What is the name used for the young of a kangaroo?

Kangaroos: Facts, Information & Pictures Credit: Renate | Shutterstock Kangaroos are large marsupials that are found only in Australia. They are identified by their muscular tails, strong back legs, large feet, short fur and long, pointed ears. Like all marsupials, a sub-type of mammal, females have pouches that contain mammary glands, where their young live until they are old enough to emerge. Kangaroos are in the Macropodidae family, which also includes tree-kangaroos, wallabies, wallaroos, quokkas and pademelons. When people think of kangaroos, the four species that typically come to mind are in the genus Macropus: the antilopine kangaroo, the red kangaroo, the western gray kangaroo and the eastern gray kangaroo. They are sometimes referred to as the "great kangaroos" because these species are much larger than other kangaroos.  However, there are 12 species of tree-kangaroos in the  Dendrolagus  genus, according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System. And,  bettongs , in the Potoridae family, are called rat-kangaroos.   Size The largest kangaroo, as well as the largest marsupial, is the red kangaroo, according to  National Geographic . The length from the red kangaroo's head to its rump is 3.25 to 5.25 feet (1 to 1.6 meters) long. Its tail adds another 35.5 to 43.5 inches (90 to 110 centimeters) to its length and its entire body weighs around 200 lbs. (90 kilograms). The smallest kangaroo is the  musky rat-kangaroo . It is only 6 to 8 inches (15.24 to 20.32 cm) long and weighs only 12 ounces (340 grams). Its ratlike tail adds another 5 to 6 inches (12.7 to 15.24 cm) to its length. Habitat Most kangaroos live on the continent of Australia, though each species has a different place it likes to call home. For example, the musky rat-kangaroo likes to nestle down in little nests on the floor of the rainforests in northeastern Queensland. Gray kangaroos like the forests of Australia and Tasmania, on the other hand. The  antilopine kangaroo  can be found in the monsoonal eucalyptus woodlands of extreme northern Australia. Tree-kangaroos live in the upper branches of trees in the rainforests of Queensland, as well as on the island of New Guinea.  Kangaroos at Pinnaroo Valley Memorial Park. Credit: Flickr/paul dynamik. Habits  Kangaroos are the only large animals that hop as a primary means of locomotion. Their springy hind legs and feet are much stronger and larger than their arms (or "forelimbs"). According to the San Diego Zoo, kangaroos can cover 15 feet (7 m) in a single hop and can hop as fast as 30 mph (48 kph). Usually, 20 mph (32 kph) is considered their cruising speed. When feeding, kangaroos use a slower, walking movement, and for that they use their muscular tail as a kind of fifth leg, pushing off the ground as they move along. Kangaroos are social and live in groups called a mob, a herd or a troop. Kangaroos in a mob will groom each other and protect each other from danger. If a kangaroo suspects there is danger in the area, it will stomp its foot on the ground to alert others. If it comes to blows, a kangaroo will box and kick its opponent.  Diet Kangaroos are herbivores. They eat grasses, flowers, leaves, ferns, moss and even insects. Like cows, kangaroos regurgitate their food and re-chew it before it is ready to be totally digested.  A juvenile kangaroo views the outside world from the pouch of an adult female Eastern gray kangaroo. Credit: Fir0002/Flagstaffotos Offspring Probably the best-known fact about kangaroos is that they carry their young in a pouch. A female kangaroo is pregnant for 21 to 38 days, and she can give birth to up to four offspring at one time,  though this is unusual.  At birth, the baby, called a joey, can be as small as a grain of rice, or as big as a bee, at 0.2 to 0.9 inches (5 to 25 millimeters), according to the  San Diego Zoo . When the joey is born, it is guided safely into the comfy pouch, where it gestates for another 120 to 450 days.  Inside the pouch, the joey is protected and can feed by nursing from its mother's nipples. Joeys urinate and defecate in the mother's po


From the landing of Pedro lvares Cabral in 1500 until its independence in 1822, Brazil was a colony of which nation?

Go to next country Brazil in Profile Brazil was a colony / dependency of Portugal from the landing of Pedro �lvares Cabral in 1500 until independence in 1822 - it then became the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system; a presidential republic after a military coup in 1889; and a Federal Republic under the new constitution of 1988. The core culture of Brazil is derived from the Portuguese, but is strongly influenced by African, indigenous and non-Portuguese European cultures and traditions. Home to the Amazon river and rainforest, samba football, Carnival, and a rapidly growing population and economy, it's one of the most vibrant states on earth - and it will be hosting both the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics (in Rio de Janeiro). Some Business and General Info GDP: $2.172 trillion (2010 est.) - $10,800 (2010 est.) Religions Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census) Currency: Real (BRL) $1 = R$ 2.84 Telephone Code: +55 Overview of the Research Industry MR Association(s): SBPM and ABEP Brazil's MR industry is buoyant - reporting a net growth of just under 27% in 2010 (up to $815m from $540m in 2009) - a whopping 44% of regional turnover. That makes Brazil the 7th largest MR market in the World. 92% of research is domestic, and there's a 65/25 quant/qual split. Source: ESOMAR Overview of Trade and Industry Brazil's fast-growing economy is the largest in Latin America and the 7th (by GDP) or 8th (by PPP) largest in the World. The country has abundant natural resources, a large labour pool, and is a net external creditor, with strong growth and high interest rates attractive to foreign investors. In 2010 Brazil exported $201.9bn worth of goods to China, the USA, Argentina, the Netherlands and Germany, with key commodities being transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee and vehicles. Imports worth $181.7bn primarily came from the USA, China, Argentina, Germany and South Korea and consisted of machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, auto parts and electronics. My view


1972 München Summer Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 1972 München Summer Games Host City: München, West Germany (August 26, 1972 to September 11, 1972) Opening Ceremony: August 26, 1972 (opened by President Gustave Heinemann) Takers of the Olympic Oath: Heidi Schüller (athlete) and Heinz Pollay (official) Closing Ceremony: September 11, 1972 Events: 193 in 23 sports Participants: 7,113 (6,052 men and 1,060 women) from 121 countries Youngest Participant:   Werner Grieshofer (12 years, 188 days) Oldest Participant:   Lorna Johnstone (70 years, 4 days) Most Medals (Athlete): Soviet Union (99 medals) Overview The Munich Olympics began beneath the warm summer sun of a Bavarian afternoon and ended in the cool autumn twilight of a German evening. They began as The Games of Peace and Joy, in which the West German government attempted to atone for the militaristic Nazi image so associated with the [1936 Berlin Games]. They ended as The Games of Terror and Tragedy. » Click to show/hide rest of overview Prior to the 1972 Olympics, the major controversy concerned the Rhodesian Olympic team. At its [71st Session] in 1971, the IOC ruled that Rhodesian athletes could compete, but only using British uniforms, the Union Jack as the flag, and with the British anthem. But shortly before the 1972 Munich Olympics, the African nations threatened a mass boycott if Rhodesia, which was still white-controlled, was allowed to compete. Two days before the Opening Ceremony, the IOC voted (36-31 with three abstentions) to withdraw the invitation to Rhodesia for the 1972 Olympic Games. But when the Games opened the incident seemed lost in the beauty of the Olympics. The first eleven days of the 1972 Olympics were perhaps the most beautiful celebrations of Olympia ever seen. But on the morning of 5 September, the Games were interrupted when eight Arab terrorists, representing the militant Black September group, entered the Olympic Village and took hostage eleven members of the Israel Olympic team. While the world watched on television and waited, the terrorists occupied the building of Connollystraße 31, and demanded freedom for several Arabs held in Israel prisons. The Israel government refused this as a day of tense negotiations ensued. Late in the evening of 5 September, the terrorists took their hostages to Fürstenfeldbruck, an Army air base near Munich. There, in a few quick minutes of fighting as the Germans tried to save them, all the Israelis were murdered by a bomb the terrorists had set in the helicopter which was to take them to freedom. Several of the terrorists were killed, but most escaped. A few were later captured, and a few were killed by Israeli hit squads, but none ever came to trial. The American public watched the tragedy via ABC Television and saw host Jim McKay detail the events for most of the day. After the tragedy at Fürstenfeldbruck he summed up the incident in just a few sad words, "They're all gone." There were some marvelous athletic performances at the 1972 Olympics, notably [Mark Spitz] winning seven gold medals, and setting seven world records, but they seemed of little consequence. The Games were halted for one day as a memorial service was held for the Israelis. At the memorial, IOC President [Avery Brundage] angered many when he compared the Israeli murders to the Rhodesian incident, and made one of his most famous comments when he declared, "The Games must go on." The Olympic Games did go on, but they would never again be the same. Country Medal Leaders A Sports Reference Site : About SR/Olympics  | Privacy Statement  | Conditions & Terms of Service | Use of Data Data provided by OlyMADMen , led by Hilary Evans, Arild Gjerde, Jeroen Heijmans, and Bill Mallon. Members: David Foster, Martin Frank, Jørn Jensen, Carl-Johan Johansson, Taavi Kalju, Martin Kellner, George Masin, Stein Opdahl, Wolf Reinhardt, Ralf Regnitter, Paul Tchir, Magne Teigen, Christian Tugnoli, Morten Aarlia Torp, and Ralf Schlüter. Sports Reference LLC and www.sports-reference.com are not sponsored by or affiliated with t


Where is the only population of wild apes in Europe?

Europe's Only Monkey has no Tail! Europe's only non-human primate lives on Gibraltar Macaca sylvanus The Barbary macaque is the only species of macaque found outside of Asia. They are native to forests of Algeria and Morocco and a couple of places in northern Libya. Except for humans, they are the only wild primates found in Europe, with a population of about 300 individuals living in a nature reserve located on the top of Gibraltar. (Here is a hi-res version of the Barbary Macaque for you – copyright by Jonas Stenstrom). Ape or Monkey? Barbary macaques are unique in that they lack a tail. For this reason we often hear them referred to as Barbary “apes,” even though they really are monkeys. (True apes include gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, gibbons, and humans. Diet Normally these animals eat primarily fruit and insects, but since they live so close to humans in certain areas, they have picked up the bad habit of stealing food from unwary tourists. Even if this may seem funny at the time, feeding the monkeys has lead to some aggressive attacks and should be discouraged. So pack your food well and hold on to your belongings; these monkeys are smart! Conservation The number of wild Barbary macaques has seen a major decline in recent years; in 2009 they were declared endangered by the IUCN and were put on the IUCN Red List. The reasons for their decline are habitat destruction (mainly logging) and local farmers seeing them as pests and actively trying to get rid of them. Their population, once an extensive and continuous distribution across northern Africa, is now fragmented into smaller patches and forests in mainly Algeria, Morocco, and Libya. In addition, Barbary macaques have also been heavily poached for the illegal pet trade. Related Topics


Harry Osborn is the offsider to which comic book superhero?

Harry Osborn (Character) - Comic Vine Harry Osborn The who's who of famous superhero/supervillain progeny! 99.1% 107/108 Votes Heroes one an all United in one list! 93.8% 15/16 Votes Top 11 Frenemies!!!!!!!! Friend or enemy?0 created by harleyquinnhawkgirl TOP 200 HEROES OF MARVEL2 created by arthurcbps The descendants of superheros and villains from both Marvel and DC. 75.0% 6/8 Votes Marvel's Bad Parenting1 created by kumorikunoichi I decided to throw a list together of Famous Children of Marvel who are dysfunctional, crazy, and absolutely off the deep end! Here's a list of Children who instead of getting therapy, got..well, CRAZY 83.3% 5/6 Votes The Children of Marvel's Superheroes and supervillains. 90.9% 10/11 Votes Most recognized and popular characters world wide1 created by blackestnight1 There are some who basically everyone knows, so in those cases it went to popularity and book sales. 100.0% 2/2 Votes Spider-Man the Animated Series0 created by eganthevile1 List based on characters who appear in the 1990's Spider-Man the Animated Series. Geez does this one look bizarre if you never actually saw the episodes! 80.0% 4/5 Votes Bad guys who have become heroes 75.0% 3/4 Votes Lookin' Good! Favorite sexy boys from comics.3 created by x_woman This is a list of male supercharacters that I find most attractive. My views are based on how the characters have been portrayed in movies or TV, as well as comics. 100.0% 3/3 Votes Heroes with an American theme:  100.0% 3/3 Votes The Movie Stars3 created by spidermanwins A list of every Comic Book Character that has ever visited the Big Screen in live action (no animated Disney characters or Cartoon Network characters like Nemo or Popeye. That would take forever as a list on its own.) 100.0% 3/3 Votes The 100010 created by liberty I have always wanted to make a big mega list. I love making lists and Comicvine makes it so easy and fun. So I am going to make a fun list.  Imagine all the comic characters of all time were merged into one universe. No other currently existing char ... A list of combos used in the continuing fan-fiction. 75.0% 3/4 Votes Characters that accepted a name or identity from another hero. 100.0% 8/8 Votes Characters that I Hate and You Should Too29 created by fadetoblackbolt Marvel Movie Villains0 created by space_coyote This is a list of bad guys who have appeared in Marvel movies that are not part of the MCU. 100.0% 4/4 Votes 50 Reasons Spider-Man is still Awesome..0 created by stmichalofwilson He's still the best, even after 50 years... 100.0% 4/4 Votes All Stan Lee creations or co-creations...Nuff' Said!0 created by nszerdy Got a favorite?Characters and teams created or co-created by STAN LEE! (the characters pictures are below the full list and goes on for the next seven pages)!AbominationAbsorbing ManAged GenghisAgent XAggamonAgonAireoLiz AllanAlpha PrimitiveAmphibion ... Favorite Costumes5 created by the_tree My favorite costumes, looks, outfits, etc. Alphabetical characters with links to costumes below: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abe Sapien - The vest look. ... My Spider-Man Movie Cast8 created by spideyivydaredevilfan26 Redoing this list as my last one was a disaster. Hope that you like this one more, please post your comments on what you think! :) 100.0% 2/2 Votes Favorite Spider-Man supporting cast members3 created by Elbarto17 I love them,and i really.....just......i love them. 80.0% 4/5 Votes Died in Disgrace2 created by shroudofsorrow "Death comes to us all, Oroku Saki. But something much worse comes for you. For when you die, it will be...without honor." -Splinter to the Shredder, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 1990 Villains who have particularly shameful and ignominious ends, dyin ... Affably Evil0 created by shroudofsorrow "Please, sit down before you fall down. We can at least behave like civilized people" -Rene Belloq to Indiana Jones "Affably Evil" pertains to villains or antagonists who, in spite of their villainous/antagonistic nature are l


"Who was ""the fourth man"" in the Cambridge spy ring, whose name was not publicly known until 1979?"

The Cambridge Spy Ring – SpyMuseum.com – the #1 Resource for Espionage on the web Spycraft  The Cambridge Spy Ring Perhaps the most famous and romanticized spy ring, the Cambridge Five caused severe damage to the United States and Britain, both in terms of the depth and value of the intelligence that was compromised and with devastating blows to the political and intelligence communities on both sides of the pond. The Cambridge spy ring loosely refers to a number of Soviet spies recruited from Cambridge University in England. While there is debate over how many members were a part of the ring, the ring is most known for five members, Kim Philby , Guy Burgess, Don MacLean , Anthony Blunt and John Cairncross . The five attended Cambridge University and were recruited by Arnold Deutsch who acted as their controller before being recalled to Moscow. Blunt, who was older than the others and Burgess also acted as recruiters. While Cairncross knew Blunt at Cambridge and Burgess while working for the foreign office, he was not known to have worked together with the other spies. In fact, for the most part, the Cambridge spies worked independently from one another. Theodore Maly and Alexander Orlov also served as case officers. The Five attained significant positions within the British government. Kim Philby worked for MI6 and had assignments in Albania and Instanbul that provided him access to sensitive information. He was later assigned to the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. as the First Secretary, a liason between British and American intelligence. In this position he often conferred with James Jesus Angleton of the CIA (while in Washington, he shared a house with fellow spy Guy Burgess). Burgess and Anthony Blunt had passed secret information regarding NATO military strategy from MI6 and the Foreign office to the Soviets. Burgess served as secretary to the British Foreign Minister of State and was later assigned to the British embassy. Don MacLean, meanwhile, had been the First Secretary at the British embassy in Washington, D.C. and later served as Secretary of the Combined Policy Committee on Atomic Development. His wife was living in New York with her mother and Donald visited her on weekends, often sending messages to the Soviets from there. The spy ring began to fall apart in 1949 when Philby gained access to the Venona intercepts. In one of the documents, information was passed by an agent code-named Homer from New York but pertained the British Embassy in Washington. Philby recognized that Homer was Maclean, now working in London. By 1951, Philby knew that Maclean would soon be discovered and convinced Burgess to travel back to London to warn Maclean. Burgess panicked and fled London to Moscow with Maclean even though he was not under suspicion. Because Burgess was Philby’s housemate, suspicion immediately fell on him that he had warned Burgess. Washington demanded that Philby be recalled and he returned to London suspected of being the “third man.” He denied the accusations but was eventually discharged by MI6 (although he still worked for the agency unofficially). He was eventually cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan but the FBI and MI5 knew through the Venona Intercepts that Philby was indeed a spy. Not wanting to reveal the existence of Venona, MI5 attempted to find independent evidence. Eventually Philby was confronted by a friend, John Elliot, with evidence of his espionage. Philby admitted his deception and agreed to return to London in return for a pardon but was believed to have met with the handler for the Cambridge Five, Yuri Modin. Soon thereafter Philby fled to Moscow on a Soviet freighter. With three members confirmed as spies, suspicion now fell upon Blunt. He was accused by an American student he had known from Cambridge named Michael Straight of having tried to recruit him. When confronted by MI5, Blunt confessed in return for immunity from prosecution. Blunt named several other Soviet spies including Cairncross. Caincross had served as secretary to Lord Maurice Hankey, chairman of the Brit


In World War I, what was the third battle of Ypres, from 31 July to 6 November 6, 1917, also known as?

Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders - Jul 31, 1917 - HISTORY.com Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders Share this: Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders Author Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders URL Publisher A+E Networks On July 31, 1917, the Allies launch a renewed assault on German lines in the Flanders region of Belgium, in the much-contested region near Ypres, during World War I. The attack begins more than three months of brutal fighting, known as the Third Battle of Ypres. While the first and second battles at Ypres were attacks by the Germans against the Allied-controlled salient around Ypres–which crucially blocked any German advance to the English Channel–the third was spearheaded by the British commander in chief, Sir Douglas Haig. After the resounding failure of the Nivelle Offensive–named for its mastermind, the French commander Robert Nivelle–the previous May, followed by widespread mutinies within the French army, Haig insisted that the British should press ahead with another major offensive that summer. The aggressive and meticulously planned offensive, ostensibly aimed at destroying German submarine bases located on the north coast of Belgium, was in fact driven by Haig’s (mistaken) belief that the German army was on the verge of collapse, and would be broken completely by a major Allied victory. After an opening barrage of some 3,000 guns, Haig ordered nine British divisions, led by Sir Hubert Gough’s 5th Army, to advance on the German lines near the Belgian village of Passchendaele on July 31; they were joined by six French divisions. In the first two days of the attacks, while suffering heavy casualties, the Allies made significant advances–in some sectors pushing the Germans back more than a mile and taking more than 5,000 German prisoners–if not as significant as Haig had envisioned. The offensive was renewed in mid-August, though heavy rains and thickening mud severely hampered the effectiveness of Allied infantry and artillery and prevented substantial gains over the majority of the summer and early fall. Dissatisfied with his army’s gains by the end of August, Haig had replaced Gough with Herbert Plumer at the head of the attack; after several small gains in September, the British were able to establish control over the ridge of land east of Ypres. Encouraged, Haig pushed Plumer to continue the attacks towards the Passchendaele ridge, some 10 kilometers from Ypres. Thus the Third Battle of Ypres–also known as Passchendaele, for the village, and the ridge surrounding it, that saw the heaviest fighting–continued into its third month, as the Allied attackers reached near-exhaustion, with few notable gains, and the Germans reinforced their positions in the region with reserve troops released from the Eastern Front, where Russia’s army was foundering amid internal turmoil. Unwilling to give up, Haig ordered a final three attacks on Passchendaele in late October. The eventual capture of the village, by Canadian and British troops, on November 6, 1917, allowed Haig to finally call off the offensive, claiming victory, despite some 310,000 British casualties, as opposed to 260,000 on the German side, and a failure to create any substantial breakthrough, or change of momentum, on the Western Front. Given its outcome, the Third Battle of Ypres remains one of the most costly and controversial offensives of World War I, representing–at least for the British–the epitome of the wasteful and futile nature of trench warfare. Related Videos


PBS - THE WEST - Sitting Bull Sitting Bull Tatanka-Iyotanka (1831-1890) A Hunkpapa Lakota chief and holy man under whom the Lakota tribes united in their struggle for survival on the northern plains, Sitting Bull remained defiant toward American military power and contemptuous of American promises to the end. Born around 1831 on the Grand River in present-day South Dakota, at a place the Lakota called "Many Caches" for the number of food storage pits they had dug there, Sitting Bull was given the name Tatanka-Iyotanka, which describes a buffalo bull sitting intractably on its haunches. It was a name he would live up to throughout his life. As a young man, Sitting Bull became a leader of the Strong Heart warrior society and, later, a distinguished member of the Silent Eaters, a group concerned with tribal welfare. He first went to battle at age 14, in a raid on the Crow, and saw his first encounter with American soldiers in June 1863, when the army mounted a broad campaign in retaliation for the Santee Rebellion in Minnesota, in which Sitting Bull's people played no part. The next year Sitting Bull fought U.S. troops again, at the Battle of Killdeer Mountain, and in 1865 he led a siege against the newly established Fort Rice in present-day North Dakota. Widely respected for his bravery and insight, he became head chief of the Lakota nation about 1868. Sitting Bull's courage was legendary. Once, in 1872, during a battle     with soldiers protecting railroad workers on the Yellowstone     River , Sitting Bull led four other warriors out between the lines,     sat calmly sharing a pipe with them as bullets buzzed around, carefully     reamed the pipe out when they were finished, and then casually walked     away. The stage was set for war between Sitting Bull and the U.S. Army in 1874 ,     when an expedition led by General George     Armstrong Custer confirmed that gold had been discovered in the Black     Hills of Dakota Territory, an area sacred to many tribes and placed     off-limits to white settlement by the Fort     Laramie Treaty of 1868 . Despite     this ban, prospectors began a rush to the Black Hills, provoking the Lakota     to defend their land. When government efforts to purchase the Black Hills     failed, the Fort Laramie Treaty was set aside and the commissioner of     Indian Affairs decreed that all Lakota not settled on reservations by     January 31, 1876 , would be considered     hostile. Sitting Bull and his people held their ground. In March, as three columns of federal troops under General George     Crook , General Alfred Terry and     Colonel John Gibbon moved into the     area, Sitting Bull summoned the Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho to his camp     on Rosebud Creek in     Montana Territory. There he led them in the sun dance ritual, offering     prayers to Wakan Tanka, their Great Spirit, and slashing his arms one     hundred times as a sign of sacrifice. During this ceremony, Sitting Bull     had a vision in which he saw soldiers falling into the Lakota camp like     grasshoppers falling from the sky. Inspired by this vision, the Oglala Lakota war chief, Crazy     Horse , set out for battle with a band of 500 warriors, and on June     17 he surprised Crook's troops and forced them to retreat at the Battle     of the Rosebud. To celebrate this victory, the Lakota moved their camp     to the valley of the Little     Bighorn River , where they were joined by 3,000 more Indians who had     left the reservations to follow Sitting Bull. Here they were attacked     on June 25 by the Seventh Cavalry under George Armstrong Custer, whose     badly outnumbered troops first rushed the encampment, as if in fulfillment     of Sitting Bull's vision, and then made a stand on a nearby ridge, where     they were destroyed. Public outrage at this military catastrophe brought thousands more cavalrymen to the area, and over the next year they re


What 1963 political scandal in the UK involved the Secretary of State for War, after he had a brief relationship with the mistress of a Russian spy (a showgirl named Christine Keeler), and lied to the House of Commons about it?

Profumo resigns in sex scandal - Jun 05, 1963 - HISTORY.com Profumo resigns in sex scandal Share this: Profumo resigns in sex scandal Author Profumo resigns in sex scandal URL Publisher A+E Networks On June 5, 1963, British Secretary of War John Profumo resigns his post following revelations that he had lied to the House of Commons about his sexual affair with Christine Keeler, an alleged prostitute. At the time of the affair, Keeler was also involved with Yevgeny “Eugene” Ivanov, a Soviet naval attache who some suspected was a spy. Although Profumo assured the government that he had not compromised national security in any way, the scandal threatened to topple Prime Minister Harold Macmillan’s government. Age 48 in 1963, John Dennis Profumo was appointed secretary of war by Macmillan in 1960. As war minister, he was in charge of overseeing the British army. The post was a junior cabinet position, but Profumo looked a good candidate for future promotion. He was married to Valerie Hobson, a retired movie actress, and the Profumos were very much at the center of “swinging ’60s” society in the early 1960s. One night in July 1961, John Profumo was at the Cliveden estate of Lord “Bill” Astor when he was first introduced to 19-year-old Christine Keeler. She was frolicking naked by the Cliveden pool. Keeler was at Cliveden as a guest of Dr. Stephen Ward, a society osteopath and part-time portraitist who rented a cottage at the estate from his friend Lord Astor. Keeler was working as a showgirl at a London nightclub when she first met Dr. Ward. Ward took her under his wing, and they lived together in his London flat but were not lovers. He encouraged her to pursue sexual relationships with his high-class friends, and on one or more occasions Keeler apparently accepted money in exchange for sex. Ward introduced her to his friend Ivanov, and she began a sexual relationship with the Soviet diplomat. Several weeks after meeting Profumo at Cliveden, she also began an affair with the war minister. There is no evidence that either of these men paid her for sex, but Profumo once gave Keeler some money to buy her mother a birthday present. After an intense few months, Profumo ended his affair with Keeler before the end of 1961. His indiscretions might never have come to public attention were it not for an incident involving Keeler that occurred in early 1963. Johnny Edgecombe, a West Indian marijuana dealer, was arrested for shooting up the exterior of Ward’s London flat after Keeler, his ex-lover, refused to let him in. The press gave considerable coverage to the incident and subsequent trial, and rumors were soon abounding about Keeler’s earlier relationship with Profumo. When Keeler confirmed reports of her affair with Profumo, and admitted a concurrent relationship with Ivanov, what had been cocktail-party gossip grew into a scandal with serious security connotations. On March 21, 1963, Colonel George Wigg, a Labour MP for Dudley, raised the issue in the House of Commons, inviting the member of government in question to affirm or deny the rumors of his improprieties. Wigg forced Profumo’s hand, not, he claimed, to embarrass the Conservative government but because the Ivanov connection was a matter of national security. Behind closed doors, however, British intelligence had already concluded that Profumo had not compromised national security in any way and found little evidence implicating Ivanov as a spy. Nevertheless, Wigg had raised the issue, and Profumo had no choice but to stand up before Parliament on March 22 and make a statement. He vehemently denied the charges, saying “there was no impropriety whatsoever in my acquaintanceship with Miss Keeler.” To drive home his point, he continued, “I shall not hesitate to issue writs for libel and slander if scandalous allegations are made or repeated outside the House.” Profumo’s convincing denial defused the scandal for several weeks, but in May Dr. Stephen Ward went on trial in London on charges of prostituting Keeler and other young women. In the highly sensationalized trial, Keeler


Where is the US National Archives, which holds the original documents of the US Constitution and the US Declaration of Independence?

The National Archives in Washington, DC | National Archives The National Archives in Washington, DC The Rotunda of the National Archives Building in downtown Washington, DC, displays the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and the Declaration of Independence. For more information, see the National Archives Museum . Address National Archives and Records Administration 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20408-0001 The National Archives Building is located between Seventh and Ninth Streets, NW, with entrances on Pennsylvania and Constitution Avenues. Please Note: The research entrance to the building is on Pennsylvania Avenue. The Rotunda entrance, which includes the Exhibit Hall, is on Constitution Avenue. For details, see the National Archives Museum Map or visit the National Archives Museum Transportation Subway In Washington, DC, take Metrorail's Yellow or Green lines  to the Archives/Navy  Memorial station. The Archives/Navy Memorial stop is across Pennsylvania Avenue from the Archives building. Bus In Washington, DC, Metrobuses 30, 32, 34, 36, 53, A42, A46, A48, P1, P2, P4, P17, P19, and W13 stop at the National Archives on Pennsylvania Avenue. For more specific information on routes, fares, and timetables for Metrobus and Metrorail, please see the Washington  Metropolitan Area Transit Authority or telephone Metro at 202-637-7000. Parking No parking at the building is available for researchers. Several commercial parking lots are located nearby and metered curb parking may be available on nearby streets. Free Staff shuttle bus between the Washington, DC and College Park, MD National Archives buildings: Monday through Friday only Depart Washington, DC:   8 a.m. - 5 p.m. on the hour Pick up at the National Archives bus shelter located on 7th Street between Pennsylvania and Constitution Avenues, NW. Depart College Park:   8 a.m. - 5 p.m. on the hour Pick up in front of the building. Researchers may use it on a space available basis. Distance from Local Airports


According to the nursery rhyme, where does the Muffin Man live?

Do you know the Muffin Man? [Full Song] + Lyrics ♫♫ - YouTube Do you know the Muffin Man? [Full Song] + Lyrics ♫♫ Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Aug 21, 2008 Do you know the Muffin Man? Lyrics: Oh do you know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man? Do you know the muffin man, That lives in Drury Lane? Oh yes I know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man. Yes I know the muffin man, That lives in Drury Lane. Oh now we know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man Now we know the muffin man, That lives in Drury Lane. Oh do you know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man? Do you know the muffin man, That lives in Drury Lane? Oh yes I know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man. Yes I know the muffin man, That lives in Drury Lane. Oh now we know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man Now we know the muffin man, That lives in Drury Lane. I check regularly to see the progress of my videos so all ratings and comments are highly appreciated. ^^ Category Nursery Rhyme Singing Time - Children's Songs With Mother Goose Club - Duration: 46:30. Mother Goose Club 133,679,157 views 46:30 Do you Know the Muffin Man Talking Ginger Super Compilation 50 min - Duration: 51:13. Funny Songs Nursery Rhymes 3,744,886 views 51:13 Bob The Train | Alphabet Adventure | | Children English Learning Videos | Songs For Kids To Sing - Duration: 5:29. Kids TV - Nursery Rhymes And Children’s Songs 324,069,114 views 5:29 "Color Songs Collection Vol. 1" - Learn Colors, Teach Colours, Baby Toddler Preschool Nursery Rhymes - Duration: 33:21. Busy Beavers - Kids Learn ABCs 123s & More 595,955,104 views 33:21 Top 50 Hit Songs | 50+ Mins | Popular Collection Of Animated English Nursery Rhymes in HD For Kids - Duration: 53:52. MagicBox English Kids Channel 107,758,267 views 53:52 Do You Like Broccoli Ice Cream? | Super Simple Songs - Duration: 2:43. Super Simple Songs - Kids Songs 250,361,018 views 2:43 ABC SONG | ABC Songs for Children - 13 Alphabet Songs & 26 Videos - Duration: 50:52. ABCkidTV - Nursery Rhymes 438,413,143 views 50:52


"What word's original meaning was ""the hearing of a person's confession and their absolution before their execution""?"

Commonly misused quotes Commonly misused quotes by Steve Gruenwald A pet peeve of mine is the common syndrome of people using famous expressions wrongly.  I am not referring to people simply getting the words of a quote slightly wrong, but using the phrase without really understanding its meaning (or at least the author's original meaning) – usually because they do not know, or have not thought about, exactly what some of the words themselves mean.  Often this is perfectly harmless, in that the words they use are reasonably close to what they mean to convey, but it bothers me in so far as the finer turns of phrase in our literary and linguistic history are being slowly lost or, worse, cheapened.  Here's a short collection of examples.  Not surprisingly, many are from Shakespeare, our favorite misquoted author.  (The Bible, the other greatest source of quotes, is not a major source of these errors, because it is less often quoted by those who read it carelessly – or only see the movie version.)  Examples are given roughly in chronological order, by earliest known source.  Expression Explanation The exception proves the rule. Misused/misunderstood:  as a general statement of logic that a rule is proven true if it has an exception. Explanation:  This obviously makes no sense.  The original context was a legal one, from Roman law of ca. 50 BC: exceptio probat regulam in casibus non exceptis; or exceptio probat regulam de rebus non exceptis:  "the [existence of an] exception proves the [existence of a] rule in the cases [or things] that are not excepted."     This remains a (sometimes) valid principle of legal interpretation today; for instance, if a law or regulation provides that a certain act is permitted (or required) when a given condition is true, it may imply that it is not permitted (or required) when that condition isn't true.  Beware of Greeks bearing gifts. Misused/misunderstood:  as implying "don't trust people (or a specific group of people) if they try to give you gifts," i.e., that it is the act of giving gifts itself that should make you suspicious. Explanation:  The original is spoken in Virgil's Aeneid (ca. 19 BC), Book II:  "timeo Danaos et dona ferentes," "I fear the Greeks, even bearing gifts."  (The word "et" in "et dona ferentes" was acceptable poetic shorthand for "etiam," a compound of et and iam meaning "even" or "even though.")  This was spoken by the seer Laocoön of Troy, regarding the Trojan Horse apparently left behind as an offering by the enemy Greek army.  The point is not "I don't trust the Greeks because they are bringing gifts," but rather "I don't trust the Greeks because they are the enemy, even if they seem to be making a friendly gesture."     Incidentally, Laocoön is known by the famous statue in which he is shown (with his two sons) struggling with serpents, sent by Apollo to strangle him – because he tried to warn the Trojans as described above.  Cassandra also issued a warning, but she had been cursed by Apollo to prophesy the truth but never be believed.  Money is the root of all evil. Misused:  as quoted here (incompletely) Explanation:  The original (in the First Epistle of Paul to Timothy, 6:10) is "the love of money is the root of all evil."  The difference is obvious.  the powers that be Not badly misused, but under-appreciated Explanation:  The rest of the line is "are ordained of God."  (Romans 13:1)  People referring to "the powers that be" rarely intend to show such respect. devil's advocate Not badly misused, but under-appreciated.  Explanation:  In Roman Catholic beatification proceedings, the advocatus diaboli is the church official assigned to argue against declaring the individual a saint, specifically so as to require a rigorous argument in favor.  A Devil's Advocate is not someone who is merely contrary but who assists in the development of a healthy and productive debate.  get off scot free Misused:  meaning "completely free" or "in the clear" Explanation:  The Scot was a Scandinavian social welfare tax, probably imported by the Danes and adopted in England not lat


Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Limousin and Lorraine are all regions of which country?

Alsace | The real French foods The real French foods Alsace Alsace (pronounced [al.zas] or Elsass in Alsatian) is a region cultural, historical and administrative in the eastern France.  A real food culture Alsace, one of the most “starred” by the guides, values at its best its gastronomic heritage  … sometimes its important gastronomic repertoire. Despite the influx of tourists and a trivialization due to Strasbourg and several historic cities located on the Route des Vins, many restaurants strive for quality and, quite often, are very friendly. Alsatian families continue to attend with a remarkable continuity and meals between friends are much more usual than elsewhere. There is crowd on Sunday afternoon in restaurants and well-known farm inns, even well away from major centers (Munster Valley, Haute-Bruche “Country of cabbage”, Ried, region of Brumath, Outre-Forett, Florival, Sundgau). Among the recipes and traditional dishes from Alsace are the onion tart (Zewelkueche), the Cervelas vinaigrette, asparagus (Sparichle) accompanied by three sauces, this Baeckeoffe that is a typical stew, flamed pie, more exactly : Flamekuche or Flammekueche, now known throughout France, formerly a part of the Specialties of Bas-Rhin near Strasbourg, sauerkraut, or Schiffala or Schiffele, rolled dough with pork and veal Fleischschnacka. Game – the right of hunting is specify to the region – and pork, despite the small local pig production, are in the spotlight. The southern Sundgau boasts its fried carp. Pate of foie gras, produced since the seventeenth century, is considered an Alsatian specialty … as much as in Landes and Perigord (a version of the block, in a round pastry crust, was introduced in 1780 in the table of the Military Governor of Strasbourg). It should be noted that Alsace does not raise many more geese than pigs, it is nevertheless an abundant  delicatessen. However, Alsace breeds more ducks for foie gras production. Traditional desserts are numerous: kugelhopf or kougelhopf, whose name is often “Frenchified” in Kouglof, fruit pies, including plums and cheese, a variety of biscuits and small cakes called Bredala (specialties of the Advent), gingerbread. (The names of products and dishes, in local dialect, varies greatly from one mini-region to another: transcripts are risky, sometimes quite abusive francisations as “Flammkuchen” are plentiful. But everyone understands. Whatever we translate as  Baeckeoffe, Bäckkeoffe, Bækoffa, Bækenoffa, Bækaoffe: it will always be a mixture of meat, potatoes, onions, sprinkled with white wine, cooked for a very long in an oven in a sealed pot. Though the terms more or less Anglicized can be written entirely in lowercase letters, the use of the capital letter, as in German, is often retained). Great cooks The Haeberlin family, located in the heart of the Ried, has earned a worldwide reputation: the great restaurateurs and chefs of the highest international level attended in spring 2008 to the funerals of Paul Haeberlin, famous for his talent and modesty.For several years now, his son Marc runs the kitchen of the great house in the Colmar region. Highly respected in the business, representing an elite “Tradition & Quality” of Alsatian  and French gastronomy, Haeberlin have continued to embellish the Auberge de l’Ill (this family business became an institution in the middle of the last century ). It is located on the Ill, shaded by weeping willows, in Illhaeusern, 15 km north of Colmar; it has been constantly awarded three Michelin stars since 1967. For many foodies, the expression “the two Paul” was immediately in reference to Haeberlin senior and Bocuse, they have always been great friends (Illhaeusern is paired with Collonges-au-Mont-d’Or). Jean-Pierre Haeberlin, Paul’s brother, plays an important role in the house. He  is also an excellent watercolorist, often inspired by the Ill, its slender boats, weeping willows, the Ried … It is very much in the elegant decor, both typical Alsace and ultra-contemporary, a restaurant as famous for its charms as for its cuisine, accompanied by a hotel


Where are the pleurae, bronchi and alveoli?

SEER Training:Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, & Lungs Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, & Lungs Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, & Lungs Bronchi and Bronchial Tree In the mediastinum , at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra, the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi. The bronchi branch into smaller and smaller passageways until they terminate in tiny air sacs called alveoli. The cartilage and mucous membrane of the primary bronchi are similar to that in the trachea. As the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles. As the cartilage decreases, the amount of smooth muscle increases. The mucous membrane also undergoes a transition from ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to simple cuboidal epithelium to simple squamous epithelium. The alveolar ducts and alveoli consist primarily of simple squamous epithelium, which permits rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries occurs across the walls of the alveolar ducts and alveoli. Lungs The two lungs, which contain all the components of the bronchial tree beyond the primary bronchi, occupy most of the space in the thoracic cavity. The lungs are soft and spongy because they are mostly air spaces surrounded by the alveolar cells and elastic connective tissue. They are separated from each other by the mediastinum , which contains the heart. The only point of attachment for each lung is at the hilum, or root, on the medial side. This is where the bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter the lungs. The right lung is shorter, broader, and has a greater volume than the left lung. It is divided into three lobes and each lobe is supplied by one of the secondary bronchi. The left lung is longer and narrower than the right lung. It has an indentation, called the cardiac notch, on its medial surface for the apex of the heart. The left lung has two lobes. Each lung is enclosed by a double-layered serous membrane, called the pleura. The visceral pleura is firmly attached to the surface of the lung. At the hilum, the visceral pleura is continuous with the parietal pleura that lines the wall of the thorax. The small space between the visceral and parietal pleurae is the pleural cavity. It contains a thin film of serous fluid that is produced by the pleura. The fluid acts as a lubricant to reduce friction as the two layers slide against each other, and it helps to hold the two layers together as the lungs inflate and deflate.


What was the surname of the family who looked after Paddington Bear?

A Short History Of Paddington Bear, From 'Darkest Peru' To Present Day London | The Huffington Post A Short History Of Paddington Bear, From 'Darkest Peru' To Present Day London 11/19/2014 08:54 am ET | Updated Nov 19, 2014 Katherine Brooks Senior Arts & Culture Editor, The Huffington Post. There are several quirks to Paddington Bear that set him apart from the rest of the furry cartoon pantheon. He hails from "Darkest Peru," he dons an iconic duffle coat, and he has an insatiable love for marmalade sandwiches. He has unprecedented manners for a talking animal, a knack for driving down flea market prices, and a tendency to stuff belongings in a Mary Poppins-esque suitcase. Every one of these seemingly bizarre but beloved personality traits works to make the mythology of Michael Bond's 1950s character that much more unique. It's safe to say there's no Spectacled Bear more famous than Paddington. If you haven't caught wind of the hysteria yet, Paddington is making yet another comeback in 2015 , in the form of a new film. As the world anxiously gears up for the live action movie, the Museum of London is hopping on the bear's bandwagon with an exhibition dedicated to Paddington's life. Aptly titled "A Bear Named Paddington," the show runs right up until his big screen debut. From first edition books to original illustrations to a vintage typewriter Bond used in 1965, the collection of ephemera celebrates 60 years of a literary and television icon. The original typewriter (1965) that Michael Bond used to write Paddington at Work and Paddington Goes to Town once he left the BBC in 1965 to work on Paddington full-time. For those who need a refresher on Paddington's history, let's start from the beginning. Paddington was effectively born in 1956, when BBC cameraman Michael Bond bought a small toy bear, left alone on the shelves of a Selfridges store, for his wife. The purchase inspired the author to write several stories detailing the bear's life, a character he named Paddington after the train station close to his home. In 1958, the stories were published as A Bear Called Paddington, along with illustrations by Peggy Fortnum. The book -- and later, the 1970s TV animation -- introduced Paddington like this: On one fated day, the Brown family happened upon a lonely bear at Paddington Railway Station in London. This bear was a stowaway, traveling from "Darkest Peru" to the United Kingdom after his former guardian, Aunt Lucy, moved into a Home for Retired Bears. Inspired by the child evacuees in London fleeing the war, he had only a suitcase and a note that read: "Please look after this bear. Thank you." The Browns -- parents Henry and Mary, along with kids Jonathan and Judy -- took the bear home to 32 Windsor Gardens (an address many are dismayed to learn doesn't exist), and adopted him as less a pet and more a treasured nephew. As a new citizen of London, Paddington -- who forgoes his former surname for his adoptive name Brown -- takes a liking to Portobello Road markets, taking elevenses with Mr. Gruber, aggravating Mrs. Bird and Mr. Curry, and reminiscing about his wealthy relative, Uncle Pastuzo. And, as if you didn't know, he gobbles marmalade whenever he can. Like Curious George, Stuart Little or Winnie-the-Pooh, Paddington inevitably found mayhem wherever he went. Throughout 150 titles, translated into 40 different languages, and at least six different illustrators, Bond wooed audiences with the bear's knack for touching fans of every age group and temperament. It was impossible not to love the orphaned stranger as he mirrored our best and worst human characteristics, all whilst peering intently from beneath his bush hat. " Paddington Bear is a universally loved character , treasured for his optimism, his sense of fair play, and his perfect manners –- and, of course, for his unintentional talent for comic chaos," the "Paddington" film producer David Heyman explained to The Guardian. "Michael Bond's books offer such wit and wonder, and I am so delighted at this chance to bring Paddington to the big screen." In celebration of


What is a word for a deep narrow valley?

canyon - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com Random Word canyon A canyon is a deep, narrow valley surrounded by tall cliffs. Because a canyon is often very deep, be very cautious when standing on the rocky cliffs above. The noun canyon refers to a deep ravine that has been cut into the earth's surface over a long period of time by erosion from a running river. Also known as a gorge, it usually has very steep walls with rocky cliffs. One of the most famous examples is the Grand Canyon, which was cut by the Colorado River. It's an astounding 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, and a mile deep.


"What 4 part UK television series frequently contained the line ""You might very well think that: I couldn't possibly comment""?"

"House of Cards" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST NEWS trailers and videos full cast and crew trivia official sites memorable quotes Overview 48 out of 49 people found the following review useful: Nothing short of BRILLIANT!!! from New York, NY 25 April 2004 One night I happened to be channel surfing looking for the next sci-fi, action, horror thriller when I happened upon PBS's broadcast of the BBC's "House of Cards." I put down the remote for a good 4 hours because what I was experiencing was something truly special. "House of Cards", of course, does not have aliens or chainsaw wielding maniacs. "HOC"'s monster is instead someone frightfully believable. Thanks to Ian Richardson's amazing performance, one can believe such a monster exists and can become PM or President. I won't beat the Shakespeare comparison horse (other users have done so and you can read their comments) but Mrs. Urquhart could easily hold her own in a series focused solely on her. Indeed, all of the characters are well-written and not dumbed-down to the viewer. If only American TV had the guts to produce something like "House of Cards" and let it end instead of dragging it on forever like the American version of "Queer as Folk." That aside, Dobbs and Davis have written a nice tidy political thriller which made me hunt down the DVD years after I saw the TV showing and made me recommend the trilogy to all my friends. I say give "House of Cards" and the sequels a try. Your remote and your intellect will thank you for it. Was the above review useful to you? 42 out of 43 people found the following review useful: The best TV drama serial ever? - "You might very well say that, I couldn't possibly comment" Author: claudelorrain 7 December 2005 This is no doubt one of the best TV drama serials I've ever seen. I got it on DVD and it was so well-done that I saw the first installment (House of Cards) during one night, and the following two installments (To Play the King and The Final Cut) the following two nights. I just could not stop watching it until it was finished. It is very suspenseful, in addition to being intelligent, revealing, and I must say quite cynical. It is based on the book of the same title by Michael Dobbs, who has been a political insider and was at one point Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party. He clearly knows the kinds of things that can happen in the highest echelons of power. If one is to choose the single best thing in the serial, it is no doubt the performance by Ian Richardson. He is a highly capable and versatile actor and this may well be his best performance. It is really priceless to hear him saying "You might very well say that, I couldn't possibly comment" throughout the series. All the other actors are excellent, the screenplay is of the highest quality, and the whole production is exceptional. Was the above review useful to you? 35 out of 37 people found the following review useful: A fantastic series - entertaining, dark and relevant from San Francisco, California 7 January 1999 "House of Cards" is an entertaining and frightening tale. Ian Richardson, playing the intelligent and ruthless Francis Urquhart, immediately draws the viewer into the tale with his wry comments to the camera, discreet confidences just between the two of you, and compels you to accompany him as the tale moves from an amusing political fantasy to something altogether darker. The writing and acting is spot on (I must give kudos to Susannah Harker whose fine performance as Mattie Storin has, I think, been overlooked by many viewers), and the pace of the show doesn't slow until the final, shocking end. I am constantly recommending "House of Cards" to friends, to the point of hosting viewing parties at my place every few months, and I'm not tired of watching it, yet! :) I find that anyone who enjoys such pieces as "I, Claudius" or any other involuted, political drama, will enjoy "House of Cards". Was the above review useful to you? 25 out of 27 people found the following review useful: A truly excellent film. 24 January 2006


John Scopes was put on trial in 1925 in the USA for teaching the theories of which scientist?

An introduction to the John Scopes (Monkey) Trial Darrow questions Bryan during       the Scopes Trial (July 20, 1925) (Smithsonian)     The early         1920s found social         patterns in         chaos. Traditionalists, the older Victorians, worried         that everything         valuable         was ending. Younger modernists no longer asked whether         society would         approve         of their behavior, only whether their behavior met the approval of         their         intellect. Intellectual experimentation flourished.         Americans danced to         the sound of the Jazz Age, showed their contempt for         alcoholic         prohibition,         debated abstract art and Freudian theories. In a         response to the new         social         patterns set in motion by modernism, a wave of         revivalism developed,         becoming         especially strong in the American South.       Who         would dominate American culture--the         modernists         or the traditionalists? Journalists were looking for a         showdown, and         they         found one in a Dayton,          Tennessee courtroom in the summer of 1925. There a         jury was to         decide         the fate of John           Scopes , a high school biology teacher         charged with illegally         teaching the theory of evolution. The guilt or innocence         of John         Scopes,         and even the constitutionality of Tennessee's          anti-evolution statute , mattered little. The         meaning of the trial         emerged         through its interpretation as a conflict of social and         intellectual         values.      William          Jennings Bryan , three-time Democratic candidate         for President and a         populist, led a Fundamentalist crusade to banish Darwin 's theory         of evolution from American classrooms. Bryan's         motivation for         mounting         the crusade is unclear. It is possible that Bryan, who         cared deeply         about         equality, worried that Darwin's theories were being used         by supporters         of a growing eugenics movement that was advocating         sterilization of         "inferior         stock." More likely, the Great Commoner came to his         cause both out a         concern         that the teaching of evolution would undermine         traditional values he         had         long supported and because he had a compelling desire to         remain in the         public spotlight--a spotlight he had occupied since his         famous "Cross         of         Gold" speech at the 1896 Democratic Convention. Bryan,         in the words of         columnist H. L.           Mencken , who covered the Scopes Trial,         transformed         himself         into a "sort of Fundamentalist Pope." By 1925, Bryan and         his followers         had succeeded in getting legislation introduced in         fifteen states to         ban         the teaching of evolution. In February, Tennessee         enacted a bill         introduced         by John          Butler making it unlawful "to teach any theory         that denies the         story of divine creation as taught by the Bible and to         teach instead         that         man was descended from a lower order of         animal


Who was the subject of a 4 week inquiry by the US Atomic Energy Commission in 1954 into his background, actions and associations, due to suspicions that he was a member of the Communist Party and might have spied for the Soviet Union, which resulted in his top secret security clearance being revoked?

Oppenheimer security hearing Oppenheimer security hearing Oppenheimer was probed in a controversial four-week hearing in 1954. The Oppenheimer security hearing was a 1954 proceeding by the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) that explored the background, actions, and associations of J. Robert Oppenheimer , the American scientist who had headed the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II , where he played a key part in the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb . The hearing resulted in Oppenheimer’s Q clearance being revoked. This marked the end of his formal relationship with the government of the United States, and generated considerable controversy regarding whether the treatment of Oppenheimer was fair, or whether it was an expression of anti-Communist McCarthyism . Doubts about Oppenheimer’s loyalty dated back to the 1930s, when he was a member of numerous Communist front organizations, and was associated with Communist Party USA members, including his wife and his brother. These associations were known to Army Counter-intelligence at the time he was made director of the Los Alamos Laboratory in 1942, and chairman of the influential General Advisory Committee of the AEC in 1947. In this capacity Oppenheimer became involved in bureaucratic conflict between the Army and Air Force over the types of nuclear weapons the country required, technical conflict between the scientists over the feasibility of the hydrogen bomb , and personal conflict with AEC commissioner Lewis Strauss . The proceedings were initiated after Oppenheimer refused to voluntarily give up his security clearance while working as an atomic weapons consultant for the government, under a contract due to expire at the end of June 1954. Several of his colleagues testified at the hearings. As a result of the two to one decision of the hearing’s three judges, he was stripped of his security clearance one day before his consultant contract was due to expire. The panel found that he was loyal and discreet with atomic secrets, but did not recommend that his security clearance be reinstated. The loss of his security clearance ended Oppenheimer’s role in government and policy. He became an academic exile, cut off from his former career and the world he had helped to create. The reputations of those who had testified against Oppenheimer were tarnished as well, and Oppenheimer’s reputation was later partly rehabilitated by Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson . The brief period when scientists were hailed as heroes uniquely qualified to comment on public policy was ended, and scientists working within the government were on notice that dissent was no longer tolerated. Contents Background Robert Oppenheimer Before World War II , J. Robert Oppenheimer had been professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley . The scion of a wealthy New York family, [1] he was a graduate of Harvard University , and had studied in Europe at the University of Cambridge in England, [2] the University of Göttingen in Germany (where he had earned his doctorate in physics under the supervision of Max Born at the age of 23), [3] and the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. [2] As one of the few American physicists with a deep understanding of the new field of quantum mechanics , he was hired by the University of California in 1929. [4] [5] As a theoretical physicist, Oppenheimer had considerable achievements. In a 1930 paper on the Dirac equation , he had predicted the existence of the positron . A 1938 paper co-written with Robert Serber explored the properties of white dwarf stars. This was followed by one co-written with one of his students, George Volkoff , in which they demonstrated that there was a limit, the so-called Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit , to the mass of stars beyond which they would not remain stable as neutron stars and would undergo gravitational collapse. In 1939, with another of his students, Hartland Snyder , he went further and predicted the existence of what are today known as black holes . It would be decades be


Where did the car manufacturer Audi originate?

Audi History | Classic Audi Models | Audi USA Audi history A symbol of progressive engineeringThe four rings It's one of the most multi-faceted stories ever told in the history of the automobile. The Audi emblem with its four rings identifies one of Germany’s oldest-established automobile manufacturers. It symbolizes the amalgamation in 1932 of four previously independent motor-vehicle manufacturers: Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. These companies form the roots of what is today AUDI AG. Pioneering Audi visionaryAugust Horch The story of Audi began in 1899 August Horch founded Horch & Cie. in Cologne. It was there that he helped build his first car. After differences of opinion with the board, August Horch left the company and formed a second car company. Because his surname was already in use and was protected by trademark, he chose its Latin translation for the new company. So "horch!" – or "hark" – became "audi!". It was a brilliant idea that came from the son of one of August Horch's business partners. Thanks to his victorious involvement in the Austrian Alpine Runs, August Horch succeeded in making Audi internationally known in just a few years. After the First World War, August Horch withdrew from the company and moved to Berlin to work as an independent automotive expert. A legend, condensedAudi highlights Take a trip through the storied past of Audi and learn about everything from the production of the first left hand drive vehicle to the invention of legendary Audi quattro® all-wheel drive. Soon, you'll understand why Audi is one of the most hallowed names in any industry.


What name is given to the frst person to enter a house in the New Year?

New Year's Traditions New Year's Traditions Auld Lang Syne and other New Year's customs by Borgna Brunner Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And auld lang syne. For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne, We'll tak a cup of kindness yet, For auld lang syne! And surely ye'll be your pint-stowp, And surely I'll be mine, And we'll tak a cup o kindness yet, For auld lang syne! We twa hae run about the braes, And pou'd the gowans fine, But we've wander'd monie a weary fit, Sin auld lang syne. We twa hae paidl'd in the burn, Frae morning sun till dine, But seas between us braid hae roar'd Sin auld lang syne. And there's a hand my trusty fiere, And gie's a hand o thine, And we'll tak a right guid-willie waught, For auld lang syne. New Year's on Dates Other Than Jan. 1 Islamic New Year: Muharram Auld Lang Syne The most commonly sung song for English-speakers on New Year's eve, "Auld Lang Syne" is an old Scottish song that was first published by the poet Robert Burns in the 1796 edition of the book, Scots Musical Museum. Burns transcribed it (and made some refinements to the lyrics) after he heard it sung by an old man from the Ayrshire area of Scotland, Burns's homeland. It is often remarked that "Auld Lang Syne" is one of the most popular songs that nobody knows the lyrics to. "Auld Lang Syne" literally translates as "old long since" and means "times gone by." The song asks whether old friends and times will be forgotten and promises to remember people of the past with fondness, "For auld lang syne, we'll tak a cup o' kindness yet." The lesser known verses continue this theme, lamenting how friends who once used to "run about the braes,/ And pou'd the gowans fine" (run about the hills and pulled up the daisies) and "paidl'd in the burn/Frae morning sun till dine" (paddled in the stream from morning to dusk) have become divided by time and distance—"seas between us braid hae roar'd" (broad seas have roared between us). Yet there is always time for old friends to get together—if not in person then in memory—and "tak a right guid-willie waught" (a good-will drink). But it was bandleader Guy Lombardo , and not Robert Burns, who popularized the song and turned it into a New Year's tradition. Lombardo first heard "Auld Lang Syne" in his hometown of London, Ontario, where it was sung by Scottish immigrants. When he and his brothers formed the famous dance band, Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians, the song became one of their standards. Lombardo played the song at midnight at a New Year's eve party at the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City in 1929, and a tradition was born. After that, Lombardo's version of the song was played every New Year's eve from the 1930s until 1976 at the Waldorf Astoria. In the first years it was broadcast on radio, and then on television. The song became such a New Year's tradition that "Life magazine wrote that if Lombardo failed to play 'Auld Lang Syne,' the American public would not believe that the new year had really arrived." Hogmanay (Scotland) The birthplace of "Auld Lang Syne" is also the home of Hogmanay (hog-mah-NAY), the rousing Scottish New Year's celebration (the origins of the name are obscure). One of the traditions is "first-footing." Shortly after midnight on New Year's eve, neighbors pay visits to each other and impart New Year's wishes. Traditionally, First foots used to bring along a gift of coal for the fire, or shortbread. It is considered especially lucky if a tall, dark, and handsome man is the first to enter your house after the new year is rung in. The Edinburgh Hogmanay celebration is the largest in the country, and consists of an all-night street party (visit their Hagmanay website here ). Oshogatsu (Japan) The new year is the most important holiday in Japan, and is a symbol of renewal. In December, various Bonenkai or "forget-the-year parties" are held to bid farewell to the problems and concerns of the past year and prepare for a new beginning. Misunderstandings and grudges are forgive


"What animal is involved in ""dressage""?"

Animals in the Olympics – Advocacy for Animals Tweet by Lorraine Murray In just over a week, the 2012 Summer Olympic Games will begin in London, England, with the opening ceremony taking place on July 27. A Hanoverian cantering during a dressage test--© Karl Leck/USESA Controversy erupted in mid-June of this year when the show’s artistic director, film and theater director Danny Boyle, presented his plans for the ceremony and revealed that they involved re-creating a rural English setting for the audience of 80,000 (as well as the billion people expected to watch on television around the world). The plan was complete with thousands of people and real farm animals, including 12 horses, 10 chickens, 10 ducks, 2 goats, 3 cows, and 70 sheep. The pastoral part of his theme also involves real grass and soil, plows, and a cricket team, as well as, he claimed, clouds hanging above the stadium that could provide rain. Beyond that will be the flashing, noisy, bright high-tech displays that Olympic audiences have come to expect, including fireworks. The ceremony would begin with ringing of an enormous clanging bell. People involved in animal rights and animal welfare were immediately concerned about the animals. Ingrid Newkirk, the president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, wrote Boyle a letter describing the risks of stressing, injuring, and traumatizing the animals: “There are inevitably serious problems involved when it comes to using live animals in productions, and I don’t mean just aesthetically, with animals falling ill, defecating, urinating and so on. “Animals become stressed and anxious when they are forced into unfamiliar or frightening situations, and stage sets—with their bright lights, heavy equipment and noisy crowds—are obviously traumatic environments for them. “Then there is the transport to and from the venue, which also proves stressful as animals do not understand what is happening. “And as for fireworks, clearly they frighten the bejesus out of animals. By contrast, the use of stunningly clever animatronics would create a show of Olympic proportions—without harming any living beings.” She went on, “Should you opt to use real animals—and we hope you do not—please do as the producer of Babe did and ‘pay them their wages’ by making sure that they are retired to an animal sanctuary after the performance, rather than being sent back to farms and ultimately slaughtered. Your intent is to recreate our ‘green and pleasant land’ but real animals are not necessary to achieve this aspiration and, in fact, detract from it.” Oscar-winning director Danny Boyle--Jason Merritt/Getty Images Indeed, it’s very disappointing to see that, yet again, animals are being impressed into serving human plans as though they were much less than what they are—as if they were window-dressing, loved for certain qualities but not others, appreciated for what they look like and what they mean to humans, without any meaningful concern for their right not to be involved in things that are not to their benefit or may actively harm them. Boyle seems sincere in his appreciation for the animals of the traditional English farm, but it’s a shallow appreciation. It seems unlikely that any real farmer would allow his or her animals to be paraded around before a roaring crowd of spectators for the sake of calling up sentimental nostalgia for the England of memory. Boyle wants to use the animals as part of a “let’s pretend,” but, unfortunately, these animals are real, not actors like the human volunteers in the ceremony, and not a stage set or lighting effect. Animals in Olympic history Animals have actually been involved in the Olympic Games, ancient and modern, since earliest times—both for better and for worse. The ancient Olympics were athletic competitions held in various city-states in the western Pelopponese (in Greece) between 776 BCE and the 4th century CE to honor the Olympian gods. At first, the only event was a stadium-long foot race, but other sports, including chariot races and horse racing were later added. The chariot competi


Series I to V of which video game takes place on the planet of Enroth and its southern continent, Antagarich, and other worlds, Axeoth and Ashan?

Heroes of Might and Magic (Video Game) - TV Tropes Heroes of Might and Magic You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share Video Game / Heroes of Might and Magic × According to both That Other Wiki and the fansite Age of Heroes , the series was inspired when someone had the idea of combining the walk-around-the-map-trying-to-save-the-world strategy of the earlier NWC game King's Bounty with the Roleplaying Game aspects of Might and Magic . There are occasional crossovers between the series: Might and Magic 6 shares a setting with Heroes of Might and Magic 1 and 2, and runs almost concurrently with Heroes 3. Might and Magic 7 shares setting with Heroes 3, and runs between 3 and its expansion pack Armageddon's Blade. Lord Morglin Ironfist is ousted from his homeland by his cousin, Ragnar. Fleeing with his few loyal followers through a portal, he finds himself on another planet, in the land of Enroth. Enroth is a contested land: Lord Slayer, Queen Lamanda, and Lord Alamar are locked in a civil war for control of the continent. Ironfist himself quickly establishes himself as a fourth player in this power struggle. The player gets to chose which of the four warlords they control during the single-player campaign - however the canonical ending is a victory for Morglin Ironfist and the foundation of the Ironfist Dynasty. The second game's campaign centers around a civil war between Morglin's sons - Roland Ironfist, a good knight/wizard, and Archibald Ironfist, a not-so-good warlock. After their father's death, the line of succession is questioned, leading to disagreements between the two. The Royal Seer who was supposed to make the decision unfortunately died in a boating accident . His next three successors died similar deaths before Roland is accused of murdering them and goes into hiding, leaving the fifth Royal Seer to declare Archibald the king, while Roland initiates an insurgency to oust his evil brother. The expansion pack, Price of Loyalty, included four new campaigns and some improvements to game balance. What it did not include was a continuation of the main storyline - this would continue in the third installment (and installment 6 of the related Might and Magic series). Backstory for the games Heroes 3 and M&M 6 states the canonical victor of the second to be Roland: By the time of those two games, he is King of Enroth, married to Catherine Gryphonheart, heir to the throne of Enroth's ally, Erathia. The two have a son together (Nicolai, an NPC in Might and Magic VI). It is around this point that the Kreegans (a race of aliens that look like demons) invade the North-West of Enroth and the North-East of Antagarich (the continent Erathia is located on). The third game is the first in the series to move the action away from the continent of Enroth. Instead it occurs on the southern continent of Antagarich. King Gryphonheart of Erathia has died and the enemies of Erathia (the Antagarich branch of the Kreegan Invasion, the Dungeon Overlords of Nighon, and the Necromancers of Deyja) take the opportunity of its weakened state to launch attacks against it. Queen Catherine leads a force of the Enrothian army to reclaim control of her homeland with the aid of Erathia's local allies AvLee (elves, dwarves, and centaurs) and Bracada (human and genie wizards). The other nations on Antagarich—-the nation of Krewlod, a wasteland ruled by barbarous humans, orcs, goblins, and ogres; and the lizardfolk and gnolls of the Tatalian swamps—take this as an opportunity to bite off a little of their neighbors' territory while they are all distracted with each other, thus beginning the eight-way "Restoration War". The third game's first Expansion Pack "Armageddon's Blade" occurs after the eventual victory of Erathia and its allies in the third game. It features a young ranger, Gelu, and his quest to stop a devil from creating the titular artifact and using it to Take Over the World (or destroy the world, either one seems likely). In addition, there are some other campaigns. In the chaos following the Restoration W


What gives the flamingo the colour of its plumage?

Flamingos | Causes of Color A page from the "Causes of Color" exhibit... What do flamingos and salmon have in common? Flamingos are flamboyantly colored birds, displaying startling shades of pink, red, or orange. With their bright feathers and strongly hooked bills, flamingos are among the most easily recognized water birds. Flamingos are social birds, and tens of thousands can live together in a single colony. Flamingos are one of the oldest species of birds, with fossil remains dating back 30 to 50 million years. They live in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes, either far inland or in large lakes or lagoons, such as tidal flats or mangrove swamps close to the sea. Flamingos are generally non-migratory birds, but a colony may relocate under the pressures of climate or water level changes. Populations that breed in high-altitude lakes, which may freeze over in the winter, move to warmer areas, returning to their native colony to breed. When flamingos migrate, they do so mainly at night. There are six different species of flamingo, found in locations ranging from the Caribbean and South America to Africa, India, and the Mediterranean. Lesser Flamingos at Lake Nakuru. Flamingos at a Caribbean coastal lagoon. Flamingo feather coloration ranges from pale pink to crimson according to species. The Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber rubber) are the brightest, showing their colors of red, pink, or orange on their legs, bills, and faces. How they feed Flamingos are filter feeders, living off algae and tiny animals such as shrimp, mollusks, and insect larvae that live in the mud at the bottom of shallow pools. Their long legs allow them to wade into deep water to forage. Their unusually shaped bill, held upside down, contains lamellae, plates that act like tiny filters to trap shrimp and other water creatures. They use their tongues to suck water in at the front of the bill and pump it out through the sides. Lesser, James, and Andean flamingos eat algae, cyanobacteria, and hard-shelled, single-celled plants. They have larger bills and stiff lamellae to filter fine particles from the water. Caribbean, Chilean, and Greater flamingos eat larger organisms, such as insects, invertebrates, and small fish, using their feet to stir up shrimp and larvae from the waterbed. Why are they pink? Flamingo feathers obtain their wonderful rosy pink color from pigments in the organisms they eat. The flamingos’ feathers, legs, and face are colored by their diet, which is rich in alpha and beta carotenoid pigments. Carotenoids in crustaceans such as those in the flamingo diet are frequently linked to protein molecules, and may be blue or green. After being digested, the carotenoid pigments dissolve in fats and are deposited in the growing feathers, becoming orange or pink. The same effect is seen when shrimp change color during cooking. The amount of pigment laid down in the feathers depends on the quantity of pigment in the flamingo’s diet. An absence of carotenoids in its food will result in new feather growth that is very pale; the existing pigment is lost through molting. Captivity and feeding Flamingos in captivity require a special diet to ensure they preserve their striking colors. Zoos like the San Diego Zoo and Animal Park use special flamingo pellets enriched with pigment. Captive flamingos also require water so that they can eat by pumping water through their bills, as they do in the wild. Flamingos at San Francisco Zoo. In the wild, flamingos eat algae, crustaceans, brine shrimp, diatoms, and aquatic plants. At the zoo, a special “flamingo fare” is served. To preserve their rosy color at the zoo, flamingos are fed a commercially prepared diet high in carotenoids. Initially, zoos fed carrots, red peppers, and dried shrimp to flamingos, but it was found that if synthetic canthaxanthin was added to their feed, nesting and breeding were more successful. What do zoo flamingos and farmed salmon have in common? Both salmon farmers and zookeepers rely on doses of a carotenoid, such as canthaxanthin or a similar pigment, to keep fish and


What nickname was given to German Chancellor Otto Van Bismarck?

Otto von Bismarck, the Iron Chancellor OTTO VON BISMARCK Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) The battleship Bismarck was named in honour of Otto F�rst von Bismarck, the architect of German unification and the arbiter of European politics during the second half of the 19th century. Bismarck, also known as the "Iron Chancellor", was the founder and first chancellor of the German Empire, and through his diplomatic skills, he managed to maintain the peace in Europe for a generation. Early Life and Career. Otto von Bismarck was born on 1 April 1815 at Sch�nhausen in Brandenburg, Prussia.  His father, Ferdinand von Bismarck-Sch�nhausen, was of the old Prussian nobility.  His mother, Wilhelmine Mencken, from the upper bourgeoisie.  He studied law at the University of G�ttingen in Hanover, and obtained his degree in 1837. In 1847, he married Johanna von Puttkammer. During the revolutions of 1848, Bismarck favored suppression of revolt and opposed any concessions to the liberals, staying loyal to the monarchy. In 1849, he was elected to the Prussian Chamber of Deputies (the lower chamber of the Prussian Diet). In 1851, Frederick William IV appointed Bismarck as the Prussian representative to the federal Diet in Frankfurt. In 1859, Bismarck was sent to Russia as Prussian ambassador to St. Petersburg, and in May 1862, he moved to Paris as ambassador to the court of Napoleon III. Soon after he returned to Berlin, and on 22 September 1862, Bismarck became minister president and foreign minister for the Prussian king William I (Wilhelm I). German Unification. After a series of victorious wars against Denmark over Schleswig-holstein in 1864, and against Austria in 1866, the North German Confederation (Norddeustcher Bund) was formed in 1867 under Prussian control.  Then in 1870, following the victorious conclusion of the Franco-Prussian war, Germany succeeded in obtaining Alsace and Lorraine. The German Empire was proclaimed at Versailles on 18 January 1871 by King William I as Emperor, and Bismarck was elevated to prince (F�rst) and imperial chancellor (Reichskanzler). Imperial Chancellor. As German chancellor, Bismarck directed his foreign policy at maintaining and strengthening the power of the German Empire.  In order to prevent a war of revenge, Bismarck decided now to isolate France diplomatically.  In 1873, he formed the Three Emperors' League (Dreikaiserbund) with Russia and Austria-Hungary.  But rivalry in the Balkans provoked the Russo-Turkish War of 1877, and Bismarck had to mediate at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, successfully maintaining the peace.   Increasing Russian hostility brought about the the Dual Alliance with Austria (1879), and then the Triple Alliance when Italy joined in 1882.  Bismarck, however, sought to tie Russia to this alliance by reviving the Three Emperors' League (1881-87) through the Reinsurance Treaty (1887-90).  He also gained British cooperation. Domestically, Bismarck extended the powers of the imperial government, adopted laissez-faire economic policies, fought the political power of the Roman Catholic church in the Kulturkampf, and pioneered social welfare measures. After the death of William I in 1888, differences between William II, provoked Bismarck's resignation on 18 March 1890.  He devoted his last days writing his memoirs.  Bismarck died in Friedrichsruh on 30 July 1898 at the age of 83.


"The single ""Sara"" was from Fleetwood Mac's 12th studio album (that followed the album ""Rumours""), released in 1979. What was the album?"

Fleetwood Mac - Tusk [Full Album] - YouTube Fleetwood Mac - Tusk [Full Album] Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Apr 6, 2012 Tusk is the 12th album by the British/American rock band Fleetwood Mac. Released in 1979, it is considered experimental, primarily due to Lindsey Buckingham's sparser songwriting arrangements and the influence of punk rock and New Wave on his production techniques. Bassist John McVie has commented that the album sounds like "the work of three solo artists" (Buckingham, Stevie Nicks and Christine McVie), whilst Mick Fleetwood later proclaimed that it is his favourite and the best Fleetwood Mac studio album created by the group. Costing over one million dollars to record (a fact widely noted in the 1979 press), it was the most expensive rock album made up to that point. Tusk peaked at #4 in the US and was certified double platinum for shipping two million copies.[5] It peaked at #1 in the UK and achieved a Platinum award for shipments in excess of 300,000 copies[6]. The album gave the group two US top-ten hit singles, with the Buckingham-penned title track (US #8/UK #6), and the Stevie Nicks composition "Sara" (US #7/UK #37). Further releases from the album, "Not That Funny" (UK only single release), "Think About Me" and "Sisters of the Moon" were less successful; however, the latter two appear in their 'single versions' on the 2002 compilation The Very Best of Fleetwood Mac. "Sara" was cut to 4½ minutes for both the single and the first CD release of the album, but the unedited version has since been restored on the 1988 Greatest Hits compilation and the 2004 reissue of Tusk as well as Fleetwood Mac's 2002 release of The Very Best of Fleetwood Mac. Original guitarist Peter Green also took part in the sessions for Tusk, but his playing on the Christine McVie track "Brown Eyes" is not credited on the album.[7] Though the album sold four million copies worldwide, in comparison to the huge sales of Rumours and the unprecedented recording expense, the band's record label deemed the project a failure, laying the blame squarely with Buckingham himself.[citation needed] Fleetwood, however, blames the album's relative failure on the RKO radio chain playing the album in its entirety prior to release, thus allowing mass home taping.[8] In addition, Tusk was a double album, with a high list price of $15.98. The band embarked on a huge 18-month tour to promote Tusk. They travelled extensively across the world, including the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, France, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. In Germany they shared the bill with reggae superstar Bob Marley. It was on this world tour that the band recorded music for the Fleetwood Mac Live album, which was released at the end of 1980. Category


"In the term ""taxi-cab"", the word cab"" is an abbreviated form of what word?"

Taxi Words: A Brief History | Wordnik Taxi Words: A Brief History [Photo: stock.xchng] Taxi, cab, black cab, yellow cab, gypsy cab, hack – how many different words are there for that vehicle for hire? We decided to find out. One hundred and fifty years ago today , London became the first city to host licensed taxicabs. But vehicles for hire were around long before that. The word hackney , referring to “a coach or other carriage kept for hire,” came about around 1664, according to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), but originally referred to a place “now well within London, it once was pastoral and horses apparently were kept there.” Eventually, the word came to refer to “a horse kept for riding or driving,” as opposed to a war horse, and then “a horse kept for hire.” From the “ordinary horse” sense came other meanings: “a person accustomed to drudgery” (1546), and “a prostitute” (1579). It’s also where we get hack , “a drudge; one who is overworked; especially, a literary drudge; a person hired to write according to direction or demand.” The word cab is newer than hackney, originating around 1826 as a shortened form of cabriolet , “a covered one-horse carriage with two wheels.” Cabriolet comes from the Italian capriolare , “jump in the air,” so-named for the vehicle’s “light, leaping motion.” A black-and-tan was “a cab of the coupé type, introduced in New York in 1883,” and named for its colors. An 1885 New York Times article reported that “‘black and tan’ cab No. 257 was going slowly down Broadway when a snort of steam from an elevated train at Thirty-third-street startled the horse and sent him on a gallop down that street.” Livery cab is chiefly a U.S. expression, says the OED, attested to 1896. However, the word livery is much older, originating in the 14th century , according to the Online Etymology Dictionary, as “an allowance of food or other provisions statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to servants, to horses, etc.,” and coming from the Old French livrer, “to dispense, deliver, hand over.” Livery car came later, in 1906, at the time that motorized taxicabs were introduced in New York. London Black Cab, by stevelyon [Photo:  CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 by stevelyon ] Black cab , how the taxicab is commonly referred to in British English, is first attested to 1914, says the OED, but didn’t seem to gain popularity until the 1970s . Gypsy cab , “a taxicab that is licensed only to respond to calls but often cruises the streets for passengers,” attests to 1964 . The word taxi , short for taxicab , came up around 1907 . Taxicabs were first known as taximeter cabs, where taximeter was “a commercial name of an instrument for automatically recording and mechanically computing the tax or charge to be made for the use of a hired vehicle in accordance with a determined tariff for such charges.” Taximeter comes from the Middle Latin taxa, “tax, charge,” and the Greek metron, “measure.” In the early half of the 20th century, taxi was a colloquial term for “a (small) passenger aeroplane,” says the OED, which gave us the verb sense of taxi, “to move slowly on the ground or on the surface of the water before takeoff or after landing.” Taxi is also U.S. slang for “a prison sentence of between five and fifteen years,” says the OED, perhaps from the analogy between a short taxi ride and relatively short prison term. Taxi dancer , “a woman employed, as by a dance hall or nightclub, to dance with the patrons for a fee,” is recorded from 1930 and comes from “the fact that the dancers are hired, like taxis, for a short period of time.” Taxi squad is an American football term meaning either “a group of professional players who are under contract to and practice with a team but are ineligible to play in official games,” or “the four extra players on the roster of a professional team who are prepared to join the team on short notice, as to substitute for injured players.” The term is from 1966, says the Online Etymology Dictionary , possibly “from a former Cleveland Browns owner who gave his reserves jobs with his taxicab company to keep t


The flags of Australia and New Zealand feature representations of what?

The Australian Flag Home > ANBG > Australian Flag The Australian Flag The Australian Flag came into being after the the federation of the Australian States into the Commonwealth of Australian on 1 January, 1901. The Commonwealth Blue Ensign was selected a a result of a public competition (over 30 000 designs were submitted); although selected in 1901 and gazetted in 1903, it was not given Royal assent and adopted as the definitive Australian flag until 1954 in the Flags Act 1953 (Act No. 1 of 1954)! It is based on the Blue Ensign of the United Kingdom, is twice as long as it is wide, and consists of a dark blue field that can be notionally divided into four quadrants. There is a different motif in each of the upper and lower hoist quadrants and the remaining two quadrants of the fly share another different constellation motif. The present Australian flag can be considered to consist of three main elements: The Union Jack in the upper hoist quadrant or first quarter (also know as the Canton), denoting Australia's historical links with Great Britain. The Union Jack itself is composed of red and white intersecting and overlayed vertical and diagonal crosses on a blue background, The Southern Cross in the second quarter (also known as the top or head) and fourth quarter. Consists of five stars in a more or less kite-like pattern - Alpha Crucis (7-point), Beta Crucis (7-point), Gamma Crucis (7-point), Delta Crucis (7-point) and the smaller Epsilon Crucis (5-point). The outer diameter of each of the 4 major stars is 1/7 the width of the fly and the inner diameter is 4/9 outer diameter; the diameter of Epsilon Crucis is 1/12 the width of the fly and the inner diameter is 4/9 the outer diameter. The constellation of the Southern Cross is a significant navigational feature of the southern hemisphere, strongly places Australia geographically and has been associated with the continent since its earliest days, The Commonwealth Star or Star of Federation, central in the third quarter or lower hoist, has seven points to denote the six states and the combined territories of the Commonwealth. The seventh point was added in 1909. The outer diameter is 3/5 the width of the Union Jack (3/10 the width of the fly) and the inner diameter is 4/9 the outer diameter. Other Australian Ensigns The Australian Army is represented by and protector of the Australian National Flag. In addition to the the Commonwealth Ensign, there are three other official Australian ensigns: The Australian Red Ensign - Merchant Navy, as for the Australian flag, but with a red field with white stars. Proclaimed in the Flags Act 1953. Covers Australian registered ships under section 30 of the Shipping Registration Act 1981. The Australian White Ensign - Royal Australian Navy - as for the Australian flag but with a white field and dark blue stars. Gazetted in 1967. The Sky-blue Ensign - Royal Australian Air Force - as for the Australian flag but with a pale blue field, the southern cross rotated clockwise c. 20 degrees and the blue roundel with white inner and red kangaroo of the Royal Australian Air Force in the lower fly. Gazetted in 1982. Flags Similar to the Australian Flag Several nations and territories have flags with similar appearance to the Australian National Flag, reflecting either a common British colonial history or previous association with Austrlaia. Most notable is the New Zealand National Flag, a Blue Ensign with a Southern Cross of four red stars. State and Territory Flags Each of the six states of Australia has its own Official State Flag consisting of a Blue Ensign defaced with the badge or heraldic device of the state concerned; the heraldic devices are those represented in the Commonwealth Arms . The flags of the Australian territories and of more individual nature and are not based on the Blue Ensign. Other "Australian" Flags The Queen's Personal Flag for Australia This flag is for the Queen's personal use when in Australia and was approved by her in 1962. It is based on the Australian Commonwealth Arms in the form of a banner n the rati