Representing about 100 million people and 40% of the population, which is the largest ethnic group of Indonesia?

Indonesia Population (2016) - World Population Review World Population Review Indonesia Population 2016 [[getCurrentPopulation()]] Indonesia is a sovereign archipelago in Southeast Asia and the fourth most populous country on earth after China, India, and the United States. Indonesia is made up of more than 17,000 islands with over 1.9 million square miles of land, which makes it the 15th largest country. Indonesia has a population estimated at 260 million in 2016, up from the 2015 estimate of 257 million. About 56.7% of Indonesia's population lives on Java, the most populous island. Indonesia Demographics Indonesia has more than 300 distinct ethnic and linguistic groups, although the largest and most dominant in terms of politics are the Javanese at over 40% of the population. Most Indonesians are descended from Austronesian-speaking people. Another major ethnic group are Melanesians who live on the eastern part of the country. Other major ethnic groups include: Sundanese (15.5%), Malay (2.27%), Madurese (3.03%), Batak (3.58%), Minankabau (2.73%), Betawi (2.88%), Bantenese (1.97%), Banjarese (1.74%), Balinese (1.67%), and Makasserese (1.13%).. Chinese Indonesians account for about 3% of the population but they are influential, controlling most of the country's wealth and commerce. There are more than 700 languages spoken in Indonesia. Indonesian, a form of Malay, is the official language and used mostly in education, media, commerce, and administration. Most people in Indonesia speak other languages as a primary language. Largest Cities in Indonesia According to the 2010 official population data, Indonesia has 11 cities with a population over 1 million, although estimates from 2014 show that there are now 14 cities that have populations that exceed 1 million. The 10 largest cities in Indonesia, with populations as of 2014, are: Jakarta (Jakarta Province): 10.135 million Surabaya (East Java): 2.843 million Bandung (West Java): 2.575 million Medan (North Sumatra): 2.497 million Bekasi(West Java): 2.51 million Semerang (Central Java): 2.067 million Tangerang (Banten): 2.001 million Depok (West Java): 1.869 million Palembang (South Sumatra): 1.561 million South Tanerand (Banten): 1.436 million Jakarta isn't just the most populous city in Indonesia; it's also the most populous in Southeast Asia and the 14th most populated city on earth. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabek, is the third largest in the world, and the metropolis's suburbs extend even further. The entire area has a population of over 30 million, which makes it one of the largest conurbations on earth. It's also one of the fastest-growing cities on earth, growing faster than Beijing and Bangkok, with a population density in the city proper of 15,342 people per square kilometer (39,740/square mile). Indonesia Population Growth Another interesting statistic involves the ages of the Indonesian population and although these figures date from the previous national census of 2000, they still tell an interesting story. Of the total 2000 population, 27.3% were aged between 0 and 14 years, 66.5% between 15 and 64, while just 6.1% of the population of Indonesia were aged over 65. Birth rate was healthy compared to the death rate too and based on a 2012 estimate, it’s believed that there are 17.76 births per 1,000 people compared to just 6.28 deaths. Add in a loss of 1.08 people to net migration and you have a total annual growth rate of 1.04%. That final figure of 1.04% may not seem like a lot but on a population of over 250 million, it leads to some significant increases. As the Jakarta Post reported in 2013, Indonesia's population has doubled within just 40 years from 119 million in 1971 to almost 240 million in 2010, based on figures from the Central Statistics Agency. In another 40 years, the country's population is expected to climb much higher. According to the Jakarta Post author, the high Muslim population in Indonesia is leading to a very high birth rate, which cannot be sustained. The article points out that Jakarta, Indonesia's largest city, i


Indonesia shares which island with Brunei and Malaysia?

Indonesia shares which island with Brunei and Malaysia: New Guinea; Borneo; Timor; or Java? View the step-by-step solution to: Indonesia shares which island with Brunei and Malaysia: New Guinea; Borneo; Timor; or Java? This question was answered on May 31, 2016. View the Answer Indonesia shares which island with Brunei and Malaysia: New Guinea; Borneo; Timor; or Java? ellenellis                                                   posted a question · May 31, 2016 at 7:30am Top Answer Here is the answer... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29839830) ]} rampsaud answered the question · May 31, 2016 at 7:31am Other Answers The answer to this question... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29839840) ]} The island is divided among three countries: Malaysia and Brunei in the north, and Indonesia to the south. Dr.Mitch May 31, 2016 at 7:33am {[ getNetScore(29839844) ]} Here is the solution... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29839845) ]} {[ getNetScore(29839993) ]} owala answered the question · May 31, 2016 at 7:45am The island is known as the Bruneo.It is known as the largest island in Asia.It si located  at geographic... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29840051) ]} ProfAndrianBen answered the question · May 31, 2016 at 7:49am Borneo island. This is how the third largest island is shared among... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29840058) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions 100-150 words reply We've discussed how European kingdoms were evolving into Nation-States as a result of the Reformation and the Renaissance. Do you think Recently Asked Questions Need a World History tutor? mathtutor1983 5 World History experts found online! Average reply time is                       less than an hour Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. - Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! - Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!


Kelut and Merapi are among famous Indonesian (what?) in the 'Circum-Pacific Belt' or 'Ring of Fire'?

Mount Kelud eruption: Why is Indonesia the hottest spot on the Ring of Fire? | The Independent Asia Mount Kelud eruption: Why is Indonesia the hottest spot on the Ring of Fire? The overnight eruption of Java island's Mount Kelud has triggered the evacuation of 100,000 people, but just what causes such volatile activity? Friday 14 February 2014 11:24 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Mount Kelud erupts, as seen from Anyar village in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia, Friday, 14 Feb 2014. AP Indonesia has experienced yet more volcanic activity as Mount Kelud erupted on Thursday, causing 100,000 to flee their homes and covering Java - the country’s most heavily populated island - in ash. But why is the region such a hotbed of volcanic activity? Indonesia has approximately 130 active volcanoes. Due to its population density and the fertile soils that volcanic slopes provide, hundreds of thousands of Indonesians live close to active volcanos. They have learnt to live with the rumblings and frequently ignore orders to leave. The huge archipelago sits between the most active seismic region in the world, the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur, and the Alpide Belt . The United States Geological Survey has described the region as among the most seismically active zones in the world. The Ring of Fire, or the circum-Pacific belt, is the world’s greatest earthquake belt, according to Live Science, because of fault lines running from Chile to Japan and Southeast Asia. These fault lines are breaks in the plates of the Earth’s crust and are where earthquakes are likely to occur. The Pacific Ring of Fire is also home to 453 volcanoes and more than half of the world’s active and dormant volcanoes are found here. Indonesia is located between the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian tectonic plates. When one of the plates moves, it causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and even tsunamis in Indonesia and the surrounding areas. In pictures: Mount Kelud - one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia erupts In pictures: Mount Kelud - one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia erupts 1/10 Indonesia A man wears a mask as he rides a becak, a kind of rickshaw, on a road covered with from Mount Kelud in Yogyakarta 2/10 Indonesia A man covered with ash from Mount Kelud is seen on his motorcycle in Yogyakarta 3/10 Indonesia Indonesian soldiers evacuate ash covered residents in Malang, East Java province moments after Mount Kelud, considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes on densely populated Java, erupted. Hundreds of thousands of Indonesians were ordered to evacuate and three international airports were closed after a volcano on the main island of Java erupted spectacularly, hurling red-hot ash and rocks 4/10 Indonesia Indonesian airport personnel inspect volcanic ash covered planes and the airport of Yogyakarta about 200 kilometers (124 miles) west of the Mount Kelud volcano in East Java province following its eruption 5/10 Indonesia The runway of Adi Sucipto International airport is covered with ash in Yogyakarta 6/10 Indonesia Indonesian workers cover the famous Borobudur temple to protect it from volcanic ash from the Mount Kelud volcano eruption in Magelang, Central Java 7/10 Indonesia A residential area is covered with ash from the Mount Kelud volcano, in Yogyakarta 8/10 Indonesia A housing complex is seen covered with ash from Mount Kelud, in Yogyakarta 9/10 Indonesia Indonesian students walk on a street covered with volcanic ash following an eruption of Mount Kelud, in Yogyakarta 10/10 Indonesia A women walks on a road covered with volcanic ash following an eruption of Mount Kelud, in Yogyakarta Katherine Cashman, a professor of Volcanology at Bristol University explained: "Indonesia lies on a subduction zone, where one plate dives under the other. Subduction causes big earth quakes and volcanoes. It’s also quite a complex set of subduction zones. "The earth is divided into plates, which are semi rigid, but they do move sometimes and interact with each other. Indone


According to biblical tradition what came to rest on the Mountains of Ararat, now in eastern Turkey?

1000+ images about NOAH'S ARK on Pinterest | Robert ballard, Underwater and Hieronymus bosch Forward A full-sized replica of the biblical Noah's Ark has been built by a Dutch man, complete with model animals, and a four story theatre. Dutch creationist Johan Huibers built the ark and finished it in 2012 as testament to his literal belief in the Bible. After three years of building the Ark he finally finished this July and attempted to sail it to London for the Olympics but could not get the proper permits. He expects to get around 400.000 visitors a year. This is the second ark he has… See More


Recep Erdoğan, Abdullah Gül, Bülent Ecevit, and Turgut Özal are notable Turkish?

Recep Tayyip Erdogan | president of Turkey | Britannica.com Recep Tayyip Erdogan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, (born February 26, 1954, Rize , Turkey), Turkish politician, who served as prime minister (2003–14) and president (2014– ) of Turkey . Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, 2008. Photo by Serkan Eldeleklioglu-Bora Omerogullari-Ozan Atasoy/Copyright World Economic Forum (www.weforum.org) In high school Erdoğan became known as a fiery orator in the cause of political Islam . He later played on a professional football (soccer) team and attended Marmara University. During this time he met Necmettin Erbakan , a veteran Islamist politician, and Erdoğan became active in parties led by Erbakan, despite a ban in Turkey on religiously based political parties. In 1994 Erdoğan was elected mayor of Istanbul on the ticket of the Welfare Party . The election of the first-ever Islamist to the mayoralty shook the secularist establishment, but Erdoğan proved to be a competent and canny manager. He yielded to protests against the building of a mosque in the city’s central square but banned the sale of alcoholic beverages in city-owned cafés. In 1998 he was convicted for inciting religious hatred after reciting a poem that compared mosques to barracks, minarets to bayonets, and the faithful to an army. Sentenced to 10 months in prison, Erdoğan resigned as mayor . After serving four months of his sentence, Erdoğan was released from prison in 1999, and he reentered politics. When Erbakan’s Virtue Party was banned in 2001, Erdoğan broke with Erbakan and helped form the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi; AKP). His party won the parliamentary elections in 2002, but Erdoğan was legally barred from serving in parliament or as prime minister because of his 1998 conviction . A constitutional amendment in December 2002, however, effectively removed Erdoğan’s disqualification. On March 9, 2003, he won a by-election and days later was asked by President Ahmet Necdet Sezer to form a new government. Erdoğan took office on May 14, 2003. As prime minister, Erdoğan toured the United States and Europe in order to dispel any fears that he held anti-Western biases and to advance Turkey’s bid to join the European Union . Although the previous government had refused to allow U.S. troops to be stationed in Turkey during the Iraq War , in October 2003 Erdoğan secured approval for the dispatch of Turkish troops to help keep the peace in Iraq; Iraqi opposition to the plan, however, prevented such a deployment. In 2004 he sought to resolve the issue of Cyprus , which had been partitioned into Greek and Turkish sectors since a 1974 civil war. Erdoğan supported a United Nations plan for the reunification of the island; in April 2004, Turkish Cypriots approved the referendum, but their Greek counterparts rejected it. Tensions between Turkey’s secularist parties and Erdoğan’s AKP were highlighted in 2007, when attempts to elect an AKP candidate with Islamist roots to the country’s presidency were blocked in parliament by an opposition boycott . Erdoğan called for early parliamentary elections, and his party won a decisive victory at the polls in July. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent In early 2008 parliament passed an amendment that lifted a ban on the wearing of head scarves—a sign of religion long contested in Turkey—on university campuses. Opponents of the AKP renewed their charges that the party posed a threat to Turkish secular order, and Erdoğan’s position appeared to come under increasing threat. In March the constitutional court voted to hear a case that called for the dismantling of the AKP and banning Erdoğan and dozens of other party members from political life for five years. Erdoğan successfully maintained his position, however, when in July 2008 the court ruled narrowly against the party’s closure and sharply reduced its state funding instead. In September 2010 a package of constitutional amendments championed by Erdoğan was approved by a national referendum. The package included measures to make the military more accountable to civ


'Magnificent Century' is among what hugely popular Turkish export to Arab and Balkan regions in the 2000s?

Transnationalization of Turkish dramas: Exploring the convergence of local and global market imperatives Article (PDF Available) in Global Media and Communication 11(1):43-60 · April 2015 with 24 Reads DOI: 10.1177/1742766515573274 3.22 · City University of New York - College of Staten Island Abstract Since the mid-2000s, an ever-increasing number of Turkish dramas have been exported to several markets and commanded high prices and ratings. To explain the transnationalization of Turkish dramas, this article explores the political economic imperatives as opposed to the commonly cited cultural proximity thesis. Based on in-depth interviews with television producers, distributors and executives, it analyses the burgeoning of the Turkish production sector, the search for additional revenue streams in foreign markets by Turkish producers, their integration into global networks of television trade, governmental support and the converging local and global dynamics that created favourable export conditions for Turkish dramas. Discover the world's research the convergence of local and global market imperatives College of Staten Island, The City University of New York (CUNY), USA Abstract Since the mid-2000s, an ever-increasing number of Turkish dramas have been exported to several markets and commanded high prices and ratings. To explain the transnationalization of Turkish dramas, this article explores the political economic imperatives as opposed to the commonly cited cultural proximity thesis. Based on in-depth interviews with television producers, distributors and executives, it analyses the burgeoning of the Turkish production sector, the search for additional revenue streams in foreign markets by Turkish producers, their integration into global networks of television trade, governmental support and the converging local and global dynamics that created favourable export conditions for Turkish dramas. Keywords Cultural proximity, political economy, television trade, transnationalization, Turkish dramas Since the mid-2000s, there has been a conspicuous rise in the exports of Turkish televi- sion dramas, also referred to as soap operas or telenovelas. These weekly, big-budget productions have been sold to dozens of countries in the Middle East, Balkans and Central Asia and, more recently, in Latin America, Europe and Asia. According to avail- able data, the first Turkish television drama to be exported was Deli Yurek (Crazy Heart) in 1997, which was sold to the Kazakhstan state television for only US$30 per episode. Corresponding author: Bilge Yesil, Media Culture, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York (CUNY), 1P 226, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA. Email: bilge.yesil@csi.cuny.edu at COLLEGE OF STATEN ISLAND on June 15, 2016gmc.sagepub.comDownloaded from 44 Global Media and Communication 11(1) By 2001, the number of exported dramas had risen to 65, with buyers concentrated mostly in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. In 2005, Yabanci Damat (The Foreign Groom) had made its way to a commercial Greek channel and become a ratings hit (Today’s Zaman, 2012). But the real breakthrough came in 2008 when the pan-Arab network, the MBC, began to air Gumus (Noor in Arabic), which became a huge hit with Arab audi- ences, its final episode drawing an estimated 85 million viewers (Rohde, 2012). Prompted by Noor’s unforeseen popularity, Turkish producers, broadcasters and distributors began to venture into global markets. In 2010, the distribution company, Global Agency, entered the Balkan markets with Binbir Gece (A Thousand Nights), and sold Muhtesem Yuzyil (Magnificent Century) to a number of Balkan and Middle Eastern countries the follow- ing year (Oxford Business Group, 2012). By 2013, Magnificent Century had become Turkey’s most significant cultural export with approximately 200 million audiences in 50 countries, from Italy to China. According to the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey exported 36,000 hours of television to 76 countries between 2005 and 2011. At the time of writing, more than


The letters C and S in the Turkish alphabet feature which diacritical mark?

Accents and Other Spanish Diacritical Marks By Gerald Erichsen Updated March 01, 2016. Definition: A mark that is placed on a letter to indicate that it has a different pronunciation than it would otherwise, or to indicate that the word has a different meaning than it would otherwise. English uses diacritical marks almost solely in words of foreign origin , and they are often omitted. Examples of English words using diacritical marks are "façade" (which uses a cedilla), "résumé" (two accent marks), "naïve" (umlaut) and "piñata" (tilde). Spanish uses three types of diacritical marks: The tilde is used to distinguish n from ñ. In a technical sense, this might not be considered a diacritical mark, since n and ñ are separate letters of the alphabet. Accent marks are used as an aid in pronunciation and also to distinguish some sets of words that are otherwise spelled alike and pronounced alike but have different meanings or different grammatical usages. The umlaut, often called a dieresis, which is placed over the u when it is pronounced after a g in the combinations güe and güi. Umlauts are rarer than the other types of diacritical marks. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know Also known as: "Diacritic" in English, diacrítico in Spanish. Note that in Spanish, the word tilde can be used to refer to accent marks on vowels as well as the mark of the ñ. Examples: Many Spanish words such as árbol use accents to put the stress on the correct syllable. Accents are frequently used with some words such as qué and cuál when they are used in questions. There are also a few pairs of completely different words such as se (a reflexive pronoun ) and sé (a conjugated form of either saber or ser) that use such accents. Words using umlauts include argüir and güisqui.


"In Turkish language/custom ""teşekkür ederim"" and ""sağ olun"" mean?"

Turkish thank you BING: Turkish - How to say Thank you! Teşekkür ederim Thank you this is used in all normal situations. The reply for teşekkür ederim is Bir şey değil or Rica ederim You are welcome.   sağol [familiar] or sağolun [polite] [Lit: Health to you.] equates to thank you but is more sincere than Teşekkür ederim. sen de sağ ol is the response for sağ ol and siz de sağ olun is the reponse to sağ olun. The difference in usage of teşekkür ederim thank you and the more sincere sağ olun stay healthy. sağ ol [familiar] sağ olun [polite and/or singular] sağ olunuz [public and/or plural] A simple teşekkürler also means a very informal thanks and is used in shops and for small duties performed. What are the services being rendered to us? Use sağ olun be healthy, be strong is used as thank you for a service which: A - Did necessarily needed to be performed. B - For someone who has gone out of his way to help you.   Many tourists use sağ olun wrongly instead of using teşekkür ederim. They copy the boy waiter's way of thanking as the waiters often use sağ olun for misguided effect. The rule is: if in doubt then use teşekkür ederim. Turkish "thank you" Scenarios. The waiter puts a nice meal in front of you. Your thank you is teşekkür ederim it is his job. The waiter puts a bottle of wine in front of you. Your thank you is teşekkür ederim it is his job. Then the waiter uncorks the bottle of wine and pours it in your glass. Your thank you is sağ olun he need not have performed this service. You ask someone the time. He looks at his watch and says "Half past three". Your answer is sağ olun [You have caused him to perform a service to you.] You drop your handkerchief a stranger picks it up and hand it to you. Your answer is sağ olun [He need not have done it.] Turkish answer to "thank you" The answer to teşekkür ederim is bir şey değil It is nothing or rica ederim I request! [same as "bitte schön" in German] Also used is ne demek? what does it mean?. This expression ne demek? sounds quite comical in English. But it actually means something like: It doesn't matter at all. The answer Rica ederim is the politest one. The recipient of your gratitude will often answer your sen sağol with the rejoinder sen de sağol health to you too. Other forms are sen de sağ ol or quite short siz de or sen de you too Turkish Be happy! Gözün aydın [familiar/singular] or Gözünüz aydın [polite/plural] [LIT: "May your eyes shine."] When something which the speaker longing for comes true, he tells the others about it. Their response is Gözün(üz) aydın Your eyes shine to the speaker. The expression indicates that the others share the speaker's happiness, and that they are also happy about it. The reply for Gözünüz aydın is Teşekkür ederim   Hayırlı olsun Let it be with goodness Used when someone opens a shop or starts a new business, others say Hayırlı olsun to him. The expression indicates the speaker's wish that the new business will bring him prosperity, and it will be profitable. The reply for Hayırlı olsun is Teşekkür ederim   Güle güle kullan/kullanın Use it with a smile. When someone buys a thing, such as a new clothes, shoes or a car his friends say Güle güle kullan / kullanın This indicates the speaker's wish that use it with joy. Sometimes Hayırlı olsun is said in such condition. The reply for both expressions is Teşekkür ederim. A caveat  "take care..." Many people when first learning Turkish are tempted to use the present continuous tense: teşekkür ediyorum. This form sounds quite comical to the Turkish ear and can also be construed as being sarcastic. Always use the present simple tense teşekkür ederim and you will not go wrong or be misunderstood. Turkish Daily Talk İyi akşamlar Good evening İyi geceler Good night In English the expressions Good evening and Good night are singular. In Turkish they are plural [as is the Spanish Buenos Dias.] Turkish Hello Merhaba Hello!, Hi! Merhaba corresponds to Hello!, Hi! in English. Its usage is identical in either language. The reply for Merhaba is Merhaba Merhaba is not used for Hello! on


Equating broadly to Asia Minor/Turkey what is the old term for this region, from ancient Greek meaning 'sunrise' and 'east'?

An Outline Sketch of the Origin and History of constellations and Star Names Ancient Zodiacs, Star Names, and Constellations: Essays and Critiques An Outline Sketch of the Origin and History of Constellations and Star-Names by Gary D. Thompson Copyright ï¿½ 2007-2016 by Gary D. Thompson An Outline Sketch of the Origin and History of Constellations and Star-Names (1) Introduction (1) The Nature of Constellations Constellations are a means of organising the sky by dividing it into smaller segments. The majority of constellations, in any culture, were established and named in antiquity. The origin of the word constellation is thought to derive from the Late Latin term cōnstellātiō which can be translated as "set of stars," and was introduced into use in English during the 14th century. Largely on the basis of ancient Greek astronomy the Western European night sky is divided (somewhat arbitrarily) in sections called constellations. Within this scheme the constellations may be divided into 3 groups: (1) the 12 zodiacal constellations laying approximately along the vicinity of the ecliptic, (2) the northern constellation positioned 'above' the zodiacal constellations, and (3) the southern constellations positioned 'below' the zodiacal constellations. (Alternatively, (1) equatorial, northern never setting, and (3) southern (horizon).) The origin of constellations (star groupings) is one of the most discussed themes in the history of Western astronomy. Many questions concerning the origin of the constellations are likely to remain unanswered. It is possible that astronomy originated when early cultures began not only time-keeping practices but also began the practice of grouping individual stars into constellations. The establishment of constellations/asterisms was perhaps the earliest prelude to the origin of quantitative astronomy. Constellations are named patterns of stars derived from the random placement of stars visible in the night sky. A constellation is an arbitrary collection of stars grouped together by a human observer to form a recognisable figure or design. Additionally, constellations are recognized not only by their star patterns/groupings, but also by the bright stars in them. To ancient observers the stars were scattered points of light that slowly moved across the sky (nightly and annually) and that returned to their same positions annually. The word constellation means a "set of stars." (An asterism is any grouping of stars, whether a constellation or not. The well-known "Big Dipper" is an asterism, not a constellation.) Constellations are arbitrary subjective/imagined flat groupings of stars (perceived as figures or patterns) among the stars visible in the sky. However, they are not always groupings of essentially random dots. Some groupings/patterns are 'objectively' suggested by the apparent placement of brighter stars in the sky. (Mostly, the 48 ancient Greek constellations single out only the bright patterns.) The three most obvious groupings of stars in the northern sky are (1) the Dipper, (2) Orion, and (3) the Pleiades. Outside of these stars constellations (star groupings)/constellation figures are not obvious. Stars in constellations are unrelated in space i.e., distance from earth. Gravitationally, the stars comprising constellation figures have nothing to do with each other. They are not groups of stars actually clustered together. They appear contiguous only because we view them in two dimensions. (Constellations, in reality, are 3 dimensional. The stars forming them are not at the same distance from the earth. The stars grouped in a constellation lie roughly in the same direction in space but are at greatly different distances from the sun. In contrast, the stars comprising the Big Dipper are actually close to each other. The other stars of Ursa Major have different distances. Also the stars in the Hyades open star cluster are travelling together (as a group) in the sky. The stars in the Hyades are travelling parallel to each other at the same velocity


Turkey's international vehicle registration code (typically shown on vehicle registration plates) is?

What do the characters on a number plate mean in India? - Quora Quora Close up of a licence plate used in Mangalore , Karnataka . The current format of the registration index consists of 4 parts, They are: The first two letters indicate the state to which the vehicle is registered. The next two digit numbers are the sequential number of a district. Due to heavy volume of vehicle registration, the numbers were given to the RTO offices of registration as well. The third part is a 4 digit number unique to each plate. A letter(s) is prefixed when the 4 digit number runs out and then two letters and so on. The fourth part is an international oval "IND" and the top of it is a small blue square. This scheme of numbering has some advantages: The State or District of registration of a particular vehicle. In the case of a police investigation of an accident or vehicle-related crime, witnesses usually remember the initial area code letters - it is then quite simple to narrow down suspect vehicles to a much smaller number by checking the database without having to know the full number. Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Calcutta . Written Nov 13, 2014 The average license plate in India goes, for example, GA 01 AB 1234. GA represents the state or union territory where the car was registered; in this case, the state of Goa. 01 represents the specific Regional Transport Office (RTO) where the car was registered; in this case, the RTO is in the city of Panjim (I think). The rest are randomised, but in the form of two alphabets and four digits. The only place which breaks from this pattern is Delhi; I'm not sure about the system there, which gives us such numbers as DL 3C. I hope someone else can explain it properly.


Established in 1923, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, is Turkey's oldest?

Turkey -  Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi--CHP) DSP - Democratic Left Party Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi--CHP) The Republican People's Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi or CHP) is the oldest political party in the Republic of Turkey. The party was established during the Congress of Sivas as a union of resistance groups against the invasion of Anatolia. The union represented the Turkish people as a unified front during the Turkish War of Independence. On September 9, 1923 People's Party officially declared itself as a political organization and on October 29, 1923 announced the Republican regime by this distancing itself, also Turkey, from non-partisan democracy. On 10 November 1924 the People's Party renamed itself "Republican People's Party" (CHP) as the Turkey was moving into Single-Party period. Throughout his presidency, repeatedly extended by the assembly, Atatï¿½rk governed Turkey essentially by personal rule in a one-party state. He founded the Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi--CHP) in 1923 to represent the nationalist movement in elections and to serve as a vanguard party in support of the Kemalist reform program. Atatï¿½rk's Six Arrows were an integral part of the CHP's political platform. By controlling the CHP, Atatï¿½rk also controlled the assembly and assured support there for the government he had appointed. Atatï¿½rk regarded a stage of personal authoritarian rule as necessary to secure his reforms before he entrusted the government of the country to the democratic process. Prior to 1950, the Republic of Turkey was essentially a one-party state ruled by the Republican People's Party, which had been created by Atatï¿½rk to implement the Six Arrows of Kemalism. Although there had been abortive experiments with "loyal opposition" parties in the mid-1920s and in 1930, it was not until 1946 that the CHP permitted political parties to form and contest elections, albeit in a politically controlled environment. The Democrat Party was founded in 1946 by CHP members who were dissatisfied with the authoritarian style of the CHP but who otherwise supported the party's Kemalist principles. The DP emphasized the need to end various restrictions on personal freedom so that Turkey could become a democracy. Reform of laws governing political parties and electoral activities--measures that would enable the DP to compete on an equal basis with the CHP--were enacted prior to the 1950 parliamentary elections. Consequently, those elections were the first free ones since the founding of the republic in 1923. The DP won a large majority of seats in the assembly and thus took over the government from the CHP. The DP retained control of the government throughout the 1950s, a period during which it enacted legislation that restricted news media freedom and various civil liberties. As the DP steadily became less tolerant of dissent, the CHP gradually moved in the opposite direction, abandoning its authoritarian stance and becoming an advocate of civil rights. The DP's efforts to suppress opposition to its policies provoked a political crisis that culminated in a May 1960 military coup. The DP subsequently was dissolved, but the Justice Party, which was established in 1961, was widely perceived as its successor and attracted most of its supporters. In the 1961 parliamentary elections that led to the restoration of civilian government, the Justice Party won the second largest number of seats and thus established itself as the principal competitor of the CHP, which had won a plurality of seats. In the subsequent nineteen years, the rivalry between the Justice Party and the CHP remained a significant feature of Turkish politics. Although both parties proclaimed their loyalty to Kemalist ideals, they evolved distinct ideological positions. Sï¿½leyman Demirel, who became leader of the Justice Party in 1964, favored economic policies that benefited private entrepreneurs and industrialists. In contrast, Bï¿½lent Ecevit, who became leader of the CHP in 1965, believed in a form


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In 1993 the Turkish economist and academic Tansu Penbe Çiller became the country's first?

9 female Muslim statesmen who have made their mark in world history 9 female Muslim statesmen who have made their mark in world history SHARE TWEET PIN IT When hearing about women’s rights in the Muslim world, the assumed story is often exclusively one of oppression, marginalisation and lack of power. However, many often forget that eight countries have had Muslim women as their head of state. This is compared to the fact that neither of the two major US parties – Democrats and Republicans – has ever nominated a female presidential candidate. Tansu Çiller: Prime Minister of Turkey 1993-1996 1 of 8   Tansu Penbe Çiller – born 24 May 1946 – is a Turkish academic, economist and politician who served as the 30th Prime Minister of Turkey from 1993 to 1996. She is Turkey’s first and only female prime minister to date. As the leader of the True Path Party, she went on to concurrently serve as Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and as Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1996 and 1997. After the death in office of President Turgut Özal (which according to some was part of the 1993 alleged Turkish military coup), DYP Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel won the 1993 presidential election on 16 May 1993. Suddenly the important position as Prime Minister and leader of the DYP was vacant. The party found itself in an identity crisis. Ciller was no obvious candidate, but the three male contenders could not muster the resources, skill and support to compete effectively. Ciller was a professional urban woman, young and smart with a Western higher education. The media supported her, as well as the business community, and externally she gave the impression that Turkey was a progressive Muslim country. On 13 June 47 year old Çiller fell 11 votes shy of a majority in the first ballot for party leader. Her opponents withdrew and she became the party’s leader and on 25 June, the Prime Minister of the DYP-Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) coalition government (50th government of Turkey). Megawati Sukarnoputri: President of Indonesia 2001-2004 1 of 7   Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri – born 23 January 1947 – is an Indonesian politician who served as president of Indonesia from 23 July 2001 to 20 October 2004. Megawati is the leader of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, one of Indonesia’s largest political parties. She is the daughter of Indonesia’s first president, Sukarno. Megawati has been Indonesia’s only female president and the fourth woman to lead a predominantly Muslim nation. She is also the first Indonesian leader to be born after Indonesia proclaimed independence. After serving as vice-president to Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati became president when Wahid was removed from office in 2001. She ran for re-election in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. She sought a rematch in the 2009 presidential election, losing again to Yudhoyono. Mame Madior Boye: Prime Minister of Senegal 2001-2002 1 of 5   Mame Madior Boye was Prime Minister of Senegal from 2001 to 2002. She was the first female holder of that position. Following the victory of Abdoulaye Wade in the 2000 presidential election, Boye became Minister of Justice in April 2000. But tensions arose between the President and the Prime Minister, who was from another political party. Moustapha Niasse resigned and Boye was appointed by Wade as Prime Minister on 3 March 2001, two months before the legislative elections. Wade lacked a majority in the legislature and more than 30 non-partisan women’s organizations organized a campaign before the elections demanding more women in the legislature. Boye was not only a woman, she was also non-partisan. She remained as Minister of Justice in the new government. The elections gave Wade a large majority – 89 of 120 seats. The representation of women increased, but not to more than 19 per cent. Following the April 2001 legislative elections, Boye was reappointed as Prime Minister on 10 May 2001; she was, however, replaced as Minister of Justice in the government appointed on 12 May. Atifete Jahjaga: Preside


What is the Capital of Turkey? - Capital-of.com Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com Capital of Turkey The Capital City of Turkey (officially named Republic of Turkey) is the city of Ankara. The population of Ankara in the year 2008 was 71,517,100 (12,573,836 in the metropolitan area). Turkey is a Turkish speaking country on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea. Additional Information


Name Turkey's major 'Istanbul (Who?) Airport' after the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey?

AIRPORTS OF ISTANBUL - Pierre Loti Hotel Istanbul AIRPORTS OF ISTANBUL Istanbul has two major airports, Ataturk and Sabiha Gokcen. Ataturk Airport in on European side of Istanbul and is only 17 km away from Sultanahmet, the old town. It was opened in 1924 and today it is the biggest airport in Turkey in terms of number of passengers, destinations served and aircraft movements. It is the main hub for Turkish Airlines, National Airline of Turkey. In 1980s, the airport was named after Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder and first president of Turkish Republic, and called Istanbul Ataturk International Airport. International aviation sign of the airport is “IST”. In 2015 it served more than 60 million passengers and became 13th busiest airport in the world, in terms of total passengers, 9th busiest in the world in terms of international passengers, and 3rd busiest airport in Europe after London Heathrow and Paris Charles de Gaulle. It is very easy to reach to city from the airport via metro, shuttle buses and taxis. If you are heading to Sultanahmet take the metro and change to tram at Zeytinburnu station. If you use shuttle bus , you need to get off at aksaray then take tram to go to Old town. Sabiha Gokcen Airport, is the second airport after Ataturk Airport and is on the Asian side of Istanbul. International aviation code is “SAW”. It is 55 km from Sultanahmet, the old town of Istanbul and mainly used by low cost airlines. It functions as main hub of Pegasus Airlines. The construction of the airport started in 1998 and finished in 2001. It was named after first female combat pilot in Turkey. In 2010 the airport served more than 11 million passengers and was awarded with World’s Best Airport at World Low Cost Airlines Congress in London. The airport was planning to serve 25 million passengers by 2023 however in 2015 already served 28 million passengers. Sabiha Gokcen Airport doesnot have railway connection. Nearest metro station is in Kartal, which is 22 km away and can be reached by a short bus or taxi ride. The shuttle buses operate between Taksim & Airport and Kadikoy & Airport. If you heading to Sultanahmet you need to take shuttle bus to Taksim, then funicular to Kabatas and from there tram to old town.


A Turkish 'hammam', whose name derives from Arabic hamma, heat, is known in 'western' cultures alternatively as a Turkish what?

List of etymologies of country subdivision names : definition of List of etymologies of country subdivision names and synonyms of List of etymologies of country subdivision names (English) Heard Island: discovered (first confirmed sighting) by Captain John Heard of the merchant vessel Oriental, 25 November 1853 [11] McDonald Islands: discovered by Captain William McDonald, 4 January 1854 [11] Norfolk Island ( Norfuk : Norfuk Ailen): discovered and named by James Cook (1774) either for the Duke of Norfolk [12] or for his wife [13] [14]   Austria   States Burgenland (German; Hungarian : Várvidék; Croatian : Gradišće): originally called Vierburgenland, "Land of four Burgs (castles)", a name suggested in 1919 from the endings of the four former counties forming the state: Preßburg , Wieselburg , Ödenburg and Eisenburg . In 1922 Austria ceded Ödenburg to Hungary and dropped the numeric prefix Vier- ("four"); the remaining three counties became Burgenland. [15] The Hungarian Várvidék and Croatian Gradišće calque the German Burgenland[ citation needed ] Carinthia , German Kärnten: etymologically related to the early Slavic medieval principality Carantania (Slovenian Karantanija, German Karantanien); a suggested etymology references a Celtic term for "stone" or "crag", while a popular etymology holds that the name means "land of friends" Lower Austria , German Nieder-Österreich: the lower part (lower in height) of the original territory of Austria ('the eastern country'), as opposed to Upper Austria; also called Österreich unter der Enns "Austria below the (river) Enns" Salzburg : after the city of Salzburg (literally "salt castle"), which takes its name from the salt mines that existed there during the Middle Ages Styria , German Steiermark: after the castle of Steyr ; in the high Middle Ages, it formed a march of the Holy Roman Empire , hence -mark Upper Austria , German Ober-Österreich: the upper (physically higher) part of the original territory of Austria, as opposed to Lower Austria; also called Österreich ob der Enns "Austria above the (river) Enns" Vienna , German Wien: from Celtic Vindobona (vindo "white" + bona "foundation, fort") Vorarlberg , literally "in front of the Arlberg", takes its name from the Arlberg , a mountain (German: Berg) characterised by Arle, a local German term for " mountain pine ".   Belgium   Regions Brussels , Dutch Brussel, French Bruxelles (the capital city, outside any province; also Belgium's third region): medieval Dutch broek 'bog' + zele (in many place names in the Low Countries="habitation using thatching") Flanders , Dutch Vlaanderen, French Flandre(s): plural of a terrain type; or "flooded land"; or a compound Flemish vlakte "plain" and wanderen "to wander". [16] The name extended from the historical county (about half lost to French and Dutch neighbours; the rest roughly made up two administrative provinces, East Flanders and West Flanders; in French les Flandres, plural) to the whole Dutch-speaking, majority part of Belgium (French la Flandre, singular) Wallonia , French Wallonie: from the (Romanized (Germano-) Celtic, now Francophone) Walloon people: as in many European countries, so named by Germanic neighbours; meaning: "strangers". Compare "Wales".   Provinces Liège : of disputed etymology. The name Liège may have the same origin as the ancient name of Paris, i.e. Lutetia ; the German form, Lüttich, suggests this. Liège and Lutetia would both derive from Latin lucotætia, "marsh" or "mud". Another suggestion derives the names from Latin Lætica, "colony", or Leudica, "free". Alternatively, the Latin Leudica meaning "public place" may have given rise to the Walloon Lîdje and thence to Liège. Note that the name appeared in written form as Liége (with an acute accent) until the 1950s.   Brazil Takeo Province : Grandfather Keo   Canada For etymologies of the provinces and territories of Canada, see Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies .   Historical regions Acadia (French Acadie): origin disputed: Credited to Italian navigator Giovanni da Verrazzano , who first named a


Eastern Thrace refers to which part of Turkey?

Eastern Thrace travel guide - Wikitravel Istranca Mountains and Black Sea coast[ edit ] Lush mountains, lakes, and desolate beaches Demirköy — a town surrounded by forests up in Istranca Mountains, known for its 15th century foundry İğneada — long and sandy beaches where you'll have a hard time seeing someone else in the next kilometre, bakced by lush forests, and many lakes Kıyıköy — still widely known by its traditional name of Midye among locals, this is a town with many traditional wooden houses, preserved city walls, and a monastery carved into rocks Vize — town on the foothills of Istranca Mountains not very far from Black Sea coast, known for its Byzantine cathedral-turned-mosque called Little Hagia Sophia Thracian Plains[ edit ] Gently rolling plains covering interior of the region; with towns, most of which have some artifacts dating back to Ottoman period, lying on the major routes between Istanbul and Europe Babaeski — a town with an old mosque and a medieval bridge spanning a creek flowing through a tranquil, green meadow Çerkezköy — city with much industry Çorlu — newly emerging major city of the region, with even more industry Edirne — the second capital of Ottoman Empire, chock full of history, even Selimiye Mosque alone is well worth the trip to this beautiful city Keşan — a city in the western part of the region, near Greek border; located on an important crossroad Kırklareli — a city in the north, near Bulgarian border, with a quite well preserved old quarter full of traditional wooden and neo-classical architecture Lüleburgaz — geographical center of Eastern Thrace with a sixteenth century mosque and accompanying covered bazaar Uzunköprü — name of which translates “long bridge” in Turkish, this town has one of the longest stone bridges in the world (more than 2 km), which was built by Sinan, the Ottoman architect of 16th century. Marmara and Aegean coasts[ edit ] Miles of beaches, stony and sandy, crowded and lonely alike; fishing towns, vineyards, and pine forests here and there Eceabat — main town on Gallipoli Peninsula, serving as a hub to WWI memorials Enez — a small town on the Maritsa delta, where Maritsa River empties into the Aegean Sea; a quite well-preserved Byzantine citadel and long sandy beaches are the main attractions Gelibolu — historical town on the Straits of Dardanelles, at the base of the peninsula known by the same name (Gallipoli) Kumbağ — main nightlife spot of Eastern Thrace, with some kitschy bars and (overcrowded) beaches Marmara Ereğlisi — site of ancient city of Perinthos, once administrative centre of the region, now a small town Şarköy & Mürefte — these pleasant towns are at the centre of the wine country of the region, with nice beaches and some Greek architecture left from the former inhabitants Silivri — a town rapidly changing into a suburb of Istanbul Tekirdağ — pleasant coastal city with some traditional wooden architecture, and where 18th century Hungarian independence leader, Ferenc Rakoczi II, was exiled Geographically speaking, the city of Istanbul is also partially in Eastern Thrace, but culturally it is a world afar and should be considered as a region on its own. Other destinations[ edit ] Dupnisa Cave — deep in the forest on the Istranca Mountains, an impressive and easily visitable cave with an underground creek, stalactites, and bats Gallipoli — site of 1915 Anzac landing and many WWI memorials; in the southwest of the region Saros Bay — an indentation of Aegean Sea between Thracian mainland and Gallipoli peninsula, popular among scuba divers as this gulf is one of the cleanest and liveliest (in terms of marine ecology) bodies of water in all of Turkey Islands[ edit ] Gökçeada (Imbros) — the largest Turkish island, home of a Greek community and abandoned villages Marmara Island — although nearer to Asian mainland, this island has extensive transportation and cultural links with Eastern Thrace; site of a marble quarry with unfinished Roman sculptures and picturesque villages Understand[ edit ] Eastern Thrace is located in the northwestern corner of Turkey a


The famous medieval stone landmark in Turkey's largest city is the 'Galata (What?)'?

Galata Tower Galata Tower View Larger Map The Galata Tower, also known as the Tower of Christ, is a medieval stone tower in Istanbul, Turkey. It is located to the north of the Golden Horn. This is one of the city’s most amazing landmarks. It has a very high, cone-capped cylinder that juts out into the city’s skyline. Description The 9-story tower is about 219 feet tall and has an observation deck. By the time of completion, this was then city’s tallest structure. This tower has external diameter of almost 54 feet at its base, an inside diameter of about 29 feet and the walls have a thickness of over 12 feet. On the upper floors of the tower there is a restaurant and a café. From here visitors can get a great view of Istanbul and the Bosphorous. There is also a panorama balcony that encircles the very highest row of windows. It is narrow and open to weather and is therefore not recommended for people with a fear of heights. You will also find a night club which hosts a Turkish show. There are two elevators to get you from one level to another. History Galata Tower was initially built during the expansion of the Genoese colony in Constantinople in 1348. It was by then the tallest building in Istanbul. It was actually the apex of fortifications that surrounded the Genoese citadel of the Galata. During the Ottoman Empire, the upper part of the tower was modified in several different restorations. It was by then used as the observation deck for spotting fires. Starting in 1717, Ottomans began using the tower to spot fires in and around the city. During the reign of Sultan Selim III in 1794, the tower’s roof and stairs were seriously destroyed by a fire. Later, in 1831, another fire damaged the building. After this new restoration work took place. In 1875, during a very heavy storm, the roof at the top of this tower was destroyed. Due to this damage, the tower remained without the conic roof for the rest of the Ottoman period. Finally, from 1965 to 1967, during the Turkish Republic, the original cap of the tower was finally restored. During the final restoration process that took place in 1960’s, the original wooden interior of Galata Tower was replaced with a concrete structure. The tower was then commercialized and opened to the general public. Istanbul Famous Landmarks


Who are Turkey's 2nd largest ethnic people and about 18% of the population?

Turkey Population (2016) - World Population Review World Population Review Turkey Population 2016 [[getCurrentPopulation()]] Turkey is officially known as the Republic of Turkey. It is a transcontinental country that includes Anatolia in western Asia and East Thrace in southern Europe. It is bordered by eight countries. Along its northwest border lies Bulgaria, towards its west is Greece, and to its northeast is Georgia. Three countries border the eastern side of Turkey, namely Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan, Iran and Armenia. On the southeast border lie Syria and Iraq, and finally the Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea share its south border. The current population of Turkey is estimated at 75.8 million, and increase from 2013’s estimate of 75.5 million, of which the male population is approximately 49.1% of the total population and the female population is 50.9% of the population. The population continues to increase at a steady rate with almost 3600 births every day, while the death rate compared to this is significantly low at 1224 deaths per day. This implies a net steady increase in Turkey’s population – and it has increased by more than 150 percent over the years. The growth rate remains around 1.29% per year. Turkey Population History In 1960, Turkey had a total population of 28.16 million people, and this number continues to gradually increase. In 1970, its population reached 35.46 million, and in 1980, it increased even more to become 44.11 million. In 1990, it rose to 54.13 million and then increased to 63.63 million by the year 2000. In 2010, the population was estimated to be 72.75 million, and now it is over 76 million. These statistical analyses show that without any fall or breakage the country’s population kept growing from the 19th century till now. Life Expectancy Life expectancy in Turkey has also grown from an average of 48.27 years in 1960 to 73.94 years in 2011. After the year 1970, life expectancy statistics show a steeper slope in its rate increase. Demographics The population density of Turkey is 98 people per kilometer square. The population is mainly comprised of the Turkish people, who make up 75% of the total population, while Kurdish make up 18%. Other ethnic groups take up the remaining 17% of the total population. The languages spoken by the majority are Turkish and Kurdish, while minority groups speak other languages. The main religion, followed by 99.8% of the population, is Islam, while other religions are followed by the minute .02% of the population. The literacy rate of the population is fairly high - about 87%. The male literacy rate is almost 95%, while the female literacy rate is almost 79%. Almost 70% of the total population live in urban areas. The rate of urbanization is 1.7% per year. The total fertility rate is around 2.13 children born/woman. The population is fairly young with almost 27% ranging from 0 to 14 years of age, while 67% are 15 to 64 years old. Only around 6% are above 64 years of age. The largest city in Turkey is Istanbul, which has a total of 10.38 million people. The second largest city is Ankara, which is also the capital and has almost 3.86 million in population. There are many other major cities in Turkey, but the most important and heavily populated ones include Izmir with 2.67 million, Bursa with 1.559 million and Adana with 1.339 million population. Source: please put the following link as a backlink in your article: Istanbul und Türkei Community i would be very happy - Picture by Selda Yildiz and Erol Gülsen Selda Yildiz und Erol Gülsen .


Turkey's international telephone calling code is?

Turkey Country Code 90 Country Code TR About Turkey Hide CountryCode.org is your complete guide to make a call from anywhere in the world, to anywhere in the world. This page details Turkey phone code. The Turkey country code 90 will allow you to call Turkey from another country. Turkey telephone code 90 is dialed after the IDD. Turkey international dialing 90 is followed by an area code. The Turkey area code table below shows the various city codes for Turkey. Turkey country codes are followed by these area codes. With the complete Turkey dialing code, you can make your international call.


Comprising 100 Kuruş, what is Turkey's currency, first minted in the early 1400s as Ottoman money?

ExchangeRate.com - Currency Information Turkish Lira  |  Post  |  View The Turkish lira (Turkish: Türk lirası) is the currency of Turkey and the de facto independent state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The lira is subdivided into 100 kuruş. The symbol is TL and the ISO 4217 code is TRY. All notes and coins of Turkish Lira have portraits of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from different points of his life since 1930s (with the exception of some notes of second emission, 1937-1942, which features İsmet İnönü) on the obverse side. History First lira The lira was introduced in 1844. It replaced the kuruş as the principal unit of currency, with the kuruş continuing to circulate as a subdivision of the lira, with 100 kuruş = 1 lira. The para also continued to be used, with 40 para = 1 kuruş. Until the 1930s, the Arabic script was used on Turkish coins and banknotes, with پاره for para, غروش for kuruş and ليرا for lira (تورك ليراسي for "Turkish lira"). In European languages, the kuruş was known as the piastre, whilst the lira was known as the livre in French. Between 1844 and 1881, the lira was on a bimetallic standard, with 1 lira = 6.61519 grams pure gold = 99.8292 grams pure silver. In 1881, the gold standard was adopted and continued until 1914. World War I saw Turkey effectively depart from the gold standard with the gold lira being worth about nine lira in paper money by the early 1920s. After periods pegged to the British pound and the French franc, a peg of 2.8 lira = 1 U.S. dollar was adopted in 1946 and maintained until 1960, when the currency was devalued to 9 lira = 1 dollar. From 1970, a series of hard, then soft pegs to the dollar operated as the value of the lira began to fall. Because of the chronic inflation experienced in Turkey from the 1970s through to the 1990s, the lira experienced severe depreciation in value. Turkey has had high inflation rates compared to developed countries but has never suffered hyperinflation. From an average of 9 lira per U.S. dollar in the late 1960s, the currency came to trade at approximately 1.65 million lira per U.S. dollar in late 2001. This represented an average inflation of more than 40% per year. * 1966 — 1 U.S. dollar = 9 lira * 1980 — 1 U.S. dollar = 90 lira * 1988 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1,300 lira * 1995 — 1 U.S. dollar = 45,000 lira * 1996 — 1 U.S. dollar = 107,000 lira * 2001 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1,650,000 lira * 2004 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1,350,000 lira * 2005 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1.29 new lira (The use of New Turkish Lira, which drops 6 zeros from the currency Turkish Lira, was implemented in 2005) * 2007 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1.26 new lira * 2008 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1.55 new lira * 2009 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1.48 new lira (Turkish Lira and New Turkish Lira were used together in 2005. After 2009, New Turkish Lira was converted to Turkish Lira, but New Turkish Lira was used as currency until 31 December 2009) * 2010 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1.39 lira (Last updated on October 8, 2010) In its last few years the Turkish lira stabilized and even rose against the U.S. dollar and the euro. The Guinness Book of Records ranked the lira as the world's least valuable currency in 1995 and 1996, and again in 1999 through 2004. The lira had slid in value to such an extent that one original gold lira coin could be sold for approximately 120,000,000 lira prior to the 2005 revaluation. Second lira In late December 2003, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey passed a law that allowed for the removal of six zeroes from the lira, and the creation of a new currency. It was introduced on 1 January 2005, replacing the previous lira (which remained valid in circulation until the end of 2005) at a rate of 1 second lira (ISO 4217 code "TRY") = 1,000,000 first lira (ISO 4217 code "TRL"). With the revaluation of the Turkish lira, the Romanian leu (also revalued in July 2005) briefly became the world's least valued currency unit. In the transitional period between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2008, the second lira was officially called Yeni Türk Lirası (New Turkish lira). It was officially abbreviated "YTL" and subdivid


The turkey bird, named mistakenly after the country Turkey, originated in?

The Straight Dope: Is turkey (the bird) named after Turkey (the country) or vice versa? A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Is turkey (the bird) named after Turkey (the country) or vice versa? November 27, 2001 Dear Straight Dope: With the recent earthquake in Turkey, I started to think about the fact that there's a bird and a country named the same thing. How did each get its name? And are there any other countries named the same as animals or food? Is there a place named Chicken? — Aron Siegel SDStaff bibliophage replies: Here's all I know for sure: Despite several crackpot theories to the contrary, the bird was named after the country, but in a very roundabout way so that the details are uncertain. Oh, one other thing I know for sure: No European should ever have been allowed to name any New World species. The Aztecs, who kept domesticated turkeys for hundreds of years before the Europeans arrived, had a perfectly good word for the bird in their Nahuatl language: xuehxolotl, which, of course, is pronounced. Don't ask me how it's pronounced, but I'm sure it can be done. If the Europeans had been smart enough to stick with the original name, there would have been no need for me to write this Staff Report, and on Thanksgiving we'd sit down to "xuehxolotl with all the trimmings."  Oh, the things that might have been. First let's talk about the country. Turkey was named for the Turks, believe it or not. Turk can mean either "a citizen of the modern state of Turkey" or more broadly, "an individual of the Turkic-speaking people." The many Turkic languages are spoken not only in Turkey but also in a large area of central Asia and in northern Siberia. The real question is the origin of the name Turk. The word is essentially the same in many languages, including English, Turkish, Arabic, and Persian (Farsi). It probably comes from some Turkish root, but there's no consensus on which one. It may be one root meaning "strong" or "vigorous" (according to the American Heritage Dictionary) or it may be another meaning "the people" (according to the Encyclopedia Americana). There are a couple of other theories of how the country got its name, both wrong. The first has it that the country was named after the first leader of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. But like most Turks, Mustafa didn't have any surname at all until 1934, when he chose Atatürk ("Father of the Turks") for himself. He had already given the country its western-influenced name Türkiye several years earlier. During the period of the empire, the Turkish name for the country had nothing to do with the Turks. Rather, it was named for the Osman (Ottoman) dynasty that ruled it. Another theory has it that the English named the country after the bird, as a taunt. But the country was already called "Turki" or "Turkeye" in English by 1275, hundreds of years before the bird was known in the Old World. Now I'll give you the bird. It's likely the first bird called "turkey" in English wasn't the familiar Thanksgiving fowl (Meleagris gallopavo), but a smaller domesticated bird originally from sub-Saharan Africa: (Numida meleagris), which we now call the Guinea fowl. This bird was introduced to the Mediterranean in ancient times and was known (as a rarity) to the Greeks and Romans. It was named after the mythical Meliagrides, who were the sisters of Meleager and who were turned to birds after his death. This bird seems to have disappeared from Europe and was reintroduced from west Africa by Portuguese traders at the end of the fifteenth century. If this bird was from Africa, why was it called "turkey" in English? Probably because it was introduced to England by so-called "Turkey merchants" who traded with the Mediterranean region, including the Ottoman Empire (which then controlled the eastern third of that sea). A similar confusion caused another New World species, maize or corn (Zea mays), to be called "Turkey wheat" or "Turkey corn" in England. M. gallopavo was introduced to Spain from America sometime between 1498 and 1526 (but most likely be


To celebrate extravagantly (usually loudly and drunkenly) in town/city bars, clubs, etc., is called to 'Paint the town (What?)'?

Issue 6 - The Future Issue - Full edition by Hot Rum Cow - issuu what’s inside? �ontent� Hot Rum Cow – Issue 6 – #HRC6 Humanity has advanced, when it has advanced, not because it has been sober, responsible, and cautious, but because it has been playful, rebellious, and immature. Tom Robbins Fea�ures Ape�tif 16 Cracking beer’s genetic code Why scientists are sequencing the DNA of brewers’ yeast 06 Me and my drinking John DiMaggio 08 To insobriety and beyond When drink exits orbit 22 Custom-built cocktail The ultimate bespoke drink 09 Lies, damned lies and statistics The world’s top four fastest-growing spirits 28 Over-egging the pudding Sweetly intoxicating advocaat 32 The five stages of inebriation The perils of modern drunkenness 10 How to ... prosper post-apocalypse Use your booze after Armageddon 38 What drinks may come ... Nine predictions for the future of drinking 12 Drinkers through history No. 6: Alexander the Great 46 Trappist tipple Monks make the world’s best beer 13 A thousand words Bovine beer 50 Dial-a-beer Smartphone brewing with Brewbot 14 Science or fiction? Breaking the seal 52 Neither shaken nor stirred, but spun The appliance of science by Todd Maul from Boston’s Café ArtScience 52 58 Potent concoctions Bringing some of literature’s most famous brands to life 38 Editorial enquiries Simon Lyle simon@hotrumcow.co.uk Design and illustration enquiries Eric Campbell eric@hotrumcow.co.uk 46 Advertising enquiries Carole Riddell carole@hotrumcow.co.uk Subscriptions Christina McPherson orders@hotrumcow.co.uk Hot Rum Cow is published by White Light Media. 54 Timberbush, Edinburgh EH6 6QH. Tel: 0131 555 6494 www.hotrumcow.co.uk 3 drinkaware.co.uk P L E A S E E N J O Y O U R S I N G L E M A LT R E S P O N S I B LY . A B E R F E L D Y I S A T R A D E M A R K . what’s inside? Chiara Pannozzo, Christina McPherson, Malcolm Triggs Design 80 Islay Brown, Matt McArthur, Lauren Lee-Crane DIGITAL Tom Adams, Mick Perkins business manager Jo Allen advertising sales International Media Sales Carole Riddell 0141 339 4307 David Riddell 0141 563 1381 who? Published by White Light Media Ltd, 54 Timberbush, Edinburgh EH6 6QH. Printed in the UK by Cambrian Offset Ltd. Hot Rum Cow is distributed by MMS, John Menzies and Export Press. The legal bit All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is strictly prohibited. All prices are correct at time of going to press but are subject to change. The paper used for this publication is made from FSC certified sources using 100% ECF pulp. This magazine can be recycled through your kerbside collection or at a local recycling point. Cover illustration: Michael Arnold FACEBOOK facebook.com/hotrumcow twitter @HotRumCow Printed on FSC mixed sources paper 62 68 Fea�ures 62 Liquid lunch Chef Lisa Allen deploys the best drinks the White and Red Rose Counties have to offer 68 Don’t ask, don’t tell Behind the hidden door of the modern speakeasy 74 From chalice to crystal The history of the wine glass 80 Find your style The Martini 74 93 Old enough to drink? Barrel-aged cocktails reward the patient drinker 85 Interesting drinks worth trying No. 6: Shochu 96 Time, gentlemen, please An extract from Yevgeny Zamyatin’s We 86 The rising cost of wine The wine industry’s surreal scenarios from climate change 98 Ask Eric Our resident expert answers your questions www.hotrumcow.co.uk 5 Apeďż˝tif 6 A gentle introduction to a flavoursome magazine > John Di Maggio > To insobriety and beyond > Lies, damned lies > How to ... prosper post-apocalypse > Great drinkers > Bovine beer > Science or fiction? ME AND MY DRINKING VOICE ACTOR AND COMEDIAN JOHN DIMAGGIO HAS PERFORMED HUNDREDS OF ROLES ACROSS TELEVISION, CINEMA AND VIDEO GAMES AND IS BEST KNOWN AS THE VOICE OF BOOZE HOUND ROBOT BENDER IN THE LEGENDARY SCIENCE FICTION CARTOON FUTURAMA. LIKE BENDER, HE’S ENJOYED A COLOURFUL DRINKING CAREER. JOHN DIMAGGIO CORBIS IMAGES; © 20TH CENTURY FOX/EVERETT/REX What can you tell us about your earliest boozing experience? I remember the first time I got really sick on alcohol. It was a pint


An eccentric or crazy person is informally referred to as having '(What?) in the belfry'?

Tue, 09 Dec 2014 09:25:00 +0000 Universally Challenged - the early rounds
Round 1

 So, the ‘Universally Challenged’ Inter-House Quiz started today with Belling (U6th) Vs Trew Day Girls (L6th).

 Many thanks to those of you who came to support your House, or (as was the case for most of the spectators) eat the vast array of e-numbers which were on offer!

 It was a bit of a shaky start;  Trew Day at one point having no team members turn up to participate, then being one short; but thanks to Chloe Spires a complete team was eventually prepared.

 The quick fire, first  General Knowledge round was less a case of ‘fastest- finger- first’; halted by Belling’s buzzer having ‘technical difficulties’ (and nothing at all to do with Victoria and Rebecca bashing it repeatedly *ahem*)

 Jocelyn impressed by correctly answering a question on international vehicle registrations for Trew, but sadly the Language Diversity bonus questions proved a little too baffling until Harriet’s wild guess at a Monsoon being a ‘Seasonal South Asia wind  and accompanying rainfall’! Sadly this turn of good fortune was not to last. Harriet then attempted an answer to the question: ‘An eccentric or crazy person is informally referred to as having ‘(What?) in the belfry’. Clue- an animal. Harriet’s answer- A racoon???!!!!!!!!!

 Belling fought back fiercely, despite Mrs Tarrega forgetting to keep score for both teams!

 Victoria’s startling knowledge of anatomy and Rebecca’s knowledge of weaponry put them back on track, despite the fact that Stephanie couldn’t tell a hexagon from a dodecahedron!

 Unfortunately  neither side could recall several key events from 2013- including the death of Nelson Mandela L

 Although moaning constantly that the questions were “Much harder than last year”, Belling were victorious with a 6 / 5 win against Trew Day girls.

 Tomorrow sees the tension mount as Senior battle it out with Lower Trew

Round 2

After Trew Day girls’ narrow defeat on Tuesday you could tell that the  L6th Team were feeling the pressure. Even Mrs Brown heroically sacrificed part of her day off to lend support to her girls…

The quick-fire rounds were certainly more that today- thanks to the yellow buzzer’s 24 hour recovery period after the pounding (literally) taken the day before at the hands of Victoria and Rebecca B!! Questions were asked, buzzers were pressed and answers were given- woohooo!

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Derived from Samuel Coleridge's 1798 'Rime of the Ancient Mariner' what is someone said to carry around his/her neck as a heavy guilt or liability?

Rime of the Ancient Mariner ~ S.T. Coleridge ~ Par Export Your Discussion Leader: Ginny Anderson 7% of your purchase returns to SeniorNet Ginny July 29, 2000 - 07:34 am Welcome to what I guess is the Preview Edition of our discussion of the Ancient Mariner which will begin on September 1. There are two new books out on Coleridge's life and I find that there's so much about STC I didn't dream of when I first read and loved this poem in the 9th grade. Back then, I didn't know or care what Death in Life meant and so cheerfully skipped over it as well as a lot of other things but now , my Friends, now that takes on a whole new meaning. What a stunning Epitaph he wrote for himself, note the last two lines: Mercy for praise--to be forgiven for fame-- He ask'd, and hoped through Christ. Do thou the same. . WHEW! What does THAT say to us in the fame seeking, "Survivor" driven 2000s? Do I sctually see the words "death in life" in that epitaph? Wowee, that gave me CHILLS! Join us here September 1, and help us figure it out with our new mantle of years of experience, we may surprise ourselves! ginny Barbara St. Aubrey July 29, 2000 - 09:33 am Ginny I do not know it this is your vidio or not but yesterday I was able to rent the Rime... put out by Kultur, narrated by Sir Michael Redgrave produced and directed by Raul Da Silva. It is 60 minutes color 1984 with six international film awards. It that the same one?? Ginny July 29, 2000 - 10:23 am THAT'S IT, Barb!! How was it? Am putting that description in the heading, is it worth watching? ginny Barbara St. Aubrey July 29, 2000 - 10:55 am Watched it with my grands-- I thought it was great-- I need to watch it again though in that they were a bit bored with all the explanation or rather the bio. We programed ahead and they liked hearing the poem. They are ages 6 and 9. Joan Pearson July 29, 2000 - 06:52 pm Those are two super kids, Barb! I think I need to be in here for this one, Miss Ginny! Whether we have completed the Canterbury pilgrimage  or no... Death in life is too much to pass by...the very words give me chills - me the one who has been so taken with "life after life" needs to give some thought to this juxtaposition. Big word, eh? Not even sure it fits, but it sure isn't an idea I have thought about much! See you here in September! Will go work on Canterbury, whipping those little palfreys right along to the end of the path! Ginny July 30, 2000 - 09:30 am Oh fabulous, Ella, Barb, Pat, Ginger, and the one and only Joan P, I agree, there is so much more here than I thought, and I welcome one and all, one thing for sure, we will get a lot out of this one. I'm looking forward to it with great anticipation, have forgotten what I did know about meter and iambs and will need all hands on deck for those sections but the WORDS, the RHYME and the sheer wonder of the reading is just an experience that maybe nobody should miss. I am looking forward to the video because I have never HEARD it read, either. The Dover edition has the poem on one side and the exquisite Dore engravings on the other, it's a huge, inexpensive paperback book and I truly recommend it, going to our Bookstore to see what it costs from B&N, I got mine from Dover itself. The entire poem is also available free, see the links, on the internet. I remember reading the Life in Death and shrugging my shoulders and moving on, I REMEMBER that because I had no idea what he was talking about. Fabulous, I am so excited! Together we can gain a new understanding about Coleridge and the poem and its concepts. I already know more about it than I did in the 9th grade (I think). hahahah MarjV August 1, 2000 - 08:26 am I am thinking I will dip my toes in here! Never have read it except for a bit in humanities in university eons ago. Marj robert b. iadeluca August 1, 2000 - 10:13 am I cheated the bookstore. I entered the Internet, used a Search Engine, and printed out a copy of "Rime of the Ancient Mariner." I'm ready!! August 1, 2000 - 03:53 pm Get outta here, this will be just amazing! Welcome, Fellow Mariners MarjV and R


Which nationality combines with 'auction', 'courage' and 'uncle' in referring to alternative/artificial versions?

2nd Quarter, Language Arts 09 | Utah Electronic High School 2nd Quarter, Language Arts 09 0.0 Start Here (LA 9) Course Description Engage in attentive reading, writing, and listening through complex works of literature. Perform critical reading of digital and printed material. Build knowledge and demonstrate strong reasoning abilities. These skills, in reading; writing; speaking; and listening, are the foundation for any purposeful expression in language Class Overview This is a one quarter (.25 credit) class in Utah State High School Language Arts.  WHAT THIS CLASS IS: This class is an open-entry, open-exit class. You can enroll at any time of the year, and finish the class as fast as you can get all the work done.  WHAT THIS CLASS IS NOT: This class is NOT an easy way to get your English credit without doing real work. You will be required to work and learn. PREREQUISITES At least 8th grade level reading and writing skills. A computer with internet access. A working e-mail address which you check regularly. Word processing software to type your assignments. Microsoft Word is best. Acrobat Reader, QuickTime reader, and a PowerPoint reader (all available free online). How You Will Be Graded You earn points for doing assignments in this class. Each assignment has a maximum number of points you can earn if you do an excellent job on that assignment. You must do all assignments. You can also submit a revised, improved version of an assignment to get more points for it. Your final grade is determined by your average on assignments, and how you do on the final test. The assignments and quizzes count 75%, and the final test counts 25%. GRADING SCALE D 60-69 No credit - below 60 As with all EHS classes, you must also pass a proctored final test at the end of the class. If you score below 60% on the final, you will fail the class and not earn credit.  If you score at least 60% on the final test, your score on the final will be averaged with your scores for class assignments and quizzes to determine your grade in the class.    Final Test When you have finished all the assignments you need for your credit, you will take the final test under the supervision of a proctor approved by the EHS. You must pass the final with at least 60% to pass the class.  About Homework Grading rubrics will specify how you will be graded on each assignment submission.  Class plagiarism policy Plagiarism is copying someone else's work, in any way, and failing to give credit to the original author. Plagiarism is unlawful and unethical, and against the EHS Honor Code.  How to turn in homework IMPORTANT: always save a copy of all your homework on your own computer. Send in each assignment when it is requested in the course module section.  About Me assignment:   Getting to know you! Copy and paste the following questions between the rows of asterisks below into a word document and answer them accordingly. ******************************************************************* In a numbered LIST, provide the following information: 1. What is your first and last name, parent(s) name(s), and contact information for both you and your parent(s)?  2. Where do you go to school?  3. What is your counselor's full name and email address/contact information?  4. What year will you graduate and have you read the EHS Honor Code and understand that this class needs to be finished within the 10 week limit? In a few sentences, tell me about yourself being sure to answer the following questions in the process:           a. Tell me something about yourself.            b. Why are you taking this class and what do you expect to get out of it?            c. What is one word that best describes you? By the way, here is the EHS honor code: "As a student of the Electronic High School, I agree to turn in my assignments in a timely manner, do my own work, not share my work with others, and treat all students, teachers, and staff with respect." 00.00 *Student-supplied Items for English 9 (LA 9) Most readings and viewings for this class are available free online or at your school or publ


A 46-year-old British woman made the news in 2014 when in Croatia she was married to her?

Woman who MARRIED dog tells This Morning 'I am totally her b****' - Mirror Online TV Woman who MARRIED dog tells This Morning 'I am totally her b****' During the bizarre interview host Phillip Schofield has to hold back laughter as her asks about Amanda Rodgers' life in the bedroom  Share Get celebs updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email Video Loading Click to play Tap to play The video will start in 8Cancel Play now Watch Next   Dog marrying Amanda Rodgers has appeared on television and defended her romantic ceremony with her pet pooch on ITV's This Morning . Earlier in the week it was reported that Amanda married her dog Sheba in Croatia, in a service which was attended by 200 people. Speaking to hosts Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby the 46-year-old divorcee said the pair were "meant to be". "She was two weeks old and she was new to the world - but I fell in love with her," Amanda said, when asked if they fell in love at first sight. "I knew that we were meant to be." Phillip and Holly then quizzed Amanda about her bizarre decision to marry her pet. Schofield said: "It's a big step to go from caring for your dog to marrying it - why did you get there?" "Yeah, I suppose you're right... there are different kinds of love - my love for Sheba is very deep. We have a deep connection." Did Sheba bark 'I do'? (Photo: ITV)   Then, staying ever-professional, the hosts asked about Amanda's love life. Whilst looking lovingly into her dog's eyes, Amanda explained: "Men don't come anywhere near the bedroom unless she agrees... One time I made a man sleep in the dog bed for a whole week." At the end of the interview Phillip seemingly had to hold back his laughter to ask a killer question. He said: "Do you think she knows?" "Yes, and I am totally her b****," Amanda replied sharply. Go on, laugh Phillip, you know you want to (Photo: ITV)   We're testing a new site: This content is coming soon Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent Most Read Most Recent


VK (VKontakte), QZone, Orkut, and XING are (at 2014) international competitors of?

Top International Social Networks You Didn’t Know Existed Top International Social Networks You Didn’t Know Existed Tags: Social Media • Social Networks Given the increasingly global world of commerce in which we live, business owners still take a highly ethnocentric approach to social media. While it is estimated that 76% of businesses use social network sites to promote their business, a very small number use social networks that are popular outside their own nation of origin. That is because, in some cases, businesses are not capable of fulfilling orders internationally. But businesses who provide services that can be purchased internationally should make an effort to establish an international social media presence that can be maintained on various social networks that see heavy usage in other countries.     China Because Facebook is banned in China, a number of regional sites have cropped up to fight for market share. Sina Weibo Literally translated to mean “New Wave Microblog,” Sina Weibo is a Chinese migroblogging website (akin to Twitter) in use by over 30% of Chinese Internet Users. Reported to have 368 million registered users in mid-2012, users post over 100 million messages every day. It’s heavily adopted by businesses: 5,000 businesses and 2,700 media organizations in China use Sina Weibo. Unique Properties: Sina Weibo is heavily used by celebrities and popular figures: the top 100 users had over 485 million followers combined, an average of one million followers each. If you get big on Sina Weibo, you get -very- big. Cons: Sina Weibo cooperates with the Chinese Government’s policy of internet censorship. Sina Weibo blacklists some keywords and the site does not support URL shortening services which can mask the identity of a site. Sina Weibo is estimated to employ 1,000 people specifically to monitor the massive influx of posts in compliance with censorship regulations. Opportunities for Businesses: The most evident opportunity is to partner with one of Sina Weibo’s most popular celebrities on an endorsement deal, which easily allows a business to reach tens of millions of fans throughout the network. Advertising and media agencies with a presence in China, like MediaCom, can help implement a strategy like this. Renren Literally translated as “Everyone’s Website,” Renren is a Chinese remake of Facebook. With 160 million registered users and a total of 31 million active users monthly, Renren is one of the most popular Chinese social networks. Unique Properties: On Renren, users earn “points” for activities like logging in, posting status messages, commenting, and receiving comments. As users earn points, their “level” on the site increases, which unlocks special emoticons, profile skins, and the ability to “go invisible” and view other users’ profiles without their knowledge. Renren also has a virtual currency, much like Facebook’s, which allows users to send gifts, exchange for social gaming perks, and advertise. Opportunities for Businesses: To us, Renren seems to be an opportunity much like Facebook. Set up a profile for your business and begin interacting with customers and fans to generate engagement. Douban Douban is another large Chinese social network, with 53 million registered users as of 2001. Cons: Douban exercises censorship in line with the Chinese Government’s policies. All content passed through Douban is censored. Experts are unsure whether or not Douban may be banned by the Chinese Government in 2013. Unique Properties: Douban provides an online music, movie, and book database that users can utilize as a recommendation engine. It serves ratings and reviews for both registered and unregistered users. Douban has a high index among intellectuals discussing social issues. Opportunities for Businesses: Particularly if your business is in the content industry, Douban provides an opportunity to reach new minds and start discussions about your content. It’s a must-have social network for music, book, or film publishers. Qzone A fast-growing social network with 597 million users and 150 million acti


Which city in Brazil has (early-2000s) the longest beach garden in the world, the busiest container port in Latin America, and Pele's football club?

Tourist Brazil Guide by Casa Cohiba - issuu issuu Casa Cohiba Brazil Info Guide through Brazil / Cumbuco Casa Cohiba Avenida Central do Cumbuco 2596 Phone: +55 85 8555 1678 Email: office@casa-cohiba.com Visit www.casa-cohiba.com & www.cumbuco-car-rental.com PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Wed, 16 Jan 2013 23:12:45 UTC Contents Articles Brazil References Article Sources and Contributors 72 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 73 Roman Catholic 64.6%, Protestant 22.2%, none 8.0% (2010 Census) Electricity In general 127V/60Hz with some cities using 220V/60Hz (North American or European plug); 110V/60Hz has been confirmed in use in S達o Paulo and most other sites do not mention 127V, but 110V. Calling Code Time Zone UTC -3 (-2 to -4) Brazil Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil), [1], is the largest country in South America and fifth largest in the world. Famous for its football (soccer) tradition and its annual Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Recife and Olinda. It is a country of great diversity, from the bustling urban mosaic of São Paulo to the infinite cultural energy of Pernambuco and Bahia, the wilderness of the Amazon rainforest and world-class landmarks such as the Iguaçu Falls, there is plenty to see and to do in Brazil. Understand Brazil was inhabited solely by indigenous people, mainly of the Tupi and Guarani ethnic groups. Settling by the Portuguese began late in the 16th century, with the extraction of valuable wood from the pau brasil tree, from which the country draws its name. Brazil was settled by the Portuguese and not the Spanish, as were the rest of Central, South and parts of North America in the New World. Despite Portuguese rule, some parts of Brazil formed a Dutch colony between 1630 and 1654. They founded several cities, such as Mauritsville, and many sugar cane plantations. The Dutch fought a grim jungle war with the Portuguese, and without the support of the Republic of their homeland due to a war with England, the Dutch surrendered to the Portuguese, though they did not officially recognize Portuguese rule, which led to an all-out war with Portugal off the coast of Portugal in 1656. In 1665 the Peace Treaty of The Hague was signed, Portugal lost its Asian colonies and had to pay 63 tons of gold to compensate the Dutch Republic for the loss of its colony. Brazil became the centre of the Portuguese Empire by 1808, when the King Dom João VI (John VI) fled from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The following four centuries saw further exploitation of the country's natural riches such as gold and rubber, alongside the rise of an economy based largely on sugar, coffee and African slave labor. Meanwhile, extermination and Christianizing of natives kept its pace, and the 19th and 20th Century saw a second wave of immigration, mainly Italian, German (in southern Brazil), Spanish, Japanese (In São Paulo State) and Portuguese, adding to the set of factors that generated today's complex and unique Brazilian culture and society. Following three centuries under the rule of Portugal, Brazil became an independent nation on September 7th, 1822. Until 1889 Brazil was an Empire under the rule of Dom Pedro I and his son Dom Pedro II. By this time, it became an emerging international power. Slavery, which had initially been widespread, was restricted by successive legislation until its final abolition in 1888. Perhaps this was the reason why the Empire was abolished in the following year: unhappy with the end of slavery, the ultraconservatives shifted their support to Republicanism and the Emperor was overthrown in a sudden coup d'état. By far the largest, most populous and prosperous country in Latin America, it has also overcome more than two decades (1964-1988) of military intervention in the governance of the country to pursue democratic rule, while facing the challenge of keeping its industrial and agricultural growth and developing its interior. Exploiti


The region of Baltistan (also called Baltiyul) in the Karakoram mountains, south of K2, the world's second highest mountain, is in?

Baltistan | བལྟིསྟན | بلتستان: Baltistan's Introduction. Sunday Baltistan's Introduction. Baltistan (Urdu): بلتستان), also known as (Baltiyul) in the Balti Language , is a region in northern Pakistan and India, now called Gilgit Baltistan, bordering the xiangan Autonomous Region of China. It is situated in the Karakuram mountains just to the south of k2, the world's second highest mountain. It is an extremely mountainous region, with an average altitude of over 3,350 m (11,000 ft). It is inhabited principally by Balti Shia Ithna Ashri, of Tibetan descent who converted from tebatian Buddish prior to the 16th century. There is a small minority of Bahais in Baltistan. Baltistan consisted of small independent valley states that were connected to each other through blood relationships of the rulers, called rajas, trade, common beliefs and strong cultural and language bonds. These states were subjugated by force by the Dogra rulers of Kashmir in the nineteenth century. In 1947 when India and Pakistan gained independence, Baltistan was still part of Kashmir. The people of Baltistan being predominantly Muslims revolted against the Dogra rulers and after a struggle lasting a year became independent. Along with Gilgit, it is now claimed by Pakistan as the region of Gilgit Baltistan. Its links with Kashmir as a subjugated people today continues to be an impediment in granting its population citizenship of Pakistan. The Kargil District of this region is located in the north of Indian Administrated Kashmir , while the districts of Skardu and Ganche, whose main town is Skardu, are located in the Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan region. The region has the highest peaks of the Karakoram, including K2. Geography: Baltistan forms the west extremity of Tibet, whose natural limits here are the Indus from its abrupt southward bend in 74 45 E., and the mountains to the north and west, separating a comparatively peaceful Tibetan population from the fiercer Aryan tribes beyond. Muslim writers about the 16th century speak of Baltistan as Little Tibet, and of Ladakh as Great Tibet, thus ignoring the really Great Tibet altogether. The Balti call Gilgit a Tibet, and Dr Leitner says that the Chilasi call themselves But or Tibetans; but, althoug these districts may have been overrun by the Tibetans, or have received rulers of that race, the ethonological frontier coincides with the geographical one given. Baltistan is a mass of lofty mountains, the prevailing formation being gneiss. In the north is the Baltro Glaicer, the largest out of the arctic regions, 35 miles (56 km) long, contained between two ridges whose highest peaks to the south are 25,000 ft (7,600 m) and to the north 28,265 ft (8,615 m). The Indus, as in Lower Ladakh, runs in a narrow gorge, widening for nearly 20 m. after receiving the shyouk . The capital, skardu, a scattered collection of houses, stands here, perched on a rock 7,250 ft (2,210 m). above the sea. The house roofs are flat, occupied only in part by a second storey, the remaining space being devoted to drying airports, the chief staple of the main valley, which supports little cultivation. . 29 August 2009 the government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan announced that the northern areas are a new province of Pakistan. and Gilgit city is its capital city. This province name is Gilgit-Baltistan. Balti Language: All people living in Baltistan are called Balti. The Greeks derived Byaltae froms-Balti, which in Tibetan means "water gorge." The historian ptolemy who was also a general in the army of Alexender The Great had named the region (Byaltae) in his book.] In fact Baltistan is the Persian translation of Baltiyul, “The Homeland of Balti”. The people belonging to Balti ethnicity are settled on both banks of the river Indus from Kargil (in the east) to Haramosh (in the west) and from Karakoram Range (in the north) to Deosai Planes (in the south). The Balti ethnicity is primarily Tibetan in origin, with some Darice admixture. However people migrated to this area in differen


What AA Milne children's book character is used as a metaphor in referring to someone who is pessimistic and gloomy?

1000+ images about Winnie-the-Pooh on Pinterest | Winnie the pooh, Pooh bear and Eeyore “It’s not much of a tail, but I’m sort of attached to it.” Oh, Eeyore, you’re so literal. Literally brilliant. See More