In the human body, what is produced by the Parotid Gland?

The Salivary Glands : Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy & Physiology | December 11, 2013 | 0 Comments The Salivary Glands Several glands associated with the oral cavity secrete saliva. Saliva: Helps moisten and compact food into a round mass called a bolus Contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown  of starch Dissolves food chemicals so they can be “tasted” Most saliva is produced by major or extrinsic salivary glands that lie outside the oral cavity and empty their secretions into it. Minor or intrinsic salivary glands within the oral cavity alter the output slightly (note: extrinsic glands lie outside of oral cavity, intrinsic glands lie within oral cavity). The major salivary glands are paired and develop from the oral mucosa and stay connected to it by small ducts. The large, triangle shaped parotid gland (par=near, otid=ear) lies anterior to the ear between the skin and masseter muscle. Its main duct opens into the vestibule next to the second upper molar (view the green duct in image above). Facial nerves run through the parotid gland to muscles in the face used for facial expression. For this reason, surgery on this gland is risky and could cause facial paralysis. The submandibular, parotid, and sublingual salivary glands in association with the left side of oral cavity. Mumps, a common disease amongst children, is an inflammation of the parotid glands caused by the mumps (myxovirus) virus. The virus spreads from person to person in saliva. If you view t he parotid gland in the image above, you will see why people with mumps complain that hurts to chew. Other symptoms include fever and pain when swallowing acidic food or liquid (pickles, grapefruit). Mumps in adult males carries a 25% risk of infecting the testes, which can lead to sterility. The submandibular gland is about the size of a walnut. Its duct runs underneath the mucosa in the oral cavity floor and opens underneath the tongue at the base of the lingual frenulum. The sublingual gland has a small, almond shape and lies in front of the submandibular gland under the tongue. It has 10-20 ducts which open into the floor of the mouth. The salivary glands are composed of two types of secretory cells, serous and mucous. Serous cells produce a watery secretion containing ions, enzymes, and a small amount of mucin. Mucous cells produce mucus. The submandibular and parotid glands contain a large percentage of serous cells. The sublingual glands contain mostly mucous cells. Composition of Saliva Saliva is mainly water. In fact, it’s 97-99.5% water which makes it hypoosmotic. Its osmolarity depends on the glands that are active and the amount and type of stimulus for salivation. Generally, saliva is a bit acidic (6.75-7.00), but the PH can vary. Its solutes include electrolytes (mainly sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate); the digestive enzymes salivary amylase and lingual lipase; the proteins mucin, IgA, and lysozyme; metabolic wastes (uric acid, urea). When dissolved in water, the glycoprotein mucin forms thick mucus that lubricates the oral cavity and hydrates foodstuffs. Saliva protects against microorganisms because it has: IgA antibodies Lysozyme- a bactericidal enzyme (it inhibits bacterial growth in the mouth and it’s unclear whether or not it may help prevent tooth decay Defensins- defensins function as cytokines and call defensive cells (lymphocytes) into the mouth Control of Salivation The minor salivary glands secrete saliva continuously, keeping the mouth optimally moist. When food enters, the major glands activate and large amounts of saliva pour out. The average human being produces around 1500ml of saliva per day, but it can be a great deal higher if the glands are stimulated properly. For the most part, salivation is controlled by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. When food is ingested, chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the mouth send signals to the salivatory nuclei in the brain stem to the pons and medulla. As a result, parasympathetic nervous system activity increases. Impulses sent by motor fibers in


What is the alternative name for the Tenor Tuba?

Brass instruments Cornet Transposing instrument, notated in treble clef The cornet is identical in range to the trumpet, but has a rounder, darker tone due to its conical bore. There are two regular cornets: the Bb cornet and the Eb (or soprano) cornet, although the long cornet is still in use. The cornet in A (common in the Nineteenth century) and the alto cornet are now extinct. There is only one soprano cornet in each brass band. Originally in use in military and brass bands, the cornet joined the orchestra and gained a following in the jazz world by the Twentieth century. The most famous cornet player in history was Jean Baptiste Arban, who applied many flute techniques to the cornet, thus expanding the instrument's possibilities. In the second half of the Twentieth century the cornet was increasingly confined to the brass band, and now is rarely seen outside those ensembles. The cornets larger cousin the flï¿½gelhorn, also in Bb, is used widely in the jazz and commercial worlds as well as in brass bands. Trombone Notated in concert pitch in (mostly) bass and tenor clefs, treble clef Bb for brass bands Like the trumpet, the trombone evolved as a fanfare instrument and is present in almost every musical ensemble available today. They were an early inclusion to wind bands, brass bands and the jazz world, having already joined the orchestra via early opera composers (who often sought to convey sad or frightening scenes with the trombone section!). They are cylindrical, point directly at the listener and change pitch by the use of a slide. Trombones with a trigger can bridge the gap between the bottom of the range and the pedal notes, creating a chromatic range over four octaves. They are often paired with their soprano cousin the trumpet, in jazz or latin bands. There is a large family of trombones, from the soprano through Eb alto and Bb tenor (the most common), to the bass and contrabass. Most orchestras have three, big bands four, and string orchestras none at all. There are various lesser-used trombones as well, including the valve trombone and the flï¿½gelbone. In a brass band the trombones are written in treble clef Bb (except the bass trombone), but in all other ensembles they read concert pitch in either the bass or tenor clefs. French horn Transposing instrument, notated in treble clef, and bass clef for low range pre-Twentieth century The mighty french horns in an orchestra are famous for their sweeping melodies and strong sound, but began as a hunting instrument. They are longer than a trombone, wound up in coils with a wide, flared bell. They are also conical, possessing a beautiful sound that has been utilised by classical composers and filmscore writers alike. Horns have three rotary valves, unless they are a double or triple horn, in which case they can have up to five! All old horn crooks and transpositions have now been superseded. Because the modern double horn is pitched in F, it often plays a pivotal role between brass and woodwind or strings. It is also well suited to chamber work, but has never really been considered a jazz instrument. The only other version of the horn is the mellophone, a cylindrical marching horn used in American marching bands, and a section of these were used in the Stan Kenton Big Band for many years. Wagner invented the Wagner tuba, really a larger horn and not a tuba at all, and it is played by horn players. Many other classical composers have written for this instrument, including Strauss and Bruckner. Baritone Transposing instrument, treble clef Bb The baritone is in Bb, and has three piston valves. They really only have a specific role in brass bands (with two baritone parts), but are often used interchangeably with euphoniums in concert bands. This instrument never made it into the classical world, due to its cylindrical bore and thinner sound, but occupies an important place in the tenor range of the brass family. Euphonium Can be notated in bass clef concert pitch, or treble clef Bb Often mistakenly referred to as a baritone in American bands, the euphonium has a warm


For which national football team has the Fulham (& previously Middlesborough) goalie Mark Schwartzer won more than 90 caps?

Alltop - Top Soccer (Football) News Aguero back from ban, looking to kick-start turbulent season (The Associated Press) 29 Dec 2016 | 8:20 am It has been a strange season for Sergio Aguero. The goals have flowed for Manchester City - nothing new there - but other factors have transpired to make it one of the most turbulent periods of the Argentine's career. The season started with Aguero, one of the world's most feared strikers, being publicly urged by City manager Pep Guardiola to change his style of play in order to become a more complete footballer. Soccer-Saints' Puel rules out January sales of key defenders (Reuters) 29 Dec 2016 | 8:04 am Southampton manager Claude Puel has ruled out selling either of his first-choice centre backs in the January transfer window, shooting down media reports that the club could cash in on Jose Fonte or Virgil van Dijk. Reports in Fonte's native Portugal earlier this month indicated that Southampton had agreed to allow the player, who has 18 months left on his contract, to leave in January after he failed to agree fresh terms with the club. British media have reported in recent weeks that Dutchman Van Dijk had emerged as a target for league leaders Chelsea and third-placed Manchester City, but Puel insisted that neither player would be allowed to leave in January. Soccer-Drinkwater, Mahrez set for Leicester start against Hammers (Reuters) 29 Dec 2016 | 7:45 am Danny Drinkwater and Riyad Mahrez are likely to start for Leicester City against West Ham United in Saturday's Premier League clash, manager Claudio Ranieri has indicated. Drinkwater made his first league appearance in more than a month as a second-half substitute in Monday's 2-0 home defeat by Everton, a result that dropped Leicester to 16th place, three points above the bottom three. "Drinkwater could be (in the starting line-up) because he played 45 minutes (against Everton)," Ranieri told a news conference on Thursday. Soccer-Moyes suffers injury blow with Pickford out for two months (Reuters) 29 Dec 2016 | 6:50 am Sunderland goalkeeper Jordan Pickford has been ruled out for up to two months with a knee injury, in what manager David Moyes has described as a major disappointment for his relegation-threatened team. Sunderland, who are third bottom in the table, visit 14th-placed Burnley on Saturday, with Moyes confirming that Pickford suffered the injury in Monday's 3-1 home defeat by Manchester United. "Jordan has good news and bad news," Moyes told a news conference on Thursday. Argentine soccer star Carlos Tevez signs $40M deal in China (The Associated Press) 29 Dec 2016 | 6:45 am Argentine striker Carlos Tevez has signed to play for Shanghai Shenhua, becoming the latest in a procession of star players to join the Chinese Super League. Shanghai Shenhua said Thursday that it paid an $11 million transfer fee to Argentine club Boca Juniors. A person familiar with the negotiations said the 32-year-old Tevez would be paid $40 million over two years. Nasri investigated after Los Angeles treatment 29 Dec 2016 | 9:37 am Sevilla's Samir Nasri is being investigated by the Spanish Anti-Doping Agency over treatment received at a Los Angeles medical clinic. Liverpool v Man City: Jurgen Klopp plays down Pep Guardiola rivalry 29 Dec 2016 | 9:32 am Jurgen Klopp says Saturday's top-of-the-table Premier League match is between the Liverpool and Manchester City players, and not between himself and Pep Guardiola. Alan Curti: Swansea City 'need manager with Premier League experience' 29 Dec 2016 | 9:00 am Swansea City first-team coach Alan Curtis says the club's next manager should have experience of the Premier League. Rangers v Celtic: Brendan Rodgers says champions will be better in new year 29 Dec 2016 | 8:00 am Brendan Rodgers says his Celtic side, 16 points clear in the Scottish Premiership, will be better in the second half of the season. 29 Dec 2016 | 7:13 am Could Ryan Giggs be heading to the Liberty Stadium as the new manager of Swansea City? U.S. Women’s National Team Fires Its Union’s Leader 28 Dec 2016 | 8:10 pm Rich Nichols


What word is used in betting slang for odds of 7/4 (seven to four)?

Horse Racing Terms & Horse Betting Glossary | OFF TRACK BETTING A runner officially listed to start in a race. Accumulator (Also, Parlay) A multiple bet. A kind of 'let-it-ride' bet. Making simultaneous selections on two or more races with the intent of pressing the winnings of the first win on the bet of the following race selected, and so on. All the selections made must win for you to win the accumulator. Across The Board (See 'Place') A bet on a horse to win, place or show. Three wagers combined in one. If the horse wins, the player wins all three wagers, if second, two, and if third, one. Age All thoroughbreds count January 1 as their birth date. Ajax UK slang term for 'Betting Tax'. All-age Race A race for two-year-olds and up. All Out A horse who is trying to the best of his ability. Allowances Reductions in weights to be carried allowed because of certain conditions such as; an apprentice jockey is on a horse, a female horse racing against males, or three-year-olds racing against older horses. All Weather Racing Racing that takes place on an artificial surface. Also Ran Any selection not finishing 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th in a race or event. Ante Post (Also, Futures) Bets placed in advance predicting the outcome of a future event. Ante-post prices are those on major sporting events, usually prior to the day of the event itself. In return for the chance of better odds, punters risk the fact that stakes are not returned if their selection pulls out or is cancelled. Apprentice A trainee jockey. An apprentice will usually ride only flat races. Approximates The approximate price a horse is quoted at before a race begins. Bookmakers use these approximates as a guide to set their boards. Arbitrage Where a variation in odds available allows a punter to back both sides and guarantee a win. ART A 'backed' horse is one on which lots of bets have been placed. Backed-In A horse which is backed-in means that bettors have outlaid a lot of money on that horse, with the result being a decrease in the odds offered. Back Marker In a standing start event, which is handicapped, the horse who is given the biggest handicap is known as the backmarker. Backstretch The straight way on the far side of the track. Back Straight The straight length of the track farthest away from the spectators and the winning post. Backward A horse that is either too young or not fully fit. Banker (Also, Key) Highly expected to win. The strongest in a multiple selection in a parlay or accumulator. In permutation bets the banker is a selection that must win to guarantee any returns. Bar Price Refers to the odds of those runners in a race not quoted with a price during early betting shows. The bar price is the minimum odds for any of those selections not quoted. Barrier (Also, Tape) A starting device used in steeple chasing consisting of an elastic band stretched across the racetrack which retracts when released. Barrier Draw The ballot held by the race club to decide which starting stall each runner will occupy. Bat (Also, Stick) A jockey's whip. Beard (US) A friend or acquaintance or other contact who is used to placing bets so that the bookmakers will not know the identity of the actual bettor. Many top handicappers and persons occupying sensitive positions use this method of wagering. Bearing In (Out) Failing to maintain a straight course, veering to the left or right. Can be caused by injury, fatigue, outside distraction, or poor riding. Beeswax UK slang term for betting tax. Also known as 'Bees' or 'Ajax'. Bell Lap In harness racing, the last lap of a race, signified by the ringing of the bell. Bet A transaction in which monies are deposited or guaranteed. Betting Board A board used by the bookmaker to display the odds of the horses engaged in a race. Betting Ring The main area at a racecourse where the bookmakers operate. Betting Tax Tax on a Bookmaker's turnover. In the UK this is a 'Duty' levied on every Pound wagered. Common methods of recouping this by the punter are to deduct tax from returns (winnings) or to pay tax with the stake/wager. In the latter


Who was the first 'celebrity' to be voted off the 2011 series of 'Strictly Come Dancing'?

Strictly Come Dancing 2011: Edwina Currie is first contestant to be voted off - Mirror Online Strictly Come Dancing 2011: Edwina Currie is first contestant to be voted off Former Tory MP Edwina Currie has become the first celebrity to waltz off Strictly Come Dancing.  Share Get celebs updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email Former Tory MP Edwina Currie has become the first celebrity to waltz off Strictly Come Dancing. After getting a low score of 19 from the judging panel, the public vote saw off the 64-year-old. She danced the foxtrot around a table and chairs, accompanied by professional dancer Vincent Simone, but failed to impress the judges. The other couple in the bottom two were Audley Harrison and Natalie Lowe - who got 23 points for their salsa to a rendition of Michael Jackson's Don't Stop Til You Get Enough. After the performance, Len Goodman said: "Make the most of that meal, because it could be the last supper", with Bruno Tonioli comparing her to a "bendy bus". Currie said that she had a "fabulous" time learning the dance moves. She said: "Well I feel sorry for Vincent, because he has worked very hard. He's been a terrific teacher, he really, really has. "Anything that we did wrong is entirely my fault. "Whoever dances with Vincent is a very, very lucky woman. It has been fabulous - absolutely fabulous. "I mean we have had several weeks of it because we started off with the launch programme as well. During which I think I've lost about half a stone and a dress size." Her dance partner Simone added: "I just want to say I've had so much fun with you. Which I didn't expect because you were a politicianist. But yes, you've taken care of me - so thank you for that." The results show featured a performance from Will Young, singing his new song Come On. A Strictly spokeswoman said that 8.7 million people tuned in to watch the two-hour show last night. Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent Most Read Most Recent


Ian Gillan and David Coverdale have both provided lead vocals for 'Rock' group?

Ian Gillan - Music on Google Play Ian Gillan About the artist Ian Gillan is an English singer and songwriter. He originally found commercial success as the lead singer and lyricist for Deep Purple. Initially influenced by Elvis Presley, Gillan started and fronted several local bands in the mid-sixties, and eventually joined Episode Six when their original singer left. He first found widespread commercial success after joining Deep Purple in 1969. After an almost non-stop workload, during which time he recorded six albums in four years, and problematic relationships with other band members, particularly guitarist Ritchie Blackmore, Gillan resigned from the band in June 1973, having given a lengthy notice period to their managers. After a short time away from the music business, he resumed his music career with solo bands the Ian Gillan Band and Gillan, before a year-long stint as the vocalist for Black Sabbath. He rejoined a reformed Deep Purple in 1984, but was fired in 1989. He rejoined the band for a second time in 1992 for their twenty-fifth anniversary, and following the recruitment of guitarist Steve Morse in 1994, has helped transform the group into a regular touring outfit, which he has fronted ever since. 1 $9.49 One Eye To Morocco is a solo album by Deep Purple vocalist Ian Gillan. The album material was written during the gap of Deep Purple's 2008 world tour, in the US. It was released on 6 March 2009 on ... 1 1 $16.49 Live in Anaheim is a double live album from Ian Gillan, recorded live at the House of Blues, Anaheim, California on 14 September 2006 during the Gillan's Inn tour and released in April 2008 by Edel... 1 1 $9.99 Clear Air Turbulence is the second studio album by British jazz-rock fusion band Ian Gillan Band, released in 1977 with cover by Chris Foss. The album was initially worked on during the period July... 1 Deep Purple 0 Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertford in 1968. They are considered to be among the pioneers of heavy metal and modern hard rock, although their musical approach changed over the y... 0 Jon Lord 0 John Douglas "Jon" Lord was an English composer, pianist, and Hammond organ player known for his pioneering work in fusing rock with classical or baroque forms, especially with Deep Purple, as well... 0 Ritchie Blackmore 0 Richard Hugh "Ritchie" Blackmore is an English guitarist and songwriter. He was one of the founding members of Deep Purple in 1968, playing jam-style hard-rock music which mixed guitar riffs and or... 0 Gillan 0 Gillan were a rock band formed in 1978 by Deep Purple singer Ian Gillan. Gillan were one of the hard rock bands to make a significant impact and commercial success in the United Kingdom during the ... 0 Glenn Hughes 0 Glenn Hughes is an English rock bassist and vocalist, best known for playing bass and performing vocals for funk rock pioneers Trapeze, the Mk. III and IV line-ups of Deep Purple, as well as briefl... 0 David Coverdale 0 David Coverdale is an English rock singer best known for his powerful bluesy voice and his work with Whitesnake, a hard rock band he founded in 1978. Before Whitesnake, Coverdale was the lead singe... 0 Uriah Heep 0 Uriah Heep are an English rock band formed in London in 1969. Twelve of the band's albums have made it to the UK Albums Chart while of the fifteen Billboard 200 Uriah Heep albums Demons and Wizards... 0 UFO 0 UFO are an English rock band that was formed in London in 1969. They became a transitional group between early hard rock and heavy metal and the new wave of British heavy metal. The band's current ... 0 Ken Hensley 0 Kenneth William David Hensley is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and producer, best known for his work with Uriah Heep during the 1970s. He wrote or co-wrote the majority of Uri... 0 Don Airey 0 Donald Smith "Don" Airey has been the keyboardist in the rock band Deep Purple since 2002, succeeding Jon Lord. He has had a long and productive career, playing with such acts as Gary Moore, Ozzy O... 0 Rainbow 0 Rainbow are a British rock band led by guitarist Ritchie


Which British composer's works include 'The Protecting Veil' and 'Song For Athene', which was performed at Princess Diana'a funeral?

Sir John Kenneth Tavener (1944 - 2013) - Find A Grave Memorial Sir John Kenneth Tavener North Dorset District Dorset, England British Composer. Known for his extensive output of religious works, including The Whale, "The Protecting Veil" and "Song for Athene". He began as a prodigy; in 1968, at the age of 24, he was described by The Guardian as "the musical discovery of the year", while The Times said he was "among the very best creative talents of his generation." During his career he became one of the best known and popular composers of his generation. Tavener was knighted in 2000 for his services to music and won an Ivor Novello Award. He was born on 28 January 1944 in Wembley, London, and claimed to be a direct descendant of the 16th-century composer John Taverner. His parents ran a family building firm, while his father was also organist at St Andrew's Presbyterian Church in Frognal, Hampstead. Tavener became a music scholar at Highgate School (where a fellow pupil was John Rutter) and afterwards studied at the Royal Academy of Music, where his tutors included Sir Lennox Berkeley. Tavener first came to prominence in 1968 with his dramatic cantata The Whale, based on the Old Testament story of Jonah. It was premi�red at the London Sinfonietta's d�but concert, which was also the opening concert of the Queen Elizabeth Hall. Tavener's younger brother, Roger, was then doing some building work on Ringo Starr's home, and gaining the musician's interest persuaded The Beatles to have The Whale recorded by Apple Records and released in 1970. The following year Tavener began teaching at Trinity College of Music, London. Other works by Tavener released by Apple included his Celtic Requiem, which impressed Benjamin Britten enough to persuade Covent Garden to commission an opera from Tavener: the ultimate result, to a libretto by playwright Gerard McLarnon, was Th�r�se. When staged in 1979 the opera was thought too static to be a successful drama. Tavener had also been deeply affected by his brief marriage, lasting only a few months in 1974, to the Greek dancer Victoria Maragopoulou. His chamber opera A Gentle Spirit (1977), with a libretto by McLarnon based on a story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, concerns a pawnbroker whose marriage fails to the extent that his wife commits suicide. It has been deemed "far superior to Th�r�se, with the internal drama more suited to the stage". Significantly, it also touched on Russian orthodoxy, to which McLarnon had been a convert for several years. Tavener himself converted to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1977. Orthodox theology and Orthodox liturgical traditions became a major influence on his work. He was particularly drawn to its mysticism, studying and setting to music the writings of Church Fathers and completing a setting of the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, the principal eucharistic liturgy of the Orthodox Church: this was Tavener's first directly Orthodox-inspired music. One of Tavener's most popular and frequently performed works[citation needed] is his short unaccompanied four-part choral setting of William Blake's The Lamb, written for his nephew Simon on his third birthday one afternoon in 1982. This simple, homophonic piece is usually performed as a Christmas carol. More important, however, were his explorations of Russian and Greek culture, as shown in Akhmatova Requiem and Sixteen Haiku of Seferis. Later prominent works include The Akathist of Thanksgiving (1987, written in celebration of the millennium of the Russian Orthodox Church); The Protecting Veil (first performed by cellist Steven Isserlis and the London Symphony Orchestra at the 1989 Proms); and Song for Athene (1993) on a text by Mother Thekla, a Russian Orthodox abbess who was Tavener's long-time spiritual advisor up until her death in 2011. Song for Athene was performed at the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997. Following Diana's death, he also composed and dedicated to her memory the piece Eternity's Sunrise, based on poetry by William Blake. In 2003 Tavener composed the exceptionally large work The V


The character 'James Bond' was created by Ian Fleming, but who wrote the book 'Devil May Care' featuring 'James Bond'?

BBC - Culture - Ranking the James Bond authors after Ian Fleming Britain Ranking the James Bond authors after Ian Fleming Since Ian Fleming’s death, six authors have inherited the James Bond literary franchise and continued to write novels about the spy. Which is the best? Jane Ciabattari finds out. By Jane Ciabattari 8 August 2014 In 1953, Ian Fleming’s novel Casino Royale introduced one of the most popular literary characters ever: the secret agent with the blue eyes, black hair and “cruel mouth”, the persistent appetites (for women, food and that special “shaken, not stirred” martini) and the immortal line “Bond, James Bond”. By the time Fleming, a former journalist and naval intelligence officer, died on 12 August 1964 at the age of 56, he had written 14 James Bond books and established the basis for his estate to manage the franchise. Fleming’s 007 prototype has proven, indestructible, surviving through 23 films and also 24 additional novels written by six successive authors (not including the movie novelisations). The James Bond books have had their ups and downs. Fleming was a shrewd and perceptive chronicler of a Cold War world much more dangerous than ordinary citizens understood it to be. He created Bond as a blunt instrument wielded by his superiors to preserve and protect. Fleming fleshed out his 007 with a flair for clothes and cars, a powerful athleticism and a fondness for women paired with a tragic inability to maintain love.  When Fleming’s Bond was caught, as he always was, the villain made him suffer. Readers knew that at some point, however, Bond would always prevail.  Fleming’s work was noir with a safe landing at the end. He wrote with a rare combination of clarity, action, sensuous detail, wit and fantasy. Kingsley Amis, author of the first post-Ian Fleming 007 novel and the first critical appraisal, The James Bond Dossier, coined the still useful term “The Fleming effect”, which he describes as “the imaginative use of information, whereby the pervading fantastic nature of Bond’s world, as well as the temporary, local, fantastic elements in the story, are bolted down in some sort of reality”.  Some of Fleming’s successors come up short when it comes to the crucial balance between imagination, authenticity and believability.  Many are influenced as much by the film versions as by Fleming himself. Some have replaced Fleming’s Cold War plots with alternative wartime scenarios, to varying degrees of success. A few have lost the daring and witty Fleming flavour altogether.  The most successful maintain his taut action style while adding psychological depth and a contemporary sense of humour. Here’s my ranking of the six authors to carry on Fleming’s literary legacy: 6. Raymond Benson Benson, author of the reference book The James Bond Bedside Companion (1984), wrote six Bond books between 1996 and 2002. He had two directives, he notes in the introduction to Choice of Weapons, a compendium of three of his 007 novels: “Make the character of M a woman (to stay in synchronization with the Pierce Brosnan/Judi Dench films), and to somehow blend more contemporary elements (more action, gadgetry, humor).” Zero Minus Ten, Benson’s first novel, was set just before the British handover of Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China in 1997.  Bond ends up allied with the head of a Hong Kong triad in a race to keep the handover from becoming an explosive international disaster. Benson’s settings are effective, but he replaces Fleming’s pithy two-sentence backstories with pages of exposition that slow down the action. (Compare Benson’s 20-page scene covering the rules of Bond’s Macau mahjong game to Fleming’s four-page explanation of the game of baccarat in Casino Royale during a dinner followed by champagne, strawberries and avocado pear.) His Bond seems a hollow man, devoid of the animating sense of Bond’s actions that play such an important role in Fleming’s books. View image of (Coronet) (Credit: Coronet) 5. Jeffrey Deaver In Carte Blanche (2011), bestselling author Deaver, author of the bestselling series of thr


Who had hits with the songs, 'Lonely Boy' in 1976 and 'Never Let Her Slip Away' in 1978?

Andrew Gold: Musician and songwriter whose collaborators included Ronstadt, Garfunkel and Cher | The Independent Andrew Gold: Musician and songwriter whose collaborators included Ronstadt, Garfunkel and Cher Tuesday 7 June 2011 23:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Andrew Gold was part of the outstanding musical scene which developed in Los Angeles in the 1970s and included Linda Ronstadt, the Eagles, Bonnie Raitt and Jackson Browne. Gold, a multi-instrumentalist, played on numerous albums and also had his own hit singles with "Lonely Boy", "Never Let Her Slip Away" and "Thank You For Being A Friend". He could have had, and perhaps should have had, more solo success but his voice was probably not distinctive enough. "I know I can sing," he told me in 2000, "but I also know that I'm not Lennon or Sinatra." Andrew Gold was born in Burbank in August 1951, the son of two highly musical parents. His father, Ernest, was a film composer who wrote the scores for On The Beach (1959) and Exodus (1960), and his mother, Marni Nixon, had a singing role in The Sound Of Music (1962) and was also Natalie Wood's singing voice in West Side Story (1961) and Audrey Hepburn's in My Fair Lady (1964). For part of his adolescence, Gold was educated in the UK. His musical talent was soon appreciated and in the early 1970s he was playing in two Los Angeles bands, Bryndle and the Rangers, both with the guitarist Kenny Edwards. While at Oakwood School in Hollywood, he met Linda Ronstadt, then singing with the Stone Poneys. Both Edwards and Gold were invited to join the Stone Poneys, and his burgeoning talent was soon recognised. Gold sang and played guitars and keyboards on her big-selling and highly acclaimed solo albums, Heart Like A Wheel (1974), Prisoner In Disguise (1975), Hasten Down The Wind (1976), Living In The USA (1978), Mad Love (1980) and Get Closer (1982). In 1975 Linda Ronstadt had her only US No 1 with a revival of "You're No Good", previously a hit for Betty Everett and the Swinging Blue Jeans. The record was produced by Peter Asher but it was a tour de force for Gold, who played electric piano and drums as well as the guitar solo. Gold sang a duet with Ronstadt on a revival of the Everly Brothers' "When Will I Be Loved", while Ronstadt encouraged him to make solo records and sang backing vocals on his first hit, "Lonely Boy". Although Gold put personal references in "Lonely Boy" (1975) including his year of birth, he told me that it was not autobiographical: "Maybe it was a mistake to do that but I simply put in those details because it was convenient. I hadn't been a lonely boy at all – I'd had a very happy childhood." In1978, Gold had a UK Top 10 single with the ultra-catchy "Never LetHer Slip Away". "It's like McCartney meets Brian Wilson," he explained, "I can always tell when I am going into that mode. There's a very cheap synthesiser on that record, but it was right for the song." Gold promoted the single in the UK, admittedly spending much of his earnings in the gambling club, Crockfords. This led to his album track, "I'm A Gambler". He followed up with another Top 20 single, "How Can This Be Love". Gold had a third hit in 1978 with "Thank You For Being A Friend", which had a new lease of life when it was sung by Cindy Fee as the theme for TheGolden Girls (1985-92). Gold released the albums, Andrew Gold (1975), What's Wrong With This Picture (1976), AllThis And Heaven Too (1978) and Whirlwind (1980). He did, however, refuseto sign contracts with music publishing companies, calling them "banks with real bad interest rates posing as song pluggers." There is no doubt that Gold was regarded as a very safe pair of hands and he was invited to play on scores of albums. They included Maria Muldaur (1974), Kate And Anna McGarrigle (1975), Jennifer Warnes' Shot Through The Heart (1979) and Stephen Bishop's Careless (1976). He was strongly featured on Art Garfunkel's album, Breakaway (1975) and provided most of the accompaniment on the stunning No 1 single, "I Only Have Eyes For You". Less successful was his support for a P


Which long-armed orange character was the subject of the first 'Mr. Men' book by Roger Hargreaves, first published in 1971?

Roger Hargreaves: 10 things you need to know about the Mr Men author - Mirror Online News Roger Hargreaves: 10 things you need to know about the Mr Men author Roger Hargreaves and his Mr Men stories are today celebrated with a Google doodle on what would have been the writer's 76th birthday.  Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email Here are 10 things you need to know about the author who has brought joy to countless children... 1. Roger Hargreaves was born on 9 May 1935 in Cleckheaton, Yorkshire. 2. His dad was a wool manufacturer but after spending a short time working in his dad’s laundry and dry-cleaning business, Roger went into advertising. 3. He married Christine, and the pair went on to have four children - Adam, Giles and twins Sophie and Amelia. 4. Adam has said the idea for the books began when he asked his dad: “What does a tickle look like?” The question led to the long-armed orange character who was the first Mr Man. 5. After initial rejections from publishers, Mr Tickle made it into bookshops in 1971, along with Mr Greedy, Mr Happy, Mr Nosey, Mr Sneeze and Mr Bump. The books cost 20p each and sold a million copies within three years. 6. In 1975 the stories were brought to life in a TV cartoon series. The short programmes were voiced by Arthur Lowe, best known for playing Captain Mainwaring in Dad’s Army. 7. In 1981 the complementary Little Miss series began, with a TV series voiced by John Alderton and Pauline Collins following two years later. 8. Roger Hargreaves died in 1988 following a stroke at the age of just 53. 9. After his death, son Adam continued the series with further books. 10. In 2010 a lost Mr Men book was published. The manuscript and original pictures for Mr Nobody were found in a drawer by publishers Egmont. Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent Most Read Most Recent


What creature is portrayed on the Victoria Cross?

Victoria Cross | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia George Cross [3] The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of the armed forces of various Commonwealth countries, and previous British Empire territories. [3] It takes precedence over all other orders, decorations and medals. It may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and to civilians under military command. The VC is usually presented to the recipient or to their next of kin by the British monarch at an investiture held at Buckingham Palace. The VC was introduced on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria to honour acts of valour during the Crimean War . Since then, the medal has been awarded 1,357 times to 1,354 individual recipients. Only 14 medals, ten to members of the British Army, and four to the Australian Army, have been awarded since the Second World War. The traditional explanation of the source of the gunmetal from which the medals are struck is that it derives from Russian cannon captured at the Siege of Sevastopol . Recent research has thrown doubt on this story, suggesting a variety of origins for the material actually making up the medals themselves. [4] Research has established that the gunmetal for many of the medals came from Chinese cannons [5] that may have been captured from the Russians in 1855. Due to its rarity, the VC is highly prized and the medal has fetched over £400,000 at auction. [6] A number of public and private collections are devoted to the Victoria Cross. The private collection of Lord Ashcroft , amassed since 1986, contains over one-tenth of all VCs awarded. Following a 2008 donation to the Imperial War Museum , the Ashcroft collection went on public display alongside the museum's Victoria and George Cross collection in November 2010. [7] Beginning with the Centennial of Confederation in 1967, Canada [8] followed in 1975 by Australia [9] and New Zealand [10] developed their own national honours systems, separate and independent of the British or Imperial honours system. As each country’s system evolved, operational gallantry awards were developed with the premier award of each system, the VC for Australia, the Canadian VC and the VC for New Zealand being created and named in honour of the Victoria Cross. These are unique awards of each honours system, recommended, assessed, gazetted and presented by each country. Contents Edit In 1854, after 40 years of peace, Britain found itself fighting a major war against Russia. The Crimean War was one of the first wars with modern reporting, and the dispatches of William Howard Russell described many acts of bravery and valour by British servicemen that went unrewarded. [11] Before the Crimean War, there was no official standardised system for recognition of gallantry within the British armed forces. Officers were eligible for an award of one of the junior grades of the Order of the Bath and brevet promotions whilst a Mention in Despatches existed as an alternative award for acts of lesser gallantry. This structure was very limited; in practice awards of the Order of the Bath were confined to officers of field rank . [12] Brevet promotions or Mentions in Despatches were largely confined to those who were under the immediate notice of the commanders in the field, generally members of the commander's own staff. [13] Other European countries had awards that did not discriminate against class or rank; France awarded the Légion d'honneur (Legion of Honour) and The Netherlands gave the Order of William . There was a growing feeling amongst the public and in the Royal Court that a new award was needed to recognise incidents of gallantry that were unconnected with a man's lengthy or meritorious service. Queen Victoria issued a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual on 29 January 1856 [11] [14] (gazetted 5 February 1856) [14] that officially constituted the VC. The order was backdated to 1854 to recognise acts of valour during the Crimean War . [15] Queen Victoria had instructed the War Office to strike a new medal that


Goodluck Jonathan is the current President (2011) of which African country?

Former President Jonathan Calls for United Nigeria - allAfrica.com   Former President Jonathan Calls for United Nigeria Former president Goodluck Jonathan has stressed the need for Nigerians to be united to enable the country to overcome some of the current challenges. Nigeria:   Jonathan Meets Buhari, Says United Nigeria Greater Than Oil Leadership, 4 August 2016 Following threats by some militants in the Niger Delta region to declare a Republic, former President Goodluck Jonathan yesterday said he was opposed to the disintegration of…  Read more » Nigeria:   Jonathan Says We Are Stronger Together As a Nation This Day, 3 August 2016 Former President Goodluck Jonathan has said everyone should work for a united Nigeria, saying we're stronger as one nation.  Read more » Nigeria:   World Will Forget Us If We Balkanize Nigeria - Jonathan Leadership, 3 August 2016 Former President Goodluck Jonathan has said that the world will forget Nigeria if its citizens allow the country to be balkanized.  Read more » Nigeria:   My Mission in Villa - Jonathan Vanguard, 4 August 2016 Former President Goodluck Jonathan has advocated a united Nigeria, saying the country would be better as one entity.  Read more » Nigeria:   Jonathan Meets Buhari, Say We Need a United Nigeria Vanguard, 3 August 2016 Former President Goodluck Jonathan has advocated for a united Nigeria, saying that the country would be better of as such.  Read more » Nigeria:   What I Told Buhari - Jonathan Premium Times, 3 August 2016 Former President Goodluck Jonathan on Wednesday said he was against the disintegration of Nigeria, saying he was working with other leaders to find solutions to the renewed crisis…  Read more » Nigeria:   Former President Jonathan Calls for a United Nigeria Guardian, 3 August 2016 Former President Goodluck Jonathan has stressed the need for Nigerians to be united to enable the country to overcome some of her current challenges.  Read more » Nigeria:   Ex-President Jonathan Visits Buhari, Holds Talks Premium Times, 3 August 2016 Former President Goodluck Jonathan is currently holding a meeting with President Muhammadu Buhari at the President's office at the Aso Rock Villa, Abuja.  Read more » Nigeria:   Buhari, Jonathan Hold Private Meeting in Aso Villa Vanguard, 3 August 2016 Former President Goodluck Jonathan is presently in a private meeting with President Muhammadu Buhari at the Aso Rock villa, Abuja.  Read more » Nigeria:   Wake Up and Smell the Coffee! This Day, 3 August 2016 It's time to stop making excuses for President Muhammadu Buhari and see through his evident short comings.  Read more » InFocus


The Albery Theatre in London was renamed in 2006 after which knighted playwright, composer, director, actor and singer, who was responsible for writing 'London Pride' amongst others?

FilmNav – The website highway for British film-makers | FilmNav Interview:   Oliver Reed (13 February 1938 – 2 May 1999) was an English actor known for his burly screen presence. Reed exemplified his real-life macho image in “tough guy” roles. His films include The Trap, Oliver!, Women in Love, Hannibal Brooks, The Triple Echo, The Devils, The Three Musketeers, Tommy, Castaway, Lion of the Desert and Gladiator.   Early life Reed was born Robert Oliver Reed in Wimbledon, London, to sports journalist Peter Reed and his wife Marcia (née Andrews).[1] He was the nephew of film director Sir Carol Reed, and grandson of the actor-manager Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree by his alleged mistress May Pinney Reed. He was alleged to have been a descendant (through an illegitimate step) of Tsar Peter the Great of Russia.[2] Reed attended Ewell Castle School in Surrey.   Career After time in the British Army, serving in the Royal Army Medical Corps, Reed commenced his thespian career as an extra in films in the late 1950s. He had no acting training or theatrical experience. Oliver Reed appeared uncredited in an early Norman Wisdom classic, The Square Peg in 1958, and again with Norman Wisdom in another of his classic comedy films, The Bulldog Breed in (1960), where Reed played the leader of a gang of teddy boys roughing up Norman in a cinema. Reed got his first notable roles in Hammer Films’ Sword of Sherwood Forest (1960), The Two Faces of Dr. Jekyll (1960), Captain Clegg (1962), Pirates of Blood River (1962), and The Curse of the Werewolf (1961). Reed also starred in Paranoiac, and The Damned. In 1964 he starred in the first of six films directed by Michael Winner, The System, (known as The Girl-Getters in the U.S.). More Hammer Films productions followed, such as The Brigand Of Kandahar (1965). He first collaborated with director Ken Russell in a TV biopic of Claude Debussy in 1965, and later played Dante Gabriel Rossetti in Russell’s subsequent TV biopic Dante’s Inferno (1967). In 1966 Reed played a mountain fur trapper, with co-star Rita Tushingham, in an action-adventure film The Trap with a soundtrack by British film composer Ron Goodwin. Reed’s presence could be seen in The Shuttered Room (1967), after which came another performance in the film Women in Love (1969), in which he wrestled nude with Alan Bates in front of a log fire. The controversial 1971 film The Devils was followed in the summer of 1975 by the musical film Tommy, based on The Who’s 1969 concept album Tommy and starring its lead singer Roger Daltrey: all three films were directed by Ken Russell. Reed made another contribution to the horror genre in 1976, acting alongside Karen Black, Bette Davis, and Burgess Meredith in the Dan Curtis film Burnt Offerings. In between those films for Russell, Reed played the role of Bill Sikes, alongside Ron Moody, Shani Wallis, Mark Lester, Jack Wild and Harry Secombe, in his uncle Carol Reed’s 1968 screen version of the hit musical Oliver!. In 1969 Reed played the title role in Michael Winner’s WWII action-comedy Hannibal Brooks, alongside an elephant named Lucy. An anecdote holds that Reed could have been chosen to play James Bond. In 1969, Bond franchise producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman were looking for a replacement for Sean Connery and Reed (who had recently played a resourceful killer in The Assassination Bureau) was mentioned as a possible choice for the role. Whatever the reason, Reed was never to play Bond. After Reed’s death, the Guardian Unlimited called the casting decision, “One of the great missed opportunities of post-war British movie history”. Reed starred as Athos the musketeer in three films based on Alexandre Dumas’s novels. First in The Three Musketeers (1973), followed by The Four Musketeers (1974), and The Return of the Musketeers (1989). He starred in a similarly historical themed film, Crossed Swords (1977), as Miles Hendon alongside Raquel Welch and a grown up Mark Lester, who had worked with Reed in Oliver!. Reed returned to horror as Dr. Hal Raglan in David Cronenberg’s 1979 film The Brood. Fr


Brenda Mae Tarpley achieved fame under what name?

Brenda Mae Tarpley - Genealogy Genealogy Join the world's largest family tree Gender Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos Sister of <private> (Tarpley); <private> (Tarpley) and <private> Tarpley Managed by: Hacklett Lee Brenda Possible relatives: Charles Lee, Charles Schacklett, Julie Shacklett, Ronnie Shacklett, Charles Ronald Shacklett, Ronnie Shacklett, Jolie Shacklett Snider Residences: 1959 - Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Parents: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda_Lee Brenda Mae Tarpley (born December 11, 1944), known as Brenda Lee, is an American performer who sang rockabilly, pop and country music, and had 37 US chart hits during the 1960s, a number surpassed only by Elvis Presley, The Beatles, Ray Charles and Connie Francis. She is best known for her 1960 hit "I'm Sorry", and 1958's "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree", a US holiday standard for more than 50 years. At 4 ft 9 inches tall, she received the nickname Little Miss Dynamite in 1957 after recording the song "Dynamite"; and was one of the earliest pop stars to have a major contemporary international following. Lee's popularity faded in the late 1960s as her voice matured, but she continued a successful recording career by returning to her roots as a country singer with a string of hits through the 1970s and 1980s. She is a member of the Rock and Roll, Country Music, Rockabilly and Hit Parade Halls of Fame. Lee currently lives in Nashville, Tennessee. Early years Lee was born Brenda Mae Tarpley in the charity ward of Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. She weighed 4 pounds 11 ounces at birth. She attended grade schools wherever her father found work, primarily in the corridor between Atlanta and Augusta. Her family was poor, living hand-to-mouth; she shared a bed with her two siblings in a series of three-room houses without running water. Life centered on her parents finding work, their extended family, and the Baptist Church, where she sang solos every Sunday. Lee's father, Ruben Tarpley, was the son of a farmer in Georgia's red-clay belt. Although he stood only 5 ft 7 inches, he was an excellent left-handed pitcher and spent 11 years in the U.S. Army playing baseball. Her mother, Annie Grayce Yarbrough, had a similar background of an uneducated working class family in Greene County, Georgia. Lee was a musical prodigy. Although her family did not have indoor plumbing until after her father's death, they had a battery-powered table radio that fascinated Brenda as a baby. By the time she was two, she could whistle the melody of songs she heard on the radio. Both her mother and sister remembered taking her repeatedly to a local candy store before she turned three; one of them would stand her on the counter and she would earn candy or coins for singing. Child performer Lee's voice, pretty face and stage presence won her wider attention from the time she was five years old. At age six, she won a local singing contest sponsored by local elementary schools. The reward was a live appearance on an Atlanta radio show, Starmakers Revue, where she performed for the next year. Her father died in 1953, and by the time she turned ten, she was the primary breadwinner of her family through singing at events and on local radio and television shows. In 1955, Grayce Tarpley was remarried to Buell "Jay" Rainwater, who moved the family to Cincinnati, Ohio where he worked at the Jimmy Skinner Music Center. Lee performed with Skinner at the record shop on two Saturday programs broadcast over Newport, Kentucky radio station WNOP-AM. The family soon returned to Georgia, however, this time to Augusta, and Lee appeared on the show The Peach Blossom Special on WJAT-AM in Swainsboro. National exposure and stardom Her break into big-time show business came in February 1955, when she turned down $30 to appear on a Swainsboro radio station to see Red Foley and a touring promotional unit of his ABC-TV program Ozark Jubilee in Augusta. An Augusta DJ persuaded Foley to hear her sing bef


In which year was the wearing of crash helmets for motor cycle riders made compulsory?

The Motorcycle Helmet Law The Motorcycle Helmet Law You are here: Home / Rider News EU / The Motorcycle Helmet Law The Motorcycle Helmet Law 7th February 2013 The Motorcycle Helmet Law in the UK – Background Forty years ago, the “Motor Cycles (Wearing of Helmets) Regulations 1973 (S.I., 1973, No. 180), dated 7th February 1973”, was enacted – the statutory instrument came into operation on 1st June of the same year. On April 5th 1973, the order for this regulation was debated in the House of Commons, with members from either side taking opposite views. Many considered this as a gross infringement of personal liberty. However, during World War II, Dr Hugh Cairns, a consulting neurosurgeon to the British Army, recommended mandatory helmet use for British Service dispatch riders, who carried instructions and battle reports between commanders and the front lines via motorcycles. This recommendation was accepted the British Army and crash helmets became compulsory for all army motorcyclists on duty from November 1941. Cairns first became concerned about helmet use after treating the war hero T. E. Lawrence—otherwise known as Lawrence of Arabia—for a fatal head injury suffered during a 1935 motorcycle accident. Lawrence of Arabia, Sir Hugh Cairns, and the Origin of Motorcycle Helmets – Click Here – pdf 825kb On 31st May 1956, a motion was introduced into the House of Commons “(Helmets to be worn by Drivers and Riders of Motorcycles). After a lengthy debate, this motion was withdrawn. New Clause.—(Helmets to be worn by drivers and riders of Motor Cycles.) – Click Here However, six years later in 1962, in the Road Traffic Bill of that year, there was proposed (on Report) a new clause to give the Minister power to make an order such as the one (wearing of helmets), that had been made and was before the House. Road Traffic Bill – Click Here Evening of 1973 In the gallery at the House of Commons on that evening in April 1973, were motorcyclists listening carefully to the debate. MP Ronald Bell (Buckinghamshire South) opened the debate: “I beg to move, That this House takes note of the Motor Cycles (Wearing of Helmets) Regulations 1973 (S.I., 1973, No. 180), dated 7th February 1973, a copy of which was laid before this House on 14th February. Perhaps I should say a word about the form of this motion. It started life as a Prayer against the statutory instrument requiring those riding on motor cycles to wear crash helmets, but before time could be found for it to be debated the 40 days applicable to a Prayer had run out. (NB: known as an Early Day Motion – EDMs against statutory instruments are known as ‘prayer’ and generally the only type of EDM that leads to a debate.) Accordingly, my motion has been transformed into one to “take note” of this statutory instrument. That is the procedure to be adopted, but I assure the House that the last thing I want to do is to take note of this instrument. Since I consider that an important question of principle arises here, having moved that motion, I shall ultimately vote against it and invite my hon. Friends and hon. Members opposite to adopt the same procedure of principle with me and to vote against taking note of this instrument, that being the only way in which at this stage after the 40 days have passed the House can indicate its dissent from the course that has been taken. (…)” Enoch Powell Enoch Powell was noted for his oratorical skills, and for being a maverick . He was a champion of this cause, his powerful intervention in the House of Commons in relation to his opposition to the compulsory wearing of helmets by motorcyclists argued in favour of individual freedom. Although he was not the only MP to oppose this regulation, he was certainly the most eloquent. Herewith are excerpts from Powell’s intervention in the House of Commons that evening: “We are told, first, that avoidable accidents—and nearly all accidents are in one sense or another avoidable—increase the cost imposed on the National Health Service. That is a fallacy, because the cost is not determined by the demands on the NHS


Who voiced the character 'Buzz Lightyear' in 'Toy Story'?

Buzz Lightyear | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [Source] Buzz Lightyear is the deuteragonist of the Disney / Pixar Toy Story movies , the titular protagonist of his own television series and a supporting character in the other Toy Story media. In the theatrical films, the featured Buzz is a toy — a spaceman action figure — whereas the television series follow the adventures of the fictional space ranger on whom the toy is modeled. His often repeated catchphrase is: "To infinity and beyond!" Contents Background History Buzz is a universal space ranger from the Intergalactic Alliance and is stationed in the Gamma Quadrant of Sector 4. He is the captain of the Alliance's team. Lightyear is known for his bravery and courage. Buzz believes that following rules are the way people should live their life. There are rare moments when Buzz will bend the rules or tell a cover story if he needs to when he knows it is the right thing to do. Though a great leader, at times he can be rather unemotional, one of his biggest character flaws. Buzz is said to be Emperor Zurg 's son (à la Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back ) as mentioned in Toy Story 2 , but in Buzz Lightyear of Star Command , this is revealed to be a taunt intended to catch Buzz off guard. Either way, this shows that Buzz does not know his father. Buzz is trained in several forms of martial arts and is a highly skilled warrior in hand to hand combat. Being in peak physical condition, Buzz makes a perfect space ranger and is an example to many. Alter Egos In Toy Story 3 , Buzz Lightyear is shown to have two alternate personalities; delusional and Latin lover. Personality Buzz, like many characters, in Toy Story is a complicated one, who feels genuine emotions such as pride, anger, depression and sadness, much like a regular human and these are traits which he shares with his best friend, Woody, however, one would say that Buzz is better at keeping his emotions in check. A key factor of Buzz's personality is that it is divided by several aspects; demo, play, and Spanish. Demo Buzz also goes through an evolution throughout the series, for example in Toy Story when he was opened by Andy on his birthday, he was incredibly deluded and actually believed that he himself was the real Buzz Lightyear and not the toy which the character was modeled off. Because of this, Buzz also believed he could do everything that the real character was able to do such as fly and that his "laser" was a deadly weapon when it was actually just a light bulb. Although most of the toys took an absolute shine to him, Woody who felt like he was being replaced as Andy's favorite toy was completely irritated by him. In Toy Story 2 while being attacked by another Buzz Lightyear action figure, Buzz even remarked: "tell me I wasn't this deluded." Buzz can come off as being charismatic and charming, most of Andy's toys completely adored him just after he was unwrapped. Even, Andy, whose favorite toy was Sheriff Woody and was completely obsessed with cowboys since kindergarten, went head over heals for Buzz who instantly became his other favorite toy. Buzz also possesses something of a vengeful side, such as attacking Woody when he tried to "terminate" him which was justified by saying "revenge is not something we enforce on my planet. But we're not on my planet, are we?" He is a little bit irrational at times such as attempting to save another toy from being blown up by the neighbourhood juvenile delinquent, Sid despite not realising that he would be destroyed by a human but it also shows that he is quite brave as he was willing to rescue a defenceless person even if the odds were stacked against him. However his personality changed completely after discovering the truth about himself; he really was a toy and went into a state of manic depression, thinking that he himself was nothing more than a worthless toy. However, to prove himself wrong he attempted to fly out of a window but ended up falling and losing his left arm but not before being picked up by Sid's little sister and being renamed, Mrs


Which god, in Egyptian mythology, had the head of a Jackal?

Ancient Egypt: the Mythology - Anubis Anubis Symbols: jackal, ox-hide hanging from a pole, embalming       equipment, flail, flags Cult Center: Heliopolis , Cynopolis The jackal-god of mummification, he assisted in the rites by which a dead man was admitted to the underworld. Anubis was worshipped as       the inventor of embalming and who embalmed the dead Osiris and thereby helping to preserve him that he might live again. Anubis is portrayed as a man with the head of a jackal holding the       divine sceptre carried by kings and gods; as simply a black jackal or as a dog accompanying Isis . His symbol       was a black and white ox-hide splattered with blood and hanging from       a pole. It's meaning is unknown. Anubis had three important functions. He supervised the embalming       of bodies. He received the mummy into the tomb and performed the Opening       of the Mouth ceremony and then conducted the soul in the Field of       Celestial Offerings. Most importantly though, Anubis monitored the       Scales of Truth to protect the dead from deception and eternal death. Early in Egyptian history, Anubis was a god of the dead. This role       was usurped by Osiris as he rose in popularity. The god of embalming is probably associated with the jackal due to       the habits of jackals to lurk about tombs and graves. One of the reasons       the early Egyptians sought to make their tombs more elaborate was       to keep the bodies safe from the jackals lingering about the graves.       It is only natural therefore that a god of mummification would be       connected with them. By worshipping Anubis, the Egyptians hoped to       invoke him to protect their deceased from jackals, and later, the       natural decay that unprotected bodies endure. Anubis was the son of Nephthys , and his       father was Osiris. One myth says that Nephthys got Osiris drunk and       the resultant seduction brought forth Anubis. Yet another says she       disguised herself as Isis and seduced Osiris and subsequently gave       birth to Anubis. Digg This!


On which lake or inland sea does Buffalo stand?

Sample Chapter for Howe, N.: Across an Inland Sea: Writing in Place from Buffalo to Berlin. CHAPTER 1 Inland Sea: Buffalo and Beyond At the start of the twentieth century, my mother's parents left Greece to settle in Buffalo, New York. Earlier in the Greek diaspora, they would have gone to another inland port, to Trebizond on the Black Sea or, most likely, to Alexandria on the Mediterranean. There were distant cousins on my grandmother's side who had settled there; as a young girl my mother met them in Athens where the family had gathered for a reunion in 1928. I sometimes wonder if these cousins knew of Cavafy when he lived in Alexandria and wrote his poems about coming home to Ithaca or waiting for barbarians at the end of things. I have no way of knowing, though, because we lost all trace of them long ago. They would not have been likely to approve of Cavafy; he was a poet, homosexual, anglophile, in short, an alienated native of the Levant rather than a loyal son of Hellas. And family gossip said that our cousins were provincial in ways that only those who live in the ruins of a great civilization can be, for they could always find in the past what they lacked in the present. Had my grandfather settled in Trebizond or Alexandria, this book about places persisting in memory might have been easier to write because those cities have the dusty glamour of old trade routes. But it was Buffalo where he settled, and brought my grandmother after they married, and thus I cannot trade on the romance of lost empire. Instead, I write about Buffalo from the late 1950s through the early 1990s when no travel writer would have put it on his trophy list. It might have earned a brief mention in an itinerary for Niagara Falls, and in that way perhaps have repeated my grandfather's experience. For a few years as a young man he drove a sightseeing bus from the Buffalo train station to the Falls. It was quick tourism before World War I: jump off a New York Central, see a wonder of the world, catch another train out. Thirty-five years are a brief span in the life of a city but those from the late 1950s through the early 1990s marked a change in Buffalo. When I was growing up the Chamber of Commerce proclaimed "Boost Buffalo. It's good for you." As recently as the late seventies you could see these words on the sides of buildings, though the paint had faded and the offices inside were sometimes unoccupied. By then the city was learning to take pride in a more hard-boiled slogan, "Buffalo. City of No Illusions." Being a city of no illusions meant having a kind of weary dignity, a toughness that came from a large working-class population, bad winters, and a suspicion about more cosmopolitan parts of the state, especially New York City. Buffalo knew what it meant to be a city of casualty, a place that Sports Illustrated once called "The Armpit of the East." The journalist, as usual, got it wrong because Buffalo is not really a city of the eastern United States. It began to thrive only after it became the western terminus for the Erie Canal in the late 1820s. To this day, it still feels more than superficially midwestern in its attitudes and tastes. The city has this feel because, resting on the eastern edge of Lake Erie, it belongs to the inland waterways that give coherence to the center of the continent. Starting from Buffalo, you move west to Erie, Cleveland, Toledo, Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, Duluth. Along that network of lakes and rivers runs as well a shared cultural identity, for many who settled in these Rust Belt cities were immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s from Germany and then, in later decades, from Poland and elsewhere in Eastern Europe. Like other cities on the great midwestern lakes, Buffalo once took pride in its local beers: Simon Pure, Kochs, Iroquois, to name only three I drank as a teenager. They were cheaper than the national brands and certainly tasted no worse. Their neon signs dotted the small windows of the corner taverns that could be found in the city's older neighborhoods. Now that these breweries have gone out of


Whose autobiography was entitled 'From Drags To Riches'?

Drag queen Danny La Rue dies aged 81 | Stage | The Guardian Theatre Drag queen Danny La Rue dies aged 81 Danny La Rue, the 'comic in a frock' who was appointed an OBE and performed for the Queen, has died Danny La Rue pictured in his dressing room at a theatre in Woking. Photograph: Martin Godwin Theatre Drag queen Danny La Rue dies aged 81 Danny La Rue, the 'comic in a frock' who was appointed an OBE and performed for the Queen, has died Monday 1 June 2009 09.34 EDT First published on Monday 1 June 2009 09.34 EDT This article is 7 years old Legendary British drag act Danny La Rue has died at the age of 81. The cabaret entertainer spent more than half a century on stage, and was most famous for his impersonations of such diverse female icons as Marlene Dietrich, Zsa Zsa Gabor and Margaret Thatcher. His spokesperson said that La Rue died peacefully in his sleep at his home in Kent. He had been suffering from cancer. Brian Shaw, who worked as La Rue's agent for more than 25 years, described him today as "a true show-business legend" and "a man of real class and style". Born Daniel Patrick Carroll in Ireland in 1927, La Rue was brought to England at the age of nine, and his family settled in London. The youngest of three children, he was evacuated to Devon during the blitz and worked in an Exeter shop after leaving school at the age of 15. La Rue first donned wig and eyelashes during a navy concert party in Singapore at the end of the second world war. He acquired his stage name early on, but disliked being called a drag artist, preferring the title "comic in a frock". La Rue made his London debut at the tiny Irving theatre and worked with Barbara Windsor, who remained a close friend, after he broke into cabaret. As his stage act grew even bigger, he opened his own nightclub in Hanover Square in 1964. The venture was a huge success, attracting more than 13,000 members and shooting La Rue to fame. Judy Garland, Warren Beatty, Shirley Bassey, Noël Coward, Zsa Zsa Gabor and Elizabeth Taylor were all patrons. La Rue went on to appear in pantomime in the 1960s, becoming one of the highest-paid entertainers of the decade. He clocked up 53 panto roles over the course of his 54-year career, andmade theatrical history by becoming the first man to play a female role in a major musical when he took the part of the titular matchmaker in Hello, Dolly! He later said of that role: "It took me 20 years to make something that wasn't acceptable, acceptable. I mean, it's not funny just to put on a frock and a wig. It takes a lot of time to develop a character. But I suppose I must be doing something right, otherwise I wouldn't have lasted." He went on to appear in dozens of TV shows, including The Good Old Days and Tonight With Danny La Rue. He was appointed an OBE in 2002, and performed more than 30 times at Buckingham Palace. He was the first female impersonator to appear at the Royal Variety Performance for the Queen. Following the death of his partner and manager, Jack Hanson, in 1984, La Rue developed a drinking problem and financial troubles, revealed in his 1987 autobiography, From Drags to Riches. He suffered a stroke in 2006, but had a cameo on stage the following year at Benidorm Palace in Spain, appearing in a biographical show entitled Hello Danny. Jerry Lane played the role of La Rue. Noël Coward once described La Rue as "the most professional, most witty and most utterly charming man in the business", while Bob Hope described him as "the most glamorous woman in the world". Danny La Rue, the 'comic in a frock' whose talent won him a host of loyal fans including the Queen and Noël Coward, has died. Take a look at a unique life in showbiz Published: 1 Jun 2009


On which lake or inland sea does Kampala stand?

Geography of Uganda, Landforms - World Atlas Print this map Located on the edge of the Equator, Uganda is positioned in south-central Africa, and bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan and Tanzania. Uganda averages about 1,100 metres (3,609 ft) above sea level, and while much of its border is lakeshore, Uganda is landlocked with no access to the sea. The country is mostly plateau with some rolling hills and low mountains. Grassland and tropical forest dominate the central region, with volcanic foothills in the east. The Ruwenzori Mountains form much of the southwestern border between Uganda and the DRC. The highest peaks there are snow capped. In eastern Uganda, the border with Kenya is marked by volcanic hills. Uganda is replete with water and contains many large lakes. In fact, almost one-fifth of its total area is open water or swampland. Four of East Africa's Great Lakes - Lake Victoria, Lake Kyoga, Lake Albert, and Lake Edward lie within Uganda or on its borders. Lake Victoria is the second largest inland freshwater lake in the world (after Lake Superior), and it feeds the upper waters of the Nile River, which is referred to in this region as the Victoria Nile. Lake Kyoga and the surrounding basin dominate central Uganda. Additional lakes of note include Lake Kwania, Lake Bugondo, Lake George and Lake Opeta. The Nile River leaves Lake Victoria near Jinja, as the Victoria Nile. It flows for approximately 300 miles (500 km) further, through Lake Kyoga, until it reaches Lake Albert. After leaving Lake Albert, the river is known as the Albert Nile. It then flows into Sudan, where it is known as the Bahr al Jabal, or Mountain Nile.


What is the largest member of the Tuba family?

Beginning Band: Brass Family - Trumpet - French Horn - Trombone - Baritone - Tuba Home Articles and Information Sound Clips Instrument Recommendations Contact Us The Brass Family The brass family consists of 5 major instruments with many other similar variations on them. The Trumpet/Cornet , the French Horn , the Trombone , the Baritone/Euphonium , and the Tuba/Sousaphone . Sound is produced by each instrument in the family by buzzing the lips together into the mouthpiece. These instruments are a part of the band program, along with the woodwinds family and the percussion family. The Trumpet and Cornet are two different instruments but their differences are so trivial, beginning band teachers don´t distinguish between the two. These instruments are the highest and smallest members of the brass family. The French Horn is a brass instrument somewhat larger than a trumpet so its pitched lower. It´s a beautiful sounding instrument but beginners should be aware of a serious difficulty with learning to play the French Horn. The Trombone , unlike the French Horn and Trumpet is considered 'low brass' and reads from the bass clef, opposed to the higher treble clef that is read by the higher instruments. The trombone is a brass instrument with a unique feature. Rather than valves or keys that are pushed with the fingertips, the trombone uses a slide to change pitches. The Baritone and Euphonium are two seperate instruments but the difference is minor and not important for a beginning band student. A baritone or euphonium can be considered a double sized trumpet or a half sized tuba. The Tuba and Sousaphone are two seperate instruments but the difference is minor and not important for a beginning band student. They are the largest and lowest instruments of the brass family.


Hamid Karzai is the current (2011) President of which Asian country?

Hamid karzai: Latest News & Videos, Photos about Hamid karzai | The Economic Times - Page 3 According to sources, the US was hoping that India could help persuade Karzai to ink an agreement for some US troops to stay in Afghanistan after 2014. 12 Dec, 2013, 08.55PM IST Afghanistan Prez Hamid Karzai will arrive to India on Thursday on a 4-day visit during which he is expected to press for supply of military hardware by India to strengthen the country's security. 11 Dec, 2013, 09.41PM IST India cannot officially be a party to the BSA, its critical geopolitical interests are tied to the agreement whose signing has been delayed by Karzai. 6 Dec, 2013, 03.51AM IST Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai has invited Indian producers to come and film in his country. He promised safety and provision of logistical support to the filmmakers. 13 Nov, 2012, 12.42PM IST Hamid Karzai today pitched for a joint campaign against extremism with Pakistan and sought its cooperation to jumpstart the peace process. 26 Aug, 2013, 05.44PM IST President Hamid Karzai has blamed the Lashkar-e-Taiba for the strike that was foiled by Afghan security forces and Indian paramilitary forces. 28 May, 2014, 04.01AM IST During his first bilateral meeting with any international leader after assuming charge, Modi thanked Karzai for the assistance provided by the Afghan forces. 27 May, 2014, 08.49PM IST Washington was not surprised that the meeting did not work out at short notice, after Obama arrived at the base on a surprise visit after night fell today. 26 May, 2014, 01.51AM IST "President Karzai & I talked about consulate attack in Herat. He assured me he will do everything to protect India's Missions in Afghanistan." 23 May, 2014, 09.08PM IST Islamabad has always viewed India’s engagement in Afghanistan with a measure of suspicion and New Delhi is wary of making any move that will fan these concerns. 23 May, 2013, 07.05AM IST Afghan today said it was looking for enhanced defence cooperation with India from where it was expecting supply of lethal military equipment 16 May, 2013, 07.34PM IST


In which year was it made compulsory that passengers in the rear sets of a car had to wear seat belts?

Unbelted rear passengers 'biggest danger in crash' - Telegraph Unbelted rear passengers 'biggest danger in crash' By David Derbyshire, Science Correspondent 12:01AM GMT 04 Jan 2002 THE risks of dying in the front seat during a car crash increase fivefold if passengers in the back refuse to wear seat-belts, a new study shows. Analysis of 100,000 accidents has found that unbelted back seat passengers pose the biggest threat to drivers and front seat passengers. If rear seat-belts had been used in all the accidents studied, the deaths of almost 80 per cent of belted front seat occupants could have been avoided, the report concludes. Although it became compulsory to wear rear seatbelts in 1991, more than half of all passengers still refuse to use them. Men are more reluctant to wear them than women. During a car accident at 30mph, a typical rear passenger is flung forward at 30mph with a force of 3.5tons. That is enough to crush the driver or front passenger fatally. The heavier the passenger, the more damage they cause. Related Articles Plan to stop children using adult seat belts 05 Mar 2001 The new study came from Dr Masao Ichikawa, of Tokyo University, who reported the findings in The Lancet. His team studied records of about 74,000 drivers and 30,000 front seat passengers involved in collisions. Of these, 211 drivers and 173 front seat passengers died. "The risk of death of drivers and front seat passengers who used seat-belts was increased about fivefold when rear seat occupants were unrestrained." In head-on collisions, the risks for front seat occupants increased six or seven times if rear passengers were not strapped in, he said. "Our findings provide a basis for making rear seat-belt use compulsory. "Most deaths and severe injuries of front seat occupants would potentially be averted by rear seat-belt use. "To reduce the burden of road traffic injuries, we recommend that all car occupants should wear seat-belts for protection of not only themselves, but also the other passengers." Forty front seat passengers are thought to die each year in Britain as a result of back seat passengers not wearing belts, the Transport Department said. A total of 120 deaths and 1,000 serious injuries could be avoided if rear seat-belts were worn in all cars.


Assassinated by his nephew in 1975, of which country was Faisal the king?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1975: Saudi's King Faisal assassinated About This Site | Text Only 1975: Saudi's King Faisal assassinated King Faisal of Saudi Arabia has died after a gun attack in Riyadh despite the efforts of doctors to save him. The king was rushed to hospital still alive and doctors massaged his heart and gave him a blood transfusion but they were unable to save him. King Faisal was fatally wounded when his nephew Prince Faisal Ibu Musaed allegedly fired three bullets at him with a pistol at point blank range during a royal audience. According to eyewitnesses, Prince Musaed was waiting in the ante-room and talking to a Kuwaiti delegation who were waiting to meet the king. Prince seized King Faisal had bent forward to kiss his nephew but Prince Musaed was reported to have pulled out a pistol and shot him under the chin and then through the ear. One of the king's bodyguards hit the prince with his sword, although it was still sheathed. Oil minister Sheikh Yamani is reported to have shouted to the guard not to kill the prince. Prince Faisal Ibu Musaed was seized immediately after he attacked his uncle and is being questioned by Saudi police about the assassination. Doctors and psychiatrists have confirmed that they believe he is "mentally unbalanced". Both before and after the assassination Prince Musaed was reported to be calm. Since the killing, Riyadh has closed down completely for three days of mourning. King Khalid, the brother of the assassinated king, has taken his place by agreement of the Saudi royal family.


What domestic appliance was invented in 1901 by Alva J. Fisher?

washing machine : definition of washing machine and synonyms of washing machine (English)   Irreler Bauerntradition shows an early Miele washing machine at the Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum   A electric wringer/mangle washing machine (1930) Laundering by hand involves beating and scrubbing dirty textiles. Clothes washer technology developed as a way to reduce the manual labor spent, providing an open basin or sealed container with paddles or fingers to automatically agitate the clothing. The earliest machines were hand-operated and constructed from wood, while later machines made of metal permitted a fire to burn below the washtub, keeping the water warm throughout the day's washing (the entire process often occupied an entire day of hard work, plus drying and ironing ).The earliest special-purpose washing device was the scrub board, invented in 1797. [1] As electricity was not commonly available until at least 1930, some early washing machines were operated by a low-speed single-cylinder hit and miss gasoline engine. By the mid-1850s, steam-driven commercial laundry machinery was on sale in the US and UK. [2] Technological advances in machinery for commercial and institutional washers proceeded faster than domestic washer design for several decades, especially in the UK. In the US there was more emphasis on developing machines for washing at home, though machines for commercial laundry services were widely used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [3] The rotary washing washing machine was patented by Hamilton Smith in 1858. [1] Because water often had to be hand carried, heated on a fire for washing, then poured into the tub, the warm soapy water was precious and would be reused, first to wash the least soiled clothing, then to wash progressively dirtier laundry. Removal of soap and water from the clothing after washing was originally a separate process. After rinsing, the soaking wet clothing would be formed into a roll and twisted by hand to extract water. To help reduce this labor, the wringer/mangle machine was developed, which used two rollers under spring tension to squeeze water out of clothing and household linen. Each laundry item would be fed through the wringer separately. The first wringers were hand-cranked, but were eventually included as a powered attachment above the washer tub. The wringer would be swung over the wash tub so that extracted wash water would fall back into the tub to be reused for the next load. As the term "mangle" implies, these early machines were quite dangerous, especially if powered and not hand-driven. A user's fingers, hand, arm, or hair could become entangled in the laundry being squeezed, resulting in horrific injuries. Safer mechanisms were developed over time, and the more hazardous designs were eventually outlawed.[ citation needed ] The modern process of water removal by spinning did not come into use until electric motors were developed. Spinning requires a constant high-speed power source, and was originally done in a separate device known as an "extractor". A load of washed clothing would be transferred from the wash tub to the extractor basket, and the water spun out in a separate operation. [4] These early extractors were often dangerous to use, since unevenly distributed loads would cause the machine to shake violently. Many efforts were been made to counteract the shaking of unstable loads, such as mounting the spinning basket on a free-floating shock-absorbing frame to absorb minor imbalances, and a bump switch to detect severe movement and stop the machine so that the load could be manually redistributed. What is now referred to as an automatic washer was at one time referred to as a "washer/extractor", which combines the features of these two devices into a single machine, plus the ability to fill and drain water by itself. It is possible to take this a step further, and to also merge the automatic washing machine and clothes dryer into a single device, called a combo washer dryer .   Milestones   A vintage German model   Early machines The first English pa


Which singer was married to actor Emilio Estevez from 1992 - 1994?

Biography: Emilio Estevez August 4, 2010 LT Staff Biography: Emilio Estevez Emilio Estévez (born May 12, 1962) is an American actor, film director, writer and poet. He started his career as an actor and is well-known for being a member of the acting Brat Pack of the 1980s, starring in The Breakfast Club and St. Elmo’s Fire. He is also known for Repo Man, The Mighty Ducks and its sequels, Maximum Overdrive, and his performances in western films such as Young Guns and its sequel. One of his first appearances was “Two-Bit” in The Outsiders. Estevez has two children with ex-girlfriend and model Carey Salley. They have a son, Taylor Levi Estevez (born in June 1984), and a daughter, Paloma Rae Estevez (born in February 1986). He was briefly engaged to actress Demi Moore before the relationship ended, although they remain good friends. The two starred as a feuding married couple in Bobby, alongside Moore’s real-life husband Ashton Kutcher. On April 29, 1992, Estevez married singer-choreographer Paula Abdul . They divorced in May 1994, with Abdul later stating that she wanted children and Estevez, who already had two children from a previous relationship, did not. In 2006, Estevez announced his engagement to writer Sonja Magdevski.


Welsh leader Owen Glendower rebelled against which English king?

Owen Glendower (Owain Glyndwr), last Welsh Prince of Wales The followers of Owen Glendower, the medieval Welsh nationalist leader who disappeared in about 1415, firmly believed that should Wales be in any danger from the English, he would return and free them from oppression. His name is still remembered and revered today. Owen Glyn Dŵr, Owen of the Glen of Dee Water, was thought to have been born in the year 1354, although the exact date is unknown. He claimed descent from Llewelyn the Great and the ruling princes of Wales . He was the heir to two of the four great princely houses of Wales and following his father's death in 1370, received the best education that money could buy in London. He even enjoyed the fashionable 'finishing school' environment provided by the Inns of Court. He went on to serve the English Crown as a soldier against the Scots, and wearing a scarlet flamingo feather as his crest he is said to have bore down on the Scotsmen before him with only the butt of his broken lance! He married the daughter of an Anglo-Welsh judge, fathering six sons with remarkable speed, and led a very peaceful life on his pleasant estates. It was, however, in the late 1390's that the seeds of rebellion were sown, following a series of disagreements and disputes with the English Crown and Parliament concerning the loss of lands and honour. And so in September, 1400, when he was 50, Owen organised a rebellion against the recently usurping English king, Henry IV and claimed the title, Prince of Wales. His popularity appears to have soared almost overnight with Welsh students, seeing in him the leader they had long been looking for, abandoning their university studies to join him. Welsh labourers threw down their hoes and joined the national uprising. More importantly for Owen, hundreds of seasoned Welsh archers and soldiers, fresh from campaigns in France and Scotland, left English service to join the rebellion. Owen’s forces spread quickly through northeast Wales. Ruthin , Denbigh, Rhuddlan, Flint, Hawarden, Holt, Oswestry and Welshpool fell quickly. Simultaneously, the Tudor brothers from Anglesey launched a guerrilla war against the English. The Tudors were a prominent Anglesey family and cousins of Owen. Owen's cause continued to grow fast - in 1401, despite English expeditions into north and south Wales his stature grew as a national hero. The whole of northern and central Wales went over to Owain. In 1402 the sighting of a great comet in the sky was taken by Owen's followers to be a sign of victory and they captured Owen's enemy Reginald Grey of Ruthin. Grey was later released on the payment of a ransom of £6,666. Owen was blessed with a sound common sense, and when Edmund Mortimer, the King's nephew was captured, he did not demand a ransom for him, but married him instead to his daughter Catherine. Now Owen was on course for not only the throne of Wales, but for that of England too! Owen continued to fight the English but after the battle at Woodbury Hill near Worcester in 1405 he retreated back to Wales. In Wales, Owen issued the Pennal Manifesto on the future of the Welsh Church which was supported by most of the churchmen. It appears that not all of the churchmen were loyal to the end though. Prior to the battle of Pwll Melyn in 1406, legend has it that a friar had preached with great spirit that all who fell in the fighting would sup that night in heaven! As it became obvious that defeat for Owen's army was in the wind, the friar tried to slip away, however some soldiers caught him and pointed out to him that he was missing the chance of a heavenly banquet; he smartly informed them that this was one of his fast days, and scurried away to safety. Following this defeat, one by one, Owen's castles surrendered to the English, his wife and children were captured, and by 1410 he had become a hunted outlaw. Despite the substantial rewards being offered, Owen was never captured or betrayed and his place of hiding remains a mystery to this day. Fragments of information about him kept surfacing, until 1416 when he was belie


What now common devise was proposed by Townes in 1958 and built by Maiman in 1960? Townes got the Nobel Prize and Maiman filed the patent?

Laser Information Age Links | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Laser Laser Information Age Links Download Description Microtrends reported that there are over 28 million college dropouts in the USA; this is more than the entire population of Venezuela (27 million)! People are denied access to higher education beca... Microtrends reported that there are over 28 million college dropouts in the USA; this is more than the entire population of Venezuela (27 million)! People are denied access to higher education because of the financial, cognitive and social problems that were created by incoherent domestic policies that favored corporate interest. These policies have disproportionately affected the poor and the middle class citizen. Because of the democratic deficit or inequality that resulted from the practice of State Capitalism in the USA and the world over there is a huge and growing gap between the wealthy and the poor, between private and public education and between what we know and what we do. MIT's philosophy of learning by doing with mind and hand is revolutionizing online education and filling all those gaps. You are only a few clicks away from accessing the most powerful educational knowledge base on the planet! Laser Information Age unveils the new photonic world that is emerging all around us. The book shows how the invisible background lasers that inform our internet and the cosmic infrastructure will now be the visible interface through which we interact with each other and the world. These new lasers are illuminating our collective intelligence in the foreground of our visual perception. A few proportional thoughts informed the holistic vision of this book. From these ideas I derived the notion that Einstein's radiant thoughts are to the real world what Laser theorists are to laser power systems. These Laser power systems are connected to the photonic power line networks (power, video, audio and data over fiber and free space optics). In conclusion: Solar Fusion Power is to Geothermal Power what Photonic Power is to Brain Power. Just as geothermal power transduces and distributes the solar fusion power into the biosphere, Laser brain power transduces and distributes the photonic power to the Living human body. Einstein educed or drew out the coherent light from the quantum background of nature and projected it unto the foreground of scientific knowledge. In turn, the scientific coherence in the foreground of the knowledge society became a self-reflecting mirror that awakened and augmented our collective visual consciousness. Applying the proportional idea to the Society of Organizations (the relations between the Government, the University and Corporations) or the Triple Helix, the book describes and illustrates how a freely emergent Open Resource Based Economy (ORBE) is revolutionizing or reversing the roles of all these organizations. We are going from the abuses of private corporate gains to the well being of the public domain. By judiciously employing open source software with open education we can educate the future generation to manage all the planetary resources democratically. ORBE is based on the coherent light of lasers and with it a new politics is also emerging. What State Capitalism is to the current US and Global Economy, Libertarian Socialism is to the future ORBE. While State Capitalism is based on the impersonal value of a monetary system over people and nature, Libertarian Socialism is based on the personal and social value of knowledge and the creative imagination. For Libertarian Socialism Universally Educated People are the most valuable players (MVP) of the democratic society. Universal access to this genuine knowledge based economy is now a reality thanks to MIT Open CourseWare, a free online University that is working with UNESCO's Virtual University consortia, online public libraries, Open Journals, Open Data Bases, the National Institutes of Health, the Non-Profit Foundations and the National Research Laboratories. This book therefore Guides Independent Online Students into R


Assassinated along with several members of his family in 2001 by the heir to his throne, of which country was Birendra the king?

BBC News | SOUTH ASIA | Nepal royal family massacred Saturday, 2 June, 2001, 06:40 GMT 07:40 UK Nepal royal family massacred Police control crowds outside the royal palace The king and queen of Nepal have been killed in a massacre of royal family members by the heir to the throne. We have been orphaned by this loss Kathmandu resident Eleven people - including several members of the royal family - were shot dead late on Friday evening, apparently after a dinner table dispute about a bride for the heir to the throne. King Birendra's 29-year-old son, Crown Prince Dipendra, opened fire on his parents and other family members before turning his sub-machine gun on himself. Some reports say he is on life support in hospital. Crown Prince Dipendra: Unhappy about choice of bride He had apparently disagreed with his mother, Queen Aiswarya, over his choice of wife. Hundreds of people are milling around the Kathmandu palace in shock, waiting for news. Crown Prince Dipendra, educated at exclusive Eton College in the United Kingdom, is reported to have been at odds with his family for some time over his choice of bride. According to recent press reports, astrologers had advised that the crown prince should not be allowed to marry or have children until he reached the age of 35. The astrologers warned that the king would die if this advice was ignored. Revered Nepal's privy council are meeting to choose a successor as a shocked nation attempts to come to terms with the news. Security was tight outside the army hospital, where the dead and injured were taken The king's younger brother and probable successor, Prince Gyanendra, was away from the capital. Poor weather has delayed his return from Chitwan, 120km (75 miles) from Kathmandu. The king and queen's other two children - Prince Nirajan and Princess Shruti - are among the dead. The murders are thought to be the worst mass killing of royalty since the Romanovs were put to death by order of Lenin in 1918 during the Russian civil war. "This is a most unfortunate and shocking event," said Deputy Prime Minister Ram Chandra Paudel. "Shocking is an understatement, we have been orphaned by this loss," said a vegetable seller, Janardan Sharma, who like many in Kathmandu rushed to the royal palace early on Saturday to try to find out more news of the tragedy. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan's office issued a statement saying that he was "profoundly shocked". Popular King Birendra, 55, ruled Nepal as an absolute monarch after ascending the throne in 1972, without political parties under a system of local panchayats or councils. But nationwide unrest forced him to legalise political parties in 1990 and accept a parliamentary system. However, the king has remained extremely popular in Nepal. Last December hundreds of people lined the streets of Kathmandu to greet the king on his 55th birthday. Some people in Nepal, which is 90% Hindu, believe that the king is the reincarnation of the god Vishnu. Search BBC News Online