford, Conn., the London School of Economics at London, England, and  Princeton University; graduated from Harvard University in 1940; attended  Stanford University School of Business; during the Second World War served as a  lieutenant in the United States Navy 1941-1945; PT boat commander in the South  Pacific; author and newspaper correspondent; elected as a Democrat to the  Eightieth, Eighty-first, and Eighty-second Congresses (January 3, 1947-January  3, 1953); did not seek renomination in 1952; elected to the United States  Senate in 1952; reelected in 1958 and served from January 3, 1953 to December  22, 1960, when he resigned to become President of the United States; chairman,  Special Committee on the Senate Reception Room (Eighty-fourth and Eighty-fifth  Congresses); unsuccessfully sought the Democratic vice presidential nomination  in 1956; elected thirty-fifth President of the United States in 1960, and was  inaugurated on January 20, 1961; died in Dallas, Tex., November 22, 1963, from  the effects of an assassins bullet; remains returned to Washington, D.C.; lay  in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, November 24-25, 1963; interment in  Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.; posthumously awarded the  Presidential Medal of Freedom on December 6, 1993. Bibliography American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Burns, James M. John Kennedy: A Political Profile. New York: Harcourt, Brace  and World, 1961; Sorenson, Theodore. Kennedy. 1965. Reprint. New York: Perennial Library, 1988;  Dallek, Robert. An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963. Boston: Little  Brown Co., 2003.


Patricia Kennedy was divorced from which English actor?

Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924 - 2006) - Find A Grave Memorial New York County (Manhattan) New York, USA Kennedy Family Member and Socialite. Sister of US President John F. Kennedy and wife of British actor Peter Lawford. The sixth of nine children (and fourth of five daughters) born to Joseph P. Kennedy and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald, Patricia was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, into a world of politics, power and privilege. Her father would be US Ambassador to Great Britain and she grew up having traveled extensively. As early as 1946, she joined the political campaign for her brother, John, initial run for Congress, organizing women's groups in Boston and Cambridge, and when he ran for President in 1960, she occasionally substituted at his side at appearances for John's wife, Jackie. After graduating from Rosemont College, she moved to Hollywood, in the hopes of becoming a movie producer and director like her father. She initially worked as an assistant in the production department of NBC radio, working on Kate Smith's radio program and Father Peyton's Family Theater program. On April 24, 1954, she married British actor Peter Lawford in St. Thomas More Roman Catholic Church in New York City, and soon settled in Santa Monica, California. Her parents were reportedly disappointed with her marriage choice to Episcopalian Lawford, who had agreed to raise their children as Catholics. Her marriage brought her close to Hollywood stars, including the Rat Pack, of whom her husband was a member. She had four children with Peter Lawford: Christopher, Sydney, Victoria, and Robin. Raised a staunch Roman Catholic, she was unprepared for the Hollywood glamour world of liquor, drugs and blatant sex. In 1966, she became the first of the Kennedy children to divorce, when she established residence in Idaho to circumvent the New York state divorce laws. After the divorce, she moved to New York City with her four children, where she remained popular in high society social circles. She was a strong supporter of the arts, and was an active member of the National Committee for the Literary Arts at Lincoln Center. She remained prominent in the society news columns as she traveled among Palm Beach, New York city, and the Hamptons. Following the 1968 death of her brother, Robert Kennedy, she wrote a book about him, published the next year, "That Shining Hour" in which she discusses her relationship to the Kennedy family and her brother. In her later years, she maintained a home in Manhattan (New York City) and in Southampton, New York. She died at her Manhattan home, at the age of 82, from complications from pneumonia. (bio by: Kit and Morgan Benson)


Who is commemorated by a museum at Alloway, Strathclyde?

O'Grady McCormick O'Hara Agee Lewis - Bernard McCormick O'Grady McCormick O'Hara Agee Lewis Bernard McCormick      Bernard McCormick was born circa 1830 at County Antrim, Ulster, Ireland . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 He was the son of Edward McCormick and Barbara McDonnell . 6 Bernard McCormick was the godparent at the baptism of Ann McCormick on 1 March 1846 at Parish of Drummaul, County Antrim, Ireland ; 1 March 1846 Ann of John McCormcik and Ellen Mallaghan, Antrim, Sps Bernard McCormick and Barbara Macaulay. 7      Once upon a time, prior to 1851, Bernard caught the ferry from Larne in Antrim and crossed the North Channel of the Irish Sea to Stranraer, south of Ayr city. Like thousands of Irishman before him and thousands after him, he crossed the channel looking for work. I suspect that he knew Owen O'Hara in Antrim. He became a boarder in the O'Hara house and married Owen's eldest daughter, Ellen. Bernard and Ellen spent about 20 yrs in Ayrshire moving from village to village, wherever there was work. In Dernconner, in the Parish of Auchinleck, they lived near the Daniel Harrigan and Hugh O'Hara families. Bernard and Ellen had five children born in various villages in the county of Ayr. John, the first born in 1851 in Ayr and Angelo the last in 1867. About 200 miles south in Dudley, Worcestershire, England, another Irish immigrant family were beginning a family. Thomas Grady, a shoemaker from County Clare, Ireland, and Ann Scott, were married in 1851 and their first born son, William, was born in 1854 in Dudley. William and Bernard never met but, in time, William would become his son-in-law. The following excerpts are taken from the ninth edition of The Encyclopaedia Britannica published in 1894 which was at one time in the possession of William Grady. This is an American reprint of the 1875 edition. The following historical sketchs of Ayr city and Ayrshire should reflect the region as Bernard and Ellen knew it. Ayr, County of, or Ayrshire, a Scottish county, bounded by Wigtownshire and the stewartry of Kirkcudbright on the S; by Kirkcudbright, Dumfries, and Lanark on the E; and by Renfrewshire on the N. On the W. it has a coast line extending to 70 miles on the Irish Sea and the Firth of Clyde. The county contains 1149 square miles, or 735,262 acres. The middle part, which is the broadest, is about 26 miles across. There are six rivers of some note in Ayrshire--Stinchar, Girvan, Doon, Ayr, Irvine, and Garnock. Or these the Ayr, from which the county and county town take their name, is the largest. It rises at Glenbuck, on the border of Lanarkshire, and after a course of 33 miles, falls into the Firth of Clyde at the county town.....There has been no lack of agricultural enterprise in Ayrshire. With a moist climate , and generally, a rather heavy soil, draining was necessary for the successful growth of green crops....Early potatoes are now extensively grown in some localities. The farmers on the coast lands of Girvan and West Kilbride are first in the market, and the next supplies come from the friable lands about Ayr and St. Quivox. A considerable extent of ground is cleared in June for the Glasgow market; and, in dropping seasons, good crops of turnips follow....Carrots and mangolds are cultivated more extensively than in any other Scotch county....Wheat generally follows green crops in the lower parts of the county, though barley is coming more into use than in former times on light land..... The iron trade of Ayrshire has risen to great importance. The manufacture has long been carried on at Muirkirk, although the iron had to carted long distances to Ayr and Glasgow before the introduction of railways. Immense fields of Ironstone have been opened up within the last quarter of a century; and there are now 33 furnaces in blast within the county, producing about 330,000 tons per annum. The works are all conncected with the three great companies, namely, William Baird & Company, the Dalmellington Iron Company and Merry and Cunningham....The antiquities of Ayrshire are not of much note. There are


Fox Narrowboats | Waterways East England UK Rivers Ouse Nene Middle Level Adam Henson (BBC’s Countryfile) news Fox Waterway Routes Our route guide will talk you through the boating journey, show highlights on the waterways and places to visit. You will cruise through rivers, canals and open sections during your boat hire holiday. Middle Level waterway Fascinating interconnected waterway with rivers and canals Fox Narrowboats is nestled in the centre of the Middle Level Waterways part of the Fenland waterways network. You will find the beautiful idyllic riverside villages of Upwell and Outwell. You can choose to head towards the River Nene and Peterborough or The River Ouse and Cambridge. more River Nene waterways Peterborough to Northampton and beyond The River Nene is accessed from the Middle Level at Peterborough, an ancient city at the edge of the fens. Close by is the Peterborough’s Ferry Meadows Park . Upstream from Peterborough the river has a number many interesting towns and villages on the way to Northampton. The Nene is linked to the Grand Union canal. more River Ouse waterways Bedford to the Norfolk coast with access to Cambridge From Middle Level join the River Ouse near Denver. Heading towards Cambridge is the perfect route to go boating and take in the collection of places with English heritage. You can continue to Bedford or split off onto one of the Ouse’s many tributaries. more


What is the army equivalent to a Royal Navy Captain?

Captain (Royal Navy) | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Please see Captain (naval) for other versions of this naval rank. A Royal Navy captain's rank insignia. Captain (Capt) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy . It ranks above Commander and below Commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5. The rank is equivalent to a Colonel in the British Army or Royal Marines and to a Group Captain in the Royal Air Force . The rank of Group Captain is based on the Royal Navy rank. Sometimes the rank is described as Captain RN to distinguish it from the more junior army rank . In the Royal Navy, the officer in command of any ship is considered the captain even if that officer holds a different rank. Royal Navy officers who rank as captains may serve on ships or on land in naval bases or other service establishments. The rank insignia features four rings of gold braid with a loop in the upper ring. [1]


On which river does Kidderminster stand?

Things to do in Kidderminster | Days Out | Places to Visit You are here:  Towns -> Places to Visit in Worcestershire -> Kidderminster Things to do in Kidderminster, Worcestershire Kidderminster, situated about 20 miles from central Birmingham, is a town which grew up (probably in Saxon times) around a crossing on the river Stour in Worcestershire. Timber framed building Kidderminster Later the waters from the river attracted weavers of cloth and from the 18th century carpet manufacturers to the area and over the years many sizable mills were built. Kidderminster Railway Station Even though trade has waned since the middle of the 20th century Kidderminster still enjoys a world-wide reputation as a centre for the carpet trade. Famous sons of the town include Peter Collins (formula 1 driver ) and Rowland Hill (father of the modern postal service and inventor of the postage stamp). Caldwall Lock Kidderminster Although one or two timber framed buildings and a medieval tower remain (these are not normally open to the public), repeated development means that very little of the old town still exists, except a few notable churches. Worcester Cross Drinking Fountain Kidderminster Swan Shopping Centre Kidderminster One thing that does remain from the past is the canal cutting through the town, which today is used by many pleasure craft and more than a few anglers. St Marys Church Kidderminster The Severn Valley Railway has an important station in the town (next to the mainline rail station) where you can board a steam train and take a nostalgic ride through some very beautiful countryside on a 16 mile link to Bridgnorth in Shropshire. Bull Ring Kidderminster Another important attraction is the West Midlands Safari Park, which can be found between Kidderminster and the neighbouring town of Bewdley. Within a few miles of Kidderminster there are a couple of arboretums, several course/trout fisheries, a number of golf courses, the county museum in the nearby village of Hartlebury and an Elizabethan moated manor house in Harvington. Market Street Kidderminster The river Severn and the Wyre Forest with its walks plus visitor and discovery centre are also only a few miles away. Description by T. Potter


What is the army equivalent to a Royal Navy Commodore?

Commodore (Royal Navy) | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit The appointment of Commodore dates to the mid-17th century: it was first used in the time of William III . There was a need for officers to command squadrons , but it was not deemed desirable to create new admirals (as Post-Captains were promoted to Rear-Admiral in order of seniority). Captains assigned squadron command were given the title of Commodore, but it was not an actual rank. The officer so designated kept his place on the list of Captains. In 1748 it was established that Captains serving as Commodores were equal to Brigadier-Generals in the Army. Commodores could revert to the rank of Captain at the end of their posting (and Captains could be promoted directly to Rear-Admiral without ever having served as a Commodore). The Royal Navy Commodore was eventually split into two classes. Those of the first class had a Captain under them to command their ship and were allocated one-eighth of all prize money earned by ships under their command. Those of the second class commanded their own ship as well as the squadron. In 1783, Commodores of the first class were allowed to wear the uniform of a Rear-Admiral, a distinction which continued with some variation until the two classes of Commodore were consolidated in 1958. By the 20th century, Commodores did not just command seagoing units (the naval barracks in the three main naval bases of Devonport , Portsmouth and Chatham were all commanded by Commodores, for instance) and the appointment of Commodore could also be held by specialist officers in certain positions as well as by line officers. The Royal Air Force rank of air commodore was derived from the Royal Navy rank of commodore in 1919. In 1996, Commodore was made a substantive rank in the Royal Navy. It had previously been an appointment, with the holder a Captain, reverting to the status of Captain at the end of the appointment. Insignia Edit Commodores First Class, while wearing the sleeve stripes of a Rear-Admiral, had gold lace-covered epaulettes with a crown, two stars and an anchor (also worn by other Commodores but only with formal uniforms). They flew a swallow-tailed pennant with the St George's cross , but without the disc that appeared on the pennant of a Second Class Commodore. Commodores Second Class wore a single 1.75 inch-wide row of lace below a ring (known in naval regulations as a curl) measuring 1.75 inches in diameter on both sleeve and shoulder-board. Their uniforms were otherwise the same as for Captains. Modern Commodores wear the insignia previously worn by Commodores Second Class. Equivalent naval ranks Edit Some Commonwealth countries have replaced Commodore with an equivalent flag rank. The correct sleeve insignia for such a rank is a single 1.75 inch-wide row of gold lace below a gold lace curl with a diameter of 2 inches. The correct shoulder-board insignia comprises a crown (or national emblem for republics) with a crossed sword and baton on a gold lace-covered shoulder-board, however, there is some variation due to misconceptions about the status of stars in Commonwealth-style rank insignia. The rest of the uniform is identical to that of a Rear-Admiral.


The Light of the World The Light of the World William Holman Hunt on Poetry Hunt did not solve this problem in the Christ and the Two Marys, since he abandoned the picture when he realized it did not correspond to his beliefs. But when the text "Behold I stand at the door and knock" came as a response to his anxious religious questionings, he found that it brought a new symbolism with it. As the painter assured Tupper, even the most basic visual elements of the painting had spiritual meaning for him. He painted the figure of Christ to emphasize solidity and mass because he wanted to avoid the implications of conventional religious art: "In England you know spiritual figures are painted as if in vapour. I had a further reason for making the figure more solid than I should have otherwise done in the fact that it is the Christ that is alive for ever more. He was to be firmly and substantially there waiting for the stirring of the sleeping soul." Hunt also conceived the lighting in terms of its spiritual significance — just as he was later to do in The Triumph of the Innocents . The figure of Christ, he explained, was "to be seen only by the light of the star of distant dawn behind, and of some moonlight in front with most of all the light "to guide us in dark places" coming from the lantern. This mixture of lights is all natural on the understanding that it is treated typically" (20 June 1878; London (Huntington MS.). In the world of religious vision which Hunt created in The Light of the World all things necessarily bear higher meanings, so that the symbolical and the natural combine: both together make up the real. although one cannot be certain about the precise significance of all elements of the picture's lighting , it is clear that Christ's lantern — whether it be the light of truth or of Christian doctrine — provides most of the illumination. The promise of a new day, a new life once the soul awakens to Christ, and the natural light of the moon can shed some, too, but Christ himself must be the chief means by which one can see him. In Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Hunt explained the other points of symbolism in The Light of the World : The closed door was the obstinately shut mind, the weeds the cumber of daily neglect, the accumulated hindrances of sloth; the orchard the garden of delectable fruit for the dainty feast of the soul. The music of the still small voice was the summons to the sluggard to awaken and become a zealous labourer under the Divine Master; the bat flitting about only in darkness was a natural symbol of ignorance; the kingly and priestly dress of Christ, the sign of His reign over the body and the soul, to them who could give their allegiance to Him and acknowledge God's overrule. In making it a night scene, lit mainly by the lantern carried by Christ, I had followed metaphorical explanation in the Psalms, "Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path,' with also the accordant allusions by St. Paul to the sleeping soul, "The night is far spent, the day is at hand." (I.350-51) For the painter it was a matter of great importance that the iconography of the picture "was not based upon ecclesiastical or archaic symbolism, but derived from obvious reflectiveness." According to Hunt, his symbols "were of natural figures such as language had originally employed to express transcendental ideas" (I.350). In other words, he believed that The Light of the World created its symbolic language in precisely the same way that men had formed language to express abstract and spiritual ideas. The important point is that, since the symbolism derives from what he takes to be essential habits of mind, it would be immediately comprehensible to any audience, because such "natural" symbolism does not require any knowledge of iconographic traditions. Nonetheless, since his method was unusual, he had worked "with no confidence" that his symbols would interest anyone else. The fact that The Light of the World has "in the main been interpreted truly" without any additional assistance from


Which English town did the Romans call Camulodonum?

Roman Towns Roman Towns Interesting Fact Romans invented towns in Great Britain. The Romans built Britain's first towns. They built towns all over Britain as centers to administer the people they        had conquered. Within 17 years of the invasion, they had several major towns in place. connected by the famous Roman roads . Towns soon became important places for meetings and trade. Reconstruction of Roman Sichester What were Roman towns like? The Roman towns were full of fine buildings and temples. The Romans liked everything to be organised and orderly. Streets were laid out in neat, straight lines, like on a chess-board. In the middle there was a large square, called the forum. It was used as a market place and for meetings. It had shops and offices on three sides and government offices on the other side. Many towns had running water and sewers. Aqueducts were bridges for bringing water to the towns. Only the rich had water piped to their houses; everyone else used water from public fountains. The only toilets were public lavatories, which were built around the town and connected to underground sewers. What could you find in most Roman towns? Most towns would also have shops as well as the  forum. At one end of the forum was a large building called the basilica. There were temples too where the Roman gods were worshipped. Some towns had public baths , an open-air theatre and huge monumental arches. What was the general layout of a Roman town? Throughout their empire the Romans built towns in exactly the same style. They were designed in the form of a grid, with streets built at right angles to each other and parallel with one of the two main roads. The streets of Roman towns were between five and eight metres wide. Their width depended upon their importance. Each town had two main roads. One heading North-South and the other East-West. At the point where these roads met was the town centre, where the administrative centre and the forum were found. The central part of the towncontained the main businesses, with the homes and dwellings of the citizens further towards the edges of the town. What were Roman buildings made of? Buildings were made of stone and brick. They were so well built that we have been able to excavate many Roman buildings and even towns. Corbridge Roman Town as it might have looked and some of its remains today. What were the largest towns the Romans built in Britain? The three largest were London, Colchester and St. Albans. Colchester was their main town. What were the names of the Roman towns? The Romans called our towns different names to what we know them as today. Verulamium (St Albans) Lindum (Lincoln) Eboracum (York) Every town with a name ending in 'chester' or 'caster' or ' cester' was once a Roman town e.g. Doncaster, Dorchester and Cirencester. Camulodunum (Colchester)


Which Blackadder cast member was knighted in the 2013 Birthday Honours List?

Tony Robinson - Biography - IMDb Tony Robinson Biography Showing all 33 items Jump to: Overview  (2) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (2) | Trivia  (15) | Personal Quotes  (11) Overview (2) 5' 4" (1.63 m) Mini Bio (1) Tony Robinson was born on August 15, 1946 in London, England. He is a producer and actor, known for Time Team (1994), Tales from Fat Tulip's Garden (1985) and The Real Da Vinci Code (2005). He has been married to Louise Hobbs since June 27, 2011. He was previously married to Mary Shepherd. Spouse (2) The character Baldrick from Blackadder. London accent. He has one son and one daughter. Lives just outside of Bristol, England and supports Bristol City Football Club. Allergic to red wine, cats and feathers. Has written 17 children's books, most recently one on Kings and Queens. Has appeared on the British political debate programme, Question Time (1979), as a member of the Labour party. His favorite songs are "I Can Help" by Billy Swan, "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis, "Chasing Cars" by Snow Patrol, "Beautiful" by Christina Aguilera, "Unfinished Sympathy" by Massive Attack, "Tangled Up In Blue" by Bob Dylan, "Shoulda Woulda Coulda" by Beverley Knight, "This Woman's Work" by Maxwell, "He's So Fine" by The Chiffons and "Falling Slowly" by The Frames. (Source: BBC Radio 2 "Tracks of My Years"). Along with Rowan Atkinson and Tim McInnerny , he is one of only three actors to appear in all four "Blackadder" series: The Black Adder (1982), Black-Adder II (1986), Black Adder the Third (1987) and Blackadder Goes Forth (1989). Narrates Terry Pratchett's Discworld and non discworld audio books. He is an active member of Oxfam and Comic Relief. In 2000, he was awarded an honorary Masters of Arts degree from Bristol University for his services to theatre and archaeology. Was a member of the Labour Party National Executive Committee and Labour Party Joint Policy Committee, 2000-2004. He was consultant on children's programming for the London Symphony Orchestra from 1998 to 2000. He was Vice President of Equity, the British Actors Union, from 1996 to 2000. He was created a Knight Bachelor in the 2013 Queen's Birthday Honours List for public and political service. London, England: Activist [June 2013] Personal Quotes (11) There is a century of socialism to be won. It will only happen if we make it happen. Blackadder fans call out Blackadder's catchphrase 'I have a cunning plan', Time Team lovers want me to dig up their gardens, while Tories shout 'You Labour idiot'. At first I wanted to be an MP but now I think it would be crap. It was around about the repeat of the second series that I began to get an inkling of quite how popular [ The Black Adder (1982)] was. It also coincided with the time I was having children. I brought them up in Bristol and an awful lot of that time it wasn't as if I was popping in and out of the Ivy and the Groucho club. I was dealing with things like queuing up outside primary schools and driving children to the next games field. I remember going to Alton Towers with my kids one day and we were unable to go round it. My presence there caused chaos. I suddenly thought - I have to recalibrate what my life is! We'd all had running conversations throughout the first series [of The Black Adder (1982)] as to what was wrong with it. As soon as we read the scripts we knew how we would change it. We all knew that it wasn't really working to have Blackadder as stupid as he was. So in the second series there was a feeling of 'Wow, we've got it'. Of course then it was up to me to interpret it. That's just the work you do as an actor. Even after we had done the second series we had no way of knowing whether it would be a sufficient step forward to ensure the BBC gave us a third series. I think probably once we'd made the third series, we were confident that there would be a fourth. But by that time various people were getting so successful, you couldn't guarantee they would be available. I think everyone was pissed off with everyone else by the end of the fourth series - so there was no possibility of


Which city does Islam regard as the next most holy after Mecca?

Why Is the City of Jerusalem Important in Islam? By Huda Updated November 16, 2016. The city of Jerusalem is known in Arabic as Al-Quds or Baitul-Maqdis ("The Noble, Sacred Place"). Jerusalem is perhaps the only city in the world that is considered historically and spiritually significant to Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike. Perhaps you are wondering why Jerusalem is considered a holy city in Islam? Why is this place so important to Muslims? Center of Monotheism Jerusalem is known as the land of many prophets, peace be upon them all. Muslims revere all of the "Biblical" prophets , such as Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus - peace be upon them all. They all taught the Oneness of God. First Qiblah for Muslims Jerusalem was the first Qiblah for Muslims - the place toward which Muslims turn in prayer. It was many years into the Islamic mission (16 months after the Hijrah ), that Muhammad (peace be upon him) was instructed to change the Qibla from Jerusalem to Mecca (Qur'an 2:142-144). It is reported that the Prophet Muhammad said, "There are only three mosques to which you should embark on a journey: the sacred mosque (Mecca, Saudi Arabia), this mosque of mine (Madinah, Saudi Arabia), and the mosque of Al-Aqsa (Jerusalem)." Site of Night Journey and Ascension It is Jerusalem that Muhammad (peace be upon him) visited during his night journey and ascension (called Isra' and Mi'raj ). In one evening, the angel Gabriel miraculously took the Prophet from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to the Furthest Mosque (Al-Aqsa) in Jerusalem. He was then taken up to the heavens to be shown the signs of God. The Prophet met with previous prophets and led them in prayer. He was then taken back to Mecca. The whole experience (which Muslim commentators take literally and Muslims believe as a miracle) lasted a few hours of a night. The event of Isra' and Mi'raj is mentioned in the Qur’an, in the first verse of Chapter 17 entitled 'The Children of Israel.’ "Glory to Allah, Who did take His servant for a journey by night, from the Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque, whose precincts We did bless - in order that We might show him some of Our signs. For He is the One who hears and knows all things." (Qur'an 17:1) This night journey further reinforced the link between Mecca and Jerusalem as holy cities and serves as an example of every Muslim's deep devotion and spiritual connection with Jerusalem. It is the hope of every Muslim that the Holy Land will be restored to a land of peace. Also read:


What is the youngest section of the Scouting movement, covering ages 6 to 8?

Scouting age ranges | Scouts Insurance Sections If you think Scouting’s just about knots, woggles and big shorts, then be prepared to be surprised. It’s how Richard Branson, Barack Obama and David Beckham got their start in life and you can benefit too. There are 450,000 young people in Scouting, spread across five sections: Beaver Scouts, Cub Scouts, Scouts, Explorer Scouts and the Scout Network. Each section has its own balanced programme of activities, badges and awards. Beavers (6–8) Beaver Scouts are our youngest members. They usually meet weekly to take part in a wide range of activities including games, crafts, singing, visits and good turns, along with plenty of outdoor activities. They will also have the opportunity to take part in the fun and excitement of camps and sleepovers. It may be the first time they spend a night away from home so it’s a real adventure for them. Cubs (8-10½) A Cub Scout Pack can have up to 36 Cub Scouts and is split into smaller groups called Sixes. Cubs take part in a wide range of activities designed to be interesting and challenging. A Cub Scout meeting consists of games and activities with plenty of time spent outdoors. Camps and holidays are some of the most memorable events of the year for Cubs. Scouts (10½–14) Each Scout Troop consists of small units of six to eight Scouts called a Patrol, usually led by a Patrol Leader. Outdoor activities feature prominently, with the highlight being camping. Throughout the year, Scouts learn various skills, such as map reading, camp cooking and first aid in preparation for camp. Rock climbing, potholing, gliding, photography and international experiences are just some of the things they get up to. Explorer Scouts (14–18) Explorers are encouraged to lead themselves in deciding the programme and direction of the Unit, with support and guidance from leaders. The section also includes the Young Leaders’ Scheme, where young people are able to take on a leadership role in one of the younger sections. There is wider scope for activities like offshore sailing, campaigning, performing, parascending, mountaineering and expeditions. Scout Network (18-25) Scout Network is the fifth and final section of the Scouting movement. Scout Network members take part in a variety of activities, which they undertake and organise themselves with the support of a Scout Network Leader. Example activities include abseiling, camping, circus skills, climbing, go-karting, gorge walking, hiking, pioneering and watersports. More info


Which seaside resort extends either side of the Great Orme headland?

Cottages in Wales | Holiday Cottages in Wales | Self-catering Holiday Cottages To Rent Throughout Wales | Wales Holiday Home Rentals.com Llandudno is the largest seaside resort in Wales � � Llandudno is a very popular seaside resort which draws holidaymakers back year after year, it's a town which still retains the charm and elegance of it's Victorian and Edwardian past which somehow blends seamlessly with it's modern attractions. One of Llandudno's more notable attractions is the gracefully curved immaculate seafront, which is positioned quite comfortably between the headlands of the Great Orme and Little Orme. As one ambles carelessly along the wide promenade with an ice cream in hand, the beauty of this town reveals itself. With it's many magnificent Victorian hotels flanked on one side of the promenade, and on the other side the North Shore beach stretches out with the Irish sea gently lapping onto its shoreline. � �Llandudno Pier Your journey along the promenade would not be complete without taking a stroll on the Grade II listed pier, which takes its visitors out 700 metres over the sea - in fact Llandudno pier is the longest pier in Wales. This popular pier has a number of little shops dotted up and down selling the usual beach requirements like buckets and spades as well as gifts, there is a charming funfair for little children, two amusement arcades and at the head of the pier a bar and cafe. Some things never change - Thank goodness Over the years many things have changed in holiday resorts to meet the demanding needs of holidaymakers, but two things which have always remained a firm favourite with children. These are donkey rides and good old Punch and Judy, whilst grown ups tend to enjoy a more relaxed and never changing pass-time - sitting in a deckchair looking at the back of their eyes (although maybe without the knotted handy on their head). In contrast to Llandudno's North Shore beach the West Shore beach is far quieter and less crowded, offering holidaymakers a sandy beach which extends out even further at low tide. The long beach is perfect, for those who enjoy a spot of kite flyers and kite surfing. Located just off the West Shore beach and offering some splendid views, is the championship 18-hole parkland and links golf course Maesdu Golf Club . Llandudno's must-do - The Great Orme Country Park One attraction which stands head and shoulders above the rest (literally) is the Great Orme, a prominent limestone headland on the Creuddyn Peninsula�which is 2 miles long, 1 mile wide�and stands dominantly 207 metres (679 feet) above sea level. There is only one way to really appreciate this magnificent headland, and that is by make your way to the summit either by car, bus, walking, cable car or tramway. � � The two popular ways to reach the summit are by cable car and the tramway� The cable car journey starts at Happy Valley near Llandudno pier where each of the light blue, yellow, orange and red cars holds up to 4 people as it glides slowly and effortlessly up to the summit. At just under two miles long, it is the longest passenger cable car system in Britain. � For that touch of elegance nothing can compare to arriving at the summit in Britain's only cabled-operated street tramway, starting out at Llandudno's Victoria Station passengers are taken on a one-mile journey, in one of four Victorian tramcars to the great Orme's summit complex.� However you arrive at the summit complex you will be rewarded by some spectacular�panoramic views of Llandudno, the Irish sea and parts of Snowdonia National Park. On a clear day visitors can even see the Isle of Man. The complex offers its visitors a cafe / restaurant, a themed bar, gift shop, children's playground, mini golf course and a visitor centre. One visitor experience not to be missed are the Great Orme Mines , considered to be the oldest metal mines open to the public in the world. Located close to the summit of the Great Orme, visitors can take a self-guided underground tour through the tunnels to discover what life was like for miners in their search for cop


What was the country of birth of Pope Benedict XVI?

Biography of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI | BENEDICT XVI OF HIS HOLINESS, POPE BENEDICT XVI Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XVI, was born at Marktl am Inn, Diocese of Passau (Germany) on 16 April 1927 (Holy Saturday) and was baptised on the same day. His father, a policeman, belonged to an old family of farmers from Lower Bavaria of modest economic resources. His mother was the daughter of artisans from Rimsting on the shore of Lake Chiem, and before marrying she worked as a cook in a number of hotels. He spent his childhood and adolescence in Traunstein, a small village near the Austrian border, thirty kilometres from Salzburg. In this environment, which he himself has defined as "Mozartian", he received his Christian, cultural and human formation. His youthful years were not easy. His faith and the education received at home prepared him for the harsh experience of those years during which the Nazi regime pursued a hostile attitude towards the Catholic Church. The young Joseph saw how some Nazis beat the Parish Priest before the celebration of Mass. It was precisely during that complex situation that he discovered the beauty and truth of faith in Christ; fundamental for this was his family’s attitude, who always gave a clear witness of goodness and hope, rooted in a convinced attachment to the Church. He was enrolled in an auxiliary anti-aircraft corps until September 1944. From 1946 to 1951 he studied philosophy and theology in the Higher School of Philosophy and Theology of Freising and at the University of Munich. He received his priestly ordination on 29 June 1951. A year later he began teaching at the Higher School of Freising. In 1953 he obtained his doctorate in theology with a thesis entitled "People and House of God in St Augustine’s Doctrine of the Church". Four years later, under the direction of the renowned professor of fundamental theology Gottlieb Söhngen, he qualified for University teaching with a dissertation on: "The Theology of History in St Bonaventure". After lecturing on dogmatic and fundamental theology at the Higher School of Philosophy and Theology in Freising, he went on to teach at Bonn, from 1959 to1963; at Münster from 1963 to 1966 and at Tübingen from 1966 to 1969. During this last year he held the Chair of dogmatics and history of dogma at the University of Regensburg, where he was also Vice-President of the University. From 1962 to 1965 he made a notable contribution to Vatican II as an "expert"; being present at the Council as theological advisor of Cardinal Joseph Frings, Archbishop of Cologne. His intense scientific activity led him to important positions at the service of the German Bishops’ Conference and the International Theological Commission. In 1972 together with Hans Urs von Balthasar, Henri de Lubac and other important theologians, he initiated the theological journal "Communio". On 25 March 1977 Pope Paul VI named him Archbishop of Munich and Freising. On 28 May of the same year he received episcopal ordination. He was the first Diocesan priest for 80 years to take on the pastoral governance of the great Bavarian Archdiocese. He chose as his episcopal motto: "Cooperators of the truth". He himself explained why: "On the one hand I saw it as the relation between my previous task as professor and my new mission. In spite of different approaches, what was involved, and continued to be so, was following the truth and being at its service. On the other hand I chose that motto because in today’s world the theme of truth is omitted almost entirely, as something too great for man, and yet everything collapses if truth is missing". Paul VI made him a Cardinal with the priestly title of "Santa Maria Consolatrice al Tiburtino", during the Consistory of 27 June of the same year. In 1978 he took part in the Conclave of 25 and 26 August which elected John Paul I, who named him his Special Envoy to the III International Mariological Congress, celebrated in Guayaquil (Ecuador) from 16 to 24 September. In the month of October of the same year he took part in the Conclave that elec


Which football club does Robbie Williams make much of supporting?

How rich is Robbie Williams? | This is Money How rich is Robbie Williams? comments   In the latest in our series on how celebrities became rich and famous, we profile Robbie Williams, who today launches the first single recorded with Take That - The Flood - in 15 years. Young one: The 36-year old made it big when he was just 16 Cheeky-chappy pop star Robbie Williams once recorded a song with the lyrics 'I was a teenage millionaire'. This was a fact since Williams joined the money-spinning boy band Take That at just age 16. Maybe he should now pen a new version about his life as a thirty-something multi-millionaire. For the 36-year-old singer who made it big with Gary Barlow et al and even bigger as a solo artist, has amassed a tidy £85m fortune in the 20 years since his mum persuaded him to audition for the group, according to the Sunday Times Rich List. The megastar's earnings really began to rocket in the late 1990s and early noughties when as a solo artist he recorded chart-topping hits such as Angels, Let Me Entertain You and Rock DJ and started earning the first of his record 11 Brit Awards. But Williams, who has temporarily and with great fanfare rejoined Take That, is about to top up his already hefty hoard with an estimated £15m. This is his share of the £75m likely to be generated from the Progress reunion album, due to be released in November, and next year's related worldwide tour. In the old days of Take That, Williams earned what now appears quite modest total pay of between £1m to £5m, depending on which reports you read. After he fell out with lead singer Barlow and left the group in 1995, Williams initially slipped into drink and drugs and also in to £500,000 of debt, he admitted recently. Do that: Robbie's mum persuaded him to audition for Take That But the Stoke-on-Trent born singer pulled himself together and paired up professionally with song writer Guy Chambers in the late 1990s, who helped him on the road to solo stardom with a string of hits. His commercial success was confirmed with his first solo album Life Thru A Lens in 1997 which went eight times platinum and included the Angels track, a ballad that fans now frequently choose to play at births, marriages and funerals or as Williams describes it, his 'hatch, match, dispatch' hit.   ›› How to get rich slowly but surely - 8 steps to fix your finances permanently   In 2002 he signed his now infamous £80m four-album deal with EMI, declaring at the time 'I'm rich beyond my wildest dreams', a comment he now claims to regret as embarrassing - but it is nevertheless true. Since then Williams has been paid his salary through his own company In Good Company. Whilst most of his records brought success and riches, Williams struck a low point artistically with his Rudebox album in 2006, according to critics, and he now blames its failure on the fact he was suffering a mystery illness at the time. Despite that, it still sold millions of copies and the tour that accompanied its release earned £32m, making it one of his most successful years financially. His creative confidence took a knock and he spent a bizarre two years pursuing his interest in alien-spotting in California deserts rather than writing music in the studio. The charismatic crooner, who is well and truly back in the limelight, is now nearing the end of his EMI contract although it is unclear what his next lucrative move might be or with which record company. Eye-popping: Megastar's earnings rocketed with chart-topping solo hits like Rock DJ Meanwhile, to counter claims that his career has been running out of steam, Williams is boosting his profile at every opportunity and making hay while the Take That hay shines. He has a greatest hits album In And Out of Consciousness coming out shortly and he has released the Shame duet with Barlow, a homage to their patched up friendship. And then there's the reunion album, from which a single will be released in a bid to gain the profitable Christmas number one spot.   Most popular tool today: Best Isas (top rate edges up to 2.8%)   Williams has worked h


For which London football club did Rod Stewart have an unsuccessful trial?

THAT ROD STEWART AND FOOTBALL THING — IBWM Comment So did any clubs ever say 'Stay with me'?........apologies, that was unecessary, here's Rob Langham.... When Rod Stewart pitched up at Heathrow recently sporting an electric green Celtic Football Club tracksuit, it begged the question as to whether the man had ever been properly fashionable? Sort of. Stewart is after all, about to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the second time – that august but faintly ridiculous Cleveland institution recognising his work with the Faces – the band formed out of the ashes of The Small Faces and Jeff Beck Group back in 1969. That feathercut might lend him the aspect of a demented bantam now, but for a time Stewart existed at the epicentre of the London mod scene – his threads mirroring the fashion sense of the band he was to join. Even now, one could point grudgingly to his twenty first century skin tight jeans, if they weren’t cream-coloured of course. As the great philosopher once said, ‘I like to go out two or three times a week and sometimes I get barnet done...it’s still my own hair, you know. Which is more than can be said for Elton. Bald bugger. That’s a typical statement from Stewart – a man who is never going to jostle with shrinking violets for house room. As the Faces grew in popularity, the archetypal seventies rock star was born eventually emerging as a solo artist megastar, fathering eight kids from five different relationships, hanging out in Los Angeles and perpetrating various crimes against music. The royalties from such ditties as ‘Sailing’ and ’Baby Jane’ will have been satisfying to receive and if a couple of his songs, ‘Maggie May’ most prominently, have stood time’s tribulations in the critical sense, will there have been a moment of ruefulness that an alternative career should have been taken? Because like the aforementioned Reg Dwight of Pinner, Stewart is a nothing short of a soccer nut. Gigs still commence with the kicking of footballs into the crowd, the Celtic crest appears proudly on bass drum heads and at a recent concert in Australia, he requested that a telly be stationed alongside the stage so he could keep an eye on the Bhoys cup tie with Inverness Caley Thistle. A pensioner watching the idiot box hardly constitutes news of course, but the passion is there. A February article in When Saturday Comes lamented the way the internet had put an end to the phenomenon of the football fantasist – you know, the barber who was once on Millwall’s books, the taxi driver who once ‘had a trial’ for Spurs. But leaving aside Brentford Football Club’s failure to remember the fact, enough evidence would point to Stewart’s genuine presence as an apprentice at Griffin Park at the dawn of the swinging sixties, having graduated from a Middlesex schoolboys side. Legend has it that the experience ended due to an aversion to cleaning boots. Countless celebrity matches attest to his skills – even if the original ferociously tackling centre half of lore has been replaced by a more wispy presence. Stewart is very much on the ‘Tarby’ circuit when it comes to such events but he’s no Boris Johnson with the round ball – this man can play. Nor is he slow to come forward as a supporter. He has stayed loyal to a family background that saw his father and two elder brothers form a local club, Highgate Redwings (the Detroit analogy perhaps an uncanny hint at the future mid-Atlanticism their bairn would embrace) and which had emigrated to North London from Scotland. Stewart’s rasp is more Sean Dyche than fellow Parkhead season placeholder Billy Connolly though. It must have been to his eternal chagrin that he was the one English born member of a family so he has spent the intervening 67 years emphasizing his Scottishness. For a time, he was an integral part of the Tartan Army home and away, most notably at the 1978 World Cup in Argentina – Scotland’s elevation to one of the world’s top 16 spots obfuscated by Peru and Iran; a late heroic effort against future finalists the Dutch proving insufficient. The nation produced play


In which county is Malin Head, the most northerly point in all Ireland?

Northern Headlands: Wild Atlantic Way | Ireland.com Discover the drama of the Wild Atlantic Way Malin Head, County Donegal Untouched, off-radar and crying out for exploration, this rugged and remote area marks the northwestern contour of the Wild Atlantic Way. Nature is the star here, from the sheer granite walls of some of Europe’s highest sea cliffs at Slieve League, to Northern Lights dancing in clear winter skies. But there's warmth and wit to be found among the vibrant, Irish-speaking community. This is a place that will lift your spirit. Malin Head Malin Head is at the very tip of the Inishowen Peninsula , Ireland’s most northerly point. Over millions of years the wild Atlantic has carved dramatic crevices into the rugged headland, such as Hell’s Hole – a long, deep, narrow chasm where the swells below churn and roar. About 16km (10 miles) north of the village of Malin is Banba’s Crown, named after one of the mythical queens of Ireland, which offers panoramic views of this magnificent coast.


Which is the only county in the Republic of Ireland whose name begins with a vowel?

Irish Place Names and their Evolution Evolution of Placenames Components    of Irish Placenames If you spend time studying a fairly detailed map of Ireland, it becomes clear    that there are sounds and parts of words that appear over and over again in many    placenames. This is true of any culture (eg English -borough, -pool, -ham, -cester,    -town; French -ville, German -burg). Ireland is no exception,    except that its placenames can trace their ancestry to three language families: Gaelic,    English and Viking. If you have the name of an Irish placename, it is often possible to work out its    origins. Many of them are made up of descriptions of the neighbourhood. For example, if    there are two features, say lakes, close together, the larger one will often have -more in its name, and the smaller one -beg. Human structures also find their way into    names: droichead is a bridge, and dun is a fortress. Many others are    named after people, usually the lords who owned the lands on which they were built.    Castledawson and Manorhamilton are examples. A word of caution, however. A large number of Gaelic words    sound similar, and in many cases the Anglicisation of Gaelic placenames has confused the    spelling, making it look as if a placename means one thing when it actually means    something completely different. Too many people fall into the trap of taking the English    spelling, looking it up in an Irish dictionary and assuming they have the right meaning. This is a list of some of the more common placename components in Ireland: Ard Signifies a high place in Gaelic languages. This ususally means a    physically high place, but it can also mean a place of importance. For example: the Ards    Peninsula (county Down), Ardstraw [A high, or important, rath] (county Tyrone), Ardfert    (county Kerry). A few places seem to be an 'Ard', but are actually not. For example, Ardee    (county Louth) is actually an abbreviation of the older name 'Atherdee', where 'Dee' is    the name of the river on which it stands. Bally, Ballyna, Ballina Bally is an extremely common prefix to town names in Ireland, and is    derived from the Gaelic phrase 'Baile na', meaning 'place of'. It is not quite right to    translate it 'town of', as there were few, if any, towns in Ireland at the time these    names were formed. For example, Ballyjamesduff [Place of James Duff] (county Cavan),    Ballymoney (county Londonderry). The Irish name for the site of present-day Dublin was    'Baile �tha Cliath', which, if anglicised, would be spelt something like 'Ballycleeagh'.    Note that 'Dublin' is actually a Viking word. ...beg This means 'small' in Gaelic. Usually used at the end of a name, this    often means that this feature is the smaller of a pair of adjacent features. A similar    name ending in 'more' is often found nearby. For example, Killybegs (county Donegal),    Lambeg (county Antrim). North of Lough Neagh, Ireland's largest lake, is a much smaller    lake called Lough Beg. ..bridge When found at the end of a name, this means that the town developed beside    a bridge, or became famous as a bridging point. These town names are usually of English    language origin. For example, Banbridge (county Down) which grew up around a bridge over    the river Bann. Newbridge (county Kildare) grew up when a bridge over the Liffey was built    at that point. (Newbridge is increasingly being called Droichead Nua, which is a    Gaelicised version of the original English name.) This illustrates the importance of    bridges to trade. Carrick, Carrig Carrick means 'rock' in Gaelic languages, and Carricks are abundant across    Ireland. For example Carrickfergus [Rock of Fergus] (county Antrim), Carrickmacross [Rock    of MacRoss] (county Monaghan), Carrick-on-Suir (county Tipperary). Castle A prefix whose origins are in the English language. Towns with this name    once, and in a few cases still do, have a castle. For example Castlede


What is the name of the Teletubbies’ vacuum cleaner-like housekeeper and guardian?

Slendytubbies | More Slender Games Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia More Slender Games Wiki Share Slendytubbies is an online horror game which is the result of the combination of the popular TV show for kids known as "Teletubbies" and the scariest game of the year 2012, "Slender: The Eight Pages". It features two modes: Singleplayer and Multiplayer. Objective: The Objective of the game is to collect all ten bowls of Tellytubby Custards before Tinky Winky, also known as the 'Slendytubby' kills you. Similar to Slender: The Eight Pages, the more custards you collect, the more the difficulty of getting caught increases. Characters: TINKY WINKY (SLENDYTUBBY), the main antagonist of the game, is the oldest and tallest of the Tellytubbies in the show. He is dressed in Purple with an upside down triangle as his antenna. Unlike his show counterpart, however, he's face resembles a grey humanoid face, with empty eye sockets and a wide, screaming mouth with visible teeth. His job is to find you, and basically plays the role of Slenderman. To aid you, the frame of your screen flashes black when Tinky Winky approaches you. However, as he nears you, he lets out an ear piercing scream. Looking at him for too long will result in death, ending your game and resetting your Custard score to zero he kills because he feels like it PO Po Po is a Teletubby dressed in red and sports a circle as his antenna. She is the smallest and youngest of the Teletubbies in the show, however, in Slendytubbies, Po has a blank face with no eyes, no nose, and no mouth, similar like Slenderman. What IS seen on Po's face, is several blood splatters, and the red Teletubby's TV appears to be shattered. Despite all of this, what's most notable about this Teletubby is that Po is hanging herself on a tree with help from a rope. Although it is quite a sight to see, bellow her is a Custard, and the hanging Po does nothing to jumpscare the player. She is female, but mistaken for male. LAA-LAA The player found Dead Laa Laa Laa-Laa is a Teletubby dressed in yellow with a spring-like object that serves as her antenna. In the show, she is kind and looks out for others, and her hobbies include singing and dancing. In Slendytubbies, Laa-Laa is found by the lake, and, much like the others, is also found dead. However, if the player looks at the dead yellow Teletubby, Laa-Laa will rise from the dead and attempt to jumpscare the player. As she gets up, she will look around for a brief moment before laying back down again. It is unknown if she dies after this event, but if the player tries to go near her afterwards, she will not get up again. Like Po, there is a Custard near her. DIPSY Dipsy is a Teletubby that is dressed in green, and has an antenna that resembles a dipstick, hench his name. In the show, Dispy has darker skinned compared to all the other Teletubbies. Also in the show, it is seen that he is the most stubborn of the cast and will sometimes refuse to go along with the Teletubbies' group opinion. Despite this, Dipsy can also be lighthearted. In Slendytubbies, Dipsy is found inside the Teletubby House on the floor. Unlike the others, Dipsy has been decapitated as his head lays a few inches infront of his body, consumed in a large layer of blood that has been splattered all over the floor. Just like Po and Laa-Laa, Dipsy is also accompanied by a Custard. He is male, but mistaken for female. NOO-NOO ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Markiplier Playing Slendytubbies. Noo-Noo is a vacuum cleaner-like object and is the only character in the game that isn't a Teletubby. In the show, he is both the Teletubbies' guardian and housekeeper. If Noo-Noo gets annoyed by the Teletubbies' actions and antics, the vacuum cleaner will suck up their food and toys. In Slendytubbies, many information about Noo-Noo lacks. He is seen alongside a dead Dipsy in the Teletubby House, and, unlike the rest of the cast, is the only one surprisingly not dead. He is seen spinning in circles, probably mailfunctioning due to Tinky Winky's backstabbing. WHITE TELETUBB


In which English city are Park Hill Flats, the largest listed building in Europe?

Park Hill, Sheffield - project information | Urban Splash Read what Park Hill is all about What is Park Hill? Read what Park Hill is all about Park Hill is going to be like no other  place. Iconic is an overused term, but it really does apply to Park Hill.  Completed in 1961, the Grade II* Listed Park Hill (the largest Listed  structure in Europe) is a landmark on the Sheffield skyline atop one of the  city's seven hills immediately to the east of the mainline railway station  and city centre.It already has  character and we want to create a world class landscape, inside and outside  its walls. Urban Splash is working with a great design team of architects  (Hawkins-Brown and Studio Egret West) and our public partners – Sheffield  City Council, Transform South Yorkshire, Homes and Communities Agency,  English Heritage and Great Places - to bring love, life  and pride back to this iconic project and make it a genuinely vibrant and  sustainable community for the 21st century. The great thing about Park Hill is that it's flexible to suit your needs.  Instead of us breaking up the space available into different sizes, we've  left it for you to decide. You know best how your space will work for your  business, and Park Hill can offer you flexible space from 500 sq ft to 21,500  sq ft. Park Hill has always been about the community, and the community is  what makes it a place. There will be 263 new apartments in the space above on completion of the  first phase. They will all love to have wonderful neighbours downstairs. A  real mix in the ingredients of a proper place for residents and visitors  alike: a 'high street' of local services – butchers, newsagents,  greengrocers, chippy- a doctor's and dentist's, a new home for the fantastic  Grace Owen children's nursery, some great bars, pubs and cafes to make the  most of the great views over the city, a village hall and a village green  complete with oak tree, plus new workspace for businesses, artists or  students, as well as dedicated secure provision for carparking. Call our commercial team now to register your interest in Park Hill, we can  make it work for you! Commercial Update >


Which EU country’s national anthem, “The Royal March”, has no official words?

Spain National Anthem English lyrics - YouTube Spain National Anthem English lyrics Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on May 12, 2010 La marcha real ("The Royal March") is the national anthem of Spain. It is one of the few national anthems in the world to have no official lyrics. The origins of the anthem, one of the oldest in the world, are unknown. The melody was first printed in a document dated 1761 and entitled Libro de Ordenanza de los toques militares de la Infantería Española (The Spanish Infantry's Book of Military Bugle Calls), by Manuel de Espinosa. Here it is entitled La Marcha Granadera ("March of the Grenadiers"), though no composer's name is given. In 1770, King Carlos III declared the Marcha Granadera to be the official "Honour March", thereby according it a place at public and ceremonial events. Because it was always played at public events attended by the royal family, Spaniards soon came to regard the Marcha Granadera as their national anthem and called it the Marcha Real, or "Royal March". Under the Second Spanish Republic (19311939), El Himno de Riego replaced La Marcha Real as the national anthem of Spain. At the conclusion of the Civil War, however, dictator Francisco Franco restored La Marcha Real as the country's national anthem, under its old title of La Marcha Granadera. Franco lyrics: Viva España, alzad los brazos, hijos del pueblo español, Gloria a la Patria que supo seguir, sobre el azul del mar el caminar del sol. Gloria a la Patria que supo seguir, sobre el azul del mar el caminar del sol. ¡Triunfa España! Los yunques y las ruedas cantan al compás del himno de la fe. ¡Triunfa España! Los yunques y las ruedas cantan al compás del himno de la fe. Juntos con ellos cantemos de pie la vida nueva y fuerte del trabajo y paz. Juntos con ellos cantemos de pie la vida nueva y fuerte del trabajo y paz. Viva España, alzad los brazos, hijos del pueblo español, Viva España, alzad los brazos, hijos del pueblo español, Gloria a la Patria que supo seguir, sobre el azul del mar el caminar del sol. Gloria a la Patria que supo seguir, sobre el azul del mar el caminar del sol. English Translation: Long live Spain, raise your arms, sons of the Spanish people, Glory to the Fatherland that knew how to follow, over the blue of the sea the path of the sun. Glory to the Fatherland that knew how to follow, over the blue of the sea the path of the sun. Spain triumphs! The anvils and wheels sing to the rhythm of the hymn of the faith. Spain triumphs! The anvils and wheels sing to the rhythm of the hymn of the faith. Together with them let's stand and sing the new powerful life of labour and peace. Together with them let's stand and sing the new powerful life of labour and peace. Long live Spain, raise your arms, sons of the Spanish people, Long Live Spain, raise your arms, sons of the Spanish people, Glory to the Fatherland that knew how to follow, over the blue of the sea the path of the sun. Glory to the Fatherland that knew how to follow, over the blue of the sea the path of the sun. Category


Mercenary soldiers from which country were described as “Wild Geese”?

A Brief History of the Mercenary - Soldier of Fortune - and Contractors. A Brief History of the Mercenary - Soldier of Fortune - and Contractors Still under construction and adding new information as it comes in Over the years Mercenary work has been regarded as the second oldest profession in the world. Quote. Although some might argue that it is a peculiarly male version of prostitution, it has effectively been around for as long as war has been waged. Unquote As referred to by Peter Tickler in the introduction to his book ‘The Modern Mercenary’ published by Patrick Stephens Ltd 1987 ISBN No 0-82059-8125. Well worth a read. ........................................ Quote The armed forces of many nations have, at one time or another, used foreign volunteers who were motivated by political, ideological or other considerations to join a foreign army. These may be formed into units of a given nationality or may be formed into mixed nationality foreign units. Sometimes foreign volunteers were incorporated into ordinary units. The practice has a long history, dating back at least as far as the Roman Empire, which recruited non-citizens into Auxiliary units on the promise of them receiving Roman citizenship for themselves and their descendents at the end of their service. Unquote  Source Wiki ........................................... A tactic used by Alexandra the Great (356-323BC) was to employ mercenaries to work and fight alongside his men to pass on their trade. These were foreign nationals in high demand for the specific skills that they possessed, and they were well paid for their work. ........................................... It’s a recorded fact that Hannibal (248–181BC) used mercenaries in his army. He trained more than just battle-hardened veterans.  He took an army of mercenaries, men that came from all over the known world, and moulded them into a tough fighting force, and one of the first professional armies in the world.  If you have good training, you don't expect to have 16 or 32 rows of men behind you in battle.  You know that as long as you have basic support, you can stand your ground. That fact helped to free up men who would otherwise be at the back of the phalanx. The phalanx is the name given to a particular military formation. The credit for having developed this formation goes to Alexander's father Philip II. The phalanx is a box formation made up of infantry soldiers. The number of men may vary from eight to thirty six. The men who made up the front ranks were required to carry spears measuring at least twelve feet in length. It was essential that all of them carried the spears in an upright position. This would create a wall of spears. Besides looking very formidable this formation had another function. The wall of spears served to conceal what was going on inside the formation. The soldiers inside could take aim and kill the enemies without disturbance, as they themselves would be practically invisible. And if the long spears were held horizontally then enemies could be killed from a safe distance. The phalanx was considered a very revolutionary development and was a very useful and potent strategy. The men used for this formation were given thorough and continuous practice in the form of drills. All the practice made them perfect in their job. This formation was to be used by many later armies and adapted further to suite other conditions of battle. ........................................... The Romans made full use of mercenaries wherever possible. It’s recorded in several places in British history how the Romans took young villages into pressed service with their Auxiliary units. In return and providing that the villages did not complain and fight against the Romans, they were left in relevant peace. Once the press ganged villager had served a term of around 20 years they were allowed home and in some cases ended up in prominent positions. There are also records to prove that some of them were allowed to go to Rome and were even granted Roman cit


Which major US city’s metropolitan area is clustered around Puget Sound?

Puget Sound Cities and Towns - Go Northwest! A Travel Guide Note: You will find cities and towns for other regions and areas  of Washington State by going to our Washington Cities page . Go Northwest! Bookstore  Click  here! Benchmark Washington Road & Recreation Atlas, 6th Edition by Benchmark Map. Field-checked Landscape Maps(tm) show complete road detail. The revised recreation guide is organized by categories such as attractions and activities. The metro map section covers the greater Seattle-Tacoma area. Order now... Biking   Puget Sound: 60 Rides from Olympia to the San Juans, 2nd Edition by Bill Thorness.   This Mountaineers book highlights 60 of the best routes with amazing scenery along with the Handy at a Glance chart  including the routes features, difficulty level, length, elevation gain, time and points of interest. Order now... Natural History of Puget Sound Country by Arthur R. Kruckeberg.  Explore the history of the Puget Sound beginning with how ice ages and vulcanism shaped  the land. Learn about the flora, fauna, climate and special habitats  through descriptions, photos and drawings. Order now... A  Complete Guide To The Lighthouses on Puget Sound Including Admiralty  Inlet by Christopher Petrich. Full featured companion guide to the Puget Sound  lighthouses featuring history, locations and hours, maps, driving directions and  photographs. Order now... Ghost Hunter's Guide to Seattle by Jeff Dwyer.  This book features encounters with apparitions from the unique history of Seattle and locations in the  Puget Sound. Included are detailed descriptions and historical  backgrounds of natural disasters, tragedies, ghostly legends and lore. Order now... We appreciate your orders. They help keep Go Northwest! online.


Which material when crushed for recycling is known as “cullet”?

Waste Glass - Material Description - User Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction - FHWA-RD-97-148 User Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction Publication Number: FHWA-RD-97-148 Material Description ORIGIN Glass is a product of the supercooling of a melted liquid mixture consisting primarily of sand (silicon dioxide) and soda ash (sodium carbonate) to a rigid condition, in which the supercooled material does not crystallize and retains the organization and internal structure of the melted liquid. When waste glass is crushed to sandlike particle sizes, similar to those of natural sand, it exhibits properties of an aggregate material. In 1994 approximately 9.2 million metric tons (10.2 million tons) of postconsumer glass was discarded in the municipal solid waste stream in the United States. Approximately 8.1 million metric tons (8.9 million tons) or 80 percent of this waste glass was container glass.(1)   CURRENT MANAGEMENT OPTIONS Recycling Over the past decade, there have been widespread efforts to recover postconsumer glass. Bottle bill legislation, which provides for deposits during purchase of containers and deposit bottle returns at retail outlets, has been introduced in some states, but more often glass recovery and recycling have been attempted through the collection of waste glass at recycling centers or Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs). MRFs are facilities that are designed to sort, store, and market municipal solid waste recyclables that are collected at the curb (source-separated materials). Curbside separation of glass involves homeowner or apartment dweller separation of container glass (or glass commingled with other recyclables such as ferrous and aluminum cans and plastic containers) in preparation for the transport of these materials to the MRF. Some communities that do not have curbside collection offer waste glass drop-off locations for collection. At most MRFs, waste glass is hand-sorted by color (white, amber, and green), and crushed for size reduction (generally to less than 50 mm (2 in) in size). Crushed (color-sorted) glass, which is commonly referred to as cullet, is marketed in most locales as a raw material for use in the manufacture of new glass containers. Traditionally, glass recycling has involved the collection and sorting of glass by color for use in the manufacture of new glass containers. Recycling postconsumer glass from the municipal solid waste stream for use as a raw material in new glass products is limited, however, by the high cost of collection and processing (hand sorting) of waste glass,(2,3) and specifications that limit impurities (e.g., ceramics, ferrous metal, paper, plastics and mixed-colored cullet) in the glass production process. In addition, during collection and handling of glass, high percentages of glass breakage (30 to 60 percent)(4) limit the quantity of glass that can actually be recovered using hand-sorting practices. Given these limitations, traditional glass recycling rates have been relatively low. Disposal The EPA has estimated that in 1994 approximately 9.1 million metric tons (10.1 million tons) or 77 percent of the waste glass generated in the United States was landfilled.(1)   MARKET SOURCES Figure 20-1 provides a schematic representation of the flow of container glass in the United States along with potential recycling options. In most cases, mixed-colored waste glass can be obtained by contacting the municipality that is responsible for the collection of recyclables or the MRF operator. The quality of waste glass obtained from MRFs, which collect and process glass from municipal recycling collection districts, can vary widely and can contain dirt, paper, and plastics. Glass gradation can also vary widely. It can range in top size from 25 mm (1 in) to 100 mm (4 in). The exact physical characteristics of the glass from any given source will depend on the processing equipment (e.g., crushing and screening equipment) at the MRF and the degree of processing afforded the mixed colored glass.