"Who wrote the book ""In His Own Write"", published in March 1964, and the follow up, ""A Spaniard in the Works"", published in June 1965?"

Bookride: In His Own Write. John Lennon, 1964. RARE BOOK GUIDE - THE RUNNERS, THE RIDERS & THE ODDS 15 April 2007 In His Own Write. John Lennon, 1964. "Puffing and globbering they drugged theyselves rampling or dancing with wild abdomen, stubbing in wild postumes amongst themselves . . ." John Lennon. IN HIS OWN WRITE. Jonathan Cape, London 1964. Current Selling Prices $150-$300 /£75 - £150 HUMOUR / POP / BEATLES Lennon's first book. A very easy book to determine as a first, it says 'First Published in 1964' and that's it. No reprints must be mentioned. English whimsy, showing some influence of Professor Stanley Unwin (the above 'globbering' quote is a good example), Lewis Carroll, Spike Milligan and James Joyce of the Finnegan period.... The major acknowledged influence on Lennon's prose style was Stanley Unwin (1911 - 2002). His 'Pidey Pipeload of Hameling' gives a good example of why the thinking man's Beatle dug the Professor:- Once in a long far awow, in the Germanic land, there was a great city with Grubbelsberg or something like that, with an Obermeister-Bergelmasty who was in charge. Now there they had a surfeit or rat-suffery, where all they used to creep and out and gnaw sniff and gribble into the early mord (and the late evage) there, biting the bits of the table, also the tea-clothers; and when people were asleep in their beds, so these rats would gnaw into the sheebs and also the whiskers of those who was dangly hoaver. VALUE? Just sold a bright, clean first UK copy on ebay for $298 (that's our actual photo) which is pretty much it. We got alot of emails over the 10 days asking whether it was truly a first or a 'first edition, first impression' even though we illustrated the edition statement and insisted it was the true first. It is not ignorance but distrust - too many punters have been fooled into buying reprints that have been described as first editions either by crooks or dimwits, often both. To get anymore than £150 it has to be some sort of advance or review copy or an uncorrected proof or a signed presentation from the author. One signed twice by Lennon and also by all 3 other Fabs is on sale at £15000 and could well sell. The Spaniard in the Works from 1965 is worth about the same money if not slightly more. Meanwhile it is said that prison guards (screws) short of a few bob get John's assassin Mark Chapman to sign copies of his favourite book 'Catcher in the Rye' and put them on ebay. Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? Conspiracy theories abound including an attempted connection with Billy J Kramer and the NY block where John was shot -- Billy's group was called 'The Dakotas' (geddit?) --also Mia Farrow who was at Rishikesh with the mantra muttering moptops was in 'Rosemary's Baby' which was filmed at the Dakota building. Say no more. Rare photo of Billy J and his band and Gerry Marsden with the Fab Four beneath. Posted by


What was the occupation of Willy Loman in the play written in 1949 by Arthur Miller?

SparkNotes: Death of a Salesman: Key Facts Death of a Salesman full title  ·  Death of a Salesman: Certain Private Conversations in Two Acts and a Requiem author  · Arthur Miller genre  · Tragedy, social commentary, family drama language  · English (with emphasis on middle-class American lingo) time and place written  · Six weeks in 1948, in a shed in Connecticut date of first publication  ·  1949 original publisher  · The Viking Press climax  · The scene in Frank’s Chop House and Biff’s final confrontation with Willy at home protagonists  · Willy Loman, Biff Loman antagonists  · Biff Loman, Willy Loman, the American Dream setting (time)  · “Today,” that is, the present; either the late 1940s or the time period in which the play is being produced, with “daydreams” into Willy’s past; all of the action takes place during a twenty-four-hour period between Monday night and Tuesday night, except the “Requiem,” which takes place, presumably, a few days after Willy’s funeral setting (place)  · According to the stage directions, “Willy Loman’s house and yard [in Brooklyn] and . . . various places he visits in . . . New York and Boston” falling action  · The “Requiem” section, although the play is not really structured as a classical drama tense  · Present foreshadowing  · Willy’s flute theme foreshadows the revelation of his father’s occupation and abandonment; Willy’s preoccupation with Linda’s stockings foreshadows his affair with The Woman; Willy’s automobile accident before the start of Act I foreshadows his suicide at the end of Act II tone  · The tone of Miller’s stage directions and dialogue ranges from sincere to parodying, but, in general, the treatment is tender, though at times brutally honest, toward Willy’s plight themes  · The American Dream; abandonment; betrayal motifs  · Mythic figures; the American West; Alaska; the African jungle symbols  · Seeds; diamonds; Linda’s and The Woman’s stockings; the rubber hose More Help


What international sporting body is based in Dublin, Ireland?

International Rugby Board - SportsPro Media International Rugby Board Contact Details IRB Organisation The International Rugby Board (IRB) was founded in 1886. With its headquarters in Dublin, the IRB is the world governing and Law making body for the Game of Rugby Union. The IRB has several main functions including: Governance of the Laws and Regulations and their enforcement Tournament owners and managers Global game development through Member Unions funding via grants and Strategic Investment programmes, and delivery of Education & Development programmes Game promotion IRB Charter The IRB Charter provides a checklist of how the Game should be played and approached, in order to maintain the unique social and emotional principles that underpin it. Download the IRB Charter (PDF) by clicking on one of the links below: IRB Charter (ZH) The day to day business of the Board is conducted by a professional staff of over 50, the majority of whom are based in Dublin. Personnel employed around the world includes Regional Development Managers, High Performance Managers and Regional General Managers working in Europe, Asia, Africa, The Americas and Oceania. Rugby is played by men and women, boys and girls, in more than 100 countries across five continents. The IRB membership currently totals 97 Unions in full membership, 20 Associate Members and six Regional Associations. The IRB Council, under the Chairmanship of Bernard Lapasset, meets twice a year. It consists of the eight foundations Unions each with two seats - Scotland, Ireland, Wales, England, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and France. Argentina, Canada, Italy and Japan each have one seat on the Council as do all the Regional Associations. An Executive Committee meets on a regular basis in order to formulate and oversee the implementation of the IRB Strategic Plan, monitor performance and implement good corporate governance principles and practices. The full membership meets at a General Meeting convened every two years. Regional meetings are held at regular intervals. There are a number of tournaments under IRB control, including the Women's Rugby World Cup, Rugby World Cup Sevens, HSBC Sevens World Series, IRB Junior World Championship, IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy and IRB Nations Cup. The principal IRB property is, however, Rugby World Cup. Rugby World Cup Rugby World Cup (RWC) is the financial engine which drives the development of the game world-wide. The revenues from RWC provide the IRB with the funds which are distributed to the Member Unions to aid and assist them in the expansion and development of the game. Rugby World Cup Limited, under the control and direction of the IRB, is the owner of all rights associated with the Tournament. The inaugural Rugby World Cup was held in New Zealand and Australia in 1987. The first winners of the Webb Ellis Cup were New Zealand. In 1991 Australia were the winners at Twickenham; South Africa, as hosts, were the winners in 1995; in 1999 Australia won the Cup for a second time at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. 2003 saw the first northern hemisphere winners - England - in Sydney, but the trophy returned south in 2007 when South Africa became the second team to win two Rugby World Cups with their victory in the Stade de France, Paris.  RWC 2007 attracted 2.2 million ticket sales, 1.8 million website hits and record television viewing figures through broadcast exposure via 238 channels around the world. The cumulative TV audience was estimated as 4.2 billion. From the quarter-final stage onwards the matches were completely sold out and the qualifying pool stages set a new record for average crowd attendance at 48,500. RWC has now become established as one of the most important sporting events behind the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup.


How to Play the Kazoo: 9 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow Getting a Kazoo 1 Determine your purpose. Do you want to play for fun, for a class, or as a whimsical addition to your band? This will help determine the quality of kazoo that you need. For the most part, the kazoo is a very inexpensive instrument. You can find plastic kazoos at dollar stores, department stores, and toy stores. If you’re looking for something of a slightly higher quality or different aesthetic, consider a wooden kazoo. [2] You also might consider a metal kazoo. [3] If you do choose metal, watch for rust, and dry it off each time you play. If you’re going to be playing a lot, consider getting a few kazoos, since they are often only a couple of dollars each. This will ensure you have a back up in case one breaks. An electric kazoo is another alternative for musicians and those interested in recording with the kazoo. [4] 2 Choose your color. The kazoo is a whimsical instrument that comes in a rainbow array of colors to match. Pick a fun color that makes you excited to pick up your kazoo and play. [5] Add personalization. Consider putting a small sticker on your kazoo. This is especially great for identification if you’ll be using it in a classroom setting, where a lot of people with have their kazoos with them. 3 Create a designated case for your kazoo. Even though the kazoo is a relatively inexpensive instrument, you still want to take care of it. If the kazoo doesn’t come with a case, use an old, hard shell eyeglass case. You can find these at thrift stores, if you don’t have one already. Write your name on your case in permanent marker. Part 2 Learning to Play 1 Hold the kazoo horizontally. Unlike a larger instrument such as a clarinet, you can use one hand to hold your kazoo. The mouthpiece of the kazoo is the wider, flattened end. 2 Hum into the kazoo. To make sounds with your kazoo, you’ll need to hum, rather than blow [6] because humming create vibration. [7] You should place your mouth on the kazoo as though it were a whistle. To make slightly different types of sounds, try humming different syllables like “do,” “who,” “brr,” or “rrr.” 3 Create pitch with your humming. The kazoo has no frills so you create all of the pitches in a song with your mouth. Practice humming songs you like without the kazoo, first. Then, try humming them with your kazoo’s mouthpiece against your mouth. Part 3 Improving Your Skills 1 Train your ear. Because all the pitch in your kazoo playing comes from your mouth alone, you’ll want to practice hearing and recreating notes. [8] Listen to songs you like, and sing along out loud. Pay attention to trying to match the pitch correctly. Record yourself humming a song on a recorder device or your phone. Then, play the song and your recording at the same time. See how well you matched pitch. Try playing your kazoo along to recorded songs. 2 Set aside time to practice each day. Even though the kazoo is a simple instrument, you won’t improve unless you practice. Pick a specific time of day and length of time you want to practice. Set some goals for each practice session. [9] Write them down in a notebook. Your goals could be experimenting with humming techniques or practicing specific songs. 3 Play with friends. Above all, the kazoo is a fun instrument, and you should enjoy playing it. Play your favorite songs for your friends. If you’re in a class, practice with other people from your class. If some of your friends play different instruments, consider starting a band for fun. Community Q&A What am I doing with my life? I just bought a kazoo for God's sake. wikiHow Contributor Do not worry. The kazoo will benefit your entire life. You can sing, dance, pretend, and play the kazoo. Just Kazoo it. My chorus teacher says I am humming through my nose. What does that mean and how do I fix it? wikiHow Contributor It means that you are pushing the air through your nose instead of through your mouth into the kazoo as you are playing, and it is making you play incorrectly. Try clogging your nose. Or, much simpler, listen to your teacher


"Who wrote the lyrics to Burt Bacharach's music for the songs including ""The Look of Love"", ""Walk on By"", ""Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"", ""This Guy's in Love with You"" and ""I'll Never Fall in Love Again""?"

BURT BACHARACH Lyrics | eLyrics.net Burt Bacharach Lyrics  (1-75 of 88 song lyrics) Average rating for Burt Bacharach songs is 7.31/10 [88 votes]. Selected popular Burt Bacharach song of Sunday, January 8 2017 is "Don't Make Me Over". click on the album covers to see the lyrics inside the album The Magic of Burt Bacharach [2010] Burt Bacharach: Live At the Sydney Opera House [2008] Something Big: The Complete A&M Years...And More! [2004] What the World Needs Now - Burt Bacharach Classics [2003] Isn't She Great (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) [1999] Burt Bacharach - One Amazing Night [1998] Burt Bacharach Plays His Hits [1997] Classics, Vol. 23: Burt Bacharach [1987] Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (Music from the Motion Picture) [1969] Make It Easy on Yourself [1969] After the Fox (Motion Picture Soundtrack) [1966] Page: 1 2   Related Information for Burt Bacharach Bacharach studied music at McGill University and the Mannes School of Music. In the 1950s and the early 1960s he was the pianist, arranger and bandleader for Marlene Dietrich with whom he toured. He teamed with lyricist Hal David and others to write many popular songs in the 1960s and 1970s.Bacharach's music has been sung by a number of popular singers including The Beatles,The Carpenters, Aretha Franklin, Jack Jones, Tom Jones, Dusty Springfield, Luther Vandross and The Drifters. He met Di.. read more


"Who was the writer of the books on which the UK comedy TV series ""Doctor in the House"" (1969-70) were based?"

Rob Buckman obituary | Books | The Guardian Rob Buckman obituary Oncologist, writer and broadcaster who investigated medical matters with humour and zest Buckman in 1997. His later illnesses caused some to wonder if it is possible to have too much vitality. Photograph: Ian Jones Wednesday 12 October 2011 13.46 EDT First published on Wednesday 12 October 2011 13.46 EDT Share on Messenger Close The oncologist, writer and performer Rob Buckman, who has died aged 63 in his sleep on board a plane, spent last week making a series of short films. We were working on them together, and Rob was his usual irrepressible self, full of good humour, jokes and kindness. On Sunday the whole film crew had lunch in a pub, and Rob left to catch the flight to Toronto on which he died. The films, ironically, are called Top Ten Tips for Health. The Guardian writer Nancy Banks-Smith described Rob as "one of those exciting scientists in full fizz who look as if they have access to a strong tonic not yet on the market". She was reviewing a film he made in 1981 called Your Own Worst Enemy. He was then suffering from an autoimmune disease called dermatomyositis, in which the body's defences start to attack the body itself. At the time he started filming, Rob assumed the disease would prove fatal, and had determined to make the film to educate people on the subject. But one last treatment of blood plasma replacement and a new drug stopped the disease. However, he later suffered from another autoimmune disease that left him semi-paralysed. Banks-Smith remarked on his courage and fortitude: "The surviving drive to describe his own disease and dissolution was one of the most striking scientific achievements I have seen on television." Rob was born in London to Bernard Buckman, a trader, and his wife, Irene, a barrister. He began his acting career at the age of 13, while still at University College school, north London, playing the Midshipmite in Gilbert and Sullivan's HMS Pinafore at the Savoy theatre. Then he went on to St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated in medicine in 1972, after having featured in a vintage Footlights team. As a junior doctor at University College hospital, London, he met Chris Beetles, and they teamed up as Beetles and Buckman to perform live comedy and revue. Rob wrote for the long-running satirical BBC Radio 4 show Week Ending, and for an LWT sitcom, Doctor On the Go, based on Richard Gordon's Doctor in the House books. Beetles and Buckman then performed their own material in another LWT series, The Pink Medicine Show (1978). I first encountered them at the Amnesty International fundraiser The Secret Policeman's Ball in 1979, and Rob went on to front a long-running ITV medical series in the 1980s with Miriam Stoppard, Where There's Life. Unable to find a consultant's job in oncology in the UK, Rob emigrated to Canada in 1985 and took up a post at the Sunnybrook hospital in Toronto. But he carried on making television programmes. In Magic or Medicine? (1994), he investigated alternative therapies, while Human Wildlife: The Life That Lives On Us (2002) looked at microbes in the home environment. Besides contributing to Punch and writing a weekly column for the Toronto Globe and Mail, Rob also wrote many books, including Jogging from Memory: Letters to Sigmund Freud (1980); How to Break Bad News: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals (1992); Not Dead Yet: The Unauthorized Autobiography of Dr Robert Buckman, Complete With Map, Many Photographs and Irritating Footnotes (1999); Cancer is a Word, Not a Sentence (2006); and Can We Be Good Without God?: Biology, Behaviour and the Need to Believe (2002). He was president of the Humanist Association of Canada; chair of the advisory board on bioethics of the International Humanist and Ethical Union; and a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in the UK, and of its Canadian counterpart. He became a pioneer of communication and supportive care in medicine at the Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto, and was professor in the department of medicine at the University of Toronto.


Charles II was the sovereign during which period of British history?

BBC - History -   British History in depth: Charles II: The Masquerading Monarch Print this page Introduction Biographies of King Charles II show a curious discrepancy. Popular books, plays and films overwhelmingly portray a man of extraordinary charm, wit, courtesy and affability, loyal to old friends, perceptive and intelligent, and marvellously cultured; the monarch who introduced the British to champagne and yachting. This picture is true. Academic historians, by contrast, almost all see Charles as a king of no vision and no fixed ideals, irresponsible, unbusinesslike and with a disastrous taste for taking risks, who turned his three nations into states riven by chronic instability and distrust. This is also an accurate assessment. The difference is largely a matter of preoccupation. The former image is largely that of the king in his leisure pursuits, while the latter is that of him as a ruler. What must be especially significant is that virtually all those contemporaries who have left opinions paid tribute to Charles's social charms, and none ranked him as a great monarch. He certainly had one of the most traumatic, and potentially one of the most valuable, political educations that any sovereign has ever received. ...virtually all those contemporaries who have left opinions, paid tribute to Charles's social charms, yet none ranked him as a great monarch. In 1642, when he was twelve years old, the three kingdoms of his father Charles I, England, Scotland, and Ireland, dissolved into civil war. His father was eventually imprisoned, and then executed in 1649. For eleven years young Charles was left to wander between a succession of refuges in the British Isles and on the Continent. Britain was ruled as a republic, and only the fact that its leaders quarrelled amongst themselves allowed a counter-revolution to occur in 1660, after which he was invited back to his thrones. These experiences have been credited with turning him into the cynical and opportunist politician that he became; but from his first actions as a king his enduring strengths and weaknesses are already apparent. Top A crazy idea A print showing the coronation of Charles II    © As is well known, in 1651 he attempted to avenge his father's death by invading England with an army of Scots, which was destroyed at the battle of Worcester. He escaped to safety in France by hiding in an oak tree and various other places between which he was spirited by loyal royalists. This romantic tale has become part of the national epic. What is less often appreciated is that his invasion of England was itself a crazy idea, provoked by the fact that he had just been defeated in Scotland by an English invasion force. In that situation most leaders would have fled to the Continent while it was still safe to do so, or withdrawn into the Highlands to wage guerrilla war. ...his invasion of England was itself a crazy idea Instead Charles attempted the reckless gamble of slipping past his enemies into England in the vain hope that his English sympathisers would rise for him en masse. Instead he was chased, trapped, and overpowered, sealing the fate of his army by leading it in a suicidal charge uphill against superior numbers. Almost all the 13,000 Scots who had followed him were killed or captured, and only amazing luck preserved the king. The bullets missed him and in his flight he stumbled upon a household of loyalists that were both willing and able to conceal him. Top The Restoration At his restoration, Charles faced a daunting set of problems, almost all concentrated in England. Scotland and Ireland were certainly both unhappy and divided realms, but the experience of republican rule had left them too exhausted and afraid of the English to take any initiative in British affairs or oppose the royal will. If Charles could only make a success of England, then his affairs were bound to prosper. One difficulty he faced was that initially he was given a financial settlement that was simply not adequate to his needs, and that Parliament did not take the problem seriously eno


What provides the staple diet of a koala?

What does a koala bear eat? | Reference.com What does a koala bear eat? A: Quick Answer Koalas eat leaves, with eucalyptus being the most prominent staple in their diet. Koalas have very strong jaws, allowing them to chew tough, fibrous leaves. Eucalyptus leaves are very low in nutrition, and they contain a toxin that is filtered out through the digestive system. Koalas use their keen sense of smell to differentiate between leave types, and determine how much of the toxin they contain. Full Answer A baby koala, or a joey as it is called, nurses on milk while it lives in its mother's pouch for around six months. After emerging from the pouch, the joey lives on its mother's back for roughly six more months, subsisting on both milk and eucalyptus leaves. After approximately one year, the joey is weaned off of milk. Koalas only eat 50 species of eucalyptus, out of the 700 in Australia. Their sharp claws and strong limbs allow them to climb tree trunks. Koalas have tails with thick padding, which helps them to sit in trees for hours at a time. They have four fingers and an opposable thumb on each hand for gripping the branches. They tend to be solitary creatures, and males mark their territory by rubbing a scent gland against trees.


What mythical monster In Greek mythology with the face of a woman and the body of a vulture stole food and was an agent of punishment, abducted people and tortured them?

harpy : definition of harpy and synonyms of harpy (English) Siren , sphinx , centaur In Greek mythology , a harpy ("snatcher", from Latin : harpeia, originating in Greek : ἅρπυια, harpūia) was one of the winged spirits best known for constantly stealing all food from Phineus . The literal meaning of the word seems to be "that which snatches" as it comes from the ancient Greek word harpazein (ἁρπάζειν), which means "to snatch". A harpy was the mother by the West Wind Zephyros of the horses of Achilles . [1] Hesiod [2] calls them two "lovely-haired" creatures, and pottery art depicting the harpies featured beautiful women with wings. Harpies as ugly winged bird-women, e.g. in Aeschylus ' The Eumenides (line 50) are a late development, due to a confusion with the Sirens . Roman and Byzantine writers detailed their ugliness. [3] Contents The harpies were sisters of Iris , daughters of Thaumas and Electra . [4] Phineus , a king of Thrace , had the gift of prophecy . Zeus, angry that Phineas revealed too much, punished him by blinding him and putting him on an island with a buffet of food which he could never eat. The harpies always arrived and stole the food out of his hands before he could satisfy his hunger, and befouled the remains of his food. This continued until the arrival of Jason and the Argonauts . The Boreads , sons of Boreas , the North Wind, who also could fly, succeeded in driving off the harpies, but without killing any of them, following a request from Iris , who promised that Phineas would not be bothered by the harpies again, and "the dogs of great Zeus" returned to their "cave in Minoan Crete". Thankful for their help, Phineas told the Argonauts how to pass the Symplegades . [5] In this form they were agents of punishment who abducted people and tortured them on their way to Tartarus . They were vicious, cruel and violent. They lived on the islands of the Strophades . They were usually seen as the personifications of the destructive nature of wind. The harpies in this tradition, now thought of as three sisters instead of the original two, were: Aello ("storm swift"), Celaeno ("the dark") — also known as Podarge ("fleet-foot") — and Ocypete ("the swift wing"). Aeneas encountered harpies on the Strophades as they repeatedly made off with the feast the Trojans were setting. Celaeno cursed them, saying the Trojans will be so hungry they will eat their tables before they reach the end of their journey. The Trojans fled in fear.   Harpies in the infernal wood, from Inferno XIII, by Gustave Doré , 1861 Harpies remained vivid in the Middle Ages. In his Inferno, XIII, Dante envisages the tortured wood infested with harpies, where the suicides have their punishment in the seventh ring of Hell: Here the repellent harpies make their nests, Who drove the Trojans from the Strophades With dire announcements of the coming woe. They have broad wings, a human neck and face, Clawed feet and swollen, feathered bellies; they caw Their lamentations in the eerie trees. [6] William Blake was inspired by Dante's description in his pencil, ink and watercolour " The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides " (Tate Gallery, London).   Heraldry In the Middle Ages , the harpy, often called the "virgin eagle", became a popular charge in heraldry , particularly in East Frisia , seen on, among others, the coats-of-arms of Rietburg , Liechtenstein , and the Cirksena   Harpies in reality The American Harpy Eagle is a real bird named after the mythological animal. The term is often used metaphorically to refer to a nasty or annoying woman. In Shakespeare 's Much Ado About Nothing , Benedick spots the sharp-tongued Beatrice approaching and exclaims to the Prince, Don Pedro, that he would do an assortment of arduous tasks for him "rather than hold three words conference with this harpy!"   Harpies in popular culture With their composite form and violent nature, harpies are depicted in films, television and other aspects of popular culture. Harpies are commonly depicted as a race of bird-women, such as in Philip Pullman 's His Da


The pirate radio station Radio Caroline was named after the daughter of which US President?

Pirate that ruled the airwaves: Radio Caroline was the boat that rocked the music business | UK | News | Daily Express UK Pirate that ruled the airwaves: Radio Caroline was the boat that rocked the music business POP music fans of the early 1960s were not exactly spoilt for choice when it came to radio stations. 00:01, Sat, Mar 22, 2014 Canadian-born disc jockey Simon Dee broadcasts on Radio Caroline [AP] There were two: the BBC Light Programme (frumpy and dated) and Radio Luxembourg (in the grip of label giants Decca and EMI). The fact that by contrast we have such an enormous range from which to choose today is due to the pirate stations that emerged – none more so than Radio Caroline which celebrates the 50th anniversary of its launch next week on March 28. The station was the brainchild of Ronan O’Rahilly. Frustrated by his inability to get airplay for his client Georgie Fame he resolved to set up a radio station that would transmit from a ship in international waters off the British coast, safe from the clutches of the authorities. He raised £150,000 and bought a 763-tonne former Danish ferry called the MV Frederica. Next step was to hire some hip young DJs, a line-up that included a former national serviceman called Cyril Nicholas Henty-Dodd, who found fame under his rather trendier pseudonym Simon Dee. Radio Caroline launched on Easter Sunday 1964 amid a blare of publicity and went on to become the biggest commercial radio station in the world, breeding a generation of household-name DJs such as Emperor Rosko, Tony Blackburn and Johnnie Walker. It was forced to cease offshore operations in 1990 due to a lack of fuel and supplies and there was no way back as a pirate station when the government introduced legislation to allow it to take action against ships broadcasting to its territory from ships in international waters on December 30 of that year. While it survives as an online presence its great days are well behind it but what days they were, as a new book reveals. Janet Terret climbs up aboard Radio Caroline on her wedding day [PA] Radio Caroline launched on Easter Sunday 1964 amid a blare of publicity and went on to become the biggest commercial radio station in the world WHY WAS IT NAMED CAROLINE? There are no fewer than three theories: ? Founder O’Rahilly was so touched by an article about John F Kennedy illustrated by pictures of him working in the Oval Office of the White House while his two young children gambolled at his feet that he named his station after the president’s daughter. ? It was a ploy to suck up to the Chancellor of the day Reginald Maudling who had a daughter called Caroline. ? One of the station’s backers Jocelyn Stevens was the proprietor of Queen magazine, which had a style guide revolving around the tastes and aspirations of a typical reader known as Caroline. DIRTY TRICKS The battle to be the first pirate station to air and thus the beneficiary of acres of newspaper coverage and TV and radio time led to unscrupulous delaying tactics. Caroline was in a race against time with a rival called Radio Atlanta, whose ship was moored alongside it at a port on the coast of Northern Ireland. Atlanta boss Allan Crawford complained: “The sabotage that was going on in my ship to stop it getting ready was colossal.” What’s more, the harbour master – presumably influenced by O’Rahilly – periodically ordered Crawford’s ship to leave the harbour for some trumped up reason. Caroline also initially duped its competitor into thinking it was going to broadcast to the Northwest from an anchorage off the Isle of Man before promptly heading in the opposite direction to a spot off the east coast near Harwich. THE ESTABLISHMENT BACKLASH The government reacted furiously to Radio Caroline’s launch with a flurry of ineffective actions. It asked Panama to revoke the ship’s registration, blocked ship-to-shore communications and warned off advertisers. Meanwhile the Post Office told listeners they were liable to a £10 fine and £50 more for any repeat offences. The chairman of EMI suggested that the record industry s


"During the production of the Disney animated feature ""Fantasia"", what nickname was given by the animation department to the unnamed sorcerer in ""The Sorcerer's Apprentice"" segment?"

Mickey Mouse | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia ― Walt Disney [src] Mickey Mouse is an animated anthropomorphic mouse created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks in the year 1928 . Mickey is, by far, The Walt Disney Company 's most famous character and serves as the company's mascot. Estimated as standing 2' 3" (69 cm) and weighing 23 pounds (10 kg), Mickey rapidly rose to the pinnacle of American culture, becoming the most popular cartoon character in the world and the prime influence of following cartoons. For over 86 years, he has signified The Walt Disney Company , animation, goodwill, fun, laughter, and most of all Walt Disney himself. It was said by Lillian Disney , his wife, that over the years, Mickey and Walt grew together and were mirrors of each other's personality. They both started off mischievous and cheeky, but as they grew older preferred to step out of the spotlight and observe others work their magic. President Jimmy Carter once said: "Mickey Mouse is the symbol of goodwill, surpassing all languages and cultures. When one sees Mickey Mouse, they see happiness." Mickey's 3-circle silhouette serves as the logo for most of Disney's subsidiaries, save for the ones that don't carry the 'Disney' or 'Walt Disney' label. Andy Warhol's portrait from The Art of Mickey Mouse used Warhol's famous pop art techniques on the classic mouse. Mickey is often cited as the world's most famous cartoon character of all time. Contents Background Personality Mickey's most widely known traits are his wholesomeness and charisma. In contrast to this, Mickey is also known for being exceptionally mischievous; due to his curiosity, optimism and occasional arrogance, Mickey has a habit of finding himself in a wide array of self-inflicted trouble—sometimes comedically ( Mickey's Airplane Kit ), sometimes highly consequentially ( Epic Mickey ). Nevertheless, he is also quick-thinking and crafty and is thusly able to save himself from the varying danger, ending out on top in the end. Because of his small size, he additionally relies on his trickster nature to get the best of his rivals. His craftiness is also put into good use when looking for ways to make life easier for himself, even if he knowingly has to break rules in the process, being somewhat of a schemer in this sense ( The Sorcerer's Apprentice , " Stayin' Cool "). As mentioned, Mickey is rather charismatic, and this is prominently displayed in his relationship with his longtime girlfriend, Minnie Mouse . The two are shown to be deeply in love with each other, and as such, Mickey has repeatedly gone to great lengths to both ensure Minnie's happiness, and to impress her (sometimes out of insecurity of losing her, as seen in Mickey Tries to Cook ). While he tries his best to avoid danger when possible, Mickey will immediately force himself to become a valiant hero when Minnie is put into danger. When protecting Minnie, Mickey proves himself to be quite skilled in combat, and his previously mentioned craftiness is, again, prominently featured. In turn, Minnie is an avid supporter of Mickey and openly returns his sentiments. Though she finds herself annoyed with Mickey's habit of forgetting special occasions and other important matters ( Rent Day , Runaway Brain ), she simultaneously serves as Mickey's better half, bringing out the best of him, even after his own flaws create significant mayhem. Despite his mischievousness and being lazy, Mickey is a reliable leader and is well-respected amongst his peers because of this. A great example of this can be seen in various cartoons in which Mickey stars alongside his best friends, the ill-tempered Donald Duck and exceptionally clumsy Goofy . With his intelligence and wit, he is able to handle issues fairly better than both Donald and Goofy, as his temper and clumsiness are not as distracting for himself as they are for his two comrades. The dynamic shared with Donald and Goofy also brings out two significant, yet greatly differing traits of Mickey's. Donald occasionally holds resentment towards Mickey, being envious of his success, thoug


"Which country has, at various times, been known as ""Kingdom of"" (1918), ""Democratic Federal"" (1943) ""Federal People's Republic of"" (1946), ""Socialist Federal Republic of"" (1963) and ""Federal Republic of"" (1992 to 2003)?"

Israel (country) | Article about Israel (country) by The Free Dictionary Israel (country) | Article about Israel (country) by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Israel+(country) Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Israel (ĭz`rēəl, ĭz`rāəl) [as understood by Hebrews,=he strives with God], according to the book of Genesis, name given to Jacob Jacob , in the Bible, ancestor of the Hebrews, the younger of Isaac and Rebecca's twin sons; the older was Esau. In exchange for a bowl of lentil soup, Jacob obtained Esau's birthright and, with his mother's help, received the blessing that the dying Isaac had intended for his ..... Click the link for more information.  as eponymous ancestor of the Hebrews, the chosen people of God. In the story, Jacob finds himself struggling with a being who, by the end of the narrative, is sometimes taken to be revealed as God. The story highlights the theme of Jacob's conflict and alienation from people (Isaac, Laban, and Esau) and God. The struggle marks a critical stage in the psychological development of Jacob. The 12 tribes of Israel were named for 10 sons of Jacob ( Reuben Reuben , in the Bible, Jacob's eldest son and eponymous ancestor of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. He interceded for his brother Joseph's life and guaranteed the safe return from Egypt of another brother, Benjamin. ..... Click the link for more information. , Simeon Simeon or Symeon , in the Bible. 1 Second son of Jacob and Leah and ancestor of the southernmost tribe of Israel. He and his tribe are seldom mentioned individually. 2 Devout man who blessed Jesus when He was presented in the Temple. ..... Click the link for more information. , Judah Judah . 1 In the Bible he is the fourth son of Jacob and Leah and the eponymous ancestor of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. In the Book of Genesis, Judah emerges as a leader. ..... Click the link for more information. , Zebulun Zebulun , in the Bible, son of Jacob and Leah, eponymous ancestor of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. Its allotment was in N Palestine W of Mt. Carmel. The judge Elon was from this tribe. ..... Click the link for more information. , Issachar Issachar , in the patriarchal narratives of the Bible, son of Jacob and Leah and the ancestor of one of the 12 tribes. The territory allotted to the tribe of Issachar at the time of the conquest extended along the west bank of the Jordan. ..... Click the link for more information. , Dan Dan. 1 In the Bible, son of Jacob and Bilhah and eponymous ancestor of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. Their allotment in SW Palestine was the least extensive. The hostility of the Amorites living there prompted the Danites to migrate north where they established ..... Click the link for more information. , Gad Gad, in the Bible, son of Jacob and Zilpah and eponymous founder of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. Its allotment was half of Gilead; this was the land best suited to the pastoral life, which Gad, like Reuben, continued after the years in Egypt. ..... Click the link for more information. , Asher Asher [Heb.,=happy], in the Bible, tribe of Israel. Its eponym was Jacob's eighth son. It occupied the northwestern part of ancient Palestine, and its position laid Asher open to influence from other nations and attacks by them. ..... Click the link for more information. , Naphtali Naphtali , in the Bible, son of Jacob and Bilhah and eponymous ancestor of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. His land allotment lay NW of the Sea of Galilee. The tribe traditionally had a reputation for belligerence, seen in their hero Barak. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Benjamin Benjamin [Heb.,=son of fortune], younger son of Jacob and Rachel, eponymous ancestor of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. His mother, dying, named him Benoni [Heb.,=son of my sorrow]. ..... Click the link for more information. ) and the two sons of Jacob's son Joseph Joseph, one of the heroes of the patriarchal narratives of the Book of Genesis. He is presented as the favored son of Jacob and Rachel, sold as a boy into slavery by


Valentino Rossi, Jorge Lorenzo, Dani Pedrosa & Andrea Dovizioso compete in what sport?

MotoGP: Jorge Lorenzo wins in France ahead of Valentino Rossi - BBC Sport BBC Sport MotoGP: Jorge Lorenzo wins in France ahead of Valentino Rossi By Arindam Rej Media playback is not supported on this device Dominant Lorenzo wins French MotoGP Jorge Lorenzo surged to a comfortable win at the French MotoGP in wet conditions and leapfrogged Casey Stoner at the top of the standings. Nine-times world champion Valentino Rossi rediscovered his form but had to settle for second spot ahead of Stoner. It was Italian Rossi's second podium finish for Ducati with the other also coming at Le Mans last year. Casey Stoner's decision was a big shock to me and I tend to think he will regret it in three, four or five years' time. Steve Parrish BBC motorcycling commentator Briton Cal Crutchlow had threatened a top-three finish but a crash with 10 laps to go meant that he ended eighth. Lorenzo told BBC Sport: "When it rains, you need to keep concentration. I knew Casey Stoner was close behind but I kept calm and didn't force things." Stoner had been second for most of the race, but was edged out by previously out-of-form Rossi in an engrossing contest between the pair - a reminder of times gone by - in the closing stages. The Italian took advantage of his bike's aptitude in these conditions in front of more than 80,000 spectators. Media playback is not supported on this device Lorenzo savours 'sweet' victory On Thursday afternoon, Stoner had made his shock announcement about finishing his career in MotoGP at the end of this season, stating that he was "not enjoying" the sport. The race itself began with Randy de Puniet - in his home Grand Prix - spinning out at the start line, showing the potential difficulties ahead for riders in the slippery conditions. Despite the testing surface, Yamaha rider Lorenzo surged into an early advantage, building a lead of almost five seconds after five laps over second-placed Stoner. Rossi made a promising start too. Crutchlow edged into the top three with 16 laps to go and an intriguing battle for a place on the podium began to develop midway through the race, with Italians Rossi and Andrea Dovizioso involved. When the Englishman started pushing hard, he suffered a nightmare scenario as he slid out, causing him to drop back to eighth. There has not been a Brit on the podium since 2000 and the wait has been prolonged because of his first crash this year. MotoGP standings Nicky Hayden: 33 points Hector Barbera: 26 points Crutchlow told BBC Sport: "It was my own fault. I'm not blaming anything apart from myself but I was pleased to get up and finish. Hopefully it'll be dry in Barcelona." Dovizioso went down in the final four laps, paving the way for Rossi to finish on the podium and he began pushing Stoner hard before eventually moving ahead. Rossi admitted: "I am so happy. It was a great battle with Casey at the end and great fun." Meanwhile, Briton Scott Redding finished third in the Moto2 GP, which contained a series of crashes in the poor conditions. Swiss Thomas Luthi was the victor with Italian Claudio Corti in second. French MotoGP results: 1 Jorge Lorenzo (Spa) Yamaha 49mins 39.743secs 2 Valentino Rossi (Ita) Yamaha 49:49.648 3 Casey Stoner (Aus) Honda 49:51.041 4 Dani Pedrosa (Spa) Honda 50:09.104 5 Stefan Bradl (Ger) Honda 50:12.220 6 Nicky Hayden (USA) Ducati 50:12.585 7 Andrea Dovizioso (Ita) Ducati 50:39.502 8 Cal Crutchlow (Gbr) Yamaha 50:44.895 9 Hector Barbera (Spa) Ducati 50:47.589 10 Alvaro Bautista (Spa) Honda 50:52.936 Share this page


"How many proper nouns are there in the sentence ""On Saturday Ruth is going to fly in an Airbus 380 with her son Christopher and her daughter Naomi to Phoenix, Arizona to attend a family reunion.""?"

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"What 1967 film had the tagline ""This is Benjamin. He's a little worried about his future.""?"

The Graduate - Wikiquote The Graduate Jump to: navigation , search The Graduate is a 1967 film about Ben, a recent college graduate who is talented but aimless, who is seduced by Mrs. Robinson, the wife of his father's business partner. As he embarks on a tawdry affair with her, he becomes increasingly disillusioned with the the world his parents live in and their expectations for him, and he finds himself falling for Mrs. Robinson's daughter Elaine. This is Benjamin. He's a little worried about his future. Contents Benjamin Braddock[ edit ] I've had this feeling ever since I graduated. This kind of compulsion that I have to be rude all the time...It's like I was playing some kind of game, but the rules don't make any sense to me. They're being made up by all the wrong people. I mean no one makes them up. They seem to make themselves up. Mr. Robinson[ edit ] I wish I was that age again because Ben...you'll never be young again...Ben, can I say something to you?...uh, how long have we known each other now? How long have you and I known each other? How long have your dad and I been partners?...I watched you grow up, Ben...In many ways, I feel as though you were my own son...So I hope you won't mind my giving you a friendly piece of advice...I think you ought to be taking it a little easier right now than you seem to be...Sow a few wild oats, take things as they come, have a good time with the girls and so forth...You have yourself a few flings this summer. I'll bet you're, you're quite a ladies man...You look to me like the kind of guy who has to fight 'em off. [To Mrs. Robinson, who enters] Now doesn't he look to you like the kind of guy who has to fight 'em off? Benjamin: I guess about my future. Mr. Braddock: What about it? Benjamin: I don't know. I want it to be... Mr. Braddock: ...to be what? Benjamin: ...Different. Mr. McGuire: I want to say one word to you. Just one word. Benjamin: Yes, sir. Mr. McGuire: Are you listening? Benjamin: Yes, I am. Mr. McGuire: Plastics. Benjamin: Exactly how do you mean? Mr. McGuire: There's a great future in plastics. Think about it. Will you think about it? Note: the bolded line is ranked #42 in the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 movie quotations in American cinema. Benjamin: Mrs. Robinson, if you don't mind my saying so, this conversation is getting a little strange. Now, I'm sure that Mr. Robinson will be here any minute now and - Mrs. Robinson: No. Benjamin: What? Mrs. Robinson: My husband will be back quite late. He should be gone for several hours. Benjamin: Oh my God. Benjamin: For God's sake, Mrs. Robinson, here we are, you've got me into your house. You give me a drink. You put on music, now you start opening up your personal life to me and tell me your husband won't be home for hours. Mrs. Robinson: So? Benjamin: Mrs. Robinson - you are trying to seduce me .... Aren't you? Mrs. Robinson: Well, no. I hadn't thought of it. I feel very flattered. Benjamin: Mrs. Robinson. Will you forgive me for what I just said? Note: the bolded line is ranked #63 in the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 movie quotations in American cinema. Mrs. Robinson: What are you so scared of? Benjamin: I'm not scared, Mrs. Robinson. Mrs. Robinson: Then why do you keep running away? Benjamin: Because you're going to bed. I don't think I should be up here. Mrs. Robinson: Haven't you ever seen anybody in a slip before? Benjamin: Yes, I have, but I just...Look, what if Mr. Robinson walked in right now? Mrs. Robinson: What if he did? Benjamin: Well, it would look pretty funny, wouldn't it? Mrs. Robinson: Don't you think he trusts us together? Benjamin: Of course he does, but he might get the wrong idea. Anyone might. Mrs. Robinson: I don't see why? I'm twice as old as you are. How could anyone think that... Benjamin: But they would! Don't you see? Mrs. Robinson: Benjamin. I am not trying to seduce you! Benjamin: I know that, but please, Mrs. Robinson. This is difficult.. Mrs. Robinson: Would you like me to seduce you? Benjamin: What? Mrs. Robinson: Is that what you're trying to tell m


The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbour was a gift in 1886 to the USA by whom?

Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) Contact Us Liberty Enlightening the World "The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World" was a gift of friendship from the people of France to the United States and is recognized as a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886.  It was designated as a National Monument in 1924.  Employees of the National Park Service have been caring for the colossal copper statue since 1933.


"Who plays Gail Platt in the British TV soap opera ""Coronation Street""?"

Gallery: Coronation Street star Helen Worth marries Trevor Dawson | Metro UK Coronation Street actress Sue Nicholls, arrives (PA) Coronation Street actress Sue Nicholls, arrives (PA) Helen Worth marriage – London Lynda Bellingham, arrives for the wedding (PA) Lynda Bellingham, arrives for the wedding (PA) Helen Worth marriage – London Elaine Page, arrives for the wedding of Coronation Street actress Helen Worth (PA) Elaine Page, arrives for the wedding of Coronation Street actress Helen Worth (PA) Helen Worth marriage – London Actress Shobna Gulati arrives for the wedding of Coronation Street actress Helen Worth (PA) Actress Shobna Gulati arrives for the wedding of Coronation Street actress Helen Worth (PA) Helen Worth marriage – London Coronation Street actress Alison King, arrives for the wedding of fellow Coronation Street actress Helen Worth (PA) Coronation Street actress Alison King, arrives for the wedding of fellow Coronation Street actress Helen Worth (PA) Helen Worth marriage – London Michelle Collins, arrives for the wedding of Coronation Street actress Helen Worth (PA) Michelle Collins, arrives for the wedding of Coronation Street actress Helen Worth (PA) Helen Worth marriage – London Actress Paula Wilcox, arrives for the wedding of Coronation Street actress Helen Worth, who plays Gail Platt in the popular television soap opera (PA) Actress Paula Wilcox, arrives for the wedding of Coronation Street actress Helen Worth, who plays Gail Platt in the popular television soap opera (PA) Helen Worth marriage – London


At which event, in 2010, was Francesca Schiavone the first Italian woman to win a tennis Grand Slam event in singles?

Francesca Schiavone (Tennis Player) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Francesca Schiavone Female Born Jun 23, 1980 Francesca Schiavone is an Italian tennis player who turned professional in 1998. She won the 2010 French Open singles title, becoming the first Italian woman to win a Grand Slam event in singles. She was also runner-up at the 2011 French Open. As of 27 February 2012, Schiavone's ranking is World No. 12; her career high ranking is World No. 4, achieved on 31 January 2011.…  Read More related links Schiavone Drops A Set On Way To Jiangxi Open Quarterfinals NYTimes - Aug 03, 2016 'Former French Open champion Francesca Schiavone dropped the first set on her way to beating Lu Jiajing of China 4-6, 6-1, 6-2 Wednesday in the Jiangxi Open second round.' Schiavone Eliminates 2014 Champ Cornet At Katowice Open NYTimes - Apr 07, 2016 'Unseeded Francesca Schiavone of Italy eliminated the 2014 champion, fourth-seeded Alize Cornet of France 7-6 (5), 6-1 to make the Katowice Open quarterfinals on Thursday.     ' Schiavone Ousts Kerber In Antwerp Fox News - Feb 12, 2015 'Antwerp, Belgium (SportsNetwork.com) - Former French Open champion Francesca  Schiavone upset second seed Angelique Kerber in Thursday\'s second-round action  at the Diamond Games tennis event.The 34-year-old Italian Schiavone drilled the left-handed German Kerber 6-1,  6-1 on the indoor hardcourts at Sportpaleis Merksem' Radwanska, Wozniacki Bundled Out Early In Sydney Yahoo News - Jan 07, 2014 'The Sydney International continued to be a graveyard for some of the top names in women\'s tennis with champion and top seed Agnieszka Radwanska and former world number one Caroline Wozniacki both losing in the second round on Tuesday. Men\'s champion Bernard Tomic, however, followed up the exploits of fellow Australian Marko Matosevic, who earlier beat Florian Mayer 6-2 4-6 6-3, to demolish eighth seed Marcel Granollers 6-3 6-0 in just under an hour. Radwanska and Wozniacki followed grand s... Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Francesca Schiavone. CHILDHOOD 1980 Birth Born on June 23, 1980. TWENTIES Show Less She and her Italian teammates Mara Santangelo, Flavia Pennetta and Roberta Vinci beat the Belgium team 3â2 in the 2006 Fed Cup final. … Read More Justine Henin had to retire in the fifth and final match due to an injury in her right knee, which let Italy win their first Fed Cup trophy. This match was a doubles match and Kirsten Flipkens partnered Henin and Roberta Vinci partnered Schiavone. In 2009 she won the Fed Cup with Italy for the second time against the USA, and also made the quarter-finals of Wimbledon for the first time. In 2010 Italy with Schiavone won the Fed Cup for the third time. Read Less She also beat AmÃ©lie Mauresmo in a Fed Cup tie in 2006 when Mauresmo was ranked No. 1. Show Less In addition she realized a notable victory during the quarterfinals of the 2008 Dubai Duty Free Women's Open, when she upset world No. 1 and four-time champion Henin 7â6, 7â6. Partnering with Australian Casey Dellacqua, Schiavone was the runner-up in the women's doubles competition at the 2008 French Open where they lost to Anabel Medina Garrigues and Virginia Ruano Pascual. … Read More Schiavone also reached the semifinals of the doubles event at the other three grand slams.

 At the Australian Open Francesca defeated Frenchwomen AlizÃ© Cornet 0â6, 7â5, 6â0. and Julie Coin 6â3, 6â4 first before upsetting No. 10 seed Agnieszka RadwaÅska 6â2, 6â2. Though she matched her best results there (4R), she went on to lose to No. 6 seed Venus Williams after winning the first set 3â6, 6â2, 6â1.

 She beat Alberta Brianti, Tathiana Garbin, Carla SuÃ¡rez Navarro, Yaroslava Shvedova, and Roberta Vinci all in straight sets to win her 3rd WTA title at the Barcelona Ladies Open. Read Less 2009 29 Years Old In the final, Schiavone faced Stosur in a rematch of their first-round meeting at the 2009 French Open which Stosur had won easily (6â4, 6â2). … Read More Because of t


Who developed the live attenuated polio vaccine which has led to hopes of global eradication of the virus?

Penn-led Team Develops Plant-based Polio Booster Vaccine | Penn News Penn-led Team Develops Plant-based Polio Booster Vaccine Katherine Unger Baillie | kbaillie@upenn.edu |  215-898-9194 Wednesday, July 20, 2016 Jonas Salk created a vaccine against polio that has been used since 1955; Albert Sabin created another version that has been on the market since 1961. Together, these two vaccines have nearly eliminated polio from the face of the earth. Emphasis on nearly. Outbreaks have persisted in developing nations in Asia, Africa and the Americas, in part due to limitations of these vaccines. Most recently, in 2013, Israel reported a “silent” outbreak of polio, in which no one got sick but the virus was found in the environment and in vaccinated individuals. New research led by University of Pennsylvania  scientists offers hope for an alternative. Collaborating with researchers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration , the Penn team developed an oral vaccine booster by manipulating plants to express a protein found in the polio virus. Tests with sera from immunized mice show that the booster confers immunity against all three serotypes of polio. “Our vaccine research has the potential to provide a timely solution to deal with polio outbreaks around the globe,” said Henry Daniell , professor in the Department of Biochemistry in Penn’s School of Dental Medicine and senior author on the work. Daniell, whose plant-based system was used to create the vaccine, worked with lab members Hui-Ting Chan and Yuhong Xiao on the paper, as well as with William C. Weldon and Steven M. Obserste from the CDC and Konstantin Chumakov from the FDA. The paper appeared in Plant Biotechnology Journal . Since the 1988 launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative , a collaboration spearheaded by the World Health Organization , Rotary International , the CDC and UNICEF that made polio vaccines widely available, the incidence of disease has been reduced by more than 99 percent, from 350,000 cases in 1988 to 74 in 2015. Yet challenges remain to ensure that the world is polio free. Two vaccines, bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine, or bOPV, and the inactivated poliovirus vaccine, IPV, are currently used throughout the world to protect against polio. Each has distinct advantages; while IPV protects the individual, oral vaccines can help protect a community. Both have been critical in bringing the world closer than ever to eradication. IPV is extremely safe but is substantially more expensive than bOPV, and, because it is given as a shot, it is not as easy to administer as bOPV, which is administered in oral drops. Also, it does not induce intestinal immunity, which means that vaccinated individuals can still shed the virus. This is what occurred in 2013 in Israel when poliovirus was found in sewage, and a rapid vaccination campaign with oral polio vaccine was instituted to prevent transmission to unvaccinated people. bOPV induces superior intestinal immunity compared with IPV and, thus, has the potential to better prevent transmission of polioviruses. However, due to the live attenuated virus found in the oral polio vaccine, in rare instances in under-immunized communities the virus can mutate over time and revert into a form of the virus that can cause paralysis. This risk is what led to the global withdrawal of tOPV, the trivalent OPV that targets all three serotypes of the virus, in April. Eventually all forms of the oral polio vaccine will be withdrawn globally.  However, the importance of maintaining intestinal immunity against poliovirus remains a concern. In an effort to address the current vaccines’ shortcomings, Daniell and colleagues aimed to design a booster vaccine that would not be based on live attenuated poliovirus and would induce mucosal immunity to all three serotypes of polio. In addition, whereas IPV and bOPV require refrigeration, the researchers wanted to design a vaccine that would be stable without refrigeration for very long periods, making storage, transport and admini


How did Japan annex Korea in 1910? No battles seem to have been fought. Did Korea have an army to defend it? : AskHistorians When I read about the annexation of Korea, I found only 2 events: In 1876, a single Japanese boat bombards 2 places in Korea, and leaves. In 1910, Korea surrenders to Japan. There was no mention of any battles of any significance (that my cursory search could find). I am from Bulgaria, and my country has actually been occupied without us putting up a fight twice, during WW2 - first by Germany, then by the USSR. But in both cases, the disparity in the military strength was such that there was no point in resisting, and there were armies right outside our borders ready to invade. But there was no mention of Japan landing an army in Korea, and I assume that they would have at least waited for it to land before surrendering. So what happened?


The White Witch, Madagascan Sunset, Luna and Gypsy are varieties of what?

World's Weirdest Moths - Neatorama Neatorama Image: t_buchtele Butterflies and moths belong to the order Lepidoptera, which is derived from the Greek words for "scaled wing." There are over 180,000 species in this order, only about 10 percent, however, are butterflies - the rest are moths. The first primitive moths evolved over 140 million years ago (butterflies, the belles of the ball, came fashionably late about 40 million years ago). Moths are usually glossed over for butterflies, their "prettier, more attractive" cousins. But no more! Neatorama is setting the record straight: moths are truly awesome bugs! Here are some of the strangest and most beautiful moths of the world: Brahmin Moth Indonesian owl moth (Brahmaea hearsyi). Photo: Rittner Oz Those who say moths aren't as beautiful obviously haven't seen the Owl or Brahmin moth family with lots of large, brown moths with intricately patterned wings. Luna Moth Luna Moth. Image: Paphio [Flickr] True, most moths have drab colors, but this isn't the case with the gorgeous Luna Moth (Actias luna), which has large, shimmery lime-green wings with undulating "tails." Like some other moths (see below), the adult Luna moth does not have mouth and does not eat - it lives for only about one week, with the singular purpose of mating! Hummingbird Hawkmoth Hummingbird Hawkmoth. Image: janerc [Flickr] The Hummingbird Hawkmoth (Macroglossum stellatarum) looks like a hummingbird. It hums when it flies, hovers and feeds on flowers just like one, too - so it's easy to mistake one for a tiny bird! Vampire Moth Calyptra thalictri or vampire moth sucking blood. Image: Helsingin Sanomat - via Treehugger The Calyptra thalictri moth isn't all that peculiar looking - but its look is not why it's in this list: this "vampire moth" can pierce the skin and suck blood! If that's not strange enough, other species of Calyptra are known to suck tears from the eyelids of cattles. Atlas Moth and White Witch Atlas moth (Attacus atlas). Image: Gregory Phillips [ wikipedia ] The Atlas moth (Attacus atlas) is considered the world's largest moth by total wing surface area. The moth's cocoon is so large that it's used as a lucky charm in in Africa, pocket purses in Taiwan and ankle rattles in Mexico. Large as it is, like the Luna moth, the adult Atlas moth has no mouth and cannot eat throughout its one to two weeks life (it does all its eating in the larva stage). White witch moth (Thysania agrippina). Image: Stephane Larroque In terms of wingspan, however, the white witch moth (Thysania agrippina or Giant aggrippina) is larger: fully stretched, its wingspan can be as wide as 12 inches (30.5 cm). When flying, this moth is usually mistaken as a bat! Hornet Moth Hornet moth (Sesia apiformis). Image: gorpie [Flickr] Like its name implies, the Hornet Moth or Hornet Clearwing (Sesia apiformis) looks just like a hornet, but is completely harmless. It is as large as a real hornet and even has the same jerky flight-pattern when disturbed - a great example of mimicry! Io Moth Io moth. Image: Aliaaaaa [Flickr] When threatened, the Io moths (Automeris io) will spread their wings to reveal a startling eyespot pattern, used to deter predators! Io moth larva. Image: sarowen [Flickr] The beautiful io moth larva is actually considered a pest - it eats the leaves of hundreds of plant species, and has venomous spikes that can be quite painful when handled. In a twist of fate, the ravenous larva grows up to be a beautiful adult moth that, like the Atlas moth, has no mouth so it cannot eat! Leopard Moth Giant Leopard moth. Image: normanack [Flickr] The Giant Leopard Moth or Eyed Tiger Moth (Hypercompe scribonia) has a distinct pattern of black rings, reminiscent to those found in its namesake the leopard. The moth's unmistakeable colorings is aposematic, meaning that they are actually "advertising" the bug's unpalatability to potential predators. White Plume Moth White Plume Moth. Image: n_ila [Flickr] Is that a large white mosquito? No, that's Pterophorus pentadactyla or the White Plume Moth. This moth is completely white and


Two wars fought in 1880-1881 and then in 1899-1902 in South Africa are known as what?

The Boer War Casualty Roll 1899-1902 Search this collection The Boer War Casualty Roll 1899-1902 The Boer Wars were two wars fought during 1880–1881 and 1899–1902 by the British Empire against the Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the Orange Free State and the Transvaal Republic. By contrast to the 1st Boer war was a lengthy war—involving large numbers of troops from many British possessions, which ended with the conversion of the Boer republics into British colonies (with a promise of limited self-governance). These colonies later formed part of the Union of South Africa. The British fought directly against the Transvaal and the Orange Free State, defeating their forces first in open warfare and then in a long and bitter guerrilla campaign. British losses were high due to both disease and combat. The policies of "scorched earth" and civilian internment in concentration camps (adopted by the British to prevent support for the farmers/Boer commando campaign) ravaged the civilian populations in the Transvaal and the Orange Free State and news of which led to a significant erosion of support for the war in Britain. The Boer War also had other significance. The Army Medical Corps discovered that 40–60% of men presenting for service were physically unfit to fight. This was the first time in which the government was forced to take notice of how unhealthy the British population was. This strengthened the call for the liberal reforms of the first decade of the twentieth century. Wikipedia report the numbers as: 7,894 killed 934 missing 22,828 wounded However there are differing reports of the exact split of casualties, with up to 42,000 being mooted from some sources, all agree however that disease was the main cause of death. 300,000 Horses also died in this conflict: these are not, however, recorded in this data set! Records in this collection are likely to include the following: Name type of casualty (Killed/wounded) location and date Please be aware that due to the way we collate, and cross reference our databases,  some records will contain more information than that listed above. Original Source: The Boer War Casualty roll 1899-1902 by Alexander M Palmer ISBN 0-9577097-0-6 Oaklands South Africa Field Force Casualty List 1899-1902 by Fsan MG Hibbard 1972 (Originally published by the War Office in 6 parts), this later publication has a number of significant corrections to the original TNA records. Natal Field Force Casualty List 20 October 1899 to 26 October 1900 Original source: WO 108/360 –this is the most complete listings of casualties for the SAFF. Similar lists of casualties are in WO 108/89-91, 338 and WO 25. Naval losses are recorded in ADM 116/529. A list of soldiers buried in colonies in Cape Province is DO 119/1479. Page sources: Some of the material on this page was also partially derived from : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boer_Wars Which are released under the terms of Creativecommons.org/licenses/by-s/3.0/.


China is the world's biggest tea producer. Which is the second biggest?

The Worlds Top 10 Tea Producing Nations - WorldAtlas.com The Worlds Top 10 Tea Producing Nations These countries lead the world production of tea, the 2nd most popular beverage in the world. Multiple varieties of loose leaf tea next to a cup of brewed tea. While coffee might seem to be the “go-to” drink for those seeking a hot beverage, the world actually runs on tea. Aside from water, tea is the most popular beverage in the world , and in the United States alone; tea imports have risen over 400% since 1990. Popular for thousands of years, tea is believed to have originated in China as a medicinal drink. In the 17th century, it spread to the UK, establishing its hold there – and, judging by the British cultural institution that is the ‘cuppa,’ it has obviously maintained its popularity. If you need a bit of a pick me up, you can reach for a black or green caffeinated tea; to wind down after a long day, there are countless varieties of decaffeinated herbal teas. With such a high demand, it is understandable that tea needs to be produced on a mass scale, and across the world in varied locations in order to cater to growing requirements for the plants required to make different varieties. Based on UN Food And Agriculture Organization statistics for global production from 1993-2013, here are the 10 top tea-producing nations in the world. 10 – Argentina (69,924 tonnes) Mate served in traditional gourd shaped cup with special "Bombilla" straw While tea is currently a significant part of Argentinian culture, seeds for Russian and Chinese varieties only arrived in Argentina in the 1920s. Low tea prices in the 1950s, as well as a government imposed import ban, made tea a slowly growing industry in Argentina, but eventually, due to the large nation's varied climate and geology, it became one of the top producers in the world. Black tea makes up the majority of the tea produced in Argentina with the subtropical climate providing ideal conditions for growing hybrid Indian and Assamica variants. Mate, a traditional herbal brew, made from the leaves of yerba mate plant, is very popular in Argentina – and is, in fact, their national drink. 9 – Islamic Republic of Iran (83,990 tonnes) Black Tea is the most common variety of produced in Iran. Until the end of the 15th century, Iran’s hot beverage of choice was coffee – however, its distant location from the main coffee producing countries meant that beans were hard to obtain. Tea was much easier to get in Iran, thanks to the overland trade link with China dubbed the “silk road.” Tea became increasingly popular, and in 1882 with seeds obtained from India, Iranians began to cultivate tea in their own nation, spearheaded by Prince Mohammad Mirza, the first mayor of Tehran, also known as “Kashef al Saltaneh.” Saltaneh, who was Iranian ambassador to India under British rule, knew that the Brits would keep their tea production secrets under lock and key, because it was one of their main businesses in India. Saltaneh went undercover as a French laborer in India, working on plantations to learn all the trade secrets, and then bringing some samples back to Iran. He planted them in the Iranian region of Gilan, and the tea industry was begun. Today, there are 32,000 hectares of tea farms, most being located on the hillsides. 8 – Japan (88,900 tonnes) Tea Plantation in Makinohara city, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan Out of Japan’s four major islands, the climate and conditions on three are favorable to produce tea. Japan produces 85,900 tonnes of the stuff annually, and with many tea drinkers, despite their large production numbers, the Japanese export less than 2% of the thousands of tonnes they produce. Of the varieties they produce, about 99.9% is green tea, which is so common that it is the default option in the country. Japanese green teas are predominantly steamed, with bancha being the most basic version. However, Japan’s green tea offerings are diverse, including sencha, genmaicha, and hojicha. 7 – Vietnam (116,780 tonnes) Workers pick tea leaves on agricultural plantation, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam


The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , Al Gore Share this: The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Prize share: 1/2 Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. Prize share: 1/2 The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change" Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation Share this: To cite this page MLA style: "The Nobel Peace Prize 2007". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 15 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/>


Martini & Rossi is a brand of what drink?

Vermouth by Brand Mixed Drinks Vermouth by Brand Unavoidably, this guide is not exhaustive. Many vermouths are regional products that don’t get exported to the U.S., and admittedly, the listings here are biased toward the U.S. marketplace. However, the marketplace is fluid, and we will add more listings as adequate information becomes available. Atsby New World vermouth producer based in New York City. Products utilize wines from the North Fork of Long Island (Chardonnay) and fortification with apple brandy from upstate New York. The Amberthorn product is drier, has 21 botanicals, and is sweetened with honey. The Armadillo Cake is sweeter, has 32 botanicals, and is sweetened with caramel. Neither wine contains wormwood, and neither is immitative of any traditional style of vermouth. Introduced in September 2012. Amberthorn NON-TRADITIONAL: WESTERN DRY Web site: http://atsbyvermouth.com/ Alessio Vermouths introduced in 2014 at the behest of Tempus Fugit Spirits, and employing late-19th Century recipes. Rosso Boissiere (bwah-zee-AIR) Originally, Boissiere was a major Chambéry brand. In 1971, production in Chambéry ended and the brand was re-applied to a Torino vermouth, Bosca Cora (see Cora , below), for certain export markets. “Bone White” Dry Carpano (car-PAH-no) In Torino, 1786, Antonio Benedetto Carpano invented the commercial model for what we know today as red vermouth, possibly even coining the term “vermuth.” The Carpano brand was formalized some years later by Carpano's nephew. The red vermouths of subsequent producers, such as Cinzano and Gancia, were their own riffs on what Carpano first successfully marketed. Today, production is in Milano, Italy. Punt e Mes (“Point-and-a-half”) Carpano Dry *not imported to the USA Punt e Mes dates to around 1867 and is simultaneously amongst the bitterest and sweetest of vermouths. Punt e Mes is a common example of a “ vermouth con bitter ,” a style of vermouth with extra bitters added. Adulterating Vermouth di Torino with bitters or vanilla flavoring—almost like a cockail—when drinking it is an Turinese custom dating back at least to the mid-1800s; this style has bitters built-in. Although it is not typically described or marketed as such, Punt e Mes can be thought of as a bottled vermouth cocktail . Punt e Mes is Carpano's top-selling vermouth. Antica Formula is a highly-regarded product first introduced in the 1990s. Antica Formula is an example of the vermouth alla vaniglia style: a red vermouth with added vanilla flavoring and sugar to balance. Note: Antica Formula is based on an old recipe, but it is not Carpano's original vermouth recipe. Carpano Classico is the contemporary expression of the product that was Carpano’s original commercial vermouth. Its similarity to that original product remains an open question. Availability is limited. Anecdotal reports are that it is, at the least, a good red vermouth. Carpano Dry was introduced in 2014. Web site: http://www.carpano.com (The Carpano brand is currently owned by the Milanese firm Branca.) Also, see this vintage promotional booklet (PDF-12MB) containing an official history as well as interesting visual materials. The date of this booklet is unknown (1970s?), but it predates the brand’s acquisition by Branca and the relocation of production to Milan. Cinzano (chin-ZAH-no) Originally the brand of successful liqueur manufacturer from Pecetto that can trace its history to 1757. In 1815, Cinzano relocated to Torino and essentially took over from Carpano (for a while) as the officially sanctioned producer of Vermouth di Torino, based on Carpano's model. The brand lives on and is one of the world's most recognizable spirits brands to this day. Check the label for current production. Like Martini, Cinzano is one of the longstanding, mass market leaders. Rosso *not imported to the USA Cinzano recently introduced fruit-flavored vermouth products in select European markets. Web site: http://www.cinzano.com (The Cinzano brand is currently owned by Davide Campari-Milano S.p.A.) Cocchi (KOE-kee) The house of Cocchi is a Torino winer


Who was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

The Leaders | Cuban Missile Crisis U.S. President John F. Kennedy Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev Prime Minister of Cuba Fidel Castro White House Photographs. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston Digital Identifier: JFKWHP-AR6283-A. In 1960, at the age of 43, John F. Kennedy became the youngest elected President in U.S. history, during a period of growing tensions in the U.S.-Soviet Cold War rivalry. Soon after taking office in 1961, he authorized the “Bay of Pigs” invasion led by the CIA and exiles from Cuba, whose government had been overthrown by communist rebels in 1959. This failed to overthrow leader Fidel Castro, and was a major embarrassment to Kennedy. Tensions with the Soviet Union further escalated during the 1961 Berlin Crisis. These events set the stage for the Cuban Missile Crisis. On October 15, 1962 Kennedy was informed of the discovery of Soviet missiles in Cuba and called a meeting of a small circle of trusted advisors (known as the Executive Committee of the National Security Council, or ExComm). He resisted pressure to react quickly with a surprise air strike, and took time to deliberate in secret on the possible courses of action. On October 22 the President announced a naval blockade on further arms shipments to Cuba. He then worked out an agreement with the Soviets, which involved a U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba if the Soviet Union withdrew its missiles, a threat to attack within 24 hours if the offer wasn’t accepted, and a secret promise to withdraw U.S. missiles from Turkey in four-five months. Credit: Heinz Junge, Bundesarchiv. German Federal Archive. Accession number Bild 183-B0628-0015-035. Khrushchev became First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1953 after a power struggle following Stalin’s death, and served as Premier from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev began efforts to “de-Stalinize” Soviet society. However, in 1961 tensions between the superpowers escalated over the Berlin Crisis. In the spring of 1962 Khrushchev made the decision to place Soviet missiles in Cuba secretly in order to give a quick boost to Soviet missile power, and to strengthen the USSR’s bargaining position regarding the Berlin question. After the missiles were discovered, Khrushchev initially maintained a hard line, expecting Kennedy to back down. However, as the President stood firm, Khrushchev reassessed the situation. Faced with the very real possibility of nuclear war, Khrushchev decided that “to save the world, we must retreat”. He agreed to withdraw the Soviet missiles, in exchange for a U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba and the President’s secret assurance that the U.S. would withdraw its Jupiter missiles from Turkey. As this American concession was not revealed publicly, the settlement was viewed by many as unfavorable to the USSR and hurt Khrushchev politically, contributing to his ouster from power in 1964. Credit: Warren K. Leffler. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. In January 1959 Fidel Castro’s revolutionary forces seized power. While the Cuban leader initially claimed this was not a communist revolution, a year later Cuba formally aligned itself with the Soviet Union. Relations with the United States deteriorated further in 1961when the U.S. supported CIA-trained anti-Castro exiles in the Bay of Pigs invasion – a failed attempt to overthrow Castro and a major blow for President Kennedy. In this context, in the summer of 1962 Castro accepted the Soviet offer to install missiles in Cuba as a deterrent to a U.S. invasion. During the crisis Castro urged Khrushchev to defend Cuba and reject American demands to withdraw the missiles. On October 27, believing a U.S. attack was imminent, Castro urged Khrushchev to initiate a nuclear first strike. Castro was excluded from the negotiations and felt that, by agreeing to withdraw the missiles, the Soviets had betrayed Cuba. Search for:


"What does the Latin phrase ""ad infinitum"" mean?"

What does ad infinitum mean? Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Ad infinitum Ad infinitum is a Latin phrase meaning "to infinity" or "forevermore". In context, it usually means "continue forever, without limit" and thus can be used to describe a non-terminating process, a non-terminating repeating process, or a set of instructions to be repeated "forever," among other uses. It may also be used in a manner similar to the Latin phrase "et cetera" to denote written words or a concept that continues for a lengthy period beyond what is shown. Examples include: ⁕"The sequence 1, 2, 3, ... continues ad infinitum." ⁕"The perimeter of a fractal may be iteratively drawn ad infinitum." ⁕The 17th century writer Jonathan Swift wrote lightheartedly the idea of self-similarity in natural philosophy with the following lines in his poem "On Poetry: A Rhapsody": ⁕The Victorian era mathematician Augustus De Morgan expanded on this with a similar verse: This text is part of the nursery rhyme The Siphonaptera. Numerology EMEASOBA GEORGE : Do nothing for prosperity's sake. Rather, do everything you have to do for the sake of the posterity (all future generations ahead). Because, anything done for prosperity's sake don't last perpetually most times or rather it is not often impactful. But interestingly, whatever that is done for posterity's sake is ever impactful and will surely last perpetually. I mean, anything done for the sake of the posterity will surely be remembered and celebrated globally throughout the future generations ahead. Thus, do you have the gift of writing? If yes, then never write and publish for prosperity's sake. Instead, endeavour to write and publish for posterity. Note: anything written and published for posterity's sake will surely be read throughout the future generations ahead. In fact, I (personally) have been writing and publishing for posterity, I'm still writing and publishing for posterity and I will for life write and publish for posterity. Now, that's why the posterity in question will surely and eventually remember me and celebrate me too perpetually as a great man, writer, motivator, inspirator and author by virtue of my thought-provoking quotes, insights, motivations, inspirations and my upcoming books. Oh! yes, my thought-provoking quotes, insights, motivations, inspirations and my upcoming books will surely be read, assimilated, shared, celebrated or criticized throughout the posterity ahead (all future generations) i.e. ad infinitum (endlessly, forever, never endingly). You can bet your bottom dollar. ~Emeasoba George Images & Illustrations of ad infinitum Translations for ad infinitum


How many tusks does a typical adult male walrus have?

Walruses, Walrus Pictures, Walrus Facts - National Geographic Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man Please add a "relative" entry to your dictionary. The mustached and long-tusked walrus is most often found near the Arctic Circle, lying on the ice with hundreds of companions. These marine mammals are extremely sociable, prone to loudly bellowing and snorting at one another, but are aggressive during mating season. With wrinkled brown and pink hides, walruses are distinguished by their long white tusks, grizzly whiskers, flat flipper, and bodies full of blubber. Walruses use their iconic long tusks for a variety of reasons, each of which makes their lives in the Arctic a bit easier. They use them to haul their enormous bodies out of frigid waters, thus their "tooth-walking" label, and to break breathing holes into ice from below. Their tusks, which are found on both males and females, can extend to about three feet (one meter), and are, in fact, large canine teeth, which grow throughout their lives. Male walruses, or bulls, also employ their tusks aggressively to maintain territory and, during mating season, to protect their harems of females, or cows. The walrus' other characteristic features are equally useful. As their favorite meals, particularly shellfish, are found near the dark ocean floor, walruses use their extremely sensitive whiskers, called mustacial vibrissae, as detection devices. Their blubbery bodies allow them to live comfortably in the Arctic region—walruses are capable of slowing their heartbeats in order to withstand the polar temperatures of the surrounding waters. The two subspecies of walrus are divided geographically. Atlantic walruses inhabit coastal areas from northeastern Canada to Greenland, while Pacific walruses inhabit the northern seas off Russia and Alaska, migrating seasonally from their southern range in the Bering Sea—where they are found on the pack ice in winter—to the Chukchi Sea. Female Pacific walruses give birth to calves during the spring migration north. Only Native Americans are currently allowed to hunt walruses, as the species' survival was threatened by past overhunting. Their tusks, oil, skin, and meat were so sought after in the 18th and 19th centuries that the walrus was hunted to extinction in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and around Sable Island, off the coast of Nova Scotia.


In architecture, what is the space around the altar at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building?

Learn and talk about Chancel, Church architecture Twitter This article's introduction may be too long for the length of the article. Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. Please read the layout guide and lead section guidelines to ensure the section will still be inclusive of all essential details. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page . (December 2016) Plan of a large Latin cross church, with the chancel (strict definition) highlighted. This chancel terminates in a semicircular sanctuary in the apse , and is separated from the curved eastern walls by an ambulatory . Plan with the broader definition of the chancel highlighted View from the nave of the chancel of Condom Cathedral in France, with ambulatories and two altars, the modern one in the choir A medium-sized English church showing the nave, chancel arch, and a chancel with choir and sanctuary In church architecture , the chancel is the space around the altar , including the choir and the sanctuary (sometimes called the presbytery), at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building. [1] It may terminate in an apse . It is generally the area used by the clergy and choir during worship, while the congregation is in the nave . This is one definition, sometimes called the "strict" one; in practice in churches where the eastern end contains other elements such as an ambulatory and side chapels, these are also often counted as part of the chancel, especially when discussing architecture. [2] In smaller churches, where the altar is backed by the outside east wall, and there is no distinct choir, the chancel and sanctuary may be the same area. In churches with a retroquire area behind the altar, this may only be included in the broader definition of chancel. In a cathedral or other large church there may be a distinct choir area at the start of the chancel (looking from the nave), before reaching the sanctuary, and an ambulatory may run beside and behind it. All these may be included in the chancel, at least in architectural terms (see above). In many churches, the altar has now been moved to the front of the chancel, in what was built as the choir area, or to the centre of the transept, somewhat confusing the distinction between chancel, choir and sanctuary. In churches with less traditional plans the term may not be useful in either architectural or ecclesiastical terms. The chancel may be a step or two higher than the level of the nave, and the sanctuary is often raised still further. The chancel is very often separated from the nave by altar rails , or a rood screen , a sanctuary bar, or an open space, and its width and roof height is often different from that of the nave; usually the chancel will be narrower and lower. In churches with a traditional Latin cross plan, and a transept and central crossing , the chancel usually begins at the eastern side of the central crossing, often under an extra-large chancel arch supporting the crossing and the roof. This is an arch which separates the chancel from the nave and transept of a church. [3] If the chancel, strictly defined as choir and sanctuary, does not fill the full width of a medieval church, there will usually be some form of low wall or screen at its sides, demarcating it from the ambulatory or parallel side chapels. As well as the altar, the sanctuary may house a credence table and seats for officiating and assisting ministers . In some churches, the congregation may gather on three sides or in a semicircle around the chancel. In some churches, the pulpit and lectern may be in the chancel, but in others these, especially the pulpit, are in the nave . Contents History[ edit ] In Early Christian architecture the templon was a barrier dividing off the sanctuary from the rest of the church; in Eastern Christianity this developed into different arrangements from those of the Western church, with the sanctuary often not visible by the congregation. In the West the ciborium , an open-walled but usually roofed structure sheltering the altar, became com


The partition of India, formalised in 1947, was characterised by religious tension and violence between Hindus and people of which other major religious group?

Sikh | Wiki | Everipedia EN Wikipedia URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh A Sikh ( /siːk, sɪk/ ; Punjabi : ਸਿੱਖ sikkh [sɪkkʰ] ) is a follower of Sikhism , a monotheistic religion which originated during the 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent . [2] The term "Sikh" has its origin in the Sanskrit words शिष्य ( śiṣya ; disciple, student) or शिक्ष (śikṣa; instruction). [2] [2] A Sikh, according to Article I of the Sikh Rehat Maryada (the Sikh code of conduct), is "any human being who faithfully believes in One Immortal Being; ten Gurus, from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh ; Guru Granth Sahib ; the teachings of the ten Gurus and the baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru ". [2] "Sikh" properly refers to adherents of Sikhism as a religion, not an ethnic group. However, because Sikhism has seldom sought converts, most Sikhs share strong ethno-religious ties. Many countries, such as the United Kingdom , therefore recognize Sikh as a designated ethnicity on their censuses. [3] The American non-profit organization United Sikhs has fought to have Sikh included on the U.S. census as well, arguing that Sikhs "self-identify as an 'ethnic minority' " and believe "that they are more than just a religion". [3] Male Sikhs have " Singh " (Lion), and female Sikhs have " Kaur " (princess) as their middle or last name. Sikhs who have undergone the khanḍe-kī-pahul (the Sikh initiation ceremony) may also be recognised by the five Ks : Kesh , uncut hair which is kept covered, usually by a turban ; an iron or steel bracelet ( kara ); a kirpan (a sword tucked into a gatra strap or a kamal kasar belt); kachehra, a cotton undergarment, and kanga, a small wooden comb. Initiated male and female Sikhs must cover their hair with a turban. The greater Punjab region is the historic homeland of the Sikhs, although significant communities exist around the world. History Guru Nanak (1469–1539), founder of Sikhism, was born to Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta , in the village of Talwandi , now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore . Guru Nanak was a religious leader and social reformer. However, Sikh political history may be said to begin with the death of the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev , in 1606. [3] Religious practices were formalised by Guru Gobind Singh on 30 March 1699. Gobind Singh initiated five people from a variety of social backgrounds, known as the Panj Piare (the five beloved ones) to form the Khalsa , [3] or collective body of initiated Sikhs. During the period of Mughal rule in India (1556–1707) several Sikh gurus were killed by the Mughals for opposing their persecution of minority religious communities including Sikhs. [3] Sikhs subsequently militarized to oppose Mughal rule. The emergence of the Sikh Confederacy under Ranjit Singh was characterised by religious tolerance and pluralism , with Christians, Muslims and Hindus in positions of power. The confederacy is considered the zenith of political Sikhism, encompassing Kashmir , Ladakh and Peshawar . Hari Singh Nalwa , the commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Army in the North West Frontier, expanded the confederacy to the Khyber Pass . Its secular administration implemented military, economic and governmental reforms. After the annexation of the Sikh kingdom by the British, the latter recognized the martial qualities of the Sikhs and Punjabis in general and started recruiting from that area. During the 1857 Indian mutiny , the Sikhs stayed loyal to the British. This resulted in heavy recruiting from Punjab to the colonial army for the next 90 years of the British Raj . [3] The distinct turban that differentiates a Sikh from other turban wearers is a relic of the rules of the British Indian Army. [3] The British colonial rule saw the emergence of many reform movements in India including Punjab. This included formation in 1873 and 1879 of the First and Second Singh Sabha respectively. The Sikh leaders of the Singh Sabha worked to offer a clear definition of Sikh identity and tried to purify Sikh belief and practice. [3] The later part of British colonial rule saw the eme