Thom Yorke is the lead singer for which band?

Thom Yorke | Biography, News, Photos and Videos | Contactmusic.com Biography Thom Yorke (born 7.10.1968) Thom Yorke is the lead singer of Radiohead, an alternative rock band from Oxford, England. He has also released his own solo music. Thom Yorke: Childhood Thom Yorke was born in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire. He was born with his left eye shut and underwent numerous operations as a child, which eventually left him with a drooping eyelid. The Yorke family moved often, due to his father's work. At the many schools that he attended, Yorke was often teased because of his eye condition. Eventually, the family settled in Oxfordshire. At the age of seven, Yorke was given his first guitar. He was a fan of Brian May, the guitarist of Queen. By 11, Yorke had formed his first band and started writing songs. It was at Abingdon school that Thom Yorke met Phil Selway, Ed O'Brien, Colin Greenwood and Jonny Greenwood, with whom he would form Radiohead. Originally, the band was called On A Friday. In 1988, the band took a break when Yorke attended university in Exeter, where he would DJ and briefly joined a band called The Headless Chickens. Thom Yorke: Music Career In 1991, On A Friday's music activity was resumed and the band moved to Oxford. They were shortly signed to Parlophone and changed their name to Radiohead. When their single 'Creep' was released, it became a worldwide hit, followed up by their debut album Pablo Honey. Following the release of their second album, The Bends, R.E.M. selected Radiohead to open for them on their European tour. Thom Yorke became particularly good friends with Michael Stipe. Following the release of OK Computer, their third album, Thom Yorke and Jonny Greenwood collaborated on the soundtrack to Velvet Goldmine (which starred Ewan McGregor, Christian Bale and Eddie Izzard), under the pseudonym Venus In Furs. Suede's Bernard Butler was also in the band, who performed covers of Roxy Music songs. Radiohead's music has become increasingly experimental, with the release of their next three albums, Kid A, Amnesiac and Hail to the Thief. Their seventh album, In Rainbows hit headlines for the unique way in which it was released. The album was made available as a digital download, with an online pay button which allowed the purchaser to pay as much or as little as they like for the album. Thom Yorke's debut solo album, The Eraser, was released in 2006. Radiohead's producer Nigel Godrich was on board as producer for the album, and the cover's artwork was done by Stanley Donwood. The album was released by XL Recordings and was shortlisted for that year's Mercury Music Prize, as well as receiving a Grammy nomination for Best Alternative Music Album. Although Thom Yorke rarely performs solo, he did open the main stage on the Sunday at 2009's Latitude Festival. The performance received a mixed response. Thom Yorke has often collaborated with other musicians. In 2000, he appeared a number of times on PJ Harvey's Stories From the City, Stories From The Sea. The album won that year's Mercury Music Prize. Yorke has twice recorded with Bjork - once on 'I've Seen It All' and again on 'Nattura'. In 1998, Thom Yorke collaborated with DJ Shadow on 'Rabbit in Your Headlights' and in 2007, he sang on 'The White Flash' by Modeselektor. Thom Yorke: Personal Life Thom Yorke is in a long-standing relationship with Rachel Owen, whom he met whilst at Exeter University (Owen studied fine art and printmaking). Yorke and Owen have two children together, Noah (b. 2001) and Agnes (b. 2004). Thom's brother, Andy, was in the band the Unbelievable Truth, who had brief success in the 1990s. Biography by Contactmusic.com


"Who wrote ""A History of Richard III"" and ""Utopia""?"

Sources Sunday: Thomas More’s History of King Richard III | King Richard Armitage Sources Sunday: Thomas More’s History of King Richard III Published March 25, 2013 | By servetus *** See series introduction, here . *** Today, I’d like to introduce briefly one of the earlier secondary sources about Richard III, a text written by Thomas More called The History of King Richard III. No matter how you feel about Richard, it’s a cracking read, and the late historian Richard Marius called it “ the finest thing he ever wrote .” Even Ricardian biographer Paul Murray Kendall called the work an expression of More’s “stunning vitality.” Here are some things to keep in mind when reading this work. *** This got really long, so I’ll limit myself to these introductory remarks this week and start talking about specific citations next time. *** The source itself More worked on this text between 1513 and 1518 in Latin and English simultaneously, and never finished it. His English narrative stops at the beginning of Buckingham’s rebellion; his Latin narrative, somewhat earlier, at Richard’s coronation. Modern textual scholars believe that More composed the Latin and English versions of the text separately, transferring bits and pieces between them, so that neither text by itself is considered fully authoritative. No original of More’s text in his own handwriting (any so-called holograph) survives either in Latin or in English. The text was not published in More’s lifetime, possibly because he became too busy to finish it; or because he realized that the matters treated in the text involved too many people who were still alive, so that the appearance of the work would create political problems for him. No English manuscript sources survive; several Latin manuscript sources survive, but these are reworkings of the original holograph based on copies that themselves have disappeared in the meantime. The most well-known of the surviving Latin manuscripts — all of which differ — are held at Paris in the Bibliothèque nationale (MS fr. 4996 [Ancien fonds]), and at London in the College of Arms (MS Arundel 43) and the British Library (MS Harley 902). Here’s an excellent technical summary of the transmission of the texts with diagrams . Now considered to provide most authoritative Latin version, the Paris manuscript was rediscovered, entirely by accident, only in the twentieth century, by More scholar Daniel Kinney. The “critical edition” of the texts — the definitive version scholars consider closest to the original, which should be used by all researchers — is The Complete Works of St. Thomas More, 15 vols. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963-97). Most modern versions of the text produced for general readers or students are emended on the basis of the 1557 London edition: William Rastell, ed., The workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght […]. This was not the first English printing of the text, but it has long been considered the most authoritative as it seems to have been typeset from a no-longer-extant holograph. (Rastell was More’s nephew.) *** [Right: Titlepage of the 1566 Louvain edition of Thomas More’s works; picture taken from the copy owned by Ben Jonson, the English playwright Ben Jonson. Source .] [Left: detail of above, with inscription: “Sum Ben: Jonsonij Liber.”; literally, “I am Ben Johnson’s book.” Further inscriptions on the title page reveal that Johnson gave the book to William Dakins , one of the men who translated the King James Bible, whom Jonson probably met at Westminster School. Dakins, in turn, gave it with an inscription to John Blumfeilde .] *** On More More was an extraordinarily talented, intelligent, and complex individual. His most prominent intellectual friendship was with Erasmus of Rotterdam, who wrote a hilarious persiflage on the folly of life in general and the abuses of the Catholic Church in particular known as Encomium Moriae , or “In Praise of Folly,” which punned on More’s name (the Greek word for “folly” sounded similar to More’s name). Although he became an influential politician and lawyer, and remained a l


How would a redingote usually be treated?

Le Smoking und das Paletot - Les Incroyables - The Cutter and Tailor The Cutter and Tailor Le Smoking und das Paletot Started by Sator , Sep 06 2011 04:21 PM Please log in to reply 15 replies to this topic Location:Sydney, Australia Posted 06 September 2011 - 04:21 PM The internet is a rather international sort of place. This can lead to all sorts of confusion with language - not only is there British and American English, but a term borrowed from another language can take on a new and entirely different meaning. A good example of this is the term "smoking". This is what a smoking jacket looks like: It is a dressier version of a dressing gown and is worn at home. Smoking is obviously an English word. Yet in most Continental languages it has taken on an entirely different meaning as le smoking, il smoking, das Smoking, смокинг etc where it refers to a dinner jacket. Confusingly, in American it is known as a Tuxedo. However, this is not the only word which has taken on new meanings as it gets exported from country to country. A similar change in meaning has occurred with the term "paletot". It is now largely obsolete in English, and is pronounced "pell-ay-tot". However, this word of French origins (the original French pronunciation is "parl-toe") meant a specific type of overcoat around the Edwardian era up till around 1918 or so. Here is an English fashion plate (by J.P. Thornton) showing a paletot: Note that it has a panelled back (side bodies with curved panels), in this case without a centre back seam. The panelling made it a bit more fitted. American texts use the term paletot in exactly the same sense as British texts (see Salisbury plate XVI, 1866). This is in contrast to the use of the term in other languages. I believe that the term is now obsolete in its country of origin, France. In Italian the term paletot is defined by a dictionary as (note that the French pronunciation is retained): • Cappotto, soprabito [pronuncia: paltó] nome maschile francese invariabile That is: any sort of overcoat may be called a paletot. Here is an example of its use in Italian from a poster by Polish illustrator Franz Mele entitled Paletots per Uomo, 1902 made for an Italian department store: Here is another example, this time an article about a coat made by Mario Caraceni: I am not quite sure why this is called a "Paletot Ulster" since it lacks typical Ulster lapels. That is, in English you would probably call it a Chesterfield and in German, a Paletot! So it looks like the Italians use the term "Ulster" differently to how it is used both in English and German. In Russian, палетот (paletot) appears to mean something quite different. A Google search of the term showed up all sorts of different types of ladies' jackets - all overcoats and all very short. Here is one example: However, the term пальто (palto: which comes from the original French pronunciation) seems to be in more widespread use in Russian to denote any overcoat - even Ulster and Raglan overcoats: A Google search turns up various styles of overcoats. The term is used in German, however, to indicate a Chesterfield type of overcoat. Most of the patterns in German for "ein Paletot" would be described in English as a type of Chesterfield pattern - either single or double breasted. The following illustrations come from a Rundschau cutting text (Zuschnitt XII): In English, these coats would be called a single and a double-breasted Chesterfield overcoat respectively. It is quite amusing to find English language blogs by German authors talking about paletots as though it were an English word for a double breasted Chesterfield that would be understood today: http://www.gentleman...asted-overcoat/ The Origins of the Paletot During the eighteenth century, the French developed the word paletot as an umbrella term for various overcoats. By the end of the nineteenth century, the term evolved to include only overcoats worn in town. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the British considered a Paletot to be any topcoat with wait suppression, while Americans defined it as an ankle l


Eureka Stockade | australia.gov.au Australia.gov.au Helping you find government information and services Search form Mateship, diggers and wartime Eureka Stockade The Eureka Flag based on the constellation of the Southern Cross. Image courtesy of the Art Gallery of Ballarat. The Eureka rebellion, which is often referred to as the 'Eureka Stockade', is a key event in the development of Australian democracy and Australian identity, with some people arguing that Australian democracy was born at Eureka' (Clive Evatt). In addition, the principles of mateship, seen to be adapted by the gold diggers, and the term digger' was later adopted by the Anzac soldiers in World War I. The rebellion came about because the goldfield workers (known as 'diggers') opposed the government miners' licences. The licences were a simple way for the government to tax the diggers. Licence fees had to be paid regardless of whether a digger's claim resulted in any gold. Less successful diggers found it difficult to pay their licence fees. Population of the goldfields The population of the Victorian goldfields peaked in 1858 at 150,000. More than half of these were British immigrants, and 40,000 were Chinese. There were also Americans, French, Italian, German, Polish and Hungarian exiles as well as many other nationalities. (The Oxford Companion to Australian History) Between 1851 and 1860, an estimated 300,000 people came to Australian colonies from England and Wales, with another 100,000 from Scotland and 84,000 from Ireland. Gold seekers from Germany, Italy and North America also made the journey to Australia in search of gold. Just over 5,000 people from New Zealand and other South Pacific nations, and at least 42,000 people from China, also arrived in Australia during the 1850s gold rushes. During this period, the colony of Victoria received 60% of all immigrants to Australia. eGold: A Nation's Heritage: Immigration and Ethnicity . 1854 – the year of the rebellion In 1854 there were about 25,000 diggers of many nationalities on the Ballarat goldfields. Aboriginal people were also present in many capacities: as Native Police, guides, wives and gold diggers, as well as trading cultural items and food. Women on the gold fields were assisted by Caroline Chisholm. Law and order on the goldfields was enforced by the Gold Commission's police force which was later reinforced by a garrison of soldiers. The Social Order Notice. Image courtesy of the Art Gallery of Ballarat. Governor Hotham came to power in June 1854 and set up licence checks twice a week to enforce the licensing laws. Tensions began to boil over as opposition to the licences increased. Official corruption was another concern for the diggers. This issue came to a head after a group of men beat to death a drunken Scottish digger. The group included local publican James Bentley. Bentley was a friend of the local magistrate and he escaped prosecution, as did three other men from the group. This led to the diggers meeting on 17 October to try to bring the men to justice. After the meeting a crowd of diggers burnt Bentley's hotel to the ground. Soon after three diggers were arrested and charged with arson for their part in setting fire to the hotel. On 11 November, 10,000 diggers met to demand the release of the three diggers, the abolition of the licence and the vote for all males. The outcome of this meeting was the forming of the Ballarat Reform League under the chairmanship of Chartist John Basson Humffray . Several other Reform League leaders, including Thomas Kennedy and Henry Holyoake, had been involved with the Chartist movement in England. Many of the miners had past involvement in the Chartist movement and the social upheavals in England, Ireland and Europe during the 1840s. This was followed by an even larger meeting on 29 November where the diggers decided to publicly burn their mining licences. At this meeting the famous Southern Cross flag, which was to become known as the Eureka Flag, was displayed. In response to the meeting, the Gold Commissioner ordered a licence hunt for the fo


"""Bad men live that they may eat and drink, whereas good men eat and drink that they may live"", attributed to Socrates 5th century BCE, is an example of what figure of speech?"

AP ENG 3 at Booker T. Washington High School - StudyBlue StudyBlue AMPLIFICATION (Add effect to the sentence) In rhetoric, amplification refers to the act and means of extending thoughts or statements: to increase rhetorical effect, to add importance, to make the most of a thought or circumstance. Example "Pride--boundless pride--is the bane of civilization" "This orchard, this lovely, shady orchard, is the main reason I bought this property ANADIPLOSIS (Repetition of the last word to clause effect) Repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause, . Examples "Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering" This treatment plant has a record of uncommon reliability, a reliability envied by every other water treatment facility on the coast. Advertisement ) ANAPHORA (Repetition of the first word) In writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as Anaphora. Common Anaphora Examples It is common for us to use anaphora in our everyday speech to lay emphasis on the idea we want to convey or for self affirmation. Read the following anaphora examples: “Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better” “My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my inspiration.” “Buying nappies for the baby, feeding the baby, playing with the baby: This is what your life is when you have a baby. “I want my money right now, right here, all right? ANASTROPHE (Noun and the adjective is exchanged) Anastrophe is a form of literary device wherein the order of the noun and the adjective in the sentence is exchanged. In standard parlance and writing the adjective comes before the noun but when one is employing an anastrophe the noun is followed by the adjective. This reversed order creates a dramatic impact and lends weight to the description offered by the adjective. Example:  He spoke of times past and future, and dreamt of things to be ANTANACLASIS (Phrase being repeated) Antanaclasis is a rhetorical device in which a phrase or word is repeatedly used. However, the meaning of a word changes in each case. It is the repetition of a similar word in a sentence with different meanings, or a word is repeated in two or more than two different senses. May of Shakespeare’s literary pieces contain examples of antanaclasis. Like in these lines, “put out the light, then put out the light…” (Othello). The first meaning is that Othello would extinguish the candle and in the second reference its meaning is that he would end Desdemona’s life. Example The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. ANTIMETABOLE (Eat to live, not live to eat) Antimetabole is derived from a Greek word which means “turning about”. It is a literary term or device that involves repeating a phrase in reverse order. “You like it; it likes you” and “Fair is foul and foul is fair” etc. Chiasmus and antimetabole are usually expected to be overlapped in usage and it is also often used as a synonym for Epanados in modern day books. However, the writer would make them distinct through his use Famous Antimetabole Examples Just see these examples of how it has been used since the time of Socrates to the present modern age. “Eat to live, not live to eat.”- Socrates “I go where I please, and I please where I go.” – Attributed to Duke Nukem “In America, you can always find a party. In Soviet Russia, Party always finds you!” – Yakov Smirnoff “If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.” “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” John F. Kennedy,Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961. ANTIPHRASIS (Opposite word) Antiphrasis originated from a Greek word antiphrasis, which means opposite word. Antiphrasis is a figurative speech in which a phrase or word is employed in a way that is opposite to its literal meaning in order to create an ironic or comic effect. In simple words, it is the use of phrases or words in their opposite sense


What disease caused US president Franklin D Roosevelt to use a wheelchair?

Did FDR Really Have Polio? | Mental Floss UK Did FDR Really Have Polio? Jill Harness google+ Despite trying his best to hide his handicap during his lifetime, it's now common knowledge that Franklin Delano Roosevelt was in a wheelchair because he was paralyzed by the polio virus. But a new study suggests that the president may have actually been paralyzed by Guillain-Barre Syndrome . If true, it would make his polio diagnosis one of the most famous misdiagnoses in history. The problems started in 1921, when the 39-year-old former Vice Presidential nominee went on a family retreat in Canada. Over the next two weeks, he started to become paralyzed and soon lost control of his bowels after the paralysis spread into his torso. After his party lost to the Republicans, Roosevelt retreated into private life to deal with his condition. By the time he was elected president in 1933, he was rarely seen in his wheelchair, though he did sometimes use a cane. Roosevelt's doctor had extensive experience working with polio patients and believed that FDR had been exposed to the virus during a visit to a Boy Scout camp a few weeks earlier. But there are a number of issues with the polio diagnosis. For one, polio primarily affects children. The disease generally only affects one side of the body, not both—and it usually doesn't affect the intestinal tract. Finally, throughout his life, the future president continued to feel pain in his legs, but polio patients lose all sense in the affected areas. Guillain-Barre Syndrome was a rather obscure condition at the time, so even if that is what FDR suffered from, it's entirely possible that his doctors had never even heard of the disease. While it was too late to obtain a spinal fluid sample for official testing, a 2012 study published in the Journal of Medical Biography concluded that the president almost certainly suffered from Guillain-Barre Syndrome, not polio, based on his symptoms. Even if his doctors did properly identify what FDR was suffering from, there still wasn't much they could have done to treat it—so at least the probable misdiagnosis didn't dramatically change Roosevelt's quality of life. Additionally, knowledge of the president's condition helped bring polio into the public consciousness, and his founding of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1937 eventually led to Jonas Salk receiving the grants he needed to develop a vaccine to prevent the disease. In this way, this possible misdiagnosis ended up saving thousands of lives. Read more about:


How can the land to the west of the Gulf of California be described?

Map of Baja Peninsula - Mexico Maps, Baja Peninsula Facts Landforms - World Atlas The Baja Peninsula (Baja California Peninsula) extends from Tijuana, near the U.S. border, to Cabo San Lucas - approximately 747 miles, (1202 km). It's divided into two Mexican states; Baja California Norte (north), and Baja California Sur (south). It's bordered by the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California, which is alternately known as the"Sea of Cortes," named for Herman Cortes, a 16th century Spanish explorer. Archaeologists have concluded that the peninsula was separated from mainland Mexico by the San Andreas Fault, and over eons of time, the eastern edges were uplifted by tectonic plate movements and the lower areas then filled with seawater, thus forming the Gulf of California. The peninsula is mountainous, especially in the north and far south, and those mountains ring an inhospitable, rocky (and hot) desert landscape. Most tourists travel to the tropical south, visiting the city of La Paz and the resort communities of Cabo San Lucas and San Jose del Cabo. A daily, reliable ferry service runs from La Paz to many cities on mainland Mexico's Gulf of California coastline. The Baja Peninsula landscape....


What is the term for intimate conversation in bed?

Pillow talk - definition of pillow talk by The Free Dictionary Pillow talk - definition of pillow talk by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pillow+talk Related to pillow talk: Doris Day pillow talk Intimate conversation between lovers, typically taking place in bed. pillow talk private conversation or confidences exchanged in bed between spouses or lovers. [1935–40] pillow talk - intimate conversation between lovers (typically occurring in bed) tete-a-tete - a private conversation between two people Translations Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: References in periodicals archive ? Limited edition two-pack skinny fit ties, PS16, Marks and Spencer Pillow talk. I want to splash out with bath invention; BIZ BUREAU; EXPERT HELP for your business The guys face fun challenges, each with the aim of revealing more about themselves and influencing the girls' decisions and in a round called Pillow Talk a slinky revolving bed appears where the guys take a girl to bed to see if they can win her over with their charm.


In 1968, who was the first African American woman to be elected to the US Congress? In 1968, who was the first African American woman to be elected to the US Congress? 0 votes posted Feb 29, 2016 by Pardeep Kohli Share this question   Your comment on this question: Email me at this address if a comment is added after mine:Email me if a comment is added after mine Privacy: Your email address will only be used for sending these notifications. Anti-spam verification: To avoid this verification in future, please log in or register . 1 Answer 0 votes Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm (November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician, educator, and author. In 1968, she became the first African American woman elected to the United States Congress, and represented New York's 12th Congressional District for seven terms from 1969 to 1983. answer Feb 29, 2016 by A.k Your comment on this answer: Email me at this address if a comment is added after mine:Email me if a comment is added after mine Privacy: Your email address will only be used for sending these notifications. Anti-spam verification: To avoid this verification in future, please log in or register . Your answer Thanks for contributing at QueryHome GK Please be sure to answer the question, share your working and research. If you are not sure about answer, use commenting option instead. Use ctrl+k to highlight, ctrl+b to make the text as bold. Preview Email me at this address if my answer is selected or commented on:Email me if my answer is selected or commented on Privacy: Your email address will only be used for sending these notifications. Anti-spam verification:


What system was the spacecraft Rosetta launched on?

Rosetta Spacecraft: To Catch a Comet Rosetta Spacecraft: To Catch a Comet By Tim Sharp, Reference Editor | November 17, 2014 11:20am ET MORE An artist's impression of the Rosetta orbiter deploying the Philae lander to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in 2014. Credit: ESA–C. Carreau/ATG medialab Rosetta is a spacecraft on a 10-year mission to catch a comet and land a probe on it. Launched in 2004, the spacecraft arrived at its target, Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, on Aug. 6, 2014. The lander, named Philae, made contact on Nov. 12, 2014. Scientists at the European Space Agency said Philae unexpectedly bounced twice before landing on the comet when the probe's anchor-like harpoon system failed to fire. Philae ended up in shadow near a cliff face on the head of the 2.5-mile-wide (4 kilometers) comet, which scientists say is shaped like giant rubber duck. The probe fell silent on Nov. 14, possibly forever, as its solar batteries ran out of power. For complete coverage on the mission, read more here:  Rosetta Mission's Historic Comet Landing: Full Coverage . Rosetta  is the first spacecraft to accompany a comet as it enters the inner solar system. After meeting up with the comet, it began a two-year study of the comet's nucleus and environment, observing how a frozen comet changes as it approaches the heat of the sun.  [ Photos: Europe's Rosetta Comet Mission in Pictures ] Rosetta is named for the Rosetta Stone, a block of black basalt that was inscribed with a royal decree in three languages — Egyptian hieroglyphics, Egyptian Demotic and Greek. The spacecraft's robotic lander, Philae, is named after a similarly inscribed obelisk found on an island in the Nile River. Both the stone and the obelisk were key to deciphering ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. Scientists hope the mission will provide a key to many questions about the origins of the solar system and, perhaps, life on Earth. Rosetta is an aluminum box with two solar panels that extend out like wings. The box, which weighs about 6,600 lbs. (3,000 kilograms), measures about 9 by 6.8 by 6.5 feet (2.8 by 2.1 by 2 meters). The solar panels have a total span of about 105 feet (32 m). Rosetta is the first spacecraft to rely solely on solar cells to generate power. Rosetta's payload includes 11 instruments that will provide information about how the comet develops its coma and tails, and how its chemicals interact with one another and with radiation and the solar wind. Other instruments will analyze the comet's composition and atmosphere. Philae lander Philae, the 220-lb. (100 kg) lander, about the size of a washing machine, touched down at 1600 GMT (11 a.m. EST, Nov. 11). Philae carries 10 instruments, including a drill to take samples of subsurface material. The planned landing site, called Agilkia after an island in the Nile River in Egypt, is located on the "head" of the comet, the smaller of the two lobes that make up Comet 67P/C-G. Mission controllers at the European Space Agency also chose a secondary landing site for Philae. Site J is a sunny area, but it is also rocky, potentially making it a dangerous place to land. Side missions Rosetta was set to launch in 2003 to rendezvous with Comet 46P/Wirtanen. However, due to rocket failure, the mission was postponed, and the target was changed to Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. [ Best Close Encounters of the Comet Kind ] Rosetta launched on March 2, 2004, aboard an Ariane 5 rocket. It made four slingshot flybys to boost its speed — one around Mars and three around Earth. On its journey, it passed and photographed asteroids , studied other comets and provided information about the atmospheres of Venus and Mars. Scientists at the European Space Agency put Rosetta into hibernation mode in June 2011 for its 373-million-mile (600 million kilometers) journey. After awakening in January 2014, the spacecraft still had four more months to travel until it reaches its target just inside Jupiter's orbit. An artist's illustration of the European Space Agency's comet-chasing Rosetta spacecraft. Rosetta will explore Comet 67-P/Churyumov-Ge


Hypersaline Environments Hide An aerial view shows the pink water of Great Salt Lake brushing up against the Eco-sculpture "Spiral Jetty" on a salt-crust shore. Image credit: Bonnie Baxter. Great Salt Lake, second in salinity only to the warmer Dead Sea, was once considered equally devoid of life. The North arm of Great Salt Lake is saturated with dissolved salts (>30%), yet life has found a way in all such lakes. We now know that hypersaline bodies of water that exceed the modest 3.5 % salt of earth's oceans are populated with rich communities of "halophiles," or salt-lovers. These microbes are in all three of the Domains of life, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya ( Baxter et al., 2005 , Felix and Rushforth, 1979), however, eukaryotes are in small numbers. The halophilic microbes are colored with carotenoid compounds in their cell membrane, painting the waters with a pink-orange hue. Some species also have a purple membrane, regions where bacteriorhodopsin (BR) or other rhodopsin-like chromo-proteins reside ( DasSarma and Arora, 2001 ). Overcoming the Challenge of a High-Salt Environment Hide Adapted from Gilmour, 1990. Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) creates a proton gradient and allows Na+ to be pumped out of the cell. The pump is created by pushing one proton across the membrane for every photon absorbed. This proton gradient leads to the formation of ATP. The Na+ gradient then allows K+ to be taken into the cell and balance osmotic pressure. Halorhodopsin (HR) uses light in order to pump Cl- into the cells and balance the K+ ions within. In general, nonhalophilic organisms tolerate NaCl levels up to 0.2 mol/L. Halophiles, however, thrive at NaCl levels of 3.5 mol/L. To prevent the loss of cellular water to the environment, halophiles accumulate solutes within the cytoplasm (Galinski, 1993). Halophilic archaea, by use of a Na+ pump, push Na+ ions out of the cell, while concentrating K+ ions within the cell in order to balance osmotic pressure. This balance consists of an internal concentration of K+ at around 5M and an outside concentration of Na+ at around 4M. Halotolerant Bacteria and algae balance osmotic pressure by producing, or taking from the environment, organic molecules such as glycerol to act as compatible solutes (Litchfield, 1998). Overcoming the Challenge of Intense UV Radiation Hide Great Salt Lake water inoculated on media plates yields colonies boasting colorful carotenoids. These compounds contribute to photoprotection, allowing the cells to live in intense UV. Image credit: Bonnie Baxter. Microbes that inhabit hypersaline lakes experience intense ultraviolet (UV). In order to survive in this type of environment, halophiles have efficient DNA repair, but they also have mechanisms to prevent damage. For example, halophilic Archaea have a low number of UV "targets," thymines, in their genomes. The colorful carotenoids may also be a strategy for photoprotection as mutant colorless halophiles are UV sensitive (e.g., Dundas and Larsen, 1963). These are a class of very important antioxidants that may provide protection from UV damage. Exposure to UV light is necessary for the activation of Bacteriorhodopsin, a purple chromoprotein located within the cell membrane, which acts as a proton pump and drives ATP synthesis. Halobacterium species produce gas vesicles which enable them to float to the surface of the water column where light and oxygen are readily available ( DasSarma and Arora, 2001 ) Overcoming the Challenge of Desication Hide These crystals were found among pieces of debris from the hypersaline Mono Lake. Their appearance reflects the very high concentrations of salts that occur in the lake. Image taken by David Patterson and provided courtesy of microscope . The saline concentration of North Arm GSL is near the saturation level for sodium chloride (Litchfield, 1998). Evaporation at the surface of GSL results with the molecules of salt being closer together. These molecules form small crystals of salt that float on the surface of the brine. The edges of these tiny crystals, which are surrounded


The coastal city of Chittagong is in which country? The coastal city of Chittagong is in which country? 0 votes posted Mar 2, 2016 by Ankur Athari Share this question   Your comment on this question: Email me at this address if a comment is added after mine:Email me if a comment is added after mine Privacy: Your email address will only be used for sending these notifications. Anti-spam verification: To avoid this verification in future, please log in or register . 2 Answers answer Mar 2, 2016 by Shyam Narayan Your comment on this answer: Email me at this address if a comment is added after mine:Email me if a comment is added after mine Privacy: Your email address will only be used for sending these notifications. Anti-spam verification: To avoid this verification in future, please log in or register . 0 votes BanglaDesh Chittagong is one of the major port city is located on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal. It is a natural harbour and a gateway to the historic region of Bengal for centuries. Modern Chittagong is a major hub of trade and industry. The Port of Chittagong is the largest international seaport on the Bay of Bengal. The city is home to many of Bangladesh's oldest and largest companies, as well as the Chittagong Stock Exchange, the Chittagong Tea Auction and the eastern division of the Bangladesh Railway. The Chittagong Naval Area is the largest base of the Bangladesh Navy. Some Images of Chittagong answer Mar 2, 2016 by Salil Agrawal Your comment on this answer: Email me at this address if a comment is added after mine:Email me if a comment is added after mine Privacy: Your email address will only be used for sending these notifications. Anti-spam verification:


In 1995, what band was the first artist to receive as many as 4 BRIT (British Record Industry Trust) awards in the same year?

The brit awards | Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing - eBooks | Read eBooks online 1977 Official website The Brit Awards (stylised as the BRIT Awards; often simply called the Brits) are the British Phonographic Industry 's annual pop music awards, and the British equivalent of the American Grammy Awards . The name was originally a shortened form of "British", "Britain" or "Britannia" (in the early days the awards were sponsored by Britannia Music Club), but subsequently became a backronym for British Record Industry Trust. [1] In addition, an equivalent awards ceremony for classical music , called the Classic BRIT Awards , is held each May. Robbie Williams holds the record for the most Brit Awards, 12 as a solo artist and another five as part of Take That . The awards began in 1977 as part of the commemoration of the Queen’s Silver Jubilee [2] and as an annual event in 1982 under the auspices of the British record industry's trade association, the BPI. The last BPI Awards show was the first of the ceremonies to be broadcast on television, by the BBC, and in 1989 they were renamed the Brit Awards. [3] MasterCard has been the long-time sponsor of the event. [4] The Brit Awards were broadcast live until 1989, when Samantha Fox and Mick Fleetwood hosted a widely criticised show in which little went as rehearsed. [5] Subsequently, the event was recorded and broadcast the following night. This was part of a revamp by Jonathan King , who created the "BRITs" moniker, and organised a new look show. [6] From 2007, the Brit Awards reverted to a live broadcast on British television, on 14 February on ITV . [5] In that year, comedian Russell Brand was presenter and three awards were dropped from the ceremony: Best British Rock Act, Best British Urban Act and Best Pop Act. [5] On 18 February 2009, the venue for the BRITs was once again the Earls Court Exhibition Centre , London. The 2011 Brit Awards were held at The O2 Arena in London for the first time. [7] Contents 7 External links Ceremonies The first awards ceremony was in 1977 and there have been 32 editions to date (with no ceremonies held between 1978 and 1981). [8] The 2013 BRIT Awards were held in February 2013. The last BPI Awards was the first of the ceremonies to be broadcast on live television, by the BBC in 1988. BBC continued to broadcast the renamed BRIT Awards, live in 1989 and pre-recorded from 1990–1992. BBC Radio 1 has provided radio coverage since 2008. ITV have broadcast the awards since 1993, pre-recorded until 2006 and live from 2007 onwards. [5] Table summary "Our Version of Events" – Emeli Sandé Adele - "Skyfall" Not awarded ^ these awards were to mark the Queen 's Silver Jubilee and were for the previous 25 years of her reign. Notable moments Electricians' strike (1987) In 1987 the BPI Awards ceremony was held in the Great Room at the Grosvenor House Hotel . At the time there was a BBC electricians' strike in effect and the organisers decided to use a non-TV events production company, called Upfront, to manage the show. Despite the show being picketed, the event was transmitted as intended. For a while the outdoor broadcast scanner was rocked on its wheels by the protesters and they managed to shut off the power to one of the big GE video screen projectors. Upfront was then asked to organise the following year and persuaded the BPI to move the event to a larger venue, starting the trend that continues to this day, albeit at Earls Court, and with a different production company (MJK Productions). Rick Astley and The Who (1988) 1988 was the first year that the show moved to the Royal Albert Hall . A major coup at the time was to get The Who to perform, which was intended to be the first appearance of their much awaited comeback. The show was running late because the amount of time needed for the winners to get to stage to collect their awards had been underestimated. Rick Astley was the final winner of the day, and was seated in a box rather than at a table. With 9:00 pm and the news broadcast fast approaching, the decision was made to let The Who on and Astley


Which coin was first minted by Henry III in 1249, and not withdrawn from circulation until 1887?

The DiCamillo Companion - British Money Home Page Please note that we are not experts in British currency.  We do not deal in British coinage, nor are we able to  recommend numismatic dealers.  We cannot provide the value of  British currency.  This page is provided solely as a reference to better  understand British  money in an historical context. Since 1971 British money has been calculated on the decimal system,    with    a standardized scheme  of   100    pence to the pound.  However,    previous to 1971 there were many British coins with exotic  names    and confusing conversions.  We've tried to    list them all    (there are over 50!) in the chart below,  with    their conversions into today's    post-1971 decimal system    in italicized text and    their  old (pre-1971) equivalencies listed in non-italicized text.  Coins that    had earlier and different values  have those values    listed with the time period to which the values are appropriate.  Units of specie are listed alphabetically. In   pre-decimalization, a sum would normally be written    pounds, shillings, pence (�sd).  Thus, �2. 19s. 3d.   would be 2 pounds, 19 shillings, 3 pence.  This    would be spoken as "two pounds nineteen and three."  If dealing only in shillings and pence,  a sum would be written as 2s. 6d., or 2/6, and spoken as "two and six." Coins after decimalization   carried the term "New    pence" (removed in 1982) to  differentiate them from    the old,   pre-1971 decimal coins.  All UK coinage carries (and has for centuries) the Latin    inscription    D.G. REG (or REX, when  the monarch is a king), F.D.,    followed by the date.  This stands for "Dei Gratia" ("by the Grace  of God, Queen"), "Fidei Defensor" ("Defender of the Faith"), and the date.  Coins minted during  the British Raj have a bit more text:  "D:G:BR:OMN:REX F:D:IND:IMP," which stands for the Latin "Dei Gratia Britanniarum omnium Rex, Fidei Defensor, Indiae  Imperator," which translates "By the Grace of God, King of Entire   Britain, Defender of the Faith,  Emperor of India."  This phrasing was dropped in 1947 when India was given independence.  This inscription was not  consistent throughout reigns; the penny  of 1750 states only "GEORGIUS II REX." Some coins have images available; to see these,    click on the word "Image" below the coin name. If you know of a coin we've left out, or have a correction,     please shoot us an email.  Click Here to Email Us Click here to go to the website of The Royal Mint. The DiCamillo Companion, Ltd. is not  affiliated with, nor receives any compensation from,  The Royal Mint.  These links are provided only as a service to  users  of The DiCamillo Companion website. To use a chart that allows you to compare the purchasing power   of   money  in Great Britain from 1264 to any other year,    including the present, click here To see today's conversion rate of the British    pound,   click on this  link to Yahoo Currency   Conversion   80 pence, or 6 shillings   and 8 pence in the 15th century. 10 shillings. Equivalent  to 50 pence in today's decimal coinage. Former gold coin. Called an angel because it featured the Archangel Michael  slaying a dragon on the reverse, the angel was introduced by Edward IV with  a value of 6s 8d to replace the unpopular ten shilling ryal. Under Edward VI  the value of the coin was increased to 10 shillings.  Angels continued  to be produced under James I, with the final issue minted under Charles I in  1643. In the American colonies the Massachusetts ten shilling paper currency  note from the October 14, 1713 emission was designated as an angel; this  plate was reused several times for emissions up to 1740. Bob or Shilling 1 shilling Slang term for a shilling, a former coin, removed from circulation in   1971.  Abbreviated with an "s."  See Shilling for more  information. Broad 20 shillings, or 1 pound. A former milled gold coin issued


Which book attributed to Thomas Cranmer and published around 1549 is still in print?

Thomas Cranmer | archbishop of Canterbury | Britannica.com archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex Thomas Cranmer, (born July 2, 1489, Aslacton, Nottinghamshire , England —died March 21, 1556, Oxford ), the first Protestant archbishop of Canterbury (1533–56), adviser to the English kings Henry VIII and Edward VI . As archbishop , he put the English Bible in parish churches, drew up the Book of Common Prayer , and composed a litany that remains in use today. Denounced by the Catholic queen Mary I for promoting Protestantism , he was convicted of heresy and burned at the stake. Thomas Cranmer, detail of an oil painting by Gerlach Flicke, 1545; in the National Portrait … Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London Early life Cranmer was the second son of Thomas Cranmer and Agnes (née Hatfield). His father seems to have belonged to the lowest rank of the gentry; at any rate, he had only enough property to endow his eldest son, John, so that Thomas and his younger brother were destined for the church. After experiencing the teaching of a “marvellous severe and cruel schoolmaster,” whose ministrations Cranmer later maintained instilled in him a permanent uncertainty and pliability, the boy went on to Cambridge in 1503. In 1510 or 1511 he was elected to a fellowship at Jesus College but was soon compelled to vacate because he married a relative of the landlady of the Dolphin Inn. During this time he earned his living by teaching at Buckingham (later Magdalene) College, leaving his wife to lodge at the Dolphin; out of this arrangement grew a later story that he had started out in life as a hostler. His wife died in childbirth soon after their marriage, however, and Jesus College restored Cranmer to his fellowship. He now entered the church and threw himself into his studies, becoming one of the outstanding theologians of his time, a man of immense, though not very original, learning. From about 1520 he belonged to a group of scholars who met regularly to discuss the theological problems raised by Martin Luther ’s revolt; known to be inclined to the new way of thinking, they were dubbed “Little Germany.” Among the group that was to lead the English Reformation were William Tyndale , Robert Barnes , Thomas Bilney , and, above all, Cranmer, who by 1525 included among his prayers one for the abolition of papal power in England. Entry into royal service Cranmer’s ambitions for reform would have remained academic had it not been for the political events into which he was soon drawn, however contrary they were to his upbringing and tastes. From 1527 onward, Henry VIII pursued his desire to be freed from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon , in order to marry Anne Boleyn , and in 1529 the grips of the “divorce” controversy seized also upon Cranmer. In August a plague known as the sweating sickness swept the country and was especially severe in Cambridge. To escape the sickness, Cranmer left the town with two of his pupils—brothers who were related to him through their mother—and went to their father’s house at Waltham in Essex. The king was visiting in the immediate neighbourhood at the time, and two of his chief councillors, Stephen Gardiner and Edward Fox, met Cranmer in those lodgings soon afterward. Not surprisingly, they were led to discuss the king’s meditated divorce. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent Henry, who was willing to secure the help of any likely head and hand, however obscure, summoned Cranmer for an interview and commanded him to lay aside all other pursuits in order to devote himself to the question of the divorce. Cranmer accepted a commission to write a propaganda treatise in the king’s interest, stating the course he proposed and defending it by arguments from Scripture, the Fathers, and the decrees of general councils. He was commended to the hospitality of Anne Boleyn’s father, the earl of Wiltshire, in whose house at Durham Place he resided for some time; was appointed archdeacon of Taunton; became one of the king’s chaplains; and also held a parochial benefice, the name of


The inaugural day-night cricket test game played at the Oval, Adelaide, Australia, in November 2015 was played between Australia and which other country?

Adelaide to host first day-night Test | cricket.com.au Adelaide to host first day-night Test 30 June 2015 Australia and New Zealand confirmed to play Test under lights with a pink ball in November while Chappell-Hadlee Trophy is reinvigorated Fan Results Closed | 16326 Votes Do you support the day-night Test concept? Yes Undecided 11% The Adelaide Oval will host the first ever day-night Test match when Australia host New Zealand from November 27. The historic event will be the third of a three-Test series against the Black Caps on Australian soil this summer and will be the first to be played under lights and with a pink Kookaburra ball. The match headlines a six-Test summer schedule released by Cricket Australia today, with the series against New Zealand followed by three Tests against West Indies that includes the marquee Boxing Day and New Year's matches. Quick Single: Summer Test schedule and venues confirmed Cricket Australia chief executive James Sutherland said the day-night Test puts fans first, with more spectators able to attend or watch on television. "One of the global challenges with Test cricket is that most of the matches outside holiday periods are played on week days, in the middle of the day when people are at work and kids are at school," Sutherland said. "By shifting the playing times each day's play can go into the evening and allow people to come in after work or after school to attend the last few hours of play, but also when they get home in other parts of the world or other parts of the country, they can watch the game on TV." The Chappell-Hadlee rivalry resumes A start time for the day-night Test is still under consideration and not yet confirmed, but one possible scenario would see play start at 2.30pm and run until 9.30pm Adelaide time. That would mean play would be from 3pm to 10pm in Melbourne and Sydney, 2pm to 9pm in Brisbane, noon to 7pm in Perth and 5pm to midnight in New Zealand. In another break from Test cricket tradition, the longer 40-minute interval, known as 'lunch' in day Tests, could now be held between the second and third sessions, and would be known as 'dinner'. The 20-minute break for tea would retain the same name, but it would be held between the first and second sessions in the day-night Test. Quick Single: Day-night revolution keeps Tests relevant New Zealand Cricket chief executive David White labelled the move "another step forward in the evolution of the game". "Since the first Test in 1877 there have been numerous changes to the laws and rules in an effort to ensure the game remains relevant – and this is another," White said. "As administrators we owe it to the game to keep exploring ways of moving forward." Chappell-Hadlee Trophy reinvigorated Negotiations to secure the day-night Test have brought Cricket Australia and New Zealand Cricket closer together, also resulting in a commitment to stage six Chappell-Hadlee Trophy ODI series over the next four years. Each series will be three matches – a total of 18 games in the time frame – with New Zealand to host four series, starting in early 2016, and Australia two others. The day-night Test will not only be historic, but the opening day will also be a poignant one for the Australian team – it will be 12 months to the day that Phillip Hughes tragically passed away. The late batsman, a close friend as well as teammate of many of the Australian players, died two days after he was struck by a short ball while batting in a Sheffield Shield match between NSW and South Australia at the SCG last year. Last summer's Adelaide Test, the first of a hastily rearranged summer following Hughes's passing, was an emotional affair with David Warner, Steve Smith and Michael Clarke all scoring centuries in tribute to their fallen mate.


In 2011 the capture and killing of Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi changed the political landscape in which country?

Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi: 1942-2011. The man who would be king of kings | Daily Maverick Breaking bad. And good news the maverick way 18 January 2017 03:54 (South Africa) Politics Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi: 1942-2011. The man who would be king of kings Simon Allison Simon Allison Simon Allison covers Africa for the Daily Maverick, having cut his teeth reporting from Palestine, Somalia and revolutionary Egypt. He loves news and politics, the more convoluted the better. Despite his natural cynicism and occasionally despairing tone, he is an Afro-optimist, and can’t wait to witness and chronicle the continent’s swift development over the next few decades. Politics 21 Oct 2011 07:51 (South Africa) Brother leader, revolutionary guide, autocrat, colonel, dictator, mad dog; call Gaddafi what you will, he won’t mind. He’s dead. SIMON ALLISON looks at the unusual life of Libya’s most infamous son. Politics just won’t be the same without Gaddafi. In a world of grey suits and red ties, here was a man who wore bright robes and sunglasses, who lived in a tent and drank camel’s milk. Here was a man who relied for his protection on an elite unit of female bodyguards, because men just couldn’t be trusted and travelled nowhere without his voluptuous Ukrainian nurse. Here was a man who changed the Arabic spelling of his country’s name to make it look more symmetrical; even orthographic conventions didn’t hold him back. Normal titles, like president or king, were always insufficient for such a man. Instead, Gaddafi insisted on being known as ‘Brotherly Leader and Guide of the First of September Great Revolution of the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya’. And when that became a bit run-of-the-mill, he organised a conference of subservient African yes-men to anoint him as “King of Kings”, a designation last used for God himself. He disguised his madness, to himself at least, with his complete lack of irony. His political philosophy is encapsulated in his Green Book, Libya’s best-selling book of all time, and, before the revolution, was required reading in all Libyan schools. Along with demonstrating Brother Leader’s questionable grasp of political theory, it has this to say about required school reading: “Mandatory education is a coercive education that suppresses freedom. To impose specific teaching materials is a dictatorial act.” (He did sound a bit like Pink Floyd on that one. - Ed) But it was his public appearances and speeches where Gaddafi really came into his own. He could completely derail meetings and conferences with his often interminable and usually off-topic utterances, although these were invariably entertaining. In his very first speech to address the nascent rebellion in February this year, he appeared on state television from inside a car while wearing ear flaps and holding an umbrella, denouncing other channels reporting the protests as run by stray dogs. In another, he alleged that the rebels were 17 year olds being drugged by al Qaeda: “They give them pills at night, they put hallucinatory pills in their drinks, their milk, their coffee, their Nescafe.” But as exciting and colourful as Gaddafi was, Libya might just prefer their next leaders to stick to grey suits and red ties, and maybe a lot more democracy too. Because, while the world may not have always taken Gaddafi very seriously, his people certainly did. They didn’t have a choice. Behind all the pomp and buffoonery was a cold, hard, brutal dictator who concentrated all power in his own person and tolerated no opposition. He came to power in a “revolution” which he led in 1969. Gaddafi’s revolution was very different to the one which brought an end to his regime. It was more of a coup d’etat, a transfer of power from one autocrat, King Idris, to another. Swiftly, Gaddafi set about using Libya’s vast oil reserves to develop his country – in his own strange vision, of course. He poured billions into showpiece projects which didn’t work, like the Great Man-Made River which was designed to pump water from desert wells to coastal area


Which is closest to the prevailing climate in Mongolia?

Mongolia - Climate Climate Mongolia Table of Contents Mongolia is high, cold, and dry. It has an extreme continental     climate with long, cold winters and short summers, during which most     precipitation falls. The country averages 257 cloudless days a year, and     it is usually at the center of a region of high atmospheric pressure.     Precipitation is highest in the north, which averages 20 to 35     centimeters per year, and lowest in the south, which receives 10 to 20     centimeters. The extreme south is the Gobi, some regions of which     receive no precipitation at all in most years. The name Gobi is a Mongol     meaning desert, depression, salt marsh, or steppe, but which usually     refers to a category of arid rangeland with insufficient vegetation to     support marmots but with enough to support camels. Mongols distinguish gobi from desert proper, although the distinction is not always apparent to     outsiders unfamiliar with the Mongolian landscape. Gobi rangelands are fragile and are easily destroyed by overgrazing, which     results in expansion of the true desert, a stony waste where not even     Bactrian camels can survive. Average temperatures over most of the country are below freezing from     November through March and are about freezing in April and October.     January and February averages of -20� C are common, with winter nights     of -40� C occurring most years. Summer extremes reach as high as 38� C     in the southern Gobi region and 33� C in Ulaanbaatar. More than half     the country is covered by permafrost, which makes construction, road     building, and mining difficult. All rivers and freshwater lakes freeze     over in the winter, and smaller streams commonly freeze to the bottom.     Ulaanbaatar lies at 1,351 meters above sea level in the valley of the     Tuul Gol, a river. Located in the relatively well-watered north, it     receives an annual average of 31 centimeters of precipitation, almost     all of which falls in July and in August. Ulaanbaatar has an average     annual temperature of -2.9�C and a frost-free period extending on the     average from mid-June to late August. Mongolia's weather is characterized by extreme variability and     short-term unpredictability in the summer, and the multiyear averages     conceal wide variations in precipitation, dates of frosts, and     occurrences of blizzards and spring dust storms. Such weather poses     severe challenges to human and livestock survival. Official statistics     list less than 1 percent of the country as arable, 8 to 10 percent as     forest, and the rest as pasture or desert. Grain, mostly wheat, is grown     in the valleys of the Selenge river system in the north, but yields     fluctuate widely and unpredictably as a result of the amount and the     timing of rain and the dates of killing frosts. Although winters are     generally cold and clear, there are occasional blizzards that do not     deposit much snow but cover the grasses with enough snow and ice to make     grazing impossible, killing off tens of thousands of sheep or cattle.     Such losses of livestock, which are an inevitable and, in a sense,     normal consequence of the climate, have made it difficult for planned     increases in livestock numbers to be achieved. Custom Search


"What, holding a sword in one hand and scales in the other, traditionally represents ""Justice""?"

The Symbol of Justice - It's About Justice The Symbol of Justice Home › The Symbol of Justice The Symbol of Justice Themis from the temple of Nemesis Rhamnous Attica signed by sculptor Chariestratos, c 300 BCE Most know that when they see a statue of a blindfolded woman holding a sword or scroll in one hand and scales in the other that they are looking at the aspirational symbol of Justice. But where did this symbol come from, what are we aspiring to as people to need to have her presence, and just what is the meaning of her, a woman, elevated above us, firmly holding the sword or the scroll in one hand and the scales in the other? The symbol of Justice began centuries ago and continues to be the link between the natural law and the rational law. It incorporates the culture of the divine, the inherent right of the individual and the culture of civil society,  and the responsibilities of people and law.  She is elevated, as the intermediary between divine justice and human justice, representing the highest standards and virtues of humanity. She carries the scale, a sword or scroll and she is often blindfolded. Themis – Dublin Ireland The modern image of Justice that many of us know today is based on Greco-Roman mythology of Themis and Justitia. Almost always draped in flowing robes, mature but not old, she symbolizes the fair and equal administration of the law, without corruption, avarice, prejudice, or favor. Themis, c 300 BCE, was the Greek Goddess of Justice and Law and was known for her clear-sightedness. Her ability to foresee the future enabled her to become one of the oracles at Delphi, which in turn led to her establishment as the Goddess of Divine Justice. Classical representations of Themis did not show her blindfolded because of her talent for prophecy, nor was she holding a sword because she represented common consent, not coercion. Justitia , c 1AD,  is the Roman goddess of Justice  and was often portrayed as evenly balancing both scales and a sword and often wearing a blindfold.  Sometimes she is portrayed holding in one hand the fasces, a  symbol of judicial authority, and a flame or torch in the other symbolizing truth.  The scales, sword, scroll and blindfold all reinforce the concept of Justice. The Scales of Justice represents the balance of the individual against the needs of society and a fair balance between interests of one individual and those of another.The personification of justice balancing the scales dates back to the Egyptian Goddess of Justice, Maat, who stood for truth and fairness. The Scroll represents learning and knowledge, the passing of time and the extent of life. Justice demands that we continue to learn as our life unfolds. Education is a responsibility of the individual and society. The Sword of Justice is the active force, a symbol of power, protection, authority, vigilance  and might.  This double-edged sword in Justice’s left hand, recognizes the power of Reason and Justice, which may be wielded either for or against any party. It serves as a reminder of the necessity of real punishment, the power of the law, and ultimately, the power over life and death. The Blindfold, symbolic of Blind Justice, represents equality, knowing no differences in the parties involved. Representations of the Lady of Justice in the Western tradition show that  sometimes she wears a blindfold, which is more prevalent in Europe, but often she appears without one.


In the 1968 feature film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, of what country is Baron Bomburst the tyrant ruler?

Dimple Records - Chitty Chitty Bang BangVideo Product 0 minutes Notes / Reviews Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is a 1968 feature film with a script by Roald Dahl and Ken Hughes, and songs by the Sherman Brothers, based on Ian Fleming's novel Chitty Chitty Bang Bang: The Magical Car. It starred Dick Van Dyke as Caractacus Potts and Sally Ann Howes as Truly Scrumptious. The film was directed by Ken Hughes and produced by Albert R. Broccoli (co-producer of the James Bond series of films, also based on Fleming's novels). Irwin Kostal supervised and conducted the music, and the musical numbers were staged by Marc Breaux and Dee Dee Wood. Plot Set in the 1910s, the story opens with Jeremy and Jemima Potts, who live with their widowed father Caractacus Potts, an eccentric inventor, and his equally peculiar father. While skipping school, they meet Truly Scrumptious, a beautiful upper-class woman with her own motorcar, who brings them home to report their truancy to their father. Truly shows interest in Caractacus' odd inventions, but he is affronted by her attempts to tell him that his children should be in school. The children have grown fond of a wrecked racing motorcar, and implore their father to buy it before it is sold for scrap. Discovering that one of the candies he has invented can be played like a flute, he tries unsuccessfully to sell the "toot sweet" to Truly's father Lord Scrumptious, a major confection manufacturer. He takes his automatic hair-cutting machine to the fair in an effort to raise money, but it malfunctions. He "hides" from an angry customer by joining a song and dance act, stealing the show and earning enough from tips to pay for the car. Potts rebuilds the car, which he nicknames Chitty Chitty Bang Bang for the noises its engine makes, and he and the children, accompanied by Truly, go for a picnic on the beach, where Truly becomes very fond of the Potts family and vice versa. Caractacus tells them a story about nasty Baron Bomburst, the tyrant ruler of fictional Vulgaria, who wants to steal Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and keep it all for himself: In the story, the quartet and the car are stranded by high tide, but Chitty suddenly deploys huge flotation devices and they escape inland. The Baron sends two comical spies ashore to capture the car for him, but they briefly capture Lord Scrumptious by accident, and then kidnap Grandpa Potts, mistaking him for the inventor of Chitty. Caractacus, Truly, and the children see him being taken away by zeppelin, and give chase. They accidentally drive off a cliff, Chitty sprouts wings and a propeller and begins to fly. They track him to Vulgaria, where Baroness Bomburst orders the imprisonment of all children, which she abhors. Grandpa the "inventor" has been ordered by the baron to make another floating car, and bluffing to avoid punishment. The Potts party is hidden by the local toymaker, who now works only for the baron. The children are captured by the baron's Child Catcher, and Chitty is discovered and taken to the castle. The toymaker takes Truly and Caractacus to a grotto far beneath the castle where the townspeople have been hiding their children, and they concoct a scheme to free the children and the village from the baron. The toymaker sneaks them into the castle disguised as life-size dolls, gifts for the baron's birthday. Caractacus snares the Baron and the town's children swarm the banquet hall. In the ensuing chaos, the baron, baroness, and Child Catcher are all captured. The family is freed and fly back with Truly to England. Jeremy and Jemima finish the story themselves: "And Daddy and Truly were married!" which Truly seems to find appealing, but Caractacus is evasive, believing that the class distance between them is too great. But when Lord Scrumptious surprises them with an offer to buy the Toot Sweet, Caractacus realizes that he has become wealthy, and rushes off to propose to Truly. As they drive off together in Chitty, the car takes to the air again, this time without wings. Cast


By what name was Shane Fenton better known as a performer in the 1970s and 1980s?

Alvin Stardust - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia I am a simple man trying to live a simple life !!!!!! Alvin Stardust Birth name  Bernard William Jewry Instruments  Vocals, guitar Also known as  Shane Fenton Years active  1960–2014 Full name  Bernard William Jewry Born  27 September 1942 Muswell Hill, North London, England (1942-09-27) Genres  Glam rock, rock and roll, pop Died  October 23, 2014, Ifold, United Kingdom Spouse  Julie Paton (m. 1992–2014), Liza Goddard (m. 1981–1989) Albums  Rock With Alvin, The Untouchable Similar People  Liza Goddard, Shakin' Stevens, Peter Shelley, Sheila Walsh, Adam F Alvin stardust glam rock singer dies aged 72 Sponsored Links Bernard William Jewry (27 September 1942 – 23 October 2014), known professionally as Shane Fenton and later as Alvin Stardust, was an English pop singer and stage actor. Performing first as Shane Fenton in the 1960s, Jewry had a moderately successful career in the pre-Beatles era, hitting the UK top 40 with four singles in 1961-62. However, he became better known for singles released in the 1970s and 1980s as Alvin Stardust, including the UK Singles Chart-topper "Jealous Mind", as well as later hits such as "Pretend" and "I Feel Like Buddy Holly". Jewry did not originate either of his stage personas, in both cases taking over these personas from other artists. Alvin stardust i won t run away 1985 Early life and career Bernard William Jewry was born 27 September 1942 in Muswell Hill, North London. Moving to Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, at a young age where his mother ran a boarding house frequented by musicians and entertainers appearing locally, Jewry attended the Southwell Minster Collegiate Grammar School (now Southwell Minster School) in Southwell, Nottinghamshire, near Newark-upon-Trent, as a boarder. He made his stage debut in pantomime at the age of four. In the early 1960s, Shane Fenton and the Fentones were an unknown teenage band who recorded a demo tape and mailed it in to a BBC programme with the hope of being picked to appear on television. While awaiting a reply from the BBC, the band's 17-year-old singer Shane Fenton (whose real name was Johnny Theakston) died as a result of the rheumatic fever he had suffered in childhood. Sponsored Links The rest of the band (guitarists Jerry Wilcock and Mick Eyre, bassist Graham George Squires and drummer Tony Hinchcliffe) decided to break up, but then unexpectedly received a letter from the BBC inviting them to come to London to audition in person for the programme. Theakston's mother asked the band to stay together, and to keep its name, in honour of her son's memory. Jewry, who was a roadie with the group at the time, was asked to join the band and to use Shane Fenton as a pseudonym. The combo had a handful of hits in the UK Singles Chart, basing their sound on that of the Shadows: "I'm A Moody Guy", "Walk Away", "It's All Over Now" and their biggest hit, "Cindy's Birthday". These and their subsequent misses were all on Parlophone Records. Jewry later also appeared in Billy Fury's movie Play It Cool. He was managed by Larry Parnes. Persona change Jewry disappeared from the spotlight for a decade after the break-up of the Fentones, working in music management and performing at small venues with his wife Iris Caldwell, the sister of Rory Storm. During the early 1970s, however, he acquired a new persona, Alvin Stardust, cashing in on the glam rock bandwagon. His new name was given to him by Peter Shelley, the co-founder (with Michael Levy) of Magnet Records. Shelley originated the persona of Alvin Stardust, writing, recording and singing the first Stardust single, "My Coo Ca Choo", in 1973. Shelley, however, had no interest in performing live or making public appearances, so even as "My Coo Ca Choo" was climbing the charts, he was on the lookout for someone to take over the role of Alvin Stardust. Hal Carter, Jewry's manager, suggested his client as a substitute. Jewry took over as Stardust in time to lip-synch "My Coo Ca Choo" on its first Top Of The Pops appearance. All further Alvin Stardust records wer


By what name is Theodor Geisel better known?

Behind the Name: Meaning, origin and history of the name Theodor USAGE: German , Swedish , Norwegian , Danish , Czech , Romanian Meaning & History German form of THEODORE , as well as a Scandinavian, Czech and Romanian variant of TEODOR . A famous bearer was American children's book creator Theodor Seuss Geisel (1904-1991), better known as Dr. Seuss.


"Who wrote ""The Coming of the Fairies"" (1921) which shows he was apparently convinced of the veracity of photographs of fairies, in which he theorised about the nature and existence of fairies and spirits?"

Arthur Conan Doyle Arthur Conan Doyle Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle 22 May 1859(1859-05-22)Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom Died 7 July 1930(1930-07-07) (aged 71)Crowborough, East Sussex, England, United Kingdom Occupation Novelist, short story writer, poet, doctor of medicine Nationality Detective fiction, science fiction, historical novels, non-fiction Notable work(s) Edit Block Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a Scottish physician and writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. He was a prolific writer whose other works include science fiction stories, historical novels, plays and romances, poetry, and non-fiction. Life One of the five photographs of Frances Griffiths with the alleged fairies, taken by Elsie Wright in July 1917. Early life Arthur Conan Doyle was born the third of ten siblings on 22 May 1859 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father, Charles Altamont Doyle, who was born in England of Irish descent, and his mother, born Mary Foley, who was Irish, had married in 1855. Doyle's father died in 1893, in the Crichton Royal, Dumfries, after many years of psychiatric illness. Although he is now referred to as "Conan Doyle", the origin of this compound surname (if that is how he meant it to be understood) is uncertain. The entry in which his baptism is recorded in the register of St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh gives "Arthur Ignatius Conan" as his Christian name, and simply "Doyle" as his surname. It also names Michael Conan as his godfather. Conan Doyle was sent to the Roman Catholic Jesuit preparatory school Hodder Place, Stonyhurst, at the age of nine. He then went on to Stonyhurst College until 1875. From 1876 to 1881 he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, including a period working in the town of Aston (now a district of Birmingham) and in Sheffield. While studying, Conan Doyle also began writing short stories; his first published story appeared in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal before he was 20. Following his term at university, he was employed as a ship's doctor on the SS Mayumba during a voyage to the West African coast. He completed his doctorate on the subject of tabes dorsalis in 1885. Origins of Sherlock Holmes In 1882 he joined former classmate George Budd as his partner at a medical practice in Plymouth, but their relationship proved difficult, and Conan Doyle soon left to set up an independent practice. Arriving in Portsmouth in June of that year with less than £10 to his name, he set up a medical practice at 1 Bush Villas in Elm Grove, Southsea. The practice was initially not very successful; while waiting for patients, Conan Doyle again began writing stories. His first significant work, A Study in Scarlet, appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887. It featured the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes, who was partially modelled after his former university teacher Joseph Bell. Conan Doyle wrote to him, "It is most certainly to you that I owe Sherlock Holmes. ... [R]ound the centre of deduction and inference and observation which I have heard you inculcate I have tried to build up a man." Future short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes were published in the English Strand Magazine. Robert Louis Stevenson was able, even in faraway Samoa, to recognise the strong similarity between Joseph Bell and Sherlock Holmes: "[M]y compliments on your very ingenious and very interesting adventures of Sherlock Holmes. ... [C]an this be my old friend Joe Bell?" Other authors sometimes suggest additional influences—for instance, the famous Edgar Allan Poe character C. Auguste Dupin. While living in Southsea, he played football as a goalkeeper for an amateur side, Portsmouth Association Football Club, under the pseudonym A. C. Smith. (This club, disbanded in 1894, had no connection with the present-day Portsmouth F.C., which was founded in 1898.) Conan Doyle was also a keen cricketer, and between


In 1997 Bougainville gained autonomy within Papua New Guinea, after negotiations brokered by what country?

��ࡱ�>�� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������b ��N�jbjb�� ��h�h�>��������rrr�t�������� �<�\ f   LXXXXX� � � � � � � ,� R!� �XXXXX 8��XX 888XL�X�X� 8������X� 88 c ���  ��2����{ � $, 0\ � ,�!8�!� 8���d���Case Study: Bougainville � Papua New Guinea 1. Introduction �These weapons cannot remain in our community. These weapons caused the deaths and injuries of our men, women and children. They raped our mothers, daughters and sisters. They created widows and orphans, destroyed our homes, crops and businesses. They are our fear of the past, not the hope of our future�.There is no such thing as safe containment. Containers have been broken into, that is a fact�.We cannot build a democratic and free Bougainville if there are containers of weapons with guns next to our polling booths�.Prove to the people of Bougainville that you have learned from the hard lessons of the crisis. Press Release, November 2003, Leitana Nehan Women�s Development Agency   The southwest Pacific islands of Bougainville were devastated by a violent civil war between local groups and the Papua New Guinea government between 1989 and 1998. Around ten percent of the population, or fifteen thousand Bougainvilleans died during those nine years, either from combat or as a result of conditions imposed by the conflict. Bougainville is a small but very complex society with a great diversity of clans, sub-clans and language groups. The divisions, suspicions and mistrust created by the war have served to compound that complexity in profoundly negative ways. Armed violence, massive and widespread human rights violations, disease and starvation resulted in displacement of more than half the population and had specific physical, economic and political impacts on women, the landowners in matrilineal Bougainville. Many fled to the bush, and stayed there for months or even years. Others were forced to live in �care centers� run by the Papua New Guinea government. By April 1995, over 64,000 displaced Bougainvilleans had taken refuge in 39 care centers throughout Bougainville. All actors � the warring parties, the United Nations, donor agencies and NGOs � credit women for sparking and sustaining the cease-fire and peace process. This widespread recognitio


The seventh film in what series was released in December 2015 to audience and critical acclaim and a record box office take in the first month?

Acclaimed Flop - TV Tropes Acclaimed Flop Page Source You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account This entry is trivia, which is cool and all, but not a trope. On a work, it goes on the Trivia tab. Share YMMV Every once in a while, some work will leave a big mark in the mind of audiences. The reviews won't give it a score under 9/10 , those who saw/read/played it almost unanimously love it, and the work is acclaimed for its originality, unique artistic touch, beautiful soundtrack , etc. Everything is perfect except for one thing: few people bought/watched it. Despite its huge critical success, the work is snubbed in the stores or cinemas and only avoids fading away from public view entirely by virtue of its acclaim. Maybe it was too original, too unique, or too controversial to appeal to a large base (and maybe deliberately so ), or maybe it lacked the advertisement that big and long-installed licenses or blockbusters get. Or just got a very clumsy marketing campaign. It can also be a consequence of The Firefly Effect (people not wanting to watch a show they think will be quickly cancelled) for a series. But as a result of its glowing reputation, it will usually be sought out like a treasure several years later by many people who overlooked it at the time, and be all the more difficult to find in shops. They are often Cult Classics , but a cult classic isn't necessarily successful critically and can keep a very limited fanbase. Compare Vindicated by History when the quality of the work is only generally acknowledged many years after it came out. Also see Needs More Love . Critical Dissonance is for when the opinions of critics and viewers don't match. Magnum Opus Dissonance is for when the author loves the work above all else, and the audience refuses to. Contrast Critic-Proof , where the work is commercially successful despite negative critical reception. Also contrast a Sleeper Hit , which is when a work that no one was expecting much from ends up being a commercial success despite the unfavorable odds. See also Hitless Hit Album for examples of albums that caught on despite producing no hit singles. This is not about works you personally liked that didn't get much attention. This is about works that did poorly despite being acclaimed. Examples:     open/close all folders      Anime and Manga  Nichijou sold poorly in Japan,note It is Kyoto Animation's sixth lowest selling anime. Only Munto , Myriad Colors Phantom World , Tamako Market , Beyond the Boundary , and Amagi Brilliant Park sold less. but received great reviews from critics, and got a warm, loving fanbase when it hit America and Europe, even in spite of it not having an official release there due to the closure of Bandai Entertainment . It also managed to more than double its original sales with re-releases. Fractale , despite it getting decent to good reviews all around (at least at first), had the misfortune of sharing the same timeslot as Puella Magi Madoka Magica . Fractale never stood a chance. A Creator Breakdown happened partway through production when the creator found out Madoka was trouncing his show, and the quality slipped dramatically from that point onwards. Any Rumiko Takahashi series in the West that's not Ranma ï¿½ or InuYasha : Maison Ikkoku . Often considered to be Takahashi's masterpiece, it received high critical acclaim when it was imported, and maintains a devoted fanbase to this day, with a surprising number even still calling it their favorite anime series of all time. However, the show itself, being more of a slice of life coming-of-age comedy, and more realistic than Takahashi's mega-hits InuYasha and Ranma ½, failed to find much of an audience in the U.S. Its original VHS releases were cancelled after a handful of volumes, and was only released on DVD when InuYasha took off, where it also bombed (although the whole series was released, Viz Media was forced to do very small print runs of later volumes). The series is now out-of-print and very difficult to find. There are some fans campaigning Viz to release t


The highest peaks of the Atlas Mountains, the highest being 4,167 metres (13,671 ft), are in country?

Morocco Peaks - Hiking Adventure Travel, Desert Expedition in Morocco, Safari Tour & Travel View details Toubkal Peaks and Peaks Toubkal is a mountain peak in southwestern Morocco,  located in the Toubkal National Park. At 4,167 metres (13,671 ft), it  is the highest peak in the Atlas Mountains and in North Africa. It is  located 63 km south of the city of Marrakesh, in the Toubkal National  Park, and is a popular destination for climbers. Read more... Morocco Morocco officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the  Maghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterized  by a rugged mountainous interior and large portions of desert. Read more... About Welcome to the magical country of Morocco – a land  of hospitality ,  peace, and generosity, where a smile greets every  traveller. Whether you  are dreaming of a trip into the peaks and the  Berber Villages of High  Atlas Mountains, a camel trek into the the  rolling dunes of the Sahara  Desert, a visit to the ancient cities and  colourful markets or a  relaxing time on the sandy beaches of the  Atlantic coast, Mohamed & his teams have the knowledge and expertise  to help you put together the  cultural itinerary or trekking excursion  of a lifetime!. Whenever you want to travel and whatever your level of fitness, we  can  organize your trip to suit you. Whether you want to climb mountains,   walk through deep shaded valleys, ride camels across the desert or   relax by the beach, we design superb value itineraries using hand-picked   a fantastic selection of riads, boutique hotels, Kasbahs and Berber   Gites. We will enable you to experience your desired holiday..


"Who launched a career with the book ""Kitchen Confidential: Adventures in the Culinary Underbelly""?"

Kitchen Confidential: Adventures in the Culinary Underbelly – Cooking Schools Availability: unspecified Product Description Most diners believe that their sublime sliver of seared foie gras, topped with an ethereal buckwheat blini and a drizzle of piquant huckleberry sauce, was created by a culinary artist of the highest order, a sensitive, highly refined executive chef. The truth is more brutal. More likely, writes Anthony Bourdain in Kitchen Confidential, that elegant three-star concoction is the collaborative effort of a team of "wacked-out moral degenerates, dope fiends, refugees, a thuggish assortment of drunks, sneak thieves, sluts, and psychopaths," in all likelihood pierced or tattooed and incapable of uttering a sentence without an expletive or a foreign phrase. Such is the muscular view of the culinary trenches from one who's been groveling in them, with obvious sadomasochistic pleasure, for more than 20 years. CIA-trained Bourdain, currently the executive chef of the celebrated Les Halles, wrote two culinary mysteries before his first (and infamous) New Yorker essay launched this frank confessional about the lusty and larcenous real lives of cooks and restaurateurs. He is obscenely eloquent, unapologetically opinionated, and a damn fine storyteller--a Jack Kerouac of the kitchen. Those without the stomach for this kind of joyride should note his opening caveat: "There will be horror stories. Heavy drinking, drugs, screwing in the dry-goods area, unappetizing industry-wide practices. Talking about why you probably shouldn't order fish on a Monday, why those who favor well-done get the scrapings from the bottom of the barrel, and why seafood frittata is not a wise brunch selection.... But I'm simply not going to deceive anybody about the life as I've seen it." --Sumi Hahn


When Europeans first came to New Zealand, Mori told them that they themselves had come from where?

New light shed on origins of Maori | Stuff.co.nz New light shed on origins of Maori Last updated 09:00 28/07/2010 THORNY QUESTION: Where did Maori come from? Relevant offers Perspective Chch designers come out on top Thinking outside the box on social housing Coastal pathway will enhance city lifestyle Arts crucial for the rebuild What do you want in a community? Educating tourists won't make roads safer City congestion demands action Kia ora and thank you for calling Spark Could the east side be a new Eden? Let our location dictate new-look flag It seems the first European settlers were right about where Maori came from, writes MATTHEW WRIGHT. OPINION: Where did Maori come from? It's a thorny question, and every Pakeha generation, it seems, has looked for conclusive answers - trying to penetrate the allegory with which Maori oral records convey the story. We've got those answers now, but it's been a long and very winding road to get there - one that, to me, is more about our changing ideas about ourselves than it has been about finding an abstract truth. When Pakeha first started looking at the problem, about 160 years ago - based on what Maori told them, and what was also obvious - they basically got it right. Largely on the basis of linguistic similarities, settler- ethnographers such as William Colenso concluded in the 1860s that Maori came probably from the Cook Islands or a nearby group. Whakapapa suggested they had done so early in the fourteenth century - as Colenso put it, "scarcely four centuries before Cook". But in a spasm of rationalism, settler-age Pakeha scientists then rushed off on entirely the wrong tangent. The first wrong-headed notion was "two race" settlement, which came on the back of discoveries by Christchurch settler-scientist Julius Haast and others of vast moa bone-yards in Canterbury and Otago. Massive butchery had gone on - and it seemed fairly clear that somebody had eaten those great birds to extinction. The problem was that nobody could quite believe that Maori had done it. They seemed too careful with the ecology. So when the archaeological evidence was stacked up with Maori myths of fairy folk, settler-scientists came to believe that Maori had displaced earlier and mysterious "Moa Hunters", eventually dubbed "Moriori". This idea gained traction, although the settlers knew very well that Moriori were indigenous Chatham Islanders. The whole idea of two-race mythology was first dislodged by H D Skinner in the early 20th century - and by others since. But it retained its popular traction. The other gem of the late colonial age was Stephenson Percy Smith's notion of a mighty canoe migration from Hawaiki, each great vessel apparently bearing the ancestors of the iwi found by 19th-century settlers. Colenso knew about those stories in 1868, dismissing them as a "mythic rhapsody". They didn't add up between iwi, for a start. But as the 19th century drew to a close, Smith revived the idea and turned it into a grand structure. Hawaiki was accepted as a mythic, the canoes literally true. Ad Feedback It has always seemed to me that the reasons for this misconception gaining ground just then had more to do with Pakeha society than Maori reality. The myth of grand migration keyed into the Pakeha view of themselves as heroic pioneers. Naturally the indigenous people also needed to be heroic, thus elevating the settlers. The idea got into the School Journal in the early 20th century, and children were still being taught these things as if true in the 1960s. If we look back from today's perspective, it is hard to see the great canoe migration as anything other than a thorough Europeanisation of Maori legends. A more scientific picture emerged during the last half of the 20th century, but it took years to dig up all the clues, years to refine the analytical techniques. Theories were proposed, other ideas dismissed. Initial carbon-14 dating created the idea Maori may have arrived in New Zealand as early as the first or second century AD. This gained popular credibility on the back of the late 20th-century


Twenty years after the NFL began formally to review effects of injuries from repetitive play-related head blows e.g. CTE in NFL players, researchers in 2015 announced they had found CTE in what percentage of deceased NFL players examined?

Nfl Concussion Suit - Documents Documents Share Nfl Concussion Suit Embed
  Nfl Concussion Suit
 size(px) Description Text Case 2:12-cv-03224-AB Document 1 Filed 06/07/12 Page 1 of 70 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA IN RE: NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE PLAYERS’ CONCUSSION INJURY LITIGATION : : : : : : THIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO: : Easterling v. NFL, No. 11-cv-5209 : Jacobs v. NFL, No. 12-cv-1035 : Rucker v. NFL, No. 12-cv-1036 : Solt v. NFL, No. 12-cv-0262 : Glover v. NFL, No. 12-cv-0287 : Wooden v. NFL, No. 12-cv-1037 : Hughes v. NFL, No. 12-cv-1423 : LeMaster v. NFL, No. 12-cv-2464 : Brooks v. NFL, No. 12-cv-2505 : Jackson v. NFL, No. 12-cv-2799 : Granger v. NFL, No. __-cv-____ : (transferred; no case # yet assigned) : : : Gerald Allen, Joseph Kowalewski, : David Little, Shawn Wooden, and : Ron Fellows, : on behalf of themselves and : others similarly situated, : Plaintiffs, : : v. : : National Football League and : NFL Properties, LLC, : Defendants. : No. 2:12-md-02323-AB MDL No. 2323 MASTER ADMINISTRATIVE CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT FOR MEDICAL MONITORING ORIGINAL CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT CIVIL ACTION NO: _______ PLAINTIFFS’ MASTER ADMINISTRATIVE CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT FOR MEDICAL MONITORING AND ORIGINAL CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT FOR PLAINTIFFS ALLEN, KOWALEWSKI, LITTLE, WOODEN & FELLOWS  Case 2:12-cv-03224-AB Document 1 Filed 06/07/12 Page 2 of 70 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 JURISDICTION AND VENUE ......................................................................................................... 1 THE PARTIES.................................................................................................................................... 1 CLASS ACTION ALLEGATIONS ................................................................................................... 4 FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS ............................................................................................................. 6 The NFL’s Fraudulent Concealment and Negligent Misrepresentations Related to The Risk of Repeated Traumatic Head Impacts and Brain Injury ................................ 6 The NFL’s Influence ....................................................................................................................... 7 The NFL Has Mythologized Violence Through the Media. ........................................................... 7 The NFL Markets and Glorifies Football’s Violence Through NFL Films. .................................. 8 Head Injuries, Concussions, and Neurological Damage............................................................... 11 The NFL Was in a Superior Position of Knowledge and Authority, and Owed a Duty to the Class ..................................................................................... 13 The NFL Knew the Dangers and Risks Associated with Reptitive Head Impacts and Concussions .................................................................................................................................. 20 The NFL Voluntarily Undertook the Responsibility of Studying Head Impacts in Football, Yet Fraudulently Concealed Their Long-Term Effects ..................... 29 The Congressional Inquiry and the NFL’s Acknowledgment of the Concussion Crisis .............. 42 The NFL’s New Committee ......................................................................................................... 46 Scientific and Medical Evidence Regarding the Need for Medical Monitoring and the Availability of Specific Medical Tests and Protocols fo