"What is the name of the butler in ""Upstairs Downstairs""?"

"Upstairs, Downstairs" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb trailers and videos full cast and crew trivia official sites memorable quotes Overview 66 out of 68 people found the following review useful: Goosey goosey gander, wither shall I wander? Upstairs anddownstairs and in my lady's chamber... from London 3 July 2001 It is a widely held belief that Upstairs Downstairs was television at its finest, and the most popular tv drama in the world. But why precisely is so good? It is almost entirely studio bound and looks like it should be just another worthy but squeaky clean period drama. This is why it is very hard to convince anyone unfamiliar with the series of why it is so special. But John Hawkesworth, the producer, believed television was electronic theatre, not second rate film, and this allows the stories to concentrate on words, emotions and intense acting. The grittiness of the series, the performances and its skill at depicting human emotions were its chief assets. Gordon Jackson's magnificent character performance as Hudson is a display of a modest, warm actor who made a character who stood for all he disliked totally loveable. David Langton's charming, liberal Richard Bellamy was a far less snobbish and severe man than his butler, but his first wife, the statuesque Lady Marjorie certainly made up for him. Simon Williams' portrayal of Lord Lucan lookalike James Bellamy showed real development over the years, the haughty, caddish son who is changed forever by the war and plays his final episode "All The King's Horses" nothing short of brilliantly. Lesley Anne-Down and Jacqueline Tong's introduction, the Christmas story "Goodwill To All Men" in many ways sums the series up, combining a devastating look at the London poor with the escapist charm of a traditional Edwardian Christmas, leading to a bittersweet conclusion offering an idyllic scene of Georgina being giving her presents as the snow falls outside, just after her grandmother's wise observation that her outing to help the needy was more out of a need for adventure than real charity. If the first season was the series finding its feet and the second was it settling down to more of the same, the third season is the oddest of them all. It reflects a period of change both in pre-war Britain and behind the scenes, as Elizabeth and Lady Marjorie were both written out at the actors' requests. This leaves the upstairs structure of the house unsettled, and the series is dark and sombre, as James' doomed marriage and Richard's bereavement make the house seem a far cry from the high society gatherings and royal dinners of the early seasons. Although the fourth series, which depicts the war years so powerfully is considered the best, I would personally dispute this. Good as it is, what is most interestiung is the fifth series, as Britain's social structure is collapsing, and the full impact of the war is felt. The roarring twenties try to blot out the horrors of the trenches but leave James and many like him haunted, directionless, forgotten and despairing. The fifth series also introduces a new wife for Richard in the form of the delectable Hannah Gordon. Her interpretation of Virginia is a joy to watch; beautiful, witty and poetic. The daring storylines provide all the characters with moments to shine in, from Lady Marjorie's adultery in the excellent "Magic Casements" which deals unconventionally with an age-old theme, to the heartbreaking "I Dies From Love" which details the suicide of a kitchen maid. The sexual attitudes of the day were explored in "A Suitable Marriage", the bleak "A Cry For Help" and the astonishing "Whom God Hath Joined." Some of the wildest plotlines should not have worked but did, such as Hudson's hopeless affair with a parlour maid in "Disillusion" and Mrs Bridges' breakdown in "Why Is Her Door Locked?" There are really only two unsuccessful episodes of the entire sixty eight, but many masterpieces. "The Glorious Dead" and "Another Year" are devastating essays on the tragedies of the war, and "Distant Thunder" is a superbly claustrophobic episode, a


In fiction, at what address did housekeeper Mrs Hudson live?

Mrs. Hudson | BBC Sherlock | Sherlockology     Just to make things absolutely clear, Mrs. Hudson is in fact the landlady of 221 Baker Street, not the housekeeper! Have you got that? The landlady,NOTthe housekeeper, so don't be expecting her to make a cup of tea for you… although she'll probably be putting the kettle on in a minute anyway… fancy a biscuit too? A widow after her husband got himself sentenced to death in Florida, Mrs. Hudson now rents out the other two flats in her building. Currently 221B is occupied by Sherlock Holmes, who was able to help her out by ensuring her husband got the death penalty, and Dr. John Watson. The flat does have a second bedroom, not that Mrs. Hudson suspects they'll be needing two bedrooms, but they're quite broad-minded in Baker Street, after all Mrs. Turner next door's got married ones. The basement flat 221C is still available should anyone be looking for a nice little place in central London. A prime spot, the location is quiet, calm, peaceful, apart from the occupants in 221B having a little domestic, and the sound of occasional gunfire (again coming from 221B), oh and also that time there was a massive explosion opposite! Oh no, it wasn't a bomb, gas explosion apparently. Anyway, please contact the landlady (not housekeeper) Mrs. Hudson at 221A if you are interested in the possibility of renting this flat, anyone may apply, she's got all sorts around here. Friends


On which Scottish island is the town of Stornoway?

Stornoway, Scotland | By Scotland Channel City finder Stornoway of Lewis Island Located in the Western Isles of Scotland is a fascinating town called Stornoway. With a history dating back many centuries, a beautiful setting and much to please the eye, Stornoway of Lewis is well worth a visit. Stornoway is said to have begun as a Viking settlement that progressively grew in a lovely natural harbor. The town's name is believed to come from the word 'Stjornavgr', which means “Steering Bay” in Norse. Some time in the 1100s a castle was built proudly overlooking the town by the MacNicol family. Stornoway Castle was annexed by Leod, predecessor to the MacLeods of Lewis. The Middle Ages saw much fighting amongst Scottish clans and the MacLeod family was much despised by the government in Edinburgh. King James VI attempted to remove their influence in 1597, but did not succeed. In the 1600s the castle of Stornoway was crushed by forces led by Oliver Cromwell. The town came under control of the MacKenzies. As time progressed, Stornoway town saw the rising of buildings, a port and other developments. In 1844 the area of Lewis, including Stornoway was bought by Sir James Matheson. Matheson was responsible for the construction of Lewis Castle . Then in 1918, Lewis was sold to Lord Leverhume. Today, Stornoway is a popular tourist destination. A busy little town with a bustling harbor, visitors to Stornoway will have a delightful adventure. The town is a doorway to the island of Lewis and its many attractions dating far back in history. Stornoway itself offers sightseers plenty to view including the Stornoway Town Hall, Lewis Castle, the arts center and Lewis Loom Center. Many streets have been made available only for use by pedestrians. Around the town center, visitors will discover pleasant stores including those which sell Harris Tweed. Located on the castle grounds you will find Stornoway Golf Club. Interestingly, this is the only golf course in the Outer Hebrides with 18 holes. The Hebridean Celtic festival is also hosted on the estate every July. You won't want to miss this exciting 3-day event. Those who decide to visit Stornoway should know that the town's inhabitants strongly adhere to the Sabbath. Hence, you may find many of the stores, pubs, petrol stations and attractions are closed throughout Sunday. There are certain exceptions to the rule, however, such business are usually only open for limited hours. Tags:


"Who wrote the operas 'The Queen of Sheba"" and ""Romeo and Juliet""?"

Shakespeare celebrated in Hungarian State Opera’s epic new season | by Bachtrack for classical music, opera, ballet and dance event reviews Shakespeare celebrated in Hungarian State Opera’s epic new season By Bachtrack , 26 August 2015 “If music be the food of love, play on,” declares Duke Orsino at the start of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night. There is no operatic version of Twelfth Night, but plenty of the Bard’s plays have been turned into operas or ballets, many of which feature in Hungarian State Opera ’s new season. The celebrations to mark Shakespeare’s 400th birthday build to an epic climax during May 2016 which sees a festival focusing on music inspired by the English playwright. Hungarian State Opera House © Attila Juhasz https://bachtrack.com/imagecache/scaled/27485-450-hungarian_state_opera_house_foto_juhasz_attila.jpg450299 Of all Shakespeare’s plays, Romeo and Juliet has probably had the greatest number of musical adaptations. Early in the season, there is an opportunity to see Leonard Bernstein’s West Side Story , where the conflict between the Montagues and Capulets in Verona is relocated to the Upper West Side, New York, with two gangs – the Sharks and the Jets – engaged in a bitter, violent feud. Hungarian coloratura Erika Miklósa, known to international audiences for her Queen of the Night for Claudio Abbado, sings the role of Maria in this new production, performed in the Erkel Theatre. During the Shakespeare400 Festival, you can catch concert performances of two other versions of the star-cross’d lovers: Bellini’s I Capuleti e i Montecchi and Gounod’s Roméo et Juliette . Earlier in the season, Prokofiev’s famous ballet also makes an appearance in Seregi László’s choreography. Sir John Falstaff is the larger than life figure who appears in three of Shakespeare’s plays: Henry IV (Parts 1 and 2), where he is the companion to Prince Hal (the future Henry V), and as the lead figure of fun in The Merry Wives of Windsor. Verdi’s opera Falstaff is a far finer work than the play on which it is based, concerning the fat knight’s escapades in wooing the “Merry Wives” Alice Ford and Meg Page. Romanian baritone Alexandru Agache takes on the title role during Shakespeare400, when there’s also the rare opportunity to see Otto Nicolai’s opera based on the same material, Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor ; many people know Nicolai’s rumbustious overture but nothing else from this opera. The Grand Staircase © Attila Juhasz https://bachtrack.com/imagecache/scaled/27487-300-grand_staircase_foto_juhasz_attila.jpg300450 All Verdi’s Shakespearean operas feature during this season. Macbeth , one of his early operas, stars Georgian baritone Lado Ataneli, who made his La Scala debut in the title role. Szilvia Rálik sings the tortuously difficult role of Lady Macbeth. Otello is one of Verdi’s very best works and a huge challenge for any tenor. Pinchas Steinberg conducts Stefano Poda’s new production, which opens in September, then returns in May for the festival. Gabriella Létay Kiss, who impressed in Balázs Kovalik’s thrilling production of Mefistofele last season, sings Desdemona. Verdi had long wanted to write an opera on King Lear. There are even suggestions that he began composing one, but failed to find the singers he wanted. Aribert Reimann’s Lear was composed at the suggestion of famous German baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau and premiered in 1978. Ferenc Anger brings Reimann’s opera to the Hungarian stage in a new production based on the work of the legendary Jean-Pierre Ponnelle. One of the most successful contemporary opera is Thomas Adès’ The Tempest , which received its world première in 2004 in Covent Garden. Since then, it has travelled the globe, including a high profile production at The Metropolitan Opera, and will make its Hungarian debut during the Shakespeare400 Festival, in a brand new production by Ludger Engels. The main roles are for the magician Prospero, sung by Franco Pomponi, and Ariel – a spirit – a part which contains stratospheric coloratura writing which should suit Erika Miklósa perfectly. Erkel Th


Into which body of water does the River Ganges flow?

The Ganges River, Indus River and oceans surrounding India. The Ganges and Indian Bodies of Water The Ganges River is the most famous of India's important river systems and bodies of water. It's the longest river that originates in India and it forms the North Indian River Plain, an area that includes most of Northern and Eastern India, parts of Pakistan, Nepal and all of Bangladesh! It also flows east through the Gangetic region (which is named after the river itself) of the North Indian River Plain. The river rises in the western Himalayan Mountain Range, and drains into the Sunderbans Delta, located in the Bay of Bengal. Its depth averages at about 52 ft, but it's about 100 ft deep in some areas. The Ganges River Basin drains 39,400 square miles and supplies water to one of the world's most densely populated countries. Hindus consider the Ganges to be a holy river and many consider it to be India's National River. It was named after the Hindu Goddess Ganga, due to its life sustaining importance. India is mostly surrounded by bodies of water. The Southwestern side of India borders the Arabian Sea, which is part of the Indian Ocean. It has India to the east, Pakistan to the north and Iran on its western side. The surface area of the Arabian Sea is approximately 1,500,000 miles and it gets to be 15,262 ft deep. The Indus River is also really important to India because it was the birthplace of the Indus Vally Civilization , which was the first Indian civilization, and one of mankind's first civilizations. The Indus River is the largest in Pakistan, and flows directly into the Arabian Sea. Additional rivers in India include the Netravathi, Sharavathi, Narmada, Tapti and Mahi Rivers. Many rivers of the state of Kerala, India also flow into the Arabian Sea. Kerala's coast along central India is called the the Konkan Coast, and its coast along southern India is called the Malabar Coast. The Indian Ocean is enormous! It's the world's third largest ocean and makes up about twenty percent of Earth's water. It lies directly at India's southernmost tip and is the only ocean that was ever named after a country. To its north is South Asia, on its west side is Africa, east of it is Indochina and Australia, and to its south is the Southern Ocean, near Antarctica. The Indian Ocean is more than 6,000 miles wide from the tips of Africa and Australia, and it covers an enormous area of over 28,000 square miles. India's lower east side meets with the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal is considered the most northeastern point of the Indian Ocean. The Bay of Bengal is the largest bay in the entire world and Its borders are defined by Bangladesh to the north, India and Sri Lanka to the west and Andaman and the Nicobar Islands and Burma to the east. These bodies of water and river systems of India make it possible for the country to sustain the world's, soon-to-be, largest population!


What was the name of the sea nymph who imprisoned Odysseus on her island for 7 years?

SparkNotes: The Odyssey: Plot Overview Plot Overview Context Character List Ten years have passed since the fall of Troy, and the Greek hero Odysseus still has not returned to his kingdom in Ithaca. A large and rowdy mob of suitors who have overrun Odysseus’s palace and pillaged his land continue to court his wife, Penelope. She has remained faithful to Odysseus. Prince Telemachus, Odysseus’s son, wants desperately to throw them out but does not have the confidence or experience to fight them. One of the suitors, Antinous, plans to assassinate the young prince, eliminating the only opposition to their dominion over the palace. Unknown to the suitors, Odysseus is still alive. The beautiful nymph Calypso, possessed by love for him, has imprisoned him on her island, Ogygia. He longs to return to his wife and son, but he has no ship or crew to help him escape. While the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus debate Odysseus’s future, Athena, Odysseus’s strongest supporter among the gods, resolves to help Telemachus. Disguised as a friend of the prince’s grandfather, Laertes, she convinces the prince to call a meeting of the assembly at which he reproaches the suitors. Athena also prepares him for a great journey to Pylos and Sparta, where the kings Nestor and Menelaus, Odysseus’s companions during the war, inform him that Odysseus is alive and trapped on Calypso’s island. Telemachus makes plans to return home, while, back in Ithaca, Antinous and the other suitors prepare an ambush to kill him when he reaches port. On Mount Olympus, Zeus sends Hermes to rescue Odysseus from Calypso. Hermes persuades Calypso to let Odysseus build a ship and leave. The homesick hero sets sail, but when Poseidon, god of the sea, finds him sailing home, he sends a storm to wreck Odysseus’s ship. Poseidon has harbored a bitter grudge against Odysseus since the hero blinded his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus, earlier in his travels. Athena intervenes to save Odysseus from Poseidon’s wrath, and the beleaguered king lands at Scheria, home of the Phaeacians. Nausicaa, the Phaeacian princess, shows him to the royal palace, and Odysseus receives a warm welcome from the king and queen. When he identifies himself as Odysseus, his hosts, who have heard of his exploits at Troy, are stunned. They promise to give him safe passage to Ithaca, but first they beg to hear the story of his adventures. Odysseus spends the night describing the fantastic chain of events leading up to his arrival on Calypso’s island. He recounts his trip to the Land of the Lotus Eaters, his battle with Polyphemus the Cyclops, his love affair with the witch-goddess Circe, his temptation by the deadly Sirens, his journey into Hades to consult the prophet Tiresias, and his fight with the sea monster Scylla. When he finishes his story, the Phaeacians return Odysseus to Ithaca, where he seeks out the hut of his faithful swineherd, Eumaeus. Though Athena has disguised Odysseus as a beggar, Eumaeus warmly receives and nourishes him in the hut. He soon encounters Telemachus, who has returned from Pylos and Sparta despite the suitors’ ambush, and reveals to him his true identity. Odysseus and Telemachus devise a plan to massacre the suitors and regain control of Ithaca. When Odysseus arrives at the palace the next day, still disguised as a beggar, he endures abuse and insults from the suitors. The only person who recognizes him is his old nurse, Eurycleia, but she swears not to disclose his secret. Penelope takes an interest in this strange beggar, suspecting that he might be her long-lost husband. Quite crafty herself, Penelope organizes an archery contest the following day and promises to marry any man who can string Odysseus’s great bow and fire an arrow through a row of twelve axes—a feat that only Odysseus has ever been able to accomplish. At the contest, each suitor tries to string the bow and fails. Odysseus steps up to the bow and, with little effort, fires an arrow through all twelve axes. He then turns the bow on the suitors. He and Telemachus, assisted by a few faithful servants, kill ever


In Norse mythology what name is given to the rainbow bridge that leads from the mortal realm to Asgard?

THE NINE WORLDS OF THE NORSE COSMOLOGY                     THE NINE WORLDS OF THE NORSE COSMOLOGY   MIDGARD SERPENT       The purpose of this particular page is to give those who lack a good degree of familiarity with the cosmological stomping grounds of the Norse deities, and the other races of beings they regularly interact with in the myths, a crash course on the subject.  I will endeavor to make this page as succinct and to the point as possible, giving only the basic information that one may require to fully understand and appreciate the complete otherworldly milieu in which the Norse deities operate within.                  It should first be noted that much of the original myths as written down before and during the Age of Vikings in Europe was lost, and what survived was in certain cases rewritten by Christian monks of Scandinavian heritage who sought to preserve this literary tradition of their culture after the fall of Northern Paganism, albeit adding Christian-inspired conceits to the material. The remains of the original poetic versions of the myths were ultimately collected into a volume known as the POETIC EDDA. In the 13th century, these poems were reworked by the writer, historian, and mythographer Snorri Sturluson reworked into standard prose narrative for the first time in the PROSE EDDA (also called the YOUNGER EDDA), where some of his own ideas and interpretations embellished the surviving myths. It is from these sources that the bulk of what is today known about Norse mythology stems.           The cosmic geography in which the Norse deities dwell encompasses nine realms of interconnected realities that are often referred to as the Nine Worlds. These realms are all linked together by the various branches of the cosmic ash tree referred to in the myths as Yggdrasil (illustrated in the painting at the top of this page). Asgard was connected to Midgard (the Earth) by a rainbow-hued bridge called Bifrost.  The Nine Worlds of the Norse cosmology are the following:           1.  Asgard--the realm inhabited by the great majority of the Norse deities, and ruled by Odin and Frigga. Most of the deities have their own palace, and it's the original home of the war-loving Aesir tribe. Asgard is described in the myths as an amazing and majestic realm of towering spires and palaces of gold and silver situated within a remarkable city. It is surrounded by miles and miles of enchanted woodlands, rivers, and seas, which are populated by a large number of life forms, many of them analogous to Earth creatures, such as dogs, cats, and horses, and others unlike anything natural to the biological fauna of Earth, including dragons and various types of sea serpents. This realm is also the original home of the Aesir, one of the two tribes of deities who merged into a single tribe, the Asgardians. A special section of Asgard called Valhalla is inhabited by the souls of heroic and virtuous mortals who followed the Norse path, and these honored dead, known collectively as the Einerjar, are ruled by Odin and Freya (each of whom rules over half of these fallen heroes).         2.  Vanaheim--former home of the Vanir, a tribe of peaceful but powerful fertility deities, that went to war with the Aesir of Asgard and eventually achieved peace with them, merging and intermarrying with this other tribe, and making their home with them in Asgard.  Vanaheim, like Asgard, is a spectacular realm that is dotted with vast, unspoiled forests and bodies of water, all of which are inhabited by nature spirits and equivalents of Earth animals.             3. Alfheim--the realm of the Light Elves, once ruled by the Norse god Frey in his youth (who since migrated to Asgard).  The light elves are the enchanted, shape-shifting beings of great magickal power who were known to the Celtic people as the faerie folk, or fays, and Alfheim is simply another word for the twilight realm known in Ireland and Scotland as Faerieland.               4.  Svartalfheim--the home of the Dark Elves, an offshoot species of the inhabitants of Alfheim, who have been known t


What is the name of the skin test used to determine susceptibility to diphtheria?

Diphtheria | definition of diphtheria by Medical dictionary Diphtheria | definition of diphtheria by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diphtheria   Definition Diphtheria is a potentially fatal, contagious disease that usually involves the nose, throat, and air passages, but may also infect the skin. Its most striking feature is the formation of a grayish membrane covering the tonsils and upper part of the throat. Description Like many other upper respiratory diseases, diphtheria is most likely to break out during the winter months. At one time it was a major childhood killer, but it is now rare in developed countries because of widespread immunization. Since 1988, all confirmed cases in the United States have involved visitors or immigrants. In countries that do not have routine immunization against this infection, the mortality rate varies from 1.5-25%. Persons who have not been immunized may get diphtheria at any age. The disease is spread most often by droplets from the coughing or sneezing of an infected person or carrier. The incubation period is two to seven days, with an average of three days. It is vital to seek medical help at once when diphtheria is suspected, because treatment requires emergency measures for adults as well as children. Causes and symptoms The symptoms of diphtheria are caused by toxins produced by the diphtheria bacillus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae (from the Greek for "rubber membrane"). In fact, toxin production is related to infections of the bacillus itself with a particular bacteria virus called a phage (from bacteriophage; a virus that infects bacteria). The intoxication destroys healthy tissue in the upper area of the throat around the tonsils, or in open wounds in the skin. Fluid from the dying cells then coagulates to form the telltale gray or grayish green membrane. Inside the membrane, the bacteria produce an exotoxin, which is a poisonous secretion that causes the life-threatening symptoms of diphtheria. The exotoxin is carried throughout the body in the bloodstream, destroying healthy tissue in other parts of the body. The most serious complications caused by the exotoxin are inflammations of the heart muscle ( myocarditis ) and damage to the nervous system. The risk of serious complications is increased as the time between onset of symptoms and the administration of antitoxin increases, and as the size of the membrane formed increases. The myocarditis may cause disturbances in the heart rhythm and may culminate in heart failure . The symptoms of nervous system involvement can include seeing double (diplopia), painful or difficult swallowing, and slurred speech or loss of voice, which are all indications of the exotoxin's effect on nerve functions. The exotoxin may also cause severe swelling in the neck ("bull neck"). The signs and symptoms of diphtheria vary according to the location of the infection: Nasal Nasal diphtheria produces few symptoms other than a watery or bloody discharge. On examination, there may be a small visible membrane in the nasal passages. Nasal infection rarely causes complications by itself, but it is a public health problem because it spreads the disease more rapidly than other forms of diphtheria. Pharyngeal Pharyngeal diphtheria gets its name from the pharynx, which is the part of the upper throat that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the voice box. This is the most common form of diphtheria, causing the characteristic throat membrane. The membrane often bleeds if it is scraped or cut. It is important not to try to remove the membrane because the trauma may increase the body's absorption of the exotoxin. Other signs and symptoms of pharyngeal diphtheria include mild sore throat , fever of 101-102°F (38.3-38.9°C), a rapid pulse, and general body weakness. Laryngeal Laryngeal diphtheria, which involves the voice box or larynx, is the form most likely to produce serious complications. The fever is usually higher in this form of diphtheria (103-104°F or 39.4-40°C) and the patient is very weak. Patients may have a s


In the drug type known as NSAID for what does the S stand?

What does NSAID stand for? We've got 6 definitions for NSAID » What does NSAID stand for? What does NSAID mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: NSAID. Filter by: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID(noun) an anti-inflammatory drug that does not contain steroids Couldn't find the full form or full meaning of NSAID? Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: Discuss these NSAID abbreviations with the community: Know what is NSAID ? Got another good explanation for NSAID ? Don't keep it to yourself! Add it HERE! Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web! Search the web


"Which WW2 general was known as ""Blood and Guts""?"

Patton's Career A Brilliant One Patton's Career A Brilliant One By THE NEW YORK TIMES Gen. George Smith Patton Jr. was one of the most brilliant soldiers in American history. Audacious, unorthodox and inspiring, he led his troops to great victories in North Africa, Sicily and on the Western Front. Nazi generals admitted that of all American field commanders he was the one they most feared. To Americans he was a worthy successor of such hardbitten cavalrymen as Philip Sheridan, J. E. B. Stuart and Nathan Bedford Forrest. His great soldierly qualities were matched by one of the most colorful personalities of his period. About him countless legends clustered--some true, some untrue, but all testifying to the firm hold he had upon the imaginations of his men. He went into action with two pearl- handled revolvers in holsters on his hips. He was the master of an unprintable brand of eloquence, yet at times he coined phrases that will live in the American Army's traditions. "We shall attack and attack until we are exhausted, and then we shall attack again," he told his troops before the initial landings in North Africa, thereby summarizing the military creed that won victory after victory along the long road that led from Casablanca to the heart of Germany. At El Guettar in March of 1943 he won the first major American victory over Nazi arms. In July of that year he leaped from a landing barge and waded ashore to the beachhead at Gela, Sicily, thus beginning a campaign that, as he himself observed, out-blitzed the inventors of Blitzkreig. In just thirty-eight days the American Seventh Army, under his leadership, and the British Eighth Army, under Gen. Sir Bernard Montgomery, conquered all of Sicily. But it was as the leader of his beloved Third Army on the Western Front that General Patton staked out his strongest claims to military greatness. In ten months his armor and infantry roared through six countries--France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Czechoslovakia and Austria. It crossed the Seine, the Loire, the Moselle, the Saar, the Rhine, the Danube and a score of lesser rivers; captured more than 750,000 Nazis, and killed or disabled 500,000 others. There were times, in those great days when the tank spearheads of the Third were racing across France with almost unbelievable speed and again when they were cutting the dying Nazi armies to pieces in the final spring of the war, that not even Supreme Headquarters itself knew where his vanguards were. Driven by his iron will, his advanced units had to be supplied with gasoline and maps dropped by air. About such a leader it was inevitable that heroic myths grew up. One eager war correspondent wrote that he jumped onto the Normandy beachhead waving a $1,000 bill and offering to bet it that he would beat Marshal Montgomery to Berlin. When the tale caught up with him, he pithily remarked that he had never seen a bill of that denomination. One of his men brought back the story that he swam the icy, 150-foot Sauer River in January, 1945, under machine gun and artillery fire, to inspire the men of the Third to follow him. That, too, General Patton denied, but the extent to which the story was believed was eloquent testimony to General Patton's habit of being where the fighting was fiercest. Called "Old Blood and Guts" His best-known nickname--"Old Blood and Guts"--was one that he detested, but his men loved. "His guts and my blood," his wounded veterans used to say when they were flown back here for hospitalization. His explosive wrath and lurid vocabulary became legendary wherever American soldiers fought. General Patton had a softer side to his nature, too. He composed two volumes of poetry, which he stipulated were not to be published until after his death. He was an intensely religious man, who liked to sing in church and who knew the Episcopal Order of Morning Prayer by heart. He seemed fated to be the center of controversy. Again and again, when his fame and popularity were at their height, some rash statement or ill-considered deed precipitated


Who was the allied Supreme Commander in Europe from 1944 onwards?

History, Chief of Staff to Supreme Allied Commad Office of Secretary, General Staff, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force. May 1944   [Note: This manuscript was prepared during World War II by the historians assigned to the Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAPE), and subsequently forwarded to the Office of the Chief of Military History (now US Army Center of Military History) for use in the writing of the official history of World War II. The original is on file in the Historical Manuscripts Collection (HMC) under file number 8-3.6A CA, which should be cited in footnotes, along with the title. It is reproduced here with only those limited modifications required to adapt to the World Wide Web; spelling, punctuation, and slang usage have not been altered from the original, especially given that the original was prepared using British rather than American dialect. Where modern explanatory notes were required, they have been inserted as italicized text in square brackets.]     I. THE ORIGINS OF COSSAC The great design for the return of Allied Forces to the Continent of EUROPE had its beginnings at DUNKIRK. From that time onwards, such a return became the ultimate goal of all whose responsibility it was to plan the military operations against GERMANY, but at first the dearth of men, of arms and of all the resources necessary for the prosecution of war made the study little more than an academic exercise. With the entry of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA into the conflict, however, the potentialities of the situation charged rapidly, and the planning of a detailed campaign came within the realm of practical policy.   The successful conclusion of the campaign in NORTH AFRICA was necessary before the attention of the Allies could be devoted to a full scale attack upon EUROPE, but at the CASABLANCA Conference, in January 1943, it was felt that the time had come to evolve schemes for cross-Channel operations. It was deemed advisable that plans should be produced for a return to the Continent in the event of GERMAN weakening or collapse and for deceptive operations to be conducted during 1943. The suggestion was also made that in August 1943 a bridgehead might be established in the COTENTIN PENINSULA from which further offensive operations could subsequently be undertaken, but hopes of this possibility were speedily abandoned. It had been calculated that at least four UNITED STATES divisions would be available for the task by mid-August, seven by mid-September and fifteen by the end of the year, totaling 938,000 men. These figures, however, were found to be greatly exaggerated, and it was recognized that the full scale cross-Channel attack could not take place before 1944.   It was agreed at CASABLANCA, however, that the work of preparing for the grand assault on the fortress of EUROPE must go forward, and that it must be shared by the two nations which were eventually to cooperate in its execution. For the present it was decided to appoint a Chief of Staff to the Supreme Commander, under whom would be established a UNITED STATESï¿½BRITISH staff, with the duty of driving forward the plans for cross-Channel operationsï¿½a task which had hitherto been entrusted to a body known as the 'Combined Commanders'. It was expected that the Supreme Commander ultimately to be appointed would be a BRITISH general and that he would have an AMERICAN deputy, so the nomination of the Chief of Staff was decided on parallel lines. Lieut-General F. E. MORGAN was appointed to this post, with Brig-General R. W. BARKER, of the U.S. Army, (who had previously been associated with the Combined Commanders) as his deputy. To these men accordingly fell the task of building up the organization which was to plan the allied invasion of North-West EUROPE.   Taking the initial letters of his appointmentï¿½Chief of Staff to Supreme Allied Commanderï¿½General MORGAN christened his organisation "COSSAC".   II. THE AIMS OF COSSAC   General MORGAN's first introduction to his task came when Lieut-General ISMAY, the Deputy Secretary to the War Ca


How many years of marriage does a crystal anniversary represent?

What is the symbol for each year of marriage? | Reference.com What is the symbol for each year of marriage? A: Quick Answer Traditionally, eight anniversaries were associated with a material: years one, five, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50 and 75. Respectively, the associated traditional objects are paper, wood, tin, crystal, china, silver, gold and diamond. In 1937, Jewelers of America expanded the list to include every year up to year 15 and then every subsequent five years until year 50. Full Answer Years two through four are cotton, leather, and fruit and flowers. Years six through nine are candy, copper and wool, bronze, and pottery and willow. Years 11 through 14 are steel, silk, lace and ivory. Years 30, 35, 40 and 45 are represented by pearl, corral, ruby and sapphire. As of 2014, additional symbols are used to represent modern anniversaries. The symbols for years one through 15 are clocks, china, crystal, appliances, silverware, wood, desk set, linens and lace, leather, diamond, fashion jewelry, pearl, textile and fur, gold and watches. The modern symbol for year 20 is platinum Traditional symbols and modern ones remain the same for years 25, 50 and 75. The practice of associating a symbol with marriage anniversaries dates back to the medieval period. In 1922, Emily Post, a 20th-century American author, wrote an etiquette book that applied meanings and designated gifts for the eight major anniversaries. This marked the beginning of the practice of giving gifts made from these symbolic materials.


Who was the first of the Lancastrian Kings?

house of Lancaster | English family | Britannica.com House of Lancaster aristocracy House of Lancaster, a cadet branch of the house of Plantagenet . In the 15th century it provided three kings of England—Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI—and, defeated by the house of York , passed on its claims to the Tudor dynasty . The family name first appeared in 1267, when the title of earl of Lancaster was granted to Edmund “Crouchback” (1245–96), the youngest son of Henry III . Two of Edmund’s sons by his second wife, Blanche of Artois, succeeded to the title: Thomas, earl of Lancaster (died 1322), and Henry, earl of Lancaster (died 1345). Henry’s son, Henry, 1st duke of Lancaster (died 1361), was survived only by two coheiresses. The elder daughter—Maud, married to William, duke of Bavaria—died without issue a year after her father. The Lancastrian inheritance thus fell to the younger daughter, Blanche, and to her husband, John of Gaunt (died 1399), third surviving son of Edward III . After Gaunt’s death his son Henry of Lancaster deposed Richard II and became king himself, as Henry IV . On his accession the duchy of Lancaster was merged in the crown, and the house of Lancaster, in the persons of Henry IV, Henry V , and Henry VI , ruled England for more than 60 years.


Which English King was born at Caenarvon Castle in 1284?

Edward II King Of ENGLAND, b: 1284 - Caernarvon Castle, Wales  Father:    Edward I "Longshanks" King Of ENGLAND  Born:    1239, England    Marr:    1254    Died:    1307, England  Mother:    Leonor Princess Of CASTILE AND LbEON  Born:    1244, Spain    Died:    1290, England  Father:    Philippe IV King Of FRANCE  Born:    1268, IsleDeFrance    Marr:    1284    Died:    1314, Isle De France  Mother:    Jeanne Princess Of NAVARRE  Born:    1271, France    Died:    1305, France  Edward II King Of ENGLAND      Born:    25 APR 1284  - Caernarvon Castle, Caernarvon, Caernarvonshire, Wales  Marr:    22 JAN 1307/1308  - , Boulogne, Pas-De-Calais, France  Died:    21 SEP 1327  - Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England  Other Spouses:      Born:     1292  - Of, Paris, , France       Died:    21 NOV 1358  - Hertford Castle, , Hertfordshire, England  Other Spouses:      1.    Edward III King Of ENGLAND  Born:    13 NOV 1312  - Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England  Marr:    1327  - Philippa Queen Of ENGLAND    Died:    21 JUN 1377  - Shene Palace, , Surrey, England  2.    John Prince Of ENGLAND  Born:    15 AUG 1315  - , Eltham, Kent, England  Marr:     -   Died:    14 SEP 1336  - Unmarried  3.    Eleanor Princess Of ENGLAND  Born:     8 JUN 1318  - Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England  Marr:     -   Died:    22 APR 1355  - , Deventer, Overijsel, Netherlands  4.    Joan Princess Of ENGLAND  Born:     JUL 1321  - Tower Of London, London, Middlesex, England  Marr:     -  GEDCOM to HTML by GedHTree V2.23 © 1999-2004  Father:    Jean II De AVESNES  Born:    1247, Belgium    Marr:    1270    Died:    1304, France  Mother:    Philippine Countess de LUXEMBOURG  Born:    1252, Luxembourg    Died:    1311, France  Father:    Charles I, Prince Of FRANCE  Born:    1270, France    Marr:    1290    Died:    1325, France  Mother:    Marguerite Princess Of SICILY & NAPLES  Born:    1273, Italy    Died:    1299   Willem III De AVESNES      Born:     Abt 1286  - Of, Avesnes, Pas-De-Calais, France  Marr:    19 MAY 1305  - , Longpont, Aisen, France  Died:     7 JUN 1337  - , Valenciennes, Nord, France  Other Spouses:      Born:     Abt 1294/1295  - Of, Longpont, Aisne, France       Died:     7 MAR 1342  - , Fontenelle, Yonne, France  Other Spouses:      1.    Philippa Queen Of ENGLAND  Born:     Abt 1314  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  Marr:    1327  - Edward III King Of ENGLAND    Died:    15 AUG 1369  - Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England  2.    Sibylla Countess Of HOLLAND  Born:     1310  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  Marr:     -   3.    Margaretha Countess Of HOLLAND  Born:     1311  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  Marr:     -   Died:    23 JUN 1356  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  4.    Jan Count Of HOLLAND  Born:     Abt 1313  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  Marr:     -   5.    Johanna Countess Of HOLLAND  Born:     Abt 1315  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  Marr:     -   6.    Willem IV Count Of HOLLAND  Born:     Abt 1317  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  Marr:     -   Died:    26 SEP 1345  - , Worms, Friesland, Netherlands  7.    Louis Van HOLLAND  Born:     Abt 1325  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  Marr:     -   8.    Elisabeth Or Isabella Countess Of HOLLAND  Born:     Abt 1327  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  Marr:     -   9.    Agnaes Countess Of HOLLAND  Born:     Abt 1320  - Of, Le Quesnoy, Nord, France  Marr:     -   Born:    1248, France    Died:    1302, France  Philippe IV King Of FRANCE      Born:     1268  - , Fontainebleau, Isle De France  Marr:    16 AUG 1284  - Notre Dame De Paris, Paris, Seine, France  Died:    29 NOV 1314  - , Fontainebleau, Isle De France  Other Spouses:      Born:     JAN 1271/1273  - , Bar-Sur-Seine, , France       Died:     2 APR 1305  - Chcateau De Vincennes, Vincennes, France  Other Spouses:      1.    Marguerite Princess Of FRANCE  Born:     Abt 1288  - Of, Paris, , France  Marr:     -   2.    Blanche Princess Of FRANCE  Born:     1290  - , Paris, , France  Died:    Aft 13 1294 Apr  -   3.    Isabelle Princess Of FRANCE  Born:     1292  - Of, Paris, , France  Marr:    130


The Habanero is a variety of which vegetable?

Habanero Orange Pepper - Heirloom Seeds: Sustainable Seed Company Full Planting Tips for Heirloom Hot Peppers: Start these vegetable seeds indoors about 6-8 weeks before your last frost date.  Be sure to keep them in a warm place so that the soil temperature stays above 75°.  Young heirloom pepper plants like it to stay warm and will develop best if kept happy. Only transplant after the heirloom pepper seedlings have shown several sets of their true leaves and only once you are sure the outside soil temperature is consistently above 65°.   Heirloom seeds are hardy, but always take care with your garden seeds to give them the appropriate amount of moisture - don't let the vegetable seeds dry out prematurely, and don't overwater and possibly have them rot.   Directions:   Cut the large peppers into 1/4 inch rings and simply pierce the very small peppers a few times, or you can cut all peppers into 1 inch pieces.  this will depend on how you wish to eat them. Pack the peppers into 1 qt jar. Place all remaining ingredients into a pot or medium sauce pan and bring to a boil. Reduce heat and let simmer for 5 minutes. Pour the hot brine into the jar of peppers, place lids, and seal. Serve within a month, and refrigerate after opening. Note** To seal the jar you can either place it on a canning rack or directly into a pot with the water filled up to cover the whole jar.  Bring to a boil for 10-15 minutes. Your name


In boxing what weight comes above Light Heavyweight?

Weight divisions - BoxRec Weight divisions 5 History of the Weight Divisions Current Weight Divisions In January 2015, the World Boxing Council , World Boxing Association and the International Boxing Federation reached an agreement to standardize the names of the 17 weight categories. (The World Boxing Organization has yet to adopt these standard class names.) The currently-recognized weight divisions/classes for professional male boxers, listed in maximum allowable weight, as defined by these four major sanctioning bodies , are: Division/Class Pinweight: up to 101 pounds Light Flyweight: 106 Light Flyweight: up to 106 pounds Flyweight: 112 Super Heavyweight: over 201 Traditional Eight Divisions These are commonly known today as the "traditional divisions," which were basically the only weight classes throughout the early 20th Century, before the numerous "super," "junior" and "light" classes were added. Flyweight: 8 st (50,802 Kg / 112 lbs) Bantamweight: 8 st 6 lbs (53,525 kg / 118 lbs) Featherweight: 9 st (57,153 kg / 126 lbs) Lightweight: 9 st 9 lbs (61,235 kg / 135 lbs) Welterweight: 10½ st (66,678 kg / 147 lbs) Middleweight: 11 st 6 lbs (72,574 kg / 160 lbs) Light Heavyweight: 12½ st (79,378 kg / 175 lbs) Heavyweight: (unlimited) See also, 15 Feb 1909 Los Angeles Herald article re: necessity for revision to universal 8 divisions: [1] History of the Weight Divisions The 21 National Sporting Club ( NSC ) Rules- (1891-?) London-based private club amends 12 Queensberry Rules , modifying with new augment rules with nine specific criteria, such as designating role of officials; devised a system of scoring bouts; and enabled referee to determine who won. Major accomplishment transpired in 1909 ratification vote and 1910 implementation of 8 traditional weight classes: Heavyweight [176 lbs plus; at least 75.3 kg; over 12 stone, 7 lbs] Cruiserweight [175 lb maximum; 79.5 kg; or 12 stone, 7 pounds] later called "lighter heavyweight" by the English and "light heavyweight" by the Americans. Solidified under the New York State Athletic Commission and National Boxing Association as one division, with a uniform name. Middleweight [160 lbs maximum; 72.7 kg; or 11 stone, 4 pounds] Welterweight [147 lbs maximum; 66.8 kg; or 10 stone, 7 pounds] Lightweight [135lbs maximum; 61.4 kg; or 9 stone, 9 pounds] Featherweight [126lbs maximum; 57.3 kg; or 9 stone] Bantamweight [118lbs maximum; 53.6 kg; or 8 stone, 6 pounds] Flyweight [112lbs maximum; 50.9 kg; or 8 stone] NOTE: weight class key- one pound equals .45359237 kilograms one pound equals .0714285714 stone- sixteen ounces equals one pound, 14 stone and 6 kilograms. Olympic Boxing Classes & Weight Divisions: [American lbs, European kilograms, English stones] One pound (lb as unit of mass) is equal to 16 ounces (oz) One kilogram (also equal to 1,000 grams) is equal to 2.2 lbs One stone is equal to 14 pounds (with pounds rounding 5/8th) Super Heavyweight: [202lbs + above; 91.6 kg or 14 stone, 6 pounds] – (est. 1984-end 2004): legislation pending before International Olympic Congress , not subject to change by AIBA . Heavyweight: [179-201lbs*; 81.2 – 91.2 kg; 12 stone, 11 pounds – 14 stone, 5 pounds]– (est. 1904) Light Heavyweight: [166-178lbs; 75.3 – 80.7 kg; or 11 stone, 12 pounds – 12 stone, 10 pounds – (est. 1920) Middleweight: [157-165lbs; 71.2 – 74.8; or 11 stone, 3 pounds – 11 stone, 11 pounds] – (est. 1904) Light Middleweight: [148-156lbs; 67.1 – 70.8 kg; or 10 stone, 8 pounds – 11 stone, 2 pound] – (est. 1952) Welterweight: [140-147lbs; 63.5 – 66.7 kg; or 10 stone – 10 stone, 7 pounds] – (est. 1904) Light Welterweight: [133-139lbs; 60.3 – 63.0 kg; or 9 stone, 7 pounds – 9 stone, 13 pounds] – (est. 1952) Lightweight: [126-132lbs; 57.2 – 59.9 kg; or 9 stone – 9 stone, 6 pounds] – (est. 1904) Featherweight: [120-125lbs; 54.4 – 56.7 kg; or 8 stone, 8 pounds – 8 stone, 13 pounds] – (est. 1904) Bantamweight: [113-119lbs; 51.3 – 53.9 kg; or 8 stone, 1 pound – 8 stone, 7 pounds] – (est. 1904) Flyweight: [107-112lbs; 48.5 – 50.8 kg; or 7 stone, 9 pounds – 8 stone] – (est. 1904) Light Fly


In which year of the 1960s did Sandie Shaw have a number one hit with 'Puppet on a String' and Procol Harum with 'Whiter Shade of Pale'?

Number ones of 1967 played by 60s music DJ 1969 1967 perhaps had the fewest number one hits of the 60s but there were some stand out mile stone tracks. Music history was made in 1967 with UK's first Eurovision win with Puppet On A String by Sandie Shaw. Another huge milestone in 1967 was the first live international satellite broadcast that covered many country's, time zones and topics. At the height of the cold war and Vietnam war the UK closed the broadcast with the Beatles singing All You Need is Love. Please Release me by Engelbert Humperdinck (not his real name) is a great track but a few years back we were asked to play this for a couple that were celebrating their Ruby Wedding Anniversary. Perhaps it was meant to be a joke or the person asking had only ever listened to the tune and not the lyrics but we pretended not to have it. Arnold Dorseys (his real name) next track also got to the top and The Last Waltz still gets a spin from time to time especially at formal functions that have gone on for a bit too long. Its great for couples taking the last chance for romance but also a bit of a end of the night sing along. The two party classics of 1967 came in the shape of The Monkees with I'm a believer and the slightly lesser known Foundations hit Baby Now That I found You. The Beatles said Hello to Christmas and Goodbye to 1967 with another number one that stayed at the top till well into the new year. If you are are looking for a mobile disco that knows 60s dance music and not just playing from a list of CDs then contact Pro Mobile Disco for great 60s music DJ in Essex , London, Kent, Hertfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire.


Who had a hit in 1961 with Poetry in Motion?

Bobby Vee [1961] - Bobby Vee | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic Bobby Vee [1961] google+ AllMusic Review               by Joe Viglione Bobby Vee 's self-titled 1961 disc contains his first two Top Ten hits that broke toward the end of 1960, his remake of a tune by the Clovers from a few years earlier, "Devil or Angel," as well as "Rubber Ball." Produced by the great Snuff Garrett , the hits have a timeless charm that puts them in a class above much of the close-to filler material here -- covers of Johnny Tillotson 's "Poetry in Motion," the Chordettes / the Four Aces '50s hit "Mr. Sandman," the Fireballs / the Crickets "More Than I Can Say" (an eventual hit for Leo Sayer ), and Little Willie John 's "Talk to Me, Talk to Me." Though Bobby Vee had the credibility of playing with his Shadows on the circuit, the album doesn't have the consistency of, say, The Young Frankie Avalon from a couple of years before. Of course with the hit songs to carry it, the "teen idol" look of the album and familiar material from other sources made for good marketing. The "Love Love Love" that closes this LP is not the British Bobby Hebb hit written by producer Jerry Ross , this composition from David/McRae/Wyche was part of Dean Martin 's repertoire as well as the Clovers . An artist of substance, Vee does a good job with all of the material, though it would have been more interesting had Garrett allowed more of the singer's personality to come through by giving him a more varied song selection. Track Listing


Which Roman emperor is known by a name which translates as 'Little Boots'?

Little boots | Article about Little boots by The Free Dictionary Little boots | Article about Little boots by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Little+boots Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Caligula (kəlĭg`yo͝olə), A.D. 12–A.D. 41, Roman emperor (A.D. 37–A.D. 41); son of Germanicus Caesar Germanicus Caesar , 15 B.C.–A.D. 19, Roman general, son of Drusus Senior. He was adopted (A.D. 4) by his uncle Emperor Tiberius. Germanicus fought (A.D. 8) in Pannonia and Dalmatia and in A.D. ..... Click the link for more information.  and Agrippina the Elder Agrippina the Elder , d. A.D. 33, Roman matron; daughter of Agrippa and Julia and granddaughter of Augustus. She was the wife of Germanicus Caesar and accompanied him on his provincial duties. After her husband's death (A.D. ..... Click the link for more information. . His real name was Caius Caesar Germanicus. As a small child, he wore military boots, whence his nickname [caligula=little boot]. On the death of Tiberius Tiberius (Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus) , 42 B.C.–A.D. 37, second Roman emperor (A.D. 14–A.D. 37). He was the son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla and was originally named Tiberius Claudius Nero. He campaigned (20 B.C.) in Armenia, became (19 B.C. ..... Click the link for more information.  the army helped make Caligula emperor. Shortly afterward he became severely ill; his subsequent strange and cruel actions led to the wide belief that he was thereafter insane. A more recent, alternative hypothesis blames his behavior on a desire to humiliate and destroy Rome's aristocracy. In any case, Caligula earned a reputation for ruthless and cruel autocracy, and torture and execution became the order of the day. He was responsible for serious disturbances among the Jews, and he nearly caused a rebellion in Palestine by attempting to erect a statue of himself in their temple. He was assassinated by a tribune of the Praetorian Guard and succeeded by Claudius I Claudius I (Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus) , 10 B.C.–A.D. 54, Roman emperor (A.D. 41–A.D. 54), son of Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus and thus nephew of Tiberius. When Caligula was murdered (A.D. ..... Click the link for more information. . Bibliography See biographies by J. P. V. D. Balsdon (1934) and A. Winterling (2011); A. A. Barrett, Caligula: The Corruption of Power (1996). Caligula


Who in 1938 invented the game of Scrabble (although he called it Criss-Crosswords)?

1938 Scrabble - Carolus Chess Board, Card Games and Puzzles (under construction)  >  1938 Scrabble In 1948, James Brunot, [6] a resident of Newtown, Connecticut — and one of the few owners of the original Criss-Crosswords game — bought the rights to manufacture the game in exchange for granting Butts a royalty on every unit sold. Though he left most of the game (including the distribution of letters) unchanged, Brunot slightly rearranged the "premium" squares of the board and simplified the rules; he also changed the name of the game to "Scrabble," a real word which means "to scratch frantically." In 1949, Brunot and his family made sets in a converted former schoolhouse in Dodgingtown , a section of Newtown. They made 2,400 sets that year, but lost money. [7] According to legend, Scrabble's big break came in 1952 when Jack Strauss, president of Macy's , played the game on vacation. Upon returning from vacation, he was surprised to find that his store did not carry the game. He placed a large order and within a year, "everyone had to have one." [8] In 1952, unable to meet demand himself, Brunot sold manufacturing rights to Long Island-based Selchow and Righter (one of the manufacturers who, like Parker Brothers and Milton Bradley Company , had previously rejected the game). Selchow & Righter bought the trademark to the game in 1972. [9] JW Spears began selling the game in Australia and the UK on January 19, 1955. The company is now a subsidiary of Mattel , Inc. [5] In 1986, Selchow and Righter sold the game to Coleco , who soon after went bankrupt. The company's assets, including Scrabble and Parchesi, were purchased by Hasbro . In 1984, Scrabble was turned into a daytime game show on NBC . Scrabble ran from July 1984 to March 1990, with a second run from January to June 1993. The show was hosted by Chuck Woolery . The tagline of the show in promo broadcasts was, "Every man dies; not every man truly Scrabbles."   Even though it’s a word game, the real story behind SCRABBLE Brand Crossword Game is numbers. One hundred million sets sold world-wide. Between one and two million sold each year in North America. And, of keen interest to legions of passionate players, over 120,000 words that may be used in their scoring arsenal. The story of the game’s evolution from underground craze to cultural icon is as American as, well, the SCRABBLE game. Alfred Mosher Butts, an out-of-work architect from Poughkeepsie, New York, decided to invent a board game. Analyzing games, he found they fell into three categories: number games, such as dice and bingo; move games, such as chess and checkers and word games, such as anagrams. Attempting to create a game that would use both chance and skill, Butts combined features of anagrams and the crossword puzzle. In 1938 he created the game as a variation on an earlier word game he invented called Lexiko . To decide on letter distribution, Butts studied the front page of The New York Times and did painstaking calculations of letter frequency. His basic cryptographic analysis of our language and his original tile distribution have remained valid for almost three generations and billions of games played. The game was later called CRISS CROSS WORDS, when he added the 15-by-15 game board and the crossword-style game play. He manufactured a few sets himself, but was not successful in selling the game to any major game manufacturers of the day. Established game manufacturers were unanimous in rejecting Butts’ invention for commercial development. Then Butts met James Brunot, a game-loving entrepreneur who became enamored of the concept. Together, they made some refinements on rules and design and, most importantly, came up with the name “SCRABBLE,” a real word which means “to grope frantically.” The game was trademarked SCRABBLE® Brand Crossword Game in 1948. The Brunots rented an abandoned schoolhouse in Dodgington, Connecticut, where with friends they turned out 12 games an hour, stamping letters on wooden tiles one at a time. Later, boards, boxes and tiles were made elsewhere and sent


"Which artist's last words, in 1851, were ""The sun is God""?"

Famous Last Words: Artists Famous Last Words: Artists By Chris Raymond Updated September 01, 2016 Whether realized at the time they are said or only in hindsight, nearly everyone will express a word, phrase or sentence that proves the last thing he or she ever says while alive. Sometimes profound, sometimes everyday, here you will find a select collection of the last words spoken by the world's famous artists. Author's note: For the purposes of this article, "artist" is defined as someone who expressed his or her artistic vision through painting or sculpting. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, 1796-1875, French painter I hope with all my heart there will be painting in heaven. Salvador Dali, 1904-1989, Spanish painter Where is my clock? Dali's final words evoke the image of one of his most famous works, The Persistence of Memory, which featured melting pocket watches. Raphael, 1483-1520, Italian painter and architect Happy. Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter, 1853-1890 The sadness will last forever. Controversy surrounds both the troubled artist's last words and the cause of his death. A letter written by his brother, Theo, who was at Van Gogh's side when he died, implies his final words were, "I would like to go like this," which the artist said about 30 minutes before he died. A second letter written by his brother a few days later, however, states that Van Gogh said, "La tristesse durera toujours" [The sadness will last forever] before he died "a few moments later." In addition, a letter written by Van Gogh's friend, Emile Bernard, states that the artist, with "complete lucidity," committed suicide by shooting himself with a revolver on July 27, 1890. The authors of a biography, Van Gogh, A Life, published in 2011, however, postulate that the artist died from an accidental shooting at the hands of two local boys. Michelangelo, 1475-1564, Italian painter, sculptor and architect I give my soul to God, my body to the earth and my worldly possessions to my nearest of kin, charging them to remember the sufferings of Jesus Christ. Grandma Moses (Anna Marie Robertson Moses), 1860-1961, American painter You take me back to Eagle Bridge and you'll get back your stethoscope. Moses lived in Eagle Bridge, New York, and said these words to her doctor at the healthcare facility where she died, located in Hoosick Falls, New York, roughly 10 kilometers (6 miles) away from her home. Pablo Picasso, 1881-1973, Spanish painter Drink to me, drink to my health, you know I can't drink any more. Joseph M.W. Turner, 1775-1851, English painter The Sun, my dear, the Sun is God. Turner is known for his skillful use of light/illumination in his works, which earned him the moniker "painter of light." Leonardo da Vinci, 1452-1519, Italian painter, sculptor, musician, architect and inventor I have offended God and mankind because my work did not reach the quality it should have. The final words expressed by da Vinci appear ironic in hindsight given that he painted the Mona Lisa, the world's best known painting and considered a masterpiece. You Might Also Like:


Who, in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, was the first British swimmer to win 2 gold medals since 1908?

Olympic Swimming | Swimming | British Swimming Olympic Swimming Follow @britishswimming Rio 2016 Team GB Media Guide All the information you need about Rio-bound Team GB including important and useful contacts, sport specific details and more about selected athletes competing at the 2016 Olympic Games here . KEY STATS/ BRIEF HISTORY The Great Britain Swimming Team has won a total of 65 medals at the Olympic Games made up of 15 Gold, 22 Silver and 28 Bronze medals The most recent gold medals were won by Rebecca Adlington in both the 400m and 800m Freestyle events in Beijing 2008, ending Great Britain’s 20 year wait for an Olympic Champion. In London the Swimming Team came home with a silver for Michael Jamieson in the 200m Breaststroke and two bronze medals in the 400m and 800m Freestyle for Rebecca Adlington.  In Beijing Britain's other medallists alongside Adlington were Jo Jackson who won bronze in the 400m Freestyle, Keri-anne Payne and Cassandra Patten, who won silver and bronze respectively in the 10km and David Davies who also won a silver in the 10km. The six medals won in Beijing was Great Britain’s largest medal haul since the 1912 Olympics. The largest Swimming Team at an Olympics was in 1976 when GB took 39 different swimmers to Montreal, the smallest squad was the six participants in Athens in 1906. William Henry is the oldest GB swimming medallist with bronze in the relay in 1906 aged 47 while Sarah Hardcastle is the youngest at age 15 winning silver in 1984. Overall Great Britain has won more medals in the 200m Breaststroke than any other, winning ten medals including four gold WOMEN’S OLYMPIC FACTS • Great Britain has won six gold medals in the women’s program: the 4x100m Freestyle Relay team in 1912, Lucy Morton in the 200m Breaststroke in 1924, Judith Grinham in the 100m Backstroke in 1956, Anita Lonsborough in the 200m Breaststroke in 1960 and Rebecca Adlington in both the 400m Freestyle and 800m Freestyle in 2008. • At the 2008 Beijing Games, Rebecca Adlington became Britain’s most successful swimmer for 100 years when she won two gold medals. Her feat of winning the 400m Freestyle and the 800m Freestyle gave her the honour of being the first British swimmer to have won two gold medals since 1908 and the first Olympic Champion since 1988. • The Beijing Olympics also saw the inaugural 10km Marathon Swimming event which saw Keri-anne Payne and Cassandra Patten win two of the three medals on offer. • Britain is still searching for its first Olympic medal in both the 50m Freestyle and 200m Freestyle events. • No Backstroker has won a medal since Natalie Steward took silver in the 100m in 1960.  • In reaching the final of the 100m Backstroke in Beijing 2008 Gemma Spofforth became Britain’s first finalist in the event since 1984. • Britain has had a finalist in the last two Olympics in the 200m Backstroke through Lizzie Simmonds (2008) and Katy Sexton (2004). • The last women’s Breaststroke medallist was in 1960 when Anita Lonsborough struck gold. • No Briton has reached a breaststroke final since 1984 and no Briton has won a medal in the 100m Breastroke. • Great Britain has never won an Olympic medal in either the 100m or 200m Butterfly events. Jemma Lowe reached the 100m final in Beijing 2008 while the last finalist in the 200m event was Samantha Purvis in 1984. • Sharron Davies is the only Individual Medley medallist, taking the silver in 1980 in the 400m in Moscow, while the last British finalist in the 200m Individual Medley was Shelagh Ratcliffe in 1968. • Great Britain has not been on the relay podium since 1980 where the 4x100m Medley Relay team won silver. • Joyce Cooper holds the record for the most Olympic swimming medals by a British woman with four: silver in the 400m Freestyle Relay in 1928, and three bronzes in the 100m Freestyle and 100m Backstroke also in 1928, plus the 400m Freestyle Relay four years later. • June Croft swam in a British women’s swimming record eight Olympic finals, three in 1980 in Moscow and five more 4 years later in Los Angeles. MEN’S OLYMPIC FACTS • Grea


"Who painted the ""Adoration of the Magi"" now in the Uffizi Gallery?"

Sandro Botticelli | artist | about 1445 - 1510 | National Gallery, London Sandro Botticelli Go to artist A-Z At the height of his fame, the Florentine painter and draughtsman Sandro Botticelli was one of the most esteemed artists in Italy. His graceful pictures of the Madonna and Child, his altarpieces and his life-size mythological paintings, such as 'Venus and Mars' , were immensely popular in his lifetime. Detail from Sandro Botticelli, Self-portrait from the Adoration of the Magi © The Art Archive/Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence/Alfredo Dagli Orti  The son of a tanner, he was born Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi, but he was given the nickname 'Botticelli' (derived from the word 'botticello' meaning 'small wine cask'). Smart beyond his years, the young Botticelli became easily bored at school. He was known for his sharp wit and his love of practical jokes, and he quickly earned a reputation as a restless, hyperactive and impatient child. Fortunately, his precocious talent was recognised and he was withdrawn from school and sent to work as an apprentice. It is thought that Botticelli first trained with Maso Finiguerra, a goldsmith, before entering the studio of the artist Fra Filippo Lippi . He began his career painting frescoes for Florentine churches and cathedrals, and worked with the painter and engraver Antonio del Pollaiuolo . By 1470, he had his own workshop. To Rome and Back In 1472, Botticelli joined the Compagnia di San Luca, the confraternity of Florentine painters. He also employed Filippino Lippi, his late teacher's son, as his apprentice, and broke convention by completing Filippino's version of 'The Adoration of the Kings' - it was far more usual for an apprentice to finish a painting by his master rather than the other way round. Botticelli's apprenticeship with Fra Filippo gave him excellent contacts. His master had enjoyed the patronage of some of the leading families in Florence, such as the Medici. Botticelli in turn spent almost all his life working for the Medici family and their circle of friends, for whom he painted some of his most ambitious secular paintings such as 'Primavera' (in the Uffizi, Florence). Botticelli's star was in the ascendant. Such was his reputation that, in 1481, he was summoned by the Pope to Rome to help decorate the walls of the recently completed Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. He painted frescoes depicting scenes from the Life of Moses and the Temptations of Christ and was also responsible for a number of papal portraits. The nature of this task demonstrates how highly regarded he was around this time, and it was the only occasion he is known to have worked outside Florence. Mythologies A year later, Botticelli returned to Florence, to continue with the most prolific stage of his career. The period from 1478-90 saw Botticelli at his most creative. This was the period during which he produced his famous mythological works, such as 'The Birth of Venus' (in the Uffizi, Florence) and 'Venus and Mars' . In these he successfully combined a decorative use of line (possibly owing much to his early training as a goldsmith) with elements of the classical tradition, seen in the harmony of his composition and the supple contours of his figures. Religion and Politics During the last 15 years of his life, Botticelli's work appeared to undergo a crisis of style and expression. The 1490s was a turbulent decade - the Medici had been expelled from Florence and Italy's peace disrupted by invasion and plagues. Botticelli rejected the ornamental charm of his earlier works in favour of a more simplistic approach that seemed crude and heavy-handed by contrast. These later paintings, with their deep moral and religious overtones, also suffered a comparison with the sophisticated aesthetic of artists such as Michelangelo and Raphael. According to Vasari in his book 'The Lives of the Artists', in his latter years Botticelli became a follower of the fanatical Dominican friar Savonarola , and the pious sentiment of his later works would seem to suggest some involvement in the religious and political


Whose 9 metre high statue of a spider was acquired by Tate Modern in 2008?

Wiki: Sculpture - upcScavenger upcScavenger (45) Media Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts . Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone , metal , ceramic art , wood and other materials but, since Modernism , there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or Casting . Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely. However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost. "Gods in Color: Painted Sculpture of Classical Antiquity" September 2007 to January 2008, The Arthur M. Sackler Museum Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or politics. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South America and Africa. The Western culture tradition of sculpture began in ancient Greece , and Greece is widely seen as producing great masterpieces in the Classical Greece period. During the Middle Ages , Gothic art sculpture represented the agonies and passions of the Christian faith. The revival of classical models in the Renaissance produced famous sculptures such as Michelangelo 's David. Modernist sculpture moved away from traditional processes and the emphasis on the depiction of the human body, with the making of constructed sculpture, and the presentation of as finished art works. Types of sculpture A basic distinction is between sculpture in the round, free-standing sculpture, such as , not attached (except possibly at the base) to any other surface, and the various types of relief , which are at least partly attached to a background surface. Relief is often classified by the degree of projection from the wall into low or bas-relief , alto-relievo , and sometimes an intermediate mid-relief . Sunk-relief is a technique restricted to ancient Egypt . Relief is the usual sculptural medium for large figure groups and narrative subjects, which are difficult to accomplish in the round, and is the typical technique used both for architectural sculpture, which is attached to buildings, and for small-scale sculpture decorating other objects, as in much pottery , metalwork and jewellery . Relief sculpture may also decorate , upright slabs, usually of stone, often also containing inscriptions. Another basic distinction is between subtractive carving techniques, which remove material from an existing block or lump, for example of stone or wood, and modelling techniques which shape or build up the work from the material. Techniques such as casting , stamping and moulding use an intermediate matrix containing the design to produce the work; many of these allow the production of several copies. The term "sculpture" is often used mainly to describe large works, which are sometimes called monumental sculpture, meaning either or both of sculpture that is large, or that is attached to a building. But the term properly covers many types of small works in three dimensions using the same techniques, including coins and , hardstone carvings, a term for small carvings in stone that can take detailed work. The very large or "colossal" statue has had an enduring appeal since antiquity; the largest on record at is the 2002 Chinese Spring Temple Buddha. Another grand form of portrait sculpture is the equestrian statue of a rider on horse, which has become rare in recent decades. The smallest forms of life-size portrait sculpture are the "head", showing just that,


Comedian Charles Springall (1925-2006) was better known by which name?

Springall Surname, Family Crest & Coats of Arms Springall Surname, Family Crest & Coats of Arms     Buy PDF History » The surname Springall was first found in various counties and shires throughout Britain but especially in Sussex and Kent . The name is a diminutive of "Spring," as in a nickname for a "lively young man." [1] CITATION[CLOSE] Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X) One of the first records of the name was William Pringett who was listed in the Pipe Rolls of Warwickshire in 1193. The Subsidy Rolls of Sussex in 1296 lists William Springet. [1] CITATION[CLOSE] Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X) The Hundredorum Rolls of 1273 list: Julian Springald and Walter Springaud in Oxfordshire; and Alan Springold in Cambridgeshire . [2] CITATION[CLOSE] Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6) Springall Spelling Variations Spelling variations of this family name include: Springett, Springate, Springette, Springet and others. Springall Early History Springall Early History This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Springall research. Another 299 words (21 lines of text) covering the years 1510, 1600, 1076, 1084, 1135, 1194, 1562, 1455, 1487, 1621, 1642, 1639 and 1660 are included under the topic Early Springall History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. Springall Early Notables (pre 1700) Springall Early Notables (pre 1700) Another 29 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Springall Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. The Great Migration Some of the first settlers of this family name were: Springall Settlers in United States in the 17th Century Jo Springall, aged 18, arrived in Virginia in 1635 Springall Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century Eliza M. Springall, aged 25, a servant, arrived in South Australia in 1855 aboard the ship "Taymouth Castle" Contemporary Notables of the name Springall (post 1700) Contemporary Notables of the name Springall (post 1700) Charles Edward Springall (1925-2006), known professionally as Charlie Drake, an English comedian, actor, writer and singer Nicola Springall, English makeup artist, known for her work on Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011), Johnny English Reborn (2011) and Clash of the Titans (2010) Violet Springall, English mother of comic entertainer Charlie Drake and grandmother of Christopher Drake Cyril Springall, British political candidate for Winyates in the Redditch Borough Council election, 2002 Alejandro Springall, Mexican multiple award winning film director and producer, known for his work on Santitos (1999), Cronos (1993) and No eres tï¿½, soy yo (2010) Springall Family Crest Products Best, Hugh. Debrett's Texas Peerage. New York: Coward-McCann, 1983. Print. (ISBN 069811244X). Markale, J. Celtic Civilization. London: Gordon & Cremonesi, 1976. Print. Dunkling, Leslie. Dictionary of Surnames. Toronto: Collins, 1998. Print. (ISBN 0004720598). Hitching, F.K and S. Hitching. References to English Surnames in 1601-1602. Walton On Thames: 1910. Print. (ISBN 0-8063-0181-3). Lennard, Reginald. Rural England 1086-1135 A Study of Social and Agrarian Conditions. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959. Print. Holt, J.C. Ed. Domesday Studies. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1987. Print. (ISBN 0-85115-477-8). Foster, Joseph. Dictionary of Heraldry Feudal Coats of Arms and Pedigrees. London: Bracken Books, 1989. Print. (ISBN 1-85170-309-8). Le Patourel, John. The Norman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. Print. (ISBN 0-19-822525-3). Reaney P.H and R.M. Wilson. A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X). Elster, Robert J. International Who's Who. London: Europa/Routledge. Print. ... The Springall Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archive


In the 2004 film of the same name who played the part of 'Vera Drake'?

Sally Hawkins - Biography - IMDb Sally Hawkins Jump to: Overview  (2) | Mini Bio  (1) | Trade Mark  (3) | Trivia  (53) | Personal Quotes  (45) Overview (2) 5' 2" (1.57 m) Mini Bio (1) Sally Hawkins was born in 1976 in Lewisham hospital, London, England, to Jacqui and Colin Hawkins, authors and illustrators of children's books. She is of English and Irish descent. Hawkins was brought up in Greenwich, in southeast London. She attended James Allen's Girls' School in Dulwich. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1998. Hawkins' theatre appearances include Much Ado About Nothing (2000), A Midsummer Night's Dream (2000), Misconceptions (2001), Country Music (2004), and David Hare 's adaptation of Federico García Lorca's play The House of Bernarda Alba in 2005. Hawkins made her first notable screen performance as Samantha in the 2002 Mike Leigh film All or Nothing (2002). She also appeared as Slasher in the 2004 film Layer Cake (2004). She played the role of Zena Blake in the BBC adaptation of Sarah Waters' novel, Tipping the Velvet (2002) in 2002. Her first major television role came in 2005, when she played Susan Trinder in the BAFTA-nominated BBC drama Fingersmith (2005), an adaptation of Sarah Waters' novel of the same name, in which she co-starred with Imelda Staunton , as she had in Vera Drake (2004). Since then she has gone on to star in another BBC adaptation, Patrick Hamilton's Twenty Thousand Streets Under the Sky. Hawkins appeared in three episodes of the BBC comedy series Little Britain (2003), in addition to Ed Reardon's Week on BBC Radio 4. She has also contributed to the BBC Radio 4 series Concrete Cow. In 2006, Hawkins returned to the stage, appearing at the Royal Court Theatre in Jez Butterworth's The Winterling. In 2007, she played the lead in a new film of Jane Austen 's Persuasion, and followed this with her critically acclaimed performance in Happy-Go-Lucky (2008). Questions and a minor controversy arose when Hawkins was not nominated for an Academy Award for her performance as Poppy. It was the first year since 2000-01 that the winner of the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy was not nominated for an Academy Award, and the first year since 1995-96 that no one from the category was nominated. During 2006 she also made uncredited appearances in Richard Ayoade 's Man to Man with Dean Learner where she played various uncredited roles from Personal Assistant to Wife of Steve Pising in various deleted scenes included on the DVD. Hawkins' 2009-10 films included Desert Flower (2009), Never Let Me Go (2010), and Happy Ever Afters (2009). In November 2010, she appeared on Broadway as Vivie in Mrs. Warren's Profession. In 2011, Hawkins appeared in Submarine (2010) and had a supporting role in the film adaptation of Jane Eyre (2011). - IMDb Mini Biography By: Lily S. Trade Mark (3) Often works with Mike Leigh Often portrays people of lower class. An apologetic and grateful presence, with a shy and nervous demeanor. Trivia (53) Contributed her writing skills to the BBC Radio 4 comedy show "Concrete Cow". Grew up in southeast London. Graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London. [1998] Attended James Allen Girls' School. Born to Jacqui and Colin Hawkins, noted authors and illustrators of children's books. While Sally has never written any children's book like her parents, she portrayed an author of children's literature in Paddington (2014). Was obsessed with 1940s black and white films in her childhood. Enjoys painting. In 2006, she told a reporter for The Independent that she had been diagnosed with a "chronic condition" (which she did not disclose) that required treatment and which seemed to be responding to treatment. Was an extra on Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999) while attending drama school. At the 86th Academy Awards in 2014, she was the only nominated actor in attendance, not to be given a reaction shot, following her "Oscar clip". Following her clip, the monitor broke down, and a black screen was shown. When the monitor was resu


Children's author Mrs Darrell Waters was better known under which name?

Isle of Purbeck - Enid Blyton   ENID BLYTON -    a teacher, a journalist, and more famously a childrens author.    She was born born 11 August 1897 above a shop in Lordship Lane, East Dulwich, London. She was the eldest child of Thomas Carey and Theresa Blyton. Her father was originally from Sheffield and had to move to London for his employers, a cutlery firm. He was a quite well read man of many interests.    She did go through an early sticky patch health wise when she contracted whooping cough, coming very close to dying.    They were quickly moving home to Chaffinch Road in Beckenham, Kent, and there was soon a brother named Hanley for Enid in 1899. Then another move to Clockhouse Road and another brother called Carey born in 1902.    Thomas had decided his future was not with the firm he had moved for so he started working for a clothes company, naturally with better pay and prospects, which included a move up Clockhouse Road to a house which was larger, and also with a larger garden. This garden Enid recalls in a 1952 biography.    In her formative years she was an enthusiastic reader, especially books like Alice in Wonderland. Was this the start of her passion for writing children's books ? Because her father was quite well read he and Enid bonded very easily to the exclusion of all else, which led to tension in the family environs.    It wasn't just the reading that produced the bond, they would spend many hours walking in the countryside, where he had a willing pupil to pass on his knowledge of nature and wildlife.    From 1907 to 1915 Enid was educated at St Christopher's School in Beckenham where she enjoyed her time and excelled at her endeavours leaving as head girl.    Physical activities she enjoyed along with the academic work, but not maths. She did also enjoy practical jokes which some might consider childish, the childish factor she was to retain for much of her life and surely contribute to her ability to write children's books.           W're not doing guided walks at the     moment, but am planning a massive       Famous Five Adventure Trail 2012 for fans this year, click here:-            During her early years her parents were gradually slipping apart, it was suggested her mother was a difficult woman, or was it the pressure of home and children? Perhaps the fact that Enid was spending so much time with her father instead of learning to be the proverbial mother housekeeper which was pretty normal in those days.    Things became so strained that in 1910 her father moved out having now found another woman, this would have been a traumatic experience for Enid.    They did keep in touch and he provided some family support, but things would never be the same again.    All of this involved meant a move downmarket to Elm Road, but it was still Beckenham.    Into her teens she started producing stories and poems with a vengeance, but with little success until in 1911 an Arthur Mee printed one of her poems in a magazine.    Whilst Enid had musical abilities and her father's family were musical she did not move in that direction, instead she persevered with the writing but was constantly rejected.    Matters took a turn in 1916 when on a farming holiday where she met Ida Hunt who was a teacher. They got on very well, finding that Enid had a natural ability to communicate with children, helping in the first instance at a Sunday school.    This quickly evolved to becoming a trainee-teacher later in 1916. She progressed well and at one point opened her own infants' school.    In 1921 she met Hugh Pollock, a book editor, and her literary life ticked by until early 1922 when a teaching magazine published one of the many stories "Peronel and his Pot of Glue" which was specifically a children's story. During the summer she had a book of poems called "Child Whispers" published. This was going to be the beginning of a serious writing career.    Spurred on by this good fortune she wrote more, but mainly for magazines. More books were to appear in the twenties.    What might seem


Matter is thought to contain two classes of particles, Hadrons and which other?

Particles and Forces | Physics For Idiots Particles and Forces 5.5 Are There Really 4? Before I get into the different types of particle there’s a bit more back story you need. All particles have a property called spin. The spin of a particle has a fixed value that depends only on the type of particle. Spin can also have direction, up or down and the particle carrying the spin can have a handedness, left or right. This gives four possible combinations shown below I admit, this looks quite confusing but it can be possibly simplified with the help of your own left and right hands. If you get your right hand in a grip position with your thumb sticking straight up then your fingers represent the handedness of the particle, or direction of spin, and your thumb represents whether the particle is orientated up or down. For example, if a clock is thrown with its face directed forwards it’s Left-handed. In order to represent its clock hands motion with your gripped fingers and the overall clock flying through the air motion with your thumb you have to use your left hand. Types of Particle Throughout the whole of the known universe there are only 2 types of particle. Particles that make up matter, and particle that carry force. They are the only 2 types found so far. Now you may be thinking that, yes there may only be two categories but I bet they’re filled with hundreds of different subgroups and types. Thankfully this isn’t the case, particles follow specific rules and once you known them everything gets a lot easier. The two groups are called Fermions and Bosons Fermions Fermions are all particles that make up matter. The name comes from the fact that all particles of matter follow a certain set of laws called Fermi-Dirac Statistics, developed by Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac in 1926. All fermions in existence possess half integer spin i.e. 1/2, 3/2, 5/2 etc, for example every electron in the universe possesses a spin of 1/2. Fermions also obey the Pauli exclusion principle. This sounds complicated but it’s relatively simple to describe. What it means is that only certain combinations of matter can exist in the same space, more specifically it states that No two identical fermions may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously For example take Helium. It’s got a lowest energy shell for the electrons. You can put one electron in easy, however the Pauli Exclusion principle says 2 electrons can’t occupy the same quantum state so the second one has to have the opposite spin. This then allows the 2 electrons because spin is part of the quantum state of the electron, so the two electrons are occupying different quantum states. The spin however can only be one of two things, up or down (+1/2 or -1/2). If for example you had a lithium atom, which has three electrons then the third electron can’t fit into the 1st shell. So to fit it in it has to move up to the next shell. The entire Periodic table is built up from this principle. There are two different types of fermions, Leptons and Quarks. Leptons There are six sub-atomic particles that make up the leptons; the Electron and the Electron Neutrino, the Muon and Muon Neutrino (which are basically heavier versions of the Electron and the Electron Neutrino), and the Tau and the Tau Neutrino (which are heavier versions still). The electron, muon and tau all have charges of -1 whereas all the neutrinos have charges of 0 (1)   Quarks Quarks are the other type of matter particle along with the leptons. Like the leptons there are six quarks, grouped in 3 sets of 2, with each successive group basically just a heavier version of the previous. Like the leptons the quarks in each set have a charge difference of 1, but instead of nice whole numbers the charges of quarks come in fractions of e. The six quarks are named Up, Down, Charmed, Strange, Top and Bottom (2)   Hadrons, Mesons and Baryons Physicists seem to love their labels and groups. As soon as you put quarks together in groups then the resultant particles are called Hadrons. But the names and classes don’t stop there. If you make a Hadron o


What physical fact was proven by Foucault's pendulum?

Foucault's Pendulum - Science NetLinks Science NetLinks Ben Ostrowsky, Foucault Pendulum, CC-BY-2.0 via Wikimedia Commons Purpose To understand how the motion of the Foucault pendulum proves that the earth is rotating. Context This lesson will help to expand students' concepts of motion and gravitational force. Motion is as much a part of the physical world as matter and energy. Everything moves—atoms and molecules; the stars, planets, and moons; the earth and its surface and everything on its surface; all living things, and every part of living things. Nothing in the universe is at rest. Most of the time, the relative motion of the earth does not affect our perception of motion. Since everything is moving, there is no fixed reference point against which the motion of things can be described. All motion is relative to whatever point or object we choose. Thus, a parked bus has no motion with reference to the earth's surface; but since the earth spins on its axis, the bus is moving about 1,000 miles per hour around the center of the earth. There is no point in space that can serve as a reference for what is actually moving. However, in 1848, Jean Foucault discovered that when a large pendulum swings, the earth appears to "move under it." In this lesson, students will explore online resources to understand how Foucault used pendulums to show that the earth spins. To prepare for this lesson, students should understand that everything in the universe exerts gravitational forces on everything else, although the effects are readily noticeable only when at least one very large mass is involved (such as a star or planet). Gravity is the force behind the fall of rain, the power of rivers, the pulse of tides; it pulls the matter of planets and stars toward their centers to form spheres, holds planets in orbit, and gathers cosmic dust together to form stars. Gravitational forces are thought of as involving a gravitational field that affects space around any mass. The strength of the field around an object is proportional to its mass and diminishes with distance from its center. For example, the earth's pull on an individual will depend on whether the person is, say, on the beach or far out in space. Changes in motion—speeding up, slowing down, changing direction—are due to the effects of forces. Any object maintains a constant speed and direction of motion unless an unbalanced outside force acts on it. Students should begin to understand how the principle of universal gravitation explains the architecture of the universe and much that happens on the earth. The principle will become familiar from many different examples (star formation, tides, comet orbits, etc.) and from the study of the history leading to this unification of earth and sky. It is important for students to escape the common misconceptions that the earth's gravity does not extend beyond its atmosphere or that it is caused by the atmosphere. (Benchmarks for Science Literacy, p. 96 .) Students will better understand these concepts by exploring Foucault's experiments with pendulums. Planning Ahead Note: If students are not able to perform an online review of the website, About Foucault Pendulums , from the California Academy of Sciences, then print out the About Foucault Pendulums pdf file and make enough copies for each student. Motivation Before asking students to do an Internet exploration about pendulums, discuss with them their current knowledge, addressing any misconceptions. It is recommended that students already have had some instruction on Newton's law, which states that when a body is set in motion, it will move in a straight line from its origin, as long as it is not influenced by outside forces. This was the concept upon which Foucault based his proof that the earth rotates. During the initial discussion, ask students: Why is it important to understand the effects of gravity and motion? (Gravitational force helps explain the architecture of the universe, such as star formation and comet orbits, and much that happens on the earth, such as tides, weather patte