The currency of which European country is the kuna?

HRK | Croatian Kuna | OANDA Croatian Kuna Overview The Croatian Kuna is the official currency of Croatia, a country in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Croatia has diverse climates, mostly continental and Mediterranean. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast is long and traced by more than a thousand islands. The country’s capital and largest city is Zagreb. Economy Monetary Fund data shows that Croatian nominal GDP stood at $ 69.357 billion or $ 15,633 per capita. In 2008, purchasing power parity GDP was $ 82.407 billion or $ 18,575 per capita. According to Eurostat data, Croatian PPS GDP per capita stood at 63.2% of the EU average in 2008. Real GDP growth in 2007 was 6.0 percent. The average gross wage of a worker in Croatia during the first nine months of 2008 was 7,161 Croatian Kuna (U.S. $ 1,530) per month. In 2007, the unemployment rate defined by the International Labour Organization stood at 9.1%, after falling steadily from 14.7% in 2002. The unemployment rate then went up, reaching 13.7% in December 2008. Privatization and the drive toward a market economy had just begun under the new post-Communist government when war broke out in 1991. As a result of war, economic infrastructure suffered massive damage, in particular in the revenue-producing tourism industry. From 1989 to 1993, GDP fell by 40.5%. The Croatian state still controls a significant portion of the economy, with government spending accounting for up to 40% of GDP. A backward judicial system is of particular concern, combined with inefficient public administration especially on issues of land ownership and corruption. Another problem is a huge and growing national debt. History The Croatian Kuna reappeared in 1939 when the Banovina of Croatia, established in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, was due to issue its own money. In 1941, when the Ustase formed the Independent State of Croatia, the Independent State of Croatia Kuna currency was created. This currency remained in circulation until 1945, when, along with other national institutions, it disappeared at the creation of FPR Yugoslavia. In 1990, Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia. The Croatian Dinar replaced the Yugoslav Dinar at par, and declined in value by a factor of about 70 until replaced by the Kuna a rate of 1 Kuna = 1,000 Dinar when introduced on May 30, 1994, beginning a transition period that ended December 31, 1994. In 1994, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 lipa (the Croatian word for lime or linden tree), and 1, 2, 5 and 25 Croatian Kuna. The coins are issued in two versions: one with the name of the plant or animal in Croatian (issued in odd years) and the other with the Latin name (issued in even years). Symbols and Names Lipa = 1/100 of a Kuna Denominations Bills: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 kn Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 lipa. 1, 2, 5, 25 kn Countries Using This Currency SITE MAP © 1996 - 2017 OANDA Corporation. All rights reserved. "OANDA", "fxTrade" and OANDA's "fx" family of trademarks are owned by OANDA Corporation. All other trademarks appearing on this Website are the property of their respective owners. Leveraged trading in foreign currency contracts or other off-exchange products on margin carries a high level of risk and may not be suitable for everyone. We advise you to carefully consider whether trading is appropriate for you in light of your personal circumstances. You may lose more than you invest. Information on this website is general in nature. We recommend that you seek independent financial advice and ensure you fully understand the risks involved before trading. Trading through an online platform carries additional risks. Refer to our legal section here . Financial spread betting is only available to OANDA Europe Ltd customers who reside in the UK or Republic of Ireland. CFDs, MT4 hedging capabilities and leverage ratios exceeding 50:1 are not available to US residents. The information on this site is not directed at residents of countries where its distribution, or use by any perso


Snowdonia and the Brecon Beacons are two of the National Parks in Wales, name the third?

UK National Parks | Areas Of Natural Beauty | Visit Wales National Parks National Parks in Wales, UK Together, the three Welsh National Parks – Snowdonia, Pembrokeshire Coast and Brecon Beacons – protect an impressive 20 percent of Wales, including precious landscapes, habitats, villages and heritage sites. They’re perfect for active weekends and holidays in the glorious outdoors.


Name either of the two races at Newmarket that make up the 'autumn double'?

Big Race History: Cesarewitch Handicap : Events : Horseracing / Malcolm Pannett / 13 October 2009 / 1 Comments Detroit City, Jamie Spencer up, easing down having just won the 2006 Cesarewitch Handicap The Cesarewitch is one of top staying handicaps in the programme book as well as being the second-leg of the Autumn double. First run in 1839 it is named in honour of an eminent Russian visitor. Malcolm Pannett fills in the details. "The name of the race is derived from the Russian title Tsarevich which was given to the Tsar’s first born son and therefore heir apparent - the equivalent of the Prince of Wales in the UK" As an ultra competitive handicap it is no surprise that only two favourites have won the Cesarewtch in the past two decades. Therefore when horses with a touch of class prevail it is even more noteworthy. The most recent market leader to win was the former Triumph Hurdle-winner Detroit City in 2006 (pictured) who was preceded by the great Vintage Crop (1992) the dual Irish St Leger-winner who went on to cap his career by winning the 1995 running of the Melbourne Cup. Indeed the inaugural winner Cruisken (1839) was a good filly who went on to win the Chester Cup in 1941. In the early days Classic winners contested the race with Derby-winner Bloomsbury finishing runner-up to Clarion (1840) in the second running, while St Gatien, who had dead-heated with Harvester in the Derby, went one better in 1884. The name of the race is derived from the Russian title Tsarevich which was given to the Tsar's first born son and therefore heir apparent - the equivalent of the Prince of Wales in the UK. The particular Tsarevich in question went on to become Tsar Aleksandr II, in 1855, and is honoured in the race title to thank him for his gift to the Jockey Club of £300 during his state visit to England in 1838. Contrary to popular belief the race is run entirely within the county of Cambridgeshire with only the part of the course where the horses pull up being in Suffolk. Among the more notable renewals was a three-way dead-heat in 1857, which Prioress won after a run off, and the disqualification of Orchardist in 1962 with the race being awarded to Golden Fire. There was also a dead-heat in 1893 where Red Eyes and Cypria shared the spoils. There was no race in 1942. In 1943 there were three races (at Newmarket, Ascot and Stockton) while in 1944 there were two (at Ascot and Stockton but not at Newmarket). The 1986 and 1999 races were run on the July Course. Notable winners in the last 50 years include; Grey Of Falloden (1964) who had won the Doncaster Cup and took the next season's Henry II Stakes; Major Rose (1968) that season's Chester Cup winner who was subsequently placed in two Champion Hurdles; Chester Vase-winner Shantallah (1975); and John Cherry (1976) who carried the record winning weight of 9st 13lb. John Cherry, who had already won the Chester Cup, went on become a dual winner of the Long Walk Hurdle. They were followed by Mountain Lodge (1982) who won the next year's Irish St Leger; Bajan Sunshine (1983) who was successful in the Aintree Hurdle two years later; Tom Sharp (1984) (see below) the Fighting Fifth Hurdle-victor in 1986; and Nomadic Way (1988) the winner of the 1992 Stayers' Hurdle who was also twice runner-up in Champion Hurdle. And in the last decade; Landing Light (2003) who won the Christmas Hurdle and Fighting Fifth Hurdle as well as the replacement race for the Champion Hurdle at Sandown when Cheltenham was abandoned due to an outbreak of Foot-and-Mouth disease; Sergeant Cecil (2005) the Prix Royal-Oak, Prix du Cadran; Ebor, Doncaster Cup, Yorkshire Cup and Northumberland Plate-winner; and Leg Spinner (2007) who had won 2005 Ascot Stakes. 25 Year Ago - Tom Sharp, who along with Have Blessed, was allowed an easy lead in the early stages made the most of the advantage to win at 40/1 under Steve Dawson. Kicked on by his apprentice-partner half-a-mile from home the result was never danger as the son of Martinmas came home with six lengths to spare over Valuable Witness in second. 10 years ago - The fo


DS Hazel Wallace works with which TV detective?

A Touch of Frost (TV series) A Touch of Frost (TV series) A Touch of Frost (TV series) Genre based on the characters created byR. D. Wingfield Starring Barbara ThompsonJon Hiseman (1992–97)Ray Russell (1999–10) No. of series 34 x 100 Mins 6x 75 Mins Production company(s) 4:3 (1992–2000)16:9 (2001–10) Original run 30 October 1992 – 5 April 2010 Status Edit Block Series title card A Touch of Frost is a television detective series produced by Yorkshire Television for ITV from 1992 until 2010, initially based on the Frost novels by R. D. Wingfield.It stars David Jason as Detective Inspector William Edward "Jack" Frost, known almost universally as Jack, an experienced and dedicated detective who frequently clashes with his superiors. In his cases, Frost is assisted by a variety of different detective sergeants, with each bringing a different slant to the particular case. Comic relief is provided by Frost's interactions with the bureaucratically-minded Superintendent Norman Mullett, played by Bruce Alexander.The series is set in the fictional South-Midlands town of Denton, and is marked by a gritty tone. The role of Frost was notable in changing the public perception of David Jason from a predominantly comic actor to a dramatic actor. Main characters Edit Block DI Jack Frost, as depicted by the comic actor David Jason, is a very empathic and sensitive detective, whose talents are offset by human failings. This is marginally different to how he is portrayed in the novels, where he often lacks empathy and has a gruff, coarse, almost offensive tone. He is frequently shown to shirk paperwork, leaving his subordinates to do the work. Frost is widowed in the first episode. He had planned to leave his wife but just as he was going to tell her she announced that she had been diagnosed with terminal cancer. After going on a drinking session, he recklessly approached an armed man, who shot him. As a result of this he was awarded the highest British civilian award for gallantry, the George Cross. He is respected and admired by his colleagues and is shown to be a good-hearted, if flawed, character. Superintendent Norman Mullet (played by Bruce Alexander), a social climber concerned with appearances and ambitious for promotion, is Frost's boss and his constant foil on the job. Mullet has a love-hate relationship with Frost whose detective skills he admires but whose people and political skills he abhors. Mullet frequently threatens to sack Frost but Frost's ability to close cases usually saves him. In addition, receiving the George Cross made Frost "the Chief Constable's blue-eyed boy", thus protecting Frost from being sacked or retired by Superintendent Mullet. Frost's nickname for Mullet is "Horn-rimmed Harry" due to the traditional design of his spectacles and Frost also has a plastic, mounted grey mullet hanging on his office wall (a grey mullet is a species of fish commonly found in British coastal waters but not usually eaten as it is regarded as being bland). While, in early seasons, the relationship between Frost and Mullet largely mimicks the hostile and antagonistic one they share in the books, they are portrayed as getting on considerably better in later seasons. This coincides with Mullet himself slowly developing over time to become more likeable than when he first appears in the pilot episode. Setting Edit Block It is believed that Denton is in Oxfordshire, with many references to Reading, Oxford, and in particular, Swindon, especially in the earlier episodes, as the M4 and A417 are often seen, and the map of Swindon was seen in the control room, although a map of Reading was used occasionally. The programme is produced by ITV in Leeds, and most of the outdoor locations are shot in West Yorkshire. Several scenes are filmed in and around the city and district of Wakefield and neighbouring small towns of Pontefract and Castleford, West Yorkshire. Main cast N/A Character Descriptions: Supporting cast Unlike most TV detectives, Frost does not have a single regular sidekick, and indeed some of his sidekicks are seen in only one or


Under the rule of the White Witch it is always winter but never Christmas - in whose novel?

Always Winter, Never Christmas Always Winter, Never Christmas: Ephesians 1:18-23 The house is old. Full of mystery. Creaky wooden staircases beckon. Paneled doors invite exploration. At the end of an empty room stands a large intricately carved wardrobe. The handle turns, the door creeks open, and from the interior, a gust of cool air brushes your face and bathes you in a cool distant light. And deep inside you something stirs. ï¿½At the name of Aslan each one of the children feels something jump inside. Edmund feels a sensation of mysterious horror. Peter feels suddenly brave and adventurous. Susan feels as if some delicious smell or some delightful strain of music has just floated by her. And Lucy gets the feeling you have when you wake up in the morning and realize that it is the beginning of the holidays or the beginning of summer.ï¿½ Remember the first time you entered the world of Narnia? And came under the mesmerising spell of the evil White Witch who makes it ï¿½Always winter, never Christmasï¿½ï¿½ But the redemption of Narnia and the end of the White Witchï¿½s reign has been prophesied. And the arrival of ï¿½sons of Adam and daughters of Eveï¿½, is a sign that the coming of Aslan as the rightful King is near. But how do you feel about Jesus being portrayed by a lion? In fact, Jesus is described as a lion in the first and last book of the Bible. In Genesis, Jacob makes this prophecy about one of his descendents.   ï¿½Youï¿½re a lionï¿½s cub, Judah, ï¿½ my son. Look at him, crouched like a lion, king of beasts; who dares mess with him? The sceptre shall not leave Judah; heï¿½ll keep a firm grip on the command staff; Until the ultimate ruler comes and the nations obey him.ï¿½ (Genesis 49: 9-10)   And in the Book of Revelation, the Apostle John, is told, "Do not weep! See, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has triumphed." (Revelation 5:5)   But why the name Aslan? Simple. Aslan is Turkish for ï¿½lionï¿½.ï¿½ Perhaps thatï¿½s why Edmund is tempted with Turkish Delight. The abiding message of Narnia, so powerfully re-told in the new film, can be summarised from Ephesians in 3 ways.   1. Jesus has the power to deal with my past ï¿½I pray also that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened in order that you may know the hope to which he has called you, the riches of his glorious inheritance in the saints.ï¿½ (Ephesians 1:18).   Even without the newspapers or TV News regaling the trials and tragedies of the day, it does not take long to recognize that our world has gone wrong - badly. But why do we have the idea of ï¿½wrongï¿½ or ï¿½rightï¿½ at all? With no true examples of perfection, why do we experience dissatisfaction with the world as it is? Because, deep down inside we know that the world has gone wrong. So we channel our best scientific minds, artistic talents, social skills, economic sense, and political will to fix it. But no sooner do we solve one problem than another arises. It feels like we are cursed ï¿½ and so it should be no surprise to find that we are. We are under the curse of sin ï¿½ a condition for which we are responsible, and from which we have no power to ultimately deliver ourselves. First, notice:   The Slippery Slope of Sin As the bombs begin falling all about them, Mrs. Pevensie orders her children into their backyard bomb shelter. At the last moment, Edmund disobeys. One of his prized possessions, a photograph of his father has been left behind, and Edmund turns to run into the house to retrieve it. In his zeal to possess a good thing -- this emblem of his father --he unwittingly places himself and his brother Peter, who chases after him, in mortal danger. This small slip previews a much larger authority struggle that plagues Edmund throughout the story. It imperils him and many others. We can all relate to Edmund. Someone who thinks of himself first. Weï¿½ve all done things in our life that weï¿½re not very proud of. The Bible calls that sin and makes it clear that every one of us falls short of Godï¿½s expectation. We may ignore


Ebbsfleet in Kent will be the site of a giant sculpture by Mark Wallinger, what form will the sculpture take?

SculptSite.com: Mark Wallinger Sculpture BD the Architects' Website By Will Hurst Plans for a giant horse intended to become a new landmark in Kent have been given planning permission. EBBSFLEET VALLEY, KENT THAMESIDE, UK - Artist Mark Wallinger's White Horse is 33 times life-size and, overlooking the A2 in the Ebbsfleet Valley, will be seen by up to 60 million people a year. The steel-frame scheme, selected following a competition, was unanimously approved yesterday by Gravesham Borough Council. The backers of the project, Eurostar, Land Securities and London & Continental Railways, have so far injected around £1 million of seed funding to get the project off the ground. Wallinger said: "This is a tremendously exciting project. I was honoured that my White Horse won the competition and I am delighted that Gravesham Borough Council has granted it planning permission. The team and I are very much looking forward to creating a new landmark for the area." Project Director Mark Davy said the sculpture would "act as an important catalyst for the cultural identity of the area". "Ebbsfleet Valley will be a major new mixed-use development, which is set to become a hub for an emerging new economy in the South-east," he added. Other parties involved in the project include engineer Alliance Design Group. A really, really large horse! This project brings to mind the large equine sculpture "Gran Cavallo" that is 24 ft high located at the wonderful Frederik Meijer Gardens and Sculpture Park located in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The "Gran Cavallo" sculpture may seem small when compared to the White Horse Sculpture that is said will be 50m-high (164ft) - making it about seven times larger if my calculations are correct. In the case of this sculpture, one might want to utilize the popular phrase - size does matter! More Sculpture News ....


Which colourful, noisy bird, found across Europe, northwest Africa and Asia, is found in a woodland habitat? The common variety has the scientific name Garrulus Glandarius?

Garrulus glandarius - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus Garrulus glandarius a fawn-colored jay with black-and-white crest and blue-and-black wings Class: (* Garrulus glandarius may be used in a singular or plural context) Type of: Eurasian Jay | Garrulus glandarius  [species] a species of bird occurring over a vast region from Western Europe and north-west Africa to the Indian Subcontinent and further to the eastern seaboard of Asia and down into south-east Asia. Across its vast range, several very distinct racial forms...


Which jazz musician, he played the tenor sax and clarinet, was nicknamed 'Prez'?

Musicians | Billie Holiday Songs Billie Holiday Songs A site dedicated to Billie Holiday's Songs and Discography Search Musicians The musicians: Billie’s companions and friends This section is dedicated to the musicians that accompanied  Billie along her career. This is a personal selection, where I included her close friends, those who recorded many tracks, and also some of the best jazz musicians at the time. I’m sure that they all shared her passion for music. As you can hear in the recorded tracks or watch in the few videos available, Billie showed always great respect to their talent, reserving time for them to perform their solos in the bridges, registering their extraordinary talent.  The stars in the boxes represent their common evaluation in the jazz literature (up to 5). THE MUSICIANS David Roy “Little Jazz” Eldridge Recording years Number of tracks 44 Roy Eldridge was a long time partner to Billie, having recorded 44 tracks in 22 years. Selected tracks: MT 5 Miss Brown To You (1935) MT 108 What Shall I Say? (1939) MT 136 Time On My Hands (1940) LR 162 Lady Sings The Blues (1956)   Number of tracks 60 Sweets Edison recorded most of his tracks with Billie in the later years, including her last studio session. An exception was a sole session where he shared the trumpets with Buck Clayton (see) still in the Vocalion years. He was at the time with Count Basie Orchestra (see), where Lester Young (see) that nicknamed him “Sweets”. Selected tracks: MT 126 The Man I Love (1939) together with Buck Clayton MT 243 Love Me Or Leave Me (1954) MT 281 Do Nothing Till You Hear From Me (1956) MT 330 Baby Won’t You Please Come Home (1959)   Number of tracks 35 Charlie Shavers recorded most of the tracks in the 50s, and only exceptionally in live sessions. Selected Tracks: MT 106 That’s All I Ask Of You (1939) MT 219 East Of The Sun (1952) MT 230 Tenderly (1952) MT 252 I Wished On The Moon (1955)   Number of tracks 62 Buck Clayton followed Billie along her career, with few intervals. From 1955 on, only in live sessions. He was a close friend to Billie and she always referred to Buck as one of the most handsome men she knew, although, it seems, they never had an affair. Selected Tracks MT 43 Why Was I Born (1937) LR 2 They Can’t Take That From Me (1937) MT 93 I Can´t Get Started (1938) in a duet with Lester LR 203 When Your Lover Has Gone (1958)   39 (exceptionally, he played also tenor sax and clarinet) Benny Carter and Johnny Hodges (see below) were considered the best sax players by the time they were playing with Billie in the early 30s. By the end of his long career he was composing scores for the movies and for television series. Selected tracks: MT 141 St. Louis Blues (1940) listen to the clarinet solo in the bridge MT 268 A Fine Romance (1955) listen to the obbligati MT 272 Isn’t It A Lovely Day (1955)   Johnny spent almost 40 years of his glorious career playing with Duke Ellington. Selected tracks MT 14 These ‘n’ That ‘n’ Those (1935) MT 19 These Foolish Things (1935)   67 (exceptionally, he played also clarinet) Lester is generally considered to be one of the greatest masters in saxophone. He worked with Count Basie from 1936 to 1940. Im 1934 he came to New York and lived some time by Sadie, Billie’s mother. At the time, all the musicians got a nickname, like for instance Duke (Ellington) and Count (Basie). Billie, celebrating their friendship, would soon call him Pres (from president) and he, in turn , would call her Lady Day. They were great friends for life and he passed away a couple of weeks before her. Sixty-seven tracks with Billie is a record. Selected tracks MT 44 I Must Have That Man (1937) an historical session, where a wonderful team of musicians were gathered together. MT 92 I The Very Thought Of You (1938) an opportunity to hear Lester playing clarinet. MT 126 The Man I Love (1939) MT 147 All Of Me (1941) this track is generally considered an alternate take because it was too long for a 78rpm and then not selected as the master take at the time. However, due to this particularity, I chose it as an master t


Whose 'Plays Pleasant' included `Candida' and 'You Never Can Tell'?

Candida Summary - eNotes.com Candida Summary link Link Candida: A Mystery is included among “Plays: Pleasant” in George Bernard Shaw’s first collection of plays, Plays: Pleasant and Unpleasant (1898). Like each of the other “Plays: Pleasant” (Arms and the Man, The Man of Destiny, and You Never Can Tell), Candida presents a youthful figure whose informal moral reflections help other characters to understand their lives better. This youth is the nervous eighteen-year-old nobleman Eugene, who returns with Candida to her house and husband in London. Candida’s husband is the socialist reverend Morell, a famous speaker who also runs his household in an egalitarian fashion; since there is only one maid, Morell, his wife, and his secretary assume some of the household chores. Morell seems very much in control of his world until Eugene tells him that he (Eugene) is in love with Candida and that she is probably repulsed by Morell. Eugene’s revelation and reflections undermine Morell’s apparent security and control and show his fragility. An additional complication arises when Morell’s despised father-in-law, the unscrupulous businessman Burgess, comes to talk to Morell for the first time in three years. Burgess is appalled at Morell’s suggestion that they would get along fine if they agreed to be honest with each other. Morell should openly consider Burgess a scoundrel and Burgess should openly call Morell a fool. Morell and Eugene ask Candida to choose between... (The entire section is 538 words.) Get Free Access link Link Act 1. In his London home, the Reverend James Morell, a popular speaker for Christian Socialist causes, is arranging lecture dates with his secretary, Prossy, who is secretly in love with him. His curate, the Reverend Alexander Mill, enters and announces that Morell’s father-in-law, Mr. Burgess, is coming to see him. While Morell briefly leaves the room, Mill and Prossy argue about Mill’s tendency to idealize Morell and his wife, Candida. When Burgess enters, Mill leaves. Burgess has not seen Morell, whom he regards as a fool, for three years. Morell despises Burgess for being interested only in money and for paying low wages to his help. Morell was instrumental in getting the county council to turn down Burgess’s bid for a construction contract. Burgess says that he changed his ways and now pays higher wages, but Morell suspects that Burgess only wants to bid on other contracts. Candida returns from a vacation with her children, accompanied by Eugene Marchbanks; Burgess, impressed to discover that he is the nephew of a peer, leaves, promising to return that afternoon. Candida, too, goes out, and Morell invites Marchbanks to stay for lunch. Marchbanks announces that it is incredible that Morell should think his marriage to Candida a happy one; he himself loves Candida, and he dares Morell to tell Candida what he said. Morell begins to get angry when Marchbanks asserts that Candida is too fine a spirit for a life with Morell. Saying that he will not tell Candida of their talk, Morell instructs the young man to leave. Candida returns and invites Marchbanks to stay for lunch. Act 2. Later that same afternoon, Prossy berates Marchbanks for fiddling with her typewriter. Marchbanks talks poetically of love until Prossy, who is at first exasperated, admits that she, too, is in love. Burgess enters and asserts that Morell is mad. When Morell comes in with the news that Candida is cleaning the house and the lamps, Marchbanks is horrified to think that his... (The entire section is 811 words.) Get Free Access


Which North Yorkshire town is home to the Green Howards Regimental Museum, a castle and Fresh Radio?

Richmond, North Yorkshire - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki More info on Richmond, North Yorkshire   Wikis       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Richmond seen from its castle Richmond List of places: UK  • England  • Yorkshire Richmond is a market town and civil parish on the River Swale in North Yorkshire , England and is the administrative centre of the district of Richmondshire . Situated on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park , it is a popular tourist destination, with a total population of 8970. Contents History Etymology The town of Richemont in Normandy (now in the Seine-Maritime département , Haute-Normandie region) was the origin of the name Richmond. This Richmond was the eponymous honour of the Earls of Richmond (or comtes de Richemont), a dignity normally also held by the Duke of Brittany from 1136 to 1399. Early history Richmond was founded in 1071by the Norman, Alan Rufus , on lands granted to him by William the Conqueror . Richmond Castle, completed in 1086, consisted of a keep with walls encompassing the area now known as the Market Place. The constitutional ambiguity of Dukes of Brittany as vassals of both Valois France (in right of Brittany ) and Plantagenet England (in right of Richmond) was the source of much tension in Breton and Northern English history, particularly during the great Breton War of Succession and Wars of the Roses . Richmond was eventually willed by Francis II, Duke of Brittany to Henry VII of England , whose grandson Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset was independent Richmond's first duke, to distinguish from an earlier junior status as county. Richmondshire's unification with the Principality of Wales and Kingdom of England into England and Wales was part of the same period as the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 , paralleled by the 1532 Union between Brittany and France , under Francis III, Duke of Brittany . Richmondshire had previous participation in the Statute of Rhuddlan , during which preceding conflict the Lord of Bedale became a seasoned soldier that aided in his promotion to a Viceroy of Edward I in the Scottish Lowlands . Richmond has been joined with the Welsh Marches since the time of Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox and Richmond's relations with Mercia , go back to the time when Edwin, Earl of Mercia , held the old manor of Gilling West (an enclave within Northumbria ), that was moved by the Bretons to Richmond. Richmond's inclusion into the royal body politic of England was opposed by locals for over a century, through numerous plots and rebellions, Spanish confederations and Jesuit missions, finally cracking in the Civil War period. The most notable personages of this faction, were the Lords Baltimore , who had to retreat to Ireland and the American colonies for their peace of religion. The prosperity of the medieval market town and centre of the Swaledale wool industry greatly increased in the late 17th and 18th centuries with the burgeoning lead mining industry in nearby Arkengarthdale . It is from this period that the town's attractive Georgian architecture originates, the most notable examples of which are to be found on Newbiggin and in Frenchgate. Scottish relations Conan IV, Duke of Brittany married Margaret of Huntingdon, whose brother William I of Scotland was prisoner in the castle keep after the Battle of Alnwick (1174) . At the Battle of Old Byland , Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland led an assault on Richmond and this resulted in the capture of John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond . After the last Tudor Richmond, Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox became magnate here. During the English Civil War , the Covenanter Army led by David Leslie, Lord Newark , took over the castle; there was conflict between local Catholics and Scottish Presbyterians. Landmarks Richmond Castle Richmond Castle situated in the town centre overlooking the River Swale is


What name is given in geometry to two or more shapes that are identical?

Congruent Triangles - Free Math Help Congruent Means "Identical In Form" The Definition Before we even start, let me remind you that congruent means "the same" in geometry. As written above, it means "identical in form." If you cut two identical triangles from a sheet of paper, and couldn't tell them apart based on size or shape, they would be congruent. We use the following symbol to indicate congruence: It means not only are the two figures the same shape (~), but they have the same size (=). Going into more detail... Two figures that are congruent have what are called corresponding sides and corresponding angles. That means that parts that are the same and would match up if you stacked the two figures. It is important to recognize that in a congruent triangle, each part of it is also obviously congruent. If two triangles are congruent, then naturally all the sides are angles are also congruent with their corresponding pair. In every congruent triangle: (1) there are 3 sets of congruent sides and (2) there are 3 sets of congruent angles. Below we have two triangles: triangle ABC and triangle DEF. NOTE: The corresponding congruent sides are marked with small straight line segments called hash marks. The corresponding congruent angles are marked with arcs. See picture above. For those same two triangles, ABC and DEF, we know the following: (1) line segment AB is to line segment DE. (6) angle C is to angle F. Notice that each one of these properties makes common sense. If you have two identical triangles, it should be obvious that their angles are identical. Nonetheless, these are still important facts. Why? Because now all we have to do is prove that two triangles are congruent. We don't have to worry about proving the sides or angles are congruent. This can be very useful. Proving Congruency If we need to prove that two triangles are congruent, we have five different methods: SSS (side side side) = If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of another triangle, the triangles are congruent. SAS (side angle side) = If two sides and the angle in between are congruent to the corresponding parts of another triangle, the triangles are congruent. ASA (angle side angle) = If two angles and the side in between are congruent to the corresponding parts of another triangle, the triangles are congruent. AAS (angle angle side) = If two angles and the non-included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts of another triangle, the triangles are congruent. HL (hypotenuse leg) = If the hypotenuse and leg of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts of another right triangle, the right triangles are congruent. Remember that if we know two sides of a right triangle we know the third side anyway, so this is really just SSS. NOTE 1: AAA works fine to show that triangles are the same SHAPE (similar), but does NOT work to show congruence. You can draw 2 equilateral triangles that are the same shape but not the same size. NOTE 2: The Angle Side Side theorem (yes, we all know what it spells) does NOT necessarily work. I will now show you the basics of proving (showing) that two triangles are congruent. However, I will go over this again in more detail in future geometric proof lessons. For example, later on, I will show you how to use the statements versus reasons charts but for now, I will stick to the basics. Example A: Is triangle ABC congruent to triangle DEF? In the pictures we have: angle A


The charity 'Bliss' supports who or what?

Learn and talk about Bliss (charity), Charities based in London, Childbirth in the United Kingdom, Children's charities based in the United Kingdom, Organizations established in 1979 History[ edit ] Bliss was started in 1979 when a letter was sent to the Daily Telegraph [1] in response to a story on neonatal intensive care units . Allan Chilvers suggested setting up a society to raise funds for life-saving equipment like incubators for premature babies and BLISS (Baby Life Support Systems) was born. In five years £750,000 was raised and equipment had been given to 82 hospitals. [2] The 1990s saw the introduction of artificial pulmonary surfactants and antenatal steroids which reduced infant mortality and meant more premature babies began to survive. During this decade, Bliss was chosen as the charity for the Blue Peter appeal twice, raising £2.7million and helping to raise awareness about underfunding in neonatal intensive care units [2] In 2000 Bliss ran a campaign to show that neonatal intensive care units in the UK were relying on the charity for equipment, rather than the NHS . The story made the front page of the Daily Express [3] and £6.5million was then announced for neonatal intensive care. From then, Bliss decided to spend less money on equipment and started funding medical training and research. [2] Bliss today[ edit ] Bliss’ work today helps special care babies through campaigning, research and family support services. They provide support for families through their helpline, parent forum, and support groups and volunteers. They also provide publications to parents and neonatal intensive care units on subjects like understanding equipment in neonatal units, kangaroo care , and weaning. [4] They are working with the NHS to introduce dedicated Bliss Nurses across the UK, to provide direct support to families with babies in special care. [5] They are also working in partnership with the True Colours Trust on a grants programme, called the Bliss Baby Charter Grant Fund, to support the development of family-friendly facilities on neonatal units throughout the UK. [6] Bliss raises awareness of the issues affecting special care babies by campaigning for change within government and the NHS . [7] In February 2014 Bliss launched a campaign for more financial help for families with babies in hospital, with a campaign called 'It's not a game: the very real costs of having a premature or sick baby'. [8] Bliss is also currently campaigning for flexibility in the school starting age. [9] Bliss works in partnership to promote and support best practice in neonatal care, and is currently involved in £7.5 million of research such as: The Epicure Study Since 1995 Bliss has supported the EPICure study, [10] which tracks the chances of survival and later health status of babies born at less than 26 weeks gestational age. This study is helping to inform healthcare and education services to ensure the right support is provided at all times for premature and sick babies as they grow towards adulthood. Guidelines for the screening and treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity Retinopathy of Prematurity is damage to the retina area of the eye that is sensitive to light and is common amongst premature babies. This disease can, however, be treated if diagnosed early. Bliss produced guidelines for the screening and treatment of this disease. [11] A direct result has been an increase in the screening and treatment of this disease, improving babies’ long-term vision and quality of life. SCAMP Study The heads of babies that are born extremely premature (less than 29 weeks) do not grow very well, which affects how their brains develop later. Many of these babies are fed intravenously, directly into a vein, in the first month of life as their gut is too immature to digest milk in high enough quantities for their nutritional needs. This study, known as the SCAMP study (Standardised Concentrate with Added Macronutrients Parenteral), [12] wanted to investigate whether improving the nutritional content of the babies’ intravenous feeds improves early


Which Scottish malt whisky is produced by 'the sixteen men of Tain'?

Glenmorangie Distilleries, Scotland | By Scotland Channel City finder Glenmorangie Distillery The phrase that comes to mind when one thinks of Glenmorangie is ‘The sixteen men of Tain.’ From the time the distillery was started in 1843, it has been managed and run by sixteen dedicated, hard working men who carry on the responsibility of producing this fine single malt. The tradition has passed down with every generation and even though the quantity of whisky produced is much more than it was in 1843, this whisky is still handcrafted by sixteen men of Tain . Glenmorangie stands on the shores of Dornoch Firth and was founded by William Matheson. Instead of buying new stills, with typical Scottish frugality, the distillery manager bought second hand gin stills. This set the tradition of using tall stills of hand beaten copper with arching swan necks. Glenmorangie now uses the tallest stills in Scotland at 16 feet and 10 and1/4 inches. William Matheson was followed by one of his sons, John, who took over the distilling duties. The whisky was hugely popular and in 1887 a Limited Company was set up. The partners were the Maitland brothers and Duncan Cameron. The demand boomed and the whisky was soon exported to various countries all over the world. During the First World War the troops of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders were barracked at the distillery in the malt barns every summer. At the end of WWI the distillery passed out of local ownership. Glenmorangie was bought by their biggest customer MacDonald and Muir of Leith. A member of the MacDonald family is still closely associated with the Distillery. The contingent of sixteen men of Tain once again ran the distillery at full swing at the end of the war. The distillery has always used water from Tarlogie springs though the land belonged to the Laird. It is not possible to control it or prevent development around the springs so in 1980 the distillery bought 650 acres around the springs to safeguard the water quality. In the 1990s Glenmorangie was expanded to increase the number of stills in order to meet the world demand. In 2002 two washbacks or fermentation vessels were added to increase production. Despite this Glenmorangie is managed by its sixteen men of Tain who work round the clock in quiet efficiency. They include the distillery manager and his assistant, mash men, still men and warehouse men. Glenmorangie produces a memorable 10 year old which is stored in used bourbon casks resulting in a balanced yet complex whisky. Glenmorangie Sherry Wood Finish goes through an initial maturation in ex-bourbon casks and is then transferred to sherry casks to get the perfect finish. The Port Wood Finish whisky matured in American oak casks has a deep rich texture. Other whiskies include the Madeira Finish and Burgundy Wood Finish among others. Tags:


What name do sailors give to a rope that pulls a sail tight?

Seven Essential Knots for Sailors - Sail Magazine Sailboat DIY And Repair Tips Seven Essential Knots for Sailors Seven Essential Knots for Sailors Jeff Werner | April 1, 2015 Once you cut a piece of rope off the spool at the chandlery and bring it aboard your boat and give it a job to do, it becomes a line you have put to work. Whatever job it is performing—whether it becomes a jibsheet, a fender whip or a dockline—there is an ideal knot, hitch or bend for its given task. Types of knots fall into three general categories. The first are those tied on the end of a line and are commonly called “knots,” such as the bowline knot and the stopper knot. The second category are those used to join two lines together. They may have “bend” in their name, as in a sheet bend, because to bend, in sailor talk, means to join. The last group are those which secure a line to a cleat, piling or stanchion, and they are known as “hitches.” If you didn’t learn knots when you were young, you can still master them quickly. The key is to learn what a given knot should look like when completed, then practice tying it until you can do it with your eyes closed. When studying knots, it helps to know some terms. The ends of a line are referred to as either “working” or “standing.” The working end is free, while the standing end is secured to something. A loop formed in a line is known as a bight. Bowline The most useful knot aboard a sailboat is the bowline. It forms a fixed noose at the end of a line that cannot run or slip and is commonly used, for example, to secure sheets to the clew of a headsail. Two bowlines can also be used to connect two lines. The great advantage of a bowline is that no matter how tight it becomes after being loaded for a while, it can always be easily untied. The well known ditty for tying a bowline runs as follows: “The rabbit comes out of the hole, goes around back of the tree, and then jumps back into the hole.” The “rabbit” is the working end of the line; the “hole” and “tree” are formed in the standing end. To finish the knot properly, give a hard pull on the tree and the rabbit’s ears at the same time, so the shape of the knot is not deformed. To untie a bowline, turn the knot over and break its back by bending it downward. Form a closed loop in the line, with the working end passing over the standing end. Pass the working end through the loop, around behind the standing end, then back into the loop. Give a hard pull to close the knot up tight. To untie a bowline, turn the knot over and break its back by bending it downward.     Stopper Knot To keep a line from pulling through a block or rope clutch, a knot should be tied in the end of it. The most secure knot for doing this is the double overhand stopper knot, known as the stopper knot for short. Unlike a simple overhand knot or a figure eight knot, this knot does not come loose easily. The easiest way to tie a true stopper knot is by using your hand as a form. Just loop the end of the line twice around the palm of your hand, tuck the working end under the two loops, and then pull the loops off your hand. Once you try it, you’ll never use a figure eight again. Working back to front, pass the working end twice around the palm of your open hand. After you’ve got two full wraps, pass the working end under the wraps on your palm away from your thumb. Then use the end to pull the knot tight as it slips off your hand. Clove Hitch This is a handy knot because it can be tied very quickly. On sailboats its usual use is for securing fender whips to a lifeline, stanchion base or toerail. It can be easily adjusted to raise or lower a fender as needed. The clove hitch can also be used to temporarily secure a dock line to a piling, but be aware that the hitch can unexpectedly work free as the boat moves around at the dock. Take one full turn around the object the line is being secured to. Then pass the line over itself as you take another turn. Finish the knot by tucking the working end under itself and pull tight. Sheet Bend Many sailors use a square knot when tying two lines tog


Which jazz musician, he played the vibraphone, was nicknamed 'Bags'?

Detroit's own, jazz great Milt Jackson | African American Registry Detroit's own, jazz great Milt Jackson Milt Jackson Date:  Mon, 1923-01-01 Milt Jackson was born on this date in 1923. He was an African American jazz musician, the first and most influential vibes player of the modern jazz era. He was born in Detroit. At age 16, Jackson began playing vibes or vibraphone professionally. He attended Michigan State University and joined Dizzy Gillespie's sextet in 1945; he then worked with Gillespie's big band and later returned to play vibes and piano in Gillespie's sextet from 1950 to 1952. During this time, he freelanced with leading bop musicians in New York City and played in the Woody Herman band. Also called “BAGS,” Jackson was a cofounder of the Modern Jazz Quartet (MJQ), which was his principal performance mouthpiece from 1952 to 1974. Meanwhile, he also recorded often as sideman, including classic sessions with Thelonious Monk--Evidence, Criss Cross, and Miles Davis Bags' Groove; and as leader, including sets with top tenor saxophonists Coleman Hawkins, John Coltrane, and Lucky Thompson. Jackson’s fluent playing had an undeniable swing that is heard in long lines of eighth and sixteenth notes. He created an original style out of bebop's advanced harmonies and irregular beats. His sensitivity to balance and contrast made much of his playing with the MJQ gentle when compared with his aggressive work in his own groups. Milt Jackson died in 1999. Reference: by Harry N. Abrams, Incorporated, New York Copyright 1976


The football club BATE Borisov made their debut in the European Champions League this season, in which country do they play?

UEFA Champions League 2008/09 - History - BATE-Juventus – UEFA.com Published: Tuesday 30 September 2008, 2.50CET Likhtarovich's promise to BATE faithful FC BATE Borisov captain Dmitri Likhtarovich's biggest hope before their first UEFA Champions League home game against Juventus is "not to disappoint the fans" in a 40,000 sell-out crowd at Minsk's Dinamo Stadium. FC BATE Borisov captain Dmitri Likhtarovich's biggest hope ahead of their first-ever UEFA Champions League home game against Juventus is "not to disappoint the supporters" in a 40,000 sell-out crowd at the Dinamo Stadium in Minsk. Realistic BATE usually play at their Gradski Stadium in Borisov but, having come through three qualifying rounds, they will bring UEFA Champions League football to Belarus for the first time at the capital's main venue – while much of the country's population watch at home. Likhtarovich may be playing in his 42nd UEFA competition match, following his group-stage debut in the 2-0 defeat at Real Madrid CF a fortnight ago, yet he is realistic about BATE's chances against the two-time European champions. "Whatever happens, we hope not to disappoint our supporters," Likhtarovich told uefa.com. "Every team plans to get points, but some gain them while others do not." Juve strength Juventus are missing David Trezeguet and Gianluigi Buffon, and have Nicola Legrottaglie doubtful with a thigh problem, but they beat FC Zenit St. Petersburg 1-0 in their Group H opener and Likhtarovich recognises their strength in depth. "Juve are a club with no irreplaceable players," the 30-year-old midfielder said. "So our task will not be any easier. Juventus still have [Alessandro] Del Piero, the true leader of the team. He may not be the same Del Piero we knew seven or eight years ago, but he still scores regularly and makes assists. Then they have [Mauro] Camoranesi, [Pavel] Nedvěd, and their attack is strong enough even without Trezeguet." Star status Mixing it with the likes of Juventus, Madrid and Zenit is a major step up for BATE, who in their modern incarnation since 1996 have collected four Belarussian league titles. Likhtarovich is not feeling superstar status quite yet, however. "I don't notice any special attention," he said. "I can feel the interest, but we are not really recognised in the streets much – certainly not the way it is at leading European clubs." Respect Del Piero, who should be partnered up front by Amauri on Tuesday, is another for whom this BATE side remain an unknown quantity. "Sorry, but I don't know the BATE players by name," admitted the 33-year-old Bianconeri captain. "However, we have watched videos of them and we know something about them. They are a very young team who have achieved a lot, so I respect them very much. I think it will be a good game." ©UEFA.com 1998-2011. All rights reserved. Last updated: 30/09/08 22.04CET


Which famous novelist wrote the 1948 novel 'The Heart of the Matter' and the 1957 play 'The Potting Shed'?

Alfred Hitchcock   Alfred Hitchcock                 No figure in motion pictures has had more volumes written about him than the most popular and esteemed director Alfred Hitchcock.  We shall strive to make this page as interesting and informative as possible.  It is not our intention to editorialize - simply to present.  Almost without exception comments about the books are from the books themselves.  Some of the books will be available for purchase.  Order the books using the red number and our order form.  We will advise of the shipping charges.  You may pay with  PayPal.  You may also pay with other major credit cards - see below. We also accept money orders and personal checks.  Your books may be combined with other products on the AlfredsPlace website for shipping savings.  Enjoy!          Alfred Hitchcock   by Paul Duncan.   H1  Pocket Essentials is a fresh new series of film books that are short, snappy, and easy to read. Packed with facts, and backed up by opinion, each book has all the key information you need to know about the world's most celebrated film directors and film genres. What's in a book? As well as an introduction to the subject, each film by a director or each genre is individually analyzed and reviewed. In addition, the director or genre's impact on the film industry is explained, and a handy reference section lists all the far weightier (and more expensive) books on the subject. for movie buffs and students, these are great little entry-level books that build into an essential film library.  ï¿½ 1999. Pocket Essentials. "There are succinct and to-the-point plots, subtext and 'making of' sections for each of Hitch's 50 odd films. It's author Paul Duncan has fitted it all in considering the size of the book, and at this price you can't go wrong! The author has peppered the text with his own opinions and has the nerve to rate the films - quite accurately pointing out that Hitchcock made bad films as well as good ones. I can see how this irreverent attitude to Hitchcock could get up the noses of some academics, but I found it refreshing. His opinions, I find, are also good starting points for discussions about Hitchcock. At the back, there is a reference section where Paul Duncan gives his opinion about other reference books - something I have not seen done elsewhere." - Jill Fay.     Alfred Hitchcock   by Serge Kaganski.  H2  "The Birds and Marnie are certainly key sources for anyone who seeks to catch sight of the links between the director's private life and his work.  The key is to be found in one name: that of Tippi Hedren.  No doubt she was not the only actress Hitchcock ever fell for, but she was the only one to whom he made an open declaration of love.  Today, on revisiting The Birds, that masterpiece of pure, primitive terror, we begin to sense that Hitchcock made it for one reason and for one reason only: to abuse Tippi Hedren, to scare her, to push her to the edge, to lacerate those pellucid features, to spoil that maddening beauty.  It seems like the work of a sadist who so resents his position of emotional inferiority to his own star that he goes out of his way to assail and humiliate her"... and so says Kaganski.  Pocket Archives Hazan. ï¿½ 1997. 199 pages Color & B&W photos galore.         Serge Kaganski, born 1959, edits the film section of the French arts magazine Les Inrockuptibles.  He was the paper's Los Angeles correspondent, 1986-1990, and is currently a regular contributor to a major film program on French radio.  (Background info as of 1997). BUY IT  H2SC1 Small Soft Cover, excellent condition, minor cover wear, no writing, tight. $10.     The Alfred Hitchcock Album   by Michael Haley.  H3  Prentice-Hall, USA.  177 pages. Michael Haley's The Alfred Hitchcock Album captures both the awesome professional career and the jealously guarded private life of this shy and retiring award-winning director.  From Hitchcock's imaginative and solitary childhood to his first film job as a title-card designer in the silent era to his rising success as a feature film director in Hollywood, Ha


In maths and physics, what name is given to any quantity that has both magnitude and direction?

Vector, their Magnitude & Direction. Defined with Examples and Quiz Questions. What is the direction of the vector pictured above? Direction The direction of the vector is North East or diagonally up and right (Short of measuring the angle with a protractor, we cannot be more exact with this picture) Problem 2 What is the magnitude and direction of the vector below? Show Answer The direction of the vector is 55° North of East, and the vector's magnitude is 2.3. Problem 3 Find the magnitude and direction of vector in the diagram below. Show Answer The direction of the vector is 47 ° North of West, and the vector's magnitude is 2. Problem 4 Find the magnitude and direction of vector in the diagram below. Show Answer The direction of the vector is 43° East of South, and the vector's magnitude is 3 . It is also possible to describe this vector's direction as 47. South of East. Problem 5 What is the difference between a vector that is 55° north of west and a vector that's 35°west of north? Show Answer In terms of direction, there is no difference whatsoever between 55°north of west, and 35° west of north.


Which UK city is overlooked by Cave Hill?

Cave Hill Country Park - Visit Belfast Visit Belfast › Things to do › Cave Hill Country Park Cave Hill Country Park Cave Hill Country Park includes Belfast Castle Estate, Carr's Glen Linear Park, Hazelwood and land on the summit of Cave Hill. Description Visitors to Cave Hill Country Park can enjoy panoramic views across Belfast from vantage points on the hillside. Park features include Cave Hill Adventurous Playground, archaeological sites, Cave Hill Visitor Centre, an ecotrail, gardens, orienteering routes, refreshments (in Belfast Castle), scenic views and waymarked walking trails suitable for casual walkers or serious ramblers.  For generations, Cave Hill has been synonymous with Belfast, with its imposing outline visible throughout the city. The landmark, named for the five caves located on the side of the cliffs, contains a wealth of natural, archaeological and historical features, including Belfast Castle. Its most famous feature, known locally as Napoleon's Nose, is believed to have been the inspiration for Jonathan Swift's novel, Gulliver's Travels. Cave Hill Visitor Centre Opening Times Tuesday to Sunday: 9am - 10pm Sunday and Monday: 9am - 5.30pm Admission is free.


The 19th century movement for the unification of Italy was known by what name?

Life in Italy during the 19th Century | Italy Life in Italy during the 19th Century Submitted by ancos on Wed, 01/20/2016 - 00:00 Italy During the Risorgimento Members of the first Italian Government in Torino   The 19th century was a time of great change for Italy, as the modern world emerged. The most prominent events of this time revolve around the rise of the Italian unification movement. Known as the Risorgimento, it was the social and political process that eventually succeeded in the unification of many different states into the modern nation of Italy. The exact dates of the beginning and end of the Risorgimento are unclear, but scholars believe it began at the end of the Napoleonic era, with the Congress of Vienna, in 1815. The process of Italian unification ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1871.   History of Italy in the 19th Century The Beginnings of Unification In the late eighteenth century, intellectual and social changes were taking place in Italy, questioning traditional values and beliefs. Liberal ideas from other countries, mostly Britain and France, spread rapidly through the peninsula.   Garibaldi's army in Sicily   The conclusions reached in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna restored pre-Napoleonic status quo. For Italy, it meant Austria dominated once again over various states within its borders, including Venice and Lombardy. The Savoy-ruled Kingdom of Sardinia recovered Nice, Piedmont, Savoy and Genoa, a stepping stone on the way to unification. The Papal States occupied central Italy and the Spanish dominated Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, centered in Naples, ruled the Southern Italy and Sicily. The situation was tense, as people badly tolerated foreign dominance and ideas of national independence grew. Protagonist of this period was Genoese Giuseppe Mazzini, who spearheaded the revolutionary movement. His idea of an independent nation, his concept of ‘Italia,’ spread fast among the large settlements of the country. After various failed attempts, revolutionary cells following his thought developed throughout the country. Several reforms took place in the 1840s in the Papal State, Tuscany, Lucca and the Kingdom of Sardinia. However it was too little, too late to slow down the revolutionary movements. The reforms had the opposite effect: they only intensified the resolve of the country's revolutionary cells. All of this culminated in the infamous 1848 revolutions, which later spread throughout Italy and into Austria, Germany, and France.   Vittorio Emanuele II - first King of Italy - with Rosina his most notorious concubine.   The First War for the Italian Independence began with protests in Lombardy and revolts in Sicily. This resulted in four Italian republics creating constitutions in 1848. Pope Pius IX fled Rome and the Roman Republic was then proclaimed upon the arrival of Garibaldi. When Mazzini arrived in Rome, in March 1849, he was appointed Chief Minister of the new Republic. In the meanwhile, King Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia joined the war and attempted to drive the Austrians out of the country. It looked like independence for Italy was near, but the Austrians eventually managed to successfully defeat Charles Albert in the battle of Novara in 1849, slowing the country's run towards independence. King Victor Emmanuel II would succeed his father after the battle and would later become the first King of Italy.   Camillo Benso di Cavour Count Camillo Benso di Cavour was to become the prime minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia in 1852. It was only because of the count's leadership and policies that the unification of Italy was possible. Cavour persuaded Napoleon III of France to plan a secret war against Austria. Soon, a war on Italian soil against Austria began. The French troops helped Piedmont defeat Austria in two important battles at Solferino and Magenta. Austria was soon forced to surrender the region of Lombardy, along with the city of Milan, to Napoleon III. In 1859, Napoleon III then transferred the region of Lombardy to King Victor Emmanuel II. Two years later, thanks


The seeds of the nux vomica tree contain which poison?

Poison nut | Article about Poison nut by The Free Dictionary Poison nut | Article about Poison nut by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Poison+nut Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . nux vomica (nŭks vŏm`əkə), bitter-tasting drug obtained from the poisonous seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica, a tree that grows in Sri Lanka, India, and N Australia. The dried seeds contain strychnine strychnine , bitter alkaloid drug derived from the seeds of a tree, Strychnos nux-vomica, native to Sri Lanka, Australia, and India. It has been used as a rat poison for five centuries, and rat biscuits still remain a cause of accidental poisoning in humans. ..... Click the link for more information.  and brucine, both colorless crystalline alkaloids, as well as sugar, acid, and oil. In the past nux vomica was used as a tonic in the form of a tincture, or alcoholic solution, but it is not used in modern medicine. In minute quantities it has a powerful peristaltic action on the intestines and in larger doses causes convulsions and death. Nux Vomica   (Strychnos nux-vomica), also strychnine tree a small tree (to 15 m high) of the family Loganiaceae. The leaves are opposite, leathery, and shiny. The small greenish white flowers are gathered into umbellate cymose inflorescences. The fruit is a berry, with two to eight very hard disk-shaped seeds with shiny, silky hairs. The nux vomica is native to the tropical forests of Asia and northern Australia; it is cultivated in the tropics of Africa. Like several other closely related species, it contains poisonous alkaloids (strychnine, brucine), mainly in the seeds. Strychnine (nitrate) and galenicals (the dried extract and tincture of nux vomica) are used in medicine and veterinary medicine as tonics to treat lowered metabolism, rapid fatigability, hypotension, weakened cardiac activity (resulting from intoxication and infection), pareses and paralyses, and atony of the stomach. The genus Strychnos contains 150 to 200 species, which are common to the tropics of both hemispheres. Some species are used as a source of the arrow poison curare, which contains alkaloids called curarines; others are used to treat snakebites and to purify drinking water. [29–592.–1] nux vomica


Which daily newspaper has a column called 'Mandrake'?

The Phantom | The Phantom | Fandom powered by Wikia The Phantom, drawn by Jerry DeCaire The story of the Phantom started with a young sailor named Christopher Walker. Christopher was born in 1516 in Portsmouth . His father, also named Christopher Walker, had been a seaman since he was a young boy, and was the cabin boy on Christopher Columbus 's ship Santa Maria when he discovered America . Christopher Jr. became a shipboy on his father's ship in 1526, of which Christopher senior was Captain . In 1536, when Christopher was 20 years old, he was a part of what was supposed to be the last voyage of his father. On February 17, the ship was attacked by pirates of the Singh Brotherhood in a bay in the (fictional) African country of Bengalla. The last thing Christopher saw before he fell unconscious and fell to the sea, was his father being murdered by the leader of the pirates. Both ships exploded, making Christopher the sole survivor of the attack. Christopher was washed ashore on a Bengalla beach, seemingly half dead. He was found by pygmies of the Bandar tribe, who nursed him and took care of him. A time later, Christopher had a walk on the same beach that he had been washed ashore on, and found a dead body there, who he recognized as the pirate who killed his father. He allowed the vultures flying around the body finish their work, took up the skull of the killer, raised it above his head, and swore a sacred oath: "I swear to devote my life to the destruction of piracy, greed, cruelty, and injustice, in all their forms! My sons and their sons, shall follow me." After learning the language of the Bandar tribe, Christopher found out that they were slaves of the Wasaka tribe, a tribe consisting of what the Bandars called "giants". The Bandars who had found him was only a small group of people who had managed to escape from the village of the Wasaka. Immediately, Christopher walked into the village of the Wasaka, and asked them to set the Bandars free. Instead of achieving this goal, he was taken prisoner, and laid before the Demon God of the Wasaka: Uzuki, who was supposed to decide his destiny. Christopher was tied up and laid on an altar made of stone, where vultures surrounded him, the Wasaka allowing them to eat him. Christopher was quickly saved by a group of Bandars before the vultures or the Wasaka could do him any real harm. They managed to escape from the village of the Wasaka unharmed. Christopher learned about an ancient Bandar legend about a man coming from the ocean to save them from their slavery. He made a costume inspired by the look of the Demon God of the Wasaka, and went to the Wasaka village again, this time with a small army of Bandars (armed with their newly discovered, extremely poisoned arrows, capable of killing a man in a few seconds). The Wasaka, shocked at seeing what many of them thought was their Demon God come alive, was fought down, and the Bandars were finally set free, after centuries in slavery. This resulted in a dedicated friendship between Christopher and the Bandars, which would be brought on to the generations to come after them. The Bandars showed Christopher to a cave, which resembled the look of a human skull . Christopher later carved it out to make it look even more like a skull. What was later on known as the Skull Cave became his home. Wearing the costume based on the Demon God, Christopher became the first of what would later be known as The Phantom. When he died, his son took over for him, and when the 2nd Phantom died, his son took over. And so it would go on through the centuries, causing people to believe that the Phantom was immortal, giving him nicknames as "The Ghost Who Walks" and "The Man Who Cannot Die". The legend Edit Over the course of more than seventy years' worth of stories, the "legend" of the Phantom grew to become an integral part of the series' raison d'être . The legend of the "Ghost Who Walks" made the character stand out from the innumerable costumed heroes who have battled crime throughout the 20th century , and has helped maintain his appeal through the


In show-jumping, how many faults does a competitor get for a refusal?

Showjumping Guidelines » Petersfield Showjumping Guidelines A BEGINNERS GUIDE TO SHOWJUMPING We thought it might be a good idea to give you some basic information about Showjumping. You can also download this guide : Showjumping Guidelines Before entering the ring to compete, you’ll need to warm-up in the practise arena, where there are usually two jumps.  These jumps should be flagged, and must be jumped (as in Cross Country) with the red flag on your right. In this area, you should pass others left shoulder to left shoulder, and if walking, should keep to the inside track, so as not to impede those moving faster.  You should not jump a practise fence higher than the course you are about to jump. At a competition, a pony may only be ridden anywhere on the showground by the rider who is to ride in the competition, but may be lunged by another person. Always walk the course that you are to jump, following the line you will ride.  This will be just before the class begins.  You should look tidy when walking the course and it is best not to go with a gaggle of friends who might distract you, but try to find someone who knows about riding a show jumping course and get them to walk it with you. When you enter the ring, be sure to wait for the bell before you start to jump.  If you are unsure, circle, and wait, the judge will usually announce that the bell has gone; or you could ride over and ask the judge.  Remember to enter the arena with purpose:  trot straight away and then canter round the jumps until you are given the signal to start. On the course: if you have a refusal at the second part of a double, you must jump both parts again; not just the part at which you stopped. If you should forget the course or lose your way, try not to cross your tracks, or circle, as each circle will incur 4 faults. Should you have a refusal, and in so doing, knock down the fence, you will  incur only the faults for the refusal, not the knock down. Then you must wait for the fence to be rebuilt.  Three refusals – anywhere on the course – incurs Elimination.  If this happens, you must not attempt again the fence you were eliminated at, but may, on your way out, make two attempts to jump a fence which you had already jumped – in the correct direction.  The judge will ring the bell if you are eliminated. Should you fall off, and are unhurt, you may remount and continue;  you can be given a ‘leg-up’.  A  second fall incurs elimination (for your own safety), and you must not remount, but leave the ring at a walk. If your pony falls, so that both his shoulders and quarters touch the ground, you will be eliminated, and the judge will ring the bell.  You should lead your pony out of the ring. A pony that leaves the ring at any point will be eliminated and you cannot continue. Outside Assistance : At any time after the signal to start has been given any outside assistance to a competitor, whether solicited or not, which in the opinion of the Judge might improve the competitor’s performance, incurs elimination at the Judge’s discretion. Some courses are ‘Two Phase’, -this is where you jump a number of fences and, if clear, continue straight into a timed section.  Be sure to know where the timing  begins.  If you are not clear on the first section, the bell will ring and you must leave the ring. You must not use your whip between entering the ring and the first jump. TEAMS At most team events, there will be a Tack Check before the class, where you present yourself and your pony to ensure your tack and riding wear are safe and correctly fitted. When the class is for teams of 3, all three scores will be totalled together. In teams of 4, the best three scores will be counted for a total. For a two round competition, the same applies in the second round, irrespective of which 3 members scores were counted in the first round. Should one member be eliminated in the first round, they may be able to jump in the second round if the team is not eliminated.  This depends, slightly, on the rules/judge on the day. If two or more team members are eliminated, then


In which series of films does the character John McClane appear?

DIE HARD Sequels Are A Hard Nut To Crack | Birth.Movies.Death. DIE HARD Sequels Are A Hard Nut To Crack The closest we ever came to a satisfying DIE HARD sequel. By Brian Collins Apr. 30, 2015 Apparently, the trick to coming up with a good Die Hard sequel is to grab something unrelated and refashion it to include John McClane. And if you think I'm exaggerating, consider the fact that only one of the sequels began life as one: the abysmal, universally loathed A Good Day To Die Hard. The three superior sequels were all originally written as non-McClane stories: Die Harder was based on a novel called 58 Minutes (a novel unrelated to the one that inspired the first film, and by a different author to boot), and both DH3 and 4 were based on existing spec scripts that were refashioned to fit into the series. But A Good Day? As awful as it is, and as completely out of character as John McClane may appear - somehow that was always meant to be a Die Hard. Go figure. The best proof of this theory comes from Die Hard With A Vengeance, many fans' favorite sequel (it battles with Die Harder; I prefer 3 but I can't argue much with Harlin fans). First, a bit of fun history: Die Hard 3 was originally going to be set on a cruise ship, but Under Siege stole its thunder and the script was canned. LA based stories (one involving the subway system) were commissioned, but those were rejected by Bruce Willis. Finally, Fox/Willis found a solution: Jonathan Hensleigh's spec script that was titled Simon Says, which was also considered to be reworked into the next installment of the Lethal Weapon series, and even at one point Rapid Fire 2 (!), a film that never existed at all due to the death of Brandon Lee. Apparently the idea of just making his original script into an original movie was too insane for anyone to consider, and once the script was reworked, Willis approved, and the rest is history. But here's the funny thing: many would agree that the first half of the film is superior to the 2nd, when exciting but not particularly inventive action scenes and a truly weak finale replace the first half's emphasis on suspense and tension, with McClane never even drawing his weapon until past the hour mark. That's not to say it lacked action - the frantic drive through Central Park and the terrific subway scene, where McClane boards the moving train by jumping onto it from the street above, are fine sequences. But in between them are the things people really remember about the film: McClane and Zeus (Sam Jackson) running around New York, solving Simon's riddles and bickering as the other cops got to do the more fun stuff like find a bomb that Simon has placed somewhere in one of the city's schools. There's also the matter of why McClane is involved, revealed about 15 minutes before the movie starts to falter: Simon is none other than Simon Gruber, older brother to Hans Gruber, last seen racing a Rolex watch to the asphalt around the Nakatomi building. Of course, it's not JUST a revenge movie, as Simon has bigger plans, but the connection makes up for the fact that the movie lacks other ingredients from the first two films - namely Holly, Christmas, Al Powell (and Twinkies), and a more contained environment. What's funny about that is that according to Hensleigh, the first hour is almost word for word what he originally wrote as Simon Says (barring the obvious character name changes). The second hour isn't as good and that's the stuff they changed to make it more Die Hard-y! Not that it's BAD, really (well, the ending is, but before you bring up the original ending that's on the DVD - that's not very good either), but once Simon's grand plan is revealed and McClane is once again running around shooting everyone in sight, it's less novel - this is the sort of stuff we've seen before, and it was nice to have an hour or so built around McClane's underutilized detective skills. His hangover prevents him from being too useful in the riddles, but he puts together a key part of Simon's plan (driving all of the police away from the Federal Reserve) and keeps tr


In which city is the TV series 'ER' set?

ER (TV Series 1994–2009) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The lives, loves and losses of the doctors and nurses of Chicago's County General Hospital. Creator: Dr. Greene's final days are spent in Hawaii with Rachel, teaching her to drive and surf. When he suffers a seizure, Elizabeth is called. Mark refuses to go home. He manages to make amends with his ... 9.7 Carter and Lucy are discovered and the staff struggles to save them and go on with normal patient care. 9.6 A girl drops off a sick baby at the ER and then leaves; Carter may get a kidney transplant; Gates and Daria care for an elderly woman with multiple sclerosis; Neela and Sam are in Seattle to ... 9.4 a list of 36 titles created 06 Nov 2011 a list of 32 titles created 10 Apr 2013 a list of 37 titles created 02 Jun 2013 a list of 21 titles created 16 May 2014 a list of 39 titles created 19 May 2015 Search for " ER " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Golden Globe. Another    152 wins & 365 nominations. See more awards  » Photos Edit Storyline Michael Crichton has created a medical drama that chronicles life and death in a Chicago hospital emergency room. Each episode tells the tale of another day in the ER, from the exciting to the mundane, and the joyous to the heart-rending. Frenetic pacing, interwoven plot lines, and emotional rollercoastering is used to attempt to accurately depict the stressful environment found there. This show even portrays the plight of medical students in their quest to become physicians. Written by Tad Dibbern <DIBBERN_D@a1.mscf.upenn.edu> 19 September 1994 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Carter's full name is John Truman Carter III. See more » Goofs The paramedics that come into the ER wear national registry patches on the uniforms. All Illinois medics wear Illinois state patches. Illinois does not recognize the NREMT. See more » Quotes (U.S.A.) – See all my reviews I have seen every single episode from 1994 to present. I can't say much to it personally that can do it justice so I'm simply going to leave it at that I have learned much from this show, it has a lot of feeling and a lot of heart, and I have grown with it. If I'm labeled as a die-hard fan, then so be it. I'm a guy and I love E.R. Hey, I'm square with that... ; ) And to those who say it's too long because characters leave... welcome to real life. People go places, they die, they have their troubles, they go out with 4 different people (sometimes incredibly in the same workplace). They don't call it drama for nuttin' :D 53 of 67 people found this review helpful.  Was this review helpful to you? Yes


Which daily newspaper was first issued in 1900 at the price of ½d (halfpenny) and from 1914 came under the control of Lord Beaverbrook?

The Daily Mail : 1896-1940 The Daily Mail : 1896-1940 Primary Sources In 1887 the journalist Alfred Harmsworth formed a new publishing business. Early publications included Answers (1888) and Comic Cuts (1890) and in 1894 went into newspapers when he acquired the London Evening News . Harmsworth now decided to start a new paper based on the style of newspapers published in the USA. By the time the first issue of the Daily Mail appeared for the first time on 4th May, 1896, over 65 dummy runs had taken place. For each of these the complete papers were produced at a cost of £40,000. The eight page newspaper cost only halfpenny. Slogans used to sell the newspaper included "A Penny Newspaper for One Halfpenny" and "The Busy Man's Daily Newspaper". The Daily Mail was the first newspaper in Britain that catered for a new reading public that needed something simpler, shorter and more readable than those that had previously been available. One new innovation was the banner headline that went right across the page. Considerable space was given to sport and human interest stories. It was also the first newspaper to include a woman's section that dealt with issues such as fashions and cookery. Another innovation introduced by the Daily Mail was the publication of serials. Personally supervised by Harmsworth, the average length was 100,000 words. The opening episode was 5,000 words and had to have a dramatic impact on the readers. This was followed by episodes of 1,500 to 2,000 words every day. The Daily Mail was an immediate success and circulation quickly achieved 500,000. With the strong interest in the Boer War in 1899 sales went to over a million. Harmsworth encouraged people to buy the newspaper for nationalistic reasons making it clear to his readers that his newspaper stood "for the power, the supremacy and the greatness of the British Empire". Harmsworth also used his newspapers to promote inventions such as the telephone, electric light, photography, motorcycles and motor cars. He was so passionate about cars that Harmsworth prohibited the editor of the Daily Mail from reporting automobile accidents. The popularity of the newspaper increased with the use of promotional activities. This included the offer of prizes for the first-ever flights across the Channel and Atlantic. Although aimed at a mass audience, Alfred Harmsworth employed the best journalists available. This included people such as Henry Hamilton Fyfe and Philip Gibbs . Alfred Harmsworth was a great supporter of flying and in 1906 offered a prize of £1,000 for the first airman to cross the English Channel from Calais to Dover and £10,000 prize for the first completed flight from London to Manchester . The idea seemed so preposterous that Punch Magazine decided to poke fun at Harmsworth by offering a prize of £10,000 for the first flight to Mars. However, by June 1910, both of Harmsworth's prizes had been won by French pilots. Harmsworth was worried about the possible consequences of aircraft for the defence of Britain. He realised that it would soon be possible for foreign pilots to drop bombs on Britain. He wrote a letter warning Richard Haldane , Secretary of War, about his concerns, but failed to persuade the government that this danger existed. First World War Before the outbreak of the First World War Harmsworth was accused of being a war-monger. As early as 1897 he had sent the writer G. W. Steevens to Germany to produce a sixteen-part series entitled Under the Iron Heel. The articles praised the German Army and warned that Britain was in danger of being defeated in a war against Germany. Three years later Northcliffe wrote an editorial in the Daily Mail predicting a war with Germany In October 1909 Harmsworth (now Lord Northcliffe) employed Robert Blatchford , the Socialist editor of the Clarion , to visit Germany to write a series of articles for the newspaper on the dangers that the Germans posed to Britain. Blatchford agreed with Northcliffe on the problem and in one article wrote: "I believe that Germany is deliberately preparing to destroy the Britis


In which month is Martin Luther King Day celebrated in the USA?

Martin Luther King Jr. Day in the United States Home   Calendar   Holidays   the United States   Martin Luther King Jr. Day Martin Luther King Jr. Day in the United States Martin Luther King Day is a federal holiday held on the third Monday of January. It celebrates the life and achievements of Martin Luther King Jr., an influential American civil rights leader. He is most well-known for his campaigns to end racial segregation on public transport and for racial equality in the United States. Martin Luther King Jr statue "The Stone Of Hope" memorial by master sculptor Lei Yixin was opened to the public in West Potomac Park, Washington DC, on August 22, 2011. ©iStockphoto.com/Camrocker What Do People Do? Martin Luther King Day is a relatively new federal holiday and there are few long standing traditions. It is seen as a day to promote equal rights for all Americans, regardless of their background. Some educational establishments mark the day by teaching their pupils or students about the work of Martin Luther King and the struggle against racial segregation and racism. In recent years, federal legislation has encouraged Americans to give some of their time on this day as volunteers in citizen action groups. Martin Luther King Day, also known as Martin Luther King’s birthday and Martin Luther King Jr Day, is combined with other days in different states. For example, it is combined with Civil Rights Day in Arizona and New Hampshire, while it is observed together with Human Rights Day in Idaho. It is also a day that is combined with Robert E. Lee’s birthday in some states. The day is known as Wyoming Equality Day in the state of Wyoming. Public Life Martin Luther King Day is a federal holiday, but has slightly different names in some states. Non-essential Government departments are closed, as are many corporations. Some schools and colleges close but others stay open and teach their students about the life and work of Martin Luther King. Small companies, such as grocery stores and restaurants tend to be open, although a growing number are choosing to close on this day. Some compensate by opening on Washington's Birthday instead. Recent federal legislation encourages Americans to give some of their time on Martin Luther King Day as volunteers in citizen action groups. Public transit systems may or may not operate on their regular schedule. Background Martin Luther King was an important civil rights activist. He was a leader in the movement to end racial segregation in the United States. His most famous address was the "I Have A Dream" speech. He was an advocate of non-violent protest and became the youngest man to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He was assassinated in 1968. In 1968, shortly after Martin Luther King died, a campaign was started for his birthday to become a holiday to honor him. After the first bill was introduced, trade unions lead the campaign for the federal holiday. It was endorsed in 1976. Following support from the musician Stevie Wonder with his single "Happy Birthday" and a petition with six million signatures, the bill became law in 1983. Martin Luther King Day was first observed in 1986, although it was not observed in all states until the year 2000. In 1990, the Wyoming legislature designated Martin Luther King Jr/Wyoming Equality Day as a legal holiday. Martin Luther King Jr. Day Observances Select another year-range:


The Largest Asteroids Solar System - The Asteroid Belt Giuseppe Piazzi discovered 1 Ceres in 1801, and at first it was considered to be the eighth planet; Neptune and Pluto had not been discovered.  It was the first asteroid to be discovered, and is the largest found to date.  It is near spherical, 975 km (606 miles) across at the equator, with a polar diameter of 909 km (565 miles).  It is the only asteroid considered a dwarf planet, although it is the smallest dwarf planet.  Its shape suggests that it has a differentiated interior, similar to the Earth and other rocky planets, with a rocky inner core and a thin, outer crust.  Ceres may have large deposits of water ice under its crust because as its density is rather low.  There is also evidence that the surface contains water-bearing minerals. It is possible that Ceres could have more water than all the fresh water on Earth, but as a layer of water ice in the mantle wrapped around the core.  Ceres contains almost a third of the mass of the entire asteroid belt.  Planetary astronomers generally believe Ceres formed as a protoplanet in the early days of the solar system, but did not merge with other protoplanets in the same way that, for example, the Earth did.  Its orbit takes it from 2.5468 AU to 2.9858 AU from the Sun.  It takes 4.6 years to go once around the sun.  The Largest Asteroids 704 Interamnia is about 350.3 x 303.6 km, with an average diameter of 326 km.  It represents about 1.2% of the total mass of the asteroid belt.  Its orbit is moderately eccentric varying between 2.601 AU and 3.522 AU, and takes about 5.36 years to go around the Sun.  1 Ceres 4 Vesta Discovered not long after Ceres, in 1807, 4 Vesta was the fourth found, and is the second largest asteroid, by weight.  It is elongated, about 580 km by 460 km (360 by 285 miles).  It represents about 9% of the total mass of the asteroid belt objects.  Within the last billion years, Vesta suffered a catastrophic collision that left a crater at its south pole that is about 460 km across, and blew about 1% of its entire mass into space.  The remaining fragments, at least 235 found to date, together with Vesta, comprise the Vesta group of asteroids.  Some fragments are believed to be the source of the HED meteorites, many of which found their way to the Earth and have been recovered.  Its slightly eccentric orbit takes it from 2.151 AU to 2.572 AU from the Sun.  It takes 3.63 years to go once around the sun.  2 Pallas was discovered in 1802, and is about 580 km by 500 km (average 544 km), making it comparable in size to Vesta, but it is substantially lighter being about 7% of the mass of the asteroids.  It has an eccentric orbit around the sun, varying from 2.132 AU to 3.412 AU, which is substantially inclined to the plane of the main asteroid belt by nearly 35°.  2 Pallas 10 Hygiea 10 Hygiea, discovered in 1849, is the fourth largest of the asteroids, and is also elongated, about 530 x 407 x 370 km (average 431 km).  Its orbit is somewhat eccentric, taking it from 2.77 AU to 3.507 AU, and it goes around the Sun every 5.56 years.  It is the largest asteroid in the Hygiea family representing more than 90% of the mass of the family. 704 Interamnia 52 Europa is an elongated asteroid some 360 x 315 x 240 km.  It has a low density, and is porous.  Its slightly eccentric orbit takes it from 2.785 AU out to 3.417 AU, and it goes once around the Sun every 5.46 years.  52 Europa 511 Davida is an elongated asteroid some 357 x 294 x 231 km.  Its slightly eccentric orbit takes it from 2.58 AU out to 3.754 AU, and it goes once around the Sun every 5.64 years.  It is believed to have a massive impact crater on its surface about 150 km in diameter.  511 Davida 87 Sylvia is a low density, elongated asteroid some 384 x 262 x 232 km.  Its slightly eccentric orbit takes it from 3.213  AU out to 3.768 AU, and it goes once around the Sun every 6.52 years.  Sylvia has two small moons called Romulus and Remus.  Romulus is about 18 km in diameter and orbits at a distance of 1356 km every 87.59 hours.  Remus, the second moon is 7 km


In ice skating, what was the maximum mark that a judge could give to a competitor (in competitions up to 2006)?

Competitive Figure Skating FAQ: Rules and Regulations Competitive Figure Skating FAQ: Rules and Regulations This article is part of the FAQ list for (amateur) competitive figure skating. This section covers rules governing the sport of figure skating. Table of Contents [1] How is figure skating scored? [2] Is it true that the Code of Points prevents judges     from cheating or engaging in "block judging"? [3] Wouldn't it be better to use all the judges' marks? [4] What about the old 6.0 ordinal system? [5] What about rules for professional competitions? [6] Are professional skaters allowed to compete in the Olympics? Are amateurs allowed to be paid for skating? [7] Why can't skaters do back flips in competition? [8] What is the "Katarina Rule"? [9] What is the "Zayak Rule"? [10] How do they decide which skaters get to go to  the Olympics or world championships? [11] Why doesn't the US send its top skaters to the     Four Continents Championships? [12] Why was [well-known skater] not disqualified  when she had trouble with her skate laces? [13] How was [some skater] able to compete in both the World Junior championships and senior-level competitions in the same season? [14] Why do the TV commentators keep patronizingly     referring to women skaters as "ladies" instead of "women"? [15] Isn't it unfair for the judges to watch the     practice sessions? Aren't they supposed to judge only what happens     in the actual competition? [16] Why is vocal music permitted in dance competitions?     I thought vocal music wasn't permitted in eligible competition. [17] Why are there four skaters on the podium at US Nationals instead of only three? [18] Why do they bother having the World Championships     immediately after the Olympics? [19] Where do they get those judges from? [20] Why do the judges all sit together? Doesn't this     just encourage them to cheat? [21] [TV commentator] says that skaters are     marked down for being young! Isn't this unfair? [22] [TV commentator] says that under the 6.0 system     the judges won't give high marks to the first skater! Isn't this     unfair? [1] How is figure skating scored? In 2004, the International Skating Union voted to completely change the  way skating is scored, abandoning the traditional 6.0 ordinal system  for a new system called the "Code of Points". The general idea behind  the Code of Points system is that every aspect of the skating is marked  individually. Technical elements attempted by the skaters are identified by a  paid technical specialist, informally known as the "caller". The  judges then assign a "grade of execution" (GoE) to each element. A  table in the rulebook determines the base value of each element and  the deduction or bonus corresponding to the GoE value. The judges also assign five overall "program components" scores on a  10.0 scale, for  Skating Skills, Transitions, Performance/Execution, Choreography, and  Interpretation. In theory, these are also supposed to correspond to  specific criteria, but in practice, the judges have so far shown  themselves unable to distinguish these criteria and have simply used  the program components as a subjective valuation of the program, or  to fiddle the ranking of the skaters as they did under the old ordinal  system. A secret and anonymous random subset of the judges on the panel is chosen  by the scoring computer. Of the selected judges, for each element and  program component, the high and low marks are discarded and the remaining  marks are averaged. The skaters are ranked by their total scores. The singles and pair events each have two parts, the short program  and the free skate. Both programs are scored similarly and require the  skaters to complete a list of required elements; the difference is only in  the length of the program and number of elements. (There is nothing  truly "free" about the "free skate" any more.) Scoring for ice dancing is similar, except that skaters do one or two  compulsory dances selected fr


Which sea lies between Saudi Arabia and the Sudan?

Red Sea A sea that lies between Saudi Arabia and Africa. The Red Sea is part of the main shipping routes between Europe, the Persian Gulf and East Asia. - ppt download Download Presentation is loading. Please wait. Red Sea A sea that lies between Saudi Arabia and Africa. The Red Sea is part of the main shipping routes between Europe, the Persian Gulf and East Asia. Published by Russell Hutchinson Modified about 1 year ago Embed Similar presentations More Presentation on theme: "Red Sea A sea that lies between Saudi Arabia and Africa. The Red Sea is part of the main shipping routes between Europe, the Persian Gulf and East Asia."— Presentation transcript: 1 Red Sea A sea that lies between Saudi Arabia and Africa. The Red Sea is part of the main shipping routes between Europe, the Persian Gulf and East Asia. The Red Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world and cannot be used for drinking or irrigation. 2 Congo River The deepest and most powerful river in Africa. Used to generate hydro-electric power. Important for transportation and shipping goods in a land without railroads or good roads 3 Nile RiverThe longest river in the world. Provides the primary water resource for 10 African countries. 4 Niger River and DeltaThe principal river of West Africa. The Niger River is used for irrigation of crops and to generate hydro-electric power. The river’s resources are under pressure, because the water is used for so many things. 5 Lake Victoria Africa’s largest lake, located in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania Pollution is a problem on this lake, due to the dumping of raw sewage and industrial waste and the chemical run-off from fertilizers. 6 Sahara Desert The worlds hottest desert, located in North Africa. The Sahara the largest desert in Africa and is almost as large as the United States or China. 7 Kalahari Desert A large semi-arid sandy savannah in Southern Africa that covers much of Botswana and parts of Namibia and South Africa. This desert supports many more plants and animals than a true desert, but the summer temperatures are very high. 8 Drakensberg MountainsThe highest mountains in southern Africa. These mountains have the largest collection of bushman cave paintings in the world. 9 Mount Kilimanjaro The highest free-standing mountain in the world. Mount Kilimanjaro is located in Tanzania. This mountain is a dormant volcano. 10 Great Rift Valley The continuous geographic trench that runs from northern Syria to central Mozambique in South East Africa The trench or valley contains some active volcanoes and contains a series of lakes. 11 Sahel The zone of transition between the Sahara desert in the North and the Sudan’s Savannas in the south. The Sahel has a semi-arid climate. It was once home to large numbers of grazing mammals, but over-farming and over-grazing has caused serious desertification to this region. 12 Savanna A grassland ecosystem that has grasslands and widely spaced trees. The African Savannas are home to a large number of animals and plants. The Savannas are threatened by cattle grazing and poaching. 13 PlateauA high flat plain The East African Plateau and the South African Plateau are the two primary plateaus of Africa. Much of the continent is made up of raised mostly level areas of land that drop off sharply near the sea. 14 Desertification A type of land destruction in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as plants and animals Desertification is caused by draught, over- farming or grazing and changes in the climate. 15 Kenya A country in east Africa that lies on the equator. Kenya is home to more than 40 wildlife parks and reserves. 16 Liberia Africa’s oldest republic which was founded by freed American and Haitian slaves. Liberia had a long civil war in the 1990s which killed about 250,000 people. The war left the country in ruins with almost no infrastructure. 17 Nigeria A west African nation that is rich with oil resources. Nigeria is a democratic republic, although it is constantly threatened by corruption and fightin