Simmenthal cattle were originally bred in which country?

Breeds of Livestock - Simmental Cattle — Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science Breeds of Livestock - Simmental Cattle Breeds of Livestock - Simmental Cattle Simmental A History   of the Simmental Breed The Simmental is among the oldest and most widely distributed of all breeds  of cattle in the world. Although the first herd book was established in the  Swiss Canton of Berne in 1806, there is evidence of large, productive red and  white cattle found much earlier in ecclesiastical and secular property records  of western Switzerland. These red and white animals were highly sought because  of their "rapid growth development; outstanding production of milk, butter,   and cheese; and for their use as draught animals." they were known for their   imposing stature and excellent dairy qualities. As early as 1785, the Swiss Parliament limited exports because of a shortage   of cattle to meet their own needs. The Swiss "Red and White Spotted Simmental   Cattle Association" was formed in 1890. Since its origin in Switzerland, the breed has spread to all six continents. Total numbers are estimated between 40 and 60 million Simmental cattle world-wide. More than half of these are in Europe. The spread was gradual until the late 1960s. Records show that a few animals were exported to Italy as early as the 1400s. During the 19th century, Simmental were distributed through most of Eastern Europe, the Balkans, and Russia, ultimately reaching South Africa in 1895. Guatemala imported the first Simmental into the Western Hemisphere in 1897, with Brazil following suite in 1918 and Argentina in 1922. There are reports from a variety of sources indicating that Simmental cattle arrived in the United States before the turn of the century. Simmental were reported as early as 1887 in Illinois, according to one source; in 1895 in New Jersey; and in both New York and New Mexico around the 1916 to 1920 period. An ad in an 1896 issue of the Breeder's Gazette, published in Chicago, also made reference to "Simmenthal" cattle. However, those early imports did not capture the attention of the American cattleman and the Simmental influence died quietly away until the late 1960s. The breed   made its most recent appearance in North America when a Canadian, named Travers   Smith, imported the famed bull "Parisien" from France in 1967. Semen was introduced   into the United States that same year, with the first half-blood Simmental   calf born in February of 1968. The American Simmental Association was formed   in October of 1968. Simmental spread to Great Britain, Ireland, and Norway   in 1970 and to Sweden and other Northern European countries shortly thereafter.   The first purebred bull imported into the United States in 1971 and Australia   received Simmental semen and live animals in 1972. The World Simmental Federation   was formed in 1974. In 1976 Simmental cattle were shipped to the Peoples'   Republic of China. The breed is known by a variety of names, including "Fleckvieh" in Germany,   Austria and Switzerland as well as many other European countries."Pie Rouge", "Montbeliard",   and "Abondance" in France; and "Pezzata Rossa" in   Italy. The Simmental name is derived from their original location, the Simme   Valley of Switzerland. In German, Thal or Tal means valley, thus the name   literally means "Simme Valley". The amazing growth of Simmental cattle in North America is really a reflection   of what has already occurred in most agricultural countries of the world.   Presently, the American Simmental Association registered about 80,000 cattle   annually into the Simmental and Simbrah herdbooks. The Association ranks among the top four of the U.S. beef breed   associations in annual registrations. Reference:


"Which actress played the title role in the 1945 film, ""Mildred Pierce""?"

Mildred Pierce (1945) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A hard-working mother inches towards disaster as she divorces her husband and starts a successful restaurant business to support her spoiled daughter. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 40 titles created 25 Jun 2011 a list of 39 titles created 23 Nov 2011 a list of 40 titles created 28 Dec 2011 a list of 32 titles created 10 Mar 2013 a list of 45 titles created 18 Apr 2014 Search for " Mildred Pierce " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    2 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A married woman and a drifter fall in love, then plot to murder her husband. Once the deed is done, they must live with the consequences of their actions. Director: Tay Garnett A small-time gambler hired to work in a Buenos Aires casino learns that his ex-lover is married to his employer. Director: Charles Vidor Hit men kill an unresisting victim, and investigator Reardon uncovers his past involvement with beautiful, deadly Kitty Collins. Director: Robert Siodmak A frumpy spinster blossoms under therapy and becomes an elegant, independent woman. Director: Irving Rapper A writer meets a young socialite on board a train. The two fall in love and are married soon after, but her obsessive love for him threatens to be the undoing of both them and everyone else around them. Director: John M. Stahl A young woman arrives at the home of her socialite cousin, and soon finds herself sucked into the woman's complex web of deceit. Director: Ranald MacDougall The wife of a rubber plantation administrator shoots a man to death and claims it was self-defense, but a letter in her own hand may prove her undoing. Director: William Wyler     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.8/10 X   Years after her aunt was murdered in her home, a young woman moves back into the house with her new husband. However, he has a secret that he will do anything to protect, even if it means driving his wife insane. Director: George Cukor A police detective falls in love with the woman whose murder he is investigating. Director: Otto Preminger A former child star torments her paraplegic sister in their decaying Hollywood mansion. Director: Robert Aldrich A private eye escapes his past to run a gas station in a small town, but his past catches up with him. Now he must return to the big city world of danger, corruption, double crosses and duplicitous dames. Director: Jacques Tourneur Tough cop Dave Bannion takes on a politically powerful crime syndicate. Director: Fritz Lang Edit Storyline When Mildred Pierce's wealthy husband leaves her for another woman, Mildred decides to raise her two daughters on her own. Despite Mildred's financial successes in the restaurant business, her oldest daughter, Veda, resents her mother for degrading their social status. In the midst of a police investigation after the death of her second husband, Mildred must evaluate her own freedom and her complicated relationship with her daughter. Written by Jwelch5742 A mother's love leads to murder. See more  » Genres: 20 October 1945 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Solange ein Herz schlägt See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia According to Ann Blyth , Joan Crawford instructed her to actually slap her in the staircase scene. See more » Goofs When Monty is pouring Mildred a drink, he asks her to say "when" for when she wants him to stop pouring, but then gives her the drink he poured for himself. See more » Quotes Policeman #1: If you take a swim, I'd have to take a swim. Is that fair? Because you feel like killing yourself, I gotta get pneumonia. See more » Crazy Credits The opening credits are presented with a background ocean scene that "washes" the credits on the s


Which powerful poison is extracted from the seeds of the Castor Oil plant?

Growing the Poisonous Castor Bean |    AL.com Growing the Poisonous Castor Bean comments   Q: A friend of mine gave me some seeds of castor bean. I understand the plant is very poisonous but it is beautiful and I would like to grow it. Someone else told me it might be illegal to grow. Your advice on all of this and how to grow it, please? - Betsy W. – Clay, AL   A: Castor bean, or castor oil plant, is indeed a stately, striking and beautiful plant in the garden, with a bold texture and a tall, upright form unlike most other plants. Selected varieties have red (reddish) leaves and flowers, but the species is green, often with good red or purple-brown coloration on new growth and stems. We grow a red form in the Ireland Iris Garden here at Birmingham Botanical Gardens. The leaves and especially the seeds of the plant contain the powerful toxin ricin and for that reason it is one of the most poisonous plants in the world: if you eat a half-dozen seeds and do not get medical treatment (which, obviously, I do not recommend) it can be fatal. Growing the plant as an ornamental or a crop is not illegal, but extracting and concentrating ricin from it is, as you would in effect be making a potent biological weapon (obviously, I do not recommend that, either). Please read on for a full explanation. Known as Ricinus communis [ruh-SEE-niss kuh-MYU-niss], castor bean is not a true bean. Beans are also called legumes and are in the Fabaceae. Castor bean is in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. Originally native to the southeastern Mediterranean, east Africa and India, it is now common throughout the tropics and has been cultivated for centuries as an ornamental and medicinal plant. It is the source of castor oil, so called because it was a replacement for castoreum, a perfume base extracted from the dried pineal gland of beavers (Castor sp.). A much older common name for castor bean is Palm of Christ (Latin: Palma Christi), which refers to the palm-shaped leaf and the plant's various purported medicinal or healing properties (which are interesting, but beyond the scope of this article to discuss). One source I checked mentioned that 600-800 million pounds of castor oil are used globally each year in the making of soaps, lubricants, hydraulic and brake fluids, paints, dyes, coatings, inks, cold resistant plastics, waxes and polishes, nylon, pharmaceuticals and perfumes. In the US, food-grade castor oil is a recognized safe ingredient in food, and is used in flavorings and candy, as a mold inhibitor, and in packaging. Of course, many will remember castor oil's widespread use in times past as a general laxative (although not a gentle one). For all such uses, ricin is chemically removed from the seeds. In our area, castor bean can be easily grown as a summer annual in most soils that are not permanently wet, preferably in full, but light shade is acceptable. It does not require but responds well to fertilization and grows quickly in our summer heat and humidity. The flowers are fuzzy little clusters borne on centrally-located, cone-shaped structures. They are interesting but not highly ornamental as they are often hidden by the bold and colorful foliage (see image). Our plants have self-seeded on their own for a number of years after planting, pretty much in place or nearby, and usually reach 5-7' in height by the time they are killed by a hard frost. In the tropics they form woody shrubs or small trees. The seeds, which look like spotted, swollen ticks (Ricinus derives from the Greek word for tick) can be harvested (carefully, see below!) in the fall, stored in the fridge, and grown in pots starting in late winter, to be planted in the garden after the last frost. If I had some seeds right now, I would probably plant half and store half (again, in the fridge) for next spring. That way if the ones planted this year failed to mature enough to flower (and make more seed), I'd still have some seed for next season. As mentioned, this plant is potentially very toxic. Any part of it, at any stage of its life cycle, must be handled with some ca


Which Bulgarian dissident was poisoned on Waterloo Bridge in 1978, with an umbrella into which had been inserted a pellet containing ricin?

Prime suspect in Georgi Markov 'umbrella poison' murder tracked down to Austria - Telegraph Crime Prime suspect in Georgi Markov 'umbrella poison' murder tracked down to Austria Thirty four years on, the murder of Georgi Markov - the Bulgarian dissident  poisoned by the tip of an umbrella in central London - remains one of the  great unsolved mysteries of the Cold War. Georgi Markov Photo: REUTERS By Nick Holdsworth, in Moscow, and Robert Mendick, Chief Reporter 2:00PM GMT 23 Mar 2013 The writer, who was living in the capital, was assassinated on the orders of the Bulgarian secret service as he waited for a bus on Waterloo Bridge in September 1978. While his killers have never been found, a suspect in the case has emerged: a spy known in Bulgarian files as Agent Piccadilly. He was named in Bulgaria eight years ago as Francesco Gullino, a Danish national of Italian origin, who worked for the then Communist regime using his business as an antiques dealer as a cover. Mr Gullino’s whereabouts have remained unknown. But finally he has been tracked down to an obscure Austrian town where he has admitted working for the Bulgarian secret service, Darzhavna Sigurnost (DS), but denied any involvement in Mr Markov’s murder. Now that he has been located, Scotland Yard, whose file on the Markov murder remains open, are likely to want to question Mr Gullino. Related Articles Spy drama recalls umbrella poisoning 20 Nov 2006 Now in his 60s, he was traced to his home by a film-maker for a new documentary, entitled: Silenced: Georgi Markov and The Umbrella Murder. In it, Mr Gullino, asked if he was still in touch with his old Bulgarian secret service handler, replied: “Yes I know him, but this is an intimate question because I was really in that [secret service] branch.” He was then challenged about his role in the assassination, to which Mr Gullino responded: “I have got nothing to do with this story. "I’m sorry, I wish I could give you a straight answer but… but think for a moment: If I was, if I were the murderer, you think I should, I just say it? You know my theory about the truth.” Mr Gullino earns his money as an antiques dealer with a supplementary income from the Danish state pension. But around 1978, he was paid thousands of pounds by the Bulgarian secret service. Between then and the collapse of Communism in 1990, he received a total of £30,000 from the DS, according to official files. It is alleged that Mr Gullino was ordered by the DS to live in Copenhagen in 1978 - the year Mr Markov was murdered - and set up an antiques business as a cover. The assassination of Mr Markov, a constant thorn in the side of Bulgaria’s Communist regime, was one of the most chilling episodes of the Cold War. He had lived in political exile in London since the late 1960s and was married to Annabel Markova, a novelist who writes under the name Annabel Dilke. The couple had a daughter Alexandra, who was just two when her father, then aged 49, was killed. Mrs Markova,70, said in the documentary: “I wish, that, when people talk about it in the west, they wouldn't say ‘Oh the guy, that got stuck by an umbrella’, they'd say ‘oh the great writer’, you know. The writer was so brave, that he risked his life to tell the truth, this would be fantastic.” Mr Markov, who worked for the BBC, was standing on Waterloo Bridge when he felt a sharp pain in thigh. He thought little of it but three days later he was dead. The killer had stabbed him with an umbrella, which had injected under his skin a pellet containing the poison ricin. Mr Gullino was outed as a suspect by a Bulgarian journalist who had spent six years combing the archives of Bulgaria’s secret service. It was claimed in 2005 that Mr Gullino had entered Britain, driving an Austrian-registered caravan, having been sent to London to 'neutralise’ Mr Markov on the direct orders of the country’s then hardline ruler Todor Zhikov. Working under the codename Agent Piccadilly, it is alleged that Mr Gullino helped to arrange the assassination before leaving London the day after to travel to Rome, where he met


Which breed of white or grey horse is used exclusively at The Spanish Riding School in Vienna?

Spanish Riding School - WikiHorseWorld Horse Articles Spanish Riding School File:Georg Niemann 001.jpg Winter Riding School, Cut. The Spanish Riding School (de: Spanische Hofreitschule, the "Spanish Court Riding-School") of Vienna, Austria, is a traditional riding school for Lipizzan horses , which perform in the Winter Riding School in the Hofburg. Not only is it a center for classical dressage , the headquarters is a tourist attraction in Vienna that offers public performances as well as permitting public viewing of some training sessions. The presentation builds on four centuries of experience and tradition in classical dressage . The leading horses and riders of the school also periodically tour and perform worldwide. Contents 9 External links Location The Spanish Riding School is located between Michaelerplatz and Josefsplatz near the Hofburg in central Vienna. Performances take place in the Winter Riding School, built between 1729-1735. The Winter Riding School is a sunlight- flooded hall, mainly white with some beige and light grey, with a portrait of Emperor Charles VI above the royal box and opposite the entrance (to which the riders always salute before they ride), which measures 55 by 18 meters and is 17 meters in height. The Spanish Riding School also has summer stables in Heldenberg-Wetzdorf-Lower Austria. The 68 resident stallions are taken there in July and August for seven weeks, where they are kept in stalls with paddocks. The horses are not schooled during this period, but instead are hacked in the nearby forest. History The riding school was first named during the Austrian Empire in 1572, long before the French manege of Antoine de Pluvinel , and is the oldest of its kind in the world [1] . Records show that a wooden riding arena was first commissioned in 1565, but it wasn't until 1729 that Emperor Charles VI commissioned the architect Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach to build the white riding hall used today. Prior to that time, the School operated from a wooden arena at the Josefsplatz. For a time, the riding hall was used for various ceremonies, but it is now open to the public, who may witness the training and performances by the stallions. The Spanish Riding School was named for the Spanish horses that formed one of the bases of the Lipizzan breed, which is used exclusively at the school. Today the horses delivered to the Spanish Riding School are bred in a state stud in Piber in western Styria, Austria, though they originally came from a stud in Lipica (Italian: Lipizza), near Trieste in modern Slovenia, which gave its name to the breed. The Spanish Riding School has antecedents in military traditions dating as far back as Xenophon in Ancient Greece, and particularly from the military horsemanship of the post-medieval ages when knights attempted to retain their battlefield preeminence by shedding heavy armor and learning to manoeuver quickly and with great complexity on a firearms-dominated battlefield. [2] Traditionally, Lipizzaners at the school have been trained and ridden wholly by men, although the Spanish Riding School states that there has never been an official ban on women. In October 2008, two women, an 18-year-old Briton and a 21-year-old Austrian, passed the entrance exam and were accepted to train as riders at the school - the first women to do so in 436 years. [3] Significant chief riders and directors of the school have included Max Ritter von Weyrother and Alois Podhajsky . Methods File:KochPiaffe.jpeg Piaffe in the Pillars The methods used by the Riding School are based on François Robichon de la Gueriniere . It is a common myth that the movements were developed to aid in battle; in fact, they were used to strengthen the war horse's body and mind and make him a supreme athlete, not to actually attack. All movements are based on those naturally performed by the horse when at liberty, with the exception of one-tempi changes . The stallions are taught in three stages: Remontenschule: ("forward riding") This stage begins when the horse is first brought to the Spanish Riding Sch


"Who wrote and recorded the song, ""Blue Suede Shoes"", later a hit record for Elvis Presley?"

The Blue Suede Shoes Story BLUE SUEDE SHOES: CHRONOLOGY OF A HIT "BLUE SUEDE SHOES" has been called the first true rock 'n' roll hit, in the sense that it was an "all market" hit. Some R&B hits had sold well in the pop market (most notably Chuck Berry's "Maybellene," which had even outsold the white cover versions); likewise, some country records had crossed over into the pop market, and Bill Haley had defined his own pop/R&B hybrid. But there had never been a record that had sold well in all three markets. While it seems almost pointless to try to pinpoint where rock 'n' roll began, it's fairly clear that the music incorporated elements of blues, country, and pop. "Blue Suede Shoes" was the first record to borrow from all three categories and become a hit on all three charts. That is Carl Perkins' achievement, and it is worth a detailed look at exactly how it happened. Fall 1955. Johnny Cash joins Carl Perkins for a show in Amory, Mississippi. He suggests that Carl write a song based on a saying he had heard in the chow line while he was in the service, "Don't step on my blue suede shoes." A few nights later Perkins is playing in Jackson, Tennessee, when he sees a dancer in the crowd trying to keep his girlfriend away from his new blue suede shoes. It connects with the idea that Cash had given him. At three o'clock the following morning, Perkins awakens with the genesis of the song in his head. He goes downstairs and writes out the lyrics in pencil on an empty potato bag. Suede is spelled swaed. Early December 1955. Perkins and his brothers have worked up the new song to the point where they feel comfortable auditioning it for Sam Phillips. For his part, Phllips is unsure about the future of "hillbilly bop" music, but now that Presley has departed, he is willing to let Perkins experiment in the new style. Perkins runs through the song for Phillips in the studio. Phillips commits three cuts to tape. On the first take, Perkins sings " . . . three to get ready, now go boy go!" Phillips suggests that Perkins change it to "go cat go!" They also change "drink my corn" to drink my liquor" as the song is gradually eased uptown. Three other songs are recorded at the same time: "Sure to Fall" (with Jay taking the lead), "Tennessee" (with Jay joining Carl on the chorus), and "Honey, Don't." December 19, 1955. Phillips listens to the tapes and decides to master two singles from the sessions. He assigns master numbers as follows: U-176 - "Blue Suede Shoes" U-178 - "Sure to Fall" U-179 - "Tennessee" There is some talk immediately after the session of keeping the old formula of coupling a rockabilly tune with a country weeper, but Phillips decides to go with one rockabilly single to be released under Carl's name and one country single, coupling "Sure to Fall" and "Tennessee," under the name of the Perkins Brothers Band or, possibly, Carl and Jay Perkins. Phillips cuts masters on both singles and ships acetates via Air Express to Jack Rosen at Superior Records in Los Angeles. He instructs Rosen to process the acetate masters and ship sets of 45-rpm and 78-rpm stampers (the metal parts used to press records) to Plastic Products in Memphis. "Make all shipments by air," adds Phillips, "and we surely will appreciate your doing a RUSH job on these - especially 176 and 177." Late December 1955. Phillips circulates dubs (acetates run from the tapes) to local radio stations and confirms that his hunch is correct: "Blue Suede Shoes" is the side to watch. Plastic Products has the first commercial copies ready by the last week in December. January 1, 1956. "Blue Suede Shoes," backed with "Honey, Don't," is released. "Sure to Fall"/ "Tennessee" is held back, probably because Phillips does not want to risk splitting airplay. January 20-21, 1956. Based on its local reception, Phillips suspects that there will be a heavy demand for "Blue Suede Shoes" and instructs Superior to ship stampers to Paramount in Philadelphia and Monarch Manufacturing in Los Angeles. "We anticipate that this number will be very big," adds Phi


In which 1960's play, revived in London in 2007, does a Parisian architect have three air-hostess fiancees?

Flights of fancy: A new TV series celebrates the swinging Sixties era of Pan Am stewardesses | The Independent Features Flights of fancy: A new TV series celebrates the swinging Sixties era of Pan Am stewardesses But was it really all white gloves and cocktails? John Walsh discovers the truth about the original trolley dollies Wednesday 28 September 2011 23:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Culture It's the white gloves that do it. The white gloves and the tight hobble skirts. The tight hobble skirts and the cute pillbox hats. The cute pillbox hats and the undulating runway strut. The runway strut and the white-on-blue, sailor-boy lapels.... Actually, I'm not sure which part of the Pan Am air stewardess's uniform in 1963 could accurately be described as sexy, but something about the bright blue two-piece outfits breathed a sophistication that had never been seen in a woman's uniform before. In Pan Am, the new prime-time American TV drama series, four azure-clad stewardesses stride confidently through an airport lounge en route to their plane. Their hips sway in motion, their blue handbags are clamped to their perfect hips, their white-gloved hands are angled just so. A little girl watches through a window with an awestruck gaze that guarantees a lifetime of body dysmorphia, while one of the stewardesses looks back as her with a kindly gesture. The scene is, of course, a pinch from Virgin Atlantic's 2009 TV ad that celebrated their quarter-century in the air. It showed a dozen attractive young women in red two-piece uniforms, accessorised by red scarves and red high heels, striding through Heathrow to the pounding beat of "Relax" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Male jaws drop, male lunchers drip ketchup down their shirts, male paparazzi abandon a posing popstrel to photograph the scarlet trolley-dollies instead. The handsome pilot who accompanies the girls raises a saucy eyebrow at an appreciative cougar-lady adjusting her shades by the postcard racks. Two plain (and older) stewardesses from a rival airline look on enviously, like peahens in the rain. And there's a little girl trying to imitate the foxy ladies – one of them waves to her, as though empowering a new generation of girls to spend their best years in service, dishing out sweet-potato salsa wraps and not-quite-coffee to glum businessmen at 30,000 feet. Look back a few years and you'll find the locus classicus of this air-hostess-harem stuff in a film called Catch Me If You Can, when con-man Frank Abagnale Jnr (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) signs up eight female students to don blue Pan Am uniforms and walk into an airport lounge with him, lending corroborative detail to his fake uniform and pilot's cap. The 21st century has re-discovered something thought axiomatic in the 1960s: air hostesses are glamorous babes, half a step behind fashion supermodels, feisty, super-competent young women, single and available to a guy with the right combination of airmiles and Asprey bijoux. That's the presumption behind the new TV series, whose pilot (a confusing word in the circumstances) aired in the US on Sunday. In it, we get to know four girls who long to see the world and escape from the everyday pressure (in 1963) to find a husband, settle down and have babies. There's Laura (Margot Robbie), who runs away from her fiancé on her wedding day ("I want to see the world!"), Kate (Kelli Garner), her supportive sister, who has been signed up to spy for the CIA, Maggie (Christina Ricci), a rebellious city girl with enormous brown eyes, and Colette (Karine Vanasse), a romantically inclined Parisienne. The first episode set umpteen plotlines running. Colette discovered that the man she's been seeing for six months is on the plane – with his wife and child. Laura is catapulted to air-hostess stardom as her face is splashed across the cover of Life magazine. ("You'll find a husband in less than six months!" gushes a colleague.) Kate gets her first undercover assignment, switching passports in the briefcase of a stolid Russian with a terrible accent. And Maggie is helicoptered fro


In 1915, which Balkan nation joined W.W.I., on the side of the Central Powers (i.e. Germany), by declaring war on Serbia?

Serbia | Article about Serbia by The Free Dictionary Serbia | Article about Serbia by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Serbia Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Acronyms , Wikipedia . Serbia (sûr`bēə), Serbian Srbija (sŭr`bēä), officially Republic of Serbia, republic (1995 est. pop. 10,394,000), 34,116 sq mi (88,361 sq km), W central Balkan Peninsula; formerly the chief constituent republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia , Serbo-Croatian Jugoslavija, former country of SE Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula. Belgrade was the capital and by far the largest city. Yugoslavs (i.e. ..... Click the link for more information.  and of its short-lived successor, Serbia and Montenegro. It is bounded in the northwest by Croatia, in the north by Hungary, in the northeast by Romania, in the east by Bulgaria, in the south by Macedonia, in the southwest by Kosovo Kosovo , Albanian Kosova, Serbian Kosovo i Metohija and Kosmet, officially Republic of Kosovo, republic (2011 est. pop. 1,826,000), 4,126 sq mi (10,686 sq km), SE Europe, a former province of Serbia that unilaterally declared its independence in 2008. ..... Click the link for more information.  (a former Serbian province whose independence is not recognized by Serbia) and in the west by Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Belgrade Belgrade , Serbian Beograd, city (1991 est. pop. 1,168,454), capital of Serbia, and of the former nation of Yugoslavia and its short-lived successor, Serbia and Montenegro, at the confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers. ..... Click the link for more information.  is the capital. Land and People Landlocked and largely mountainous in the west and south, Serbia lies within several mountain systems: the Dinaric Alps in the west, the Kopaonik range in the southwest, and the Balkan Mts. in the east. Much of Serbia slopes generally north toward the Danube and Sava rivers and is drained chiefly by the Drina (which forms part of the western border), Kolubara, Morava, and Timok rivers and their tributaries. The northeast is part of the fertile Danubian plain; it is drained by the Danube, Sava, Tisa (Tisza), and Morava rivers. Politically, the country consists of Serbia proper with the cities of Belgrade, Niš Niš or Nish , city (1991 pop. 175,391), SE Serbia, on the Nišava River. An important railway and industrial center, it has industries that textiles, cigarettes, electronics, and spirits. The Roman Naissus, it was the site of a victory (A.D. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Kragujevac Kragujevac , city (1991 pop. 147,305), S central Serbia. The economic and cultural center of the Sumadija region, Kragujevac's industries include the manufacture of motor vehicles and munitions, vegetable canning, and flour milling. First mentioned in 17th cent. ..... Click the link for more information.  and the ethnically mixed Vojvodina Vojvodina or Voivodina , autonomous province (1991 pop. 2,013,889), 8,301 sq mi (21,500 sq km), N Serbia. Novi Sad is the chief city and administrative center. ..... Click the link for more information.  province with Subotica Subotica , Ger. Maria Theresiopel or Theresiopel, Hung. Szabadka, city (1991 pop. 100,386), N Serbia, in the Vojvodina region. An important railway junction and an industrial center, it has factories that produce metal goods, fertilizer, furniture, and ..... Click the link for more information.  and Novi Sad Novi Sad , Ger. Neusatz, Hung. Újvidék, city (1991 pop. 179,626), N Serbia, on the Danube River. The chief city and administrative center of Vojvodina prov. ..... Click the link for more information. . The Sanjak, or Sandžak, region, which straddles the Serbia-Montenegro border, is home to many Muslims. The population consists primarily of Serbs, with Magyar (Hungarian), Romani (Gypsy), Bosniak, Montenegrin, and other minorities. The Serbs are very closely related to the Montenegrins and closely related to the Croats. but have been marked by different historical experiences. The Serbs also distinguish themselves culturally from the Croats through their membership in the


Which Roman Catholic sacrament consists of the anointing of a dying person with oil, which has been blessed?

Anointing of the Sick | Blessed Sacrament Roman Catholic Parish Blessed Sacrament Roman Catholic Parish Navigation Anointing of the Sick “Is anyone among you suffering? He should pray. Is anyone in good spirits? He should sing praise. Is anyone among you sick? He should summon the priests of the church, and they should pray over him and anoint him with oil in the name of the Lord, and the prayer of faith will save the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up. If he has committed any sins, he will be forgiven.” (The Letter of James 5:13-15) “But a gate has been opened for seeking peace, whereby the mist has lifted from the reason of the multitude; and light has dawned in the mind; and from the glistening olive, fruits are put forth, in which there is a sign of the sacrament of life, by which Christians are perfected, as well as priests and kings and prophets. It illuminates the darkness, anoints the sick, and leads back penitents in its secret sacrament.” -Aphraates the Persian Sage, Treatises, about 330 A.D. This is the sacrament that used to be called “Extreme Unction”, the “Last Anointing”. This is no longer the case. Since the Second Vatican Council in the 1960’s the name was changed to “The Anointing of the Sick” since it was for the sick not just for the dying. Since the earliest days the Church has used oil to anoint people. We use it in Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Orders, and the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick. Oil in the Church is a symbol of strength, and in this sacrament we pray that the person will be given the strength to return to their place before God’s altar. It is a sacrament for the sick. Therefore people should get it when they are sick. Many times people who have to go to the hospital call and come into the office to receive the sacrament before entering the hospital. This is great, because the person can join in the prayers along with their family. Many times the family gathers at the house and the priest comes and anoints the person at home when they can also pray with and for the sick person. This too is wonderful. The worst thing to do, both for the sick person and the family, is to let a sick person deteriorate until they are unconscious and in immediate danger of death and then call the priest to see if he can come right over. There are times when the priest cannot come. Don’t wait. If you wait until you need a priest “right now”, you may not be able to get one. A real emergency, like a heart attack or a stroke, fine; we will try our best to get there. In other cases, please give us time. Call and make an appointment and then we will be able to come when the sick person as well as family can pray together for the individual. That can be a very moving and beautiful experience. The prayers are for healing, both physical and spiritual, and forgiveness of sins is part of this sacrament. That is why it must be administered by a priest and not by a deacon or anyone else. If the sick person is in a hospital, please ask the hospital to call the Catholic parish that takes care of the hospital. That way you can make sure that you will get a priest in the quickest possible time. Sick, hospitalized, and/or terminally – call the Parish Office at 480-948-8370; instructions will be provided at this number. Share this:


"The ""Bloody Sunday"" massacre of 1972, took place in which Irish city?"

Bloody Sunday (1972) | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Osnabrück barracks (Germany) Bloody Sunday (Irish language: Domhnach na FolaScript error ) [1] [2] —sometimes called the Bogside Massacre [3] —was an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland, in which 26 civil-rights protesters and bystanders were shot by soldiers of the British Army . Thirteen males, seven of whom were teenagers, died immediately or soon after, while the death of another man four-and-a-half months later was attributed to the injuries he received on that day. Two protesters were also injured when they were run down by army vehicles. [4] Five of those wounded were shot in the back. [5] The incident occurred during a Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association march; the soldiers involved were members of the First Battalion of the Parachute Regiment (1 Para). [6] Two investigations have been held by the British government. The Widgery Tribunal , held in the immediate aftermath of the event, largely cleared the soldiers and British authorities of blame—Widgery described the soldiers' shooting as "bordering on the reckless"—but was widely criticised as a " whitewash ". [7] [8] [9] The Saville Inquiry , chaired by Lord Saville of Newdigate , was established in 1998 to reinvestigate the events. Following a 12-year inquiry, Saville's report was made public on 15 June 2010, and contained findings of fault that could re-open the controversy, and potentially lead to criminal investigations for some soldiers involved in the killings. [10] The report found that all of those shot were unarmed, and that the killings were both "unjustified and unjustifiable." On the publication of the Saville report the British prime minister, David Cameron, made a formal apology on behalf of the United Kingdom. [11] The Provisional Irish Republican Army 's (IRA) campaign against the partition of Ireland had begun in the two years prior to Bloody Sunday, but public perceptions of the day boosted the status of, and recruitment into, the organisation enormously. [12] Bloody Sunday remains among the most significant events in the Troubles of Northern Ireland, chiefly because those who died were shot by the British army rather than paramilitaries, in full view of the public and the press. [3] Contents Main article: The Troubles In the late 1960s, perceived discrimination against the Catholic minority in electoral boundaries, voting rights, and the allocation of public housing [13] led organisations such as Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) to mount a non-violent campaign for change, [14] although NICRA were secretly sponsored by IRA in the hope that there would be a campaign of civil disturbance which would unseat the unionist government in Belfast. [15] While initially welcomed by the Catholics as a neutral force, relations between them and the Army soon deteriorated. [16] In response to escalating levels of violence across Northern Ireland, internment without trial was introduced on 9 August 1971. [17] In a quid pro quo gesture to nationalists, all marches and parades were banned, including the flashpoint march by the Apprentice Boys of Derry which was due to take place on 12 August. [18] There was disorder across Northern Ireland following the introduction of internment, with 21 people being killed in three days of rioting. [19] On 10 August, Bombardier Paul Challenor became the first soldier to be killed by the Provisional IRA in Derry, when he was shot by a sniper on the Creggan estate . [20] A further six soldiers had been killed in Derry by mid-December 1971. [21] 1,332 rounds were fired at the British Army, who also faced 211 explosions and 180 nail bombs [21] and who fired 364 rounds in return. Provisional IRA activity also increased across Northern Ireland with thirty British soldiers being killed in the remaining months of 1971, in contrast to the ten soldiers killed during the pre-internment period of the year. [19] Both the Official IRA and Provisional IRA had established "no-go" areas for the British Army and RUC in


"Shortly after World War I, the Kennel Club gave which new name to the ""Deutsche Schaferhund"", after a region, which had been taken from Germany?"

German Shepherd Dog Breed Information: History, Health, Pictures, and more History:    As early man began to dominate the landscape through technological advances, coupled with the advent of agriculture, he would cease his nomadic hunter gatherer wanderings. This change in the culture of mankind would forever alter the role of mans earliest hunting companion and camp guardian, the dog. Man would begin to refine the dog away from a simple hunting companion into a myriad of different types all uniquely suited for specific roles. There were those bred much like their ancestors for hunting, those bred for protecting the family while man was away, those bred for freighting supplies, and those bred to tend to mans flocks and protect them from predators such as bears and wolves.  It is from this need, to protect prey from predator, that the dawn of the pastoral shepherd dog arrived.   The German Shepherd is believed to have derived from these long extinct breeds of early herding dogs. During the 18th and 19th century across Europe, and especially Germany, shepherding was a fairly common way of life. The typical role of a dog in earning his keep was to assist the local shepherd in herding the sheep from one point to the next and to protect the flock from predators. The breeding of sheepdogs or livestock protection dogs during this time was largely a non standardized affair handled within the local community. It was here, in these relatively isolated communities, that shepherds would select and breed their dogs based on performance and attributes such as intelligence, stamina, speed, strength and size. Although this method was successful in creating a number of very capable herding and livestock protection dogs, there was no uniformity from one locale to the next. As such, dogs from one region tended to be significantly different from those of another, both in appearance and ability; a situation wherein desirable attributes such as the ability to defend sheep from predators found in the larger mediocre herding dogs of one community may have been totally lacking in the smaller excellent herding dogs from another.   The first attempt to remedy this lack of standardization was the formation of the Phylax Society (Phylax being Greek for "guardsman"). Formed in 1891 by a group of enthusiasts, the goal of the Phylax Society was to handpick the best dogs from local shepherds for breeding with the intention of creating a standardized German dog breed. In-fighting and bickering amongst the societies members regarding the desired traits for what would become the German Shepherd Dog, however, led to the club’s dissolution just four years after its creation. Much of the conflict was centered on the topic of beauty versus utility. With little to no compromise, members on both sides of the argument became increasingly frustrated, prompting many to leave. The club was officially disbanded in 1894.  Although the Phylax Society was short lived, it had sown the seeds from which the German Shepherd was to emerge, as many former members continued their attempts to breed a dog with superior working qualities.   One such member was a young German cavalry officer, Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant) Max Emil Friedrich von Stephanitz (1864 – 1936). His belief was that utility, not beauty, should be the focus of any standardization program. As a young cavalry officer prior to his joining the Phylax Society, von Stephanitz traveled all over Germany. It was during his travels that he came to observe a shepherd tending to his flock of rather large sheep. The shepherd dogs and their working abilities fascinated the young officer, but he soon noticed that the shepherds’ bantamweight dogs, though dutiful and diligent, were outmatched by the larger, querulous welterweight sheep. Observing the dogs difficulty in different tasks in accordance with their size, von Stephanitz came to the opinion that he could solve this problem by breeding a medium-sized working dog that could handle not only the larger sheep common to this area but also the smaller faster variety foun


Who opened the bowling alongside Wes Hall for the West Indies on the 1963 and 1966 test tours to England?

Patrick Hicks on Sussex beating West Indies in 1966 | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo When I watched Sussex tame the mighty West Indians Patrick Hicks Fifty years ago, West Indies, led by Sobers, seemed unbeatable in England. Over two days in Hove, it was a different story 16 That was just a dream: the West Indies team of 1966 bossed the five-Test series in England. The only blip was the Hove horror tour game © PA Photos Amid the English sporting nostalgia of 1966 - and all that we will have over the coming month or two - you'd be forgiven for missing the 50th anniversary of one of the most remarkable cricket matches to take place in the same year. Sussex supporters, however, might reflect with pleasure and pride on that particular game in June in Hove. Over the course of two days, Sussex completed an extraordinary victory , overcoming the mighty West Indians - unbeaten until that point in their tour of England - in just two days. The brain plays strange games with memories. Apart from the cricket in that summer of 1966, the rest of the year is a blur for me. I was 10 at the time, but I cannot actually recall England winning the football World Cup - I have frequently tried to search for it in my memory, but it is frustratingly just not there. So why is it that I can remember more details of that match from 50 years ago, than that of the Cardiff Test I attended last year? Led by Garry Sobers, with Conrad Hunte as his vice-captain, West Indies came to England in 1966 with 12 of the team that had toured three years earlier. The touring party featured a hugely impressive batting line-up - apart from Sobers and Hunte, it included Rohan Kanhai, Seymour Nurse, Basil Butcher, Joey Carew, with wicketkeeper Jackie Hendriks and allrounder David Holford. Charlie Griffith and Wes Hall opened the bowling, with Lance Gibbs as the leading spinner. This was a key season in that era of West Indies cricket, with three tours to the UK in the 1960s. Their series win in the 1963 tour had led to their visit in 1966, which was arranged at relatively short notice. Though the focus was largely on the football World Cup that summer (there was a month-long gap between the third and fourth Test matches to avoid any clashes), there was massive interest in the cricket, with West Indies dominating the series and winning it 3-1 . West Indies arrived in Hove on the back of a thumping win over England in the first Test at Old Trafford , followed by a game against Gloucestershire in Bristol that ended in an exciting draw. At Old Trafford, West Indies (484) had beaten England (167 and 277) by an innings and 40 runs - England's first three-day defeat since 1938. Hunte hit 135 in five hours on the first day, and then Sobers took over with 161 in 244 minutes. After England were made to follow on, only Colin Milburn (94) and Colin Cowdrey (69) coped with the spin of Gibbs and Sobers. Gibbs finished with 5 for 69, taking his match figures to 10 for 106. In the three-day game in Bristol, West Indies needed 12 to win off the last over, with five wickets in hand. They scored 11 off the first five balls. "Holford took a mighty swing," Wisden reports, "but was bowled, leaving the scores level." John Snow (bowling against India here) made a comeback to the Test squad in 1966 after taking 11 for 47 against the West Indians © Getty Images The tourists then travelled to Hove for their match against Sussex, which would start the following morning. That day, Saturday June 11, was my brother's birthday, so as a treat, our mother took both of us to the game. Sussex had the reputation of being the "one-day specialists", having won the Gillette Cup (the inaugural one-day competition) in 1963 and 1964. At the time, Sussex had never won the County Championship - that would only come in 2003 - but the side featured a number of Test players, including Jim Parks, John Snow and Alan Oakman. Ted Dexter was absent for nearly the whole season after breaking his leg in a car accident the year before, hence the captaincy was taken over by the Nawab of Pataudi, who went on to captain India in 4


"In the opera, ""Tosca"", by Puccini, what is the name of the heroine's beloved, who is executed by firing squad in the final scenes?"

TOSCA Student Guide | Opera Company of Philadelphia by Opera Philadelphia - issuu issuu Opera Company of Philadelphia and The School District of Philadelphia Present Giacomo Pucciniâ€™s Final Dress Rehearsal Wednesday, April 27, 2011 at 2:00 p.m. at the Academy of Music Opera A Family Guide to Pennsylvania’s standards in education call for students to show what they know and are able to do and children need to share what they have discovered or learned. Thus, the title of our program is Sounds of Learning™. It reflects our belief that children must be actively engaged in sharing ideas. The Sounds of Learning™ workbook and teacher guide will integrate with local core literacy curriculum in many ways. Just as opera is a uniquely integrated art, combining orchestra, voice, literature, drama, and dance, Sounds of Learning™ is an interdisciplinary and student-centered program. The goal of the Active Learning sections is to have your children engaged in the process of selfteaching. They will be able to show how they have gained insights into their learning by drawing, writing, and discussing the issues most relevant to them. In this way, students demonstrate what they can do with what they know. We believe the family is the most important foundation to learning. Let your kitchen table become a classroom where your children can build their knowledge of opera and the humanities. As you join in the teaching and learning process with your children, watch their eyes sparkle. Opera is a communal celebration, so too should be your children’s education. In reading the libretto, we suggest that you and your family members take turns reading particular roles. Dr. Ellen Winner of Harvard’s Project Zero found that: “drama helps to build verbal skills that transfer to new materials;” helps students in “reading readiness and achievement;” and “oral and written language development.” (Journal of Aesthetic Education, v34, #3/4, Fall/Winter, 2000.) In preparing for the opera, we suggest you purchase one of EMI Classics’s excellent audio or video recordings of this opera. We are grateful to EMI Classics for offering us their libretti for use in our program. Together, we hope to build future audiences for, and performers of, the arts. Visit EMI on the web at www.emiclassics.com. Goals and Objectives of Sounds of Learning™ • Improve literacy rates by using the opera’s libretto to teach courses across the curriculum • Understand the plot, characters, and their motivations • Learn something about the composer, and others involved in writing the opera • Know something of the historic and social context of the story • Know some key musical elements, recognize certain melodies, differentiate between voices • Understand the role music plays by expressing emotions and heightening the dramatic experience • Understand the various elements of producing opera and the functions of those involved; e.g. conductor, director, set designer, technical crew, etc. • Develop the ability to make judgments about the opera, production, and performance. • Relate incidents in the opera to those of the present day Best Practices in Arts Education is sponsored by Pennsylvania Alliance for Arts Education, Pennsylvania Council on the Arts and the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Table of Contents Opera 101: Getting Ready for the Opera 2 3 4 5 6 Opera Company of Philadelphia Philadelphiaâ€™s Academy of Music Opera Etiquette 101 Opera - Online! A Brief History of Western Opera Relating Opera to History: The Culture Connection 8 9 10 11 The Man Behind the Music: Giacomo Puccini What in the World? A Timeline of Important Events Keeping it Real: Verismo The Battle of Marengo Libretto and Production Information 12 13 Puccini Schemes to Make Tosca His Own Tosca: Plot Synopsis 34 35 36 36 Alternate Endings Conflicts and Loves in Tosca GAME: Musical Crossword Puzzle Philadelphia Inquirer Tosca Review from 1901 Lessons Glossary 39 Check out our website for additional content! Here youâ€™ll find more information on the opera, its themes, le


"Who was lead singer with the 1960's pop group, ""Amen Corner""?"

Greatest Hits - Amen Corner | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic Greatest Hits google+ AllMusic Review               by William Ruhlmann The Amen Corner managed to be on two different record labels, Deram and Immediate, during their brief existence and to score hits for both. Thus, neither label has enough to fill out a complete hits collection. This is Immediate's version, which does contain the chart-topping "(If Paradise Is) Half as Nice" and the Top Ten "Hello Susie." But the Deram hits, "Gin House Blues," "Bend Me, Shape Me," and "High in the Sky" are all represented here by live versions, and it's there you really get to hear the evidence of the group's teen appeal -- the screams run right through the performances. The rest of the album contains the group's covers of songs like the Beatles ' "Get Back" and the Band's "The Weight," and originals such as "Recess" that suggest their categorization as a kiddie band wasn't entirely unearned. The Amen Corner never made it in the U.S., but it's hard to understand why, given the band's chops and, especially, lead singer Andy Fairweather-Low 's distinctively gravelly wail. Track Listing


The Appian Way began in Rome and ends in which other Italian city?

Appian Way, Rome Appian Way 5 171 votes Via Appia Antica (Old Appian Way) was once one of the world's most important roads and the most famous of all the roads that radiated from Rome towards the far ends of the Roman Empire. Building the Road The Via Appia, originally built in 312 BC, was the brainchild of Appius Claudius Caecus, the then-censor of Rome, who was known for organizing bold public works that helped make life easier for the people of Rome. Appian Way Appius Claudius' most famous project was this road, which would eventually run all the way from Rome to the port city of Brindisi. The road began as a level dirt surface upon which mortar and small stones were laid. On top of that, gravel was placed, topped with interlocking stones that would provide a flat surface for those traveling the road. Historians say the stones fit together so well that it was nearly impossible to stick a knife between them. Ditches were dug on either side of the road and were protected by retaining walls. A 560 km long road Via Appia began at the Circus Maximus , passing along the Baths of Caracalla , and later, the Aurelian Wall . Near Rome the road was lined with tombs. When the road left the city, it traveled through wealthy suburbs on its way straight through the Appian Mountains and over the former Pontine Marshes to Terracina, a coastal town 56 km south of Rome. From there the Appian Way followed the western coast, eventually ending at Capua, making the original road about 210 km long. Ancient Roman Pavement This road achieved its goals by helping the Roman army move military supplies where they were needed in a quick manner, resulting in several victories for the army. Sometime around 295 BC, the road was extended to Benevenutum and then, within the next five years, to Venusia and Tarentum. Eventually, the Appian Way made it all the way to the port city of Brindisi on Italy's southeast coast, 560 km from Rome (about 350 miles). Monuments Along the Appian Way Relief on a tomb Since it was forbidden to bury the dead in the city proper, many were buried along the roads leading out of Rome. Important people built tombs for themselves or for their whole family. Sometimes these tombs were as large as a house. Their shapes varied from a tumulus or a pyramid to a small temple. The Via Appia was lined with such monuments and many of them are still visible today. The most impressive is the well-preserved tomb of Cecilia Metella - the wife of one of Julius Caesar's generals, which looks almost like a fortress. Other notable tombs include the tomb of Marcus Servilius, the tomb of Tomb of Cecilia Metella Tomb of Sextus Pompeius Justus Romulus (son of Emperor Maxentius), the tomb of Seneca (a Roman philosopher) and the tomb of the family of Sextus Pompeius Justus; The inscription on the tomb tells of the grief of a father burying his young children. There's also an emperor buried along the Via Appia, Gallienus, who was murdered in 268 AD. Other Sights Besides the numerous tombs along the road, there are some other monuments that line the Via Appia: the Temple of Hercules, the church Quo Vadis (where Saint Peter is said to have met Christ) and the remains of the Gothic church of San Nicola. The Villa dei Quintili, with its ancient baths and beautiful friezes and sculptures is located nearby at the Via Appia Nuova. And nearby the tomb of Romulus is the Circus Maxentius, a large arena where chariot races were held. Adjacent to the circus was a palace built by Emperor Maxentius. The circus, which was second in size only to the Circus Maximus , is the best preserved of all Roman circuses. Underneath While the Via Appia is lined with monuments and tombs of ancient Roman patrician families, many find what's under the Appian Way to be more interesting. Below the street are miles of tunnels - known as catacombs - where the early Christians buried their dead and, when necessary, held secret church services. Several of the catacombs are open to the public and on a guided tour led by local priests and monks, visitors can view ancient burial niches and a


Who was the founding father of the US state of Texas?

How Christian Were the Founders? - The New York Times The New York Times Magazine |How Christian Were the Founders? Search How Christian Were the Founders? By RUSSELL SHORTO Photo Original Image: “‘Declaration of Independence,” by John Trumbull/The Bridgeman Art Library Credit Montage by Carin Goldberg LAST MONTH, A WEEK before the Senate seat of the liberal icon Edward M. Kennedy fell into Republican hands, his legacy suffered another blow that was perhaps just as damaging, if less noticed. It happened during what has become an annual spectacle in the culture wars. Over two days, more than a hundred people — Christians, Jews, housewives, naval officers, professors; people outfitted in everything from business suits to military fatigues to turbans to baseball caps — streamed through the halls of the William B. Travis Building in Austin, Tex., waiting for a chance to stand before the semicircle of 15 high-backed chairs whose occupants made up the Texas State Board of Education. Each petitioner had three minutes to say his or her piece. “Please keep César Chávez” was the message of an elderly Hispanic man with a floppy gray mustache. “Sikhism is the fifth-largest religion in the world and should be included in the curriculum,” a woman declared. Continue reading the main story Following the appeals from the public, the members of what is the most influential state board of education in the country, and one of the most politically conservative, submitted their own proposed changes to the new social-studies curriculum guidelines, whose adoption was the subject of all the attention — guidelines that will affect students around the country, from kindergarten to 12th grade, for the next 10 years. Gail Lowe — who publishes a twice-a-week newspaper when she is not grappling with divisive education issues — is the official chairwoman, but the meeting was dominated by another member. Don McLeroy, a small, vigorous man with a shiny pate and bristling mustache, proposed amendment after amendment on social issues to the document that teams of professional educators had drawn up over 12 months, in what would have to be described as a single-handed display of archconservative political strong-arming. Advertisement Continue reading the main story McLeroy moved that Margaret Sanger, the birth-control pioneer, be included because she “and her followers promoted eugenics,” that language be inserted about Ronald Reagan’s “leadership in restoring national confidence” following Jimmy Carter’s presidency and that students be instructed to “describe the causes and key organizations and individuals of the conservative resurgence of the 1980s and 1990s, including Phyllis Schlafly, the Contract With America, the Heritage Foundation, the Moral Majority and the National Rifle Association.” The injection of partisan politics into education went so far that at one point another Republican board member burst out in seemingly embarrassed exasperation, “Guys, you’re rewriting history now!” Nevertheless, most of McLeroy’s proposed amendments passed by a show of hands. Finally, the board considered an amendment to require students to evaluate the contributions of significant Americans. The names proposed included Thurgood Marshall, Billy Graham, Newt Gingrich, William F. Buckley Jr., Hillary Rodham Clinton and Edward Kennedy. All passed muster except Kennedy, who was voted down. This is how history is made — or rather, how the hue and cry of the present and near past gets lodged into the long-term cultural memory or else is allowed to quietly fade into an inaudible whisper. Public education has always been a battleground between cultural forces; one reason that Texas’ school-board members find themselves at the very center of the battlefield is, not surprisingly, money. The state’s $22 billion education fund is among the largest educational endowments in the country. Texas uses some of that money to buy or distribute a staggering 48 million textbooks annually — which rather strongly inclines educational publishers to tailor their products to fit the standard


Which animal has species called Grevy's, Cape Mountain and Plains, amongst others?

1000+ images about Zebra, Zebras, plains zebra, the Grévy's zebra, mountain zebra on Pinterest | Unique, Habitats and Stripes Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas Zebra, Zebras, plains zebra, the Grévy's zebra, mountain zebra Zebra, Zebras are several species of African equids (horse family) united by their distinctive black and white stripes. Their stripes come in different patterns, unique to each individual. There are three species of zebras: the plains zebra, the Grévy's zebra and the mountain zebra. various anthropogenic factors have had a severe impact on zebra populations, in particular hunting for skins and habitat destruction. Grévy's zebra and the mountain zebra are endangered. 106 Pins803 Followers


Who wore two shirts on his execution day?

The Trial and Execution of Charles I - History Learning Site Home   »   Stuart England   »  The Trial and Execution of Charles I The Trial and Execution of Charles I Citation: C N Trueman "The Trial and Execution of Charles I" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 16 Aug 2016. Charles I was the first of our monarchs to be put on trial for treason and it led to his execution. This event is one of the most famous in Stuart England’s history – and one of the most controversial. No law could be found in all England’s history that dealt with the trial of a monarch so the order setting up the court that was to try Charles was written by a Dutch lawyer called Issac Dorislaus and he based his work on an ancient Roman law which stated that a military body (in this case the government) could legally overthrow a tyrant. The execution of Charles, led to an eleven year gap in the rule of the Stuarts (1649 to 1660) and it witnessed the rise to supreme power of Oliver Cromwell – whose signature can be clearly seen on the death warrant of Charles. Charles was put on trial in London on January 1st 1649. He was accused of being a  “tyrant, traitor and murderer; and a public and implacable enemy to the Commonwealth of England.“ He was to be tried by 135 judges who would decide if he was guilty or not. In fact only 68 turned up for the trial. Those that did not were less than happy about being associated with the trial of the king. In fact, there were plenty of MPs in Parliament who did not want to see the king put on trial but in December 1648, these MPs had been stopped from going into Parliament by a Colonel Pride who was helped by some soldiers. The only people allowed into Parliament were those who Cromwell thought supported the trial of the king. This Parliament was known as the “Rump Parliament” and of the 46 men allowed in (who were considered to be supporters of Cromwell), only 26 voted to try the king. Therefore even among those MPs considered loyal to Cromwell, there was no clear support to try Charles.  The Chief Judge was a man called John Bradshaw. He sat as head of the High Court of Justice. He was not one of the original 135 judges but none of the 68 that did turn up wanted to be Chief Judge and the job was given to Bradshaw, who was a lawyer. He knew that putting Charles on trial was not popular and he actually feared for his own life. He had made for himself a special hat which had metal inside it to protect his head against an attack. It was Bradshaw who read out the charge against Charles; that he  “out of a wicked design to erect and uphold in himself an unlimited and tyrannical power to rule according to his will, and to overthrow the rights and liberties of the people of England.“ The hall where the king was tried was packed with soldiers – to protect the judges or to make sure that the king did not escape? The public was not allowed into the hall until after the charge had been read out. Why would the government do this if their case against Charles was good? At the trial, Charles refused to defend himself. He did not recognise the legality of the court. He also refused to take off his hat as a sign of respect to the judges who did attend. This seemed to confirm in the minds of the judges that Charles, even when he was on trial for his life, remained arrogant and therefore a danger to others as he could not recognise his own faults. Bradshaw announced the judgment of the court : that  “he, the said Charles Stuart, as a tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy to the good of this nation, shall be put to death by severing of his head from his body.” When the judgment of the court was announced, Charles finally started to defend himself. He was told that his chance had gone and the king of England was bundled out of the court by the guarding soldiers. His date of execution was set for January 30th1649. The execution of Charles I Charles was executed on a Tuesday. It was a cold day. Charles was allowed to go for a last walk in St James’s park with his pet dog. His last meal was bread and wi


Europa Point is the southern tip of which British territory?

Places - Gibraltar Whilst this unusual  plot of land nestled off the southern tip of Spain is not Spanish, it is  worthy of a mention due to its closeness. Gibraltar is a British dependency and  a world famous tax-haven. Once a military stronghold although the military  presence has now been scaled down. The RAF has maintained a base at the airport.  It is a tourist haven that attracts many thousands of visitors all year round.  Despite the small area of land that Gibraltar occupies (about 2 square miles),  it has many points of interest for the tourist. Once over the frontier from  Spain, which can be a trial, especially in the summer season, (passports  required), there are companies that run tours of the rock and all the sights. The tours last approx. 1 1/2 hours. There is also a cable car that runs to the  top of the rock. This starts at the Botanic Gardens and finishes at the Ape's  Den. The rock tour includes the Caves of St.Michael with all its glorious  stalactites and stalagmites, where concerts are still held, deep within the  rock, the Siege Tunnels with 32 miles of underground passageways inside the  rock, a Moorish Castle, last rebuilt in 1333 that stands perched on the edge of  the cliff. Gibraltar is also the only place in the world where Barbary Apes live  wild. These tail-less monkeys have lived on the rock for centuries and are  amusing to all who see them.          If you drive your vehicle up the rock, the price is £10 plus £2 per person. [2010/11]. Pictured above are the apes. WARNING ! Do not feed the apes. There is a huge fine which will be imposed if you are caught. watch your personal belongings as the apes will steal anything they can get hold of. Bags and sun glasses are particularly attractive to them, as are carrier bags. See our rock tour video to see the apes violently fighting.   Gibraltar rises to 450  metres at its peak and guards the entrance from the Mediterranean to the wide  ocean beyond. The history of Gibraltar is fascinating to say the  least. Read the history of Gibraltar here .   Pictured below is Gibraltar from La Linea which is the Spanish town where the border crossing is located.   At Europa point there is an observation point with telescope.   Currently the area is being dveloped and a new park is being constructed [2010].   The Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque is located here (see left). It's the most southerly located Mosque in Europe. It was a gift to Gibraltar from the late King Fahd Al-Saud. It took two years to build. At Europa Point you will also find the Trinity Lighthouse. It was built around 1838, instructed by the Governor of Gibraltar, Alexander Woodford. The lighthouse opened in 1841. A crowd of more than 2000 people gathered to see the lighthouse begin operation.


The Mall links Buckingham Palace and where?

A grand approach to Buckingham Palace - The Mall, London Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor “A grand approach to Buckingham Palace” Reviewed 8 July 2015 A wide tree lined boulevard that links Trafalgar Square with Buckingham Palace. It is bound by St James Park on one side and small palaces (in comparison to Buckingham Palace) on the other and gives a suitably grand approach to Buckingham Palace. The road surface is red which stands out and the black cabs driving past give a real sense that you are in London. I really enjoyed walking down this street. On the left hand side is a beautiful memorial to the Queen Mother and her husband King George VI. Visited June 2015 “A walk through history” Reviewed 15 June 2015 The Mall runs from Trafalgar Square to Buckingham Palace. I always take visitors out of St James'' park station and walk through the park to the palace, I then walk along the mall, reminiscing about how many times we have seen it on TV, during ceremonies and stop to look at Horse Guards' Parade on the way. At the end of the Mall, you pass through Admiralty Arch and then enter Trafalgar Square. In August 2014, my chatty Aussie mate stopped talking and was really moved by this vista. It is a wonderful walk along the Mall, alongside Green park and ending at Trafalgar Square is a great culmination of the walk. Visited August 2014 “Wide tree-lined way at the heart of Royal and ceremonial London.” Reviewed 13 June 2015 It is used as a processional route during Royal and other State occasions, when large crowds line it. Linking Trafalgar Square and Admiralty Arch with the Queen Victoria Memorial and Buckingham Palace it is a wide avenue, not really a tourist attraction in itself other than when festooned with flags but good to see because of all the history and beauty around here - in addition to the places already mentioned it's adjacent to Horse Guards Parade, St. James's Park, Carlton House Terrace, the Duke of York's Column, Lancaster House, Clarence House and St. James's Palace. Visited June 2015


Which opera features the Polovtsian Dances?

Polovstian Dances, Borodin, Prince Igor. Full Version HQ - YouTube Polovstian Dances, Borodin, Prince Igor. Full Version HQ Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Mar 5, 2012 Prince Igor (Russian: Князь Игорь, Knyaz' Igor' ) is an opera in four acts with a prologue. It was composed by Alexander Borodin. The composer adapted the libretto from the East Slavic epic The Lay of Igor's Host, which recounts the campaign of Russian prince Igor Svyatoslavich against the invading Polovtsian tribes in 1185. The opera was left unfinished upon the composer's death in 1887 and was edited and completed by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov. It was first performed in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1890. This version is conducted by Gergiev with the Kirov ( Mariyinksky) Opera Company. Слово о плъку Игоревѣ


Court martial over death of Iraqi puts military justice system on trial - Telegraph Court martial over death of Iraqi puts military justice system on trial By Joshua Rozenberg 12:01AM BST 13 Jul 2006 In little more than a month from now the British system of military justice will take centre stage as never before. More than a year after they were charged in connection with the death of an Iraqi hotel worker, Col Jorge Mendonca and six other servicemen will finally appear before a court martial. But the judge chosen to preside at their trial has never sat in a military court before. In March, it emerged that the case would be heard before a highly-experienced civilian judge, Mr Justice McKinnon. John Reid, who was Defence Secretary at the time, let it be known that he was furious that Judge Blackett, the senior military judge, had decided not to hear the case - creating what Mr Reid regarded as the false perception that the military system of justice could not cope. Why then did Judge Blackett, 51, a circuit judge, ask the Lord Chief Justice to assign a more senior member of the judiciary to the case? Related Articles Brief encounters 13 Jul 2006 "This is the first case brought under the International Criminal Court Act 2001," Judge Blackett tells me. Col Mendonca is not charged under this legislation: the former CO of the Queen's Lancashire Regiment is accused under the Army Act of negligently performing his duty by failing to take any steps, or any reasonable steps, to ensure that civilians were not ill-treated at a holding centre under his command. But three other members of the regiment are accused of inhumanely treating named Iraqi civilians, a war crime under the Act of 2001. "I believe that this is such an important issue of jurisprudence that a High Court judge should deal with it," Judge Blackett says. All courts martial are now headed by civilian judges. And it is normal practice in the civilian courts for High Court judges to conduct particularly demanding trials. Judge Blackett is clearly keen to bring courts martial up to the same standard as their civilian counterparts. For this reason, he has ended the age-old practice of judges sitting alongside the military officers who decide, alone, whether the defendant is guilty. This so-called "panel" is, broadly speaking, the equivalent of a jury and so Judge Blackett has directed that all panels should now sit separately from the judge advocate in what amounts to a jury box. The panel members must be senior in rank to each of the defendants. For that reason, the panel in Col Mendoca's case will be headed by a major-general, with the other members being brigadiers and officers promoted to colonel before him. The trial will take place at a new military court centre in Bulford, near Salisbury - designed to be as open to the public as any civilian court. Having a military jury is now the main difference between a court martial and a civilian trial. The panel can put the charges into a military context, Judge Blackett explains. They are just as vulnerable to prejudicial publicity as a civilian jury, he insists, and so the normal rules of contempt of court apply. The most senior member of the panel, known as the president, is responsible for ensuring that the trial is conducted in a manner that befits the traditions of the Service. But the most dramatic difference between a military panel and a civilian jury is that, after a conviction, the panel will join the judge on the Bench and decide the sentence. This sounds rather alarming. All the judge advocates are civilians and Judge Blackett has made sure that they are trained to the same level as other judges. But the officers who make up the panel have no such training. For this reason, Judge Blackett has written a detailed guide to sentencing in courts martial. This tells panel members that they can outvote the judge: only a simple majority is needed. In practice, Judge Blackett says, he will suggest the range within which he believes the sentence should fall, before opening it up to the panel for discussion. If it was up


Which Olympic city had the animal mascot called Amik the Beaver?

Olympic Games Mascots - Olympic News Olympic Games Mascots twitter Share The first Olympic mascot – which was not official – was named “Schuss” and was born at the Grenoble Olympic Games in 1968. A little man on skis, half-way between an object and a person, it was the first in a long line of Olympic mascots. (c) IOC  It was not until the Munich 1972 Olympic Games that the first official Olympic mascot, “Waldi”, the dachshund, was created. Since then, mascots have become the most popular and memorable ambassadors of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. An original image, the mascot has the job of giving concrete form to the Olympic spirit, spreading the values highlighted at each edition of the Games; promoting the history and culture of the host city; and giving the event a festive atmosphere. (c) Photo Olympia Press The Games mascots over the years have all been examples of ingenuity, imagination and artistic creativity. From “Waldi” to “Amik”, the Montreal Games beaver, the first mascots were emblematic animals of the host countries. In 1992, Barcelona surprised everyone with “Cobi”, a strange avant-garde dog created by the great designer, Javier Mariscal. Cobi was followed by a whole variety of mascots based on people, animals or even mythical and imaginary creatures.   From the dog to the snow leopard, via human-like ice cubes, the mascots lend an element of humour and joy to the Olympic experience. They contribute to the efforts made to offer a warm welcome to athletes and visitors from around the world. Sochi 2014 (c) IOC On Saturday 26 February 2011, more than a million Russians participated in a live television broadcast, during which a vote was held to choose the mascots for the Sochi Games. The leopard got the most votes, followed by the polar bear and the hare; and these three animals from the Great North and the mountainous regions of Russia would become the mascots of the XXII Olympic Winter Games.   During the Games, tens of thousands of spectators were able to see the mascots, « Белый мишка » (Bieliy Michka, the polar bear), « Леопард » (Leopard, the leopard) and « Зайка » (Zaïka, the hare), but the most spectacular moment was doubtless when they appeared in giant format in the Fisht Stadium during the Closing Ceremony. They gathered in front of a cauldron where the Olympic flame was burning, and the polar bear proceeded to blow out the flame, while, simultaneously, the flame burning outside the Stadium was extinguished. The polar bear then shed a tear in a nod to the Closing Ceremony of Moscow 1980, where the mascot Michka also cried at the end of those Games. London 2012    The London 2012 mascot, Wenlock, takes his name from the town of Much Wenlock in Shropshire, which still hosts the traditional Much Wenlock Games. These were one of Pierre de Coubertin‟s sources of inspiration for the modern Olympic Games. According to the story by Michael Morpurgo, Wenlock's metallic look is explained by the fact that he was made from one of the last drops of steel used to build the Olympic Stadium in London. The light on his head is based on those found on London‟s famous black cabs. The shape of his forehead is identical to that of the Olympic Stadium roof. His eye is the lens of a camera, filming everything he sees. On his wrists, he wears five bracelets in the colours of the Olympic rings. And the three points on his head represent the three places on the podium for the medal winners. (c) IOC Streets, parks and underground station entrances in London were decorated with 84 sculptures of Wenlock and the Paralympic mascot Mandeville standing 2 metres 30 tall and each weighing a ton, to help guide tourists during the Games. These sculptures were decorated by 22 designers to reflect their surroundings.    The mascots were chosen in a competition launched in 2008. More than 100 designers, artists and agencies submitted proposals. Wenlock and Mandeville were chosen from a series of designs which included a humanised pigeon, an animated teacup and representations of Big Ben featuring arms and legs.  Vancouver 2010   (c) K


What is the name of the current Downing Street cat?

Larry the cat joins David Cameron in Downing Street - BBC News BBC News Larry the cat joins David Cameron in Downing Street 15 February 2011 From the section UK Politics comments Close share panel Media captionLarry, meeting the press before heading to No 10, is said to be family friendly David Cameron has welcomed a cat to Downing Street in an effort to deal with No 10's rat problem. The four-year old tabby, called Larry, was at London's Battersea Dogs and Cats Home before moving in to the UK Prime Minister's home. The arrival follows weeks of speculation about potential pest control measures after a large black rat was seen scuttling past No 10. A Downing Street spokesman said the former stray was a "good ratter". Larry arrived via van shortly after 1300 GMT, and was carried into Number 10 in a covered cage. According to Downing Street, the animal has "a high chase-drive and hunting instinct", developed during his time on the streets. DOWNING STREET CATS 1930s and 1940s - Munich Mouser 1970s - Wilberforce 2007 - Sybil 2011 - Larry A spokesman said he had also shown "a very strong predatory drive" and enjoyed playing with toy mice. In a statement Mr Cameron said: "I'm delighted to welcome Larry to his new home. "He came highly recommended to me by Battersea Dogs and Cats Home, who did a fantastic job looking after him. "I'm sure he will be a great addition to Downing Street and will charm our many visitors." And the PM's official spokesman later reported Larry had slept through most of his first afternoon in Westminster, saying he "seems relaxed and easy going". But the animal appeared to bely his reputation as gentle when he scratched reporters from ITV News and Sky News who tried to hold him as part of their reports. Image caption Larry arrived in a cat basket which was covered as he was carried past the waiting press pack Given his exalted status among the nation's pest controllers, Larry's name is appropriately a shortened version of Lawrence, meaning "laurel-crowned". He is the latest in a long line of Downing Street cats, known unofficially as Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office. Humphrey was adopted in 1989 after wandering into No 10 as a stray while Margaret Thatcher was prime minister, and remained throughout the administration of John Major. He moved out six months after Labour's 1997 general election win, with Tony Blair's wife Cherie denying reports that her dislike for the animal was to blame. Humphrey died in March 2006 at the home of a civil servant who had cared for him during his "retirement". The last feline to live in Downing Street was former Chancellor Alistair Darling's cat Sybil. She reportedly did not adapt well to life in central London and moved to Mr Darling's Scottish residence. Media captionThe rodent made its move during a broadcast by the BBC's political correspondent Gary O'Donoghue. (First broadcast in January) During the 1920s, Labour Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's cat - a renowned rat-catcher - had the rather regal title of Rufus of England, but was nicknamed "Treasury Bill". Another, the topically named Munich Mouser, is mentioned as being "in office" under Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill during the 1930s and early 1940s. During Tory Edward Heath's premiership in the 1970s, a kitten called Wilberforce was acquired from the RSPCA. He retired in 1986, with Margaret Thatcher reported to have bought him a tin of sardines during a trip to Moscow.


In cricket who was known as 'Whispering Death'?

'Whispering Death' delivers a chilling verdict - Telegraph 'Whispering Death' delivers a chilling verdict High-five: Malcolm Marshall (left) and Michael Holding  By James Mossop 12:01AM BST 25 Jul 2004 They had a bowler known as 'Whispering Death' and their followers produced the mocking 'blackwash' banner as the West Indies came to Lord's on their way to a 5-0 series win. It was 20 years ago. Opening batsman Gordon Greenidge hit double centuries in the second and fourth Tests; strike bowlers Malcolm Marshall, Michael Holding and Joel Garner, were so violently accurate that the doyen of cricket writers, John Woodcock wrote in The Times: "Their pacemen have brought a new, and dare I say it, chilling dimension to the game. Batsmen, however protected, face them at their peril." Their inheritors have been struggling but their batsman, led by vice-captain Shivnarine Chanderpaul, were making a game of it yesterday. Somebody had to because of the way they allowed England to take control on Thursday when the Windies bowled and fielded as a leaderless rabble. There were times when you could have pulled a better fielding side from the media centre and the hospitality boxes - Sir Viv Richards, Clive Lloyd, Holding (old Whispering Death himself), Ian Bishop, Garner and so on. Related Articles A win for England maybe at a cost 25 Jul 2004 Why is this team, led by an unconventional captain who is a genius with the bat, Brian Lara, below par? Many West Indians agree despite yesterday's batting recovery on a docile wicket. Holding's view: "The West Indies team in the late Seventies and Eighties was abnormal. That doesn't happen with any team on a regular basis. A lot of people are judging the current or even recent West Indies teams on those standards, which is unfair. "The main problem is in our bowling department where there is a lack of talent. There are a few youngsters who, with proper nurturing, could develop into reasonable bowlers although they will not be world beaters. Our next problem is not having a real team in the true sense of the word. It is frustrating because I know there is a lot of talent out there, especially in the batting department but even that is not consistent." There was sympathy from another former fast bowler, Bishop, who said: "This is a young team. You had [Courtney] Walsh and [Curtly] Ambrose exiting after the last tour in 2000 so in that sense you were left with the remnants of a good team in Brian Lara and Ridley Jacobs with all the other guys trying to make a name for themselves and they have struggled. "I find it frustrating that the talent is not living up to its potential. I know they can be better and follow the great tradition." Tony Cozier, for decades the informed voice of Caribbean cricket in print and as a broadcaster, added: "There are a lot of reasons why the talent hasn't come through. There is talent but they don't have the advantage of playing county cricket as they used to, or even league cricket. "All the great and outstanding players had their final development in English cricket in the leagues or in county cricket. These days a West Indian playing in the Lancashire leagues would be a rarity. At the moment there are just two in county cricket, Carl Hooper [Lancashire] and Nixon McLean [Somerset], but in the Seventies, Warwickshire had Kanhai, Lance Gibbs and Deryck Murray. Somerset had Viv Richards and Joel Garner. Other counties had one or two Caribbean players. "The majority of players under Clive Lloyd's captaincy would have been involved in county cricket which meant they visited Lord's several times. They knew what to expect. All these bowlers today are playing in their first Test match in England on their first trip to England. "We have become very slack. Our coaching methods are bad at all levels. Our fielding is absolutely abysmal. We set fielding standards in the Seventies. We have lost the work ethic. Maybe it's the overall attitude in the Caribbean at the moment where young people don't want to work. The ethic is not what it should be."


Sambar | Far Cry Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia A Sambar is an animal that lives in Kyrat in Far Cry 4 . Biology The Sambar is a herbivore, with a diet consisting of a variety of plants and is never found far away from a source of fresh water. The Sambar deer can easily swim with its body fully submerged and only its head above water (Though in game they are found in mountain regions as well). While Sambar may seem timid at a distance, and will often avoid confrontation, they have been known to act aggressively during mating season. During fights, stags have been known to lock antlers and rut, but have also been known to rise on their hind legs and crash downwards into their opponents. Female Sambar deer keep in small groups that are often dominated by a single female, similar to an elephant matriarch, with larger groups near large watering holes. Young males group together close to females, however males over six years typically become solitary. Sambar are fairly shy and are most often, active at twilight or at night (Not shown in game). Sambar are one of the few type of deer that attacks predators. Female Sambar are also incredibly protective of young and will stomp and warn off attackers. Predators The Sambar have many predators in the Kyrat they include leopards , tigers and wolves . Due to this, and overhunting by man, Sambars have a high mortality rate which mean high reproduction is necessary. Because the Sambar is a key source of food and medical value across Asia, combined with habitat loss and deforestation, there has been a 50% decline over the past couple of years. Habitat The Sambar is flexible in its habitat requirements. It prefers forested landscapes, but it is commonly found near water, where it can forage for water plants.


Which city in Scotland styles itself as the City of Discovery?

Edinburgh travel guide - Wikitravel Understand[ edit ] Edinburgh is on the west coast of Scotland's east Lowlands, situated on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh's landscape is the product of ancient volcanism (both the Castle crag and Arthur's Seat are the eroded plugs of volcanoes) and more recent glaciation (carving out valleys south of the castle and the old Nor'Loch, presently the site of the Princes Street Gardens). Impress the locals by knowing that Princes Street is the correct spelling (dedicated plurally and not possessively for King George III's sons - hence the absence of an apostrophe). Don't make the mistake of pronouncing it Princess Street. And watch out for these two commonly mis-pronounced streets as well: Cockburn (coe-burn) and Buccleuch (buh-clue) are nearly always got wrong, to the amusement of the locals. Orientation[ edit ] Edinburgh's historic centre is bisected by Princes Street Gardens, a broad swathe of parkland in the heart of the city. Southwards of the gardens is the castle, perched on top of an extinct volcanic crag, and flanked by the medieval streets of the Old Town following the Royal Mile along the ridge to the east. To the north of Princes Street Gardens lies Princes Street itself - Edinburgh's main shopping boulevard - and the Georgian period New Town , built after 1766 on a regular grid plan. History[ edit ] Evidence suggests that humans have inhabited Edinburgh for millennia. Archeological findings indicate that humans lived in the area as early as 8500 BC, approximately 5,000 years before the Bronze Age. In the 600’s, one of the first forts was erected. In the seventh century, the English invaded and named it “Eiden’s Burgh.” “Burgh” being a word for fort. A few centuries later, the Scots reclaimed their land and a castle was built. A small town sprang up, and by the 12th century, Edinburgh had become a thriving community. The pattern of England gaining control of Edinburgh, being tossed out by the Scots, marshaling their troops, and marching back into battle repeated itself many times over the years. One battle, led by William Wallace, was made famous in the 1995 movie Braveheart. Upon Wallace’s resignation, the Scots nobles chose Robert the Bruce and John Comyn as the Guardians of Scotland. Bruce promptly murdered his rival, and in 1306, had himself crowned king. Under Bruce’s leadership, England signed a treaty giving Scotland its independence and acknowledging Bruce as king. As a result of a charter written by Bruce shortly before his death, Edinburgh became one of Scotland’s most important royal burghs. When he died, England and Scotland promptly resumed their battles. In the 15th century, Scotland and England became inextricably linked when the Scottish King James IV married the Tudor daughter of the English King Henry VII. James embodied the term “Renaissance Man.” During his reign the arts and sciences flourished. Unfortunately, the peaceful times didn't last long. The French persuaded James to go to war against his own in-laws and the battles raged again. By the end of the 17th century, Edinburgh was in shambles. Its population had been severely decimated, first by plague and later by famine. Civil wars had left the economy in ruin. Edinburgh was unsanitary and overcrowded. England and Scotland agreed that peace was the only way out. The Act of Union was signed in 1707. Scotland was now governed by the same parliament and sovereign as England, but retained its own church and legal system. Edinburgh began to flourish in the 18th century. “New Town” was designed to allow expansion out from the overcrowded and unsanitary conditions. The town gave birth to philosophers, physicists and chemists and the Scottish crown jewels were put on display in Edinburgh Castle. In the 1800’s, the Industrial Revolution introduced the citizens of Edinburgh to new industries. The population quadrupled, to a number almost equal to what it is today. Scotsman Robert Louis Stevenson published his classic works Treasure Island and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. As the


Prior to Arsenal in 2004 which is the only other team to win the League (Div 1) without a defeat?

Arsenal in the Record Books 853 mins ( Jens Lehmann ) Achieved over 3 seasons from 2004-05 through the whole of 2005-06 and ending in the last minute of his first match of 2006-07 . Lehmann conceded in the 3-1 loss to Bayern_Munich that put us out at the first knockout stage in the first of these seasons, but kept a clean sheet in the return leg . He was suspended for the first 2 matches of the following season (in both of which, his stand-in Manuel Almunia did concede), then returned to become part of the record-breaking defence that kept 10 clean sheets in a row in the 2005-06 season. It ended with Hamburg's consolation goal in the first match of the group stage on 13/09/2006 , Lehmann having again missed the first 2 games (the qualifying round matches against Dinamo Zagreb) through suspension. The suspension had been accrued thanks to Jens' early sending off in the 2006 final which was lost to 2 goals scored while Manuel Almunia was, again, standing in. Previously, the record had been held by Edwin van der Sar, back when he was playing for Ajax before moving to the Premiership with Fulham . His record of 658 minutes fell to Lehmann 6 minutes into the second leg of the semi-final , against Villarreal on 25th April 2006. Longest unbeaten away sequence in English league football: 27 Starting with a 1-all draw at Villa on 5th April 2003, add the remaining 3 away games of that season , the whole of the next season (another 19 matches), and the first 4 away games of 2004-05. The run was ended by the 2-0 defeat at Old Trafford on 24th October 2004. The previous Premiership record was 23, also by Arsenal, spanning the whole of the 2001-2002 season , and into 2002/03 , ended with the 2-1 loss at Everton on 19th October 2002 This is an English league (as well as top-flight and Premiership) record. Before Wenger's Arsenal, the record was 22, set by Nottingham Forest (Nov 1977 to Dec 1978) Longest unbeaten home sequence in Premiership: 33 The sequence started with the last home game of 2002-03, included all 19 of 2003-04, and continued into 2004-05 up to the 4-2 loss to Man Utd on 1st February. This beat our own previous record set in 1997-1999, starting with a win over Leicester on Boxing Day 1997 (thanks to a bizarre own goal by Steve Walsh), lasting through the whole of the 1998-99 season , to a 2-1 win over Leicester on 7th August 1999, and ended by a 2-1 defeat to Man Utd on 22nd August. The top-flight and overall English league record is a bit further off. Between January 1978 and January 1981, Liverpool went 63 home league games without losing! Fewest defeats in top-flight English season: 0 The unbeaten 2003-2004 season set a new standard for consistency at the top level of English football. This equalled the record of zero losses which was set by the Preston North End "Invincibles" in 1888-1889, but they only had to play 22 matches, against geezers in hats, so no-one considers it to be half the achievement of Wenger's Arsenal (although to be fair to PNE, they were truly "invincible" that season since they won the double, and they did also score more goals than us (74 in the league). The previous modern-day record was 1, established by Arsenal in the championship-winning 1990-1991 season. Longest unbeaten start to season: 38 Reached 38 in finishing the 2003-2004 season unbeaten , see above. The previous top-flight record was 29, achieved by Leeds (1973-74) and Liverpool (1987-88), both in the old Division 1. Previous Premiership record was 12, also held by Arsenal (in 1997-98 ), but jointly with Villa (1998-99), Forest (1995-96), and Liverpool (2002-03). Arsenal's previous best start to the season was the 23 games unbeaten at the start of 1990-91. The second-best, 17 games, was in 1947-48. We won the title both times. Longest unbeaten sequence in a season: 38 Again, achieved in the unbeaten 2003-2004 season. The previous record was 30, achieved by Burnley (1920-21) in the old division 1. It is possible that this record could be broken in a lower division than the Premiership, without a team goin