In which present day country was the bulk of the Hittite Empire situated?

Hittites, The - Amazing Bible Timeline with World History Amazing Bible Timeline with World History Easily See 6017 Years of Biblical and World History Together! Menu $0.00 0 items Hittites, The The Hittites were the dark descendants of Heth, the second son of Canaan, youngest son of Ham .  In the Book of Genesis, they are declared to be one of the 12 Canaanite nations dwelling inside or close to Canaan from the time of Abraham up to Ezra’s era. They lived in the Promised Land to the Israelites. That’s why God commanded the Israelites to eradicate them. But they were not destroyed and still dwell in southern Palestine and around Jerusalem with the Hebrews.  The Hittite empire flourished and were shown on the Biblical Timeline chart starting from 2300 BC to about 1100 BC The Great Hittite Empire The Hittite Empire is mentioned over and over in the Bible as one of the most powerful empires in the ancient times. Scholars used to question the accuracy of the Bible saying that such a big Hittite Empire was only hearsay since it was nowhere to be found.  They considered the Hittites a small group of people living in the hills of Canaan together with Abraham . [This article continues after a message from the authors] These Articles are Written by the Publishers of The Amazing Bible Timeline Quickly See 6000 Years of Bible and World History Together Unique Circular Format – see more in less space. Learn facts that you can’t learn just from reading the Bible Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church … Limited Time Offer! Find out more now! > Hittite Kingdoms This was until the discovery showing the center of this great civilization, Hattusa – which was then followed by unearthing the treaty of Kadesh in Egypt establishing the Hittite capital, Hattusa and Heliopolis. And other important proofs such as remnants, tablets, documents, and successful excavations soon revealed the truth about the existence of this great empire. The Capital City, Hattusa Hattusa, the capital city of the amazing Hittite Empire, was excavated inside the circle of Kizil River situated close to the Boğazkale, Turkey. It was surrounded by forest that supplied enough wood for building and maintaining a large city.. The land around it was suitable for agriculture, and the hill lands could support pasture animals. The small rivers around the area supplied enough water for the people. But since these rivers are not appropriate for big ships, transportation in and out of the city was mainly by land. On top of the city was a rock used to shield the metropolis. Archaeologists today tried to reconstruct a small area of the walls with the same materials and techniques used by the Hittites to have a glimpse of how Hattusa looked in its glory days. Excavations showed that the city was almost deserted when it was attacked and burned. Parts of the Bible that mention Hittites: Genesis 23:5, 7, 10, 16, 18. Hittites as the sons of Heth. Genesis 15:20. Hittites as one of Abram’s descendants. Genesis 15:18-21. The Lord made a covenant with Abram giving the land from the river of Egypt to the great river the Euphrates to Abram and his descendants that includes Hittites. Deuteronomy 20:17, 7:1, Joshua 3:10. The Lord commanded the Israelites to destroy the Hittites along with the other children of Canaan. Numbers 13:29, Joshua 11:1. The Hittites are living in the “hill country”. Genesis 23:8-19. Abraham bought the field of Ephron the Hittite located in Machpelah and buried his wife, Sara, in the cave facing Mamre. Genesis 25:8-9. Abraham died and was buried in the cave of Machpelah, which he bought from the son of Zohar the Hittite, Ephron. Judges 3:5. The Israelites lived among the locals that included the Hittites. Genesis 27:46. Rebekah objected to Jacob marrying a Hittite woman. 2 Chronicles 1:17. Imported chariots and horses were given to the kings of the Hittites. 2 Kings 7:6, 1 Kings 10:29. Hittites have their own kingdoms and were hired by the king of Israel, along with the Egyptian kingdoms to fight against the Syrians. Joshua 11:1-2. Hittites allied with Kin


Which horse was the winner of the 2010 Cheltenham Gold Cup?

Cheltenham Festival 2010: Gold Cup day four live - Telegraph 19 Mar 2010 16:55 The final race of this year's Festival is fast approaching. And the bug gun trainers are out in force for this one. Nicky Henderson has three, Nigel Twiston-Davies three and Paul Nicholls, who could do with a winner, saddles a brace. Meanwhile some prices for the 2011 Gold Cup from old Bill Hill: 4-1 Imperial Commander, Kauto Star, 8-1 Denman, Weapon's Amnesty, 12-1 Big Buck's, 16-1 Diamond Harry, Long Run, Punchestowns, Somersby, 20-1 bar. 16:50 Pause and Clause unseated his rider last time out, but showed some tenacity here. The ground has slightly changed and perhaps that is why trainer Emma Lavelle is looking so rosy in the winners' enclosure. Next and final race: 5.15pm Johnny Henderson Grand Annual Steeple Chase 2m 1/2f Marlborough says Paul Nicholls may have the answer to a typically tough finale with Tataniano. RESULT 4:40 Martin Pipe Conditional Jockeys' Handicap Hurdle 1. Pause and Clause 14-1 2. Radium 14-1 3. Clova Island 14-1 16:20 Twiston Davies's gallows-humour view on Racing UK just now after his double. "It has been a hell of a 40 minutes. Maybe we will all die now." 16:15 Here's more from Ruby Walsh after Kauto Star's dramatic fall. "The winner made a mistake in the King George and that was him done. I made a mistake and we were down. That's the way it goes in racing. You are always struggling and I was fighting a lost cause. It was a bad fall but he got up and there's not a bother on him. He cantered back down fresh as a daisy, not a bother on him." 16:10 Ted Walsh has seen his son and daughter take three races. Now Nigel Twiston-Davies has witnessed his son score two wins. A cracking run from Baby Run in another slug-fest. But this time the oncoming Kilty Storm couldn't find enough. A double for the Twiston-Davies camp as well. Cider galore tonight in Gloucestershire. Next race: 4:40 Conditional Jockeys' Handicap Hurdle 2m 4 1/2f Marlborough believes it's another good chance for Philip Hobbs and Balthazar King. Why not take up Betfair's offer of a free £25 bet as the last two races loom? It's free! FREE! RESULT 4:00 Christie's Foxhunter Steeple Chase 3m 2 1/2f 1. Baby Run 9-2 3. Reach for the Top 66-1 16:00 The Foxhunter's is off, but I'm still reeling from the 3:20 drama. I can only predict that the winning jockey's silks will include the colour blue. Failing that, Trust Fund. 15:55 Harry Findlay reckons Denman could be in line for the Grand National next year. While we're on that subject, didn't Mon Mome perform admirably to take third? He, of course, won last year's National at a cool 100-1. And Venetia Williams, trainer of Mon Mome, said: "I felt a bit funny using a Gold Cup as a prep run for Aintree but I'm so delighted with that run. I thought he'd have a chance of getting in the first five but the way he finished up that hill reminded me of being at Aintree last April." RESULT 3.20pm Totesport Cheltenham Gold Cup 1. Imperial Commander 7-1 by 7 lengths 2. Denman 4-1 3. Mon Mome 50-1 15:44 Paddy Brennan on Imperial Commander: "It's by far the best day of my life. I'm speechless. It was a dream the whole way. Ruby Walsh on Kauto: "It was a bad mistake and knocked me out of position. I couldn't get him on even keel." Tony McCoy on Denman: "It's still disappointing [to finish second]. He ran his heart out and didn't do anything wrong." 15:40 Despite Kauto's fall, focus immediately turned to Denman from two out. He looked to be having a ball out there, but the 10-year-old just couldn't hang on up the hill - even when AP McCoy switched sides one out. A great, dramatic race, despite the anti-climax. And what's this tosh about racing being in the dumps? 15:37 Well, well, well. Kauto Star's blunder mid-race never gave Ruby Walsh the chance to get back into the race. When he fell it was down to just Denman and Imperial Commander and Paddy Brennan stormed clear on board. "It's the best day of my life," the winning jockey tells 'Trumpton' Plunkett. How local knowledge pays off. Those who never doubted his ability will now be rubb


What is the spirit ingredient in a Tom Collins cocktail?

Best Tom Collins Recipe - How to Make a Tom Collins Directions Combine the ingredients in a Collins glass 3/4 full of cracked ice. Stir briefly, top with club soda or seltzer, garnish with lemon circle, and serve with stirring rod. As for those cousins: To make a Gin Fizz, shake the gin, sugar, and lemon juice well with cracked ice, pour into a chilled Collins glass—no ice—and fizz to the top. To make a Gin Rickey, squeeze half a (well-washed) lime into a Collins glass full of ice, tip in 1 teaspoon superfine sugar, stir, pour in 2 ounces London dry gin, throw in the squeezed-out lime half, and top with bubbly water of choice. You may, if you wish, also add a dash of grenadine for color. The Collins treatment works well with other liquors: common are the Whiskey Collins or John Collins, which is self-explanatory, and the Rum Collins (light rum) or Charlie Collins (Jamaican rum), which are usually made with lime juice instead of lemon and to which a couple dashes of Angostura bitters are often added. See also the Brandy Fizz. The Wondrich Take: Along with its kissin' cousins, the Gin Rickey and the Gin Fizz, this classic formula hasn't been getting much exercise of late. Maybe the nasty tang of bottled Collins/Sour mix has poisoned virgin taste buds, depriving it of the young addicts a cocktail needs to survive. Or maybe it's just a sign of the swath tonic water has cut through summer drinks since its introduction back in the '30s. In any case, the Tom Collins has on its side tradition—it turns up in the 1877 Bon Vivant's Companion, by Jerry Thomas, the George Washington of American mixology—and simple elegance. Few drinks are as refreshing on a summer afternoon. And the name? Step one: A certain John Collins, a waiter at Limmer's Old House on London's Hanover Square, gets his name hitched to a drink with lemon, sugar, soda, and Holland gin. Step two: Some bright spark makes same with Old Tom gin and changes the name accordingly. (Strict constructionists with access to an exceptionally good liquor store may have theirs this way, making sure to cut back on the sugar. Let us know how they turn out). More recipes like this


What is the surname of Florence of the pop group Florence and the Machine?

Florence: Meaning Of Name Florence | Nameberry.com Famous People Named Florence Please add to or correct the information provided by other members of the Nameberry community. Florence Glenda Ballard, American singer of The Supremes Florence Leontine Mary Welch, English singer of Florence and the Machine Florence Caroline Dixie, English journalist and feminist Florence Delorez Griffith-Joyner, American Olympic athlete Florence Mabel Kling Harding, wife of U.S. president Warren G. Harding Florence Agnes Henderson, American actress and singer (Narcissa) Florence Foster Jenkins, American operatic soprano Florence Kelley, American social reformer and feminist Florence Virginia King, American novelist Florence Knight, English celebrity chef Florence Nightingale, English pioneering nurse Florence Reed, American actress Florence Ada Fuller, Australian painter Florence Rena Sabin, American medical scientist Florence Wald (born Florence Sophie Schorske), American pioneering hospice nurse Florence Reece, American union activist and songwriter Florence Liddell, wife of Scottish athlete Eric Liddell Florence Rose Endellion Cameron (b. 2010), daughter of British Prime Minister David Cameron Florence Elsie Outhwaite (b. 2008), daughter of actors Tamzin Outhwaite and Tom Ellis Florence Myra Zamparelli, daughter of Jennifer Maguire & Lauterio Zamparelli Sage Florence Galafassi (b. 2008), daughter of actress Toni Collette Percy Florence, son of writers Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Shelley Florence May King (b. 2016), daughter of actress Candice Accola and The Fray's guitarist Joe King Cancel


The ship Earl of Pembroke renamed in 1768 for its new role became famous by what name?

James Cook: First Voyage Act I: The First Voyage Expedition (1768–1771): One ship (Endeavour), 94 men Charge (by the Royal Society and the British Admiralty): To view the transit of Venus from Tahiti and then to look for the Southern Continent Accomplishments: Viewed the 1769 transit of Venus, discovered the Society Islands, made the first circumnavigation and charting of New Zealand, was the first European expedition to reach and chart the eastern shores of Australia [Click on the images below for high resolution versions.] From a scientific viewpoint, worldwide observations of the 1761 transit of Venus across the face of the Sun had been a failure. They had not been coordinated enough, and cloudy weather had been a problem in several viewing spots. Astronomers, hopeful in using the data to calculate the distance from Earth to the Sun and between the planets, urged the scientific community to take advantage of the next transit, which would occur on June 3, 1769; another one would not take place until 1874. Britain’s Royal Society’s committee, established to consider the organization’s participation, first met in November 1767, barely nineteen months before the event was due to take place. Among other things, it decided to send two observers to the Pacific Ocean and to ask the government to supply the necessary ship. Alexander Dalrymple (1737–1808), Scottish geographer and Society fellow—and a main proponent of the existence of a Southern Continent—was offered the role as first observer. He declined, however, when the British Admiralty refused to have a non-naval person command one of its vessels, which was Dalrymple’s condition.             Enter James Cook, who had just returned from surveying Newfoundland, had recently observed an astronomical event, and who had years of navigational and marine experience; moreover, he was a naval man who had the backing of Philip Stephens, secretary of the Admiralty, who admired Cook’s charting work and naval service, and Sir Hugh Palliser, governor of Newfoundland, a longtime Cook mentor and supporter. A merchant collier named Earl of Pembroke was purchased and refitted for the voyage, and renamed Endeavour.             Cook was promoted to lieutenant as commander of the expedition, and he received the Society’s affirmation in May 1768 to be their second Venus observer. (Charles Green, English astronomer and Society fellow, was the first.) Time was of the essence now. Captain Samuel Wallis had just returned from his circumnavigation with the discovery of an island (Tahiti) that would be a perfect site for the Venus observations. (For more on Wallis, see the Explorers section.) The Royal Society requested and received permission to send along, at his own expense, Joseph Banks (1743–1820), a renowned and wealthy English botanist and natural scientist, who, in turn, brought Daniel Solander (1733–1782), a Swedish botanist and British Museum librarian, the artist Sydney Parkinson (d. 1771), and a retinue of several personal servants and two greyhounds. Also aboard was a goat that already had circumnavigated the world with Wallis. Portrait of Captain James Cook. Engraving by James Basire from a portrait by William Hodges. Frontispiece to Cook’s A Voyage towards the South Pole . . . (London, 1777). [Rare Books Division] Book: Hawkesworth, John. An Account of the Voyages Undertaken by the Order of His Present Majesty for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere and Successively Performed by Commodore Byron, Captain Wallis, Captain Carteret, and Captain Cook, in the Dolphin, the Swallow, and the Endeavor, Drawn Up from the Journals Which Were Kept by the Several Commanders, and from the Papers of Joseph Banks, Esq. 3 vols. 1st ed. London, 1773. Volumes 2 and 3 are devoted to Cook’s first voyage. [Rare Books Division] An English writer and journalist, Hawkesworth was commissioned by the British Admiralty to edit for publication the narratives of its officers’ circumnavigations. He was given full access to the journals of the commanders a


Which is the oldest of London's present Football League and Premiership clubs?

List of Premier League Football Clubs in London Home » City Guide » London » List of Premier League Football Clubs in London List of Premier League Football Clubs in London Football is the most watched sports in the world. It provides plenty of entertainment to its watchers. Apart from international football teams and international tournaments, almost all of the greatest football playing nations has their own leagues in which the clubs from the country compete against each other and all of the clubs have prominent football players in their teams from all around the world. When we talk about the club league then who can forget English Premiere league (EPL) in which clubs from all over the UK compete against each other for premiership title. There are few famous clubs in London too and they are very strong competitors in the EPL. Names like Arsenal FC, Chelsea FC are the prominent ones and they have numbers of achievements associated with their names. There are few more famous football clubs in London. Following is the step by step list of football clubs in London, those compete in the EPL. Others are Reading Instructions 1 Arsenal Football Club, is the most followed club in the city and they have won many titles. Arsenal set a record of 49 successive wins in 2003/04 season and it is not been broken or equalised yet. They have also won premier league title. It was founded in 1886. 2 Chelsea Football Club, is based in south west area of London. They are also one of the most successful clubs in English premier league. It was founded in 1905 and they became a successful club in late 19th century. They marked incredible wins in 2000s by winning three premier league titles. 3 Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, is based in north London near white hart lane. It is also one of the very successful clubs in London and they have won eight football association cup titles. They have also won the Korean peace cup. Tottenham Hotspur FC is commonly known as “The Spurs”. 4 Fulham Football Club, is known for producing some international players for England national team including George Cohen and Rodney Marsh. The club was founded back in 1879, which marks it as one of the oldest club in the country. They have seen a great success in 2000s. 5 West Ham United Football Club, is known for training some great players and youngsters and this is why the club is also known as “The Academy”. West Ham football club is situated in east London and has a diverse history of welcoming some great international players in their team. 6 Queens Park Rangers, is also a premier league football club based in white city, London. They are the champions of the 2010-11 football league.


Horatio Nelson lost his arm in an abortive attack on which island?

When Nelson lost his arm (and returned to work half an hour later) | The Independent This Britain When Nelson lost his arm (and returned to work half an hour later) Journals revealing the accounts of surgeons who treated Horatio Nelson have shone a light on the horrors of naval warfare 200 years ago Wednesday 28 October 2009 00:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online The true horror of life on board British fighting vessels in the 18th and 19th centuries has been depicted in a fascinating collection of 1,200 naval journals not seen for 200 years. They include details of the medical treatment given to Horatio Nelson. Researchers at the National Archives in Kew have gathered personal accounts written by surgeons at sea, including the medical log from the Battle of Trafalgar. The journals also reveal some of the first scientific investigations into diseases like scurvy, the scourge of the sailor at the time. The Independent has been given exclusive sight of the records before cataloguing is completed next year. Among the most historically significant are a handful of journals showing how surgeons nursed back to health the Royal Navy's most revered and successful admiral after he lost an arm fighting in the Canary Islands. In July 1797 Nelson led a doomed assault on the Spanish island of Tenerife in which he was hit in the right arm by a musket ball shortly after stepping ashore. Bleeding heavily, he was taken back to HMS Theseus, where the injured limb was amputated. On 25 July the ship's surgeon, James Farquhar, wrote in his journal: "Compound fracture of the right arm by a musket ball passing thro a little above the elbow; an artery divided; the arm was immediately amputated." It is claimed that within 30 minutes, Nelson was again issuing orders to his men. On 1 August Farquhar noted: "Admiral Nelson; amputated arm; continued getting well very fast. Stump looked well; no bad symptoms whatever occurred... The sore reduced to the size of a shilling in perfect good health, one of the ligatures not come away." A year later Nelson was to win a famous victory against the French at the Battle of the Nile. But he was shot in the head by a French navy sniper. The surgeon's log of HMS Vanguard describes the treatment administered: "Wound on the forehead over the right eye, the cranium is bare for more than an inch, the wound three inches long. Discharged 1 September. The wound was perfectly healed on the first September but as the integuments were much enlarged, I applied (every night) a compress wet with a discutient embrocation for nearly a month which was of great service." Yet in 1805 Horatio Nelson's dying moments at the Battle of Trafalgar were omitted from the naval journal of the Victory. Experts at the National Archives in Kew believe the omission was deliberate as Sir William Beatty, the surgeon who tended Nelson's mortal wounds, wanted to save the details for his own book, Authentic Narrative of the Death of Lord Nelson, published in 1807. Many of the surgeons serving with the Royal Navy used their journals to record much more than a daily inventory of the illnesses and wounds of the ship's company. There are also illuminating watercolours of the flora and fauna and indigenous people that the surgeons encountered on the long voyages. Some of them include pictures of anthropomorphic monkeys and other creatures, recreated in fine detail. Bruno Pappalardo, principal records specialist in maritime matters at the Archives, said: “The cataloguing of these journals, funded by the Wellcome Trust, will open up these previously neglected sources to a much wider audience helping us to understand past medical history and which could inform the future." Some of the journals demonstrate how the Navy was struggling to combat the effects of scurvy. The surgeons fought hard to find new ways to alleviate the terrible effects of this disease. Some of the graphic drawings and annotations show the range of debilitating symptoms sailors suffered, including black, pustular skin. There is also a surgeon's account of one of the first combi


Who was the trainer of the 2010 Grand National winning horse Don't Push It?

Grand National winner Don't Push It retired | Horse Racing News | Racing Post Tony McCoy wins the Grand National on Don't Push It at Aintree in 2010   PICTURE: Edward Whitaker (racingpost.com/photos)   Grand National winner Don't Push It retired  By Andrew King 7:45AM 10 JAN 2012  DON'T PUSH IT, the horse who finally realised Tony McCoy's dream of winning the Grand National, has run his last race and is set to enjoy his retirement at owner JP McManus's Martinstown Stud in Ireland. The Jonjo O'Neill-trained 12-year-old famously landed the National at Aintree in 2010 to provide the trainer, McManus and champion jockey McCoy with their first victory in the world's greatest chase. Don't Push It returned to Aintree last April and finished a gallant third behind Ballabriggs. He looked to be all set for a third run in the John Smith's-sponsored showpiece this spring when running well on his seasonal comeback to finish sixth in a Listed handicap hurdle at Cheltenham in November. However, the decision to retire him was made on Monday and O'Neill explained: "Don't Push It remains in good heart and looks a picture out in his field at the bottom of the gallops where he has lived with the sheep who have kept him company for a few years now. "But he had not really been sparkling in his recent homework and the last thing we wanted to do was make him carry on doing something he was not really happy with. "After speaking with JP and his racing manager Frank Berry we all decided the best thing to do was call it a day as he owes nobody anything after what he has done. He'll now be off to JP's stud for a long retirement." Don't Push It with trainer Jonjo O'Neill at Jackdaws Castle   PICTURE: John Grossick (racingpost.com/photos)   Quoted on Twitter, McCoy said: "I am sad that Don't Push It has been retired as he give me the greatest day in my racing life but happy that he is retiring safe and sound." Don't Push It ran 29 times in a career spanning seven years. He landed eight races and produced many notable placed efforts in top races, amassing more than £750,000 in prize-money. O'Neill added: "I think we'll always remember the magical day he won the Grand National as it was one of the greatest afternoons in the life of myself, JP and AP as we had all been trying to win the race for so many years. "But the old horse will want for nothing in retirement at JP's. However it will be not be easy to replace him in the yard and he'll be missed by everyone at Jackdaws Castle and, I am sure, the jump racing world as a whole."


In a Stinger cocktail what spirit is added to crème de menthe?

The Stinger Cocktail | Cocktail Recipes The Stinger Cocktail Post 26 of 49 ‹‹ ›› July 30, 2013 Recipes The Stinger cocktail is part of the family of duo or trio cocktails, meaning mixed drinks that combine a spirit and a liqueur for duo cocktails, and the addition of a creme such as creme de menthe or Irish cream for trio cocktails. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact characteristics of these types of cocktails because there are many of them and there are many variations on the recipes as well. However, it can be said that they are generally sweet, because they contain the liqueur which adds a special flavor. Stinger Cocktail picture As for the Stinger cocktail, there is no basic recipe, but rather numerous variations; thus, a stinger is usually a mixed drink where creme de menthe is added to a spirit. The more classic recipe is a combination of brandy and creme de menthe, but there are many other spirits that you can add. Although we don’t know much about the origins of this cocktail and who invented it, we do know that it was first mentioned in writing in a bartender’s book, in 1917. The book was called Ideal Bartender and it was written by Tom Bullock. The classical recipe for the Stinger cocktail is made by pouring three parts brandy and one part creme de menthe in a shaker and shaking them well; the result is then poured in a cocktail glass and served straight. However, some prefer to serve it on the rocks, so it is rather a matter of taste. Other popular variations of this cocktail are the Green Hornet which is made by mixing brandy with green creme de menthe instead of white one; or the Vodka Stinger, where brandy is replaced by vodka. Lastly, the Kremlin Colonel, more similar to the Mint Julep than the Stinger, is made by mixing vodka with fresh mint. The Stinger cocktail used to be very popular during the 1940s and 50s; it was especially a favorite of New York, where it was considered the perfect nightcap. It was even referenced in numerous movies of the time, such as The Bishop’s Wife from 1956; there, Dudley the Angel orders a round of Stingers for the ladies from the church, with whom he was having lunch. In High Society, Gordon Richards’ character, the butler, prepares stinger cocktails for those who had abused champagne the previous evening, as a sort of remedy for hangovers. Other movies where this cocktail is mentioned are Kiss Them for Me from 1957 with Cary Grant and Jane Mansfield, The Apartment from 1960 with Jack Lemmon, or Gorky Park from 1983. Related Cocktails


Which is the largest of London's theatres, i.e. has the most seats?

Best Theatres in London | LondonTown.com ï¿½ ï¿½ London Coliseum - English National Opera (ENO) London Coliseum - English National Opera (ENO)London Coliseum is a magnificent historic building and an excellent venue in which to enjoy the soaring sounds and high drama of some truly thrilling...2017/01/20 Where: London Coliseum - English National Opera (ENO), ï¿½           St Martin's Laneï¿½           ï¿½           Covent Gardenï¿½           WC2N Category: Theatres


The TV series 'Lark Rise to Candleford' is based on whose stories?

Lark Rise To Candleford (Series) - TV Tropes Lark Rise To Candleford You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share Series / Lark Rise To Candleford × WMG Lark Rise to Candleford is a BBC television series based on a trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels by Flora Thompson: Lark Rise, Over to Candleford, and Candleford Green. The series is set in the 1890s, with the action taking place in the rural village of Lark Rise, and the neighbouring town of Candleford (both fictional), both situated in Oxfordshire. The series is told from the perspective of Laura Timmins, a young Lark Rise girl sent to live and work in the Candleford post office with her mother Emma's cousin, the postmistress Dorcas Lane. Many of the show's storylines are driven by the contrast between the rural setting of Lark Rise and the more urbane Candleford, and the clashes that these differences produce between the residents of both. Lark Rise residents include Laura's family (her parents Robert and Emma and her four younger siblings), Twister and Queenie Turrill and the Arless family. Candleford residents include postman Thomas Brown, his wife Margaret and the Pratt sisters, who own and run Candleford's dress shop. Producing over four seasons' worth of hour-long episodes, it strikes a balance between always making sure the Reset Button is pushed and creating a dynamic, Soap Opera -style storyline rather than sticking close to the text and only showing one serial, in the manner of other BBC period dramas . It was cancelled in 2011, and despite a fan outcry, resolutely remains that way. The books are written along the lines of memoirs but provided little in the way of complete stories for a television writer to adapt successfully without making a lot up to keep a modern viewer entertained, so there is surprisingly little overlap with the book, at least in the way the stories are played out. Laura's family in Candleford is conveniently ignored (or pressed into service elsewhere, in the case of JD) and Candleford and Candleford Green are separate places, with Laura's family in Candleford and Dorcas Lane and the Pratts (who live with their father) in Candleford Green. Flora Thompson regularly mentions what happens to the characters later on, with obvious references to the Boer War, the Great War, the future of Mr and Mrs Timmins and the contrasts between the 1930s (the books were written during the first half of World War II) and the 1890s. She points out what was already fading from public consciousness and the book itself was a Nostalgia Filter of sorts, mentioning the delights of a bath in the 1890s as against the spartan nature of modern bathroom conveniences and that her mother, yearning for an income of 30 shillings a week, ended up getting that as a pension in the first half of the 20th century when it did not go nearly as far as it had in the late 19th century. The book also has a lot of stories unsuitable perhaps for a modern audience: Laura's relatives have very antediluvian views about the Irish, Sir Timothy and his wife are not at loggerheads and do not wash their dirty linen in public, still less with Dorcas any way involved with the squire romantically, and there is a good bit of the books devoted to children's jobs (particularly the girls who go into service at the age of 12 on a trial year or "petty place"). Laura's age is increased from 14 to 16, probably to appeal to modern sentiments in this way and avoid questions about child labour (except in picturesque, viewer-friendly ways such as harvesting). Laura and Edmund are kept away from school originally because their parents always intend to move to "the market town" (not Candleford, and never named). The long walk to Candleford, smoothed over in the TV series to keep the flow of traffic from Candleford to Lark Rise moving, is detailed with painstaking accuracy as Laura and Edmund walk there in the summer to stay with their cousins - and take an entire day to do so. Much of the romance has had to be concocted for modern tastes too; Philip White and Daniel Parrish (


Which artist produced many paintings of Jane Avril at The Moulin Rouge?

At the Moulin Rouge | The Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago 48 7/16 x 55 1/2 in. (123 x 141 cm) Stamped lower left with monogram Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection , 1928.610 Because of childhood injuries that left his legs crippled, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec often felt left out of the aristocratic world into which he had been born and lived at times on the margins of society. He frequented the Moulin Rouge, a famous Parisian nightclub named for the red windmill on its roof. In this painting of the club, he depicted many of his friends and favorite entertainers. In the background , La Goulue, the Moulin Rouge’s reigning dance star, adjusts her red hair while the dwarfish Toulouse-Lautrec and his tall cousin, Gabriel Tapié de Céléyran, walk toward the left. The glum assembly of characters seated around the table includes writer Edouard Dujardin, entertainer La Macarona, photographer Paul Sescau, winemaker Maurice Guibert, and another redhead, perhaps entertainer Jane Avril. The woman with the green face illuminated by artificial light is May Milton, another popular dancer of the day. Toulouse-Lautrec’s Post-Impressionist style is a highly personal combination of the Impressionists’ interest in contemporary subject matter and his own expressionistic color and line. The eerie green light of the interior evokes an unhealthy atmosphere. The artist then added to the visual drama by using different lines, such as the curving silhouette of La Goulue fixing her hair, the collar of Avril’s coat, and the outline of Milton’s sleeve. These lines contrast with the strong diagonals of the banister and the floorboards, which rush forward toward the viewer, enhancing the lively mood of the decidedly worldly setting.


In which town in Southern England is the grave of Pocahontas?

Pocahontas (d. 1617) Pocahontas (d. 1617) Pocahontas was the daughter of Powhatan , paramount chief of an        alliance of Virginia Indians in Tidewater          Virginia . An iconic figure in American history, Pocahontas is largely known        for saving the life of the Jamestown colonist John          Smith and then romancing him—although both events are unlikely to be true.        She did meet Smith several times, sometimes serving as Powhatan's silent figurehead        and a symbolic liaison between the chief and the English colonists ; she was not,        however, a "princess" or a diplomat in any modern sense. Sometime around 1610, she        married an Indian named Kocoum, and in 1613 she was captured by the English and        confined at Jamestown, where she converted to Christianity and married the colonist John Rolfe . The marriage, approved by        Powhatan, brought an end to the First Anglo-Powhatan War (1609–1614) and set        the stage for Pocahontas's visit to London in 1616. At the request of the Virginia Company of London , she        met both King James I and the        bishop of London, after which she reunited briefly with Smith. Early in her return        voyage to Virginia, she became ill and died at Gravesend in March 1617. In the        centuries since, Pocahontas's life has slipped into myth, serving to represent        Virginia's early claim to be the foundation-place of America. Many elite Virginians,        meanwhile, have tenuously claimed her as a relative, even leading to a "Pocahontas        clause" in the Racial Integrity          Act of 1924 . MORE... In This Entry Pocahontas was one of dozens of children born to Powhatan, the          paramount chief of Tsenacomoco , a political alliance of Algonquian-speaking Indians in          Tidewater Virginia. Her mother's name and tribal origin were never recorded,          although no English colonist ever suggested that she was not an Indian. (The          increasingly European-looking portraits made of Pocahontas over time represent          artistic license.) In her infancy, Pocahontas was given the secret personal name Matoaka; later, she was known as Amonute. Neither name can be translated. Powhatan had many wives, and custom decreed that he keep a wife only until she had a child by him, after which          he sent her back to her people and supported her from a distance. As a result,          Pocahontas had no full siblings and many half siblings. When each child was ready          to leave home and become part of a working household—probably at eight to ten          years of age—he or she moved to Powhatan's capital, freeing the mother to remarry. Late in her childhood, Pocahontas likely joined Powhatan's large, busy household,          where everybody worked, even Powhatan himself. In addition to their daily jobs,          members of the household labored to produce grand feasts on important occasions.          Pocahontas, meanwhile, probably participated in what was traditionally women's work and firewood , making utensils, and cooking and cleaning—and as a          result had little contact with her father or other males during the day. In the evenings, she          probably had stiff competition for her father's attention; still, by 1607 she was          his favorite child. Her new name may suggest why. William Strachey , who lived at Jamestown from          1610 until 1611, translated "Pocahontas" as "little wanton." In Strachey's time, "wanton" meant not only bawdy but also cruel and undisciplined. In other words,          it's possible that Pocahontas may have teased Powhatan about his age ( then about sixty ) and his          multitude of wives, and he may have been delighted by it. John Smith Pocahontas's first


In which English county is Frankland Prison?

Pair disembowelled rapist at Durham's Frankland Prison - BBC News BBC News Pair disembowelled rapist at Durham's Frankland Prison 12 July 2012 Close share panel Image caption Michael Parr (left) and Nathan Mann were both already serving life sentences Two prisoners who disembowelled a fellow inmate at Durham's Frankland Prison have been given life sentences. Mitchell Harrison, 23, originally of Wolverhampton, was serving an indefinite term for child rape in Cumbria when he was killed in October. Michael Parr, 32, and Nathan Mann, 23, cut his neck with a scalpel made from plastic cutlery and a razor blade. Newcastle Crown Court heard they cut the dead victim's stomach and planned to eat his liver, but did not do so. Parr had earlier pleaded guilty to murder and must serve a minimum term of 32 years. He was already serving life for the attempted murder of a hospital patient. I can't envisage circumstances in which either of them will ever be released Mr Justice Openshaw Mann pleaded guilty to manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility and was sentenced to life with a minimum term of 16 years, to run consecutively to the 24-year minimum sentence he is already serving for a double murder. Harrison was jailed in January 2010 after he admitted raping a 13-year-old girl in Kendal, Cumbria. He was killed in his cell at the category A facility, which has housed some of the UK's most high profile and dangerous inmates. 'Cannibalistic urges' The court heard that Mann and Parr had expressed "fantasies" about beheading other prisoners and cutting out their stomachs. Mann was described by a psychiatrist as "a remorseless, callous psychopath" who harboured "cannibalistic urges" and was "one of the most dangerous men in the criminal justice system". Sentencing the pair for the "ghastly and gruesome" killing, judge Mr Justice Openshaw said: "I can't envisage circumstances in which either of them will ever be released. "They will face the fact that they may well end their lives in prison." Image caption Mitchell Harrison was described by police as a "model prisoner" The Prisons and Probation Ombudsman is carrying out an independent investigation into the circumstances surrounding Mitchell's death. A Prison Service spokesperson said: "We take the responsibility of keeping staff, prisoners and visitors safe extremely seriously. "That's why we have a violence management system in place to deal with incidents quickly and robustly with serious incidents referred to the police immediately." Det Ch Insp Steve Chapman, from Durham Police, said: "Mitchell Harrison was a young man who was by all accounts a model prisoner at HMP Frankland. "Although his family never condoned his past actions, he was still their much loved son and brother and they were supporting him as he served his custodial sentence. "His untimely death, and the horrific nature of it, left his family devastated." Mitchell Harrison's family said in a statement: "Our lives have been shattered by Mitchell's horrific murder. His death was cruel and unnecessary."


Who won the 1940 Presidential election in the Philip Roth novel 'The Plot Against America'?

The Plot Against America Summary - eNotes.com The Plot Against America Summary link Link In the 1940 of Philip Roth’s reimagined history, many Americans are so afraid that President Franklin D. Roosevelt is leading the country into the war in Europe that the Republican Party nominates not Wendell Wilkie but Charles A. Lindbergh, the hero who was the first to fly across the Atlantic Ocean solo. To the great consternation of American Jews, Lindbergh wins the election. Jews are concerned because Lindbergh not only has admired the German Luftwaffe but also has accepted a medal from Adolf Hitler himself, a clear sign of his pro-German sympathies. As nine-year-old Philip Roth narrates events, the Roth family—including Philip’s father and mother, Herman and Besse, and his older brother, Sandy—and their friends in the Jewish section of Newark, New Jersey, are terribly upset by this turn of events and fear the worst. They suspect that the kinds of anti-Semitism that Hitler has propounded and is rapidly carrying out in Germany and in the parts of Europe that he has conquered will, under Lindbergh’s administration, begin to happen in the United States. The first experience that they have of this intolerance comes during a trip to Washington, D.C., where they are expelled from their hotel despite their confirmed reservations. This outrage is followed by a scene in a cafeteria where the family experiences anti-Semitic slurs. Worse events are still to follow. Not all Jews believe as Herman Roth believes. A rabbi, Lionel Bengelsdorf, supports the new administration and soon becomes head of the Office of American Absorption. This new office is established to promote Lindbergh’s plan to disperse Jews from enclaves, such as the one in which the Roths live in Newark, to other parts of the country, thereby promoting their... (The entire section is 718 words.) Get Free Access link Link In a sense, every novel is alternative history, an attempt to imagine how things might have been. A specific genre of popular fiction proceeds from the premise that a familiar public event occurred differently—for example, the South won the Civil War, Napoleon never met his Waterloo, the Spanish Armada conquered England—and extrapolates from there to depict the likely consequences of one dramatic change. In more than twenty books of fiction published since his first collection of short stories, Goodbye, Columbus, in 1959, Philip Roth has been more interested in examining the inner lives of fictional figures than in speculating about large historical contingencies. In The Counterlife(1986), Roth offers contradictory histories not of the Normandy Invasion but of his recurring character Nathan Zuckerman. When, in The Ghost Writer (1979), Zuckerman encounters an Anne Frank who managed to survive the Holocaust, Roth is more intent on examining Zuckerman's personality than in pondering how different the world would have been if the Nazi genocide had been less thorough. Operation Shylock (1993) imagines alternative personal identities, two antagonistic characters each named Philip Roth. However, though the plot of The Plot Against America is refracted through the eyes of a boy named Philip Roth, this novel has its sights on broad historical developments. It asks the reader to accept the premise that Charles A. Lindbergh, the aviator who became a national hero by flying solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927, defeats Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1940 presidential election. Lindbergh is an isolationist and a Nazi sympathizer, and once he moves into the White House, the United States pursues cordial relations with Germany and does not enter World War II. American Jews, including Roth and his family, find themselves in an increasingly precarious position. A postscript to the novel reprints a speech that Lindbergh actually gave on September 11, 1941. Addressing a rally of the America First Committee in Des Moines, Iowa, Lindbergh—who had visited Adolf Hitler and expressed admiration for him—noted that Jews wielded inordinate influence over the media and the government of


Which is the only country outside the USA where alligators are found in the wild?

Alligator Habitat | Where Do Alligators Live? Where Do Alligators Live? How American alligators are most commonly found in the southeastern United States, such as Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Texas. Florida and Louisiana have the largest populations of alligators in America, with each inhabited by around 1.5 million alligators. The only other species of alligator, the Alligator sinensis, is found in China and is a much smaller version of the American alligator. The United States is the only country in the world where alligators and crocodiles live side by side. What Is Their Habitat in the Wild Like? Because they have a low tolerance for salt, the majority of alligators inhabit freshwater. They can only handle being exposed to salt water for a small length of time, but will sometimes live in brackish water. These reptiles favor calmer waters and primarily occupy swamps and marshes. They can also be found in rivers, lakes, and other small bodies of water. Alligators require a sufficient amount of prey, mud, and vegetation when choosing a place to live and generally prefer to live in warmer climates. They are most active in warmer weather, as their metabolisms begin to slow down at about 70 °F. Alligators can, however, survive through freezing temperatures if they are in the water. To do this, they must keep their nostrils above the frozen surface so that they can still breathe while their bodies are trapped in the ice. The Alligator mississippiensis generally shies away from human civilization, but there have been accounts of alligators crossing roads, entering suburbs, and relaxing in swimming pools during the drier months. Where Do They Live? Alligators spend the majority of their time lurking in the water in search of prey or sunbathing on land. They are known to create burrows, which are commonly referred to as “gator holes,” by digging with their snouts and tails. These dens are holes or tunnels up to 20 feet deep made in mud banks or soil, and they provide shelter and a place for hibernation in colder weather. Gator holes prove to be extremely valuable to the ecosystem because they contain water, even in drier seasons. When it becomes too dry, the alligator will abandon its den and create another one at a new location. Other animals will take advantage of the alligator’s abandoned dens and will use them as a new home.


Held during the Boer War, what nickname was given to the UK General Election of 1900?

Lessons of a Khaki election San Francisco Chronicle -- October 31, 2004 Kerry needn't settle for honorable defeat What Britain's "khaki election" of 1900 can teach the presidential contenders today by Ian Garrick Mason Conventional wisdom holds that it is very difficult for opposition parties to defeat governing parties during wartime national elections because it is easy for the incumbent to tar a challenger -- who must, by definition, criticize the government -- with the brush of insufficient patriotism. Such elections are often called "khaki" elections, after the British election of October 1900, which was held smack in the middle of the Boer War in South Africa. The nickname sprang from the khaki uniforms that had replaced the British Army's traditional red coats four years before. In the general election of 1900, the ruling Conservatives declared that "Every vote given to the Liberals is a vote given to the Boers," and then galloped to a landslide victory. On Tuesday, with Republicans repeatedly making claims almost as bold about John Kerry, does the lesson of the khaki war suggest defeat for the Democrats? Not necessarily. A closer look at the election of 1900 shows that the Liberals were working under two severe handicaps. First, though the British army in South Africa had suffered some shocking defeats during "Black Week" in December 1899, spring had brought victory after rousing victory. The Boers' capital, Pretoria, fell to British troops in June, and the Boers' president, Paul Kruger, fled to Europe. Although the war would last another year and a half as an insurgency, at election time the conflict in South Africa seemed almost over. Many troops were already on their way home, and the public mood was celebratory. How could the Liberals argue against victory? Second, and even more seriously, the Liberal Party was deeply divided. Already split by the retirement of William Gladstone and the controversy over Irish Home Rule, the coming of the war broke the party again, this time into moderates, pro-war "Liberal Imperialists," and anti-war "radicals" (who were habitually referred to as "pro-Boers," whether they supported Boer independence or not). Naturally, Lord Salisbury's Conservatives capitalized on this situation. Seeking to label the opposition as pro-Boer and anti-British, the Conservatives placed the patriotism theme front and center. A political cartoon issued by party headquarters depicted Liberals supporting Boers in the firing-line. Posters shamelessly exploited support-the-troops sentiment: "Our Brave Soldiers In South Africa Expect That Every Voter This Day Will Do His Duty ... Remember! To Vote For A Liberal Is A Vote To The Boer." With everything loaded against his party, Liberal leader Henry Campbell- Bannerman would focus on two themes: the government's incompetence at preparing for and managing the war -- for which it had already earned a poor reputation -- and the motives of one of the prime movers behind the war, "Pushful Joe" Chamberlain, secretary of state for the colonies. Already disliked by Liberal voters, Chamberlain was further accused of war profiteering by radical Member of Parliament (and later prime minister) David Lloyd George, based on his family's control of the largest supplier of small- arms ammunition to the British Army. But because Chamberlain could truthfully reply that he had sold all his personal shares in the company, the charges did little damage. When all the polls were in, the Conservatives had their landslide, taking 402 seats to the Liberals' 183. But the first-past-the-post parliamentary system obscures just how close a race it really was. In the popular vote, the Conservatives took 50 percent to the Liberals' 45 percent. So while it is true that incumbent administrations have real advantages in "khaki" elections -- and the Republicans in 2004 are certainly pushing these advantages as far as they can -- the fitness of the opposition party may well be the deciding factor in the final votes. Campbell-Bannerman's discipline and presence of mind helped the Liberals to o


'Sup up your beer and collect your fags' is the opening line to which 1979 Top 5 hit single?

The Jam - Setting Sons (album review ) | Sputnikmusic The Jam June 6th, 2006 | 6 replies Release Date: 1979 | Tracklist Following up 1978ï¿½s hugely successful ï¿½All Mod Consï¿½, The Jam were one of the hottest groups around, surviving through the 1977ï¿½s initial ï¿½year zeroï¿½ punk blitz, really only along with The Clash and The Damned. However, The Jam were easily the more accessible and truth be told were generally considered a great pop singles band. This is further emphasised by ï¿½Setting Sonsï¿½; It contains The Eton Riflesï¿½ and ï¿½Smithers-Jonesï¿½, both great singles. However, ï¿½Setting Sonsï¿½ is a great album in album context and quality, and there are no skip-able tracks present at all. The record is mainly a testament to Paul Wellerï¿½s growing songwriting confidence, as inspired by his current reading, he aimed for the ï¿½dreadedï¿½ concept album. Wellerï¿½s concept was of three schoolhood friends growing up together, but parting ways as their political views force them apart ï¿½ one goes hard right-wing, one goes hard left-wing and one remains neutral. Eventually their escalating political viewpoints result in a civil war, causing the death of one of the boys, leaving the other two discussing the future that is left. It is interesting to note that before this The Jam had concentrated on taking on Ray Davies of The Kinksï¿½ mantle of social comment and had left the political fingerings of their punk peers alone. The main problem with Wellerï¿½s idea lay in his perennial writerï¿½s block, and he hadnï¿½t written enough songs covering the concept to spread across both sides of vinyl. To combat this several other songs were recorded, including an orchestral version of Bruce Foxtonï¿½s classic ï¿½Smithers-Jonesï¿½, along with a cover of the motown hit ï¿½Heat Wavesï¿½ by Martha Reeves. These were interspersed with the ï¿½conceptï¿½ tracks in the final album though, and the ï¿½conceptï¿½ tracks themselves were mixed around in order, leaving the album slightly disjointed. The ï¿½conceptï¿½ tracks initially written for ï¿½Setting Sonsï¿½ were (in track order)ï¿½Thick As Thievesï¿½, describing the three boys schooldays when they were best of friends; ï¿½Little Boy Soldiersï¿½, an awesomely ambitious song describing the escalating friction between the boys, causing the start of the war and the subsequent death of one of them (presumably the ï¿½neutralï¿½ boy, as his viewpoints are not discussed on any of the tracks). The ï¿½Iï¿½m up on the hills paying little boy soldiers" line is fantastically evocative as a metaphor of boys playing at war; ï¿½Wastelandï¿½, where the two surviving boys sit in the ï¿½smouldering embers" and talk about what happened to cause the war; ï¿½Burning Skyï¿½, written from the viewpoint of one boy, discussing his hard-line right-wing views; and lastly the brilliant single ï¿½The Eton Riflesï¿½, where the hard-line left-wing boy talks about fights between the working class and upper-class boys. Foxtonï¿½s bass is of major note in this song, with it duplicating the chorusï¿½ vocal line of ï¿½Et-on rif-les, et-on rif-les" through the verse. Foxton and drummer Rick Buckler are their usually solid selves throughout the set, Foxtonï¿½s bass filling in the gap left by the lack of an extra guitar. However, where the ï¿½conceptï¿½ tracks form the backbone of the album, the places in between are filled with five excellent tracks which feel so great within the album and are so well paced that you donï¿½t notice that they were originally only there as filler! Opener ï¿½Girl On The Phoneï¿½ is a well chosen opening track, with the music preceded by a ringing phone, which continues through the first verse with all the music keeping in time with the ringing. This is an extremely effective trick to use, as it creates the ringing rhythm throughout the song, despite the sound effect disappearing after about 30 seconds or so into the track. ï¿½Private Hellï¿½ is a catchy bass-driven song with a great chorus (despite only featuring two words ï¿½ the title). The song uses a similar phasing technique on the


The flower Campanula rotundifolia is commonly known as the bluebell in Scotland; how is it known in England?

Campanula rotundifolia - Plant Finder Plant Finder Native Range: Temperate North America Zone: 3 to 6 Height: 1.00 to 1.50 feet Spread: 0.50 to 1.00 feet Bloom Time: June to September Bloom Description: Blue Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium Garden locations Culture Easily grown in average, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Plants prefer cool summer climates. They are intolerant of the extreme heat of the deep South, and do not perform well south of USDA Zone 6. They appreciate part afternoon shade in hot summer climates including Missouri. Plants typically need regular and even moisture. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage additional bloom. Plants are often short-lived, but will easily remain in the garden in optimum growing conditions by self-seeding. Seed may be planted in the garden in late spring for bloom the following year. Plants will spread in the garden by creeping roots. Plants may be propagated by cuttings, but division of mature plants can be difficult. Noteworthy Characteristics Campanula rotundifolia, commonly called bluebell or harebell, is a rosette-forming, upright perennial that typically grows to 20" tall. It is noted for producing attractive, bell-shaped, nodding blue flowers (each to 1/2" long) that bloom singly or in small clusters from the stem tips throughout summer (June-September). This bluebell is native to a variety of different environments including meadows, grasslands, rocky slopes, crevices, alpine areas and sandy shores in the northern parts of North America, Europe and Asia. From a basal rosette of small, rounded, long-stalked, basal leaves (to 1" wide) rise wiry, thread-like stems clad with narrow, alternate, linear leaves (each to 1-3" long). Basal leaves usually wither early and disappear before the flowers form. This plant is also native to a small area in the Ozarks in Shannon County where it is found on north-facing limestone bluffs along the Jack's Fork River. Genus name comes from the Latin campana meaning bell in reference to the bell-shaped flowers. Specific epithet is in reference to the rounded basal leaves. This bluebell has a large number of common names. Harebell may relate to the fact that this plant is sometimes found in areas inhabited by rabbits (hares). This same plant grows in Scotland where it is popularly known as the bluebells of Scotland or Scotch bluebell. Problems No serious insect or disease problems. Slugs and snails are occasional visitors. Watch for aphids. Garden Uses Moist shaded areas of rock gardens. Also effective in lightly shaded woodland areas where plants can be left alone to naturalize. Mass or large groups are best.


Which astronaut, on whose book the movie was based, was played by Tom Hanks in the 1995 film `Apollo 13'?

Apollo 13 (1995): Ron Howard Best Film to Date, Starring Tom Hanks | Emanuel Levy Apollo 13 (1995): Ron Howard Best Film to Date, Starring Tom Hanks April 25, 2006 by EmanuelLevy Leave a Comment Tom Hanks gets to be practically weightless as astronaut Jim Lovell, in Apollo 13, Ron Howards 1995 film about the ill-fated NASA mission, based on the book by Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger, Last Moon. Al Reinert, whose space documentary For All Mankind received an Oscar nomination, partnered on the script with his former editor at Texas monthly, William Broyles. The 1970 trip to the moon, which was interrupted by an explosion in the command module, severely endangered the lives of three astronauts. With time running out, the crew and thousands of others braved near-impossible odds in a daring attempt to guide the capsule earthward. For three days, TV viewers watched in rapt silence, not knowing until the last moment, whether the men of Apollo 13 would come home alive. At first, it seemed the perfect mission. After three days in space, three Apollo astronauts, Jim Lovell (Hanks), Fred Haise (Bill Paxton), and Jack Swigert (Kevin Bacon), were finally approaching a long-cherished destination, going to the Moon. Back in Houston, Astronaut Ken Mattingly (Gary Sinise) considered himself unlucky; two days before the launch, he’d been grounded for medical reasons. When Jim Lovell intoned a simple, heart-stopping message across the void of space: “Houston, we’ve got a problem,” the whole world gasped. Something had gone horribly wrong. Power and guidance systems were down, and the supply of oxygen was rapidly dwindling. Lovell, Haise and Swigert faced the grim reality that their capsule, stranded 205,000 miles in space, might never return to earth. To enjoy Apollo 13, you have to embrace details, lots of them, some routine, some fascinating, about the space program and its personnel. The film is structured as a classic adventure, with the astronauts as explorers, who heroically are forced to withstand bizarre physical humiliations. For better or worse, Howard takes a decidedly straight approach, telling the story in linear way, and assuming that a mission that almost ended in disaster is dramatic enough; he doesnt pump up the events or the characters. The film follows the astronauts as they prepare for the launch, and then describes the accidents, concluding with the bumpy and terrifying ride home. Contained and predictable as it is, Apollo 13 nevertheless works up excitement. One of the ironies is that not many American were interested in the mission–until things went awry. Neil Armstrong had walked on the moon the previous summer, July 1969, and the American public seemed to be indifferent toward the new attempt. As played by Hanks, the space-flight vet Jim Lovell comes across as a straight, confident guy with a touch of poetic fancy and whimsy underneath, who can afford to be relaxed. Bill Paxton, as Fred Haise, and Kevin Bacon, as Jack Swigert, are not as interesting or charismatic as Hanks, and thats a problem. However, the technicians and administrations, led by a taut and hostile Ed Harris, show effectively the importance of the esprit de corps; the honor of the whole collective related to the mission is at stake. According to Howards interpretation, the astronauts and the ground personnel were not swaggering romantic adventurers, but organized military men with a characteristic code of behavior and tightly controlled demeanor. They obeyed orders, did what they were told, and were very loyal to one another. Unlike most American movie adventures, Apollo 13 celebrates not individual but communal (the whole teams) heroism. In this, and other respects, the movie is straight and square white Americana, but nonetheless still stirring and satisfying. Whenever the film sidetracks from the main narrative, it falters, as with most of its domestic scenes, which are banal. This is particularly the case of the scene in which Lovells prescient wife (Kathleen Quinlan) suffers through premonitory dreams and drops her wedding ring down the shower


The flower Dianthus barbatus is commonly known as Stinking Billy in Scotland; by what more pleasant-sounding name is it known in England?

Rampant Scotland Directory - Colour Supplement Index Rampant Scotland Directory! Newsletter Colour Supplements The Rampant Scotland Newsletter is published every second Saturday and provides an insight into what has been happening in Scotland, snipped from the Scottish media, for Scots in Scotland and abroad, bringing you news, events and photographs plus a Scottish magazine section. Every week there is also a colour supplement containing large illustrations of flowers, birds, animals, butterflies and scenery which have been seen around Scotland in the preceding week. It thus forms a record of the changing seasons throughout the year. The editions currently available on-line are: 2009 28 February 2009 Leucojum, also known as Summer Snowflake or Loddon Lily with their extra green and yellow markings distinguish them from snowdrops; a tram car in the Transport Museum in Glasgow (known locally as "Shooglies" from the way they swayed along the tracks); a horse-drawn Glasgow to London stagecoach; a "Coronation Tram" from the 1930s, which had the luxury of an enclosed cab for the driver who also had a seat for the first time; the first production Hillman Imp motor car, producedin the 1960s at a manufacturing plant in Linwood near Paisley, west of Glasgow; a mass of snowdrops photographed in the grounds of Braco Castle in Perthshire. 21 February 2009 A Canada Goose, with its distinctive white "chinstrap" looking quite at home standing in the recent snow fall; Waterbirds flying in all directions, panicked at the approach of an out of control dog; a rather disconsolate pigeon trudging through the snow, unable to find anything to eat; Polyanthus, part of the primula family, in a vibrant yellow and orange; A statue to James Clerk Maxell, who established the original theories of electromagnetism (Einstein put on record that Maxwell's work had resulted in the most profound change in the conception of reality in physics, since the time of Isaac Newton; Eranthis, more often known by its common name of winter flowering aconite, with its deeply dissected leaves forming an attractive ruff round the bright yellow cup-shaped flowers 14 February 2009 Edinburgh Castle and Princes Street Gardens in the snow; Balmoral Hotel in Edinburgh, beside Waverley Station, one of the most attractive buildings in the Capital; the crinkly strap-shaped petals of Hamamelis (also known as Witch Hazel) with the clusters appearing on leafless branches creating a vivid show; a snow scene in the woods beside Kilmardinny Loch, East Dunbartonshire, earlier this week; the 19th century, Tudor Gothic styled mansion house formerly known as Schaw Hospital, blanketed in snow; a St Valentine's Day display in a baker's window in central Glasgow. 7 February 2009 The "most bizarre building in Scotland" - a summer house built in 1761 in the shape of a realistic, prickly pineapple; the parish church, Airth, with the River Forth and the Ochill Hills beyond; the market cross at Airth, erected in 1697; with sun dials on two sides; the fine Town House or "Tolbooth" in Culross, Fife, dating from 1626; the Palace" in Culross built for Sir George Bruce, a wealthy merchant and industrialist, in the 17th century; 13th century Culross Abbey and east choir taken over in 1633 as a parish church; amusing models of a stylised owl and robin, with a fierce-looking blackbird behind. 31 January 2009 Special Royal Mail set of stamps to mark the 250th anniversary of the birth of Robert Burns on 25 January; the City Chambers in Glasgow being used as the backdrop for a 15-minute "slide-show" illustrating the life of Burns; the City Chambers covered in musical notation as part of the presentation; "Auld Lang Syne" across the building at the end of the slide show; a substantial clump of snowdrops in bloom at the side of a country road, just north of Glasgow. 24 January 2009 Blackness Castle, surrounded on three sides by water and often referred to as "the ship which never sailed"; a large party of Oystercatcher birds, looking incongruous with their large orange-red bills; Torwood Castle, thought to


Although approaching his 30th birthday, in which 1953 film did Marlon Brando play the part of the teenage leader of a motorcycle gang?

Hollywood Underground - Dearly Departed     12/30/04 - Artie Shaw - (AP) THOUSAND   OAKS, Calif. - Artie Shaw, clarinetist and bandleader whose recording of "Begin   the Beguine" epitomized the Big Band era, died Thursday at the age of   94, the manager of his orchestra said. Shaw had been ill for some time, orchestra manager Will Curtis said, but   he did not know the specific cause of death. At his peak in the 1930s and '40s, Shaw pulled in a five-figure salary per   week and ranked with Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey and Glenn Miller as the bandleaders   who made music swing. But he left the music world largely behind in the mid-'50s   and spent much of the second half of his life devoted to writing and other   pursuits. His band's recording of Cole Porter's "Begin the Beguine" was intended   to be the "B" side of the record. Instead, it became a huge hit,   topping the charts for six weeks in 1938 and making Shaw famous at age 28. Among his other hits, some with his big band and some with his quartet, the   Gramercy Five: "Frenesi," "Dancing in the Dark," "Nightmare," "Back Bay Shuffle," "Accent-tchu-ate the Positive," "Traffic   Jam," "They Say," "Moonglow," "Stardust," "Thanks for Ev'rything," "Summit Ridge Drive" and "My   Little Nest of Heavenly Blue." He composed some of his songs, such as "Interlude in B Flat," a   1935 work that featured an unusual combination of clarinet and strings. He worked with such jazz legends as Buddy Rich, Mel Torme, Gordon Jenkins   and, at a time when most white bandleaders refused to hire blacks, Billie   Holiday. Another famous roster: his wives. They included actresses Lana Turner (wife   No. 3, 1940), Ava Gardner (No. 5, 1945), and Evelyn Keyes (No. 8, 1957) and   novelist Kathleen Winsor, author of the 1944 best-seller "Forever Amber" (No. 6, 1946). The marriage to Keyes, best know for playing the middle of the three O'Hara   sisters in "Gone With the Wind," lasted the longest, until 1985,   but they led separate lives for much of that time. "I like her very much and she likes me, but we've found it about impossible   to live together," he said in a 1973 interview. After his first burst of stardom, his good looks made Hollywood come calling.   It was while filming "Dancing Coed," 1939, that he met Turner. In   1940, he appeared in another musical, "Second Chorus," and got two   Academy Award nominations for his musical contributions - for best score and   best song ("Love of My Life.") A volatile and superbly intelligent man, Shaw hated the loss of privacy that   stardom brought, had little use for signing autographs and once caused an   uproar by calling jitterbugging fans "morons." He later said he   was just referring to the rowdy ones. "I could never understand why people wanted to dance to my music," he once said. "I made it good enough to listen to." He chafed at having to play "Begin the Beguine" ad nauseam, wishing   audiences would be more willing to accept new material. ("I mean, it's   a good tune if you are going to be associated with one tune, but I didn't   want that.") He retired from performing several times - finally putting down his clarinet   for good in the mid-'50s. After that, he lived in Spain for a time, operated   a farm, and turned to literature full-time. He was a voracious reader since   childhood, and had already produced a well-received autobiography, "The   Trouble with Cinderella," in 1952. "I did all you can do with a clarinet," he said. "Any more   would have been less." He put out two collections of short fiction, "I Love You, I Hate You,   Drop Dead!" and "The Best of Intentions." He spent years working   on a voluminous autobiographical novel tracing the rise of a young jazz musician,   whom he called Albie Snow. "I've lived for a long time and I've learned a few things that I'm passing   on," he said. Shaw was born Arthur Arshawsky on May 23, 1910, in New York City; his immigrant   parents struggled to earn a living in the


Which board game was invented by part-time clown, Anthony E Pratt?

Read This Post. Do Not Pass Go. Do Not Collect $200. - Neatorama Neatorama • 1 I love me a good game night. Monopoly gets pretty cut-throat when we're at my in-laws – cheating bankers, people hiding money, my brother-in-law yelling at people about the free market. It's a blast, actually. But I love the word games too – Scattergories is probably my favorite, but Catch Phrase is a good time. Especially if there's alcohol involved. I've been itching for a good game night lately, so to satiate my urge until I can convince some friends to come over and be mercilessly beaten at Clue, here are a few facts about some of your favorite (at least, my favorite) games. Monopoly It's thought that Monopoly originated in the early 1900s by Elizabeth Magie, except then it was called "The Landlord's Game" (that's her original patent in the picture). A professor at the Wharton School of Finance at the University of Pennsylvania even started using Magie's version as a learning tool in his classes. Evidence shows it was also used at the University of Toledo, Smith College, Princeton, MIT and Columbia. She took different versions of The Landlord's Game to Parker Brother on several different occasions but was turned down by George Parker every time. Eventually, a later version of the game was played by Esther Darrow, the wife of Charles Darrow. It was Charles who changed the layout and some rules of the game and began calling it Monopoly. Darrow tried to sell Monopoly to Milton Bradley but was rejected in 1934. Bad move, Milton Bradley. But Parker Brothers again passed on the game too, saying it was too complicated, too technical and too long. However, the company heard about how well the game was selling locally and reconsidered their rejection just a year later. They bought all of Darrow's remaining inventory and helped him patent the board. They also bought Elizabeth Magie's patent to The Landlord Game to make sure that they had undisputed rights. Uh, pretty smart, considering that Monopoly has sold more than 250 million copies worldwide since then. • For some reason, I always thought the Monopoly guy was Uncle Moneybags. Nope. But "proper" names for him include Rich Uncle Pennybags, Milburn Pennybags and Mr. Monopoly (his most recent name). Some sources say he's loosely based on J.P. Morgan. • Marvin Gardens is actually a misspelling of Marven Gardens, a housing area in Margate City, N.J. In fact, all of the properties on the "classic" Monopoly board are named after places or streets near or in Atlantic City, N.J. • In the London version of the game, Trafalgar Square is a red property, Piccadilly is yellow, Regent, Oxford and Bond Streets are green and the blue properties are Mayfair and Park Lane. The railroads are replaced by Underground stops (King's Cross, Marylebone, Fenchurch Street Station and Liverpool Street Station). • Neiman Marcus once sold an all-chocolate edition. The whole set, including dice, money, hotels and board, was edible. • F.A.O. Schwarz in NYC sold a $100,000 version, which included 18-carat game pieces, a rosewood board, real money, street names written in gold leaf and various gems scattered across the board. • The most expensive board even made is a set worth $2 million It's made of 23-carat gold and has rubies and sapphires embedded in the top of each house and hotel. • Various versions of Monopoly include Batman, ESPN, Family Guy, American Idol, Nintendo, Sephora, and, honestly, just about any other version you can possibly think of. Clue What we in North America know as Clue, the rest of the world knows as Cluedo. Would you believe that it was invented by a part-time clown? Totally true. Anthony E. Pratt invented the game in England and it was published for the first time in 1949 by a British company. Bought by Parker Brothers, the U.S. version came out the same year. • The dead dude is known as Mr. Boddy in North America, but he's Dr. Black everywhere else. Also, Mr. Green is apparently alias Reverend Green in some parts of the world. • Also, some of the Clue characters have litt


In which Welsh castle was the future King Henry VII born?

Pembroke Castle Pembroke Castle Photographs copyright � by Irma Hale Above: the Outer Gate & Barbican at Pembroke Castle King 1978; King & Cheshire 1982 he unsurpassed strength of this mighty Norman Castle , sited on a high ridge between two tidal inlets, gave it the distinction of never haven fallen to the Welsh. The strategic position, on a major routeway, was chosen early in the first Norman incursions into south-west Wales, when the castle was founded by Roger of Montgomery in 1093, and it stood firm against Welsh counter-attacks in subsequent years. Below: Northeast view showing Great Gatehouse (L), Northgate Tower, St. Ann's Bastion, Hall Block (R) Pembroke's strategic importance soon increased, as it was from here that the Normans embarked upon their Irish campaigns. In 1189 the castle came into the hands of William Marshal , who, over the next 30 years transformed the earth-and-timber castle into a mighty stone fortification. First to be built was the inner ward with its magnificent round keep (shown right), deservedly famous for its early date, height of over 22m and remarkable domed roof. The original entrance was on the first floor, approached by an external stair, the present ground-floor entrance being a later insertion. The keep had four floors, connected by a spiral stair which also led to the battlements. The large square holes on the top of the outside were to hold a timber hoard, or fighting platform. When the castle was attacked, the hoard could be erected as an extra defence, outside the battlements but way above the heads of the attackers. Below: the Great Gatehouse viewed from the Outer Ward Enclosing the keep was the inner ward curtain wall, to the south-west stood the large horseshoe-shaped gate, which only survives at footings level, and to the east was a strong round tower with a basement prison. Only a thin wall was required along the cliff edge; it had a small observation turret at the point and the square stone platform on the north supported a huge medieval catapult for defence against attack from the sea. The domestic buildings on the west and east of the inner ward included William Marshal's hall and private apartments. These were improved and further buildings added in the later 13th century, when the new Great Hall was built with a towering mass of walling projecting over its south-east corner to enclose the mouth of a large cavern in the rock below, which may have served as a boathouse. At the same period, a large single-storey building was added near the keep to serve as the county court. By this time, the castle had passed to the de Valence family; the Hastings family then held it from 1324 to 1389, after which the castle passed into the hands of the crown. Below: the Westgate Tower & Wall Walk (left) and the Wall Walk between Northgate Tower & St. Ann's Bastion, with Hall Block in the distance (right). Much of the building work in the outer ward may also belong to the early 13th-century work of William Marshal, and the main plan of the present defences remains as originally constructed. However, the apparently almost perfect preservation of this work is largely an illusion, as there was at the castle a systematic programme of restoration in the 19th and early 20th century. Below: William Marshal's Great Tower (left) viewed from the wall walk. The fine series of round towers, the north-east bastion and the remarkable gatehouse on the south made the defences of the outer ward well-nigh impregnable. There were postern gates on either side, defended by the St Ann Bastion and Monkton Tower respectively, but the main gatehouse, with its two portcullises, stout doors, three machicolations, or murder holes, in the vaulting and its series of arrowslits, is one of the finest and earliest of its kind. The western Bygate Tower has a prison in its basement, then each gate tower has a ground and two upper floors reached by stairs spiralling in opposite directions. Doors lead from the upper rooms on to the wall walk. The gatehouse is in essence a double-towered gate, with one of the towers moved al


At which point on the Cumbrian coast does Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk start?

Coast To Coast Walk You are here: Home / Lake District Walks / Coast To Coast Walk Coast To Coast Walk Coast To Coast Walk Coast To Coast Walk By now your probably wondering what all the fuss is about with this so called Coast to Coast walk? Let me try my best to now explain what all the hullabaloo is about and it starts with one of the Lake Districts most recognisable charismatic characters as the Coast to Coast walk was the brain child of Alfred Wainwright, the well known writer and hill walker. It is often referred to as Wainwright’s Coast to Coast Walk or even Wainwright’s Way. Wainwright him self recommends you dip their booted feet in the Irish Sea at St Bees, and at the end, dip their naked feet in the North Sea at Robin Hood’s Bay. Coast To Coast Walk The Coast to Coast Walk crosses three of our contrasting National Parks and undoubtedly some of England’s finest scenery including; The Lake District National Park The Yorkshire Dales National Park The North York Moors National Park The walk starts besides the Irish Sea at St Bees on the Cumbrian coast and while Wainwright’s Coast to Coast walk is not one of Britain’s official National Trails it is one of the most popular long distance paths in the country. Whilst crossing northerner England from St Bees the walk concludes in Yorkshire’s eastern coast at Robin Hood’s Bay. While the walk is not as demanding as the Pennine Way, the Coast to Coast walk should be treated with respect as it does have some challenging sections especially in the west. The Coast to Coast Walk is 190 miles in total (according to a recent re-measure the real distance is almost 220 miles) and if it was your intention to complete the walk in one go, its estimated it would take something like 12 to 14 days to finish depending on fitness levels and stop overs. There are some high and tricky ascents to negotiate along the trail, although alternative routes are available to avoid the worst of these if you don’t fancy the challenge. The route is mostly un-sign posted so good map reading is essential. According to our Alfred Wainwright the coast to coast walk is split into 12 official sections, although some allow a little longer on the more arduous sections. As with most long distant paths the route is split into manageable sections that are easier to navigate and become mini walks. When planning your walk these smaller section maybe between lodgings or even a small walk and a day out. Due to the popularity of the area and the Coast to Coast walk it is advisable to book in advance if you are planning on staying in the hotels , pubs, Bed and Breakfasts or campsites along the route. Coast To Coast Walk St   Bees – Ennerdale Bridge 14 miles. Ennerdale   Bridge – Rosthwaite 14 miles. Rosthwaite   – Patterdale 17 miles. Shap   – Kirby Stephen 21 miles. Kirby   Stephen – Keld 13 miles. Keld   – Reeth 11 miles. Richmond   – Ingleby Cross 23 miles. Ingleby   Cross – Clay Bank Top 12 miles. Clay   Bank Top – Glaisdale 18 miles. Glaisdale   – Robin Hood’s Bay. The below Google map shows two points of reference, one being the starting point and one being the finishing point of the Coast to Coast Walk. View Coast To Coast Walk in a larger map However you decide to complete this walk, in one go or in sections for a weekend break, or simply a day out, remember your good walking boots, equipment and enjoy the Coast To Coast Walk. Lake District & Lakeland Walks Lake District Walks Tag Cloud


In which country was the board game Trivial Pursuit devised?

Chris Haney, an Inventor of Trivial Pursuit, Dies at 59 - The New York Times The New York Times Business Day |Chris Haney, an Inventor of Trivial Pursuit, Dies at 59 Search Question: How did Chris Haney, an inventor of the board game Trivial Pursuit , think of himself? Answer: As a rock star. “It’s like we became rock stars,” he told Maclean’s magazine in 1993, repeating a comment he had made in several interviews. “People still shake in their boots when they meet us.” And why not? Mr. Haney, a rumpled Canadian high school dropout, joined with a fellow journeyman journalist, Scott Abbott, to create a phenomenon — a board game that tests a player’s grasp of wickedly inconsequential trivia. In the 1980s, Trivial Pursuit was outselling Monopoly. By the time Mr. Haney died in Toronto on Monday at 59, more than 100 million copies of the game had been sold in as many as 26 countries and in at least 17 languages, with estimated sales of well over $1 billion. And Mr. Haney, who had battled through financial hardship in pursuit of his dream, wound up owning golf courses, vineyards and racehorses. Hasbro, which bought the intellectual rights to Trivial Pursuit for $80 million in 2008, confirmed Mr. Haney’s death. The company did not give a cause, except to say that he had suffered from a long illness. Advertisement The original Trivial Pursuit, introduced in 1981, involved answering 6,000 trivia questions on 1,000 cards, coded by categories like history and entertainment. (They have been updated and modified many times since, and many variations of the game have been introduced.) Original questions could be tough: “Who was Howdy Doody’s twin brother?” (Double Doody.) Or easy: “What chemical is used to keep swimming pools clean?” (Chlorine.) Mr. Haney especially liked quirky questions: “What’s the largest diamond in the world?” (A baseball diamond.) The game was a hit with baby boomers in particular and has always tended to play on their nostalgia. Indeed, Time magazine reported that the cast of “The Big Chill,” the 1983 movie about a reunion of friends from the 1960s, loved to play Trivial Pursuit on the set. Photo Chris Haney, left, with Scott Abbott. The two men created Trivial Pursuit. Credit The Canadian Press, via Associated Press Christopher Haney was born in Welland, Ontario. (The exact date is uncertain, but references agree on his age, 59.) He dropped out of high school at 17 and later said that he regretted it — that he should have dropped out at 12. His father worked for a news agency, The Canadian Press, and got him a job there as a copy boy. He later took over its photo desks in Ottawa and Montreal, then moved to The Montreal Gazette as a picture editor. On the evening of Dec. 15, 1979, Mr. Haney and Mr. Abbott, who was then a sportswriter for The Canadian Press, were playing Scrabble. Mr. Haney wondered aloud whether the two of them could invent a game as good. Contrary to legend, they were neither in a tavern nor on their 18th round of beers. They were actually at Mr. Haney’s home in Montreal and on their first beers when Mr. Haney suggested a game based on trivia, they told The Hamilton Spectator in 1993. By the time Mr. Haney was opening the refrigerator to fetch their second beers, they were already mentally designing the board. Their next step was to go to a Montreal toy fair and present themselves as a reporter-photographer team. They peppered game experts with questions and came away with what Mr. Haney called “$10,000 worth of information.” Advertisement Continue reading the main story They then brought in Mr. Haney’s brother John, who in turn brought in a friend, a fellow hockey enthusiast. But they needed more investors and turned to friends in their newsrooms. One problem, according to The Globe and Mail of Canada, was that people had heard they were “con artists.” As an example, the newspaper pointed to a chain letter the men had started that proved profitable for the originators but not to those down the line. They nonetheless succeeded in raising $40,000 from 32 investors. Mr. Haney’s mother was not amo


Who will appear on the new £50 bank note along with his business partner James Watt?

£50 reward for industrial revolution pioneers on new bank note | Business | The Guardian Bank of England £50 reward for industrial revolution pioneers on new bank note Bank's new note evokes memories of age of steam with engineering greats James Watt and Matthew Boulton seen The new-style £50 note will celebrate the renowned 18th century partnership of entrepreneur Matthew Boulton and engineer James Watt. Photograph: Bank Of England/PA Bank of England £50 reward for industrial revolution pioneers on new bank note Bank's new note evokes memories of age of steam with engineering greats James Watt and Matthew Boulton seen Friday 30 September 2011 14.22 EDT First published on Friday 30 September 2011 14.22 EDT Close This article is 5 years old Sir Mervyn King, the governor of the Bank of England , has often voiced his yearning for a "rebalancing" of the economy towards neglected manufacturing, and he will put the nation's money where his mouth is next month when the Bank produces a new £50 note celebrating two pioneers of the industrial revolution. The Bank will evoke the memory of the inventor James Watt and his Birmingham business partner, Matthew Boulton on the new note. Threadneedle Street announced that the note, replacing one featuring the first governor of the Bank of England, Sir John Houblon, will go into circulation on 2 November. It will be the first to feature two people (in addition to the Queen) and the first to be signed by Chris Salmon, the Bank's new chief cashier. Ed Miliband, whose speech to the Labour party conference last week lauded "good" businesses and castigated "asset strippers", would probably approve. Boulton, born in 1728, was an entrepreneur who started work in his father's Birmingham factory making buckles for shoes and knee-breeches, but he later built his own showpiece factory on Handsworth Heath. He later went into partnership with James Watt, who took the Newcomen steam engine, then the latest design, and made a series of crucial improvements, improving its efficiency and making it more commercial. By 1800, Watt's version was outselling its predecessor, and they were shipping it across the world. Boulton and Watt worked together to pioneer the use of the steam engine in the cotton spinning industry; and Boulton also used Watt's engine to power minting machines, pressing coins at his Soho Mint in Birmingham, to boost the supply provided by the Royal Mint. The Bank governor chooses who will be featured on bank notes, and appears to be sending a strong message about where Britain's strengths once lay. Commercialising inventions, as Boulton and Watt managed to do, has long been seen as an achilles heel of the modern economy, with few boffins possessing the financial nous to build up a successful firm. Successive governments have tried to tilt the playing field to encourage spin-out firms from universities, and boost in-house research by corporations. Colin Brown, director of engineering at the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, said, "We can learn a lot from the hugely successful combination of Boulton, an entrepreneurial businessman, with Watt, a brilliant engineer. "Today's challenges are every bit as great as those faced 200 years ago, and recognising our past engineering greats is an excellent way of inspiring the next generation to follow in Boulton and Watt's footsteps." The Bank invites the public to submit suggestions for historical figures who could feature on banknotes . Some, including William Shakespeare and Sir Christopher Wren, have been taken up. But Sir Mervyn has so far rejected other suggestions, from Geoffrey Chaucer, the author of the Canterbury Tales, to more contemporary figures including Sir Jimmy Savile, Mick Jagger and Terry Wogan. Just two women have so far been selected: Elizabeth Fry, the social reformer, and the pioneering nurse Florence Nightingale [see footnote]. For many workers, though, the worthy example of these fathers of the industrial revolution will be out of reach – because many people rarely get to see a £50 note, let alone hold on to it for long enough


At which place in the Peak District does the Pennine Way start?

Pennine Way long distance footpath along the Pennines. Pennine Way long distance footpath along the Pennines. The Pennine Way starts in Edale and ends in Kirk Yetholm, so it links Derbyshire with Scotland. The Peak District section takes in Kinder Scout, Bleaklow and Black Hill before descending to Marsden. This is possibly the toughest section of the whole walk.     Kinder Downfall The idea of a footpath from Derbyshire to the Scottish Border area was first mooted by the late Tom Stephenson, Secretary of the Ramblers Association, in 1935. It took 30 years for this idea to come to fruition, and the route was officially opened in April 1965 after years of negotiation with the landowners along the route. Since then many thousands of people have walked the route, which goes from Edale to Kirk Yetholm. On the way it passes or crosses many of the landmarks of central northern England - Kinder, Bleaklow, Malham Cove, High Force, Cross Fell, Hadrian's Wall, and others. At about 270 miles (430 km) it's a long walk, which takes most people who attempt it between two and three weeks, though it has been run in just a few days! The Peak District section of the walk takes in all the major gritstone peaks of the area. Bleaklow Head The Pennine Way starts at The Nags Head in Edale. The current route reaches Kinder Downfall by skirting the southern edge of Kinder to ascend Jacob's Ladder at the head of the Edale Valley, then up to Kinder Low and along the western edge of the Kinder plateau to reach the Downfall. This is maybe less interesting than the original route which headed up Grindsbrook and over the top of Kinder Scout, crossing to Crowden Brook and upstream to Crowden Head, the highest point of the Kinder plateau, before dropping down into Kinder River, which was followed to the Downfall, but the passage of lots of walkers across the top of the plateau caused a lot of erosion. After Kinder Downfall the route heads north-west along the edge of the plateau before descending to Ashop Head and climbing up to Mill Hill to follow the long ridge which connects Kinder to Bleaklow. Approaching Laddow Rocks The path crosses the Snake road and the old track known as Doctor's Gate and then follows a feature known as Devil's Dike to reach Hern Clough, the upper section of the Alport river. This is followed upstream to the Wain Stones and Bleaklow Head, the high point of this hill. From here the path swings west for short distance to drop into the stream system of Torside Clough, which is descended to Crowden in the Longendale valley. Soldiers Lump From Crowden the path follows the west bank of Great Crowden Brook upstream to Black Hill, detouring at Oaken Clough to climb over the top of Laddow Rocks. At the head of the clough, it heads straight up Dun Hill to reach the summit of Black Hill, an extremely boggy area known as Soldier's Lump. Here the path divides, with the modern advised route heading almost north to drop down to Wessenden Head and follow the chain of Wessenden Reservoirs down to Marsden. However, the original route continued north-west along the watershed to cross White Moss, Black Moss and take an almost direct line to Standedge, where the path leaves the Peak. Again, this route has been abandoned because of the erosion it caused on the soft peat of these hills. Wessenden Head The passage of thousands of walkers along this route have taken their toll, and so much erosion has been caused that the route has been diverted and long sections have had to be paved. This includes some of the most desolate moorland sections, such as the Dun Hill area of Black Hill, and Hern Clough on Bleaklow, which is unfortunate because it detracts from the remoteness of these areas and arguably makes routefinding too easy! However, the alternative is even greater erosion, which has already reached alarming levels in places like Soldier's Lump, Bleaklow Head and some areas of Kinder Scout. Maps required are the Ordnance Survey 1:50000 sheets 110 and 119. The Dark Peak 1:25000 Outdoor Leisure series map covers most of the Peak District part of the