What is name for the holistic, global, comparative study of humans (the comprehensive study of human beings and of their interactions with each other and the environment), which has its intellectual origins in both the natural sciences and the humanities?

Spirituality, Religion, Culture, and Peace: Exploring the Foundation for Inner-Outer Peace in the Twenty-First Century - Groff and Smoker SPIRITUALITY, RELIGION, CULTURE, AND PEACE: EXPLORING THE FOUNDATIONS FOR INNER-OUTER PEACE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Paul Smoker Antioch College "If a man sings of God and hears of Him, And lets love of God sprout   within him, All his sorrows shall vanish, And in his mind, God will bestow   abiding peace." --Sikhism "A Muslim is one who surrenders to the will of Allah and is an establisher   of peace (while Islam means establishment of peace, Muslim means one who establishes   peace through his actions and conduct)."--Islam "The Lord lives in the heart of every creature. He turns them round   and round upon the wheel of Maya. Take refuge utterly in Him. By his grace   you will find supreme peace, and the state which is beyond all change." --Hinduism "The whole of the Torah is for the purpose of promoting peace." --Judaism "All things exist for world peace." --Perfect Liberty Kyodan "Blessed   are the peacemakers for they shall be called sons of God." --Christianity "Peace ... comes within the souls of men when they realize their relationship,   their openness, with the universe and all its powers and when they realize   that at the center of the universe dwells Wakan-Tanka, and that this center   is really everywhere, it is within each of us."--From The Sacred Pipe,   by Black Elk, Lakota Sioux Medicine Man Introduction This paper is about different spiritual and religious traditions in the world  and how they have or could in the future contribute to the creation of a global  culture of peace. As the above quotations indicate, almost all of the world's  religions, in their own sacred writings and scriptures, say that they support "peace". Yet it is a known fact that war and violence have often been  undertaken historically, as well as at present, in the name of religion (as  is discussed further below). Yet religions profess to want peace. So what is  'peace'? And how have religions historically helped to promote peace, and how  might they help create a more peaceful world in the 21st century? These are  a few of the questions that this paper will attempt to explore. Traditionally many people focus on how wars and conflicts are seemingly undertaken  for religious reasons, or at least undertaken in the name of religion. Indeed,  it is not difficult to find data and statistics in support of this hypothesis.  Quincy Wright, in his monumental study, A Study of War , documents numerous  wars and armed conflicts that involve a direct or indirect religious component,  (Wright, 1941) as does Lewis Richardson in his statistical treatise, Statistics  of Deadly Quarrels. (Richardson, 1960) As the Cold War has ended and inter-ethnic conflicts have re-emerged in many  parts of the world, it has indeed been a popular thesis of different writers  to argue that these inter-ethnic conflicts often have a religious component.  A few examples of such recent writing include: Samuel Huntington's, "The  Clash of Civilizations," Foreign Affairs (Summer 1993); Daniel Patrick  Moynihan's Pandaemonium: Ethnicity in International Politics; and R. Scott Appleby,  Religious Fundamentalisms and Global Conflict. Following UNESCO's lead in holding two conferences on "The Contributions  of Religions to a Culture of Peace" (both held in Barcelona, Spain, in  April 1993 and December 1994), and other interfaith dialogues between different  religions that are occurring in a serious way around the planet--including the  World Parliament of Religions, in Chicago, August 1993; 1and the ongoing work  of the World Council on Religion and Peace--this paper will focus instead on  how religious and spiritual traditions can contribute to creating a more peaceful  world via an exploration of the foundations for both inner and outer peace in  the twenty first-century. The paper will have four parts: I. Exoteric/Outer and Esoteric/Inner Aspe


What was the area now known as the Mekong Delta called in the 19th century?

asia discovery travel » Mekong delta Car rentals Mekong delta The Mekong Delta, as a region, lies immediately to the west of Ho Chi Minh City (also called Saigon by locals), roughly forming a triangle stretching fromMỹ Tho in the east to Châu Đốc and Hà Tiên in the northwest, down to Cà Mau and the South China Sea at the southernmost tip of Vietnam, and including the island of Phú Quốc. The Mekong Delta (Vietnamese: Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long “Nine Dragon river delta”), also known as the Western Region (Vietnamese: Miền Tây) is the region in southwestern Vietnam where the Mekong River approaches and empties into the sea through a network of distributaries. The Mekong delta region encompasses a large portion of southwestern Vietnam of 39,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi). The size of the area covered by water depends on the season. The Mekong Delta has recently been dubbed as a “biological treasure trove”. Over 10,000 new species have been discovered in previously unexplored areas of Mekong Delta, including a species of rat thought to be extinct The Mekong Delta region of Vietnam displays a variety of physical landscapes, but is dominated by flat flood plains in the south, with a few hills in the north and west. This diversity of terrain was largely the product of tectonic uplift and folding brought about by the collision of the Indian and Eurasiantectonic plates about 50 million years ago. The soil of the lower Delta consists mainly of sediment from the Mekong and its tributaries, deposited over thousands of years as the river changed its course due to the flatness of the low-lying terrain. The Mekong Delta is the region with the smallest forest area in Vietnam. 300,000 hectares (740,000 acres) or 7.7% of the total area are forested as of 2011. The only provinces with large forests are Cà Mau Province and Kiên Giang Province, together accounting for two thirds of the region’s forest area, while forests cover less than 5% of the area of all of the other eight provinces and cities. The inhabitants of the Mekong Delta region are predominantly ethnic Viet. The region, formerly part of the Khmer Empire, is also home to the largest population ofKhmers outside of the modern borders of Cambodia. The Khmer minority population live primarily in the Trà Vinh, Sóc Trăng, and Muslim Chăm in Tan Chau, An Giang provinces. There are also sizeable Hoa (ethnic Chinese) populations in the Kiên Giang, and Trà Vinh provinces. The region had a population of 17.33 million people in 2011. The population of the Mekong Delta has been growing relatively slowly in recent years, mainly due to out-migration. The region’s population only increased by 471,600 people between 2005 and 2011, while 166,400 people migrated out in 2011 alone. Together with the central coast regions, it has one of the slowest growing populations in country. Population growth rates have been between 0.3% and 0.5% between 2008 and 2011, while they have been over 2% in the neighbouring southeastern region.[10] Net migration has been negative in all of these years. The region also has a relatively low fertility rate, at 1.8 children per woman in 2010 and 2011, down from 2.0 in 2005.   17,330,930 what to do? he most interesting thing to do in Mekong is take a boat ride through canals and visit the floating markets are a very lively scene, accommodating much of the goods exchange throughout the area, and can be quite freely visited on board smaller boat. Followings are some of the most visited floating market of the area. -Cai Rang floating market is the main wholesale floating market near Can Tho. It is better going there early (as early as 06:00), and come back through the small tributaries to Can Tho river; about 1 - 2 hours. -Phong Dien floating market is further upstream the Can Tho river, and worth seeing as it is a retail market. It is very active at dawn, but slows down early too, so you may want to go there by land. The arroyos back to Can Tho are also very much worth a ride on a small boat. -Phung Hiep is much farther away, in the neighboring Hau Giang province, but deser


Which country lies between Libya and Algeria?

Libya’s IS expansion puts Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria under threat Libya’s IS expansion puts Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria under threat Author: Al-Hayat (Pan Arab) Posted March 15, 2015 A political solution in Libya does seem far-fetched. Each time that the parties sit at the dialogue table in Morocco or Algeria — or in Geneva before that — military confrontation is ablaze between the Libya Dawn forces and the Dignity movement. In the meantime, the returnees from Syria fled to Libyan cities, especially Derna and Sirte, on the way to carry out attacks in Tunisia, Algeria and other western and southern neighboring countries. Summary ⎙ Print Already weakened by years of instability and collapse of their economic resources, Egypt, Tunisia and Algeria are the neighboring countries most affected by the Islamic State’s control over Libyan cities. Author Rachid Khachaneh Posted March 15, 2015 TranslatorJoelle El-Khoury Original Article اقرا المقال الأصلي باللغة العربية The lack of state control is burdening the neighboring countries at the social, political and military levels. These countries will have their share of internal destabilization, if the organization [Islamic State] was able to disseminate its dormant and active cells in Libya’s neighboring countries. Months ago, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi had sent his prison mate Abu Nabil Anbari (whose real name is Wissam Abd al-Zubaidi) to contribute to the establishment of an IS branch in Libya and North Africa, in addition to Al-Yamani Shanqeeti, who has already been appointed IS governor of Derna. Anbari is a fierce fighter. After the fall of Mosul, he was the one who led the bloody attack on the cities of Tikrit and Beiji, which he forced the Iraqi forces out of, before he was appointed wali (governor) of Salahuddin province. Egypt can be considered as the neighboring country that is affected the most by IS control over Libyan cities. In addition to the hotbeds, armament and recruitment activities that have come close to Egypt's western border, 21 of its citizens were beheaded. This is not to mention the strident popular reactions and government pressure to respond militarily to this crime. However, what prompted Cairo to refrain from proceeding with the airstrikes is the international reservations about the participation in a broad coalition to strike armed militias in Libya. These reservations were made clearer in Algeria’s rejection of meeting Egypt's call for the military option. They were also seen in the shift in stances in Rome and Paris. Italy and France were the most enthusiastic about engaging in the international coalition to launch raids on IS positions in Libya before they shifted to calling for a political solution. This general position with reservations is in line with the US position, which was expressed by US ambassador to Libya, Deborah Jones. She wrote in a Libya Herald article on the fourth anniversary of Libya’s revolution against Moammar Gadhafi’s regime that “only Libyans can save Libya.” At the social level, the massive return of Egyptian workers to their country will place heavy burdens on the country, in light of the authorities’ inability to provide all or even some of the returnees with employment opportunities. This means that Egypt — which is also busy with its war on armed groups inside the country — is harmed the most by the consequences of Libya becoming a failed state. Tunisia, infiltrated? Tunisia is the second-most affected country by the new crisis in Libya. This is because IS control of the cities and regions in neighboring Libya will destabilize Tunisia , and make it vulnerable to a danger that the country is not yet prepared to counter at all levels. Tunisians are very careful in dealing with the Libyan crisis, in order to keep equal distance from both parties, out of fear that Tunisians working in Libya are kidnapped or killed. The Libyan crisis has left its military, economic and social repercussions on Tunisia. IS expansion into Libya has made the risk of infiltrating into the Tunisian border only a matter of time. This is particularly true since t


What is the chemical formula for copper? | Reference.com What is the chemical formula for copper? A: Quick Answer The element copper has the chemical formula or symbol Cu. This chemical symbol originates from the Latin word “cuprum,” which means “of the Cyprus island.” The atomic number for copper is 29, and it is a member of group 11 on the periodic table. Full Answer People have used copper for thousands of years. Nearly 7,000 years ago, people began to extract and refine this metal from ores. Some ores that contain copper are cuprite, chalcocite, malachite and covellite. In modern times, copper comes from ore deposits in countries such as the United States and Peru. The uses of copper, its alloys and its compounds are extensive. The brass alloy is used to make screws and musical instruments. Similarly, plumbing pipes, wires, jewelry and coins are made from copper. The hydrated copper sulfate compound is utilized as an algicide and in agriculture.


Ayers, Blake's Pride, Concorde and Louise Bonne are types of what?

See Also -   Pear Rootstocks   |  How to grow Pears   |  Tree Forms All  pear fruit trees are pollinated by insects,  however many pear  trees need to be planted near to another apple tree of a different  cultivar (variety) to ensure a good crop, so choosing the right pear tree cultivars is of the utmost importance to avoid  disappointment.  The information below will  make it easy for you to  choose  suitable pear tree(s).     Although there are a few cultivars available which are self fertile,  i.e. they pollinate themselves with no need for another tree, unless you  are absolutely sure of what you are buying, it’s best to err on the side  of caution and buy two different cultivars of pear trees to ensure you  get a reasonable crop of apples.  If you have lots of pear trees nearby  in  neighbouring gardens or allotments, you may get away with buying  just one tree so long as the distance isn’t too great.   Before you buy your trees,  consideration must  be given to the  flowering time of the trees being purchased to guarantee the flowers  from all trees blossom at around the same time so that insects can  cross-pollinate.   Below is a chart showing some popular pear cultivars available which have  been grouped in accordance to their flowering time. It is therefore  important to choose trees which are either in the same group or from  adjacent groups. For example, any tree from group C can be pollinated by any tree from  group B or Group D


What is the name for the home for a pet rabbit?

Housing Your Rabbit Indoors | Rabbit Cages | Bunny Condos Home » Rabbit Care » Housing Your Pet Rabbit Indoors Housing Your Pet Rabbit Indoors At My House Rabbit, we advocate that pet rabbits live inside your home as opposed to outside in a hutch. Not only will you ensure your bunny is protected from severe weather and predators, your bunny will become more of a member of your family when living inside with you because there tends to be more social interaction that way. There are many options for housing your rabbit indoors, including puppy pens, bunny condos, rabbit cages or simply a bunny proofed room. We’ll discuss each option below. Free Reign in a Bunny Proofed Room We prefer to let our pet rabbits have free reign in a bunny proofed room. We chose to keep them in the room we use as an office. A section of the room contains their litter box , hay feeder box, and food dishes on top of a plastic chair mat to catch any spills or accidents. They enjoy the freedom of exploring at a leisurely pace or taking a top speed run whenever they choose to. We provide cardboard castles for them if they feel the need to get away for a while. An example of a rabbit area setup. This works for rabbits who are contained by a puppy pen or roam free in a bunny proofed room. A cardboard castle and other chew toys complete the area. Puppy Pens A great option to consider is setting up a puppy pen (or X-pen) in the corner of a room for your rabbit. A puppy pen can be purchased at many pet supply stores or Amazon . Puppy pens are large enough hold all of the essentials for a rabbit and give them room to roam. They are also easy to move when needed. If you are concerned about your flooring or carpet, you can place a plastic chair mat, piece of linoleum, or an old rug at the bottom of the pen. (Make sure your rabbit doesn’t ingest these materials however, because this can cause blockage. Keeping the edges out of reach helps limit this behavior.) Puppy pens generally do not have tops to them, so make sure you purchase one that is high enough that your rabbit cannot jump over (36 inches or higher). Puppy pens are useful if you intend to eventually give your rabbit free reign in a bunny proofed room. Limiting your rabbit’s space in the beginning will allow him/her to grow accustomed to the location of the food and litter box(es). By gradually increasing the space, your rabbit will not feel overwhelmed by a large area. This helps prevent accidents and lower stress. Bunny Condos If you’re handy, the sky’s the limit when it comes to building bunny condos. You can use wood, metal, re-purposed furniture, and other materials to build a bunny condo. (See our blog post, Modern Bunny Hutch , for an example of a bunny house made from re-purposed IKEA furniture.) One thing to note is that you should never build a rabbit enclosure with chicken wire because rabbits can chew the wire and hurt themselves. Also, if you decide to build with metal, the slats should be fairly close together so your rabbit cannot get his/her head through. Otherwise, your rabbit may get injured or strangled. An easy way to build a bunny condo is with wire storage cubes. Wire storage cubes, available at Target, Walmart, Sam’s Club, and Amazon , can be customized into many different arrangements. Although it can be slightly time-consuming, building a bunny condo out of storage cubes can be a fairly inexpensive option. (For step-by-step instructions on how to build a bunny condo with storage cubes, see the House Rabbit Network website .) Rabbit Cages Of all the housing options, rabbit cages provide the least amount of space for your bunny, so if possible, we recommend trying a pen or bunny condo setup first. However, if you do opt to house your bunny in a large cage, you must ensure the rabbit gets plenty of time of time outside the cage- at least a few hours daily. The options for cages are varied but require a few basics for the well being of your rabbit. Cages must be large enough to accommodate your bunny. The bigger the better! There needs to be room for your rabbit to move about and


What was the first name of Gandhi, the political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement?

Gandhi, Non-Violence and Indian Independence | History Today Gandhi, Non-Violence and Indian Independence Britain , India Empire , Philosophy Benjamin Zachariah helps to debunk the romantic 'Legend of the Mahatma'. Mohandas Gandhi’s reputation as the Indian spiritual and political leader who coordinated and led a successful national struggle for independence against British imperial rule on the strength of a non-violent movement survives largely intact. The legend of Mahatma Gandhi has it that he returned to India from South Africa in 1915, took control of and radically transformed the Indian nationalist movement, and led three great popular movements that eventually wore down the British government and led to Indian independence. These were the Non-Cooperation Movement, 1920-22, in conjunction with the Khilafat Movement for the restoration of the Caliphate in Turkey after the First World War (a coalition he proposed with Muslim political leaders in which he required his colleagues to accept him as Dictator – his word); the Civil Disobedience Movement, 1930-31 (unsuccessfully sought to be revived from 1932 to 1934); and the Quit India Movement of 1942. His ability to give voice to the authentic spirit of the Indian masses, so the story goes, was in stark contrast to those political leaders who used ‘western’ political idioms in pursuit of the goal of Indian independence. Want the full article and website archive access? Already a member? Log in now


The peace treaty, the Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I, was signed between the Allied Powers and which nation?

The Versailles Treaty That Ended WWI By Jennifer Rosenberg Updated March 28, 2016. The Versailles Treaty, signed on June 28, 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in Paris, was the peace settlement between Germany and the Allied Powers that officially ended World War I . However, the conditions in the treaty were so punitive upon Germany that many believe the Versailles Treaty laid the groundwork for the eventual rise of Nazis in Germany and the eruption of World War II . Debated at the Paris Peace Conference On January 18, 1919 - just over two months after the fighting on World War I's Western Front ended - the Paris Peace Conference opened, beginning the five months of debates and discussions that surrounded the drawing up of the Versailles Treaty.  Although many diplomats from the Allied Powers participated, the "big three" (Prime Minister David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and  President Woodrow Wilson  of the United States) were the most influential. Germany was not invited. continue reading below our video Overview: The Treaty of Versailles On May 7, 1919, the Versailles Treaty was handed over to Germany, who was told they had only three weeks in which to accept the Treaty. Considering that in many ways the Versailles Treaty was meant to punish Germany, Germany of course found much fault with the Versailles Treaty. Germany did send back a list of complaints over the Treaty; however, the Allied Powers ignored most of them. The Versailles Treaty: A Very Long Document The Versailles Treaty itself is a very long and extensive document, made up of 440 Articles (plus Annexes), which have been divided into 15 parts. The first part of the Versailles Treaty established the League of Nations . Other parts included the terms of military limitations, prisoners of war, finances, access to ports and waterways, and reparations. Versailles Treaty Terms Spark Controversy The most controversial aspect of the Versailles Treaty was that Germany was to take full responsibility for the damage caused during World War I (known as the "war guilt" clause, Article 231). This clause specifically stated: The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies. Other controversial sections included the major land concessions forced upon Germany (including the loss of all her colonies), the limitation of the German army to 100,000 men, and the extremely large sum in reparations Germany was to pay to the Allied Powers. Also enraging was Article 227 in Part VII, which stated the Allies intention of charging German Emperor Wilhelm II with "supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties." Wilhelm II was to be tried in front of a tribunal made up of five judges. The terms of the Versailles Treaty were so seemingly hostile to Germany that German Chancellor Philipp Scheidemann resigned rather than sign it. However, Germany realized they had to sign it for they had no military power left to resist. Versailles Treaty Signed On June 28, 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , Germany's representatives Hermann Müller and Johannes Bell signed the Versailles Treaty in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles near Paris, France.


Music which consists of at least two independent lines sounding at the same time is most usually called what?

Glossary of Musical Terms Glossary of Musical Terms One or more vocalists performing without an accompaniment. Accelerando - A symbol used in musical notation indicating to gradually quicken tempo. Accessible - Music that is easy to listen to and understand. Adagio - A tempo having slow movement; restful at ease. Allegro - A direction to play lively and fast. Atonal - Music that is written and performed without regard to any specific key. Baroque - Time in music history ranging from the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 17th centuries. Characterized by emotional, flowery music; written in strict form. Beat - The unit of musical rhythm. Cadence - A sequence of chords that brings an end to a phrase, either in the middle or the end of a composition. Cadenza - Initially an improvised cadence by a soloist; later becoming an elaborate and written out passage in an aria or concerto, featuring the skills of an instrumentalist or vocalist. Cadenza - Originally an improvised cadence by a soloist. Later it became a written out passage to display performance skills of an instrumentalist or performer. Canon - A musical form where the melody or tune is imitated by individual parts at regular intervals. The individual parts may enter at different measures and pitches. The tune may also be played at different speeds, backwards, or inverted. Cantabile - A style of singing which is characterized by the easy and flowing tone of the composition. Cantata - Music written for chorus and orchestra. Most often religious in nature. Capriccio - A quick, improvisational, spirited piece of music. Carol - A song or hymn celebrating Christmas. Castrato - Male singers who were castrated to preserve their alto and soprano vocal range. Cavatina - A short and simple melody performed by a soloist that is part of a larger piece. Chamber music - Written for 2 to 10 solo parts featuring one instrument to a part. Each part bears the same importance. Chant - Singing in unison, texts in a free rhythm. Similar to the rhythm of speech. Choir - Group of singers in a chorus. Chorale - A hymn sung by the choir and congregation often in unison. Chord - 3 or 4 notes played simultaneously in harmony. Chord progression - A string of chords played in succession. Chorus - A group singing in unison. Chromatic scale - Includes all twelve notes of an octave. Classical - The period of music history which dates from the mid 1700s to mid 1800s. The music was spare and emotionally reserved, especially when compared to Romantic and Boroque music. Classicism - The period of music history which dates from the mid 1800s and lasted about sixty years. There was a strong regard for order and balance. Clavier - The keyboard of a stringed instrument. Clef - In sheet music, a symbol at the beginning of the staff defining the pitch of the notes found in that particular staff. Coda - Closing section of a movement. Concert master - The first violin in an orchestra. Concerto - A composition written for a solo instrument. The soloist plays the melody while the orchestra plays the accompaniment. Conductor - One who directs a group of performers. The conductor indicates the tempo, phrasing, dynamics, and style by gestures and facial expressions. Consonance - Groups of tones that are harmonious when sounded together as in a chord. Contralto - Two or three melodic lines played at the same time. Courante - A piece of music written in triple time. Also an old French dance. Da Capo - In sheet music, an instruction to repeat the beginning of the piece before stopping on the final chord. Deceptive cadence - A chord progression that seems to lead to resolving itself on the final chord; but does not. Development - Where the musical themes and melodies are developed, written in sonata form. Dissonance - Harsh, discordant, and lack of harmony. Also a chord that sounds incomplete until it resolves itself on a harmonious chord. Drone - Dull, monotonous tone such as a humming or buzzing sound. Also a bass note held under a melody. Duet - A piece of music wri


iat - WHAT DOES A TRICHOLOGIST DO? WHAT DOES A TRICHOLOGIST DO? A trichologist helps people who have problems with their hair or scalp. The client may complain of sudden excessive hair loss from all over the scalp, a bald patch which has suddenly appeared, or itching and excessive scaling of the scalp. These are the sorts of problems a trichologist sees. The trichologist will carefully question each new client and examine the scalp thoroughly to assess the problem and its cause. A microscopic examination of the hair might be required to aid in the diagnosis of the problem. The trichologist must then decide if treatment is necessary and whether the problem is within his or her realm to treat, or should be dealt with by another specialist. Treatment by the trichologist might consist of the application of a particular cream or lotion to the scalp or the use of nutritional therapy.


"Who played James Herriot in the British TV series (1978 1990) ""All Creatures Great and Small""?"

All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) | The World Is Quiet Here The World Is Quiet Here A good place to rest and replenish yourself trackback All Creatures Great and Small was a British television show based upon the books by James Herriot. It ran seven series from 1978-1990 with a break in 1980 when the characters were drawn into World War II so two specials were made in 1983 and 1985. In 1988 the series was revived and continued. Unlike the two previous films, the TV series was able to have more character development as there was so much time available. James Herriot was played by then-unknown Welsh actor Christopher Timothy, well-known actor Robert Hardy (Cornelius Fudge in two of the Harry Potter movies) was Siegfriend Farnon, and his ne’er-do-well brother Tristan Farnon was played by Peter Davison. Helen Alderson, later James Herriot’s wife, was played by Carol Drinkwater (series 1-3 and specials) and Lynda Bellingham (series 4-7, as Carol Drinkwater became unavailable). Mary Hignett was Skeldale House’s housekeeper, Mrs. Hall, who is replaced by a new houskeeper Mrs. Greenlaw (Judy Wilson) in the revived series as Mary Hignett died shortly afterwards at the end of the first three series. The series is very enjoyable to watch and it is quite easy to become glued to it, wondering what happens in the next episode, etc., etc. It’s available on VHS and DVD, some of the DVD special features include “Who’s Who”, a list of the actors and their filmography. All of the episodes I have seen so far are immensely enjoyable and there are always the moments of wit and humour. The episodes are at least an hour in length. The role of Tristan was increased during the first series as Christopher Timothy suffered a car accident and broke his leg (in one episode he is walking with difficulty, the made excuse is that he hurt his ankle) so the script and filming locations were redone (Christopher Timothy was subsequently restricted to studio shooting) for Peter Davison. As far as I know, series 1-6 are available on region 1 DVD (plus the specials). See the article All Creatures Great and Small on Answers.com for more information and a list of the episodes according to the series. Links All Creatures Great and Small on Answers.com – the article mentioned above concerning the TV series and two films previous to the series.


The Matterhorn is on the border between which two countries?

Matterhorn | mountain, Europe | Britannica.com Matterhorn Alternative Titles: Mont Cervin, Monte Cervino Related Topics Pennine Alps Matterhorn, Italian Monte Cervino, French Mont Cervin, one of the best-known mountains (14,692 feet [4,478 metres]) in the Alps , straddling the frontier between Switzerland and Italy , 6 miles (10 km) southwest of the village of Zermatt, Switzerland. Though from the Swiss side it appears to be an isolated horn-shaped peak, it is actually the butt end of a ridge. The Swiss slope is not nearly as steep or as difficult to climb as the grand terraced walls of the Italian slope. The name Matterhorn means roughly “the peak in the meadows,” from the German words Matte (“meadow”) and Horn (“peak”); the Italian and French names likely allude to the antlers of a red deer (Italian: cervo; French: cerf). The Matterhorn overlooking an Alpine valley. © Corbis Learn about the dangers of climbing the Matterhorn. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Learn about a high-altitude hostel on the Matterhorn. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz After a number of attempts, chiefly on the Italian side, the Matterhorn was first conquered from the Swiss arête on July 14, 1865, by the British explorer Edward Whymper , but four of his party fell to their deaths on the descent. Three days later it was scaled from the Italian side by a party of men from the village of Valtournanche, Italy, led by the Italian guide Giovanni Antonio Carrel. It is frequently ascended in summer, especially from Zermatt . The Matterhorn.


The Polisario Front disputes which country for control of the Western Sahara?

Western Sahara profile - BBC News BBC News Close share panel Western Sahara is a sparsely-populated area of mostly desert situated on the northwest coast of Africa. A former Spanish colony, it was annexed by Morocco in 1975. Since then it has been the subject of a long-running territorial dispute between Morocco and its indigenous Saharawi people, led by the Polisario Front. A 16-year-long insurgency ended with a UN-brokered truce in 1991 and the promise of a referendum on independence which has yet to take place. Although under the de facto administrative control of Morocco, the status and sovereignty of Western Sahara remain unresolved and numerous direct talks have failed to break the political deadlock. The Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), declared by the Polisario Front in 1976, is now recognised by many governments and is a full member of the African Union. Home to phosphate reserves and rich fishing grounds off its coast, Western Sahara is also believed to have as yet untapped offshore oil deposits. President of the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic: Brahim Ghali Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Brahim Ghali is one of the founding members of the Polisario Front The Polisario Front proclaimed the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in 1976, with a government in exile in Algeria. Brahim Ghali was elected leader of the Polisario Front and president of the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in July 2016 following the death of long-term president Mohamed Abdelaziz Ezzedine. A seasoned military leader, described both as a "hard-line supporter" and "historic figure", he was one of Polisario's founding members in 1973 and led the first raids against the occupying Spanish forces that sparked the armed struggle for Western Saharan independence. In 2008 he left his post as ambassador to Spain with unresolved charges against him alleging inhumane treatment and the torture of Saharan prisoners, and became the ambassador to Algeria. Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Saharawis say Morocco extracts and exports phosphate rock illegally MEDIA Morocco's state broadcaster RTM operates radio and TV services from Laayoune. On the other side of the political divide, a Polisario-backed mediumwave (AM) radio station is on the air. Radio RTM Laayoune - operated by Moroccan state broadcaster National Radio of the SADR - broadcasts in Arabic and Spanish; launched in the 1970s, the station supports the Polisario Front Television TV Laayoune - operated by Moroccan state broadcaster News agency Some key dates in the history of Western Sahara: Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Morocco emphasised its claim to Western Sahara by bringing thousands of Moroccans into the region during the "Green March" 1884 - Spain colonises Western Sahara, an area formerly populated by Berber tribes. 1934 - Becomes a Spanish province known as Spanish Sahara. 1957 - Newly-independent Morocco lays centuries-old claim to Western Sahara. 1965 - The UN calls for the decolonisation of Western Sahara. 1973 - Polisario Front, the indigenous Saharawi independence movement, is founded. 1975 - Morocco's King Hassan defies a Hague ruling in favour of Saharawi rights to self-determination and stages the "Green March" of 350,000 Moroccans into Western Sahara. Spain transfers administrative control to Morocco and Mauritania. 1975-91 - Polisario Front fights a 16-year-long guerrilla war against Moroccan forces, which ends with a UN-brokered cease-fire. 1975-76 - Morocco annexes two-thirds of Western Sahara after colonial power Spain withdraws. Polisario guerrillas declare the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), with a government-in-exile in Algeria. Thousands of Sahrawi refugees flee to western Algeria to set up camps near the town of Tindouf. 1979 - Mauritania renounces all claims to Western Sahara leaving Morocco to annex its share of the territory. 1991-2000s - UN brokered cease-fire ends war but Morocco has yet to hold an agreed referendum on independence. Numerous UN-sponsored talks have failed to yield a breakthrough. 2016 - Lo


In Greek mythology, which herald had a voice louder than 50 men combined?

BLUE FUNNEL BLUE FUNNEL "ALCINOUS"   -   Painting by Robert Lloyd. "TALTHYBIUS"   -   Courtesy Chris Pownall Chris Pownall sailed as a junior engineer with Blue Funnel in 1967 aboard              the 'TALTHYBIUS" on voyage #43.   The picture above was taken in the              Klang River,  Port Swettenham.   During a trip to the China coast he and other shipmates were              involved in a somewhat hair-raising situation with the Chinese authorities in Shanghai.  He has recently completed his              memoirs which include this story amongst many others.  For further information Chris may be contacted at <  pownall27@btinternet.com > Courtesy Albert Corelli Above, a fine picture from Albert Corelli of the World Ship Society.   The 'CHARON' is pictured              here entering Keppel harbour from the Singapore Roads. From a colour transparency by Paul Boot  -  Courtesy SM ALFRED HOLT "Alfred and Philip Holt conceived the founding of The Ocean              Steam Ship Company in the garden of their father's Liverpool home.  They saw this as the greatest adventure of their              lives and because the Odyssey was for them the finest adventure story ever written they gave Homeric names to all their ships.  They were courageous technical innovators:   they had the vision to embrace the whole Far East in their quest despite              the initial lure of China:  they demanded the highest standards of personal responsibility to match their own self-reliance              and to underpin their refusal to escape through insurance the consequences of their errors and misfortunes:  and they              loved and inspired with their own sense of humanity the brotherhood of their creation.  We may all be grateful for this inheritance and proud to              have adapted and enlarged it in a fashion that our predecessors would have understood and approved.   And in recognition              of our indebtedness we preserve the signature which they adopted as the embodiment of that spirit of selfless and anonymous              service which has always animated and still binds together our whole company".   Alfred Holt 1829-1911 The following text extracts were taken from the August 2003 edition of SHIPS MONTHLY. Articles and images are from the collection              of Roy Fenton. Some of these images are copyright and should not be copied or forwarded without the express permission of              the originator. Alfred Holt was fascinated with steam engines as a boy, and served an              apprenticeship as a mechanical engineer with the Liverpool & Manchester Railway.  At the time,  the steam locomotive              represented the cutting edge of technology,  using boiler pressures much higher than those employed in marine and stationary              engines.  In 1851 a recession in the railway business led Holt to join Lamport & Holt,  the shipping business              of his older brother George.  He involved himself in fitting the engines in the company's ORONTES which he accompanied              on her first voyage to the Mediterranean.   In 1852, at only 23, he had the confidence to set himself up in Liverpool              as a consulting engineer.  But his horizons were broader, and Holt became part owner of the steamer DUMBARTON YOUTH.  She was not exceptional,  and her main claim to fame is that Holt gave her the first blue funnel.  With finance              from family members,  a small fleet was built up to trade with the West Indies.  Competitiion proved too intense              so Holt looked to UK-Far East trade although,  because of the huge distances involved,  the sailing ship was seen              as unassailable in this trade.  Holt proved this


In film and photography, what is the name for the distance in front of and behind the subject which appears to be in focus?

Depth of Field Table Depth of Field Table To print the background color with the chart, enable background color printing in your browser. Hyperfocal, near, and far distances are calculated using these equations. Circles of confusion for digital cameras are listed here. Depth of Field Definition Depth of field refers to the section of a photograph that appears to be in sharp focus. Night and Low-Light Photography Workshop , Alan Hess, 2011 When an object is in focus, everything from a certain distance in front of the object to a certain distance behind the object will also be in reasonably sharp         focus. This distance from front to back that will be in reasonably sharp focus is called the depth of field. How to Use Your Camera, New York Institute of Photography, 2000. Hyperfocal Distance Definition If you set the camera's focus to the hyperfocal distance, your depth of field will extend from half of the hyperfocal distance to infinity—a much deeper depth of field. Complete Digital Photography , Ben Long, 2012. Hyperfocal is a combination of distance and aperture that produces the sharpest image and greatest depth of field possible for a given lens.


In 1992, Boutros Boutros-Ghali became head of what organisation?

Boutros Boutros-Ghali top tweets - Tag the Bird USA Look back at Boutros Boutros-Ghali's tenure as Secretary-General in this @UN_Photo gallery: Remembering Boutros Boutros-Ghali The Egyptian diplomat, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, became the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations on 1st January 1992. He guided the organisation through a tumultuous early 1990's and helped shape the UN response to post-Cold War realities, drafting a seminal report on preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping. He died in Cairo on 16th February 2016 aged 93.


What was the name of the security organisation that operated in East Germany during the Cold War?

Cold War     The Berlin Wall A General Overview of the Cold War     The Cold War was an ideological war between the two world superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, beginning after World War Two.  After the war, Germany was left defeated, and Britain and France were left drained and exhausted.  The United States and the Soviet Union, though also drained, held considerable power, and both soon rose to superpower status.  The two became rivals through "conflicting ideologies and mutual distrust"1, and constantly competed for power.     The Soviet Union wanted to spread Communism in Eastern Europe and create a "buffer zone" of friendly governments as defense against Germany.  In 1946, with Eastern Europe under Soviet control and influence, Europe was divided into a West (western democracies and the United States) bloc and East (Soviet Union and Soviet occupied territory) bloc.  An "iron curtain" separated Europe. Germany Divided     The aftereffects of World War Two were what shaped Cold War Germany.  The post-war state of Germany was grim: about 1/4 of housing had been destroyed, the economic infrastructure had largely collapsed, inflation was rampant, there was a shortage of food, and millions of homeless Germans from the east were returning.  After its unconditional surrender, Germany was divided into four zones of Allied military occupation: American, French, British, and Soviet.  The old capital of Berlin was also divided into four zones, but Berlin itself remained inside of the Soviet zone.  In 1949, the French, British, and American zones merged and formed the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublic Deutschland), with its capital city Bonn.  Also in 1949, the Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Demokratische Republik) with the Soviet sector of Berlin as the capital.     West Germany became a suprisingly stable western democracy.  A new policy required a 5% vote for a political party to be represented in the Bundestag (the upper legislative house), in order to prevent any small extremist parties from gaining representation too easily.  This was what brought the downfall of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazi Party, after all.     East Germany was established as a Stalin-style Socialist state.  It became a member of the Warsaw Pact and came to have one of the most advanced economies and standard of living of the Soviet-bloc states (though that's not saying much, as it still lagged behind West Germany).  The East German government was formed into a centralized and dictatorial regime.  The State Security Police (Stasi) maintained the Soviet expectation of the people.  Free speech and opinions against the regime were not tolerated, and artistic and intellectual programs were strongly controlled.     The partition and division of Germany drove a block in between both United States to Russia relations and West German to East German relations.  The Allies were at the same time trying to be forgiving to the Germans for World War Two while also insuring that the Germans could never again begin the expansionism that had led to the two previous wars.     During the Cold War, Germany became the center for all the tensions between Democracy and Communism.  The location of Germany as the gateway between East and West Europe made it the ideal place for these political struggles to occur.  When Russia had tried to expand in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, they were checked by the rising power of the German state.  Therefore, after Germany fell in World War Two, Russia attempted to begin its expansion across a now weakened Europe.     The end of World War Two left Russia in possession of all of Germany up to 300 miles west of Berlin.  This new annexation caused the powers in Europe to become unbalanced and Russia replaced Germany as the country that was getting too big. Contrary to their actions against rising powers in the past, England did not try to stop the Russian expansion.  They did this because they thought it preferable to give Russia parts of Germany over


What is the name of the chemical that naturally occurs in sheep's wool?

Home LANIS Lanolin: Perfect Performance, Naturally Lanolin is a natural moisturizer with powerful emollient and protective properties. Humans have valued its well-tolerated beneficial qualities for thousands of years. Nowadays this unique, created by nature substance is widely used in many products and various technical applications. Our range of LANIS Lanolins offers highest performance, naturally.


Otto Lilienthal was an inventor whose designs and practice led to the first practical what in the 1890s?

Inventor Archive | Lemelson-MIT Program Lemelson-MIT Program Resources › Inventor Archive Edward Acheson Carborandum Edward Goodrich Acheson (1856-1931), inventor of carborundum, was born in Washington, Pennsylvania on March 9, 1856. Carborandum, a substance he developed in his laboratory, became known as a highly effective abrasive used in manufacturing and was an important influence during the industrial era. Deborah Adler ClearRx Prescription System The standard, yellowish-colored, round plastic pill bottle has been a familiar fixture in the typical American's medicine cabinet for decades. The bottles' small print and round surface often makes it tricky to read what their contents are, and when and how the patient should take the pills inside. Robert Adler TV Wireless Remote Robert Adler held 180 patents for electronics devices, whose applications run from the esoteric to the everyday; he was best known as the "Father of the TV Remote Control."   Harvard Mark 1 Computer Electrical engineer, physicist, and computing pioneer, Howard Hathaway Aiken was born in 1900 in Hoboken, New Jersey. Moshe Alamaro Aerial Reforestation Moshe Alamaro developed a revolutionary method of battling global warming as a graduate student in Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The method was planting new trees from the air.  Ernst Alexanderson Broadcast and Audio Recording Electrical engineer and inventor Ernst Fredrick Werner Alexanderson developed pioneering technological concepts during the early 20th century that contributed to the birth of the broadcasting industry.  Randice-Lisa Altschul Disposable Cell Phone Randice-Lisa "Randi" Altschul is proof that lack of expertise in a certain field need not restrict an inventor from creating an exciting new product in that area. Blanche Ames Blanche Ames’ name is familiar to many for her varied accomplishments as an artist, botanical researcher, and activist. Her truly pioneering spirit and action-oriented attitude also led her to create a number of inventions, adding to her reputation in the early 20th century as somewhat of “renaissance woman.” Betsy Ancker-Johnson Gigacycle Range Signal Generator Betsy Ancker-Johnson began a uniquely diverse and illustrious career in physics, engineering, and public service just after World War II. Mary Anderson Windshield Wipers In 1903, it rarely occurred to anyone that rain on a moving vehicle’s windshield was a problem that could be eliminated. Momofuku Ando Instant Noodles You’d be hard-pressed to find a college student or an office worker who hasn’t enjoyed a quick, easy, and tasty meal ofin instant ramen noodles. Marc Andreeson and Eric Bina Internet Browser Technology The age of the Internet continues to be one filled with tremendous opportunity for young, up-and-coming technologists to make their marks on the world early in their careers. Virginia Apgar The Newborn Scoring System Born on June 7, 1909, Virginia Apgar lived to be a trailblazer: one of Columbia University's first female M.D.s (1933) and one of the first American women to specialize in surgery. Archimedes Archimedes' Screw Mathematician and inventor Archimedes lived more than 2000 years ago, but his life has had a profound and lasting impact on the world. Edwin H. Armstrong FM Radio Edwin Howard Armstrong, the "father of FM radio," was born on December 18, 1890 in New York City. He grew up in Yonkers, New York and knew by the age of fourteen that he wanted to become an inventor. Barbara Askins New Film Developing Method The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, was in its heyday when the organization established The Marshall Space Flight Center, named for General George C. Marshall, in 1960. Mike Augspurger Titanium bicycle frames A natural inclination toward outdoor sports led Indiana native Mike Augspurger to come up with several inventions that would help the disabled to enjoy the sport of competitive cycling. Tim Avila ZSweet® Many of us have a sweet tooth but may not be able to enjoy the foods we like too often because of the effects


Emilio Estefan, Julio Iglesias, Vicente Fernndez, Gilberto Gil and Carlos Santana were the first 5 recipients of which award from 2000 to 2004?

Juan Gabriel - WikiVisually FEATURED ARTICLES · CHANGE LANGUAGE · hover over links in text for more info click links in text for more info Juan Gabriel Jump to: navigation , search For other people named Juan Gabriel, see Juan Gabriel (disambiguation) . This name uses Spanish naming customs : the first or paternal family name is Aguilera and the second or maternal family name is Valadez. Juan Gabriel Juan Gabriel at Pepsi Center in 2014 Background information Alberto Aguilera Valadez ( Spanish pronunciation:  [alˈberto aɣiˈleɾa βalaˈðes] ; January 7, 1950 – August 28, 2016), [1] better known by his stage name Juan Gabriel ( pronounced:  [ˈxwaŋ ɡaˈβɾjel] ), was a Mexican singer and songwriter. [1] [2] Colloquially nicknamed as Juanga [3] ( pronounced:  [ˈxwaŋɡa] ) and El Divo de Juárez, Gabriel was known for his flamboyant style, which broke barriers within the Latin music market. [4] [5] Having sold over 100 million copies worldwide, Juan Gabriel is among Latin America 's best-selling singer-songwriters . [6] His nineteenth studio album, Recuerdos, Vol. II , holds the distinction of being the best-selling album of all time in Mexico , with over eight million copies sold. [7] During his career, Juan Gabriel wrote around 1,800 songs. [5] Among his most recognized penned songs are "Amor Eterno", "Querida", "Yo No Nací Para Amar", " Hasta Que Te Conocí ", "El Noa Noa", " No Tengo Dinero ", " Abrázame Muy Fuerte ", "Te lo Pido por Favor", "En Esta Primavera", "Pero Qué Necesidad", "Te Sigo Amando", "Siempre en Mi Mente, " De Mí Enamórate ", and "Lo Pasado, Pasado", among others; all of them, performed by him and many other artists. [8] On August 28, 2016, Juan Gabriel died of a heart attack at his home in Santa Monica, California , while still on a tour in the United States . Gabriel was posthumously awarded two Latin Grammy Awards for his album, Los Dúo, Vol. 2 . Contents Early life[ edit ] Alberto Aguilera Valadez was born on January 7, 1950, in Parácuaro , Michoacán . [9] The son of farmers Gabriel Aguilera Rodríguez and Victoria Valadez Rojas, he was the youngest of ten siblings. [9] During his childhood, his father was interned into a psychiatric hospital . [10] Due to this, his mother moved to Ciudad Juárez , Chihuahua , and he was put in the El Tribunal boarding school where he remained eight years. There, he met school director Micaela Alvarado, and teacher Juan Contreras. [9] Aguilera became very close with Contreras, then escaped El Tribunal and lived with him for a year when he was 13. [10] In the same year, Aguilera composed his first song. [11] At 14 Aguilera returned to live with his mother in the center of the town. [10] He became interested in a local Methodist Church and met the sisters Leonor and Beatriz Berúmen, who took him in. [9] There he sang in the choir and helped by cleaning the church. [10] In 1965, Aguilera debuted on the Notivisa (now Gala TV Ciudad Juárez ) television show Noches Rancheras. [9] [10] Host Raúl Loya gave him the pseudonym Adán Luna. In the program, he sang the song "María la Bandida" by José Alfredo Jiménez . [9] [10] From 1966 to 1968, he started to work as a singer at the Noa-Noa bar. [9] [10] During this period, he wrote the song " El Noa Noa ". [9] He also worked as a singer in other bars in the town. [10] Later, he traveled to Mexico City looking for opportunities at record companies, but he was rejected. [9] [10] He returned to Juárez, where he continued working as a singer. [10] The next year, he tried again to be signed by a record label. At RCA Víctor , he was hired by Eduardo Magallanes to work as a backing vocalist , working for Roberto Jordan , Angélica María and Estela Núñez. [10] In 1970, he resigned because he received insufficient payment and returned to work the bars in Juárez. [10] As people told him he would have success if he tried again, he returned to Mexico City a third time the next year. Not having enough money, Aguilera slept in bus and train stations. [10] At a certain point, he was wrongly accused of robbery, [12] and was imprisoned in the Palacio de Lec


What are Argon, Helium, Nitrogen, Neon and Xenon?

Universal Industrial Gases, Inc...Rare Gases - Neon, Krypton, Xenon Properties, Uses, Applications Interesting Facts and Information about the "Rare Gases":   The so-called "rare" gases Neon    (Ne), Krypton (Kr)    and Xenon (Xe), are present in air in very low concentrations.  Like    the other "noble" or "inert" gases, helium (He), argon (Ar) and    radon (Rn), Neon, Krypton    and Xenon remain in the air because they do not combine with other    materials to form solid or liquid compounds. All of these gases are  monatomic.  Neon, Krypton    and Xenon are valued for their light emitting properties when electrically    charged.  Krypton and Xenon are also valued for their total inertness coupled with high molecular    weight (83.80 and 131.30, respectively).  Krypton and Xenon are about    two to three times as heavy as argon (molecular weight 39.95)  and    approximately three to four times as heavy as nitrogen (molecular weight    28.0) which is used as in inert gas in many applications, but is not a    true inert gas. These properties are put to good use in multi-pane windows    to reduce heat loss due to convection between the panes; and in light    bulbs, where their high molecular weight slows evaporation of the hot    tungsten filament, leading to longer useful operating life.  Krypton    and Xenon have also been considered for a more exotic application - as the    propulsion gas for deep space exploration using ion engines.  Neon, Krypton and Xenon can be economically recovered by adding     additional purification steps in large air separation plants or ammonia     production plants (which use large amounts of air as a raw material).  The boiling point of Neon is     significantly lower than nitrogen (lower than all the gases except     helium and hydrogen). It can be used as a very low temperature working     fluid in refrigeration cycles.  Neon can be recovered from large nitrogen plants as well as multi-product air     separation units.  Krypton and Xenon have higher     boiling points than oxygen, from which they can be separated by     distillation in air separation plants.  When these products are     recovered from ammonia plant purge gas, the neon must be separated from     hydrogen and nitrogen, and the krypton and xenon from methane.       All of the naturally inert or "noble" gases are members of "Group 18" of the Periodic    Table.          Group 18     materials have a complete outermost electron shell; the "valence" shell    that is highly involved in the formation of compounds.  Moving    down the Periodic Table from Helium, to Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and    Radon, the valence shells are located further from the nucleus, above the    previous element's valence shell.  Helium has two valence electrons,    the other noble gases have eight.     Rare Gases Applications and Uses for Neon (Ne), Krypton (Kr)    and Xenon (Xe):   Lighting: Neon is     commonly recognized as the gas that produces the glow in "neon" lights (which often contain other gases as well).  Neon's natural red color can be turned into a wide range of effective     decorative lighting colors by mixing neon with other gases, by using colored glass tubes or     by depositing fluorescent powder coatings inside the glass tubes. Neon is also used     to produce a red glow in     indicator lamps and lasers. Krypton is     used in halogen sealed beam headlights to increase light output by     allowing thinner filaments to be used with acceptable useful lifetimes.     Krypton is     also used in in lasers, in particular mixed with     fluorine to create an "excimer" mixture that is a precursor to a molecule which exists in the excited state but not in the ground     state.  In excimer lasers, the gas mixture is pulsed to form     short-lived excited molecules which release energy by light emission as     th


The three countries which border the Gulf of Aden are the Yemeni Republic, the Republic of Djibouti, and...?

Djibouti Send me a copy Subject: Email addresses provided here will be used solely to email the link indicated. They will not be saved, shared, or used again in any manner whatsoever. The CAPTCHA code you entered is not valid, please reenter the CAPTCHA code Djibouti Official Name: Republic of Djibouti Last Updated: December 29, 2016 Embassy Messages Djibouti City, Republic of Djibouti Telephone: +(253) 21-45-30-00 (Sunday to Thursday, 8:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m.) Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(253) 77-877-229 Email: ConsularDjibouti@state.gov Destination Description See the Department of State’s Fact Sheets on Djibouti for information on U.S. - Djibouti relations. Entry, Exit & Visa Requirements Visit the Embassy of Djibouti website for the most current visa information. Obtain your visa prior to travel. Thirty-day visas may be issued on arrival at the discretion of immigration authorities (fee is 15,000 Djiboutian francs/$90) but cannot be guaranteed. Overseas inquiries should be made at the nearest Djiboutian embassy or consulate. Contact the French embassy in countries where there is no Djiboutian consular presence. World Health Organization (WHO) card with yellow fever vaccination, if you have arrived from a yellow-fever prone country If you are traveling to Djibouti in support of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) activities, follow directions per the Foreign Clearance Guide. Journalists require a letter of accreditation approved in advance by the Ministry of Communication and Culture . U.S. journalists and other journalists working for U.S.-based media institutions should contact the U.S. Embassy’s Public Affairs section at least two weeks prior to travel to facilitate this accreditation process. Journalists who fail to receive an accreditation letter risk arrest, seizure of equipment, and/or expulsion. The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to, or foreign residents of, Djibouti. Find information on dual nationality , prevention of international child abduction , and customs information on our websites. Safety and Security Regional terrorist groups continue to threaten Western interests and can easily cross borders to conduct attacks in public places where Westerners congregate. Civil unrest or armed conflict in the neighboring countries of Ethiopia , Eritrea , Yemen , and Somalia affect the security situation in Djibouti. A large number of refugees and asylum seekers from across the region, including Somali refugees and asylum seekers from Ethiopia, have settled in the Ali Addeh Camp near Ali Sabieh, and refugees from Yemen continue to settle in the Markazi refugee camp near Obock. Tensions along the Djibouti-Eritrea border exist from an ongoing border dispute, necessitating approval from the Djibouti government before travel north of Obock. Border skirmishes may occur intermittently. Many border areas between Djibouti and both Ethiopia and Somalia lack visible demarcation and may still contain landmines. Avoid demonstrations and use vigilance during your movements around the country. Even events intended to be peaceful can become violent. Security forces have at times relied on force to disperse protesters Maintain caution at large gatherings and in areas frequented by foreigners. See traveling safely abroad for travel tips. Local Laws & Special Circumstances Criminal Penalties:  You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Convictions for possessing, using, or trafficking in illegal drugs result in long prison sentences and heavy fines. Although the narcotic khat is legal in Djibouti, it is illegal in many countries, including the United States. Some laws are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on crimes against minors abroad and the Department of Justice website. The Embassy operates within the legal and administrative framework of Djibouti, and cannot intervene in criminal and civil matters including judicial proceedings, private con


Zonker, Boopsie and Roland Hedley appear in which comic strip?

Doonesbury's Store Books Old-Media ownables, Attractively Priced If you've always dreamed of owning a Doonesbury book, but couldn't find one in the remainder bin, then you ought to think about paying full price. Just click below, and we'll make it happen before you can have second thoughts. Buy the Book: Yuge! Thirty Years of Doonesbury on Trump He tried to warn us… Ever since the first Trump-for-President trial balloon popped up in 1987, Doonesbury creator Garry Trudeau has been sounding the alarm, spotlighting the unsavory career of the most unfit candidate to ever covet that famous tear-down on Pennsylvania Avenue. “People tell me I should be flattered,” was Trump’s initial response to appearing in Doonesbury, but the boasting barely lasted a few news cycles. Before long, he’d moved on to confusion (“Most people are like me; they don’t comprehend what Trudeau’s trying to achieve”), followed by prevarication, (“Actually, I don’t read his stuff”), wishful thinking (“It seems very few people read what he writes”), whining (“It’s too bad that he’s allowed to write this garbage”), and finally, a torrent of name-calling (“sleazeball,” “third-rate talent,” “jerk,” “total loser”). Now assembled for the first time are all the strips which have given the big, orange airhorn such fits over the years. Published just in time for the political conventions, Yuge! 30 Years of Doonesbury on Trump brings together all of Trudeau’s skillful, laser-focused and wickedly funny strips about all things Trump. Paperback, 8 1/2 x 9 inches, 112 pages, Color. Buy the Book: The Weed Whisperer Welcome to the age of pivots. Two centuries after the Founding Fathers signed off on happiness, Zonker Harris and nephew Zipper pull up stakes and head west in hot pursuit. The dream? Setting up a major grow facility outside Boulder, CO, and becoming bajillionaire producers of "artisanal" marijuana. For Zonk, it's the crowning reset of a career that's ranged from babysitting to waiting tables. For Walden-grad Zip, it's a way to confront $600,000 in student loans. Elsewhere in Free Agent America, newlyweds Alex and Toggle are struggling. Twins Eli and Danny show up during their mother's MIT graduation, but a bad economy dries up lab grants, compelling the newly-minted PhD to seek employment as a barista. Meanwhile, eternally blocked writer Jeff Redfern struggles to keep the Red Rascal legend-in-his-own-mind franchise alive, while aging music icon Jimmy T. endures by adapting to his industry's new normal: "I can make music on my schedule and release it directly to the fans." He's living in his car. Hardcover, 8 1/2 x 9 inches, 176 pages, Color. Buy the Book: Squared Away This all-color volume celebrates the marriage of Alex and Toggle, an event which optimistically confirms that life, like Doonesbury, rolls on. Gathering their kith and kin around them at Walden, the wise but wounded soldier-artist and the brilliant but insecure techhead make a promising team for the years ahead, well-rounded yet squared away. Doonesbury’s fifth decade finds the largest rep company in the history of comic strips fully and widely engaged. Like so many flesh-and-blood fellow citizens, key characters now struggle with dramatic career change and job stress. And the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan continue to reverberate through the lives of others, as the strip illuminates their experiences with an attentiveness unparalleled in popular culture. Amid the relentless unfolding of unexpected storylines, the strip’s second and third generation characters increasingly take center stage, and the youngest regular, Sam, comes of age -- literally in the blink of an eye – as the newlyweds prepare to welcome twins. Hardcover, 8 1/2 x 9 inches, 240 pages, Color. Buy the Book: Red Rascal's War The many critics and readers who were wowed by G.B. Trudeau’s epic anthology 40: A Doonesbury Retrospective can now rejoice in this beautiful follow-up volume – the first all-color Doonesbury collection ever. Red Rascal’s War features the proto-legendary exploits of Afghan slacker hero Sorkh Razil (aka Jeff R


Military signals are given on which musical instrument?

A very brief history of the trumpet and bugle through the 18th Century Ancient rituals   Early trumpets  bear little resemblance to trumpets and bugles used today. They were  straight instruments with no mouthpiece and no flaring bell. Used as  megaphones instead of a true ï¿½lip reedï¿½ instrument that was blown, these  instruments were used to distort the human voice enough to ï¿½dispel evil  spirits.ï¿½ Trumpets were often representative of male virility and were  played only by males. Percussion instruments, representative of the  womb, were often performed exclusively by females with their bare hands.(1)   Ancient trumpets  were used at religious ceremonies, magical rites, circumcisions, burials  and sunset ceremonies ï¿½ to ensure that the disappearing sun would  return. Women were sometimes excluded from any contact with the  instrument, in some Amazon tribes, any woman who even glanced at a  trumpet was killed.(2)  Trumpets such as these can still be found in the primitive cultures of  New Guinea and northwest Brazil, as well as in the form of the  Australian didjeridu.(3)     A didjeridu is typically constructed of bamboo or hollowed    out wood and can range in length from 1 meter to 2.5 meters.     Throughout ancient  civilization, the color red was associated with early trumpets. This  could probably be explained by the presence of blood at the various  ï¿½rites of passageï¿½ at which these instruments were often used. The color  red remained closely associated with music through the centuries, even  being retained in many of the uniforms of present day military  musicians.   Other aspects of  military field music could have also evolved from ancient rituals.  Specifically, the use of trumpets during military burials and at sunset  is a concept still utilized by American and European militaries.   Early applications of  the trumpet   The military  culture of early civilization utilized instruments for the purpose of  conducting war. Specimens of ancient trumpet-type devices are documented  in nearly every culture including those of the Ancient Egyptians,  Assyrians, Israelites, Greeks, Etruscans, Romans, Teutonic Tribes,  Celts, as well as Asian cultures. These instruments were used for  religious ceremonial functions as military signaling devices.(4)   Bronze    Age Lurs of Brudevaelte , Denmark The Bronze Age of  the Teutonic tribes yielded the mysterious lur. Little is known  of the purpose of this instrument excavated in pairs from the moors of  Sweden, Denmark, North Germany, and Ireland. They were cast in brass and  demonstrate remarkable craftsmanship. Theses instruments utilize a  conical bore similar to an animal horn, but feature an ornamented flat  disk instead of a bell flare.(5)   Military music  produced by other early trumpets were often little more than one or two  crude pitches that were produced by the vibration of the playerï¿½s lips.  These instruments were used to maneuver soldiers into battle and  announce victory or retreat.   Greeks included  trumpet playing in their early Olympic games. Instead of musicality,  these signalers played a salpinx and were more likely adjudicated  on the greatness of their volume and endurance. A trumpeter named Achias  won Olympic honors three times and had a column of honor erected in his  name to celebrate his excellence.(6)   Drawing of a Greek musician playing a Salpinx (from    tapsbugler.com)   Signal musicians  used as an integral part of a military organization appear first in the  Roman Legion. These musicians, called aenatores, utilized a wide  variety of instruments derived from the Etruscans, each with a specific  function. A collection of 43 signals for these instruments are evident  by AD 200 in the Roman Army. Standardized signals fell out of favor  after the demise of the Roman Empire, not to appear again until the late  eighteenth century.(7)   The trumpets use in the  Bible   The trumpet served  an important function thr


How many countries in South America have land which lies south of the equator?

What countries lie on the equator? | Reference.com What countries lie on the equator? A: Quick Answer The Equator is an imaginary line that passes through the countries of Ecuador, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sao Tome and Principe, Gabon, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, the Maldives, Indonesia, Kiribati, Colombia, and Brazil. Although the Equator passes through the territory of the Maldives, it does not cross any dry land in the island nation, and whether the equator touches land in Kiribati is uncertain. Full Answer The Equator is situated at a latitude of 0 degrees. It is used as a point of reference for dividing the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The equator is the only line on Earth that is considered a great circle. Only about 20 percent of the Equator's length crosses land. The Earth's circumference is about 24,860 miles at the poles but is 24,900 miles at the equator at the Equator because of equatorial bulge. Locations along the Equator have the same amount of day and night time, 12 hours each, throughout the year. Countries situated along the Equator also have a relatively consistent climate throughout the year, which is generally warm and humid year round due to the amount of solar radiation they receive, with occasional periods of heavy precipitation or aridity.


Who in the 16th century founded the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits?

BBC Religion & Ethics - The Society of Jesus: Who are the Jesuits? The Society of Jesus: Who are the Jesuits? Who are the Jesuits? The Society of Jesus is a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church Pope Francis is the first member of the Society of Jesus to be elected pontiff. So who are the Jesuits? According to the all-male Society, there are 20,000 Jesuits working in more than 100 countries, with 200 members in the UK in parishes, schools, colleges and spirituality centres. Jesuits take vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Around three-quarters of Jesuits are priests, but there are also 2,000 Jesuit brothers (men who take vows but are not ordained) and almost 4,000 'scholastics' (men studying for the priesthood). There was initial speculation that the Pope chose the name Francis after one of the order's founding fathers, St Francis Xavier , but it has been confirmed that the choice is in honour of St Francis of Assisi , who died centuries before it began. The Jesuit motto is Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam - For the greater glory of God. Reformation response The society was founded as an answer to the Reformation by a Spanish knight, Ignatius Loyola, in 1539. It secured papal approval in 1540. An incredibly influential order, members of the society were heavily involved in European politics from the offset. Jesuits were implicated in plots to overthrow Elizabeth I. They were also associated with the Gunpowder plot to destroy Parliament, after James I made the order illegal. During this time all Catholics in Britain were told they must recant their catholicism or face death. The term Jesuit was first applied to the society as a reproach and was never employed by its founder, though members and friends of the society later accepted the name. Today Jesuits continue to be one of the most influential groups in the Roman Catholic church. Further advanced studies - often three to five years Tertianship, further study of the Jesuits - seven/nine months or two years Candidate takes final vows and becomes a Jesuit priest or brother Their alleged influence over monarchs and leading figures led to envy and the suppression of the society during the late 18th Century, but they were re-established in 1814. The society has a strong educational focus. During the 16th and 17th Centuries the Jesuits grew rapidly, founding missionaries, schools, colleges, and seminaries around Europe. By the 17th Century there were more than 500 Jesuit schools established across Europe. The Jesuits' standardised curriculum and teaching methods became the basis of many education systems today. The Jesuits were great patrons of art, using murals and theatres to convey their message to as a wide an audience as possible. The Spanish Inquisition The Jesuits are famous for their role in the Spanish Inquisition, though contrary to popular opinion the Jesuit order did not begin it. The inquisition was set up in 1480, 60 years before the Papal bull that formalised the creation of the Society of Jesus. The Spanish Inquisition was originally overseen by members of the Dominican order, though members of the Jesuit brotherhood were involved at a later date. Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition was not formally disbanded until 1834, though its influence had significantly dwindled prior to that date. The Inquisition was famous for its use of torture to elicit confessions from accused 'heretics'. It was believed that confessions extracted after torture must be true, an idea that was later dispelled. Jesuits today The Jesuits continue to serve the Church and wider community in a wide range of ministries, most notably in Catholic parishes and in education - from preparatory level, through secondary schools to university colleges. They place great emphasis on retreats and spiritual direction based on the spiritual exercises of Saint Ignatius. The Jesuit Refugee Service, set up by Fr Pedro Arrupe SJ in 1980, works with poor and disadvantaged communities in more than 50 countries. Jesuits continue to work in the fields of art and science, in particular at the Vatic


"Who appeared in the films ""The Parent Trap"" (1998), ""Freaky Friday"" (2003), ""Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen"" (2004), ""Mean Girls"" (2004), ""Herbie: Fully Loaded"" (2005), ""Bobby"" (2006) and ""Machete"" (2010)?"

Lindsay Lohan     - IMDb Lindsay Lohan Actress | Soundtrack | Producer


"Two of the characters in the US TV sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"" are fans of work by whom, the source for their respective names?"

List of The Big Bang Theory characters | The Big Bang Theory Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia List of The Big Bang Theory characters 1,132pages on Share The Big Bang Theory cast- Season 9 The following is a list of characters from the American situation comedy The Big Bang Theory created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady , which premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007. It concerns two prodigies in their 20s, one a theoretical physicist and the other an experimental physicist, who work at Caltech and live across the hall from a waitress with show-biz aspirations. Their geekiness and intellect are contrasted by her social skills and common sense. Contents This diagram illustrates the complex relationships between The Big Bang Theory characters [1] . Regular Recurring Main Dr. Leonard Leakey [1] Hofstadter ( Johnny Galecki ) is an experimental physicist with an IQ of 173 who received his Ph.D. when he was 24 years old. He shares an apartment with colleague and friend Sheldon Cooper . The writers have toyed with a romance between him and neighbor Penny , with their unresolved sexual tension being a major force for drama. Leonard dated Penny for most of Season 3, and while they have since broken up, some sexual tension is still apparent, but they rekindle their relationship in mid-Season 5. Previous to Penny, Leonard had romantic relationships with co-worker Dr. Leslie Winkle , physician Dr. Stephanie Barnett , an unnamed French literature PhD, and North Korean spy Joyce Kim . Following his breakup with Penny, Leonard has slept with Raj's sister Priya , and it is implied this also occurred on another occasion when Priya was visiting Raj (before Leonard met Penny). Leonard's family includes three other accomplished scientists: his mother, Dr. Beverly Hofstadter who is a psychiatrist and neuroscientist, his father Dr. Alfred Hofstadter who is an anthropologist and his sister (name unknown) who is a medical researcher, while his brother Michael Hofstadter is a Harvard law professor. Leonard wears glasses and is lactose intolerant. In the penultimate episode of Season 7, Penny and Leonard became engaged and were married in Las Vegas in the premiere episode of Season 9. Later in season 9 they share living accommodations in both Penny's and Sheldon's apartments. Dr. Sheldon Lee Cooper ( Jim Parsons ) is a theoretical physicist with an I.Q. of 187, possessing a B.S. , a M.S. , a M.A. , a Ph.D. , and a Sc.D. Originally from East Texas, he was a child prodigy, starting college at the age of 11, and receiving his first Ph.D. at age 16. He is usually cold, calculating, selfish, immature, condescending and cynical, but also has a softer, loving and caring side as he does care about his friends and loves his mom, grandma and girlfriend Amy even though he can sometimes insult them with either about their intellect levels or different opinions and is also formerly asexual. Sheldon exhibits a strict adherence to routine, a lack of understanding of irony, sarcasm and humor, and a complete lack of humility; these characteristics are the main sources of his character's humor and the center of a number of episodes. Sheldon's family is very different from him; his father, George Sr. , was a former store worker who died before the start of the series, while his mother, Mary , is a devoted Christian, and his twin sister, Missy , is a hostess at Fuddruckers and his older brother George Jr. is certainly no scientist. Sheldon is consistently the geekiest and quirkiest character in the show. Whenever he tells a joke, or plays a prank, he concludes with the word " Bazinga !" to signal that he just told a joke. Sheldon is friends with and then becomes the boyfriend of Amy Farrah Fowler until they break up in season 9, but reconcile later in the season and finally engage in coitus. Penny Hofstadter (family name is not revealed) ( Kaley Cuoco ), (appeared in all but two episodes in season 4, but credited for the episodes in which she did not appear) is Leonard and Sheldon's neighbor across the hallway. Originally from Omaha, Nebraska, she


What is the name for the lowest point of a sound wave?

Light and Sound Waves   The Characteristics of Sound and Light Waves         There are many different kinds of waves.  Waves can carry a little energy or a lot.  They can be short or long.  They can be rare or frequent.  They can travel fast or slow.  Sound waves, light waves, X-rays, microwaves, and ocean waves are but a few examples.  All waves, however, share certain basic characteristics. All waves have amplitude, wavelength, and frequency.   In order to understand these characteristics of waves, it may help you to represent a wave as a drawing on a graph.  The X-axis (the horizontal line) represents the normal, or resting position.  For example, the X-axis might represent a calm sea or a tight rope.  The vibrational movements of the wave are shown on the Y-axis.  The highest points on the graph are called peaks or crests.  The lowest points are called troughs.   Amplitude              Some waves are very high, while others are barely noticeable.  The distance the wave rises depends on the amplitude of the wave.  Amplitude is the maximum distance the medium (the material through which a wave travels) moves away from its rest position.  The higher the wave moves up-and-down as it vibrates, the larger the amplitude of the resulting waves. Wavelength               The distance between two consecutive (one after another) crests or troughs of a wave is called the wavelength.  The wavelength can be measured from any point on a wave as long as it is measured to the same point on the next wave.   Frequency              The number of complete waves, or complete cycles, per unit of time is called the frequency.  Because every complete wave has one crest and one trough, you can think of the frequency as the number of crests or troughs produced per unit time.  The unit used to measure wave frequency is called the hertz (Hz).  The frequency of a wave depends on the frequency at which its source is vibrating.  Frequency, which is often used to describe waves, is an important characteristic.  Frequency is used to distinguish one color of light from another, as well as one sound from another.  For example, red light is different from blue light because red light has a lower frequency.  A dog can hear a whistle that you cannot hear because dogs can hear sounds at higher frequencies than humans can.   Properties of Sound     There are millions of different sounds in everyday life.  Each sound having certain characteristics that make it unique.  Think about the many sounds you hear everyday.  How you hear and describe a sound depends on the physical characteristics of the sound wave. Frequency and Pitch                  Certain sounds are described as high, such as those produced by a piccolo, or low, such as those produced by a bass drum.  A description of a sound as high or low is known as the pitch of the sound.  The pitch of a sound depends on how fast the particles of a medium (the material through which a wave travels) vibrate.  So the pitch of a sound depends on the number of waves produced in a given time.     Key point here:  Sound waves that have a high frequency are heard as sounds of high pitch.  A violin produces high-pitched sounds.  Sound waves that have a low frequency are heard as sounds of low pitch.  A tuba produces low-pitched sounds.                     Frequency is an especially important characteristic of sound because the ear can respond to only certain frequencies.  The normal human ear is capable of detecting from about 20 to 20,000 vibrations per second, or hertz. Here is a helpful link for more information on sound waves:  http://www.ronkurtus.com/physcien/sound.htm   Properties of Light     What does sunlight have in common with the X-rays used in a doctor's office?  Are you surprised to learn that they are both waves?  They're not matter waves that you can hear or feel.  They are electromagnetic waves.  Electromagnetic waves disturb electric and magnetic fields.  These waves can be transmitted through a vacuum (space free of particles).  They do not depend on particles of matter.   Light is an electromagne


Which of the four Gospels in the Christian New Testament is not a synoptic gospel?

gospel - ReligionFacts ReligionFacts gospel Introduction to the Gospels The Christian New Testament is unique among the world's sacred texts in that it provides several accounts of the life of the religion's founder. These accounts are referred to as "Gospels," from the Old English word godspel, "good news." In Greek the books were called the evangelion, and their authors are correspondingly referred to as the "four evangelists." Gospels are not biographies of Jesus Christ in the modern sense of a detached, academic account of a person's life. In fact, this genre of literature was unknown to the ancient world. Narratives were written to inspire, teach a lesson, warn, or persuade, not to simply inform. The purpose of the Gospel narratives seems to be twofold: to recount the events in the extraordinary life of Jesus, and do so in such a way that its hearers will respond in faith. The author of Gospel of John affirms the latter motivation explicitly: "Jesus did many other miraculous signs... But these are written that you may believe and that by believing you may have life in his name." {1} Although there are only four gospels in the canonical New Testament, a number of gospels were circulated in the early church - perhaps as many as 50. {2} We do not know for certain how or when Matthew, Mark, Luke and John came to be the only "orthodox" gospels, but early Christians writings provide us with some insight into the process and scholars have suggested a number of possibilities. This issue is discussed further below. The Synoptic Gospels The first three gospels, Matthew, Mark, and Luke, are known as the Synoptic Gospels, because they "see together" the events of Jesus' life and death. The three narratives use similar language, material, and ordering of events, and sometimes even repeat one another verbatim (see for example Mt 9:2-8; Mk 2:3-12; and Lk 5:18-26). Mark's Gospel, the shortest of the three, appears almost in its entirety in the Gospel of Matthew, and 53 percent of Mark is found in Luke. The striking similarities and obvious sharing of material between the Synoptic Gospels has led biblical scholars to venture several possible solutions to this so-called "Synoptic Problem." The most common theory is that Matthew and Luke used the Gospel of Mark and an additional document (now lost) called Quelle (German for "source"), or Q for short. But others have suggested that Matthew was the common source, or that each Gospel borrowed from the others and from well-established oral tradition, or some combination of these. {3} Why These Four? The choice of early Christians to label these four gospels "canonical" and "orthodox," and others "heretical" has been of increasing concern to scholars and the public alike in recent years. Much of the hubub was sparked by Dan Brown's popular novel The Da Vinci Code, which questions the traditional distinction between "orthodoxy" and "heresy." On page , learned scholar Leigh Teabing explains to cryptologist Sophie Neveu: "Because Constantine upgraded Jesus' status almost four centuries after Jesus' death, thousands of documents already existed chronicling His life as a mortal man. To rewrite the history books, Constantine knew he would need a bold stroke. Constantine commissioned and financed a new Bible, which omitted those gospels that spoke of Christ's human traits and embellished those gospels that made Him godlike. The earlier gospels were outlawed, gathered up, and burned." This and many other claims made in the book have been discredited by scholars, but the above passage illustrates the growing skepticism that the four canonical gospels are in any way superior to noncanonical gospels. Much more reputable sources, including works by Elaine Pagels of Princeton, Karen King of Harvard, and Bart Ehrman of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, challenge the traditional notion that noncanonical gospels such as the Gospel of Truth, the Gospel of Thomas, and the Gospel of Mary Magdalene are little more than nonsense and heresy. Scholars have postulated a variety of reasons why only


What is the name for the protein which is the main constituent of hair, horns, nails, claws and hooves of mammals?

oilsandplants.com ~ Keratin   KERATIN Keratins are a family of fibrous structural proteins ; which are extremely strong  and are a major component in skin, hair, nails and  teeth. The amino  acids which combine to form keratin have several unique  properties, and depending on the levels of the various amino acids, keratin can be inflexible and  hard, like nails, or soft, as is the case with skin. Keratins are the main constituent of structures that grow from the skin: the a-keratins in the hair (including wool), horns, nails, claws and hooves of mammals the harder b-keratins found in nails and in the scales and claws of reptiles, their shells (chelonians, such as tortoise, turtle, terrapin), and in the feathers, beaks,  claws of birds and  quills of porcupines. (These keratins are  formed primarily in beta  sheets. However, beta sheets are also found in a-keratins.) Most of the keratin that people interact  with is actually dead; hair, skin, and nails are all formed from dead cells  which the body sheds as new cells push up from underneath. If the dead cells are  kept in good condition, they will serve as an insulating layer to protect the  delicate new keratin below them. Keratin is difficult to  dissolve, because it contains cysteine disulfide, which means that it is able to  form disulfide bridges. These disulfide bridges create a helix shape that is  extremely strong, as sulfur atoms bond to each  other from across the helix, creating a fibrous matrix which is not readily  soluble. Depending on how much cysteine disulfide keratin contains, the bond can  be extremely strong to make hard cells like those found in hooves, or it can be  softer to make flexible keratin like hair and skin.  Because of the high levels of sulfur in keratin, when it is burned it  emits a distinct sulfurous odor which some people find distasteful. Keratin is formed by  keratinocytes, living cells which make up a large part of skin, hair, nails, and  other keratin containing parts of the  body. The cells slowly push their way upwards, eventually dying and forming a  protective layer of cells. Thousands of these cells are shed every day, and the  process can be accelerated by various medical conditions, such as psoriasis. Damage to  the external layer of keratin can cause skin, hair,  and nails to look unhealthy or flaky. Hair and nails on humans especially tend to become dry and brittle, because  the dead keratin is being pushed to great  lengths. By eating foods like gelatin and keeping hair  and nails moist, they can be grown out while still remaining healthy. In  general, the thicker the layer of keratin, the healthier the hair  or nail is, because the dead cells outside protect the living cells at the core.  Keeping the external layer of keratin moisturized will also  keep it healthy and prevent cracking and splitting, whether the keratin is forming the hooves of  a horse of the skin of a human.


Saint-Etienne is a city in which country?

Saint-Etienne City Guide Saint-Etienne City Guide by Jose Marc Castro on August 13, 2007 Saint-Etienne is a city in the central eastern section of France that serves as the capital of the Loire département. At various times in its history, the city’s economy has relied heavily on firearms manufacturing, coal mining and bicycle building. Although it did not develop significantly as a city until the 19th century, Saint-Etienne today is the site of dynamic commercial and business growth, with many modern urban centers mingling with the charming streets and architectural features of old Saint-Etienne. Residential Places in Saint-Etienne Located in the heart of the Rhône-Alpes region, Saint-Etienne is only 60 kilometers southwest of Lyon, a city that is renowned for its quaint and picturesque beauty. Saint-Etienne can more than hold its own in this regard however, and the immaculately landscaped gardens and majestic architectural structures make the city one of the most attractive to live in. Much of the residential development planned for the city in the near future is centered on the Carnot district. Work has already begun on a number of housing projects in the area, and many more residential buildings are set to be developed over the next few years. When completed, these housing complexes will provide the city with high-quality apartments offering spectacular views of the lush green surroundings and cultural landmarks such as the Cité du Design and the Zénith. Hospitals and Universities of Saint-Etienne Some of the hospitals that you can find in the city are the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, and the Hôpital Nord, which you can find at 42055 Saint Etienne cedex 2. There are a number of universities in Saint-Etienne, along with a few campuses of other universities from elsewhere in the country. Among these are the Jean Monnet University, the École nationale d’ingénieurs de Saint-Étienne or ENISE, the École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne, which is also known as the EMSE or ENSMSE, the Saint-Étienne School of Management and the Institut supérieur des techniques avancées de Saint-Étienne or ISTASE. The Jean Monnet University is a public university, which is under the jurisdiction of the Academy of Lyon. Aside from the campus in Carnot, it has many other campuses all over the country, including Tréfilerie, Bellevue, la Métare and Roanne. The École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne is one of the esteemed “Grandes Ecoles” of France, its primary focus being engineering. Entry requirements in these types of schools are very stringent and they have traditionally been responsible for producing many the country’s top politicians, engineers, scientists and high-ranking public officials. ENSMSE proudly upholds this tradition and their educational excellence have secured them a place among the top ten engineering schools in the country. Commercial Places in Saint-Etienne As you can imagine from a country that is renowned the world over for the range and excellence of its cuisine, Saint-Etienne is no less gifted, offering a host of restaurants, cafes and coffee shops that uphold the tradition of French culinary supremacy admirably. And it is not only French food that they excel in. Reflecting the wide range of different cultures from all over the world that have infused the city’s social fabric, Saint-Etienne also offers a wealth of International dining establishments. Nevertheless traditional French cuisine is probably what you came here for, and the Anjou Restaurant at the Hotel D’anjou will not disappoint. Located at the Avenue Denfert Rochereau, Anjou has built its stellar reputation on its elegant yet accommodating atmosphere and excellent rapées. The Aux Terrasses De Bacchus is another restaurant that offers traditional French dishes and they offer dinner dancing besides, although you will have to request this in advance. Corne D’aurochs again offers traditional French cooking, but this time with a decidedly home-style approach. Make no mistake though: there is nothing home-style about the inter