Banting, Best and MacLeod are renowned for the discovery of what in 1922?

The Discovery of Insulin The Discovery of Insulin   Before the discovery of insulin, diabetes      was a feared disease that most certainly led to death. Doctors knew      that sugar worsened the condition of diabetic patients and that the      most effective treatment was to put the patients on very strict diets where sugar intake was kept to a minimum. At best, this treatment could      buy patients a few extra years, but it never saved them. In some cases,   the harsh diets even caused patients to die of starvation. During the nineteenth century, observations of patients who died   of diabetes often showed that the pancreas was damaged. In 1869,   a German medical student, Paul Langerhans, found that within the   pancreatic tissue that produces digestive juices there were clusters   of cells whose function was unknown. Some of these cells were eventually   shown to be the insulin-producing beta cells. Later, in honor of   the person who discovered them, the cell clusters were named the   islets of Langerhans. In 1889 in Germany, physiologist Oskar Minkowski and physician Joseph   von Mering, showed that if the pancreas was removed from a dog, the   animal got diabetes. But if the duct through which the pancreatic   juices flow to the intestine was ligated - surgically tied off so   the juices couldn't reach the intestine - the dog developed minor   digestive problems but no diabetes. So it seemed that the pancreas   must have at least two functions: To produce digestive juices To produce a substance that regulates the sugar glucose This hypothetical internal secretion was the key. If a substance   could actually be isolated, the mystery of diabetes would be solved.   Progress, however, was slow.   Banting's Idea In October 1920 in Toronto, Canada, Dr. Frederick Banting, an unknown      surgeon with a bachelor's degree in medicine, had the idea that the      pancreatic digestive juices could be harmful to the secretion of the   pancreas produced by the islets of Langerhans. He therefore wanted to ligate the pancreatic ducts in order to stop   the flow of nourishment to the pancreas. This would cause the pancreas   to degenerate, making it shrink and lose its ability to secrete the   digestive juices. The cells thought to produce an antidiabetic secretion   could then be extracted from the pancreas without being harmed. Early in 1921, Banting took his idea to Professor John Macleod at   the University of Toronto, who was a leading figure in the study   of diabetes in Canada. Macleod didn't think much of Banting's theories.   Despite this, Banting managed to convince him that his idea was worth   trying. Macleod gave Banting a laboratory with a minimum of equipment   and ten dogs. Banting also got an assistant, a medical student by   the name of Charles Best. The experiment was set to start in the   summer of 1921. Banting, right, and Best, left, with one of the      diabetic dogs used in experiments with insulin. Credits: University of Toronto Archives   The Experiment Begins Banting and Best began their experiments by removing the pancreas   from a dog. This resulted in the following: It's blood sugar rose. It became thirsty, drank lots of water, and urinated more often. It became weaker and weaker. The dog had developed diabetes. Experimenting on another dog, Banting and Best surgically ligated   the pancreas, stopping the flow of nourishment, so that the pancreas   degenerated. After a while, they removed the pancreas, sliced it up, and froze   the pieces in a mixture of water and salts. When the pieces were   half frozen, they were ground up and filtered. The isolated substance   was named "isletin." The extract was injected into the diabetic dog. Its blood glucose   level dropped, and it seemed healthier and stronger. By giving the   diabetic dog a few injections a day, Banting and Best could keep   it healthy and free of symptoms. Banting and Best showed their result to Macleod, who was impressed,   but h


Which US President was the first to live in the White House?

History | whitehouse.gov Holidays History This is really what the White House is all about. It’s the “People’s House.” It’s a place that is steeped in history, but it’s also a place where everyone should feel welcome. And that's why my husband and I have made it our mission to open up the house to as many people as we can. Michelle Obama Our first president,  George Washington , selected the site for the White House in 1791. The cornerstone was laid in 1792 and a competition design submitted by Irish-born architect James Hoban was chosen. After eight years of construction,  President John Adams  and his wife, Abigail, moved into the unfinished house in 1800. During the War of 1812, the British set fire to the President’s House in 1814. James Hoban was appointed to rebuild the house, and  President James Monroe  moved into the building in 1817. During Monroe’s administration, the South Portico was constructed in 1824, and  Andrew Jackson  oversaw the addition of the North Portico in 1829. During the late 19th century, various proposals were made to significantly expand the President’s House or to build an entirely new house for the president, but these plans were never realized. In 1902,Our first president, George Washington, selected the site for the White House in 1791. The cornerstone was laid in 1792 and a competition design submitted by Irish-born architect James Hoban was chosen. After eight years of construction, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved into the unfinished house in 1800. During the War of 1812, the British set fire to the President’s House in 1814. James Hoban was appointed to rebuild the house, and President James Monroe moved into the building in 1817. During Monroe’s administration, the South Portico was constructed in 1824, and Andrew Jackson oversaw the addition of the North Portico in 1829. During the late 19th century, various proposals were made to significantly expand the President’s House or to build an entirely new house for the president, but these plans were never realized. The White House In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt began a major renovation of the White House, including the relocation of the president’s offices from the Second Floor of the Residence to the newly constructed temporary Executive Office Building (now known as the West Wing). The Roosevelt renovation was planned and carried out by the famous New York architectural firm McKim, Mead and White. Roosevelt’s successor, President William Howard Taft, had the Oval Office constructed within an enlarged office wing. Less than fifty years after the Roosevelt renovation, the White House was showing signs of serious structural weakness. President Harry S. Truman began a renovation of the building in which everything but the outer walls were dismantled. The reconstruction was overseen by architect Lorenzo Winslow, and the Truman family moved back into the White House in 1952. Every president since John Adams has occupied the White House, and the history of this building extends far beyond the construction of its walls. From the Ground Floor Corridor rooms, transformed from their early use as service areas, to the State Floor rooms, where countless leaders and dignitaries have been entertained, the White House is both the home of the President of the United States his family and a museum of American history. The White House is a place where history continues to unfold. White House Trivia There are 132 rooms, 35 bathrooms, and 6 levels in the Residence. There are also 412 doors, 147 windows, 28 fireplaces, 8 staircases, and 3 elevators. At various times in history, the White House has been known as the "President's Palace," the "President's House," and the "Executive Mansion." President Theodore Roosevelt officially gave the White House its current name in 1901. Presidential Firsts while in office... President James Polk (1845-49) was the first President to have his photograph taken... President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-09) was not only the first President to ride in an automobile, but also the first President to trav


From which country does the cheese `Manchego' come?

Manchego Cheese: A True Taste of Spain | The Cheddar Press Manchego Cheese: A True Taste of Spain Posted on June 27, 2016 by johnkassell If you go to the La Mancha region in central Spain, home to the famous Don Quixote, you’ll have the pleasure of tasting queso Manchego, or Manchego cheese. Of course, you can sample this cheese in other parts of the country, and even abroad, but there is nothing like nibbling on the real thing in the land of its origin. This cheese, which is made from sheep’s milk, and aged no less than 60 days, has got a lot of history behind it. Archeological digs have turned up evidence suggesting that this very unique cheese was being made well before the time of Christ. One of the main purposes of making cheese in the past was to persevere the milk and the health benefits derived from dairy, since refrigeration wasn’t available at the time. These days, only very special ewes (female sheep) are used in the Manchego cheese making process. The queso is actually protected by the Spanish Government with a ‘Denominación de Origen,’ which means only certain cheeses can be labeled as Manchego cheese. For this tasty and buttery cheese to be called ‘Manchego,’ it has to come from La Mancha. Only the fatty milk from authentic Manchega ewes, which are descended from sheep that have been roaming these lands for centuries, can be used to create the cheese. And the cheese itself must be aged in local caves. The technical cheese making process consists of milking the ewes by hand, and then putting the milk in curdling vats, where natural curdling enzymes are added to the mix. Then the cheese curd is sliced up into tiny bits and aged. If you ask any of the locals what is the most important aspect in making Manchego cheese, you’re sure to get different answers, but aging the cheese, and the special nature of Manchega ewes will be sure to top the list. If all of the above requirements are met, you still have a choice between classic Manchego cheese that comes from unpasteurized milk, and the kind that comes from pasteurized milk. In addition to these basic distinctions, you can also select quesos of different ages. Manchego cheese is well-known for its creamy texture, but the flavor varies between the semi-cured Manchego Curado and the richer Manchego Viejo. There is even a fresh cheese, Manchego Fresco, you can buy and sample before it has completed the aging process. The best thing for you to do is to head to La Mancha and try all of these wonderful cheeses for yourself.   PURE PROTEIN We all know that a good cheese is a very complete food, a real concentrate of all the fine nutritional qualities of milk. Today I found out that Manchego cheese actually has such a high proportion of proteins that is in fact even richer in proteins than meat! That’s great news for all the veggies out there. Proteins are the building blocks of life. The body needs protein to repair cells and make new ones. Furthermore, protein is also important for growth and development during childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy (and Manchego is a safe cheese for a preggo to eat!). So now you know, next time you fancy some Manchego, stop feeling guilty about it. Yes, it might be rich in calories, but it’s good for you too!


Buddy Rich was famous for his playing of which instrument?

Buddy Rich - Drummer - Biography.com Buddy Rich "Baby Traps, the Drum Wonder" Full Name Drummer Buddy Rich was known for his prodigious talent and fiery temper. His career saw him work with stars like Artie Shaw, Tommy Dorsey and Frank Sinatra. IN THESE GROUPS quotes “Karate teaches you that temper doesn't prove anything.” “There used to be an old joke, 'How many men in your band?' 'I have 16 musicians and a drummer.' Which is a really dumb joke, because you can get the best band in the world, and if you put a bad drummer behind it you have one drummer and 16 bad musicians.” Buddy Rich Synopsis Born September 30, 1917, in Brooklyn, New York, legendary drummer Buddy Rich began his entertainment career as a child star in vaudeville. Rich went on to play with bandleaders Tommy Dorsey and Artie Shaw, and eventually led his own band. Rich continued drumming until shortly before his death in Los Angeles, on April 2, 1987, at age 69. Early Life Buddy Rich was born Bernard Rich in Brooklyn, New York, on September 30, 1917 (some sources say June 30 of the same year). Rich showed enough early talent as a drummer and performer that he followed his parents onto the vaudeville stage when he was only 18 months old. He soon became known as "Baby Traps, the Drum Wonder." Rich performed throughout his childhood, appearing on Broadway when he was 4 and touring Australia at age 6. At one point, he was the second highest-paid child star in the world (after Jackie Coogan), earning about $1,000 a week. Musical Success Although Rich could also sing and dance, drumming was his most impressive talent, especially considering that he was self-taught. This ability helped him make the transition from being a child star to playing in big bands. In 1937, Rich signed with Joe Marsala. Soon after that, Rich joined legendary bandleader Artie Shaw, and then Tommy Dorsey. Rich enlisted in the Marines during World War II, but was soon playing drums again after the war ended. By 1954, Rich was earning $1,500 a week with the Harry James Orchestra, making him the highest-paid sideman in the world. Frank Sinatra provided financial backing for Rich's own band in 1946; unfortunately, the band didn't make enough money to last. However, the band Rich formed in 1966 met with greater success. That group stayed together until 1974, and reunited for tours that continued, on and off, until Rich's death. Even as he grew older, the speed and skill of Rich's drumming was astounding. His later performances often included a medley of songs from West Side Story. This 10-minute solo showcased the intense, virtuoso drumming that was emblematic of Rich's talent. Personal Life Personal considerations usually took second place to Rich's music. Although he suffered a heart attack in 1959, Rich was soon performing again. Rich also kept drumming after he was charged with income tax evasion, and subsequently declared bankruptcy, in 1968. Rich could have a short temper. Though they were friends, he clashed with Sinatra while they were working together in Dorsey's band. Most famously, Rich unleashed fiery tirades on members of his own band. Some of these obscenity-filled rants were recorded on tape and became public. Many fellow musicians and friends felt the explosive outbursts—though going about it in the wrong way—were meant to motivate younger band members to reach the same levels of performance that came so easily to Rich. Death and Legacy Rich had another heart attack in 1983, which required bypass surgery. As always, he resumed drumming soon afterward. However, in 1987, a tumor was discovered in Rich's brain. The tumor was removed in March. While still receiving chemotherapy, Rich died on April 2, in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 69. Many people may know Rich for his volatile outbursts, but he had an impressive career that spanned vaudeville, big bands, swing and jazz. With musical recordings, and videos of his drumming performances onstage, in movies and on TV, Rich's reputation as one of the best drummers the world has ever seen will live on. Fact Check We strive for


What name has been used by three Scottish kings, eight Popes and three Russian Tsars?

Alexander - Meaning And Origin Of The Name Alexander | NAMEANING.NET FakeName Alexander Meaning :      Derived from the Old Greek meaning 'defender of men', the name was first borne by Paris the prince of Troy, who was given the nickname by herdsmen whom he had defended., Defender Of The People, Defender of the People, To defend; man warrior, Name Number: 3 Meaning: Communication, Interaction, Friendship, Joy, Lightness, Humor, Art, Positivity, Optimism Additional information Alexander: Alexander Hamilton, American statesman. From the Latin form of Greek name Alexandros, comprised of 'to defend' and 'man warrior', Alexander became very popular in the post-classical period. Usage is largely derived from the fame of Alexander the Great, King of Macedon. Swedish Meaning: The name Alexander is a Swedish baby name. In Swedish the meaning of the name Alexander is: Defender of man. American Meaning: The name Alexander is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Alexander is: Defender of man. Greek Meaning: The name Alexander is a Greek baby name. In Greek the meaning of the name Alexander is: Defender of men. Alexander the Great was a 4th century Macedonian king for whom the Egyptian city of Alexandria is named. Eight popes and three Russian emperors have been named Alexander. Biblical Meaning: The name Alexander is a Biblical baby name. In Biblical the meaning of the name Alexander is: One who assists men. Shakespearean Meaning: The name Alexander is a Shakespearean baby name. In Shakespearean the meaning of the name Alexander is: Henry VI, Part 2' Alexander Iden, a Kentish gentleman. 'The History of Troilus and Cressida' Servant to Cressida. Both classic and trendy, Alexander comes from the Latin form of the Greek Alexandros, which breaks down into “to defend” (alexo) and “man/warrior” (ander). The meaning is pretty perfect for the name’s most famous bearer -- Alexander the Great, the fourth century B.C. king and conqueror from Macedonia who spread his Greek empire from Asia Minor to Egypt and India. Since then, the name’s been pretty popular -- it’s been used by tons of popes, emperors, kings, and other rulers and has variations in just about every language. In the US, it was mildly popular at the end of the nineteenth century, then took a dip until the ’70s and has been in the top 25 since ’92. Right now, it’s as popular as ever. There are tons of nickname options beyond the obvious Alex -- Xander, Sasha, Alek, and so on -- though you can’t really go wrong with the original. Despite its popularity, Alex has retained its classic but slightly edgy appeal, thanks in part to the trendy “x” ending. Not a bad choice at all. Latinized form of the Greek name Αλεξανδρος (Alexandros), which meant "defending men" from Greek αλεξω (alexo) "to defend, help" and ανηρ (aner) "man" (genitive ανδρος). In Greek mythology this was another name of the hero Paris, and it also belongs to several characters in the New Testament. However, the most famous bearer was Alexander the Great, King of Macedon. In the 4th century BC he built a huge empire out of Greece, Egypt, Persia, and parts of India. Due to his fame, and later medieval tales involving him, use of his name spread throughout Europe. The name has been used by kings of Scotland, Poland and Yugoslavia, emperors of Russia, and eight popes. Other notable bearers include English poet Alexander Pope (1688-1744), American statesman Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804), Scottish-Canadian explorer Sir Alexander MacKenzie (1764-1820), Russian poet Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837), and Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922), the Scottish-Canadian-American inventor of the telephone. Definition funny of Alexander: Usually a very very very goodlooking straight gentleman that has great taste in women. He has a crazy side to him but only shows it infront of true friends. Has great style, is hilarious, amazing, caring, sweet and will make you smile. You will always have a good time with an Alexander, so if you got a friend named Alexander count yourself one of the luckiest people in the world! W


'Britain's Got Talent' judge Amanda Holden's first TV appearance was in 1991 on which programme?

Amanda Holden 1991 Blind Date UK TV (Britain's Got Talent judge) 'Before they were famous' - YouTube Amanda Holden 1991 Blind Date UK TV (Britain's Got Talent judge) 'Before they were famous' Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Apr 19, 2009 An early 1991 appearance on UK TV's Blind Date programme. Then unknown trying to get famous! Now known as a judge on Britain's Got Talent. Category


Which football league club moved from Belle Vue and played their first game at the new Keepmoat Stadium on New Year's Day 2007?

Keepmoat Stadium | Doncaster Rovers FC | Football Ground Guide Football Ground Guide Address: Stadium Way, Doncaster, DN4 5JW Telephone: 01302 764 664 Ticket Office: 01302 762 576 Pitch Size: 109 x 76 yards Club Nickname: Rovers Shirt Sponsors: One Call Insurance Kit Manufacturer: FBT Home Kit: Red and White Hoops Away Kit: Black and Grey Hoops External View WHAT IS THE KEEPMOAT STADIUM LIKE? After 84 years of playing football at their old Belle Vue ground, the Club moved to the Keepmoat stadium, which was opened on January 1st 2007. The Keepmoat stadium cost £21m to build and is also home to Doncaster Lakers Rugby League team as well as ladies football team Doncaster Belles.  To be honest the Keepmoat Stadium, in common with a number of new stadiums, looks far more interesting from the outside that it does on the inside. The stadium is situated next to a lake (which I believe makes Doncaster the only league ground to do so) and looks smart with four interesting looking floodlights, protruding at an angle from the stadium roof. However, on the inside the stadium is rather non-descript. Yes it looks tidy, the stadium is completely enclosed and all the covered stands are of the same height. But it lacks character and it is rather similar to other new stadiums that have been built, except that it is on a smaller scale.  On one side is the West Stand, which is the Main Stand, containing the teams' dressing rooms and having the players tunnel and team dugouts at its front. The primary television gantry is also housed on this side, along with press facilities. Opposite is the Doncaster Success Stand which contains a row of 16 executive boxes, outside which patrons can sit. These run across the back of the stand. Both ends are identical, with the North End of the ground being allocated to away fans.  Unusually the stadium has large access points in three corners of the ground, which can be used if need be, by emergency services. There are two small electric scoreboards situated in the North East & South West corners of the stadium. The stadium is completed with a set of four floodlights which are mounted on the roof in each corner. WHAT IS IT LIKE FOR AWAY SUPPORTERS? Away fans are located in the Case Construction North Stand at one end of the stadium, where around 3,344 fans can be accommodated. If demand requires it then a portion of the East Stand can also be allocated. The view of the playing action, leg room, and facilities are all good, although fans are set well back from the pitch as there is a substantial tarmac looking track which surrounds it.  The concourses are a good size and there are a number of televisions on view to keep supporters entertained. Food included a selection of pies (including the Chicken Balti pie) and pasties at £3.10 each, plus burgers and hot dogs. I found the stadium to be more atmospheric than the Belle Vue ground which was largely open to the elements. This is a bit unusual as most clubs that move to new grounds usually complain that the atmosphere suffers in the new arena, however at the Keepmoat this is not the case. The stewarding was relaxed on my visit and no problems were experienced. The pitch also looked in top condition, although you could still see the lines of a previous rugby league game. The club have their own troupe of cheerleaders called the Vikettes, who provide entertainment before the game and half time. Mark Chatterton a visiting Southend United supporter adds; 'It poured down with rain at our last match and it was noticeable around the stadium that those people sitting in the front rows of the stands, got particularly wet'. Please note that cash is not accepted at the turnstiles, they are ticket only. Tickets can be purchased from the South Stand ticket office. PUBS FOR AWAY FANS As the stadium is on the outskirts of town, then there is not much choice in the way of pubs. There is though the Lakeside, a Beefeater outlet near Stadium Way (you should catch sight of it, if you drive towards the stadium from Junction 3 of the M18). Chris Parkes a visiting Nottingham Forest s


What is the most famous group of dolmens in England called?

What is a Dolmen? - A Glossary of Prehistoric Monuments in Britain What is a Dolmen? - A Glossary of Prehistoric Monuments in Britain How To Understand Prehistoric Buildings in the UK Lanyon Quoit Dolmen in Cornwall.  Michael Tyler/Getty Images By Ferne Arfin Updated January 26, 2016. Britain is littered with mysterious man made structures that are thousands of years old, each with its own special name.  Guidebooks lead us to dolmens, brochs, cromlechi, menhirs as though everyone knows what they are. But what are these things anyway? What do we know about them? And most important, how can you tell what you are looking at when you see one? This alphabetical glossary of the terms used for prehistoric monuments in Britain should help you understand some of these mysteries. Barrow Raised earth and stones over a grave or group of graves. Also called a mound or tumulus. Broch Iron Age building, found in north and west Scotland. It is a massive, round tower built with double-skinned, dry stone walls. The two walls one inside the other, had a space between them and were tied together at various points. This feature meant the towers could rise to up to more than 40 feet. They were once thought to be for defence but there are so many of them that archaeologists now think they had a different purpose. continue reading below our video Before Your Road Trip, Watch This They suggest they were simply statements of ownership or presence on the land meant to impress outsiders. At least 50 have been discovered in Orkney although only a few of them are excavated. See the Broch of Gurness . Byre British term for a cowshed. Prehistoric byres would have sheltered other livestock, and sometimes grain, as well. Cairn At its most basic, a cairn is an arrangement of large stones placed as a memorial, a marker or a warning. In Britain, a ring cairn is a Bronze Age ritual site - a large circle of stones, found mostly in the Northwest of England, perhaps 50 or 60 feet in diameter. Excavations have found evidence of fires and human burials inside these. Kerb cairns, common in mid-Wales, are small circular mounds,surrounded by a kerb of stones that are higher than the mound. Causeway Prehistoric causeways were Iron Age paths across boggy land. They were laid with timbers on pilings to provide a firm footing. The Fiskerton Causeway in the Witham Valley of Lincolnshire was created around 600 B.C. Chambered Tomb Burial places accessed through some kind of portal and divided into one or more rooms for individuals, like a modern mausoleum, suggesting high status burials. Unexcavated chambered tombs look like mounds on the landscape. Some archaeologists now think that the bigger chambered tombs served a ritual function much as modern cathedrals do.  Cist An early form of "coffin" burial in a chest or stone box. See a Bronze Age cist burial . Clapper Bridge Bridges built of long stone slabs supported by dry stone constructed piers. Because of their heavy constructions, they may have been built to allow pack horses to cross small streams. Clapper bridges exist in Dartmoor and Exmoor as well as Snowdonia in Wales. Some date from the middle ages and many are still in regular use on walkers paths. Crannog A small artificial island, site of a prehistoric shelter or house and found in lakes and estuaries in Scotland and Ireland. In the west of Scotland, crannogs have a foundation of stone and are usually overgrown with vegetation because animals don't graze on them. In some places crannogs were built on wooden pilings. See a picture of a crannog on Loch Awe. Cromlech A word used in Wales to described a chambered tomb or the entrance of a chambered tomb. It's similar to a dolmen (see below). Dolmen A large flat stone supported by vertical stones in the form of a portal. Dolmens are the remains of Stone Age tombs after the mounds (or tumuli) associated with them have eroded away. It's also possible that dolmens were only symbolic portals. Henge A circular or oval earthwork with a built up bank and a ditch inside the bank used for ceremonies or for calculating time a


What is the familiar name of the garden flower lathyrus odorata?

Lathyrus odoratus - Plant Finder Plant Finder Tried and Trouble-free Recommended by 2 Professionals Common Name: sweet pea Native Range: Crete, Italy, Sicily Zone: 2 to 11 Height: 3.00 to 8.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: May to July Bloom Description: Cultivars in all colors except yellow Sun: Full sun Garden locations Culture Cool weather annual that is best grown in rich, humusy, medium moisture, well-drained soil in full sun. Tolerates some light shade. Compost may be incorporated into the growing area prior to planting. Best performance occurs in cool soils (soil mulch helps) in cool summer climates with good air circulation. Sweet pea can be a challenge to grow well in hot and humid summers where, as temperatures rise, plants will decline rapidly to the point where removal from the garden becomes necessary. Provide even moisture and regular fertilizer throughout the growing season. Avoid overhead watering to the extent possible. In St. Louis, start seed indoors about 6-8 weeks prior to last spring frost date to maximize bloom time. In warm winter areas, seed may be sown in fall or late fall for winter and spring bloom. Avoid planting sweet peas in the same location in consecutive years. Plants may be grown in bushy mounds or as climbers. Climbers need a support structure on which to grow (e.g., trellis net, fence, strings, stakes or bamboo pyramid). Deadhead spent flowers to prolong bloom. Propagate by seed. Noteworthy Characteristics Lathyrus odoratus, commonly called sweet pea, is a bushy or climbing annual that features highly fragrant flowers (odoratus meaning fragrant) on winged stems clad with medium to dark green leaflets in pairs. Stems end in tendrils which enable plants to climb. As a vine, it will climb to 6-8’ in a single season. Without support, it grows in a bushy mound to 2.5’ tall. Fragrant keeled flowers bloom in clusters. In St. Louis, flowers will bloom well from spring to early summer before succumbing to hot temperatures. Further north in cool weather summers, bloom will continue throughout summer to fall. Species plants feature purple flowers, but numerous cultivars now provide a large variety of additional flower colors (pink, red, blue, lavender, purple, white and bicolor). Cultivars come in large, intermediate and dwarf sizes. Genus name comes from the Greek word lathyros for pea or pulse. Specific epithet means fragrant. Problems No serious insect or disease problems Slugs and snails are attracted to young plants. Aphids may appear. Unlike edible vegetable peas (see Pisum sativum), sweet pea fruits are inedible and poisonous to humans. Garden Uses


Which pretender to the English throne styled himself as Richard 4th?

History Times History: Mystery People of History – Perkin Warbeck, Prince or Pretender? Monday, 12 December 2011 Mystery People of History – Perkin Warbeck, Prince or Pretender? Few mysteries of history have fascinated us as much and prompted so much speculation as the mystery of the disappearance of the Princes in the Tower.  Were the two young princes really murdered in their beds, and if so who by and why? Or were they somehow spirited away from the Tower of London in secret and taken to a safe place to live out their lives in obscurity?  Against the chaos and political instability of that period of English history known as the War of the Roses, it is perhaps not surprising then that several figures came forward during the reign of King Henry VII claiming to be one of the lost princes and becoming a focus for rebellion, and one of the most famous of these royal pretenders was a young man know as Perkin Warbeck. After Henry VII defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 and claimed the English throne by right of conquest, his main tasks were to secure his kingdom and win the loyalty of his nobles and people.  He married Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter King Edward IV, in an attempt to further legitimise his claim to the English crown and unite the Lancastrian and Yorkist factions, even though to do this he had to overturn the ruling that had declared that she and all her siblings were illegitimate due to their father’s alleged pre-contract of marriage with Lady Eleanor Talbot.  But if Elizabeth of York and her sisters were once again recognised as being the legitimate children of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, then so too were her two brothers, King Edward V and Richard, Duke of York.  Many historians consider that to have overturned this ruling, Henry VII must have believed that the two young princes were indeed already dead, as if either of the two boys were still alive, they had a much greater claim to the throne than Henry himself, and he knew that there were still powerful forces both in England and across Europe who would back a Yorkist claimant to the throne. Perkin Warbeck One of these powerful forces was Margaret of Burgundy, the sister of the two dead kings Edward IV and Richard III and the aunt of the Princes in the Tower, and it was at her Court that Perkin Warbeck first came to public attention and claimed the throne of England. It is not known whether Margaret of Burgundy genuinely believed that Perkin Warbeck was her nephew or whether she was fully aware that he was a fraud and groomed him in the ways of the Yorkist Royal Family in order to create a focus of rebellion against Henry VII.  The other major European player to get involved was King Charles VIII of France, and both he and Margaret officially recognised Perkin Warbeck as King Richard IV of England.  For a while Perkin Warbeck was feted across Europe, attending the funeral in Vienna of the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick III, and gaining the recognition of his successor Maximilian I, spending time at the French Court in 1492 and then residing at the Court of Burgundy. However, in 1492 Charles VIII signed the Treaty of Etaples with England to prevent a threatened invasion of France and part of the treaty was an agreement to expel Perkin Warbeck from French territory.  Warbeck’s presence in Burgundy rattled Henry VII so much that he imposed a trade embargo on Flanders in 1493, even though this would lose England a great deal of revenue. Perkin Warbeck’s first foray into rebellion against the English crown had been in 1491 when he arrived in the Irish city of Cork, which had long been a Yorkist stronghold. The good people of Cork thought that Warbeck was actually the Earl of Warwick, the son of the hapless George, Duke of Clarence, who had been attainted for treason and executed in the Tower of London after trying the patience of his brother Edward IV one time too many, who was currently being held captive by Henry VII.  Warbeck’s English was apparently not very good, but he managed to deny his being the Earl of Warwick and


What is the meaning of the prefix Kil- or Cill- in Irish place names?

Gaelic Place Names: Cill printer friendly version (pdf) Gaelic Place-Names: Cill Gaelic cill (pronounced keel) originally meant 'cell, church' from Old Irish cell, (ultimately from Latin cella) and now usually means 'chapel, churchyard' in modern Gaelic. It is found in a large number of place-names, whose widespread distribution reflects the spread of the both Gaelic language and Celtic Christianity across Scotland. It is frequently used in combination with the name of the saint to whom the church is dedicated, with examples including Kilchattan (St Catan or Cathan), Kilblane and Kilblain (St Blane) Kilfinan and Kilfinnan (St Finnan), Kilbarchan (St Berchan), Kilmartin (St Martin), Kilmuir and Kilmory (St Mary) and Kilphedder (St Peter). These churches often became parish churches, with the parish taking its name from the church, as in Kilbride (St Brigid), Kilpatrick (St Patrick), Kildonan (St Donnan) and Kilmarnock (St Mernoc). In the case of Kilpatrick in West Dunbartonshire, the original church was located in the town which is now known as Old Kilpatrick. A new church was built at the eastern side of this large parish, which became known as East or Easter Kilpatrick, with the prefix West or Wester being added to the existing church. The parish was formally split in 1649, and in later times the two parishes and their associated settlements instead became known as 'Old' and 'New' Kilpatrick respectively. By the nineteenth century, New Kilpatrick was a thriving village in what is now part of the north-western suburbs of Glasgow, but the name has subsequently fallen out of use. The most likely explanation for this is that when the railway line was built through New Kilpatrick Parish in the 1860s, the station was built slightly to the south of the village, beside a house known as 'Bearsden'. The new station was given the name Bearsden and gradually the village itself acquired this rather incongruous designation. Cill also features as the qualifying element in Gaelic place-names, with examples including Baile na cille 'settlement of the church' (Lewis), Achadh na cille 'field of the church' (Argyll & Bute), Trà:igh na cille 'beach of the church' (Lewis), Cnoc na cille 'hill of the church' (Skye) and Port na cille 'port of the church' (Argyll & Bute). However, cill is much more commonly found as the initial element, in the anglicised form kil–, in names such as Kilbirnie, Kiltarlity, Kilkerran, Kilmalcolm and Kilmorack. Yet it is noteworthy that not all place-names which begin with kil– contain Gaelic cill. Kildrummy Castle in Aberdeenshire was the scene of the famous siege described by John Barbour in The Bruce (c.1375), in which Robert's brother was ultimately defeated by Edward, Prince of Wales: That tyme wes in Kyldromy With men that wycht and hardy Schyr Neile the Bruce and I wate weile That thar the erle was off Adheill (book 4, lines 59-62) Despite appearances, Kildrummy was not a kil– name originally, as this form is a corruption of the earlier Kindrummy (Gaelic cionn droma 'at the ridge end'). Similarly adapted is Killernie in Fife, which was Kynerny in c.1335, demonstrating that it is also originally from Gaelic ceann 'head, end' rather than cill.1 Kilbowie in West Dunbartonshire has occasionally been interpreted as a cill name, but the historical forms Cuiltebut 1182-99 and Cultbuthe 1233 reveal that the name contains instead Gaelic cuilt 'nook, corner, recess' and buidhe 'yellow' with the meaning 'yellow nook', perhaps in reference to the colour of the flowers or vegetation.2 Kilcoy in Easter Ross was Culcolly in 1294 and may also contain cuilt, or alternatively Gaelic cùl 'back' as its initial element.3 Kilbrannan Sound off Arran is probably 'Brendan's strait' from Gaelic caol 'strait', although Kilbrennan on Mull is likely to be a genuine cill name meaning 'St Brendan's church'.4 In a similar vein, Kildary in Easter Ross is Gaelic caol daraidh, with the meaning 'the narrow place'.5 Killichronan on Mull is Gaelic coille chrònain 'wood of the murmuring noise',6 and Killiecrankie in Perthshire also contain Gaelic


Which famous aviator and adventurer went missing in the Nevada Desert during September 2007, when the plane he was piloting failed to return?

Steve Fossett - a modern aviator: September 2007 Steve Fossett - a modern aviator Can Steve still be alive? Who do you think is a geater aviator? Wednesday, September 26, 2007 Air Force experts pick up what could be Fossett's track Relying on new leads from Air Force experts, crews looking for famed aviator Steve Fossett plan to comb a rugged area near Death Valley by air and foot, authorities said Tuesday. Gary Derks, the state Department of Public Safety official in charge of the search, said the Air Force analyzed images picked up by radar and satellite and "picked up what could be Mr. Fossett, his track." "It gives us an idea, if it's him, what direction he was going," Derks said of the wealthy adventurer, missing for more than three weeks. Derks said the area stretches about 100 miles to the southeast from where Fossett took off September 3, an airstrip on a million-acre ranch owned by hotel mogul Barron Hilton. Maps show the area would include Nevada's remote Silver Peak Range, close to Death Valley National Park in California. Rescuers scale back search for Fossett Rescuers called off their active air search for Steve Fossett on Wednesday, but insisted they had not given up hope and would keep crews on standby to fly to sites where the U.S. adventurer's airplane may have crashed. Chuck Allen of the Nevada Department of Public Safety told Reuters that authorities continue to consider the hunt for Fossett a "search and rescue" mission, and that they are hopeful he is alive, but that the hunt would be scaled back. In the most extensive search ever mounted in the western U.S. state of Nevada, air crews have found no sign of Fossett, the first person to pilot a balloon solo around the world in 2002. Hunt for Steve Fossett nears second week Like Amelia Earhart's disappearance over the Pacific Ocean 70 years ago, the riddle of Steve Fossett's whereabouts is threatening to become one of the world's greatest aviation mysteries. Nearly two weeks after Fossett's light plane vanished above a vast expanse of rugged Nevada wilderness, an army of rescuers and volunteers are still no closer to locating the millionaire aviator. And as the frustrating search acres continues to yield no clues, rescue officials say there is a chance that Fossett may never be found. "That is always a possibility," Lyon County undersheriff Joe Sanford admitted grimly to reporters at Minden Air Base this week. Fossett has not been heard from since September 3, when he took off on a solo flight from a private airstrip south of Reno, and failed to return as scheduled three hours later. Since then, a mini air-force of helicopters and planes have taken to the skies in an effort to locate the 63-year-old, a veteran of several world record breaking balloon and plane flights around the globe. Can Google Find Steve Fossett? The search for missing U.S. adventurer Steve Fossett resumed on Wednesday as his friend, British billionaire Richard Branson, tried to find him through a satellite mapping service offered by Internet data provider Google. Branson told the Canadian Broadcasting Corp. he was worried that Fossett, who disappeared over the Nevada desert after taking off in a small plane late on Monday, had not activated the aircraft's emergency tracking beacon. "I'm talking with friends at Google about seeing whether we can look at satellite images over the last four days to see whether they can see which direction he might have been flying and whether they can see any disturbances anywhere that they can pin from space," he said from Barcelona, Spain. The company's Google Earth product offers a mapping service using satellite imagery. Barron Hilton developed his passion for aviation long before he took the position of CEO, president or chairman—his present title—of Hilton Hotels Corporations. Photo By Di Freeze From head of table, clockwise: Barron Hilton, Hyla and Richard Bertea, Holly Ciedeberg, Bill Ballhaus, Molly Ivans, Clay Lacy, and Peter and Ginny Ueberroth. Hilton has more than 7,300 hours in gliders, balloons, helicopters and single- and multi-engine a


The law of the sea divides it into three zones, internal Waters, territorial Waters and which other?

NOAA Office of General Counsel International Section - Ballast Water - Maritime Zones and Boundaries Maritime Zones and Boundaries (NOAA Coastal Services Center) The maritime zones recognized under international law include  internal waters , the  territorial sea , the  contiguous zone , the  exclusive economic zone , the continental shelf , the  high seas and the  Area . With the exception of the high seas and the Area, each of these maritime zones is measured from the  baseline determined in accordance with customary international law as reflected in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention. The limits of these zones are officially depicted on NOAA nautical charts. The limits shown on the most recent chart edition takes precedence. For a description of the various U.S. maritime zones, as well as the  Three Nautical Mile Line  and  Natural Resource Boundary , see the  NOAA Coast Pilot  (Chapter 1 in each volume) or review the information available on NOAA's link to download limits of the  U.S. Digital Maritime Zones/Boundaries  (source information for the NOAA nautical charts. ) The boundaries of these maritime zones between coastal nations are established through international agreements entered into by those nations. For the official description of the U.S. maritime boundaries with other nations contact the U.S. Department of State. Additional reference information: NOAA (Office of Coast Survey),  U.S. Maritime Limits & Boundaries FAQ U.S. Department of Defense , Maritime Claims Reference Manual (information on maritime claims of coastal States) State Practice in Delimiting Maritime Zones  (a database of the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea) Baseline Generally speaking, the normal baseline is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State. Special rules for determining the baseline apply in a variety of circumstances, such as with bays, ports, mouths of rivers, deeply indented coastlines, fringing reefs, and  roadsteads . Consistent with these rules, the U.S. baselines are the mean of the lower low tides as depicted on the largest scale NOAA nautical charts. The U.S. normal baselines are ambulatory and subject to changes as the coastline accretes and erodes. Internal Waters Internal waters are the waters on the landward side of the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.  Each coastal State has full sovereignty over its internal waters as if they were part of its land territory. The right of innocent passage does not apply in internal waters. Examples of internal waters include bays, rivers and even lakes that are connected to the sea, e.g., the Great Lakes . Territorial Sea Each coastal State may claim a territorial sea that extends seaward up to 12 nautical miles (nm) from its baselines. The coastal State exercises sovereignty over its territorial sea, the air space above it, and the seabed and subsoil beneath it. Foreign flag ships enjoy the right of innocent passage while transiting the territorial sea subject to laws and regulations adopted by the coastal State that are in conformity with the Law of the Sea Convention and other rules of international law relating to such passage. The U.S. claimed a 12 nm territorial sea in 1988 ( Presidential Proclamation No. 5928 , December 27, 1988). Additional reference information:  Congressional Research Service, Legal Sidebar,  Freedom of Navigation and Territorial Seas (May 18, 2015) Contiguous Zone Each coastal State may claim a contiguous zone adjacent to and beyond its territorial sea that extends seaward up to 24 nm from its baselines. In its contiguous zone, a coastal State may exercise the control necessary to prevent the infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea, and punish infringement of those laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea. Additionally, in order to control trafficking in archaeological and historical objects found at sea, a coastal State may


Which creature, according to Pliny, had a glance that meant certain death?

D&D Monster Origins A-C The balor comes from the balrog in the Lord of the Rings . By the final printing of the original D&D boxed set, the name was changed to Balor at the behest of the Tolkien estate. The new name comes from Celtic myth, although the character of Balor has no relation to the D&D creature. Legolas turned and set an arrow to the string, though it was a long shot for his small bow. He drew, but his hand fell, and the arrow slipped to the ground. He gave a cry of dismay and fear. Two great trolls appeared; they bore great slabs of stone, and flung them down to serve as gangways over the fire. But it was not the trolls that had filled the Elf with terror. The ranks of the orcs had opened, and they crowded away, as if they themselves were afraid. Something was coming up behind them. What it was could not be seen: it was like a great shadow, in the middle of which was a dark form, of man-shape maybe, yet greater; and a power and terror seemed to be in it and to go before it. It came to the edge of the fire and the light faded as if a cloud had bent over it. Then with a rush it leaped across the fissure. The flames roared up to greet it, and wreathed about it; and a black smoke swirled in the air. Its streaming mane kindled, and blazed behind it. In its right hand was a blade like a stabbing tongue of fire; in its left it held a whip of many thongs. Ai! ai! A Balrog! A Balrog is come! J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973), The Lord of the Rings (1954). Book II, chapter 5. Lugh and Balor of the Piercing Eye met in the battle. An evil eye had Balor the Fomorian. That eye was never opened save only on a battlefield. Four men used to lift up the lid of the eye with a polished handle which passed through its lid. If an army looked at the eye, though they were many thousands in number they could not resist a few warriors. It had a poisonous power. Once when his father's druids were concocting charms, he came and looked out of the window, and the fume of the concoction came under it , so that the poison of the concoction afterwards penetrated the eye that looked. He and Lugh met. Lift up mine eyelid, my lad, said Balor, that I may see the babbler who is conversing with me. The lid was raised from Balor's eye. Then Lugh cast a sling-stone at him, which carried the eye through his head while his own army looked on. And the sling-stone fell on the host of the Fomorians, and thrice nine of them died beside it, so that the crowns of their heads came against the breast of Indech son of Dea Domnann, and a gush of blood sprang over his lips. Ancient Irish Tales , tr./ed. Tom P. Cross and Clark Harris Slover (1936) Barghest Brand says that in the northern parts of England, ghost is pronounced gheist and guest. Hence bar-guest, or bar-gheist. Many streets are haunted by a ghost, who assumes many strange appearances, as a mastiff-dog, &c. It is a corruption of the Anglo-Saxon gast, spiritus, anima. Brand might have added that bar is a term for gate in the north, and that all the gates of York are named bars, so that a bar-gheist is literally a gate-ghost… The Barguest, or Barn-ghaist of the Teutons, is also reported to be a frequent visitor in Lancashire. The appearance of this sprite is considered as a certain death-sign, and has obtained the local names of Trash Thierbuch (1563), illus. unknown. Public domain; thanks to Treasures of Keio University for the photo. The basilisk and the cockatrice were originally understood to be the same monster, one which could kill by breath or glance. It was thought to come from Cyrenaica (northern Libya). The like propertie [that is, killing those who look upon its eyes] hath the serpent called a Basiliske: bred it is in the province Cyrenaica, and is not above twelve fingers-breadth long: a white spot like a starre it carrieth on the head, and setteth it out like a coronet or diademe: if he but hisse once, no other serpents dare come neere: he creepeth not winding and crawling by as other serpents doe, with one part of the bodie driving the other forward, but goeth upright and aloft from the ground


Which engineer designed the WW2 fighter plane, the 'Hurricane'?

Hurricane Fighter | World War II Database World War II Database Contributor: C. Peter Chen ww2dbaseAircraft designer Sydney Camm of Hawker Aviation began working on a monoplane version of the Fury biplane fighter starting in 1934, knowing that the British Air Ministry had interest in such a development. His design team located at Canbury Park Road in Kingston upon Thames near London, England, United Kingdom initially named this project "Interceptor Monoplane to F.5/34" (the latter being an Air Ministry specification reference number). In Aug 1934, the team submitted the design to the Air Ministry, and it was indeed well received, so much so that within a month the ministry would request British aircraft manufacturing firms to compete for a new specification, F.36/34, whose requirements were nearly identical to the capabilities of this new aircraft design from Camm's team. Hawker officially submitted the design to the British Air Ministry on 4 Sep, and the prototype of what was to be named Hurricane took its first flight from Brooklands in Surrey, England, United Kingdom a year later on 6 Nov 1935, with George Bulman in the cockpit. Hawker was so confident of this design that it had geared their factories to produce 1,000 units before the British military placed its first order. The order came in Jun 1936, for 600 machines, and it was not until later that month that the "Hurricane" name was made official. When the war began in Europe in Sep 1939, 497 were delivered. About one year into the war, on 7 Aug 1940, 2,309 were delivered. ww2dbaseGiven that the design had its roots in the Fury biplanes, these new fighters actually resembled much more like their WW1-vintage forefathers than their WW2-era contemporaries. Although the general appearance would remain the same throughout the long production life of this design, the details would evolve throughout the years. Mark I machines, for example, were equipped with Merlin C engines and two-blade wooden propellers; by the time the Mark V variant was available in the mid-1940s, the powerplant had been upgraded to Merlin 32 engines that directed power to Rotol four-blade propellers. While many of the changes that took place over the production life were to upgrade the performance or to address problems, some were due to suit war situations; for example, while Mark I aircraft burned glycol, Mark II machines stepped down to a 70-30 glycol ratio to ease on the consumption of this precious strategic material. While the Hurricane fighters' fabric-covered wooden framing wings were legacies of the outdated Fury design, this weak link ironically saved many pilots' lives during the war, as explosive shells from German fighter cannons passed through them without detonating; the use of fabric and wood also meant some of the front line mechanics could perform some of the structural repairs on the wings without having to send the aircraft to repair facilities in the rear. In terms of production, the simple construction also meant that they could be produced in large numbers with relative ease; during the Battle of Britain, Hurricane fighters consistently outnumbered their more capable and rather more famous successors, the Spitfire fighters. While the more maneuverable Spitfire fighters engaged in dogfights with German fighters, it was often the Hurricane fighters' tasks to take down German bombers. Aside from the Battle of Britain, Hurricane fighters also played an important role in the defense of Malta, as well as other campaigns. While the Spitfire fighters attracted more attention from their inception, Hurricane fighters could be said as the real workhorses of the RAF, for that Hurricane fighters shot down more hostile aircraft than any other aircraft models in British inventory during WW2. ww2dbaseAside from being fighters, Hurricane aircraft also served in close ground support, tank buster, and convoy combat air patrol roles. In the latter, 70 Hurricane fighters fought off Axis forces of a greater quantity during Operation Pedestal; even though carrier HMS Eagle was lost,


Who was depicted on the reverse of the last English pound note?

::: A Short History of English Banknotes ::: Where did banknotes come from?   The earliest banking involved money-changing between coin and bullion and between different currencies, issuing bills of exchange (in the form of a letter asking one person to pay a sum of money to another on behalf of the person who wrote the letter) and accepting deposit of valuables or money which earned interest. English bankers found they had a steady level of money deposited with them and used this to provide loans on which they then charged interest. About this time they allowed customers to transfer a credit amount to someone else by writing an order to the bank - the forerunner of the bank 'cheque'.   It was the bill of exchange which led to the issue of banknotes. On 27th July 1694 William Paterson, a Scottish merchant originally from Tinwald in Dumfries, obtained a Royal Charter from the king, William III, to form the the Bank of England in order to raise funds for the government of the day and started to issue banknotes. These were handwritten and made out to an individual who could cash them at any branch of the issuing bank. The Bank of England Act was passed which established the Bank of England as the worldï¿½s first national bank. Its first Governor was Sir John Houblon and the first Chief Cashier, briefly, was John Kendrick, about whom little is known. In 1697 the first watermark was introduced. From 1725 the notes were partially printed with just the name to whom payable, date, amount and cashierï¿½s signature to be filled in by hand. Businessmen set up banks in London and 'provincial' banks as a way of raising capital for investment from the late eighteenth century. However by 1770 London banks had given up issuing their own notes and used the Bank of England banknotes instead.   The banknotes from 1725 were issued for amounts of ï¿½20, ï¿½25, ï¿½30 up to ï¿½100 in ï¿½10 stages, then ï¿½100 to ï¿½500 in ï¿½100 stages and lastly a ï¿½1000 note; in 1759 the first ï¿½10 and ï¿½15 notes appeared, in 1793 with economic difficulties due to the Napoleonic War a ï¿½5 note was introduced and in 1797 ï¿½2 and ï¿½1 notes. A total of 19 different notes! Worth noting that at this time ï¿½5 was more than the average working person earned in a year so rarely seen! The appearance of the low denomination notes meant that gradually more of the general public had to come to terms with paper money but banknotes were easy to counterfeit as many of their new owners were illiterate and not used to handling notes. In 1833 Bank of England banknotes were made legal tender for all sums above ï¿½5 in England and Wales as a way of protecting the Bankï¿½s bullion reserves in times of crisis. However most of the notes over ï¿½10 had disappeared by 1852, the ï¿½300 by 1893 and the ï¿½200 in 1918. This left just the ï¿½10, ï¿½20, ï¿½50, ï¿½100, ï¿½500 and ï¿½1000 which were withdrawn in 1943. The ï¿½10 reappeared in 1964, the ï¿½20 in 1970 and the ï¿½50 in 1981.   The big change came in 1855 when banknotes were fully printed including the chief cashierï¿½s signature and had the words I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of .... People could use a banknote instead of coins and the system worked as long as people had confidence that the bank had the coin to redeem the note. In 1884 the Government decided to regulate the issue of banknotes by the Bank Charter Act and from then on the private provincial banks gradually merged until by 1921 the last provincial note had been issued. In 1914, the first issue Treasury notes, red 10 shillings and black ï¿½1, were signed by Sir John Bradbury and afterwards Sir Norman Fenwick Warren Fisher. A Tale of Two Women   Up to 1928 banknotes were ï¿½whiteï¿½ notes printed in black on white paper and unprinted on the back. However on 22nd November the Bank of England took over the issue of banknotes from the Treasury and produced full colour 10/- and ï¿½1 notes printed on both sides. This first series is called Britannia Series A as they featured a rather demure seated Britannia with curiously a spear and an olive bra


What term is used in the financial world to describe an investor who buys a security in the hope of selling it at a higher price, believing that the market will go up?

Glossary of Terms - Client Resources | Raymond James Glossary of Terms Login Broad Scope, Deep Coverage Raymond James’ equity research is a cornerstone of the organization. Raymond James and its affiliates in Canada and Europe employ more than 70 research analysts who cover nearly 1,300 companies in nine highly focused industries. Login eFolio® The only truly interactive portfolio management system for financial institutions, eFolio allows you to interact with your portfolio online -- sorting, strategies, inventories, research, swaps and more. Enter City, State or Zip Code Enter Last Name Fixed Income Market Commentary Glossary of Terms  Keeping up with the increasing number of investment products and services in the marketplace today can be confusing. This glossary is designed to help you understand some of the more common investment and financial terms you may encounter. Your financial advisor can explain these terms more completely and discuss with you those relevant to your situation. A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z A Accrued interest – The interest due on a bond since the last interest payment was made. The buyer of the bond pays the market price plus accrued interest. Acquisition – The acquiring of control of one corporation by another. In "unfriendly" takeover attempts, the potential buying company may offer a price well above current market values, new securities and other inducements to stockholders. The management of the subject company might ask for a better price or try to join up with a third company. (See: Merger , Proxy ) American Depositary Receipt (ADR) – a security issued by a U.S. bank in place of the foreign shares held in trust by that bank, thereby facilitating the trading of foreign shares in U.S. markets. American Stock Exchange (AMEX) – The second largest stock exchange in the United States, located in the financial district of New York City. (Formerly known as the Curb Exchange from its origin on a Manhattan street.) Amortization – Accounting for expenses or charges as applicable rather than as paid. Includes such practices as depreciation, depletion, write-off of intangibles, prepaid expenses and deferred charges. Annual report – The formal financial statement issued yearly by a corporation. The annual report shows assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and earnings - how the company stood at the close of the business year, how it fared profit-wise during the year, as well as other information of interest to shareowners. Arbitrage – A technique employed to take advantage of differences in price. If, for example, ABC stock can be bought in New York for $10 a share and sold in London at $10.50, an arbitrageur may simultaneously purchase ABC stock here and sell the same amount in London, making a profit of $.50 a share, less expenses. Arbitrage may also involve the purchase of rights to subscribe to a security, or the purchase of a convertible security - and the sale at or about the same time of the security obtainable through exercise of the rights or of the security obtainable through conversion. (See: Convertible , Rights ) Assets – Everything a corporation owns or that is due to it: cash, investments, money due it, materials and inventories, which are called current assets; buildings and machinery, which are known as fixed assets; and patents and goodwill, called intangible assets. (See: Liabilities ) Auction market – The system of trading securities through brokers or agents on an exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange. Buyers compete with other buyers while sellers compete with other sellers for the most advantageous price. Auditor's report – Often called the accountant's opinion, it is the statement of the accounting firm's work and its opinion of the corporation's financial statements, especially if they conform to the normal and generally accepted practices of accountancy. Averages – Various ways of measuring the trend of securities prices, one of the most popular of which is the Dow Jones Industrial Average


What was invented by the Chinese, imported into Britain from Italy by Charles lst and known to the Arabs as 'sherbet'?

The Food Timeline: history notes--ice cream Food historians tell us the history of ice cream begins with ancient flavored ices. The Chinese are generally credited for creating the first ice creams, possibly as early as 3000 BC. Marco Polo is popularly cited for introducing these tasty concoctions to Italy. This claim (as well as his introducing pasta to Italy) are questionable. The ice creams we enjoy today are said to have been invented in Italy during the 17th century. They spread northward through Europe via France. "French-style" ice cream (made with egg yolks) and its American counterpart, "Philadelphia-style," are (no eggs, or egg whites only) enriched products made with the finest ingredients. Vanilla is the most popular flavor of this genre. Food historians tell us this type of ice cream originated in the 17th century and proliferated in the early 18th. As time and technology progressed, ice cream flavors (Pistachio, Rocky Road, Chunky Monkey), complicated confections (19th century Neapolitan bricks, English bombes & American cakes ), and novelty concoctions ( hokey-pokey treats , ice cream bars, popsicles , sundaes , sodas & banana splits ), proliferated. Where did they get the ice before we had refrigerators? ---An A to Z of Food and Drink, John Ayto [Oxford Univeristy Press:Oxford] 2002 (p. 167) "The first ice creams, in the sense of an iced and flavoured confection made from full milk or cream, are thought to have been made in Italy and then in France in the 17th century, and to have been diffused from the French court to other European countries...The first recorded English use of the term ice cream (also given as iced cream) was by Ashmore (1672), recording among dishes served at the Feast of St. George at Windsor in May 1671 One Plate of Ice Cream'. The first published English recipe was by Mrs. Mary Eales (1718)...Mrs. Eales was a pioneer with few followers; ice cream recipes remained something of a rarity in English-language cookery books...As for America, Stallings observes that ice cream is recorded to have been served as early as 1744 (by the lady of Governor Blandon of Maryland, nee Barbara Jannsen, daughter of Lord Baltimore), but it does not appear to have been generally adopted until much later in the century. Although its adoption then owed much to French contacts in the period following the American Revolution, Americans shared 18th century England's tastes and the English preference for ice creams over water ices, and proceeded enthusiastically to make ice cream a national dish." ---Oxford Companion to Food, Alan Davidson [Oxford University Press:Oxford] 1999 (p. 392-3) "The first substantial piece of writing on ice cream was an anonymous 84-page manuscript entitled L'Art de faire des Glaces which, through watermarks in the paper, has been dated "circa 1700." It is a "how to" work of some sophistication, giving detailed instructions for the preparation of such delights as apricot, voilet, rose, chocolate, and a caramel ice creams and water ices. A number of British cookbooks of the eighteenth century contain ice cream formulas. One such work is Mrs. Hannah Glasse's The Art of Cookery Made Easy (1747)--considered by scholars to be the first major cookbook written by a woman in what was until then an almost exclusively male domain. In 1768 there appeared in Paris what is undoubtedly the most outlandish treatise on the subject ever to be published. Called The Art of Making Frozen Desserts, it is a 240-page offering by one M. Emy, who not only gives formulas for "food fit for the gods," but offers theological and philosophical explanations for such phenomena as the freezing of water. The tone of the book is set by its frontispiece, which depicts a brace of angels delivering ice cream to earth from heaven. Although frozen desserts were becoming common in regal circles, not until 1670 when the Cafe Procope opened in Paris did "iced creams" and sherbets spread to the masses." ---The Great American Ice Cream Book, Paul Dickson [Atheneum:New York] 1972 (p. 18-19) Recommended reading No other


With which sport is Sir John Sholto Douglas (1844-1900) connected?

Sir John Sholto Douglas: Overview of Sir John Sholto Douglas (8th Marquis of Queensberry; Viscount Drumlanrig) 1844 - 1900 Patron of sport and subject of an infamous trial. Although born in Italy, Douglas succeeded his father to the Queensberry title in 1858 at the age of just 14. He is best known for giving his name to the "Queensberry Rules" for boxing, which he sanctioned in 1867. Douglas was also a founder of the Amateur Athletic Club in 1860. He was tried for libelling the Irish playwright Oscar Wilde, who Douglas accused of having a homosexual relationship with his son, Lord Alfred. This action eventually led to Wilde's disgrace and imprisonment. A noted atheist, Douglas was prevented from taking his seat as a Representative Peer in the House of Lords after refusing to take the oath of allegiance, because it included a reference to God. He died in London and is buried at Kinmount House , a family home in Dumfries and Galloway . Use the tabs on the right of this page to see other parts of this entry If you have found this information useful please consider making a donation to help maintain and improve this resource. More info...


What is the nationality of former Moto GP World Champion Casey Stoner?

MotoGP champ Casey Stoner suffers multiple injuries in Suzuka crash | FOX Sports MotoGP champ Casey Stoner suffers multiple injuries in Suzuka crash Jul 26, 2015 at 3:22a ET 0 Shares Former MotoGP World Champion Casey Stoner suffered multiple injuries in a high-speed crash during Sunday’s Suzuka 8 Hour motorcycle race. Stoner fell victim to a stuck throttle early in the endurance classic and as a result, crashed hard through the gravel trap. Stoner was immediately helped off the track by the safety crew, but would later reveal on Twitter that he suffered a broken scapula and fractured tibia. The 29-year-old Australian was leading the endurance race for HARC-Pro Honda at the time of the malfunction. However, heavy damage to the bike put an end to the team’s quest for a third consecutive Suzuka 8 Hour victory. It was Stoner’s first competitive motorcycle race since retiring from MotoGP in 2012. He was joined by teammates Michael van der Mark and Takumi Takahashi. Well my #Suzuka8H ended spectacularly!Stuck Throttle = Broken Scapula + Fractured Tibia and a few more tweaks. Sucks! pic.twitter.com/aNtgwDGIzG


Which 15-year-old won the 125 CC British Grand Prix at Donington Park 2008?

Donington Park MotoGP: Scott Redding wins British 125 Grand Prix | MCN Donington Park MotoGP: Scott Redding wins British 125 Grand Prix Published: 22 June 2008 Scott Redding has become the first Brit rider to win a 125 GP since Chas Mortimer in 1973 with an incredible victory making him the youngest rider in history to win a Grand Prix! The 15-year old sent a massive home crowd wild with a stunning victory performance. Redding, who also became the youngest rider in history to qualify on the front row for a Grand Prix, got a respectable start ending the first lap fifth, but soon surged up to second by the time he crossed the line again. The job was then on to reel in runaway leader Andrea Iannone who had already developed nearly a two second gap at the front. By lap nine Redding had closed the gap to within a second, and looked to sit comfortably behind the leader. That was until lap 20 when Iannone, with Redding pressuring him, crashed at the top of Craners. That handed Redding the lead and eventual victory by over five seconds. After the race he said: "It's unbelivable. "After first qualifying we got on the front row and that was a great start for me. "It's my first podium and I get to stand on the top step. "It's unbelivalbe - I don't know how I feel quite yet." This is the first time the 15-year old has raced at the full Grand Prix circuit at Donington Park. Bradley Smith finished a distant 10th and Danny Webb failed to complete the first lap.


In World War 2 what was the name of the American mass-produced prefabricated cargo ships?

On the Water - Answering the Call, 1917-1945: Building Ships for Victory Building Ships for Victory The shipbuilding industry turned out thousands of cargo ships for wartime service. The United States learned how to mass-produce merchant ships during World War I. Three decades later, convoys of American Liberty and Victory ships delivered tons of fuel, ammunition, and other supplies to fight World War II. At least 1,500 merchant ships were sunk during the war. On the home front, the vast enterprise needed to construct these vessels changed the lives of tens of thousands of American workers and their families. Reproduced from a painting by Burnett Poole, 1919 Courtesy of the National Museums Liverpool, Merseyside Maritime Museum Mauretania in dazzle paint Ocean liners were pressed into service to carry troops and supplies, especially during the first world war. Even the luxurious British liner Mauretania carried more than 53,000 American troops to Europe in 1918 and 1919. For protection at sea, ocean liners during wartime were painted in “dazzle” patterns to confuse submarines at a distance. A Merchant Fleet for the Great War The United States entered World War I in April 1917. Within days, the federal government created the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to construct a fleet of merchant ships. The EFC hired the American International Shipbuilding Corporation to build and operate the largest shipyard in the world, Hog Island, near Philadelphia. At its peak, Hog Island employed some 30,000 workers and launched a vessel every 5.5 days. Its workers built 122 ships in four years, and although none saw service before the end of the war, many carried supplies during World War II. At Hog Island, the United States learned how to build large ships quickly on a grand scale from prefabricated parts. Ships, ships, and more ships is the call of the hour... We must have more ships to win the war. —Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, February 16, 1918 The Shipbuilder’s Bridge for Pershing New York Tribune drawing reprinted in Emergency Fleet News, Feb. 28, 1918 Courtesy of the Library of Congress Hog Island Hog Island’s 50 shipways stretched a mile and a quarter along the Delaware River near Philadelphia, abutting 846 acres with 250 buildings and 28 outfitting docks. Photograph of Hog Island Electric welders at Hog Island, about 1918 Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration We do things in a big way The huge cost of creating Hog Island generated controversy and congressional investigations. Newspapers charged American International Shipbuilding Corp. with graft and corruption. W. A. Rogers, artist; published in the New York Herald, February 10, 1918 Courtesy of the Library of Congress A wild saturnalia of extravagance, a brilliant phantasmagoria of patriotic pretense, and the pity and the shame of it are that those who...are wasting the money of the taxpayers are some of the great captains of industry of the nation. —California Sen. Hiram Johnson, on Hog Island Workers at lunchtime walk past dozens of ships under construction, Hog Island, January 1919. From a scrapbook donated by James D. Andrew Jr. Work and Patriotism Posters like these linked shipyard productivity and patriotism. Produced by the Emergency Fleet Corporation, they reminded shipyard workers of the importance of their efforts and to do a good job. Poster, "Teamwork Wins" View Object Record Hog Island produced 110 identical cargo ships and 12 identical troop transports. This model represents one of the transports. All of Hog Island’s ships arrived too late to play a role in the war. But the Liberty ships of World War II and the modular construction of ships today owe their success to the mass-production techniques tried and tested at Hog Island. World War II Shipyards and the U.S. government learned invaluable lessons about shipbuilding during World War I. The United States began increasing the size of its merchant fleet in 1936, well before it entered the Second World War. The goal quickly became building sturdy, reliable ships in a hurry—fa


How many pounds are there in an imperial ton?

Tons to Pounds - How many pounds in a ton? Tons to Pounds Conversion How many pounds in a ton? The tons to pounds conversion factors are listed below. To find out how many pounds in tons, multiply by the right conversion factor or use the converter below to convert from short tons. 1 Short Ton [US] = 2 000 Pounds 1 Long Ton [UK] = 2 240 Pounds 1 Metric Ton = 2 204.62262 Pounds From pounds to tons conversion, please go to pounds to tons For other units of weight conversion, please go to Weight Conversion Converter Enter a value that you want to convert into pounds and click on the "convert" button. Ton is a unit of mass in different measurement systems and usually mistaken with each other. The short ton (also known as net ton) equals to 2000 pounds and used in north america (united states and canada), the long ton (also known as weight or gross ton) is used in the imperial system (UK and some of the other english speaking countries) and defined as 2240 pounds or 1016 kilograms. The metric ton (also known as tonne) equals to 1000 kilograms and used in the metric system. The abbreviation is "T". If you are trading internationally, you must know what type of ton as a weight unit is used in that country to avoid the surprises. Pound is a unit of mass in the imperial and U.S. customary measurement systems. International avoirdupois pound is defined as 0.45359237 kilograms. Troy pound is rarely used. There are 16 ounces in a pound and 12 troy ounces in a troy pound. The abbreviations are "lb", "lbs". Short Tons [US] to Pounds Table 1


Who, in 1616, announced important observations on blood circulation?

Harvey Discovers The Circulation Of The Blood Harvey Discovers The Circulation Of The Blood Author:      Huxley, Thomas H. Harvey Discovers The Circulation Of The Blood        Contemporary with Galileo, and ranking but little below him in influence upon the modern world, was William Harvey.  Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood, combined with the truly scientific methods by which he reached, and afterward proved, his great result, has placed his name high on the roll of science.  Not only does his work stand at the foundation of modern anatomy and medicine, but it has given him place in the ranks of great philosophers as well.  Huxley, himself so long and justly renowned in modern science, rises to enthusiasm in the following account of his mighty predecessor.      Harvey was born at Folkestone, England, in 1578, and lived till 1657. He was educated as a physician, studying at Padua in Italy, and was early appointed a lecturer in the London College of Physicians.  In his lectures, somewhere about the year 1616 or a little later, he began to explain his new doctrine to his students; but it was not until the publication of his book Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis, in 1628, that the theory spread beyond his immediate circle.        Huxley's account will perhaps give a clearer idea of Harvey's relation to his predecessors and contemporaries, and of the value of his services to mankind, than would a far longer biography of the great physician, physiologist, and anatomist.      Many opinions have been held respecting the exact nature and value of Harvey's contributions to the elucidation of the fundamental problem of the physiology of the higher animals; from those which deny him any merit at all - indeed, roundly charge him with the demerit of plagiarism - to those which enthrone him in a position of supreme honor among great discoverers in science.  Nor has there been less controversy as to the method by which Harvey obtained the results which have made his name famous.  I think it is desirable that no obscurity should hang around these questions; and I add my mite to the store of disquisitions on Harvey, in the hope that it may help to throw light upon several points about which darkness has accumulated, partly by accident and partly by design.      About the year B.C. 300 a great discovery, that of the valves of the heart, was made by Erasistratus.  This anatomist found, around the opening by which the vena cava communicates with the right ventricle, three triangular membranous folds, disposed in such a manner as to allow any fluid contained in the vein to pass into the ventricle, but not back again.  The opening of the vena arteriosa into the right ventricle is quite distinct from that of the vena cava; and Erasistratus observed that it is provided with three pouch-like, half-moon-shaped valves; the arrangement of which is such that a fluid can pass out of the ventricle into the vena arteriosa, but not back again.  Three similar valves were found at the opening of the aorta into the left ventricle.  The arteria venosa had a distinct opening into the same ventricle, and this was provided with triangular membranous valves, like those on the right side, but only two in number.  Thus the ventricles had four openings, two for each; and there were altogether eleven valves, disposed in such a manner as to permit fluids to enter the ventricles from the vena cava and the arteria venosa respectively, and to pass out of the ventricles by the vena arteriosa and the aorta respectively, but not to go the other way.        It followed from this capital discovery that, if the contents of the heart are fluid, and if they move at all, they can only move in one way; namely, from the vena cava, through the ventricle, and toward the lungs, by the vena arteriosa, on the right side; and, from the lungs, by way of the arteria venosa, through the ventricle, and out by the aorta for distribution in the body, on the left side.        Erasistratus thus, in a manner, lai


What is the word for the part of a solid geometric figure left after the top part has been cut off on a plane parallel to the base?

Solids - definition of Solids by The Free Dictionary Solids - definition of Solids by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Solids adj. sol·id·er, sol·id·est 1. a. Of definite shape and volume; not liquid or gaseous: It was so cold the water in the bucket became solid. b. Mathematics Of or relating to three-dimensional geometric figures or bodies. c. Firm or compact in substance: The floor was solid and would not give way. 2. a. Not hollowed out: a solid block of wood. b. Being the same substance or color throughout: solid gold. c. Having no gaps or breaks; continuous: a solid line of people; worked for a solid week. d. Acting together; unanimous: a solid voting bloc. e. Written without a hyphen or space. For example, the word software is a solid compound. f. Printing Having no leads between the lines. 3. a. Of good quality: off to a solid start. b. Substantial; hearty: a solid meal. c. Sound; reliable: solid facts. d. Financially sound: a solid business. e. Upstanding or dependable: a solid citizen. f. Slang Excellent; first-rate. n. 1. A substance having a definite shape and volume; one that is neither liquid nor gaseous. 2. Mathematics A geometric figure having three dimensions. adv. 1. Without a break or opening; completely or continuously: The theater was booked solid for a month. 2. As a whole; unanimously: The committee voted solid for the challenger. [Middle English solide, from Old French, from Latin solidus; see sol- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] sol′id·ly adv. (ˈsɒlɪd) adj 1. (General Physics) of, concerned with, or being a substance in a physical state in which it resists changes in size and shape. Compare liquid 1, gas 1 2. consisting of matter all through 3. of the same substance all through: solid rock. 4. sound; proved or provable: solid facts. 5. reliable or sensible; upstanding: a solid citizen. 6. firm, strong, compact, or substantial: a solid table; solid ground. 7. (Cookery) (of a meal or food) substantial 8. (often postpositive) without interruption or respite; continuous: solid bombardment. 9. (Banking & Finance) financially sound or solvent: a solid institution. 10. strongly linked or consolidated: a solid relationship. 11. (Mathematics) geometry having or relating to three dimensions: a solid figure; solid geometry. 12. (Linguistics) (of a word composed of two or more other words or elements) written or printed as a single word without a hyphen 13. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) printing with no space or leads between lines of type 14. solid for unanimously in favour of 15. (of a writer, work, performance, etc) adequate; sensible 16. (Colours) of or having a single uniform colour or tone 17. informal NZ excessive; unreasonably strict n a. a closed surface in three-dimensional space b. such a surface together with the volume enclosed by it 19. (General Physics) a solid substance, such as wood, iron, or diamond 20. (plural) solid food, as opposed to liquid [C14: from Old French solide, from Latin solidus firm; related to Latin sollus whole] solidity n 1. having the interior completely filled up; not hollow: a piece of solid rock. 2. having the three dimensions of length, breadth, and thickness. 3. having no openings or breaks: a solid wall. 4. firm or compact in substance: solid ground. 5. having relative firmness, coherence of particles, or persistence of form: solid particles suspended in a liquid. 6. dense, thick, or heavy in nature or appearance: solid masses of cloud. 7. firm in construction; substantial: solid food. 8. without separation; continuous: a solid row of buildings. 9. serious in character: solid scholarship. 10. whole or entire: one solid hour. 11. consisting entirely of one substance or material: solid gold; a solid teak shelf. 12. uniform in tone: a solid blue dress. 13. real; genuine: solid comfort. 14. sound; reliable: solid facts. 15. fully reliable or sensible: a solid citizen. 16. financially sound: a solid corporation. 17. cubic: A solid foot contains 1728 solid inches. 18. written without a hyphen, as a compound word. 19. having the lines n


Which major city is located on the River Loire, approximately 50 kilometres from the Atlantic coast?

France Top Cities and Popular Travel Destinations Chamonix-Mont-Blanc #9 most popular location 23travelers 18reviews 14blogs Bordeaux #10 most popular location First things first. Bordeaux is a wine mecca. Devotees make pilgrimages to the Medoc, Pomerol and Saint Emilion. A port city, Bordeaux was an important trade route for many goods other tha… 191travelers 18reviews 13blogs Antibes #11 most popular location Antibes is a small town located in the Cote D'Azur in the south of France. It is mid-way between Nice and Cannes, and is a great day trip from either Cannes or Nice. This small town, may b… 26travelers 12reviews 3blogs Lille #12 most popular location Lille is a town in the North of France, near Belgium. It is the largest city in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais. A lot of students live in Lille and it has a vivid, dynamic nightlife with di… 158travelers 19reviews 13blogs Avignon #13 most popular location Avignon is a city in Southeastern France in the region known as Provence. Avignon is most famous for the Palace de la Papes, or Papal Palace where several Popes and Antipopes lived in the 13… 41travelers 11reviews 12blogs Carcassonne #14 most popular location Carcassonne is separated in two parts (‘La cité’ and ‘ville basse’) by the Aude river. Especially La cité is more than worth its visit. It is one of the most beautiful places in … 36travelers 3reviews 19blogs Versailles #15 most popular location World-famous as the one-time home of King Louis XIV, and still one of the most wealthy neighborhoods in the Paris region, Versailles has long stood as the epitome of what France once was, and… 60travelers 25reviews 23blogs Montpellier #16 most popular location Montpellier is the regional capital of the region Languedoc-Roussillon and the fastest growing town in France (at the Moment 391 162 inhabitants). With its unique mixe of students from all o… 125travelers 7reviews 13blogs Nantes #17 most popular location 133travelers 3reviews 4blogs Saint-Malo #18 most popular location Saint Malo is a very nice port located in the north of Brittany, the western part of France. Surrended by a wall, the medieval inner city keeps a peculiar atmosphere in its narrow pictures… 5travelers 2reviews 7blogs Aix-en-Provence #19 most popular location Aix-en-Provence is a city in the south of France, in the region Bouches-du-Rhone, 20 km north of Marseille. The city has about 145.000 inhabitants and over 20% of them are students. Aix-en-pr… 58travelers 8reviews 6blogs Biarritz #20 most popular location Biarritz is a bustling little beach community on the Bay of Biscay on the Atlantic coast in Southwest France. It is also in the somewhat volatile region of France and Spain known as Pays Basq… 33travelers 1blogs Tours #21 most popular location Tours, one of the major cities in the Centre province of France, is called "Le Jardin de la France" (The garden of France). There are several parks located within the city, as well as a cedar… 30travelers 7reviews 9blogs Reims #22 most popular location Reims also called "la cite des sacres" ( 180 000 hab ) in the heart of Champagne area. 130km of Paris ( 30min with TGV-high speed train ) Known for his famous cathedral who crown every frenc… 30travelers 8reviews 3blogs Arles #23 most popular location Arles is rich in history; the location of some of Van Gogh's greatest inspirations and the site of some of the greatest examples of Roman architecture.  Today you can visit the great aren… 13travelers 8reviews 5blogs Porto-Vecchio #24 most popular location Very small, not too touristy place, which feels like a small pirat place with an upper village and a nice small porto. Not many nice beaches in the Golf of Porto Veccio, but north and south o… 1travelers 1reviews Dijon #25 most popular location Dijon is the capital of Burgundy and was once the home of the Dukes of Burgundy. Fabulously wealthy and more powerful than the King until their empire became part of France in the 15th Centur… 39travelers 7reviews 6blogs Annecy #26 most popular location The capital of the Departement de Haute-Savoie, Annecy, i


"Who played Yosser Hughes in the acclaimed TV series ""The Boys From The Black Stuff'?"

Bernard Hill - IMDb IMDb Bernard Hill was born on December 17, 1944 in Manchester, England. He is known for his work on Titanic (1997), The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) and The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002). He is married to Marianne. They have one child. See full bio » Born:


What is the name of the cyclist from the Isle of Man who won six stages in the 2009 Tour de France?

Tour de France: Mark Cavendish wins historic green jersey - BBC Sport BBC Sport Tour de France: Mark Cavendish wins historic green jersey 24 Jul 2011 Read more about sharing. Cavendish (right) has now won 20 stages of the Tour de France Mark Cavendish won the final stage of the Tour de France in Paris, becoming Britain's first winner of the green jersey for the race's best sprinter. Manxman Cavendish, who has now won 20 stages of the race in his career, crossed the line first after a frenetic sprint finish on the Champs-Elysees. "I've been trying to get the green jersey for the last few years, it is a special day," said the 26-year-old. Cadel Evans took the yellow jersey to become Australia's first Tour winner. The polka-dot jersey for the Tour's best climber went to Spain's Samuel Sanchez, while Frenchman Pierre Rolland was confirmed as the best young rider with the white jersey. Welshman Geraint Thomas, who spent the first six days in white, finished 31st overall ensured him the honour of the top British rider in the general classification in his third Tour de France. Cavendish had amassed 15 stage wins over his previous three Tours, but his failure to take green before this year had been been one factor in the organisers' decision to increase the rewards on offer at the end of each stages. Tour facts: Mark Cavendish 2007 - Makes his Tour debut and after crashing in the first two stages retires during stage eight 2008 - Becomes the first British rider to win four stages in a single Tour but abandons after stage 14 to concentrate on the Olympics 2009 - After failing to win a medal in Beijing wins six stages of the Tour 2010 - Wins five more stages and finishes second in the points classification 2011 - Becomes first British winner of the green jersey and moves onto 20 stage wins with five more victories The Isle of Man cyclist finished with 334 points, while Spaniard Jose Joaquin Rojas was second with 272 and Belgian Philippe Gilbert had 236. However, despite the relatively comfortable final margin of victory Cavendish was not assured of securing the green jersey until he won the final sprint. If Rojas had won the stage then Cavendish would have needed to finish second or third to claim the jersey he so highly coveted. "I've been incredibly lucky to have a group of team-mates who have been committed to me winning races and it has paid off," said the HTC Highroad cyclist. "I can't stress how lucky I am, I couldn't do it alone. I'm super emotional, super happy." Evans had assumed the lead in the overall standings from Leopard-Trek's Andy Schleck in Saturday's time trial and a flat 95km stage into Paris did not offer any opportunities to attack his advantage of one minute 34 seconds. Cavendish had a less comfortable cushion in the green-jersey standings with 15 points separating him from Rojas at the start of the final day. Any hopes Rojas harboured of making early inroads on his rival were ruined however, as Slovenian Kristjan Koren led an unexpected six-man breakaway through the intermediate sprint to earn 20 points. Cavendish was the first of the peloton over the line while team-mate Matt Goss held off Rojas to extend the Manxman's lead to 17 points. With Team Sky's British rider Ben Swift playing a full role, the escapees pushed their lead up towards 45 seconds. But the leading group disintegrated as Lars Bak, an HTC team-mate of Cavendish, pushed the pace, having previously been content to trail along on the back of the group. Analysis Twenty Tour de France stage wins, five this year, three in a row in Paris and now, finally, one box-fresh green jersey: it's official, Mark Cavendish is the fastest sprinter on two wheels. He is also a massive star. In France. True fame has yet to come in the UK (with the honorable exception of his birthplace, the Isle of Man), but if he keeps pulling stunts like this one it will come eventually. With 30km to go on the Champs- Elysees, Cav was by the side of the road, changing his bike. As cool as a cucumber. Half an hour later, he was rolling through the line, arms outstretched, grinn