What is often thought of as the medieval forerunner of chemistry, especially seeking to turn base metals into gold or silver?

PPT - The Alchemist PowerPoint Presentation - ID:3767242 Magic, magical realism, witchcraft What is this story? The Alchemist reads like a fable. It is also bildungsroman and has elements of a picaresque novel and magical realism as well. FABLE—a story that conveys a lesson as an exemplum--an example of what one should or should not do. BILDUNGSROMAN--the German term for a coming-of-age story in which an adolescent protagonist comes to adulthood by a process of experience and disillusionment. What is this story? (cont.) PICARESQUE—a story of a young knave's misadventures and escapades narrated in comic or satiric scenes. The picaroon frequently travels from place to place engaging in a variety of jobs for several masters and getting into mischief. The picaresque novel is usually episodic in nature and realistic in its presentation of the seamier aspects of society. MAGICAL REALISM—a literary genre or style associated especially with Latin America that incorporates fantastic or mythical elements into otherwise realistic fiction. Archetypes THE JOURNEY—sends the hero in search of some truth or information necessary to restore harmony, justice, fertility, etc. and includes the trials and struggles the hero faces along the way. THE QUEST—the search for someone or some talisman that, when found and brought back, will restore harmony, justice, fertility, etc. THE INITIATION—a moment, usually psychological, in which an individual comes into maturity. The INITIATE gains a new awareness into the nature of circumstances and understands his/her responsibility for trying to resolve the dilemma. Personal Legend According to Melchizedek in The Alchemist, a Personal Legend is “what you have always wanted to accomplish. Everyone, when they are young, knows what their Personal Legend is…But, as time passes, a mysterious force begins to convince them that it will be impossible for them to realize their Personal Legen.” (Coelho 21) The Personal Legend is something that everyone has and knows about when they are young, but they become too afraid to achieve it as they grow older. Personal Legend (continued) The Alchemist stresses the importance of one’s“obligation” to find one’s own Personal Legend—a concept that is closely connected to the idea of destiny or fate. A sign we are following our legend—enthusiasm for what we are doing “Introduction” Coelho suggests that there are FOUR OBSTACLES that keep us from following our legend: The message throughout childhood that what we want is impossible Love—fear of hurting those around us Fear of the defeats we will meet—”I didn’t want it anyway.” Fear of realizing the dream—our guilty feelings for having fulfilled our dream when others haven’t “Prologue” PROLOGUE: A separate introductory section of a literary or musical work. The story of Narcissus—with a twist Why the twist? How does the story of Narcissus tie in to our quest to follow our Personal Legend? Consider: What role does selfishness play in our Personal Legend? Destiny It refers to a predetermined course of events. It is defined as the predetermined future of an individual. It is based on the belief that there is a fixed natural order to the universe Destiny continued . . . While destiny may be seen as a fixed sequence of events, it can also be that the individual chooses his or her own destiny by selecting different paths throughout his or her lifetime. Fate It refers to the force that causes events in one’s life to be inevitable. The implication is that an individual cannot control or avoid his or her fate. It is often seen as the final outcome in a course of events. Fate continued . . . The word “fate” is a derivative of “fatality” or “fatalism.” It implies that there is no choice, and it ultimately ends in death. So what is the difference? While the difference between the two is subtle, there is a distinction: Destiny refers to the course of events that we may choose to follow in order to achieve a goal. Fate is the force that controls everything that happens to us along the way. “Difference” (continued) “Destiny is that which we


The Gulfs of Tonkin and Thailand both lead to which body of water?

The Other Gulf of Tonkin Incident: China’s Forgotten Maritime Compromise | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative China , South China Sea , Vietnam China has nine maritime neighbors (including Taiwan) but no settled maritime boundaries, due in part to China’s unwillingness to specify its maritime claims. Only one partial exception to this imprecision exists: a boundary agreement with Vietnam to delimit the northern part of the Gulf of Tonkin and a fishery agreement establishing a joint fishing regime in that area, both reached in 2000. The agreements offer both positive and negative lessons. At a minimum, they provide important precedents that should be more widely appreciated – foremost among them that it is possible for China to come to the bargaining table on maritime disputes. Meanwhile specific lessons can be applied to China’s bilateral maritime disputes with Japan, Vietnam, and the Koreas. Unfortunately the Tonkin agreements support only modest expectations for resolution of the complex, multilateral Spratly Islands disputes. First, the good news: The Tonkin agreements might have enabled future deals. Leaders in both China and Vietnam authorized their diplomats to negotiate formal boundaries governing about 36,000 square nautical miles of productive fisheries and potentially lucrative hydrocarbons. The deal emerged from three separate rounds of negotiation (1974, 1978-1979, and 1992-2000), with the last being a whole-of-government effort featuring input from senior party leaders, provincial governments, various stakeholder agencies, and technical and scientific experts. Importantly, growing familiarity between negotiators did not breed contempt – rather, it helped establish organizational and individual connections that were indispensable to the final settlement. Wang Yi, the current PRC foreign minister, was China’s lead negotiator and presumably knows what is required, politically and organizationally, to achieve future settlements. Comparable, substantial investment of official time and political energy is possible and necessary for future deals. China made significant compromises. The 21 geographic points constituting the Sino-Vietnamese boundary in the Gulf of Tonkin divide it into two unequal parts, with 53.23 percent of the water lying on the Vietnamese side of the line. This compromise by China reflects the relative length of the Vietnamese coastline and the position of Bach Long Vi Island. That island was once the subject of a Sino-Vietnamese sovereignty dispute put to rest in 1957 when Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai dropped the Chinese claim. That strong Chinese leaders were once willing to make a deal over sovereignty that later facilitated a boundary resolution is a valuable precedent. UNCLOS provided guidelines, but was not determinative. The conclusive round of Sino-Vietnamese negotiations (1992-2000) was facilitated by the parties’ informal agreement in 1993 that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) would furnish the basic principles to be applied to resolving maritime boundary disputes. They also agreed that international practice, equity, and relevant circumstances would be given appropriate weight in negotiations. The parties did not use their respective interpretations of the law of the sea as take-it-or-leave-it demands for comprehensive settlement. Rather, international law furnished several focal points for the two parties (who had not yet even ratified UNCLOS) to cooperate and delimit their respective territorial seas, exclusive economic zones (EEZs), and continental shelves. This nuanced approach to legal norms allowed them to reach agreement even while “shelving” pesky problems such as rights over non-living resources like oil and gas. The agreement gave partial effect to islands and reduced maritime entitlements. The states’ overlapping EEZs in the area were given less than the maximum 200 nautical miles prescribed in UNCLOS. Further, Vietnam’s Bach Long Vi and Con Co Islands were given 25 percent and 50 percent effect, respectively,


"Which US vice presidential candidate made ""The Checkers speech"", an address on TV and radio on 23 September 1952, which was an early example of a politician using television to appeal directly to the electorate?"

checkers speech : definition of checkers speech and synonyms of checkers speech (English) transcript The Checkers speech or Fund speech was an address made by Richard Nixon , the Republican vice presidential candidate and junior United States Senator from California , on television and radio on September 23, 1952. Senator Nixon had been accused of improprieties relating to a fund established by his backers to reimburse him for his political expenses. With his place on the Republican ticket in doubt, he flew to Los Angeles and delivered a half-hour television address in which he defended himself, attacked his opponents, and urged the audience to contact the Republican National Committee (RNC) to tell it whether he should remain on the ticket. During the speech, he stated that regardless of what anyone said, he intended to keep one gift: a black-and-white dog named Checkers by the Nixon children, thus giving the address its popular name. Nixon, as he related in his address, came from a family of moderate means, and had spent much of his time after law school either in the military, campaigning for office, or serving in Congress. After his successful 1950 Senate campaign, Nixon's backers continued to raise money to finance his political activities. These contributions went to reimburse him for travel costs, postage for political mailings which he did not have franked , and similar expenses. Such a fund was not illegal at the time, but it exposed Senator Nixon, who had made a point of attacking government corruption, to charges he might be giving special favors to the contributors. The press became aware of the fund in September 1952, two months after Nixon's selection as General Dwight D. Eisenhower 's running mate . Within a few days, the story grew until the controversy threatened Nixon's place on the ticket. In an attempt to turn the tide of public opinion, Nixon broke off a whistle-stop tour of the West Coast and flew to Los Angeles to make a televised broadcast to the nation, for which television time was purchased by the RNC. Nixon got the idea for the Checkers reference from Franklin Roosevelt 's Fala speech —given eight years to the day before Nixon's address—in which Roosevelt mocked Republican claims that he had sent a destroyer to fetch his dog, Fala, when the dog was supposedly left behind in the Aleutian Islands . Nixon's speech was seen or heard by about 60 million Americans, including the largest television audience to that time, and led to an outpouring of public support. A huge majority of the millions of telegrams and phone calls received by the RNC and other political offices supported Nixon. He was retained on the ticket, which then swept to victory weeks later in November 1952. The Checkers speech was an early example of a politician using television to appeal directly to the electorate, but has since sometimes been mocked or denigrated. Checkers speech has come more generally to mean any emotional speech by a politician. Contents 8 External links   Background In 1950, California Congressman Richard Nixon was elected to the Senate , defeating Representative Helen Gahagan Douglas . With the six-year term secured, Nixon campaign officials discussed how to further his career. Nixon campaign manager Murray Chotiner and campaign chairman Bernie Brennan proposed a year-round campaign for the next six years, leading up to a re-election bid in 1956. Nixon's Southern California campaign treasurer Dana Smith suggested what became known as "the Fund", to be administered by himself, which would pay for Nixon's political expenses. [1] As Smith wrote to one potential contributor, money donated to the Fund was to be used for: Transportation and hotel expenses to cover trips to California more frequently than his mileage allowance permits. Payment of airmail and long-distance phone charges above his allowance ... Preparation of material ... to send out to the people ... who have supported him ... Defraying expenses of his Christmas cards to the people who worked in his campaign or contributed financially ... paying for


Which guitarist collaborated with David Bowie on his music projects from 1988 to 1999?

About David Bowie - History, Biography, Songs and Facts   david “As was the case with Miles Davis in jazz, Bowie has come not just to represent his innovations but to symbolize modern rock as an idiom in which literacy, art, fashion, style, sexual exploration and social commentary can be rolled into one.” Rolling Stone magazine Bowie is the man who elevated his music to what can only be described as an art form. Driven by an entirely deeper dynamic than most pop artists, David Bowie inhabits a very special world of extraordinary sounds and endless vision. Unwilling to stay on the treadmill of rock legend and avoiding the descent into ever demeaning and decreasing circles of cliché, Bowie writes and performs what he wants, when he wants. His absence from the endless list of “important events” has just fuelled interest. Constant speculation about what the guy was up to has even led some to wonder if this is his greatest reinvention ever. David Jones! David Robert Jones was born in Brixton on January 8, 1947. At age thirteen, inspired by the jazz of the London West End, he picked up the saxophone and called up Ronnie Ross for lessons. Early bands he played with – The Kon-Rads, The King Bees, the Mannish Boys and the Lower Third –provided him with an introduction into the showy world of pop and mod, and by 1966 he was David Bowie, with long hair and aspirations of stardom rustling about his head. Kenneth Pitt signed on as his manager, and his career began with a handful of mostly forgotten singles but a head full of ideas. It was not until 1969 that the splash onto the charts would begin, with the legendary Space Oddity (which peaked at No. 5 in the UK). Amidst his musical wanderings in the late 60s, he experimented with mixed media, cinema, mime, Tibetan Buddhism, acting and love. The album, originally titled David Bowie then subsequently Man of Words, Man of Music, pays homage to all the influences of the London artistic scene. It shows the early song-writing talent that was yet to yield some of rock-n-roll’s finest work, even if it would take the rest of the world a few years to catch up with him. Early 70s Bowie’s first album, The Man Who Sold The World, was recorded as an entity in itself and marks the first definitive creative stretch for the listener. Mick Ronson’s guitars are often referred to as the birth point of heavy metal, and certainly the auspicious beginnings of glam rock can be traced here. The album was released by Mercury in April 1971 to minimal fanfare and Bowie took his first trip to the United States to promote it that spring. In May of the same year, Duncan Zowie Haywood Bowie was born to David and his then wife Angela. RCA was the next label to sign Bowie, and after a trip to America to complete the legalities, he returned to London to record two albums nearly back to back. Hunky Dory was built from a six-song demo that had enticed the label to sign him and features Changes and Life On Mars. Almost immediately, it was followed up by the instant classic The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and The Spiders from Mars. 1972 was certainly the year that Bowie began to get a glimpse of the power of pop. GQ editor Dylan Jones said of the landmark 1972 Top of The Pops appearance on 6th July “This is the performance that turned Bowie into a star, embedding his Ziggy Stardust persona into the nations consciousness.” The sound of the suburbs suddenly got a whole lot louder. Previewed in London that spring, his rock-n-roll creation Ziggy Stardust staged one of the most spectacular and innovative live shows to date, and the craze that followed was the beginning of his superstar myth.   The summer of 1972 was also a busy one for him in the studio, as he produced albums for Lou Reed (Transformer) – a seminal record that to this day enthuses critics the world over and spawned the surprise leftfield hit, Walk on the Wild Side, a fairytale of the dark side of New York. The fact that David had also co-produced the terrifying and vastly influential Raw Power by Iggy and The Stooges that year, only added to his growing rep


Born in Australia in 1898, Walter Lindrum was one of the greatest practitoners of what sport?

Walter Lindrum - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia I Live my life to the Fullest!!! coz you know you only get one !!! Walter Lindrum Born  29 August 1898 Kalgoorlie, Western Australia (1898-08-29) Highest break  4,137 (19 January 1932) Major  World Billiards Championship (1933, 1934; retired uncontested in 1950) Died  July 30, 1960, Surfers Paradise, Gold Coast, Australia Walter lindrum 1932 Sponsored Links Walter Albert Lindrum, OBE (29 August 1898 – 30 July 1960), often known as Wally Lindrum, was an Australian professional player of English billiards who held the World Professional Billiards Championship from 1933 until his retirement in 1950. He was named Walter Albert to have the initials of the state where he was born - W.A. (Western Australia). He was one of the most successful players ever seen in billiards, with 57 world records to his credit, some of which still stand. Walter lindrum how to make a hundred break Early life Lindrum's grandfather, Frederick William Lindrum I, was Australia's first World Professional Billiards Champion having defeated the English master, John Roberts, Sr., in 1869. Walter's father, Frederick William Lindrum II, was an Australian Billiards Champion at the age of 20. According to Walter, from 1909 to 1912 his father was the greatest billiard player in the world but "only...my brother Fred and myself knew it. He passed over public matches to coach the two of us." Walter's older brother, Frederick William Lindrum III, became professional Australian Billiards Champion in 1909. Frederick II closely tutored his sons and their nephew Horace Lindrum (who also went on to become a famed billiards and snooker pro). The family can be considered the greatest billiard playing family the world has ever known. His mother Laura (nee Williams) was locally renowned at both sewing and baking, winning numerous Kalgoorlie baking competitions. Walter often cited her as an influence on him, saying in 1933 after winning the world championship: "She gave me my desire to win. She helped further my passion for both winning and the sport, and she's truly an inspiration to me." Walter himself was born on 29 August 1898 in the Western Australian mining town of Kalgoorlie. He lost the tip of his index finger on his right hand in an accident in 1901, and his father taught him to play billiards left-handed. Much of his childhood was spent practising billiards for up to twelve hours per day, under his father's tutelage on his two billiard tables in the Palace Hotel in Kalgoorlie, and also guided by William (Billy) Weston, another Australian Billiard Champion, who owned a billiard saloon at the corner of Brookman and Wilson Streets in Kalgoorlie. Standing on a crate to reach the table, Lindrum was "polished" by Weston, who taught him the technique of playing top of the table , a method to increase breaks . The family were itinerant, and often moved from town to town. Lindrum's first professional game was played at the age of only 13 years. By the age of 16, Walter was regularly making breaks of over 1,000 points during practice at the London Tavern, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, where Fred Lindrum II was running a three-table billiard parlour. By 1921 Walter Lindrum was defeating his older brother, Frederick III, then the Australian Billiards Champion. Walter refused to play his brother for the title. Family Walter married Rose Coates in 1929 in Sydney. She was dying at this time and died soon after. His second marriage was to Alicia Hoskin on 9 April 1933 in London. Know as Sue, Walter and his wife toured the world for many years. Trophies and presents from this period were in part passed to his only Godson Jonathan Ingram. Alicia and Walter were divorced in 1955. Walter married a third time in July 1956, to Beryl Elaine, nee Carr, who survived him. Billiards champion During the mid-1920s Walter Lindrum's standard of play was without effective competition in Australia, with many players refusing to play against him. As a result, exhibition matches were often organised, especially with New Zealand Billiard Champi


The film 1953 Calamity Jane produced which hit for Doris Day that reached #1 on the Billboard charts in 1954?

Doris Day - Calamity Jane - The Magic of Doris Day... Too Marvelous for Words   The Magic of Doris Day... Too Marvelous for Words Contact Us “In 1953 I made one of my favorite musicals, Calamity Jane... I loved portraying Calamity Jane, who was a rambunctious, pistol-packing prairie girl (I lowered my voice and stuck out my chin a little). I can’t say that the physical high jinks of jumping on horses, bars, wagons, and belligerent men or doing pratfalls in muddy streams seemed to be particularly exhausting…I had a great working relationship with my costar, Howard Keel, and absolutely first-rate songs to sing (by Sammy Fain and Paul Webster), one of which, ‘Secret Love,’ became my third million-plus recording and won that year’s Academy Award.” - Doris Day, Her Own Story "When I first heard 'Secret Love' I almost fainted, it was so beautiful. When we finally got around to doing the pre-recording, Ray Heindorf, the musical director at Warner's, said he'd get the musicians in about 12:30 so they could rehearse. That morning I did my vocal warm-up, then jumped on my bike and rode over to Warner's - we lived in Toluca Lake at the time, which was just minutes from the studio. When I got there I sang the song with the orchestra for the first time. When I'd finished, Ray called me into the sound booth, grinning from ear to ear, and said, 'That's it. You're never going to do it better.' That was the first and only take we did." - Doris Day, Her Own Story "It is no accident that “Secret Love” hit number one on the pop record charts, garnered Day a gold record single, won the 1954 Academy Award for Best Song, and in 1999 was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Like any great piece of popular art, its appeal has lasted through the years, and five decades later, when people speak of Calamity Jane, this is the sequence imprinted upon their memories." - Santopietro, Tom (2008-08-05). Considering Doris Day (Kindle Locations 1379-1381). St. Martin's Press. Kindle Edition. "There's a kind of crisp androgynous something that is nice--she has backbone and spunk that I think give her a kind of stiffness in the mind." - John Updike Click to set custom HTML Directed by   English $5,000,000.00 UK Polls list this as their all time favorite musical film; it was popular in the US as well, costarring Howard Keel. This film gave Doris her first Oscar for Best Song with “Secret Love”. The soundtrack was one of the biggest sellers of the year. It is Doris’s favorite of all her films, along with “Pillow Talk”. It is loosely based on the life of Wild West heroine Calamity Jane and explores an alleged romance between Calamity Jane and Wild Bill Hickok in the American Old West . The film  was devised by Warner Brothers in response to the success of Annie Get Your Gun . Deadwood, Dakota Territory, is largely the abode of men, where Indian scout Calamity Jane is as hard-riding, boastful, and handy with a gun as any; quite an overpowering personality. But the army lieutenant she favors doesn't really appreciate her finer qualities. One of Jane's boasts brings her to Chicago to recruit an actress for the Golden Garter  stage. Arrived, the lady in question appears (at first) to be a more feminine rival for the favors of Jane's male friends...including her friendly enemy Wild Bill Hickok. Calam's attempt to bring in Adelaide starts a series of events which make Calam examine her feminine side, and what it may take to get Danny to  propose. But in doing so, Calam ultimately realizes that what she really  wants in life has been there all along.  Songs like "Deadwood Stage" and "Just Blew In From The Windy City" keep this lively comedy right in the groove and quickly explains why it has become one of Doris's most shown films on television. Movie Quotes Calamity Jane: Make mine sarsparilly! Wild Bill Hickok: [finds a gun hidden in Calamity's wedding dress] What's this fer? Calamity Jane: Awww... just in case any more actresses come in from Chicagy! [the singer is a man in drag] Wild Bill Hickok: She ain't very good


"The word ""horror"" comes from a Latin word meaning what?"

Horror | Define Horror at Dictionary.com horror [hawr-er, hor-] /ˈhɔr ər, ˈhɒr-/ Spell noun 1. an overwhelming and painful feeling caused by something frightfully shocking, terrifying, or revolting; a shuddering fear: to shrink back from a mutilated corpse in horror. 2. anything that causes such a feeling: killing, looting, and other horrors of war. 3. such a feeling as a quality or condition: to have known the horror of slow starvation. 4. to have a horror of emotional outbursts. 5. Informal. something considered bad or tasteless: That wallpaper is a horror. The party was a horror. 6. inspiring or creating horror, loathing, aversion, etc.: The hostages told horror stories of their year in captivity. 8. centered upon or depicting terrifying or macabre events: a horror movie. horrors, (used as a mild expression of dismay, surprise, disappointment, etc.) Origin of horror Latin 1520-1530 1520-30; < Latin horror, equivalent to horr- (stem of horrēre to bristle with fear; see horrendous ) + -or -or 1; replacing Middle English orrour < Anglo-French < Latin horrōr-, stem of horror Synonyms 1. dread, dismay, consternation. See terror . 4. loathing, antipathy, detestation, hatred, abomination. Antonyms Examples from the Web for horror Expand Contemporary Examples Still Jim Honor Willsie Morrow I could only look away from him in horror, and fix my eyes on the ground. British Dictionary definitions for horror Expand (often pl) a thing or person causing fear, loathing, etc 4. (modifier) having a frightening subject, esp a supernatural one: a horror film Word Origin C14: from Latin: a trembling with fear; compare hirsute Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for horror Expand n. early 14c., from Old French horror (12c., Modern French horreur) and directly from Latin horror "dread, veneration, religious awe," a figurative use, literally "a shaking, trembling, shudder, chill," from horrere "to bristle with fear, shudder," from PIE root *ghers- "to bristle" (cf. Sanskrit harsate "bristles," Avestan zarshayamna- "ruffling one's feathers," Latin eris (genitive) "hedgehog," Welsh garw "rough"). As a genre in film, 1934. Chamber of horrors originally (1849) was a gallery of notorious criminals in Madame Tussaud's wax exhibition. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Idioms and Phrases with horror Expand


Whom do Sikhs venerate as the founder of their religion?

Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People Home > Introduction A      way of life and philosophy well ahead of its time when it was founded      over 500 years ago, The Sikh religion today has a following of over 20      million people worldwide. Sikhism preaches a message of devotion and remembrance      of God at all times, truthful living, equality of mankind, social justice      and denounces superstitions and blind rituals. Sikhism is open to all      through the teachings of its 10 Gurus enshrined in the Sikh Holy Book      and Living Guru, Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Who and What is      a Sikh? The word 'Sikh'       in the Punjabi language means 'disciple', Sikhs are the disciples of       God who follow the writings and teachings of the Ten Sikh Gurus. The       wisdom of these teachings in Sri Guru Granth Sahib are practical and       universal in their appeal to all mankind. "I observe        neither Hindu fasting nor the ritual of the Muslim Ramadan month; Him        I serve who at the last shall save. The Lord of universe of the Hindus,        Gosain and Allah to me are one; From Hindus and Muslims have I broken        free. I perform neither Kaaba pilgrimage nor at bathing spots worship;        One sole Lord I serve, and no other. I perform neither the Hindu worship        nor the Muslim prayer; To the Sole Formless Lord in my heart I bow.        We neither are Hindus nor Muslims; Our body and life belong to the One        Supreme Being who alone is both Ram and Allah for us." (Guru        Arjan Dev, Guru Granth Sahib, Raga Bhairon pg. 1136) "Any human         being who faithfully believes in: (i) One Immortal Being, (ii) Ten Gurus,         from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, (iii) The Guru Granth Sahib,         (iv) The utterances and teachings of the ten Gurus and, (v) the baptism         bequeathed by the tenth Guru, and who does not owe allegiance to any         other religion is a Sikh." (Rehat Maryada, Sikh Code of Conduct) Philosophy and          Beliefs There is only One God. He is the same God for           all people of all religions. The soul goes through cycles of births and deaths before it reaches       the human form. The goal of our life is to lead an exemplary existence       so that one may merge with God. Sikhs should remember God at all times       and practice living a virtuous and truthful life while maintaining a       balance between their spiritual obligations and temporal obligations. The true path to achieving salvation and merging with God does not require       renunciation of the world or celibacy, but living the life of a householder,       earning a honest living and avoiding worldly temptations and sins. Sikhism condemns blind rituals such as fasting, visiting places of pilgrimage,       superstitions, worship of the dead, idol worship etc. Sikhism preaches that people of different races, religions, or sex are       all equal in the eyes of God. It teaches the full equality of men and       women. Women can participate in any religious function or perform any       Sikh ceremony or lead the congregation in prayer. History and Practices The founder of the                Sikh religion was Guru Nanak who was born in 1469. He preached a message                of love and understanding and criticized the blind rituals of the Hindus                and Muslims. Guru Nanak passed on his enlightened leadership of this                new religion to nine successive Gurus. The final living Guru, Guru Gobind                Singh died in 1708. During his lifetime                 Guru Gobind Singh established the Khalsa order (meaning 'The Pure'),                 soldier-saints. The Khalsa uphold the highest


Who was the British Leader of the Opposition during the Abdication Crisis?

Abdication | British Monarchist Society and Foundation Share This Edward VIII – Abdication Crisis In 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire was caused by King-Emperor Edward VIII’s proposal to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was pursuing a divorce of her second. The marriage was opposed by the governments of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth. Religious, legal, political and moral objections were raised. As British monarch, Edward was the nominal head of the Church of England, which did not then allow divorced people to remarry if their ex-spouses were still alive, so it was widely believed that Edward could not marry Wallis Simpson and remain on the throne. Simpson was perceived to be politically and socially unsuitable as a consort because of her two failed marriages. It was widely assumed by the Establishment that she was driven by love of money or position rather than love for the King. Despite the opposition, Edward declared that he loved Simpson and intended to marry her whether his governments approved or not. The widespread unwillingness to accept Simpson as the King’s consort, and Edward’s refusal to give her up, led to his abdication in December 1936. He remains the only British monarch to have voluntarily renounced the throne since the Anglo-Saxon period. He was succeeded by his brother Albert, who took the regnal name of George VI. Edward was given the title His Royal Highness the Duke of Windsor following his abdication, and he married Wallis Simpson the following year. They remained married until his death 35 years later. Edward VIII succeeded his father, George V, as King-Emperor of the British Empire on 20 January 1936. He was a bachelor, but for the previous few years he had often been accompanied at private social events by Wallis Simpson, the American wife of British shipping executive Ernest Aldrich Simpson. Ernest Simpson was Wallis’s second husband; her first marriage, to U.S. Navy pilot Win Spencer, had ended in divorce in 1927. During 1936, Wallis Simpson attended more official functions as the King’s guest and, despite her name appearing regularly in the Court Circular, the name of her husband was conspicuously absent. In the summer of that year, the King eschewed the traditional prolonged stay at Balmoral, opting instead to holiday with Simpson in the eastern Mediterranean on board the steam yacht Nahlin. The cruise was widely covered in the American and continental European press, but the British press maintained a self-imposed silence on the King’s trip. Nevertheless, Canadians and expatriate Britons, who had access to the foreign reports, were largely scandalised by the coverage.   By October, it was rumoured in high society and abroad that Edward intended to marry Simpson as soon as she was free to do so. At the end of that month, the crisis came to a head when she filed for divorce and the American press announced that marriage between her and the King was imminent.On 13 November, the King’s private secretary, Alec Hardinge, wrote to him, warning: “The silence in the British Press on the subject of Your Majesty’s friendship with Mrs Simpson is not going to be maintained… Judging by the letters from British subjects living in foreign countries where the Press has been outspoken, the effect will be calamitous.” Senior British ministers knew that Hardinge had written to the King and may have helped him draft the letter. The following Monday, 16 November, the King invited British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin to Buckingham Palace and informed him that he intended to marry Simpson. Baldwin informed the King that such a marriage would not be acceptable to the people, stating: “…the Queen becomes the Queen of the country. Therefore in the choice of a Queen the voice of the people must be heard.” Baldwin’s view was shared by the Australian High Commissioner in London, Stanley Bruce, who was a former Australian prime minister. On the same day that Hardinge wrote to the King, Bruce met Hardinge and the


"Jim Carrey played which character in the 2004 film ""Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind""?"

Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind ( 2004 ) R | When their relationship turns sour, a couple undergoes a procedure to have each other erased from their memories. But it is only through the process of loss that they discover what they had to begin with. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. ‘A Series of Unfortunate Events’: Barry Sonnenfeld Was Booted Off the Movie, and Now He’s Saved the Franchise 12 January 2017 8:45 AM, -08:00 | Indiewire Television a list of 47 titles created 20 Feb 2012 a list of 30 titles created 16 Apr 2012 a list of 45 titles created 31 Aug 2015 a list of 48 titles created 23 Nov 2015 a list of 37 titles created 9 months ago Title: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) 8.3/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    64 wins & 103 nominations. See more awards  » Videos An insurance salesman/adjuster discovers his entire life is actually a television show. Director: Peter Weir The drug-induced utopias of four Coney Island people are shattered when their addictions run deep. Director: Darren Aronofsky Amélie is an innocent and naive girl in Paris with her own sense of justice. She decides to help those around her and, along the way, discovers love. Director: Jean-Pierre Jeunet A sexually frustrated suburban father has a mid-life crisis after becoming infatuated with his daughter's best friend. Director: Sam Mendes A man juggles searching for his wife's murderer and keeping his short-term memory loss from being an obstacle. Director: Christopher Nolan An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. Director: David Fincher Two stage magicians engage in competitive one-upmanship in an attempt to create the ultimate stage illusion. Director: Christopher Nolan A former neo-nazi skinhead tries to prevent his younger brother from going down the same wrong path that he did. Director: Tony Kaye A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. Director: Milos Forman In a future British tyranny, a shadowy freedom fighter, known only by the alias of "V", plots to overthrow it with the help of a young woman. Director: James McTeigue     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X   In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. Director: Stanley Kubrick After John Nash , a brilliant but asocial mathematician, accepts secret work in cryptography, his life takes a turn for the nightmarish. Director: Ron Howard Edit Storyline A man, Joel Barish, heartbroken that his girlfriend Clementine underwent a procedure to erase him from her memory, decides to do the same. However, as he watches his memories of her fade away, he realizes that he still loves her, and may be too late to correct his mistake. Written by anonymous Our memories makes us who we are. You can't change the past. See more  » Genres: Rated R for language, some drug and sexual content | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 19 March 20


"Wordsworth was inspired to write ""Earth has not anything to show more fair"" by the view from which London bridge?"

Wordsworth’s Poetical Works “Composed upon Westminster Bridge” Summary and Analysis | GradeSaver Buy Study Guide In lines 1 through 8, which together compose a single sentence, the speaker describes what he sees as he stands on Westminster Bridge looking out at the city. He begins by saying that there is nothing "more fair" on Earth than the sight he sees, and that anyone who could pass the spot without stopping to look has a "dull" soul. The poem takes place in the "beauty of the morning," which lies like a blanket over the silent city. He then lists what he sees in the city and mentions that the city seems to have no pollution and lies "Open unto the fields, and to the sky." Earth has not anything to show more fair: Dull would he be of soul who could pass by A sight so touching in its majesty: This City now doth, like a garment, wear The beauty of the morning; silent, bare, Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie Open unto the fields, and to the sky; All bright and glittering in the smokeless air. In lines 9 through 14, the speaker tells the reader that the sun has never shone more beautifully, even on nature ("valley , rock, or hill"), and that he has never seen or felt such deep calm. He goes on to describe the way that the river (which he personifies) glides along at the slow pace it chooses. The poem ends with an exclamation, saying that "the houses seem asleep" and the heart of the city is still. Never did sun more beautifully steep In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill; Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep! The river glideth at his own sweet will: Dear God! the very houses seem asleep; And all that mighty heart is lying still! Analysis "Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802" is an Italian sonnet, written in iambic pentameter with ten syllables per line. The rhyme scheme of the poem is abbaabbacdcdcd. The poem was actually written about an experience that took place on July 31, 1802 during a trip to France with Wordsworth's sister, Dorothy Wordsworth . The poem begins with a rather shocking statement, especially for a Romantic poet: "Earth has not anything to show more fair." This statement is surprising because Wordsworth is not speaking of nature, but of the city. He goes on to list the beautiful man-made entities therein, such as "Ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples." In fact, nature's influence isn't described until the 7th line, when the speaker relates that the city is "open to the fields, and to the sky." While the city itself may not be a part of nature, it is certainly not in conflict with nature. This becomes even more clear in the next line, when the reader learns that the air is "smokeless" (free from pollution). Wordsworth continues to surprise his reader by saying that the sun has never shone more beautifully, even on natural things. He then personifies the scene, giving life to the sun, the river, the houses, and finally to the whole city, which has a symbolic heart. The reader imagines that the city's heart beats rapidly during the day, while everything and everyone in it is bustling about, but now, in the early morning hours, the city's heart is "lying still." By using personification in his poem, Wordsworth brings a kind of spirit to the city, which is usually seen as a simple construction of rock and metal.


Among NATO members, which is the only one with no standing army?

NATO - Topic: Member countries Member countries Last updated: 10 Mar. 2016 12:49 English Ukrainian At present, NATO has 28 members. In 1949, there were 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. The other member countries are: Greece and Turkey (1952), Germany (1955), Spain (1982), the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (2004), and Albania and Croatia (2009).   Highlights Provision for enlargement is given by Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty. Article 10 states that membership is open to any “European State in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area”. Any decision to invite a country to join the Alliance is taken by the North Atlantic Council, NATO’s principal political decision-making body, on the basis of consensus among all Allies. Currently, Montenegro has started accessions talks and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia¹ are aspiring members. More background information About member countries and their accession The founding members On 4 April 1949, the foreign ministers from 12 countries signed the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) at the Departmental Auditorium in Washington, D.C.: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. Within the following five months of the signing ceremony, the Treaty was ratified by the parliaments of the interested countries, sealing their membership. The 12 signatories Some of the foreign ministers who signed the Treaty were heavily involved in NATO’s work at a later stage in their careers: Belgium: M. Paul-Henri Spaak    (NATO Secretary General, 1957-1961); Canada: Mr Lester B. Pearson    (negotiated the Treaty and was one of the “Three Wise Men”, who drafted    the report on non-military cooperation in NATO, published in 1956 in the    wake of the Suez Crisis); Denmark: Mr Gustav Rasmussen; France: M. Robert Schuman    (architect of the European institutions, who also initiated the idea of a    European Defence Community); Iceland: Mr Bjarni    Benediktsson; Luxembourg: M. Joseph Bech; the Netherlands: Dr D.U.    Stikker (NATO Secretary General, 1961-1964); Norway: Mr Halvard M. Lange    (one of the “Three Wise Men”, who drafted the report on non-military    cooperation in NATO); Portugal: Dr Jose Caerio da    Matta; the United Kingdom: Mr Ernest    Bevin (main drive behind the creation of NATO and as Foreign Secretary    from 1945 to 1951, he attended the first formative meetings of the North    Atlantic Council); the United States: Mr Dean    Acheson (as US Secretary of State from 1949 to 1953, he attended and    chaired meetings of the North Atlantic Council).   Flexibility of NATO membership On signing the Treaty, countries voluntarily commit themselves to participating in the political consultations and military activities of the Organization. Although each and every signatory to the North Atlantic Treaty is subject to the obligations of the Treaty, there remains a certain degree of flexibility which allows members to choose how they participate. The memberships of Iceland and France, for instance, illustrate this point. Iceland When Iceland signed the Treaty in 1949, it did not have – and still does not have – armed forces. There is no legal impediment to forming them, but Iceland has chosen not to have any. However, Iceland has a Coast Guard, national police forces, an air defence system and a voluntary expeditionary peacekeeping force. Since 1951, Iceland has also benefitted from a long-standing bilateral defence agreement with the United States. In 2006, US forces were withdrawn but the defence agreement remains valid. Since 2008, air policing


In the 14th century, what name was given to Edward, eldest son of Edward III and father of Richard II?

Edward IV | king of England | Britannica.com king of England Alternative Title: Earl of March Edward IV Richard, 3rd duke of York Edward IV, also called (until 1459) Earl of March (born April 28, 1442, Rouen , Fr.—died April 9, 1483, Westminster, Eng.), king of England from 1461 until October 1470 and again from April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a leading participant in the Yorkist-Lancastrian conflict known as the Wars of the Roses . Edward IV, portrait by an unknown artist; in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London Edward was the eldest surviving son of Richard, duke of York , by Cicely, daughter of Ralph Neville, earl of Westmorland. His father was descended from two sons of the 14th-century king Edward III and, in the 1450s, led a revolt against Henry VI; in 1460, Richard’s supporters declared him Henry’s successor. When his father was killed in December of that year, Edward gathered an army in Wales and defeated Henry’s supporters (called Lancastrians because of Henry’s descent from John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster). Edward was crowned as King Edward IV in London on June 28, 1461. Edward’s struggle with Warwick. Edward at this time showed little promise. He owed his throne largely to his cousin Richard Neville , earl of Warwick , who was in the first years of Edward’s reign the most powerful man in England. Warwick crushed Lancastrian resistance in the far north of England between 1462 and 1464 and conducted England’s diplomacy. Edward, however, was winning many friends (especially in London) by his comeliness and charm and was determined to assert his independence. On May 1, 1464, he secretly married a young widow, Elizabeth Woodville , of no great rank, offending Warwick and other Yorkist nobles who were planning to marry him to a French princess. By showering favours on Elizabeth’s two sons by her first husband and on her five brothers and her seven sisters, Edward began to build up a group of magnates who would be a counterpoise to the Nevilles. Gradually Warwick lost all influence at court, and when he was negotiating an alliance with France , Edward humiliated him by revealing that he had already concluded an alliance (1467) with France’s enemy Burgundy . Edward’s sister Margaret was married in July 1468 with great pomp to Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy, and the brothers-in-law planned a joint invasion of France. United Kingdom: Edward IV (1461–70 and 1471–83) Warwick, in a countermove encouraged by Louis XI of France, seized Edward and made him a prisoner in July 1469. But Edward had by now too many supporters (especially in London) for him to be kept under tutelage for long. He regained his freedom in October; Warwick fled to France, allied himself with the Lancastrians and with Louis, and invaded England in September 1470. Britannica Stories EU Considers Rules For Robots Surprised, Edward fled with a few faithful supporters to the Netherlands in October. Aided by Charles of Burgundy, he and his brother, Richard, duke of Gloucester, returned to England in March 1471. Taking London, he defeated and killed Warwick at Barnet on April 14. On the same day, Queen Margaret (Henry VI’s wife) belatedly landed in Dorset from France with her only son, Edward, prince of Wales . Her advisers hoped to gain Lancastrian support in Wales, and it became a race for time between Edward IV’s forces and hers as to whether she could get there before he overtook her. At Tewkesbury , after some remarkable forced marches (one of more than 40 miles at a stretch), he caught up with her army on May 4. There he won another crushing victory. Nearly all the remaining Lancastrian leaders were killed on the field or executed afterward, and, after murdering Henry (May 21–22) and repelling an attack on London, Edward was secure for the remainder of his life. The second half of Edward’s reign. Structures of Government: Fact or Fiction? He was now able to revive the project of an invasion of France in concert with the Duke of Burgundy. He made great preparations in 1474 and obtained a


In which country were constitutional reforms initiated in 1954, resulting in a new constitution when Britain granted self-government in 1964?

Belize - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Belize "Under the Shade I Flourish" Anthem : Land of the Free 38/sq mi GDP  ( PPP ) (2008 est.) estimate  -  Total $2.574 billion [1]  ( 163rd )  -  Per capita $8,500 [1]  ( 74th ) GDP (nominal) 2008 estimate  -  Total $1.383 billion [1]    -  Per capita $4,407 [1]   HDI  (2007) ▲0.777 (medium) ( 88th ) Currency Belize dollar ( BZD ) Time zone central time ( UTC -6) Drives on the right Internet TLD .bz Calling code 501 1 These ranks are based on the 2007 figures. Belize (pronounced /bəˈliːz/ ), formerly British Honduras , is a country in Central America . Once part of the Mayan and Spanish Empires , it was most recently affiliated with the British Empire , prior to gaining its independence in 1981. The country is bordered to the north by Mexico , to the west by Guatemala , and to the east and south-east by the Caribbean . Belize has a diverse society, composed of many cultures and speaking many languages. It is the only country in Central America where English is the official language. Kriol and Spanish are also widely spoken. With 8,867 square miles (22,960 km²) of territory and 320,000 people (2008 est.), [2] the population density is the lowest in the Central American region and one of the lowest in the world . Belize is the least populous non-island nation outside of Europe. The country's population growth rate, 2.21% (2008 est.), [3] is the highest in the region and one of the highest in the western hemisphere . It remains a Commonwealth realm . Culturally, Belize considers itself to be both Caribbean and Central American. Contents Main article: History of Belize The origin of the name Belize is unclear, but one idea is that the name is from the Maya word belix, meaning "muddy water", applied to the Belize River . Before the arrival of Europeans, Belize was part of the territory of the Maya. The Mopan Maya were the original inhabitants of Belize. The Maya civilization spread itself over Belize beginning around 1500 BC and flourished until about AD 900. In the late classic period of Maya civilization (before A.D. 1000), as many as 400,000 people may have lived in the area that is now Belize. Some lowland Maya still occupied the area when Europeans arrived in the 1500s. Spanish colonists tried to settle the inland areas of Belize, but they abandoned these efforts following Maya rebellion against Spanish authority. English and Scottish buccaneers known as the Baymen first settled on the coast of Belize in 1638, seeking a sheltered region from which they could attack Spanish ships (see English settlement in Belize ). The settlers turned to cutting logwood during the 1700s. The wood yielded a fixing agent for clothing dyes that was vital to the European woolen industry. The Spanish granted the British settlers the right to occupy the area and cut logwood in exchange for an end to piracy. Historical accounts from the early 1700s note that Africans were brought to the settlement from Jamaica to work as slaves and cut timber. As early as 1800 Africans outnumbered Europeans by about four to one. By then the settlement's primary export had shifted from logwood to mahogany. For fear of provoking Spanish attack, the British government did not initially recognize the settlement in Belize as a colony. It allowed the settlers to establish their own laws and forms of government. During this time a few wealthy settlers gained control of the local legislature, known as the Public Meeting, as well as of most of the settlement's land and timber. The British first appointed a superintendent over the area in 1786. The Spanish, who claimed sovereignty over the whole of Central America, tried often to gain control by force over Belize, but they were not successful. Spain's last attack ended on 10 September, 1798, when the people of Belize decisively defeated a Spanish fleet at the Battle of St. George's Caye . The anniversary of the battle is now a national holiday in Belize. In the early 1800s the British sought greater control over the settlers, threatening to suspend the Public Meeting unless it


In American football how far is the longest ever successful field kick in yards?

Matt Prater Makes Longest Field Goal In NFL History Matt Prater Makes Longest Field Goal In NFL History Broncos placekicker Matt Prater broke the record for the longest NFL field goal ever when he successfully completed a 64-yard attempt before halftime against the Titans. Advertisement The thin air in Denver didn't hurt Prater's attempt, but the hold was perfect, and Prater's kick was accurate. It cut the Broncos' deficit to one as the clock expired for halftime. The previous long, since the NFL-AFL merger in 1970, was 63 yards. Four kickers had accomplished the feat: Tom Dempsey (1970), Jason Elam (1998), Sebastian Janikowski (2011), and David Akers (2012). Now, Prater stands alone.


Thiamine, niacine and riboflavin belong to which vitamin group?

Chapter 3. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid and biotin Chapter 3. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid and biotin The B-complex vitamins covered here are presented in Table 5 along with the biochemical and physiologic roles of the co-enzyme forms and a brief description of clinical deficiency symptoms. Table 5 Physiologic roles and deficiency signs of B-complex vitamins Vitamin Co-enzyme functions in metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids Beri-beri, polyneuritis, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Riboflavin (B2) Co-enzyme functions in numerous oxidation and reduction reactions Growth, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, and dermatitis Niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) Co-substrate/co-enzyme for hydrogen transfer with numerous dehydrogenases Pellagra with diarrhoea, dermatitis, and dementia Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal) Co-enzyme functions in metabolism of amino acids, glycogen, and sphingoid bases Naso-lateral seborrhoea, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy (epileptiform convulsions in infants) Pantothenic acid Constituent of co-enzyme A and phosphopantetheine involved in fatty acid metabolism Fatigue, sleep disturbances, impaired coordination, and nausea Biotin Co-enzyme functions in bicarbonate-dependent carboxylations Fatigue, depression, nausea, dermatitis, and muscular pains Rice and wheat are the staples for many populations of the world. Excessive refining and polishing of cereals removes considerable proportions of B vitamins contained in these cereals. Clinical manifestations of deficiency of some B vitamins - such as beri-beri (cardiac and dry), peripheral neuropathies, pellagra, and oral and genital lesions (related to riboflavin deficiency) - were once major public health problems in parts of the world. These manifestations have now declined, the decline being brought about not through programmes, which distribute synthetic vitamins but through changes in the patterns of food availability and consequent changes in dietary practices of the populations. Although these clinical manifestations of B-vitamin deficiencies have decreased, there is evidence of widespread sub-clinical deficiency of these vitamins (especially of riboflavin and pyridoxine). These sub-clinical deficiencies, although less dramatic in their manifestations, exert deleterious metabolic effects. Despite the progress in reduction of large-scale deficiency in the world, there are periodic reports of outbreaks of B-complex deficiencies, which are linked to deficits of B vitamins in populations under various distress conditions. Refugee and displaced population groups (20 million people by current United Nations estimates) are at risk for B-complex deficiency because most cereal foods used under emergency situations are not fortified with micronutrients (1). Recent reports have implicated the low B-complex content of diets as a factor in the outbreak of peripheral neuropathy and visual loss observed the adult population of Cuba (2-4). This deficiency in Cuba resulted from the consequences of an economic blockade (4). Because of the extensive literature pertaining to the study of the B-complex vitamins, the references cited here were selected from those published after the FAO/WHO handbook on human nutritional requirements was published in 1974 (5). Greater weight has been given to studies which used larger numbers of subjects over longer periods, more thoroughly assessed dietary intake, varied the level of the specific vitamin being investigated, and used multiple indicators, including those considered functional in the assessment of status. These indicators have been the main basis for ascertaining requirements. Although extensive, the bibliographic search of recently published reports presented in this chapter most likely underestimates the extent of B-complex deficiency considering that many cases are not reported in the medical literature. Moreover, outbreaks of vitamin deficiencies in populations are usually not publicised because governments may conside


What word is used to describe an illegal hunt of game or fish?

Poaching | Define Poaching at Dictionary.com poaching noun 1. the illegal practice of trespassing on another's property to hunt or steal game without the landowner's permission. 2. any encroachment on another's property, rights, ideas, or the like. Origin of poaching 1605-15; poach 1 + -ing 1 Related forms to trespass, especially on another's game preserve, in order to steal animals or to hunt. 2. to take game or fish illegally. 3. (of land) to become broken up or slushy by being trampled. 4. (in tennis, squash, handball, etc.) to play a ball hit into the territory of one's partner that is properly the partner's ball to play. 5. Informal. to cheat in a game or contest. verb (used with object) to trespass on (private property), especially in order to hunt or fish. 7. to steal (game or fish) from another's property. 8. to take without permission and use as one's own: to poach ideas; a staff poached from other companies. 9. to break or tear up by trampling. 10. to mix with water and reduce to a uniform consistency, as clay. Origin 1520-30; earlier: to shove, thrust < Middle French pocher to gouge < Germanic; akin to poke 1 Related forms verb (used with object) 1. to cook (eggs, fish, fruits, etc.) in a hot liquid that is kept just below the boiling point. Origin Expand 1350-1400; Middle English poche < Middle French pocher literally, to bag (the yolk inside the white), derivative of poche bag (French poche pocket) < Middle Dutch poke poke 2 Related forms Examples from the Web for poaching Expand Against All Odds, Can Sarkozy Pull Out an Election Win vs. Hollande? Tracy McNicoll May 3, 2012 “We are reaching a point where deaths from poaching and natural mortality are overtaking the birth rate,” Cathy Dean said. Borana Joins the Fight to Save Kenya’s Rhinos…and Wants You to Help Too Joanna Eede February 17, 2014 Historical Examples They pretend there's a right of way along the cliffs, and it's nothing on earth but an excuse for poaching. The Birthright Joseph Hocking This was poaching on his own ground, for he set himself up to be the match of any number in the land. Wives and Daughters Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell British Dictionary definitions for poaching Expand to catch (game, fish, etc) illegally by trespassing on private property 2. to encroach on or usurp (another person's rights, duties, etc) or steal (an idea, employee, etc) 3. (tennis, badminton) to take or play (shots that should belong to one's partner) 4. to break up (land) into wet muddy patches, as by riding over it, or (of land) to become broken up in this way 5. (intransitive) (of the feet, shoes, etc) to sink into heavy wet ground Word Origin C17: from Old French pocher, of Germanic origin; compare Middle Dutch poken to prod; see poke1 poach2 to simmer (eggs, fish, etc) very gently in water, milk, stock, etc Word Origin C15: from Old French pochier to enclose in a bag (as the yolks are enclosed by the whites); compare poke² Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for poaching Expand poach v. "steal game," 1520s, "to push, poke," from Middle French pocher "to thrust, poke," from Old French pochier "poke out, gouge, prod, jab," from a Germanic source (cf. Middle High German puchen "to pound, beat, knock," German pochen, Middle Dutch boken "to beat") related to poke (v.). Sense of "trespass for the sake of stealing" is first attested 1610s, perhaps via notion of "thrusting" oneself onto another's property, or perhaps from French pocher "to pocket" (see poach (v.2)). Related: Poached; poaching. "cook in liquid," early 15c., from Old French poché, past participle of pochier (12c.), literally "put into a pocket" (as the white of an egg forms a pocket for the yolk), from poche "bag, pocket," from Frankish *pokka "bag," from Proto-Germanic *puk- (see poke (n.)). Related: Poached; poaching. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Fear of Being Buried Alive Phobia – Taphophobia You are here: Home / Phobias / Fear of Being Buried Alive Phobia – Taphophobia Fear of Being Buried Alive Phobia – Taphophobia Taphophobia (or Taphephobia) is the irrational fear of being buried alive. It is closely related to other phobias such as: fear of death (Thanatophobia), fear of tombstones (Placophobia), fear of cemeteries (coimetrophobia), fear of tight and enclosed spaces (Claustrophobia) etc. The word Taphophobia originates from Greek taphos meaning “tombs or graves” and phobos which stands for “deep dread or fear”. Among the many celebrities and famous people suffering from this phobia, poet Edgar Allen Poe, George Washington, Composer F. Chopin and writer Hans Christian Anderson are the well known ones. It is believed that Poe was so obsessed with this fear, that he often used it as a topic of his books (The Premature Burial and The Cask of Amontillado as well as The Fall Of House of Usher etc). Causes of Taphophobia Throughout history, there are several hundred documented cases of people mistaken to be dead and buried alive, more due to the lack of availability of modern medicines and equipment. Often people in coma (or those suffering from diseases like cholera etc) had no pulse or had simply passed out and were buried alive. Some of these would wake up on the dissection or mortician’s table while still others would be discovered upon opening the family tomb. Hence the fear of graves or the fear of being buried alive was more predominant in the late 19th and early 20th century and it was no wonder that many tombs and graves were actually provided with bells to help detect such “mistakes”. This even led to the famous phrase “Saved by the Bell’. Other more modern techniques provided to help the “presumed dead person” alert outsiders included the addition of air pipes, oxygen tanks and glass doors inside coffins. Death is as such very frightening. It is unknown and unexplored. No one knows what awaits us in the afterlife. Therefore, people already suffering from anxieties or depression are more prone to developing Taphophobia. Miners who have had a negative experience of being trapped hundreds of feet below the earth could also develop this phobia. Other negative or traumatic events like being buried in sand on the beach for fun and left for hours could cause the fear of being buried alive phobia. Parents or other adults can unknowingly instill this fear in children by talking about it to the point that is develops genuine phobic response in the listener. As stated above, many books, movies, TV shows have explored this topic. People already having the fear of closed and restricted spaces might also suffer from Taphophobia. Symptoms of fear of being buried alive The thought of being buried alive produces several physical and emotional symptoms in the sufferer including: Breathing hard, having elevated heart beat, shaking, sweating profusely etc. Avoidance behavior is another symptom: the phobic avoids closed spaces such as basements, caves or other underground spaces. One might also refuse to visit cemeteries, or tombstones. The phobic might have a full blown panic attack such as crying, screaming or having the intense desire to flee etc. Some who could afford it tend to make elaborate arrangements for their funerals in their will including placing air pipes, oxygen tanks, heart stimulators and so on in the coffins. Many ask not to be buried for at least 3 days after their passing away. Most ‘normal’ people would not understand what the Taphophobe goes through and this often leads to teasing or bullying, to the point that the phobic becomes socially withdrawn. Constant movie-like images might play through his mind about death and dying. The phobia could get so severe at a point that it might need medical intervention. Treating the fear of graves phobia If the phobia is severely affecting one’s day-today life, it is best to seek professional help for it. This includes talk therapy, psychiatric counseling and Hypnotherapy etc. Hypnosis and NLP or Neuro-Linguistic


Who was the leader of the Peasant's Revolt in England in 1381?

Peasants Revolt - History Learning Site History Learning Site   historylearningsite.co.uk . The History Learning Site , 5 Mar 2015. 20 Oct 2016. Medieval England experienced few revolts but the most serious was the Peasants’ Revolt which took place in June 1381. A violent system of punishments for offenders was usually enough to put off peasants from causing trouble. Most areas in England also had castles in which soldiers were garrisoned, and these were usually enough to guarantee reasonable behaviour among medieval peasants. An army of peasants from Kent and Essex marched on London. They did something no-one had done before or since – they captured the Tower of London. The Archbishop of Canterbury and the King’s Treasurer were killed. The king, Richard II, was only 14 at the time but despite his youth, he agreed to meet the peasants at a place called Mile End. What were the peasants angry about and why had they come to London ? 1. After the Black Death , many manors were left short of workers. To encourage those who had survived to stay on their manor, many lords had given the peasants on their estates their freedom and paid them to work on their land. Now, nearly 35 years after the Black Death, many peasants feared that the lords would take back these privileges and they were prepared to fight for them. 2. Many peasants had to work for free on church land, sometimes up to two days in the week. This meant that they could not work on their own land which made it difficult to grow enough food for their families. Peasants wanted to be free of this burden that made the church rich but them poor. They were supported in what they wanted by a priest called John Ball from Kent. 3. There had been a long war with France. Wars cost money and that money usually came from the peasants through the taxes that they paid. In 1380, Richard II introduced a new tax called the Poll Tax. This made everyone who was on the tax register pay 5p. It was the third time in four years that such a tax had been used. By 1381, the peasants had had enough. 5p to them was a great deal of money. If they could not pay in cash, they could pay in kind, such as seeds, tools etc., anything that could be vital to survival in the coming year. In May 1381, a tax collector arrived at the Essex village of Fobbing to find out why the people there had not paid their poll tax. He was thrown out by the villagers. In June, soldiers arrived to establish law and order. They too were thrown out as the villagers of Fobbing had now organised themselves and many other local villages in Essex had joined them. After doing this, the villagers marched on London to plead with the young king to hear their complaints. One man had emerged as the leader of the peasants – Wat Tyler from Kent. As the peasants from Kent had marched to London, they had destroyed tax records and tax registers. The buildings which housed government records were burned down. They got into the city of London because the people there had opened the gates to them. By mid-June the discipline of the peasants was starting to go. Many got drunk in London and looting took place. It is known that foreigners were murdered by the peasants. Wat Tyler had asked for discipline amongst those who looked up to him as their leader. He did not get it. On June 14th, the king met the rebels at Mile End. At this meeting, Richard II gave the peasants all that they asked for and asked that they go home in peace. Some did. Others returned to the city and murdered the archbishop and Treasurer – their heads were cut off on Tower Hill by the Tower of London. Richard II spent the night in hiding in fear of his life. On June 15th, he met the rebels again at Smithfield outside of the city’s walls. It is said that this was the idea of the Lord Mayor (Sir William Walworthe) who wanted to get the rebels out of the city. Medieval London was wooden and the streets were cramped. Any attempt to put down the rebels in the city could have ended in a fire or the rebels would have found it easy to vanish into the city once they knew that soldiers w


Besides being a composer, philosopher, poet, artist and printmaker, John Cage was a leading authority on what?

John Cage | Open Access articles | Open Access journals | Conference Proceedings | Editors | Authors | Reviewers | scientific events Life 1912–31: Early years Cage was born September 5, 1912, at Good Samaritan Hospital in downtown Los Angeles. [12] His father, John Milton Cage, Sr. (1886–1964), was an inventor, and his mother, Lucretia ("Crete") Harvey (1885–1969), worked intermittently as a journalist for the Los Angeles Times . [13] The family's roots were deeply American: in a 1976 interview, Cage mentioned that George Washington was assisted by an ancestor named John Cage in the task of surveying the Colony of Virginia . [14] Cage described his mother as a woman with "a sense of society" who was "never happy", [15] while his father is perhaps best characterized by his inventions: sometimes idealistic, such as a diesel-fueled submarine that gave off exhaust bubbles, the senior Cage being uninterested in an undetectable submarine; [13] others revolutionary and against the scientific norms, such as the "electrostatic field theory" of the universe. [n 1] John Milton Sr. taught his son that "if someone says 'can't' that shows you what to do." In 1944–45 Cage wrote two small character pieces dedicated to his parents: Crete and Dad. The latter is a short lively piece that ends abruptly, while "Crete" is a slightly longer, mostly melodic contrapuntal work. [16] Cage's first experiences with music were from private piano teachers in the Greater Los Angeles area and several relatives, particularly his aunt Phoebe Harvey James who introduced him to the piano music of the 19th century. He received first piano lessons when he was in the fourth grade at school, but although he liked music, he expressed more interest in sight reading than in developing virtuoso piano technique, and apparently was not thinking of composition. [17] During high school, one of his music teachers was Fannie Charles Dillon . [18] By 1928, though, Cage was convinced that he wanted to be a writer. He graduated that year from Los Angeles High School as a valedictorian , [19] having also in the spring given a prize-winning speech at the Hollywood Bowl proposing a day of quiet for all Americans. "By being hushed and silent, he said, 'we should have the opportunity to hear what other people think'," anticipating 4'33" by more than thirty years. Cage enrolled at Pomona College in Claremont as a theology major in 1928. Often crossing disciplines again, though, he encountered at Pomona the work of artist Marcel Duchamp via professor José Pijoan, of writer James Joyce via Don Sample, of philosopher Ananda Coomaraswamy and of Cowell. [18] In 1930 he dropped out, having come to believe that "college was of no use to a writer" [20] after an incident described in the 1991 autobiographical statement: I was shocked at college to see one hundred of my classmates in the library all reading copies of the same book. Instead of doing as they did, I went into the stacks and read the first book written by an author whose name began with Z. I received the highest grade in the class. That convinced me that the institution was not being run correctly. I left. [15] Cage persuaded his parents that a trip to Europe would be more beneficial to a future writer than college studies. [21] He subsequently hitchhiked to Galveston and sailed to Le Havre , where he took a train to Paris. [22] Cage stayed in Europe for some 18 months, trying his hand at various forms of art. First he studied Gothic and Greek architecture , but decided he was not interested enough in architecture to dedicate his life to it. [20] He then took up painting, poetry and music. It was in Europe that, encouraged by his teacher Lazare Levy , [23] he first heard the music of contemporary composers (such as Igor Stravinsky and Paul Hindemith ) and finally got to know the music of Johann Sebastian Bach , which he had not experienced before. After several months in Paris, Cage's enthusiasm for America was revived after he read Walt Whitman 's Leaves of Grass – he wanted to return immediately, but his parents, with whom h


What is the name of the leather ring that a scout uses to hold his scarf together?

Boy Scout Neckerchiefs | Scoutmastercg.com Home » Gear » Boy Scout Neckerchiefs Boy Scout Neckerchiefs By Clarke Green Boy Scout neckerchiefs have been with us since Baden Powell published Scouting for Boys : The Scout Uniform is very like the uniform worn by my men when I commanded the South African Constabulary. They knew what was comfortable, serviceable, and a good protection against the weather. So Scouts have much the same uniform. … … the scarf or neckerchief which is folded into a triangle with the point at the back of the neck. Every Troop has its own scarf color, and since the honor of your Troop is bound up in the scarf, you must be very careful to keep it clean and tidy. It is fastened at the throat by a knot, or “woggle”, which is some form of ring made of cord, metal, or bone, or anything you like. The scarf protects your neck from sunburn and serves many purposes, such as for a bandage or as an emergency rope. Love them or leave them neckerchiefs identify scouts as scouts the world over. Scout Neckerchief resources at inquiry.net: Necessary Neckerchief  The Neckerchief is the thing by which Scouting is most quickly recognized the world over. How to make a Traditional (square) Neckerchief  Ever wonder why your Troop doesn’t look like a Norman Rockwell painting? One reason is the design of the Scout Neckerchief.  In the 1970s, the Neckerchief was relegated to its current position as an under-the-collar fashion accessory.   Baden-Powell designed the Neckerchief to protect the neck from sunburn, but even more important than this intended function was B-P’s eye as an artist.  Around the world, a full-sized Neckerchief is the most striking aspect of the Scout Uniform!  The size of a Traditional Boy Scout Neckerchief is a square 32″ X 32,” and it is worn over the collar. Scouting with a Neckerchief (1927) … the Scout Uniform has been brightened by the addition of the colorful Scout kerchief, which is now regarded as an indispensable article of equipment for every member of the Boy Scouts of America. It is more than a part of the Scout Uniform; it is actually one of the most useful items of a Scout’s equipment. The Neckerchief as a reminder of the Scout Oath and Law (from uscouts.org ) My first Scoutmaster taught the importance of the Scout Oath and Law using the Neckerchief. He would hold the open neckerchief in his hands and remind the young scouts of what the last item of clothing they put on when they were getting dressed for the meeting was, his neckerchief. He said that it was no coincidence that the neckerchief had 3 sides, just like the three parts of the       Scout oath. He would run a side through his fingers and say “On my honor, I’ll do my best. To do my duty to God” The first and longest side is to remind you of your long standing duty to God. This whole side is hidden from view, just as your faith is deep inside you. But with out that faith, there is no strength for the rest. Holding on to the neckerchief by the point he would run the next side through his fingers and say “To help other people at all times….” This shorter side is to remind you of your duty to help others. Remember it is some of this duty that shows to others, just like part of this side of your neckerchief      shows. So do your duty to others well so that people might see the good work you do in the name of Scouting. The last side also shows. He would say “To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake and morally straight.” This last side is your duty to your self. This shows to others as well. They will know that by seeing your uniform, you are a young  man who is physically fit. Has a strong moral foundation and who is not apt to fall into the temptations of drugs and alcohol. He would then say that this was a means by which we could remember the Scout Oath, every time we got dressed in uniform. He also gave us a means by which to remember the Scout Law. While wrapping the neckerchief up for wear, he said to wrap it tight in small twists, 12 in fact. And to repeat the 12 points of the Scout Law as you did so. Then as you place


In 1921 Sir Arnold Lunn organised the first British national ski championship which included, as well as jumping and cross-country, a speed version of what other style?

Category:History - WikiSki Category:History Jump to: navigation , search This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article " History of skiing ". Skiing or traveling over snow on wooden runners, has a recorded history of almost five millennia. Contents 4 References Ancient history The first hints to the existence of skis are on 26th century BC|4500 to 5000 year old rock drawings, e.g. at Rødøy in Norway, which depict a man on skis holding a stick. There are also remains of skis in bogs, with the oldest ski found in Hoting, Sweden, which is about 4500 years old. The earliest people to ski in Fennoscandia were propably the distant ancestors of modern day Samis. In old historic recordings there are mentionings of people called Skrithifinns or "skiing Finns". However it is not sure who the Skrithifinns were. The word ski goes back to the Old Norse word skíð meaning "a stick of wood". This word is now used in most languages in the world. Languages like English and French use the original spelling "ski", and modify the pronunciation. Languages like Italian pronounce it exactly as in Norwegian ("shee"), and modify the spelling: "sci". German and Spanish adapt the word to their linguistic rules; "Schier" and "esquís". Interestingly, many languages make a verb out of it, such as "to ski" in English or "sciare" in Italian, which is not possible in Norwegian. In Swedish, a close relation to Norwegian, the word is "skidor" (pl.). However Finnish language has its own ancient words for skis and skiing. In Finnish ski is suksi and skiing is hiihtää. Other history sources have it that skiing in Iran dates back to 2000 BC, when ancient tribes are believed to have devised a ski board made from animal hide. Invention There are six possible roots from which skis might have developed: The pedal snowshoe, which was an oval wooden board later on covered with fur. The sledge runner, which seems to be a very obvious model for the ski. The fur shoe, which was a combination of moccasins and sandals and worn together with pedal snowshoes. The marsh shoe, later was taken to colder regions. The canoe or the coracle, both used in northern regions from very early on. Having been used as sledges, small ones might have served as proto-skis. Spontaneous invention. Early Skis Different types of skis have emerged at various regions at about the same time. One suggested original inventors of skis seem to be the people of the Sajan-Altaic Mountains in Asia. This is not verified. Also skis may have been used in Europe during and after the ice age. All in all there are three different types of skis in the North of Europe and Asia: The Southern type has a horizontal toe-piece binding. One can distinguish the Fennoscandian type and the Russo-Baltic type. Modern ski bindings are based on the Fennoscandian model of the 19th century. The bindings of Telemark skiing|Telemark ski were developed from this type. Eastern Siberian type is a thin board with a vertical four-hole binding. Sometimes it is covered with fur. There is still another type. It has a horizontal stem-hole binding. One can distinguish between the types used by Lapps (and some other Fenno-ugrics) and a type used in Central and Northern Siberia. Cross-country skis were developed from the type used by the Lapps. Ski Poles Ski poles go back to two roots: The walking stick was used to keep balance. The ski pole developed from a spear or a bow to which a basket was added at one end. Double poles were used to reach a higher speed on skis. Modern history of skiing Pioneer Sondre Norheim, from Morgedal in Telemark, has often been called the father of modern skiing for inventing the equipment and techniques that led to modern skiing as we see it today. Having grown up in the farmlands of Norwegian Telemark, Norheim invented a “birch” binding that enabled skiers to ski without the risk of losing their skis. Then, in 1870, Norheim introduced a short, curved, flexible ski he crafted in order to allow for easy turning in soft snow. Norheim, at the age


What is one of the main ingredients of marzipan, besides egg whites and sugar?

What Ingredients Are in Marzipan? | LIVESTRONG.COM What Ingredients Are in Marzipan? by INGRID SMITH Last Updated: Dec 28, 2015 Ingrid Smith Ingrid Smith started her medical research in 1993 and had her first contribution to medical writing in 1996 for "The New England Journal of Medicine." She holds a Bachelor of Arts in international relations from Stanford University and a medical degree from New York University School of Medicine. Marzipan cookies on a Provencal place setting. Photo Credit Anna Pustynnikova/iStock/Getty Images Overview Marzipan is a thick almond paste. The consistency of marzipan is like that of modeling clay or soft rubber, making it an ideal confection for molding, rolling and shaping. Marzipan can be used as a baking ingredient. More commonly, however, marzipan is a confection used on its own to create shapes and molded forms for edible decorations. Marzipan can also be rolled out in a thin sheet to form a uniform layer of icing for cakes. Sugar and Almonds The main ingredients of marzipan are sugar and ground almonds. The sugar can be confectioners' sugar or granulated sugar, or sometimes a combination of the two. The almonds are finely ground into a powder. A typical recipe for marzipan calls for near-equal amounts of sugar and ground almonds. According to MarzipanCakes.com, the best marzipan should have an almond content of at least 22 percent. Binding Agent In order to make the marzipan form a thick paste, some liquid is needed to act as a binder. For this, different recipes may use a combination of egg whites, water and corn syrup. Egg whites add liquid and also help to stiffen the paste. Some recipes will use egg yolk as well, which gives a deeper color and flavor to the marzipan. Extras The last ingredients of marzipan are not found in all marzipan recipes. For extra flavor, some marzipan recipes call for added vanilla extract and lemon juice. For color, some recipes will add food coloring to the marzipan. Related Searches Lose Weight. Feel Great Change your life with MyPlate by LIVESTRONG.COM GOAL Gain 2 pounds per week Gain 1.5 pounds per week Gain 1 pound per week Gain 0.5 pound per week Maintain my current weight Lose 0.5 pound per week Lose 1 pound per week Lose 1.5 pounds per week Lose 2 pounds per week GENDER


What tool contains a bubble to show accurate horizontal and vertical settings?

Bubble Level - Android Apps on Google Play Bubble Level ( 83,100) Description A bubble level, spirit level or simply a spirit is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb). Bubble Level app is handy, accurate, simple to use and incredibly useful tool for your Android device. A traditional modern level meter has a slightly curved glass tube which is incompletely filled with a liquid, usually a colored spirit or alcohol, leaving a bubble in the tube. At slight inclinations the bubble travels away from the center position, which is usually marked. Bubble Level app tries to mimic the real level meter and displays the data as real level meter would. Bubble Level app also features a bull's eye level meter which is a circular, flat-bottomed device with the liquid under a slightly convex glass face with a circle at the center. It serves to level a surface across a plane, while the tubular level only does so in the direction of the tube. Bubble Level app tries to mimic the real bull's eye level and displays the data as real bull's eye level meter would. Where can you use Bubble Level? A bubble level is usually used in construction, carpentry and photography to determine if objects on which you're working on are level. Used properly, a bubble level can help you create flawlessly leveled pieces of furniture, help you when hanging paintings or other items on the wall, level billiard table, level table tennis table, set up a tripod for photographs and much more. It’s a must have device for any home or apartment. Your device should already be calibrated by the manufacturer. In case you believe it is wrongly calibrated you can recalibrate your device by opening calibration, placing your device screen facing up on a perfectly leveled surface (like the floor of your room) and press SET. Press RESET to return to your device default factory calibration. ► Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/gammaplay/ ► Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/GammaPlay Read more 1 864 Jack Henry So far so good. Just downloaded and I already like the simplicity of having immediate access to the most commonly used levels. I was only after a bullseye level but I can see this app will be very handy when I'm too far away from the toolbox. I'd be happy to pay to get rid of the advertising banner though. Can't stand those things. Well done dev Gunny Sharp Useful No it's not a high end level with lasers and so on. It is handy and can solve a dispute or two. You can have a problem if your phone has a cover that's not flat but if your smart you can work around that too! Everyone keeps their phone with them so the more helpful apps on it the better. This one's pretty accurate and handy at times. Surendra Gupta Good so far Just downloaded the app. It is a small file so I was able to download and use within 20-30 seconds. THAT was incredibly helpful as you usually need an app like this asap during a job. So far, I found it to be very accurate when framing a wall and in leveling and plumbing a doorway. I'd give it an additional star, but since I just started using it I have to wait. Mat Hamel Great app! Extremely accurate! I love this app, great for jobsites. Tools constantly come up missing especially levels. It's so bad that I only buy them at the 99cent store nowadays, but thanks to this app I don't have to worry about it! I even verified it with a bubble level and a laser level to be 99.9% accurate. A must have for any contractor or sub-contractor! Norman Johnson Like this, and would like it more ... Newly downloaded; would buy the PRO version if sounds indicated when we're 'spot on'! Watching bubbles and x/y numbers is a challenge (like a game)! Having sounds would be great: choose from a set of tones and sound form (beeps, etc)--until it becomes one solid tone at x=0,y=0! That speeds the process and increases accuracy. We'd REALLY be excited about the result and the phenomenal tool. AND if it checked for updates & shutdown when unused or turned off, sparing the battery. John Tancock A Bubble "On" When


Grenada Map / Geography of Grenada / Map of Grenada - Worldatlas.com Print this map On his third voyage to the New World in 1498, Columbus sailed by Grenada (the island) and named it Concepcion. It now has a population of 109,590 and celebrates their national day on February 7th.  The British attempted a small settlement in 1609, but it was the French that successfully battled the indigenous cannibalistic Carib Indians, finally driving them off the island in 1651. The French named their new conquest La Grenade, and established a capital known as Fort Royal (now St. George's), and for many decades is prospered as a French colony, with sugar its primary export. As part of the '1763 Treaty of Paris' that ended the Seven Years' War in Europe , the British took control of the island from the French in 1763. Like all of the British colonies and possessions in the Caribbean , African slavery and civil rights were also on-going hot-button issues in Grenada. Military and political struggles continued here for nearly two centuries, with Grenada finally becoming an independent country in 1974. Then, in 1983, Grenada was seized by a Marxist military group. This action facilitated an invasion by U.S. forces and those of six other Caribbean nations; they captured the ringleaders and hundreds of Cuban advisers and free elections were re-established the following year. On September 7, 2004, after being hurricane-free for forty-nine years, the island received a direct hit from Hurricane Ivan; the damage was catastrophic, with over 90 percent of Grenada's homes either damaged or destroyed. The country's determined citizens, government actions and international financing brought the island back to life, and by the end of 2005, Grenada was back in business, including tourism facilities. The modern country of Grenada includes the large island of Grenada, and a few smaller islands on the southern edge of the Grenadines, with Carriacou and Petit Martinique the most significant. Volcanic in origin, Grenada is dominated by a central ridge of mountains, all covered with lush rainforests. The island is blessed with numerous bays and harbors, and some of the best beaches in the Caribbean. Once famed only for its indigenous spices (namely mace and nutmeg), Grenada's modern focus is tourism, and the islands are deservedly garnering the attention of the travel industry once again. See Also


Who principally studied transplant rejection and immunosuppression after World War II, which led him to perform the first kidney transplant in the UK on 30 October 1960?

Michael Woodruff : definition of Michael Woodruff and synonyms of Michael Woodruff (English) University of Melbourne Sir Michael Francis Addison Woodruff, FRS , FRCS (3 April 1911 – 10 March 2001) was an English surgeon and scientist principally remembered for his research into organ transplantation . Though born in London , Woodruff spent his youth in Australia , where he earned degrees in electrical engineering and medicine . Having completed his studies shortly after the outbreak of World War II , he joined the Australian Army Medical Corps , but was soon captured by Japanese forces and imprisoned in the Changi Prison Camp . While there, he devised an ingenious method of extracting nutrients from agricultural wastes to prevent malnutrition among his fellow POWs . At the conclusion of the war, Woodruff returned to England and began a long career as an academic surgeon, mixing clinical work and research . Woodruff principally studied transplant rejection and immunosuppression . His work in these areas of transplantation biology, led Woodruff to perform the first kidney transplant in the United Kingdom , on 30 October 1960. For this and his other scientific contributions, Woodruff was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1968 and made a Knight Bachelor in 1969. Although retiring from surgical work in 1976, he remained an active figure in the scientific community, researching cancer and serving on the boards of various medical and scientific organizations. He died on 10 March 2001, at the age of 89. Contents 7 References   Early life Michael Woodruff was born on 3 April 1911 in Mill Hill , London , England . [2] In 1913, his father, Harold Woodruff, a professor of veterinary medicine at the Royal Veterinary College in London, moved the family to Australia so he could take up the post of Professor of Veterinary Pathology and Director of the Veterinary Institute at the University of Melbourne. The elder Woodruff later became the Professor of Bacteriology. [2] The family's new life in Australia was interrupted by World War I , which prompted Harold to enlist in the armed services. He became an officer in the Australian Army Veterinary Corps and was sent to Egypt . [2] The remainder of the Woodruffs returned to London, and the two boys lived with their mother and paternal grandmother in the latter's residence in Finchley . However, Michael and his brother went back to Australia in 1917 after their mother, Margaret, died of a staphylococcal septicaemia . The two then spent a short time under the care of an aunt before being rejoined by their father in 1917. [2] [3] In 1919, Harold remarried and his new wife raised the children from his first marriage. The two boys did their early schooling at Trinity Grammar School in Melbourne. From then on he spent all of his youth in Australia except for a year in Europe in 1924 when his father went on sabbatical leave at Paris 's Pasteur Institute . During this time, Woodruff and his brother boarded at Queen's College in Taunton , Somerset on the south coast of England. The headmaster at the school derogatorily regarded Australians as "colonials" who were "backward" and put Woodruff in a year level one year lower than appropriate. [4] Upon returning to Australia, Woodruff attended the private Methodist Wesley College , where he enjoyed mathematics and rowing . [4] He won a government scholarship to the University of Melbourne and Queen's College , a university residential college. [4] Woodruff studied electrical engineering and mathematics , receiving some instruction from the influential physicist Harrie Massey , then a tutor. [2] Despite success in engineering, Woodruff decided that he would have weak prospects as an engineer in Australia because of the Great Depression . [1] He decided to take up medical studies at the end of his third year of undergraduate study, but his parents wanted him to finish his degree first. Despite his fears regarding his ability to succeed as an engineer, Woodruff placed first in his graduating class with first-class honours. He also completed two years