How many stars were there on the flag of the USA at the turn of the twentieth century?

United States | Fallout Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia J.E. Sawyer's Fallout RPG  ...  The United States of America (U.S.A.), or simply the United States (U.S.), was a federal republic in North America. It was one of the last surviving economies in the wake of the mid-21st century's global energy crisis, and one of the primary nuclear participants in the Great War . The Enclave was founded by and is descended from remnants of the nation's original government and claim to be the true continuation/successor to the United States. But they are not representative of the national identity as a whole, being an immoral organization created by and exclusively serving the interests of a specific, shadowy element of the original government. [1] Of attempts by more down-to-Earth wastelanders to reestablish the original ideals and values of the United States, the most successful has been the New California Republic . Contents Edit Beginning sometime in 1969 [2] , the United States of the Fallout universe had an intermediate level of government between the 50 states and the federal government. The nation was divided into 13 commonwealths, the same year the Virgo II mission landed Americans on the Moon in July . The United States flag was changed as well to reflect the new political reality. Accordingly, the new flag depicted thirteen stars to represent the commonwealths. The commonwealths reserved certain powers that used to belong to states; issuing license plates and establishing preservation areas being among those seen. The states, however, still possessed a certain level of sovereignty within their commonwealth. Each state still had its own flag (although modified to show its status within its commonwealth), and state lines were still quite relevant. Additionally, a state was listed as the place of production on the package pre-War MREs rather than a commonwealth. It was hoped that the new administrative division of the country would help create legislation broad enough to benefit those states with common regional concerns, but narrow enough not to affect those states with dissimilar interests or political cultures, which would help the nation better meet the challenges posed by the Communist threat to American democracy. In reality, it created even more political strife in the American government, as commonwealths typically did everything they could to promote their own interests at the expense of other commonwealths. The thirteen American commonwealths were: Commonwealth Edit It is unknown whether there were any changes to this system of commonwealths after the annexation of Canada in 2076 . It is possible that Canada was under military rule until annexation was finalized (2076). Because of the relatively small size of its population (about one-tenth the size of the U.S.), Canada would have been equal in size to a single, large American commonwealth. Border changes were also possible, e.g. concerning Alaska and the pipelines. Mexico The U.S. Army invaded Mexico in 2051 to annex it, wanting their business interests and oil supply, but a consensus on the goals of the war was never reached. Other territories The United States held other territories in the world, mostly throughout the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, however, the status of these holdings is unknown. Federal Government Edit The pre-War federal government of the United States was not too different from that of 21st-century America in our own universe, albeit significantly less democratic by the mid-21st century. Agencies of the federal government mentioned in the games include two concerned with military affairs: the War Department and the Department of Defense, which may have actually been the same agency or, if they were separate entities, were both responsible for overseeing the development of various military research projects, from HERMES to T-51b power armor . Other federal agencies mentioned in the games are the Department of Energy (or Water and Power), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Unamerican Activities Force , Secret Service , Bureau of Al


Which English Playwright was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 2005?

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 Harold Pinter The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 Photo: U. Montan Harold Pinter Prize share: 1/1 The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 was awarded to Harold Pinter "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation Share this: To cite this page MLA style: "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 1 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2005/>


The battle of Crecy was fought during which war?

The Hundred Years' War Battle of Crecy 20,000-80,000 men Battle of Crécy Overview: Seeking to invade France in 1346, King Edward III landed in Normandy that July. Quickly capturing Caen on July 26, Edward moved east towards the Seine. Alerted that King Philip VI was assembling a large army in Paris, Edward turned north and began moving along the coast. Pressing on, he crossed the Somme after winning the Battle of Blanchetaque on August 24. Tired from their endeavors, the English army encamped near the Forest of Crécy. Eager to defeat the English and angry that he had failed to trap them between the Seine and Somme, Philip raced towards Crécy with his men. Alerted to the approach of the French army, Edward deployed his men along a ridge between the villages of Crécy and Wadicourt. Dividing his army, Edward assigned command of the right division to his sixteen-year old son Edward, the Black Prince with assistance from the Earls of Oxford and Warwick, as well as Sir John Chandos. The left division was led by the Earl of Northampton, while Edward, commanding from a vantage point in a windmill, retained leadership of the reserve. These divisions were supported by large numbers of archers equipped with the English longbow . While waiting for the French to arrive, the English busied themselves by digging ditches and laying out caltrops in front of their position. Advancing north from Abbeyville, the lead elements of Philip's army arrived near the English lines around mid-day on August 26. Scouting the enemy position, they recommended to Philip that they encamp, rest, and wait for the entire army to arrive. While Philip agreed with this approach, he was overruled by his nobles who wished to attack the English without delay. Quickly forming for battle, the French did not wait for the bulk of their infantry or supply train to arrive. Advancing with Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldi's Genoese crossbowmen in the lead, the French knights followed with lines led by the Duke D’Alencon, Duke of Lorraine, and Count of Blois, while Philip commanded the rearguard. Moving to the attack, the crossbowmen fired a series of volleys at the English. These proved ineffective as a brief thunderstorm before the battle had wet and slackened the crossbowstrings. The English archers on the other hand had simply untied their bowstrings during the storm. This coupled with the longbow's ability to fire every five seconds gave the English archers a dramatic advantage over the crossbowmen who could only get off one to two shots per minute. The Genoese position was worsened by the fact that in the rush to battle their pervises (shields to hide behind while reloading) had not been brought forward. Coming under devastating fire from Edward's archers, the Genoese began withdrawing. Angered by the crossbowmen's retreat, the French knights fired insults at them and even cut several down. Charging forward, the French front lines fell into confusion as they collided with the retreating Genoese. As the two bodies of men tried to move past each other they came under fire from the English archers and five early cannon (some sources debate their presence). Continuing the attack, the French knights were forced to negotiate the slope of the ridge and the man-made obstacles. Cut down in large numbers by the archers, the felled knights and their horses blocked the advance of those to the rear. During this time, Edward received a message from his son requesting aid. Upon learning that the younger Edward was healthy, the king refused stating "“I am confident he will repel the enemy without my help," and "Let the boy win his spurs." As evening approached the English line held, repelling sixteen French charges. Each time, the English archers brought down the attacking knights. With darkness falling, a wounded Philip, recognizing he had been defeated, ordered a retreat and fell back to the castle at La Boyes. Aftermath: The Battle of Crécy was one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War and established the superiority of the longbow against mounted knights. I


In which year did the following happen - Microsoft was registered as a trade name, Brotherhood of Man won Eurovision and Mao Zedong died?

90 Years Mandela by Topco Media - issuu issuu 90 The Nelson Mandela Years thE NELSON mandela years It also features independent editorial in which important writers reflect in new and in interesting ways upon Madiba’s living legacy to all of us. 90 The Nelson Mandela Years is therefore a necessary and a vital component in the written record of Madiba’s great contribution firstly to South Africa, to its greatness and to its business prosperity, but also to the international community of nations. 90 Yes, a great deal has been written about Nelson Mandela, especially in this, the year of his 90th birthday. And so the question can be legitimately asked: is there either space or need for yet another tribute commemorating the life and the achievements of this great man? By way of an answer, the publishers of this publication invite you to take a look inside it – indeed, to take some time to review its contents. The publication consists of 45 messages from companies and other organisations that wish to place on record their special sense of appreciation to Madiba for his creation of the environment in which business in South Africa - deep in the doldrums in the late 80s and in the early 90s – could recover, and finally take its place in the global business community. In the post-apartheid euphoria, we quickly came to forget that, right up to 1992, it was not “business as usual” in South Africa - in fact - that business South Africa had already long since gone into terminal decline. The return to a state of normalcy, which was also a return to the many good things that business does – deliver products and services to eager consumers, create employment, pay taxes and dividends , grow international market share, and help create South Africa’s competitive advantage amongst nations – is something we tend to take for granted. But the fact that business could return to normalcy is in overwhelming measure attributable to the role Mandela played, and this publication exists to provide a platform to allow organisations to recollect their debt to Madiba, and to thank him for what he has done for business South Africa. Contributors Elleke Boehmer R y l a n d Fi s h e r Pe t e r Jo y c e C l ay t o n Swa r t RSA: R 195,0 0 ( I NC L . VAT) UK : £13 .0 0 THE NELSON MANDELA YEARS â€˜During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination . I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die .â€™ Nelson Mandela, statement from the dock, and the last words uttered in public before he went off to spend 27 years in gaol. openers.indd 2 POOL New / Reuters openers.indd 4 12/2/08 8:47:45 AM “ Whether in Sophiatown or Houghton, in Pollsmoor or Tuynhuis, Mandela has always striven to approach others not as members of a certain party or group, but as human beings first and foremost, as unpredictable , complicated, yet life-affirming agents. He reworked humanism such as it was understood by Europe, to bring it in line with the values of social harmony and mutual support that had always lain at the heart of African societies. To borrow from the formulation of the great Martiniquan poet and politician Aimé Césaire, his humanism was made to the measure both of the world and of Africa, defined from the perspective of those whose humanity had historically been denied . ” openers.indd 5 12/2/08 8:48:01 AM contents CREDITS Chairman & Publisher Richard Fletcher General Manager Ralf Fletcher Associate Publisher Bradley Shaw Group Production Manager Van Fletcher Consulting Editor Ryland Fisher Managing Editor Colin Bower Jurgen Schadeberg / Getty Chief Sub-Editor Shaheema Albertyn Production Manager Gareth Rabéy Designers Jason Etheridge Jayne Macé Jacque Smit 7 9 Traffic Co-ordinator Tamlyn Van Der Horst Research Mandela leads bi


The Rokeby Venus (c1651), now part of the National Gallery's collection, was painted by whom?

The Toilet of Venus | artble.com The Toilet of Venus The Rokeby Venus, Venus at her toilet Height (cm): The Toilet of Venus Story / Theme The Toilet of Venus Diego Velazquez Gaspar Méndez de Haro y Guzman One of Velázquez's most famous and admired paintings, The Toilet of Venus (also known as The Rokeby Venus, Venus at her toilet, or Venus del espejo) depicts the Goddess of Love admiring herself in her bedchamber with the help of her son Cupid, who props up a mirror for her divine contemplation. Although this particular scene does not have its roots in a particular source (literary or otherwise), the subject was common in Italian painting and antiquity. Venus seen from behind was a common erotic figure in antiquity. The circumstances surrounding the commission of The Toilet of Venus are shrouded in mystery. This is the only surviving nude by Velázquez and nudity in painting was conceived of as a mortal sin punishable by law during the Spanish Baroque, unlike in France, Italy, or Flanders, where nude and provocatively posed ladies abounded. The patron of this work would thus have been loathe to leave any records proving his commission or purchase of such a piece. Based on stylistic criteria, however, art historians have tentatively dated the picture to the time of Velázquez's second trip to Italy. Today it has been established that by the 1st of June, 1651, the painting was in the collection of Gaspar Méndez de Haro y Guzman, who was the Marqués del Carpo and grand-nephew of the Count Duke Olivares, Velázquez's first important patron. Guzman was a notorious womanizer and lover of pictures, and The Toilet of Venus hung next to a similarly risqué Italian picture of a nude nymph in a landscape. Given this evidence, it has long been assumed that Guzman commissioned the picture, but recent research has revealed that in fact Guzman purchased the picture from a third party. For whom, then, was the picture actually painted? The world of art may never know. The Toilet of Venus Inspirations for the Work Peter Paul Rubens The Borghese Hermaphrodite Although female nudes were of the utmost scarcity in Spanish art, Velázquez would have encountered many examples of this same subject both in Philip IV's collection of Italian paintings, and during both of his trips to Italy. The following artists and paintings could very well have provided both stylistic and compositional inspiration for the Spanish artist; Giorgione, Sleeping Venus , c. 1510: This archetype of the female nude was executed by Venetian painter Giorgione, a star of the Italian Renaissance. While a painting with such overtly sensuous implications would hardly have been acceptable in Baroque Spain, a painting such as this would surely have been an important source of inspiration for Velázquez's own rendering of a reclining female nude. Titian, Venus with a Mirror. c. 1555: Titian was the supreme influence on Velázquez, who undoubtedly admired the Italian artist's numerous depictions of the female nude. Titian's rendering of this theme is more traditional than that of the Spaniard: this voluptuous Venus is shown as a blonde, in keeping with traditional depictions of the goddess, with her traditional mythological accoutrements (jewels, etc. ), and wrapped in sensual furs. Rubens, Venus at the Mirror . c. 1615: Rubens' rendition of this popular theme is perhaps the closest to Velázquez's The Toilet of Venus. Like in the Velázquez, this buxom blonde goddess is shown from the back and she ogles the viewer from her vanity mirror as the onlooker takes in her sumptuous curves. Rubens 's painting is filled with the sweeping energy and dynamism that defines Baroque art, which has a kindred spirit in Velázquez's sweeping curves and counter-curves. The Borghese Hermaphrodite: Velázquez ordered a bronze cast of this surprising masterpiece of Hellenistic art during his second trip to Italy. The pose and figure of this reclining nude was undeniably a source of inspiration for Velázquez's Venus. The Toilet of Venus Analysis The Toilet of Venus The Toilet of Venus Diego Velazquez In keeping


Who created Are You Being Served and Allo Allo with David Croft?

Comedy writer Jeremy Lloyd dies aged 84 | Television & radio | The Guardian The news on TV Comedy writer Jeremy Lloyd dies aged 84 Along with writing partner David Croft, Lloyd created hit shows including Are You Being Served? and ’Allo ’Allo! Jeremy Lloyd was given an OBE for services to comedy in 2012. Photograph: John Stillwell/PA Tuesday 23 December 2014 11.18 EST Last modified on Tuesday 23 December 2014 19.32 EST Close This article is 2 years old Jeremy Lloyd, the creator of beloved British sitcoms ‘Allo ‘Allo! and Are You Being Served, has died age 84. Lloyd, who had worked in British comedy since the sixties, was admitted to hospital on Monday evening with pneumonia and died on Tuesday morning. His agent, Alexandra Cann, said: “[He was] a great wit and always a mass of original ideas. He had a wonderfully original mind and will be greatly missed.” Vicki Michelle, who played Yvette Carte-Blanche in ‘Allo ‘Allo, paid tribute to the comedy writer on Twitter, writing: “So sad to hear of Jeremy Lloyd’s passing. Such a wonderful talent, mentor & friend. A complete joy to work with. RIP Jeremy I’ll miss you xx.” Michelle was echoed by Sherlock and Doctor Who writer and actor Mark Gatiss, who said: “Farewell to Jeremy Lloyd and thanks for years of naughty laughs.” Lloyd was born in London to a mother who had been a Tiller girl who danced with Fred Astaire in Evergreen and Blue Skies in 1928 and 1929, and a petroleum engineer father. As a child he was sent to live with his grandmother in Manchester and rarely saw his parents, who he said had seen him as a failure. Before his first break into the world of comedy, Lloyd worked as a paint salesman, a metal sorter and even a road digger while writing his first film script, What a Whopper! Recalling how he got the film made, Lloyd said he had simply called up Earl St John, who was in charge at Pinewood Studios, and demanded he read the script. Lloyd’s first onscreen break came in School for Scoundrels in 1960, and he would go on to appear in over 30 films after that, including uncredited roles in The Beatles’ A Hard Day’s Night and Help! He then took on a role as a writer on the popular US sketch comedy show Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In, writing for people such as Goldie Hawn, Roger Moore, Sammy Davis Jr, Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby, as well as often performing himself, his plummy British accent proving popular with American audiences. It was on his return from America in the early 70s that he and David Croft , whom he had met on the Billy Cotton Band Show, wrote and created Are You Being Served?, based on Lloyd’s past experiences working at Simpsons of Piccadilly. The BBC series, set in the fictional Grace Brothers store, ran for 13 years becoming one of Britain’s best loved sitcoms. Pinterest Carmen Silvera, Gorden Kaye and Vicki Michelle, who starred in ‘Allo ‘Allo!, which was co-written by Lloyd. Photograph: Rex Features The pair would then go onto create ‘Allo ‘Allo!, a sitcom set in a small-town café in Nazi-occupied France during the second world war, which would runbetween 1982 and 1992. He also went on to write music and lyrics for children’s character Captain Beaky, with a song performed by Keith Michell making the UK top five in 1980. Lloyd was married three times, including briefly to Absolutely Fabulous actor Joanna Lumley . Lumley later wrote about their fleeting marriage, saying “He was witty, tall and charming – we should have just had a raging affair.” Six months ago he married his third wife, Elizabeth Moberly. Lloyd was given an OBE in 2012 for his services to British comedy.


Which film franchise was based on a ride at Disney theme parks?

Movies Based on Disney Rides, Films Based on Theme Park Attractions | Teen.com Rebloggy Disney ‘s pumped out amazing movies for years. From Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937(!) to Frozen in 2013, we’re constantly blown away by the company’s feature films, both animated and live-action; that proves to be even more true when the flicks are based on one of the Mickey Mouse-led corporation’s many theme park rides and attractions. According to Deadline , the juggernaut business is taking its “It’s a Small World” attraction to the big screen! “This one will take awhile to come together but it is envisioned as a potential franchise for the studio.” Squee! To learn more about the upcoming movie, click through our fun-filled gallery of films based on Disney theme park rides here: Skip this Ad Mr. Toad's Wild Ride a.k.a. The Wind in the Willows (1996) BASED ON DISNEY'S: Mr. Toad's Wild Ride at Disneyland. The original version opened in 1955 (which, in turn, was based on Disney's adaptation of The Wind in the Willows (1908), one of the two segments of the film The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad. Photo: Disney Tower of Terror (1997) BASED ON DISNEY'S: The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror ride at Disney's Hollywood Studios in Florida, Disney California Adventure, Tokyo DisneySea and Walt Disney Studios Park in Paris. The original version at Disney's Hollywood Studios opened in 1994. Photo: Disney BASED ON DISNEY'S: Mission to Mars attraction at Disneyland. The original version opened in 1975. Photo: Disney The Country Bears (2002) BASED ON DISNEY'S: Country Bear Jamboree attraction at the Magic Kingdom in the Walt Disney World Resort and at Tokyo Disneyland in the Tokyo Disney Resort, as well as a former attraction at Disneyland Park. The original version at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom opened in 1971. Photo: Disney Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003) BASED ON DISNEY'S: Pirates of the Caribbean ride at Disneyland, the Magic Kingdom, Tokyo Disneyland and Disneyland Park in Paris. The original version at Disneyland opened in 1967. Photo: Disney The Haunted Mansion (2003) BASED ON DISNEY'S: Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland, Magic Kingdom (Walt Disney World), and Tokyo Disneyland. The original version at Disneyland opened in 1971. Photo: Disney Tomorrowland (2015) BASED ON DISNEY'S: Tomorrowland, one of the many theme lands at the five Disney theme parks around the world. The original version at Disneyland opened in 1955. Photo: Disney Untitled Explorers Project a.k.a. The Hill (TBA) BASED ON DISNEY'S: Matterhorn Bobsleds attraction at Disneyland. The original version opened in 1959. Photo: Disney Magic Kingdom (TBA) BASED ON DISNEY'S: Magic Kingdom, the first-built of the four theme parks at the Walt Disney World Resort. The original version opened in 1971. Photo: Disney It's a Small World (TBA) BASED ON DISNEY'S: "It's a Small World" musical boat ride located in the Fantasyland area at each of the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. The original version at Disneyland opened in 1966. Photo: Disney


The Claret Jug is awarded to the winner of which competition?

The Open The Open The 146th Open Royal Birkdale  16th - 23rd July 2017 Birkdale 7° C The 146th Open Royal Birkdale 16-23 July 2017 The Claret Jug Explore the history of the Golf Champion Trophy, better known as the Claret Jug. The Claret Jug The Claret Jug, or to use its proper name, the Golf Champion Trophy, is presented to each year's winner of The Open. Yet it is not the original prize. When the Championship began at Prestwick in 1860, the winner was presented with the Challenge Belt, made of rich Moroccan leather, embellished with a silver buckle and emblems. The Challenge Belt The impetus to provide the Challenge Belt had come from the Earl of Eglinton and derived from his keen interest in medieval pageantry. He was pre-eminent in encouraging sport throughout the social spectrum and was a leading light in setting up The Open Championship. The Earl donated many trophies for competition, including a gold belt for competition among the Irvine Archers. The original Challenge Belt was purchased by the members of Prestwick Golf Club. According to the first rule of the new golf competition: “The party winning the belt shall always leave the belt with the treasurer of the club until he produces a guarantee to the satisfaction of the above committee that the belt shall be safely kept and laid on the table at the next meeting to compete for it until it becomes the property of the winner by being won three times in succession. A Brief History 1860 - The first Open takes place at Prestwick Golf Club.  Winner presented with the Challenge Belt. 1872 - Three clubs to host The Open contribute £10 each towards a new trophy - a silver claret jug. The 1872 winner received a medal. 1873 - The Golf Champion Trophy is made by Mackay Cunningham & Company. Tom Kidd was the first Champion to receive the new Claret Jug but the 1872 winner, Tom Morris Junior, was the first name engraved on it. 1927 - Agreement to retain the original Claret Jug and present future Champions with a replica. The search for a new trophy - the Silver Claret Jug In 1870, just 10 years after The Open Championship began, Tom Morris Junior won for the third consecutive time and became the owner of the belt. The future direction of the Championship was discussed at Prestwick Golf Club’s Spring Meeting in April 1871, during which a key proposal was put forward by Gilbert Mitchell Innes: “In contemplation of St Andrews, Musselburgh and other clubs joining in the purchase of a Belt to be played for over four or more greens it is not expedient for the club to provide a Belt to be played for solely at Prestwick.” The motion was passed, but no final decisions were reached about venues or the involvement of other clubs, with the result that The Open Championship was not played in 1871. Moves to revive the competition resumed the following year. The minutes of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club, dated May 1, state that the green committee had been “empowered to enter into communication with other clubs with a view to effecting a revival of the Championship Belt, and they were authorised to contribute a sum not exceeding £15 from the funds of the club”. Agreement was finally reached on September 11, 1872 between the three clubs that were to host The Open — Prestwick, the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers and The Royal and Ancient Golf Club. They decided that the winner would receive a medal and that each of the three clubs would contribute £10 towards the cost of a new trophy, which was to be a silver claret jug, instead of another belt. Its proper name was to be The Golf Champion Trophy. These decisions were taken too late for the trophy to be presented to the 1872 Open Champion, who was once again Tom Morris Junior. Instead, he was awarded with a medal inscribed ‘The Golf Champion Trophy’. The Golf Champion Trophy The Golf Champion Trophy, now commonly referred to as the Claret Jug, was made by Mackay Cunningham & Company of Edinburgh and was hallmarked 1873. The first Open Champion to receive the new trophy was the 1873 winner, Tom Kidd, but Tom Morris Junior’s name was th


"What does ""su doku"" mean in English?"

Meaning of "Sudoku" What does "Sudoku" mean? The Answer: "Sudoku" literally means "single number." It is actually an     abbreviation of a longer name, "Sūji wa dokushin ni kagiru," which     roughly means "the numbers must occur only once." You can play     Sudoku right here on our site. —The Editors


b Which London landmark was designed by David Marks and Julia Barfield?

David Marks and Julia Barfield David Marks and Julia Barfield Biography Designers of the London Eye and Kew Gardens Treetop walkway  David Marks and Julia Barfield met in 1974. Both were architectural students at the Architecture Association in London and shared a common interest in geometry, vernacular architecture, and in the way nature 'designs' and organises itself so efficiently. They were influenced by the American inventor Richard Buckminster Fuller and his ideas about the social and environmental responsibility of architects. David Marks and Julia Barfield met in 1974. Both were architectural students at the Architecture Association in London and shared a common interest in geometry, vernacular architecture, and in the way nature 'designs' and organises itself so efficiently. They were influenced by the American inventor Richard Buckminster Fuller and his ideas about the social and environmental responsibility of architects. In 1975 they travelled together to South America, working first in Ecuador, and then in Peru where they designed low-cost and self-build community centres and houses in Villa El Salvador, the largest and most rapidly developing squatter settlement on the outskirts of Lima. On returning to the UK and after completing their studies at the AA, they worked respectively for Richard Rodgers and Norman Foster where they acquired the skills of applying leading-edge technology and modern craftsmanship in architecture. In 1990 they set up their own practice and designed a 'Bridgebuilding' that spanned Regent's Canal at King's Cross; an 'Aquasphere' on the French Mediterranean; they designed an 'Information Age Centre' in the Thames Valley; and won prizes in European competitions. In Liverpool they were commissioned to build an innovative Watersports Centre in Queen's Dock. It was a huge success locally and won prizes for architecture and engineering. When the Sunday Times and the Architecture Foundation held an open competition in 1993 to design a landmark for the millennium, Marks and Barfield believed the millennium offered an opportunity to do something more. Something that would delight the public, celebrate London, and renew the spirit of confidence that was embodied in the Great Exhibition of 1851. They were inspired by such celebratory structures as Paxton's Crystal Palace, Eiffel's Tower, Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty, and Sarinen's St Louis Arch. It has required no public money, no government subsidy, nor lottery funding. It is accessible to everyone, rich or poor, able or disabled. For Marks and Barfield, architecture and engineering, at their best, merge into art, and are as capable of lifting the spirit and nourishing the soul as any other art form.


Politician Herbert Morrison was the grandfather of which member of Tony Blair's cabinet?

One man band? | The Economist One man band? Tweet “YOU really can't back a party that is going to make Frank Dobson environment secretary,” one senior Tory strategist told journalists last week. Mr Dobson, whose handicaps include a beard and a blunt turn of phrase, is the kind of Labour politician whom the Conservatives, long-accustomed to office, cannot imagine as a minister of the Crown. They may not be alone. Tony Blair has been displeased by Mr Dobson's resistance to his plans for elected mayors: he may give the job to somebody else. On the other hand, there is nothing wrong with Mr Dobson that a ministerial limo and the aura of office would not put right. Such are the difficulties of spotting talent in opposition. Mr Blair's campaign has concentrated on Mr Blair, and the Tories have responded by attacking him. Never has the term “shadow cabinet” seemed so appropriate. Labour strategists think their opponents might have done better to raise doubts about what lurks in those shadows. Is Labour a “one-man band”, as its strategy has seemed to imply? At the top, in fact, the ability of the senior people is not in much doubt. The table summarises our impressions. Gordon Brown, the shadow chancellor, has fought a good campaign. Robin Cook, the shadow foreign secretary, outdazzles Malcolm Rifkind, his Tory counterpart. John Prescott, the deputy leader, though not much tested, has come over well on the street and put his foot in his mouth less often than usual. Add to these Donald Dewar, the experienced chief whip; and Jack Straw, a battle-hardened shadow home secretary, and you have a kernel to a Blair cabinet that at least equals Mr Major's team. In this section Reprints However, performance in office calls for different skills than opposition. Adding to doubts on that score are others, already more obvious, over how well Labour's ministers would work together. Mr Brown does not get on with Mr Prescott or Mr Cook. Such tensions need not be fatal to a government. Clement Attlee's post-1945 administration was effective despite bad relations between Ernie Bevin, the foreign secretary, and Herbert Morrison, the deputy prime minister. But there is a further problem in New Labour's case. Mr Blair is the second-youngest member of the shadow cabinet and the youngest of his senior colleagues. None of them can realistically hope to succeed him merely by playing the loyal lieutenant. His colleagues may be tempted to position themselves against him and against each other, hoping to take over if he runs into trouble, a tendency reflected in the reliability ratings in our table. And the rest? Only David Blunkett, the shadow education secretary, and Margaret Beckett, shadow industry secretary, have pretensions to match the inner core in stature. The remainder of Mr Blair's team falls into two broad camps. First come the young hopefuls. These include Alastair Darling, the shadow chief secretary, Chris Smith, the health spokesman, Andrew Smith, the shadow transport secretary, and Mo Mowlam, shadow Northern Ireland secretary. All have been surefooted members of Mr Blair's opposition team, and Ms Mowlam has charisma and courage (carrying on despite a recent brain tumour). Their problem, however, is that the senior team, with the exception of Mr Dewar, is relatively young, and young hopefuls may be frustrated by a long wait for promotion. The same applies in spades to Mr Blair's top talent outside the shadow cabinet, and especially to Peter Mandelson, the mercurial mind behind the party's communications strategy. The rest is a ragbag. Some are the pale pink survivals of the old Labour left such as Michael Meacher, Mr Dobson's number two, and Clare Short, who covers overseas development. Some are right-wing lags on the way down, such as Jack Cunningham at heritage and Tom Clarke, spokesman for the disabled. Some are dull dogs who survive because they have safe hands. They include David Clark, defence, and Gavin Strang, agriculture. If Labour wins, all these may remain in government for a time—but it would be surprising, come the election after


"The aria ""La Donna e Mobile"" comes from which opera?"

Rigoletto La Dona e mobile - YouTube Rigoletto La Dona e mobile Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Apr 11, 2006 Jean-Pierre Ponnelle's classic film of Verdi's dark tragedy features the legendary Luciano Pavarotti as the dashing Duke of Mantua Category


In which British city was composer Frederick Delius born?

Frederick Delius | English composer | Britannica.com Frederick Delius Alternative Title: Frederick Theodore Albert Delius Frederick Delius Arnold Schoenberg Frederick Delius, in full Frederick Theodore Albert Delius (born January 29, 1862, Bradford , Yorkshire , England —died June 10, 1934, Grez-sur-Loing, France ), composer, one of the most distinctive figures in the revival of English music at the end of the 19th century. Delius, drawing by Edmond X. Kapp, 1932 Edmond X. Kapp The son of a German manufacturer who had become a naturalized British subject in 1860, Delius was educated at Bradford Grammar School and the International College, Isleworth, London. After working as a traveler for his father’s firm, he went in 1884 to Florida , U.S., as an orange planter and devoted his spare time to musical study. In 1886 he left Florida for Leipzig and there underwent a more or less regular musical training and became a friend of the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg . Two years later he went to live in Paris, and from 1897 he made his home at Grez-sur-Loing (Seine-et-Marne), near Paris, with the painter Jelka Rosen, whom he married in 1903. Some songs, an orchestral suite (Florida), and an opera (Irmelin) were all written before he had a work published, that being Legend for violin and orchestra (1893). These were followed by more ambitious works that aroused considerable interest, especially in Germany, during the first decade of the 20th century. Three of his six operas (Koanga, 1895–97; A Village Romeo and Juliet, 1900–01; and Fennimore and Gerda, 1908–10) and several of his larger choral and orchestral works (Appalachia, 1902; Sea Drift, 1903; Paris: the Song of a Great City, 1899) were first heard in Germany. Later his reputation spread to England, mainly through the persuasive advocacy of Sir Thomas Beecham, who was his finest interpreter. Even after he was stricken blind and paralyzed in his early 60s, Delius continued to compose, working with an amanuensis, Eric Fenby. Other major works include A Mass of Life (1904–05) and a Requiem (1914–16), both to texts by Friedrich Nietzsche; Brigg Fair (1907) for orchestra; four concerti for various instruments; three sonatas for violin and piano; and many smaller orchestral pieces and songs. He was created a Companion of Honour in 1929. In distinction and originality of idiom , Delius’ music can hold its own with that of his contemporary Edward Elgar, and for a time he was considered by many to be a composer of equal stature. But Delius’ expressive range was more limited and his invention less vigorous than Elgar’s. Works that continue to be performed and recorded include the tone poem Over the Hills and Far Away (1895); the two Dance Rhapsodies for orchestra (1908 and 1916); Two Pieces for Small Orchestra: On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring (1912); Summer Night on the River (1911); and Songs of Sunset for orchestra, chorus, and solo voices (1906–07). Learn More in these related articles:


How many lines are there on the London underground railway?

1906 - Elephant & Castle station opens 1915 - The line is extended from Baker Street to Queen's Park 1939 - The Bakerloo line takes over the Stanmore branch of the Metropolitan line 1979 - The Jubilee line opens and, after 40 years, the Stanmore branch of the Bakerloo line closes 1982 - The four peak period trains between Queen's Park and Watford Junction are withdrawn 1989 - Services between Queen's Park and Harrow & Wealdstone restart Central Line The Central Line, originally called the Central London Railway, opened on 30 July 1900 as a cross-London route from Bank to Shepherd's Bush. Popular from the start, part of its success stemmed from the cost: a flat fare of two old pence to travel. This inspired the press to call it the 'Tuppenny Tube.' In 1908, London hosted the Franco-British exhibition, the largest fair of its kind, which attracted 8 million visitors. At the time, the exhibition site was little more than a cluster of white buildings with no official name but when the Central line extended to the site, it officially became known as White City. In the 1990s, the Central line was upgraded to automatic operation, making it the second Underground line, after the Victoria line in the 1960s, to use this technology. Key Central line dates 1900 - Central London Railway opens 1908 - The line extends west to Wood Lane to support the White City Exhibition 1912 - The line extends east from Bank to Liverpool Street 1920 - The line extends west to Ealing Broadway 1945 - After the war, new tracks next to to the main line railway start to be used. They run from North Acton to West Ruislip and include new tunnels from Liverpool Street to Leyton 1994 - The Epping to Ongar shuttle service closes, due to low passenger numbers Circle line Although the first circular service started in 1884, the Circle line as we know it didn't really begin until the 1930s. The 'Circle line' name first appeared on a poster in 1936 but took another 13 years for it to get its own, separate line on the Tube map. The tracks used by the Circle line were run by the Metropolitan Railway and District Railway, two companies who couldn't agree on how to run the line. Their differences initially meant that District Railway ran the clockwise trains and Metropolitan Railway, the anti-clockwise trains. In December 2009, the Circle line was broken and replaced by an end-to-end service between Hammersmith and Edgware Road, via Aldgate. Key Circle line dates 1884 - The first circular service begins 1868 - The Paddington to Farringdon (Metropolitan Railway) line extends to South Kensington. The District Railway opens its new line from South Kensington to Westminster at the same time 1884 - The District Railway line finally extends to Mark Lane (now Tower Hill). It meets the Metropolitan Railway line to create a full circle 1905 - The line is electrified 1933 - Metropolitan Railway and District Railway become part of the London Passenger Transport Board 1936 - The 'Circle line' name appears on a poster for the first time 1949 - The Circle line gets its own line on the Tube map 2009 - The Circle line is broken and replaced by and end-to-end service District line The District line first opened on Christmas Eve 1868, between South Kensington and Westminster. In the years following, it extended both east and west, even going as far as Windsor. In 1883, the line was extended from Ealing Broadway to Windsor and has run services as far as Southend, during its time. Uxbridge and Hounslow were part of the District line until they were transferred to the Piccadilly line in 1933 and 1964. Key District line dates 1868 - The first section of what is now the District line begins. It runs between South Kensington and Westminster 1869 - New tracks open between Gloucester Road and West Brompton 1874 - The line extends to Hammersmith, Richmond in 1877 and Ealing Broadway in 1879 1885 - The two-year old Ealing to Windsor service ends 1884 - The line extends to Mark Lane (now Tower Hill) 1910 - The line extends to Uxbridge, following an earlier extension to Hounslow (in 1884) Hammersm


In Greek mythology, which youth fell in love with his own reflection?

NARCISSUS (Narkissos) - Thespian Youth of Greek Mythology Narcissus, Greco-Roman fresco from Pompeii C1st B.C., Naples National Archaeological Museum NARKISSOS (Narcissus) was a youth of the town of Thespiai (Thespiae) in Boiotia, a son of the river-god Kephisos (Cephisus) and the fountain-nymph Liriope. He was celebrated for his beauty and attracted many admirers but, in his arrogance, spurned them all. The suffering of two of these, however, would bring down a curse upon him. The nymphe Ekho (Echo) --a girl cursed by Hera to repeat only the last words of what was said before--was rejected by the boy and fading away in despair left behind nothing but an echoing voice. The other admirer was the youth Ameinias who became distraught when Narkissos cruelly spurned him. He killed himself before his beloved's door, calling on the goddess Nemesis to avenge him. His prayer was answered when Narkissos fell in love with his own reflection in a pool. Gazing endlessly at the image, he slowly pined away and was transformed by the nymphs into a narcissus flower. Others say he was instead filled with remorse and killed himself beside the pool--and from his dying life's blood the flower was born. Narkissos' name was the ancient Greek word for the narcissus or daffodil flower. The boy's mother Leiriope was named after another species of daffodil--the leirion--and his spurned love Ameinias  for the ameinasis. According to Hesychius s.v., ameinasis was another name for the sweet-smelling herb duosmon--either dill, anise or cummin. Presumably these two were also transformed into their namesake plants. Such a group of sympathetic metamorphoses is not uncommon in Greek myth. FAMILY OF NARCISSUS [1.1] KEPHISOS & LIRIOPE (Ovid Metamorphoses 3.340) [1.2] KEPHISOS (Hyginus Fabulae 271, Statius Thebaid 7.340, Claudian Proserpine 2.130) [2.1] ENDYMION & SELENE (Nonnus Dionysiaca 48.582) ENCYCLOPEDIA NARCISSUS (Narkissos), a son of Cephissus and the nymph Liriope of Thespiae. He was a very handsome youth, but wholly inaccessible to the feeling of love. The nymph Echo, who loved him, but in vain, died away with grief. One of his rejected lovers, however, prayed to Nemesis to punish him for his unfeeling heart. Nemesis accordingly caused Narcissus to see his own face reflected in a well, and to fall in love with his own image. As this shadow was unapproachable Narcissus gradually perished with love, and his corpse was metamorphosed into the flower called after him narcissus. This beautiful story is related at length by Ovid (Met. iii. 341, &c.). According to some traditions, Narcissus sent a sword to one of his lovers, Ameinias, who killed himself with it at the very door of Narcissus' house, and called upon the gods to avenge his death. Narcissus, tormented by love of himself and by repentance, put an end to his life, and from his blood there sprang up the flower narcissus (Conon, Narrat. 24). Other accounts again state that Narcissus melted away into the well in which he had beheld his own image (Paus. ix. 31. § 6); or that he had a beloved twin sister perfectly like him, who died, whereupon he looked at his own image reflected in a well, to satify his longing after his sister. Eustathius (ad Hom. p. 266) says that Narcissus was drowned in the well. Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES Echo, Narcissus and Anteros, Greco-Roman mosaic from Daphne C3rd A.D., Hatay Archaeology Museum Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 31. 7 - 9 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) : "In the territory of the Thespians is a place called Donakon (Donacon, Reed-Bed). Here is the spring of Narkissos (Narcissus). They say that Narkissos looked into this water, and not understanding that he saw his own reflection, unconsciously fell in love with himself, and died of love at the spring. But it is utter stupidity to imagine that a man old enough to fall in love was incapable of distinguishing a man from a man's reflection. There is another story about Narkissos, less popular indeed than the other, but not with


I Which ocean liner rescued the majority of the Titanic's survivors?

5 Things You May Not Know About Titanic’s Rescue Ship - History in the Headlines 5 Things You May Not Know About Titanic’s Rescue Ship April 10, 2012 By Steven Cohen Arthur Rostron, captain of Carpathia, receives a trophy from Titanic survivor Molly Brown in May 1912. Share this: 5 Things You May Not Know About Titanic’s Rescue Ship Author 5 Things You May Not Know About Titanic’s Rescue Ship URL Google As we commemorate the 100th anniversary of the most famous of all maritime catastrophes—the sinking of the White Star liner Titanic early in the morning of April 15, 1912—the heroic and perilous rescue effort that took place in response remains something of a footnote. Titanic, after all, was the largest and perhaps most opulent ocean liner of its day, while Cunard’s Carpathia was a relatively modest ship launched 10 years earlier that was coasting toward eternal obscurity when disaster struck. Explore five things you may not know about the only vessel to rescue any Titanic survivors from the icy waters of the North Atlantic. 1. The Titanic disaster launched Carpathia’s captain on a trajectory to a distinguished career. Captain Arthur Henry Rostron—who was sufficiently anonymous at the time for many newspapers to misspell his name as “Rostrom”—spent virtually his entire life at sea after turning 17. Born near Liverpool in 1869, Rostron embarked on his maritime exploits just after completing high school, joining the ranks on a naval school ship. After serving on a variety of vessels including barques and iron clipper ships, Rostron joined the Cunard Line in 1895, soon serving as fourth officer on RMS Umbria. He then served on a number of Cunard ships and worked his way up to first officer before becoming captain of the Brescia. Leaving Cunard in 1904 for service in the Royal Navy, he returned in 1905 and became captain of the then 3-year-old Carpathia. Rostron achieved universal praise and celebrity as a result of his legendary efforts to rescue survivors of Titanic’s sinking, testifying in the British Board of Trade inquiry, traveling to the United States to appear before the Senate and receiving the Congressional Gold Medal from President William Taft. Rostron went on to command some of Cunard’s most illustrious ships, including Mauritania and Lusitania, and in 1928 he was made commodore of the Cunard fleet. He was named a commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1919, and in 1926 became Sir Arthur as a knight commander of the Order of the British Empire. 2. The most prestigious captain in the history of the Cunard Line was a firm believer in sea serpents. Captain Rostron wasn’t shy about his affinity for cryptozoology, the study of creatures whose existence has not been proven. (Think of Sasquatch or the Loch Ness Monster, among many others.) In fact, while serving as chief officer on Campania in 1907, Rostron claimed to have sighted a sea serpent, which he later wrote about in detail in his memoir “Home from the Sea.” On the bridge while steaming off the Irish coast, Rostron warned his junior officer to steer clear of an object in the water but, he recounted, “gradually drew nearer so that we were able to make out what the unusual thing was. It was a sea monster!” Lamenting his lack of a camera, Rostron began to sketch what he saw. “I was unable to get a clear view of the monster’s features, but we were close enough to realize its head rose eight or nine feet out of the water, while the trunk of the neck was fully twelve inches thick,” he wrote. Rostron never backtracked on his account, but it certainly did not appear to impede his career advancement in any way. Today’s airline pilots reporting on UFOs might not be so fortunate. 3. Carpathia’s rescue preparations were a masterpiece of multitasking. From the moment Captain Rostron was informed of the distress messages received from Titanic, every order he issued was intended to get to the stricken ship as quickly as possible, all the while preparing his own ship to receive the survivors and give them the care they needed. Top speed for Carpathia was about 14.5 kn


What title is given to the wife of an earl?

Earl | Define Earl at Dictionary.com earl noun 1. a British nobleman of a rank below that of marquis and above that of viscount: called count for a time after the Norman conquest. The wife of an earl is a countess. 2. (in Anglo-Saxon England) a governor of one of the great divisions of England, including East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, and Wessex. Origin of earl Old English 900 before 900; Middle English erl, Old English eorl; cognate with Old Saxon erl man, Old Norse jarl chieftain Earl a male given name: from the old English word meaning “noble.”. Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for earl Expand Contemporary Examples His wife is the niece of an earl who once worked as a lady-in-waiting to a royal duchess. The Kensington District Geraldine Edith Mitton He could remember clearly now, the earl's explanations of the action of the coronet. Millennium Everett B. Cole The Smuggler's Cave George A. Birmingham He thought of the names he had heard used by the guards of the earl. Millennium Everett B. Cole British Dictionary definitions for earl Expand noun 1. (in the British Isles) a nobleman ranking below a marquess and above a viscount Female equivalent countess 2. (in Anglo-Saxon England) a royal governor of any of the large divisions of the kingdom, such as Wessex Word Origin Old English eorl; related to Old Norse jarl chieftain, Old Saxon erl man Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for earl Expand n. Old English eorl "brave man, warrior, leader, chief" (contrasted with ceorl "churl"), from Proto-Germanic *erlo-z, of uncertain origin. In Anglo-Saxon poetry, "a warrior, a brave man;" in later Old English, "nobleman," especially a Danish under-king (equivalent of cognate Old Norse jarl), then one of the viceroys under the Danish dynasty in England. After 1066 adopted as the equivalent of Latin comes (see count (n.)). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Marita was the codename given to the German invasion of Yugoslavia and which other country?

Invasion of Yugoslavia | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia See also: Greco-Italian War  and Yugoslav coup d'état In October 1940, Fascist Italy had attacked Greece only to be forced back into Albania . German dictator Adolf Hitler recognised the need to go to the aid of his ally, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini . Hitler did this not only to restore diminished Axis prestige, but also to prevent the United Kingdom from being able to bomb the Romanian oilfields from which Germany obtained most of her oil. [9] Following agreements with Hungary , Romania and Bulgaria that they would join the Axis, Hitler put pressure on Yugoslavia to join the Tripartite Pact . [10] The Regent, Prince Paul of Yugoslavia and his cabinet, succumbed to this pressure on 25 March 1941. [11] This move was unpopular with the Serbian-dominated officer corps of the military and some segments of the public: a large part of the Serbian population, as well as liberals and Communists. [12] A coup d'état was launched on 27 March 1941 by mainly Serbian military officers, and the Regent was replaced on the throne by the under-age prince, who was declared of age and proclaimed King Peter II of Yugoslavia . [13] Upon hearing news of the coup in Yugoslavia, Hitler called his military advisers to Berlin on 27 March. On the same day as the coup he issued Führer Directive 25 which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state. [14] Hitler took the coup as a personal insult, and was so angered that he was determined, in his words, "to destroy Yugoslavia militarily and as a nation" (Jugoslawien militärisch und als Staatsgebilde zu zerschlagen), [15] and to do so "without waiting for possible declarations of loyalty of the new government". [16] On 1 April Yugoslavia redesignated its Assault Command as the Chetnik Command, after the Serbian and Macedonian guerrilla forces from World War I which had resisted the Central Powers. The command was intended to lead a guerrilla war should the country be occupied. [17] Its headquarters was transferred from Novi Sad to Kraljevo in south-central Serbia on 1 April. [17] On 2 April, the German ambassador having already been recalled for "talks", the remaining embassy staff was ordered to leave the capital and to warn the embassies of friendly nations to likewise evacuate. This sent the unmistakable message that Yugoslavia was about to be invaded. [18] Hungary Edit Hungary had joined the Tripartite Pact on 20 November 1940. The following month on 12 December it also concluded a treaty with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia calling for "permanent peace and eternal friendship". [19] The Hungarian leadership was split after Germany's War Directive 25 was delivered on 27 March 1941. Regent Miklós Horthy and the military favoured taking part in the invasion of Yugoslavia and mobilized the following day. Prime Minister Pál Teleki sought to prevent German troops passing through Hungary and cited the peace treaty with Yugoslavia as an impediment to cooperation with the Germans. [20] On 3 April, War Directive 26 was issued detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the invasion as well as promising Hungary territorial gains. [21] The same day Teleki committed suicide by shooting himself. Horthy, seeking a compromise, informed Hitler that evening that Hungary would abide by the treaty, though it would likely cease to apply should Croatia secede and Yugoslavia cease to exist. [22] Upon the proclamation of an Independent State of Croatia in Zagreb on 10 April this scenario was realized and Hungary joined the invasion, its army crossing into Yugoslavia the following day. Opposing forces Main article: Axis order of battle for the invasion of Yugoslavia The invasion was spearheaded by the German 2nd Army , with elements of the 12th Army , a panzer group and an independent panzer corps combined with overwhelming Luftwaffe support. The 19 German divisions included five panzer divisions , two motorised infantry divisions and two mountain divisions. The German force also included three well-equipped independent motorised infantry


King of Jordan | Current Head of State 10.04.2010 - 10:32 | Tags: King | Category: 1 Middle East dictators , All , Dictators , Kings , Middle East Leaders His Majesty King Abdullah II bin Al Hussein, King of Jordan His Majesty King Abdullah II bin Al Hussein is the 43rd generation direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). He assumed his constitutional powers as Monarch of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on February 7th, 1999, the day his father, the late King Hussein, passed away. Born in Amman on January 30th, 1962, King Abdullah II is the eldest son of His Majesty the late King Hussein and Her Royal Highness Princess Muna Al Hussein. He began his primary education at the Islamic Educational College in Amman, and later attended St. Edmund’s School in Surrey, England. For his secondary education, he attended Eaglebrook School and Deerfield Academy in the United States of America. He entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (U.K.) in 1980 and was commissioned as second Lieutenant in spring of 81. He then served as a Reconnaissance Troop Leader in the 13/18th Royal Hussars Regiment (British Army) in the U.K. (and West Germany). From 1985 to 1993 he served mainly in the Armourd Corps (3rd Division) in all related command appointments at platoon, company and as battalion second in command positions, until finally commanding the 2nd Armoured-Car regiment, 40th Armoured Brigade with the rank of lieutenant Colonel from January 1992 to January 1993. During this period he attended several military courses in the U.S. and the U.K. including Staff College Camberley (U.K.) 1990-1991. He also has several attachments to the Special Forces and a year as a tactics instructor with Jordan Army’s Anti-Tank, Cobra Helicopter Wing. The beginning of 1993 saw him as Deputy Commander of Jordanian Special Forces till he took full command in November 1993. He commanded these forces till October 1996, when he was instructed to re-organize this and other elite units into the Special Operations Command (SOCCOM). In 1998, as SOCCOM Commander, he was promoted to the rank of Major General and continued this command until the passing away of His Majesty King Hussein in February 1999. In addition to his career as an army officer, King Abdullah II served Jordan many times in the official capacity of Regent in the absence of the late King Hussein, and regularly traveled on official missions. He was proclaimed Crown Prince on the 24th of January 1999 by a Royal Decree. He had also assumed the position of Crown Prince at birth by a Royal Decree until April 1st, 1965. Since his ascension to the throne, King Abdullah II has continued his late father’s commitment to creating a strong and positive moderating role for Jordan within the Arab region and the world, and has worked towards the establishment of a just and lasting comprehensive solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict. King Abdullah II is committed to building on the late King’s legacy to further institutionalize democratic and political pluralism in Jordan. He has exerted extensive effort to insuring sustainable levels of economic growth and social development aimed at improving the standard of living of all Jordanians. He is also working towards modernizing Jordan’s information technology and educational systems. Under King Abdullah’s reign, Jordan was admitted to the World Trade Organization, and ratified agreements for the establishment of a Free Trade Area with the United States of America, the European Union, the European Free Trade Association countries, and sixteen Arab countries. King Abdullah II has also been involved in the drive for national administrative reform, as well as governmental transparency and accountability. He has been working on the advancement of civil liberties making Jordan one of the most progressive countries in the Middle East. Also, he has been involved in enacting the necessary legislations that guarantee women a full role in the Kingdom’s socio-economic and political life. King Abdullah II married Queen Rania on June 10th, 1993. The Royal Couple


Which former Blue Peter presenter went on to present darts coverage on television?

Blue Peter presenters... where are they now? | Radio Times Twitter Blue Peter presenters... where are they now? As the Blue Peter badge celebrates its fiftieth birthday this week - we track down some of the most loved presenters of the iconic BBC children's show Comments 4:59 PM, 18 June 2013 Peter Purves On Blue Peter: 16 November 1967- 23 March 1978 The Blue Peter lothario (well, Valerie Singleton admitted to a brief affair with him so that makes him a lothario in our books) is now 74 and lives in Suffolk with his second wife, Kathryn. Unlike his co-presenter John Noakes, Purves managed to carve out a successful post BP career and even the dog he was given – Petra – saw him earn a place presenting Crufts (thus scaling the kind of giddy heights that Noakes and his beloved dog Shep could only have dreamed of). Other work includes presenting shows such as BBC1 motorcycling programme Kick Start and working as a pantomime director (directing more than 30 productions) and appearing as an after dinner speaker. Describing himself as a “terribly ordinary…. very straightforward and simple sort of person” he has expressed a degree of embarrassment in interviews about his sexually adventurous youth – especially regarding Singleton’s claim that he gave her a BSE – big sexual experience – when they worked on the show. Avert your eyes and ears children. John Noakes On Blue Peter: 30 December 1965 - 26 June 1978 Yorkshireman and pre-Peter Duncan Blue Peter action man, John Noakes is probably the grumpiest BP alumnus, if his many appearances on reminscence shows are anything to go by. Still, he looks back fondly to his work with Purves: "It was a bit like an overgrown schoolboy's job. I was Peter Pan really. I sometimes think I still am... Peter and me worked so well together, like Laurel and Hardy." If the tastes of the BP ladies were anything to go by he was probably more Hardy than Laurel as Purves and not Noakes apparently pulled both Valerie Singleton and Lesley Judd. Never one to shy away from criticising the show, which he said never paid him enough and should have insured him for all those cer-razy stunts of his, Noakes' career was never quite the same post BP. Yes he remains the longest serving presenter (12 years and 6 months) and made Go With Noakes which he appeared on with his beloved Shep. But who remembers that? He's also written a children's book, The Flight of the Magic Clog, and in 1982  tried (unsuccessfully) to sail around the world. He has more recently appeared on I'm Famous And Frightened and Worst Celebrity Driver and still lives, we believe, in Mallorca. Simon Groom 5 May 1978 to 23 June 1986 This writer’s favouritest ever presenter (I used to watch him walking his gorgeous Golden Retriever dog Goldie near my house in the early 1980’s) Groom was notable for making sexual innuendos; (“what a beautiful pair of knockers”, “as long as you have a good length you can always manage a good lay” etc.). Apparently the trick was to say them and get out of the studio before a furious Biddy Baxter could come down from the gallery above and berate him. Groom had a cool side – he was spotted by the show when working as a DJ (stage name Neil St John) and enjoyed a stint presenting various TV and radio documentaries and remained the show’s countryside correspondent after he left in 1986. He now lives in Matlock, Derbyshire where he heads his own television production company and has enjoyed his time presenting Groom's Gold - "two hours of great music and nostalgia to brighten your weekend" for BBC Radio Sheffield. Mark Curry 23 June 1986 - 26 June 1989 One of the early 1980’s dream team of Curry, Keating and Fielding, this popular presenter has enjoyed a *ahem * quiet life since leaving the show, appearing in panto, satellite TV travel shows, hosting Catchphrase and having a bit part in Last Of The Summer Wine.  He also co-presented Record Breakers for a while, so it is clear that his main interests appear to be outside TV. A qualified tennis coach, he has commentated at Wimbledon for BBC Radio 5, Radio Wimbledon and for Talk R


What name is given to a vent on a volcano that emits smoke and gas?

Volcanic Gases Volcanic Gases and temperature of the magma and the gas content determines if an eruption will be effusive or explosive.   On a global scale, volcanic gases produced our atmosphere and our oceans. Without the atmosphere and oceans, life would not have evolved on Earth.  Gases emitted by volcanoes continue to influence the atmosphere but not to the extent of man-made sources.   Gases also pose a hazard at many volcanoes. At other volcanoes, the gradual release of gas acts as an irritant and may pose a long-term health hazard.   Right:  gas sampling at vents on the floor of Halemaumau Crater, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii.   Photo by Steve Mattox.   Average Compositions and Trace Gases Most Common Gases Water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are the most common volcanic gases. Other Gases In lesser amounts, volcanoes release carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), hydrogen flouride (HF), boron, hydrogen bromine (HBr), mercury (Hg) vapor, organic compounds, even gold. From Cadle (1980). Mercury is released by most volcanoes and has been measured at Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hekla, Erebus, at Mount St. Helens (Siegel and Siegel, 1987).  Kilauea produces about 270 tons of mercury each year and has been identified as the source for mercury on Oahu, 320 km away. Condensates, sublimates, and incrustations were studied at Merapi volcano by Symonds and others (1987). The following elements were found: Se, Re, Bi, and Cd at concentrations 100,000 that in the ; Au, Br, In, Pb, and W at concentrations 100,000 to 10,000 that in the magma; Mo, Cl, Cs, S, Sn, and Ag at concentrations 10,000 to 1,000 that in the magma; As, Zn, F, and Rb at concentrations 1,000 to 100 that in the magma; Cu, K, Na, Sb, Ni, Ga, V, Fe, Mn, and Li at concentrations 100 to 1 that in the magma. Gold has condensed from volcanic gases. Meeker and others (1991) reported gold at Mount Erebus, Antarctica. They found gold in the plume near the , in the air up to 1000 km from the volcano and in near surface samples. Most of these gases originate in the mantle and are transported to the crust and surface by complex interactions with magma and rocks encountered along the way. In general, the gases are dissolved in the magma. At shallow depths, as pressure on the magma decreases, the gases leave the magma (exsolve).  The gases can interact with surrounding rocks or continue to the surface. Inset Image:  Sulfur deposits near the summit of Griggs volcano, Alaska. Photo by Jay Robinson. Gas Compositions and Tectonic Setting Symonds, Rose, Bluth, and Gerlach (1994) published a list of compositions of high-temperature volcanic-gas samples. They also have a comprehensive list of published sources for high-quality volcanic-gas data . Convergent-plate volcanoes: Etna, Mount St. Helens, Merapi Divergent-plate volcanoes: Erta Ale, Surtsey Hot-spot volcano: Kilauea Equilibrium compositions, temperatures, and log fO2 values of high-temperature and low-pressure (1 bar) volcanic gases. Concentrations are in mole %; log fO2 given in log bars.   There are three primary ways that gas geochemists collect data:  Estimates from Rocks, Minerals, and Inclusions Scientists can determine the amount and types of gas in a rock, in the minerals within a rock, or in the gas inclusions in minerals or glass (Ihinger and others, 1994). The methods fall into four classes: bulk extraction, energetic particle bombardment, vibrational spectroscopic techniques, and phase equilibrium studies. These method are used in experimental studies and for rocks from all tectonic settings, historic eruptions, and large pre-historic eruptions.  Some methods have been found to underestimate the observed amount of gas released during some historic eruption. Thus, the methods may give an estimate of the minimum amount of gas released. For example, Gerlach and McGee (1994) used melt inclusion data to estimate 0.08 Mt of SO2 emitted by


"Who composed the ""Antarctic Symphony""?"

Famous Composer's new Antarctic Symphony. Interested in Writing Falklands Musical Work. — MercoPress Wednesday, May 2nd 2001 - 21:00 UTC Full article The internationally renowned composer and conductor , Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, who has written the first Antarctic Symphony for fifty years, says he would love to revisit the Falklands which, he says, could inspire him to write music about the Islands. Sir Peter, who lives in the Orkney Islands of Scotland, was commissioned by the British Antarctic Survey to compose his symphony to mark the 50th anniversary of Vaughan Williams Sinfonia Antarctica, whose premiere he attended as a schoolboy student of music in Manchester in 1953. In contrast to Vaughan Williams, who wrote the score for the film "Scott of the Antarctic" but never visited the Antarctic, it was a condition for Sir Peter's assignment that he had to go to Antarctica after passing stringent medical tests. Sir Peter spent a month in the Antarctic as a guest of BAS scientists. His symphony has its world premiere at London's Festival Hall on Saturday, May 6th, with him conducting the Philharmonic Orchestra. He found this, his eight symphony a great challenge but derived unique inspiration from his Antarctica sojourn, which he graphically described in an interview with Mercopress. "I experienced this extraordinary landscape and frozen seascape and a silence such as I have never known before...It was midsummer and a wonderful, wonderful experience --- the sheer physical pleasure of watching Rothera , the main BAS base, walking around freely and watching the sea change as the ice melted". He also spent time in a tent on an ice shelf, which has since broken up and disappeared, and also at a remote little hut called Fossil Bluff on a cliff overlooking a frozen sea. He came face to face with curious penguins, watched many seabirds and enjoyed the company of the BAS scientists whose work greatly impressed him.  "They looked after me very well", he said, as he recalled the experiences and hardship endured by the great explorers like Scott and Shackleton whose literature, he says, fascinated him. He remembers vividly the sound of breaking ice as the BAS Survey ship James Clark Ross broke her way through. These sounds and images he has incorporated in his symphony. On his way back to the United Kingdom, he spent several days in the Falklands, with old friends, Tom Eggeling (Falklands Environmental Planning Officer) and his wife, Megan, whom he knew in the Orkney Islands, where Tom was Planning Officer. Sir Peter was impressed by the Islands and the people. "I woul


"Which organisation has the motto ""Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity""?"

Fbi Motto | Motto Fbi Motto Images gallery of fbi motto Federal Bureau of Investigation Flag of the Federal Bureau of Investigation: Motto: Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity: Its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1935. What is the FBI motto? ChaCha Questions Answers ChaCha What is the FBI motto? ChaCha Answer: The FBI motto is "Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity." What is the FBI's motto? ChaCha Questions Answers ChaCha What is the FBI's motto? ChaCha Answer: The FBI's motto is "Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity". Chacha on! FBI — Seal Motto Seal and Motto. Heraldry of the Seal. Each symbol and color in the FBI seal has special significance. The dominant blue field of the seal and the scales on the shield What is FBI motto The Q&A wiki Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity. [F.B.I] What is the motto for the FBI The Q&A wiki What is the FBI's motto? Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity What is FBI motto? Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity. [F.B.I] Is it an FBI or a FBI? Which organisation has the motto "Fidelity bravery integrity"? HeavensArrow: FBI MOTTO The FBI motto is "Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity." MISSION The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against What is the FBI Motto? Besides Fed. Bureau of Investigation Best Answer: The FBI motto is "Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity." that is funny.. "Fidelity, Bravery and Integrity" The actual FBI Seal is in color and Posted by Admin on Saturday, June 29, 2013 - Rating: 4.5 Title : Fbi Motto Description :  Images gallery of fbi motto     Federal Bureau of Investigation    Flag of the Federal Bureau of Investigation: Motto: Fidelity, B... Share to


"In which American city did Martin Luther King make his famous ""I have a dream"" speech?"

Did MLK Improvise in the 'Dream' Speech? | African American Blog | The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. | Originally posted on The Root Five Score and 50 Years Ago … This year marks the 150th anniversary of the  Emancipation Proclamation , issued at the midpoint of the American Civil War, and the  50th anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom , a moment that marked the spiritual summit of the civil rights movement. In place and time, they are joined at the  Lincoln Memorial  on the Mall in Washington, the nation’s shrine to the president who signed the proclamation declaring the slaves of the Confederate states free and the King who, 100 later, spoke to the disappointments and dreams of their descendants. Today, the words of both men — authors of arguably the two greatest speeches in American history,  the Gettysburg Address  and the  “I Have a Dream” speech  (pdf) — are etched in stone and in memory at the  Lincoln  and  King  Memorials in Washington. Lincoln Memorial, Aug. 28, 1963 (Public Domain) No one understood the poetry of their parallel moments better than the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. himself, who, speaking in front of Daniel Chester French’s iconic seated Lincoln statue, began his speech, “Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation Proclamation … But 100 hundred years later the Negro still is not free.” In this way, Dr. King framed Abraham Lincoln as the Great Emancipator and made freedom — “at last” — the ideal by which we measure progress in our country. So effective was King in tying the memory of Lincoln to the cause of civil rights that most of us now see the Lincoln Memorial as the obvious site, the holiest of holy places, where history and racial progress meet. So, it was — it had to be — the perfect backdrop for the ultimate barrier breaker, Barack Obama, to stand on the  eve of his inauguration  in 2009. Yet, as we shall see, there was nothing inevitable about the choice of the Lincoln Memorial as the logical place for racial protests throughout the early 20th century, or as the staging ground for Dr. King’s most memorable speech. Last week, we honored  Bayard Rustin , the architect of the march; today, we examine the moment that remains most closely associated with it. But first, it’s important that we all understand a bit of the complicated background about the setting … 1922: A Dedication or an Opening? The  NAACP  was founded in Springfield, Ill., Feb. 12, 1909, the centennial of Abraham Lincoln’s birth. Yet, at the opening of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington May 30, 1922, security guards tried to “Jim Crow” black guests into a separate section from whites, despite the presence of a black orator onstage, the president of Tuskegee Institute,  Robert Russa Moton , who, in addition to serving on numerous national boards, published an annual list of blacks lynched in the United States. (Sources for this last fact include the Afro-American newspaper from June 2, 1922, and Moton’s New York Times obituary from June 1, 1940.) The title of Moton’s speech,  “The Negro’s Debt to Lincoln,”  might have been the other way around (given the role of black soldiers in the Civil War), but Moton agreed to tone down his remarks to placate the Memorial Commission, as Adam Fairclough writes in his article  “Civil Rights and the Lincoln Memorial.”   Even then, Moton managed to slip in his view of Lincoln’s ambivalence about emancipation: “The claim of greatness for Abraham Lincoln lies in this, that amid doubt and distrust, against the counsel of chosen advisers, in the hour of the nation’s utter peril, he put his trust in God and spoke the word that gave freedom to a race.” No mainstream newspaper covered the attempt to segregate black guests at the dedication or that 21 guests apparently stormed out. (I checked ProQuest for these facts after reading other valuable historical accounts by Scott Sandage and Christopher Thomas.) They did cover President Warren G. Harding’s keynote address, in which he san


"b Which actor played the US president in the TV series ""The West Wing""?"

The West Wing (TV Series 1999–2006) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Inside the lives of staffers in the West Wing of the White House. Creator: As the Haitian army continues their seizure of the American embassy there, Bartlet and the staff prepare for the announcement that Bartlet has M.S. and most decide whether or not Bartlet will seek ... 9.7 The President is rushed to hospital following a shooting; staffers field questions on protection measures and executive authority. Flashbacks show how key staff members joined the Bartlet campaign. 9.5 Josh speaks to a psychiatrist about the events of the last three weeks: Toby hired musicians for the foyer, an Air Force pilot disobeyed orders, Yo-Yo Ma performed at the White House, and Josh ... 9.4 a list of 42 titles created 17 May 2012 a list of 24 titles created 16 Dec 2013 a list of 42 titles created 19 Jan 2014 a list of 23 titles created 11 months ago a list of 26 titles created 5 months ago Title: The West Wing (1999–2006) 8.8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     2     Golden Globes. Another    117 wins & 253 nominations. See more awards  » Photos Edit Storyline Cutthroat presidential advisers get their personal lives hopelessly tangled up with professional duties as they try to conduct the business of running a country. Fictional Democratic President Josiah "Jed" Bartlet suffers no fools, and that policy alienates many. He and his dedicated staffers struggle to balance the needs of the country with the political realities of Washington, D.C., working through two presidential terms that include countless scandals, threats and political scuffles, as well as the race to succeed Bartlet as the leader of the free world. Written by Jwelch5742 What is Next ? See more  » Genres: 22 September 1999 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Did You Know? Trivia At the end of its run in May 2006 and celebrated at its final Emmy appearance in August 2006, The West Wing (1999) ended up with a grand total of 26 Emmys, the most in history for a drama series, tied with Hill Street Blues (1981). See more » Goofs Secret Service code names for the First Family always begin with the same letter (for example, the Obama family code names are Renegade, Renaissance, Radiance, and Rosebud), which means that if President Bartlet's code name was Eagle, Zoey's would not have been Bookbag. Her code name would have begun with the letter E as well. See more » Quotes See more » Crazy Credits Episode titles are usually the first thing shown on screen (after recaps). This is one of the only American series to show episode titles before its opening credits. See more » Connections (Midwest USA) – See all my reviews This is the finest show ever produced for TV. Each episode is a triumph. The casting, the writing, the timing are all second to none. This cast performs miracles. The secret to this show is that it is, at heart, a comedy, even when tragic things are happening. That gives Martin Sheen, Allison Janney, Bradley Whitford, Richard Schiff et al. the room to work. And do they ever. It works because it is deep, the characters are well-drawn. Early in the first season, CJ gets a root canal and walks around for the rest of the episode with cotton stuffed in her mouth, yelling things like" The Pwesident must be bweefed!" This has to be seen to be believed. It had me literally on the floor, laughing until I feared I would hurt myself. I don't know how many shows have tried cheap stunts like that and they are just that, cheap. On "The West Wing" it works because we know CJ, we know how unlike her, and yet like her, that moment is. And Toby's slow-burn reaction is pitch perfect. Bravo. 69 of 90 people found this review helpful.  Was this review helpful to you? Yes


Irish Mythology - The Merrow (Sea Fairies) Home      2010      September      Irish Mythology – The Merrow (Sea Fairies) Irish Mythology – The Merrow (Sea Fairies) According to Gaelic legend, the Merrow frolicked in the frigid waters near the rugged Irish coastline…these sea fairies were women from the waist up, and fish from the waist down. Although there were also male Merrow, they were far less attractive and irresistible than their female counterparts…in fact, they were believed to be monstrous, ugly beings with bright green hair! The male Merrow abducted hapless sailors and kept them enslaved below the sea! Understandably, the female Merrow tended to prefer the company of human men, rather than pairing off with their own kind… The females also had green hair (in a softer, prettier shade of that color), or long, golden tresses…they always wore enchanted caps which allowed them to swim far beneath the sea’s surface and to live safely underwater. Beautiful And Alluring…The Merrow Enticed Human Beings… The beautiful songs the Merrow sang lured others to them – just like the Sirens of Greek mythology, they used music to entice humans. These mermaids were mostly kind, but occasionally, they would lash out at sailors or anyone else who startled them at the wrong moment. The Irish were suspicious of these sea fairies, who could be violent or friendly by turns…they could be dangerous foes. Tales of violence (such as pulling the arms and legs off of their victims) were not uncommon… According to the Gaelic myths, human men would see the beautiful female Merrow on the shores, and they would become smitten with them, despite the risks…some would try to steal their cohuleen driuth (magic caps), so that they could not go back underwater. Many marriages (some less than ideal, given the method of “wooing”) were thusly arranged between Merrow and man… The Merrow who lived with men on the land (by choice or by necessity), would often tire of their new circumstances. In time, these charming creatures would grow homesick for the sea, and the lucky ones, who still had their magic caps, would find a way to return… Other female Merrow would sometimes lure desirable men with their sweet voices and their magical wiles, and then take them under the waves to live amongst their own fairy kind. They would dwell together in a bewitched state, sometimes for years and years… The powerful magic of the Merrow grants them a special place in Gaelic mythology… Celebrate The Irish Spirit With A Sapphire Engagement Ring If you are of Irish (or Celtic) heritage, you’ll adore this stunning Celtic engagement ring . Adorned with a shining sapphire and two sparkling diamonds, it also features ornate knot work. The Trinity Knots that add so much richness and dimension to this Irish engagement ring also have a special meaning…they symbolize the Father, the Son, and The Holy Spirit. Since the sixth century, the Irish people have regarded this symbol with reverence. It appears on art treasures, stone monuments, and illuminated texts… Honor your heritage as you embark on a new journey into matrimony..this ring blends the past, the present, and the future. History and quality meet in this special design, which is handcrafted in Ireland. For more Irish and Celtic jewelry designs, browse our convenient, online Irish jewelry store… Related posts: 6 thoughts on “Irish Mythology – The Merrow (Sea Fairies)” Tom Raimbault This was a fascinating read! I totally get into this stuff! Great job! james colbert This is one of the reasons why I love the Pirates of the Carribbean movie . . . the mermaid scene ! Merrows to catch meadows everyone ! Leave a Reply


Monopoly History - Invention of Monopoly Criteria: Modern prototype. Entrepreneur. Birth: August 10, 1889 Death: August 29, 1967 Nationality: American Milestones: 1883 George S. Parker publishes and market a game he had invented       called BANKING. 1904 The Landlord's       Game, patented by Lizzie Magie 1910 published by the Economic       Game Company of New York. 1924 Lizzie Magie issued another       patent for her enhanced board game, September 24, 1924 1929 Ruth Hoskins and friends changed the game street names       to street names.in Atlantic City 1932 "Finance", patented by Dan       Layman,by the Economic Game Co.for Knapp Toys and Games 1933 Charles Darrow manufactures 5,000 Monopoly games and sells       them at a Philadelphia store. 1935 Charles Darrow issued a patent for Monopoly, December 31,       1935.Assigned to Parker Brothers 1935 Monopoly board       game, Marketed on a broad scale by       Parker Brothers on November 5. 1938 "Inflation," manufactured by a Texan named Rudy Copeland.. 1948 All Monopoly game boards sold prior to 1949 carry both Magie's       and Darrow's patents. 1974 'Anti-Monopoly'       marketed by Ralph Anspach 1983 U. S. Supreme Court found     for Anspach because Darrow did not actually invent the game Monopoly, board game, The Landlord's Game, Lizzie Magie, Ruth Hoskins, Finance, Dan Layman, Inflation, Anti-Monopoly, Rudy Copeland,     Ralph Anspach, invention, history,      inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, fascinating      facts. The Story: Monopoly was     first marketed on a broad scale by Parker Brothers on November 5, 1935..Today, an estimated 500 million players     from around the globe have been mesmerized by the MONOPOLYï¿½ game since its creation. It remains a classic, passed down from generation to generation, making it the     world's most popular game.  Although     Monopoly is frequently said to have been invented by Charles Darrow in     1935, its origins actually go back to when Lizzie     Magie, patented 748,626 (US) issued January 5, 1904, a game called "The Landlord's Game" with the object of     demonstrating how rents enrich property owners and impoverish tenants.     She knew that some people can find it hard to understand why this     happens and what might be done about it and she thought that if Georgist     ideas (that is, a supporter of political economist Henry George), were put into the concrete form of a game, they might be easier to     demonstrate. This original game was enjoyable but although patented it was not taken     up by a manufacturer until 1910 when it was published in the US by the     Economic Game Company of New York. Apart from commercial distribution,     it spread by word of mouth and was played in slightly variant home-made     versions over the years by Quakers, Georgists, university students and     others who became aware of it. As it spread, its rules were changed,     most notably in dropping the second phase of the game during which a     Land tax was introduced to replace the other taxes, and the shortened     game became known as "Auction Monopoly". It was often localized; the original fanciful property names being     replaced by street names from the cities where the players lived. By the     late 1920s it was known as just plain "Monopoly" and was played very     much as it is now. One version of the game, commonly played in the     Philadelphia area, had Atlantic City street name. In 1929 Ruth Hoskins     began playing Monopoly in Indianapolis with her brother James and his     friend Robert Frost "Pete" Daggett Jr., who was a friend of Dan Layman. In 1933, Charles B. Darrow played a game on     oil cloth on his kitchen table, fell in love with the game's exciting     promise of fame and fortune. He played "Monopoly" at home with his     family and friends.


Which university opened in Birmingham in 1966?

A History of Birmingham, England A BRIEF HISTORY OF BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND By Tim Lambert BIRMINGHAM IN THE MIDDLE AGES Birmingham is the second largest city in England. It began as a Saxon village. In the early 12th century it grew into a town. In 1166 the King gave the Lord of the Manor, Peter De Birmingham, the right to hold a weekly market at Birmingham. Once a market was up and running merchants and craftsmen came to live in Birmingham and it soon developed into a busy little town. In 1250 the people of Birmingham were given the right to hold a fair each Summer. In the Middle Ages a fair was like a market but it was held only once a year. Birmingham's fair attracted buyers and sellers from all over the Midlands. Medieval Birmingham became known for its wool industry. Wool was woven and dyed in the town. By the late 14th century Birmingham was also known for its metalworking industry. By then it was also known for leather working. Leather was tanned then used to make gloves, saddles, bottles, shoes and many other things. In the Middle Ages the church ran the only hospitals. In them monks would care for the sick and poor as best they could. In the early 13th century a 'hospital' dedicated to St Thomas was built in Birmingham. In 1500 Birmingham was still a small market town with a population of about 1,500. It would seem tiny to us and even by the standards of the time it was a little town. The Old Crown House was built in the 14th century. BIRMINGHAM IN THE 16th CENTURY AND 17th CENTURY In the 16th century Birmingham grew rapidly. In 1547 the population was around 1,800 people. By 1560 it had probably passed 2,000. In the 17th century Birmingham continued to grow rapidly. In 1650 it had a population of around 5,000. By then it was a fairly large and important place. In 1570 a writer said Birmingham was 'full of inhabitants and echoing with forges. The lower part of it is very wet, the upper adorned with handsome buildings'. Aston Hall was built in 1635. In the Middle Ages there was only one fair in Birmingham but by the early 16th century there were two. Furthermore in the Middle Ages there was also just one general market but by the middle of the 16th century there were three specialized markets, the Corn market, the Welsh market and the English market. Wool was still woven and dyed in Tudor Birmingham. Leather was also tanned and made into goods in the town. There was, in the 16th century, a leather hall in Birmingham where it could be bought and sold. However the newer industry of metalworking was fast taking over. Tudor Birmingham gained a reputation as a place where cutlers made knives, nailers made nails and many blacksmiths worked at their forges. Birmingham had 3 natural advantages. Firstly it was near to a source of iron ore. Secondly it was by a coal seam, which provided fuel for forges. Lastly it was surrounded by streams so that watermills could power the bellows for forges. In the middle of the 16th century a grammar school was founded in Birmingham. The civil war between king and parliament began in 1642. In October 1642 the king came to Birmingham with his army. His soldiers looted the houses of civilians. After the king left the townspeople attacked his baggage train and looted it. In April 1643 a royalist army was sent to capture Birmingham. The townspeople erected earth defenses across the roads but the royalists simply marched across open country into the town. They then set about plundering Birmingham again. The first mention of a fire engine in Birmingham was in 1695. BIRMINGHAM IN THE 18th CENTURY St Phillips Church was built in 1715. By 1720 Birmingham had a population between 11,000 and 12,000. By 1750 the population had risen to around 24,000. By the end of the century the population of Birmingham had risen to 73,000. Industry in Birmingham continued to boom during the 18th century. Metalworking of all kinds flourished in the town. Artifacts made in Birmingham included buckles for shoes, blades, pins, nails, screws, bolts and buttons. Some craftsmen made brass fittings such as handles for coffin


"Who was the court jester in Shakespeare's ""As You Like It""?"

Shakespeare's Fools - Touchstone in As You Like It Shakespeare's Fools: Touchstone in As You Like It From The Fools of Shakespeare by Frederick Warde. London: McBride, Nast & company. "A Worthy Fool" To term Touchstone a clown, as he is called in the cast of characters of "As You Like It," seems to me both a misnomer and an injustice. His knowledge, his wisdom, his wit and his faculty - of observation, raise him far above the condition that such a term would imply. Fool to the court of The Duke, whose dukedom is not named, the character of Touchstone is a most positive and complete conception of the mediaeval jester, and he more fully realizes the accomplishments essential to that office, as described by Viola in the "Twelfth Night," than any other of the motley-minded gentlemen that the poet has created. He is a man of considerable learning, his wit is never lacking in wisdom, he chooses the object of his jests with prudence, the time with discretion, the matter with judgment, and he is never at a loss for a reply that is apt and to the point. Touchstone scorns mere persiflage, is happily free from the punning habit, and is seldom a corrupter of words; he makes his jests by logical deductions, with a good premise, a sound argument, and a positive conclusion. This same happy quality may be found in his encounters with the gentlemen of the court, the ladies in their disguises, the simple shepherds in the forest, and with the grave philosopher Jaques; indeed, it is the latter gentleman who most accurately summarizes the accomplishments, and gives the keynote to the jester's character, when he presents him to the Duke: "Is not this a rare fellow, good my lord? he is as good at anything, and yet a fool." The wit of Touchstone does not scintillate, but burns with a steady flame; it is not like the sparks that fly from the contact of tempered steel, but the bright and ruddy glow that radiates from molten metal in the crucible. It is sententious rather than brilliant, more philosophic than frivolous, and invariably epigrammatic. His hutpor is never malicious, nor his satire bitter; he shoots his wit at every mark that presents itself, but his shafts are harmless; they have no barb and leave no sting. Touchstone is not a buffoon, he does not play practical jests nor indulge in such pranks as did that "mad rogue" Yorick. Had it been. Touchstone in the churchyard at Elsinore when the sexton was digging a grave, he would not have poured a flagon of wine over the old grave-digger's head; he would probably have leaned against one of the old yew trees, watched the proceedings with quiet reflection, and if the old sexton had advanced any of his socialistic theories, the jester would have argued the matter to the end, and no doubt have beaten him on his own proposition. There are no demonstrations or expressions of affection by Touchstone, as by the fool in "King Lear," yet he is not lacking in loyalty; he leaves the court of Duke Frederick to follow the fortunes of Celia, the Duke's daughter, out of sincere regard, running the risk of the Duke's displeasure and probably of punishment if discovered; he accepts the fatigues of the journey and the discomforts of life in the forest of Arden without hesitation or complaint; he readily adapts himself to his new environment, keeps his own counsel, as well as that of his mistress, and holds the secret of the disguises of Celia and Rosalind inviolate. My first acquaintance with Touchstone was made many years ago, at Manchester, in England. A very elaborate production of "As You Like It" was presented at the Prince's Theater there. I played the part of Orlando to the Rosalind of that beautiful and incomparable actress, Miss Adelaide Neilson. Mr. Compton was the fool. I cannot imagine a more adequate and effective performance of the part than Mr. Compton gave; his quaint personality, his unctuous humor, his artistic instinct, added to his ripe experience, combined to present a complete embodiment of the poet's design. The mobility of his features