The trophy for which event, presented since 1936, has a bas-relief sculpture of the likeness of each winning driver, along with the driver's name, date of victory and average speed?

Borg-Warner Trophy | Spike's Trophies Blog Spike's Trophies Blog Home Borg-Warner Trophy The Borg-Warner Trophy has been presented in the winner’s circle after every Indianapolis 500 race since 1936.  The very large famous trophy is a multi-tiered award which contains the bas-relief (3-D) sculpture of the likeness of each driver who has won the race since its inception in 1911.  Along with the sculpted winning driver’s image is the driver’s name, date of victory, and average speed.  This information is alternated with the faces in a checkerboard pattern. Included on the base is the gold likeness of Tony Hulman, owner of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway from 1945-1977.  The trophy design includes wings of victory “handles” on each side of the trophy to symbolize speed.  On the top of the trophy is a man waving a checkered flag. Because this man is depicted naked, after the tradition of ancient Greek athletes, the trophy is most often photographed so that the man’s arm is swooping down in front of him. The Borg-Warner trophy is made of sterling silver and is just less than 5 feet, 4 inches tall, weighing nearly 153 pounds. The original trophy was designed to display images of the faces of 80 Indy 500 winners.  The base from the original has been expanded in order to hold additional winners. This was done most recently in 2004 when space was added to accommodate all winners through the 2034 race. The actual trophy is not given to the winner; it remains at the Hall of Fame Museum at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.  Since 1988, the winner receives an 18-inch (460 mm) tall replica of the trophy, called a “Baby Borg” at a cost exceeding $30,000, during the preparations for the following year’s race. Prior to 1988, winners received a 24-inch upright model of the trophy mounted on a walnut plaque.  During the race, the trophy is displayed trackside.  When the winner pulls into Victory Lane, the trophy is placed on the rear of the car behind the driver.  This tradition dates back to 1911, when Ray Harroun won the race with an average speed of 74.602 miles per hour.  The unique tradition, of handing the winner a bottle of milk at race end, along with the trophy presentation, continues today.  In 1935, U.S. automotive supplier, the BorgWarner Automotive Company, commissioned designer Robert J. Hill to create the Borg-Warner Trophy at a cost of $10,000.  The trophy was refurbished in 1991 and again in 2004 to create space for additional winners.  Today the trophy is valued in excess of $1.5 million dollars! Unveiled at a 1936 dinner hosted by then-Speedway owner Eddie Rickenbacker, the trophy was officially declared the annual prize for Indianapolis 500 victors. Louis Meyer, was that year’s champion and its first recipient. Prior to the inaugural 1936 Borg-Warner Trophy was the Wheeler-Schebler Trophy, which was awarded from 1911 through 1935.  The trophy was named after Frank Wheeler, one of the Speedway’s four original founders, and George Schebler, one of the two partners in a carburetor company that merged into a group that formed BorgWarner in 1928.  The founding organizations were Borg & Beck, Warner Gear, Marvel-Schebler and Mechanics Universal Joint. The Borg-Warner Indianapolis 500 Trophy is synonymous with top performances, speed and leading-edge automotive technology.   Some Memorable moments: The trophy has had quite a history.  The Indy track historian has noted a particular story where a Butler University student was given the trophy to watch in the 1930s before race day.  The young frat student hid the trophy under his bed one night and proceeded to have a night out. Upon his return to his fraternity house, the man found the trophy missing. Frantically looking for the “lost” trophy, he went looking in the frat house’s basement.  He found the trophy surrounded by his frat brothers drinking beer out of it. 115 beers were inside the trophy. After emptying the beer, the smell of beer stayed with the trophy.  To solve this problem prior to the race, he decided to take a shower – taking the trophy in with him! For over forty


What is the Scottish name for All Saints Day, a Christian ceremony grafted onto an ancient pagan ceremony?

Christian Ideas - Bad News About Christianity     Christianity accepted as given a metaphysical              system derived from several already existing and mutually              incompatible systems. Aldous Huxley (1894-1964), Grey              Eminence   If we look for possible origins of concepts that we are accustomed          to regard as characteristically Christian, we do not need to          look far. Jesus and his disciples were all followers of the          Jewish faith, so it is not surprising that the early Church          drew heavily upon Judaism. The idea of one sacrifice serving          to save many is characteristically Jewish. (Jesus seen as an agnus dei  a sacrificial lamb of God  is          adapted from the story of the Passover where lamb's blood is          used to save believers.) Jesus and his followers had worshipped          in the Jewish Temple and attended synagogues. When Pauline Christianity          subsequently evolved separate church buildings, these buildings          were partially modelled on synagogues. The style and content          of church services are based on Jewish ones: the reading of          the holy scriptures interspersed with interpretation, psalms          and prayers. Methods of prayer are Jewish methods. The use of          chanting and singing are Jewish, and even Jewish words like Alleluia and Amen are retained, untranslated          from the Hebrew. Christians adopted Jewish scripture, calling          it the Old Testament. The practice of baptism is Jewish * ,          so is the use of holy water. The bread and wine of the Christian          Eucharist replicate the bread and wine of a Jewish Passover          meal, which is of course exactly what the Last Supper was. The Jews had never believed in the immortality of the soul.          There is no hint of it in the Mosaic laws, which promise rewards          and threaten punishments only for this life, not for the next          one. These ideas came to Judaism from the Hellenic world, where          people had developed theories of the soul. To the Stoic philosophers          for example the soul (logos) was the part of the body          responsible for the senses, the power of speech, reproductive          capacity, and reason. For other Greek philosophers it was the psyche. Although material, the soul (logos or psyche) survived the death of the rest of the body.          Such ideas met opposition from Jewish traditionalists. Of the          sects that had arisen by the time of Jesus, the Sadducees held          firmly to the traditional line, while the Pharisees entertained          the notions of an immortal soul, which would be rewarded or          punished in the hereafter. This was a popular belief that became          predominant in Judaism and was carried over to early Christianity.          So too, in the century or two before Jesus, strong apocalyptic          beliefs had developed within Judaism. Jewish literature from          this time abounds in predictions about the imminence of the          end of the world. Greek Gods Onto its Jewish base Christianity built a structure that would          appeal to the civilised world. In practice this meant that the          new composite religion had to adopt an Hellenic appearance. Religions          in the classical world were a great deal more sophisticated          than modern tales of Greek and Roman myths would have us believe.          For one thing the Greek philosophers had long believed that          there was but one deity, and that the numerous gods worshipped          throughout the


What treaty was signed in Paris in 1815 after the overthrow of Napoleon, whereby Alexander I of Russia, Francis II of Austria and Frederick William II of Prussia agreed to apply Christian principles to the government of their countries?

history of Russia | Britannica.com History of Russia THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Statistical map of Napoleon’s Russian campaign of 1812 The size of Napoleon’s army is shown by the dwindling width of the lines of advance (green) and retreat (gold). The retreat information is correlated with a temperature scale shown along the lower portion of the map. Published by Charles Minard in 1869. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Kievan Rus in the 11th century. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Partitions of Poland, 1772–95. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Russian penetration of western Central Asia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Belarusian Pres. Alyaksandr Lukashenka (centre) hosting a meeting between Russian Pres. Vladimir Putin (left) and Ukrainian Pres. Petro Poroshenko (right) in Minsk, Belarus, in an effort to end the fighting in eastern Ukraine, August 26, 2014. Alexander Zemlianichenko/AP Images Russian troops in the trenches at the East Prussian frontier. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Unidentified soldiers accompanied by Russian military vehicles patrolling Sevastopol, Ukraine, on March 1, 2014, a few weeks before Russia annexed Crimea and the city. Andrew Lubimov/AP Images Overview of Catherine II’s early life and reign. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz “Helsinki Bombed,” newsreel showing the Russian bombing of the capital of Finland, 1939. Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library Overview of tsarist rule in Russia. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Learn about this topic in these articles:   in Russia: Prehistory and the rise of the Rus Indo-European, Ural-Altaic, and diverse other peoples have occupied what is now the territory of Russia since the 2nd millennium bce, but little is known about their ethnic identity, institutions, and activities. In ancient times, Greek and Iranian settlements appeared in the southernmost portions of what is now Ukraine. Trading empires of that era seem to have known and exploited the... in Arctic: Early Russian exploration By the end of the 16th century, the Russians had established a commercial route via the Arctic to the fur-trading centre of Mangazeya on the Taz River in western Siberia. From the mouth of the Northern (Severnaya) Dvina River, the route ran coastwise, through Yugorsky Shar Strait to the west coast of Yamal; to avoid the difficult ice conditions farther north, the shallow-drafted vessels crossed... in Georgia: Turkish and Persian domination ...In 1510 the Ottomans invaded Imereti and sacked the capital, Kʿutʿaisi. Soon afterward, Shah Ismāʿīl I of Iran (Persia) invaded Kartli. Ivan IV (the Terrible) and other Muscovite tsars showed interest in the little Christian kingdoms of Georgia, but the Russians were powerless to stop the Muslim powers—Ṣavafid Iran and the Ottoman Empire, both near... in Livonia (historical region, Europe) When Russia invaded the area (beginning the Livonian War, 1558–83) in an effort to prevent Poland-Lithuania from gaining dominance over it, the Livonian Knights were unable to defend themselves. They disbanded their order and dismembered Livonia (Union of Wilno, 1561). Lithuania incorporated the knights’ territory north of the Western Dvina River ( i.e., Livonia proper); Courland,... in Livonian War (1558–83), prolonged military conflict, during which Russia unsuccessfully fought Poland, Lithuania, and Sweden for control of greater Livonia—the area including Estonia, Livonia, Courland, and the island of Oesel—which was ruled by the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Knights (Order of the Brothers of the Sword). in manorialism: Central and eastern Europe ...best way to ensure labour services for grain-growing demesnes. So by the 16th century manorialism had been re-created on a large scale in eastern Europe, particularly in eastern Germany, Poland, and Russia. These reactionary manorial developments were not reversed in eastern Europe until the 19th century in most cases. in Ottoman Empire: Military defeats and the emergence of the Eastern Question,


"What was the first film made especially as a musical comedy, which included the songs ""The Wedding of the Painted Doll"" and ""You Were Made For Me"", by Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed?"

Musicals - Dance Films Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Examples Musicals    / Dance Films are     cinematic forms that emphasize and showcase full-scale song and dance routines     in a significant way (usually with a musical or dance performance as part     of the film narrative, or as an unrealistic "eruption" within the     film). Or they are films that are centered on combinations of music, dance,     song or choreography. In traditional musicals, cast members are ones who sing.     Musicals highlight various musical artists or dancing stars, with lyrics that     support the story line, often with an alternative, escapist vision of reality     - a search for love, success, wealth, and popularity. This genre has been     considered the most escapist of all major film genres. Tremendous film     choreography and orchestration often enhances musical numbers. See this site's extensive compilation of the Greatest Musical Song/Dance Movie Moments      and Scenes (illustrated) Introduction: With the coming of talking motion pictures, the musical film     genre emerged from its roots: stage musicals and operettas, revues, cabaret, musical comedy, music     halls and vaudeville. They were the last of the major film genres,     because they were dependent on sound captured on film. (How could a movie     be "all-singing, all-dancing" without sound?) Musicals are often described     as Broadway on film, although many other forms of musicals have been made     (e.g., rock 'n' roll movies and disco/dance films). Recently, animated films     (with musical soundtracks, such as Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin      (1992), The Lion King (1994), and Tarzan (1999)) have emerged     as one of the major musical forms, and many of them have won Best Original     Song Oscars. The Earliest Examples of Sound/Dance Films: One of the earliest films with a famous dance sequence was The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921), noted for Latin lover Rudolph     Valentino's sensuous tango performed in a smoky cantina while dressed in an     Argentine gaucho costume. In 1926, Warner Bros. had produced Don Juan (1926),     the first full-length silent film released with a complete musical     score synchronized on a 78 rpm Vitaphone soundtrack (with sound effects and an original score). The groundbreaking film cleverly synchronized     canned sound effects and dubbed music to the action. Warner Brothers' Experiments with Sound: Warner Bros. had launched sound and talking pictures, with     Bell Telephone Laboratory researchers, by developing a revolutionary synchronized     sound system called Vitaphone. It was a short-lived system sound-on-disk process developed in 1925 that became obsolete by 1931. This sound-on-disk     process allowed sound to be recorded on a 16" phonograph record (a fragile disk made of wax) that     was electronically linked and synchronized with the film projector. Each disc     corresponded to one reel of film, or about ten minutes. The process was first     used for short one- and two-reel films, mostly comedies and vaudeville acts. The Jazz Singer (1927): A Landmark Film With     the coming of the talkies, the film musical genre naturally emerged with the first full-length, revolutionary 'talkie' (with speech and song) that     premiered in New York City at the Warner Theatre on October 6, 1927. It was     a "musical" of sorts - Warner Bros.' The Jazz Singer      (1927) . Contrary to popular belief, it was not the first sound     feature film, since it was mostly silent, and it was not the first     Hollywood musical (The Broadway Melody (1929) holds that honor). It     was also not the first instance of sound-on-film. In reality, the landmark part-talkie singing film was an old-fashioned melodrama about Jewish-bred 'jazz     singer' Jakie Rabinowitz/Jake Robin (charismatic Broadway mega-star


What sport is played in an area that can vary between 20 x 10 and 30 x 20 metres, with 7 players in play at any one time per side playing for around 8 minutes for each of four periods?

Guildelines for Developing Public Recreation Facility Standards In a school or church One location per 5,000 Baseball field A neighbourhood facility where interest warrants; at least one or more in each municipality should be lighted One location per 5,000 Best in a school; often in a church One location per 5,000 Centre, neighbourhood May be a small building in a neighbourhood park; preferably part of the elementary school; a meeting area plus space for a change area for outdoor skating or swimming One location per 5,000 Part of a community centre or in a school One location per 5,000 Usually combined with a school One per school Preferable in conjunction with a school; used as an outdoor skating area in winter One location per 5,000 Usually in conjunction with a neighbourhood park or elementary school; intended for elementary school children One location per 5,000 Pools, spray or wading pool Must be paved surface with good drainage; in a neighbourhood park and combined with a playground One location per 5,000 Training or teaching Almost uniform depth (3 to 4 ft) with no diving area; considered a walk-to facility with few change facilities; planned in conjunction with regular outdoor pools and where an indoor/outdoor pool is unattainable One location per 5,000 Rink, natural ice Outdoor May be maintained by volunteers; should be three ice surfaces at each location: one for small children, one for skating and one for hockey; should be adjacent to school One location per 5,000 Developed as part of a senior citizen centre One location per 5,000 Placed in a neighbourhood park or elementary school playground One location per 5,000 Part of a school playground One location per 5,000 Part of a school playground One location per 5,000 Tennis court Should be lighted and developed in conjunction with elementary and secondary schools; at least three courts per location One location per 5,000 Tot lot Developed for pre-school children in neighbourhood parks, elementary school grounds or smaller areas; located close to family housing to permit easy access by young children Five locations per, 5000 Usually part of a school gymnasium or playground; indoor or outdoor facility One location per 5,000 Adventure Playground Associated with a park or community centre; creative playgrounds are usually associated with a school or park Two locations per 10,000 Cut off from other open space One location per 20,000 Arena, artificial indoor ice area One in each community should have spectator seating; the rest should be for recreation purposes with limited seating One location per 20,000 In a community park or combined with a secondary school One location per 20,000 One in each municipality should have fixed seating; the rest may be in schools One location per 20,000 May be indoor or outdoor; developed in conjunction with a club One location per 20,000 May be developed sufficiently by commercial interests One lane per 2,500 Usually a private club, one site should be open to the public One location per 25,000 Centres, community centre A multi-purpose building; may be part of a school complex or included with an indoor pool or arena One location per 25,000 Day care May be privately or publicly owned; can be located in a recreation facility; number required must be based on the demand for this service; space, staffing and equipment standards are controlled by the Ontario Day Nurseries Act; legislative controls less stringent when cooperatively operated with volunteers To accommodate 10 children per 1,000 population Day centre Specifically for senior citizens; complete and continuous programs of activities, including a noon meal One location per 20,000 Usually for teens or senior citizens; should be centrally located and close to public transportation One location per 20,000 Pre-school or one oclock clubs An indoor and outdoor facility for young children accompanied by parents One location per 20,000 May be part of a school, church or community centre One location per 20,000 Handball Part of a multi-purpose facility with a shower and change facilities;


With whom are the islands of Elba and St Helena associated?

St. Helena Posted Dec 5th, 2006 at 6:40am A tall man with an aquiline nose, Nicholas Thorpe takes huge strides in his sandaled feet as I follow him out of the mists that engulf the Blue Hill area, down a narrow road that winds through emerald fields of flax. Our destination is a holiday picnic to the south of us. The three Thorpe children scamper barefoot down the steep hillside. One wrong move could bring disaster, but you get the feeling that nothing bad could ever happen on St. Helena. Here on one of the remotest islands on earth, well below the equator in the South Atlantic, there is an air of peace about the place. There are no snakes, people don't lock their doors at night, and life is good. Other than the fact that Napoleon died in exile here, what I knew about St. Helena before I arrived was as vague as a cheap world map, many of which don't even bother to include the tiny island. The nearest landmass is Africa (1,200 miles away), but St. Helena's closest neighbors in spirit are the other islands of the South Atlantic: Ascension to the north, Tristan da Cunha to the southwest and, far to the west, the Falklands. They form a kind of quartet, a small circle of competitive friends bound together by isolation - not to mention an almost slavish obedience to Britain. As we walk, I discover that Nicholas, on whose farm I've rented a cottage for a week, is a mine of information about St. Helena's history. He is, after all, half St. Helenian or, as the islanders are more popularly called, a Saint. Nicholas's great-great-grandfather came to this island from Britain in about 1840, maybe as a soldier (Nicholas is not sure), married a local woman, and then made this his home. The first people to see this place, however, didn't choose to stay. Talking over his shoulder as we walk, Nicholas says St. Helena has been a maritime pit stop since 1502, when Portuguese explorer Jo¿o da Nova Castella discovered it and named it after a feast day. After that the Portuguese kept the island's location secret for almost nine decades. In 1659 the East India Company established the island's first settlement as a provisioning base for its trading fleet, and it wasn't until 1834 that St. Helena came under the direct government of the British Crown. When Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena in 1815, thousands of British troops were sent to guard him until his death in 1821. And St. Helena has remained a piece of Albion ever since. "For most people here," Nicholas points out, "the island could really be in the English Channel." This day, a Monday, the island has two reasons to celebrate. First, the only transport connecting islanders with the outside world, the RMS St. Helena, has arrived, carrying a dozen or so visitors like myself, as well as other Saints coming home after months or years abroad. Second, it's a bank holiday - a British tradition the island follows religiously, even though it's not a religious holiday, and though the island doesn't have a single bank of its own. We stop for a moment at Old Luffkins. What used to be a cottage is now just a pile of stones with a nickname. It's perched all alone on the hillside, weeds growing through the dilapidated walls. The only sign of life is a cow grazing in the remains of an English garden. Below us stretches a valley and then the Atlantic. Both Old Luffkins and Whites, the old homestead we're heading to, were owned by a woman who left the island 40 years earlier to look for work elsewhere. The houses were left intact - lock, stock, and lacework - but no one else ever moved in. Throughout the last century Saints have had a knack for emigrating, Nicholas tells me, driven away by the high price of land and the scarcity of work, as well as the remoteness. His grandfather was one of ten children (and had ten children of his own), but of all Nicholas's relatives, only his mother, a brother, and a few cousins still live on the island. "Dare no place loik Sint Helena," is a comment, uttered in the curious Saint accent, that I heard countless times during the voyage to the island. But Saints often love


Piles is a familiar word for what medical condition?

More about Hemorrhoids - Hemorrhoids - HealthCommunities.com More about Hemorrhoids Print Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are a familiar disorder, and usually not a serious one. It’s thought that 75 percent of Americans will have them at some time in their lives. The word comes from hemo (blood) plus rrhoos (flowing or discharging), and indeed the first symptom of hemorrhoids is usually a spot or streak of bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool after a bowel movement. The tissue of the anus and rectum is a cushion of blood vessels, connective tissue, and muscle. A hemorrhoid is an inflammation or enlargement of the veins in this tissue, caused by excess pressure in the anal or abdominal area. Most people can tell if they have external hemorrhoids. These develop from veins around the edge of the anus, and are often felt as hard, itchy, tender lumps that are likely to be painful at times. If the veins rupture, bleeding also occurs. The majority of hemorrhoids, however, are internal, developing an inch or more above the anus. Usually they cannot be seen or felt, and so often go undetected until they bleed. In some cases, an internal hemorrhoid can also prolapse—it falls through the anal opening and forms a protruding mass that may be painful and itchy. A prolapsed hemorrhoid can slip back into the rectum or can be moved back in with gentle pressure from a finger. But persistent or permanently prolapsed hemorrhoids need medical attention. Symptoms of Hemorrhoids External hemorrhoid symptoms include a painful hard bump on the edge of or just outside the anus. External hemorrhoids may be accompanied by anal itching, bleeding and pain upon defecation. Internal hemorrhoid symptoms include bright red blood on toilet paper, in stool, or in the toilet after a bowel movement (often the first and only symptom). There may also be a discharge of mucus from the anus. Prolapsed hemorrhoids are often painful and symptoms include moist swelling of skin protruding outside the anal opening. What Causes Hemorrhoids? It used to be said that constipation was the chief cause, however, doctors are not so sure. A study published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology found that constipation and hemorrhoids were not linked; instead, diarrhea seemed to be a more likely cause. Still, excess pressure in the anal area can promote hemorrhoids. That’s why habitually intense or straining while moving your bowels can promote or aggravate hemorrhoids. So can pregnancy, because the uterus puts additional pressure on the lower abdomen (though the hemorrhoids often disappear in the weeks following delivery). Other possible contributors to hemorrhoids include eating a low-fiber diet, being overweight and being sedentary. It’s also thought that genetics plays an important role. Lifting heavy objects can cause hemorrhoids, as it increases the pressure on the internal rectal veins. In some cases, anal sex can cause hemorrhoids. What If You Do Nothing? Hemorrhoids are more of a nuisance than anything else and are rarely a serious risk to health. With proper care, pain or bleeding from an external hemorrhoid resolves itself very quickly in most cases. If you can withstand the pain and itching, the hemorrhoids may eventually diminish so living with them becomes tolerable. But when you do notice the bleeding for the first time, you should get a doctor’s opinion. Probably it’s only a hemorrhoid, but in a very small number of cases, rectal bleeding may be the first sign of serious gastrointestinal disease, including cancer. Home Remedies for Hemorrhoids If a doctor has confirmed that you do have hemorrhoids, there may be no need for medical treatment. The following measures can ease the discomfort of hemorrhoids if you have them. Don’t strain or hold your breath on the toilet. When possible, choose a time for defecating when you aren’t rushed, and when the internal action of peristalsis can be helpful for you—perhaps after breakfast or soon after drinking a glass of water. Avoiding constipation also helps ease straining during a bowel movement. Practic


Who died in 1972, which led to the accession of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark?

Accession of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark | Unofficial Royalty Accession of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark King Frederik IX with the future Queen Margrethe II and Crown Prince Frederik photo source: www.statensnet.dk; photo credit: Polfoto January 14, 1972 – Accession of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark January 14 marks the anniversary of the death of King Frederik IX of Denmark , and the accession of his eldest daughter as Queen Margrethe II . King Frederik had come to the throne in 1947, upon the death of his father, King Christian X. He and his wife, the former Princess Ingrid of Sweden had three daughters, and at the time, only men were permitted to succeed to the Danish throne. Frederik’s brother, Prince Knud was the heir presumptive. However, shortly after coming to the throne in 1947, King Frederik IX began the process of having the constitution changed to allow the succession to pass to his daughters. It would take six years, but in 1953, the Danish Constitution was changed. A new Act of Succession allowed for the throne to pass to his daughters, should there not be any sons. The young Princess Margrethe became the heiress presumptive, with her younger sisters next in line. The King’s brother, Prince Knud, was given the title Hereditary Prince Knud which he held for the remainder of his life. Prince Knud had three children, Elisabeth , Ingolf and Christian . Princess Elisabeth remains in the line of succession (behing eligible because of the new Act of Succession in 1953), holding the last position in the list. Both Ingolf and Christian relinquished their succession rights, as well as their royal titles and status, upon marriage. Both were created Counts of Rosenborg by their uncle. On the evening of January 14, 1972, after a brief illness and a heart attack, King Frederick IX died, surrounded by his family. His remains were taken to Amalienborg Palace for several days, before being moved to the chapel at Christiansborg Palace where he would lay in state for several days leading up to his funeral, held on January 24th. The Proclamation of the Queen by the Prince Minister. Credit: Order of Sartorial Splendor Meanwhile, the young Princess Margrethe had become Queen. On the morning of January 15th, following tradition, the new Queen was proclaimed by the Prime Minister from the balcony at Christiansborg Palace. To the crowds gathered below, she gave a brief speech, expressing the nation’s grief at the loss of their King and the warm feelings held by all for her mother, Queen Ingrid in this time of loss. She asked for God’s help in assuming the duties that had been her father’s for nearly 25 years, as well as the confidence and support of the Danish people. Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik with their sons The new Queen was then joined on the balcony by her husband, Prince Henrik , before the couple returned by carriage to Amalienborg Palace. There, they again appeared on the balcony, along with their two young sons, the new Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim . Queen Margrethe II has now been the Sovereign of Denmark for 42 years, the second longest serving monarch in Europe (following her 3rd cousin Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom), and 5th longest serving monarch in the world (following King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand, Queen Elizabeth II of the UK, The Sultan of Brunei and the Sultan of Oman). The Queen has stated several times that she has no intention of abdicating and several other European monarchs have done recently. She views her position as a job for life, and recognizes Queen Elizabeth II of the UK as a source of inspiration for her devotion to duty. Check out other royal dates posted daily on our forum .


What is traditionally thrown into the Trevi Fountain, Rome

Trevi Fountain - an eternal source of income | DW Travel | DW.COM | 24.06.2016 Travel Trevi Fountain - an eternal source of income Every year, millions of tourists throw coins into Rome's Trevi Fountain. Legend says that in doing so, you ensure a return to the eternal city. But what actually happens to all the money thrown into the waters? Trevi Fountain has become a crowded tourist spot due to its immense fame The normally blue shimmering water has been drained from the monumental Trevi Fountain. All that remains is the empty pool in which several workers equipped with brooms sweeps together the mass of coins. Rome might be known as the "eternal city", but the coins, which are thrown into the fountain by tourists every second of the day and night will not remain forever in the Trevi Fountain. Collection point for coins from around the world Once a week the spectacle of collecting the coins takes placed - watched by thousands of curious onlookers. Until now, the money was donated to charities and good causes - but whether this will continue to be the case is yet to be decided. The different types of coins - euros, dollars, pounds or yuans show how popular the fountain is internationally. The Catholic relief organization Caritas says the city of Rome could annually fish in the region of one million euro out of the fountain –and they should know because until now they've traditionally been the recipients of those coins. Below the waters of the fountain there is a treasure Legend says that if you throw a coin with your right hand over your left shoulder into the fountain then you will be blessed by good fortune and will ensure that you will someday return to Rome. "I'm doing this because it's thought to bring luck. But why that should be the case I don't know," says Sabine from Dortmund, who takes pictures as her husband throws a coin into the Trevi waters. They have painstakingly fought their way through the crowds to the edge of the fountain, where people from Japan, China, the USA are also taking position to launch their coins. A tourist ritual for a good cause Trevi Fountain has lost some of its charms under the crush of people, cheap tourist souvenir vendors and the roaming traders - even though it shines brightly white after a 17-month make-over paid for by the Italian fashion house Fendi. "You can hardly enjoy it, let alone take any photos," says Isabel, a 26-year old from Essen, disappointedly. The fountain cleared of coins Until now the money collected in the fountain has been given to Caritas, and therefore it has been used to help those in need. "We help families, give money to soupkitchens and hotels for the homeless and those who are HIV positive," says Caritas spokesman Alberto Colaiacomo. But they can make immediate use of the commonly used currencies. "Other coins, like those from China are collected over time and then exchanged at the appropriate embassy", Colaiacomo tells us. The future of the fountain treasure is unknown The current arrangement for the use of the coins runs until the end of 2017. There were already rumors at the beginning of the year that the funds would in future be put to different use – like pay for the renovation of antique buildings and monuments. But the city administration was fast to deny these plans. New in office: Mayor Virginia Raggi Now however all bets are off as the power structure in Rome has shifted to the new mayor Virginia Raggi. Caritas spokesman Colaiacomo says she is the one who will now ultimately decide what is to be done with the collected Trevi Fountain coins as of 2018. And as the city is facing problems caused by debts, corruption, rubbish disposal, smog and weight of traffic, some things might be seen as more important. Anita Ekberg in "La Dolce Vita" The Trevi Fountain was designed by baroque architect Nicolò Salvi (1697-1751), but who didn't live to see the completion of the marble masterpiece in 1762. It found global fame some 200 years later when actress Anita Ekberg, wearing a black evening dress, seductively takes a plunge in the fountain in Frederico Fel


Which country was divided at the 17th parallel by an agreement made in 1954 in Geneva?

Geneva Conference of 1954 – History Wars Weapons About Geneva Conference of 1954 The Geneva Conference of 1954 was a diplomatic conference in which representatives of the United States, France, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the People’s Republic of China, the Associated States of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, North Korea, and South Korea met in Geneva, Switzerland, to deal with two complicated international issues: the Indochina War in South East Asia and the unification of South Korea and North Korea after the war. The part of the conference on the Korean question ended without a solution and no declarations or proposals were made. On the French Indochina War issue, the Geneva Conference produced a set of documents known as the Geneva Accords. Geneva Accords The Geneva Accords of 1954 arranged a settlement which brought about an end to the French Indochina war. This agreement was reached at the end of the Geneva Conference. A ceasefire was signed and France agreed to withdraw its troops from the region. French Indochina was split into three countries: Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The Geneva Accords divided Vietnam in half at the 17th parallel, with Ho Chi Minh’s Communists in the North, and the Emperor Bao Dai’s was granted the South. The accords also provided for national elections to be held in all of Vietnam within two years to reunify the country. Nevertheless, these elections were never held due to repeated refusals to hold free nationwide elections by both Ho Chi Minh and Bao Dai’s regimes. Thus, the Viet Minh, under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh, established a communist state in North Vietnam. The United States gave Ngo Dinh Diem, who was the president of South Vietnam after the fall of Emperor Bao Dai, considerable support in the form of financial aid. However, due to the corruption evident in his regime, and the question of the depth of support for him in Vietnam, there was a certain amount of reluctance in doing so.


The Belgian artist Georges Remi is better known by what name?

Hergé | Tintin Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia "I seek above all to tell a story…and to tell it clearly." —Hergé Georges Prosper Remi (22 May 1907 - 3 March 1983 ), better known by the pen name Hergé, was a Belgian comics writer and artist. "Hergé" is the French pronunciation of "RG," or his initials reversed. His best known  and most substantial work is The Adventures of Tintin comic book series, which he wrote and illustrated from 1929 until his death in 1983, leaving the twenty-fourth Tintin adventure Tintin and Alph-Art unfinished. His work remains a strong influence on comics, particularly in Europe. He was inducted into the Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2003 . Contents Biography Childhood and early career Georges Prosper Remi was born in 1907 in Etterbeek, in Brussels, Belgium to middle class parents, Alexis Remi and his wife Elisabeth Dufour. [1] His four years of primary schooling coincided with World War I (1914–1918), during which Brussels was occupied by the German Empire. Georges, who displayed an early affinity for drawing, filled the margins of his earliest schoolbooks with doodles of the German invaders. [2] Except for a few drawing lessons which he later took at l'école Saint-Luc he never had any formal training in the visual arts. In 1920 he began studying in the collège Saint-Boniface, a secondary school where the teachers were Catholic priests. [3] Georges joined the Boy Scouts troop of the school, where he was given the totemic name "Renard curieux" (Curious fox). Recently an old strip by him was found on a wall of this school. [4] His first drawings were published in 1922 in Jamais assez, the school's Scout paper, and in Le Boy-Scout Belge, the Scout monthly magazine. [5] From 1924, he signed his illustrations using the pseudonym "Hergé." [6] His subsequent comics work would be heavily influenced by the ethics of the Scouting movement, as well as the early travel experiences he made with the Scout association. [7] On finishing school in 1925 Georges worked at the Catholic newspaper Le XXe Siècle under the editor Norbert Wallez, a Catholic abbot who kept a photograph of Mussolini in his office. [8] The following year, he published his first cartoon series, Totor , in the Scouting magazine Le Boy-Scout Belge. [9] In 1928, he was put in charge of producing material for the Le XXe Siècle's new weekly supplement for children, Le Petit Vingtième . He began illustrating The Adventures of Flup, Nénesse, Poussette, and Cochonnet, a strip written by a member of the newspaper's sports staff, but soon became dissatisfied with this series. Wallez asked Remi to create a young hero, a Catholic reporter who would fight for good all over the world. [8] He decided to create a comic strip of his own, which would adopt the recent American innovation of using speech balloons to depict words coming out of the characters' mouths, inspired by their use by established French comics author Alain St. Ogan. [10] Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (1929) Tintin in the Land of the Soviets , by "Hergé," appeared in the pages of Le Petit Vingtième on 10 January 1929, and ran until 8 May 1930 . The strip chronicled the adventures of a young reporter named Tintin and his pet fox terrier Snowy (Milou) as they journeyed through the Soviet Union. The character of Tintin was partly inspired by Georges's brother Paul Remi, an officer in the Belgian army. In January 1930 Hergé introduced Quick & Flupke (Quick et Flupke), a new comic strip about two street urchins from Brussels, in the pages of Le Petit Vingtième. For many years, Hergé continued to produce this less well-known series in parallel with his Tintin stories. In June he began the second Tintin adventure, Tintin in the Congo (then the colony of Belgian Congo), followed by Tintin in America and Cigars of the Pharaoh . On 20 July 1932 he married Germaine Kieckens , the secretary of the director of the Le XXe Siècle, [8] whom he had first met in 1927. [11] They had no children, and eventually divorced in 1977 . [12] The early Tintin adventures each took about a year to complete, upon whic


"Complete Joseph Stalin's famous quotation ""One death is a tragedy, one million deaths is a """

Joseph Stalin - Wikiquote Joseph Stalin Jump to: navigation , search Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin ( 21 December { 9 December Old Style } 1879 – 5 March 1953 ) was the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from late 1922 until his death on 5 March 1953. Following Lenin 's death in 1924 he rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union . He was the father of Svetlana Alliluyeva . Contents Quotes[ edit ] If the opposition disarms, all is well and good. If it refuses to disarm, we shall disarm it ourselves. Mankind is divided into rich and poor, into property owners and exploited; and to abstract oneself from this fundamental division, and from the antagonism between poor and rich, means abstracting oneself from fundamental facts. I have no son named Yakov. as quoted in Joseph Stalin: Dictator of the Soviet Union (2006) by Brenda Haugen, p. 11 Stalin's speeches, writings and authorised interviews[ edit ] From the point of view of the onlooker, the question of the existence of a Georgian newspaper in general, and the question of its content and trend in particular, may seem to settle themselves naturally and simply: the Georgian Social-Democratic movement is not a separate, exclusively Georgian, working-class movement with its own separate programme; it goes hand in hand with the entire Russian movement and, consequently, accepts the authority of the Russian Social-Democratic Party—hence it is clear that a Georgian Social-Democratic newspaper should be only a local organ that deals mainly with local questions and reflects the local movement. But behind this reply lurks a difficulty which we cannot ignore and which we shall inevitably encounter. We refer to the language difficulty. While the Central Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Party is able to explain all general questions with the aid of the all-Party newspaper and leave it to the regional committees to deal only with local questions, the Georgian newspaper finds itself in a difficulty as regards content. The Georgian newspaper must simultaneously play the part of an all-Party and of a regional, or local organ. As the majority of Georgian working-class readers cannot freely read the Russian newspaper, the editors of the Georgian newspaper have no right to pass over those questions which the all-Party Russian newspaper is discussing, and should discuss. Thus, the Georgian newspaper must inform its readers about all questions of principle concerning theory and tactics. At the same time it must lead the local movement and throw proper light on every event, without leaving a single fact unexplained, and providing answers to all questions that excite the local workers. The Georgian newspaper must link up and unite the Georgian and Russian militant workers The newspaper must inform its readers about everything that interests them at home, in Russia and abroad. from "From (the) Editors" (1901) an article in a socialist newspaper-- Stalin was one of the editors (aged 22) As we know, the goal of every struggle is victory. But if the proletariat is to achieve victory, all the workers, irrespective of nationality, must be united. Clearly, the demolition of national barriers and close unity between the Russian, Georgian, Armenian, Polish, Jewish and other proletarians is a necessary condition for the victory of the proletariat of all Russia. Social democracy is objectively the moderate wing of fascism.... These organisations (ie Fascism and social democracy) are not antipodes, they are twins. Joseph Stalin, “Concerning the International Situation,” Works, Vol. 6, January-November, 1924, pp. 293-314. We are not the kind of people who, when the word " anarchism " is mentioned, turn away contemptuously and say with a supercilious wave of the hand: "Why waste time on that, it's not worth talking about!" We think that such cheap "criticism" is undignified and useless. Nor are we the kind of people who console themselves with the thought that the Anarchists "have no masses behind them and, therefore, are not so dangerous." It is not who has a larger or


What is the next in this series: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, ?

Latvia | Hetalia Archives | Fandom powered by Wikia Main article: Uniform Guide: Latvia Latvia has short, curly blond hair and violet eyes (sometimes colored dark blue). In his WWII appearances, he usually wears a maroon military uniform with brown epaulettes. He is the shortest of the Baltic trio, even though he was drawn somewhat taller in his earlier appearances in the webcomic and originally had thicker eyebrows. His uniform also originally had frog clasps in the front (rather than simple buttons) and he wore tall boots. Personality And Interests The youngest of the three Baltics, he is withdrawn and a crybaby due to the series of unfortunate events he's experienced in life. He is often pushed around by Russia , who he tried and failed to cut ties with. He loves poetry and romance novels. Despite being rather young in physical age, Latvia's profile also states that he drinks a lot of alcohol. This is further elaborated on in the Hetalia Desktop Buddies, where he states that he is able to drink up to forty cups of alcohol at his best. Relationships Latvia isn't close to Estonia but shares the same feeling toward Russia, frightened. Lithuania Latvia has a close brotherly relationship with Lithuania but both are scared of Russia. Russia Latvia isn't shown to be very fond towards Russia, however he is very frightened of him. Sealand Main article: Sealand Though Latvia stabbed him with a flower when they first met at a world meeting, the two quickly managed to become close friends, due to their similarity of being small nations that weren't taken very seriously. Latvia attempts to act as an older brother and mentor figure to Sealand, but his own insecurities and worries tend to get in the way. In The Anime Latvia in Episode 29. Latvia first appeared in Episode 01 at the Meeting Of The World, where he was being bullied by Russia and Belarus , the latter holding a knife to his back. He officially appears in Episode 29 with the other two Baltics, speaking for the first time. His design in the anime adaptation was altered slightly, with his light blond hair having been changed to a darker shade, while his violet eyes were changed to an aqua blue. Though Latvia was originally voiced by Rie Kugimiya in his appearance in Hetalia Drama CD: Volume 2 , he is instead voiced by Kazutada Tanaka in the anime series. Name While Raivis is an actual Latvian name, his surname Galante is actually of Italian origin. Whether it is intentional or not, Latvia's human last name corresponds with that of the well-known opera singer Inessa Galante , who happens to be from Latvia herself. Character Songs Peace Sounds Nice (featured) Trivia His birthday corresponds with the date for Latvia's declaration of independence from Russia and Germany, November 18th, 1918. Latvia would later wind up occupied by both Soviet and Nazi forces in 1940 and 1941 respectively, before being reoccupied by the Soviet Union in 1944. While it announced its renewed independence from the union in 1990, it took a year for it to actually be restored. The "desktop mascot" of Latvia reveals that he has an apparent dislike for things such as the Livonian Order , Alexander Lukashenko , the Teutonic Order , and Cossacks . Latvia has commented, after Russia asked why he was so short, that it was because of Russia pressing down on his head every day. If he did not, Latvia would be ten centimetres taller than he is now.


The symbol of the Olympic Games is made up of 5 interlocking rings, coloured blue, yellow, black, green, and what other colour?

The Olympic Symbol # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z   NEW RANDOM The Olympic Symbol This page is about the meaning, origin and characteristic of the symbol, emblem, seal, sign, logo or flag: The Olympic Symbol. The Olympic symbols are icons, flags and symbols used by the International Olympic Committee to promote the Olympic Games. Some - such as the flame, fanfare, and theme - are more common during Olympic competition, but others, such as the flag, can be seen throughout the year. The current view of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is that the symbol " reinforces the idea" that the Olympic Movement is international and welcomes all countries of the world to join. As can be read in the Olympic Charter , the Olympic symbol represents the union of the five regions of the world and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games . However , no continent is represented by any specific ring. Prior to 1951, the official handbook stated that each colour corresponded to a particular continent : blue for Europe , yellow for Asia, black for Africa , green for Australia and Oceania and red for America ( North and South considered as a single continent ); this was removed because there was no evidence that Coubertin had intended it (the quote above was probably an afterthought ). Graphical characteristics:


In which British sitcom does recently-widowed Audrey fforbes-Hamilton have to sell her manor house, which is bought by Richard DeVere, a nouveau riche millionaire supermarket owner?

To The Manor Born « KET To The Manor Born 30:15 | #307 | First Aired: August 18, 2012 When Richard's business crisis forces him to sell Grantleigh Estate, he is distraught. In the meantime, an unexpected legacy has left Audrey with the funds to buy back the Manor. To The Manor Born 30:13 | #306 | First Aired: August 11, 2012 Facing a serious crisis in his business empire, Richard has no time for his daily battles with Audrey over running the estate. To The Manor Born 30:07 | #305 | First Aired: August 4, 2012 Richard is anxious to sign a profitable contract with the owner of a cosmetic company. To ward off her amorous advances, he pretends to be married to Audrey, who shrewdly takes the opportunity to make some changes on the estate. To The Manor Born 28:08 | #304 | First Aired: July 28, 2012 A rare tropical bird nesting on the estate causes a flurry of interest by local naturalists. Audrey is unimpressed, at least until she discovers a way to turn the event to her own financial advantage. 29:42 | #303 | First Aired: July 21, 2012 A repair bill for Audrey's Rolls Royce finally convinces her to revert to four-legged horsepower. To The Manor Born 29:37 | #302 | First Aired: July 14, 2012 Audrey mobilizes the village to fight the threatened closure of the local railway station. Her trump card is Richard's traditional right as Lord of the Manor, but he has plans for the station that he has not shared with her. To The Manor Born 29:36 | #301 | First Aired: July 7, 2012 As county commissioner for the Girl Guides, Audrey scolds Richard for not sponsoring a charity event to build a new meeting hut for the girls. To The Manor Born 29:46 | #206 | First Aired: June 30, 2012 Audrey throws her back out gathering firewood. Richard is most attentive to her needs, even offering her a ski holiday should she recover in time. To The Manor Born 29:44 | #205 | First Aired: June 23, 2012 The Queen's New Year's Honors List, it is rumored, contains some information of interest to the inhabitants of Grantleigh Estate. Audrey assumes that Richard is on the list and does what she can to ingratiate herself with him. To The Manor Born 30:21 | #204 | First Aired: June 16, 2012 An itinerant arrives to ask for work from Richard. He is disinclined to make the offer, but Audrey forcibly reminds Richard of his manorial duties. To The Manor Born 26:55 | #203 | First Aired: June 9, 2012 Audrey is extremely happy to help Richard catalogue his collection of antique china. When one of the pieces goes missing, however, Richard has no alternative but to suspect her in its disappearance. To The Manor Born 28:07 | #202 | First Aired: June 2, 2012 Audrey receives a letter from an old friend who will be passing through and asks to spend the night. To The Manor Born 28:36 | #201 | First Aired: May 26, 2012 Richard wants to make the farms productive enough to supply his supermarket chain. He calls in his London based farm manager to cull out the inefficiencies in which the estate abounds. To The Manor Born 29:32 | #107 | First Aired: May 19, 2012 Audrey begins to accept the hard facts of her displacement and poverty when she visits the local supermarket. Richard, meanwhile, decides to publicize his arrival by doing a television commercial at the Manor. To The Manor Born 27:38 | #106 | First Aired: May 12, 2012 Despite abject poverty (by her standards), Audrey decides that she must take a holiday to keep up with her wealthy friends. But her little plan of a holiday at home back fires when Richard fails to go away for his vacation. To The Manor Born 30:11 | #105 | First Aired: May 5, 2012 Richard allows the traditional Hunt Ball to be held at the manor, but he is not pleased when Audrey refuses to organize it. He plays a trick on her to change her mind, but Audrey resolves to get him back in turn. To The Manor Born 25:49 | #104 | First Aired: April 28, 2012 Richard moves his multi-national grocery business to the Manor and has starts re-building it, much to Audrey's consternation. They cross swords on the matter of a fireplace. To The Manor Born 29:45 | #103 | First


What tree and its fruit is also known as the butter pear and alligator pear?

Avocado Tree Growth | Garden Guides Avocado Tree Growth Submit Overview Avocado, a fruit also known as the butter pear because of its taste and consistency, and the alligator pear because of its green, bumpy skin, has been around for centuries. The avocado tree is native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, and thrives in tropical climates. However, the tree has also been successful in temperate climates found in places such as California and Florida. As long as you live in a relatively warm climate, you can grow your own avocado trees. Size Avocado trees can grow as tall as 80 feet. Their root structure is aggressive, and the roots are capable of lifting pavement and cracking driveways. Consider this when choosing placement. Fruits There are about 400 commercial varieties of avocado. A few of the more popular ones are Bacon, Fuerte, Gwen, Hass, Lamb Hass, Pinkerton, Reed, and Zutano. Fruit ripens at different times of the year depending on the variety. Location The biggest enemy of an avocado tree is cold. When choosing a location for your tree, find an area that receives constant and lengthy sunlight. Also choose a variety that grows best within your specific environment. Avocado trees do not like "wet feet." Plant them in well-drained soil. Fertilizer After the first year of planting, fertilize you avocado with citrus fertilizer, following the instructions on the label. For already established trees, fertilize twice a year, with the first application in February. Spread fertilizer around the tree's drip line, not around the trunk. Seeds Growing an avocado tree from a seed is achieved by inserting three toothpicks, equally spaced, into the midsection of the seed. Using the toothpicks as anchors, dangle the seed over a glass of water so that half the seed is submerged. In time, roots will erupt from the base of the seed. Transfer the rooted seed into potting soil and water daily. Keywords: avocado tree growth, avocado seeds, growing avocado trees About this Author Lisa Larsen has been a professional writer for 18 years. She has written radio advertisement copy, research papers, SEO articles, magazine articles for "BIKE," "USA Today" and "Dirt Rag," newspaper articles for "Florida Today," and short stories published in Glimmer Train and Lullwater Review, among others. She has a master's degree in education, and is a member of the National Society of Collegiate Scholars.


The most southern part of the South American continent is on which Chilean archipelago?

Archipelago Landforms Around South America | USA Today Archipelago Landforms Around South America The rocky beaches of the Falkland Islands are penguin breeding grounds. (Photo: Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images ) How to Take a Boat From San Francisco to South America Archipelagos are chains of related islands, but the origins and landforms of archipelagos are diverse. Archipelago landforms around South America include the submerged southern tip of the Andes mountain range at Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, the drifting continental fragment of the Falkland Islands, a volcanic arc where two tectonic plates meet at the South Sandwich Islands, and the tips of a giant volcanic seamount reaching above sea level at the Fernando de Noronha islands. Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego The Andes Mountains run generally north-to-south along the full length of Chile and gradually decline in height before they sink into the Strait of Magellan in a series of fjords and islands. The Argentinean section is wide pampas land named Patagonia. The more rugged Chilean coast called Tierra del Fuego was deeply cut by Ice Age glaciers and then separated from the continent when rising sea levels flooded this region of Chile's Valle Central, or central valley. As the Andes disappear into the sea, their peaks continue to rise above sea level, including Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, which reaches an elevation of 6,500 feet. Falkland Islands or Islas Malvinas The Falkland Islands, a British territory that in Spanish is called Islas Malvinas, are a granite terrain, a drifting fragment of continental land, now located 300 miles northeast of Patagonia. Africa, Antarctica and South America were once joined as part of the Gondwana supercontinent, and when Gondwana broke apart, the Falklands were carried southwest along with Antactica. The Falklands include flat plains, but their exceptional rock glacier landforms, or "rivers of rock," occur in the mountains, where boulders were deposited out of ice or frozen ground in lines measuring from one yard to hundreds of yards wide and up to 2.5 miles long. South Sandwich Islands The South Sandwich Islands are an uninhabited volcanic arc 1,500 miles east of Patagonia, where the South American tectonic plate is being subducted under the South Sandwich Plate. As the subducted plate reaches the Earth's interior, its rocks melt, expand, and then rise to the surface as volcanoes. The South Sandwich Plate is young, only five million years old, so 60 percent of the islands are lava flows and the remainder is tephra, a rock formed from materials forcefully ejected from the volcanoes. Glaciers cover 80 percent of the island chain's total 1,570 square miles. Fernando de Noronha The 21 uninhabited islands of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago are part of one large volcano cone 215 miles off the east coast of Brazil. The largest island is 6.9 square miles of sandy beaches and cliffs atop a mountain that rises 12,000 feet from the seabed to the ocean surface. Wave action has carved bays and inlets into the volcanic tuff, a lightweight rock formed from layers of volcanic ash, and in areas of more resistance phonolite, or fine-grained volcanic rock, headlands jut outward into the sea. The south coast experiences strong wave action, while on the north, beach landforms include sand, gravel and boulders, and some tombolos, or dunes. References


"By 1922 Fred Astaire and his sister Adele were so popular that George and Ira Gershwin wrote ""Funny Face"" and what other show especially for them?"

Fred Astaire | Biography & History | AllMusic google+ Artist Biography               by William Ruhlmann Dancer, actor, and singer Fred Astaire worked steadily in various entertainment media during nine decades of the 20th century. The most celebrated dancer in the history of film, with appearances in 31 movie musicals between 1933 and 1968 (and a special Academy Award in recognition of his accomplishments in them), Astaire also danced on-stage and on television (garnering two Emmy Awards in the process), and he even treated listening audiences to his accomplished tap dancing on records and on his own radio series. He appeared in another eight non-musical feature films and on numerous television programs, resulting in an Academy Award nomination and a third Emmy Award as an actor. His light tenor voice and smooth, conversational phrasing made him an ideal interpreter for the major songwriters of his era, and he introduced dozens of pop standards, many of them written expressly for him, by such composers as Harold Arlen , Irving Berlin , George Gershwin , Jerome Kern , Burton Lane , Frank Loesser , Johnny Mercer , Cole Porter , Arthur Schwartz , Harry Warren , and Vincent Youmans . Although his efforts as a dancer necessarily overshadowed his purely musical work, he made hundreds of recordings over a period of more than 50 years, resulting in several major hits. Astaire 's long career breaks down neatly into four major phases. From 1905 to 1917, he and his sister Adele Astaire (b. Sep 10, 1897; d. Jan 25, 1981) danced and sang as the team of Fred and Adele Astaire in vaudeville. From 1917 to 1933, Astaire worked in the legitimate theater in 11 stage musicals, ten of them with his sister. From 1933 to 1957, he appeared in 30 movie musicals, ten of them teaming him with Ginger Rogers . From 1957 to 1981, he worked mostly as a character actor in films and on television. Although Fred and Adele Astaire garnered considerable critical attention and achieved stardom on Broadway and in the West End, no documentation beyond their reviews and a handful of recordings exists to preserve their legacy. On the other hand, Astaire 's partnership with Rogers , immortalized on film, continued to fascinate viewers of succeeding decades much as it did those who attended the movies initially in the '30s. In those days, Astaire , gliding across polished dancefloors in his trademark "Top Hat, White Tie and Tails" (as Berlin put it in a song written for him), with Rogers beside him in a spectacular gown, served as an antidote for the Depression that gripped the country and reassured millions of filmgoers that elegance and gentility could overcome economic turmoil. This was Astaire 's popular peak, when he and Rogers were among the country's biggest box-office stars, when his records topped the charts, and his radio show was listened to by millions every week. But his lengthy career was marked by a series of triumphs that made him one of the best-loved entertainers of the century. Fred Astaire was born Frederick Austerlitz in Omaha, NE, on May 10, 1899. His father, Frederic (no "k") Austerlitz, was an Austrian immigrant who worked as a salesman for the Storz Brewing Company but was also a pianist with a strong interest in the performing arts. His mother, Johanna (Gelius) Austerlitz, shared this interest, and when his sister Adele Marie Austerlitz , who was 20 months his senior, showed a talent for dancing as a small child, she was enrolled at Chambers' Dancing Academy. The family faced a financial crisis in 1904 when a temperance movement led to the closing of the brewery, and they met it in surprising fashion by deciding that mother, daughter, and son would move to New York where Adele could be enrolled in the dancing school run by Claude Alvienne with an eye toward a professional career. Johanna, Adele , and Fred Austerlitz (soon renamed Ann, Adele , and Fred Astaire ) arrived in New York in January 1905, and, shortly after Adele began studying with Alvienne, Fred joined her, creating the dance team of Fred and Adele Astaire , whi


The aim of which game, normally played on hard dirt or gravel, and also on grass, while standing with the feet together in a small circle, is to throw metal balls as close as possible to a small ball called a cochonnet?

Safety Bay Petanque, Western Australia Playing petanque is ... Easy ... Fun ... Social!!! Join us ... and get started Petanque is a great game for socialising and having a lot of fun, and can be played by anyone of any age. No need to bring anything as all equipment will be provided. Should you be interested in visiting or joining the club please contact us WHAT IS PETANQUE? Pétanque is a form of French boules where the aim is to throw metal balls as close as possible to a small wooden ball called a cochonnet (piglet) or jack. The game is normally played on hard dirt or gravel, but can also be played on grass or other surfaces. Similar games are bocce and bowls. The term pétanque comes from the Provençal  pés tanqués which means “Feet Together.” It is suitable for young and old and can be enjoyed by people with a wide range of disabilities. Today Pétanque is played in more than 40 countries with and enjoyed by several million players. “One of the easiest games to play … one of the hardest games to master!”


Which US holiday commemorates either a celebration by Spaniards on 8 September 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida, the arrival of 38 English settlers at Berkeley Hundred on 4 December 1619, or the Pilgrims activities in Plymouth in 1621?

San Francisco Edition -- November 27 -- December by Asian Journal Publications, Inc. - issuu NORTHERN CALIFORNIA w w w. a s i a n .com T h e F i l i p i n o A m e r i cA n c o m m u n iT y n e ws pAp e r Volume 14 - No. 48 • 3 Sections – 20 Pages 1001 Bayhill Drive, Suite 200, San Bruno, CA 94066 • Tel: (650) 616-4150 • Fax: (650) 616-4152 • www.asianjournal.com N oV e mbe r 2 7 - de c e mbe r 3 , 2 0 1 5 Also published in LOS ANGELES, ORANGE COUNTY/INLAND EMPIRE, LAS VEGAS, NEw YORk/NEw JERSEY Aquino hit for downplaying ‘tanim-bala’ scam DATELINE USA by Jeeferson from the AJPress NEWS TEAM AcroSS AMEricA Clinton proposes tax break for family caregivers DemoCrAtIC presidential candidate hillary Clinton on sunday, Nov. 22, proposed a new tax credit offsetting up to $6,000 in costs for middle-class families who care for their aging parents or grandparents and disabled family members. “We need to recognize the value of the work that caregivers give to all of us, both those who are paid and the great number who are unpaid,” Clinton told a crowd of more than 400 gathered at a town hall-style meeting in Iowa on sunday, Nov. 22, according to the Associated Press. PAGE A3 House passes bill to stop Syrian refugees the house of representatives swiftly passed a bill on thursday, Nov. 19, that would halt the admission of syrian refugees into the Us, suspending the program until key national security agencies can certify that they do not pose a security risk. the vote was 289-137, with 47 Democrats joining 242 republicans in favor of the bill, according to CNN. two republicans—reps. Walter Jones of North Carolina and steve King of Iowa—joined the 135 Democrats in voting against the legislation. PAGE A3 AntipordA, MichAel Joe delizo/ManilaTimes.net LAWmAKers on tuesday, Nov. 24 decried the attempt of President Benigno Aquino 3rd to downplay the tanim-bala extortion scheme at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) that victimized passengers, mostly elderly. senators ferdinand marcos Jr. and Cynthia Villar said the illegal activity should be addressed regardless of the number of victims. Aquino earlier said the issue was “sensationalized” to make it appear that the government is unable to put a stop to it. “It is unfortunate that instead of trying to get into the bottom of these allegations, the President chose to dismiss these outright with statistics and even defended the airport authorities,” marcos said in a statement. “this is not about statistics; this is about an entire life, career or future of an individual and their families ruined by an extortion scheme. one incident of “tanim-bala” is one incident too many,” he added. Villar said Gloria ortinez, one of those detained by authorities after a bullet was found in PAGE A2 Pres. Benigno Aquino III Obama struggles to keep focus on Asia US to host ASEAN leaders in 2016 Us President Barack obama voiced his determination to put Asia front and center in his foreign policy, even as a two-nation visit to the region was eclipsed by jihadist attacks in france and mali. America’s self-styled “Pacific President” has been frustrated to see a trip to malaysia and the Philippines designed to highlight his stated refocus on Asia overshadowed once again. After years of talking about the need to deepen trade, security and diplomatic ties with the region, White house officials had hoped the trip would be a victory lap. twelve countries recently agreed to obama’s trans-Pacific Partnership (tPP) trade pact, and the Us pledged to boost security assistance to its ally the Philippines, which is in a confrontation with China over maritime territory. During the weeklong Asia swing, obama has touted his years growing up in southeast Asia, vowed to become the first president to visit Laos, and chatted with audience members in Bahasa InPAGE A2 TANIM-BALA SCAM. What used to be a routine procedure at NAIA is now viewed with suspicion. The Philippine government vowed to make travelers feel safe again at Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) after an investigation was ordered into the “tanim bala” rac


The first of what event, organised by journalist Henri Desgrange in 1903, was won by Maurice Garin?

The First Race 1903 - Tour de France - YouTube The First Race 1903 - Tour de France Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 17, 2012 The tour de France is over 100 years old, and believe you me, the great tour has evolved since its beginnings. This is what the first tour looked like. In January 1903, Henri Desgrange, editor in chief of the newspaper "auto",a sports newspaper specialized in bike racing, announced the creation of the "greatest cycling event ever organized" that would take place between the 1st of june all the way through to the 5th of july. Unfortunately, the conditions were far too strenuous and the prizes too meagre and so on the eve of the start only 15 participants were signed up. This beign a little short of the "greatest cycling event ever organized", Henri Desgrange, decided to postpone the date of the start and to considerably increase the prize money. In the end, 60 cyclists shot off the starting line on july 1st in Montgeron in the southern districts of Paris in front of the now famous "reveil matin". The start was held in a suburb rather than paris, seeing as the police prefect for the seine, Louis Lepine had forbidden races in the capital city. While the race is far shorter today and contains no mountain stages, the conditions of the first tour were far more difficult. Participants had to finish a tour of 2 428 km in only 6 stages linking the main cities of france : paris, lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux and nantes. The Frenchman Maurice garin covered the distance between paris and lyon , over 467 km, in only 17 hours, 45 minutes and 44 seconds. The stages were so long and so difficult that racers were given a 3-days rest in between stages; Out of the 60 racers that began the race, only 21 of them finished it. On july 18th Muarice garin, having already won 2 stages, won the 6th and final stage of the race that linked nantes to paris, with a 3 hour lead against the racer in second place. The final sprint took place in Afray, a Parisian suburb and Maurice Garin beat out fernand Augereau and julien "Samson" lootens by a mere second. Maurice Garin finally won the Tour with 2 hours 49 minutes and 21 seconds ahead of the second place, Lucien Pothier. Nowadays, he still holds the record for largest gap between the first and second place; Arsene Millocheau would finish the race nearly 65 hours after the Maurice Garin. At the end of the race, the cyclists would go to the parc de princes for a ceremonial lap and to receive their prize. While the race was organized by a newspaper, the « auto », the journalist sent in order to cover the event Geo Lefebvre who incidentally was the one who came up with the idea for the race, only briefly covered the start and finish of the race, traveling between the cities where the stages occured. He even missed out on the arrival of Maurice garin, the winner of the first stage, in Lyon; This did not prevent the "auto" from bumping up its prints to over 40 000 copies The tour de france was actually a great success among the public and it is estimated that roughly 100 000 spectators were present during the arrival of the racers in the country side and around 20 000 spectators in Paris. Straight off its succes, the tour de France would be held again the following year and the winner would be once again Maurice garin. It wasn't until the third edition fo the tour that henri desgrange would shorten the stages so that the race would be less difficult. The history of the tour de france is vast and rich in detail, if you would like to find out more, click on the links down below for more videos. Find this and many other videos at


From 1781 until the adoption of the Constitution on 17 September 1787, the US government operated in terms of what document?

What is Constitution Day? By Robert Longley Updated January 02, 2017. Constitution Day – also called Citizenship Day is a U.S. federal government observance that honors the creation and adoption of the United States Constitution and all persons who have become U.S. citizens, through birth or naturalization . It is usually observed on September 17, the day in 1787 that the Constitution was signed by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania’s Independence Hall . On September 17, 1787, forty-two of the 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention held their final meeting. After four long, hot months of debates and compromises , like The Great Compromise of 1787 , only one item of business occupied the agenda that day, to sign the Constitution of the United States of America. Since May 25, 1787, the 55 delegates had gathered almost daily in the State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation as ratified in 1781. By the middle of June, it became apparent to the delegates that to merely amend the Articles of Confederation would not be sufficient. continue reading below our video What Is the Constitution? Instead, they would write an entirely new document designed to clearly define and separate the powers of the central government, the powers of the states , the rights of the people and how the representatives of the people should be elected. After being signed in September of 1787, Congress sent printed copies of the Constitution to the state legislatures for ratification. In the months that followed, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay would write the Federalist Papers in support, while Patrick Henry, Elbridge Gerry, and George Mason would organize the opposition to the new Constitution. By June 21, 1788, nine states had approved the Constitution, finally forming "a more perfect Union." No matter how much we argue about the details of its meaning today, in the opinion of many, the Constitution signed in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787 represents the greatest expression of statesmanship and compromise ever written. In just four hand-written pages, the Constitution gives us no less than the owners' manual to the greatest form of government the world has ever known. History of Constitution Day Public schools in Iowa are credited with first observing a Constitution Day in 1911. The Sons of the American Revolution organization liked the idea and promoted it through a committee that included such notable members as Calvin Coolidge, John D. Rockefeller, and World War I hero General John J. Pershing. Congress recognized the day as “"Citizenship Day” until 2004, when an amendment by West Virginia Senator Robert Byrd to the Omnibus spending bill of 2004, renamed the holiday “Constitution Day and Citizenship Day.” Sen. Byrd’s amendment also required all government funded schools and federal agencies, provide educational programming on the United States Constitution on the day. In May 2005, the United States Department of Education announced the enactment of this law and made it clear that it would apply to any school, public or private, receiving federal funds of any kind. Where Did ‘Citizenship Day’ Come From? The alternate name for Constitution Day – “Citizenship Day” – comes from the old “I am an American Day.” “I am an American Day” was inspired by Arthur Pine, the head of a publicity-public relations firm in New York City bearing his name. Reportedly, Pine got the idea for the day from a song titled “I am an American” featured in the New York World’s Fair in 1939. Pine arranged for the song to be performed on the NBC, Mutual, and ABC national TV and radio networks. The promotion so impressed President Franklin D. Roosevelt , declared “I am an American Day” an official day of observance. In 1940, Congress designated each third Sunday in May as “I am an American Day.” Observance of the day was widely promoted in 1944 – the last full year of World War II -- through a 16-minute Warner Brothers’ film short titled “ I Am an American ,” shown in t


What small green fish with blue reflections (due to a silver longitudinal stripe that runs from the base of the caudal fin) is found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans?

Reel and Grill: Kinilaw na Dilis (Anchovy Ceviche) Sunday, November 1, 2009 Kinilaw na Dilis (Anchovy Ceviche) Anchovies are small, common salt-water forage fish that belong to the family “Engraulidae”. There are about more than a hundred species found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Anchovies, usually classified as an oily fish are small green fish with blue reflections due to a silver longitudinal stripe that runs from the base of the caudal fin. Their sizes range from 2 centimeters (0.80 inches) to 40 centimeters (16 inches) in adult length. The body shape is relatively variable with more slender fish in northern populations. They eat plankton and fry or recently-hatched fish. They closely resemble with herrings and silverside in many aspects but their mouth is much larger. Fishermen and also anglers or sport fisherman like us, use anchovies or “dilis” as bait for larger fish such as tuna, sea bass and others. I have personally used them in successfully catching several varieties of grouper, mullet and other reef fishes. They are excellent bait but their soft body makes it quite difficult to use as they easily fall off when cast. Fresh and dried anchovies are a popular part of the cuisine in the Philippines. They are popularly known as “dilis” and are the most common ingredients in making “bagoong” or fish paste as well as “patis” or fish sauce as featured in my previous post . Whilst anchovy can be fried or stewed with natural souring agent and vegetables, it can also be prepared the “kinilaw” or “kilawin” way. “Kinilaw” is the basically the ceviche (a citrus-marinated seafood of Latin America) of the Philippines. Fish or any other seafood are marinated in vinegar and/or calamondin (“calamansi”) or lemon juice, added with onions and some other vegetables such as tomato and cucumber and spices such as ginger, chili and peppers and eaten technically raw (but actually cooked in vinegar). The variety of anchovy which work well with me as “kinilaw” is the one about 5 inches in length so that it’s easier to debone. While some eateries and restaurants preparing “kilawin dilis” usually serve them with bones especially if using smaller anchovies, I find them a bit difficult to eat. So for these preparation, I intended to use the biggest available in the market locally called “handella” here in Sri Lanka. We need about ½ kilo of the fresh fish. Being really fresh is one requirement of this dish. The laborious part of preparing this dish is the removal of bones, head and gut. This is manually done by carefully splitting the body in two and discarding the bone-tail-head and gut parts and washing the meat part in running water. Here is the sample of cleaned anchovy. Continue doing the process for all the remaining fish. One by one, slowly at first but you will develop speed as you get the hang of it. And you’ll be surprised that you already have this: Prepare all the other ingredients – ½ cup natural vinegar, 1 large onion, minced or chopped, 1 thumb-sized ginger, peeled and julienned, 3 pcs chili peppers sliced diagonally, 1 mild chili bell pepper, julienned, 1 tsp salt or to taste, ½ tsp ground pepper and ¼ cup juice of calamondin (“calamansi”) or lemon or lime. For Filipinos like me, calamondin is the best. Lemon and even more lime, often times leave a slightly bitter taste. You can add slices of cucumber as well if you like a “kinilaw” with more veggies. First, in a medium non-metal bowl, marinate the anchovies in vinegar for several minutes. Just until the meat becomes pale white in color suggesting it gets cooked by the vinegar action. All visible blood traces will also be eliminated during this process. Drained the fish meat properly and discard the vinegar. Apply slight pressure to the meat while draining to remove the excess vinegar from the meat. In a large mixing bowl, also non-metal, place the thoroughly drained anchovy. Add in all the other ingredients except citrus juice and slightly stir to mix everything. Pour the citrus juice and slightly stir once again. Don’t worry if it seems a little dry at first.


Harvard University is in which state of the USA?

Harvard University | university, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States | Britannica.com Harvard University university, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States Written By: Massachusetts Harvard University, oldest institution of higher learning in the United States (founded 1636) and one of the nation’s most prestigious. It is one of the Ivy League schools. The main university campus lies along the Charles River in Cambridge , Massachusetts , a few miles west of downtown Boston . Harvard’s total enrollment is about 20,000. Harvard’s history began when a college was established at New Towne , which was later renamed Cambridge for the English alma mater of some of the leading colonists. Classes began in the summer of 1638 with one master in a single frame house and a “college yard.” Harvard was named for a Puritan minister, John Harvard , who left the college his books and half of his estate. John Harvard, sculpture by Daniel Chester French; in front of University Hall, Harvard University, … © Sam Chadwick/Shutterstock.com At its inception Harvard was under church sponsorship, although it was not formally affiliated with any religious body. During its first two centuries the college was gradually liberated, first from clerical and later from political control, until in 1865 the university alumni began electing members of the governing board. During his long tenure as Harvard’s president (1869–1909), Charles W. Eliot made Harvard into an institution with national influence. The alumni and faculty of Harvard have been closely associated with many areas of American intellectual and political development. By the end of the 20th century, Harvard had educated six U.S. presidents—John Adams, John Quincy Adams , Rutherford B. Hayes , Theodore Roosevelt , Franklin D. Roosevelt , and John F. Kennedy—and a number of justices , cabinet officers, and congressional leaders. Literary figures among Harvard graduates include Ralph Waldo Emerson , Oliver Wendell Holmes , Henry David Thoreau , James Russell Lowell , Henry James , Henry Adams , T.S. Eliot, John Dos Passos , E.E. Cummings, Walter Lippmann , and Norman Mailer . Other notable intellectual figures who graduated from or taught at Harvard include the historians Francis Parkman , W.E.B. Du Bois, and Samuel Eliot Morison ; the astronomer Benjamin Peirce ; the chemist Wolcott Gibbs; and the naturalist Louis Agassiz . William James introduced the experimental study of psychology into the United States at Harvard in the 1870s. Similar Topics Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Harvard’s undergraduate school, Harvard College, contains about one-third of the total student body. The core of the university’s teaching staff consists of the faculty of arts and sciences, which includes the graduate faculty of arts and sciences. The university has graduate or professional schools of medicine, law, business, divinity, education, government, dental medicine, design, and public health. The schools of law, medicine, and business are particularly prestigious. Among the advanced research institutions affiliated with Harvard are the Museum of Comparative Zoology (founded in 1859 by Agassiz), the Gray Herbarium, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, the Arnold Arboretum , and the Fogg Art Museum . Also associated with the university are an astronomical observatory in Harvard, Massachusetts; the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Washington, D.C. , a centre for Byzantine and pre-Columbian studies; and the Harvard-Yenching Institute in Cambridge for research on East and Southeast Asia . The Harvard University Library is one of the largest and most important university libraries in the world. Baker Library at Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston. © Jorge Salcedo/Shutterstock.com Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Chris Szabla. Radcliffe College, one of the Seven Sisters schools, evolved from informal instruction offered to individual women or small groups of women by Harvard University faculty in the 1870s. In 1879 a faculty group called


"Which 20th century painter claimed to have invented a new technique called ""action painting"" and was called by the contemporary press ""Jack The Dripper""?"

History of Art: Art of the 20th Century Art of the 20th Century A Revolution in the Arts   (Encyclopaedia Britannica) Modern The term modern art has come to denote the innovating and even    revolutionary developments in Western painting and the other visual arts    since the second half of the 19th century. It embraces a wide variety of    movements, styles, theories, and attitudes, the modernity of which resides    in a common tendency to repudiate past conventions and precedents in    subject matter, mode of depiction, and painting technique alike. Not all    the painting of this period has made such a departure; representational    work, for example, has continued to appear, particularly in connection with    official exhibiting societies. Nevertheless, the idea that some current    types of painting are more properly of their time than are others, and for    that reason are more interesting or important, applies with particular    force to the painting of the last 150 years. By the mid-19th century, painting was no longer basically in service to    either the church or the court but rather was patronized by the upper and    middle classes of an increasingly materialistic and secularized Western    society. This society was undergoing rapid change because of the growth of    science and technology, industrialization, urbanization, and the    fundamental questioning of received religious dogmas. Painters were thus    confronted with the need to reject traditional, historical, or academic    forms and conventions in an effort to create an art that would better    reflect the changed social, material, and intellectual conditions of    emerging modern life. Another important, if indirect, stimulus to change    was the development from the early 19th century on of photography and    other photomechanical techniques, which freed (or deprived) painting and    drawing of their hitherto cardinal roles as the only available means of    accurately depicting the visual world. These manually executed arts were    thus no longer obliged to serve as the means of recording and    disseminating information as they once had been and were eventually freed    to explore aesthetically the basic visual elements of line, colour, tone,    and composition in a nonrepresentational context. Indeed, an important    trend in modern painting has been that of abstractionï¿½i.e., painting in    which little or no attempt is made to accurately depict the appearance or    form of objects in the realm of nature or the existing physical world. The    door of the objective world was thus closed, but the inner world of the    imagination offered seemingly infinite possibilities for exploration, as    did the manipulation of pigments on a flat surface for their purely    intrinsic visual or aesthetic appeal. The beginnings of modern painting cannot be clearly demarcated, but it is    generally agreed that it started in mid-19th-century France. The paintings    of Gustav Courbet, Edouard Manet, and the Impressionists represent a    deepening rejection of the prevailing academic traditions of Neoclassicism    and Romanticism and a quest for a more truthful naturalistic    representation of the visual world. The sepainters' Postimpressionist    successorsï¿½notably Paul Cï¿½zanne, Vincent van Gogh, Edgar Degas, and Paul    Gauguinï¿½can be viewed as more clearly modern in their repudiation of    traditional subject matter and techniques and in their assumption of a    more subjective and personal vision.From about the 1890s a succession of    varied styles and movements arose that are the core of modern painting and    are also one of the high points of the history of the Western visual arts    in general. These modern movements include Neo-Impressionism, Symbolism,    the Nabis, Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, Futurism, the Ashcan School, Suprematism, Constructivism, O


According to the Bible, who was the son of Isaac and Rebeckah, the twin brother to Esau, the husband of Leah and Rachel, and the father of Joseph?

Rebekah, Rebecca - All the Women of the Bible - Bible Gateway Scripture References— Genesis 22:23; 24; 25:20-28; 26:6-35; 27; 28:5; 29:12; 35:8; 49:31; Romans 9:6-16 Name Meaning—Rebekah is another name with an animal connection. Although not belonging to any animal in particular, it has reference to animals of a limited class and in a peculiar condition. The name means a “tie rope for animals” or “a noose” in such a rope. Its root is found in a noun meaning a “hitching place” or “stall” and is connected with a “tied-up calf or lamb,” a young animal peculiarly choice and fat. Applied to a female, the figure suggests her beauty by means of which men are snared or bound. Thus another meaning of Rebekah is that of “captivating.” If, then, Rebekah means “a noosed cord,” the loop was firmly around Isaac’s neck. When Isaac took her as his bride he forgot his grief for his dead mother, and lived happily with his wife for twenty years during which time they had no children. Family Connections—Rebekah is first mentioned in the genealogy of the descendants of Nahor, Abraham’s brother ( Genesis 22:20-24 ). When the pilgrims set out from the Ur of the Chaldees, Nahor was one of the party, and settled down at Charran where Terah, his father, died. Among Nahor’s sons was Bethuel who, by an unknown wife, became the father of Rebekah, the sister of Laban. Rebekah married Isaac the son of Abraham, by whom she had two sons, Esau and Jacob. The story of Isaac and Rebekah as a love lyric full of romance and tender beauty has been retold times without number, and is a charming record that never loses its appeal. Such an idyllic narrative is almost too familiar to need rehearsal, and too simple to require comment, yet because it constitutes one of the most romantic scenes in the Bible, its “moving scenes, so fresh and artless in their old world simplicity” have a pertinent appeal for present-day society. Ancient Bible histories with their arrestive characters and remarkable sequence of events and fortunes never fail to leave an indelible imprint on our hearts. The chapter recording how a wife was found for Isaac ( Genesis 24 ) presents a link in the chain of events leading up to— That far-off Divine event To which the whole creation moves. Through the marriage of Isaac and Rebekah, Abraham saw that day of Christ in which the church should become the Bride of Christ. Almost two millenniums after the days of the patriarch whom God spoke of as His “friend,” there were those who considered it a privilege to belong to the race having Abraham as its fountainhead. To be “a son of Abraham” or a lineal descendant of such a grand, great old divine was an honor, but Isaac enjoyed a still greater advantage for Abraham was his own natural father. What a rich dowry of blessing must have been Isaac’s because of such a close relationship. He had the inspiration of his father’s godliness, and the benefit of his prayers and wise counsels—even in the matter of securing the right kind of wife. Abraham’s opposition to idolatry is seen in his request that the partner for his son, Isaac, must not be “of the daughters of the Canaanites” ( 24:3 ). As he had refused a grave for his wife, Sarah, amongst the sepulchers of the Hittites ( Genesis 23 ), so a wife for their son must not be sought among their daughters. Thus it came about that Abraham’s trusted, godly servant, Eliezer, was divinely guided to Haran where Nahor, Abraham’s brother settled. Too feeble to make the journey himself, Abraham gave his servant the most careful instructions, and impressed upon him the solemn significance of his mission. Confident as to the result of the search for a suitable wife for Isaac, Abraham assured the earthly seeker that he would be guided by God’s angel. Eliezer, the intelligent, prudent, obedient and praying servant went forth. Seeking a sign of divine guidance, not to prove God’s faithfulness, but for his own direction in the choice of a woman of character as a wife for his master’s son, the servant came to Nahor’s well at Nahor, and saw in Rebekah who had come to draw wate