What is a slight fluctuation in pitch caused by the player of a stringed instrument shaking a finger while stopping a string?

Violin : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics For other uses, see Violin (disambiguation) . Violin (Composite chordophone sounded by a bow ) Developed Violinists The violin is a string instrument with four strings usually tuned in perfect fifths . It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola and cello . (The double bass 's inclusion in the violin family is disputed.) The violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle , regardless of the type of music played on it. The word violin comes from the Middle Latin word vitula, meaning stringed instrument; [1] this word is also believed to be the source of the Germanic "fiddle". [2] The violin, while it has ancient origins, acquired most of its modern characteristics in 16th-century Italy , with some further modifications occurring in the 18th century. Violinists and collectors particularly prize the instruments made by the Gasparo da Salò , Giovanni Paolo Maggini , Stradivari , Guarneri and Amati families from the 16th to the 18th century in Brescia and Cremona and by Jacob Stainer in Austria . A person who makes or repairs violins is called a luthier , or simply a violin maker. The parts of a violin are usually made from different types of wood (although electric violins may not be made of wood at all, since their sound may not be dependent on specific acoustic characteristics of the instrument's construction), and it is generally strung with gut , nylon /steel composite, or steel strings. Someone who plays the violin is called a violinist or a fiddler. The violinist produces sound by drawing a bow across one or more strings (which may be stopped by the fingers of the other hand to produce a full range of pitches), by plucking the strings (with either hand), or by a variety of other techniques . The violin is played by musicians in a wide variety of musical genres, including Baroque music , classical , jazz , folk music , pop-punk and rock and roll . The violin has come to be played in many non-western music cultures all over the world. Contents Main article: History of the violin The earliest stringed instruments were mostly plucked (e.g. the Greek lyre ). Bowed instruments may have originated in the equestrian cultures of Central Asia, an example being the Kobyz ( Kazakh : қобыз) or kyl-kobyz is an ancient Kazakh string instrument or Mongolian instrument Morin huur : Turkic and Mongolian horsemen from Inner Asia were probably the world’s earliest fiddlers. Their two-stringed upright fiddles were strung with horsehair strings, played with horsehair bows, and often feature a carved horse’s head at the end of the neck. ... The violins, violas, and cellos we play today, and whose bows are still strung with horsehair, are a legacy of the nomads. [3] It is believed that these instruments eventually spread to China, India, the Byzantine Empire and the Middle East, where they developed into instruments such as the erhu in China, the rebab in the Middle East, the lyra in the Byzantine Empire and the esraj in India. The violin in its present form emerged in early 16th-Century Northern Italy, where the port towns of Venice and Genoa maintained extensive ties to central Asia through the trade routes of the silk road . The modern European violin evolved from various bowed stringed instruments which were brought from the Middle East [4] and the Byzantine Empire . [5] [6] Most likely the first makers of violins borrowed from three types of current instruments: the rebec , in use since the 10th century (itself derived from the Byzantine lyra [7] and the Arabic rebab ), the Renaissance fiddle , and the lira da braccio [8] (derived [5] from the Byzantine lira ). One of the earliest explicit descriptions of the instrument, including its tuning, was in the Epitome musical by Jambe de Fer , published


Who was the nephew of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria and heir to the throne, who renounced his childrens right to succession in order to make a morganatic marriage with Countess Sophie Chotek and was assassinated with her in Bosnia in 1914?

All About Royal Families: House of Habsburg All About Royal Families history, royal families, interesting visits, travels and style Pages The House of Habsburg has ruled for many centuries over Europe. It was a glorious family. They made alliances and let their power rise. The House of Habsburg provided a lot of kings, emperors and archdukes. These were a few of their titles: Holy Roman Emperor King of Galicia and Lodomeria Archduke of Austria I started to interest me in the House of Habsburg due to the movies of  Sissi. Elisabeth of Bavaria was married Franz Jozeph of Austria.  On the page(s) of the House of Habsburg, I hope to make a short  Family Tree. It is a difficult work because the names of the  Rulers of the House of Habsburg are different in German and in  English.  Also the numbers after their names ex. Albert V is sometimes  mentioned as Albert II. I hope to give you a good summary. If you have tips about that subject please let me know! Talking about the House of Habsburg, it is a journey not only in time  but also around Europe and beyond. Even in my hometown, Sint-Niklaas (Belgium), there are traces from the  people of  the House of Habsburg.  Maximilian I gave us the patent to keep the weekly market at Thursday. I hope to take you with me on a journey in time and around Europe.  If you have comments or suggestions, please let me hear from you! TRIVIA: Where does the name Habsburg come from? The name Habsburg is derived from a fortress in Switzerland which was  called the Habsburg and was located in the municipality of Habsburg :-).    It was the originating seat of the House of Habsburg.  Map of the Habsburg territories - Source picture: wikipedia  RUDOLF I In 1274 he married Elizabeth of Carinthia, daughter of Caunt Meihard II of Tyrol.  Albrecht sometimes was mentioned as 'hard as a diamond' and his heart as 'a red-hot iron'. He was highly intelligent, energetic and competent. Frederick of Habsburg was born in 1289 in Vienna. He married Isabella (Elisabeth) of Aragon They had one daughter who survived childhood. She was called Anna.  She married Henry XV of Bavaria.  Frederick of Habsburg Died in 1330 LEOPOLD I, DUKE  OF  AUSTRIA Born: 1290 Vienna (Austria) ALBERT II, DUKE  OF  AUSTRIA Albert II also was known as the Wise or the Lame. Born: 1298 RUDOLF IV, DUKE  OF  AUSTRIA Born: 1339 in Vienna Died: 1365 in Milan (Italy) Married: Catherine of Luxembourg His nickname was 'the Founder'. He came head of the family on the age of 19! Austria - Vienna Rudolf made many efforts to make Vienna the dynasty's main city. In 1359 he laid the foundation stones for the great Gothic expansion  of the St. Stephan's Cathedral In 1365 he even founded the University of Vienna, although this was  ended after his death. ALBERT V (II) OF AUSTRIA Born: 1397 He married Elisabeth of Luxembourg also called Elisabeth of Bohemia Born: 1409 Albert proved to be an able ruler, achieving a tight alliance with Emperor Sigismund and then regaining the imperial crown for his own family! In 1422 Sigismund married his daughter to Albrecht and named him as his heir. When Sigismund died in 1437 Albrecht became easy the King of Hungary (1438).  In March 1438 he was elected as German King.  He had a sharp mind, particularly for military matters, he was enterprising, brave and doughty too. FREDERICK V ( III) You can find this portrait in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien  (Historical Art Museum Vienna). Frederick was an introverted personality. During his own life he was criticized. People found him penny-pinching and stupid. According to his subjects he liked to tend his own garden instead  of governing.  Frederick wrote in his diary: "Happy is he who forgets what cannot be changed" During Frederick's rule there where periods of chaos due to inter alia many intra-family conflicts and disloyal advisors. Frederick and his son Maximilian didn't see each other often.  The father considered the son a reckless adventurer and didn't gave him a lot of funds. He hoped that this would moderate Maximilian's ambitions.  However Maximilian played an import


Which US TV show, for which the cast list included Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Michael Richards and Jason Alexander, was set predominantly in an apartment block on New York City's Upper West Side (but shot mostly in Los Angeles, California)?

Gay & Lesbian Studies: Motion Picture Videos in the Media Resources Center, UC Berkeley Gay Men in the Movies Adventures of Felix (Drole de Felix) (France, 2000) Directors, Olivier Ducastel & Jacques Martineau. Cast: Sami Bouajila, Patachou, Ariane Ascaride, Pierre-Loup Rajot, Charly Sergue, Maurice Benichou. This French comedy-drama features Felix, an unemployed, gay Frenchman of Arab descent, who has a series of adventures during a trek through the French countryside. The film examines the familiar theme of a man's search for his identity. Felix is forced toconfront the anger he feels toward his father forabandoning him, and the fear and shame he feels, living as an outsider in a predominantly straight, Caucasian world. 95 min. DVD 1706 Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert . (Australia, 1994) Directed by Stephan Elliott. With a contract to perform a drag show way out in the Australian desert, Tick, Adam, and Ralph each has his own reason for wanting to leave the safety of Sydney. Christening their battered pink tour bus "Priscilla," the trio heads for the outback and into crazy adventures in even crazier outfits.  102 min. DVD 2204 Barrios, Richard. "Silent Existences." In: Screened out : playing gay in Hollywood from Edison to Stonewall / Richard Barrios. New York : Routledge, 2003. pp: 17-18 (Main (Gardner) Stacks; Moffitt; PFA  PN1995.9.H55 B37 2003) All In The Family. Producer, Norman Lear; director, John Rich. Cast: Carroll O'Connor, Jean Stapleton, Rob Reiner, Sally Struthers. Three episodes from one of the first sit-coms to take on controversial social issues. Judging Books by Covers: Archie ridicules Mike and Gloria's intellectual friend Roger for being gay, but he is straight as an arrow. Archie later discovers that his macho drinking buddy is gay and proud of it. (Also contains two other espisodes: Gloria discovers women's lib, and Gloria poses in the nude.) 1971. ca.75 min. Video/C 6897 And the Band Played On (TV, 1993) Directed by Roger Spottiswoode. Cast: Matthew Modine, Alan Alda, Phil Collins, Richard Gere, Anjelica Huston, Steve Martin, Ian McKellan, Lily Tomlin, Glenne Headly, Swoosie Kurtz, Richard Masur, Saul Rubinek, Charles Martin Smith, B.D. Wong. Follows the struggle of a handful of strong-willed men and women who took on the fight to save lives in the face of a mysterious illness now called AIDS. Based on the book by Randy Shilts. 140 min. DVD X3661; vhs 999:969 Credits and other information from the Internet Movie Database The Angelic Conversation (UK, 1985) Directed by Derek Jarman. Cast: Paul Reynolds, Phillip Williamson, Dave Baby, Timothy Burke, Simon Costin ... [et al.]. Fourteen of Shakespeare's sonnets are taken as a basis for a rapturous celebration of homoerotic love in both its spiritual and sensual dimensions. Emotive readings of Shakespeare sonnets by Judi Dench. 78 min. DVD X59 Derek Jarman bibliography Angels in America (TV, 2004) Directed by Mike Nichols. Cast: Al Pacino, Meryl Streep, Emma Thompson, Mary-Louise Parker, Jeffrey Wright, Justine Kirk, Ben Shenkman, Patrick Wilson, Brian Markinson, James Cromwell. Set in 1985, this made for television drama revolves around two very different men with AIDS. Roy Cohn, personifies all the hypocrisy, delusion and callousness of the official response to the plague. Nothing shakes Roy's lack of empathy: even on his death bed, he's fighting with his gay nurse and taunting the woman he helped put to death, Ethel Rosenberg. The other patient is Prior Walter, who is visited by an angel and deserted by his self-pitying lover, Louis. Louis moves on to a relationship with Joe Pitt, a Mormon lawyer whose closeted homosexuality drives his wife to delusions and brings his mother to New York. 352 min. DVD 2964 Kenneth Anger bibliography [Anger, Kenneth] Films of Kenneth Anger, Vol. 2 Scorpio rising (1964, 28 min.) -- Kustom kar kommandos (1965, 3 min.) -- Invocation of my demon brother (1969, 12 min.) -- Rabbit's moon (1979 version, 7 min.) -- Lucifer rising (1981, 29 min.) Scorpio rising: Bruce Byron, Johnny Sapienza, Frank Carif


Which pen manufacturer was founded in 1891 in Janesville, Wisconsin, USA?

The Parker Pen Company - FountainPen The Parker Pen Company Jump to: navigation , search This page is a translated version of the page Parker and the translation is 100% complete. Parker is one of the few American historical fountain pens brand remained continuously active to this day. The Parker Pen Company was founded by George Safford Parker in 1888 in Janesville, Wisconsin. Today the company is owned by Sanford , a division of Newell Rubbermaid that also owns Waterman . Although the company always produced good quality fountain pens, Parker golden age goes from the '20s to '60s, when the company has distinguished itself for its great innovation capacity, obtaining always strong success. Thanks also to the creation of a vast network of branch offices (Canada, England, Denmark, France, Mexico, and Argentina), the company always maintained top rankings in worldwide sales of fountain pens, and was successful also in the ballpoint pen era. Together with Sheaffer , Waterman and Wahl-Eversharp is a recognized member of the Big Four . Parker Parker early plant Parker was founded in Janesville in Wisconsin in 1888 by George Safford Parker, which previously had operated as a reseller for the John Holland Pen Company . George Safford Parker, who worked as a teacher of telegraphy, supplemented its income with the trade in fountain pens. Having to repair the pens that he sold, it began to improve their functioning, and because the pens he changed worked better than the original and had success, he decided to found his own company. Early Lucky Curve He obtained his first patent ( nº US-416944 ) in 1889 , and a subsequent patent ( nº US-512319 ) in 1894 for his special Lucky Curve feeder, which went back inside the pen with a special curved shape that is claimed to be able to call back the excess ink when the pen was not in use. In 1891 George Parker associated with William F. Palmer, an insurer and they incorporated The Parker Pen Company in Janesville. In fact, the " Lucky Curve " was simply a good feeder, which remained in production until 1928 , and was used as a trademark for a number of pens, but there are doubts that the curved form actually had the effect to avoid the accumulation of ink, because much repairers cutted it, because the curved part makes it difficult to reinsert it between the nib and section. A rare Parker Snake In the early years Parker began manufacturing good quality hard rubber pens. In this period it was famous for her silver overlay pens, and in particular for the Snake pen with a snake shaped overlay , that is sought after by collectors for its rarity, and for the Black Giant pen, characterized by a very large size. Another distinction point for Parker pens was the creation of button filler , introduced in 1913 as reaction to the creation of the lever filler , which was never been used in the company's flagship models, despite is diffusion between all the competitors of that time. Duofold advertisement from '20s. Parker continued to produce hard rubber pens with good results, focusing on the functionality of his pens and on the benefits of the button filler , but the real breakthrough came in 1921 with the launch of Duofold , which was a huge success, by getting the company at the top of sales. The creation of a large pen, made of hard rubber of a bright red color, was a revolution in the fountain pen world until then dominated by the black color, and foreshadowed the introduction of the celluloid colors by several years. The success of the Duofold , despite its price (10 dollars) was high for the time, continued for over a decade in which the models were revised several times, adjusting the production to the introduction of new materials such as celluloid or the new Streamlined style with tapered models. In 1923 was opened a plant in Canada, and was introduced a Lady Duofold model for women. In 1926 also the Parker began to move production from hard rubber to celluloid. All color for Vest pocket Duofold . In 1926 was introduced an economic model, the Parker DQ , named such as Duofold Quality and at


When did the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), formerly the governing body of cricket in England and across the world, pass most of its global functions to the International Cricket Council (ICC)?

HISTORY AND SPORTS the STORY of CRICKET |authorSTREAM HISTORY AND SPORTS THE STORY OF CRICKET   Does not support media & animations   Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed   The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites . Views:   This Presentation is Public   Favorites:  1 HISTORY AND SPORTS: THE STORY OF CRICKET PowerPoint Presentation: PREPARED BY : L.C.ANUSHYA IX –A ROLL NO.-01 SUBMITTED TO: HUSSAIN SIR CRICKET: CRICKET Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players each on a field at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch . Each team takes its turn to bat , attempting to score runs , while the other team fields . Each turn is known as an innings . INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION Cricket grew out of the many stick-and-ball games played in England 500 years ago, under a variety of different rules.  The word ‘bat’ is an old English word that simplifies stick or club. By the seventeenth century , cricket had evolved enough to be recognizable as a distinct game and it was popular enough for its fans to be fined for playing it on Sunday instead of going to Church. Derivation of the name of “cricket: Derivation of the name of “cricket A number of words are thought to be possible sources for the term "cricket". In the earliest known reference to the sport in 1598 it is called cricket .  The name may have been derived from the Middle Dutch rick meaning a stick; or the Old English crick or cryce meaning a crutch or staff. ORIGIN OF CRICKET: ORIGIN OF CRICKET No one knows when or where cricket began but there is a body of evidence, that strongly suggests the game was devised during Saxon or Norman times by children living in the Weald, an area of dense woodlands and clearings in south-east England that lies across Kent and Sussex. In medieval times, the Weald was populated by small farming and metal-working communities. It is generally believed that cricket survived as a children's game for many centuries before it was increasingly taken up by adults around the beginning of the 17th century. Cricket in 17th century: Cricket in 17 th century Earlier cricket used to thrive greatly as a gambling game. People used to place huge amounts of bets in matches and thus the game started to get recognition. Cricket was in fact a major gambling sport towards the end of the 17th century . CRICKET IN 18TH CENTURY: CRICKET IN 18 TH CENTURY In the year 1787, the Marylebone Cricket Club also known MCC was created. The MCC has since then gone on to become one of the most prominent bodies in world cricket . Late18th century was a very crucial phase for the development of the game, both within and outside Britain. The game was spread far and wide mainly due to England’s imperialism . Cricket in 19th century: Cricket in 19 th century The game also underwent a fundamental change of organisation with the formation for the first time of county clubs. All the modern county clubs, starting with Sussex in 1839, were founded during the 19th century. No sooner had the first county clubs established themselves than they faced what amounted to "player action" as William Clarke created the travelling All-England Eleven in 1846. Though a commercial venture, this team did much to popularise the game in districts which had never previously been visited by high-class cricketers. Other similar teams were created and this vogue lasted for about thirty years The Cricket Field : The Cricket Field Some more basics: Some more basics 11 player per side 2 batsmen are in action at a time 1 bowler bowls 1 wicket keeper 9 fielders 2 umpires 2 sets of wickets on each side Development of the laws : Development of the laws  The basic rules of cricket such as bat and ball, the wicket, pitch dimensions, over's, how out, etc. have existed since time immemorial. In 1728, the Duke of Richmond and Alan Brodick drew up "Articles of Agreement" to determine the code of practice in a particular game and this became a common feature, especially around payment of stake money and distributing the


T. S. Eliot Biography - life, family, children, name, story, death, wife, school, young T. S. Eliot Biography London, England American-born English author, poet, critic, playwright, editor, and     publisher T. S. Eliot, American-English author, was one of the most significant    poets writing in English in the twentieth century, as well as one of the    most influential critics, an interesting playwright, editor, and    publisher. Eliot's youth On September 26, 1888, Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in St. Louis,     Missouri, a member of the third generation of a New England family that     had come to St. Louis in      1834. Eliot's grandfather, William Greenleaf Eliot, Unitarian     minister and founder of schools, a university, and charities, was the     family patriarch, or leader. While carrying on a tradition of public     service, the Eliots never forgot their New England ties. T. S. Eliot     claimed that he was a child of both the Southwest and New England. In     Massachusetts he missed Missouri's dark river, cardinal birds,     and lush vegetation. In Missouri he missed the fir trees, song sparrows,     red granite shores, and blue sea of Massachusetts. Eliot family Henry Ware Eliot, the father of T. S. Eliot, became chairman of the     board of a brick company and served the schools and charities his father     had helped found, as well as others. He married a New Englander,     Charlotte Champ. After having six children, she focused her energy on     education and legal protection for the young. She also wrote a     biography, some religious poems, and a dramatic poem (1926). Eliot grew up within the family's tradition of service to     religion, community, and education. Years later he declared, "Missouri and the Mississippi have made a deeper impression on me     than any part of the world." The Eliots spent summers on Cape     Ann, Massachusetts. Education of a poet In St. Louis young Eliot received a classical education privately and at     Smith Academy, originally named Eliot Academy. He composed and read the     valedictory (something that involves a farewell) poem for his graduation     in 1905. After a year at Milton Academy in Massachusetts, he went to     Harvard T. S. Eliot. AP/Wide World Photos . University in 1906. Eliot was shy and independent and he made a good     impression as a contributor and editor of the Harvard Advocate. He completed his bachelor of arts degree in three years. Eliot's stay at Harvard to earn a master of arts in philosophy     (the study of knowledge) was interrupted by a year at the Sorbonne (The     University of Paris) in Paris, France. He returned to Harvard in 1911     but in 1914 he went overseas again on a Harvard scholarship to study in     Germany. When World War I (1914–18; a war fought between the     German-led Central powers and the Allies: England, the United States,     and France, among      other nations) broke out, he transferred to Merton College, Oxford.     Ezra Pound (1885–1972), the young American poet, discovered Eliot     at Oxford. They shared a commitment to learning and poetry. After     Oxford, Eliot decided to stay in England and in 1915 married Vivienne     Haigh-Wood. He taught at Highgate Junior School for boys near London     (1915–1916) and then worked for Lloyd's Bank. While     teaching, he completed his dissertation (a writing on a subject that is     required for a doctorate degree), Knowledge and Experience in the Philosophy of F. H. Bradley. The dissertation was accepted, but Eliot did not return to the United     States to defend it and therefore did not receive his doctorate. Early poetry When the United States entered World War I in 1917, Eliot tried to join     the U.S. Navy but was rejected for physical reasons. That year his first     volume of poetry, Prufrock and Other Observations, appeared and almost immediately became the focus for discussion and


One of the earliest European explorers to reach Australia and New Zealand has which island named after him?

Early explorers – traversing the continent | australia.gov.au Early explorers – traversing the continent Aboriginal trackers Early explorers – traversing the continent J. C. Armytage, Return of Burke and Wills to Coopers Creek, engraving, in Australia by Edwin Carton Booth, opp. p. 182. Image courtesy of the National Library of Australia. When the English colonised Australia in 1788, little was known about the land by the colonists. Many explorers were sent, or volunteered to travel north and south along the coast, and west into the inland, seeking to cross the Great Dividing Range. Most expeditions were officially sponsored, but some were commissioned by private investors. Explorers set out to discover rivers and land suitable for agriculture as well as to survey the land. Later, it was important to discover the best routes for lines of communication. A major expedition usually produced a published report, known as a 'journal', and a map showing geographical features such as rivers, mountains, plains and deserts, and sometimes information about Aboriginal groups the explorer encountered. The maps named the country they described. Occasionally Aboriginal names were used, for example, Murrumbidgee. Usually, though, the explorers named places after people, such as members of the British royal family, politicians or expedition members. Other names were coined to describe geographic characteristics, such as 'Tidal River', or a place in the story of the expedition, such as Mount Disappointment. Exploration parties always consisted of a team of men. The smallest groups numbered just two or three, while the best-equipped included gentlemen, Aboriginal guides and negotiators, smiths, carpenters, shipwrights, horsemen, labourers, horses, sometimes camels or bullocks, and scores of sheep and cattle. In either case, it became customary to speak of an expedition as if it were the work of a single man or partnership - as if the white 'explorers' were somehow alone and transcendent in the midst of their men. Davison, G, Hirst, J and MacIntyre, S (eds.), The Oxford Companion to Australian History, Revised Edition, Oxford University Press, 2001 This exploration posed monumental challenges. Some successful inland explorers like Major Mitchell and Edward John Eyre, who survived their journeys, travelled lightly, had good knowledge of 'the bush' and bushcraft, and were often accompanied by Aboriginal trackers and 'diplomats' in order to seek information from the local inhabitants. Others, like Burke and Wills, who refused to trade or deal with the local Aborigines of the Darling River, did so at their own peril. In between there were other explorers like John Oxley, whose expedition of men travelled independently. Oxley acknowledged, however, that his expedition's survival depended upon access to native wells and at times, the Oxley expedition's fell in with a native family'. The explorers experienced extreme hardship and were faced with what D H Lawrence termed the land's 'lost, weary aloofness' - whether this was the impenetrable mountains or the oppressive heat and insects of tropical Australia. The efforts and sacrifices of these both brave and sometimes foolhardy men paved the way for English settlements beyond the early-settled areas of Port Jackson, Port Phillip, Moreton Bay, Adelaide and Perth. South to north Burke and Wills – success at a cost Burke and Wills were the first colonists to traverse the continent from south to north. Their 1860 journey of exploration was the largest and most costly ever mounted in Australia. It was also one of the worst failures, with many men needlessly losing their lives. Ludwig Becker, Aborigines at Menindee, col sketch, [sketched on the Burke and Wills expedition]. Image courtesy of the State Library of Victoria. Burke and Wills travelled from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Their 28 horses and wagons and 24 camels carried, among other things, two years supply of food and around six tones of firewood. Their expedition caravan was observed by local Aborigines who were alarmed at the damage to


"What is the contraction of the German ""Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei"" in common use in English?"

Is there any relation in etymology between the words Ashkenazi and Nazi? - Quora Quora You were redirected because this question was merged with Do Ashkenazi and Nazi share the same roots? Answer Wiki No. The full name of Adolf Hitler's party was Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party). The shorthand Nazi was formed from the first two syllables of the German pronunciation of the word "national".   Ashkenaz is a Hebrew name appearing as early as Genesis 10:3. Here, the -i suffix makes it into something that describes a nationality, ethnicity, or some particular class of people (like Israel-->Israeli). Written Feb 15, 2015 There is no etymological connection at all. Ashkenazi is a derivation of Ashkenaz , the son of Japheth and grandson of Noah in the book of Genesis in the Bible. Nazi is a contraction of Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei , the full name of the Nazi Party. There was never any such organisation as Nazi’s or a Nazi Party The National Socialists (N.S.D.A.P. Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) never referred to themselves as “Nazi’s.” It was, as it still is today, a political slogan used as a repressive weapon for the purposes of ‘stifling dissent’ – the very thing everyone wants to accuse “evil Nazis” of having done. It’s time to debunk the “Nazi” epithet and to learn where it came from, who invented it and why. The fact is, that the term “Nazi” was created by the enemies of the National Socialists (the NSDAP). It was a pejorative term; an insult or a slur. The Germans, not even Hitler nor any other top party officials ever called themselves “Nazis”! They called themselves “National Socialists” and nothing else. Those who can read German and have studied any of the original documents and speeches know this already, but most don’t. The term “Nazi” (along with “Nazism”) is a political epithet invented by Konrad Heiden during the 1920’s as a means of denigrating the NSDAP and National Socialism. Heiden was a journalist and member of the Social Democratic Party. The term “Nazi” is a variation of the nickname that was used in reference to members of Heidens’ SDP at the time, “Sozi” (short for Sozialisten). “Nazi” was a political pun, based upon the Austro-Bavarian slang word for “simpleton” or “country bumpkin” and derived from the fairly common name Ignatz. It would be like saying “nutsy.” So, if for no other reason, one should easily understand why the term was regarded as derogatory by the National Socialists and why they would never use it to describe themselves. One should also see why it would be used and popularised by the Marxist-Bolshevik agitators and understand how it was seized upon by various other political opponents and subversive types, both within Germany and abroad, including the international media and political leaders of the western powers. It should immediately become apparent that, if there is no such thing as a “Nazi,” except in the propaganda which was invented and spewed by this man, then it follows logically, that there is also no such thing as a “Neo-Nazi” either. Those who would describe themselves as such are as ignorant as those who say they hate “Nazis” – they are equally deceived. Further, again, if there was no such thing as a “Nazi,” (or of the conspiratorial suggestion of the purported etymology of ‘Na-Zi’) then there was no political party merger between the National Socialists and the Zionists, as suggested by those who believe everything is a ‘Conspiracy’ – they have also been deceived by the “Alternate Media’s” intentional confusion… Co-intel created to keep us misdirected and divided, thus paralysed from direction and action.


At which racecourse would you find Beecher's Brook and Canal Turn?

Course and Fences It is illegal for anyone aged under 18 to gamble Grand National Course and Fences The Grand National is the ultimate test of horse and jockey. The race comprises two full circuits of a unique 2ï¿½ mile (3,600 metres) course, where challengers will face 30 of the most testing fences in the world of jump racing. It was originally designed as a cross-country steeplechase when it was first officially run in 1839. The runners started at a lane on the edge of the racecourse and raced away from the course out over open countryside towards the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The gates, hedges and ditches that they met along the way were flagged to provide them with the obstacles to be jumped along the way with posts and rails erected at the two points where the runners jumped a brook. The runners returned towards the racecourse by running along the edge of the canal before re-entering the course at the opposite end. The runners then ran the length of the racecourse before embarking on a second circuit before finishing in front of the stands. The majority of the race therefore took place not on the actual Aintree Racecourse but instead in the adjoining countryside. That countryside was incorporated into the modern course but commentators still often refer to it as "the country", much to the confusion of millions of once-a-year racing viewers. Nowadays, around 150 tonnes of spruce branches, sourced and transported from forests in the Lake District, are used to dress the Liverpool course's jump fences. Each fence used to be made from a wooden frame and covered with the distinctive green spruce. However, a radical change for the 2013 renewal saw that frame replaced by a softer, more forgiving material known as "plastic birch", for safety reasons. Each of the 16 fences on the course are jumped twice, with the exception of The Chair and the Water Jump, which are jumped on the first circuit only. You can take a jockey's eye view of the Grand National course via the video below: Safety Changes Following safety reviews after both the 2011 and 2012 renewals, a number of changes were made to the course with some reductions in fences or the drop after fences, plus the levelling of landing zones. Since 2013, the start of the race is now 90 yards closer to the first fence, reducing the race to four miles and three-and-a-half furlongs, from four-and-a-half miles, while measures were introduced to stop horses getting caught up in the starting tape. In particular, the start now includes the 'no-go' zone, which is defined by a line on the track, being extended from 15 yards to around 30 yards from the starting tape. The starter's rostrum has been moved to a position between the starting tape and the 'no-go' zone to reduce the potential for horses to go through the starting tape prematurely. The tapes themselves are also more user-friendly, with increased visibility, while there is now a specific briefing between the starters' team and the jockeys on Grand National day. The changes to the start are aimed at slowing the speed the first fence is approached at, while moving the start further away from the crowd reduces noise that can distract the horses. The makeup of all of the fences changed significantly in 2013. The new fences are still covered in spruce, but wooden posts have been replaced by a softer material known as "plastic birch", and on top of that birch there's a minimum of fourteen to sixteen inches of spruce that the horses can knock off. The outward appearance of the fences remains the same. Other measures included ï¿½100,000 being invested in irrigation to produce the safest jumping ground possible and a new bypass and pen around fence four to catch riderless horses. The Start There is a hazard to overcome even before the race starts - the build up, parade and re-girthing prior to the off lasts for around 25 minutes, over double the time it takes for any other race. With 40 starters, riders naturally want a good sight of the first fence and after the long build-up their nerves are stretched to breaking point, which means


Which city, previously the Roman town of Vindobona, became the capital of the Duchy of Austria in 1156 and the capital of Hapsburg power base in the 13th century?

Osterreich | Article about Osterreich by The Free Dictionary Osterreich | Article about Osterreich by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Osterreich Related to Osterreich: Republik Osterreich Austria (ô`strēə), Ger. Österreich [eastern march], officially Republic of Austria, federal republic (2005 est. pop. 8,185,000), 32,374 sq mi (83,849 sq km), central Europe. It is bounded by Slovenia and Italy (S), Switzerland and Liechtenstein (W), Germany and the Czech Republic (N), and Slovakia and Hungary (E). Its capital and by far its largest city is Vienna Vienna , Ger. Wien, city and province (1991 pop. 1,539,848), 160 sq mi (414 sq km), capital and largest city of Austria and administrative seat of Lower Austria, NE Austria, on the Danube River. ..... Click the link for more information. . Land and People The Alps traverse Austria from west to east and occupy three fourths of the country. The highest peak in Austria is the Grossglockner (12,460 ft/3,798 m) in the Hohe Tauern group. The scenic beauty of Tyrol, the Salzkammergut, Innsbruck, the Austrian Alps, Kärnten, and Salzburg city, and the attractions of Vienna and other cultural centers have made Austria a major European tourist center. The country is drained by the Danube and its tributaries, the Inn, the Enns, the Mürz, and the Mur. Its nine provinces (Ger. Bundesländer) are Vorarlberg Vorarlberg , province (1991 pop. 331,472), 1,004 sq mi (2,600 sq km), extreme W Austria, bordering on Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and Germany. Bregenz, on the eastern shore of Lake Constance (Bodensee), is the capital. ..... Click the link for more information. , Tyrol Tyrol , Ger. Tirol, region and province (1991 pop. 631,410), 4,882 sq mi (12,644 sq km), W Austria. Innsbruck is the capital. The southern section of the historic region are now in Italy. ..... Click the link for more information. , Salzburg Salzburg , province (1991 pop. 482,365), c.2,760 sq mi (7,150 sq km), W central Austria, bordering Germany in the north and northwest. It is a predominately mountainous region, with parts of the Hohe Tauern Mts. and Salzburg Alps, and is drained by the Salzach River. ..... Click the link for more information. , Carinthia Carinthia , Ger. Kärnten, province (1991 pop. 547,798), c.3,680 sq mi (9,531 sq km), S Austria. Klagenfurt is the capital. Predominantly mountainous, it is the southernmost Austrian province, bordering on Italy and Slovenia in the south. ..... Click the link for more information. , Styria Styria , Ger. Steiermark , province (1991 pop. 1,184,593), 6,324 sq mi (16,379 sq km), central and SE Austria. Graz is the capital. Bordering on Slovenia in the south, Styria is predominately mountainous, with many forests, pastures, and meadowlands. ..... Click the link for more information. , Upper Austria Upper Austria, Ger. Oberösterreich, province (1991 pop. 1,333,480), 4,625 sq mi (11,979 sq km), NW Austria. Linz is the capital. Bordering on Germany in the west and the Czech Republic in the north, the province is predominantly hilly. ..... Click the link for more information. , Lower Austria Lower Austria, Ger. Niederösterreich, province (1991 pop. 1,480,927), c.7,400 sq mi (19,170 sq km), NE Austria. Vienna, although outside its boundaries, is the seat of the provincial government. ..... Click the link for more information. , Burgenland Burgenland , province (1991 pop. 270,880), 1,530 sq mi (3,963 sq km), E Austria. The capital is Eisenstadt. It is a narrow, hilly region bordering Slovakia in the northeast and Hungary in the east, and it is indented by Neusiedler Lake. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Vienna. Over 91% of Austrians are of Germanic ethnic origin, and some 74% are Roman Catholics. German is the official language, but Slovene, Croatian, and Hungarian are also spoken. Since 1945, Austria has received nearly 2 million refugees from the former Yugoslavia and elsewhere in Europe, though many of these continued on to other destinations. There are universities in Vienna, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Graz, Klagenfurt, Leoben, and Krems


What was Lieut. C D Lucas, RN, the first to receive as a result of his involvement in the bombardment of a Russian fortress in the Baltic on 21 June 1854?

W.L. Clowes on the 1854-56 Russian ('Crimean') War (1/4) 28 Capt. Warnier de Wailly The rest of the allied fleets lay off the town at a distance of about three and a half miles, the Sans Pareil , 70, screw, Captain Sidney Colpoys Dacres , and the Highflyer , 21, screw, Captain John Moore , being, however, kept ready as a reserve. At 5 A.M. on April 22nd, signal was made for the steamers and boats in the above list to attack the works on and near the Imperial Mole, which protected the military port. The Samson (the name is uniformly misspelt Sampson in the Navy Lists), Tiger , Vauban, and Descartes, forming a first division, led in, and opened a fire which was at once returned. The four vessels circled off the forts at a range of about 2000 yards, but, it would appear, effected little damage. On the other hand, the Vauban was set on fire by red-hot shot from the batteries, and was obliged to retire temporarily from the action. Thereupon (at 7 A.M.), the Furious , Terrible , Retribution , and Mogador were ordered to join the three ships which remained engaged; and presently both divisions anchored, in hopes of bettering their practice. A great improvement was at once apparent; and, ere long, a red-hot shot from the Terrible blew up a magazine on the Imperial Mole, and caused great devastation. The Vauban, having extinguished the fire, soon rejoined her consorts. Several ships in the military port burst into flames, and were ultimately destroyed; and, in the confusion, most of the British and French merchantmen which had lain within the Quarantine Mole escaped and put to sea. The rocket-boats did much damage to the storehouses in the dockyard, and burnt most of them. They also, assisted by the steamers, drove off a Russian field-battery which had suddenly opened upon them at close range from behind the shelter of some sheds on the low shore. To make a diversion, the Arethusa , late in the action, engaged the south side of the Quarantine Mole, and fought it under sail until she was recalled. The bombardment continued until 5.30 P.M., when, as it was desired to spare the town, which was then threatened by the advancing flames, the order was given to cease fire. The French appear to have lost no men, except in the Vauban, where 2 were killed and 1 was wounded: the Terrible , which was much cheered on her return to the fleet, had 2 killed and 5 wounded: the Retribution had 3 wounded: and the Samson had 5 wounded. Captain McCleverty remained throughout on the paddle-box of his frigate, which received twelve shot in her hull. The allied squadrons put to sea, and, after having reconnoitred Eupatoria on April 28th, appeared on the following day before Sebastopol. Ten ships of the line, eight frigates or corvettes, and five steamers were seen at anchor in the road; and four other ships of the line, besides small craft, were distinguished in the harbour, basins, and docks. The Russians made no sign of movement. In the early days of May a British and a French division, under Sir Edmund Lyons and Commodore Vicomte de Chabannes respectively, were detached to the eastern shores of the Black Sea. The force consisted of the French auxiliary screw ship of the line Charlemagne, 90, and the steam frigates Mogador and Vauban, and of the Agamemnon , 91 (flag), Captain Thomas Matthew Charles Symonds ; Samson , 6, Captain Lewis Tobias Jones ; and Highflyer , 21, Captain John Moore . All along the eastern coast were Russian military stations, most of which served merely as posts to keep in check the still unconquered tribes of the then recently occupied territory in the neighbourhood. In the majority of cases, the authority of the Russian garrisons extended very little beyond the range of their guns; and the places, in consequence, had to be fed and supplied by way of the sea. The declaration of war by Great Britain and France had, however, closed the sea to Russian transports, and had been quickly followed by the evacuation and destruction of all the stations except Anapa, Soujak Kaleh, and Redout Kaleh. Of those three posts, the two first were t


"The musical ""The King and I"" is associated with which geographical area?"

Cambodian history Cambodian music history A distinction must be made between "music in Cambodia" and "Cambodian music," for the former embraces all ethnic groups within the national boundaries while the latter is limited to the majority, Cambodians. The northern provinces of Rattanakiri and Mundulkiri include hilly plateaus which are home to the Pnorng (Pnorng), an upland Mon-Khmer speaking group, while in the southwest along the Koulen and Cardamom ranges are found the Kuoy (Kui), Por, Samre, and other upland Mon-Khmer speakers. Their musical expression emphasizes gong ensembles, drum ensembles, and free-reed mouth organs with gourd windchests. In the west, around the great lake (Tonle Sap) live Cham, Chinese, Vietnamese, and other lowland minorities, but the extent to which these groups maintain their traditional musics is not largely known. Cambodian music flourished in both court and village settings, some associated with specific functions, others with entertainment. In villages weddings are celebrated with kar music, communication with spirits is accompanied by arakk music, and entertainments include ayai repartee singing, chrieng chapey narrative, and yike and basakk theaters. At the court, dance, masked play, shadow play, and religious ceremonies are accompanied by the pinn peat ensemble and entertainment is provided by the mohori ensemble. Temples--urban or rural--often possess a pinn peat ensemble as well, but also a korng skor ensemble for funerals. Historical Perspectives Cambodian music reflects both geographical and historical relationships to neighboring cultures. The Indianization of Southeast Asia nearly 2,000 years ago included the area that became Cambodia and deeply influenced lowland peoples, especially the ruling elites. In later periods Chinese, French, Vietnamese, Cham came as well, all leaving their mark. The early ocean port near the Mekong delta known as Oc-Eo and called by later observers a "crossroad of the arts," was the most likely point of infusion. The Cambodians absorbed diverse influences from these peoples--language, concepts, writing systems, literature, religion, art styles, and musical instruments. But the Cambodians absorbed and adopted Indian, Chinese, European and other cultures to suit their own traditions and tastes, resulting in a distinct Cambodian Culture. Travelers from India offered the Cambodians languages, writing systems, the concept of the god-king, literature, styles of art, especially sculpture, Hinduism and Buddhism and their rituals, musical instruments, and likely the concept of cyclical time. The Chinese introduced cuisine, and musical instruments, i.e., two-stringed fiddles and hammered dulcimers, and a theatrical style which the Cambodians adapted into basakk theater. Europeans, especially the French, brought Roman Catholicism, technology, and much musical influence, including notation, classical European music and instruments, and popular music which the Cambodians adapted into the phleng samai (modern music). Overview of Historical Periods Little is known of the pre-historical period, before the coming of Indian traders and missionaries. Upland Mon-Khmer speakers living in the mountains straddling Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, where Indianization made little penetration, likely preserve the oldest strata of Cambodian culture. Animistic rites require music. The bronze gong ensembles and dancers of the Pnorng in Rattanakiri and Mundulkiri provinces are associated with Kapp Krabey Phoeuk Sra (Buffalo Sacrifice Ritual). Other dances, such as the Kngaok Posatt (Peacock of Pursat) and Tunsong (Wild Ox) preserved by the Por of Pursat and Kampong Chhnaing provinces, likely derived from rituals. Other musical instruments, such as the sneng (free-reed buffalo horn) used on elephant hunting expeditions and the ploy (free-reed mouth organ) with gourd windchest are survivals from the earliest periods. Indianization occurred during the Founan-Chenla period (first to ninth centuries), when the Cambodians juxtaposed prehistoric animistic rituals with those of newly adopted Hi


Which Greek letter usually denotes the brightest star in a constellation?

Beta Mon BETA MON (Beta Monocerotis). Dim constellations commonly hold remarkable sights. The luminary of Monoceros , the Unicorn, a modern constellation, is among them. None of the stars within the constellation carry proper names; the brighter ones are called out only by their Greek letters. While "Alpha" usually denotes the brightest star of a constellation, in the Unicorn -- as in neighboring Orion -- the brightest is fourth magnitude (3.92) Beta, which just barely nudges out Alpha Monocerotis (magnitude 3.93). Beta offers a bit of a subterfuge, however, as the telescope shows it to be a glorious triple star. If we take Beta's stars singly, then Alpha quite wins the brightness prize. At a distance of 690 light years, the three are lettered from west to east A, B, and C. B and C make a double 2.8 seconds of arc apart, while A stands off from them by 7.4 seconds of arc. B and C mostly likely orbit each other, while A orbits the pair. And most likely the distances are foreshortened, so A is really farther away in the background or foreground. The wonder of the trio is that they are close to identical. B and C span the border of sixth magnitude (5.4 and 5.6), while A tops them a bit at bright fifth (4.6). All are hot, blue-white B (class B3) stars with temperatures near 18,500 Kelvin. Star A, the most luminous, shines with 3200 solar luminosities, while B and C come in at 1600 and 1300 Sun s. The masses of the three (in order A, B, C) are 7, 6.2, and 6 solar. All are hydrogen-fusing dwarfs. Born only 34 million years ago, A (the most massive) is a bit farther along in its evolution, and has another 9 million years left before it gives up core-hydrogen- fusion and starts to become a giant. Given the minimum distances of 590 Astronomical Units that separate B and C, and 1570 that separate A from B-C, the B-C pair takes at least 4200 years to orbit each other, while A takes at least 14,000 to circuit the closer pair. Viewed from A, the B-C pair could be up to 20 degrees apart. The identity of the three continues with their rotations. A, B, and C rotate with respective minimum equatorial speeds of 346, 123, and 331 kilometers per second (compared with the Sun's 2 km/s). As a result, all three are "B-emission" stars that are outfitted with circulating circumstellar disks. A 12th magnitude star lurks within the system, though it is most likely a line-of- sight interloper.


"Who tried to win back the America's Cup from the New York Yacht Club 5 times between 1899 and 1930 in boats called ""Shamrock""?"

HISTORY OF THE AMERICA'S CUP - 35th America's Cup HISTORY OF THE AMERICA'S CUP A Brief History of The America's Cup  First contested in 1851, the America’s Cup is the oldest trophy in international sport, predating the modern Olympic Games by 45 years, and is yachting’s biggest prize. The trophy’s roots date back to when a syndicate of businessmen from New York sailed the schooner America across the Atlantic Ocean to represent the United States at the World’s Fair in England. The schooner won a race around the Isle of Wight and, with it, a trophy called the £100 Cup. (It was subsequently inscribed, incorrectly, as the 100 Guineas Cup.) Poster advertising the £100 Cup - an invitational race around the Isle of Wight off the South Coast of England. The yacht America beat the best of the British fleet to win the sterling silver trophy that would become the America’s Cup (named after the yacht, not the country) After winning the trophy, the United States embarked on what would become the longest winning streak in the history of sport, a 132-year stretch of domination that saw boats representing the country successfully defend the trophy 24 times from 1870 through 1980—until 1983, when Australia II became the first successful challenger to lift the trophy. Throughout its history, the America’s Cup has bedazzled a worldwide roster of business and industry tycoons such as Oracle’s Larry Ellison, brewing and real estate mogul Alan Bond, tea merchant Sir Thomas Lipton, aviation pioneer Sir T.O.M. Sopwith, the Aga Khan, media mogul Ted Turner, and Harold S. Vanderbilt, an American railroad executive who won the America’s Cup three times and also helped author the original racing rules of sailing. The yacht America beat the best of the British fleet to win the sterling silver trophy that would become the America’s Cup (named after the yacht, not the country). It’s also attracted larger-than-life sailing figures such as Tom Blackaller, Peter Blake, Paul Cayard, Dennis Conner, and Russell Coutts.  Now, a new generation of sailing superstars have taken up the challenge, like Britain’s Ben Ainslie and Iain Percy, and Australians Jimmy Spithill, Tom Slingsby and Nathan Outteridge, along with Kiwis Dean Barker, Peter Burling and Blair Tuke, and French superstar Franck Cammas   The Whole Story  1. IN THE BEGINNING In 1851 a radical looking schooner ghosted out of the afternoon mist and swiftly sailed past the Royal Yacht stationed in the Solent, between the Isle of Wight and the south coast of England, on an afternoon when Queen Victoria was watching a sailing race. As the schooner, named America, passed the Royal Yacht in first position, and saluted by dipping its ensign three times, Queen Victoria asked one of her attendants to tell her who was in second place.”Your Majesty, there is no second,” came the reply. That phrase, just four words, is still the best description of the America’s Cup, and how it represents the singular pursuit of excellence. Her Majesty Queen Victoria congratulates John Cox Stevens, Commodore of the New York Yacht Club, aboard the yacht America, winner of the £100 Cup. That day in August, 1851, the yacht America, representing the young New York Yacht Club, would go on to beat the best the British could offer and win the Royal Yacht Squadron’s 100 Pound Cup. This was more than a simple boat race however, as it symbolised a great victory for the new world over the old, a triumph that unseated Great Britain as the world’s undisputed maritime power. The trophy would go to the young democracy of the United States and it would be well over 100 years before it was taken away from New York. Shortly after America won the 100 Guinea Cup in 1851, New York Yacht Club Commodore John Cox Stevens and the rest of his ownership syndicate sold the celebrated schooner and returned home to New York as heroes. They donated the trophy to the New York Yacht Club under a Deed of Gift, which stated that the trophy was to be “a perpetual challenge cup for friendly competition between nations.” Thus was born the America’s Cup, named after t


"Who was ""The Hunchback of Notre Dame""?"

The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Hunchback of Notre Dame ( 1996 ) G | A deformed bell-ringer must assert his independence from a vicious government minister in order to help his friend, a gypsy dancer. Directors: Gary Trousdale , Kirk Wise Writers: Tab Murphy (animation story by), Victor Hugo (from the novel "Notre Dame de Paris" by) | 23 more credits  » Stars: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Lon Chaney Hunchback Of Notre Dame January 19th at Schlafly Bottleworks 16 January 2017 7:11 PM, -08:00 | WeAreMovieGeeks.com a list of 49 titles created 24 Dec 2010 a list of 42 titles created 15 Aug 2011 a list of 36 titles created 23 Dec 2013 a list of 33 titles created 24 Nov 2014 a list of 36 titles created 01 Dec 2015 Title: The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) 6.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Oscar. Another    8 wins & 21 nominations. See more awards  » Videos An English soldier and the daughter of an Algonquin chief share a romance when English colonists invade seventeenth-century Virginia. Directors: Mike Gabriel, Eric Goldberg Stars: Mel Gibson, Linda Hunt, Christian Bale A man raised by gorillas must decide where he really belongs when he discovers he is a human. Directors: Chris Buck, Kevin Lima Stars: Tony Goldwyn, Minnie Driver, Brian Blessed The son of the Greek Gods Zeus and Hera is stripped of his immortality as an infant and must become a true hero in order to reclaim it. Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker Stars: Tate Donovan, Susan Egan, James Woods A mermaid princess makes a Faustian bargain with an unscrupulous sea-witch in order to meet a human prince on land. Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker Stars: Jodi Benson, Rene Auberjonois, Christopher Daniel Barnes Directors: Clyde Geronimi, Wilfred Jackson, and 2 more credits  » Stars: Bobby Driscoll, Kathryn Beaumont, Hans Conried To save her father from death in the army, a young maiden secretly goes in his place and becomes one of China's greatest heroines in the process. Directors: Tony Bancroft, Barry Cook Stars: Ming-Na Wen, Eddie Murphy, BD Wong Directors: Clyde Geronimi, Wilfred Jackson, and 1 more credit  » Stars: Ilene Woods, James MacDonald, Eleanor Audley After being snubbed by the royal family, a malevolent fairy places a curse on a princess which only a prince can break, along with the help of three good fairies. Director: Clyde Geronimi Directors: William Cottrell, David Hand, and 4 more credits  » Stars: Adriana Caselotti, Harry Stockwell, Lucille La Verne Directors: Clyde Geronimi, Hamilton Luske, and 1 more credit  » Stars: Rod Taylor, Betty Lou Gerson, J. Pat O'Malley When a street urchin vies for the love of a beautiful princess, he uses a genie's magic power to make himself off as a prince in order to marry her. Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker Stars: Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin Directors: Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, and 5 more credits  » Stars: Dickie Jones, Christian Rub, Mel Blanc Edit Storyline In 15th century Paris, Clopin the puppeteer tells the story of Quasimodo, the misshapen but gentle-souled bell ringer of Notre Dame, who was nearly killed as a baby by Claude Frollo, the Minister of Justice. But Frollo was forced by the Archdeacon of Notre Dame to raise Quasimodo as his own. Now a young man, Quasimodo is hidden from the world by Frollo in the belltower of the cathedral. But during the Festival of Fools, Quasimodo, cheered on by his gargoyle friends Victor, Hugo, and Laverne, decides to take part in the festivities, where he meets the lovely gypsy girl Esmeralda and the handsome soldier Phoebus. The three of them find themselves ranged against Frollo's cruelty and his attempts to destroy the home of the gypsies, the Cour


Which journey by James Lovell, John Swigert and Fred Haise in 1970 almost ended in disaster?

NASA Apollo Mission Apollo-13 Odyssey (CM-109) and Aquarius (LM-7) Mission Objective: Apollo 13 was supposed to land in the Fra Mauro area. An explosion on board forced Apollo 13 to circle the moon without landing. The Fra Mauro site was reassigned to Apollo 14 . Launch: Saturday, April 11, 1970 at 13:13 CST. At five and a half minutes after liftoff, Swigert, Haise, and Lovell felt a little vibration. Then the center engine of the S-II stage shut down two minutes early. This caused the remaining four engines to burn 34 seconds longer than planned, and the S-IVB third stage had to burn nine seconds longer to put Apollo 13 in orbit. Days before the mission, backup LM pilot Charlie Duke inadvertently exposed the crew to German measles. Command module pilot, Ken Mattingly, turned out to have no immunity to measles and was replaced by backup command module pilot Jack Swigert. Ground tests before launch, indicated the possibility of a poorly insulated supercritical helium tank in the LM's descent stage so the flight plan was modified to enter the LM three hours early in order to obtain an onboard readout of helium tank pressure. The No. 2 oxygen tank, serial number 10024X-TA0009 had been previously installed in the service module of Apollo 10 , but was removed for modification (and was damaged in the process of removal). The tank was fixed, tested at the factory, installed in the Apollo 13 service module. and tested again during the Countdown Demonstration Test (CDT) at the Kennedy Space Center .beginning March 16, 1970. The tanks normally are emptied to about half full, and No. 1 behaved all right. But No. 2 dropped to only 92 percent of capacity. Gaseous oxygen at 80 psi was applied through the vent line to expel the liquid oxygen, but to no avail. An interim discrepancy report was written, and on March 27, two weeks before launch, detanking operations were resumed. No. 1 again emptied normally, but No. 2 did not. After a conference with contractor and NASA personnel, the test director decided to "boil off" the remaining oxygen in No. 2 by using the electrical heater within the tank. The technique worked, but it took eight hours of 65-volt DC power from the ground-support equipment to dissipate the oxygen. Due to an oversight in replacing an underrated component during a design modification, this turned out to severely damage the internal heating elements of the tank. Orbit: April 17, 1970 Mission Highlights: Third lunar landing attempt. Mission was aborted after rupture of service module oxygen tank. Classed as "successful failure" because of experience in rescuing crew. Spent upper stage successfully impacted on the Moon. The first two days the crew ran into a couple of minor surprises, but generally Apollo 13 was looking like the smoothest flight of the program. At 46 hours 43 minutes Joe Kerwin, the CapCom on duty, said, "The spacecraft is in real good shape as far as we are concerned. We're bored to tears down here." It was the last time anyone would mention boredom for a long time. At 55 hours 46 minutes, as the crew finished a 49-minute TV broadcast showing how comfortably they lived and worked in weightlessness, Lovell stated: "This is the crew of Apollo 13 wishing everybody there a nice evening, and we're just about ready to close out our inspection of Aquarius (the LM) and get back for a pleasant evening in Odyssey (the CM). Good night." Nine minutes later, Oxygen tank No. 2 blew up, causing No. 1 tank also to fail. The Apollo 13 command modules normal supply of electricity, light, and water was lost, and they were about 200,000 miles from Earth. The message came in the form of a sharp bang and vibration. Jack Swigert saw a warning light that accompanied the bang, and said, "Houston, we've had a problem here." Lovell came on and told the ground that it was a main B bus undervolt. The time was 2108 hours on April 13. Next, the warning lights indicated the loss of two of Apollo 13 's three fuel cells, which were the spacecrafts prime source of electricity. With warning lights blinking on, One Oxygen t


The lyrics of which song were inspired by the successful American defence of Fort McHenry in September 1814?

NMAH | A Moment of Triumph A Moment of Triumph Then in that hour of deliverance and joyful triumph, my heart spoke. —Francis Scott Key recalling the morning of September 14, 1814 By the “dawn’s early light” of September 14, 1814, Francis Scott Key, who was aboard a ship several miles distant, could just make out an American flag waving above Fort McHenry. British ships were withdrawing from Baltimore, and Key realized that the United States had survived the battle and stopped the enemy advance. Moved by the sight, he wrote a song celebrating “that star-spangled banner” as a symbol of America’s triumph and endurance. Collect Stars To Complete The Flag Found 00 of 15 When did Francis Scott Key write the lyrics that became the National Anthem? July 4, 1814 The morning after the battle, September 14, 1814 The night before the battle, September 13, 1814


What is a name for a hand-held weapon, used to strangle someone to death?

Garrote Wire | Deadliest Warrior Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit The Garrote wire is used to strangle one's opponent or cut into the neck, slicing through the carotid arteries. Because it is easily concealable, silent, and deadly, it is often used for assassinations in situations when a gun is not a suitable option. It is also possible to use a cloth garrote (such as a scarf) to choke out a target without killing them as a means of capturing them. Test Edit This weapon was tested against the KGB 's Shoe Knife . The garrote decapitated a gel torso but was determined to be heavily dependent on a surprise attack from behind. The edge was given to the shoe knife since it was more flexible and less disadvantaged than the garrote. Trivia


The first pilgrims sailed to America from which English Port?

The Pilgrims - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google The Mayflower Voyage The group that set out from Plymouth, in southwestern England, in September 1620 included 35 members of a radical Puritan faction known as the English Separatist Church. In 1607, after illegally breaking from the Church of England, the Separatists settled in the Netherlands, first in Amsterdam and later in the town of Leiden, where they remained for the next decade under the relatively lenient Dutch laws. Due to economic difficulties, as well as fears that they would lose their English language and heritage, they began to make plans to settle in the New World. Their intended destination was a region near the Hudson River, which at the time was thought to be part of the already established colony of Virginia . In 1620, the would-be settlers joined a London stock company that would finance their trip aboard the Mayflower, a three-masted merchant ship, in 1620. A smaller vessel, the Speedwell, had initially accompanied the Mayflower and carried some of the travelers, but it proved unseaworthy and was forced to return to port by September. Did You Know? Bradford and the other Plymouth settlers were not originally known as Pilgrims, but as "Old Comers." This changed after the discovery of a manuscript by Bradford in which he called the settlers who left Holland "saints" and "pilgrimes." In 1820, at a bicentennial celebration of the colony's founding, the orator Daniel Webster referred to "Pilgrim Fathers," and the term stuck. Some of the most notable passengers on the Mayflower included Myles Standish, a professional soldier who would become the military leader of the new colony; and William Bradford , a leader of the Separatist congregation who wrote the still-classic account of the Mayflower voyage and the founding of Plymouth Colony . While still on board the ship, a group of 41 men signed the so-called Mayflower Compact , in which they agreed to join together in a “civil body politic.” This document would become the foundation of the new colony’s government. Settling at Plymouth Rough seas and storms prevented the Mayflower from reaching their initial destination, and after a voyage of 65 days the ship reached the shores of Cape Cod, anchoring on the site of Provincetown Harbor in mid-November. After sending an exploring party ashore, the Mayflower landed at what they would call Plymouth Harbor, on the western side of Cape Cod Bay, in mid-December. During the next several months, the settlers lived mostly on the Mayflower and ferried back and forth from shore to build their new storage and living quarters. The settlement’s first fort and watchtower was built on what is now known as Burial Hill (the area contains the graves of Bradford and other original settlers). More than half of the English settlers died during that first winter, as a result of poor nutrition and housing that proved inadequate in the harsh weather. Leaders such as Bradford, Standish, John Carver, William Brewster and Edward Winslow played important roles in keeping the remaining settlers together. In April 1621, after the death of the settlement’s first governor, John Carver, Bradford was unanimously chosen to hold that position; he would be reelected 30 times and served as governor of Plymouth for all but five years until 1656. Relations with Native Americans The native inhabitants of the region around Plymouth Colony were the various tribes of the Wampanoag people, who had lived there for some 10,000 years before the Europeans arrived. Soon after the Pilgrims built their settlement, they came into contact with Tisquantum, or Squanto, an English-speaking Native American. Squanto was a member of the Pawtuxet tribe (from present-day Massachusetts and Rhode Island ) who had been seized by the explorer John Smith’s men in 1614-15. Meant for slavery, he somehow managed to escape to England, and returned to his native land to find most of his tribe had died of plague. In addition to interpreting and mediating between the colonial leaders and Native American chiefs (including Massasoit,


At which Olympiad did the Olympic symbol of five rings officially debut?

Olympic Games | Olympics Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Main article: Summer Olympic Games After the initial success, the Olympics struggled. The celebrations in Paris (1900) and St. Louis (1904) were overshadowed by the World's Fair exhibitions in which they were included. The 1906 Intercalated Games (so-called because of their off-year status, as 1906 is not divisible by four) were held in Athens, as the first of an alternating series of Athens-held Olympics. Although originally the IOC recognised and supported these games, they are currently not recognised by the IOC as Olympic Games, which has given rise to the explanation that they were intended to mark the 10th anniversary of the modern Olympics. The 1906 Games again attracted a broad international field of participants—in 1904, 80% had been American—and great public interest, thereby marking the beginning of a rise in popularity and size of the Games. From the 241 participants from 14 nations in 1896, the Games grew to nearly 11,100 competitors from 202 countries at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The number of competitors at the Winter Olympics is much smaller than at the Summer Games; at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin Italy, 2,633 athletes from 80 countries competed in 84 events. The Olympics are one of the largest media events. In Sydney in 2000, there were over 16,000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television. The growth of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today. Although allowing professional athletes and attracting sponsorships from major international companies solved financial problems in the 1980s, the large number of athletes, media and spectators makes it difficult and expensive for host cities to organize the Olympics. For example, the 2012 Olympics (which were held in London), is based on an updated budget of over £9bn—one of the biggest budgets for an Olympics to date. Even if sponsorships do lighten the load in terms of the debt that these countries take on, one of the biggest problems faced is how their economies will cope with the extra financial burdens put on them. Despite the Olympics usually being associated with one host city, most of the Olympics have had events held in other cities, especially the football and sailing events. There were two Olympics where some events were held in a different country: during the 1920 Antwerp Olympics two sailing races were held in the Netherlands; and during the Melbourne Olympics equestrian events were held in Sweden. The 2008 Beijing Olympics marked the third time that Olympic events have been held in the territories of two different NOC 's: at the 2008 Olympics, equestrian events were held in Hong Kong (which competes separately from mainland China.) 203 countries currently participate in the Olympics. This is a noticeably higher number than the number of countries belonging to the United Nations, which is only 193. The International Olympic Committee allows nations to compete which do not meet the strict requirements for political sovereignty that many other international organizations demand. As a result, many colonies and dependencies are permitted to host their own Olympic teams and athletes even if such competitors hold the same citizenship as another member nation. Examples of this include territories such as Puerto Rico , Bermuda , and Hong Kong , all of which compete as separate nations despite being legally a part of another country. Also, since 1980, Taiwan has competed under the name " Chinese Taipei ", and under a flag specially prepared by the IOC. Prior to that year the People's Republic of China refused to participate in the Games because Taiwan had been competing under the name "Republic of China". The Republic of the Marshall Islands was recognised as a nation by the IOC on February 9, 2006, and competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . [9] Youth Olympic Games Main article: Youth Olympic Games The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) [10] are planned to be a "junior" version of the Games, complement


"Who had hit records with ""Eh Eh"", ""Let's Dance"" and ""Poker Face""?"

Lady Gaga —   Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm country Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), who performs under the stage name Lady Gaga, is a singer, songwriter and musician from New York City, New York, United States. Before Gaga adopted her stage name she was in a band called Stefani Germanotta Band . She released her first EP, “ Red and Blue ", in early 2006. The following year, music producer Rob Fusari dubbed her Lady Gaga, inspired by the Queen song "Radio Gaga". After this she recorded her… read more


The spiny leguminous plant called furze is also known as what?

Fabaceae: Legume or Pea Family. Identify plants, flowers, shrubs and trees. Plants of the Pea Family (Previously known as the Legume Family: Leguminosae)       If you have seen a pea or bean blossom in the garden, then you will be able to recognize members of the Pea family. These are irregular flowers, with 5 petals forming a distinctive "banner, wings, and keel", as shown in the illustration. The banner is a single petal with two lobes though it looks like two that are fused together.  Two more petals form the wings. The remaining two petals make up the keel and are usually fused together. The proportions of the parts may vary from one species to another, but as long as there is clearly a banner, wings and keel, then the plant is a member of the Pea family. Pea-like pods are another distinctive trait of the family.       For practice, look at a head of clover in the lawn. You will see that each head is a cluster of many small Pea flowers, each with its own banner, wings, and keel. As the flowers mature each one forms a tiny pea-like pod.  I'll bet you never noticed that before!       The Pea family is very large, with 600 genera and 13,000 species worldwide, all descendents of the very first Pea flower of many millions of years ago. Over time the Peas have adapted to fit many different niches, from lowly clovers on the ground to stately trees that today shade city sidewalks. Families this large often have subgroupings called subfamilies and tribes. It works like this:       The most closely related species are lumped together into a single group or "genus". For example, there are about 300 species of clover in the world. Each one is clearly unique, but each one is also a clover, so they are all lumped together as one genus, Trifolium (meaning 3-parted leaves) and given separate species names such as T. arvense or T. pratense, etc.       If you compare clovers to other members of the Pea family then you will see that they share more in common with alfalfa and sweet clover than with other plants like beans or caragana bushes. Therefore the clover-like plants are lumped together as the Clover tribe while the bean-like plants are lumped together as the Bean tribe, and so forth, for a total of eight tribes. Each of these tribes share the distinctive banner, wings and keel, so they are all lumped together as the Pea subfamily of the Pea family. All Peas across the northern latitudes belong to this group.       As you move south you will encounter more species of the Pea subfamily, plus other plants from the Mimosa and Bird-of-Paradise-Tree or Senna Subfamilies. These groups include mostly trees and shrubs, but also a few herbs. Their flowers do not have the banner, wings, and keel, however most have pinnate leaves, much like the one in the illustration, plus the distinctive pea-like pods that open along two seams. Each subfamily is distinct enough to arguably qualify as a family in its own right, but they still share enough pattern of similarity between them to lump them together as subcategories of a single family.       Overall, the plants of the Pea family range from being barely edible to barely poisonous. Some species do contain toxic alkaloids, especially in the seed coats. Many people are familiar with the story of Christopher McCandless who trekked into the Alaska wilderness in 1992 and was found dead four months later. He had been eating the roots of Hedysarum alpinum, and assumed the seeds were edible too, so he gathered and ate a large quantity of them over a two-week period. The seeds, however, contained the same toxic alkaloid found in locoweed, which inhibits an enzyme necessary for metabolism in mammals. It is now believed that McCandless was still eating, but starved to death because his body was unable to utilize the food. Even the common garden pea can lead to depression and nervous disorders with excess consumption. So it is possible to poison yourself with members of this family, but it takes some effort. Key Words: "Banner, wings, and keel". Pea-like pods, often with pinnate leav


David Ben-Gurion became Prime Minister of the provisional government of which newly created country on 15 May 1948?

David Ben-Gurion | JSource David Ben-Gurion David Ben Gurion (16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973), Israel ’s first prime minister, was one of the most important Jewish and Zionist leaders of the 20th century. His uncompromising vision of Jewish unity and statehood, together with a genius for pragmatic political and military tactics, enabled him to establish the State of Israel and guide it through the social, economic, and military challenges of its early years. He was a fiercely combative, stubborn figure, and the feuds he conducted continue to simmer decades after his death. Still, more than any other individual, he is regarded as the father of the modern Jewish nation. An Early Zionist He was born David Gruen (pronounced Green) in Plonsk, in Russian Poland, and grew up in a family committed to the Zionist cause. In 1905, as a student at the University of Warsaw, he joined the Social-Democratic Jewish Workers’ Party – Poalei Zion. Active in revolutionary politics and in Jewish self-defense units, he was arrested twice during the Russian Revolution of 1905. He emigrated to Ottoman Palestine in 1906 and worked as a laborer and watchman in the Jewish settlements of Rishon Letzion and Petah Tikvah. Almost immediately he took up positions of leadership in the Palestine section of  Poalei Zion. In 1909 he volunteered with Hashomer (The Watchman), the early Zionist self-defense force. On 7 November 1911, Ben-Gurion arrived in Thessaloniki (Salonika), planning to learn Turkish in preparation for studying law. The city, which had a large Jewish community, impressed Ben-Gurion. He called it “a Jewish city that has no equal in the world”. He also realized there that “the Jews were capable of all types of work,” from rich businessmen and professors, to merchants, craftsmen and porters. In 1912, he moved to Istanbul, the Ottoman capital, to study law at Istanbul University together with his close friend Yitzhak Ben-Zvi (Shimshelevich), with whom he had left Poland in 1906. He adopted the Hebrew name Ben-Gurion, after the medieval historian Joseph ben-Gorion. He also worked as a journalist. Ben-Gurion saw the future of Zionism as dependent on the behavior of the Ottoman regime. Living in Jerusalem at the start of the First World War, he and Ben-Zvi recruited 40 Jews into a Jewish militia to assist the Ottoman Army. Despite this he was deported to Egypt in March 1915. From there he and Ben-Zvi made their way to the United States. On arrival the pair went on a tour of 35 cities in an attempt to raise a pioneer army of 10,000 men to fight on Turkey’s side. In 1915 Ben-Gurion settled in Brooklyn, where he met and married a Russian-born nurse, Paula Munweis. Ben-Zvi settled in Washington, and the two cooperated on a history of the decade-old Zionist pioneer movement in Palestine, titled Hechalutz (The Pioneer). Although the book was published in Yiddish in 1918, disputes over the writing caused a rift between the two that never fully healed. Ben-Zvi left politics for academia until he was invited to return as Israel’s second ceremonial president in 1952, after the death of Chaim Weizmann. In 1918 Ben-Gurion joined the British Army as a member of the 38th Battalion Royal Fusiliers, known as the Jewish Legion, part of Chaytor’s Force, formed following the Balfour Declaration in November 1917. He and his family returned to Palestine after World War I following its capture by the British from the Ottoman Empire. In 1919, following the death of socialist-Zionist theorist Ber Borochov in Russia, the left and right wings of Poalei Zion split. Ben-Gurion and his friend Berl Katznelson led the right faction. The Right Poalei Zion joined with some smaller, independent groups to form Ahdut HaAvoda (Labor Unity) with Ben-Gurion as leader. In 1920 he led in the formation and subsequently became general secretary of the Histadrut, the Zionist Labor Federation in Palestine. Ben-Gurion believed that socialism and Zionism were two sides of the same ideological coin. Jewish nationalism sought not only to achieve Jewish economic


Which American was the first Western photographer allowed into the Soviet Union, the first female photojournalist for Life magazine, the first female war correspondent and the first to be allowed to work in combat zones during World War II?

1000+ images about Margaret Bourke-White on Pinterest | Perspective, American soldiers and Documentary photography Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas Margaret Bourke-White June 14, 1904 – August 27, 1971 American photographer and documentary photographer. She is best known as the first foreign photographer permitted to take pictures of Soviet Industry, the first female war correspondent (and the first female permitted to work in combat zones) and the first female photographer for Henry Luce's Life magazine, where her photograph appeared on the first cover. She died of Parkinson's disease about eighteen years after she developed her first symptoms. 25 Pins71 Followers


The volcano Mt Pinatubo is in which country?

The Cataclysmic 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, Fact Sheet 113-97 U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 113-97 The Cataclysmic 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines   The second-largest    volcanic eruption of this century, and by far the largest eruption to affect    a densely populated area, occurred at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines on    June 15, 1991. The eruption produced high-speed avalanches of hot ash and gas,    giant mudflows, and a cloud of volcanic ash hundreds of miles across. The impacts    of the eruption continue to this day.   A huge cloud of volcanic ash and gas rises above Mount    Pinatubo, Philippines, on June 12, 1991. Three days later, the volcano    exploded in the second-largest volcanic eruption on Earth in this century.    Timely forecasts of this eruption by scientists from the Philippine    Institute of Volcanology and Seismology and the U.S. Geological Survey    enabled people living near the volcano to evacuate to safer distances,    saving at least 5,000 lives. Precursors to the 1991 Eruptions On July 16, 1990, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake (comparable in size to the great 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake) struck about 60 miles (100 kilometers) northeast of Mount Pinatubo on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, shaking and squeezing the Earth's crust beneath the volcano. At Mount Pinatubo, this major earthquake caused a landslide, some local earthquakes, and a short-lived increase in steam emissions from a preexisting geothermal area, but otherwise the volcano seemed to be continuing its 500-year-old slumber undisturbed. In March and April 1991, however, molten rock (magma) rising toward the surface from more than 20 miles (32 kilometers) beneath Pinatubo triggered small earthquakes and caused powerful steam explosions that blasted three craters on the north flank of the volcano. Thousands of small earthquakes occurred beneath Pinatubo through April, May, and early June, and many thousand tons of noxious sulfur dioxide gas were also emitted by the volcano. Following Mount Pinatubo's cataclysmic June 15, 1991,    eruption, thousands of roofs collapsed under the weight of ash made wet by    heavy rains (see example in photo above). Ash deposits from the eruption    have also been remobilized by monsoon and typhoon rains to form giant    mudflows of volcanic materials (lahars), which have caused more    destruction than the eruption itself (photo at right shows village buried    by lahars). (Photo above courtesy of Peter Baxter, University of    Cambridge. The Eruptions From June 7 to 12, the first magma reached the surface of Mount Pinatubo. Because it had lost most of the gas contained in it on the way to the surface (like a bottle of soda pop gone flat), the magma oozed out to form a lava dome but did not cause an explosive eruption. However, on June 12 (Philippine Independence Day), millions of cubic yards of gas-charged magma reached the surface and exploded in the reawakening volcano's first spectacular eruption. When even more highly gas charged magma reached Pinatubo's surface on June 15, the volcano exploded in a cataclysmic eruption that ejected more than 1 cubic mile (5 cubic kilometers) of material. The ash cloud from this climactic eruption rose 22 miles (35 kilometers) into the air. At lower altitudes, the ash was blown in all directions by the intense cyclonic winds of a coincidentally occurring typhoon, and winds at higher altitudes blew the ash southwestward. A blanket of volcanic ash (sand- and silt-size grains of volcanic minerals and glass) and larger pumice lapilli (frothy pebbles) blanketed the countryside. Fine ash fell as far away as the Indian Ocean, and satellites tracked the ash cloud several times around the globe. Huge avalanches of searing hot ash, gas, and pumice fragments (pyroclastic flows) roared down the flanks of Mount Pinatubo, filling once-deep valleys with fresh volcanic deposits as much as 660 feet (200 meters) thick. The


Who created the character of Hercule Poirot?

Hercule Poirot Hercule Poirot Hercule Poirot Hercule Poirot Hercule Poirot is Agatha Christie's greatest creation, many say. One of the most famous detectives in all fiction, he was created in 1916 (when Agatha Christie penned the first novel The  Mysterious Affair at Styles). The Belgian detective appeared in 33 novels and 65 short stories and is the only fictional character to be honored with a front page obituary on The New York  Times. Poirot likes things in an orderly manner (ie, books arranged on a shelf according to height) and approves of symmetry everywhere  (residence Whitehaven Mansions is picked because of its symmetry). He despises dust and unclean homes and favors the indoors (especially central heating in the winter). Poirot also values  method--to him the greatest method or tool in solving crime is using the "gray cells" of the brain. He derides such methods as examing footprints, collecting cigarette ash, searching for clues  with a magnifying glass, or taking fingerprints. He says any crime can be solved with simply placing the puzzle pieces correctly. He is an armchair detective-- he has to simply "sit still in an  armchair and think". Of course, Poirot's mustache is as famous as his "little gray cells". He has pride is his luscious, waxed black mustache and is always meticulously dressed down to his patent leather shoes. Under this section titled "Hercule Poirot" is information on the television series that starred David Suchet, Agatha Christie's Poirot. This section is titled "'Poirot' TV Series" . There you will find how Mr. Suchet prepared for the role of the Belgian detective, a small photo gallery from the show, and more. Random Quote It is so hard--to be a detective and also a pukka sahib. As it is so well expressed in your language, there are things that one does not say. But, alas, a detective is forced to say them! He must ask questions: about people's affairs, about their feelings! from Sad Cypress


"The military action popularly known as ""The Charge of the Light Brigade"" took place in which war?"

SparkNotes: Tennyson’s Poetry: “The Charge of the Light Brigade” (page 2) “The Charge of the Light Brigade” “The Charge of the Light Brigade” (page 2) → “The Charge of the Light Brigade”, page 1 “Crossing the Bar” page 2 of 2 Form This poem is comprised of six numbered stanzas varying in length from six to twelve lines. Each line is in dimeter, which means it has two stressed syllables; moreover, each stressed syllable is followed by two unstressed syllables, making the rhythm dactylic. The use of “falling” rhythm, in which the stress is on the first beat of each metrical unit, and then “falls off” for the rest of the length of the meter, is appropriate in a poem about the devastating fall of the British brigade. The rhyme scheme varies with each stanza. Often, Tennyson uses the same rhyme (and occasionally even the same final word) for several consecutive lines: “Flashed all their sabres bare / Flashed as they turned in air / Sab’ring the gunners there.” The poem also makes use of anaphora, in which the same word is repeated at the beginning of several consecutive lines: “Cannon to right of them / Cannon to left of them / Cannon in front of them.” Here the method creates a sense of unrelenting assault; at each line our eyes meet the word “cannon,” just as the soldiers meet their flying shells at each turn. Commentary “The Charge of the Light Brigade” recalls a disastrous historical military engagement that took place during the initial phase of the Crimean War fought between Turkey and Russia (1854-56). Under the command of Lord Raglan, British forces entered the war in September 1854 to prevent the Russians from obtaining control of the important sea routes through the Dardanelles. From the beginning, the war was plagued by a series of misunderstandings and tactical blunders, one of which serves as the subject of this poem: on October 25, 1854, as the Russians were seizing guns from British soldiers, Lord Raglan sent desperate orders to his Light Cavalry Brigade to fend off the Russians. Finally, one of his orders was acted upon, and the brigade began charging—but in the wrong direction! Over 650 men rushed forward, and well over 100 died within the next few minutes. As a result of the battle, Britain lost possession of the majority of its forward defenses and the only metaled road in the area. In the 21st century, the British involvement in the Crimean War is dismissed as an instance of military incompetence; we remember it only for the heroism displayed in it by Florence Nightingale, the famous nurse. However, for Tennyson and most of his contemporaries, the war seemed necessary and just. He wrote this poem as a celebration of the heroic soldiers in the Light Brigade who fell in service to their commander and their cause. The poem glorifies war and courage, even in cases of complete inefficiency and waste. Unlike the medieval and mythical subject of “The Lady of Shalott” or the deeply personal grief of “Tears, Idle Tears,” this poem instead deals with an important political development in Tennyson’s day. As such, it is part of a sequence of political and military poems that Tennyson wrote after he became Poet Laureate of England in 1850, including “Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington” (1852) and “Riflemen, Form” (1859). These poems reflect Tennyson’s emerging national consciousness and his sense of compulsion to express his political views. This poem is effective largely because of the way it conveys the movement and sound of the charge via a strong, repetitive falling meter: “Half a league, half a league / Half a league onward.” The plodding pace of the repetitions seems to subsume all individual impulsiveness in ponderous collective action. The poem does not speak of individual troops but rather of “the six hundred” and then “all that was left of them.” Even Lord Raglan, who played such an important role in the battle, is only vaguely referred to in the line “someone had blundered.” Interestingly, Tennyson omitted this critical and somewhat subversive line in the 1855 version of this poem, but the writer Joh


What is the electrical capacitance which 1 coulomb of electricity will charge to a capacity of 1 volt?

Online Unit Converters • Electrical Engineering • Capacitance • Compact Calculator Overview Measuring the capacity of the capacitor with nominal capacitance of 10 μF, using a multimeter oscilloscope. Capacitance is a physical quantity that represents the ability of a conductor to accumulate charge. It is found by dividing the electrical charge magnitude by the potential difference between conductors: C = Q/∆φ Here Q is electric charge, which is measured in coulombs (C), and ∆φ is the potential difference, which is measured in volts (V). Capacitance is measured in farads (F) in SI. This unit is named after the British physicist Michael Faraday. One farad represents extremely large capacitance for an isolated conductor. For example, an isolated metal ball with the radius 13 times greater than that of the Sun would have capacitance of one farad, while the capacitance of a metal ball with the radius of the Earth would be about 710 microfarads (μF). Because one farad is such a large quantity, smaller units are used, such as microfarad (μF), which equals one millionth of a farad, nanofarad (nF), equalling to one billionth of a farad, and picofarad (pF), which is one trillionth of a farad. In the extended CGS for electromagnetic units the main unit of capacitance is described using centimeters (cm). One centimeter of electromagnetic capacitance represents capacitance of a ball in vacuum that has the radius of 1 cm. CGS system stands for centimeter-gram-second system — it uses centimeters, grams, and seconds as the basic units for length, mass, and time. Extensions of CGS also set one or more constants to 1, which allows to simplify certain formulas and calculations. Uses for Capacitance Capacitors — Electronic Components for Storing Electric Charges Electronic symbols Capacitance is a quantity, relevant not only for electrical conductors but also for capacitors (originally called condensers). Capacitors consist of two conductors divided by a dielectric or vacuum. The simplest version of a capacitor has two plates that act as electrodes. A capacitor (from the Latin condensare — to condense) is a double-layer electronic component used for storing electric charge and energy of the electromagnetic field. The simplest capacitor consists of two electrical conductors, with a dielectric between them. Radio electronics enthusiasts are known to make trimmer capacitors for their circuits with the different diameter enameled wires. The thinner wire is wrapped around the thicker one. The RLC circuit is set to the desired frequency by changing the number of turns of the wire. The image has some examples of how a capacitor can be represented in a circuit diagram. Parallel RLC circuit: a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor Some History Scientists were able to make capacitors as far as 250 years ago. In 1745 in Leyden the German physicist Ewald Georg von Kleist and a physicist from the Netherlands Pieter van Musschenbroek made the first capacitor device that was called a “Leyden jar”. The walls of the jar served as dielectric, while the water in the jar and the hand of the experimenter acted as conductor plates. Such a jar could accumulate a charge of about one microcoulomb (µC). Experiments and demonstrations with the Leyden jars were popular at the time. In them the jar was charged with static electricity by using friction. A participant of the experiment would then touch the jar and experience an electric shock. Once 700 monks in Paris conducted the Leyden experiment. They held hands and one of them touched the jar. At that moment all 700 people exclaimed in horror as they felt the jolt. The “Leyden jar” came to Russia thanks to the Russian Tsar Peter the Great. He met with Pieter van Musschenbroek during his travels in Europe and became acquainted with his work. When Peter the Great established the Russian Academy of Sciences, he commissioned Musschenbroek to make various equipment for the Academy. As time went by, capacitors have been improved, with their size decreasing as the capacitance increased. Today capacitors are widely used in e