From which popular musical do we get the songs ‘The Impossible Dream’ and ‘Dulcinea’?

MAN OF LA MANCHA SOUNDTRACK - THE IMPOSSIBLE DREAM (THE QUEST) LYRICS The Impossible Dream (The Quest) Lyrics Man Of La Mancha Soundtrack - The Impossible Dream (The Quest) Lyrics Man Of La Mancha Soundtrack Miscellaneous The Impossible Dream (The Quest) ALDONZA Why do you do these things? DON QUIXOTE These ridiculous... the things you do! DON QUIXOTE I hope to add some measure of grace to the world. ALDONZA The world's a dung heap and we are maggots that crawl on it! DON QUIXOTE My Lady knows better in her heart. ALDONZA What's in my heart will get me halfway to hell. And you, Señor Don Quixote-you're going to take such a beating! Whether I win or lose does not matter. ALDONZA Only that I follow the quest. ALDONZA (turns, marches away; stops, turns bock and asks, awkwardly) What does that mean... quest? DON QUIXOTE It is the mission of each true knight... His duty... nay, his privilege! To dream the impossible dream, To fight the unbeatable foe, To bear with unbearable sorrow To run where the brave dare not go; To right the unrightable wrong. To love, pure and chaste, from afar, To try, when your arms are too weary, To reach the unreachable star! This is my Quest to follow that star, No matter how hopeless, no matter how far, To fight for the right Without question or pause, To be willing to march into hell For a heavenly cause! And I know, if I'll only be true To this glorious Quest, That my heart will lie peaceful and calm When I'm laid to my rest. And the world will be better for this, That one man, scorned and covered with scars, Still strove, with his last ounce of courage, To reach the unreachable stars! Embed Get the embed code
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Man Of La Mancha Soundtrack - Miscellaneous Album Lyrics

1.	Man Of La Mancha (I, Don Quixote)

2.	It's All The Same

3.	Dulcinea

4.	I'm Only Thinking Of Him

5.	The Missive

6.	I Really Like Him

7.	What Does He Want Of Me

8.	Barber's Song

9.	Golden Helmet Of Mambrino

10.


What is the given name of the daughter born to Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise?

Katie Holmes & Tom Cruise's Baby: A 'Blue-Eyed Beauty' Katie Holmes & Tom Cruise's Baby: A 'Blue-Eyed Beauty' Email Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise “joyously welcomed the arrival of a baby girl, Suri, today,” Cruise’s rep said in a statement after PEOPLE first broke the news Tuesday afternoon. “The child weighed 7 pounds, 7 ounces and was 20 inches in length. Both mother and daughter are doing well.” Suri was born in an L.A.-area hospital – just down the hall from where Brooke Shields gave birth to her daughter Grier on the same day. The birth went so smoothly that Holmes left the hospital within 24 hours. Holmes, Cruise and baby Suri are back home now and doing well. Suri “has lots and lots of dark hair and big, blue eyes,” says a source close to Holmes’s family. “She’s going to be a beautiful baby.” Adds Cruise’s friend Kirstie Alley: “Tom does everything 150 percent, and fatherhood he does 300 percent. They’re going to have a great kid.” The name Suri has its origins in Hebrew meaning “princess,” or in Persian meaning “red rose.” Last October, barely six months into their romance, an ecstatic Cruise and Holmes revealed that they were expectant parents. Cruise, 43, and Holmes, 27, had made no secret of their desire to start a family together: When asked by PEOPLE last June if they were planning to have children, Holmes smiled and said simply, “Yes.” Friends of the Toledo, Ohio-bred Holmes called her perfectly suited to her upcoming role. “She almost seems born for motherhood,” said Oliver Hudson, actress Kate Hudson’s brother and an old pal who costarred with Holmes in Dawson’s Creek. “She’s a nurturer. She’s got mother qualities a lot of girls her age don’t have.” Cruise, meanwhile, is “a great dad already,” according to his pal, actress Leah Remini. He has two children from his marriage to Nicole Kidman: Isabella, 13, and Connor, 11, whom Cruise and Kidman adopted as infants. Remini told PEOPLE that both kids are “so cool You can sit and talk to them about life.” As for marriage, Cruise and Holmes plan to tie the knot soon, Cruise said on the German TV program Wetten, dass..? on April 1. “In summer we want to get married. I won’t let this woman get away.” Immediately ahead for the new dad: the May 5 release of Mission: Impossible 3. Holmes stars in the recently released satirical film about Washington politics, Thank You for Smoking. For more details, pick up this week’s issue of PEOPLE, on newsstands Friday. Show Full Article


Which former Playboy model was the subject of an opera by Mark-Anthony Turnage?

Mark-Anthony Turnage: A life in music | Music | The Guardian A life in ... Mark-Anthony Turnage: A life in music 'A 19th-century courtesan is grist to the mill of opera composers. But because Anna Nicole died in 2007 it makes people uncomfortable' Mark-Anthony Turnage. Photograph: Philip Gatward Saturday 22 January 2011 02.59 EST First published on Saturday 22 January 2011 02.59 EST Share on Messenger Close Two years ago Covent Garden announced that it was to stage a new opera by composer Mark-Anthony Turnage. It would be based on the life of Anna Nicole Smith , the Playboy model who became a tabloid sensation by means of her brief marriage to an 89-year-old billionaire, the subsequent courtroom battles over his will, the lurid details of her life and the sordid circumstances of her death, aged only 39, from a drug overdose in a Florida hotel room in 2007. The Guardian arts pages responded with a snap readers' poll. " Is the life and death of Anna Nicole Smith a good subject for an opera? " it asked. "And for a moment or two that did shock me," recalls Turnage. "It's not what you're used to, but pretty quickly I realised it was actually an appropriate response in that the opera deals with modern celebrity, part of which seems to involve public voting for TV programmes such as Big Brother and X Factor and all the other reality shows. Of course the result of the poll wouldn't have affected what we did [the final vote was 78.2% for and 21.8% against], but I was actually quite pleased to see that the public agreed with us." Turnage, who despite turning 50 last year is still widely regarded as one of the most prominent younger British composers, admits he is "slightly ashamed" to be familiar with X Factor. "How can I put this? It is on in our house and although I don't pay that much attention, I'm always amazed that no one has picked up that they all sing sharp." He was also "half-aware" of Smith during her life and when invited by Covent Garden to write an opera she came to mind. "Finding subjects is always difficult, but her life was undoubtedly very operatic." Anna Nicole opens on 17 February with a libretto by Richard Thomas of Jerry Springer: The Opera fame and directed by Richard Jones. Dutch soprano Eva-Maria Westbroek will sing the lead. "The more we looked into it, the more interesting it got," Turnage says. "There is all the modern celebrity stuff of cosmetic surgery, drugs, dramatic weight loss and gain. It also has the big eternal themes of love, death, jealousy, marriage, sex and money. And it's hardly unknown in opera for the morally suspect soprano to die in the last scene. But also the details are fascinating. She was from a dirt-poor background, her mother was a sheriff; Marshall, the old man she married wasn't stupid, he was a former Harvard professor who had written textbooks about oil." Smith's notoriety has continued after her death with controversies and conspiracies about questions of paternity and the supply of drugs. She was even the subject of a WikiLeaks diplomatic cable reporting the chaos her presence had wrought on the government and media of the Bahamas. The immediacy of her story appealed to Turnage. "The trouble with a lot of operatic subjects is their distance from today. I'm not against using myth or history, and obviously I'm aware that both can have relevance to me and to now. But in reality it hardly ever grabs me like that. It too often feels that it's just about Orpheus and becomes rather worthy stuff to which you fall asleep. It's what Richard Jones calls 'classy snooze'. Which is pretty much the definition of what I try to avoid." Turnage's willingness to engage with the nitty gritty of contemporary life is matched by his openness to popular music: most obvious has been a love of jazz, with nods to such artists as Miles Davis, going back to the very beginning of his career, but he doesn't deal exclusively with such respected work. Careful listeners to his 1988 opera Greek, the piece that established his reputation, might catch a hint of the old ITV World of Sport theme tune. More rece


During a Papal visit, which nation observed Good Friday for the first time in 50 years?

Cubans Get Good Friday Holiday for the First Time in More Than 50 Years | ncregister.com Pope Benedict XVI and Cuban President Raul Castro speak during a farewell ceremony as the Pope leaves Cuba after a three day visit on March 28. (Sven Creutzmann-Pool/Getty Images) Apr. 6, 2012 Cubans Get Good Friday Holiday for the First Time in More Than 50 Years Pope Benedict’s pilgrimage brought the change, but will it be permanent? VICTOR GAETAN In Cuba, today is the first Good Friday being celebrated as a national holiday in over 50 years, thanks to Pope Benedict XVI. As a result of the Pope’s request to the Cuban regime when he met President Raul Castro last week in Havana, the government has declared a day off for the solemnity that marks Christ’s crucifixion, explaining in a statement that the decision honors the Pope’s “transcendental visit.” Cuba’s Council of Ministers, its highest governing body, will decide whether to make the day a permanent holiday in the future. The Vatican spokesman, Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi, considers this news “a very positive sign.” “The Holy See hopes that this will promote participation in religious celebrations and happy Easter holidays, and that even after the visit of the Holy Father, continue to bear the desired fruits for the good of the Church and of all Cubans,” Father Lombardi observed in a statement . Not positive were revelations of extensive human-rights abuses committed by the Cuban regime during and after Pope Benedict’s three-day pilgrimage. On April 4, the independent Cuban Human Rights and National Reconciliation Commission confirmed that at least 43 government critics were arrested following the Pope’s visit and remain in jail. Commission leader Elizardo Sanchez described a “wave of repression” initiated by Cuban secret police that began during the Pope’s visit when hundreds of regime opponents were jailed or put under house arrest to prevent them from participating in the Pope’s public appearances. State Department spokesman Mark Toner said, “We call upon the Cuban government to release all peaceful civil society activists immediately. “We particularly condemn that most of these arrests took place during the Pope’s visit and with the aim of preventing those arrested from attending public Masses that the Pope officiated.” According to the Voice of America (VOA), Cuban citizens, ranging from artists to bloggers to priests, were harassed while Pope Benedict was on the island.   VOA reporter Jerome Socolovsky attended an informal meeting of some of the individuals who were targeted, Including a Catholic priest from Santiago de Cuba, Father Jose Conrado Rodriguez. Father Rodriguez described how his house was surrounded by police who were determined to keep him away from the papal Mass. "In the Church, whoever prevents a priest or ordinary Christian from directly communicating with the Holy Father commits a grave offense," he said. He offered to share similar experiences with the papal nuncio. According to one member of the entourage from Italy traveling with Pope Benedict, the Pope himself was aware of the tensions in Cuba. Describing Pope Benedict as an “extraordinarily sensitive man, especially where matters of worship are concerned,” this source, who asked not to be named, said the Pope certainly felt the difference between the response of the jubilant Mexican faithful and the people in Cuba who were “curious but cautious,” possibly because many were instructed to attend Mass by their government employers. Writing in The Miami Herald , political analyst Carlos Alberto Montaner consulted “ecclesiastical sources” and concluded that the Vatican is well aware of the crackdown on the island, noting, as well, a division among Catholic priests between those who favor more coordination with the Castro regime and those who favor more confrontational tactics to gain freedom. ‘Curiosity Is Killing Us’ Where there is no dispute regarding the value of the Pope’s visit to Cuba is among American pilgrims who participated in the historical event: There are hundreds of wonderful stories fr


Which author of ‘Jonathon Livingston Seagull’ was injured, ironically, in a flying accident?

Author Richard Bach injured in plane crash | The Seattle Times Author Richard Bach injured in plane crash Originally published September 1, 2012 at 5:36 pm Updated September 1, 2012 at 7:46 pm Emergency personnel attend to pilot Richard Bach after his plane crashed in a field in Friday Harbor. Bach, the author of the 1970s best-selling novella “Jonathan Livingston Seagull,” was in serious condition Saturday at Harborview Medical Center. Author Richard Bach, whose "Jonathan Livingston Seagull" was a 1970s best-seller, was in serious condition at Harborview Medical Center Saturday after his small plane crashed Friday on San Juan Island. Share story Sandi Doughton Seattle Times staff reporters The son of “Jonathan Livingston Seagull” author Richard Bach said he’ll know his father will be OK if he wakes up worried about his plane. “He’s so in love with that airplane, and he’s had so much fun with it,” said James Marcus Bach. The elder Bach, a best-selling author whose writings often speak to the ecstasy of flight, was in serious condition Saturday at Harborview Medical Center with a head injury and a punctured lung, after crashing the amphibious plane he calls “Puff” on San Juan Island Friday afternoon. James Bach said doctors are most concerned about the head injury. “We’re in a wait-and-see mode,” he said. Most Read Stories Unlimited Digital Access. $1 for 4 weeks. Bach, 76, was flying from his home on Orcas Island to visit an old friend on neighboring San Juan Island. As he attempted to land on a grass air strip on the friend’s property, the plane snagged some power lines and crashed, said a spokesman for the San Juan County Sheriff’s office. Two power poles snapped, and the live wires sparked a grass fire. Bach’s plane flipped, leaving him hanging upside down from his harness. A group of campers from Seattle saw the accident and cut Bach free, the San Juan Islander reported. “He was bleeding,” camper Lucy Williams told the online newspaper. “He had a dent in his head.” James Bach said his father had never landed at the airstrip before but had been warned about the power lines. “I don’t know if he forgot, or he didn’t see them, or he thought they were on the other side.” Flying was a transcendent experience for Richard Bach, and he wove the theme into much of his writing. “Dad regards flying as his religion, and he’s very serious about that,” James Bach said. The 1970 novella that catapulted Bach to the top of best-seller lists featured a rebel seagull who flew for the sheer joy of it and soared above the narrow conventions of his flock. Panned by many critics, the book found a loyal following, with fans embracing the message of hope and the feathered hero’s rejection of materialism. The book was made into a movie, with a soundtrack by Neil Diamond. Bach authored several other spiritually themed books, including “Illusions: The Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah.” “My father writes books about what it’s possible to do with a positive spirit, and that’s how he lives,” said James Bach. A native of Illinois, Bach moved to the San Juan Islands about 20 years ago, settling in Eastsound on Orcas Island. He reveled in the wild beauty and shared pictures and videos through his website. Bach recently flew his stylish SeaRey seaplane across country. He was finishing a book about the aircraft and his adventures with it, James Bach said. The Federal Aviation Administration registry describes the craft as home-built,” and lists its manufacturer as James G. Gilbert. James Bach said his father did not assemble the plane, which can land equally well on water and solid ground. The National Transportation Safety Administration and the FAA will investigate the accident, FAA spokesman Ian Gregor said in an email Saturday. NTSB should post a preliminary report within one or two weeks Bach began flying at the age of 17, and spent several years as a military fighter pilot. “He always said … the right way for him to die is while flying,” James Bach said. “What I’m more afraid of than anything else is that he’ll recover from this and not be able


Which Scandinavian retailer air-brushed women from the Saudi edition of its catalogue?

No girls allowed: Women airbrushed out of IKEA’s Saudi Arabian catalogue — RT News Tags Human rights , Photography , Saudi Arabia The pictures in the Saudi catalogue display the same interiors and products, but no women. While international versions of the same catalogue featured four designers on the cover, there are only three in the Saudi edition – the female designer was airbrushed out of the picture. Photo: Ikea One of the pictures showed a mother in front of a bathroom mirror alongside her family, but the Saudi edition removed the mother. In another picture, a barefoot woman with earrings was replaced by a man in black socks. Sweden's Minister of Trade Ewa Björling argued that the retouched images are a "sad example that shows that there is a long way to go in terms of equality between men and women in Saudi Arabia." "Women cannot be retouched away in reality. If Saudi Arabia does not allow women to appear [in public] or work, they lose about half their intellectual capital," she told Swedish newspaper Metro. IKEA spokesperson Ylva Magnusson told German press agency dpa that the catalogue was designed by an external franchise owner that operates IKEA stores in Saudi Arabia. Women's in Saudi Arabia live under strict Islamic law, and are forbidden from behavior that is common in Western cultures. The Gulf kingdom is the only country in the world that prohibits women from driving. Women there are also not allowed to vote, and must also have permission from a man to work, travel or open a bank account. This year, Saudi Arabia bowed to pressure from the International Olympic Committee and human rights organizations and allowed two female athletes to participate in London 2012 Olympic Games. Photo: Ikea


Angus Jones apologised for urging viewers not to watch which TV show in which he stars?

Angus T. Jones Apologizes for Blasting Two and a Half Men - Today's News: Our Take | TVGuide.com Angus T. Jones Apologizes for Blasting Two and a Half Men by Kate Stanhope  | Nov 27, 2012 9:04 PM EST Share on Facebook Share on WhatsApp Angus T Jones One day after calling Two and a Half Men "filth" and urging viewers not to watch, Angus T. Jones issued lengthy apology to the show's creator, producers, cast and crew. In the statement, obtained by Deadline , Jones doesn't retract his comments about the quality of the show, but apologizes if his comments conveyed "indifference" and/or "disrespect" against those involved with the show. "I grew up around them and know that the time they spent with me was in many instances more than with their own families," he said. "I learned life lessons from so many of them and will never forget how much positive impact they have had on my life." Angus T. Jones calls Two and a Half Men "Filth," urges viewers to stop watching Jones also said he regretted that his comments depicted a "lack of appreciation" for  the "extraordinary opportunity" of Two and a Half Men. He also thanked creator Chuck Lorre, Warner Bros. head Peter Roth and all of Warner Bros. and CBS. CBS and Warner Bros. have not issued a statement on Jones' comments, which went public in a YouTube video posted on Monday as part of a taped testimonial for the religious organization Forerunner Chronicles. "If you watch Two and a Half Men, please stop watching Two and a Half Men," Jones says in the clip. "I'm on Two and a Half Men and I don't want to be on it. Please stop watching it. Please stop filling your head with filth." See other child stars gone bad Read Jones' full statement below: I have been the subject of much discussion, speculation and commentary over the past 24 hours. While I cannot address everything that has been said or right every misstatement or misunderstanding, there is one thing I want to make clear. Without qualification, I am grateful to and have the highest regard and respect for all of the wonderful people on Two and Half Men with whom I have worked over the past ten years and who have become an extension of my family. Chuck Lorre, Peter Roth and many others at Warner Bros. and CBS are responsible for what has been one of the most significant experiences in my life to date.  I thank them for the opportunity they have given and continue to give me and the help and guidance I have and expect to continue to receive from them. I also want all of the crew and cast on our show to know how much I personally care for them and appreciate their support, guidance and love over the years.  I grew up around them and know that the time they spent with me was in many instances more than with their own families.  I learned life lessons from so many of them and will never forget how much positive impact they have had on my life. I apologize if my remarks reflect me showing indifference to and disrespect of my colleagues and a lack of appreciation of the extraordinary opportunity of which I have been blessed.  I never intended that. What do you think of Jones' apology?


Which Christian Socialist politician became chancellor of Austria in 1932?

Seipel, Ignaz | Article about Seipel, Ignaz by The Free Dictionary Seipel, Ignaz | Article about Seipel, Ignaz by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Seipel%2c+Ignaz Also found in: Wikipedia . Seipel, Ignaz (ĭg`näts zī`pəl), 1876–1932, Austrian chancellor (1922–24, 1926–29). A Roman Catholic priest, he was elected to the Austrian parliament in 1919 and became leader (1921–29) of the Christian Socialist party. As chancellor he did much to stabilize finances by introducing stringent economies and securing an international loan guaranteed by the League of Nations. His criticism of parliamentary democracy and his support of the Heimwehr, the Austrian fascistic militia, are thought to have paved the way for the quasidictatorial rule of Dollfuss Dollfuss, Engelbert , 1892–1934, Austrian chancellor. A Christian Socialist, he rose to prominence as leader of the Lower Austrian Farmers' League and became minister of agriculture in 1931. ..... Click the link for more information.  and Schuschnigg Schuschnigg, Kurt von , 1897–1977, Austrian chancellor. He served (1932–34) as minister of justice and education and helped Engelbert Dollfuss repress the Social Democrats and organize the corporative state. After Dollfuss's assassination (1934) he became chancellor. ..... Click the link for more information. . Bibliography


Who is best known for discovering the Earth's magnetosphere?

Magnetosphere http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere The magnetic field in the tail points towards the Earth in the northern half and away in the southern half, this geometry being supported by a cross-tail current (neutral sheet). The magnetopause is formed at a distance where the solar wind dynamic pressure equals the magnetic pressure of Earth's field. At this location, typically around 8 - 11 RE away on the Earth-Sun line, a large scale duskward current develops in the dayside magnetopause to cancel the Earth's field outside. At the same time, the dipole field inside is increased, being now about two times the nominal dipole value. Similar current flows around the magnetotail, but there the direction has to be reversed in order to cancel the field outside. This current is closed via the cross-tail current. The thickness of the current layer is typically from several hundred to a thousand kilometers. The magnetosphere presented above is of closed type. Even if simple, it can describe some dynamic events relating to Sun-Earth connection. However, when the effects of interplanetary magnetic field are taken into account, the magnetic reconnection complicates the physics of the magnetopause considerably by "opening" up the magnetosphere. Convective Verses Co- Rotating Plasma Flow The sketchs left and below illustrate the flow of charged particles in the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere. The interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere (through reconnection and viscous processes) results in a bulk flow of plasma down the magnetotail. This flow is referred to as "convection," although this term is really a misnomer because convection is a thermal process and the flow of plasma is not, being governed instead by large-scale electric and magnetic fields. In the plasma sheet, the direction of the convective flow is sunward, perpendicular both to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field (out of the screen) and to the direction (dawn-to-dusk) of the electric field imposed on the magnetosphere by the solar wind interaction. (The motion of the plasma perpendicular to both the electric and magnetic fields is known as "E-cross-B drift.") As coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere intensifies, sunward convection increases, and the boundary separating the convective and co-rotational flow regimes (known as the "separatrix") moves inward, freeing some of the plasma previously bound on "closed" Earth-encircling trajectories to follow "open" convective paths toward the dayside magnetopause.  Weakening of convection enlarges the region of near-Earth plasma that co-rotates with the Earth and allows the magnetic field lines emptied of plasma during periods of high convection to refill. The magnetotail is formed by tail lobes (on open polar cap) and the plasma sheet (closed nightside auroral field lines). In the inner magnetosphere we have plasmasphere mapping to mid- and low-latitudes. Overlapping both plasmasphere and inner plasma sheet are radiation belts and ring current. Coupling The Sun/solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere (thermosphere) are variously coupled to each other. The coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere is via a magnetic reconnection process between the IMF component and the geomagnetic field. It creates the large scale magnetospheric convection electric field responsible for geomagnetic activity. Ionosphere and magnetosphere are closely linked together via magnetic field lines. Magnetospheric electric fields map down to the ionosphere, creating plasma convection, frictional heating and plasma instabilities. Auroral particle precipitation ionizes the high latitude atmosphere during nighttime, and heat can be conducted from the magnetosphere down to the ionosphere. Collisions between the convecting ionospheric plasma and the neutral atmosphere leads to generation of neutral winds and Joule heating of the neutral gas. Furthermore, the role of the newly discovered high-altitude atmospheric flashes in the ionospheric physics is still unknown. The two main


Which moon of Jupiter is roughly three-quarters of the size of Mars?

Earth, Moon, and Jupiter, as Seen From Mars | Mars News Earth, Moon, and Jupiter, as Seen From Mars View more images at the MSSS release page . Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS What does Earth look like when viewed from Mars? At 13:00 GMT on 8 May 2003, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) had an opportunity to find out. In addition, a fortuitous alignment of Earth and Jupiter---the first planeary conjunction viewed from another planet---permitted the MOC to acquire an image of both of these bodies and their larger satellites. At the time, Mars and the orbiting camera were 139 million kilometers (86 million miles) from Earth and almost 1 billion kilometers (nearly 600 million miles) from Jupiter. The orbit diagram, above, shows the geometry at the time the images were obtained. Because Jupiter is over 5 times farther from the Sun than Earth, two different exposures were needed to image the two planets. Mosaiced together, the images are shown above (top picture). The composite has been highly contrast-enhanced and "colorized" to show both planets and their satellites. The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images; the color was derived from Mariner 10 and Cassini pictures of Earth/Moon and Jupiter, respectively, as described in the note below. View more images at the MSSS release page . Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS Earth/Moon: This is the first image of Earth ever taken from another planet that actually shows our home as a planetary disk. Because Earth and the Moon are closer to the Sun than Mars, they exhibit phases, just as the Moon, Venus, and Mercury do when viewed from Earth. As seen from Mars by MGS on 8 May 2003 at 13:00 GMT (6:00 AM PDT), Earth and the Moon appeared in the evening sky. The MOC Earth/Moon image has been specially processed to allow both Earth (with an apparent magnitude of -2.5) and the much darker Moon (with an apparent magnitude of +0.9) to be visible together. The bright area at the top of the image of Earth is cloud cover over central and eastern North America. Below that, a darker area includes Central America and the Gulf of Mexico. The bright feature near the center-right of the crescent Earth consists of clouds over northern South America. The image also shows the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Moon, since the Moon was on the far side of Earth as viewed from Mars. The slightly lighter tone of the lower portion of the image of the Moon results from the large and conspicuous ray system associated with the crater Tycho. Jupiter/Galilean Satellites: When Galileo first turned his telescope toward Jupiter four centuries ago, he saw that the giant planet had four large satellites, or moons. These, the largest of dozens of moons that orbit Jupiter, later became known as the Galilean satellites. The larger two, Callisto and Ganymede, are roughly the size of the planet Mercury; the smallest, Io and Europa, are approximately the size of Earth's Moon. This MGS MOC image, obtained from Mars orbit on 8 May 2003, shows Jupiter and three of the four Galilean satellites: Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa. At the time, Io was behind Jupiter as seen from Mars, and Jupiter's giant red spot had rotated out of view. This image has been specially processed to show both Jupiter and its satellites, since Jupiter, at an apparent magnitude of -1.8, was much brighter than the three satellites.


In which city did women's basketball teams first contest full Olympic medals?

Basketball - Summer Olympic Sport Basketball Singapore 2010 adopts new sport formats 12 Aug 2010 Basketball is a relatively new sport, invented in 1891. It has now grown into one of the most popular sports in the United States. Keeping students fit Basketball was invented in December 1891 by Canadian James W. Naismith. An instructor at the YMCA Training School in Massachusetts, he sought a suitable indoor game to keep his students fit and warm during the cold New England winters. He formulated 13 rules, most of which still apply today. In 1893, the first women’s game was played at the Smith College, in Northampton, Massachusetts, USA.  Peach baskets Originally, basketball was played with peach baskets and balls had to be retrieved manually after each score. Subsequently, a hole was drilled into the bottom of the basket allowing the balls to be poked out with a long rod. In 1906, the peach baskets were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards  Orange ball Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. The first balls made specifically for basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that Tony Hinkle, searching for a ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball that is now in common use. Global popularity increases In the early 1900s, students from abroad who had studied in Springfield, started to spread the game. In the 1920s, the first international games were played and by 1950 the first World Championship for Men was held in Argentina. Three years later, in 1953, the first World Championship for Women took place in Chile. Olympic history Basketball made its appearance at the Olympic Games in 1904 in St Louis as a demonstration sport, as the competition was held between only American teams and counted as an event of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU of the USA) Championships. At the Games in 1936 in Berlin, basketball joined the Olympic programme, where it has remained to this day. Women’s basketball debuted at the 1976 Games in Montreal. The USA dominates international basketball and won all the titles up to 1972, the year it was defeated by the Soviet Union at the Munich Games. In the women’s event, the Soviets took gold in 1976, 1980 and 1992, and were later dominated by the Americans between 1984 and 2008, except in 1992. In 1992 at the Barcelona Games, famous players from the National Basketball Association (NBA) were allowed for the first time to represent the USA. This team, known as the “Dream Team”in the international media, was undoubtedly the best basketball team ever formed. It delighted the public and widely dominated the Olympic tournament in 1992.


In which US State do teams play baseball in the Cactus League?

Cactus League Join the Cactus League Mailing List This form needs Javascript to display, which your browser doesn't support. Sign up here instead The Cactus League has long been a cherished Arizona tradition for locals, tourists and, of course, baseball fans! Millions of folks of all ages have walked through the turnstiles over the years to find the most pastoral of baseball pastimes, spring training. Pleasant temperatures and bountiful sunshine complement the intimate experience that only spring training offers, from meeting your favorite players to enjoying unique time with your family and friends. The Cactus League invites you to experience spring training, a beloved Arizona treasure. Spring training baseball under the warm Arizona sun has been a tradition for devoted fans since 1947, when just two teams, the Cleveland Indians and the New York Giants, came here to prepare for the rigors of the long regular season. Today, 15 teams train in the Phoenix metropolitan area in the greatest concentration of professional baseball facilities found anywhere in the United States. For visitors, the Cactus League couldn't be more convenient, with short drive times between ballparks and a full range of hotel, dining and shopping amenities. Truly, the Cactus League is the premier destination for baseball lovers. And this website has everything fans need to enjoy one game or several during each spring training season. © 2017 Cactus LeagueAll Rights Reserved Contact Website by Anamorphics Inc


December 2011 saw her appointed Professor of Drawing at the Royal Academy. Who?

Tracey Emin: Uproar at Royal Academy as artist is made Professor of Drawing | Daily Mail Online comments She achieved fame with her soiled unmade bed, and a tent stitched with the names of everyone she slept with, but now Tracey Emin is heading in a new direction - as a professor. The controversial British artist is to become the new Professor of Drawing at London's prestigious Royal Academy, the country's oldest art school. However, the move has sparked outrage at the revered establishment, whose past luminaries include William Turner, John Constable and William Blake. Figurative painter Diana Armfield - whose work is in the collection of the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum - told the Times she had seen what 'I suppose are drawings' by Emin, but that she "wouldn't have thought that her talents were that way".' Tracey Emin is to become Professor of Drawing at the Royal Academy, but some members are unhappy with the decision. Pictured, the artist with her work entitled Those Who Suffer Love, at London's White Cube gallery in 2009 Other members of the Royal Academy have also protested against the 48-year-old's appointment but did not wish to comment publicly. The decision to appoint Emin was made last Thursday by the General Assembly of Royal Academicians (RAs) - an illustrious club of sculptors, architects, printmakers and painters - but a formal announcement has not yet taken place. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share Other figures in the art world have supported Emin's selection and believe it will help to boost the nation's interest in drawing. Tate Galleries director Nicholas Serota said: 'There will be a lot of people who say, "What a lousy idea, she doesn't stand for classical drawing", but I think it's a great appointment. Emin shot to fame in the 1990s as one of the leading members of the Young British Artists movement. Above is her 1998 work, My Bed Tracey Emin signs her poster of Birds - a simple sketch which is being used to officially celebrate the upcoming London 2012 Games Enlarge   Emin's Birds, which heralds the Paralympics 'Drawing is the foundation for everything she does and I think it's the thing for which she is most recognised internationally as well,' he told the newspaper. Painter Anthony Green, who backed Emin's election to the academy in 2007, said: 'She draws at the speed of thought, which is a very rare ability.' Among her latest works is an official poster for the London 2012 Olympics, entitled Birds - a simple sketch, for the Paralympics, of two birds. The laws of the academy, based in Piccadilly, central London, state its professors are 'required to deliver annually a course of lectures, or conduct seminars, adapted to the arts of design, in their respective subjects'. Fellow artists Fiona Rae and Richard Wilson have been made professors of painting and sculpture respectively. Royal Academy president Christopher Le Brun said: 'We are delighted at these new appointments. 'Tracey Emin, Fiona Rae and Richard Wilson join an esteemed list of artists who have held these positions.' Eileen Cooper, keeper of the Royal Academy Schools, said: 'In the history of the Royal Academy, we have never had a female professor before - and now we have two. I'm both proud and delighted by this development.' Emin was brought up in Margate, south-east England, and now lives in east London. She earned a master's degree at the Royal College of Art. She shot to fame in the 1990s as one of the leading members of the Young British Artists movement. Recently, she exhibited her biggest career retrospective at London's Hayward Gallery. The Royal Academy of Arts in central London, where students will be taught drawing by Professor Emin


What do we call the paint type traditionally mixed with water, honey and gum Arabic?

handprint : how watercolor paints are made   how watercolor paints are made This page discusses standard paint ingredients and manufacturing methods. The material is presented in four sections: (1) the ingredients and recipes used to make watercolor paints, (2) the generic historical and modern pigments that provide the color in paints; (3) the manufacture of modern pigments; and (4) the manufacture of watercolor paints. Information on these topics is scattered across a wide range of sources, from chemical engineering texts to art conservation studies. In some cases I was only able to obtain information by querying experts or manufacturers directly. Each source has its own perspective and professional traditions, and they sometimes disagree on specifics. I've made editorial judgments based on all the facts I could gather, and regret any inaccuracies that remain. paint ingredients Every paint is a mixture of microscopic pigment particles , which provide the paint color, mixed in a liquid paint vehicle that holds the pigment in suspension, allows it to be applied with a brush, then dries to bind it to the support (paper, board or canvas). The vehicle also contains other substances that reduce manufacturing costs, adjust the visual appearance and handling attributes of the paint, and increase its shelf life in the art store. The Backbone Composition. Each paint manufacturer develops a proprietary backbone composition  a basic recipe of pigment and vehicle ingredients  that is fundamentally designed to keep manufacturing costs under control and to get the best possible handling attributes for every pigment in the watercolor line. The manufacturer then tweaks the exact proportions of this recipe from one pigment or paint color to the next, so that the texture and color of each pigment is put on best display and the differences in pigment dispersability, tinting strength or staining across the different paint colors are minimized. paints The backbone composition is the foundation of the manufacturer's brand style and quality standards. It usually includes most or all of the following ingredients:  one or more pigments, and sometimes  a brightener, transparent or "white" crystals that lighten the value and increase the chroma of the dried paint dispersed in a vehicle or medium consisting of:  binder, traditionally and still commonly said to be gum arabic but, in some brands, actually a synthetic glycol  plasticizer, usually glycerin, to soften the dried gum arabic and help it redissolve  humectant, traditionally simple syrup or honey but now often inexpensive corn syrup, to help the paint retain mosture (especially in pan paints)  extender or filler, such as dextrin, used to bulk out and thicken the paint without noticeably affecting the color  manufacturing additives, in particular dispersants (to prevent clumping of the raw pigment after manufacture and to speed up the milling of the pigment and vehicle ingredients) and a fungicide or preservative to suppress the growth of mold or bacteria, and  water, which dissolves or suspends all the ingredients, carries them onto the paper, and evaporates when its work is done. These ingredients are described below. Pigment. Pigments are chemical compounds with appealing or useful color attributes and that do not dissolve in water . Paints are a dispersion of tiny pigment particles suspended in the vehicle, just as the Mississippi is a suspension of sand, clay, agricultural chemicals and effluent. All professional quality tube and pan watercolors are made with pigments. In contrast, a dye is completely soluble (dissolves) in water, and binds directly with the materials it contacts (though a mediating chemical called a mordant must often be present to make this bond happen). Some brands of liquid watercolors or "brilliant" watercolors are made with dyes. The manufacturer's cost considerations aside  and those are usually a major consideration in commercial paint design  the pigment particle size , tinting strength and dispersability primarily determine the adjustments made to


Which mathematician and inventor conceived the first automatic digital computer?

Charles Babbage | British inventor and mathematician | Britannica.com British inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage, (born December 26, 1791, London , England —died October 18, 1871, London), English mathematician and inventor who is credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer . Charles Babbage, detail of an oil painting by Samuel Lawrence, 1845; in the National Portrait … Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London In 1812 Babbage helped found the Analytical Society, whose object was to introduce developments from the European continent into English mathematics . In 1816 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London. He was instrumental in founding the Royal Astronomical (1820) and Statistical (1834) societies. The idea of mechanically calculating mathematical tables first came to Babbage in 1812 or 1813. Later he made a small calculator that could perform certain mathematical computations to eight decimals. Then in 1823 he obtained government support for the design of a projected machine , the Difference Engine , with a 20-decimal capacity. Its construction required the development of mechanical engineering techniques, to which Babbage of necessity devoted himself. In the meantime (1828–39), he served as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge . The Difference Engine Science Museum London During the mid-1830s Babbage developed plans for the Analytical Engine , the forerunner of the modern digital computer. In that device he envisioned the capability of performing any arithmetical operation on the basis of instructions from punched cards, a memory unit in which to store numbers, sequential control, and most of the other basic elements of the present-day computer. In 1843 Babbage’s friend mathematician Ada Lovelace translated a French paper about the Analytical Engine and, in her own annotations , published how it could perform a sequence of calculations, the first computer program. The Analytical Engine, however, was never completed. Babbage’s design was forgotten until his unpublished notebooks were discovered in 1937. In 1991 British scientists built Difference Engine No. 2—accurate to 31 digits—to Babbage’s specifications, and in 2000 the printer for the Difference Engine was also built. Babbage made notable contributions in other areas as well. He assisted in establishing the modern postal system in England and compiled the first reliable actuarial tables. He also invented a type of speedometer and the locomotive cowcatcher. Learn More in these related articles:


Who allegedly killed his pregnant wife, Poppaea Sabina, by kicking her in the stomach?

Emperor Nero's Perverted Same-Sex Marriage!! After         same-sex marriages will come father/daughter and mother/son marriages!!   Empeor      Nero was initiated into the Mysteries of Mithras in 65 AD. The 2nd grade      is called Nymphus (bride). Roman      Emperor Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus–a fanatical devotee      of Jupiter and Minerva–was the most depraved monster that ever      disgraced the annals of history. Roman Emperor Nero 37– 68 AD. Emperor from 54 to 68 AD.   The            name Nero is proverbial for murder, rape, sodomy, incest,            cruelty, and every kind of crime imaginable. In            the first recorded false flag operation in history, he burned            Rome and then blamed it on the Christians. The            diabolical monster Nero ordered the execution of the Apostle            Paul.   Coin of Emperor Nero. After      Caligula and Claudius, he was the 3rd pagan Pontiff to persecute the      believers in the Messiah. In      65 AD, the mad Pontiff Nero crowned all his other debauches by a same-sex      marriage. Nero married a male look-alike of his murdered wife      Poppaea Sabina. Here is a report by the Roman historian Suetonius: Besides       the abuse of free-born lads, and the debauch of married women, he       committed a rape upon Rubria, a Vestal Virgin. He was upon the point       of marrying Acte, his freedwoman, having suborned some men of consular       rank to swear that she was of royal descent. He gelded the boy Sporus,       and endeavoured to transform him into a woman. He       even went so far as to marry him, with all the usual formalities of       a marriage settlement, the rose-coloured nuptial veil, and a numerous       company at the wedding. When the ceremony was over, he had       him conducted like a bride to his own house, and treated him as his       wife. It was jocularly observed by some person, "that       it would have been well for mankind, had such a wife fallen to the       lot of his father Domitius." This Sporus he carried about       with him in a litter round the solemn assemblies and fairs of Greece,       and afterwards at Rome through the Sigillaria, dressed in the rich       attire of an empress; kissing him from time to time as they rode together.       (Suetonius, The       Twelve Caesars , Nero, XXVIII). Here      is another report from Roman historian Cassius Dio: Now       Nero called Sporus "Sabina" not merely because, owing to       his resemblance to her he had been made a eunuch, but because the       boy, like the mistress, had been solemnly married to him in Greece,       Tigellinus giving the bride away, as the law ordained. All       the Greeks held a celebration in honour of their marriage, uttering       all the customary good wishes, even to the extent of praying that       legitimate children might be born to them. After that Nero       had two bedfellows at once, Pythagoras to play the rôle of husband       to him, and Sporus that of wife. The latter, in addition to other       forms of address, was termed "lady," "queen," and "mistress." Yet why should one wonder at this, seeing       that Nero would fasten naked boys and girls to stakes, and then putting       on the hide of a wild beast would attack them and satisfy his brutal       lust under the appearance of devouring parts of their bodies? Such       were the indecencies of Nero. (Cassius Dio, Roman History , LXII, 13). There      is more than one Chamber of Horrors in the Museum of History, but none      like that of Emperor Nero. Nero's      real name was Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. His ambitious and ruthless      mother married Emperor Claudius, and persuaded him to a


Its name means ‘Main Province’, which island makes up 60% of Japan’s total land area?

Japans | Article about japans by The Free Dictionary Japans | Article about japans by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/japans Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Japan (jəpăn`), Jap. Nihon or Nippon, country (2005 est. pop. 127,417,000), 145,833 sq mi (377,835 sq km), occupying an archipelago off the coast of E Asia. The capital is Tokyo Tokyo , city (1990 pop. 8,163,573), capital of Japan and of Tokyo prefecture, E central Honshu, at the head of Tokyo Bay. The Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area is the world's most populous metropolitan area, with over 28,000,000 people. ..... Click the link for more information. , which, along with neighboring Yokohama Yokohama , city (1990 pop. 3,220,331), capital of Kanagawa prefecture, SE Honshu, Japan, on the western shore of Tokyo Bay. Japan's second largest city and one of its leading seaports, Yokohama belongs to the extensive urban-industrial belt around Tokyo called the Keihin ..... Click the link for more information. , forms the world's most populous metropolitan region. Land Japan proper has four main islands, which are (from north to south) Hokkaido Hokkaido , island (1990 pop. 5,643,515), c.30,130 sq mi (78,040 sq km), N Japan, separated from Honshu island by the Tsugaru Strait and from Sakhalin, Russia, by the Soya Strait. It is the second largest, northernmost, and most sparsely populated of the major islands of Japan. ..... Click the link for more information. , Honshu Honshu , island (1990 pop. 98,352,000), c.89,000 sq mi (230,510 sq km), central Japan. It is c.800 mi (1,290 km) long and from c.30 to 150 mi (50–240 km) wide and is the largest and most important island of Japan. ..... Click the link for more information.  (the largest island, where the capital and most major cities are located), Shikoku Shikoku , island (1990 pop. 4,240,265), 7,247 sq mi (18,770 sq km), S Japan, separated from Honshu and Kyushu by the Inland Sea. The smallest of the major islands of Japan, its high mountains and steep slopes limit agriculture and impede communication; there are no volcanoes. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Kyushu Kyushu , island (1990 pop. 13,064,955), c.13,760 sq mi (35,640 sq km), S Japan. It is the third largest, southernmost, and most densely populated of the major islands of Japan. ..... Click the link for more information. . There are also many smaller islands stretched in an arc between the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea and the Pacific proper. Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu enclose the Inland Sea Inland Sea, Jap. Seto-naikai, arm of the Pacific Ocean, c.3,670 sq mi (9,510 sq km), S Japan, between Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu islands. It is linked to the Sea of Japan by a narrow channel. ..... Click the link for more information. . The general features of the four main islands are shapely mountains, sometimes snowcapped, the highest and most famous of which is sacred Mt. Fuji Fuji, Mount , Fujiyama , or Fuji-san , volcanic peak, 12,389 ft (3,776 m) high, central Honshu, Japan, in Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park (472 sq mi/1,222 sq km; est. 1936). ..... Click the link for more information. ; short rushing rivers; forested slopes; irregular and lovely lakes; and small, rich plains. Mountains, many of them volcanoes, cover two thirds of Japan's surface, hampering transportation and limiting agriculture. On the arable land, which is only 11% of Japan's total land area, the population density is among the highest in the world. The climate ranges from chilly humid continental to humid subtropical. Rainfall is abundant, and typhoons and earthquakes are frequent. (For a more detailed description of geography, see separate articles on the individual islands.) Mineral resources are meager, except for coal, which is an important source of industrial energy. The rapid streams supply plentiful hydroelectric power. Imported oil, however, is the major source of energy. One third of Japan's electricity comes from nuclear power, but following the 2011 post-tsunami cooling failures at the Fukushima No. 1 power plant all r


Honiara is the capital city of which nation?

Honiara, capital city of Solomon Islands All... Honiara, capital city of Solomon Islands Honiara is a city looking optimistically toward the future. Ethnic tensions and civil unrest rocked the capital of the Solomon Islands between 1999 and 2003, but the city is now peaceful, safe and completely captivating. Visitors quickly fall in love with Honiara's atmospheric wharf, bustling markets and village feel. The central market is the heart of Honiara. It is where locals shop for the freshest produce, catch up on the day's gossip and sell handicrafts like shell artwork and jewelry. The bubbling market assails the senses, covering an entire block between the seafront and Mendana Avenue. The selection of fruits and vegetables is almost overwhelming, and the fish market in the back is stocked with some of the freshest seafoods in the world. One of the most impressive sights in the capital is the National Parliament building. From its place on the hill above Hibiscus Avenue, the conical-shaped building towers over the city. Visitors can steal an interesting glimpse at the political proceedings from the public gallery at the eastern entrance and explore the rich collection of traditional art on display. The National Museum and Cultural Center is modest but thought-provoking. The one-room display highlights traditional dance, weaponry, body ornamentation, currency and archaeology. Eight traditionally constructed homes sit just behind the main building, representing eight of the Solomon Islands' provinces. There are also a few wooden statues featuring bold carvings around the grounds. The usually-calm waters that surround the islands were greatly disturbed by the Second World War. Henderson Airfield, near the capital, was controlled by the US-led allied forces and as a launching pad for further attacks. Visitors to Honiara can explore many untouched sites and even discover artifacts still scattered in the battlegrounds. The United States War Memorial is perched at the top of Skyline Ridge. A walk through the imposing marble walls reveals powerful insights about the war in the Solomon Islands, and the setting offers remarkable views of battle sites. The Japanese Memorial has a peaceful atmosphere. White frangipani and red hibiscus outline a paved square whose centerpiece is a towering stone monument. War veterans built the monument, and their families often return to the site to commemorate those who died. Many visitors and villagers have collected wartime relics from the Gifu, an important command post in the Japanese struggle to regain Henderson Airfield. Visitors can view many artifacts seized from the area for a small sum, then walk through the main battle area and explore foxholes. Diving is a popular sport in and around Honiara. The surrounding waters are home to many wrecks, including submarines, troop carriers, transport ships and planes. Coral gardens, reefs, pinnacles and walls support an incredible variety of sea creatures. Anemone fish, barracuda, big-eye trevally, humphead parrotfish, butterfly fish and angel fish are just a few of the species that swim throughout the azure waters. Even muck dives offer a wide array of life, including ghost pipefish, manta shrimp and pygmy seahorses. A large expat community has given Honiara a diverse dining scene. A number of outstanding restaurants and cafes serve up cuisines from all over the world, including French, Italian, American, Australian, Israeli and Middle Eastern foods. Honiara Geographical Location Honiara is located on the island of Guadalcanal on its northern coast. The population of Honiara is estimated to be 79,000. Honiara Language English is the official language of the Solomon Islands but only a small minority speaks it. There are over 120 indigenous languages that are spoken throughout the islands. Honiara Predominant Religion 2.5% Other 0.5% None


Who composed the music for the films 'Gandhi' and Satyajit Ray's revered 'Apu Trilogy'?

60 years of Satyajit Ray's 'Pather Panchali': Lesser known facts about the classic - News18 60 years of Satyajit Ray's 'Pather Panchali': Lesser known facts about the classic http://shominisen First published: August 26, 2015, 3:38 PM IST              | Updated: August 27, 2015 On its 60th Anniversary, here are some lesser known facts about the classic that changed the way world perceives Indian cinema. 60 years ago, on this day, a film about a family settled in rural Bengal released in India. The director was new, the cast was unheard of, but the film went on to create history not just in India but world as well. Satyajit Ray’s ‘Pather Panchali’, considered one of the greatest films of all time released in Bengal on 26th August, 1955- exactly 60 years back. Hailed as one of the masterpieces of modern cinema worldwide, the film marked the debut of not only the director but also its lead cast who gained world recognition with the film and could not replicate the same stardom after this film. Based on Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay's 1929 Bengali novel of the same name, the film featured actors Subir Banerjee as Apu, Kanu Banerjee, Karuna Banerjee and Uma Dasgupta as Durga. Rated as one of the best 100 films of all time by the Time Magazine in 2005, the film is the first film of Ray’s ‘Apu Trilogy’. On its 60th Anniversary, here are some lesser known facts about the classic that changed the way world perceives Indian cinema. The film never had a complete screenplay. The cast took most of their cues from Ray's drawings and notes. The film was made on a shoestring budget. Ray had to sell some of his beloved LPs as well as his life insurance policy and his wife Bijoya Ray had to pawn her jewellery. Several young boys were auditioned for the role of Apu but Ray was not satisfied with the results. His wife Bijoya spotted child actor Subir Banerjee playing on the neighbour’s terrace and suggested his name to her husband. Apparently, Banerjee’s father was not to keen to allow his son to act in a film. But Ray told him, “Today, no one knows your son or me. But I'll make a film that will change Bengali cinema. Then, all of Bengal will know both of us." As author Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay had passed way long before the inception of the film, Satyajit Ray had to get permission to make the film from his widow. Legend has it that on the first day of shooting, Satyajit Ray had never directed a scene, his cameraman Subrata Mitra had never photographed one and none of his child actors had even been screentested for their roles. This film was shot piece wise over five years; often, production was halted due to lack of funds. Eventually, the West Bengal Government provided enough money for Satyajit Ray to complete the film. Cinematographer Subrata Mitra was originally a stills photographer whose work Ray had admired. Mitra learned his craft on photographing for films by borrowing a 16mm camera. Boral, a village near Calcutta, was selected in early 1953 as the main location for principal photography, and night scenes were shot in-studio. The soundtrack of the film was composed by the veteran sitar player Ravi Shankar, who was at an early stage of his career, having debuted in 1939. Bidhan Chandra Roy, the then Chief Minister of West Bengal, was requested by Ray’s mother’s friend to help the production. The CM agreed but interestingly, many in the West Bengal government misunderstood the nature of the film, believing it to be a documentary for rural upliftment. The government records documented the loan given for the film as "roads improvement", a reference to the film's title. Roy, later invited then then Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru for a screening of the film. Needless to say, Nehru was impressed with the film and recommended it to be sent to Cannes Film Festival that year. While many officials were apprehensive to send a film that highlighted poverty of India to an international film festival, the film still went to Cannes on Nehru’s personal recommendation. ‘Pather Panchali’ was subsequently named Best H


Admiral Américo Tomás became president of which NATO-member nation in 1958?

Americo Tomas : definition of Americo Tomas and synonyms of Americo Tomas (English) 3 References   Biography Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomás was born in Lisbon, Portugal on November 9, 1894 to parents António Rodrigues Tomás and Maria da Assunção Marques. He married Gertrudes Ribeiro da Costa in October, 1922. The couple had two children, Maria Natália Rodrigues Tomás (b. 1925) and Maria Madalena Rodrigues Tomás (b. 1930).   Academic career   Rear Admiral Américo Tomás Tomás attended the High School of Lapa, Portugal, in 1904, completing his secondary education in 1911. He then attended the Faculty of Sciences for two years (1912 - 1914), after which he joined the Naval Academy as a midshipman.   Military Career After Tomás graduated from the Naval Academy in 1916, he was assigned to the Portuguese coast escort service on Vasco da Gama and later assigned to the Pedro Nunes and the destroyers Douro and Tejo. [1] during World War I . In 1918, he received a promotion to Lieutenant . On March 17, 1920, he was placed on the Survey vessel 5 de Outubro, where he served for the next sixteen years. During this time, he was assigned to the Survey mission of the Portuguese Coast and was a Board Member of the Technical commission for hydrography , Navigation and nautical Meteorology and a member of the Council for Studies of Oceanography and Fisheries . Tomás was also a member of the International Permanent Council for the Exploration of the Sea. [2] He was appointed Chief of Staff to the Minister of the Navy in 1936, President of the Merchant Marine National Junta from 1940 to 1944 and Minister of the Navy from 1944 to 1958. During his term as Minister of the Navy, he was responsible for the total reconstruction of the Portuguese commercial navy organized under "Dispatch 100". Fifty-six ships were ordered, with more than 300,000 tons of displacement. This dispatch included statutes that also allowed the formation of what is now the modern shipbuilding industry in Portugal. Tomás' actions while Minister of the Navy created a positive reputation in the marine community, unlike the infamy created by several of his colleagues in the Portuguese Armed Forces (FAP) and the Portuguese Government during their respective tenures.   President of the Republic In 1958, he was chosen by then- Prime Minister António Salazar as the candidate of União Nacional party for the presidency of the republic, as the party was completely loyalty to Salazar. He ran against the opposition backed Humberto Delgado . In a highly contested election he was elected president of the Portuguese Republic. [3] He was re-elected in 1965 and 1972 (in an electoral college, not in a general election as in 1958). During this time, Portugal was ruled by the authoritarian regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and the president of the republic had only a figurative role. The virtual powerlessness of his office under Salazar made him a decorative figure in inaugurations and festivities. This, together with a natural inability for speech, made him target of frequent jokes. Tomás used his presidential prerogative just once: to dismiss Salazar when he became incapacitated by a severe stroke in September 1968. Tomás appointed Marcello Caetano to replace Salazar as prime minister. He took a much more active role in the government after Caetano took power, and became the rallying point for hard-liners who thought that even Caetano's cosmetic reforms went too far. Tomás, while President of the Republic and unlike his predecessor, always lived in his private residence, only using the Belém Palace for office and official ceremonies.   Overthrow and death When, on April 25, 1974, the " Carnation Revolution " deposed Caetano, Tomás was also overthrown and sent to exile in Brazil . [4] He was allowed to return to Portugal in 1980, but he was denied the readmission in the Portuguese Navy and the special pension scheme currently in place for former Presidents of the Republic. In September 18, 1987, Americo Tomás died, at 92 in a Cascais clinic from complications after a surgery.   Published


Which country's TV market is the largest in Western Europe, with 34m connected homes?

The 10 Greatest Countries in the History of the World - B2B Marketing Agencies | BtoB Marketing Expert | Media Orchard Too B2B Marketing Agencies | BtoB Marketing Expert | Media Orchard Too Written by: Scott Baradell Yeah, I’m childish.  But this is exactly the kind of question that pops into my head all the time.  So I decided to put this list together and welcome your input. Here are the ground rules: By “countries,” I mean current countries based on current boundaries. Any past accomplishments are credited to the current country; modern Iraq, for example, gets credit for Mesopotamia. Seminal achievements score the biggest points; however, some points are deducted for long periods of backwardness. For the descriptions, my own commentary is mixed with direct pulls from Wikipedia in most cases; I didn’t demarcate which was which so it would be easier to read. Just assume it’s all borrowed if you’d like. OK, here we go — the Top 10, starting with the greatest country in the history of the world: Italy. What can I say? Ancient Rome created what we now call “Western society” — including our laws, our culture and our religion. After Rome fell and Europe spent 1,000 years in darkness, Italy reclaimed it with the Renaissance. To create a civilization is achievement enough — but to save it 10 centuries later is truly remarkable. United Kingdom. The dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, the United Kingdom is often credited with being the nation that “created the modern world”, by playing a leading role in developing Western ideas of property, capitalism, and parliamentary democracy as well as making significant contributions to literature, the arts, and science and technology. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-quarter of the Earth’s surface and encompassed a third of its population. United States. The U.S. is, by any measure, the wealthiest, most powerful and most influential country in the history of the world. Only its brief lifespan keeps it from topping the list. Buoyed by victories in World War I and World War II as the only major power not devastated, and especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union following the Cold War, the U.S. has emerged as the world’s sole superpower. China. The once and future superpower. China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization. It has one of the world’s longest periods of mostly uninterrupted civilization and one of the world’s longest continuously used written language systems. Today, it is the likely successor to the United States as the most powerful country in the world. Greece. Regarded as the cradle of western civilization and being the birthplace of modern democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western Literature, Political Science and drama, including both tragedy and comedy, Greece has a very long and remarkably rich history during which its culture has proven to be especially influential in Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East. Today, Greece is a developed nation, member of the European Union since 1981 and a member of the Eurozone since 2001. Egypt. The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world’s great civilizations. A unified kingdom was founded circa 3200 BC by King Narmer, and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty, known as the Thirtieth Dynasty, fell to the Persians in 343 BC who dug the predecessor of the Suez canal and connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. Later, Egypt fell to the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. It was the Muslim Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the seventh century to the Egyptians, who gradually adopted both. Unfortunately, it’s been pretty much downhill since then. Iraq. The Republic of Iraq sits on land that is historically known as Mesopotamia, which was home to some of the world’s first civilizations, including the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian. These ci


Which country is home to Lake Balaton, the largest lake in central Europe?

Hungary - A love for life! | Lake Balaton     The "Hungarian Sea", is the people's name for the 50-mile long lake with silky green-yellow water in the middle of Transdanubia. Lake Balaton is one of Hungary's most precious treasures and most frequented resorts. It is also the largest lake in Central Europe. The southern shores are ideal for small children because of the shallow water, but on the north shore the water gets deeper instantaneously. The summer water temperature is around 80 °F, which is warmer than the average air temperature in the morning and in the evening. The water and the sleek mud of the lake are excellent remedies for nervous complaints, anaemia and nervous fatigue. Picturesque vineyards in the region produce an assortment of excellent wines that go very well with the delicious local food. Large numbers of inns and restaurants welcome guests from home and abroad.   Siófok is the largest town on the southern side of Lake Balaton and is known for being the party town of the lake. Its port serves every boat route on the lake. Cruise boats also start from here. The hotels of the Golden and Silver Beaches are very much in demand. The pleasant parks are ornamented with statues. The Lutheran church has a remarkable style. The composer of the internationally renowned operettas, Imre Kálmán (1882-1953), is the famous son of this city. His piano and many personal belongings can be seen in his museum. The Water Management Museum covers the history of shipping and fishery on Lake Balaton, while a huge collection of minerals is exhibited in the Museum of Minerals. Keszthely, the oldest settlement of Lake Balaton was an important hub of commerce in Roman times. The beautiful Festetics Mansion with its ornate wrought iron gate, surrounded by an English park, is the third largest chateau in the country. All you may wish to know more about Lake Balaton, including its formation, flora and fauna, the history of bathing culture, waterborne traffic and archaeological and ethnographic memorabilia of 7,000 years, can be seen at the Balaton Museum. How come camels, buffaloes and zebras roam along Lake Balaton? Hardly indigenous to the region, they are resident of the Safari Park and Africa Museum established by the renowned Hungarian hunter in Africa, Endre von Nagy. A rich collection of artefacts including trophies and African ethnographic objects is on display at the museum.   Badacsony The hill is an extinct casket-shaped volcano. Its slopes are covered with some very strange geological formations, fossilized lava columns called "basalt organs" as well as vineyards which produce the excellent wine of the Pauline monks called "Grey Friar". One of the two hundred year old press houses is home to one of the most popular restaurant. Its terrace also offers an excellent panorama.   Tihany The twin-towered church of the Tihany peninsula is distinctly visible far and wide. The peninsula, inhabited almost a thousand years, is of volcanic origin, and has a profusion of rare plants and animals. The crypt of King András I, founded in 1055, survived the turbulent past and still stands in its original form. The present church was built over the crypt in the 18th century in Baroque style and has many precious wood carvings. In the Museum of the Benedictine Abbey, you can find an exhibition about ancient times. There are frequent organ concerts in the abbey church in the summertime.   Hévíz is extremely fortunate to have its Thermal Bath that has been attracting visitors for more than two centuries. The Lake is covered with water-lilies and extends over an area of approximately 30 square-miles, with a depth of 118 feet at the centre. It is the second largest hot-water lake in the world, at a temperature of 90°F open-air bathing is very pleasant even in winter. Treatments are conducted under the supervision of specialized doctors from the Hospital of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation.


Which US ‘Pop’ artist’s work includes a 1974 piece entitled ‘The red horseman’?

Movements in Twentieth-Century Art After World War II Movements in Twentieth-Century Art After World War II Abstract Expressionism (Action Painting and Color Field Painting) Name: Term used as early as 1920s to describe Kandinsky's  abstract paintings. Writer Robert Coates first uses the term for contemporary  paintings in the March 30, 1946 issue of the New Yorker. Supportive  critic Harold Rosenberg used the term "Action Painting," while  another critic, Clement Greenberg, preferred "American-style Painting." Still, "Abstract Expressionism" was the term used most frequently  in the U.S. Who: Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning,  Lee Krasner, Adolph Gottlieb, Arshile Gorky, Robert Motherwell, Franz Kline,  Barnett Newman, and Clyfford Still. When: Mid-1940s through 1950s. Where: United States (New York City). What: Consciously American style of art that influenced  similar European movements, such as Tachisme. Abstract Expressionism can  be broken into two large subdivisions: Action Painting, which came first,  and Color Field Painting. Action Paintings generally have a more violent,  frenzied appearance, while Color Field Paintings have a calmer, almost  spiritual quality. Subject Matter: Abstract, with an emphasis on the artist  expressing everything from personal feelings to universal, spiritual concerns.  With the Action Painters, the physical act of painting becomes, to a certain  extent, the subject matter. Style: Not really a coherent style so much as an attitude  against traditional styles (Realism), techniques, and "finished" works. The painters do share in common their reliance on psychic self-expression.  Generally, "Action Painters" employed dripping, splatter, pouring,  or other aggressive techniques in an effort to be spontaneous and instinctive,  while "Color Field Painters" preferred a saturated approach to  paint application. Large canvases were normally used. Janson Example: POLLOCK, Autumn Rhythm: Number 30,  1950, 1950 (Action Painting) and ROTHKO, White and Greens in Blue,  1957 (Color Field Painting). Kissick Example: POLLOCK, Number 1, 1950 (Lavender  Mist), 1950 (Action Painting) and ROTHKO, Untitled, 1960 (Color  Field Painting). Influenced by: Van Gogh, Cubism (shallow space), Kandinsky,  Dada, Surrealism (Miró and Automatism), European artists fleeing  Hitler-dominated Europe, and Native American sand painting. Will influence: Tachisme, Art Brut, COBRA, Hard-Edge  Painting, and Neo-Expressionism.   Op Art Name: Short for "Optical Art." Other names:  Retinal Art, and Perceptual Abstraction. Term coined by sculptor George  Rickey in 1964 during a conversation with two curators at the Museum of  Modern Art in New York, where the defining Op show, "The Responsive  Eye," was shown in 1965. Who: Josef Albers, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Bridget Riley,  Lawrence Poons, and Victor Vasarely. When: Mid-1950s to early 1970s. Where: Europe and the United States. What: Art devoted primarily to optical illusions. Op  paintings often give the illusion of movement (vibration, pulsation) and/or  depth. Subject Matter: Non-representational. Style: Rigid geometric precision; repetitive lines and  shapes that may appear three dimensional; no visible brushstrokes; often  vivid colors. Janson Example: ANUSZKIEWICZ, Entrance to Green,  1970. Influenced by: Bauhaus color theory; Mondrian; hard-edge  abstraction (Ellsworth Kelly, Frank Stella); and perceptual psychology.   Pop Art Name: Short for "Popular Art." Term first appeared  in the article "The Arts and the Mass Media," by the British  critic Lawrence Alloway, which was published in the Feb. 1958 issue of Architectural Design. Pop is more associated with the early 1960s,  when Time, Life and Newsweek all ran cover stories  on it. Who: Richard Hamilton, Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhhol,  Tom Wesselmann, James Rosenquist, Ed Ruscha, Wayne Thiebaud, Mel Ramos,  Claes Oldenburg, Robert Indiana, Robert Arneson, Jim Dine, and David Hockney. When: Late 1950s through 1960s. Where: Began in Great Britain then quickly sprea


Which bone in the human forearm is slightly thicker than its pair?

The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Forearm - Human Anatomy Flexor carpi ulnaris. Flexor digitorum sublimis.   The muscles of this group take origin from the medial epicondyle of the humerus by a common tendon; they receive additional fibers from the deep fascia of the forearm near the elbow, and from the septa which pass from this fascia between the individual muscles.   The Pronator teres has two heads of originhumeral and ulnar. The humeral head, the larger and more superficial, arises immediately above the medial epicondyle, and from the tendon common to the origin of the other muscles; also from the intermuscular septum between it and the Flexor carpi radialis and from the antibrachial fascia. The ulnar head is a thin fasciculus, which arises from the medial side of the coronoid process of the ulna, and joins the preceding at an acute angle. The median nerve enters the forearm between the two heads of the muscle, and is separated from the ulnar artery by the ulnar head. The muscle passes obliquely across the forearm, and ends in a flat tendon, which is inserted into a rough impression at the middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius. The lateral border of the muscle forms the medial boundary of a triangular hollow situated in front of the elbow-joint and containing the brachial artery, median nerve, and tendon of the Biceps brachii.  Variations.Absence of ulnar head; additional slips from the medial intermuscular septum, from the Biceps and from the Brachialis anticus occasionally occur.   The Flexor carpi radialis lies on the medial side of the preceding muscle. It arises from the medial epicondyle by the common tendon; from the fascia of the forearm; and from the intermuscular septa between it and the Pronator teres laterally, the Palmaris longus medially, and the Flexor digitorum sublimis beneath. Slender and aponeurotic in structure at its commencement, it increases in size, and ends in a tendon which forms rather more than the lower half of its length. This tendon passes through a canal in the lateral part of the transverse carpal ligament and runs through a groove on the greater multangular bone; the groove is converted into a canal by fibrous tissue, and lined by a mucous sheath. The tendon is inserted into the base of the second metacarpal bone, and sends a slip to the base of the third metacarpal bone. The radial artery, in the lower part of the forearm, lies between the tendon of this muscle and the Brachioradialis.  Variations.Slips from the tendon of the Biceps, the lacertus fibrosus, the coronoid, and the radius have been found. Its insertion often varies and may be mostly into the annular ligament, the trapezium, or the fourth metacarpal as well as the second or third. The muscle may be absent.   The Palmaris longus is a slender, fusiform muscle, lying on the medial side of the preceding. It arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus by the common tendon, from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles, and from the antibrachial fascia. It ends in a slender, flattened tendon, which passes over the upper part of the transverse carpal ligament, and is inserted into the central part of the transverse carpal ligament and lower part of the palmar aponeurosis, frequently sending a tendinous slip to the short muscles of the thumb.  Variations.One of the most variable muscles in the body. This muscle is often absent about (10 per cent.), and is subject to many variations; it may be tendinous above and muscular below; or it may be muscular in the center with a tendon above and below; or it may present two muscular bundles with a central tendon; or finally it may consist solely of a tendinous band. The muscle may be double. Slips of origin from the coronoid process or from the radius have been seen.Partial or complete insertion into the fascia of the forearm, into the tendon of the Flexor carpi ulnaris and pisiform bone, into the navicular, and into the muscles of the little finger have been observed.   FIG. 415 Front of the left forearm. Deep muscles.     The Flexor carpi uln


Who is 'tournament pro' at the 5-star golf resort on the shores N. Ireland’s Lough Erne?

Lough Erne Golf Resort - Top 100 Golf Courses of Northern Ireland Write a review for Lough Erne (Faldo) Little did supermarket tycoon Jim Treacy realise back in the late 1990s when he established the Castle Hume course in Enniskillen that it would be the starting point for a 10-year, £30 million golf project that would reach a dramatic conclusion with the opening of the Lough Erne course in the summer of 2009. Think of luxury golf resorts in Ireland with both excellent accommodation and quality courses and the likes of Adare Manor , Mount Juliet , The K Club , Druids Glen and Carton House spring to mind – well, to that illustrious quintet of top notch establishments can now be added Treacy’s new 5-star Lough Erne in County Fermanagh. Designed by Nick Faldo, the Lough Erne championship course extends to just over 7,000 yards from the back tees and it lies at the heart of an upmarket development in a part of the country more renowned for its angling and water sports than golf. That perception will change once golfers get to know how good the facilities are at a course that sits on a spectacular site along the shores of Lough Erne – indeed, many seasoned observers anticipate the course will be a future professional tournament venue as it has all the attributes expected of a top European Tour track.  Castle Hume Lough and its many wetland areas come into play at most of the holes here so accuracy around the course is absolutely essential in order to score well. A good short game will also help at the handful of par threes on the scorecard, the last of which is played at the final hole, “Cygnets Rest,” where the home green is a welcome refuge for tee shots that avoid sand to the left and water to the right.  A couple of short par fours really catch the eye. The 2nd hole, “Forest Drive,” doglegs right from the edge of the Lough and the 351-yard 10th sweeps to a green jutting out into the water. A pair of par fives are also worthy of special mention. The first, the 637-yard 9th is a strategic three-shotter that plays to a narrow, angled green and the other is the 16th, “Faldo Turn,” which enjoys views over the estate that are simply stunning.   The competitive side of Lough Erne was initiated by a charity match in July 2009 between Ireland’s two leading golfers, Padraig Harrington and Rory McIlroy, when they played an 18-hole stroke play head-to-head match billed as “The Duel on the Lough.” Young Rory edged out 2-time Open Champion Padraig by two shots to claim the specially commissioned Belleek Trophy for the first time. If the above article is inaccurate, please let us know by clicking here Reviews for Lough Erne (Faldo) Average Reviewers Score: Av. Reviewers Score: For golfing traditionalists who prefer links to inland courses, the buggy golf experience at Lough Erne will always be something of a hard sell, no matter how good the resort is. A recent favourable review from Brian Ward alleviated any concerns I may have had in advance of playing here as he’s a man of great golfing experience around the British Isles who knows a good course when he sees one and so I was expecting to play a decent track – what I wasn’t ready for was just how good The Faldo Championship course is! I expected the playing corridors to be rather flat in aspect around the lakes, where many of the holes would be laid out around houses or other buildings. Instead, there are only four such holes on the card and even then, the houses on holes 4 and 5 and the clubhouse and accommodation units on holes 17 and 18 are set well back from the golfing action. For the majority of the round, you play in near isolation through woodland and wetland areas, with some very interesting changes in elevation encountered along the way. The 1st skirts Castle Hume Lough before the routing rises into the forest for three holes then back out again to the par three 5th, where an all carry tee shot is required across a sea of reeds to a peninsula green on the edge of the same lake. So far so good, it’s all been very pleasant and enjoyable. What happens next is totally unexpected


Who coined the term 'Big Bang' for a cosmic theory with which he did not himself agree?

Big bang critic dies (Fred Hoyle) - creation.com Big bang critic dies (Fred Hoyle) by Greg Demme and Jonathan Sarfati Sir Fred Hoyle, the man who coined the term ‘big bang,’ died on Monday,   20 August 2001, from complications following a severe stroke. 1 Born in Yorkshire, England, in 1915, Hoyle was one of Britain’s best-known   mathematicians and astronomers in the last half of the 20th century.   He spent decades searching for answers to questions of the origins of life and the   origin and age of the universe. In the 1940s, he, along with Hermann Bondi and Thomas   Gold, proposed the ‘steady state’ theory, a belief that the universe   had no beginning or end, but always existed and would continue to exist. All these men were strong humanists, so they rejected any theory that seemed to   teach a beginning for the universe, because that would point to a Beginner—see   the discussion in If God created the universe, then who created     God? Their bias was so strong that they were even prepared to violate the   fundamental Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy, which states that mass/energy in   the universe can neither be created nor destroyed. Of course, this fundamental law   is consistent with Genesis—God’s creation of the space-time universe   was finished after six days. But the Steady State Theory posits a continual   spontaneous appearance of hydrogen atoms from nothing. But because the evidence of the rapid expansion of the universe exceeded the predictions   of Hoyle’s theory, and because of the reluctance to believe that fundamental   laws were violated, many astronomers began to postulate that an explosion of highly   dense matter was the beginning of all space and time. In his 1950 BBC radio series, The Nature of the Universe, Hoyle mockingly called this idea the ‘big   bang,’ considering it preposterous. 2 Yet the theory—and the derisive term—have become mainstream, not only   in astronomy but in society as well. Hoyle readily saw through the fallacious assumptions behind the ‘big bang’ theory. In 1994 he wrote, ‘Big-Bang cosmology refers to an epoch that cannot   be reached by any form of astronomy, and, in more than two decades, it has not produced   a single successful prediction.’ 3 Even though many people currently consider cosmic microwave background radiation   a successful prediction of the ‘big bang,’ this is very shaky, and would   fit better with Dr Russ Humphreys’ cosmological model that involves God having   stretched out the cosmos ( Isaiah     42:5 ). This should be a lesson to ‘big-bang’ apologists, who are seduced by   its apparent teaching of a beginning of the universe and simply ignore the contradictions   with God’s Word. What happens to their apologetic framework if the secular   astronomical community goes along with Hoyle after all, and rejects the ‘big   bang’? Then the ‘big-bang’ apologists would need to reinterpret   their reinterpretations of Genesis! See also What are     some of the problems with the Big Bang theory? Also, commenting on the general state of mainstream cosmology, Hoyle and several   colleagues wrote, ‘Cosmology is unique in science in that it is a very large   intellectual edifice based on very few facts. The strong tendency is to replace   a need for more facts by conformity.’ 4 Though Hoyle was not a Biblical creationist or even a Christian, he eventually recognized   the impossibility of Darwinian evolution. Hoyle regularly took to task the Darwinian   establishment for ignoring the complex sources of information and information processing   programs (like DNA) needed for the creation and continuation of life. He realised   that life couldn’t have arisen by chance in a primordial soup on Earth. First,   he tried to solve the problem by saying that if we had the whole universe to work   with instead of Earth, then this might overcome the problem. Hoyle favored and popularized   a view called panspermia, the notion that life originated somewhere else   in the universe and wa


The EU's student exchange programme is named for which Dutch, Renaissance figure?

Erasmus - definition of Erasmus by The Free Dictionary Erasmus - definition of Erasmus by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Erasmus E·ras·mus  (ĭ-răz′məs), Desiderius 1466?-1536. Dutch Renaissance scholar and Roman Catholic theologian who sought to revive classical texts from antiquity, restore simple Christian faith based on Scripture, and eradicate the improprieties of the medieval Church. His works include The Praise of Folly (1509) and On Free Will (1524), a challenge to Luther's views. Erasmus (ɪˈræzməs) n (Biography) Desiderius (ˌdɛzɪˈdɪərɪəs), real name Gerhard Gerhards. ?1466–1536, Dutch humanist, the leading scholar of the Renaissance in northern Europe. He published the first Greek edition of the New Testament in 1516; his other works include the satirical Encomium Moriae (1509); Colloquia (1519), a series of dialogues; and an attack on the theology of Luther, De Libero Arbitrio (1524) E•ras•mus


The calendar of which Mesoamerican people led to a fixation with the year 2012?

The Mayan Calendar The last day of the Mayan calendar corresponds with the December Solstice , which has played a significant role in many cultures all over the world. Not a Maya Invention The Maya didn't invent the calendar, it was used by most cultures in pre-Columbian Central America – including the Maya – from around 2000 BCE to the 16th century. The Mayan civilization developed the calendar further and it's still in use in some Maya communities today. Wheels Working Together The Mayan Calendar consists of three separate corresponding calendars, the Long Count, the Tzolkin (divine calendar) and the Haab (civil calendar). Time is cyclical in the calendars and a set number of days must occur before a new cycle can begin. The three calendars are used simultaneously. The Tzolkin and the Haab identify and name the days, but not the years. The Long Count date comes first, then the Tzolkin date and last the Haab date. A typical Mayan date would read: 13.0.0.0.0 4 Ahau 8 Kumku, where 13.0.0.0.0 is the Long Count date, 4 Ahau is the Tzolkin date and 8 Kumku is the Haab date. The Haab The Haab is a 365 day solar calendar which is divided into 18 months of 20 days each and one month which is only 5 days long (Uayeb). The calendar has an outer ring of Mayan glyphs (pictures) which represent each of the 19 months. Each day is represented by a number in the month followed by the name of the month. Each glyph represents a personality associated with the month. The Haab is somewhat inaccurate as it is exactly 365 days long. An actual tropical or solar year is 365.2422 days long. In today’s Gregorian calendar we adjust for this discrepancy by making almost every fourth year a leap year by adding an extra day – a leap day – on the 29th of February . The Tzolkin The divine calendar is also known as the Sacred Round or the Tzolkin which means “the distribution of the days”. It is a 260-day calendar, with 20 periods of 13 days used to determine the time of religious and ceremonial events. Each day is numbered from one to thirteen, and then repeated. The day is also given a name (glyph) from a sequence of 20 day names. The calendar repeats itself after each cycle. The Long Count The Long Count is an astronomical calendar which was used to track longer periods of time, what the Maya called the “universal cycle”. Each such cycle is calculated to be 2,880,000 days (about 7885 solar years). The Mayans believed that the universe is destroyed and then recreated at the start of each universal cycle. This belief still inspires a myriad of prophesies about the end of the world. The “creation date” for the current cycle we are in today, is 4 Ahaw, 8 Kumku. According to the most common conversion, this date is equivalent to August 11, 3114 BCE in the Gregorian calendar or September 6 in the Julian calendar . How to Set the Date A date in the Maya calendar is specified by its position in both the Tzolkin and the Haab calendars which aligns the Sacred Round with the Vague Year creating the joint cycle called the Calendar Round, represented by two wheels rotating in different directions. The Calendar round cycle takes approximately 52 years to complete. The smallest wheel consists of 260 teeth with each one having the name of the days of the Tzolkin. The larger wheel consists of 365 teeth and has the name of each of the positions of the Haab year. As both wheels rotate, the name of the Tzolkin day corresponds to each Haab position. The date is identified by counting the number of days from the “creation date”. A typical long count date has the following format: Baktun.Katun.Tun.Uinal.Kin. Kin = 1 Day. Uinal = 20 kin = 20 days. Tun = 18 uinal = 360 days. Katun = 20 tun = 360 uinal = 7,200 days. Baktun = 20 katun = 400 tun = 7,200 uinal = 144,000 days. The kin, tun and katun are numbered from zero to 19; the uinal are numbered from zero to 17; and the baktun are numbered from one to 13. The Long Count has a cycle of 13 baktuns, which will be completed 1.872.000 days (13 baktuns) after 0.0.0.0.0. This period equals 5125.36 years and is referred to as the