What type of flag signals the end of an auto race?

Flags used in Auto Racing This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website Flags used in Auto Racing La   Gazzetta dello Sport Formula 1 flags Auto Racing flags In auto racing some flags have a different meaning and there are some extra  flags. There are two main systems: 1. American: http://www.toolcity.net/~mel/flags.html as used in NASCAR, CART, etc.; 2. the rest of the world: http://www.f1cafe.pair.com/raceflags/ as used in Formula 1, Formula 3000, etc. Stefan Lambregts, 3 November 1999 Formula 1 flag rules These are the official rules that dictate the displaying of flags on F1  tracks. This is extracted from "Appendix H to the International Sporting Code  - Recommendations for the supervision of the road and emergency services" as published from the FIA and available at http://www.fia.com/regle/annexe_H/Appendix-H.htm 4 - SIGNALING In the supervision of the road, the Clerk of the Course (or his deputy)   and the observation posts rely largely on the use of signals to contribute   to the drivers' safety and enforce the regulations. Signals are given in daylight by different coloured flags which may be   supplemented, or under some circumstances replaced by, lights. Black and white signal boards of similar dimensions to the flags may also   be used for certain signals: these should be clearly specified in the   supplementary regulations of the event concerned. At night the flags may be replaced by lights and reflective panels, but   all drivers must be made aware of this at a briefing beforehand. Yellow   lights at each post are obligatory for events run at night (see paragraph   4.2. and Article 12). 4.1 Flags: The minimum size of all flags is 60cm x 80cm except the red and chequered   flags which should be at least 80cm x 100cm. 4.1.1) Flag signals to be used by the Clerk of the Course or his   deputy at the start line: a) National flag: This flag is normally used to start the race. The starting signal     should be given by lowering the flag which, for standing start events,     should not be raised above the head until all cars are stationary and in     no case for more than 10 seconds. Should the national flag not be used for any reason, the colour of     the flag (which should not cause confusion with any other flag described     in this Chapter), should be specified in the Supplementary Regulations. b) Red flag: image by Phil Nelson This flag should be waved at the start line when it has been decided     to stop a practice session or the race. Simultaneously, each observer's     post around the circuit should also wave a red flag. The red flag may also be used by the Clerk of the Course or his     nominee to close the circuit (see Article 2.3.c). c) Black and white chequered flag: image by Phil Nelson This flag should be waved and signifies the end of a practice session     or the race. d) Black flag: image by Phil Nelson This flag should be used to inform the driver concerned that he must     stop at his pit or at the place designated in the supplementary or     championship regulations on the next approach to the pit entry. If a     driver fails to comply for any reason, this flag should not be shown for     more than four consecutive laps. The decision to show this flag rests solely with the Stewards of the     Meeting, the team concerned will immediately be informed of the     decision. e) Black flag with an orange disc 40 cm in diameter: image by Phil Nelson This flag should be used to inform the driver concerned that his car     has mechanical problems likely to endanger himself or others and means     that the he must stop at his pit on the next lap. When the mechanical     problems have been rectified to the satisfaction of the chief     scrutinizer the car may rejoin the race. f) Black and white flag divided diagonally: image by Phil Nelson This flag should be shown once only and is a warning to the driver     concerned that he has been reported for unsportsmanlike behaviour. These last three


SparkNotes: Alexander the Great: Aristotle Alexander the Great Aristotle, page 2 page 1 of 2 When Alexander was thirteen, Philip, to this point not much involved in his son's upbringing, decided to choose a tutor for him. The result would become one of the most famous mentors-student relationships in history. Philip's reasons for choosing Aristotle were not purely academic. First, there was Aristotle's family connection: his father had served as court physician to an earlier Macedonian king. Moreover, Aristotle had previously served in the court of Hermeias in Atarneus, and an alliance there would be useful for Philip's plans to invade Persia. The position suited Aristotle as well. Not only did it offer a high honor and the chance to pursue his research under the most powerful of the Greek states, but it also gave him the opportunity to influence the development of that state's future leader. As the ultimate payment, Philip also restored Aristotle's native city of Stagira, which he had himself conquered years before. Alexander's education took place in a setting removed from the capital city of Pella, in the more isolated village of Mieza, within the so-called Precinct of the Nymphs. In this rural seclusion, Alexander was joined by several of his most notable peers, some of them future kings themselves. At Alexander's departure, Philip urged his son to work hard and to learn to avoid repeating his father's mistakes. In response, Alexander rebuked his father for having had children by other women. In this regard, Alexander seems to have been troubled not so much by any moral compunction, but rather concerned for future conflicts over succession to his father's throne. Alexander's ambition was therefore evident even at this stage, if not earlier. Alexander's education was for the most part formal, not the kind of life training that we might envision in a mentor relationship. Rather, the curriculum consisted mainly of standard subjects such as poetry, rhetoric, geometry, astronomy, and eristics–the practice of arguing a point from either side. Alexander developed a particular interest in medicine–and not merely a theoretical interest, for he actually prescribed treatments for sick friends throughout his life. When Alexander set off on his Asiatic invasion, he brought along with him a large group of zoologists and botanists, who returned with collected materials and information that would form the basis for several groundbreaking scientific works. Another of Alexander's favorite subjects was Greek poetry. He held an especially strong reverence for Homer, and he even saw the mythical Achilles as a model to follow in his own life. Though perhaps best known for his scientific treatises, Aristotle also published his Ethics and Politics, and his influence in these areas also reached Alexander. Aristotle asserted this influence particularly with regard to the so-called barbarians–a term that was used to characterize essentially all non-Greeks. Alexander himself was already passionately anti-Persian; and Aristotle provided him with the intellectual justifications for his fated and inherited mission. Aristotle believed that slavery was a natural institution, and that barbarians were by nature meant to be slaves. He therefore encouraged Alexander to be a leader to Greeks and a despot to barbarians, treating the former as friends and the latter as beasts. Aristotle saw barbarians as living only through and for their senses, incapable of rising above hedonism. Alexander, in his desire to follow a heroic paradigm, naturally placed great value on honor, and with it the virtues of self-control and self-denial. Therefore, in his own life he ate sparingly, gave generously while keeping little for himself, and had a cautious attitude toward sex. In these respects, Aristotle's influence was likely essential, for he pushed Alexander along a path that diverged greatly from the more precarious model set by his father. 1


USMC Motto USMC Motto   Marine         Corps Motto:  (excerpt from Warrior         Culture of the U.S. Marines, copyright 2001 Marion F.         Sturkey)  The Marine Corps adopted Semper         Fidelis as its official motto in 1883 (Semper         Fidelis is also the title of the official musical March of         the Marine Corps).  Translated         from Latin, Semper Fidelis means "Always Faithful."  U.S. Marines use an abbreviated verbal version, "Semper         Fi," to voice loyalty and commitment to their Marine         comrades-in-arms.  Previous         mottos of the Marine Corps were (1) To         the Shores of Tripoli, adopted in 1805; (2) Fortitude,         adopted in 1812; (3) From         the Halls of Montezuma to the Shores of Tripoli, adopted in         1848; and (4) By Sea and         by Land, adopted in the 1850's.


Many kings were just plain mad Home » famous » Many kings were just plain mad Many kings were just plain mad Caligula of Rome had his father, mother and two brothers killed to become emperor. Nero had his mother and first wife killed. These two emperors were hated so much by the people that all references to them were deleted from official Roman documentation. The first French king, Clovis II, went mad after stealing the arm of a martyr. His great-grandson, Childeric III was known as “the idiot”. The mother of Louis IX complained that he was “not sound of mind”. And his younger son, Robert of Clermont went mad after being hit on the head with a sledge hammer. Charles VI, called Charles the mad, ruled France from 1380 to 1415. At stages, he believed that he was made of glass and inserted iron rods into his clothing to prevent him from breaking. The Habsburg Kings of Spain descended from Queen Juana The Mad of Castile, who was mentally unstable. Her ancestors increased her inheritance by inbreeding. These incestuous marriages resulted in the mentally and physically handicapped King Carlos II of Spain, who had an enormous, misshapen head and a chin exaggerated to almost caricature-like proportions rendering him unable to chew and barely able to speak. Several British kings went mad as a result of a blood disorder that causes gout and mental derangement. The most famous was Mad George III, who ruled England in the 18th Century. George was afflicted with porphyria, a maddening disease which disrupted his reign as early as 1765. Several attacks strained his grip on reality and debilitated him in the last years of his reign. Keeping it in the family, in 1776 his sister, Princess Caroline Mathilda married, at age 15, the deranged Christian VII of Denmark. George III died blind, deaf and mad at Windsor Castle on January, 29 1820. The United States briefly enjoyed the services of a monarch, Emperor Norton I, who proclaimed himself Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico in 1859. He had all his “state proclamations” published in San Francisco’s newspapers and wrote letters that were seriously considered by Abraham Lincoln and Queen Victoria. Sun worshiping Aztecs celebrated the inauguration of Ahuitzol in 1486 by offering the hearts of 80,000 prisoners, presumably to show that their new king could sacrifice more than any of his predecessors.


What famous business mogul is famous for wearing a toupée, but swears he doesn't wear one?

Trump: I swear my hair is real | New York Post Trump: I swear my hair is real Modal Trigger Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump pulls his hair back to show that it is not a toupee while speaking during a rally on Aug. 27. AP Supporter Mary Margaret Bannister checks to see if Donald Trump’s hair is real during his speech Aug. 27 in Greenville, SC.AP Photo WASHINGTON — The polls show Donald Trump is for real, and on Thursday, he set out to prove his hair is, too. In his latest dizzying performance, the billionaire real-estate mogul defended his famous mane after The New York Times quoted a Spanish-language radio host who mocked him for supposedly wearing a hairpiece. “I don’t wear a toupee. It’s my hair,” Trump told a South Carolina crowd of 1,800 during a free-association speech, as he gently brushed the front of his hair with his hand. “You have to do an inspection — this is getting crazy,” Trump continued, to laughter. At that point, he invited a local woman on stage for an up-close exam. She strode to the podium, scrutinized the top of Trump’s head as he leaned over and delivered the verdict: “Yes, I believe it is.” It was just the latest in a growing body of evidence: An Iowa radio host rubbed Trump’s hair in January to confirm its authenticity. With the hair issue resolved, Trump went on to skewer his opponents, while reciting a flood of polling data that shows him far ahead of the GOP field. “The reason is we have a message, and the message is, essentially, we’re not gonna take it anymore!” Trump said to cheers from the Greenville audience. He also revealed some new structural details of the wall he says he would build on the US-Mexico border. “Can Trump build a wall?” he asked the crowd rhetorically. “And it’s going to be so beautiful and someday when I’m no longer around, they’re going to call it the Trump Wall.” As for building materials, “I’m probably talking about 50- or 60-foot precast panels,” Trump said — plus special X-ray equipment to ferret out tunnelers. “I’m so good at this,” he boasted. He read parts of a story from Thursday’s New York Times, detailing how listeners to a Spanish-language radio show called him “Hitler.” “Now, the Hitler one I’ve never heard of till this morning when I woke up,” Trump said. “I’m not a fan of Hitler.” At that point, Trump threw a copy of the newspaper into the air. The GOP presidential front-runner went on to rail against news anchors (“they’re not very smart”), Jeb Bush (fund-raising is “honestly the only thing he has. Without that, he’s got nothing”) and South Carolina GOP Sen. Lindsey Graham. “This guy, he’s out of control. So a poll came out the other day — he was at zero. Even Pataki was higher,” Trump mocked, getting in a dig at the former New York governor, too. Trump, meanwhile, has been looking to spend his billions on more than just his White House bid — The Post learned Thursday that he and business partner Alessandro Proto are inquiring into buying the Argentine sports club that owns the San Lorenzo soccer team. Additional reporting by Brian Lewis Share this:


How many consecutive strikes must be rolled to achieve a perfect series in bowling?

BOWL.com | California teen rolls 900 series California teen rolls 900 series News Home Matt Cannizzaro April 23, 2012 ARLINGTON, Texas - Anyone looking for Jimmy Schmitzer of Riverside, Calif., usually can find him at a local bowling center competing in one of his seven leagues or tossing up to an additional 100 practice games each week. The 18-year-old's hard work and dedication paid off when he rolled 36 consecutive strikes for a 900 series in the Green River Vegas mixed league at Brunswick Classic Lanes in Norco, Calif., on Friday night. The league consists of 17 five-player teams, and more than 100 people crowded around to see the final frame. The accomplishment still is pending approval from the United States Bowling Congress, but would make the teen the 20th bowler in history to achieve the feat. John Martorella Sr. of Greece, N.Y., rolled a perfect series on April 12, and the two would own the 20th and 21st USBC-approved 900 series. "I was pretty nervous through the first six the last game, but after that, I knew I had the momentum and really thought I could do it," Schmitzer said. "It was the best moment of my life. It was great having everyone there, and I knew my mom and dad would be happy for me." Schmitzer is naturally left-handed, but uses a two-handed delivery and attacks the pins from the right side of the lane. He developed the unique style when he was 8 years old and never felt comfortable with a more traditional release. With the full support of his parents, who were league bowlers many years ago, he took on the challenge of adult leagues and tournaments beginning with the 2010-11 season and has seen vast improvement. His average climbed from the low 200s a couple of years ago to 239 at the end of his first adult season. Since moving up, Schmitzer has rolled four additional perfect games and four 800 series, so he was in somewhat familiar territory Friday, at least for the first game. "He's bowled 300s and 800s before, and we were very happy for him when he shot the first one last night," said Schmitzer's mother, Marti. "When he got the second one, we couldn't believe it. When he started the third game, I just couldn't handle it. I started shaking and had to go outside. When he got through the last frame, I broke down. We're so happy for him." Schmitzer's ultimate goal is to find success as a professional bowler, but in the short-term, he and his family are headed to Las Vegas, where he plans to join the bowling team at the University of Nevada-Las Vegas (UNLV). "We're at the bowling alley seven days a week, whether it's for league or just practice," said Schmitzer's father, Jim. "We're there to support him, not only financially, but to guide him. We coached him when he was younger, and we're there when he gets outside coaching, too. There's nowhere else he'd rather be, and we'll be behind him no matter what." The first USBC-approved 900 occurred Feb. 2, 1997 when Jeremy Sonnenfeld rolled three consecutive perfect games in Lincoln, Neb. There has never been a 900 on Sport Bowling lane conditions. USBC-Approved 900 Series (21)


"Who wrote the music to ""West Side Story""?"

Stephen Sondheim: My 'West Side Story' Lyrics Are 'Embarrassing' - ABC News ABC News Stephen Sondheim: My 'West Side Story' Lyrics Are 'Embarrassing' By JOHN BERMAN Stephen Sondheim finds the music from "West Side Story," one of the most revered musicals of all time, downright "embarrassing." And he should know. He wrote the lyrics. "It embarrasses me," he said. "It's very hard for me to listen to some of those songs." Only a man who has won eight Tony Awards, two Grammys, a Pulitzer Prize and an Oscar could get away with saying something like that. That man is the 80-year-old composer-lyricist, Stephen Sondheim. He is a true Broadway legend. Most theater buffs have heard (or sung) at least one of Sondheim's most famous scores, which include, "Sweeney Todd," "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum," "Into the Woods," "Company," "Sunday in the Park with George," "Assassins" and "Follies." He also wrote the lyrics for "Gypsy" and then, of course, "West Side Story." There's even a Broadway theater named after him. Earlier this year, the Henry Miller Theater on West 43rd Street in New York City became the Stephen Sondheim Theater, another event in his career that the composer was somewhat uncomfortable with. "Embarrassing. Thrilling but embarrassing," Sondheim said. "First of all, I've never been fond of my name. 'Sondheim' ... doesn't sing." Then, of course, there have been constant celebrations, honors, birthday tributes and praises from Sondheim's other prestigious colleagues, including actress Bernadette Peters, who called him "a walking, living icon." Again, the great composer blushed. "It's really nice, but it's also embarrassing," Sondheim said. "My tendency, my desire is 'leave me alone, just let me ride.'" Then he added about watching his life's work unfold: "What's great about standing in the back of the theater while the show is going on is if the audience doesn't like it, you can go to the bar right next door and have a drink." Sondheim: 'When I Write Words, I'm Very Careful' A new world of publicity has opened up for Sondheim. He is now an author, having just finished his first book, "Finishing the Hat." It's a collection of his lyrics and memories of a Broadway career that has spanned more than 50 years. The trick, he said, to producing such rich material is lying down on his couch. "I think I like writing lying down because I like to fall asleep in the middle," he said. He is meticulous in the way he works, writing only with soft, Blackwing pencils -- a brand that went out of production for years, so he bought a lifetime supply. "Luckily, when they were in their heyday, I bought boxes and cartons of them because they wear out so quickly." He also is scrupulous in how he produces his craft. "When I write words, I'm very careful," he said. "When you write lyrics, there are so few lyrics in the song, so few words ... in a lyric that each one has enormous weight. You know, a line in a song is like a scene in a play." There's more to his enormous musical success than just lying on his couch and using a special kind of pencil. Sondheim was taken under the wing of another impressive Broadway legend, Oscar Hammerstein, who was like a surrogate father to Sondheim in his teenage years. "One of the things I learned early on about theater and all art is art needs surprise, otherwise it doesn't hold an audience's attention," Sondheim said. "Theater needs surprise, so I like to surprise myself and I want to surprise the audience." He has been full of surprises. "Company," which opened on Broadway in 1970, was the first musical without a defined, linear plot. "Sweeney Todd" debuted on Broadway in 1979 and featured the "Demon Barber of Fleet Street," while, on a sweeter note, the 1987 Broadway production of "Into the Woods" was a delightful romp through children's fairy tales about what really happens after "happily ever after." Despite his massive success, Sondheim also has been met with fierce critics over the decades, many of whom have said his music is too cold, impersonal, difficult to sing and lacks mass appeal.


Who was Lucille Ball's real-life husband, 1940-1960?

Lucille Ball - Biography - IMDb Lucille Ball Biography Showing all 159 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (4) | Trivia  (90) | Personal Quotes  (38) | Salary  (19) Overview (5) Queen of the B movies The First Lady of Television Lucy 5' 6½" (1.69 m) Mini Bio (1) The woman who will always be remembered as the crazy, accident-prone, lovable Lucy Ricardo was born Lucille Desiree Ball on August 6, 1911 in Jamestown, New York. Her father died before she was four, and her mother worked several jobs, so she and her younger brother were raised by their grandparents. Always willing to take responsibility for her brother and young cousins, she was a restless teenager who yearned to "make some noise". She entered a dramatic school in New York City, but while her classmate Bette Davis received all the raves, she was sent home; "too shy". She found some work modeling for Hattie Carnegie 's and, in 1933, she was chosen to be a "Goldwyn Girl" and appear in the film Roman Scandals (1933). She was put under contract to RKO Radio Pictures and several small roles, including one in Top Hat (1935), followed. Eventually, she received starring roles in B-pictures and, occasionally, a good role in an A-picture, like in Stage Door (1937) or The Big Street (1942). While filming Too Many Girls (1940), she met and fell madly in love with a young Cuban actor-musician named Desi Arnaz . Despite different personalities, lifestyles, religions and ages (he was six years younger), he fell hard, too, and after a passionate romance, they eloped and were married in November 1940. Lucy soon switched to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where she got better roles in films such as Du Barry Was a Lady (1943); Best Foot Forward (1943) and the Katharine Hepburn - Spencer Tracy vehicle Without Love (1945). In 1948, she took a starring role in the radio comedy "My Favorite Husband", in which she played the scatterbrained wife of a Midwestern banker. In 1950, CBS came knocking with the offer of turning it into a television series. After convincing the network brass to let Desi play her husband and to sign over the rights to and creative control over the series to them, work began on the most popular and universally beloved sitcom of all time. With I Love Lucy (1951), she and Desi pioneered the 3-camera technique now the standard in filming sitcoms, and the concept of syndicating television programs. She was also the first woman to own her own studio as the head of Desilu Productions. Lucille Ball died at home, age 77, of an acute aortic aneurysm on April 26, 1989 in Beverly Hills, California. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Tommy Peter Spouse (2) Red hair and blue eyes Famous for her fake wailing when something bad happens to her Husky voice Her trademark 'spider face' when something goes wrong for her, accompanied by an "eugh" sound. Trivia (90) Received the Women's International Center (WIC) Living Legacy Award posthumously in 1990. Originally interred at Forest Lawn (Hollywood Hills), Los Angeles, California, USA, Columbarium of Radiant Dawn, Court of Remembrance. In 2003, she was re-interred in the Ball family plot in Lake View Cemetery, Jamestown, New York. A comment from a member of the preview audience of Follow the Fleet (1936) about bit-player Ball: "You might give the tall gum chewing blonde more parts and see if she can't make the grade - a good gamble." Ball and Barbara Pepper met early in their careers when they were both "Goldwyn Girls" and remained lifelong friends. During a Barbara Walters interview, Jane Fonda claimed that her father, Henry Fonda , was deeply in love with Lucille Ball and that the two were "very close" during the filming of Yours, Mine and Ours (1968). Was the first woman to own her own film studio as the head of Desilu Productions. Was awarded 2 Stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Motion Pictures at 6436 Hollywood Boulevard; and for Television at 6100 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. She signed her first promotional agreement with Max Factor in 1935 and again in 1942. Of all the stars, she had the


What political party did Tony Blair lead?

I hope Tony Blair didn't lead the Labour Party in vain | The Independent Comment I hope Tony Blair didn't lead the Labour Party in vain Those who support Jeremy Corbyn should have more respect for the words of one of their most successful leaders Wednesday 22 July 2015 17:09 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Does Tony Blair mean nothing to the Labour Party? Did he live and lead his party in vain? The surge in support for Jeremy Corbyn's leadership bid certainly suggests so. All the experts say the new intake of Labour MPs is much to the left of their predecessors, a reversal of a trend to the right that began in the 1990s. While Conservatives such as George Osborne and Michael Gove admire and envy Mr Blair’s political talents, treating his memoirs as a political manual, the man they call “The Master” is ignored and reviled in his own party. Despite all that, Mr Blair is to make a “rare” intervention in domestic politics today to warn the Labour Party not to “lurch to the left”. I wish I could be confident his party will take much notice of him. Mr Blair and New Labour pent quite a lot of time fretting about the Tories, even when the Conservative party, in government under John Major and then in opposition under William Hague, Iain Duncan Smith and Michael Howard was hopelessly divided and incompetent. Blair, Brown, Mandelson, Blunkett, Prescott, even, all spent far too much of their political lives under Margaret Thatcher to underestimate their opponents. The Conservatives dominated twentieth century British politics, and were sometimes described as the most formidable force in the history of democratic politics. Blair and New Labour could never quite believe that they had vanquished the opposition, even after it had happened. When Labour became complacent about the Conservative enemy, as in 2010 and 2015, and took risks with the political capital built up so carefully by Tony Blair, things very quickly went awry. I know that Blair's wars alienated many supporters and put a real dent in the 2005 general election result, but Blair still won that one. Read more Tony Blair on Jeremy Corbyn: his speech in full What Blair and his allies were less concerned about as the years went on was the Left. By the mid-1990s it was down to a rump, and various overhauls of the Labour leadership rules meant that it became more and more difficult for it to spring back to life. With the exception of Ken Livingstone’s resurgence in London, it never did. Ed Miliband shifted his party a bit to the left in the mistaken belief that the country had edged that way, but he was hardly the “red Ed” portrayed by his enemies. The Left though was not dead; it was merely resting. Tony Blair lived in vain. And yet, with the surge in support for Jeremy Corbyn, a man with an unexpected degree of momentum now (a vital quality, as my colleague Steve Richards pointed out on the Today programme), we can see what little legacy Tony Blair actually left behind. Many of those voting in the leadership election think that the Conservative government is an aberration; that sooner or later an honest leftist programme backed by “working people” and appealing to a national sense of fairness will prevail over those selfish Tories. If it doesn’t, well the country has only itself to blame. MPs and activists actually think like this, or leastways they must do so judging by their actions. It is a really appalling attitude to condemn a generation – their friends, families, fellow trade unionists, constituents - to reduced life chances, greater poverty and, indeed, the country to a tragic waste of its human capital. The MPs who condescendingly decided to “lend” Mr Corbyn their nomination for leader are the guilty men and women of 2015. For them it will be OK; a salary of £73,000 plus exes, often in a safe seat for life,  and the best club in Europe at their disposal. They can go to rallies in Trafalgar Square and march around for jobs, and hang about on Unison picket lines salving their consciences - but not saving a single child from having a rubbish education that wil


Bad Breath Causes, Treatments, and Prevention Bad breath , medically called halitosis, can result from poor dental health habits and may be a sign of other health problems. Bad breath can also be made worse by the types of foods you eat and other unhealthy lifestyle habits. How Does What You Eat Affect Breath? Basically, all the food eaten begins to be broken down in your mouth .  If you eat foods with strong odors (such as garlic or onions), brushing and flossing -- even mouthwash -- merely covers up the odor temporarily. The odor will not go away completely until the foods have passed through your body. Why Do Poor Habits Cause Bad Breath? If you don't brush and floss teeth daily, food particles can remain in your mouth , promoting bacterial growth between teeth , around the gums, and on the tongue . This causes bad breath . Antibacterial mouth rinses also can help reduce bacteria. In addition, odor-causing bacteria and food particles can cause bad breath if dentures are not properly cleaned. Smoking or chewing tobacco -based products also can cause bad breath, stain teeth , reduce your ability to taste foods, and irritate your gums. What Health Problems Are Associated With Bad Breath? Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth may be a warning sign of gum (periodontal) disease. Gum disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on teeth. Bacteria cause the formation of toxins to form, which irritate the gums. If gum disease continues untreated, it can damage the gums and jawbone. Other dental causes of bad breath include poorly fitting dental appliances, yeast infections of the mouth, and dental caries (cavities). The medical condition dry mouth (also called xerostomia) also can cause bad breath. Saliva is necessary to moisten the mouth, neutralize acids produced by plaque, and wash away dead cells that accumulate on the tongue, gums, and cheeks. If not removed, these cells decompose and can cause bad breath. Dry mouth may be a side effect of various medications , salivary gland problems , or continuous breathing through the mouth. Many other diseases and illnesses may cause bad breath. Here are some to be aware of: respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis , chronic sinus infections, postnasal drip , diabetes , chronic acid reflux , and liver or kidney problems. Continued What Can I Do to Prevent Bad Breath? Bad breath can be reduced or prevented if you: Practice good oral hygiene. Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste to remove food debris and plaque. Brush teeth after you eat (keep a toothbrush at work or school to brush after lunch). Don't forget to brush the tongue, too. Replace your toothbrush every 2 to 3 months or after an illness. Use floss or an interdental cleaner to remove food particles and plaque between teeth once a day. Rinse with an antibacterial mouthwash twice a day. Dentures should be removed at night and cleaned thoroughly before being placed in your mouth the next morning. See your dentist regularly -- at least twice a year. He or she will conduct an oral exam and professional teeth cleaning and will be able to detect and treat periodontal disease, dry mouth , or other problems that may be the cause of bad mouth odor. Stop smoking and chewing tobacco-based products. Ask your dentist for tips on kicking the habit. Drink lots of water. This will keep your mouth moist. Chewing gum (preferably sugarless) or sucking on candy (preferably sugarless) also stimulates the production of saliva, which helps wash away food particles and bacteria. Gums and mints containing xylitol are best. Keep a log of the foods you eat. If you think they may be causing bad breath, bring the log to your dentist to review. Similarly, make a list of the medications you take. Some drugs may play a role in creating mouth odors. Who Treats Bad Breath? In most cases, your dentist can treat the cause of bad breath. If your dentist determines that your mouth is healthy and the odor is not of oral origin, you may be referred to your family doctor or to a specialist to determine the odor source and treatment


What alcoholic beverage is traditionally consumed at the Kentucky Derby?

Kentucky Derby Drinks | The Liquor.com Kentucky Derby Guide Keep your favorite recipes & other stuff in one place, organized how you want. Login or Join to save this now. Liquor.com's Guide to the Kentucky Derby Like a thoroughbred thundering down the track, the Kentucky Derby is just around the corner. So dig out your best Derby hat and check out our guide to Kentucky Derby drinks that includes some of our favorite bourbon articles and cocktail recipes—including several Mint Juleps, of course. No matter which horse you’re rooting for, you’ll feel like a winner. Featured Recipes This delicious bourbon cocktail is what happens when a Manhattan and an Old Fashioned hang out together. Follow Liquor.com:


Technically speaking, who elects the U.S. President?

Who Actually Elects the President? You are here: Home / Candidates / Who Actually Elects the President? Who Actually Elects the President? December 12, 2011 By Jonathan Your vote does not elect the president. In fact, history is filled with instances where the legitimate winner of the popular vote actually lost to his opponent in a presidential race. Citizens actually vote for electors for their state who, in turn, vote for the president. Our constitution set up a system where each state could select a slate of people who would choose the president, called electors, equal in size to their Congressional delegation. For example, in 2012, Missouri will have 10 people in Congress — 2 senators and 8 representatives — so they will have 10 electors. Although states were free to choose their electors however they wanted, all ended up allowing their citizens to vote for electors. Each elector has to follow a few rules. They must cast separate votes for President and Vice President and at least one of their votes must be for a person who is not from their state. While electors pledge to cast their votes for a specific candidate, only 29 states actually have laws requiring them to do that and some scholars feel that the state laws are unconstitutional. As such, electors are technically free to vote for whoever they want although, in practice, they very rarely fail to vote for their designated candidate. Most states operate on a winner-takes-all system where the candidate who gets the most votes ends up with all of the electors. The electors then meet in an electoral college at their state’s capitol on the Monday after December’s second Wednesday to cast their votes. The results of every state’s votes are sealed and sent to the Senate to be opened on January 6. Due to the winner-takes-all nature of most states’ presidential voting systems, it is possible for a candidate to win the presidency while losing the popular vote. This has happened twice – in the 1888 election of Benjamin Harrison and in the 2000 election of George W. Bush. To understand how this can happen, consider the states of New Hampshire and Rhode Island, both of which had 4 electors. Bush won New Hampshire by 7211 votes, but Gore won Rhode Island by 118,953 votes. Although the tally in the Electoral College was a 4-4 tie, the popular vote was a very lopsided 404,114 to 515,856 in Gore’s favor. When you really think about how our founding fathers designed our electoral system, this outcome is perfectly fair. Ultimately, we do not elect the president. The states each choose electors to elect the president based on our input. Given that our union was originally conceived as a union of states, this system is appropriate. http://www.fec.gov/pdf/eleccoll.pdf


What Italian city was once led by a doge?

SparkNotes: Italian Renaissance (1330-1550): Venice and Milan (1300-1499) Venice and Milan (1300-1499) Rome: The Depths of Corruption and the Rise of the Golden Age Venice and Milan (1300-1499), page 2 page 1 of 2 Summary Situated on the Adriatic Sea, Venice traded with the Byzantine Empire and the Moslem world extensively. During the late thirteenth century, Venice was the most prosperous city in all of Europe.  At the peak of its power and wealth, it had 36,000 sailors operating 3,300 ships, dominating Mediterranean commerce. During this time, Venice's leading families vied with each other to build the grandest palaces and support the work of the greatest and most talented artists. The city was governed by the Great Council, which was made up of members of the most influential families in Venice. The Great Council appointed all public officials and elected a Senate of 200 to 300 individuals. The Senate hen chose the Council of Ten, a secretive group which held the utmost power in the administration of the city. One member of the great council was elected 'doge,' or duke, the ceremonial head of the city. The Venetian doge ruled for life under a system of constitutional monarchy. The Doge of Venice ruled in great splendor, and laws were passed in his name, but his power was severely limited by the Great Council, and most notably, the Council of Ten. In 1423, Francesco Fosari became doge. He ruled with excessive grandeur and exercised far greater power than had past doges, aggressively pursuing a policy of western expansion. Many in the Great Council thought he had usurped too great a degree of power. To torment and control the doge, the Council of Ten falsely accused his son, Jacopo, of treason, and began a long process during which Jacopo was exiled, readmitted, tortured, and exiled again, all the while refusing to allow the doge to resign. Finally, when the Council of Ten was satisfied that its message had gotten across, they forced Fosari to resign, affirming its power over the monarch. Throughout the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, Venice was assailed at sea by the Ottoman Turks and on land by the so-called Holy League against Venice, which sought to knock Venice from its pedestal of arrogance. The city survived the onslaught, however, by relying on its strength in sea trade. Milan, the most northern of the major Italian city-states, came to dominate the Po River valley. The city's strategic location along trade lines and as a gateway to Italy from the north necessitated a strong military state. Due to the need for strong leadership, Milan became a strong monarchy under a succession of powerful dukes. The Visconti family ruled as dukes almost continuously from 1317 to 1447, maintaining the stability of the volatile region through military might. At the height of their power they controlled nearly all of northernmost Italy. In 1447 the last Visconti died, and the Milanese attempted to install a republic. The republic proved unable to protect the city's military interests, and in 1450, Francesco Sforza, a professional soldier, seized control of the government. His family would rule Milan for years to come. The most well known of his descendents, Ludovico Sforza, played the part of the archetypical Italian Renaissance prince, surrounding himself with intrigue and corruption. Though Ludovico was not the rightful duke of Milan and was known to use coercion and manipulation to achieve his political goals, for a time the city of Milan flourished in his care. Under Ludovico, known as 'Il Moro,' Milan was extraordinarily wealthy and its citizens participated in a splendid and excessive social culture. Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci were attracted to the glamour and wealth of Milan and flocked to the city in search of commissions. In the late 15th century, in an effort to reduce the troublesome power of his in-laws and enemies, the royal family of Naples, Ludovico promised King Charles VIII of France free passage through Milan and into Napl


"What famous document starts: ""When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary..."""

America's Founding Documents | National Archives America's Founding Documents These three documents, known collectively as the Charters of Freedom, have secured the rights of the American people for more than two and a quarter centuries and are considered instrumental to its founding and philosophy of the United States. Declaration of Independence The Charters of Freedom The Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights, collectively known as the Charters of Freedom, have guaranteed the rights and freedoms of Americans for over 200 years. The spectacular new book The Charters of Freedom-"A New World Is At Hand" written by Alice Kamps, Curator at the National Archives, showcases the National Archives' renovated Rotunda, the newly re-encased Charters of Freedom, and the exhibition that flanks their permanent display. The book describes the dramatic events that culminated in these historic documents, the materials and techniques used in their creation and conservation, and their adventures on the road to a permanent safe haven at the National Archives. The Charters of Freedom Bundle Facsimiles These elegant facsimiles on parchment paper of the Charters of Freedom: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights, are all three here offered to you in one bundle. These historic facsimiles are perfect for educational purposes or to decorate your home or office. Please note: The Constitution facsimile in this bundle has all four pages of the original document on one sheet. The original Charters of Freedom are on permanent display in the Rotunda at the National Archives Museum.   The Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom Located on the upper level of the National Archives museum, is the permanent home of the original Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, and Bill of Rights. Designed by architect John Russell Pope as a shrine to American democracy, the ornate Rotunda with its soaring domed ceiling also features two murals by Barry Faulkner, depicting fictional scenes of the “presentations” of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.


What canal connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea?

Suez Canal: History and Overview - Geography Geography Suez Canal Connects the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea Egptian Suez Canal Has Been Center of Conflict The guided missile destroyer USS Scott transits the Suez Canal.  Getty Images Suez Canal Construction History Although the Suez Canal wasn't officially completed until 1869, there is a long history of interest in connecting both the Nile River in Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It is believed that the first canal in the area was constructed between the Nile River delta and the Red Sea in the 13th Century B.C.E. During the 1,000 years following its construction, the original canal was neglected and its use finally stopped in the 8th Century. The first modern attempts to build a canal came in the late 1700s when Napoleon Bonaparte conducted an expedition to Egypt. He believed that building a French controlled canal on the Isthmus of Suez would cause trade problems for the British as they would either have to pay dues to France or continue sending goods over land or around the southern part of Africa. continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge Studies for Napoleon's canal plan began in 1799 but a miscalculation in measurement showed the sea levels between the Mediterranean and the Red Seas as being too different for a canal to be feasible and construction immediately stopped. The next attempt to build a canal in the area occurred in the mid-1800s when a French diplomat and engineer, Ferdinand de Lesseps, convinced the Egyptian viceroy Said Pasha to support the building of a canal. In 1858, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was formed and given the right to begin construction of the canal and operate it for 99 years, after which time, the Egyptian government would take over control of the canal. At its founding, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was owned by French and Egyptian interests. Construction of the Suez Canal officially began on April 25, 1859. It opened ten years later on November 17, 1869 at a cost of $100 million. Suez Canal Use and Control Almost immediately after its opening, the Suez Canal had a significant impact on world trade as goods were moved around the world in record time. In 1875, debt forced Egypt to sell its shares in ownership of the Suez Canal to the United Kingdom . However, an international convention in 1888 made the canal available for all ships from any nation to use. Shortly thereafter, conflicts began to arise over use and control of the Suez Canal. In 1936 for example, the U.K. was given the right to maintain military forces in the Suez Canal Zone and control entry points. In 1954, Egypt and the U.K. signed a seven year contract that resulted in the withdrawal of British forces from the canal area and allowed Egypt to take control of the former British installations. In addition, with the creation of Israel in 1948, the Egyptian government prohibited the use of the canal by ships coming and going from the country. Also in the 1950s, the Egyptian government was working on a way to finance the Aswan High Dam . Initially it had support from the United States and the U.K. but in July 1956, both nations withdrew their support and the Egyptian government seized and nationalized the canal so passage fees could be used to pay for the dam. On October 29 of that same year, Israel invaded Egypt and two days later Britain and France followed on grounds that passage through the canal was to be free. In retaliation, Egypt blocked the canal by intentionally sinking 40 ships. These events were known as the Suez Crisis. In November 1956, the Suez Crisis ended when the United Nations arranged a truce between the four nations. The Suez Canal then reopened in March 1957 when the sunken ships were removed. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the Suez Canal was closed several more times because of conflicts between Egypt and Israel. In 1962, Egypt made its final payments for the canal to its original owners (the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company) and the nation took full control of the Suez Canal. The Suez


Zeus Zeus See More Zeus Pictures > Zeus was the god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian gods. He overthrew his father, Cronus , and then drew lots with his brothers Poseidon and Hades , in order to decide who would succeed their father on the throne. Zeus won the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods, as well as lord of the sky and rain. His weapon was a thunderbolt which he hurled at those who displeased or defied him, especially liars and oathbreakers. He was married to Hera but often tested her patience, as he was infamous for his many affairs. Zeus , the presiding deity of the universe, ruler of the skies and the earth, was regarded by the Greeks as the god of all natural phenomena on the sky; the personification of the laws of nature; the ruler of the state; and finally, the father of gods and men. Using his shield, the Aegis , Zeus could create all natural phenomena related to the air and the sky, such as storms, tempests, and intense darkness. At his command, mighty thunders would flash and lightnings would roll, wreaking havoc; or the skies would open to rejuvenate the earth with life-giving water. As the personification of the operations of nature, he represented the grand laws of unchanging and harmonious order, by which both the natural and the spiritual world were governed. He was the god of regulated time as marked by the changing seasons and the regular succession of day and night, in contrast to what his father Cronus represented before him; absolute time, i.e. eternity. As the ruler of the state, he was the source of kingly power, the upholder of all institutions connected to the state, and the friend and patron of princes, whom he guarded and assisted with his advice and counsel. He was also the protector of the people, and watched over the welfare of the whole community. As the father of the gods, Zeus ascertained that each deity perform their individual duty, punished their misdeeds, settled their disputes, and acted towards them on all occasions as their all-knowing counsellor and mighty friend. As the father of men, he took a paternal interest in the actions and well-being of mortals . He watched over them with tender solicitude, rewarding truth, charity, and fairness, while severely punishing perjury and cruelty. Even the poorest and most forlorn wanderer could find a powerful advocate in Zeus , for he, as a wise and merciful paternal figure, demanded that the wealthy inhabitants of the earth be attentive to the needs of their less fortunate fellow citizens. Zeus Is also called Jupiter, Dias.


In the jungle, the mighty jungle, the lion does what?

The Lion King Lyrics - "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" Lead male vocal Translations of Zulu Lala kahle [Sleep well] In the jungle, the mighty jungle The lion sleeps tonight In the jungle, the mighty jungle The lion sleeps tonight (Chorus) Imbube Ingonyama ifile [The lion's in peace] Ingonyama ilele [The lion sleeps] Thula [Hush] Near the village, the peaceful village The lion sleeps tonight Near the village, the peaceful village The lion sleeps tonight (Chorus) Ingonyama ilele [The lion sleeps] Hush, my darling, don't fear, my darling The lion sleeps tonight Hush, my darling, don't fear, my darling The lion sleeps tonight He, ha helelemama [He, ha helelemama] Ohi'mbube [lion] (Chorus) Ixesha lifikile [Time has come] Lala [Sleep] Lala kahle [Sleep well] Near the village, the peaceful village The lion sleeps tonight Near the village, the peaceful village The lion sleeps tonight (Chorus) My little darling Don't fear, my little darling My little darling Don't fear, my little darling Ingonyama ilele [The lion sleeps]


Princess Diana - Biography - IMDb Princess Diana Biography Showing all 50 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (2) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (2) | Trivia  (27) | Personal Quotes  (13) Overview (5) 5' 10" (1.78 m) Mini Bio (2) Princess Diana was born July 1, 1961 at 7:45pm weighing 7lb 12oz at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk, England. She had her christening at Sandringham Church in Norfolk. Her full name is Lady Diana Frances Spencer. On July 29, 1981 she married her Prince Charming - Prince Charles of Wales, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II . On June 21 1982 her first son was born - Prince William Arthur Phillip Louis Windsor. Two years later, on September 15 1984, Diana's second and youngest son was born - Prince Henry Charles Albert David Windsor. Later on she said that the time she was expecting Harry was the best time she and Charles ever had they were getting along so well. On August 26 1996, the "Fairy-Tale" marriage was over. A year later on August 31 1997, much of the world was in a state of mourning - their beloved Princess died in a car accident with boyfriend Dodi Fayed , along with the driver of the car. The only survivor was Dodi's bodyguard, Trevor Rees-Jones. Diana today is still remembered by many as the "People's Princess". She will always be remembered. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Lexie <Lexiie22@hotmail.com> Princess Diana was born Diana Frances Spencer on July 1, 1961. Her parents were Edward John Spencer and Frances Ruth Burke Roche, Viscount and Viscountess Althorp, later Earl and Countess Spencer. When she was 6 her parents split up and her mother got married to Peter Shand Kydd. Diana lived with her father her two older sisters and her younger brother Charles. When she was about 8 she was sent to boarding school. After that she went to another boarding school and then finally to a school in Switzerland where only French was spoken. She was not what one would call an academic, and actually would be considered a high school drop out. When she was at her final boarding school in England she met Prince Charles for the first time. He was dating Diana's sister Sarah at the time and Diana was so exited about finally meeting him that she could not concentrate on her O level exams the following week. It was only when her grandfather died that she inherited the title of Lady. Diana lived in an apartment with roommates and was a nanny and a school teacher when she got engaged to the Prince of Wales, Prince Charles . They got married in the summer of 1981 and on July 21 1982, Prince William Arther Phillip Louis was born. On September 15 1984, she had Prince Henry Charles Albert David. Her marriage started to fail then. In 1992 she and Prince Charles separated and in 1996 they divorced. She then lost the privilege of being called Her Royal Highness. In 1996 she fell in love with Dodi Fayed , the son of the owner of Harrods Department Store in London. On the night of August 31 1997, they were both tragically killed in a motor accident when the car they were in collided with a beam on the Pont D'Alma near the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Her funeral was held on September 6 1997, just 9 days before Henry's 13th birthday. She is buried on an island at her ancestral home at Althorp. - IMDb Mini Biography By: CRR Spouse (1) Trivia (27) Buried on an island in Althorp, Northamptonshire, England, UK. Has two sons with Prince Charles: Prince William (b. 21 June 1982) and Prince Harry Windsor (b. 15 September 1984). Former daughter-in-law of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip . "Candle in the Wind", the Elton John song about Marilyn Monroe , was changed to fit her, and performed by John at her funeral. Coincidentally, both women died at age 36. Had her look-alike puppet in the French show Les guignols de l'info (1988). Her death was used by Jean-Pierre Jeunet as a plot device for Amélie (2001). Invited Supermodel Cindy Crawford to Buckingham Palace for dinner, when Prince William had a secret crush on the model. Distantly related to actor Humphrey Bogart , who was her seventh cousin. Once referred to Camill


What was the first Arab country to recognize Israel?

Arab League refuses recognizing Israel as 'Jewish state' — RT News Tags Conflict , Military , Obama , Politics , Human rights , Law , Netanyahu , USA , Robert Bridge , Israel , Sanctions , Abbas The statement underscores the seemingly impassable chasm that has  prevented a diplomatic solution to the decades-old  Israeli-Palestinian conflict. "The council of the Arab League confirms its support for the  Palestinian leadership in its effort to end the Israeli  occupation over Palestinian lands, and emphasizes its rejection  of recognizing Israel as a 'Jewish state'," Arab foreign  ministers said in a statement in Cairo on Sunday. The Palestinians seek the recognition of statehood in the West  Bank, Gaza Strip, with the capital situated in east Jerusalem.  The United States, Israel’s powerful ally, supports the concept,  which has been rejected by Netanyahu. The seven-page Arab resolution on the Israeli-Palestinian crisis  said it rejects “the demand by Israel and some international  parties to identify Israel as a Jewish state, which aims to annul  the right of return and compensation for Palestinian  refugees.” Arab League chief, Nabil Elaraby, urged Arab countries to take a “firm stand” against the Israeli conditions. “This is a deviation from the international resolutions  agreed upon as a basis for the Palestinian-Israeli negotiations,  which requires a firm Arab stand to … reevaluate the negotiation  track as a whole, and to strongly express definite Arab rejection  of this serious turn,” he told the opening session of the  meeting. Netanyahu, however, appears more determined than ever to stick to  his guns on the issue. "In recognizing the Jewish state you [Palestinians] would  finally make clear that you are truly prepared to end the  conflict," Netanyahu said in a speech to AIPAC, the powerful  pro-Israeli lobby in Washington on Tuesday. "So recognize the Jewish state, no excuses, no delays. It is  time," he said. The Palestinians argue that Benjamin Netanyahu has been the first  Israeli leader to make recognition of Israel as a Jewish state a  condition for granting the Palestinian people their own state. The Palestinian Authority says that recognizing Israel as a “Jewish State” would de jure declare the Palestinians  living in Palestine as illegitimate, possibly exposing them to  discrimination. It would also effectively eliminate any ‘right of  return’ for the millions of Palestinians who were forced from  their homes after Israel was granted state status by the United  Nations in 1948. The UN estimates the number of Palestinian refugees and their  descendants at 4.98 million - over half Israel's present  population of some 8.1 million people. Abbas has said that the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)  already recognized the state of Israel in 1993. "We recognized Israel in mutual recognition in the Oslo  agreement - why do they now ask us to recognize the Jewishness of  the state?" he asked. "Why didn't they present this demand to Jordan or Egypt when  they signed a peace agreement with them?" Abbas added. In a speech last month, Abbas also sought to calm Israel’s fear  of millions of Palestinians flooding its borders in the event of  a peace agreement, saying: "We do not seek either to flood  Israel with millions [of refugees] or to change its social  composition." Meanwhile, the clock is ticking on US Secretary of State John  Kerry’s April-29 deadline for reaching a “framework  agreement” between the two sides. Washington, despite its strong commitment to Israel, seems to be  losing patience with Netanyahu. Ahead of the Israeli leader’s meeting last week in Washington, US  President Obama warned that the United States may not be able to  protect Israel if a two-state solution with the Palestinians  fails. If Netanyahu “does not believe that a peace deal with the  Palestinians is the right thing to do for Israel, then he needs  to articulate an alternative approach,” Obama told Bloomberg  in an interview. “There comes a point where you can’t manage  this a


Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory A Word About Species Names... Many people wonder why scientists use complicated, hard to pronounce names when speaking about familiar animals and plants.  Common names such as blue crab, redfish, and dolphin are successfully used in casual communication, and convey an immediate idea of what a particular animal or plant looks like.  Scientists avoid using common names because they are often not specific to a particular species.  For instance, the blue crab is only one of many species of crabs that can be described as blue.  In the Indian River Lagoon alone, there are several species of "blue crabs":  the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), the lesser blue crab (Callinectes similis), the red blue crab (Callinectes bocourti), the ornate blue crab (Callinectes ornatus), and the blue land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi).  Common names can also be confusing in other respects. Another familiar problem occurs when a species has more than one common name. For example, the striped mullet,  Mugil cephalus, is found all over the world, and has a variety of common names (striped mullet, black mullet, sea mullet, flathead mullet, and gray mullet) which are used in different regions.  Still another problem arises when a species is so obscure that it has no common name.  Thus, to avoid any confusion or ambiguity in scientific research, biologists use scientific names in identifying species. What's in a Name? The system of naming species was first developed by Swedish botanist and physician, Carolus Linnaeus in the mid- 1700s.  Linnaeus is the father of the branch of biology called taxonomy, which seeks to describe, name and classify organisms. His system of naming species, still in use today, begins with assigning all species a two-part Latin name called a binomial.  The first word of the binomial is the genus name of the species, and the second word is the specific epithet for the species.  For example (see figure above), the scientific name for the blue crab  is Callinectes sapidus.  Callinectes, the genus name, is the collective term which includes many species of crabs closely related to the blue crab.   The specific epithet, sapidus, describes exactly which of the Callinectes species is being identified. How does Taxonomy Work? Linnaeus' original classification system is based on 2 main goals.  The first is to distinguish between closely related species and assign them as separate species based on differences in specific traits called diagnostic characters.  The second goal of taxonomy is to organize groups of similar species into broader and more collective categories.   For example, the species name for the domestic cat is Felis catus.  Felis denotes the genus name for this species, while catus denotes the unique specific epithet for the species.   The housecat is closely related to several other feline species such as the bobcat, Felis rufus, and the cougar, Felis concolor, so they are all placed in the same genus. Members of the genus Felis are also related, though less closely, to other cat genera such as Panthera, which includes lions, leopards and tigers;  and Leopardus, which includes the ocelots.  Because the members of all of these genera are cats, they can be grouped together under the family Felidae. At the Order level, cats are grouped with other animals that are quite different in physical appearance and general behavior, but with whom they share other basic attributes.  In this case, cats, dogs, bears and some other groups are all predators that hunt and prey upon other animals.  They are thus grouped together in the Order Carnivora, which includes meat eating animals. At the Class level, cats and other predatory animals are grouped with non-predators with whom they share specific biological traits.  In this case cats, dogs, bears, sheep, horses, cows, giraffes, whales, and many other groups, including people, belong to Class Mammalia (mammals).  All mammals have hair, are warm-blooded, and give birth to live young which feed via mammary glands. At the Phylum level, cats are included with


What is the average human body temperature (in Celsius)?

Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature) - The Physics Factbook Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature) Campbell, Neil A. Biology. 3rd ed. California: Benjamin Cummings, 1987: 790. "… a human can maintain its 'internal pond' at a constant temperature of 37 °C" 37 °C "Temperature, Body." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: Field Enterprises, 1996. "… a healthy, resting adult human being is 98.6 °F (37.0 °C)" 37.0 °C Simmers, Louise. Diversified Health Occupations. 2nd ed. Canada: Delmar, 1988: 150-151. "… the normal range for body temperature is 97 to 100 degrees fahrenheit or 36.1 to 37.8 degrees celsius" 36.1–37.8 °C Eisman, Louis. Biology and Human Progress. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1972: 125. "… fairly constant temperature of 98.6 degrees" 37.0 °C McGovern, Celeste. "Snatched From an Icy Death." Alberta Report/Western Report. Academic Abstracts: United Western Communications, 1994: 2. "… core body temperature … the normal 37 °C" 37.0 °C The normal core body temperature of a healthy, resting adult human being is stated to be at 98.6 degrees fahrenheit or 37.0 degrees celsius. Though the body temperature measured on an individual can vary, a healthy human body can maintain a fairly consistent body temperature that is around the mark of 37.0 degrees celsius. The normal range of human body temperature varies due to an individuals metabolism rate, the higher (faster) it is the higher the normal body temperature or the slower the metabolic rate the lower the normal body temperature. Other factors that might affect the body temperature of an individual may be the time of day or the part of the body in which the temperature is measured at. The body temperature is lower in the morning, due to the rest the body received, and higher at night after a day of muscular activity and after food intake. Body temperature also varies at different parts of the body. Oral temperatures, which are the most convenient type of temperature measurement, is at 37.0 °C. This is the accepted standard temperature for the normal core body temperature. Axillary temperatures are an external measurement taken in the armpit or between two folds of skin on the body. This is the longest and most inaccurate way of measuring body temperature, the normal temperature falls at 97.6 °F or 36.4 °C. Rectal temperatures are an internal measurement taken in the rectum, which fall at 99.6 °F or 37.6 °C. It is the least time consuming and most accurate type of body temperature measurement, being an internal measurement. But it is definitely, by far, not the most comfortable method to measure the body temperature of an individual. Lena Wong -- 1997 Standardized Result Mackowiak, P.A., Wasserman, S. S., and Levine, M. M. A Critical Appraisal of 98.6 Degrees F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and Other Legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich . Journal of the American Medical Association. 268, 12 (23-30 September 1992): 1578-80. "Our findings conflicted with Wunderlich's in that 36.8 degrees C (98.2 degrees F) rather than 37.0 degrees C (98.6 degrees F) was the mean oral temperature of our subjects …. Thirty-seven degrees centigrade (98.6 degrees F) should be abandoned as a concept relevant to clinical thermometry …." 36.8 °C "Fever: finding the right temp." Nursing 93. 23 (June 1993): 82. [Abstract Source:  FirstSearch . H.W. Wilson. 1997.] "Abstract: A recent study of body temperature in 148 healthy adults revealed that only 8 percent of 700 readings were "normal", i.e., 98.6 °F or 37 °C. In addition, diurnal, sex, and racial differences were observed. It is suggested that a feverish state may not be implied unless the body temperature exceeds 99.9 °F or 37.7 °C." not 37 °C Mackowiak P.A., Worden G. Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich and the evolution of clinical thermometry . Clinical Infectious Diseases. 18, 3 (March 1994): 458-67. [Find this paper! Not just the abstract.] [Find it!] Cutnell, John D. & Kenneth W. Johnson. Physics. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 1995: 392. "What is your normal body temperature? It's probably not


What human organ is composed of atriums and ventricles?

Left Ventricle Function, Definition & Anatomy | Body Maps Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Left ventricle The left ventricle is one of four chambers of the heart. It is located in the bottom left portion of the heart below the left atrium, separated by the mitral valve. As the heart contracts, blood eventually flows back into the left atrium, and then through the mitral valve, whereupon it next enters the left ventricle. From there, blood is pumped out through the aortic valve into the aortic arch and onward to the rest of the body. The left ventricle is the thickest of the heart’s chambers and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body. By contrast, the right ventricle solely pumps blood to the lungs. Various conditions may affect the left ventricle and interfere with its proper functioning. The most common is left ventricular hypertrophy, which causes enlargement and hardening of the muscle tissue that makes up the wall of the left ventricle, usually as a result of uncontrolled high blood pressure. Another condition that may impact this area is left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy, in which the muscle tissue surrounding the left ventricle is spongy or “non compacted;” however, this condition is rare.


In Canada, what happens on the second Monday of October?

Canadian Thanksgiving Canadian Thanksgiving When is Canadian Thanksgiving 2017? James Baigrie / Getty Images What's Open/Closed Thanksgiving | Canada Fall Travel Deals | Best Places to See Fall Foliage Canadian Thanksgiving 2017 Overview Like the United States, Canada gives thanks for its good fortune once a year and the population eats itself silly with turkey, stuffing and mashed potatoes. Whereas American Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November, in Canada the second Monday of October is a statutory, or public, holiday. This year, Canadian Thanksgiving falls on Monday, Oct 9, 2017. The Canadian Thanksgiving holiday is officially observed on the second Monday of October, however people generally get together for their Thanksgiving meal on any one of the three days of this three-day holiday weekend. Although Canadians do tend to get together on Thanksgiving weekend, the holiday is not as big a celebration in Canada as it is in the U.S., where Thanksgiving is the year's biggest holiday occasion. Nevertheless, Thanksgiving weekend is a popular time for Canadians to gather with family, so more people than usual are traveling on that weekend. continue reading below our video Tipping Etiquette Around the World Canadian Thanksgiving: A Brief History The first government sanctioned Thanksgiving holiday in Canada took place in November 1879, though it wasn't until 1957 that the date was set to the second Monday each October.  In fact, though Thanksgiving is so closely associated with celebrations in the United States, the very first Thanksgiving is thought to have occurred in Canada, in 1578, when English explorer Martin Frobisher touched down in the Canadian Arctic after crossing the Pacific Ocean in search of the Northwest Passage. This first is disputed by some because the thanks being given was not for a successful harvest but for staying alive after a long, dangerous journey.  Thanksgiving in Quebec In Quebec , Thanksgiving, or, action de grâce  as it is known there, is quite a different holiday altogether. Though celebrated by the English-speaking population in Quebec, Thanksgiving is not really observed by French Canadians who do not carry on with turkey and family get-togethers. Black Friday in Canada Traditionally, Canada has not had a big shopping day after Thanksgiving the way the United States does. This has changed since about 2014 when stores in Canada began offering big discounts, especially targeted at Christmas shoppers, on the day after American Thanksgiving. Though still not the shopping phenomenon that it is in the U.S., Black Friday as of 2015 saw major shopping malls open early and attract more shoppers than usual, even requiring police presence and traffic and parking supervisors. Boxing Day - December 26th - is the equivalent to the American Black Friday in terms of sales and shopping extravaganzas in Canada. Like other public holidays in Canada , many businesses and services shut down, though Quebec sees fewer closures. When is the Thanksgiving Holiday in Canada? 2015: Monday, Oct 12


Wales Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com Language: English, Welsh, Wenglish, others Largest Cities: (by population) Cardiff, Swansea, Newport, Merthyr, Cwmbran, Wrexham, Neath, Bridgend, Llanelli, Port Talbot Name: The Anglo-Saxon word for "foreign land" was "Wælas". This word was used for the lands of Wales as well as other lands occupied by Celtic-Britons National Day: St. David's Day, March 1, a feast day celebrated as a cultural and patriotic festival that honors the patron saint of Wales. Religion: Christianity 72%, None 18.5%, other 8%, Non-christian religions 1.5%


Who trained dogs to salivate at the ring of a bell?

Pavlov's Dog Pavlov's Dog Ivan Petrovich Pavlov   (1849-1936) Who was Ivan Pavlov? The Russian scientist Ivan        Petrovich Pavlov was born in 1849 in Ryazan, where        his father worked as a village priest. In 1870 Ivan        Pavlov abandoned the religious career for which he        had been preparing, and instead went into science.        There he had a great impact on the field of        physiology by studying the mechanisms underlying the   digestive system in mammals. For his original work in this   field of research, Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize   in Physiology or Medicine in 1904. By then he had   turned to studying the laws on the formation of   conditioned reflexes, a topic on which he worked   until his death in 1936. His discoveries in this   field paved the way for an objective science of   behavior.   Pavlov's drooling dogs While Ivan Pavlov worked to        unveil the secrets of the digestive system, he also        studied what signals triggered related phenomena,        such as the secretion of saliva. When a dog        encounters food, saliva starts to pour from the        salivary glands located in the back of its oral        cavity. This saliva is needed in order to make the        food easier to swallow. The fluid also contains        enzymes that break down certain compounds in the        food. In humans, for example, saliva contains the   enzyme amylase, an effective processor of starch. Pavlov became interested in   studying reflexes when he saw that the dogs drooled   without the proper stimulus. Although no food was in   sight, their saliva still dribbled. It turned out   that the dogs were reacting to lab coats. Every time   the dogs were served food, the person who served the   food was wearing a lab coat. Therefore, the dogs   reacted as if food was on its way whenever they saw a   lab coat. In a series of experiments,   Pavlov then tried to figure out how these phenomena   were linked. For example, he struck a bell when the   dogs were fed. If the bell was sounded in close   association with their meal, the dogs learnt to   associate the sound of the bell with food. After a   while, at the mere sound of the bell, they responded   by drooling.   Different kinds of   reflexes Reflexes make us react in a        certain way. When a light beam hits our eyes, our        pupils shrink in response to the light stimulus. And        when the doctor taps you below the knee cap, your leg        swings out. These reflexes are called unconditioned,        or built-in. The body responds in the same fashion        every time the stimuli (the light or the tap) is        applied. In the same way, dogs drool when they   encounter food. Pavlov's discovery was that   environmental events that previously had no relation   to a given reflex (such as a bell sound) could,   through experience, trigger a reflex (salivation).   This kind of learnt response is called conditioned   reflex, and the process whereby dogs or humans learn   to connect a stimulus to a reflex is called   conditioning. Animals generally learn to   associate stimuli that are relevant to their   survival. Food aversion is an example of a natural   conditioned reflex. If an animal eats something with   a distinctive vanilla taste and then eats a tasteless   poison that leads to nausea, the animal will not be   particularly eager to eat vanilla-flavoured food the   next time. Linking nausea to taste is an   evolutionarily successful strategy, since animals   that failed to learn their lesson did not last very   long.   Why were Pavlov's findings given so much   acknowledgment? Pavlov's description on how        animals (and humans) can be trained to respond in a        certain way to a particular stimulus drew tremendous        interest from the time he first presented his


Myanmar - Union of Myanmar - Country Profile - Burma - Asia ___ Myanmar - Burma Destination Myanmar. Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia, also known as Burma, its also called the Golden Land. With an area of 676,578 km² the country is almost twice the size of Germany or slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Texas . Myanmar is bordered in north and northeast by China , in east by Laos and Thailand , in south by the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal and in west by Bangladesh and India . With 5,881 m (19,295 ft) Mount Hkakabo Razi in Kachin state on the border tri-point with China and India is the highest elevation in Myanmar and Southeast Asia's highest mountain. Main rivers are the Chindwin and the Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) river. Myanmar has a population of 51.4 million people (2014 census). Largest city, former capital, and the economic center of Myanmar is Yangon , capital is since 2005 the planned city of Naypyidaw . Spoken languages are Burmese. On this pages you will find comprehensive information about Myanmar, or Burma in its diversity, its geography, economy, people, culture, environment, government and history. You will have access to newspapers from Myanmar and you will find travel and tourism information.   Landscape near Mrauk U a town in in northern Rakhine State. Image © nationsonline.org Capital City since 6 November 2005: Naypyidaw (Nay Pyi Taw) Other Cities: Yangôn (Rangoon, pop. 5 million), Mandalay (pop. 700 000) Government: Type: nominally civilian government (since 29th March 2011, when Burma's military handed over power). The new political system came into effect after an election in November 2010. Constitution: 3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988 when latest junta   took power). Burma has been under military authority since 1962. Geography: Location: Southeast Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Area : 676,578 km² (261,228 square miles). Terrain: A land of hills and valleys rimmed in the north, east and west by mountain   ranges forming a giant horseshoe. Enclosed within the mountaion barriers are the   flat lands of Ayeyarwaddy, Chindwin and Sittaung River valleys where most of the   country's agricultural land and population are concentrated. Climate: Tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest   monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower   humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April). People: Nationality: Burmese. Population : 51.4 million (2014 census) Ethnic groups: according to Myanmar's Ministry of Foreign Affairs there are 8   Major National Ethnic Races in Myanmar, which all comprises different ethnic groups:   the Kachin, the Kayah, the Kayin, the Chin , the Mon, the Bamar, the Rakhine,   and the Shan. according to the CIA World Factbook the ethnic groups are: Burman 68%, Shan 9%,   Karen 7%, Arakanese 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5%. Religions: Buddhism (89.2%), Christianity (5.0%), Islam (3.8%), Hinduism (0.5%),   Spiritualism (1.2%) and others (0.2%). Languages : Burmese; Myanmar is a union of 135   ethnic groups with their own languages and dialects. Literacy: 90% (2003 official Government of Burma statistics); estimates of functional   literacy are closer to 30% Natural resources: Timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead,   coal, limestone, precious stones like jade, ruby and sapphires, natural gas, hydropower,   and some petroleum. Agriculture Products: Rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts, sugarcane,   hardwood, fish and fish products. Industries: Agricultural processing; knit and woven apparel; wood and wood   products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals;   fertilizer; cement. Former Flag of Myanmar (1974 - 2010)   Background: Previously an independent kingdom, Burma was annexed by the British Empire into the colony of India in 1886. The occupation brought social, economic, cultural and administrative changes to the once-feudal society. The Japan ese Empi


July is named for this man, and there's a good reason why | Dictionary.com Blog July 1, 2014 by:  Dictionary.com 62 Comments July, unlike June , is named for a mortal, albeit one who devised and ruled an empire. Julius Caesar was a Roman general, statesman, and historian who conquered  Gaul (what is now part of Italy, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands), changed the structure of the Roman government into a dictatorship, was assassinated in legendary fashion, and most importantly for our purposes, helped make the calendar what it is today. Caesar is responsible for the year as we know it having 365 days, and for the existence of a leap year every four years. How did this Julian Calendar change things? The early Roman calendar had an  intercalary month called Intercalans that was 27 or 28 days long, added once every two years after February 23rd. For years including Intercalans, the remaining five days of February were omitted. Our contemporary calendar is still pretty much the same system Caesar instituted more than 2000 years ago. July was named in honor of Julius Caesar. When Julius Caesar died, Quintilis, which was his birth month, was renamed with July. Quintilis means “fifth month” in Latin, which represents where this month originally fell in the Roman calendar. (If you think the story behind July is odd, check out  why Tuesday is Tiw’s Day .) Another of Julius Caesar’s legacies is the C section . The Caesarian section is “an operation by which a fetus is taken from the uterus by cutting through the walls of the abdomen and uterus.” It is thought that Julius Caesar himself was born in this way. December 13, 2016 Comments Off < >


Policyholders - Lloyd's - The world’s specialist insurance market. Also known as Lloyd's of London; is a market where members join together as syndicates to insure risks. Useful links There is no central policy or claims database at Lloyd's. In the event of a claim, policyholders should always follow the instructions set out in the insurance policy. The proper parties to be notified should be specified in the policy and they should be notified in accordance with the claims procedure of that policy. Communication about the claim should take place between the insured and its agent, broker or the entity that sold the insurance to the insured. It is their responsibility to communicate with the Lloyd’s underwriters with whom they placed the insurance. Other Inquiries Lloyd’s is not an agent for claims notifications on behalf of underwriters and should be approached only where normal lines of communication may have broken down. It is possible that Lloyd’s may not be able to identify the underwriter(s) or otherwise be of assistance. We will attempt to assist inquirers, but in doing so, Lloyd’s does not accept any legal responsibility. Lloyd’s – the Legal entity that oversees the businesses operating in the Lloyd’s Market - is not the appropriate party for Service of Suit or Tenders of Defense and Indemnity. Such items have to be served on underwriters/their nominated agents. Notification to Lloyd’s is not a substitute for notifying claims in accordance with the terms of the policy or in accordance with legal requirements. In order for us to provide assistance, in addition to a description of the issue you are experiencing, you will need to include the following information: Policyholder name US broker contact information (if available) Type of policy Copy of any insurance documentation you have with regard to the policy. Verification of Cover inquiries and reports of suspicious activities Verification of cover inquiries should be directed to your insurance broker initially. Where however you are unable to contact your US agent or broker in order to verify insurance coverage or if you wish to report suspicious activity, a request for assistance should be sent to Regulatory@lloyds.com . Making a Complaint To make a complaint with regard to an insurance policy issued by underwriter(s) in the Lloyd’s market you can send an email to complaints@lloyds.com or send a fax to (800) 481-3121. Service of Suit Suits arising from policies written by Lloyd’s underwriters may be served upon: Mendes & Mount 750 Seventh Avenue New York, NY 10019 If you're a Lloyd's policyholder and have a question about your policy or need to make a claim, you should contact your insurance agent or the party named on the Declarations page of the policy as being responsible for handling claims. Additional Guidance How do I get loss runs? You should contact your insurance agent or the party named on the Declarations page of the policy as being responsible for handling claims. How do I make a complaint? To make a complaint with regard to an insurance policy issued by underwriter(s) in the Lloyd’s market you can send an email to complaints@lloyds.com or send a fax to (800) 481-3121. In order for us to provide assistance, in addition to a description of the issue you are experiencing, you will need to include the following information: Policyholder name US broker contact information (if available) Type of policy Copy of any insurance documentation you have with regard to the policy. I have a question about my Lloyd's policy. Who should I contact? You should contact your insurance agent or the party named on the Declarations page of the policy as being responsible for handling claims. What does Lloyd's insure? Can Lloyd's write insurance in my state? Underwriters at Lloyd's insure nearly every class of business in the US, except life, workers comp, and financial guarantees. Underwriters at Lloyd's are authorised surplus lines insurers in all US states and territories, and admitted insurers in Illinois, Kentucky, and the USVI. How do I get a quote from Lloyd's or find


Wile E. Coyote is an enthusiastic customer of what company?

ACME | Looney Tunes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] Origin The name "Acme" became popular for businesses by the 1920s, when alphabetized business telephone directories such as the Yellow Pages began to be widespread. There were a flood of businesses named "Acme" (some of these still survive). For example, early Sears catalogs contained a number of products with the "Acme" trademark, including anvils, which are frequently used in Warner Bros. cartoons, particularly in Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote cartoons. Fictional Depiction The company is never clearly defined in Road-Runner cartoons, but appears to be a conglomerate which produces every product type imaginable, no matter how elaborate or extravagant - none of which ever work as desired or expected. In the Road-Runner cartoon Beep, Beep , it was referred to as "Acme Rocket-Powered Products, Inc." based in Fairfield, New Jersey. Many of its products appear to be produced specifically for Wile E. Coyote; for example, the ACME Giant Rubber Band, subtitled "For Tripping Road Runners." Sometimes, ACME can also send living creatures through the mail, though that isn't done very often. Two examples of this are the ACME Wild-Cat, which are used on Elmer Fudd and Sam Sheepdog (which doesn't maul its intended victim, due to the former having a gun and the latter being a big dog); and ACME Bumblebees in one-fifth bottles (which sting Wile E. Coyote). The Wild Cat is used in the shorts Don't Give Up the Sheep and A Mutt in a Rut , while the bees are used in the short Zoom and Bored . While their products leave much to be desired, ACME delivery service is second to none; Wile E. can merely drop an order into a mailbox (or enter an order on a website, as in the Looney Tunes: Back In Action movie), and have the product in his hands within seconds. In one of the later cartoons, it is revealed that ACME is "A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary Of Roadrunner Corporation," suggesting that The Road-Runner possibly controlled the nature of the products that Wile E. ordered so that they would backfire. Appearances The name "Acme" is used as a generic corporate name in a huge number of cartoons, comics, television shows (as early as an I Love Lucy episode), and film (as early as Buster Keaton's 1920 silent film Neighbors and Harold Lloyd's 1922 film Grandma's Boy). Examples which specifically reference the Wile E. Coyote meme include: Animated Films, TV series The Tiny Toon Adventures series expanded on ACME's influence, with the entire setting of the show taking place in a city called " ACME Acres ." The show's young protagonists attend " ACME Looniversity ." Calamity Coyote often bought products from the fictional Acme company in his quest to catch the roadrunner Little Beeper . In one episode, the company revealed its slogan: "For fifty years, the leader in creative mayhem." Calamity once sued the company in a People's Court spoof, and its chairman, an anthropomorphic rat named Bobbo Acme, tries to prove its products really do work and any mishaps are caused by operator error. The 1998 film Quest For Camelot shows a potion made by witches, shown to be coming from ACME. It is bought by Sir Ruber, the film's villain, who uses it to turn his followers into golem soldiers to take over the kingdom of Camelot. The 2003 Comedy/Adventure film Looney Tunes: Back In Action shows the head offices of ACME, revealed to be a multinational corporation whose executive officers are led by a villain named " Mr. Chairman ," portrayed by Steve Martin . The animated Action-Adventure series Loonatics Unleashed is set in Acmetropolis . In The Simpsons episode Last Tap Dance In Springfield, rat traps Chief Wiggum uses to catch a culprit are made by the company Wile E. Coyote patronized. In Family Guy, Peter is seen running an ACME store and Wile E. Coyote is complaining about some of the products he purchased which failed and mentions his many years of being an ACME customer. Peter offers to give him store credit. In Wakko's Wish , The Warner Siblings ( Yakko ,  Wakko , and  Dot ) and other characters live in the


Switzerland:   Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities Switzerland has First-Ever Female Majority in Cabinet Geography Switzerland, in central Europe, is the land of the Alps. Its tallest   peak is the Dufourspitze at 15,203 ft (4,634 m) on the Swiss side of the   Italian border, one of 10 summits of the Monte Rosa massif. The tallest   peak in all of the Alps, Mont Blanc (15,771 ft; 4,807 m), is actually in   France. Most of Switzerland is composed of a mountainous plateau bordered   by the great bulk of the Alps on the south and by the Jura Mountains on   the northwest. The country's largest lakes—Geneva, Constance (Bodensee),   and Maggiore—straddle the French, German-Austrian, and Italian borders,   respectively. The Rhine, navigable from Basel to the North Sea, is the   principal inland waterway. Government Federal republic. History Called Helvetia in ancient times, Switzerland in 1291 was a league of   cantons in the Holy Roman Empire. Fashioned around the nucleus of three   German forest districts of Schwyz, Uri, and Unterwalden, the Swiss   Confederation slowly added new cantons. In 1648 the Treaty of Westphalia   gave Switzerland its independence from the Holy Roman Empire. French revolutionary troops occupied the country in 1798 and named it   the Helvetic Republic, but Napoléon in 1803 restored its federal   government. By 1815, the French- and Italian-speaking peoples of   Switzerland had been granted political equality. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna guaranteed the neutrality and   recognized the independence of Switzerland. In the revolutionary period of   1847, the Catholic cantons seceded and organized a separate union called   the Sonderbund , but they were defeated and rejoined the   federation.


What is the tallest mountain in Africa? | Reference.com What is the tallest mountain in Africa? A: Quick Answer Kilimanjaro is the tallest mountain in Africa. It is located in Tanzania in east Africa and has an elevation of 19,340 feet. The mountain formed millions of years ago as a result of volcanic activity. Full Answer There are three volcanic cones on Kilimanjaro: Kibo, Shira and Mawenzi. Kibo is the only volcano cone that could erupt again. As of 2014, the last eruption occurred over 360,000 years ago, but there has been activity in the last two centuries. A portion of Kilimanjaro is covered by glaciers. They have been rapidly melting due to global warming. Local drinking water and crop irrigation are impacted as the ice disappears.


A Brief History of Fool-Pitying: Origins of the Phrase "I Pity the Fool" Share on Tumblr If you’re reading this, you’re already familiar with pop culture meta-character Mr. T’s catch phrase, “I pity the fool.” It immediately conjures Mr. T’s swaggering confidence and the ironic “pity” that he feels for the sucka that’s been targeted for a Mr. T beat-down. Rocky III (1982) was the first instance of Mr. T uttering the line that would virtually define his career. But where exactly this this magical combination of words come from? Sylvester Stallone’s brain? Although he’s the sole credited writer for Rocky III, and as far as I can tell, there’s no evidence that suggests that Mr. T ad libbed the line, I find it hard to believe that Stallone alone could be responsible for such greatness. So I did a little research. OK, a lot of research. And here’s what I found. Background: A Definition of “Pity” Merrian-Webster defines pity as “sympathetic sorrow for one suffering, distressed, or unhappy.” The typical usage of the word “pity,” then, is far different from Mr. T’s typical usage. If I feel pity for my sick friend, I feel bad for him, and I hope he gets better. If Mr. T feels pity towards a fool, he doesn’t feel bad for the sucka, and he hopes he gets the chance to punch his lights out. More on that later. But first, let’s examine some of the earliest instances of “pity” in Western Civilization: Biblical Pity In the Old Testament, the LORD exemplifies pity mostly by not showing it to fools, suckas, and sinners: “And I will dash them one against another, even the fathers and the sons together, saith the LORD: I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy, but destroy them.” (Jeremiah 13:14) “And mine eye shall not spare thee, neither will I have pity: but I will recompense thy ways upon thee, and thine abominations shall be in the midst of thee: and ye shall know that I am the LORD.” (Ezekiel 7:4) This stands in stark contrast to Mr. T, who, unlike the LORD, claims to show pity to the targets of his vengeance. Shakespearean Pity Shakespeare similarly uses the word “pity” in a straightforward sense; that is, one that roughly equates to mercy: For pity is the virtue of the law, And none but tyrants use it cruelly. (Timon of Athens, 3.5.10), Alcibiades Note again the contrast with Mr. T’s usage of pity. Outside of his turn as Rocky’s protagonist, his fool-pitying is always targeted at tyrants and others who abuse his sense of justice and the law. Scotland: The Birthplace of Fool-Pitying? I may have found the earliest usage of the phrase “I pity the fool” in the English language. Well, at least according to Google Books, it is. “James Merle: An Autobiography,” published in 1864, is the earliest instance of the phrase appearing in Google Books’ collection of over 10 million titles. Here’s the excerpt: To be honest, I have no idea who James Merle was. The first few pages of the autobiography provide scant context for the guy’s life (outside of the fact that he lives in Scotland), and, well, there’s no Wikipedia entry for the guy, much less his friend “Gregory” who is attributed with the above fool-pitying. That being said, there’s still value in analyzing the use of this phrase. At first, the pity appears to be genuinely sympathetic, but the speaker then describes the object of his pity as a fool, one who holds unrealistic expectations of post-marital greatness. He’s simultaneously pitying and taunting. Sounds familiar, right? You betcha, sucka. However, this taunt lacks the menace that accompanies Mr. T’s pity. For that, we must turn to Friedrich Nietzche. Philosophical Principles of Fool-Pitying Nietzsche paved the way for the full extent of Mr. T’s fool-pitying in his 1880 work, The Wanderer and His Shadow (the third part of Human, All Too Human). It’s less of a philosophical treatise and more of a collection of aphorisms, all around the common theme of debunking assumptions of the day. In that spirit, he wrote the following: To show pity is felt as a sign of contempt because one has clearly ceased to be an object of fear as soon as one