Benthic Zone - MicrobeWiki Benthic Zone This student page has not been curated. Contents 6 References Introduction The benthic zone is the lowest level of a marine or freshwater system and includes the sediment surface, the water just above it, and some sub-surface layers. Benthic zones exist all over the world in every appreciable water system, be it an ocean, lake, pond, river, or stream. The benthic zone starts at the shore and extends down along the bottom of the lake or ocean. This means that it could be as shallow as a few inches at its start, but may reach depths of 6,000 meters as it coincides with the abyssal plain at the bottom of the ocean. Because of the depths it can reach, the benthic zone is often characterized by low sunlight and low temperatures (Alldredge 1988). This usually attributes to little life and biodiversity, so one would be inclined to assume that it is a vast waste. However, the presence of sediment layers at the benthic zone provides many nutrients and adds greatly to species richness. Because the benthic zone has such a range of depths, many kinds of organisms may live there. Crustaceans, sponges, bivalves, snails, sea stars, polychaetes, fish, and many others can inhabit the zone (Konhauser 2007). This page will focus more on deep oceanic benthic zones, but will touch on other zones as well. Benthic zone of the sea floor. Diagram showing the different zones of an ocean. Note the wide range of the benthic zone. Although specific for an ocean, this is how the benthic zone is characterized across all water systems. Physical environment Physical Characteristics Because the benthic zone can occur in such a wide range of environments, physical and chemical characteristics vary largely and are almost always context dependent. Nutrients are not available in the way they are in much higher depths in the water column, so organisms in the benthic zone are nutrient limited. Temperature Temperature in the benthic zone ranges from warmer temperatures at shallow depths because of close proximity to the water surface, but may drop to 2 °C to 3 °C at the most extreme depths of the abyssal zone. At such cold temperatures, abundance of life is quite low and organisms move at a very slow pace. Warmer waters at shallower depths provide much more energy and can host more complex systems (Alldredge 1988). Chemical Environment The nutrients at the sediment layer are usually the limiting source of energy for the organisms that inhabit the benthic zone at great depths. These nutrients actually originate from dead or decaying organic matter from higher up in the water column. This organic matter drifts down continuously from shallower depths and settles on the bottom, where it is consumed and is the main driver of the benthic zone food chain (Gooday et al. 1990). Most areas do not have sufficient heat or sunlight to sustain much life, so organic matter is very important to the chemical environment. Pressure Pressure ranges from very little in a few inches of water to tremendously great at the bottom of the ocean. For an extreme example, the deepest spot in the Mariana Trench (the deepest trench in the ocean) is around 36,000 feet below sea level and experiences pressures that are more than 1000 times greater than standard surface pressure ("Deepsea Challenge"). High pressure in zones of great depth make for a very homogenous environment that produces a number of peculiar traits among organisms. One such peculiarity is the enhanced size of certain organisms. At great depths in arctic and antarctic waters, dissolved oxygen content is quite high. This allows organisms to grow much larger when compared to close relatives in temperate zones (De Broyer and Danis 2005). Light Availability In water, light becomes very limited in its significance at depths below about 200 meters. Between 200 and 1000 meters, the intensity of light quickly dissipates. This zone is termed the dysphotic zone and photosynthesis is no longer possible. At 1000 meters, the aphotic zone starts and light availability becomes negligible (NOAA). Microb


Which type of thermometer is used for measuring very high temperatures?

Measuring Temperature Return to Table of Contents         A thermocouple is a junction formed from two dissimilar metals.  Actually, it is a pair of junctions.  One at a reference temperature (like 0 oC) and the other junction at the temperature to be measured.  A temperature difference will cause a voltage to be developed that is temperature dependent.  (That voltage is caused by something called the Seebeck effect.)  Thermocouples are widely used for temperature measurement because they are inexpensive, rugged and reliable, and they can be used over a wide temperature range.  In particular, other temperature sensors (like thermistors and LM35 sensors) are useful around room temperature, but the thermocouple can The Thermocouple They are rugged and reliable. They can be used over a wide temperature range. What Does A Thermocouple Look Like? Here it is.  Note the two wires (of two different metals) joined in the junction. What does a thermocouple do?  How does it work? The junction of two dissimilar metals produces a temperature dependent voltage. For a better description of how it works, click here . How Do You Use A Thermocouple? You measure the voltage the thermocouple produces, and convert that voltage to a temperature reading. It may be best to do the conversion digitally because the conversion can be fairly nonlinear. Things You Need To Know About Thermocouples A junction between two dissimilar metals produces a voltage. In the thermocouple, the sensing junction - produces a voltage that depends upon temperature. Where the thermocouple connects to instrumentation - copper wires? - you have two more junctions and they also produce a temperature dependent voltage.  Those junctions are shown inside the yellow oval. When you use a thermocouple, you need to ensure that the connections are at some standard temperature, or you need to use an electronically compensated system that takes those voltages into account.  If your thermocouple is connected to a data acquisition system, then chances are good that you have an electronically compensated system. Once we obtain a reading from a voltmeter, the measured voltage has to be converted to temperature.  The temperature is usually expressed as a polynomial function of the measured voltage.  Sometimes it is possible to get a decent linear approximation over a limited temperature range. There are two ways to convert the measured voltage to a temperature reading. Measure the voltage and let the operator do the calculations. Use the measured voltage as an input to a conversion circuit - either analog or digital.     Let us look at some other types of base-metal thermocouples.  Type T thermocouples are widely used as are type K and Type N. Type K (Ni-Cr/Ni-Al) thermocouples are also widely used in the industry. It has high thermopower and good resistance to oxidation. The operating temperature range of a Type K thermocouple is from -269 oC to +1260 oC. However, this thermocouple performs rather poorly in reducing atmospheres. Type T (Cu/Cu-Ni) thermocouples can be used in oxidizing of inert atmospheres over the temperature range of -250 oC to +850 oC. In reducing or mildly oxidizing environments, it is possible to use the thermocouple up to nearly +1000 oC. Type N (Nicrosil/Nisil) thermocouples are designed to be used in industrial environments of temperatures up to +1200 oC.         A polynomial equation used to convert thermocouple voltage to temperature (oC) over a wide range of temperatures.  We can write the polynomial as: The coefficients,  an are tabulated in many places.  Here are  the NBS polynomial coefficients for a type K thermocouple.  (Source: T. J. Quinn, Temperature , Academic Press Inc.,1990)   -6.33708x1013 What If The Surrounding Temperature Exceeds Limits?         There are really no thermocouples that can withstand oxidizing atmospheres for temperatures above the upper limit of the platinum-rhodium type thermocouples. We cannot, therefore, measure temperature in such high temperature conditions.         Other options for measuring extremely high temperatures ar


Which Elgar piece is dedicated ‘ to my friends pictured within’?

Elgar - His Music : Enigma Variations ELGAR - HIS MUSIC VARIATIONS ON AN ORIGINAL THEME (Enigma), op 36 . A theme (Introduction) and fourteen variations for full orchestra. Approximate Length : Dedicated to : "To my friends pictured within" The story is told of how Elgar, returning home from giving violin lessons, sat down at the piano and, to unwind, began improvising. Alice commented favourably on the tune that emerged and Elgar responded by suggesting how certain of their friends might play it. Out of that spontaneous exchange grew the idea of the Enigma Variations, the work that finally secured Elgar's reputation as a composer of national, even international, standing. It remains one of the most popular works in the classical repertoire. In all , fourteen people and a dog are featured in the variations: Thirteenth Variation - ***: probably Lady Mary Lygon, a local noblewoman who sailed for Australia at about the time Elgar wrote the variation, which quotes from Mendelssohn's Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage. The use of asterisks rather than initials has however invited speculation that they conceal the identity of Helen Weaver, Elgar's fiancée for eighteen months in 1883/84 before she emigrated to New Zealand; Fourteenth Variation - E.D.U.: Elgar himself, Edoo being Alice's pet name for him. There are two enigmas underlying the variations. The first and more readily solved is the identity of each of the 'friends pictured within'. Only the thirteenth variation has given rise to speculation that Elgar's use of asterisks rather than initials or a pet name may hide the true identity of the subject, possibly an old flame of Elgar's who had recently emigrated from Britain. But Elgar himself hinted at, and encouraged speculation over, a second, musical enigma, a popular tune which does not itself appear in the variations but of which the theme is the counterpoint. It is of course possible that this was one of Elgar's 'japes' and that the tune does not exist. If so, it has become a spectacularly successful jape, taken to great lengths and sparking a feverish debate that continues unabated. Auld Lang Syne is the most frequently touted candidate but excerpts from a range of works by composers Elgar admired, notably Mozart, have been found to show strong musical similarities with the theme while a 1975 correspondent to the Elgar Society Journal put together a convincing argument in favour of Rule Britannia as the solution. The speculation is intriguing but the mystery can never be satisfactorily solved, for Elgar revealed the identity of the tune to no-one and took the answer to the grave with him. Musically, the variations need no introduction. Apart from the first Pomp and Circumstance March which, through Land of Hope and Glory, has attained fame as much outside the concert hall as within it, the variations remain the most widely performed of all Elgar's works while the ninth variation - Nimrod - is arguably the most moving and best loved excerpt in the whole of the classical repertoire. Those wishing to learn more about the composition of the Variations and the "friends pictured within" may wish to consult Elgar Society member Patrick Turner's recent authoritative book on the subject. Return to :


Who did Squeaky Fromme try to assassinate?

‘Squeaky’ Fromme released from prison - US news - Crime & courts | NBC News ‘Squeaky’ Fromme released from prison Manson follower spent decades in prison for trying to shoot President Ford Below: x + - FORT WORTH, Texas  — Three decades after basking in the national spotlight as "Squeaky" the infamous Charles Manson disciple who tried to assassinate President Gerald Ford, the now 60-year-old woman slipped quietly out of a federal prison Friday after being released on parole. Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme eluded the media as she left Fort Worth's Federal Medical Center Carswell in one of the many cars streaming in and out of the front gate Friday morning. She previously refused interview requests, and prison officials would not say where she planned to live or what she planned to do after more than 30 years behind bars. It was a far cry from her antics that captivated the nation's attention in the 1970s: shaving her red hair and carving an "X" into her forehead after Manson was convicted of orchestrating a mass murder, wearing a red robe when she pulled a gun on Ford, and being carried into her trial courtroom by marshals when she refused to walk. In September 1975, Fromme pushed through a crowd, drew a semiautomatic .45-caliber pistol from a thigh holster and pointed it at Ford, who was shaking hands with well-wishers while walking to the California State Capitol in Sacramento. Secret Service agents grabbed her and the gun, and Ford was unhurt. Fromme was a college student before joining Manson's "family," where she reportedly got her nickname because of her voice. She was never implicated in the 1969 murders of actress Sharon Tate and eight others, for which Manson is serving a life term in Corcoran State Prison in California. By many accounts, Fromme took over the group after that because Manson had always relied on her. During her own trial, Fromme either refused to attend or had outbursts. Her attorney John Virga argued that she simply wanted to call attention to environmental issues and Manson's case and never meant to kill Ford. A few bullets were in the gun but not in the chamber. "She was very articulate and soft-spoken ... but you could see a noticeable change in her demeanor when you mentioned Manson," Virga told The Associated Press on Friday. "I think she was an example of a young woman who was led astray and got caught up in someone she shouldn't have." Advertise Video: Will You Kill for Me? Manson and followers Fromme was convicted and got a life term, becoming the first person sentenced under a special federal law covering assaults on U.S. presidents, a statute enacted after President John F. Kennedy's 1963 assassination. She later was sentenced to 15 years in prison, which was tacked onto her life term for threats against the president, after escaping in 1987 from a women's prison in West Virginia. She was recaptured two days later a few miles away after a massive search. Fromme had said she escaped to be closer to Manson after hearing rumors that he was dying. Fromme was granted parole in July 2008 for "good conduct time" but was not released until Friday because of the additional time for her escape, prison officials said. She will be on supervised release for two years, where general conditions include reporting regularly to a parole officer, not associating with criminals or owning guns or leaving the area, said Tom Hutchison, a U.S. Parole Commission spokesman. He declined to say where Fromme will live or if she will have to meet additional conditions sometimes imposed on parolees, depending on their crimes. Future unknown It's unclear if Fromme will return to California. Some of her relatives who still live there did not immediately return calls to The AP on Friday. Virga, who has not communicated with Fromme since the trial, said relatives did not attend the trial but that Fromme always spoke highly of her mother and siblings. Fromme had been at the Fort Worth prison since 1998. The facility specializes in providing medical and mental health services to female offenders and also has a maximum-security


Who wrote The Quare Fellow and Borstal Boy?

Brendan Behan - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays Brendan Behan Author Born In Ireland#31 About Talented Irish poet and playwright who died of alcoholism. He wrote The Quare Fellow, The Hostage, and Borstal Boy.


Which king died in 1760 and was succeeded by his grandson?

King George II | Britroyals Born: October 30, 1683 at Herrenhausen, Hanover Parents: George I and Sophia Dorothea Relation to Elizabeth II: 5th great-grandfather House of: Hanover Ascended to the throne: June 11, 1727 aged 43 years Crowned: October 11, 1727 at Westminster Abbey Married: Caroline, daughter of Margrave of Brandenburg Children: Four sons and five daughters Died: October 25, 1760 at Kensington Palace, aged 76 years, 11 months, and 25 days Buried at: Westminster Reigned for: 33 years, 4 months, and 15 days Succeeded by: his grandson George III George II was born in Hanover the son of George I and Sophia of Celle. He married Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1705 an attractive and intelligent women, and they had 9 children. In 1708 he took part in the Battle of Oudenarde in Belgium against the French. His father became King George I of England in 1714 and he became Prince of Wales. However his father�s treatment of his mother whom he had imprisoned left son George with a hatred of his father and they regularly quarrelled. He was even put under arrest by his father who excluded him from public ceremonies. When his father died in 1727 he became King George II and set about changing his father�s policies. Walpole was expected to be dismissed but survived on the intervention of Queen Caroline. The death of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in 1740 led to the European War of Austrian Succession in which the British and Dutch supported Marie Theresa�s claim to the Austrian throne against the Prussians and French. George II personally led his troops at the Battle of Dettingen in 1743, becoming the last British monarch to lead his troops into battle. The Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, in which Charles Edward Stuart (�Bonnie Prince Charlie�) landed in Scotland and marched with a Highland army into England, was defeated at Culloden in 1746 and Scottish opposition brutally suppressed by George�s second son Prince William, Duke of Cumberland. Like his father he quarrelled with his eldest son Frederick, Prince of Wales, over his marriage but Frederick died suddenly in 1751. The final years of his reign saw George retiring from active politics; however it was a period in which British dominance overseas grew. William Pitt became Prime Minister during the Seven years war against France which spread to India and North America. Robert Clive secured the Indian continent for Britain at the Battle of Plassey, and General Wolfe captured Quebec in Canada. George II died in 1760 of an aneurysm while seated on his water closet. He was succeeded by his grandson also called George. King George II's Signature Quotes: �No I shall have mistresses� � King George II (to his wife Caroline on her death bed when she suggested that he remarry) �Mad, is he? Then I hope he will bite some of my other generals� � King George II (about General Wolfe) �I hate all Boets and Bainters� � King George II on the arts (he spoke with a strong German accent). He did however have a soft spot for music particularly George Frederick Handel who wrote Zadok the Priest for his coronation and Music for Royal Fireworks to celebrate the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Timeline for King George II Year


Pulp - Sorted out for E's and Whizz - YouTube Pulp - Sorted out for E's and Whizz Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jan 4, 2008 Sorted out for E's and Whizz, taken from the album Pulp - A Different Class Category


Which great historical warrior had a dog called Peritas?

Ten dogs that changed the world - CNN.com Ten dogs that changed the world Story Highlights Several dogs have earned a spot in history A Soviet dog named Laika rode into space history A dog stood between Alexander the Great and a charging elephant One puppy got final approval on a composer's music VIDEO By E. Bougerol (LifeWire) -- Fifty years ago this Saturday, Laika -- a sweet-tempered stray plucked off the streets of Moscow -- was thrust into the global spotlight when she became the first living creature sent into space. A Newfoundland, like this champion named Josh, saved the life of Napoleon Bonaparte. When Sputnik 2's canine passenger (nicknamed "Muttnik" by the media) hit orbit, the Soviet Union grabbed the edge over the U.S. in the space race, a crux of competition during the Cold War. Sadly, Laika's history-making voyage ended prematurely: In their rush to be first, Soviet scientists had made no provisions for her safe return. "She died before reaching orbit, and before any real data was gleaned about sustaining life in that environment," says Dr. Stanley Coren, professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia and author of "The Pawprints of History: Dogs and the Course of Human Events." But if little scientific knowledge was gleaned from Laika's journey, her mark on world events is undeniable. "We were behind the Russians," says Coren. "The U.S. quickly switched focus to putting a living being on the moon." Laika is just one of the many canines to have left a furry legacy behind. Coren names 10 other dogs and the roles they played in history. Nos. 1 and 2. Strelka and Belka's successful orbit Laika was the first dog sent into space, but Strelka (Little Arrow) and Belka (Squirrel) -- launched on Sputnik 5 in 1960 for a one-day mission -- were the first to return alive. As a result, much more was learned from their mission. Strelka later gave birth to a litter of puppies, one of which, Pushinka, was given to President John F. Kennedy's daughter, Caroline. No. 3. How Peritas saved civilization Don't Miss Mental Floss:   Five famous felines Without his dog, Peritas, Alexander the Great might have been Alexander the So-So. When the warrior was swarmed by the troops of Persia's Darius III, Peritas leapt and bit the lip of an elephant charging his master. Alexander lived to pursue his famed conquest, forging the empire underlying Western civilization as we know it. No. 4. Charlie, Kennedy's Cuban Missile Crisis companion At the height of 1962's Cuban missile crisis, President Kennedy had his son's Welsh terrier Charlie summoned to the chaotic War Room. The president held the terrier in his lap, petting him and appearing, by all accounts, to relax. Eventually he announced that he was ready to "make some decisions" -- those that de-escalated the conflict. No. 5. Jofi, the first therapy dog Sigmund Freud usually kept a chow named Jofi in his office during psychotherapy sessions, believing the dog comforted the patients. Freud's notes on these interactions, detailed in his diaries, form the basis of modern-day pet-assisted therapy. Dog returned to fire victims » No. 6. Urian bites Pope, separates church and state Henry VIII sent Cardinal Wolsey to meet with Pope Clement VII, hoping the pontiff would grant the ruler an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. When the pope extended his bare toe to be kissed (as was the custom) by Wolsey, the Cardinal's dog, Urian, sprang forward and bit the pope. Clement flew into a rage, the divorce was off and Henry -- to ensure the annulment the Catholic Church refused to grant -- later established the Church of England. No. 7. Newfoundland saves Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte owed his life to a nameless Newfoundland. As Bonaparte fled the island of Elba in 1815, where he was exiled, choppy seas pitched him overboard. A fisherman's dog jumped in after the drowning despot and kept him afloat. Napoleon lived to experience his own defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. No. 8. Nixon professes love for Checkers In his 1952 "Checkers speech," Richard Nixon -- then a candidate


What is the name of the dog in Jerome K Jerome’s novel Three Men In A Boat?

Jerome’s character from the reading of the novel “Three Men in Boat” | Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog) Questions | Q & A | GradeSaver Answered by jill d #170087 on 8/26/2015 5:37 PM J. The narrator of the novel, most likely based on Jerome himself. J. has a dog named Montmorency, and two friends, George and Harris. He sees himself as intelligent, hard-working, and competent, but his behavior in the novel suggests otherwise. Like his friends, J. is a hypochondriac. Source(s) Log In To Your GradeSaver Account Email


Which country is currently suspended from The Commonwealth?

BBC News - Fiji suspended from Commonwealth Fiji suspended from Commonwealth Advertisement Secretary General Kamalesh Sharma cited Fiji's lack of progress towards democracy as the reason behind the suspension The Commonwealth has fully suspended Fiji after it refused to bow to demands to call elections by next year. Secretary General Kamalesh Sharma cited the Pacific island country's lack of progress towards democracy. Mr Sharma said he was taking the step - only the second full suspension in the organisation's history - "in sorrow". Commodore Frank Bainimarama seized power in Fiji in a 2006 coup and has said elections can only be reinstated in 2014, as part of his "roadmap". He says he needs time to institute reforms that will end the ethnic-based voting system tipped in favour of ethnic Fijians. But his critics charge that under his rule, Fiji has suspended the constitution, detained opponents and suppressed freedom of speech. 'True democracy' In a statement, the Commonwealth said it had demanded that Fiji commit, by 1 September, to rejoining negotiations with the opposition and to holding credible elections by October 2010. ANALYSIS Bridget Kendall, BBC News diplomatic correspondent This is not the first time Fiji has been in trouble with the Commonwealth. It has twice faced the lesser sanction of being suspended from its meetings - after earlier uprisings in Fiji that also led to the suspension of democracy. But this sanction goes a step further. In practical terms it means Fiji cannot attend any Commonwealth meetings, including taking part in the Commonwealth Games in 2010, or participate in training schemes and other technical aid. A spokesman admitted that the Commonwealth was not a large donor to Fiji and the sanction is largely symbolic, and the Commonwealth was still prepared to remain engaged in any talks that might lead to a return to democracy. Mr Sharma said that although Cmdr Bainimarama had reaffirmed "his commitment to the principles of the Commonwealth", he had not met the terms of the 1 September deadline. He said Fiji's suspension was therefore "a step the Commonwealth is now obliged to take, and one that it takes in sorrow". Cmdr Bainimarama repeated his opposition to the 2010 election timetable when he spoke to commercial radio earlier on Tuesday, reported AFP news agency. "The Fiji government believes the roadmap is the only path to ensuring sustainable and true democracy, which includes... to have elections in 2014," he said. "We will remain with that." Contact continues Fiji has already been banned from Commonwealth ministerial meetings. With its full suspension, all Commonwealth aid will be cut off and Fiji will not be allowed to participate in the 2010 Commonwealth Games. FIJI'S COMMONWEALTH HISTORY Timeline: Fiji However, not all Commonwealth contact with Fiji will cease. Its special representative to the country, Sir Paul Reeves, is set to visit Fiji from 9-11 September - a fact welcomed by Mr Sharma in his statement. Fiji has already been suspended from the regional Pacific Islands Forum, and some European Union aid to the country has been put on hold. Fiji has had a chequered relationship with the Commonwealth. It was expelled in 1987 after two military coups, but was readmitted 10 years later when democracy was restored. It was also suspended in 2000 for 18 months. The only other country to be fully suspended in the Commonwealth's history is Nigeria, during the rule of Gen Sani Abacha in 1995. Nigeria returned to the Commonwealth after democratic rule was restored. Pakistan was twice suspended from council meetings, and Zimbabwe was on course to be suspended when President Robert Mugabe pre-empted the move by walking out himself. The Commonwealth is a grouping of 53 former British colonies, dependencies and other territories. Bookmark with:


Which country withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2003?

UK regrets The Gambia's withdrawal from Commonwealth - BBC News BBC News UK regrets The Gambia's withdrawal from Commonwealth 3 October 2013 Read more about sharing. Close share panel Media captionGambian President Yahya Jammeh told the UN he was determined to defend Gambia's dignity 'by whatever means necessary' The Gambia's decision to withdraw from the Commonwealth 48 years after joining is something to "very much regret", the UK Foreign Office has said. The west African nation branded the 54-member grouping, which includes the UK and most of its former colonies, a "neo-colonial institution". The withdrawal was announced on state TV but no other reasons were given. Two years ago President Yahya Jammeh accused the UK of backing his political opposition ahead of elections. Commonwealth officials said they only heard about the move through the media and had not yet been contacted by The Gambia. A spokesman said Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma had seen the reports with "dismay and disappointment" and had asked for "clarification" from the country. Guide to The Gambia Official name is The Gambia to distinguish it from the River Gambia One of Africa's smallest countries, it is surrounded on three sides by Senegal Its borders are said to have been set in the 19th Century by the distance a naval cannon could fire from a British gunboat on the river Tourism, fishing and peanuts are major industries Governed since 1994 by President Yahya Jammeh, who seized power aged 29 Last year he vowed to stay in power for "a billion years", if God willed it Claims he can cure Aids and infertility with herbal concoctions Warned in 2008 that gay people would be beheaded There is a history of tension between President Jammeh, who came to power in a 1994 coup, and the UK. Earlier this year, a Foreign Office report singled out The Gambia for its human rights record, citing cases of unlawful detentions, illegal closures of newspapers and discrimination against minority groups. On Thursday a Foreign Office spokesman said: "Decisions on Commonwealth membership are a matter for each member government. We would very much regret Gambia, or any other country, deciding to leave the Commonwealth." In August last year The Gambia was criticised by Amnesty International and others for executing nine prisoners by firing squad. 'Colonialism extension' The Commonwealth was founded in 1931 but acquired its modern shape after 1949 as former British colonies and protectorates, including The Gambia, started to achieve self-government and varying degrees of independence. According to the Commonwealth's charter, member states should communicate and co-operate "in the common interests of our peoples and in the promotion of international understanding and world peace". In its statement, The Gambian government said it had "withdrawn its membership of the British Commonwealth". It said it had "decided that The Gambia will never be a member of any neo-colonial institution and will never be a party to any institution that represents an extension of colonialism". Media captionPresident Jammeh's action is a "disaster", says Gambian journalist Ebrima Sankareh But Bakary Dabo, former vice president of The Gambia and chairman of the country's campaign for democratic change, said people there are generally "very happy" to be part of the Commonwealth. He said the government had recently begun "picking up war against poorly specified enemies called 'western powers'". Speaking on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, Mr Dabo said this rhetoric had "accelerated" in recent years and been used when President Jammeh gave a "rambling" speech at the United Nations General Assembly last month Aids claim Also at the UN, President Jammeh said homosexuality was one of the three "biggest threats to human existence". He has also drawn international criticism for claiming he can cure Aids with a herbal body rub and bananas. BBC Africa analyst Farouk Chothia said despite its image as an idyllic holiday destination, The Gambia, and its population of less than two million, were kept under tight contro


What is the study of the meaning of words?

Study of language - definition of Study of language by The Free Dictionary Study of language - definition of Study of language by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Study+of+language  (lĭng-gwĭs′tĭks) n. (used with a sing. verb) The study of the nature, structure, and variation of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. linguistics (Linguistics) (functioning as singular) the scientific study of language. See also historical linguistics , descriptive linguistics lin•guis•tics (lɪŋˈgwɪs tɪks) n. (used with a sing. v.) the study of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. [1850–55] 1. excessive use of the sound b. 2. improper articulation of this sound. — betacist, n. 1. the study of dialects and dialect features. 2. the linguistic features of a dialect. — dialectician, dialectologist, n. — dialectologie, dialectological, adj. echoism 1. the formation of sounds like those in nature; onomatopoesis. 2. the tendency of paired sounds to become more similar phonetically, as the d sound in iced tea which has become a t; assimilation. — echoic, adj. folk etymology the reanalysis of a word by native speakers into a new element or elements, e.g. hamburger (properly ‘from Hamburg’) being split into ham- and -burger; and the subsequent combination of -burger with a number of words in which it is used to mean ‘ground patty.’ 1. a linguist; a philologist. 2. one who compiles glossaries. 1. the study of the formal system of a language, especially the aspects of sound, forms, and syntax. 2. a work detailing such an analysis. — grammarian, n. — grammatic, grammatical, adj. 1. a word formed from elements drawn from different languages. 2. the practice of coining such words. — hybrid, n., adj. 1. the replacement of l for r in speech. 2. the mispronunciation of l. Cf. lambdacism. Phonetics. the mispronunciation of double l, giving it the sound of y or ly. 2. Cf. rhotacism. substitution of the sound l for another sound, as that of r. Also labdacism. Cf. lallation. 1. a branch of linguistics that studies and describes patterns of word formation, including inflection, derivation, and compounding of a language. 2. such patterns of a particular language. — morphologist, n. — morphological, adj. 1. the study of the relations between morphemes and their phonetic realizations, components, or distribution contexts. 2. the body of data concerning these relations in a specific language. — morphophonemicist, n. — morphophonemic, adj. 1. the study of written records to determine their authenticity, original form, and meaning. 2. linguistics, especially historical linguistics. — philologist, philologer, n. — philologic, philological, adj. 1. the study and description of phonemes, i.e., the set of basic units of sound used in a language and phonemic systems. 2. the phonemic system of a given language. Also phonematics. — phonemicist, n. phonetics 1. the science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and perception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. 2. the science or study of speech sounds with respect to their role in distinguishing meanings among words. 3. the phonetic system of a particular language. Cf. phonology. — phonetician, n. — phonetic, phonetical, adj. phonology 1. the study of the history and theory of sound changes in a language or in two or more languages comparatively. 2. the phonetics and phonemics of a language at a stated time; synchronic phonology. — phonologist, n. — phonological, adj. Phonetics. 1. a misarticulation of the sound r or the substitution of another sound for it. 2. Cf. lambdacism. substitution of the sound sound r for another sound, as that of l. 2. the excessive use of the sound r. 3. Phonology. replacement of the sound z or s by r in Indo-European languages, as German wesen, English were. — rhotacize, v. — rhotacistic, adj. semantics 1. the study of the meaning of words. 2. the study of linguistic development by examining and classifying changes in


What kind of creatures are jacamars and barbets?

What does piciform bird mean? definition and meaning (Free English Language Dictionary) Hypernyms ("piciform bird" is a kind of...): bird (warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings) Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "piciform bird"): pecker ; peckerwood ; woodpecker (bird with strong claws and a stiff tail adapted for climbing and a hard chisel-like bill for boring into wood for insects) barbet (small brightly colored stout-billed tropical bird having short weak wings) puffbird (brownish tropical American bird having a large head with fluffed out feathers) honey guide (small bird of tropical Africa and Asia; feeds on beeswax and honey and larvae) jacamar (tropical American insectivorous bird having a long sharp bill and iridescent green or bronze plumage) toucan (brilliantly colored arboreal fruit-eating bird of tropical America having a very large thin-walled beak) Holonyms ("piciform bird" is a member of...): order Piciformes ; Piciformes (woodpeckers; jacamars; puffbirds; barbets; honey guides; toucans)  Learn English with... Proverbs of the week  "Patience is a virtue." (English proverb) "Sorrow, nobody dies about it" (Breton proverb) "A bite from a lion is better the look of envy." (Arabic proverb) "A horse aged thirty: don't add any more years." (Corsican proverb)  PICIFORM BIRD: related words searches


What is the study of the history and derivation of words?

History | Definition of History by Merriam-Webster Examples of history in a sentence I studied history in college. a professor of medieval history They were one of the greatest teams in history. It was one of the most destructive storms in modern history. It was a period in American history when most people lived and worked on farms. The history of space exploration is a fascinating topic. He wrote a well-known history of the British empire. The book begins with a brief history of the Internet. Origin and Etymology of history Middle English histoire, historie, from Anglo-French estoire, histoire, from Latin historia, from Greek, inquiry, history, from histōr, istōr knowing, learned; akin to Greek eidenai to know — more at wit First Known Use: 14th century history Synonyms


What kind of creatures are loggerheads and hawksbills?

Sea Turtle Facts — SEE Turtles Flatback Turtle Sea Turtle Facts From leatherbacks to loggerheads, six of the seven species of sea turtles are threatened or endangered at the hand of humans. Sadly, the fact is that they face many dangers as they travel the seas — including accidental capture and entanglement in fishing gear (also known as bycatch), the loss of nesting and feeding sites to coastal development, poaching, and ocean pollution including plastic. These creatures are well-adapted to the ocean though they require air to survive. Their size varies greatly, depending upon species — from the small Kemp’s ridley, which weighs between 80–100 pounds, to the enormous leatherback, which can weigh more than 1,000 pounds. Habitat & Diet Sea turtles live in almost every ocean basin throughout the world, nesting on tropical and subtropical beaches. They migrate long distances to feed, often crossing entire oceans. Some loggerheads nest in Japan and migrate to Baja California Sur, Mexico to forage before returning home again. Leatherbacks are capable of withstanding the coldest water temperatures (often below 40˚F) and are found as far south as Chile and as far north as Alaska. They spend their entire lives at sea, except when adult females come ashore to lay eggs several times per season every 2 to 5 years. After about sixty days,  baby sea turtles (known as "hatchlings") emerge from their sandy nests and make their way to the ocean —attracted to the distant horizon. The  juvenile turtles spend their first few years in the open oceans, eventually moving to protected bays, estuaries, and other nearshore waters as adults . Each species relies on a different diet: greens eat sea grasses; leatherbacks feed on jellyfish and soft-bodied animals; loggerheads eat heavy-shelled animals such as crabs and clams; hawksbills rely on sponges and other invertebrates; and the Kemp’s ridley prefers crabs.   Learn more about their diets. Human Threats These ancient creatures have been on Earth for more than 100 million years — even surviving the dinosaurs when they became extinct 65 million years ago. Among the threats these marine reptiles face are entanglement, habitat loss, and consumption of their eggs and meat. Sea turtles often drown when caught in fishing gear, both nets and longlines. Coastal development can destroy important nesting sites, impact coral reefs, and artificial light from houses and other buildings attracts hatchlings away from the ocean. Pollution like plastic bags are often mistaken for food such as jellyfish and ingested, which blocks their intestines and potentially kills them. In some countries, they are hunted for their meat and shells and their eggs are eaten. Learn more about threats to sea turtles.


The Islands | Isles of Scilly Tresco Inclusive Travel Tresco All year Skybus fly all year round to St Mary’s from Land’s End and Newquay, and from Exeter between March and November. If you are staying on Tresco, we recommend that you book your journey through the Island Office as our fares include all island transfers. Read more » Skybus St. Mary's All year Skybus fly all year round to the Isles of Scilly from Land’s End and Newquay airports, and from Exeter airport between March and November. Isles of Scilly Steamship Group, Steamship House, Quay Street, Penzance, TR18 4BZ. Read more » Scilly Parking UK Mainland Mar-Nov Make your daytrip easier, book your car in with Scilly Parking and have peace of mind. Scilly Parking take care of everything and provide secure car parking and a free park and ride service to Penzance Quay.  Read more » Prepco Island Vacations and Tours LLC UK Mainland All year | From: 0.00 A US based travel company servicing the US and Canada for vacation packages to the Isles of Scilly, England. Our one-price complete package includes return flights for all domestic and international travel needs plus internal travel in England and accommodation. Options include travelling via Dublin or London. Read more » St. Mary's All year | From: 0.00 The Personal Touch of Self Catering Holidays on the Isles of Scilly Read more » Scillonian III Passenger Ferry St. Mary's Mar-Nov Just 28 miles of the Cornish coast you will discover 5 islands, surrounded by azure waters, white beaches and a wonderful climate where sub–tropical plants thrive. Hop on board the Scillonian III, our recently refurbished ship and discover the Isles of Scilly. The Scillonian Passenger Ferry sets sail from Penzance harbour up to 7 days a week. Isles of Scilly Steamship Group, Steamship House, Quay Street, Penzance, Cornwall, TR18 4BZ. Read more » Classic Sailing Fleet - Tall Ships and Traditional Boats UK Mainland Apr-Sep Sail to Scilly from the mainland as ‘hands on’ crew on our fleet of pilot cutters, luggers, and historic sailing ships. Once in the archipelago, enjoy different anchorages, explore ashore and island hop under sail. Classic Sailing offer 6 or 7 day sailing holidays with a skipper as your guide. We provide freshly cooked meals and accommodation on board characterful wooden vessels for a fantastic Scillies adventure. Read more » Scilly Parking UK Mainland Mar-Nov For Scillonian passengers avoiding long walks with your luggage. We take you to the quay and meet you on your return. We also take dogs. Read more » DJ Cabs St. Mary's All year Local, family run cab company operating around the islands for 5 years. Reliable, comfortable transport for short trips or late pick ups around St Mary's. Read more » Calypso Boat Company St. Mary's Apr-Oct Boat trips from St Mary's with skipper Tim - visit 3 islands in one day, take a day trip to an off island or an unihabited island, or a trip to see seals and birds. Read more » Falcon Boating St. Mary's All year Enjoy a special charter trip on the 'Falcon', an 11 metre Red Bay rib with twin engines and fully enclosed cabin to seat 12 passengers. Read more » Toots Taxi St. Mary's All year We are a friendly and reliable taxi service based on St. Mary’s, working seven days a week, including evenings and weekends.  We have two vehicles available for hire, one carrying four passengers and one carrying six passengers.  The larger vehicle has two integrated baby/booster seats so children can be transported safely and comfortably.  We are available for a quick taxi trip to get you from A to B, as well as more leisurely tours of the island. We really look forward to being of service to you whilst you are on the islands. Read more » Tresco Boat Services Tresco All year Tresco Boat Services, serving Tresco, Bryher and St Martin's, offer all the waterborne services you need to get the most from your visit to the Isles of Scilly. Read more » Island Sea Safaris St. Mary's Apr-Oct Island Sea Safaris operate marine wildlife safaris in their 8m RIB FIREBRAND IV around and amongst the islands and rocks of Sc


Coprolite is the name given by archaeologists to fossilized ………..what?

Coprolite - What is a Coprolite Coprolite Coprolite The Archaeological Study of Human Fossil Feces called Coprolite Human coprolite from Paisley Cave 5 radiocarbon dated to 12,300 BC.  Image courtesy of Dennis LeRoy Jenkins By K. Kris Hirst Updated August 09, 2016. In archaeological terms, a coprolite is the name given to fossil feces, preserved human excrement discovered in an archaeological context. Coprolites are of an extremely important analytical interest to archaeologists, believe it or not, because they contain evidence of diet and subsistence , disease and pathogens, gender and DNA, evidence in a manner not readily available elsewhere. Archaeology of the Coprolite The most important proponent of research into coprolites was Eric O. Callen, a maverick who died doing research at Pikimachay, Peru in 1970. Callen, with a PhD in botany from Edinburgh, worked as a plant pathologist at McGill University. He began his first coprolite studies at the behest of archaeologist Junius Bird, who had discovered coprolites at the site of Huaca Prieta de Chicama. Callen was restricted to macroscopic studies of the remains, but he invented techniques for the study at a time when he was disparaged for what was considered a bizarre research. continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance Since Callen's death, coprolite studies have included the investigations of chemical, immunological protein, steroids (which determine sex), and DNA studies, in addition to phytoliths , pollen, parasites, algae, and viruses. Sources


Which is the most malleable of all metals?

Malleability in Metallurgy Terms Malleability in Metallurgy Terms By Terence Bell Updated September 02, 2016 Malleability is a physical property of metals that defines the ability to be hammered, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets without breaking. In other words, it is the property of a metal to deform under compression. A metal's malleability can be measured by how much pressure (compressive stress) it can withstand without breaking.  Differences in malleability amongst metals are due to variances in their crystal structures. Compression stress forces atoms to roll over each other into new positions without breaking their metallic bond. When a large amount of stress is put on a malleable metal, the atoms roll over each other, permanently staying in their new position. Examples of malleable metals are: Examples of products demonstrating malleability include gold leaf, lithium foil, and indium shot. Malleability and Hardness: The crystal structure of harder metals, such as antimony and bismuth , makes it more difficult to press atoms into new positions without breaking. This is because the rows of atoms in the metal don't line-up, that is, more grain boundaries exist. Metals tend to fracture at grain boundaries - areas where atoms are not as strongly connected. So the more grain boundaries a metal has, the harder, more brittle and, therefore, less malleable it will be. Malleability vs. Ductility: While malleability is the property of a metal deforming under compression, ductility is the property of a metal allowing it to stretch without damage. Copper has both good ductility - it can be stretched into wires - and good malleability - it can also be rolled into sheets. Most malleable metals are also ductile, but the two properties can be exclusive. Lead and tin, for example, are malleable and ductile while cold but become increasingly brittle as temperatures rise towards their melting points. Most metals, however, become more malleable when heated. This is due to the effect of temperature on the crystal grains within metals. Controlling Crystal Grains: Temperature has a direct effect on the behavior of atoms, and in most metals heat results in atoms having a more regular arrangement. This reduces the number of grain boundaries, thereby, making the metal softer or more malleable. An example of temperature's effect on metals can be seen with zinc , which is a brittle metal below 300°F (149°C). Yet when heated above this temperature, zinc can become so malleable that it can be rolled into sheets. In contrast to the effect of heat treatment , cold working - a process that involves working (rolling, drawing or pressing causing plastic deformation) a cold metal - tends to result in smaller grains, making the metal harder. Alloying is another common method of controlling grain sizes to make metals more workable. Brass , an alloy of copper and zinc, is harder than both individual metals because its grain structure is more resistant to compression stress attempting to forces the rows of atoms from shifting into new positions. Sources:


Which world-famous song was originally entitled ‘Good Morning To All’?

Happy Birthday song and its strange past Happy Birthday song and its strange past Marilyn Monroe sings Happy Birthday to President Kennedy in 1962 Credit: Rex Alice Vincent 9 February 2016 • 8:15am The Happy Birthday song has finally been ruled as belonging to the public domain, but did you know of its tangled history? On June 27, 1859, teacher Mildred Hill was born. You may not know her name but you will almost certainly have sung the song she helped write. Hill was the co-composer of Happy Birthday To You, originally called Good Morning To All, which is the song millions of people sing around a candlelit cake. It was first published in a songbook 90 years ago, on March 4. Although by 1924 the recognisable melody had been sung in American primary schools for nearly three decades, the publication was to trigger almost a century of legal wranglings which would result in Happy Birthday To You being one of the most lucrative songs of all time. Even though nobody knows who actually wrote Happy Birthday's lyrics, until this week, Warner Music contentiously owns the copyright to the song in its entirety. The media giant has therefore been earning millions from people celebrating their birthdays for a quarter of a century. Walt Disney had to pay $5,000 to use it in a parade and the royalties charge on a scene of Martin Luther King celebrating his birthday in civil rights documentary Eyes on the Prize was so high that it never made it to DVD. More recently, the makers of the 2008 documentary No Subtitles Necessary: Laszlo & Vilmos, about the Hungarian cinematographers, paid $5000 to use the music in their film. The Mars Curiosity Rover sang Happy Birthday to the surface of Mars a year after it landed Credit: Reuters/NASA To sing Happy Birthday in a restaurant, at a concert or public place, royalties had to be paid. The most recent exception to the rule, it would seem, is if you sing it on Mars - as Curiosity Rover did to the surface of the planet last August, a year after it landed. The familiar six-note tune and original similar, but importantly not birthday-related, lyrics were the work of two sisters, Mildred and Patty Hill, who composed Good Morning To All in 1893 to sing to their pupils every day. The Hill's lyrics wished listeners a 'good morning' where 'happy birthday' would later appear, and in this format the song made its way around Kentucky kindergartens and primary schools in the late 19th century. The Hill sisters, possibly forseeing of the copyright battles to come, instructed the trainee teachers they shared the song with never to write it down. However, in around 1911 the word 'birthday' started to sneak its way into versions of the tune and it was first published next to the melody on this day in 1924. The original sheet music for Good Morning to all Credit: Reuters It didn't take long for the song to appear in the then-new sound films and on radio airwaves, entirely without royalties; in 1931 Happy Birthday appeared in the Broadway musical The Band Wagon. After Western Union used it as a stunt in their first ever "singing telegram" two years later and another appearance on Broadway, the third Hill sister, Jessica, took a stand and secured the copyright of Happy Birthday in 1934, thanks to its similarities to Good Morning To All. The next year, the first copyrighted version of Happy Birthday was published by Clayton F. Summy Company. The Hills were to have rights over the song if it was sung for profit until 1991, and this was extended under current law until 2030. In 1988, after a series of acquisitions, Warner Music became owners of the song and benefited from its reported $2 million of royalties per year. The Hill Foundation, set up in the sisters' honour, has collected half of all royalties since 1893, with some going to their nephew Archibald, after Patty's death in 1946. Many have argued that Happy Birthday belongs in the public domain. The best case was put forward by Robert Brauneis in his 2010 paper, Copywright and the World's Most Popular Song. Brauneis used more than 200 documents from six historical


Which legendary figure refused to bow to a hat in Burglen marketplace?

William Tell, Mythical Hero, Mythical Historical Figure, or Both? - Windows To World History Windows To World History William Tell - Mythical Hero, Mythical Historical Figure, or Both? by  Kathy Warnes History    needs to be    written and taught with imgination and documentation, with a       fascinating figure like William Tell included to add zest to the story.       Miss Arylene Burr, our American elementary music teacher, taught us       that Gioachino Rossini wrote an opera in four acts called William       Tell. Although William Tell features four acts, the William    Tell    Overture is the most famous part of the opera and it    gallops into    the Twenty First Century as a major part of the concert    and recording    repertoire of performers around the world. The Story of Swiss National Hero, William Tell,    Evolves When Mr. Magnus. Meyer, our history teacher, told us about William       Tell, he stressed that the story was about a Swiss national hero who       fought for freedom much like the American George Washington. I didn’t    find    out until later in my historical journey that there are several    accounts    of the William Tell legend, beginning with the late    Fifteenth Century    White Book of Sarnen by Hans Schriber. The most durable version of the William    Tell    story comes from Aegidius or Giles Tschudi, of Glarus,    Switzerland,    who lived from February 5, 1505, to February 28, 1572.    He recorded the    story of William Tell, an expert crossbow shot,    originally from Burglen,    in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. In William Tell’s time, the Austrian Habsburg emperors wanted to rule       Uri and Hermann Gessler, the Austrian governor of Altdorf, raised a    pole    in Uri’s central square with his hat dangling from the top of    it. He told    the citizens of Uri that if they didn’t bow to his hat,    they would be    arrested. When William Tell passed the hat, he refused    to bow and Gessler    arrested him. To punish William Tell, Hermann    Gessler threatened him and    his son, Walter, with execution if he    didn’t shoot an apple off Walter’s    head. If Tell hit the apple, he    and Walter would be free. On November 18, 1307, William Tell took aim at the apple on his son       Walter’s head. Before he shot, William Tell removed two crossbow bolts       from his quiver, took aim, and split the apple on Walter’s head.    Gessler    asked why he had removed two crossbow bolts from his quiver    and William    Tell told him that if he had killed his son, he had been    prepared to use    the second bolt on Gessler. Angrily, Gessler ordered William Tell arrested and taken across Lake       Lucerne to his castle at Kussnacht. A storm brewed on Lake Lucerne,       violently rocking the boat and the soldiers untied William Tell and    begged    him to steer the boat. William Tell escaped by jumping from    the boat,    swimming to shore, and making his way to Kussnacht by    land. When Gessler    arrived, William Tell shot him with his crossbow    as he traveled down a    narrow stretch of the road from Immensee to    Kussnacht. William Tell’s actions ignited a rebellion and eventually the Swiss       rebels formed the Swiss Confederation, which, as a federation of       independent small states called cantons, existed from the end of the       Thirteenth or early Fourteenth century until 1798, when the French       Republic invaded Switzerland. Tschudi also documented William Tell’s death       in 1354, when he wrote that Tell died trying to save a child from    drowning    in the Schachenbach River in Uri. Tschudi and WilliamTell Fade In and Out of FavorThrough centuries of historiography, Tschudi as a historical source has       been discredited and William Tell as th


According to the old saying what is a ‘dish best eaten cold’?

Klingon proverbs - Wikiquote Klingon proverbs Jump to: navigation , search This is a compilation of known proverbs from the fictional Klingon race in the Star Trek television shows and films. Some of these proverbs are not original to Star Trek, but are likely cited as "Klingon" for entertainment value and/or to draw parallels between Human and Klingon culture. Quotes[ edit ] Revenge is a dish best served cold. Khan Noonien Singh , Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan , who refers to this as a "Klingon proverb". Klingon (CSUR):       tlhIngan Hol: bortaS bIr jablu'DI' reH QaQqu' nay' Literal translation: When cold revenge is served, the dish is always very good Earliest known print reference: Mathilde (1841) by Eugène Sue Original French (1782) : Et puis la vengeance se mange très-bien froide, comme on dit vulgairement... books.google Four thousand throats may be cut in one night by a running man. Klingon (CSUR):          tlhIngan Hol: qaStaHvIS wa' ram loSSaD Hugh SIjlaH qetbogh loD Literal translation: One man can cut four thousand throats in a single night, if he is continually running. Klingon language source: The Klingon Dictionary, Marc Okrand Only a fool fights in a burning house. Klingon (CSUR):      tlhIngan Hol: meQtaHbogh qachDaq Suv qoH neH Literal translation: Only a fool fights in a house that continues to burn. Kang , Star Trek: The Original Series, "Day of the Dove" Klingon language source: The Klingon Way, Marc Okrand A fool and his head are soon parted. Klingon (CSUR):      tlhIngan Hol: tugh qoH nachDaj je chevlu'ta' Literal translation: Soon a fool and his head will be separated. Klingon language source: qurgh lungqIj The wind does not respect a fool. Klingon (CSUR):    Kahless , Star Trek: The Next Generation , " Rightful Heir " Klingon language source: The Klingon Way, Marc Okrand Destroying an Empire to win a war is no victory. And ending a battle to save an Empire is no defeat. Klingon (CSUR):             tlhIngan Hol: noH QapmeH wo' Qaw'lu'chugh yay chavbe'lu', 'ej wo' choqmeH may' DoHlu'chugh lujbe'lu' Literal translation: Victory is not achieved if an Empire is destroyed in order to win a war, and it is not failure if a battle is backed away from in order to preserve an Empire Klingon language source: The Klingon Way, Marc Okrand A leader is judged not by the length of his reign but by the decisions he makes. Kahless (quoted), Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, " Tacking into the Wind " Great men do not seek power; it is thrust upon them. Kahless (quoted), Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, " Tacking into the Wind " If you cannot control yourself, you cannot command others Klingon (CSUR):    tlhIngan Hol: bISeH'eghlaH'be'chugh latlh Dara'laH'be' Literal translation: If you cannot control yourself, you cannot command others. Klingon Honor Guard manual, page 16 Klingon language source: Unknown Death is an experience best shared. Klingon (CSUR):      tlhIngan Hol: Heghlu'DI' mobbe'lu'chugh QaQpu' Hegh wanI' Literal translation: When someone dies not alone the death event is good. Klingon Honor Guard manual, page 29 Klingon language source: The Klingon Way, Marc Okrand Pity the warrior who slays all his foes. Klingon (CSUR):      tlhIngan Hol: Hoch jaghpu'Daj HoHbogh SuvwI' yIvup Literal translation: Pity the warrior that kills all his enemies! Klingon Honor Guard manual, page 39 A sharp knife is nothing without a sharp eye. Klingon (CSUR):      tlhIngan Hol: leghlaHchu'be'chugh mIn lo'laHbe' taj jej Literal translation: A sharp knife is useless if the eye is unable to clearly see. Klingon Honor Guard manual, page 47 Klingon language source: The Klingon Way, Marc Okrand Brute strength is not the most important asset in a fight. Klingon (CSUR):     tlhIngan Hol:


Which city is the setting for the TV crime series Scott & Bailey?

Suranne Jones and Lesley Sharp in ‘Scott & Bailey’ - The New York Times The New York Times Television |A ‘Cagney & Lacey’ With Constables Search A ‘Cagney & Lacey’ With Constables Suranne Jones and Lesley Sharp in ‘Scott & Bailey’ By MARGY ROCHLIN Continue reading the main story Photo Suranne Jones, left, and Lesley Sharp restrain a rape victim (Nichola Burley) in an episode of “Scott & Bailey.” The series, a hit in Britain, was cocreated by Sally Wanwright. Credit Matt Squire/Red Production, via ITV One of the more interesting crime dramas currently on either side of the Atlantic started with a concept that was only about three decades old. Called “Scott & Bailey,” it’s a police procedural about two female crime-solvers. Or, in the words of Suranne Jones, who stars in the series and came up with the original idea with her fellow actress Sally Lindsay, it’s “a Manchester-based ‘Cagney & Lacey.’ ” Set in that British city’s decaying landscape, “Scott & Bailey” views every dead body or sullen perp through the eyes of the detective constables Rachel Bailey (Ms. Jones) and Janet Scott (Lesley Sharp, who stepped into the role when Ms. Lindsay, who occasionally shows up as Bailey’s sister, became pregnant with twins). Yet it’s not hard to spot the pages that have been torn from the “Cagney & Lacey” handbook: Both dramas have tough-minded, emotionally complicated odd couples at their center, female cops who are different in temperament but who share a deep understanding of each other’s lives and who endlessly hash things out in stolen ladies’ room moments. Cagney (Sharon Gless) was single and more glamorous than her partner, Lacey (Tyne Daly), the wife of a contractor. Bailey is an unmarried woman in her 30s who binge-drinks and has impulse-control issues; her partner is a levelheaded 40-something mother of two. Photo Sally Wanwright But the earlier show, which began in 1981, had been off the air for 23 years when Ms. Jones and Ms. Lindsay hatched their idea over a bottle of wine. Both were facing that strange age netherworld that most actresses are consigned to in their 30s and 40s: “the wife-of, sidekick-to, mother-of, mistress-to” marginal parts, as Ms. Jones put it. So the two sketched starring roles with heft for themselves. Continue reading the main story Sally Wainwright, who created “ Scott & Bailey ” with Diane Taylor, a former homicide detective, fleshed out their idea for the British network ITV in ways that make it feel modern. More often than not, the cases assigned to the Syndicate 9 homicide unit involve crimes affecting women — a serial rapist on a murder spree, the strangling of a pregnant teenage bride, an actress in X-rated films who kills her husband — or are told from a woman’s point of view. Advertisement Continue reading the main story And in place of the barking white male in charge of seemingly every squad room in television, the team reports to a by-the-books detective chief inspector named Gill Murray (Amelia Bullmore). There have been other members of Gill Murray’s club: “Law & Order” had Lt. Anita Van Buren (S. Epatha Merkerson) at the top, and Chief Superintendent Jean Innocent (Rebecca Front) calls the shots on the British procedural “Inspector Lewis,” a spinoff of “Inspector Morse.” But what makes Murray — loosely inspired by Ms. Taylor — a dynamics-changer is that her authority is absolute: No male or female officer is keen on being called into her office. When Ms. Wainwright first started working on “Scott & Bailey” she knew she wanted to create a universe a step beyond the woman-against-the-boys’-club construct that undergirded previous shows like “Prime Suspect” (starring Helen Mirren) or “The Closer” (starring Kyra Sedgwick). The idea was to dramatize a situation, she said, in which it was “perfectly acceptable to be a woman and high-powered in an interesting job and it goes uncommented upon because you’re surrounded by women who are doing a similar caliber of job.” Reviewers in Britain applauded. “Who knew that letting your female leads behave as Actual Women when confronted with hideous cr


Which light spongy dish has a name stemming from the French meaning ‘blown’?

Food Glossary & Classic French Garnishes | Chefsopinion Food Glossary & Classic French Garnishes Food Glossary & Classic French Garnishes > 2) Classic French Garnishes / Descriptions —————————————————————— À emporter (adj) to go (as opposed to sur place, for here). À l’ancienne old-fashioned, as in une baguette à l’ancienne. À point (adj) medium rare. Abats (m. pl.) offal. Aiguillette (f) in a bird (mostly duck or chicken), the tip of the breast meat. Ail (m) garlic. Aligot (m) potatoes mashed with fresh mountain cheese; a specialty from Auvergne. Amande (f) almond. Amuse-bouche (m) or amuse-gueule. Savory nibbles served before the meal, to arouse the appetite. Ananas (m) pineapple. Andouillette (f) chitterlings sausage. Aneth (m) dill. AOC (f) Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée. A certification granted to certain food items (such as varieties of cheese or produce) made in a specific area, according to a specific production process. Apéritif (m) or apéro. A pre-dinner drink. Also: a general term for the drinks and savory nibbles served before dinner. It is also a widespread custom to invite people over just for l’apéro, which is a more casual way to entertain than a full-blown dinner invitation. Arachide (f) peanut. Avoine (m) oat. B Baba au rhum (m) a spongy yeast cake soaked with rum syrup, often served with whipped cream. Badiane (f) star anise. Bar (m) bar, or sea bass. Basilic (m) basil. Beaufort (m) firm cow  cheese  from the area of Beaufort, in the French Alps. Beignet (m) fritter, donut. Berceuse (f) mezza-luna; a chopping tool with two handles and two half-moon blades. Literally: lullaby, because of the rocking movement made while using it. Betterave (f) beetroot. Beurre (m) butter. Beurre doux is unsalted, beurre salé is salted. Bien cuit (adj) well done. Bière (f) beer. Bio (adj) (short for biologique) organic. Biscotte (f) rusk. Biscuit (m) cookie. Biscuit rose de Reims (m) a pink, rectangular ladyfinger and a specialty from Reims, it was designed for dipping in a glass of Champagne. It keeps its shape when moistened, which makes it perfect for charlottes. Blanc (adj) white. Blanc-manger (m) a set pudding made with almond milk. Blanquette (f) a creamy stew, generally of veal, cooked with carrots, onions, and mushrooms. Blé (m) wheat. Blettes (f. pl.) also: bettes. Swiss chard. Bleu (adj) very rare. Literally: blue. Boeuf (m) beef. Boeuf bourguignon (m) a stew of beef, red wine, and vegetables; a specialty from Burgundy. Bonbon (m) candy. Bouchon (m) cork. Boudin antillais (m) spicy blood sausage. A twist on boudin noir and a specialty from the Antilles, the French Carribeans. Boudin blanc (m) a soft white sausage. Boudin noir (m) blood sausage. Bouteille (f) bottle. Brandade de morue (f) salt cod mashed with olive oil and milk until smooth; sometimes made with potatoes, too; a specialty from Provence. Brasserie (f) originally, a restaurant that served beer (the literal meaning of brasserie is brewery) and a simple hearty fare, often of Alsatian inspiration. The term is now used, more broadly, for traditional restaurants that are larger than bistros and offer a longer menu served around the clock (choucroute, grilled meat, shellfish platters, etc.). Bresaola (f) air-dried Italian beef. Brick (f) (alternate spelling: brik) a very thin wheat dough used in North African cuisine, similar to phyllo dough but slightly thicker and grainier. Brioche (f) a lightly sweet yeast pastry, made with eggs and butter. Brochet (m) pike. Brochette (f) skewer. Brousse (f) a type of fresh cheese from Provence. It is called brocciu when made in Corsica. Brut (adj) crude, rough. Café (m) coffee; when ordered in a café or restaurant: espresso. Café allongé (m) espresso with added water. Café crème (m) coffee with milk. Cake (m) a cake baked in a loaf pan. Calamar (m) squid. Calisson (m) an almond shaped confection from Aix-en-Provence, made with almond paste, sugar, and crystallized melons, with wafer paper at the bottom and a crisp sugar glaze on top. Canard (m) duck. Canelé (m) (alternate spelling: cannelé) a small cake from the city


A babirusa is wild variety of which animal?

Babirusa :: Saint Louis Zoo Saint Louis Zoo swamps and forests around rivers and lakes Scientific Name Threatened Setting the Standard for Bizarre On the small tropical Indonesian island of Sulawesi (formerly Celebes) and at the Saint Louis Zoo, the babirusa sets the standard for bizarre. To see this small, sparsely-haired pig is to realize this immediately. The babirusa is not just another pretty face-but it is an unforgettable one! In 1990, the Saint Louis Zoo acquired a pair of these elusive forest-dwellers through a complex cooperative loan program. A two-and-a-half year old male born at the Bronx Zoo was traded to the Los Angeles Zoo but flown to St. Louis on breeding loan. Los Angeles then sent a replacement male to the Bronx Zoo. An unrelated female babirusa was then selected from the Los Angeles Zoo herd to pair with the new St. Louis resident. The net result was a breeding pair of babirusa owned by the Los Angeles Zoo but managed by the Saint Louis Zoo. Since this time, the Saint Louis Zoo has raised five litters of nine piglets. Little is known about the natural history of the babirusa due to the difficulty of observing it in its thick jungle habitat. This shy pig lives in groups of five to fifteen animals in swamps and forests along rivers and lakes. The babirusa's coloration, torpedo-shaped body and deer-like movements enable it to melt silently into surrounding cover at the slightest disturbance. About That face The most striking feature of a babirusa is its face. Besides being armed with a pair of slashing lower tusks, an impressive pair of upper tusks erupt through the top of the snout and curve back toward the eyes. These upper canines resemble antlers more than they do tusks. Not surprisingly, the translation of "babi-rusa" is "pig-deer." There has been much debate over the purpose of the upper tusks on males. Sulawesi natives are convinced that these tusks hook over low-hanging branches to support the babirusa's head as it rests. A more plausible explanation was proposed by John McKinnon in 1981. His studies suggest that males developed this extraordinary set of upper tusks to protect the eyes and throat from the slashing lower tusks of competing males. This alternative use of the tusks was made possible by the fact that when the babirusa's ancestors arrived on Sulawesi they faced a predator-free environment. Without strong selection pressure to develop and maintain anti-predator mechanisms, the tusks were suddenly "free" to be modified for other uses. The greatest physical threat to the ancestral babirusa boars was no longer predation, but competition. Rival boars armed with dagger-like tusks and surly dispositions posed a serious hazard to the average babirusa boar come-a'courtin. Like all other pig species, babirusa practice a social system in which males fight with other males over the right to breed several females. Violent struggles can occur involving the use of the sharp lower tusks. The frequency of these conflicts, and the inherent risk of serious injury, probably increased dramatically when the babirusa's ancestors first arrived from the mainland to this small, isolated island. This created a new selection measure that favored the development of mechanisms to reduce the risk of injury during the ritual combat between males. The result of this selection pressure was the modification of the babirusa boars' upper tusks. Instead of curving down like other pigs' tusks, they grew straight up through the snout, curving into a spiral that is ideal for catching and deflecting potential blows. Their placement at the top of the snout gives them added protection to the vulnerable eyes. These tusks have evolved to such a degree that boars seem to sprout veritable arsenals! It should be noted that babirusa females have remarkably reduced tusks relative to those of other suid females. This is probably a direct consequence of the lack of predators on the island, coupled with the fact that, in general, sows do not compete with each other in the way that boars do. About Its Family Tree While some paleontologic


Where in the British Isles can the Laxey Wheel aka Lady Isabella be seen?

Snaefell Mountain Railway - Railway in Laxey, Laxey - Isle of Man Snaefell Mountain Railway Visit Website About Us This unique Victorian enterprise, which is around five miles long, has been in operation since 1895 and is the only electric mountain railway in the British Isles. You can start your journey in Douglas or in the pretty village of Laxey on the east coast - then simply sit back and relax as you are transported through the beautiful Manx countryside. On route you’ll be able to see the Laxey glens and Lady Isabella – Laxey’s water wheel – as well as the Bungalow, a famous TT landmark and only other stop on the line. Once you have reached Snaefell’s summit, at 2,036 feet above sea level, you may be able to see some, or all, of the Seven Kingdoms - England, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, the Isle of Man and the kingdoms of heaven and the sea. Map & Directions Laxey Prices Tickets are available from all manned stations, and from the guard onboard the train. Please see our website for current ticket options and fares: https://www.gov.im/categories/travel-traffic-and-motoring/bus-and-rail/tickets-fares Regular travellers and visitors can save money by purchasing a Go smart travel card. Go Explore cards provide unlimited travel on our bus and rail services. These are available for 1, 3, 5 or 7 days. Go cards are available online (www.gotravel.im) or from the Welcome Centre in Douglas Sea Terminal and main stations. Please see the Go cards page for more details. Facilities Disabled Accessibility - Please see our website for more detailed accessibility information: https://www.gov.im/categories/travel-traffic-and-motoring/bus-and-rail/accessibility-information Guide Dogs Permitted On-Site café/restaurant - On-site cafes are located both within Laxey Station and at the Summit. Payment Methods Accepts major credit and debit cards Groups Accepted MasterCard accepted Special group rates - Group rates are available for groups of 20 persons or more. For large groups booking is always advisable - please contact heritagerailways@gov.im Visa accepted Event Venue - For private hire, weddings, and group bookings please contact us at heritagerailways@gov.im Group Friendly Season (24 Mar 2016 - 30 Oct 2016) * For more detailed journey information please see our timetable: https://www.gov.im/media/1346548/iomrail_2016_timetable_smr.pdf Nostalgia for the nostalgic Thursday, 17th November 2016 Thsi is a real must do for anyone who loves the feel ambiance and pace of life on the Isle of Man. Link it in with an Electic Tram ride from Douglas to Ramsey as well. Read full review Bob C A good way up. Wednesday, 9th November 2016 Very popular mountain railway to the top of snaefell. There is a cafe at the top but be warned it is fairly normal for the top apparently to be covered in mist so no views are possible. Read full review Kirstles83 One of the best visits on our holiday Monday, 31st October 2016 Really enjoyed the Mountain Railway itself - the experience and views were brilliant and this is my reason for 5 stars.  The food in the cafe at the top was ok but average, I'm sure more could be... Read full review The source of the Laxey River is located on Snaefell, the Island’s highest peak. It... 0.08 miles away Art Gallery showing monthly exhibitions by local artists of all genres. 0.12 miles away This feat of Victorian engineering and ingenuity is the largest surviving waterwheel of... 0.42 miles away Axnfell is on the steep north facing slopes of Glen Roy and has an area of 36 hectares... 0.53 miles away Laxey Beach is situated on the Island's east coast approximately 8 miles north of Douglas... 0.85 miles away Dhoon Glen, known for its natural and rugged beauty, is a small, wooden glen 5 miles... 1.86 miles away The Ballanette Reserve includes a series of lakes with at least one bird watching hide.... 2.64 miles away Snaefell is the highest mountain and the only summitt higher than 2,000 feet on the Isle... 2.84 miles away Two pretty reservoirs, a short walking distance apart, that lie in the hills above Onchan... 3.21 miles away Casht


Which town on the Isle of Mull was also the name of a Womble?

Tobermory, a Gem on the Isle of Mull, Scotland | Echoes of the Past Echoes of the Past Search for: Tobermory, a Gem on the Isle of Mull, Scotland Built as a fishing port in 1788 on a design by Thomas Telford, the town curves around the harbour and rises into the hillside beyond.  Tobermory is the capital of, and the only burgh on, the Isle of Mull in the Scottish Inner Hebrides.  It is located in the northeastern part of the island, near the northern entrance of the Sound of Mull. When we arrived in the little town in 2013, the sun was shining and the skies a perfect blue, it felt like we were in a beautiful picturesque postcard.   Best known for its connections with children’s TV,  first it had a Womble named after it, while more recently it was used as the setting for the BBC children’s series Balamory. Main street has a mix of shops, eateries, hotels and guest houses and has an excellent selection of locally produced arts and crafts. It surely must be one of the prettiest towns in Scotland and it was lovely, just pottering around the town and having something to eat on the harbour side, just perfect. Share this:


What is the subject of Lorraine Pascale’s BBC2 programmes?

Fostering and Me With Lorraine Pascale – TV review | Television & radio | The Guardian Last night's TV Fostering and Me With Lorraine Pascale – TV review A difficult and personal story of life as a foster child in 1970s Britain handled with a rare sensitvity and understatement Fostering and Me With Lorraine Pascale, BBC2. Photograph: Richard Ansett/BBC/Richard Ansett Share on Messenger Close You know Lorraine Pascale . She's the former model who became a TV chef and subsequently sold a million cookery books. She also spent some significant chunks of her life in foster care. Fostering and Me With Lorraine Pascale (BBC2) opens with Pascale baking a cake, which is misleading – that's all the cookery we get. She asks her kitchen assistant, 10-year-old Junior, what foster care is like on the first night. "It's like a big old question mark in your heart," he said, "asking: 'Why is this happening to me?'" Pascale's own experience of fostering came with a lot of question marks. She didn't even really know why, aged seven, she was put into care. "My mother just said she couldn't cope," she said. "I didn't even know what cope meant." The programme was in part an examination of fostering today, focusing on the work of Lambeth social services, but it was also an investigation of Lorraine's own upbringing in the 1970s, like an episode of Who Do You Think You Are? that only goes back as far as the subject's own birth. There were still plenty of pieces missing from the jigsaw. Pascale was born Lorraine Victoria Brown in Hackney, to a West Indian woman who gave her up. She was fostered for the first 18 months of her life, then adopted by a white couple, Roger and Audrey, and raised in Oxfordshire. But Roger and Audrey divorced, and Audrey's coping problems began. It was clear that all this took place in an atmosphere where questions didn't get asked, much less answered. Even now, Pascale's discussions about the past with her aunt are circumspect – and fair enough, since her mother has dementia and was unable to participate. The record, however, speaks for itself. Looking over her old paperwork, Pascale learned that she'd been considered "at risk" from the age of three. Her mother – whose coping problem was primarily a drinking problem – was only too aware of the threat she posed to her children (Pascale has an older brother). "Mother is worried about pressure building up," read the report. "She feels she is likely to take it out on the adopted daughter." Her mother admitted hitting both children, but "knew she had been particularly heavy-handed with Lorraine". At one point she confessed to contemplating pushing her daughter under the wheels of a lorry. Pascale reacted to all this with a reserve that was no less affecting for her refusal to get emotional on camera. Like the other fostered children she met for the programme, she manages to combine steely self-control with obvious vulnerability. At the age of seven, Pascale had an unhappy – or unsettled, as she diplomatically put it – six-month foster placement with a missionary couple – just back from Uganda – who made her go to church every day. She was wary about going back to visit Stella and Warren, but they were a lovely old couple whose experiences in Uganda seemed, in those days, an ideal qualification for fostering a black child. "That was the impression I got," said Stella. If the programme tended to characterise fostering in the 1970s as well-meaning but inept, it also went some way to demonstrating how far we've come. Twelve-year-old Thomas, whom Pascale met in the company of his foster carer Audley, was able to put himself into care voluntarily in order to escape unspecified chaos at home. He was fostered three days before his birthday, and ended up celebrating it with Audley. "It was my first birthday that actually went to plan," he said, with transparent understatement. There were a couple of pieces of Lorraine's puzzle that at first didn't look as if they would slot into place. Her father Roger, we were told, was abroad and unable to participate, but he turned up, elderly,


What term is used for chains of repeated groups of atoms e.g. DNA, proteins?

In this group the side chain is an imine . This amino acid is found in bends due to its structure. Proline, Pro, P. Now you will need to use your imagination a bit. Keep in mind that these are real molecules in the real world with a 3-dimensional shape, not the 2-dimensional shape as they are drawn on the page. Try to imagine a pyramid with the central carbon hidden from view at the center of this pyramid. But branching out from this central carbon producing the four corners of the pyramid are the four things attached to the central carbon. One corner of the pyramid is the amino group (NH2), another corner of this pyramid is the acid group (COOH), another corner is the single hydrogen atom (H), and the fourth corner is the variable side group (commonly designated 'R-group'). That is how the amino acids really look in your body. Since there are four different things attached to the central carbon, this molecule is asymmetric. Imagine looking at an amino acid in the mirror. There is the central carbon with a group attached to it to the right, to the left, to the top, and to the bottom. The original amino acid and its mirror image are chemically the same, all the same pieces, but 3-dimensionally they are different, they have a different 3-dimensional arrangement of all the same atoms. It would be the same as looking at your left hand in the mirror. That image is just like your left hand, but if it were real it would not fit into a left hand glove. It is 3-dimensionally the opposite, even though it consists of all the same components. In nature, we will find both the 'right-hand' and 'left-hand' form of all these 20 amino acids. The term that is used to distinguish between whether we have the 'right-hand' form or the 'left-hand' form are the letters "D" and "L". For reasons that are not completely understood, all of the amino acids that are used by organisms to make proteins are of the "L" form. In other words, all the amino acids that you have making up all of your proteins are the "L" form, L-serine, L-proline, etc. It is also of interest to mention that there are several biologically important amino acids not found in human proteins. For example, the amino acids L-homoserine, L-ornithine and sarcosine are never used as part of a protein, but are found in our bodies as intermediate amino acids when converting one kind into another. Another important amino acid used in the human body, but not used directly for proteins is the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is used as a neurotransmitter between neurons. You will notice that the amino acid cysteine has a sulfur containing side group. Commonly if one cysteine becomes arranged across from another cysteine amino acid, the two cysteines will each lose a hydrogen atom from the sulfur and use these open bonds to covalently bond the two sulfur atoms and so covalently link the two cysteines together. In this form the amino acid is called cystine. So as a free amino acid it will be called cysteine since the sulfur will contain its hydrogen atom. However, when part of a protein chain, most likely the cysteine will link to another cysteine and now be called cystine. To be complete, we should also mention that there are four amino acids that can be found in proteins that are slightly modified from their original structure. These are phosphoserine (serine plus a phosphate group), hydroxyproline (proline plus a hydroxy group (OH)), hydroxylysine (lysine plus a hydroxy group), and carboxyglutamic acid (glutamic acid plus an additional acid group (COOH)). Protein Structure: Now that we have discussed in good detail amino acids, we can now start to talk about linking them together, one by one, into a linear chain, similiar to the cars of a train, as we mentioned at the very beginning of this page. Joining Amino Acids Together: Individual amino acids may be linked together, one after another, like cars of a train. The covalent bond that is used to attach one amino acid to the next is called a 'peptide bond'. All that is done is that an -OH group is removed


Which band was formed in 1981 by Roland Orzabal and Curt Smith?

Tears for Fears - Music on Google Play Tears for Fears About the artist Tears for Fears are an English pop/rock band formed in Bath, Somerset in 1981 by Roland Orzabal and Curt Smith. Founded after the dissolution of their first band, the mod-influenced Graduate, they were initially associated with the new wave synthesizer bands of the early 1980s but later branched out into mainstream rock and pop, which led to international chart success. They were part of the MTV-driven Second British Invasion of the US. Their platinum-selling debut album, The Hurting, reached number one on the UK Albums Chart, while their second album, Songs from the Big Chair, reached number one on the US Billboard 200, achieving multi-platinum status in both the UK and the US. Their second album contained two Billboard Hot 100 number ones: "Shout" and "Everybody Wants to Rule the World"', the latter winning the Brit Award for Best British Single in 1986. Smith and Orzabal parted company in 1991, after the release of their third platinum-selling album The Seeds of Love, though Orzabal retained the Tears for Fears name throughout the remainder of the 1990s. The duo re-formed in 2000 and released an album of new material, Everybody Loves a Happy Ending, in 2004. 1 $8.99 Everybody Loves a Happy Ending is the sixth studio album by the British pop rock/new wave band Tears for Fears, released on 14 September 2004 in the US, and 7 March 2005 in the UK and Europe. It wa... 1 1 $9.49 Raoul and the Kings of Spain is the fifth album by the British pop-rock band Tears for Fears. Like the previous album, Elemental, it is essentially a solo effort by Roland Orzabal—neither album bei... 1 1 $5.99 Elemental is the fourth album by the British pop band Tears for Fears. It was released on 7 June 1993 and includes the hit single "Break It Down Again". The album peaked at No. 5 in the UK and No. ... 1 1 $6.99 The Seeds of Love is the third album by the British band Tears for Fears, released in September 1989. The album, which reportedly cost over £1 million to produce, retained the band's epic sound whi... 1 Duran Duran 0 Duran Duran are an English new wave/synthpop band formed in Birmingham in 1978. The band grew from alternative sensations in 1982 to mainstream pop stars by 1984. By the end of the decade, membersh... 0 Simple Minds 0 Simple Minds are a Scottish rock band. They formed in Glasgow in 1977 and became the most commercially successful Scottish band of the 1980s. They achieved five UK number one albums during their ca... 0 Howard Jones 0 John Howard Jones is an English musician, singer, and songwriter. He had ten top 40 hit singles in the UK between 1983 and 1986, including six which reached the top ten, and his 1984 album Human's ... 0 Thompson Twins 0 Thompson Twins were a British music group that formed in April 1977. Initially a new wave group, they switched to a more mainstream pop sound and achieved considerable popularity in the mid-1980s, ... 0 Talk Talk 0 Talk Talk were an English new wave band, active from 1981 until their breakup in 1992. Their early hit singles include "Today", "Talk Talk", "It's My Life" and "Such a Shame". Although the band onl... 0 A Flock Of Seagulls 0 A Flock of Seagulls are an English new wave and synthpop band originally formed in 1980 in Liverpool by Michael "Mike" Score and his brother Alister "Ali" James Score; with their most famous line-u... 0 ABC 0 One of the most popular new wave bands of the early '80s, the British group ABC built upon the detached, synthesized R&B pop of David Bowie and Roxy Music, adding a self-conscious, campy sense of t... 0 Depeche Mode 0 Depeche Mode /dᵻˌpɛʃˈmoʊd/ are an English electronic band that formed in 1980 in Basildon, Essex. The group's original line-up consisted of Dave Gahan, Martin Gore, Andy Fletcher, and Vince Clarke.... 0 Spandau Ballet 0 Spandau Ballet /ˈspændaʊ ˈbæl.eɪ/ are an English band formed in London in 1979. The band were inspired by, and an integral part of, the New Romantic movement. They became one of the most successful... 0 The Human League 0 The Human League are


Which war ended with the treaty of Panmunjom?

SparkNotes: The Korean War (1950-1953): Eisenhower, War's End, and the Aftermath Eisenhower, War's End, and the Aftermath Eisenhower, War's End, and the Aftermath → The Long Path of Negotiations Eisenhower, War's End, and the Aftermath, page 2 page 1 of 2 Summary After taking office, Eisenhower soon replaced General James Van Fleet, who had started arguing for an all-out invasion, with Lt. General Maxwell Taylor. No immediate progress was made in the negotiations other than the exchange of a few prisoners in March of 1953. In order to show strength, the Communists made an attack on Americans at "Pork Chop Hill" in April. Eisenhower was unfazed, and by the end of April talks were once again underway  Panmunjom. On June 8, the two sides finally came to an agreement over the tricky POW (Prisoner of War) issue, outlining their solutions in a document call the "Terms of Reference." Under this agreement, those POWs that refused to return to Communist territory would be placed under the auspices of a neutral commission for a period of three months. If, after the end of those three months, the POWs still refused to be repatriated, they would be allowed to go free. With the POW issue solved, it seemed that a final peace treaty was in sight. After the "Terms of Reference", however, the Communists pressed for some final negotiating leverage with a one-week offensive in June. And on a second front, the US had to deal with the problem of Syngman Rhee, who continued to spout promises about Korean reunification, and who promised to invade North Korea even if he only had the ROK army on his side. The US considered organizing a coup to remove Rhee from power, but never carried the action out. Instead, the US convinced Rhee to stop shouting for reunification by promising to intervene on South Korea's behalf if North Korea ever did invade, and by promising $1 billion in aid for South Korea's economic recovery after the war. Despite these minor crises, agreement was finally reached at Panmunjom. On July 27, 1953, The UN, China, and North Korea signed an armistice. South Korea refused to sign, but with little effect. Under the terms of the treaty neither side would be allowed to increase the number of non-Korean military personnel stationed in Korea. The armistice also established a 2.5 mile wide buffer between North and South Korea along the 38th parallel, termed the "demilitarized zone." Within this zone, all troops and weapons were banished. In practice, however, the zone was heavily militarized, with over 1 million troops facing off. In fact, because South Korea never signed the armistice, the two countries remain technically at war even today. After the war, North Korea and South Korea remained divided, a symbol of the effect of the Cold War similar to the division of Germany and Berlin. Families were broken up by the war and lived on opposite sides of the demilitarized zone, unable to visit or even communicate with each other. Syngman Rhee's southern regime became even more dictatorial, and in 1960 he resigned after student riots. South Korea only became more unstable with his departure, and it is only in the last two decades that South Korea has really seen sustained economic growth. In North Korea, Kim Il-sung developed a full-scale personality cult, and ruled until his death in 1994. Tensions between the two countries remain to this day, perhaps seen best in North Korea's boycott of the 1988 Seoul Olympics, to which the USSR and PRC sent athletes.  The legacy of the Korean War continues to haunt the United States, as the US worries about North Korea's possession of nuclear weapons. Commentary Along with his vast military experience and easy-going attitude, part of Eisenhower's confidence in the spring of 1953 stemmed from the fact that the US had successfully tested an which was vastly more powerful than an A- Bomb, and had thereby surged ahead in the arms race with the USSR (the Soviets shocked the US by testing their own H-bomb in late 1953). Eisenhower considered n