Which famous composer is on the back of the UK £20 banknote withdrawn in 2010?

Final day for the Elgar £20 note - BBC News BBC News Final day for the Elgar £20 note 30 June 2010 Close share panel Image caption The Elgar £20 note which is being withdrawn from circulation The £20 English banknote featuring the image of composer Edward Elgar will be accepted in shops for the last time on Wednesday. Banks, building societies and post offices will only exchange the note for a newer replacement at each institution's discretion after then. From 1 July, customers may find they can only swap it by sending it back to the Bank of England. The alternative £20 note carries a picture of economist Adam Smith. The Elgar £20 banknote, first issued in June 1999, has gradually been replaced by the Adam Smith note since March 2007. Variations The look of banknotes is sometimes changed by the Bank of England, partly to beat counterfeiters. The removal of writing and music in the shape of Shakespeare and Elgar on Bank of England notes makes our currency much less colourful Jeremy Dibble, Durham University The demise of the Elgar £20 note In 1993, William Shakespeare's image disappeared from the face of the £20 note. Elgar's image appears on the banknote along with a picture of Worcester Cathedral, the scene of the first performance of one of his best-known works - the Enigma Variations. His disappearance was branded as a "disgrace" by Jeremy Dibble, professor in the Department of Music at Durham University. "Land Of Hope And Glory is one of the most stirring tunes ever composed and its composer, Edward Elgar, is an iconic figure and a fitting symbol of artistic inspiration in England," he said. "Dropping Elgar tells us much about the way in which the arts is now viewed in England. "The removal of writing and music in the shape of Shakespeare and Elgar on Bank of England notes makes our currency much less colourful. Science and economics are important but so too are the arts." No penalty There is no formal penalty for any bank that continues to use Elgar notes in their cash machines, although the Bank of England argues that they would suffer a loss of reputation among customers. Until 1990, withdrawn notes - including those too damaged to use - were incinerated. But now, they are shredded before going to an industrial incinerator - or even being mixed with compost. The new £20 note features father of modern economics Adam Smith. He joins social reformer Elizabeth Fry, whose image is on the £5 note, naturalist Charles Darwin, who features on the £10, and first governor of the Bank of England Sir John Houblon, who is on the £50 note. Scottish banknotes feature various famous Scots, such as poet Robert Burns and biologist Sir Alexander Fleming.


In the conventional game of pool ('eight-ball', or 'spots and stripes') what colour are the 3 and 11 balls?

The Definitive Guide to Pool Balls Billiards Billiard Resource Center The Definitive Guide to Pool Balls The Definitive Guide to Pool Balls Everything You've Ever Wanted to Know About Pool Balls (If You Ever Wanted to Know Anything About Pool Balls) Author: Curt Riedy We strongly encourage any reader who finds this information beneficial to share it with their friends or other interested parties. Our readers are encouraged to link to this article from their own websites. 8-Ball: Transcending the Game It's a big world, and there's a lot of balls out there, especially when it comes to the game of pool. Sure, a lot of us may only be familiar with their primary American uses (e.g. use the white cue ball to hit, choose between stripes and solids, get the 8-Ball in last, etc), but some of you may be surprised by the history of the pool ball itself, as well as the varying weights, sizes and colors used in the different forms of billiards out there, ranging from carom, snooker, to what many of us have come to know as the traditional game of eight-ball. The History of Pool / Billiard Balls: Since the game's inception in the 15th Century, billiard balls have been made from many different materials, such as clay, bakelite, celluloid, crystallite, ivory, plastic, steel and the earliest form, wood. From 1627 to the mid-20th century, the most dominant of billiard ball material was ivory. The search for a substitute for ivory use was, oddly enough, not for environmental concerns but based mostly on lowering the high production costs and the growing fear for the safety of those poor, sympathetic elephant hunters. After the reign of ivory, the 1900's brought the first viable pool ball substitute, celluloid. Unfortunately, celluloid only achieved minimal success to due to the fact that it often exploded during the delivery, which many people tend to frown upon. Thanks to the success of brands like Aramith , the most popular material used in billiard balls today is phenolic resin, which is closely followed by polyester and various other polymers. The Major Differences: Many unique variations of the game of billiards have been created throughout the world. Because of this, many different versions exist of the billiard ball itself, all varying in number, type, diameter, color, and pattern. It all depends upon the specific game being played. . Here's a quick breakdown of the balls associated with some of the world's most popular billiard games. American-Style Balls: Size: 2 1/4 in. Weight: 5 1/2 - 6 oz. In the US, the term "billiard balls" generally refers to balls used to play various pocket billiard games such as eight-ball , nine-ball and one-pocket. In the UK, the American version of the billiard ball is referred to as "Kelly pool". In an average game of 8-Ball, Balls # 1 - 7 are often referred to as solids, with balls # 9 - 15 being the stripes. Despite having a similar look, the 8-Ball is set apart from the rest of the solids due to its unique significance within the American game of pool. Visual Number/Color Breakdown: Snooker Balls: Standard Size: 21⁄8 in (52.5 mm). An extremely unique form of billiards, Snooker is played using a white cue ball, 15 red balls, as well as 6 additional balls of various colors. The red balls are racked in a fashion similar to the American game of 8-Ball, with the six assorted colors aligned to specific positions along the table. Once one of the red balls is pocketed, a player can choose to hit one of the colored balls, which are each assigned a different point value. This point value is as follows: Yellow Ball - 2 points Carom Billiard Balls: Standard Size: 27⁄16 inches (61.5 mm). One of the oldest forms of the game, the balls used in carom billiards consist of only 3 colors; red, yellow, and white. The white ball is often engraved with a red or black circle which is meant to aid in targeting. Carom has traditionally been a unique three-ball game that is actually played on a pocket-less table. The name "carom" itself stems from a shortening of carambola, which was earlier used to describe the red object b


How many zeros are represented by the metric multiple prefix 'tera'?

Metric Numbers Metric Numbers What is kilo, mega, giga, tera ... ? In the Metric System there are standard ways to talk about big   and small numbers: "kilo" for a thousand, Example: A long rope measures one thousand meters It is easier to say it is 1 kilometer long, and even easier     to write it down as 1 km. So we used kilo in front of the word meter to make "kilometer". And the abbreviation is "km" (k for kilo and m for meter, put together).   Some more examples: Example: You put your bag on a set of scales and it shows      2000 grams, we can call that 2 kilograms, or simply 2 kg. Example: The doctor wants you to take 5 thousandths of a liter of medicine (a thousandth is one thousand times smaller),      he is more likely to say "take 5 milliliters",   or write it down as 5 mL. "kilo", "mega", "milli" etc are called "prefixes": Prefix: a word part that can be added to the beginning of another word to create a new word So, using the prefix "milli" in front of "liter" creates a new word "milliliter". Here we list the prefix for commonly used big and small numbers: Common Big and Small Numbers Name Try To Do Some Yourself! How do you refer to a million liters? How about one billionth of a meter? See the bottom of this page for more questions to challenge yourself ... How Big Are They? There is a lot of difference between them. Think in terms of time: A million seconds is about 12 days A billion seconds is about 32 years A longer list: A thousand seconds is about a quarter of an hour A million seconds is about 12 days A billion seconds is about 32 years, almost half a lifetime A trillion seconds is about 32,000 years (the last Ice Age finished 12,000 years ago) Much Bigger and Smaller There are also prefixes for much bigger and smaller numbers: Some Very Big, and Very Small Numbers Name


On a chessboard what square (using modern letter and number reference) would the white king pawn occupy if its first move was two squares forward?

chess - Chess.com Chess.com #1 Jan 8, 2009 Chess is a recreational and competitive game played between two players. Sometimes called Western chess or international chess to distinguish it from its predecessors and other chess variants, the current form of the game emerged in Southern Europe during the second half of the 15th century after evolving from similar, much older games of Indian and Persian origin. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments. The game is played on a square chequered chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight square. At the start, each player (one controlling the white pieces, the other controlling the black pieces) controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, whereby the king is under immediate attack (in "check") and there is no way to remove it from attack on the next move. The tradition of organized competitive chess started in the sixteenth century and has developed extensively. Chess today is a recognized sport of the International Olympic Committee. The first official World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; Viswanathan Anand is the current World Champion. Theoreticians have developed extensive chess strategies and tactics since the game's inception. Aspects of art are found in chess composition. One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. Today's chess is deeply influenced by the abilities of current chess programs and the ability to play against others online. In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov by a score of 3.5-2.5. Contents [hide] 1.4 End of the game 1.5 Time control 3.2 Origins of the modern game (1450–1850) 3.3 Birth of a sport (1850–1945) 3.4 Post-war era (1945 and later) 4 Place in culture 5 Notation for recording moves 6 Chess composition Main article: Rules of chess For a simple demonstration of the gameplay, see sample chess game. Setup Pieces at the start of a game.                     Initial position. First row: rook, knight, bishop, queen, king, bishop, knight, and rook. Second row: pawns.Chess is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks and denoted with numbers 1 to 8) and eight columns (called files and denoted with letters a to h) of squares. The colors of the sixty-four squares alternate and are referred to as "light squares" and "dark squares". The chessboard is placed with a light square at the right hand end of the rank nearest to each player, and the pieces are set out as shown in the diagram, with each queen on its own color. The pieces are divided, by convention, into white and black sets. The players are referred to as "White" and "Black", and each begins the game with sixteen pieces of the specified color. These consist of one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights and eight pawns. White moves first. The players alternate moving one piece at a time (with the exception of castling, when two pieces are moved simultaneously). Pieces are moved to either an unoccupied square, or one occupied by an opponent's piece, capturing it and removing it from play. With one exception (en passant), all pieces capture opponent's pieces by moving to the square that the opponent's piece occupies. When a king is under immediate attack by one or two of the opponent's pieces, it is said to be in check. The only permissible responses to a check are to capture the checking piece, interpose a piece between the checking piece and the king, or move the king to a square where it is not under attack. Castling is not a permissible response to a check. A move that would place the moving player's king in check is illegal. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is in check, and there is no way to remove it from attack. Moves Eac


Abraham Maslow's fundamentally meaningful theory of motivation, popularly shown as a pyramid of motivational factors in a person's life, is known widely as Maslow's what?

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and diagrams of Maslow's       motivational theory - pyramid diagrams of Maslow's theory New Free Leadership eLearning Businessballs has partnered with Accipio — an Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM) and Chartered Management Institute (CMI) centre — to offer FREE audio-visual interactive eLearning modules aligned with internationally recognised qualifications (ILM or CMI). Attain learning points for each leadership and management eModule, and gain a Level 3 Award, Certificate or Diploma once you have registered with the awarding body (via Accipio), secured enough learning points and passed the assignments. Accreditation fees apply. Click here to access the eLeadership Academy. maslow's hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs motivational model Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s               USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding               human motivation, management training, and personal development. Indeed,               Maslow's ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs, concerning the responsibility               of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables               employees to fulfil their own unique potential (self-actualization), are today               more relevant than ever. Abraham Maslow's book Motivation and Personality,               published in 1954 (second edition 1970) introduced the Hierarchy of Needs, and               Maslow extended his ideas in other work, notably his later book Toward A               Psychology Of Being, a significant and relevant commentary, which has been               revised in recent times by Richard Lowry, who is in his own right a leading               academic in the field of motivational psychology. Abraham Maslow was born in New York in 1908 and died in 1970,               although various publications appear in Maslow's name in later years. Maslow's               PhD in psychology in 1934 at the University of Wisconsin formed the basis of               his motivational research, initially studying rhesus monkeys. Maslow later               moved to New York's Brooklyn College. The Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs five-stage model below (structure               and terminology - not the precise pyramid diagram itself) is clearly and               directly attributable to Maslow; later versions of the theory with added               motivational stages are not so clearly attributable to Maslow. These extended               models have instead been inferred by others from Maslow's work. Specifically               Maslow refers to the needs Cognitive, Aesthetic and Transcendence (subsequently               shown as distinct needs levels in some interpretations of his theory) as               additional aspects of motivation, but not as distinct levels in the Hierarchy               of Needs.   Where Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is shown with more than five levels these models have been extended through interpretation of Maslow's work               by other people. These augmented models and diagrams are shown as the adapted               seven and eight-stage Hierarchy of Needs pyramid diagrams and models below. There have been very many interpretations of Maslow's Hierarchy of               Needs in the form of pyramid diagrams. The diagrams on this page are my own               interpretations and are not offered as Maslow's original work. Interestingly in               Maslow's book Motivation and Personality, which first introduced the Hierarchy               of Needs, there is not a pyramid to be seen


The Crimean Peninsula is part of which European country?

Crimean Peninsula? | Economics 411: Monetary and Financial Theory Economics 411: Monetary and Financial Theory Sample Post Crimean Peninsula? Today, I would like to talk a little bit about what is going on in the news with Ukraine and the Crimean Peninsula. I will also discuss some of the implication we might see from economics stand point in relation to Russia. I should also apologize from the beginning for any mistakes and misunderstandings alike, but historical accounts sometimes show discrepancies depending on where and how it is told. So what of Ukraine and its history? Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe and part of its territory includes the Crimean Peninsula (the red part on the image below). The CP was the well known battle ground for Europe in mid-19th Century from 1853 to 1856 for the Crimean War . It was sort of the war between Catholic and the Orthodox, but it was more of rest of the Europe and Ottoman Empire fearing Russian power becoming stronger. The Crimean War resolved nothing much as Europe would go ahead and have the WWI 60 years later anyways. Towards the end of WWI Ukraine enjoyed much independence as a result of Communist Revolution in Russia, but by that I mean there was endless violent faction conflicts from 1917 to 1921. Ukraine became part of USSR in the end. After Stalin took over Russia, Ukraine suffered from starvation due to the agriculture policies. Also, after WWII, Stalin deported all indigenous people of Tartars in Crimean peninsula to Central Asia. Fast forwarding to 1991 and the breaking up of USSR, Ukraine once again became independent (over 90% of Crimean Peninsula people voted to be independent from Russia). However, Ukraine remained pretty close ties with Russia unlike other former USSR members like Estonia which is part of EU today. In 2004, there was an election in Ukraine. Russian-friendly Viktor Yanukovych won against his opposition Viktor Yushchenko. Yushchenko ended up leading a massive protest known as the Orange Revolution in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. As a result, there was a second election and Yushchenko won this time. Despite his victory, Yushchenko was a bad leader overall. There were oppositions from Russian-friendly Ukrainians in the Eastern parts of Ukraine. Also, he couldn’t take the austerity measure to keep down the national debt. His close ties with EU infuriated Russia, which resulted in stopping of gas supply from Russia in 2006. By 2010, there was a next election and this time, Viktor Yanukovych won. However, in 2013, after he claimed that he would denounce ties to EU and become more friendly to Russia, protest broke out again. By Feb 2014, Yanukovych fled, and a temporary government was established until the next election. Russians as a response to this was send troops into Crimean peninsula (estimated at 20,000 against 12,000 Ukrainian troops). The purpose of this according to Russians are to protect ethnic Russians and military bases in Eastern part of Crimean Peninsula. And this is where we stand right now. Why does this matter? Well, for one thing, it is a violation of territorial integrity by international law. After all, Crimean Peninsula is still Ukrainian. Also, the tension between the NATO and Russia has heightened. I should also remind you that with Euro Crisis not too long ago and nationalistic sentiments are prevalent in Europe I see this as another sign of second cold war.  Not only in Europe, but see the territorial disputes in Asia between China and Japan (there are also disputes between Korea , Japan and Russia too). The Micex Index of Russia had fallen 6% since last week. Bond yields keeps creeping up–another signs of higher volatility– and Russian Rubles have gone down as much as 10%. American stocks have gone down as a general effect from this tension too. Some say that Russian stocks are too cheap to ignore right now , but I beg to differ. I see Americans buying Russian assets at a higher risk premium is in some sense against our national interest. All the while we speak against the Russia’s violation of international law


What is the vein running along the centre of a leaf called?

The Parts of a Leaf   The         Parts of a Leaf Most         leaves have two main parts: (1) the blade and (2)         the petiole, or leafstalk. The leaves of some         kinds of plants also have a third part, called         the stipules. The Blade, or lamina,         is the broad, flat part of the leaf.         Photosynthesis occurs in the blade, which has         many green food-making cells. Leaf blades differ         from one another in several ways: (1) the types         of edges, (2) the patterns of the veins, and (3)         the number of blades per leaf. The Types of Edges. Almost all narrow, grasslike leaves and needles         leaves have a blade with a smooth edge, as do         many broadleaf plants, particularly those that         are native to warm climates. The rubber plant, a         common house plant, is a good example of such a         plant. The leaves of many temperate         broadleaf plants have small, jagged points called         teeth along the blade edge. Birch and elm trees         have such leaves. Some plants have hydathodes,         tiny valvelike structures that can release excess         water from the leaf. The teeth of young leaves on         many plants, including cottonwood and pin cherry         trees, bear tiny glads. These glands produce         liquids that protect the young leaf from         plant-eating insects. Some temperate broadleaf plants         -- including sassafras trees and certain mulberry         and oak trees -- have lobed leaves. The edge of         such a leaf looks as if large bites have been         taken out of it. This lobing helps heat escape         from the leaf. The Patterns of the Veins. Veins carry food and water in a leaf. They also         support the blade, much as the metal ribs support         the fabric of an open umbrella. In most broad leaves, the veins         form a netlike pattern, with several large veins         connected by smaller ones. The smallest veins         supply every part of the blade with water. They         also collect the food made by the green cells. There are two main types of         net-vein patterns -- pinnate (featherlike) and palmate (palmlike or         handlike). Pinnately veined leaves have one large         central vein, called the midrib, which         extends from the base of the blade to its tip.         Other large veins branch off on each side of the         midrib. The leaves of beech, birch, and elm trees         have such a vein pattern. A palmately veined leaf         has several main veins of about equal size, all         of which extend from a common point at the base         of the blade. The vein patterns of maple, sweet         gum, and sycamore leaves are palmate. Narrow leaves and needle leaves         are not net-veined. Narrow leaves have a         parallel-vein pattern. Several large veins run         alongside one another from the base of the blade         to the tip. Small crossveins connect the large         veins. Needle leaves are so small that they have         only one or two veins running through the center         of the blade. The Number of Blades per Leaf. A leaf with only one blade is called a simple         leaf. Apple and oak trees, grasses, and many         other plants have simple leaves. A leaf with more         than one blade is known as a compound leaf.         The blades of a compound leaf are called leaflets. The leaflets in a compound leaf         may be arranged in a pinnate or palmate pattern.         In pinnately compound leaves, the leaflets grow         in two rows, one on each side of a


The disease beriberi is caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?

Beriberi - Symptoms, Causes, Treatments Beriberi Treatments What is beriberi? Beriberi is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the body. Although beriberi can occur in anyone who is poorly nourished, it is very rare in the United States due to the addition of vitamins to many of the foods we eat. The most common cause of beriberi in the United States is alcoholism. Heavy alcohol use can inhibit the body’s ability to absorb thiamine, leading to a deficiency. Rarely, beriberi can be inherited. Inherited beriberi creates a dysfunction in a person’s ability to take up and use thiamine. Beriberi can also sometimes be found in nursing infants whose mothers’ diets are inadequate in thiamine and in formula-fed infants whose formula is inadequate in thiamine. Looking for a Doctor? Search Now Find a Top Neurologist Near You Beriberi generally affects the cardiovascular system (known as wet beriberi) or the nervous system (known as dry beriberi). Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a brain disorder caused by thiamine deficiency that results in a number of neurologic symptoms and can lead to psychosis, confusion and hallucinations. How HIV Can Affect Your Brain HIV can cause changes in the brain that increase the risk of behavior changes. While many of the symptoms of beriberi are reversible if treated promptly, delayed treatment may result in permanent complications and may become life threatening. Beriberi, as are other vitamin deficiencies, is a serious condition that should be treated promptly. Delayed treatment of beriberi may result in permanent complications or death. If you exhibit symptoms of beriberi, or feel that your diet may be providing inadequate amounts of thiamine, seek prompt medical care.


Hertz Definition Home : Technical Terms : Hertz Definition Hertz Hertz (abbreviated: Hz) is the standard unit of measurement used for measuring frequency . Since frequency is measured in cycles per second, one hertz equals one cycle per second. Hertz is used commonly used to measure wave frequencies, such as sound waves, light waves, and radio waves. For example, the average human ear can detect sound waves between 20 and 20,000 Hz. Sound waves close to 20 Hz have a low pitch and are called "bass" frequencies. Sound waves above 5,000 Hz have a high pitch and are called "treble" frequencies. While hertz can be used to measure wave frequencies, it is also used to measure the speed of computer processors . For example, each CPU is rated at a specific clock speed . This number indicates how many instruction cycles the processor can perform each second. Since modern processors can perform millions or even billions of instructions per second, clock speeds are typically measured in megahertz or gigahertz . Abbeviation: Hz


24 Sussex Drive is the official residence of the Prime Minister of which country?

The House at 24 Sussex Drive is the official residence of the Prime Minister of Canada - YouTube Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on May 16, 2013 The House at 24 Sussex Drive is the official residence of the Prime Minister of Canada Category


Hyperion and Rhea are two moons of which planet in our solar system?

Space Today Online - Moons of the Solar System SPACE TODAY ONLINE ~~ COVERING SPACE FROM EARTH TO THE EDGE OF THE UNIVERSE Moons of the Solar System Massive planet Jupiter below the moon Io click NASA image to enlarge A moon is a natural satellite rotating around a planet. While moons vary in size, each moon is much smaller than its planet. Almost 140 moons are known in the Solar System. Several moons are larger than the planet Pluto and two moons are larger than the planet Mercury. There also are many small moons that may be asteroids captured by their planets. Only Mercury and Venus do not have any moons. By comparison, Earth has one moon and Mars has two. Jupiter has the most of any planet. Saturn is second. Pictures taken by the Hubble Space Telescope suggest there may be even more moons around those outer planets. earth's moon » Largest. The largest moon is Ganymede with a diameter of 3,280 miles, even larger than either of the planets Mercury and Pluto. Saturn's moon Titan is the second largest in the Solar System with a diameter of 3,200 miles, half again as large as Earth's Moon. The Planets and Their Moons PLANET Jupiter 62 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Amalthea, Himalia, Elara, Pasiphae, Sinope, Lysithea, Carme, Ananke, Leda, Metis, Adrastea, Thebe, Callirrhoe, Themisto, Kalyke, Iocaste, Erinome, Harpalyke, Isonoe, Praxidike, Megaclite, Taygete, Chaldene, Autonoe, Thyone, Hermippe, Eurydome, Sponde, Pasithee, Euanthe, Kale, Orthosie, Euporie, Aitne, plus others yet to receive names Saturn 33 Titan, Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Tethys, Enceladus, Mimas, Hyperion, Prometheus, Pandora, Phoebe, Janus, Epimetheus, Helene, Telesto, Calypso, Atlas, Pan, Ymir, Paaliaq, Siarnaq, Tarvos, Kiviuq, Ijiraq, Thrym, Skadi, Mundilfari, Erriapo, Albiorix, Suttung, plus others yet to receive names Uranus 27 Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Belinda, Puck, Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, Caliban, Sycorax, Prospero, Setebos, Stephano, Trinculo, plus others yet to receive names Neptune Triton, Nereid, Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus, plus others yet to receive names Pluto 139   Saturn. When the Cassini spacecraft from Earth arrived at Saturn in 2004, it promptly found two previously unseen moons. They turned out to be the smallest bodies seen until then around the ringed planet. The tiny natural satellites are about 2 miles and 2.5 miles in diameter. That's smaller than the city of Boulder, Colorado. Previously, the smallest moons seen around Saturn were are about 12 miles across. The moons are 120,000 miles and 131,000 miles from the center of planet Saturn between the moons Mimas and Enceladus. The newly discovered bodies were labeled S/2004 S1 and S/2004 S2. Later, they will be given names. The NASA JPL team wondered if S/2004 S1 might not be an object called S/1981 S14 that had turned up in a 1981 Voyager image. Saturn moons » Smallest. The smallest moon is Deimos, at Mars, only seven miles in diameter, although its size now is rivaled by the small shepherd moons discovered by Cassini at Saturn and by others yet to be counted and named in the rings around Jupiter, Saturn and other giant gas planets in the outer Solar System. There may be tiny moons as small as only around a mile across. Pluto. Charon is the moon closest in size to its planet, Pluto. Earth's Moon is second in that comparison. Neptune. The interplanetary probe Voyager 2 in 1989 found six previously-unknown moons orbiting Neptune. They ranged in diameter from 33 miles to 250 miles. In 1991, they were named Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus. The names Galatea and Larissa were controversial since asteroids previously had been given those names. Names are assigned by the nomenclature committee of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Triton. Before Voyager 2, astronomers knew Neptune had two moons, Triton and Nereid. With a surface temperature of –391 degrees, Triton was found by Voyager 2 to have a thin veneer of methane and nitrogen on top of water ice on its surface. Triton had


"""This is a sharp medicine, but it is a physician for all diseases and miseries..."" is attributed to which historical figure as he was about to be executed, in 1618?"

Walter Raleigh | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Sir Walter Raleigh ( / ˈ r ɔː l i / , / ˈ r æ l i / , or / ˈ r ɑː l i / ; [2] c. 1554 – 29 October 1618) was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy, and explorer. He is also well known for popularizing tobacco in England. Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne. Little is known of his early life, though he spent some time in Ireland, in Killua Castle , Clonmellon , County Westmeath , taking part in the suppression of rebellions and participating in the Siege of Smerwick . Later he became a landlord of property confiscated from the native Irish. He rose rapidly in the favour of Queen Elizabeth I, and was knighted in 1585. Instrumental in the English colonisation of North America, Raleigh was granted a royal patent to explore Virginia, which paved the way for future English settlements. In 1591 he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton , one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting , without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London . After his release, they retired to his estate at Sherborne, Dorset. In 1594 Raleigh heard of a "City of Gold" in South America and sailed to find it, publishing an exaggerated account of his experiences in a book that contributed to the legend of " El Dorado ". After Queen Elizabeth died in 1603 Raleigh was again imprisoned in the Tower, this time for being involved in the Main Plot against King James I , who was not favourably disposed toward him. In 1616 he was released to lead a second expedition in search of El Dorado. This was unsuccessful and men under his command ransacked a Spanish outpost. He returned to England and, to appease the Spanish, was arrested and executed in 1618. Raleigh was one of the most notable figures of the Elizabethan era . In 2002 he featured in the BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons . [3] Contents John Everett Millais , The Boyhood of Raleigh (1871) Little is known about Raleigh's birth. Some historians believe he was born on 22 January 1552, although the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography currently favours a date of 1554. [4] He grew up in the house of Hayes Barton, [5] a farmhouse in the village of East Budleigh , not far from Budleigh Salterton , in Devon, England . He was the youngest of five sons born to Catherine Champernowne in two successive marriages. His half brothers, John Gilbert, Humphrey Gilbert , Adrian Gilbert, and full brother Carew Raleigh were also prominent during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. Catherine Champernowne was a niece of Kat Ashley , Elizabeth's governess, who introduced the young men at court. [6] Raleigh's family was highly Protestant in religious orientation and had a number of near-escapes during the reign of the Roman Catholic Queen Mary I of England . In the most notable of these, his father had to hide in a tower to avoid execution. As a result, during his childhood, Raleigh developed a hatred of Roman Catholicism and proved himself quick to express it after Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558. In matters of religion Elizabeth was more moderate than her sister Mary. In 1568 or 1572, Raleigh was registered as an undergraduate at Oriel College, Oxford but does not seem to have taken up residence. In 1575, he was registered at the Middle Temple . At his trial in 1603, he stated that he had never studied law. His life between these two dates is uncertain but in his History of the World he claimed to be an eye-witness at the Battle of Moncontour (3 October 1569) in France. [7] In 1575 or 1576 Raleigh returned to England. [8] Ireland Edit This article does not contain any citations or references. Please improve this article by adding a reference. For information about how to add references, see Template:Citation . Between 1579 and 1583, Raleigh took part in the suppression of the Desmond Rebellions . He was present at the siege of Smerwick . Upon the seizure and distribution of land following the attainders arising from the rebel


Which English poet is associated with Dove Cottage in Grasmere?

Dove Cottage & William Wordsworth Trust - Lake District - Wordsworth Trust Read more The Jerwood Centre The Jerwood Centre is where our collection is stored under controlled conditions and cared for. If you would like to be shown around please phone before you arrive to check that someone is available. Read more Wordsworth's skates Wordsworth enjoyed skating on the frozen lakes of the county in the depths of winter. Two very different pairs of his skates survive and can be seen during your visit. Read more Wordsworth's tea caddy Tea was so precious that it was kept in a locked box like this one and Dorothy Wordsworth wrote that it was used at least twice. See if you can find it on your visit.


What does the well known Latin phrase 'cogito, ergo sum', commonly attributed to René Descartes, translate as in English?

René Descartes - Wikiquote René Descartes René Descartes It is not enough to have a good mind. The main thing is to use it well. René Descartes ( March 31 , 1596 – February 11 , 1650 ) was a highly influential French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and writer. He is known for his influential arguments for substance dualism , where mind and body are considered to have distinct essences, one being characterized by thought, the other by spatial extension. He has been dubbed the "Father of Modern Philosophy" and the "Father of Modern Mathematics." He is also known as Cartesius. See also Quotations[ edit ] No doubt you know that Galileo had been convicted not long ago by the Inquisition, and that his opinion on the movement of the Earth had been condemned as heresy. Now I will tell you that all things I explain in my treatise , among which is also that same opinion about the movement of the Earth, all depend on one another, and are based upon certain evident truths. Nevertheless, I will not for the world stand up against the authority of the Church. ...I have the desire to live in peace and to continue on the road on which I have started. Letter to Marin Mersenne (end of Feb., 1634) as quoted by Amir Aczel , Pendulum: Leon Foucault and the Triumph of Science (2003) What I have given in the second book on the nature and properties of curved lines, and the method of examining them, is, it seems to me, as far beyond the treatment in the ordinary geometry, as the rhetoric of Cicero is beyond the a, b, c of children. Letter to Marin Mersenne (1637) as quoted by D. E. Smith & M. L. Latham Tr. The Geometry of René Descartes (1925) M. Desargues puts me under obligations on account of the pains that it has pleased him to have in me, in that he shows that he is sorry that I do not wish to study more in geometry, but I have resolved to quit only abstract geometry, that is to say, the consideration of questions which serve only to exercise the mind, and this, in order to study another kind of geometry, which has for its object the explanation of the phenomena of nature... You know that all my physics is nothing else than geometry. Letter to Marin Mersenne (July 27, 1638) as quoted by Florian Cajori , A History of Mathematics (1893) letter dated in The Philosophical Writings of Descartes Vol. 3, The Correspondence (1991) ed. John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch Mr. Clerselier has written me that you are expecting from him my Meditations ... in order to present them to the queen of the land . ...If I had only been as wise as they say the savages persuaded themselves that the monkeys were, I never would have become known as a maker of books: Since it is said that they imagined that the monkeys could indeed speak, if they wanted to, but that they chose not to so lest they be forced to work. And since I had not the same prudence to abstain from writing, I now have neither as much liesure nor as much peace as I would have had if I had kept quiet. But since the mistake has already been made, and since I am now known by an infinity of people at the academy, who look askance at my writings and scour them for means of harming me, I do have great hope of being known to persons of great merit, whose power and virtue could protect me. Letter to Pierre Chanut (Nov. 1, 1646) as quoted by Amir Aczel , Descartes' Secret Notebook (2005) citing René Descartes: Correspondance avec Elizabeth et autres lettres (1989) ed., Jean-Marie and M. Beysaade, pp. 245-246. Me tenant comme je suis, un pied dans un pays et l’autre en un autre, je trouve ma condition très heureuse, en ce qu’elle est libre. Staying as I am, one foot in one country and the other in another, I find my condition very happy, in that it is free. Letter to Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine (Paris, June/July 1648) So blind is the curiosity by which mortals are possessed, that they often conduct their minds along unexplored routes, having no reason to hope for success, but merely being willing to risk the experiment of finding whether the truth they seek lies there. Rules f


In which country was astronomer and scientist Nicolaus Copernicus born?

Copernicus born - Feb 19, 1473 - HISTORY.com Copernicus born Publisher A+E Networks On February 19, 1473, Nicolaus Copernicus is born in Torun, a city in north-central Poland on the Vistula River. The father of modern astronomy, he was the first modern European scientist to propose that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun. Copernicus was born into a family of well-to-do merchants, and after his father’s death, his uncle–soon to be a bishop–took the boy under his wing. He was given the best education of the day and bred for a career in canon (church) law. At the University of Krakow, he studied liberal arts, including astronomy and astrology, and then, like many Poles of his social class, was sent to Italy to study medicine and law. While studying at the University of Bologna, he lived for a time in the home of Domenico Maria de Novara, the principal astronomer at the university. Astronomy and astrology were at the time closely related and equally regarded, and Novara had the responsibility of issuing astrological prognostications for Bologna. Copernicus sometimes assisted him in his observations, and Novara exposed him to criticism of both astrology and aspects of the Ptolemaic system, which placed Earth at the center of the universe. Copernicus later studied at the University of Padua and in 1503 received a doctorate in canon law from the University of Ferrara. He returned to Poland, where he became a church administrator and doctor. In his free time, he dedicated himself to scholarly pursuits, which sometimes included astronomical work. By 1514, his reputation as an astronomer was such that he was consulted by church leaders attempting to reform the Julian calendar. The cosmology of early 16th-century Europe held that Earth sat stationary and motionless at the center of several rotating, concentric spheres that bore the celestial bodies: the sun, the moon, the known planets, and the stars. From ancient times, philosophers adhered to the belief that the heavens were arranged in circles (which by definition are perfectly round), causing confusion among astronomers who recorded the often eccentric motion of the planets, which sometimes appeared to halt in their orbit of Earth and move retrograde across the sky. In the second century A.D., the Alexandrian geographer and astronomer Ptolemy sought to resolve this problem by arguing that the sun, planets, and moon move in small circles around much larger circles that revolve around Earth. These small circles he called epicycles, and by incorporating numerous epicycles rotating at varying speeds he made his celestial system correspond with most astronomical observations on record. The Ptolemaic system remained Europe’s accepted cosmology for more than 1,000 years, but by Copernicus’ day accumulated astronomical evidence had thrown some of his theories into confusion. Astronomers disagreed on the order of the planets from Earth, and it was this problem that Copernicus addressed at the beginning of the 16th century. Sometime between 1508 and 1514, he wrote a short astronomical treatise commonly called the Commentariolus, or “Little Commentary,” which laid the basis for his heliocentric (sun-centered) system. The work was not published in his lifetime. In the treatise, he correctly postulated the order of the known planets, including Earth, from the sun, and estimated their orbital periods relatively accurately. For Copernicus, his heliocentric theory was by no means a watershed, for it created as many problems as it solved. For instance, heavy objects were always assumed to fall to the ground because Earth was the center of the universe. Why would they do so in a sun-centered system? He retained the ancient belief that circles governed the heavens, but his evidence showed that even in a sun-centered universe the planets and stars did not revolve around the sun in circular orbits. Because of these problems and others, Copernicus delayed publication of his major astronomical work, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium libri vi, or “Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of


Which country is referred to as 'The Land of the Long White Cloud'?

New Zealand - Aotearoa - The land of the long white cloud | Ruapehu, New Zealand New Zealand - Aotearoa - The land of the long white cloud New Zealand - Aotearoa - The land of the long white cloud By Roan Havenga New Zealand, one of the most isolated countries, is also one of the great tourist destinations of the world. Add to Wishlist Tweet 0 Roan Havenga New Zealand Features some the most dramatic landscapes in the world wonderful moantain scenes and st By Johann BEUKES New Zealand, one of the most isolated countries, is also one of the great tourist destinations of the world. Within its small compass it has an amazing range of scenery, a complete portfolio of every sport that you can think of, a  number of sophisticated cities, superb skiing and surfing and some excellent wines. Many potential visitors have a distorted impression about where and what New Zealand is. Therefore, for the record, New Zealand lies in the southwest Pacific and has two large islands (North Island and the South Island), plus one smaller island, and numerous much smaller islands. Some think that New Zealand is an island just offshore of Australia. That is not the case. New Zealand is the same distance from Australia as London is from Moscow. And New Zealand is as close to the equator as Buenos Aires in South America. New Zealand is a long narrow country, oriented very roughly north to south and with mountain ranges running for most of its length. It is a bit bigger than Great Britain, slightly smaller than Italy and the same size as Colorado. It offers the tourist as complete a range of scenic delights as you will find anywhere in the world. North Island The distance between the very north of the North Island and the southern tip of the South Island is 1 600 km. Within this range there is a tremendous geographical and geological variety. In the subtropical North there are areas of thermal activity that create bubbling pools and mist-enshrouded forests and lakes. The North Island’s main mountains are all dormant volcanoes: Ruapehu, Ngauruhoe and Tongariro in the centre, and Taranaki to the west. We entered New Zealand via Auckland - modern, cosmopolitan, moving at a city beat, where the inhabitants are utterly obsessed with sailing. At the weekend it is a nautical traffic jam. This is a city of great restaurants, great parks, a swinging night life, within easy driving distance of much of the North Island. Some of the suburbs of Auckland have distinct and very charming characteristics. Devonport, across the bridge in North Auckland, has a magic charm of its own. It is easy to explore at a gentle walk, and there are restaurants galore, all of which seem to have a wonderful view of the city of Auckland. There is nothing more pleasant than driving out to Henderson or nearby Kumeu, visiting a vineyard and perhaps eating in a restaurant on the wine farm. Harbour Bridge with Auckland in the background New Zealand not only takes care of its national natural heritage on land, but has the same attitude to the sea around its coastline. A drive north of Auckland will bring you to Russell and Cape Reinga, better known as Northland. If you travel the Ninety Mile Beach to Cape Reinga, you will drive on the beach either going or coming back, depending on the state of the tide. It is one of the great journeys: the never-ending beach running ahead and the sea pounding in towards you, with a desert of sand dunes on the other side. Russell, in the Bay of the Islands, is a short car-ferry ride from Paihia, and is one of the most interesting and elegant towns in the country. It is difficult to believe that Russell was once called the hell-hole of the Pacific, a place where the swearing sailors and whalers came ashore to get very drunk. Today it is a favourite weekend breakaway destination for many Aucklanders. Only 90 minutes’ drive from Auckland lies the Coromandel Peninsula. In a sense it is a relief valve for Auckland, for it is clean, green and undeveloped. It is also a haven for people who live by art and craft. The interior of the peninsula consists of a ridge


Astigmatism affects which part of the human body?

Astigmatism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments - Medical News Today Astigmatism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments Written by Christian NordqvistReviewed by University of Illinois-Chicago, School of Medicine 4 23 In astigmatism, the front surface of the eye (cornea) is not curved in the normal way. The primary symptom of astigmatism is blurred vision. Because of the abnormal curve of the cornea, when light rays enter the eye, they do not focus correctly on the retina, resulting in a blurred image. Astigmatism may also be caused by an irregularly shaped lens, which is located behind the cornea. Astigmatism can occur in children and adults; it is fairly common and not contagious. It is usually congenital - present at birth - but can develop after an eye operation or an injury to the eye. This condition belongs to a group of eye conditions called refractive errors; these include myopia (short-sightedness), hyperopia (long-sightedness), and presbyopia (aging of the lens in the eye). These conditions are common, around half of all adults in the United States aged 20 and older have refractive errors in their eyes. Contents of this article: Fast facts on astigmatism Here are some key points about astigmatism. More detail and supporting information is in the main article. Astigmatism is a type of refractive error Astigmatism is a common condition in the population It is caused by an abnormal curve of the cornea or lens Laser surgery can often correct astigmatism Causes of astigmatism Astigmatism is very common. Regular eye tests are important for diagnosis. Astigmatism can be due to an abnormal curvature of the cornea (corneal) or the lens (lenticular): Corneal astigmatism The cornea is a clear (transparent) layer of tissue that covers the front of the eye. As well as transmitting and focusing light into the eye, it protects the eye from infection and damage. The cornea needs to have a perfect curve in order to bend (refract) light properly as it enters the eye. If the cornea does not curve perfectly, the light that hits it will not refract properly and the retina at the back of the eye will receive an imperfect image. The person will have blurred vision from that eye - astigmatism. People with astigmatism commonly have an oblong-shaped (oval-shaped) cornea rather than a perfect sphere. A ping-pong ball is a perfect sphere, while an American football or a rugby ball has an oblong shape. If the cornea's curve is like an oblong, the light rays will focus on two points in the retina, rather than just one. Experts are not sure why some people are born with a cornea that does not curve properly. Twin studies indicate that there may be a genetic component to astigmatism. A higher percentage of babies born prematurely have astigmatism, compared with babies that are born closer to their due date. Certain types of surgery or eye injuries that cause scarring of the cornea may cause astigmatism. Keratoconus is a degenerative disorder of the eye where the cornea gradually thins and changes to a more conical shape; this can also cause astigmatism. Lenticular astigmatism This is similar to corneal astigmatism but exists in the lens rather than the cornea. Instead of a perfect curve, the lens has variations that cause images to reach the back of the eye (retina) imperfectly. Most patients with lenticular astigmatism have a normally shaped cornea. Symptoms of astigmatism The following are common symptoms of astigmatism : Blurred or distorted vision at all distances Headaches Excessive squinting Eye strain - occurs more often when the eye has to focus for long periods, as in reading from paper or a computer monitor Diagnosis of astigmatism A visual acuity test is commonplace when having an eye exam. An eye specialist may use the following tools to examine the eyes: Visual acuity test - this involves reading letters on a chart. The letters become progressively smaller on each line. Astigmatic dial - a chart showing a series of lines which make up a semi-circle. People with perfect vision will see the lines clearly, while those with astigmatism will


The Capuchin Catacombs are on which Mediterranean island?

The Mysteries Archives The Capuchin Cemetery and Catacombs of Palermo by Nancy Kilpatrick and Hugues Leblanc Palermo is an ancient city located at the north-west corner of Sicily, an enormous island south of Italy's mainland off the tip of the 'boot'. Populated with the descendants of Mediterranean stock, largely farmers, recent excavations indicate human activity on the island go as far back as the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods. Palermo itself was founded by Phoenicians then passed to the Carthaginians, and by 354 BC was a Roman free town. Cut off from the mainland, the island has over time developed a unique style, and modern residents hang onto their traditions. Nowhere is this more evident than at the Capuchin Cemetery and Catacombs. The cemetery and catacombs are part of a large complex which also houses the Capuchin Monastery, built in 1533. In 1623, the church that is part of the complex was remodeled, and restored again in the early 1900s. It contains works by sculptor Ignazio Marabiti, and is famous for its manuscript collection. Today, housing and heavy traffic surround a complex that was once on the outskirts of town. An open-air food market faces the parking lot. The Capuchin Cemetery came about because of a new and populous order of monks. The Capuchins separated from the Franciscans in 1525 in an effort to return to a more fundamental interpretation of St. Francis' edict to help the poor and the helpless. The bearded Capuchins wear sandals with no socks, and a brown rope-belted robe with a hood. It is the hood, the capuce, from which the name of the order derives. Capuccino coffee is named after the color of the monks' robes. As deaths in this new order occurred, the need arose for a spacious cemetery, appropriate to their needs. High concrete walls enclose the cemetery proper, with niches sculpted here and there along the inner wall. Immediately inside the entrance stands a large tree, the branches pruned to form the shape of a cross. Strolling the wide tree-lined pathways in Palermo's hot, dry climate, the brilliant southern sun accentuates the pastels of the graves, crypts and monuments. This is a well-cared-for final resting place, neat and clean, with ornate iron fencing, graves awash with flowers, monuments and statuary, potted plants everywhere, and altars within crypts decorated with memento mori. One unusual element is the prevalence of upright marble plaques positioned atop graves onto which prayers or poems have been etched. Restoration is an ongoing process in this land where the departed are still members of the family. The overall design of the grounds is square. The tallest crypts run along the periphery, with the more heavily decorated mausoleums of cremation remains (ossarios) located farthest from the monastery, in the modern section. A fair number of visitors arrive throughout the day, and a monk keeps watch from the roof of the monastery. The style of the cemetery is a cross between the simple peasant graves of Mexico, and the ornate and elaborate artistic crypts of Paris. But Italy has its own style. Italians are family oriented, and most graves are decorated with small oval black and white, or pastel-tinted pictures of the deceased, some as old as the late 1800s. Catholicism is another major influence, and the interior walls of more than one crypt come alive with religious paintings. Perhaps the most famous of the interred is Giuseppe Tommasi, Prince of Lampedusa, buried in 1957. He authored one of Sicily's important and well-known works of literature, The Leopard. The outside cemetery cannot be separated from the underground crypt, the entrance to which is part of the continuing cemetery wall that leads to the church. The crypt is large, with 20 foot high vaulted ceilings, and houses an unusual post-mortem display. Through a bizarre twist of fate, when Capuchin Brother Silvestro from Gubbio died in 1599 his body was, for some unknown reason, placed in a well. Within the year his remains had mummified, the result of the tufaceous soil in the region. Soon, other monks wanted to be


Which English king, who lived from about 988-993 to 1016, was nicknamed Ironside?

Edmund (988 - 1016) - Genealogy Genealogy Join the world's largest family tree Gender Edmund II 'Ironside', King of England public profile Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos Lithuanian: Edmundas Narsusis, Anglijos Karalius Also Known As: "Edmund II (died 30 November 1016)", "usually known as Edmund Ironside", "Edmund II 'Ironside'", "King of England" Birthdate: in London, Middlesex (now Greater London), England Place of Burial: King of England from 23 April to 30 November 1016, King of England Managed by: Between Jan 6 989 and Jan 5 990 Death: Ethelred II " the Unready" England, Alfgifu Aelflaed Queen Of England Wife: Between Jan 6 988 and Jan 5 989 Death: Between Jan 6 989 and Jan 5 990 - Of England Death: Alfgifu ( Aelflaed) Queen Of England Wife: Ealgyth King Of England (born Queen Of England) Son: Edward " The Atheling" Prince Of England Siblings: Between Jan 6 988 and Jan 5 989 Death: Between Jan 6 989 and Jan 5 990 - Wessex, England Death: Dec 6 1016 - Murdered at Oxford, England Parents: AETHELRED II 'THE UNREADY' King of England, Elfleda Alfgifu England of Thorad (born Gunnarsson) Wife: EDWARD ATHELING 'The Outlaw ' of England Siblings: ...hilda (born Ætheling), Ecgfrida deDurham, Edward, Ecbert Prince Of England, Aethelstan of Wessex Prince, Edgar, and names of 2 more sibl ... Between Jan 6 989 and Jan 5 990 Death: Between Jan 7 1016 and Jan 6 1017 Parents: Ethelred II King of England, Elfreda England Son: Edward The Exile Prince of England Brother: Between Jan 6 988 and Jan 5 991 - Wessex, England Death: Between Jan 6 988 and Jan 5 989 - Wessex. England Death: Dec 6 1016 - London, England Parents: Alfgifu Aelflaed Queen of England, Ethelred II " The Unready" King of England Wife: Nov 30 1016 - Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom Parents: Æthelred II, Aelfgifu of York Wife: Edward Ætheling Siblings: ...fred Aetheling, Ingelric of Saxony, Godifu D'Angleterre Countess de Vexin Princess of England, Edward, Princess Aelfgifu / Elfgifu / Elgi... Between Jan 6 989 and Jan 5 990 - of,Normandy,Eng,FRA Death: Dec 6 1016 - Les Juifs,Chartres,FRA Parents: Aethelred II " the Unready" COUNT OF King of England Seigneur, Alfflaid ( Elgiva) Princess King of England Princess (born de Briquebec) Spouses: ...id ( Elgiva) Princess King of England Princess (born de Briquebec), Ealgyth ( Edith) Duceline de Crepon Countess, Margaret) ( Lucy) de Toeni Children: Edward ( the Atheling) The Exile Prince- England Earl- Warwick, Herbrard Count du Ponteaudemer Count Siblings: ...rchbishop de Vermandois Archbp.- Rheims, Ealgyth ( Edith) Duceline de Crepon Countess, Eadmund Ironside King England, Godgifu Princess Pr... Between Jan 6 989 and Jan 5 990 Death: Alfflaed, d. of of (born Thored), Aethelred_ II, _the Redeless, King of Wife: Between Jan 6 989 and Jan 5 990 - France Death: Between Jan 7 1016 and Jan 6 1017 - France Parents: Aetheired Of england, Aelgifu Of england (born Of Northumberland) Siblings: sister About Edmund II 'Ironside', King of England Edmund II "Ironside" Son of Æthelred Unræd and Ælfleth Married: Ealdgyth (NOT daughter of Morcar, she was Sigeferth's widow - Sigeferth being Morcar's brother) Sons: 1. Edward 2. Edmund EADMUND, son of ÆTHELRED II King of England & his first wife Ælflæd ([990]-30 Nov 1016, bur Glastonbury Abbey, Somerset[1871]). Florence of Worcester´s genealogies name "Ælfgiva, comitis Ægelberhti filia" as mother of King Æthelred´s three sons "Eadmundum, Eadwium et Æthelstanum" and his daughter "Eadgitham"[1872]. Roger of Wendover records the birth in 981 of "rex Ethelredus…filium…Eadmundum"[1873], but this date is probably inaccurate if it is correct (as shown above) that Eadmund was his father´s third son, given King Æthelred´s birth in [966]. "Eadmundus filius regis/clito/ætheling" subscribed charters of King Æthelred II dated between 993 and 1015, the last dated 1015 being signed "Eadmund regie indolis soboles"[1874]. His name was listed after his brother Ecgberht, before the latter's disappearance from


Glyptogography, or glyptics, is the art of carving or engraving on what?

carving - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com carving Definitions of carving 1 n a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape Types: glyptic art consisting of a sunken or depressed engraving or carving on a stone or gem (as opposed to cameo) Type of: a three-dimensional work of plastic art n removing parts from hard material to create a desired pattern or shape Synonyms: the replacement of an edge or solid angle (as in cutting a gemstone) by a plane (especially by a plane that is equally inclined to the adjacent faces) Type of:


Which artist painted the 'Man in a Red Turban'?

Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban, Jan Van Eyck: Analysis, Interpretation How to Appreciate Paintings . Analysis     of Portrait of a Man by Jan van Eyck This famous Flemish     painting , known officially as Portrait of a Man, but commonly     referred to as Man in a Red Turban, or Portrait of a Man in     a Red Turban, is one of several famous panel     paintings by the Flemish painter Jan Van Eyck (1390-1441), one of     the foremost pioneers of the early Netherlandish     Renaissance . Supposedly a self-portrait ,     it is believed to have been purchased by Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel,     during his period of exile in Antwerp around 1644, before being acquired     by the National Gallery in London, in 1851. Along with Van Eyck's other     masterpieces - such as The Ghent Altarpiece (1432, Cathedral of St Bavo, Ghent), The Arnolfini     Portrait (1434, National Gallery, London), and The Madonna/Virgin     of Chancellor Rolin (1435, Louvre, Paris) - Portrait of a Man in     Red Turban is one of the most famous examples of Northern     Renaissance art of the 15th century.   Self-Portrait Jan Van Eyck's Man in Red Turban was first described as a self-portrait in 1655, although this view was     not unanimous and the identification remains tentative. The inscription     at the top of the frame has been cited as strong evidence in favour. It     reads "Als Ich Can" (as I/Eyck can) - which is a pun on the     painter's name. Van Eyck apparently depicted himself in two other works;     he seems to be reflected in the mirror in the Arnolfini Marriage (1434, National Gallery, London) and in the shield of St George in The     Madonna Of Cannon Van Der Paele (1436, Musee Communal Des Beaux-Arts,     Bruges). Whether it is a self-portrait or not, the     man - whoever he is - is not actually wearing a turban, but a chaperon     - with its ends tied across the top. Similar headgear can be seen in the     background of Van Eyck's Madonna of Chancellor Rolin - another     alleged self-portrait. Oil Painting Technique Van Eyck's technical contribution to the     art of oil painting - notably his meticulous     use of thin layers of transparent colour     pigments for maximum luminosity - made possible the precise optical     effects and mirror-like polish that make this portrait so lifelike. Note,     for example, the effects of the two-toned stubble or the capillaries on     the white surface of the left eye. His use and application of colour has been commented on by numerous artists and critics: here, for instance,     the white colour of the eye is mixed with tiny amounts of red and blue.     A very thin layer of red is dragged over this underlayer, but in such     a way as to leave the underlayer exposed in several places. The iris of     the eye is painted ultramarine - with additions of white and black towards     the pupil, which is painted in black over the blue of the iris. The main     highlights are four touches of lead white - one on the iris and three     on the white. The variation of focus between the two     eyes suggests that Van Eyck, may have used a mirror to create this image:     his right eye is slightly blurred around the edges, appearing to be only     passivly engaged in sight, while the outline of the left eye is clearly     delineated and focused on a specific object. This effect probably resulted     from the artist observing himself in the mirror; when viewing oneself     from an angle both eyes cannot be seen simultaneously. Through his control of the medium, Van     Eyck becomes ineffably present in the image, if not through his physical     likeness, then through the way in which he alone has the skill to render     invisible the mark of each brushstroke. As in all his paintings, Van Eyck designs     his composition with great care. Here, for instance, he r


'The Landlord's Game', patented in the US by Elizabeth Magie in 1904, was a form of which now popular board game?

Retrobituaries: Elizabeth "Lizzie" Magie, Inventor of Monopoly | Mental Floss Retrobituaries: Elizabeth "Lizzie" Magie, Inventor of Monopoly PieceOfMind.Wordpress.com Like us on Facebook Welcome to the first installment of Retrobituaries! DB Grady's new column will look back at the lives of interesting (but not crazy famous) people who died long ago. In 1904, Elizabeth "Lizzie" Magie designed a board game to demonstrate the tragic effects of land-grabbing. In this game, oligarchs enrich themselves at the expense of tenants, the latter of whom only grow poorer as available land decreases and the cost of rent increases. Anyone interested in traveling a non-trivial distance has to pony up for a railroad ticket. Anyone desiring light and water had better open their wallet. And crossing the wrong landowner sends a player directly to jail. The poorer the proletarian player gets, the more he or she is squeezed; there is nowhere to go that doesn’t demand a fee of some kind, and there is no respite. The game ends only when everyone is driven penniless into the ground, but for a single aristocrat who now owns everything. Lizzie Magie named her grim reflection of life The Landlords’ Game, but you probably know it better as Monopoly. Google Patents Magie was a disciple of Henry George, a 19th century economist who proposed that land was “common property,” and that as a way of mitigating the self-evident absurdity of owning nature, a single tax would be applied to landowners. The tax would supersede the taxation of “productive labor, ” and such regressive taxes as those on sales would be eliminated. Magie believed The Landlords’ Game would show the world as it is, and might hopefully inspire reforms. “Let the children once see clearly the gross injustice of our present land system and when they grow up, if they are allowed to develop naturally, the evil will soon be remedied,” she said two years before she patented her idea. Thirty-one years later, a man named Charles Darrow sold a game called Monopoly to George and Fred Parker. As later printed in the game’s instructions: “In 1934, Charles B. Darrow of Germantown, Pennsylvania, presented a game called MONOPOLY to the executives of Parker Brothers. Mr. Darrow, like many other Americans, was unemployed at the time and often played this game to amuse himself and pass the time. It was the game’s exciting promise of fame and fortune that initially prompted Darrow to produce this game on his own.” This finely-threaded needle of a history neglects to mention that Darrow stole the idea entirely from Lizzie Magie. Google Patents After Monopoly became a hit, the brothers Parker moved quickly to seize all rights to the game. They tracked down the elderly Lizzie Magie Phillips and offered her one bright orange $500 bill and no royalties. When Parker Brothers offered to produce an unsullied version of The Landlords’ Game, she gladly sold the rights. She was keen to promote Henry George’s economic philosophy and perhaps make a difference in the world. After manufacturing a few copies of the original, the board game giant quickly and thoroughly buried it, all the while slipping the name Elizabeth Magie into the memory hole with its fraudulent “history.” It was far sexier to play up fictitious Great Depression origins than to describe how a couple of board game robber barons ripped off an old lady. Elizabeth Magie Phillips died in 1948. Primary image courtesy of PieceOfMind .


Which musical note has the same value as half a semibreve or two crochets?

Music Theory / Time / Sound and silence Total time is calculated by adding the notes and rests. Two quavers equal a crotchet. Four crotchets equal a semibreve. Eight quavers equal a semibreve. This music plays for 16 crotchets. How long is 16 crotchets in seconds? See Tempo later in this book of Time. Picture notes If you are learning to read music for the first time,        it might help to see the notes in pictures. Every note begins with a note-head. The notehead            is oval shaped. A semibreve is an empty notehead Notes shorter than a semibreve have a stem. A stem is           a vertical line jutting up from the right or down from the           left of the notehead A minim is a semibreve            with a stem. A crotchet is a minim with a coloured notehead A quaver is a crotchet with a tail. A semiquaver is a crotchet with two tails. A demisemiquaver is a crotchet with three tails. A hemidemisemiquaver is a crotchet with four tails.   Clap your hands to the beat. Tails are beamed to the        beat. Here are some examples. 2 quavers beamed to           a crotchet beat. 4 semiquavers beamed           to a crotchet beat. 8 demisemiquavers            beamed to a crotchet beat. In a crotchet beat two factors are important. Notes are            beamed in multiples of 4. You can slice the beam (beat)            in half. 16 hemidemisemiquavers            beamed to a crotchet beat.   Here are some more complex patterns. In these patterns the beat is equal to a crotchet, so        you can count up to the value of a crotchet under every beam. Remember,        we beam the beat. Beam (beat) 1. Quaver - Semiquaver - Semiquaver Beam (beat) 2. Semiquaver - Semiquaver - Quaver Beam (beat) 3. Semiquaver - Quaver - Semiquaver Music Theory


Which sportswear company was founded as 'Blue Ribbon Sports' by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight in 1964?

Nike, Inc. | American company | Britannica.com American company Alternative Title: Blue Ribbon Sports Related Topics Apple Inc. Nike, Inc., formerly called (1964–78) Blue Ribbon Sports, American sportswear company headquartered in Beaverton , Oregon . It was founded in 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman , a track-and-field coach at the University of Oregon , and his former student Phil Knight. They opened their first retail outlet in 1966 and launched the Nike brand shoe in 1972. The company was renamed Nike, Inc., in 1978 and went public two years later. By the early 21st century, Nike had retail outlets and distributors in more than 170 countries, and its logo—a curved check mark called the “swoosh”—was recognized throughout the world. From the late 1980s Nike steadily expanded its business and diversified its product line through numerous acquisitions, including the shoe companies Cole Haan (1988; sold in 2012) and Converse, Inc. (2003), the sports-equipment producer Canstar Sports, Inc. (1994; later called Bauer and sold in 2008), and the athletic apparel and equipment company Umbro (2008; sold in 2012). In 1996 the company created Nike ACG (“all-conditions gear”), which markets products for extreme sports such as snowboarding and mountain biking. In the early 21st century Nike began selling sports-technology accessories, including portable heart-rate monitors and high-altitude wrist compasses. Part of Nike’s success is owed to endorsements by such athletes as Michael Jordan , Mia Hamm , Roger Federer , and Tiger Woods . The NikeTown chain stores, the first of which opened in 1990, pay tribute to these and other company spokespersons while offering consumers a full range of Nike products. In the 1990s the company’s image briefly suffered from revelations about poor working conditions in its overseas factories. Learn More in these related articles:


What type of insect is a devil's coach horse?

Devil's coach horse | Buglife Home > About Bugs > Devil's coach horse Devil’s coach horse (Ocypus olens) © Ben Hamers Devil's coach horse Fast facts Latin name: Ocypus olens Notable feature: Long-bodied, uniformly black beetle with an extended exposed powerful abdomen with shortened wing cases Rarity in UK: Rare / Common Devil’s coach horse (Ocypus olens) © Ben Hamers These aggressive, carniverous predators are commonly found across the UK and Europe in a variety of habitats. The Devil’s Coach Horse can sometimes be mistaken for an earwig but when threatened its scorpion-like posture will give the game away!     The Devil’s Coach Horse belongs to the Rove Beetle family, called the Staphylinidae which are sometimes referred to as the ‘Staphs’ for short. There are approximately 1000 species of rove beetle (given this name as they are constantly on the move) found in the UK which amounts to roughly a quarter of all British beetles.    Read more The Devil’s Coach Horse is the largest of the rove beetles and can reach a length of around 28mm. Typical to this family, the Devil’s Coach Horse is a long-bodied, uniformly black beetle with an extended exposed powerful abdomen with shortened wing cases (elytra). Although able to fly its wings are rarely used. The beetle is common in the UK and is found throughout Europe. It also inhabits parts of Australasia and the Americas but it is not native to these areas having been introduced. The Devil’s Coach Horse occupies a wide range of habitats requiring damp conditions and is common in woods, hedgerows, meadows, parks and gardens, being seen between April and October. It is also known to make its way indoors now and then, particularly in older properties. 3,2,1....Fight! If you have crossed paths with the Devil’s Coach Horse you may have seen it adopt its typical defensive pose where it raises the rear end of its body and opens its fierce jaws, similar to that of a scorpion. A tad on the aggressive side perhaps but it is only because its feeling threatened! If it continues to feel threatened though it can emit a foul smell from its abdomen area (‘olens’ meaning smell) via a pair of white glands; can excrete an unpleasant fluid from its mouth and rear; and it’s fair to say that its bite may hurt a little! Jaws of the invertebrate world During the day the Devil’s Coach Horse usually rests amongst and under stones and logs but it is at night that this carnivorous, nocturnal predator comes out to feed on slugs, worms, spiders, woodlice, a range of other invertebrates and carrion (dead items). For its size the Devil’s Coach Horse has very large jaws (mandibles) which it uses to catch and cut its prey. With the help of its front legs the food is then turned into a ball like shape (bolus) which is chewed, passing through the beetles’ digestive system a number of times until it becomes liquefied and finally digested. Little Devils - carnivorous young that live underground.. Devil’s Coach Horse mate in autumn and a female will lay a single egg two to three weeks later in a damp, dark habitat such as leaf litter or moss. After around 30 days the larva will emerge, living mainly underground. As with their parents, Devil’s Coach Horse larvae are carnivorous feeding on a variety of other invertebrates; possess powerful jaws to catch and consume their prey; and can even adopt the threatened display of a raised tail and open jaws. The larva goes through three successive growth stages (instars). The third and final larval stage is reached after approximately 150 days when it is between 20 – 26mm in length. It is at this stage that pupation begins and an adult beetle emerges about 35 days later. It emerges fully formed but needs to stay inactive for a few hours to allow its wings to dry out before they can be folded beneath the wing case (elytra). If the weather conditions are mild adults can remain active and survive a second winter. Alternatively they will burrow underground and hibernate until the following March. What’s in a name? As far back as the Middle Ages this species has been associat


In which controversial novel and film does the Korova Milk Bar appear?

A Clockwork Orange (1971) - FAQ The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. Visit our FAQ Help to learn more FAQ How much sex, violence, and profanity are in this movie? For detailed information about the amounts and types of (a) sex and nudity, (b) violence and gore, (c) profanity, (d) alcohol, drugs, and smoking, and (e) frightening and intense scenes in this movie, consult the IMDb Parents Guide for this movie. The Parents Guide for A Clockwork Orange can be found here . What is 'A Clockwork Orange' about? British teenager Alex DeLarge ( Malcolm McDowell ), leader of a gang of 'droogs' -- Pete ( Michael Tarn ), Georgie ( James Marcus ), and Dim ( Warren Clarke ) -- who spend their evenings committing 'ultra-violent' crimes, is apprehended by the police, convicted of rape and murder, and sentenced to 14 years in prison. While incarcerated, Alex volunteers for the Ludovico procedure -- a government-developed program that professes to cure him of his violent tendencies. However, they didn't warn Alex that the cure might be worse than the disease. When does this movie take place? Alex mentions that his car is a "Derango '95", Therefore setting the movie around 1995 or later. However, a newspaper later in the film, after the suicide sequence, has what appears to be a deliberately blurred date reading something like "1972". There's also the suggestion then that the film does not take place in the future but in an alternate universe. Further supporting this theory is that little of the technology demonstrated in the film appears to have advanced beyond that of the early 1970s and most differences between the period of the film and that of 70s Britain are merely cultural in nature. Why is it called "A Clockwork Orange"? The simple answer is that it is derived from an old English expression "Queer as a Clockwork Orange," meaning something very strange. In the novel, when Alex and his friends attack the writer and his wife, the writer is working on a manuscript entitled "A Clockwork Orange," but this was left out of the movie. However, in a 1986 Introduction to the first American edition of the book to contain the final chapter, Anthony Burgess says "A human being is endowed with free will. He can use this to choose between good and evil. If he can only perform good or only perform evil, then he is a clockwork orange - meaning that he has the appearance of an organism lovely with colour and juice but is in fact only a clockwork toy to be wound up by God or the Devil." He goes on to say "the important thing is moral choice." When Alex cannot choose to perform good or evil (after the Ludovico treatment), he has become a clockwork orange. Burgess also states that the Malaysian word "orang" means "man" in English, so "A Clockwork Orange" means "a clockwork man", which is what Alex has become by the end of the film, figuratively. Why do Alex and his droogs drink milk? The milk has drugs in it. If you listen closely, Alex names all the drugs during the opening scene: "The Korova Milk Bar sells Milk Plus: milk plus synthemesc, vellocet, or drencrom, which is what we were drinking. This will sharpen you up and make you ready for a bit of the old ultraviolence." You can also see the names of the drugs spelled out on the walls of the Bar behind them in the first shot. Novelist Anthony Burgess has stated that Alex drinking milk is symbolic of his infantile, child-like nature. "Synthemesc" is synthetic mescaline; "vellocet" is methedrine/speed, and "drencrom" is adrenochrome, all very powerful drugs which would cause the user to lose impulse control. Both mescaline and adrenochrome act as hallucinogens, and in addition, adrenochrome can amplify the effects of methedrine, making them the perfect additives for ultra-violence. What's that weird language they speak? It's called Nadsat. It's a language the author made up for the book, largely comprised of phonetically pronounced Russian words. The word nadsat itself is the Russian suffix for "-teen." Burgess was a linguist, and awa


What is the term for a word formed from the initial letters of other words, such as NATO?

Initialism | Define Initialism at Dictionary.com initialism [ih-nish-uh-liz-uh m] /ɪˈnɪʃ əˌlɪz əm/ Spell noun 1. a set of initials representing a name, organization, or the like, with each letter pronounced separately, as FBI for Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2. a name or term formed from the initial letters of a group of words and pronounced as a separate word, as NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an acronym . 3. the practice of using initials or forming words from initials. Origin of initialism


What is the ancient axe-like hand tool used for shaping wood, especially in boat-building, with a curved blade at right angles to the line of the handle (unlike a conventional axe whose blade is in line with the handle)?

Ship & Shipbuilding Terminology, complete terminology database listing Anchor building tools in the Age of Sail. Anchor's Aweigh: Expression for when the anchor is just clear of the bottom. Was also called atrip. Anchorage: Any location where a ship savely can and is allowed to drop anchor , most often a location within or just outside a harbour. Apeak: When an object such as an anchor or an oar is in a vertical position (straight-up). The anchor was said to be apeak when directly under the hawse . When oars where apeak, they were held straight up. Apron: 1. A planked platform at the entrance to a dock. 2. A rectangular piece of metal mounted over the touch-hole of a cannon to keep the charge covered and dry. 3. A curved timber fixed behind the lower part of the stem , immediately above the foremost end of the keel . An apron was intended to strengthen the connection between the stem and the keel . Also called gripe or gripe piece. Armada: A large fleet of warships. Articles: Signed documents indicating a crew member's responsibilities, duties, rank and/or position on board a ship. Astern: Any distance behind a ship, as opposed to a-head, which is before her. Astrolabe: A navigational instrument. It consisted of a dial, showing degrees, with an arm (alidade) pivoting through the centre. This arm, had a projection with a small hole on each end, you would line these up so a celestial body would be visible through both and the astrolabe's degree markings would indicate the celestial object's angle in the sky. It was used to determine a ships position by finding and predicting the position of the stars and the sun through triangulation. With the mariners astrolabe, latitude could be determined using the Pole Star or the Sun. The astrolabe was the main navigational instrument until the invention of the sextant in the 16th century. Athwart: From side to side; crosswise or perpendicular to the keel . Auger: A shipwright's tool for drilling holes in timbers . Avast: Stop! Halt! Cease! Awning: A canopy, often made from extra sail material, over a weather deck , gallery or quarter gallery , intended to shield the officers and crew from the sun in warmer climates or hot weather. Axe: A shipwright's tool, the shipwright's axe came in a variety of shapes. The shape of the blade depended on the function of the axe. De edge of the blade was either straight or curved, most were curved; The angle of the blade also varied depending whether hard or softer wood was to be cut, a thinner blade was required for the hardest woods. A typical size would be a 1.4" (3.5cm) thick blade, a blade height of 4.1" (10.5cm) and a blade length of 7.4" (19cm). Azimuth: Used in celestial navigation , it was the angle measured clockwise around the horizon from the North point to a point on the horizon vertically below the observed celestial object. Azimuth was determined with the help of a compass . - North = 0/360 degrees Balance Frame: The forward-most and aftermost frame of the full-width part of the hull . Balinger: A small single-masted sailing vessel, used in the 15th and 16th century. Ballast: Heavy material, such as iron, lead or stone placed in the bottom of a ship's hold to keep the vessel steady by lowering her centre of gravity and increasing her draft . Baltimore Clipper: A two-masted fore-and-aft gaff-rigged schooner-like ship also carrying square sails on the foremast and often used in the role of a blockade-runner or privateer . The masts were set at extreme angles, as it was believed at the time to provide for better speed. Baltimore clippers were also used to transport prospectors and settlers from the East Coast to the West Coast during the California gold-rush. Banking: A term for fishing the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. A vessel doing so was called a banker. Barca-longa: A two- or three-masted Mediterranean vessel carrying lugsails . Barque Longue: A relatively small 17th century two-masted square-rigged sailing vessel best known for its use by early Fench explorers. Examples of a barque Longue Barratry: An unlawful act or fraudulent brea


The England footballer Nat Lofthouse, who died age 85 in 2011, earned what nickname (an animal of a city) after his courageous match-winning performance against Austria in 1952?

Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: February 2011 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League 22nd Feb–Cup/Plate Semi Finals   Questions set by Plough Horntails and the Dolphin 1. How many hoops are used in the standard game of Croquet? A, 6. 2. Which African kingdom was known as Basutoland before it gained independence in 1966? A. Lesotho. 3. The work "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures" is the textbook of which religious movement founded in 1879? A. Christian Science. 4. What is the fruit of the Blackthorn called? A. The Sloe. 5. How many countries sit on the full United Nations Security Council? A. 15. 6. According to the book of Genesis, which land lay to the "east of Eden"? A. The Land of Nod. 7. What is the name of the southernmost point of Africa? A. Cape Agulhas (note: The Cape of Good Hope is just south of Cape Town and is NOT correct). 8. Responding to a pressing issue in year 1095, what appeal did Pope Urban II make to Kings, Nobles and Knights in a sermon at the Council of Clermont? A. Please help to regain the Holy Lands… the First Crusade. (Accept any answer relating to freeing Jerusalem from Moslems/ Mohammadens / Turks/ Saracens) 9. Who holds the post of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union? A. Baroness Ashton (Accept Catherine Ashton). 10. Which city was awarded the 1944 Summer Olympic Games? A. London. 11. In which country did the Maoist organization the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) operate? A. Peru. 12. Which major city’s name translates into English as Fragrant Harbour? A. Hong Kong. 13. In which country was the Granny Smith apple first grown? A. Australia (in 1868) 15. Who was the architect of Coventry Cathedral? A. Basil Spence. 16. Who opened an historic address to his people with the following, “In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, I send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if I were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.” A. King George VI (as taken from the King’s Speech) 17. Which car company makes the Alhambra model? A. Seat. 18. Which car company makes a model called the Sirion? A. Diahatsu 19. What is the Nationality of Stefaan Engels who set a World record on Saturday 5th February in Barcelona by completing a marathon every day for a year, a total of 9,569 miles? A. Belgian. 20. Who wrote Memoirs of a Fox-hunting Man and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, as well as collections of poetry? A. Siegfried Sassoon. 21. Approximately what percentage of the planet’s surface is covered by Tropical rainforests? A. 2% (but they are home to more than 50% species on Earth). Accept any figure less than 5%. 22. What is the name of the point on the Celestial sphere directly below an observer or a given position? A. Nadir. (Note this is the opposite of zenith). 23. What is the term, of French origin, loosely translated 'into mouth', for using facial muscles and shaping the lips for the mouthpiece to play a woodwind or brass musical instrument? A. Embouchure (origin, em = into, bouche = mouth) also accept embrasure. 24. In his 2011 memoir, ‘Known and Unknown’, which US ex-politician tries to deflect blame onto others including Colin Powell and Condoleeza Rice, for Iraq War mistakes? A. Donald Rumsfeld. (The book title alludes to Rumsfeld's famous statement: "There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know..." The statement was made by Rumsfeld on February 12, 2002 at a press briefing addressing the absence of evidence linking the Iraq government with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups.) 25. How many vertices (corners) has a regular dodecahedron (a dodecahedron is a 3D form with 12 faces)? A. 20. 26. The Salmon River in Idaho, USA is known by what nickname, It is also the name of a 1954 film, whose title soundtrack was recorded b


Brabantio is whose father in Shakespeare's play Othello?

The character of Brabantio in Othello from LitCharts | The creators of SparkNotes Emilia A senator in Venice and Desdemona's father. At first enraged by Desdemona's elopement with Othello, he does eventually grant a grudging blessing to their marriage. But his blessing never seems heartfelt, and he dies of grief shortly after their departure for Cyprus (and before any of the tragedies of the play occur). Brabantio Quotes in Othello The Othello quotes below are all either spoken by Brabantio or refer to Brabantio. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). Note: all page and citation info for the quotes below refers to the Simon & Schuster edition of Othello published in 2015. Act 1, scene 2 Quotes "Damned as thou art, thou hast enchanted her! For I'll refer me to all things of sense, If she in chains of magic were not bound, Whether a maid, so tender, fair, and happy, So opposite to marriage that she shunned The wealthy curled darlings of our nation, Would ever have, t'incur a general mock, Run from her guardage to the sooty bosom Of such a thing as thou—to fear, not to delight." Related Characters: Brabantio (speaker), Othello, Desdemona Related Symbols: Animals Download it! Brabantio Character Timeline in Othello The timeline below shows where the character Brabantio appears in Othello. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. Act 1, scene 1 Iago and Roderigo go to the house of Brabantio, a senator and Desdemona's father. They shout from the street that Brabantio has been robbed.... (full context) Brabantio goes to search his house for his daughter, worried because he has had a "dream"... (full context) Act 1, scene 2 ...when he hears the things Roderigo was saying about Othello. He also warns Othello that Brabantio is likely to try to legally force a divorce between Othello and Desdemona. Othello seems... (full context) Just then, they see a group of men approaching. Iago says it must be Brabantio and advises Othello to go inside. Othello refuses, preferring to face them, saying he has... (full context) ...Othello has married. But before he can say who Othello has wed, Roderigo along with Brabantio and his men arrive. Brabantio states that Othello must have enchanted Desdemona, or else why... (full context) Othello is unfazed, tells everyone on both sides to put up their arms, and informs Brabantio that he has been called to meet with the Duke on state business. Brabantio decides... (full context) Act 1, scene 3 Othello and Brabantio enter along with their men. Brabantio demands that they cease discussing state business and instead... (full context) ...story. They send for her. As they wait for Desdemona to arrive, Othello says that Brabantio used to invite him to his house to hear his life story, with all its... (full context) Desdemona arrives. Brabantio asks his daughter to whom she owes obedience. Desdemona responds that just as her own... (full context) ...defense. Though the Duke at first suggests that Desdemona stay in Venice with her father, Brabantio, Othello, and Desdemona all object, and the Duke says that she may go with Othello. (full context) Brabantio exits, but not before warning Othello to watch Desdemona—since she disobeyed her father, she might... (full context) Act 5, scene 1 Lodovico enters with Graziano (Brabantio's brother). They hear the cries of pain from Cassio and Roderigo, but it's so dark... (full context) Act 5, scene 2 ...he smothered Desdemona. Graziano is shocked, and says that it is a good thing that Brabantio died from grief at Desdemona's marriage so that he did not live to see this. (full context) Cite This Page


In April 1940, author and political leader Booker T Washington became the first African American to be depicted on an American what?

Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington Educator, author, and African American civil rights leader Political party Ernest Davidson Washington Signature Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community. Washington was from the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants. They were newly oppressed in the South by disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post- Reconstruction Southern states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Washington was a key proponent of African-American businesses and one of the founders of the National Negro Business League. His base was the Tuskegee Institute , a historically black college in Alabama. As lynchings in the South reached a peak in 1895, Washington gave a speech, known as the “ Atlanta compromise ,” which brought him national fame. He called for black progress through education and entrepreneurship, rather than trying to challenge directly the Jim Crow segregation and the disenfranchisement of black voters in the South. Washington mobilized a nationwide coalition of middle-class blacks, church leaders, and white philanthropists and politicians, with a long-term goal of building the community’s economic strength and pride by a focus on self-help and schooling. But, secretly, he also supported court challenges to segregation and passed on funds raised for this purpose. [1] Black militants in the North, led by W. E. B. Du Bois , at first supported the Atlanta compromise but after 1909, they set up the NAACP to work for political change. They tried with limited success to challenge Washington’s political machine for leadership in the black community but also built wider networks among white allies in the North. [2] Decades after Washington’s death in 1915, the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s took a more active and militant approach, which was also based on new grassroots organizations based in the South, such as CORE , SNCC and SCLC . Booker T. Washington mastered the nuances of the political arena in the late 19th century, which enabled him to manipulate the media, raise money, strategize, network, pressure, reward friends and distribute funds while punishing those who opposed his plans for uplifting blacks. His long-term goal was to end the disenfranchisement of the vast majority of African Americans, who still lived in the South. [3] Contents 18 External links Overview In 1856, Washington was born into slavery in Virginia as the son of Jane, an African-American slave. [4] After emancipation, she moved the family to West Virginia to join her husband Washington Ferguson. As a young man, Washington worked his way through Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (now Hampton University ) and attended college at Wayland Seminary (now Virginia Union University ). In 1881, he was named as the first leader of the new Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Washington attained national prominence for his Atlanta Address of 1895 , which attracted the attention of politicians and the public, making him a popular spokesperson for African-American citizens. He built a nationwide network of supporters in many black communities, with black ministers, educators and businessmen composing his core supporters. Washington played a dominant role in black politics, winning wide support in the black community of the South and among more liberal whites (especially rich Northern whites). He gained access to top national leaders in politics, philanthropy and education. Washington’s efforts included cooperating with white people and enlisting the support of wealthy philanthropists, helping to raise funds to establish and operate thousands of small community schools and institutions of higher education for the betterment of blacks throughout the South . This work continued for many years after his dea