"Whose film career began in 1993 with ""The Piano"" and whose roles have included Jane Eyre, Queen Isabella II of Spain, a teenage mutant, and a human in a vampire TV series?"

Paquin is also known for playing the lead role of Sookie Stackhouse in the HBO vampire drama television series True Blood (2008-2014). For her performance in the series, Paquin won the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series – Drama in 2009 [8] and was nominated for an additional Golden Globe Award in 2010, as well as three Saturn Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award in 2010. Among other accolades, Paquin has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her work on the 2007 television film Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee and a Golden Globe Award for her work on the 2009 television film The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler . Paquin has been married to actor Stephen Moyer since 2010, with whom she has two children. Early life Paquin was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, the daughter of Mary Paquin (née Brophy), an English teacher and native of Wellington , New Zealand , and Brian Paquin, a high school Physical Education teacher from Canada . Paquin has two older siblings: Andrew (born 1977), a director, and Katya (born 1980), [9] [11] whose partner is the Green Party of New Zealand 's former co-leader Russel Norman . [12] Paquin's family moved to New Zealand when she was four. She attended the Raphael House Rudolf Steiner School until she was eight or nine. [2] Her musical childhood hobbies in New Zealand included playing the viola , cello and piano . She also participated in gymnastics , ballet , swimming and downhill skiing , though she did not have any hobbies related to acting. [14] While in New Zealand, Paquin attended Hutt Intermediate School (1994–95). Having begun her secondary education in Wellington at Wellington Girls' College , she completed her high school diploma at Windward School in Los Angeles, after moving to the U.S. with her mother following her parents' divorce (1995). She graduated from Windward School in June 2000 and completed the school's Community Service requirement by working in a soup kitchen and at a Special Education Centre. She studied at Columbia University for one year but has since been on a leave of absence to continue her acting career. Career Child actress Director Jane Campion was looking for a little girl to play a main role in The Piano , set to film in New Zealand, and a newspaper advertisement was run announcing an open audition. Paquin's sister read the ad and went to try out with a friend; this inspired Paquin to also audition. When Campion met Paquin—whose only acting experience had been as a skunk in a school play—she was very impressed with the nine-year-old's performance of the monologue about Flora's father, and she was chosen from among the 5000 candidates. [14] When The Piano was released in 1993 it was lauded by critics, won prizes at a number of film festivals, and eventually became a popular film among a wide audience. Paquin's debut performance in the film earned her the 1993 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11, making her the second-youngest Oscar winner in history, behind Tatum O'Neal . [14] The Piano was made as a small independent film and wasn't expected to be widely known, and Paquin and her family did not plan to continue in the acting circles. However, she was invited to the William Morris Agency , and she kept receiving offers for new roles. She systematically refused them, but she did appear in three commercials for the phone company MCI in 1994. [15] She later made a series of television commercials for Manitoba Telecom Systems in her birth city of Winnipeg. [2] She also appeared as a voice in an audio book entitled The Magnificent Nose in 1994. In 1996, she appeared in two films. The first role was as young Jane in Jane Eyre . The other was a lead part in Fly Away Home playing a young girl who, after her mother dies, moves in with her father and finds solace in taking care of orphaned goslings. [17] As a teenager, she had roles in films, including A Walk on the Moon , Amistad , Hurlyburly , She's All That and Almost Famous . X-Men, True


What is the name of the rose coloured gaseous envelope outside the incandescent surface of the sun?

Some Inquiries Suggested by Mr. Sinnett’s “Esoteric Buddhism” | Universal Theosophy Home Articles Articles by H.P. Blavatsky Some Inquiries Suggested by Mr. Sinnett’s “Esoteric Buddhism” Some Inquiries Suggested by Mr. Sinnett’s “Esoteric Buddhism” Posted By: Universal Theosophy on: August 05, 2016 Some Inquiries Suggested by Mr. Sinnett’s “Esoteric Buddhism” Theosophist, September, 1883 etc. (Below is as published in Five Years of Theosophy, 1885) [For Notes on the authorship of the following, see Blavatsky CW vol. 5, pp. 129-138] The object of the following paper is to submit certain questions which have occurred to some English readers of “Esoteric Buddhism.” We have had the great advantage of hearing Mr. Sinnett himself explain many points which perplexed us; and it is with his sanction that we now venture to ask that such light as is permissible may be thrown upon some difficulties which, so far as we can discover, remain as yet unsolved. We have refrained from asking questions on subjects on which we understand that the Adepts forbid inquiry, and we respectfully hope that, as we approach the subject with a genuine wish to arrive at all the truth possible to us, our perplexities may be thought worthy of an authorized solution. We begin, then, with some obvious scientific difficulties. 1. Is the Nebular Theory, as generally held, denied by the Adepts? It seems hard to conceive of the alternate evolution from the sun’s central mass of planets, some of them visible and heavy, others invisible,—and apparently without weight, as they have no influence on the movements of the visible planets. 2. And, further, the time necessary for the manvantara even of one planetary chain, much more of all seven, seems largely to exceed the probable time during which the sun can retain heat, if it is merely a cooling mass, which derives no important accession of heat from without. Is some other view as regards the maintenance of the sun’s heat held by the Adepts? 3. The different races which succeed each other on the earth are said to be separated by catastrophes, among which continental subsidences occupy a prominent place. Is it meant that these subsidences are so sudden and unforeseen as to sweep away great nations in an hour? Or, if not, how is it that no appreciable trace is left of such high civilizations as are described in the past? Is it supposed that our present European civilization, with its offshoots all over the globe, can be destroyed by any inundation or conflagration which leaves life still existing on the earth? Are our existing arts and languages doomed to perish? or was it only the earlier races who were thus profoundly disjoined from one another? 4. The moon is said to be the scene of a life even more immersed in matter than the life on earth. Are there then material organizations living there? If so, how do they dispense with air and water, and how is it that our telescopes discern no trace of their works? We should much like a fuller account of the Adepts’ view of the moon, as so much is already known of her material conditions that further knowledge could be more easily adjusted than in the case (for instance) of planets wholly invisible. 5. Is the expression “a mineral monad” authorized by the Adepts? If so, what relation does the monad bear to the atom, or the molecule, of ordinary scientific hypothesis? And does each mineral monad eventually become a vegetable monad, and then at last a human being? Turning now to some historical difficulties, we would ask as follows: 6. Is there not some confusion in the letter quoted on p. 62 of “Esoteric Buddhism,” where “the old Greeks and Romans” are said to have been Atlanteans? The Greeks and Romans were surely Aryans, like the Adepts and ourselves: their language being, as one may say, intermediate between Sanscrit and modern European dialects. 7. Buddha’s birth is placed (on p. 141) in the year 643 B.C.. Is this date given by the Adepts as undoubtedly correct? Have they any view as to the new inscriptions of Asoka (as given by General A. Cunningham, “Corpus Inscription


In 1915, Rev Philip (Tubby) Clayton founded which organisation as a club and church for returned soldiers?

infed.org | Revd. Philip (Tubby) Clayton and Toc H search Revd. Philip (Tubby) Clayton and Toc H Revd. Philip (Tubby) Clayton and Toc H. Philip (‘Tubby’) Clayton was Vicar of All Hallows by the Tower. However, he was best known for his work initially as an army chaplain during the First World War and in particular the establishment of Talbot House a unique place of rest and sanctuary for British troops. After the war the spirit and intent of Talbot House became expressed through the Toc H movement. We explore Philip Clayton’s contribution. contents: introduction · talbot house · toc h · conclusion · appendix – the four points of the toc h compass · further reading and bibliography · links · how to cite this article Philip Thomas Byard Clayton (1885-1972), known to his friends as Tubby, was born December 12, 1885 in Queensland. At the age of two his parents returned to England. Educated at St Paul’s School in London and then at Exeter College, Oxford, he gained a First Class Degree in Theology. While reading for orders under the Dean of Westminster he became involved with the boys’ club work of the Oxford Medical Mission in Bermondsey. John Stansfeld (‘The Doctor’), the founder of the Mission, had, according to Philip Clayton, ‘passed like the Pied Piper, through the ‘Varsity and bidden us to the boys’ clubs at Dockhead, Gordon and Decima’ (quoted by Baron 1952: 206). He worked there one night a week, joining a remarkable group of workers that included Alec Paterson and Barclay ‘Barkis’ Baron (who was later to join the central staff of Toc H and edit the Toc H magazine). Talbot House In 1910 Philip ‘Tubby’ Clayton became a curate to St Mary’s Portsea, where he remained until early in 1915. At this point he went to France as an Army Chaplain. In December 1915 he opened a soldier’s rest-house behind Allied lines in Belgium at Gasthuisstraat in autumn 1915 (assisted by fellow chaplain – Neville Talbot – another of the ‘Doctor’s men’). This house – Talbot House (or ‘Toc H’ in signaller’s jargon) – with its chapel in the hop loft at the top of the building, was experienced as a unique place of fellowship and sanctuary. It shared some similarities with the work of the YMCA huts that appeared in great numbers during the War. However, it also had something unique, something that flowed from the character of Clayton and the spirit of brotherhood he fosters. Friendships were formed across ranks – and many discovered a reality in religion for the first time (Rice and Prideaux-Brune 1990). The House remained open until spring 1918 when German advances brought it directly into the battle zone. Such was the effect of the house, that a number of those who had passed through it wanted to re-create its atmosphere and ethos in peacetime. As Rice and Prideaux-Brune have commented it was two particular aspects that people want to preserve: Firstly, there was the fellowship of Toc H, something deeper than the much-talked-of ‘comradeship of the trenches’. People found they could create real friendships with those who, in other circumstances, they would never have met. And they realized that such friendships could transform society. One of them wrote afterwards: ‘To conquer hate would be to end the strife of all the ages, but for men to know one another is not difficult, and it is half the battle’. And then there was the impact of that Upper Room. The chapel was Anglican, but it was not narrowly denominational. The house was Christian, but it offered a welcome to all who entered it. And so those who entered it wanted to preserve a spirit which would overcome the hostility between the different Christian traditions, and would offer a place, within a Christian community, to those who had no clear Christian beliefs. (1990: 10) It is easy to see why those involved with Oxford and Bermondsey such as Barclay Baron and Alexander Paterson would be part of such efforts. (Paterson and ‘other Bermondsey friends’ who were in services visited the House when they were close by). The ideals ran in parallel with their own concerns in Bermondsey. Toc H Immediat


How many times has croquet been an Olympic sport?

Croquet - Discontinued Olympic Sports Discontinued Olympic Sports If you do not know the game of croquet, it is a game that is played by hitting wooden balls with mallets through hoops (commonly known as wickets). This game is played on a grassy open court. Croquet has been enjoyed by many all over the world (mainly Europe) for centuries. Croquet only made one appearance in the 1900 Paris Olympics. Like many of the sports in the 1900 Paris Olympics, it was messy for many various reasons like: small number of spectators, poor organization, lack of diversity, and scarcity of publicity, and many other reasons. The croquet event in the Olympics was not very popular. The event only had one spectator, an Englishman, who traveled all the way from Nice, France , just to watch the events. This was one of the main reasons that croquet did not return because nobody wanted to watch it. It was no surprise that croquet did not reappear the next Summer Olympics in 1904. The 1900 Summer Olympics also very special. Two of the French croquet competitors were women, although they did not win any medals, they were the first woman to compete in the Olympic Games (competing with other men), in a match of croquet that began on June 28, 1900. One of the other major reasons that croquet is no longer an Olympic sport is because of the lack of diversity. Nine out of the ten competitors were French, two woman and seven men. The remaining competitor was Belgian, named Marcel Haentjens. Haentjens received last place and did not medal in anything. This lack of diversity was another cause of the loss of croquet. The game of croquet began in the mid 1800s, starting in France and then traveling from Ireland through England. It was not popular among women, they did not enjoy games that were outdoors. The game was always closely chaperoned, making pressure build up on the competitors, which was another reason why the game was so challenging. As time passed, croquet became more popular in England and France,which was why they thought it would be a good idea to put it in the 1900 Summer Olympics. Today, croquet is played all over the world (most commonly in Europe). Fun facts about croquet: 1. Croquet balls were originally made from wood but now, they are mainly made from hard plastic. 2. There are not enough countries that play croquet for it to be accepted again as an Olympic sport. 3. Croquet was played in the movie and book Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. Hedgehogs were used as ball and flamingos were used as mallets. 4. It was the first game in history to celebrate equality for both the sexes. 5. Tobacco smoke was the only thing that spread faster than croquet in the British Empire. 6. Croquet is believed to have origins from the 17th century palle-maille, a game usually played in London’s Pall Mall. 7. Croquet first came to the South Pole in 2005, played by American Scientists in the snow. Create a free website


"About which conflict did Winston Churchill say ""never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few""?"

Never was so much owed by so many to so few - Winston Churchill Speeches - YouTube Never was so much owed by so many to so few - Winston Churchill Speeches Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 31, 2010 Never was so much owed by so many to so few was a wartime speech made by the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on 20 August 1940. The name stems from the specific line in the speech, Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few, referring to the ongoing efforts of the Royal Air Force pilots who were at the time fighting the Battle of Britain, the pivotal air battle with the German Luftwaffe with Britain expecting a German invasion. With the battle won a few months later and German plans postponed, the Allied airmen of the battle ultimately became known as "The Few". Category


In which city was US president John F Kennedy assassinated on 22 November 1963?

November 22, 1963: Death of the President - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum November 22, 1963: Death of the President November 22, 1963: Death of the President Shortly after noon on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. By the fall of 1963, President John F. Kennedy and his political advisers were preparing for the next presidential campaign. Although he had not formally announced his candidacy, it was clear that President Kennedy was going to run and he seemed confident about his chances for re-election. At the end of September, the president traveled west, speaking in nine different states in less than a week. The trip was meant to put a spotlight on natural resources and conservation efforts. But JFK also used it to sound out themes—such as education, national security, and world peace—for his run in 1964. Campaigning in Texas A month later, the president addressed Democratic gatherings in Boston and Philadelphia. Then, on November 12, he held the first important political planning session for the upcoming election year. At the meeting, JFK stressed the importance of winning Florida and Texas and talked about his plans to visit both states in the next two weeks. Mrs. Kennedy would accompany him on the swing through Texas, which would be her first extended public appearance since the loss of their baby, Patrick, in August. On November 21, the president and first lady departed on Air Force One for the two-day, five-city tour of Texas.   President Kennedy was aware that a feud among party leaders in Texas could jeopardize his chances of carrying the state in 1964, and one of his aims for the trip was to bring Democrats together. He also knew that a relatively small but vocal group of extremists was contributing to the political tensions in Texas and would likely make its presence felt—particularly in Dallas, where US Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai Stevenson had been physically attacked a month earlier after making a speech there. Nonetheless, JFK seemed to relish the prospect of leaving Washington, getting out among the people and into the political fray. The first stop was San Antonio. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Governor John B. Connally, and Senator Ralph W. Yarborough led the welcoming party. They accompanied the president to Brooks Air Force Base for the dedication of the Aerospace Medical Health Center. Continuing on to Houston, he addressed a Latin American citizens' organization and spoke at a testimonial dinner for Congressman Albert Thomas before ending the day in Fort Worth. Morning in Fort Worth A light rain was falling on Friday morning, November 22, but a crowd of several thousand stood in the parking lot outside the Texas Hotel where the Kennedys had spent the night. A platform was set up and the president, wearing no protection against the weather, came out to make some brief remarks. "There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth," he began, "and I appreciate your being here this morning. Mrs. Kennedy is organizing herself. It takes longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when she does it." He went on to talk about the nation's need for being "second to none" in defense and in space, for continued growth in the economy and "the willingness of citizens of the United States to assume the burdens of leadership." The warmth of the audience response was palpable as the president reached out to shake hands amidst a sea of smiling faces. Back inside the hotel the president spoke at a breakfast of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, focusing on military preparedness. "We are still the keystone in the arch of freedom," he said. "We will continue to do…our duty, and the people of Texas will be in the lead." On to Dallas The presidential party left the hotel and went by motorcade to Carswell Air Force Base for the thirteen-minute flight to Dallas. Arriving at Love Field, President and Mrs. Kennedy disembarked and immediately walked toward a fence where a crowd of well-wishers had gathe


The rivers Tewy, Taff, Tone, Taw and Torridge flow into which body of water?

The Historic Counties Trust :: Historic Counties Descriptions The Historic Counties Trust Historic Counties Descriptions The counties are listed along with their Historic Counties Standard (HCS) Number and their HCS Code. 01  ABN  Aberdeenshire Aberdeenshire is a Highland county. Its coastline rounds the "Cold Shoulder" of the Highlands, Buchan, on which coast are the fishing towns of Fraserburgh and Peterhead. The county's coast then stretches round to the county town, Aberdeen and the River Dee, the lower reaches of which form its southern border with Kincardineshire. The coast is largely rocky with few headlands. Aberdeenshire reaches inland along the valley of the Don and up the Dee deep into the Grampian Mountains. In these inland parts the county beyond Buchan are mountain and forest, but with fertile valleys. The City of Aberdeen is the landward heart of the North Sea oil business. This has made Aberdeen one of Britain's wealthiest towns and also a centre of engineering excellence. Aberdeen is home to one of the four ancient universities of Scotland. Inland, Aberdeenshire contains several "Munroes" (mountains over 3,000 feet), of which the highest is Ben Macdhui, standing at 4,296 feet, on the Banffshire border. Main Towns: Aberdeen, Ballater, Braemar, Dyce, Fraserburgh, Huntly, Inverurie, Peterhead. Main Rivers: Balmoral; Slains Castle, Peterhead; Provost Skene's House, Aberdeen; Loanhead Stone Circle. Highest Point: 1,950 sq miles 02  AGL  Anglesey Anglesey (Sir Fôn) is an island county. Anglesey is separated from Caernarfonshire on the mainland by the Menai Straits, spanned by the Britannia Bridge and the Menai Suspension Bridge. Anglesey is the only county in Wales that is not mountainous, the highest point being Holyhead Hill (703 feet). Its northern coast is rocky and a haven for nesting seabirds, choughs and ravens. Elsewhere the coast is gentler and dotted with shingle and sandy beaches. There are many antiquities, including the impressive Beaumarais Castle, built by Edward I. The main rivers are the Braint and the Cefni. Off the west coast of the Isle of Anglesey but linked by a causeway, is Holy Island. Holyhead on Holy Island is the main ferry terminal between Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland. Anglesey's most important industries are agriculture and tourism (one of the biggest drawing attractions being the village of Llanfairpwllgwyngythgogerychwerndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch). Main Towns: Beaumaris, Holyhead, Llanerchymedd, Menai Bridge, Newborough, Trearddur Bay. Main Rivers: 276 sq miles 03  ANG  Angus Angus is a square-shaped county on the east coast of Scotland. The main town is Dundee, which grew to wealth on jute manufacture, shipbuilding and whaling. Now more diversified industry keeps it going. Angus rises from the lowlands coast up to the mountains, amongst which are the isolated Braes O' Angus, famed for their beauty. Angus can be divided into four parallel and very distinctive districts; in the north the Grampians, in the south the Sidlaw Hills, between them Strathmore, and the coastlands in the east. The shire was also once known as Forfarshire from its county town, Forfar. Forfar was a royal residence for some centuries, and the place where Malcolm III granted new titles to his nobility (a scene Shakespeare portrayed, though he portrayed it on the bloody fields of Dunsinane in Perthshire). Main Towns: Forfar, Arbroath, Brechin, Carnoustie, Dundee, Fintry, Kirriemuir, Montrose. Main Rivers: 889 sq miles 04  ANM  Antrim A coastal county of Ulster, bounded to the north and east by the sea, to the west by the River Bann and Lough Neagh from which the Bann flows. The county's southern border is the River Lagan, which flows into the North Channel in the Belfast Lough. Thus Antrim is surrounded by water. Belfast, the main city of Antrim, is also the major city (and capital) of Northern Ireland. The town of Antrim itself, near the shore of Lough Neagh, is a modest market town. Antrim consists of a number of distinctive areas. In the northeast of the county, running down into the sea, are t


What song by Kings of Leon gave them their first number 1 single in the UK, charting at the top-spot on digital downloads alone, before its physical release?

UK Singles Chart | Band Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Singles charts based on sales of records were first published by the American Billboard magazine as early as 1940. In that respect the United Kingdom could be said to have been slow to pick up on the idea. The first British singles chart based on sales, was published in the 14 November 1952 edition of the New Musical Express (NME). Even then, it was at first little more than a gimmick, compared to the more prestigious sheet music charts. These had been produced on and off since 1936, and in their turn formed the basis of the first-ever chart countdown show on Radio Luxembourg . The new sales chart was a tool in the circulation war against NME's much older (and more popular) rival Melody Maker . The chart, described as a top 12 although the first one actually listed 15 records due to tied positions, was the creation of the paper's advertising manager, Percy Dickins, who compiled it by telephoning around 20 major record stores and aggregating their sales reports. He would continue to personally oversee the compilation of the chart well into the 1960s. The chart rapidly became one of the paper's most popular features. After only a few weeks, it started being quoted in record company advertisements and press releases. In October 1954 it expanded to a Top 20 and in April 1956 to a Top 30. The chart also spawned imitators; Record Mirror launched its own chart in 1955 and Melody Maker on 7 April 1956. However, none of this meant that the sheet music chart became redundant overnight. For a few more years it was still regarded as important, and was probably more accurately compiled, but the sales chart was the chart of the future. The forerunner of today's official chart first appeared in the music trade publication Record Retailer (now Music Week ) in March 1960 as a Top 50, but was not immediately recognised as the definitive chart in the country. Arguably, the NME chart was still the most recognised chart, and had the advantage of widespread exposure due to its use by Radio Luxembourg . Throughout the sixties, the various different charts vied for public recognition, leading to some historical anomalies - for example, The Beatles ' second single " Please Please Me " was listed at number one on most charts, but not in Record Retailer. To add to the confusion, the chart used by the BBC on their popular shows Pick of the Pops and Top Of The Pops , in an effort to remain impartial, was actually calculated by averaging out all the others, and so did not agree with any of them, and was prone to tied positions, the most notorious example being when three records (The Beach Boys " Do It Again ", The Bee Gees " I've Gotta Get a Message to You ", and Herb Alpert 's " This Guy's In Love With You ") tied at Number 1 in Summer 1968. There were also charts, such as that used in the mid 1960s by the " pirate " station Radio London (the "Fab 40"), which, because of the size of the audience, were influential, but were essentially airplay charts (allegedly influenced by payola ) and bore no relation to sales. In February 1969 a more reliable chart emerged, from an alliance between the BBC and Record Retailer. For the first time a professional polling organisation, BMRB , was commissioned to oversee the chart, and a pool of 500 record shops was used, more than twice as many as had been used for any previous chart. The new Official Top 50, computer-compiled for the first time, was inaugurated in the week ending 12 February 1969. Since then it, and its successors, have been published every week by Record Retailer and then Music Week . In May 1978, the singles chart was expanded from a Top 50 to a Top 75. [[[UK Singles Chart|edit]]] Electronic Age Edit In January 1983; BMRB lost their contract to Gallup , who arranged for electronic data gathering to replace the old sales diary method of compilation, which as well as being reliant on the smooth running of the postal service (as had been demonstrated by a two month long postal strike in early 1971), was also vulnerable to anyone wanting to


What was the name of George Stephenson's first steam engine, which first ran on the Manchester and Liverpool Railway in 1830?

George Stephenson - The First Steam Locomotive Engine By Mary Bellis Updated February 03, 2016. George Stephenson was born on June 9, 1781, in the coal mining village of Wylam, England. His father, Robert Stephenson, was a poor, hard working man, that supported his family entirely from wages of twelve shillings a week. Wagons loaded with coal passed through Wylam several times a day. These wagons were drawn by horses -- locomotives had not yet been invented. George Stephenson's first job was to watch over a few cows owned by a neighbor which were allowed to feed along the road; George was paid two cents a day to keep the cows out of the way of the coal-wagons; and also, to close the gates after the day's work of the wagons was over. George Stephenson - Life in the Coal Mines George Stephenson's next job was at the mines as a picker. His duty was to clean the coal of stone, slate, and other impurities. Eventually, George Stephenson worked at several coal mines as a fireman, plugman, brakeman, and engineer. However, in his spare time George loved to tinker with any engine or piece of mining equipment that fell into his hands. continue reading below our video 5 Steps to Starting Your Own Business He became skilled at adjusting and even repairing the engines found in the mining pumps, even though at that time he could not read or write. As a young adult, George paid for and attended night school where he learned to read, write, and do arithmetic. In 1804, George Stephenson walked on foot to Scotland to take a job working in a coal mine that used one of James Watt's steam engines, the best steam engines of the day. In 1807, George Stephenson considered emigrating to America; but he was too poor to pay for the passage. He began work nights repairing shoes, clocks, and watches, making extra money that he would spend on his inventing projects. George Stephenson - First Locomotive In 1813, George Stephenson became aware that William Hedley and Timothy Hackworth were designing a locomotive for the Wylam coal mine. So at the age of twenty, George Stephenson began the construction of his first locomotive. It should be noted that at this time in history, every part of the engine had to be made by hand, and hammered into shape just like a horseshoe. John Thorswall, a coal mine blacksmith, was George Stephenson's main assistant. The Blucher Hauls Coal After ten months' labor, George Stephenson's locomotive "Blucher" was completed and tested on the Cillingwood Railway on July 25, 1814. The track was an uphill trek of four hundred and fifty feet. George Stephenson's engine hauled eight loaded coal wagons weighing thirty tons, at about four miles an hour. This was the first steam engined powered locomotive to run on a railroad and it was the most successful working steam engine that had ever been constructed up to this period, this encouraged the inventor make further experiments. In all, Stephenson built sixteen different engines. First Public Railways George Stephenson build the world's first public railways: the Stockton and Darlington railway in 1825 and the Liverpool-Manchester railway in 1830. Stephenson was the chief engineer for several of the railways. George Stephenson - Other Inventions In 1815, George Stephenson invented a new safety lamp that would not explode when used around the flammable gasses found in the coal mines. Also in 1815, George Stephenson and Ralph Dodds patented an improved method of driving (turning) locomotive wheels using pins attached to the spokes to act as cranks. The driving rod was connected to the pin using a ball and socket joint, previously gear wheels had been used. Stephenson and William Losh, who owned an ironworks in Newcastle patented a method of making cast iron rails. In 1829, George Stephenson and his son Robert invented a multi-tubular boiler for the now-famous locomotive "Rocket".


In musical notation, what is the name for the short lines drawn for notes that are too high or too low to fit on the stave?

Music Staff & Musical Notation or Symbols - The Staves musictheory 0 Comment Western music is usually written on a staff. People were talking long before they invented writing. People were also making music long before anyone wrote any music down. Some musicians still play “by ear” (without written music), and some music traditions rely more on improvisation and/or “by ear” learning. But written music is very useful, for many of the same reasons that written words are useful. Music is easier to study and share if it is written down. Western music specializes in long, complex pieces for large groups of musicians singing or playing parts exactly as a composer intended. Without written music, this would be too difficult. Many different types of music notation have been invented, and some, such as tablature, are still in use. By far the most widespread way to write music, however, is on a staff. In fact, this type of written music is so ubiquitous that it is called common notation. Music theory : the staff The staff (plural staves) is written as five horizontal parallel lines. Most of the notes of the music are placed on one of these lines or in a space in between lines. Extra ledger lines may be added to show a note that is too high or too low to be on the staff. Vertical bar lines divide the staff into short sections called measures or bars. A double bar line, either heavy or light, is used to mark the ends of larger sections of music, including the very end of a piece, which is marked by a heavy double bar. The Staff The five horizontal lines are the lines of the staff. In between the lines are the spaces. If a note is above or below the staff, ledger lines are added to show how far above or below. Shorter vertical lines are bar lines. The most important symbols on the staff, the clef symbol, key signature and time signature, appear at the beginning of the staff. Many different kinds of symbols can appear on, above, and below the staff. The notes and rests are the actual written music. Other symbols on the staff, like the clef symbol, the key signature, and the time signature, tell you important information about the notes and measures. Symbols that appear above and below the music may tell you how fast it goes (tempo markings), how loud it should be (dynamic markings), where to go next (repeats, for example) and even give directions for how to perform particular notes (accents, for example). Other Symbols on the Staff A notes stands for a sound; a rest stands for a silence. There are many other symbols on and around the staff that give directions for playing the music; the most important of these symbols give the clef, the key signature, and the time signature. But it is the notes and rests that are the actual written music. The bar lines divide the staff into short sections called bars or measures. The notes (sounds) and rests (silences) are the written music. Many other symbols may appear on, above, or below the staff, giving directions for how to play the music. Groups of staves Staves are read from left to right. Beginning at the top of the page, they are read one staff at a time unless they are connected. If staves should be played at the same time (by the same person or by different people), they will be connected at least by a long vertical line at the left hand side. They may also be connected by their bar lines. Staves played by similar instruments or voices, or staves that should be played by the same person (for example, the right hand and left hand of a piano part) may be grouped together by braces or brackets at the beginning of each line. Groups of Staves When many staves are to be played at the same time, as in this orchestral score, the lines for similar instruments – all the violins, for example, or all the strings – may be marked with braces or brackets.


"By what name is the modern game that was published by Milton Bradley Company in 1943 as the pad-and-pencil game ""Broadsides, the Game of Naval Strategy""?"

Arcade – I Grew Up In Home Games Arcade   Pac-Man is an arcade game developed by Namco and first released in Japan on May 22, 1980 and is often credited with being a landmark in video game history, and is among the most famous arcade games of all time. It is also one of the highest-grossing video games of all time, having generated more than US$2.5 billion in quarters by the 1990s. Duck Hunt is a video game developed and published by Nintendo, and was released in 1984 in Japan in which players use the NES Zapper to shoot ducks on screen for points. The ducks appear one or two at a time, and the player is given three shots to shoot them down. Space Invaders is an arcade video game designed by Tomohiro Nishikado, and released in 1978 and is one of the earliest shooting games and the aim is to defeat waves of aliens with a laser cannon to earn as many points as possible. Following its release, the game caused a temporary shortage of 100-yen coins in Japan and grossed US$2 billion worldwide by 1982. Simon is an electronic game of memory skill invented by Ralph H. Baer and Howard J. Morrison, with software programming by Lenny Cope, and manufactured and distributed by Milton Bradley. Simon was launched in 1978 at Studio 54 in New York City. Moon Patrol is an arcade game where the player controls a moon buggy, viewing it from the side, that travels over the moon’s surface. While driving it, obstacles such as craters and mines must be avoided. The buggy is also attacked by UFOs from above and tanks on the ground. Moon Patrol was one of the earliest side-scrolling shooters and is credited for the introduction of parallax scrolling in side-scrolling video games. Donkey Kong is a single-screen platform/action puzzle types, featuring Donkey Kong as the antagonist against Mario in an industrial construction setting. The original Donkey Kong game was the first appearance of Mario, Nintendo’s flagship character, pre-dating the well-known Super Mario Bros. by four years. Tetris is a tile-matching puzzle video game originally designed and programmed in the Soviet Union. Pajitnov derived its name from the Greek numerical prefix tetra- (all of the game’s pieces contain four segments) and tennis, Pajitnov’s favorite sport. Asteroids is a video game. On April 6, 2010, John McAllister set a preliminary record score of 41,338,740 after 58 hours, streamed live over the Internet, breaking the record set by Scott Safran (of Cherry Hill, New Jersey) 27 years earlier. Can you beat his high score? 80’s Movie Word Search is an adaption of a word search puzzle. The first published word search was created by Norman E. Gibat in the Selenby Digest on March 1, 1968 in Norman, Oklahoma. Battleship is a guessing game for two players. It is known worldwide as a pencil and paper game which predates World War I. It was published by Milton Bradley Company in 1943 as the pad-and-pencil game “Broadsides, the Game of Naval Strategy”, and as a board game in 1967. James Bond Puzzle is a timed puzzle game. The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond (“007”), who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. Earlier films were based on Fleming’s novels and short stories, followed later by films with original storylines. It is the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in ongoing production from 1962 to the present. Snowball Fight is a first person shooter game where you throw snowballs at neighborhood bullies in your backyard. Pixie Catcher is a flash game. Click on a pixie to catch it, and then drop it in the jar. Approach the pixies carefully or they’ll escape. Catch as many pixies as you can before dawn breaks!


"What is Malay for ""man of the woods""?"

wild man of the woods - definition of wild man of the woods in English | Oxford Dictionaries Definition of wild man of the woods in English: wild man of the woods noun 1A man or supposed semi-human creature living in a wild state in woodland. Example sentences ‘The motif of the Wild Man of the Woods is a staple of folklore. The legend is encountered in many, if not all, of the world's cultures.’ ‘The Bakwas' or Wild Man of the Woods is a supernatural being who lurks near the edge of the forest and near streams.’ 1.1dated An orangutan. Example sentences ‘His Latin term for the creature was ‘Homo Sylvestris’ or ‘wild man of the woods,’ and, conversely, the humanity of the quasi-mythical pygmies had long been the subject of European speculation.’ ‘‘Orang-utan’ means ‘wild man of the woods’; until they were studied up close, European explorers thought gorillas were actually a tribe of humans related to the Pygmies.’ Word of the Day Matching verbs to collective nouns Which of these sentences is correct? Each group are choosing a topic. Each group is choosing a topic. Which of these sentences is correct? The committee have reached a decision. The committee has reached a decision. Which of these sentences is correct? Each band perform three songs. Each band performs three songs. Which of these sentences is correct? People needs to be aware of the dangers. People need to be aware of the dangers. Which of these sentences is correct? The police don’t have any new leads. The police doesn't have any new leads. Which of these sentences is correct? We believe the jury has reached their verdict. We believe the jury have reached their verdict. Which of these sentences is correct? Every family own a TV. Every family owns a TV. Which of these sentences is correct? Every team has to consist of three players. Every team have to consist of three players. Which of these sentences is correct? The novice crew hopes to beat the record. The novice crew hope to beat the record. Which of these sentences is correct? The band is the best singers I've ever heard. The band are the best singers I've ever heard. You scored /10 practise again? Retry Most popular in the world Australia


What is the name for the phenomenon that causes a spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the sun shines onto droplets of moisture in the Earth's atmosphere?

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What was the nickname of the Chevalier Raoul, a character in a tale by Perrault in 1697, who murdered successive wives?

Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama, Vol 1 by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D. - Full Text Free Book (Part 6/15) BLATANT BEAST (_The_), the personification of slander or public opinion. The beast had 100 tongues and a sting. Sir Artegal muzzled the monster, and dragged it to Faery-land, but it broke loose and regained its liberty. Subsequently sir Calidore (_3 syl._) went in quest of it.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v. and vi. (1596). [Illustration] "Mrs. Grundy" is the modern name of Spenser's "Blatant Beast." BLATHERS AND DUFF, detectives who investigate the burglary in which Bill Sikes had a hand. Blathers relates the tale of Conkey Chickweed, who robbed himself of 327 guineas.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837). BLATTERGROWL (_The Rev. Mr._), minister of Trotcosey, near Monkbarns.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, Elizabeth). BLEEDING-HEART YARD (London). So called because it was the place where the devil cast the bleeding heart of lady Hatton (wife of the dancing chancellor), after he had torn it out of her body with his claws.--Dr. Mackay, _Extraordinary Popular Delusions_. BLEISE (1 _syl._) of Northumberland, historian of king Arthur's period. BLEMMYES (3 _syl._), a people of Africa, fabled to have no head, but having eyes and mouth in the breast. (See GAOKA.) Blemmyis traduntur capita abesse, ore et oculis pectori affixis.--Pliny. Ctesias speaks of a people of India near the Ganges, _sine cervice, oculos in humeris habentes_. Mela also refers to a people _quibus capita et vultus in pectore sunt_. BLENHEIM SPANIELS. The Oxford electors are so called, because for many years they obediently supported any candidate which the duke of Marlborough commanded them to return. Lockhart broke through this custom by telling the people the fable of the _Dog and the Wolf_. The dog, it will be remembered, had on his neck the marks of his collar, and the wolf said he preferred liberty. (The race of the little dog called the Blenheim spaniel, has been preserved ever since Blenheim House was built for the duke of Marlborough in 1704.) BLETSON (_Master Joshua_), one of the three parliamentary commissioners sent by Cromwell with a warrant to leave the royal lodge to the Lee family.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth). BLIFIL, a noted character in Fielding's novel entitled _The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750). Blifil is the original of Sheridan's "Joseph Surface" in the _School for Scandal_ (1777). BLIGH (_William_), captain of the _Bounty_, so well known for the mutiny, headed by Fletcher Christian, the mate (1790). BLIMBER (_Dr._), head of a school for the sons of gentlemen, at Brighton. It was a select school for ten pupils only; but there was learning enough for ten times ten. "Mental green peas were produced at Christmas, and intellectual asparagus all the year round." The doctor was really a ripe scholar, and truly kind-hearted; but his great fault was over-tasking his boys, and not seeing when the bow was too much stretched. Paul Dombey, a delicate lad, succumbed to this strong mental pressure. _Mrs. Blimber_, wife of the doctor, not learned, but wished to be thought so. Her pride was to see the boys in the largest possible collars and stiffest possible cravats, which she deemed highly classical. _Cornelia Blimber_, the doctor's daughter, a slim young lady, who kept her hair short and wore spectacles. Miss Blimber "had no nonsense about her," but had grown "dry and sandy with working in the graves of dead languages." She married Mr. Feeder, B.A., Dr. Blimber's usher.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846). BLIND BEGGAR OF BETHNAL GREEN, Henry, son and heir of sir Simon de Montfort. At the battle of Evesham the barons were routed, Montfort slain, and his son Henry left on the field for dead. A baron's daughter discovered the young man, nursed him with care, and married him. The fruit of the marriage was "pretty Bessee, the beggar's daughter." Henry de Montfort assumed the garb and semblance of a blind beggar, to escape the vigilance of king Henry's spies. Day produced, in 1659, a drama called


What caused it to snow in New England at least once every month during 1816?

1816, the year without a summer, Avon, Ohio Home (Main Menu) 1816, the year without a summer Benjamin Franklin was the first to establish the link between volcanic eruptions and climate change when he suggested the bitterly cold winter of 1783-84 in Europe was a result of the dust cloud from the massive eruption of Iceland's Mt. Laki in 1783. Mount Tambora, which is on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa, erupted on April 5, 1815; and resulted in an extremely cold spring and summer in 1816, which became known as the 'year without a summer.' Its explosion threw so much material into the atmosphere that, as it spread around the world, it changed the climate of the entire planet. In 1816, it snowed in June in the United States and Europe. Crops failed, there was starvation, people lost their farms, and it touched off the wave of emigration that led to the settlement of what is now the American Midwest. In the meantime, hundreds of thousands more starved around the world. New England and Europe were hit exceptionally hard. Snowfalls and frost occurred in June, July and August and all but the hardiest grains were destroyed. Destruction of the corn crop forced farmers to slaughter their animals. Soup kitchens were opened to feed the hungry. Sea ice migrated across Atlantic shipping lanes, and alpine glaciers advanced down mountain slopes to exceptionally low elevations. The large amount of sulfuric acid eventually produced in the stratosphere by sulfur-rich gases released during the eruption blocked out solar radiation, resulting in a cooling of Earth's surface for several years after the eruption. The 1815 eruption of Tambora was one of the largest eruption in historic times. About 150 cubic kilometers of ash were erupted (about 150 times more than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens). Ash fell as far as 800 miles (1,300 km) from the volcano. In central Java and Kalimantan, 550 miles (900 km) from the eruption, one centimeter of ash fell. The eruption column reached a height of about 28 miles (44 km). The collapse of the eruption column produced numerous pyroclastic flows. As these hot pyroclastic flows reached the ocean where they caused additional explosions. During these explosions, most of the fine-fraction of the ash was removed. The eruption formed a caldera. An estimated 92,000 people were killed by the eruption. About 10,000 direct deaths were caused by bomb impacts, tephra fall, and pyroclastic flows. An estimated 82,000 were killed indirectly by the eruption by starvation, disease, and hunger.


What was the title of Gary Barlow's autobiography, released in 2006?

Gary Barlow, horoscope for birth date 20 January 1971, born in Frodsham, with Astrodatabank biography - Astro-Databank photo: Matt Deegan, license cc-by-2.0 Biography English singer, songwriter and record producer. He is frontman and lead vocalist of British pop-group Take That and served as head judge on series 8, 9 and 10 of The X Factor UK. He is a six-time winner of the prestigious Ivor Novello prize. Barlow was a member of the group "Take That" which was successful in its own right. The group split up in 1996 and shortly afterward, Barlow released his first solo endeavor, "Forever Love" which became a hit. He married Dawn Andrews on January 12, 2000 and the couple has three children. The eldest, named Daniel, was born on August 16, 2000. Emily arrived on May 31, 2002 and Daisy followed on January 14, 2009. In 2005 a documentary was released about the group "Take That" and Barlow published his memoir "My Take" in 2006.


In probability theory and statistics, what is a measure of the variability or dispersion of a population, a data set, or a probability distribution?

Measures of Statistical Dispersion | Wyzant Resources Resources / Lessons / Math / Statistics and Probability / Averages / Dispersion - Deviation an... Dispersion - Deviation and Variance Dispersion measures how the various elements behave with regards to some sort of central tendency, usually the mean. Measures of dispersion include range , interquartile range , variance, standard deviation and absolute deviation. We've already looked at the first two in the Averages section, so let's move on to the other measures. Absolute Deviation Absolute deviation for a given data set is defined as the average of the absolute difference between the elements of the set and the mean (average deviation) or the median element (median absolute deviation). The average deviation is calculated as follows: which means that the average deviation is the average of the differences between each element of the data set and the mean. The median absolute deviation is calculated as follows: Example 1 The heights of a group of 10 students randomly selected from a given school are as follows (in ft): 5.5, 3.5, 4.6, 6.1, 5.7, 5.11, 4.9, 5.0, 5.0, 5.5 a) Find the absolute deviation from the mean. b) Find the absolute deviation from the median. Solution a) To find the absolute deviation from the mean, we need to first find the mean of the heights. We know that the mean x̄ is given by: Using the above, we calculate the mean as: The mean height is 5.091 ft. The deviation from the mean for each of the elements in the data set is obtained by subtracting the mean from that element, as follows: For 5.5: We find all the deviations and then take their average (remember that we only consider their absolute values): b) To find the absolute deviation from the median, we need to first find the median height for the data set. We know that to find the median value, we arrange the elements in the data set in ascending or descending order and the find that element that lies in the middle. Arranged in ascending order from the smallest to the largest: Finding the median: Since we had an even number of elements in the data set, it comes as no surprise that we're unable to obtain a median by canceling out corresponding elements. We're left with two elements and so we find their mean which then becomes our median. Having obtained our median as 5.25, we can proceed to find the average deviation from the median using the same steps as in the previous question. Variance and Standard Deviation Variance, as the name suggests, is a measure of how different the elements in a given population are. Variance is used to indicate how spread out these elements are from the mean of the population. There are two kinds of variance: population variance and sample variance. Population variance is the variance of the entire population and is denoted by σ2 while sample variance is the variance of a sample space of the population; and is denoted by S2 Standard deviation is the square root of variance. Standard deviation is a measure of how precise the mean of a population or sample is. It is used to indicate trends in the elements in a given data set with respect to the mean, i.e, the spread of these elements from the mean. Just as we have a population and sample variance, we also have a population and sample standard deviation. Population standard deviation is denoted by σ while the sample standard deviation is denoted by S Although absolute deviation is also a measure of dispersion, variance and standard deviation are better measures because of the way they're calculated. Calculating variance involves squaring the differences (deviations) between the element and the mean and this makes the differences larger and thus more manageable. Making the differences larger adds a weighting factor to them making trends easier to spot. The population variance can be calculated from the following: where μ is the population mean. The sample variance is given by where x̄ is the sample mean. Standard deviation is simply the square root of variance, so we can calculate it by taking the square root of the abov


"With what sport do you associate sponsor's trade names ""Ping"" and ""Titleist""?"

James Patrick Harrington, The Scotty Cameron of Wedges? | Average Guy Golf Best Golf Christmas Presents - Stocking Stuffer Edition Written By: Chris Conley Here at AGG, we are in hopes of educating our readers of what other Golf Lover's in their life might want as a Christmas present this holiday season.  In this week's edition we look at stocking stuffers, these are smaller... Check Out the Full Review Here Best Golf Christmas Presents - Under $30 Written By: Chris Conley It seems every year the Christmas decorations are out at stores earlier and earlier, so we at AGG decided to start our best gifts segment a little earlier than normal.  Our goal is to find the 5-10 best gifts for a certain... Check Out the Full Review Here Martin - Cotton Iisle Golf Polo Written By:  Chris Conley Yes, you read the title of this review right, a Cotton polo shirt; but before you hit the back button or close your browser this isn't your dads Cotton polo.  When I first started playing golf, if it was a 90 degree day you... Check Out the Full Review Here Rukket - RukkNet Golf Net Written By:  Chris Conley   How often do you get to the driving range?  With a 21 month old, beautiful little girl at home, a full time job and taking care of the house, finding time to go to the range and practice is difficult to say the... Check Out the Full Review Here Chris Conley My interest in golf started when I was 15, and Tiger made his giant splash onto TV’s everywhere. I had always thought of golf as an old man’s game, boring and slow, but watching Tiger made it seem fun and exciting. I bought my first set of club for $75 at the local Kmart and started riding my bike with some friends to the local nine hole municipal course. After a few trips I was hooked, I grew up playing baseball and basketball and those sports came natural, I never really had to practice but could always compete and have no issues. Golf was different; one little change here or there changed the entire way I played that day. One Of Our Sponsors I recently had the opport... One Of Our Sponsors James Patrick Harrington, The Scotty Cameron of Wedges? 1 August 5, 2013 Posted in   News & Notes Written By: Chris Conley While researching some up and coming brands on the market to review and educate our readers, I stumbled upon James Patrick Golf , who puts an artistic touch on top quality wedges to give them a unique feel and look.  While on the site I saw that he posted the below: “I’m joining Titleist Acushnet to further advance my passion and creativity in the world of wedges. Titleist is providing the resources needed to continue to explore the unending pursuit of creating the world’s finest wedges. This is the next step in the journey of my life’s work. This opportunity would not have been possible without the support of you… Team JP. Thank you for helping to build the foundation of the JP brand. I look forward to what the future brings and picking up where we left off… Stay tuned.” So what does this mean?  We all know that Bob Vokey is the know all be all of wedges at Titleist, so why bring on James Patrick now?   The Vokey SM5 series is due out soon, so we know that Titleist is staying strong with it’s Vokey line; could James Patrick be an insurance hire?  Bob Vokey has been in the business for years and one day he may want to sit down relax and enjoy his products on the course rather than in the shop, if so Titleist put in place a great heir to the thrown.   To use a football analogy much like the 49′ers having both Joe Montana and Steve Young on their team, did Titleist just “trade” for their Steve Young, do they now have a future Hall of Famer on the bench in waiting? Scotty Cameron revolutionized the putter world, amazing colors and graphics on the putter head covers that have become collectibles.  He turned something like a putter into must have models, making bidding wars go crazy on sites like Ebay.  Is Titleist going to release a second line of wedges, one with style and flare to try and start the same buzz the Scotty Cameron line has produced? Either way I am excited t


What style of architecture is distinguished by extravagant ornamentation, and applies particularly to the decadent style that flourished in Italy in the 16th to 18th centuries?

Realism | Article about realism by The Free Dictionary Realism | Article about realism by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/realism Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Legal , Financial , Wikipedia . realism, in art, the movement of the mid-19th cent. formed in reaction against the severely academic production of the French school. Realist painters sought to portray what they saw without idealizing it, choosing their subjects from the commonplaces of everyday life. Major realists included Gustave Courbet Courbet, Gustave , 1819–77, French painter, b. Ornans. He moved to Paris in 1839 and studied there, learning chiefly by copying masterpieces in the Louvre. An avowed realist, Courbet was always at odds with vested authority, aesthetic or political. ..... Click the link for more information. , J. F. Millet Millet, Jean François, 1814–75, French painter. He was born into a poor farming family. In 1837 an award enabled him to go to Paris, where he studied with Delaroche. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Honoré Daumier Daumier, Honoré , 1808–79, French caricaturist, painter, and sculptor. Daumier was the greatest social satirist of his day. Son of a Marseilles glazier, he accompanied his family to Paris in 1816. There he studied under Lenoir and learned lithography. ..... Click the link for more information. . In a broader sense the term is applied to an unembellished rendering of natural forms. In recent years realism has come to mean the presentation of forms and materials that are simply themselves, not primarily representations of things that already exist. realism, in literature, an approach that attempts to describe life without idealization or romantic subjectivity. Although realism is not limited to any one century or group of writers, it is most often associated with the literary movement in 19th-century France, specifically with the French novelists Flaubert Flaubert, Gustave , 1821–80, French novelist, regarded as one of the supreme masters of the realistic novel. He was a scrupulous, slow writer, intent on the exact word (le mot juste) and complete objectivity. ..... Click the link for more information.  and Balzac Balzac, Honoré de , 1799–1850, French novelist, b. Tours. Balzac ranks among the great masters of the novel. Of a bourgeois family, he himself later added the "de" to his name. ..... Click the link for more information. . George Eliot Eliot, Charles William, 1834–1926, American educator and president of Harvard, b. Boston, grad. Harvard, 1853. In 1854 he was appointed tutor in mathematics at Harvard and in 1858 became assistant professor of mathematics and chemistry. ..... Click the link for more information.  introduced realism into England, and William Dean Howells Howells, William Dean, 1837–1920, American novelist, critic, and editor, b. Martins Ferry, Ohio. Both in his own novels and in his critical writing, Howells was a champion of realism in American literature. ..... Click the link for more information.  introduced it into the United States. Realism has been chiefly concerned with the commonplaces of everyday life among the middle and lower classes, where character is a product of social factors and environment is the integral element in the dramatic complications (see naturalism naturalism, in literature, an approach that proceeds from an analysis of reality in terms of natural forces, e.g., heredity, environment, physical drives. The chief literary theorist on naturalism was Émile Zola, who said in his essay Le Roman expérimental ..... Click the link for more information. ). In the drama, realism is most closely associated with Ibsen Ibsen, Henrik , 1828–1906, Norwegian dramatist and poet. His early years were lonely and miserable. Distressed by the consequences of his family's financial ruin and on his own at sixteen, he first was apprenticed to an apothecary. ..... Click the link for more information. 's social plays. Later writers felt that realism laid too much emphasis on external reality. Many, notably Henry James James, Henry,


"Which US president was known as ""Tricky Dicky""?"

Richard M. Nixon | whitehouse.gov Air Force One Richard M. Nixon Richard Nixon was elected the 37th President of the United States (1969-1974) after previously serving as a U.S. Representative and a U.S. Senator from California. After successfully ending American fighting in Vietnam and improving international relations with the U.S.S.R. and China, he became the only President to ever resign the office, as a result of the Watergate scandal. Reconciliation was the first goal set by President Richard M. Nixon. The Nation was painfully divided, with turbulence in the cities and war overseas. During his Presidency, Nixon succeeded in ending American fighting in Viet Nam and improving relations with the U.S.S.R. and China. But the Watergate scandal brought fresh divisions to the country and ultimately led to his resignation. His election in 1968 had climaxed a career unusual on two counts: his early success and his comeback after being defeated for President in 1960 and for Governor of California in 1962. Born in California in 1913, Nixon had a brilliant record at Whittier College and Duke University Law School before beginning the practice of law. In 1940, he married Patricia Ryan; they had two daughters, Patricia (Tricia) and Julie. During World War II, Nixon served as a Navy lieutenant commander in the Pacific. On leaving the service, he was elected to Congress from his California district. In 1950, he won a Senate seat. Two years later, General Eisenhower selected Nixon, age 39, to be his running mate. As Vice President, Nixon took on major duties in the Eisenhower Administration. Nominated for President by acclamation in 1960, he lost by a narrow margin to John F. Kennedy. In 1968, he again won his party's nomination, and went on to defeat Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and third-party candidate George C. Wallace. His accomplishments while in office included revenue sharing, the end of the draft, new anticrime laws, and a broad environmental program. As he had promised, he appointed Justices of conservative philosophy to the Supreme Court. One of the most dramatic events of his first term occurred in 1969, when American astronauts made the first moon landing. Some of his most acclaimed achievements came in his quest for world stability. During visits in 1972 to Beijing and Moscow, he reduced tensions with China and the U.S.S.R. His summit meetings with Russian leader Leonid I. Brezhnev produced a treaty to limit strategic nuclear weapons. In January 1973, he announced an accord with North Viet Nam to end American involvement in Indochina. In 1974, his Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, negotiated disengagement agreements between Israel and its opponents, Egypt and Syria. In his 1972 bid for office, Nixon defeated Democratic candidate George McGovern by one of the widest margins on record. Within a few months, his administration was embattled over the so-called "Watergate" scandal, stemming from a break-in at the offices of the Democratic National Committee during the 1972 campaign. The break-in was traced to officials of the Committee to Re-elect the President. A number of administration officials resigned; some were later convicted of offenses connected with efforts to cover up the affair. Nixon denied any personal involvement, but the courts forced him to yield tape recordings which indicated that he had, in fact, tried to divert the investigation. As a result of unrelated scandals in Maryland, Vice President Spiro T. Agnew resigned in 1973. Nixon nominated, and Congress approved, House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford as Vice President. Faced with what seemed almost certain impeachment, Nixon announced on August 8, 1974, that he would resign the next day to begin "that process of healing which is so desperately needed in America." In his last years, Nixon gained praise as an elder statesman. By the time of his death on April 22, 1994, he had written numerous books on his experiences in public life and on foreign policy. The Presidential biographies on WhiteHouse.gov are from “The Presidents of the United States of


Which country was under the influence of the USSR immediately following World War II until 1990, when Wojciech Jaruzelski resigned as president and was succeeded by Lech Wasa?

Anna M LECTURE NOTES 20. Post-Communist Eastern Europe. ( Revision in process, October 2008). 20A. Central and East Central Europe. Preface.   The collapse of Communism in Central [Germany], East Central and South Eastern Europe [Balkans] in the    second half of 1989 can be compared to the collapse of the three Empires:    the Russian Empire in spring 1917, then the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires    in November 1918. In both 1918 and 1989, the Baltic Peoples, the Poles, Czechs, Slovaks,    Croats and Slovenes and some Romanians, were freed from foreign rule, while Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria overthrew their communist leaders. However,    after 1989, they had to change not only their political system    from one party rule to political pluralism, that is, democracy, but also change    their economic system from a command economy to a free market economy, that    is, capitalism. The transition to the new politics and economics has proved to be a very difficult process, especially    since the economies of most of East European countries were in poor shape.    Furthermore, the USSR, with which they did most of their trade, collapsed at the end of December 1991. Also, they had little or no investment capital of their own, and did not receive    an equivalent of the Marshall Plan (began 1947), which put Western Europe back on its    feet after World War II. I. Overview of Political, Economic Change and Problems. Former dissidents provided political leadership before and during the revolutions, but   found it difficult to organize viable and coherent political parties within   a multi-party system. Most of the idealistic dissidents of the 1980s were replaced   by professional politicians, many of whom were formerly members of each country's communist party. Most of them, however, were not ideological communists and they were the only people with political experience . The change to democracy was much easier than the change to a   free market economy because these countries had been bankrupted by an economic   system that ignored cost-effectiveness. Most of them also had large foreign   debts to the West, plus they lost the Russian markets where they   had exported 50-60% of their goods. This market loss was due to the collapse   of the Soviet economy which accompanied the dissolution of the USSR in late December   1991. The German Democratic Republic shared all key characteristics with Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia,  but it was a special case because it was part of the German nation. A democratized   East German state existed for one year after the fall of the Berlin Wall. It   joined West Germany in a unified German state in October 1990. The transition from communism to a free market economy and from   a forced dependence on the USSR to independence, is considered by some specialists   as largely complete by 1991, but by others as an ongoing process. The author   of this text favors the latter view, considering the fact that privatization   is still incomplete in 2008, even though the countries in this region have made   great economic progress since 1989. Progress, however, was accompanied by many difficulties which were   most obvious in the economic sector, especially in Poland, where the first post-Communist   government chose a more radical "shock therapy" in economic reform than was the case elsewhere. Czechoslovakia, or rather the Czech Republic (the country split into the Czech and Slovak republics in Jan. 1993), pursued a more gradual transformation    as did Hungary, which was ahead of both countries in having a well-organized    banking system. In all three countries, as well as Slovakia, the    pain and suffering due to unemployment and inadequate welfare safety nets helped    ex-communist -- now mostly Socialist parties-- to increase their membership and voter    support, although this petered out after a a couple of years. The only communist party to keep its old name and ideology survives today in th


Who is associated with the Lotus car manufacturing company?

Lotus: A Historical Timeline - Feature - Car and Driver Lotus: A Historical Timeline The 60 years leading up to the all-new Evora have included precisely zero plain cars. May 2010 TWEET Lotus has never been a big car company, as measured by the size of its cars or the scope of its sales. This is a function of focus: Like Enzo Ferrari, Lotus founder Colin Chapman started building road cars primarily as a means of feeding a racing habit, and for many years, Lotus was one of Ferrari’s chief rivals on the racetrack. Although gone from racing’s top echelon for many years—2010 marks Lotus’s reentry after a 16-year absence from Formula 1—the company’s (occasionally uncertain) history on the street continues uninterrupted from the late ‘40s through today. What follows is a history of the world’s lightest-car company, from the very first homebuilt ambler to today’s newest sports car, the Evora . 1948 Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman graduates from engineering school. He modifies a 1928 Austin Seven for local trials races. (Our resident Brit describes trials as “a peculiar form of racing that times cars through treacherous off-road sections, often uphill, often muddy, and always abusive toward the car.”) This diminutive 15-hp car scores a number of wins and provides enough prize money to develop Chapman’s next car. 1949 Chapman modifies another Austin Seven for trials racing and dubs it the Lotus Mark II, retroactively christening his previous car the Mark I. 1952 Chapman founds the Lotus Engineering Company to build race cars, the first of which is the Mark IV trials car. 1957 Essentially a formula car for the road, the lightweight, quick, and responsive Mark VII—known today simply as the 7—starts production in 1957 and continues on today as the Caterham 7 . C/D’s first test of the 7 comes in June 1960. We say of the 1300-pound 7 America: “There’s nothing like it for blowing away the cobwebs of a city office.” Although the handling is praised, acceleration from the 48-hp, 948-cc four-cylinder with a scant 52 lb-ft of torque leaves plenty to be desired—60 mph comes up in just over 12 seconds with the quarter-mile arriving in 19. (As a modern comparison, that’s barely quicker than the Smart ForTwo, a car that is not perfect for blowing away anything but may be perfect for blowing up.) Top speed is a low yet still plenty thrilling 81 mph. The price for all this excitement is $2795, or about $20,000 in today’s dollars. Lotus Super 7 S4 To make enough money to keep racing, Chapman develops his first dedicated production car, the Elite, which features a lightweight fiberglass body and structure. Powered by a single-overhead-cam Coventry Climax 1.2-liter engine making 102 hp, the fiberglass Elite weighs in at 1705 pounds. Our testing reveals a 0-to-60 time of 8.2 seconds and a top speed of 123 mph. A base price of $5700 in our 1960 test works out to about $40,000 today. Our June 1960 road test: “On the road, one of the most remarkable things about the car is the lightness of the rack-and-pinion steering, and, in fact, all the other controls. It’s rarely necessary to move the steering-wheel rim more than a few inches and even in the wet the slightest movement of the wheel serves to correct an incipient slide. The engine never seems to be overworked, and thanks to its aerodynamic shape, the Elite gives far less impression of speed than most sports cars—gliding along at 120 mph while others feel to be laboring at 80 mph.” Lotus Elite 1962 The expense of producing the fiberglass Elite leads Lotus to develop a steel frame for the Elan. The two-seat roadster mounts a fiberglass body onto a steel backbone—a construction style almost every Lotus will utilize for the next 30 or so years—and weighs 1705 pounds. Later, a coupe version is offered. Under the hood is a Ford-based four-cylinder engine displacing 1499 cc and fitted with an aluminum Lotus double-overhead-cam eight-valve head. After selling only 22 examples, Lotus one-ups itself, enlarging the four to 1558 cc and recalling the cars to install the more-powerful engines. (Walter Cronkite and th


The highest temperature at which a liquid can have a stable existence is known as what?

States of matter: introduction 1   Solids, liquids and gases What distinguishes solids, liquids, and gases– the three major states of matter — from each other? Let us begin at the microscopic level, by reviewing what we know about gases, the simplest state in which matter can exist. At ordinary pressures, the molecules of a gas are so far apart that intermolecular forces have an insignificant effect on the random thermal motions of the individual particles. As the temperature decreases and the pressure increases, intermolecular attractions become more important, and there will be an increasing tendency for molecules to form temporary clusters. These are so short-lived, however, that even under extreme conditions, gases cannot be said to possess “structure” in the usual sense. The contrast at the microscopic level between solids, liquids and gases is most clearly seen in the simplified schematic views above. The molecular units of crystalline solids tend to be highly ordered, with each unit occupying a fixed position with respect to the others. In liquids, the molecules are able to slip around each other, introducing an element of disorder and creating some void spaces that decrease the density. Gases present a picture of almost total disorder, with practically no restrictions on where any one molecule can be. Solids, liquids and gases: how to tell them apart Having lived our lives in a world composed of solids, liquids, and gases, few of us ever have any difficulty deciding into which of these categories a given sample of matter falls. Our decision is most commonly based on purely visual cues: a gas is transparent and has no definite boundaries other than those that might be imposed by the walls of a confining vessel. Liquids and solids possess a clearly delineated phase boundary that gives solids their definite shapes and whose light-reflecting properties enable us to distinguish one phase from another. Solids can have any conceivable shape, and their surfaces are usually too irregular to show specular (mirror-like) reflection of light. Liquids, on the other hand, are mobile; except when in the form of tiny droplets, liquids have no inherent shape of their own, but assume the shape of their container and show an approximately flat upper surface. Our experience also tells us that these categories are quite distinct; a phase , which you will recall is a region of matter having uniform intensive properties, is either a gas, a liquid, or a solid. Thus the three states of matter are not simply three points on a continuum; when an ordinary solid melts, it usually does so at a definite temperature, without apparently passing through any states that are intermediate between a solid and a liquid.     Although these common-sense perceptions are usually correct, they are not infallible, and in fact there are gases that are not transparent, there are solids such as glasses and many plastics that do not have sharp melting points, but instead undergo a gradual transition from solid to liquid known as softening, and when subject to enough pressure, solids can exhibit something of the flow properties of liquids (glacial ice, for example). Some solids can flow — slowly! Kluane Glacier in Canada's Yukon Territory. Typical glacial flow rates are 10-200 m/yr. More on glacial flow . [ image ]   Macroscopic physical properties A more scientific approach would be to compare the macroscopic physical properties of the three states of matter, but even here we run into difficulty. It is true, for example, that the density of a gas is usually about a thousandth of that of the liquid or solid at the same temperature and pressure; thus one gram of water vapor at 100°C and 1 atm pressure occupies a volume of 1671 mL; when it condenses to liquid water at the same temperature, it occupies only 1.043 mL.   solid 13.9 cm3/mol The table at the left compares the molar volumes of neon in its three states. For the gaseous state, P = 1 atm and T = 0°C. The excluded volume is the volume actually taken up by the neon atoms according to the van der Waals model


In which TV series did the characters Crockett and Tubbs appear?

Miami Vice (TV Series 1984–1990) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Resplendent with authentic 1980's music, fashion and vibe, "Miami Vice" follows two undercover detectives and their extended team through the mean streets of Miami. Creators: Crockett finds out first hand about Charlie Basset as a violent drug runner with an enticing wife that Sonny just can't get out of his mind. 9.3 Crockett and Tubbs stake out a drug dealer, an investigation that is being helped along by an ex-cop that seems to know a bit too much about the case. 9.1 The team moves to protect Crockett and his family from an assassin, hired by Calderone to re-empty the void he left behind. 8.9 What Makes the Golden Globe Awards So Entertaining? IMDb Special Correspondent Dave Karger breaks down why the Golden Globes are so much more entertaining than other award shows. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. Guide to the Globes Related News a list of 22 titles created 18 Dec 2010 a list of 35 titles created 28 Feb 2012 a list of 24 titles created 31 May 2013 a list of 48 titles created 10 Mar 2014 a list of 42 titles created 23 Sep 2014 Search for " Miami Vice " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Title: Miami Vice (1984–1990) 7.5/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     2     Golden Globes. Another    10 wins & 29 nominations. See more awards  » Videos The adventures of a Hawaii based private investigator. Stars: Tom Selleck, John Hillerman, Roger E. Mosley The quirky cases of a former model and a smart aleck detective who manage a private detective agency. Stars: Cybill Shepherd, Bruce Willis, Allyce Beasley Four Vietnam vets, framed for a crime they didn't commit, help the innocent while on the run from the military. Stars: George Peppard, Mr. T, Dwight Schultz A lone crimefighter battles the forces of evil with the help of an indestructible and artificially intelligent supercar. Stars: David Hasselhoff, Edward Mulhare, Richard Basehart As part of a deal with an intelligence agency to look for his missing brother, a renegade pilot goes on missions with an advanced battle helicopter. Stars: Jan-Michael Vincent, Alex Cord, Ernest Borgnine The adventures of the fast-drivin', rubber-burnin' Duke boys of Hazzard County. Stars: Tom Wopat, John Schneider, Catherine Bach The adventures of a secret agent armed with almost infinite scientific resourcefulness. Stars: Richard Dean Anderson, Dana Elcar, Bruce McGill The adventures of three sexy female private eyes. Stars: Kate Jackson, Farrah Fawcett, Jaclyn Smith Based on the 1980s TV action/drama, this update focuses on vice detectives Crockett and Tubbs as their respective personal and professional lives become dangerously intertwined. Director: Michael Mann After a crippled test pilot is rebuilt with nuclear powered limbs and implants, he serves as a unique intelligence agent. Stars: Lee Majors, Richard Anderson, Martin E. Brooks The adventures of two California Highway Patrol motorcycle officers. Stars: Erik Estrada, Larry Wilcox, Robert Pine A scientist who has created a super helicopter has defected to Libya and taken the machine with him. A secretive government agency hires an ex-Vietnam War pilot to go to Libya, steal the chopper and bring it back. Director: Donald P. Bellisario Edit Storyline Stubble-faced detective Crockett lived in a sailboat guarded by his alligator Elvis. His partner Tubbs was a black New York cop looking for his brother's killer. Together they took on the Florida drug world. The show influenced men's fashions toward Italo-casual and interior decor toward the Miami look. Very trendy music and unusual guest performers. Written by Ed Stephan <stephan@cc.wwu.edu> 16 September 1984 (USA) See more


Radovan Karadzic is associated with genocide between 1992 and 1995 in which country?

Bosnian Genocide - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Background In the aftermath of the Second World War, the Balkan states of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia and Macedonia became part of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia. After the death of longtime Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito in 1980, growing nationalism among the different Yugoslav republics threatened to split their union apart. This process intensified after the mid-1980s with the rise of the Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, who helped foment discontent between Serbians in Bosnia and Croatia and their Croatian, Bosniak and Albanian neighbors. In 1991, Slovenia, Croatia and Macedonia declared their independence; during the war in Croatia that followed, the Serb-dominated Yugoslav army supported Serbian separatists there in their brutal clashes with Croatian forces. Did You Know? In 2001, Serbian General Radislav Krstic, who played a major role in the Srebrenica massacre was convicted of genocide and sentenced to 46 years in prison. In Bosnia, Muslims represented the largest single population group by 1971. More Serbs and Croats emigrated over the next two decades, and in a 1991 census Bosnia’s population of some 4 million was 44 percent Bosniak, 31 percent Serb, and 17 percent Croatian. Elections held in late 1990 resulted in a coalition government split between parties representing the three ethnicities (in rough proportion to their populations) and led by the Bosniak Alija Izetbegovic. As tensions built inside and outside the country, the Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and his Serbian Democratic Party withdrew from government and set up their own “Serbian National Assembly.” On March 3, 1992, after a referendum vote (which Karadzic’s party blocked in many Serb-populated areas), President Izetbegovic proclaimed Bosnia’s independence. Struggle for Control in Bosnia Far from seeking independence for Bosnia, Bosnian Serbs wanted to be part of a dominant Serbian state in the Balkans–the “Greater Serbia” that Serbian separatists had long envisioned. In early May 1992, two days after the United States and the European Community (precursor to the European Union) recognized Bosnia’s independence, Bosnian Serb forces with the backing of Milosevic and the Serb-dominated Yugoslav army launched their offensive with a bombardment of Bosnia’s capital, Sarajevo. They attacked Bosniak-dominated town in eastern Bosnia, including Zvornik, Foca, and Visegrad, forcibly expelling Bosniak civilians from the region in a brutal process that later was identified as “ethnic cleansing.” (Ethnic cleansing differs from genocide in that its primary goal is the expulsion of a group of people from a geographical area and not the actual physical destruction of that group, even though the same methods–including murder, rape, torture and forcible displacement–may be used.) Though Bosnian government forces tried to defend the territory, sometimes with the help of the Croatian army, Bosnian Serb forces were in control of nearly three-quarters of the country by the end of 1993, and Karadzic’s party had set up their own Republika Srpska in the east. Most of the Bosnian Croats had left the country, while a significant Bosniak population remained only in smaller towns. Several peace proposals between a Croatian-Bosniak federation and Bosnian Serbs failed when the Serbs refused to give up any territory. The United Nations (U.N.) refused to intervene in the conflict in Bosnia, but a campaign spearheaded by its High Commissioner for Refugees provided humanitarian aid to its many displaced, malnourished and injured victims. Attack on Srebrenica: July 1995 By the summer of 1995, three towns in eastern Bosnia–Srebrenica, Zepa and Gorazde–remained under control of the Bosnian government. The U.N. had declared these enclaves “safe havens” in 1993, to be disarmed and protected by international peacekeeping forces. On July 11, however, Bosnian Serb forces advanced on Srebrenica, overwhelming a battalion of Dutch peacekeeping forces stationed there. Serbian forces su


What instrument for measuring radiant heat was devised by Langley, an American physicist, in 1881?

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Langley, Samuel Pierpont - Wikisource, the free online library 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Langley, Samuel Pierpont From Wikisource 2046633 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica , Volume 16 — Langley, Samuel Pierpont LANGLEY, SAMUEL PIERPONT (1834–1906), American physicist and astronomer, was born at Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, on the 22nd of August 1834. After acting for a short time as assistant in Harvard College Observatory, he was appointed assistant professor of mathematics in the U.S. Naval Academy in 1866, and in the following year became director of the Allegheny Observatory at Pittsburg, a position which he held until his selection in 1887 as secretary of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. His name is especially associated with two main branches of investigation—aeronautics, and the exploration of the infra-red portions of the solar spectrum. The study of the latter he took up as a result of the publication in 1871 of an energy-curve of the spectrum by S. I. Lamansky. The imperfections of the thermopile, with which he began his work, led him, about 1880, to the invention of the bolometer, an instrument of extraordinary delicacy, which in its most refined form is believed to be capable of detecting a change of temperature amounting to less than one-hundred-millionth of a degree Centigrade. Depending on the fact that the electrical conductivity of a metallic conductor is decreased by heat, it consists of two strips of platinum, arranged to form the two arms of a Wheatstone bridge; one strip being exposed to a source of radiation from which the other is shielded, the heat causes a change in the resistance of one arm, the balance of the bridge is destroyed, and a deflection is marked on the galvanometer. The platinum strips are exceedingly minute, being in some cases only 1 ⁄ 250 in. in width, and less than one-tenth of that amount in thickness. By the aid of this instrument, Langley, working on Mount Whitney, 12,000 ft. above sea-level, discovered in 1881 an entirely unsuspected extension of the invisible infra-red rays, which he called the “new spectrum.” The importance of his achievement may be judged from the fact that, while the visible spectrum includes rays having wave-lengths of from about 0.4 μ to 0.76 μ, and no invisible heat-rays were known before 1881 having a wave-length greater than 1.8 μ, he detected rays having a wave-length of 5.3 μ. In addition, taking advantage of the accuracy with which the bolometer can determine the position of a source of heat by which it is affected, he mapped out in this infra-red spectrum over 700 dark lines or bands resembling the Fraunhofer lines of the visible spectrum, with a probable accuracy equal to that of refined astronomical observations. In aeronautics he succeeded in demonstrating the practicability of mechanical flight. He first undertook a preliminary inquiry into the principles upon which flight depends, and established at Allegheny a huge “whirling table,” the revolving arm of which could be driven by a steam-engine at any circumferential speed up to 70 m. an hour. The construction of a flying machine was next attempted. The first difficulty was to make it sufficiently light in relation to the power its machinery could develop; and several machines were built in which trials were made of steam, and of compressed air and carbonic acid gas as motive agents. About 1893 a satisfactory machine was ready, and a new series of troubles had to be faced, for it had to be launched at a certain initial speed, and in the face of any wind that might be blowing. To enable these conditions to be fulfilled, as well as to ensure that the machine, when it fell, should fall on water, the experiments were carried out on the Potomac river, some 30 m. below Washington. It was not till the autumn of 1894 that an efficient launching apparatus was devised, and then the wings were found not to be strong enough to bear the pressures to which they were subjected. Various other delays and mishaps followed, but ultimately, on the 6th of May 1896, a succes


Coney Island, the pleasure resort off Long Island, is part of which New York borough?

Coney Island - Coney Island: America's playground through the years - Pictures - CBS News Next Coney Island Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit historic Coney Island, long a summer destination for millions of working class New Yorkers for generations. New York City's world-famous recreational area has been called "America's Playground" and "Sodom by the Sea." In its Golden hey day it was the symbol of America at play and continues to a be a draw each summer. It's truly didn't start to flourish till sea bathing became popular in the 1800s. Soon after the Civil War, hotels and restaurants sprung up. By the 1860s it was already billed as the best beach on the East coast and was attracting 25,000 to 30,000 visitors each summer weekend. The first roller coaster ever built in the U.S. was the LaMarcus Thompson's Switchback Gravity Railway in the resort area in 1884. When workers started to get half days off on Saturdays in the 1880s the increased leisure time for Americans was a boon for the area. This aerial view shows sunbathers and swimmers at Coney Island in Brooklyn on Independence Day, July 4, 1961. In the background, behind the Boardwalk, is the Steeplechase parachute ride at the amusement park. Credit: AP Coney Island As places like Coney Island became more popular for men and women to swim together, there was more pressure on men to put on a bathing suit. And what they ended up putting on was a one-piece that was like trunks and an undershirt together all in one piece. Women at this time still tended to be dressed up in a body-covering clothes. A bathing suit-clad woman and a swimming instructor are pictured on a beach in New York City in 1898. Credit: Museum of the City of New York/Byron Collection/Getty Images Coney Island A panoramic photo of Coney Island, 1910. Credit: Library of Congress Coney Island Two passengers on the Parachute Jump ride see throngs of people on the boardwalk and beach at the Coney Island Amusement Park in Brooklyn, July 1, 1957. The Atlantic Ocean is also visible as they ride to the top of the tower. The development of amusements parks led to a booming midway in Coney Island. Credit: AP Coney Island Luna Park, the second of the three major amusement parks, opened on May 16, 1903. It was lit by nearly 250,000 lights and included attractions such as a ride to the moon and "Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea." Coney Island, in Luna Park,  circa 1910-1915 Credit: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Coney Island The third major amusement park, Dreamland, opened in 1904 signaling Coney Island's heyday. It had a strong voyeuristic theme with a wild animal arena, midget city and one show with infant incubators (some preemies' lives were actually saved). The park went bankrupt, was sold in 1910, then destroyed in a fire in 1911. Coney Island, a free show, circa 1910-1915 Credit: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Coney Island A view from the Steeplechase Pier shows part of the crowded beach at Coney Island August 28, 1948. In the background beyond the boardwalk is the ferris wheel, center, and the Cyclone roller coaster at right. Credit: AP Coney Island The Blowhole Theater, of which the main aim was to blow women's skirts, was like many other attractions meant to let visitors make fun of themselves and each other. His Scottish costume gives Dr. Loe Wollman the full effect of the floor blower as Freddie, tramp clown, turns it on in the fun house at Steeplechase Park in Coney Island on June 22, 1960. Credit: AP Coney Island Winter sunbathing draws a crowd to the boardwalk in Coney Island on February 27, 1952. The chairs are rented by the hour. Some of the well-covered sunbathers, like the man in the foreground, also rent reflectors to increase the warmth of the winter sun rays. Credit: AP Coney Island Mona Pivar's figure takes on a new twist only slightly related to the shape in front of the the "funny" mirror at Coney Island on July 1, 1958. The resort area experienced a decline in the 50s and 60s with other entertainment competing for people