What do we call a quadrilateral with one pair of sides parallel?

Quadrilaterals - Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Trapezoid, Parallelogram Quadrilaterals Quadrilateral just means "four sides" (quad means four, lateral means side). A Quadrilateral has four-sides,  it is 2-dimensional (a flat shape), closed (the lines join up), and has straight sides. Try it Yourself (Also see this on Interactive Quadrilaterals ) Properties The interior angles add up to 360 degrees: Try drawing a quadrilateral, and measure the angles. They should add to 360° Types of Quadrilaterals There are special types of quadrilateral: Some types are also included in the definition of other types! For example a square, rhombus and rectangle are also parallelograms. See below for more details. Let us look at each type in turn: The Rectangle A rectangle is a four-sided shape where every angle is a right angle (90°). Also opposite sides are parallel and of equal length. The Rhombus A rhombus is a four-sided shape where all sides have equal length. Also opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles are equal. Another interesting thing is that the diagonals (dashed lines in second figure) meet in the middle at a right angle. In other words they "bisect" (cut in half) each other at right angles. A rhombus is sometimes called a rhomb or a diamond. The Square A square has equal sides and every angle is a right angle (90°) Also opposite sides are parallel. A square also fits the definition of a rectangle (all angles are 90°), and a rhombus (all sides are equal length). The Parallelogram A parallelogram has opposite sides parallel and equal in length. Also opposite angles        are equal (angles "a" are the same, and angles "b" are the same). NOTE: Squares, Rectangles and Rhombuses are all        Parallelograms! Example: angles "a" and "b" as right angles is a square! Isosceles Trapezoid A trapezoid (called a trapezium in the UK) has a pair of opposite sides parallel. And a trapezium (called a trapezoid in the UK) is a quadrilateral with NO parallel sides:   a pair of parallel sides NO parallel sides a pair of parallel sides (the US and UK definitions are swapped over!) (Note: when the two sides joining parallel sides are equal in length and both angles coming from a parallel        side are also equal we call it an Isosceles trapezoid, as shown above.) The Kite Hey, it looks like a kite (usually). It has two pairs of sides. Each pair        is made up of adjacent sides (they meet) that are equal in length. The angles        are equal where the pairs meet. Diagonals (dashed lines) meet at        a right angle, and one of the diagonal bisects (cuts equally in        half) the other.   ... and that's it for the special quadrilaterals.   Irregular Quadrilaterals The only regular (all sides equal and all angles equal) quadrilateral is a square. So all other quadrilaterals are irregular.   Example: a square is also a rectangle. So we include a square in the definition of a rectangle. (We don't say "Having all 90° angles makes it a rectangle except when all sides are equal then it is a square.") This may seem odd, as in daily life we think of a square as not being a rectangle ... but in mathematics it is. Using the chart below we can answer such questions as: Is a Square a type of Rectangle? (Yes) Is a Rectangle a type of Kite? (No) Complex Quadrilaterals Oh Yes! when two sides cross over, we call it a "Complex" or "Self-Intersecting" quadrilateral, like these: They still have 4 sides, but two sides cross over. Polygon A quadrilateral is a polygon . In fact it is a 4-sided polygon, just like a triangle is a 3-sided polygon, a pentagon is a 5-sided polygon, and so on. Play with Them Now that you know the different types, you can play with the Interactive Quadrilaterals . Other Names A quadrilateral can sometimes be called:   a Quadrangle ("four angles"), so it sounds like "triangle" a Tetragon ("four and polygon"), so it sounds like "pentagon", "hexagon", etc.


Which famous play takes place at Monkswell Manor?

Who Killed Hetalia?: Murder at Monkswell Manor Chapter 1, a Hetalia - Axis Powers + Mousetrap Crossover fanfic | FanFiction By: mdjabber Alfred inherits a English countryside manor and convinces Arthur to help him turn it into an Inn. But a snowstorm leaves them trapped with their odd guests. Can they survive Arthur's cooking, the storm, and a potential murderer in their midst? Rated: Fiction T - English - Drama/Mystery - England/Britain - Chapters: 3  - Words: 2,500 - Reviews: 2 - Favs: 2 - Follows: 5 - Updated: 6/28/2011 - Published: 6/19/2011 - id: 7098008 +  -     Full 3/4 1/2    Expand Tighten   Next > "I don't know why you wanted to start this inn in the first place. I have plenty of places in the countryside for us to stay at, Alfred. You could just sell your grandmother's place!" Arthur irately spouted as he barged in the door with a load of firewood. He looked like a proper English country gentleman in his tweed vest, trousers, and large green overcoat. He stomped the snow off his shoes, shook his scarf out, and placed the gloves and hat on the dining room table. When he still received no answer from me, he raised his large bushy eyebrows and pointedly stared his green eyes directly into mine. I sighed and propped myself against the table. "Do I really have to explain this again? She left it to me. It is simple as that. She is family and if she wanted it to be sold she would have sold. What kind of hero would I be if I went against her dying wishes?" I proudly proclaimed with a smirk and twinkle of my blue eyes. "Fine. Well at least, tell me, why the name Monkswell Manor?" Arthur fired angrily with a gesture to the wooden sign I had just finished painting that proudly proclaimed the name of our new bed and breakfast. "What do you mean?" I asked hurt. I turned to look at the sign in time to notice that I had stupidly left off the 's' on the sign. I sighed and grabbed the black paintbrush I had just set down as Arthur so kindly interrupted me. I quickly painted a small 's' in between and stepped back to admire my handiwork. "Have you even heard of the famous English play Mousetrap?" Arthur retorted. "No, why? What does that have to do with the name of our Inn? I think it is a perfectly lovely name or whatever you British chaps say!" I turned around quickly to fire back at him, accidentally letting black paint fly off the paintbrush to splatter across Arthur's jacket. His brows narrowed and he pursed his lips. With a sigh he said "Fine. Fine. No need to get touchy. I just rather think it rude of you to have never heard of the longest running play in England and its bad luck to name your inn after one in a murder mystery." "Come on Arthur! You are such a superstitious bloke. Believing in bad luck. Did your little fairy friends tell you about the curse of Monkswell manor or something?" I said teasingly. Unfortunately, SOMEONE just can't take a joke and frowning Arthur took off his paint splattered jacket threw it on the dining room table and screamed, "THEY ARE REAL YOU BLOODY WANKER!" Ok. Ok. Sore spot. I decided to stop this fight before Arthur had a heart attack or killed something or me. "Whatever. Just let my grandmother's house name be. Anyways, Monkswell Guest House just doesn't have any pizzazz to the name. Manor flows better." I explained patiently. "Flows? Get a bloody dictionary Alfred." With that he stormed out of the room. "Hey! No need to storm from the room . . . whatever. Suits me just fine. WAIT NOT TOWARDS THE KITCHEN!" I screamed as I realized in what direction he was headed. I did not want the guests to die of food poisoning or be forced to choke down burnt scones. Next > The author would like to thank you for your continued support. Your review has been posted. Favorite :          Story


Which BBC2 drama series featured the Birmingham criminal gang scene of the 1920s?

Birmingham's real Peaky Blinders - BBC News BBC News By Michael Bradley BBC News, West Midlands 12 September 2013 Read more about sharing. Close share panel Image caption Records of the gang members and their crimes are preserved in Sparkhill's West Midlands Police Museum The dank, slum streets are ruled by gangs made up of hundreds of youths armed with knives, razor blades and hammers. Murders are rife. Robberies, thefts and riots are a daily occurrence at the hands of young gang members who hold the entire city in a fearful, bloody grip. Police do their best to control the daily nightmare but are vastly outnumbered. Welcome to Birmingham 1919. Now - nearly a century later - a six-part drama series explores the lives of the members of the city's most notorious gang from a century ago - the Peaky Blinders. Their chilling nickname was derived from the razor blades carefully stitched into the front of their caps which could be used to blind their victims. But who were the gangs that inspired the BBC Two series, and why were they formed? 'Sloggers and brawlers' From as early as the 1870s, inner-city Birmingham streets were filled with overcrowded slums and extreme poverty - and the lure of crime was a pull for some. It soon led to an eruption of gangs and violence across the city. Image caption The original Peaky Blinders - some of whom are pictured here - are to be portrayed in BBC2's new six-part series Battles to "own" areas such as Small Heath and Cheapside broke out. These saw hundreds of youths fighting - sometimes to the death - in mass brawls that lasted for hours. The most prominent - and ruthless - of these early gangs were known as the Sloggers, or the Cheapside Slogging Gang. For 30 years they ruled the city's streets with protection rackets and violence. Led by John Adrian, and his trusted lieutenant James Grinrod, they began their reign of terror in about 1870. Their weapon of choice was a heavy-buckled belt used to pummel male and female victims of all ages into submission. Image caption The Garrison Lane slums were home to Henry Lightfoot; one of the first to be referred to as a "Peaky Blinder" An 1872 Birmingham Mail report records a typical example of the Sloggers' antics. It states how "400 roughs brought indiscriminate violence to the Cheapside area, attacking and stealing". "A small body of police were sent to deal with the Slogging Gang," the report continues. "Officers made three arrests, including two very poor youths of no fixed home." Notorious Sloggers included Aston's Simpson Brothers and George "Cloggy" Williams, whose notoriety grew quickly after the 1897 killing of PC George Snipe . Many rival gangs formed, and one in particular soon became the most fearful force on the city's streets. The Peaky Blinders as a gang were as deliberately stylish as they were violent. 'Blinders and blindness' Historian David Cross, of the West Midlands Police Museum in Sparkhill, is curator of the country's largest collection of prisoner photographs. The collection contains court papers which document the exploits of the city's bygone gangs. "If you think of your grandfather's cap in those days, then it would have had a very hard peak," said Mr Cross. "They used their hats with razor blades sewn in to rob people. That's what a Peaky Blinder was. "When they hit someone or headbutted someone on the nose while wearing one, it would cause their victim temporary blindness." Image caption The Peaky Blinders members included Stephen McHickie, Tom Gilbert, Harry Fowler and Ernest Bayles Image caption Many of the violent gang members were children, such as 12-year-old Charles Lambourne Image caption Details of the Peaky Blinders' crimes are preserved in the West Midlands Police Museum Victims were chosen indiscriminately, regardless of whether they were male or female, young or old, rich or poor, according to Mr Cross. "They would target anybody who looked vulnerable, or who did not look strong or fit," he said. "Anything that could be taken, they would take it." Their carefully stylised image was an attempt to bring a tou


Which Indian dish gets its name from the Hindu word for ‘bucket’?

Etymology of Selected Words of Indian Language Origin Citations Introduction: "We have to educate a people who cannot at present be educated by     means of their mother-tongue. We must teach them some foreign language" "It is, I believe, no exaggeration to say that all the historical     information which has been collected from all the books written in the     Sanskrit language is less valuable than what may be found in the most     paltry abridgements used at preparatory schools in England." So stated Thomas Babington Macualay, about the vernacular and the literary     languages of India, in his Minute on Indian Education that he submitted     to the parliament in 1835. Hence it is ironical that many Indian words,     mainly from Sanskrit and Persian, were absorbed into the English language     during the British colonial rule in India, known as the British Raj. Some of these words are easily recognizable as Indian words. There are     others, though a part of modern day spoken English, which are seldom recognized     as being of Indian origin. Most of these words were assimilated during     the period of 16th to 20th century, when the British were following an     aggressive imperial policy abroad, especially the Indian subcontinent.     India, was what made the English empire great and mighty, and was appropriately     called 'the jewel of the imperial crown'. However the British were not the only European nation, interested in India     as a colony; but French, Portuguese and even Spanish, wanted to establish     this country - rich in resources and manpower- as one of their own colonies.     Consequently there are some words that have come to English from French     and Portuguese, which in turn had been absorbed to those languages by     a native Indian language. It is often discussed the intellectual benefits - among many others -     the British colonizer imparted to the Indian natives, but seldom is talked     about the benefits reaped by the colonizer from a language & "a     literature (Arabic, Sanskrit and other literary languages) admitted to     be of small intrinsic value." Following is a short essay tracing the roots of many Indian languages,     and how a sizeable number of words were assimilated to the English language,     during this particular period. Some Indian borrowings     are listed below: Philosophical and Learned Terms Aryan - A member     of the people who spoke the parent language of the Indo-European languages.     In Nazism, a Caucasian Gentile, especially Nordic type. Of or relating to Indo-Iranian languages. Sanskrit arya - noble chakra - One     of the seven centers of spiritual energy in the human body according to     yoga philosophy. Sanskrit chakram - wheel, circle dharma - A     Buddhist principle and ultimate truth. Social custom and right behavior.     Hindu moral law. Hindi dharma, from Sanskrit Guru - A teacher     and a guide in spiritual and philosophical matters. A mentor. A recognized     leader in a field. "Fitness Guru" Hindi/Punjab - guru (teacher), from Sanskrit guruh -weighty, heavy, grave Juggernaut -     Something, such as a belief or an institution, that elicits blind and     destructive devotion or to which people are ruthlessly sacrificed. An overwhelming, advancing force that crushes or seem to crush everything     in its path. The name of the Hindu deity Krishna - Juggernath Hindi Jaganath - Lord Krishna, from Sanskrit jaganatha : jagath -moving/the     world + nathah - Lord/God Mandala - Any     of various ritualistic geometric designs symbolic of the universe, used     in Hinduism and Buddhism, as an aid to meditation. Tamil mutalai - ball, from Sanskrit mandalam - circle Nirvana - In     Buddhism, the ineffable ultimate in which one has attained disinterested     wisdom and compassion. A transcendent state in which there is neither     sufferin


What is the country of origin of the yeastless beer called ‘faro’?

Back To Beer Basics, Part 2: European And American Ales | Noble Hops Back To Beer Basics, Part 2: European And American Ales by RTW | Mar 1, 2015 | Uncategorized | We now know that yeast and brewing temperature make the difference between the two types of beer, lagers and ales. We also know that both beer types are made up of a variety of styles. But generally speaking, what is the difference between an American Ale and a European Ale? You could break the styles down into eight different categories based on European country, plus one category of styles for the American ales. Read on to find out more.   European Ales The major styles of European ale originated in Belgium, Germany, and England, but there are also Scottish, Irish, Finnish, and Russian styles. The Belgian heavy-hitters include dark and pale ales, dubbel, faro, oud bruin, red ale, lambics, trippel and quadrupel, saisons, witbier, bière de champagne, and bière de garde. The most famous ones in the US market are trippels, saisons, lambics, and bière de champagne. Belgian pale ales are the most popular style in that country. They are different from other pale ales in that they are delicate, not very bitter, and carry sweeter, toasty flavor tones. Leffe is one example of a Belgian pale ale that you can find in the US. The German ales have more regionally specific names than “pale” or “dark,'”and include such styles as Altbier, Weissbier, Hefeweizen, Kölsch, Roggenbier, Kristalweizen, and Weizenbock. Kölsch, which has recently become more popular on the American market, is a style that originated in Cologne (Köln in German). This style is lighter, very pale, and rather dry, but not particularly bitter. There is also a younger version of this style called “Frühkölsch” (Early Kölsch), which is extremely light and watery. English ales are perhaps the most numerous in variety of the European styes. These include Baltic porter, braggot, barlewine, bitter, brown, dark mild, Indian pale, pale mild, porter, stout, strong, extra special, milk stout, oatmeal stout, old, Russian imperial, and winter warmer. Many of the names for these styles denote their strength among other ales (dark mild, pale mild, strong, etc.). English stouts are dark brown to black in color and are made with roasted barley. The barley gives stouts their chocolatey, roasted coffee notes. Oatmeal stouts are brewed with the addition of oats, which give them their silky smoothness and a touch of a sweet flavor. Beyond the ales of the big three countries, there are also Finnish sahtis, Irish stouts and red ales, Scottish ales, and Russian kvass. Most of these styles have been honed over centuries of European beer production and consumption, however many European brewers have also been inspired by the creativity of American craft brewers in recent years. American Ales Although German and Belgian beers have influenced American ales in many ways, the greatest influence comes from English ales. This is evident in the names of the many American ales, which include amber, black, brown, blonde, IPA and imperial IPA, stout and imperial stout, pale, porter, strong, wild, cream, pumpkin, and wheat ales. The American pale ale, also referred to as an APA, is based on the English pale ale. It is well-balanced but slightly hoppier, somewhat fruity,and can range from moderately to extremely floral. British pale ales are more balanced, maltier, and more buttery. American stouts are quite different from English stouts, and often take on inventive characteristics from having been brewed with coffee, in whiskey barrels, or with chocolate added. They are often easier to drink than English stouts. The American blonde is perhaps the American ale that most closely resembles the German Kölsch. Despite the similarities, this malt beer is a purely American creation. American blonde ales are golden in color, malty, fruity, and not very bitter; they feel very similar to a lager. Thus we see that the American versions of traditionally European ales have come a long way thanks to the spirit of creativity that characterizes most America


Which country declared war on Britain in 1812?

James Madison Declares War on Britain in 1812 James Madison Declares War on Britain in 1812 January 02, 2014 Copy and paste the embed code below. The code has been copied to your clipboard. MP3 Pop-out player From VOA Learning English, welcome to The Making of a Nation, our weekly program of American history for people learning English. I’m Steve Ember. The United States declared war on Britain in 1812. It did so because Britain refused to stop seizing American ships that traded with France—Britain's enemy in Europe. Sometimes there were also seizures of American sailors. These seizures were known as impressment. Britain finally suspended its orders against neutral trade, after a change in government. But the British acted too late. The United States had already declared war. Today, we continue the story of the War of 1812. Most of Britain's forces were battling the soldiers of Napoleon Bonaparte in Europe. Historian and Pulitzer Prize winner Alan Taylor says that, as a result, the British could send only a small force to the United States. “And so the British were basically fighting the war against the United States on the defensive in Canada, while trying to raid the American coast using their advantage in the more powerful Royal Navy.” For its part, the United States was far from ready to fight. The United States had not fought a war, or needed an army, for a long time. There were only 8,000 American soldiers. The soldiers who were young knew little about war. And the officers who knew about war were old enough to have led troops in the American Revolution. President James Madison named two top generals: 62-year-old Henry Dearborn and 63-year-old Thomas Pinckney. The United States had only a few warships and gunboats with which to face the British navy—the most powerful naval force in the world. Historian and professor Alan Taylor says the American people were divided about the war. “A majority of them supported the Madison administration, and agreed that they tried the embargo and it failed, and that something had to be done because national honor, they felt, was at stake. And that they needed to stop the British practice of impressment. And they were also upset about the British military aid to these Indian peoples who were restricting American expansion.” Alan Taylor says for those reasons, many Americans supported the war, particularly in the southern, western and mid-Atlantic states. “But in New England most of the people supported the opposition party, the Federalists, and they were very bitter about the war. They felt that it was really being waged for illegitimate reasons, that diplomacy could have just papered over the disagreement over impressment. And so they did their best to obstruct the war effort. They not only didn’t want to contribute to the war effort, but they wanted to block it as best they could.” Church bells were rung and flags were lowered in New England when the declaration of war was announced. There was also the problem of getting enough men to serve as soldiers. Congress had approved an increase of 25,000 men. Only 5,000 agreed to serve. Members of Congress from the western states had spoken proudly of how their people would rush to fight the British. This did not happen. The first request to Kentucky for soldiers produced only 400 men. Historian Alan Taylor says that some states in the Northeast did not offer any soldiers at all, especially for invasions into Canada. “And even when the governors would cooperate, as did for example, the governor of New York, the militia would often march to the border and then decide that their constitutional duty was only to defend their state and not help the United States invade another country. And so they’d go on a sit-down strike once they got to the border.” Nevertheless, an American general named William Hull led 2,000 men across the Canadian border. But the British general there was prepared, and the attack failed. Although Hull had the stronger force and plenty of supplies, he retreated to Detroit. He was chased by a smaller force of British soldi


Which group of people were freed from discrimination by a Relief Act in 1829?

Catholic Emancipation | British and Irish history | Britannica.com British and Irish history Roman Catholicism Catholic Emancipation, in British history, the freedom from discrimination and civil disabilities granted to the Roman Catholics of Britain and Ireland in a series of laws during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. After the Reformation, Roman Catholics in Britain had been harassed by numerous restrictions. In Britain, Roman Catholics could not purchase land, hold civil or military offices or seats in Parliament, inherit property, or practice their religion freely without incurring civil penalties. A Roman Catholic in Ireland could not vote in Parliamentary elections and could be readily dispossessed of his land by his nearest Protestant relative. By the late 18th century, however, Roman Catholics had ceased to be considered the social and political danger that they had represented at the beginning of the Hanoverian succession. The first Relief Act (1778) enabled Roman Catholics in Britain to acquire real property, such as land. Similar legislation was enacted in Ireland in a series of measures (1774, 1778, and 1782). In 1791 another bill was passed that enabled British Catholics to practice their religion without fear of civil penalties, a measure applied on a much wider scale by the Irish Parliament with the Relief Act of 1793, which granted Irish Roman Catholics the franchise and admission to most civil offices. Further emancipatory measures following the Act of Union (1801), which united Great Britain with Ireland, foundered in the face of resistance from the bitterly anti-Catholic George III and from powerful Irish Protestants and British Tories who feared Roman Catholic participation in Britain’s public life. In the next two decades, however, the charismatic Irish lawyer and orator Daniel O’Connell began to mobilize the Irish Roman Catholic peasantry and middle class to agitate for full emancipation. He formed the Catholic Association to this end in 1823, bringing into its ranks hundreds of thousands of members in Ireland. By 1828 the British government was faced with the threat of a nationwide rebellion in Ireland if action was not taken to conciliate this broad-based and energetic movement intent on the alleviation of Catholic grievances. O’Connell himself forced the issue when he entered a Parliamentary by-election in County Clare in 1828, insisting that he would not take his seat until the anti-Roman Catholic oath required of members of Parliament was abolished. O’Connell’s ensuing triumphant election compelled the British prime minister, the Duke of Wellington , and Sir Robert Peel to carry the Emancipation Act of 1829 in Parliament. This act admitted Irish and English Roman Catholics to Parliament and to all but a handful of public offices. With the Universities Tests Act of 1871, which opened the universities to Roman Catholics, Catholic Emancipation in the United Kingdom was virtually complete. Learn More in these related articles:


Which English club has won the European Cup more times than its own League Title?

Lucky tossers | Football | The Guardian Lucky tossers Email your questions to the.boss@guardian.co.uk . This week: victory at the toss of a coin; Bob Wilson and his roots; blagging a place in the European Cup; clubs better in Europe than at home Thursday 8 August 2002 16.19 EDT First published on Thursday 8 August 2002 16.19 EDT Share on Messenger Close "What is the most prestigious match to have been decided by a toss of a coin?" asks Paul Miller. The most important coin-toss in the history of football came in the semi-finals of the tedious 1968 European Championships, Paul. Having drawn 0-0 with the Soviet Union, Italy (led by Internazionale defensive legend and crowd-pleaser extraordinaire Giacinto Facchetti) progressed to the final after winning a thrilling coin-toss. Meanwhile Yugoslavia were dispatching England 1-0, thus ensuring they could be robbed in the final by the Italians. Trailing 1-0 with ten minutes left, Angelo Domenghini was allowed to take a free-kick with the Yugoslavs in the process of retreating the full 10 yards. Goal, and a 1-1 draw. Italy won the replay 2-0; not exciting. The next biggest match decided by the flicking of a coin took place in the 1964-5 European Cup quarter-finals, after Liverpool and Cologne played out two dour 0-0 draws and then a 2-2 after a play-off in Amsterdam. Ron Yeats guessed right in the centre circle, as befitting a man who won more 50-50s than most. You'll Never Walk Cologne? Liverpool were then controversially dispatched 4-3 on aggregate in the semi-finals by Inter, led by that man Facchetti again. But no hard-luck story is complete without Spain: they missed out on a place in the 1954 World Cup finals after beating Turkey in a two-legged qualifier 4-2 on aggregate. Sadly, aggregate scores counted for nothing in those days, and having won and lost a leg apiece, the teams played off. After the inevitable draw (2-2), it was down to a blind Italian boy to draw lots; even he could see what was going to happen next. BOB WILSON "My dad and grandad have been bickering over Bob Wilson," writes Elliot Townsend, surely the only person in history who has ever been able to say such a thing. "My dad says he played for Coventry city and then went to Arsenal and then became a commentator, but my grandad says that he only played for Arsenal." Don't listen to your father, Elliot, as Fergal Sharkey nearly once sang. Bob Primrose Wilson qualified as a PE teacher at Loughborough College, but instead of doing what PE teachers do (shout loudly, look at lads cleansing themselves) he decided to join Arsenal instead. He played 308 games for Arsenal between 1963 and 1974, winning the Fairs Cup in 1970 and the League and Cup double in 1971. The only other team Chesterfield-born Bob played for was Scotland; he was never sent to Coventry once. Although what he was about to do would mean he should have been. Primrose then joined the BBC in order to present Football Focus and ruin Saturday afternoons for everyone, before decamping to ITV and doing what was previously thought impossible; make the watching world pine for Matt Lorenzo. Still, he retired earlier this week, so let's spare a nanosecond to consider all the good things he's achieved in his time as a broadcaster. DONE DONS In a previous Knowledge , we mentioned that Hibernian were the first club to play in the European Cup in 1955. But Bert Megn wants to know why Hibs represented Scotland that year - and not 1954/5 League Champions Aberdeen? Older readers may remember the original format of the European Cup, when it was: (a) good; (b) not seeded to benefit countries who generate large sums of TV revenue; (c) not filled with runners-up and the like; and (d) called the European Cup. But surprisingly, the first season of this halcyon era was a bit of a stitch-up. Gabriele Hanot, the obligatory French visionary you need to start a football tournament, invited 16 sides to compete. And although Hibs hadn't won a brass bean since their last title in 1952, they were generally regarded as the best team in Scotland. What's more, they were the only te


Which club had the 1990’s anthem ‘Marching On Together’?

Marching On Together | Life, Leeds United, the Universe & Everything Life, Leeds United, the Universe & Everything Reblogging this only because I initially omitted to include an Alzheimer’s Society link – and if just a few quid can be raised in the fight against this insidious robber of life and happiness, then it’ll be worthwhile. Thanks for all the earlier comments – you can have no idea how much it’s helped. MOT Kenneth Atkinson 7th July 1927 – 27th February 2015 Taken on my parents’ wedding day, 1959 My Dad died in the early hours of this morning. He’d been afflicted with Alzheimer’s for the very last part of his life, and there’s that inescapable feeling that this loss is just final confirmation of what has been a gradual departure over the last few years. It’s still a shock, though – and, blogs being blogs, this is where I have to say how I feel – and make my last farewell. Dad was a ridiculously handsome man who failed utterly to pass those fortunate genes on to me, bequeathing instead a fanatical love for Leeds United Football Club. He was Mr. LUFC to me, John Charles’ greatest fan and a dedicated match-goer through the Don Revie glory years – when I was just a small child with no interest in the game…


What is the common name of Hansen’s Disease?

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) | CDC Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) ShareCompartir Hansen's disease (also known as leprosy) is a long-lasting infection caused by bacteria. The disease was once feared as a highly contagious and devastating disease. Now, however, the disease is very rare and easily treated. Early diagnosis and treatment usually prevent disability related to the disease.


Which creature has varieties called Chinook, Chum, Coho, Sockeye and Steelhead?

Washington Salmon and Steelhead Species Salmonscape Salmon and Steelhead Species in Washington Salmon and steelhead have long played an important role in the ecology, economy and culture       of the Pacific Northwest, providing a source of food for humans and wildlife alike.       Unfortunately, many naturally spawning stocks are struggling to survive significant losses       in spawning and rearing habitat and other factors related to growth in the region's human       population over the past century. There are five species of Pacific salmon in Washington - chinook, coho, chum, pink       and sockeye - all emerge from eggs and rear in freshwater, migrate to sea to feed,       then return to their natal waters to spawn. Scientists use the term "salmonid" to refer       to salmon, steelhead and anadromous trout species that share this anadromous lifecycle. Oftentimes "salmon and steelhead" will be used as well as "salmon" to generally refer to       all salmon and steelhead species. Each salmonid species is adapted to the natural conditions found in Washington rivers and       in the ocean. Salmon and steelhead are further divided into 486 known "populations," each a       scientifically designated, biologically distinct group of individuals (e.g., Lower Columbia       River Spring Chinook, Skagit River coho) adapted to specific streams, estuaries and       other conditions.       When thousands of mature salmon spawn and die, they do far more than produce another       generation. They also provide a source of nutrition, arriving in the fall, that allows       many animals to survive the harshness of winter. Where salmon runs have become extinct,       the local ecosystem suffers. Species such as bear, eagle, mink and river otter suffer       large population losses when salmon runs decline. What Salmon need Although the habitat requirements of each species of salmon and steelhead differ somewhat, all share some       common habitat needs to support life stage development (Spence et al. 1996). Common habitat functions include: stable incubation environment (flow regime/water quantity), cool, well-oxygenated, unpolluted water (water quality), cover (habitat structure), sufficient sources of prey (food source), and unimpeded access to off-channel areas and saline waters (access). How are Washington's Salmon and Steelhead doing? In 1991, the federal government declared Snake River sockeye salmon as endangered. In the next few years, 16 more geographically distinct subgroups (i.e., evolutionarily       significant units composed of several populations) of Chinook, coho, chum, and       sockeye salmon, as well as several steelhead groups, were listed as either       threatened or endangered. By 1999 75% of the state was covered by federal       listings of at-risk salmon. Washington's 2010 State of the Salmon in Watershed Report provided an overview of which       salmon and steelhead populations are increasing, decreasing or showing no changes. For status and information on specific populations in Washington you can click on each species of       "salmonid" below and get a listing of all the populations within that species name:


In cinema history which sport has been the subject of most films?

Greatest Sports Films History | Examples   - 1 | Examples - 2 | Examples   - 3 | Examples - 4 | Examples   - 5 | Examples - 6 Sports Films are those that have a sports setting (football or baseball     stadium, arena, or the Olympics, etc.), competitive event (the 'big game,'     'fight,' or 'competition'), and/or athlete (boxer, racer, surfer, etc.) that     are central and predominant in the story. Dramatic sports films or biographies have created memorable portraits     of all-American sports heroes, individual athletes, or teams who are faced with tough odds in a championship match, race or large-scale sporting event,     soul-searching or physical/psychological injuries, or romantic sub-plot distractions.     Fictional sports films normally present a single sport (the most common being     baseball, football, basketball, and boxing), and include the training and     rise (and/or fall) of the underdog or champion in the world of sports. Sports films may be fictional or      non-fictional; and they are a hybrid sub-genre category, although they are often one of the following: sports-gambling (i.e., Two For the Money         (2005)) stock car racing (i.e., Days of Thunder         (1990)) table-tennis (i.e., The Tao of Pong (2004)) The Most Oscar-Winning and Nominated Sports Films: The sports in films with the most nominations (and        wins) include Boxing, Football, Baseball, and Billiards/Pool, followed        by many other examples of sports. While many sports films have        been nominated (more than listed here), only 14 films in the sub-genre        (as of 2015) have ever won at the Academy Awards, with 26 trophies        among them. The first sports movie to win the Best Picture Academy        Award was Rocky (1976) , often on        the ten-best sports film lists. The only other two were Chariots        of Fire (1981, UK) and Million Dollar Baby (2004). Robert      DeNiro won a Best Actor Oscar for his portrayal of real-life boxer      Jake LaMotta in Martin Scorsese's Raging      Bull (1980) , while Hilary Swank won a Best Actress Oscar for      portraying a working-class waitress who aspired to be a professional      women's boxer in Million Dollar Baby (2004). Kirk Douglas earned      his first Oscar nomination playing middleweight Midge Kelly in Champion      (1949). Paul Newman won Best Actor in the sequel The Color of      Money (1986). And Sandra Bullock won Best Actress for her      role in the semi-autobiographical sports-drama film The      Blind Side (2009). This was only the second instance in which a      female won the top acting honor for a sports role. The Most Oscar-Winning and Nominated Sports         Films Title (and Year) A number of sports films have documented or       portrayed real-life characters, such as the following: boxer James J. Corbett (Errol Flynn) in Gentleman       Jim (1942) New York Yankees baseball player Lou Gehrig        (Gary Cooper) in The Pride of the Yankees (1942) baseball player Jackie Robinson as Himself in The Jackie Robinson Story (1950) - he was still an active ballplayer at the time        (his career didn't end until 1955) middleweight champion Rocky Graziano (Paul Newman)        in Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956) boxer Jack Johnson (James Earl Jones) in The       Great White Hope (1970) boxer Jake LaMotta (Robert DeNiro) in slugger Babe Ruth (John Goodman) in The Babe (1992) boxer Muhammad Ali (Will Smith) in Ali (2001) Depression-Era heavyweight boxer James J. Braddock         (Russell Crowe) in director Ron Howard's The Cinderella Man         (2005) South Africa's improbable Rugby World       Cup victory in 1995, in Invictus (2009), led by rugby captain       Francois Pienaar (Matt Damon), with Morgan Freeman portraying inspiring       political leader Nelson Mandela Popular Football Films: T


Where in the British Isles is Ronaldsway Airport?

Car rental Isle Of Man Ronaldsway Airport | Europcar United Kingdom Car rental in Isle Of Man Ronaldsway Airport Explore one of the most interesting destinations in the British Isles when you pick up a car rental in the Isle of Man from Europcar. This autonomous island is compact in size but big in adventure; from great outdoor activities like hiking, cycling and boating to cultural endeavours and indulgent shops and restaurants, there’s plenty here to keep you busy. And with unique landmarks like stone churches, castles, forts and intricately carved Celtic crosses, you can’t help feeling like you’ve wandered back in time. Explore the best of the island on your own schedule when you book an Isle of Man car rental with Europcar. Our simple 3-step booking system makes it easy to choose the vehicle that’s right for you. Book ahead before you go and we’ll have it waiting when you get here, so all that’s left to do is head out and go exploring. Why choose Europcar in Isle Of Man Ronaldsway Airport Express pick-up service available Easy 3-step online booking: search, select, book New, comfortable rental car fleet Award-winning car rental company


Which monarch moved the royal residence from St James Palace to Buckingham Palace?

Buckingham Palace, official London residence of the British monarchy the official         London residence and office of the reigning         British monarch History In the Middle Ages, the site on which         Buckingham Palace stands was part of the Manor of         Ebury, which also incorporated a small village         called Eye Cross. Originally owned by Edward the Confessor ,         the property passed through several hands before         being acquired by William the Conqueror, who in         turn bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster         Abbey. King Henry VIII took the manor away from Westminster Abbey in         1536, and the property was subsequently leased to         a series of owners by royal landlords. Needing         money, King James I sold off most of the property, but kept enough to         establish a 4-acre mulberry garden for the         production of silk. He chose the wrong type of         mulberry trees, however, and his plan for making         England a major silk producer never came to         fruition. The first house to be built on the site was         finished in 1624, under the orders of Sir William         Blake, and was expanded by Lord Goring, beginning         in 1633. Neither Blake nor Goring could provide         proof they had royal permission to build on the site, however, and the house and grounds         subsequently came under the control of Henry         Bennett, 1st Earl of Arlington. After the house         burned down in 1674, the Earl built Arlington         House, which is now the south wing of today's         palace. In 1703, the Duke of Buckingham and Normandy         decided to build a substantial house on the land,         and this is still the central part of         todays Buckingham Palace. In 1761,         Buckingham House was sold to King George III ,         who acquired it primarily as a retreat for his         wife, Queen Charlotte. Although 14 of his 15         children were born in what he called the Queen's         House, the king maintained his official residence         at St. James Palace. The first monarch to make         the palace the official royal residence was Queen Victoria ,         who was also responsible for formally naming it         Buckingham Palace and turning it into the         structure seen today. Statistics and Facts Buckingham Palace is         approximately 354 feet long across the front, 393         feet deep, and 78 feet high. Total floor space is         just over 828,821 square feet. It has a total of         775 rooms, including 19 State rooms, 52 Royal and         guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices,         and 78 bathrooms. There are also 1,514         doors and 760 windows. The Palace Garden covers 40         acres and includes a helicopter pad, a lake, and         a tennis court. It is home to 30 different bird         species and more than 350 varieties of wild         flowers, some of which are extremely rare. Suffering from peritonitis and close to death, King Edward VII was operated on in a room overlooking the garden         a few months after ascending to the throne in         1901. The surgery proved a success, and he was         crowned at Westminster Abbey in August that year. Edward VII is the only monarch to date to be         born and die at Buckingham Palace. During World         War II , Buckingham Palace suffered nine         direct bomb hits. On several occasions King George VI and         Queen Elizabeth were in the Palace and narrowly         escaped being killed. One person did die during         the wartime bombing -- PC


Which US Trade Union boss vanished in Bloomfield, Michigan in July, 1975?

New chapter in Jimmy Hoffa search: Police drill at Michigan home - CNN.com New chapter in Jimmy Hoffa search: Police drill at Michigan home By Josh Levs and Michael Martinez, CNN Updated 10:27 AM ET, Fri September 28, 2012 Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. JUST WATCHED Jimmy Hoffa search picks up at new site 01:25 Story highlights Police begin drilling in search for former union boss Jimmy Hoffa A tipster told police a body was buried at a home at the time of Jimmy Hoffa's disappearance Crews will take a core sample and test it for human remains Former Teamsters leader Hoffa disappeared in 1975 Police began drilling Friday outside a suburban Detroit home in the search for Jimmy Hoffa, the labor strongman whose disappearance is one of the most notorious and mysterious in U.S. history. A tipster told police that a body was buried at the spot in Roseville, Michigan, about the time the Teamsters boss disappeared in 1975. The tipster did not claim it was Hoffa's body, authorities said. Police Chief James Berlin said Thursday that while the tipster's information seems credible, he's not convinced the body is Hoffa's because of the timeline. He spoke with the tipster August 22 and believes the person did see a burial. The tipster did not come forward sooner out of fear, Berlin said. Photos: Photos: The mystery of Jimmy Hoffa Photos: Photos: The mystery of Jimmy Hoffa The mystery of Jimmy Hoffa – Nearly 40 years after his disappearance, former Teamsters boss Jimmy Hoffa, pictured circa 1955, remains among America's most famous missing persons. Authorities have been searching for the once powerful union boss since he vanished in 1975. Hide Caption MUST WATCH New hunt for Hoffa's remains 01:39 Dan Moldea, author of "The Hoffa Wars," said the tipster, a former gambler, contacted him March 30. The tipster used to do business with a man who had ties to Anthony Giacalone, an organized crime figure who was supposed to meet Hoffa the day he disappeared, Moldea said. "I am very skeptical," Moldea said of the planned dig. If Hoffa's burial had taken place at the spot, it would have been in full view of the neighborhood, the author argued. And if Hoffa's body was disposed of, it would have been done in a way that no evidence would be left years later, he said. It shouldn't take long to get a sample, which will be sent to Michigan State University for analysis, CNN affiliate WXYZ reported. The reading will determine whether there are human remains at the site but will not identify them, Berlin said. "It took us a while to get the proper equipment to do what we're going to do. If this is a person, they've been down there for 35 years. What's a few more days?" Berlin asked. Results from the soil testing should be available next week, the chief said Wednesday. "If they are positive, we will then start excavating," Berlin said. The alleged burial site is under a concrete slab, and the residence is occupied by new homeowners, who've been "cooperative and excellent to police," Berlin said. The FBI in Detroit had no comment on the planned search, and a statement from the International Brotherhood of Teamsters said the Hoffa family had nothing to say at this time. "The Hoffa family does not respond every time a tip is received by authorities. The FBI keeps the family informed, and they will have no comment until there is a reason to comment," the statement said. Hoffa remains among America's most famous, and in many ways infamous, missing people. His presumed death has vexed investigators for four decades. One of the most powerful union leaders at a time that unions wielded a great deal of sway over elections -- and were notoriously tied to organized crime -- Hoffa was forced out of the organized labor movement when he was sent to prison in 1967. He served time for jury tampering and fraud at a federal penitentiary in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, until being pardoned by President Richard Nixon on December 23, 1971 -- on the condition that he not try to get back into the union movement before 1


Island Adventures | Adam’s Peak Island Adventures Adam’s Peak Adam’s Peak Sri Lanka’s holy mountain – this 2,234 meter high summit is one of Sri Lanka’s most incredible locations. Adam’s Peak is considered holy by all devotees of all major faiths of Sri Lanka. The Pilgrim season runs from the full moon in December to the full moon in May, during which time hundreds of pilgrims make the arduous climb every night. The ascent is usually begun at midnight. Climbing through the night will get you to the summit by dawn for an awe-inspiring sunrise. Pilgrims chanting prayers, the huge bell at the summit piercing the clear mountain air makeup the elements for a cultural highlight which will never be forgotten. During the pilgrim season the path is lit and small kiosks offer trekkers and pilgrims basic hot food, tea, coffee and water. During the rest of the year, the pathway is dark and no pilgrims are to be found, but the adventure and majesty of Adam’s Peak remain. Gallery


Which mountain is also known as Mont Cervin?

"The Matterhorn or Monte Cervino, also known in French as Mont Cervin is a mountain of the Alps, straddling the main watershed and border between Switzerland and Italy." Stock photo and royalty-free images on Fotolia.com - Pic 115903359 alps blue canton colour day europa famous place forest glacier green majestic matterhorn mountain nature outdoors snow sunny switzerland valais valley Search The image "The Matterhorn or Monte Cervino, also known in French as Mont Cervin is a mountain of the Alps, straddling the main watershed and border between Switzerland and Italy." from vlad_g is available on Fotolia under a royalty-free license from 1 credit (Credit from 0.74 €). Available in JPEG format, this image may be downloaded for all kinds of professional uses and in different resolutions (up to 3,195 x 2,130 pixels in 300 DPI) The author of this picture, vlad_g also has 11 images in the same series . To download this image, you can buy Fotolia credits , a monthly pack or purchase a subscription plan and benefit from the amazing price of 0.16 € per image. Same Series Licenses Standard license With the Standard License, images can be used for any illustrative purpose in any type of media. Examples: websites, web banners, newsletters, PDF documents, blogs, emails, slide shows, TV and video presentations, cell phones, splash screens, movies, magazine articles, books, advertising, brochures, document illustrations, booklets, billboards, business cards, packaging, etc. Extended license The Extended License gives you all the rights granted by the Standard License, but also the ability to print our creative files more than 500,000 times and allows you to use them on your own products. An Extended License lets you create derivative products or services intended for resale or distribution. Examples: postcards, calendars, posters, t-shirts, print & presentations templates, video clips intended for resale, video applications, and any project where the Fotolia file lends primary value to the product intended for resale or distribution. Standard license


Who made a risqué joke about Hugo Boss and the Nazis at the GQ Magazine awards?

Shameful truth about Hugo Boss's links to the Nazis revealed: As Russell Brand is thrown out of a party for accusing fashion designer of helping Hitler | Daily Mail Online Shameful truth about Hugo Boss's links to the Nazis revealed: As Russell Brand is thrown out of a party for accusing fashion designer of helping Hitler Brand was thrown out of GQ magazine’s Men of the Year Awards after-show He told crowds: 'It was Hugo Boss who made uniforms for the Nazis.’ But pictures have emerged of him wearing designer's clothes months ago comments There's nothing like the presence of some Nazis to ruin a perfectly good party. On Tuesday night, the comedian Russell Brand was thrown out of GQ magazine’s Men of the Year Awards after-show for making jibes about the event’s sponsor, Hugo Boss, and the fashion company’s historic links to the Nazi party. While on stage, Brand told the gathered celebrities and politicians, ‘If anyone knows a bit about history and fashion, you know it was Hugo Boss who made uniforms for the Nazis.’ He then added, with less than subtle irony, ‘But they looked f***ing fantastic, let’s face it, while they were killing people on the basis of their religion and sexuality.’ But it has emerged that Brand himself is not averse to a spot of the designer's sharp tailoring - having apparently been snapped wearing a jacket by the German fashion firm in February. Scroll down for video of Brand's on-stage comments It has emerged that Brand himself is not averse to a spot of the Hugo Boss's sharp tailoring - having apparently been snapped wearing a jacket by the German fashion firm in February Dark past: The firm founded by Hugo Boss made uniforms for the Nazi Party Shortly afterwards, Brand was kicked out by the magazine’s editor, Dylan Jones. According to the comedian’s Twitter feed, the two men exchanged angry words, with Jones saying, ‘What you did was very offensive to Hugo Boss.’ Brand replied, ‘What Hugo Boss did was very offensive to the Jews.’ Although Hugo Boss has made no public comment, its executives are doubtless furious, not least because the £250,000 spent sponsoring the event seems to have bought nothing but another round of bad publicity about the company’s past. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share Of course, Brand’s claim is not new — such stories about the fashion label’s murky past have been doing the rounds for years. Hugo Boss. After the war he was punished as a Nazi supporter. He died in 1948 But the connection between Hugo Boss and the Nazis has been peddled so often, and with so many variations, that the true story is almost completely obscured. Brand’s outburst this week provides  a perfect opportunity to set the  record straight. The first myth to torpedo is that Hugo Boss designed the smart black uniforms for the dreaded SS. Although it is tempting to suppose that the evil glamour of these outfits must have been the product of a fashion designer, there is no truth to it at all. In fact, the uniforms evolved from earlier Prussian styles. The designs continued to evolve with modifications from the foundation of the SS in 1925 to its disintegration two decades later. The infamous black uniform itself came into being in 1932 and is said to have been designed by an artist and senior SS officer called Karl Diebitsch, who worked with a graphic designer called Walter Heck. Neither man worked for Hugo Boss. So, if Russell Brand was implying, as I infer from his remarks, that Hugo Boss created the Nazi uniforms, he is plain wrong. Perhaps Brand meant that Boss simply manufactured them. In which case he’s right. But there’s more to it than that. To answer the question fully, it is vital to know a little more about Hugo Boss himself. Boss was born in 1885, to parents who owned a lingerie and linen shop in the small town of Metzingen, 20 miles south of Stuttgart. After serving in World War I, Boss established his own clothes factory in 1924, which produced traditional outfits. It was certainly not designing couture, and its clothes, such as raincoats and sportswear, were functional. Among one of Bos


Sir John Houblon was the first Governor of what?

Sir John Houblon £50 note to be withdrawn | Daily Mail Online comments Around 63 million £50 banknotes showing the first governor of the Bank of England, Sir John Houblon, are to be withdrawn from circulation From April 30, the only legal £50 note will be that celebrating the business partnership of entrepreneur Matthew Boulton and engineer James Watt, who together helped forge the Industrial Revolution. The withdrawal of the Houblon note is part of a regular review to combat fraud. Historic: The note was introduced in 1994 and featured his house on the current site of the Bank of England Businesses may choose to no longer accept the note, but it can still be exchanged at the central bank The Boulton and Watt note, introduced in November 2011, is more secure because it features a new ‘motion thread’ – five windows showing the pound symbol and the number 50, which appear to move up and down when the note is tilted. The old-style notes are due to be withdrawn from circulation in 15 weeks. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share In total, about 224 million £50 notes worth £11.2 billion are in circulation, of which the Bank estimates 63 million with a total value of £3.2 billion are Houblon notes. From May onwards, retailers are unlikely to accept the Houblon notes as payment, but most banks and building societies will still allow customers to deposit them into their accounts. However, agreeing to exchange the notes after April 30 will be at the discretion of individual institutions. Momentous: Sir John was the founder of the Bank of England and lived in a house on the site in Threadneedle Street, City of London, where it now stands Barclays, NatWest, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), Ulster Bank and the Post Office have agreed to exchange the older-style £50 notes for both customers and non-customers up to the value of £200 until October 30. In a video placed on YouTube, Victoria Cleland, head of notes division at the Bank, advises people: 'If you have any Houblon £50 notes, it's best to spend, deposit or exchange them before April 30.' If people do not pay in or exchange the Houblon £50 notes by the withdrawal deadline, this does not mean that the notes then become worthless. Composer: A £20 note bearing the image of Sir Edward Elgar, pictured, has already been withdrawn All notes that have been issued by the Bank whose legal tender status has been withdrawn are covered by its 'promise to pay'. This phrase dates back to times when notes could be swapped for gold. It means that people can, at any time, obtain the face value of a note that has been withdrawn by exchanging it at the Bank of England in London. There is no fee for the service and banknotes of this type can be exchanged by post or in person. Legally the Bank of England is only required to give one month's notice of an intention to withdraw legal tender status. It gave a similar three-month notice period to its latest announcement when a £20 note featuring composer Edward Elgar was withdrawn in 2010. Sir John Houblon was appointed as the Bank's first governor in 1694 and the £50 banknote celebrating him was first issued in 1994, to coincide with the Bank's 300th anniversary. The design on the back of the note includes an image of Sir John's house in Threadneedle Street on the site of the Bank's present building. In December, the Bank announced that it plans to issue plastic banknotes for the first time from 2016, when a new £5 note featuring Sir Winston Churchill appears. A £10 note featuring Jane Austen to follow around a year later will also be made from polymer rather than the cotton paper currently used. The announcement at the end of last year followed a three-year research programme that concluded plastic notes stay cleaner for longer, are more difficult to counterfeit and are at least 2.5 times longer-lasting. Old-series notes previously issued by the Bank can be exchanged by posting them, at the sender's risk, to Dept NEX, Bank of England, Threadneedle Street, London EC2R 8AH.


Which crime used to be called ‘lese-majeste’ meaning injured majesty in French?

Offence - definition of offence by The Free Dictionary Offence - definition of offence by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/offence Related to offence: Summary offence of·fence 1. a violation or breach of a law, custom, rule, etc 2. a. any public wrong or crime b. a nonindictable crime punishable on summary conviction 3. annoyance, displeasure, or resentment 4. give offence give offence to someone to cause annoyance or displeasure to someone 5. take offence to feel injured, humiliated, or offended 6. a source of annoyance, displeasure, or anger 7. (Military) attack; assault 8. archaic injury or harm 9. (American Football) the offense (ˈɒfɛns) American football a. the team that has possession of the ball b. the members of a team that play in such circumstances ofˈfenceless, ofˈfenseless adj offensive , offense military operation , operation - activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign); "it was a joint operation of the navy and air force" counteroffensive - a large scale offensive (more than a counterattack) undertaken by a defending force to seize the initiative from an attacking force dirty war - an offensive conducted by secret police or the military of a regime against revolutionary and terrorist insurgents and marked by the use of kidnapping and torture and murder with civilians often being the victims; "thousands of people disappeared and were killed during Argentina's dirty war in the late 1970s" push back , rollback - the act of forcing the enemy to withdraw 2. offense team , squad - a cooperative unit (especially in sports) defending team , defence , defense - (sports) the team that is trying to prevent the other team from scoring; "his teams are always good on defense" 3. anger , ire , choler - a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance 4. offence - a lack of politeness; a failure to show regard for others; wounding the feelings or others behavior , conduct , doings , behaviour - manner of acting or controlling yourself derision , ridicule - the act of deriding or treating with contempt indelicacy - an impolite act or expression insolence - an offensive disrespectful impudent act affront , insult - a deliberately offensive act or something producing the effect of deliberate disrespect; "turning his back on me was a deliberate insult" presumption - a kind of discourtesy in the form of an act of presuming; "his presumption was intolerable" rebuff , slight - a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval) 5. offence - (criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act; "a long record of crimes" evildoing , transgression - the act of transgressing; the violation of a law or a duty or moral principle; "the boy was punished for the transgressions of his father" barratry - the offense of vexatiously persisting in inciting lawsuits and quarrels capital offense - a crime so serious that capital punishment is considered appropriate cybercrime - crime committed using a computer and the internet to steal a person's identity or sell contraband or stalk victims or disrupt operations with malevolent programs felony - a serious crime (such as murder or arson) forgery - criminal falsification by making or altering an instrument with intent to defraud fraud - intentional deception resulting in injury to another person Had crime - (Islam) serious crimes committed by Muslims and punishable by punishments established in the Koran; "Had crimes include apostasy from Islam and murder and theft and adultery" highjack , hijack - seizure of a vehicle in transit either to rob it or divert it to an alternate destination mayhem - the willful and unlawful crippling or mutilation of another person perpetration , committal , commission - the act of committing a crime attempt , attack - the act of attacking; "attacks on women increased last year"; "they made an attempt on his life" Tazir crime - (Islam) minor crimes committed by Muslims; crimes that are not mentioned in the Koran so judges are free to punish the


Who composed the Scottish and Italian Symphonies?

Mendelssohn: "Scottish" and "Italian" Symphonies - | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic Mendelssohn: "Scottish" and "Italian" Symphonies AllMusic Rating ©2017 AllMusic, member of the RhythmOne group  |   All Rights Reserved


We call it a spanner – what do Americans call it?

A View from England: What did you say? American English vs British English Wednesday, August 27, 2008 What did you say? American English vs British English It's well-known that"England and America are two countries divided by a common language" but I wonder how many people realize that even the simplest words can have different meanings and be cause for confusion. These are some examples: anxious: Most Americans would use the word, anxious to mean they are eagerly looking forward to something whereas most Brits use the word to mean they are worried or dreading something. Homely: in America homely refers to a person who is physically unattractive (ugly) whereas it has a completely different meaning in Britain where homely means down-to-earth and welcoming. A person and/or their home can be called homely and it's a compliment! pavement: To Americans the pavement is the road surface while in England, the pavement is what you walk on (Americans call it the sidewalk). There are also difference in spellings such ss pernickety (British spelling) and persnickety (American spelling)or titbit (British spelling) and tidbit (American spelling), hotchpotch (British spelling) or hodgepodge (American spelling). Sometimes it's the preferred use of a word that is very noticeable: Americans say almost, Brits say nearly Americans say cute , Brits say lovely Americans say awesome, Brits say brilliant Americans say Good job!, Brits say Well done! Americans say garbage, Brits say rubbish Americans say faucet, Brits say tap Americans say shopping cart, Brits say trolley Americans say watch out as a warning, Brits say mind. And completely different words that have different meanings: A flashlight is called a torch in England. A sweater is called a jumper. A jumper is a type of dress in America but is a pinafore dress in England.An undershirt is a vest and a vest is a waistcoat. Pants are trousers in England. Underwear are called pants. A headband is an Alice band. Pigtails are called bunches and (hair) braids are plaits. A barrette is a slide. A stingy person would be called mean in England. Pudding is dessert. Paper towels are kitchen towels. The principal is called the headmaster or headmistress. The substitute teacher is called the supply teacher. A wrench is a spanner. A wading pool is called a paddling pool in England. To knock on wood for luck, is touch wood in England. When speaking about sports in England such as bowling, you need to specify that you mean ten-pin bowling, not lawn bowls, since both types of bowling are popular. And to add to the confusion most Americans would assume a Brit means ice-hockey not field hockey when a Brit talks about hockey. To be "kitted out" means to be dressed in the appropriate outfit. To be "vetted" means to be checked out before you are hired for a job. When referring to buildings, the first floor in America is the same as the ground floor but in Britain, the first floor is what Americans call the second floor! Sometimes it's the use of popular brand names that are used as everyday words. For instance, the Brits refer to vacuuming as "hoovering" and ball point pens are called a "biro", and clear sticky tape is called "sellotape" (Americans call it "scotch tape"). Another example of a brand name used for an everyday product in America is "Saran wrap" which the Brits call cling film. A plaster is called a Band-aid in America. There are some very British expressions that don't mean anything to Americans such as a "nosy parker" which is just another name for a nosy person. To "suss out" someone or something, means to figure out. A "row" (rymes with cow) is an argument. Workers hired to do building work and who botch the job and don't do the work they are hired for are referred to as "cowboys". A fortnight is another word for two weeks (fourteen nights). Is it any wonder that sometimes there is a moment of confusion or wild misunderstandings from Americans in Britain and vice versa, from Brits in the USA? Edited (on 22 Dec. 2010) to add: I've written about just some of the many differences between American


Penguin Books - Design Museum Penguin Books Posted June 26, 2016     --     Updated May 25 A pioneer of high quality paperbacks, Penguin adopted an equally progressive approach to book design. Share > Penguin Books When PENGUIN was founded in 1935 with the radical concept of producing inexpensive paperback editions of high quality books, it adopted an equally progressive approach to typography and cover design. Under Jan Tschichold in the 1940s and Germano Facetti in the 1960s, Penguin became an exemplar of book design. Returning to London from a weekend at the Devon home of the crime writer Agatha Christie in 1934, the publisher Allen Lane scoured Exeter Station for something to read. All he could find were reprints of 19th century novels and Lane decided to found a publishing house to produce good quality paperbacks sold at sixpence each, the same price as a packet of cigarettes. Lane’s secretary suggested Penguin as a 'dignified, but flippant' name for the company and the office junior Edward Young was sent to sketch the penguins at London Zoo as its logotype. Young was then asked to design the covers of the first set of ten paperbacks to be published in summer 1935 including Ariel and A Farewell to Arms. Considering illustrated book covers to be trashy, Lane insisted on his following a simple horizontal grid for Penguin’s jackets in colours that signified the genre of each book: orange for fiction, green for crime, and blue for biography. The rigorous application of colour, grid and typography in those early paperbacks instilled Penguin with a commitment to design from the start. The company then strengthened its design ethos under the direction of the German typographer Jan Tschichold (1902-1974) during the 1940s and the Italian art director Germano Facetti (1926-2006) in the 1960s. A rigorous and inspiring visual language The enduring principles of Penguin’s design were defined by Allen Lane when he founded the company in the mid-1930s, but it was not until the late 1940s that it adopted a disciplined and coherent approach to design under Jan Tschichold. Already established as an eminent writer on typography and a famous practitioner by the time he arrived at Penguin in 1946, Tschichold was more assertive at imposing his design philosophy than his predecessors. Before his arrival the design of individual books had appeared cohesive, at least compared to those of rival publishers, but had varied with the views of the editor and printer. A firm believer in typographic systems, Tschichold designed a template for all Penguin books with designated positions for the title and author’s name with a line between the two. He unified the design of the front, spine and back and redrew Edward Young’s endearingly amateurish Penguin symbol in eight variations. Finally he produced a set of Composition Rules which, he insisted, were to be followed by Penguin’s typographers and printers to ensure that the same style was always applied. Tschichold was equally rigorous in the design of special sets of books published by Penguin. These included Penguin Modern Painters, introduced in 1944 by the art historian Sir Kenneth Clark to popularise modern art to “the wide public outside the art galleries”, and the Penguin Shakespeare Series, which had the same democratising objective for William Shakespeare’s plays. Among Tschichold’s innovations was to persuade Allen Lane to allow Penguin to take advantage of recent advances in printing by using illustration on the jackets of particular sets of books such as the Shakespeare Series. In 1949 Tschichold returned to Switzerland after three highly productive years in which he had defined an intellectually rigorous and inspiring visual language for Penguin, ensuring that ‘its books, produced as cheaply as possible in millions for the millions, are every bit as well set and designed as the most expensive in the country’. His successor, the typographer Hans Schmoller (1916-1985) had a rich knowledge of type and unerring eye for detail, but was less radical in his approach and tended to refine


Which new film is considered by many critics to be Woody Allen’s best for 20 years?

Ranked: All 50 Woody Allen Films From Worst to Best - MTV mtv Jordan Hoffman 07/23/2013 Woody Allen is my favorite filmmaker. Full stop. There are dozens tied for second place, but he's the one on top. I love his comedies, I love his dramas and I especially love when the two drift into one another. If a clip from a lesser-loved Woody Allen movie comes on and someone rightly asks “who lives like that?” I answer, “people in Woody Allen movies do, that's who.” My emotional life remains fairly stable; I can live precariously through the tortured artists and the poisoned relationships of the higher tax-bracketed, as seen in (most of) his films. I love the Allen persona and I love the way he writes for women. I love the people with whom he collaborates – groundbreaking cinematographers like Gordon Willis and Darius Khondji, as well as his go-to production designer Santo Loquasto and costumer Jeffrey Kurland. Then there are also the zings. While the Woody Allen screen persona has remained somewhat frozen in time for fifty years (50% neurotic Eisenhower-era enriched New York City Jew, 25% Bob Hope letch, 20% Groucho Marx wiseacre, 5% Chaplin-esque imp prone to sight-gag foibles, though my math could be a tad off) the writing still remains fresh. And the Woody persona will be one of the lasting icons of our time. (Few remember that, for eight years, King Features ran a licensed comic strip called “ Inside Woody Allen .”) Woody Allen has directed fewer than 50 films, but he's been involved with many more. To rank them all and reach a cool 50 titles, (and to figure out where this week's release “ Blue Jasmine” fits in) I came up with a special game plan. THE RULES: 1.) Anything Woody Allen wrote or directed HAS to be on the list. (Woody didn't direct “Play It Again, Sam,” but he wrote it, starred in it and the successful Broadway production was key to cementing his persona. It qualifies.) 2.) Anything Woody Allen starred in, but did not write or direct, CAN be on the list if it merits it. (In other words, you'll be reading about Martin Ritt's “The Front,” a Rollins-Joffe production, because it is good. Not so much on Alfonso Arau's “Picking up the Pieces” (2000), Paul Mazursky's “Scenes From A Mall” (1991) or the TV production of Neil Simon's “The Sunshine Boys” (1997) opposite Peter Falk, even though one of 'em - “Mall” - is certainly better than #50 on this list.) 3 .) Cameos don't count. (Sorry Doug McGrath's “Company Man” (2001), Stanley Tucci's “The Imposters (1998) and Jean-Luc Godard's “King Lear” (1987). All three of you are more interesting that the #50 pick on this list, but let's be frank, you aren't Woody Allen films.) If you disagree with this criteria I politely invite you to pull Marshall McLuhan out from behind a placard to tell me my whole fallacy is wrong. Here we go. 50 – "What's New Pussycat" (1965) The movie that took Woody Allen out of the Greenwich Village nightclubs and off the Tonight Show couch is something of a milestone – but it's also absolutely awful. I hated it as a kid when I was first discovering Woody's back catalogue and I hated it last week when I revisited it for this list. Peter O'Toole plays a British playboy who wants to be faithful to his German fiancee (Romy Schneider), but who can resist when every European sexpot keeps throwing themselves at your feet? (Ursula Andress literally falls out of the sky wearing some kind of leopardskin zip-up number.) There are some amusing moments with a badly wigged Peter Sellers as O'Toole's shrink Dr. Fritz Fassbender and Woody doing very early schtick as Victor Shakapopulis, but it doesn't cut above the cacophony of an aggressively poorly made and annoying picture. Here's the thing, though: it was a crazy success (yes, it's got the Tom Jones song and everything) but Woody hated it. It inspired him to say “never again!” to taking a mere screenwriting job. From here on in, he would direct his own work, so, in a way, we owe the rest of this list to the horridness of this film. 49 - "You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger" (2010) There are a lot of people who wan


The Brazilian Wandering variety is the most poisonous in the world …….what?

Brazilian Wandering Spiders: Bites & Other Facts Brazilian Wandering Spiders: Bites & Other Facts By Jessie Szalay, Live Science Contributor | November 19, 2014 08:26pm ET MORE Credit: Nashepard | Shutterstock Brazilian wandering spiders, also called armed spiders or banana spiders, belong to the genus Phoneutria, which means "murderess" in Greek. And it's no wonder why — it's one of the most venomous spiders on Earth. Its bite can be deadly to humans, especially children, although antivenin makes death unlikely. The Guinness Book of World Records has named the Brazilian wandering spider the world's most venomous spider  in multiple years, though, as Jo-Anne Nina Sewlal , an arachnologist at the University of the West Indies in Trinidad, pointed out, "Classifying an animal as deadly is controversial," as the amount of damage depends on the amount of venom injected. Also, a "well-publicized study that an intravenous injection of 0.006 mg of venom from these spiders caused death in mice could be regarded of little concern to humans, since we are many times larger than a mouse," she said. Classification/taxonomy There are eight species of Brazilian wandering spider, all of which can be found in Brazil. Some of the species also can be found throughout Latin America, from Costa Rica to Argentina, according to an article in the journal American Entomologist . Author Richard S. Vetter, a research associate in the department of entomology at the University of California, Riverside, wrote that specimens of these powerful arachnids have been exported to North American and Europe in banana shipments. However, Vetter noted, in many cases of cargo infestation, the spider in question is a harmless Cupiennius species that is misidentified as a Phoneutria species. The two types of spiders look similar. The taxonomy of Brazilian wandering spiders , according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), is: Kingdom: Animalia Phoneutria reidyi Size & characteristics Brazilian wandering spiders are large, with bodies reaching up to 2 inches (5 centimeters) and leg spans reaching about 6 inches (15 cm), according to the Conservation Institute . The species vary in color, though all are hairy, mostly brown and may have a black spot on their bellies. Behavior According to Sewlal, these arachnids "are called wandering spiders because they do not build webs but wander on the forest floor at night, actively hunting prey." They kill by both ambush and direct attack. They spend most of their day hiding under logs or in crevices, and come out to hunt at night. They eat insects, other spiders and sometimes, small amphibians, reptiles and mice. Because of the toxicity of their bite and their alarming-looking posture, these spiders have a reputation for being aggressive. But these behaviors are actually defense mechanisms. "When threatened, they will raise their first two pairs of legs," said Sewlal. This dramatic and intimidating posture exposes the scarlet hair surrounding the fangs on some species. Their threatened stance serves as a warning, indicating to predators that the poisonous spider is ready to attack. "Their bites are a means of self-defense and only done if they are provoked intentionally or by accident," Sewlal said. A Brazilian wandering spider guards her egg sac. Credit: Dr. Morley Read Shutterstock Mating In almost all spider species, the female is larger than the male. This dimorphism is no different in the Brazilian wandering spider. Males approach females cautiously when attempting to mate, according to the biology department at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. Males perform a dance to get females' attention, and males often fight each other over the female. The female can be picky, and she often turns down many males before choosing the one she will mate with. Once she does pick one, the male needs to watch out; females often attack the males once copulation is finished. The female then can store the sperm in a separate chamber from the eggs until she is ready to fertilize them. She will lay up to 1,000 eggs, which


Only two wild cats live wild in Europe – the wild cat itself is one – what is the other?

What Continents Do Cats Live On? - Pets Pets What Continents Do Cats Live On? by Martha Adams "I am the Cat who walks by himself, and all places are alike to me." Of the world's seven continents, only one has no resident cats of any kind whatsoever: Antarctica. Domestic cats have come there with expeditions and gone with them, too, unable to stay on their own -- lethal climate, no prey. All others have cats, native or introduced. Africa Africa claims both large and small cats, from the mighty lion to the tiny black-footed cat, a possible ancestor of Felis domesticus. In between these extremes are the leopard, the cheetah, the serval, the caracal and numerous other felines, as well as the so-called civet cat, which is not a cat at all, but a viverrid. Asia Asia is home to the largest of all the cats, the Siberian tiger, and the smallest of cats, the rusty-spotted cat of India and Sri Lanka. In the middle are the leopard, the snow leopard, the clouded leopard and on down to the small wild cats such as the odd-looking flat-headed cat and the fishing cat, the only wild cat known to fish on a regular basis. Europe The lion and the leopard no longer roam in Europe, and the largest remaining wild feline is the Scottish wildcat. The Eurasian lynx is larger, but is now found mostly in Scandinavia and eastern Russia, as far from civilization as he can get. North America The largest cat species in North America is the mountain lion, also known as a cougar or puma, but the largest individual cat in the world, a liger named Hercules, lives in Florida. Hercules is a hybrid resulting from the mating of a male lion and a female tiger in captivity, so he is not a species, but he is certainly a cat. Smaller wild cats of North America range from the bobcat, a cousin of the lynx, to the jaguarundi of Mexico and South Texas. South America The burly jaguar stalks the rainforest of Central and South America along with his tiny cousins, the oncilla and the kodkod, while the shy puma ranges the pampas and the Andean cat hunts chinchilla in the mountains. Australia Until humans arrived, Australia had no cats at all. The ecological niche they would have occupied was filled by equivalent predatory carnivorous species, including the marsupial cat and the thylacine or "Tasmanian tiger." Today, many native species are threatened by an exploding population of feral domestic cats. There are some wild tales of big cats prowling the outback, but if they're out there, they're probably escaped exotics.


Addax - Animals Animals Also known as: Screwhorn Antelope Conservation Status: Critically Endangered Location: Sahara Desert (tiny parts of Chad, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, and Tunisia) Lifespan: Up to 19 years Addax range of location Many Addax have been killed for their skins, so they are now quite rare. The Addax never drinks. It gets all the moisture it needs from the plants it eats. Its wide hooves allow it to travel quickly and easily over soft sand. Scientific classification Height: 1 metre (3.3 feet) at the shoulder Weight: 60 to 120 kg (130 to 260 lbs) Coat colour:  In the winter it is greyish brown with white hind quarters and legs. In the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde. Head: Their head is marked with brown or black patches that form an X over their nose. They have a scraggly beard and prominent red nostrils. Long black hairs stick out between their curved and spiraling horns ending in a short mane on the neck.Horns, found on both males and females, have two to three twists and can reach 80 centimeters (31 in) in females and 120 centimeters (47 in) in males. Tail: Their tail is short and slender, ending in a puff of hair. Hooves: The hooves are broad with flat soles and strong dewclaws to help them walk on soft sand. Behaviour Addax are 'nocturnal'. This means that they sleep during the day and are awake during the night. They do this because it is easier to feed at night when the temperature is cooler. During the day, Addax sleep so they can conserve their energy in the hot weather. The Addax live in a group of about 5 to 20 individuals. Predators or Prey? Lions, Leopards, and Hyenas. Although, these predators are completely or almost extinct in the wild (some live in conservation). Diet The Addax is a herbivore. This means that they only eat vegetables (no meat). This is because more energy comes from plants, which is very important in the tough habitat. Their diet consists of desert succulents, leaves, Aristida grasses, herbs, perennials and small bushes (if available). Addax can survive without water because they can get all the water they need from the plants that they eat. Habitat The Addax live on sandy or stony deserts, semi-deserts, or dry steppes. When they rest during the day, they lay in holes in the sand, often near giant rocks to hide from the sun and wind. Conservation There are fewer than 300 Addax left in the wild. They mostly only remain in Chad  Mauritania, and Niger. Although, more than 1600 live in captivity all around the world. Additionally, around 550 live under semi-wild conditions in fenced in areas in Morocco and Tunisia. This is a total of around 2450 Addax left in the entire world. Reproduction Male Addax reach sexual maturity at about 3 years, while the females mature at about 1 and a half years. The gestation period is about 8 to 9 months. A female Addax will give birth to one young at each birth. This reproduction is very similar to that of humans.The baby Addax will weight between 4.7 and 6.75 kilograms. It is hidden away for about 6 weeks (away from predators) and suckled 2 to 3 times a day on its mother. Young Addax have a tan coloured coat with very faint or no markings. Create a free website


Fungi do not have seeds – what do they have?

About Fungi | Discover The Fungi Kingdom At Kew Fungi Kingdom About fungi Fungi are important organisms and so distinct from plants and animals that they have been allotted a 'kingdom' of their own in our classifications of life on earth. Fungi v fungi First, let’s be clear: fungi and Fungi mean different things. The lower case 'fungi' is a general word that refers to organisms that all look and act the same, but are not all related. This group is artificial and includes moulds, yeasts, mushrooms, slime moulds, and water moulds (like Phytophthora, the cause of the Irish potato famine and Sudden Oak Death). On the other hand, 'Fungi', with a capital 'F', refers to the evolutionary group that includes most of the best known 'fungi': moulds, yeasts, and mushrooms, but not slime moulds or water moulds. Because all of these organisms superficially resemble each other and all do similar things, they were grouped together within the lower plants, including mosses, liverworts, and ferns, for a very long time. Fungi are not plants Well, at least since 1969 when they were first officially recognized as a distinct group. And more recently, using DNA sequences and comparisons of cell structure, we have learned that Fungi are in fact more closely related to animals than they are to plants. Superficially, they remind us more of plants than animals because they don’t move, but scratch the biological surface just a little and that’s just about the only thing they have in common. Hygrocybe conica How do Fungi eat? Unlike plants, which make their own food, Fungi are like miniature versions of our stomachs, turned inside-out. Fungi 'eat' by releasing enzymes outside of their bodies that break down nutrients into smaller pieces that they can then absorb. This feeding strategy means that Fungi always live in and on their food. How is a fungus built? Fungi come in many different sizes and shapes. Some are single cells called yeasts, while most are built from masses of tiny filaments. During reproduction, portions of these masses of filaments will differentiate from each other to make complex structures that are sometimes called fruiting bodies. These are best known from the mushrooms, like the iconic fly agaric (Amanita muscaria), but many other types of fruiting bodies are made by Fungi. Fungal sex Reproduction happens by self-cloning or through sex with compatible partners. Mostly this is accomplished by producing lots and lots of spores, which can disperse far and wide and, with luck, find a mate. But fungi don’t have just two sexes (like male and female), instead they have what are called 'mating types', and there can be as many as 20,000 different ones. Not only that but sometimes the filaments that make up the bodies of two individuals will fuse and merge their DNA – an extraordinary way of having sex that neither plants or animals can achieve. Where does a fungus live? Everywhere: Antarctica, the Amazon jungle, the Gobi desert, and even all over (and inside) you, just to name a few locations. Fungi are amazingly well adapted to just about any condition on Earth. But maybe that’s not so surprising – they have had over one billion years to figure it out. The importance of Fungi Where to begin? Fungi are tremendously important to human society and the planet we live on. They provide fundamental products including foods, medicines, and enzymes important to industry. They are also the unsung heroes of nearly all terrestrial ecosystems, hidden from view but inseparable from the processes that sustain life on the planet.


Which term describes any two colours which together produce white light?

Color - body, used, process, chemical, form, energy, air, parts, effects Color Color Photo by: SSilver Color is a property of light that depends on the frequency of light waves.    Frequency is defined as the number of wave segments that pass a given    point every second. In most cases, when people talk about light, they are    referring to white light. The best example of white light is ordinary    sunlight: light that comes from the Sun. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation: a form of energy carried by    waves. The term "electromagnetic radiation" refers to a vast    range of energy waves, including gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet rays,    visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, radar, and radio waves. Of    all these forms, only one can be detected by the human eye: visible light. White light and color White light (such as sunlight) and colors are closely related. A piece of    glass or crystal can cause a beam of sunlight to break up into a rainbow:    a beautiful separation of colors. The technical term for a rainbow is a    spectrum. The colors in a spectrum range from deep purple to brilliant    red. One way to remember the colors of the spectrum is with the mnemonic    device (memory clue) ROY G. BIV, which stands for Red, Orange, Yellow,    Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet. English physicist Isaac Newton (1642–1727) was the first person to    study the connection between white light and colors. Newton caused a beam    of white light to fall on a glass prism and found that the white light was    broken up into a spectrum. He then placed a second prism in front of the    first and found that the colors could be brought back together into a beam    of white light. A rainbow is a naturally occurring illustration of    Newton's experiment. Instead of a glass prism, though, it is tiny    droplets of rainwater that cause sunlight to break up into a spectrum of    colors, a spectrum we call a rainbow. Color and wavelength The word "color" actually refers to the light of a    particular color, such as red light, yellow light, or blue light. The    color of a light beam depends on just one factor: the wavelength of the    light. Wavelength is defined as the distance between two exactly identical    parts of a given wave. Red light consists of light waves with a wavelength    of about 700 nanometers (billionths of a meter), yellow light has    wavelengths of about 550 nanometers, and blue light has wavelengths of    about 450 nanometers. But the wavelengths of colored light are not limited    to specific ranges. For example,    waves that have wavelengths of 600, 625, 650, and 675 nanometers would    have orange, orangish-red, reddish-orange, and, finally, red colors. Words to Know Color: A property of light determined by its wavelength. Colorant: A chemical substance—such as ink, paint, crayons, or     chalk—that gives color to materials. Complementary colors: Two colors that, when mixed with each other, produce white light. Electromagnetic radiation: A form of energy carried by waves. Frequency: The number of segments in a wave that pass a given point every second. Gray: A color produced by mixing white and black. Hue: The name given to a color on the basis of its frequency. Light: A form of energy that travels in waves. Nanometer: A unit of length; this measurement is equal to one-billionth of a     meter. Pigment: A substance that displays a color because of the wavelengths of light     that it reflects. Primary colors: Colors that, when mixed with each other, produce white light. Shade: The color produced by mixing a color with black. Spectrum: The band of colors that forms when white light is passed through a     prism. Tint: The color formed by mixing a given color with white. Tone: The color formed by mixing a given color with gray (black and white). Wavelength: The distance between two exactly identical parts of a wave. The color of objects Light can be seen only when it reflects off som


Sterling silver contains 92.5 parts silver and 7.5 parts ……what?

What is Sterling Silver | 925 Sterling Silver Jewelry What is Sterling Silver?   Sterling silver is one of the world’s most popular precious metals.  Whether used for jewelry, flatware, décor pieces, or currency, all sterling silver is an alloy, because pure silver is too soft for most purposes.  Sterling silver contains 92.5% (by mass) of silver, and 7.5% of one or more other metals.  Copper is the most common metal added to silver to create the sterling alloy.  The standard minimum millesimal (parts per thousandth) fineness of sterling silver is 925, what this means is 925 parts of every thousand is pure silver. Archeologists have found evidence that silver-alloy tools were in use as early as the Third Millennium BC (3000-2001 BC) in what is now known as Iraq.  Silver alloys were used to make medical and surgical instruments, and sterling silver is still utilized in these ways today.  We now know that silver is naturally aseptic (sterile) as well as resistant to antiseptics, sterilization methods (heat and chemicals), and body fluids.  The qualities added to the malleability (soft and easy to shape) make silver and silver alloys nearly perfect for a wide variety of medical uses. The earliest reference to sterling silver in text was found in a document relating to the charter of an abbey in the area of northern France known as Normandy; the document was written in either 1085 or 1104.  The word, “esterlin,” was adapted to Latin (“librae sterilensium” and “librae sterilensis monetae”) and refers to the Norman silver penny that had just been created.  Across the channel, Old English produced the form of the word closer to what we use today: “steorling.”  It is supposed that the word refers to the star that often appeared imprinted on early Norman pennies. The first legal definition of sterling silver was made in 1275 during the reign of Edward I of England.  The statute stated that a 12-ounce coin would contain 11 ounces and 2.25 pennyweights (a little more than a tenth of an ounce) and 17.75 pennyweights of alloy. Starting around 1840, sterling silver became the popular choice for flatware in the United States and Europe, and enjoyed a hundred years as the world’s favorite metal.  The number of silver companies grew rapidly to accommodate the demand.  During the height of the “craze,” 1870-1920, dinners grew from three basic courses to ten or more extravagant ones, to showcase the scores of eating and serving pieces being created.  (A place setting might include 5 forks, 6 spoons, and 5 knives, plus a napkin ring, goblet, salver, and demitasse cup and saucer made of sterling silver.) Sterling silver jewelry has retained its popularity and value for thousands of years.  Prized for versatility and beauty, sterling silver has never suffered the ill connotations attached to gold, such as greed.  When crafted with the skill and vision of an artisan, this amazing metal elevates any element added to it, from humble amber to precious gems, and can become the exquisite centerpiece to any ensemble.  For lovely longevity, there is simply no match for sterling silver. Read more about silver: