What was Prime Minister William Gladstone's middle name?

William Ewart Gladstone (1809-1898) William Ewart Gladstone (1809-1898) [ Victorian Web Home —> Political History —> Prime Ministers ] William Ewart Gladstone served as Prime Minister four times — from 3 December 1868 to 17 February 1874; from 23 April 1880 to 9 June  1885; from 1 February to 20 July 1886; and from 15 August 1892 to 2 March 1894. Gladstone, who was born on 29 December 1809 at Rodney Street, Liverpool, was the fourth  son and fifth child of a family of six born to Sir John Gladstone and his wife  Anne Mackenzie Robertson. Sir John Gladstone made his fortune in trade especially  with America and the West Indies: it was there that he owned sugar plantations.  William Gladstone was educated at a preparatory school at Seaforth Vicarage  near Liverpool before attending Eton between 1821 and 1827. From there he went  to Christ Church, Oxford, between 1828 and 1831. In 1831 he spoke at the Oxford  Union against the Reform Act, saying that any electoral reform would lead to  revolution. His Degree was in Classics but he also studied Mathematics and in  1831 was awarded a Double First in the subjects. In the 1832 election following  the passing of the Reform Act he was elected as  the Tory MP for Newark-on-Trent, on the influence of the Duke of Newcastle;  he took the seat of Michael Sadler, the factory reformer .  He then went on a Grand Tour of Europe, visiting Belgium, France and various  centres in Italy. On his return in 1833 he entered Lincoln's Inn, but by 1839  he had requested that his name should be removed from the list because he no  longer intended to be called to the Bar. Gladstone's maiden speech was made on 3 June 1833 during the Committee stage  of the Bill for the Abolition of Slavery in  the British empire. His father was a West Indian slave-owner and Gladstone defended him against allegations of maltreating his slaves. The following year Gladstone was appointed as a junior Lord of the Treasure by Sir Robert Peel who had just formed his first ministry. Two weeks later Disraeli and Gladstone met for the first time: Gladstone was appalled by Disraeli's "foppish" attire. Later in life the two would become great parliamentary rivals; there was no friendship between them throughout their long political lives. On 27 January Gladstone was made Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies but his appointment lasted only until April when Peel resigned. In June 1839 Gladstone became engaged to Catherine Glynne, the daughter of Sir Stephen Glynne of Hawarden Castle. The Glynnes were an old Whig family and Catherine was related through the maternal line to the Grenville family. The couple were married the following month and had a family of four boys and four girls. In January 1840 Gladstone began his work of rescuing and rehabilitating London prostitutes, and in 1848 he founded the Church Penitentiary Association for the Reclamation of Fallen Women. Following the defeat of Lord Melbourne 's government  in 1841, Sir Robert Peel formed his second ministry and Gladstone was appointed  to the post of Vice-President of the Board of Trade; he accepted reluctantly  on the grounds that his lack of knowledge of trade made him unfit for the appointment.  It was in his official capacity that he first dined with Queen Victoria at Buckingham palace and was appalled to find that there was no chaplain present and that grace was not said prior to the meal. In May 1843 Gladstone was made President of the Board of Trade and a Cabinet member; he was responsible for the passing  of the ' parliamentary train Act ' in 1844 that  provided for one train each way, each day, carrying third class passengers at  no more than 1d. per mile at not less than 12 miles per hour. In 1838 Gladstone had published his book The Church and its Relations to  the Church, in which he said that the State possessed a conscience and had a duty to distinguish between truth   and error in religion. Doctrinal differences were, therefore, matters of great   importance. The Established Church w


Lake Champlain's Pike Family, The Esox Genus Lake Champlain's Pike Family, The Esox Genus By Captain Mick Maynard Lake Champlain Angler Charters   Lake Champlain's diverse warm-water fishery includes several members of the Esox genus of fish, more commonly referred to as the pike family. These fearsome torpedo shaped predators are known for their razor sharp teeth and vicious last second strikes. Seven species of this elongated freshwater fish exist on earth today. They include the muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), northern pike (Esox lucius), southern pike (Esox flaviae), amur pike (Esox reichertii), chain pickerel (Esox niger), redfin pickerel (Esox americanus) and grass pickerel (Esox americanus vermiculatus). Not all of these seven species inhabit Lake Champlain. The three most predominant Esox in the Champlain watershed are the muskellunge, the northern pike, and the Chain pickerel. There are less copious populations of redfin pickerel in the lake.    The largest of the three predominant cousins, the muskellunge, is found primarily in river systems. Muskellunge were at one time native to the Champlain basin and plentiful in several tributaries. It is thought that this indigenous population was of the same strain native to the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. Since the mid 1960's the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation has been stocking the Ohio River strain in the Great Chazy River where there now exists a relatively healthy population. That same Ohio River strain was also introduced to Chautauqua Lake years ago and it is from this lake that NYDEC currently obtains its stocks to supplement the Great Chazy River.   Marshall Maynard carefully hoists a young Great Chazy River muskellunge for a photograph before releasing it to mature and challenge yet another angler   Lake Champlain is not only managed and stocked by New York State's fisheries staff. A cooperative management effort exists on this bountiful watershed that borders New York and Vermont. Another stocking program on the Vermont side of Lake Champlain occurred in the 1980s when fish obtained from Pennsylvania were stocked in upper Otter Creek. This population has been self-sustaining and has now spread downstream inhabiting the lower river as well. The Vermont state record muskellunge is also considered by many to be the Lake Champlain record since it was caught below the first barrier of the Misissquoi River, another primary lake tributary. That landmark fish, caught in the early fall of 2005 by Chris Beebe, weighed in at 38.22 pounds! Genetic testing of the specimen showed that it was of the strain stocked by New York State fisheries managers in the Great Chazy River and may have subsequently migrated to the Missisquoi.   Pictured above is Chris Beebe's Vermont State Record Muskellunge that was caught in 2005 in the Missisquoi River, but it was likely stocked in the Great Chazy River in New York. Photo courtesy of Shawn Good, Vermont Fish and Wildlife   The last known native population of muskellunge in Vermont inhabited the Missisquoi River above the Swanton Dam. In 1979 that small indigenous stock was poisoned and wiped out by a pollution spill. Efforts to take down the Swanton Dam are supported by most anglers, wildlife officials and fisheries managers because the removal will restore miles of spawning habitat for muskellunge as well as Atlantic salmon, sturgeon and walleye. In 2008 a management program was established by the Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department to reintroduce muskellunge into the Missisquoi River and its delta. It is important to note that if a muskellunge is caught in Vermont waters, it must be released. The Vermont Fish & Wildlife agency has implemented a mandatory catch-and-release regulation on these fish while their restoration program is underway. Harvest is prohibited so anglers should take the time to familiarize themselves with the proper identification of the various members of the pike family (see below).   If a fisherman catches what they believe to be a muskellunge while fishing the Vermont side


The Daily Slate,The Daily Slab and the Daily Granite are newspapers featured in which TV cartoon series?

Bedrock | The Flintstones | Fandom powered by Wikia Bedrock is the city where the Flintstones live. Contents [ show ] Size Though the first two seasons' opening credits of the original Flintstones series stated the town's population as only 2,500 people (though it did swell to 30,000 in a dream sequence in the sixth season episode entitled "Rip Van Flintstone"), Bedrock was generally presented as a medium-sized American city, with all the amenities of such, but with a "prehistoric" twist. For instance, dinosaurs were seen being used as cranes at the town's most well-known employer, "Slate Rock and Gravel" (also known as "Rockhead and Quarry Cave Construction Company" in the series' earlier episodes). Features The climate of Bedrock is somewhat undetermined, since different Flintstones episodes and media have portrayed it differently. Palm trees and cycads are common yard trees, suggesting a warm climate. However, episodes and movies set at Christmas time depicted plenty of snow. Sometimes the wilderness on Bedrock's outskirts appears to be desert-like, whereas at other times it resembles a tropical/subtropical jungle (as shown in the opening scenes of the theatrical animated movie The Man Called Flintstone).    The people of Bedrock tend to be fairly friendly, if not without having various quirks. The denizens of Bedrock have a strong sense of civic spirit and tend to participate in various charities, parades, and so forth. The city is home to a number of service organizations, the best known of which (in the context of the Flintstones television series) is the Loyal Order of Water Buffalos, which counts among its membership Fred Flintstone and Barney Rubble. Law and Government A police department helps protect the residents; for a period of time, Fred and Barney were members as part-time police officers.   Bedrock has also been shown as having a volunteer fire department, although the episode in which the volunteer fire department was introduced suggests the uselessness of such a service in a city of stone buildings; instead, its members use it as an excuse to create a social club. However several other episodes feature a more traditional full-time firefighting service.   Also located near Bedrock is Camp Millstone Army Base, where Fred and his best friend Barney Rubble were stationed after they were mistakenly inducted into the Army. Bedrock's city government plays a role in The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show episode "Mayor May Not," where Pebbles becomes the city's temporary student mayor for a week.   Regarding health care, Bedrock had the Rockapedic Hospital, where Pebbles was born. Media For a town its size, Bedrock has a sizeable concentration of media. Bedrock has at least several radio stations (one of which has the call letters "BDRX"), several television stations, and several newspapers. One of Bedrock's TV stations is an affiliate of ABC (the "Abbadabba Broadcasting Company"). Later spinoffs show the people of Bedrock also enjoy cable and satellite television service. Television programs produced in Bedrock included the cooking program The Happy Housewife Show (which, for a time, starred Wilma) and the teen dance program Shinrock. Other favorite programs of Bedrock citizens, though not produced there, include such fare as Peek-a-Boo Camera and variety program The Ed Sulleystone Show. One of Bedrock's newspapers is The Daily Granite, edited by Lou Granite. For a time, The Daily Granite employed Wilma Flintstone and Betty Rubble as reporters. Another newspaper is The Daily Slab (which usually ended up clobbering Fred after being "delivered" by Arnold the Newsboy). There are also two recording companies located in Bedrock, the Keen Teen Record Company and the Flippo Record Company. Cultural and Educational Institutions In terms of educational features, Bedrock apparently has just one high school, Bedrock High School, alma mater of Fred Flintstone, his wife Wilma, and later his daughter Pebbles. Universities in or near Bedrock include Prinstone University, as well as its arch rival school Shale University;


What is the traditional material used to make the Chinese cooking utensil the wok?

Chinese Cooking Utensils | Books and Resources | Site Map | Chinese Cooking Utensils Among the many Chinese Cooking Utensils that make preparing a Chinese meal a breeze, these are some of our favorites we keep in our kitchen: Metal or Bamboo steamers Cooking with a Wok - the most versatil of Chinese Cooking Utensils Almost any Chinese dish can be prepared using your normal pots and pans, but if I were to pick one utensil from a whole selection of Chinese cooking equipment, the Wok would certainly be up on the list. Why? What makes cooking with a wok so special?  The tall thiner walls provide the quick intense heat necessary for frying and the round bottom shape keep the ingredients at the center where the heat is higher. Also it is much easier to toss and turn the food without it falling all over the place, and it uses minimal amounts of oil for frying. That makes it the preferred Chinese cooking utensil for any recipe that calls for the stir-frying technique which is often used in Chinese cuisine. Cooking with a Wok with gas or electricity? The original wok is designed with a round bottom, and a Chinese kitchen has a bench with holes where the woks would fit. Below the bench is the fireplace where wood is burned to provide the heat. In a Western kitchen, a wok is best used with gas because the flame will heat up the entire wok quickly and evenly. The rounded bottom is not great for the flat stove tops but you can get a wok ring that keeps it in place. Depending on the size of the wok, the ring can also be used upside down to get that flame to cover as much of the bottom of the wok. You can also get a wok with a flat bottom, this is probably best for electric stoves as well because it maximizes the contact surface. We have an electric stove and can achieve excellent results with a flat bottom wok, just turn on the burner on to high and place the wok directly on it. Buying a Wok: Steel or Iron? One long handle or two short ones? What size Wok is best? Nowadays there are many kinds of woks available in the market: stainless steel, cast iron, teflon, one long handle, two short ones, rounded bottom, flat bottom... so what should you get? When shopping around, you will find that wok prices range from the inexpensive to the super deluxe gourmet models. We have tried several different types and have achieved great results without spending a bundle. A carbon steel wok is probably one of the best choices available, they heat up quickly and evenly, not only are they economical, they will also last a long time if used and maintained properly. Regardless of the type, keep in mind that most woks have to be seasoned or "prepared" before its first use. The woks come with a protective coating applied by the manufacturers which must be removed before use. You should follow the manufacturer's instructions to do this as the procedures vary depending on the type of wok you purchase. What about handles? Some woks come with two twin handles on the side, or one long handle with a side helper handle. We prefer the long handle since it makes it easier to move, toss, and tilt when stir-frying. How big should it be? That will depend on your personal needs, will you be cooking large or small quantities of food? Keep in mind that cooking a small portion of food in a large wok is not a problem unlike a regular skillet where the small quantities would get lost in the flat surface. We find that a 12-14 inch (30-35 cm.) wok is most useful. It can be used to fit a steamer as well. With the right size, your wok can become an indispensable chinese cooking utensil that can be used to prepare every day healthy meals. Care and maintenance of your Wok Caring for your wok is quite simple. Washing it after each use with a sponge and detergent like you would a regular skillet is about it. You can pre-soak in warm water to soften any "stuck" food, and make sure you dry it thoroughly to avoid rust in some cases. It is best to read the manufacturer's instructions since there are so many different types out in the market. Chinese Cleavers, Choppi


Who was Israel's Prime Minister at the time of the Yom Kippur War of 1973?

Yom Kippur War - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google 1973 Yom Kippur War: Background Israel’s stunning victory in the Six-Day War of 1967 left the Jewish nation in control of territory four times its previous size. Egypt lost the 23,500-square-mile Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and Syria lost the strategic Golan Heights. When Anwar el-Sadat (1918-81) became president of Egypt in 1970, he found himself leader of an economically troubled nation that could ill afford to continue its endless crusade against Israel. He wanted to make peace and thereby achieve stability and recovery of the Sinai, but after Israel’s 1967 victory it was unlikely that Israel’s peace terms would be favorable to Egypt. So Sadat conceived of a daring plan to attack Israel again, which, even if unsuccessful, might convince the Israelis that peace with Egypt was necessary. Did You Know? On October 6, 1981, Anwar Sadat was assassinated by Muslim extremists in Cairo while viewing a military parade commemorating the anniversary of Egypt’s crossing of the Suez Canal at the start of the Yom Kippur War. In 1972, Sadat expelled 20,000 Soviet advisers from Egypt and opened new diplomatic channels with Washington , D.C., which, as Israel’s key ally, would be an essential mediator in any future peace talks. He formed a new alliance with Syria, and a concerted attack on Israel was planned. Yom Kippur War: October 1973 When the fourth Arab-Israeli war began on October 6, 1973, many of Israel’s soldiers were away from their posts observing Yom Kippur (or Day of Atonement), and the Arab armies made impressive advances with their up-to-date Soviet weaponry. Iraqi forces soon joined the war, and Syria received support from Jordan. After several days, Israel was fully mobilized, and the Israel Defense Forces began beating back the Arab gains at a heavy cost to soldiers and equipment. A U.S. airlift of arms aided Israel’s cause, but President Richard Nixon (1913-94) delayed the emergency military aid for a week as a tacit signal of U.S. sympathy for Egypt. On October 25, an Egyptian-Israeli cease-fire was secured by the United Nations. Yom Kippur War: Aftermath Israel’s victory came at the cost of heavy casualties, and Israelis criticized the government’s lack of preparedness. In April 1974, the nation’s prime minister, Golda Meir (1898-1978), stepped down. Although Egypt had again suffered military defeat at the hands of its Jewish neighbor, the initial Egyptian successes greatly enhanced Sadat’s prestige in the Middle East and gave him an opportunity to seek peace. In 1974, the first of two Egyptian-Israeli disengagement agreements providing for the return of portions of the Sinai to Egypt were signed, and in 1979 Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin (1913-92) signed the first peace agreement between Israel and one of its Arab neighbors. In 1982, Israel fulfilled the 1979 peace treaty by returning the last segment of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. For Syria, the Yom Kippur War was a disaster. The unexpected Egyptian-Israeli cease-fire exposed Syria to military defeat, and Israel seized even more territory in the Golan Heights. In 1979, Syria voted with other Arab states to expel Egypt from the Arab League. Tags


Which American composer (18541932) was known as the March King?

America’s 10 Greatest Composers - American Profile Home American Icons America’s 10 Greatest Composers America’s 10 Greatest Composers American Icons, Featured Article, People http://americanprofile.com/articles/10-great-american-composers/ Library of Congress Richard Rodgers, Irving Berlin and Oscar Hammerstein II are watching hopefuls who are being auditioned on stage of the St. James Theatre. http://americanprofile.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/richard-rodgers-150x150.jpg America’s musical heritage includes composers who wrote some of the nation’s most enduring songs. Here’s a look at 10 of the best. Burt Bacharach, 1928- Known for unusual chord progressions and changing meters, Bacharach compositions have been sung by The Beatles (“Baby, It’s You”), B.J. Thomas (“Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head”) and The Carpenters (“Close to You”). Born in Kansas City, Mo., Bacharach, 84, with lyricist Hal David, wrote dozens of hits for Dionne Warwick during the 1960s and ’70s, including “Walk on By,” “I Say A Little Prayer” and “I’ll Never Fall in Love Again.” “He has this incredible knack for capturing phrases of the English language musically,” says Chris Sampson, songwriting professor and associate dean at the University of Southern California’s Thornton School of Music, which bestowed Bacharach its Legacy Award in 2006. Irving Berlin, 1888-1989 A Russian-born, naturalized U.S. citizen, Berlin left home at 14 to sing in New York City’s Bowery saloons following his father’s death. At 23, the self-taught composer catapulted to fame with “Alexander’s Ragtime Band.” During his nearly 60-year career, Berlin wrote about 1,500 songs, 18 movie scores and 19 Broadway shows. “Puttin’ On The Ritz,” “God Bless America” and “White Christmas” are among his most popular and enduring tunes. Composer George Gershwin pronounced Berlin “the greatest songwriter that has ever lived.” George M. Cohan, 1878-1942 Creator of the World War I march “Over There,” Cohan began performing in his family’s vaudeville act as a child. He went on to compose 50 Broadway musicals and more than 500 songs, including “Give My Regards To Broadway,” “The Yankee Doodle Boy” and “You’re a Grand Old Flag.” A native of Providence, R.I., Cohan—like Berlin—connected with people while capturing the essence of American culture, says Albert Harrison, music department chairman at Taylor University in Upland, Ind. Duke Ellington, 1899-1974 Born in Washington, D.C., Edward “Duke” Ellington began taking piano lessons at age 7. By 18, he and his band were playing for high-society functions in and around the nation’s capital. When Ellington moved to Harlem in his 20s, he began attracting crowds at the Cotton Club, a celebrated jazz nightclub, and fame followed. He composed most of his band’s music, writing thousands of songs including “It Don’t Mean a Thing If It Ain’t Got That Swing” and “Mood Indigo” and film scores for Anatomy of a Murder (1959) and Paris Blues (1961). “Some would be surprised to know at the end of his life he wrote sacred music and tried to incorporate the worship experience with jazz,” Harrison says. “I think he was doing it as an end-of-life statement. He got lukewarm reviews but said it was the most important thing he’d ever done.” Stephen Foster, 1826-1864 The Father of American Music was born in Pennsylvania and wrote more than 200 songs, including two state songs (Kentucky’s “My Old Kentucky Home” and Florida’s “Old Folks At Home”) and popular tunes such as “Oh! Susanna,” “Beautiful Dreamer” and “Camptown Races.” “Foster is regarded as the first professional American songwriter,” Sampson says. “I still see his music regularly performed in chorale ensembles.” Foster earned little money with his songs because copyright laws of the era provided limited protection. When he died in New York City at age 37, he was sick and impoverished. His worn leather wallet contained 38 cents in Civil War script, three pennies and a penciled scrap of paper that read, “Dear friends and gentle hearts.” George Gershwin, 1898-1937 The Brooklyn, N.Y.-born son of Russian immigrant


Who presents the TV travel series `An Idiot Abroad'?

An Idiot Abroad (TV Series 2010–2013) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Brit Karl Pilkington has led a sheltered life. Not having done any traveling, he enjoys living within the comforts of what he knows, basically that being what is purely British. As such, ... See full summary  » Stars: Ricky and Stephen send Karl on his first trip to perhaps Karl's worst nightmare: China. The reason that Karl is so afraid of this locale is that what he is exposed to of Chinese culture - that being ... 8.3 Karl isn't overly concerned about going to Mexico beyond Ricky and Stephen's assertion that it probably is the most dangerous place from a personal safety perspective than anywhere he's traveled thus... 8.2 Karl, now back in Britain after his "seven wonders" trips, sits down with Ricky and Stephen to discuss the experience. Stephen is confused by Karl's seemingly contradictory statements about not ... 8.1 a list of 21 titles created 13 Jan 2011 a list of 32 titles created 01 Aug 2013 a list of 23 titles created 24 Apr 2014 a list of 35 titles created 21 Mar 2015 a list of 39 titles created 3 months ago Title: An Idiot Abroad (2010–2013) 8.3/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Karl is faced with the different aspects of life by travelling around the world and discovering how different people face life's challenges. Stars: Karl Pilkington, John Montgomery, Richard Yee Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant talk to Karl Pilkington about important things in life whilst Karl provides anything but intelligent answers. Comedy at its finest with wonderful animation. Stars: Ricky Gervais, Stephen Merchant, Karl Pilkington Derek is a loyal nursing home care assistant who sees only the good in his quirky co-workers as they struggle against prejudice and shrinking budgets to care for their elderly residents. Stars: Ricky Gervais, Kerry Godliman, David Earl The show centers on Warwick Davis in his day-to-day life, complete with the frustrations he faces. Stars: Warwick Davis, Ricky Gervais, Stephen Merchant Andy Millman is an actor with ambition and a script. Reduced to working as an extra with a useless agent, Andy's attempts to boost his career invariably end in failure and embarrassment. Stars: Ricky Gervais, Ashley Jensen, Stephen Merchant The story of an office that faces closure when the company decides to downsize its branches. A documentary film crew follow staff and the manager Brent as they continue their daily lives. Stars: Ricky Gervais, Martin Freeman, Mackenzie Crook Edit Storyline Brit Karl Pilkington has led a sheltered life. Not having done any traveling, he enjoys living within the comforts of what he knows, basically that being what is purely British. As such, his friends, Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant , decide to send Karl to various parts of the world to experience unfamiliar cultures. Stephen believes that travel is a life broadening venture, and hopes that Karl will indeed feel like his life is enriched by these travels. Ricky, however, hopes that Karl will hate every minute of his travels. For Ricky, this experiment is the most expensive gag for his own pleasure that he could have conceived. Written by Huggo 5 September 2010 (UK) See more  » Also Known As: An Idiot Abroad 3 See more  » Company Credits Karl once produced Ricky and Stephens radio show XFM See more » Quotes [first lines] Narrator: The seven wonders of the world. Christ the Redeemer. The Taj Mahal. The Great Pyramids. Truly man's greatest achievements. But there's one man who sees them differently. Karl Pilkington - Presenter : [viewing a picture of the pyramids] If that was on my road, the council would be on it to go get that down. It's a death trap. If you like Karl Pilkington, then you'll love this. 30 September 2010 | by MovieAddict2016 (UK) – See all my


Which Burton on Trent brewery- produces Pedigree Ales?

Burton-on-Trent—The World's Most Important Beer Town - All About Beer March 1, 2007 By Pete Brown Ask your typical British beer drinker what Burton-on-Trent is famous for, and you might not get the answer you were expecting. They’ll probably frown, think for a second, then say, “Oh yeah, the FA Cup upset last year!” The last time this small but world-renowned brewing town troubled the UK news headlines was early 2006, when Burton Albion, a lowly, non-league soccer club, held Manchester United to a draw in England’s most celebrated cup competition. Burton lost the replay but not their pride, and for a few weeks they were everyone’s second favorite team. Burton brewer Marston’s managed to sneak beer into the story by creating a commemorative ale dubbed Fergie’s Fury, after the Manchester manager. But few who enjoyed that beer would have had any inkling that it was merely an echo of arguably the world’s greatest ever brewing tradition. When you visit a place whose name has passed into legend, you anticipate the feeling of walking on hallowed ground. The reality is seldom how you imagined. Twenty-first century Burton-on-Trent is an unassuming market town in the English Midlands, with the same chain names of high street shops and pubs as any other. In the main, the pubs and bars sell the same lagers as anywhere else. Of course, Burton’s biggest brewer is well-represented: you see Coors wherever you go. Like many towns, Burton’s bookshops all have local history sections. A browse here might yield a book about local pubs, but there’s nothing dealing specifically with Burton’s heritage as one of a handful of towns that invented beer as we know it. Back in London, the British Library has a file copy of every book published in the UK. The catalogue search engine responds to words like “Burton,” “beer” and “history” with a page full of titles—the most recent of which was published in 1882. You might think that Munich, Pilsen or Dublin could challenge Burton for the title of World’s Most Important Brewing Town. But those other towns never had a reputation that scaled the heights of Burton, the spiritual home of America’s favorite beer style, India Pale Ale. Just over a century ago, Burton was the undisputed brewing capital of the world. It was home to over thirty breweries, and the world’s most famous beer brand. The town’s beers were imitated globally, but never bettered. How did Burton fly so high? And how did it fall so dramatically? The history of brewing in the town turns out to be a story of mythic proportions. When you’ve heard it, the nondescript red-brick streets echo once more with the import of beery history. Or maybe that’s just me hearing things after too many IPAs. Either way, it’s a story that deserves to be retold properly. It all begins, of course, with the water. Modwen’s Well Burton-on-Trent stands in a broad river valley carved out of ancient rock, covered with layers of sand and gravel up to sixty feet deep. Water has trickled through these beds for tens of thousands of years, depositing minerals in the gravel and sandstone. When you examine the mineral content with beer in mind, it’s hard to resist thoughts of divine intervention: a higher sulphate content than any other major brewing centre in the world gives Burton beer a dry, slightly sulphurous aroma known as the “Burton snatch,” and a character that was described beautifully by one nineteenth century writer as, “A brightly sparkling bitter, the colour of sherry and the condition of champagne.” Burton water also has the highest calcium content of any major brewing region, the highest magnesium, and low levels of sodium and bicarbonate. It’s hardly surprising that another long-dead writer was moved to wax lyrical about Burton as “The one spot in the world where the well-water is so obviously intended by Nature for kindly union with those fruits of the earth, to give beer incomparable.” Burton only became famous for its brewing water in the eighteenth century. But the water is in fact the reason for the town’s existence. Allegedly, it does a lot more than cre


Which Suffolk brewery produces Abbot Ale?

Greene King / Morland Brewery | Suffolk, GB2, United Kingdom | Beers | BeerAdvocate Greene King / Morland Brewery No notes at this time. Added by BeerAdvocate Greene King / Morland Brewery in Suffolk, GB2, United Kingdom 3.35 out of 5 based on 5,921 ratings. Your name or email address: Do you already have an account? No, create an account now. Yes, my password is: Stay logged in Tools Top About Us Your go-to website for beer (since 1996), publishers of BeerAdvocate magazine (since 2006) and hosts of world-class beer events (since 2003). Respect Beer. BeerAdvocate Microbrew Invitational Join us June 2-3, 2017 in Boston, Mass. for beer, cider, mead, kombucha and sake from over 70 small producers.


Which BBC TV sitcom of 2003 was set in the Grapes public house in Manchester?

Early Doors (TV Series 2003– ) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The show centres on pub landlord Ken (John Henshaw), especially his preoccupation with his daughter Melanie (Christine Bottomley), and his nervous relationship with barmaid Tanya (Susan ... See full summary  » Stars: Melanie's 21st birthday party seems to be going well but her real Dad Keith is rubbing Ken up the wrong way. Tanya's last night behind the bar is fast becoming a forgettable one as Ken is taking his ... 8.4 Forged bank notes are being passed over the counter but who is the culprit? Lazy cops Phil and Nige are on the case. 8.2 It's Joan and Eddie's anniversary, and they plan to celebrate in style at The Grapes. 8.1 a list of 21 titles created 31 Jul 2012 a list of 49 titles created 05 Nov 2012 a list of 22 titles created 16 Oct 2013 a list of 36 titles created 04 Feb 2014 a list of 37 titles created 15 Mar 2014 Search for " Early Doors " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Add Image Add an image Do you have any images for this title? A British sitcom about a family going through everyday life in the Royle family house. Stars: Ricky Tomlinson, Sue Johnston, Caroline Aherne The misadventures of club owner Brian Potter who is determined to make The Phoenix Club the best working men's club in Greater Manchester. Stars: Peter Kay, Dave Spikey, Justin Moorhouse Tells the stories of keeping a working man's club open, an under achieving bingo worker, a turf war between two ice cream men, a look behind the scenes at the MEN Arena, meet Britain's ... See full summary  » Stars: Peter Kay, Andrew Sachs, Steve Edge A heart warming comedy drama about a loveable rouge, his family, lost childhoods and second chances. Mr Bing, is going to make something of his life, be a provider for his childhood ... See full summary  » Stars: Steve Coogan, Bernard Hill, Lisa Millett When a supermarket issues a new car share scheme. Assistant Manager John Redmond (Peter Kay) and Promotions Rep Kayleigh Kitson (Sian Gibson) are forced to commute together every day. But will they get along? Stars: Sian Gibson, Peter Kay, Danny Swarsbrick Hopeless doormen Max and Paddy leave clubland and embark on a series of wild and exciting adventures in their prized motorhome, "Easy Rider" style. Stars: Peter Kay, Paddy McGuinness, Lisa Hammond Meet Britain's favourite comedian in his first show at the top of blackpool tower. Laugh along as he talks about family holidays,School and many over events that are turned into hilarious stories Director: Marcus Mortimer Established in 1884, Redbridge Rovers F.C. are one of the oldest club's in England - and one of the worst. A new sitcom introducing us to the characters who gather within the social club of a non-league football club. Stars: Craig Cash, Sue Johnston, Steve Speirs UK comedy sketch show depicting most forms of stereotypical mid-90's British society. Stars: Paul Whitehouse, Charlie Higson, Arabella Weir Comedy about the workers in a factory canteen. Stars: Victoria Wood, Thelma Barlow, Andrew Dunn The daily lives of three London flatmates. Stars: Matthew Cottle, Samantha Womack, Neil Stuke This comedy series is all about two mates, Gary and Tony who share a two bedroom home. They are grown men who act like a couple of drunk two year olds, who spend their time either drinking ... See full summary  » Stars: Martin Clunes, Caroline Quentin, Leslie Ash Edit Storyline The show centres on pub landlord Ken (John Henshaw), especially his preoccupation with his daughter Melanie (Christine Bottomley), and his nervous relationship with barmaid Tanya (Susan Cookson). Ken's wife left him for his best friend. The series reflects more than a little of the Northern humour displayed in The Royle Family (co-written by


Who presents the Channel 4 property programme 'Grand Designs'?

Grand Designs - All 4 Grand Designs Presenter Kevin McCloud follows some of Britain's most ambitious self-building projects, as intrepid individuals attempt to design and construct the home of their dreams First shown: 29 Apr 1999 This programme is subtitled


Who is the founder and Chairman of Wetherspoon plc, the British pub chain?

Wetherspoon Head Schools Goldman in Brexit Economics - Bloomberg Bloomberg the Company & Its Products Bloomberg Anywhere Remote LoginBloomberg Anywhere Login Bloomberg Terminal Demo Request Bloomberg Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world. Customer Support Advertising Bloomberg Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world. Customer Support Wetherspoon Head Schools Goldman in Brexit Economics by Tim Martin says business has seen uplift since EU vote Corrects story to remove David Ross, who didn’t back Brexit JD Wetherspoon Chairman Tim Martin and Boris Johnson, former mayor of London. Photographer: Luke MacGregor/Bloomberg Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley don’t understand economics. Nor do the Bank of England or the U.K. Treasury. At least according to Tim Martin, the pro-Brexit founder of British pub chain JD Wetherspoon Plc. Travel with us, drive with us, eat with us. Get our weekly Pursuits newsletter. Sign Up Your guide to the most important business stories of the day, every day. You will now receive the Business newsletter Politics The latest political news, analysis, charts, and dispatches from Washington. You will now receive the Politics newsletter Markets The most important market news of the day. So you can sleep an extra five minutes. You will now receive the Markets newsletter Technology Insights into what you'll be paying for, downloading and plugging in tomorrow and 10 years from now. You will now receive the Technology newsletter Game Plan The school, work and life hacks you need to get ahead. You will now receive the Game Plan newsletter Martin, a vocal supporter of Britain’s vote to leave the European Union, said individuals and institutions also including the Confederation of British Industry, the International Monetary Fund and outgoing Prime Minister David Cameron were practicing “irresponsible doom-mongering” in warning that a vote for Brexit would negatively impact the U.K. economy. The pub chain’s performance has improved since the vote, he said. Tim Martin Photographer: Ben Stansall/AFP via Getty Images “The above individuals and organizations are either dishonest, or they have a poor understanding of economics, since democracy and prosperity are closely linked and the EU is clearly undemocratic,” Martin said in a statement Wednesday. “In spite of the dire warnings above, Wetherspoon trade strengthened slightly in recent weeks.” Martin’s criticism contrasts with a report released by consultancy Begbies Traynor that said U.K. pubs are in a “dire state” as Brexit will exacerbate the financial pressure of the country’s higher minimum wage , unseasonable weather and England’s premature exit from the Euro 2016 soccer tournament. The number of bars going out of business rose 53 percent to 831 in the second quarter. Rooney Anand, chief executive officer of pub company Greene King Plc, has said Brexit is likely to affect consumer confidence. Spokesmen for Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley declined to comment. Beating Drum Martin was one of the most vocal U.K. business leaders to back the Brexit campaign, joining former HSBC Holdings Plc CEO Michael Geoghegan. Martin, who founded the pub chain known for its low prices in 1979, went so far as to distribute 200,000 beer mats in pubs arguing for a Brexit, which read “Why should we trust the IMF?” The recent business boost prompted Wetherspoon to forecast “modestly improved” results for the full year. It comes as a gauge of business sentiment in the U.K. has fallen to the lowest in more than four years, the Bank of England mulls cutting interest rates, and European staff in the hospitality industry are uncertain about their future employment. Immigration has so far been an economic benefit, but the country cannot accommodate more workers, Martin said in an earlie


Jamestown is the capital of which British overseas territory?

Jamestown | Saint Helena | Britannica.com Saint Helena San Francisco Jamestown, seaport town and capital of the British overseas territory of St. Helena , in the South Atlantic Ocean . The town was founded in 1659, when the British East India Company built a fort and established a garrison at the site on James Bay , naming it for the duke of York (later James II ). Jamestown, consisting of little more than a single street, runs up a narrow, deep-sided valley for about 1 mile (1.6 km) to a height of 500 feet (150 metres). The main sources of revenue are customs duties, wharfage, and the sale of postage stamps to philatelists. Plantation House (the governor’s residence; built 1792) and the Cathedral of St. Paul’s are 2 miles (3 km) south of the town. Longwood House, where Napoleon I was exiled and died in 1821, is 2.5 miles (4 km) southeast and is owned by the government of France. Pop. (2008 prelim.) 714. Learn More in these related articles: Atlantic Ocean body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth’s surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. The ocean’s name, derived from Greek mythology, means the “Sea of Atlas.” It is second... East India Company English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India, incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600. Starting as a monopolistic trading body, the company became involved in politics and acted as an agent of British imperialism in India from the early 18th... 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles Assorted Reference importance to Saint Helena  (in Saint Helena (island, Atlantic Ocean) ) Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: January 08, 2010 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Jamestown-Saint-Helena Access Date: January 03, 2017 Share


Which author created the detective Harry Bosch?

Hieronymous "Harry" Bosch Harry Bosch Created by Michael Connelly "No, not Harry Bosch," he said quietly... "It's always just what he wants. He's always been a private investigator, even when he carried a badge."  (an FBI agent on how Harry works, from Lost Light) EDITOR'S NOTE: And after eight novels with a badge, Michael Connelly's Harry Bosch finally became an official PI in Lost Light (2003), with both a California license and first person narration. It was such a seismic shockwave in crime fiction circles at the time that it took not one, but two contributors (both die-hard Connelly fans) to give me the whole scoop. My sincere thanks to both Kelly Levendorf and Dale Stoyer for filling us in, and for being stand-up guys about it. Sadly, Harry went back to the LAPD, and I thought that was it. But in The Crossing (2015), he finally retired, and found himself (reluctantly) working once more as a privater investigator, reluctantly working for his half brother, Mickey Haller . . HIERONYMOUS "HARRY" BOSCH was named after a 15th century painter infamous for his richly detailed landscapes of wanton debauchery and imaginatively graphic violence. Our Harry, meanwhile, grew up in Los Angeles, largely an orphan and occasionally in foster care after his mother was arrested for prostitution and later murdered. Following a stint in Vietnam as a "tunnel rat," he became a police officer, eventually rising through the ranks to become a Homicide Detective-Three in the LAPD. But Harry is more than just a cop -- he's a man with a mission, a mission to, in his own words, "speak for the dead." With a single-mindedness for doing right that is equal parts passion and arrogance, Connelly's most famous character has brilliantly succeeded ("homicide is a calling, not a career"), closing both politically sensitive and long unsolved cases, including the decades old murder of his own mother. But often at great personal and professional cost to Harry. This is definitely a series to read chronologically, as Connelly uses elements hinted at in several books to great effect in those that follow. The first eight books in this series follow Harry through some of his adventures as an LAPD Detective, although he spends much of that time serving out suspensions or struggling to keep what's left of his career. Lost Light (2003), the ninth book in the series brings dramatic changes into Harry's life (and, coincidentally, is his first adventure in first person narrative). He's no longer a cop, but has retired after twenty-eight years, taking a whole slew of his unsolved cases with him. He has a PI license but isn't sure he wants to use it. What he really wants is to continiue to speak for the dead. And although the book ends on a note indicative of a major change in Harry's life, it would seem that mission is far too deeply rooted in Harry's psyche for him to ever completely retire. Michael Connelly first burst upon the scene with The Black Echo in 1992, which promptly nabbed the Edgar for Best First Mystery of that year. But it was a goal which Connelly had long been aiming tfor, ever since he was a student at the University of Florida back in the seventies, where he had discovered the books of Raymond Chandler. After graduating in 1980, having majored in journalism with a minor in creative writing, Connelly worked at various newspapers in Florida, mostly working the crime beat. A magazine story he co-wrote on a major airplane crash was later short-listed for the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing, and helped land him a job as a crime reporter for the Los Angeles Times. The Black Echo, which introduced Harry Bosch, was his first novel. Besides the Bosch series, Connelly has written The Poet, a thriller which introduced tabloid reporter Jack McEvoy as a protagonist in 1996, and Blood Work, featuring former FBI profiler Terry McCaleb in 1998. 2000's Void Moon introduced Cassie Black, a Las Vegas thief, and 2005 saw the introduction of grunt criminal attorney Mickey Haller in The Lincoln Lawyer. One of the most respected and popular mystery writers around, Conn


Which author created the detective Harry Hole (pronounced Holy)?

Q&A: Jo Nesbo on "Police," Harry Hole - tribunedigital-chicagotribune Q&A: Jo Nesbo on 'Police,' Harry Hole Norway's Nesbo takes his hero to the dark side October 20, 2013|By Kevin Nance Portrait of author Jo Nesb, photographed in 2011. (Niklas R Lello, image distributed by Jo Nesb?) Of the Scandinavian crime writers who have become international sensations in recent years, Sweden's Stieg Larsson (“The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo”) is obviously the best known, but Norway's Jo Nesbø is catching up fast. Nesbø's dark and gripping crime series featuring the Oslo detective Harry Hole has sold more than 20 million copies worldwide, fascinating readers with its ever-deepening portrait, “Breaking Bad”-style, of a hero's gradual transition to an antihero. In the latest installment, “Police,” Harry himself is missing and, at least by some, presumed dead. But is he? This piece first ran in Printers Row Journal, delivered to Printers Row members with the Sunday Chicago Tribune and by digital edition via email. Click here to learn about joining Printers Row. Printers Row Journal caught up with Nesbø, 53, for a phone interview while the author was traveling in Greece. Here's an edited transcript of our chat. Q: It seemed at the end of the last Harry Hole novel, "Phantom," that Harry was dead. In "Police," it appears — and I say "appears," because you leave us in some doubt on the matter, at least for quite some time — that he isn't. Is this something like Arthur Conan Doyle killing off Sherlock Holmes, only to bring him back a few years later? A: No, it's not like that. Actually the two books, "Phantom" and "Police," were written as one long book, with a cliffhanger in between. It was always planned that way. But there are clues in "Phantom" that he isn't dead. It would be a spoiler if I told you what the clues were, but there are at least two of them. Q: How do you pronounce Harry's last name in Norway? A: It's HO-leh. In the first novel, "The Bat," Harry goes to Australia, and I wanted that misunderstanding, that confusion about his name. But it's a quite common Norwegian name. Q: It also seems to reinforce the idea of the growing ethical vacuum, a kind of spiritual abyss, inside the character. "Hole" is the perfect word for that. A: Yes, that was also another reason for the name. He's kind of a black hole, where everything is kind of pulled in, and nothing escapes. Q: Scandinavian crime fiction, including yours, has become extremely popular around the world in recent years, which is strange because, as I've heard people ask, "Don't they have a really low crime rate?" Is there a disconnect between the world of Scandinavian crime fiction and Scandinavia as it actually is? A: Yes, the two things are not connected, but I think there's no reason why they should be. Crime stories are seldom truly documentaries of crime scenes in Scandinavia or, for that matter, any other country. Crime fiction is a genre for writing stories about people — about conflict, about guilt, about passion, about the human condition. And I think the reason so many Scandinavians like crime fiction is exactly because you have that disconnection; there's no misunderstanding that crime fiction is about crime, per se. I actually think the more unrealistic the crime is, the less you have to think about the crime, and about in what way it may actually be connected to the society. In my case, I use Oslo and Norwegian society as a backdrop. But in Norway, you know, there are typically 30 to 40 people murdered every year. That would be like two or three of my books, I guess. (Laughs.) Q: Detective fiction was an American and British invention, developed by people like Edgar Allan Poe and Wilkie Collins, and later progressed along different lines in the U.S. and England. How is Scandinavian detective fiction distinct from these, or are there any differences? A: I'm actually not much into crime fiction, and especially not Scandinavian crime fiction. I guess my work is more related to the hard-boiled American tradition, which is what I read when I was younger — Hammett and C


Which canal links Bristol, Bath and Reading?

Kennet & Avon Canal | Canal & River Trust Our canal & river network Kennet & Avon Canal The Kennet & Avon Canal is one of our most well-loved waterways. The 87 mile long canal links London with the Bristol Channel, and passes through some spectacular landscapes including West Berkshire and the rolling Cotswolds. But this haven in southern England faced closure in the last century and was only brought back to life thanks to the tireless dedication of volunteers. Kennet & Avon Canal Find events and activities within miles of Today, thousands of visitors enjoy boating, walking and cycling along the peaceful towpaths of the Kennet & Avon Canal, fondly known as the K&A. A waterside walk along any stretch of towpath is an enjoyable experience.  For family day's out, the Crofton Pumping Station, Caen Hill Flight , Avoncliff Aqueduct , Claverton Pumping Station and the historic city of Bath are just some of the canal’s many highlights. But just a few decades ago we came very close to losing this national treasure, forever. Find stoppages, restrictions and other navigational advice for this waterway. The story begins What we know as the Kennet & Avon Canal is actually made up of three historic waterways, the Kennet Navigation, the Avon Navigation and the Kennet & Avon Canal. In 1724 the River Kennet was made navigable from Reading to Newbury, and by 1727 boats could reach as far as Bath. For hundreds of years before this people had talked about linking the River Kennet with the River Avon, but it was not until 1794 that a route was fixed via Devizes and an Act was passed. The resulting canal was completed in 1810. Water supply up to the summit soon became a problem, so in 1812 a steam engine was installed at Crofton to pump water from Wilton Water (amazingly this Boulton & Watt engine is still working today). Three years later a companion Harvey’s engine was also installed. Despite the impressive length of the K&A, through traffic never accounted for more than 6% of the total and the waterway was never prosperous. The canal falls into decline The situation worsened for the Kennet & Avon Canal when the Great Western Railway opened in 1841. Suddenly income halved and it seemed likely that the canal would be converted into a railway. Thankfully, however, this Bill was not passed and instead, the K&A was sold to the Great Western Railway in 1852. Although the canal was loss-making, the Great Western Railway was legally obliged to keep it open as long as there was some traffic on it. This it did, though there were many complaints about the level of maintenance. Nevertheless, in 1897 the Boulton & Watt engine had major repairs and a few years later, its companion 1845 engine was rebuilt. Closure and restoration After a century of decline, in the 1960s the canal eventually fell into disrepair and parts of it were closed to boats. The future of the K&A, along with that of many canals, looked bleak.  However, waterway enthusiasts and local people flocked to the cause. The Kennet & Avon Canal Trust was formed and, with hard work and dedication, these volunteers gradually restored the canal to its former glory. In 1990 the Queen officially reopened the K&A, and since then the canal has gone from strength to strength with the help of a £25m Heritage Lottery Fund grant. Substantial restoration works have been matched by the development of canalside resources, including wildlife habitats and moorings. The Kennet & Avon Canal today This beautiful waterway is a favourite weekend escape for locals and a pleasure to discover for visitors from further afield. Whether on foot, by boat or on two wheels, we know that the K&A delights you all. From end to end it is dotted with destinations which make for perfect family days out. You can download our free guides to Caen Hill , Aldermaston Wharf , Bradford-on-Avon and many more must-see spots from our Places to Visit page.


Which railway runs from Bridgnorth to Kidderminster?

Kidderminster Station | Trains to Kidderminster – Trainline Trains to Kidderminster Share this route Kidderminster station opened in 1852, although the current station buildings were built over a century later in the 1960s. The station has regular services to Worcester, Birmingham and Great Malvern, as well as a number of trains a day to London Marylebone. Next door to Kidderminster station is Kidderminster Town, a Victoria-style station that opened in 1984 to serve the Severn Valley heritage steam railway that runs to Bridgnorth. Both stations are about half a mile east of the town centre.  Throughout the town, it is still possible to see some well-preserved examples of 19th-century mill architecture, from the time when Kidderminster was at the centre of the carpet industry in Great Britain. The main shopping area is on the pedestrianised streets south of The Swan shopping centre, and some newer developments along the banks of the River Stour. On the High Street, there is a twice-weekly market on Thursdays and Saturdays. Station details & facilities The ticket hall with shop and toilets leads directly on to platform 1, with an extra side entrance for step-free access. Platform 2 is reached either via a footbridge (with lifts) or through an additional station entrance on Comberton Hill. Trains for Birmingham and London depart from platform 1, for Great Malvern and Worcester from platform 2. The car park is between the Kidderminster station and the heritage railway, and has space for 400 cars. Ticket Office Ticket Office opening hours : None Day Telephones type : Coins and cards Staff Help Notes : Please note that staff help is only available when the ticket office is open. To ensure that we provide the best service possible we recommend that customers who require assistance book with us and provide at least 1 working day's notice. We will always aim to assist customers whether they have booked assistance or not. Booking assistance gives you the extra reassurance that your needs will be met. Customer Service Notes : We are open from 07:00 to 19:00 Monday to Friday and 08:00 to 16:00 on Saturdays, Sundays and all Bank Holidays except Christmas Day. A recorded message service is available outside of these hours. ÿ **Kidderminster is accredited by the Secure Station Scheme** Customer help points : False Carpark name : Station Car Park Carpark operator : Meteor Parking Ltd Car parking spaces : 224 Cycle storage location : Off platform Accessibility Step-free access : Part of station Step-free access notes : Main entrance for Booking Hall and Birmingham platform has 1 step to enter. Step-free side gate and second side gate with 1 kerb to access, but both locked when Booking Hall open. Step-free access to Worcester platform via ramp. Step-free route between platforms is 240m. Shortcut to road overbridge from station step-free via station approach road. Step-free interchange to Severn Valley Railway. Ramps for train access : Accessible Booking Office counter : False Accessible taxis : unknown Accessible taxis are not available Trains to Kidderminster Station Approach, Combertor, Kidderminister, Worcestershire, DY10 1QZ Ticket Office Hours


Which series of 1713 peace treaties ceded Gibraltar and Minorca to Britain?

Treaty of Utrecht – Exequy's Blog Canadian History , History , Nova Scotia The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document, comprised a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713. Concluded between various European states, it helped end the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713). The treaty enforced the Partition Treaties of (1697) and (1700) which stated that the Spanish and French Crowns should never be united. This was part of British foreign policy to make peace in Europe by establishing a balance of power and preventing France in particular from uniting and dominating the continent. The treaty made Philip V, grandson of Louis XIV, King of Spain. The treaty stated that Britain should have Gibraltar, Minorca, Hudson Bay, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. Britain was awarded the Assiento—the sole right to import black slaves into America for 30 years. Under the treaty France also had to acknowledge the Protestant Succession in England and Austria acquired Milan, Naples, and the Spanish Netherlands. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and Philip V of Spain on the one hand, and representatives of Queen Anne of Great Britain, the Duke of Savoy, and the Dutch Republic on the other. The Treaty of Utrecht brought a period of peace in what is sometimes called the Second Hundred Years War (1689-1815) between France and Britain. This rivalry had international dimensions in the scramble for overseas territories, wealth and influence. The treaty significantly contributed to the Anglicization of North America. The Triple Alliance (1717) was formed with France and Holland to uphold the Treaty of Utrecht. In 1718 Austria joined and it was expanded to the Quadruple Alliance against Spain to maintain the peace of Europe. The Negotiations France and Great Britain had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in London. This initial agreement was based on a tacit acceptance of the partition of Spain’s European possessions. Following this, a congress opened at Utrecht on January 29, 1712. The British representative was John Robinson (the Bishop of Bristol). Reluctantly the Dutch United Provinces accepted the preliminaries and sent representatives, but the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI, refused to do so until he was assured that these preliminaries were not binding. This assurance was given, and so in February the Imperial representatives made their appearance. As Philip was not yet recognized as its king, Spain did not at first send plenipotentiaries, but the Duke of Savoy sent one, and Portugal was also represented. One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and matters did not make much progress until after July 10, 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation. With Great Britain and France having agreed a truce, the pace of negotiation now quickened, and the main treaties were finally signed on April 11, 1713. Principal provisions By the treaties’ provisions, Louis XIV’s grandson Philip, Duke of Anjou was recognized as King of Spain (as Philip V), thus confirming the succession as stipulated in the will of the late King Charles II. However, Philip was compelled to renounce for himself and his descendants any right to the French throne, despite some doubts as to the lawfulness of such an act. In similar fashion various French princelings, including most notably the Duke of Berry (Louis XIV’s youngest grandson) and the Duke of Orléans (Louis’s nephew), renounced for themselves and their descendants any claim to the Spanish throne. Spain’s European empire was also divided: Savoy received Sicily and parts of the Duchy of Milan, while Charles VI (the Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria), received the Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan. In addition, Spain ceded Gibraltar and Minorca to Great Britain and agreed to


In Greek mythology - who was the muse of history and lyre playing?

Muse - Ancient History Encyclopedia Muse by Mark Cartwright published on 14 December 2012 In Greek mythology , the nine Muses are goddesses of the various arts such as music, dance, and poetry and are blessed not only with wonderful artistic talents themselves but also with great beauty, grace, and allure. Their gifts of song, dance, and joy helped the gods and mankind to forget their troubles and inspired musicians and writers to reach ever greater artistic and intellectual heights. The Muses are the daughters of Zeus and the Titan Mnemosyne (Memory) after the couple slept together for nine consecutive nights. They are: Calliope, traditionally the most important (beautiful-voiced and representing epic poetry and also rhetoric), Clio (glorifying and representing history), Erato (lovely and representing singing), Euterpe (well-delighting and representing lyric poetry), Melpomene (singing and representing tragedy), Polymnia (many hymning and representing hymns to the gods and heroes), Terpsichore or Stesichore (delighting in dance), Thalia (blooming and representing comedy), Urania (heavenly and representing astronomy).  Certain objects also became associated with the Muses and help to identify their particular talents. Calliope often holds a writing tablet and stylus, Clio has a scroll, Euterpe a double aulos (or flute), and Thalia a theatre mask. The Muses were believed to live on Mt. Olympus where they entertained their father and the other Olympian gods with their great artistry, but later tradition also placed them on Mt. Helicon in Boeotia where there was a major cult centre to the goddesses, or on Mt. Parnassus where the Castalian spring was a favourite destination for poets and artists. On Mount Olympus, Apollo Mousagetes was, in a certain sense, the choir leader of the Muses, although his attachment was not limited to music, as he fathered many children with his musical group. Calliope, the Muse of epic poetry, was the mother of Orpheus , the wonderfully gifted lyre player whose father was said by some to be Apollo himself. Although bringers of festivity and joy, the Muses were not to be trifled with when it came to the superiority of their artistic talents.  Although bringers of festivity and joy, the Muses were not to be trifled with when it came to the superiority of their artistic talents. The nine daughters of Pierus foolishly tried to compete musically with the Muses on Mt. Helicon and were all turned into birds for their impertinence. The Thracian musician Thamyres (son of the Nymph Agriope) was another who challenged the Muses in music and after inevitably coming second best to the goddesses was punished with blindness, the loss of his musical talent, and his singing voice. This myth was also the subject of a tragedy by Sophocles . The Muses also acted as judges in another musical competition, this time between Apollo on his kithara and the satyr Marsyas , who played the aulos given to him by Athena . Naturally, Apollo won and Marsyas was flayed alive for his troubles.  Remove Ads Advertisement Hesiod in his Theogony claimed that he spoke with the Muses on Mt. Helicon, and they gave him a luxuriant laurel branch and breathed into him their divine voice so that he could proclaim the glory of the gods and their descendants. Thus, the simple shepherd was transformed into one of the most important poets in history. Hesiod also states that the Muses were created as an aid to forgetfulness and relief from troubles, perhaps as a balance to their mother, who personified memory. In ancient Greece , music, and by association the Muses, were held in great esteem and music was played in homes, in theatres, during religious ceremonies, to accompany athletics, provided rhythm during military training, accompanied agricultural activities such as harvesting, and was an important element in the education of children. For example, Themistocles , the great Athenian politician and general, considered his education incomplete because he could not play the khitara. Throughout the ancient Greek world musical festivals and compet


What type of transport was featured in the film 'The Fastest Indian'?

The World's Fastest Indian Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 205 out of 235 people found the following review useful: A Chick Flick for Guys. 3 July 2005 A true story with a nice mix of emotion and motorcycles. At a sneak preview of this movie in Burt Munro 's hometown - Invercargill, I noticed at the end that many of the men had moist eyes -not that the film is weepy or sycophantic in any way - it's simply inspirational. The hero/underdog here is a social misfit, a self-confessed dirty old man but a lovable one. He loves the ladies and he loves speeding on his vintage Indian Scout "modified somewhat" along the open beach of Invercargill in Southern New Zealand. Beach bike racers still contest the Burt Munro Trophy on Oreti beach. Burt's 1967 record at Bonneville still stands. Anthony Hopkins manages the problematic Kiwi accent well to deliver a touching, funny and realistic depiction of Burt in his quest to be the fastest thing on two wheels. Sir Anthony said that it's the best thing he's ever done and it's hard to disagree based on his laconic and lovable portrayal. Outstanding cameos by the likes of Annie Whittle and Diane Ladd simply add depth and verisimilitude to the film. Tim Shadbolt, well he definitely acted in the film... Complete and convincing performances that warm the heart and show true humanity shining through. The cinematography is clear and precise, the action scenes are mercifully free of special effects and Burt's kiwi innovation and guile win the day. A new classic from Roger Donaldson. Was the above review useful to you? 189 out of 209 people found the following review useful: Surprising gem from New Zealand 24 October 2005 I saw this film on a plane - I know, I know, the worst place to see any kind of film - and thought I would just fall asleep as I didn't expect it to catch my interest enough to put up with the bad audio and small screens. In any case I dislike feel-good movies, and all the Kiwi-innovator stuff makes me cringe, Kiwis don't have the monopoly on being resourceful. And I'd never heard of Burt Munro. So I was surprised to find within a few minutes I was entranced. Anthony Hopkins has made a brilliant job of the role, his accent wasn't too bad, and I loved the way he said "Invercarrrrrrgill". Hopkins' talent really shone - without him saying a word or changing his expression, you just knew how Burt felt when confronted by an apparently insurmountable obstacle (I won't spoil it) and his placid acceptance of the inevitable falls, tumbles and injuries told you that for Burt these were a fact of life. The other cast were also flawless, for me there wasn't a weak point in any of the acting. The humour was delivered in the main by Hopkins and with the lightest possible touch. The cinematography was beautiful and conveyed the journey from long quiet light of Munro's idealism in Invercargill, murky 'orribleness of the necessary evil of passing through LA and laying your dream on the line in the harsh open glare of Utah. Hopkins has done a few of these slightly-disreputable, love-em-when-you-get-to-know-em characters but this is the best. And I'm not a motorcycle fan, and no Kiwi-made-good fan, but I will confess to a tear (almost) at the end when the text came up about Burt's unbeaten record. If you watch this film at home you won't want to be disturbed by other people talking - you'll want to catch every word, every nuance. Was the above review useful to you? 165 out of 185 people found the following review useful: Blatantly Kiwi, surprisingly Universal from New Zealand 18 November 2005 'The World's Fastest Indian' is a unique movie that not only provides a film that New Zealanders anywhere can be most proud of, while at the same time contemplating universal themes that everyone outside the borders of the country can relate to. The film contains that familiar 'Number 8 fencing wire' mentality that resonates throughout New Zealand society - and also echoes those tropes of masculinity that are so prominent within the National cinema: Burt tinkers with his 1920 Indian Motorcycle with the most unexp


Which TV Presenter originated Mo Farrah's famous `MOBOT' celebration?

London 2012: Mo Farah's Mobot, a gesture in a league of its own | Sport | The Guardian Mo Farah London 2012: Mo Farah's Mobot, a gesture in a league of its own Mo Farah's now famous hands-to-head 'M' gesture, borrowed by none other than Usain Bolt, was the brainchild of Clare Balding The Mo-bot, as performed by Mo Farah and his training partner Galen Rupp after they won gold and silver respectively in the 10,000m. Photograph: Phil Noble/Reuters Sunday 12 August 2012 07.01 EDT First published on Sunday 12 August 2012 07.01 EDT Share on Messenger Close When Mo Farah and then Usain Bolt performed it before tens of thousands of cheering fans, the so-called Mobot became the object of worldwide speculation. What was this gesture, asked armchair critics, that provoked such delight? A symbol of Olympian greatness? A gesture of self-declared genius? The perhaps disappointingly mundane answer, however, lies in a television programme. Earlier this year, on an episode of Sky1's A League of Their Own, Farah was told by host James Corden that he needed a move with which he could celebrate Olympic victory. And it was the BBC TV presenter Clare Balding - who would herself go on to become one of the more unlikely stars of London 2012 - who came up with the by-now famous hand-to-head gesture. "I think you should do the 'M' from YMCA, the M for Mo," she said, performing the move to illustrate her point. Mo Farah and Usain Bolt swap gestures as they celebrate winning gold in the 5,000m and 4x100m relay. Photograph: Christophe Karaba/EPA Farah, smiling, said he liked the idea. "I'll definitely do it. I'll give it a go," he said, trying out the move with Corden in a mock race finish. The Gavin and Stacey star then put the finishing touches to the invention, exclaiming: "I've just named it. It's only called the Mobot! He's going to do the Mobot!"


Which English County is known as 'Robin Hood's County'?

History of Sherwood Forest, Robin Hood and Major Oak | Nottinghamshire County Council History of Sherwood Forest, Robin Hood and Major Oak Sherwood today Origins Sherwood Country Park lies just north of Edwinstowe, two miles from Ollerton and 17 miles north of Nottingham on the A614 Nottingham-Doncaster road. The park is within an area which originally bore a Viking name “birch lund”, now known as Birklands. Early history Evidence of flint tools shows some use of the Sherwood area by prehistoric hunter-gatherers. During the late Iron Age and Roman periods, human habitation and farming was more common. By the 9th century, farming communities were making a greater impact on the Sherwood landscape. Most of these communities still exist today. Names ending in ‘by’ like Thoresby, are Scandinavian in origin, ‘thorpe’ as in Gleadthorpe are Danish, and ‘feld’ (field) as in Mansfield, are Roman. Royal hunting forest The name ‘Sherwood’ was first recorded in 958AD when it was called Sciryuda, meaning ‘the woodland belonging to the shire’. It became a Royal hunting forest after the Norman invasion of 1066, and was popular with many Norman kings, particularly King John and Edward I. The ruins of King John’s hunting lodge can still be seen near the Nottinghamshire village of Kings Clipstone.  ‘Forest’ was a legal term, and meant an area subject to special Royal laws designed to protect the valuable resources of timber and game (Vert and Venison) within its boundaries. These laws were strictly and severely imposed by agisters, foresters, verderers (wardens) and rangers, who were all were employed by the Crown. In the 1200s, popularly thought to be the time of  Robin Hood , Sherwood covered about 100,000 acres, which was a fifth of the entire county of Nottinghamshire. The main London to York road, the Great North Way, ran straight through Sherwood, and travellers were often at the mercy of robbers living outside of the law. Hence the name ‘outlaw’. The medieval landscape Medieval Sherwood was not - as many imagine - a continuous swathe of dense virgin forest. It comprised birch and oak woodland, interspersed with large areas of open sandy heath and rough grassland. Sherwood also contained three Royal deer parks, near Nottingham Castle, Bestwood and Pittance (Clipstone) Park. Medieval woodland was by no means wild. It was a productive resource that was carefully managed. Landowners got the most value from their woodland by using techniques such as ‘coppicing’ and ‘pollarding’ to produce poles and laths for building. ‘Underwood’ (twigs, brushwood etc) was collected and sold for domestic fuel, and the woodland supported several industries, such as charcoal burning and the stripping of oak bark to use in tanning leather. The autumn crop of acorns produced in oak woodland was used to feed pigs. Cattle, sheep and deer grazed ‘wood pasture’. In the 12th and 13th centuries, various Christian monastic orders had established large estates within Sherwood Forest, on land granted to them by the Crown. Among the abbeys founded during this period were Rufford, Thurgarton and Newstead. Established forest communities grew larger, and new ones were created, some often marked by the name ‘woodhouse’, such as Mansfield Woodhouse. Markets also appeared, as at Mansfield and Market Warsop. After Henry VIII closed all the English abbeys in 1536 (The Dissolution), former monastic land was granted or sold into private ownership, and much of this land was gradually converted into country house estates. But for some time, within the depths of the forest, life for the peasant classes continued as it always had. Stuart and later Sherwood King James I loved to hunt in Sherwood, but his son, the ill-fated Charles I was the last king to use it as a hunting forest. Charles was executed as a result of the English Civil Wars. During this time of unrest, the forest suffered from a lack of proper management. During the late 1600s, King Charles II revived as best he could the game reserves and general management of Sherwood. By the 18th century, large areas of Crown land


Who was the author of the book 'A Bridge Too Far'?

A Bridge Too Far: 9780446310574: Amazon.com: Books A Bridge Too Far Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Page 1 of 1 Start over Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . Absolution: Charlie Company, 3rd Battalion, 22nd Infantry Charles J. Boyle Vietnam Memoir! Walk across the deadly battlefields of Vietnam with Charlie Company and meet the real heroes of that war. Find an answer for PTSD. Ad feedback Special Offers and Product Promotions Get a $75.00 statement credit after first Amazon.com purchase made with new Discover itÂ® card within 3 months. Terms and conditions apply. See offer for details. Apply now. Editorial Reviews This is the story of the failed attempt to win the war in Europe in 1944 by dropping combined airborne forces of American and British armies behind German lines to capture the bridge across the Rhine at Arnhem. Written by the author of The Longest Day and The Last Battle, the book was the basis for the blockbuster movie starring Sean Connery, James Caan, and Michael Caine. Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . New York Times best sellers Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more Product Details Publisher: Warner Books (November 1984) ISBN-10: 0446310573 Product Dimensions: 6.7 x 4.1 x 1.5 inches Shipping Weight: 9.6 ounces By HMS Warspite TOP 500 REVIEWER VINE VOICE on September 8, 2014 Cornelius Ryan's superb 1974 history of Operation Market-Garden, "A Bridge Too Far", is one of his trilogy of World War Two Battles, along with "The Longest Day" and "The Last Battle." Briefly, Operation Market-Garden was an Allied gamble to open a pathway across Nazi-occupied Holland using two US and one British Airborne Divisions, to enable British Second Army's tanks to cross the Rhine River and enter Germany. Ryan's narrative, written when many of the participants were still around to be interviewed, provides a detailed, almost hour by hour account of the battle. The perspective ranges from the individual soldier to the high command, and much inbetween. The narrative is sewn together with individual vignettes that bring out the danger and the occasional absurdity of the battlefield. The book, which was the basis for an excellent 1977 movie of the same name, makes clear the heroism of the soldiers, both Allied and German, and the civilians involved in the fighting, and the poor decision making that ultimately determined the outcome of the battle. Ryan's excellent prose makes the 500 page length pass quickly. "A Bridge Too Far" is still very highly recommended as an immensely readable account of one of World War II's most exciting battles.


What is the name of the aboriginal spear thrower that also gave its name to a missile testing site?

Australia - Aboriginal Carved Weapons And Utensils AUSTRALIA Aboriginal Carved  Weapons And Utensils Elegant, inventive weapons  and utensils hold a central place in Aboriginal material arts, not only  because of their excellent design, balance and appropriate Aboriginal  artists' apparent love and appreciation of the qualities of decoration  itself. Artists invariably go to great lengths to select a branch or  root of a tree in which the shape and grain are appropriate for the form  of the implement to be made. Many excellent weapons and utensils are  still made in traditional communities. The Aboriginal carver has always  chosen his wood carefully, considering the function of the weapon. heavy  hardwoods were used to make narrow shields needed to deflect attack from  a club or boomerang, whereas broader, flat shields were requited for  defence against spears, and these could be made of lighter timber.       All over Australia, the  surfaces of most shields, clubs, and spear throwers were decorated; in  the south with very fine engravings and in the north with complex  painted surfaces. Even in areas where craftsmen eschewed decoration on  weapons, they were invariably concerned with the beauty, quality and  grain of the wood.  Aboriginal carvers have  always enjoyed making things to be used, sitting peacefully with others  and undertaking work that gave them great satisfaction. In the design of  weapons and domestic items, some of the earliest examples of the  inventiveness unique to Australia can be found. Both the returning  boomerang of the south-east and the leaf-shaped spear thrower of the  central desert area explore concepts of multiple use and simplicity of  design, which have intrigued all who have come in contact with them.  Though the boomerang has long enjoyed fame, not only as a symbol of  Aboriginal arts but also of all things distinctively Australian, the  leaf-shaped spear thrower is relatively unknown. In the design and  manufacture of weapons, tools and other utensils, primary consideration  was given to their effectiveness and portability. Each item had to be  carried, often for long distances, and therefore if one piece could  perform several tasks it saved the burden of too many possessions.  Although simple, the weapons and implements were so ingeniously designed  that a few light, transportable tools equipped nomadic people with the  means of obtaining all their daily requirements. The boomerang, for  example, although primarily a hunting and fighting weapon, was also used  for making fire, stoking the coals when cooking and for scraping and  smoothing other tools. Boomerangs were also used in traditional games.  The design of the leaf-shaped spear thrower was such that it could be  used as a chisel, knife or engraver, a receptacle for mixing ochres and  a fire-making saw, as well as a spear launcher. Women bore the brunt of  the load and were also often required to carry their babies on their  backs, on their shoulders, or on their hips. Despite this need for  practicality, weapons were never simply tools, apart from stone flakes  used as knives. People had a strong sense of personal identity related  to their membership of tribal groups and those groups; ownership of  land. Every person was related to ancestral beings who gave physical  form to their land; ceremonies recalled this to mind and summoned the  ancestral heroes to continue their influence over the cycle of life. All  over the country, the decoration of weapons and domestic objects  provided an additional forum for the display of clan designs and  illustrated the ownership of land. This intention is clear not only in  painted designs of the northern Arnhem Land areas, but also in the  complex geometric engraved patterns on weapons made in south-eastern  Australia. Even the carrying dishes of the centre, now patterned with  designs formed by impressions made with red-hot wire, are decorated with  journeys of ancestral charac


What is the name of disgraced MP Chris Huhne's wife who was jailed at the same time as him?

Chris Huhne admits perverting the course of justice - BBC News BBC News Chris Huhne admits perverting the course of justice 4 February 2013 Close share panel Media captionHuhne: "The only proper course of action for me is now to resign my Eastleigh seat" Chris Huhne has resigned as an MP after he admitted perverting the course of justice over claims his ex-wife took speeding points for him a decade ago. The ex-Lib Dem cabinet minister changed his plea on the first day of his trial at Southwark Crown Court after failing in a bid to have the case dismissed. His former wife, Vicky Pryce, has pleaded not guilty to the same offence. The judge ruled that text messages from Huhne's son urging him to admit he was the driver could be used in evidence. Mr Justice Sweeney revealed Huhne's legal team had previously made two applications to get the case dismissed or suspended (stayed), but these were not granted, allowing the trial to proceed. 'Right decision' Speaking outside court, Huhne said: "Having taken responsibility for something that happened 10 years ago, the only proper course of action for me is to resign my Eastleigh seat in Parliament, which I will do shortly." Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg said he was "shocked and saddened" by Huhne's admission but said his former challenger for the party leadership had "taken the right decision in resigning as an MP". Analysis By James LandaleDeputy political editor Chris Huhne has never shied away from political controversy - but it was his desperation to avoid a speeding ban that resulted in the undoing of his career. The Liberal Democrats say he intends to voluntarily remove himself from the Privy Council - which gives him the title "Right Honourable". One year ago he stood outside his flat and declared: "I am innocent of these charges." Today he admitted he was not. It is the kind of fall from grace that seems only possible at Westminster. Politicians have no monopoly on deceit. And yet often their lie is larger and lasts for longer. It is as if some politicians seem so full of hubris they cannot resist flying so close to the sun and then seem surprised when, like Icarus, they fall to the ground. Huhne's name will now be added to that list of John Profumo, Jonathan Aitken and Jeffrey Archer, politicians all brought down by their ability to lie to Parliament or the courts. We still remember Jonathan Aitken's promise to use the simple sword of truth and trusty shield of British fair play before he was jailed for perjury. Some Lib Dems say Huhne should not be written off. They talk of comebacks. Maybe. But one thing is certain: trust in British public life took a hit today. Voters often say politicians lie. Today they were right. BBC chief political correspondent Norman Smith said that by standing down, Huhne - a Lib Dem "big hitter" - was accepting that his career was over. Huhne and Ms Pryce were charged last year over an incident in March 2003 when Huhne's car was allegedly caught by a speed camera on the motorway between Stansted Airport in Essex and London. It is alleged that between 12 March and 21 May 2003, Ms Pryce, 60, from Clapham in south London, who was still married to Huhne, falsely informed police that she was the driver of the car so he could avoid prosecution. The prosecution revealed Huhne had a history of speeding and was in danger of losing his licence, having already accrued nine penalty points. 'Gossamer thin' Huhne had vowed to fight the charges and last week pleaded not guilty. His barrister, John Kelsey-Fry QC, had previously attempted to get the Huhne case thrown out of court, describing the prosecution's evidence as "insufficient", "circumstantial" and "at best gossamer thin". He also claimed the media had constantly assumed Huhne was guilty, which meant the ex-minister could not possibly receive a fair trial. But text messages between Huhne and his son Peter, sent in May 2011 and declared admissible in court by Mr Justice Sweeney, revealed Peter put pressure on Huhne to "accept responsibility" for the offence. Peter said: "We all know that you were driving an


The UN Organisation UNHCR is concerned with which type of people?

UNHCR - Governments and Partners Governments and Partners Governments and Partners Governments and Partners Charged with protecting millions around the world, our organization must work with a wide variety of donors and partners to adequately fulfil our role. UN Sister Organizations Our partnerships range from governments to non-governmental organizations, the private sector, civil society and refugee communities. We raise funds through governments, foundations and private donors so that refugees can be assisted immediately with food, shelter and other essentials distributed by our implementing partners. Longer-term solutions also depend on the participation of civil society and refugees themselves. While we are directly concerned with the  protection of refugees, our overall mission is to provide operational support and coordination to a wide range of private and public actors who work in the interest of refugees.  In the field, UNHCR's core work is managed from a series of regional offices, branch offices, sub-offices and field offices. The High Commissioner's representatives head operations in the countries where the agency works, while there are also a number of regional representatives.


According to the advert - which drink gives you wings?

$13m lawsuit proves Red Bull doesn't give you wings - Telegraph USA $13m lawsuit proves Red Bull doesn't give you wings Caffeinated drinks giant Red Bull GmbH sued for falsely claiming their product  "gives you wings" and agrees to pay out $10 to every person who bought the  drink since 2002 Red Bull sponsors sporting events around the globe, including the Cliff Diving World Series Photo: Romina Amato/Red Bull Content Pool Follow It is hard to imagine that anyone who saw Red Bull's advertising slogan would actually believe the caffeinated soft drink "gives you wings", but in litigation-hungry America the claim has been officially falsified. Benjamin Careathers, a regular consumer of the fizzy drink, sued the company for false advertising, arguing that after 10 years drinking Red Bull he neither had wings nor any enhanced athletic or intellectual performance. According to the complainant, the Austria-based firm deliberately misled unsuspecting customers to spend millions of pounds on the premium drink in the hope of gaining an edge on their competitors. And fearful of a costly and time-consuming trial, Red Bull was forced to settle the case out of court, pledging to refund $10 to any US customer who bought the drink since 2002 and agreeing to amend future advertising. Related Articles What it takes to be a Red Bull Air Race pilot 13 Aug 2014 Drinks giant Red Bull GmbH must pay $13m to settle the suit, $6.5m of which will go into a fund that will be paid out to an estimated 1.4 million consumers, who can apply for the refund through a specially created website. “Red Bull settled the lawsuit to avoid the cost and distraction of litigation,” a spokesman said. “However, Red Bull maintains its marketing and labeling have always been truthful and accurate, and denies any and all wrongdoing or liability.” But the class-action lawsuit, which began in January 2013, cited evidence in The New York Times, Nutrition Reviews and the European Food Safety Authority Journal that indicated energy drinks provide their boost through caffeine alone, not guarana or any other ingredient. As a result, Mr Careathers argued, Red Bull’s performance-enhancing properties could only be tested by the quantity of caffeine in each can, which worked out more expensive that a cup of coffee from Starbucks. The 2000 advert that launched the company's eponymous "gives you wings" slogan “Such deceptive conduct and practices mean that [Red Bull’s] advertising and marketing is not just ‘puffery,’ but is instead deceptive and fraudulent and is therefore actionable,” the suit said. “Even though there is a lack of genuine scientific support for a claim that Red Bull branded energy drinks provide any more benefit to a consumer than a cup of coffee, the Red Bull defendants persistently and pervasively market their product as a superior source of ‘energy’ worthy of a premium price over a cup of coffee or other sources of caffeine.” The company’ pledge to refund $10 - or $15 worth of Red Bull products - to each drinker since 2002 has sparked an overwhelming reaction around the world, temporarily crashing the energydrinksettlement.com website. It has since been confirmed that the amount refunded to individuals could be much lower than originally estimated, as more and more consumers apply for compensation from a finite pool of settlement money.


List of Potenial Bow Wood Species - With Comments in Technical Bowmaking Information Forum BUTTERNUT .38. COTTONWOOD: black .45; eastern .40. CEDARS: western red, white .32, Port Orford .43, Alaska .44. Low SG cedars are very brittle, and about the worst possible bowwood candidates. More like balsa than bowwood. There is always the rare piece of oldgrowth heartwood or compression wood that could do a bit better. When choosing any conifer choose thin-ringed wood if possible. CHESTNUT, American, .43. FIRS: balsam .36, white .37, noble .38, Pacific silver .38, California red .39, Norway .43. HEMLOCK .42. MAHOGANY Most mahoganies and woods sold as mahogany are light and brittle. Some can reach .50 and above. MANGO About .45. PINES: eastern white .35; sugar .36; western white .38; ponderosa, lodgepole .40; red, Scots .45. POPLARS Several species, all just above or below .37. Brittle. Since a same-size staves of poplar contains about half the wood as, say, whiteoak it will do half the work of whiteoak. Everything else being equal poplar, or similar-SG wood, can safely be made to half the drawweight, or to twice the width of whiteoak. REDWOOD .40. SPRUCES: black, eastern, red, Sitka, white .40; Norway .42. WILLOW .39. BORDERLINE BOWWOODS All of the following can become durable fulldraw midweight bows using less severe versions of the Non-Bowwood remedies, above. ASH, black .49. Black is the lightest and weakest ash. Tested samples and bows took excessive set per mass. BOXELDER .46. ELEDEBERRY To .50. There are several species. Dr. Bert Grayson's elderberry in Oregon appears denser and more elastic than that tested here in the Bay Area, and made a decent bow. Elderberry is superior wood for drill and base when making handrill fires. EUCALYPTUS Somewhat brittle in tension, chrysals easily, tends to be twisted, leaving clues to this in its bark. Its less twisted when grown undercover and away from wind. This wood takes little set before it blows, so will have good cast as long as it holds together. FIR, Douglas .49. Look for heartwood boards or trees with a high percentage of dark wood in the rings. 50% if you can. Such usually comes from fine-ringed, old-growth wood, more frequently seen in old doors and beams at salvage yards. Such dense fir can perform like mid-weight ash. HAWTHORN, English, Crataegus laevigata. ??????????????????// LARCH, eastern tamarak .52. Several good bows reported; western .51. MAGNOLIA, southern .50. Diffuse-porous. PINES: loblolly, pitch, shortleaf .51, southern yellow .55, longleaf, slash .56. SASSAFRAS is placed in this category with some reluctance. At .46, it tends to break on its back before taken cast-robbing set. Sassafras will become a fast, smooth bow if handled carefully. An ELB design makes the handle area do work, letting about 20% more wood store energy. At 1.5" wide and 76 or so long, with narrow outer limbs, it will be a durable, sweet-shooting bow. As with other tension-weak woods, a crowned English belly will offer some protection by allowing general and local set to take place, reducing back strain. If backed with light rawhide length or width can be reduced to that of a bow of typical .55 or slightly higher SG wood. All the sassafras I've seen has been thin-ringed, with a high percentage of early growth. This wood was thought well of in earlier times. Possibly better growing conditions allowed thicker-ringed, denser, stronger, more elastic wood. Possibly such wood grows today, in which case it would be rated here as a true bowwood. If given a choice select staves with thicker growth rings and low-percentage early wood. Sassafras is especially easy to work. SILVERBELL .48. SWEETBAY Laurel Magnolia .48. SYCAMORE .49. Diffuse-porous. TOYON, California holly. This wood is fairly brittle, but good bows have been nursed from it. For Californians, bay is a better native wood. TREE-OF-HEAVIN .52. TUPELO .50. Diffuse-porous. TRUE BOWWOODS Assuming sound wood, proper design and good tillering, only the lowest SG species here might occasionally need light backing. APPLE .65. ASH: green .56; Oreg