Launched in 1906 & became a generic term for modern battleships and the name of a class of battleships in the Royal Navy.

Dreadnought battleship | WarWiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Share The sixth HMS Dreadnought of the Royal Navy was a revolutionary battleship which entered service in 1906. So advanced was Dreadnought that her name became a generic term for modern battleships, whilst the ships she made obsolete became known as "pre-dreadnoughts". Her introduction helped spark off a major naval arms race as navies around the world rushed to match her, particularly the German navy in the build up to the First World War.[1] Dreadnought was the first battleship of her era to have a uniform main battery, rather than having a few large guns complemented by a heavy secondary battery of somewhat smaller guns. She was also the first major warship to be powered by steam turbines, making her the fastest battleship in the world at the time of her completion. Contents Edit The concept was simple, and had been a consideration among naval planners for a few years. Dreadnought would use steam turbines in place of the older triple-expansion engines that had powered almost all previous ships, giving her a design speed of a steady 21  knots (39 km/h). This would allow her to outrun any existing battleship with comparable firepower, while she could outgun any faster vessel in keeping with Forrest's axiom . Submarines were largely ignored. Thus protected from smaller ships, lighter guns that would normally be placed along the sides of the ship to deal with them could be omitted. This left considerably more room for the largest guns, which were placed in turrets on the main deck. Dreadnought mounted five two-gun turrets. Three turrets were located conventionally along the centreline of the ship, with one fore (A turret) and two aft (X & Y turret), the latter pair separated by the torpedo control tower located on a dwarf tripod mast. Two further (wing) turrets (P & Q turrets) were located either side of the bridge superstructure, each able to fire only towards its side. Arrangement of all the turrets along the ship's centreline was rejected in order to minimise the risk of blast damage to the closely-packed turrets, although this precaution was later found to be unnecessary. Dreadnought could deliver a broadside of eight guns, and fire eight guns abaft or six ahead, in each case only in a narrow range of angles; she could never fire all her ten 12 inch (30 cm) guns at one target. At the time of her design end-on fire was regarded, at the instigation of Jackie Fisher, as being of paramount importance over and above broadside fire. This design concept was perpetuated in the succeeding classes, and in the earlier battlecruiser classes. Later British battleships, starting with the Superdreadnoughts of the Orion class , used a superimposed arrangement, with turrets arrayed in a stair-step arrangement on the centreline. Additional light guns were included for close-in defence but were not intended as offensive weapons. The vessels which Dreadnought was expected to engage could only bring to bear four guns of similar size, plus shorter-range guns; Dreadnought would endeavour to engage within the range of her guns, but stay out of the range of smaller guns. giving her far more effective firepower than earlier battleships. The use of a uniform main battery greatly simplified the task of adjusting fire in action. As all guns had the same ballistic characteristics the shells fell in a cluster whose size was determined by random variations and whose centre was subject to errors in aiming and other deterministic effects such as wind. If the shells were seen to splash beyond the target, the range was shortened, and viceversa; if the target was bracketed, the next volley used the same settings, adjusted for ship speeds and course changes. For a given powder load, range adjustments were made by small adjustments to elevation. This simplicity was not available if the guns are of different types and observers did not know which guns created which splashes. Dreadnought was one of the first vessels of the Royal Navy to be fitted with instruments for electronically transmitting ran


The satirical comedy Airplane! was released in what year?

Airplane! Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 185 out of 215 people found the following review useful: Arguably one of the funniest films ever made from UK 6 June 2004 "Airplane!" is, was and always shall be the master of spoof movies. It is single-handedly responsible for literally inventing a sub-genre of comedy. It is the ultimate Silly Movie. A satire of the disaster movies of the 1970s, particularly the "Airport" series, nothing makes sense and it doesn't need to. There's no real plot. Just laughs - and plenty of 'em. It was helmed by the ZAZ trio (Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker), whose dedication to making the audience laugh is surprisingly adamant. Recent spoofs may have left a bad aftertaste in your mouth, but it seems to be a universal agreement: "Airplane" is the funniest film of its genre ever made. (Closely followed by "The Naked Gun" - also penned by the ZAZ trio - perhaps.) The plot: Ted Striker (Robert Hays) is a war veteran-turned-cab-driver who decides to chase after his girlfriend, an airline stewardess named Elaine (Julie Hagerty), who has dumped him in order to pursue a new life. Right before her plane takes off, Ted climbs aboard, hitching a ride in order to woo her back into a relationship again. When the aircraft is in midflight, both pilots become very ill after eating their meals. Eventually many passengers begin to show symptoms of a rare disease, apparently transmitted by the food. Onboard, Dr. Rumack (Leslie Nielsen) takes care of the sick passengers as Ted - an ex-fighter pilot from the war - decides to try and land the plane. If he messes up they will all die, and in a particularly funny scene, the pressure becomes so unbearable that he begins to literally sweat gallons in the cockpit. That is essentially all the film is about, but most of its duration is spent cracking jokes. Spoof films are entirely different from other movies because normally we would criticize a film if it considered its plot to be the least important element. Not so here. This is a truly brainless piece of celluloid - a movie that doesn't try to be anything that it isn't. From the opening credits - that cleverly spoof "JAWS" - to the closing we realize that this is an altogether unique film going experience. The movie's biggest laughs come through unexpected flashbacks, such as when Ted remembers where he first met Elaine in a crummy bar ("...it was worse than Detroit..."), and begins to disco-dance a la John Travolta from "Saturday Night Fever" (complete with Bee Gees soundtrack blaring in the background and the famous Travolta pose). Then, later, we are taken back to when Ted was hospitalized after the war, and finds out that he was responsible for the death of six men. "Seven, actually," he is informed, which adds to the pain of the moment for him. Though this movie is very funny, many jokes misfire. If you're not pop culture savvy and you don't remember Mrs. Cleaver from TV's "Leave it to Beaver", the humor is going to go over your head. But unlike many comedies, "Airplane!" offers something unique for each person. I know that as a film lover, I picked up on many movie in-jokes that some people might not recognize. And then there were the gags that I first missed but picked up after a second viewing, or when someone explained them to me, or both. And I'm sure there are many yet that I'm not aware of. It seems that every time I watch it, there's something else to laugh at that I missed previously. "Airplane!" not only was a huge success in 1980 (the year of its release), spinning off a horde of imitators and one sequel - it was also responsible for crowning Leslie Nielsen "The King of Spoof." Prior to "Airplane!" Nielsen had been a veteran of more serious productions, stemming back to playing cowboys on "The Mickey Mouse Club" and other embarrassing attempts at acting. However, Nielsen later claimed that he had always wanted to do a comedy, even when he first started acting seriously with projects such as the classic "Forbidden Planet" (one of the best science-fiction films ever made). He later reunited with the ZAZ trio for


MiniBus, NintendoJet, ScareBus, Chainsaw, Deathjet are all nicknames for which model of aircraft?

Aircraft Nicknames Aircraft Nicknames Contents Search this website: Great collection of pet names for your aircraft. Can't help noticing that   the number of names is inversely proportional to the types popularity /   infamy! BAe 146: 28 names Metroliner: 15 names A320: 12 names If you have any more names send them in to me to add to the list. All of the information, photographs & schematics from this website and much more is now available in a 374 page printed book or in electronic format . *** Updated 17 Jan 2017 *** A318: Nanobus, Baby Bus A319: Microbus, Shorty, Short Bus (Derogatory American phrase) A320: MiniBus, NintendoJet, ScareBus, Chainsaw, Deathjet, Freddie  Kruegers wet dream, Toulouse Grasscutter, The Strimmer, Fifi, Die-by-Wire, the French Bitch, Sully's Ark (What's the difference between an A320 and a beaver? 4000 trees per  hour.) A320 is known as 'The John Wayne' Because they 'Chop down trees, move  mountains and kill Indians!!' A330: Slippy, The Aircraft in Plastic A340: Four-person Hair Dryer, LowRider (takes so long to get off the ground) A350: The Racoon A380: Double Decker Bus, Megabus, Whalejet, the Wannabe Queen Alouette: Chicken chaser Avro Shackleton: Shacklecaster, flying Cow, Old Grey Lady, 10 Thousand rivets flying in loose formation Avro Vulcan: Tin-triangle, Flat-iron, Mechanical Hang Glider AW62 Argosy: Whistling Wheelbarrow, Whistling Tit BAC 111:Pocket rocket, Bone Vibrator. BAe146: Viscount 900, Smurfjet with 5 APU's, The Gas Chamber,  Bumble-et, Baby Jumbo, Bring Another Engine, 1-4-Sick, submarine- low  slow and out of sight, Airborne Auschwitz, Tonka Toy, 4 oil leaks  connected by an electrical fault, The Quadra-Puff, Lead Sled, Mini  Galaxy, Sky Dozer, Fisher Price 747, "1 aeroplane, 4 engines, needs 6",  The Slug, Toxic Terror, Muffler (Because all the noise is on the  inside), Fruit Bat, Flying cockroach, Dungbeetle, Jump Jet, The SUV of RJs, Jumbolino, Aluminum Buffalo, four hairdryers in close formation. BAe ATP: Advanced/Another Technical Problem, The Parrot (cos it's  just a big Budgie), Ancient Technology Perpetuated, Bat Pee, Skoda, 80p,  Wigwam (A TeePee). BAe Harrier: Leaping Heap BAe Jetstream: Junkstream, Wetdream, Soda-stream, Sweatstream, Jetscream, AreWeThereYet?stream, J-Ball. BAe Nimrod: Never Intended for Maritime Reconnaissance Or  Development. Bristol Beaufighter: Whispering Death Bristol Freighter: Whispering Death, 10,000 rivets in close formation Beech 18: Flying snag, Bugsmasher Beech 99: 99-Liner Beech Bonanza: Doctor killer (its reputation as such is  ubiquitous) Beech 200: Super K Beech 1900: Flipper, Dolphin, Stonefish, Mini Guppy, Stretch King Air, Bitch 1900 Beech T-34: Radial Interceptor Bell 206: Deathranger, Hydraulic palmtree Bell UH-1: Huey, Hog, Dustoff Beverly: Flying Longhouse Bristol Britannia: The Whispering Giant (Was this the original       WG?), Freighter version: The Whispering Warehouse Bristol Freighter: Freightener Boeing Stratocruiser: Stratoboozer (a reference to the bar these aircraft had on board), "The Best Three Engined Plane Crossing the Atlantic" Boeing E4B: Doomsday Plane, The Ark, Double Humper Boeing T43: Gator (for Navigator) Boeing 707: Slush bucket, Water wagon Boeing 727: 3 holer, Tri-jet, Trisaurus, Triple crome-plated stovepipe, Jurassic Jet, Ear Blaster Boeing 737: Tin mouse, Maggot, Pocket Rocket Socket, FLUF (Fat Little  Ugly F**cker), Light Twin, Baby Boeing, Fat Freddy, Guppy, Thunder Guppy (series 1/200), Yuppy Guppy, Super Guppy (series 3/4/500), Pig, Bobby (BOeing  BaBY), Rudder Rotor, Fat Albert, Dung Beatle. Boeing 737NG: Super FLUF (Fat Little  Ugly F**cker). Boeing 747: Jumbo Jet, Whale, The Valiant, Upstairs and Downstairs, Lump, Humpback, Queen of the Skies (used for many aircraft but probably mostly the 747). Boeing 747SP: Short Plane, Stupid Purchase. Boeing 757: Stick Insect, AtariFerrari, Slippery Snake, Flying Pencil, Long Tall Sally (long legs and two great big…engines.), Greased Bullet Boeing 757-300: Long misery, Subway Train. Boeing 767: Dumpster, Sl


In August 2009, the band Train released what hit, that made it to #3 on the American Billboard charts?

Artist Train Albums Train Biography Train were inescapable during the turn of the 21st century, when songs like "Calling All Angels" and "Drops of Jupiter" made the San Francisco residents some of America's most popular balladeers. Although formed during the glory days of post-grunge, the group found more success in the pop/rock world, where Train straddled the line between adult contemporary and family-friendly alternative rock. The hits began drying up after 2003, but Train continued releasing material throughout the rest of the decade and even returned to the charts in 2010, when the single "Hey, Soul Sister" became a surprise Top Ten hit. Following the dissolution of his Led Zeppelin cover band, singer Pat Monahan left his hometown of Erie, Pennsylvania in late 1993. He resettled in California and crossed paths with Rob Hotchkiss, the former frontman of a Los Angeles group named the Apostles. The two formed their own duo and began playing local coffeehouse shows, eventually expanding the group to a trio with the addition of former Apostles guitarist Jim Stafford. Bassist Charlie Colin and drummer Scott Underwood also climbed aboard, thus solidifying Train's lineup in 1994. Over the course of several years, Train developed a sizable audience in the San Francisco area. The band also toured the country, opening shows for the likes of Barenaked Ladies and Counting Crows while drumming up enough money to record an album. Although few labels showed interest at first, Train eventually attracted the interest of Columbia Records, who signed the band to one of its smaller labels — Aware Records — and issued the self-financed debut record Train in 1998. "Meet Virginia" became a Top 40 hit one year later, but the band truly hit its stride in 2001, when Drops of Jupiter became a multi-platinum success thanks to its titular single. The song remained in the Top 40 for nearly 40 weeks, while the album itself sold more than three million copies. My Private Nation followed in 2003 and went platinum, largely due to the successful single "Calling All Angels." Although the album didn't yield any more Top 40 hits, three of its songs fared well on the adult contemporary charts, a sign that Train had traded its alternative rock roots for an older fan base. For Me, It's You followed in 2006, but sales proved to be the lowest of Train's career. Accordingly, Monahan briefly turned his focus inward, releasing a solo album in 2007 and briefly touring behind it. He returned to the fold shortly thereafter, though, and Train issued their fifth album, Save Me, San Francisco, in 2009. The album helped rejuvenate Train's career, with "Hey, Soul Sister" peaking at number three on the Billboard 100. In 2012 the band released its sixth studio album, California 37, which debuted at number four on the Billboard chart. Despite these successes, the bandmembers felt that mainstream "cool" continued to elude them. Monahan spoke of wanting to record an album that was more commercial, but would also connect emotionally with the public. With these ambitious goals, they knuckled down to writing and recording a new album, though without drummer and founding member Scott Underwood, who left the band amicably before production began and was replaced by Drew Shoals. Train's seventh studio album, Bulletproof Picasso, was finished in 2014 and released in September of that year. It was preceded by the slick, country-tinged single "Angel in Blue Jeans," which didn't make many waves on the charts. Nevertheless, the album debuted at five on the Billboard Top 200. A year later, after Bulletproof Picasso failed to generated any subsequent hit singles — "Cadillac, Cadillac" and "Bulletproof Picasso" did make the Billboard Adult chart — Train released the seasonal Christmas in Tahoe. The following summer, Train covered the entirety of Led Zeppelin's second album with Does Led Zeppelin II. Birth Date: 1994


What make of car was used as the platform for the time machine in the Back to the Future franchise?

These Are The Absurdly Great Cars Of The Back To The Future Trilogy These Are The Absurdly Great Cars Of The Back To The Future Trilogy Go to permalink Last weekend, the weather in the District of Columbia was rainy, gross and cold, as it often is this time of year. So I did what any freedom-loving American man would do: I stayed inside and watched the Back to the Future trilogy. And right after Marty wandered into the 1955 version Hill Valley for the first time, this realization dawned on me: Damn, there are some seriously great cars in these movies. Advertisement Honestly, I don’t know how it took me this long to figure that out. I’ve been watching these movies since I was a kid. I think I’ve seen each entry in the trilogy more times than I’ve seen any other movie. That early exposure to Back to the Future is one of the many reasons I'm a car guy. The filmmakers could have made Doc Brown’s time machine out of anything, but they made it out of a car. And not just any car, a very cool-looking sportscar with a stick shift. What’s not to love? But the DeLorean isn’t just the only awesome car running around the various eras of Hill Valley. If you look closely, you’ll see that there are tons of great rides in the trilogy (mainly the first two, for obvious reasons.) These are all the ones I could come up with. Feel free to add your own, I’m sure I missed some. Now why don’t you make like a tree and check out these awesome cars? 1981 DeLorean DMC-12 Advertisement Here’s the obvious pick. You can’t talk about Back to the Future without talking about John Z.’s failed masterpiece. Doc Brown says he picked the DeLorean for his time machine to “do it with some style,” and because the stainless steel body helped with flux dispersal or some such science-y nonsense. I’m just glad he picked one without the slushbox, because the stick makes it that much cooler. (Did you still have to shift gears when it was flying?) A few folks on the Internet have claimed that the DeLoreans used in Part 2 and Part 3 had some kind of Porsche motor swapped in to replace the anemic PRV V6, possibly the V8 from the 928. I haven’t seen any confirmation of that. Anyone have any leads? I do love the fact that it ends up with whitewall tires in the third movie. Keep in mind that when the first movie came out in 1985, the DeLorean had been out of production for two years, and the car’s demise was tied to a huge scandal , so using it as the time machine was kind of a joke. Instead, the trilogy made the car into an icon, and it’s probably the main reason anyone remembers it today. Still, I love the DeLorean and I always have, even if it was unable to outrun a Volkswagen Bus in a parking lot without resorting to time travel. It had character, and character means a lot. Biff Tannen’s 1946 Ford Super De Luxe Sponsored Biff may have been one of the biggest assholes in cinematic history, but he had great taste in cars. His ‘46 Ford is a real looker, at least until it gets trashed by manure twice in a matter of days in 1955. He absolutely had it coming though. (One of the main plot elements of all three movies was Biff and his family getting their much-deserved comeuppance throughout history.) It must have had a tricky clutch or something, since only Biff and Old Biff from the future could start it. Biff’s car also gives us a great line from Doc in the second film, when Marty suggests the flying DeLorean land on it so they can seize the almanac. "Marty," Doc says, "He's in a '46 Ford. We're in a DeLorean. He'd rip through us like we were tin foil." Classic. Doc Brown’s 1948 Packard Custom Eight Victoria Advertisement Advertisement Of course the Doc had a Packard! He’s all about style, man, no matter what era he’s in. It shows up in a couple scenes in the films, including when Marty borrows it to take his mother to the “Enchantment Under the Sea” dance. Then he comes close to making out with her, which is probably the most unpleasant experience anyone could ever have in a car. Marty’s 1985 Toyota Xtra Cab 4x4 After Marty changes the past, his family in 1985 doesn’t suck


The high speed network of bullet trains in Japan is known as what?

How Blue Lights on Train Platforms Combat Tokyo’s Suicide Epidemic When it launched on October 1, 1964, the world’s first high-speed rail network was known as yume no chotokkyu — literally, the “super-express of dreams.” The first line in Japan’s now world-famous shinkansen network, which would come to be known as the “bullet train,” was built against all odds, in the face of fierce public opposition, technical difficulties and astronomical costs. The $80 million loan secured from the World Bank for construction and engineering barely covered expenses, and the head of the project, Shinji Sogō, resigned amid the scandal of an out-of-control budget. People called the team who worked on the project “the crazy gang.” But when it pulled out of Tokyo Station 50 years ago, the much-maligned bullet train accelerated a process of change that would transform Japan’s cities, geography and identity. After the devastation of World War 2, “The shinkansen was the symbol that Japan had not only caught up, but, in terms of railway technology at least, in 1964 had overtaken the rest of the world,” writes Christopher P. Hood in Shinkansen: From Bullet Train to Symbol of Modern Japan. It was more than just a train. The 0 Series shinkansen, painted gleaming white with a blue stripe running its length, became an early symbol of the technological ascension Japan would display through the rest of the 20th century. Today, over 350,000 annual trips transport tens of millions of passengers all over Japan with sublime efficiency — the average delay time is less than a minute. A research report titled “30 Years of High-Speed Railways: Features and Economic and Social Effects of The Shinkansen” by Hiroshi Okada, estimates that the economic impact from the shinkansen train network, based on the time saved from faster travel, is approximately ¥500 billion ($4.8 billion USD) per year. Okada stresses that the cultural impact is also significant, a shinkansen offers people living far from urban centers “easy access to concerts, exhibitions, theaters, etc., enabling them to lead fuller lives.” Half a century ago, however, the system was far humbler. In 1964, the first track was the Tokaido Line, a 320-mile-long link between Tokyo and Osaka that reduced the trip from six-and-a-half hours (on conventional trains) to three hours and 10 minutes, traveling at a maximum speed of 200 miles per hour. Although a one-day round trip between the two major cities was possible before, the shinkansen made it useful. For the first time, workers could get to meetings in one city during the day and be back home drinking an Asahi in the local izakaya that night. (That Asahi likely wouldn’t have been their first of the day — drinking beer and riding the shinkansen go hand-in-hand, to the point that Japanese beer companies produce special commemorative cans for the trains’ anniversaries.) The train expanded mobility profoundly, pulling people from rural areas to the Tokaido Line. Businesses converged around the major stops as a growing emphasis on productivity swept across Japan. Today, the shinkansen network has 1,487 miles of track, with more set to open in the coming years. All along the shinkansen tracks between Tokyo and the southern city of Fukuoka is now an almost unbroken stretch of cities and towns that didn’t exist in 1964. It seems that everything the shinkansen touches turns to city, and regions that are off the beaten track, so to speak, benefit greatly from the economic jumpstart brought by the train. When the Hokuriku Shinkansen was opened, it halved the travel time between Tokyo and Nagano, and the number of rail passengers grew by 40 percent. When the shinkansen was introduced between Tokyo and Hachinohe, ridership increased by 60 percent. In one exceptional case the number of riders on a new segment of the Kyushu line increased by 240 percent. New shinkansen lines are often proceeded by aggressive marketing campaigns promoting tourism in those areas, a strategy that seems to work. But the changes that the first shinkansen heralded — a modern era built on inno


The first coin-operated parking meter in the US was installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In what year was it installed?

World’s first parking meter installed - Jul 16, 1935 - HISTORY.com World’s first parking meter installed Share this: World’s first parking meter installed Author World’s first parking meter installed URL Publisher A+E Networks The world’s first parking meter, known as Park-O-Meter No. 1, is installed on the southeast corner of what was then First Street and Robinson Avenue in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on this day in 1935. The parking meter was the brainchild of a man named Carl C. Magee, who moved to Oklahoma City from New Mexico in 1927. Magee had a colorful past: As a reporter for an Albuquerque newspaper, he had played a pivotal role in uncovering the so-called Teapot Dome Scandal (named for the Teapot Dome oil field in Wyoming), in which Albert B. Fall, then-secretary of the interior, was convicted of renting government lands to oil companies in return for personal loans and gifts. He also wrote a series of articles exposing corruption in the New Mexico court system, and was tried and acquitted of manslaughter after he shot at one of the judges targeted in the series during an altercation at a Las Vegas hotel. By the time Magee came to Oklahoma City to start a newspaper, the Oklahoma News, his new hometown shared a common problem with many of America’s urban areas–a lack of sufficient parking space for the rapidly increasingly number of automobiles crowding into the downtown business district each day. Asked to find a solution to the problem, Magee came up with the Park-o-Meter. The first working model went on public display in early May 1935, inspiring immediate debate over the pros and cons of coin-regulated parking. Indignant opponents of the meters considered paying for parking un-American, as it forced drivers to pay what amounted to a tax on their cars, depriving them of their money without due process of law. Despite such opposition, the first meters were installed by the Dual Parking Meter Company beginning in July 1935; they cost a nickel an hour, and were placed at 20-foot intervals along the curb that corresponded to spaces painted on the pavement. Magee’s invention caught on quickly: Retailers loved the meters, as they encouraged a quick turnover of cars–and potential customers–and drivers were forced to accept them as a practical necessity for regulating parking. By the early 1940s, there were more than 140,000 parking meters operating in the United States. Today, Park-O-Meter No. 1 is on display in the Statehood Gallery of the Oklahoma Historical Society. Related Videos


Which city has the greatest number of Rolls Royce automobiles per capita?

12 Amazing Car Facts – You Never Knew - Your Car Angel - Your Car Angel Contact 12 Amazing Car Facts – You Never Knew Greg Macke is a professional car buyer and consumer advocate. He has worked closely in the industry to improve the buyers experience. His internet tutorials offer help to the car buying public. Visit him at www.yourcarangel.com First Ever Car Radio In 1930, the Galvin Corporation introduced one of the first commercial car radios, the Motorola model 5T71, which sold for between $110 and $130 and could be installed in most popular automobiles. Founders Paul Galvin and Joe Galvin came up with the name ‘Motorola’ when his company started manufacturing car radios. The Motorola prefix “motor-” was chosen because the company’s initial focus was in automotive electronics. First Electric Cars The first electric car was built in 1891 by William Morrison. However, the increasingly popular electric cars fell out of favor once Henry Ford introduced the gas-powered Model T in 1908. The years 1899 and 1900 were the high point of electric cars in America, as they outsold all other types of cars. One example was the 1902 Phaeton built by the Woods Motor Vehicle Company of Chicago, which had a range of 18 miles, a top speed of 14 mph and cost $2,000. Later in 1916, Woods also invented a hybrid car that had both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Sound familiar? Should You Turn Your Car off at a Stoplight or Not? A car uses 1.6 ounces of gas idling for one minute. It takes ½ ounce to start the average automobile. Idling uses more fuel than turning off your engine and restarting it. As a rule of thumb you should turn off your engine if you will be idling for more than 30 seconds. Where the Word “Jeep” Comes From The term “General Purpose Vehicle” or a G.P.  was used as a designation for the popular four wheel drive vehicle used during World War II. A popular character introduced in the Popeye comic strip series in 1936 named “Eugene the Jeep” was what influenced the term, and the only sound that Eugene made was “jeep“.  This connection made the new term stick and pushed it quickly into common usage. Most Roll Royce’s per Capita in the World Hong Kong is the city with the most Rolls Royce’s per capital. Hong Kong has historically been the city which has had the maximum number of luxury cars per capita in the world. In fact, the city-state of Hong Kong is considered to be the largest metropolis for luxury goods and status symbols in the world. First Steering Wheel In 1898 the Panhard et Levassor cars came equipped as standard with steering wheels. The idea caught on and similar systems sparked across the world.  By 1899, the steering wheel arrived in the  US, where Packard introduced the steering wheel on one of its models. By the time the Model T arrived, the steering wheel was an essential part of the car. First Speeding Ticket Among the firsts was a speeding ticket issued in Dayton Ohio to Harry Myers while driving on West Third Street. His infraction was going twelve miles per hour. The year was 1904. First Electric Turn Signals In 1939 Buick was the first U.S. automaker to offer factory-installed flashing turn signals. It was considered a new-fangled safety feature called the  “Flash-Way Directional Signal” operated from a switch on the new “Handi-shift” column-mounted shifter. In 1940 Buick enhanced the directional indicators by extending the signals to front lights and adding a self-canceling mechanism. That year directional signals became standard on Buick, Cadillac, LaSalle, and the Hudson Country Club vehicles and optional on Chevrolet, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac The Key of Car Horns Up until the mid 1960’s most car horns on American cars were tuned to the musical notes of E flat or C. Since then, many manufacturers have moved up on the scale to notes F sharp and A sharp.  However most American car horns beep in the key of F. First Traffic Light The first traffic lights were installed on December 10th, 1868 to control the traffic in front of the British Houses of Parliament in London. The design combi


Of the two Wright brothers, who was born first?

Wright Brothers Biography - life, story, death, school, young, information, born, contract, house, time Wright Brothers Biography Dayton, Ohio American aviators The American aviation pioneers Wilbur and Orville Wright were the first     to accomplish manned, powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine. Their early years Wilbur and Orville Wright were the sons of Milton Wright, a bishop of     the United Brethren in Christ. Wilbur was born on April 16, 1867, in     Millville, Indiana. Orville was born on August 19, 1871, in Dayton,     Ohio. Until the death of Wilbur in 1912, the two were inseparable. Their     personalities were perfectly complementary (each provided what the other     lacked). Orville was full of ideas and enthusiasms. Wilbur was more     steady in his habits, more mature in his judgments, and more likely to     see a project through. While in high school, Wilbur intended to go to Yale and study to be a     clergyman. However, he suffered a facial injury while playing hockey,     which prevented him from continuing his education. For the next three     years he continued his education informally through reading in his     father's large library. In their early years the two boys helped their father, who edited a     journal called the Religious Telescope. Later, they began a paper of their own, West Side News. They went into business together as printers producing everything from     religious handouts to commercial fliers. In 1892 they opened the Wright     Cycle Shop in Dayton. This was the perfect occupation for the Wright     brothers because it involved one of the exciting mechanical devices of     the time: the bicycle. When the brothers took up the problems of flight,     they had a solid grounding in practical mechanics (knowledge of how to     build machines). The exploits of one of the great glider pilots of the late nineteenth     century, Otto Lilienthal, had attracted the attention of the Wright     brothers as early as 1891, but it was not until the death of this famous     aeronautical (having to do with the study of flying and the design of     flying machines) engineer in 1896 that the two became interested in     gliding experiments. They then decided to educate themselves in the     theory and state of the art of flying. Wilbur Wright (left) and his brother Orville. Reproduced by permission of . Their beginnings in flight The Wrights took up the problem of flight at a favorable time, for some     of the fundamental, or basic, theories of aerodynamics were already     known; a body of experimental data existed; and, most importantly, the     recent development of the internal combustion engine made available a     sufficient source of power for manned flight. The Wright brothers began by accumulating and mastering all the     important information on the subject, designed and tested their own     models and gliders, built their own engine, and, when the experimental     data they had inherited appeared to be inadequate or wrong, they     conducted new and more thorough experiments. The Wrights decided that     earlier attempts at flight were not successful because the plans for     early airplanes required pilots to shift their bodies to control the     plane. The brothers decided that it would be better to control a plane     by moving its wings. First trip to Kitty Hawk The Wright brothers proceeded to fly double-winged kites and gliders in     order to gain experience and to test the data they had. After consulting     the U.S. Weather Bureau, they chose an area of sand dunes near the small     town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, as the site of their experiments. In     September 1900 they set up camp there. The Wrights's first device failed to fly as a kite because it was     unable to develop sufficient lift (upward force). Instead, they flew it     as a free glider. They kept careful records of their failures


Which legendary creature has the body,back legs and tail of a lion and the head and wings of an eagle?

Mythical Hybrids MYTHICAL HYBRIDS Go to A-Z List Hybrids, in the mythical realm, are creatures that combine the features and body parts of more than one real species. There are non-human versions that combine features of one or more animal species such as the  basilisks , the  Chimera  and  griffins . Then, there are also part human combinations such as the very popular  centaurs  and  mermaids . Now, these mythical creatures seem as they have all the capabilities of being formidable beings especially when having, perhaps even mastering the command of all the strongest features of each of it's mixed species. On the other hand, some of the combinations you will read about will make you wonder how such creatures could even sustain themselves, let alone survive. This category is comprised of very well known, strong and mighty creatures. It also includes unsavoury beasts with all the necessary features and powers required to create the most horrifying and terrible nightmares possible.  I mean, think of just simply crossing paths with a skinless mouse (or a skinless anything) never mind a huge headed man-horse like the  Nuckelavee  stretching his long arms about trying to grab at you - very creepy. THE A-Z LIST Adaro  - Evil mermen sea spirits Adlet  - Human and dog cross with red fur Ahuizotl  - Dog and monkey cross with five hands Alkonost  - A bird with the head of a beautiful woman Ammit - Female demon that is part lion, hippopotamus & crocodile Anubis  - Tall human male with the head of a jackal Basilisk  - Head and claws of a rooster with a reptile's body and tail Bastet - Female human with the head of a domesticated cat Catoblepas  - Large boar's head, small pig's body with wings Centaur  - Human horse hybrids, top half human with body of a horse Cerberus  - Three headed canine with a mane of serpents Chimera  - Head and body of a lioness, head of a goat, serpent's tail Cockatrice  - Head, claws and wings of a rooster, reptile's body and tail Echidna  - Upper half of a beautiful woman, lower body of a serpent Formorians  - Large, deformed bodies made up of animal parts Gargoyles - Grotesque stone statues Goatman  - A half goat, half man creature Gorgons  - Woman's upper half, snakes for hair and a serpents body Griffin  - Head, claws and wings of an eagle, body and tail of a lion Harpies  - Top half of a witch, claws and wings of a vulture Hippocampi  - Horses with a serpentine lower half Hippogriff  - Head, wings and claws of an eagle - body of a horse Khnum - Strong human male with the head of a ram Lamia  - Woman’s head, scaly body, four legs and a tail Leucrocuta  - Horse's head and legs, neck and body of a lion Lusca - Large octopus/shark hybrid Manticore  - Lion's body, human head, poisonous scorpion-like tail Merlion  - Head of a lion, body of a large fish Mermaids  - Beautiful women with a fish-like lower body Minotaur  - Body of a human male with the head and tail of a bull Nuckelavee  - Skinless monster, resembles popular hybrid - the Centaur Onocentaur  - Top half human & lower half donkey Orthus  - Two headed dog with a serpent's tail Perytons  - Head of a deer with wings of an eagle Piasa  - Face of a man, antlers, wings and four legs Satyr - Human upper body with goat-like legs & tail Scylla and Charybdis - Six headed monster and a deadly whirlpool Scorpion Men - Powerful half man and half scorpion mythical creatures Sekhmet  - Lion head with a large human-like female body Serpopard  - Falcon headed leopard with wings Sirens  - Head and body of a woman, legs and wings of a bird Sphinx  - Head of a woman, body of a lion with wings and a snake's tail Typhon  - Enormous multi-headed monster with wings, serpent's body Weretiger  - Half human and half tiger Werewolves  - Large wolf-like body, long fangs, glowing eyes


Who became the first British Formula 1 champion in 1958?

Mike Hawthorn - 1958 Mike Hawthorn Share Mike Hawthorn loved life, drove fast and died young. Big, blond and boisterous, he often raced wearing a broad grin and a bow tie. He regarded motorsport as a quick way to further the fun he constantly pursued. When his pastime became a profession he partied as hard as he drove, though his career was also tinged by tragedy, scandal and personal misfortune. Near the end he found Formula One racing no fun at all, but he went out a winner. Other champions were greater drivers but none was a more colourful personality. Had he been born a decade earlier John Michael Hawthorn might have been a heroic Spitfire pilot in the Battle of Britain. Instead, the circumstances in his formative years led him into motorsport and he became Britain's first world driving champion. Two year's after Mike's birth on April 10, 1929, his racing enthusiast father Leslie bought a garage near the Brooklands circuit in Farnham, Surrey, where he had raced motorcycles prior to World War II. Inspired by the proximity of Brooklands, and by the atmosphere in the Hawthorn garage where cars and motorcycles were prepared for competition, Mike was only nine years old when he decided he wanted to become a racer.  Next Previous 1 / 7 Silverstone, July 1953: Fresh from his maiden Formula One win in France, Mike Hawthorn chats with Ferrari team manager Nello Ugolini ahead of the British Grand Prix. © Sutton Images Silverstone, July 1953: Hawthorne lines up on the grid for the British Grand Prix after qualifying third. Pole sitter Alberto Ascari (Ferrari) is on the far side, then Jose Froilan Gonzalez (Maserati), Hawthorn (Ferrari) and Juan Manuel Fangio (Maserati). © Sutton Images Silverstone, July 1953: Hawthorn (nearest) in the cockpit of the Ferrari 500 ahead of the Formula Libre Trophy race that followed the British Grand Prix. Also pictured are, far side, Juan Manuel Fangio (BRM), then Guiseppe Farina (Thin Wall Special) and Ken Wharton (BRM). © Sutton Images Goodwood, September 1953: The start of the non-championship Formula One Woodcote Cup race. On pole, far side, is Juan Manuel Fangio (BRM), then Hawthorn (Ferrari), Roy Salvadori (Connaught) and Ken Wharton (BRM). © Sutton Images Crystal Palace, July 1955: Race winner Mike Hawthorn leads in his Maserati 250F during the non-championship London Trophy Formula One event. Following him around South Tower Bend are Horace Gould (Maserati 250F) and Harry Schell (Vanwall VW2). © Sutton Images Nurburgring, Germany. 2-4 August 1957. Mike Hawthorn (Lancia-Ferrari D50 801) 2nd position. World Copyright - LAT Photographic 1953 Grand Prix de Rouen. Rouen-les-Essarts, France. 28 June 1953. Giuseppe Farina and Mike Hawthorn (both Ferrari 500). They finished in 1st and 2nd position respectively, portrait. World Copyright: LAT Photographic His education, at a prominent Public School followed by studies at Chelsea technical college and an apprenticeship with a commercial vehicle manufacturer, was intended to prepare him for a career at the Farnham garage. Meanwhile, his father also encouraged Mike's interest in motorsport, providing him with motorcycles, then cars for local competitions. Mike also sped around the countryside as the ringleader of a group of hell-raising friends searching for girls and pints of beer in pubs. In 1950 he began winning races in a small Riley sportscar bought for him by his father. Three years later the 'Farnham Flyer' was driving a Formula One car for Enzo Ferrari. Mike's meteoric rise from club racer to Grand Prix driver took place within on one momentous afternoon at the 1952 Easter Meeting at the Goodwood circuit. It was his first competition in a single seater, a Formula Two Cooper-Bristol provided for him by a family friend, and the opposition included the famous Argentine drivers Juan Manuel Fangio and Froilan Gonzalez. Mike won the F2 race from pole position, then also finished first in the Formula Libre race and was a sensational second in the main event, for Formula One cars.  Impressive results aside, the Farnham Flyer was a commanding figure i


Which Which Jane Austin novel was initially titled First Impressions?

Pride and Prejudice | novel by Austen | Britannica.com Pride and Prejudice The Picture of Dorian Gray Pride and Prejudice, novel by Jane Austen , published anonymously in three volumes in 1813. The narrative, which Austen initially titled “First Impressions,” describes the clash between Elizabeth Bennet, the daughter of a country gentleman, and Fitzwilliam Darcy , a rich and aristocratic landowner. Although Austen shows them intrigued by each other, she reverses the convention of first impressions: “pride” of rank and fortune and “ prejudice ” against Elizabeth’s inferiority of family hold Darcy aloof, while Elizabeth is equally fired both by the pride of self-respect and by prejudice against Darcy’s snobbery. Ultimately, they come together in love and self-understanding. Learn More in these related articles: Jane Austen December 16, 1775 Steventon, Hampshire, England July 18, 1817 Winchester, Hampshire English writer who first gave the novel its distinctly modern character through her treatment of ordinary people in everyday life. She published four novels during her lifetime: Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride... in Jane Austen: Life ...was begun about 1795 as a novel-in-letters called “Elinor and Marianne,” after its heroines. Between October 1796 and August 1797 Austen completed the first version of Pride and Prejudice, then called “First Impressions.” In 1797 her father wrote to offer it to a London publisher for publication, but the offer was declined. Northanger Abbey,... More about Pride and Prejudice 5 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References Pride and Prejudice - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) A novel by Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice was published anonymously in three volumes in 1813. The narrative, which Austen initially titled First Impressions, describes the clash between Elizabeth Bennet, the daughter of a country gentleman, and Fitzwilliam Darcy, a rich and aristocratic landowner. Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Article Title: Pride and Prejudice Website Name: Encyclopædia Britannica Date Published: July 15, 2014 URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pride-and-Prejudice Access Date: January 20, 2017 Share


Which is the most senior United Kingdom Royal Palace?

St James Palace by C Fitzgerald - Louis J Doherty You are here: Home » Shop » Fine Art » Paintings and Prints » St James Palace by C Fitzgerald St James Palace by C Fitzgerald €200.00 Description Product Description A mezzotint of St. James Palace, (the official residence of the sovereign and the most senior royal palace in the United Kingdom) by the English artist C. Fitzgerald. Signed in pencil and in good condition. Circa 1890-1900.


What was the name of country music`s first superstar who died at the age of 29 from drink and drug abuse?

Top 13 country songs about whiskey | City Pages Top 13 country songs about whiskey Thursday, March 21, 2013           by Nikki Miller-Rose     in Music 0 Today's a big day in whiskey history. As legend tells it, it was on this day in 1983 that Merle Haggard set a new world record for purchasing the largest round of whiskey, after buying 5,095 shots of Canadian Club at Billy Bob's Texas in Fort Worth at an appearance to promote his "C.C. Waterback" duet with George Jones. The whole round totaled 40 gallons of whiskey, and clocked up a bill of $12,737.50. Have a headache yet? Read on, to discover 13 finely distilled country classics about brown liquor -- so far as your bloodshot eyes and double vision will allow you to do so. [jump] 13. "Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound" - Hank Williams, Jr. (1979) We liked Hank Jr., the boozer, much more than Hank Jr., the "homegrown" "politico" he is today. Someone buy this man a round. And then a few more. Drink of choice: Jim Beam 12. "The King Is Gone (So Are You)" - George Jones (1989) This song was written by Roger Ferris, but it perfectly embodies the insane, riding-lawnmower-ridin', duck-talkin' genius of George Jones. Drink of choice: Jim Beam (poured from an Elvis decanter, drunk from a Flintstone jellybean jar) 11. "Tennessee Whiskey" - George Jones with David Allan Coe (1983) Performed here at at the first Farm Aid in 1985, this song was first released by David Allan Coe in 1981, and became a bigger hit for Jones two years later. Drink of choice: Jack Daniel's or George Dickel, if you please. 10. "Cigarettes, Whiskey and Wild Wild Women" - Ramblin' Jack Elliott If it's not bright lights, thick smoke and loud, loud music, it's likely to be this other thing. Drink of choice: So long as it's drunk with a cigarette dangling from your lip and a woman on your arm, we reckon it's not likely to matter. 9. "Jack Daniels, If You Please" - David Allan Coe (1979) Coe's got cigarettes and whiskey, and a wild woman who's done him wrong. Drink of choice: Not George Dickel. 8. "Whiskey, If You Were a Woman" - Highway 101 (1987) Don't let Paulette Carlson's pottery class instructor looks fool you; this band knew how to play a sad song. Drink of choice: The kind that's more addictive than wild, wild women. 7. "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'" - Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart (1991) In their 1991 hit duet, Tritt and Stuart seek redemption from whiskey in a woman. Now this is just confusing. Drink of choice: Over it. 6. "Faster Horses (The Cowboy and the Poet)" - Tom T. Hall (1975) As is the wont of a Tom T. Hall song, there's a story and a lesson to be learned here - the secret to life is faster horses, younger women, older whiskey, and more money. Drink of choice: The older the better. 5. "Rye Whiskey/Time to Switch to Whiskey" - Corb Lund (2009) Whisky? Whiskey? Who knows. This is starting to not look like a real word. Whiskie? Whissskeey? Drink of choice: Tullamore Dew, the great equalizer. 4. "Whiskey Trip" - Gary Stewart (1978) A totally underrated honky-tonk singer in his time, when Stewart sang sad drinkin' songs, he knew his stuff. He battled alcoholism and drug abuse for years, his son committed suicide in the 1980s, his wife died of pneumonia in 2003, and just a few weeks later, Stewart took his own life. Drink of choice: :( 3. "Letter That Johnny Walker Read" - Asleep at the Wheel (1975) It's hard to believe Asleep at the Wheel's biggest hit - this one - only charted at Number 10. They're so much fun! And like so much of their output, this hokey song sounds like it stepped straight out of early country radio. Drink of choice: It's a pun! Get it? 2. "Whiskey River" - Willie Nelson (1973) NSFW, NSFW, NSFW, THIS VIDEO IS NSFW. Yep. Willie Nelson Family Picnics were a place your mom went to go topless. And to hang out with Dom DeLuise lookalikes. Who knew? Drink of choice: Anything you can drown in. 1. "C. C. Waterback" - Merle Haggard and George Jones (1983) And finally, the song that inspired it all. You can still drink at Billy Bob's in Ft. Worth - in fact, Willie's holding his 4th


What brand of beer does Homer Simpson drink?

'The Simpsons' to Brew Actual, Officially Licensed Duff Beer - Rolling Stone 'The Simpsons' to Brew Actual, Officially Licensed Duff Beer Matt Taibbi's New Book: 'Insane Clown President' 'The Simpsons' to Brew Actual, Officially Licensed Duff Beer To thwart copycat brewers, 21st Century Fox bringing "a premium lager" inspired by series to Chile and potentially everywhere An unauthorized batch of Duff Beer in Mexico, 2009. Due to an outbreak of bootlegged Duff, 21st Century Fox has teamed up with a brewmaster to craft a real version of the fictional beer. Credit: AFP All Stories Duff Beer, Homer Simpson's beverage of choice on The Simpsons , might soon be heading to real life coolers. The long-running show's media company, 21st Century Fox, has given the yellow thumbs up to brew an actual, officially licensed Duff Beer. However, as of now, the drink will only be available in Chile, the Wall Street Journal reports , though a worldwide release is being considered. More News 150 Best 'Simpsons' Episodes of All Time From monorails to Mr. Plow, our favorite fraction of the show's legendary 552-episode run Although Homer has been sipping on Duff for over a quarter-century, 21st Century Fox only decided to go into the beer business after countless Duff counterfeits popped up throughout Europe, South America and Mexico. While the company's lawyers have been successful in swatting down brewers hoping to capitalize on The Simpsons' worldwide recognition, because Duff doesn't actually exist in real life, 21st Century Fox have had trouble protecting the fictional beer's copyright in some countries, like Chile. In that South American country, plenty of bootlegged Duff crept into the marketplace, and although 21st Century Fox filed an intellectual property complaint against those brewers, resulting in thousands of seized bottles, the demand for more Duff resulted in other bootleggers popping up in Colombia and Mexico. Rather than continue battling the copycats, 21st Century Fox instead decided to brew their own officially licensed product. In 1996, an Australian company attempted to legally license the Duff brand but was rebuffed because a Simpsons-branded beer was viewed as "detrimental to children." The outbreak of bootlegged Duff, however, has changed the company's opinion on the matter. "Once you see enough piracy, you are faced with two choices," Jeffrey Godsick, president of 21st Century Fox's consumer products division, told the Wall Street Journal. "One is deciding to fight it, and the other is deciding to go out [into the market] with it." Unfortunately for American Simpsons fans, the only place to drink a Duff currently is at the show's themed areas at Universal Studios parks in Orlando and Los Angeles. However, given The Simpsons' success, "I think there's potential to have Duff everywhere in the world," Godsick said, adding that the beer would be packaged without any mention of The Simpsons or a Homer Simpson endorsement. Sadly, that likely means Duff Man  won't accompany the product into the real world. On numerous occasions on The Simpsons, the series has joked about the questionable quality of the fictional Duff. In reality, however, British brewmaster Paul Farnsworth created a recipe for Duff that will make the beverage a "premium lager" with a "caramel aromatic." In 2012, Guns N' Roses' Duff McKagan revealed that his name was the inspiration behind The Simpsons' beer. Producers even sought McKagan's permission before using the name, and the bassist allowed it without asking for anything in return. "I knew nothing about branding yourself then or the royalties off it," McKagan told The Independent . "I just thought cool, they wanna use my name and boom, The Simpsons was born. Yeah, if I had a nickel for every time… but it's fine.”


What popular drink was originally called `Brad`s Drink`?

The History of Pepsi Cola The History of Pepsi Cola The History of Pepsi Cola A six-pack of Pepsi, 1960s.  Tom Kelley Archive / Getty Images By Mary Bellis "Brad's Drink": Pepsi's Humble Origins Caleb Bradham of New Bern, North Carolina was a pharmacist. Like many pharmacists at the turn of the century he had a soda fountain in his drugstore, where he served his customers refreshing drinks that he created himself. His most popular beverage was something he called "Brad's drink," a mix of sugar, water, caramel, lemon oil, kola nuts, nutmeg, and other additives. It became an overnight sensation. (Although some reports claim the original drink contained pepsin—which would go a long way to explaining the drinks’ subsequent name change — the use of the digestive enzyme is now regarded as the stuff of pure legend.)  "Brad's drink", created in the summer of 1893, was later renamed in 1898 after he bought the trade name "Pep Cola" for $100 from a competitor from Newark, New Jersey that had gone broke. The new name was trademarked on June 16th, 1903. Bradham's neighbor, an artist, designed the first Pepsi logo, and ninety-seven shares of stock for Bradham's new company were issued. continue reading below our video How to Write a Business Plan Bankruptcy and Revival After seventeen years of success, Caleb Bradham lost Pepsi Cola. He had gambled on the fluctuations of sugar prices during World War I, believing that sugar prices would continue to rise -- but they fell instead, leaving Caleb Bradham with an overpriced sugar inventory. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923. In 1931, Pepsi Cola was bought by the Loft Candy Company Loft president, Charles G. Guth, who reformulated the popular soft drink, tinkering with the recipe. Guth struggled to make a success of Pepsi and even offered to sell Pepsi to the Coca-Cola company , who refused to offer a bid. The company soldiered on, increasing sales steadily by selling its 12-ounce bottles for nickel—a penny less than most of its competitors. Expansion continued in the 30’s with the company setting up bottling franchises across the country.  In 1964 the company unveiled “Diet Pepsi” and acquired Mountain Dew, a citrus flavored soft drink. One year later, the company merged with Frito Lay company, becoming PepsiCo. Throughout the next few decades, the drink continued to flourish, expanding its presence around the globe and battling soda industry leader Coca Cola for market share with aggressive marketing campaigns and promotion, including its famous “Pepsi Generation” and "Pepsi Challenge" ad campaigns. In 2015, the company announced it would discontinue using aspartame as the sweetener in Diet Pepsi, and replaced it with sucralose, another artificial sweetener. The move was pitched as addressing customer concerns about the health risks of aspartame.


The Absinthe Drinker, 1901 - Pablo Picasso - WikiArt.org The Absinthe Drinker it is a historically significant artwork the image is only being used for informational and educational purposes the image is readily available on the internet the image is a low resolution copy of the original artwork and is unsuitable for commercial use More … WikiArt.org allows unlimited copying, distributing and displaying of the images of public domain artworks solely. We use here Copyright term based on authors' deaths according to U.S. Copyright Law, that is 70 years. In other countries, the duration of copyright term may differ. Please check here copyright length according to your country's legislation before you consider reproducing images borrowed from Wikipaintings.org Artworks protected by copyright are supposed to be used only for contemplation. Images of that type of artworks are prohibited for copying, printing, or any kind of reproducing and communicating to public since these activities may be considered copyright infringement. Pablo Picasso


How to make Hot Molasses - Eating Rules A guest post by Kristine Duncan on October 25, 2013 in How to Make… ; Smoothies & Beverages 28 Kristine Duncan, MS, RD, CDE is a vegetarian dietitian, freelance writer, community college instructor, dog lady, cat lady, and nutrition blogger at VegGirlRD . She lives in Washington State but dreams of moving to Italy someday and getting paid to eat pasta and cheese for a living. Until then you can find her on Twitter and Facebook . Warm, rich, sweet brown liquid. That’s how most of us like to start the day, whether we brew up a cup at home or cruise through our favorite drive thru. I know the main motivator to this ritual is caffeine, but I’d like you to consider for a moment another way to quench your morning thirst that looks and feels a lot like a latte but boasts a bit more nutrition. I give you: the Hot Molasses. A favorite coffee cart in Bellingham, Washington, which has since closed up shop, first turned me on to the idea of melting molasses into hot milk. The result is divine. I think it tastes like hot buttered rum, kind of roasty and caramelly (which makes a little bit of sense because molasses is actually used to make rum) and it’s definitely more healthful than traditional syrups or sauces used to flavor coffee and espresso drinks. Molasses is a byproduct of sugar production, made from crushing sugar cane and cooking down the sweet liquid that’s extracted. It usually goes through three rounds of cooking, with crystalized sugar removed at each step, leaving the dark brown syrup referred to as blackstrap. The consistency is almost identical to that famous chocolate syrup in the brown squeeze bottle, but nutrition sets it apart: it’s surprisingly high in calcium, iron and potassium, especially for a sweetener. That’s actually one of the problems with our favorite sweet things like table sugar or honey…teaspoon for teaspoon, they don’t offer up many nutrients besides carbohydrate. When you’re shopping, be sure to get blackstrap as other types of molasses don’t have the same vitamin and mineral content as this lovely liquid. When I go on and on about the nutritional powerhouse that is blackstrap molasses, folks usually ask me how the heck to use it. When we think of molasses in the kitchen, the occasional ginger snap cookie or pot of baked beans come to mind, but I’ve got a quick recipe that will help you make this a daily pantry staple. My recipe for Hot Molasses makes 2 cups, which is a breakfast in itself. But, you can easily make the whole recipe, enjoy half and put the rest in the fridge for a quick reheat on day 2. I find it equally delicious over ice. 5 from 3 votes


Which famous author once said `Work is the curse of the drinking class`?

Beer quotations and humor Beer Quotations and Humor. Fill with mingled cream and amber, I will drain that glass again. Such hilarious visions clamber Through the chamber of my brain. Quaintest thoughts, queerest fancies Come to life and fade away. What care I how time advances: I am drinking ale today. - Edgar Allen Poe   ï¿½You can only drink 30 or 40 glasses of beer a day, no matter how rich you are.ï¿½ - Adolphus Busch ï¿½Drink triple, see double, and act singleï¿½ ï¿½ Anonymous Similar to ONE BEER, TWO BEER, THREE BEER, FLOOR ï¿½Getting stoned just makes you want to eat and get fat. At least drinking too much makes you vomit which makes you thinï¿½.  Earl J. Hickey ï¿½And smoking weed kills your brain cells, not like getting drunk which only hurts the liver, and you got two of themï¿½.  Earl J. Hickey ï¿½Prohibition makes you want to cry into your beer and denies you the beer to cry into.ï¿½ - Don Marquis "In my opinion, most of the great men of the past were only there for the beerï¿½the wealth, prestige and grandeur that went with the power." - A.J.P. Taylor, British historian, 1984 ï¿½Whiskey and Beer are a manï¿½s worst enemiesï¿½but the man that runs away from his enemies is a coward!ï¿½ - Zeca Palomino (Brazilian song writer) ï¿½Buy a man a beer, and he wastes an hour.  Teach a man to brew, and he wastes a lifetime.ï¿½ - Charles Papazian "Beer he drank - seven goblets. His spirit was loosened. He became hilarious. His heart was glad and his face shown." - from the Epic of Gilgamesh, 3000 B.C. ï¿½If you resolve to give up smoking and drinking, you donï¿½t actually live longer; it just seems longer.ï¿½ - Clement Freud. ï¿½Thereï¿½s nothing like good food, good beer, and a bad girl.ï¿½ - Harvey Allen ï¿½And God said, ï¿½Let there be beer!ï¿½  And He saw that is was good.  Then God said, ï¿½Let there be light!ï¿½  And then He said, ï¿½Whoa-too much lightï¿½.ï¿½ - Frank Varano ï¿½Beer may not solve your problems, but neither will water or milkï¿½ - Wiley ï¿½The church is near, but the road is icy.  The bar is far, but we will walk carefullyï¿½ - Russian Proverb.  ï¿½On some days, my head is filled with such wild and original thoughts that I can barely utter a word.  On other days, the brewery is close.ï¿½ - Frank Varano ï¿½Milk is for babies.  When you grow up you have to drink beer.ï¿½ - Arnold Schwarzenegger ï¿½Donï¿½t bother trying to join the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms.  It turns out they are apparently against all three.ï¿½ - Wiley ï¿½Women and drink.  Too much of either can drive you to the otherï¿½ - Michael Still "A fine beer may be judged with only one sip, but it's better to be thoroughly sure." ï¿½Fermentation may have been a greater discovery than fireï¿½ - David Wallace   ï¿½Who does not love beer, wine, women, and song remains a fool his whole life.ï¿½ - Carl Worner ï¿½Men can go wrong with wine and women. Shall we then prohibit and abolish women?ï¿½ "A little bit of beer is divine medicine." ï¿½Paracelsus, Greek physician ï¿½Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happyï¿½ - Benjamin Franklin ï¿½An intelligent man is sometimes forced to be drunk to spend time with fools.ï¿½ - Ernest Hemingway "It was a natural as eating and to me as necessary, and I would not have thought of eating a meal without drinking  beer"- Ernest Hemingway "The worst thing about some men is that when they are not drunk they are sober." - Yeats ï¿½You canï¿½t drink all day if you donï¿½t start in the morning.ï¿½ On label of Founder's Breakfast Stout ï¿½The human intellect owes its superiority over that of the lower animals in great measure to the stimulus which alcohol has given imagination.ï¿½-Samuel Butler ï¿½When I drink, I think; and when I think, I drink.ï¿½ ï¿½Francois Rabelais "Fermentation may have been a greater discovery than fire" -David Rains Wallace  " Beer is a wholesome liquorï¿½..it abounds with nourishment" ï¿½Dr. Benjamin Rush ï¿½There is no strong beer, just weak menï¿½ - Dan Castellaneta. "I fear the man who drinks water and so remembers this morn


RAF College Cranwell is located in which county

RAF College Cranwell - Local Area Information RAF College Cranwell Local Area Information Local Area Information RAF College Cranwell is situated in the North Kesteven District Council area in the heart of rural Lincolnshire, 5 miles from Sleaford and 14 miles from the City of Lincoln, surrounded by bustling market towns, picturesque villages and landscapes steeped in aviation history. Lincolnshire is currently home to several operational RAF airfields and was a key location during WWII for bomber stations. Museums, memorials, former airfields, heritage and visitor centres bear witness to the bravery of the men and women of this time. The ancient City of Lincoln dates back at least to Roman times and boasts a spectacular Cathedral and Castle area, whilst Sleaford is the home to the National Centre for Craft & Design. Please click on the Logo to access website


What would you be training for if you attended White Lodge, Richmond Park

The Royal Ballet School | Setting the standard Contact Setting the standard Our mission is to nurture, train and educate exceptional young dancers for the Royal Ballet companies and other leading UK and international companies and to inspire the future of classical ballet training. Support us The Royal Ballet School is a charity and as such relies on the generosity of individuals, companies, trusts and foundations to continue to be able to provide world class training and opportunities for students.


Who did John Wilkes Booth assassinate in April 1865?

Booth's Reason for Assassination | Teachinghistory.org Booth's Reason for Assassination Why did John Wilkes Booth assassinate Abraham Lincoln? What kind of gun did he use? Answer  On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth became the first person to assassinate an American president when he shot and killed Abraham Lincoln in his box at Ford’s Theater in Washington. Using a .44 caliber derringer pistol—a small, easily concealed handgun—Booth fired a single shot (timed so that that the audience’s laughter would mask the report) into Lincoln’s brain at point-blank range before jumping to the stage and escaping into the night. After a two-week manhunt, Federal troops cornered Booth in a barn in Maryland, where a Union soldier shot him in the neck. Booth died two hours later. A member of a famous acting family (many considered Booth’s father, Junius Brutus Booth, the finest Shakespearean actor of his generation, and Booth’s older brother, Edwin is commonly named among the greatest American actors of all time), John Wilkes Booth enjoyed a phenomenally successful stage career during the Civil War: by 1864, he earned $20,000 a year, at a time when the average Northern family earned around $300 annually. A Marylander by birth, Booth was an open Confederate sympathizer during the war. A supporter of slavery, Booth believed that Lincoln was determined to overthrow the Constitution and to destroy his beloved South. After Lincoln’s reelection in November 1864, Booth devised a plan to kidnap the president and spirit him to Richmond, where he could be ransomed for some of the Confederate prisoners languishing in northern jails. Booth enlisted a group of friends from Washington to aid him in his attempt. That winter, Booth and his conspirators plotted a pair of elaborate plans to kidnap the president; the first involved capturing Lincoln in his box at Ford’s Theater and lowering the president to the stage with ropes. Booth ultimately gave up acting to focus on these schemes, and spent more than $10,000 to buy supplies to outfit his band of kidnappers. Neither of the kidnapping plans bore fruit—the second, a ploy on March 17 to capture Lincoln as he traveled in his carriage collapsed when the president changed his itinerary—and several of Booth’s conspirators ultimately left the group. Now, by God, I’ll put him through. That is the last speech he will ever make On the evening of April 11, the president stood on the White House balcony and delivered a speech to a small group gathered on the lawn. Two days earlier, Robert E. Lee had surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, and after four long years of struggle it had become clear that the Union cause would emerge from the war victorious. Lincoln’s speech that evening outlined some of his ideas about reconstructing the nation and bringing the defeated Confederate states back into the Union. Lincoln also indicated a wish to extend the franchise to some African-Americans—at the very least, those who had fought in the Union ranks during the war—and expressed a desire that the southern states would extend the vote to literate blacks, as well. Booth stood in the audience for the speech, and this notion seems to have amplified his rage at Lincoln. “That means nigger citizenship,” he told Lewis Powell, one of his band of conspirators. “Now, by God, I’ll put him through. That is the last speech he will ever make.” Three days later Booth made good on his promise. Upon learning that Lincoln and his wife intended to see the play Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theater with commanding general Ulysses S. Grant, Booth used his actor’s connections there to gain access to the president’s box. Finally rejecting the notion of kidnapping, Booth now planned to assassinate the president along with top officials his administration: besides Lincoln and General Grant, Secretary of State William Seward and Vice President Andrew Johnson were to be killed the same night by other members of Booth’s gang. Booth appears to have plotted the murders in the belief that the simultaneous assassination


Origin of the Teddy Bear Origin of the Teddy Bear Teddy Bear sculpture by Urs Fischer in New York City Source: AP Photo/Charles Sykes In November 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt and some of his friends   went on a hunting trip to Mississippi. After hours of searching, Roosevelt   and his group had not come across any wild animals. Finally, the group did   track down and surrounded a helpless bear. One of the guides asked the   president to shoot the bear so he could win a hunting trophy. The   president refused, and news reporters throughout the country spread the   story of Roosevelt's kind act. Not long after this took place, a famous cartoonist named Clifford   Berryman drew a cartoon based on Roosevelt 's rescue of the bear. When a   store owner in Brooklyn saw the cartoon, he decided to make toy bears to   sell in his shop. He asked president Roosevelt for permission to use the   name “"Teddy's Bear"” for his toys, as a reminder of the bear   Roosevelt had set free. Nowadays, everyone knows these toys as Teddy   Bears, but few people know that they were named after President Theodore “"Teddy"” Roosevelt. November 14 has been designated American Teddy Bear Day. Source: The U.S. Navy


Why did Noah release a raven? Why did he later release a dove (Genesis 8)? Why did Noah release a raven? Why did he later release a dove (Genesis 8)?   Subscribe to our Question of the Week : Question: "Why did Noah release a raven? Why did he later release a dove (Genesis 8)?" Answer: Following the Genesis flood, as the ark was resting on Mount Ararat, Noah released a raven and dove from the ark at different times. The goal in sending these birds was to determine if the flood waters had abated enough for Noah and his family to exit the ark. In Genesis 8:6-7 we read, “At the end of forty days Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made and sent forth a raven. It went to and fro until the waters were dried up from the earth.” The “40 days” here is after the tops of the mountains were visible (verse 5), over seven months after the flood began. A raven was released and apparently never returned. No reason is provided regarding why a raven was selected rather than another bird. However, raven can eat carrion and would feed off dead animals in the water. A dove, on the other hand, would return to its point of origin if no land was found. Noah sent a dove in Genesis 8:8-9: “Then he sent forth a dove from him, to see if the waters had subsided from the face of the ground. But the dove found no place to set her foot, and she returned to him to the ark, for the waters were still on the face of the whole earth. So he put out his hand and took her and brought her into the ark with him.” The dove returned with no indication that a place had been found to alight. A week later, in Genesis 8:10-11, Noah sent the dove again: “He waited another seven days, and again he sent forth the dove out of the ark. And the dove came back to him in the evening, and behold, in her mouth was a freshly plucked olive leaf. So Noah knew that the waters had subsided from the earth.” Things had begun to grow once again; the earth was becoming more habitable. Another week passed. Then, in Genesis 8:12, Noah sends out the dove one more time: “Then he waited another seven days and sent forth the dove, and she did not return to him anymore.” The dove had no need to return to the ark, since it had found a home on land. The ark could soon be emptied, and humanity could begin to establish itself again in the world. From Genesis 7:11 to 8:14, we know that the flood lasted a total of one year and ten days. The raven and the dove were released over a period of 21 days after the mountaintops became visible (Genesis 8:10-12). The raven served as a first attempt to discover dry land, and the dove became Noah’s way of determining when to leave the ark.


Who or what might suffer from wind-sucking and crib-biting?

horse psychology, wind sucking, crib biting, weaving Horses,             like people, have different characters (temperaments)  Leader             horses are more difficult to manage The leader horse is the bossy one in the group Nervous horses don't suit nervous riders A nervous horse             will often turn out kind with right rider Older horses don't always have good temperaments Horses often misbehave with nervous riders so buy one with kind temperament It's important rider is Number One in pecking order If you can't manage             your horse, ask for help HORSEPOWER WITH MARTIN CLUNES - The series that we all loved. Can only admire Martin Clunes's warmth, humour and feeling           for horses as he travels around the world. If you didn't see all the TV series or just want to revisit it, you'll adore           this DVD.   Weaving, crib biting and wind sucking These three serious vices are counted as an unsoundness and have to be disclosed     at a sale. There are many feed supplements and gadgets on the market which claim to help but unfortunately most serious cases     are extremely hard, if not impossible, to cure. In many cases, the most you can hope for is to reduce the stress causing these     'nervous' problems. Weaving A horse is said to be a ‘weaver' when it continuously rocks from side to     side on its forelegs and sways its head. The horse will usually do this with its head over a stable door. The constant effort     causes the horse to lose weight and it can also damage the legs. Weaving is usually caused by boredom or nervousness. Highly     strung horses which are stabled for long hours often become weavers. Some believe that it can also be copied by     young horses which see older horses weaving but I have never seen this happen. Weaving horses are like a human with a nervous ‘tic'. If your horse turns out to be a weaver, you can try the following: If the horse is bored, leave it out in the field     for longer periods. A horse doesn't normally weave at grass. Fit     an anti-weaving grille to the top of the stable door so that the horse cannot swing his head. Unfortunately this will not     stop a bad weaver which will continue to weave behind the grille. Highly strung horses can improve with more work. An over-fed, underworked horse will be full of pent up energy and     this makes a weaver worse. Keep weaving horses stabled away     from other horses to stop youngsters imitating them. Some     supplements to the horse's diet can help to relax the animal, such as herbal and liquid calmers. It is worth trying these     if your horse is a bad weaver. Crib biting and wind sucking A crib biting or wind sucking horse is deemed to be unsound. Crib biters hold onto objects, such as a stable door     or a manger, with their teeth and swallow air. Wind suckers arch their necks and swallow air. Both make a loud, obvious noise.     These vices can stop the horse putting on weight and can also upset the digestion and cause colic. Try the following which     might help: If the horse is locked up in the stable for hours, try leaving it out on grass for longer periods as the problem     may be caused by boredom. If you have no land to turn out     the horse, give it something to ‘play' with in the stable to keep its mind occupied, such as a Jollyball. Feed plenty of bulk fibre. A hay net with a fine mesh is a good idea as it will     make the horse take longer to eat its hay. Some horses respond     to a special wide strap fastened tightly around the neck which helps prevent them from sucking in air. Keep a wind sucker or crib biter away from other horses as young horses may try     to copy them. Ask your vet for advice if the habit is severe     as there is now surgery available which might help. Use this Search Box to find any product What's in your horse's mind? Understanding horse psychology helps training Horses are


Familiarity breeds contempt - and children. - Mark Twain - BrainyQuote Find on Amazon: Mark Twain Cite this Page: Citation


Out, damned spot - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes Out, damned spot What is it she does now? Look how she rubs her hands. Gentlewoman: It is an accustom'd action with her, to seem thus washing her hands. I have known her continue in this a quarter of an hour. Hark, she speaks. I will set down what comes from her, to satisfy my remembrance the more strongly. Lady Macbeth: Out, damn'd spot! out, I say!—One; two: why, then 'tis time to do't.—Hell is murky.—Fie, my lord, fie, a soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our pow'r to accompt?—Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him? Read on Owl Eyes This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. Lady Macbeth, as has become her wont, sleepwalks through the royal castle. As her waiting-woman and her doctor listen in, she mutters fragments of an imaginary conversation that recalls the night she and her husband conspired to murder King Duncan [see A SORRY SIGHT ]. The hour is two o'clock; she upbraids her husband for his bad conscience; she insists that there will be nothing to fear once they've grabbed the crown; she marvels at how much blood Duncan had to shed. As Lady Macbeth replays this scene for the eavesdroppers, she not only incriminates herself, but also reveals the pangs of conscience she had ridiculed in her husband. "Out, damn'd spot" is a prime example of "Instant Bard," tailor-made for ironic jokes and marketing schemes. But the "spot" isn't a coffee stain, it's blood. One motif of Macbeth is how tough it is to wash, scrub, or soak out nasty bloodstains. Macbeth had said that even the ocean couldn't wash his hands clean of Duncan's blood; Lady Macbeth, who scorned him then, now finds the blood dyed into her conscience. The king and queen persist in imagining that physical actions can root out psychological demons, but the play is an exposition of how wrong they are.


Chamberlain seemed such a nice old gentleman that I thought I would give him my autograph.

Adolf Hitler Quotes: Chamberlain seemed such a nice old gentleman… | Famous Inspirational Quotes & Sayings Related Authors: Pol Pot - Adolf Hitler - Theodore Kaczynski - Hermann Goering - James Earl Ray - Lee Harvey Oswald - Jesse James - Dennis Kozlowski Al Gonzales is a dedicated public servant and exceptionally qualified to be our nation's next Attorney General. I know that a lot has been said about Judge Gonzales' life story. It is a story of the fulfillment of the American Dream.


It's not true that I had nothing on. I had the radio on!

It's not true I had nothing on, I had the radio on. - Marilyn Monroe - BrainyQuote It's not true I had nothing on, I had the radio on. Find on Amazon: Marilyn Monroe Cite this Page: Citation


On board ship, what is housed in a binnacle?

What Is A Binnacle On Ships? What is a Binnacle On Ships? By KaranC | In: Marine Navigation | Last Updated on May 4, 2016 +11 The nautical compass plays a very vital role in maritime navigation. However, at times it becomes necessary and relevant to safeguard the compass from weather conditions. The navigation instrument that helps serve this purpose is the binnacle. Alongside this aid, binnacles also safeguard the compasses from toppling over due to the constant rolling and pitching of the vessel. History of the Marine Binnacle Binnacles have been in utilisation since the 1700s. Over the years though, several developments to the technology of binnacles have been carried out to suit the developments in the vessels’ building technology. The instrument consists of a round stand upon which a plinth is mounted. Separate divisions constructed, store the compass and other navigational equipments on the plinth of the binnacle. Credits: Hydrargyrum/wikipedia.org A ship binnacle is positioned right before the steersman’s line of vision. The compass and all other navigation equipment is safeguarded within the binnacle, making it easy for the steersman to observe and steer the vessel accordingly. For this purpose, binnacles have always been constructed to come up to the waist of steersmen handling the vessel. A major developmental feature in the construction of binnacles is regarded to be counter-mechanisms to balance the magnetic disruptions caused. Flinders tubing was yet another methodology utilised to counteract the magnetic disruptions. The tubing consists of a couple of rods placed on each side of the instrument. The Flinders tubing are named after noted British adventurer Sir Matthew Flinders, who mapped out the Australian coast. In the mid-19th century, inventor John Gray came up with the idea to place auto-adjusting magnets to balance the magnetic disruptions, caused by the nautical compass. Magnetic balls were invented by Englishman Lord Kelvin in the late-1800s. The basic principle of their adoption was to place two magnetic balls on either side of the marine binnacle. The magnetic disruptions caused would be balanced by these two magnetic spheres. Binnacles have formed a mainstay of maritime operations worldwide. Vessel operators and skippers, across the world, are assured of a safer and surer voyage on account of this simplistic aiding navigation equipment. Other Terminologies While binnacles refer to navigation instrument, the term ‘binnacle lists’ refers to those seafarers who have been relieved from duty on a particular day on account of medical unfitness. Reference:  antiquesofthesea , mollybrownbtl , wisegeek


What is the proper name for the flag flown by the Merchant Navy sometimes known as a Red Duster?

United Kingdom: red ensign This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website United Kingdom: red ensign The Red Ensign For the flying of ensigns, the law is as follows: Subject to subsection (2) below, a British ship, other than a fishing  vessel, shall hoist the red ensign or other proper national colours-- on a signal being made to the ship by one of Her Majesty's ships  (including any ship under the command of a commissioned naval officer); and on entering or leaving any foreign port; and in the case of ships of 50 or more tons gross tonnage, on  entering or leaving any British port. Subsection (1)(c) above does not apply to a small ship (as defined in  section 1(2)) registered under Part II. The 1995 Merchant Shipping Act is not very well drafted as it does  not say anything of Commonwealth ports (in English law "foreign" excludes Commonwealth). The Canadian version is more informative: "The Canadian Shipping Act states that a Canadian ship shall hoist  the flag on a signal being made to her by one of Her Majesty's  Canadian ships, or any ship in the service of and belonging to the  Government of Canada; on entering or leaving any foreign port; and  if of 50 tonnes gross tonnage or upwards, on entering or leaving any  Commonwealth port." Obviously, maritime practice is to fly ensigns more often than this.  How often is up to you. Andrew Yong, 21 August 2003 In its original form the Red Ensign came into use as the Civil Ensign of England c1650 (having been previously adopted by the English Royal Navy in 1625), and received official sanction as such in a Royal Proclamation of 18 September 1674. As far as is known the Scottish merchant marine also flew a red ensign (although charged with the cross of St Andrew), but this came to an end with the Act of Union of 1707, after which the Civil Ensigns of both countries were charged with the Union Flag . In its present form, however, the Red Ensign dates from the change to the Union of 1 January 1801, it was largely given into the care of the merchant service by an Order in Council dated 9 July 1864, and was last regulated by Article 4 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. Christopher Southworth, 3 December 2003 Perrin writing in " British Flags " page 132, 'From that date (1824) the red ensign alone has been the legal national colours of a British merchant vessel.' David Prothero, 5 September 2003 The 1894 Merchant Shipping Act appears to confirm Perrin when it states that: "The Red Ensign usually worn by the merchant ships, without any defacement or modification whatever, is hereby declared to be the proper national colours for all ships or boats belonging to any British Subject". Christopher Southworth, 5 September 2003 The red ensign is in informally, even affectionately, named the "red duster". There does not seem to be any agreement on how the expression arose. My theory is that Red Ensigns were hoisted and left until they were so dirty and tattered that they looked more like dusters than flags, and/or, because on British ships old flags were often used as rags before being thrown away. David Prothero, 13 October 2003 I have not come across any reference to a (or the) "red duster" before about 1880, so I was wondering whether it had anything to do with its use by steam vessels? I have never heard the term used in anything other than in an affectionate way, although thinking of some I've seen at sea over the years 'faded red rag' or 'just recognizable as a flag' would be factually accurate descriptions. Christopher Southworth, 13 October 2003 Concerning British red ensigns both "official" and unofficial, I am impressed that so many unauthorized (illegal) red ensigns were manufactured and apparently put into service. I have started a sort of quasi research project to find out. Why would so many risk the wrath of the empire:) Thus far, and in a nutshell, I have drawn a series of conclusions. First, a large number of unauthorized red ensigns were made by non-British flag manufacturers with a substantial number of those being made


What is the meaning of the nautical term avast?

What Does Avast Mean? Pirate Terms   One of the side effects of the vast popularity of the Pirates of the Caribbean movie franchise is a huge number of Jack Sparrow imitators spouting off phrases like “Belay that," “Yo-Ho, me hearties," and “Avast." So what are they actually saying? Asking them what they mean will probably get you one of those “Are you from another planet?" stares (a common defense when they don’t have an answer). So, you go home and type “the meaning of avast" into your handy dandy web browser and poof you are here: the most authoritative webpage on pirate languages and their evolution on the web (or at least we’d like to think so). In order not to keep you waiting, avast means “stop what you are doing and pay attention." This word was almost always used by someone who was in command as a way to address the people under him. This is a great name choice for a program that is designed to run in the background to stop the spread of viruses. The origin of avast is a bit more complicated. It seems to be a corruption of the sailing term “hold fast." slide 3 of 8 Nautical Language Avast was hardly the only piece of language that was claimed for pirate use. There are several nautical terms and phrases that were fairly commonplace in the 17th and 18th century that were slightly modified by these professional plunderers. I will not be discussing every part of a ship or every command that a captain could give, just the ones that are commonplace in the current volley of pirate movies. Ahoy: This term means the same thing that “avast" does, but anyone could use it. Becalmed: A time when there isn’t enough wind to move a ship with sails alone. A pirate ship in becalmed waters meant disaster for the crew. Becalmed waters prevented pillaging and hindered escape. For these reasons, several pirate ships had both sails and oars. Belay: To secure. This usually meant to tie off the end of a rope, but it has been used in the movies as a way to say “wait" or “hold on a moment." Bilge: This is the lowest part of the ship where any seawater that has entered the ship collects. Current ships employ bilge pumps to remove the water whereas in the 17th and 18th century bilge water was removed by bailing. Bowsprit: The long spire that jutted off from the front of the prow. Bowsprits often had ornate carvings at their bases and served as an anchoring point for the (front sail) lines. Capstan: This is the large horizontal wheel on the deck of large ships that turns the crank to lift the ships anchor. The extreme weight of the anchor meant that several sailors were needed to crank the capstan. Quarterdeck: This deck, often referred to as the poop deck, was the highest deck at the rear of the ship. Captains and navigators often stood on this deck to oversee deck workers. slide 4 of 8 Other Names for Pirates There were several different classifications for pirates depending on where they hailed from, if they worked for a government, or if they ran goods or slaves. The word “pirate" was derived from Greek origins and originally meant “one who plunders on the sea." Buccaneer: This was the name of an early group of sailors that dried meat from hogs and cattle on the island of Hispaniola and distributed it in Europe. It later was applied to any sailor of Spanish heritage. Corsair: A French privateer, or one of the Knights of Malta fighting the Barbary pirates. It was once thought that the name came from the island of Corsica, but it is far more likely that it was derived from the mid-evil Latin “cursus," to plunder. Filibuster: A French term for pirates. Of course, it has another meaning that is well known in politics. A filibuster is a way to stop laws from being enacted, so perhaps the name was given to pirates for the same reason. Freebooter: Although some linguists claim this is a corruption of the Dutch words for loot and sailor it seems that the pirates this term referred to were mercenaries or men for hire. A free man with the skills of pirate – a booter, one who could be removed from the crew without consequence. These men were brawle


loblolly-boy - definition and meaning loblolly-boy Definitions from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia n. Nautical, a ship-surgeon's attendant, who compounds the medicines and assists the surgeon in his duties. In the United States navy called bayman or nurse. Etymologies Sorry, no etymologies found. Examples If a speck of dirt be found on the deck, or a gallipot or phial out of its place, woe betide the loblolly-boy, the assistant-surgeon's assistant, and the constant attendant upon the hospital. The Lieutenant and Commander The day _after_, when I was enjoying my arrest in the dignified idleness of a snooze in a pea-jacket, on one of the lockers, the loblolly-boy came to me, saying that Daunton was much worse, and that he humbly and earnestly requested to see me. Rattlin the Reefer After his mother shook him, members of the nobility with whom he was acquainted used their influence to get him the position of 'loblolly-boy in a ship;' and from that point my watchman threw off all trammels of date and locality and branched out into a narrative that bristled all along with incredible adventures; a narrative that was so reeking with bloodshed and so crammed with hair-breadth escapes and the most engaging and unconscious personal villainies, that I sat speechless, enjoying, shuddering, wondering, worshipping. Life on the Mississippi 'loblolly-boy in a ship;' and from that point my watchman threw off all trammels of date and locality and branched out into a narrative that bristled all along with incredible adventures; a narrative that was so reeking with bloodshed and so crammed with hair-breadth escapes and the most engaging and unconscious personal villainies, that I sat speechless, enjoying, shuddering, wondering, worshipping.