Human Papillomavirus Picture provided by: (21)   Historical Information: Papillomaviruses were first identified in the early 20th century, when it was shown that skin warts, or papillomas, could be transmitted between individuals by an infectious agent. The papillomavirus was first pinned as a disease by Dr. Richard Shope in the 1930s. A rabbit strain of papillomavirus caused horn-like warts on infected rabbits. The cause of these warts weren't known at the time, but Shope experimented by taking samples of the warts, grinding them up and injecting them into healthy rabbits. The healthy rabbits soon developed the same warts. Shope didn't identify HPV, but he correctly concluded that the warts were caused by a virus. Then in 1976, a German virologist Harald zur Hausen pointed out that HPV was the cause of cervical cancer. Originally this theory was rejected by other scientists, but in 1983 and 1984, zur Hausen identified HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancer, which proved his theory. In 2008, he received the Nobel Prize for this research. (1)   Disease Etiology (genus and species ): Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes genital warts. There are over 100 subtypes of human papillomaviruses that cause warts, and each type causes warts in a specific part of the body. Over 40 subtypes of HPV cause warts in the anogenital area, and these subtypes are the ones that cause the STD genital warts. (2) Taxomony of HPV includes SuperKingdom:Viruses, Family:Papovaviridae, Genus:Papillomavirus, and Species:Human Papillomavirus. (3)    Disease Transmission: ï¿½Genital warts are very contagious.ï¿½ HPV is passed on through genital contact, most often during vaginal and anal sex. HPV may also be passed on during oral sex and genital-to-genital contact. HPV can be passed on between straight and same-sex partnersï¿½even when the infected partner has no signs or symptoms. Very commonly people who have sexual contact with a partner who has genital warts will develop warts too. This usually occurs within 3 months of contact. (4) Very rarely, a pregnant woman with genital HPV can pass HPV to her baby during delivery. In these cases, the child can develop RRP or recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. (5, 9)   Reservoirs: Most HPV types infect the cutaneous epithelium and cause common skin warts, these usually effect the hands, face, or feet. About 40 types infect the mucosal epithelium; these are categorized according to their epidemiologic association with cervical cancer. These infect the genitalia. In women this is the cervix, vulva, or anus, and in men HPV will infect the anus, shaft of penis, and scrotum. (6)   Specific characteristics of MO: The capsid is composed of 72 morphological units, or capsomers. Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, meaning that the outer shell or cap s id of the virus is not covered by a lipid membr a ne. Like most non-enveloped viruses, the capsid is geometrically regular and presents icosahedral s y mmetry. The papillomavirus genome is a double-stranded circular DNA molecule with approximatly 8,000 base p airs in length. It is packaged within the L1 shell along with cellular hist o ne proteins, which serve to wrap and condense DNA. The papillomavirus capsid also contains a viral protein known as L2, which is less abundant. Although not clear how L2 is arranged within the virion, it is known to perform several important functions, including facilitating the packaging of the viral genome into basic virions as well as the infectious entry of the virus into new host cells. L2 is of interest as a possible target for more broadly protective HPV vaccines. (7)   Specific Tests for Identification: There are now several different tests that can be performed for idetification of HPV. A genital examination which may reveal flesh-colored to white, flat or raised, single or clustered lesions anywhere on the genitalia. In women, a pelvic examination may reveal growths on the vaginal walls or ce r vix. Magnification (colp o scopy) may be used to see lesions that are invisible to the naked eye.


"Which philosopher said that the life of man was ""solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short""?"

Solitary, Poor, Nasty, Brutish and Short Solitary, Poor, Nasty, Brutish and Short Wednesday, May 28, 2014 Myspace Ratified in 1789, the Constitution of the United States was written for a national population of four million; precisely the population of Los Angeles today. At that time, there was no army, no navy, no marine corps. Citizens were responsible for themselves, their villages, and their families. Their 18th-century muskets delivered a single shot. The Second Amendment to the Constitution was written for settlers in a wilderness. Now 380 million people live in this country, and half of them own guns, many of those guns capable of multiple shots. Our feeble gun control measures make buying a gun easier than renting a car. All the buyer need do is answer no when yes on the simple questionnaire could delay the sale. In 1651, more than a hundred years before our Constitution, the philosopher Thomas Hobbs wrote Leviathan, in which he defined the natural state of mankind before a central government is formed. No knowledge of the face of the earth, no account of time, no arts, no letters. No society, and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man; solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. Now we have a central government, but that central government has not protected us from continual fear and danger of violent death. Our schools, our universities, our theaters, our market centers, our airports, and virtually every public gathering place is vulnerable to vicious attack. Gun “rights” advocates believe and insist that “Only a gun can stop a gun”. Could any of these armed advocates have been present at the growing number of mass massacres — at exactly the right time and in the right place? Of course they could not and were not. Shall we close our schools, shutter our theaters, barricade our shops? Shall we revert to Hobbes’s natural state of mankind, or should we repeal the Second Amendment, created for an era that has not existed for four centuries and that could not have been conceived by the founders of this country? We must.


The Butcher bird is another name for which bird? T

The Last Word On Nothing | The macabre habits of the butcher bird The Last Word On Nothing By: Roberta Kwok | July 30, 2013 The remains of a horned lizard killed by a shrike. Wandering around New York’s American Museum of Natural History one day in May, I noticed a bird called the fiscal shrike. The small stuffed specimen, black with dashes of white on its wings, was perched on a shrub in a diorama of Kenya’s Kedong Valley. What an awful name for a bird, I thought. It sounded like a new budget-cutting initiative, or a particularly dire stage of an economic meltdown. It turns out that “fiscal shrike” is not the worst thing this bird has been called*. One of its nicknames is “ jacky hangman ”; its genus, Lanius, is also called “butcher bird.” Germans have dubbed a related shrike species “Neuntöter,” meaning “murderer with nine victims.” A fiscal shrike. Why such grisly names? Shrikes are famous for their unsavory habit of impaling prey on thorns, twigs, barbed wire, or whatever other sharp object happens to be handy. Many of their smaller victims, such as insects, are spiked while still alive. The shrike then rips into the carcass with its beak, often devouring the head first. Accounts of the shrike’s predatory practices read like something out of a horror movie. In a 1939 paper , one researcher describes a northern shrike that crushed an English sparrow’s vertebrae, speared the body on a sharp stump, and “pulled it with powerful jerks as if to make sure that it was well anchored, then began to eat it, tearing it into large pieces by seizing it with the hooked bill and jerking backward”. An earlier account , published in 1894, tells the tale of a shrike killing a meadow mouse “with admirable steadiness and coolness,” this time wedging the carcass into a forked branch. After eating its fill, the bird’s “forehead and throat were matted and soaked with blood, the breast was reddened perceptibly and the bill was almost wholly of a carmine tint.” A red-backed shrike with its murder weapons. An impaled insect is visible in the background. Some people have accused shrikes of impaling their victims out of sheer cruelty, especially since the birds sometimes do not even bother eating the spiked bodies. But James Whyte, a researcher from Houston, Texas, suggested another explanation in 1887. Since shrikes’ claws are not well-suited to ripping flesh, he wrote, driving a thorn through prey gives the bird “a greater purchase in tearing it to pieces”—rather like sticking a fork into a piece of steak. Another scientist, J.R. Watson, reported in 1910 that he saw a shrike in New Mexico eating the dried remains of lizards that had likely been skewered on a desert willow several weeks earlier. He hypothesized that this seemingly macabre practice allowed the meat to cure, similar to some people’s habit of hanging meat from a clothesline to dry it. And a study published in 1992 showed that loggerhead shrikes could eat normally-toxic grasshoppers by leaving them impaled for a day or two, enough time for the poisons to lose their potency. Perhaps what has given this behavior evolutionary staying power, however, is its attractiveness to mates . A male shrike will build up a “larder” of spiked carcasses to entice females, sometimes decorating his grisly pantry with eggshells, sacs of feces, and bread crusts. The stored prey later prove useful for feeding the mother and her young. And researchers have found that males with bigger larders find partners earlier and produce more fledglings . A chameleon tries to hide from a stuffed fiscal shrike. Shrikes also eat birds, mice, frogs, lizards, bees, grasshoppers, and worms. Shrikes also impale objects for less gruesome purposes. In Algeria, one scientist saw strings of dates on palm frond spikes that appeared to have been arranged by great grey shrikes, “rather like a cocktail sausage.” Other researchers have seen the birds use sharp objects to save or manipulate materials for building nests. One shrike, upon being offered a bit of wool, pinned it on a hawthorn bush; another pierced some twine  with barb


Which town in Italy is the home of violin making?

italian violin maker from Cremona Italy violinmaker - Violini di Cremona Italia Vittorio e Marcello Villa maestri liutai Latest update on November 12, 2016 P.I.:00849950191    P.I.: 01076010196 Questo sito NON utilizza cookie COOKIE FREE WEBSITE   Vittorio and Marcello Villa are Italian violin makers. In their workshop in Cremona, Italy, they make violins, violas, cellos, bowed baroque instruments according to Stradivari, Guarneri, Amati's violinmaking style.  Marcello and Vittorio Villa luthiers have also been teachers at IPIALL, the violinmaking school in Cremona. In the world there are many words that indicate the same job: violin maker, fiddle maker, luthier, geigenbauer, geigenmaker, etc.. The Italian word for luthier is liutaio. Violinmakers from Italy are considered the best in the world. Although many people make violins, only few are actually professional makers of fiddles. Marcello and Vittorio Villa are also well known as makers of inlaid decorated instruments (violini intarsiati). Have you ever seen a Villa violin, viola or cello? You can find their violins in many important classical music places in the world, sometimes even along with Stradivarius instruments: orchestras, string quartets, music schools and, of course this web site! CLICK AND ENJOY !   Both Marcello and Vittorio 's particular passion is reproduction of Stradivari and Amati inlaid instruments, which they believe to be the quintessence of artistic and technical perfection. Marcello Villa was born in Monza in 1965. He graduated in 1983 at the International School of Violin-making in Cremona, obtaining the highest possible merit in his final year. Marcello Villa was awarded in many violin making competitions as you can read in his web pages. His instruments distinguish themselves for many reasons: beauty and fine acoustics. For many years he has been dedicated to the reproduction of classical Italian instruments. He has made copies of instruments by Andrea Amati, Nicola Amati, Andrea Guarneri, Francesco Ruggeri, Guarneri del Ges�, Antonio Stradivari, all of which have been particularly appreciated in the U.S.A., Germany and Japan. Baroque-specialised musicians have shown great interest in his period instruments: viola d'amore, viola da gamba, pochette, lira da braccio, baroque violin, baroque viola, baroque cello. Vittorio   Villa was born in Monza in 1961. He has a Conservatory Diploma   in Violin playing and has performed as a violinist with important   Italian orchestras. He graduated in 1992 at the International School   of Violin-making in Cremona. Also teacher at the same institute, he   furthermore had the opportunity to research the aspects of physical   acoustics in the field of bowed instruments. It is due to this   background, both as a performer and as a researcher, that Vittorio   Villa's instruments are sought after by musicians for their sound   quality in addition to their fine workmanship. Vittorio was finalist in several Italian and international violin   making competitions (11� Concorso Citt� di Bagnacavallo, Triennale   degli strumenti ad arco A. Stradivari Cremona 1991 e 1997, Mostra   Concorso Comune di Baveno 1995). Since 1997 he decided to no longer participate in these   competitions, due to the unique characteristics of his antique   looking instruments that hardly suit the aesthetic rules usually   adopted in such violinmaking contests. Vittorio prefers being successful directly among musicians and it is   with this that many of his instruments are played by prestigious   musicians, themselves being often part of important orchestras   worldwide.


By which treaty was Gibraltar formally ceded to Great Britain in 1713?

Gibraltar: Background & Geography - Question.com Gibraltar: Background & Geography Gibraltar Background: Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. Geography Gibraltar Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain Geographic coordinates: 36 8 N, 5 21 W Map references:


SparkNotes: An Enemy of the People: Characters An Enemy of the People Henrik Ibsen Summary Act I Doctor Thomas Stockmann  -  A practicing medical doctor, the medical officer of the town baths, and the brother of the mayor, who got him the job at the baths. Stockmann is idealistic and excitable. For much of his life he was destitute and lived in the countryside; now he is happy to be fairly prosperous and living in a bustling town. Mrs. Katherine Stockmann  -  Dr. Stockmann's wife. She is loyal and practical and often encourages her husband to think of his family when he is being rash. Morten Kiil is her adoptive father, or grandfather, depending on translation. Petra Stockmann -  The daughter of Thomas and Katherine, Petra is as idealistic as her father. She is a hard-working teacher, and she is frustrated that the law requires her to teach things she doesn't believe in. Peter Stockmann  -  Peter is Dr. Stockmann's brother. He is also chairman of the baths committee. He is a cautious but sometimes ruthless politician. Hovstad -  Hovstad is editor of The People's Herald, the town's leftist newspaper. Although slightly corrupt, he is at heart a political radical. Aslaksen -  Aslaksen is the newspaper's printer. Because he lets the paper print on credit, he has a degree of editorial control. He is also the chairman of the homeowners association, which represents the town's small business class, the majority of voters. He also has great influence with the Temperance Society, and he is a lover of moderation. Billing -  An assistant at the newspaper, he is a radical, like Hovstad, but he is also ambitious and plans to run for office. He is in some way courting Petra. Captain Horster -  A ship captain who has little interest in local politics, Horster provides the hall for Doctor Stockmann's speech, but he is fired from his ship as a result. Morten Kiil -  A rich old man, Kiil owns several of the tanneries that Dr. Stockmann implicates in his water pollution report. He is the adoptive father or grandfather (depending on the translation) of Mrs. Stockmann, and his will assigns a good deal of wealth to her and her children. More Help


Which Beethoven Symphony was originally dedicated to Napoleon?

INS Scholarship 1998: The Eroica Riddle: Did Napoleon Remain Beethoven's "Hero?" The Eroica Riddle: Did Napoleon Remain Beethoven's "Hero?" Christopher T. George A Great Myth: Beethoven the Democrat vs. Napoleon the Tyrant In recording his memories of Ludwig van Beethoven, Ferdinand Ries set in stone one of the enduring myths of nineteenth century cultural history: That in 1804 the composer angrily revoked his planned dedication to Napoleon Bonaparte of his Third (Eroica) Symphony when he learned that Napoleon had declared himself Emperor. Ries recalled: In writing this symphony Beethoven had been thinking of Buonaparte, but Buonaparte while he was First Consul. At that time Beethoven had the highest esteem for him and compared him to the greatest consuls of ancient Rome. Not only I, but many of Beethoven�s closer friends, saw this symphony on his table, beautifully copied in manuscript, with the word "Buonaparte" inscribed at the very top of the title-page and "Luigi van Beethoven" at the very bottom. ...I was the first to tell him the news that Buonaparte had declared himself Emperor, whereupon he broke into a rage and exclaimed, "So he is no more than a common mortal! Now, too, he will tread under foot all the rights of man, indulge only his ambition; now he will think himself superior to all men, become a tyrant!" Beethoven went to the table, seized the top of the title-page, tore it in half and threw it on the floor. The page had to be re-copied and it was only now that the symphony received the title "Sinfonia eroica." [1] The essential truthfulness of Ries's recollection is confirmed by the biography by Anton Schindler, who served as assistant and unpaid secretary to Beethoven during the composer's last years. The former aide and confidante, though, names Ries and Count Moritz Lichnowsky as the joint bearers of the news "that Napoleon had allowed himself to be proclaimed Emperor of the French." [2] Each retelling of the Ries story continues the myth that Beethoven the Democrat excoriated Napoleon Bonaparte the Tyrant. Initially, intellectuals throughout Europe looked upon Napoleon as a hero-including German artists such as Goethe and Beethoven. However, as time went on, they were disillusioned. In a recent consideration of Napoleon's reputation in The New Yorker, Adam Gopnik reiterated the accepted myth when he wrote, "The most famous disillusionment [with Napoleon] is Beethoven's...." [3] Beethoven in 1804 On the surface, the scene described by Ries would seem to be the final word on Beethoven and Napoleon. However, as we will discuss, Beethoven's apparent disgust only seems irrevocable when seen out of context of his other known remarks regarding the French ruler following and even before the Ries incident. The truth turns out to be much more complicated than Ries implies. As we will examine, it was for practical and financial reasons that the composer could no longer publicly acknowledge Napoleon as the inspiration for the symphony. Thus, as published in October 1806, the symphony bore the name Eroica, with the subtitle, "per festeggiare il sovvenire di un grand Uomo" - "to celebrate the memory of a great man." Even so, as observed by Claude V. Palisca, "Beethoven never denied the existence of a live hero under the nameless cloak." And nor did Beethoven attempt to modify the elements in Eroica's Funeral March that resemble the great funeral compositions of the French Republic, works with which the composer was evidently familiar. Palisca believes the allusions to the music of the Revolution, Directory, and Consulate "must have been introduced in part to flatter Napoleon" and presumably to make the long, difficult symphony "more palatable" to the First Consul. We might add this must have presented quite a challenge. In terms of his musical tastes, Napoleon is reported to have preferred Italian opera and martial tunes. [4] According to Schindler, the idea of dedicating the symphony to Napoleon was suggested by then ambassador to Vienna Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte. However, the erratic Schindler dates Bernadotte's


Who wrote the music for Berthold Brecht's `The Beggars Opera'?

Bertolt Brecht - Bertolt Brecht Biography - Poem Hunter Bertolt Brecht - Bertolt Brecht Biography - Poem Hunter Biography of Bertolt Brecht Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht; was a German poet, playwright, and theatre director. An influential theatre practitioner of the 20th century, Brecht made equally significant contributions to dramaturgy and theatrical production, the latter particularly through the seismic impact of the tours undertaken by the Berliner Ensemble — the post-war theatre company operated by Brecht and his wife, long-time collaborator and actress Helene Weigel. Life and Career Bavaria (1898–1924) Bertolt Brecht was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, (about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of Munich) to a conventionally-devout Protestant mother and a Catholic father (who had been persuaded to have a Protestant wedding). His father worked for a paper mill, becoming its managing director in 1914. Thanks to his mother's influence, Brecht knew the Bible, a familiarity that would impact on his writing throughout his life. From her, too, came the "dangerous image of the self-denying woman" that recurs in his drama. Brecht's home life was comfortably middle class, despite what his occasional attempt to claim peasant origins implied. At school in Augsburg he met Caspar Neher, with whom he formed a lifelong creative partnership, Neher designing many of the sets for Brecht's dramas and helping to forge the distinctive visual iconography of their epic theatre. When he was 16, the First World War broke out. Initially enthusiastic, Brecht soon changed his mind on seeing his classmates "swallowed by the army". On his father's recommendation, Brecht sought a loophole by registering for an additional medical course at Munich University, where he enrolled in 1917. There he studied drama with Arthur Kutscher, who inspired in the young Brecht an admiration for the iconoclastic dramatist and cabaret-star Wedekind. From July 1916, Brecht's newspaper articles began appearing under the new name "Bert Brecht" (his first theatre criticism for the Augsburger Volkswille appeared in October 1919). Brecht was drafted into military service in the autumn of 1918, only to be posted back to Augsburg as a medical orderly in a military VD clinic; the war ended a month later. In July 1919, Brecht and Paula Banholzer (who had begun a relationship in 1917) had a son, Frank. In 1920 Brecht's mother died. Some time in either 1920 or 1921, Brecht took a small part in the political cabaret of the Munich comedian Karl Valentin. Brecht's diaries for the next few years record numerous visits to see Valentin perform. Brecht compared Valentin to Chaplin, for his "virtually complete rejection of mimicry and cheap psychology". Writing in his Messingkauf Dialogues years later, Brecht identified Valentin, along with Wedekind and Büchner, as his "chief influences" at that time: But the man he [Brecht writes of himself in the third person] learnt most from was the clown Valentin, who performed in a beer-hall. He did short sketches in which he played refractory employees, orchestral musicians or photographers, who hated their employers and made them look ridiculous. The employer was played by his partner, a popular woman comedian who used to pad herself out and speak in a deep bass voice. Brecht's first full-length play, Baal (written 1918), arose in response to an argument in one of Kutscher's drama seminars, initiating a trend that persisted throughout his career of creative activity that was generated by a desire to counter another work (both others' and his own, as his many adaptations and re-writes attest). "Anyone can be creative," he quipped, "it's rewriting other people that's a challenge." Brecht completed his second major play, Drums in the Night, in February 1919. In 1922 while still living in Munich, Brecht came to the attention of an influential Berlin critic, Herbert Ihering: "At 24 the writer Bert Brecht has changed Germany's literary complexion overnight"—he enthused in his review of Brecht's first play to be produced, Drums in the Night—"[he] has given o


Which British Army rank comes after Brigadier?

Ranks - British Army Website Ranks Ranks The rank system forms the backbone of the Army's structure and it defines a soldier or officer's role and degree of responsibility. Soldiers and Officers have different rank systems. Broadly speaking, officers have more leadership duties. However many Officers start off as soldiers, before gaining their commission. Officer Ranks This is the rank held during initial officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.   Second Lieutenant The first rank held on commissioning. It is normally held for up to 2 years, during which time they complete special to arms training relevant to their Corps. Afterwards they are responsible for leading up to 30 soldiers in a platoon or troop, both in training and on operations.   Lieutenant Lieutenant is a rank typically held for up to 3 years. They normally command of a platoon or troop of around 30 soldiers, but with experience comes increased responsibilities. They also have the opportunity to gain specialised skills outside their unit.   Captain Captains are normally made second-in-command of a sub-unit of up to 120 soldiers. They are key players in the planning and decision-making process, with tactical responsibility for operations on the ground as well as equipment maintenance, logistic support and manpower.   Major Promotion to Major follows between 8-10 years service. Typically a Major will be given command of a sub-unit of up to 120 officers and soldiers with responsibility for their training, welfare and administration both in camp and on operations, as well as the management of their equipment.   Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonels typically command units of up to 650 soldiers, containing four or five sub-units. They are responsible for the overall operational effectiveness of their unit in terms of military capability, welfare and general discipline. Typically a two-year appointment.   Colonel Colonels are not usually field commanders (except in the Royal Army Medical Corps) - typically they serve as staff officers between field commands at battalion/brigade level. It is the lowest of the staff ranks and they are the principal operational advisors to senior officers.   Brigadier (aka 1 star) Brigadier is not considered to be a General Officer rank by the British Army but rather a Field officer rank. Brigadiers can command a brigade or be a director of operational capability groups such as a director of staff.   Major General (aka 2 star) Major Generals command formations of division size and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, and hold senior staff appointments in the Ministry of Defence and other headquarters.   Lieutenant General (aka 3 star) Lieutenant Generals command formations of Corps size and other commands in the UK and overseas, and hold very senior staff appointments in the Ministry of Defence and other headquarters.   General (aka 4 star) Generals hold the most senior appointments - such as the Chief of Defence Staff, Vice Chief of Defence Staff, Chief of the General Staff , Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe, and Commander in Chief Land Forces.   Warrant Officer Class 2 (Company/Squadron Sergeant Major) This is a senior management role focussing on the training, welfare and discipline of a company, squadron or battery of up to 120 soldiers. WO2s act as senior adviser to the Major in command of the sub-unit and may also be selected for a commission as an Officer.   Warrant Officer Class 1 (Regimental Sergeant Major) The most senior soldier rank in the British Army, typically reached after 18 years of outstanding service. WO1s are the senior advisors of their unit's Commanding Officer, with leadership, discipline and welfare responsibilities of up to 650 officers and soldiers and equipment.


Which rank in the Royal Navy is the equivalent to the rank of Colonel in the British Army?

BBC Academy - Journalism - Military ranks Subject guides / Military Military ranks The ranks of the UK armed services can be confusing. The chart below - edited by Dr Duncan Anderson, head of war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst - sets out the equivalent ranks in the three UK services and the US Army. Guidance is provided by Sub Lt Max Cosby, Royal Navy. This page was last updated on 19/05/2015   Many journalists struggle to know their wing commander from their lieutenant commander, let alone where a US brigadier general comes in the pecking order. Strictly speaking, when the three UK armed forces are talked about in the same breath they should be listed in order of the seniority of the service: Royal Navy , British Army , Royal Air Force . Confusingly, the Royal Marines are part of the Royal Navy but use the rank structure of the British Army. To distinguish Royal Marines from their Army colleagues, their name should be followed by the words ‘Royal Marines’ or ‘RM’ - for example, ‘Lt Jack Smith Royal Marines’ or ‘Sgt Tom Brown RM’. To distinguish naval ranks from army ranks, such as captain and lieutenant, all Royal Navy officer ranks below admiral (midshipman all the way up to commodore) are followed by the words ‘Royal Navy’ or ‘RN’ - for example, ‘Lt Jack Smith Royal Navy’ or ‘Lt Jack Smith RN’. Officers The term ‘officer’ refers to someone with a commission. Warrant officers do not hold one. The same applies to Royal Navy chief petty officers and petty officers. And remember: the word ‘lieutenant’ should be pronounced ‘lef-tenant’ rather than the US ‘loo-tenant’.  Lining up equivalent ranks in the Royal Navy, British Army and Royal Air Force with their counterparts in the United States Army is not an exact science, so the chart below is intended as a rough guide only:


Shepton Dash in 1961 was the first dog to advertise which product?

Dulux Dog Celebrates 50 Years - The Inspiration Room Dulux Dog Celebrates 50 Years Duncan Macleod April 22, 2011 Dulux is marking 50 years of television advertising icon the Dulux Dog, with a new integrated advertising campaign developed at McCann London. Online at Dulux.co.uk and Facebook , the campaign celebrates the return of the Old English Sheepdog, a role he has played for Dulux since 1961. The Dulux dog was originally introduced to inspire the nation to decorate and help families make a home, rather than simply putting paint on the walls. Using the theme from the Littlest Hobo, our colourful friend travels Britain far and wide, popping in to visit people, giving them a helping paw and an encouraging bark. It’s all in the name of bringing colour into our homes. The campaign includes sale of soft toys, mugs, notebooks and a fleeceblanket. Click on the image below to play the 50 Years Dog video in YouTube The first Dulux dog, Shepton Dash, was used for the first time in 1961, and continued for eight years. The second Dulux dog, “Fernville Lord Digby”, starred in his own movie in 1973, Digby the Biggest Dog in the World, alongside Jim Dale and Spike Milligan, and was trained by famous dog trainer and TV personality Barbara Woodhouse. Duke took over the role in the early 1980s and continued through to 1986. Tanya Jedforest Magic Flute, the fourth dog, was the first female dog, followed by Dreamweaver Lorien’s Lament Pickle. The noughties sees the arrival of the current Dulux dog, Spud. Credits The 50 Years Dog campaign was developed at McCann London . Filming was shot by director Tom Connolly via Feel Films , London, with producer Nick Hirschkorn, director of photography Will Humphris. Editor was David Webb at Final Cut , London. Music is ‘Maybe Tomorrow’ by Terry Bush.


From which city do the groups Human League and Def Leppard originate?

Def Leppard's Joe Elliott & Rick Savage | Interviews | Tavis Smiley | PBS Podcast Music legends Savage (left) and Elliott (right) reflect on their careers with the English rock band Def Leppard. Joe Elliott and Rick Savage are still making the music that put their English group, Def Leppard, on the map. The pop-metal band has legions of fans around the world and has sold more than 100 million records worldwide. Both hailing from Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, the two bandmates came together when singer-songwriter-musician Elliott joined Atomic Mass, a group co-founded by bass guitarist Savage, a football/soccer talent who chose music as a career over professional sports. Savage has continued to rock with the band despite a Bell's Palsy diagnosis in the 90s. Elliott has worked with several side projects through his career, including the band, Down 'N' Outz. The still-mega-popular band has partnered with various military companies for a 42-city national tour to support U.S. troops. TRANSCRIPT Tavis Smiley: Good evening from Los Angeles. I’m Tavis Smiley. Tonight, a conversation with Joe Elliott and Rick Savage, two of the founding members of one of the most successful heavy metal bands, Def Leppard. 35 years after they came on the scene, they’re still going strong, now on tour with KISS. We’re glad you’ve joined us. A conversation with Joe Elliott and Rick Savage of Def Leppard coming up right now. [Walmart Sponsor Ad] Announcer: And by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you. Thank you. Tavis: Rick Savage and Joe Elliott, two of the founding members of Def Leppard, met as teenagers forming the band that is still going strong 35 years later. They’ve sold more than 100 million records worldwide and are currently touring with KISS. Let’s take a look at Leppard performing their hit song, “Pour Some Sugar on Me.” [Clip] Tavis: Joe and Rick, good to have you both here. Rick Savage: Thanks. Joe Elliott: Thank you. Tavis: Let me start by asking how a band navigates staying together 35 years? That’s a long time to be together, particularly given that there are always ups and downs in that process. Your drummer – at one point, a drummer loses his arm. You lose one band member to drug or alcohol overdose, and all the other challenges that come along notwithstanding. How do you stay together 35 years? Savage: It’s a good question [laugh]. It’s one of those things that your time just seems to fly by. We like each other. We’ve always had a respect for each other. We have similar tastes with similar people and it’s not hard work. I think that’s the essence of it, you know. There’s no big secret. It’s not a special thing. Tavis: You might like each other and that’s a start, which isn’t easy to like somebody for 35 years. You might like each other, but how do you not grow apart over that 35 years? Elliott: I think it’s just the fact that we had the common goal when we were kids. Coming from Sheffield which is a very industrial town in northern England, you’ve got two choices. You either just got sucked into the whole what your parents did and your grandparents did or we were just really looking – in the mid-70s there was like a kind of a new way of thinking coming along where kids would just go, “I don’t wanna do that,” you know. To a lot of people, it’s football, soccer, but any kind of sport gets them out of a bad situation or just an ongoing more of the same that their parents went through. I think when you get an opportunity to do something that you dearly love, like for us it was music, you just grasp it and you just don’t ever want to let go. I mean, that’s what it is. Tavis: How did music for you guys become the way out? Savage: The minute that you start hearing songs on the radio, a light bulb goes off in your head and you literally go, “I’d love to do that” or “I’d love to be in that band or just be part of something like that.” It’s when you meet as we did as teenagers, me and Joe, it just fuels the fire and it just makes you more determined to want to be something like that. ‘Cause you can sit on your ow


Clint Reno, Vince Everett and Danny Fisher are roles played in films by whom?

Elvis Presley - IMDb IMDb Soundtrack | Actor | Music Department Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Presley (née Gladys Love Smith) and Vernon Presley (Vernon Elvis Presley). He had a twin brother who was stillborn. In September 1948, Elvis and his parents moved to Memphis, Tennessee where he attended Humes High School. In 1953, he attended the senior prom ... See full bio » Born: "No Small Parts" IMDb Exclusive: 'Edge of Seventeen' Star Hailee Steinfeld Hailee Steinfeld has received critical acclaim for her role in the coming-of-age comedy The Edge of Seventeen . What other roles has she played over the years? Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 5 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. a list of 28 people created 22 Dec 2011 a list of 28 people created 29 Dec 2012 a list of 40 people created 10 Jul 2013 a list of 30 people created 04 Dec 2013 a list of 27 people created 11 months ago Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Elvis Presley's work have you seen? User Polls 3 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards  » Known For   Wear (writer: "Love Me Tender") ( completed )  2016/I Passengers (performer: "A Little Less Conversation (JXL Radio Edit Remix)")  2016 Bad Santa 2 (performer: "Santa Claus Is Back In Town") - Live Show 7: Movies Week (2016) ... (performer: "A Little Less Conversation" - uncredited)  2016 Lorraine (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Episode dated 13 October 2016 (2016) ... (performer: "Suspicious Minds", "Can't Help Falling in Love", "Wooden Heart" - uncredited)  2016 Mafia III (Video Game) (performer: "A Little Less Conversation" - uncredited)   Who's Doing the Dishes? (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2016) (writer - 1 episode, 2016) - Lesley Garrett (2016) ... (performer: "A Little Less Conversion", "Love Me Tender" - uncredited) / (writer: "Love Me Tender" - uncredited)  2016 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows (performer: "A Little Less Conversation (JXL Radio Edit Remix)")  2016 The Conjuring 2 (performer: "Can't Help Falling In Love")  2015-2016 Britain's Got More Talent (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes) - Episode #10.3 (2016) ... (performer: "Hound Dog" - uncredited) - Episode #9.4 (2015) ... (performer: "A Little Less Conversation (Junkie XL Remix)" - uncredited)  2015-2016 Britain's Got Talent (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes) - 2016: Auditions 3 (2016) ... (performer: "A Little Less Conversation", "Hound Dog" - uncredited) - 2015: Auditions 4 (2015) ... (performer: "A Little Less Conversation (Junkie XL Remix)" - uncredited)  2016 11.22.63 (TV Mini-Series) (performer - 2 episodes) - Soldier Boy (2016) ... (performer: "I Forgot to Remember to Forget") - The Kill Floor (2016) ... (performer: "It's Now or Never" - uncredited)  2016 Vinyl (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - The King and I (2016) ... (performer: "Polk Salad Annie")  2016 Ochéntame... otra vez (TV Series documentary) (writer - 1 episode) - ¡Más música, por favor! (2016) ... (writer: "Heartbreak Hotel")  2016 Fuller House (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Moving Day (2016) ... (performer: "Burning Love" - uncredited)  2016 Morgen hör ich auf (TV Mini-Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Zahltag (2016) ... (performer: "Always On My Mind", "Surrender" - uncredited)  2016 Dafabet Masters (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - 2016: Day 3, Part 2 (2016) ... (performer: "(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame" - uncredited)  2015/I Joy (performer: "A Little Less Conversation")  2015 Sheldon a jeho matka paní Levinová (TV Movie) (writer: "Love Me Tender")  2015 Mike & Mike (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes)   Gent de paraula (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2014) (writer - 1 episode, 2014) - Episode #4.19 (2014) ... (performer: "Love Me Tender") / (writer: "Love Me Tender")  2014 Somewhere Over the Rainbow (TV Movie documentary) (performer: "Love Me Tender" - uncredited) / (writer: "Love Me Tender" - uncredited)  2014 Guapas (TV Series) (writer - 2 episodes) - Algo tácito (2014) ... (writer: "Love Me Te


Justin Trudeau: who is Canada's new prime minister? | Politics | The Guardian Canada Justin Trudeau: who is Canada's new prime minister? Born while his father Pierre was prime minister, Canada’s new leader has taken a circuitous route to power Canadian Liberal leader Justin Trudeau steps off his campaign plane on election day in Montreal. Photograph: Paul Chiasson/AP Monday 19 October 2015 22.56 EDT Last modified on Tuesday 20 October 2015 17.01 EDT Share on Messenger Close Just a few months ago, Justin Trudeau was an unlikely contender to be Canada’s next prime minister. Running third in the polls , behind incumbent Stephen Harper’s Conservatives and the resurgent leftwing New Democratic party, Trudeau – son of legendary prime minister Pierre Trudeau – was slated as too young (he is 43) and too inexperienced to haul his beleaguered Liberal party out of the electoral mess of the 2011 general election. Canada election: Trudeau hails Liberal win as Harper steps down as leader – live Read more That result saw the Liberal party – once the dominant force in Canadian politics – slump to third place for the first time in its history, its worst ever showing with just 34 seats. At that point, Trudeau brushed off expectations that he would succeed outgoing Liberal leader Michael Ignatieff , saying: “Because of the history packaged into my name, a lot of people are turning to me in a way that … to be blunt, concerns me.” His family – he has three young children aged eight and under with his wife Sophie Grégoire – was also cited as a reason not to put himself forward. But by 2012, with other contenders falling by the wayside, the spotlight swung once again to Trudeau, and in October of that year he launched his bid with a rally in Montreal. His victory in April 2013 was almost embarrassingly comprehensive: he took over the Liberal party with 80.1% of the vote. The national polls – initially, at least – surged in his favour. ‘Canadians have spoken’, says new PM Justin Trudeau after election victory But the path to government proved rather rockier. Progressive voters were tempted by Thomas Mulcair’s New Democrats, while Harper’s unpopular Conservative government took heart from the surprise victory – attributed to “shy Tories” – of David Cameron’s party in the UK elections in May. Trudeau’s appeal to the centre ground risked losing out to both its neighbours. What changed? Harper’s tactics, referring to his challenger condescendingly as “Justin” and campaign ads that poked fun at his “nice hair”, found no grip among a section of the electorate that wanted the Conservatives out at all costs, and increasingly saw Trudeau as the best chance of achieving that. The long election campaign – the longest, in fact, since 1872, at 78 days – gave the Liberals the time to build on that boost. Trudeau told the Guardian in July that he relished it: “If there’s one thing that recent history in Canada has shown it’s that campaigns really matter. And there’s a tremendous volatility among voters who are just looking for the right alternative.” Pinterest Justin Trudeau with his wife Sophie Grégoire, and children Hadrien (left), Xavier (right) and Ella-Grace (front). Photograph: Christinne Muschi/Reuters Trudeau, for all his dynastic connections, aimed to be that alternative. Almost literally born to the role of prime minister – he was born in 1971, during his father’s first term – he took a circuitous route into political life, trying his hand at teaching, engineering, bungee-jumping coaching, environmental geography, charity boxing and acting, before ousting Bloc Québécois MP Vivian Barbot to become MP for Papineau in the 2008 general election. In 2000, at his father’s state funeral, Trudeau delivered a eulogy that stoked whispers of a dynasty that has now secured its place in Canadian history: “More than anything, to me, he was dad. And what a dad. He loved us with the passion and the devotion that encompassed his life. He taught us to believe in ourselves, to stand up for ourselves, to know ourselves and to accept responsibility for ourselves. “We kn


Who was the first Pope of the Roman Catholic Church?

The First 10 Popes of the Catholic Church Contact The First 10 Popes of the Catholic Church Listers, we’ve catalogued the first ten Vicars of Christ for the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. Save the information on our first pope – St. Peter – all the information presented is taken from the Catholic Encyclopedia and links for further reading are provided.   Painting of Saint Peter by Peter Paul Rubens depicting the saint as Pope (1611-1612) – Wikipedia 1. Pope St. Peter (32-67) St. Peter held a primacy amongst the twelve disciples that earned him the title “Prince of the Apostles.” This primacy of St. Peter was solidified when he was appointed by Jesus to the Office of the Vicar – demonstrated by Christ giving St. Peter the Keys to the Kingdom. To understand St. Peter, one must first understand Christ and the Church Christ came to establish. Jesus is the “Son of David” and his life and ministry fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies of the New Davidic Kingdom and New Jerusalem; hence, we look to the historic kingdom of King David as a guide to the New Davidic Kingdom. King David had a vicar that ruled his kingdom when David was absent  and the sign of authority for this vicar was the keys of the kingdom. In the New Davidic Kingdom, Christ the Son of David gave the keys to his Vicar to guide the Kingdom until the return of Christ – we now refer to this vicar as “the pope.”  SPL has written extensively on these issue in 10 Biblical Reasons Christ Founded the Papacy and 13 Reasons St. Peter Was the Prince of the Apostles . 2. Pope St. Linus (67-76) All the ancient records of the Roman bishops which have been handed down to us by St. Irenaeus, Julius Africanus, St. Hippolytus, Eusebius, also the Liberian catalogue of 354, place the name of Linus directly after that of the Prince of the Apostles, St. Peter. These records are traced back to a list of the Roman bishops which existed in the time of Pope Eleutherus (about 174-189), when Irenaeus wrote his book “Adversus haereses”. As opposed to this testimony, we cannot accept as more reliable Tertullian’s assertion, which unquestionably places St. Clement (De praescriptione, xxii) after the Apostle Peter, as was also done later by other Latin scholars (Jerome, Illustrious Men 15). The Roman list in Irenaeus has undoubtedly greater claims to historical authority. This author claims that Pope Linus is the Linus mentioned by St. Paul in his 2 Timothy 4:21. The passage by Irenaeus (Against Heresies III.3.3) reads: After the Holy Apostles (Peter and Paul) had founded and set the Church in order (in Rome) they gave over the exercise of the episcopal office to Linus. The same Linus is mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. His successor was Anacletus. We cannot be positive whether this identification of the pope as being the Linus mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:21 goes back to an ancient and reliable source, or originated later on account of the similarity of the name. [ Read More ] 3. Pope St. Anacletus (Cletus) (76-88) The second successor of St. Peter. Whether he was the same as Cletus, who is also called Anencletus as well as Anacletus, has been the subject of endless discussion. Irenaeus, Eusebius, Augustine, Optatus, use both names indifferently as of one person. Tertullian omits him altogether. To add to the confusion, the order is different. Thus Irenaeus has Linus, Anacletus, Clement; whereas Augustine and Optatus put Clement before Anacletus. On the other hand, the “Catalogus Liberianus”, the “Carmen contra Marcionem” and the “Liber Pontificalis”, all most respectable for their antiquity, make Cletus and Anacletus distinct from each other; while the “Catalogus Felicianus” even sets the latter down as a Greek, the former as a Roman. [ Read More ] 4. Pope St. Clement I (88-97) Pope Clement I (called CLEMENS ROMANUS to distinguish him from the Alexandrian), is the first of the successors of St. Peter of whom anything definite is known, and he is the first of the “Apostolic Fathers”. His feast is celebrated 23 November. He has left one genuine writing, a letter to th


Which greyhound won 32 consecutive races in the 1980s?

Betting On The Dogs - Greyhound History A he-goat also. Ancient Greece The Greeks probably bought their greyhounds from Egyptian merchants. There are depictions      of short-haired hounds almost identical to the modern greyhound on coins, vases and oil      bottles, as well as carvings of stone and ivory. The Greek gods were often shown with      greyhounds: Hecate, goddess of wealth, was sometimes accompanied by a hound, as was Pollux,      protector of the hunt. Ancient Rome The Romans would have got their greyhounds from either the Greeks or the Celts. The Roman      authors Ovid and Flavius Arrianus (Arrian) refer to them as ‘Celt-hounds’. The Romans used      greyhounds for the sport of coursing, in which the greyhound’s speed and agility are pitted      against that of the hare. In AD124 Arrian wrote about a greyhound bitch that he bred: ‘a      swift, hard-working, courageous, sound-footed dog, and she proves a match at any time for      four hares.’ Arrian’s ‘Treatise on the Greyhound’ was discovered in the library of the Vatican,      and published in English in 1831. This is how he describes the ideal greyhound: ‘First, let      them stand long from head to stern….let them have light and well-knit heads…let the neck be      long, rounded and supple…Broad breasts are better than narrow, and let them have shoulder      blades standing apart and not fastened together…loins that are broad, strong not fleshy, but      solid with sinew…flanks pliant…Rounded and fine feet are the strongest.’ It is said that Diana, Roman goddess of hunting, gave a greyhound named Lelaps to her      friend Procris. Out hunting, Lelaps and Procris spotted a hare and Lelaps gave chase. However      the gods, watching from above, didn’t want the hare to be caught, and so turned Lelaps and the      hare to stone. This story is commonly depicted in Roman art. Arab tradition Arabs have kept greyhound-type dogs for thousands of years. The Saluki, which almost certainly      derives from the same gene pool as the greyhound, is revered. The Koran permits the followers      of Islam to eat game killed by hawks or Salukis, but not by other dogs. The Saluki was the      only dog allowed by the Arabian Bedouin to share their tents or ride on their camels. Middle Ages It is believed that the Celts introduced the greyhound into Britain from Asia, though the precise      date is not known. A ninth century AD illuminated manuscript in the British Museum has a picture of       a Saxon chief, Elric of Mercia, accompanied by a pair of greyhounds. What we do know is that in the      early years of the tenth century King Canute brought in the Forest Laws, under which large areas of      Britain were reserved for hunting by the aristocracy. Only nobles could own a greyhound; any ‘meane      person’ (commoner) caught with a greyhound would be severely punished, and the dog’s toes mutilated      so that it could not hunt. Commoners brave enough to break the Forest Laws tended to favour greyhounds      whose colouring made them difficult to see: black, fawn or red (a bronzy fawn). Greyhounds were used      for hunting not only small game, but wolves and wild boar. Their value to their aristocratic owners      was such that the intentional killing of a greyhound was considered to be ‘equaly criminal with the      murder of a fellow man’. Greyhounds were also accepted in lieu of debts: in 1203 King John received      payment of a fine made up of money, horses and greyhounds. The greyhound, though highly esteemed, was not immune to the privations of the Middle Ages; in times      of famine the breed suffered and at times was close to extinction. The monasteries played a role in      their survival: monks protected greyhounds, and bred them for the nobility. In the thirteenth century      Vincent of Beauvais identified three types of dog: hunting dogs with drooping


The Starlight Barking was a 1967 sequel to which children's novel?

The Starlight Barking: Dodie Smith: 9780434964017: Amazon.com: Books The Starlight Barking Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Next Special Offers and Product Promotions Editorial Reviews About the Author Born in Lancashire in 1896, Dorothy Gladys "Dodie" Smith was the most successful female dramtist of her generation; and her first novel, I Capture the Castle (Atlantic-Little, Brown, 1948). Dodie Smith died in 1990. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . New York Times best sellers Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more Product Details Publisher: Heinemann Young Books (October 1967) Language: English Product Dimensions: 8.4 x 5.5 x 0.7 inches Shipping Weight: 12 ounces By Hokimo on August 19, 2016 Format: Kindle Edition|Verified Purchase It's not as good as 101 Dalmations but still a good book. It was nice to be able to read more about the dogs. A good bedtime storybook. By kym oldham on October 12, 2010 Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase anyone who was a fan of the original story of 101 Dalmations (the one by Dodie Smith) will know this book. it's been out of print for many years, but some smart person got it re-issued. to that person, I owe a great deal of thanks. I've been looking for it for years. and finally, here it is. great story that I loved as a kid, and still love all these years later. very cool and magical. By Diane DeBard on August 25, 2014 Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase I read this book when I was a little girl and this book has the original pictures that I remembered! I LOVE IT!!!! Thank you for bringing back so many childhood memories of sitting and reading this book! By lizzie on February 4, 2016 Format: Kindle Edition|Verified Purchase Very strange... But my kids quite liked it nonetheless By Kayla on October 3, 2012 Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase I'm so happy with this book. I usually hate it when they make sequels to classics such as 101 Dalmatians but this is a valid exception because it was rather good. By Clare O'Beara on May 21, 2013 Format: Paperback The dog heroes of 101 Dalmatians are back in this good sequel. If you haven't read the first book, it isn't necessary except to explain why there are so many of one breed of dog living in one place, and to introduce the characters. In this tale the dogs in London wake up to find that humans, cats and other creatures are all sleeping peacefully and can't be woken but doors just open, other dogs are running floatily about and nobody is hungry. The dogs communicate normally by Twilight Barking and in this they realise that it is the Dog Days of summer, when Sirius the Dog Star is visible, so that is the cause of the title Starlight Barking. Dogs accumulate in Downing Street where Pongo and Missis find their daughter Cadpig was adopted by the Prime Minister and consequently is now supposed by dogs to be running the country. She is entertaining gentledogs from all over and doesn't know any more than they do. Sirius then brings a message for all dogs on earth. This is a definite fantasy or SF book which even at the time I knew was not in line with natural dog behaviour. This can be bought as a duet with the original tale. Readers of the right age may also enjoy 'A Dog So Small' by Phillipa Pearce, a more serious tale of a boy in London who wishes for a dog. By RuthSophia on May 25, 2015 Format: Paperback I loved 101 Dalmatians (the book & the cartoon Disney adaption, though it differs from the book in many ways), and was excited to find out there was sequel. Unfortunately, the book is basically just one big disappointment. Sure you have the same characters, but it's very mystical filled with telepathy and being able to do thin


What is formed by the confluence of the Ouse and Trent rivers?

River Ouse | Article about River Ouse by The Free Dictionary River Ouse | Article about River Ouse by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/River+Ouse Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Ouse (o͞oz). 1 Also Great Ouse, river, c.155 mi (250 km) long, rising in the Northampton Highlands, Northamptonshire, S central England. The Great Ouse flows generally NE past Bedford and Ely to the Wash near King's Lynn, Norfolk, and drains the E Midlands and the W Fens. It is navigable for two thirds of its length. 2 River, c.60 mi (100 km) long, formed by the confluence of the Ure and Swale rivers near Boroughbridge, North Yorkshire, NE England. It flows generally SE past York to join with the Trent River and form the Humber River. All of its chief tributaries rise in the Pennines Pennines or Pennine Chain, mountain range, sometimes called the "backbone of England," extending c.160 mi (260 km) from the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border to the Peak District in Derbyshire. ..... Click the link for more information. . Navigable to York, the Ouse is an important commercial waterway. Ouse   (Great Ouse), a river in Great Britain, in southeastern England. The Ouse has a length of 256 km and drains an area of 7,600 sq km. The river has an even flow and empties into The Wash, an embayment of the North Sea; there is a sandbar at the mouth. The lower course is influenced by tides. Fed by rain, the Ouse has a mean flow rate of approximately 40 cu m per sec. A system of locks extends over a considerable portion of the river’s length, straightening the course. The Ouse is navigable upstream as far as Huntington. Near the mouth lies the city of King’s Lynn. Ouse   (Yorkshire Ouse), a river in Great Britain, in northeastern England. The Ouse, which is formed by the confluence of the Swale and Ure rivers, has a length of 195 km from the source of the Swale and drains an area of approximately 11,000 sq km. Rising in the Pennine Mountains, it merges with the Trent River to form the estuary of the Humber River on the North Sea. The Ouse is fed by rain and has a mean flow rate of approximately 180 cu m per sec. It is navigable upstream as far as York. The cities of York and Selby are located on the river; the seaport of Hull lies near its mouth. Ouse 1. a river in E England, rising in Northamptonshire and flowing northeast to the Wash near King's Lynn; for the last 56 km (35 miles) follows mainly artificial channels. Length: 257 km (160 miles) 2. a river in NE England, in Yorkshire, formed by the confluence of the Swale and Ure Rivers: flows southeast to the Humber. Length: 92 km (57 miles) 3. a river in S England, rising in Sussex and flowing south to the English Channel. Length: 48 km (30 miles)


Valentine, Glaskins Perpetual and Hawke's Champagne are varieties of which food plant?

Brandy Carr Nurseries - leading producers of Yorkshire Rhubarb & Yorkshire Liquorice Plants. Brandy Carr Nurseries Rhubarb Liquorice Producers of Yorkshire Rhubarb and Yorkshire Liquorice plants. We hold the largest collection of rhubarb varieties, both culinary and ornamental, in West Yorkshire. Contact Details Rhubarb varieties growing at our Nursery The following is a list of the varieties we have growing at our nursery. They are not all available at present as some of the rare varieties are limited stocks. Culinary Varieties     "I would like to dedicate this website to my mother, Joy Asquith and my father, Norman Asquith, he was a leading light within the rhubarb industry. Without their determination and drive I would not be where I am today." - Ben Asquith, Owner Content © 2007-2013 Brandy Carr Nurseries, Wakefield, West Yorkshire. Web Site Design © 2007-2013 2graphic.co.uk


What is the name of the diacritical mark in Spanish which is placed over a letter 'n' to soften its pronunciation, e.g. in the word 'señor'?

tilde - definition and meaning tilde Definitions from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition n. A diacritical mark ( ~ ) placed over the letter n in Spanish to indicate the palatal nasal sound (ny), as in cañon, or over a vowel in Portuguese to indicate nasalization, as in lã, pão. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License n. The grapheme of character ~. n. A key found on some types of keyboards. n. The character used to represent negation, usually ~ or ¬. from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English n. The accentual mark placed over n, and sometimes over l, in Spanish words [thus, ñ, �], indicating that, in pronunciation, the sound of the following vowel is to be preceded by that of the initial, or consonantal, y. from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia n. A diacritic mark (˜) placed over the letter n in Spanish to indicate that it is sounded as a palatal n, or very nearly like n followed by y, as in señor, pronounced sã˙nyôr′ , cañon, pronounced känyôn′ , and hence in English written canyon. from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. n. a diacritical mark (~) placed over the letter n in Spanish to indicate a palatal nasal sound or over a vowel in Portuguese to indicate nasalization Etymologies


What was ended by the Treaty of Vereeniging?

Treaty of Vereeniging | Voices Education Project Voices Education Project Words & Violence Treaty of Vereeniging The Treaty of Vereeniging (commonly referred to as Peace of Vereeniging) was the peace treaty, signed on 31 May 1902, that ended the South African War (Second Anglo-Boer War) between the alliance of the South African Republic and the Republic of the Orange Free State and the British Empire on the other. This settlement provided for the end of hostilities and eventual self-government to the Transvaal (South African Republic) and the Orange Free State as colonies of the British Empire. The Boer republics agreed to come under the sovereignty of the British Crown and the British government agreed on various details. Signatories For the United Kingdom, His Excellency Lord Milner, High Commissioner and Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, who signed the treaty as "Kitchener of Khartoum". For the Government of the South African Republic, Messrs Schalk W. Burger, F.W. Reitz, Louis Botha, J. H. de la Rey, L.J. Meyer, and J.C. Krogh. For the Government of the Orange Free State, Messrs C.R. de Wet, J.B.M. Hertzog, C.H. Olivier and WCJ Bebner. The signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging at Melrose House, Pretoria, on 31 May 1902 by Douglas Macpherson The Treaty in Summary This settlement entailed the end of hostilities and the surrender of all Boer forces and their arms to the British, with the promise of eventual self-government to the Transvaal (South African Republic) and the Orange Free State as colonies of the British Empire. The Boer republics agreed to come under the sovereignty of the British Crown and the British government agreed on various details including the following: All Boer fighters of both republics had to give themselves up All combatants would be disarmed Everyone had to swear allegiance to the Crown No death penalties would be dealt out A general amnesty would apply The use of Dutch (later Afrikaans) would be allowed in the schools and law courts. To eventually give the Transvaal and the Orange Free State self-government (civil government was granted in 1906 and 1907, respectively). To avoid discussing the native (Black) enfranchisement issue until self-government had been given. To pay the Afrikaners £3,000,000 in reconstruction aid. Property rights of Boers would be respected No land taxes would be introduced Registered private guns would be allowed Subsequent to the British government giving the Boer colonies self-government, the Union of South Africa was created on 31 May 1910. The Union gained relative independence under the 1926 Imperial Conference and the 1931 Statute of Westminster. The country became a republic in 1961 therefore severing all connections with Great Britain. Although the treaty is named after the town of  Vereeniging  in Transvaal, where the peace negotiations took place, the document was actually signed at Melrose House in Pretoria.


The first Butlin's holiday camp opened in 1936 in which resort?

History of Butlins | Our Beliefs and Colourful Story | Butlins YouTube The Butlin's Story We have a history that scans back 80 years. Take a look at how Butlin’s history unfolds and explore how Billy Butlin started his career as a travelling showman, progressed into holiday camps and grew his business into the iconic brand that it is today. Oh, what delightful times we’ve had! 1930s • Skegness opened on 11 April 1936 and within a year it had doubled in size; it was officially opened by Amy Johnson, the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia. Two years later Billy Butlin's chose Clacton-on-Sea for his second camp. 1940s • To help with the war efforts, Billy’s existing camps were given over to the government. Clacton became an Army camp and Skegness became HMS Royal Arthur. Billy was already building a new resort at Filey but was asked to finish it so that it could be used by the military too, and he was also asked to locate and build another two camps at Ayr and Pwllheli, both of which he bought back at the end of the war. 1950s • Indoor heated pools designed to be used ‘whatever the weather’ opened at Ayr, Clacton, Pwllheli and Skegness. And after holidaying in the Caribbean, Billy sees a gap in the market and opens Butlin's Bahamas! 1960s • A further three resorts opened, at Bognor Regis (1960), Minehead (1962) and Barry Island (1966). The 1960s also saw the famous monorails brought to Skegness and Minehead, and other new innovations being opened on the camps including chairlifts, a pool with underwater viewing windows and revolving bars! 1970s • As people fell in love with holidaying abroad, the specialness of the British seaside became lost and the idea of ‘holiday camps’ faded. The Butlin family sold the business to the Rank Organisation. 1980s • 1980, a very sad start to the year for Butlin's as Billy passes away. His funeral precession is lined with Redcoats. In 1986 new Water Worlds are built at the remaining resorts. Then in 1989 our Redcoats receive a new uniform designed by Zandra Rhodes. 1990s • The new owners tried to reverse the downturn by building new accommodation and entertainment venues but sadly Mosney, Filey, Clacton and Barry Island all had to be sold, and Ayr and Pwllheli were transferred to Haven. 1999 saw the magnificent and renowned Skyline Pavilions built across all three resorts to cater for the unpredictable Great British weather. 2000s • The new millennium saw Butlin's bought by Bourne Leisure Holdings. In 2003, our beloved Billy Bear character made his debut, and a year later The Spa in Skegness opened. 2005 saw the very exciting completion of our first on-resort hotel, The Shoreline at Bognor Regis, and after it's success our second hotel, the Ocean Hotel, was built in 2009. 2010s • Bognor Regis welcomed it's third hotel, The Wave Hotel in 2012, and a new swimming complex is built at Skegness in 2013. The following year, a new break designed Just For Tots is launched and Butlin's partners with Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital. Last year our West Lakes chalet village in Minehead was opened, as well as our new Seaside Apartments in Skegness. New breaks such as the Astonishing Family Science Weekend, Horrible Histories and Diversity were introduced.


What is the only Scrabble tile with a value not shared by any others?

Stefan Fatsis is the author of Word Freak and A Few Seconds of Panic  and is a panelist on Hang Up and Listen . Follow him on Twitter. Any Scrabble player can tell you that the X is actually worth eight points. But as Butts was creating the game, in a fifth-floor walkup in Queens, he tinkered—with the layout of the board, with the total number of tiles, with their distribution, and with their respective point values. “It’s not hit or miss,” Butts said long afterward. “It’s carefully worked out.” Seventy-five years later, Butts’ carefully worked out point values are under attack. Late last month, a University of California–San Diego, cognitive science postdoc and casual player named Joshua Lewis conducted a computer analysis to recalibrate Scrabble’s letter values based on the game’s current lexicon. Lewis reposted his findings to Hacker News, and they were picked up by Digg and went viral. Around the same time, Sam Eifling, writing for Deadspin, asked a programmer friend to do the same . Both were inspired by the fact that while the language had changed dramatically from the time Butts performed his calculations, the game of Scrabble had not. Advertisement It’s a fair observation. Since Scrabble was adopted in chess parlors in New York in the 1950s, competitive players have dissected its strategic quirks. One early realization was that short words have outsized value, so players scoured the preferred source (the now-defunct Funk & Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary) and compiled lists of two- and three-letter words. They also recognized that the most common letters showed up in a lot of words, so they recorded and memorized seven- and eight-letter words—ones that would earn the 50-point bonus for using all seven tiles at once—that contained A, E, I, N, R, S, and T, among other single-point letters. You didn’t need a computer to see that the Q, though worth the most points, was a pain in the rack but the Z not so much. Since the publication in 1978 of the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, a compilation of several standard college dictionaries, the game’s word list has grown by tens of thousands of words. From a playing vantage, the addition of QI (a Chinese life force) and ZA (short for pizza) in the last lexicon update, in 2006, were game-changers. Players feared the new words would cheapen Scrabble, boosting scoring and elevating the role of chance. It didn’t happen. The Q became less of a hindrance, a slightly fairer tile than before, and players adjusted strategy to account for the new gimmes. That need to adjust validates Lewis’ and Eifling’s suspicion that the values assigned to letters aren’t in perfect harmony with the frequency of their use in English or in its narrower subset, the Scrabble word list. The two approached the problem differently. Eifling and software developer Kyle Rimkus totaled the number of letters in Scrabble-eligible words (1.58 million), isolated the frequency of each letter, and then calculated how overvalued or undervalued each letter was compared to its existing point value. Lewis’ approach was more complicated. He weighted letters not only by appearance in the Scrabble lexicon but also by the frequency with which they appear in words of different lengths (with emphasis on two-, three-, seven-, and eight-letter words) and by their ability to “transition” into and out of other letters. The findings don’t differ much. In both analyses, the values of about half the letters change by one or two points. One or the other found that B, C, F, H, K, M, P, X, Y, and Z are overvalued, which makes some intuitive sense. For instance, the X (eight points) and the Z (10) can be easy money, especially since they occur in a number of short words; bumping them down to six points apiece is a logical move. Similarly, the H was set by Butts at four points, but it now appears in nine two-letter words and combines beautifully with other letters, while the M appears in 12 two-letter words. Living-room players detest the C, but they haven’t studied seven- and eight-letter “bingos,” in which C’s abound. The c


What was the first name of the French artist Poussin (1594-1665)?

Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594 - 1665) - The Athenaeum Nicolas Poussin Add this person to favorites Remove this person from favorites Favorite people This person is associated with: Baroque , Classicism French classical painter. Poussin was born in Les Andelys, a small town on the Seine, about 32 kilometres from Paris.  In 1612 at the age of 18 years he made his first contact with contemporary art through the arrival in his home town of a minor artist, Quentin Varin, who had been commissioned to paint three altarpieces for the town church. Poussin later moved to Paris where he was able to study classical art before moving to Rome in 1624 where he encountered antique buildings and Renaissance art.  He had previously met the poet Giambattsita Marino who commissioned some drawings from Poussin;  this led him into the circle of Cassiano del Pozzo who was to become his most faithful patron during his early years in Rome.  Pozzo was a man of wide interests, including the natural sciences as well as art history and his contacts included Galileo and Kepler.  Poussin was able to acquire a wide range of knowledge which was rare, if not unique, among artists at that time and this was reflected in his paintings.  For 15 years Poussin was primarily dependent for his commissions on Pozzo and his circle. In 1628 Poussin received a commission for an altarpiece in St Peter's (the Matyrdom of St Erasmus now in the Pinacoteca Vaticana).  With only measured success Poussin concentrated on small canvases.  Poussin's work however matured over the next years due to the works of art that he saw around him. Ancient sculptures exercised a profound effect on his mind and in the 1620s and 1630s Titian's work was of equal importance to the artist.  In 1639 Poussin received an invitation to return to France to work for Louis XIII and he arrived in Paris in 1640.  But this was not a success and after two years he returned to Rome where he spent the remainder of his life.  He became more of a recluse and had built up a small but faithful clientele of Roman and Parisien friends who provided him with many commissions.  By this time his style had drifted from Titian to Raphael and the antique as objects of his admiration and imitation.   He died in 1665 and was revered by all art lovers in Rome and France.  Poussin's paintings and principles were to remain a standard for the long line of classical artists that followed right into the 19th and 20th centuries, amongst them, Claude Gelée (Lorrain) and the major neo-classical artists in France, including David and Ingres. During the 1630s, Poussin collaborated with Jean Lemaire who painted several landscapes of his works. Nicolas Poussin painted at least 250 canvases. Bibliography: Jacques Thuillier, Poussin, Paris, Flammarion, 1994. Pierre Rosenberg & Louis-Antoine Prat, Nicolas Poussin 1594– 1665. Catalogue raisonné des dessins, Milan, Leonardo, 1994. External links:


For what product is the city of Carrara in Italy most famous?

Massa Carrara - Tuscany - Discover Italy Discover Italy Ai Weiwei at Palazzo Strozzi Florence hosts one of the giants of contemporary art Video Valdobbiadene: Drink in the Scenery For connoisseurs, Valdobbiadene is absolutely synonomous with Prosecco. Nestled between the Alpine foothills and the River Piave, the zone can be... Read more Varenna, the Village on the Lake Varenna, a magnificent fishing village on the shores of Lake Como, dates back to the 11th Century. Those that walk its streets and pass by its... You are in  Home  /  Discover Italy  /  Tuscany  / Massa Carrara Massa Carrara What to Do What to Taste The Province of Massa-Carrara is situated on the border with Liguria and Emilia Romagna, and is characterized by an extensive coastal area rich in tourist accommodation structures and modern sea resorts.  A short distance from the sea, the Apuan Alps are a paradise for nature lovers and excursionists, both in summer and in winter, offering the possibility to stay in comfortable mountain refuges.  The spectacular white marble caves in the heart of these mountains are unique in the world and reveal themselves as a gleaming vision before the visitor's eyes. Entering the mountain's heart, one can touch the same precious stony elements preferred by artists like Michelangelo and Canova.  Arriving from the north, one reaches Lunigiana, embedded within two natural parks (of the Apuan Alps and the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines). Lunigiana offers many interesting culinary itineraries and holidays in prestigious agritouistic structures, engulfed among green hills, castles, romantic pievi (Romanesque abbey churches) and elegant towns including Pontremoli, Fivizzano and Aulla.  On the coast lie  Carrara , with its Cathedral entirely built out of marble, and Massa , dominated by the Malaspina fortress. Both old town centers are ideal for walks during which one can admire the local art and shop at the same time.  All this is just a few miles from the wide beaches of the Apuan Coast, an ideal extension of Versilia that is comprised of Cinquale di Montignoso, Poveromo, Ronchi, Marina di Massa and Marina di Carrara.  The first stop on any tour of the Province must be  Massa  itself, nestled between green hills at the feet of the  Apuan Alps .  Within the old town one finds the Medieval quarter, made up of narrow, winding streets, and the 16th-Century section, built by the Cybo Malaspinas, the area's nobles in those days. The Cathedral and the Palazzo Ducale of Cybo Malaspina (16th-17th Centuries) are of particular interest.  Another center of major historical and artistic interest is  Carrara , known internationally as the "city of marble," surrounded by the white bastion of the Apuan Alps, where intense mining and stonework is carried out. In addition to valuable monuments that include the Cathedral and its Romanesque-Gothic façade, the 16th-Century Cybo Malaspina residence, and the majestic Palazzo delle Logge, Carrara also offers educational excursions regarding the local marble at the Museo Civico del Marmo (Marble Museum) and the sculptors' and artists' workshops present nearby.  The tour should then continue outside the city for a visit to the extremely impressive marble quarries, such as the Cava Museo di Fantiscritti. In the village of Campocecina, visitors can admire the Parco della Memoria and the Cava dei Poeti, where the quotations of illustrious persons and poets were engraved into the walls for the 2002 Biennale.  Lunigiana offers a unique itinerary for discovering enchanting villages, beginning with Fosdinovo, dominated by a Medieval castle. In Aulla is the majestic Brunella Fortress, constructed at the beginning of the 14th Century (its name derives from its distinctive color); and the Museum of Natural History. Crossing the Passo del Cerreto, travelers arrive in Fivizzano, with its ancient walls and  Museo della Stampa (Print Museum). Do not miss the Abbey Church of Sorano, near Filattiera - a treasured Romanesque monument with a striking apse - set amidst a pristine environment.  Pontremoli is found in high Lunigi


SparkNotes: Michelangelo Buonarroti: Family, Childhood, and Artistic Germination (1475–1489) Family, Childhood, and Artistic Germination (1475–1489) Family, Childhood, and Artistic Germination (1475–1489) → Important People and Terms In the Medici Palace (1490–1494) The artist we know as Michelangelo was born Michelangiolo di Lodovico di Lionardo Buonarroti-Simoni on March 6, 1475, in Caprese, Italy, about forty miles from his family's native Florence. Michelangelo's father Lodovico Buonarroti was podesta, a position roughly equivalent to mayor, of the towns Caprese and Chiusi. This was an important position for Lodovico, as he was descended from a wealthy old Florentine family whose claims to nobility respectability had slowly disappeared. The change in the family fortune's left Lodovico Buonarroti resentful and proud, and he was often unemployed, which greatly embarrassed his son. Lodovico's term as podesta expired when Michelangelo was only about a month old, and the family returned to their run- down ancestral home in Florence, where Michelangelo was promptly put out to wet- nurse by his mother, Francesca di Neri. Michelangelo later joked, in an effort to distance himself from his family and establish his divine inspiration, that he absorbed his early talent for sculpture through the milk of his wet-nurse, who came from a family of stonemasons. Michelangelo's mother died when he was only six years old, which means that he barely knew her, especially since his wet-nurse also served as a nanny and foster-mother. Michelangelo's biographers and critics point to this lack of a strong maternal figure, coupled with Michelangelo's embarrassment over his irresponsible father, as a possible reason for the artist's complex relationships with women, and even as a source of his homosexuality. Throughout his life, Michelangelo felt deeply ashamed of his family's disgraceful decline and his humble origins, and he was often forced to aid his father financially later in his life. He only felt close to his younger brother Buonarroto, with whom he kept in close contact. Michelangelo attended a local school run by a man named Francesco da Urbino for several years, and his self-consciousness about his lack of formal education would later prompt him to tell stories about ignoring his education to pursue drawing. In 1488, Michelangelo befriended an older local boy named Francesco Granacci, who was an apprentice in the studio of Domenico and David Ghirlandaio, two well-known Florentine painters. The thirteen-year-old Michelangelo joined the studio as an apprentice, and there he learned fresco painting and began to draw compulsively, copying works by Early Renaissance masters Giotto, Masaccio, and Schongauer. Although Michelangelo displayed prodigious talent and an incredible visual memory, Lodovico Buonarotti did not understand his son's preoccupation with art and often punished him for it. Eventually, however, Lodovico conceded to his son's decided vocation, especially when the Ghirlandaio brothers paid both father and son for Michelangelo's work. Michelangelo did not get along with Domenico Ghirlandaio, and in 1489 he moved on to the sculpture school of Bertoldo di Giovanni, a student of Donatello and an influential friend and art curator for Lorenzo de' Medici, "the Magnificent." There Michelangelo honed his sculptural skills in clay and marble, copying Classical works that impressed Lorenzo the Magnificent himself. Even as a boy, Michelangelo was difficult, sensitive, and boastful, and at one point a jealous older student broke his nose, leaving Michelangelo slightly disfigured for the rest of his life. More Help


Who sculpted the figure of Eleanor Rigby in Liverpool's Stanley Street?

Eleanor Rigby's statue Let me take you down to Eleanor Rigby's statue Why? Because the Eleanor Rigby is a monument by the Liverpudlians to "all the lonely people", as Paul's song reflected. It's also conveniently placed close to Mathew Street , so you shouldn't miss the chance of paying her a visit. Where? The statue is placed in Stanley Street, a couple of blocks from Mathew Street, and you'll see it on one of the sidewalks. As always, you can take a look at the map . What You Should Know The statue was sculptured in 1982 by pop singer Tommy Steele, as a tribute to the Beatles. A plaque next to the  monument dedicates it 'To All The Lonely People' Of course, Eleanor Rigby is a fictional character, although a grave was found near St Peter's Church in Woolton (where Paul met John) with the name Eleanor Rigby on it. Miscellanea Inside the bronze sculpture   are a four leaf clover representing Nature a page of the Bible representing Spiritual Matters a football sock representing Leisure a 'Dandy' and 'Beano' comic representing Comedy four sonnets representing Romance.


Which of the United States was the 14th to join the Union (i.e. the first to join after the original 13)?

The 14th State - Vermont Historical Society Vermont Historical Society Copy and paste this citation to show where you did your research. The style of this citation is Turabian. Vermont Historical Society. "The 14th State." Vermont History Explorer. http://vermonthistory.org/explorer/vermont-stories/becoming-a-state/the-14th-state (accessed January 6, 2017). Why did it take 14 years before Vermont became part of the United States? In 1777, the thirteen colonies were fighting the Revolutionary War with England.  They were too busy to stop Vermont from becoming an independent state.  But the Continental Congress was not ready to let Vermont become part of the new United States.  New York did not want Vermont to join the United States and the other former colonies agreed. After 14 years, New York agreed that Vermont could become part of the United States.  But first, Vermont had to pay $30,000 to New York.  That was a lot of money in 1791, but Vermont wanted to join the United States.  So Vermont paid the money to New York. On March 4, 1791, Vermont became the 14th state!  The new state was in the north.  A year later, Kentucky became the 15th state.  Kentucky is in the south.  The United States stayed balanced. The United States government wanted to know how many people were in Vermont and the other states.  The census takers counted 85,425 people living in Vermont in 1791.  After Vermont became a state, even more people came to start new towns and new farms.  In 1805, Vermont picked Montpelier to be the capital city.  That’s the story of how Vermont became the 14th state.


According to Winston Churchill, in a speech of 1946, the Iron Curtain ran from Stettin in the Baltic to which other port?

Iron Curtain Speech by Winston Churchill Share By Jennifer Rosenberg Nine months after Sir Winston Churchill failed to be reelected as Britain's Prime Minister, Churchill traveled by train with President Harry Truman to make a speech. On March 5, 1946, at the request of Westminster College in the small Missouri town of Fulton (population of 7,000), Churchill gave his now famous "Iron Curtain" speech to a crowd of 40,000. In addition to accepting an honorary degree from the college, Churchill made one of his most famous post-war speeches. In this speech, Churchill gave the very descriptive phrase that surprised the United States and Britain, "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent." Before this speech, the U.S. and Britain had been concerned with their own post-war economies and had remained extremely grateful for the Soviet Union's proactive role in ending World War II . It was Churchill's speech, which he titled "The Sinews of Peace," that changed the way the democratic West viewed the Communist East. continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance Though many people believe that Churchill coined the phrase "the iron curtain" during this speech, the term had actually been used for decades (including in several earlier letters from Churchill to Truman). Churchill's use of the phrase gave it wider circulation and made the phrase popularly recognized as the division of Europe into East and West. Many people consider Churchill's "iron curtain speech" the beginning of the Cold War. Below is Churchill's "The Sinews of Peace" speech, also commonly referred to as the "Iron Curtain" speech, in its entirety. "The Sinews of Peace" by Winston Churchill I am glad to come to Westminster College this afternoon, and am complimented that you should give me a degree. The name "Westminster" is somehow familiar to me. I seem to have heard of it before. Indeed, it was at Westminster that I received a very large part of my education in politics, dialectic, rhetoric, and one or two other things. In fact we have both been educated at the same, or similar, or, at any rate, kindred establishments. It is also an honour, perhaps almost unique, for a private visitor to be introduced to an academic audience by the President of the United States. Amid his heavy burdens, duties, and responsibilities - unsought but not recoiled from - the President has travelled a thousand miles to dignify and magnify our meeting here to-day and to give me an opportunity of addressing this kindred nation, as well as my own countrymen across the ocean, and perhaps some other countries too. The President has told you that it is his wish, as I am sure it is yours, that I should have full liberty to give my true and faithful counsel in these anxious and baffling times. I shall certainly avail myself of this freedom, and feel the more right to do so because any private ambitions I may have cherished in my younger days have been satisfied beyond my wildest dreams. Let me, however, make it clear that I have no official mission or status of any kind, and that I speak only for myself. There is nothing here but what you see. I can therefore allow my mind, with the experience of a lifetime, to play over the problems which beset us on the morrow of our absolute victory in arms, and to try to make sure with what strength I have that what has been gained with so much sacrifice and suffering shall be preserved for the future glory and safety of mankind. The United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. It is a solemn moment for the American Democracy. For with primacy in power is also joined an awe-inspiring accountability to the future. If you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. Opportunity is here now, clear and shining for both our countries. To reject it or ignore it or fritter it away will bring upon us all the long reproaches of the after-time. It is necessary that co


In the books by Sue Townsend, Adrian Mole was supposedly born in which English county?

Leicestershire, England’s heart - University of Leicester Leicestershire, England’s heart Dr Richard Jones , Centre for English Local History , University of Leicester View from Bradgate Park, Leicestershire. At only 912 feet, England has greater mountains and more picturesque peaks than Leicestershire’s Bardon Hill. Yet none can match its panorama. A quarter of England’s counties can be spied from its summit. From this unlikely vantage point—not a stone’s throw from where King Richard met his death and half a century later Lady Jane Grey, the short-lived queen, was born—unfolds by degrees the story of England and its people, their history and their legends. This is England seen from Leicestershire, the county in which a post raised by the Ordnance Survey marks the country’s geographic centre; Leicestershire, with its cordiform boundary; Leicestershire, the nation’s actual and figurative heart. Leicestershire contains England’s mother earth. It was here 570 million years ago that our island originated in an outburst of volcanic activity. No other geological formation matches the antiquity of the pre-Cambrian rocks that form the rugged boss of Charnwood Forest of which Bardon Hill is a northerly sentinel. Half a million years ago Charnwood looked down on the Bytham, the great palaeo-river that swept its ribboned course to the North Sea. For those that first roamed this land, Homo Heidelbergensis and Homo Neanderthalensis, the Bytham was an arterial route. These pioneer populations, Leicester’s aboriginal Walkers, left us their stone tools as evidence of their ingenuity and industry along the Bytham’s banks. This broad valley is now long gone, its contours scoured away by the action of successive glacial tides and obscured by the clays, sands and gravels they deposited in their wake. It was through this thick plasticine expanse, that the lyrical rivers of Leicestershire—the Chater and the Mease, the Sense and the Swift, the Eye and the Medbourne, the Soar and the Wreake—began quietly to fashion their meandering courses to give the county its feminine anatomy. Quintessentially English Leicestershire is a quintessentially English county. Over its soft contours and sharp hawthorn hedges have galloped for more than two centuries the scarlet-clad riders of the Cottesmore, the Belvoir, the Fernie and the Quorn all in pursuit of the county’s emblem, the fox. It is to these huntsmen that we owe one of the nation’s celebrated culinary icons, the Melton Mowbray Pork Pie, a hearty bite designed to be eaten on the charge. Even the county’s cheeses—the red of Leicester and the white and blue of Stilton—echo the colours of the Union flag. The very shape of the animals that give so freely of their milk and meat owes much to the vision and enterprise of one of Leicestershire’s eighteenth-century sons, Robert Bakewell of Dishley. His experiments in selective breeding produced the New Leicester, the county’s greatest agricultural export, whose DNA can now be found in flocks as far afield as New Zealand, America, and South Africa. But Leicestershire’s menagerie contains as much that is exotic and strange as familiar: its fearsome pack of Rugby Union Tigers, its unquenchable Rugby League Phoenixes, its soaring American Football Falcons, and its roaring Speedway Lions. It includes a mole called Adrian; ladybirds, for it was in Leicester that these children’s books were first published; is remembered for a king’s horse that was fatefully absent; and remains ashamed of its inhumane treatment of its ‘elephant’ John Merricks. Welcoming outsiders Like the ever-returning ice that prepared the scene, so this attractive shire has greeted wave after wave of colonizers and settlers. No English county can claim to have been so welcoming to outsiders over so long. Neolithic farmers with Continental roots, Leicestershire’s first permanent residents, began the process of cutting back the trees to clear space for their fields and homesteads. With their metal axeheads, their Bronze Age successors completed the task, heaping the newly reveal


What is the country of origin of the Falabella horse?

History of the Falabella Miniature Horse History of the Falabella Miniature Horse Breed From the Establecimientos Falabella Historical Website Entitled - A GOOD FALABELLA This summary is a combination of direct excerpts from a wide variety of publications, letters from the Falabella family, a French Veterinary Medicine Study and Thesis on Falabellas. There are many other articles printed about Falabella horses, some true, some not-so-true. We have attempted to gather the most factual information from veterinary medical studies, interviews with the Falabella family members, letters from Falabella family members, and early owners of horses purchased directly from Julio Falabella's farm in Argentina. The statements presented here are directly from these writings, all of which are listed at the end of this summary. What is a Falabella Miniature Horse FALABELLA is a special and unique horse breed that has acquired, after many generations of selective breeding stable characteristics of build and height and is one of the smallest breeds of horse in the world. The name FALABELLAï¿½ comes from the Argentine breeders family, who developed the breed in the middle of the 19th Century (around 1845). This breed is extremely long-lived, often reaching 40-45 years old. The horses possess all the features and attributes of its taller relatives and the young are bred with the same temperament. Credited as the breeder of originï¿½ for the Falabella breed, by 1853, Patrick Newtall had created a herd of small, perfectly built little horses of around 102cms. In 1879 he transferred his findings, herd, breeding methods and knowledge to his son-in-law, Juan Falabella. In 1905 the herd was transferred to the next generation, Emilio and in 1927 the establishment was inherited by Julio Cesar Falabella who kept careful genealogical records and is the most well known of the Falabella breeders. Beginning in the 1940s, Julio C. Falabella, created a formal breed registry, the Establecimientos Falabella. Beginning in 1991 this became known as the Asociacian de Criadores de Caballos Falabella (ACCF-Falabella Horse Breeders Association). A genuine Falabella horse is one that has a pedigree of uninterrupted bloodlines of animal stock originally bred by the Falabella family. Any horse that does not have a bloodline solely from those originally bred by and accredited to ESTABLICIMIENTOS FALABELLA Av., quintana 494 piso 6, A1129 BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA is not a Falabella. Today the Falabella is recognized as a Breed and is often referred to as original miniature horse. The Falabellas are a unique miniature horse breed. The FALABELLA is a horse that has got every nature and attributes of its taller relatives. With generations of selective breeding the Falabella genetic characters have become fixed and enable its natural reproduction, procreating beings of reliable size, features and build. This achievement of genetic stability is what enabled its reproduction and worldwide renown. Only a long pedigree going back to imports from the Falabella Ranch on both sides can show that an animal is a genuine, pure Falabella. Some registries will parentage-qualify via a DNA test if the pedigree is somehow not available. The DNA test can pick up non Falabella markers in cases where it is impossible to parentage-qualify for example if one parent has died. Today the numbers of pure bred animals are still few, but maintaining DNA records can ensure that these horses maintain the ideal standards that have been fixed through generations of breeding. The Falabella is a horse that possesses all the features and attributes of its taller relatives. The fixed nature of the DNA genetic characteristics of the Falabella allows for their natural reproduction. Offspring are bred with the same temperament. No horse can 'become' a Falabella if it is not pure bred and proven to be so by having either an official Argentinian breeding certificate, FMHA registration or by being DNA tested, but Falabellas can 'become' other breeds such as American Miniatures. Many