Jah, Afrocentrism, Ital, Zion and Cannabis use are the main doctrines of which religious movement?

Rastafari movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rastafari movement This box: view  •  talk  •  edit The Rastafari movement (also known as Rastafarianism or simply Rasta) is a monotheistic , Abrahamic , new religious movement [1] that accepts Haile Selassie I , the former Emperor of Ethiopia , as the incarnation of God, called Jah [2] or Jah Rastafari. Haile Selassie is also seen as part of the Holy Trinity and as the returned messiah promised in the Bible. Other characteristics of Rastafari include the spiritual use of cannabis , [3] [4] rejection of western society (called " Babylon "), and various Afrocentric social and political aspirations, [3] [5] such as the teachings of Jamaican publicist, organizer, and black separatist Marcus Garvey (also often regarded as a prophet), whose political and cultural vision helped inspire Leonard Howell to develop the foundations of this new world view. The Rastafari movement predominantly emerged in Jamaica in the 20th century, and it proclaims Africa (also " Zion ") as the original place where the body of the first man was found, which established independency among blacks. The name Rastafari comes from Ras (literally "Head," an Ethiopian title equivalent to Duke ), and Tafari Makonnen, the pre-coronation name of Haile Selassie I. Rastafari is commonly called "Rastafarianism", but this term is considered derogatory and offensive by Rastas themselves. [6] Contents Rastafari are monotheists , worshiping one, singular, God whom they call Jah . Rastas see Jah as being in the form of the Holy Trinity , that is, God being the God the Father , God the Son and God the Holy Spirit . Rastas say that Jah, in the form of the Holy Spirit, lives within the human, and for this reason they often refer to themselves as "I and I". Rastas usually accept the Christian doctrine that God incarnated onto the Earth in the form of Jesus Christ , to give his teachings to humanity. However, they often feel his teachings were corrupted by Babylon . Many Rastas, in accordance with their assertion that "word, sound is power", also object specifically to the English pronunciation of his name (/dʒi:zəs/) as impure, preferring instead to use the forms in Hebrew (Yehoshuah) or Amharic ('Iyesus). Integral to the basic Rastafari world-view is that Jah, as the Messiah or Christ, was incarnated again, this time as the Ethiopian Emperor, Haile Selassie (Ras Tafari). A few Rastas also claim that Melchizedek , an Old Testament figure, was a previous incarnation of Jah.[ citation needed ] [ edit ] The Holy Trinity Rasta doctrines concerning the Holy Trinity are mostly related to the name Haile Selassie meaning Power of the Trinity in Ge'ez , but the exact significance of this tends to vary. Many Rastas claim that Haile Selassie I represents God the Father and God the Son/Yahoshua/Jesus and the Holy Trinity, while all human beings potentially embody the Holy Spirit . An 18th century Ethiopian image of Jesus [ edit ] Jesus Christ Most Rastas agree, as do the majority of Christians, that Jesus Christ is an incarnation of God on Earth. They consider that Jesus gave Jah's teachings to humanity, but they were distorted by Babylon . For this reason, it was prophesied in the Book of Revelation that Jesus would return. Rastas hold that this was fulfilled when Haile Selassie was born, whom they see as a reincarnation of Jesus, and therefore Jah, onto the Earth . Rastas say that Jesus was black , and that white society (or Babylon) has commonly depicted him as white for centuries in order to suppress the truth and gain dominion over all peoples. Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia , considered by Rastas to be the incarnation of Jesus Christ . Haile Selassie (1892-1975) was the emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. Rastas claim that he was the reincarnation of Jesus Christ and therefore an incarnation of Jah onto the Earth. They also claim that he will lead the righteous into creating a perfect world, called " Zion ". Zion would be the ultimate paradise for Rastafarians. Rastas say that Selassie's coming was prophesied in the


During World War 2, what did the Local Defence Volunteers later became known as?

Home Guard - History Learning Site Home Guard Citation: C N Trueman "Home Guard" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 20 Apr 2015. 16 Aug 2016. The Home Guard was originally known as the Local Defence Volunteers (LDV). This was considered too much of a title and it became the Home Guard, though the nickname ‘Look, Duck and Vanish’ did stick – rather unfairly as the work done by the HOme Guard was very important.   The Home Guard had a number of purposes. They made those in it feel as if they were doing something constructive in the war effort. The Home Guard was not simply for older men past conscription age. Those young enough to be conscripted but who did not pass the military’s medicals could join the Home Guard. Men between 17 and 65 years could join it. The government had expected 150,000 volunteers in total but within 24 hours of Anthony Eden’s radio broadcast, 250,000 had joined. By August 1940, over 1.5 million men had volunteered. On May 14th, the Minister of War, Anthony Eden, made the following national announcement: “We want large numbers of men in Great Britain who are British subjects between the ages of 17 and 65 to come forward now and offer their service in order to make assurance doubly sure. The name of the new force which is now to be raised will be the Local Defence Volunteers.” The authorities were completely unprepared for the number that did respond. Within 6 weeks of the announcement by Eden, ten times more men had volunteered than the War Office had expected in total. To begin there were simply not enough official forms for men to apply – local police simply resorted to making a list of names. With such a response, the War Office was faced with a number of problems. The primary ones were supplying sufficient uniforms for so many volunteers and the necessary weapons if Britain was to be properly defended. All available weaponry had, understandably, been handed to the regular military and a vast amount was to be lost by the BEF at Dunkirk. The Home Guard was ordered to find whatever it could to defend itself and occasionally men in the Home Guard were referred to as the ‘Broomstick Army’, the result of being seen drilling with broomsticks. Even six weeks after Eden’s broadcast, there was only one rifle to every six men in the Home Guard. When rifles did arrive, they were American P17’s and P14’s from World War One. They trained in the evening in such things as weapons handling, unarmed combat and basic sabotage. However, complaints were made that too much time was spent on drill as opposed to learning about proper soldiering. Despite Churchill’s demand that the Home Guard be issued with proper weapons, the War Office issued 250,000 pikes – bayonets welded onto metal poles. Local Home Guard commanders initially received little guidance from the War Office as to training and it was left to them to develop their own tactics that were relevant to their own locality. However, with little professional support, a man in the Home Guard was four times as likely to die in an accident during training than a regular soldier. However, training in the Home Guard was transformed in July 1940 by a veteran of World War One and the Spanish Civil War, Tom Wintringham. During the Spanish Civil War, Wintringham had developed an expertise in guerilla fighting. Using various contacts, Wintringham set up the first guerilla warfare school at Osterley Park to the west of London. Hundreds of Home Guard volunteers turned up. At Osterley Park, these volunteers were taught how to fight an enemy. Most of Wintringham’s teachers were veterans of the Spanish Civil War including Basques who specialised in explosives. Training in guerilla warfare for the Home Guard volunteers started within 20 minutes of arrival and in the first three months Wintringham and his men had trained 5,000 volunteers. They were simply taught what they needed to know. The fame of Osterley Park was such that journalists from America did reports on it. However, Wintringham never received the full support of the government as he had fought for


In 1991, a spoof Nobel Prize, called The Ig Nobel Prize, for achievements that cannot or should not be repeated was instigated by which US university?

(Letter from skylight, Opposing Viewpoint) Does Hu Jia deserve the Nobel Peace Prize? | Hidden Harmonies China Blog Hidden Harmonies China Blog Uncategorized Nobel peace prize Hu Jia Guest Six chinese has recieved the Nobel Prize (seven if you include Dalai Lama). This year there is some speculation that the Nobel Peace Prize may be awarded to a Russian or a Chinese. According to the director of a Norwegian peace institute, Stein Tonneson, the chinese environmental activist Hu Jia is a top Chinese contender. The Nobel peace prize committee is made up of former Norwegian parliamentarians and is supposed to be independent of the government or party politics. Although it has managed its impartiality sucessfully, it has at times, been influenced by politics or pressure from powerful nations. For instance, Gandhi, the non-violent Indian independence fighter was strangely never awarded the peace prize, apparently due to fear of British displeasure at the time. Chinese winners of the Nobel prize: * Tsung-Dao Lee, Physics, 1957 – Chinese American * Edmond H. Fischer, Physiology or Medicine, 1992 -Swiss-American(born in China) * Daniel C. Tsui*, Physics, 1998 – Chinese American * Gao Xingjian, Literature, 2000 – French Emigre * Chen Ning Yang, Physics, 1957 – Chinese American – See Photo Above * Samuel C.C. Ting, Physics, 1976 – Michigan-born Chinese American (* Dalai Lama, Peace, 1989 – Tibetan-born residing in India) Asians winners of the Nobel Peace Prize: * Sato, Eisaku – 1974 – former Prime Minister of Japan * Mother Teresa – 1979 – Indian citizen * Aung San Suu Kyi – 1991 – Burmese opposition leader * Belo, Carlos Filipe Ximenes, Ramos-Horta, José – 1996 – East Timor * Kim Dae Jung – 2000 – Republic of Korea * Muhammad Yunus – 2006 – Bangladesh Hu Jia is a 35 year old Beijinger who has worked for humanitarian, environmental and Hiv/AIDS issues since the early 1990’s. He addressed the European Parliament on November 26th, 2007 using his web-camera while under house arrest since spring 2006. In his testimony to the European parliament he said: “It is ironic that one of the people in charge of organizing the Olympic Games is the head of the Bureau of Public Security, which is responsible for so many human rights violations. It is very serious that the official promises are not being kept before the games.” Only one month later, on December 27th he was arrested at his home accused of “subverting state authority”. On April 4th, 2008, he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison on a charge of “inciting subversion of state authority” for posting articles about the human rights situation in the run-up to the Olympic Games on overseas Chinese websites. Post navigation September 28, 2008 at 3:51 pm I do not know who the other contenders are, and I think that many of the Nobel prizes have become a somewhat debased coinage, but if the question is “should we approve of Hu Jia’s actions?” My answer is a whole-hearted “YES”. wukong says: September 28, 2008 at 4:11 pm It would be laughable to say Hu Jia has contributed much or any to world peace. But Nobel Peace Prize isn’t about world peace, it’s very much a political award. So if those former Norwegian parliamentarians (and western politicians in large) feel a particular need this year to sick it to the China “regime”, Hu Jia will fit the bill nicely. No, the Nobel Peace Prize should be given to the CCP, for overcoming incredible near-insurmountable odds to maintain a harmonious society in the face of domestic and foreign opposition and sabotage. You think I’m joking? S.K. Cheung says: September 28, 2008 at 4:50 pm I am not familiar with Hu’s exploits, and have no idea if he’s deserving. But if he wins, would he be the first to receive the award while incarcerated? That would represent a historic “first”…the CCP should be able to get some PR mileage out of that one. S.K. Cheung says: that’s a good one. sophie says: http://www.anti-cnn.com/forum/cn/thread-39512-1-4.html 1. a letter that Hu Jia wrote to the German Chancellor Merkel. In the letter he seems representing ‘hundreds


Which US state is known as the ‘Beef State’?

Alabama Meatloaf Yes, Alabama, I know you have barbecue. And your Gulf Coast seafood is absolutely divine. But the meat dish that best embodies the Yellowhammer State is meatloaf. There are two reasons for this. One: Alabama meatloaf is practically the meatiest meat dish ever, containing ground beef, ground pork, smoked ham, and bacon. (I salute your commitment to the American way, Alabama!) Two: Meatloaf is the best thing to get at a meat-and-three restaurant—one of those places that serves you a meat dish accompanied by three sides of your choice—for a classic Southern stick-to-your ribs dinner. Alaska Caribou I understand that many Alaskans would like to forget about the existence of Sarah Palin. But I cannot forget the scene in Sarah Palin’s Alaska in which the former vice presidential candidate shot and skinned a caribou for its meat . The northernmost state is home to about 750,000 wild caribou , and about 22,000 are killed each year . “Caribou is known for being lean and healthy, and above all, very delicious!” enthuses Alaskan meat vendor American Pride Foods , from which curious carnivores can order caribou steaks, sausage, stew meat, burgers, and meat sticks. Arizona Carne asada Skirt (or flank) steak marinated with garlic, jalapeños, and lime juice and then grilled, carne asada can be served in tacos, burritos, nachos, or quesadillas, or on top of fries. And though it’s served throughout the American Southwest, few take it as seriously as Arizonans: Phoenix’s alternative weekly names a “ best carne asada ” every year. That kind of dedication to excellence is what earns you a meat on Slate’s United Steaks of America map. Arkansas Rabbit Pel-Freez Foods, “ America’s oldest and largest producer of domestic rabbit ,” proudly calls Rogers, Ark., home. (Pel-Freez also has a branch that sells rabbit tissue to research laboratories.) Get Pel-Freez’s free book of rabbit recipes here ! California Tofu It’s a well-known fact that Californians don’t eat meat, just tofu and kale. And to include kale on a list of state meats would just be ridiculous. Colorado Mutton Colorado is the most concentrated lamb feeding state in the country . So why assign it mutton (the meat of an older sheep) instead of lamb? Because mutton is tough and strong, just like Coloradans. (Also, I wanted an excuse to mention that Colorado is the birthplace of “ mutton busting ,” a rodeo sport in which children cling to the backs of sheep for as long as possible, and one of the most creative uses of animals on this map.) Connecticut Hamburger Several states lay claim to the first hamburger, but only one state has the backing of the Library of Congress . Louis Lassen, the owner of Louis’ Lunch in New Haven, slapped some beef scraps on a bun in 1895 and altered the course of American history. Louis’ Lunch is still in business, still serves hamburgers, and claims that “Cheese, tomato, and onion are the only acceptable garnish.” Connecticut 1, stunt burgers 0. Delaware Scrapple Delaware, a coastal statelet that Amtrak trains pass through en route from New York to D.C., is a leading manufacturer of scrapple, a loaf made of “ pork stock, pork livers, pork fat, pork snouts, corn meal, pork hearts, wheat flour, salt, [and] spices .” You do you, Delaware. Florida Alligator Is the alligator a mammal? No, it is not. But is Florida a normal state? No, it is not . Florida is home to dozens of licensed alligator meat processors , and they can give you a recipe for every occasion. (Try Patty’s Gator Piquante for a dish with as much bite as the reptile it came from!) Georgia Ham hocks It’s technically a joint in a pig’s lower leg, but the ham hock is the heart of soul food. Without it, Southern-style beans and collard greens wouldn’t taste nearly as good. And Georgians have been eating hocks and other porcine trimmings—jowls, maws, feet—long before the snout-to-tail approach came to Brooklyn. Hawaii Spam Hawaiians eat more Spam per capita than residents of any other state. Hormel’s signature canned meat is served in breakfast platters, as sushi, in bánh mì, in stir-fri


Anime is film animation originating in which country?

Anime / Manga | Know Your Meme Know Your Meme Dancing Brazilian Dog Inspires Remixes Also Trending: Updated Apr 05, 2016 at 06:15AM EDT by Triple Zed . Added Apr 25, 2012 at 03:55PM EDT by Herobrine . Like us on Facebook! PROTIP: Press 'i' to view the image gallery, 'v' to view the video gallery, or 'r' to view a random entry. This submission is currently being researched & evaluated! You can help confirm this entry by contributing facts, media, and other evidence of notability and mutation. Status Work is currently being made on this entry, if you would like to help out please request editorship. About Anime is the Japanese abbreviated pronunciation of “animation”, and Manga is a Japanese term used to refer to any comic. In English-speaking countries, anime refers to a style of animation originating in Japan, characterized by colorful graphics and often featuring themes intended for an adult audience, and manga it has been mainly associated to the comics made in Japan, and the style they often use. The intended meaning of the word ‘anime’ sometimes varies, depending on the context. History Manga Although manga can be tracked on 18th century, modern manga was born during United States’ occupation on Japan after WWII. Anime Anime first began in the early 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques also pioneered in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia. The oldest known anime in existence first screened in 1917 – a two-minute clip of a samurai trying to test a new sword on his target, only to suffer defeat. After the success of the Disney corporations “Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs” in 1937, many Japanese animators were heavily inspired by it, and adopted many of it’s styles while developing their own. In the 1960s, manga artist and animator Osamu Tezuka, often heralded as one of the grandfathers of the industry due to his work on series such as Astro Boy and Kimba The White Lion, adapted many Disney animation techniques to help reduce costs and limit the number of frames in productions. The first ever anime tv series to air in Japan was Otogi Manga Calendar, and aired from 1961 to 1964 In The West Anime did not start to get popular in the west until the late 1980s/early 1990s, after the airing of the cult film Akira . Despite the film receiving a limited release in the U.S., due to the perceived lack of marketability, it became popular within many circles, and is considered the staple for anime in the west. As well as Akira, many works by Studio Ghibli often received success within the west, due to backing by Disney. However, anime did not truly start to become popular until the airing of Cowboy Bebop on Adult Swim starting on September 2, 2001. The show became a breakout success, and helped lead to other anime airing on TV in America, and getting a popular western fandom, such as Fullmetal Alchemist , Soul Eater , Sword Art Online and Attack on Titan . Online Relevance Anime and manga have a long history online, spanning across numerous websites and communities. Online streaming services have developed into the primary source for many anime fans, with many websites being created in order to host fan-subbed anime. As well as this, a number of legal anime websites have also developed, offering users a way to watch officially licensed anime, most notably Crunchyroll [1] and FUNimation [2] . A number of online forums dedicated to anime have also developed over the years, such as Anime News Network [3] , an online Anime and Japanese media news site, and My Anime List, a forum dedicated to anime and manga [4] . A number of other websites also have their own dedicated anime boards, such as 4Chan’s /a/ board [5] and r/Anime [6] Fandom


Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones Home   Time Zones   Time Zone News   Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones Published 23-Mar-2010. Changed 4-May-2010 Update: Russia will most likely make a final decision on time zone changes in the fall (autumn) of 2010, First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov announced on Friday, April 30, 2010. There are currently three time zones in the Russian Far East, and the presidential envoy to the federal district, Viktor Ishayev, believed that one more should be dropped. More locations will follow the time in Kremlin, Moscow, starting March 28, 2010. More locations will follow the time in Kremlin More locations will follow the time in Kremlin, Moscow, starting March 28, 2010. ©iStockphoto.com/Mordolff Starting Sunday March 28, 2010, Russia will have nine time zones instead of 11. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin recently signed decrees to abolish the time zones of four Russian regions. Getting Closer to Moscow Of the four affected regions, the Samara Oblast and the Udmurt Republic will now be in the same time zone as Moscow (UTC+3). These two regions are currently the only federal subjects in Russia in the Moscow+1 time zone (UTC+4).  The two other regions, the Kamchatka Krai and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, which are the easternmost regions in Russia, will join the time zone of the Magadan Oblast (UTC+11). The time difference of these two regions with Moscow will now be eight hours (Moscow+8) instead of nine hours. The decrees will come in effect on March 28, at 2am (02:00) local time. While most Russian regions will take their clocks one hour forward for the Daylight Saving Time (DST), the four regions will not adjust for the DST. This will enable them to reduce their time difference with Moscow and change time zones. President Calls for Fewer Time Zones Russian President Dmitry Medvedev suggested reducing the number of time zones across Russia in November 2009. Speaking to the Federal Assembly last year, Medvedev said time zone differences across Russia have a negative impact on the country’s efficiency and require the use of expensive technology. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin signed three decrees (number 166 for the Udmurt Republic, number 170 for the Samara Oblast and number 171 for the Kamchatka and Chukotka regions) between March 20 and 22 to enact the change in the four regions. The Russian ministry of industry and trade prepared the decrees, following the application of local parliaments to change their time zones. A Mixed Reaction Explanatory notes accompanying the decrees stated that most residents of the four affected regions welcomed the change, RIA Novosti reported. However, some Samara residents announced this week they plan to protest the decision. A demonstration against the time zone change in Samara is scheduled on March 27, although the local government says the dissenting voices are a minority. Advocates of the change say the reduction of time zones will help Russia’s regions to better coordinate their business and political activities with the rest of the country. According to the governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Roman Kopin, the time zone change will enable his region to work more effectively with neighboring regions as well as Moscow. “The shift in the time zone will broaden the opportunities for the Chuktoka population to receive information from federal TV channels and will make educational TV programs more accessible to our students, which is very important given the informational isolation of our area”, Kopin said. Another Russian region, the Kemerovo Oblast, will also change its time zone on March 28. The Russian government made the decision to change the Kemerovo Oblast’s time zone in September 2009 but postponed its implementation until this year. Russia currently has 11 time zones, from the Kaliningrad Oblast, a Baltic enclave in the west, to the Kamchatka Krai in the Far East. When the easternmost regions move to the Magadan time zone, their time difference with Kaliningrad will be reduced to nine


Which country has the internet domain ‘.ch’?

The Straight Dope: Why is "CH" the abbreviation for Switzerland? A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Why is "CH" the abbreviation for Switzerland? February 3, 2004 Dear Straight Dope: Why is "CH" the ISO abbreviation for Switzerland, as seen in Internet domain names (.ch) and the "country" stickers on European cars? "CH" fits none of the languages of Switzerland. — Joe Joe, have you forgotten so soon that staple of high school Latin classes, the first book of Gaius Julius Caesar's De Bello Gallico (The Gallic Wars)? See if the following rings a bell: ". . . quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur: una ex parte flumine Rheno latissimo atque altissimo, qui agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit; altera ex parte monte Iura altissimo, qui est inter Sequanos et Helvetios; tertia lacu Lemanno et flumine Rhodano, qui provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis dividit." For those less versed in the classics I'll translate: ". . . because the Helvetii are confined on every side by the nature of the place; on one side by the Rhine, a very broad and deep river, which separates the Helvetian territory from the Germans; on a second side by the Jura, a very high mountain, which is [situated] between the Sequani and the Helvetii; on a third by the Lac Léman [Lake Geneva to Americans], and by the river Rhone, which separates our province from the Helvetii." Pulling out our trusty National Geographic atlas, we see that the area between the Rhine, the Rhone, the Jura Mountains and Lake Geneva is occupied by the political entity known as (drumroll) Switzerland. From Caesar we know that the people living in that area were known to the Romans as the Helvetians or Helvetii. Maybe you see where I'm headed with this. Bear with me, I'm on a roll. The reason Caesar wrote about the Helvetians is that they decided to migrate en masse to Gaul (present-day France), either because the barbarians from the north (present-day Germany) were encroaching on their territory or because they thought France would be easy pickings. In any case the Helvetians were determined - Caesar says they burned their villages before starting their long march. The Romans, however, didn't like the idea of hundreds of thousands people on the move close to their territory and forcefully asked them to stay put, which request culminated in the famous (to the Swiss) battle of Bibracte (58 BC) in which the courageous Helvetians were defeated by the dastardly Romans and sent back to their original dwelling place. Many centuries of Swiss history will now be skipped. In 1848 the Swiss, following the religious civil war of the Sonderbund pitting Catholics against Protestants, wrote a new constitution and had to pick an official name for the country. As you point out, the Swiss are multilingual (having three official languages - German, French and Italian - and four national languages, the aforementioned three plus Romansh AKA Rhaeto-Romanic). To keep everyone happy, the official name for the country was chosen in a neutral language, Latin, using the old Roman name for the country's people. The confederation of the Helvetians is thus known as Confoederatio Helvetica or CH for short. On Swiss stamps and coins you'll see either the full name or the abbreviation Helvetia. On the 50 centime, 1 franc and 2 franc coins you can admire a majestic lady standing dressed in robes, carrying a shield and a spear - she's the Swiss "mascot" if you will, named Helvetia. A close-up of her head is on the 5, 10 and 20 centime coins. The name also survives in the typeface Helvetica, created by the Swiss type foundry Haas in the 1950s and since ripped off by Microsoft and renamed Arial. Apple Computers has their own knockoff of the Helvetica font, appropriately named Geneva. One may ask: If the Swiss officially call themselves the Helvetians, why do English speakers call them the Swiss? Because Schwyz was the name of one of the earliest Swiss cantons, and the common name of the country is Switzerland, or in the Swiss languages, Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera or Svizra. Links of interest: h


Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?

William Herschel | Article about William Herschel by The Free Dictionary William Herschel | Article about William Herschel by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/William+Herschel Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Herschel, William   (originally Friedrich Wilhelm). Born Nov. 15, 1738, in Hanover; died Aug. 25, 1822, at Slough, near London. British astronomer and optician. Member of the London Royal Society (from 1781) and honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1789). The son of a regimental musician, Herschel was educated at home (music and languages). In 1757 he moved to England, where he became known as a musician, composer, and music teacher. Herschel, who studied astronomy on his own, made hundreds of mirrors for telescopes. Between 1786 and 1789 he built his largest, 40-ft (12-m) reflector with a mirror diameter of 122 cm, for the first time making effective use of a single-mirror scheme (Herschelian telescope). He began observations of the sky in 1773. Among his discoveries were the planet Uranus (Mar. 13, 1781), two satellites of Uranus (1787), their retrograde motion (1797), and two satellites of Saturn (1789); he also measured the period of rotation of Saturn and its rings (1790). He discovered the movement of the solar system through space. In the mid-1770’s he began a series of surveys of the stellar sky by his “scoop method” (counts of stars in selected areas). As a result, Herschel for the first time outlined the general form of our galaxy, estimating its dimensions and inferring that it was isolated in space as one of the stellar “islands” in the universe. Herschel interpreted the compact stellar condensations as actual clusters of stars. This work by Herschel marked the beginning of stellar statistics. Herschel discovered the existence of binary stars (1803) and compiled three catalogs of double stars. One of his greatest contributions was the discovery of more than 2,500 new nebulas and star clusters (1786, 1789, and 1802). Herschel noted 182 double and multiple nebulas and guessed at the physical connection of their components. He ascertained for the first time (1784) a pattern of distribution of nebulas—their tendency to cluster in layers; the “stratum in Coma Berenices” that he singled out makes up a sizable part of the equatorial zone of the Vaucouleurs Supergalaxy (discovered in 1953). Herschel substantiated (1791) the existence of “true” nebulas—from rarefied self-luminous matter—and advanced the nebular stellar-cosmogonic hypothesis of the condensation of stars and their clusters from diffuse matter, developing it (1802 and 1811) into a conception of the evolution of cosmic matter. Herschel was one of the first to begin the study of the solar and stellar spectra and in 1800 discovered infrared rays in the solar spectrum. Herschel was assisted in designing and making telescopes by his younger brother, Alexander, a talented mechanic; later he was assisted by his son, J. Herschel. Herschel received a great deal of help in his observations from his younger sister, Caroline Herschel (1750-1848), one of the few women astronomers. WORKS


What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?

SparkNotes: Treasure Island: Plot Overview Treasure Island Context Character List Jim Hawkins is a young boy who lives at his parents’ inn, the Admiral Benbow, near Bristol, England, in the eighteenth century. An old sea captain named Billy Bones dies in the inn after being presented with a black spot, or official pirate verdict of guilt or judgment. Jim is stirred to action by the spot and its mysterious, accurate portent of Billy’s death. Hastily, Jim and his mother unlock Billy’s sea chest, finding a logbook and map inside. Hearing steps outside, they leave with the documents before Billy’s pursuers ransack the inn. Jim realizes that the contents he has snatched from the sea chest must be valuable, so he takes one of the documents he has found to some local acquaintances, Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney. Excited, they recognize it as a map for a huge treasure that the infamous pirate Captain Flint has buried on a distant island. Trelawney immediately starts planning an expedition. Naïve in his negotiations to outfit his ship, the Hispaniola, Trelawney is tricked into hiring one of Flint’s former mates, Long John Silver, and many of Flint’s crew. Only the captain, Smollett, is trustworthy. The ship sets sail for Treasure Island with nothing amiss, until Jim overhears Silver’s plans for mutiny. Jim tells the captain about Silver and the rest of the rebellious crew. Landing at the island, Captain Smollett devises a plan to get most of the mutineers off the ship, allowing them leisure time on shore. On a whim, Jim sneaks into the pirates’ boat and goes ashore with them. Frightened of the pirates, Jim runs off alone. From a hiding place, he witnesses Silver’s murder of a sailor who refuses to join the mutiny. Jim flees deeper into the heart of the island, where he encounters a half-crazed man named Ben Gunn. Ben had once served in Flint’s crew but was marooned on the island years earlier. Meanwhile, Smollett and his men have gone ashore and taken shelter in a stockade the pirates have built. Jim returns to the stockade, bringing Ben with him. Silver visits and attempts a negotiation with the captain, but the captain is wary and refuses to speak to him. The pirates attack the stockade the next day, and the captain is wounded. Eager to take action, Jim follows another whim and deserts his mates, sneaking off to hunt for Ben’s handmade boat hidden in the woods. After finding Ben’s boat, Jim sails out to the anchored ship with the intention of cutting it adrift, thereby depriving the pirates of a means of escape. He cuts the rope, but he realizes his small boat has drifted near the pirates’ camp and fears he will be discovered. By chance, the pirates do not spot Jim, and he floats around the island until he catches sight of the ship drifting wildly. Struggling aboard, he discovers that one of the watchmen, Israel Hands, has killed the other watchman in a drunken fit. Jim takes control of the ship, but Israel turns against him. Jim is wounded but kills Israel. Jim returns to the stockade but finds it occupied by the pirates. Silver takes Jim hostage, telling the boy that the captain has given the pirates the treasure map, provisions, and the use of the stockade in exchange for their lives. Jim realizes, however, that Silver is having trouble managing his men, who accuse him of treachery. Silver proposes to Jim that they help each other survive by pretending Jim is a hostage. However, the men present Silver with a black spot and inform him that he has been deposed as their commander. In a desperate attempt to gain control of his crew, Silver shows them the treasure map to appease them. Silver leads Jim and the men to the treasure site, but they are shocked to find it already excavated and the treasure removed. The men are angered and near mutiny again. At that moment Dr. Livesey, Ben Gunn, and the others fire on the pirate band, which scatters throughout the island. Jim and Silver flee, and are guided by the others to Ben’s cave, where Ben has hidden the treasure, which he had discovered months before. After spending three days


Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?

Joseph Lyons | National Museum of Australia Prime Minister from 6 January 1932 to 7 April 1939 Right Hon. Joseph Lyons. Photo: National Library of Australia, nla.pic-an23311073. Joe Lyons was the Premier of Tasmania before entering federal parliament. He was one of our longest serving Prime Ministers and co-founded the United Australia Party, which held government from 1931 through to 1941. Lyons died while still in office in 1939, and his wife entered federal politics herself. She was the first woman elected to the House of Representatives and the first female member of a federal ministry. Beginnings Joseph Aloysius Lyons was born in Stanley, Tasmania, on 15 September 1879. He was known as Joe. He was the fourth of eight children born to Michael Lyons and Ellen Carroll, both of whose parents were Irish immigrants. Joe's father Michael failed in a series of enterprises - as hotel keeper, farmer, butcher and baker - before losing his family's savings on the 1887 Melbourne Cup. He suffered a nervous breakdown and was unable to support his family. Joe attended a Catholic convent school in Ulverstone, but from the age of nine he had to help support his family by working variously as an errand boy, a printer's assistant and a farm labourer. When he was 12 he moved back to Stanley to live with his mother's sisters, Hetty and Mary Carroll, and to attend the local government school full time. He became a pupil-teacher in 1895, finally qualifying as a teacher in 1901. He taught in small schools in the north west of Tasmania until 1907, when he won a studentship at Tasmania's first teachers' college in Hobart. After graduating he taught in Launceston and Hobart. Joe Lyons was influenced by the Irish radicalism of his mother and aunts and, after being involved in debating while a junior teacher, he joined the Workers' Political League, which was the forerunner of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in Tasmania. He was very critical of people with large landholding interests and was in frequent conflict with his employer, the Tasmanian Education Department, for his political activities. Lyons resigned from the teaching service in 1909 to contest the seat of Wilmot in the state Legislative Assembly. He was horsewhipped during the campaign by a large landowner he had criticised. Once elected, he promoted a series of progressive reforms, including free medical treatment and education for children, a state medical scheme, reform of the Legislative Council, aid to farmers, factory legislation and the breaking up of large estates. In 1912 Lyons was elected president of the state ALP branch. In 1914 he became deputy leader of the parliamentary ALP. From April 1914 to April 1916 he served as Treasurer, Minister for Education and Minister for Railways in John Earle's ALP government. During this period he reformed the Education Department, abolished school fees, improved teachers' conditions and pay, and had Tasmania's first high schools built in Hobart and Launceston. The Easter Uprising in Dublin in 1916 reawakened his sense of Irish nationalism; he became vice-president of the Hobart United Irish League that year. Lyons opposed conscription and campaigned strongly for the 'No' vote in the conscription referenda in 1916 and 1917. When the ALP split over conscription in November 1916, Earle resigned as parliamentary party leader in Tasmania and Lyons was elected to replace him. He spent almost seven years as state opposition leader from 1916 to 1923. Lyons stood unsuccessfully as the ALP candidate for the federal seat of Darwin (in Tasmania) at the general election on December 1919. He became Premier of Tasmania on 25 October 1923 when the Nationalist government of Walter Lee fell after several Nationalists deserted the party. Lyons was appointed Premier at the head of a minority ALP government. As well as being Premier he took the Treasury and Railways portfolios. He remained Treasurer for the five and a half years he was Premier. Lyons' state ALP government survived through judicious management of the state economy. His consensual approach wo


The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?

55 Celebrities Whose Real Names Will Surprise You | Thought Catalog 55 Celebrities Whose Real Names Will Surprise You Submit Cancel You might not have ever heard of “Maurice Micklewhite,” “Olivia Jane Cockburn” or “Diane Hall” — but you’ve certainly heard of the actors who were born with these names. When the Hollywood system started, people commonly took simplified versions of their names to make them easier for people to say. Doris Day is much simpler than “Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff” and Clayton Holmes Grissom picked “Clay Aiken” when signing up for American Idol — because it was just more memorable. Or if you’re Albert Brooks, there’s no fucking possible way you can use your real name — because…well, you’ll see. Here are 55 people whose real names might surprise you. 1. Katy Perry Real Name: Katy Hudson The singer changed her name to avoid confusion with that other Hudson she shares a name with: Kate Hudson. 2. Demi Moore Her exes were born as “Walter Willis” and “Christopher Kutcher.” 3. Albert Brooks The reason for the name change should be pretty obvious. 4. Meg Ryan Real Name: Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra Is it just me or is her real name close to being a Fiona Apple album title? 5. Natalie Wood Real Name: Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko Born to Russian immigration parents, the young actress changed it to blend into the Hollywood times, like the Swedish Greta Lovisa Gustafsson, better known as Greta Garbo. 6. Woody Allen Come to think of it, Allen doesn’t sound very Jewish, does it? 7. Louis C.K. Real Name: Louis Szekely Louis C.K.’s stage name is barely such. It’s just an easier way to say his actual last name, which is pronounced “See-kay.” 8. Joaquin Phoenix Real Name: Joaquin Rafael Bottom If he were gay, that last name would be perfection. 9. Garrison Keillor Real Name: Gary Edward Keillor See? Even NPR personalities use stage names. 10. Chevy Chase Real Name: Cornelius Crane Chase The actor got his name from the traditional English song “The Ballad of Chevy Chase,” which (unfortunately) was not about an old racist who is difficult to work with and derails brilliant shows. 11. Tina Fey Real Name: Elizabeth Stamatina Fey Like her 30 Rock character, Tina Fey’s real first name is “Liz.” 12. Ben Kingsley Real Name: Krishna Pandit Bhanji Like Barack Obama, Kingsley was born to a white mother and Kenyan father — of Indian Muslim descent. 13. Olivia Wilde Real Name: Olivia Jane Cockburn My last name rhymes with another word for a penis, which made Middle School rough. Olivia Cockburn, I’m here for you, if ever you need to talk. 14. Alan Alda Real Name: Alphonso d’Abruzzo Alda’s last name was concocted by putting together the first two letters of his first and last name. AL + DA = Alda. 15. Portia De Rossi Real Name: Amanda Lee Rogers I guess she figured that “Portia de Rossi” had more zest to it than “Amanda Rogers.” She was probably right. 16. Diane Keaton In real life, she shares a last name with her most famous character, Annie Hall. 17. Michael Caine Michael Caine named himself after Humphrey Bogart’s character in “The Caine Mutiny.” 18. Larry King Real Name: Lawrence Harvey Zeigler King was born to an Austrian father and mother from Belarus, both of whom were Orthodox Jews living in New York in the 1930s. All of this sounds like the set up to a Woody Allen bit. 19. George Michael Real Name: Georgios Panayiotou He should have just changed his name to “Glory Hole.” At least it’s truth in advertising. 20. Whoopi Goldberg Real Name: Caryn Johnson Her stage name was concocted from her ability to fart a lot. (If you’ve seen her 1 in 3 commercials, you know she’s made quite the weird career out of bodily functions.) Her mother advised her to take a Jewish last name, arguing that it would help her career if people thought she was Jewish. 21. Hulk Hogan Real Name: Terry Jean Bollette If I wanted to scare someone, I’d tell them my name was Hulk, too. 22. Bea Arthur Real Name: Her co-star, Rue McClanahan, was born with the first name of “Eddi-Rue.” 23. Rock Hudson Real Name: Leroy Harold Scherer, Jr. Either way, he was sti


Dog Watch - phrase meaning and origin Dog Watch Posted by Bruce Kahl on August 14, 2000 In Reply to: Naval language posted by Janet Agar on August 14, 2000 : Origin of naval phrase "dog watch" please Dogwatch A dogwatch at sea is the period between 4 and 6 p.m, the first dogwatch, or the period between 6 and 8 p.m., the second dog watch. The watches aboard ships are: Noon to 4:00 p.m. Afternoon watch 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. First dogwatch 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Second dogwatch 8:00 p.m. to midnight 1st night watch Midnight to 4:00 a.m. Middle watch or mid watch 4:00 to 8:00 a.m. Morning watch 8:00 a.m. to noon Forenoon watch The dogwatches are only two hours each so the same Sailors aren't always on duty at the same time each afternoon. Some experts say dogwatch is a corruption of dodge watch and others associate dogwatch with the fitful sleep of Sailors called dog sleep, because it is a stressful watch. But no one really knows the origin of this term, which was in use at least back to 1700.


#question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in - Pastebin.com raw get clone embed report print text 2.69 KB #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles #question=The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield #question=In British currency slang, how much is a ‘lady’ worth?#answer=Five pounds #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it ‘The Biggest Little City in the World’?#answer=Reno #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film ‘Goldeneye’?#answer=Alec Trevelyan #question=‘Pro pace et fraternitate gentium’ is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel Peace Prize Medal #question=The city of Hollywood, Broward County, is in which US state?#answer=Florida #question=Hermit, Spider and Blue are all types of which creature?#answer=Crab #question=Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 1939 novel ‘Gadsby’, containing over 50,000 words, leaving out which letter of the alphabet?#answer=;The letter ‘E’;e;letter e; #question=How many finger holes does a penny whistle have?#answer=Six #question=What is the collective name for a group of toads?#answer=Knot #question=What is the only English word, and its derivatives, to end in ‘mt’?#answer=Dreamt #question=In the UK, in which year was the voting age lowered from 30 to 21 for women?#answer=1928 #question=What is the most times a piece of paper can be folded in half?#answer=Seven #question=Ablutophilia is the sexual arousal from what?#answer=Water #question=How many goals did footballer Gary Lineker score for England?#answer=48 #question=What was the middle name of actor Laurence Olivier?#answer=Kerr #question=The ship ‘Cutty Sark’ was built in which Scottish dockyard town?#answer=Dumbarton #question=Who composed the romantic opera ‘Lohengrin’?#answer=Richard Wagner #question=What are the Secret Service names for Barack and Michelle Obama?#answer=Renegade and Renaissance #question=Lotus Air airlines is based in which African country?#answer=Egypt #question=Texas Hold ‘Em is a variation of which card game?#answer=Poker RAW Paste Data #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles #question=The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield #question=In British currency slang, how much is a ‘lady’ worth?#answer=Five pounds #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it ‘The Biggest Little City in the World’?#answer=Reno #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film ‘Goldeneye’?#answer=Alec Trevelyan #question=‘Pro pace et fraternitate gentium’ is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel


What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?

Why Is the Size of the Golf Hole 4.25 Inches? By Brent Kelley How many times have you lipped out a putt and wished that the size of the hole on the green was just a smidge larger? Why is the golf hole that size to begin with? That's one our most frequently asked questions: How did the hole come to be standardized at its current measurement of 4.25 inches in diameter? Like so many things in golf, the standardized size of the hole comes to us courtesy of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews , with an assist from the links at Musselburgh. Standardizing the Size of the Golf Hole From the beginnings of golf into the late 19th century, the size of the holes on golf greens was not necessarily standard from golf course to golf course. But in new rules issued in 1891, the R&A determined that the hole size should be standard on golf courses everywhere. So the R&A discussed just what exactly that size should be. The size they decided on was 4.25 inches in diameter. The reason is that the folks at Musselburgh (now a 9-hole municipal course on the Levenhall Links near Edinburgh, Scotland) had invented, in 1829, the first known hole-cutter. continue reading below our video 10 Best Basketball Players of All Time That ancient hole-cutter is still in existence and is on display in the clubhouse at Royal Musselburgh, an 18-hole course in Prestonpans, Scotland. (That's where the Royal Musselburgh Golf Club that used to play at the 9-holer outside Edinburgh is now based.) R&A Adopts 4.25-Inch Hole Size That first hole-cutter utilized a cutting tool that was, you guessed it, 4.25 inches in diameter. The folks running the R&A apparently liked that size and so adopted it in their rules for 1891. And as was usually the case, the rest of the golf world followed in the footsteps of the R&A. The exact reasons for why that first tool cut holes at the now-standard diameter are lost to history. But it was almost certainly a completely arbitrary thing, a notion supported by the story (perhaps apocryphal) that the tool was built from some excess pipe that was laying about the Musselburgh links. (That 9-hole Musselburgh links, by the way, was the site of six British Opens from 1874 to 1889.) Experiments with Golf Hole Size The hole size has been standardized ever since at 4.25 inches, although occasionally there is a push to enlarge the hole, at least for recreational golfers. In the 1930s, Gene Sarazen spoke in favor a few times of going to an 8-inch hole. Jack Nicklaus has, a few times, cut 8-inch holes at his Muirfield Village Golf Club , for special events. In 2014, TaylorMade sponsored an exhibition played with 15-inch holes and that included professional golfers such as Sergio Garcia. While it is almost inconceivable to think that high-level golf would ever be played with anything other than the standard 4.25-inch hole size, it certainly is possible that a few golf courses here and there could cut larger holes and see how their customers react to it. Making more putts means having more fun to recreational golfers, this line of thinking goes. So expect to see experiments with hole size continue periodically. Meantime, remember: the golf hole size is 4.25 inches because that's the size the R&A decided, in 1891, to standardize.


The city of Hollywood, Broward County, is in which US state?

Hollywood, Broward, Florida, United States - City, Town and Village of the world Hollywood, CA Company : Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide Inc Director of Welcome Office Company Who Are We? W is a destination,more than a hotel. A contemporary lifestyle brand infused with theenergy of non-traditional luxury Whats hip, fresh, and cool,always balanced with what is comfortable and coz... Contract : N/A In Room Dining Server (PT) Hollywood, CA Company : Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide Inc In Room Dining Server (PT) Company Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. is one of the leading hotel and leisure companies in the world with more than 1,300 properties in over 100 countries and over 180,000 employees at its owned and ma... Contract : N/A Family Practice/Primary Care - Nurse Practitioner West Hollywood, CA Company : Healthcare Recruitment Counselors Family Practice/Primary Care opening in West Hollywood, California. This and other nurse practitioner jobs brought to you by Nursing Job Cafe. Full time Physician Assistant/Nurse Practitioner West Hollywood, California 90069PA/NP wanted for... Contract : N/A Days Inn Airport - Cruise Port South Hollywood This Hollywood Florida hotel is less than 3 miles from Fort Lauderdale Hollywood Airport. It offers a shuttle service to Port Everglades for a surcharge as well as a daily continental breakfast... view more from Holiday Inn Fort Lauderdale Airport Hollywood Located 5 miles from Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, this hotel offers a free airport transport service. Its spacious rooms feature flat-screen cable TVs and free Wi-Fi... view more from La Quinta Inn & Suites Fort Lauderdale Airport Hollywood Within 3 miles from picturesque Hollywood Beach, this Florida hotel boasts transport service to Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, which is 4 miles away. An outdoor pool, free Wi-Fi, and daily continental breakfast are also offered... view more from Quality Inn Airport & Suites Cruise Port South Hollywood Minutes from Port Everglades cruise terminals and Fort Lauderdale International Airport with free shuttle service, this hotel provides thoughtful amenities, comfortable rooms and on-site dining options... view more from Summer Hollywood Corp Hollywood Located within 4 miles of Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, this Hollywood apartment features a fully equipped kitchen and includes access to an on-site aqua park... view more More Hotels »


How many finger holes does a penny whistle have?

FAQ about 6-hole whistle   What is actually a whistle (pistalka)? Whistle (pistalka)    is an end blown fipple flute about one feet in length with six fingering holes bored along the side held upwards. Are whistles (pistalka) available in Slovakia only? Whistle is very common in many cultures all around the globe. Perhaps the most known 6 hole whistle today is Irish tin whistle. Basically, there is no difference between Irish tin whistle and Slovak pistalka except the material used: Slovak pistalka is on contrary to Irish tin whistle purely hand made from natural piece of upland wood. What is the difference between pistalka, irish whistle, tin whistle or penny whistle? "Slovak pistalka" is basically the same as irish whistle. Pistalka as well as Irish whistle is endblown fipple flute with 6 side fingering holes. The only difference is in the material and technology used. Whereas Irish whistle is mass produced from tin, Slovak pistalka is hand made from upland wood (Elder tree - Sambucus Nigra). "Tin whistle" is another name for Irish whistle indicating that it is made of tin. "Penny whistle" is another name for very popular "D whistle". "Low D whistle" is one octave lower in tuning and 2 times longer as the penny whistle. How is the whistle (pistalka) made ? Slovak whistles are made of natural piece of upland elder tree about one to two feet in lenght. The maker bores out the inside to the proper diameter and then plugs the top end and creates the airway and edge for tone production creating thus a fipple sound device . The bore is cylindrical. The finger holes are measured and cut, and intricate carving or coloring may be added to individualize the instrument. How is the whistle (pistalka) played ? The player blows through the fipple on the top end and covers the finger holes with the first three fingers of each hand. The melody is played out on by fingering the whistle's holes. How to hold the whistle ? Left hand at top, operating first three holes, right hand at bottom, managing bottom three holes. Don’t attempt to cover holes with the fingertips, but rather use the ‘pads’ of the first joint of each finger. What are the whistle (pistalka) keys and lenghts ? Whistle key is corresponding with its lenght, longer means lower. Key - lenght in cm (inches) D - 58 cm (23") - low D whistle E - 54 cm (21")


What is the collective name for a group of toads?

So Many Frogs! A group of fish is called a School of Fish. A group of geese is called a Gaggle of Geese. A group of sea gulls is called a Flock of Sea gulls. A bunch of cows and bulls is called a Herd of Cattle. But what do you call a group of frogs? Answer: An ARMY of Frogs! And what do you call a group of toads? Answer: An KNOT of Toads! Wild about Words? Check here for more animal language fun!


What is the only English word, and its derivatives, to end in ‘mt’?

Five English Words That Are Utterly Unique by Dictionary.com Syzygy [siz-i-jee] Amazingly, the only English word with three Ys also happens to describe a rare astronomical event involving three heavenly bodies. A syzygy is the alignment of three celestial bodies in a straight line, commonly the Earth, the Sun and the Moon. Now, what is the only common English word to end in -mt? Dreamt [dremt] A poet would appreciate how this past tense of dream possesses such a special quality -- the only verb in regular English usage to end with -mt. We hear from people constantly who swear there must be another term ending in -mt. No one has ever actually offered a second example, however. Perhaps it exists in a dream. The next word is the exact opposite of -mt. Tmesis [tuh-mee-sis] The sole term in the English language to begin with tm- has an unusual meaning to match. Tmesis is the insertion of one or more words between the words that make up a compound phrase, as in "what-so-ever" inserted in the middle of "whatever." You'll never guess what's next: the only word that contains X, Y, and Z. Hydroxyzine [hahy-drok-suh-zeen] Only one word in all of English has an X, Y, and Z in order. Hydroxyzine is also the only word on this list that you may have swallowed at some point. This medication developed in the 1950s can help calm you down, prevent sneezing, and impress you with unique linguistic qualities. Our final word is more of a riddle: What is the only English term pronounced the same if you remove four letters?


In the UK, in which year was the voting age lowered from 30 to 21 for women?

FAQs about UK parliament elections and voting - UK Parliament Gunpowder Plot FAQs FAQs about UK parliament elections and voting This page may give answers to your questions on UK Parliament elections, by-elections and referendums as well as information about your constituency, voting and who can vote. Who can I vote for? Who are the candidates in my constituency? Your local Electoral Registration Office will display the names of all the candidates on town hall and local council notice boards in your area about a week before polling day. Information is also normally available in local newspapers. Candidates may send information about themselves to you and there may be public meetings where you have the opportunity to hear all the candidates speak. Electoral Commission FAQs: Where can I find out who is standing for election and get information on candidates? (external site) Can I vote for a new Prime Minister? No. You can only vote to elect your local MP in a general election. Even if you live in the constituency represented by the current Prime Minister or the leader of another political party, you are still only voting on whether he or she will be your local MP in the next Parliament Where can I find the election result in my constituency? Results are posted up by local officials on town hall and local council notice boards in each constituency and are also reported in the local and national media. Results are also available on the relevant local authority website for your local Electoral Registration Office. Parliamentary election results are also added to each MP's biography page on this website. When were women given the vote? 1918 (women aged 30 and over) 1928 (women aged 21 and over) When were all men given the vote? 1918 (men aged 21 and over) When was the voting age reduced to 18? 1969 (for both men and women) About constituencies Which parliamentary constituency am I in? The constituency you are in depends on where you live, or in certain cases such as overseas residents or members of the armed forces, where you have lived in the past. To find out which constituency you are in you can check on the Ordnance Survey website, or with your local Electoral Registration Office. Every 8-12 years constituency boundaries are reviewed to take into account movement and growth of the population in the UK. Referendums When was the last referendum held in the UK? A referendum was held on 23 June 2016 to decide whether or not the UK should remain a member of the European Union. Prior to that there was a referendum in Scotland on 18 September 2014 on whether Scotland should be an independent country. On 5 May 2011 a UK-wide referendum was held on whether to change the voting system for electing MPs to the House of Commons. Where can I find the results of the EU Referendum? The full results of the EU Referendum are available on the Electoral Commission website: Electoral Commission: EU Referendum results Where can I find out more about the EU Referendum 2016? You can find impartial information on the in-out referendum produced by the Commons Library and Lords Library at the link below. It sets out the background, an analysis of the results and their implications as well as looking at the process for withdrawal from the EU.


What is the most times a piece of paper can be folded in half?

Folding Paper in Half Twelve Times BRITNEY�S FOLDING RECORD  STILL HOLDS   The long standing  challenge was that a single piece of paper, no matter the size,  cannot be folded in half more than 7 or 8 times.  Recently, reports have been made that Britney�s paper folding record of folding a piece of paper in half 12 times has been  broken. These current attempts, though laudable and will eventually be  successful, are not satisfactory due to strict  rules she followed to also preclude criticism from modifying the problem. Challengers have used  methods including stacking separate pieces on top of one another, taping  pieces together, cutting paper, tearing paper, and pleated (fan) folding  instead of folding in half. These methods circumvent the  principles of the simply defined paper folding problem and demonstrate a misunderstanding of why the challenge was  thought to be impossible.  Recent reference.   The most significant part of  Britney's work is actually not the geometric progression of a folding  sequence but rather the detailed analysis to find why geometric sequences  have practical limits that prevent them from expanding.     Her book provides the size of paper needed to fold paper and gold 16 times using  different folding techniques. Her equations  have been confirmed  by scholars at Cal Tech and Harvey Mudd and are posted on Wolfram MathWorld.   Britney Gallivan has solved the Paper Folding Problem. This well known challenge was to fold paper in half more than seven or eight times, using a single piece of paper of any size or shape. In April of 2005 Britney's accomplishment was mentioned on the prime time CBS television show Numb3rs. The task was commonly known to be impossible. Over the years the problem has been discussed by many people, including mathematicians and has been demonstrated to be impossible on TV. For extra credit in a math class Britney was given the challenge to fold anything in half 12 times. After extensive experimentation, she folded a sheet of gold foil 12 times, breaking the record. This was using alternate directions of folding. But, the challenge was then redefined to fold a piece of paper. She studied the problem and was the first person to realize the basic cause for the limits. She then derived the folding limit equation for any given dimension. Limiting equations were derived for the case of folding in alternate directions and for the case of folding in a single direction using a long strip of paper. The merits of both folding approaches are discussed, but for high numbers of folds, single direction folding requires less paper. The exact limit for single direction folding case was derived, based on the accumulative limiting effects induced by every layer of paper in the folding process. For the single direction folding case the exact limiting equation is: where L is the minimum possible length of the material, t is material thickness, and n is the number of folds possible in one direction. L and t need to be expressed using the same units. Stringent rules and definitions were defined by Britney for the folding process. One rule is: For a sheet to be considered folded n times it must be convincingly documented and independently verified that (2n) unique layers are in a straight line. Sections that do not meet these criteria are not counted as a part of the folded section.  Her equation sums losses inclured with each individual fold. Diagram showing part of a rotational sliding folding sequence In some web pages the limits found by Britney are described as being due to thickness to width ratios of the final folds or attributed to the folder not being strong enough to fold any more times. Both explanations for the limits are incorrect and miss the actual reason for the physical mathematical limit. The actual understanding of the problem involves understanding the simple dynamics of the folding model and the resulting algebra. One interesting discovery was to fold paper an additional time about 4 times as much paper is needed, contrary to the intuition of many that


How many goals did footballer Gary Lineker score for England?

Goal.com's Top 50 English Players: Gary Lineker (9) - Goal.com Goal.com's Top 50 English Players: Gary Lineker (9) Featured 0 Jun 12, 2009 14:15:08 Goal.com's top 50 countdown continues at nine with one of the greatest strikers that England has ever produced... Clubs Leicester City, Everton, Barcelona, Tottenham Hotspur, Nagoya Grampus Eight Lineker had a reputation for being one of football's mister nice guys during his playing days, but in front of goal he was clinical and lethal and made few friends among the goalkeeping fraternity. The striker-turned media pundit made his reputation worldwide for his goalscoring exploits as he shone at both club and international level, in the process earning a reputation as a true gentleman. While netting 244 goals for his clubs side in 466 games and 48 goals for England in 80 matches, Lineker did not receive a single card, whether it be red or yellow. His record when playing for the Three Lions saw him score just one goal less than the legendary Sir Bobby Charlton and that is only because he fluffed a penalty in his last ever international at Wembley against Brazil. That would have been a fitting tribute to one of the greatest strikers not just England, but the world has ever seen as he thrilled fans in England, Spain and Japan as well as the World Cup Finals. After rising through the ranks at Leicester City, Lineker showed his incredible pace and ability in the area as his poacher's instinct began to be honed in the comfortable surroundings of Filbert Street. With 95 goals arriving in 194 appearances, league champions Everton chose to splash £800,000 to land him in 1985 and he was to enjoy an incredible season on Merseyside that saw him net no less than 42 goals in total, and finish as the first division's best with 30. That tally was not enough for the Toffees though as they finished as runners-up to Liverpool in both the title race and the FA Cup Final, when Lineker opened the scoring after turning away from Alan Hansen, to put his side ahead. It was not his goals at Everton that earned him a move away from Goodison Park after just one season though, it was his performance at the 1986 World Cup Finals in Mexico when the world first took notice of him. With just one point from games against Morocco and Portugal, Sir Bobby Robson's England had to beat Poland to go through and while the nerves were there, Lineker was clinical in front of goal as he netted a hat-trick . Two more against Paraguay and a header in the infamous quarter final with Argentina took the forward's tally to six and was enough to earn him the tournament's Golden Boot. Barcelona beckoned as the Catalans wanted the world's most famous goalscorer playing for them and he became a hero in his first season as he score three times to give his new side a 3-2 win over Real Madrid in Camp Nou. Learning Spanish to a high level meant that Lineker was able to settle in CAREER HIGHLIGHT FA Cup glory with Spurs in 1991 the Catalan capital while Mark Hughes, with whom he had joined, struggled and was loaned to Bayern Munich after one season. When Johan Cruyff took over at Barca and viewed his new striker as a right-winger, the Leicester-born star decided it was time to go home and in 1989 answered Terry Venables call to join him at Tottenham Hotspur . Lineker may have won the Copa del Rey and European Cup Winners' Cup with Barcelona, but he looks back fondly on his only triumph in England as he helped Spurs to FA Cup triumph in 1991, despite seeing a penalty saved in the final against Nottingham Forest. The year before, the pacey striker had helped England to reach the World Cup semi-finals in Italy and netted four goals en route to make him only the eighth player to have netted ten goals in the finals overall. His international career was to end in acrimony as the hapless Graham Taylor substituted Lineker during a defeat by Sweden at the 1992 European Championships. The striker's disenchantment was plain to see as he trudged reluctantly from the field. Japan was his last port of call as he sought one last pay day, but his tra


What was the middle name of actor Laurence Olivier?

Laurence Olivier - Biography - IMDb Laurence Olivier Biography Showing all 227 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (3) | Trade Mark  (5) | Trivia  (141) | Personal Quotes  (44) | Salary  (28) Overview (5) 5' 10" (1.78 m) Mini Bio (1) Laurence Olivier could speak William Shakespeare 's lines as naturally as if he were "actually thinking them", said English playwright Charles Bennett , who met Olivier in 1927. Laurence Kerr Olivier was born in Dorking, Surrey, England, to Agnes Louise (Crookenden) and Gerard Kerr Olivier, a High Anglican priest. His surname came from a great-great-grandfather who was of French Huguenot origin. One of Olivier's earliest successes as a Shakespearean actor on the London stage came in 1935 when he played "Romeo" and "Mercutio" in alternate performances of "Romeo and Juliet" with John Gielgud . A young Englishwoman just beginning her career on the stage fell in love with Olivier's Romeo. In 1937, she was "Ophelia" to his "Hamlet" in a special performance at Kronberg Castle, Elsinore, Denmark. In 1940, she became his second wife after both returned from making films in America that were major box office hits of 1939. His film was Wuthering Heights (1939), her film was Gone with the Wind (1939). Vivien Leigh and Olivier were screen lovers in Fire Over England (1937), 21 Days Together (1940) and That Hamilton Woman (1941). There was almost a fourth film together in 1944 when Olivier and Leigh traveled to Scotland with Charles C. Bennett to research the real-life story of a Scottish girl accused of murdering her French lover. Bennett recalled that Olivier researched the story "with all the thoroughness of Sherlock Holmes" and "we unearthed evidence, never known or produced at the trial, that would most certainly have sent the young lady to the gallows". The film project was then abandoned. During their two-decade marriage, Olivier and Leigh appeared on the stage in England and America and made films whenever they really needed to make some money. In 1951, Olivier was working on a screen adaptation of Theodore Dreiser 's novel "Sister Carrie" ( Carrie (1952)) while Leigh was completing work on the film version of the Tennessee Williams ' play, A Streetcar Named Desire (1951). She won her second Oscar for bringing "Blanche DuBois" to the screen. Carrie (1952) was a film that Olivier never talked about. George Hurstwood, a middle-aged married man from Chicago who tricked a young woman into leaving a younger man about to marry her, became a New York street person in the novel. Olivier played him as a somewhat nicer person who didn't fall quite as low. A PBS documentary on Olivier's career broadcast in 1987 covered his first sojourn in Hollywood in the early 1930s with his first wife, Jill Esmond , and noted that her star was higher than his at that time. On film, he was upstaged by his second wife, too, even though the list of films he made is four times as long as hers. More than half of his film credits come after The Entertainer (1960), which started out as a play in London in 1957. When the play moved across the Atlantic to Broadway in 1958, the role of "Archie Rice"'s daughter was taken over by Joan Plowright , who was also in the film. They married soon after the release of The Entertainer (1960). - IMDb Mini Biography By: Dale O'Connor <daleoc@worldnet.att.net> Spouse (3) A handsome man with a magnificent speaking voice Often played noble and fiercely proud leaders and royalty figures Often directed himself in his films Rich smooth voice Trivia (141) 1985: When presenting at the Oscars, he forgot to name the Best Picture nominees. He simply opened the envelope and proclaimed, " Amadeus (1984)". Even with his noble titles, he refused to carry on a conversation with anyone who would not address him as "Larry". 10/97: Ranked #46 in Empire (UK) magazine's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list. Knighted in the 1947 King's Birthday Honours List, made a life peer in the 1970 Queen's Birthday Honours List, awarded the Order of Merit in 1981. Father, with Jill Esmond , of son Tarq


The ship ‘Cutty Sark’ was built in which Scottish dockyard town?

Seven of the most famous ships built on the River Clyde - The Scotsman Heroes Seven of the most famous ships built on the River Clyde The Cutty Sark in her custom-built dry dock in Greenwich. The ship was built in Dumbarton in 1869 and last sailed in 1938. Picture: Wikipedia CHRIS McCALL 16:20 Wednesday 11 May 2016 09:45 Thursday 12 May 2016 Have your say MORE than 25,000 naval, merchant and passenger ships have been built on the Clyde and its tributaries since the Scott family first set up a yard in Greenock in 1711. ‘Clydebuilt’ became shorthand worldwide for precision marine engineering, with some of the famous vessels of the 19th and 20th centuries built on the river. Comet RMS Lucania, launched at Govan in 1893, held the title of fastest passenger liner afloat for five years. Picture: Wikicommons It may have only been 45ft long, but the Comet represented a giant leap forward in shipbuilding technology when launched at Port Glasgow in 1812. The vessel provided the first commercially successful steamboat ferry service in Europe and hinted the era of sailing ships may be coming to an end. The Comet was built for Henry Bell , a Scottish engineer fascinated by the potential of steam power. When his wife became manager of a public baths and hotel in Helensburgh, Bell saw an opportunity to attract customers to the seaside town with a state-of-the-art ferry. The Comet was outclassed by other steamers within four years but had by then secured her footnote in maritime history. A replica of the boat now stands in Port Glasgow town centre. Cutty Sark It would take another 50 years before steam overtook wind as the power source of the biggest ships. The Cutty Sark was one of the last of its kind when launched in 1869 at the Scott & Linton yard in Dumbarton. Known as a clipper - a mid-19th century type of sailing ship built for speed - such vessels were characterised by a narrow hull and large total sail area. Cutty Sark was ordered by the shipping magnate John Willis and named after a character in Robert Burns’ classic poem Tam o’Shanter . Although famously associated with the Chinese tea trade, Cutty Sark spent most of her life at sea transporting wool from Australia. She last sailed in 1938 and became a cadet training ship. In 1954 the Cutty Sark was towed to a custom-built dry dock in Greenwich, south London, where she has remained ever since. The ship is a prominent landmark on the route of the annual London Marathon. RMS Lucania HMS Hood was built at the John Brown yard in Clydebank and launched in 1918. She was sunk in 1941 with the loss of 1415 crew. Picture: Wikimedia In an era before air travel there was huge public interest in ships capable of reaching far-flung destinations at increasing speeds. The most prestigious route in British maritime trade was the Atlantic crossing to the US. Shipping companies promoted themselves on the speed and ease in which they could reach New York. The fastest passenger liner was awarded the Blue Riband, an unofficial accolade borrowed from horse racing. RMS Lucania, built at the Fairfields yard in Govan and launched in 1893, won the title on just her second ever voyage. At the time, Lucania and her sister ship Campania had the largest triple expansion engines ever fitted to Cunard liners. HMS Hood Built at John Brown’s yard in Clydebank and launched in 1918, HMS Hood was the pride of the Royal Navy and the most famous battleship in Britian upon the outbreak of war in 1939. Known as ‘The Mighty Hood’, the battlecruiser was employed to protect convoys in the North Sea and as a general deterrent against invasion. In 1941 the Hood was ordered to intercept the Bismarck - the largest battleship ever built by the German navy - and prevent her reaching the Atlantic where she would pose a threat to Allied shipping. On May 24 the Hood and HMS Prince of Wales spotted the Bismarck and opened fire. Less than 10 minutes later, a German shell struck the Hood and exploded her main ammunition magazine. The battleship sank within three minutes with the loss of all but three of her 1418 crew. It remains o


What are the Secret Service names for Barack and Michelle Obama?

Obama Family Secret Service Code Names | The Huffington Post Obama Family Secret Service Code Names 12/11/2008 05:12 am ET | Updated May 25, 2011 350 Nicholas Graham Huffington Post The new First Family has been issued code names by the Secret Service. Barack Obama's is "Renegade," Michelle Obama's is "Renaissance," Malia Obama's is "Radiance," and Sasha Obama's is "Rosebud." Joe and Jill Biden also received code names, though it's tough to top "Renegade" and "Renaissance." Joe Biden's is "Celtic," and Jill Biden's is "Capri." Check out the screenshots from MSNBC below. More:


Lotus Air airlines is based in which African country?

Arab Aviation > Country Briefs > Egypt > Non Scheduled Carriers > Lotus Air Offshore Operators Lotus Air Lotus Air a charter airline based in Cairo, Egypt, and one of the first private airlines in the Middle East and North Africa region to operate. The airline was established in 1997 by Al-Fawares Holding Company and commenced operations in 1998, it's main businesses are charter operations, ad-hoc flights, ACMI (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance, and Insurance) operation, wet lease, technical services, ground handling, and crew training. Lotus Air hubs are located in the resort areas around Egypt mainly in Sharm El-Shikh, Hardugah, and Luxor. Ownership: privately held by Al-Fawares Holding Company (Kuwait) Executives: Adnan Al-Falah (General Manager). Lotus Air fleet consists of the following aircraft: 3 x Airbus A320


Texas Hold ‘Em is a variation of which card game?

Fun Variations of Texas Hold'em for the Home Game Fun Variations of Texas Hold'em for the Home Game You are here Home » Poker » Fun Variations of Texas Hold'em for the Home Game Come along with us as we take you on a tour of some fun alternatives to traditional Texas Hold'em that can beathe new life to an old, old game Most home poker games focus on seven-card stud and its variations. These games are fun, but why limit your game to just seven-card stud when there are also fun variations of Texas Hold'em? Come along with us as we take you on a tour of some fun alternatives to traditional Texas Hold'em. Each of these games plays in the same manner as regular Texas Hold'em with the exception of the "minor" changes noted. Pineapple - In Pineapple, players are dealt three hole cards and discard one after the first betting round (pre-flop). Crazy Pineapple - Crazy Pineapple is just like Pineapple with three hole cards being dealt. The only difference between the two is that the extra card is discarded after the flop. Aviation - Aviation is a very wild version of Hold'em. Players are dealt four hole cards. One card is discarded before the flop, and another is discarded after the flop. This game was named after the world-famous Aviation Club in Paris, France, where the game originated. Speed Hold'em - In Speed Hold'em, players are dealt four hole cards, then immediately discard two of them. Five community cards are then flopped. The one and only betting round then takes place, followed by the showdown. That's it! Super-Eight - In Super-Eight Hold'em, players are dealt three hole cards, but do not discard any of them. Players may, of course, use all five community cards plus their three hole cards to make the best five card poker hand. Tahoe - Tahoe Hold'em is much like Super-Eight Hold'em with the only difference being that you may only use two of your three hole cards to make the best five card poker hand. River of Blood - This version of Hold'em can get wild. In River of Blood, if the river card is red play continues, meaning there is another betting round and a sixth community card is dealt. Another betting round takes place followed by a showdown, that is, as long as the 2nd river card is not also red. Play continues until the river card is black. The River Wild - This is a game that literally lives up to its name. In the River Wild, the river card is just that - wild. In fact, all of the cards of the same rank as the river card are wild. Games like this can result in some wild results as it motivates players to stay until the bitter (happy?) end. Two-Time Hold'em - In Two-Time Hold'em, players are dealt four hole cards which they then split into separate pairs. The pairs must be kept separate throughout play of two separate hands. A round of Texas Hold'em is played under normal Hold'em rules. A player will eventually fold or showdown a hand. It is the player's choice which hand to showdown or fold, but once a hand is shown or folded, it is dead. After the first hand is played, a second hand follows without a shuffle in between. This is a very fast way to knock two hands of Holde'em. Double Flop - This has to be the most outlandish Texas Hold'em variation in existence. In Double Flop, two separate boards are dealt exactly opposite each other. This means that during each deal, flop, turn and river, two sets of cards come out. Players make a separate hand with each of the two boards, with the pot being split between the high hands for each board. Speed River Runs Wild - In the Speed River Runs Wild variation of Texas Hold'em, you no longer have to worry about missing your straight draw. That's right, a four card straight is a hand.


With which athletics field event is Jan Zelezny associated?

What is the World Record of Athletics? What is the World Record of Athletics? Deciding the winner via the Mercier Scoring Tables J. R. Mureika Published: Athletics: Canada's National Track and Field / Running Magazine (April/May 2000) Another century come and gone. Is it number 21 already?? What a century of Athletics it has been, too. Considering that the number of athletic records kept prior to 1900 is most likely miniscule, it seems appropriate to say that the 20th Century was the only century of Athletics so far. These lists come a bit late in the game, what with the pre-2k innundation of "top" rankings, but nonetheless better late than never. As previously discussed, the Mercier Scoring Tables [1,2] are used as a statistical method of cross-event and gender-comparsion. So, it seems the natural thing to do is to compare the World Records, as they stood at the turn of the Clock, to determine who is the best Track and Field Athlete of all-time. That is, what is the World Record of Athletics? Of course, before any number crunching is done, countless names spring to mind as to who might hold the crown. But, surprises are in store. Since the lists are not flawless, the statistical methodology not foolproof, but it's mostly an unbiased framework. We can only hope to trust these figures so far, but at the very least they'll provide some coffee-table discussions over the next little while. Table 1 and Table 2 show the associated scores for the standing men's and women's World Records, as of January 2000. The listed events include only those officially recognized by the IAAF, although the Mile and 3000m are thrown in due to their strong presence in some key high performance competitions. Table 3 shows the overall rankings, from highest to lowest score. Ties are broken by considering the first decimal place (recall that scores are always rounded up, to ensure the maximum possible points are obtained). Surprisingly, all records considered are grouped between 988 and 1079 points, with an (unbiased) mean score of 1031, and a median of 1024. The standard deviation of the distribution is 26.04. The last three columns give the following information: the minimum performance required to achieve a ``maximum'' score of 1079, the mean performance (score of 1031), and the median performance (1024). The mean and median performances for men only are 1025.8 and 1022, while for women these values are respectively 1037.2 and 1037.5. This suggests that either the tables favor higher women's scores, or that women are generally better at their events than men! Perhaps the most striking result of this comparison is the tie for top seed: the Women's Shot Put and the Heptathlon. Aparently, along with Natalya Lisovskaya, Jackie Joyner-Kersee really was the best athlete of all time! Performances commonly hailed as athletic feats of wonder (Florence Griffith-Joyner's and Michael Johnson's sprint dominating WRs, for example), rank not far behind, as does Mike Powell's long jump record: truly Beamonesque! Curiously, benchmarks such as MJ's 43.18s and Maurice Greene's (second-hand) 100m WR gain merely 1028 and 1015 points, respectively, with mean-score performances of 43.13s and 9.74s! In fact, note that for particular events, the mean/median performance are commensurate with the top world performances other than the WR (men's 200m, women's 100m and 200m, etc...). The overall comparison also suggests certain weaknesses of the method, and help to indicate areas of improvement, either statistically (my problem) or athletically (theirs!). New events such as the women's Pole Vault may yet to have developed the performance rankings to make the scoring overly effective. The 110mH, men's marathon, women's Javelin, and women's Hammer Throw WRs are also curiously low-scoring. Granted, since the scoring tables are based on the weighted overall event rankings for the past 5 years, this may simply indicate a strength/weakness contrast in an event between consecutive years (i.e. some years may show stronger performances, and if these are w


In the human body, which cavity at the upper end of the trachea contains the vocal cords?

Vocal Cord and Voice Box Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy Vocal Cord and Voice Box Anatomy Updated: Aug 31, 2015 Author: Rishi Vashishta, MD; Chief Editor: Thomas R Gest, PhD  more... Share Overview Overview The vocal folds, also known as vocal cords, are located within the larynx (also colloquially known as the voice box) at the top of the trachea. They are open during inhalation and come together to close during swallowing and phonation. When closed, the vocal folds may vibrate and modulate the expelled airflow from the lungs to produce speech and singing. A video displaying the anatomy of the vocal cords and voice box is provided below. Airway endoscopy demonstrating the larynx of a 3-year-old child. The larynx is situated at the level of the base of tongue. Separating the tongue from the larynx is the flaplike structure called the epiglottis. The larynx itself consists of 2 glistening white vocal folds, which form a V-shaped structure. The glottic airway is between the vocal folds. Just superior to the vocal folds are the false vocal folds. The posterior aspect of the larynx is lined by the arytenoids. The arytenoids form 2 "bumps" at the posterior aspect of the vocal folds and are separated by the intra-arytenoid notch. Posterior to the larynx is the esophageal inlet. Video courtesy of Dr. Ravi Elluru. Next: Gross Anatomy The vocal cords are composed of mucous membrane infoldings that stretch horizontally across the middle laryngeal cavity . They are attached anteriorly at the angle on the interior surface of the thyroid cartilage and project posteriorly to the arytenoid cartilages on either side. The vestibular folds, or false vocal cords, are formed by the superior layer of infolded membrane; the vocal folds, or true vocal cords, are formed from the inferior layer of infolded membrane. The laryngeal ventricles extend laterally and are located between the vestibular and vocal folds. [ 1 , 2 ] Vestibular folds (false vocal cords) The quadrangular membrane extends between the lateral aspects of the epiglottis and the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilages on the each side. The free lower inferior margin of this ligament is thickened to form the vestibular ligament, which forms the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) once covered by mucosa. The lower border of the vestibular folds forms the upper boundary of the laryngeal ventricle. The primary function of the vestibular folds is protection of the more delicate vocal folds that lie beneath. The vestibular folds have a minimal role in phonation but may be used in the production of deep tones and screaming or throat singing. Laryngeal ventricles On either side of the middle laryngeal cavity, in between the vestibular and vocal folds, the mucosa bulges laterally to form troughs known as the laryngeal ventricles. The laryngeal saccules are tubular extensions of each ventricle anterosuperiorly between the vestibular fold and the thyroid cartilage. The walls of these saccules are thought to contain many mucous glands that lubricate the vocal folds. Vocal folds (true vocal cords) The conus elasticus extends superiorly from the anterior arch of the cricoid cartilage and attaches to the thyroid cartilage anteriorly and the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages posteriorly. The free superior margin of this submucosal membrane is thickened to form the vocal ligament, which forms the vocal folds (true vocal cords) once covered by mucosa. The vocal folds also contain muscle fibers originating from the vocalis part of the thyroarytenoid muscle, which lies deep and inferior, parallel with the vocal ligament to which it is attached at the posterior end. The main function of the muscle is fine tonal control of the vocal cords. The vocal folds differ in size and color between males and females. Adult males typically have larger, longer folds (due to the sexually dimorphic laryngeal prominence), resulting in a lower-pitched voice. The vocal folds appear more pearly white in women than in men. Functional anatomy of the vocal cords The larynx, or voi


The Greek island of Lemnos lies in which sea?

Visit Greece | Limnos   The island of Hephaestus Serenely floating in the north of the Aegean Sea , Limnos (also spelt Lemnos) is a destination for a peaceful holiday in close contact with nature. Sheltered gulfs, extensive beaches and landscapes of volcanic rocks, alternate with small hills and traditional villages of stone houses. The volcanic island of Hephaestus, god of fire, lends its fertility to fruitful plains, which the locals make the best of by producing goods of unique taste and excellent quality. Among them, the renowned Muscat of Limnos, a Designation of Origin of Superior Quality sweet white wine with golden colour, rich aroma and full taste, and the cheese “kalathaki” (=little basket) a kind of white cheese that is left to dry and mature in small straw baskets, as well as its delicious yellowish version called “melíchloro” (meaning soft cheese of honey colour). The tasteful thyme honey and the fresh fish are also some of the great gifts of nature to the lucky island. The history of Limnos is lost in the mists of time. According to mythology, Hephaestus had his forge on the island and taught its first residents, the Sinties, the art of processing copper. The Island flourished during the prehistoric times. In 512BC it was conquered by the Persians, but it regained its liberty after the end of the Persian Wars. Since then, it had been subjugated consecutively by the Romans, the Venetians and the Turks, until its definitive liberation in 1912 during the 1st Balkan War. Capital of the island is Mýrina, a town beautiful for its traditional paved alleys, its old stone mansions, its promenade by the sea, and last but not least for its Byzantine Castle. The impressive castle that overlooks the town lies on a rocky and steep peninsula, on the hillside of which small deer roam free. Touring around the island is as much an enviable experience as choosing only some of its beauties to write about is a nasty task. Still, a visit to Limnos is not complete without having been to: • The Petrified Forest near the town of Moudros, where one has the chance to see fossilised trunks, leaves, fruit and palm-tree roots aged 20-22 million years. • The prehistoric settlement of Poliochni which is thought to be the oldest Neolithic city in Europe. Actually, a rectangular building with a double row of stepped seats that had been found on the site resembles a parliamentary architectural structure; that’s why it is presumed to be the oldest parliament discovered in the world! • The archaeological site of Hephaestia, the prehistoric capital of the Pelasgians, whose glory days lasted well over 2000 years (1000BC to 1200AD). Admire the ruins of a complex of a city built and rebuilt in 10 layers, including palaces, baths, Christian churches, a Hellenistic-Roman theatre, a necropolis, and a sanctuary dedicated to the great goddess Lemnos. • The two small lakes Alyki and Chortarolimni which constitute wetland habitats, refuge and breeding places for rare and endangered bird species. • The ideal for skin conditions and urinary system problems thermal springs of Hephaestus, at only 4km from Mýrina. • The waterfalls near the village of Káspakas, where the waters rush off a height of 15m to create an appealing natural site dotted with small plateaus and tiny ponds. • The village of Kontiás, one of the biggest and most beautiful ones, which is built on a pine-clad hill and is decorated by traditional stone houses, deserted windmills, and the picturesque church off Ághios Dimitrios with the stone bell tower. • The gorgeous sandy beaches of the islands, which range from peaceful, remote, romantic to busy and well-organised ones. Especially the water sports lovers will go crazy for the beaches of Thanos, Gomati (treat yourself with the pleasure of rolling on the sand dunes there) and Keros, with the last one being a well-known centre for aquatic pleasures and sports activities. Nevertheless, the repeaters of the island and the locals would answer Platý or Chavoúli should they be asked to choose a beach to appear on a postal card from Limnos. Getting