"Who married Taylor Hackford (the director of ""White Nights"", in which she appeared), her partner since 1986, on 31 December 1997?"

Helen Mirren and Taylor Hackford - Marriage Profile Helen Mirren and Taylor Hackford Helen Mirren and Taylor Hackford A Scottish Wedding Helen Mirren and Taylor Hackford at the 79th Academy Awards Governors Ball.  ©, A.M.P.A.S. Used by Permission - All Rights Reserved. Share By Sheri Stritof After saying for years that she would not marry, once Helen Mirren married Taylor Hackford, she was very pleased with her decision. Here's information about their Scottish wedding, and more. Born: Helen Mirren aka Ilyena Vasilievna Mironov / Ilyena Lydia Mironoff: Born July 26, 1945 near London, England. Taylor Edwin Hackford: December 31, 1944 in Santa Barbara, California. Although some sources give his birth date as December 3, 1944, the California Birth index, 1905-1995 lists Taylor as being born on the 31st. How Taylor and Helen Met: Helen and Taylor met when Taylor was directing her in White Nights. Their first meeting did not go well. "He kept her waiting to audition for White Nights, and she was icy. “It was a strange way to meet Helen, because she is a lovely person,” says Hackford, “but she didn’t hold back her fury.” Obviously their relationship improved once they were working together, and they discovered they shared a working-class background, a love of adventure travel, and a dedication to telling thrilling stories on film." continue reading below our video 5 Ways You Can Tell It is Love Wedding Date: Having been together since 1986, on Taylor's 53rd birthday, he and Helen were married on December 31, 1997 in Scotland at Ardersier Parish Church near Inverness. Helen wore a white embroidered dress. Taylor wore a traditional Scottish kilt. The ceremony was conducted by the Rev. Alex Whiteford. their reception for their small gathering of around 40 locals, and family and friends was held at the Castle Stuart. Children: Helen has not had any children of her own and has stated that she has no regrets. She has plenty of children to love in her family including Taylor's sons, and the children of her siblings. Taylor has two sons. Rio Del Valle Hackford: Born June 28, 1970 in Los Angeles County, California. Rio is an actor and has owned several clubs. Alexander Hackford: Occupations: Helen: Actress, producer, director. In 2/07 Helen won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Queen. Taylor: Director, actor, producer, editor, and writer. Previous Marriages: Taylor has two previous marriages. Lynne Littman: Born on June 16, 1941 in New York, New York. Lynne is a director, producer, and writer. Taylor and Lynne married on May 7, 1977. Their marriage ended in divorce. Unknown: Residences: Taylor and Helen have lived in a hacienda in the Hollywood Hills since 1986. They also own a Georgian-styled home in Wapping in East London and a home in the south of France. Quotes About Marriage and Helen Mirren: Helen about Taylor: “I have to say that the thing I loved most about Taylor was his absolute, total commitment to his children." Source: AARPMagazine.org Helen on why she had not married: "I might get married, but it would be a backward step. The reason I never wanted to marry is because I've never wanted to be divorced ... All my life I hated the idea of getting married. I thought it would always be a massive mistake for me. Then one day almost exactly a year ago I just felt it would be the right thing for me to do. I had been with Taylor for 15 years. He'd given me respect and loyalty and I trusted him 100% but still I was terrified it would change our relationship. I told him I would marry him on the condition that nothing would change. But when I woke up on the morning after the wedding I realized everything had changed and I loved it. I felt totally and utterly different. I was his wife and he was my husband and it was such an enormous thing to me. It was wonderful. Even after almost a year I still feel a shiver when I hear him say 'my wife' and I get this enormous sense of pleasure when I say 'my husband'." Source: HelenMirren.com Helen on being married: “I still sort of don’t believe in marriage, but that’s n


"The exterior of which real Boston pub was used in the TV programme ""Cheers"" in the 1980s?"

Cheers Bar in Boston MA   Cheers = Bull & Finch Pub The bar called Cheers in Boston , Massachusetts, is actually the Bull & Finch Pub in the basement       of the upscale Hampshire House restaurant on Beacon Street just off Boston Common , facing Boston's famous Public Garden . The bar was chosen as the fictional setting      for Cheers , the      popular American situation-comedy television      series broadcast from 1982 to 1993. With Sam, Woody and Diane or Rebecca behind      the bar, Norm and Cliff as      fixtures at the far end, Lilith and Frasier drifting      in for a sharp-edged verbal duel, and acid-tongued Carla making      sure patrons know their place, the TV show      was an incredible worldwide success. Cheers started      its eleven-year run with audience      ratings so low that it was nearly cancelled      in its first season. Instead, it ran from      1982 to 1993, and its 273 episodes are still      regularly broadcast around the world, translated      into dozens of languages. Visiting Cheers So an awful lot of people who come to New England want to visit Cheers in Boston . It's      easy to visit: the Hampshire House and its basement bar      are at 84 Beacon Street, corner of Brimmer      Street, on the north side of the Public      Garden ( map ). You'll hear accents from all over the USA      and indeed languages from around the world. That's fine. It's fun! But keep in mind      that: —The only part that the actual bar      played in the series was as a fictional      setting:      the opening scene in each episode shows the      building's exterior, but... —The series was not filmed at Cheers Bar in Boston, but on       a set in a TV studio in Los Angeles. The      crowded, cramped interior of the actual Boston bar      looks nothing like the spacious LA set. —None of the actors will be there      when you visit. Nobody Knows Your Name... In fact, ironically, today's Cheers Bar is      really the place "where nobody knows      your name" because the clientele      is mostly tourists and other one-time visitors, not      local regulars. As a world-famous tourist site, expect higher      prices than at comparable, less-famous taverns      in Boston. On my last visit, the service at Cheers was polite, friendly and efficient, the frosted mug      of draft beer refreshing, but the fried clam      plate lukewarm, mediocre and expensive. It      was a busy Sunday in August and no doubt      the kitchen staff was overworked, but I would      have been better off with just the drink. Come to think of it, how many times do you      see the regulars in Cheers, the TV series, dining at the bar? In any case, the food is probably      better when the bar is less busy, which is...when? Maybe never...


What sport is played by two teams of players in a space 60 feet by 40 feet?

volleyball | sport | Britannica.com Volleyball boxing Volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which the players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch the court within the opponents’ playing area before it can be returned. To prevent this a player on the opposing team bats the ball up and toward a teammate before it touches the court surface—that teammate may then volley it back across the net or bat it to a third teammate who volleys it across the net. A team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it must be returned over the net. Gilberto Godoy Filho of Brazil serving the ball at an indoor volleyball match in 2006. Michael Caronna—Reuters /Landov History Volleggyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke , Massachusetts. It was designed as an indoor sport for businessmen who found the new game of basketball too vigorous. Morgan called the sport “mintonette,” until a professor from Springfield College in Massachusetts noted the volleying nature of play and proposed the name of “volleyball.” The original rules were written by Morgan and printed in the first edition of the Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America (1897). The game soon proved to have wide appeal for both sexes in schools, playgrounds, the armed forces, and other organizations in the United States , and it was subsequently introduced to other countries. In 1916 rules were issued jointly by the YMCA and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The first nationwide tournament in the United States was conducted by the National YMCA Physical Education Committee in New York City in 1922. The United States Volleyball Association (USVBA) was formed in 1928 and recognized as the rules-making, governing body in the United States. From 1928 the USVBA—now known as USA Volleyball (USAV)—has conducted annual national men’s and senior men’s (age 35 and older) volleyball championships, except during 1944 and 1945. Its women’s division was started in 1949, and a senior women’s division (age 30 and older) was added in 1977. Other national events in the United States are conducted by member groups of the USAV such as the YMCA and the NCAA. Similar Topics ice hockey Volleyball was introduced into Europe by American troops during World War I , when national organizations were formed. The Fédération Internationale de Volley Ball (FIVB) was organized in Paris in 1947 and moved to Lausanne , Switzerland , in 1984. The USVBA was one of the 13 charter members of the FIVB, whose membership grew to more than 210 member countries by the late 20th century. International volleyball competition began in 1913 with the first Far East Games, in Manila . During the early 1900s and continuing until after World War II , volleyball in Asia was played on a larger court, with a lower net, and nine players on a team. The FIVB-sponsored world volleyball championships (for men only in 1949; for both men and women in 1952 and succeeding years) led to acceptance of standardized playing rules and officiating. Volleyball became an Olympic sport for both men and women at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo. European championships were long dominated by Czechoslovakian, Hungarian, Polish, Bulgarian, Romanian, and Soviet (later, Russian) teams. At the world and Olympic level, Soviet teams have won more titles, both men’s and women’s, than those of any other nation. Their success was attributed to widespread grassroots interest and well-organized play and instruction at all levels of skill. A highly publicized Japanese women’s team, Olympic champions in 1964, reflected the interest of private industry in sport. Young women working for the sponsoring company devoted their free time to conditioning, team practice, and competition under expert and demanding coaching. Encouraged by the Japanese Volleyball Association, this women’s team made its mark in international co


What device measures its the proper acceleration relative to freefall, and is increasingly used in portable electronic devices and video game controllers to detect the orientation of the device or provide game input?

Accelerometers | Compare, Review, Quotes (RFQ) from Accelerometers Manufacturers, Suppliers RSS An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration, the acceleration experienced relative to freefall. Single- and multi-axis models are available to detect magnitude and direction of the acceleration as a vector quantity, and can be used to sense orientation, vibration and shock. Micromachined accelerometers are increasingly present in portable electronic devices and video game controllers, to detect the orientation of the device or provide for game input.


In Greek mythology, which horned and hoofed being was the god of shepherds, pastures, and fertility?

1000+ images about Pan Greek god on Pinterest | Statue of, Nature and The wild Forward Faunus was the Greek God PAN - the god of shepherds and flocks, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music. He wandered the hills and mountains of Arkadia playing his pan-pipes and chasing Nymphs. His unseen presence aroused feelings of panic in men passing through the remote, lonely places of the wilds. The god was a lover of nymphs, who commonly fled from his advances. Syrinx ran and was transformed into a clump of reeds, out of which the god crafted his famous pan-pipes. See More


Robert Hooke's microscope discoveries - Hooke's Macrographia Microscope history: Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703) The Englishman Robert Hooke (18th July 1635 - 3rd March 1703) was an architect, natural philosopher and brilliant scientist, best known for his law of elasticity (Hooke's law), his book Micrographia, published in 1665 and for first applying the word "cell" to describe the basic unit of life. It is also less well known that there is substantial evidence that Hooke developed the spring watch escapement, independently of and some fifteen years before Huygens, who is credited for this invention. Hooke also is recognised for his work on gravity, and his work as an architect and surveyor. Hooke's Micrographia Here, we focus on his pioneering work using the microscope to document observations of a variety of samples in his book Micrographia, published in September 1665. Hooke began his famed career by initially studying at Wadham College, Oxford, where he worked closely under John Wilkins with other contemporaries, including Thomas Willis and Robert Boyle, for whom he built the vacuum pumps used in Boyle's gas law experiments. He also built some of the earliest telescopes, observing the rotations of Mars and Jupiter, and, based on his observations of fossils, was an early proponent of biological evolution. If that wasn't enough, he investigated the phenomenon of refraction, deducing the wave theory of light, and was the first to suggest that matter expands when heated and that air is made of small particles separated by relatively large distances, yet curiously Robert Hooke is somewhat overlooked in his contributions to science, perhaps as there were many people who wrote of Hooke as a difficult personality, being described as of "cynical temperament" and of "caustic tongue". There were also disputes with fellow scientists, including disputes with Isaac Newton over credit for work on gravitation and the planets. Though it must be remembered that Hooke lived at a time of immense scientific progress and discovery and none of the above diminish Hooke's inventiveness, his remarkable experimental facility, and his capacity for hard work. In 1662 Hooke became Curator of Experiments of the Royal Society, meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating new experiments at the Society's weekly meetings. During this time, Hooke published the book Micrographia, an accurate and detailed record of his observations through his microscope (one of the best such microscopes of his time), illustrated with magnificent drawings. With it he observed organisms as diverse as insects, sponges, bryozoans, foraminifera, and bird feathers. Robert Hooke's microscope Perhaps his most famous observations were in his study of thin slices of cork, describing the pores, or "cells" he viewed. Hooke had discovered plant cells, or more precisely, Hooke had been viewing the cell walls in cork tissue. In fact, it was Hooke who coined the term "cells": the boxlike cells of cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery. Hooke also reported seeing similar structures in wood and in other plants. Hooke also famously described a fly's eye. The extract below from Micrographia demonstrates Hooke's perspective on how the microscope is utilised to enhance the senses... "In the collection of most of which I made use of microscopes and some other glasses and instruments that improve the senses... only to promote the use of mechanical helps for the Senses, both in the surveying the already visible World, and for the discovery of many others hitherto unknown" - Micrographia, by Robert Hooke (1665) In addition to Hooke's observations, Micrographia is known for its spectacular copperplate engravings of the miniature world, particularly its fold-out plates of insects. The engraving of the louse in particular folds out to four times the size of the book. Although the book is best known for demonstrating the power of the microscope, Micrographia also describes distant planetary bodies, the wave theory of light, the organic origin of fossils, and various other philosophical a


David LaChapelle is a leading figure in what activity?

LaChapelle Studio - News LaChapelle Studio The South of Buenos Aires was a beacon of attraction in another edition of "Noche de los Museos" December 1, 2016 The spell was cast again: yesterday thousands of people shared in a collective tour of the city's museums and cultural institutions. In it's 13th year, the Night of Museums was again the perfect excuse to meet on the street and walk under the moonlight. This year the Buenos Aires Ministry of culture, which organizes the event, added new institutions to the line-up and invited audience members to visit the exhibition of Malevich's work at the Proa Foundation and to attend the opening of David LaChapelle's solo exhibition at Usina del Arte. Over 50,000 Attend Opening Weekend at Usina Del Arte November 18, 2016 Solo exhibition “David LaChapelle: Photographs 1984-2013”, opened on October 29th and was the most visited exhibition in the city of Buenos Aires with over 50,000 attendees on La Noche de Los Museos. On opening night David spoke with over 1000 visitors in the Maze Chamber at Usina del Arte, connecting with art lovers of all ages. The exhibition spans 30 years of his work and Usina del Arte --as a renovated electrical power plant-- is an exciting historic venue that compliments all the subject matter and most particularly David's commentary on environmental concerns. The exhibition runs through December 31.2016. Watch highlights from opening night: Lecture at US Embassy in Seoul, Korea November 19, 2016 In conjunction with the opening of his solo exhibition at Ara Modern Art Museum in Seoul, South Korea, David will be giving a special artist's lecture on November 19, 2016. The artist will share details of his background and career, his experience as a contemporary artist, and present some of his most iconic music videos & artwork. Hosted at the U.S. Embassy in Seoul, the talk is open and free to the public and will take place from 3-4:30pm. No RSVP or reservation needed. Inscape of Beauty: Solo Exhibition at ARA Modern Art Museum November 18, 2016 - February 26, 2017 David LaChapelle's work will be exhibited at Ara Modern Art Museum in Seoul, Korea. This expansive retrospective of LaChapelle's work will mark his third solo show in Korea and the first in the country since 2011 when LaChapelle's works showed at Seoul Arts Center Hangaram Design Museum. Titled 'Inscape of Beauty,' the exhibition features nearly 200 of the artist's works, showcasing the broad span of LaChapelle's art, ranging from early pieces to new series never before shown in Asia. The works will be shown at Ara Museum through February of 2017. LaChapelle Visión Creativa: Artist Lecture at Zoom in Project in Mexico November 5, 2016 LaChapelle will be the featured lecturer at this year's Zoom-In Project Conference in Mexico City, Mexico. The event will be held in the Universidad Centro on Saturday, November 5 at 6pm and is free to the public. In the talk, LaChapelle will explore his body of work and how photography and art influence and impact the world. La Nacion: La Noche de los Museos iluminó con arte el sur porteño October 30, 2016 A pocas cuadras, más cerca de Constitución, la Usina del Arte congregaba curiosos de todas las edades ansiosos por ver de cerca a la celebridad de la fotografía de moda, LaChapelle, que ayer inauguró la muestra Fotografías 1984-2013 con una charla abierta. Como el cupo de ingreso era limitado, debido a la capacidad de la sala, se entregaron dos entradas por persona desde una hora antes. Pero la gente que quería escuchar al fotógrafo se acercó a la Usina con anticipación para evitar quedarse sin ticket. Mapas y folletos en mano, los que llegaban desde Proa y Mamba se apuraban por recorrer la exhibición fotográfica con muchos de los retratos de estrellas como Michael Jackson, David Bowie, Cameron Díaz y Naomi Campbell. También, su trabajo más reciente y menos conocido como las series Earth Laughs in Flowers (2008-2011) y Land Scape (2013). Artist Lecture at AGADU: David LaChapelle Artist Talk AGADU in Montevideo, Uruguay October 24, 2016 AGADU has the privilege of p


Mickey Mantle was a star of which sport?

Mantle remembered as a star without equal or ego in 1995 - NY Daily News Mickey Mantle remembered as a star without equal or ego after his death in 1995 Mantle remembered as a star without equal or ego in 1995 NEW YORK DAILY NEWS NEW YORK DAILY NEWS Wednesday, August 12, 2015, 12:00 PM (Originally published by the Daily News on August 14, 1995. This was written by Bill Madden) He came to us carrying a straw suitcase and a couple of bats, this shy and scared country boy out of the mining country of Oklahoma. Mickey Mantle was pure hush puppies and hominy grits and about as far removed from the big city's neon and glitz as a rookie could possibly be. It is that Norman Rockwell image more than any other that came to mind yesterday morning after word came out of Baylor hospital in Dallas that Mantle was gone at age 63. From day one, he wasn't sure if he could even make it here, and every day after, right up until his dying day, he never understood the hold he had on this city . . . on all of America. In his own eyes, he was just a simple country boy who was blessed with the God-given ability of speed and power to hit a baseball great distances from both sides of the plate. From the day he stepped off a bus from Kansas City and into the major leagues, we knew Mickey Mantle was special. We knew the story of how his dad, Mutt, had named him after Mickey Cochrane, the great Athletics catcher of the '20s and '30s, and how the old man would come home from the mines in the late afternoons and teach him how to switch-hit. Mickey Mantle was a legend before his time, and I still remember the rush every time I got his baseball card. That forever-young image of Mantle, bat cocked, peering over his left shoulder on his 1953 card, is the way I will always choose to remember him. (New York Daily News) (New York Daily News) The shrunken and weak Mantle at Baylor the last time I was in his presence has been erased from memory, as has the jaundiced Mick I hung out with those few days at his fantasy camp in Fort Lauderdale last October. His last October. He told me he was really not feeling well, but then we got into his memories and he was the boy out of 1950s Oklahoma again, in his eyes and mine. He said: "I guess we're all boys at heart no matter how old or broken down we get. Once this game gets a hold on you, it never lets go." He might as well have been talking about himself because whether you were a Yankees fan or not in the '50s and '60s, Mantle got a hold on you early and never let go. He was The Natural of whom Casey Stengel once said: "Here's a boy who can bunt and run down to first base, and if he bunts 10 times he'll reach first five times, and that's a .500 average. And if he hits, he'll hit as many home runs as he would anyway because there isn't anyone in the world [who] can catch a ball in the upper stands." He hit home runs farther than anyone in history, off the upper-deck facade in the old Yankee Stadium in 1963; 565 feet into a parking lot beyond the fence of Washington's old Griffith Stadium in 1953; 530 feet over the scoreboard above the left-field bleachers of Sportsman's Park in St. Louis in 1953 . . . and on and on, higher and higher, farther and farther. "Whenever someone blasts a long one," Tony Kubek said, "veteran people will say it wasn't like the one Mantle hit, and they'll be right." It was only in his retirement years that I really got to know him and understand why he was so beloved and revered by his teammates. Even though he had always been the one on whom they placed the expectations of breaking Babe Ruth's record of 60 homers in a season, he was the gracious and supporting teammate to Roger Maris in 1961. You would ask Mantle what mattered most to him about his career and his answer would be: "Just being a good teammate." Former New York Yankee slugger Mickey Mantle died August 13, 1995, following a battle with cancer. Mantle is shown in fielding form at age 15 (circa-1950). (Reuter) It was Kubek again who probably best described the essence of Mantle yesterday in comparing him with Joe DiMaggio. "People


Traditionally, a magician pulls what out of a hat?

Breaking the Magician's Code - Hare from empty hat (Rabbit) - YouTube Breaking the Magician's Code - Hare from empty hat (Rabbit) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Aug 3, 2009 The masked magician reveals how pull a rabit/hare from an empty hat. He shows the hat is empty then pulls a rabit out of it! Then after he shows it, he reaveals it! Category


Fashion designer Ozwald Boateng specialises in what?

Ozwald Boateng - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD Ozwald Boateng A word from the EIC Partnerships / Cooperations Become a fashion editor on FMD Content / Usage Questions Why am I listed on FMD? How can I submit content? Credifair (credit for your work) DMCA + Content MGMT the pure fashion news agency January 17th ASAP Rocky and Boy George Star in Dior Homme's New Campaign Irina Shayk Lands Two Vogue Brazil Covers Weekly News roundup: Jan 9 - Jan 13 Meet Ify Jones, our January 2017 Model of the Month UK About Tagged as one of London's freshest creative fashion forces, this Anglo-African began his career as a tailor but began showing his wares in runway collections in the mid-1990s. Boateng was born in 1968, in London, England. His parents were originally from Ghana, and came to London in 1950s. The family, which included Boateng's two older siblings, lived in the Muswell Hill area of north London, but his parents divorced when Boateng was eight. In Ghana his mother had worked in the fabric business, and took in custom work as a seamstress in England. Boateng recalled that as a five-year-old, his mother made him a purple mohair suit that quickly became his favorite outfit. His father, once headmaster of a school in Ghana, was a strict but not authoritarian parent. At the age of 16, Boateng began dating a girl he met at a London technical college, where he was studying computer science at the time. She showed him how to make clothes and Boateng soon began making clothes for himself. Soon Boateng had switched his major to fashion design at Southgate College, and he began working out of a studio in London's East End and selling his wares. He found the program at Southgate difficult at times. By the time he was 18, Boateng's clothes were selling at stores in the King's Road section of Chelsea, and in 1993 he opened a store on another trendy street, Portobello Road. He found his true calling, however, when he began haunting the austere but pricey tailor shops of London's Savile Row, where British kings and prime ministers, international heads of state, and wealthy men with impeccable taste in clothes had been having suits custom-made for generations. Switching the focus of his business to making custom, or bespoke suits for men, Boateng attracted notice when he became one of the first-ever British tailors to stage a fashion show. Referring to the 1994 London show, but the publicity helped him find a backer for a ready-to-wear line and to open a more formal retail venture, a store just off the famed Savile Row, on Vigo Street, in 1995. Soon his ready-to-wear line was selling at Saks Fifth Avenue and Barneys New York in the United States. Between 1996 and 1997, Boateng's sales soared 150 percent worldwide, and he was even invited to dine at No. 10 Downing Street, the residence of Britain's Prime Minister, Tony Blair. In early 1998, however, a looming financial crisis in Asia caused two large orders from Hong Kong and Japan to be cancelled, and Boateng lost his backer. His ready-to-wear business went into receivership in the spring of 1998, but he saved it by entering into a deal with a British department store chain, Debenham's, to design a moderately priced line of men's clothing. In 1999 Boateng suffered another setback when his entire collection was stolen, and in 2001 found himself in an unusual battle with Sean "P.Diddy" Combs over scheduling concerns at the New York spring menswear collection shows. Boateng's Bryant Park event was scheduled for 7 p.m., while Combs's "Sean Jean" line was going to be shown at 8 p.m. Combs's representatives, however, overwhelmed by the media attention surrounding the rap mogul, asked that all invitees be seated by 7 p.m.--which meant that many important buyers and tastemakers would miss Boateng's collection. Representatives from both sides met, and peace was made. Despite such flamboyant wares, Boateng remained an accepted presence among the more staid Savile Row tailors. When his store opened, many brought him welcome gifts. The Look British menswear designer Ozwald Boateng has been cal


In English mythology, who were Galligantus and Bunderbore?

English folklore - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Culture of England Did you know ... Encyclopedia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia English folklore is the folk tradition which has developed in England over a number of centuries. Some stories can be traced back to their roots, while the origin of others is uncertain or disputed. England abounds with folklore, in all forms, from such obvious manifestations as the traditional Robin Hood tales, the Brythonic -inspired Arthurian legend , to contemporary urban legends and facets of cryptozoology such as the Beast of Bodmin Moor . Morris dance and related practices such as the Abbots Bromley Horn Dance preserve old English folk traditions, as do Mummers Plays . Pub names may preserve folk traditions. Most folklore traditions are no longer widely believed. Whereas some traditions were once believed across the whole of England, most belong to specific regions: Contents Brutus of Troy , the legendary founder of London Clapham Wood , an area of strange activity Gog and Magog , legendary giants and guardians of the City of London Hengest and Horsa , legendary founders of Saxon England English folklore in other media English folklore crops up in books, films and comic books and these appearances include: Herne the Hunter and other references to English folklore and Arthurian legend can be found in Susan Cooper's books, The Dark Is Rising . The name Springheel Jack is used in the Bethesda Softworks game Oblivion in a Thieves Guild Quest Line* See also Opie, Iona, and Peter Opie , The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren, 1959 Opie, Iona, and Peter Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, (2nd edn) 1997 Opie, Iona, and Moira Tatem, A Dictionary of Superstitions, 1989 Paynter, William H. and Jason Semmens, The Cornish Witch-finder: William Henry Paynter and the Witcher, Ghosts, Charms and Folklore of Cornwall, 2008 Roud, Steve, The Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Great Britain and Ireland, 2004 Simpson, Jacqueline, and Steve Roud, A Dictionary of English Folklore, 2000 Vickery, Roy, A Dictionary of Plant Lore, 1995 Westwood, Jennifer, and Jacqueline Simpson, The Lore of the Land: A Guide to England's legends, 2005 External links Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales (1849) , by James Halliwell, a discussion on the origin of English folk tales and rhymes.


Which American singer, actress, songwriter and author who was born Cherilyn Sarkisian has won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award and three Golden Globe Awards?

Cher (Author of The First Time) edit data Cher (born Cherilyn Sarkisian, later adopted by Gilbert LaPierre,) is an American pop singer, actress, songwriter, film director, record producer and author. Among her many career accomplishments in music, television and film, she has won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award and three Golden Globe Awards among others. Cher first rose to prominence in 1965 as one half of the pop/rock duo Sonny & Cher. She also established herself as a solo recording artist, releasing 25 albums, contributing to numerous compilations, and tallying 34 Billboard Top 40 entries in the U.S. over her career, both solo and with Sonny. These include eighteen Top 10 singles and five number one singles. Cher has had 16 Top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart Cher (born Cherilyn Sarkisian, later adopted by Gilbert LaPierre,) is an American pop singer, actress, songwriter, film director, record producer and author. Among her many career accomplishments in music, television and film, she has won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award and three Golden Globe Awards among others. Cher first rose to prominence in 1965 as one half of the pop/rock duo Sonny & Cher. She also established herself as a solo recording artist, releasing 25 albums, contributing to numerous compilations, and tallying 34 Billboard Top 40 entries in the U.S. over her career, both solo and with Sonny. These include eighteen Top 10 singles and five number one singles. Cher has had 16 Top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart between 1965 and 2003, four of which reached number one. She became a television star in the 1970s and a film actress in the 1980s. In 1987, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the romantic comedy Moonstruck. With a career surpassing 40 years, Cher is an enduring pop icon and one of the most popular female artists in music history. Since her debut in 1964, Cher has sold over 200 million records worldwide as a solo artist[3] and 75 million more as half of the duo Sonny and Cher.


What branch of anthropology compares and analyses the origins, distribution, technology, religion, language, and social structure of the ethnic, racial, and/or national divisions of humanity?

What is Ethnology | Define Ethnology | Meaning of Ethnology | Definition of Ethnology | Academic Room Ethnology (from the Greek ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "people, nation, race") is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the origins, distribution, technology, religion, language, and social structure of the ethnic, racial, and/or national divisions of humanity. Scientific discipline Compared to ethnography, the study of single groups through direct contact with the culture, ethnology takes the research that ethnographers have compiled and then compares and contrasts different cultures. The term ethnology is credited to Adam Franz Kollár who used and defined it in his Historiae ivrisqve pvblici Regni Vngariae amoenitates published in Vienna in 1783. Kollár's interest in linguistic and cultural diversity was aroused by the situation in his native multi-lingual Kingdom of Hungary and his roots among its Slovaks, and by the shifts that began to emerge after the gradual retreat of the Ottoman Empire in the more distant Balkans. Among the goals of ethnology have been the reconstruction of human history, and the formulation of cultural invariants, such as the incest taboo and culture change, and the formulation of generalizations about "human nature", a concept which has been criticized since the 19th century by various philosophers (Hegel, Marx, structuralism, etc.). In some parts of the world ethnology has developed along independent paths of investigation and pedagogical doctrine, with cultural anthropology becoming dominant especially in the United States, and social anthropology in Great Britain. The distinction between the three terms is increasingly blurry. Ethnology has been considered an academic field since the late 18th century especially in Europe and is sometimes conceived of as any comparative study of human groups. The 15th century exploration of America by European explorers had an important role in formulating new notions of the Occidental, such as, the notion of the "Other". This term was used in conjunction with "savages", which was either seen as a brutal barbarian, or alternatively, as "noble savage". Thus, civilization was opposed in a dualist manner to barbary, a classic opposition constitutive of the even more commonly-shared ethnocentrism. The progress of ethnology, for example with Claude Lévi-Strauss's structural anthropology, led to the criticism of conceptions of a linear progress, or the pseudo-opposition between "societies with histories" and "societies without histories", judged too dependent on a limited view of history as constituted by accumulative growth. Lévi-Strauss often referred to Montaigne's essay on cannibalism as an early example of ethnology. Lévi-Strauss aimed, through a structural method, at discovering universal invariants in human society, chief among which he believed to be the incest taboo. However, the claims of such cultural universalism have been criticized by various 19th and 20th century social thinkers, including Marx, Nietzsche, Foucault, Derrida, Althusser and Deleuze. The French school of ethnology was particularly significant for the development of the discipline since the early 1950s with Marcel Griaule, Germaine Dieterlen, Claude Lévi-Strauss and Jean Rouch.


What island, 1 mile from Manhattan, which has been used by the army as an isolation centre for infectious diseases (such as typhoid and TB) and as a drug rehabiltation centre, is now deserted?

Crawford - Deadly Companions - How Microbes Shaped Our History (Oxford, 2007) by Alfredo Gonzalez G - issuu D e a d ly C o m pa n io n s This page intentionally left blank D e a d ly C o m pa n io n s How Microbes Shaped Our History D O R O T H Y H . C R AW F O R D 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universityâ€™s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland CapeTown Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York Ă&#x; Dorothy H. Crawford 2007 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc 978-0-19-280719-9 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Contents List of Figures and Tables Preface Acknowledgements Introduction vii ix xiii 1 1. How It All Began 9 figures 0.1 Relative sizes of organisms and their component parts xi 0.2 SARS in Hong Kong 4 1.1 Incidence of West Nile fever in the USA, 1999–2004 20 1.2 R 0: the basic reproductive number of an epidemic 22 2.1 Malaria parasite life cycle 39 3.1 Notification of measles cases in UK from 1963 to 1976 62 3.2 Drawings from the Ebers papyrus possibly depicting haematuria caused by schistosomiasis 70 3.3 An illustration of a penile sheath worn in Ancient Egypt, circa XIX Dynasty. 1350–1200bc 71 3.4 Schistosomiasis: transmission cycle of Schistosomiasis mansoni 73 4.1 Map showing the advance of the Black Death 87 4.2 Map of present day plague foci worldwide 93 5.1 Title page from Bartholomew Steber’s Syphilis, 1497 or 1498 126 5.2 Cholera: a map showing its pandemic spread, 1959–94 132 list of figures and tables 5.3 Cholera: the natural and epidemic cycles of Vibrio cholera 136 6.1 A section of a leaf showing the potato blight fungus growing and producing spores (Berkley 1846) 150 8.1 Population growth, 8000 bcâ€“ad 1974 185 8.2 MRSA in England and Wales, 1989â€“2004 196 8.3 Worldwide distribution of TB 200 8.4 Geographical distribution of malaria worldwide 203 8.5 The emergence of pandemic Xu virus strains after reassortment in a pig 206 tables 1.1 R 0 values for human and animal microbes 23 3.1 Examples of species domesticated in different areas of the world 57 8.1 A sample of human pathogens which have emerged since 1977 viii 187 Preface Microbes first appeared on planet Earth around 4 billion years ago and have coexisted with us ever since we evolved from our ape-like ancestors. By colonizing our bodies these tiny creatures profoundly influenced our evolution, and by causing epidemics that killed significant numbers of our predecessors they helped to shape our history. Through most of this coexistence our ancestors had no idea what caused these â€˜visita


Who designed both the obverse and reverse of the twenty-dollar gold coin, or double eagle, produced by the US Mint from 1907 to 1933?

Saint-Gaudens 1 oz Copper Round | SD Bullion Saint-Gaudens 1 oz Copper Round Saint-Gaudens 1 oz Copper Round Price × Protective Coin Flip | Double Sided | 1 oz A must for preservation and display, protect your precious metals with this individual double sided Vinyl Protective Sleeve. Perfect for coins sized 1 oz or smaller. Size: 2x2 These stunning copper bullion rounds are a rendition of a twenty-dollar gold coin, or double eagle, produced by the United States Mint from 1907 to 1933. The coin is named after its designer, the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, who designed the obverse and reverse. It is considered by many to be the most beautiful of U.S. coins. The obverse (front) depicts lady Liberty holding a torch in one hand and an olive branch in the other as she strides across a rocky outcrop. Behind her are the United States Capitol and the rays of the sun. The reverse (back) is a side view of a flying eagle, seen slightly from below, with a rising sun and its rays behind it. Thanks to the huge industrial demand, buying copper bullion is a stable and viable option for diversifying your investment portfolio. This beautiful, uncirculated round is freshly minted and struck in 1 ADVP oz of .999 fine copper bullion. Coins per tube: 20


Which 1942 film starring Tim Holt, Joseph Cotton, Ray Collins, Agnes Moorehead, Dolores Costello and Richard Bennett was adapted by Orson Welles from a novel by Booth Tarkington?

The Magnificent Ambersons (1942) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The spoiled young heir to the decaying Amberson fortune comes between his widowed mother and the man she has always loved. Directors: Booth Tarkington (from the novel by), Orson Welles (script writer) Stars: a list of 21 titles created 03 Dec 2010 a list of 30 titles created 15 Feb 2014 a list of 35 titles created 07 Oct 2014 a list of 44 titles created 26 Dec 2014 a list of 23 titles created 14 May 2015 Title: The Magnificent Ambersons (1942) 7.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     4     Oscars. Another    2 wins. See more awards  » Photos An investigator from the War Crimes Commission travels to Connecticut to find an infamous Nazi. Director: Orson Welles Fascinated by gorgeous Mrs. Bannister, seaman Michael O'Hara joins a bizarre yachting cruise, and ends up mired in a complex murder plot. Director: Orson Welles The Moorish general Othello is manipulated into thinking that his new wife Desdemona has been carrying on an affair with his lieutenant Michael Cassio when in reality it is all part of the scheme of a bitter ensign named Iago. Director: Orson Welles An American adventurer investigates the past of mysterious tycoon Arkadin...placing himself in grave danger. Director: Orson Welles In fog-dripping, barren and sometimes macabre settings, 11th-century Scottish nobleman Macbeth is led by an evil prophecy and his ruthless yet desirable wife to the treasonous act that ... See full summary  » Director: Orson Welles The career of Shakespeare's Sir John Falstaff as roistering companion to young Prince Hal, circa 1400-1413. Director: Orson Welles An unassuming office worker is arrested and stands trial, but he is never made aware of his charges. Director: Orson Welles A documentary about fraud and fakery. Director: Orson Welles A stark, perverse story of murder, kidnapping, and police corruption in a Mexican border town. Director: Orson Welles A trio of classy card sharps targets the socially awkward heir to brewery millions for his money, until one of them falls in love with him. Director: Preston Sturges A young woman discovers her visiting uncle may not be the man he seems to be. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A woman has two lovers. When one man finds out about the other, he acts as a villain and chases after the protagonist. Director: Orson Welles Edit Storyline The young, handsome, but somewhat wild Eugene Morgan wants to marry Isabel Amberson, daughter of a rich upper-class family, but she instead marries dull and steady Wilbur Minafer. Their only child, George, grows up a spoiled brat. Years later, Eugene comes back, now a mature widower and a successful automobile maker. After Wilbur dies, Eugene again asks Isabel to marry him, and she is receptive. But George resents the attentions paid to his mother, and he and his whacko aunt Fanny manage to sabotage the romance. A series of disasters befall the Ambersons and George, and he gets his come-uppance in the end. Written by John Oswalt <jao@jao.com> Real life screened more daringly than it's ever been before! See more  » Genres: 10 July 1942 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Der Glanz des Hauses Amberson See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia Tim Holt and Anne Baxter walk past a nickelodeon movie theater advertising a film starring Jack Holt , Tim's father. However, the scene takes place a considerable amount of time earlier than that in which Jack Holt began his career in silent films (1914). See more » Goofs In scene where Lucy and George say goodbye while walking down the street, Lucy's hair is pulled behind her neck. In closeup, as she watches George leave, her hair is in ringlets hanging in front of shoulders, then reverts to original ha


What is the Chinese name for the Yellow River?

Yellow River - Mother River of China with Length and History Info Yellow River Home / Yellow River / Yellow River Yellow River Known as the mother river by all the Chinese people, the 5,464-kilometer (about 3,395 miles) Yellow River is the second longest in China after the Yangtze River . The headwaters of this mighty river lie in Kunlun Mountains in northwestern Qinghai Province. It runs through nine provinces and autonomous regions on its way to the Bohai Sea. It is not exaggerating to say that this river is a melting port, because there are more than 30 branches and countless streams feeding it through its course. The vigorous upper reaches of the river starts in Qinghai Province to Hekouzhen in Inner Mongolia. This magnificent river flows quietly, like a shy girl in this section, irrigating the farmlands and nurturing the people. Its middle reaches ends at Taohuayu in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. Here the river splits the Loess Plateau in half, forming the longest continuous gorge in the whole drainage area of the river. The lower reaches ends in a delta on the Bohai Sea. It is agreed upon by almost all the Chinese people that the Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese civilization, the spiritual home of the Chinese people. It is the waters of the river and its spirit that nurture the whole Chinese nation. For thousands of years, this river has been admiring by literary giants, artists, as well as by the common people. The Yellow River is not just several letters, nor is it just the name of a yellow-ochre-colored river. It bears special significance: the symbol of the Chinese nation, the spirit of the Chinese people and more importantly, civilization itself. Neolithic (7,000 BC-3,700 BC), Bronze (3,700 BC-2,700 BC) and Iron Age Sites (770 BC), and so on can be found in the Yellow River's drainage basin, which had been the center of ancient Chinese culture since the Azilian (Middle Stone Age). Here, the story of three cultural heroes: Suiren-shi who taught the Chinese to make fire by drilling wood, Fu Hsi who was the inventor of hunting, trapping and fishing and Shennong-shi who invented agriculture, was spread. It was these three legendary individuals that began the development of civilization in the Yellow River basin. After that, many ancient Chinese emperors, like Emperor Qin Shi Huang , Genghis khan (1162-1227, grandfather of Kublai Khan who is the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)) pushed the Yellow River civilization to a wholly new level of refinement, grace and spirituality which drew the attention of the whole world. Rich cultural relics, history and gorgeous natural sceneries make the Yellow River a fine place to visit. Along the river, there are dozens of worthwhile attractions. They are stretching arms and waiting for your visiting!


How to Care for Green Seedless Thompson Grape Plants | Home Guides | SF Gate How to Care for Green Seedless Thompson Grape Plants How to Care for Green Seedless Thompson Grape Plants "Thompson Seedless" grapes always require a support structure. Like raising children, caring for "Thompson Seedless" grapes (Vitis vinifera "Thompson Seedless") is most difficult in the early years while you are getting them started right. The species, Vitis vinifera, is also known as the European grape; it was developed by the ancient Romans in their quest to make delicious wine. Today, "Thompson Seedless" grapes are used for wine, as table grapes and raisins. They grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 7 though 9 and are propagated by cuttings. Although they are commonly termed "green" grapes, "Thompson Seedless" are most delicious when they turn amber-golden in the fall. 1 Water the "Thompson Seedless" regularly during the vine's first growing season; keep the soil moist as the roots grow and establish. During the subsequent years, deep water the vines twice a month. Always water during extended hot, dry periods. 2 Prune the grapevine back in winter when it is dormant; January through March is the ideal period. Cane-prune each "Thompson Seedless" plant by removing all canes other than the two to four strongest new fruiting canes with a diameter of 3/8 to 5/8 inch. Generally, canes on the top of the vine are exposed to more light and will have more buds. Leave about 50 to 80 buds per plant. If late during the summer the vines appear too heavily hung with grape clusters, remove the smaller and weaker cluster to allow the remaining clusters to grow. 3 Broadcast 1/4 pound of a balanced fertilizer in a circle 4 feet from the vine base when the buds swell in the spring, beginning the second year. In subsequent years, use 1 pound of fertilizer eight feet from the base. Add organic compost around the trunk each year, making sure that it does not touch the vine. Things You Will Need Organic compost Tip Although grapes tolerate many soil types, they grow best in deep loamy or sandy soils with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. Proper drainage is, however, essential for the vine will die if their roots are constantly in water. Plant "Thompson Seedless" grape vines in full sun for sweet fruit. Prepare a support structure for your grapevine before you plant it, if possible. If your vine is already in place, set up a structure carefully so as not to damage its roots. Trellis or arbor structures work well for grapes, or plant the vine to trail along a fence. Keep in mind that Thompson seedless grapevines can grow to 25 feet. Warning Grapes from the home orchard will probably not be as big as commercially sold fruit. Growers use growth hormone gibberellic acid to plump up the crop, all the more reason to plant your own grapevines.


In central and northern Italy, the Guelphs, who supported the Pope, and Ghibellines, who supported the Holy Roman Emperor, became a metaphor for rivalry between individual families and cities. When was this?

Barbarian West, A History of   Please Help Keep        Us On the Web. We are a Non-Profit Organization and the cost        of continuing is becoming more than we can handle.  Therefore, we        are asking you to please donate anything you can to help keep us        on the web. A history of Europe from  the end of Imperial Rome to the Renaissance. The Barbarian West Edited By: Robert A. Guisepi   Throughout western Europe     and northern Africa, the political and cultural bonds of the Roman     Empire were gradually replaced by a multitude of successor states. In     486 the Salian chieftain Clovis defeated the last Roman governor in Gaul     and established a Frankish kingdom that included southwestern Germany.     Clovis and his successors, known as the Merovingian dynasty, succeeded     in uniting many Germanic tribes under one king. Following his conversion     to Christianity in about 500, Clovis formed a special relationship with     the bishop of Rome (later known as the pope). He forcibly converted his     subjects from the Arian form of Christianity to the Roman version. During the following century, many monasteries and churches     were built in the Merovingian kingdom, usually sponsored by the king or     wealthy nobles. In     751 the Merovingian dynasty was overthrown by the Frankish noble Pepin     the Short. In order to boost his own claims to legitimate rule, Pepin     secured the endorsement of the kingdom�s bishops and the pope; this     was the beginning of a long tradition of church leaders conferring     kingship. The rule of Pepin�s son Charles had a major impact on German     and European history. Known as Charlemagne (Charles the Great), the     ambitious king expanded the Frankish kingdom to include large parts of     modern-day Germany and Italy during his long reign (768-814). He fought     the Slavs south of the Danube River, annexed Bavaria, and ferociously     subdued and converted the pagan Saxons in the northwest. Charlemagne was     received in Rome as the champion of Christianity and restorer of the     western empire. Just as importantly, he supported the papacy against     Rome�s restive populace. On Christmas Day in 800, he was crowned     emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III, thereby reviving the Roman     imperial tradition in the west as well as setting a precedent for     dependence of the emperors on papal approval. The     Carolingians   Charlemagne�s empire,     known as the Carolingian Empire, assumed many of the traditions and     social distinctions of the late Roman Empire, but it also introduced     some key innovations. Charlemagne persuaded Alcuin of York, considered     the greatest scholar of the day, to come to his palace at Aachen     (Aix-la-Chapelle) and establish a new school to train clerks and     scholars in classical Latin. The official language of the court and of     the church was Latin, but Franks in Gaul adopted the Latinate vernacular     that became French, while Franks and other Germanic tribes in the east     spoke various languages that were ancestors of modern German. Charlemagne     granted large landholdings, known as fiefs, to many tribal military     leaders, or dukes. In addition, he appointed numerous Frankish     aristocrats to the lesser posts of count (the head of a smaller district     called a county) and margrave (the count of a border province). These     aristocrats were kings in miniature, with all of the administrative,     judicial, and military authority of the emperor within their respective     districts. Each county had a parallel ecclesiastical, or church,     district, called a diocese, that was headed by a bishop with authority     in all church matters. Both counts and bishops were vassals of the     emperor, and were overseen by traveling representatives of the emperor,     known as missi dominici.


On the Jewish calendar, what is Rosh Hashanah?

Judaism 101: Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah Observances: Sounding the shofar (ram's horn trumpet) Length: 2 Days (Some: 1 Day) Customs: Dipping apples in honey; Casting off "sins" into a river Greeting: L'shanah tovah! (For a good year!) ...In the seventh month, on the first of the month, there shall be a sabbath for you, a remembrance with shofar blasts, a holy convocation. -Leviticus 16:24 Rosh Hashanah occurs on the first and second days of Tishri . In Hebrew, Rosh Hashanah means, literally, "head of the year" or "first of the year." Rosh Hashanah is commonly known as the Jewish New Year. This name is somewhat deceptive, because there is little similarity between Rosh Hashanah, one of the holiest days of the year, and the American midnight drinking bash and daytime football game. There is, however, one important similarity between the Jewish New Year and the American one: Many Americans use the New Year as a time to plan a better life, making "resolutions." Likewise, the Jewish New Year is a time to begin introspection, looking back at the mistakes of the past year and planning the changes to make in the new year. More on this concept at Days of Awe . The name "Rosh Hashanah" is not used in the Bible to discuss this holiday. The Bible refers to the holiday as Yom Ha-Zikkaron (the day of remembrance) or Yom Teruah (the day of the sounding of the shofar). The holiday is instituted in Leviticus 23:24-25. The shofar is a ram's horn which is blown somewhat like a trumpet. One of the most important observances of this holiday is hearing the sounding of the shofar in the synagogue . A total of 100 notes are sounded each day. There are four different types of shofar notes: tekiah, a 3 second sustained note; shevarim, three 1-second notes rising in tone, teruah, a series of short, staccato notes extending over a period of about 3 seconds; and tekiah gedolah (literally, "big tekiah"), the final blast in a set, which lasts (I think) 10 seconds minimum. Click the shofar above to hear an approximation of the sound of Tekiah Shevarim-Teruah Tekiah. The Bible gives no specific reason for this practice. One that has been suggested is that the shofar's sound is a call to repentance. The shofar is not blown if the holiday falls on Shabbat . No work is permitted on Rosh Hashanah. Much of the day is spent in synagogue , where the regular daily liturgy is somewhat expanded. In fact, there is a special prayerbook called the machzor used for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur because of the extensive liturgical changes for these holidays. Another popular observance during this holiday is eating apples dipped in honey, a symbol of our wish for a sweet new year. This was the second Jewish religious practice I was ever exposed to (the first one: lighting Chanukkah candles), and I highly recommend it. It's yummy. We also dip bread in honey (instead of the usual practice of sprinkling salt on it) at this time of year for the same reason. Another popular practice of the holiday is Tashlikh ("casting off"). We walk to flowing water, such as a creek or river, on the afternoon of the first day and empty our pockets into the river, symbolically casting off our sins. Small pieces of bread are commonly put in the pocket to cast off. This practice is not discussed in the Bible, but is a long-standing custom. Tashlikh is normally observed on the afternoon of the first day, before afternoon services. When the first day occurs on Shabbat , many synagogues observe Tashlikh on Sunday afternoon, to avoid carrying (the bread) on Shabbat. Religious services for the holiday focus on the concept of G-d 's sovereignty. The common greeting at this time is L'shanah tovah ("for a good year"). This is a shortening of "L'shanah tovah tikatev v'taihatem" (or to women, "L'shanah tovah tikatevi v'taihatemi"), which means "May you be inscribed and sealed for a good year." More on that concept at Days of Awe . You may notice that the Bible speaks of Rosh Hashanah as occurring on the first day of the seventh month. The first month of the Jew


Tamerlane was a 14th-century conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia, founder of which empire?

Timur or Tamerlane - A Brief Biography Timur or Tamerlane By Kallie Szczepanski Updated April 24, 2016. Throughout history, few names have inspired such terror as "Tamerlane." That was not the Central Asian conqueror's actual name, though. More properly, he is known as Timur, from the Turkic word for "iron." Amir Timur is remembered as a vicious conqueror, who razed ancient cities to the ground and put entire populations to the sword. On the other hand, he is also known as a great patron of the arts, literature, and architecture. One of his signal achievements is his capital at the beautiful city of Samarkand, in modern-day Uzbekistan . A complicated man, Timur continues to fascinate us some six centuries after his death. Early Life: Timur was born in 1336, near the city of Kesh (now called Shahrisabz), about 50 miles south of the oasis of Samarkand, in Transoxiana. The child's father, Taragay, was the chief of the Barlas tribe. The Barlas were of mixed Mongolian and Turkic ancestry, descended from the hordes of Genghis Khan and the earlier inhabitants of Transoxiana. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know Unlike their nomadic ancestors, the Barlas were settled agriculturalists and traders. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Arabshah's 14th century biography, "Tamerlane or Timur: The Great Amir," states that Timur was descended from Genghis Khan on his mother's side; it is not entirely clear whether that is true. Disputed Causes of Timur's Lameness: The European versions of Timur's name - "Tamerlane" or "Tamberlane" - are based on the Turkic nickname Timur-i-leng, meaning "Timur the Lame." Timur's body was exhumed by a Russian team lead by archaeologist Mikhail Gerasimov in 1941, and they found evidence of two healed wounds on Timur's right leg. His right hand was also missing two fingers. The anti-Timurid author Arabshah says that Timur was shot with an arrow while stealing sheep. More likely, he was wounded in 1363 or 1364, while fighting as a mercenary for Sistan (southeastern Persia ) as stated by contemporary chroniclers Ruy Clavijo and Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi. Transoxiana's Political Situation: During Timur's youth, Transoxiana was riven by conflict between the local nomadic clans and the sedentary Chagatay Mongol khans who ruled them. The Chagatay had abandoned the mobile ways of Genghis Khan and their other ancestors, and taxed the people heavily in order to support their urban lifestyle. Naturally, this taxation angered their citizens. In 1347, a local amir named Kazgan seized power from the Chagatay ruler Borolday. Kazgan would rule until his assassination in 1358. After Kazgan's death, various warlords and religious leaders vied for power. Tughluk Timur, a Mongol warlord, emerged victorious in 1360. Young Timur Gains and Loses Power: Timur's uncle Hajji Beg led the Barlas at this time, but refused to submit to Tughluk Timur. The Hajji fled, and the new Mongol ruler decided to install the seemingly more pliable young Timur to rule in his stead. In fact, Timur was already plotting against the Mongols . He formed an alliance with the grandson of Kazgan, Amir Hussein, and married Hussein's sister Aljai Turkanaga. The Mongols soon caught on; Timur and Hussein were dethroned and forced to turn to banditry in order to survive. In 1362, the legend says, Timur's following was reduced to two: Aljai, and one other. They were even imprisoned in Persia for two months. Timur 's Conquests Begin: Timur's bravery and tactical skill made him a successful mercenary soldier in Persia, and he soon collected a large following. In 1364, Timur and Hussein banded together again and defeated Ilyas Khoja, the son of Tughluk Timur. By 1366, the two warlords controlled Transoxiana. Timur's wife died in 1370, freeing him to attack his erstwhile ally Hussein. Hussein was besieged and killed at Balkh, and Timur declared himself the sovereign of the whole region. Timur was not directly descended from Genghis Khan on his father's side, so he ruled as an amir (from the Arabic word for "prince"), rather than as khan


"What is known most usually in the UK as ""The Sport of Kings""?"

10 Very Strange British Traditions - Listverse 10 Very Strange British Traditions ChrisJB April 2, 2010 Britain has a long and varied past – it has been conquered repeatedly, it has conquered others, and it has colonized half the planet. Through its history, many strange traditions and festivals have arisen. This list looks at ten of the most unusual. 10 Gurning The Egremont Crab Fair – one of England’s weirder events – gets its name from crab apples rather than the marine variety. It started back in the 13th century when the Lord of the Manor gave away crab apples to the populace. In fact, to this day, the Parade of the Apple Cart, where apples are thrown into the crowds on the Main Street, is part of the fair. There are a host of other non-mechanized, traditional events – greasy pole climbing, a pipe smoking contests, a talent show, Cumberland wrestling, a hounds trail. But lets face it, the reason Egremont makes the news every year is the gurning competition. Home of the Gurning World Championships. Gurning, involves a rubber-faced skill that is totally bizarre and unique to this part of England. Contestants put their heads through horse collar or braffin while they create the ugliest, most grotesque faces they can manage. A certain amount of skill is involved but a lot of beer and a certain amount of toothlessness probably has an impact as well. Celebrities occasionally have a go and the national news usually features the winning gurners. If you are in Cumbria visiting the Lake District, nearby, in September, stop in at the Egremont Crab Fair. You won’t see anything like this anywhere else and you won’t soon forget it. 9 Cheese Rolling at Cooper’s Hill The Cooper’s Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake is an annual event held on the Spring Bank Holiday at Cooper’s Hill near Gloucester in the Cotswolds region of England It is traditionally by and for the people of Brockworth – the local village, but now people from all over the world take part. The event takes its name from the hill on which it occurs. The 2010 event has been cancelled due to safety concerns over the number of people visiting the event but it is hoped that it will be held on the late May Bank Holiday in 2011. Due to the steepness and uneven surface of the hill there are usually a number of injuries, ranging from sprained ankles to broken bones and concussion. Cooper’s Hill Cheese Rolling has been summarized as “twenty young men chase a cheese off a cliff and tumble 200 yards to the bottom, where they are scraped up by paramedics and packed off to hospital”. 8 Maypole Dancing Maypole dancing is a form of folk dance from western Europe, especially England, Sweden, Galicia, Portugal and Germany, with two distinctive traditions. In the most widespread, dancers perform circle dances around a tall pole which is decorated with garlands, painted stripes, flowers, flags and other emblems. In the second most common form, dancers dance in a circle each holding a colored ribbon attached to a much smaller pole; the ribbons are intertwined and plaited either on to the pole itself or into a web around the pole. The dancers may then retrace their steps exactly in order to unravel the ribbons. 7 Pearly King and Queen Pearly Kings and Queens, known as pearlies, are an organized charitable tradition of working class culture in London, England. The practice of wearing clothes decorated with pearl buttons originated in the 19th century. It is first associated with Henry Croft, an orphan street sweeper who collected money for charity. In 1911 an organized pearly society was formed in Finchley, north London. 6 Guy Fawkes Night Guy Fawkes Night (or “bonfire night”), held on 5 November in the United Kingdom and some parts of the Commonwealth, is a commemoration of the plot, during which an effigy of Fawkes is burned, often accompanied by a fireworks display. The word “guy”, meaning “man” or “person”, is derived from his name. Guy Fawkes (13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606), also known as Guido Fawkes, the name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish in the Low Countries, belonged to a


According to Charlotte Bront, who married Jane Eyre?

Charlotte Brontë Biography Charlotte Brontë Biography    Bookmark this page    Manage My Reading List At age twenty, Charlotte Brontë sent a sample of her poetry to England's Poet Laureate, Robert Southey. His comments urged her to abandon all literary pursuits: "Literature cannot be the business of a woman's life, and it ought not to be. The more she is engaged in her proper duties, the less leisure will she have for it, even as an accomplishment and a recreation." His response indicates the political difficulties women faced as they tried to enter the literary arena in Victorian England; domestic responsibilities were expected to require all their energy, leaving no time for creative pursuits. Despite a lack of support from the outside world, Charlotte Brontë found sufficient internal motivation and enthusiasm from her sisters to become a successful writer and balance her familial and creative needs. Born at Thornton, Yorkshire on April 21, 1816, Charlotte was the third child of Patrick Brontë and Maria Branwell. In 1820, her father received a curate post in Haworth, a remote town on the Yorkshire moors, where Charlotte spent most of her life. In 1821, Mrs. Brontë died from what was thought to be cancer. Charlotte and her four sisters, Maria, Elizabeth, Emily and Anne, and their brother, Branwell, were raised primarily by their unpleasant, maiden aunt, Elizabeth Branwell, who provided them with little supervision. Not only were the children free to roam the moors, but their father allowed them to read whatever interested them: Shakespeare, The Arabian Nights, Pilgrim's Progress, and the poems of Byron were some of their favorites. When a school for the daughters of poor clergymen opened at Cowan Bridge in 1824, Mr. Brontë decided to send his oldest four daughters there to receive a formal education. Most biographers argue that Charlotte's description of Lowood School in Jane Eyre accurately reflects the dismal conditions at this school. Charlotte's two oldest sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, died in 1824 of tuberculosis they contracted due to the poor management of the school. Following this tragedy, Patrick Brontë withdrew Charlotte and Emily from Cowan Bridge. Grieving over their sisters' deaths and searching for a way to alleviate their loneliness, the remaining four siblings began writing a series of stories, The Glass-Town, stimulated by a set of toy soldiers their father had given them. In these early writings, the children collaboratively created a complete imaginary world, a fictional West African empire they called Angria. Charlotte explained their interest in writing this way: "We were wholly dependent on ourselves and each other, on books and study, for the enjoyments and occupations of life. The highest stimulus, as well as the liveliest pleasure we had know from childhood upwards, lay in attempts at literary composition." Through her early twenties, Charlotte routinely revised and expanded pieces of the Angria story, developing several key characters and settings. While this writing helped Charlotte improve her literary style, the Angria adventures are fantastical, melodramatic, and repetitive, contrasting with Charlotte's more realistic adult fiction. After her father had a dangerous lung disorder, he decided once again that his daughters should receive an education so they would be assured of an income if he died. In 1831, Charlotte entered the Misses Wooler's school at Roe Head. Shy and solitary, Charlotte was not happy at school, but she still managed to win several academic awards and to make two lifelong friends: Mary Taylor and Ellen Nussey. Although she was offered a teaching job at Roe Head, Charlotte declined the position, choosing to return to Haworth instead. Perhaps bored with the solitary life at Haworth and looking for an active occupation in the world, Charlotte returned to Roe Head in 1835 as a governess. For her, governessing was akin to "slavery," because she felt temperamentally unsuited for it, and finally, following a near mental breakdown in 1838, she was forced to resign her position.


What is Mexico's largest commercial port?

Information about the most important ports in Mexico - Explorando Mexico Home > About Mexico > Economy of Mexico > The 10 Most Important Ports in Mexico The 10 Most Important Ports in Mexico Tweet Port of Ensenada; This port is located on Mexico’s northeast corner, in the estate of Baja California, 110 kilometers from the border between Mexico and the United States. It borders with the states of California, Arizona, Sonora and the Pacific Ocean. It is located in the Pacific Rim, the region with the world’s greatest dynamics in commercial exchange, with the opportunity to access the main purchase and production ports and centers, registering a connection with 64 ports in 28 countries. Outgoing exports from this port are mainly directed to China, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan and Indonesia in Asia; Costa Rica, Honduras and Chile in Central America; France, Italy and Spain in Europe; besides morocco and Algeria in Africa. Imports received at this port come from the same countries in addition to Nicaragua in Central America and New Zealand in Oceania. Asia is the continent it holds greatest dynamism with due to the commercial exchange of the manufacturing industry. With a radius of action of more than 1500 Km., the main highways connect the port to the cities of Tijuana, Tecate, Mexicali, Hermosillo, San Diego, Los Angeles, Tucson and Phoenix. This port has access to border crossings at Tijuana, Tecate, Mexicali, Nogales, Agua Prieta and Ciudad Juarez. This gives it access to the main highways and railroads of Mexico and the United States. Port of Ensenada’s zone of influence hosts more than 1,400 manufacturing plants and 1,114 producers established on national territory. Outstanding among the multiple activities of the Port of Ensenada is the industrial activity of containers and general freight, commercial fishing, cruise ships, sports fishing, shipyards and mineral handling. In 1602 Spanish conquerors named it “Ensenada de Todos los Santos” because they arrived at the port on the first of November. In 1877 it started to function as a port for commercial exchange. In 1919 it was granted a concession for the construction of a dock; during the 1920’s and 30’s, north American ships used the port of Ensenada to dodge the Prohibition Law. In 1976 it was ratified as a seaport. In 1991 container ships stopped arriving at Ensenada due to their new dimensions, so it began to develop as a tourism destination. In 1994 it began its modernization in order to adapt to the demands of international sea commerce. Port of Veracruz The port of Veracruz has been the scenario of some of the most important moments in Mexico’s history. During the Spanish conquest, it became the port of entry to the new world with the arrival of Hernán Cortés in the XVI century. During the Colonial era, Veracruz was a crucial point for the exchange of communication and commerce, besides its strategic location, it was also outstanding for its agriculture, livestock and textile industry wealth. In 1864, Veracruz was where the Archduke Maximilian of Hapsburg and the Empress Carlota arrived to establish the Second Empire, In 1900, there was a strike by textile workers, the movement that lead the way to the Mexican Revolution. In 1911, General Porfirio Diaz abandoned the country through the port of Veracruz after being overthrown by the revolutionary movement. The port of Veracruz is known as Three Times Heroic for the valor and patriotism with which it faced the occupation of military forces from United States in 1847 and 1914, plus the French invasion of 1862. The port has an extension of more than 600 hectares, on land and water, with 19 docking stations on nine docks with container, multiple uses, automobile, fluids, minerals and agricultural terminals. There is also a dock receiving cruise ships and another of PEMEX. The merchandise transferred at the port of Veracruz is for domestic use and exports to and from Florida, Europe and the north of Africa. Currently, this port is applying an expansion project with the investment of 2,311


"Sliced bread, advertised as ""the greatest forward step in the baking industry since bread was wrapped"", was first sold when?"

Sliced Bread: The History of How It Became 'The Best Thing' Jennie Hills—Science & Society Picture Library / Getty Images July 7, 1928: Sliced bread is sold for the first time When sliced bread hit the market, American consumers weren’t sure just how great it was. On this day, July 7, in 1928, a bakery in Chillicothe, Mo., was the first to sell pre-cut bread using Otto Frederick Rohwedder’s invention: the automatic bread-slicing machine. While an advertisement touted it as “the greatest forward step in the baking industry since bread was wrapped,” customers were wary. According to the author of Why Do Donuts Have Holes?: Fascinating Facts About What We Eat And Drink , the loaves failed to fly off the shelves, partly “because they were sloppy looking.” Aesthetics aside, sliced bread in the pre-preservative era also went stale faster than its intact counterpart. Rohwedder came up with a solution: U-shaped pins that held the loaf together, making it appear whole inside its packaging, according to the New York Times. Still, some people were bewildered by the concept itself, according to the Smithsonian Museum , where Rohwedder’s second bread slicer resides. (The first fell apart after six months of heavy use.) “The idea of sliced bread may be startling to some people,” a 1928 story in the Chillicothe newspaper acknowledged. “Certainly it represents a definite departure from the usual manner of supplying the consumer with baked loaves.” Another ad offered instructions for the confounded, per the Times: 1) “Open wrapper at one end,” 2) “Pull out pin,” 3) “Remove as many slices as desired.” But, after a few improvements to the slicing machine, loaves became less sloppy-looking and sliced bread earned its place in hearts and homes across the country. By World War II, Americans were so hooked on the convenience that its disappearance—a wartime conservation measure meant to save the hundred tons of steel that went into slicing machines each year—created a nationwide crisis. According to TIME’s 1943 account , the ban on sliced bread provoked as much ire as gas rationing did. Per TIME: U.S. housewives… vainly searched for grandmother’s serrated bread knife, routed sleepy husbands out of bed, held dawn conferences over bakery handouts which read like a golf lesson: “Keep your head down. Keep your eye on the loaf. And don’t bear down.” Then came grief, cussing, lopsided slices which even the toaster refused, often a mad dash to the corner bakery for rolls. In fact, the unpopular ban was lifted just two months after it went into effect. The New York Times heralded its removal with the headline, “Sliced Bread Put Back on Sale; Housewives’ Thumbs Safe Again.” It’s wasn’t long before Americans were using sliced bread as a point of comparison for greatness.


Salivary Glands Salivary Glands Salivary Glands Salivary glands produce saliva , which moistens the mouth to help a person chew and swallow food. Saliva also contains substances (enzymes) that begin the breakdown of food. There are four pairs of salivary glands: The parotid glands are located between the ear and the jaw. The submandibular glands are located under the jaw. The sublingual glands are located on the floor of the mouth under the tongue . The buccal glands are not shown in this picture. They are located in the mucous membrane lining the cheeks and mouth . These glands produce only a small amount of saliva. Credits Primary Medical ReviewerAdam Husney, MD - Family Medicine Specialist Medical ReviewerE. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine Current as ofAugust 21, 2015 WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.© 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. Top Picks


If you went due east of Rio De Janeiro, what country would you get to first?

Brazil travel guide - Wikitravel Understand[ edit ] Brazil was inhabited solely by indigenous people, mainly of the Tupi and Guarani ethnic groups. Settling by the Portuguese began late in the 16th century, with the extraction of valuable wood from the pau brasil tree, from which the country draws its name. Brazil was settled by the Portuguese and not the Spanish, as were the rest of Central, South and parts of North America in the New World. Despite Portuguese rule, in some parts of Brazil the Dutch founded colonies between 1630 and 1654. They founded several cities, such as Mauritsville (now Recife , capital of the state of Pernambuco , at the edge of North-East of the country), and many sugar cane plantations. The Dutch fought a grim jungle war with the Portuguese, and without the support of the Republic of their homeland due to a war with England, the Dutch surrendered to the Portuguese, though they did not officially recognize Portuguese rule, which led to an all-out war with Portugal off the coast of Portugal in 1656. In 1665 the Peace Treaty of The Hague was signed, Portugal lost its Asian colonies and had to pay 63 tons of gold to compensate the Dutch Republic for the loss of its colony. Brazil became the centre of the Portuguese Empire by 1808, when the King Dom João VI (John VI) fled from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the city of Rio de Janeiro . The following centuries saw further exploitation of the country's natural riches such as gold and rubber, alongside the rise of an economy based largely on sugar, coffee and African slave labour. Meanwhile, extermination and Christianizing of natives kept its pace, and in the 19th and 20th centuries a second wave of immigration took place, mainly Italian, German (in southern Brazil), Spanish, Japanese (in São Paulo and Paraná states) and Portuguese, making Brazilian culture and society complex and unique. Following three centuries under the rule of Portugal, Brazil became an independent nation on September 7th, 1822. Until 1889 Brazil was an Empire under the rule of Dom Pedro I and his son Dom Pedro II. By this time, it became an emerging international power. But during these three and a half centuries, Brazil was the nation in the Americas with the most widespread slavery, the first to bring African people to work by force, and the last to set them free. Due to English laws against slavery (some argue more for economic contests than humanity reasons) and fighting between white and black people, slaves and free, for abolition, slavery ended in 1888. But freedom didn't mean equality to the now-free black people and their descendants. By far the largest and most populous country in Latin America, it has also overcome more than two decades (1964-1985) of military dictatorship that imprisoned, exiled, tortured, and murdered potential opponents, most of them innocent civilians. These dark times are known as "Os Anos de Chumbo" (Years of Lead). Only recently, with the establishment of a National Truth Commission (2011), has the nation begun to face the human rights abuses that accompanied the U.S.-supported coup that overthrew democratically-elected João Goulart in 1964. Brazil has returned to democratic rule, while facing the challenge of keeping its industrial and agricultural growth and developing its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, Brazil is a Latin America economic power and a regional leader. Brazil has high rates of crime, income inequality and systemic, centuries-old corruption. Despite it the people try to remain happy and festive. Capoeiristas Porto Alegre Owing to Brazil’s continental dimensions, varied geography, history and people, the country’s culture is rich and diverse. It has huge regional variations (even among neighbouring States sometimes) and in spite of being mostly unified by a single language, some regions and States are so different from each other that they look like different countries altogether. Music plays an important part in Brazilian identity. Styles like cho


What name is given to a person or animal with a form of hypopigmentary congenital disorder, characterized by a lack of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin and hair?

Albino Alligator | S.O.M.F Albino Alligator Albino Animals, not as scary as you might think Given the millions of different shades of color that we see in nature, it’s no wonder that, once in a while, nature might simply run out of paint. Perhaps this is why pure-white animals leave such a strong impression on us. Some of them look like ghostly spirit animals. Others, like albino whales or moose, are lonely one-in-a-million albinos with striking, unexpected appearances. Albinism  (with its root in the Latin word albus, or white) is a form of hypopigmentary congenital disorder, characterized by a partial lack or total absence of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin and hair, or more rarely in the eyes alone. Due to this, animals (and humans too) with albinism are unusually pale. The eyes of an animal with albinism occasionally appear red because of the underlying retinal blood vessels showing through where there is not enough pigment to cover them. Some of the animals on this list are albinos, while others are simply members of rare white species. Whatever the case, mankind has been fascinated by such animals for ages. Some consider them to be sacred, and others – demonic. Whether you find them strange, beautiful, ghostly or freakish, we hope you enjoy this collection of animals that nature simply forgot to color in. 1. Albino Hedgehog


Who was the last monarch in the recent reunified kingdom of Italy?

The Monarchs and Presidents of Italy: From 1861 Until 2014 The Monarchs and Presidents of Italy: From 1861 Until 2014 Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters Thanks, You're in! Health Tip of the Day Recipe of the Day There was an error. Please try again. Please select a newsletter. Please enter a valid email address. Did you mean ? Reference and Reviews for European History - Reference and Reviews Updated February 21, 2016. After a protracted campaign of unification, which encompassed several decades and a series of conflicts, the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed on March 17th, 1861 by a parliament based in Turin. This new Italian monarchy lasted for less than ninety years, ousted by a referendum in 1946 when a slim majority voted for the creation of a Republic. The monarchy had been badly damaged by their association with Mussolini ’s fascists, and by failure in World War 2 . Not even a change of side could prevent the change to a republic. The dates given are the periods of said rule. Key Events in Italian History. 1.  1861 - 1878 King Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont was in prime position to act when a war between France and Austria opened the door for Italian unification, and thanks to a lot of people, including adventurers like Garibaldi, he became the first King of Italy. Victor expanded this success, finally making Rome the capital of the new state. continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States 2.  1878 - 1900 King Umberto I Umberto I’s reign began with a man who had shown coolness in battle and provided dynastic continuity with an heir. But Umberto allied Italy to Germany and Austria-Hungary in the Triple Alliance (although they would initially stay out of World War One ), oversaw a failure of colonial expansion, and culminated in unrest, martial law, and his own assassination. 3.  1900 - 1946 King Victor Emmanuel III Italy did not fare well in World War One, deciding to join in search of extra land and failing to make headway against Austria. But it’s Victor Emmanuel III’s decision to give into pressure and ask fascist leader Mussolini to form a government which began to destroy the monarchy. When the tide of World War 2 turned Emmanuel had Mussolini arrested, and the nation joined the allies, but the king could not escape disgrace and abdicated in 1946. 4.  1946 King Umberto II (Regent from 1944) Umberto II replaced his father in 1946, but Italy held a referendum the same year to decide on the future of their government, and twelve million people voted for a republic; ten million voted for the throne, but it was not enough.   5.  1946 - 1948 Enrico da Nicola (Provisional Head of State) With the vote passed to create a republic, a constituent assembly came into being to draw up the constitution and decide on the form of government. Enrico da Nicola was the provisional head of state, voted in by a large majority and re-elected after he’d resigned due to ill health; the new Italian Republic began on January 1st 1948. 6.  1948 - 1955 President Luigi Einaudi Before his career as a statesman Luigi Einaudi was an economist and academic, and after the Second World War he was first governor of the Bank it Italy, a minister, and the new Italian Republic’s first president.   7.  1955 - 1962 President Giovanni Gronchi After World War One a relatively young Giovanni Gronchi help establish the Popular Party in Italy, a Catholic focused political group. He retired from public life when Mussolini stamped the party down, but returned to politics in the freedom after World War 2, eventually becoming the second president. He refused to be a figurehead, drawing some criticism for ‘interfering’. 8.  1962 - 1964 President Antonio Segni Antonio Segni had been a member of the Popular Party before the fascist era, and he returned to politics in 1943 with the collapse of Mussolini’s government. He was soon a key member of the post-war government, and his qualifications in agriculture led to agrarian reform. In 1962 he was elected President, having twice been Prime Minister, but retired in 1964 on he


Pagliacci Synopsis - Leoncavallo's Famous Opera Pagliacci Synopsis Pagliacci Synopsis The Story of Leoncavallo's Famous Opera 1936: Steffi Duna (1913 - 1992) with Esmond Knight (1906 - 1987) in a scene from the film 'Pagliacci', a screen version of Leoncavallo's opera. Titled ‘A Clown Must Laugh' in the US, the film was directed by Karl Grune for Trafalgar Film Productions.  Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images Premiered: May 21, 1892 - Teatro Dal Verme, Milan Other Popular Opera Synopses: Leoncavallo's Pagliacci takes place in Calabria, Italy during the 1860s. The Story of Pagliacci Pagliacci, Prologue As the curtain rises, two mimes (Comedy and Tragedy) open a large trunk. Out of the trunk comes Tonio, the fool, dressed as Taddeo from the play, Commedia. Tonio addresses the audience to be mindful of the humanity of clowns, for they too, are real people who experience joy and sorrow. Pagliacci, ACT 1 Under the bright noon sun, an acting troupe arrives in a small town in Calabria. The villagers eagerly await for the actors to exit their carriages and cheer at the first signs of movement. Canio, along with his wife Nedda, and two other actors, Beppe and Tonio, finally exit their carts and greet the crowds. continue reading below our video Highest Paid Female Actors Ever Canio, head of the troupe, invites everyone to that night's show. In return, he and the cast are invited to the tavern for a few drinks. Canio and Beppe accept, but Tonio and Nedda decline. One of the villagers makes a joke that Tonio is only staying behind to seduce Nedda. All of a sudden, Canio becomes very serious and rebukes him. While his character, Pagliacci, in the play may act foolish, in real life, Canio is no fool. He will not stand idle while other men make passes at his wife. After the moment of tension passes, Canio and Beppe head to the tavern with the villagers. Nedda, wiping sweat from her brow, is alone and overwhelmed with concern that her husband will find out about her unfaithfulness. She has been having a secret affair for quite some time now. Her nerves are calmed by the sounds of a lovely song bird. She eventually joins the bird in song and and sings about her freedom. Taking notice of her solitude carefree spirit, Tonio takes the opportunity to confess his love for her. Thinking he is in character, she happily plays along until she realizes he is serious. Denying his advances, she picks up a nearby bullwhip and frightens him away. Moments later, her lover, Silvio arrives from the tavern where he left Canio and Beppe, who were still drinking. Silvio begs for her to elope with him after the night's performance. At first, Nedda refuses. But when, Silvio gets angry, she finally agrees to run away with him. Tonio, who has been eavesdropping the entire time, runs to the tavern to get Canio. When they return, Canio hears Nedda singing about her elopement and he chases her lover away. Canio, unable to see the man's face, demands to know the name of her lover, but Nedda refuses. He threatens her with a nearby dagger, but Beppe talks him out of it and suggests they get ready for the performance. Tonio tells Canio not to worry, for surely, her lover will be at the play. Canio, now alone, sings the opera's most famous aria, the melancholy "Vesti la giubba" (Put on your costume) - Watch a youtube video of Vesti la giubba . Pagliacci, ACT 2 Before the start of the play, Nedda dressed as her character, Colombina, takes money from the ticket buyers. The fervent crowd impatiently waits for the play to begin. The play nearly mirrors the real lives of the characters: Colombina's husband, Pagliacci, is away. Underneath her window, her lover Arlechino (played by Beppe) serenades her. During his song, Taddeo returns from the market and confesses his love to her. She laughs as she helps Arlechino in through the window. Arlechino shoos him away as the crowd laughs. Arlechino gives her a sleeping potion. He tells her to give it to Pagliacci that night so she can run away with him and elope. She happily agrees. They are interrupted by Taddeo when he bursts i