Who played Violet Kray, the mother, in the 1990 film ‘The Krays’?

The Krays Movie Review & Film Summary (1990) | Roger Ebert Tweet London had never seen anything quite like the brothers Kray, the sadistic twins who ran a protection empire and palled around with cafe society. They became celebrities of a sort. British professional criminals followed a more genteel tradition until the Krays came along in the 1950s and early 1960s. You might have gotten bashed on the head or even, after great provocation, shot dead, but until the Krays, it was unlikely anyone would pull out a sword and redecorate your face. Advertisement The Krays got a reputation for performing their sickest crimes themselves, and then turning up, immaculately dressed, at posh nightclubs. The British tabloids made an industry out of them, but what nobody could quite believe was that they really did go back home every night to the humble East End semi-detached home they shared with their Cockney mom. The genius of "The Krays," Peter Medak 's new film about the most notorious villains of modern British crime, is that the movie is not simply a catalog of stabbings, garrotings and bloodletting. It goes deeper than into the twisted pathology of twins whose faces would light up with joy when their mom told them they looked just like proper gentlemen. Reggie and Ronnie, their names were. Ronnie was the instigator, the one who got off on killing, and Reggie was the weaker one who killed only once, under Ronnie's insistent pressure, but at the time there was nothing to choose between them: They were the two most feared men in the East End. And their mother, Violet, was treated very, very nicely, wherever she went. Advertisement "She was the most important love interest in their lives," Billie Whitelaw was musing one afternoon after the movie's North American premiere. Whitelaw is the distinguished British actress who is known as the foremost interpreter of the works of Samuel Beckett, and she plays Mother Kray in the movie. It's quite a performance. "Violet was just as well-known as the twins," she said, "but for different reasons. She was a classic East End mother figure. And the whole focus of the movie is domestic. Violet and her boys. There's a most horrific film to be made about the Krays, because what Peter Medak has done is just the tip of the iceberg of the atrocities they committed. If you wanted to make a gory horror movie out of the Krays, it's all there to make. But Peter has actually made a domestic film about a mother and her two sons." In "The Krays" (opening Friday in Chicago at the Fine Arts), Violet cheerfully rules her husband; her other son, Charlie, and all the neighbors and relatives. She's a forcible, opinionated, strong-willed woman who knows when she holds her twins for the first time that they're destined to be special. As children, they were mean and violent, and forged a strange bond of twinship that distrusted the rest of the world - except for Violet. She could see no evil in them. She doted even on their "business," which all London knew was extortion. Advertisement In the film, the Krays are played by brothers, Gary and Martin Kemp, whose sleek, good looks seem right at home in expensive suits and polished shoes. Their performances suggest an eerie quality to the twins - the notion that they are never entirely offstage, that everything they say is for effect, sometimes ironic effect, and that they are never more dangerous than when their oily politeness is on display. Whitelaw knew the twins at height of their powers. "I was working at the Theatre Workshop with Joan Littlewood," Whitelaw remembered, "and they were around then. They actually offered Joan protection, but I think it was a courteous, nice protection. They loved theatricals." And yet the protection they were offering, I said, was basically protection against themselves. "I suppose so, yes. But they always wanted to be considered gentlemen. That was very important to them. They behaved with great courtesy. Their brother Charlie, who I know quite well, the oldest one, always behaved with enormous courtesy. And a number of the old gang mem


Which character in ‘Oliver Twist’ is later revealed to be Oliver’s great uncle?

Mr. Brownlow - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki More info on Mr. Brownlow   Wikis Mr. Brownlow: Wikis Advertisements Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Encyclopedia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mr. Brownlow is a character from the novel , Oliver Twist , by Charles Dickens . He is later revealed to be none other than a very close friend of Oliver's father. Contents Dickens describes Brownlow's first appearance: “ The old gentleman was a very respectable-looking personage, with a powdered head and gold spectacles. He was dressed in a bottle-green coat with a black velvet collar; wore white trousers; and carried a smart bamboo cane under his arm. He had taken up a book from the stall, and there he stood, reading away, as hard as if he were in his elbow-chair, in his own study. It is very possible that he fancied himself there, indeed; for it was plain, from his abstraction, that he saw not the book-stall, nor the street, nor the boys, nor, in short, anything but the book itself: which he was reading straight through: turning over the leaf when he got to the bottom of a page, beginning at the top line of the next one, and going regularly on, with the greatest interest and eagerness. ” The novel Mr Brownlow is introduced when the Artful Dodger and his companion Charley Bates pick his pocket and Oliver Twist is arrested simply for "looking guilty". Later, in court, Brownlow discovers Oliver is completely innocent and, after dealing with the extremely agitated magistrate, Mr. Fang, he takes him home fearing the boy to be very ill, which he is. He calls on a doctor, who after making frequent incorrect guesses to Oliver's condition, simply concludes the boy is recovering from a fever. Brownlow's maid, Mrs. Bedwin, is a kind old lady who immediately takes to Oliver upon his arrival. Later when Grimwig, an old friend of Brownlow's, evaluates the boy and his condition, a boy arrives from the bookstore, but fails to take some other books that needed to be returned. Oliver volunteers to return them and takes off, much to the chagrin and doubt of Mr. Grimwig, who is revealed to be cynical in nature, expecting the boy to return to his old life among the lower class and promises to "eat his head" should the boy return in 10 minutes. A watch is set down and the waiting begins. Later, after Oliver is captured by Nancy and Bill Sikes , it is revealed that much later, close to midnight the two men are still waiting in the dark. Although, in the film from 1997, Mr Brownlow asks Oliver to take a couple of books and some money and asks him to be back in half an hour, although Oliver says he will be back in twenty. The next mention of Brownlow occurs when Oliver is taken in by the Maylies, and asks the kind Dr. Losberne to take him to Brownlow's home in London, only to find the house is "FOR LEASE". The only clue to his whereabouts are from his neighbours mentioning the West Indies, saying he was looking for someone. When Mr. Brownlow returns to London, Oliver by chance spots him and can clear his name. Mr. Brownlow is very happy about that and takes Oliver in once again, taking part in Rose's plot to save Oliver from Fagin. Later, his true role in the story is revealed: he was the best friend of Oliver's true father, the deceased Edwin Leeford, and has vital information regarding Oliver's origins as well as those of his evil half-brother, Mr. Monks. At the end of the book, Brownlow officially adopts Oliver as his son. The musical In the stage musical Oliver! Mr. Brownlow is found to be Oliver's grandfather, and after retrieving him from London Bridge, where Nancy is murdered while trying to return the boy to Brownlow, it is assumed that Oliver goes to live with him. In the film version of Oliver!, Brownlow is made into Oliver's great-uncle, and the boy is saved, not at London Bridge, but from the rooftops of London, where Bill Sikes , who has murdered Nancy and taken Oliver as


In Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’, what M is the name of Prospero’s daughter?

Shakespeare’s The Tempest - Crisis Magazine Crisis Magazine A Voice for the Faithful Catholic Laity Subscribe Mitchell Kalpakgian Magic (art) is a part of daily life. Whenever parents raise children, teachers educate students, or rulers govern societies, they require the knowledge of the arts that teach these skills. They become magicians or artists by the masterpieces of their craft that evoke wonder and admiration for the beauty, goodness, or perfection their handiwork achieves. Man as magician who sees how to bring out the image of God in human beings, how to lead the mind to the discovery of truth, and how to bring civilization out of chaos imitates God’s creative activity in the world that brings light out of darkness and good out of evil. Prospero, the magician in The Tempest, plays many parts in the drama that demonstrate these arts. He refines and educates Miranda, the beautiful daughter that Ferdinand beholds as love’s contemplative.  Prospero, overthrown as the duke of Milan by his usurping brother, survives on a barbaric island that he transforms into a lush paradise that astonishes upon first sight.  Prospero, a master or teacher who studies the liberal arts, improves his two apprentices or servants, the invisible spirit Ariel and the primitive savage Caliban, son of a witch. As a magician whose art derives from his knowledge of the liberal arts and the books he cherishes, Prospero produces glorious miracles, beautiful works of art–not the sorcery of black magic to do evil used by the witch Sycorax in the play. While black magic—whether in the form of alchemy, astrology, or temptation—deceives with half-truths and riddles that lure a person with false promises, white magic is the art of bringing out the potential that inheres in nature, seeing the form in matter, and creating masterpieces from the “givenness” of things. The art of Prospero’s magic resembles God’s work in the world as he “plays” God in The Tempest, that is, imitates God in the way an actor plays a part and assumes a role. With his vestments and wand Prospero performs his magic like an actor on the stage and then retires after the performance: “Our revels now are ended.” Prospero’s first work of art on the island where he narrowly escapes from drowning on the sea is the release of Ariel from the tree where he has been impaled by the witch. Prospero sees the form of Ariel in the matter of the tree just as Michelangelo announced that he saw a David in the hunk of rock. Prospero’s knowledge sees the spirit camouflaged in the tree, and his art frees Ariel’s potential, his great creative energy. Another of Prospero’s masterpieces is his daughter Miranda whose name means miraculous (“she who ought to be wondered at”) and derives from the Latin miror (I am amazed).  The epitome of purity, goodness, and beauty, Miranda implores her father to stop the tempest and spare the lives of the shipwrecked crew. Sensitive to human suffering and grateful for kindness, she wishes she might personally thank Gonzalo for saving their lives–for providing Prospero with books and rations in his desperate escape from Milan in a boat when besieged by enemies (“Would I  might/ But ever see that man”). A beautiful soul and a lovely woman, Miranda moves Ferdinand to rapt contemplation: “Admired Miranda! / Indeed the top of admiration!”). Educated and civilized with manners and morals by her father, Miranda radiates the divine image of man that Prospero’s art has fashioned. As the ruler of an island Prospero uses the same magic, finding a primitive island ruled by diabolical forces and transforming it into a civilized society governed by the light of reason and justice. The island “prospers” under Prospero’s government that brings the rule of law out of the barbarism of witchcraft and creates abundance out of scarcity. Like a philosopher-king who contemplates the ideal of justice and then governs according to this vision, Prospero renders decisions that temper justice with mercy and never resorts to revenge: “The rarer action is/ In virtue than in vengeance.” The conspirators


“I have lifted up mine eyes unto the hills” is the motto of which English county?

You Made Me Chicken Soup • durdeninsomnia: Crimson Peak motto  I did some... durdeninsomnia : Crimson Peak motto I did some research on the Latin motto on the mansion’s coat of arms which reads as follows: “Ad Montes Oculos Levavi” (“I have lifted up mine eyes unto the hills.”) “Mors Vincit Omnia” (“Death conquers all.”) The first phrase is the motto of Cumbria, a county in North-West England, where the mansion is. The second one just seems to be a popular Latin phrase, probably a dark turn for the popular phrase “Amor omnia vincit” (from Virgil, apparently) which means “Love conquers all.”


In 1985, the remaining members of which pop band changed their name to Starship?

How Jefferson Airplane Became Jefferson Starship - And Then Just Starship REDDIT RCA / Grunt Records / Paradise Artists Between synthesizers, drum machines, and MTV, it’d be hard to pick a single veteran rock act that managed to get through the ’80s without being forced to change their sound to some extent. But where acts like Heart and Chicago may have alienated longtime fans by indulging in extra hairspray and buying a few power ballads from outside writers, Starship paid the highest price of all, trading in the Summer of Love ideals espoused by their original incarnation, Jefferson Airplane , for a handful of Top 40 hits. The change didn’t happen overnight. Jefferson Airplane actually folded following the release of 1972’s ‘Long John Silver’ album, morphing into Jefferson Starship for 1974’s ‘Dragon Fly’ LP. To say these were transitional years would be an understatement; the Airplane’s lineup had frequently been in a state of flux, and so it was with the Starship, with substance abuse, personal conflicts, and disagreements over musical direction frequently polluting the mix. Singer Grace Slick was forced from the group in 1978 after drunkenly taunting the crowd during a German concert, followed shortly thereafter by guitarist/vocalist Marty Balin, leaving co-founder Paul Kantner to find a new lead singer. Watch Jefferson Airplane Perform ‘Somebody to Love’ Subscribe to Ultimate Classic Rock on That role would be filled by former Elvin Bishop Group singer Mickey Thomas , who’d earlier risen to prominence after being invited to assume lead vocal duties for the eventual hit single ‘Fooled Around and Fell in Love.’ Jefferson Starship’s next release, 1979’s ‘Freedom at Point Zero,’ boasted the Top 20 hit ‘Jane,’ which pointed the way toward the radio-friendly love songs they’d eventually pursue full-time; with modern-sounding keys, guitar power chords, and Thomas’ elastic voice high in the mix, it fit right in with hits of the day from groups like Toto and Boston . The fact that this direction was more or less a 180-degree turn from the counter-cultural stance of the Jefferson Airplane’s early records wasn’t at all lost on the members of the band, but times were changing, and the Airplane’s flower-powered political ideals had fallen out of favor about as rapidly as their messily unpredictable (but rarely dull) original sound. It’s hard to argue with hits, however, and for at least a little while, Jefferson Starship managed to find a middle ground that kept the band’s old guard happy while still capitulating to FM trends. Watch Jefferson Starship Perform ‘Jane’ Subscribe to Ultimate Classic Rock on In fact, for a brief period of time, it seemed like some members of the famously contentious Jefferson nucleus might actually find something like long-term harmony. Slick returned for some vocal cameos on 1981’s ‘Modern Times’ album, singing a duet with Thomas for ‘Stranger’ and adding backgrounds to a handful of songs; fittingly, the record included a Top 40 hit (‘Find Your Way Back’) as well as a ‘Stairway to Cleveland,’ a profane kiss-off to fans who’d complained about the shift in style. That balance was too fragile to hold, however. Kantner in particular grew increasingly frustrated with the band’s singles-driven focus; as he told author Jeff Tamarkin for his Jefferson biography ‘ Got a Revolution! ,’ “I think we would be terrible failures trying to write pop songs all the time. … The band became more mundane and not quite as challenging and not quite as much of a thing to be proud of.” Things eventually got so bad that, while producer Ron Nevison was prepping 1984’s ‘Nuclear Furniture’ for release, Kantner absconded with the master tapes, holding them hostage in his car for several days until he could get the rest of the band to agree to a different mix. Shortly after the album was out, so was Kantner — and he took the ‘Jefferson’ part of their name with him, part of an out-of-court settlement reached after he quit. Following Kantner’s exit, multi-instrumentalist/singer David Freiberg (who’d co-written ‘Jane’) was also out


What fine translucent cotton muslin is usually stiffened and used for women's clothing?

organdies - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus organdies organdies is a plural form of organdie organdies is a plural form of organdy organdie from French organdi, of unknown origin (Source: Collins Dictionary)  [more] Wikipedia: Organdy | organdie the sheerest and crispest cotton cloth made. Combed yarns contribute to its appearance. Organdy is a balanced plain weave. Because of its stiffness and fiber content, it's very prone to wrinkling. Organza is the filament yarn counterpart to organdy...


In what figure of speech is understatement used to emphasize a point by denying the opposite?

Litotes - YouTube Litotes Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 29, 2014 In rhetoric, litotes (/ˈlaɪtətiːz/, US /ˈlɪtətiːz/ or /laɪˈtoʊtiːz/) is a figure of speech wherein understatement is used to emphasize a point by denying the opposite, often incorporating double negatives for effect. For example, "She's not unkind" could be used to express that someone is not particularly rude, but also isn't particularly considerate. The degree of emphasis depends on the context in which it is used. For instance, the commonly used phrase "not bad" could indicate that something was either average or excellent. Along the same lines, litotes can be used to diminish the harshness of an observation; "He isn't the cleanest person I know" could be used as a means of indicating that someone is a messy person. Litotes is a form of understatement, always deliberate and with the intention of emphasis. However, the interpretation of negation may depend on context, including cultural context. In speech, it may also depend on intonation and emphasis; for example, the phrase "not bad" can be said in such a way as to mean anything from "mediocre" to "excellent". It can be used to soften harsher expressions, similar to euphemism. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video Category


What word refers to a verb form which functions as a noun, ending in –ing?

Gerunds present participles and other -ing forms Gerunds, participles and forms in -ing  Using gerunds and participles in English 1. The different types of word ending in -ing :  The English language does not use many grammatical "endings", but  some of those it does use have several different functions. The ending -ing is one of them. Words ending in -ing can be gerunds, verbal nouns, or present participles. Distinguishing (= gerund) between these, and using them correctly is not always easy – until you understand  these three simple rules. The gerund is a verb which is used as if it were a noun. Since it is a verb, it can not be qualified by an adjective , nor preceded by an article , but it can be modified by an adverb and take a complement (Examples 1 & 2 below). A verbal noun is a noun formed formed from a verb; some of these end in -ing. It can take an determiner , and be qualified by adjectives.  (Examples 3 & 4) A participle is an adjective or part of a participial phrase qualifying a noun or a pronoun.  (Examples 5 et 6). It is also used to form the progressive forms of verb tenses (Examples 7 & 8). Words in -ing: Gerund, noun or present participle    Seeing is believing.    Living in new York is exciting but rather expensive    The book was easy reading !    He managed to make a good living.    Smiling, the lady told them they'd won the big prize.    I heard them arguing last night.     I'm taking my brother to the station tonight    The man was phoning his friend, when the lights went out. 2 The gerund in English : the verb used as a noun The gerund in English has the form of the present participle in -ing. It is the most common form of the verb used as a noun, and can be the subject (examples 1 to 7), or the object of a sentence (8 & 9) , or follow prepositions (10 to 13)  Examples:     This article really needs rewriting.    He drove two hundred miles without ever stopping.    I look forward to seeing  you again next week.    I'm thinking of painting my house.    I started by carefully turning off the electricity    Do you mind shutting the window, please ?    Will you consider taking the job?    I've really enjoyed meeting you. As the examples above show, the gerund is used as if it were a noun, but not  in the same way as a noun. In other words, it keeps its verbal qualities.  Since it is not used like a noun, it cannot be qualified by an adjective; on the contrary, it keeps some of the essential features that distinguish a verb, notably that it can take a direct object (examples 2, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14 above) , and/or be qualified by an adverb (examples 4 ,5 , 12 & 13).     When gerunds are used as verbal complements (second verbs following a first verb), as in examples  8 and 9 above, they can often be rephrased using an infinitive instead of the gerund.   However a few verbs require a gerund, not an infinitive (Examples 14 - 16 above). The most common of these are admit, consider, dislike, deny, enjoy, finish, involve, miss, mind,  suggest, ► Compare : uses of the infinitive 3. Verbal nouns: nouns that are derived from verbs There are a large number of ways of creating a noun from a verb: among the most common of these are words that use the root form of the verb and a noun ending such as -ment (as in achievement), -ance (as in disappearance), -ion (as in confirmation) , or -ing (as in The changing of the guard.)  You can see that these -ing forms really are nouns, not verbs, as they can be qualified by adjectives.          That is a very nice painting    We're going to see the changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace.    After a slow beginning, the show got a bit more lively.    This story has a rather unexpected ending..    The commission demanded the breaking up of the company into two separate units.    The last meeting was not very productive. 4. Areas of possible confusion Sometimes it is difficult to decide if a word is a gerund or a verbal noun; and in fact, the quality of the -ing word can change according to context.  Look at these examples: Examples:  For musicians, practising is essential. For


D.C.J. What part did Denise Richards play in ‘The World is not Enough’ (1999)?

The World Is Not Enough (1999) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The World Is Not Enough ( 1999 ) PG-13 | James Bond uncovers a nuclear plot when he protects an oil heiress from her former kidnapper, an international terrorist who can't feel pain. Director: From $12.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 22 titles created 27 Jun 2011 a list of 26 titles created 21 Jul 2013 a list of 24 titles created 10 Jun 2014 a list of 25 titles created 04 Feb 2015 a list of 49 titles created 02 Mar 2015 Title: The World Is Not Enough (1999) 6.4/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 7 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards  » Videos James Bond heads to stop a media mogul's plan to induce war between China and the UK in order to obtain exclusive global media coverage. Director: Roger Spottiswoode James Bond is sent to investigate the connection between a North Korean terrorist and a diamond mogul who is funding the development of an international space weapon. Director: Lee Tamahori James Bond teams up with the lone survivor of a destroyed Russian research center to stop the hijacking of a nuclear space weapon by a fellow agent formerly believed to be dead. Director: Martin Campbell James Bond goes rogue and sets off to unleash vengeance on a drug lord who tortured his best friend, a C.I.A. agent, and left him for dead and murdered his bride after he helped capture him. Director: John Glen James Bond is living on the edge to stop an evil arms dealer from starting another world war. Bond crosses all seven continents in order to stop the evil Whitaker and General Koskov. Director: John Glen A fake Fabergé egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. Director: John Glen James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. Director: Guy Hamilton James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. Director: Lewis Gilbert Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. Director: John Glen 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. Director: Guy Hamilton An investigation of a horse-racing scam leads 007 to a mad industrialist who plans to create a worldwide microchip monopoly by destroying California's Silicon Valley. Director: John Glen James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. Director: Lewis Gilbert Edit Storyline James Bond is back. An oil tycoon is murdered in MI6 and Bond is sent to protect his daughter. Renard, who has a bullet lodged in his brain from a previous agent, is secretly planning the destruction of a pipeline. Bond gains a hand from a research scientist, Dr. Christmas Jones who witnesses the action which happens when Bond meets up with Renard, but Bond becomes suspicious about Elektra King, especially when Bond's boss, M goes missing. Bond must work quickly to prevent Renard from destroying Europe. Written by simon See All (141)  » Taglines: Some men want to rule the world... Some women ask for the world... Some believe the world is theirs for the taking... But for one man, The World Is Not Enough!!! See more  » Genres: Rated PG-13 for intense sequences of action violence, some sexuality and innuendo | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 19 November 1999 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: $35,519,007        (USA) (19 Novem


Six teenagers are aged 13, 13, 14, 16, 18, and 19. What is the median of their ages?

Nearly 3 in 10 young teens 'sexually active' | NBC News Nearly 3 in 10 young teens 'sexually active' NBC News, PEOPLE Magazine commission landmark national poll Below: + - NEW YORK  — NBC News and PEOPLE Magazine commissioned a landmark poll surveying young teenagers about their intimate sexual attitudes and practices. In one of the first surveys of its kind, teenagers as young as 13 reveal how much they know about sex and how much they are doing. The poll, conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International, questioned 13 to 16 year-olds about their sexual behavior, relationships, oral sex, STDs, and casual sexual partners (what's now known as “friends with benefits”). The findings provide important answers for parents struggling to cope with a newly promiscuous world. Below are the enlightening, and often surprising, answers to the NBC News/PEOPLE Magazine Poll: Sexually active young teens Nearly 3 in 10 (27%) thirteen to sixteen year-olds are sexually active and “have been with someone in an intimate or sexual way.”  Most of these sexually active teens have touched someone else’s genitals and almost half had oral sex and/or had sexual intercourse. Sexual activity is much more common among 15 to 16 year-olds (41%) than 13 to 14 year-olds (14%). SUMMARY TABLE: Sexual activity among 13 to 16 year-olds Most 13 to 16-year-olds waiting to have sex The vast majority (87%) of teens aged 13 to 16, have not had sexual intercourse. Most (73%) have not been sexually intimate at all. Seventy-four percent say they have not had sex because they made a conscious decision not to.  As many (75%) have not because they believe they are too young.  Many say they abstain because they fear the potential consequences—pregnancy (74%), STDs (71%), parents’ reaction (65%).  While just more than half say it is because they haven’t met the right person yet (54%), few say it is because of a lack of opportunity (21%).  Four in 10 (42%) say they have not because of religious or moral beliefs. SUMMARY TABLE: Why are teens waiting to have sex? Girls are more likely than boys to cite a conscious decision to wait (81% vs. 67%), belief they are too young (82% vs. 67%), fear of pregnancy (77% vs. 71%), STDs (75% vs. 68%), or parents or (71% vs. 59%) friends’ reaction (28% vs. 13%). Fifteen to 16 year-olds are more likely than 13 to 14 year-olds to say they have not had sex because they have not met the right person (62% vs. 47%).  Thirteen to 14 year-olds are more likely to say it is because they think they are too young (82% vs. 66%). Teens with a Catholic parent (72%) are more likely to not have had sex because they are worried what their parents will think than those with a Protestant parent (63%) or another religious background (57%). Those whose parents are better educated are more likely to say they have not had intercourse because of their religious or moral beliefs and less likely to say they have not out of a fear of catching an STD. Is Oral Sex Really Not A Big Deal? Most Teens Know What Oral Sex Is Today, 70% of teens, ages 13 to 16, know the definition of oral sex.  Knowledge about oral sex is lower among the youngest teens but that knowledge increases with age. While only six in 10 (58%) 13 and 14 year-olds knew what oral sex is a solid majority of 15 and 16 year-olds (82%) know what oral sex is. Is Oral Sex, Sex? Three-quarters of teens would classify oral sex as “sex” (77%), but less than half (45%) would label touching someone's genitals as “sex”. SUMMARY TABLE: What teens believe constitutes sex Is Oral Sex A Big Deal? For many teens (43%), oral sex is not seen as being as big a deal as sexual intercourse. Boys and girls see this somewhat differently. While almost half of boys (47%) think that oral sex is not as big of a deal as sexual intercourse, fewer girls feel that way (38%). This doesn’t mean that teens are dismissive of its significance: Fifty-five percent of teens hold that it is “very important” to be in love before having oral sex. Somewhat more (68%) say it is very important to be in love before having sexual interc


In which decade of the last century was the first patent application for a microwave oven?

Inventions of the Early 20th Century that Changed the World | AMOG Inventions of the Early 20th Century that Changed the World By Aaron Borland Posted on November 11, 2010 In the age of technology, we’re often spoiled by the conveniences of life and take them for granted. You don’t think so? Do you think about how much you appreciate inventors when you walk out of your house with your machine-made clothing on and wearing your sunglasses? What about when you climb into your car, turn the radio on or pop in your favorite CD and turn the ignition and go? When you come to a traffic light do you think about who invented it? Of course not, but inventors have changed the course of our lives. In most cases, we believe that life is better with technology, but in some cases, technology can be a dangerous thing. At any rate, we’ve seen countless inventions throughout history. It would be nearly impossible to cover them all, but we can look at the ones that have significantly changed our lives. Household Items Washing Machine The first rotary washing machine was invented in the 19th century, but what really revolutionized the washing machine was when the first electric washing machine was invented in 1908. The “Thor” washing machine was invented by Alva Fisher and was introduced by Hurley Machine Company. Vacuum Cleaner Though there were mechanical carpet sweepers before the 20th century, the first vacuum cleaner was invented in 1901 by Hubert Cecil Booth. This monstrosity, which was based outside of the building while hoses were extended indoors, didn’t look anything like the vacuums of today, but it all started with Booth’s first vacuum. Absorption Refrigerator This type of refrigerator was a new concept in the early 20th century. It was the first refrigerator to use heat as a source of energy for the cooling system. Baltzar von Platen and Carl Munters invented the first absorption refrigerator in 1922. In 1926, Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd created another design of an absorption refrigerator. This is the one that was on the market for households in the 1950s. However, without von Platen and Munters, this wouldn’t have been possible. Microwave Oven Did you know that the microwave wasn’t originally meant for cooking food? Originally it was designed to be installed in radar systems during World War II to spy on the Nazis. It was Percy Spencer that noticed that these radar waves melted the candy bar in his pocket. Due to his discovery in 1945, the first commercial microwave went on the market in 1954. Food Products Frozen Foods Nowadays a lot of frozen foods are just for convenience like precooked meals that we can now just pop in the microwave. However, before frozen foods, fruits and vegetables would go bad. Thanks to Clarence Birdseye in 1923, that all changed. Sliced Bread The next time you hear the expression “the best thing since sliced bread”, think about how long ago that really was. In 1928, Otto Frederick Rohwedder invented the first “loaf at a time” bread slicer. This was the first time that a loaf of bread could be not only pre-sliced, but in even pieces. This may seem like a small deal to us now, but can you imagine the inconvenience of slicing a chunk of bread off of a loaf just to make a sandwich? Clothing The Bra In 1913, Mary Phelps Jacob invented the bra. I think many people would be in support of this invention. The Bikini Louis Réard, a French engineer invented a shocking piece of clothing that would revolutionize bathing suits. You’ve guessed it. Réard invented the bikini. Hooray! The Zipper “The hookless fastener”, as it was once called was invented in 1913 by a Swedish scientist named Gideon Sundbach. In contemporary times we take for granted how convenient a zipper is and how much time it saves us each morning. Hygiene Disposable Razor The year of 1901 was the year that the disposable razor blade was patented by King C. Gillette. He marketed the razors through his new company and by the end of the decade, he was a millionaire. Dry Electric Shaver Jacob Schick invented the dry electric razor in 1928 and seve


Which head of state was shot by firing squad on Christmas Day 1989?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1989: Romania's 'first couple' executed About This Site | Text Only 1989: Romania's 'first couple' executed Deposed Romanian president Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena have been shot by a firing squad after a secret military tribunal found them both guilty of crimes against the state. They were charged and convicted of genocide and undermining the national economy among a series of other offences, officials said. News of their death was announced to the people of Romania on national television amid reports the couple had been found smuggling large amounts of money out of the country. A stunned reaction from the public gave way to scenes of delight and a public outpouring on the streets to celebrate. But there was some unrest from troops who supported the former leader. The deaths end the dictator's 24 years as communist party leader - 21 of them as Romania's president - during which he suppressed all opposition using brutal force. The National Salvation Front is now running Romania, and America and the Soviet Union have recognised the new government. But the White House said it was "regrettable" the trial had not been held in public. Christmas celebrated The new government has pledged democracy will replace the tyranny of Ceausescu's rule and promised to allow free speech, free thought and free enterprise in Romania. Party leaders called on the West to aid and support its new reform programme. The executions come after 10 tumultuous days of violence and an upsurge of mass protests against Ceausescu's regime. Demonstrations began in the western city of Timisoara against the harassment of a dissident ethnic-Hungarian priest, Laszlo Tokes. It led to protests about a lack of basic supplies such as bread but the backlash from Ceausescu's armed forces led to accusations many people were massacred. Demonstrators stormed Ceausescu's palace and he and his wife tried to flee Bucharest but they were captured by military forces who had turned against them.


Which US comedian, whose stage persona was that of a miser, died on Boxing Day 1974?

Time Life: The Golden Age of Comedy Box Set One | DVD Review | Film @ The Digital Fix Time Life: The Golden Age of Comedy Box Set One 12:00 on 10th Nov 2006 By James GrayJames Gray - Bonus Sketch from The Soupy Sales Show, - Music CD Soundtracks Subtitles None James takes a look at the history of 1950s US live comedy with this set featuring some of the greats of the era. The title of this marvellous box set from Time Life is slightly misleading. Although the five DVDs it contains features many if not all of the undisputed stars of comedy on American television in the 1950s, all the episodes are taken from the live variety shows that were such a staple of that early period in TV history. You�ll find none of the established sitcoms of the era, trailblazers such as I Love Lucy or The Phil Silvers Show, shows that did as much as, if not more than, the live shows to help make television the dominant form of entertainment for America by the end of the decade. Any story about this fascinating period in the growth of onscreen popular entertainment is incomplete without some samples from such shows, and it�s regrettable that it would appear that a companion volume to this set, which was scheduled to be released this year, appears to have been cancelled. But that�s about the only criticism I can find to say about the contents of this set. In all other regards, it is a fabulously entertaining collection that succeeds both in representing the era these shows hail from and also painting a picture of the culture in which they were made. It turns out that the things that made people laugh fifty years ago were not so very different to what does now, from satirical digs at people in the news and laughing at each other�s idiosyncrasies to out-and-out buffoonery and slapstick. The style of the shows is one that, while quaint by today's standards, are instantly recognisable. Before a live theatre audience (theatre being the operative word, complete with curtains on the stage and one-dimensional backdrops) the star enacts a series of monologues and sketches, sometimes with a common theme, sometimes not, helped along by a special guest star, and with regular breaks for a word from the sponsors, often delivered by the star themselves. This was a world in which the audience were a vital player in proceedings, made complicit in the mayhem being enacted in front of them through the comedians� direct interaction with them and their raucous responses to what they were seeing. Together with the fact these shows were being transmitted live there is a dangerous, often hysterical quality to many of the shows, performers and watchers egging each other on, thrilling when a line is fluffed or a comic corpses. It is an atmosphere entirely without artifice or ironic cynicism, and all the more refreshing for it - this is good, old fashioned entertainment in all senses of the phrase. All the shows share the same cultural heritage as almost without exception the stars came from a background of first vaudeville theatre and then radio, and it�s that vaudeville tradition that shines through. One of the kings of the era was Jack Benny, appearing on Volumes One and Three in the set, was one of American's television's first breakout stars and his history is characteristic of the other stars in this collection. Born Benjamin Kubelsky in 1894 in Illinois, he began his comedy career almost by accident. A promising violinist in his teens, he had begun to tell jokes during his time in the Navy during World War One, and following the cessation of hostilities had begun to tour the vaudeville circuit with his act �Ben K. Benny: Fiddle Funology.� Over time the comedy became the overriding focus of his performance, and after a decade spent refining and honing his comic persona, he was a respected and much-liked personality on the vaudeville circuit. His big break came when he appeared as a guest on a radio programme presented by Ed Sullivan in early 1932. So good was he on that that he was instantly signed up to host The Canada Dry Ginger Ale Programme which was not, of cours


The USA. In which state is the geographic centre of the contiguous states?

The Center for Land Use Interpretation THE CENTER FOR LAND USE INTERPRETATION [show on map] The Geographic Center of the Lower 48 States is located north of Lebanon, Kansas. It was determined by finding the center of gravity for the contiguous United States, that is, the point at which a plane map of the 48 states would balance if it were of uniform thickness. A monument was erected in an opening ceremony on June 29, 1941, in Lebanon, Kansas, for what was then the Geographic Center of the entire country, before Alaska and Hawaii joined the union. As early as 1918, this point was identified when the United States Geological Survey located the country’s center at N 39° 50' 00" W 98° 35' 00". For many years, however, the towns of Fort Riley, Smith Center, and Junction City contended for the claim to be center of the United States, as no official designation existed. The latitude and longitude determined by the survey provided the location of the center within an approximate one-mile radius; and while the monument sits at the end of Kansas Highway 191 (the shortest highway in the state), the precise center is located in a field 3/4 of a mile to the northwest. Coinciding with the establishment of the monument, residents of Lebanon founded the Hub Club to develop the site for tourism, and the Club continues its maintenance and beautification role to this day. At one time, a motel, coffee shop, and souvenir shop served thousands of annual visitors to the site. Today, visitors to the monument at the Geographic Center find a small chapel, a shaded picnic table, a large monument, and the closed motel.


The building known as the Atomium can be found in which European city?

Atomium in Brussels Looks like there's not enough activity around Atomium to show here today. The #Atomium plays hide & seek in #Brussels. #Repost inti_rock. #morning #bruxelles #bruss… http://t.co/VFDwP0e8kv http://t.co/KCoteGEaIW Posted by The Hotel Brussels - 2 years ago L'Atomium, now. #Bruxelles ❄❄ http://t.co/MFXe76QPFL Posted by Baptiste T. - 2 years ago #Brussels #Atomium by #night , unit cell of #ironcrystal - Europe's most bizarre building according to CNN. #arch... http://t.co/OEc77mSmV1 Posted by Gavriil Papadiotis - 2 years ago Building of the Atomium in Brussels(via http://t.co/ZaopYz2uxS) http://t.co/3sglwEpQiw Posted by Tilo Jung - 2 years ago Killer image. And for once some tags: #brussels #expo58 #atomium http://t.co/aGS0nFHmOF Posted by Guillaume Kayacan - 2 years ago Showing the skyline to freetherobots #brussels #highoutput #atomium http://t.co/5dArByyYvU Posted by lefto. - 2 years ago See image Always welcome in Belgium! Feat Stunning @Tesla_Europe #ModelS & #Atomium #Tesla #EV #Brussels http://t.co/fZ0ghQs6wO http://t.co/GrV9Vws9sx Posted by Tesla Club Belgium - 2 years ago Atomium in Brussels, Belgium. wasdesigned to open the world exhibition in 1958. #travel http://t.co/WUlHbCf4N5 Posted by sobore - 2 years ago The extraordinary #Atomium in Brussels represents the relationship between modern science and man. #WidenYourWorld http://t.co/OW8SM0WDIK Posted by Turkish Airlines - 3 years ago Awesome!! Protest for Europe’s dolphins attracts hundredshttp://t.co/pcwiqpbonF#Brussels #Atomium #Tweet4Dolphins http://t.co/5ggCMEZpdY Posted by clicks n' whistles - 3 years ago See image Join demo 'Close #dolphinaria in #Europe' 6/28 @ Atomium in Brussels! #CaptivityKills close all European dolphinaria! http://t.co/R10LotDC8H Posted by WDC - 3 years ago See image Dear People of Belgium: Come to our live podcast at the Brussels Atomium this Saturday! Details below http://t.co/aMQnIO6Ywx Posted by NoSuchThingAsAFish - 2 years ago Day in Brussels with my princess @paubea8ser👸, first stop: Atomium 👭 http://t.co/6GFoFg9IXd Posted by Loading . . . - 2 years ago #designexhibitions #Brussels @atomium | "Intersections #3 Belgian Design" http://t.co/xGFSVxVhOw Posted by Centre Documentació - 2 years ago See image #Brussels #Cycling Classic on Saturday 6 September (Cinquantenaire-Atomium): http://t.co/VObqb1A904 Posted by City of Brussels - 2 years ago See image Our #Wingseat solution: Brussels! You can see the @atomium clearly. Well done to those who knew. http://t.co/lFt6YNXrcZ Posted by bmi regional - 3 years ago @NiallOfficial the atomium in Brussels turned very niall-ish for your birthday!! http://t.co/5qnQF3qW5o Posted by lindsay - 2 years ago Ruskin in Brussels: First blossoms around the Atomium http://t.co/IdVlVmDZCD Posted by Botanic Garden Meise - 2 years ago Little view after work ✨💫 #atomium #brussels #belgium https://t.co/VLXrnY0982 Posted by Ann-Sophie Ickroth - 2 years ago I have arrived at Atomium ! The biggest Atom in the world ! #Belgium #ImAHugeNerd @neiltyson would love this http://t.co/3xdLYF7zYw Posted by CarChen - 2 years ago Whoa! The 9 round balls represents the 9 regions of Kingdon of Belgium ;) #Atomium #Brussels #Belgium… https://t.co/vj6DzZtQMi Posted by FramesGermanottaJore - 2 years ago MGM Café: Party at the foot of the atomium in Bruparck, just a stone's throw from Kinepolis and publ... http://t.co/iYyBp0nyqb #Brussels Posted by discoverbrussels - 2 years ago See image Incredible photo of the "Atomium" under construction, World's Fair, Brussels, 1958 (and what it looks like today.) http://t.co/kheEVmMXhs Posted by Pablo Maurer - 2 years ago Spiky red sculpture installed beneath the Atomium monument in Brussels: http://t.co/4tiXFYbGTI http://t.co/DLJPAzX39u Posted by Dezeen - 3 years ago The Atom #brussels #belgium @ Atomium Parc https://t.co/l6wvW9UL22 Posted by Frederick Gaghauna - 2 years ago Lunch at the #atomium in #Brussels with great American #meetingplanners #visitflanders #steigenberger http://t.co/WPH3tNY7KW Posted by Meet in Flanders - 2 years ago Photo of the Day: Brussels, Be


Born in 1849, Edmund Barton became the first Prime Minister of which country?

Biography - Sir Edmund (Toby) Barton - Australian Dictionary of Biography Australian Dictionary of Biography Tip: searches only the name field Tip: Use double quotes to search for a phrase This article was published in Australian Dictionary of Biography , Volume 7, (MUP), 1979 Edmund Barton (1849-1920), by unknown photographer, 1903 National Archives of Australia, A1200, L24689 Sir Edmund (Toby) Barton (1849-1920), federationist, first prime minister and judge, was born on 18 January 1849 at Glebe, Sydney, third son and youngest child of William Barton and his wife Mary Louisa, née Whydah; his eldest brother was George Burnett Barton . William had arrived in Sydney from London in 1827 as accountant to the Australian Agricultural Co. After a quarrel with Sir William Parry , he had resigned in 1832 and his subsequent career as a financial agent and sharebroker was chequered. With nine children to be provided for, his wife, who was exceptionally well educated, ran a girls' school in the 1860s. Edmund, known as Toby to his schoolmates, was educated at Fort Street Model School for two years and in 1859-64 at Sydney Grammar School, where he began a lifelong friendship with Richard O'Connor , and was school captain in 1863 and 1864. In 1865 Barton matriculated at the University of Sydney. Next year he won a prize for classics and the £50 (William) Lithgow scholarship. In 1867 he studied under Professor Charles Badham , who gave him a lasting love of Greek and Latin, and won the (Sir Daniel) Cooper scholarship. He graduated B.A. in 1868 and M.A. (by examination) in 1870. He learned to debate at the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts. From May 1868 he had worked for a solicitor Henry Bradley and from June 1870 with a barrister G. C. Davies. On 21 December 1871 he was admitted to the Bar. Although slow to get briefs, in May 1872 he was junior counsel for the defence of the notorious murderer Alfred Lester. As a boy Toby had loved fishing and cricket; a fair batsman, but an atrocious fieldsman, he played for the university in 1870 and 1871. Later he organized several intercolonial matches and umpired in some major games including New South Wales v. Lord Harris's English XI which was interrupted by a riot. In 1870, when visiting Newcastle with a team, he confided to his diary that 'Jeannie Ross is beautiful, and sings like a bird, and is a dear'; they became engaged in 1872. He warned her: 'You do not know the depths of my poverty and the slenderness of my chances'. In 1875 he accompanied Sir Alfred Stephen on circuit to Grafton as his associate; later that year he was briefly an acting crown prosecutor, and again in 1878, but failed in other efforts to get a government appointment. On 28 December 1877 at the Watt Street Presbyterian manse, Newcastle, he married Jane (Jean) Mason Ross, daughter of an English engineer and hotelkeeper. In 1876 and 1877 Barton was defeated for the University of Sydney seat in the Legislative Assembly, but won it in 1879. Although he generally opposed the Parkes - Robertson coalition ministry, he strongly supported its 1880 Education Act. In November he was elected unopposed for Wellington, and won East Sydney in 1882, thinking it 'almost unnecessary' to say that he was a free trader. On 3 January 1883 Barton became Speaker. In a turbulent parliament, he displayed a sound knowledge of constitutional law and T. E. May's British Parliamentary Practices. The youngest Speaker yet, he revelled in the clubbable atmosphere of parliament and earned the Bulletin's nickname, 'Toby Tosspot', but was able to give clear decisions at 5 a.m. after disorderly sittings. He displayed quickness of perception, tact, courtesy and firmness. Next year he was forced to introduce new standing orders to control such rowdy and abusive members as David Buchanan , John McElhone and Adolphus Taylor , who was twice suspended from parliament by a vote of the House; the second time Barton had to order his removal by the serjeant-at-arms. Taylor claimed his suspension was illegal and won £1000 damages against him; the decision was upheld


What was the first name of Henry VIII’s elder sister, who married James IV of Scotland?

Women in the Tudor Dynasty - Sisters of Henry VIII Women in the Tudor Dynasty Sisters of Henry VIII Updated April 02, 2016. Henry VIII also had two sisters who are important to history: Margaret Tudor : queen of James IV of Scotland, she was the grandmother of Mary, Queen of Scots , and great-grandmother of James VI of Scotland who became James I of England. Margaret Tudor's second marriage, to Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, made her the mother of Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox , who was the mother of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley , one of the husbands of Mary, Queen of Scots , and the father of their son and heir, James VI of Scotland who became James I of England. Thus, through Henry VIII's sister's marriage comes the name of the dynasty that succeeds the Tudors, the Stuarts (the English spelling of Stewart). Henry VIII's younger sister , Mary Tudor, was married at 18 to the 52-year-old King of France, Louis XII. When Louis died, Mary secretly married Henry VIII's friend, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. After surviving Henry's angry reaction, they had three children. One, Lady Frances Brandon, married Henry Grey, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, and their child, Lady Jane Grey , was briefly Queen of England in the dynastic squabbles when Henry VIII's only male heir, Edward VI, died young -- thus fulfilling Henry VIII's dynastic nightmares. Lady Catherine Grey , sister of Lady Jane Grey , had her own problems and briefly ended up in the Tower of London. continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World


Some Minions have two eyes, but many have only one. In which 2010 film did they first appear?

Minions, explained - Vox Minions, explained share You've probably heard of Minions, or maybe you've just seen their bright yellow likeness on a T-shirt, meme, or bumper sticker. Perhaps you've already decided whether you love them, hate them, or simply find them baffling, as they've been known to inspire quite a range of emotions in all who encounter them. But no matter what you think about the curious pill-shaped creatures, their fame is about to rise thanks to their starring role in the new movie Minions , now in theaters. Minions is a spinoff and prequel to Despicable Me and Despicable Me 2 , but instead of focusing on Steve Carell 's Gru, it puts the spotlight on the Minions alone. Set in the late 1960s, the movie follows three Minions as they search for a new evil boss to rule their species. The quest takes them to a villain convention in Florida and, soon after, all around the world. Of course, as with all great things in history, the existence of Minions prompts big questions: Where did these strange beings come from? Why do they inspire such polarizing reactions? And is there any deeper meaning to these unusual yellow creatures? 1) What are Minions? So many Minions, so little time. Universal Minions are a species of tiny yellow henchmen; they look like unusually dressed Mike and Ike candies. They're earnestly driven by the desire to serve an evil boss, though they often screw up because they're selfish, easily distracted, and generally inept. They vary in height, but it's safe to say they're between 2 and 3 feet tall (though closer to 2). They communicate using a gibberish language that's understandable to them and a few people who have longstanding relationships with them. They're also resilient. Minions have been turned into evil purple versions of themselves, transformed into giants, crushed, tortured, and buried without being worse for wear (this may be the reason they've survived so long). Two Minions, one desire. Via Giphy They even have a few special abilities, like becoming glow sticks when they're snapped and shaken. Though it's often tough for the layperson to distinguish one Minion from another, they all have unique personalities and names (which their masters quickly learn). The new movie centers on three Minions — Kevin, Stuart, and Bob — who each become more distinct throughout the course of the film (or at least as distinct as gibberish-speaking henchmen can be). Kevin's the leader, Stuart's the musician, and Bob's the kid (he totes around a teddy bear that somehow makes him appear even more adorable — and, in an equally lovable detail, he's heterochromic ). There are a few things we don't know about Minions that the new movie doesn't clarify: We don't know why they wear goggles, though they've done so for thousands of years (early goggles were fashioned from available flora). Relatedly, the evolutionary function of some Minions having one eye while others have two eyes remains unclear. We also don't know what compels them to serve evil people, though Minions implies it's an evolutionary imperative, similar to the parasitism seen in the natural world (but only the cute kind, suitable for a McDonald's toy ). 2) Where did Minions come from? Minions emerge from the sea, ready to bring joy to the world. IMDB The origin story of the Minions is dependent on two questions: 1) Where did the creatures themselves come from, and 2) where did the commercial phenomenon come from? First, let's tackle the little guys themselves. Minions sheds some light on their beginnings in an opening credits sequence that depicts them evolving in the ocean, similar to many other organisms, before emerging fully formed as they appear today (this is a departure from Darwin). Though the supervillain Gru has a gun that can transform humans into Minions, it's only been seen in an amusement park ride, so most Minions presumably came from the sea. (If you're looking for more information about Minion reproduction, there's probably fan-fiction somewhere that can help you out, but you'll have to Google it on your own.) Minions have exis


Who was the last Whig Prime Minister of the UK?

The Whigs The Whigs ▼ Primary Sources ▼ The Whigs In the late 17th century the term Whig was used to describe those opposed to the religious policies of Charles II . In 1714 Queen Anne became very ill. The true heir to the throne was James Stuart , the son of James II . Many Tory ministers supported James becoming king. However, James Stuart was a Catholic and was strongly opposed by the Whigs . A group of Whigs visited Anne just before she died and persuaded her to sack her Tory ministers. With the support of the Whigs, Queen Anne nominated Prince George of Hanover as the next king of Britain. When George arrived in England, he knew little about British politics nor could he speak very much English. George therefore became very dependent on the Whigs who had arranged for him to become king. This included Robert Walpole who was made Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1715. Walpole was such a powerful figure in the government he became known as Prime Minister, the first in Britain's history. He was also given 10 Downing Street by Prince George , which became the permanent home of all future Prime Ministers. Robert Walpole believed that the strength of a country depended on its wealth. The main objective of Walpole's policies was to achieve and maintain this wealth. For example, he helped the business community sell goods by removing taxes on foreign exports. Walpole did all he could to avoid war, as he believed it drained a country of its financial resources. However, in 1739 Britain became involved in a war with Spain. George II was in favour of the war and became Britain's last king to lead his troops into battle. Walpole, who thought the war was unnecessary, did not provide the dynamic leadership needed during a war. The Tory opposition accused Walpole of not supplying enough money for the British armed forces. Robert Walpole gradually lost the support of the House of Commons , and in February 1742 he was forced to resign from office. Charles Fox was one of the most important Whigs in the 18th century. After 1780 Fox became a supporter of parliamentary reform . He advocated the disfranchisement of rotten and pocket boroughs and the redistribution of these seats to the fast growing industrial towns. When Lord Frederick North's government fell in March 1782, Fox became Foreign Secretary in Rockingham's Whig government. Fox left the government in July 1782, on the death of the Marquis of Rockingham as he was unwilling to serve under the new prime minister, Lord Sherburne. Sherburne appointed the twenty-three year old William Pitt as his Chanchellor of the Exchequer. Pitt had been a close political friend of Fox and after this the two men became bitter enemies. For a short period in 1783 the Duke of Portland became leader of the Whig administration. The Duke of Portland's government was concerned with the power of the East India Company and in 1783 Charles Fox attempted to persuade Parliament to pass a bill that would replace the company's directors with a board of commissioners. George III made it known to the House of Lords that he would consider anyone voting with the Bill an enemy. As a result of this interference, Portland's government resigned. When the French Revolution broke out in 1789 Charles Fox was initially enthusiastic describing it as the "greatest event that has happened in the history of the world". He expected the creation of a liberal, constitutional monarchy and was horrified when King Louis XVI was executed. When war broke out between Britain and France in February 1793, Fox criticised the government and called for a negotiated end to the dispute. Although Fox's views were supported by the Radicals, many people regarded him as defeatist and unpatriotic. In April 1792, a group of pro-reform Whigs to form the Friends of the People . Three peers ( Lord Porchester , Lord Lauderdale and Lord Buchan ) and twenty-eight Whig MPs joined the group. Other leading members included Earl Grey , Richard Sheridan , Major John Cartwright , Lord John Russell , George Tierney,Thomas Erskine and Samuel Whitbr ead . The main o


Which pop group’s last UK number 1 single was entitled ‘Holler’?

Spice Girls | New Music And Songs | Spice Girls About Spice Girls Spice Girls were the first major British pop music phenomenon of the mid-'90s to not have a debt to independent pop/rock. Instead, the all-female quintet derived from the dance-pop tradition that made Take That the most popular British group of the early '90s, but there was one crucial difference. Spice Girls used dance-pop as a musical base, but they infused the music with a fiercely independent, feminist stance that was equal parts Madonna, post-riot grrrl alternative rock feminism, and a co-opting of the good-times-all-the-time stance of England's new lad culture. Their proud, all-girl image and catchy dance-pop appealed to younger listeners, while their colorful, sexy personalities and sense of humor appealed to older music fans, making Spice Girls a cross-generational success. The group also became chart-toppers throughout Europe in 1996, before concentrating in America in early 1997. Every member of Spice Girls was given a specific identity by the British press from the outset, and each label was as much an extension of their own personality as it was a marketing tool, since each name derived from their debut single and video, "Wannabe." Geri Estelle Halliwell was the "sexy Spice"; Melanie Janine Brown was the "scary Spice"; Victoria Adams was "the posh Spice"; Melanie Jayne Chisholm was "the sporty Spice"; Emma Lee Bunton was "the baby Spice." Each persona was exploited in the group's press articles and videos, which helped send "Wannabe" to the top of the charts upon its summer release in 1996. If all of the invented personalities made Spice Girls seem manufactured, that's because they were to a certain extent. Every member of the group was active in England's theatrical, film, and modeling circuit before the group's formation, and they all responded to an advertisement requesting five "lively girls" for a musical group in the summer of 1993. The manager who placed the ad chose all five members of Spice Girls, yet the women rejected his plans for their career and set out on their own two months after forming. For the next two years, the Girls fought to get a record contract, since most record labels insisted that the band pick one member as a clear leader, which is something the group refused. Eventually, Spice Girls signed a contract to Virgin Records. They were without a manager, though, which made recording a debut album nearly impossible. All five members moved into a house and went on the dole as they searched for a manager. By the end of 1995, the group had signed with Annie Lennox's manager Simon Fuller, and began writing songs with Elliot Kennedy. "Wannabe," Spice Girls' first single, was released in the summer of 1996 and became the first debut single by an all-female band to enter the British charts at number one. It remained there for seven weeks, and by the end of the year, "Wannabe" had hit number one in 21 other countries. Immediately following the success of "Wannabe," Spice Girls became media icons in Britain as stories of their encounters with other celebrities became fodder for numerous tabloids, as did nude photos of Halliwell that she posed for earlier in her career. All of this added to the group's momentum, and their second single, "Say You'll Be There," entered the charts at number one in the fall, selling 200,000 copies a week. Spice, their debut album, was released at the end of the year, accompanied by their first ballad, "2 Become 1." Both the album and single went directly to number one, staying there for several weeks; both records were at number one over the Christmas week, making Spice Girls one of three artists to achieve that feat. Having topped the charts in virtually every other country in the Western world, Spice Girls concentrated on America in early 1997, releasing "Wannabe" in January and Spice in February. They became massive stars in the U.S. as well, also scoring the hits "Say You'll Be There" and "2 Become 1"; Spiceworld, their second LP, appeared later in the year in conjunction with their feature film of


What is the name of the central family in ‘National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation’?

‘National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation’ cast: Where are the Griswolds now? | Fox News ‘National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation’ cast: Where are the Griswolds now? Published December 24, 2012 Chevy Chase then and now.  (Getty Entertainment ) Juliette Lewis then and now.  (Getty Entertainment ) Beverly D'Angelo then and now.  (Getty Entertainment ) Previous Next Decades after the Griswolds celebrated Christmas in the 1989 holiday hit “National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation,” audiences around the world can still enjoy (and relate to) the family's tortured enthusiasm for the holidays. The film has become an American holiday classic that’s watched over and over each year. While the memorable characters are forever frozen in time (along with daughter Audrey's eyeballs and lower limbs), Snakkle.com takes a look at what happened to the actors who played them all so well. Chevy Chase as Clark Griswold Clark Griswold is determined to enjoy "the most fun-filled, old-fashioned family Christmas ever," so the famously hapless father invites a bunch of dysfunctional relatives to the Chicago home he shares with his wife Ellen and their kids Rusty and Audrey. Too bad his well-intentioned holiday plans quickly spiral out of control as he trips, falls and bumbles his way through one iconic scene after the other. After all, no Griswold Christmas celebration would be complete without 25,000 lights encasing the house, an electrocuted cat in the yard, an exploding turkey on the table and a S.W.A.T. team ready to break down the front door. PHOTOS: See all 25 pics in the “Where are they now ‘National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation’ gallery Chevy Chase NOW Chevy Chase reprised his role as Clark in the comedy “Vegas Vacation” (1997). Since then he’s continued acting with steady but lower profile work, like a two-episode guest appearance on “Brothers & Sisters” in 2007 and sporadic appearances on the program that launched his career in 1975, “Saturday Night Live.” More recently, fans saw Chase in his role as Pierce Hawthorne on the show “Community.” But perhaps his biggest achievement to date is his long-lasting relationship with Jayni Chase. The couple married in 1982, and they’ve raised three children together. Juliette Lewis as Audrey Audrey is still as snarky as ever, and she really lets loose when faced with the idea of spending her holiday trapped at home with “loved ones.” “Would it be indecent to ask the grandparents to stay at a hotel?” she asks. The answer is yes, so she’s forced to share a bed with her brother Rusty. In the film, she’s frozen from the waist down on a chilly expedition to get the family Christmas tree. No worries! “It’s all part of the experience!” shouts her dad about her frost-induced blindness. Juliette Lewis NOW Juliette Lewis was relatively unknown when she played Audrey in 1989—but her fortunes quickly improved. That year, Lewis began a four-year relationship with heartthrob Brad Pitt after the two met while working on a TV movie. “Dating Brad Pitt isn’t the most interesting thing that ever happened to me,” insists Lewis, who would later be married for two years to skateboarder Steve Berra. Perhaps she’s prouder of her Oscar nomination for her role as Danielle Bowden in the thriller “Cape Fear” (1991) or critically acclaimed roles in hits like “What’s Eating Gilbert Grape” (1993) and “Natural Born Killers” (1994). After quitting acting for six years to perform with her punk-rock band Juliette and the Licks, she’s now back on the small screen as Tammy in the TV show “The Firm.” Beverly D’Angelo as Ellen Griswold In this holiday installment of the Griswold family movies, Ellen returns as the levelheaded voice of reason. As always, she’s less than impressed with her husband’s efforts to create the perfect family memory. "Clark! Slow down! I don't want to spend the holidays dead!" she complains after they hop in the car to look for the perfect Christmas tree. Later she sums up the whole experience as best she can: “I don't know what to say, except, it's Christmas and we're all in misery.” Beverly D’Angelo NOW Beverly D’Angel


What real bird was later replaced by a fake one in traditional ‘hunts’ on Boxing Day?

Christmas in the UK, British culture, customs and traditions in December - Christmas Celebrations Christmas On-line Advent - (Four Sundays Before Christmas) Advent is not widely celebrated in England, its celebration actually originated in Germany, although in the church calendar Advent is the official start of the run up to Christmas. Two traditions that have caught on in England are the Advent calendar and the Advent candle. The Advent Calendar originated in the 19th Century from the protestant area of Germany. Protestant Christian families made a chalk line for every day in December until Christmas Eve. Before long, commercial entrepreneurs started replacing the ephemeral chalk lines with printed calendars. The first known Advent Calendar is for the advent of 1851. Nowadays it is usually a thin rectangular card with 24 or 25 doors. The doors are numbered 1-24/25. Door number 1 is opened on the 1st of December, door 2 on the 2nd etc. Behind each door there is a Christmas scene (but the most popular ones have a chocolate behind each door) . An Advent candle often has 25 marks on it, a bit of the candle is burned down by one mark each day. In some homes, 24 candles are kept, one for each night from December 1 through Christmas eve. One candle is lit for a while on December 1, then a new candle is added each day for the 24 day period. However, it is now more common to have four candles for the four weeks before Christmas. One candle is lit on the first Sunday, two the second week and so on. The candles were often placed on a wreath upon the dining room table. Advent candles are lit in many homes, schools and churches, in England, with a final central candle lit on Christmas Day; these are often on a hanging decoration known as an "Advent Crown." They became exceedingly popular due to a children's TV programme called Blue Peter, who every year made an advent crown from old coathangers, tinsel and candles! Well, they used to use candles, but because of health and safety insanity they now give instructions using baubles - it's not really the same, but you can make an advent crown following the instructions in this pdf file. Christmas Eve - December 24th In England less emphasis is placed on Christmas Eve than in other countries, much more is made of Christmas Day and Boxing Day. Carol singing, midnight church services and going out to the pub are some of the activities that many families enjoy (sometimes all three activities can be combined into one fun night out!). Night time on Christmas Eve though is a very exciting time for young children. It is the time when Santa or Father Christmas comes. They hang up their stockings and go to sleep. Santa and his elves make all the toys for Christmas in his home in Greenland. On Christmas Eve he piles all of the toys onto his sleigh and rides across the sky with his 9 reindeer (Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner (or it may be Donder), Blitzen and of course ... Rudolf!). The most famous one is Rudolf the who is always the one at the front, to lead the way with his red nose. In the morning when the children wake up they open their stocking presents. Traditionally on Christmas Eve mince pies and sherry (or milk) are left out for Santa and nowadays carrots are left for his reindeer. Most children are in bed way before midnight waiting for Santa to visit. Christmas Day The origins of the now traditional Christmas Celebration, distinct from earlier pagan winter holidays, date to sixth century England. By the middle ages, it was a well established important holiday, with traditional pageantry, customs, music and feasting all its own. Customs from pre Christian days were incorporated into the Celebrations, and many still remain. However in 1647, the English parliament passed a law that made Christmas illegal, all festivities were banned by the Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell, who considered feasting and revelry on what was supposed to be a holy day to be immoral. The ban was lifted only when Cromwell lost power in 1660. In Britain, the Holy Days and Fasting Days Act of 1551


‘The knight of the doleful countenance’ refers to what literary figure?

Encyclopedia of Fantasy (1997) – Knight of the Doleful Countenance Encyclopedia of Fantasy (1997) Knight of the Doleful Countenance In Chapter 19 of Part One of Don Quixote (1605-1615) by Miguel de Cervantes , Sancho Panza describes the Don as "El Caballero de la Triste Figura", which can be translated as "Knight of the Doleful Countenance". The phrase has a complex effect on many readers, partly because Don Quixote's response is itself complex. Panza has so dubbed him (he says) because the author of the Story which is being told about them needed a soubriquet at this point, and so wrote it in. This metafictional sophistication certainly makes it natural to assign to post-Cervantes versions of the KOTDC a high degree of selfconsciousness about being entrapped in a told story. More immediately, the phrase clearly describes the comical half-crazed gaunt simpleton Knight of Part One, the quixotic old gentleman who believes he has been called upon to redress wrongs and who, in a world far more mundane than his chivalric romances have depicted, finds himself tilting against windmills in the belief that they are Giants . In the behaviour of this wasted ectomorph – whom illustrators have been wont to picture as hyperactive and praying-mantis-like – there is no glimmer of consciousness that he occupies an embarrassing position in a world which he takes to be Twice-Told but which – in fact, despite his assumption that he is being written – is without Story . The KOTDC is also the saddened old man who, at the end of Part Two, now understands that the world he has been attempting to defend is nothing but a play of Shadows , and that secular reality was far harsher – and immeasurably less interesting – than the world of his dreams, the world he thought was being told. He has come to the end of his book. He turns his face and dies. But what if he had lived on? As the term is used in this encyclopedia, the KOTDC is a figure of sustained, selfconscious Belatedness , a figure caught in a Thinning world who has not only failed to pass through any knot of Recognition into Eucatastrophe (>>> Healing ) but who has set his face against attempting to do so. He lives, therefore, in the aftermath of a profound disappointment in the nature of the world, and bears his nature as a kind of wound – Fisher-King imagery tends to suffuse descriptions of the KOTDC, even though he may be defined, like King Fisher in Michael Tippett 's Opera The Midsummer Marriage (1955) or King Haggard in Peter S Beagle 's The Last Unicorn (1968), as one who in fact refuses the role – which necessitates his attempts to recline within an aesthetic posture of world-weariness, or to rule a world he blights through his refusal to permit growth. He is an aristocrat who feigns to abjure a world whose contempt he has not actually earned. He remains quixotic, in the sense that he tends to retain an inveterate (though mournful) interest in the minutiae of science and in contriving aesthetic solutions to the problems of getting through the day; but the moment of truth for him is always something sunk deep into the past (> Stemma ), and the formulae which give shape to his day-to-day existence are entered into with a profound sigh. The KOTDC re-entered literature in the first decades of the 19th century as a kind of Twin to Accursed Wanderers like the protagonist of Charles Maturin 's Melmoth the Wanderer (1820); he also very closely resembles the first literary Vampires – figures like Lord Ruthven (based on Lord Byron ) in John Polidori 's The Vampyre: A Tale (1819 chap). But the KOTDC reached full flower as an Icon in the form of the White Knight in Lewis Carroll 's Through the Looking-glass, and What Alice Found There (1871), through his Bondage to the progress of the Chess match whose rules shape the text (and cause him constantly to fall off his horse in a parody of the Knight's Move), because of the unavailing fertility of his mind (for none of his inventions work) and through his romantic melancholy. The White Knight, as portrayed by Sir John Tenniel (who was closely briefed


According to legend who was the son of Uther Pendragon?

Uther | Article about Uther by The Free Dictionary Uther | Article about Uther by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Uther Also found in: Dictionary , Wikipedia . Uther Pendragon: see Arthurian legend Arthurian legend, the mass of legend, popular in medieval lore, concerning King Arthur of Britain and his knights. Medieval Sources The battle of Mt. Badon—in which, according to the Annales Cambriae (c. ..... Click the link for more information. . Pendragon, Uther: see Arthurian legend Arthurian legend, the mass of legend, popular in medieval lore, concerning King Arthur of Britain and his knights. Medieval Sources The battle of Mt. Badon—in which, according to the Annales Cambriae (c. ..... Click the link for more information. .


What does fluke mean? A trematode; a parasitic flatworm of the trematoda class, related to the tapeworm. The man had become infected with flukes after eating a meal of raw fish. fluke(Noun) Either of the two lobes of a whale's or similar creature's tail. The dolphin had an open wound on the left fluke of its tail where the propeller had injured it. fluke(Noun) Any of the triangular blades at the end of an anchor, designed to catch the ground. The fluke of the anchor was wedged between two outcroppings of rock and could not be dislodged. fluke A metal hook on the head of certain staff weapons (such as a bill), made in various forms depending on function, whether used for grappling or to penetrate armour when swung at an opponent. The polearm had a wide, sharpened fluke attached to the central point. fluke In general, an offshoot from a central piece. After casting the bronze statue, we filed down the flukes and spurs from the molding process. Webster Dictionary(5.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition: Fluke(noun) an instrument for cleaning out a hole drilled in stone for blasting Fluke(noun) an accidental and favorable stroke at billiards (called a scratch in the United States); hence, any accidental or unexpected advantage; as, he won by a fluke Origin: [Cf. LG. flunk, flunka wing, the palm of an anchor; perh. akin to E. fly.] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Fluke Fluke are an English electronic music group formed in the late 1980s by Mike Bryant, Jon Fugler and Mike Tournier with Julian Nugent as the band's manager. The band's conception was influenced by the members interest in the burgeoning acid house music scene and particularly the work of Cabaret Voltaire and Giorgio Moroder. The band are noted for their diverse range of electronic styles spanning the house, techno, ambient and blues genres; for their reclusivity, rarely giving interviews; and for lengthy timespans between albums. Many listeners know of Fluke only through the inclusion of their music in many blockbuster film soundtracks—most notably The Matrix Reloaded and Sin City—as well as featuring prominently on the soundtracks to Need for Speed: Underground 2 and the Wipeout video game series. The film The Experiment uses their song "YKK". To date Fluke have produced five original studio albums, two "best of" compilations and two live albums. Throughout their career they have made several changes to their line-up with credited appearances attributed to Neil Davenport playing guitars, Robin Goodridge on drums and Hugh Bryder as a DJ. When Fluke were touring for Risotto they were joined on stage by Rachel Stewart who acted as a personification of the band's official mascot, a character from the Wipeout series named Arial Tetsuo. Stewart continued as lead female vocalist and as a dancer for all of Fluke's live performances between 1997 and 1999. Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Fluke flōōk, n. a flounder: a parasitic trematoid worm which causes the liver-rot in sheep, so called because like a miniature flounder: a variety of kidney potato. [A.S. flóc, a plaice; cf. Ice. flóke.] Fluke flōōk, n. the part of an anchor which fastens in the ground.—adj. Fluk′y. [Prob. a transferred use of the foregoing.] Fluke flōōk, n. a successful shot made by chance, as at billiards: any unexpected advantage. Editors Contribution(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: fluke the test was a fluke. Numerology The numerical value of fluke in Chaldean Numerology is: 6 Pythagorean Numerology


What used to be called the Trucial States?

Trucial States - definition of Trucial States by The Free Dictionary Trucial States - definition of Trucial States by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Trucial+States Related to Trucial States: Abu Zaby Trucial States (ˈtruːʃəl) pl n (Placename) a former name (until 1971) of the United Arab Emirates Also called: Trucial Sheikhdoms, Trucial Oman or Trucial Coast Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: United Arab Emirates References in periodicals archive ? He spent more than 30 years trading in the Gulf before the oil story started, frequently visiting the Arab side of the Gulf and the Trucial States where he became well-known and trusted by the people and rulers over many years. A shining example.. Located in the South-East corner of the Arabian Peninsula, with coastlines on both the Arabian Gulf and on the Sea of Oman, the seven emirates, formerly known as the Trucial States, came together following the withdrawal of Britain after 150 years. UAE's march of towering developmental achievements Shaikh Muhammad bin Salem al-Qassemi, an influential member of the ruling family's "Bani-Salem" branch which once ruled both Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah and controlled parts of other Trucial States, has been the president of the Sharjah Chamber of Commerce and Industry for years.


Which publication used to call itself The London Charivari?

Punch, or the London Charivari: An Introduction Victorian Web Home —> Periodicals —> Punch ] Titlepages of Punch. Left to right: (1) Punch as Dionysius worshipped by nymphs and at least one drum-playing satyr. (2) Triumphant Re-eection of Mr. Punch — Member for Everywhere. (3) Punch as St. George slaying the Dragon. The title of the famous magazine of Victorian humour, Punch, is probably short for Punchinello, adapted from the Neapolitan dialectal "polecenella," a young turkey cock, to the hooked bill of which the hooked nose of Punch's mask in the Commedia del Arte bears some resemblance. One evening at the beginning of June, 1841 Mark Lemon and Henry Mayhew , met at the Edinburgh Castle in the Strand, London, to discuss the possibility of starting a new comic journal. Lemon and Mayhew were both reforming liberals and the plan was to combine humour and political comment. Others invited to the original meeting included Douglas Jerrold, a journalist with the reputation for campaigning against poverty, and John Leech , a medical student whose drawings had impressed Lemon. During the meeting at the Edinburgh Castle, someone remarked that a humourous magazine, like good punch, needed lemon. Mayhew, remarked "A capital idea! Let's call the paper 'Punch'." Mark Lemon and Henry Mayhew found three other men to help finance the magazine, the printer, Joseph Last, the engraver, Ebenezer Landells and Stirling Coyne. Lemon and Mayhew recruited a team of young journalists and artists. Douglas Jerrold was probably the most important journalist on the magazine, but other writers who contributed included Shirley Brooks, William Wills and William Makepeace Thackeray . As well as John Leech, who was with the magazine from the start, Richard Doyle and Archibald Henning produced the drawings. (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jpunch.htm) Thus, Punch, or the London Charivari , the famous illustrated magazine of humour, was founded by journalists Henry Mayhew (1812-87), Joseph Stirling Coyne (1803-68), and Mark Lemon (1809-7) in 1841 (first number published on 17 July). At first, a strongly radical journal, it gradually mellowed in outlook over the 1850s. One or two such comic papers had already appeared in London in the 1830s, notably Figaro in London (1831-9), edited first by Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, and then by Henry Mayhew, and Punchinello (1832) illustrated by George Cruikshank . Early imitators of Figaro were Mark Lemon's Punch in London and Thomas Hood's annual Comic Offering . Meantime, in Paris, Philippon's Charivari was all the rage, so it occurred to Ebenezer Landells, a draughtsman and wood-engraver, that a similar illustrated paper might do well in London. He submitted the idea to the popular journalist Henry Mayhew, who in turn enlisted the support of Mark Lemon, the well-known humourist, journalist, and dramatist. In December 1842, owing to financial difficulties (although early numbers of Punch sold 6,000 copies a week, sales of at least 10,000 were needed to cover costs), the firm of Bradbury and Evans, both printers and publishers, acquired the magazine. The firm made the most of its capital investment in presses and types by printing both Punch and the novels of Dickens and Thackeray. Under its first editor, Lemon, Punch provided an outlet for comic writers such as Thackeray and such comic artists as John Leech, Richard Doyle, John Tenniel , Charles Keene (whose first drawing appeared in 1851, and who joined the staff in 1860), and George Du Maurier (who began contributing in 1860, and joined the staff in 1864), all of whom were also noted book illustrators. Other cartoonists who worked for Punch during this period included Harry Furniss, Linley Sambourne, Francis Carruthers Gould, and Phil May. This group usually referred to itself as "The Punch Brotherhood," although to outsiders they were "those Punch people." In the 1840s a number of them were closely associated with Charles Dickens, who abandoned Chapman and Hall for Bradbury and Evans, the publishers of Punch, after they failed to secure him ï¿½1,000 clear o


Which cocktail consists of vodka, Galliano and orange juice?

Cocktails - Simply Blues - American theme restaurants located in Leigh on Sea and Hornchurch in Essex, England HIGH FIVE malibu, cremé de banane, blue curaçao, orange & pineapple juice £7.85 LIQUORICE ALL SORT black sambuca, cremé de banane, fraise, blue curaçao & lemonade £5.95 LONG ISLAND ICED TEA tequila, bacardi, vodka, triple sec, gin, sour mix & cola £7.85 LONG BEACH ICE TEA tequila, bacardi, vodka, triple sec, gin, sour mix & cranberry £7.85 LYNCHBURG LEMONADE jack daniels, triple sec, sweet & sour mix with a lemonade top £6.25   SINGAPORE SLING gordons gin, cointreau, cherry brandy, orange & pineapple juice, grenadine soda £7.85 BLUES LAGOON gin, vodka, blue curaçao, topped with lemonade £6.25 COSMOPOLITAN vodka, cointreau, lime & cranberry juice £6.25 HARVEY WALLBANGER vodka, galliano & orange juice £6.25 MOJITO light rum, mint, lime & sugar (also - raspberry, strawberry) £6.75 PINA COLADA light rum, malibu, pineapple juice & cream £6.25 SLOE COMFORTABLE SCREW vodka, sloe gin, southern comfort & orange juice £6.75 TEQUILA SUNRISE tequila, orange juice & grenadine £4.95 THE BIG EASY southern comfort, triple sec, orange & ginger ale £6.25   STRAWBERRY ECLAIR frangelico, hazelnut liqueur, strawberry liqueur & lime juice £6.25 B52’S kahlua, baileys & grand marnier £6.75 MARGARITA tequila, triple sec & fresh lime juice £6.25 SQUASHED FROG midori, advocaat & grenadine £6.25 SLIPPERY NIPPLE sambuca & baileys £6.25 GODFATHER scotch whisky, disarano £6.25 SWIZZLE rum, brandy & sour mix (on crushed ice) £6.25 BUBBLEGUM midori, melon liqueur, ameretto & cream £6.25 JELLY BELLY BEANY bacardi, peach schnapps, malibu with real jelly beans £6.25 PEANUT BUTTER & JELLY black raspberry liqueur, frangelico & baileys £6.25   TOOTIE FRUITY vodka, banana liqueur, galliano, cranberry, orange & pineapple £6.25 TENNESEE ICE TEA jack daniels, light rum, vodka, cointreau, sour mix & pepsi £7.85 NICE GIRLS DON’T malibu, cremé de banane, midori, lemon & orange juice £6.75 SWEET TART vodka,chambord black raspberry liquor, ameretto, lemonade £6.25 PEARL HARBOUR bacardi, melon liqueur & pineapple juice £6.25 SEX ON THE BEACH vodka, peach schnapps, orange & cranberry juice £6.25 TAHITI TED’S TEQUILA TEASE tequila, blue curaçao, peach schnapps, sour mix & lemonade top £6.75 WOO WOO vodka, peach schnapps & cranberry £6.25   ESPRESSO MARTINI single espresso shot, shaken over ice with vodka & kahlua £6.25 JUMPING JACK FLASH jack daniels, banana liqueur, galliano, orange & pineapple juice £6.25 LEMON MERINGUE MARTINI vodka, baileys & fresh lemon juice £6.25 AMARETTO SOUR disaronno, burbon & sugar syrup shaken over ice £6.25 MELONBALL SOUR absolute vodka, midori & melon liqueur £6.25 RUM SOUR sailor jerry spiced rum, bacardi, orange juice & sour syrup £6.25   BANANA DAIQUIRI cremé de banane, white rum, lime juice & fresh banana £6.75 CHEEKY MONKEY fresh banana, chocolate sauce, kahlua, banana liquor & vanilla ice cream £6.75 ATOMIC DOG bacardi, midori, melon liqueur, malibu & pineapple juice £6.25 MAI TAI FOR TWO dark rum, light rum, apricot brandy, tequila, triple sec, orange & pineapple juice, bitters & grenadine £10.80 For 1 £6.75 MAT ON THE RAT spiced rum, triple sec, orange juice & 7 up £6.25 PEACH DAIQUIRI white rum, peach schnapps, lime juice & peaches £6.75 P.S. I LOVE YOU baileys, frangelico, kahlua, dark rum & cream £6.75 ROCKY MOUNTAIN ROOT BEER vodka, galliano & cola £6.25 STRAWBERRY DAIQUIRI bacardi, strawberry liqueur, lime & strawberries £6.75 DEATH BY CHOCOLATE vodka, baileys, dark chocolate liqueur & chocolate icecream £6.25   AMERICAN CREAM SODA vodka, tia maria, lime & lemonade £6.25 RASPBERRY LYNCHBURG jack daniels, raspberry liqueur, sour syrup & 7up £6.25 JELLYBEAN pernod, bacardi, vodka, blackcurrant & lemonade £6.75 MANHATTAN MUDSLIDE vodka, tia maria, baileys, amaretto, chocolate sauce & cream £6.75 SEA BREEZE double absolut vodka, cranberry & grapefruit juices £6.25 YES MR. PRESIDENT jack daniels, southern comfort, lime & lemonade £6.25 TOTAL RECALL southern comfort, tequila, spiced rum, cranberry & orange juice £6.25   FIZZ


Which creature fought the lion in Alice Through the Looking Glass?

The Lion and the Unicorn | Through the Looking Glass, by Lewis Carroll 7. The Lion and the Unicorn Through the Looking Glass, by Lewis Carroll THE next moment soldiers came running through the wood, at first in twos and threes, then ten or twenty together, and at last in such crowds that they seemed to fill the whole forest. Alice got behind a tree, for fear of being run over, and watched them go by. She thought that in all her life she had never seen soldiers so uncertain on their feet: they were always tripping over something or other, and whenever one went down, several more always fell over him, so that the ground was soon covered with little heaps of men. Then came the horses. Having four feet, these managed rather better than the foot-soldiers; but even they stumbled now and then; and it seemed to be a regular rule that, whenever a horse stumbled, the rider fell off instantly. The confusion got worse every moment, and Alice was very glad to get out of the wood into an open place, where she found the white King seated on the ground, busily writing in his memorandum-book. 'I've sent them all!' the King cried in a tone of delight, on seeing Alice. 'Did you happen to meet any soldiers, my dear, as you came through the wood?' 'Yes, I did,' said Alice: 'several thousand, I should think.' 'Four thousand two hundred and seven, that's the exact number,' the King said, referring to his book. 'I couldn't send all the horses, you know, because two of them are wanted in the game. And I haven't sent the two Messengers, either. They're both gone to the town. Just look along the road, and tell me if you can see either of them.' 'I see nobody on the road,' said Alice. 'I only wish I had such eyes,' the King remarked in a fretful tone. 'To be able to see Nobody! And at the distance too! Why, it's as much as I can do to see real people, by this light!' All this was lost on Alice, who was still looking intently along the road, shading her eyes with one hand. 'I see somebody now!' she exclaimed at last. 'But he's coming very slowly — and what curious attitudes he goes into!' (For the Messenger kept skipping up and down, and wriggling like an eel, as he came along, with his great hands spread out like fans on each side.) 'Not at all,' said the King. 'He's an Anglo-Saxon Messenger — and those are Anglo-Saxon attitudes. He only does them when he's happy. His name is Haigha.' (He pronounced it so as to rhyme with 'mayor'.) 'I love my love with an H,' Alice couldn't help beginning, 'because he is Happy. I hate him with an H, because he is Hideous. I fed him with — with — with Ham-sandwiches and Hay. His name is Haigha, and he lives —' 'He lives on the Hill,' the King remarked simply, without the least idea that he was joining in the game, while Alice was still hesitating for the name of a town beginning with H. 'The other Messenger's called Hatta. I must have two, you know — to come and go. One to come, and one to go.' 'I beg your pardon?' said Alice. 'It isn't respectable to beg,' said the King. 'I only meant that I didn't understand,' said Alice. 'Why one to come and one to go?' 'Don't I tell you?' the King repeated impatiently. 'I must have two — to fetch and carry. One to fetch, and one to carry.' At this moment the Messenger arrived: he was far too much out of breath to say a word, and could only wave his hands about, and make the most fearful faces at the poor King. 'This young lady loves you with an H,' the King said, introducing Alice in the hope of turning off the Messenger's attention from himself — but it was of no use — the Anglo-Saxon attitudes only got more extraordinary every moment, while the great eyes rolled wildly from side to side. 'You alarm me!' said the King. 'I feel faint — Give me a ham-sandwich!' On which the Messenger, to Alice's great amusement, opened a bag that hung round his neck, and handed a sandwich to the King, who devoured it greedily. 'Another sandwich!' said the King. 'There's nothing but hay left now,' the Messenger said, peeping into the bag. 'Hay, then,' the King murmured in a faint whisper