As at at 2012 Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao are/were president and premier of which country?

What did Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao do for China? - BBC News BBC News What did Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao do for China? By Kerry Brown Professor of Chinese politics, University of Sydney 14 March 2013 Close share panel Image caption Tackling inequality proved a tough task for Mr Hu (L) and Mr Wen A decade ago, immediately after Hu Jintao had been appointed Communist Party leader, he went down to a village in Hebei. Making such a place the destination for one of his earliest "investigative inspections" was interpreted as an attempt to reconnect with the party grassroots, and to demonstrate that the new leadership were earnest in wanting to do something about inequality. Inequality was seen as being something that had been rising over the previous decade as the country emerged even further from its state-led economic model of the past and was getting close to unsustainable levels. In 2013, when we look back at the Hu and Wen period, we can see that this aspiration was bold, and no doubt well-meant, but China is as unequal a place now as it was then. The best that can be said for Mr Hu and his premier, Wen Jiabao, is that in their final three years in power, the country stabilised inequality even if it didn't reign it in. But the grand talk at one party meeting in 2005 of moving towards addressing broader development objectives as opposed to narrowly economic ones looks misplaced now. Growth first As Mr Hu retires from public life in China, this failure to do much about such a critical area raises the more general question of what, in the end, his achievement really was. Image caption The leadership appeared united as former high-flier Bo Xilai fell from grace Answering this is not easy. The things that he did were the results of painstaking political work and administrative patience. This crucial but unexciting stuff usually fails to excite anyone, even historians. In the long term therefore we may well view the Hu and Wen period as a great success. It made China a truly wealthy and significant country, saw off the threats of the economic crisis in 2008, and managed to build up national esteem and importance. The political elite remained unified enough to see through a tricky leadership change, despite needing to sacrifice one of their members - Bo Xilai. Mr Hu was able to create consensus over this period and to maintain the Party's privileged place in society. Mr Hu and Mr Wen were also able to maintain growth over this period in ways which were indisputable and visible. China is now four times larger as an economy than it was in 2002. It has risen on almost every major indicator. It is an economic superpower, whatever its geopolitical status. Those who travel through China today see a country almost awash with activity, from infrastructure to housing, to rising car usage, to the emergence of a middle class in the main cities as consumption-driven as anywhere else on the planet. Consensus builder Image caption Mr Hu (3rd left) may find his legacy lies in the hands of his successors Mr Hu and Mr Wen also presided over an era of crises which they were able to manage and contain. They dealt with the snow storms of early 2008, the impact of the collapse of exports in 2009, the uprisings in Tibet and Xinjiang in 2008 and 2009 respectively, and the scandal around the fall of Bo Xilai and his wife in 2012. Through all this, Mr Hu was the great consensus builder, almost pathologically tedious in his public statements, but someone amorphous enough in their public persona to never side too obviously with any group in the party against another so that it risked causing schism. Mr Wen performed the function of faithful implementer, the reassuringly human face of the modern Chinese elite, holding the banner of reform up towards the end in ways which granted hope, even though they lacked practical details. But in terms of a single historically significant event in this period, something like entry to the World Trade Organization in 2001 under the previous leaders, the Hu and Wen period is oddly sparse. The Beijing Olympics was important a


Behind Wal-Mart, Carrefour, and Tesco, what corporation is the fourth largest retail group (by turnover, at 2012) in the world?

Background Of Tesco Free Essays Background Of Tesco Tesco is a retailing industry, its headquarters are in Cheshunt, Brouxbourne, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. It has 5,380 stores, located in... USA, UK, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Turkey, India, Thailand, Malaysia, China, Japan, South Korea, Ireland, and Czech Republic. They sell groceries, consumer goods, financial services and telecoms. Customer service is a service that Tesco provides so if their customers are having any problems, complains, complaints or need help they can go to the customer... Complaint, Customer, Customer service 972  Words | 3  Pages Tesco Tesco background information:  founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen  a British multinational corporation (MNC) grocery and general... merchandise retailer headquartered in UK  third-largest in the world (after Walmart and Carrefour)  has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America, Malaysia, the Republic of Ireland and Thailand  four store formats: large superstores, large stores with limited non-food offerings, regular supermarkets, and Tesco Express convenience stores. Q1 - Tesco... Demography, Hypermarket, Marketing 910  Words | 4  Pages Tesco inclusion to provide better service PEOPLE Introduction Tesco is the UK’s leading retailer, serving millions of customers every day. It... also employs more people than any other company, with over 300,000 employees in the UK. With almost 3,000 stores, Tesco has a presence in every major town and generated revenues of over £42 billion in 2011/12. Stores range from the convenient town centre Metro and Express formats, to larger Extra stores. Tesco provides banking, insurance and telecommunications services... Affirmative action, Age groups in Scouting and Guiding, Disability 2157  Words | 7  Pages Tesco [pic] History Background Tesco plc is a British-based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain. It... is the largest British retailer by both global sales and domestic market share with profits exceeding £3 billion. It is currently the third largest global retailer based on revenue, behind Wal-Mart and France's Carrefour but second largest based on profit, ahead of Carrefour. Originally specialising in food and drink, it has diversified into areas such as clothing, consumer... Charoen Pokphand, Delicatessen, Grocery store 1343  Words | 6  Pages Tesco dari perusahaan "TESCO" : Faktor Pemimpin dan Manusia Tesco Sepanjang perjalanannya, Tesco memiliki beberapa... individual yang sangat fenomenal dan dapat mewarnai jiwa dari Tesco sendiri. Individual ini adalah individual yang memiliki kecerdasan, kepemimpinan, keterampilan Inovatif, dan semangat entrepreneurship yang kemudian memang dibutuhkan pada saat mereka memimpin sehingga kelebihan-kelebihan ini dapat dimaksimalkan dengan baik untuk kepentingan dan keberlanjutan perusahaan Tesco. Diantaranya adalah... 643  Words | 3  Pages Tesco Referencing for tesco ------------------------------------------------- References    1. ^ a b c d e f "Preliminary Results 2011/12". 18... April 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2012.    2. ^ Tesco PLC (2012). "Tesco PLC Annual Review and Summary Financial Statement 2012" (PDF). Tesco PLC Annual Review and Summary Financial Statement 2012. Tesco PLC. Retrieved 26 August 2012.    3. ^ Tesco Stores Limited (1997–2012). "Tesco.com Terms & Conditions". Tesco.com. Tesco Stores Limited. Retrieved... 1966, 1967, 1973 2485  Words | 7  Pages Tesco Overview of Company Tesco Public Listed Company is an international supermarket chain where is located in United Kingdom and the founder of... Tesco was Jack Cohen. It is not only the largest retailer in United Kingdom as well as international. Basically, Tesco is specialising in fast moving consumer good. It is selling food and non-food products. Besides that, Tesco started to make a breakthrough by opening more companies in 1994. Subsequently, in the year ending February 2005 its international operations... Amazon.com, Discovery shopping, Electronic commerce 2806  Words | 7  Pages Tesco TESCO Digital marketing st


What organ of the body has a pericardium, pulmonary trunk, and superior vena cava?

The Pericardium - TeachMeAnatomy The Pericardium Last Updated: August 18, 2016 Revisions: 36 © 2015-2017 TeachMeAnatomy.com [CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0] Fig 1.0 – Orange peel and the pericardium, not much in common? If the heart is the fun, interesting inside bit of an orange, the pericardium could be compared to the peel around it. Like peel, it can seem vaguely unexciting – that is until you learn some of its very important (appeeling. ahem.) physiological functions 1. In scientific terms, the pericardium is a fibroserous, fluid filled sack that surrounds the muscular body of the heart and the roots of the great vessels (the aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and the superior and inferior vena cava). This article will give an outline of its functions, structure, innervation and its clinical significance. Functions The pericardium has many physiological roles, the most important of which are detailed below Fixes the heart in the mediastinum and limits its motion – this is due to its attachment to the diaphragm, the sternum and the tunica adventitia (outer layer) of the great vessels Prevents overfilling of the heart – The relatively inextensible fibrous layer of the pericardium prevents the heart from increasing in size too rapidly, thus placing a physical limit on the potential size of the organ Lubrication – A thin film of fluid between the two layers of the serous pericardium reduces the friction generated by the heart as it moves within the thoracic cavity Protection from infection – The fibrous pericardium serves as a physical barrier between the muscular body of the heart and adjacent organs prone to infection, such as the lungs. © 2015-2017 TeachMeAnatomy.com [CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0] Fig 1.4 – Anterior view of the pericardium. Note the attachments to the diaphragm, and the roots of the great vessels. Anatomical Structure The pericardium is made up of two main layers – a tough external layer known as the fibrous pericardium, and a thin, internal layer known as the serous pericardium (to overextend the orange metaphor, the outer peel could be thought of as the fibrous layer, with the inner white stuff being the serous layer). Fibrous Pericardium Continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm, the fibrous pericardium is made of tough connective tissue and is relatively non-distensible. This rigidity prevents rapid overfilling of the heart, but can have several serious clinical consequences (see cardiac tamponade). Serous Pericardium Enclosed within the fibrous pericardium, the serous pericardium is itself divided into two layers – the outer parietal layer which lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium and the internal visceral layer which forms the outer layer of the heart (also known as the epicardium). Each layer is made up of a single sheet of epithelial cells, known as mesothelium. Found between the outer and inner serous layers, is the pericardial cavity, which contains a small amount of lubricating serous fluid. This fluid serves to minimize the friction generated by the heart as it contracts and moves about within the thoracic cavity. © 2015-2017 TeachMeAnatomy.com [CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0] Fig 1.0 – Overview of the layers of the heart wall. The order of these layers can be easily remembered using the acronym Fart Police Smell Villains. F – Fibrous layer of the pericardium P – Parietal layer of the serous pericardium S – Serous fluid V – Visceral layer of the serous pericardium Clinical Relevance: Transverse Pericardial Sinus Formed as a result of the embryological folding of the heart tube, the transverse pericardial sinus is a passage through the pericardial cavity. It is located: Posteriorly to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. Anteriorly to the superior vena cava. Superior to the left atrium. In this position, the transverse pericardial sinus separates the arterial vessels (aorta, pulmonary trunk) and the venous vessels (superior vena cava, pulmonary veins) of the heart. This can be used to identify and subsequently ligate the arteries of the heart during coronary artery bypass grafting. © 2015-2017 T


Who succeeded Joseph Stalin as leader of the Sovient Union?

Joseph Stalin - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Joseph Stalin’s Early Years and Family Joseph Stalin was born Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili on December 18, 1878, or December 6, 1878, according to the Old Style Julian calendar (although he later invented a new birth date for himself: December 21, 1879), in the small town of Gori, Georgia , then part of the Russian empire. When he was in his 30s, he took the name Stalin, from the Russian for “man of steel.” Did You Know? In 1925, the Russian city of Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad. In 1961, as part of the de-Stalinization process, the city, located along Europe's longest river, the Volga, became known as Volgograd. Today, it is one of Russia's largest cities and a key industrial center. Stalin grew up poor and an only child. His father was a shoemaker and alcoholic who beat his son, and his mother was a laundress. As a boy, Stalin contracted smallpox, which left him with lifelong facial scars. As a teen, he earned a scholarship to attend a seminary in the nearby city of Tblisi and study for the priesthood in the Georgian Orthodox Church. While there he began secretly reading the work of German social philosopher and “Communist Manifesto” author Karl Marx , becoming interested in the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy. In 1899, Stalin was expelled from the seminary for missing exams, although he claimed it was for Marxist propaganda. After leaving school, Stalin became an underground political agitator, taking part in labor demonstrations and strikes. He adopted the name Koba, after a fictional Georgian outlaw-hero, and joined the more militant wing of the Marxist Social Democratic movement, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin . Stalin also became involved in various criminal activities, including bank heists, the proceeds from which were used to help fund the Bolshevik Party. He was arrested multiple times between 1902 and 1913, and subjected to imprisonment and exile in Siberia. In 1906, Stalin married Ekaterina “Kato” Svanidze (1885-1907), a seamstress. The couple had one son, Yakov (1907-1943), who died as a prisoner in Germany during World War II . Ekaterina perished from typhus when her son was an infant. In 1918 (some sources cite 1919), Stalin married his second wife, Nadezhda “Nadya” Alliluyeva (1901-1932), the daughter of a Russian revolutionary. They had two children, a boy and a girl. Nadezhda committed suicide in her early 30s. Stalin also fathered several children out of wedlock. Joseph Stalin’s Rise to Power In 1912, Lenin, then in exile in Switzerland, appointed Joseph Stalin to serve on the first Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party. Three years later, in November 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia. The Soviet Union was founded in 1922, with Lenin as its first leader. During these years, Stalin had continued to move up the party ladder, and in 1922 he became secretary general of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, a role that enabled him to appoint his allies to government jobs and grow a base of political support. After Lenin died in 1924, Stalin eventually outmaneuvered his rivals and won the power struggle for control of the Communist Party. By the late 1920s, he had become dictator of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union Under Joseph Stalin Starting in the late 1920s, Joseph Stalin launched a series of five-year plans intended to transform the Soviet Union from a peasant society into an industrial superpower. His development plan was centered on government control of the economy and included the forced collectivization of Soviet agriculture, in which the government took control of farms. Millions of farmers refused to cooperate with Stalin’s orders and were shot or exiled as punishment. The forced collectivization also led to widespread famine across the Soviet Union that killed millions. Stalin ruled by terror and with a totalitarian grip in order to eliminate anyone who might oppose him. He expanded the powers of the secret police, encouraged citizens to spy on one another and had millions of people kil


A dagga (duggi or dhama) is the bass element of what Indian percussion instrument?

Tabla lessons online guru | Beginners Tabla classes | Indian Tabla School Academy Tabla          Learning Free Videos » GAALC - Indian Music School - Online Tabla Class Lessons GAALC - the Global Academy of Arts, Languages and Culture, is one of the top rated international online performing arts learning school academy based at New Delhi in India offering online musical instruments training class lessons facilitated on Skype and Google Hangouts (Google Talk)as real time. one-on-one, interactive, live instrumental music learning class lessons online for the global music students. GAALC offers certificate level hobby learning courses of short term (24 months duration), regular term (36 months duration) and extended term (54 months duration) duration with modern curriculum guided online class lessons to learn performing arts - learning how to play musical instruments, voice training - vocal singing music lessons online and online dance lessons to learn dancing. GAALC music school academy conducts online instrumental music learning lessons to learn playing Indian classical musical instrument Tabla, Tabla is a popular string musical instrument and the online lessons for learning how to play Tabla are offered as Tabla beginner level lessons for beginners learning to play Tabla online, Intermediate level Tabla lessons and Advanced level Tabla lessons online. The Tabla learning course lessons curriculum - the Tabla teaching syllabus is exclusively developed for providing an effective online Tabla training to the kids, children, young adults, school / university / college students learning Tabla as a hobby and equally providing professional level Tabla training to the aspiring musicians learning to play Tabla to perform in public music concerts or musical shows as professional Tabla expert players.The online Tabla class lessons offered by GAALC are conducted by the senior, experienced and qualified Indian Tabla Gurus, the famous Tabla teachers as top online Tabla trainers, the best trained Tabla players working as the online Tabla instructors in the instrumental music faculty at GAALC music school academy in India. ABOUT TABLA PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENT: Tabla is a membranophone percussion instrument, a pair of hand drums of contrasting sizes and timbres, used in the Indian Hindustani classical music and believed to be evolved from barrel shaped drum called Pakhawaj musical instrument. The term Tabla is derived from an Arabic word, 'tabl', meaning "drum. The higher-pitched of the two Tabla drums, which is made of wood and played with the right hand is smaller in size and is referred to individually as the Tabla or as the daya (dahina or dayan, meaning “right”), Siddha or Chatto. The left hand metal drum, larger in size and has a much deeper bass tone is called Dagga, Duggi, Dhama or baya (bahina or bayan, meaning "left") and may be made of iron, aluminium, copper, steel, or clay; although brass with a nickel or chrome plate is the most common material used. Each Tabla drum has two layers of goatskin stretched across its top to provide a playing surface. The top layer is cut in a circle around the rim, and the bottom layer stretches across the entire drum. The most unique aspect of tabla is the application of an iron and rice paste that is placed in a circle on top of the drum head. That black paste called the Tabla Shyahi, a mixture of gum, soot, and iron filings affects pitch resulting in the clarity of pitch and variety of tonal possibilities unique to Tabla percussion instrument and produces a bell-like timbre. Both drums are played by seated musicians with the fingers and hand strokes, sometimes with the palm of the hand. CONSTRUCTION OF TABLA MUSICAL INSTRUMENT: The Daya Tabla drum (right hand Tabla drum) is a single-headed bass drum made from a conical piece of mostly teak and rosewood hollowed out to approximately half of its total depth and having the profile of two truncated cones bulging at the centre, the lower portion being shorter. It is about 25 cms in height and 15 cms across. Skin tension is maintain


Lye | Define Lye at Dictionary.com lye a highly concentrated, aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. 2. any solution resulting from leaching, percolation, or the like. Origin of lye Old English 900 before 900; Middle English lie, ley, Old English lēag; cognate with Dutch loog, German Lauge lye, Old Norse laug warm bath. See lave 1 Can be confused Examples from the Web for lye Expand Contemporary Examples Another discusses being bathed by her grandmother as a child with lye soap in an effort to lighten her complexion. Beyonce and the Myth of Black Beauty Allison Samuels March 1, 2012 Historical Examples If an egg dropped into the lye floated, all was well and good luck with the soap was certain. Common Science Carleton W. Washburne The ingredients are boiled in the lye until the whole has been dissolved. Common Science Carleton W. Washburne The sink and the soap and the lye that stood by itRemain; but the towel is gone past recall. British Dictionary definitions for lye Expand any solution obtained by leaching, such as the caustic solution obtained by leaching wood ash 2. a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide Word Origin Old English lēag; related to Middle Dutch lōghe, Old Norse laug bath, Latin lavāre to wash Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for lye Expand n. Old English læg, leag "lye," from Proto-Germanic *laugo (cf. Middle Dutch loghe, Dutch loog, Old High German louga, German Lauge "lye"), from PIE root *leue- "to wash" (see lave ). The substance was formerly used in place of soap, hence Old High German luhhen "to wash," Old Norse laug "hot bath, hot spring," Danish lørdag, Swedish lördag "Saturday," literally "washing-day." Chamber-lye in early Modern English was the name for urine used as a detergent. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Which Greek hero killed the 'half-man/half-bull' Minotaur?

Minotaur Minotaur (MIN-uh-tawr) The Minotaur was a monster, half-man, half-bull, that devoured sacrificial victims thrown into the Labyrinth. Born of Queen Pasiphae's god-inflicted infatuation with a bull, the Minotaur was eventually killed by Theseus. The monster is generally depicted as having the head of a bull and the body of a man. But in the Middle Ages, artists portrayed a man's head and torso on a bull's body. Here's how the Minotaur figured into the complete legend of Theseus: It was by lifting a boulder that Theseus, grandson of the king of Troezen, first proved himself a hero. Theseus was sixteen at the time. He had been raised by his grandfather and his mother, Princess Aethra. One day the princess called Theseus to her side. It was time, she said, that he learned of his father, who was ruler of a mighty kingdom. This was news to Theseus, who had been under the impression that his father was one of the gods. "Before I divulge his identity," said the princess, "you must meet the challenge your father has set you." Years ago, the king had hefted a mighty stone. Underneath he had placed something for his son to find - if he could lift the weight. Aethra guided Theseus to a forest clearing, in the midst of which was a boulder. Theseus proceeded to lift the stone easily, or so the myth-tellers generally assume. But like most myths, this one is vague about the details. According to one theory, Theseus would have had trouble with a task involving brute strength. This theory was advanced by Mary Renault in her novel The King Must Die. It is based on the tradition that Theseus invented "scientific" wrestling. This is the discipline by which even a lightweight can beat a stronger adversary by fancy footwork, trick holds and using the opponent's momentum to advantage. Theseus would have had little cause to invent such tactics if he'd been capable of beating his adversaries by sheer physical strength. Therefore one may deduce that the hero was a lightweight. So when it came to lifting boulders, Theseus was at a disadvantage. Resourcefulness, another heroic trait, must have come to his aid. He would have looked for some mechanical means to multiply his physical strength. Beneath the stone Theseus found certain tokens left by his father. His name, Aethra now revealed, was King Aegeus of Athens. Prompted by a sense of heroic destiny, Theseus set out forthwith to meet this parent he had never known. He determined to journey to Athens by land, although his mother argued for the safer route by sea. And in fact the landward route proved to be infested by an unusual number of villains, thugs and thieves. Theseus quickly adopted the credo of doing unto these bad guys what they were in the habit of doing to others. Setting out from Troezen, his birthplace, the first community of any size through which he passed was Epidaurus. Here he was waylaid by the ruffian Periphetes. Periphetes was nicknamed Corynetes or "Club-Man", after his weapon of choice, a stout length of wood wrapped in bronze to magnify its impact upon the skulls of his victims. Theseus merely snatched this implement from Periphetes and did him in with it. Some say that this incident was manufactured to account for depictions of Theseus carrying a club like his cousin Heracles, one of a number of instances on Theseus's part of heroic imitation. The next malefactor who received a dose of his own medicine was a fellow named Sinis, who used to ask passers-by to help him bend two pine trees to the ground. Why the wayfarers should have wanted to help in this activity is not disclosed. Presumably Sinis was persuasive. Once he had bent the trees, he tied his helper's wrists - one to each tree. Then he took a break. When the strain became too much, the victim had to let go, which caused the trees to snap upright and scatter portions of anatomy in all directions. Theseus turned the tables on Sinis by tying his wrists to a couple of bent pines, then letting nature and fatigue take their course. Then, not far from Athens, Theseus encountered Sciron. This famous brigand operated


Which country has (at 2012) the longest national highway in the world?

The world's longest highways - Road Traffic Technology Interstate 80 passes through 11 states in the US. The world's longest highways The majority of the world's 10 longest highways are located in the US, including the world's longest - the Pan American Highway - which spans a whopping 48,000km. Roadtraffic-technology.com lists the 10 longest highways in the world by total length. Pan American Highway The Pan American Highway, which encompasses the entire US interstate highway system, is the world's longest highway covering a length of approximately 48,000km. Made up of interconnecting highways, it connects more than 20 countries in the Americas, except for a 100km gap halfway, located between Panama and Colombia, known as the Darién Gap. The highway project was conceived in 1923 and stretches from Buenos Aries in South America to Edmonton in North America. The first portion of the highway was completed by Mexico in 1950. Mexico solely built and financed the portions of the highway extending through the country, while the sections through the smaller Central American countries were constructed with assistance from the US. Related Suppliers: Highway Infrastructure, Construction and Maintenance Highway 1, Australia Highway 1 in Australia is the world's second longest highway and the longest national highway. It covers 14,500km, comprising of interconnected highways. Highway 1 was inscribed as a national highway in 1955. It is comprised of both single and multilane roads. The route touches all the existing states in Australia, except Brisbane and Darwin, which are not directly connected. The highway shares the majority of its route with the Australian National Highway. The original route of Highway 1 proposed in 1955 was realigned in 1959, 1974 and 1998. The highway carries more than a million people a day. Trans-Siberian Highway The 11,000km long Trans-Siberian Highway is the world's third longest highway. It stretches from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok in Russia. The section of the route spanning the Asian Highway Network is called the AH6. The highway comprises of seven federal highways along the stretch, where it coincides with European route E30 and passes through Kazakhstan. The longest section of the entire highway is the Russian route M58 or the Amur Highway, a federal highway in Russia, stretching 2,100km from Chita to Khabarovsk. Trans-Canada Highway The Trans-Canada Highway, with a current overall length of approximately 7,821km, is the fourth longest highway in the world and the second longest national highway. The highway's construction commenced in 1950 and inauguration was held in 1962, although paving and other construction works continued until 1971. Total investment reached around $1bn. The highway extends east-west from Victoria in British Columbia to St. John's City in Newfoundland and Labrador. It passes through all 10 Canadian provinces and links all major cities in the country. Golden Quadrilateral Highway Network, India Comprising of a network of highways, connecting the four major Indian cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, the Golden Quadrilateral is the fifth longest highway in the world. Planning work for the 5,846km long highway was completed in 1999, construction commenced in 2001 and the highway was completed in January 2012. The highway was constructed with an investment of INR 600bn ($9.2bn) and is maintained by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways. The highway features four to six lanes along the entire route. It was constructed in four sections, each awarded to different contractors. China National Highway 010 China National Highway 010, also known as Tongsan Expressway, is 5,700km long, ranking as the sixth longest highway in the world. It is also the longest China National Highway. The highway extends from Tongjiang City in eastern Heilongjiang Province to Sanya in Hainan Province. It is one of the five north-south highways and the seventh east-west highway in China. It passes through provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin,


What is the only country whose homeland spans Africa and Asia?

The Seven Continents of the World The Seven Continents of the World   There are seven continents, or large land masses, on the planet Earth.  While they are separated by ocean today, 200 million years ago there was one supercontinent called Pangae in which all seven land masses were connected.  Pangaea started to break up into two smaller supercontinents, called Laurasia and Gondwanaland, during the Jurassic period. By the end of the Cretaceous period, the continents were separating into land masses that look like our modern-day continents.  The seven continents are:  Africa, Asia, Antarctica, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.   Africa   Africaï¿½s land mass crosses the equator and is bordered by the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.  Its highest point is Mt. Kilimanjaro at 19,340 feet and its lowest point is Lake Assal at 512 feet below sea level.  It is home to about 778,000,000 people and consists of 53 countries, the most of any continent.  This picture shows an African Elephant, the largest mammal on earth   http://geography.about.com/od/lists/a/whichcontinent.htm On which continent is Egypt? Egypt is mostly part of Africa although the Sinai Peninsula in northeastern Egypt is part of Asia.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt Egypt ( Egyptian : Kemet; Coptic : Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Kīmi; Arabic : مصر Miṣr ; Egyptian Arabic : Mï¿½ṣr), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country in North Africa that includes the Sinai Peninsula , a land bridge to Asia . Covering an area of about 1,001,450  square kilometers (386,660  sq mi ), Egypt borders Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and the Gaza Strip and Israel to the east. The northern coast borders the Mediterranean Sea and the island of Cyprus ; the eastern coast borders the Red Sea . Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa . The great majority of its estimated 78 million people (2007) live near the banks of the Nile River in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi) where the only arable agricultural land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with the majority spread across the densely populated centers of greater Cairo , Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta . Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most famous monuments, including the Giza pyramid complex and the Great Sphinx . The southern city of Luxor contains numerous ancient artifacts, such as the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings . Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural nation of the Middle East .   AFRICA: "The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra � "land of the Afri" (plural, or "Afer" singular) � for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage, corresponding to modern-day Tunisia. The origin of Afer may either come from: the Phoenician `afar, dust; the Afri, a tribe�possibly Berber�who dwelt in North Africa in the Carthage area; the Greek word aphrike, meaning without cold (see also List of traditional Greek place names); or the Latin word aprica, meaning sunny. The historian Leo Africanus (1495-1554) attributed the origin to the Greek word phrike (meaning "cold and horror"), combined with the negating prefix a-, so meaning a land free of cold and horror. But the change of sound from ph to f in Greek is datable to about the first century, so this cannot really be the origin of the name. Egypt was considered part of Asia by the ancients, and first assigned to Africa by the geographer Ptolemy (85 - 165 AD), who accepted Alexandria as Prime Meridian and made the isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea the boundary between Asia and Africa. As Europeans came to understand the real extent of the continent, the idea of Africa expanded with their knowledge." ASIA: "The word Asia entered English via Latin from Ancient Greek , first attested in Herodotus, where it refers to Asia Minor, or for the purposes of the Persian Wars, to the Persian Em


Which country's royal anthem is called 'Kongesangen'?

The Royal Anthem of Norway: Kongesangen | Norway At Home hver i sitt kall, sin stand, troskap sin drott. Trofast i liv og død, tapper i krig og nød, alltid vårt Norge lød Norwegian Royal Anthem Lyrics in English God bless our gracious king! Bless him with strength and courage, Bless home and castle! Guide him with Your Spirit, Tie with Your strong Hand Holy bands of allegiance Loudly pledge men of Norway each in his calling, his station, loyalty to the sovereign. Loyal in life and death, courageous in war and distress, always our Norway obeyed God and its sovereign. Norwegian Royal Anthem Sheet Music You can download the  Norwegian Royal Anthem sheet music  online in a few places for about $5. (You can also use the score for God Save the Queen , just changing the words, if you already have it on hand.) Feedback on the Norwegian Royal Anthem, Please! I hope you enjoy this brief history of the Norwegian Royal Anthem. We would love your comments on what this means to you or how you will use it! You may aslo enjoy:


The word membranophone technically refers to a?

What is a Hang Drum? The term hang drum is a misnomer for a musical instrument or “sound sculpture” called a Hang. What is a Hang? In November 1999, instrument builders Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer of PANArt created the first Hang (Plural: Hanghang) prototype in Bern, Switzerland. Hang means “hand” in the Bernese German language, and is pronounced “hung or hong”. The development of the Hang began after years of research on the making of, tuning and developing specific metals for the steelpan . Also contributing to the Hangs birth was the study of Gongs, Gamelan, Ghatam, Udu, drums and bells. Photo © Michael Paschko. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. Original photo here. The sound sculpture has a peculiar “UFO shape” that is the result of gluing two half-shells of deep drawn, nitrated steel together at the rim. The inside of the instrument is hollow and the outside has notes and tone fields hammered into it. The top shell has a center note that is surrounded by 7-9 tone fields. The bottom shell has a tuned port centered on the bottom. The notes and tone fields are usually played with finger strikes that can be dynamic but without aggressive force. Photo © Michael Paschko . Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. Original photo here . According the wikipedia , “The Hang was developed in the year 2000 and introduced at the Musikmesse Frankfurt in 2001.”  PANArt ’s Hang , the new instrument of the millennium, will probably go down in history as the most important acoustical instrument to develop in the 21th century. Hang Drum vs. PanArt Hang In 2002, Lark in the morning, a musician’s service outlet in the U.S.A. that specialized in hard to find musical items coined the term “hang drum” in order to market its stock of Hanghang. This new catchy name spread quickly throughout California. Eventually hang drum made its way to the World Wide Web as buskers from Haight-Ashburry to Amsterdam and other Hang playing musicians were uploaded to YouTube. Ultimately, the term hang drum found its way to most English speaking countries and was firmly established on social media. Uploaded to YouTube on Nov 29, 2006: Uploaded to YouTube on Apr 10, 2008: In 2007  PANArt asked several distributors to stop using the term hang drum on their websites. By 2009 more than 5000 hanghang were distributed around the globe. That same year—almost 7 years after the term appeared—the Hang builders of  PANArt officially and publicly voiced their disdain for the term hang drum: “Percussionists were initially attracted to this fresh new instrument. They called it by many names and descriptions including UFO, flying saucer, Pantam, disco armonico and Hang drum. “ “We were forced to accept definitions and activities around the previous generations of the Hang to which we could not agree. Treating it as a drum and promoting the name Hang drum, for instance, has created a ripple effect of misinformation that leads to damaged instruments, physical injury, and mental and emotional turbulence.” In 2010 PANArt stated in a newsletter : “We do not make….hang drums. Playing the drums is a different language.” The Hang player communities online ( hangblog.org and Handpan.org ) mostly agreed with PANArt that it should not be called a hang drum. Most members discouraged the use of term and sought to educate the less informed.  Professionals in the genre seemed to avoid the term purposely or by habit. Currently, with 7000-8000 hanghang in the world, attempts to eradicate the term hang drum have failed. It is not possible to erase all the YouTube clips that use the term hang drum. Therefore, many people who discover the Hang on the Internet will initially believe “hang drum” is the proper name of the instrument. Consequently, people who know better often use the term online in order to get noticed by those who have just discovered the Hang via the hang drum misnomer. And, there are others who simply don’t care. The Hang is not a Drum The everyday person typically defines a drum as a cylindrical or go


Carthage is a 3,000 year old urban settlement now part of what North African capital city?

Carthage - Ancient History Encyclopedia Carthage by Joshua J. Mark published on 28 April 2011 According to legend, Carthage was founded by the Phoenician Queen Elissa (better known as Dido ) sometime around 813 BCE although, actually, it rose following Alexander 's destruction of Tyre in 332 BCE. The city (in modern-day Tunisia, North Africa) was originally known as Kart-hadasht (new city) to distinguish it from the older Phoenician city of Utica nearby. The Greeks called the city Karchedon and the Romans turned this name into Carthago. Originally a small port on the coast, established only as a stop for Phoenician traders to re-supply or repair their ships, Carthage grew to become the most powerful city in the Mediterranean before the rise of Rome . A Great Trade Centre After the fall of the great Phoenician city of Tyre to Alexander the Great in 332 BCE, those Tyrians who were able to escape fled to Carthage with whatever wealth they had. Since many whom Alexander spared were those rich enough to buy their lives, these refugees landed in the city with considerable means and established Carthage as the new centre of Phoenician trade. The Carthaginians then drove the native Africans from the area, enslaved many of them, and exacted tribute from the rest. From a small town on the coast, the city grew in size and grandeur with enormous estates covering miles of acreage. Not even one hundred years passed before Carthage was the richest city in the Mediterranean. The aristocrats lived in palaces, the less affluent in modest but attractive homes, while tribute and tariffs regularly increased the city’s wealth on top of the lucrative business in trade. The harbour was immense, with 220 docks, gleaming columns which rose around it in a half-circle, and was ornamented with Greek sculpture . The Carthaginian trading ships sailed daily to ports all around the Mediterranean Sea while their navy, supreme in the region, kept them safe and, also, opened new territories for trade and resources through conquest . Advertisement Carthage Against Rome It was this expansion which first brought Carthage into conflict with Rome. When Rome was weaker than Carthage, she posed no threat. The Carthaginian navy had long been able to enforce the treaty which kept Rome from trading in the western Mediterranean. When Carthage took Sicily , however, Rome responded. Though they had no navy and knew nothing of fighting on the sea, Rome built 330 ships which they equipped with clever ramps and gangways (the corvus) which could be lowered onto an enemy ship and secured; thus turning a sea battle into a land battle. The First Punic War (264-241 BCE) had begun. After an initial struggle with military tactics, Rome won a series of victories and finally defeated Carthage in 241 BCE. Carthage was forced to cede Sicily to Rome and pay a heavy war indemnity. Carthage again went to war with Rome when the general Hannibal attacked the city of Saguntum . Following this war, Carthage became embroiled in what is known as The Mercenary War (241-237 BCE) which started when the Carthaginian army of mercenaries demanded the payment Carthage owed them. This war was finally won by Carthage through the efforts of the general Hamilcar Barca . Carthage suffered greatly from both these conflicts and, when Rome occupied the Carthaginian colonies of Sardinia and Corsica, there was nothing the Carthaginians could do about it. They tried to make the best of their situation by conquering and expanding holdings in Spain but again went to war with Rome when the Carthaginian general Hannibal attacked the city of Saguntum, an ally of Rome. The Second Punic War (218-202 BCE) was fought largely in northern Italy as Hannibal invaded Italy from Spain by marching his forces over the Alps. Hannibal won every engagement against the Romans in Italy. In 216 BCE he won his greatest victory at the Battle of Cannae but, lacking sufficient troops and supplies, could not build on his successes. He was defeated by the Roman general Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama, in North Africa, in 202 BCE a


What modern-day publishing corporation, owner of Penguin books, built the Blackwall Tunnel (under the River Thames in London)?

Pearson plc -- Company History Incorporated: 1897 as S Pearson & Son Ltd. Employees: 27,000 Sales: £3.87 billion ($5.7 billion) (2000) Stock Exchanges: London New York Ticker Symbol: PSO NAIC: 51111 Newspaper Publishers; 51112 Periodical Publishers; 51113 Book Publishers Company Perspectives: We have a simple strategy that we all understand and believe in--we will steadily increase value for Pearson's shareholders. We want to make outstanding returns for our shareholders by creating, owning, applying, and exploiting intellectual property and we want to do this in a way that is brave, imaginative, and decent. Key Dates: 1844: Samuel Pearson becomes an associate partner in a building and contracting firm. 1910: The Aguila Oil Company Ltd. is created to oversee most of Pearson's oil interests. 1919: Whitehall Petroleum Corporation Ltd. is formed to take over Pearson's oil interests; Whitehall Trust is created as a finance and issuing house. 1957: Pearson acquires an interest in Financial News Ltd. 1969: The company goes public. 1979: A controlling interest in Camco Inc. is purchased. 1984: The company's name is changed to Pearson plc. 1985: Subsidiary Penguin Publishing Co. Ltd. acquires Viking of the U.S. and the Michael Joseph and Hamish publishing houses. 1987: U.S.-based publisher Addison Wesley is purchased. 1988: The firm buys Les Echos Group. 1989: Pearson begins divesting its oil businesses. 1993: The company begins to focus on its media businesses related to information, education, and entertainment. 1994: Software Toolworks is purchased and renamed Mindscape. 1996: HarperCollins Educational, Twenty-First Century Business Publications, and Putnam Berkeley are acquired; Westminster Press is sold. 1998: Pearson acquires Simon & Schuster's education, reference, and business and professional publishing division. 2002: Pearson sells its 22 percent stake in RTL Group to Bertelsmann AG. Company History: Since the mid-1990s, Pearson plc has transformed itself from a industrial holding company with a large and sometimes confusing group of interests to the world's largest publisher of educational materials with three major business groups. Pearson Education provides textbooks, learning tools, and testing programs to over 100 million people. The Penguin Group publishes both fiction and non-fiction under the imprints Allen Lane, Avery, Berkley Books, Dutton, Hamish Hamilton, Michael Joseph, Plume, Putnam, Riverhead, and Viking. The Financial Times Group publishes the Financial Times newspaper, Les Echos in France, Expansion in Spain, and a host of personal finance magazines, including Investors Chronicle. The restructuring, led by CEO Majorie Scardino and chairman Dennis Stevenson, proved successful as the company's revenues doubled from 1996 to 2000 while its operating profit tripled. Early Growth As a Building and Contracting Firm In its early years, the business was dominated by Weetman Dickinson Pearson, and later First Viscount Cowdray, who transformed it into an international contracting concern, which he subsequently converted to an investment trust-type operation. Pearson's roots can be traced to Weetman's grandfather, Samuel Pearson, who in 1844 became an associate partner in a Huddersfield-based building and contracting firm. In 1856, his eldest son, George, entered the business, which became known as S Pearson & Son, "sanitary tube and brickmakers and contractors for local public works in and around Bradford." Contracts undertaken at this time were locally based and were for railway companies and, more frequently, for the provision of water supply, drainage, and sewerage facilities to expanding industrial cities. The business developed rapidly, moving its head office in 1857 to nearby Bradford, Yorkshire, and expanding its associated brick-making, glazed tile, and sanitary pipe activities. In 1873, Weetman Pearson entered the business and received a share in its ownership on the retirement of Samuel in 1879. Pearson, increasingly under the direction of Weetman, began to make a quick metamorphosis into an internatio


What vague unit of time is also the same as torque in physics, being a rotational force?

Torque and angular acceleration - Wikiversity Torque and angular acceleration click to expand or collapse Definitions In w:physics , torque (τ) is also called moment ), and is a vector that measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about some axis [1] (center). The magnitude of a torque is defined as force times the length of the w:lever arm [2] (radius). Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist. The force applied to a lever, multiplied by its distance from the lever's fulcrum , is its torque. [3] Torque can be defined as the w:cross product : τ F {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}=\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {F} } where r is the particle's w:position vector relative to the fulcrum, and F is the force acting on the particles. Units As with any concept defined by a formula, the units Torque ( force times distance ) can be determined by the formula (e.g., newton meter in SI units) [4] Even though the order of "newton" and "meter" are mathematically interchangeable, the BIPM ( Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ) specifies that the order should be N m not m N. N·m is also acceptable. [5] The joule , which is the SI unit for energy or work , is also defined as 1 N m, but this unit is not used for torque. While both torque and energy have the same units, one is a scalar and the other is a vector (technically (pseudo) vector ) Relation between torque and energy E τ is torque θ is the angle moved, in radians . Other non-SI units of torque include " pound-force - feet " or "foot-pounds-force" or "ounce-force- inches " or "meter- kilograms-force ". Moment arm Moment arm diagram A very useful special case, often given as the definition of torque in fields other than physics, is as follows: τ force {\displaystyle \tau =({\textrm {moment\ arm}})\cdot {\textrm {force}}} The construction of the "moment arm" is shown in the figure below, along with the vectors r and F mentioned above. The problem with this definition is that it does not give the direction of the torque but only the magnitude, and hence it is difficult to use in three-dimensional cases. If the force is perpendicular to the displacement vector r, the moment arm will be equal to the distance to the centre, and torque will be a maximum for the given force. The equation for the magnitude of a torque arising from a perpendicular force: τ force {\displaystyle \tau =({\textrm {distance\ to\ center}})\cdot {\textrm {force}}} For example, if a person places a force of 10 N on a spanner which is 0.5 m long, the torque will be 5 N m, assuming that the person pulls the spanner by applying force perpendicular to the spanner. Force at an angle If a force of magnitude F is at an angle θ from the displacement arm of length r (and within the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis), then from the definition of cross product, the magnitude of the torque arising is: τ {\displaystyle \tau =rF\sin \theta } Static equilibrium For an object to be in static equilibrium , not only must the sum of the forces be zero, but also the sum of the torques (moments) about any point. For a two-dimensional situation with horizontal and vertical forces, the sum of the forces requirement is two equations: ΣH = 0 and ΣV = 0, and the torque a third equation: Στ = 0. That is, to solve statically determinate equilibrium problems in two-dimensions, we use three equations. Torque and power If a force is allowed to act through a distance, it is doing mechanical work . Similarly, if torque is allowed to act through a rotational distance, it is doing work. Power is the work per unit time . However, time and rotational distance are related by the angular speed where each revolution results in the circumference of the circle being travelled by the force that is generating the torque. The power injected by the applied torque may be calculated as: Power


What UK government-funded company traditionally employing disabled people in manufacturing was founded in 1945 to provide work for injured soldiers?

ILO, O'Reilly - The right to decent work of PWD good policy overview[3] by Michael Burville - issuu Universal Declaration of Human Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.4 Council of Europe: European Convention on Human Rights . . . . . . 19 1.5 ILO Social Security Convention (No. 102) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.6 First ILO Recommendation devoted to vocational rehabilitation . . . 20 1.7 Further ILO measures 1958â€“68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.8 1.9 UN Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons . . . . . . 24 1.10 ILO measures on the development of human resources . . . . . . . . . 24 1.11 ILO call for comprehensive campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.12 UN Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.13 International Year of Disabled Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.14 UN World Programme of Action (WPA) and Decade of Disabled Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 ix Page 1.15 ILO Convention No. 159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.16 EU Recommendation concerning employment for persons with disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 1.17 UN Convention recommended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1.18 Council of Europe: A Coherent Policy for the Rehabilitation of People with Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 1.19 Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 1.20 UN Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 1.21 Vienna Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 1.22 Monitoring the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) in relation to persons with disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 1.23 Copenhagen Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 1.24 EU Treaty amendment prohibiting discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1.25 Council of Europe: European Social Charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 1.26 Inter-American Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.27 African Decade of Disabled Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.28 EU Charter of Fundamental Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.29 EU Directive on Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1.30 Women with disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1.31 Education and training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1.32 European Year of People with Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 1.33 EU Disability Action Plan 2004â€“2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 1.34 Council of Europe: Malaga Declaration 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 1.35 Council of Europe Action Plan 2006â€“2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 1.36 Arab Decade for Persons with Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 1.37 Decade of the Americas for Persons with Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . 57 1.38 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 x Page UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 4.3 Agenda for action, with particular relevance to work and employment issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 xi Page Annexes: 1 Early historical development of work and employment opportunities for persons with disabilities (1900â€“1930) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 3 Ratificati


What deceptive old name is given to a pudding of stewed fruit blended with custard/cream/similar?

Full text of "Fruit recipes : a manual of the food value of fruits and nine hundred different ways of using them" See other formats rfc   No ^OQlD -\QvV   "Bi   ^   Fruit Recipes   A Manual of the Food Values of Fruits and Nine Hundred Different Ways of Using Them  By RILEY M. FLETCHER BERRY   Garden City N^w York  DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY  1919   Copyright, 1907, by Doubleday, Page & Company   / 0JJf~   All right $ reserved > including that of translation into foreign languages,  including the Scandinavian    DEDICATED  TO  ALL MEN AND ALL WOMEN  INTERESTED IN FRUITS: AS SCIENTISTS-WHETHER IN THE LABORATORY, THE  KITCHEN, OR THE GARDEN; AS ARTISTS BY PROFESSION OR THOSE WHO  UNPROFESSIONALLY HAVE ARTISTIC APPRECIATION OF THIS TYPE  OF EARTH'S BEAUTY; AND TO THOSE WHO CLAIM SPECIAL  TRAINING IN NEITHER SCIENCE NOR ART BUT  SIMPLY AND THOROUGHLY ENJOY GOOD,  WHOLESOME COOKERY.  RILEY M. FLETCHER BERRY, The Orchard of Palms,  Orlando, Florida.   PREFACE  Daniel had good reason for his famous and witty after- dinner speech when he remarked to the lions, "After you, gentlemen, after you!" On the same principle prefaces are often postponed. But I hope that you will read this one before dining, that you may understand why such an anomaly as both a discussion of the food values of fruits and formulas for the practical preparation of fruit dishes should be offered men as well as women.  Whatever mental attitude one may hold in relation ta foods, whether one makes meat the chief article of diet or ex^ eludes it, or follows a middle course, one uses fruit as one does water: possibly as a luxury, possibly only because other people use it, but always to some degree (unless one be an Esquimau beyond even the reach of courageous Arctic berries), and always, just as surely, in lesser degree and with less appreciation of its real value than one should use it.  Difference of age, of climate, of occupation, or consti- tution make variation of kind and quantity of foods a necessity, but, generally speaking — leaving out discussion of the three types of necessary food elements: protein, or nitrogen, the carbohydrates (including sugar and starches), and fat — all this aside, it is agreed that human beings as a class need more of the potash salts than they ordinarily realise or take into their systems. The lack of proper pro- portion of these salts lays the foundation for many troubles, in simple and complicated form, which, however, may be avoided by the substitution or inclusion of more fruit  vii   viii FRUIT RECIPES  foods, for vegetables and fruits contain these necessary salts in abundance. (See Note.)  Fruit juices furnish the most delightful form of pure water, which is too apt to be considered, in the words of the Southern colonel, "good fuh pupposes of navigation, but a mighty po' drink.' ' The fruit form of acids is re- freshing; it speedily furnishes energy to the muscular system — the sugar being readily assimilated — and in general or directly (as with the tropical papaw and pine- apple) assists digestion. Each fruit has a special and some of the general values; some of them meant only as accessories to other foods, as a rule stimulants and purifiers, containing chiefly the carbohydrates, and must be bal- anced by fats, nitrogen, or protein, and foods containing more cellulose. Some fruits require very little * 'balancing/' being substantial and nearly perfect in themselves, as figs, prunes, and the cocoanut, which last, when fresh, should be ranked rather with fruits than nuts. The banana is a substantial food, very rich in carbohydrates and "body"; so also the persimmon. Grapes are nearly perfect from a general point of view and the apple is unique in rank.  Acid fruits are not always to be recommended in com- bination with starchy foods, and too much acid may be used, but all people are not constituted alike: uncooked fruits may or may not agree with one (though in general fruits are best and more direct in effect uncooked a


Tonsure refers to removal of hair from the?

Tonsure - definition of tonsure by The Free Dictionary Tonsure - definition of tonsure by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tonsure Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . ton·sure  (tŏn′shər) n. 1. The act of shaving the head or part of the head, especially as a preliminary to becoming a priest or a member of a monastic order. 2. The part of a monk's or priest's head that has been shaved. tr.v. ton·sured, ton·sur·ing, ton·sures To shave the head of. [Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin tōnsūra, from Latin, a shearing, from tōnsus, past participle of tondēre, to shear; see tem- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] tonsure (Hairdressing & Grooming) (in certain religions and monastic orders) a. the shaving of the head or the crown of the head only b. the part of the head left bare by shaving c. the state of being shaven thus vb (Hairdressing & Grooming) (tr) to shave the head of [C14: from Latin tōnsūra a clipping, from tondēre to shave] ˈtonsured adj (ˈtɒn ʃər) n., v. -sured, -sur•ing. n. 1. the shaving of the head or of some part of it, esp. upon entering the priestood or a monastic order. 2. the part of a cleric's head, usu. the crown, left bare by shaving the hair. 3. the state of being shorn. v.t. 4. to subject to tonsure. [1350–1400; Middle English < Latin tōnsūra a shearing =tōns(us), past participle of tondēre to shear, clip, shave + -ūra -ure ] tonsure 1. the act or process of cutting the hair, especially as a religious rite or custom. 2. the shaved part of the head, usually the crown, of a member of a religious order. — tonsorial, adj. See also: Hair 1. the act or process of cutting the hair, especially as a religious rite or custom. 2. the shaved part of the head, usually the crown, of a member of a religious order. — tonsorial, adj.


In old English, a Yeoman was originally a man possessing/working with?

yeoman - definition and meaning yeoman from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition n. An attendant, servant, or lesser official in a royal or noble household. n. A yeoman of the guard. n. A petty officer performing chiefly clerical duties in the U.S. Navy. n. An assistant or other subordinate, as of a sheriff. n. A diligent, dependable worker. n. A farmer who cultivates his own land, especially a member of a former class of small freeholders in England. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License n. An official providing honorable service in a royal or high noble household, ranking between a squire and a page. n. A former class of small freeholders who farm their own land; a commoner of good standing. n. A subordinate, deputy, aide, or assistant. n. A Yeoman Warder. n. A clerk in the US navy, and US Coast Guard. n. In a vessel of war, the person in charge of the storeroom. n. A member of the Yeomanry Cavalry officially chartered in 1794 originating around the 1760s. n. A member of the Imperial Yeomanry officially created in 1890s and renamed in 1907. from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English n. A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born. n. A servant; a retainer. n. A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry cavalry. n. An interior officer under the boatswain, gunner, or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account, and distribution of the stores. from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia n. A retainer; a guard. n. A gentleman attendant in a royal or noble household, ranking between a sergeant and a groom: as, yeoman for the month, a butler; yeoman of the crown; yeoman usher: applied also to attendants of lower grade: as, yeoman feuterer (seefeuterer); yeoman of the chamber; yeoman of the wardrobe. See also phrase yeoman of the guard, below. n. n. One holding a subordinate position, as an attendant or assistant, journeyman, etc. n. In old English law, one having free land of forty shillings by the year (previously five nobles), who was thereby qualified to serve on juries, vote for knights of the shire, and do any other act for which the law required one who was “probus et legalis homo” (Blackstone, Com., I. xii.); hence, in recent English use, one owning (and usually himself cultivating) a small landed property; a freeholder. n. In the United States navy, an appointed petty officer who has charge of the stores in his department. n. A member of the yeomanry cavalry. See yeomanry, 4. from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. n. officer in the (ceremonial) bodyguard of the British monarch n. in former times was free and cultivated his own land Etymologies from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition Middle English yoman, perhaps from Old English *gēaman, from Old Frisian gāman, villager : gā, region, district + man, man. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License Middle English yoman, yeman, from Old English *gēaman (compare Old Frisian gaman ‘villager’, Middle Dutch goymann ‘arbiter’), compound of gē, gēa ‘district, region’ (in ælgē, Sūthrigēa), from Proto-Germanic *gawi (compare West Frisian gea, goa, Dutch gouw, German Gau), and mann ‘man’. More at man. Examples Goodman Mascall, Goodman Cockswet, etc., and in matters of law these and the like are called thus, _Giles Jewd, yeoman; Edward Mountford, yeoman; James Cocke, yeoman; Harry Butcher, yeoman_, etc.; by which addition they are exempt from the vulgar and common sorts.


Greek 'skhizo' and 'skhizein' basically mean what?

Schizo- | Define Schizo- at Dictionary.com schizo- a combining form meaning “split,” used in the formation of compound words: schizogenetic. Also, especially before a vowel, schiz-. Origin of schizo- < Greek, combining form representing schízein to part, split Dictionary.com Unabridged British Dictionary definitions for schizo- Expand indicating a cleavage, split, or division: schizocarp, schizophrenia Word Origin from Greek skhizein to split Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for schizo- Expand word-forming element meaning "division; split, cleavage," from Latinized form of Greek skhizo-, comb. form of skhizein "to split, cleave, part, separate," from PIE root *skei- "to cut, separate, divide, part, split" (see shed (v.)). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


What African country experienced a 2012 rebellion by Tuareg fighters?

Mali has already experienced major Tuareg rebellions in 1962-64, 1990-95 and 2007-2009 By Jeremy Keenan is a professor of social anthropology at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London. Story highlights London, United Kingdom - March 17 marked two months since the first shots were fired in Mali's latest Tuareg rebellion. Since then, Mali's army has been humiliated as the country now faces a real possibility of territorial division. The Tuareg number an estimated 2-3 million. Nomadic pastoralists by tradition, they occupy a vast swathe of the Sahara and Sahel, from Libya, through northern Niger, southern Algeria and northern Mali to Burkina Faso. The largest number, estimated at approaching one million, live in Mali. The post-colonial history of Tuareg in both Mali and Niger has been characterised by a series of rebellions, the underlying causes of which have been the Tuaregs' marginalisation and the failure of their governments to adhere to peace agreements. Mali has experienced major London, United Kingdom - March 17 marked two months since the first shots were fired in Mali's latest Tuareg rebellion. Since then, Mali's army has been humiliated as the country now faces a real possibility of territorial division. The Tuareg number an estimated two to three million. Nomadic pastoralists by tradition, they occupy a vast swathe of the Sahara and Sahel, from Libya, through northern Niger, southern Algeria and northern Mali to Burkina Faso. The largest number, estimated at approaching one million, live in Mali. The post-colonial history of Tuareg in both Mali and Niger has been characterised by a series of rebellions, the underlying causes of which have been the Tuaregs' marginalisation and the failure of their governments to adhere to peace agreements. Mali has experienced major Tuareg rebellions in 1962-64, 1990-95 and 2007-2009. The catalyst for the present rebellion was the return of an estimated two to three thousand experienced well-armed Tuareg fighters who had served in Gaddafi's battalions. Their anger at events in Libya was compounded by the lackadaisical attitude and the complete failure of Mali's President Amadou Toumani Toure and his government to address the problems created by their return. Estimates of the number of returning Tuareg fighters range between 800 and 4,000. On their return to Mali, many stopped short of Kidal in the mountainous region around Ti-n-Asselak in the Abeibara district where they linked up with the fighters of former rebel leader Ibrahim ag Bahanga's (who died in August 2011) Mouvement Touareg du Nord Mali (MTNM). On October 16, these and various other groups merged to form the Mouvement National de Liberation de l'Azawad (MNLA). 'Illegal occupation' The MNLA's first press statement said that it aimed "to free the people of Azawad from the illegal occupation of its territory by Mali". Azawad is the Tuareg name for the region north of Timbuktu that today covers the regions of Timbuktu, Kidal and Gao. The word is also used, by extension, to include the traditional Tuareg domains of northern Niger and southern Algeria. Within a few weeks, the MNLA was reinforced by Tuareg deserting the Mali army and young recruits from within the region. Estimates put the former as high as 1,500 and the latter at 500. After two months of fighting, the Malian army has lost control of most of Azawad, while the number of troops that have either been killed, taken captive or deserted is now thought to be at least 1,000. In a humiliating incident, the army base at Aguelhok was overrun on January 24 when the troops defending it ran out of ammunition. However, from a strategic point of view, the most significant fighting was at Tessalit. Close to the border with Algeria and with an army base and airport, Tessalit is a strategic town. By March 4, three Malian army units abandoned their attempts to relieve the MNLA siege of the base. A week later, the troops retreated to Algeria, leaving the base and the airport in MNLA control. The number of soldiers killed, taken captive or deserted, along with equipm


Zampone is an Italian dish made of stuffed pig's what?

Zampone Zampone Zampone is a dish prepared from a pig's leg. It consists of the lower part of a pig's leg (called a "zampino" in Italian) with the foot still on. It is stuffed with finely-ground, seasoned sausage meat, and simmered for a long time. After cooking, it is let cool to room temperature, then sliced and served with lentils. Some versions are made without the leg altogether. They are just a 4 to 5 inch (10 to 12 1/2 cm) wide sausage, formed in a cylinder shape and wrapped in pig rind. If you are looking for the unstuffed version (just plain pigs legs / trotters) of Zampone, see Zampino. Literature & Lore Traditional in many northern regions of Italy for New Year's Day. See also:


Which major social networking corporation grew from a branded messaging project at podcasting site Odeo?

SOCIAL MEDIA FOUNDERS NET WORTH 2016 - FinancialWealth&Company SOCIAL MEDIA FOUNDERS NET WORTH 2016 Posted by  admin  in  FinancialWealth Magazine  FB Mark Zuckerberg   Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (born May 14, 1984) is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur. He is best known as one of five co-founders of the social networking website Facebook. Zuckerberg is the chairman and chief executive of Facebook, Inc.[4][5] His personal wealth, as of July 2015, is estimated to be $38.6 billion.[3] Zuckerberg receives a one-dollar salary as CEO of Facebook.[2]   Together with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, he launched Facebook from Harvard University’s dormitory rooms.[6] The group then introduced Facebook onto other campuses nationwide and moved to Palo Alto, California shortly afterwards. In 2007, at the age of 23, Zuckerberg became a billionaire as a result of Facebook’s success. The number of Facebook users worldwide reached a total of one billion in 2012. Zuckerberg was involved in various legal disputes that were initiated by others in the group, who claimed a share of the company based upon their involvement during the development phase of Facebook.   Since 2010, Time magazine has named Zuckerberg among the 100 wealthiest and most influential people in the world as a part of its Person of the Year distinction.[7][8][9] In 2011, Zuckerberg ranked first on the list of the “Most Influential Jews in the World” by The Jerusalem Post.[10] Zuckerberg was played by actor Jesse Eisenberg in the 2010 film The Social Network, in which the rise of Facebook is portrayed.   Early life Zuckerberg was born in 1984 in White Plains, New York.[12] He is the son of dentist Edward Zuckerberg and psychiatrist Karen Kempner.[13] He and his three sisters, Randi, Donna, and Arielle,[14] were brought up in Dobbs Ferry, New York, a small Westchester County village about 10 miles (16 km) north of New York City.[14] Zuckerberg was raised Jewish and had his bar mitzvah when he turned 13.[15] Afterward, he became an atheist.[16][17][18]   At Ardsley High School, Zuckerberg excelled in classics. He transferred to Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire in his junior year, where he won prizes in science (math, astronomy and physics) and classical studies. On his college application, Zuckerberg claimed that he could read and write French, Hebrew, Latin, and ancient Greek. He was captain of the fencing team.[17][19][20][21] In college, he was known for reciting lines from epic poems such as The Iliad.  Career  Facebook Zuckerberg launched Facebook from his Harvard dormitory room on February 4, 2004.[33][34] An earlier inspiration for Facebook may have come from Phillips Exeter Academy, the prep school from which Zuckerberg graduated in 2002. It published its own student directory, “The Photo Address Book”, which students referred to as “The Facebook”. Such photo directories were an important part of the student social experience at many private schools. With them, students were able to list attributes such as their class years, their friends, and their telephone numbers.[33]   Once at college, Zuckerberg’s Facebook started off as just a “Harvard thing” until Zuckerberg decided to spread it to other schools, enlisting the help of roommate Dustin Moskovitz. They began with Columbia, New York University, Stanford, Dartmouth, Cornell, Penn, Brown, and Yale.[35] Samyr Laine, a triple jumper representing Haiti at the 2012 Summer Olympics, shared a room with Zuckerberg during Facebook’s founding. “Mark was clearly on to great things,” said Laine, who was Facebook’s fourteenth user.[36]     After Zuckerberg moved to Palo Alto, California with Moskovitz and some friends, they leased a small house that served as an office. Over the summer, Zuckerberg met Peter Thiel who invested in the company. They got their first office in mid-2004. According to Zuckerberg, the group planned to return to Harvard but eventually decided to remain in California.[37][38] The


Pissouri, Paphos, and Protarus are seaside resorts in which Mediterranean island?

Protaras Hotels - Impressive Beach Hotels in Protaras Protaras Hotels From € 151 * Visit Website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Overlooking the Protaras' Blue Flag Fig Tree bay, Capo Bay hotel sprawls over many acres of spectacular private beachfront. Pristine beaches underline the romance of the Mediterranean Sea with picturesque sunrises and beautiful gardens adorning this Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Anais Bay Hotel is ideally situated near a very popular sandy beach in Pernera area and it is suitable for quality and relaxing holiday. It offers both hotel rooms and equipped apartments enjoying hotel services and facilities. Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Anastasia Beach Hotel is a four star hotel in Protaras offering excellent service and leisure facilities and a variety of accommodation types. Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Ideal holiday accommodation is about leisure, luxury and immeasurable comfort, this is what Antigoni Hotel brings about. Located in the heart of Protaras in the splendid island of Cyprus, Antigoni Hotel will fit quite perfectly in the requirements o From € 87 * Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Cavo Maris Beach Hotel is a three star hotel in Protaras offering a relaxing setting with gardens, direct access to the beach and wonderful sea views. Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Enjoy a relaxing moments at Chrystalla Hotel in sun drenched Fig Tree Bay. This hotel is owned and managed by a family thus providing a warmer atmosphere. Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Spanning many acres across the endless shades of blue towards the horizon and shimmering coastline, Constantinos the Great Hotel encourage you to rediscover the impressive Protaras sandy beach and indulge in an urban, vibrant environment atmosphere. From € 73 * Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Crystal Springs Beach Hotel is a four star hotel on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Situated in Protaras, a resort on the eastern part of Cyprus From € 115 * Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Located on the magnificent Mediterranean Island of Cyprus and especially in the Protaras area of Famagusta, the Golden Coast Hotel is the perfect place for an ideal vacation. From € 170 * Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Grecian Park Hotel is a 5 star hotel located in Ayia Napa at a privileged location overlooking the secluded Konnos Bay. With wealth of facilities and in room amenities it welcomes its guests to a fantastic holiday experience. Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Iliada Beach Hotel is ideal for water sport enthusiasts who can take full advantage of the excellent water sport facilities found nearby. Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Iliada Beach Hotel is a 4 star hotel, ideally located on the sandy beaches of Cyprus. The prime location of the hotel is in the heart of Protaras near the Fig Tree Bay. From € 63 * Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Kapetanios Bay Hotel is a three star hotel build on the famous Fig Tree Bay, offering various in room amenities and hotel facilities. Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Mimosa Beach Hotel is a popular tourist destination with direct access to the beach, various leisure facilities and family friendly amenities. Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras The Odessa Hotel Cyprus is a classic hotel with recent renovations ideal for people going for holiday in Cyprus. It is one of the well known hotels in Protaras with 209 rooms refurbished to give visitors a lot of comfort. Check Availability Visit website | See it on Map | Hotels in Protaras Paschalia Hotel in Protaras is a 3 star hotel with 137 rooms offering relaxed holidays around its green gardens and the large fresh water pool. The Paschalia ho


What airline was exposed in Spring 2012 as having leaked celebrities' flight details to a paparazzi agency?

Virgin airline employee 'leaked flight details of stars' - Telegraph Celebrity news Virgin airline employee 'leaked flight details of stars' A Virgin Atlantic employee has resigned amid claims she leaked confidential  flight details of celebrities to one of the world’s biggest paparazzi  agencies Big Pictures.   Image 1 of 2 L-R Sienna Miller, Gwyneth Platrow, Scarlett Johansson were said to have had details of their flights leaked to Big Pictures. Photo: GETTY IMAGES   Follow The airline, which is owned by Sir Richard Branson, opened an urgent investigation on Thursday night after the woman allegedly passed on information about eight celebrities to the Big Pictures agency. The stars understood to be targeted include Hollywood actors Scarlett Johansson, Gwyneth Paltrow and Sienna Miller and singers Robbie Williams and Nicole Scherzinger. Other high profile names whose flight details were accessed include Ashley Cole, the Chelsea and England footballer, his former wife and singer Cheryl Cole and Jermain Defoe, the Tottenham footballer. The employee, reported to be a supervisor of Upper Class customers, quit after her alleged deal with the organisation was publicly exposed. The airline was last night attempting to contact the celebrities and sources said an investigation had been launched to establish who could access its booking system. Officials were also urgently trawling the company’s email archives. Related Articles Kelly Hoppen settles News of the World phone hacking claim for £60,000 07 Oct 2011 Virgin Atlantic said it was taking the apparent leak "extremely seriously". Big Pictures is understood to have launched an investigation into affair. It is understood the accused employee, who has not been named, denies the allegations, which stem from emails sent to her by agency staffers. The Daily Telegraph understands the emails were sent to the employee’s private account in 2010. The employee behind the apparent leak, who the newspaper declined to name, is understood to have told colleagues she was recently a victim of identity theft. The employee, who held a relatively junior position, appears to have been told in an email from Big Pictures that the agency was "trying to sort you out some money with accounts". According to The Guardian, Another email to Big Pictures reportedly says: "Got a few more for you!" then lists celebrity flights from London airports. The employee, who looked after high-profile customers on Virgin Atlantic flights, said she was "not going to comment on that at all" before hanging up the phone on Wednesday. On Thursday night, a Virgin Atlantic spokeswoman said: "The allegations that have been raised are extremely serious and we have launched an immediate investigation. "The security of customer information is our highest priority and we have robust processes in place to ensure that passenger information is protected. "The incident that has been alleged concerns eight customers' flights booked in 2010 and we are in contact with all of those people.” She added: "It is too early to draw conclusions on this matter but of course we would deeply regret any concern that these allegations may cause the individuals involved." Big Pictures was launched in 1992 by Australian photographer Darryn Lyons and claims to be the world's largest celebrity picture agency. A spokesman was unavailable for comment. The allegations come as the Leveson Inquiry investigates methods of the British press.


What is the only internal human organ capable of natural regeneration of lost tissue?

The Liver - How It Works, Diagrams, Information, Health Guides The Human           Body Liver Diagram                    of the liver showing the right and left                    lobes, with major veins & arteries                    delivering blood to and from the heart & intestines. Bile produced by the                    liver is stored in the gall bladder and                    drains into the intestines. The liver - the body's largest organ after the skin - is often compared to a sophisticated, hi-tech processing plant. Without fanfare or complaint, every day the healthy liver automatically takes in compounds from what we eat, drink, and absorb through the skin, and converts them in to a variety of compounds which are essential to the digestive system and the body's proper functioning. Among its other wonders, the liver also is the only internal human organ capable of natural regeneration of lost tissue; as little as 25% of a liver can regenerate into a whole liver. Keeping your liver healthy In Western culture, we pump a great deal of fat, alcohol, sugar, and chemicals in to our bodies, and the liver is one of the organs on the front line of defense. Keeping the liver healthy then, is often a matter of limiting its exposure to           all the things that place excess stress on it. Alcohol is certainly not good for the liver, particularly in high amounts, and chronic alcohol abuse can lead to hepatitis C , cirrhosis ,           or other serious liver diseases such as liver cancer especially when coupled with smoking . Chemicals, pesticides, and many other food additives are all stressors for the liver, as is a diet rich in fatty foods. Limiting intake of all these things makes the liver's job a lot easier, and goes a long way to help this feat of engineering          successfully accomplish the various tasks it was built to do. also see in Health & Diseases -> Hepatitis C More about the liver around the Web: Liver - Wikipedia - Check out the complete overview including liver functions, related diseases, photos, diagrams, related references and resources. Sponsored Links


Name the passenger vehicle famously lost with 36 fatalities on 6 May 1937 at New Jersey US?

1000+ images about The Hindenburg on Pinterest | New jersey, Flight schedule and Daily news May 6, 1937:  German airship "Hindenburg", the largest dirigible ever built, explodes as it arrives in Lakehurst, New Jersey See More


Chicken Pox is mainly contracted from contact with?

Chickenpox | Transmission | Varicella | CDC Transmission Español: Transmisión "Chickenpox Parties"—Don't Take the Chance "Chickenpox parties" have been held to intentionally expose a child with chickenpox to other children in hopes that they will get the disease. Chickenpox can be serious, especially for infants and even for some children. So, it is not worth taking the chance of exposing them to chickenpox. The best way to protect infants and children against chickenpox is to get them vaccinated. Read more about the chickenpox vaccine . Pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems, who are not protected against chickenpox and cannot be vaccinated, are more likely to get a serious case of chickenpox. They should stay away from people with chickenpox and should not go to chickenpox parties. Chickenpox is a very contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The virus spreads easily from people with chickenpox to others who have never had the disease or been vaccinated. The virus spreads mainly by touching or breathing in the virus particles that come from chickenpox blisters, and possibly through tiny droplets from infected people that get into the air after they breathe or talk, for example.   The Varicella-zoster virus also causes shingles. Chickenpox can be spread from people with shingles to others who have never had chickenpox or received the chickenpox vaccine. This can happen if a person touches or breathes in virus from shingles blisters. In these cases, a person might develop chickenpox, not shingles. For more information about shingles, see Transmission . When Is a Person Contagious? A person with chickenpox can spread the disease from 1 to 2 days before they get the rash until all their chickenpox blisters have formed scabs (usually 5-7 days). It takes about 2 weeks (from 10 to 21 days) after exposure to a person with chickenpox or shingles for someone to develop chickenpox. If a person vaccinated for chickenpox gets the disease, they can still spread it to others. For most people, getting chickenpox once provides immunity for life. However, for a few people, they can get chickenpox more than once, although this is not common. For information about how to prevent chickenpox, see Prevention & Treatment .


Which country has (early 2000s) the highest AIDS infection rate in the world?

The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic | The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Print Overview HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,” has become one of the world’s most serious health and development challenges. The first cases were reported in 1981 and today: There are approximately 36.7 million people currently living with HIV and tens of millions of people have died of AIDS-related causes since the beginning of the epidemic. 1 , 2 While new cases have been reported in all regions of the world, approximately two-thirds are in sub-Saharan Africa, with 46% of new cases in Eastern and Southern Africa. 1 , 2 Many people living with HIV or at risk for HIV do not have access to prevention, care, and treatment, and there is still no cure. HIV primarily affects those in their most productive years; about a third of new infections are among young people (ages 15-24). 1 , 2 HIV not only affects the health of individuals, it impacts households, communities, and the development and economic growth of nations. Many of the countries hardest hit by HIV also suffer from other infectious diseases, food insecurity, and other serious problems. Despite these challenges, new global efforts have been mounted to address the epidemic and there has been significant progress. The number of people newly infected with HIV, especially children, and the number of AIDS-related deaths have declined over the years, and the number of people with HIV receiving treatment increased to more than 18 million in 2016. 3  However, recent data shows that the declines in new infections among adults observed earlier in the epidemic have stalled and incidence is now rising in some areas of the world. 4 Current Global Snapshot According to the latest estimates from UNAIDS:  1 , 2 , 4 , 5 Figure 1: Adult HIV Prevalence, 2015 There were 36.7 million people living with HIV in 2015, up from 33.3 million in 2010, the result of continuing new infections, people living longer with HIV, and general population growth. Global prevalence (the percent of people ages 15-49 who are infected) has leveled since 2001 and was 0.8% in 2015. 1.1 million people died of AIDS in 2015, a 45% decrease since its peak in 2005. Deaths have declined due in part to antiretroviral treatment (ART) scale-up. HIV remains a leading cause of death worldwide and the number one cause of death in Africa. There were about 2.1 million new infections in 2015 or about 5,700 new infections per day. While there have been significant declines in new infections since the mid-199os, new infections among adults have failed to decline over the past 5 years and incidence is rising in some regions. Most infections are transmitted heterosexually, although risk factors vary. In some countries, men who have sex with men, injecting drug users, sex workers, transgender people, and prisoners are disproportionally affected by HIV. Although HIV testing capacity has increased over time, enabling more people to learn their HIV status, about 4 in 10 of people with HIV are still unaware they are infected. HIV has led to a resurgence of tuberculosis (TB), particularly in Africa, and TB is a leading cause of death for people with HIV worldwide. 6 , 7 In 2015, approximately 11% of new TB cases occurred in people living with HIV. 8 However, between 2004 and 2014 TB deaths in people living with HIV declined by 32%, largely due to the scale up of joint HIV/TB services. Women represent half (51%) of all adults living with HIV worldwide. HIV is the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. 9 Gender inequalities, differential access to service, and sexual violence increase women’s vulnerability to HIV, and women, especially younger women, are biologically more susceptible to HIV. Young people, ages 15-24, account for approximately a third of new HIV infections. 2  In sub-Saharan Africa, young women 15-24 account for 25% of all new HIV infections among adults, even though they represent only 17% of the adult population. Globally, there were 1.


Giant pandas Tian Tian and Yang Guang arrive in Edinburgh - Telegraph Wildlife Giant pandas Tian Tian and Yang Guang arrive in Edinburgh The first pandas to come to Britain in almost two decades may have arrived as  a couple but they will spend the majority of their lives apart.   Giant panda Yang Guang settles into his new home at Edinburgh Zoo Photo: ROB MCDOUGALL   Giant panda Tian Tian is unloaded from a plane at Edinburgh Airport Photo: PA   Graphic showing how the two giant pandas were transported from Chengdu to Edinburgh    Panda Yang Guang arrives at Edinburgh Airport in Scotland Photo: GETTY   By Auslan Cramb , and Richard Alleyne 6:15AM GMT 05 Dec 2011 Comments The pair, who it is hoped will produce cubs during their 10 year stay, will be housed in adjacent cages separated by bullet proof glass. While they may be able to see each other, they will only come together for a few days a year - to mate. The separate lives are designed to mimic behaviour in the wild and to prevent the pair fighting which has happened with previous attempts to mate pandas in captivity. Flown into Edinburgh on a private jet, with an entourage of helpers and greeted by thousands of people, there was no doubting the couple’s superstar status. There was a welcoming party on the red carpet, a bagpipe greeting and bamboo cake. Related Articles Giant pandas arrive 04 Dec 2011 Tian Tian and Yang Guang - the names translate as Sweetie and Sunshine - are the first giant pandas to live in the UK for 17 years, in what is seen as a reinstatement of "panda diplomacy". They flew with four dedicated staff, including a vet and two animal handlers, and were treated throughout as VIPs - that is Very Important Pandas. Capt Paul Cassel, the chief FedEx pilot, said the pair were among the most precious cargo he had flown and “not unlike humans in first class, who sit back, eat, drink and enjoy the ride". Tian Tian appeared subdued after the 10-hour flight from Chengdu in the Sichuan province of China, while the “happy go lucky” Yang Guang looked, like any weary long-haul passenger, eager to escape. They will spend 10 years at Edinburgh Zoo as part of a global conservation programme, and will be unveiled to the public on December 16, after a settling-in period. Their new homes are semi-detached £250,000 enclosures with caves, pools, climbing features and bullet-proof glass, that allow them to see each other. But like pandas in the wild, they will only be brought together to mate. Their keepers hope they will not only find the cool climate to their liking, but will become the first giant pandas to breed in Britain, potentially in February when Tian Tian could be receptive for a whole 48 hours. Their arrival marks the culmination of a five-year project, backed by the Princes Royal, David Cameron, the Prime Minister, and Alex Salmond, the First Minister, who is currently in China. It is hoped it will be more successful than in 1974 when Prime Minister Edward Heath returned from China with Ching-Ching and Chia-Chia for London Zoo. Those panda's proved to be less diplomatic than their donors had originally intended. Keeping Ching-Ching and Chia-Chia proved a "pretty expensive business" not only in bamboo shoots but in also providing the appropriate shelter. So much so that London Zoo was forced to launch a public appeal for funds. Sadly the pair never produced any cubs and after Ching-Ching's death in 1985, aged 12 or 13, Chia-Chia was sent on a permanent breeding loan to the Mexico City Zoo. Without its star attractions London Zoo, immediately started negotiations with China and other zoos for a new pair. Finally, in 1991, Ming Ming arrived from China and Bao Bao from Berlin Zoo. However, the couple fought savagely and produced no cubs. They were sent home in "disgrace" in 1994. The latest pandas were met by Michael Moore, the Scottish Secretary, Nicola Sturgeon, the Deputy First Minister, and the Chinese Charges d‘Affaires. Officials from the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, the charity that runs the zoo, said it was a "historic occasion". Panda-cams wi