What is normally green, but can be yellow too, after a French herbal liqueur, introduced by Carthusian Monks in the 1700s?

Boozy trends | | Dallas Morning News | Page 2 Dallas' Craft & Growler has one of the largest selection of growlers in North Texas. By Tina Danze We recently spoke with five local beer lovers who dished about the greatness of growlers. But what is a growler, anyway? Here’s a first-timers guide to finding, using and cleaning these increasingly popular vessels. Be sure to check out our other stories about where to fill and what local hopheads recommend trying. What’s a growler? It’s a container used to transport and hold beer drawn from the tap. Most have rubber-lined caps that make a tight seal to maintain freshness. The term growler dates to the late 19th century, when lidded pails were used to carry beer home from the pub. Urban legend has it that the name refers either to the growling sound the beer made as it bubbled up under the lid, or the grumbling of the customers who received skimpy fills. How long will the beer keep? If the growler is tightly sealed and remains unopened and chilled, the beer stays fresh for several days — even longer, if the bar has a filling system that injects carbon dioxide into the growler. Once opened, the beer can stay fresh for about 36 hours before it goes flat. Where can I buy growlers, and what can I expect to pay?  Just about any place that fills growlers sells them ( see list of growler bars ). You can also buy online. Prices depend on the size of the growler and the material. For 32- or 64-ounce glass jugs, prices start at $6. Stainless steel 64-ounce growlers start around $22; stoneware and ceramic growlers are the most expensive, around $65. Smaller growlers are also available. How do I care for a growler? Immediately after pouring out the last of the beer, rinse the growler and its cap thoroughly with hot water. Air-dry the growler and its cap, upside down in a dish drainer; when both are completely dry, put the cap back on. What should I try? Community Mosaic IPA, Community Beer Co., Dallas (available year-round): Four of the five growler bar regulars we interviewed rated this beer among their favorite Texas craft beers. This beautifully balanced IPA is named for the variety of hops used to make it. It shows full hop aroma and flavor, but it doesn’t overwhelm the palate with bitterness, as some American IPAs do. “I would put it up there with any of the IPAs coming in from California,” beer lover Kevin Reitz says. “And it’s going to be fresher, too.” Tina Danze is a freelance writer. Follow her on Twitter at @TinaDanze. Print Imagine these, cured with honey and smoked. So my boss got a smoker for the kitchen a while back. It’s not one of those big outdoor grill looking things. This one looks quite a bit like a mini fridge, plugs in the wall, and is definitely indoor equipment. Bar equipment even. How can this be? Well, so far I’ve figured out two ways to use it. Smokin’ barrels: I wrote that bit about mini oak barrel aging a while back. Around that same time I got a few new ones in. And I know this is gonna sound odd, but I smoked one of the mini oak barrels. I put it in the smoker for about six hours, then I filled it with three parts clover honey, one part water, and let it “honey cure” for eight weeks wrapped in plastic wrap, because it leaks a bit and honey is messy. The other day I unwrapped it, drained the honey into a store-and-pour (plastic container with a lid), and I’ve been using it in cocktails. It’s delicious. The oak barrel smoothed out the super sweet bite, while the smoke and sweet married into honey decadence. But I didn’t stop there. I then put four stems of fresh rosemary in the now honey-cured, smoked oak barrel with a bottle and a half of the Texas bourbon called 1835. Here in about six weeks we will find out how amazing my Oak-Aged Honey Rosemary Bourbon is. Waiting is gonna suck. Ice, ice, baby: Can’t do it? Can’t wait? I have another idea for ya. For this one, I loaded the smoker with apple wood chips, put about 64 ounces of water in a mixing bowl, and smoked it for a few hours. Then I poured the smoked water into ice trays and froze it overnight into a wo


What colour is Tyrian, a dye highly prized by the Romans?

Tyrian Purple - Ancient History Encyclopedia Tyrian Purple by Mark Cartwright published on 21 July 2016 Tyrian purple (aka Royal purple or Imperial purple) is a dye extracted from the murex shellfish which was first produced by the Phoenician city of Tyre in the Bronze Age. Its difficulty of manufacture, striking purple to red colour range, and resistance to fading made clothing dyed using Tyrian purple highly desirable and expensive. The Phoenicians gained great fame as sellers of purple and exported its manufacture to its colonies, notably Carthage , from where it spread in popularity and was adopted by the Romans as a symbol of imperial authority and status. Manufacture In Phoenician mythology , the discovery of purple was credited to the pet dog of Tyros, the mistress of Tyre’s patron god Melqart . One day, while walking along the beach the couple noticed that after biting on a washed up mollusc the dog’s mouth was stained purple. Tyros asked for a garment made of the same colour and so began the famous dyeing industry. Remove Ads Advertisement The first historical record of the dye is in texts from Ugarit and Hittite sources, which indicate that the manufacture of Tyrian purple began in the 14th century BCE in the eastern Mediterranean. Cloth dyed with Tyrian purple was a hugely successful export and brought the Phoenicians fame throughout the ancient world. Indeed, some historians (but certainly not all) claim that the very name Phoenicia derives from the Greek word phoinos meaning ‘dark red’ which refers to the dye and may itself be a translation of the Akkadian word for both Canaan and red, kinahhu. Despite their formidable reputation, the dyers of Tyre did not have a monopoly on the process even in the Late Bronze Age as four Linear B tablets from Knossos indicate that it was manufactured (albeit on a small scale) on Minoan Crete too, which also had a supply of the shellfish in its coastal waters. Tyrian purple dye was literally worth more than its weight in gold . The dye was extracted from the fluid of the Murex trunculus, Purpura lapillus, Helix ianthina, and especially the Murex brandaris shellfish. Living in relatively deep water, these shellfish were caught in baited traps suspended from floats. The dye was then extracted from the glands of thousands of putrefied crushed shellfish left to bake in the sun. The resulting liquid was used to dye cloth fibres in manipulated variations of colours ranging from pink to violet. One can imagine the smell from the process must have been overwhelming and perhaps explains why Sidon ’s workshop was 14 kilometres south of the city at Sarepta. In his Natural History the Roman writer Pliny the Elder describes how the dye extraction process had by then developed. Taking three days, salt was added to the mash of shellfish glands which was then boiled down in tins. Finally, whole fleeces were dipped into the mixture when the correct hue had been reached. Fibres were dyed before weaving them into clothes and only very rarely would completed garments have been dyed; perhaps very valuable ones might have been redyed. Remove Ads Advertisement According to the historian B. Caseau, "10,000 shellfish would produce 1 gram of dyestuff, and that would only dye the hem of a garment in a deep colour" (Bagnall, 5673). These numbers are supported by the quantity of discarded shells which, at Sidon for example, created a mountain 40 metres high. Such figures also explain why the dye was worth more than its weight in gold. In a 301 CE price edict from the reign of Roman emperor Diocletian , we learn that one pound of purple dye cost 150,000 denarii or around three pounds of gold (equal to around $19,000  at the time of writing ). A pound of pre-dyed wool would set you back one pound of gold.    Such was the demand for Tyrian purple that vast deposits of the shells have been excavated on the outskirts of Sidon and Tyre and the species was all but driven to extinction along the coasts of Phoenicia. The Phoenicians not only exported the dyed cloth but also the process of extracting the dye, as


Name the London borough and Royal Observatory site which marks international time?

History of the Royal Observatory | Royal Museums Greenwich | UNESCO World Heritage Site In London History of the Royal Observatory History of the Royal Observatory King Charles II spurred the creation of the Royal Observatory Flamsteed House Home of the Prime Meridian The Royal Observatory is home to the world's Prime Meridian Previous Home Royal Observatory History of the Royal Observatory History of the Royal Observatory Share Find out more about how the Royal Observatory was founded, and its fascinating role in British history. Charles II orders a Royal Commission As Europeans took to the seas to explore the world and trade with other countries, astronomical information of sufficient quantity and accuracy to aid navigation, cartography and timekeeping was needed, including working out how to measure longitude. It was against this background that King Charles II appointed a Royal Commission to look into investing in astronomy. Among those sitting on the Royal Commission was Sir Christopher Wren – most famous now for his architecture, but also a former professor of astronomy at Oxford. On March 4, 1675, the Commission reported back to Charles II, recommending the foundation of an observatory – Britain’s first state-funded scientific institution – and the appointment of an astronomer. Charles reportedly called for immediate action and on the same day John Flamsteed was named ‘astronomical observator’. A new era for Greenwich and for astronomy, time and navigation, had begun. Building Flamsteed House It was Wren who suggested using the ruined Greenwich Castle as the site for the new observatory. This location had the advantages of having solid foundations in place from the old castle, as well as being located on high ground in a royal park. Wren also oversaw the design of the building. Flamsteed House was the first part of the Observatory to be built. It was intended as a home for the Astronomer Royal and for entertaining guests. The project was notable for the speed in which it happened, and for the small budget with which it was achieved. Flamsteed was installed by 10 July 1676, less than a year after the foundation stone was laid, and a total of £520.45 was spent on construction, with costs being kept down by using recycled materials. Over the years, Flamsteed House was home to many children, servants, cooks and nursemaids, as well as astronomers. The house itself was extended and buildings were added to the site to accommodate new and bigger instruments. In 1818, the Royal Observatory was transferred to the Admiralty and it expanded significantly. By the late 1800s there were around 60 people on site. The Royal Observatory as you see it today features instruments remounted in their original locations, providing a timeline of a working observatory throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. The Astronomers Royal and longitude John Flamsteed held the post of Astronomer Royal for 42 years. In the nearly 300 years it functioned as a working observatory, there were only nine other Astronomers Royal at Greenwich. Between them, the first two Astronomers Royal – John Flamsteed and Edmond Halley – plotted all the stars visible in the northern and southern hemispheres. At the same time, because astronomy and time are inextricably linked, the Royal Observatory was key in helping to develop accurate clocks. In the 1760s, the introduction of Nevil Maskelyne’s tables for finding longitude at sea by astronomical means and John Harrison’s timekeepers, made it possible for the world to be charted with a new, scientific accuracy.


Prince Andrew served for twenty-two years with what organization?

About The Duke | The Duke of York Science, Technology and Engineering Sea King Helicopter, Royal Naval Air Station © PA The Duke of York was born at Buckingham Palace on 19th February, 1960; the first child born to a reigning monarch for 103 years. He is the second son and third child of The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh. Christened Andrew Albert Christian Edward, he was titled The Prince Andrew until his marriage in 1986, when he was created The Duke of York. Prince Andrew was educated at Heatherdown Preparatory School in Ascot and Gordonstoun School in Morayshire, Scotland, and from an early age wanted to become a helicopter pilot. In 1979, upon completion of A-levels, HRH joined the Royal Navy on a short-service commission as a Seaman Officer, sub-specialising as a Pilot. Midshipman Prince Andrew passed out of Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth in 1980, before undergoing fixed-wing and helicopter flight training at RAF Leeming and Royal Naval Air Station Culdrose respectively. In 1981 HRH was presented with his ‘Wings’ and the award for the best pilot by The Duke of Edinburgh. Lakefield College Sub Lieutenant Prince Andrew converted to the Sea King helicopter, before joining his first front-line unit: 820 Naval Air Squadron (NAS) embarked in HMS INVINCIBLE. In April 1982 the unit sailed as part of the Task Group to the South Atlantic to regain the Falkland Islands. During the conflict HRH flew missions including Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), Anti-Surface Warfare (ASUW), inter-ship Helicopter Delivery (HDS), Search and Rescue (SAR) and casualty evacuation. Upon return to Portsmouth in September 1982, HMS INVINCIBLE was met by The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh. 815 Squadron © PA The Duke’s active service with the Royal Navy spanned twenty-two years during which, as Lt Cder The Duke of York, he was selected to command the Hunt Class Mine Counter Measures Vessel HMS COTTESMORE. HRH returned to flying duties, taking up an appointment as Senior Pilot of 815 NAS at RNAS Portland, where he served until October 1996. In January 1997, he was appointed to the Ministry of Defence as a Staff Officer in the Directorate of Naval Operations. Promoted Commander in 1999, he took up an appointment within the Naval Staff, before departing from active service with the Royal Navy in July 2001.After completing his military career, The Duke was invited to take up a new position as the United Kingdom’s Special Representative for International Trade and Investment. Working with Her Majesty’s Government, and specifically UK Trade and Investment (UKTI), the role involved promoting Britain as a destination for inward investment, and creating favourable conditions for UK businesses exporting and investing overseas. HRH undertook this role for almost a decade, until 2011. Pitch@Palace Today, The Duke’s work continues to have a strong economic and business focus, as he seeks to recognise the people and organisations striving to ensure that Britain has the workforce, intellectual property and entrepreneurial culture to remain a global economic leader. On education, HRH is committed to supporting a wide range of pathways, including vocational learning, to ensure that young people develop relevant skills to allow them to become economically active. As business becomes more efficient, HRH believes entrepreneurs will be the growth and job creators of the future, and he therefore supports initiatives to encourage entrepreneurship. And conscious that the United Kingdom has always been a great innovator, HRH recognises the importance of innovation in creating new enterprises. Therefore The Duke is a champion of British Science, Technology and Engineering. Additionally, HRH continues to support many charitable and not-for-profit organisations, and maintains close links with the Armed Services. On 23rd July, 1986, HRH married Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey. The Duke and Duchess of York’s first child, Princess Beatrice, was born on 8th August 1988 at The Portland Hospital in London. Their second child, Princess Eugenie, was also born at The Portl


What pigment especially associated with oil painting, derives its name from heat treatment and a Tuscany city?

The News Newspaper - Issue 153 by The News Newspaper - issuu READ THE QUALITY! Issue 153 Wednesday, December 7th 2011 Committed to Eurozone reform France and Germany attempt to re-establish confidence in spite of downgrading by ratings agency Standard & Poor’s P3 TOTAL COORDINATION - NATIONAL NEWS Spain sets new transplant record Thanks to 39 donors – two of them foreigners – doctors were able to carry out 94 transplants in 72 hours, the National Transplant Organisation (ONT) announced on Monday. The transplants took place on November 23rd, 24th and 25th, and involved 42 hospitals – 40 in Spain (in Andalucía, Aragón, Asturias, Cantabria, Castilla-León. Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Valencia, Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia and the Basque Country) and two in Portugal, with the participation of more than 1,000 medical professionals who “worked in a totally coordinated way”, the ONT said. The ONT added that it was all made possible thanks to a number of different public and private entities, including 10 airports (seven civil, two military and one international), as well as the emergency services and Civil Protection in the regions. The ONT said only two of the donors had died in traffic accidents. The transplants were mainly of the kidney (48), liver (23) and lungs (8). The ONT said the people who benefited from them were all rated “zero urgency”, that is, they had less than 48 hours to live. The previous “transplant marathon” took place in 24 hours on March 29th, 2009, when 32 organs from 13 donors were transplanted. FULLY LICENSED PAWNBROKER FULLY LICENSED GOLD DEALER FULLY LICENSED JEWELLERS ANTHONYS DIAMONDS TOP LONDON PRICES PAID FOR GOLD & SILVER. ESTABLISHED 1983 FF O % CALL NOW to get it¡!   952 80 47 43 Offer valid only this month    AVDA. RAMON Y CAJAL 40 FUENGIROLA, TEL: 951 773 598 Call Jack direct, who will visit you to discuss your removal plans over a coﬀee. MALAGA . MARBELLA . NERJA . ALMERIA . GRANADA . CADIZ . GIBRALTAR . ALICANTE . LA MANGA . MADRID FRANCE . ITALY . PORTUGAL . SWITZERLAND 952 010 017 www.staysureabroad.com Calle de Marques del Duero 17 San Pedro de Alcántara, Málaga, 29670 Staysure.co.uk Ltd is a FSA regulated company. No. 436804. ASPHALT AND BLOCKPAVING URBANISATIONS FOR ALL ROADS AND PARKING AREAS LAID IN ASPHALT PLUS! CRUSHED CONCRETE FOR ROADS, TRACKS CAR PARKS ETC. LAID & ROLLED 300 ton crushed concrete. Available for road, tracks, carparks, etc. Very good for sub-base, can be supplied laid & rolled. For a good free quote in English ring 637 179 373 or in Spanish 673 250 707 James 951 242 873 637 179 373 jrinspain@live.co.uk onny 02 n General News Collegium Musicum TheaTre Fabulous trio Los Tres Divos are appearing for one night only at the Salon MUSIC Salon Varietes, Fuengirola Sunday 11th December 7pm Tickets from the theatre 952 474 542 ICKHAM’S WORLD three years in style Party! By Kym Wickham k.wickham@thenewsonline.es Teatro Cervantes, Malaga December 20th. Tickets from €22 - €54 Tel:902 36 02 95 Salon 64 Open the doors of Salon 64 and you will instantly know you’ve found something new .... and very special! From the very latest in hair and beauty techniques to the tried and tested favourites, our salon has something for everyone. Creative and friendly, our team will take you from a mini make-over to a complete transformation. With expert advice on hair, beauty treatments, nails and nutrition we offer something for everyone. Also demonstrating the latest thing on the Coast NU SKIN anti-ageing system. “Thank you” to all our readers who, without fail when they find out who we are, tell us that The News is their favourite paper and that they can’t wait to get their copy each week and read The News from cover to cover.We will be expanding next year – hence the need to move to new premises – so that’s something to look forward to as well! our off y if 10% atment tre first oked in bo er b m e Nov 654 051 336 Open Tuesday - Friday 9:30 am to 6pm Saturday 9 am to 2 pm (Appointments outside of these hours avail


The TV presenter and journalist born Kim Taylor in November 1960 is better known by what name?


Caroline Lucas is head of what UK organization?

Caroline Lucas – Resilience Fuelling a Food Crisis: The impact of peak oil on food security By Caroline Lucas, Colin Hines, carolinelucasmep.org.uk Dwindling oil stocks and EU trade and energy policies threaten food price hikes – and could cause the UK to be vulnerable to food shortages for the first time since the Second World War, according to a new report by Green Party Euro-MP Caroline Lucas. Follow Us


William of Orange (1650 - 1702) - Find A Grave Memorial Kennington Greater London, England English Monarch. King William III (of England, Scotland and Ireland), called William of Orange (1650-1702), king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1689-1702), and stadtholder of the Netherlands (1672-1702), who helped form the Grand Alliance and led England in its Glorious Revolution. Born on November 14, 1650, in The Hague, Holland, William was the posthumous son of William II, prince of Orange and stadtholder of the Netherlands, and Mary, eldest daughter of the English king Charles I. In 1672, after the invasion of the Netherlands by the French king Louis XIV, the leadership of Jan De Witt, grand pensionary of Holland, was repudiated, and William was elected stadtholder, captain-general, and admiral. William fought the French with great resolution, even cutting (1673) dikes around Amsterdam to flood the surrounding countryside and halt the advancing French armies. The Dutch suffered severe reverses in subsequent battles. As a result of William's superior diplomacy, however, which also included the strengthening of ties with England by his marriage (1677) to the English princess Mary (eldest daughter of his uncle, James, duke of York, later King James II), Louis XIV agreed to terminate the war on terms favorable to the Dutch. After the accession (1685) of James II there was fear in England that the king's policies were directed toward restoring the power of the Roman Catholic church. In July 1688, James's principal opponents secretly invited William, who was Europe's leading Protestant statesman, to bring an army of liberation to England. William and a force totaling about 15,000 men landed at Torbay on November 5, 1688. Most of the English nobility declared for William, and James fled to France. William accepted the Declaration of Rights passed by the Convention Parliament, which met on January 22, 1689, and on February 13, William and Mary were proclaimed joint sovereigns of England. Shortly after the conclusion of this Glorious Revolution, the Scottish parliament accepted the new rulers. Predominantly Roman Catholic Ireland, however, remained loyal to the deposed king and had to be taken by force. In 1690 William led the army that defeated James and his Irish partisans at the Battle of the Boyne. William's reign continued to be marked by abortive Jacobite plots to restore James to the throne. After the death of Mary in 1694, William ruled alone. In 1689, in pursuit of containing France, William had brought England into the League of Augsburg, thereafter known as the Grand Alliance. For the next eight years he was embroiled in wars on the Continent. He managed by skillful diplomacy to hold the alliance together and, under the terms of the Peace of Ryswick, Louis XIV of France surrendered (1697) much of the territory he had won and recognized William as England's rightful king. At home William manifested virtually none of the acumen he displayed in foreign affairs. Although he was liberal in some things, it was not he but Parliament, to which he was often opposed, that brought about the reforms effected during his reign, such as the passing of the Bill of Rights, the establishment of the Bank of England, the introduction of ministerial responsibility in government, and the encouragement of a free press. In 1701 William headed the second Grand Alliance, which became involved in the so-called War of the Spanish Succession. He died on March 19, 1702, before he could take an active part in the struggle. His wife's sister, Queen Anne, succeeded to the throne. (bio by M. Pymm).


What college in New Cross is part of the University of London?

Studying in London, Goldsmiths, University of London Want to find out more? Download our Little Book of London (PDF download) , or read  Time Out's guide to New Cross . Central London We're just a ten minute train ride from Central London with its world-famous galleries, museums, theatres, festivals, shops, markets and parks for you to explore. If you're looking for quality of life and a vibrant mix of people, then London is a place that's constantly changing and offering up new experiences; then this great global city is the perfect venue for your studies. Choosing to study in London will also improve your career prospects. You'll have the centre of business and creative industries on your doorstep, meaning plenty of opportunities for work placements during your studies, and a wealth of employment options once you've graduated. South East London Deptford Deptford is less than a 10-minute walk from Goldsmiths. There’s a growing artistic community in the area, with many artists and makers filling the studios that sit beside Deptford Creek, the old docks. At Deptford Market  you’ll find stalls selling fruit and veg from all corners of the world sitting alongside small art galleries like Bearspace , performing arts centre The Albany , and community hub Deptford Lounge . Look out for some fantastic murals while you’re shopping along Deptford High Street, which has been voted one of the best in the capital for its diverse independent shops. If you fancy sampling some traditional London grub, investigate pie and mash shops Manze’s  or Goddard’s. Other highlights include the Royal Albert  and Dog and Bell  pubs, Vietnamese café Panda Panda , and Wünderlust  – a pop-up restaurant and cocktail bar inside an old Routemaster bus. Greenwich and Blackheath Greenwich is a 20-minute walk from the Goldsmiths campus. With strong maritime connections and status as aworld heritage site, Greenwich has history and beauty galore. Famous attractions like the Cutty Sark and National Maritime Museum sit side-by- side with bars, the brilliant Greenwich Market, a theatre, comedy club and restaurants like Jamie’s Italian. Try the Greenwich Picturehouse for interesting films, or take in views of the river Thames and walk through the foot tunnel underneath the water. From the top of the 183-acre Greenwich Park, next to the Royal Observatory, you’ll get an excellent panoramic view of the stunning London cityscape, stretching from the London Eye in the west to the Thames Barrier in the east. The park is just a short walk away from the village-style shops and restaurants of Blackheath, and it’s not a bad spot for a picnic.  Brockley and Lewisham Nearby Brockley is home to the award- winning Brockley Market. Located on Lewisham Way and open every Saturday from 10am-2pm, it’s a brilliant place to pick up fresh produce supplied by local farmers, producers and traders, and enjoy street food on the nearby picnic tables. A short bus ride away you’ll find cafés and coffee shops like Browns of Brockley and The Brockley Mess, as well as the Brockley Jack Theatre and the retro Rivoli Ballroom, which is London’s only intact 1950s ballroom and holds regular dance and musical events. En route to Lewisham from the Goldsmiths campus you can take in some culture at Lewisham Arthouse, or indulge yourself at Turkish restaurant Meze Mangal. Lewisham itself has a shopping centre with high street stores, as well as a large market selling everything from food and flowers to bric-a-brac. Peckham Up-and-coming Peckham is just a short bus ride from Goldsmiths. A few doors down from Queens Road Peckham station you’ll find quirky independent bar Beer Rebellion, serving locally produced beers, ales and ciders. Kitchen 54 just a short walk away offers American classics with a local twist like chicken and waffles and Peckham Poutine. Nearer to Peckham Rye station, the Bussey Building holds some of the best club nights and music events in South- East London. Across the road you’ll find the ever-popular Bar Story, and during the summer months the top level of the multi-storey car p


Name the low-cost private domestic airline based in Gurgaon, Haryana, India?

Domestic Airlines in India - Private Airlines in India - Cheap   Airline Carriers in India - Low Cost Airlines in India Search Domestic Airlines In the recent past, Indian civil aviation sector has grown manifold. Several new players have entered the industry and many more are about to enter the arena. Apart from the state-owned airline, a number of private companies have entered the arena, thereby providing more choices to the passenger. Today, air travel is no more the monopoly of the rich and the mighty. With the arrival of cheap airline carriers in India, air traveling has become simpler and cheaper. Private players including Kingfisher Red, Spice Jet, Jetlite, Indigo etc. are coming up with attractive rates for their passengers, thereby making civil aviation lucrative. Now, airline has become a common man�s vehicle and revolutionized the way a common Indian traveler used to travel. The airlines are adding more and more cities to their list of destinations covered throughout the country. Therefore, it can be said that the domestic airlines of India have made traveling easier for the masses. More and more people are opting for traveling by air, because they save a lot of time in traveling, as compared to other means of transportation. Here is a brief preview of domestic airlines in India. This includes private airlines as well as low cost airlines in India. Air Deccan Founded as Air Deccan on 25 August 2003, Kingfisher Red holds the distinction of being India's first low-cost airline. Its founder is Captain G R Gopinath. Soon after its conception, the airline started its regular air operations, with its flights scheduled to ply from Bangalore to Mangalore and Hubli. Air India With a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services, Air India continues to be India�s national Airline. The history of the airline can be traced back to October 15, 1932. Air India was earlier known as Tata Airlines. At the time of its inception, Tata Airlines consisted of one Puss Moth, one Leopard Moth, one palm-thatched shed, one whole time pilot, one part-time engineer and two apprentice-mechanics. Air Sahara Air Sahara is one of India�s leading private airlines. It is part of the multi-Crore 'Sahara India Pariwar' business conglomerate. Air Sahara was established on September 20, 1991. It began its operations on December 3, 1993, with a fleet of two Boeing 737-200 aircrafts. It was then known as Sahara Airlines. GoAir Airlines Established in June 2004, GoAir Airlines is a low-cost budget airline, based in Mumbai. It has been showcased as �The People's Airline�. It is promoted by Wadia Group, which has been at the forefront of industry in India, for the past 116 years. GoAir Airlines is the brainchild of Jeh Wadia, who is the Managing Director of GoAir. Indian Airlines Indian Airlines is India's premier airline. The fully state-owned airline is administered by Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India. The airline came into existence in 1953, with the enactment of the Air Corporations Act 1953. Indian Airlines started its operation on August 1, 1953. IndiGo Airline IndiGo is the latest entrant to the domestic civil aviation space in India. Based in Gurgaon, Haryana, India, the low cost carrier took off its inaugural flight from Delhi to Imphal (via Guwahat), on August 4, 2006. InterGlobe Enterprises, a renowned travel corporation, is the owner of IndiGo. Jagson Airline Jagson Airlines is a private low-cost budget airline based in Delhi, India. In 1991, when the aviation sector was opened for the private sector, Jagson Airlines was the first private airline to avail of this opportunity. The airline commenced its operations in 1992. The airline is owned by Jagson International, the flagship of Jackson Group of Companies. Jet Airways Jet Airways is India�s premier private airline. Naresh Goyal is currently the chairperson of Jet Airways, who is also the founder of the airline. It holds the distinction of being the second largest airline in India, next to Kingfisher. Jet Airways has won a number of awards in recognition of the world


The Whirlwind is which snooker player's nickname?

BBC SPORT | Other Sport | Snooker | The man behind the Whirlwind The man behind the Whirlwind By Phil Harlow BBC Sport at the Crucible O'Sullivan did not like his "Rocket" nickname Snooker announcer Alan Hughes has become an integral part of The Crucible experience for fans and players alike after nearly 20 years of introductions. Hughes' inimitable style and eccentric nicknames for the players have endeared him to snooker audiences all over the world. And the announcer at the World Snooker Championship talked to BBC Sport about his circuitous route to the top - taking in Jimmy Greaves, Chris Eubank and summer seasons at Great Yarmouth. "When I came into snooker the players were just known by their names and I just thought that the players had more about them than that," he told this website. "So I started to slip some nicknames into the introductions. Cliff 'the Grinder' Thorburn was one of the first I came up with." And so the legend was born. Soon anybody who was anybody in the game had their own Hughes-endorsed nickname. Hughes christened John Higgins "The Wizard of Wishaw" "What I like to do is build up a player's nickname. For a while Jimmy White was known as 'the Wind', but I didn't like that - it sounded like a bad case of indigestion!" he said. "So I changed it to 'the Whirlwind', and then 'the Whirlwind of London Town' and then 'the Wonderful Whirlwind of London Town'." But the players are not always happy with the monikers that Hughes invents for them. "I started off calling Ronnie O'Sullivan 'the Rocket' but he didn't like it," said Hughes. "Apparently there was a bloke in Birmingham they called 'Rocket Ron' because he couldn't pot a ball! "But now I call him 'the Essex Exocet' because I think that's a bit more classy." I've chosen to be a jack of all trades but I wouldn't change a thing Alan Hughes There are many more strings to Hughes' bow than snooker, though. A modern renaissance man, Hughes was a part-time footballer with Spurs, Brentford and Norwich, playing alongside the likes of Jimmy Greaves, Bobby Smith and Terry Medwin. "In those days you could sign part-time forms and that's what I did," he said. "I could combine the football with a summer season at Great Yarmouth and it would fit together nicely because the football year wasn't too long," he said. "You could never do it now." The thought that Butlins campers are being denied the talents of Roy Keane as resident funny-man is surely another indication that football has got its priorities all wrong. Hughes' showbiz career started when he was just 16 and saw him telling jokes, singing and compering in famous venues all over the world. Hughes decided Anthony Hamilton was "The Robin Hood of Snooker" "I've played at the old Hackney Empire, the Talk of the Town, the Royal Albert Hall, the London Palladium, and in Las Vegas - everywhere." He joined the snooker circuit after becoming friendly with snooker star Willie Thorne, who introduced him to snooker promoter Barry Hearne. "Barry asked me to work with because of my showbiz experience and I started doing some snooker tournaments for him. "The World Snooker Association said they liked my style and I started working for them, and I've been with them ever since. "And then I started to do boxing as well. I did 42 title fights - the likes of Chris Eubank, Michael Watson, Nigel Benn, Steve Collins, all the top British boxers. "I've chosen to be a jack of all trades but I wouldn't change a thing. I look back and I think, 'I haven't done too bad!'."


Which Formula One Grand Prix Circuit includes Maggotts Corner, Wellington Straight, and Farm Curve?

Formula One Paddock Club™ | British Grand Prix 2017 Formula One Paddock Club™ British Grand Prix - 16 July 2017 Arguably the home of motor racing and unarguably home to the majority of teams Silverstone remains home to the British Grand Prix, and rightly so! Online Formula One Paddock Club™ New in 2011, the Silverstone Wing finally provided a Formula One Paddock Club™ facility worthy of the name. Gone was the tented village and in came a state-of-the-art over-pit facility, which offers unrivalled comfort and luxury with fantastic viewing over the new grid positioning between Club corner and Abbey. To the rear you will see Hanger Straight and into the high-speed right hander at Stowe. The ultimate in sporting hospitality combining fine dining with even finer views and access. Your day-long Paddock Club experience will include: Privileged viewing location with un-obstructed views of the pit lane, starting grid and paddock area; Comfortable air-conditioned suites and lounges;  Reserved dining table. Exquisite restaurant-quality food; Free-flowing fine wine and Champagne; Exceptional and attentive service; Pit lane walks on each booked day; HD super screens with live timing and access to F1 team information; Access to the Support Race Paddock; A variety of F1 related entertainment options away from the racetrack; Exclusive car parking with VIP shuttles to the red carpet entrance. The ultimate Formula 1 experience for the discerning guest.   Sat/Sun - $3700 USD (+20% Tax) Weekend - $4400 USD (+20% Tax)     Driver's Lounge Capturing celebrity entertainment with stunning views and exclusive hospitality, the Drivers Lounge option showcases the best of the best in corporate hospitality. With great views from the world-famous Stowe corner through to Club corner, plus a private terrace and grandstand, this package will for sure capture the dynamic thrills and atmosphere of the British Grand Prix. All Drivers Lounge options includes: Standing terrace viewing with exclusive grandstand seat overlooking; Celebrity hosting and driver appearances; Full complimentary cocktail bar with Champagne, beers, wines and soft drinks; All day chef’s table, including breakfast, lunch and afternoon tea; Silverstone hosts, simulators and live entertainment; Official Grand Prix souvenir programme and personal Silverstone radio; Giant screens with Silverstone TV showing live race action and interviews in all suites; Car parking in ratio of one space between two guests with shuttle transfer from Copse. One Driver's Lounge Available for 2017 and limited to 200 guests only, the exclusive One Driver's Lounge package offers a new improved layout and VVIP upgrades on the classic Divers' lounge hospitality, including premium seating adjacent to the stage and stunning views from your own private outdoor terrace.   One Drivers' Lounge option includes the following upgrades: Private VIP table seating adjacent to the stage; Guest compére on Saturday and Sunday; Interaction with the drivers during the appearances, with autograph and photo opportunities; Unlimited pink Champagne, premium spirits, signature wines and cognacs; Upgraded premium menu; £1825 *Prices exclude VAT. Price per person. For single day prices and availability please contact the BAM team on +44 (0) 1442 891 500 or email  sales@bamf1.com Grandstands Out on track, the grandstand availability and general viewing are plentiful. If you’re looking for a personal recommendation, BAM would recommend the following: Becketts (Band 3) Located on the famous ultra-quick change of direction corners of Maggots/Becketts. Club  The most popular covered grandstand, located directly overviewing the last corner.  Farm (Band 8) The Grandstand best positioned for the first corner, with views of the pit exit. Village B (Band 5) Similar to Farm but further around the first corner sequence, giving better views into turn 2.   For prices and availability please contact the BAM team on +44 (0) 1442 891 500 or email  sales@bamf1.com Circuit Located in the heart of the Northamptonshire countryside and the site of a former air


What colour is a 'double-word' square on a Scrabble board?

Scrabble Rules - How to Play Scrabble - Official SCRABBLE Rules Scrabble Rules Links to Scrabble rules and Scrabble official game   instructions. Two to four players play in any game of Scrabble. The object of   Scrabble is to score more points than one's opponent. A player   collects points by placing words on the game board. Each letter has   a different point value, so the strategy becomes to play words with   high scoring letter combinations. The Scrabble Board A Scrabble game board is made of up cells in a square grid. The   Scrabble board is 15 cells wide by 15 cells high. The Scrabble tiles   fit within these cells one to a cell. Scrabble Tiles Scrabble   is played with exactly 100 tiles. 98 of these tiles contain letters   on them, while there are 2 blank tiles. These blank tiles add a   wildcard aspect to Scrabble. The blanks substitute for any letter in   the alphabet. Once played, a blank tile remains for the remainder of   the game the letter for which it was substituted when first played. Various letters have different point values, depending on the   rarity of the letter and the difficulty in playing it. Blank tiles   have no point value. Tile Values Here are the point values for each letter in Scrabble. 0 Points - Blank tile. 1 Point - A, E, I, L, N, O, R, S, T and U. 2 Points - D and G. 3 Points - B, C, M and P. 4 Points - F, H, V, W and Y. 5 Points - K. 8 Points - J and X. 10 Points - Q and Z. Extra Point Values Some squares on the Scrabble board represent multipliers. If a   tile is placed on this square, then the tile's value is multiplied   by a factor or either 2x or 3x. Certain tiles multiply the point   value of an entire word and not simply the tile on that space. Double Letter Scores - Light blue cells are found isolated   on the board. When a tile is placed on this space, that tile's point   value is multiplied by two. Triple Letter Score - This is a dark blue cell on the   Scrabble. The tile placed on this square has its points multiplied   by three. Double Word Score - Light red cells are found running   diagonally towards the four corners of the board. When a player   plays a word on one of these squares, the point value of the entire   word is multiplied by two. Triple Word Score - This is a dark red square on the   Scrabble board. These are found on the four sides of the board   equidistant from the four corners of the board. When a word is   played using this square, then the points for the word are   multiplied by three. One Single Use - Note that extra point squares are only   usable once. If one player plays a word using this cells, then the   next time that space is used to make a word, the point value is not   multiplied. Starting the Game Without looking into the tile bag, each of the Scrabble players   takes one tile out of the tile bag. Whichever player has the letter   closest to the beginning of the alphabet goes first. A blank tile is   considered better than an "A". These tiles are placed into the bag   once more. Starting the game, each player begins their turn by drawing seven   tiles apiece from the bag. The player can do one of three things on   a turn. The player can place a word, exchange tiles or pass. Most of   the time, the player will take the option of playing a word. Exchanging tiles allows a player to replace anywhere between one   and all of the tiles on the player's rack. If this option is taken,   the player cannot do anything else that hand. Therefore, a tile   exchange cannot be performed on a turn when the player places a word   on the board. A player may pass at any time. If all player's pass twice in a   row, then the game ends. The First Word Score A player begins the game by placing a word on the star square at   the center of the board. This star acts as a double word score. The   star cell does not act as a double word score for subsequent players   playing off the center square. Play continues in a clockwise direction around the Scrabble   board. Replacing Scr


What is prestigious and precious and has the ISO currency code of XPT?

pcm brokers | Platinum   Platinum Trading Basics Commodity trading, both historically and in modern times, has created significant amount of profits for traders and investors. The benefits of trading commodities are so numerous that the top commodities to trade are profitable enough to become the focus of many traders’ long time career.   Quick tips for trading commodities are not enough for long-term profitable trading. In order to profit from commodity trading, an investor must store in their minds some information on the commodity they are trading. PCM Brokers offers a brief history of platinum trading as well as the information and facts that are necessary to know before stepping into the world of unlimited success; commodity trading. Platinum is considered one of the most popular commodities to trade and is one of the most rare commodities in the world to trade. In fact, platinum is thirty times more rare than gold. Primarily, platinum is one of the commodities traded on the New York Merchantile Exchange (NYMEX), as well as Tokyo Commodity Exchange. Precious commodities to trade, like Platinum, are all so popular due to their unique properties. The platinum consumer market is mainly the jewelry market, which accounts for approximately 51% of the global platinum consumption.   As one of the most potentially profitable commodities to trade, platinum is extremely useful and therefore is always increasing in demand. Its increasing demand will allow traders to profit hugely if they successfully monitor the platinum commodity prices.   For successful CFD trading, PCM Brokers offers access to accurate real-time platinum forecasts, charts and updated news on world economics events. Traders can seek profit from the fluctuations that are provided by the news based on the economic events that will affect platinum prices. With PCM Brokers, traders are able to benefit from professional trading platforms that enable them to use advanced CFD trading strategies. In addition, trading platinum (XPT) through PCM Brokers allows you to leverage your exposure to market movements for maximum profit.   A key factor of trading CFD’s successfully is being educated about potentially profitable trading opportunities and knowing it’s in-depth specifications and benefits. The table below is provided for further details about the commodity.


What is the dabbling duck whose Common 'eye-patched' variety is the smallest of all dabblers?

Different Duck Types With Examples 1.  Dabbling Duck “Dabblers” are ducks that tip up in order to feed, rooting through shallow water and mud in search of plants and insects. These ducks will also nibble along the water's surface, and they feed readily on land as well, but they very rarely dive below the water. The most common dabbling duck species is the mallard, but the northern pintail, American wigeon and different teals are also dabblers. More » continue reading below our video 5 Hobbies That Look Good on Your Resume When they all look so different, what makes ducks all the same?. Photo © Dan Pancamo /Flickr/Used With Permission 2.  Diving Duck Diving ducks are agile swimmers that dive far beneath the surface of the water in search of food, including fish , insects and aquatic plants. These ducks prefer to stay in the water and can be ungainly and awkward on land, and they have to build up speed to take off from the water's surface. Diving duck species include the scaups, goldeneyes, canvasback and redhead. More » King Eider. Photo © Ron Knight /Flickr/CC by 2.0 3.  Eider These types of sea-ducks are found in very northern, Arctic habitats. Eiders are well known for their lush down and its spectacular insulating properties that protect them from the harsh cold, and in the past they have been hunted extensively for those feathers. Fortunately, they are now strongly protected by conservation laws. Eider species include the common, spectacled, Steller’s and king eider. More » Barrow's Goldeneye. Photo © Tom Koerner/USFWS /Flickr/CC by 2.0 4.  Goldeneye Aptly named for their brilliant yellow eyes, goldeneye duck species are diving ducks characterized by their big, round heads with an iridescent sheen. They nest in tree holes and have sharp black and white plumage. There are only two goldeneye species, the common and Barrow’s goldeneyes, though buffleheads are sometimes categorized as a type of goldeneye as well. More » Hooded Merganser. Photo Peter Massas /Flickr/CC by-SA 2.0 5.  Merganser The most prominent features of these small, slim, streamlined ducks are their narrow, serrated, hooked bills. Mergansers are the only types of ducks that regularly eat a large amount of fish and similar prey, and their bills are specialized to make them keen and ferocious hunters. Species of these ducks include the hooded, common, and red-breasted merganser. More » Wood Duck. Photo © Kathy & sam /Flickr/CC by 2.0 6.  Perching Duck Perching ducks have prominent talons on their webbed feet to give them better grips to perch. They can regularly be found perching in trees along wooded waterways and other areas with appropriate trees for nesting, and they may nest dozens of feet above the ground. The Muscovy, pink-eared, wood and mandarin ducks are familiar and popular examples of perching ducks. More » Surf Scoter. Photo © Mike's Birds /Flickr/CC by-SA 2.0 7.  Scoter Scoters are bulky sea-ducks with dark plumage and swollen, brightly colored and patterned bills, though their body coloration is relatively plain. These birds can be found in northern regions and along marine habitats, particularly in rocky areas that may seem inhospitable to many birds. The most familiar species include the black, surf, common, white-winged and velvet scoters. More » Long-Tailed Duck. Photo © Kobie Mercury-Clarke /Flickr/CC by 2.0 8.  Sea-Duck Sea-ducks are marine birds found in coastal habitats. They can range further inland during the nesting season and migration, however, and vagrant sightings are regularly recorded as well. These bulky birds have special glands to help them tolerate salt water without dehydrating. Sea-duck species include the long-tailed duck, eiders, scoters, goldeneyes and mergansers. More » Ruddy Duck. Photo © David Mitchell /Flickr/CC by 2.0 9.  Stifftail The stifftails are aptly named diving ducks with spiky stiff tails which they use as agile rudders while swimming. The tail may also be held angled or vertically as a breeding or territorial display, especially between competing males. These ducks often have colorful bills and compa


What instrument, named from the Italian word for small, is traditionally considered to be the highest-pitched in an orchestra?

Musical Instruments Musical Instruments Harp A stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. All harps have a neck, resonator and strings. Some, known as frame harps, also have a forepillar; those lacking the forepillar are referred to as open harps. Harp strings can be made of nylon (sometimes wound around copper), gut (more commonly used than nylon), wire, or silk. A person who plays the harp is called a harpist or a harper. Various types of harps are found in Africa, Europe, North, and South America, and a few parts of Asia. In antiquity harps and the closely related lyres were very prominent in nearly all musical cultures, but they lost popularity in the early 19th century with Western music composers, being thought of primarily as a woman's instrument after Marie Antoinette popularised it as a lady's pastime. The aeolian harp (wind harp) and autoharp are technically zithers, not harps, because their strings are not perpendicular to the soundboard. The harp's origins may lie in the sound of a plucked hunter's bow string. The oldest documented references to the harp are from 4000 BC in Egypt (see Music of Egypt) and 3000 BC in Mesopotamia. While the harp is mentioned in most translations of the Bible, King David being the most prominent musician, the Biblical "harp" was actually a kinnor, a type of lyre with 10 strings. Harps also appear in ancient epics, and in Egyptian wall paintings. This kind of harp, now known as the folk harp, continued to evolve in many different cultures all over the world. It may have developed independently in some places. The lever harp came about in the second half of the 17th century to enable key changes while playing. The player manually turned a hook or lever against an individual string to raise the string's pitch by a half step. In the 1700s, a link mechanism was developed connecting these hooks with pedals, leading to the invention of the single-action pedal harp. Later, a second row of hooks was installed along the neck to allow for the double-action pedal harp, capable of raising the pitch of a string by either one or two half steps. With this final enhancement, the modern concert harp was born. Some pedal harps have rods in the column, but the latest harps have cables which makes for better pedal action. Piano The general name given to a musical instrument classified as a keyboard, percussion, or string instrument, depending on the system of classification used. The piano produces sound by striking steel strings with felt hammers that immediately rebound allowing the string to continue vibrating at its resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through the bridges to the soundboard, which amplifies them. The piano is widely used in western music for solo performance, chamber music, and accompaniment. It is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal. Although not portable and often expensive, the piano's versatility and ubiquity has made it among the most familiar of musical instruments. The word piano is a shortened form of the word pianoforte, which is seldom used except in formal language and derived from the original Italian name for the instrument, gravic�mbalo col piano e forte (literally harpsichord with soft and loud). This refers to the ability of the piano to produce notes at different dynamic levels depending on the speed with which a key is depressed. Violin A bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola and cello. A violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle, no matter what kind of music is played on it. The word "violin" comes to us through the Romance languages from the Middle Latin word vitula, meaning "stringed instrument". A person who plays the violin is called a violinist or fiddler, and a person who makes or repairs them is called a luthier, or simply a violin maker. The violin emerged in northern Italy in the early 16th century. Most likely t


What controversial artist designed the Chupa Chups lollipop logo?

Salvador Dalí's Real Masterpiece: The Logo For Chupa Chups Lollipops | Co.Design | business + design Salvador Dalí's Real Masterpiece: The Logo For Chupa Chups Lollipops Working at a cafe table for an hour, Salvador Dalí managed to design a logo that’s sold billions. Recent posts Follow The Life Of Plastic In Photos, From The Factory To The Ocean This Company Is Challenging Apple's Design Empire With A $129 Computer William Gibson's "Neuromancer" Gets A Cover Made With--What Else?--Code Everything Is Awful So Let's All Escape To This Treehouse For Grown-Ups Belinda Lanks 03.08.12 9:22 AM Salvador Dalí, the wacky surrealist known for his signature pointy mustache and painting melting clocks, was also graphic designer behind the classic Chupa Chups—an enduringly sweet, bright rendition of a daisy. The Catalan lollipop made its first appearance in 1958, when the company founder Enric Bernat hatched the idea of placing a bonbon on a stick. He called the product "GOL," imagining the candy as a soccer ball and the open mouth a net. It didn’t go over well. So Bernat hired an ad agency that renamed his product "Chupa Chups" (from the Spanish chupar, meaning "to suck"). All that was left was the branding. In 1969 , Bernat complained about what he had while having coffee with his artist friend—none other than Salvador Dalí. You need a logo?! According to lore , the painter went to work immediately, doodling for an hour on newspapers that were laying around. Dalí's version masterfully integrated the wordmark into the daisy design, and has hardly changed since. And Phaidon points us to one subtle, extremely smart feature of the design: Acutely aware of presentation, Dalí insisted that his design be placed on top of the lolly, rather than the side, so that it could always be viewed intact. It’s proved to be one of the most enduring pieces of branding ever and one that’s still used today, four billion sales later. What would induce the famous artist to take on such a project? Dinero. The guy rarely turned it down, causing surrealist poet André Breton to nickname him "Avida Dollars"—an anagram of Dalí's name that roughly translates to "eager for cash." [Image: p4nc0np4n ] Never miss a story.


What is the famous eastern seaboard of Nicaragua and south Honduras, named after its Native American Indian people, and more commonly known in its westernized misunderstood form?

The News Newspaper - Issue 154 by The News Newspaper - issuu VICTORIA CAR HIRE UK UK Self Drive £99 per week Fully inclusive No hidden extras Delivery & Collection Gatwick Airport only Tel: 0044 1293 432155 Fax: 0044 1293 402600 Issue 154 Wednesday, December 14th 2011 Celebrating our third birthday! The News is three years old this week. We would like to thank all our friends and supporters for continuing to believe in us. REGRETS OVER DAMAGE CAUSED - NATIONAL NEWS Royal son-in-law excluded The Duke of Palma, a former Olympic handball player, has agreed not to take part in oﬃcial duties for the foreseeable future. The announcement was made by the head of the king's household, Rafael Spottorno, on Monday, after weeks of royal silence on the scandal surrounding him. Mr Spottorno said the duke's behaviour "does not seem exemplary", but added that he had the right to be presumed innocent. It is not clear whether his wife, the king's youngest daughter Princess Cristina, will be affected. When asked about her status Mr Spottorno replied “We'll see”. Inaki Urdangarin, who married Princess Cristina in 1999, is being investigated over claims he misused public funds given to a foundation he ran, although exact details of the accusations against him have not been made public. According to the media, the duke is accused of misdirecting part of some of €6m paid to his not-forprofit Noos Institute by regional governments to organise sporting events. Some of the money allegedly ended up in forprofit companies which he ran. He stepped down as head of the institute in 2006. Over the weekend, the Duke, who has denied any wrong-doing over the events from 2004 to 2006, said that neither the royal family nor his wife had anything to do with the institute or his private companies and regretted any "damage" caused. CONTINueD ON PAge 2 FULLY LICENSED PAWNBROKER FULLY LICENSED GOLD DEALER FULLY LICENSED JEWELLERS ANTHONYS DIAMONDS TOP LONDON PRICES PAID FOR GOLD & SILVER. ESTABLISHED 1983 FF CALL NOW to get it¡!   WORLD Greetings from Sydney! By Kym Wickham k.wickham@thenewsonline.es As I mentioned last week, we are oﬀ on our “holiday of a lifetime” for my husband’s 60th birthday. I am an awful traveller so the twelve-and-a-half hour, then one-hour stop-over, then another eight-and-a-half hour plane journeys were horrible. I don’t know about you but, being only 5´ tall, I think whoever designed aeroplane seats should have something nasty done to them! The headrests are in such a position at my height that the so-called neck rests hit the back of your head and, as for sleeping on a plane…. Forget it. A World music concert. TIckets are €10 and all proceeds will go to the Refugio. Castle Bil Bil, Benalmadena Tuesday 20th December 8.30pm For more information 952 584 313 New Parliament assembles There was only one incident, when Izquierda Unida MP Gaspar Llamazares interrupted the procedures to complain that his party had been excluded from the Parliamentary Table, at which only the governing party, the PP, the Socialists and the moderate The duke's lawyer, Mario Pascual Vives, said his client was "worried, saddened and rather indignant at what is coming out in the media". been demanding years. This Parliament is dominated by public service officials (126) and lawyers (51) but there are also 19 doctors, two veterinarians, an actor, a former farmer and an orthopaedic technician to contribute some variety, along with 24 university professors, nine economists, six businessmen and five journalists, among others. Of the 350 MPs 139 are making their appearance for the first time. There are 124 women – 66 from the PP, 42 Socialists, five from the CiU, three from Izquierda Unida. Two from the UP&D (Union, Progress and Democracy party) and one each from the nationalist parties Amaiur, PNV, ERC, Coalición Canaria and Geroa Bai. Most of the MPs have been to university but one put down “basic studies” and 18 have “other studies”. All the MPs’ details are available on Parliament's web page. It is the first time that the royal family has been threaten


During which war was the Battle of Anzio?

Anzio: Rare and Classic World War II Photos From Italy SHARE On the 70th anniversary of the start of World War II's pivotal Battle of Anzio, LIFE presents photographs -- many never published before -- from that hard-won Allied victory. On January 22, 1944, six months after the Allied invasion of Sicily, American and British troops swarmed ashore at Anzio , roughly 30 miles south of Rome. The brainchild of Winston Churchill and dubbed Operation Shingle, the attack caught German troops stationed along the Italian coast largely by surprise; but after the initial onslaught, the Germans dug in. The next four months saw some of the fiercest, most prolonged fighting in World War II’s European Theater , as the Allies — including Canadians and French alongside the British and Americans — battled German troops for control of the region. LIFE photographer George Silk, a New Zealand native who covered the war from the North African desert, through Rome, up to Belgian’s forests and into Germany itself, spent months with the Allies after they landed at Anzio, chronicling what LIFE magazine at one point characterized as a “slow, maddening, fruitless battle.” In late May, the Allies finally managed a breakout assault, supported by artillery and air power; in early June, Allied troops entered Rome virtually unopposed. Here, on the 70th anniversary of the start of the Battle of Anzio, LIFE.com presents a series of Silk’s photographs — many of them never published before — that graphically illustrate the grueling stalemate, accompanied always by lethal violence, that defined the operation. Roughly 7,000 Allied troops were killed in those four months. Another 36,000 were wounded or missing in action. The Germans suffered 40,000 casualties (5,000 killed) while more than 4,000 surrendered and were taken prisoner. NOTE: According to Silk’s typewritten captions for his photos, slide #16 in the gallery above features a soldier, William P. Chirolas, displaying “things that men in M Company don’t like: Dextrose tablets — taste terrible, almost invariably thrown away; Barbasol — they don’t like brushless shaving cream, say it sticks in the razor; Fleetwood cigarettes — typical of the cheap cigarettes that come in the K rations; processed American cheese — gets very tiresome when eaten day after day. . . .” “The men complain,” Silk noted, “that the cheap [cigarette] brands are distributed just to please the manufacturers who want to keep their trade names going, and that the good brands are taken by the ‘Rear Echelon Boys’ before they reach the front.” On the thin, worn paper Silk used to type his notes and that survives, yellowing and brittle, in LIFE’s archives (see scan below), one can clearly discern that someone — very likely a censor in the U.S. War Department — crossed out those particular observations with a red pencil. After all, the notion of “American boys” complaining bitterly about crappy tobacco, processed cheese and other indignities at the front didn’t quite fit the image the War Department’s Bureau of Public Relations wished to present to the folks back home. The more things change. . . .


The port of Drammen is in which European country?

Drammen Harbor, Norway - ports.com Ports.com Calculate distance and sea route ( more ) From:Drammen Harbor, Norway look for a city or a country, suggestions will show up as you type calculate! Clicking the button below will trigger our attention and we will investigate the accuracy of the records on the page. Thank you for helping us! Drammen Harbor, Norway:


What measure of thermal resistance used in the textile industry is said to derive from the name of a Roman garment?

HEAD2TOE PROTECTION by The Textile Journal - issuu issuu Reflective Materials PPE Certification Protective Footwear FR Clothing Performance PPE Performance 2014 • Volume 1 www.head2toeprotection.com is not created equal 1 in 3 non 3M Scotchlite™ Reflective Material garments are not bright enough to meet relevant safety standards, right out of the package, even though they are labeled as compliant*. ™ Ensure your garments are truly compliant look for the 3M™ Scotchlite™ Reflective Material logo. 3M.com/Scotchlite *Based on a study by 3M of 79 vests purchased on the open market (all using components other than 3M™ Scotchlite™ Reflective Material), 33% failed the ANSI 107 test for initial brightness. These data were verified by third party testing. H2T, vol. 1-5.indd 2 Head2Toe Protection a magazine specializing in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Distributed at the NSC Congress and Expo free of charge, this magazine focuses on new developments and products in the following markets: Head gear High-visibility workwear Safety footwear Eye, hand and ear protection. Take advantage of our contributors’ personal protective equipment (PPE) expertise to learn more about highvisibility clothing, protective footwear, PPE regulations, performance of fireretardant (FR) clothing, and performance of PPE—all here, in this first edition of Head2Toe Protection. Industry News, p. 4 New Products, p. 6 Advertisers Index, p. 50 + Reflective Materials p. 14 PPE Certification p. 18 Protective Footwear p. 28 FR Clothing Performance p. 38 PPE Performance p. 44 H2T, vol. 1-5.indd 3 Head2toe Protection 2014 • Volume 1 3 14-08-24 22:07 News Williamson-Dickie Acquires North East Rig Out Global workwear maker adds to its portfolio Williamson-Dickie (WD) has acquired North East Rig Out (NERO), a UK-based workwear manufacturer specializing in head-to-toe personal protective equipment (PPE) solutions for the oil and gas industry. The addition to WD’s global product and service offering gives the company an experienced and quality workforce, while NERO’s manufacturing resources and in-house value-added services —including design, embroidery and screen-printing—provide a full-service solution for petroleum customers. NERO’s products and services function in tandem with, and will incorporate logically into, WD’s existing assets. This acquisition will consolidate WD’s competitiveness in the European market. www.williamsondickie.com Gentex Corporation Acquires Helmet Integrated Systems Addition expands international growth, product offering and service to global defense and security personnel Gentex Corporation has completed the acquisition of Helmet Integrated Systems (HISL), an established provider of helmets, communications equipment and respiratory protection for civil, defense, security and industrial personnel. Gentex and HISL plan to combine their world-class products, technologies and manufacturing resources to provide customers with the most advanced, comprehensive lines of integrated helmet, respiratory and communications systems in the market. 4 The addition of HISL will accelerate Gentex’s international growth by providing immediate access to new markets, while access to Gentex’s business development, technology, manufacturing and quality engineering resources will strengthen HISL’s offering and support the growth of their brands in the global market. www.gentexcorp.com www.helmets.co.uk Protective Clothing Market to Reach $8 Billion by 2018 MarketsandMarkets anticipates further increases for protection markets worldwide A new report by MarketsandMarkets defines and segments the protective clothing market with an analysis and forecast of protective clothing market revenues. The report covers trends in the protective clothing market in five regions: North America, Europe, AsiaPacific, Middle East and Africa, and Latin America. According to the study, Spreading Germs: A Healthcare Uniform Approach Although many healthcare facilities offer laundering services for employee uniforms by a commercial, co-op or on-premise laundry, many employees choose


David Cameron, Boris Johnson, Ludovic Kennedy and David Dimbleby are among the past members of which exclusive and hedonistic Oxford club?

bullingdon club : definition of bullingdon club and synonyms of bullingdon club (English) 9 External links   History The Bullingdon Club was founded over 200 years ago. Petre Mais claims it was founded in 1780 and was limited to 30 men, [3] and by 1875 it was considered "an old Oxford institution, with many good traditions". [4] Originally it was a hunting and cricket club, and Thomas Assheton Smith II is recorded as having batted for the Bullingdon against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1796. [5] In 1805 cricket at Oxford University "was confined to the old Bullingdon Club, which was expensive and exclusive". [6] This foundational sporting purpose is attested to in the Club's symbol. The Wisden Cricketer reports that the Bullingdon is "ostensibly one of the two original Oxford University cricket teams but it actually used cricket merely as a respectable front for the mischievous, destructive or self-indulgent tendencies of its members". [7] By the late 19th century, the present emphasis on dining within the Club began to emerge. However, Walter Long attests that in 1875 "Bullingdon Club [cricket] matches were also of frequent occurrence, and many a good game was played there with visiting clubs. The Bullingdon Club dinners were the occasion of a great display of exuberant spirits, accompanied by a considerable consumption of the good things of life, which often made the drive back to Oxford an experience of exceptional nature". [4] A report of 1876 relates that "cricket there was secondary to the dinners, and the men were chiefly of an expensive class". [8] The New York Times told its readers in 1913 that "The Bullingdon represents the acme of exclusiveness at Oxford; it is the club of the sons of nobility, the sons of great wealth; its membership represents the 'young bloods' of the university". [9]   Today Today, the Bullingdon is still primarily a dining club , although a vestige of the Club's sporting links survives in its support of an annual point to point race . The Club President, known as the General, presents the winner's cup, and the Club members meet at the race for a champagne breakfast. The Club also meets for an annual Club dinner. Guests may be invited to either of these events. There may also be smaller dinners during the year to mark the initiation of new members. Membership elections are held twice a year, when successful new members are visited in their rooms, where the new member is expected to consume the contents of an entire tin of Colman's powdered English Mustard, followed by the room being 'trashed' as a symbol of their election. The Club's modus operandi has often been to book a private dining room under an assumed name, as most restaurateurs are wary of the Club's reputation for causing considerable drunken damage during the course of dinner. A photograph of former Bullingdon Club members wearing their club uniforms, including David Cameron and Boris Johnson , was revealed in 2007. [10]   Reputation A number of episodes over many decades have become anecdotal evidence of the Club's behaviour. Famously, on 12 May 1894 [11] [12] and again on 20 February 1927, [13] after dinner, Bullingdon members smashed almost all the glass of the lights and 468 windows in Peckwater Quad of Christ Church , along with the blinds and doors of the building. As a result, the Club was banned from meeting within 15 miles of Oxford. [2] While still Prince of Wales, Edward VIII had a certain amount of difficulty in getting his parents' permission to join the Bullingdon on account of the Club's reputation. He eventually obtained it only on the understanding that he never join in what was then known as a "Bullingdon blind", a euphemistic phrase for an evening of drink and song. On hearing of his eventual attendance at one such evening, Queen Mary sent him a telegram requesting that he remove his name from the Club. [9] [14] Andrew Gimson, biographer of Boris Johnson, reported about the club in the 1980s: "I don't think an evening would have ended without a restaurant being trashed and being paid for in full, very often


What nickname was given to the artificial life form created in 2010 by US biologist Craig Venter?

Artificial life created by Craig Venter - but could it wipe out humanity? | Daily Mail Online comments Scientists today lined up to air their fears over a genome pioneer's claims that he has created artificial life in the laboratory. In a world first, which has alarmed many, maverick biologist and billionaire entrepreneur Craig Venter, built a synthetic cell from scratch. The creation of the new life form, which has been nicknamed 'Synthia', paves the way for customised bugs that could revolutionise healthcare and fuel production, according to its maker. But there are fears that the research, detailed in the journal Science, could be abused to create the ultimate biological weapon, or that one mistake in a lab could lead to millions being wiped out by a plague, in scenes reminiscent of the Will Smith film I Am Legend. [caption] While some hailed the research as 'a defining moment in the history of biology', others attacked it as 'a shot in the dark', with 'unparalleled risks'. The team involved have been accused of 'playing God' and tampering 'with the essence of life'. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share Dr Venter created the lifeform by synthesising a DNA code and injecting it into a single bacteria cell. The cell containing the man-made DNA then grew and divided, creating a hitherto unseen lifeform. Kenneth Oye, a social scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the U.S., said: 'Right now, we are shooting in the dark as to what the long-term benefits and long-term risks will be.' [caption] Pat Mooney, of the ETC group, a technology watchdog with a special interest in synthetic biology, said: 'This is a Pandora's box moment - like the splitting of the atom or the cloning of Dolly the sheep, we will all have to deal with the fall-out from this alarming experiment.' Dr David King, of the Human Genetics Alert watchdog, said: 'What is really dangerous is these scientists' ambitions for total and unrestrained control over nature, which many people describe as 'playing God'. 'Scientists' understanding of biology falls far short of their technical capabilities. We have learned to our cost the risks that gap brings, for the environment, animal welfare and human health.' Professor Julian Savulescu, an Oxford University ethicist, said: 'Venter is creaking open the most profound door in humanity's history, potentially peeking into its destiny. 'He is not merely copying life artificially or modifying it by genetic engineering. He is going towards the role of God: Creating artificial life that could never have existed.' He said the creation of the first designer bug was a step towards 'the creation of living beings with capacities and a nature that could never have naturally evolved'. The risks were 'unparalleled',' he added. And he warned: 'This could be used in the future to make the most powerful bioweapons imaginable. The challenge is to eat the fruit without the worm.'  Dr Venter, who was instrumental in sequencing the human genome, had previously succeeded in transplanting one bug's genome - its entire cache of DNA - into another bacterium, effectively changing its species. He has taken this one step further, transplanting not a natural genome but a man-made one. To do this, he read the DNA of Mycoplasma mycoides, a bug that infects goats, and recreated it piece by piece. The fragments were then 'stitched together' and inserted into a bacterium from a different species. There, it sprang to life, allowing the bug to grow and multiply, producing generations that were entirely artificial. The transferred DNA contained around 850 genes - a fraction of the 20,000 or so contained in a human's genetic blueprint.       In future, bacterial 'factories' could be set up to manufacture artificial organisms designed for specific tasks such as medicines or producing clean biofuels. The technology could also be harnessed to create environmentally friendly bugs capable of mopping up carbon dioxide or toxic waste. Dr Venter, a 63-year-old Vietnam War veteran known for his showman tendencies, said last night: 'We are en


Spencer Perceval (1762-1812) is the only British Prime Minister to have been what?

Spencer Perceval (1762-1812) Spencer Perceval (1762-1812) [ Victorian Web Home —> Political History —> Prime Ministers ] Spencer Perceval, only British Prime Minister to have been assassinated, served in that office from 4 October 1809 to 11 May 1812. He was born on 1 November 1762, the second son and fifth of nine children born to John Perceval, second Earl of Egmont, and his second wife Catherine Compton. From his father's first marriage, Spencer Perceval had seven half-brothers and sisters. The family was Irish in ancestry. Perceval was educated at Harrow and Trinity , Cambridge, being awarded  his College's Declamation Prize for English. He was awarded an MA in 1782 and  was called to the Bar in 1786, practising on the Midland Circuit.  He became  Deputy Recorder of Northampton in 1790, the year in which he married Jane Spencer-Wilson  in 1790: the couple had six sons and six daughters. Between 1794 and 1803,  during the French Wars, Perceval was a member of the London and Westminster  Light Horse Volunteers. In 1796, Perceval became MP for Northampton, a seat which he held until his  death in 1812. During his time as an MP, he held a number of government  posts including that of Solicitor General (Jan 1801-April 1802), Attorney General  (April 1802-February 1806) and Chancellor of the Exchequer (March 1807-May 1812).   Perceval was always a supporter of the government and this brought sinecures  which kept him solvent until his legal career took off. He was the chief  legal adviser to the Princess of Wales in the hearing of misconduct held in  1806; although she was found guilty of 'grossly indelicate conduct', Perceval  was instrumental in arranging her reconciliation with George III. Always  anti-Catholic, Spencer Perceval opposed Grenville 's  government's attempt to introduce concessions to Catholics in Ireland in 1807,  thus contributing significantly to the fall of the ministry. Spencer Perceval was almost 47 years old when George III appointed him as Prime  Minister on 4 October 1809. Perceval's lasting claim to fame is that, so far,  he is the only British PM to have been assassinated. As a politician, Perceval  was industrious, well-organised, and capable. He held the posts of PM and  Chancellor of the Exchequer concurrently; while he had a conservative outlook  on society, he supported the anti-slavery campaign led by Wilberforce. He was a successful finance minister but opposed concessions  to Catholics, particularly in Ireland . Perceval's political career prior to his appointment as PM included him holding  the post of Chancellor of the Exchequer in Portland's second ministry.  In May 1807 the general election strengthened Portland 's  majority and proved to be Perceval's last electoral contest. On 26 June the  new Parliament met to hear the King's Speech, written largely by Perceval; on  7 July 1807 following Napoleon's successes at Eylau and Friedland, the Treaty  of Tilsit was signed by the Czar and Emperor. It was thought to contain secret  threats to besiege Britain. Consequently, the Government ordered a pre-emptive  strike against the Danish fleet at Copenhagen after which the Danes surrendered. On 11 November there was fierce opposition in Parliament both to the action  against Denmark and to the Orders in Council subsequently drafted by Perceval,  designed to impose retaliatory trade restrictions on neutral countries. His  Bill eventually was passed on 11 March 1808; in February his Budget had to cover  expenditures of about ï¿½49 million. War taxes were estimated to produce only  ï¿½20 million, and after other duties and taxes and with lottery income of ï¿½350,000  a total of ï¿½8 million had to be borrowed. Beginning on 8 March, 1809 a three-day debate took place on a motion calling  for the removal of the Duke of York as Commander-in-Chief. The issue arose from the practice of the Duke's mistress, Mary Clarke, of taking payments for arrangingappointments and promotions. Perceval's three-hour speech responding to th


Which singer and actor's epitaph is 'The Best is Yet to Come'?

20 Memorable Epitaphs | HowStuffWorks 20 Memorable Epitaphs Harry Langdon/ Getty Images They might be six feet under, but a good epitaph means they'll never be forgotten. Some of the wittiest and most famous people who lived here on Earth left an equally memorable message on their tombstones to remember them by when they died. Many offer inside jokes and punchy observations about life and death ; some don't contain words at all. Some of these epitaphs are momentous and others are hilarious -- but all of them are near perfect representations of the persons buried beneath them. From Frank Sinatra to Winston Churchill to Jesse James, here lie 20 of our favorite gravestone inscriptions.


Regions of France | Lorraine Region of France - Food & Gastronomy - Flammekueche Lorraine Mirabelles Plums The Lorraine Mirabelle is a mouth-watering, tasty variety of plums widely appreciated in France. The delightful Mirabelle from the Lorraine region of France is a small, yellow-coloured variety of plum. Since the famous French cook Jean-Pierre Coffe stated "Happiness exists. I’ve met it. It weighs 14.3 grams and it comes from Lorraine", this delicate and tasty fruit has been a real benchmark in the French gastronomy. Enjoyed on its own or complementing all sorts of pastry, the "Mirabelle de Lorraine" is now a common ingredient for tarts, typical clafoutis and, above all, jams. French Chefs also use the Northern fruit for delicious sweet and savoury mixes, with fish or duck fillets for instance. Authentic Lorraine Mirabelle Plum Mirabelle's harvest begins generally at mid-August, resulting in a really popular annual feast in the town of Metz. This Northern town of Lorraine is indeed renowned for its production of Mirabelles. Plums from Metz are particularly appreciated for being smaller than the others (from Southern Lorraine) and with a very fine, red and yellow skin. This variety is actually the most used to make jams, whilst the Mirabelles from Nancy's area are bigger and generally kept in pots with syrup. Traditional Mirabelle Tart Since 1996, the French Mirabelle production has been protected by a PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) to guarantee its authenticity and quality at the European level. In 1999, this regional fruit was granted two specific labels - "Red Labels" and "Mirabelle de Lorraine" - that would recognize Lorraine plum producers' expertise. The Lorraine region of France produces 70 % of the mirabelle plums' world production, meaning that the crop is annually limited to 15,000 tons! According to Lorraine legends, the Mirabelle plum may have been introduced first in the town of Mirabeau (named "Mirabella" in Latin), in the Vaucluse department of France. It is thought that the Duke of Anjou and Lorraine got the first mirabelle plum trees planted in the 15th century and, given the success of the fruit, finally brought them to Lorraine. But Lorraine inhabitants like to link the Mirabelle with the "Princess Mira" legend. It is believed that this generous, pretty Princess lived in a beautiful castle in the so-called "Pays de Nied". One day, she offered an old woman hospitality and in return, the old lady (who was a fairy) transformed all the trees of the kingdom into magnificient, rich trees full of golden fruits. Such appetizing fruit was then called "Mirabelle" to recall the Princess's name and beauty ("belle" meaning pretty in French). If we refer to the Latin etymology - "pretty to see" - Lorrain inhabitants are completely entitled to lay claim to their legend!


In which year was the Euro, the single European currency, introduced into the world financial markets?

The euro - European Commission European Commission Communicating on the euro The euro The euro is the single currency shared by 19 of the European Union's Member States, which together make up the euro area. The introduction of the euro in 1999 was a major step in European integration. It has also been one of its major successes: more than 337.5 million EU citizens in 19 countries now use it as their currency and enjoy its benefits.  The euro is not the currency of all EU Member States. Two countries (Denmark and the United Kingdom) have ‘opt-out’ clauses in the Treaty exempting them from participation, while the remainder (several of the more recently acceded EU members plus Sweden) have yet to meet the conditions for adopting the single currency. See the timeline below to have a glimpse of the historical evolution of the euro area since 1999.   Click here for a detailed list of countries that use the euro . The euro and Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) All EU Member States form part of EMU, which can be described as an advanced stage of economic integration based on a single market. It involves close co-ordination of economic and fiscal policies and, for those countries fulfilling certain conditions, a single monetary policy and a single currency – the euro. The process of economic and monetary integration in the EU parallels the history of the Union itself. When the EU was founded in 1957, the Member States concentrated on building a 'common market'. However, over time it became clear that closer economic and monetary co-operation was necessary for the internal market to develop and flourish further. The goal of achieving the EMU, including a single currency, was not enshrined until the 1992 Maastricht Treaty (Treaty on European Union), which set out the ground rules for its introduction. These state what the objectives of EMU are, who is responsible for what, and what conditions Member States must meet in order to adopt the euro. These conditions are known as the 'convergence criteria' (or 'Maastricht criteria'). These criteria include low and stable inflation, exchange rate stability and sound public finances. Who manages it? The monetary policy of the eurozone is the responsibility of the European Central Bank (ECB), which was created for that purpose, and the national central banks of the euro area countries. Together they compose the Eurosystem. Fiscal and structural policies remain in the hands of individual national authorities. However, they must coordinate these policies in order to attain the common objectives of stability, growth and employment. A major coordination structure is the Stability and Growth pact , which contains agreed rules on fiscal discipline. The task of supervising financial institutions in the euro area has been entrusted to the European Central Bank and national supervisors. Working closely together within an integrated system, they check that banks comply with the EU banking rules in order to tackle problems early on. Why do we need it? The framework under which the euro is managed underpins its stability, contributes to low inflation and encourages sound public finances; A single currency is a logical complement to the single market and contributes to making it more efficient – increasing  price transparency, eliminating currency exchange costs, facilitating international trade and giving the EU a more powerful voice in the world; The size and strength of the euro area also better protect it from external economic shocks, such as unexpected oil price rises or turbulence in the currency markets; It makes travelling easier within the EU; It acts as a tangible symbol of European identity. European Recovery Against the background of the current debt crisis important measures to improve the economic governance in the EU and the euro area in particular have been taken. EU Member States have strengthened the Stability and Growth Pact, introduced a new mechanism to prevent or correct macroeconomic imbalances and are increasingly coordinating structural policies. These are crucial steps to str


What colour is the mineral rock malachite?

Malachite: The mineral malachite information and pictures Advertising Information The Mineral malachite Malachite is a popular mineral with its intense green color and beautiful banded masses. The banded specimens are formed by massive , botryoidal , reniform , and especially stalactitic Malachite that are dense intergrowths of tiny, fibrous needles. Dense banded specimens are often sliced and polished to bring out their beautiful coloring. The bands may consist of concentric rings with interesting patterns; such specimens are highly sought after. These concentric banded specimens are most commonly from African sources. Polished, banded Malachite has been carved into ornaments and worn as jewelry for thousands of years, and in some ancient civilizations it was thought to be a protection from evil when worn as jewelry. Malachite is generally found together with blue Azurite , and sometimes the two may occur admixed or banded together, forming what is commonly known in the gem and mineral trade as " Azure-Malachite ". Malachite may also replace Azurite crystals, retaining the original Azurite shape but chemically alter ing it. For additional information, see the gemstone section on Malachite . USES When found in large pieces, the banded variety of Malachite makes a precious ornamental stone. Small ornamental objects, such as boxes and animal figures, are carved out of this compact stone, and if properly polished, they can be valuable. Malachite is also used as a minor gemstone, and is cut into cabochon s and fashioned into necklace beads. "Azure-malachite" is also used as gemstone and has the same gem applications as banded Malachite. Malachite is very popular among mineral collectors, especially interestingly shaped and banded specimens. It is also used as an ore of copper and crushed to make a green pigment. NOTEWORTHY LOCALITIES There are many places where fine Malachite comes from. Only the best will be mentioned here. Much of the original gem material, from which ornaments and jewelry were made since early times, was from the large deposits in Yekaterinburg Oblast in the Ural Mountains of Russia. Africa contains several outstanding Malachite deposits. The mines at Katanga (Shaba), especially at Kolwezi, in the D.R. Congo (Zaire) produce Malachite in all sorts of odd shapes and forms, and are the source of the best banded , concentric , stalactitic and sparkling specimens. Tsumeb, Namibia, has also produced some of the best Malachite, especially Malachite pseudomorph s after Azurite . The Emke Mine in Ogonja, Namibia is also an outstanding Malachite locality. Morocco also contains fabulous Malachite sources, specifically in Touissit and Kerrouchene. Australia contains important Malachite localities at Burra Burra, South Australia; the Rum Jungle, Batchelor, Northern Territory; and the Sir Dominick Mine, Flinders Ranges, South Australia. A new specimen producer is China, where gorgeous Malachite comes from the Shilu Mine, Yangchun, Guangdong Province, with amazing stalactite s worthy of special mention. Chessy, in the Rhône-Alpes, France, is an old and classic locality, where excellent pseudomorph s of Malachite after Cuprite occur in octahedral and even dodecahedral crystals. Malachite from Brazil is especially prolific in Seabra, Bahia; and popular Mexican Malachite deposits include El Cobre, Concepcion del Oro, Zacatecas; and the now popular Milpillas Mine, Cananea, in Sonora. In the U.S., Arizona is by far the most prolific producer of Malachite, and the mines at Bisbee, Cochise Co., are well known among all collectors for their outstanding variety and quality of Malachite. Other important Arizona localities are Morenci, Greenlee Co.; Ajo, Pima Co.; Mammoth-Saint Anthony, Tiger, Pinal Co.; and the Globe-Miami District, Gila Co.


Which painter is known as The Father of Impressionism?

Father of Impressionism, Impressionist Movement | C Monet Gallery Father of Impressionism Monet • Monet Today • Father of Impressionism Monet, Father of Impressionism Claude Monet is perhaps the most famous of the Impressionist painters. While the movement takes its name from one of his paintings, he was not the first to paint in a style that would become known as Impressionism. He would, however, become the most famous of the impressionist painters. His work helped define the movement, and he became one of its leading figures. Impression rose from a desire for artists to show their work without the approval of the French art academy. Before impressionism, artists like Édouard Manet, Camille Pissarro, and Paul Cézanne were already growing disinterested in recognition from the government organized Salons; art exhibitions showcasing art selected by jurors chosen from the art academies in Paris. The Emperor Napoleon III organized a Salon des Refuses as a way of showing the works by painters who were rejected by the official Salons, but this did little to appease the avant garde painters. Monet, along with other artists, would gather at cafés in Paris to discuss painting. At Café Guerbois Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Pissarro, Cézanne met with the older Manet. It was here that the young artists founded the Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers. This group decided the only way to show their work was to put on their own exhibitions. In April of 1874, Monet and 29 other artists had their first showing at a studio of the photographer Nadar. That first show did little to draw critical praise. Upon viewing Monet’s Impression, Sunrise the art critic Louis Leroy wrote "Impression – I was certain of it. I was just telling myself that, since I was impressed, there had to be some impression in it ... and what freedom, what ease of workmanship! Wallpaper in its embryonic state is more finished than that seascape." His description of Monet’s painting was intended as an insult, calling the work an unfinished painting that would be better suited as a layer of wallpaper rather than art. Rather than be offended by the insult, Monet and the impressionists embraced it. While the group that became known as the Impressionists had no declared leader, Monet often took the brunt of the criticism. He was an outspoken advocate for their new style of art. Monet’s paintings showed all of the values and techniques that embodied Impressionist painting. Not only did his painting give the movement its name, his paintings defined the movement. Monet was painting in the style of what would become Impressionism in the early 1870’s. His paintings showed outdoor scenes of landscapes, bridges, and people spending leisurely days in the sun. Monet celebrated the rural life using light colors, showing the natural impression an artist can get more than the literal view he sees. He applied the paint with thick broad brushstrokes often mixing colors on the canvas. By today's standards his technique doesn’t seem so radical, but Monet was breaking rules that had been in place for hundreds of years. Critics and viewers were shocked to see unpainted canvas in some of his paintings, offended that he would show what they considered unfinished works. He painted outdoors, or en plein air, to capture the changing light. Before Monet, painters would meticulously sketch compositions, making their initial drawings outside to document the scene. However, they would then return to a studio to paint. Monet and the Impressionists painted outside because for them, the light was among the most important elements of the painting. Even beyond subject matter, how an artist saw something was as important as what they saw. He wrote "When you go out to paint, try to forget what objects you have before you — a tree, a house, a field. . . . Merely think, here is a little square of blue, here an oblong of pink, here a streak of yellow, and paint it just as it looks to you, the exact color and shape." The Impressionists held eight exhibits from 1874 to 1886