At what ground was the first replay of a Wembley F.A. Cup final played?

FA Cup Final 1970 : Chelsea - Leeds United (Replay) Full Match - 1.half - YouTube FA Cup Final 1970 : Chelsea - Leeds United (Replay) Full Match - 1.half Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Oct 9, 2015 Chelsea 2-1 Leeds United (1969-70 FA Cup Final Replay) 29 April 1970 Goals : Osgood 78',Webb 104',Jones 35' Old Trafford, Manchester Chelsea : Peter Bonetti,Ron Harris (c),Eddie McCreadie,John Hollins,John Dempsey,David Webb,Tommy Baldwin,Charlie Cooke,Peter Osgood,Ian Hutchinson,Peter Houseman Substitutes : Marvin Hinton Leeds United : David Harvey,Paul Madeley,Terry Cooper,Billy Bremner (c),Jack Charlton,Norman Hunter,Peter Lorimer,Allan Clarke,Mick Jones,Johnny Giles,Eddie Gray Substitutes : Mick Bates Manager : Don Revie The 1970 FA Cup Final Replay between Chelsea and Leeds United took place at Old Trafford, Manchester, the first final at Wembley having resulted in a 2-2 draw. It was the only time between 1923 and 2000 that an FA Cup Final was played at a stadium other than Wembley, and the first FA Cup Final replay since 1912. The Chelsea line-up was unchanged from the first game, while the only change to the Leeds side was goalkeeper David Harvey replacing Gary Sprake. Chelsea would win the match 2-1 after extra time, securing the club's first FA Cup title in their third appearance in a final. The match was watched by a television audience of over 28 million, a record for an FA Cup final, and as of 2011 remains the second largest audience for a sport broadcast in British history, after the 1966 World Cup Final, and the sixth largest audience for any broadcast. The highly anticipated replay became one of the most notorious matches in English football. Modern day referee David Elleray "replayed" the match years later, and concluded that the sides should have received six red cards and twenty yellow cards between them. Not long into the match, Ron Harris caught Eddie Gray with a kick to the back of the knee, an action which virtually immobilised the Scot. Charlton kneed and headbutted Peter Osgood and Chelsea's goalkeeper Peter Bonetti was injured after being bundled into the net by Leeds' Mick Jones, who minutes later rounded the limping, immobile Bonetti and scored the opener. Norman Hunter and Ian Hutchinson traded punches, Eddie McCreadie poleaxed Billy Bremner with a kung fu-esque challenge, and Johnny Giles lunged at opposition players. As with the first final, Leeds dominated for periods of play but the Londoners again refused to be beaten. Chelsea's equaliser eventually came after a flowing move from which Osgood scored with a diving header from a Charlie Cooke cross. Charlton should have been marking Osgood, but had 'lost' him, whilst chasing Hutchinson to exact retribution for a deadleg administered in the Chelsea penalty area a minute or so earlier. In scoring, Osgood became the last player to date to have scored in every round of the FA Cup. With the game at 1-1 in extra time, Hutchinson sent in a long throw-in which missed almost every player in the penalty area, but came off Charlton's head and looped towards the far post, before being put into the unguarded net by David Webb to give the Londoners the lead for the first time in the tie. Chelsea kept the lead to secure their first FA Cup win. Category


In what country is the Roman ampitheatre of El Jid of Thysdrus?

Amphitheatre of El Jem - UNESCO World Heritage Centre Amphitheatre of El Jem Indicators Amphitheatre of El Jem The impressive ruins of the largest colosseum in North Africa, a huge amphitheatre which could hold up to 35,000 spectators, are found in the small village of El Jem. This 3rd-century monument illustrates the grandeur and extent of Imperial Rome. Amphithéâtre d'El Jem Dans la petite bourgade d'El Jem s'élèvent les ruines impressionnantes du plus grand colisée d'Afrique du Nord, immense amphithéâtre où pouvaient prendre place 35 000 spectateurs. Cette construction du IIIe siècle illustre l'extension et la grandeur de l'Empire romain. مدرّج الجم الروماني ترتفع في مدينة الجم الصغيرة الآثار المهيبة لأكبر كوليزيه في شمال افريقيا وهو عبارة عن مدرّج روماني ضخم يتسع لما يعادل 35000 مشاهد. ويجسّد هذا البناء العائد الى القرن الثالث توسع الامبراطورية الرومانية وعظمتها. source: UNESCO/ERI 该遗址是北非最大的竞技场遗址，其规模令人叹为观止。该竞技场坐落在一个叫杰姆的小村子里，能够容纳35 000名观众。这座始建于3世纪的建筑展示了罗马帝国的庄严和庞大。 source: UNESCO/ERI Амфитеатр в Эль-Джеме Внушительные руины крупнейшего в Северной Африке амфитеатра, который мог вмещать до 35 тыс. зрителей, обнаружены в небольшом поселении Эль-Джем. Этот памятник III в. иллюстрирует великолепие Римской империи и масштабы ее влияния. source: UNESCO/ERI Anfiteatro de El Jem En el pequeño pueblo de El Jem se alzan las ruinas impresionantes del más célebre coliseo romano de África del Norte, un inmenso anfiteatro con cabida para unos 35.000 espectadores. Esta construcción del siglo III es ilustrativa de la expansión y grandeza del Imperio Romano. source: UNESCO/ERI source: NFUAJ Amfitheater El Jem De indrukwekkende ruïnes van het grootste colosseum in Noord-Afrika vindt men in het kleine dorpje El Jem. Het amfitheater is volledig gebouwd van stenen blokken, vrijstaand en zonder funderingen. Het colosseum bestaat uit vier verdiepingen en is gemodelleerd naar dat in Rome, maar geen exacte kopie. De grootte en capaciteit (35.000 toeschouwers) maken het zonder twijfel een van de grootste amfitheaters ter wereld. Dit 3e-eeuwse monument illustreert de grandeur en de omvang van het keizerlijke Rome. Het klassieke Thysdrus (het huidige El Jem) floreerde vooral ten tijde van keizer Hadrianus (76 - 138 AD), daarna werd het een belangrijk centrum van olijfoliehandel. De bouw van het theater begon in 238 na Christus, maar werd nooit voltooid. Amphitheatre of El Jem (Tunisia) © UNESCO Outstanding Universal Value Brief synthesis The Amphitheatre of El Jem bears outstanding witness to Roman architecture, notably monuments built for spectator events, in Africa. Located in a plain in the centre of Tunisia, this amphitheatre is built entirely of stone blocks, with no foundations and free-standing.  In this respect it is modelled on the Coliseum of Rome without being an exact copy of the Flavian construction. Its size (big axis of 148 metres and small axis 122 metres) and its capacity (judged to be 35,000 spectators) make it without a doubt among the largest amphitheatres in the world. Its facade comprises three levels of arcades of Corinthian or composite style. Inside, the monument has conserved most of the supporting infrastructure for the tiered seating. The wall of the podium, the arena and the underground passages are practically intact. This architectural and artistic creation built around 238 AD, constitutes an important milestone in the comprehension of the history of Roman Africa. The Amphitheatre of El Jem also bears witness to the prosperity of the small city of Thysdrus (current El Jem) at the time of the Roman Empire. Criterion (iv): The Amphitheatre of El Jem is one of the rare monuments of its kind and unique in Africa, which is not built against a hillside, but on flat ground and supported by a complex system of arches. The monument of El Jem is one of the most accomplished examples of Roman architecture of an amphitheatre, almost equal to that of the Coliseum of Rome. Criterion (vi): The construction in a far-off province of a sophisticated and complex building, designed for popular spectacles, is characteristic of imperial R


Which country's flag consists of 3 horizontal bands of red, white and red?

Lebanon This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website Lebanon 2:3 | stripes 1+2+1 | image by N.J. and Eugene Ipavec, 20 May 2007 Official Name: الجمهورية اللبنانية [Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lubnāniyyah], Republic of Lebanon Short Form: لبنان [Lubnān], Lebanon Flag Adopted : 07 Dec 1943 Coat of Arms Adopted: 07 Dec 1943 ISO Code: LB LBN 422 FIPS 10-4 Code: LB Risk of confusion with: Austria , Latvia , French Polynesia National Flag: Description The tree is the cedar traditionally connected with Lebanon. In the 18th century the Maronite Christians used a white flag with the cedar tree, with reference to the Bible (Psalms 92:12, "the righteous flourish like the palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon"). Later, when Lebanon was under French mandate, the French tricolour was used with a cedar tree in the middle. There is a reference in Smith 1982 to the colours, "The red and white colours are those associated, respectively, with the Kayssites and Yemenites, opposing clans that divided Lebanese society between 634 and 1711". Željko Heimer, 08 Aug 1996 Lebanese friends told me that red might represent martyrs' blood and white snow, holiness and eternity. Most Lebanese flags hoisted or depicted in flag charts are not correct. According to the Constitution law of 7 December 1943, the three colours of the flag must be red, white and green. Branches and trunks of the cedar are usually coloured in brown for the sake of realism – or, as some friends told me, in black to celebrate the Syrian -Lebanese "friendship." Ivan Sache, 12 Aug 1996 The Constitution of Lebanon promulgated on 23rd May 1926 said, "Article 5: The Lebanese flag is blue, white, red with a cedar in the white part". This article was changed on 7th December 1943, "The Lebanese flag is made of red, white and red horizontal stripes, with the cedar in green in the centre of the white stripe". The cedar was and is therefore officially green. As a whole green cedar is quite strange, some flag manufacturers have certainly made it green and brown – which is unconstitutional. Pascal Vagnat, 22 Apr 1999 Red symbolizes the blood of martyrs who died trying to free the country from outside forces. White is a symbol of purity of course but is here connected with the snow-capped Lebanese mountains. Hala Abi-Saleh, 13 Sep 1999 The official explanation of the colours' meaning is: White is snow, where cedars are, on snowy mountains, which symbolize purity. Red is the blood of the victims of independance against the Ottomans , French and the rest of the colonizers. Fadi Bassil, 25 Feb 2000 The Lebanese flag is derived from the French tricolor . The cedar was placed in the white of the French flag. When Lebanon pronounced its independence, the men who declared independence drew a color pencil sketch [ image here ]. They got rid of the blue and made the stripes horizontal. The vertical stripes became horizontal to move away from the French vertical design. In my recollection, the official description of the flag does not mention proportions, something I have always noted curiously. I believe that the proportions were simply taken from the French flag (2:3). N.J., 25 Sep 2000 I found on this personal website [broken link] some new information on the Lebanese national flag (in French): At independence, Lebanon used as national flag the French national flag (vertically divided blue-white-red) with a cedar in the middle. On 11 November 1943, street demonstrations took place because the French authorities had jailed Presidents Bechara al Khoury and Riad al-Solh as well as other Ministers. Seven Deputees – Henri Pharaon, Maroun Kanaan, Saêb Salam, Sabri Hamadé, Rachid Beydoun, Saadi al-Mounla, and Mohamed al-Fadl – forced an entry into the Lebanese Parliament, where they decided to design a new national flag for Lebanon. The new (and current) national flag was designed by Henri Pharaon. In 1979, the Minister of National Education, Boutros Harb, decided that 21 November should be the National Flag Day. The Lebanese Constitution article prescribing the flag says: Part I – Fundamental Provis


In which African country is Lake Turkana, formerly Lake Rudolf?

Kenya - The prelude to Otto’s long journey Kenya The prelude to Otto’s long journey date of entry 19/12/1988 GDP 41.117 M. US-Dollar official language Swahili/English The East African country was the starting point for Otto’s great journey: Gunther Holtorf sent the new vehicle he had just purchased, as yet unmodified, by aeroplane to Mombasa at the end of 1988. The Lufthansa cargo plane was empty and on an assignment to collect carnations for the Christmas shopping season. Otto was allowed to join the flight for a modest contribution. In Kenya Gunther Holtorf intended to explore Africa with his third wife. After a short period, however, their relationship started to break down and they both flew back to Germany in the spring and divorced. But that had nothing to do with the Kenya to which Gunther Holtorf returned with pleasure time and again with his fourth wife Christine. The country continually offered fantastic opportunities for observing wildlife. However, as the years went by, it became more and more difficult and dangerous to travel in Kenya. The Samburu are a nomadic tribe and live in the desert regions of northern Kenya. The Holtorfs visited the region several times. 23  of  23 Red earth, blue skies and savannah grasslands are typical of Kenya. Here Otto is travelling in the direction of the border with Somalia. 1  of  23 The infrastructure is often rudimentary and still dates back in places to the period of British colonial rule. 2  of  23 Umbrella thorn acacias offer protection against the sun on the journey across open country. 3  of  23 The Holtorfs experienced the wildlife of East Africa close up in Kenya. Here a thieving baboon searches through the cargo on Otto’s roof. 4  of  23 The travellers stocked up on fresh produce at small village markets every day so that they could then cook for themselves in the evening. 5  of  23 Water is scarce in northern Kenya and many places have to be supplied by tanker. In even more remote parts of the country the Holtorfs shared their supplies with locals. Here Christine Holtorf pours out drinking water. 6  of  23 This "Transafrican Highway" never materialised: the plans for a continuous highway from Kenya to the Nigerian capital Lagos proved to be wishful thinking on the part of the governments of the time. "Schwarting" was, incidentally, the name of the Mercedes dealership in Oldenburg where Gunther Holtorf bought Otto. 7  of  23 South of North Horr, Otto stands on a vast plain of mud: the surface is already dry, but it can only support the vehicle on the edge. A few hundred metres further and the vehicle would have sunk in. The only option was to return along the same trail. 8  of  23 Gunther Holtorf searches from Otto’s roof for the track: it was so overgrown that it was impossible to make out. 9  of  23 Millions of pink-coloured flamingos along the shallow shores of Lake Nakuru in central Kenya. The pink ribbon winds around the whole lake. 10  of  23 The delicate birds search for food in the shallow waters. In the alkaline soda lake they find the particular blue-green algae and small crustaceans that give them their pink colour. 11  of  23 Large animals were frequently encountered in Kenya: rhinoceroses, ... 12  of  23 ... and, of course, lions. 15  of  23 When it had rained the red earth often turned into a thick sludge. Gunther Holtorf gained his first experience of what freeing his Otto from the mud was like. He also had his first puncture of the tour here and had to change the wheel in an area frequented by many lions. 16  of  23 Otto often managed to progress along the tracks of finely ground dirt left by other vehicles only at full throttle – churning up a lot of the powdery material in the process. 17  of  23 Ball-shaped reed huts on Lake Turkana, formerly known as Lake Rudolf, in the north of the country on the border with South Sudan. 18  of  23 The inhabitants were happy to receive the unusual visit from Otto. Whereas the younger generation wore Western clothing, ... 19  of  23 ...the grandparents of the family were still dressed in traditional woven clot


Money and Currency in Algeria | By Algeria Channel City finder Local Currency and Foreign Exchange in Algeria Working with money in this African country is somewhat difficult for most foreigners, and there are not many foreign exchange outlets. Great Britain Pounds are readily accepted and US Dollars are sometimes also appreciated, but credit cards are often rejected. Travelers checks are only accepted at four-star or more hotels so it is usually best to exchange a reasonable amount of cash into GBP and Algerian dinars in one sitting. The local currency is the Algerian dinar (DZD/AD), which is made up of 100 centimes. Coins are available in 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 groupings while notes are available in 1000, 500, 200, 100 and 50 dinar denominations. These are widely accepted around the country and it is best to get as much of your money converted as you can. This can be done at the local bank in the city you are visting, which is usually open from 9am to 3pm from Monday to Thursday. Though efforts have been made to make foreign exchange easier in Algeria, opportunities to exchange your money into the local currency remain quite limited. Therefore it is usually best to exchange enough money at a time to carry you through until your next money changing opportunity. The banks you will come across in Algeria are Banque d'Algerie , (Bank of Algeria); and Banque Nationale d'Algerie (National Bank of Algeria). They will be able to perform this service for you quite effectively. Tags:   User Comments & Reviews: 5 Comment(s) To leave a comment, please sign in using the login box on the right or click here , or sign up here . Page 1 of 1 Team Algeria.com - 2010-11-30 09:36:44 Thank you for visiting Algeria.com and posting a comment. We appreciate hearing from our users and are glad that this information has been able to help you.


Which member of the cabinet is the MP for Chingford and Woodford Green?

IAIN DUNCAN SMITH MP | Member of Parliament for Chingford and Woodford Green Contact About Iain Duncan Smith MP This website has been designed to give you an up to date picture of my work in Chingford and Woodford Green, and in Parliament.   On this site you will find local news and insights into my campaigning on local and national issues.   Thank you for visiting and please click on the HELP link if you are a constituent and wish to raise an issue with me.


What is the common name of Taxus Baccata?

Taxus baccata (Common Yew, European Yew) Home » Taxus baccata (Common Yew, European Yew) Taxus baccata  Thomas, P. Justification: The Common Yew (Taxus baccata) has a very extensive range throughout Europe and beyond. Exploitation and attempts at eradication are no longer current. Cultivated rather than wild populations are exploited for chemical compounds to produce Taxol® unlike the situation with other yew species. Expansion is observed in many woodlands in recent decades. Previously published Red List assessments: 1998 – Lower Risk/least concern (LR/lc) Geographic Range [top] Range Description: Taxus baccata occurs in all European countries as well as those in the Caucasus, and from Turkey eastwards to northern Iran. In North Africa it occurs in Morocco and Algeria. Consequently its extent of occurrence is well in excess of the Red List thresholds for any threatened category. Countries occurrence: Native: Albania; Algeria; Andorra; Armenia (Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh); Austria; Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan); Belgium; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France (Corsica); Georgia (Abkhaziya, Adzhariya); Germany; Gibraltar; Greece (Kriti); Guernsey; Hungary; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Ireland; Isle of Man; Italy (Sardegna, Sicilia); Jersey; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Morocco; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal (Azores); Romania; Russian Federation (Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetiya, Kabardino-Balkariya, Kaliningrad, Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, Krasnodar, Severo-Osetiya, Stavropol); Serbia (Serbia); Spain (Baleares); Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey (Turkey-in-Europe); Ukraine (Krym); United Kingdom Additional data: Population [top] Population: The global population is increasing due to changed woodland management, which has become less intensified in many parts of Europe. In Scandinavia, it may be expected to expand inland from coastal areas if the warming climate trend continues. Current Population Trend: Habitat and Ecology [top] Habitat and Ecology: Taxus baccata is capable of growing under (not entirely closed) canopy of beech (Fagus spp.) as well as other deciduous broad-leaved trees, but it will only develop to large trees in more open situations. In Switzerland, the richest area of Central Europe for yew, it forms a yew-beech wood on cool, steep marl slopes in the Jura and the foothills of the Alps up to 1,400 m a.s.l. (Ellenberg 1988). Under the evergreen Common Yew, nothing else will grow. In England, T. baccata is best developed on chalk downs - again on steep slopes - and can form extensive stands outside the beech woods invading down grassland. In much of Europe where the climate is less oceanic it survives better in mixed forests, coniferous as well as mixed broad-leaved-conifer forests, again mostly on limestone substrates, and often occupying rocky cliffs and slopes. On acid soils yews perform less well under canopy and usually do not develop beyond a sapling stage in woods. Its northern limits in Scandinavia are determined by its sensitivity to severe frost. Its toxicity (all parts except the red arils around the seeds) prevent browsing by cattle and sheep, but not by rabbits and deer, as these animals have developed a level of immunity to the dangerous alkaloids. Apart from seed germination (dispersed by birds), T. baccata readily regenerates from stumps and roots (suckers); ancient hollow trees may rejuvenate constantly in this way. When planted, e.g. in church yards and cemeteries, soil pH seems unimportant; some of the largest and presumably oldest specimen trees in NW Europe, in particular Brittany (France) and the British Isles, are known from such locations and were planted probably since Celtic times Systems: Use and Trade [top] Use and Trade: In the Middle Ages the wood of Common Yew was very much in demand for long-bows and cross-bows and was exported from Switzerland to England. Yews were also planted near sacred wells, early Christian churches, monasteries, and castles for symbolic/religious reasons as well as practical (military) ones. It still


Who composed the music for the 1909 opera Susanna's Secret?

Morning names: The Secret of Susanna, The Jewels of the Madonna | Arnold Zwicky's Blog Cymbalism » Morning names: The Secret of Susanna, The Jewels of the Madonna They came as a pair, two operatic works whose names have the same syntactic pattern. Only a bit later did I realize that they were works by the same composer, Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari. The Secret of Susanna. From Wikipedia : Il segreto di Susanna (English: Susanna’s Secret, German: Susannens Geheimnis) is an intermezzo in one act by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari to an Italian libretto by Enrico Golisciani. The premiere of the opera was in German, in a translation by Max Kalbeck, at the Hoftheater in Munich on 4 December 1909. Susanna’s secret is that she’s a cigarette smoker — a rather scandalous thing for an upper-class woman (Susanna is a countess) of her day. It’s all charmingly slight, and the music is equally frothy. A recording: and the Susanna overture from this recording is here: The Jewels of the Madonna. A different sort of work entirely. From Wikipedia : I gioielli della Madonna (English: The Jewels of the Madonna) is an opera in three acts by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari to an Italian libretto by Carlo Zangarini and Enrico Golisciani, based on news accounts of a real event. It was first performed at the Kurfürstenoper in Berlin on 23 December 1911 under the title Der Schmuck der Madonna. That performance was in German, but now it is usually given in Italian. (Wolf-Ferrari stated that his operas were often first given in German simply because he had a German publisher.) … Its controversial themes include love between a brother and his adopted sister, implied criticism of the Catholic Church, and an on-stage orgy. The album cover for one recording (chosen for its visual pleasures): (#2) And a performance of the intermezzo from this work, in a recording by the London Symphony Orchestra, is here: The composer. (#3) Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (born Ermanno Wolf [Wolf was his father’s name; his mother was Italian, named Ferrari]) (January 12, 1876 – January 21, 1948) was an Italian composer and teacher. He is best known for his comic operas such as Il segreto di Susanna (1909). A number of his works were based on plays by Carlo Goldoni, including Le donne curiose (1903), I quatro rusteghi (1906) and Il campiello (1936). His opera Cenerentola (1900) was at first a failure, then a success in a revised version. But it was eclipsed by Rossini’s 1816 opera La Cenerentola. At this point, Wolf-Ferrari … began transforming the wild and witty farces of the 18th-century Venetian playwright Carlo Goldoni into comic operas. The resulting works were musically eclectic, melodic, and utterly hilarious; every single one became an international success. In fact, until the outbreak of World War I, Wolf-Ferrari’s operas were among the most performed in the world. In 1911 Wolf-Ferrari tried his hand at full bloodied Verismo with I gioielli della Madonna; a story of passion, sacrilege and madness. It was quite popular in its day and for a period after, especially in Chicago, where the great Polish soprano Rosa Raisa made it a celebrated vehicle. Maria Jeritza (and, later, Florence Easton) triumphed in it at the Metropolitan Opera, in an all-out spectacular production in 1926. Like this:


In what year was there a vote in the UK on the issue of leaving the then Common Market?

The Referendums of 1973 and 1975 The Referendums of 1973 and 1975 The 1998 referendum on the Good Friday Agreement was in fact the third referendum to be held in Northern Ireland. The first, held in 1973, was on the question of continued participation in the UK versus a united Ireland; the second, held in 1975, was part of a UK-wide referendum on continued participation in the European Economic Community. 8 March 1973: the "Border Poll" Self-determination is a rather limited concept. Introduced by Woodrow Wilson in the context of post-1918 Europe, ignored on almost every occasion that it suited the Great Powers to do so, it applied to Northern Ireland to the very limited extent that the Northern Ireland Parliament had the right to opt out of the Irish Free State when it was established in December 1922 (and it immediately did so). The 1949 Ireland Act, which recognised that the Irish Republic was outside the British Commonwealth, renewed the right of the Northern Ireland Parliament to opt out of the UK and join a united Ireland. But there was no question of a referendum at this point (though a county-by-county referendum on participation in Home Rule had been mooted in 1914) and self-determination applies only in so far as Northern Ireland can choose which larger state to belong to, but not opt for independence. The abolition of the Northern Ireland Parliament in 1972 raised the question of whether or not a new Assembly should have the power to determine which state Northern Ireland should belong to. For whatever reason, the British government decided to put this question directly to the people every ten years by referendum, and the first (and so far only) referendum on this issue was held on 8 March 1973. The Unionist parties, and Alliance and the NILP, campaigned for a vote in favour of staying in the UK; the Nationalist parties urged their supporters to boycott the vote. The results were as follows: % valid votes 425,828 41.3% In 1983, the then Secretary of State, Jim Prior, decided not to hold another referendum on the ground that the likely outcome was obvious from other elections, ie that the pro-UK vote would win. The 1998 referendum included of course the provision that Northern Ireland remains in the UK for the time being. The idea that a referendum at some future point might decide that Northern Ireland would join a United Ireland survived into the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement and the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, and Nationalists read the demographic runes with glee, pointing to the increased vote for Nationalist parties over the last few years. I am personally sceptical that there will be a referendum majority for a United Ireland in the near future for the following reasons: I suspect that the recent growth in the Nationalist vote is caused by the working through the system of a growth in the Catholic share of the population which largely happened in the 1970s. This was caused, first, by an easing of the situation for Catholics, both in terms of economic discrimination and in terms of stable and safe housing after the forced population movements of the early period, which meant they were more likely to make a living and therefore stay in NI, and second by differential emigration from Protestants getting the hell out of Northern Ireland in the early years of the troubles. If I am right, we will see some growth in the Nationalist vote share in the next couple of elections and then it will level off at around 45%. As is clear from the 1998 referendum results , a referendum rather than an election will pull out many more voters in areas which are not really hotbeds of support for a united Ireland. Opinion polls likewise show that support for a united Ireland runs well behind support for Nationalist parties. One cannot exclude the kind of sudden mood change which hit Slovenia in 1991, but it hasn't happened yet. 5 June 1975: The Common Market Referendum Both the UK and Ireland joined the European Economic Community (then generally referred to as the Common Market) on 1 January 1973. Strange though it seems now, at th


What instrument does jazz musician Gary Burton play?

Gary Burton | NEA Gary Burton Transcript Music Credits: “Storm,” composed by Chris Swensen and performed by Gary Burton, from the cd Who Is Gary Burton? “Sing Sing Sing,” composed by Louis Prima, performed by the Benny Goodman Orchestra, from the album Sing Sing Sing. “Move,” composed by Denzel Best and Paul Walsh, performed by Hank Garland and Gary Burton from the album Jazz Winds From a New Direction . “Jive Hoot,”  composed by Bob Brookmeyer, performed live in London, 1966 by Stan Getz, Gary Burton, Steve Swallow and Roy Haynes. “Boston Marathon,” written and performed by Gary Burton from album Good Vibes. “Crystal Silence” composed by Chick Corea and performed by Chick Corea and Gary Burton from the album, Crystal Silence. “La Fiesta,” composed by Chick Corea and performed by Chick Corea and Gary Burton from the album, Duet. “Duet Suite,” composed by Chick Corea and performed by Chick Corea and Gary Burton from the album, Duet. “Reunion,” composed by Mitchel Forman, performed by Gary Burton and Pat Metheny from the album, Reunion. Jo Reed: You’re listening to the music of vibraphonist and 2016 NEA Jazz Master Gary Burton. And this is Art Works, the weekly podcast produced at the National Endowment for the Arts. I’m Josephine Reed. Gary Burton is not only a 2016 NEA Jazz Master; he is a musical treasure whose artistry in playing is matched by his generosity as a teacher and mentor. Burton’s four-mallet technique on the vibraphone gave the instrument a new musical vocabulary in jazz. He was one of the creators of jazz fusion in the late 1960s and had a decades-long career at the Berklee College of Music. His range as a musician is remarkable—equally at home with solos, duos, quartets, and chamber orchestras. And he moves with fluidity from country to rock, from tango to classical. But Gary Burton always returning his first best love, jazz. The breadth and depth of his career is even more extraordinary when you realize that Gary Burton was largely a self-taught musician growing up in rural Indiana. Gary Burton: There wasn't a lot of music available to me. I had started playing the vibraphone and the marimba when I was six. We lived in a larger city at the time. My parents wanted all three of the kids in the family to have the opportunity to take music lessons. And there happened to be a lady that lived nearby who played the marimba and the vibraphone and gave lessons, so that's where they took me. And then we moved to this small town. And in fact, after we moved, I didn't have a teacher, because there were no vibraphone players nearby or anything. And I just was sort of learning on my own. Music was easy for me. I learned already how to read music, and how to manipulate the mallets and play the instrument, so I just kept on going. It was fun. Jo Reed: Music was about to become a lot more fun for Gary when he listened to a record and discovered jazz. Gary Burton: I didn't know anything about jazz, at first, but somehow I stumbled across a jazz record. <Music> It was by Benny Goodman, and I was captivated by it. It was very exciting rhythmically, and they were doing this thing which we now know as improvisation. They were making up their parts as they played. I was fascinated by that. And so from then on, I was in love with jazz, and I kept trying to find records and copy what I was hearing and see if I could do it. Jo Reed: The vibraphone was invented in about 1930. So when Gary started playing, the instrument was 20 years old, still fairly new but with a strong first generation of players like Lionel Hampton, Red Norvo, and Milt Jackson. And while Gary looked up to and learned from these players, he found inspiration somewhere else. Gary Burton: My first big influences turned out to be piano players. In particular, one of the leading innovators of the day was Bill Evans, who had just started putting out his own records in the late '50s, early '60s, and was kind of the new, exciting thing in jazz. And so I listened to him play, and I said, "If he can do that on piano and make it so musical, then surely I can do something


Who wrote The Client (1993) and Sycamore Row(2013)?

Grisham Books in Order and "Sycamore Row" - Paul Levine Grisham Books in Order and “Sycamore Row” Posted December 12, 2013 by Paul Levine & filed under Blog , Fiction , Grisham Books in Order , Jake Lassiter , John Grisham , John Grisham Books , John Grisham Books in Order , Legal Thrillers , Paul Levine , Sycamore Row , The Firm . John Grisham, the king of the legal thrillers, has a new book out.  So, what’s new about that?  For more than two decades, Grisham has been writing about a book a year, starting with “A Time to Kill” in 1989.  We’ll consider both the new book and all Grisham books in order. What’s interesting about “Sycamore Row,”  this year’s release, is that it brings us back to the Ford County Courthouse and some characters of  “A Time to Kill.” You’ll remember that riveting first novel was a story of race, violence, and small time prejudices.  In some ways, it echoed the themes of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”  (The film version starred a young Matthew McConaughey as lawyer Jake Brigance, Samuel L. Jackson as his client, who had killed two men who raped his daughter, and Sandra Bullock in a supporting role. According to Wikipedia , the idea for the first book came from a real case: “As he was hanging around the court, Grisham overheard a 12-year-old girl telling the jury what had happened to her.  Her story intrigued Grisham and he began watching the trial. He saw how the members of the jury cried as she told them about having been raped and beaten. It was then, Grisham later wrote in The New York Times, that a story was born. Musing over what would have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her assailants, Grisham took three years to complete his first book, ‘A Time to Kill.’  Finding a publisher was not easy. The book was rejected by 28 publishers before Wynwood Press, an unknown publisher, agreed to give it a modest 5,000-copy printing.”  Grisham Books in Order: “A Time to Kill” was the first Now, defense lawyer Jake Brigance is back in “Sycamore Row” in another racially charged trial.  I’m looking forward to meeting Grisham on that familiar terrain.  Now, let’s move on to the Grisham books in order. Grisham’s themes are clearly defined. Corruption, greed, and untidy justice permeate his work. Large corporations and Big Money exert cruel power over the weak…until a lawyer (usually flawed) takes up the cause.   This rings a bell with me. Behind the judge’s bench in every Miami courtroom is the sign, “We Who Labor Here Seek Only Truth.” You can see the sign, barely, in this goofy publicity shot of me when I was flogging my first novel, “To Speak for the Dead,” many years ago. Lawyer/Author Paul Levine in Courtroom. The sign behind the bench reads: “We Who Labor Here Seek Only Truth.” My fictional lawyer,  Jake Lassiter , examined the sign and cracked, “There oughta be a footnote. Subject to the truth being concealed by lying witnesses, distorted by sleazy lawyers, and overlooked by lazy judges.”  I think Grisham’s protagonists  would agree. But back to Grisham’s oeuvre.   It was Grisham’s second novel, “The Firm,” that rocketed him to the top of the charts and spun off the hit Tom Cruise movie.  A young attorney is seduced by the pay and perks at a Memphis law firm that is actually a front for the mob.  Chaos and murder ensue.  The rest, as they say, is history.  Omitting the “Theodore Boone” young adult books and some non-fiction, here are: GRISHAM BOOKS IN ORDER A Time to Kill (1989) The Firm (1991)


From which country does the tennis player Stanislas Wawrinka come?

Tennis - How Stanislas Wawrinka learned to win Tennis comment It's not often that a player chooses his own epigram, let alone gets it tattooed it on his left arm. But it would be tough to sum up Stanislas Wawrinka 's season more lyrically than with the words Wawrinka himself chose from Irish playwright and novelist Samuel Beckett earlier this year -- "Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail Better." "In tennis, as you know, if [you] are not Roger [Federer] or Rafa [Nadal] and [Novak] Djokovic or Andy [Murray] now, you don't win so many tournaments and you always lose," the 28-year-old from Lausanne, Switzerland, said at the US Open. "But you need to take the positive of the loss, and you need to go back to work and still [keep] playing." Perhaps no player this year has failed better than Wawrinka, who has come up with some stunning performances -- if not always victories. It all began with his memorable five-set loss to Djokovic at the Australian Open, still a top contender for the match of the year. (Nadal versus Djokovic at the French Open, Wawrinka versus Richard Gasquet at the French Open and Djokovic versus Wawrinka II at the US Open would be among the others.) Hard to believe, but Stanislas Wawrinka could end the 2013 season as the highest-ranked Swiss.  Clive Brunskill/Getty Images In that fourth-round match in Oz, Wawrinka stormed out of the blocks to take a 6-1, 5-2 lead against the top seed, but just as impressive was the way he battled back after losing the second and third sets. He rebounded to win a tight fourth-set tiebreaker and stayed with Djokovic all the way to 12-10 in the fifth. His aggressive shot-making and bold winners sustained over four hours were a revelation. With his full-swinging one-handed backhand, Wawrinka had also developed a reputation for inconsistency and letting the occasion get to him. Despite losing the match, he was feted in defeat. That would be the case again two weeks later, as he and Marco Chiudinelli lost 24-22 in the fifth to Tomas Berdych and Lukas Rosol in a Davis Cup doubles match, allowing the Czechs to hand Switzerland a first-round defeat. At 7 hours, 1 minute, it was the longest Davis Cup match on record. Then came a nervy, three-set defeat at Indian Wells to a hurting Roger Federer , in whose shadows Wawrinka has spent most of his career. It was after that defeat that Wawrinka tweeted the quotation that has come to define his season. "It stuck with me," he said later. By spring, the words were inscribed on his skin, though for him their meaning clearly ran deeper. It was the message he had given himself and had been given by his Davis Cup teammates and friends ever since that match against Djokovic. "A few tough losses at the beginning of the year, but we always said, 'Look, the most important is what you do with that situation,'" said Swiss captain Severin Luthi, who has provided coaching support to Wawrinka. "If you react negative and you go into a mental hole, you won't progress. You have to accept the positive and negative out of it and try to improve; that's all you can do. "And he was very disciplined in that direction." Getting to this point had already been a long journey for Wawrinka. Although he wasn't regarded as much of a prospect for most of his junior days, his ranking reached No. 9 in 2008 before slipping outside the top 20 during the next two years. During that time, he married girlfriend Ilham Vuilloud and the couple had a daughter, Alexia. In a bid to climb back up the rankings in 2010, Wawrinka hired Peter Lundgren, former coach of Federer and Marat Safin , and shortly afterward, Wawrinka upset Andy Murray on his way to the US Open quarterfinals. As 2011 began, news came that Wawrinka was also leaving his wife and daughter, with Vuilloud saying Wawrinka wanted to focus more on his career. By the end of the year, however, Wawrinka split with Lundgren, and last year publicly reunited with his family, embracing his role as a father and getting Alexia's name tattooed on his hand. But he remained coachless for a year and a half un


Maryland Capital - Annapolis ANNAPOLIS Annapolis is the State capital of Maryland. Toward the end of the Revolutionary War, the city also served as capital to the newly forming American nation when the Continental Congress met in Annapolis from November 26, 1783 to June 3, 1784. Here too, on January 14, 1784, the Treaty of Paris , ending the Revolutionary War, was ratified by Congress. State House (from Francis St.), Annapolis, Maryland, February 2014. Photo by Diane F. Evartt. In September 1786, the Annapolis Convention met to discuss revisions to the Articles of Confederation. The Convention's call for a further meeting led to the assembling of delegates at Philadelphia the following year to draft the U.S. Constitution. In modern times, Annapolis continues to host important meetings. On November 27, 2007, the Middle East Peace Conference was held at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis. From June 17-18, 2008, the U.S. Naval Academy again hosted an international conference, the U.S. - China Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) IV. City Dock, Annapolis, Maryland, September 2008. Photo by Diane F. Evartt. Located on the Severn River in Anne Arundel County , Annapolis is not only the center of Maryland government but also home to the U.S. Naval Academy , and St. John's College whose curriculum is based upon the study of the classics. McDowell Hall, St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, April 2005. Photo by Diane F. Evartt. From the founding of Maryland in 1634, however, St. Mary's City was the first seat of Maryland's colonial government, not Annapolis. (In southern Maryland, Historic St. Mary's City can be visited today in St. Mary's County. ) As the population of Maryland grew, St. Mary's City, near the southernmost tip of St. Mary's County, proved too distant for most of the colony's inhabitants. Consequently, in 1694, the General Assembly designated Anne Arundel Town, midway up Chesapeake Bay, as the new capital and, in February 1694/5, the government moved there. U.S. Naval Academy grounds, Annapolis, Maryland, May 2000. Photo by Diane F. Evartt. After Queen Mary's death in December 1694, Anne Arundel Town was renamed Annapolis for her sister, the heiress apparent, Princess Anne. As Queen Anne (1665-1714) of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Anne ascended the throne in 1702. In 1707, she became Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, which she ruled until her death. In the name of Queen Anne, Royal Governor John Seymour granted to the City of Annapolis a municipal charter on November 22, 1708. Annapolis celebrated its three centuries of history in 2008. Centered in Maryland on the Western Shore, Annapolis lies 25 miles south of Baltimore and 30 miles east of Washington, DC. Sailboats, Back Creek, Annapolis, Maryland, October 2008. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.


Who was Vice-President of the USA from 1977-81 when Jimmy Carter was President?

James Carter | whitehouse.gov Air Force One James Carter Jimmy Carter served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. Jimmy Carter aspired to make Government "competent and compassionate," responsive to the American people and their expectations. His achievements were notable, but in an era of rising energy costs, mounting inflation, and continuing tensions, it was impossible for his administration to meet these high expectations. Carter, who has rarely used his full name--James Earl Carter, Jr.--was born October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. Peanut farming, talk of politics, and devotion to the Baptist faith were mainstays of his upbringing. Upon graduation in 1946 from the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, Carter married Rosalynn Smith. The Carters have three sons, John William (Jack), James Earl III (Chip), Donnel Jeffrey (Jeff), and a daughter, Amy Lynn. After seven years' service as a naval officer, Carter returned to Plains. In 1962 he entered state politics, and eight years later he was elected Governor of Georgia. Among the new young southern governors, he attracted attention by emphasizing ecology, efficiency in government, and the removal of racial barriers. Carter announced his candidacy for President in December 1974 and began a two-year campaign that gradually gained momentum. At the Democratic Convention, he was nominated on the first ballot. He chose Senator Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota as his running mate. Carter campaigned hard against President Gerald R. Ford, debating with him three times. Carter won by 297 electoral votes to 241 for Ford. Carter worked hard to combat the continuing economic woes of inflation and unemployment. By the end of his administration, he could claim an increase of nearly eight million jobs and a decrease in the budget deficit, measured in percentage of the gross national product. Unfortunately, inflation and interest rates were at near record highs, and efforts to reduce them caused a short recession. Carter could point to a number of achievements in domestic affairs. He dealt with the energy shortage by establishing a national energy policy and by decontrolling domestic petroleum prices to stimulate production. He prompted Government efficiency through civil service reform and proceeded with deregulation of the trucking and airline industries. He sought to improve the environment. His expansion of the national park system included protection of 103 million acres of Alaskan lands. To increase human and social services, he created the Department of Education, bolstered the Social Security system, and appointed record numbers of women, blacks, and Hispanics to Government jobs. In foreign affairs, Carter set his own style. His championing of human rights was coldly received by the Soviet Union and some other nations. In the Middle East, through the Camp David agreement of 1978, he helped bring amity between Egypt and Israel. He succeeded in obtaining ratification of the Panama Canal treaties. Building upon the work of predecessors, he established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and completed negotiation of the SALT II nuclear limitation treaty with the Soviet Union. There were serious setbacks, however. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan caused the suspension of plans for ratification of the SALT II pact. The seizure as hostages of the U. S. embassy staff in Iran dominated the news during the last 14 months of the administration. The consequences of Iran's holding Americans captive, together with continuing inflation at home, contributed to Carter's defeat in 1980. Even then, he continued the difficult negotiations over the hostages. Iran finally released the 52 Americans the same day Carter left office. The Presidential biographies on WhiteHouse.gov are from “The Presidents of the United States of America,” by Frank Freidel and Hugh S


In what country was Adolphe Sax, inventor of the saxophone, born?

Adolphe Sax | Biography & History | AllMusic google+ Artist Biography               by Franklin Stover The evolution of musical instruments can be described as a lengthy process involving scores of instrument makers, each building on the efforts of previous technicians. The genesis of the saxophone differs from the usual pattern of instrument building as its creation can be traced to one individual, Adolphe Sax . Of all his efforts, the saxophone stands as his most enduring creation. Early on, Adolphe Sax apprenticed in the instrument manufacturing business under his father's tutelage. Charles-Joseph Sax (1791 - 1865) was employed by King William I as official instrument maker for the Belgian Army Band. The royal appointment lent authority to the Sax name and enabled the young Adolphe to learn a valuable trade. At six, Adolphe was drilling tone holes into clarinets and working a wood lathe. At 15, Sax competed in the Brussels Industrial Exposition and entered two flutes and a clarinet made of ivory. His most ambitious project of his early years was the improvement of the bass clarinet. Completed at age 20, the bass clarinet became Sax's first patented instrument, and was generally hailed as a success, though some clarinetists were less enthusiastic. There is an amusing story concerning a bass clarinetist who threatened to quit the orchestra if the conductor voted to adopt the new instrument. The young Sax challenged the reticent clarinetist to a musical duel before the conductor, resulting in the clarinet players' dismissal. In 1841, Adolphe Sax left Belgium and relocated his workshop in Paris. Some say Sax was disillusioned with the Belgian National Exposition for not recommending any of his entries for a prize. Sax biographers opine that the instrument maker may have been a victim of age discrimination. Nestled in his Paris workshop, Sax manufactured standard instruments, gradually introducing improvements along the way. In 1845, Sax patented a family of brass instruments he called saxhorns, and in 1846, the saxophone family made its first appearance ranging from bass to sopranino. 1846 is often given as the year of the invention of the saxophone, but Berlioz knew of it in 1842, and wrote praises about it in Journal des Debats. The Berlioz article made Sax's reputation soar overnight, and landed him a teaching position at the Paris Conservatory. But Sax had attracted a number of malcontents wishing to tarnish his reputation or to bring him down completely. The detractors consisted mainly of disgruntled instrument workers resistant to change and with a penchant to place blame. Rumors got started saying that Sax stole the rotary valve design from the Germans. Some of those disputes were settled at a posh party Sax attended in Bonn. At a royal event attended by Prussian dignitaries, the Royal Prussian Army Band performed to the baton of Wilhelm Wieprecht, royal instrument maker and designer of a rotary valve system. Franz Liszt brought the two instrument makers together, and the debate over the rotary valve system was settled. Wieprecht, now convinced that Sax had not stolen his ideas, withdrew his lawsuit against him, and the two went back to business as usual. But back at home, a judge declared that "the saxophone never existed," an aberration of the mind, even though a patent had been issued for it. Adolphe Sax died at the age of 80. He was a ceaseless innovator who advanced the art of instrument design, giving us works of art to see and to hear.


Where in the human body would you find Bowman's Capsule?

Bowman's Capsule - Kidney Blood Filtering Home > Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular System of the Lower Torso > Blood Supply to the Kidneys > Bowman's Capsule Bowman's Capsule The Bowman's capsule is an expansion at the closed end of a renal tubule. A kidney's renal corpuscle is composed of tangled clusters of blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a thin-walled, saclike structure called the Bowman's capsule, which surrounds the glomerulus. The Bowman's capsule is composed of two layers of cells: an inner layer that closely covers the glomerulus, and an outer layer that is continuous with the inner layer and with the wall of the renal tubule. The renal tubule ...


Official TV Licensing website - TV Licence types and costs / TV Licence types and costs TV Licence types and costs It costs £145.50 for a colour and £49.00 for a black and white TV Licence. In some cases, you may be entitled to a reduced fee TV Licence (see table below). You’re entitled to a 50% reduction in your TV Licence fee if you’re certified as blind (severely sight impaired). Cost of a TV Licence to cover multiple units Cost of a TV Licence to cover multiple units Some businesses can apply for a TV Licence to cover a number of accommodation or mobile units (for hotels, hostels, mobile units and campsites), or entertainment units (for hospitality areas). For more information, visit the pages below: The licence fee will be based on the number of units offered where a TV receiver is installed or used. To cover up to 15 units You only need to pay one fee of £145.50. To cover more than 15 units You pay one fee for the first 15 units and an additional fee of £145.50 for every extra 5 units or fewer. If you still have questions take a look at TV Licensing FAQs where you can find all the answers in one place.


In which English county is Corfe Castle?

English Castles - Corfe Castle  Castles of England - Corfe Castle Location Corfe Castle, Dorset, England Description Corfe Castle is situated in the village of Corfe between Swanage and Wareham 4 miles away. The castle occupies a strategic position on a chalk mound in the Purbeck hills inland from the Dorset coastline. The castle and estate, including the village of Corfe covers around 8,000 acres including coastline and the Isle of Purbeck although the castle itself is now in a totally ruinous state. Visitors can still see the defenses, the outer and south west gatehouses with their murder holes, and parts of the battlements including two round towers and an impressive solitary wall and a defensive ditch. Facilities Open to the public all year round from 10am the site offers a tearoom and shop and an interactive exhibition covering the treason and treachery that took place within the castle walls throughout the ages. A self catering cottage sleeping four is also available within the grounds offering views of the surrounding hillside and the castle. History There has been a castle on the site since 900AD but the oldest surviving parts of the current structure date back the 11th century when a stone hall and inner bailey wall were built by William the Conqueror just after 1066. Prior to the 13th century other halls, towers and walls were added and the castle was used as a home to King John as well as a prison and a royal treasure store. He was also responsible for the castle�s refortification and the addition of a west bailey which was similar to one built by Richard the Lionheart at Chateau Gailard. The castle remained in royal hands until the 16th century when Elizabeth I sold it to Sir Christopher Hatton her lord Chancellor and he in turn sold it in 1635 to Sir John Bankes. Sir John Bankes, Attorney General to Charles I, was away attending to the King when the castle came under siege twice by parliamentary forces so his wife, Lady Mary Bankes, was responsible for defending the castle. The first siege in 1643 lasted six weeks and the second, two years later, lasted over two months. It was during this siege that the castle was betrayed by one of the garrison, captured and destroyed by explosives. Following the fall of the castle the Bankes family chose not to rebuild it but instead built a new house at their other estate in Kingston Lacy leaving the castle abandoned. The locals took advantage of the unwanted masonry, windows, doors and other items to build houses of their own. During the 1980�s the entire Bankes family estate was handed over to the National Trust including the village of Corfe and the castle. During 2006 the National Trust were forced to close the castle for safety reasons and an extensive restoration project began taking three years to complete. Other Castles in the Area


Who, in 1931, designed the map of the London Underground?

BBC - Culture - The London Underground map: The design that shaped a city Britain The London Underground map: The design that shaped a city It looks like a cross between an electric circuit diagram and a Mondrian painting – but the London Underground map also revolutionised design. Jonathan Glancey travels back in time. By Jonathan Glancey 20 July 2015 The first section of the London Underground opened in 1863. Over the following decades, a number of Tube maps – showing an uncoordinated network of lines owned by different companies – were published in increasing, unwieldy profusion. None looked like the iconic map so beloved by visitors and locals today. How could a designer fully represent the spread of London's Underground? The fact that there were so many Underground maps before Harry Beck’s famous 'diagram' of 1931 – the blueprint of today’s maps – was proof of a problem that took many years and a great deal of ingenuity to solve. After all, how could a designer fully represent lines that criss-crossed a few squares miles of central London yet also stretched across what, until as late as 1900, had been farmlands, markets gardens and remarkably remote Middlesex villages? And how could it all fit onto a single map – one that could be folded neatly into a coat pocket? Find our cheapest flights at ba.com Size matters The sheer spread of the Underground network made mapping it problematic. Even in central London, there were stations like Covent Garden and Leicester Square just 200m from each other, while others like Kings Cross and Farringdon were 1.15 miles (1.85km) apart. Outside the centre, the Underground stretched as far as Verney Junction and Brill in Buckinghamshire, rural outposts 50 miles from Baker Street. As maps of the time took their cue from historical precedent, it was thought that these geographic distances had to be represented to scale. But by 1930, it was clear that any map trying to plot the entire Underground network geographically was going to be too big to handle – especially in the busy confines of a Tube station, where shoulder room was precious. So Underground maps of the time tended to concentrate on lines in central London. They allowed lines farther afield to drop off the edge of the city, as if they were ships sailing through the mermaid- and monster-populated seas of an unenlightened, flat world. Many of these early maps are utterly charming – but not particularly useful Many of these early, artist-designed maps are utterly charming and, rightfully, collector’s items today. They were, however, neither comprehensive nor even particularly useful. Map or Mondrian? In 1931, Harry Beck, a young engineering draughtsman who had joined the Underground Group’s Signal Engineer’s Office in 1925, came up with a solution. It was to become not just a useful tool for Londoners and visitors to the capital, but a much-loved design in its own right. It remains the basis for the maps used today. View image of Harry Beck's London Tube map (Credit: Credit: TfL from the London Transport Museum collection) Like a cross between an electric circuit diagram and a Mondrian painting And yet, when Beck first presented his 'diagram' to Underground management, they were unsure. Lines running horizontally, vertically or at 45-degree angles were plotted on a grid. Eschewing geography, it looked like a cross between an electric circuit diagram and a Mondrian painting. While it was no longer possible to tell the distance or precise geographic location of stations at a glance, Beck reasoned that this was unimportant. What passengers needed to know was how to get from one station to another as efficiently as possible and where to change between lines. The map proved an instant success In 1933, the Underground, city buses, trams, trolleybuses, river buses and Green Line coaches were brought together under the umbrella of a new public corporation: the London Passenger Transport Board. With a spirit of modernisation in the air, the time was right to see how the public would respond to Beck’s radical 'diagram'. After a test run of


Who painted Olympia and The Luncheon on the Grass both in 1863?

The Luncheon on the Grass, 1862 by Edouard Manet The Luncheon on the Grass, 1862 by Edouard Manet Click Image to view detail. Luncheon on the Grass ("Dejeuner sur l'Herbe," 1863) was one of a number of impressionist works that broke away from the classical view that art should obey established conventions and seek to achieve timelessness. The painting    was rejected by the salon that displayed painting approved by the official French academy. The rejection was occasioned not so much by the female nudes in Manet's painting, a classical subject, as by their presence in a modern    setting, accompanied by clothed, bourgeois men. The incongruity suggested that the women were not goddesses but models, or possibly prostitutes. Yet in Le dejeuner sur l'herbe, Manet was paying tribute to Europe's artistic heritage, borrowing his subject from The Pastoral Concert - a painting by Titian attributed at the time to Giorgione (Louvre) - and taking his inspiration for the composition of the central group from the Marcantonio Raimondi engraving after Raphael's Judgement of    Paris.But the classical references were counterbalanced by Manet's boldness. The presence of a nude woman among clothed men is justified neither by mythological nor allegorical precedents. This, and the contemporary dress,    rendered the strange and almost unreal scene obscene in the eyes of the public of the day. Manet himself jokingly nicknamed his painting "la partie carree". Manet displayed the painting instead at the Salon des Refuses, an alternative salon established by those who had been refused entry to the official one. Like his friend Courbet, Manet influenced modern painting not only by his    use of realistic subject matter but also by his challenge to the three-dimensional perspectivalism established in Renaissance painting. Manet painted figures with a flatness derived partly from Japanese art and resembling    (as Gustave Courbet commented) the flatness of the king or queen on a playing card. Luncheon on the Grass - testimony to Manet's refusal to conform to convention and his initiation of a new freedom from traditional subjects and modes of representation - can perhaps be considered as the departure point for    Modern Art. The modernist reinvention of pictorial space had begun.


Who, in 79AD, succeeded Vespasian as Emperor of Rome?

BBC - History -   Historic Figures: Vespasian (9 AD - 79 AD) Historic Figures z Bust of Vespasian    © Vespasian was the ninth emperor of Rome and succeeded in restoring peace and stability after a period of civil war. He founded the Flavian dynasty of emperors. Titus Flavius Vespasianus, known as Vespasian, was born in 9 AD in Reate (Rieti), north west of Rome. He had a successful military career, commanding the second legion in the invasion of Britain in 43 AD and conquering the south west of England. He later rose in the senate to become consul in 51 AD and governor of Africa a decade later. He became a trusted aide of the emperor Nero and was put in charge of the suppression of the Jewish Revolt (66 AD - 70 AD). By 68 AD, most of Judaea was recovered, although Jerusalem remained to be taken. During the rapid turnover of emperors following the death of Nero in 68 AD, Vespasian prepared his own bid for power. The legions of Egypt, Judaea, Syria and then the Danube all declared for him, and he sent his commander Primus ahead to secure Italy on his behalf. A major, and bloody, victory was achieved at Cremona, and Primus took Rome in December 69 AD. The senate passed a law conferring the powers of emperor on Vespasian and he arrived in Rome in the late summer of 70 AD, having left his elder son Titus in charge in Judaea. Jerusalem was taken in August 70 AD and the Jewish temple was destroyed. Vespasian's major objectives during his reign were to restore Rome's finances after Nero's wasteful reign, to restore discipline in the army after the civil wars and to ensure the succession of his son Titus. He was successful in all three. The immunity from taxation that Nero had given to the Greeks was revoked, and the Colosseum was begun in Rome with spoils from the conquest of Jerusalem. Vespasian's relations with the senate were on the whole excellent and he set an example by living a relatively simple life. The Roman historian Tacitus observed that he was the first man to improve after becoming emperor. Vespasian died in 79 AD.


Who directed the 1999 film American Beauty?

Movie Review -  - FILM REVIEW; Dad's Dead, And He's Still a Funny Guy - NYTimes.com FILM REVIEW; Dad's Dead, And He's Still a Funny Guy By JANET MASLIN Published: September 15, 1999 Lester Burnham, played with heavenly finesse by Kevin Spacey in his wittiest and most agile screen performance yet, is a buttoned-down 42-year-old who desperately needs to stop and smell the roses. But he won't get much joy from the ones in his suburban yard. These fussed-over specimens are the handiwork of Lester's wife, Carolyn (Annette Bening), whom Lester introduces at the start of ''American Beauty'' with the same devilish acuity that keeps the rest of this satire so scalding. ''See the way the handle on those pruning shears matches her gardening clogs? That's not an accident,'' Lester remarks. That Lester happens to be dead when he says this contributes significantly to the film's darker side. ''American Beauty,'' directed with terrific visual flair by the English stage director Sam Mendes (''Cabaret'') and replete with the kinds of delicate, eroticized power-playing vignettes found in his production of ''The Blue Room,'' strikes an unusually successful balance between the mordant and bright. Its vision of curdled suburbia, where Lester's marriage is ''a commercial for how normal we are when we're anything but,'' is also somehow embraced with unlikely affection. And it manages to end on a note of acceptance, even in the wake of its forced yet brilliantly staged, devastating climax. As written crisply by Alan Ball (who, like Mr. Mendes, makes a most attention-getting film debut), ''American Beauty'' takes aim at targets that are none too fresh. His Lester is not the first super-bland suburban paragon to drop out with a vengeance, nor does Carolyn amount to a new take on the ambitious, frigid wife. But as in bourgeoisie-barbecuing movies from ''The Graduate'' to ''Election,'' it's the little things that turn the stereotype into something memorable, from the sugary sound of ''Bali H'ai'' at an otherwise glum Burnham family dinner to the father-daughter give-and-take between Lester and teen-age Jane (Thora Birch, in a veritable Christina Ricci role). ''So Janie, how was school?'' he asks, to which the sarcastic reply is: ''It was spectacular, Dad.'' The film is set in motion when Lester, also none too originally, goes ape for a nubile blond cheerleader (Mena Suvari, lately seen in ''American Pie''). That she happens to be Jane's friend doesn't stop Lester from imagining red rose petals floating out of her open sweater. (Mr. Mendes's rueful, cleanly minimalist camera style often gives way to such eloquent flights of fancy.) She is stimulus enough for him to wake up out of a marriage-long coma and start considering life's livelier possibilities. ''Red 1970 Firebird, the car I always wanted and now I have it,'' says Lester of his new vehicle, the one that suits his new career at a fast food restaurant. ''I rule!'' Mr. Spacey's way of wringing every bit of nasty hilarity out of a line like that is itself worth the price of admission. (His enunciation of ''Don't interrupt me, honey'' is on an evil par with Jack Nicholson ''Heeere's Johnny!'') But ''American Beauty'' is also loaded with equally colorful supporting characters who seem to drift casually through the film until all their fates converge. The teen-age voyeur next door is Ricky Fitts (Wes Bentley), whose mother (Allison Janney) is as wordlessly miserable as Carolyn is pert. (Ms. Bening is scathingly funny, and also quite graceful, as a walking monument to despicable values.) Meanwhile, Ricky's ramrod father (Chris Cooper, doing a wonderful deadpan) is a military man notably out of touch with everyone around him. When two neighbors who cohabit and are both named Jim describe themselves as partners, Ricky's father wants to know what business they're in. (Tax attorney and anesthesiologist.) ''American Beauty'' hammers heavily on the notion that nonconformity is needed here. That thought is repeated frequently and never carries a whit of surprise. But scene by scene, the film is full of i


On which motorway is the Tamworth service station?

Tamworth Services M42 - Motorway Services Information Tamworth Services M42 Other ratings from visitors to the site Truckers Where: at J10 and from a5 County: Staffordshire Type: Single site, used by traffic in both directions Operator: Moto Eat-In Food: Costa,, Greggs, Burger King, Eat & Drink Co. Takeaway Food / General: M&S Simply Food, Spar Other Non-Food Shops: Ladbrokes, WH Smith Picnic Area: yes Children's Playground: Yes Cash Machines in main building: Yes (free) Parking Charges: Free for 2 hours, charges apply for longer stays. HGV with food voucher: £21 (without voucher: £19.50) - Car: £12


Deer antlers are made of true bone that is fed by the covering of velvet. WHITETAIL DEER - ANTLERS Antlers are made of true bone that is fed by blood which is carried in the outer velvet covering. Velvet antlers are hot to the touch, with brushy hair and a waxy feeling coating. Deer need both protein and minerals to grow their antlers. This is in contrast to horned animals whose horns are made of keratin (like fingernails), who do not shed, and who need only protein to grow their horns optimally. Appreciate too that whitetails must grow a new set of antlers every year, while animals who have horns only need to add gradually to their existing horns. This buck's antlers have quite a bit of growing to do as you can tell by the clublike tips. A buck in velvet is sensitive and extremely protective of his antlers. These bucks will not fight or spar with their antlers when still in velvet, and if provoked they will rise to strike with their just as deadly hooves instead. Watching a buck in velvet slipping through the woods, you will see him delicately turn to avoid brushing the branches with his antlers. This buck is enjoying a very delicate scratch to his itchy, velvet antlers. A buck that is in hard horn knows it, and it makes him cocky. If a buck in hard horn sees a more dominant buck who has already shed his antlers, or has broken his antlers or who is still in velvet, the "fully armed" buck can take advantage and play the bully. The whitetail's antlers are not just for defense. The antlers are used for two other important purposes, both related to reproduction. One purpose is to advertise to females their good health, mature age and fitness as a mate. The other purpose is to use them as a grappling tool to engage in a test of status and breeding fitness against other bucks. Male rank is not usually determined by all out fighting. The bucks mainly spar to see who is the stronger contender, but they can also spar in a friendly way, for practice, even with a much smaller buck, or a young one; and if the large buck's rack is too large, he might offer the young buck just one of his antlers to lock onto. In the typical sparring match the bucks lock their antlers, twist their necks and push in circles, with each deer trying to throw the other off balance. This will show both bucks who is the fittest. A head-on death match can sometimes occur between two steamed up, equally matched opponents. Obviously though, if that was the usual way, the damage that they did to each other would not allow for much breeding because the bucks would be dead, dying or severely injured, and the winner of a match as much as the looser can go off to a slow death from his wounds. As it is, bucks suffer many injuries in the normal, "gentler" sparring contests of a breeding season, and that comes in addition to the other severe stresses they endure. This deformed antler is most likely from an injury to it when the buck was in early velvet and the antler was just a nub. Freak antlers like this are not uncommon, but they usually are not so radical. This photo is from last year, and we know now that the injury was not to the deeper pedicle because his antlers this year are beautifully symmetrical The buck has a cloth over his eyes because he was sedated, and--just like covering a horse's eyes during a fire will calm it and allow you to lead it to safety--blocking a deer's vision, either this way, or by darkening its surroundings, will similarly help in calming it. In the dark the prey animal's anxiety and flight responses are lessened dramatically. This means less stress and fewer injuries. A deer in a panic can easily kill the person handling him, and can easily kill himself. After rubbing off their velvet, over one day or a few days, bucks start to rub and play fight with trees and brush.  A buck can sometimes hang from a tree by his antlers if they get locked in the branches, but the boisterous buck in the end does manage to wriggle loose. You can easily spot the buck rubs as saplings with the bark rubbed off. If you see a sapling scraped t


The 100 best novels: No 50 – Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf (1925) | Books | The Guardian The 100 best novels The 100 best novels: No 50 – Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf (1925) Woolf's great novel makes a day of party preparations the canvas for themes of lost love, life choices and mental illness 'What is this terror? What is this ecstasy?' Virginia Woolf takes on the big questions in Mrs Dalloway. Photograph: Central Press/Getty Images Share on Messenger Close In the spring of 1924, Virginia Woolf , then in her 40s, gave a famous lecture, later published as the essay Mr Bennett and Mrs Brown, in which she declared that "we are trembling on the verge of one of the great ages of English literature". She might have been speaking about herself. In the next 15-odd years, before her suicide, Woolf would transform the English literary landscape forever. She would innovate (To the Lighthouse); she would flirt (Orlando); she would provoke (A Room of One's Own) and, privately, would dazzle herself and her friends with a stream of letters (and diaries), all of which reveal a writer's mind at full tilt. Woolf is one of the giants of this series, and Mrs Dalloway, her fourth novel, is one of her greatest achievements, a book whose afterlife continues to inspire new generations of writers and readers. Like Ulysses (no 46 in this series), it takes place in the course of a single day, probably 13 June 1923. Unlike Joyce's masterpiece, Woolf's female protagonist is an upper-class English woman living in Westminster who is planning a party for her husband, a mid-level Tory politician. As Clarissa Dalloway's day unfolds, in and around Mayfair, we discover that not only is she being treated in Harley Street for severe depression, a familiar subject to Woolf, but she also conceals a troubled past replete with unarticulated love and suggestions of lesbianism. Equally troubled is the novel's second main character, explicitly a "double", a Great War veteran who fought in France "to save an England which consisted almost entirely of Shakespeare's plays". Septimus Warren Smith is suffering from shell shock and is on his way to a consultation with Clarissa's psychiatrist. Mingled with the preparations for the party, the stream-of-consciousness exploration of Mrs Dalloway's inner state is broken by an irruption of senseless violence when Septimus, who is waiting to be taken to an asylum, throws himself out of a window. News of Septimus's suicide becomes a topic of conversation at Mrs Dalloway's party, where Woolf indicates Clarissa's deep sympathy for the dead man's suffering. The novel ends unresolved, but on a note of suspenseful menace. "What is this terror?" writes Woolf. "What is this ecstasy?" Her mature work would be devoted to exploring these questions. A note on the text Mrs Dalloway, published by the Hogarth Press with a striking Vanessa Bell dust jacket on 14 May 1925, was a novel that grew out of two previous short stories, Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street and The Prime Minister. The latter makes his appearance at the party at the end of the novel. Clarissa also appeared in Woolf's first novel, The Voyage Out, as well as in five of her short stories. Mrs Dalloway's literary influence can be seen in Michael Cunningham's The Hours and perhaps also in Ian McEwan's novel Saturday, which takes place on a single day, 15 February 2003. Three more from Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse (1927); Orlando (1928); A Room of One's Own (1929).


Which team won the FA Cup in both the last final to be played at the old Wembley stadium and the first to be played at the new one?

The FA Cup Finalists 2000-2009 - Historical Football Kits English League Teams > FA Cup Finals English FA Cup Finalists 2000 - 2009 By the turn of the century, Wembley Stadium was showing its age and its facilities were far inferior to the new club stadia that were being built around the UK. In 2000, the stadium was torn down and work begun on the new Wembley. Sadly the iconic twin towers were not preserved but in their place the designers put a graceful steel arch that could be seen right across London. The FA Cup's new temporary home was the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, a magnificent state of the art structure built for the 1999 Rugby World Cup. 1999 - 2000 Liverpool 3 West Ham United 3 (Liverpool won 3-1 on penalties) venue Millennium Stadium, Cardiff date 13 May 2006 The new Wembley Stadium was behind schedule so the final stayed in Cardiff and was again decided on penalties. West Ham scored after seven minutes (Carragher og) and twenty minutes later they had a second. Liverpool came storming back and had a goal disallowed before Cisse volleyed home on 32 minutes. Ten minutes after the break, Gerrard equalised but West Ham stunned the Liverpool support by taking back the lead when Konchesky sent over a high cross that looped over Reina in the into the net. Liverpool teams generally do not know when they are beaten and this side was no exception. As the match went into injury time and the Hammers' fans prepared to celebrate, Liverpool's captain Steve Gerrard scored from 35 yards. There was little action in extra-time and both teams were prepared to settle for a penalty contest. Reina saved three penalties in the shoot-out, an exciting climax to what was considered the best final for 20 years.   Portsmouth 1 Cardiff City 0 venue Wembley Stadium date 17 May 2008 For once none of the four big Premiership sides featured in the FA Cup final of 2008. Both teams had previously won the cup before the Second World War, Cardiff in 1927 and Portsmouth in 1939. The match was closely contested and only a single goal, snatched by Kanu when the Cardiff goalkeeper fumbled in the 38th minute, separated the sides. In the second half Cardiff, wearing the lucky black kit that had seen them through both quarter- and semi-finals, pressed their Premier League opponents harder and harder but could not find their way through. For the first time in 69 years the famous Pompey Chimes rang out at Wembley Stadium.   venue Wembley Stadium date 30 May 2009 The final was put back to the end of May to ensure that it would be the climax to the domestic season. On a baking hot day in brilliant sunshine, Everton, playing in their first final since 1995, could not have asked for a better start when Louis Saha scored after just 25 seconds, the fastest ever goal in a cup final. Chelsea came back strongly to equalise midway through the first half, Didier Drogba finding space between Everton's central defenders to head home Malouda's cross. Chelsea dominated the second half but, with both teams committed to the attack, the match might have gone either way before Lampard let fly a terrific strike from distance that beat Tim Howard in the Everton goal with sheer pace. Chelsea could have had a third when Malouda's powerful shot hit the underside of the bar and bounced back into play: TV replays showed that the ball had crossed the line in an uncanny recreation of Geoff Hurst's 1966 World Cup final goal.


Which shipping area lies immediately to the east of Dogger?

List of British Sea Areas as listed in the weather report for shipping on BBC Radio4 Here's a nice but big (162K) map I scanned it from the Radio Times, they managed to forget Bailey so I had to edit it in, which is why the lines and font are a bit dodgy there. Here's one from the Met Office , a lot smaller but not as pretty, but it DOES have Trafalgar on it, and it makes the Lat and Longs more obvious. South East Iceland: 64N18W..65N14W..63N7W..62N11W (roughly) Faeroes: 63N7W..62N3W..59N7W..62N11W (roughly) Fair Isle: 62N3W..61N00..58N00..58N5W..59N7W (roughly) The above 3 form a diagonal band from the coast of Iceland down to the Greenwich Meridian at the Shetlands on the northern edge, and the Scottish coast on the southern edge. Fair Isle is 5 sided to get back into the normal squarish grid. Bailey: Between 10W and 15W from South East Iceland down to about 58N Rockall: Between 10W and 15W from Bailey (58N) down to 53N Shannon: Between 10W and 15W, from Rockall down to 50N, and including the bits off the Irish coast. Hebrides: The bit between Faeroes and Fair Isle, the Scottish coast, 10W, and 57N Malin: Below Hebrides, between Rockall and the coasts, down to the narrowest point between England and Ireland Irish Sea: The Irish Sea from Malin down to the narrowest point between Wales and Ireland Lundy: Bounded by the south Welsh and north Cornish coasts, out to about 6.5W Fastnet: Between Lundy and Shannon, with the south Irish coast above and 50N below Sole: 6.5W..15W and 50N..48.27N, below Shannon and Fastnet Finisterre, now renamed Fitzroy: Below Sole Biscay: From Finisterre to the French coast Plymouth: The mouth of the Channel to about 8W, Biscay below, Sole to the left Portland: Up the channel from Plymouth to about 2W Wight: From Portland to a line from about 50N2E(France) to 51N1E(England) Dover: From Wight to a line matching the latitude 51N, near enough Thames: Moving out towards the North Sea, as far as about 52.5N Humber: Up to 54N, but loses a degree of its eastern extent halfway up Tyne: A tiny bit about a degree wide along the coast from Humber up to about 56N Dogger: Tyne to the left, Humber below, 4E at the right, up to about 56N German Bight: From Humber and Dogger on the left to the continental coast Forties: Directly above Dogger, ie about 56N..58.5N and 1W..4E Forth: Between Forties and the Scottish coast, stopping at 57N Cromarty: Between Forties and the Scottish coast, from Forth up to 58.5N or so, where it meets Fair Isle Viking: Above Forties with Fair Isle to the west Fisher: East of Forties and north of German Bight, but only as far as about 57.5N North Utsire, South Utsire: The last bit between Viking and Forties and the Scandinavian coast I appear to have listed them in the reverse order to that used by the weather forecasters. Never mind!


In which country can you find the ruins of the Roman town of Leptis Magna?

Leptis Magna - Tripoli, Libya - History and Visitor Information Site information Leptis Magna HISTORY Leptis Magna (Lepcis Magna) is an incredibly well preserved archaeological site in Tripoli, Libya. Originally founded by the Phoenicians as the port of Lpgy in the first millennium BC, Leptis Magna later became part of the Carthaginian Empire and was then incorporated into the Roman Empire in 46 BC. Most of the remaining structures now found at the site of Leptis Magna are indeed Roman and originate from the reign of Septimius Severus. Emperor of Rome from 193 AD, Severus was born in Leptis Magna and, as such, he invested heavily in developing his home city, transforming it into one of the most important of Africa’s Roman cities. Leptis Magna became a beautiful place and a marvel of Severan planning. Among the many remains found in Severus' home city, the marketplace, Severan Basilica, the Forum, the Amphitheatre and the Severan Arch represent some of the best preserved Roman sites in the Mediterranean. These sites remain visible at the site despite the various invasions that befell Leptis Magna from the fourth century onwards, finally falling to the Hilalians in the eleventh century. Today, Leptis Magna is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Check the official advice of your country’s foreign office before considering travelling to Libya.


Which country's flag consists of 3 vertical stripes of red, white and red?

Category:Flags with three vertical stripes, one white, two red - Wikimedia Commons Category:Flags with three vertical stripes, one white, two red From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. N ► National flag of Canada  (3 C, 34 F) P ► National flag of Peru  (2 C, 12 F) Media in category "Flags with three vertical stripes, one white, two red" The following 75 files are in this category, out of 75 total.


In which African country is the Okavango Delta?

Okavango Delta - Botswana Safari Okavango Delta Search Okavango Delta The Okavango Delta is incredible, a water wonderland and the camps offer a combination of game drives, walking, boating and mokoro trips, which are the traditional dug-out canoes you may have heard about. A mokoro trip is the quintessential Delta experience – you’ll have a guide or “poler” to steer you along the waterways as you sit back and enjoy the scenery. The jewel of Botswana is the Okavango Delta, a fresh water wetland in the remote northern reaches. It is one of the most sought after wilderness destinations in the world! The fact that the Okavango Delta exists at all is one of those miracles of nature. The annual floodwaters find their way from the Angolan highlands 1,000kms away, into the Okavango River, and once through the Caprivi the water spills over the vast, fan shaped Okavango Delta. Journey into this wilderness for serenity, tranquillity and heart stopping game viewing! The Delta and Moremi Reserve (a protected area within the Okavango Delta) are full of waterways and lagoons, dry land and islands, sand, salt and fresh water. Big game viewing is standard. The diversity within this eco-system is staggering. Recorded to date: 122 mammals, 71 fish species, 444 bird species, 64 reptiles and 1,300 species of flowering plants. There are 2 distinct seasons in the Okavango Delta.  The Okavango Delta is popular for experiencing the local mode of transport – the Mokoro. Wind your way through the channels and lagoons in one of these traditional canoes. It is quite a thrilling experience watching nature unfold around you from the seat of your Mokoro. Some areas of the Okavango Delta have water year round. There are areas that are affected by the floods, making the water levels too low for Mokoros before the rains. If you are unsure of when to go let one of our expert consultants guide and advise. The Okavango Delta is a unique experience had nowhere else in the world. It is a destination worth many visits. It also makes for a great combination with Chobe National Park or the dry salt pans of Makgadikgadi or the Kalahari Desert. It is remarkable to see such different landscapes and wildlife in one country at the Okavango Delta. From $2008.8 Vumbura Plains is far beyond any Botswana safari camp you will have seen before. Each of the two camps' large, luxurious safari tents is raised off the ground on wooden decks, consisting of a bedroom, lounge, shower and full en-suite bathroom. This ensures a sublime accommodation experience amidst the beauty of the Okavango Delta area. Read More From $1348.8 Tucked away on a remote island in a private reserve in the Okavango Delta is Little Vumbura - a luxurious camp that includes just six safari tents. From the camp, you will be able to explore the waterways of the Okavango Delta by power boat, or for a more sedate experience, by mokoro as you take in the spectacular scenery. Read More From $2580.336 Situated in the heart of the Okavango Delta in Botswana, Abu Camp offers visitors the unique opportunity to bond with elephants up close and personal. From its location in a vast private reserve of 180, 000 hectares, you will have the chance to interact with the camp's resident troop of African elephants that ensure an unforgettable Botswana safari experience. Read More From $1231.2 The small and highly exclusive nature of Kwetsani Camp ensures a far more intimate African safari experience, with just five raised safari suites sleeping a total of 10 guests. Relaxing evenings spent around the camp fire offer the chance to swap stories each night under the stars, while daily game drives in the morning and evening are sure to give you lots to talk about. Read More From $1348.8 Chitabe Camp is a luxurious safari camp that borders the world famous Moremi Wildlife Reserve. This beautiful reserve is one of the premier locations found within the Okavango Delta in Botswana, and is teeming with a large variety of game and bird life. Chitabe offers the perfect position to enjoy the many attractions within the area in true comf


Currency in Iran - درگاه ملی خدمات الکترونیکی ایران Language and Literature Flag Calendar Nature Climate Provinces People Shrine Currency Attraction History Attractions Geography Currency in Iran The currency in Iran, or the money used, is called the rial (pronounced ‘reeyaal’). The rial is like the dollar or a pound in that is made up of 100 pieces, in Iran called dinars. However, due to high inflation one riyal is worth so little that no fraction of it is really used on a day to day basis. The rial was first introduced as the currency in Iran in 1798 as a coin. Back then it was worth 1250 dinars. Then in 1825 the rial ceased to be issued. The kran of 1000 dinars was then issued as part of a decimal system. The rial replaced the kran at par in 1932, although it was divided into one hundred (new) dinars. When talking money in Iran you may hear the term “toman”. The toman is an old term but is no longer an official currency. However it is is still used on a daily basis in Iran and it refers to the amount of ten rials.   Iranian rial The rial (ISO 4217 code IRR) is the currency of Iran. It is subdivided into 100 dinar but, because of the very low current value of the rial, no fraction of the rial is used in accounting. Although the "toman" is no longer an official unit of Iranian currency, Iranians commonly express amounts of money and prices of goods in "tomans." For this purpose, one "toman" equals 10 rials. Despite this usage, amounts of money and prices of goods are virtually always written in rials. For example, the sign next to a loaf of bread in a store would state the price in rials, e.g., "200 Rials," even though the clerk, if asked, would say that the bread costs "20 tomans." There is no official symbol for the currency but the Iranian standard ISIRI 820 defined a symbol for use on typewriters (mentioning that it is an invention of the standards committee itself) and the two Iranian standards ISIRI 2900 and ISIRI 3342 define a character code to be used for it. History The rial was first introduced in 1798 as a coin worth 1250 dinar or one eighth of a toman. In 1825, the rial ceased to be issued, with the qiran of 1000 dinars (one tenth of a toman) being issued as part of a decimal system. The rial replaced the qiran at par in 1932, although it was divided into one hundred (new) dinars. Prior to decimalisation in 1932, these coins and currencies were used, and some of these terms still have wide usage in Iranian languages and proverbs:


King Henry VIII | Britroyals Children: Three legitimate who survived infancy; Mary, Elizabeth and Edward, and at least one illegitimate child Henry Fitzroy. Died: January 28, 1547 at Whitehall Palace, London, aged 55 years, 7 months, Buried at: Windsor Reigned for: 37 years, 9 months, and 7 days Succeeded by: his son Edward VI King of England from 1509, when he succeeded his father Henry VII and married Catherine of Aragon, the widow of his elder brother Arthur. During the period 1513�29 Henry pursued an active foreign policy, largely under the guidance of his Lord Chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, who shared Henry's desire to make England stronger. Wolsey was replaced by Thomas More in 1529 for failing to persuade the Pope to grant Henry a divorce. By this time Henry's policy had become dominated by his desire to divorce Catherine because she was too old to give him an heir and he was determined to marry Anne Boleyn. At first there seemed a possibility that the divorce might be granted. The papal legate journeyed to England to hear the case, but Catherine appealed direct to the pope and the court was adjourned. The position was complicated by the fact that Charles V, Catherine's nephew, controlled Rome. Henry then proceeded to act through Parliament, and had the entire body of the clergy in England declared guilty of treason in 1531. The clergy were suitably cowed and agreed to repudiate papal supremacy and recognize Henry as supreme head of the church in England. The English ecclesiastical courts then pronounced his marriage to Catherine null and void and he married Anne Boleyn in 1533 Henry through Thomas Cromwell continued his attack on the church with the suppression of the monasteries (1536�39); their lands were confiscated and granted to his supporters. However, although he laid the ground for the English Reformation by the separation from Rome, he had little sympathy with Protestant dogmas. As early as 1521 a pamphlet which he had written against Lutheranism had won him the title of Fidei Defensor from the Pope, and Henry's own religious views are quite clearly expressed in the Statute of Six Articles in 1539 which instituted the orthodox Catholic tenets as necessary conditions for Christian belief. As a result Protestants were being burnt for heresy even while Catholics were being executed for refusing to take the oath of supremacy. Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536, ostensibly for adultery. Henry's third wife, Jane Seymour, died in 1537. He married Anne of Cleves in 1540 in pursuance of Thomas Cromwell's policy of allying with the German Protestants, but rapidly abandoned this policy, divorced Anne, and beheaded Cromwell. His fifth wife, Catherine Howard, was beheaded in 1542, and the following year he married Catherine Parr, who survived him. Henry ended his reign with the reputation of a tyrant, despite the promise of his earlier years � in 1536 the rebellion known as the Pilgrimage of Grace was viciously suppressed, and advisers of the calibre of More and Bishop John Fisher had died rather than sacrifice their own principles to Henry's will. But the power of the crown had been considerably strengthened by Henry's ecclesiastical policy, and the monastic confiscations gave impetus to the rise of a new nobility which was to become influential in succeeding reigns. King Henry VIII's Signature Quotes: �We are, by the sufferance of God, King of England; and the Kings of England in times past never had any superior but God� � Henry VIII 'If a man shall take his brother's wife it is an unclean thing... they shall be childless' � King Henry VIII (quoting The Bible, Leviticus, XX,21, as justification for seeking divorce from Catherine of Aragon who had previously been married to his brother Prince Arthur) �...to wish myself (specially an evening) in my sweetheart's arms, whose pretty ducks [breasts] I trust shortly to kiss�� - King Henry VIII (love letter to Ann Boleyn) �You have sent me a Flanders mare!� - King Henry VIII (on first meeting Anne of Cleves who was about to become his 4th wife) Timeline for King Henry VIII