On 1 July 2001, who was the IBF Heavyweight Champion, WBC Heavyweight Champion, IBO Heavyweight Champion, USBA Heavyweight Champion, & IBF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion?

Lennox Lewis Vs Hasim Rahman I Wbc And Ibf Plus Ibo Heavyweight World Title Official Oversized Onsite Programme || Boxing Memorabilia || Champs UK "THE GREATEST" MUHAMMAD ALI Lennox Lewis vs Hasim Rahman I WBC And IBF Plus IBO Heavyweight World Title Official Oversized Onsite Programme Lennox Lewis vs Hasim Rahman I WBC, IBF and IBO heavyweight World title official oversized on-site 36 page programme, billed "Thunder In Africa", 22nd April 2001, Carnival City, Brakpan, Gauteng, South Africa. Condition excellent * Lewis was undertrained, having been involved in filming Ocean's Eleven. * Lewis was a 15-1 favourite entering the fight. * A right cross flush on the jaw sends Lewis to the canvas for the count. * Named The Ring magazine Upset of the Year and Knockout of the Year for 2001. Price: £ SOLD Please view shipping amounts or please contact us for any other enquiries. Shipping Amount:   £ Lennox Lewis vs Hasim Rahman KO 5 Lennox Claudius Lewis, CM, CBE (born 2 September 1965) is a retired undisputed World heavyweight champion. He holds dual British and Canadian citizenship. As an amateur he won gold representing Canada at the 1988 Olympic Games after defeating future heavyweight champion Riddick Bowe in the final. Lewis is regarded by many as one of the greatest heavyweight boxers of all time. Lewis turned professional in 1989, winning his first 21 fights before he knocked out Donovan Ruddock in 1992 to take over the number one position in the World Boxing Council (WBC) rankings. He was declared WBC heavyweight champion in December 1992 after Riddick Bowe was stripped of the title. Lewis lost the title to Oliver McCall in 1994 but defeated McCall in a rematch to win the vacant WBC title in 1997. He defended the title four times before becoming the Lineal Champion when he beat Shannon Briggs by knockout in 1998. He became undisputed champion when he defeated Evander Holyfield in November 1999. After defeating Mike Tyson by knockout in 2002 and stopping Vitali Klitschko in 2003, Lennox Lewis retired from boxing in 2004. Lewis is 6 feet 5 inches (196 centimetres) tall and has an 84-inch (213 cm) reach. During his boxing prime, he weighed about 245 pounds (111 kg). Lewis often referred to himself as "the pugilist specialist." Lewis is rated by BoxRec as the number one pound-for-pound best British boxer of all time. Early Life Lewis was born on 2 September 1965, in Stratford, London, England to Jamaican-born parents. At birth he weighed 10 pounds 10 ounces (4.8 kg), and was given the name Lennox by the doctor, who said he looked like a Lennox. Lewis moved to Kitchener, Ontario, Canada in 1977 at the age of 12. He attended Cameron Heights Collegiate Institute for high school, where he excelled in Canadian football, soccer and basketball. Amateur Career Lewis eventually decided that his favourite sport was boxing. He became a dominant amateur boxer and won the World amateur junior title in 1983. At the age of 18, Lewis represented Canada as a super heavyweight at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He advanced to the quarter-finals, where he lost a decision to American Tyrell Biggs, the eventual gold medallist. Lewis chose not to turn professional after the Olympics, and instead fought four more years as an amateur, hoping for a second chance to win a gold medal. At 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships, he lost in the preliminary round to Petar Stoymenov of Bulgaria. After winning several more amateur titles during those years, he travelled to Seoul, South Korea for the 1988 Summer Olympics and achieved his goal. In the gold medal match, Lewis defeated future World champion Riddick Bowe by a second round referee stopped contest (RSC). He was Canada's flag bearer at the Games' closing ceremony. Professional Boxing Career Having achieved his goal, Lewis declared himself a professional and moved back to his native England. He claimed he had always considered himself British, but many British fans regarded him as "a Canadian at heart and a Briton for convenience." He signed with boxing promoter Frank Maloney and his earl


"The names of how many US states begin with ""New""?"

How All 50 States Got Their Names | Mental Floss How All 50 States Got Their Names Like us on Facebook Alabama Before Europeans landed on American shores, the upper stretches of the Alabama River in present-day Alabama used to be the home lands of a Native American tribe called – drum roll, please – the Alabama (Albaamaha in their own tribal language). The river and the state both take their names from the tribe, that's clear enough, but the meaning of the name was another matter. Despite a wealth of recorded encounters with the tribe – Hernando de Soto was the first to make contact with them, followed by other Spanish, French and British explorers and settlers (who referred to the tribe, variously, as the Albama, Alebamon, Alibama, Alibamou, Alibamon, Alabamu, Allibamou, Alibamo and Alibamu) – there are no explanations of the name's meaning in the accounts of early explorers, so if the Europeans asked, they don't appear to have gotten an answer. An un-bylined article in the July 27, 1842 edition of the Jacksonville Republican put forth the idea that the word meant “here we rest.” Alexander Beaufort Meek, who served as the Attorney General of Alabama, Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury and the President of the First American Chess Congress, popularized this theory in his writings throughout the next decade. The rub, of course, is that experts in the Alabama language have never been able to find any evidence to support that translation. What they did find are two words in the Choctaw language (both tribes' languages are in the Muskogean language family), alba (“plants” or “weeds”) and amo (“to cut” or “to gather”), that together make Albaamo, or “plant gatherers.” We also know that the Alabama referred to a member of their tribe as an Albaamo, cleared land and practiced agriculture largely without tools and by hand and had contact with the neighboring Choctaws. Today, the prevailing theory is that the phrase was used by the Choctaws to describe their neighbors and the Alabama eventually adopted it as their own. Alaska Like Alabama (and, as we'll see, plenty of other state names), the name Alaska comes from the language of the area's indigenous people. The Aleuts (a name given to them by Russian fur traders in the mid 18th century; they used to, and sometimes still do, call themselves the Unangan), natives of the Aleutian Islands, referred to the Alaskan Peninsula and the mainland as alaxsxaq (ah-lock-shock), literally, “the object toward which the action of the sea is directed.” Arizona There are two sides in the argument over the origin of Arizona's name. One side says that the name comes from the Basque aritz onak (“good oak”) and was applied to the territory because the oak trees reminded the Basque settlers in the area of their homeland. The other side says that the name comes from the Spanish Arizonac, which was derived from the O'odham (the language of the native Pima people) word ali ?ona-g (“having a little spring”), which might refer to actual springs or a site near rich veins of silver discovered in 1736. For what it's worth, official Arizona state historian Marshall Trimble had supported the latter explanation but for now favors the former. Arkansas The first Europeans to arrive in the area of present-day Arkansas were French explorers accompanied by Illinois Indian guides. The Illinois referred to the Ugakhpa people native to the region as the Akansa (“wind people” or “people of the south wind”), which the French adopted and pronounced with an r. They added an s to the end for pluralization, and for some reason it stuck when the word was adopted as the state's name. The pronunciation of Arkansas was a matter of debate (Ar-ken-saw vs. Ar-kan-zes) until it was officially decided by an act of the state legislature in 1881. California California existed in European literature way before Europeans settled the Western U.S. It wasn't a state filled with vineyards and movie stars, but an island in the West Indies filled with gold and women. The fictional paradise, first mentioned in the early 1500s by Spanish au


Who wrote the text on which the musical Cats was based?

Who wrote the poems that the musical "Cats" is based upon? | Reference.com Who wrote the poems that the musical "Cats" is based upon? A: Quick Answer "Cats" is based on the poetry of T.S. Eliot, specifically his late and rather whimsical work titled "Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats." It tells the story of the annual gathering of Jellicle cats during which one cat is selected to go to the Heaviside layer, a metaphorical paradise.


What perennial herb with sweet pine and citrus flavours was known to the Greeks and Romans as a sign of happiness?

ThatsGreece.gr - Matzourana (Marjoram) Home » Greek Cuisine » Beverages » Infusions » Matzourana (Marjoram) Matzourana (Marjoram) Marjoram (Origanum majorana, Lamiaceae) is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavours. Marjoram is indigenous to the Mediterranean area, and was known to the Greeks and Romans as a symbol of happiness. Marjoram is cultivated for its aromatic leaves, either green or dry, for culinary purposes; the tops are cut as the plants begin to flower and are dried slowly in the shade. The plant's height is about 60 cm, the stem is square, and ramose. The leaves are small, however, furry, oval and have a characteristic beautiful lavender smell. The flowers are usually small and white. In Greece marjoram has been known since ancient times where it was used as medicine for gastric and intestinal discomfort. Now it is grown as an ornamental and aromatic plant in pots and gardens. The leaves are used as a spice, usually for meat and fish, but also as an infusion. From the leaves of the plant we can extract essential oils which are used as an antiseptic while they also have use in perfumery. When sipped as an infusion, it is sweetened usually with honey. This is made just like sage -by steeping sprigs of the dried herb in boiling water, covering the mixture and letting it stand for about 5 minutes. It must be strained to drink.


What was the name of the regular feature of the European motorsport calendar from 1927 to1957 that was held 24 times in Italy?

f1scalemodels main menu   About www.f1scalemodels.com Welcome to f1scalemodels. My name is Philip and this is my website (started in 2009) which is dedicated to the hobby of model car collecting. Apart from being a keen collector I'm also a part-time model car trader, trading primarily at several swap meetings and car events around the Sydney (Australia) area. This site is always being updated and improved (hopefully) and the main purpose is to provide an up-to-date listing of models that are available for purchase at swap meets that I will be attending. As you can imagine it would be impossible to have all my stock at any swap meet, so if there are any particular model(s) that you're interested in, please contact me and I'll make sure I bring them along to the next swap meet. This is an obligation-free service. Check out the link called  "Motorsport Gallery" where I've posted some motorsport related photos. These are some of the photos I've taken over the years at various events. Mail Order I've been asked a few times now if I do mail order; the answer is yes. So far I've posted to a number of interstate collectors and also to USA, UK, Estonia, Hungary, Portugal, Sweden, France and Italy. Australian collectors have a choice of payment options; Direct bank deposit, money order or Paypal. International collectors will need to pay via Paypal. Please contact me with the details of the models you're interested in and I will provide you with a firm quotation for postage. I only charge what Australia Post charges. Swap Meets I'm planning to attend the following swap meets and events in 2017; please go to the Swap Meets   link for dates and other details: Granville Model Car Swap Meet Collectormania Toy and Hobby Fair APCS Toy and Hobby Fair Shannons Eastern Creek Classic Email: info@f1scalemodels.com 2017 Poll - F1's Greatest Driver For 2017 I thought I'd run a poll which was inspired by a similar poll conducted by the Autosport Magazine in 2009 where 217 past and present F1 drivers were asked to nominate who they thought was the "greatest" driver in F1 history ( http://f1greatestdrivers.autosport.com/how/  ). I've limited my list to just 25 drivers and I apologize if I've left out your first choice from the list. Click on the link below to cast your vote and check back regularly to see the results. Thanks for voting.   http://vote.pollcode.com/68389623 Updates This website is updated regularly (at least once a month) with new additions and important or interesting information related to the hobby. All new and restocked items will be marked with an "R" in the stocklists so please check these lists regularly.  I hope you find these updates helpful. New Additions: January 2017 Welcome to the first update for the new year and I hope everyone had a safe and relaxing break. Over the holiday period I was able to add some interesting models to kick-start your collection for the new year.  Okay, let's get straight into this month's featured models. After making his name taming the Porsche 917 sports car, Rolf Stommelen entered Formula One with Brabham in 1970 as team mate to Jack Brabham. With sponsorship from the motoring magazine "Auto Motor und Sport" Stommelen achieved a fine third place in the Austrian GP in his rookie year. He participated in 63 F1 Grand Prix in a career spanning 8 years, achieving one podium and 14 championship points. In 1975 while driving an Embassy Hill-Ford, the rear wing broke sending him over the barrier and 5 spectators were killed by Stommelen's flying car. Stommelen also won the 24 Hours of Daytona 4 times in addition to winning the 1977 German DRM in a Porsche 935. Tragically Stommelen was killed during an IMSA Camel GT event at Riverside in April 1983 driving a Porsche 935. The Spark model of his Brabham is from his French GP where he finished seventh.  Spark S3509: Stommelen's 1970 Brabham BT33 The BMW M1 Procar Championship was a one-make racing series that pitted professional drivers from the F1 Championship, World Sportscar Championship, European Touring Car Championship and other international s


What is the name of the arts programme made for British television from 1978 that is identified with Melvyn Bragg?

Melvyn Bragg on the demise of The South Bank Show | TV | The Observer | Culture | The Guardian Share on Messenger Close When The South Bank Show first started back in 1978, the prime minister at the time was a former chancellor who had inherited the post without fighting an election, and a battle-weary Labour government was struggling through its last year in power. Abroad, there were student protests in Tehran, a leadership dispute in Afghanistan, and Pakistan, where a Bhutto had been sentenced to death, was in turmoil.  How times change, at least in television. In 1978 there were only three TV channels in Britain; of these, ITV, which screened TSBS, was the most-watched network in Europe. Nowadays there are hundreds of TV channels and ITV is waging a rearguard action against financial meltdown. Perhaps the most high-profile victim of ITV's belt-tightening is TSBS, which for four decades has managed the daunting feat of taking the arts and artists as seriously as they take themselves. In the process it has become a kind of venerable national institution with its jauntily beckoning signature tune, its careful profiles and, most of all, its guiding voice and presenter, Melvyn Bragg . Less than two years ago, Michael Grade, who commissioned the first showand is the current executive chairman of ITV, said of Bragg: "He's untouchable at ITV. His position here is more secure than mine as chairman." Yet earlier this year it was announced that the new series of TSBS would be the last. The top brass at ITV had presented Bragg with what was the fait accompli of a decimated budget. "They made an offer for this department that I couldn't accept," he says, in his new scaled-down office on the South Bank, demoted from a more lavish space on the top floor. "I talked to creative heads and it was undo-able in any possible way. And maybe that was the idea." It would be wrong to say that since the decision was made, Bragg has come round to the management's way of thinking. Instead he characterises the absurdity of the rationale trotted out by bosses in countless post-recession businesses as: "'We've lost millions of pounds: you have to go.' You wish there was a wonderful satire about this lot that wasn't just funny, it made people laughing stocks." Bragg will be 70 next month, but he possesses the vitality, appetite and, of course, hair of a much younger man. After all, TSBS is just one part of what must be the most expansive portfolio in, or out of, the arts. He is the author of 20 novels, 12 works of non-fiction and two children's books, as well as four screenplays. He is the presenter of In Our Time, the chasteningly intelligent Radio 4 programme that has helped transform popular understanding of the sciences. He's chair or president or governor of various campaigns, charities and universities. And he's also Baron Bragg, an active Labour peer in the Lords. It's not as if he's going to have a lot of spare time on his hands. Bragg insists that his protest is not about him. TSBS is ITV's flagship arts programme and its demise spells the end of designated arts coverage on the channel, and thus drastically reduces arts programming on terrestrial television. Still, as implausibly youthful as he looks, even he couldn't go on forever. One of TSBS's team of producer/directors, Susan Shaw, suggested not long ago that without Bragg TSBS would be a "hollow construct" and a "brand that no longer exists". Bragg disagrees. The show, he maintains, could have continued with someone else in charge. "They'd have done a different programme," he says. "Good. They might have changed the title music. Good." Good it may be but Shaw is right, it wouldn't be TSBS. The show is as inseparable from Bragg as Opportunity Knocks was from Hughie Green or Bayreuth from Wagner. In any case, it seems clear that ITV don't want a programme like TSBS, regardless of what it's called or who presents it.  "Peter Fincham [ITV's director of television]," says Bragg, "thinks asking people to go round and look at paintings in country houses is an arts programme, and it is. Fine. B


The Fandango originated in which country?

Spanish Dance and Music: Fandango Spanish Dance and Music Home Spanish Dance and Music Fandango Fandango The Fandango was developed in the 18th Century as a dance for couples. You can sing or dance the Fandango and it is normally accompanied by a guitar and either castanets or hand-clapping ('Palmas'). Fandango History This lively folkdance began life in Andalusia in Spain. The earliest known record of the melody used for the Fandango is in the 'Libro de diferentes cifras de guitarra' (Book of Different Guitar Melodies) in 1705. The dance itself was first documented by a Spanish priest in 1712. However, experts of the Fandango are in disagreement over the dance's true origins. On one side, the most prominent theory is that the Fandango evolved from the Andulusian dances such as the Malagueña or Murciana. Other says that the Fandango could be of a Moorish background whereas others believe that it could be derived from dances in Latin America and the West Indies. The Spanish dance made it to the stage in 1720, as part of the 'Entremés El novio de la aldeana' by Francisco de Leefadeal. This theatrical work was staged in the Spanish city of Seville. The Fandango was also incorporated into many classical music pieces by various composers. 'Les Trois Mains' by J.P.Rameau and 'Fandango Portugués' by Domenico Scarlatti are just a few examples. The increasing popularity of the Fandango meant that it became popular among the upper classes in Spain. Both the aristocracy in Spain and in Europe found the Fandango extremely fashionable at this time. The Bolero and the Fandango are similar in the fact that they have similar metres, hence adding to the theory that it was developed in Spain and not Latin America or the West Indies. Originally the Fandango was notated in 6/8 but later it came to be written in 3/8 and 3/4, the same as the Bolero. The Fandango music of the 18th Century is characterised by the lyrics which are made up of eight syllable lines, the use of castanets and the descending pattern of the chords (A minor - G - F - E). The singing in a Fandango follows a 'cante' structure and is often bipartite. It consists of four of five verses of eight syllable lines. Occasionally the first verse is repeated. The Fandango is a dance which expresses the passion of the dancers. The two dancers often taunt each other by following their steps or by using gestures. A Fandango between two men is often a kind of dance-off, a competition of the dancers' skills. In this version, the first dancer creates the rhythm and steps and the second dancer then uses that rhythm to perform a more elaborate dance. The word Fandango is therefore synonymous with 'a quarrel' or 'an argument'. As it was so popular, many variations of the Fandango began to spring up. The 'Fandangos grandes' or Big Fandangos were performed by couples and often started slowly and gradually increased in speed. The 'Fandanguillos' or Little Fandangos, in comparison, were much more lively and festive. Each region in Spain also developed their own style of the Fandango dance. It was not long before there was a Huelva, the version of the Fandango in the city of Huelva, and the Málaga, the version in the city of Malaga. The Fandango also has a counterpart in Portugal where it is considered to be one of the Portuguese's most important folk dances as well. Even Spanish colonies formed their own version of the Spanish dance. In the Philipines, which used to be a Spanish colony , the Fandango lives on in the Philipino dance 'Pandanggo sa ilaw' (or Fandango with lights). In this dance, the dancers don't use castanets but instead carry candles in glasses, which they occasionally swing around in the air. © Spanish Arts 2011


What was the name of the scheme approved by U S Congress in 1948 for the long term financing of the reconstruction of Europe following World War II?

United States of Europe United States of Europe Email This article first appeared in the April 10, 1989 print edition of The New American, providing seminal research that exposed the hidden agenda behind the developing European Economic Community. Not only did Mr. Jasper present crucially important information that was almost completely unknown at that time, even to generally well-informed Americans and Europeans, concerning the individuals and organizations pushing for European "integration," but he also accurately "projected the lines" — decades ahead of other analysts — presciently sounding the warning that false appeals to free market rhetoric were masking a plan for socialism and the destruction of personal liberty and national independence for the nations of Europe. With the White House and Congress now considering action on legislation for a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), to further entangle the United States with the European Union, this article from 24 years ago is more relevant than ever. — The Editor 1992. In the minds of most Americans, the year probably holds no significance beyond being another presidential election year, and the occasion of another Olympic Games. Increasingly though, Americans will begin to realize that fast-approaching year carries far greater political and economic significance. Readers of business publications and economic journals have already seen a surge of articles heralding 1992 as the year of the "European market," as a benchmark period during which a host of trade barriers and other restrictions among the 12 countries of the European Community, or Common Market, will come tumbling down. Nineteen ninety-two is the year that the Single European Act (SEA) goes into effect. That act, agreed to by the 12 member states in 1986, calls for the establishment of "an area without internal frontiers, in which the free movement of goods, persons, services, and capital is ensured." "With progress toward a single market, European industry will be able to achieve greater economies of scale," said Deputy Secretary of the Treasury M. Peter McPherson in an address to the Institute for International Economics in 1988. "The demands of competition will spur technological innovation and greater productivity. The program can help stimulate growth and employment, reduce consumer prices, and raise standards of living throughout Europe." McPherson added: "The force that will drive this transformation is opportunity -- the opportunity to compete in a larger and freer marketplace. European manufacturers today face a myriad of obstacles to trade with other member states, ranging from profound differences in regulatory and tax systems to varying national technical standards. For example, an electronics company in the Netherlands now has to meet 12 separate sets of technical standards to be able to sell throughout the Community." Free Market Rhetoric Dr. Ron Paul, the former Republican congressman from Texas and recent candidate for U.S. President on the Libertarian Party ticket, is one of those who sees that approaching milestone very differently. Long an ardent champion of free market economics, he warns that the movement toward European "union" and "integration" is a statist scheme cloaked in free-market rhetoric that is likely to "produce a monster." "International statists have long dreamed of a world currency and a world central bank," wrote Dr. Paul in the October 1988 issue of The Free Market, published by the Ludwig Von Mises Institute. "Now it looks as if their dream may come true." In his essay, "The Coming World Central Bank," Paul commented: European governments have targeted 1992 for abolishing individual European currencies and replacing them with the European Currency Unit, the Ecu. Next they plan to set up a European central bank. The next step is the merger of the Federal Reserve, the European central bank and the Bank of Japan into one world central bank.... The European central bank (ECB) will be modeled after the Federal Reserve. Like the Fed in 1913, it will have th


GRAND GLOBAL MERGER OF ALL BLACK MAGICK FORCES OCCURRED WHEN POPE PAUL VI BECAME POPE in 1963 Title: GRAND GLOBAL MERGER OF ALL BLACK MAGICK FORCES OCCURRED WHEN POPE PAUL VI BECAME POPE in 1963 Resources to aid your Understanding   DVD Subtitle: For two centuries, the Black Magick Illuminati sought to take over  the Vatican from within; in June, 1963, Pope Paul VI became the first Black  Magick Pope. Vatican Assassins details  the first major event to then occur: the assassination of President John F.  Kennedy The New World Order is coming! Are you ready? Once you understand what this New World Order really is, and how it is being gradually implemented, you will be able to see it progressing in your daily news!! Learn how to protect yourself, your loved ones! Stand by for insights so startling you will never look at the news the same way again. YOU ARE NOW ON THE CUTTING EDGE SETTING THE STAGE: "Windswept House: A Vatican Novel",  by Malachi Martin, "The Enthronement of the Fallen Archangel Lucifer, June  29, 1963. "The Enthronement of the Fallen  Archangel Lucifer was effected within the Roman Catholic Citadel  on June 29, 1963; a fitting date for the historic promise about to be fulfilled.  As the principal agents of this Ceremonial well knew, Satanist tradition had  long predicted that the Time of the Prince would be ushered in at the moment  when a Pope would take the name of the Apostle Paul. That requirement -- the  signal that the Availing Time had begun -- had been accomplished just eight  days before with the election of the latest Peter-in-the-Line." [P. 7;  Emphasis added] This Pope who would take the name of the Apostle Paul, was none  other than Pope Paul VI, who became Pope on June 21, 1963. Few people know that,  on that day, a grand merger of Satanic forces occurred that brought the Vatican  into full accord with the Masters of the Illuminati. You see, Satanists know  that the Traditional Roman Catholic Church has always been the most powerful  practitioner of White Magic Witchcraft in the world [Read NEWS1334 for full details], while the Masters of the Illuminati has been the most powerful  practitioner of Black Magick Witchcraft in the world since their founding on  May 1, 1776. As a result, the Vatican and the Masters of the Illuminati  had always been mortal enemies on the global stage. Was the world to be  united under a global government controlled by the White Magic Vatican or by  the Black Magick Illuminati? Vatican intrigue and subversion of governments  worldwide continually clashed with similar intrigue by the Black Magic Illuminati.  The conflict was the stuff of legends, the stuff of the CIA battling the KGB. In the early 1800's, the Illuminati decided to infiltrate the  Vatican from within, beginning with the infiltration of rogue priests within  seminaries, graduating to control of seminaries, then moving to control of the  College of Cardinals, and then finally, to control the Papacy itself. From the  beginning, they calculated they might need all of 200 years to accomplish this  goal. However, they knew they must control the Papacy with Black Magick, for  their Christ -- the Biblical Antichrist -- could not arise unless the occult  world was united under the Black banner. The Bible foretells that Antichrist  will practice Black Magick Witchcraft, in Daniel 8:23-25. Listen: "And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors  are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance,  and understanding dark sentences, shall  stand up. And his power shall be mighty, but not by his own power: and he shall  destroy wonderfully, and shall prosper, and practice, and shall destroy the  mighty and the holy people. And through his policy also he shall cause craft  to prosper in his hand." [Parallel Bible, KJV/Amplified Bible Commentary; Emphasis added] The words we have highlighted, above, are perfect descriptions  of a practitioner of Black Magick Witchcraft. A brief explanation is in order: Fierce Counte


Titan: Facts About Saturn's Largest Moon Titan: Facts About Saturn's Largest Moon By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | June 30, 2016 04:56pm ET MORE This view shows a close up of toward the south polar region of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, and show a depression within the moon's orange and blue haze layers near the south pole. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft snapped the image on Sept. 11, 2011 and it was released on Dec. 22. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute Titan is Saturn's largest moon and the second largest in the solar  system  (after Ganymede of Jupiter). It is the only moon in the solar system with clouds and a dense, planet-like atmosphere.  Scientists believe that  conditions on Titan are similar to Earth's early years  (the main difference is that, because it is closer to the sun, Earth has always been warmer). According to  NASA , "In many respects, Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is one of the most Earth-like worlds we have found to date." Titan stats Diameter: 3,200 miles (5,150 kilometers), about half the size of Earth and almost as large as Mars Surface temperature: minus 290 Fahrenheit (minus 179 degrees Celsius), which makes water as hard as rocks and allows methane to be found in its liquid form Surface pressure: Slightly higher than Earth's pressure. Earth's pressure at sea level is 1 bar while Titan's is 1.6 bars. Orbital period: 15,945 days NASA's Cassini spacecraft peers through the murk of Titan's thick atmosphere in this view, taken with Cassini's narrow-angle camera on Sept. 25, 2008. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute Other Titan facts Titan's name comes from Greek mythology. The Titans were elder gods who ruled the universe before the Olympians came to power, according to the  Theoi Project  website.  The moon was discovered by Dutch astronomer  Christiaan Huygens  in 1655. The Huygens lander probe sent to the moon aboard  NASA's Cassini spacecraft  by the European Space Agency is named in his honor. Huygens was the first human-built object to land on Titan's surface. [ Amazing Photos of Titan ] Titan's diameter is 50 percent larger than that of  Earth's moon . Titan is larger than the planet  Mercury  but is half the mass of the planet. Titan's mass is composed mainly of water in the form of ice and rocky material. Titan has no magnetic field. Atmosphere of Titan Titan is surrounded by an orange haze that kept its surface a mystery for Earth's scientists until the arrival of the Cassini mission.  Titan's atmosphere  extends about 370 miles high (about 600 kilometers), which makes it a lot higher than Earth's atmosphere. Because the atmosphere is so high, Titan was thought to be the largest moon in the solar system for a long time. It wasn't until 1980 that Voyager was close enough to discover it was actually smaller than Ganymede. Titan's atmosphere  is active and  complex , and it is mainly composed of nitrogen (95 percent) and methane (5 percent). Titan also has a presence of organic molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen, and that often include oxygen and other elements similar to what is found in Earth's atmosphere and that are essential for life.  There is an unsolved mystery surrounding Titan's atmosphere: Because methane is broken down by sunlight, scientists believe there is another source that replenishes what is lost. One potential source of methane is volcanic activity, but this has yet to be confirmed. Titan's atmosphere may escape to space in a similar way that Earth's atmosphere does . The Cassini spacecraft has detected polar winds that draw methane and nitrogen (charged with interactions with light) out along Saturn's magnetic field and out of the atmosphere. A similar process is believed to happen on Earth with our own magnetic field.  Magic Island There is an abundance of  methane lakes , which are mainly concentrated near its southern pole. In 2014, scientists found a transient feature they playfully referred to as " Magic Island ." It's possible that nitrogen bubbles formed in Titan's oceans sit on the surface  for a period of time, creating a tem


What 2003 mystery-detective novel by Dan Brown has been denounced as an attack on the Catholic Church and criticised for historical and scientific inaccuracy?

Dan Brown - The Da Vinci Code - Free eBooks Download free ebooks download Dan Brown - The Da Vinci Code Author: , Date: 04 Jul 2010, Views: Dan Brown - The Da Vinci Code - (AudioBook) Dan Brown | ISBN: 0739313126 | 2003 | MP3 | 332 mb The Da Vinci Code is a 2003 mystery-detective fiction novel written by American author Dan Brown. It follows symbologist Robert Langdon as he investigates a murder in Paris's Louvre Museum and discovers a battle between the Priory of Sion and Opus Dei over the possibility of Jesus Christ of Nazareth having been married to and fathering a child with Mary Magdalene. The novel has provoked a popular interest in speculation concerning the Holy Grail legend and Magdalene's role in the history of Christianity. The book has been extensively denounced by many Christian denominations as a dishonest attack on the Roman Catholic Church. It has also been criticized for its historical and scientific inaccuracy. The book is a worldwide bestseller that had 60.5 million copies in print by May 2006 and that has been translated into 44 languages. In 2006 a film adaptation was released by Sony's Columbia Pictures.


The Roman Coliseum was built under the direction of which Emperor?

Colosseum - Ancient History - HISTORY.com Google Origins of the Colosseum Even after the decadent Roman emperor Nero took his own life in A.D. 68, his misrule and excesses fueled a series of civil wars. No fewer than four emperors took the throne in the tumultuous year after Nero’s death; the fourth, Vespasian, would end up ruling for 10 years (A.D. 69-79). The Flavian emperors, as Vespasian and his sons Titus (79-81) and Domitian (81-96) were known, attempted to tone down the excesses of the Roman court, restore Senate authority and promote public welfare. Around 70-72, Vespasian returned to the Roman people the lush land near the center of the city, where Nero had built an enormous palace for himself after a great fire ripped through Rome in A.D. 64. On the site of that Golden Palace, he decreed, would be built a new amphitheater where the public could enjoy gladiatorial combats and other forms of entertainment. Did You Know? Archaeologists believe that the Colosseum contained both drinking fountains and latrines. After nearly a decade of construction–a relatively quick time period for a project of such a grand scale–Titus officially dedicated the Colosseum in A.D. 80 with a festival including 100 days of games. A well-loved ruler, Titus had earned his people’s devotion with his handling of recovery efforts after the infamous eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79, which destroyed the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii . The final stages of construction of the Colosseum were completed under the reign of Titus’ brother and successor, Domitian. The Colosseum: A Grand Amphitheater Measuring some 620 by 513 feet (190 by 155 meters), the Colosseum was the largest amphitheater in the Roman world. Unlike many earlier amphitheaters, which had been dug into hillsides to provide adequate support, the Colosseum was a freestanding structure made of stone and concrete. The distinctive exterior had three stories of arched entrances–a total of around 80–supported by semi-circular columns. Each story contained columns of a different order (or style): At the bottom were columns of the relatively simple Doric order, followed by Ionic and topped by the ornate Corinthian order. Located just near the main entrance to the Colosseum was the Arch of Constantine, built in A.D. 315 in honor of Constantine I’s victory over Maxentius at Pons Milvius. Inside, the Colosseum had seating for more than 50,000 spectators, who may have been arranged according to social ranking but were most likely packed into the space like sardines in a can (judging by evidence from the seating at other Roman amphitheaters). Awnings were unfurled from the top story in order to protect the audience from the hot Roman sun as they watched gladiatorial combats, hunts, wild animal fights and larger combats such as mock naval engagements (for which the arena was flooded with water) put on at great expense. The vast majority of the combatants who fought in front of Colosseum audiences in Ancient Rome were men (though there were some female gladiators). Gladiators were generally slaves, condemned criminals or prisoners of war. The Colosseum Over the Centuries The Colosseum saw some four centuries of active use, until the struggles of the Western Roman Empire and the gradual change in public tastes put an end to gladiatorial combats and other large public entertainments by the 6th century A.D. Even by that time, the arena had suffered damaged due to natural phenomena such as lightning and earthquakes. In the centuries to come, the Colosseum was abandoned completely, and used as a quarry for numerous building projects, including the cathedrals of St. Peter and St. John Lateran, the Palazzo Venezia and defense fortifications along the Tiber River. Beginning in the 18th century, however, various popes sought to conserve the arena as a sacred Christian site, though it is in fact uncertain whether early Christian martyrs met their fate in the Colosseum, as has been speculated. By the 20th century, a combination of weather, natural disasters, neglect and vandalism had destroyed nearly two-thi


In which year did George Bush succeed Ronald Reagan as US President, the US ratified the Berne convention on copyright, Time Inc and Warner Communications merged to form Time-Warner, and the Exxon Valdez spilled oil in Alaska?

CALENDAR - collected by p a pearson 0001 Start of revised Julian calendar in Rome 0293 Roman emperor Maximianus introduces tetrarchy 0743 Slave export by Christians to heathen areas prohibited 1260 Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, conquerors Damascus 1457 Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland; considered the 2nd oldest Protestant denomination 1565 City of Rio de Janeiro is founded 1587 English parliament leader Peter Wentworth confined in London Tower 1591 Pope Gregory XIV threatens to excommunicate French king Henri IV 1628 Writs are issued by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date 1642 Georgeana, MA (now known as York, ME) becomes the 1st incorporated US city 1692 Witch hunt begins Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony 1711 The Spectator begins publishing (London) 1780 Pennsylvania becomes 1st US state to abolish slavery (for new-borns only) 1781 Continental Congress adopts Articles of Confederation 1784 E Kidner opens 1st cooking school, in Great Britain 1785 Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture organized 1790 1st US census is authorized 1792 Presidential Succession Act passed 1809 Embargo Act of 1807 repealed and Non-Intercourse Act signed 1810 Georgetown College was chartered in Washington, DC, making it the 1st Roman Catholic institution of higher learning in the US 1836 Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, TX, to deliberate independence from Mexico 1845 President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the US to annex the Republic of Texas 1847 Michigan becomes 1st English-speaking jurisdiction to abolish the death penalty (except for treason against the state) 1854 SS City of Glasgow leaves Liverpool harbor and is never seen again 1859 Present seal of San Francisco adopted (its 2nd) 1864 Louis Ducos du Hauron patents movie machine (never built) 1864 1st black woman to receive a medical degree, Rebecca Lee (US) 1867 Howard University, Washington, DC, chartered 1869 Postage stamps showing scenes are issued for 1st time 1873 Remington and Sons in Ilion, NY, start production of the 1st practical typewriter 1873 Henry Comstock discovers the Comstock Lode in Virginia City, NV 1875 Congress passes Civil Rights Act; invalidated by Supreme Court, 1883 1879 Library of Hawaii founded 1890 1st US edition of Sherlock Holmes (A Study in Scarlet) publisher J B Lippincott Co 1893 Diplomatic Appropriation Act, authorizes the US rank of ambassador 1896 Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity 1912 Albert Berry makes the 1st parachute jump from a moving airplane 1912 1st US woman detective Isabella Goodwin, appointed in New York City 1913 1st state law requiring bonding of officers and state employees (North Dakota) 1913 Federal income tax takes effect (16th amendment) 1928 Paul Whiteman & his orchestraestra record Ol' Man River for Victor Records 1932 Son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped 1936 Hoover Dam is completed 1937 1st permanent automobile license plates issued (Connecticut) 1937 US Steel raises workers' wages to $5 a day 1941 Captain America appears in a comic book 1941 1st US commercial FM radio station goes on the air (W47NV, Nashville, TN) 1941 1st NFL commisioner Elmer Layden 1949 Ripley's Believe It Or Not! debuts on television 1953 Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke; dies 4 days later 1961 President John Kennedy asks for an Alliance for Progress and Peace Corps 1968 NBC's unprecedented on-air announcement, Star Trek will return 1968 Singers Johnny Cash (36) and June Carter (38) wed 1968 Vatican City's Apostolic Constitution of 1967 goes into effect 1969 Sergeant Pepper drops off the charts after 88 weeks 1969 Jim Morrison arrested for exposing himself at Dinner Key Auditorium 1969 New York Yankees Mickey Mantle announces his retirement from baseball 1970 End of US commercial whale hunting 1973 Honda Civic introduced 1974 7 Presidential aides are indicted for their role in the Watergate bre


"According to Lewis Carroll's ""Jabberwocky"", what were ""all mimsy""?"

Jabberwocky JABBERWOCKY Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There , 1872) `Twas brillig, and the slithy toves   Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves,   And the mome raths outgrabe. "Beware the Jabberwock, my son!   The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun   The frumious Bandersnatch!" He took his vorpal sword in hand:   Long time the manxome foe he sought -- So rested he by the Tumtum tree,   And stood awhile in thought. And, as in uffish thought he stood,   The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame, Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,   And burbled as it came! One, two! One, two! And through and through   The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! He left it dead, and with its head   He went galumphing back. "And, has thou slain the Jabberwock?   Come to my arms, my beamish boy! O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!'   He chortled in his joy. `Twas brillig, and the slithy toves   Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves,   And the mome raths outgrabe.


Which US state borders another country, and no other US state?

The Ten Most Unusual International Borders By Matt Rosenberg Updated August 31, 2015. Every country (except those which are island countries) borders another country and the resulting borders can be somewhat unusual or interesting. I've selected the ten most unusual borders in the world for your geographical amusement. Enjoy! 1. Angle Inlet In far southeastern Manitoba, Canada lies an inlet of the Lake of the Woods that is part of the United States. Also known as the Northwest Angle, this exclave of the United States, considered part of Minnesota, can only be reached from Minnesota by traveling over the Lake of Woods or by traveling through Manitoba or Ontario. More from Wikipedia. 2. Azerbaijan-Armenia Between the Azerbaijan and Armenia border, there are a combined total of four exclaves or islands of territory that lie in the opposite country. The largest exclave is Azerbaijan's Naxcivan exclave, a not insignificant piece of territory located within Armenia. Three tiny exclaves also exist - two additional Azerbaijan exclaves in northeastern Armenia and one Armenian exclave in northwestern Azerbaijan. continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States See this detailed map of Azerbaijan for the exclaves along the border. 3. United Arab Emirates-Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates-Oman The boundary between the United Arab Emirates and its two neighboring countries, Oman and Saudi Arabia are not clear. The boundary with Saudi Arabia, defined in the 1970s, has not been publicly announced so cartographers and officials draw the line at their best estimate. The border with Oman is not defined. Nonetheless, these boundaries lie within a fairly inhospitable desert so boundary demarcation is not an urgent issue at this time. 4. China-Pakistan-India (Kashmir) The Kashmir region where India, Pakistan, and China meet in the Karakoram Range is incredibly complex. This map illuminates some of the confusion but for a sense of the disputes, you can see Wikipedia's article on the topic. 5. Namibia's Caprivi Strip Northeastern Namibia has a panhandle that extends far east several hundred miles and separating Botswana from Zambia. The Caprivi Strip provides Namibia access to the Zambezi River near the Victoria Falls. The Caprivi Strip is named for German Chancellor Leo von Caprivi, who made the panhandle part of German South-West Africa to provide Germany access to Africa's eastern coast. 6. India-Bangladesh-Nepal Less than twenty miles (30 kilometers) separate Bangladesh from Nepal, "squeezing" India so that far eastern India is almost an exclave. Of course, prior to 1947, Bangladesh was part of British India and thus this border situation did not exist until the independence of Indian and Pakistan (Bangladesh was initially part of independent Pakistan ). 7. Bolivia In 1825, Bolivia gained independence and its territory included the Atacama and thus access to the Pacific Ocean. However, in its war with Peru against Chile in War of the Pacific (1879-83), Bolivia lost its oceanic access and unfortunately became a landlocked country. 8. Alaska-Canada Southeastern Alaska contains a peninsula of rocky and icy islands, known as the Alexander Archipelago, that cuts Canada's Yukon Territory as well as northern British Columbia off from the Pacific Ocean. This territory is Alaskan, and thus part of the United States, due to Russian colonization in this area in the nineteenth century. 9. Territorial Claims on Antarctica Seven countries claim pie-shaped wedges of Antarctica . While no nation can modify their territorial clam nor can any nation act upon their claim, these straight boundaries that typically lead from 60 degrees south to the South Pole divide up the continent, overlapping in some instances but also leaving significant segments of the continent unclaimed (and unclaimable, according to the principles of the Antarctic Treaty of 1959). This detailed map shows the boundaries of the competing claims. 10. The Gambia The Gambia lies entirely within Senegal. The river-shaped country was started when British merchants


Who was largely responsible for the development of the jet engine, seeing the first application of his engine installed in a Gloster aircraft in 1941?

1/19/2017 • Aviation History , Mag: Aviation History Personalities Animation by Steve Karp The engine that today powers most commercial airliners and military aircraft traces its origins to a 1930 patent filed by a young RAF officer Captain Monty Burton shut down the engines of British Airways Concorde G-BOAD at Dulles International Airport, outside Washington, D.C., and addressed the passengers: “We have covered the 3,900 miles from London to Washington in 3 hours 37 minutes, an average speed of well over 1,000 miles per hour and a maximum of 1,340. Today we had the great honor of carrying Sir Frank Whittle, who made all this possible.” Whittle can justifiably be called the “father of the jet.” He was the first to build and run a turbojet aero engine. His 1930 patent application set down the fundamental design for a true turbojet light enough and with sufficient thrust to power an aircraft, and he pioneered features found in engines built 80 years later. From a working-class family, he entered the Royal Air Force in 1923 the hard way, as an apprentice in a program that trained mechanics to service and repair airplanes. Except for a tiny few it promised a Spartan life under rigid discipline. But by virtue of his outstanding ability and hard work, in 1926 Whittle was one of only five apprentices, out of more than 600 in his class, selected to train as an officer at the RAF College in Cranwell. Cadet training emphasized aeronautical engineering, and Whittle’s 1928 term thesis, “Future Developments in Aircraft Design,” predicted a rapid increase in speed, but noted that to achieve this aircraft would need to travel at high altitude to take advantage of reduced air resistance. However, piston en gines and propellers lose efficiency with increasing height, and there would inevi tably be a limit to both speed and altitude without a totally new kind of propulsive power. Only one-fifth of the fuel energy in a piston engine propels the aircraft, the rest going to cooling and mechanical losses. In contrast, wrote Whittle, “the turbine is the most efficient prime mover known, so it is possible that it will be developed for aircraft….” It would convert most of the heat energy into propulsive force in the same way as a rocket, by the kinetic energy of hot gases escaping at high speed from the tailpipe. The engine would essentially be a duct containing a single moving part: a shaft with a compressor at one end driven by a turbine at the other, itself powered by the energy from fuel burned in a combustion chamber between them. With none of the piston engine’s reciprocating parts, rotational speed and power output could be increased exponentially, and so long as there was even rarified air for the engine to breathe, altitude and speed would increase in quantum leaps. The faster and higher the aircraft went, the better a jet engine would work. “At the time I was working on this thesis the maximum speed of RAF fighters was less than 150 mph and the service ceiling about 20,000 feet,” Whittle said. “I was thinking in terms of a speed of 500 mph in the stratosphere.” And that would just be the beginning. His thesis was the product of five grueling years in the workshops and study halls as an apprentice and flight cadet, while simultaneously training as a pilot. His tutor at Cranwell, O.S. Sinatt, said, “I couldn’t quite follow everything you have written, Whittle, but I can’t find anything wrong with it,” and awarded him the maximum grade. Whittle graduated in 1928, just missing the Sword of Honor as top cadet but receiving the Memorial Prize for Aeronautical Sciences, having excelled in every area except contact sports, due to his diminutive size—he was barely 5 feet tall. The only negative note in his evaluation: “Over confidence. He gives aerobatics too much value. Inclined to perform to the gallery and flies too low.” Wearing his new pilot’s wings, Whittle set out on his motorcycle to report to No. 111 (Fighter) Squadron at Hornchurch. “An ancient car driven by an ancient and deaf man shot out of a side road and I struck him amidships,”


Who commanded No. 11 Group RAF, responsible for the fighter defence of London and southeast England, which took the brunt of the German air attacks in the Battle of Britain?

Air Vice Marshal Keith Park (Character) - Biography biography The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. Warning! This character biography may contain plot spoilers. Visit our Character Biography Help to learn more. Character Biography History Discuss Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Rodney Park GCB, KBE, MC & Bar, DFC, RAF (15 June 1892 6 February 1975) was a New Zealand soldier, First World War flying ace and Second World War Royal Air Force commander. He was in tactical command during two of the most significant air battles in the European theatre in the Second World War, the Battle of Britain and the Battle of Malta. In Germany, he was known as "the Defender of London. Early life and army career. Park was born in Thames, New Zealand. He was the son of a Scottish geologist for a mining company. An undistinguished young man, but keen on guns and riding, Keith Park was educated at King's College, Auckland until 1906 and then at Otago Boys' High School, Dunedin where he served in the cadets. Later he joined the Army as a Territorial soldier in the New Zealand Field Artillery. In 1911, at age 19, he went to sea as a purser aboard collier and passenger steamships, earning the family nickname skipper. When the First World War broke out, Park left the ships and joined his artillery battalion. As a non-commissioned officer he participated in the landings at Gallipoli in April 1915, going ashore at Anzac Cove. In the trench warfare that followed Park's achievements were recognised and in July 1915 he gained a commission as second lieutenant. He commanded an artillery battalion during the August 1915 attack on Suvla Bay and endured more months of squalor in the trenches. At this time he took the unusual decision to transfer from the New Zealand Army to the British Army, joining the Royal Horse and Field Artillery. Park was evacuated from Gallipoli in January 1916. The battle had left its mark on him both physically and mentally, though, later on in life, he would remember it with nostalgia. He particularly admired the ANZAC commander, Sir William Birdwood, whose leadership style and attention to detail would be a model for Park in his later career. After the hardship at Gallipoli, Park's battalion was shipped to France to take part in the Battle of the Somme. Here he learned the value of aerial reconnaissance, noting the manner in which German aircraft were able to spot Allied artillery for counter-fire and getting an early taste of flight by being taken aloft to check his battalion's camouflage. On 21 October 1916, Park was blown off his horse by a German shell. Wounded, he was evacuated to England and medically certified "unfit for active service," which technically meant he was unfit to ride a horse. After a brief remission recovering from his wounds, recuperating and doing training duties at Woolwich Depot, he joined the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) in December 1916. Flying career First World War. In the RFC Park first learned to instruct and then learned to fly. After a spell as an instructor (March 1917 to the end of June) he was posted to France and managed a posting to join 48 Squadron, at La Bellevue (near Arras), on 7 July 1917. Within a week the squadron moved to Frontier Aerodrome just east of Dunkirk. Park flew the new Bristol Fighter (a two-seat biplane fighter and reconnaissance aircraft) and soon achieved successes against German fighters, earning, on 17 August, the Military Cross for shooting down two "out of control" and damaging a fourth enemy during one sortie. He was promoted to temporary captain on 11 September. After a break from flying he returned to France as a major to command 48 Squadron. Here he showed his ability as a tough but fair commander, showing discipline, leadership and an understanding of the technical aspects of air warfare. By the end of the war the strain of command had all but exhausted Park, but he had achieved much as a pilot and commander. He had earned a bar to his Military Cross, the Distinguished Flying Cross and the French Croix de


What were first introduced in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in May 1, 1840, promoted by Rowland Hill?

Culture of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos Culture of the United Kingdom NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE Part of a series on the Culture of the United Kingdom e The Proms is a nine-week summer season of daily classical music concerts, culminating with a final night of traditional patriotic music The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power , its predominantly Christian religious life , and its composition of four countries — England , Northern Ireland , Scotland and Wales —each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture. The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology, producing world-leading scientists (e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions. Sport is an important part of British culture; numerous sports originated in the country, including football . The UK has been described as a "cultural superpower", [1] [2] and London has been described as a world cultural capital. [3] [4] [5] The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK, had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world. As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries, including Australia, Canada, India, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations. These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain's closest allies. [6] [7] In turn the empire also influenced British culture, particularly British cuisine . [8] The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness. Contents First spoken in early medieval England , the English language is the de facto official language of the UK, and is spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the British population . [9] [note 1] Individual countries within the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their indigenous languages. In Wales, all pupils at state schools must either be taught through the medium of Welsh or study it as an additional language until age 16, and the Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh and English languages should be treated equally in the public sector, so far as is reasonable and practicable. Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned translations. The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act , passed by the Scottish Parliament in 2005, recognised Gaelic as an official language of Scotland, commanding equal respect with English, and required the creation of a national plan for Gaelic to provide strategic direction for the development of the Gaelic language. [note 2] There is also a campaign under way to recognise Scots as a language in Scotland, though this remains controversial. The Cornish language enjoys neither official recognition nor promotion by the state in Cornwall . Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages , the UK Government has committed to the promotion of certain linguistic traditions. The United Kingdom has ratified the charter for: Welsh (in Wales), Scottish Gaelic and Scots (in Scotland), Cornish (in Cornwall), and Irish and Ulster Scots (in Northern Ireland). British Sign Language is also a recognised language. Ozzy Osbourne is known for his Brummie accent Owing to its long history, dialects and regional accents vary amongst the four countries of the United Kingdom , as well as within the countries themselves


What was the title of Walt Disney's first full length animated feature, released in 1937?

Walt Disney Animation Studios THE HISTORY OF DISNEY ANIMATION In 1937, the Walt Disney Studios released its first fully animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and pioneered a new form of family entertainment. More than seven decades later, Walt Disney Animation Studios continues to honor its heritage through animated films that combine beautiful artistry, masterful storytelling and ground-breaking technology. CLICK TO ENTER San Fransokyo, the fictional metropolis in which the film is set, is actually based on a caricature of property data collected from maps obtained from San Francisco's Assessor-Recorder's office. Three times as complex as any setting from previous Disney animated films, San Fransokyo features 83,000 buildings, 216,000 street lights, and hundreds of thousands of residents. The setting is so large, in fact, that the environments from all three of Disney's previous animated films (Tangled, Wreck-It Ralph and Frozen) can fit into the city of San Fransokyo. BH6 clocked 199,000,000 render hours. By comparison, Tangled clocked 11,500,000 render hours, Wreck-It Ralph clocked 21,900,000 render hours, and Frozen clocked 62,800,000 render hours. Director Patrick Osborne had been shooting one-second videos of his meals for a couple months when he noticed patterns forming — his life reflected in the food he ate. "I wanted to tell a story through the different meals a person eats," says Osborne. "I was interested in how the food alone could reveal that someone's life situation has changed. There's something cool about that." In order to capture the look of production designer Jeff Turley's concept art, the filmmakers developed new techniques, including a way to break up the edges of shapes on screen. "Jeff used certain paper textures throughout his artwork that made the edges feel less harsh," says director Patrick Osborne. "It looks like ripped paper—but it's challenging to do it in 3D animation because the texture doesn't automatically move with the shape." Filmmakers invited a real-life reindeer into the Walt Disney Animation Studios, observing the animal's physical makeup and mannerisms, which were later caricatured in the making of Kristoff's reindeer buddy Sven. The reindeer showcased an unexpected technique for taking care of an itch on his ear: he used his back legs—like a dog might do. Sven later adopted the technique. The character of Kristoff was largely influenced by the Sami people, who are indigenous to parts of northern Norway. The Sami are known for herding reindeer, which may explain why Kristoff's best buddy is a reindeer named Sven. Filmmakers visited a Sami-owned reindeer husbandry business in Roros, Norway. "I loved the idea of making a Mickey film that felt like a newly discovered 1928 short," says director Lauren MacMullan. "I decided not to have Mickey talk much, because he didn't in those early shorts. We used Walt's voice initially as scratch, but it sounded so perfect. It put us right in that era. Our assistant editor Danya Joseph started to hunt within existing Walt recordings for lines that would fit our story needs, and we were able to tailor our dialogue to reflect what we had." To create new model sheets for each of the characters, 2D animator Eric Goldberg studied the early Mickey films and pulled frame grabs to find the poses he liked best. For each model sheet he created, he would give the character what he called "a uniform Ub Iwerks pass," and make sure that they looked authentic to the 1928 period. As the CG rigs and models began to take shape, Goldberg played a key supervisory role, doing draw-overs to help achieve the look that director Lauren MacMullan wanted. In order to visually identify the three unique video game worlds that the movie primarily takes place in, Art Directors Mike Gabriel and Ian Gooding created a unique shape language for Fix-It Felix Jr., Hero's Duty, and Sugar Rush. Fix-It Felix Jr. was comprised of squares, Hero's Duty was constructed with triangles, and Sugar Rush was inspired by circular shapes. The filmmaking team used different anim


Which Apollo mission brought the first rocks and other material from the Moon?

Apollo 11 Mission Apollo 11 Mission Mission Overview The mission plan of Apollo 11 was to land two men on the lunar surface and return them safely to Earth. The launch took place at Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A on July 16, 1969, at 08:32 a.m. EST. The spaccraft carried a crew of three: Mission Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. The mission evaluation concluded that all mission tasks were completed satisfactorily. Landing Site The first manned spacecraft landing on the Moon was at 3:17 p.m. EST (20:17:40 UTC) on July 20, 1969, when the Apollo 11 Lunar Module, the Eagle, landed in Mare Tranquillitatis, located at 0°4'5"N latitude, 23°42'28"E longitude. The Eagle landed approximately 50 kilometers from the closest highland material and approximately 400 meters west of a sharp-rimmed blocky crater about 180 meters in diameter. Surface Operations The Apollo 11 astronauts had several tasks to accomplish during extravehicular activity (EVA) operations while on the surface. Time permitting, the astronauts planned to collect lunar samples, deploy several experiments, and examine and photograph the lunar surface. The following map of the landing area shows where these activities took place. The EVA lasted approximately 2.5 hours. All scientific activities were completed satisfactorily, all instruments were deployed, and samples were collected. Mission Photography Apollo 11 represented the first opportunity to observe scientific phenomena on the lunar surface. Both the surface and orbital photography of the mission served not only to document the first lunar landing and the extravehicular activities of the astronauts, but also to identify areas and experiments for study in future missions.


Which law enforcement agency was established in 1908 as a branch of the U S Department of Justice?

Agencies | DOJ | Department of Justice Antitrust Division Antitrust Division The mission of the Antitrust Division is to promote competition in the U.S. economy through enforcement of, improvements to, and education about antitrust laws and principles. Asset Forfeiture Program Asset Forfeiture Program The primary mission of the Department of Justice Asset Forfeiture Program is to employ asset forfeiture powers in a manner that enhances public safety and security. This is accomplished by removing the proceeds of crime and other assets relied upon by criminals and their associates to perpetuate their criminal activity against our society. Asset forfeiture has the power to disrupt or dismantle criminal organizations that would continue to function if we only convicted and incarcerated specific individuals. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives The mission of ATF is to conduct criminal investigations, regulate the firearms and explosives industries, and assist other law enforcement agencies. This work is undertaken to prevent terrorism, reduce violent crime, and protect the public in a manner that is faithful to the Constitution and the laws of the United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance Bureau of Justice Assistance BJA supports law enforcement, courts, corrections, treatment, victim services, technology, and prevention initiatives that strengthen the nation’s criminal justice system. BJA provides leadership, services, and funding to America’s communities by emphasizing local control, building relationships in the field, providing training and technical assistance in support of efforts to prevent crime, drug abuse, and violence at the national, state, and local levels, developing collaborations and partnerships, promoting capacity building through planning, streamlining the administration of grants, and other initiatives. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bureau of Justice Statistics The mission of BJS is to collect, analyze, publish, and disseminate information on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government. These data are critical to Federal, State, and local policymakers in combating crime and ensuring that justice is both efficient and evenhanded. Civil Division Civil Division The Civil Division represents the United States in any civil or criminal matter within its scope of responsibility – protecting the United States Treasury, ensuring that the federal government speaks with one voice in its view of the law, preserving the intent of Congress, and advancing the credibility of the government before the courts. Civil Rights Division Civil Rights Division The Division enforces the Civil Rights Acts; the Voting Rights Act; the Equal Credit Opportunity Act; the Americans with Disabilities Act; the National Voter Registration Act; the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act; the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act; and additional civil rights provisions contained in other laws and regulations. These laws prohibit discrimination in education, employment, credit, housing, public accommodations and facilities, voting, and certain federally funded and conducted programs. Community Oriented Policing Services - COPS Community Oriented Policing Services - COPS The primary activity of the COPS Office is the awarding of competitive, discretionary grants directly to law enforcement agencies across the United States and its territories. The programs and initiatives developed by the COPS Office have provided almost $9 billion in funding to more than 13,000 law enforcement agencies. By funding over 13,000 of the nation’s 18,000 law enforcement agencies, the COPS Office has helped create a community policing infrastructure across the nation. Approximately 86 percent of the nation’s population is served by law enforcement agencies practicing community policing. Community Relations Service Community Relations Service The Community Relations Service (CRS) serves as “America's Peac


"What game is set in a mansion where players attempt to solve a murder, the solution requiring the components of ""Suspect"", ""Weapon"", and ""Room""?"

Cluedo Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index Cluedo Cluedo® (Clue® in North America ) is a murder mystery board game originally published by Waddington's games, UK in 1948 . It was devised by a solicitor's clerk from Birmingham, Anthony Pratt. It is now published by the US game and toy company Hasbro , which acquired American board game company Parker Brothers , which originally manufactured the game. Table of contents 9 External Links Overview The game is set in an English country mansion, with the board divided into different rooms. The players each represent a character who is a guest staying at this house, whose owner, Dr. Black, has been found murdered (Mr. Boddy in North American version). Players take on the role of suspects and attempt to solve a murder. The solution to the murder contains the three components of Suspect, Weapon and Room. Game Contents A game board, representing the location of the murder Six colored game pieces, representing the suspects Weapon pieces, representing possible weapons used Cards, containing depictions of game elements (weapons, suspects or rooms) The Spanners (The Wrench in NA version) The Candlestick In North America, the game is known as Clue. Possibly it was retitled because the traditional game Ludo , on which the name is based, was less well known there. There are also localised versions for Japan and China . Expressions such as "Colonel Mustard, in the Billiard Room, with the Candlestick" have entered popular culture , in much the same way as "hotel on Boardwalk" from Monopoly . Legacy There is a comedy film based on the game, as well as several interactive video versions. In the US film version, the person murdered was Mr. Boddy. The film, which featured different endings released to different theaters, failed at the box office but has attracted a "cult following". Hasbro created some spin-off versions of the game, such as Clue Jr and Simpsons Clue. A series of 18 humorous children's books were published in the United States by Scholastic between 1992 and 1997 based on the Clue concept and created by A.E. Parker (possibly of Parker Brothers ). The books featured the US Clue characters in short, comedic vignettes and asked the reader to follow along and solve a crime at the end of each. The tenth and final vignette would always be the murder of Mr. Boddy. A similar series of books featuring the Clue Jr characters was also published. Criticisms of the Game Critics cite that Cluedo is effectively a logic game, much like Mastermind . A board game with gameplay which more closely simulates detective work is the Sherlock Holmes -themed 221B Baker Street.


What orchestral string instrument has a deeper tone than a violin, and higher than a cello?

Viola vs Violin - Difference and Comparison | Diffen Viola vs. Violin Violas are larger than violins and have a deeper, mellower sound. They are both orchestral string instruments that originated in Italy and are played with a bow. The violin is also called a fiddle when used to play folk music. Comparison chart Viola versus Violin comparison chart Viola A D G C. Thicker strings. E A D G. Synthetic preferred over steel core. Clef Alto clef; Treble clef used for higher notes in order to avoid excessive ledger lines Treble clef Bigger than a violin; greater width and length compared with a violin A bit smaller than the viola in width and length. What is it? 4 (or 5) Stringed bowed instrument Sound Deeper and mellower than violin Higher pitched compared with a viola. Playing style With the bow (can also be used to play folk, classical, etc) Folk, classical, jazz , country More arched for cleaner single noting. About 4 (or 5) stringed bowed instrument Other names French: violon; German: Geige; Turkish: keman Contents: Viola vs Violin 10 References Size There is no standard size for a viola. The body of a viola is typically between 38cm and 43cm long. A standard violin has a body that is 35.5cm long. However, violin bows are around 1 cm longer than viola bows. Sound Violas are the second highest pitched instruments in the string family. A viola’s typical sound is described as deep and mellow, and it generally has a slower sound than the violin due to its thicker strings. Violins are the highest pitched instruments in the string family. Their sound carries above other instruments, making them popular for melody parts. Tuning and Strings Viola strings are normally tuned to C3, G3, D4 and A4. A viola is tuned exactly one fifth below the violin. The viola has a range of over 3 and a half octaves, depending on the talent of the player. Violin strings are turned to G3, D4, A4 and E5. Its pitch ranges from G3 to C8, the highest note on a modern piano. However, the top notes are often produced by harmonics, and so the E two octaves above the open E-string (E7) can be considered the practical highest note for orchestral parts. Clef Music for the viola is written in alto clef, which uses the C clef. The alto clef is rarely used by other instruments. Music for the violin is written in treble clef. Technique As violas are larger than violins, they require a slightly different technique, including different fingering. The viola has heavier strings and a heavier bow, and so the player must lean more intensely on the strings. Violins are plays with the left side of the jaw resting on the chinrest, with the violin supported by the left shoulder. The left hand presses the strings to produce pitch and the right hand either bows or plucks the strings to create the sound. Viola player Clare Finnimore has this to say about the difference in technique ( watch the video ): I think that the good thing about the viola for me is that you have got both. You have got the high registers which are equally sweet, it doesn’t go as high as a violin but it is equally as sweet, and the lower registers which are really sonorous and rich, like the cello. Obviously not with the same quality of the cello, but it has a quality of its own, definitely. It is difficult to explain how the technique changes when you go from a violin to a viola but I think that when lots of violinists first pick up the viola, (plays) The bow stroke is much lighter on the violin. With the viola you need … (plays) it’s a firmer sort of bow hold, obviously the space between the notes is bigger, the neck is thicker, so all those things, you just have to sort of enlarge everything a little bit. The bow is longer, it is heavier. Maybe you have to space your fingers out a little bit more on the bow in order to produce a sound. This is all very general, I think the most difficult thing is going back the other way if you play the viola and then you go back to playing the violin it can sound terribly sort of scratchy and shaky because your movements are too heavy and not delicate enough. Use in m


"What U K TV series about a father and son, rag and bone men, was the basis for the U S TV series ""Sandford and Son""?"

Steptoe and Son (TV Series 1962–2016) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Classic 1960s British comedy series about a middle aged man and his elderly father who run an unsuccessful 'rag and bone' business (collecting and selling junk). Harold (the son) wants to ... See full summary  » Stars: Albert has done his back in and the doctor orders bed-rest since it's not serious enough to warrant hospital admission. Harold is run ragged, climbing up and down the stairs to wait on him and ... 9.3 Harold wants to re-decorate but cannot agree on a colour scheme with his father so they agree to put a partition down the living room and have their own space on either side. There is even a ... 9.2 It's a cold winter day and the Steptoes are reduced to putting pfennigs in the meter. They are visited by two escaped convicts, elderly Frank and the younger Johnny. When Johnny denounces Frank as ... 9.2 a list of 42 titles created 19 Feb 2012 a list of 22 titles created 03 Jul 2014 a list of 23 titles created 31 Jul 2014 a list of 45 titles created 05 Jul 2015 a list of 34 titles created 10 Aug 2015 Title: Steptoe and Son (1962–2016) 7.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Albert Steptoe and his son Harold are junk dealers, complete with horse and cart to tour the neighbourhood. They also live amicably together at the junk yard. But Harold, who likes the ... See full summary  » Director: Cliff Owen Popular sitcom set in a seedy bedsit lorded over by the mean, vain, boastful, cowardly landlord Rigsby. In each episode, his conceits are debunked by his long suffering tenants. Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Don Warrington, Frances de la Tour The prison life of Fletcher, a criminal serving a five-year sentence, as he strives to bide his time, keep his record clean, and refuses to be ground down by the prison system. Stars: Ronnie Barker, Brian Wilde, Fulton Mackay Accident-prone Frank Spencer fails to navigate the simplest tasks of daily life, while also trying to look after his wife and baby. Stars: Michael Crawford, Michele Dotrice, Jessica Forte Arkwright is a tight-fisted shop owner in Doncaster, who will stop at nothing to keep his profits high and his overheads low, even if this means harassing his nephew Granville. Arkwright's ... See full summary  » Stars: Ronnie Barker, David Jason, Lynda Baron A working-class Cockney bigot with a biased and expirienced opinion of everything shares them bluntly and almost carelessly. Stars: Warren Mitchell, Anthony Booth, Una Stubbs Terry and Bob from The Likely Lads (1964) continue their life after Terry arrives home from serving in the Army to discover that Bob is about to marry his girlfriend Thelma. Can Thelma lead... See full summary  » Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Brigit Forsyth Long running BBC comedy show consisting of sketches and humourous musical routines involving the large Ronnie Barker and the small Ronnie Corbett. Most sketches involved both men, but ... See full summary  » Stars: Ronnie Barker, Ronnie Corbett, The Fred Tomlinson Singers Albert Steptoe and his son Harold are junk dealers, complete with horse and cart to tour the neighbourhood. They also live amicably together at the junk yard. Always on the lookout for ways... See full summary  » Director: Peter Sykes Victor Meldrew is a retiree who attracts bad luck. If he's not driving his long suffering wife Margeret crazy with his constant moaning, he's fighting with neighbors. Stars: Richard Wilson, Annette Crosbie, Doreen Mantle The adventures of two "likely lads" ostensibly set in the North East of England (but filmed in Willesden Junction, London). Terry and Bob have been friends since childhood. Bob is the ... See full summary  » Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Don McKillop During WW2, in a fictional British seaside town, a


Who was the first black woman, second African American, and the second woman to serve as U S Secretary of State?

Famous Firsts by African Americans (Inventors, Government, Law, Literature, Film)   Famous Firsts by African Americans The first African-American billionaire, combat pilot, Nobel Prize winner, poet laureate, Oscar winner, and Miss America by Borgna Brunner Local elected official: John Mercer Langston , 1855, town clerk of Brownhelm Township, Ohio. State elected official: Alexander Lucius Twilight, 1836, the Vermont legislature. Mayor of major city: Carl Stokes , Cleveland, Ohio, 1967–1971. The first black woman to serve as a mayor of a major U.S. city was Sharon Pratt Dixon Kelly, Washington, DC, 1991–1995. Governor (appointed): P.B.S. Pinchback served as governor of Louisiana from Dec. 9, 1872–Jan. 13, 1873, during impeachment proceedings against the elected governor. Governor (elected): L. Douglas Wilder , Virginia, 1990–1994. The only other elected black governor has been Deval Patrick, Massachusetts, 2007– U.S. Representative: Joseph Rainey became a Congressman from South Carolina in 1870 and was reelected four more times. The first black female U.S. Representative was Shirley Chisholm ,  Congresswoman from New York, 1969–1983. U.S. Senator: Hiram Revels became Senator from Mississippi from Feb. 25, 1870, to March 4, 1871, during Reconstruction. Edward Brooke became the first African-American Senator since Reconstruction, 1966–1979. Carol Mosely Braun became the first black woman Senator serving from 1992–1998 for the state of Illinois. (There have only been a total of five black senators in U.S. history: the remaining two are Blanche K. Bruce [1875–1881] and Barack Obama (2005–2008). U.S. cabinet member: Robert C. Weaver ,  1966–1968, Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development under Lyndon Johnson; the first black female cabinet minister was Patricia Harris , 1977, Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development under Jimmy Carter. U.S. Secretary of State: Gen. Colin Powell , 2001–2004. The first black female Secretary of State was Condoleezza Rice , 2005–2009. Major Party Nominee for President: Sen. Barack Obama , 2008. The Democratic Party selected him as its presidential nominee. U.S. President: Sen. Barack Obama . Obama defeated Sen. John McCain in the general election on November 4, 2008, and was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States on January 20, 2009. U.S. First Lady: Michelle Obama became the nation's first black First Lady when her husband, Barack Obama, defeated Sen. John McCain in the general election on November 4, 2008. First African-American Republican woman to serve in the House: Ludmya Bourdeau "Mia" Love won her race in Utah in the 2014 midterm elections. African-American Firsts: Law Editor, Harvard Law Review: Charles Hamilton Houston , 1919. Barack Obama became the first President of the Harvard Law Review. Federal Judge: William Henry Hastie ,  1946; Constance Baker Motley became the first black woman federal judge, 1966. U.S. Supreme Court Justice: Thurgood Marshall , 1967–1991. Clarence Thomas became the second African American to serve on the Court in 1991. African-American Firsts: Diplomacy U.S. diplomat: Ebenezer D. Bassett, 1869, became minister-resident to Haiti; Patricia Harris became the first black female ambassador (1965; Luxembourg). U.S. Representative to the UN: Andrew Young (1977–1979). Nobel Peace Prize winner: Ralph J. Bunche received the prize in 1950 for mediating the Arab-Israeli truce. Martin Luther King, Jr., became the second African-American Peace Prize winner in 1964. (See King's Nobel acceptance speech .) African-American Firsts: Military Combat pilot: Georgia-born Eugene Jacques Bullard , 1917, denied entry into the U.S. Army Air Corps because of his race, served throughout World War I in the French Flying Corps. He received the Legion of Honor, France's highest honor, among many other decorations. First Congressional Medal of Honor winner: Sgt. William H. Carney for bravery during the Civil War. He received his Congressional Medal of Honor in 1900. General: Benjamin O. Davis , Sr., 1940–1948. Chairman


Which group of people took control of Carthage in 439 AD?

World History 400-500AD Windmills In Persia , Romans leave Britain , Rome Sacked by Visigoths, Cathrage Captured By Vandals , First Saxon Revolt, Attila The Hun Defeated, Saxons Crush Britons, Vandals Sack Rome, Western Roman Empire Ends, Shah Defeated By Ephthalites, Roman Occupation Of Gaul Ends, Ostrogothic Kingdom Of Italy 400 AD Windmills Used In Persia-The Fifth Syrian War ended at the Battle of Banyais, between Antiochus II (King of the Seleucid Empire) and Ptolemy V of Egypt. The Egyptians were decisively defeated by Antiochus' forces, and were forced to cede all their territory -- with the exception of the Sinai Desert -- to the Seleucids. 407 AD Romans Withdraw From Britain- In 407 A.D., Constantine led his troops on a withdrawal from Britain. Roman troops never returned to Britain. 410 AD Rome Sacked by Visigoths- After a series of battles that continued sporadically for over ten years, the Visigoths under the command of Alaric, sacked Rome in August 410 A.D. For twelve days, Alaric and his men rained ruin upon the city. 439 AD Cathrage Captured By Vandals - The Roman city of Carthage was captured by Vandals, under the command of Genseric. Carthage became his capital. 441 AD First Saxon Revolt- The first Saxon revolt against native Britons took place in 441 A.D. It was led by two brothers, Hengst and Horsa. 451 AD Attila The Hun Defeated- Attila the Hun was leader of the Huns and it was he who had earlier defeated the Visigoths. Attila commanded an army that is said to have numbered as many as half a million men. Attila swept through Gaul. In 451 A.D., Attila faced the Visigoths and Romans together in the battle of Chalons. Attila was defeated in this battle, and forced to withdraw. He went on to invade Italy but was convinced to withdraw by Pope Leo. He died in 453 A.D. 455 AD Saxons Crush Britons- At the battle of Aylesford in Kent, England, the Saxons led by Hengst and Horsa defeated the Britons. This battle was an important step in the Saxon conquest of Britain. 455 AD Vandals Sack Rome- The Vandals viewed the assassination of the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III as an opportunity to attack Rome. Their attack was successful and the city was sacked. 476 AD Western Roman Empire Ends- The Western Roman Empire came to an end when the Emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed by German mercenaries at Ravenna. The German mercenaries then declared themselves to be the rulers of Italy. 483 AD Shah Defeated By Ephthalites- Firuz, the Shah of Iran, was defeated by the Ephthalites (from the site of present-day Afghanistan). Firuz attacked the Ephthalites after a series of inconclusive skirmishes with them. 486 AD Roman Occupation Of Gaul Ends- The last Roman emperor of France was defeated by Clovis I, King of the Salian Franks. After the defeat of the Romans, Clovis established the Kingdom of the Franks. 488 AD Ostrogothic Kingdom Of Italy- Theodoric I (the Great) invaded northern Italy at the request of Zeno the Byzantine Emperor. He conquered Italy and established the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy.   About American history and world history can be found at historycental- History's home on the web. Explore our complete time lines of major events in American history as well as World History. Research our special sections on diverse subjects ranging from presidential elections to naval history. Whatever aspect of history you wish learn about, you will find it at Historycentral.com Facebook


What wine originated in the Spanish town of Jerez de la Fontera?

Sherry wine tour to Jerez de la Frontera from Seville Day 1 Jerez de la Frontera The distinctive wine in Jerez has been exported for centuries, it was even praised by Shakespeare. It is distinctive because the strong sun gives the grapes a high sugar content. British merchants have been involved in the wine trade here for centuries, producing and shipping a fortified wine known as sherry. Meet your Private English-Speaking Driver and Guide in your accommodation in Sevilla. Drive to Jerez de la frontera (90km approx) and enjoy two a visit and tasting in sherry wineries. To complete teh day we have prepared for you a guided stroll around the city centre of jerez adn a Tapas Lunch. Return to Seville at 1630 aproximately Sherry Wineries visited depending on availability: Tio Pepe winery , Alvaro Domecq , Bodegas Terry , Bodegas Osborne - Inclusions - Private transportation during the whole journey. English speaker driver Guided visit at two wineries and wine tasting Tapas lunch including wine The wine tour does not include Tips or personal expenses Any concept not included in the previous itinerary Notes and cancellation Policy


Which city was the site of the dervish rebellion and the death of the British General Gordon in 1885?

Charles George Gordon | British general | Britannica.com Charles George Gordon Evelyn Baring, 1st earl of Cromer Charles George Gordon, byname Chinese Gordon (born Jan. 28, 1833, Woolwich , near London , Eng.—died Jan. 26, 1885, Khartoum, Sudan ), British general who became a national hero for his exploits in China and his ill-fated defense of Khartoum against the Mahdists . Charles George Gordon, portrait by Lady Julia Abercromby; in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Courtesy of The National Portrait Gallery, London Gordon, the son of an artillery officer, was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers in 1852. During the Crimean War (1853–56) he distinguished himself by his reckless bravery in the siege trenches outside Sevastopol . He was promoted to captain in 1859 and volunteered the following year to join the British forces that were fighting the Chinese in the “ Arrow ” War. He was present at the occupation of Beijing (October 1860) and personally directed the burning of the Chinese emperor’s summer palace. In May 1862 Gordon’s corps of engineers was assigned to strengthen the bulwarks of the European trading centre of Shanghai, which was threatened by the insurgents of the Taiping Rebellion . A year later he became commander of the 3,500-man peasant force, known as the “ Ever-Victorious Army ,” raised to defend the city. During the next 18 months Gordon’s troops played an important, though not a crucial, role in suppressing the Taiping uprising. He returned in January 1865 to England , where an enthusiastic public had already dubbed him “Chinese Gordon.” For the next five years he was commander of the Royal Engineers at Gravesend , Kent; he spent his spare time developing his own unorthodox, mystical brand of Christianity and engaging in philanthropic activity among poor youths.


"What theory, developed by Franz Joseph Gall, in which personality traits were determined by ""reading"" bumps and fissures in the skull, was once considered a science?"

Phrenology Lab - Treatment Options - Student 5 Class Practice Site - Stanford Medicine   This is a sample document – for demonstration purposes only. Phrenology (from Greek: phren, “mind”; and logos, “knowledge”) is a defunct field of study, once considered a science, in which the personality traits of a person were determined by “reading” bumps and fissures in the skull. Developed by German physician Franz Joseph Gall around 1800,[citation needed] the discipline was very popular in the 19th century. It was originally developed in 1796.[1] In 1843, François Magendie referred to phrenology as “a pseudo-science of the present day.”[2] Phrenological thinking was, however, influential in 19th-century psychiatry and modern neuroscience. [3] Phrenology is based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules (see modularity of mind).[4] Phrenologists believed that the mind has a set of different mental faculties, with each particular faculty represented in a different area of the brain. These areas were said to be proportional to a person's propensities, and the importance of the given mental faculty. It was believed that the cranial bone conformed in order to accommodate the different sizes of these particular areas of the brain in different individuals, so that a person's capacity for a given personality trait could be determined simply by measuring the area of the skull that overlies the corresponding area of the brain. In the history of personality theory, phrenology is considered to be an advance over the old medical theory of the four humours. However, it has no predictive power and is therefore dismissed as quackery by modern scientific discourse. Phrenology, which focuses on personality and character, should be distinguished from craniometry, which is the study of skull size, weight and shape, and physiognomy, the study of facial features. However, these disciplines have claimed the ability to predict personality traits or intelligence (in fields such as anthropology/ethnology). Related Archaic Medical Theories Good health results when four basic  substances, humors, are in balance Ancient Greeks through early 19th century   What’s Hot in Phrenology?   The attempt to locate faculties of personality within the head can be compared to the attempt of philosopher Aristotle of ancient Greece to localize anger in the liver. However, the first attempts to scientifically measure skull shape and its alleged relation to character were performed by the German physician Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828), who is considered the founding father of phrenology. Gall was one of the first to consider the brain to be the source of all mental activity.   In 1809 Gall began writing his greatest [5] work “The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and of the Brain in Particular, with Observations upon the possibility of ascertaining the several Intellectual and Moral Dispositions of Man and Animal, by the configuration of their Heads.” It was not published until 1819. In the introduction to this main work, Gall makes this statement in regard to his doctrinal principles, which comprise the intellectual foundation of phrenology:   That moral and intellectual faculties are innate That their exercise or manifestation depends on organization That the brain is the organ of all the propensities, sentiments and faculties That the brain is composed of as many particular organs as there are propensities, sentiments and faculties which differ essentially from each other. That the form of the head or cranium represents the form of the brain, and thus reflects the relative development of the brain organs. Through careful observation and extensive experimentation, Gall believed he had linked aspects of character, called faculties, to precise organs in the brain. Gall's most important collaborator was Johann Spurzheim (1776-1832), who successfully disseminated phrenology in the United Kingdom and the United States.