Who wrote 'Sexus', 'Nexus'and 'Plexus' that collectively make up 'The Rosy Crucifixion'?

Henry Miller's Women, Part Two: Orgasm | The Huffington Post Henry Miller's Women, Part Two: Orgasm 06/24/2014 03:29 pm ET | Updated Aug 24, 2014 Arthur Hoyle Author of 'The Unknown Henry Miller: A Seeker in Big Sur' When Miller was 22 and, at his mother's behest, working in his father's tailor shop, he began taking piano lessons from an attractive young woman more suitable for courtship than the divorcee Pauline Chouteau. Beatrice Sylvas Wickens was an amateur pianist who had been raised by a maiden aunt after her mother remarried. Her convent education had left her conflicted and puritanical about sex, a feature of her character that caused Miller considerable frustration and resentment. Their dates would end with heavy petting in the hallway of her apartment that always stopped short of consummation. Beatrice finally yielded, but Henry had to penetrate her through her nightgown, a contraceptive with humorous overtones. After the United States entered World War One, Miller left his father's tailor shop to take a job in Washington as a clerk in the War Department. A confirmed pacifist, he hoped that this position would exclude him from the draft, but when he received a notice ordering him to register, he returned to New York to marry Beatrice and qualify for a deferment. They honeymooned at Niagara Falls, after which Henry again went to work at his father's tailor shop. He took up a life that in its conventionality and dreariness mirrored the empty life of his parents. Beatrice's frigidity continued into their marriage, further aggravating him. Soon the atmosphere of their relationship turned toxic, Miller responding to her coldness with contempt and philandering. Following a visit they made to Beatrice's mother in Delaware during which Miller carried on an affair with the mother, Beatrice became pregnant. A daughter named Barbara was born in September 1919. In 1920, after Heinrich Miller was forced to close his tailor shop and hire himself out to other tailors, Henry took a job as the employment manager of Western Union at a salary of $240 a month. He quickly became a rowdy and unscrupulous executive, hiring pretty female assistants with whom he carried on affairs and skimming the messengers' carfare allowance into his own pocket. In the fall of 1921, Beatrice moved to Rochester, New York to live with her aunt, taking Barbara with her. After Miller wrote Beatrice an affectionate letter and visited them, Beatrice decided to return to New York to resume their marriage, but the dynamics of their relationship had not changed. Twice Beatrice became pregnant, and twice abortions were arranged. Their loveless marriage continued until Miller met a young woman who turned his life in a radically new direction that propelled him towards becoming a writer. ]While staying away from home to avoid his family and its unwanted responsibilities, Miller had become a frequenter of the dance halls that clustered around Times Square. One evening in the summer of 1923 he had a fateful encounter with a beautiful taxi dancer who would become the central character of four of his autobiographical novels: Tropic of Capricorn, and Sexus, Plexus, and Nexus (collectively called The Rosy Crucifixion). Miller bought a string of dance tickets and quickly fell under the spell of this beautiful, mysterious, mercurial, dark-haired woman who called herself June Mansfield. By year's end his marriage to Beatrice was over. Miller joined June in her tawdry street life, living rent free with her at a succession of friends' apartments where they made love through the night until Miller, sleepless, would drag himself off to work at Western Union. In June 1924 they were married at City Hall in Hoboken, New Jersey in a ceremony witnessed by strangers recruited from passing pedestrians. Miller was plunged into a passionate but chaotic existence with June that scoured him emotionally and psychologically. \Miller mythologized June as Mara/Mona in his autobiographical novels. Who was she really? Her given name was Juliet Edith Smerth. She was born in 1902 in Romania, a


What was the name ofthe character played by Richard Griffiths in the TV series 'Pie In The Sky'?

Withnail & I Actor Richard Griffiths Dies Weather Withnail & I Actor Richard Griffiths Dies Tributes are paid to Richard Griffiths, star of Withnail & I, The History Boys and the Harry Potter films, who has died aged 65. 09:58, UK, Friday 29 March 2013 Video: Potter Actor Richard Griffiths Dies Mail Actor Richard Griffiths, best known for his roles in The History Boys, Withnail & I and Pie In The Sky, has died. He died of complications following heart surgery at the University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire. He was 65. Born in Thornaby-on-Tees in North Yorkshire in 1947, Griffiths established himself as a much-loved character actor in dozens of films and television series over five decades. His best-known roles included his turn as the lascivious Uncle Monty in the cult 1987 movie Withnail & I, and as Hector in the stage and film version of Alan Bennett's The History Boys. He had recently been introduced to a new generation of fans with his performances as Vernon Dursley in the Harry Potter films. Image Caption: Receiving his OBE from the Queen Griffiths worked with big-name Hollywood directors - featuring in Martin Scorsese's Hugo and Tim Burton's Sleepy Hollow - as well as appearing in TV comedies like The Vicar Of Dibley, Ted And Ralph and Lovejoy. Between 1994 and 1997 he starred in the BBC series Pie In The Sky as detective-turned-restaurateur Henry Crabbe. Video: Director's Tribute To 'Great Actor' Having originally made his name on stage with Shakespearean roles including Falstaff and Bottom, he appeared last year as the Duke of Burgundy in Henry V as part of the BBC's celebrated Hollow Crown series. He had recently been appearing in Neil Simon's The Sunshine Boys with Danny DeVito in the West End and had been due to reprise his role in the production in Los Angeles in September. He was awarded an OBE in 2008 for services to drama. Griffiths was famously said to have had little patience for people who allowed their mobile phones to ring in the theatre, reportedly stopping during a performance of The History Boys and telling the offending audience member: "I am asking you to stand up, leave this auditorium and never, ever come back." Born to deaf parents he learned sign language at an early age. He is survived by his wife, Heather Gibson. Richard E Grant, who played Withnail in Withnail & I, wrote on Twitter: "My beloved 'Uncle Monty' Richard Griffiths died last night. Chin-Chin my dear friend." Co-star Paul McGann wrote: "A brilliant, funny, principled man, and a true gent. Led the way on Withnail & I. Wore his great skill lightly and his great heart out. RIP." Daniel Radcliffe, who starred as Harry Potter and also appeared alongside Griffiths in the play Equus, led tributes to the actor. He said: "In August 2000, before official production had even begun on Potter, we filmed a shot outside the Dursleys', which was my first ever shot as Harry. "I was nervous and he made me feel at ease. "Seven years later, we embarked on Equus together. It was my first time doing a play but, terrified as I was, his encouragement, tutelage and humour made it a joy. "In fact, any room he walked into was made twice as funny and twice as clever just by his presence. I am proud to say I knew him." National Theatre director Sir Nicholas Hytner, who directed Griffiths in The History Boys and The Habit Of Art, said: "Richard Griffiths wasn't only one of the most loved and recognisable British actors - he was also one of the very greatest. "His performance in The History Boys was quite overwhelming: a masterpiece of wit, delicacy, mischief and desolation, often simultaneously. "But that was just one small part of a career that spanned Shakespeare, cutting-edge new plays and major work in film and television." His agent Simon Beresford said: "Richard brightened my days and enriched the life of anyone he came into contact with. "On stage he allowed us to share in our own humanity and constantly question our differences. Richard gave acting a good name. He was a remarkable man and one of our greatest and best-loved actors. He will be g


Give a year in the life of French philosopher and satirist Voltaire?

Voltaire (Fran�ois-Marie Arouet) > By Individual Philosopher > Philosophy (Portrait by Nicolas de Largilli�re, 1718) Introduction Voltaire (real name Fran�ois-Marie Arouet) (1694 - 1778) was a French philosopher and writer of the Age of Enlightenment . His intelligence, wit and style made him one of France's greatest writers and philosophers, despite the controversy he attracted. He was an outspoken supporter of social reform (including the defence of civil liberties, freedom of religion and free trade), despite the strict censorship laws and harsh penalties of the period, and made use of his satirical works to criticize Catholic dogma and the French institutions of his day. Along with John Locke , Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau , his works and ideas influenced important thinkers of both the American and French Revolutions. He was a prolific writer, and produced works in almost every literary form (plays, poetry, novels, essays, historical and scientific works, over 21,000 letters and over two thousand books and pamphlets). Life Voltaire was born on 21 November 1694 in Paris, France, the youngest of five children in a middle-class family. His father was Fran�ois Arouet, a notary and minor treasury official; his mother was Marie Marguerite d'Aumart, from a noble family of Poitou province. Voltaire was educated by Jesuits at the Coll�ge Louis-le-Grand in Paris from 1704 to 1711, where he showed an early gift for languages, learning Latin and Greek as a child, and later becoming fluent in Italian, Spanish and English as well. He, however, claimed that he learned nothing but "Latin and the Stupidities". By the time he left college, Voltaire had already decided he wanted to become a writer. However, his father very much wanted him to become a lawyer, so Voltaire pretended to work in Paris as an assistant to a lawyer, while actually spending much of his time writing satirical poetry. Even when his father found him out and sent him to study law in the provinces, he nevertheless continued to write. Voltaire's wit soon made him popular among some of the aristocratic families of Paris and he became a favourite in society circles. When Voltaire's father obtained a job for him as a secretary to the French ambassador in the Netherlands, Voltaire fell in love with a French refugee named Catherine Olympe Dunoyer, but their scandalous elopement was foiled by Voltaire's father and he was forced to return to France. From an early age, Voltaire had trouble with the French authorities for his energetic attacks on the government and the Catholic Church, which resulted in numerous imprisonments and exiles throughout his life. In 1717, still in his early twenties, he became involved in the Cellamare conspiracy of Giulio Alberoni against Philippe II, Duke of Orl�ans (then Regent for King Louis XV of France), and his writings about the Regent led to him being imprisoned in the infamous Bastille for eleven months. While there, however, he wrote his debut play, "Oedipe", whose success established his reputation. In 1718, following this incarceration, he adopted the name "Voltaire" (a complex anagrammatical play on words), both as a pen-name and for daily use, which many have seen as marking his formal separation from his family and his past. When he offended a young nobleman, the Chevalier de Rohan, in 1726 a lettre de cachet was issued to exile Voltaire without a trial and he spent almost three years in England from 1726 to 1729. The experience greatly influenced his ideas and experiences, and he was particularly impressed by Britain's constitutional monarchy, its support of the freedoms of speech and religion, as well as the philosophy of John Locke and the scientific works of Sir Isaac Newton (1642 - 1726) on optics and gravity. After he returned to Paris, he published his views on British government, literature and religion in a collection entitled "Lettres philosophiques sur les Anglais" ("Philosophical letters on the English"), which met great controversy in France (including the burning of copies of the work), and Voltaire was aga


In Greek mythology, which mountain nymph fell in love with Narcissus?

Echo Echo See More Echo Pictures > Echo was an Oread in Greek mythology, a mountain nymph that lived on Mount Kithairon. Zeus was quite attracted to nymphs and often visited them. Hera , his wife, jealous of his various affairs, followed him trying to catch him. However, Echo would engage Hera in long-winded conversations, giving the time to Zeus to evade her. At some point, Hera realised the plot of Echo and cursed her to only be able to repeat the last words that another person just said. After being cursed, Echo came across a beautiful young man named Narcissus , but was unable to talk to him because of the curse. She simply followed him in the woods. Narcissus , having lost his companions with whom he had gone hunting, started shouting "Is anyone there?" Echo , given the opportunity, repeated the words. He shouted again "Let's come together" to which Echo rushed onto him repeating his words. However, Narcissus rejected Echo , and she was left in despair. Narcissus came across a lake and there, he fell in love with his own image, causing his death, unable to move. Echo mourned for him and eventually died away herself, leaving only her voice behind. Echo Is also called Ekho.


Which Tennis player beat Serena and Venus Williams inconsecutive matches at the 2001 Australian Open?

Serena Williams' Grand Slam history and U.S. Open Serena prepared for Slam Serena year by year A look at how far Serena Williams advanced in each of the grand slams during her nearly 20 years on tour. 1998 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: No. 53 Serena Williams lost to No. 16 Venus Williams in the Round of 64, 7-6 (7-4), 6-1. FRENCH OPEN: No. 27 Serena Williams lost to No. 5 Arantxa Sanchez Vicario in the Round of 16, 4-6, 7-5, 6-3. WIMBLEDON: No. 20 Serena Williams lost to No. 47 Virginia Ruano Pascual in the Round of 32, 7-5, 4-1 (retired). U.S. OPEN: No. 20 Serena Williams lost to No. 8 Irina Spirlea in the Round of 32, 6-3, 0-6, 7-5. 1999 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: No. 26 Serena Williams lost to No. 15 Sandrine Testud in the round of 32, 6-2, 2-6, 9-7. FRENCH OPEN: No. 10 Serena Williams lost to No. 37 Mary Joe Fernandez in the Round of 32, 6-3, 1-6, 6-0. WIMBLEDON: Missed tournament because of injury. U.S. OPEN: No. 6 Serena Williams won her first Grand Slam by defeating No. 1 Martina Hingis in the final, 6-3, 7-6. 2000 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: No. 4 Serena Williams lost to No. 18 Elena Likhovtseva in the Round of 16, 6-3, 6-3. FRENCH OPEN: Missed tournament because of injury. WIMBLEDON: No. 8 Serena Williams lost to No. 5 Venus Williams in the semifinals, 6-2, 7-6. U.S. OPEN: No. 5 Serena Williams lost to No. 2 Lindsay Davenport in the quarterfinals, 6-4, 6-2. 2001 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: No. 6 Serena Williams lost to No. 1 Martina Hingis in the quarterfinals, 6-2, 3-6, 8-6. FRENCH OPEN: No. 7 Serena Williams lost to No. 4 Jennifer Capriati in the quarterfinals, 6-2, 5-7, 6-2. WIMBLEDON: No. 5 Serena Williams lost to No. 4 Jennifer Capriati in quarterfinals, 6-7, (4-7), 7-5, 6-3. U.S. OPEN: No. 10 Serena Williams lost to No. 4 Venus Williams in the final, 6-2, 6-4. 2002 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: Missed tournament because of injury. FRENCH OPEN: No. 3 Serena Williams beat No. 2 Venus Williams in the final, 7-5, 6-3. WIMBLEDON: No. 2 Serena Williams beat No. 1 Venus Williams in the final, 7-6 (7-4), 6-3. U.S. OPEN: No. 1 Serena Williams beat No. 2 Venus Williams in the final, 6-4, 6-3. 2003 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: No. 1 Serena Williams beat No. 2 Venus Williams in the final, 7-6 (7-4), 3-6, 6-4. FRENCH OPEN: No. 1 Serena Williams lost to No. 4 Justine Henin in the semifinals, 6-2, 4-6, 7-5. WIMBLEDON: No. 1 Serena Williams beat No. 4 Venus Williams in the final, 4-6, 6-4, 6-2. U.S. OPEN: Missed tournament because of injury. 2004 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: Missed tournament because of injury. FRENCH OPEN: No. 7 Serena Williams lost to No. 6 Jennifer Capriati in the quarterfinals, 6-3, 2-6, 6-3. WIMBLEDON: No.10 Serena Williams lost to No. 15 Maria Sharapova in the final, 6-1, 6-4. U.S. OPEN: No. 11 Serena Williams lost to No. 8 Jennifer Capriati in the quarterfinals, 2-6, 6-4, 6-4. 2005 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: No. 7 Serena Williams beat No. 1 Lindsay Davenport in the final, 2-6, 6-3, 6-0. FRENCH OPEN: Missed tournament because of injury. WIMBLEDON: No. 4 Serena Williams lost to No. 85 Jill Craybas in the Round of 32, 6-3, 7-6 (7-4). U.S. OPEN: No. 8 Serena Williams lost to No. 10 Venus Williams in the Round of 16, 7-6 (7-5), 6-2. 2006 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: No. 15 Serena Williams lost to No. 17 Daniela Hantuchova in the Round of 32, 6-1, 7-6 (7-5). FRENCH OPEN: Missed tournament because of injury. WIMBLEDON: Missed tournament because of injury. U.S. OPEN: No. 91 Serena Williams lost to No. 1 Amelie Mauresmo in the Round of 16, 6-4, 0-6, 6-2. 2007 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: No. 81 Serena Williams beat No. 2 Maria Sharapova in the final, 6-1, 6-2. FRENCH OPEN: No. 8 Serena Williams lost to No. 1 Justine Henin in the quarterfinals, 6-4, 6-3. WIMBLEDON: No. 8 Serena Williams lost to No. 1 Justine Henin in the quarterfinals, 6-4, 3-6, 6-3. U.S. OPEN: No. 9 Serena Williams lost to No. 1 Justine Henin in the quarterfinals, 7-6 (7-3), 6-1. 2008 AUSTRALIAN OPEN: No. 7 Serena Williams lost to No. 4 Jelena Jankovic in the quarterfinals, 6-3, 6-4. FRENCH OPEN: No. 5 Serena Williams lost to No. 24 Katarina Srebotnik in the Round of 32, 6-4, 6-4. WIMBLEDON: No. 6 Serena Williams lost to No. 7 Venus Williams in the fina


Which carbohydrate is also called 'milk sugar'?

What is Milk Sugar? (with pictures) What is Milk Sugar? Last Modified Date: 02 December 2016 Copyright Protected: 10 hilariously insightful foreign words Milk sugar is a single molecule of glucose linked to a single molecule of galactose to form a carbohydrate. It is also commonly known as lactose , which is a special form of carbohydrate called a disaccharide. Lactose is the first and only form of carbohydrates consumed by humans and other newborn mammals in significant quantities. Although all mammals' milk naturally contains lactose, it is produced industrially from cows' milk. Research has shown that nearly 70% of the world's population is intolerant to milk sugar, a condition called lactose intolerance. It may cause digestive problems ranging from gas and bloating to gastrointestinal discomfort and diarrhea. Lactose intolerance may be caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase , which is present on the surface of cells lining the small intestine. The function of lactase is to break down this complex sugar into simpler forms of sugar, glucose and galactose, that can be more easily absorbed by the bloodstream. Some dairy products are marketed to people who have lactose intolerance. These food items include everything from milk to ice cream and cheese that have had all the lactose removed. Dietary supplements are also available that enable people who have an intolerance to the substance to digest it. Ad For people who don't have trouble digesting lactose, dietary supplements containing milk sugar are commonly used as part of a high-calorie diet or to gain weight. It is sometimes used as a sweetener in fermented alcoholic beverages like beer as well. Lactose may also be used as a stabilizing ingredient in the production of aromas and fragrances. Lactose is also commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as an excipient — an inert substance used as a vehicle for a drug's active ingredients. Lactose tends to be inert, meaning it does not commonly react with other ingredients, and it is also non-toxic and inexpensive. This makes it ideal for use in pharmaceuticals such as tablets, capsules, and dry powder inhalers. Pharmaceutical lactose is isolated from milk whey through the processes of concentration , crystallization, and purification. Fabricio Bartoletti was a doctor of philosophy and medicine who discovered the presence of lactose in milk in 1619. A professor of surgery and anatomy, Fabricio Bartoletti was also the first person to isolate the milk sugar from the whey. Lactose wasn't identified as a sugar until 1780 by a pharmaceutical chemist named Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Ad anon351292 Post 9 Most lactose intolerance is due to pasteurizing milk. My son and nephew both had stomach pain after drinking milk. Once we all switched to raw milk, the pain ceased. The more I talk to people using raw milk, the more I hear this story. serenesurface Post 8 @MikeMason-- I'm no expert but I think that lactose intolerance develops at a later age. Infants don't have lactose intolerance. Some infants have trouble digesting cow's milk so they need to switch to goat's milk. I think that genetically, we are all supposed to become lactose intolerant after childhood. But because some cultures consume a lot more milk and continue to have it into adulthood, some of our genes have adapted to tolerate milk after childhood. stoneMason Post 7 How can 70% of all people be lactose intolerant when we all have breast milk as babies? If so many people were lactose intolerant, they wouldn't be able to have milk from the beginning right? And I have never heard of lactose intolerant babies. bear78 Post 6 I think people are confused about lactose. Lactose is a sugar molecule but don't think of this as something like table sugar that is sweet. When we're talking about sugar molecules, we are talking about different types of carbohydrates. All carbohydrates turn into glucose, a type of sugar in our body. This is what we use for energy. So the fact that a food has a type of sugar in it like lactose, glucose or fructose doesn't necessarily mea


SELENE - Greek Goddess of the Moon (Roman Luna) Selene Moon (selênê) Selene goddess of the moon, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Antikensammlung Berlin SELENE was the Titan goddess of the moon. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. Her lunar sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak. She was sometimes said to drive a team of oxen and her lunar crescent was likened to a pair of bull's horns. Selene's great love was the shepherd prince Endymion . The beautiful boy was granted eternal youth and immortality by Zeus and placed in a state of eternal slumber in a cave near the peak of Lydian Mount Latmos (Latmus). His heavenly bride consorted with him there in the night. A number of other goddesses were also associated with the moon, however, only Selene was represented by the old Greek poets represented as the moon incarnate. Other Greek moon goddesses included Pasiphae , the Leukippides (Leucippes) , Eileithyia , Hekate (Hecate) , Artemis , Bendis , and Hera (who sometimes doubled for Selene in the Endymion myth). FAMILY OF SELENE [1.1] HYPERION & THEIA (Hesiod Theogony 371, Apollodorus 1.8, Hyginus Preface) [1.2] HYPERION & EURYPHAESSA (Homeric Hymn 31 to Helios) [2.1] PALLAS (Homeric Hymn 4 to Hermes 100, Ovid Fasti 4.373) [3.1] HELIOS (Euripides Phoenicians 175, Nonnus Dionysiaca 44.198) OFFSPRING [1.1] PANDEIA (by Zeus ) (Homeric Hymn 32 to Selene, Hyginus Preface) [2.1] ERSA (by Zeus ) (Greek Lyric II Alcman Frag 57) [3.1] NEMEA (by Zeus ) (Scholiast on Pindar's Nemean Ode) [5.1] THE MENAI x50 (by Endymion ) (Pausanias 5.1.5) [6.1] NEMEAN LION (Aelian On Animals 12.7, Hyginus Fabulae 30, Seneca Hercules Furens 83) [7.1] MOUSAIOS (Ion of Chiod Frag 30a, Plato Republic 364d, Philodemus On Piety) [8.1] NARKISSOS (by Endymion ) (Nonnus Dionysiaca 48.582) ENCYCLOPEDIA SELE′NE (Selênê), also called Mene, or Latin Luna, was the goddess of the moon, or the moon personified into a divine being. She is called a daughter of Hyperion and Theia, and accordingly a sister of Helios and Eos (Hes. Theog. 371, &c.; Apollod. i. 2. § 2; Schol. ad Pind. Isthm. v. 1, ad Apollon. Rhod. iv. 55); but others speak of her as a daughter of Hyperion by Euryphaessa (Hom. Hymn. 31. 5), or of Pallas (Hom. Hymn. in Merc. 99, &c.), or of Zeus and Latona (Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 175), or lastly of Helios (Eurip. l.c.; comp. Hygin. Praef. p. 10, ed. Muncker). She is also called Phoebe, as the sister of Phoebus, the god of the sun. By Endymion, whom she loved, and whom she sent to sleep in order to kiss him, she became the mother of fifty daughters (Apollod. i. 7. § 5; Cic. Tusc. i. 38; Catull. 66. 5; Paus. v. 1. § 2); by Zeus she became the mother of Pandeia, Ersa, and Nemea (Hom. Hymn. 32. 14 ; Plut. Sympos. iii. in fin.; Schol. ad Pind. Nem. Hypoth. p. 425, ed. Böckh). Pan also is said to have had connexion with her in the shape of a white ram (Virg. Georg. iii. 391). Selene is described as a very beautiful goddess, with long wings and a golden diadem (Hom. Hymn. 32. 1, 7), and Aeschylus (Sept. 390) calls her the eye of night. She rode, like her brother Helios, across the heavens in a chariot drawn by two white horses, cows, or mules (Ov. Fast. iv. 374, iii. 110, Rem. Am. 258 ; Auson. Ep. v. 3; Claudian, Rapt. Proserp. iii. 403; Nonn. Dionys. vii. 244). She was represented on the pedestal of the throne of Zeus at Olympia, riding on a horse or a mule (Paus. v. 11. § 3); and at Elis there was a statue of her with two horns (Paus. vi. 24. § 5). In later times Selene was identified with Artemis, and the worship of the two became amalgamated (Callim. Hymn. in Dian. 114, 141 ; Soph. Oed. Tyr. 207 ; Plut. Sympos. l.c.; Catull. 34. 16; Serv. ad Aen. iv. 511, vi. 118). In works of art, however, the two divinities are usually distinguished; the face of Selene being more full and round, her figure less tall, and always clothed in a long robe; her veil forms an arch above her head, and above it there is the crescent. At Rome Luna had a


Who won the Men's Singles at the 2001 Australian OpenTennis Championships?

U.S. Open | tennis | Britannica.com U.S. Open Alternative Title: United States Open Tennis Championships Related Topics Fed Cup U.S. Open, formally the United States Open Tennis Championships, international tennis tournament, the fourth and final of the major events that make up the annual Grand Slam of tennis (the other tournaments are the Australian Open , the French Open , and the Wimbledon Championships ). Arthur Ashe Stadium at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, Queens, N.Y. © Ffooter/Shutterstock.com The U.S. Open is held each year over a two-week period in late August and early September. Since 1978 all the U.S. Open championships have been played on the acrylic hard courts of the U.S. Tennis Association (USTA) National Tennis Center (renamed the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in 2006) in Flushing Meadows, Queens , N.Y. The U.S. Open consists of championships in five main categories: men’s singles and doubles, women’s singles and doubles, and mixed doubles. The tournament is unique among the Grand Slam events in that tiebreakers are played in the deciding sets (the fifth set for men and the third set for women), instead of continuing play in the final set until a player has won by two games. Mariya Sharapova serving during the 2006 U.S. Open women’s final; she defeated Justine … Stan Honda—AFP/Getty Images The U.S. Open developed from one of the oldest tennis championships in the world: the U.S. National Championship, which was established in 1881 as a national men’s singles and doubles competition. The tournament was open only to clubs that were members of the U.S. National Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA; now the USTA). The event expanded to include women’s singles in 1887, women’s doubles in 1889, and mixed doubles in 1892. The five championships were contested at different locales until 1968, when all five tournaments were finally hosted at a common site (the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills , Queens, N.Y.), whereupon the championships became known as the U.S. Open. The tournament moved to Flushing Meadows in 1978. As a unique result of this decentralized history, the tournament has been played on a variety of surfaces: from 1881 to 1974, it was played on grass; from 1975 to 1977, on clay; and since 1978, on DecoTurf, a fast hard-court surface comprising an acrylic layer over an asphalt or concrete base. Andre Agassi returning the ball during a match at the 1999 U.S. Open. Clive Brunskill—Allsport/Getty Images French Open The main court at the U.S. Open (and the National Tennis Center’s largest venue) is the 22,000-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium, which is followed in capacity by the 10,000-seat Louis Armstrong Stadium, the 6,000-seat Grandstand Stadium, and smaller side courts. All courts are lit and therefore conducive to night play, and the inner courts are painted blue to facilitate the tracking of the ball. Like most major championships tied to professional sports , the U.S. Open is as much a media extravaganza and tourist attraction as a sporting event, with special musical acts and family activities scheduled throughout the two-week period. Justine Henin returning a shot during the 2007 U.S. Open. Xinhua/Landov One of the most notable moments in U.S. Open history took place in the 1992 semifinal match between American Michael Chang and Stefan Edberg of Sweden. Edberg emerged victorious, but only after a grueling five hours and 26 minutes, defeating Chang 6–7, 7–5, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4. That is believed to be the longest match in U.S. Open history. The longest women’s match in the competition’s history—in terms of number of games—occurred in 1898 (before the institution of tiebreakers), when the five-set match between Juliette Atkinson (the winner) and Marion Jones extended to 51 games. Arthur Ashe won the U.S. Open in 1968, but because of his amateur status (he was a lieutenant in the U.S. Army at the time) he was unable to accept the prize money. Another interesting side note in U.S. Open history is that Jimmy Connors is the only male to have won Open singles titles on all three of


Which British philosopher's books include, 'Principles Of Mathematics'?

Ray Monk's top 10 philosophy books of the 20th century | Books | The Guardian Ray Monk's top 10 philosophy books of the 20th century Wednesday 31 October 2001 19.00 EST First published on Wednesday 31 October 2001 19.00 EST Share on Messenger Close Ray Monk is professor of philosophy at the University of Southampton and is the author of Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius, and Bertrand Russell: The Spirit of Solitude. His most recent book, Bertrand Russell: The Ghost of Madness 1921-1970, focuses on Russell's relationship with his son, John. Buy Bertrand Russell: The Ghost of Madness at Amazon.co.uk "The following list is unashamedly 'unbalanced'. Of the 10 books listed, four are by a single philosopher: Ludwig Wittgenstein. I make no apologies for this. In my view, Wittgenstein towers above all other 20th century philosophers to such an extent that it is surprising to find any books not written by him included in such a list." 1. The Principles of Mathematics by Bertrand Russell This is the nearest Russell came to writing a magnum opus. In its original conception it was to have been the book that established the truth of "logicism", the view that mathematics is nothing more nor less than a branch of logic. Unfortunately, this aim was scuppered by Russell's discovery, late in the book's development, of a paradox that threatened his whole system of logic. The book contains a tentative solution to this paradox, but, more than that, it established the lines of thinking that would dominate the philosophy of mathematics throughout the 20th century. 2. Logic and Knowledge by Bertrand Russell If one wants to know why Russell is regarded as a great philosopher, one should read this collection of his early essays. In particular, his 1905 paper, 'On Denoting', is arguably his greatest contribution to philosophy. It is in that paper that Russell expounds his famous Theory of Descriptions, a theory that has had a decisive influence on the style and content of the entire analytical tradition. In 'On Denoting', Russell set subsequent philosophers a great challenge: the challenge of seeing through the grammatical structures of everyday language in order to identify the logical structures that lie beneath them. In one way or another, most subsequent analytical philosophy can be seen as an attempt to rise to this challenge. 3. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus by Ludwig Wittgenstein This is the only book Wittgenstein published in his lifetime, and is universally acknowledged to be a masterpiece. Though it has now received 80 years of commentary, there is still no settled view as to what, exactly, Wittgenstein meant by the numbered oracular pronouncements of which the book is composed. It has been read as a logical positivist tract, a work of religious mysticism and an exercise in Kierkegaardian irony. Wittgenstein himself insisted that its central point was to distinguish that which can be said in language and that which has to be "shown". Perhaps because of its opaqueness, it is a book that grows in fascination the more often one reads it. 4. Philosophical Investigations by Ludwig Wittgenstein This is, in my view, the greatest philosophical book ever written. Compared to Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, it is easy to read, but its true meaning is no less difficult to assimilate. At its heart is an assault upon the tendency, pervasive in almost all philosophical thinking, to "look for a substance whenever one sees a substantive". Thus, we ask: "what is the mind?" "what is consciousness?" and so on, without realising that our puzzlement will not be dispelled by finding something that is the mind, consciousness, etc. This is because the source of that puzzlement does not lie in the absence of such "substances", but rather in the assumption that there must be such things in order for the words we use to have any meaning. Wittgenstein's assault on this assumption is rich and many-faceted and has wide-reaching implications for all philosophical thinking. 5. Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics by Ludwig Wittgenstein Philosophical Investi


What was the name of the underground movement in rural France that fought against the Germans in WW II?

French Resistance World War II Knowledge Base > History > History French Resistance World War II The French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II.   Studying to receive a BA in History from Columbia University. I love NY sports from Red Bulls to Yankees. Don't mind spending cold Friday nights with a movie and cup of hot chocolate. Curated Facts The role of the French Resistance in the success of Operation Overlord must never be underestimated. In existence since the early days of the German Occupation of France, originally the resistance was a movement which comprised of many separate units, each working independently, without co-ordination with one another. Bravely causing as many problems as possible to the occupying German troops. Many allied airmen owe their lives to these Frenchmen, who, through their web of contacts and safe houses, were able to help them back home to England. Article:                     Page Title     During the late war, about 45,000 Allied aviators were shot down over occupied Europe, and their capture became a matter of immediate and furious concern for the Nazis. At least seventy-five per cent of these airmen attempting to evade capture were given assistance by heroic Resistance people of western Europe...The French "Underground Railroad"--twentieth century version--antedated the appearance of Allied bombming missions over Europe. Hundreds of British soldiers stranded on the Continent by the fall of France in the summer of 1940 had escaped by this means. × Amazon Results The Maquis des Manises was involved in resistance activities and the hiding and repatriation of allied aircrew shot down over France. When Operation Overlord was launched on the 6 June 1944, the various resistance movements all over France were mobilized to cause maximum disruption to German communications and troop movements. Playing their part, 250 maquisards of the Maquis des Manises engaged 3000 SS and French Vichy troops in combat in the forest area. This action no doubt delayed the mobilization of these German troops to Normandy, which in turn may have facilitated the consolidation of Allied positions on the Normandy beachheads. Article:                     French Resistance: The M...     (ON DDAY) The German command could not determine where the Americans were concentrated (they in fact weren't) and what their objectives were to be. The French resistance had cut so many telephone lines that German HQ could not determine the full extent of the invasion. More importantly, the Germans could not determine whether or not if this airborne invasion was the real invasion or just a diversionary tactic. Article:                     Military History Online -...     In France, toward the end of the war, the resistance movement assassinated Germans, collaborators and others they deemed unworthy of living, such as black marketers. According to rough estimates, the French Resistance killed 2500 people between the autumn of 1943 and June 6, 1945. Article:                     Victors against the Defea...     "During the summer of 1941 the civilian population's resistance to our occupation forces intensified perceptibly in every theater of war, with sabotage incidents and attacks on Germany security troops and installations", German Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel recalled the reports that came to his desk during the war. "[A]cts of sabotage became horrifying frequent in France and even in Belgium." The counter the resistance movement, German forces employed a policy to rule by iron fist, including later retribution operations against innocent civilians. Article:                     World War II Database     The French Resistance movement is an umbrella term which covered numerous anti-German resistance movements that were based within France. There were resistance mov


What colour is the cheek-patch of the European Goldfinch?

European GoldFinch European GoldFinch Anna June 29, 2013 0 Comments Country of Origin: Most European Countries Males Size: 12-13.5 cm in length with a wingspan of 21–25 cm Female Size: 12- 13.5 cm in length with a wingspan of 21-25cm Weight: 16-22g Lifespan: 10-15 years Best Suited as: Pets The European Goldfinch, often called the Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) came to Australia in the mid-19th century and is one of the only true finches that reside there. While mostly still found in the wild, they are colorful birds with a spirited song and make a nice musical addition to any family. Appearance It is difficult to tell the male and female Goldfinch apart, as they appear nearly identical. Both sexes have black wings with a distinct yellow stripe, red mask-like faces, black and white heads, ivory bills, and brown and white upper and under parts. The tail is notched and mostly black with a white tip. The Goldfinch bill is long and sharp, allowing them to extract seeds from thistles and teasels.Occasionally a male displays a larger, darker red mask that stretches past his eye while a female’s mask rarely reaches that far. Juvenile Goldfinches have a similar appearance with a plain head and more grey on their backs. Breeders have developed a variety of color mutations – tawny, yellow, albino and pastel. Temperament Goldfinches tend to be mild mannered, independent creatures, although they do best when they live in a pair. They get along well with other birds and are rarely aggressive. They should not be housed together with other pairs of Goldfinches, especially when mating. If you have the interest, your Goldfinch can be taught a number of tricks and are known to be almost acrobatic at times. Care The Goldfinch is easy to care for but your Goldfinch’s diet needs special attention. While mostly on a seed diet, its diet should also include millets, eggfood, green food (carrot tops, dandelion, lettuce, and fresh sprouts) and live food (mealworms and fruit fly larva). Some bird nutrition experts advocate for feeding your birds sprouted or germinated seeds instead of fresh vegetables and fruits. Your finch will always need plenty of fresh water, grit and cuttlebone. Your bird’s seed mix is available at most pet store and most storeowners will steer you towards a high-grade mix most likely containing thistle seed. For entertainment purposes, you can also have your little acrobat try a millet spray that he will love hung from his perch. Your bird will need little grooming although may need her nails trimmed from time to time. This is accomplished by holding your Goldfinch firmly without fear of getting pecked or bitten. Goldfinches tend to be higher maintenance when they are mating. Their diet need to be more restrictive, higher in protein and more and fresh produce needs to be introduced. If you breed your Goldfinch pair, you are likely to have a clutch of 3-7 eggs which hatch in approximately 14 days.  Interestingly, your male Goldfinch will most likely be the one to feed the babies. Enclosure While European Goldfinches prefer to fly free in large planted aviaries, they will tolerate large indoor flight cages as well. They enjoy flying from perch to perch so make sure their cage is free of items that may get in the way of them stretching their wings. The size of the cage should be a minimum of 30 cm x 45 cm for a pair. It should be placed in a well-lit area at eye level but not where there will be drafts. The cage needs to be washed every week and the paper and grit should be changed several times a week. If you have fortunate to have an aviary for your pet Goldfinch, they can be housed with other birds of similar size. It is best not to keep them with parrots, lovebirds and parakeets, however. Health Issues There are not many common types of illnesses known to be a problem for Goldfinches. Most injuries and sickness come from neglect or ignorance on the part of their owner. If their cage is not cleaned often (perches need to be disinfected, too!) then sickness can be a problem. Broken wings are also likely if cages are too smal


A 'Knab' or 'Knot' is the collective noun for which amphibious creatures?

Animal Group Names - Documents Documents Share Animal Group Names Embed
  Animal Group Names
 size(px) Animals Group name Text Animal Group Names (Collective Nouns) Animal Albatross Antelopes Ants Apes Asses Auks Baboons Badgers Bats Bears Beavers Bees Rookery Herd, cluster, herd Nest, army, colony, state, swarm, bike Shrewdness, troop Pace, drove, herd, coffle Colony, flock, raft Troop, flange Cete, colony, set, company Colony, cloud Sloth, sleuth, slought Family, lodge, colony Swarm, cluster, nest, hive, erst, bike, cast, college, drift, game, fry, peck, rabble, stand, range, butt, spindle, grist Birds Bison Bitterns Battery, cast, congregation, covert, covey, drift, flight, fleet, flock, flush, nest, aviary Herd Flock, sedge, siege Group Name Bloodhounds Sute Boars Buffaloes Bullfinches Bullocks Butterflies Camels Caribou Caterpillars Cats Sounder, singular, herd Troop, herd, gang, obstinacy Bellowing Drove Rabble, flight Flock, train, caravan, herd Herd Army, nest Clowder, clutter, cluster, colony, glorying, kindle, litter, dout, parliament, seraglio, glaring, destruction (wild cats) Cattle Chicken Chinchilla Clams Cockroaches Cod Colts Cormorants Drove, herd, bow, bunch, draft, drift, flote, head, diary Brood, clutch, hatching, nest, parcel, peep, battery, flock Colony Bed Intrusion Lap Rake, rage Colony, flight  Cows Crabs Cranes Crocodiles Crows Deer Dogs Dolphins Doves Ducks Eagles Eels Elephants Elks Ferrets Finches Fish Flies Flamingoes Foxes Frogs Geese Giraffes Gnats Goats Goldfish Gorillas Dairy, drove, pack, team Cast Flock, herd, sedge, siege, sege Bask, nest Murder, parcel, hover Herd, leash, bevy, game, quarry, bunch, mob Gang, legion, kennel, pack, stud Team, school Duet, dule, dole, flight, troop, pitying (of turtle doves) Bunch, brood, knob, raft, skein, string, mob, paddling, plump, sord, sore, team, waddling Aerie, brood, convocation, cargo Swarm, bed, bind, draft, fry, wisp Herd, flock, parade Gang, herd Business Chirm, charm School, shoal, haul, draught, run, catch, cran, flote, flutter, cast, throw, warp Business, hatch, grist, swarm, community, fare, rabble, cloud Stand Cloud, skulk, brace, leash, troop, earth Army, colony, froggery Gaggle, clutch, flock, line, skein, nide, wedge Herd, corps, troop, tower Swarm, cloud, horde, plague, rabble Flock, trip, herd, tribe Troubling Band Grasshoppers Cloud Hares Hawks Hedgehogs Hens Hippopotami Hornets Horses Insects Down, flick, huske, kindle, tripp, drove, warren, dun Aerie, brood, cast, leash, mews, staff Nest, array Battery, brood, parcel, roost, mews, concatenation Bloat, school, pod, herd Nest, bike, swarm Haras, stud, herd, string, field, set, team, stable, mews, mob, parcel, rag, slate Horde, nest, swarm, rabble, plague  Jackrabbits Jellyfish Kangaroos Larks Leopards Lice Lions Locusts Magpies Mallard Mice Midges Minnows Moles Monkeys Moose Mosquitoes Mules Nightingales Otters Owls Oxen Oysters Parrots Peacocks Pekingese Penguins Pigeons Pigs Porpoises Quail Rabbits Racoons Ravens Reindeer Rhinoceros Husk Smuck, fluther, smack, stuck, smuth, brood Troop, mob, herd Bevy, exaltation, flight, wisp Leap Flock Pride, troop, flock, sawt, souse Swarm, cloud, plague Tiding, tittering Flush, lute, puddling, sord, sute Nest, colony, harvest Bite Shoal, steam, or swarm Company, labour, citadel (of mole burrows) Troop, cartload, tribe Herd Scourge Barren, span, mulada, rake Watch, flock, route Bevy, lodge, family Parliament, stare Team, yoke, drove, or herd Bed, cast, clam, hive, set Company, flock, pandemonium Pride, muster, ostentation Pomp Parcel, rookery Flight, flock, loft Drove, fare, litter, flock, hoggery, sounder, nest of trotter


Who was the secretary-General of the Commonwealth from 1975 - 97?

AIM25 text-only browsing: Commonwealth Secretariat: RAMPHAL, Sir Shridath (b1928) Commonwealth Secretariat Reference code(s): GB 3172 RAMPHAL Held at: Commonwealth Secretariat Title: RAMPHAL, Sir Shridath (b1928) Date(s): 1975-1977, [1990] Name of creator(s): Ramphal | Sir l Shridath | b 1928 | Knight | second Commonwealth Secretary-General CONTEXT Administrative/Biographical history: Sir Shridrath Ramphal, born 1928; Career: Crown Counsel, British Guiana 1953-54; Asst to Attorney-Gen. 1954-56; Legal Draftsman 1956-58; Solicitor-Gen. 1959-61; Legal Draftsman, West Indies 1958-59; Asst Attorney-Gen., West Indies 1961-62; Attorney- Gen., Guyana 1965-73; member Nat. Assembly 1965-75; Minister of State for External Affairs 1967-72, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1972-75, of Justice 1973-75; Commonwealth Sec.-Gen. 1975-90; Chancellor Univ. of Guyana 1988-92, Univ. of Warwick 1989-2001, Univ. of West Indies 1989-; Queen's Counsel 1965 and Sr Counsel, Guyana 1966; member Int. Commission of Jurists, Ind. Commission on Int. Devt Issues, Ind. Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues, Ind. Commission on Int. Humanitarian Issues, World Commission on Environment and Devt, South Commission, Carnegie Commission on Deadly Conflict, Bd of Governor Int. Devt Research Center, Canada, Exec. Cttee of Int. Inst. for Environment and Devt, Council of Int. Negotiation Network Carter Center, Georgia, USA 1991-97; Patron One World Broadcasting Trust; Chair. UN Cttee for Devt Planning 1984-87, West Indian Commission 1990-92, Bd Int. Inst. for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) 1995-2001, Advisory Cttee Future Generations Alliance Foundation 1995-97; Pres. World Conservation Union-IUCN 1990-93; Int. Steering Cttee Leadership for Environment and Devt Program Rockefeller Foundation 1991-98; Co-Chair. Commission on Global Governance 1992-2000; Adviser to Sec. -Gen. of United Nations Council for Education and Development 1992; Chief Negotiator on Int. Econ. Issues for the Caribbean Region 1997-2001; Facilitator Belize-Guatemala Dispute 2000-02; John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship 1962; Hon. Bencher of Gray's Inn 1981; Fellow, King's Coll., London 1975, LSE 1979, RSA 1981, Magdalen Coll., Oxford 1982. Honours and awards: Order of the Republic (Egypt) 1973; Grand Cross, Order of the Sun (Peru) 1974; Grand Cross, Order of Merit (Ecuador) 1974, Order of Nishaan Izzuddeen (Maldives) 1989, Grand Commdr, Order of Niger 1990, Grand Commdr, Order of the Companion of Freedom (Zambia) 1990, Nishan-e-Quaid-i-Azam (Pakistan) 1990, Order of the Caribbean Community 1991, Commdr Order of the Golden Ark 1994; Hon. LLD (Panjab Univ.) 1975, (Southampton) 1976, (Univ. of The West Indies) 1978, (St Francis Xavier Univ., Halifax, Canada) 1978, (Aberdeen) 1979, (Cape Coast, Ghana) 1980, (London) 1981, (Benin, Nigeria) 1982, (Hull) 1983, (Yale) 1985, (Cambridge) 1985, (Warwick) 1988, (York Univ. , Ont., Canada) 1988, (Malta) 1989, (Otago, New Zealand) 1990; Hon. DHL (Simmons Coll., Boston) 1982; Hon. DCL (Oxon.) 1982, (East Anglia) 1983, (Durham) 1985; Dr hc (Surrey) 1979, (Essex) 1980; Hon. DHumLitt (Duke Univ., USA) 1985; Hon. DLitt (Bradford) 1985, (Indira Gandhi Nat. Open Univ.) 1989; Hon. DSc (Cranfield Inst. of Tech.) 1987; Arden and Atkin Prize, Gray's Inn 1952, Int. Educ. Award (Richmond Coll., London) 1988, RSA Albert Medal 1988, Medal of Friendship, Cuba 2001, Pravasi Bharata Samman Award 2003. Publications: One World to Share: Selected Speeches of the Commonwealth Secretary-General 1975-79, Nkrumah and the Eighties (1980 Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Lectures), Sovereignty and Solidarity (1981 Callander Memorial Lectures), Some in Light and Some in Darkness: The Long Shadow of Slavery (Wilberforce Lecture) 1983, The Message not the Messenger (STC Communication Lecture) 1985, The Trampling of the Grass (Econ. Commission for Africa Silver Jubilee Lecture) 1985, For the South, a Time to Think 1986, Making Human Society a Civilized State (Corbishley Memorial Lecture) 1987, Inseparable Humanity: An Anthology of Reflections of Shridath Ramphal 1988, An End to Otherness (si


A 'Tiding' or 'Tittering'is the collective noun for which type of birds?

Group Names for Birds Group Names for Birds: A Partial List By Terry Ross A bevy of quail A bouquet of pheasants [when flushed] A brood of hens A building of rooks A cast of hawks [or falcons] A charm of finches A colony of penguins A company of parrots A congregation of plovers A cover of coots A covey of partridges [or grouse or ptarmigans] A deceit of lapwings A descent of woodpeckers A dissimulation of birds A dole of doves An exaltation of larks A fall of woodcocks A flight of swallows [or doves, goshawks, or cormorants] A gaggle of geese [wild or domesticated] A host of sparrows A kettle of hawks [riding a thermal] A murmuration of starlings A murder of crows A muster of storks A nye of pheasants [on the ground] An ostentation of peacocks A paddling of ducks [on the water] A parliament of owls A party of jays A peep of chickens A pitying of turtledoves A raft of ducks A rafter of turkeys A siege of herons A skein of geese [in flight] A sord of mallards A spring of teal A tidings of magpies A trip of dotterel An unkindness of ravens A watch of nightingales A wedge of swans [or geese, flying in a "V"] A wisp of snipe Any of these group names may properly be used by birders who wish to display their erudition, although it is probably linguistically inaccurate (and it certainly is bad manners) to upbraid someone who refers to "a bunch of ravens" by saying, "Surely you mean `an unkindness of ravens,' my good fellow." Most of these terms date back at least 500 years. Some of them have been in continuous use since then; others have gone out of fashion and been resurrected in the last century or two; still others only exist on lists. Most of these terms are listed in James Lipton's An Exaltation of Larks. Lipton's list is substantially based on very old sources. There were manuscript lists of group names in the 15th century, and these lists appeared in some of the first books printed in England. Many of them make their first appearance in John Lydgate's Debate between the Horse, Goose, and Sheep (1440); and Lydgate's terms along with others appear in The Book of Hawking and Hunting (also known as The Book of St. Albans) by Dame Juliana Barnes (1486). Whether Lydgate and Barnes coined any of these terms, or whether they were setting down the terms that were considered proper in their day is not known. Many of the terms did catch on, and the lists they appeared on were frequently reprinted. The best source I know for investigating the histories of English words is the Oxford English Dictionary. Unfortunately, on the question whether these terms ever were or still are appropriate, the OED is not entirely helpful. To make sense of the matter, I have placed the group names into groups-- GROUP A--The following group names are standard: A bevy of quail A bouquet of pheasants  A brood of hens A cast of hawks A charm of finches A covey of partridges A flight of swallows A gaggle of geese A nye of pheasants A siege of herons A skein of geese A trip of dotterel A wisp of snipe GROUP B--These terms are not group names for a particular type of bird, but have been commonly used for many different types:  Colony Company Flock Parliament Party GROUP C--These terms are archaic; they were once obsolete, but they have been revived somewhat in the 19th or 20th centuries: A building of rooks A murmuration of starlings A muster of peacocks A peep of chickens A sord of mallards A spring of teal A watch of nightingales GROUP D--These terms are obsolete; they appeared on the old lists, but almost nobody has used them in centuries:  A congregation of plovers A dissimulation of birds A dole of doves A fall of woodcock A host of sparrows A paddling of ducks An unkindness of ravens GROUP E--These terms are not in the OED at all as group names for birds: A cover of coots A kettle of hawks A murder of crows An ostentation of peacocks A pitying of turtledoves A rafter of turkeys A tidings of magpies My categories are imprecise, but they provide some guidance about usage. Have no qualms about usin


What colour are the feetand legs of a Greylag Goose?

Gaia Guide: Description of Greylag Goose (species: Anser anser) Show field guides Distinguishing features The Greylag is the largest and bulkiest of the grey geese of the genus Anser. It has a rotund, bulky body, a thick and long neck, and a large head and bill. It has pink legs and feet, and an orange or pink bill. The plumage is greyish-brown, with a darker head and paler belly with variable black spots. Its plumage is patterned by the pale fringes of its feathers. It has a white line bordering its upper flanks. Its coverts are lightly coloured, contrasting with its darker flight feathers. Juveniles differ mostly in their lack of a black-speckled belly. ��(Wikipedia) Size From 74 cm    to 91 cm        (Length of specimen) Weight From 2.16 kg    to 4.56 kg Wingspan From 147 cm    to 180 cm        (Length of specimen) Synonyms View the distribution based on Global Biodiversity Information Facility data Distribution and habitat preferences This species is found throughout the Old World, apparently breeding where suitable localities are to be found in many European countries, although it no longer breeds in southwestern Europe. Eastwards, it extends across Asia to China. In North America, there are both feral domestic geese, which are similar to greylags, and occasional vagrants. In Great Britain, their numbers had declined as a breeding bird, retreating north to breed wild only in the Outer Hebrides and the northern mainland of Scotland. However, during the 20th century, feral populations have been established elsewhere, and they have now re-colonised much of England. The breeding habitat is a variety of wetlands including marshes, lakes, and damp heather moors. (Wikipedia)


Which terrorist organisation was responsible for the hijacking of the cruise ship 'Achille Lauro'?

Chapter 6 -- Terrorist Organizations Chapter 6 -- Terrorist Organizations Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism April 30, 2008 Report Terrorist Organizations Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) aliases cited are consistent with and drawn from the Specially Designated Nationals list maintained by the Department of Treasury. The full list can be found at the following website: http://www.treasury.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/sdn/sdnlist.txt . On October 15, 1999, pursuant to UNSCR 1267, the “al-Qa’ida and Taliban Sanctions Committee” was established. The 1267 sanctions regime has been modified and strengthened by subsequent resolutions so that the sanctions now cover individuals and entities associated with al-Qa’ida, Usama bin Ladin, and the Taliban. The targeted individuals and entities are placed on the Consolidated List. The full list can be found at the following website: http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/consolist.shtml . U.S. Government Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People's Army (CPP/NPA) Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA) Gama'a al-Islamiyya (IG) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Kongra-Gel (formerly Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK)) Lashkar e-Tayyiba Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM) Mujahadin-e Khalq Organization (MEK) Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC) Al-Qa’ida Al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) [Formerly Salafist Group for Call and Combat (GSPC)] Real IRA (RIRA)  Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) Revolutionary Nuclei (RN) Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17N) Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C) Shining Path (SL) United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) a.k.a. Arab Revolutionary Brigades; Arab Revolutionary Council; Black September; Fatah Revolutionary Council; Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims Description: The Abu Nidal Organization (ANO), an international terrorist organization, was founded by Sabri al-Banna (a.k.a. Abu Nidal) after splitting from the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1974. The group's previous known structure consisted of various functional committees, including political, military, and financial. In August 2002, Abu Nidal died in Baghdad, probably at the hands of Iraqi security officials; the new leadership of the organization remains unclear. Activities: The ANO has carried out terrorist attacks in 20 countries, killing or injuring almost 900 persons. The group has not staged a major attack against Western targets since the late 1980s. Major attacks included the Rome and Vienna airports in 1985, the Neve Shalom synagogue in Istanbul, the hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in Karachi in 1986, and the City of Poros day-excursion ship attack in Greece in 1988. The ANO is suspected of assassinating PLO deputy chief Abu Iyad and PLO security Chief Abu Hul in Tunis in 1991. The ANO conducted no attacks in 2007. Strength: Current strength is unknown. Location/Area of Operation: The group is largely considered inactive, although former and possibly current ANO associates might be in Iraq and Lebanon. External Aid: The ANO's current access to resources is unclear, but it is likely that the decline in state support has had a severe impact on its capabilities. Abu Sayyaf Group a.k.a. Al Harakat al Islamiyya Description: The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) is an Islamic terrorist group operating in the southern Philippines. Some ASG leaders allegedly fought in Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion and are students and proponents of radical Islamic teachings. The group split from the much larger Moro National Liberation Front in the early 1990s under the leadership of Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, who was killed in a clash with Philippine police in December 1998. His younger brother, Khadaffy Ja


Which artist painted 'Dancer At The Barre'?

Dancers Practicing at the Barre | Edgar Degas | 29.100.34 | Work of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art Dancers Practicing at the Barre Artist: Edgar Degas (French, Paris 1834–1917 Paris) Date: 1877 Medium: Mixed media on canvas Dimensions: 29 3/4 x 32 in. (75.6 x 81.3 cm) Classification: Paintings Credit Line: H. O. Havemeyer Collection, Bequest of Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer, 1929 Accession Number: 29.100.34 Description The watering can, visible at left, was a standard fixture in ballet rehearsal rooms; water was sprinkled on the floor to keep dust from rising when ballerinas danced. Degas also used the watering can as a visual pun: its shape is mimicked by that of the dancer at right. Shown at the 1877 Impressionist exhibition, the painting was given by Degas to the collector Henri Rouart as a replacement for an earlier work (now lost), which the artist altered and accidentally destroyed. Louisine Havemeyer purchased it from Rouart's estate sale in 1912, for $95,700, a record price for a work by a living artist.


BBC - Scotland's History - Edward I, King of England. Scotland's History Articles Edward I, King of England. Born 1239, died 1307. Reign 1272 – 1307 Edward I, King of England. Born 1239, died 1307. Reign 1272 – 1307 One of the most effective English kings, Edward was also one of Scotland's greatest adversaries. Through his campaigns against Scotland he would come to be known after his death as 'Scottorum malleus' – the Hammer of the Scots. Intelligent and impatient, Edward proved to be a highly effective king. The reign of his father, Henry III, was marked by internal instability and military failure. Upon succeeding to the throne on 1272 Edward did much to rectify these issues. He managed to control and placate the unruly English barons and unite them behind him. A learned scholar, Edward also took great personal interest in matters of administration and government and introduced reforms and ideas learnt whilst staying abroad in the family-held territory of Gascony. He also made great use of his Parliament – a strategy that helped maintain stability in the country and, more importantly for Edward, brought in regular sums of money to enable Edward to pursue his ambitions. Edward also devised far uglier means of raising money. In 1275 Edward issues the Statute of Jewry that persecuted the Jewish population of England and imposed severe taxation on them. Proving both lucrative and popular, Edward extended this policy further. In 1290 the Jews were expelled from England – minus their money and property. The money raised from this dark practise was used to fund his his ambition to be overlord of the Scotland and Wales. As a younger man Edward forged an impressive reputation as a man of action. Domestically and abroad Edward proved himself as a soldier and a leader of men. In 1266 Edward received international accolade for his role in the 8th and 9th Crusades to the Holy Land where he helped secure the survival of the beleagured coastal city of Acre. It was while returning from the Crusade that Edward learned that his father, Henry III, had died and that he was now the King of England. Ambitious and impulsive, Edward wasted no time in enforcing his will on his neighbours. As an ominous precursor for his plans for Scotland, Edward attacked Wales. Edward attacks Wales During the 1250s Edward's father, Henry III, had mounted military campaigns in an attempt to control and dominate Wales. After a series of disastrous defeats Henry was forced to negotiate a peace that saw the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffydd extend his territories into England. Henry also had to recognise the royal status of Llewelyn as Prince of Wales. Llywelyn in turn was to acknowledge Henry as his overlord. Edward had experienced these failed campaigns first hand as part of his father's retinue and was determined not to repeat the same mistakes. Using the pretence of Llywelyn's refusal to pay homage to him in 1274 Edward raised a sizeable army and invaded Wales. Llywelyn was defeated and stripped of his territories. In another uncanny foreshadowing of events to come in Scotland Edward's complete conquest of his neighbour was to be thrown into doubt by a courageous campaign for liberation. In 1282 Llywelyn's brother Dafydd sparked a rebellion to rid Wales of English dominance. With Edward caught off-guard the rising had initial success. The death of Llywelyn in battle turned the tide for Edward however. Soon after Dafydd was captured and executed. Without strong leadership the Welsh rising failed. To consolidate his stranglehold, Edward built a series of impressive castles across Wales (such as Caernarfon Castle) and in 1284 Edward issued the Statute of Rhuddlan that effectively annexed Wales and made it a province of England. The title Prince of Wales was handed to Edward's eldest son, Prince Edward (later Edward II) – a practise that continues to this day. Edward plots against Scotland In 1287 Alexander III, King of Scots, died suddenly after falling from his horse at Kinghorn. The succession crisis that followed presented Edward with a golden opportunity to


In which country is the 444 mile long, 'Susquahanna River'?

444 Club | Susquehanna Greenway February 2014 Story by Rick Hiduk, courtesy of EMHR. Few activities beat the serenity that a paddle on the Susquehanna River can provide. In just three months, the ice will have cleared from the 444-mile waterway that is part of the National Park System, and paddlers and fishers will once again set in for much-anticipated recreation. For paddlers who have traversed all or most of the North Branch and main stem of the river, a newly created 444 Club pin is great way to acknowledge a journey that is often years in the making. Avid paddlers of the Susquehanna River have long marked their progress at traversing the 444 miles of the North Branch that flows through Pennsylvania and covers smaller portions of New York and Maryland. Many have highlighted completed sections of the river on maps, kept notes on journals, or recorded their journeys with photos and video clips. The new 444 Club was initiated by the Endless Mountains Heritage Region (EMHR) Water Trails Committee to acknowledge those individual's efforts as they seek the elusive benchmark. Endless Mountain Outfitters (EMO) owner and EMHR board member David Buck credits lifetime recreationists like Cindy Dunn, Rick Shumaker, Scott Arnold, and inaugural 444 member Bill Gibson for suggesting the formation of the club, as well as Judy Lorincz of Mehoopany, who completed her 444 Club personal goal of paddling the entire river a few years ago. A number of people notched some of the 444 miles last year after paddling with EMO from Great Bend, PA through Binghamton, NY to the French Azilum Historic Site in Bradford County. Dunn is one of those who thinks that the formation of the 444 Club will provide an incentive to get new paddlers on the river and bring long-time recreationists back to the waterway. "This is a great idea that makes me want to paddle the whole 444 again," she remarked, noting that her first week-long sojourn on the Susquehanna began on the North Branch. "That is where I got totally hooked on the Susquehanna," Dunn related. For Dunn and many other like her, paddling the Susquehanna River is a spiritual experience. "Look up at the Wyalusing cliffs from my canoe, I half expected to see an American Indian," she stated, The portal to pre-European settlement makes her wonder "How many Indians gazed at the river from this vantage?" and "What did the landscape look like then?" Dunn's favorite stretch of the river is the Vosburg Neck in Wyoming County, with sharp cliffs on one side and verdant forest on the other. "I never fail to hear lots of bird song when I paddle through here," she related, adding that she has seen several Eagles in the Vosburg area. The winding river is almost addictive, Dunn explains. During her sojourn through the Endless Mountains, "the views were so enticing as I paddled down each reach." She had to know what was around the next bend. It is hoped that members who receive the pins will be able to provide guidance to recreationists following in their wake as each plans to tackle new stretches of the river, which meanders along the borderline of New York and Pennsylvania before running from the Endless Mountains through Pennsylvania to the Chesapeake Bay near Havre de Grace, MD. Susquehanna Greenway


Which racecourse opened in Essex in April 2008?

BBC - Essex - History - Galloping Galleywood You are in: Essex > History > Local History > Galloping Galleywood Steeplechase at Galleywood racecourse Galloping Galleywood Ted Hawkins As the new racecourse opens at Great Leighs we look back on the history of horse racing in Galleywood. The historic Galleywood Racecourse on Galleywood Common in the Borough of Chelmsford, Essex was the scene of the Chelmsford Races for at least 176 years from 1759 to 1935. It was one of the oldest racecourses in the country and probably dates back to the days of King Charles II (1660-1680). Racing at Galleywood was no easy task.  The hilly nature of the track was quite unequalled in England and the rise to the winning post was like a mountainside to the rider. The races were first published in The Chelmsford Chronicle in August 1764 soon after the newspaper was launched. Galleywood racecourse from the air It was a three day event.  Each day there were races for a plate of £50 each and these were for the best of three two-mile or four-mile heats. The horses for each days plate had to be entered for the race on the previous Saturday at the Black Boy Inn in Chelmsford. In 1770 the Chelmsford races received the stamp of Royal Approval when King George III announced that he was graciously pleased to give the sum of 100 guineas as prize money to be called the 'Queen’s Plate.' The breeding of English thoroughbred horses famous for their speed and endurance was responsible from 1776 onwards for the immense change to 'dash' races i.e. having one race over the course instead of the best of three heats. The Galleywood race meetings in the summer with public breakfasts, assemblies, concerts and balls were the great social occasions of the year. At the Black Boy Inn there would also be 'Ordinaries' i.e. set-priced meals at a fixed hour each day.  Special Balls were arranged each night for 'respectable farmers and tradesmen.' Race meetings at Galleywood had all the additional attractions of prize-fighting, dog-fights, rat-hunts and cock-fighting. There would also be dancing booths, sparring booths, booths where 'terrible melodramas' were performed, gambling booths and beer and food booths. The Galleywood sign features horses The popular games of chance, roulette and the three-card trick were played on the Common.  In 1767 there were 43 cock-fights on Galleywood Common.  Cock-fighting was declared illegal in 1849. The Grandstand was maliciously set on fire in 1779 and destroyed but it was soon rebuilt.  Before Grandstands were built the nobility would arrive at the side of the course in a succession of horse-drawn carriages which acted a Grandstand and a refreshment bar. During the Napoleonic Wars in 1803 a large star-shaped Fort with artillery batteries, redoubts and earthwork fortifications were built on the racecourse astride the Margaretting Road in response to an invasion threat by French forces on the Essex coast.  These defence works were decommissioned around 1815. The Essex Chronicle reported in 1821 'that the state of our racecourse was inferior to none' and boasted the presence of the most distinguished nobility. The 1860’s were the heyday of horse racing on the Common. A new grandstand was built near The Admiral Rous Inn which is now a private residence. Admiral Rous was the Senior Steward of the Jockey Club and so-called 'Dictator of the Turf' who frequently officiated at the Chelmsford Races. Thousands of racegoers flocked to the Galleywood race meetings.  The population was then only about 800.  In 1876 it was reported that the attendance at the races was not so numerous as of yore and they were being run at a loss.  In 1887 the Royal Plate was discontinued.  A decisive turnaround of the fortunes of the Galleywood Race Stand Company happened in 1892 when it was decided to hold Steeplechase and Hunt meetings under the Grand National Rules.  So flat racing gave way to steeplechasing. It was a right handed course, two miles round starting at the Grandstand, with nine hurdles and a water jump.  In 1893 the racecourse uniquely encircled (1) Gall


→ Welcome | LE BAR A HUITRES PARIS - OFFICIAL WEB SITE - - SEAFOOD AND FISH RESTAURANT PARIS 7 days a week, non-stop service across our 4 Parisian locations + 400 REFERENCES OF WINES FROM AROUND THE WORLD, carefully selected by our sommeliers Le Bar à Huîtres : Parisian seafood and fish restaurant Le Bar à Huîtres : Haute-Mer Restaurant Le Bar à Huîtres : Haute-Mer Restaurant In the world of « Haute-Couture », aspects of refinement and bespoke quality are also key elements of le Bar à Huîtres. Your seafood platter can be as unique as you desire, all of our products are available in individual quantities, ready to be stitched into a unique masterpiece. A truly bespoke culinary experience masterfully orchestrated by le Bar à Huîtres, restaurant de Haute-Mer. What’s on the menu will flirt with your taste buds: the largest selection of Grand Cru oysters in the capital, delicious lobsters, spiny lobsters, shellfish, crustaceans and wild fish, all prepared to perfection. A real pleasure. Our Haute-Mer restaurants present the entire menu selection on iPad through a simple application that also gives details pertaining to the transparency and traceability of all of our products. Our Restaurants


In mythology, which creatures had the heads of women and the bodies of birds?

Bestiary | Theoi Greek Mythology The fantastic creatures of Greek mythology and legend can be divided into eight broad categories : 1. MYTHICAL MONSTERS Awful humanoid creatures. These included monsters such as the Gorgons and Echidna. 2. MYTHICAL HYBRIDS Creatures which combine human and animal forms or various animals. These include creatures such as the Centaur (Horse-Man), Sphinx (Lion-Woman), Hippocamp (Fish-Horse), and Chimaera (Lion-Goat-Snake). 3. MYTHICAL ANIMALS Normal animals with some fantastic attribute. Examples include the winged horse Pegasus, the giant Erymanthian Boar, the fire-breathing Bulls of Colchis, and the inescapable hunting-dog Laelaps. 4. DRAGONS A breed of serpentine monsters, usually equipped with some magical power. They include creatures such as the Hydra, the Dragon of the Golden Fleece, Python, the Ethiopian Sea-Monster and the she-dragon Echidna. 5. GIANTS Gigantic men, often with fantastic features or abilities. A few examples are the hundred-handed Hecatoncheires, the one-eyed Cyclopes, the water-walking hunter Orion, the wrestler Antaeus, and the monstrous Typhon. 6. GHOSTS & DEMONS Creatures from the underworld which haunted the earth. They included the Empusae, Erinyes, Vampires and haunting ghosts of the dead. Fabulous tribes of men which were believed to inhabit the lands of Terra Incognita, the "Unknown Earth." Examples of these are the Pygmies, the one-legged Sciapods, dog-headed Cynocephali, headless Blemmyae, and one-eyed Arimaspians. BESTIARY MEDUSA Greek myth and legend is filled with a wide variety of monsters and creatures ranging from Dragons, Giants, Demons and Ghosts, to multiformed creatures such as the Sphinx, Minotaur, Centaurs, Manticores and Griffins. There were also many fabulous animals such as the Nemean Lion, golden-fleeced Ram and winged horse Pegasus, not to mention the creatures of legend such as the Phoenix, Unicorns (Monocerata). Even amongst the tribes of man, myth spoke of strange peoples inhabiting the far reaches of the earth such as the hopping Umbrella-Foots, the one-eyed Arimaspians, the Dog-Headed men, and the puny Pygmies. AMPHISBAENAE see Beasts, African AUTOMOTONS (Automotones) Creatures crafted out of metal and endowed with life by the smith-god Hephaestus. BULLS, BRONZE (Tauroi Khalkeoi) Four fire-breathing, bronze bulls which Hephaestus crafted for King Aeetes of Colchis. CELEDONES (Keledones) Golden singing maidens which Hephaistos crafted for the first temple of Apollo at Delphi. DOGS, GOLD & SILVER (Kuones Khryseos Argyreos) A pair of gold and silver dogs which Hephaestus crafted for King Alcinous of the Phaeacians. HORSES, CABEIRIAN (Hippoi Kabeirikoi) A pair of metallic, fire-breathing horses owned by the twin Cabiri gods. MAIDENS, GOLDEN (Kourai Khryseai) Four golden maidens which Hephaestus crafted as his own attendants. TALOS A bronze giant which Hephaestus crafted for Queen Europa of Crete to patrol the borders of her island. BASILISCS see Beasts, African BEASTS, AFRICAN (Theres Aithiopes) The semi-legendary land of Ethiopia (Sub-saharan Africa) was the home of many fabulous beasts. AMPHISBAENAE (Amphisbainai) Saharan snakes with two heads, one at each end of the body. BASILISCS (Basiliskoi) Deadly serpents which killed by touch. BULLS, ETHIOPIAN (Tauroi Aithiopikoi) Gigantic African bulls whose red hides were impervious to steel. CATOBLEPAS (Katoblepon) African hoofed animals whose downward looking head, when raised, could kill man with a gaze or with its noxious breath. DRAGONS, ETHIOPIAN (Drakones Aithiopikoi) Gigantic African serpents. LEUCROCOTAE (Leukrokota) An animals with a powerful jaw of bone in place of teeth, which could imitate human voices to lure it prey. PEGASI, ETHIOPIAN (Pegasoi Aithiopikoi) The winged horses of Ethiopia who had a single horn growing from their forehead. SATYRS, ISLAND (Satyroi Nesioi) Ape-like satyrs native to certain islands off the African coast. SATYRS, LIBYAN (Satyroi Libyes) Monkey-like satyrs who lived in the forest of Mount Atlas. SPHINXES, ETHIOPIAN (Sphinxes Aithiopikoi) Women-headed A


Which song was written by Arthur Sullivan in sorrow at the death of his brother?

Arthur Sullivan A Arthur Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer, of Irish and Italian descent, best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert, including such continually-popular works as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance, and The Mikado. Sullivan's artistic output included 23 operas, 13 major orchestral works, eight choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous hymns and other church pieces, songs, parlour ballads, part songs, carols, and piano and chamber pieces. Apart from his comic operas with Gilbert, Sullivan is best known for some of his hymns and parlour songs, including "Onward Christian Soldiers", "The Absent-Minded Beggar", and "The Lost Chord". His most critically-praised pieces include his Irish Symphony, his Overture di Ballo, The Martyr of Antioch, The Golden Legend, and, of the Savoy Operas, The Yeomen of the Guard. Sullivan's only grand opera , Ivanhoe, was initially highly successful, but it has been little heard since his death. Life and career Beginnings Sullivan was born in Lambeth, London. His father, Thomas Sullivan (1805–1866), was a military bandmaster and music teacher born in Ireland, who was educated in Chelsea, London and was based for some years at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Here Arthur became proficient with all the instruments in the band by the age of eight. His mother Mary Clementina (née Coghlan, 1811–1882) was English, of Irish and Italian descent. While studying at a private school in Bayswater, Sullivan convinced his parents and the headmaster, William Gordon Plees, to allow him to try out for the choir of the Chapel Royal. Despite concerns about Sullivan's age, which would limit how long he could serve before his voice began to change, he was accepted and soon became a soloist. Sullivan flourished under the training of Reverend Thomas Helmore, the master of the choristers, and began to compose anthems and songs. Helmore arranged for one of these, "O Israel", to be published by Novello in 1855 – Sullivan's first published work. Helmore also enlisted Sullivan's assistance in creating harmonisations for a volume of The Hymnal Noted. In 1856, the Royal Academy of Music awarded the first Mendelssohn Scholarship to the fourteen-year-old Sullivan, granting him a year's training at the academy. This was extended to a second year at the academy, and in 1858 the scholarship committee, in an "extraordinary gesture of confidence", extended it for a third year so that he could study in Leipzig, Germany, at the Leipzig Conservatoire. While there, Sullivan was trained in Mendelssohn's ideas and techniques but was also exposed to a variety of new musical styles, including Schubert , Verdi, Bach and Wagner. Visiting a Jewish synagogue, he was so struck by some of the cadences and progressions of the music that thirty years later he would still remember it vividly enough to use them in his grand opera, Ivanhoe. He also developed various acquaintances and friendships at Leipzig, such as Carl Rosa, who was later to create the Carl Rosa Opera Company; violinist Joseph Joachim , and composer Franz Liszt . For his last year at the Conservatoire, money was scraped together by his father, and the Conservatoire assisted by waiving its fees. Sullivan credited his Leipzig period with tremendous musical growth. His graduation piece, completed in 1861, was a set of incidental music to Shakespeare's The Tempest. Revised and expanded, it was performed at the Crystal Palace in 1862, a year after his return to London, and was an immediate sensation. He began building a reputation as England's most promising young composer. Sullivan's early major works were those typically expected of a serious composer. In 1866, he premiered the Irish Symphony (though he may have completed it by 1863) and the Concerto for Cello and Orchestra, his only works in each genre. In the same year, his Overture in C (In Memoriam), written in grief shortly after the death of his


Which Liverpool group was named after a John Wayne film?

JOHN MCNALLY - THE QUIET SEARCHER interviewed in 2000 by Ray Norris HOME JOHN MCNALLY - THE QUIET SEARCHER interviewed by Ray Norris The hair that was once a reddish blond may now be a steely grey but there`s a full head of the stuff and the tight, wiry frame has barely acquired a pound or two over nearly four decades. You`d find more fat on a butcher`s apron. "I try to watch what I eat and I play five-a-side football ever Monday and Thursday when work allows it. It keeps the muscles in trim and gives me a chance to catch up with all the gossip from my old mates like Billy Kinsley and other musicians from Liverpool. It`s too easy to just indulge yourself while touring. Drink. Bad food. Lack of exercise. What you have to remember is that your health is important. And you also have to parade yourself on stage and you owe it to the people out front to look presentable." As John talks it is quite apparent that this is someone who is not entirely at ease in the spotlight, preferring to take a back seat until the situation demands otherwise. A face that is quick to break into a boyish smile in the company of friends tenses up a tad when faced with the attention of the media. The eyes narrow almost imperceptibly. He has had a lifetime of such confrontation being an original in one of the most influential groups to emerge from the era known as Merseybeat and he is guarded when he speaks. He is well aware that the seemingly friendly interviewer often holds a lethal sword cleverly disguised as an innocent pen. But 'original' is a moot point with McNally. To some it can signify any member who has appeared on one of their many hits. To others it is the four musicians who hit the charts with Sweets For My Sweet in the summer of `63. But he is at pains to point out that you can, if you wish, find a starting point much further back this. "We really started out as a skiffle group way back in about 1959. We were all trying to learn guitar which had become popular through people like Lonnie Donegan and Elvis and then of course British pop stars like Tommy Steele. I had started to play on an old American instrument my brother, who was in the Merchant Navy, brought back from the States. I think I was fourteen and it was an old arch top jazz guitar called a Broadway. At that time it was me and a couple of mates, Brian Dolan and Tony West. Tony played bass. He had just come out of the army being a bit older than us. Eventually they both decided they didn't really want to spend too much time in a group and they left. Mike Pender lived in the same road as me at that time and he played a bit so we started playing together. It was just about that time that Tony Jackson came in. He was playing in a pub nearby and he not only had a bass guitar that he made himself but he had an amp as well, so he was in. In those days if you had an amp you could get in any group you wanted. Tony West is now a theatrical agent. We had a drummer called Joe Kelly who was replaced by Norman McGarry but then but he left and that`s when we got Chris Curtis in the band. Mike had actually known him when they were at primary school together but they had lost touch for a while. We became a five piece when Johnny Sandon joined as lead singer. His mother had worked at a bakery with my mum and she suggested we became his backing group. He had a brilliant, deep country and western voice. A bit like Jack Scott. He was Billy Beck in those days, his real name. The Sandon part came from a pub of that name near Liverpool`s football ground. Someone thought Johnny Sandon and The Searchers sounded good and that`s how it stayed." How come The Searchers? The fact that it was lifted directly from the title of the classic John Ford film and starring John Wayne is well documented. But perhaps fewer people know that the suggestion came from a short-term singer with the group in those pre-Sandon days who went by the illustrious name of Big Ron. Big Ron`s surname is lost in the mists of memory and time and he was last encountered in Glasgow in the l


How did Joseph Stalin die | History of Russia How did Joseph Stalin die Soviet Russia | 0 | When you consider the controversial life of the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, it’s perhaps no surprise that his death itself is shrouded in myth and mystery. Was Stalin murdered, or did he die of natural causes? There is evidence to suggest both and while historians lean towards the explanation that foul play was involved and that Stalin was killed, we may never really know for sure. What do we know about Stalin’s death? While cold hard facts may be a little scarce, we do know that Stalin died on the 5th of March 1953 after a few agonising days spent on his deathbed. He was believed to have suffered a stroke on the 1st of March before finally succumbing to a brain haemorrhage five days later. In the United Kingdom, the BBC reported on the 5th of March that Stalin was close to death and then the news of his demise was confirmed the very next day. Russian History - Books we Recommend 1. As the dictator had suffered from ill health for several years, the whole scenario seemed completely plausible but the alternative theories were quick to materialise and slow to go away. Was Stalin Poisoned? Back in 1953, it would have been much easier to carry out a poisoning and get away with it. Forensic methods were much less advanced and in the case of Stalin, there was no shortage of willing accomplices to help in a cover up and the dictator’s ill health gave a perfect explanation for his death. One of the strongest assassination theories involves the use of rat poison in a possible murder scenario. New Evidence? In 2003, a book was published entitled ‘Stalin’s last crime’ and inside, it makes reference to secret doctors’ reports, never before made public that suggested he was poisoned with the blood thinner and rat killer warfarin. At the time, there were fears that the Soviet Union was on the brink of war with the United States and inside the Kremlin, Stalin’s officials were starting to believe that their leader was taking them headlong into a catastrophic conflict. This was only eight years after the country’s heavy losses in World War II and the book infers that Stalin had to be stopped at any cost. The fateful night In a final dinner, Stalin found himself in the company of four members of his Politburo and it was here that the alleged act of poisoning took place. The medical report indicated that there was extensive stomach bleeding which would have been consistent with an overdose of warfarin and this forms part of the basis of the book’s claims. Delayed Treatment Stalin’s guards were slow to react to his initial stroke and to add to the problems, some of the best doctors in the country were imprisoned due to one of the dictators own purges. The delays would have inevitably contributed to his death although it is doubtful as to whether swift action would have saved him. What is certain however is that the delayed treatment merely added to the myth and controversy surrounding the mysterious death of Joseph Stalin. Share:


Which ship rescued most of the survivors of the 'Titanic'?

Titanic rescue ships | The Chronicle Herald   Rescuecarp1 (1 of 16) The SS Carpathia with two Titanic lifeboats on its bow. The Carpathia was the only ship close enough to the Titanic at the time of its sinking to recover any survivors. In total, the SS Carpathia rescued 705 passengers and crew of the Titanic, taking them directly to New York, the original destination of Titanic. Used as a troop transport vessel during the First World War, in July 1918, the SS Carpathia was torpedoed by a German submarine and was sunk off the coast of Ireland. In 2000, it was announced that the wreckage of the SS Carpathia had been discovered. (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) The SS Carpathia with two Titanic lifeboats on its bow. The Carpathia was the only ship close enough to the Titanic at the time of its sinking to recover any survivors. In total, the SS Carpathia rescued 705 passengers and crew of the Titanic, taking them directly to New York, the original destination of Titanic. Used as a troop transport vessel during the First World War, in July 1918, the SS Carpathia was torpedoed by a German submarine and was sunk off the coast of Ireland. In 2000, it was announced that the wreckage of the SS Carpathia had been discovered.  (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) Rescuecarp2 (2 of 16) Survivors of the Titanic approach the Carpathia in this April 15, 1912 photo. (The New York Times) Survivors of the Titanic approach the Carpathia in this April 15, 1912 photo.  (The New York Times)  Rescuecarp3 (3 of 16) This photo of Titanic survivors aboard the SS Carpathia was originally published in Halifax’s Evening Mail newspaper on April 26, 1912. The original cutline read: Photograph by Miss Bernice Palmer. A passenger aboard the Carpathia. – 'The woman on the right,' says Miss Palmer, 'Is a survivor of the Titanic, telling the story of her terrible experience to Carpathia passengers. All the way from the ice field to New York scenes like the above were frequent on our ship.' (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) This photo of Titanic survivors aboard the SS Carpathia was originally published in Halifax’s Evening Mail newspaper on April 26, 1912. The original cutline read: Photograph by Miss Bernice Palmer. A passenger aboard the Carpathia. – 'The woman on the right,' says Miss Palmer, 'Is a survivor of the Titanic, telling the story of her terrible experience to Carpathia passengers. All the way from the ice field to New York scenes like the above were frequent on our ship.' (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) Rescuecarp4 (4 of 16) A scene from aboard the SS Carpathia in the aftermath of the Titanic sinking. This photo shows some of the 705 rescued Titanic crew and passengers as they are transported to New York in April 1912. (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) A scene from aboard the SS Carpathia in the aftermath of the Titanic sinking. This photo shows some of the 705 rescued Titanic crew and passengers as they are transported to New York in April 1912. (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) Rescuecarp5 (5 of 16) Mrs. J.J. 'Molly' Brown presents a trophy cup award on May 29, 1912, to Capt. Arthur Henry Rostron, captain of the SS Carpathia, for his service in the rescue of Titanic. (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) Mrs. J.J. 'Molly' Brown presents a trophy cup award on May 29, 1912, to Capt. Arthur Henry Rostron, captain of the SS Carpathia, for his service in the rescue of Titanic. (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) Rescuecarp6 (6 of 16) The officers of the SS Carpathia after the May 1912 award ceremony in which Capt. Arthur Henry Rostron was honoured for the SS Carpathia's efforts in the rescue of the RMS Titanic. (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) The officers of the SS Carpathia after the May 1912 award ceremony in which Capt. Arthur Henry Rostron was honoured for the SS Carpathia's efforts in the rescue of the RMS Titanic.  (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS) MacKay1 (7 of 16) The CS MacKay-Bennett was contracted by the White Star Line in the aftermath of the Titanic’s sinking to recover the bodies of the dead. Labelled by Halifax newspapers as the 'Death Ship', the MacKay-Bennett recovered 306 bodies from the icy waters of the Atlantic. The MacKay-Bennett, at 270 feet


Which is the largest rodent in the world?

Video: Meet Gary, the world's largest pet rodent - Telegraph Weird News Video Meet Gary, the world's largest pet rodent A couple in America have adopted a giant rodent the size of a labrador, and  even allow it to sleep in their bed. 4:15PM BST 21 Jun 2013 Melanie Typaldos, 57, shares her home in Texas with her pet Gary - the world's largest rodent. The computer programmer and her husband, Richard Loveman, 54, even let the giant guinea pig - known as a capybara - sleep in their bed. The couple fell in love with the South American mammals during a holiday to Venezuela , and adopted Gary from an owner who could no longer care for him. The capybara has become part of the family and enjoys nothing more than swimming with his owners in the swimming pool, which was built to remind the pet of his natural habitat. Melanie says: "Although some people might find it strange, it’s really no different than having a dog or a cat . Related Content


In which part of southern Afghanistan are most of the British troops deployed?

U.S. Troops To Take Over From British In Southern Afghanistan U.S. Troops To Take Over From British In Southern Afghanistan March 11, 2010 British soldiers take up positions during a major offensive in Helmand Province. Share Email to a Friend Print LONDON (Reuters) - U.S. soldiers will take over security from British troops in the Musa Qala area of southern Afghanistan as Washington builds up its force as part of a new counterinsurgency strategy, Britain said today. The British government said the move was a first step in a "rebalancing" of forces in the southern province of Helmand to ensure NATO forces are fully effective in countering Taliban insurgents and protecting civilians. Helmand is the scene of some of the fiercest fighting between U.S. and NATO forces and a resurgent Taliban. About 500 British troops based in the Musa Qala district, in the northeast of the province, will move in the coming weeks to central Helmand, the most heavily populated part of the province where most British troops are already based. There will be no change to Britain's overall force of around 9,500 troops in Afghanistan. Twenty-three British troops have been killed in Musa Qala since British forces first deployed there in 2006. Control of the town of Musa Qala has passed back and forth between British forces and the Taliban in recent years. U.S. President Barack Obama is sending 30,000 more troops to Afghanistan to seize insurgent-held areas before a planned 2011 troop drawdown. The new strategy, designed by U.S. and NATO commander General Stanley McChrystal, puts greater emphasis on securing Afghan population centers and on training Afghan security forces so that they can gradually assume control. The arrival of U.S. reinforcements "allows us to rebalance all our forces to achieve much improved force densities in central Helmand delivering better protection of the Afghan people," Major General Nick Carter, the British commander of NATO forces in southern Afghanistan, said in a statement. The improving situation in Musa Qala and nearby Now Zad had also made the move possible, he said. Further changes in how the forces are deployed were likely "in due course," the government said. Mainly due to the U.S. surge, troop numbers in Helmand have risen from around 7,700 to more than 20,000 over the last year. Britain's opposition Conservatives, favorites to win an election due within weeks, have said British troops in Helmand could be stretched too thin to conduct a successful counterinsurgency strategy. British, U.S., Afghan and other troops last month launched a major offensive in the Marjah area of Helmand -- the biggest since U.S.-backed Afghan forces toppled the Taliban in 2001. The hotspot for British forces in Helmand in recent weeks has been the Sangin area in the east of the province, where six British soldiers were killed in the first week of March, bringing their total losses to 272 since 2001. Related