What is the process by which an insect undergoes distinct physical change from immaturity (typically larva or nymph) to adulthood?

intro to insects 1 - Entomology 6234 with Musser at Mississippi State University - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. intro to insects 1 chemical breakdown of food and absorption of nutrience Advertisement ) insect any animal of the class insects, small, air breathing arthropods having 3 divided body parts, wings and legs.  arthropods any invertebrate of the phylum arthropods, having segmented body, jointed limbs, and usually undergoes molting  appendages  can be antennae, wings, legs, or mouthparts.  head hardened anterior region of the body that bears the eyes, antennae, and mouthparts.  compound eyes consist of a few to several thoughts individual eye units  single eye located on top of the head of adults. (usually three) have sensory functions used to detect orders and sounds and to touch and taste objects. sense world around them "upper-lip". forms roof of mouth and used for pulling food in. mandibles  part of an insects mouth that looks like a jaw. (1st pair of jaws) cut, chewing, and tearing food. maxilla  2nd pair of jaw- located behind mandible. used for handing food.  labium floor of the mouth. "lower-lip" antenna, compound eye, mandible, maxilla, labium, labrum, ocelius the head contains? external covering that provides protection for invertebrates.   Advertisement thorax is divided into 3 segments? head  used mainly for eating, sensing things and gathering information. thorax protects body and gives support for 3 pair of jointed legs and 1 or 2 wings.  Thorax between the neck and abdomen abdomen  contains the organs for digestion and reproduction  open circulatory system system where blood and interstitial fluids are allow to mix in an organism  hemocoel body cavity where blood flows hemolymph brings oxygen into their bodies through a series of tubes prothorax bears first pair of legs. anterior division. bearing the forewings and elytra metathorax posterior segment. bearing the hind wings sensillam  sensory hairs used to pick up chemical in the environment. located on antennae  piercing 1st segment of the leg of an insect joining leg to body. hip joint.  trochanter second segment in the leg that serves as a joint connecting coxa and femur  femur  usually long and stouter than the other segments and contains the main muscles used in running, jumping and digging. 3rd segment 4th segment in the leg located between femur and tarsus tarsus foot of the insect leg, finial segment. claws thorax  wings  composed of 2 membranes of the cuticle pressed together and supported by a series of veins  costa  second vien, typically unbranched. behind costa  radius  third vein, one to five branches reach wing margin  media  fourth longitudinal vein, one to four branches reach the wing margin cubitus  fifth longitudinal vein, one to three branches reach the wing margin anal viens  contains the organs used for digestion and reproduction  tergites  laying of eggs  aphid bug that feeds by sucking sap from plants. reproduce rapidly. live in large colonies that cause extensive damage to crops  exoskeleton  basic unit of nervous system  insecticides substance used for killing insects ganglion group of cell nerves bodies are located in nervous system  axon long slender projection of the nerve that typically conducts electrical impulses away from neuron cell body nerve transmission  electrical impulses that travel fast and is caused by ion migration  dendrites receive impulse from neurons or sensory system  synapse physical gap between two nerves  chemically how does impulse get across the gap? neurotransmitters small molecules which carry info across synapses from a nerve cell to its neighbor cell. critical for animal behavior complimentary enzymes destroy left over neurotransmitters presynaptic related to or denoting a nerve cell that releases a transmitter substance into synapse during transmitting of an impulse  post synaptic  receiving end of discharge across synapse  nervous system  network of nerve cells that transmits nerve impulses thru the body  c


Which castle is sometimes referred to as 'The Key to England'?

Photographs of Castles and Manor Houses around the World SPAIN   The Alcázar of Segovia (literally, Segovia        Castle) is a stone fortification, rising out on a rocky crag above        the confluence of the rivers Eresma and Clamores near the Guadarrama        mountains.   It is one of the most distinctive castle-palaces        in Spain, shaped like the bow of a ship.   The Alcázar of Segovia, like many fortifications        in Spain , started off as an Arab fort, which itself was built on        a Roman fort but little of that structure remains. It has served        as a royal palace, a state prison, a Royal Artillery College and        a military academy since Moorish times. Pena Palace Dover, Kent, ENGLAND .   Dover Castle was founded in the 12th century and        has been described as the "Key to ENGLAND " due to its defensive significance. It is the largest castle in ENGLAND .   During the reign of Henry II t the castle began        to take recognisable shape. The inner and outer baileys and the        great keep belong to this time. Maurice the Engineer was responsible        for building the keep, one of the last rectangular keeps ever built.   Dover Castle is a Scheduled Monument and a Grade        I listed building. The castle, its secret tunnels, and surrounding        land are owned by English Heritage and the site is a major tourist        attraction.   From the Cinque Ports foundation in 1050, Dover        has always been a chief member. The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports        is officially head of the castle, in his conjoint position of Constable        of Dover Castle, and the Deputy Constable has his residence in Constable's        Gate. Schloss Drachenburg (Drachenburg Castle) ENGLAND   Leeds Castle is in Kent, ENGLAND ,        5 miles (8 km) Southeast of Maidstone. A castle has been on the        site since 1119. In the 13th century it came into the hands of King        Edward I, for whom it became a favourite residence; in the 16th        century, Henry VIII used it as a residence for his first wife, Catherine        of Aragon.   The castle was a location for the 1949 film Kind        Hearts and Coronets where it stood in for "Chalfont",        the ancestral home of the d'Ascoyne family. The castle also appeared        in Moonraker (1958) and Waltz of the Toreadors (1962).        It was the set for the Doctor Who episode The Androids of Tara.   The castle today dates mostly from the 19th century        and is built on islands in a lake formed by the River Len to the        east of the village of Leeds. It has been open to the public since        1976 . ENGLAND   Leeds Castle is in Kent, ENGLAND ,        5 miles (8 km) Southeast of Maidstone. A castle has been on the        site since 1119. In the 13th century it came into the hands of King        Edward I, for whom it became a favourite residence; in the 16th        century, Henry VIII used it as a residence for his first wife, Catherine        of Aragon.   The castle was a location for the 1949 film Kind        Hearts and Coronets where it stood in for "Chalfont",        the ancestral home of the d'Ascoyne family. The castle also appeared        in Moonraker (1958) and Waltz of the Toreadors (1962).        It was the set for the Doctor Who episode The Androids of Tara.   The castle today dates mostly from the 19th century        and is built on islands in a lake formed by the River Len to the        east of the village of Leeds. It has been open to the public since        1976 Castel Sant Angelo (The Mausoleum of Hadrian) Parco Adriano Castel del Monte (Castle of the Mount), Andria, Apulia region ITALY   Castel del Monte is a 13th-century citadel and        castle. It stands on a promontory, where


The city of Lisbon in Portugal lies on which river?

Lisbon in Europe Lisbon is the capital and largest city of Portugal and the same administrative district and lies on a bay of the river mouth of the Tagus River in the extreme southwest of Europe on the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula. lisbon The commercial port on the Tagus Cove was before the Roman domination of Ali Ubbo called. Lisbon, founded by the Phoenicians, received at the time of Julius Caesar under the name of Colonia Julia Felicitas Township law. 711 was the place like most of the Iberian Peninsula to the Moors, in the context of the Second Crusade in 1147 Lisbon Portuguese and thus again placed under Christian rule. Following the relocation of the royal seat of Coimbra , the city in 1256 under King Afonso III. the capital of the Kingdom of Portugal. Around 1500, Lisbon saw a brilliant ascent to one of the most prestigious trade and port cities of the time. A massive earthquake in 1755 sealed the economic decline of the city, which had been used decades earlier, insidious, and caused a sensation throughout Europe. In the 19th Century saw a resurgence of Lisbon. In recent years, the city, however shrunk massively (by more than 800,000 inhabitants in 1980 to 500,000 in 2010), many people have moved into the surrounding countryside. Lisbon has to contend with serious structural problems, among which stand out above all the dilapidated buildings of many buildings and high traffic volumes. portugal lisbon lisbon city lisbon bridge As the largest city in Portugal is still the main port, the seat of government , the chief of state and government agencies, several universities and the Academy of Sciences Lisbon today is the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Lisbon is home to a number of agencies, European Union , including the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and the European Maritime Safety Agency . The Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries (CPLP) is headquartered in Lisbon. lisbon nightlife


Spaniard Juan Antonio Samaranch, who died in April 2010, was head of which organization from 1980-2001?

Remembrance: Samaranch, 89, Shaped Face Of Modern Olympics : NPR Former International Olympic Committee president Juan Antonio Samaranch died Wednesday at age 89. The Spaniard is being remembered as the man who shaped the face of the modern Olympic movement. STEVE INSKEEP, host: The man who led the Olympics for two decades has died. Juan Antonio Samaranch was 89. He presided over the International Olympic Committee during times of triumph and times of scandal. NPR's Howard Berkes has covered both over the years. He's on the line. Hi, Howard. HOWARD BERKES: Good morning, Steve. INSKEEP: I suppose it's worth remembering the amazing era in which this man presided over the Olympics, beginning in 1980. BERKES: Well, it was a time which gave Juan Antonio Samaranch the opportunity to both be the savior of the Olympics and to show that he was a bit tone deaf when it came to some very serious problems for the games, like performance-enhancing drugs and ethics. He went into the IOC at a time of great crises. The organization was near bankruptcy. There were political boycotts. Jimmy Carter had arranged the boycott of the 1980 games in Moscow. But at the end of this two decade-long tenure, the IOC went through two of its most serious scandals ever. In between, he was able to elevate the international stature of the organization. He considered himself a kind of Olympic diplomat, which was a remnant of his time as a Spanish ambassador to Moscow in the fascist regime of Francisco Franco. He liked to be referred to as his Excellency, even when he was at the IOC. Reporters ridiculed him for that and for being imperious. But he did pull the Olympics out of very serious crises early in his tenure. So he can't be dismissed, certainly. INSKEEP: And there were big and successful Olympics, like the ones in 1984 in Los Angeles. But you used the phrase tone deaf in the way that he handled scandals over doping and also bribery, I suppose we should mention. BERKES: Right. The problem of performance-enhancing drugs existed early in his tenure, and he just didn't believe that it was a problem. He didn't pay much attention to it. Famously, in 1998, during the scandal involving the Tour de France, Samaranch said that unless the athletes were hurting themselves, this wasn't a problem. And there was huge negative reaction to that, because, you know, there's the issue of fairness with doping, of whether the playing field is level. And that negative reaction prompted a change in his position and the position of the IOC, and they quickly then started to tackle doping in a serious way, organizing the World Anti-Doping Agency. Something similar happened with a culture of corruption at the IOC, which existed, again, early in his tenure. But Samaranch always said show me the proof. I hear rumors about it. Show me the proof. He never bothered, by the way, to investigate and dig up the proof. And then in 1998, when a television station in Salt Lake City provided proof, it was proof that was devastating to the IOC, millions of dollars in what were essentially brides, and a huge problem for Samaranch and for the organization. INSKEEP: And then he left in 2001. We've just got a few seconds. I want to ask one other question, Howard Berkes. In the end, the Olympics are a big show. What kind of a showman was he? BERKES: I don't know that showman would be a term associated with Juan Antonio Samaranch. He was a diminutive, quiet, as I said, diplomatic kind of man, not demonstrative at all, feared by people at the IOC. He wasn't a showman himself, but he surrounded himself with people who could make the organization both a financial success and a diplomatic success in terms of international acceptance. And he will be remembered for that, certainly. INSKEEP: NPR's Howard Berkes. Thanks very much. BERKES: You're welcome, Steve. INSKEEP: And Juan Antonio Samaranch has died at the age of 89. This is NPR News. Copyright © 2010 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on


What chemical element's symbol derives from the Latin word aurum, meaning 'shining dawn'?

Gold - Chemistry Encyclopedia - elements, metal, name, symbol Gold - Chemistry Encyclopedia MOST COMMON IONS: Au + , Au 3+ , Gold is a soft, malleable yellow metal . If finely divided, it may be black, ruby, or purple. The name of the    element is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word geolo, meaning "yellow." The symbol Au is derived from the Latin    word aurum, meaning "shining dawn." Gold is the most malleable and ductile metal known. Approximately 28 grams (1 ounce) of gold can be hammered to    form a piece that is 28 square meters (300 square feet). It is a good    conductor of heat and electricity, and unreactive in air and most reagents . It forms ionic compounds primarily as a +3 ion; the most common    compounds are gold (III) chloride (AuCl 3 ), and chlorauric acid (HAuCl 4 ). The relative abundance of gold is 0.004 part per million (ppm) in    Earth's crust. Deposits of the metal are found in South Africa,    Siberia, North America, and South America. Gold has one naturally    occurring isotope ( 197 Au) and forty-five synthetic isotopes. Found in association with quartz or pyrite, gold occurs in veins and is    traditionally isolated from rocks by panning or sluicing; these techniques    take advantage of gold's high density. A modern method of isolation    is the cyanide process, in which gold is leached from crushed rock with an    aerated solution of sodium cyanide. The gold then precipitates upon    addition of zinc dust and is purified by electrolytic refining. Gold was used as early as the late Stone Age for ornamental purposes    (e.g., jewelry and plating) and more recently as a monetary standard. It    is a component of electrical connectors in computer equipment due to its    high electrical conductivity. Its unreactivity in air leads to its use for    corrosion-free contacts in electrical connections. As an excellent    conductor of heat, it is used in the main engine nozzle of the space    shuttle. Since gold is the most reflective of all metals, it is used as a    coating for space satellites, face shields for astronauts, and windows.    Chlorauric acid is used in photography; disodium aurothiomalate is given    as a treatment for arthritis. SEE ALSO


Derived from the Greek word meaning perimeter, what is the text form of the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet?

Greek Alphabet « GraecoMuse June 12, 2013 When you first enter an ancient history or archaeology degree you are introduced to several sets of material evidence. Notably, the archaeology, material evidence, and philological evidence. But the philological side is more often than not rarely mentioned again. This is quite a shame considering some of the most interesting and revealing information comes from the ancient written sources. People generally fall into the trap of ignoring the writing in favour of the archaeology and artefacts and frankly you can’t really blame them because humans are naturally attracted to pretty visual things. I see this every day with the likes and shares on my Facebook page. But philology is all important too and if students can learn even a little about ancient writing and textual criticism, a whole new side to history and analysis opens up to them as it should. DSCN0428BB – Clay Tablets with Liner B Script (Photo credit: archer10 (Dennis)) Philology is derived from the  Greek  terms φίλος (love) and λόγος (word, reason) and literally means a ‘love of words’. It is the study of language in literary sources and is a combination of literary studies , history and linguistics.  Philology  is generally associated with Greek and Classical Latin, in which it is termed philologia. The study of philology originated in  European  Renaissance Humanism in regards to Classical Philology but this has since been combined to include in its definition the study of both European and non- European languages . The idea of philology has been carried through the Greek and Latin  literature  into the English language around the sixteenth century through the French term philologie meaning also a ‘love of literature’ from the same word roots. Generally philology has a focus on historical development. It helps establish the authenticity of literary texts and their original form and with this the determination of their meaning. It is a branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development and relationships of a language or languages. This makes it all the more significant to study as language is one of the main building blocks of civilisation. There are several branches of philological studies that can also be undertaken: Comparative philology is a branch of philology which analyses the relationship or correspondences between languages. For instance, the commonalities between Latin and  Etruscan  or further flung languages of Asian or  African  provinces. It uses pre-determined techniques to discover whether languages hold common ancestors or influences. It uses comparison of grammar and spelling which was first deemed useful in the 19th century and has developed ever since. The study of comparative philology was originally defined by Sir William Jones ‘ discovery in 1786 that Sanskrit was related to Greek and German as well as Latin. Cognitive philology studies written and oral texts in consideration of the human mental processes. It uses  science  to compare the results of research using psychological and artificial systems. Reconstruction of the missing Greek text on the Rosetta Stone Decipherment is another branch of philology which looks at resurrecting dead languages and previously unread texts such as done and achieved by Jean-Francois Champollion in the decipherment of Hieroglyphs with the use of the Rosetta Stone . And more recently by Michael Ventris in the decipherment of Linear B. Decipherment would be key to the understanding of still little understood languages such as Linear A. Decipherment uses known languages, grammatical tools and vocabulary to find and apply comparisons within an unread text. By doing so more of the text can be read gradually as similarities and grammatical forms become better understood. The remaining text can then be filled in through further comparison, analysis, and elimination of incorrect solutions. Textual philology editing is yet another branch of philology with includes the study of texts and their history in a sense including textual criticism. This branch


What Portuguese island suffered severe storm floods in February 2010?

Madeira hit by flash flooding and mudslides 20.02.2010 - YouTube Madeira hit by flash flooding and mudslides 20.02.2010 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Feb 21, 2010 Severe rainstorms have battered the island, with homes and bridges destroyed or damaged by streams of mud and water. The Airport was closed and telephone links cut although some people have been able to text and telephone on landlines. Category


Diastema is the medical term for the gap between what in the human body?

Diastema | definition of diastema by Medical dictionary Diastema | definition of diastema by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diastema  [di″ah-ste´mah] (pl. diaste´mata) (Gr.) a space or cleft. di·a·ste·ma·ta (dī'ă-stē'mă, -stē'mă-tă), 1. Space between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch. 2. Fissure or abnormal opening in any part, especially if congenital. 3. Cleft or space between the maxillary lateral incisor and canine teeth, into which the lower canine is received when the jaws are closed; abnormal in humans but normal in dogs and many other animals. [G. diastēma, an interval] /di·a·ste·ma/ (di″ah-ste´mah) pl. diaste´mata   [Gr.] 1. a space or cleft. 2. a space between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch. 3. a narrow zone in the equatorial plane through which the cytosome divides in mitosis. diastema n. pl. diaste·mata (-mə-tə) A gap or space between two teeth. di′a·ste·mat′ic (-stə-măt′ĭk) adj. diastema [dī′əstē′mə] Etymology: Gk, interval a space between two teeth in the same dental arch not caused by the loss of a tooth between them. It occurs most commonly between the maxillary central incisors in adults. di·a·ste·ma 1. Fissure or abnormal opening in any part, especially if congenital. 2. Space between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch. 3. A space between teeth not due to missing teeth. 4. A space between the upper central incisors in humans, or a space between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch, especially that between the upper lateral incisor and the adjacent canine, into which the lower canine closes in the Carnivora, such as dogs.


Jibbons and scallions are alternative words for which vegetables?

Scallion - definition of scallion by The Free Dictionary Scallion - definition of scallion by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scallion Related to scallion: kosher salt scal·lion  (skăl′yən) n. 1. A bunching onion or a young onion harvested before the bulb develops. Also called green onion. 2. Any of several onionlike plants, such as a shallot. [Middle English scaloun, from Anglo-Norman scalun, from Vulgar Latin *escalōnia, alteration of Latin (caepa) Ascalōnia, Ascalonian (onion), shallot, feminine of Ascalōnius, Ascalonian, from AscalōAscalōn-, , Ascalon (Ashkelon), an ancient city of southwest Palestine, from Hebrew 'ašqəlôn; see ṯql in the Appendix of Semitic roots.] scallion (ˈskæljən) n (Cookery) any of various onions or similar plants, such as the spring onion, that have a small bulb and long leaves and are eaten in salads. Also called: green onion [C14: from Anglo-French scalun, from Latin Ascalōnia (caepa) Ascalonian (onion), from Ascalo Ascalon, a Palestinian port] scal•lion


Who became Baron of Kington-upon-Hull when joining the House of Lords in July 2010?

Lord Prescott takes his place in the House of Lords - BBC News BBC News Lord Prescott takes his place in the House of Lords 8 July 2010 Close share panel John Prescott has taken up his seat in the House of Lords, becoming Baron Prescott of Kingston-Upon-Hull. Labour's former deputy PM was among a number of ex-ministers to be given peerages after the election in May. Lord Prescott, deputy to Tony Blair for 10 years, was watched by his wife Pauline, who sat in one of the public viewing galleries. Although reportedly against taking a peerage in the past, he now says it will enable him to campaign on issues. The 72-year old has officially became Baron Prescott during a short ceremony in the House of Lords, although he will be known as Lord Prescott. I tell you what. The Lords is a place of class, no doubt about that, and I'd like to be in the battle there, like I am elsewhere Lord Prescott Wearing traditional ermine robes, he pledged allegiance to the Queen, signed the official documents before departing the Lords chamber, pausing briefly to chat to Conservative peer Lord Strathclyde, the leader of the house. After he stood down as deputy leader in 2007, Mr Prescott reportedly indicated that he would not be following in their footsteps. "I don't want to be a member of the House of Lords," the Daily Mail reported him as saying in August 2008, although he denies ever saying it. Mr Prescott has remained active in political life despite standing down as the MP for Hull East at the last election. Politically active He campaigned vigorously for Labour - travelling the country in a battle bus - and has since said he wants to be the party's Treasurer to help improve its finances. Speaking after it was announced he would be nominated for a peerage in May, he said he was not ready for "his pipe and slippers" yet. "I tell you what. The Lords is a place of class, no doubt about that, and I'd like to be in the battle there, like I am elsewhere," he said. He said he wanted a platform to continue to make the case for jobs, social justice and environmental protection and denied he had been talked into it by his wife. "I make my own decisions. Of course I'd be influenced by my wife, but I'm not doing it for that." Former Labour MPs Quentin Davies, who defected from the Tories in 2007 and became a defence minister, and ex-Cabinet Office minister Angela Smith also took their places in the Lords. They were sworn in as Lord Davies of Stamford and Baroness Smith of Basildon.


Which instrument was American bandleader Glenn Miller famous for playing?

Glenn Miller - Music on Google Play Glenn Miller About the artist Alton Glenn Miller was an American big band musician, arranger, composer, and bandleader in the swing era. He was the best-selling recording artist from 1939 to 1943, leading one of the best known big bands. Miller's recordings include "In the Mood", "Moonlight Serenade", "Pennsylvania 6-5000", "Chattanooga Choo Choo", "A String of Pearls", "At Last", " Kalamazoo", "American Patrol", "Tuxedo Junction", "Elmer's Tune", and "Little Brown Jug". While he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II, Miller's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel. Gene Krupa 0 Benjamin David "Benny" Goodman was an American jazz and swing musician, clarinetist and bandleader, known as the "King of Swing". In the mid-1930s, Goodman led one of the most popular musical group... 0 Tommy Dorsey 0 Thomas Francis "Tommy" Dorsey, Jr. was an American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the Big Band era. He was known as the "Sentimental Gentleman of Swing", because of his smoo... 0 Louis Armstrong 0 Louis Armstrong, nicknamed Satchmo or Pops, was an American trumpeter, composer, singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz. His career spanned five decades, fr... 0 The Andrews Sisters 0 The Andrews Sisters were an American close harmony singing group of the swing and boogie-woogie eras. The group consisted of three sisters: contralto LaVerne Sophia, soprano Maxene Angelyn, and mez... 0 Frank Sinatra 0 Francis Albert Sinatra was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the best-selling music artists o... 0 Harry James 0 Harry Haag James was an American musician who is best known as a trumpet playing band leader who led a big band from 1939 to 1946. He broke up his band for a short period in 1947 but shortly after ... 0 Nat King Cole 0 Nathaniel Adams Coles, known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an American singer who first came to prominence as a leading jazz pianist. He was widely noted for his soft baritone voice, perform... 0 Count Basie 0 William James "Count" Basie was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. His mother taught him to play the piano and he started performing in his teens. Dropping out of school,... 0 Woody Herman 0 Woodrow Charles "Woody" Herman was an American jazz clarinetist, alto saxophonist, singer, and big band leader. Leading various groups called "The Herd", Herman was one of the most popular of the 1... 0 BBC Big Band 0 The BBC Big Band, originally known as the BBC Radio Big Band is a British big band run under the auspices of the BBC. The band broadcasts exclusively on BBC Radio, particularly on BBC Radio 2's lon... 0 Duke Ellington 0 Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was an American composer, pianist, and bandleader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death in a career spanning over fifty years. Born in Washingt...


Name Charles Dickens' first novel, featuring the characters Nathaniel Winkle, Augustus Snodgrass and 'the fat boy' Joe?

The Pickwick Papers Summary     Charles Dickens | Plot Summaries | Illustrations | Photographs | Site Map | The Pickwick Papers The Pickwick Papers (The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, shortened to The Pickwick Papers, 1836) was the first novel by English writer Charles Dickens. It is considered a masterpiece of British literature. Summary and Publication History The novel was published as a serial, issued in instalments, as was common with many other works at the time. Dickens was commissioned to write the book by his publisher, who originally wanted Dickens to merely provide the text to complement illustrations by Robert Seymour , who had proposed to draw a series of illustrations surrounding the comic adventures of the members of a sporting club. However, Dickens indicated that he knew nothing about hunting and other sports activities, and so he redefined the work. The original concept of a group of characters experiencing comical adventures was retained, but in Dickens' version the characters belonged to the Pickwick Club, named after its founder and perpetual president Samuel Pickwick. The objective of the club is to explore life and to this end, Pickwick and the other members of the Club make journeys out of London to various parts of England, meeting quaint and bizarre character along the way. Some critics have seen similarities between the Pickwick Papers and other picaresque novels such as Don Quixote, Robert Seymour was relegated to a secondary role, and now instead of Dickens providing the text to illustrations created by Seymour, Seymour was required to illustrate Dickens's writing. Only part way through the publication of the book, Seymour committed suicide, apparently despondent over a number of reverses including his lack of creative control over the Pickwick Papers. A controversy developed as to whether Seymour ought to have been credited with the idea for the Pickwick Papers, but Dickens and his publisher denied that Seymour had any meaningful input. Mr Pickwick Chases his Hat - Illustration by Robert Seymour The Pickwick Papers became a publishing phenomenon. Readers eagerly awaited each new instalment; those who could afford to buy a copy would read it to their friends and relatives who could not. The success of the book was due to Dickens' creation of a cast of eccentric, humorous characters as well as his nostalgic portrait of England which contrasted with the cynical reality of the time. The Pickwick Papers was published in 19 episodes spread over 20 months; the last instalment was of double length and cost two shillings since Dickens had skipped the May 1837 issue due to the death of his sister, Mary Hogarth. Each instalment was usually published at the end of the month. As the author's first novel, The Pickwick Papers had a somewhat troubled history: the first two issues included four illustrations by Robert Seymour and 24 pages of text. After the suicide of the artist, the latter was replaced by RW Buss for the third instalment and the composition of the editions was changed to two illustrations and two pages of text each. However, Buss did not like the work and so he was replaced in turn by Hablot Knight Browne (Phiz) for the fourth instalments. This was the beginning of a very fruitful collaboration between Phiz and Dickens; Phiz continued to work for the author for over 23 years. The Pickwick Papers describes the travels of Mr. Samuel Pickwick, founder of the Pickwick Club, with his friends Nathaniel Winkle, Augustus Snodgrass and Tracy Tupman through early nineteenth century England. The book features a cast of bizarre characters and situations. There is no overriding plot to the novel, but rather a series of somewhat connected vignettes involving the characters. One story involves a lawsuit between Mr. Pickwick and his landlady, who, due to a misunderstanding, sues Mr. Pickwick for breach of promise to marry. The landlady wins the lawsuit and is awarded damages, but Mr. Pickwick stubbornly refuses to pay her and so is imprisoned in the Marshalsea , the prison for debtors ( a recurrin


Sir Edmund Barton became the first prime minister of which country in 1901?

Edmund Barton | National Museum of Australia Prime Minister from 1 January 1901 to 24 September 1903 Edmund Barton. Photo: National Library of Australia, nla.pic-an22942278. Edmund Barton became Australia's first Prime Minister on New Year's Day 1901 at a huge public ceremony in Centennial Park in Sydney. Barton was certainly qualified for his new job. He'd been a member of the New South Wales parliament for 20 years, and had served terms as Speaker of its Legislative Assembly, Attorney-General and Leader of the Opposition. Barton had worked on Federation for 10 years, and became Australia's first Prime Minister because the supporters of Federation trusted him. Beginnings Edmund Barton was born in Glebe, New South Wales, on 18 January 1849. He was one of nine children of William Barton and Mary Louise Whydah, English immigrants who arrived in Australia in 1824. William was a secretary and accountant for an agricultural company, and later became a stockbroker. Mary ran a school for girls. Barton attended Fort Street school from 1856 to 1858 and then went to Sydney Grammar. He went on to the University of Sydney, from which he graduated with a BA in 1868 and an MA in 1870. He became a barrister in 1871 and set up a successful legal practice. He joined the Sydney Mechanics Institute to learn the art of debating. He married Jane (Jeanie) Mason Ross in 1877, and they had six children. Barton entered New South Wales colonial politics in 1877, standing unsuccessfully as a candidate for the University seat in the Legislative Assembly, but winning the seat in 1879. He switched to the Wellington seat in 1880, then in 1882 to East Sydney, which he held until 1887. He was an appointed member of the Legislative Council from 1887 to 1891, then regained East Sydney in 1891, held it until 1894 and then lost it again. He became a member of the Legislative Council again from 1897 to 1898, and was then re-elected to the Legislative Assembly for Hastings-Macleay, which he represented from 1897 to 1899. He held various positions while a member of colonial parliament, including Speaker of the Legislative Assembly 1883-87, Attorney-General 1889 and 1891-93, and Leader of the Opposition from 1898 to 1899. Barton attended the Federal Convention in Sydney in March 1891 as a delegate for New South Wales and was a member of the constitution committee. The idea for a convention had sprung from a speech given at Tenterfield, New South Wales, on 24 October 1889 by Henry Parkes, the 'Father of Federation'. Parkes had called for a strong central federal parliament. The premiers' meeting in Melbourne in February 1890 discussed Parkes' proposals, and agreed to call a Federal Convention the following year. At the first Federal Convention in March 1891, 46 delegates from all six Australian colonies and New Zealand met in Sydney and produced a draft Constitution Bill. When Parkes lost government in October 1891 he asked Barton, by now a convinced federalist, to take over the leadership of the federal movement. Barton worked tirelessly to promote Federation through the formation of local branches of the Australasian Federal Leagues. From 1893 to 1897 he addressed 300 meetings in New South Wales. In January 1895 the premiers met in Hobart. They agreed that enabling Acts should be passed in colonial parliaments to allow for popular election of delegates, and for a referendum to approve a draft Constitution. Barton topped the New South Wales poll to elect delegates to the second Federal Convention, gaining 75 per cent of the total votes. When the second Federal Convention began meeting in March 1897, it appointed Barton 'Leader of the Convention', chairman of the constitutional committee and chairman of the drafting sub-committee. Barton and his supporters conducted a vigorous pro-Federation campaign preceding the June 1898 referendum on Federation. The Constitution was accepted by the required majority in South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria, but not in New South Wales. At the New South Wales election in July 1898, dominated by the Federation issue, Barton wo


Photophobia is extreme sensitivity to, or fear of, what?

Photophobia – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Photophobia – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Lifestyle and General Health What is Photophobia? This is an eye condition described as a very abnormally high sensitivity to all types of light, ranging from fluorescents to sunlight. While “ photophobia ” really means when translated exactly “fear of light,” advocating that this is a psychosomatic problem, it really should be accurately termed “aversion to light” when used in this situation. A diversity of things may cause photophobia and there are a number of treatments presented, depending on the primary cause. Many individuals have sensitivity to sunlight and normally wear sunglasses to protect their eyes. But when a person is unable to bear bright light and literally experiences intense pain as well as migraines then they are likely to have photophobia. It is not caused by any type of underlying disease but it can be associated to some eye problems, which can be aggravated whether in low or soft light. Photophobia Symptoms Photophobia is in some causes actually a common symptom and in many cases is not caused by any causal illness or eye difficulty. Photophobia which is severe can be linked to problems with the eye and can cause serious eye pain even in very low light. This condition has some symptoms other than just sensitivity to light and they include: Inflammation of eye when tears may or may not be present Atrophy of optic nerve caused by excessive use of alcohol Irritation of brain and nerves caused by excessive use of alcohol Swelling of the eyes Shooting pains in the head as well as the temples Headaches Vidarabine Vitamin D Analog If an individual is being treated with any of these medications and is experiencing photophobia they should contact their physician before stopping any medical therapy. Medical professionals are working on research which is showing that photophobia may be more than a psychological disorder than a physical problem. It has been observed that individuals suffering from the following are more vulnerable to photophobia: Depression Agoraphobia Migraines The disorder intensity varies among individuals and also by season. Obviously, the condition will be much less obvious in the months during winter. Physicians support wearing glasses with rose-tinting rather than glasses which are dark since the latter could actually be exacerbating this problem. Many physicians are assertive that once they can establish the neural pathway which generates sensitivity to light and exactly how the brain is wired they will be better able to treat this condition. Advertisement Photophobia is also associated with other problems which include: Botulism Relaxation techniques – controlled breathing, visualization Medication for anxiety Some individuals resort to remedies such as wearing sunglasses, staying in dark rooms with blinds closed as well as doing whatever is necessary to generally avoid sunlight. If this condition continues indoors with very little light or the pain is extremely severe than that individual should see a physician to seek medical treatment and management. The physician will examine the eye with a biomicroscopy which will check the iris, lens and cornea as well as eyelid. He/she may also suggest a corneal scraping and also in some cases a lumbar puncture also referred to as a spinal tap. The individual may also wear wide-brimmed hats as well as UV sunglasses from the protection of harsh light sources. Some individuals with photophobia which is serious may need prosthetic prescription safety glasses that prevent large amount of lights from entering the eyes. Lifestyle and General Health


Milou is the French name of which cartoon character's dog?

Names of main Tintin characters in different languages | Tintinologist.org about Names of Main Tintin Characters in Different Languages Maintained by Tintinologist.org staff Irene Mar . Contributions from: Anirban Bhattacharjee, Finlay Chalmers, Baishampayan Ghose, Gorka, Ivana, Tintinologist.org staff Anders Karlsson , Başar Kocaoğlu, Chikahiro Masami, Mokhammad Misdianto, Amir Moradian, Ian Nguyen, Denis Paquet, Kirill Polsatchev, Sambeet, and Roman Zdz. Revised: 24 September 2013. Latest change: corrected entries under Czech and Slovakian - thanks to Ivana for advising the correct names. Corrected Tintin's name in Basque - thanks to Gorka for the correction. English Johnes Notes Bengali: In Bengali, Thomson and Thompson are referred to as “Manikjor” (twins) as a team; individually they are “Johnson” and “Ronson”. [AB] and [Sambeet] Farsi/Persian: When the Persian/Farsi Tintin books were re-printed, some character names got changed to conform to the English translations. While Tintin is still Tan-Tan, Milou is now Barfy (literally “snowy”), Douponte and Doupone are now Thomson and Thompson (pronounced in Persian the same as in English), and Professor Calculus is Calcooles (Persian transliteration of Calculus). [DP] Indonesian: Names of main Tintin characters in Indonesian albums published by Indira before April 2008: Tintin, Snowy, Haddock, Calculus, Thomson, Thompson. [MM] Slovakian: No official translation in Slovakian exists. According to reader Ivana: “We [Slovaks] have accepted the Czech translation, as we understand the language.” Turkish: In some Turkish translations, Milou’s name is Fındık, which roughly translates as nut. The name “Boncuk” (meaning “bead”) appears in translations from the 1980s and 1990s. Professor Tournesol’s name mostly appears as “Turnesol”, but “Turnösol” has also been used. [Başar Kocaoğlu]


Which major UK racecourse is at Prestbury Park?

Cheltenham Horse Racing at Prestbury Park The Local Time is Friday, 20-Jan-2017 12:05:31 GMT Cheltenham Horse Racing at Prestbury Park     CORPORATE ADVERTISERS This advertisement is being seen at least           4000 times per day by people wanting accommodation, tours,          and Cotswolds information. Don't miss out on this valuable advertising          space!! Cheltenham horse racing        is a great day out for all. There are three       enclosures to choose from and from wherever you are guaranteed stunning       views of all the racing. The Festival Week - 15th to 18th March 2016 The Festival™ epitomises and encompasses everything that is great about Jump racing, whilst delivering an unbelievable occasion as the finest horses, jockeys, owners and trainers battle it out for the highest racing honours. Champion Day - Tuesday 15 March Ladies Day - Wednesday 16 March St Patrick's Day - Thursday 17 March Gold Cup Day - Friday 18 March Bookings can be taken for both restaurants and private boxes and tours of the racecourse are available free for people who wish to learn the history and magic of Cheltenham horse racing. For more information on the town of Cheltenham For Special and Exclusive Accommodation for Cheltenham Gold Cup Week Address: Course Details National Hunt: Left-handed oval course with the last 4 furlongs uphill all the         way. Fences are generally fair but the open ditches are wider        than usual. Location map of: Cheltenham Racecourse Getting There By Car: The course is a mile from Cheltenham town centre. Take the A40        or M5 to Cheltenham and follow the AA signs to the course. By Train: Lovely country home Bed and Breakfast offers guests a wonderfully relaxing stay in the Cotswold of village of Aldsworth Perfect GOLD CUP Accommodation Stunning self contained Coach House ( sleeps 6 + ) ( B&B / transport / dinner options available) This lovely country home offers the perfect stay for Cheltenham Races  - set in the unspoilt and friendly Cotswold of village of Aldsworth with the best of the racing pubs close by - Stay where the owners and trainers are based and enjoy the real Gloucestershire excitement that is Gold Cup week Just off the A40 , Aldsworth is an easy run to the racecourse. Your host ( rated 5 star by Air B&B) is happy to sort out transport to and from the race course and also do drop offs/ pick ups from the pubs ! Our friendly village pub is just a short walk away too. The spacious Coach House apartment offers a  totally private and relaxing  stay -  perfect for groups of friends . Beautifully styled and recently renovated, the Coach House sleeps 6 / 7 easily – having 3 large bedrooms and bathrooms which all come with Wifi, TV’s, dressing gowns and all the little extras. The huge Hayloft sitting room has a Smart TV, large corner sofa plus sofa bed and incorporates both a fully kitted kitchen and dining area.  With its high vaulted ceiling, panelled walls and oak floor it’s the ideal area for socialising before and after your day at the races....... Your host fills your fridge with local organic breakfast ingredients, but can provide a huge cooked breakfast from locally sources ingredients in the main house dining hall should you wish to be spoilt ....... also we can do post racing dinners by the fire should you be too tired to go out . As a former racing guest put......... “ The accommodation, host and breakfast are a 10 out of 10 -  and it’s great fun !”” xx Celebrate the best race meet of the year here at the Stable House xx THE COACH HOUSE CAN BE BOOKED AS A WHOLE OR ON A ROOM BY ROOM BASIS: PRICES £100 PER ROOM PER NIGHT.  THE COACH HOUSE – DETAILS Up the traditional old outside steps from the garden is the stable door entrance into the Hayloft sitting room. Over 17ft long with a vast high beamed ceiling , this beautiful room has a large corner sofa and a double sofa ( which is handy sofa bed too). As well as wifi and large Smart TV, there is a lovely dining table and fully e


Ibiza is in which Mediterranean island group?

Ibiza - Cruiseable Ibiza Travel guide to Ibiza & the Balearic Islands, Spain August 4, 2016 The vibe Where sandy beaches lead to the picturesque landscape, the Balearic Islands of Spain are majestic jewels that sparkle in the Mediterranean Sea. The archipelago consists of five major islands: Mallorca , Ibiza, Menorca, Formentera and Cabrera.       Although the economy of the Balearic Islands thrives from the agriculture and fishing industries, the unique characteristics of each island attract a magnitude of tourists who enjoy the beautiful atmosphere, pleasant weather and fascinating sites. Whether you choose to relax on the pristine beaches, shop-till-you-drop, go sightseeing or party the night away, there are assortments of exotic treasures that are lurking throughout the immaculate islands. Cruise ships that call on Ibiza SeaDream Yacht Club : SeaDream I, SeaDream II Costa Cruises: Costa Fascinosa, Costa Favolosa, Costa Fortuna, Costa neoRomantica Top reasons to go With a wildly mixed population of trendy artists, aging hippies, laid-back ex-pats, and dedicated club goers, Ibiza has a well-earned reputation for its summer club scene and nightlife. Not only is Ibiza surrounded by miles of golden beaches, but it has an amazing salt field (Las Salinas Salt Flats). The island of Cabrera is ideal for swimming among the bright-colored fish, octopi and sea slugs that populate the sea. manuelafotografa.com / Courtesy of Tourist Office of SpainLocals and visitors indulge in Mediterranean fare served at a taverna on the island of Ibiza, in the Mediterranean off the coast of Valencia in eastern Spain at Sun Sea Bar. Ibiza Known as a vibrant island, Ibiza attracts many adventure seekers and party goers from all over the world with its intense nightlife and party scene. Not only is this island surrounded by miles of golden beaches, but it has an amazing salt field (Las Salinas Salt Flats). During the summer, deposits of crystal-like salt can be seen glistening in the sun. For visitors seeking outdoor fun, the picturesque sea is a gateway to exciting thrills like coral yachting and sailing. Ibiza is also outlined with numerous trails that lead bikers and hikers to the natural beauty that adorn the island. Acres of picturesque olive trees, almond groves and manicured grasslands fill the undisturbed spaces, while exquisite monuments and white villages provide insight into Ibiza’s ancient civilization. The Archeological Museum houses collections of historical artifacts and findings dating back to the prehistory and Islamic Middles Ages periods. Mallorca The largest of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca  is known as an easy-to-reach mecca for friends of sunny beaches, amazing landscapes, wonderful mountains and affordable Mediterranean food. The island has beautiful white sand and crystal water beaches, which serve as a major attraction during high season. The historic tram in Sóller also offers an old-fashioned ride to various locations within the city.  Menorca With a population of about 95,000 residents, Menorca is a relaxing destination. Encircled with more beaches than its neighboring Balearic Islands, it is the perfect location to get your much needed rest.  Along with the beautiful beaches, Menorca offers a plethora of attractions foretelling the island’s past. The Military Museum features interesting displays of military instruments such as canons and guns that tell historic tales about the significance of war. Through the cobblestone streets of the city of Ciutadela, you will see elaborate Italian style architecture and panoramic views of Majorca’s mountains. Formentera Known as the small island, Formentera offers a peaceful atmosphere where sites of the tranquil water can be seen from almost every corner. Hikers and cyclers can enjoy the pleasant weather by trekking the numerous trails within the gorgeous landscape. The island’s heritage can be seen on the infrastructure that is dotted with interesting buildings and monuments.  The ancient design of the church of San Francisco Javier is an administrative center and preserves an o


In medicine, carditis is the inflammation of which organ of the human body?

Definition of Carditis Definition of Carditis Carditis: Inflammation of the heart. Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016 Use the pill finder tool on RxList. Heart Health Newsletter Sign up to stay informed with the latest heart-health related updates on MedicineNet delivered to your inbox FREE! BONUS! Get a Free Health & Wellness PDF Guide when you sign up!


Loosely translated to mean 'hollow bone' what is the Italian food made from veal shank?

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In early UK beer production what is a kiln for drying hops popularly called?

A Modern Herbal | Hops ---Cultivation--- It has been estimated that in pre-war times 70 per cent of the Hops used in brewing was home produce and 30 per cent imported, chiefly from the United States and Germany. Hops are also grown in France, South Russia, Australia and New Zealand. The cultivation of Hops in the British Islands is restricted to England, where it is practically confined to half a dozen counties: four in the south-east (Kent, Surrey, Hants and Sussex) and two in the western Midland counties (Worcester and Hereford). As a rule, over 60 per cent of home-grown Hops are grown in Kent. In the years 1898-1907, the average annual acreage of Hops under cultivation in this country was 48,841 acres (being 51,127 acres in 1901 and 33,763 acres in 1907). The average annual yield per acre for these ten years was 8.84 cwt., and the average annual home produce 434,567 cwt. In 1907 Kent had under cultivation 28,169 acres; Hereford, 6,143; Sussex, 4,243; Worcester, 3,622; Hants; 1,842, and Surrey, 744. Hops require deep, rich soil, on dry bottom, with south or south-west aspect - free circulation of air is necessary. The ground is generally well pulverized and manured to considerable depth by plough or spade before planting. Hops in Kent are usually planted in October or November, the plants being placed 6 feet apart each way, thus giving 1,210 plant centres to the acre. The plants are usually set in 'stools' of from three to five, a few inches apart. They are obtained from cuttings or suckers taken from the healthiest old shoots, which are usually planted out closely in nursery lines a year before being planted permanently. Very little growth takes place the first year. Some planters still grow potatoes or mangels between the rows of the first year, as the plants do not bear much till the second year, but this is considered a mistake, as it exhausts the ground. As a rule, the plants are not full bearing till the third year, when four to six poles from 14 to 18 feet long are required for each stool. The most used timber for Hop poles is Spanish Chestnut, which is largely grown for this special purpose in coppices in hopgrowing districts. Ash is also used. The poles are set to the plants in spring, before growth commences, and removed when the latter are cut away in autumn. The plants are then dressed with manure, and the soil between the stools stirred lightly. Much of the Hop-land is ploughed between the rows, but it is better to dig Hop-land if possible, the tool used being the Kent spud. Experiments in Hop manuring have been conducted in connexion with the South-East Agricultural College, Wye. The main results have been to demonstrate the necessity of a liberal supply of phosphates, if the full benefit is to be reaped from application of nitrogenous manures. Manuring is applied in the winter and dug or ploughed in. London manure from stables is used to an enormous extent. Rags, fur waste, sprats, wood waste and shoddy, are also put on in the winter. In the summer, rape dust, guano, nitrate of soda and various patent Hopmanures are chopped in with the Canterbury hoe. Fish guano, or desiccated fish, is largely used; it is very stimulating and more lasting than some of the forcing manures. Hop-land is ploughed or dug between November and March. After this, the plants are trimmed or 'dressed,' i.e. all the old bine ends are cut off with a sharp curved Hop-knife and the plant centres kept level with the ground. Much attention is required to keep the bines in their places on the poles, strings or wire during the summer. The Hop cones - or strobiles - are fit to gather when a brown-amber colour and of a firm consistence. The stalks are then cut at the base and removed with the poles and laid horizontally on frames of wood, to each of which is attached a large sack into which the Hops fall as they are picked. When picked, the Hops are at once taken to the kiln or oast-house, and dried, as they are liable to become spoiled in a few hours, especially when picked moist. During the process of drying which is carried out in a simil


What is the Capital of Haiti? - Capital-of.com Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com Capital of Haiti The Capital City of Haiti (officially named Republic of Haiti) is the city of Port-au-Prince. The population of Port-au-Prince in the year 2007 was 1,082,800. Haiti is a French speaking country in the Caribbean Sea. Additional Information


What is the surname of Truman, played by Jim Carrey, in the 1998 film The Truman Show?

The Truman Show (1998) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error An insurance salesman/adjuster discovers his entire life is actually a television show. Director: a list of 35 titles created 30 Sep 2011 a list of 26 titles created 03 Dec 2012 a list of 34 titles created 28 Dec 2012 a list of 36 titles created 19 Apr 2015 a list of 37 titles created 8 months ago Title: The Truman Show (1998) 8.1/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     3     Oscars. Another    38 wins & 66 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A boy who communicates with spirits that don't know they're dead seeks the help of a disheartened child psychologist. Director: M. Night Shyamalan When their relationship turns sour, a couple undergoes a procedure to have each other erased from their memories. But it is only through the process of loss that they discover what they had to begin with. Director: Michel Gondry During a preview tour, a theme park suffers a major power breakdown that allows its cloned dinosaur exhibits to run amok. Director: Steven Spielberg In a future British tyranny, a shadowy freedom fighter, known only by the alias of "V", plots to overthrow it with the help of a young woman. Director: James McTeigue The true story of Frank Abagnale Jr. who, before his 19th birthday, successfully conned millions of dollars' worth of checks as a Pan Am pilot, doctor, and legal prosecutor. Director: Steven Spielberg In 1954, a U.S. marshal investigates the disappearance of a murderess who escaped from a hospital for the criminally insane. Director: Martin Scorsese A sexually frustrated suburban father has a mid-life crisis after becoming infatuated with his daughter's best friend. Director: Sam Mendes A troubled teenager is plagued by visions of a man in a large rabbit suit who manipulates him to commit a series of crimes, after he narrowly escapes a bizarre accident. Director: Richard Kelly The Bride wakens from a four-year coma. The child she carried in her womb is gone. Now she must wreak vengeance on the team of assassins who betrayed her - a team she was once part of. Director: Quentin Tarantino Marty McFly, a 17-year-old high school student, is accidentally sent 30 years into the past in a time-traveling DeLorean invented by his close friend, the maverick scientist Doc Brown. Director: Robert Zemeckis After John Nash , a brilliant but asocial mathematician, accepts secret work in cryptography, his life takes a turn for the nightmarish. Director: Ron Howard Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. Director: Robert Zemeckis Edit Storyline In this movie, Truman is a man whose life is a fake one... The place he lives is in fact a big studio with hidden cameras everywhere, and all his friends and people around him, are actors who play their roles in the most popular TV-series in the world: The Truman Show. Truman thinks that he is an ordinary man with an ordinary life and has no idea about how he is exploited. Until one day... he finds out everything. Will he react? Written by Chris Makrozahopoulos <makzax@hotmail.com> We like to watch! See more  » Genres: Rated PG for thematic elements and mild language | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 5 June 1998 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: $31,542,121        (USA) (5 June 1998) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia In a deleted scene, Truman runs into a jogger played by the same actor who played a homeless man in a wheelchair two days earlier. See more » Goofs In the boat after the storm, Truman has a rope going over his thigh. A second later it is tied around by a big knot. See more » Quotes [first lines] Christof : We've become bored with watching actors give us phony emotions. We are tired of pyrote


The lakes Van, Tuz, Uluabat, and Beysehir are among the largest in which country?

Turkey's lakes - All About Turkey Home > Tourist Info > Turkey's lakes Lakes and Reservoirs in Turkey Turkey is a rich country for its fresh water sources, there are many rivers , lakes, lagoons and reservoirs around the country. Especially the Eastern Anatolian region and the north of the Taurus mountains in the Mediterranean region , also known as the "Lakes Region", are very rich for their lakes. The largest natural lake in Turkey is Lake Van , located between Van and Bitlis provinces in the east. Most of the lakes in Turkey are fresh water lakes, but few of them have bitter waters or salty waters. The biggest salt lake is Lake Tuz , which literally means "Salt Lake" in Turkish language . Tuz Lake and other salty lakes such as Karapinar and Palas are the main centers of salt production in Turkey . There are also several crater lakes formed by the collection of water in the crater of an ancient volcano, the Nemrut Lake in Bitlis being the biggest example of this. Although it's small in size, another famous crater lake in Turkey is Meke Lake, located at Karapinar in Konya province. There are also Karagöl (Black Lake) crater lake on Yamanlar mountain in Izmir and Gölcük crater lake in Isparta . Lately, as a result of global warming, some of the lakes in Turkey are diminuishing in size and especially smaller lakes are endangered. Below you can see a list of the natural and artificial (dam) lakes in Turkey . Natural lakes


Which phobia is colloquially associated with the disease rabies?

CDC - Rabies Rabies Global Rabies Control - Three Months, Three Continents Rabies is a preventable viral disease of mammals most often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal. The vast majority of rabies cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) each year occur in wild animals like raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes. The rabies virus infects the central nervous system, ultimately causing disease in the brain and death. The early symptoms of rabies in people are similar to that of many other illnesses, including fever, headache, and general weakness or discomfort. As the disease progresses, more specific symptoms appear and may include insomnia, anxiety, confusion, slight or partial paralysis, excitation, hallucinations, agitation, hypersalivation (increase in saliva), difficulty swallowing, and hydrophobia (fear of water). Death usually occurs within days of the onset of these symptoms. Rabies basics


Which region and river in the north of South America, now part of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, gave its name to a sweetener produced from local crops?

Guyana Guyana — Guyanese /guy'euh neez", -nees"/, n., adj. /guy an"euh, -ah"neuh/, n. an independent republic on the NE coast of South America: a former British protectorate; gained independence 1966; member of the Commonwealth of Nations. 706,116; 82,978 sq. mi. (214,913 sq. km). Cap .: Georgetown. Formerly, British Guiana . See map under Guiana . * * * Guyana Introduction Guyana  - Background: Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966 and became a republic in 1970. In 1989 Guyana launched an Economic Recovery Program, which marked a dramatic reversal from a state-controlled, socialist economy towards a more open, free market system. Results through the first decade have proven encouraging.    Geography Guyana Location: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela Geographic coordinates: 5 00 N, 59 00 W Area: total : 214,970 sq km water: 18,120 sq km land: 196,850 sq km Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Idaho Land boundaries: total : 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km Coastline: 459 km Maritime claims: continental shelf : 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM Climate: tropical ; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid- November to mid-January) Terrain: mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Roraima 2,835 m Land use: arable land: 2.44% permanent crops: 0.08% other: 97.48% (1998 est.) Irrigated land: 1,500 sq km (1998 est.) Natural hazards: flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons      Environment - current issues: water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation       Environment - international party to: Biodiversity , Climate agreements: Change , Desertification , Endangered Species , Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea , Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed , but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and Uruguay; substantial portions of its western and eastern territories are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively    People Guyana  - Population: 698,209 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy , higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 27.6% ( male 98,198; female 94,397) 15-64 years: 67.4% ( male 237,324; female 233,400) 65 years and over: 5% ( male 15,510; female 19,380) (2002 est.) Population growth rate: 0.23% (2002 est.) Birth rate: 17.89 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) Death rate: 9.33 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) Net migration rate: -6.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/ female total population: 1.01 male(s)/ female (2002 est.) Infant mortality rate: 38.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)        Life expectancy at birth: total population: 62.59 years female: 65.34 years (2002 est.) male: 59.96 years Total fertility rate: 2.09 children born/woman (2002 est.)    HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 3.01% (1999 est.)   HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 15,000 (1999 est.) AIDS: Nationality: noun : Guyanese (singular and plural)  adjective: Guyanese Ethnic groups: East Indian 50%, black 36%, Amerindian 7%, white, Chinese, and mixed 7% Religions: Christian 50%, Hindu 35%, Muslim 10%, other 5% Literacy: definition : age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98.1% male: 98.6% female: 97.5% (1995 est.)    Government Guyana  -


In the Bible, who was the sister of Mary and Lazarus?

Women of the Bible - Mary, Sister of Lazarus Women of the Bible Include this form on your page Mary of Bethany, the sister of Lazarus and Martha (John 11:1). Jesus commended her for being more interested in hearing him than in providing a bounteous dinner (Luke 10:42). She joined with Martha in saying to Jesus after the death of Lazarus, "Lord, . . . if you had been here, my brother would not have died" (John 11:21). Afterward, a week before the last Passover, when Jesus was a guest in the house of Simon the Leper (Mark 14:3), she showed her devotion to Jesus by anointing his head and feet with costly ointment and wiping his feet with her hair (John 12:3). Her act would always be remembered (Matt 26:6-13; Mark 14:3-9), an act of love and a preparation for his coming death (John 12:7-8). --------------------------------------------------------- Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Bible NIV Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 SoftKey Multimedia Inc. All Rights Reserved Mary of Bethany; sister of Lazarus and Martha; lived in Bethany (Jn 11:1), commended by Jesus (Lk 10:42), anointed feet of Jesus (Jn 12:3). --------------------------------------------------------- Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Bible NIV Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 SoftKey Multimedia Inc. All Rights Reserved


Inferno, Paradiso and Purgatorio are sections of which epic poem by Italian Dante Alighieri?

Divine Comedy | Epic Poetry Divine Comedy Home Divine Comedy The Divine Comedy is an epic poem written by Dante Alighieri between c. 1308 and his death in 1321. It is widely considered the preeminent work of Italian literature, and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature. The poem's imaginative and allegorical vision of the afterlife is representative of the medieval world-view as it had developed in the Western Church by the 14th century. It helped establish the Tuscan dialect, in which it is written, as the standardized Italian language. It is divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. On the surface, the poem describes Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven; but at a deeper level, it represents, allegorically, the soul's journey towards God. At this deeper level, Dante draws on medieval Christian theology and philosophy, especially Thomistic philosophy and the Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas. Consequently, the Divine Comedy has been called "the Summa in verse". The work was originally simply titled Commedia and was later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio. The first printed edition to add the word divina to the title was that of the Venetian humanist Lodovico Dolce, published in 1555 by Gabriele Giolito de' Ferrari. Structure and story The Divine Comedy is composed of 14,233 lines that are divided into three canticas (Ital. pl. cantiche)-Inferno (Hell), Purgatorio (Purgatory), and Paradiso (Paradise)-each consisting of 33 cantos (Ital. pl. canti). An initial canto serves as an introduction to the poem and is generally considered to be part of the first cantica, bringing the total number of cantos to 100. It is generally accepted, however, that the first two cantos serve as a unitary prologue to the entire epic, and the opening two cantos of each cantica serve as prologues to each of the three cantiche. The number three is prominent in the work, represented in part by the number of canticas and their lengths. Additionally, the verse scheme used, terza rima, is hendecasyllabic (lines of eleven syllables), with the lines composing tercets according to the rhyme scheme aba, bcb, cdc, ded, .... The poem is written in the first person, and tells of Dante's journey through the three realms of the dead, lasting from the night before Good Friday to the Wednesday after Easter in the spring of 1300. The Roman poet Virgil guides him through Hell and Purgatory; Beatrice, Dante's ideal woman, guides him through Heaven. Beatrice was a Florentine woman whom he had met in childhood and admired from afar in the mode of the then-fashionable courtly love tradition, which is highlighted in Dante's earlier work La Vita Nuova. The structure of the three realms follows a common numerical pattern of 9 plus 1, for a total of 10: 9 circles of the Inferno, followed by Lucifer contained at its bottom; 9 rings of Mount Purgatory, followed by the Garden of Eden crowning its summit; and the 9 celestial bodies of Paradiso, followed by the Empyrean containing the very essence of God. Within each group of 9, 7 elements correspond to a specific moral scheme, subdivided into three subcategories, while 2 others of greater particularity are added to total nine. For example, the seven deadly sins of the Catholic Church that are cleansed in Purgatory are joined by special realms for the Late repentant and the excommunicated by the church. The core seven sins within Purgatory correspond to a moral scheme of love perverted, subdivided into three groups corresponding to excessive love (Lust, Gluttony, Greed), deficient love (Sloth), and malicious love (Wrath, Envy, Pride). In central Italy's political struggle between Guelphs and Ghibellines, Dante was part of the Guelphs, who in general favored the Papacy over the Holy Roman Emperor. Florence's Guelphs split into factions around 1300: the White Guelphs and the Black Guelphs. Dante was among the White Guelphs who were exiled in 1302 by the Lord-Mayor Cante de' Gabrielli di Gubbio, after troops under Charles of Valois entered the city, at the request of Pop


What naturally occurring common substance containing lactose may scientifically be described as an emulsion of butterfat globules within a water-based fluid?

Milk | Milk Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia File:Milk.jpg Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including monotremes ). It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. The early lactation milk is known as colostrum , and carries the mother's antibodies to the baby. It can reduce the risk of many diseases in the baby. The exact components of raw milk varies by species, but it contains significant amounts of saturated fat , protein and calcium as well as vitamin C . Cow's milk has a pH ranging from 6.4 to 6.8, making it slightly acidic. [1] [2] Contents [ show ] Types of consumption There are two distinct types of milk consumption: a natural source of nutrition for all infant mammals, and a food product for humans of all ages derived from other animals. Nutrition for infant mammals File:Kid feeding on mothers milk.jpg In almost all mammals, milk is fed to infants through breastfeeding , either directly or by expressing the milk to be stored and consumed later. Some cultures, historically or currently, continue to use breast milk to feed their children until they are 7 years old. [3] Food product for humans In many cultures of the world, especially the Western world, humans continue to consume milk beyond infancy, using the milk of other animals (in particular, cows) as a food product. For millennia, cow milk has been processed into dairy products such as cream , butter , yogurt , kefir , ice cream , and especially the more durable and easily transportable product, cheese . Industrial science has brought us casein , whey protein , lactose , condensed milk , powdered milk , and many other food-additive and industrial products. Humans are an exception in the natural world for consuming milk past infancy. Some humans are lactose intolerant ). The sugar lactose is found only in milk, forsythia flowers, and a few tropical shrubs. The enzyme needed to digest lactose, lactase , reaches its highest levels in the small intestines after birth and then begins a slow decline unless milk is consumed regularly. [4] On the other hand, those groups that do continue to tolerate milk often have exercised great creativity in using the milk of domesticated ungulates , not only of cows , but also sheep , goats , yaks , water buffalo , horses , and camels . Top Ten Milk Consumers — 2006 Per Capita Consumption Country File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2004-0708-501, Berlin, Milch von Bolle in der Pause.jpg Milking has its advent in the very evolution of placental mammals . While the exact time of its appearance is not known, the immediate ancestors of modern mammals were much like monotremes , including the platypus . Such animals today produce a milk-like substance from glands on the surface of their skin, but without the nipple, for their offspring to drink after hatching from their eggs. Likewise, marsupials , the closest cousin to placental mammals, produce a milk-like substance from a teat -like organ in their pouches. The earliest immediate ancestor of placental mammals known seems to be eomaia , a small creature superficially resembling rodents, that is thought to have lived 125 million years ago, during the Cretaceous era. It almost certainly produced what would be considered milk, in the same way as modern placental mammals. File:MilkMaid.JPG Animal milk is first known to have been used as human food at the beginning of animal domestication. Cow milk was first used as human food in the Middle East . Goats and sheep are ruminants : mammals adapted to survive on a diet of dry grass , a food source otherwise useless to humans, and one that is easily stockpiled. The animals dairying proved to be a more efficient way of turning uncultivated grasslands into sustenance: the food value of an animal killed for meat can be matched by perhaps one year's worth of milk from the same animal, which will keep producing milk — in convenient daily portions — for years. [4] Around 7000 BC, cattle were being herded in parts of Turkey . There is evidence from DNA


Neat, kine, and beeves are old collective words for what?

Beeves | Define Beeves at Dictionary.com beeves [beevz] /bivz/ (Show IPA), for 2; beefs for 4. 1. the flesh of a cow, steer, or bull raised and killed for its meat. 2. an adult cow, steer, or bull raised for its meat. 3. weight, as of a person. human flesh. to add strength, numbers, force, etc., to; strengthen: During the riots, the nighttime patrol force was beefed up with volunteers. to increase or add to: to beef up our fringe benefits. Origin of beef Latin 1250-1300 1250-1300; 1885-90 for def 5; Middle English < Anglo-French beof, Old French boef < Latin bov- (stem of bōs) ox, cow; akin to cow 1 Related forms Examples from the Web for beeves Expand Historical Examples A halt was ordered the next day, in order to make ourselves strong by eating the beeves, which we freely slaughtered. Across America James F. Rusling In some of the yards not less than five hundred beeves are slaughtered daily. The Newcomes William Makepeace Thackeray To be offered by you: it shall be a male without blemish of the beeves, or of the sheep, or of the goats. British Dictionary definitions for beeves Expand (archaic) the plural of beef (sense 2) beef the flesh of various bovine animals, esp the cow, when killed for eating 2. (pl) beeves (biːvz). an adult ox, bull, cow, etc, reared for its meat 3. (informal) human flesh, esp when muscular 4. (intransitive) (slang) to complain, esp repeatedly: he was beefing about his tax 6. (informal) (transitive) often foll by up. to strengthen; reinforce Word Origin C13: from Old French boef, from Latin bōs ox; see cow1 Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for beeves Expand n. original plural of beef (cf. boevz, plural of Old French buef), now only in restricted use. beef n. c.1300, from Old French buef "ox; beef; ox hide" (11c., Modern French boeuf), from Latin bovem (nominative bos, genitive bovis) "ox, cow," from PIE root *gwou- "cow, ox, bull" (see cow (n.)). Original plural was beeves. v. "to complain," slang, 1888, American English, from noun meaning "complaint" (1880s). The noun meaning "argument" is recorded from 1930s. The origin and signification are unclear; perhaps it traces to the common late 19c. complaint of U.S. soldiers about the quantity or quality of beef rations. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Slang definitions & phrases for beeves Expand : The hospital beefed when the city announced plans (1880s+) To quarrel: We started beefing with each other (1930s+) The Dictionary of American Slang, Fourth Edition by Barbara Ann Kipfer, PhD. and Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D. Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers. beeves in the Bible Expand (an old English plural of the word beef), a name applicable to all ruminating animals except camels, and especially to the Bovidce, or horned cattle (Lev. 22:19, 21; Num. 31:28, 30, 33, 38, 44). Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary Idioms and Phrases with beeves Expand In addition to the idiom beginning with beef also see: where's the beef The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.


Ben Drew achieved a 2010 number one album fronting which band?

Plan B | Half Of A Double Album What is now the control room at The Sanctuary was set up as the live room during the recording of The Defamation Of Strickland Banks. Concerned about moving to a new musical style without alienating his existing fans, Ben Drew hit upon an ambitious solution. "I always said I wanted to do what I call a film for the blind, which is taking what I do in hip‑hop with storytelling, but making a whole album about one story, where all the songs are different scenes. And I figured if I tell a story about a soul singer, and devise this concept, it means I can do it 50 percent soul, which will be his story through his eyes, and 50 percent hip‑hop, which will be Plan B narrating what's happening to him. "So we set out to make a soul record and a hip‑hop record. The hip‑hop was very reminiscent of the first record: very dark, almost sample‑based — except that we would create the samples and then resample them and make them sound like we'd lifted them from somewhere. So the way we made the hip‑hop record was very much one way, and the soul record was very much another way, and the reason I felt comfortable making the soul record was that I knew that this hip‑hop record, in my head, was going to come out at the same time. I was going to release them as a double‑disc CD.” At this point, however, Drew's record label, 679 Recordings, threw a spanner in the works. "Sometimes the label have come to me with ideas and I've told them to fuck off because they weren't right. Sometimes they have been right, and one of the things they wanted to do was split the record and just promote The Defamation Of Strickland Banks, and leave [the hip‑hop album] The Ballad Of Belmarsh for me. They said 'You can take full ownership of it and do what you want with it, we can't market this record. We can't do the best job with the hip‑hop record. You saw how the way you make hip‑hop on your first record is not suited to the way we do things.' And I just thought 'Cool, if you're saying I can take full ownership of that record, then let's do this.' And in hindsight, the amount of work we had to put in to make The Defamation... as good as it is — mixing, getting the look right, the suits, doing the videos, all that shit — it was the best decision to make.” The Long & The Short The bulk of the material on The Defamation Of Strickland Banks was recorded by David McEwan and Eric Appapoulay (who also played bass on the album) at their own studio in South London, The Sanctuary. Partly because they were simultaneously working on its hip‑hop counterpart, the production process took more than two years. However, the 'sound' of the album was defined in a day thanks to producer Paul Epworth, who had worked on the first Plan B record. His knowledge of retro production techniques yielded a demo recording of 'Writing On The Wall' that made it to the album almost unaltered. "Paul gave us the sound really, for this record,” acknowledges Ben Drew. "When I gave him 'Writing On The Wall' it was a lot slower in tempo, and had a kind of reggae beat to it, and it was in a lower key. The first time I played it to him I didn't have the track with me, so I just played it to him in his studio on a guitar. And straight away he said 'That needs to be in a higher key, you need to speed it up.' So I went back, recorded the guitar in here, sped it up, and sung the vocal, sent him the parts, and then he sat in the studio with Jodi [Milliner, Plan B's live bassist] and Tom, our guitarist, and he had a little drum kit in there. I left them all day, and I came back six hours later, and the way 'Writing On The Wall' sounds like now is basically how it sounded when I walked in there.” Epworth takes up the story: Paul Epworth's work on 'Writing On The Wall' gave the team a sonic template to work towards in later sessions. "'Writing On The Wall' came about after Ben told me he had 'this song' and he didn't know what to do with it. The strength of Ben's songwriting was the big surprise for me. When we worked on the last record, it was clear what an amazing voice he had, bu


Ehud Barak succeeded Binyamin Netanyahu as prime minister of which country in 1999?

Benjamin Netanyahu | prime minister of Israel | Britannica.com prime minister of Israel Alternative Titles: Bibi Netanyahu, Binyamin Netanyahu Benjamin Netanyahu Benjamin Netanyahu, Benjamin also spelled Binyamin, byname Bibi (born October 21, 1949, Tel Aviv [now Tel Aviv–Yafo], Israel), Israeli politician and diplomat, who twice served as his country’s prime minister (1996–99 and 2009–). Benjamin Netanyahu, 1996. Ya’acov Sa’ar Ya’acov/© The State of Israel Government Press Office In 1963 Netanyahu, the son of the historian Benzion Netanyahu , moved with his family to Philadelphia in the United States . After enlisting in the Israeli military in 1967, he became a soldier in the elite special operations unit Sayeret Matcal and was on the team that rescued a hijacked jet plane at the Tel Aviv airport in 1972. He later studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.B.A., 1976), taking time out to fight in the Yom Kippur War in Israel in 1973. After his brother Jonathan died while leading the successful Entebbe raid in 1976, Benjamin founded the Jonathan Institute, which sponsored conferences on terrorism . Netanyahu held several ambassadorship positions before being elected to the Knesset (Israeli parliament) as a Likud member in 1988. He served as deputy minister of foreign affairs (1988–91) and then as a deputy minister in Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin ’s coalition cabinet (1991–92). In 1993 he easily won election as the leader of the Likud party, succeeding Yitzhak Shamir in that post. Netanyahu became noted for his opposition to the 1993 Israel-PLO peace accords and the resulting Israeli withdrawals from the West Bank and Gaza Strip . The governing Labour Party entered the 1996 elections with weakened electoral appeal following Rabin’s assassination in November 1995 and a series of suicide bombings by Muslim militants early in 1996. Netanyahu eked out a victory margin of about 1 percent over Prime Minister Shimon Peres in the elections of May 29, 1996, the first in which the prime minister was directly elected. Netanyahu became the youngest person ever to serve as Israel’s prime minister when he formed a government on June 18. Unrest dominated Netanyahu’s first prime ministership. Soon after he entered office, relations with Syria deteriorated, and his decision in September 1996 to open an ancient tunnel near Al-Aqsa Mosque angered Palestinians and sparked intense fighting. Netanyahu then reversed his earlier opposition to the 1993 peace accords and in 1997 agreed to withdraw troops from most of the West Bank town of Hebron . Pressure from within his coalition, however, led Netanyahu to announce his intention to establish a new Jewish settlement on land claimed by the Palestinians. He also significantly lowered the amount of land that would be handed over to the Palestinians during Israel’s next phase of withdrawal from the West Bank. Violent protests, including a series of bombings, ensued. In 1998 Netanyahu and Palestinian leader Yāsir ʿArafāt participated in peace talks that resulted in the Wye Memorandum , the terms of which included placing as much as 40 percent of the West Bank under Palestinian control. The agreement was opposed by right-wing groups in Israel, and several factions in Netanyahu’s government coalition quit. In 1998 the Knesset dissolved the government, and new elections were scheduled for May 1999. Yāsir ʿArafāt (far left), leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization, … Martin H. Simon/Corbis Methane Surge Worries Scientists Netanyahu’s reelection campaign was hindered by a fragmented right wing as well as by voters’ growing dislike of his inconsistent peace policies and his often abrasive style. In addition, a series of scandals had plagued his administration, including his appointment in 1997 of Roni Bar-On, a Likud party functionary, as attorney general. Allegations that Bar-On would arrange a plea bargain for a Netanyahu ally who had been charged with fraud and bribery led to a series of confidence votes in the Knesset. With his core political support undermined, Netanyahu was eas


What acid occurs naturally in bee and ant venom?

Compound Interest -  The Chemical Compositions of Insect Venoms The Chemical Compositions of Insect Venoms Click to enlarge Insect venoms are complicated. Really complicated. You could be forgiven for thinking that it must be a relatively simple company of chemicals that makes up the painful sensation of a bee or wasp sting, but in fact a hugely complex mixture of all sorts of compounds – proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other smaller molecules – go into a small amount of venom. The range of compounds is far too vast to detail every single one – but we can examine some of the major constituents in bee, wasp, hornet and ant venom. We’ll start with the venom about which we know the most – that of bees. Unlike many other insect venoms, we have a relatively good idea of the percentage breakdown of the venom of your average bee. When the bee stings, the venom is mixed with water, so the actual composition of the substance it injects into you is around 88% water and 12% venom. From this point onward, we’ll consider the percentages of compounds purely in the venom itself. The main toxic component of bee venom, also referred to as apitoxin, is melittin. Melittin is a peptide that comprises around 50-55% of dry venom, and is a compound that can break up cell membranes, resulting in the destruction of cells. However, it’s not considered the most harmful component of bee venom; that prize goes to an enzyme that makes up around 10-12%, phospholipase A. This enzyme destroys phospholipids, and also breaks down the membranes of blood cells, resulting in cell destruction; additionally, unlike the majority of larger molecules in the venom, it causes the release of pain-inducing agents. Yet another enzyme, hyaluronidase, aids the action of the venom by catalysing the breakdown of protein-polysaccharide complexes in tissue, allowing the venom to penetrate further into the flesh. Other, smaller molecules can also contribute towards painful effects. A small amount of histamine is found in bee venom; histamine is one of the compounds released by the body during the allergic response, and can cause itchiness and inflammation. The proteins in the sting can cause an allergic reaction, leading to the release of even more histamine, and possible anaphylaxis. MCD peptide, another minor component of the venom, can also cause mast cells in the body to release more histamine, worsening inflammation. The precise composition of wasp and hornet venom isn’t as well known as that of bees, but we still have a decent idea of what the major components are. The peptides that are found in the venoms are termed ‘wasp kinin’ and ‘hornet kinin’ respectively; these aren’t as well characterised as the peptides in bee venom, however. Like bee venom, they also contain phospholipase A, the enzyme hyaluronidase, and histamine. There are, though, some differences in the chemical composition. As well as variations in percentages of the different components, they also contain the compound acetylcholine, not commonly found in bee venoms. Acetylcholine is actually a neurotransmitter that’s also produced in our bodies, but in wasp and hornet venom, it helps stimulate pain receptors, heightening the pain felt from the sting and venom. Hornet venoms contain particularly high levels of acetylcholine. You might have been told back in your science classes that bee stings are acidic, and can be neutralised with an alkali, whilst wasp stings are alkaline, and can therefore be neutralised with an acid. Sadly, this is something of an over-simplification. Whilst it’s correct that bee venom has some acidic components, whilst wasp venom has some alkaline constituents, the venom quickly penetrates the tissue once you’ve been stung. Therefore, topical application of an acid or alkali to the sting area is unlikely to provide relief. Additionally, since the venom is such a complex mix of components, many of which have contributing effects, it’s unlikely that neutralising a small number of these components would relieve the pain. What might have some effect, however, is anti-histamine cream,