how many medals did GB win in the 2012 Olympics?

London 2012 Olympics saw Team GB men and women clinch 29 Olympic gold medals | Daily Mail Online comments Britain's athletes at the Olympics did not just exceed expectations, they smashed them, and in doing so a series of previously little-known athletes became household names. The total of 65 medals, including 29 golds, is the best tally recorded by Britain at any Olympics since 1908 - and 18 more than won in Beijing four years ago. It was also the Games when British women came to the fore - with first ever golds in rowing, stunning performances in cycling, Jessica Ennis in the stadium, and several riders in the equestrian events. Colin Moynihan, chairman of the British Olympic Association, said: 'It's the greatest team we have ever sent to an Olympic Games.' For IOC president Jacques Rogge, there was no doubt that Britain's record medal haul had been hugely important for the overall success of the Games. He said: 'London was a dream for a sports lover. Since the awarding of the Games in Singapore in 2005 I have said that we need home gold medals and that is so important for the mood of the general public. We had to wait two days but then it accelerated and it has been fantastic.' Scroll down for video Great Britain finished third in the overall medals table - one place better than hoped. Right, the breakdown of which sports brought in the medals Wednesday, August 1 Women's Pairs, Rowing Bradley Wiggins, Cycling, time trial World's best: Helen Glover and Heather Stanning stand proudly with their gold medals after winning the women's pair final at Eton Dorney Fervent support: Packed grandstands patriotically roar on the British rowers at Eton Dorney Support: Huge crowds lined the route to cheer Wiggins on to glory as he claimed GB's second gold of the Games Champion: Wiggins, posing with his gold after the time trial, briefly became Britain's most decorated Olympian - until Chris Hoy's Olympics started Thursday, August 2 Peter Wilson, Shooting, double trap Tim Baillie and Etienne Stott, Canoe Slalom, C2 double Men's team sprint, Cycling Farmer's son Peter Wilson, from Dorset, took gold in the Double Trap shooting - thanks to coaching sessions on Skype from a member of the Dubai royal family Double quick: Tim Baillie and Etienne Stott took a gold just two minutes after Wilson won in the trap shooting Right on track: Chris Hoy (right), Jason Kenny (left) and Philip Hindes took gold in the men's team sprint on Day Six of the Olympics Friday August 3 Men's team pursuit, Cycling Victoria Pendleton, Cycling, women's keirin Rowed to glory: Anna Watkins (right) and Katherine Grainger celebrate winning gold in the women's double sculls at Eton Dorney Fast and glorious: Britain's Ed Clancy, Geraint Thomas, Steven Burke and Peter Kennaugh on their way to gold in the final of the men's team pursuit Golden boys: (Left to right) Clancy, Burke, Kennaugh and Thomas with their medals Victoria Pendleton clinches gold in the women's keirin before celebrating with the velodrome crowd with a huge union jack Saturday, August 4 Shortly before lunchtime Andrew Triggs Hodge, Pete Reed, Tom James and Alex Gregory were victorious at Eton Dorney in the men's four. It triggered a gold rush, the likes of which had never been experienced by British Olympians. Also on the water, Sophie Hosking and Katherine Copeland claimed gold with an emphatic win in the women's double scull, before Team GB continued their domination in the velodrome with victory in the women's team pursuit. Then came those golden performances by Jess Ennis in the heptathlon, Greg Rutherford in the long jump and Mo Farah in the 10,000m to round off a remarkable day for British sport. Winning team: The men smiled widely during the medal ceremony for the Men's Four Final on Day 8 of the London 2012 Olympic Games at Eton Dorney Delight: Andrew Triggs Hodge, Pete Reed, Tom James and Alex Gregory led from the start to extend Britain's dominance over the Olympic event to 16 years Scream if you've gone fastest: Sophie Hosking (left) and Katherine Copeland react in joy and shock af


With the given names Richard Jordan who was the inventor of the first machine gun in 1863?

ISL: Gatling Gun and Richard Jordan Gatling Gatling Gun and Richard Jordan Gatling Gatling Gun and Richard Jordan Gatling Gatling gun and Richard Jordan Gatling (created by M. Howell 1/2009) Dr. Richard Jordan Gatling (b. 1818 - d. 1903) was an Indianapolis inventor and physician.  He invented the Gatling gun, a rapid fire weapon, and had the first prototypes made here in the city.  He received a U.S. Patent on November 4, 1862.  (Patent No. 36,836).  He eventually sold his patent to the Colt Company in Connecticut. The slang term ‘Gat’ is derived from Mr. Gatling’s name. Dr. Gatling is buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis. Books (IND 623.44 W136G) Wahl, Paul Francis.  The Gatling gun. New York : Arco Publishing Co. 1965. (IND 623.4424 J66G) Johnson, F. Roy. The Gatling gun and flying machine of Richard and Henry Gatling.  Murfeesboro, N.C. : Johnson Publishing Co. 1979. (IND 608 M667)Minturn, Joseph Allen. The Inventor’s Friend. Indianapolis : Meridian Publishers. 1893. pgs 82-84. (IND 683.4 L743G) Lindert, Albert W. Gunmakers of Indiana. Illinois : Sheffield Press, 1968. Government Documents (p.d. 623.4 Un58mp Vol. 3 no. 59 [within volume it is no. 1769]) “Handbook of the Gatling Gun, Caliber .30”. Washington D.C.: GPO. 1917. (p.d. 623.4 Ung58) "Report on Gatling Guns of Large Caliber". Ordnance Memoranda No. 17, 1874.  Journals (IND 610.5 J86i) Bonsett, Charles A. M.D. “Medical Museum Notes”. Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association.  v. 71 No. 9, September 1978. pg 802 Portrait.  (IND 610.5 J86i) Bonsett, Charles A. M.D. “Medical Museum Notes”. Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association.  v. 81 No. 12, December 1988. pg 1006 Portrait. (IND 610.5 I385i) Stark, William A. M.D. “Richard Jordan Gatling 1818-1903. Indiana Medical History Quarterly. Vol. 4 No. 1 March 1978. cover, pgs 3 and 15-19. (Ref Microfilm F486 O51) Shira, Donald D. M.D.  “Contribution of Ohio Physicians to the Inventions of the Period, 1835 – 1858”. Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly. Oct-Dec 1940, pgs 318-320. (IND 634.9 O94) Funk, Arville L. “Doctor Gatling and His Famous Gun”. Outdoor Indiana.  Vol. 7 No. 11 May 1964, pg 26-29. (IND 366.1 I385) “Indiana Mason Inventor of First Rapid-Fire Gun”. Indiana Freemason. Vol. 35 No. 6, November 1957. Pg. 12-13. Manuscripts (MSS L34) John Coburn Collection, papers 1850-1904. Correspondence: Gatlin to Coburn, 21-December-1873. Indiana State Library, Manuscripts Division. Newspapers (more items in the newspaper card index under Gatling) (IND 70 T819 - microfilm) Rosser, M.L. “Dr. Richard Gatling, Man of many talents”. Tri-State Trader. Vol.5 No. 47. March 3, 1973 pg 6.  (IND 70 T819 – microfilm) Irons, Larry R. “Machine Gun’s Inventor Self-Proclaimed Pacifist”. Vol. 18 No. 21, August 19, 1985. pg 13B. “Death, Richard J Gatling” Indianapolis Journal 2/27/1903 page 4 c. 7 “Death, Mrs. Gatling” Indianapolis Star 9/28/1908 page 10 c. 4 “Tests new gun for public and Governor Morton” Indianapolis Daily Journal 5/30/1862 page 3 Pamphlets (IP 623.4 no. 1) “Gatling Gun” , extracted from  The Great Industries of the U.S., 1872.  T.B. Burr & Hyde : Hartford, CT. pgs 944-950 (IP* 623.4 no. 1) Gatling's system of fire-arms, with official reports of recent trials and great success.  Descriptions, general directions, etc.  (IP 623.4 no. 2) Gatling Battery.  This implement of warfare was invented and patented by R.J. Gatling, of Indianapolis, Ind. Nov. 4th, 1862. McWhinny, Rindge & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 1863 IN MH 4-30-2009


"Which song written by Cole Porter in 1933 referred to ""Fred Astaire, Mussolini, Mrs Sweeny and Camembert ""?"

London Journal; A Sex Scandal of the 60's, Doubly Scandalous Now - The New York Times The New York Times World |London Journal; A Sex Scandal of the 60's, Doubly Scandalous Now Search Continue reading the main story Correction Appended It was a scandal that riveted Swinging Sixties London and left behind a tantalizing question that has gone unanswered for nearly 40 years. At its center was Margaret, Duchess of Argyll, a rich and seductive society beauty who inspired Cole Porter's ''You're the Top.'' In what was then the longest and costliest divorce proceeding in British history, she was accused by her husband, the duke, of leaving him behind in his dark baronial castles in Scotland and going on a high-kicking romp through the salons of London during which she took, by his count, 88 lovers, including cabinet members, Hollywood actors and members of the royal family. The duke knew this, he said, because he had stolen her diaries from her desk drawer and also found compromising pictures. Submitted to the Edinburgh court but kept from public view, the photographs reportedly showed a naked man gratifying himself and pictured her, dressed in nothing but three strands of pearls, performing a sex act on a naked man in the mirrored gilt and silver bathroom of her Mayfair apartment. The pictures, taken with a Polaroid camera, showed the man only from the neck down. It led the judge in the case, Lord Wheatley, to identify him as ''the man without a head'' and prompted British gossips ever since to ask, ''Who was the headless man?'' Continue reading the main story For years, the two most prominent suspects have been Winston Churchill's son-in-law, Duncan Sandys, who was defense secretary in the government of Harold Macmillan, and the American actor and society figure Douglas Fairbanks Jr. A television documentary shown on Britain's Channel 4 this week came up with what it called the ''definitive answer'' -- it was both of them. Advertisement Continue reading the main story The four-year divorce proceeding had magnified significance for the British public because it revealed fresh evidence of upper-class decadence during the same months in 1963 that the scandal involving the war minister, John Profumo, was unfolding. Mr. Profumo had to resign in disgrace when it emerged he lied to Parliament about his relationship with the call girl Christine Keeler. The duchess was found to have committed adultery with four men by the judge, Lord Wheatley, who, in a 50,000-word report that took more than three hours to read, pilloried her as a high-class harlot. ''She is a highly sexed woman who has ceased to be satisfied with normal sexual activities and has started to indulge in disgusting sexual activities to gratify a debased sexual appetite that can only be satisfied by a number of men,'' he said. He added, ''Her attitude to the sanctity of marriage was what moderns would call enlightened but which in plain language was wholly immoral.'' There have been books, biographies, articles and a full-length opera devoted to her since, but she died in 1993 without ever revealing her secret. Both Mr. Fairbanks, who died in May, and Lord Duncan-Sandys, who died in 1987, always denied involvement. The television documentary, titled ''Secret History: The Duchess and the Headless Man,'' said the man shown in the pictures was in fact two men. Peter Jay, later to be British ambassador to Washington but then a Treasury official assisting in the official investigation, told how the senior judge leading the inquiry, Lord Denning, proved that Mr. Fairbanks was one of them. He deliberately invited the five principal suspects to his office to discuss the matter, obliging them to sign in on an official guest book. Each signature was examined by a graphologist to find the match with the ''thinking of you'' caption found on the snapshots. Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. Sign Up Privacy Policy Lord Denning, who died last year at the age of 100, concluded that it


Convert rood to acre - Conversion of Measurement Units Convert rood to acre - Conversion of Measurement Units ›› More information from the unit converter How many rood in 1 acre? The answer is 4.00000002214. We assume you are converting between rood and acre. You can view more details on each measurement unit: The SI derived unit for area is the square meter. 1 square meter is equal to 0.00098842153134 rood, or 0.000247105381467 acre. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. Use this page to learn how to convert between rood and acres. Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units! ›› Want other units? You can do the reverse unit conversion from acre to rood , or enter any two units below: Enter two units to convert From: I'm feeling lucky, show me some random units . ›› Definition: Rood old unit of land area equal to roughly 1/4 acre ›› Definition: Acre An acre is a measure of land area in Imperial units or U.S. customary units. It is equal to 43 560 square feet, 4840 square yards, or 160 square rods. The precise meaning of this depends on the exact definition adopted for a foot: the international acre is 4 046.856 422 4 mï¿½ (for the UK, see). For measurements based specifically on the US survey foot the US survey acre is ca. 4 046.872 610 mï¿½. ›› Metric conversions and more ConvertUnits.com provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. Examples include mm, inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more!


Who won the cricket county championship in both 2008 and 2009?

County Championship Division One, 2013: county-by-county preview for the forthcoming domestic season - Telegraph County Championship Division One, 2013: county-by-county preview for the forthcoming domestic season Telegraph Sport previews the County Championship Division One. Just champion: Warwickshire celebrate winning last year's County Championship Division One title Photo: GETTY IMAGES 11:49AM BST 09 Apr 2013 Derbyshire Last season: 1st in CC Div 2, T20 5th in group, CB40 4th in group Captain: Wayne Madsen Coach: Karl Krikken Ins: Ben Slater (Leeds/Bradford MCCU), Billy Godleman (Essex), Shivnarine Chanderpaul (West Indies), Richard Johnson (Warwickshire), Jonathan Marsden (academy) Outs: Garry Park, Matt Lineker, Hamza Siddique (released) The reputation: Full of Kolpak players, torn-apart by political in-fighting, awful ground and a county going nowhere that would be better off merging with neighbours Nottinghamshire. The reality: Transformed under the coaching of Karl Krikken, the captaincy of Wayne Madsen and chairmanship of Chris Grant. The emphasis is on producing homegrown players and First Division cricket will be played at one of the most improved county headquarters for the first time in 13 years. Related Articles County Championship previews 09 Apr 2013 One to watch: Billy Godleman. Played for England Under-19s alongside the likes of Steven Finn and Chris Woakes but his career stalled at Essex. Derbyshire hope batting coach David Houghton can reinvigorate the left-hander. Verdict: Will be everyone’s hot tip to go straight back down but few expected them to win the Second Division title last season. Lack of reliable pace may be their weakness. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Last season: 6th in CC Div 1, T20 3rd in group, CB40 5th in group Captain: Paul Collingwood Coach: Geoff Cook (director of cricket) Ins: Keaton Jennings Outs: Liam Plunkett (Yorkshire), Michael Di Venuto, Ian Blackwell (both retired) The reputation: County champions in 2008 and 2009 and a big-spending club with star name players who can be expected to challenge for honours. The reality: Looked like a side growing old together at times last season and were heading for relegation until Paul Collingwood was appointed captain and turned them round in mid-season. One to watch: Ben Stokes. Blotted his copy book when he was sent home from the England Lions tour of Australia for disciplinary reasons but is a destructive middle order batsman and a handy seamer. Verdict: Could be a threat again if Steve Harmison, who was so out of favour last season that he was loaned out to Yorkshire, can regain form to lead the seam attack. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Last season: 3rd CC Div 1; T20 Group stage; CB40 2nd Group A Captain: Chris Rogers Coach: Richard Scott Ins: Nick Gubbins (YTH), James Harris (Glam); Chris Rogers (Aus); Adam Voges (Aus for T20) Outs: Andrew Strauss (RET), Scott Newman (REL), Anthony Ireland (Leics), Robbie Williams (Leics), Tom Scollay (REL), Steven Crook (Northants) The reputation: Impressive pace-driven surge in championship marked steady improvement on 2012 after too many cringingly bad seasons The reality: Third place flattered the batters and inconsistencies in spinning and keeping departments proved expensive One to watch: James Harris, high grade gunpowder. Verdict: Their bristling 'gather ye rosebuds’approach could easily conjure up a title. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Last season: 5th in CC Div 1, T20 quarter-finalists, CB40 4th in group Captain: Chris Read Coach: Mick Newell (director of cricket) Ins: Ajmal Shahzad (Yorkshire), Ed Cowan (Australia), David Hussey (Australia – T20 only) Outs: Karl Turner, Scott Elstone, Neil Edwards (released), Darren Pattinson (gave up domestic status) The reputation: A wealthy county who have bought their recent success by recruiting rather than developing their own players. The reality: Nottinghamshir


What goods or produce did a mercer deal in?

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"Who wrote the cult books called ""Chariots of the Gods"" and ""Return to the Stars""?"

Chariots of the Gods : Was God An Astronaut?: Amazon.co.uk: Erich Von Daniken: 9780285629110: Books "von Daniken's... rewriting of human history have had a profound influence on both alternative archaeology and popular culture." -- 'Fortean Times' About the Author Erich von Daniken is arguably the most widely read and most-copied nonfiction author in the world. He published his first (and best-known) book, Chariots of the Gods, in 1968. The worldwide best-seller and was followed by 32 more books, including Twilight of the Gods, History Is Wrong, Evidence of the Gods, and Odyssey of the Gods. His works have been translated into 28 languages and have sold more than 63 million copies. Several have also been made into films. Von Daniken's ideas have been the inspiration for a wide range of TV series, including the History Channel's hit Ancient Aliens. He lives in Switzerland but is an ever-present figure on the international lecture circuit."            --This text refers to the MP3 CD edition. What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item?


In what decade did cupro-nickel replace silver in British coins?

ExchangeRate.com - Currency Information Indian Rupee 1 artharupee = 50 paise 1 rupee = 100 paise In 1957, decimalisation occurred and the rupee was divided into 100 naye paise (Hindi for "new paise"). In 1964, the initial "naye" was dropped. Many still refer to 25, 50 and 75 paise as 4, 8 and 12 annas respectively, not unlike the usage of "bit" in American English for ½ dollar. In March 2009 the Indian Finance Ministry launched a public competition to select a symbol for the currency. The rupee on the East African coast and South Arabia In East Africa, Arabia, and Mesopotamia the Rupee and its subsidiary coinage was current at various times. The usage of the Rupee in East Africa extended from Somalia in the north, to as far south as Natal. In Mozambique the British India rupees were overstamped, and in Kenya the British East Africa Company minted the rupee and its fractions as well as pice. The rise in the price of silver immediately after the First World War caused the rupee to rise in value to two shillings sterling. In 1920 in British East Africa, the opportunity was then taken to introduce a new florin coin, hence bringing the currency into line with sterling. Shortly after that, the Florin was split into two East African shillings. This assimilation to sterling did not however happen in British India itself. In Somalia the Italian colonial authority minted 'rupia' to the exact same standard, and called the pice 'besa'. The rupee in the Straits Settlements The Straits Settlements were originally an outlier of the British East India Company. The Spanish dollar had already taken hold in the Straits Settlements by the time the British arrived in the nineteenth century, however, the East India Company tried to introduce the rupee in its place. These attempts were resisted by the locals, and by 1867 when the British government took over direct control of the Straits Settlements from the East India Company, attempts to introduce the rupee were finally abandoned. International use With Partition, the Pakistani rupee came into existence, initially using Indian coins and Indian currency notes simply overstamped with "Pakistan". In previous times, the Indian rupee was an official currency of other countries, including Aden, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the Trucial States, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, the Seychelles, and Mauritius. The Indian government introduced the Gulf rupee, also known as the Persian Gulf rupee (XPGR), as a replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation exclusively outside the country with the Reserve Bank of India [Amendment] Act, 1 May 1959. This creation of a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the strain put on India's foreign reserves by gold smuggling. After India devalued the rupee on 6 June 1966, those countries still using it - Oman, Qatar, and the Trucial States (which became the United Arab Emirates in 1971) - replaced the Gulf rupee with their own currencies. Kuwait and Bahrain had already done so in 1961 and 1965 respectively. The Bhutanese ngultrum is pegged at par with the Indian rupee, and both currencies are accepted in Bhutan. The Indian rupee is also accepted in towns in Nepal which lie near the border with India. Coins East India Company, -1862 The three Presidencies established by the British East India Company (Bengal, Bombay and Madras) each issued their own coinages up to 1835. All three issued rupees together with fractions down to ½ and 1/16 rupee in silver. Madras also issued 2 rupees coins. Copper denominations were more varied. Bengal issued 1 pie, ½, 1 and 2 paise. Bombay issued 1 pie, ¼, ½, 1, 1½, 2 and 4 paise. In Madras, there were copper coins for 2, 4 pies, 1, 2 and 4 paisa, with the first two denominated as ½ and 1 dub or 1/96 and 1/48 rupee. Note that Madras also issued the Madras fanam until 1815. All three Presidencies issued gold mohurs and fractions of mohurs, including 1/16, ½, ¼ and ½ in Bengal, 1/15 (a gold rupee) and ½ (pancia) in Bombay and ¼, ½ and ½ in Madras. In 1835, a single coinage for the EIC was introduced. It consisted of copper 1/12, ¼ and ½


Austria Country Code 43 Country Code AT About Austria Hide CountryCode.org is your complete guide to make a call from anywhere in the world, to anywhere in the world. This page details Austria phone code. The Austria country code 43 will allow you to call Austria from another country. Austria telephone code 43 is dialed after the IDD. Austria international dialing 43 is followed by an area code. The Austria area code table below shows the various city codes for Austria. Austria country codes are followed by these area codes. With the complete Austria dialing code, you can make your international call.


Give the German word for the number eight

Learn to Count From 0 to 1,000 in German For each number below, two forms are shown: the cardinal number (Kardinalzahl - 1, 2, 3...) and ordinal number (Ordinalzahl - 1st, 2nd, 3rd...) In some cases the fractional number (Bruchzahl - 1/2, 1/5, 1/100...) is also given. (To make fractions [Brüche], just add -tel or -el to the number: acht + el = achtel [an eighth], zehn + tel = zehntel [a tenth].) Although the masculine (calendar date) form is shown for the ordinal numbers, they can also be feminine (die), neuter (das) or plural, depending on the noun they are used with: das erste Auto (the first car), die zweite Tür (the second door), die ersten Menschen (the first humans), etc. When referring to individual numbers in German, you say "die zwei" (2) or "die einundzwanzig" (21), short for "die Nummer/Zahl..." An example would be naming the winning numbers for the lottery on television. The Numbers from One (1) to Ten (10) 0   null (zero, nought) 1   eins - der erste, der 1. (first). One o'clock is ein Uhr (time, no ending on 'ein') but one clock or a clock is eine Uhr (article, -e ending on 'ein'). Date: on the first is am ersten; on 1 May, on May first, the first of May is am ersten Mai or am 1. Mai 2   zwei - der zweite, der 2. (second) - halb, die Hälfte (half, one-half) Tip: Often the alternative form zwo is used to avoid confusion with drei. 3   drei - der dritte, der 3. (third) - drittel (one-third) 4   vier - der vierte (fourth) - viertel-, das Viertel (one-fourth, quarter) 5   fünf - der fünfte (fifth) 6   sechs - der sechste (sixth) 7   sieben - der siebte (seventh) 8   acht - der achte (eighth) 9   neun - der neunte (ninth) For decimal numbers (Dezimalzahlen), German uses a comma (das Komma) where English uses a decimal point: 0.638 (English) = 0,638 (spoken: "null Komma sechs drei acht") or 1.08 (English) = 1,08 (spoken: "eins Komma null acht"). Fun Fact: German expression: “in null Komma nichts” (“in 0,0”) = in an instant, in a flash. 10 10   zehn - der zehnte, der 10. (tenth) 11   elf - der elfte, der 11. (eleventh) 12   zwölf - der zwölfte, der 12. (twelfth) 13   dreizehn - der dreizehnte (thirteenth), am dreizehnten 14   vierzehn - der vierzehnte (fourteenth) - am vierzehnten 15   fünfzehn - der fünfzehnte (fifteenth) - am fünfzehnten 16   sechzehn - der sechzehnte (the sixteenth) 17   siebzehn - der siebzehnte (seventeenth) 18   achtzehn - der achtzehnte (the eighteenth) 19   neunzehn - der neunzehnte (nineteenth) 20 To say "in the twenties (the '20s)" - short for "the 1920s" - in German you say "in den zwangziger Jahren." The same method is used for all the other decades ('30s, '40s, etc.) except for the 1900s and the teens. 20   zwanzig - der zwanzigste, der 20. (the twentieth, 20th) - am zwanzigsten (Juni), am 20. (Juni) (on the 20th of June) 21   einundzwanzig - der einundzwanzigste, der 21. (the twenty-first, 21st) - am einundzwanzigsten (Juni), am 21. (Juni) (on the 21st of June) 22   zweiundzwanzig - der zweiundzwanzigste, der 22. (the twenty-second, 22nd) 23   dreiundzwanzig - der dreiundzwanzigste, der 23. (the twenty-third, 23rd) 24   vierundzwanzig - der vierundzwanzigste, der 24. (the twenty-fourth, 24th) 25   fünfundzwanzig - der fünfundzwanzigste, der 25. (the twenty-fifth, 25th) 26   sechsundzwanzig - der sechsundzwanzigste, der 26. (the twenty-sixth, 26th) 27   siebenundzwanzig - der siebenundzwanzigste, der 27. (the twenty-seventh, 27th) 28   achtundzwanzig - der achtundzwanzigste, der 28. (the twenty-eighth, 28th) 29   neunundzwanzig - der neunfundzwanzigste, der 29. (the twenty-ninth, 29th) 30 Note that, unlike the other tens (20, 40, 50, etc.), dreißig has no 'z' in its spelling. 30   dreißig - der dreißigste, der 30. (the thirtieth, 30th) 31   einunddreißig - der einunddreißigste, der 31. (the thirty-first, 31st) 32   zweiunddreißig - der zweiunddreißigste, der 32. (the thirty-second, 32nd) 33   dreiunddreißig - der dreiunddreißigste, der 33. (the thirty-third, 33rd) (Continues as with the 20s) 40 40   vierzig - der vierzigste, der 40. (the fortieth, 40th) 41   einundvierzig - der einund


"Which English author wrote ""Chrome Yellow "" in 1921?"

Crome Yellow by Aldous Huxley. Search eText, Read Online, Study, Discuss. Introduction (1921) Huxley completed his first (unpublished) novel at the age of 17 and began writing seriously in his early 20's. His first published novels were social satires, beginning with Crome Yellow (1921). Huxley satirises the fads and fashions of the time. It is the story of a house party at Crome, a parodic version of Garsington Manor, home of Lady Ottoline Morrell, a house where authors such as Huxley and T. S. Eliot used to gather and write. The book contains a brief pre-figuring of Huxley's later novel, Brave New World. Mr. Scogan, one of the characters, describes an "impersonal generation" of the future that will "take the place of Nature's hideous system. In vast state incubators, rows upon rows of gravid bottles will supply the world with the population it requires. The family system will disappear; society, sapped at its very base, will have to find new foundations; and Eros, beautifully and irresponsibly free, will flit like a gay butterfly from flower to flower through a sunlit world." On vacation from school, Denis goes to stay at Crome, an English country house inhabited by several of Huxley's most outlandish characters--from Mr. Barbecue-Smith, who writes 1,500 publishable words an hour by "getting in touch" with his "subconscious," to Henry Wimbush, who is obsessed with writing the definitive "History of Crome". Denis's stay proves to be a disaster after his weak attempts to attract the girl of his dreams, and endures the ridicule regarding his plan to write a novel about love and art. Lambasting the post-Victorian standards of morality, Crome Yellow is a witty masterpiece that, in F. Scott Fitzgerald's words, "is too ironic to be called satire and too scornful to be called irony." Regardless of what it was meant to be, this novel, from a 21st century viewpoint is socially-advanced fiction. The moral and intellectual viewpoints of the curious bunch of characters that inhabit it are so far removed from the accepted attitudes of the 1920's that its impact at that time must have been weakened by incomprehension. The apparently vapid main character, is subjected to such a barrage of opinions from his fellow guests at Crome, an isolated but civilised country house, that he departs even more irresolute and confused than when he arrived a few days earlier. How familiar this is to we few media-saturated inhabitors of the present who can find time to read a book! As with all works more than forty years old it helps if the reader has some feeling for historical context. Crome is very much a reflection of Garsington Manor, a refuge for pacifists and refugees during the First World War, and the home of Lady Ottoline Morrell. She was a great supporter of nascent literary talent, including Huxley himself, and liked to be surrounded by artists and intellectuals, so the fictional gathering at Crome is certainly autobiographical; often a fascinating aside to first novels. At a loose end after leaving Oxford University, Huxley moped around at Garsington hoplessly smitten by a very young Belgian refugee with lesbian tendancies, Maria Nys. He would certainly have met Lady Ottoline's rather domineering lover, the philosopher Bertrand Russell. Needless to say, all appear mutatis mutandis in Crome--I just couldn't resist that Huxleyan touch! It means 'with necessary changes'). Approach Crome Yellow as you would a painting by Rene Magritte; it is surreal yet civilised. A Magritte-like character even tells a story within a story, and a cynic cross-dresses to seduce a country maiden, so maybe it's not all intellectual chat. One thing is very striking. All the players get along fine. Crome could be the stereotypical setting for a Twenties murder mystery, but these eccentrics express their views, listen politely, and depart amicably.--Submitted by John Rowland Becoming once more aware of the outer world, he found himself on the crest of a descent. The road plunged down, steep and straight, into a considerable valley. There, on the opposite slope, a lit


In the Bible, Peter was the brother of which other apostle?

Apostle Peter Biography: Timeline, Life, and Death Apostle Peter Biography: Timeline, Life, and Death The Apostle Peter is one of the great stories of a changed life in the Bible. Check out this timeline and biography of the life of Peter. Peter’s Life Before Christ The Apostle Peter may have been the most outspoken of the twelve apostles in Jesus’ ministry on earth. He certainly became one of the boldest witnesses for the faith.  His beginnings were certainly humble in origin.  He was born about 1 B.C. and died sometime around A.D. 67. Peter was originally named Simon.  Jesus was the One Who changed Peter’s name. Peter means “rock” or literally Petra.  He was a Galilean fisherman and was the brother of Andrew.  The brothers came from the village of Bethsaida (John 1:43, 12:21).  Peter was married.  He was also a follower of John the Baptist.  Peter, like all humans before their calling, was a sinful man.  In fact he was ashamed of his sinfulness in the presence of Jesus Christ ( Luke 5:6-8 ).  Peter was perhaps the very first disciple that Jesus called along with His brother Andrew. Peter left his career as a fisherman to follow Jesus. Fishermen at that time were gruff, unkempt, vile, shabbily dressed, and often used vulgar language.  The fishermen of the first century were a man’s man.  They were full of vigor and had boisterous tempers.  This is perhaps why James and his brother John were called the Sons of Thunder (Mark 3:17).  Their’s was a rough life since fishing was a very physically demanding job.  They must have been somewhat fearless too because some of the storms that came quickly upon the Sea of Galilee were fierce and furious.  They often caught the fishermen by surprise and could easily capsize the 20 to 30 foot boats they used. Peter was always putting his foot in his mouth but one thing you could say about Peter was that when Jesus told them (Peter and Andrew) to “follow me” they simply walked away and left everything they had without a second thought (Luke 5:9-1).  Consider the fact that this meant that they left everything – all of their fishing boats, their fishing nets, and all the accessories that came with their trade.  How many today would be willing to leave their own business to follow Someone that had simply asked them to follow Him? Peter’s Life with Christ As mentioned earlier, Peter was among the first disciples called by Jesus and he was frequently their spokesman – for good or bad.  One thing that he is credited with is the special insight that he had concerning Jesus’ identity.  Peter was the first to call Jesus the Son of the Living God – the Messiah (Mark 8:29, Luke 9:20, Matt. 16:16-17).   When Jesus called him, Peter knew that He was of God and felt unworthy to be in Jesus presence (Luke 5:6-8).   Even so, Jesus did not hesitate and told Peter and Andrew that He would make them “fishers of men” (Mark 1:17). Peter was bold but often times in the wrong.  Once he even rebuked the Lord and said that he was willing to die for Jesus even though at the arrest and trial of Jesus he denied Him three times (Matt. 16:21-22).  Jesus loved the disciples and knew which of those whom would remain loyal to Him and those who would betray Him (Judas Iscariot).  Peter was an eyewitness to the many miracles that Jesus did and also witnessed the Shekhinah Glory along with John and James in the Transfiguration.  This was where Jesus’ humanity was peeled back to reveal the glory of His Divinity (Matt. 17:1-9). Peter the Disciple to the Apostle Peter A disciple means a “follower of” and that is what most Christians actually are today.  An apostle is “one sent forth” in the sense of sent forth by God to proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ.  The biblical definition of an apostle and the only one’s that are called apostles in the New Testament had to be either with Jesus during His earthly ministry (like the disciples) or having seen the risen Christ (as did Paul who was taught three years in the desert by Jesus Christ Himself). After Christ tells the disciples about the end of the age (Matt. 24) He gives them


What was the city of Harare called when Zimbabwe was called Rhodesia?

Harare | Define Harare at Dictionary.com Harare a city in and the capital of Zimbabwe, in the NE part. Expand [zim-bahb-wey, -wee] /zɪmˈbɑb weɪ, -wi/ Spell noun 1. Formerly Southern Rhodesia , Rhodesia . a republic in S Africa: a former British colony and part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland; gained independence 1980. 150,330 sq. mi. (389,362 sq. km). Capital: Harare. 2. the site of stone ruins (Great Zimbabwe) discovered c1870 in Rhodesia, probably built by a Bantu people, consisting of three main groups of ruins, and dating between the 9th and 15th centuries a.d. Related forms Examples from the Web for Harare Expand British Dictionary definitions for Harare Expand noun 1. the capital of Zimbabwe, in the northeast: University of Zimbabwe (1957); industrial and commercial centre. Pop: 1 527 000 (2005 est) Former name (until 1982) Salisbury Zimbabwe noun 1. a country in SE Africa, formerly a self-governing British colony founded in 1890 by the British South Africa Company, which administered the country until a self-governing colony was established in 1923; joined with Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) and Nyasaland (now Malawi) as the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1953 to 1963; made a unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) under the leadership of Ian Smith in 1965 on the basis of White minority rule; proclaimed a republic in 1970; in 1976 the principle of Black majority rule was accepted and in 1978 a transitional government was set up; gained independence under Robert Mugabe in 1980; effectively a one-party state since 1987; a member of the Commonwealth until 2003, when it withdrew as a result of conflict with other members. Official language: English. Religion: Christian majority. Currency: Zimbabwe dollar. Capital: Harare. Pop: 13 182 908 (2013 est). Area: 390 624 sq km (150 820 sq miles) Former names (until 1964) Southern Rhodesia, (1964–79) Rhodesia 2. Also Great Zimbabwe. a ruined fortified settlement in Zimbabwe, which at its height, in the 15th century, was probably the capital of an empire covering SE Africa Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for Harare Expand Zimbabwe southern African nation, 1980, named for an ancient city there, from Bantu zimba we bahwe "houses of stones," from zimba, plural of imba "house" + bahwe "stones." Previously known as Rhodesia (1964-80). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


What is the name of Catherine Tate's famous schoolgirl character?

Catherine Tate - IMDb IMDb Catherine Tate was born on May 12, 1968 in Bloomsbury, London, England as Catherine Ford. She is an actress and writer, known for Doctor Who (2005), Starter for 10 (2006) and The Catherine Tate Show (2004). See full bio » Born: a list of 44 people created 04 Jan 2013 a list of 29 images created 22 May 2013 a list of 36 people created 24 Oct 2013 a list of 30 people created 09 Jul 2014 a list of 36 people created 09 Jan 2015 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Catherine Tate's work have you seen? User Polls 5 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards  » Known For Doctor Who Donna Noble / The Bride (2006-2015)  2016 Drunk History: UK (TV Series) Elsie Wright / Mary Wilson  2016 Do Not Disturb (TV Movie) Anna  2016 Billionaire Boy (TV Movie) Sapphire Diamond  2015 Catherine Tate's Nan (TV Series) Nan  2015 The Vote (TV Movie) Kirsty Henderson  2014 Catherine Tate's Nan (TV Movie) Nan  2011 This Is Jinsy (TV Series) Roopina Crale  2010 The One Ronnie (TV Movie) Barmaid  2010 Little Crackers (TV Series) Josephine  2005 Children in Need (TV Series) Lauren / Herself  2005 Bleak House (TV Mini-Series) Mrs. Chadband  2005 Twisted Tales (TV Series) Wendy Midwich  1998-2002 Big Train (TV Series) Various Roles  2001 TV Go Home (TV Series) Sukie Hestonbacker / Jean Galoshes / Mimsy Hoppington / ...  2000 Harry Hill (TV Series) Various Roles  1994-1998 London's Burning (TV Series) Ginnie Readman / Molly  1993-1997 The Bill (TV Series) Lynda Jansen / Karen Brogan / WDC Palmer - Give and Take (1993) ... WDC Palmer  1994 Milner (TV Movie)  1991 Surgical Spirit (TV Series) Girlfriend - Episode #2.6 (2002) ... (additional sketches) - Episode #2.5 (2002) ... (additional sketches - as The Cast) - Episode #2.4 (2002) ... (additional sketches - as The Cast) - Episode #2.3 (2002) ... (additional sketches - as The Cast) - Episode #2.2 (2002) ... (additional sketches - as The Cast)  2004 The Catherine Tate Show (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Car Party (2004) ... (performer: "Brass in Pocket" - uncredited) Hide  - Nan's Christmas Carol (2009) ... (executive producer) Hide   2017 Room 101 (TV Series) Herself  2015-2016 Very British Problems (TV Series) Herself  2016 The Last Leg (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2009-2016 The One Show (TV Series) Herself / Herself - Guest  2013 Frost on Sketch Shows (TV Movie documentary) Herself  2011 Imagine (TV Series documentary) Herself - Interviewee  2011 Blue Peter (TV Series) Herself  2010 Sidekick Stories (TV Movie documentary) Herself - Narrator (voice)  2005-2009 This Morning (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2009 Saturday Kitchen (TV Series) Herself  2009 Doctor Who Greatest Moments (TV Mini-Series documentary) Herself  2009 Comic Relief 2009 (TV Special) Nan / Herself  2008 Comedy Connections (TV Series documentary) Herself  2006-2008 Doctor Who Confidential (TV Series documentary) Herself  2008 50 Greatest Comedy Catchphrases (TV Movie documentary) Herself  2007 Perfect Night In (TV Series documentary) Herself  2006 Film 2016 (TV Series) Herself  2006 Sport Relief 2006 (TV Movie) Old Woman  2005 2005 TV Moments (TV Movie) Herself  2005 The Royal Variety Performance 2005 (TV Movie documentary) Herself - Comedian  2005 Tickled Pink (TV Movie documentary) Performer  2005 Richard & Judy (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2004 Children in Need (TV Series) Herself  2011 My Favourite Joke (TV Series) Herself  2011 Phelous & the Movies (TV Series) Donna Noble Played Peg in Congreve's "The Way of the World" - National Theatre, London (1995). See more » Publicity Listings: 4 Interviews | 5 Articles | See more » Alternate Names: Did You Know? Personal Quote: On accepting her new position as the Doctor Who companion: I am delighted to be returning to Doctor Who. I had a blast last Christmas and look forward to traveling again through time and space with that nice man from Gallifrey. See more » Trivia: Catherine grew up in Bloomsbury's iconic Brunswick Centre. See more » Star Sign:


"Who did Winston Churchill describe as ""a sheep in sheep's clothing""?"

Winston Churchill - Wikiquote Winston Churchill Jump to: navigation , search Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour.' Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill KG OM CH TD FRS PC (Can) ( November 30 , 1874 – January 24 , 1965 ) was a British politician and statesman, best known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He was Prime Minister of the UK from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. Contents Early career years (1898–1929)[ edit ] To improve is to change, so to be perfect is to have changed often. Every influence, every motive, that provokes the spirit of murder among men, impels these mountaineers to deeds of treachery and violence. The strong aboriginal propensity to kill, inherent in all human beings, has in these valleys been preserved in unexampled strength and vigour. That religion, which above all others was founded and propagated by the sword — the tenets and principles of which are instinct with incentives to slaughter and which in three continents has produced fighting breeds of men — stimulates a wild and merciless fanaticism. The love of plunder, always a characteristic of hill tribes, is fostered by the spectacle of opulence and luxury which, to their eyes, the cities and plains of the south display. A code of honour not less punctilious than that of old Spain, is supported by vendettas as implacable as those of Corsica. Description of the tribal areas of what is now Pakistan , commonly referred to as Waziristan Downloadable etext version(s) of this book can be found online at Project Gutenberg It is, thank heaven, difficult if not impossible for the modern European to fully appreciate the force which fanaticism exercises among an ignorant, warlike and Oriental population. Several generations have elapsed since the nations of the West have drawn the sword in religious controversy, and the evil memories of the gloomy past have soon faded in the strong, clear light of Rationalism and human sympathy. Indeed it is evident that Christianity, however degraded and distorted by cruelty and intolerance, must always exert a modifying influence on men's passions, and protect them from the more violent forms of fanatical fever, as we are protected from smallpox by vaccination. But the Mahommedan religion increases, instead of lessening, the fury of intolerance. It was originally propagated by the sword, and ever since, its votaries have been subject, above the people of all other creeds, to this form of madness. In a moment the fruits of patient toil, the prospects of material prosperity, the fear of death itself, are flung aside. The more emotional Pathans are powerless to resist. All rational considerations are forgotten. Seizing their weapons, they become Ghazis—as dangerous and as sensible as mad dogs: fit only to be treated as such. While the more generous spirits among the tribesmen become convulsed in an ecstasy of religious bloodthirstiness, poorer and more material souls derive additional impulses from the influence of others, the hopes of plunder and the joy of fighting. Thus whole nations are roused to arms. Thus the Turks repel their enemies, the Arabs of the Soudan break the British squares, and the rising on the Indian frontier spreads far and wide. In each case civilisation is confronted with militant Mahommedanism. The forces of progress clash with those of reaction. The religion of blood and war is face to face with that of peace. Luckily the religion of peace is usually the better armed. The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War (1898), Chapter III. I pass with relief from the tossing sea of Cause and Theory to the firm ground of Result and Fact. The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War (1898), Chapter III. It is better to be making the news than taking it; to be an actor rather than a critic. The Story of the Malakand Fie


Who has won 7 of the last 10 all Ireland senior hurling championships?

Kilkenny GAA, Kilkenny Hurling | Sport in Kilkenny   History Kilkenny is the most successful county ever in the game of hurling. As of September 2015, the team has won the All-Ireland Championship 36 times and has won the provincial Leinster Championship on 70 occasions. Beginning of the modern era In 1922 Kilkenny won their sixteenth Leinster title before later lining out in the All-Ireland final against Tipperary. In an exciting game Tipp were winning by three points with three minutes to go, but Kilkenny fought back to score two goals to secure the victory. It would be forty-five years before Kilkenny would beat Tipp in the championship again. Further Leinster titles soon followed, however, Galway accounted for ï¿½the Catsï¿½ in the All-Ireland semi-finals. In 1926 Kilkenny faced Cork on a snow-covered Croke Park in the All-Ireland final, however, victory on that occasion went to ï¿½the Rebelsï¿½. The 1930s proved to be one of Kilkennyï¿½s most successful decades, book-ended by two of the most famous All-Ireland finals of all-time. The 1930s saw ï¿½the Catsï¿½ battle it out with Limerick for the title of team of the decade. In 1931 Kilkenny were back as Leinster champions before squaring up to Cork in the All-Ireland final. At half-time Cork lead, however, Kilkenny fought back to secure a draw. The replay saw Lory Meagher give one of his most outstanding displays on the hurling field. Once again Cork lead at half-time, however, Kilkenny fought back to force a second draw. In the third game of the thrilling series Kilkenny were without the heroic services of Meagher. On that occasion Cork secured the victory by seven points. 1932 saw Kilkenny back in the All-Ireland final. Clare, surprise winners in Munster, provided the opposition. In an exciting game ï¿½the Catsï¿½ won by a goal and claimed their first championship in a decade. The following year Kilkenny were back in their third successive championship decider, this time against Limerick. Once again, the game was a close affair; however, Kilkenny won the day to seal back-to-back All-Ireland titles. In 1935 Kilkenny regained their Leinster crown before lining out in the All-Ireland final. Limerick provided the opposition once again. In a close game Kilkenny beat the Munster men by a single point. 1936 saw an All-Ireland rematch between Kilkenny and Limerick, however, on this occasion Limerick had the measure of ï¿½the Catsï¿½ and trounced them by 5ï¿½6 to 1ï¿½5. The following year Kilkenny had a chance to redeem themselevs in their third consecutive championshipd ecider. This time Tipperary were the opponent, however, Kilkenny collapsed on the day and gave Tipp a seventeen-point victory. This looked like the end for the great Kilkenny team of the 1930s, however, two years later in 1939 the team was back in the All-Ireland final. On the day that World War II broke out ï¿½the Catsï¿½ took on Cork at Croke Park. Both sides were level throughout much of the game, the climax of which was played in a fierce thunderstorm. Terry Leahy was the hero for Kilkenny as he scored the winning point in the dying seconds of the game. Kilkenny were back in the championship decider again in 1940, their fifth in six years. On this occasion an ageing Limerick team faced an ageing Kilkenny team, but it was the Munster men who had the upper hand and claimed the victory. The early 1940s saw Kilkenny forced to withdraw from the championship because of an outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the county. They regained the Leinster title in 1943, but Antrim pulled off the biggest hurling shock of all-time by defeating ï¿½the Catsï¿½ in the All-Ireland semi-final. Two years later in 1945 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. The Munster men led by a large margin at half-time; Kilkenny fought back but it wasnï¿½t enough to deny Tipp. In 1946 Kilkenny were back in the championship decider, this time taking on Cork. The first-half saw both sides trade the lead on several occasions, however in the second-half Cork scored five goals to deny Kilkenny for the second consecutive occasion.


The Sutherland Falls, the fifth highest waterfalls in the world are in which country?

New Zealand Tours - Milford Track and Sutherland Falls - YouTube New Zealand Tours - Milford Track and Sutherland Falls Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jun 12, 2008 The Famous Sutherland Falls on the famous Milford Track through Fiordland to Milford Sound. Fifth-highest waterfalls in the world, see froma plane. Category


Which architect designed the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851?

The Crystal Palace The Crystal Palace Image: The Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London, in 1851 © RIBA Library Drawings and Archives Collections The Crystal Palace was designed not by an architect but by a gardener, Joseph Paxton, with the assistance of Charles Fox from the contractor Fox Henderson. There were 245 submissions for the competition to design a building on the grounds of Hyde Park to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, but none were satisfactory, giving Paxton the chance to present his idea. …one of the great monuments of nineteenth-century architecture.…I could not tear my eyes from the spectacle of its triumphant harmony. Le Corbusier in Architectural Review, February 1937, p.72 His design came to be more famously known by its nickname the ‘Crystal Palace’. It was prefabricated, assembled onsite and used large quantities of metal (iron) and glass – it could easily sound like a High Tech building from today rather than the mid-19th century. The exhibition was a success, but Paxton and his building were often not so well-regarded until the 20th century, when Modernists such as Le Corbusier reassessed this innovative and seemingly simple building made of manufactured parts.   Construction started in August 1850. One size of glass was chosen and this in turn determined the size of the repetitive units. Paxton’s prefabricated modular design enabled a low cost and quick build.  In just nine months 19 acres of Hyde Park were under glass. Its tall barrel-vault transept was crossed by a long flat-roof nave. The building and exhibition was opened to great fanfare on 1 May 1851 by Queen Victoria. The move to Sydenham Image: Plan of the Crystal Palace and Park, Sydenham, London, in the 1850s (The Crystal Palace is in red, top) © RIBA Library Drawings and Archives Collections When the Great Exhibition was over, the Hyde Park site had to return back to its previous green state. Faced with the potential loss of his building, Paxton set up a company to find it a new home, despite the fact it was intended only as a temporary structure. The Crystal Palace was dismantled, shipped and re-erected in Sydenham on the outskirts of London, its second and last site. The Crystal Palace at Sydenham was not a just a transplanted building; when it was re-erected in south London between 1852 and 1854, the rebuilt structure used twice the glass it had at Hyde Park to accommodate an increase in size and the addition of a barrel-vault transept at each of the two ends of the nave. It also sat in new landscaped gardens and flanked by two large water towers designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Until the disastrous fire of 1936, the Crystal Palace for over eighty years was one of London’s major venues for events and exhibitions and was a tourist attraction. The loss was felt locally and internationally – Le Cobusier lamented its destruction. Destruction of the Crystal Palace   Image: Crystal Palace, Sydenham, London, in ruins following the fire of 30 November 1936 © RIBA Library Photographs Collection It stood to remind us that we did contribute something to the pioneer efforts of the Modern Movement.  J.M. Richards in Architectural Review , January 1937, p.1  There are no visible signs today of the building at Hyde Park or of the mature elms around which construction had to carefully avoid damaging. At Sydenham, much of the Crystal Palace was destroyed in a fire that took hold on the 30 November 1936. The surviving water towers were demolished during World War II to remove a potential landmark for enemy aircraft.  At Sydenham there are just the Grade II listed remains of the garden terraces, and the vaulted subway that once connected the Crystal Palace to the Crystal Palace (High Level) station , now demolished. But south London could once again see the return of this landmark. In October 2013 it was announced that the ZhongRong Group intended to rebuild the Crystal Palace as part of a £500 million project. If the Crystal Palace had survived it might have become a national icon, much as the Eiffel Tower did in France. Ian Leith in Delamotte’s Cry


Whose gang were the victims of the St Valentine's Day Massacre of 1929?

The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre Share this: The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre Author The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre URL Publisher A+E Networks Fourmen dressed as police officers enter gangster Bugs Moran’s headquarters on North Clark Street in Chicago, line seven of Moran’s henchmen against a wall, and shoot them to death. The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, as it is now called, was the culmination of a gang war between arch rivals Al Capone and Bugs Moran. George “Bugs” Moran was a career criminal who ran the North Side gang in Chicago during the bootlegging era of the 1920s. He fought bitterly with “Scarface” Al Capone for control of smuggling and trafficking operations in the Windy City. Throughout the 1920s, both survived several attempted murders. On one notorious occasion, Moran and his associates drovesix cars past a hotel in Cicero, Illionis, where Capone and his associates were having lunch and showered the building with more than 1,000 bullets. A $50,000 bounty on Capone’s head was the final straw for the gangster. He ordered that Moran’s gang be destroyed. On February 14, a delivery of bootleg whiskey was expected at Moran’s headquarters. But Moran was late and happened to see police officers entering his establishment. Moran waited outside, thinking that his gunmen inside were being arrested in a raid. However, the disguised assassins were actually killing the seven men inside. The murdered men included Moran’s best killers, Frank and Pete Gusenberg. Reportedly Frank was still alive when real officers appeared on the scene. When asked who had shot him, the mortally wounded Gusenberg kept his code of silence, responding, “No one, nobody shot me.” The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre actually proved to be the last confrontation for both Capone and Moran. Capone was jailed in 1931 and Moran lost so many important men that he could no longer control his territory. On the seventh anniversary of the massacre, Jack McGurn, one of the Valentine’s Day hit men,was killed him in a crowded bowling alley with a burst of machine-gun fire. McGurn’s killer remains unidentified, but was likely Moran, though hewas never charged with the murder. Moran was relegated to small-time robberies until he was sent to jail in 1946. He died in Leavenworth Federal Prison in 1957 of lung cancer. Related Videos


Who came fifth in the 2012 Olympic medal table behind USA, China. GB and Russia?

London 2012: Global winners and losers at the Olympics - BBC Sport BBC Sport London 2012: Global winners and losers at the Olympics By Ollie Williams Read more about sharing. How has London 2012 changed the sporting map of the world? The United States won the highest number of gold medals and the most medals in total, with China dropping to second place on the medals table after unprecedented dominance at their home Olympics in Beijing four years ago. Third place for Great Britain, exceeding all expectations and smashing a 2008 performance previously thought outstanding in its own right, had a knock-on effect for Russia as they fell out of the top three for the first time since the end of the Soviet era. South Korea improved to fifth, their best finish since hosting the Games in Seoul 24 years ago, while Australia endured a comparatively miserable Olympics to take 10th place, their worst performance in two decades. Here, BBC Sport breaks down how each nation won its medals, what the result might mean and how fans at home have reacted. United States US restore medals table dominance This was the best-ever performance from a US team outside American soil, topped only by huge hauls of 78 golds at the St Louis 1904 Games and 83 at the boycotted Los Angeles Games of 1984. Restoring the US to the top of the pile, and doing so comprehensively in terms of both Olympic titles and overall medals, had been the team's ambition and delighted their "immensely proud" Olympic committee chief executive Scott Blackmun. Swimming was far and away the biggest asset to the US team, contributing 16 gold medals, nine more than its nearest rival, athletics. Of those 16, Missy Franklin and Michael Phelps were responsible for four each, a result that puts the pair of them above the entire Australian team. Beyond their traditional dominance on the running track and in the pool, what impresses about the US performance at London 2012 is its breadth. The team won titles in 15 separate sports, unmatched by any other nation. And the ultimate feel-good factor was sealed on the Games' final day as the US men ensured both basketball gold medals would head back across the pond. China China assesses Olympic 'journey' The slip back into second place for China does not come as a surprise. China's own officials were keen to play down expectations before the Games, not least because - shorn of the advantage of being the hosts - the team was several hundred athletes lighter than that fielded in Beijing four years ago. Funding had taken a similar dip. When China won 51 gold medals at Beijing 2008, 38 of them came from only six sports: badminton, diving, gymnastics, shooting, table tennis and weightlifting. At London 2012, those sports supplied 27 golds - Chinese dominance still exists there, but not at the all-conquering level of their home Games. In gymnastics, for example, China 'only' won five gold medals compared to 11 in Beijing, while there were shocks in some disciplines China had been expected to wrap up with ease. For example, Qiu Bo missing out on gold in the men's 10m platform diving. Back in China, much has been made of perceived judging scandals and bias in the outcomes of some Olympic events, though little of this has filtered through into the Western press. However, China does have one big success story from London 2012: swimming. Sixteen-year-old sensation Ye Shiwen and freestyle specialist Sun Yang, the nation's first-ever male Olympic champion in the pool, led the way as China picked up five swimming gold medals, making a dent in traditionally US-held territory for the first time. Great Britain 'Greatest ever' GB finish third You probably know this story by now. This is certainly the greatest Games for Britain in more than a century, and realistically the greatest-ever, given the only larger medal tally came in 1908, in London, when a third of all the competitors were British. Against all the odds - rule changes, the loss of Britain-dominated events, reductions in riders per race - the GB track cycling team once again brushed aside all comers in


Who first translated the New Testament into English in 1526?

Sacred Text: Tyndale New Testament Home > Online Gallery > Sacred texts > Tyndale New Testament Tyndale New Testament Tyndale's New Testament was the first to be printed in English. This is one of only two complete copies surviving from the 3,000 or more printed in 1526 by Peter Schoeffer in the German city of Worms. Tyndale's translation was pronounced heretical in England, so his Bibles were smuggled into the country in bales of cloth. Those discovered owning them were punished. At first only the books were destroyed, but soon heretics would be burned too - including Tyndale himself in 1536. William Tyndale's New Testament, Worms (Germany), 1526. Gospel of John (beginning) British Library C.188.a.17 Listen to curator Dr Moira Goff on this text Who was William Tyndale? He was a scholar and theologian who was born in Gloucestershire at the end of the 15th century. Tyndale was educated at Oxford and then at Cambridge. An impressive scholar, fluent in eight languages, he was ordained as a Christian priest in around 1521. As a chaplain back in Gloucestershire, he was influenced by the writings of Dutchman Desiderius Erasmus, who argued for personal faith between the individual and God, not mediated and controlled by the Church hierarchy. But such views, and Tyndale's plans to translate the New Testament into English, were unpopular with the clergy. He fled to London in 1523 and tried unsuccessfully to find support from the bishop of London, Cuthbert Tunstal. Why all the fuss about a Bible in English? Although the Old Testament had first been written in Hebrew and the New Testament in a dialect of Greek and, possibly, Aramaic, the official language of the medieval Church was Latin - the language of the Roman Empire, which had adopted Christianity as its religion during the fourth century. Christians continued to be governed from Rome by the Pope during medieval times. Church services were conducted in Latin throughout the Christian world, and translation of the Latin Bible into the vernacular, in other words the local language anyone could understand, was actively discouraged. None the less, by Tyndale's day, vernacular Bibles were available in parts of Europe, where they added fuel to the popular questioning of religious authority initiated by the monk Martin Luther - a religious crisis known as the Reformation, which resulted in the splitting of Christianity into Catholic and Protestant Churches. In England, however, under the 1408 Constitutions of Oxford, it was strictly forbidden to translate the Bible into the native tongue. This ban was vigorously enforced by Cardinal Wolsey and the Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas More, in an attempt to prevent the rise of English 'Lutheranism'. The only authorised version of the Bible was St Jerome's Latin translation, known as the ' Vulgate ', made in the fourth century and understood only by highly-educated people. Tyndale's mission was to make the Bible accessible to all. His translation was undeniably Lutheran in tone, replacing traditional words with new ones that argued a shift in the balance of religious power: 'Congregation' instead of Church; 'elder' in place of priest; and 'repentance' for penance. Tyndale pictured in the frontispiece of his 1534 New Testament, which described itself as "dylygently corrected and compared with the Greke by Willyam  Tindale" How did Tyndale's English translation come about? Though spurned by the clergy and in constant danger, Tyndale made influential friends among the laity. In May of 1524, aided by money from Sir Humphrey Monmouth and others, he set sail for Germany where he hoped his secret work could be continued in greater safety. He based his translation on a New Testament in Greek that had recently been complied by Erasmus from several manuscripts older and more authoritative than the Latin Vulgate. Printing began in Cologne in the summer of 1525, but wind of the project soon reached the Dean of Frankfurt. He not only arranged a ban on printing in Cologne but also alerted Cardinal Wolsey to Tyndale's activities. Tyndale fled with his assi


"Who was the 1957 poem by Thom Gunn talking about when it said ""he turns revolt into style""?"

Thom Gunn Essay - Thom Gunn World Literature Analysis - eNotes.com Thom Gunn Essay - Thom Gunn World Literature Analysis Navigate Study Guiderows link Link Thom Gunn once described himself as a “derivative poet. I learn what I can from whom I can.” He tried out a number of poetic styles and was influenced by a number of poetic traditions. As a result, his poetry encompassed a very wide range of subjects, and the poems reflected the influence of many important figures in modern poetry. The influence of Yvor Winters led Gunn to read, write about, and to some extent imitate such Renaissance poets as Ben Jonson and Fulke Greville. By the middle of his career, however, he began to read and be influenced by such different poets as Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, and Gary Snyder. The essays he wrote on these poets and the changes in his style clearly show his change in affiliation. Gunn’s poetic style is unusual in its clarity of diction. His use of classical models and references, especially in the early poems, is clearly a reason for his exactness in choosing words. The influence of Winters may be another factor in Gunn’s unusually clear poems. Winters stressed the poetry of statement, and Gunn seems to have adopted that mode in his poetry. Nearly all of Gunn’s early poetry was written in traditional meters and very often in traditional stanzaic forms. The meter of most of his early poems is the most traditional of all meters in English, iambic pentameter. A few poems are written in iambic tetrameter and even fewer in iambic trimeter, but Gunn tended to stick to pentameter, which he polished and refined. Gunn also consistently used rhyme in his poems, especially alternating rhyme, and occasionally, as in “Moly,” he used the heroic couplet. Gunn was impressed by T. S. Eliot’s dictum that a poet does not express his personality but escapes from it. As a result, many of his poems have invented speakers, such as the warrior from the Trojan War in “The Wound” or the motorcycle riders in The Sense of Movement. It is only in The Man with Night Sweats that he speaks in his own voice. The themes of Gunn’s poems are various, but in the early poems the major focus is on the will. This theme can be seen in the warrior of “The Wound” and the soldier of “Incident upon a Journey,” who has “no regrets” about his violent actions. The exercise of the will can be seen as a mode of life in “On the Move” and “Innocence.” In “On the Move” the motorcyclists “dare a future” by their movement. Whether there is any meaning in their actions is not dealt with; it is the keeping in motion, a metaphor for the will, that matters. In “Innocence” the soldier has made himself or been made into an “instrument.” Military allusions and metaphors are common in Gunn’s poetry, even in a love poem, such as “The Beach Head,” where the stages of seduction are described as an invasion. Another love poem, “Carnal Knowledge,” portrays the act of love as one of shared deception rather than union. It is interesting that Gunn wrote few poems on the two eternal subjects of English poetry, nature and love. He was a traditional poet, but he avoided nearly all the traditional subjects of poetry. Along with will and its accompanying violence, Gunn focused on choice. He read the works of Jean-Paul Sartre while he was a student, and many of the French philosopher’s ideas can be found in Gunn’s poetry. “Vox Humana” is a good example of his writing on the theme of choice. The speaker in this poem feels urged on by some force within him to choose what will become the pattern of his life. Without choice, life and existence remain a “blur,” but with choice comes a fixed design that is often destructive. The focus on will and action led Gunn to write poems about such unlikely figures as Elvis Presley and Claus von Stauffenberg. Presley turns “revolt into style.” Whether he merely adopts a pose or not does not matter; he becomes an icon who leads others to liberation. Presley is similar to one of the motorcycle riders of The Sense of Movement, but von Stauffenberg is a more conventi


"According to the iconic song, popular in world war one, called ""she was poor but she was honest"" it was 'the rich wot gets the gravy'. But wot did the poor get?"

Full Text of All Articles The Berkeley Daily Planet By JUDITH SCHERR Tuesday March 20, 2007 An ordinance passed 5-4 March 13 that would have limited the number of years a person can sit on certain commissions and impose restrictions on the number of commissions on which a person can sit was rescinded 8-0-1 at Tuesdayâs council meeting, with Councilmember Laurie Capitelli abstaining.  Had the council approved the second reading of the ordinance on its agenda Tuesday, community members were set to challenge it with a petition to put it on the ballot as a referendum at the nest election.  The future of the measureâwhether it is dead or will come back in the same or a different formâwill be discussed at the April 16 agenda committee meeting.  On Monday, John Selawsky, Igor Tregub, Patti Dacey, Laurie Bright and Howard Chong submitted a petition to referend the ordinance to the city clerk, so that they could begin collecting signatures immediately upon passage of the ordinance. They would have 30 days from approval of the law to collect 4,073 signatures.  The measure that passed on the first reading would apply to four quasi-judicial commissions: the Housing Advisory Commission, the Landmarks Commission, the Zoning Adjustments Board and the Planning Commission and would:  â¢ limit the number of years a commissioner could sit on these commissions to eight consecutive years. After a two-year break, the commissioner could be reappointed to the commission;  â¢ prohibit a person who serves on one of the key commissions from serving on any other board or commission, with the exception of elected commissions and the Library Board of Trustees.   Voting to oppose the ordinance on March 13 were councilmembers Linda Maio, Kriss Worthington, Dona Spring and Max Anderson.    By Riya Bhattacharjee and Rio Bauce Tuesday March 20, 2007 On Saturday afternoon at Oakland City Hall, there was some R&B, some hip hop and jazz, and then there was Barack Obama.  The junior U.S. senator from Illinios drew a crowd of over 10,000 for his campaign speech at the Frank Ogawa Plaza in Downtown Oakland, according to organizers.  âJust look at the crowd he has created,â said San Francisco District Attorney Kamala Harris from her front-row seat on Saturday. âHe talks to the people like no one else. He reaches out to them like none other. I am here today as a supporter of Obama. He is a leader, a friend and someone who will take us to the next generation of leadership.â  Supporters of all ages and colorsâsome with âVive Obamaâ and âObama in â08â posters written in green to keep with the spirit of St. Patrickâs Dayâcheered when Oakland mayor Ron Dellums presented Obama.  âWe welcome Senator Obama to the city which has the audacity to see itself as a model city for the entire United States of America ... Mi casa es su casa,â said Dellums, as people roared.  Born to an American mother, from Kansas, and a Kenyan father, Obama began his career organizing community events in some of Chicagoâs poorest neighborhoods. He went on to become the first African American president of the Harvard Law Review, winning over both liberals and conservatives with his charisma.  âWhen people heard I was running for president, some said âheâs got the talent, but he doesnât have the experience,â Obama told the crowd. âItâs true that I havenât been in Washington long, but I have been in Washington long enough to know that Washington needs to change.  âMy experience as a civil rights attorney has taught me that fairness and justice have to be practiced everyday. My experience as a senator has taught me that ordinary people have the ability to do extraordinary things,â he said. âThis campaign is a vehicle for you, for your hopes and dreams. When a million people say a child will have better education, they cannot be stopped. When a million people say we need a better energy policy, they cannot be stopped. Oakland, California, I want to be a partner with you.â  Obamaâs speech touched upon his theme of the âaudacity of hope,


Who won the county cricket twenty/twenty championships in both 2010 and 2012?

County cricket fixtures 2015: Yorkshire start title defence at Worcestershire | Sport | The Guardian County cricket fixtures 2015: Yorkshire start title defence at Worcestershire • New county cricket season’s fixture list published • Champions face Worcestershire on Sunday 12 April Yorkshire celebrate their first County Championship title in 13 years, and the 32nd in their history. Photograph: Richard Heathcote/Getty Images Press Association Wednesday 26 November 2014 05.38 EST First published on Wednesday 26 November 2014 05.29 EST Close This article is 2 years old Yorkshire’s bid to win back-to-back County Championship titles for the first time in almost half a century will begin with a trip to Worcestershire, who finished as runners-up in Division Two last season. The White Rose ended a 13-year wait to be crowned champions again when they sealed last season’s trophy with a game to spare. That was a record 32nd championship for the county and now they will aim to do something no Yorkshire side has managed since the 1960s: defend their title. In the 2015 fixtures, which were released on Friday after being put back 24 hours as a mark of respect following the death of Phillip Hughes, Yorkshire kick things off with the traditional curtain-raiser against the MCC in Abu Dhabi, a four-day match which starts on 22 March. A series of three-day warm-up games involving the counties and university sides follow, before the season proper starts on Sunday 12 April with four Division One and two Division Two matches. In Division One, 2013 champions Durham also go to Somerset, Middlesex host Nottinghamshire and Hampshire – who pipped Worcestershire to the Division Two title – take on Sussex. The two Second Division matches pit relegated Northamptonshire against Gloucestershire, while the bottom two teams from 2014, Leicestershire and Glamorgan, face each other at Grace Road. Neither Northamptonshire nor Leicestershire won a single championship match last season. The six teams not involved in the opening set of fixtures – Derbyshire, Essex, Kent, Lancashire, Warwickshire and Surrey – all begin their Championship campaigns on Sunday 19 April. Lancashire, with a new cricket director and head coach in Ashley Giles, start off against Derbyshire as they again attempt to bounce back at the first attempt after relegation. The Red Rose were Division One winners in 2011, relegated in 2012, Division Two winners in 2013, and then suffered the ignominy of the drop last term. Kent, meanwhile, make the hop to Chelmsford to face Essex, Surrey go to Glamorgan and Warwickshire host Hampshire. The final round of championship fixtures begins on Tuesday, September 22 and include Yorkshire facing Sussex at Headingley and 2012 champions Warwickshire going to Somerset, who also have a new director of cricket in Matthew Maynard. Warwickshire will again be hoping to mount a challenge for all three trophies, having finished runners-up in the championship and Royal London One-Day Cup last season while winning the inaugural NatWest T20 Blast. Warwickshire, in their guise as Birmingham Bears, will open the defence of their T20 title on Friday 15 May with a tough-looking trip to Nottinghamshire. Among the other seven matches on that Friday, defeated 2014 finalists Lancashire face former champions Leicestershire, while limited-overs powerhouses Hampshire take on Essex. In last season’s competition, Middlesex made history by playing two T20 group stage matches on the same day in the opening round, but there are no double-headers planned for 2015. Of the 126 T20 matches next season, 87 will be played on Friday nights. The 50-over Royal London One-Day Cup gets up and running at the end of July with last season’s finalists Durham and Warwickshire both involved in the first two matches. Durham, who won a low-scoring 2014 final at Lord’s by three wickets, have a trip to Northamptonshire first up while Warwickshire – as they do in the T20 – take on Nottinghamshire, both games taking place on Saturday 25 July. The T20 finals day is scheduled for Saturday, 29 August at Edgbas


What do we call the ancient Chinese board game known as weiqi in China? it is usually played on a board of 19 x 19 squares with black and white stones?

Go In Ancient China   2.       THE LEGENDS OF THE SAGE KINGS AND DIVINATION Most      Chinese writings on go quote the legend: "Yao invented go in order      to instruct his son Dan Zhu." Since Yao was a semi-mythical emperor      of the 23rd century BC, this is usually rendered in English as: "Go      is 4,000 years old." This      is but one legend, though the orthodox one. It is usually attributed      to the scholar Zhang Hua, for the remark did appear in his "Bo      Wu Zhi" [Record of the Investigation of Things], written about      270-290 AD (the ancient Chinese texts quoted here appear in many anthologies;      for go the best are Shen [undated] and Liu 1985; on Zhang Hua and go      see also Shirakawa 1993). However, he went on to add, with dry mockery: "Others      say [Emperor] Shun regarded his son Shang Jun as stupid and invented      go to instruct him." It is necessary to realise that, as many      anecdotes show (e.g. Du 1987:11-19; Li 1980a; Watanabe Y. 1977:93-133),      go had suddenly become enormously popular in Zhang's time, but was      frowned upon by Confucian moralists - for Confucius appeared to regard      it as only one step up from gluttony and idleness. The ascription of      go to Yao, in fact based on the " Shi Ben" [Origins of History],      a book of the Warring States period (475-221 BC), was designed to counter      this, since the sage kings Yao and Shun found favour with Confucius.      Zhang Hua's understated observation of the manners of his time should      not be taken as credulity. Indeed,      the Chinese themselves have a long tradition of dismissing the legend      out of hand, though using sometimes surprising arguments. For example,      the preface to the celebrated " Xuanxuan Qijing" [Mysterious      and Marvellous Go Manual] of 1347 says that go is the wrong thing to      make a foolish son wise. Others of course chose to believe it. The      Regional Inspector Tao Kan (259-334) had go and backgammon boards thrown      into the Yangzi River because go was "for foolish sons" and      because backgammon was supposedly invented by the evil tyrant Zhou      around the 11th century BC (Watanabe Y. 1977:144). Where      the "Shi Ben" got the legend from is another matter. Its      sources were the histories of various states from the dawn of Chinese      history. The version of the text we now have simply says Yao invented      go [yi] and Dan Zhu was adept at it. It appears there has been a conflation      of different legends, as one reason Yao and Shun were regarded as wise      was that they perceived that their sons were unworthy to follow them      and appointed outsiders as their heirs. However, Yao was also associated      in legend with calendar making and divination, and here it becomes      easy to see a possible link with go. Divination      in China seems to have been associated first with agriculture. Certainly      the Shang (16th-11th century BC) used cracks in animal bones and turtle      shells to predict harvests and the weather. Interestingly, too, divination      was associated with the legendary Yellow River Diagram and the Luo      Record. These were supposedly revealed to the Great Ancestor Fu Xi      on the back of a dragon-horse and a turtle that rose out of the Yellow      and Luo Rivers respectively. They are just magic squares, but the Chinese      have always depicted them in the same way as go diagrams.   Figure          1 [magic square where         the numbers are not shown with numerals but with clusters of        black and white "go" stones]   The       Shang were displaced by the Zhou, who shifted the emphasis of the        oracles to predicting the influences of the heavenly bodies. This        was the period       when the enduring yin-yang theory took


"What does the Latin phrase ""cogito ergo sum"" mean?"

'Cogito, ergo sum' - the meaning and origin of this phrase Cogito, ergo sum Usually translated from the Latin as 'I think, therefore I am'. Origin Possibly the best known of all philosophical quotations; this is from the French philosopher René Descartes in Discourse on Method, 1637, where he attempted to prove his existence as a thinking being, by thinking. 'I think, therefore I am' comes to us in English via two translations. Descartes' original statement in French was "Je pense, donc je suis". This is such a well-known line that it has spawned humorous alternatives, not least: "I'm pink, therefore I'm spam" "René Descartes was a drunken fart - I drink therefore I am".


Who was King of Denmark during world war two? A regnal number is not needed.

Rescue of the Danish Jews     The Holocaust of WW2 is certain to be remembered as humanity's blackest chapter of the century - between 1941 and 1945, German dictator Adolf Hitler and his Nazis murdered some 6 million     Jews. Amidst the madness of war, there are moments of hope   and illumination. In World War II, one such instance was the Danish Jewsï¿½   escape from Hitlerï¿½s genocidal plan to eradicate all Jews from Europe. The nobility of the human soul on a night when the Danes got truly fed up with   the fï¿½hrer ... Danish Jews reached safety ..     It's one of the great untold stories of World War II: In 1943, in German-occupied Denmark, the Danish people find out that all 7,500 Danish Jews are about to be rounded up and deported to German concentration camps. Danish citizens spontaneously make their own decision: it's not going to happen. And it didn't. Risking their own lives, the Danes quickly rallied round to save their fellow citizens, and almost all of the country's Jews were able to escape the clutches of the Nazis and find refuge in neutral Sweden. In 1941, in the midst of World War II, the Germans began their "Final Solution" for the Jews. At that time there were 10 million Jews in the countries of German-occupied Europe. By 1945, less than half of that number were left alive. The Nazi goal was to exterminate the Jews and rule Europe in an ethnically "pure" German Empire. At the infamous Wannsee Conference near Berlin 20 January 1942, details of the mass murder plans were discussed. Documents from that conference are still in existence today. They list, country by country, the number of Jews in Europe. Against the entry for Denmark is the figure 5,600-the inaccurate Nazi estimate of the number of Jews in Denmark. Final Solution: Auschwitz Bergen-Belsen Belzec Sobibor Treblinka   Denmark was a small idyllic country of 4 million people, with a history of taking in immigrants from countries such as Germany, Holland, Sweden, and Poland. Before the war, Denmark's small Jewish population was well integrated into the community. On April 9, 1940, Germany attacked Denmark. From then until 1945, Denmark was under German occupation. Most Danes were pro-British and anti-Nazi, but they were also aware of the need to adjust to living in a German-dominated Europe.  Danes and Germans quickly worked out the terms of occupation. King Christian X remained in Denmark, unlike his fellow monarchs in Norway and the Netherlands who fled to escape the Germans and establish resistance movements in England. The Danish government continued to rule. The Danes agreed to supply rich agricultural produce and other goods to the Germans. By the following year, however, a Danish resistance movement had begun, but it made little headway until 1943. Then the mood in Denmark began to change. German military targets and businesses working for the occupiers were hit by a wave of sabotage actions. There was also labor unrest, with massive strikes - widely supported by the populace - in many Danish cities. The King on his horse, followed by Danish citizens on bicycles The legend says that when the Germans ordered Jews in occupied Denmark to identify themselves by wearing armbands with yellow stars, King Christian X of Denmark and non-Jewish Danes thwarted the order by donning the armbands themselves. A popular version of the legend has King Christian   sporting an armband as he makes his daily morning horseback ride through the   streets of Copenhagen, explaining to citizens that he wears the Star of   David as a demonstration of the principal that all Danes are equal. And non-Jewish   Danes respond to their king's example by wearing the armband as well, thus   preventing the Germans from identifying Jewish citizens and rendering the   order ineffective. Although the Danes did undertake heroic efforts to shelter their Jews and help them escape from the Nazis, there is no real-life example of the actions described by this legend. Danish citizens never wore the yellow badge, nor did King Christian ever threaten to don it hi


"Name the book written in 1982 by Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh and Henry Lincoln that according to its authors in a court case inspired Dan Brown to write ""The Da Vinci Code""?"

The Da Vinci Code Case The Da Vinci Code Case � Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh v Dan Brown It is a fact that the claimants' book sales have benefited from The Da Vinci Code (and this litigation). -- Mr Justice Peter Smith I think by its very nature, this case entailed a conflict between the spirit of the law and the letter of the law. We lost on the letter of the law, I think we won on the spirit of the law, and to that extent we feel vindicated. -- Richard Leigh After devoting so much time and energy to this case, I'm eager to get back to writing my new novel. -- Dan Brown It is a testament to cynicism in our times that there have been suggestions that this action is nothing more than a collaborative exercise designed to maximise publicity for both books. It is true that the book sales of both books have soared during the course of the trial. -- Mr Justice Peter Smith The case of the century involving the best selling book The Da Vinci Code . The Da Vinci Code Case � Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh v Dan Brown: On the one side Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh co-authors with Henry Lincoln of The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail (Henry Lincoln was not party to the case), on the other side Dan Brown author of the best-selling novel The Da Vinci Code . Strictly speaking the case was against Random House, ironically the publisher of both books. But in essence the case was Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh versus Dan Brown. Dan Brown stood accused of plagiarism, breach of copyright, for stealing the ideas contained in The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail . It is difficult to see how the case got as far as it did. Were The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail a work of fiction (as it is seen by many), then Dan Brown could have stood accused of rewriting their work, had Dan Brown passed off The Da Vinci Code as original historic research, he could have stood accused of plagiarism. But as it did he did neither, he wrote a novel based on historical research. Were the views of Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh to prevail, no-one could write a novel based on any research, let alone historical research. This was the view of the judge, and in his summing up, gave the authors short-shrift. He seems as amazed as anyone that they brought the case. Richard Leigh stood outside the court claiming that they may not have won on the letter of the law, but did so on the spirit, although it hard to see how they came to this conclusion. During the closing week of the trial BBC Radio 4 broadcast three extracts from The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail . Listening to these readings, it is easy to see that Dan Brown drew heavily on the work .... plot spoiler � do not read further if you have not read the book .... that the Holy Grail is not a vessel, or rather is a vessel, but a very special vessel, The Mary Magdalene, that she married Jesus, that she escaped from the Holy Land with her children, that these formed a Holy Blood Line in France, this can be interpreted from how one divides the Old French words San gréal or Sang réal, the first being Holy Grail, the latter Royal Blood, the Priory of Sion being an inner circle inside the Knights Templar established to protect this bloodline, famous names being Grand Masters, hidden wealth in an obscure part of France, links with churches dedicated to Mary Magdalene and so on. On top of this, Dan Brown weaves his magic as a story teller, the modern day Grand Masters, the hunt by our heroes, the clues left by Leonardo Da Vinci and so on. Curiously, Dan Brown denies being influenced by The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail , having only given it a cursory glance, then having put it down as impossible to read. Why then do we find an anagram of the authors as one of the characters in The Da Vinci Code , even more important, the character who outlines the background highlighted above? Sir Leigh Teabing is an anagram of Baigent and Leigh. Did Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh fabricate the entire story, in other words it was a work of fiction, hence their annoyance that someone else has a runaway success with 'their' nove


What is the English name for what the Welsh call Llyn Tegid?

Llyn Tegid – Under the influence! The legend of the drowned town beneath Lake Bala in Wales Llyn Tegid is the Welsh name for Lake Bala in Gwynned which is the largest lake in Wales. It is nearly four miles long and covers 1,084 acres and is up to 136 feet deep. Although it is 529 feet above sea level it is situated in a rift valley lying northeast to southwest sloping down to meet the sea at Tywyn. The River Dee flows through the lake which is part of the river’s regulation system. Legend says the waters of the Dee never mix with the waters of the lake, though this has not been confirmed. The modern town of Bala is situated on the northern banks of the lake. Lake Bala by Necrothesp at en.wikipedia – CC BY-SA 3.0 Like other Welsh deluge legends such as Tyno Helig and Cantre’r Gwaelod there is the legendary submerged town of old Bala unLder the waters. This legend differs because Lake Tegid is a freshwater inland lake while the kingdoms of Tyno Helig and Cantre’r Gwaelod were located under what is now sea. Nevertheless, all three were the victims of a catastrophic deluge and they do have some common factors. This work will focus on Lake Bala. and discuss the two different legends which tell how the old Bala town was flooded and the lake was created.  Read more Continue reading → The Welsh legend of the birth of Taliesin Taliesin was one of the most famous and celebrated bards in Wales and holds an important place in Welsh history, mythology and culture to this day. Although evidence is patchy he was thought to have been born around 534 AD and died around 599 AD and was believed to have performed at the courts of three Brythonic kings. Many legends and myths grew up around him and some of his poems are still available today. The legend of Taliesin’s birth begins before he was born. This seems a strange thing to say but this is how the story went. Ceridwen, Gwion Bach and Morda brewing a potion – Public Domain Ceridwen’s gift By Llyn Tegid, (Lake Bala) in Penllyn, lived Tegid Foel who had a wife named Ceridwen. The couple had three children named Ceirwy, Morfran and Afagddu. Now Afagddu was unnaturally ugly and unbelievably stupid. Nevertheless, Ceridwen his mother, who was also a sorceress, loved him greatly and decided that to compensate for these disadvantages she would give to him the gift of knowledge.  Read more Continue reading →