The Great Fire of London in 1666 happened when which King was on the British throne?

The Great Fire of London of 1666 - History Learning Site Home   »   Stuart England   »  The Great Fire of London of 1666 The Great Fire of London of 1666 Citation: C N Trueman "The Great Fire of London of 1666" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 16 Aug 2016. The Great Fire of London of September 1666 was one of the most famous incidents in Stuart England. It was the second tragedy to hit the city in the space of 12 months. Just as the city was recovering from the Great Plague, the inhabitants had to flee the city once again – this time not as a result of a disease, but the result of as human accident. The Great Fire of London, arguably, left a far greater mark on the city when compared to the plague. The facts about the fire are simple: The fire started in Pudding Lane The fire started in a baker’s shop owned by Thomas Farriner – who was the king’s baker His maid failed to put out the ovens at the end of the night. The heat created by the ovens caused sparks to ignite the wooden home of Farriner. In her panic, the maid tried to climb out of the building but failed. She was one of the few victims of the fire. Once it started, the fire spread quickly. The city was basically made out of wood and with September following on from the summer, the city was very dry. Strong winds fanned the flames Despite the evidence to the contrary, the Lord Mayor was not too concerned by what he was told. “A woman could piss it out” was his apparent comment when he was told that the fire was a cause for concern. Those who could get out of the city did so. Many gathered on nearby heaths such as Hampstead. Here they were safe but they also got a good view of the destruction of the fire. In 1665, during the plague, the king, Charles II, had fled London. Many would have liked to have done the same and few criticised the king when he did leave for the countryside. However, in September 1666, he stayed in London and took charge of the operation to save the city. His plan was to create fire- breaks. This required knocking down perfectly good buildings but starving the fire of the wood it needed to burn. Charles also ordered that navy rations stored in the docks in the East End should be given to those who had fled the city. The heat created by the fire was so great that the lead roof on the old St Paul’s Cathedral melted. Many saw the lead flowing down the streets. It is said that many pigeons lost their lives as they refused to leave their nests and their wing feathers got burned and they plummeted into the fire. But the actual human casualty rate was remarkably small with possibly only 5 people dying in this fire. The greatest fear the authorities had was that the flames might cross the River Thames and set fire to the south side of the city. If it could be kept north of the river, then the authorities could claim a victory. In this they were successful as the weather gave them help. The wind that had helped the fire spread, turned on itself and drove the flames back into what had already been burned. Therefore, the fire had nothing to ignite and the fire died out. The Great Fire had burned down 84 churches and the old St Paul’s. However, it had also destroyed the filthy streets associated the Great Plague. The Fleet, a ‘tributary’ that flowed into the Thames, was nothing more than an open sewer associated with disease and poverty. The fire effectively boiled the Fleet and sterilised it. Slums were simply burned away. In this sense, the fire did London a favour and it was now up to the city’s authority’s to re-build and re-plan the city. This task was given to Sir Christopher Wren. As with the Great Plague of 1665, a great deal of information we have about the Great Fire comes from Samuel Pepys who kept a diary of the event. For the September 2nd entry, he wrote: “September 2nd: Jane (his maid) comes and tells us that she hears that above 300 houses have been burned down by the fire…..poor people staying in their houses as long as till the very fire touched them, and then running into boats or clambering from one pa


What robe is part of Japanese traditional costume?

Kimono, Japanese Kimono, Traditional Kimono, Kimono Robe | Japanese Style LLC Home > Clothing/Accessories > Kimonos Kimonos Are you looking for a kimono for a special event or as a gift? We carry a wide variety of kimonos direct from Japan. Choose from stunning silk or cotton Japanese kimonos in a variety of colors and designs. Our kimonos feature traditional designs such as the crane which symbolizes good fortune and longevity. Many Japanese tales feature dragons, which come to life on our kimonos. Other kimono designs include Japanese fans, Japanese architecture, and traditional Japanese floral prints. Silk or Cotton? When you are shopping for a kimono, it is important to consider the occasion you will be wearing your kimono. Silk kimono are more formal. These kimono are perfect for events and special occasions. Cotton and Cotton Sateen are considered more casual kimono fabrics. The cotton sateen fabric gives the kimono a slight sheen and a cool texture. Many of our kimono feature butterfly sleeves. Browse our listings and feel free to contact us if you have any questions while choosing your new kimono! To learn more about kimonos, please refer to the following articles:


According to Malory and Tennyson who was the son of Lancelot and Elaine, raised by nuns and knighted on his arrival at Camelot?

Galahad | Robbins Library Digital Projects Characters Name Variants: GalaadBackground Essay Author: Kara L. McShane Sir Galahad, the son of Lancelot and Elaine of Corbenic, is best known as the knight who achieves the Holy Grail . When Galahad appears, he is the chief Grail knight; in the French and English traditions, he replaces Perceval in this role. Galahad first appears in the thirteenth-century Vulgate Cycle. The opening part of the Cycle, the Estoire del saint Graal, first mentions Galahad; it predicts his birth and his eventual achievement of the Grail. According to this section of the text, Galahad is ninth in the line of Nascien, who was baptized by Josephus, son of Joseph of Arimathea. This lineage connects Galahad to those who are said to have brought Christianity (and the Grail itself) to Britain. A later section, La Queste del saint Graal, recounts his adventures on the quest, which leads from Arthur's court to the city of Sarras, the earthly home of the Grail, and the place where Galahad dies while contemplating the Grail. Stories of Galahad's adventures are exceptionally consistent; the account of Galahad's quest from Malory’s Morte d'Arthur, "The Noble Tale of the Sankgreal," draws on the major events from the Vulgate Cycle. Malory preserves the prophesy and foretelling that surround Galahad; within the Grail Quest, hermits and other religious figures continually appear to interpret dreams and anticipate upcoming events. Galahad’s birth and achievements are foretold in both the Vulgate Cycle and in Malory; this gives the entire Grail Quest a sense of inevitability. In both Malory and La Queste del saint Graal, Galahad is knighted by Lancelot at a convent in the woods. At the feast of Pentecost, he arrives in Camelot, where... Read Less Sir Galahad, the son of Lancelot and Elaine of Corbenic, is best known as the knight who achieves the Holy Grail . When Galahad appears, he is the chief Grail knight; in the French and English traditions, he replaces Perceval in this role. Galahad first appears in the thirteenth-century Vulgate Cycle. The opening part of the Cycle, the Estoire del saint Graal, first mentions Galahad; it predicts his birth and his eventual achievement of the Grail. According to this section of the text, Galahad is ninth in the line of Nascien, who was baptized by Josephus, son of Joseph of Arimathea. This lineage connects Galahad to those who are said to have brought Christianity (and the Grail itself) to Britain. A later section, La Queste del saint Graal, recounts his adventures on the quest, which leads from Arthur's court to the city of Sarras, the earthly home of the Grail, and the place where Galahad dies while contemplating the Grail. Stories of Galahad's adventures are exceptionally consistent; the account of Galahad's quest from Malory’s Morte d'Arthur, "The Noble Tale of the Sankgreal," draws on the major events from the Vulgate Cycle. Malory preserves the prophesy and foretelling that surround Galahad; within the Grail Quest, hermits and other religious figures continually appear to interpret dreams and anticipate upcoming events. Galahad’s birth and achievements are foretold in both the Vulgate Cycle and in Malory; this gives the entire Grail Quest a sense of inevitability. In both Malory and La Queste del saint Graal, Galahad is knighted by Lancelot at a convent in the woods. At the feast of Pentecost, he arrives in Camelot, where he is able to sit in the Siege Perilous , an act which demonstrates that he is the knight who will achieve the Grail. After the Grail appears at the Pentecost feast, the knights vow to spend a year and a day seeking the Grail. Galahad sets out on the quest without a shield. Accompanied by King Bademagu, he stops at an abbey, and they learn that the abbey houses a white shield marked with the blood of Galahad’s ancestor, Josephus. When Bademagu takes the shield from the abbey, a mysterious white knight appears and knocks him from his horse; the white knight’s squire then brings the shield to Galahad. The shield is meant exclusively for Galahad and will


In 2003, Kate Winslet married (and subsequently had two children with) whom?

Kate Winslet 'marries Ned RocknRoll in romantic secret ceremony' - Telegraph Celebrity news Kate Winslet 'marries Ned RocknRoll in romantic secret ceremony' Actress Kate Winslet has married her third husband Ned RocknRoll in a secret  ceremony, as she was given away by former co-star and best friend Leonardo  DiCaprio. Kate Winslet has married Ned RocknRoll in a secret ceremony Photo: REX Follow The Oscar-winning actress is understood to have married boyfriend Ned RocknRoll in an intimate ceremony in New York. Arrangements for the marriage were kept so secret that even the couple's parents were not aware of it, according to the Sun newspaper. Kate Winslet with her husband Ned Rocknroll (Reuters) Winslet, 37, is reported to have been given away by her Titanic co-star Leonardo DiCaprio, with whom she enjoys a close friendship. A spokeswoman for Winslet this morning said: "I can confirm that Kate Winslet married Ned Rocknroll in New York earlier this month in a private ceremony attended by her two children and a very few friends and family. Related Articles 09 Oct 2011 "The couple have been engaged since the summer." RocknRoll, the nephew of Sir Richard Branson who changed his name from Abel Smith, is Winslet's third husband. According to the newspaper, the "romantic, private" ceremony took place in a converted barn in New York, with just six close friends from either side present. Winslet's two children from her former marriages also attended, along with RocknRoll's brother Jack. Winslet is reported to have been given away by her Titanic co-star Leonardo DiCaprio A source told the Sun the marriage had always been "on the cards", with the couple discussing it seriously over the last few months. "They had been planning it for a while," the unnamed source said. "They are both so happy and very much in love. Kate is very private and didn't want anyone to know." He added Winslet had "never looked so happy", with the couple's relationship being "full steam ahead" from the beginning. The actress, who won the Best Actress Oscar in 2009 for her performance as a former Nazi concentration camp guard in The Reader, was previously married to Jim Threapleton, a film director, by whom she has a daughter, Mia, who turns 12 next month. They divorced in 2001 after three years. Kate Winslet has been married to James Threapleton (left) and to director Sam Mendes (right) (Reuters) In 2003, she married director Sam Mendes on a Caribbean island, going on to have son Joe Alfie. The pair divorced in 2010. Rocknroll, 34, who works for his uncle’s space venture Virgin Galactic, has previously been married to Eliza Pearson, the eldest daughter of Viscount Cowdray. Winslet and RocknRoll moved in together in September of this year, buying a 15th-century house in a hamlet in West Sussex for £2 million.


What equipment is used in a tug o war contest?

Tug of War Rope Safety Information, Rules, and Low Rope Prices CALL NOW Manila Tug of War Rope - Best for World Championships, Best for Children's Parties Manila tug of war rope is the only type allowed by the Tug of War International Federation (TWIF), which organizes and establishes the rules for world championship games. If you'd like to visit the federation website, follow the link at the bottom of this page. The TWIF rules for international competition say tug of war rope should be from 10 to 12.5 centimeters in circumference (about 1 1/2" diameter), at least 33.5 meters (about 110 feet) long (there are eight pullers on each team), and have plain whipped ends. Loops, knots, or other holdings are not allowed – and wrapping the rope around the hands or any other part of the body is considered creating a “loop” (there’s an exception for the anchor, or end puller, but even then the wrap is not tied, spliced, or otherwise locked - so it can be released quickly). It makes sense to vary from certain parts of these specifications for games at picnics or children's birthday parties. The diameter can be reduced for small hands, and the length can be adjusted based on the size and number of participants and space available. Whether working with children or adults, game organizers should take the time to go over safety concerns with the participants. Never make a loop by wrapping the rope around the hand to get a better grip Especially, but not exclusively, when using a tug of war rope with a smooth or slippery surface, there is a temptation to wrap it around ones hand to get a better grip. In addition to being against the rules, which state the rope should be held using a natural grip, with both palms facing upward and the fingers wrapped around the rope, looping the rope around ones hand is extremely dangerous. Imagine being dragged along the ground because you can't release the rope. Even worse - On October 12, 2007 two high school students had their hands partially amputated during a tug of war game because they had the rope wrapped around their hands. For more information,  click here. Never use any type of rope other than natural manila While all synthetics fall short of Manila for tug of war ropes, nylon is probably the worst choice: A stretched nylon rope can recoil like a rubber band if released causing serious injury or worse. Natural manila fiber absorbs sweat, so the surface doesn’t get slippery when it’s in use. Unmanila (tan polypropylene, the least absorbent fiber) doesn’t, so it can become slippery, even though it has a ‘twisted rope’ surface and looks similar to the real thing. All of our products are shipped within 1-2 business days. To order by phone, call 1-800-875-8719, or order online below. Should a product be out of stock, we'll notify you of the delay immediately. If that happens (not likely), we will ask if you prefer to cancel your order. WOW!


What is the world's smallest island nation, covering 21 square kilometres (8.1 square miles)?

Nauru - TIGHAR Nauru Jump to: navigation , search "Nauru ..., officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island nation in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, 300 km to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest island nation, covering just 21 square kilometres (8.1 sq mi)." [1] The radio station on Nauru heard Earhart transmit “Ship in sight ahead” at 1030 GMT on 3105 kcs. Harold John Barnes was in charge of the navigation station on Nauru during the fatal flight . He may have met Earhart and there is a legend (family anecdote?) that she tried to contact him. He was not on duty when the message above was received. Night light Sometime during June 30, Earhart received this message from Nauru: [2] New Nauru fixed light 0.32°S, 16.55°E [sic], 5000 candlepower, 5600 [sic – 560] above sea level, visible from ships to naked eye at 34 miles. Also, there will be a bright lighting all night on island from phosphate field workings. Weather 8AM: Baro 29.908, therm 84, wind SE at 3, fine but cloudy, sea smooth to moderate.


"Tom Cruise played which role in the 1996 film ""Jerry Maguire""?"

Jerry Maguire (1996) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error When a sports agent has a moral epiphany and is fired for expressing it, he decides to put his new philosophy to the test as an independent with the only athlete who stays with him. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC What Makes the Golden Globe Awards So Entertaining? IMDb Special Correspondent Dave Karger breaks down why the Golden Globes are so much more entertaining than other award shows. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 5 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. a list of 40 titles created 20 Mar 2011 a list of 24 titles created 11 Sep 2011 a list of 37 titles created 04 Mar 2012 a list of 36 titles created 18 Mar 2012 a list of 41 titles created 24 Jan 2013 Search for " Jerry Maguire " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    25 wins & 37 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Neo military lawyer Kaffee defends Marines accused of murder; they contend they were acting under orders. Director: Rob Reiner As students at the United States Navy's elite fighter weapons school compete to be best in the class, one daring young pilot learns a few things from a civilian instructor that are not taught in the classroom. Director: Tony Scott A young lawyer joins a prestigious law firm only to discover that it has a sinister dark side. Director: Sydney Pollack A self-indulgent and vain publishing magnate finds his privileged life upended after a vehicular accident with a resentful lover. Director: Cameron Crowe The biography of Ron Kovic. Paralyzed in the Vietnam war, he becomes an anti-war and pro-human rights political activist after feeling betrayed by the country he fought for. Director: Oliver Stone A young hot-shot stock car driver gets his chance to compete at the top level. Director: Tony Scott A talented New York City bartender takes a job at a bar in Jamaica and falls in love. Director: Roger Donaldson A cab driver finds himself the hostage of an engaging contract killer as he makes his rounds from hit to hit during one night in Los Angeles. Director: Michael Mann An American agent, under false suspicion of disloyalty, must discover and expose the real spy without the help of his organization. Director: Brian De Palma A vampire tells his epic life story: love, betrayal, loneliness, and hunger. Director: Neil Jordan Selfish yuppie Charlie Babbitt's father left a fortune to his savant brother Raymond and a pittance to Charlie; they travel cross-country. Director: Barry Levinson An American military advisor embraces the Samurai culture he was hired to destroy after he is captured in battle. Director: Edward Zwick Edit Storyline Jerry Maguire (Tom Cruise) is a successful sports agent. The biggest clients, the respect, a beautiful fiancée, he has it all. Until one night he questions his purpose. His place in the world, and finally comes to terms with what's wrong with his career and life. Recording all his thoughts in a mission statement Jerry feels he has a new lease on life. Unfortunately his opinions aren't met with enthusiasm from his superiors and after dishonorably being stripped of his high earning clients and elite status within the agency Jerry steps out into the sports business armed with only one volatile client (Cuba Gooding Jr.) and the only person with belief in his abilities (Renée Zellweger) with the impossible task of rebuilding what he once had. Along the way he faces the harsh truths which he'd ignored in the past and a host of hardships that he'd never faced before. Written by Hax_9 Everybody loved him... Everybody disappeared. See more  » Genres: Rated R for language and sexuality | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 13 December 1996 (US


A drake is the adult male of which bird?

Drake Duck Definition - Bird Genders Drake Duck Definition Bird Vocabulary - C-D Drake Duck Definition Many drakes are brilliantly colored and may have showy plumes or oddly shaped feathers.  Photo © David Fant Flickr/CC by 2.0 Updated September 28, 2016. Definition: (noun) A drake is a fully sexually mature adult male duck of any duck species , wild or domestic , though males do not have to have attracted a mate or sired ducklings in order to be called drakes. The term drake refers exclusively to males while the term duck can refer to either gender, and the term hen refers exclusively to females. Immature birds of either gender are called ducklings, not drakes or hens. Pronunciation: (rhymes with lake, fake and bake) About Drakes For many ducks native to the Northern Hemisphere, a drake can look significantly different than hens of the same species. In addition to some minor size differences, males often have more vibrantly colored plumage, including bolder color patches, greater contrast, more elaborate markings and even iridescent patches. Males' bills may also be more brightly colored than females. Particularly for dabbling duck drakes, these differences contrast boldly and make it easy to tell the duck genders apart. continue reading below our video 5 Hobbies That Look Good on Your Resume Examples of strongly dimorphic drakes include... The boldly painted and elaborately marked harlequin duck The strong color pattern and bright eye of the northern shoveler The bright blue bill and chestnut body of male ruddy ducks The rainbow-like colors and bulbous bill of the king eider The pied and iridescent colors of the tiny bufflehead In each of these cases, and many others, females are much more camouflaged, though they may still have some distinct markings. Females are generally less bold and colorful, with neutral plumage in concealing hues such as brown, black, buff, gray and similar earth tones. Their bills, eyes, legs and feet may also be more muted than their male counterparts, and their markings are not usually as well defined. For many similar duck species, females may be very challenging to tell apart, while males can be instantly identified. Many male ducks also have oddly shaped feathers that attract additional attention to their plumage. Familiar examples include... The tightly upward curled tail of the mallard The wide fan or sail feathers of the mandarin duck The long, iridescent crest of the wood duck The long, sharp tail of the northern pintail The thick, arcing hood of the hooded merganser These unusual feather shapes and bright colors are critical for attracting mates and showing off strength and health to defend a territory. Both the colors and the unique feathers often play critical roles in courtship displays . Males will use postures and movements that show off their feather colors and specialized shapes in order to attract the attention of desirable females. While dabbling ducks often have the most vibrant visual contrasts between genders, male ducks of any type - mergansers, stifftails, whistling-ducks, etc. - are all called drakes. The term is not used for other waterfowl, however; male swans, geese, coots and similar birds are never called drakes. When Drakes Look Like Hens For a brief period after the breeding season, many male ducks molt to an eclipse plumage that more closely resembles the camouflaged colors of the females. During that short period they are flightless and more vulnerable to predators, including hunters and poachers. For protection, eclipse males may gather in all-male flocks or may opt to stay in more densely vegetated, isolated habitat where they are more easily concealed. Fortunately, this flightless period is short and drakes quickly replace their full, colorful plumage and flight abilities. The exception is some of the most elaborate feathers or plumes, which may take longer to regrow and may only reappear just before the next breeding season begins. Juvenile males also lack the brighter colors of fully sexually mature birds, and will not develop any specialized feathers unti


Prior to the coming of William the Conqueror in 1066 where was the capital of England situated?

William I I KING I Christine Lady Hugh Half sister of "The Conqueror" King of England - Bashor Web Site - MyHeritage William I I KING I Christine Lady Hugh Half sister of "The Conqueror" King of England Born: Sep 9 1087 (at age 62) In: Timeline Immediate family Robert I The Magnificent of "The Guillaume Hiemes bastard Richard III Geoffrey Duke de William (The Conqueror Normandy Harold Bl De Normandy His father Lesceline DeNormandie His sister Duke of Normandy 1035-1087, and King of England 1066-1087. William I, King of England; William II of Normandy.   From Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Article entitled William I, The Conquerer:   "Reigned 1066-1087. Duke of Normandy 1035-1087. Invaded England defeated and killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King. The Norman conquest of England was completed by 1072 aided by the establishment of feudalism under which his followers were granted land in return for pledges of service and loyalty. As King William was noted for his efficient if harsh rule. His administration relied upon Norman and other foreign personnell especially Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury.   "The arrival and conquest of William and the Normans radically altered the course of English history. Rather than attempt a wholesale replacement of Anglo-Saxon law, William fused continental practices with native custom. By disenfranchising Anglo-Saxon landowners, he instituted a brand of feudalism in England that strengthened the monarchy. Villages and manors were given a large degree of autonomy in local affairs in return for military service and monetary payments. The Anglo-Saxon office of sheriff was greatly enhanced: sheriffs arbitrated legal cases in the shire courts on behalf of the king, extracted tax payments and were generally responsible for keeping the peace. "The Domesday Book" was commissioned in 1085 as a survey of land ownership to assess property and establish a tax base.   "Within the regions covered by the Domesday survey, the dominance of the Norman king and his nobility are revealed: only two Anglo-Saxon barons that held lands before 1066 retained those lands twentyyears later. All landowners were summoned to pay homage to William in 1086. William imported an Italian, Lanfranc, to take the position of Archbishop of Canterbury; Lanfranc reorganized the English Church, establishing separate Church courts to deal with infractions of Canon law. Although he began the invasion with papal support, William refused to let the church dictate policy within English andNorman borders. He died as he had lived: an inveterate warrior. He died September 9, 1087 from complications of a wound he received in a siege on the town of Mantes."   William the Conqueror, (less flatteringly) known as William the Bastard, was the first of the Norman kings of England. He was the illegitimate son of Robert "the Devil," Duke of Normandy, by Harletteor Herleve de Falaise, daughter of a Norman tanner. William was acknowledged by the Norman nobility as successor to his father in 1034, but when Robert died in 1035 William found himself in a battle for power from which he barely escaped with his life. Several of his guardians were less fortunate -- two were murdered, another poisoned, and one killed in the very room in which William was sleeping.   King Henry I of France came to William's aid, and the rebels were defeated at Val-es-Dunes in 1047. Between that time and 1064 he steadily solidified his support and power within Normandy, and alliedhimself to Flanders by marriage to Matilda in 1051. How William maneuvered himself into the position of conquering England is uncertain. Post-conquest Norman apologists claim that the king of England, the childless Edward the Confessor, offered William the inheritance in 1052; but that is not certain. Edward had closer male relatives than William, and it seems unlikely (especially as Edward himself had just remarried and had presumably some hopes for a male heir) that he would have so capriciously have closed his options. In fact, given that all of the historians at the ti


"Which standard recurring character Batman comic book character did not appear in the film ""Batman"" (1989) nor ""Batman Returns"" (1992), but was in ""Batman Forever"" (1995) and ""Batman & Robin"" (1997)?"

Batman: The Animated Series (Western Animation) - TV Tropes Barbara Gordon initially appears only as Commissioner Gordon's daughter, but over the series she transforms into Batgirl and becomes an official member of the Bat-family. From time to time, Harley Quinn as well. Action Series : The show centers on Batman duking it out with Gotham's criminal underworld. Adam Westing : The star of the '60s series and Trope Namer , Adam West , appears as a washed-up actor who played "The Gray Ghost," a fictional superhero whom Bruce Wayne idolized as a child. The dramatic variant of the usual Adam-West-as-himself gag works, and this rendition is a more sincere experience for West and fans ("So it wasn't all for nothing."). Also doubles as Remake Cameo and Actor Allusion . Part of why this example works as well as it does is because it was made years before Adam West turned it into a running gag on Family Guy and played it dramatic. Adaptation Distillation : The episodic nature replicated the feel of the comics, and the various characters were streamlined into their most efficient archetype. Some episodes that were based on stories from Batman comic books went through this as well. "The Laughing Fish" was a streamlined version of a classic story by Steve Englehart and Marshall Rogers, but the ending (pitting Batman against a shark) was taken from Denny O'Neil's classic "The Joker's Five-Way Revenge". Harley Quinn also had to be shoehorned into the plot since she didn't exist yet when the comic had been written. For whatever reason, Blackgate becomes Stonegate. Killer Croc's last name is "Morgan", not Jones. Adaptational Heroism : In the comics, Hamilton Hill was a Corrupt Politician who was in the pocket of Rupert Thorne. While initially against Batman here, this version of Hill is a good and honest person. The same goes for Harvey Bullock, who initially started a Dirty Cop and pawn of Hill before making a Heelï¿½Face Turn , is an honest cop from day one here. However, as with even post- Heelï¿½Face Turn comics, Bullock is still prone to roughing up suspects. Also, Bullock in this series is usually antagonistic towards Batman for professional reasons (after all, Batman is a vigilante with more resources at his disposal), than because he is corrupt. Adapted Out : Crimes bosses Carmine Falcone and Sal Maroni are nowhere to be seen, with Falcone's role as Gotham City's most powerful crime boss and Maroni's role in Harvey Dent's transformation into Two-Face going to Rupert Thorne. Added Alliterative Appeal : The Penguin uses this a lot. Also, in "Lock-Up", a reporter refers to Poison Ivy as a "villainous vixen of vines". Adult Fear : "See No Evil" is, essentially, the story of a woman dealing with her ex-con ex-husband who keeps breaking into her house and eventually kidnaps her daughter. In "The Underdwellers," Batman is logically angry when the child picks up and plays with a decorative gun on the wall of Wayne Manor, since it could have been loaded. There is also the matter of children being abused, enslaved, and demonstrably tortured. As punishment for talking, a child who has been living underground in the dark is shoved into a brightly-lit room and kept there for several hours. "Be a Clown": The Joker involved in kidnapping and child endangerment. Affably Evil : Catwoman when she's a villain, Harley Quinn most of the time (unless she's really pissed off). Minor villain Roxie Rocket also gets this to a certain extent. A.I. is a Crapshoot : The computer system H.A.R.D.A.C. attempted to replace all of humanity with androids. All According to Plan : "The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne", when Bruce Wayne is chained and Alfred is tied in Doctor Strange's basement: Alfred: Oh master Bruce! I am so sorry, this is all my fault ! The show has a very upbeat theme in Italy. Same with the Arabic theme . Ambiguous Time Period : Intentionally enforced by the creators. Not a single date is given while all the anachronism makes the date impossible to pinpoint. Or at least that's how it was intended. In "The Gray Ghost", a magazine cover has the yea


On which continent are the native fauna called ostrich, lion, giraffe and okapi?

Ostrich | African Wildlife Foundation All Projects Reason #68 to get involved The impala-like kobs inhabit low-lying hills with permanent water sources, restricting them to regions rapidly being populated by humans. Without any designated buffer zones, this vulnerable species is being hunted at an alarming rate. DONATE Reason #67 to get involved Already vulnerable to a number of natural predators, the kudu now faces loss of habitat due to habitat destruction and poaching. When you support African Wildlife Foundation, you support local communities’ efforts to protect wildlife habitats. DONATE Reason #28 to get involved African Wildlife Foundation has helped farmers return to the Congo River as a means of finding new markets for their goods. To improve livelihoods and reduce locals’ reliance on wildlife hunting for survival, efforts like this need continued funding. DONATE Reason #48 to get involved Projects like our Natural Resource Management Plans, which designate zones for wildlife, biodiversity conservation, and tourism development, need funding to continue to benefit the land, wildlife, and local communities. DONATE Reason #83 to get involved Lions attract a huge amount of safari tourism. With less than 21,000 left, the species could fall into extinction, leaving local communities and governments in poverty. DONATE Reason #6 to get involved Your support makes initiatives like the Esilalei Women's Cultural Boma and the Kuku Project possible, allowing women to play an increasing role in Africa’s changing conservation landscape.  DONATE Reason #50 to get involved Fewer than 900 mountain gorillas exist today. They live in areas suffering from the effects of civil war, poverty, poaching, and disease. Help fund efforts that include protecting gorilla habitats and keeping peace between locals and wildlife. DONATE Reason #54 to get involved Once a roaming population of 100,000, lions now number less than 30,000. African Wildlife Foundation funds lion research projects to plan for buffer zones between the species and humans. DONATE Reason #61 to get involved On the brink of extinction in 1996, the West African giraffe population is now steadily growing. However, their habitat in Niger is not formally protected. African Wildlife Foundation needs support funding efforts that reduce human-giraffe conflict within these crucial ecological buffer zones. DONATE Reason #23 to get involved To maintain its livestock business, the Ol Pejeta Conservancy relies on supplies and education we help provide. Earning just US$100,000 in the first 10 months, this conservation enterprise effort is helping to build the local economy.


"What band released the albums ""Wild Life"", ""Red Rose Speedway"", ""At the Speed of Sound"", ""London Town"" and Back to the Egg"" between 1971 and 1979?"

Wings - MusicBrainz Wings Wings 1 Showing official release groups by this artist. Show all release groups instead , or show various artists release groups . Artist information


What year did South African golfer Gary Player first win the PGA Championship?

Golfer Gary Player: Biography and Career Facts • British Open: 1959, 1968, 1974 • PGA Championship: 1962, 1972 • Member, World Golf Hall of Fame • Recipient, South African Sportsman of the Century award • PGA Tour money leader, 1961 • Captain, International team, 2003, 2005, 2007 Presidents Cup Quote, Unquote: • Gary Player: "The harder you practice the luckier you get." • Gary Player: "I've studied golf for almost 50 years now and know a hell of a lot about nothing." continue reading below our video Profile of Jack Nicklaus Trivia: • Gary Player was the only golfer of the 20th Century to win a British Open title in three different decades. • Player holds the record for most times playing in The Masters . He played 52 Masters tournaments, the last in 2009. Gary Player Biography: Gary Player was the first "international" golfer to gain stardom. By "international," we mean non-American and non-European, and we also mean world-traveler. Player, living up to one of his many monickers as "The International Ambassador of Golf," is estimated to have flown more than 15 million miles traversing the globe to play golf tournaments . While countryman Bobby Locke preceded him to the PGA Tour , South African Player was the first international star to build a long-term presence on the PGA Tour, while also playing around the world. Along the way, Player won tournaments in 27 consecutive years, and 163 tournaments total worldwide. Player turned pro in 1953 and joined the PGA Tour in 1957. His first major championship win came at the 1959 British Open , and he was the first non-American to win The Masters when he did so in 1961. The PGA Championship followed in 1962, and when Player won the 1965 U.S. Open he became, at the time, only the third winner of the career grand slam . Throughout the 1960s, Player was part of golf's "Big Three," a group of superstars that also including Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer . The three were friendly rivals both on and off the course for the remainder of their careers, and into the 2010s were still playing the Masters Par-3 Contest together. They also served as honorary starters together at The Masters. The last of Player's nine wins in majors came at the 1978 Masters , where his final-round 64 propelled him from a 7-shot deficit to a 1-stroke victory. Player won the South African Open 13 times; the Australian Open seven times; and the World Match Play Championship five times. He continued winning after joining the Champions Tour in 1985, including six senior majors. Off the course, Player worked behind-the-scenes to improve the racial situation in his native South Africa, which for most of his life existed under the shroud of apartheid. He founded The Player Foundation to promote education among his country's underpriveleged, and the foundation built the Blair Atholl Schools in Johannesburg, which has educational facilities for more than 500 students. Player is a breeder of racehorses and a designer of golf courses, with more than 200 courses around the world. He also has his own wine and apparel labels. Player was also a lifelong fitness buff and promoter of health and fitness initiatives, both inside and outside of golf. In the 2000-oughts, Player three times served as International team captain in the Presidents Cup . All three times the opposing captain was Nicklaus. Nicklaus and Team USA got the better of it twice, but at the 2003 Presidents Cup the captains agreed to call it a tie and share the cup - a first - as darkness fell on the final day with a tie score and a playoff in progress. Gary Player was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974 as part of its first class.


Where is the second regional gallery in the Tate Gallery network, that was opened in 1993?

Tate Gallery | Menu Tate Gallery Tate St Ives is an art gallery in St Ives, Cornwall, England, exhibiting work by modern British artists. The Tate also manages another, earlier, property in St Ives, the Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden which it opened in 1980. The three-storey building, designed by architects Evans and Shalev, lies on the site of an old gas works, overlooking Porthmeor Beach. It was opened in 1993, the second regional gallery in the Tate Gallery network. 


"The libretto for Giacomo Puccini's opera ""Tosca"" was based on a play written by the playwright Victorien Sardou for performance by which actress?"

Classical Net - Basic Repertoire List - Puccini Giacomo Puccini (1858 - 1924) There is little doubt today that of all operatic music, Puccini's is the most universally known; more people know the famous arias from La Boh�me, Madame Butterfly and Turandot than any others, with the single possible exception of those from Carmen – a remarkable achievement considering Puccini's early artistic struggles. Giacomo Puccini (December 22, 1858 – November 29, 1924) was a native of Lucca, born into a family which since the arrival there of a Giacomo Puccini in the 1730s had been involved in the music of the ancient town for five generations. Each generation composed and played the organ for San Martino Cathedral in Lucca. Giacomo was the fifth child of Michele and Albina Puccini, but his father died in 1864 when Giacomo was nearly five years old. Contrary to the monotonous litany of childhood musical prodigies which litter history, Giacomo showed no early interest in music, although everyone in Lucca expected him to. Instead he was a lazy, shiftless boy, poor at schoolwork and apt to play truant. His mother, however, was convinced of his abilities and procured him a tutor at the Conservatorio Musici. This time he made modest progress, becoming a choirboy at San Martino and playing the organ there from the age of 14. By his seventeenth year he had begun writing small compositions. While still 17, Puccini attended a performance of Giuseppe Verdi 's Aïda in Milan; it was this experience which concentrated all his ambitions, convincing him that a career as an opera composer was the only one to consider. For the next four years he studied hard, eventually writing a pleasing Mass in 1860 (later called Messa di Gloria). Puccini spent the next three years at Milan Conservatoire, where he was taught by Antonio Bazzini and Amilcare Ponchielli , and where he undoubtedly suffered privation due to a severe lack of funds, although this is not enough to explain the extraordinary meanness with money which he showed later in life, even when he was very rich. He submitted as his "passing-out" piece the orchestral Capriccio Sinfonico, an attractive and colorful work which Puccini later cannibalized for operas, specifically Edgar and La Boh�me. Having left the Conservatoire, Puccini had to decide how to make a start in opera. An opportunity presented itself when the kindly Ponchielli drew his attention to a one-act opera prize announced by the publisher Sonzogno and arranged for a librettist by the name of Ferdinando Fontana. Puccini wrote Le Villi in such haste to meet the prize's deadline that the score was virtually unreadable, and this poor exhibit was ignored by the judges. Both Fontana and Ponchielli were convinced of its worth, however, and between them they engaged the sympathetic support of the great Verdi librettist and opera composer, Arriago Boito , as well as the enthusiastic backing of Giullo Ricordi, owner of the Ricordi publishing house. A production was mounted in Milan in May 1884, proving an enormous success, with the Corriere della Sera critic commenting: "We sincerely believe that Puccini may be the composer for whom Italy has been waiting a long time". His next opera, Edgar though again given Ricordi's enthusiastic backing, just would not come right, its poorly-executed libretto, grand opera pretensions and melodramatic plot failing to inspire Puccini, despite much hard work. Even after its initial failure in 1889, Puccini continued to revise it, determined not to waste five years of effort. But a failure Edgar has remained to this day. It is a measure of Ricordi's good judgment that he never wavered in his support for Puccini, although even he was unnerved by the composer's next choice of subject, the Abbe Prevost's novella Manon Lescaut, particularly in view of the fact that the story had been given successful operatic form by Jules Massenet in his Paris production of Manon in 1884. Puccini remained unshakeable in his choice, knowing what type of subject most suited his abilities. When it came to establishing an acceptable libre


"Which golfer released the song ""All My Exes Wear Rolexes"" in 2002?"

John Daly's country song 'Hit It Hard' hits the airwaves | PGA.com Wrote Shuda : John is very honest with his music. But if you've ever seen him in an interview you know that's exactly who he is all the time. He's an open book. He's not afraid to talk about the things he's done in his life. He's quite the character and people love it. I think in a way, all of John's fans are inspired by his honesty. The fact that this song is getting played on SiriusXM now caught me off guard. The album that John put out came out back in 2010. Shuda goes on to speculate about why the song is suddenly on satellite radio (perhaps Daly has a friend pushing it?). Though I don't know much about country music, I do know I like this song better than another Daly hit -- "All My Exes Wear Rolexes." Here's Daly covering one of his all-time favorite songs a while back -- "Knockin' on Heaven's Door": T.J. Auclair is a Senior Interactive Producer for PGA.com and has covered professional golf since 1998, traveling to over 60 major championships. You can follow him on Twitter, @tjauclair . Home » Blogs » tj.auclair's blog » John Daly's country song 'Hit It Hard' hits the airwaves The Latest


What instrument is traditionally played by the leader of an orchestra?

Instruments :: Philharmonia Orchestra Bowing Introduction The other strings just fill out the lower harmonies, woodwinds provide pleasantly contrasting timbres, the brass is for added power when you need it and the percussion creates crisper edges and the occasional crash, but there would be no orchestra without the violin at its heart. Or would there? Perhaps it was true once, but certainly since the beginning of the 20th century composers have begun to treat the sections of the orchestra as equal partners and distribute the music accordingly. It is also a fact that in the modern professional orchestra all the players are virtuosos and so less reliance need be placed on the traditionally more agile violins. And what of the sound? The rich low notes can be very vocal and can be easily used to 'tug the heart strings'. They can play very fast and also very high, but it is the endless sustain that characterises all string instruments that enables the violins, in particular, when they all play together, to create a floating effect which is responsible for some of the most sublime moments in music. Indeed it is primarily because people love the effect of massed string sounds that orchestras are so large (the violin is the most numerous of all the strings, with as many as 30 being used for a large orchestral work). The violin is the highest pitched and most agile member of the string family. In a typical orchestra, violins are grouped into Firsts and Seconds. The leader of the First Violins is also the Leader of the Orchestra. Numbers vary, but usually there are sixteen Firsts and fourteen Seconds, seated two to a 'desk'. Construction The violin is basically a small wooden box with strings stretched across the surface, but the finest examples can cost in the region of a million pounds. Every detail of the instrument contributes to its sound and for hundreds of years makers have guarded their secrets from competitors. The bow is an equally important part of the instrument: its weight and balance greatly affects the violin's sound and playability. The bow consists of a wooden stick with horse hair stretched between the two ends. The part of the bow that the player holds is called the frog and the other end, or very tip, of the bow is known as the point. Range The violin is the highest pitched instrument in the string section. It has a resonant lower register and can also reach extremely high notes. As with many orchestral instruments there is no definite top note - it all depends on the skill of the player. There are four strings, usually tuned to G3, D4, A4, E5. Each of the strings has different characteristics which composers exploit when writing music. For example a melody played high up on the G string will have a darker, thicker sound than the same melody at exactly the same pitch played low down on the A string. Bowing The up bow (traveling from point to frog) has a weaker sound than the down bow, and therefore is often used on upbeats. The somewhat heavier down bow (moving from frog to point) is then used to emphasise the down beat in the music. Experienced players can play up and down bows so evenly that it is often impossible to tell which is which just by listening. However, when a particularly heavy attack is required there is no substitute for a strong downbow. Fact File Did you know? A Stradivarius violin holds the world record for the most expensive musical instrument sold at auction, raising 16 million dollars in London in June 2011 to raise money for the tsunami disaster relief fund. Frequency Range


The Jungfrau mountain is in which country?

Jungfrau | mountain, Switzerland | Britannica.com mountain, Switzerland Laki Jungfrau, well-known Swiss peak (13,642 feet [4,158 metres]) dominating the Lauterbrunnen valley and lying 11 miles (18 km) south-southeast of the resort of Interlaken . The scenic mountain separates the cantons of Bern and Valais and is in the Bernese Alps , two other peaks of which (the Finsteraarhorn [14,022 feet] and the Aletschhorn [13,763 feet]) surpass it in height. The first ascent was made in 1811 on the eastern or Valais side by two Swiss brothers, Rudolf and Hieronymus Meyer. It was not until 1865 that two Englishmen made the first ascent from the difficult western, or Interlaken, side, and in 1927 two guides climbed the south side. One of Europe’s highest railways (constructed 1896–1912) cuts a 4.4-mile-long tunnel through the Eiger and Mönch peaks to the Jungfraujoch, a pass (11,335 feet) between the Mönch and Jungfrau peaks. Jungfrau, Switzerland. Securing the Jungfrau railway as the permafrost thaws. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Learn More in these related articles: Bernese Alps segment of the Central Alps lying north of the Upper Rhône River and south of the Brienzer and Thunersee (lakes) in Bern and Valais cantons of southwestern Switzerland. The mountains extend east-northeastward from the bend of the Rhône near Martigny-Ville to Grimsel Pass and Haslital... in William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge ...Alpine study became his main interest. From 1885 he resided in Switzerland. He made his chief ascents between 1865 and 1898 and accomplished the first winter ascent of the 13,642-foot (4,158-metre) Jungfrau in Switzerland (1874). As a historian he was noted for his meticulous scholarship and editing. His books include Guide to Switzerland (1901) and The Alps in Nature and History... 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles Assorted Reference ascent of Coolidge  (in William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge ) External Links Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: February 03, 2015 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Jungfrau-mountain-Switzerland Access Date: January 19, 2017 Share


In ancient Rome, what was the title of a magistrate who was next in importance to a consul?

Praetorship | Article about praetorship by The Free Dictionary Praetorship | Article about praetorship by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/praetorship praetor (prēt`ər), in ancient Rome, originally a consul consul, title of the two chief magistrates of ancient Rome. The institution is supposed to have arisen with the expulsion of the kings, traditionally in 510 B.C., and it was well established by the early 4th cent. B.C. ..... Click the link for more information. , and later a judicial magistrate (from c.366 B.C.). In 242 B.C. two praetors were appointed, the urban praetor (praetor urbanus), deciding cases to which citizens were parties, and the peregrine praetor (praetor peregrinus) deciding cases between foreigners. The urban praetor exercised the functions of the consuls in their absence and of the peregrine praetor when he was holding a military command. Two additional praetors were appointed (227) to administer Sicily and Sardinia, and two more (197) to administer Spain. A principal duty of praetors was the production of the public games. Under the empire the functions of the praetor were gradually taken over by other magistrates. Praetor   a state position in ancient Rome. Initially, in the early republican period, “praetor” was the title of the highest magistrates (consuls and dictators). In 367 (or 366) B.C ., the position of praetor was instituted as a junior colleague of the consul. The praetor managed civil court cases on the basis of the praetorian edict, which he himself issued, and, in the absence of consuls, he had supreme power. In 242 B.C . two praetors were elected: the city praetor (praetor urbanus), who managed court trials among Roman citizens, and a praetor for foreigners (praetor peregrinus). Under Sulla, the number of praetors was increased to eight. After performance of their duties, praetors were sent to the provinces as propraetors or proconsuls. In the time of the empire the highest city officials were also called praetors. praetor , pretor (in ancient Rome) any of several senior magistrates ranking just below the consuls


If Andrew ran 72 miles in 16 hours, on average how many miles did he run per hour?


Where did Henry Ford, in the early twentieth century, establish the Ford Motor Company?

Henry Ford History - The Face of 20th Century Innovation Final WordsFinal Words The Face of 20th Century Innovation Henry Ford is a household name, synonymous with the Ford Motor Company. Perhaps you’re one of the 2 million Ford owners in the U.S. that drives a Ford SUV, truck, or hybrid to work each day. Behind the well-known manufacturing of classic American vehicles is a man responsible for the innovation: Henry Ford. Where did it all begin? How did Henry Ford shape America as we know it today? These lofty questions can be best answered by reviewing Henry Ford’s accomplishments over his lifespan. If you’re unfamiliar with Mr. Ford, he’s celebrated for his career as an American businessman, born in 1863. He’s famous for introducing the Model T car to the U.S., as well as creating Ford Motor Company. Yet these achievements are barely scratching the surface of what Henry Ford contributed to U.S. history. The reason that Henry Ford was so innovative, so courageous, and so willing to pioneer in his field was because he was focused on American independence. Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Company with free enterprise in mind. He not only wanted to succeed as a businessman, but he wanted to promote economic stability in the U.S. Henry achieved this by expanding his company globally, providing jobs for hundreds of thousands of hard-working Americans, and insisting on paying his loyal employees fair wages. Most importantly, let’s not confuse fact with fiction. Henry Ford was not responsible for inventing the automobile or the assembly line. Nonetheless, he was responsible for shaping and engineering both inventions in a way that impacted history. That, friends, is innovation. We’ll cover all this and more in a timeline of Henry Ford’s life and accomplishments: Henry chose to deviate from the path provided by his farmer father and instead pursued his love of machines. Henry Ford was born in Michigan in 1863. Even as a young boy, he had strong leadership characteristics; he spent his time directing his friends to build small-scale steam engines instead of playing with toys. Henry also learned other hands-on tricks of the trade that would serve him well in his future career as an engineer and manufacturer: He was a self-taught watch repairman, which provided a foundational understanding of machine mechanics. Henry left the family farm in 1879 to apprentice with the Michigan Car Company at the tender age of 16. He soon became an operator and repairman of steam engines, as well as a bookkeeper. In this time, Henry established his ability and preference to work independently with the potential to stand out in his industry. After returning to the family farm, Henry married Clara Bryant in 1888. When Henry landed a job as a night engineer with the Edison Electric Illuminating Company, the couple moved back to Detroit in 1891. This new job utilized Henry’s skills as an engineer, while teaching him more of the hands-on trade of electrician. Though Henry was promoted to chief engineer in 1896, he had his sights set higher. He was always drawn to inventing and experimenting, building what were called “horseless carriages” in his tinkering time off-the-clock. Working with other engineer friends, Henry Ford built the first self-propelled car called the Quadricycle in 1896. The Ford Quadricycle ran on four wheels and was steered with a tiller, similar to a boat; the vehicle was able to move forward in two speeds but didn’t have the ability to reverse. Because of his innovation Thomas Edison to present his automotive plans. Ford was asked by Edison to build a second car model in 1898. These seemingly small steps forward in the life of Henry Ford were enough to get the ball rolling. Henry merged his inventive designs with his sharp business sense to establish the Ford Motor Company in 1903. All About the Finally, the Model T Ford, an inexpensive car for every man, was introduced in 1908. At first, the Model T was manufactured in several color options; by the time that 1913 rolled around, Ford chose to produce the Model T in black only. A


In the first two decades of the 20th century a number of European and USA expeditions were made, eventually successfully, to where?

NASA - 50 Years of NASA History 50 Years of NASA History By Steven J. Dick, NASA Chief Historian Fifty years after its founding, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration arguably leads the world in exploration, standing on the shoulders of a long line of explorers throughout history. Its astronauts have circled the world, walked on the moon, piloted the first winged spacecraft, and constructed the International Space Station. Its robotic spacecraft have studied Earth, visited all the planets (and soon the dwarf planet Pluto), imaged the universe at many wavelengths, and peered back to the beginnings of time. Its scramjet aircraft have reached the aeronautical frontier, traveling 7,000 miles per hour, 10 times the speed of sound, setting the world’s record. How did an agency with such varied accomplishments come into existence? Origins Like all historical events, the birth of NASA must be placed in the context of its times. Following World War II, the United States was in direct competition with the Soviet Union (the superpower that in 1991 disbanded into several sovereign nations including the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, the Ukraine, etc.) for the hearts and minds of people around the world. It was not for the most part a shooting war, but a “Cold War,” a test of two very different systems of government. Technology was one means of measuring success and projecting power, and nothing was more powerful than the intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) being developed in the wake of World War II to deliver warheads. It was these missiles that brought human technology to the brink of space, and it was the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik on Oct. 4, 1957, that first put an object into orbit around Earth. Passing overhead with its faint radio signal as people watched and listened, the 183-pound satellite was a powerful symbol. It was followed in November by the even larger Sputnik II, which carried the dog Laika. Only in late January 1958 was the United States able to answer the challenge with Explorer 1, hoisted aloft by the Army’s rocket team led by Wernher von Braun, using rocket technology developed from World War II. Though a small spacecraft weighing only 30 pounds, it discovered what are now known as the Van Allen radiation belts, named for the University of Iowa scientist Dr. James Van Allen, launching the new discipline of space science. Explorer 1 was followed in March by the Navy’s Vanguard 1, 6 inches in diameter and weighing only 3 pounds. NASA’s birth was directly related to the launch of the Sputniks and the ensuing race to demonstrate technological superiority in space. Driven by the competition of the Cold War, on July 29, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, providing for research into the problems of flight within Earth’s atmosphere and in space. After a protracted debate over military versus civilian control of space, the act inaugurated a new civilian agency designated the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The agency began operations on Oct. 1, 1958. NASA began by absorbing the earlier National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), including its 8,000 employees, an annual budget of $100 million, three major research laboratories – the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory in Virginia, the Ames Aeronautical Laboratory in California, and the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in Ohio – and two smaller test facilities. It quickly incorporated other organizations (or parts of them), notably the space science group of the Naval Research Laboratory that formed the core of the new Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., the Jet Propulsion Laboratory managed by the California Institute of Technology for the Army, and the Army Ballistic Missile Agency in Huntsville, Ala., where Wernher von Braun’s team of engineers was developing large rockets. Within months of its creation, NASA began to conduct space missions, and over the last 50 years has undertaken spectacular programs in human spaceflight, robotic spaceflight, and aerona


Solitaire is typically for how many players?

World of Solitaire About World of Solitaire World of Solitaire has over 50 solitaire games, including Spider, Klondike, FreeCell and Pyramid. The site is 100% free, has full undo support, multiple decks, statistics tracking, custom backgrounds and more. Created with HTML5 and JavaScript, this online website works everywhere! My name is Robert and I created World of Solitaire. It started in 2007. My goal was to create a free, high quality, no hassle site to play solitaire on. I was just hoping to have 30 happy players each month. Today, over 250,000 different people come to the site every day! It is absolutely thrilling to me to know that so many people enjoy what I have created. I truly hope that you all continue to enjoy playing here for many years to come. If anyone has any comments, questions, ideas or bugs please e-mail me: robert@telparia.com Offline Version


Lake Chad, the second largest wetland in Africa, is shared by the Republic of Chad, the Republic of Cameroon, Nigeria and which other country?

Lake Chad to be fully protected as international wetlands – National Geographic Society (blogs) More » Cameroon is about to recognize its portion of Lake Chad as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention , the Switzerland-based conservation charity WWF said today. WWF, which partnered with the Lake Chad Basin Commission , the Ramsar Convention and the Global Environment Facility on projects in Lake Chad and with the governments on achieving the declaration, said: “the challenge now is to turn the promise of protection for Lake Chad into a reality for the millions that depend on it.” Surrounded by wetlands, Lake Chad is a crucial watering point for millions of European and west Asian migratory birds that fly over the Sahara Desert–and its basin sustains about 20 million people. But the lake is threatened by creeping desertification and poor management of its water and fisheries, according to WWF. Image by Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC WWF released the news today to mark World Wetlands Day , which celebrates the signing of one of the Convention on Wetlands on February 2, 1971 in the Caspian Sea city of Ramsar, Iran. The convention, known generally as the Ramsar Convention, followed rising concern over the fate of migratory birds and was the first modern international environment treaty, according to WWF. Hausa fishers in Lake Chad. NGS stock photo by Gordon Gahan  “World Wetlands Day is being celebrated with the full recognition of Africa’s Lake Chad as a wetland of international significance, fulfilling an agreement made a decade ago by the four nations that share it,” the organization said in a news statement. “The declaration by the Cameroon Republic that its portion of Africa’s fourth largest lake is being declared a wetland of international importance under the 1971 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands follows similar declarations by Niger and Chad (both in 2001) and Nigeria (2008). “Cameroon’s announcement will also clear the way for Lake Chad to become the largest of the world’s few recognised trans-boundary international wetlands, where countries make a formal agreement for joint protection and management of shared aquatic ecosystems and their resources.” “Lake Chad’s inscription as only the 13th trans-boundary formally recognised wetland is highly significant as 11 of the areas so far declared are in Europe,” said Denis Landenbergue, WWF International’s wetlands conservation manager. “Lake Chad joins the Saloum Delta shared by Senegal and Gambia as only the second such site in Africa.” Hausa fisher on Lake Chad NGS stock photo by Gordon Gahan  Lake Chad is the remnant of a much larger lake known as Mega-Chad which 22,000 years ago drained a greener Sahara and was three times the size of Lake Victoria, now Africa’s largest lake, WWF noted. “It is now the focal point of life in a huge expanse of arid Sahelian Africa. Technically best described as an inland delta, the new internationally protected wetland covers 2.6 million hectares vital to countless birds as well as endangered otters, gazelles and elephants. The Lake is also home to hippopotamuses and Nile Crocodiles.” Lake Chad basin is home to over 20 million people with the majority dependent on the lake and other wetlands for their fishing, hunting, farming and grazing. But the basin is recognized as highly challenged by climate change, desertification and unsustainable management of water resources and fisheries, according to WWF. Since the early 1960s, rainfall over the basin decreased significantly while irrigation increased dramatically over the same period, according to the United Nations Environment Programme . “The lake is especially susceptible to climatic variability as it is rather shallow, with an average depth of 4.11 meters [13.48 feet]. As a result of decreased rainfall and increased water usage, the extent of Lake Chad decreased by 95 per cent over roughly 35 years,” UNEP says on its “ Atlas of Our Changing Environment ” Web site.. Lake Chad supports more than 20 million people. Low rainfall over


Which revered world figure celebrated his 95th birthday, in hospital, in July 2013?

Nelson Mandela Celebrates 95th Birthday in Hospital - Atlanta Black Star Atlanta Black Star Nelson Mandela Celebrates 95th Birthday in Hospital By tweet Nelson Mandela Celebrates 95th Birthday in Hospital For more than a month, former South African president Nelson Mandela has been in critical but stable condition in a Pretoria hospital. Today, July 18, as he celebrates his 95th birthday, there are reports that the anti-apartheid icon is recovering. Earlier this week, Mandela was watching television with headphones on, his daughter Zindzi said in an interview with British Sky News. “I should think he will be going home any time soon,” she said. Although Mandela is still unable to speak, she said he was regaining strength and energy. “He gave us a huge smile and raised his hand,” she said. “He responds with his eyes and his hands.” Nelson Mandela International Day “Mr. Mandela’s birthday is also Nelson Mandela International Day, declared by the United Nations to recognize the Nobel Prize winner’s contribution to reconciliation. The former statesman is revered across the world for his role in ending apartheid in South Africa. He became the first black president in the country’s first all-race elections in 1994. BBC reports that the South Africa’s ruling African National Congress (ANC) said that on this Mandela Day homage was being paid to 95 years of “life well-lived,’ dedicated to the liberation of South Africans and people all over the world.” Pre-birthday wishes stream in for Madiba Among the many millions sending birthday wishes to Madiba, Nelson Mandela’s tribal name , are those from U.S. President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama. The American president and first lady said they were deeply moved by their visit to South Africa’s Robben Island prison where Mandela was imprisoned. They say Mandela’s commitment to equality, dignity and reconciliation should be a beacon for future generations. As reported by news.com.au: “The Obamas say the world can honor Mandela by heeding his example and serving others. The couple met with Mandela’s family last month while in South Africa and visited Robben Island, where the anti-apartheid figure spent 18 years as a political prisoner. The president and first lady say they were deeply moved by the visit to the prison. They say Mandela’s commitment to equality, dignity and reconciliation should be a beacon for future generations.” Happy birthday Nelson Mandela!


"Who made the musical sculptures called ""Pythagoras"", ""Kepler"" & ""Galileo"" that were installed between the tracks of Kendall Station in Cambridge, Massachusetts from 1987 to 2007?"

MIT SHASS: Music   "A Perfect MIT Challenge" Thanks to an ensemble of MIT students with music and engineering backgrounds, a pianist whose staff job is planning Institute concerts, and a saxophone-playing engineering instructor, “Kendall Band,” the interactive sound sculpture beloved by commuters at the Kendall ‘T’ stop, will play again. Designed and installed in 1987 by Paul Matisse, grandson of painter Henri Matisse, the three-instrument “Band” hangs between the in- and out-bound tracks in Kendall Station. Individual instruments are named for mathematicians involved in music, and they’re activated by handy trackside levers. “Pythagoras,” a series of cylindrical bells and rubber bell-strikers; “Kepler,” a large steel ring that’s hit by a hammer, and “Galileo,” a steel thunder sheet shaken by ceiling cables, comprise the work. “Band” fell silent about two years ago as the user-friendly levers wore out. In previous years, Matisse repaired and maintained the popular artwork himself. Now, to his delighted relief, it’s MIT’s turn.   The three instruments in the Kendall Station are named for mathematicians involved in music: “Pythagoras,” a series of cylindrical bells and rubber bell-strikers; “Kepler,” a large steel ring that’s hit by a hammer, and “Galileo,” a steel sheet shaken by ceiling cables.     Catalyzed by Clarise Snyder, Director of the MIT Concert Office Clarise Snyder, Concert Director in the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences made sure of that. A classical pianist who has worked at the School since 1982, Snyder knows the MIT “mind and hand” community. When a visitor to the Kendall ‘T’ stop asked her if the Institute would get involved in the “Band” rehab project, she saw a great opportunity. Here were the elements of a perfect MIT challenge: each grit- and rust-covered steel piece would have to be removed, with the work to be done late at night and only with special safety training. Second, there are neither drawings nor CAD files: the student musician-engineers would have to invent repair methods themselves, and would have to discern how the “Band” should sound. Also, “Band” would have to be re-installed, requiring more late-night sessions underground. And the payoff? A trio of working machines, a trio of musical sounds—and the likelihood new and different problems would occur next year! Who could resist?     In the complex project to repair a major public artwork— one that involves music, engineering, and a transportation system — Clarise Snyder, Director of the MIT Concert Office, immediately saw the elements of "a perfect MIT challenge."   The generosity of MIT students Snyder recalls that students "responded excitedly to an email about the “Band” project faster than you can say “a-squared plus b-squared = c-squared." “I’m always inspired by our MIT students’ fearless ‘can do’ spirit and how generous they are with their precious time,” she says.  The 20-person team is now known as The MIT Kendall Band Preservation Society, a student activity. Uncharted territory  Luckily for the Kendall Band team, Snyder has her own ‘can do’ spirit. In spring 2010, she planned over 40 student ensemble, solo, and chamber music concerts and at least 10 more by faculty and guest artists. “But the Band project—dealing with the MBTA and their licensing department, the MIT Office of the General Counsel, and the Safety Office—was uncharted territory,” she says. Tarkanian | musician-engineer Enter Mike Tarkanian (’00, SM ‘03), leader and musician-engineer. Tarkanian is a technical instructor in materials science and engineering; he signed on to supervise student volunteers and work with MBTA officials to arrange the late-night sessions during which parts of “Band” will be removed. An accomplished saxophonist and a guitar and banjo player, Tarkanian took numerous classes in the School's Music section, studying composition with Evan Ziporyn; harmony and composition with Elena Ruehr and the music of India with George Ruckert. An MIT-er since 1996, he is the only one of the Preservation team who has heard all of “Kendall Ba


When was windsurfing accepted as an Olympic sport?

History of Windsurfing - The Past, Present and Future of Windsurfing History of Windsurfing The Past, Present and Future of Windsurfing The entire history of windsurfing reveiled, from the first windsurfer, to the shortboards, to the short and wide designs that made windsurfing fun and easy again. The history of windsurfing started in 1948 when Newman Darby, a 20 year old American created a floating platform which looked more like a catamaran than a windsurfing board on which he mounted a sail. In 1964 he invented a universal joint, which he used to connect the mast of the rig to the board, which by now had a dagger board, a tailfin(to steer it around Trailwood lake, Pennsylvania) and a kite shaped sail. He called his invention sailboarding after he wrote an article in 1965, but he never patented it. In that time he and his brothers were manufacturing the boards in their own company Darby Industries. Jim Drake and Hoyle Schweitzer In the mid sixties Jim Drake, an aircraft engineer had this idea of some kind of a water ski which floats when you could stand on it, and which would be driven not by a boat but by a wind filled kite which could steered by hand. After brainstorming on his idea, he found out that the kite was not the best solution for his idea, he was now thinking towards a sail which could steered by hand as well. He discussed this with Hoyle Schweitzer, who was his neighbor, Hoyle liked it as well and together they started brainstorming about the boards, which were build not that long after they brainstormed the idea. They had a board, a sail and a boom and went to the ocean, tried it and found out that once the sail was in the water and got wet, it was hard to pull it out of the water, so they had to help each other to lift the sail. Not much longer after that session they mounted a rope attached to the boom to pull the sail out of the water, this was the birth of the first uphauling rope ever. They called their invention the skate, later on they renamed it into the Baja board, and finally it was renamed one more time. The newest name they gave their invention was “the windsurfer”. This was the beginning of the chapter in the history of windsurfing what a lot of people see as the true birth of windsurfing. Windsurfing international They patented the windsurfer in 1970, Hoyle Schweitzer begun marketing the windsurfer and as Jim Drake did not see the possibilities of the windsurfer and the impact his idea had on the history of windsurfing. Hoyle did see this possibility and was very happy that Jim sold the patent to Hoyle for 36,000 USD who changed the name into windsurfing international and earned millions with it. Hoyle was producing polyethylene sailboards in big numbers and specially in Europe it was a very big hit. It was such a big hit that by the end of the seventies 2 of the 3 families had a windsurfer. In those ages windsurfing really was a booming business and different brands were founded, some brands which still are on the windsurfing market nowadays like Mistral and F2 . The Olympics Windsurfing was undergoing a steady growth from a trendsport into a full-grown sport which eventually by 1984 was accepted as an Olympic sport. In this year the Olympics were held in Los Angeles, USA where the Dutchman Stephan van den Berg won a gold medal. Stephan van den Berg later switched from the Olympic contests to the funboard contests which are now known as the PWA (Professional Windsurfers Association). He now owns one of the biggest windsurfing shops in the Netherlands. On the Olympics in Barcelona, Spain in 1992 women were allowed compete in the windsurfing class where Barbara Kendall from New Zealand won the first ever female windsurfing Olympic gold medal. Windsurfing disciplines The history of windsurfing has seen a lot of different disciplines come and go. Course racing which was a development of the olympic triangle course is no longer a PWA discipline, it has changed into the formula windsurfng discipline which has it own series of contests. Slalom windsurfing has made it's revival after some years. I


Avatar (film) | Avatar Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Avatar 2 Avatar is a science fiction film written and directed by James Cameron , starring Sam Worthington , Zoë Saldaña , Stephen Lang , Michelle Rodriguez , and Sigourney Weaver . It was made by Lightstorm Entertainment and released by 20th Century Fox on December 18, 2009. The film is set in the year 2154 on Pandora , a fictional Earth -like moon in a distant planetary system. Humans are engaged in mining Pandora's reserves of a precious mineral known as unobtanium , while the Na'vi — the sapient and sentient race of humanoids indigenous to the moon — resist the colonists' expansion, which threatens the continued existence of the Na'vi and the Pandoran ecosystem. The film's title refers to the remotely controlled, genetically engineered human-Na'vi bodies used by the film's human characters to interact with the indigenous population. Contents Plot Jake arrives at Hell's Gate In the year 2154, Jake Sully (Sam Worthington), a former U.S. Marine paralyzed from the waist down due to wounds sustained in combat, is selected to participate in the Avatar Program . Originally, the position was supposed to be filled by his identical twin brother Tom Sully , who was recently killed by a man who attempted to rob him of his money. Arriving from the six-year journey from Earth to Pandora , Jake awakes from cryosleep with hundreds of other personnel to work at the human colony on this inhabited moon of Polyphemus , one of three fictional gas giants orbiting Alpha Centauri A. Jake meets with Colonel Miles Quaritch (Stephen Lang), a hardened and seasoned military veteran who is in charge of security on the colony. Quaritch welcomes the new personnel and military soldiers and briefs them on Pandora. It is mostly covered with lush rainforests and wildlife, and home to the primitive Na'vi , a sentient race of tall, blue-skinned humanoids. The colony personnel and military are under the jurisdiction of the Resources Development Administration (RDA), a non-governmental organization back on Earth. Jake is introduced to Norm Spellman (Joel David Moore), a biologist who arrived on the same rotation of personnel as he did and Dr. Grace Augustine (Sigourney Weaver), a botanist as well as the leader of the Avatar Program, which allows humans to control avatars , which are genetically engineered human-Na’vi hybrids who look like Na'vi. Using the avatars, Grace and her team have made some considerable progress teaching some Na’vi their ways and English as well as learning their language and culture. Grace is not pleased with RDA administrator Parker Selfridge's (Giovanni Ribisi) decision to use Jake to replace his brother’s avatar position, as she will have to spend time training him in Na’vi culture as well as teaching him how to control his avatar. Parker stresses that the RDA needs to mine the extremely valuable mineral unobtanium, which can be found in huge deposits on Pandora. Meanwhile, Quaritch makes Jake his informant to gather information on the Na’vi and their home, the Hometree (kelutral), which has huge deposits of unobtanium buried deep below its surface. He wants Jake to gain their trust and convince them to leave their home within three months. After being trained for several weeks in his new body, Jake, Grace and Norm explore the native wildlife with Trudy Chacon (Michelle Rodriguez), a retired Marine pilot who is assigned to ferry them to their location. While Grace and Norm study the wildlife, Jake encounters a group of hammerhead titanotheres , a rhinoceros-like animal species. However, the titanotheres flee from a thanator (palulukan), a terrifying land predator. Grace shouts at her group to flee. Jake runs from the thanator, who is after him, and loses most of his equipment and weapon in the process. He narrowly escapes death from the predator and falls into raging rivers below. As darkness falls, Jake creates a fire torch using a sap substance on the trees, and once more runs and fights a large group of small sized viperwolves (nantang). A female Na’vi named Neytiri (Zoe S


Someone who has an abnormal fear of dogs is suffering from what?

Phobias: List With Explanations of Each Phobia - Disabled World Phobias: List With Explanations of Each Phobia Print Published: 2009-01-11 (Rev. 2016-03-23) - Contact: Ian Langtree at Disabled World Synopsis: List and definitions of some of the more common phobias in children and adults including social phobia. About Phobia In clinical psychology, a phobia is defined as a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational. In the event the phobia cannot be avoided entirely, the sufferer will endure the situation or object with marked distress and significant interference in social or occupational activities. Main Document "A phobia is an irrational, intense, persistent fear of certain situations, activities, things, or persons. This is a list of some of the more common phobias." A phobia can be classified as a disability in that it can effect a persons psychological being and ability to perform certain tasks. A phobia is an irrational, intense, persistent fear of certain situations, activities, things, or persons. Most phobias are classified into two categories and, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), such phobias are considered to be sub-types of anxiety disorder. The two categories are: Specific phobias: Fear of particular objects or social situations that immediately results in anxiety and can sometimes lead to panic attacks. Specific phobia may be further subdivided into five categories: animal type, natural environment type, situational type, blood-injection-injury type, and other. Agoraphobia: a generalized fear of leaving home or a small familiar 'safe' area, and of possible panic attacks that might follow. Agoraphobia may also be caused by various specific phobias such as fear of open spaces, social embarrassment (social agoraphobia), fear of contamination (fear of germs, possibly complicated by obsessive-compulsive disorder) or PTSD ( post traumatic stress disorder ) related to a trauma that occurred out of doors. List of Common Phobias A B C D E G H I L M N O P R S T X Z A Agoraphobia - Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder, often precipitated by the fear of having a panic attack in a setting from which there is no easy means of escape. As a result, sufferers of agoraphobia may avoid public and/or unfamiliar places. Agoraphobia arises from an internal anxiety condition that has become so intense that the suffering individual fears going anywhere or doing anything where these feelings of panic have repeatedly occurred before. Agoraphobia can come on suddenly or develop gradually, typically developing between the ages of 18 and 35. Symptoms include: strong feelings of panic, dread, terror, and horror recognizing that the anxiety is overblown, yet not being able to "talk yourself out of it" rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, trembling, and an overwhelming urge to flee the situation - all physical reactions associated with extreme fear going to great lengths to avoid the situation that causes fear. Arachnophobia - fear of spiders. Arachnophobia is a specific phobia, an abnormal fear of spiders. It is among the most common of all phobias. The reactions of arachnophobics often seem irrational to others (and sometimes to the sufferers themselves). People with arachnophobia tend to feel uneasy in any area they believe could harbor spiders or that has visible signs of their presence, such as webs. Acidophobia, Acidophobic- preference for non-acidic conditions. The terms Acidophobe/Acidophobia//Acidophoby/Acidophobic refer to intolerance to acidic environments. The term is variously applied to plants, bacteria, protozoa, animals, chemical compounds, etc. The anthonymous term is "acidophile". Cf. "alkaliphile". Acrophobia - Known by a number of names - Acrophobia, Altophobia, and Fear of Heights being the most common. Acrophobia can be dangerous, as sufferers can experience a pa


William Shakespeare wrote plays set in Italy, Denmark, Scotland, England, Greece, Troy, Egypt, Tyre and more; what was his nationality?

William Shakespeare Biography WRITINGS BY THE AUTHOR: Play Productions: Henry VI, part 1, London, unknown theater (perhaps by a branch of the Queen's Men), circa 1589-1592. Henry VI, part 2, London, unknown theater (perhaps by a branch of the Queen's Men), circa 1590-1592. Henry VI, part 3, London, unknown theater (perhaps by a branch of the Queen's Men), circa 1590-1592. Richard III, London, unknown theater (perhaps by a branch of the Queen's Men), circa 1591-1592. The Comedy of Errors, London, unknown theater (probably by Lord Strange's Men), circa 1592-1594; London, Gray's Inn, 28 December 1594. Titus Andronicus, London, Rose or Newington Butts theater, 24 January 1594. The Taming of the Shrew, London, Newington Butts theater, 11 June 1594. The Two Gentlemen of Verona, London, Newington Butts theater or the Theatre, 1594. Love's Labor's Lost, perhaps at the country house of a great lord, such as the Earl of Southampton, circa 1594-1595; London, at Court, Christmas 1597. Sir Thomas More, probably by Anthony Munday, revised by Thomas Dekker, Henry Chettle, Shakespeare, and possibly Thomas Heywood, evidently never produced, circa 1594-1595. King John, London, the Theatre, circa 1594-1596. Richard II, London, the Theatre, circa 1595. Romeo and Juliet, London, the Theatre, circa 1595-1596. A Midsummer Night's Dream, London, the Theatre, circa 1595-1596. The Merchant of Venice, London, the Theatre, circa 1596-1597. Henry IV, part 1, London, the Theatre, circa 1596-1597. Henry IV, part 2, London, the Theatre, circa 1597. The Merry Wives of Windsor, Windsor, Windsor Castle, 23 April 1597. Much Ado About Nothing, London, the Theatre, circa 1598-1599. Henry V, London, Globe theater(?), between March and September 1599(?). Julius Caesar, London, Globe theater, 21 September 1599. As You Like It, London, Globe theater, circa 1599-1600. Hamlet, London, Globe theater, circa 1600-1601. Twelfth Night, London, at Court(?), no earlier than 6 January 1601(?); London, Globe theater(?), circa 1601-1602(?); London, Middle Temple, 2 February 1602. Troilus and Cressida, London, Globe theater(?), circa 1601-1602(?). All's Well That Ends Well, London, Globe theater, circa 1602-1603. Measure for Measure, London, Globe theater(?), 1604(?); London, at Court, 26 December 1604. Othello, London, Globe theater(?), 1604(?); Westminster, Whitehall, 1 November 1604. King Lear, London, Globe theater(?), by late 1605 or early 1606; London, at Court, 26 December 1606. Timon of Athens (possibly unperformed during Shakespeare's lifetime); possibly London, Globe theater, circa 1605-1608. Macbeth, London, Globe theater(?), 1606(?); London, at Court, probably 7 August 1606. Antony and Cleopatra, London, Globe theater, circa 1606-1607. Pericles, possibly by Shakespeare and George Wilkins, London, at Court, between January 1606 and November 1608; London, Globe theater, probably circa 1607-1608. Coriolanus, London, Globe theater, circa 1607-1608. Cymbeline, London, Blackfriars theater or Globe theater, 1609. The Winter's Tale, London, Globe theater, 15 May 1611. The Tempest, London, at Court, 1 November 1611. Cardenio, probably by Shakespeare and Fletcher, London, Globe theater(?), circa 1612-1613. Henry VIII, possibly by Shakespeare and John Fletcher, London, Globe theater, 29 June 1613. The Two Noble Kinsmen, by Shakespeare and Fletcher, London, probably Blackfriars theater (possibly Globe theater), 1613. Books: Venus and Adonis (London: Printed by Richard Field, sold by J. Harrison I, 1593). The First Part of the Contention betwixt the two famous Houses of Yorke and Lancaster [abridged and corrupt text of Henry VI, part 2] (London: Printed by Thomas Creede for Thomas Millington, 1594). Lucrece (London: Printed by Richard Field for John Harrison, 1594); republished as The Rape of Lucrece. Newly Revised (London: Printed by T. Snodham for R. Jackson, 1616). The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus (London: Printed by John Danter, sold by Edward White & Thomas Middleton, 1594). A Pleasant Conceited Historie, Called The Taming of a Shrew [corrupt text


"In the Alfred Hitchcock film ""Psycho"", where did the murder take place?"

The Moment of Psycho: How Alfred Hitchcock Taught America to Love Murder by David Thomson | The Girl in Alfred Hitchcock's Shower by Robert Graysmith | Books | The Guardian Share on Messenger Close Fifty years ago, all America was convulsed by a low-budget, violent movie in black and white, featuring a motel bathroom with shockingly visible flushing lavatory and a grisly murder scene of unparalleled ingenuity and cinematic flair: Psycho. Nowadays, such a film would be expected to come from a young hotshot, but this was directed by the 61-year-old Alfred Hitchcock , a figure known for elegance and high production values and as the star of a popular TV show, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, but also as someone beginning a gentle career decline. Instead, Psycho sensationally jolted Hitchcock's reputation up to a higher level, and as the owner of a profit-percentage in the film, he became staggeringly wealthy as few studio directors could ever dream of being. The career of fellow Englishman Michael Powell had been destroyed by his own transgressive chiller, Peeping Tom, made the year before, but Hitchcock was the toast of every town. A promotional campaign centring on his reputation for disarmingly droll black comedy, combined with the stunning fact of the film's commercial success, neutralised any outrage from the beginning. That murder scene in the shower, the masterpiece-within-a-masterpiece – a dizzying succession of images whose explicitly violent effect was created chiefly by the shrieking violin-stabs of Bernard Herrmann's score – took Hitchcock fully seven days to film out of a 30-day shooting schedule. It was a 45-second sequence of 70 camera setups plus one "lost" image: an overhead shot showing Janet Leigh's naked buttocks, withdrawn lest it upset the censor. All this lived on in America's intimate dreams and nightmares, and accelerated American popular culture into its modern age of permissiveness and exploitation. David Thomson intuits the secret afterlife of Psycho in the American mind, in a short book which is like an inspired, bravura jazz solo. Robert Graysmith, the author whose books on the Zodiac serial killer were themselves made into a movie, composes some strange, pungent, but anti-climactic reportage, footnoting the film's occult traces in two unknown lives: those of Henry Adolph "Sunny" Busch Jr, the real-life "Psycho" serial-killer reportedly inspired by the movie to murder (although he saw the film halfway through his murderous spree) and Marli Renfro, the naked body-double for Leigh in the shower scene, who was never credited, disappeared into obscurity, and who was herself, incredibly, assumed to have been murdered by a serial killer in 1988 – until Graysmith tracked her down and uncovered the truth. Thomson attempts to place himself inside the fabric of Psycho, floating in its pin-sharp monochrome nightmare, living through its narrative and the narrative of its cultural impact in a sort of subjective real time. Shrewdly, he places it alongside Truman Capote's 1966 true-crime study In Cold Blood, as a work which shows that America's hinterlands are not the places of provincial decency quaintly imagined by popular culture, but unpoliced worlds of melancholy and menace. Who are all these lonely men? Good ol' boys? Momma's boys? Thomson playfully asks us to imagine that dutiful son Elvis Presley in the Tony Perkins role: a disquietingly plausible cine-fantasy and the kind of brilliant flourish that only Thomson could conjure. Hitchcock was of course adored by Truffaut and the new French generation, and Thomson suggests that the provocative, endlessly deconstructible shower scene ignited the discipline of film studies itself. (When I was at Cambridge in the 80s, Colin MacCabe and Stephen Heath were agitating for film to be critically understood, and the gaunt Edwardian villa which housed the English Faculty was known as the "Bates Motel".) Thomson is interestingly tough on the unreal, regressive quality of Hitchcock's work: he has a list of films which have inherited the Psycho gene, among them Nic Roeg's m


What is the last US federal holiday in a calendar year?

2016 Federal Holiday Calendar | National Holidays | 2017 Federal Holidays Christmas Day December 25 * When a federal holiday falls on a Saturday, it is usually observed on the preceding Friday. When the holiday falls on a Sunday, it is usually observed on the following Monday. * In addition to the ten annual federal holidays, Inauguration Day is an eleventh holiday designated by Congress for observance every four years on January 20 following a U. S. presidential election. It is only observed by government employees in Washington D.C. and the border counties of Maryland and Virginia. Inauguration Day was created to help relieve the congestion that occurs around Washington D.C. with the events surrounding the swearing-in of the President and Vice President of the United States. ** December 25, 2016 (the legal public holiday for Christmas Day), falls on a Sunday. For most Federal employees, Monday, December 26, will be treated as a holiday for pay and leave purposes. Though not technically accurate, U.S. federal holidays are often referred to as ‘public holidays’ or ‘legal holidays’ because of their wide spread observance. Bank holidays are usually the same as federal holidays since most banks follow the holiday calendar of the U.S. Federal Reserve. They tend to use the modern President’s Day for the observance of George Washington’s Birthday. 1. The U.S. Office of Personnel Management has additional information and federal holiday dates for years not listed above. Redcort Software Inc. assumes no liability and makes no warranties on or for the information contained on these pages. The information presented is intended for reference only and is neither tax nor legal advice. Consult a professional tax, legal or other advisor to verify this information and determine if and/or how it may apply to your particular situation.