What country is bordered by Macedonia, Greece, Montenegro and Kosovo?

Albania Facts | Sponsor a Child in Albania | World Vision Explore areas where you can help us build a better world for children. Sponsor a Child in Albania «Previous Child is waiting for a World Vision sponsor. is years old and lives in .     Progress in Albania Thanks to the generous support of our sponsors. World Vision was able to work alongside communities to accomplish the following in 2014. Children in the community were educated on child rights and life skills to help them develop confidence, communicate effectively, and build strong friendships. As a result, participants began to use theatre and art as a means to advocate for issues affecting children in their area. We helped organize and strengthen youth groups to bring about social change at the local and national level that will improve the lives of children and adolescents. We provided trainings for community members on how to respond to child rights violations, and how to advocate for the needs of children with disabilities. Children enjoyed leisure time and learned about child rights and positive behaviors at summer camps we organized with local partners. To improve the quality of education for special needs students, teachers were trained on creating individualized teaching plans for their pupils. School boards were trained in planning, fundraising, networking, and monitoring the quality of education to ensure that school programs are sustainable. Struggling students received the opportunity to catch up on basic subjects during the remedial summer programs we provided in partnership with community organizations. Demonstrating Christ's love through our actions, we worked among the children and the families of communities to promote peace and justice and encourage understanding. + World Vision in Albania Today World Vision is committed to partnering with the people of Albania to improve their lives today and to help enact sustainable solutions for the future of their children, families, and communities. World Vision’s child sponsorship program plays a vital role in this partnership, with donors from the United States sponsoring more than 11,600 girls and boys. In addition to sponsorship, World Vision operates other programs that benefit communities in Albania. Highlights include: Meeting the psychosocial and economic needs of children living and working on the streets through literacy programs, vocational training for parents, and increasing resources for children and their parents. Improving health in communities throughout Albania by dealing with challenges related to maternal and child health, nutrition, water, sanitation, hygiene, and health systems. Helping families increase their incomes through small loans and business skills training. + World Vision History in Albania World Vision began working in Albania in 1999, providing relief operations in response to the Kosovo refugee crisis. Since then, some of World Vision’s major accomplishments have included: Providing tools, clothes, plants, and other necessities to families struggling with poverty. Assisting struggling families with a credit program to help them increase their income, improve their nutrition, and provide parents with resources to better care for their children. Building school facilities where children can gain an education in a safe and stable environment. Raising HIV and AIDS awareness among young people and giving them a forum where they can discuss related issues freely. + Geography & People Geography and people Located in southeast Europe, the small country of Albania is bordered by Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, and the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. Mountains fill Albania’s eastern region and coastal plains cover the western region, which is home to most of the population. The Strait of Otranto separates Albania from Italy by 45 miles. Natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, coal, copper, iron ore, nickel, salt, timber, and hydropower. The Albanian ethnic group makes up most of the population; Greeks, Roma, Vlachs, Serbians, and Bulgarians make up the remainder. Alban


Silkworms feed mainly on the leaves of what tree?

What do silkworms eat? | Reference.com What do silkworms eat? A: Quick Answer Silkworms eat mulberry leaves exclusively in nature. Silkworm farms and manufacturers that keep the worms have the option to feed their worms a special artificial mulberry diet. Full Answer Newborn silkworms must be fed young mulberry leaves because they are more tender than the older leaves; their mouths will not be able to eat the older leaves right away. A very important step in feeding silkworms is to make sure that the leaves are free of pesticides. The moment that silkworms hatch they must begin to feed immediately. They must be fed constantly because they do not travel to find food. The larvae stay right with the mulberry leaves or tree, from the moment they hatch; this feeding will continue for 2 months as they go through four different molting periods to reach their full length of about 2 inches. Once they have reached this point, they are ready to spin their cocoon for the next part of their life cycle. The silk cocoons that the worms are prized for take 5 days to be spun around the worm's body. The majority of the worms never make it to the moth stage due to being killed when the silk cocoons are gathered. The ones that do live and reach the next stage are dependent on humans for food and shelter just like the worms, though their life span is short. Both the male and female die after mating and laying eggs.


According to legend, what is needed to kill a werewolf?

How To Kill A Werewolf Contact How To Kill A Werewolf You probably already know how to kill a werewolf, even if you don't realize it.  Unlike vampires, werewolves don't have specific methods that need to be used to kill them.  That doesn't mean it's an easy task, though. Werewolves can be killed through a various number of methods, much like humans.  Getting hit by a car, falling from a high elevation, or bleeding to death will all work just as well on a werewolf as they would on a human being. The challenge is not really figuring out how to kill a werewolf, it's figuring out if you're going to be able to kill that werewolf before it kills you. I have a few recommendations to make the job easier.   How to Kill a Werewolf The Silver Bullet Method The myth that werewolves will die from a silver bullet to the heart is no myth at all.  It's entirely true.  If you're a good shot and have bullets made of pure silver on hand, then you should have the easiest time of anyone killing a werewolf.  The introduction of silver to the heart will stop it from beating immediately.  The bullet doesn't even have to do actual damage.  Actually, it doesn't even really have to be a bullet.  The reason the "silver bullet" became legendary is because it is by far the easiest method of getting pure silver to reach a werewolf's heart.  Other methods of getting silver to a werewolf's heart work just as well, they are just harder to pull off.  Unless a werewolf voluntarily allows you to perform open heart surgery on it with a silver scalpel, you're probably going to have a hard time getting this method to work. A variation on the bullet-to-the-heart method would be finding a way to to introduce small pieces of silver shrapnel into the blood stream.  This only works if they are able to move through the blood stream and reach the heart.  Once at the heart, the smallest bit of silver will cause the heart to immediately stop beating.  If the silver lodges itself in the heart, you're job is done.   How to Kill a Werewolf The Non-Silver Bullet Method Let's say you find yourself in a situation where you want to kill a werewolf, but you don't have any silver bullets on you.  Don't be embarrassed - it's happened to us all.  In this instance, a regular gun with regular bullets may be able to do the trick. It's not going to be as easy as using a silver bullet.  Even a direct shot to the chest may not be enough to stop a werewolf, but it is better than nothing. If you're going to try to use a gun against a werewolf, keep a few things in mind. First, distance is your friend.  Don't think that just because you were able to get your hands on a high-powered shotgun or even assult rifle that this game is in the bag.  Overconfidence is the #1 killer when it comes to battling monsters.  If you are standing and facing a rushing werewolf, unload all the ammo you can into it.  Don't stop until you've sprayed it with enough bullets to kill it at least twice.  That might not even be enough.  Werewolves are notorious for being able to take a ridiculous amount of abuse.  Their muscles are much stronger than ours and their blood clots faster with a wound.  They are built to last.  You are not. Snipers should have a particularly good chance against werewolves.  If you can get the drop on one, aim for the head.  If you can sever the connection between the spinal cord and the brain, you're going to have an easy time.  If not, just make sure that you're in a position that the werewolf cannot reach.  Do NOT climb a tree and snipe from there.  Werewolves are excellent tree climbers. How to Kill a Werewolf The Sharp Object Method This is a tricky one.  Sharp objects such as knives, machetes, and even swords are effective against werewolves, but most of the time operating them requires close combat, which leaves a human at a significant disadvantage against a werewolf.  I can see a skilled swordsman who is quick and precise with a sharp, strong blade having success against a werewolf, but for the average person, this is just a good way to get killed.  If you are


What country, part of the Ottoman Empire for 500 years as the provinces of Shkodra, Manastir and Yanya, proclaimed its independence on 28 November 1912, with Ismail Qemali as its first Prime Minister?

Republic of Albania | Nations Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia ( help · info ) , officially the Republic of Albania ( Albanian : Republika e Shqipërisë, pronounced [ɾɛˈpublika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːs] , or simply Shqipëria, Gheg Albanian : Shqipnija, Shqypnia), is a country in South Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Greece to the south-east, Montenegro to the north, Kosovo [a] to the northeast, and Macedonia to the east. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than 72 km (45 mi) from Italy , across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea . Albania is a member of the United Nations , NATO , the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe , Council of Europe , World Trade Organisation , and one of the founding members of the Union for the Mediterranean . Albania has been a candidate for accession to the European Union since January 2003, and it formally applied for EU membership on 28 April 2009. [3] Albania is a parliamentary democracy and a transition economy . The Albanian capital, Tirana , is home to approximately 895,000 of the country's 3.6 million people, and it is also the financial capital of the country. [4] Free-market reforms have opened the country to foreign investment, especially in the development of energy and transportation infrastructure. [5] [6] [7] Contents Main article: Albania (toponym) Albania is the Medieval Latin name of the country which is called Shqipëri by its inhabitants. In Medieval Greek , the country's name is Albania besides variants Albaētia, Arbanētia. [8] The ultimate origin of the root Alb- has been traced to an Illyrian (alb "hill")[ citation needed ]. In the 2nd century BC, Polybius 's History of the World mentions a tribe named Arbon in present-day central Albania. The people who lived there were called Albanoí and Arbanitai. [9] Another suggestion is derivation from the Illyrian tribe of the Albani recorded by Ptolemy , the geographer and astronomer from Alexandria who drafted a map of remarkable significance for the history of Illyria . This map shows the city of Albanopolis (located Northeast of Durrës) which was later called Albanon and Arbanon. [9] [10] In his History written in 1079-1080, Byzantine historian Michael Attaliates was the first to refer to Albanoi as having taken part in a revolt against Constantinople in 1043 and to the Arbanitai as subjects of the duke of Dyrrachium . [11] During the Middle Ages , the Albanians called their country Arbër or Arbën and referred to themselves as Arbëresh or Arbnesh. [12] [13] As early as the 16th century,[ citation needed ] a new name for their home evolved among Albanian people: Shqipëria, popularly interpreted as "Land of the Eagles" or "Land of the Mountain Eagle" hence the two-headed bird on the national flag, [14] though most likely the origin lies in Skanderbeg 's use of the Byzantine double-headed eagle on his seals. [15] [16] History Main article: Prehistoric Balkans The area of today's Albania has been populated since prehistoric times. In antiquity, much of it was settled by the ancient Illyrians , possible ancestors of Albanians . [17] [18] . [19] Surrounded by powerful, warring empires, Albania has experienced considerable violence and competition for control throughout its history. Greeks , Romans , Venetians and Ottomans swept through, leaving their cultural mark as well as their ruins. File:Butrint, Albania.jpg Archaeological research shows that Albania has been populated since the Paleolithic Age ( Stone Age ). The first areas settled were those with favourable climatic and geographic conditions. In Albania, the earliest settlements have been discovered in the Gajtan cavern ( Shkodra ), in Konispol , at Mount Dajti , and at Saranda . Fragments of Cyclopean structures, were discovered at Krecunica, Arinishta, and other sites in the district of Gjirokastra . The walls, partly Cyclopean, of an ancient city (perhaps Byllis) are visible at Gradishti on the picturesque Viosa River. Few traces remain of the once celebrated Dyrrhachium (to


The Battle of Agincourt in 1415 was fought between which two countries?

Political map of France, 1360 © Marzolino/Shutterstock.com Agincourt in context: the Hundred Years' War In this article, Dan sets the scene for the battle of Agincourt by describing the background to the conflict. The battle of Agincourt sits within a period called ‘the Hundred Years War.’ The name is a misleading one, as it does not refer to a continuous war, but instead indicates a period of repeated conflict between England and France between 1337 and 1453. The origins of the struggle went back centuries. The origins of conflict The conflict between England and France began nearly 400 years earlier when the English were defeated by William, duke of Normandy, at the battle of Hastings in 1066. The Duke, a significant landowner in France, invaded England, took power and became king. Thereafter, the kings of England also owned and ruled over substantial parts of France. This inevitably led to tension with the kings of France. By the middle of the twelfth century, King Henry II, through inheritance and his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, possessed extensive territories in France, including the duchies of Normandy and Aquitaine, and the counties of Anjou, Maine and Touraine. Almost all of these territories were lost during the reign of King John, however, which meant that by the middle of the thirteenth century, the English only controlled a diminished area of the duchy of Aquitaine, in the south-west of France. By the time that Edward III (1327-1377) came to the throne, English territory in France mostly centred on the cities of Bordeaux and Bayonne in the region of Gascony. Map of Aquitaine © Artalis/Shutterstock.com The escalation of tensions A further complication in Anglo-French relations occurred with the death of Charles IV of France, in 1328. His closest male heir was his nephew Edward III (of England), who possessed a claim through his mother, Isabella, who was a sister of Charles IV. Yet this was disregarded by the French nobility, who instead crowned a cousin of the dead man as Philip VI. Edward was not in a strong enough political position at that time to make his claim on the French crown. Thus, he was forced to offer his loyalty and submission to Philip VI of France, in 1329. However, conflict between France and England broke out again in 1337. This was in part due to French support for the Scots, who the English were at war with at the time, but also due to French aggression. Philip VI had decided that the duchy of Aquitaine should be taken back from the English and on the 24th May, he set about sending an army to invade the duchy. Although the duchy of Aquitaine (in the South West) was the direct cause of war between England and France at this time, most of the early fighting took place in the North of France. The first part of the conflict saw a number of English victories, such as at the naval battle of Sluys (slois) in 1340, where an English fleet destroyed a larger French fleet. Six years later, the first major land battle of the war took place at Crécy in northern France, where an English army led in person by Edward III was confronted by a much larger French army, under the command of Philip VI. The battle of Crecy © Everett historical/shutterstock.com At Crécy the English archers were able to defeat the Genoese crossbowmen in French employ, due to the much greater rate of fire of the longbow, and they then achieved success against repeated cavalry charges by the mounted French men-at-arms. It was a great victory for Edward III’s archers and also for his reputation. After this triumph, the French were far more wary about engaging Edward III in battle. From Crécy, the English army marched towards Calais. This Northern French port was strategically important due to its proximity to the English port of Dover. The English laid siege to the town and after nearly a year, were able to capture it. This was an important achievement which meant that until the loss of Calais in the 16th century, the English owned an important staging point for attacks on France. Capture of the king In 1355, after the eve


"Which 19th century Austrian composer is famous for his waltzes such as ""The Blue Danube"" and ""Tales of the Vienna Woods"", and the operetta ""Die Fledermaus""?"

Johann Strauss, the Younger | Austrian composer | Britannica.com Johann Strauss, the Younger Johann Strauss, the Younger, (born Oct. 25, 1825, Vienna , Austria —died June 3, 1899, Vienna), “the Waltz King,” a composer famous for his Viennese waltzes and operettas. Johann Strauss the Younger. Harris & Ewing Collection/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (Digital File Number: LC-DIG-hec-23696) Strauss was the eldest son of the composer Johann Strauss the Elder. Because his father wished him to follow a nonmusical profession, he started his career as a bank clerk. He studied the violin without his father’s knowledge, however, and in 1844 conducted his own dance band at a Viennese restaurant. In 1849, when the elder Strauss died, Johann combined his orchestra with his father’s and went on a tour that included Russia (1865–66) and England (1869), winning great popularity. In 1870 he relinquished leadership of his orchestra to his brothers, Josef and Eduard, in order to spend his time writing music . In 1872 he conducted concerts in New York City and Boston. Strauss’s most famous single composition is An der schönen blauen Donau (1867; The Blue Danube ), the main theme of which became one of the best-known tunes in 19th-century music. His many other melodious and successful waltzes include Morgenblätter (1864; Morning Papers), Künstlerleben (1867; Artist’s Life), Geschichten aus dem Wienerwald (1868; Tales from the Vienna Woods), Wein, Weib und Gesang (1869; Wine, Women and Song), Wiener Blut (1871; Vienna Blood), and Kaiserwaltzer (1888). Of his nearly 500 dance pieces, more than 150 were waltzes. Among his stage works, Die Fledermaus (1874; The Bat) became the classical example of Viennese operetta . Equally successful was Der Zigeunerbaron (1885; The Gypsy Baron). Among his numerous other operettas are Der Karneval in Rom (1873; The Roman Carnival) and Eine Nacht in Venedig (1883; A Night in Venice). Learn More in these related articles:


Which Canadian won the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest representing Switzerland?

Eurovision Song Contest 1988 | Eurovision Song Contest Show more Eurovision Song Contest 1988 The 1988 Eurovision Song Contest is best remembered for one of the most thrilling voting moments in the history of the competition and for launching a legend; Céline Dion. Modernising Eurovision The 1988 Eurovision Song Contest was hosted in Dublin for the third time, 21 countries competed for the trophy. Host broadcaster RTE introduced a modern set, at that point the largest in the history of the contest. Two giant video walls and a computerised scoreboard were also unveiled. At the time, it was a ground breaking production and set the standard for future editions of the contest. Denmark was represented the group Hot Eyes who performed in the contest for the third time. Lead singer Kirsten was heavily pregnant at the time and gave birth just three weeks after the contest. And finally... France! The 1988 Eurovision Song Contest is best remembered for one most exciting voting sequences in the history of the contest. Switzerland's entry Ne Partez Pas Sans Moi performed by Céline Dion beat the runner-up, the United Kingdom's Scott Fitzgerald by just a single point. Before the last vote, the UK entry was leading with 136 points to Switzerland's 131. Yugoslavia, the last country to vote, gave six points to Switzerland whilst failing to award any points to the UK entry. Yugoslavia's 12 points went to France after one of the tensest moments ever seen in the Eurovision Song Contest. For Céline Dion, winning the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest was a turning point in her international career. Whilst she was known in Canada and France before 1988, the Eurovision Song Contest gave her the elevate her career to new heights. Shortly after she won the Eurovision Song Contest she began work on her debut English language album, Unison. Facts and figures The 1988 Eurovision Song Contest also saw another star of the future take to the stage; Lara Fabian who represented Luxembourg. The Belgian-born singer went on to forge a hugely successful career and in 2000 she reached number one on the Billboard charts in the United States with I Will Love Again. Cyprus decided to withdraw as their entry was not in-line with the rules of the contest - it had previously been published. The venue of the 1988 contest was the same as in 1981, but this time RTÉ managed to create a very special stage that created the illusion of depth, making the stage appear bigger than it actually was. For the first time ever a computerised scoreboard was used instead of the mechanical ones used in previous contests. Facts & Figures


In what sport does the equipment include a spider, a hook rest and a half butt?

Buy Snooker & Pool Accessories: Chalk, Balls, & Scoreboards Accessories Pool and Snooker Accessories The Accessories are split into nine separate categories see below. Our new players accessories category includes an expanding selection of useful practice aids and gadgets like the Q-rite rest extension used regularly on TV by Steve Davis. In Chalk and chalk holders we have a wide range of coloured chalks suitable for different snooker or pool table cloths. Chalk holders include leather pouches and magnetic chalk holders. Tips and re-tipping equipment have tips from different manufacturers like Elkmaster and Blue Diamond with sizes ranging from 8mm to 13mm. The re-tipping equipment section includes clamps to help align and hold the new tip in place and tip files and shapers to keep your tip the perfect condition. In our rest section we have a choice of Maple and Ash shafts as well as the full range of half butt, full butt and rest shafts. We also provide the full range of rest heads including the spider, extended spider, cross rest, swan neck.


What alloy is made of 12% tin and 88% copper?

Copper-Tin Alloys: The Bronzes Copper-Tin Alloys: The Bronzes Abstract: The important alloys of copper and tin from an industrial point of view are the bronzes comprised within certain limits of tin content. As in the case of the brasses, the addition of tin to copper results in the formation of a series of solid solutions. The addition of tin to copper results in the formation of a series of solid solutions which, in accordance with usual practice, are referred to in order of diminishing copper content as the á, â, a, etc., constituents. The important alloys of copper and tin from an industrial point of view are the bronzes comprised within certain limits of tin content. As in the case of the brasses, the addition of tin to copper results in the formation of a series of solid solutions. The constitutional diagram of copper-tin alloys is very complex, but that part of it which deals with alloys of industrial importance is reproduced in Fig. 1. Figure 1. Constitutional Diagram of the Copper-Tin Alloys The addition of tin to copper results in the formation of a series of solid solutions which, in accordance with usual practice, are referred to in order of diminishing copper content as the á, â, a, etc., constituents. The diagram may be summarized as follows: Percentage composition Constituent just below the freezing point Constituent after slow cooling to 400°C Copper â–>(á + â) á + ä Further changes on cooling from 400°C to room temperature are so sluggish that they only occur in conditions very far removed from actual practice. The á solution is the softest of the constituents; it may be rolled or stamped cold, but it hardens under this treatment much more rapidly decreases than á-brass. The â and a constituents do not exist in the alloy slowly cooled to room temperature: this is due to successive changes occurring at 586°C and 520°C whereby â is resolved into á +a and a into á + ä. The ä constituent has the crystal structure of a-brass. It has a narrow range of composition corresponding approximately to the formula Cu3lSn8 and, like all intermetallic compounds, is extremely hard and brittle. The ä -> (á + l) change at 350°C does not occur in commercial practice, though alloys richer in tin may contain the a constituent, which corresponds to Cu3Sn, and the ç solid solution, which approximates to the composition CuSn. 95:5 Copper-Tin Alloy On cooling from the liquid condition, the solid solution which first forms contains only about 2 percent of tin. Thus the cast metal has a cored structure and the coring is very marked because of the long range between liquidus and solidus; but it may be eliminated by diffusion on cooling more slowly or by annealing. Any absorption of oxygen occurring during manufacture results in the presence of SnO2 in the alloy, tending to make it brittle. A deoxidizer such as zinc is therefore frequently added. The addition of zinc, as in coinage bronze, causes no change in the microscopical appearance of the homogeneous á constituent. The zinc, however, exerts its deoxidizing effect in the liquid, and slight hardening effect on the solid solution. The structure of a bronze coin shows marked deformation of the crystals. On annealing, recrystallization takes place with subsequent crystal growth. Twinning is a characteristic feature of the cold-worked and annealed alloy. 90:10 Copper-Tin Alloy This is typical gun-metal, most varieties of which, however, contain a deoxidizer, frequently zinc (e.g. Admiralty gun-metal, copper 88%, tin 10%, zinc 2%). The structure of the cast material depends on the rate of cooling, both through the range of solidification and below. On account of the wide solidification range of the alloy and the slow rate of tin diffusion, the apparent solubility limit of the á solution is well below that shown in the diagram. The cast structure is always definitely dendritic and if coring is pronounced, some â solution may be formed at 798°C This interdendritic â, on cooling, gives rise to the hard ä constituent. On the other hand,


Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 in F major (Op. 68) is known as what?

Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphony No. 6 in F major, op. 68 "Pastorale" - YouTube Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphony No. 6 in F major, op. 68 "Pastorale" Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Mar 8, 2012 Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphony No. 6 in F major, op. 68 "Pastorale" Category


What links a type of footwear, the home of NATO, the best known military exploit of an early British Prime Minister, and the final days of freedom for a short Corsican commander?

France - Countries of the world Countries of the world datacard France France, officially the French Republic, is a unitary semi-presidential republic located mostly in Western Europe, with several overseas regions and territories. 65,630,692 (July 2012 est.) France (English i/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen )), officially the French Republic (French: République française French pronunciation: [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic located mostly in Western Europe[note 12], with several overseas regions and territories. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. From its shape, it is often referred to in French as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon"). France is the largest country in Western Europe and the third-largest in Europe as a whole. It possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world. Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military, and political influence in Europe and around the world.[6] France has its main ideals expressed in the 18th-century Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. From the 17th to the early 20th century, France built the second-largest colonial empire of the time, ruling large portions of first North America and India and then Northwest and Central Africa; Madagascar ; Indochina and southeast China ; and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands. France is a developed country:[7] it possesses the world's fifth-largest and Europe's second-largest economy by nominal GDP; it is the world's ninth-largest by GDP at purchasing power parity.[8] France is the wealthiest nation in Europe – and the fourth-wealthiest in the world – in aggregate household wealth.[9] French citizens enjoy a high standard of living, high public education level, and one of the world's longest life expectancies.[10] France has been listed as the world's "best overall health care" provider by the World Health Organization.[11] It is the most-visited country in the world, receiving 79.5 million foreign tourists annually.[12] France has the world's fifth-largest nominal military budget,[13] as well as (in terms of personnel) the largest military in the EU,[citation needed] the third-largest deployable force in NATO, and the 26th-largest military in the world. France also possesses the third-largest stockpile of nuclear weapons in the world[14] – with around 300 active warheads as of 25 May 2010 (2010 -05-25) [update] – and the world's second-largest diplomatic corps (behind the United States ).[15] France is a founding member of the United Nations, one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, and a member of the Francophonie, the G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO, and the Latin Union. It is also a founding and leading member state of the European Union and the largest EU state by area.[16] In 2011, France was listed 20th on the Human Development Index and, in 2010, 24th on the Corruption Perceptions Index. Etymology The name "France" comes from the Latin Francia, which means "country of the Franks".[17] There are various theories as to the origin of the name of the Franks. One is that it is derived from the Proto-Germanic word frankon which translates as javelin or lance as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a francisca.[18] Another proposed etymology is that in an ancient Germanic language, Frank means free as opposed to slave. History Prehistory One of the paintings of Lascaux which represents a horse (Dordogne, approximately 18,000 BC). The oldest traces of human life in what is now France date from approximately 1,800,000 years ago.[19] Men were then confronted by a hard and variable climate, marked by several glacial eras which modified their framework of life and led them to a nomadic life of hunters-gatherers.[19] France counts a large number of decorated caves from the upper Paleolithic era, including one of the most famous and best preserved: Lascaux[19] (Dordogne, approximately 18,000 BC). At


A game popular in a number of countries and known variously as Belote, Boeuf, Vida, and other names is played with what?

Belote World Belote World Videos History Belote is a 32-card trick-taking game played in France, and is one of the most popular card games in that country. It was invented around 1920, probably from Klaverjas, Klaverjassen, a game played since at least the 17th century in the Netherlands. Closely related games are played throughout the world, and its rules first published in 1921. In Bulgarian it is called Bridge-Belote (Бридж-белот), in Greece it is called Vida , in Cyprus it is called Pilotta, in  Quebes the word was shortened to the first syllable and spelled bœuf, and in Croatian a similar game with different rules exists, calledBela. In Saudi Arabia it is Baloot. In Bulgaria it is usually called Belot(Белот). In Republic of Makedonia it is Belyot (Бељот) and it is especially played in Bitola Region. Belot inArmenia, more commonly known as Bazaar Belote, is also a very popular game, and it is played in a slightly different way. It is also the number one card game in Saudi Arabia ; although, the rules in the Saudi version are very different from the rules generally played by in Europe. Derivatives Belote is not known only to France, however. Countries all over the world, including Bulgaria, Greece, Armenia, and Saudi Arabia know the game of Belote. In other regions, however, the game is know by different names such as Blot, Bela and Baloot. Klaverjas Many speculate the game Belote was derived from a game called Klaverjas, a popular game from the Netherlands in the 1600’s. The games both feature very similar game play, including trick taking, bidding and similar scoring. The two even use the same card ranks. Share this:


ANCIENT EGYPT : Amun and the One, Great & Hidden double-concealed in transcendence and immanence and the unity of Ancient Egyptian theologies by Wim van den Dungen "O You, the Great God, whose name is unknown."  Pharaoh Unis (PT 276c - ca. 2350 BCE) The translation of The   Hymns to Amun is part of my Ancient Egyptian Readings (2016), a POD publication in paperback format   of all translations available at maat.sofiatopia.org. These readings   span a period of thirteen centuries, covering all important stages of   Ancient Egyptian literature. Translated from Egyptian originals, they are   ordered chronologically and were considered by the Egyptians as part of the   core of their vast literature. The study of the sources, hieroglyphs, commentaries and pictures situating   the text itself remain on the website at no cost.  "None of the gods knows His true form, His image is not unfolded in the papyrus rolls, nothing certain is testified about Him." Hymns to Amun, Papyrus Leiden I 350, chapter 200, lines 22- 24. ca.1213 BCE (end of the reign of Ramesses II) Table of Contents 1 Amun in the Old and Middle Kingdoms. 1.1 Amun as hidden, primordial god in the Pyramid Texts. 1.2 Amun, hidden of name in the Coffin Texts. 2 The crisis of polytheism in the New Kingdom. 2.1 The New Solar Theology and early Amun-Re theology. 2.2 Amarna, the Restoration & late Amun-Re theology. FIVE HYMNS TO AMUN-RE Bibliography INTRODUCTION The importance of the state cult of Amun (later Amun-Re), initiated in the Middle Kingdom, is undisputed. The cult of Amun-Re, the "king of the gods", was outstanding, as archaeological, monumental, textual, ritual & funerary evidence shows. So powerful was the name : "Amun", that Akhenaten tried to erase it from the records (scriptoral as well as monumental). This outrage was immediately restored by Tutankhamun after the heretical king died. In the Ramesside era, after the Amarna episode, Amun rose to even more formidable resplendance. In the Third Intermediate Period which followed the New Kingdom, civil        stife occured & a double monarchy ruled : a military dictatorship of the high priests        of Thebes (with Amun-Re as Pharaoh) versus the Kings of Tanis in the Delta. But, Amun's cult remain active as far as Upper Nubia ... "A papyrus furnished the number of persons in the service of Amun during the reign of Ramesses III (ca.1198 - 1166 BCE) -priests, peasants in the fields, hunters, boatmen, administrators, and workers of all sorts- a total of 81.322 persons ! We also learn from this papyrus that this fortunate god owned 433 gardens, 591.320 acres of fields, 83 boats, 46 construction sites, and 65 towns, all dedicated to the sole purpose of maintaining his sacred domains. Seeing these figures, we can easily imagine the astonishing number of priests and other staff who could be employed in the cult and the management of such an organism : we can count as many as one hundred twenty-five different posts among the personnel employed in the service of this all-powerful god." - Sauneron , 2000, pp.52-53 (translated by David Lorton). The importance of the cultic, ritual and intellectual activities offered to Amun-Re, answered theological and philosophical answers posed by the confrontation between the monotheist, solitary & Pharaonic solution of Akhenaten and the undisputed adherence of the people to a plurality of deities, acting in constellations (Assmann) and listening (during the festivals) to the voice-offerings of the commoners. These discussions and ideas were "secret", implying a limited access. The "inner" aspect of the Egyptian Sun-cult was only for an elite. The Books of the Netherworld are royal guides, i.e. the best of the best knowledge for the afterlife. "The 'inner aspect' of the Egyptian sun-cult, its mysteries, is constituted by a tradition that specifies what must be known, said and done during the enactment of it. The representatives of this tradition are a small circle of professional priests and scholars. They are in no sense identical nor should th


Where was the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles, held?

Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles | Unofficial Royalty Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles Learn More About Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles The Family of Prince Charles HRH Prince Charles Philip Arthur George was born on November 14, 1948 at Buckingham Palace, London. Charles was the first child of HRH Princess Elizabeth and her husband of one year, HRH The Duke of Edinburgh, born HRH Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark. Elizabeth was the elder daughter and the first of two children of King George VI and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, who was the youngest daughter and the ninth of ten children of Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Philip’s father was HRH Prince Andrew of Greece, the son of King George I of Greece (formerly Prince William of Denmark) and Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia. His mother was Her Serene Highness Princess Alice of Battenberg. Alice was the daughter of Prince Louis of Battenberg and Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine. During World War I, when King George V ordered his family to relinquish their German styles and titles, Prince Louis became the Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven. Princess Victoria’s mother was Princess Alice, a daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Therefore, Charles’ parents are both great great grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Charles’ parents added another child to the family, Princess Anne, born on August 15, 1950. Ill with lung cancer, King George VI died on February 6, 1952 and the 25 year old Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II. Her duties as Queen postponed additions to the family. Prince Andrew was born eight years later on February 19, 1960 and Prince Edward was born on March 10, 1964. As soon as his mother became Queen, Charles was the heir apparent to the throne and as the monarch’s eldest son became Duke of Cornwall. In the Scottish peerage, he became Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. Charles was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on July 26, 1958. He was invested as Prince of Wales on July 1, 1969 at Caernarvon Castle in Wales. On July 29, 1981, Prince Charles married Lady Diana Spencer in a lavish wedding held at St Paul’s Cathedral, London.  The couple had two sons – Prince William, born 1982, and Prince Henry (Harry), born 1984.  Charles and Diana divorced in 1996, and she was tragically killed the following year in a car accident in Paris. The Family of Camilla Parker Bowles Camilla with her mother Camilla Rosemary Shand was born July 17 1947 at King’s College Hospital in London.  She is the daughter of Major Bruce Shand and the Honourable Rosalind Cubitt, daughter of the 3rd Baron Ashcombe.  Camilla has a sister, Annabel Shand Elliot, and a brother Mark Shand.  In 1973, Camilla Shand married Brigadier Andrew Parker Bowles, and the couple had two children – a son Tom, born in 1974, and a daughter Laura, born in 1978.  Camilla and Andrew divorced in 1995.  Camilla has five grandchildren.  Tom and his wife Sarah have a daughter Lola, born in 2007, and a son Freddy, born in 2010.  Laura and her husband Harry Lopes have a daughter Eliza, born in 2008, and twin sons Gus and Louis, born in 2009. The Engagement Official Engagement photo, released by Clarence House After many years of speculation, the engagement of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles was announced by Clarence House on February 10 2005.  At this point, it was also announced that when Charles becomes King, “it is intended” that Camilla will use the title of Princess Consort instead of Queen.  It was announced that a civil marriage would take place on April 8th, followed by a Service of Prayer and Dedication at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor.  This was later postponed until the 9th, allowing The Prince of Wales to attend the funeral of Pope John Paul II in Rome. Upon marriage, Mrs Parker Bowles took on all of Prince Charles’ titles, including Princess of Wales.  However, out of respect for the


Who identified and named alpha, beta and gamma radiation?

The Discovery of Radioactivity Appendix The Discovery of Radioactivity In 1896 Henri Becquerel was using naturally fluorescent minerals to study the properties of x-rays , which had been discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Roentgen. He exposed potassium uranyl sulfate to sunlight and then placed it on photographic plates wrapped in black paper, believing that the uranium absorbed the suns energy and then emitted it as x-rays. This hypothesis was disproved on the 26th-27th of February, when his experiment "failed" because it was overcast in Paris. For some reason, Becquerel decided to develop his photographic plates anyway. To his surprise, the images were strong and clear, proving that the uranium emitted radiation without an external source of energy such as the sun. Becquerel had discovered radioactivity. Becquerel used an apparatus similar to that displayed below to show that the radiation he discovered could not be x-rays. X-rays are neutral and cannot be bent in a magnetic field. The new radiation was bent by the magnetic field so that the radiation must be charged and different than x-rays. When different radioactive substances were put in the magnetic field, they deflected in different directions or not at all, showing that there were three classes of radioactivity: negative, positive, and electrically neutral. The term radioactivity was actually coined by Marie Curie, who together with her husband Pierre, began investigating the phenomenon recently discovered by Becquerel. The Curies extracted uranium from ore and to their surprise, found that the leftover ore showed more activity than the pure uranium. They concluded that the ore contained other radioactive elements. This led to the discoveries of the elements polonium and radium. It took four more years of processing tons of ore to isolate enough of each element to determine their chemical properties. Ernest Rutherford, who did many experiments studying the properties of radioactive decay, named these alpha, beta, and gamma particles, and classified them by their ability to penetrate matter. Rutherford used an apparatus similar to that depicted in Fig. 3-7. When the air from the chamber was removed, the alpha source made a spot on the photographic plate. When air was added, the spot disappeared. Thus, only a few centimeters of air were enough to stop the alpha radiation. Because alpha particles carry more electric charge, are more massive, and move slowly compared to beta and gamma particles, they interact much more easily with matter. Beta particles are much less massive and move faster, but are still electrically charged. A sheet of aluminum one millimeter thick or several meters of air will stop these electrons and positrons. Because gamma rays carry no electric charge, they can penetrate large distances through materials before interactingseveral centimeters of lead or a meter of concrete is needed to stop most gamma rays.   last updated: August 9, 2000 webmaster


A style of intimate singing, developed and made popular in the first half of the 20th century by, among others, Bing Crosby, is called...?

washingtonpost.com: Style Live: Style: Style Showcase     Sinatra, arriving in Paris, 1968. (AP Photo) Frank Sinatra, 82, who died Thursday night at a Los Angeles hospital after a heart attack, was hailed yesterday as a versatile, combative crooner whose unique sound and intimate style made him this century's acknowledged master of popular song during a career that spanned nearly 60 years. Sinatra, who influenced such disparate artists as Bruce Springsteen and opera singer Kiri Te Kanawa, won nine Grammys, recorded more than 2,000 songs and made 240 albums. From his 1939 "All or Nothing at All" to his 1994 "Duets II," he performed an impressive repertory of 20th-century popular vocal music, often choosing tunes and lyrics that expressed his emotional ups and downs. He also made more than 50 films, including "From Here to Eternity," for which he won the Academy Award for best supporting actor in 1953 and "The Man With the Golden Arm," for which he received an Oscar nomination. Famous for his intensely personal interpretation of lyrics, he sang songs  the aching, bittersweet love ballads, the cocky, swinging renditions of old standards  with peerless phrasing and intimacy. Sinatra first came to musical prominence in the early 1940s as the slender, sunken-cheeked singing idol, whose screaming fans erupted in a hysteria matched later by only Elvis Presley and the Beatles. After a slump in popularity, the scrappy entertainer made a stunning professional comeback in the mid-1950s, recording some of his best, top-selling albums and winning his Academy Award for dramatic acting. After dominating the music business, movies and Las Vegas, he quit performing briefly in 1971, then reemerged in 1973 to enjoy continued concert and recording success as "Ol' Blue Eyes." He last performed in public in February 1995 at his annual charity golf tournament in Palm Springs, Calif., but seldom left his Beverly Hills home after suffering a heart attack in January 1997. He was almost as well known for his temper and run-ins with the media. He also was generous and kind to friends and strangers, everyone from U.S. presidents and other leading entertainers to children he never met but whose hospital bills he frequently paid. But it was as a singer that the once skinny, bow-tied kid from Hoboken, N.J., gained his lasting, worldwide renown. "Frank Sinatra was a true original," singer and lyricist Mel Torme said yesterday. "He held the patent, the original blueprint on singing and the popular song, a man who would have thousands of imitators but who, himself, would never be influenced by a single, solitary person." As news of Sinatra's death spread across the country and around the world, tributes to the singer once known simply as "The Voice" poured in from President Clinton, fellow entertainers and sorrowful fans  some of whom rushed into record stores to snap up Sinatra compact discs. "I think every American would have to smile and say he really did do it his way," Clinton said from Birmingham, England, where he is attending an economic summit. "I was an enormous admirer of his." At Tower Records on 21st Street NW, customer Pat Kennedy, in town from the Bronx, N.Y., marked the day by buying "Sinatra's 80th-All the Best," a double disc greatest-hits collection. Later, he said, he and his friends would mourn Sinatra's passing in a manner befitting the self-styled saloon singer. "We've been expecting this for some time," said Kennedy, 28. "We promised that when the day came, we'd all go out and get stinking drunk and listen to Frank. That's what we're going to do  find some old man bar, pop quarters into the jukebox, listen to Sinatra all night and drown our sorrows." In Los Angeles, at Hollywood and Vine, once the crossroads of Hollywood's golden era, fans left messages and flowers on one of Sinatra's three stars on the Walk of Fame. "He'll be missed, but his legacy will go on forever," said Ray Martinez, a disc jockey who once worked at a party at the entertainer's house. In his car, Martinez had taped a picture of Sinatra, with the message:


King Henry VIII - Facts, Information, Biography & Portraits King Henry VIII – Facts, Information, Biography & Portraits Portrait of King Henry VIII by an unknown artist ‘My, you ought to seen old Henry the Eight when he was in bloom. He was a blossom. He used to marry a new wife every day, and chop off her head next morning. And he would do it just as indifferent as if he was ordering up eggs. ‘Fetch up Nell Gwynn,’ he says. They fetch her up. Next morning, ‘Chop off her head!’ And they chop it off. ‘Fetch up Jane Shore,’ he says; and up she comes. Next morning, ‘Chop off her head’ – and they chop it off. ‘Ring up Fair Rosamun.’ Fair Rosamun answers the bell. Next morning, ‘Chop off her head.’ And he made every one of them tell him a tale every night; and he kept that up till he had hogged a thousand and one tales that way, and then he put them all in a book, and called it Domesday Book – which was a good name and stated the case. You don’t know kings, Jim, but I know them; and this old rip of ourn is one of the cleanest I’ve struck in history. Well, Henry he takes a notion he wants to get up some trouble with this country. How does he go at it – give notice? – give the country a show? No. All of a sudden he heaves all the tea in Boston Harbor overboard, and whacks out a declaration of independence, and dares them to come on. That was his style – he never give anybody a chance. He had suspicions of his father, the Duke of Wellington. Well, what did he do? – ask him to show up? No – drownded him in a butt of mamsey, like a cat. Spose people left money laying around where he was – what did he do? He collared it. Spose he contracted to do a thing; and you paid him, and didn’t set down there and see that he done it – what did he do? He always done the other thing. Spose he opened his mouth – what then? If he didn’t shut it up powerful quick, he’d lose a lie, every time. That’s the kind of a bug Henry was…. All I say is, kings is kings, and you got to make allowances. Take them all around, they’re a mighty ornery lot. It’s the way they’re raised.’ I have no fear but when you heard that our Prince, now Henry the Eighth, whom we may call our Octavius, had succeeded to his father’s throne, all your melancholy left you at once. What may you not promise yourself from a Prince with whose extraordinary and almost Divine character you are acquainted? When you know what a hero he now shows himself, how wisely he behaves, what a lover he is of justice and goodness, what affection he bears to the learned I will venture to swear that you will need no wings to make you fly to behold this new and auspicious star. If you could see how all the world here is rejoicing in the possession of so great a Prince, how his life is all their desire, you could not contain your tears for joy. The heavens laugh, the earth exults, all things are full of milk, of honey, of nectar! Avarice is expelled the country. Liberality scatters wealth with bounteous hand. Our King does not desire gold or gems or precious metals, but virtue, glory, immortality. Lord Mountjoy to Erasmus, 1509   A brief discussion of his personality and historical importance How can one adequately describe Henry’s personality? Imagine yourself as Henry VIII, the second son suddenly yanked into the spotlight by your older brother’s death. Sheltered and smothered by a father suddenly aware that he has just one heir left; handsome and intelligent and, by turns, both recklessly indulged and then denied. Any of us would have emerged as a mass of contradictions and frustrations. So Henry VIII, crowned king at the prime of his life, just eighteen years old and physically magnificent with more enthusiasm and energy than most of his contemporaries, became a conflicted and confused man. But it is a shame to let the last twenty years of his life color the interpretation of his entire life. One should not see him as simply an ogre king who beheaded two wives, divorced two others, and rejected another in one of the most humiliating ways possible. His personality was quite amazing; his intelligence, l


What is the Capital of San Marino? - Capital-of.com Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com Capital of San Marino The Capital City of San Marino (officially named Republic of San Marino) is the city of San Marino. The population of San Marino was . San Marino is an Italian speaking country that does not border with any sea. Additional Information


Which painter, who was born in Paris, France in 1848 and died in 1903 at Atuona, Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, had lived at various times in Lima (Peru), Orlans (France), Copenhagen (Denmark), Panama, Saint Pierre (Martinique), Pont-Aven (France), Arles (France), Mataiea Village (Tahiti), Punaauia (Tahiti)?

Paul Gauguin on ArtStack - art online Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin ( /ɡoʊˈɡæn/ ; French:  [øʒɛn ɑ̃ʁi pɔl ɡoɡɛ̃] ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French post-Impressionist artist. Underappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of color and synthetist style that were distinctly different from Impressionism . His work was influential to the French avant-garde and many modern artists, such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse . Gauguin's art became popular after his death, partially from the efforts of art dealer Ambroise Vollard , who organized exhibitions of his work late in his career, as well as assisting in organizing two important posthumous exhibitions in Paris. [1] [2] Many of his paintings were in the possession of Russian collector Sergei Shchukin [3] and other important collections. He was an important figure in the Symbolist movement as a painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, and writer. His bold experimentation with color led directly to the Synthetist style of modern art , while his expression of the inherent meaning of the subjects in his paintings, under the influence of the cloisonnist style , paved the way to Primitivism and the return to the pastoral . He was also an influential proponent of wood engraving and woodcuts as art forms. [4] [5] Contents Family History and Early life[ edit ] Aline Marie Chazal Tristán, (1825-1867) "The Artist's Mother", 1889, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart . Gauguin's maternal grandmother, Flora Tristan (1803-1844) in 1838 Gauguin was born in Paris, France to Clovis Gauguin and Alina Maria Chazal on June 7, 1848. His birth coincided with revolutionary upheavals throughout Europe that year. His father, a 34-year-old liberal journalist came from a family of petit-bourgeoisie entrepreneurs residing in Orléans. [6] He was compelled to flee France when the newspaper for which he wrote was suppressed by French authorities. [7] Gauguin's mother, the 22-year-old Aline Marie Chazal, was the daughter of Andre Chazal, an engraver, and Flora Tristan, an author and activist in early socialist movements. Their union ended when Andre assaulted his wife Flora and was sentenced to prison for attempted murder. [8] Paul Gauguin's maternal grandmother, Flora Tristan, was the illegitimate daughter of Thérèse Laisnay and Don Mariano de Tristan Moscoso. Details of Thérèse's family background are not known; her father, Don Mariano, was a Spanish nobleman and an officer of the Dragoons. [9] Members of the wealthy Tristan Moscoso family held powerful positions in Peru. [10] Nonetheless, Don Mariano's unexpected death plunged his mistress and daughter Flora into poverty. [11] When Flora's marriage with Andre failed, she petitioned for and obtained a small monetary settlement from her father's Peruvian relatives. She sailed to Peru in hopes of enlarging her share of the Tristan Moscoso family fortune. This never materialized; but she successfully published a popular travelogue of her experiences in Peru which launched her literary career in 1838. An active supporter of early socialist societies, Gauguin's maternal grandmother helped to lay the foundations for the 1848 revolutionary movements. Placed under surveillance by French police and suffering from overwork, she died in 1844. [12] Her grandson Paul "idolized his grandmother, and kept copies of her books with him to the end of his life." [13] In 1850, Clovis Gauguin departed for Peru with his wife Alina and young children in hopes of continuing his journalistic career under the auspices of his wife's South American relations. [14] He died of a heart attack en route, and Alina arrived in Peru a widow with the 18-month-old Paul and his 2 ½ year-old sister, Marie. Gauguin's mother was welcomed by her paternal granduncle, whose son-in-law would shortly assume the presidency of Peru. [15] To the age of six, Paul enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attended by nursemaids and servants. He retained a vivid memory of that period of his childhood which instilled "indelible impressions of Peru that haunted him the rest of his lif


In August 2005 the robotic rover Spirit explored the surface of what?

Mars Exploration Rover | Britannica.com Mars Exploration Rover planet Mars Exploration Rover, either of a pair of U.S. robotic vehicles that explored the surface of Mars beginning in January 2004. The mission of each rover was to study the chemical and physical composition of the surface at various locations in order to help determine whether water had ever existed on the planet and to search for other signs that the planet might have supported some form of life. Artist’s conception of Mars Exploration Rover. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory The twin rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, were launched on June 10 and July 7, 2003, respectively. Spirit touched down in Gusev crater on Jan. 3, 2004. Three weeks later, on January 24, Opportunity landed in a crater on the equatorial plain called Meridiani Planum on the opposite side of the planet. Both six-wheeled 18-kg (40-pound) rovers were equipped with cameras and a suite of instruments that included a microscopic imager, a rock-grinding tool, and infrared , gamma-ray , and alpha-particle spectrometers that analyzed the rocks, soil , and dust around their landing sites. The landing sites had been chosen because they appeared to have been affected by water in Mars’s past. Both rovers found evidence of past water; perhaps the most dramatic was the discovery by Opportunity of rocks that appeared to have been laid down at the shoreline of an ancient body of salty water. Each rover was designed for a nominal 90-day mission but functioned so well that operations were extended several times. NASA finally decided to continue operating the two landers until they failed to respond to commands from Earth. In August 2005, Spirit reached the summit of Husband Hill, 82 metres (269 feet) above the Gusev crater plain. Spirit and Opportunity continued to work even after a significant Martian dust storm in 2007 coated their solar cells . Opportunity entered Victoria crater, an impact crater roughly 800 metres (2,600 feet) in diameter and 70 metres (230 feet) deep, on Sept. 11, 2007, on the riskiest trek yet for either of the rovers. On Aug. 28, 2008, Opportunity emerged from Victoria crater and set off on a 12-km (7-mile) journey to the much larger (22 km [14 miles] in diameter) Endeavour crater. The promontory called “Cape Verde” on the rim of Victoria crater as seen by … NASA/JPL/Cornell Methane Surge Worries Scientists In May 2009 Spirit became stuck in soft, sandy soil; its wheels were unable to gain any traction. Scientists on Earth strove for months to free the rover, sending it commands to move in various directions, but without success, and in January 2010 NASA decided that Spirit would work from then on as a stationary lander. The rover had traveled more than 7.7 km (4.8 miles) in its mobile lifetime. On March 22, 2010, Spirit ceased transmitting to Earth, and NASA considered it to be dead. By that time its twin, Opportunity, had driven more than 20 km (12.4 miles).


What is the name of the government-owned corporation that provides the intercity passenger train service in the USA?

Types of Passenger Rail | States for Passenger Rail Coalition States for Passenger Rail Coalition Types of Passenger Rail Long Distance Passenger Rail Service Long-distance trains travel between many cities and/or regions of a country, and sometimes cross several countries. They often have a dining car or restaurant car to allow passengers to have a meal during the course of their journey. Trains traveling overnight may also have sleeping cars. Amtrak The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak, is a government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971, to provide intercity passenger train service in the United States. "Amtrak" is a amalgam of the words "America" and "track". It is headquartered at Union Station in Washington, D.C. Amtrak employs nearly 19,000 people. It operates 305 passenger trains with daily service on 21,000 miles of track primarily owned by freight railroads connecting 500 destinations in 46 states and three Canadian provinces. All of Amtrak's preferred stock is owned by the U.S. federal government. The members of its board of directors are appointed by the President of the United States and are subject to confirmation by the United States Senate. Common stock was issued in 1971 to railroads that contributed capital and equipment but these shares convey almost no benefits. Their current holders declined a 2002 buy-out offer by Amtrak. State-Supported Intercity Passenger Rail Some states have operated intercity passenger service for over two decades. Currently, 15 states operate corridor trains representing 48 percent of Amtrak's total ridership and 25 percent of Amtrak's revenue. In 2010, state corridor trains had a 6.5 percent increase in ridership and a 12.5 percent increase in revenues. Outside the Northeast Corridor, state-supported routes are Amtrak's fastest growing rail lines. Commuter Rail Commuter Rail provides passenger service between central cities and their suburbs. Commuter rail trains typically operate only on work days and during commute hours. Most riders make trips of less than 50 miles for work, school, or errands. These trains typically run on the same railroad tracks as freight trains and often share some stations with Amtrak intercity trains. Light Rail Light Rail passenger service refers to the number of riders that the train can carry, not the weight. Light rail trains provide passenger service within a city and its suburbs. They operate on their own tracks—they don't share tracks with commuter rail, Amtrak, or freight trains—but sometimes share right-of-way with automobiles. They also run at frequent intervals and typically run not only in commute hours but also during the day, weekends, and evenings. Monorail A monorail is railway having a single track for passenger or freight vehicles. In most cases, the rail is elevated. Monorail was developed to meet medium-demand traffic in urban transit, but represents a relatively small part of the overall railway field. Tram/Trolley Referred to as a streetcar or trolley car, it is a rail vehicle which—at least in parts of its route—runs on tracks in streets. It may also run between cities and/or towns, and/or partially grade separated even in the cities. Trams are designed for the transport of passengers and are usually lighter and shorter than conventional trains and rapid transit trains. Heritage Trains Heritage trains are operated by volunteers, often railfans, as a tourist attraction. Usually trains are formed from historic vehicles retired from national commercial operation.


Which bank robber, whose exploits were sensationalized across the USA, was shot dead by police in an ambush outside the Biograph Theater in Chicago in 1934?

Life And Death Of Pretty Boy Floyd | Download eBook PDF/EPUB Privacy Policy life and death of pretty boy floyd Download life and death of pretty boy floyd or read online here in PDF or EPUB. Please click button to get life and death of pretty boy floyd book now. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so don't worry about it. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the widget. Author by : Jeffery S. King Languange : en Publisher by : Kent State University Press Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read : 48 Publisher by : W. W. Norton & Company Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read : 40 Total Download : 348 File Size : 45,8 Mb Description : Presents the life of one of America's most notorious criminals, describing "Pretty Boy" Floyd's coming of age in poverty, his descent into petty crime and bootlegging, his stormy marriage, murders, jail terms, and violent death. Publisher by : Da Capo Press Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read : 30 Total Download : 158 File Size : 55,6 Mb Description : Chronicles the life of the nation's first "celebrity criminal" who made the FBI's "Public Enemy" hit list discussing his criminal adventures and focusing attention on crimes he planned but never executed. Publisher by : Simon and Schuster Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read : 98 Total Download : 828 File Size : 51,8 Mb Description : The time is 1925. The place, St. Louis, Missouri. Charley Floyd, a good-looking, sweet-smiling country boy from Oklahoma, is about to rob his first armored car. Written by Pulitzer Prize winner Larry McMurtry and his writing partner, Diana Ossana, Pretty Boy Floyd traces the wild career of this legendary American folk hero, a young man so charming that it's hard not to like him, even as he's robbing you at gunpoint. From the bank heists and shootings that make him Public Enemy Number One to the women who love him, from the glamour-hungry nation that worships him to the G-men who track Charley down, Pretty Boy Floyd is both a richly comic masterpiece and an American tragedy about the price of fame and the corruption of innocence. Publisher by : Cumberland House Publishing Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read : 93 Total Download : 872 File Size : 45,6 Mb Description : Using new information that comes from the formerly classified files of the FBI, this book tells the full story of the remarkable criminal career of Baby Face Nelson. Illustrations. Author by : Elliott J. Gorn Languange : en Publisher by : Oxford University Press Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read : 21 Total Download : 909 File Size : 43,7 Mb Description : In an era that witnessed the rise of celebrity outlaws like Baby Face Nelson, Pretty Boy Floyd, and Bonnie and Clyde, John Dillinger was the most famous and flamboyant of them all. Reports on the man and his misdeeds--spiced with accounts of his swashbuckling bravado and cool daring--provided an America worn down by the Great Depression with a salacious mix of sex and violence that proved irresistible. In Dillinger's Wild Ride, Elliott J. Gorn provides a riveting account of the year between 1933 and 1934, when the Dillinger gang pulled over a dozen bank jobs and stole hundreds of thousands of dollars. A dozen men--police, FBI agents, gangsters, and civilians--lost their lives in the rampage, and American newspapers breathlessly followed every shooting and jail-break. As Dillinger's wild year unfolded, the tale grew larger and larger in newspapers and newsreels, and even today, Dillinger is the subject of pulp literature, serious poetry and fiction, and film. What is the power of his story? Why has it lingered so long? Who was John Dillinger? Gorn illuminates the significance of Dillinger's tremendous fame and the endurance of his legacy, arguing that he represented an American fascination with primitive freedom against social convention. Dillinger's story has much to tell us about our enduring fascination with outlaws, crime and violence, about the complexity of our transition from


If you were at a hoedown what would you do?

City High - What Would You Do? Lyrics | MetroLyrics What Would You Do? Lyrics New! Highlight lyrics to add Meanings, Special Memories, and Misheard Lyrics... Submit Corrections Cancel Advisory - the following lyrics contain explicit language: Boys and girls, wanna hear a true story? Saturday night was at this real wild party They had the liquor overflowin' the cup About 5 or 6 strippers trying to work for a buck And I took one girl outside with me Her name was Lonnie, she went to Junior High with me I said, "Why you up in there dancing for cash? I guess a whole lots changed since I seen you last" She said What would you do if your son was at home Crying all alone Cause he's hungry and the only way to feed him is to Sleep with a man for a little bit of money? And his daddy's gone somewhere smokin' rock now In and out of lock down I ain't got a job now So for you this is just a good time But for me this is what I call life Girl, you ain't the only one with a baby That's no excuse to be living all crazy Then she looked me right square in the eye And said, "Everyday I wake up hopin' to die" She said, "Nigga, I know about pain 'cause me and my sister ran away So my daddy couldn't rape us Before I was a teenager I done been through more shit You can't even relate to!" What would you do if your son was at home Crying all alone Cause he's hungry and the only way to feed him is to Sleep with a man for a little bit of money? And his daddy's gone somewhere smokin' rock now In and out of lock down I ain't got a job now So for you this is just a good time But for me this is what I call life Hold up! Then she said, what would you do? Get up on my feet and let go off every excuse What would you do? 'Cause I wouldn't want my baby to go through what I went through C'mon, what would you do? Get up on my feet, stop making tired excuses What would you do? Girl, I know if my mother can do it, baby, you can do it Oooo, oooo, oooo What would you do if your son was at home Crying all alone Cause he's hungry and the only way to feed him is to Sleep with a man for a little bit of money? And his daddy's gone somewhere smokin' rock now In and out of lock down I ain't got a job now So for you this is just a good time But for me this is what I call life What would you do if your son was at home Crying all alone on the bedroom floor Cause he's hungry and the only way to feed him is to Sleep with a man for a little bit of money? And his daddy's gone somewhere smoking rock now In and out of lock down I ain't got a job now So for you this is just a good time But for me this is what I call life Come on What would you do if your son was at home Crying all alone


By what name was Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar better known?

Rodrigo Diaz " El Cid" de Vivar (d 1099) Bio Sketch - Photos and Stories — FamilySearch.org Rodrigo Diaz " El Cid" de Vivar (d 1099) Bio Sketch · · BIO:  The Cid; buried in the Cloister of San Pedro de Cardena, at Burgos, Spain. ** from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CastilNob.htm#ElviraRodriquezMRamiroNavarre, as of 11/6/2014 RODRIGO Díaz de Vivar (Vivar near Burgos [1043]-Valencia [10] Jul 1099, bur monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña). The Historia Roderici names Rodrigo Díaz el Campeador as son of “Diego Laínez…[and] the daughter of Rodrigo Álvarez”[392]. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Rodric Diaç" as the son of "Díac Layniç" and his wife "fija de Roy Díaz Álvariz d'Esturias", specifying that "el rey don Sancho de Castieylla" raised him after his father died[393]. Known as "El Cid Campeador". He was brought up in the household of Sancho, future Sancho II King of Castle, and fought with the prince at the battle of Graus 8 May 1063[394]. Alférez of Sancho II King of Castile 1066[395]. "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her, including "villas que michi saccarunt Albaro Faniz et Albaro Albariz sobrinis meis", with "comes Petro Assuriz et comes Garsea Ordonniz" as guarantors, by charter dated 19 Jul 1074[396]. “Munnioni comite, Gundissalbo comite, Didaco Gundissalbiz...Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Rodrico Diaz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jun 1079 under which "Maria" donated property “in Aquilare medietatem...monasterio de Sancti Martini...alio monasterio in Aquilare, Sancta Juliana” to San Pedro de Cardeña[397]. "...Rodrigo Didaz..." confirmed the charter dated 8 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI decreed that no representative of the king could enter Sahagún[398]. Lord and independent ruler of Valencia 1094-1099. Dozy highlights a passage, written by Ibn-Bassâm in 1109, which records that "un chien de Galice appelé Rodrigue et surnommé le Campéador" captured Valencia in "488"[399]. The "Corónicas" Navarras record that "meo Çid" died in Valencia in May 1132 and was buried "a Sanct Per de Cardeyna, prob de Burgos"[400]. The Chronicon Burgense records the death in 1099 of “Rodericus Campidoctor”[401].  m ([19 Jul] 1074) JIMENA Díaz, daughter of conde DIEGO Fernández & his second wife Cristina Fernández (-1106). The "Corónicas" Navarras record that "este meo Çid" married "dona Xemena, nieta del rey don Alfonsso, filla del conte don Diago de Asturias"[402]. "Rodric Diaz et uxor mea Scemena" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 12 May 1076[403]. She attempted to retain control of Valencia after her husband's death but finally evacuated the city in [Apr/May] 1102. The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1106 of “Dona Ximena su muger [del Cid]”[404].  Rodrigo & his wife had three children: (a)    DIEGO Rodríguez (-killed in battle Consuegra 1097). (b)    ELVIRA [Cristina] Rodríguez ([1080]-). m ([1100]) RAMIRO Sánchez de Navarra Señor de Monzón y Urroz, son of SANCHO García de Navarra Señor de Uncastillo y Sangüesa & his first wife Constanza Sánchez (-[Jan/Feb] 1116). (c)    MARÍA [Sol] Rodríguez (-[4 Aug 1104/before 1 Nov 1106]). [m firstly (1098) Infante don PEDRO de Aragon y Navarra, son of PEDRO I King of Aragon and Navarre & his first wife Agnès d'Aquitaine (-1 Feb 1104, bur 18 Aug 1104 San Juan de la Peña[414]).] m [secondly] ([1104]) as his first wife, RAMÓN BERENGUER III "el Grande" Conde de Barcelona, son of RAMÓN BERENGUER II "Cap d'Estopes" Conde de Barcelona & his wife Mathilde di Apulia (11 Nov 1082-19 Jul 1131).  ** from The Making of Spain (Gabriel Jackson) p 64+ ...The Cid had been the field commander of the Castilian armies under Sancho, and had administered the oath which had made possible the accession of Alfonso in 1072. He had performed several dipolomatic services for Alfonso, and the latter, seeking a firm conciliation with his formidable vassal, had offered in marriage in niece Jimena. In 1081 the Cid had conducted an un


When the Olympics was resurrected in modern times, with a Summer Olympics in 1896, where were the games held?

The Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com The Olympic Games A+E Networks Introduction The Olympic Games, which originated in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, were revived in the late 19th century and have become the world’s preeminent sporting competition. From the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D., the Games were held every four years in Olympia, located in the western Peloponnese peninsula, in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in 1896 in Athens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately and have alternated every two years. Google The Olympics in Ancient Greece The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 B.C., when a cook named Coroebus won the only event–a 192-meter footrace called the stade (the origin of the modern “stadium”)–to become the first Olympic champion. However, it is generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years by that time. Legend has it that Heracles (the Roman Hercules ), son of Zeus and the mortal woman Alcmene, founded the Games, which by the end of the 6th century B.C had become the most famous of all Greek sporting festivals. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location at Olympia, a sacred site located near the western coast of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. Their influence was so great that ancient historians began to measure time by the four-year increments in between Olympic Games, which were known as Olympiads. Did You Know? The 1896 Games featured the first Olympic marathon, which followed the 25-mile route run by the Greek soldier who brought news of a victory over the Persians from Marathon to Athens in 490 B.C. Fittingly, Greece's Spyridon Louis won the first gold medal in the event. In 1924, the distance would be standardized to 26 miles and 385 yards. After 13 Olympiads, two more races joined the stade as Olympic events: the diaulos (roughly equal to today’s 400-meter race), and the dolichos (a longer-distance race, possibly comparable to the 1,500-meter or 5,000-meter event). The pentathlon (consisting of five events: a foot race, a long jump, discus and javelin throws and a wrestling match) was introduced in 708 B.C., boxing in 688 B.C. and chariot racing in 680 B.C. In 648 B.C., pankration, a combination of boxing and wrestling with virtually no rules, debuted as an Olympic event. Participation in the ancient Olympic Games was initially limited to freeborn male citizens of Greece; there were no women’s events, and married women were prohibited from attending the competition. Decline and Revival of the Olympic Tradition After the Roman Empire conquered Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality declined. In one notorious example from A.D. 67, the decadent Emperor Nero entered an Olympic chariot race, only to disgrace himself by declaring himself the winner even after he fell off his chariot during the event. In A.D. 393, Emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, called for a ban on all “pagan” festivals, ending the ancient Olympic tradition after nearly 12 centuries. It would be another 1,500 years before the Games would rise again, largely thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. Dedicated to the promotion of physical education, the young baron became inspired by the idea of creating a modern Olympic Games after visiting the ancient Olympic site. In November 1892, at a meeting of the Union des Sports Athlétiques in Paris, Coubertin proposed the idea of reviving the Olympics as an international athletic competition held every four years. Two years later, he got the approval he needed to found the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which would become the governing body of the modern Olympic Games. The Olympics Through the Years The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in


What species of spiny lobster is probably the longest decapod crustacean in the world, growing to lengths of up to 60 centimetres (24 in)?

Australian Seafood Exports - Lobster Grading Information Lobster Grading Information Scientific Name - Sagmariasus verreauxi Eastern Rock Lobster Description Sagmariasus verreauxi is a species of spiny lobster that lives around northern New Zealand, the Kermadec Islands the Chatham Islands and Australia from Queensland to Tasmania. It is probably the longest decapod crustacean in the world, alongside the American lobster Homarus americanus, growing to lengths of up to 60 centimetres. Scientific Name - Panulirus cygnus Western Rock Lobster Description The species has five pairs of legs that are used to move across the ocean floor, the fifth set possessing claws in the female, and six smaller pairs are located at the mouth. The eyes are located at the ends of stalks. They vary in colour from a brownish purple to a pale colour. The exoskeleton is segmented, and must be shed as the animal grows. The largest recorded specimen is 5.5 kilograms, but a maximum weight of 5.5 kg is considered typical. The average accepted form of measurement, that of the carapace, is from 80 to 100 millimetres in length. Frozen - Whole Cooked & Raw


"In what country was the ""Red Cross"" founded?"

Our History | American Red Cross History History A Brief History of the American Red Cross As one of the nation’s premier humanitarian organizations, the American Red Cross is dedicated to helping people in need throughout the United States and, in association with other Red Cross networks, throughout the world. We depend on the many generous contributions of time, blood, and money from the American public to support our lifesaving services and programs. Clara Barton and a circle of her acquaintances founded the American Red Cross in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881. Barton first heard of the Swiss-inspired global Red Cross network while visiting Europe following the Civil War. Returning home, she campaigned for an American Red Cross and for ratification of the Geneva Convention protecting the war-injured, which the United States ratified in 1882. Barton led the Red Cross for 23 years, during which time we conducted our first domestic and overseas disaster relief efforts, aided the United States military during the Spanish-American War, and campaigned successfully for the inclusion of peacetime relief work as part of the global Red Cross network–the so-called “American Amendment” that initially met with some resistance in Europe. The Red Cross received our first congressional charter in 1900 and a second in 1905, the year after Barton resigned from the organization. The most recent version of the charter, which was adopted in May 2007, restates the traditional purposes of the organization which include giving relief to and serving as a medium of communication between members of the American armed forces and their families and providing national and international disaster relief and mitigation. Prior to the First World War, the Red Cross introduced its first aid, water safety, and public health nursing programs. With the outbreak of war, the organization experienced phenomenal growth. The number of local chapters jumped from 107 in 1914 to 3,864 in 1918 and membership grew from 17,000 to over 20 million adult and 11 million Junior Red Cross members. The public contributed $400 million in funds and material to support Red Cross programs, including those for American and Allied forces and civilian refugees. The Red Cross staffed hospitals and ambulance companies and recruited 20,000 registered nurses to serve the military. Additional Red Cross nurses came forward to combat the worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918. After the war, the Red Cross focused on service to veterans and enhanced our programs in safety training, accident prevention, home care for the sick, and nutrition education. We also provided relief for victims of such major disasters as the Mississippi River floods in 1927 and severe drought and the Depression during the 1930s. The Second World War called upon the Red Cross to provide extensive services once again to the U.S. military, Allies, and civilian war victims. We enrolled more than 104,000 nurses for military service, prepared 27 million packages for American and Allied prisoners of war, and shipped over 300,000 tons of supplies overseas. At the military’s request, the Red Cross also initiated a national blood program that collected 13.3 million pints of blood for use by the armed forces. After World War II, the Red Cross introduced the first nationwide civilian blood program that now supplies more than 40 percent of the blood and blood products in this country. During the 1990s, we engineered a massive modernization of our blood services operations to improve the safety of our blood products. We continued to provide services to members of the armed forces and their families, including during the Korean, Vietnam, and Gulf wars. The Red Cross also expanded our services into such fields as civil defense, CPR/AED training, HIV/AIDS education, and the provision of emotional care and support in the wake of disasters. Since 2006, the Red Cross and FEMA have worked together helping government agencies and community organizations plan, coordinate and provide feeding, sheltering and family reunification services


Which city, on the River Arno, is the capital of the region of Tuscany?

Tuscany (Toscana), Pisa, Florence (Firenze), Italy HD - YouTube Tuscany (Toscana), Pisa, Florence (Firenze), Italy HD Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Feb 12, 2014 Pisa is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. Known worldwide for its leaning tower the bell tower of the city's cathedral. Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. Florence is famous for its history, art and is also an important city in Italian fashion, being ranked within the top fifty fashion capitals of the world. Category


What is a common chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent unprovoked seizures, which are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain?

Epilepsy: The Top Five Drugs Epilepsy: The Top Five Drugs Wednesday, 29 Sep 2010 11:46 AM Close       A   A    Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. A majority of epileptic seizures are controlled by drug therapy, particularly using anticonvulsant drugs. The type of treatment prescribed depends on several factors including the frequency and severity of the seizure and the person's age, overall health, and medical history.   Anti-epileptic drugs are also called "anti-convulsants" since they prevent convulsions. Some prefer to call them anti-epileptics because not all forms of epilepsy involve convulsions. Many drugs are available to treat epilepsy. Several of them have been released only recently. The five most important drugs used to treat epilepsy include:     Other Drugs Other drugs include: Depakene, Depakote, Depakote ER, Valium, and similar tranquilizers such as Tranxene and Klonopin. Newer drugs to treat epilepsy include: Felbatol, Gabitril, Keppra, Lamictal, Lyrica, Neurontin, Topamzx, Trileptal, and Zonegran.   It is preferable to stick to one drug, since there is a risk of interaction between anti-epileptic drugs. Indeed, some neurologists say that any patient taking more than one such drug is being mismanaged.   Ketogenic Diet The ketogenic diet has received much attention lately. It is effective for treating certain types of epilepsy. It is used most frequently in children with seizures that have not responded to medical therapy. The diet is usually started at the hospital. If successful, it is often maintained for two to three years.   New Treatment Another relatively new treatment involves electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. This treatment requires minor surgery to implant a stimulator. It is about the size of a silver dollar. The stimulator is placed under the skin in the upper chest, like a pacemaker. The treatment appears to be effective for seizures that do not respond well to medications alone.   Some top treatment centers for epilepsy are: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. Cleveland Clinic Share FastFeatures Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. A majority of epileptic seizures are controlled by... Information,on,epilepsy,epilepsy,drug,treatment,drug,treatment,for,epilepsy,epilepsy,drug,treatment,centers,the,treatment,of,epilepsy. Wednesday, 29 Sep 2010 11:46 AM 2010-46-29 Powered by Newsmax PLEASE NOTE: All information presented on Newsmax.com is for informational purposes only. It is not specific medical advice for any individual. All answers to reader questions are provided for informational purposes only. All information presented on our websites should not be construed as medical consultation or instruction. You should take no action solely on the basis of this publication’s contents. Readers are advised to consult a health professional about any issue regarding their health and well-being. While the information found on our websites is believed to be sensible and accurate based on the author’s best judgment, readers who fail to seek counsel from appropriate health professionals assume risk of any potential ill effects. The opinions expressed in Newsmaxhealth.com and Newsmax.com do not necessarily reflect those of Newsmax Media. Please note that this advice is generic and not specific to any individual. You should consult with your doctor before undertaking any medical or nutritional course of action. Keeping you up to speed on Lifestyle, health, and money-saving tips


Manchuria is the historical name given to a vast geographic region that falls mostly within what country?

Manchuria - Metapedia Manchuria Russian name Russian Маньчжурия Romanization Mantszjoerija Manchuria is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Asia . In 1936 its area was 460,383 square miles. [1] Today it falls almost entirely within Red China , and is commonly referred to as North-east China, and historically referred to as Guandong, which literally means "East of the (Shanhaiguan) Pass/Mountain". Contents History The South Manchurian Railway HQ offices at Hsinking Manchuria contains the old Chinese provinces of Fengtien, Kirin, Heilungkiang, and Jehol [2] . The region is the traditional homeland of the Xianbei , Khitan , and Jurchen , who built several dynasties in northern China. It is also the home of the Manchus , after whom Manchuria is named. Manchuria saw increasingly significant Russian influence as Imperial Russia consolidated itself in Siberia and on the Pacific coast. During the 19th century European powers' interventions in the Chinese Empire , resulted in a number of coastal concessions including Hong Kong , Weihaiwei (both British), the concessions in Hankow , the German colony of Tsingtau and the International Settlement at Shanghai [3] , and the Russian government, having taken a small part in suppression of the Boxer Rebellion , also sought concessions. These included a large Russian concession in Harbin , a lease of Port Arthur and it's peninsula, and the construction of the South Manchuria Railway, which would be entirely under Russian control and management. [4] Harbin with some of its pre-1940 buildings. Northern Manchuria also came under strong Russian influence with the building by them via a concession of the Chinese Eastern Railway through Harbin to Vladivostok . In the Chuang Guandong movement, many Han farmers, mostly from the Shandong peninsula moved there. By 1921, Harbin, northern Manchuria's largest city, had a population of 300,000, including 100,000 Russians . [5] Incoming Japanese Navy troops replace departing Russian troops following Russia's defeat in 1905. Following the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 [6] the Imperial Chinese Government signed new treaties with Japan agreeing to the transfer of the Russian treaties to them, under the same terms and conditions, as well as other concessions. [7] Japan proceeded to extend their economic development in southern Manchuria in particular. It was argued by Sir F. Lindley, writing from the British Embassy in Tokyo to Sir John Simon in London on December 23, 1931, that given the great risks Japan had taken in the war with Russia that "Manchuria represents something sacred to the mind of the Japanese nation." [8] The collapse of the Chinese Empire and fall of its ancient monarchy meant that Manchuria became largely reliable upon warlords for its government: corruption became endemic and bandit gangs numbering thousands raided towns and the railways. [9] In addition the Chinese had built another main railway through south Manchuria which was forbidden in the treaties with Russia and Japan, the latter seeing this as as a serious threat to their massive trade interests, protested, to no avail. [10] In the meantime attacks on their railways resulted in an increased Japanese military presence. Friction between the Japanese and Chinese authorities became aggravated after Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang, the governor of Manchuria, declared his allegiance to the nationalist regime at Nanking at a time when relations between China and Japan were at breaking point, mainly due to the anarchy throughout China. Manchukuo The Emperor of Manchukuo Following the placing and detonating by the Chinese of a massive bomb beneath the South Manchurian railway the Japanese occupied Mukden on September 18, 1931 [11] and quickly extended their occupation to almost all of Manchuria. The Chinese government at Nanking protested to the League of Nations and on December 10, 1931 the League's Council decided to appoint a Commission of Enquiry into any disturbance which "threatens to disturb peace between China and Japan." [12] On December 13, 1931, the Bri


"""Now is the winter of our discontent"" is a line from which play?"

Richard III: Entire Play Exeunt SCENE V. Another part of the field. Alarum. Enter KING RICHARD III and RICHMOND; they fight. KING RICHARD III is slain. Retreat and flourish. Re-enter RICHMOND, DERBY bearing the crown, with divers other Lords