Which planet's two largest moons have the suitably watery names of Triton and Nereid?

Space Today Online - Moons of the Solar System SPACE TODAY ONLINE ~~ COVERING SPACE FROM EARTH TO THE EDGE OF THE UNIVERSE Moons of the Solar System Massive planet Jupiter below the moon Io click NASA image to enlarge A moon is a natural satellite rotating around a planet. While moons vary in size, each moon is much smaller than its planet. Almost 140 moons are known in the Solar System. Several moons are larger than the planet Pluto and two moons are larger than the planet Mercury. There also are many small moons that may be asteroids captured by their planets. Only Mercury and Venus do not have any moons. By comparison, Earth has one moon and Mars has two. Jupiter has the most of any planet. Saturn is second. Pictures taken by the Hubble Space Telescope suggest there may be even more moons around those outer planets. earth's moon » Largest. The largest moon is Ganymede with a diameter of 3,280 miles, even larger than either of the planets Mercury and Pluto. Saturn's moon Titan is the second largest in the Solar System with a diameter of 3,200 miles, half again as large as Earth's Moon. The Planets and Their Moons PLANET Jupiter 62 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Amalthea, Himalia, Elara, Pasiphae, Sinope, Lysithea, Carme, Ananke, Leda, Metis, Adrastea, Thebe, Callirrhoe, Themisto, Kalyke, Iocaste, Erinome, Harpalyke, Isonoe, Praxidike, Megaclite, Taygete, Chaldene, Autonoe, Thyone, Hermippe, Eurydome, Sponde, Pasithee, Euanthe, Kale, Orthosie, Euporie, Aitne, plus others yet to receive names Saturn 33 Titan, Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Tethys, Enceladus, Mimas, Hyperion, Prometheus, Pandora, Phoebe, Janus, Epimetheus, Helene, Telesto, Calypso, Atlas, Pan, Ymir, Paaliaq, Siarnaq, Tarvos, Kiviuq, Ijiraq, Thrym, Skadi, Mundilfari, Erriapo, Albiorix, Suttung, plus others yet to receive names Uranus 27 Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Belinda, Puck, Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, Caliban, Sycorax, Prospero, Setebos, Stephano, Trinculo, plus others yet to receive names Neptune Triton, Nereid, Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus, plus others yet to receive names Pluto 139   Saturn. When the Cassini spacecraft from Earth arrived at Saturn in 2004, it promptly found two previously unseen moons. They turned out to be the smallest bodies seen until then around the ringed planet. The tiny natural satellites are about 2 miles and 2.5 miles in diameter. That's smaller than the city of Boulder, Colorado. Previously, the smallest moons seen around Saturn were are about 12 miles across. The moons are 120,000 miles and 131,000 miles from the center of planet Saturn between the moons Mimas and Enceladus. The newly discovered bodies were labeled S/2004 S1 and S/2004 S2. Later, they will be given names. The NASA JPL team wondered if S/2004 S1 might not be an object called S/1981 S14 that had turned up in a 1981 Voyager image. Saturn moons » Smallest. The smallest moon is Deimos, at Mars, only seven miles in diameter, although its size now is rivaled by the small shepherd moons discovered by Cassini at Saturn and by others yet to be counted and named in the rings around Jupiter, Saturn and other giant gas planets in the outer Solar System. There may be tiny moons as small as only around a mile across. Pluto. Charon is the moon closest in size to its planet, Pluto. Earth's Moon is second in that comparison. Neptune. The interplanetary probe Voyager 2 in 1989 found six previously-unknown moons orbiting Neptune. They ranged in diameter from 33 miles to 250 miles. In 1991, they were named Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus. The names Galatea and Larissa were controversial since asteroids previously had been given those names. Names are assigned by the nomenclature committee of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Triton. Before Voyager 2, astronomers knew Neptune had two moons, Triton and Nereid. With a surface temperature of –391 degrees, Triton was found by Voyager 2 to have a thin veneer of methane and nitrogen on top of water ice on its surface. Triton had


Huby's Tower is a feature of which ruined abbey?

The Lingering Power of Fountains Abbey Ancient Britain ï¿½ Castles ï¿½ Churches/Cathedrals ï¿½ Houses/Manors ï¿½ Museums ï¿½ Towns ï¿½ Countryside ï¿½ London ï¿½ History & Folklore ï¿½ Travel Tips Test daily news The Lingering Power of Fountains Abbey by Julia Hickey Even on the most overcast day, Fountains Abbey has the power to provoke a mood of contemplation and awe, as if centuries of prayer and monastic life have been soaked into the mortar that holds the great stone blocks together. The story of the Abbey, nestling in the Yorkshire Dales, tells the tale of the rise and fall of monasticism in England. Monastic life played a central role in religious life and society in Medieval England. Evidence suggests that there may have been as many as 600 monastic buildings in England alone, but in 1066 there were only 30, all following the Benedictine rule. St Benedict of Nursia first wrote his rules for monastic communities in the 6th century. These were reformed and declared to be the rule for English monasteries in the 10th century. However, by the 12th century, many monasteries had drifted away from a life of religious simplicity into a lifestyle more associated with wealth than poverty. Benedictine monasteries were often elaborate in design and the men who lived behind their walls dined well and lived like lords. Many abbots wore furs and kept hounds. In 1132, thirteen Benedictines -- so-called "black monks" on account of their clothing -- sought to return to the life of simplicity that was closer to the Rule of St. Benedict than the current way of life in the abbeys of England. Leaving their former abbeys, they travelled into the wild landscape of the Yorkshire hills. There they found a small, sheltered valley with a fresh supply of water and hills that would yield the materials they needed to build a new abbey. The thirteen monks in the wilds of Yorkshire were not alone in their desire for reform and a life of simplicity. The Cistercian order of monks had been founded in 1098 in Burgundy; the order -- with its commitment to austerity -- arrived in England in 1128. By 1135 the new monastery at Fountains had also become part of the Cistercian brotherhood. The ruins that visitors see today reflect the simplicity of Cistercian beliefs. The monks wanted a building that was functional and unadorned by elaborate or ornate decorations. They wanted to concentrate on their life of prayer rather than being distracted by trappings of worldly wealth. Thus, the walls of Fountains Abbey are solidly built, the mouldings around the windows and doors stark and simple in their inspiration. The grandeur that visitors see in Fountains comes from the solid clean lines of soaring walls and the majesty of the skyward curving arches. The location of Fountains was also ideal for the contemplative life. Even now, amidst the bustle of modern life and the jostle of tourists, it is possible to find a moment of solitude to enjoy the tranquillity that Fountains Abbey exudes. Sheltered on either side by woodland and deer park, the skies around the abbey are filled by the sound of birdsong, and on a summer day it is impossible not to be enchanted by the sparkling River Skell as it passes beneath the infirmary and refectory. Not Just Woolgathering... The Cistercians' desire for discipline, firm monastic rule and simplicity of life was best symbolised by their rough, undyed sheeps-wool habits -- hence their nickname of "the white monks." Visitors to Fountains during the cold winter months should remember that the monks who lived here were not allowed to wear furs or warm underclothes -- just their habits. The White Monks were so determined that their monastic lives should not become corrupted or worldly in any way that they refused to rely on gifts and patronage for their survival. Other monasteries received gifts of money and lands in return for their prayers, but the Cistercians decided that they would support themselves. Ironically, their desire for financial independence from the secular community led to Fountains Abbey being the ri


When, Where, How Did William Shakespeare Die? Cause Of Death BBC REPORT ON WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S 400 YEAR ANNIVERSARY Where, When & How Did William Shakespeare Die? 200,000 Google His Cause Of Death SHAKESPEARE'S DEATH is as much of a mystery as his life. Was it syphilis, typhoid, influenza, alcohol or drug abuse that caused his death, or a combination of elements? By Ben Arogundade . [Apr.26.2016] WHEN, WHERE AND HOW did English playwright William Shakespeare die? According to Google, who collate and publish global monthly search statistics, approximately 17,849 internet-users type this collection of queries into their digital devices each month — that adds up to over 200,000 searches per year globally. SHAKESPEARE: WHEN, WHERE & HOW DID HE DIE? So, when, where and how did Shakespeare die? A limited number of facts are known. We know, for example that he died in Stratford-upon-Avon, on April 23, 1616 — his 53rd birthday — and his burial was recorded in the register of the Holy Trinity Church, Stratford. Five years previously, Shakespeare had returned home to Stratford after almost 20 years in London. He was taken seriously ill in the first weeks of 1616 — so much so that on January 18 he issued instructions for the drawing up of his will, which, after various delays, was finally completed on March 25. The exact nature of Shakespeare’s illness, and subsequent death, remains the subject of much speculation. Here are the hypotheses currently debated by scholars: TERTIARY SYPHILIS This is a sexually transmitted disease, the onset of which may occur years or even decades after initial infection, and which was a known killer in Shakespeare’s time. An analysis of his final signatures suggests that he may have been suffering from dystonia in his arm — an involuntary muscle contraction often linked to syphilis. This may explain why Shakespeare retired from playwriting in his later years. TYPHOID William Shakespeare’s house, New Place, was situated next to a small stream, which in those days were known carriers of typhoid — a contagious bacterial disease transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. It is common in areas of poor sanitation, and with limited access to clean water. The fact that Shakespeare suffered severe fevers for weeks before his death is consistent with typhoid. INFLUENZA There was an epidemic of this viral infection — commonly referred to as flu — during the winter of 1615 and 1616, which Shakespeare could have caught. A doctor at the time noted that fevers had been “especially prevalent in Stratford,” during that period. ALCOHOL ABUSE There is a reference, reported by the Stratford vicar of the time, to a “merry meeting” between Shakespeare and fellow playwright Ben Jonson, in which they “drank too hard, for Shakespeare died of a fever there contracted.” DRUG ABUSE The idea that Shakespeare could have indulged in drug abuse is a hot topic amongst scholars. In 2001 traces of cocaine and marijuana were discovered in early 17th-century clay tobacco pipes found near Shakespeare’s home and within the garden of his home. Although there is no proof that they belonged to him, they suggest the culture of drug use within his hometown, which he would have been aware of. Ultimately, perhaps the question of when, where and how William Shakespeare’s died is a combination of some of the aforementioned possibilities, as is often the case. Certainly, the speed of his burial — two days after his death — suggest that Shakespeare died of a contagious disease, and that there was concern about it spreading. The only way to know the truth about whether he died as a result of drug or alcohol abuse or an infectious disease would be to exhume his remains. But, fearful of what might have happened to them after his death, the Bard famously had a curse engraved upon his tomb: Good frend for Jesus sake forebeare, To digg the dust encloased heare; Bleste be the man that spares thes stones, And curst be he that moves my bones. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S SKULL But if getting inside William Shak


Which is the largest moon of the dwarf planet, Pluto

Pluto: Facts & Information About the Dwarf Planet Pluto A wide view of Pluto taken by the New Horizons space probe in July 2015. Credit: NASA/APL/SwRI Pluto, once considered the ninth and most distant planet from the sun, is now the largest known dwarf planet in the solar system. It is also one of the largest known members of the  Kuiper Belt , a shadowy disklike zone beyond the orbit of Neptune thought to be populated by hundreds of thousands of rocky, icy bodies each larger than 62 miles (100 kilometers) across, along with 1 trillion or more comets.  In 2006, Pluto was  reclassified as a dwarf planet , a change widely thought of as a demotion. The question of Pluto's planet status has attracted controversy  and stirred debate  in the scientific community , and among the general public , since then. American astronomer  Percival Lowell  first caught hints of Pluto's existence in 1905 from odd deviations he observed in the orbits of Neptune and Uranus, suggesting that another world's gravity was tugging at these two planets from beyond. Lowell predicted the mystery planet's location in 1915, but died without finding it. Pluto was finally discovered in 1930 by  Clyde Tombaugh  at the Lowell Observatory, based on predictions by Lowell and other astronomers. Pluto got its name from an 11-year-old Venetia Burney of Oxford, England, who suggested to her grandfather that the new world get its name from the Roman god of the underworld. Her grandfather then passed the name on to Lowell Observatory. The name also honors Percival Lowell, whose initials are the first two letters of Pluto.  Physical characteristics Since Pluto is so far from Earth, little was known about the dwarf  planet's size  or surface conditions until 2015, when NASA's New Horizons space probe made a close flyby of Pluto. New Horizons showed that Pluto has a diameter of 1,473 miles (2,370 km), less than one-fifth the diameter of Earth, and only about two-thirds as wide as Earth's moon. Observations of Pluto's surface by the New Horizons spacecraft revealed a variety of surface features , including mountains that reach as high as 11,000 feet (3,500 meters), comparable to the Rocky Mountains on Earth. While methane and nitrogen ice cover much of the surface of Pluto, these materials are not strong enough to support such enormous peaks, so scientists suspect that the mountains are formed on a bedrock of water ice. [ Photos of Pluto and Its Moons ] Pluto's surface is also covered in an abundance of methane ice, but New Horizons scientists have observed significant differences in the way the ice reflects light across the dwarf planet's surface. Another distinct feature on Pluto's surface is a large heart-shaped region known unofficially as Tombaugh Reggio  (after Clyde Tombaugh). The left side of the reggio (an area that takes on the shape of an ice cream cone) is covered in carbon monoxide ice. Other variations in the composition of surface materials have been identified within the "heart" of Pluto. In the center left of Tombaugh Reggio is a very smooth region unofficially known by the New Horizons team as "Sputnik Planum," after Earth's first artificial satellite, Sputnik. This region of Pluto's surface lacks craters caused by meteorite impacts, suggesting that the area is, on a geologic timescale, very young — no more than 100 million years old. It's possible that this region is still being shaped and changed by geologic processes . These icy plains also display dark streaks  that are a few miles long, and aligned in the same direction. It's possible the lines are created by harsh winds blowing across the dwarf planet's surface. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has also revealed evidence that Pluto's crust could contain  complex organic molecules . Pluto's surface is one of the coldest places in the solar system, at roughly minus 375 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 225 degrees Celsius). When compared with past images, pictures of Pluto taken by the Hubble Space Telescope revealed that the dwarf planet had apparently grown redder over time, apparently due to seasonal chan


What role on film has been played by Lon Chaney, Claude Raines and Herbert Lom, amongst others?

IMDb: Most Popular People With Biographies Matching "Gaston" Most Popular People With Biographies Matching "Gaston" 1-50 of 68 names. Robin Wright Robin Virginia Wright was born in Dallas, Texas, to Gayle (Gaston), a national director at Mary Kay, and Freddie Wright, a pharmaceutical executive. She grew up in San Diego, California. She started her professional career as a model in 1980 at age 14, and worked both in Paris and Japan. After finishing high school she decided to become an actress. She got a role on the soap opera Santa Barbara , for which she was nominated three times for a Daytime Emmy. During the first season of the show, she fell in love with fellow cast member Dane Witherspoon , whom she married in 1986. Meanwhile, she starred in The Princess Bride , playing the title role. After leaving the cast of Santa Barbara, she got the starring role in Denial alongside Jason Patric . In 1990, she was in State of Grace , where she met actor Sean Penn , by whom she had a daughter, Dylan Frances, and a son, Hopper Jack. After taking some time off, Robin was back to Hollywood with one the best roles of her career: She played Tara in The Playboys . She was extremely stunning and brilliant. Then, she acted in Toys with Robin Williams , and she gave a funny performance. In 1994, Wright was in the blockbuster hit Forrest Gump , with Tom Hanks . For her performance as Jenny, she got a nomination for a Golden Globe Award. She got a small role in The Crossing Guard , which starred Jack Nicholson . After turning down 14 roles, she played the title role of MGM/UA upcoming Moll Flanders , directed by Pen Densham . Her co-stars are Morgan Freeman and Stockard Channing . She just started to star in Erin Dignam 's Loved , with William Hurt . Hugh Jackman Hugh Michael Jackman is an Australian actor, singer, multi-instrumentalist, dancer and producer. Jackman has won international recognition for his roles in major films, notably as superhero, period, and romance characters. He is best known for his long-running role as Wolverine in the X-Men film series, as well as for his lead roles in the romantic-comedy fantasy Kate & Leopold (2001), the action-horror film Van Helsing (2004), the drama The Prestige and The Fountain (2006), the epic historical romantic drama Australia (2008), the film version of Les Misérables (2012), and the thriller Prisoners (2013). His work in Les Misérables earned him his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor and his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy in 2013. In Broadway theatre, Jackman won a Tony Award for his role in The Boy from Oz. A four-time host of the Tony Awards themselves, he won an Emmy Award for one of these appearances. Jackman also hosted the 81st Academy Awards on 22 February 2009. Jackman was born in Sydney, New South Wales, to Grace McNeil (Greenwood) and Christopher John Jackman, an accountant. He is the youngest of five children. His parents, both English, moved to Australia shortly before his birth. He also has Greek (from a great-grandfather) and Scottish (from a grandmother) ancestry. Jackman has a communications degree with a journalism major from the University of Technology Sydney. After graduating, he pursued drama at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, immediately after which he was offered a starring role in the ABC-TV prison drama Correlli , opposite his future wife Deborra-Lee Furness . Several TV guest roles followed, as an actor and variety compere. An accomplished singer, Jackman has starred as Gaston in the Australian production of "Beauty and the Beast." He appeared as Joe Gillis in the Australian production of "Sunset Boulevard." In 1998, he was cast as Curly in the Royal National Theatre's production of Trevor Nunn 's Oklahoma. Jackman has made two feature films, the second of which, Erskineville Kings , garnered him an Australian Film Institute nomination for Best Actor in 1999. Recently, he won the part of Logan/Wolverine in the Bryan Singer - directed comic-book movie X-Men . In his spare time, Jackman pla


What service did Hebe and her successor, Ganymede, perform for Zeus on Mount Olympus?

Prince Ganymede in Greek Mythology Prince Ganymede in Greek Mythology Updated on February 27, 2015 Greek mythology is often thought of in terms of deities and the heroes who inhabited the mortal realm; the ancient world, according to mythological stories, was also inhabited by other mythical being who were not gods, and mortals who were not heroes. One of these mortals was Ganymede. Ganymede is a relatively famous person from Greek mythology; famed for being the cupbearer of the gods, and one of the few mortals who was made immortal. Ganymede Prince of Troy Ganymede was a prince of the Dardanoi people, and is also referred to as a prince of Troy; both titles coming about because of his family line. Ganymede was the great-grandson of Dardanus, the king who would give his name to the Dardania region of Asia Minor, and the Dardanoi people who would inhabit it. Ganymede was also the son of Tros, a subsequent king of the Dardanoi, and the man who would give his name to the Trojan people. As a son of Tros, Ganymede was also brother to Ilus, the founder of Ilium (Troy), and Assarcus, the successor to Tros, as king of the Dardanoi.  The mother of Ganymede is rarely mentioned, and it is only in the Bibliotheca that the naiad Callirrhoe is named as mother to Ganymede. The Abduction of Ganymede Gabriel Ferrier (1847–1914) PD-art-100 | Source The Abduction of Ganymede There was one thing that set Ganymede apart from the other two sons of Tros, and indeed, from all other mortals, as Ganymede was regarded as the most attractive of all mortal men. Ganymede’s beauty was such that it even caused gods to lust after him. Zeus looked down from Mount Olympus and spied Ganymede tending to the flock of his father. So taken was Zeus, by the beauty of the prince, that he dispatched an eagle to abduct Ganymede; or else transformed himself into an eagle to do the abduction. In either case, the eagle plucked Ganymede from the earth, and soared upwards to the palaces of Mount Olympus, where the prince was to become Zeus’ lover, and cupbearer to the gods. Ganymede, of course, had no say in Zeus abducting him, nor did his father; and when Tros learned of his son’s abduction he started to pine away through grief. Zeus, feeling for Tros, dispatched Hermes, with some compensation for the king of Dardania. The compensation took the form of two divine horses; horses that were so swift that they could even run across water. Of more comfort to Tros though, was the news given to him by Hermes, that Ganymede was destined to live for ever amongst the gods, never aging a day. Lover of Zeus after Wilhelm Böttner PD-art-100 | Source The Role of Ganymede On Mount Olympus, Ganymede was given the role of cupbearer to the gods, bringing forth the ambrosia and nectar on which the deities feasted. The role of cupbearer had previously been undertaken by Hebe, the daughter of Zeus. Some sources would state that Hebe and Ganymede would work together serving the food and drink of the gods, whilst others would suggest that the male Ganymede usurped the female Hebe. Hebe though was destined to marry Heracles, upon the hero’s ascension to Mount Olympus, and so Hebe is also thought to have willingly given up her important role. Cupbearer of the Gods Louis de Silvestre (1675–1760) PD-art-100 | Source Ganymede and the Trojan War Ganymede is a name that features often in works from Ancient Greece and Rome, although it is perhaps with the coming of the Trojan War that the cupbearer again comes to prominence. The 4th century AD Greek poet, Quintus Smyrnaeus, would write, in The Fall of Troy (Posthomerica), particularly of Ganymede. As the Dardanoi and Trojans fought the Achaean forces, Ganymede became so upset on several occasions that Hebe was recalled to cupbearer duties When the Achaeans finally entered Troy, Zeus would hide the city and its sacking from sight, because of his love for Ganymede. Zeus would also bring the war to a close, sending the victorious Achaean forces away from Troy. The esteem by which Ganymede was held in by Zeus is seen by the fact that the likeness of


Which international relief agency, formed in 1863, has it's headquarters at 17, Avenue de la Paix, Geneva?

Career Jobs International Career Jobs International Career Jobs International Employment Vacancies is one stop Job Website for all your Job Vacancies search....... Classic Posted 4th March by Career Jobs International 0 List of Career Opportunities in International Organizations Jan. 2012 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) European Bank for Reconstruction  and Development (EBRD) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) International  Fund for Agricultural Development Internship: http://www.iaea.org/About/Jobs/index.html Special program for women: http://www- tc.iaea.org/tcweb/participation/asfelloworvisitor/professionalwomen/defa ult.asp Internship:  http://www.iadb.org/en/careers/internships,1360.html Young Professional Program: http://www.iadb.org/en/careers/young  -professionals-program,1358.html Research Fellow Program: http://www.iadb.org/en/careers/research-fellows  -program,1359.html Jobs: International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) International Organization for Migration International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) Nato Air Command and Control System Management  Agency Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development  (OECD) Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical  Weapons (OPCW) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Economic and Social http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/careers.nsf/Content/CareersatIFC http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=29&L=0#c53 Jobs: http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=28&L=0 Internship: http://www.opcw.org/jobs/  Internship:  http://www.osce.org/employment/91 Junior Professional Officer Programme: Young Professional Officer’s Program:  http://www.jposc.org/ Jobs: http://jobs.undp.org/cj_view_jobs.cfm Internship:  http://www.unescap.org/jobs/internships/ Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON) United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) United Nations Headquarter in New York (UN) United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV) United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG) United Nations Office at Addis Ababa UNECA) United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) Jobs: http://www.unescap.org/jobs/ http://www.unon.org/intern_ship/?ses=&ctfo=7&ctid=3&ctsub=16&ctno= INTERNSHIP+PROGRAMME Jobs: http://www.unhabitat.org/lis  t.asp?typeid=12&catid=435 Internship: http://www.unon.org/intern_ship/?ses=&ctfo=7&ctid=3&ctsub=16&ctno= INTERNSHIP+PROGRAMME Junior Professionals Officers:  http://www.unep.org/vacancies/default.asp?vac_level=Junior Jobs: http://www.unep.org/Vacancies/ Internship: http://www.unon.org/i  ntern_ship/?ses=&ctfo=7&ctid=3&ctsub=16&ctno= INTERNSHIP+PROGRAMME Jobs: http://www.unon.org/vac.php Internship: Junior Professional Programme  http://www.unicef.org/about/employ/index_jpp.html Jobs: http://www.unicef.org/about/employ/index.php Internship: Economic Commission for Latin America United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (UNICTR) United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Counter Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate  (CTED) United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Geneva (OHCHR) Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees  Geneva (UNHCR) Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Germany (UNHCR) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) http://www.eclac.org/cgi - bin/getProd.asp?xml=/noticias/vacantes/default.xml&xsl=/acerca/opor- tra-i.xsl&base=/tpl-i/top-bottom.xsl Internship:  http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c49d.html Junior Professional Officer Programm


Of the eight British kings called Henry, which one had the longest reign?

Medieval Kings of England Medieval Kings of England ... as compiled by Paul M. Remfry Edward the Confessor, 1042 to 1066 Brought up in Normandy, the reign of the Confessor saw the beginning of a close alliance with Normandy. Many Norman barons were brought into England to control the Welsh Marches and castles were first built in the kingdom. It would seem likely that Edward promised the Crown to Duke William of Normandy in 1051. King Harold II, 1066 Harold had been the power behind Edward's throne since 1055 and was elected King of the English by most of the English noble classes. King William I, the Conqueror, 1066 to 1087 King William "inherited" the English throne as heir to Edward the Confessor, with, after the battle of Hastings, substantial support from the remaining English nobility. Until 1071 the reign was spent suppressing English rebellions. After that date, by which time much of the English nobility had been eliminated, William had mainly Continental problems to deal with. The conquest of much of Wales was undertaken in the years 1070 to 1085. When William died the chronicles generally agreed that he was a good, but stern king. It had been possible during his reign for a man to walk with his pockets full of gold from one end of William's realm to the other with no-one touching him through their fear of the king. King William II, Rufus, 1087 to 1100 Second son of William the Conqueror, William had the sternness and military ability of his father, but not his sense of justice. His court was renowned for its brutality and licentiousness and the king was often at variance with the church. He faced major rebellions in 1088 and 1095 though he succeeded in crushing them, largely due to the loyal support of the English. King Henry I, 1100 to 1135 As able as his brother, Rufus, but with a keen sense of justice. The royal administrative corps really came into its own in his reign. The first seven years of Henry's rule was spent in protecting England and then conquering Normandy from his eldest brother, Duke Robert. He ruled with an iron fist like his father and looked secure both in England and on the Continent until 1120 when his only legitimate son and heir was killed in a naval tragedy. He settled the Welsh rebellion of his brother's reign and fortified Wales with many castles. The end of his reign was dominated by a succession crisis where Henry forced his barons to support his daughter, Matilda, as heir. King Stephen, 1135 to 1141 The favourite nephew of Henry I, broke his oath and assumed the kingship of England with the assent of the barons of England and Normandy. His character soon showed severe flaws for a king and as the English put it, he was found "to be soft". From 1136 onwards crisis followed crisis and England and Normandy slipped into Civil War. Empress Matilda, 1141 to 1142 Only legitimate daughter of Henry I to whom the Crown was promised in her father's lifetime. On her father's death Stephen was elected. In 1139 her half brother, Earl Robert of Gloucester, and Miles Gloucester rebelled from King Stephen in her favour. Stephen was defeated and captured in February 1141 and Matilda, the widow of the Emperor of Germany, began her short reign as Empress of the English. Her ill temper and brutal manner soon exasperated the English and she was chased out of London and by the end of 1142 she had been reduced to control of much of the South and West of England, King Stephen, released from captivity continuing his reign. Normandy was taken from Stephen by Matilda's second husband, Geoffrey of Anjou in 1144, both titles passing to their son, another Henry. King Stephen, 1142 to 1154 By 1147 the civil war in England had effectively ended with most of the important, industrious and populated parts of the kingdom remaining under Stephen's ineffectual rule. In 1153, Duke Henry of Normandy, the son of the Empress Matilda and Geoffrey of Anjou, invaded the kingdom and was recognised as Stephen's heir in place of his two sons, Eustace and William. King Henry II, 1154 to 1189 Henry succeeded Ki


Which Greek mathematician is best remembered for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle?

Archimedes | Greek mathematician | Britannica.com Greek mathematician Henri Poincaré Archimedes, (born c. 287 bce, Syracuse, Sicily [Italy]—died 212/211 bce, Syracuse), the most-famous mathematician and inventor in ancient Greece . Archimedes is especially important for his discovery of the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder . He is known for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle (known as Archimedes’ principle ) and a device for raising water, still used in developing countries, known as the Archimedes screw . Archimedes, oil on canvas by Giuseppe Nogari, 18th century; in the Pushkin Fine Arts Museum, Moscow. © Fine Art Images/age fotostock His life Archimedes probably spent some time in Egypt early in his career, but he resided for most of his life in Syracuse , the principal Greek city-state in Sicily, where he was on intimate terms with its king, Hieron II . Archimedes published his works in the form of correspondence with the principal mathematicians of his time, including the Alexandrian scholars Conon of Samos and Eratosthenes of Cyrene . He played an important role in the defense of Syracuse against the siege laid by the Romans in 213 bce by constructing war machines so effective that they long delayed the capture of the city. When Syracuse eventually fell to the Roman general Marcus Claudius Marcellus in the autumn of 212 or spring of 211 bce, Archimedes was killed in the sack of the city. Far more details survive about the life of Archimedes than about any other ancient scientist, but they are largely anecdotal , reflecting the impression that his mechanical genius made on the popular imagination. Thus, he is credited with inventing the Archimedes screw, and he is supposed to have made two “spheres” that Marcellus took back to Rome—one a star globe and the other a device (the details of which are uncertain) for mechanically representing the motions of the Sun , the Moon , and the planets . The story that he determined the proportion of gold and silver in a wreath made for Hieron by weighing it in water is probably true, but the version that has him leaping from the bath in which he supposedly got the idea and running naked through the streets shouting “Heurēka!” (“I have found it!”) is popular embellishment. Equally apocryphal are the stories that he used a huge array of mirrors to burn the Roman ships besieging Syracuse; that he said, “Give me a place to stand and I will move the Earth”; and that a Roman soldier killed him because he refused to leave his mathematical diagrams—although all are popular reflections of his real interest in catoptrics (the branch of optics dealing with the reflection of light from mirrors, plane or curved), mechanics , and pure mathematics . An animation of Archimedes screw. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Cheetahs Face Extinction Risk According to Plutarch (c. 46–119 ce), Archimedes had so low an opinion of the kind of practical invention at which he excelled and to which he owed his contemporary fame that he left no written work on such subjects. While it is true that—apart from a dubious reference to a treatise , “On Sphere-Making”—all of his known works were of a theoretical character, his interest in mechanics nevertheless deeply influenced his mathematical thinking. Not only did he write works on theoretical mechanics and hydrostatics, but his treatise Method Concerning Mechanical Theorems shows that he used mechanical reasoning as a heuristic device for the discovery of new mathematical theorems. His works There are nine extant treatises by Archimedes in Greek. The principal results in On the Sphere and Cylinder (in two books) are that the surface area of any sphere of radius r is four times that of its greatest circle (in modern notation, S = 4πr2) and that the volume of a sphere is two-thirds that of the cylinder in which it is inscribed (leading immediately to the formula for the volume, V = 4/3πr3). Archimedes was proud enough of the latter discovery to leave instructions for his tomb to be marked with a sphere inscribe


In which Dutch town or city will you find the Peace Palace?

The Hague travel guide - Wikitravel 13 Get out This article is about The Hague proper. Scheveningen is covered in a separate article. The Hague [1] (Dutch: Den Haag or 's-Gravenhage) is a city in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands . It is the seat of the Dutch parliament and government, and the residence of King Willem-Alexander, but it is not the capital city, which is Amsterdam . The municipality has about 500,000 inhabitants, with the greater urban area numbering about one million. The Hague lies on the North Sea and is home to Scheveningen , the most popular seaside resort of the Netherlands, as well as the smaller resort of Kijkduin. Understand[ edit ] View of the Binnenhof, the centre of government in The Hague Internationally, The Hague is often known as the "judicial capital of the world" due to the many international courts that are located in the city. Among these are the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and, since 2004, the International Criminal Court. Beside these institutions, The Hague is home to more than 150 international organizations, as well as many EU institutions, multinational companies and embassies. This gave the city a distinct international character — one that is noticeably different from Amsterdam. Rather than having the many foreign tourists and fortune-seekers attracted by Amsterdam's reputation for excitement and liberalism, The Hague generally has more expatriates working and living in the city because of the number of international institutions and companies. Because of this, The Hague has a reputation as a wealthy, conservative and somewhat sedate city. The Hague has very little of the edginess and excitement of Amsterdam; however, it provides well for its inhabitants in different ways, such as large areas of green space, 11 km of coastline, attractive shopping streets and an extensive multicultural scene. Rather than having canals like other Dutch cities, The Hague has streets and avenues that are just a little bit wider than those in the rest of the country, giving the city a more continental feel. Instead of the typical Dutch renaissance 17th-century step-gabled houses, it has 18th-century mansions in baroque and classicist styles. The city is considered by many as the most stately of the country. Just outside the city centre, posh neighbourhoods effuse a more 19th century look with eclectic and art nouveau architecture. The farther you get from the sea front and the city centre, however, the more neighbourhoods tend to become less well-off. One dividing line between affluent and sketchier areas is drawn by some at Laan van Meerdervoort, which runs parallel to the seaside. Areas away from the sea tend to have much less in the way of green space. An exception to this is one centrally located park, Zuiderpark, which also used to contain the stadium of the local football team ADO Den Haag. Some of its supporters were known as the most notorious hooligans of the country, perpetuating a stereotype of "lower-class" for the inhabitants of that area. The Hague offers great architecture, from the picturesque government complex of the Binnenhof, to the grand and stately mansions on Lange Voorhout. Museums like the Mauritshuis rank among the best in the country. For food aficionados, The Hague offers some of the country's best Indonesian cuisine, due to large-scale immigration from this former Dutch colony. The city also offers good opportunities for outings, such as extensive green spaces for walking and bicycling as well as dunes and seaside recreation areas just a few tram stops away from the city centre. The Hague also offers a few attractions especially appealing to children, such as the miniature city of Madurodam and the 360 degree Omniversum cinema. Over the past 10 years, the city has undergone an extensive amount of development in the form of modern architecture projects. Recent constructions include the City Hall and Central Library by American architect Richard Meier, De "Snoeptrommel" (known by the locals a


What name, from the Greek for 'in low relief', is given to a plain white wallpaper with a raised pattern which can be painted over?

Can I paint over lining paper? :: DIY By Design DIY Tips Blog Can I paint over lining paper? :: Posted by: Admin on May 9th, 2012 Can I paint over lining paper? A popular search that often comes up is, “Can I paint over lining paper?” Many people are not sure what lining paper is meant for or how to use it. This post will hopefully answer any of your questions about lining paper and its uses. What is lining paper meant for Lining paper has always primarily been used to give a smooth base in which to wallpaper over, however, a few years back wallpaper wasn’t fashionable and plain emulsioned walls, were all the rage but people soon realised that their walls were not that perfect, hence why they had the woodchip or embossed anaglypta or highly pattered wallpaper they had on the walls. So, the answer was to line the walls before painting them with emulsion. So yes, you can paint over lining paper. About ten years ago it was rare to hang wallpaper but very common to remove wallpaper and line the walls and emulsion them. Even though plain emulsioned walls are still very common today there has been a return to wallpaper in the last few years and wallpapered feature walls have become very common, this is partly fashion but also cost, as wallpaper can be very expensive. Lining paper If you wish to emulsion your walls rather than wallpaper them but the plasterwork isn’t wonderful you can hang lining paper and then emsulsion over it, just remember, lininig paper will not give you wonderful smooth walls that are blemish free, it isn’t the quick and easy fix. You still need to fill and prepair the walls before lining them and you may still see some lumps and bumps. If this is the route you wish to take you need to know how to hang the lining paper. To cross line or not? Cross-lining is where the lining paper is hung horizontally rather the vertically like traditional wallpaper, normally if you are going to be emulsioning over the lining paper you could hang it as you would wallpaper, vertically. Once you have hung the lining paper you need to allow it to fully dry before you emulsion over it, this will take normally between 12 – 24 hours depending on drying conditions. Cost and budget We are all budget conscious these days and have to budget for all expenses, decorating is no exception. The cost of wallpaper these days can make decorating a room expensive, lining your walls and emulsioniing them is a good alternative to paying out for wallpaper for the entire room, having a wallpapered feature wall can make a focal point in any room. The advantage of emulsioning your walls is that you can change the look and feel of a room fairly cheaply just buy buying another colour of emulsion, you can keep on trend with the colour of the year rather than the latest fashionable wallpaper trend. Ware and tear if you have young children or pets may also sway your choice, if you pay £30 upwards for per roll of wallpaper and the kids decide to draw all over it you may not be best pleased! If they do it to an emulsioned wall you may not be best pleased still but it can be sorted out quickly and cheaply buy painting over it. June 1st, 2012 at 1:13 pm Hello. I have walls papered with lining paper and then emulsioned (matt paint). The finish is excellent and the wallpaper is very firmly on the wall. My question is: can I wallpaper over the top of this? I am converting the room into a child’s room and have found some great paper (black and white picture frames, for the child to draw/paint on) and want to just put this on one wall – not the whole room. Do I need to treat the wall first – or should I just strip the (perfectly good!) paper? Thanks! Admin December 6th, 2012 at 4:05 pm @Jo You can paper over emulsioned lining wallpaper, as long as the lining paper is sound there shouldn’t be any problems. No treatment is required before wallpapering. Sally January 24th, 2013 at 1:27 pm Hi I have painted lining paper a few times and find it soaks up the paint allot, someone told me you can use a mixture of flour and water to paint on before painting to save mon


What was on the banned 'B' side of Jasper Carrot's 1975 hit record Funky Moped?

jasper carrot magic roundabout - YouTube jasper carrot magic roundabout Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 5, 2009 jasper carrot magic roundabout  funny Category


"During which crisis did the then American Secretary of State Dean Rusk make the comment ""We're eyeball to eyeball and the other fellow just blinked""?"

An ‘eyeball to eyeball’ moment that never happened - The Washington Post An ‘eyeball to eyeball’ moment that never happened The inside track on Washington politics. Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we’ll e-mail you free updates as they’re published. You’ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. You’re all set! By Glenn Kessler June 23, 2014 Follow @GlennKesslerWP “There was a moment at the height of the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962 when Soviet ships approached to within just a few miles of a U.S. naval blockade and then, at the last minute, turned back — prompting then-Secretary of State Dean Rusk to utter one of the most famous lines from the Cold War:  ‘We’re eyeball to eyeball, and I think the other fellow just blinked.’” — opening sentence of a column, “ Putin Blinked ,” by Thomas L. Friedman, the New York Times, May 27, 2014 The Fact Checker does not normally assess the accuracy of claims of pundits, keeping our gaze generally on politicians and political ads. But we are going to make an exception in this case, in part because this is an interesting case brought to our attention by our old colleague Michael Dobbs , who first started The Fact Checker in 2007. The issue is this: When new primary source documents demonstrate that a historical myth has been proved incorrect, shouldn’t people who repeat the discredited myth admit their error? An even odder element here is that the Times has previously publicized the fact that the myth was wrong, citing this very research, and yet it refuses to correct the error in Friedman’s column. The Facts The myth in question is the supposed “eyeball to eyeball” confrontation of U.S. and Soviet ships during the Cuban Missile Crisis — an event spun at the time by the Kennedy White House as a pivotal moment that demonstrated courage and coolness under fire. But Dobbs, in his 2008 book “ One Minute to Midnight ,” demonstrated conclusively that there was no high seas engagement. Sixteen missile-carrying Soviet ships had already been turned around on the orders of Premier Nikita Khrushchev the day before. (Here’s an English translation of the minutes of a Soviet Communist Party presidium meeting  ratifying the decision.)  The orders were issued early in the morning of Oct. 23, 1962. Of course, President John F. Kennedy and his aides did not know that on the morning of Oct. 24 as they awaited a potential clash. An aircraft carrier group led by the USS Essex had orders to intercept the Kimovsk and her submarine escort. Kennedy nervously canceled the intercept, issuing an order to the Essex: “Secret. From Highest Authority. Do Not Stop And Board. Keep Under Surveillance.” At the time, Dobbs concluded, Kimovsk was nearly 800 miles away from the Essex, not “just a few miles.” This was all eventually figured out by U.S. intelligence analysts — here are the CIA records obtained by Dobbs — but the White House failed to correct the historical record. After all, the eyeball to eyeball imagery was simply too good for political memoirs. In the book, Dobbs printed a map showing the ship positions. Courtesy of Michael Dobbs, “One Minute to Midnight.” It’s worth noting that Dobbs’s book received a rave review on the cover of the New York Times Book Review from the late diplomat Richard Holbrooke, who praised it for revelations “that will change the views of experts and help inform a new generation of readers.” Four years after Dobbs’s book was published, Robert Caro published the fourth volume of his history of Lyndon B. Johnson, “ The Passage of Power ,” and included a brief mention of Johnson’s role during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He repeated the myth about Russian ships being “within a few miles of the [quarantine] line.”  (Page 213.) The Caro book is magnificent, with new and revelatory material about Johnson in the Kennedy White House and during the aftermath of Kennedy’s assassination. But checking the source notes, it is clear that Caro did not rely on primary documents for this particular fact; in fact, no source


What role on film has been played by Colin Clive, Peter Cushing and Kenneth Branagh among others?

James McAvoy in Talks to Play ‘Frankenstein’ James McAvoy in Talks to Play ‘Frankenstein’ Share Comment Frankenstein is one classic horror tale that never seems to go out of style, and as a result, it’s often difficult to keep track of the various ongoing project developments based on Mary Shelley’s novel and the spectre that haunts it. Pacific Rim director Guillermo del Toro has had his own version in development for a long time now – which unfortunately never seems to get any closer to becoming a reality – but there’s also  I, Frankenstein , an adaptation of the comic book series of the same name that stars Aaron Eckhart in the lead and is out in theaters in January. The next major Frankenstein movie will be directed by Paul McGuigan (Lucky Number Slevin) for Twentieth Century Fox, based on a script by Chronicle writer Max Landis. With a release date already set for next fall, pre-production is already steaming ahead and Frankenstein will likely begin shooting within the next few months. Luckily, the search for the right actor to play the title role seems to have come to an end. Deadline reports that Fox has settled upon X-Men: Days of Future Past star James McAvoy as the choice for their obsessive scientist, and that “dealmaking is underway.” While this doesn’t mean that McAvoy is completely locked in for the role quite yet, it’s pretty safe to say that Fox has found their Frankenstein. It was apparently a much sought-after role, with Toby Kebbell (Wrath of the Titans) and Jack Huston (Kill Your Darlings) among the actors previously who auditioned. This is a solid casting choice that’s sure to spark some increased interest in Frankenstein.   McAvoy’s most notable international role to date has been as a professorial character, making it easy to imagine him playing a scientist, but he has a lot of range and other roles in his resume include an awkward, nerdy college student in Starter for 10, a working class Romeo in Atonement, a car thief in Shameless and Mr. Tumnus in Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and Wardrobe. McAvoy’s prospective character name is listed as Victor Von Frankenstein, the name of the character in the Hammer Horror movies, rather than simply Victor Frankenstein, as he was called in the book. Combined with the news that Daniel Radcliffe will be playing Igor , a character who was first introduced in James Whale’s 1931 film version of the story (though his name was actually Fritz), it sounds like McGuigan’s film will be an amalgamation of elements from the expansive Frankenstein mythos rather than a direct adaptation of Shelley’s novel. Many actors have played Victor Frankenstein in the past – Colin Clive, Udo Kier, Benedict Cumberbatch, Gene Wilder, Peter Cushing, and Kenneth Branagh among them – but who has been your favorite Frankenstein so far, and who are you hoping to see take on the role in the future? Weigh in with your thoughts in the comments. Frankenstein creeps into theaters on October 17th, 2014.


The material known as scagliola has, since antiquity, been used to imitate which other material?

Real Finishes: Scagliola Friday, November 25, 2011 Scagliola The highest expression of the plasterer’s art has been created, lost and rediscovered. Yet for the past two millennia Scagliola has never ceased to fascinate nor witness its aura of mystery diminish. Part sculpture, part science, the sophisticated process that gives birth to Scagliola demands the focused mind and precision of a chemist, the hands of an experienced plasterer and the subtle, sensitive eye of an artist. History Scagliola results from a meticulously programmed sequence of tinting, blending and arranging plasters to imitate marble. Archaeologists have discovered that the Romans and the Egyptians employed methods, long since forgotten, to imitate marble in plaster. However, it was in the 16th century Italian Renaissance that the contemporary approaches to Scagliola were conceived and perfected to effect complicated inlays in furniture surfaces. By the early renaissance many desired marbles were rare or had been exhausted. Scagliola could imitate such marbles as well as create colours and patterns that did not exist in nature. The use of Scagliola soon expanded to casting in ornament, column shafts and even entire walls, a process that became known as Stucco Marmo. The use of Stucco Marmo expanded throughout continental Europe and finally to Britain in the 18th century. Prominent uses of Stucco Marmo Scagliola in England include column and pilaster shafts at Buckingham Palace and the Syon House by Robert Adam. A significant breakthrough in plaster technology was achieved in the mid 19th century with the advent of Keen’s cement. Keen’s paved the way for a new method for producing Scagliola called Marezzo, known in the United States as American Scagliola due to its ready acceptance and prominent use from the mid 1800’s until the Great Depression. There are countless recipes, historical and contemporary, in all cases secret and proprietary for the ingredients and mixing of Scagliola. Let’s attempt to at least partially pull back the curtain of secrecy with a basic explanation of Scagliola manufacture. Manufacture Traditional Scagliola can be done in situ (in place) or on a bench. Work performed in situ requires several precautions in preparation of the substrate. In all cases the work environment should be clean, warm and dry. Finely ground Plaster of Paris is used as the base material. Animal hide glue high in collagen such as rabbit or isinglass is prepared the day of manufacture to retard the plaster and add strength to the work. Dry mineral pigments can be introduced directly into the dough, mixed with dry gypsum, or emulsified depending on desired effect. Optional ingredients include whiting or selenite (ground gypsum) as filler, linseed oil to complement the glue as a retarder and aid in workability, and marble chips for decorative effect. Much like a bread maker working with flour, yeast and water, the artisan kneads Plaster of Paris and glue water to the consistency of firm dough. This is best accomplished by forming a ring of dry plaster surrounding a central "castle" of plaster. The "moat" is filled with glue water and the process of cutting and kneading begins. Through a series of slicing, addition of pigments, folding and re-joining the whole of the mass is mixed and set aside as large balls placed in ratios and arrangements that achieve the desired result: a counter-type of true marble or a fanciful creation. Depending on the desired outcome, from the initial mixing colored slurries and other preparations are set aside for decorative effects. Much of the artisanship lies in a process of mental reverse engineering. One must conceive the desired outcome, have all materials on hand and systematically take steps to accomplish the effect. Typically the plaster is built up to 1/2” to 5/8” thickness, leaving 1/8” for cutting of the surface. Once the material has achieved an initial set it can be planed with an appropriate cutting tool such as a Berthelet or French razor, removing the 1/8” excess to realize a flat surface. At this point the material


What name is given to the type of wallpaper produced by applying wool fibres to the paper to give a velvety surface?

Glossary of Fabric Terms - Fabric - Store A manufactured fiber, its major properties include a soft, wool-like hand, machine washable and dryable and excellent color retention. Alpaca A natural hair fiber obtained from the Alpaca sheep, a domesticated member of the llama family. Angora The hair of the Angora goat. Also known as Angora mohair. Angora may also apply to the fur of the Angora rabbit. Antique Satin A reversible satin-weave fabric with satin floats on the technical face and surface slubs on the technical back created by using slub-filling yarns. It is usually used with the technical back as the right side for drapery fabrics and often made of a blend of fibers. Batik A method of dyeing fabric where some areas are covered with wax or pastes made of glues or starches to make designs by keeping dyes from penetrating in pattern areas. Multicolored and blended effects are obtained by repeating the dyeing process several times, with the initial pattern of wax boiled off and another design applied before dyeing again in a new color. A lightweight, plain weave fabric, semi-sheer and usually made of cotton or cotton blends. Appropriate for heirloom sewing, baby clothes and lingerie. Bedford Cord A cord cotton-like fabric with raised ridges in the lengthwise direction. Since the fabric has a high strength and a high durability, it is often used for upholstery and work clothes. A fabric with a crosswise rib made from textile fibers (as rayon, nylon, cotton, or wool) often in combination. Boiled Wool Felted knitted wool, it offers the flexibility of a knit with great warmth. Create your own by washing double the needed amount of 100% wool jersey in hot water and drying in a hot dryer. Expect 50% shrinkage. Appropriate for jackets, vests and stuffed animals. Blackout A type of fabric that is commonly used for drapery, this fabric has the distinctive quality of blocking light, and comes in two forms: 2-pass and 3-pass. Two-pass has two “passes” of foam on a fabric, which means the black layer of foam will be visible. 3-pass has two layers of white and one layer of black foam. Three-pass can also be used as an upholstery fabric, as the black layer is not visible. Blackout fabrics can also be insulating and noise-dampening. Buckram A very stiff cotton fabric that is been soaked in a substance to fill in the gaps between the fibers. The fiber is usually cotton and is finished with starch and resin. Buckram fabric is most commonly used as the supporting material inside of baseball caps. It is also used in lady's hats, costumes, belts, and handbags. A loosely constructed, heavy weight, plain weave fabric. It has a rough hand. Appropriate for draperies and decorative items. Burn-out Velvet Created from two different fibers, the velvet is removed with chemicals in a pattern leaving the backing fabric intact. Appropriate for more unconstructed and loosely fit garments. Chenille The French word for caterpillar, this soft fabric is created by placing short pieces of yarns between core yarns and twisting the yarn together to make a fabric. This fabric is commonly used for baby items and in home décor fabrics. Chantilly lace This lace has a net background, and the pattern is created by embroidering with thread and ribbon to create floral designs. The pattern has areas of design that are very dense, and the pattern is often outlined with heavier cords or threads. Charm Quilt A quilt made of many, many small patches (traditionally 2" or so) where each piece is a different fabric. The pattern is usually a one-patch design and often involves swaps and trades with friends to gather many fabrics. Charmuese A luxurious, supple silky fabric with a shiny satin face and a dull back. Generally either silk, rayon ,or polyester. Suitable for blouses, fuller pants and lingerie. Cotton a white vegetable fiber grown in warmer climates in many parts of the world, has been used to produce many types of fabric for hundreds of years. Cotton fabric feels good against the skin regardless of the temperature or the humidity and is therefore in great demand by


A thick fillet steak served with a bearnaise sauce is named after which French statesman?

Chateaubriand - definition of Chateaubriand by The Free Dictionary Chateaubriand - definition of Chateaubriand by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Chateaubriand Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Cha·teau·bri·and also cha·teau·bri·and  (shă-tō′brē-äN′) n. A double-thick, tender center cut of beef tenderloin, sometimes stuffed with seasonings before grilling. [After Vicomte François René de Chateaubriand.] Chateaubriand (French ʃɑtobrijɑ̃) n 1. (Biography) François René (frɑ̃swa rəne), Vicomte de Chateaubriand. 1768–1848, French writer and statesman: a precursor of the romantic movement in France; his works include Le Génie du Christianisme (1802) and Mémoires d'outre-tombe (1849–50) 2. (Cookery) a thick steak cut from the fillet of beef Châ•teau•bri•and 1. François René, Vicomte de, 1768–1848, French author and statesman. 2. (often l.c.) a large, thick tenderloin, broiled and served with béarnaise or other sauce. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Chateaubriand - a very thick center cut of beef tenderloin filet , fillet - a boneless steak cut from the tenderloin of beef Translations Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Vicomte de Chateaubriand References in classic literature ? How, as by an enchanted wand, have its scenes been changed, since Chateaubriand wrote his prose-poetic description of it,[1] as a river of mighty, unbroken solitudes, rolling amid undreamed wonders of vegetable and animal existence. View in context The bidet purchased at Chateaubriand completed the metamorphosis; it was called, or rather D'Artagnan called it, Furet (ferret). He had discovered, besides, since his departure from Chateaubriand, that nothing would be impossible for Furet under the impulsion of M. View in context All the well-known people of that period, from Alexander and Napoleon to Madame de Stael, Photius, Schelling, Fichte, Chateaubriand, and the rest, pass before their stern judgment seat and are acquitted or condemned according to whether they conduced to progress or to reaction. View in context Pierre to Chateaubriand, from Chateaubriand to Victor Hugo; it has no doubt some obscure relationship to those pantheistic theories which have greatly occupied people's minds in many modern readings of philosophy; it makes as much difference between the modern and the earlier landscape art as there is between the roughly outlined masks of a Byzantine mosaic and a portrait by Reynolds or Romney.


Who composed the music of the opera Moses and Aaron ?

Moses and Aaron: an unfinished opera (News article) | Opera Online - The opera lovers web site > Home > News > Moses and Aaron: an unfinished opera Moses and Aaron: an unfinished opera Next saturday, Moses and Aaron is played at the Opéra de Paris , in a new production signed by Romeo Castellucci (which will be broadcasted online next week). A choice taken by Stéphane Lissner for his first season at the very head of the parisian house, who wants to « interrogate about the greater questions on the world we are living in ». We take this occasion to analyse the issues (mostly lyrical) of this rare opera, sometimes diffcult to access. *** Moses und Aron, an unfinished opera, is the last and most imposing lyric work composed by Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951), aside from his huge dramatic oratorio Gurre-Lieder (1900-1911).This biblical drama, for which the musician himself wrote the libretto based on passages from the Pentateuch, holds a special place in the history of music.Moses und Aron remains Schoenberg’s most complex and formally audacious work, to the point that the musician himself feared it would never be performed because of the many difficulties involved in staging and performing it.This is a “dodecaphonic” opera that seeks to provide a response to new challenges.Once the classical tonal language has been called into question, how can one give musical and dramatic consistency to a lyrical work of great scale?  Riddled with these questions and these formal trials, Moses und Aron also became known for its insistence on questioning existence itself.Two Biblical characters, Moses and his brother Aaron, symbolize the opposition between Thought and Action in a period dominated by political upheaval that ended in Nazi barbarism. In search of opera A founder and instructor of the “Vienna School”, Arnold Schoenberg (1874- 1951) was responsible for a profound change in music history.He shattered conceptions of classical music by developing “dodecaphonism” and “serialism”, i.e., use of the technique of “composing with only twelve sounds connected to one another”.  Alban Berg (1885-1935) and Anton Webern (1883-1945) were his best-known pupils. The first of his works based entirely on the new musical language he developed was the Suite for piano op. 25 (1921).In 1918 he founded the “Society for Private Musical Performances” in Vienna, to keep out any critic or criticism, as no one was allowed to make any value judgment!It should be noted that, by and large, critics could not find sufficiently harsh words to denounce and belittle a form of music that seemed to them just barely listenable.  Schoenberg’s creative evolution was not even remotely understood by his contemporaries.He considered himself “a conservative forced to turn radical”.In 1925 he was appointed professor at the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin, where he remained until 1933.  It was there that he began the long and difficult process of composing Moses und Aron, a work that cost him so much effort and caused him such torment that it was never finished. Before Moses und Aron, which looks like a summary, two works appeared as attempts to revive the lyric tradition, Erwartung (Expectation) (1909) and The Hand of Fate (1908-1913).  In these two dramas, both of them only about twenty-five minutes long, unity is assured only by the libretto, as the abandonment of tonality carries with it the loss of the usual points of reference in the lyrical genre.  This raises the question of how one can give musical and dramatic consistency to a work that unfolds in one continuous movement with no tonal foundation.In 1928, Alban Berg wrote an article entitled “Opera’s Problem”. The twenty years during which Schoenberg continued to compose Moses und Aron without ever managing to finish it can be explained by the issues raised by the conception of an opera in a new genre, based entirely on a dodecaphonic series. In Moses und Aron, all of the musical material derives from a series of twelve tones, the tones of the scale, which is first introduced in Aaron’s speech: “Oh, sons of my fathe


What term used in the USA for a half-tamed horse means rough in Spanish?

Cowboy's Glossary of Horse Terms - Cowboy Showcase Cowboy Showcase Mexico Cowboy Glossary - Horse Terms ALAMAR KNOT:  decorative knot used to tie a mecate around a horse's neck.   In traditional Old California horse training, when a  horse   had graduated to become a finished  bridle horse, the alamar knot was tied from two coils of a mane hair mecate draped over the   horse's neck and the knot worn   on the horse's chest to denote him as a bridle horse. Link to a site showing how to tie the Alamar Knot   Bell Mare:  generally older mares wearing a bell, used as leaders in   pack trains or put in a remuda to locate where horses are grazing   at night. Bell:  To trim an animal's   tail into a distinctive bell shaped pattern.   Often   used on mules.  The pattern is used for identification,  for instance to show where a horse or mule should be in a pack   string. Bronco:  an animal that has   never been broken to saddle or harness use. Also bronc.  (Spanish:  rough) Bronc: Rodeo term used to designate the bucking horses that are   ridden with a saddle. Rough string: saddle horses that   buck every time they are saddled. Some never become gentle.   (Caballada):  Spanish for   a band of horses.   Saddle horses maintained by a   ranch.  Also see remuda or cavvy. Cavvy:   (caviada) Buckaroo term for a   ranch outfit's saddle horses.  The cavvy horses are gathered   by a horse wrangler and brought "to the ropes."  This is   a rope corral, sometimes temporary, at which the "day horses"   are roped.  The jigger boss, second in command, does the   roping.  The buckaroo calls out which horse he wants based   on the instructions the cow boss has given for the day's work.  Term used mainly in the Great Basin and northwest. Parada:  a relay of horses   and the place the change is made.  Similar to cavvy.  Group of broke horses. Remuda: all saddle   horses on a roundup that are thrown together and constitute   the remount horses for the cowboys. The remuda is in the charge   of a cowboy whose duty is to herd and bunch the animals when   the cowboys want a fresh mount.  This term is used most   often in the southwest and Texas.  North of U.S. Highway   50 the term most often used is cavvy or cavvietta.  Also see  'caballada', cavvy.   Cold-backed:  A horse that has a tendency to buck when initially   mounted in the morning.   Sun fish:  when a bronc bucks   and twists its body into a crescent, and throws head alternately   to right and left...looks as though he is trying to sun both   sides of his body. Swap ends: when a bronc is bucking   and goes up facing one direction but lands facing the opposite   direction.   Croup:  The croup is the   rump of the horse, the top of the hind quarters from the tail   to the kidney area (loin). Rafter-hipped:  horses with   a low tail set. Mustang types lacking a rump often show this   fall-off from the hipbone to the tail. Arabs and Tbreds have   a straight topline (flat croup), but some Quarter Horses show   a lot of slope from the loin down to the tail.  Donkey:  common name for   a member of the ass family.  The Spanish brought donkeys,   called "burros" in Spanish, to North America beginning   in the late fifteenth century.  They were the favored beast   of burden used by prospectors in the desert Southwest of the   United States.  A male donkey (jack) can be   crossed with a female horse to produce a mule. A male   horse can be crossed with a female donkey (jennet or jenny)   to produce a hinny.   Rocky Mountain Canary: a burro, also  sometimes called a Colorado Mocking bird.  Mule:  cross between a male   ass and a female horse (mare)  Sure footed and hard working   animal.  Photo shows a mule with its horse mother. Gouch eared:  Having   ragged or cropped ears.  Sometimes a horse will lose part   of an ear to frostbite or an accident. Ground-Tie:  The horse is taught to stand still with the reins dropped on   the ground rather than tied to a


Who wrote the music of the opera The Love of Three Oranges ?

Cheat Sheet: The Love For Three Oranges | Opera Australia The Love for Three Oranges cheat sheet: The Love for Three Oranges Everything you need to know about Prokofiev's surreal, screwball fairytale for adults. Please, just sum it up for me! Who was the composer? Sergei Prokofiev is one of the major composers of the 20th century: a Russian who studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory before making his name as a composer and pianist.  He is most famous for his ballet, Romeo and Juliet and his work for orchestra and narrator, Peter and the Wolf. Like other great 20th-century composers, he played with harmony but his work isn’t dissonant or 'difficult' — it’s melodic, approachable and in this opera, lots of fun! Prokofiev died aged 61 after a long illness, on the same day as Joseph Stalin. Sergei Prokofiev photographed circa 1918.  What happens in the story? The Prince is melancholy, tragic poetry to blame. Prescription? Laughter! While the court scrambles to amuse the prince, it's a witch that finally does the trick; tripping over and revealing her knickers. His laugh angers the witch, who curses the Prince with an obsessive love for three oranges. The Prince and his jester march off to find the oranges, kept in the kitchen of a murderous cook. But not everyone is on the prince's side; the Prime Minister is plotting to kill him! Does true love lie under that thick orange skin? Will the witch come back for revenge? Will the evil Prime Minister succeed? In this farcical fairytale, you never know what's around the corner. Who are the main players? The King of Clubs: ruler of an imaginary Kingdom The Prince: the King's son, struck down with melancholy Princess Clarissa: the King's niece, next in line for the throne Leandro: the Prime Minister Pantaloon: friend and advisor of the King Tchelio: a magician, protector of the King Fata Morgana: a witch, protector of Leandro  What's the big hit? Something to listen out for Prokofiev’s music is energetic, clever and very accessible. Listen to how rhythm drives the action (the most famous example is that famous march. The characters are literally marching, but the music is also signaling the story moving inexorably on!) A journalist perhaps best described the music of the opera, as he reviewed the dress rehearsal in 1921: "Music like this has never come from the orchestra pit of the Auditorium. Strange combinations of sounds that seem to come from street pianos, New Year's Eve horns, harmonicas and old-fashioned musical beer steins that play when you lift them up... it sounds like the picture of a crazy Christmas tree drawn by a happy child," wrote Ben Hecht for the Chicago Daily News. He observes two critics disparaging the music and concludes "perhaps ... music critics will fail to understand it and untutored [people] like ourselves will find in the hurdy-gurdy rhythms and contortions of Mr Prokofieff ... a strange delight. As if some one had given us a musical lollypop to suck and rub in our hair..." This production is ... Bold, colourful fun, from the brilliant mind of director Francesca Zambello . George Tsypin 's kooky sets explore the fantasy world of this satirical fairytale, and Tania Noginova's costumes are larger than life.  Costume sketches for the Chorus, Princess Ninetta and The King of Clubs by Tania Noginova. A little history Prokofiev was making waves in America with his music when the Chicago Opera enquired if he might write them an opera. The composer accepted a commission to produce an opera based on The Love for Three Oranges — a satirical, fairytale play by Carlo Gozzi. He wrote the libretto himself and composed the opera in just nine months, although its premiere was delayed by the death of Chicago Opera’s chief. The new artistic director promised to make it up to Prokofiev with a lavish production (it reportedly cost $100,000, and the composer conducted it himself). At its 1921 premiere, critics were stumped, although the audience reportedly enjoyed it. One critic wrote: "The work is intended, one learns, to poke fun. As far as I am able to discern, it pokes


Meaning 'Huntsman' in French, what name is given to a sauce made from mushrooms, shallots, tomatoes and white wine?

Chasseur | Define Chasseur at Dictionary.com chasseur [sha-sur; French sha-sœr] /ʃæˈsɜr; French ʃaˈsœr/ Spell [sha-surz; French sha-sœr] /ʃæˈsɜrz; French ʃaˈsœr/ (Show IPA) 1. (in the French army) one of a body of cavalry or infantry troops equipped and trained for rapid movement. 2. a uniformed footman or attendant; liveried servant. 3. a hunter. 4. Also called hunter's sauce. French Cookery. a brown sauce, usually containing mushrooms, tomatoes, shallots, white wine, etc. Origin of chasseur


Composed by Eric Coates, what is the title of the signature tune of Radio 4's Desert Island Discs?

Classic BBC Radio Theme ~ Desert Island Discs - YouTube Classic BBC Radio Theme ~ Desert Island Discs Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Aug 29, 2009 This is (By The) Sleepy Lagoon composed by Eric Coates and performed by Eric Coates and the Symphony Orchestra. The original version was recorded by Coates for introducing the BBC radio series Desert Island Discs, which has run since 1942, and the theme is still in use today. Upon hearing the melody, Jack Lawrence wrote the song lyrics to it, and it became a hit for bandleader Harry James reaching no1 in the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart in 1942. Other hit versions were recorded by Dinah Shore, David Rose, Fred Waring, Glenn Miller and others. The song made the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960, in a version by the Platters, found originally on the flipside of the 1960 top ten "Harbor Lights". The song is used at one of the rides (The Magic Clock) in De Efteling in The Netherlands, one of Europe's largest theme parks. Category


"Which stately home in Derbyshire was once described as ""more glass than wall""?"

Historic Houses in Derbyshire England > Derbyshire > Gazetteer of Historic Houses Historic Houses in Derbyshire A plain, almost stark exterior belies an interior full of unusual objects ammassed by a succession of eccentric owners. Here you will find fossils, stuffed birds, mammals, and other peculiar artefacts. Ticknall,                              Derby,                                            Derbyshire,                              England, DE73 7LE Heritage Rating: A Grade-II listed Georgian manor house in a lovely setting within the Peak District National Park. The site has been occupied for almost 2000 years, and sections of Roman buildings are incorporated into the foundations of the current house. Ashbourne,                                                          Derbyshire,                              England, DE6 2BA Heritage Rating: Catton Hall An attractive Georgian manor house of red brick, set in parkland beside the River Trent. Catton has been the home of the Nelson family since 1405, but the current house was designed by James Wyatt and built by Smith of Warwick in 1742. The house remains almost unchanged from that time, and is beautifully furnished with fine art and period furniture. Catton,                              Walton-on-Trent,                                                          Derbyshire,                              England, DE12 8LN Heritage Rating: Chatsworth One of the great country houses of England, set in superb parklands, Chatsworth is the home of the Dukes of Devonshire. The house was begun as an Elizabethan mansion by Bess of Hardwick, then rebuilt starting in 1686 to create an opulent 'statement' of the family's wealth and status. Everything at Chatwsorth is on a massive scale, extravagant and designed to impress (it does). The interior are full of fineart and furniture. You can't run out of superlatives about Chatsworth. Bakewell,                                                          Derbyshire,                              England, DE45 1PP Heritage Rating: Haddon Hall A superb historic house, begun by Peveril, the illegitimate son of William the Conqueror. That early Hall was heavily altered in the Tudor and Jacobean periods, but the State rooms have remained essentially unaltered since the 18th century. At the centre of the house is the marvellous 14th century Great Hall. Bakewell,                                                          Derbyshire,                              England, DE45 1LA Heritage Rating: Hardwick Hall Hardwick Hall is an Elizabethan mansion built in 1590 by Bess of Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury. One of the most remarkable women of the Elizabethan age, Bess built an extraordinary house that amazed her contemporaries with its huge expanse of windows. At a time when window glass was extremely expensive, such a show of wealth and extravagance earned Hardwick fame as a popular rhyme suggests: "Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall". Hardwick is exceptional in that so much of the interior furnishings have remained unchanged since the house was built over 400 years ago. Look for Whiteface Woodland sheep and Longhorn cattle in the country park that surrouds the house, or enjoy a walk through the walled courtyards which enclose formal gardens, an orchard, and a herb garden. Doe Lea,                              Chesterfield,                                            Derbyshire,                              England, S44 5QJ Heritage Rating:


What term used in the USA to describe a piebald horse means 'painted' in Spanish?

Pinto Horse Coat White Pattern | The Equinest Breeds Pinto Horse Coat White Pattern Paints & Pintos look exactly the same, their only difference is all in their bloodlines and registration. In the simplest of terms, all paints are pintos, but not all pintos are paints. Paint Vs. Pinto Pinto is a blanket term used for a collection of similar white patterns that can occur in a wide variety of breeds. While the term paint is used to describe pinto animals with either Thoroughbred or Quarter Horse bloodlines registered as a paint color breed. Piebald Vs. Skewbald Pinto terminology changes from region to region, however there are some fairly universal standards when it comes to white patterned horses. Piebald pintos are the result of a pinto white pattern on a black base and skewbald pintos are the result of a pinto white pattern on a chestnut or bay base. Types of Pinto Pinto white patterns have an affect on any base , modifier or dilution and come in perhaps the widest variety of colors & patterns. Frame Frame is an overo pattern and given the name because their pattern resembles a frame of color surrounding their spots, which are often jagged in a horizontal arrangement. They generally have dark legs, white markings on their face and at least one blue eye. Some frame pintos have almost no white on their body but will have bright blue eyes and at the other end of the spectrum this gene in its homozygous form is lethal and produces Overo Lethal White Syndrome. Sabino The sabino name itself comes from Northern Europe, however in Spanish Sabino means pale red or red roan and in South America Sabino specifically means flea bitten grey. When used to refer to pinto patterns sabino is an overo spotting pattern that is found in almost all spotted breeds. This pattern generally has white markings on the face, a white lower lip or chin, one blue eye and at least one white leg. They may also display white knee patches, roaning, pigmented skin under white hair and freckling around the soft spots. Splashed White This is another overo pattern and one that is often mistaken for frame or sabino. Splash white animals tend to look like they’ve been dipped in white paint, they generally have spots only on the bottom of their face or a full white head, at least one white leg and white along the belly, usually in distinct horizontal pattern and at least one blue eye. Tobiano Tobiano is by far the most well known and easily identified pinto patterns and is created by a dominant gene. They will generally have white legs, solid colored heads and brown eyes, while their spots are round with clean edges and usually arranged in a vertical pattern along the topline between the ears and tail. They may also display a bi-colored tail with a skunk stripe; small spots of color called ink spots, paw prints, or cat tracks; mottling or roaning of spots as pigmented skin extends into white hair called shadow paints, ghost paints, ribbon paints or halo paints; ermine spots; color around their chestnuts and even a solid body with no visible spots. Tovero As the name implies, this pattern is a combination of tobiano and overo characteristics and genetics. The expression of this pattern is difficult to categorize simply because its effects vary a great deal from animal to animal. However there are a few general traits they may display including; markings on a field of white; at least one blue eye; spots on the muzzle,chest, neck, flank and base of tail and white bodies with colored heads or ears called moroccan pattern or medicine hat.


'Sweet Caroline' and 'Forever in Blue Jeans' are among the compositions of which American singer and songwriter?

1000+ images about Neil Diamond on Pinterest | Legends, Barbra streisand and Diana Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas Neil Diamond


It's name deriving from the Gaelic for 'large sword', which two-edged sword was traditionally used by Scottish highlanders?

The Scottish Gael The Scottish Gael Of the arms and military accoutrements of the Celts THE armor of the Celts may not inappropriately be considered their dress, inasmuch as they apldotn laid aside their arms of defence, and never appeared abroad without some part of their military weapons. Respecting these, we have to express the same regret that was occasion- ed by the subject of the preceding Chapter: there are few monuments of antiquity that can, with certainty, be pronounced Gallic, and of these few, scarcely any display the military attire; the Romans, according to Montfaucon, repressing any desire to represent a subjugated people as independent warriors. It was a particular honor conferred on two Cel- tic legions, and a tribute to their unparalleled bravery, that statues of them in their arms were set up at Edessa, as before recited. The Gauls, in general, sought no other defence than what nature sup- plied, despising artificial means of protecting their bodies;* but, when fully accoutred, they had both helmets and shields, breast-plates, and coats of mail, the common use of which was, apparently, confined to the nobles; the vassals, or clients, being unable to procure these articles, or, perhaps, denied the privilege of wearing them. The German foot, in the days of Tacitus, were either naked, or dressed in light cassocks, having few coats of mail, and fewer helmets. The ancient Britons are described as going generally almost naked, disregarding all defensive armor, except the shield. f It does not appear whether the plates of iron with which they covered their necks and bellies, J were used as ornaments or for protection. Mela savs, the Britons wore the same armor as the Gauls, but, like * Diodorus. 186 CELTS' CONTEMPT FOR DEFENSIVE ARMOR. them, they relied on their dexterity and physical strength rather than on any defensive armor, which they considered as an incumbrance, if not an indication of cowardice. "I wear no armor," said an Earl of Strath- erne, at the battle of the Standard, 1138; "yet they who do, will not advance beyond me this day." Giraldus Cambrensis says, the Welsh fought naked, or used very light armor, that it might not impede their exertions, the Irish despising it altogether. At the battle of Telamon, the Gesata? stripped off their dresses and stood before the army naked, carrying their weapons only, that they might not be entangled by the bushes or otherwise obstructed. Polybius describes it as terrible, and astonishing to see those men marching naked, and to observe the motion of their big bodies; conduct, however, more fool-hardy than discreet, for they were dreadfully galled by the Roman archers, and, finally, beaten back with dreadful slaughter. On other occasions, we find this practice of denuding themselves noticed. The Gael retained the same custom until almost the last century, the chief being the first to set the example. However creditable this was to their heroism, and however advantageous it might be in allowing a perfect freedom of action, the want of defen- sive armor must have, on many occasions, been severely felt. The peo- ple of the Low Country were, in this respect, superior to the Highland- ers, who, as the song says, " Had only got the belted plaid, While they were mail-clad men." Or as was observed of their scanty covering in a later age, " The Highland men are clever men, at handling sword or bow, But yet they are ower naked men, to bide the gun, I trow." However much the Celts may have valued themselves on their con tempt for armor, they were not ignorant of its utility, nor deficient in its fabrication. They were dexterous in the manufacture of military wea- pons, and careful, even to nicety, of their warlike accoutrements. Their greatest delight was in the excellence and beauty of their arms; the ancient Irish appearing, from Solinus, to have been remarkable for this attention to their appointments. To the Gauls the honor of inventing CHAIN MAIL appears due, which, from being at first made of leather, according to Varro,* acquired the name of Lorica. It is called, i


In heraldry, what term describes figures standing on either side of a shield as if upholding it and guarding it?

About the RHSC   [click for larger image] ONTARIO: On May 26, 1868, the year following Confederation,      Ontario was granted arms within the new Dominion of Canada. The supporters,      crest, and motto, designed by Toronto barrister Edward Marion Chadwick,      were added on Feb 27, 1909 by Royal Warrant from King Edward VII. The      shield of arms consists of three gold maple leaves on a green background,      above which is a wide white band with a red St. George's cross. The      crest is a black bear standing on a gold and green wreath. The supporters      are a moose and a deer at the sides of the shield. Below the shield      is a scroll with the Latin motto. The maple leaves on the shield are      of course the symbol of Canada. The cross of St. George recalls the      historic connection with Britain in Upper Canada and pays tribute to      the namesake of the monarch, George III, while the black bear, moose,      and deer are indigenous to Ontario. Heraldic Description Shield: Vert a sprig of three leaves of maple slipped Or, on      a chief Argent a Cross Gules Crest: Upon a wreath of the colours a bear passant Sable Supporters: On the dexter side a moose, and on the sinister      side, a Canadian deer, both proper Motto: UT INCEPIT FIDELIS SIC PERMANET - As Loyal it began,      so it remains [top of page] [click for larger image] QUEBEC: As a founding province in Confederation, Quebec was      granted arms on May 26, 1868 by Royal Warrant. Design changes were made      in 1939 by the Quebec government to achieve the current armorial bearings,      which include the royal crown and a motto. The shield of arms is divided      into three horizontal fields: the first bearing three fleurs-de-lis      on a blue background; the second a gold lion on a red background; and      the third, three green maple leaves on a gold background. The shield      is surmounted by the royal crown and accompanied underneath by a silver      scroll bearing the motto in blue letters. The fleurs-de-lis symbolize      the orgins of Quebec as New France. The gold lion originates from the      royal arms, and the maple leaves symbolize the new land of Canada in      which are joined the traditions of royalist France and Britain. The      motto was authored by E. Tache, who used it in the architectural design      of the Quebec Legislative Buildings. Heraldic Description Shield: Tierced in fess: Azure three fleurs-de-lis Or; Gules      a lion passant guardant Or armed and langued Azure; Or a sugar maple      sprig with three leaves Vert Crest: A Royal Crown proper Motto: JE ME SOUVIENS - I remember [top of page] [click for larger image] NOVA SCOTIA: The ancient arms of Nova Scotia were granted to      the Royal Province of Nova Scotia (New Scotland) in 1625 by King Charles      I in support of the first British colonial effort on the Canadian mainland.      The shield displays a blue saltire (St Andrew's cross) -- the emblem      of Scotland -- upon a white or silver background (this is the reverse      of its use in Scotland). On the cross is a small shield bearing the      Royal Arms of Scotland. The royal helm (in gold, with the bars facing      the viewer) indicates sovereignty over the new colony. Above it is the      crest: two joined hands, one armoured and the other bare, supporting      a spray of laurel for peace and a thistle for Scotland. On the left      of the shield is the royal unicorn of Scotland and on the right a 17th-century      representation of a North American Indian. Entwined with the thistle      of Scotland at the base is the mayflower, floral emblem of Nova Scotia      which was added on January 19th, 1929 by Royal Warrant. The motto is      placed on a scroll above the achievement of arms, as is done for many      Scottish grants. Heraldic Des


'The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq and Willem Van Ruytenburch' is the proper title of which Rembrandt painting?

The Night Watch, Rembrandt: Analysis, Meaning   The Painting So famous a picture, which in the past     has been almost as much abused as praised, has not surpringly triggered     an immense amount of analysis, only some of which can be discussed here.     Known for its colossal size (roughly 12 feet x 14 feet), the canvas -     when compared to earlier copies, like the version (c.1650) by Gerrit Lundens,     now in the National Gallery,     London - has obviously been trimmed, probably when it was moved to     the Town Hall in 1715. About 60 cm, incorporating two background figures     and a baby, have been removed from the left side, and lesser amounts from     the other three sides. This unbalances the composition (the arch in the     background was originally nearer the center) and compresses the figures     into too confined a space. In all twenty-six figures are now fully or     partially visible, including three children (or dwarves) and small parts     of five more figures can just be discerned in the background. To the right     of the arch there is a shield, added later, bearing the name of eighteen     of the persons portrayed. According to two of them, who gave evidence     on Rembrandt's behalf during the investigation into his financial affairs     in 1658, he was paid a total of 1,600 guilders - the sitters contributed     an average of 100 guilders each, the sum varying with their prominence     in the picture. Inaccurate Title At least since the cleaning of the picture     in 1946-7, it has been evident that the scene takes place in daylight,     with the sun streaming down from the top left. A further cleaning completed     in 1980 showed that the tones are predominantly cool. The traditional     title The Nightwatch which dates from the late 18th century, is     therefore incorrect but it would be absurdly pedantic to suggest changing     it now. Key Figures Demonstrating his mastery of sunlight and     shade, Rembrandt leads the eye to the three key characters among the ensemble     - the two officers in the centre (from whom the painting gets its original     title), and the small girl in the centre left background. Behind them     the company's colours are carried by the ensign, Jan Visscher Cornelissen.     The senior and central officer, Captain Franz Banning Cocq (1605-55),     is dressed in black with a red sash. His Lieutenant, Willem Van Ruytenburch,     is in pale yellow with a white sash, and carries a ceremonial lance. The girl to the left of and behind Banning     Cocq acts as a sort of pictorial mascot. She carries the guild's costly     drinking horn and, at her girdle, a dead fowl, the prominent claw of which     is an emblem of the Musketeers. This bird may also be intended as a pun     on the Captain's name. Other Subjects The man in front of the girl is wearing     a helmet with an oak leaf, another traditional emblem of the Musketeers     or Arquebusiers. Several figures are shown handling their weapons. One     pours powder down the barrel of his musket; another, to the right and     behind the Lieutenant, is attending to the priming pan; a third - the     small figure in a helmet directly behind Banning Cocq - appears to be     firing his musket into the air. Some characters are represented much more     distinctly than others, while the eighteen who subscribed are supplemented     by almost as many subordinate figures, included by Rembrandt for pictorial     effect. Adding these extra subjects also allowed him to make use of his     broad repertoire of figure drawing and other studies. A Militia Company Portrait Local militia companies were raised during     the 16th century during the Dutch war of Independence, to protect the     cities from invasion by the Spanish army active in Flanders. But by Rembrandt's     time they were no longer e