Who succeeded John Prescott as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in 2007?

Deputy Leaders of the Labour Party - Young Fabians Young Fabians Deputy Leaders of the Labour Party Deputy Leaders of the Labour Party by Alex Bjarnason Posted on 17 January, 2014 · Follow Alex on Twitter Deputy Leaders of the Labour Party have included some of the most important and interesting  figures in our movement's history. Throughout the year we will profile each of the 16 Deputy Leaders in separate blogposts. The first Deputy Leader was J.R. Clynes (1922-1932), a Fabian and Trade Unionist, who began working in a cotton mill when he was ten years old, helped form the Piercers' Union at seventeen years old, leading the Labour party in the 1922 elections before becoming Deputy Leader. In his final years as Deputy, Clynes shared the position with Scottish MP William Graham (1931-1932). Clement Attlee (1932-1935), Herbert Morrison (1945-1955) and Aneurin Bevan (1959-1960), three big beasts integral to implementing the welfare state, each served as Deputy Leader, with Attlee going on to became Leader and later Prime Minister. They were joined as Deputy by Arthur Greenwood (1935-1945), a working class intellectual and fierce opponent of Nevile Chamberlain's policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany, and Jim Griffiths (1955-1959), the first Secretary of State for Wales. Following Aneurin Bevan’s death in 1960, George Brown (1960-1970) became Deputy. Born into a working class family in South London, Brown left school at 15, became an organiser in the trade union movement, and went on to be Foreign Secretary. He was replaced by the Welsh son of a coal miner Roy Jenkins (1970-1972), who served as Home Secretary, and later left the Labour Party to form the Socialist Democratic Party. After Jenkins, Edward Short (1972-1976) was voted new Deputy. A proud northerner and party loyalist, he introduced statutory funding of opposition parties ("Short money") as leader of the House of Commons . Afterwards, the Deputy Leadership was held by Michael Foot (1976-1980), a gifted intellectual, journalist and writer who became leader and led the party to one of its worst electoral defeats in 1983. His election manifesto was dubbed “the longest suicide note in history” for its advocacy of nuclear disarmament, withdrawal from the European Economic Community, and introduction of a minimum wage. Foot was succeeded by Denis Healey (1980-1983), a Yorkshireman who became a communist party member and fought for 5 years with the Royal Engineers in World War II. During the war, Healey left the communists, joined Labour upon his return, and after entering parliament in 1952 had long periods as Deputy Leader, Chancellor, Defence Secretary, and was a member of the Fabian Society executive. He was replaced by the prolific writer and journalist Roy Hattersley (1983-1992), whose 9 years as Deputy were spent entirely in opposition. Labour elected Margaret Beckett (1992-1994) as their first female Deputy Leader. A scientist by training, she became Acting Leader following the death of John Smith, was Britain's first female Foreign Secretary, and a minister for both Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. Beckett was followed by John Prescott (1994-2007), who worked in the Merchant Navy and was a trade union official before entering parliament. He was the Labour's longest serving Deputy Leader, and Deputy Prime Minister between 1997-2007. The current Deputy Leader, Harriet Harman (2007-Present), was a successful solicitor and worked for Liberty before becoming an MP. She became Secretary of State for Social Security in 1997, was sacked but returned to government as Solicitor General for England and Wales between 2001-2005. Harman was Acting Leader following Gordon Brown's resignation, and is currently Shadow Secretary for Culture, Media and Sport. Do you like this post?


Which English writer, best known for his detective fiction, published a fantasy novel entitled 'The Man Who Was Thursday' in 1908?

The Man Who Was Thursday Essay - The Man Who was Thursday - eNotes.com The Man Who Was Thursday Essay - The Man Who was Thursday The Man Who was Thursday G. K. Chesterton The following entry presents criticism of Chesterton's novel The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare (1908). Often regarded as Chesterton's finest novel, The Man Who Was Thursday mixes elements of parable, spy fiction, and romantic fantasy as it follows the poet-detective Gabriel Syme on a mission to apprehend a mysterious anarchist known only as Sunday. Seen as humorous, bizarre, and at times diffuse by critics, the work is framed as Syme's dream-adventure and explores the existence of evil and the role of faith in the modern, materialistic world. An early work of Chesterton's, the novel invokes themes common to his writings throughout his career, including meditations on the wonder of life and the limits of human reason. In addition, The Man Who Was Thursday is said to be Chesterton's attack on the prevalent pessimism of his age, and an appeal for renewed optimism based on religious conviction. Plot and Major Characters The Man Who Was Thursday opens in the fictional London suburb of Saffron Park. Here two young poets, Lucian Gregory and Gabriel Syme, debate the relative merits of anarchy versus order. Syme, an undercover detective called upon to infiltrate the Central Anarchist Council, a secret group of seven men who plan to destroy the world, dupes Gregory into leading him deeper into the society. Managing to win the post of Thursday—one of the seven positions in the Council, each of which is named after a day of the week—Syme is brought before its remaining six members the following morning. Sunday—an imposing man of almost inhumanly large proportions—presides over the group, a motley assortment of villains: the Secretary of the Council (Monday) with his twisted smile, a hairy Pole named Gogol (Tuesday), the decadent Marquis de St Eustache (Wednesday), the almost corpse-like Professor de Worms (Friday), and a dark young physician called Dr Bull (Saturday). After some discussion of a plan to assassinate the Russian Czar and the President of the French Republic in Paris three days hence, Sunday exposes Gogol as a fraud—who, unbeknownst to Syme, was also working for Scotland Yard. Sunday, concerned that there might be a further breach of secrecy, leaves the details of the bombing to Dr Bull and the Marquis. Following the meeting Professor de Worms tracks down Syme and explains that he too is a police agent, and the two join forces only to learn that Dr Bull is likewise an undercover detective. The trio then travel to France, where Syme engages the Marquis in a duel in order to prevent him from reaching Paris and bombing the world leaders. After some swordplay the Frenchman removes his mask and introduces himself as Ratcliffe, a detective like the others. Meanwhile beset upon by Monday and a gang of masked men, a lengthy chase ensues until the Secretary catches Syme and his companions and reveals his own police credentials. Gogol soon joins the group, and all six men return to England in order to capture Sunday. The president eludes his pursuers, however, escaping by cab, elephant, and hot-air balloon. When the flight ends at Sunday's house the narrative takes on an even more fantastic tone as the six detectives are treated to the president's hospitality. After resting they are asked to clothe themselves in costumes that represent each of the six days of Biblical creation. The bewildered men are then brought before Sunday. In answer to their queries about who he really is, he replies, "I am the Sabbath.… I am the peace of God." Soon after, Syme awakes from this vision and finds himself again in Saffron Park. Dawn is breaking and he is still walking with Gregory, conversing as they had been before. Major Themes Many critics find the key to The Man Who Was Thursday in Syme's shifting perceptions of Sunday. The detective initially experiences a vague sense of evil in the presence of this enigmatic figure, but this foreboding is later replaced with an awed


Which Australian state capital was named after the man who was Governor of New South Wales 1821-25?

Australian Cities, States and Territories - Tourism Australia Add Share Mainland Australia is the world’s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories.   What are Australia's cities, states and territories? Mainland Australia is the world’s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories. Australian Capital Territory The  Australian Capital Territory  (ACT) bounds the national capital of  Canberra  and is the centre of government. The Australian Capital Territory is located approximately 290 kilometres (180 miles) south of Sydney, and is home to a number of important national institutions, including Parliament House, the Australian War Memorial and the National Gallery of Australia. New South Wales New South Wales  (NSW) is Australia’s oldest and most populous state. New South Wales was originally settled as a penal colony on the shores of Port Jackson where the bustling capital city of  Sydney  now stands. Sydney is the nation’s largest city and is renowned for its idyllic beaches, great walks and world-class dining. New South Wales is also home to popular attractions including the Blue Mountains and the Hunter Valley wine region.  Northern Territory At the top end of Australia lies the  Northern Territory  (NT).  Darwin , on the northern coast, is the capital, and  Alice Springs  is the principal inland town. Alice Springs is the physical heart of Australia, almost exactly at the nation's geographical centre. The Northern Territory is home to the famous  Uluru  (Ayers Rock),  Kata Tjuta  (the Olgas) and  Kakadu National Park .   Queensland Queensland  (QLD) is Australia’s second-largest state (in size) and is home to the world famous  Great Barrier Reef , the world’s most extensive subtropical rainforest and the beautiful Queensland Islands – including the World Heritage-listed  Fraser Island .  Brisbane  is the state’s capital; it enjoys more winter sunshine and warmth than most Australian cities and is perfect for outdoor activities and water sports. South Australia South Australia  (SA) sits in the southern central part of the country, and covers some of the most arid parts of the continent. The state’s capital is  Adelaide  and is a great base for exploring the  Barossa  wineries, the  Flinders Ranges  and  Kangaroo Island . South Australia has a thriving arts scene and is known as the ‘Festival State’, with more than 500 events and festivals taking place there each year.  Tasmania Tasmania  (TAS) is separated from mainland Australia by the Bass Strait and is the smallest state in Australia. The capital,  Hobart , was founded in 1804 as a penal colony, and is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. One-fifth of Tasmania is covered by national parks and wilderness – abundant in driving routes and walking trails – and it is one of the world’s most mountainous islands.  Victoria Victoria  (VIC) is the smallest of the mainland states in size but is home to the country’s second most populated city,  Melbourne . Often referred to as the nation’s cultural capital, Melbourne is famed for its graffiti laneways, fashion-forward boutiques and booming café scene. Victorians' enthusiasm for sport is also legendary and this is where  Australian Rules football  began. The only thing more sacred than  the footy  is Melbournians love of coffee, and here you’ll find some of Australia’s best flat whites, cappuccinos and piccolo lattes.  Western Australia Western Australia  (WA) is Australia’s largest state and is a place of true contrasts: from desert in the east to 13,000 kilometres of pristine coastline on the west. The state’s capital is  Perth ; the fourth most populous city in Australia and famed for its uncrowded beaches, parklands and fresh seafood. Off the coast of Esperance, in the state’s south, is Middle Island, which is home to the extraordinary pink-coloured  Lake Hillier . Australia also administers Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (or Keeling) Islands, the Coral S


In which month of 1805 was the Battle of Trafalgar fought?

Battle of Trafalgar - Oct 21, 1805 - HISTORY.com Battle of Trafalgar Publisher A+E Networks In one of the most decisive naval battles in history, a British fleet under Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, fought off the coast of Spain. At sea, Lord Nelson and the Royal Navy consistently thwarted Napoleon Bonaparte, who led France to preeminence on the European mainland. Nelson’s last and greatest victory against the French was the Battle of Trafalgar, which began after Nelson caught sight of a Franco-Spanish force of 33 ships. Preparing to engage the enemy force on October 21, Nelson divided his 27 ships into two divisions and signaled a famous message from the flagship Victory: “England expects that every man will do his duty.” In five hours of fighting, the British devastated the enemy fleet, destroying 19 enemy ships. No British ships were lost, but 1,500 British seamen were killed or wounded in the heavy fighting. The battle raged at its fiercest around the Victory, and a French sniper shot Nelson in the shoulder and chest. The admiral was taken below and died about 30 minutes before the end of the battle. Nelson’s last words, after being informed that victory was imminent, were “Now I am satisfied. Thank God I have done my duty.” Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar ensured that Napoleon would never invade Britain. Nelson, hailed as the savior of his nation, was given a magnificent funeral in St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. A column was erected to his memory in the newly named Trafalgar Square, and numerous streets were renamed in his honor. Related Videos


In which castle was Mary Queen of Scots executed?

The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, 1587 The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, 1587 Printer Friendly Version >>> Mary's troubles began six days after her birth in 1542. It was on that day that her father, King James V of Scotland, died and the infant was declared Queen of the Scots. She was immediately thrust into a caldron of political turmoil containing a broiling mix of the long-standing enmity between Scotland and England, the fragility of the Tudor succession to the English throne, England's rivalry with France, and the religious violence between Catholics and Protestants. Young Mary As the great-granddaughter of England's Henry VII, Mary was next in line to the crown of England after Henry VIII's children - Edward, Mary and Elizabeth. The Scots attempted to remove the threat posed to Henry's succession by pledging the new-born Mary to marriage with his son Edward. This plan soon self-destructed, however, and the Scots turned to their old ally (and England's old enemy) France. Mary was sent there at age six for her upbringing and education. The 18-year-old Mary (now a confirmed Catholic) returned to Scotland in 1561 to reign as Queen of her subjects (now confirmed Protestants). Contrary to all expectations, Queen and subjects initially achieved an accommodation. However, this situation quickly deteriorated. In 1565 Mary married her first cousin Henry, Lord Darnley and gave birth to a son - James - the following year. In 1567, her husband was murdered and Mary quickly married the Scottish Earl of Bothwell an action that outraged the Scottish nobility who promptly imprisoned Mary and forced her to abdicate her throne to her one-year-old son, James. The following year Mary escaped from her prison but was forced to flee across  the border with England after the defeat of her supporters at the Battle of  Langside, near Glasgow, on May 13. Instead of the refuge she anticipated, Mary  was immediately  imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth and spent the next 19 years shuffling from castle  to castle while her cousin deliberated what to do with her. Mary became a lighting  rod for plots and rumored plots against Elizabeth. Finally, in 1587, Elizabeth  was persuaded to end the threat to her throne once and for all and ordered  Mary's execution. "No, no, Madam you must die, you must die!" Mary's execution took place at Fotheringhay Castle. Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantome was a member of the French nobility who accompanied Mary during her internment. He provides us with a sympathetic account of Mary's execution that begins with the arrival of a delegation from Queen Elizabeth announcing that the former Queen of the Scots is to be executed the next day: ADVERTISMENT "On February 7, 1587, the representatives of the English Queen, reached the Castle of Fotheringay, where the Queen of Scotland was confined at that time, between two and three o'clock in the afternoon. In the presence of her jailer, Paulet, they read their commission regarding the execution of the prisoner, and said that they would proceed with their task the next morning between seven and eight o'clock. The jailer was then ordered to have everything in readiness. Without betraying any astonishment, the Queen thanked them for their good news, saying that nothing could be more welcome to her, since she longed for an end to her miseries, and had been prepared for death ever since she had been sent as a prisoner to England. However, she begged the envoys to give her a little time in which to make herself ready, make her will, and place her affairs in order. It was within their power and discretion to grant these requests. The Count of Shrewsbury replied rudely: 'No, no, Madam you must die, you must die! Be ready between seven and eight in the morning. It cannot be delayed a moment beyond that time.' " "Please help me mount this. This is the last request I shall make of you." Mary spent the rest of the day and the early hours of the next morning writing farewell letters to friends and relatives, saying goodbye to her ladies-in-waiting, and praying. We rej


Which singer was shot dead by his father in 1984?

Marvin Gaye is shot and killed by his own father - Apr 01, 1984 - HISTORY.com Marvin Gaye is shot and killed by his own father Share this: Marvin Gaye is shot and killed by his own father Author Marvin Gaye is shot and killed by his own father URL Publisher A+E Networks At the peak of his career, Marvin Gaye was the Prince of Motown—the soulful voice behind hits as wide-ranging as “How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)” and “Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology).” Like his label-mate Stevie Wonder, Gaye both epitomized and outgrew the crowd-pleasing sound that made Motown famous. Over the course of his roughly 25-year recording career, he moved successfully from upbeat pop to “message” music to satin-sheet soul, combining elements of Smokey Robinson, Bob Dylan and Barry White into one complicated and sometimes contradictory package. But as the critic Michael Eric Dyson put it, the man who “chased away the demons of millions…with his heavenly sound and divine art” was chased by demons of his own throughout his life. That life came to a tragic end on this day 1984, when Marvin Gaye was shot and killed by his own father one day short of his 45th birthday. If the physical cause of Marvin Gaye’s death was straightforward—”Gunshot wound to chest perforating heart, lung and liver,” according to the Los Angeles County Coroner—the events that led to it were much more tangled. On the one hand, there was the longstanding conflict with his father dating back to childhood. Marvin Gay, Sr., (the “e” was added by his son for his stage name) was a preacher in the Hebrew Pentecostal Church and a proponent of a strict moral code he enforced brutally with his four children. He was also, by all accounts, a hard-drinking cross-dresser who personally embodied a rather complicated model of morality. By some reports, Marvin Sr. harbored significant envy over his son’s tremendous success, and Marvin Jr. clearly harbored unresolved feelings toward his abusive father. Those feelings spilled out for the final time in the Los Angeles home of Marvin Gay, Sr., and his wife Alberta. Their son the international recording star had moved into his parents’ home in late 1983 at a low point in his struggle with depression, debt and cocaine abuse. Only one year removed from his first Grammy win and from a triumphant return to the pop charts with “Sexual Healing,” Marvin Gaye was in horrible physical, psychological and financial shape, and now he found himself living in the same house as the man who must have been at the root of many of his struggles. After an argument between father and son escalated into a physical fight on the morning of April 1, 1984, Alberta Gay was trying to calm her son in his bedroom when Marvin Sr. took a revolver given to him by Marvin Jr. and shot him three times in his chest. Marvin Gaye’s brother, Frankie, who lived next door, and who held the legendary singer during his final minutes, later wrote in his memoir that Marvin Gaye’s final, disturbing statement was, “I got what I wanted….I couldn’t do it myself, so I made him do it.” Related Videos


"Which Shakespearean character said ""Cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war""?"

The dogs of war - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes The dogs of war And Caesar's spirit, raging for revenge, With Ate by his side come hot from hell, Shall in these confines with a monarch's voice Cry "Havoc!" and let slip the dogs of war, That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial. Read on Owl Eyes This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. Since Julius Caesar's assassination, his right-hand man Marc Antony has had to resort to veiled ironies in putting his own case to the public [see FRIENDS, ROMANS, COUNTRYMEN, LEND ME YOUR EARS ]. Privately, he rages. As he prepares to strike back at the assassins, Antony invokes Caesar's spirit and Ate, goddess of ruin and strife. Hot from hell—the pagan catch-all for both the blessed and the damned—Caesar and Ate will charge in with dogs of war, visiting havoc on the conspirators. (The dogs in a sense personify—or "caninify"—war.) At least, these are Antony's superheated imaginings; the final destruction of Brutus and Cassius will have more to do with their bad consciences and tactical errors. "Cry 'Havoc,'" which also surfaces in King John , is derived from the Old French "crier havot"—to send out the signal to begin pillaging. Latter-day usage of "cry havoc" follows Shakespeare in the figurative sense of "call down destruction."


Which famous soprano is married to the conductor Richard Bonynge?

Joan Sutherland, celebrated opera singer, dies aged 83 | Culture | The Guardian Joan Sutherland, celebrated opera singer, dies aged 83 Tributes paid to Australian soprano, known in her heyday as 'la stupenda', whose career spanned four decades Joan Sutherland pictured in 2004. Antonio Pappano, music director of the Royal Opera House, described her as 'one of the true greats. Photograph: J Scott Applewhite/AP Charlotte Higgins , chief arts writer Monday 11 October 2010 13.27 EDT First published on Monday 11 October 2010 13.27 EDT Close This article is 6 years old Joan Sutherland , the opera star known in her heyday as 'la stupenda', and Maria Callas's successor as the most celebrated soprano in the world, has died at her home in Switzerland, aged 83. Sutherland shot to fame in 1959 in Franco Zeffirelli's production of Lucia di Lammermoor , with its famous mad scene. By then, she had been singing at the Royal Opera House since 1952, and continued to do so until her last production, Donizetti's Anna Bolena, in 1988. She was also a mentor and friend to the young Luciano Pavarotti . Sutherland, who was born in Sydney in 1926, married the Australian conductor Richard Bonynge in 1954. With his guidance, she began to specialise in the Italian bel canto repertoire, especially Donizetti, Bellini and Verdi roles such as Violetta in La Traviata. Antonio Pappano, the music director of the Royal Opera House, paid tribute. "I had the opportunity to work with Joan on two occasions: [Francesco Cilea's] Adriana Lecouvreur – I was the lowly prompter – and Anna Bolena. She actually was 'stupenda'. A lovely human being who could sing anybody off the stage – and I mean anybody. What she did for bel canto music and its technique cannot be underestimated. We have lost one of the true greats." Author and music blogger Norman Lebrecht described her as a "simple, friendly woman, happiest in a dressing room with a magazine and her knitting. She avoided tantrums, had no airs and graces, and in retirement shunned the limelight. For all her unassuming personal modesty, her voice defined an operatic era." Ahead of a Guardian interview in 2002 , which was to take place at the Royal Opera House, she said: "I don't think anyone remembers me there now." Fortunately she was quite wrong: she was stopped by staff members asking for her autograph as she walked through the building.


Which 14th century slang term for going insane is derived from the name of an army camp near Mumbai?

List and Etymology of Indian Words in English | ILU English Lesson Plans & Ideas List and Etymology of Indian Words in English Indian words in English, popularly known as Anglo-Indian words, form a major category among the foreign words in English Language. Most of the Indian words in English crept into the English language during the British rule of India. These Indian words reflect the cultural diversity of India and are from different languages. Anglo Indian words in English language can be divided into three main categories: Sanskrit Words in English: Most of the Indian words in English have an etymological connection to Sanskrit. But it has to be noted that very few of the English words of Sanskrit origin have entered the English language directly. Most of them came into English from their transformed versions in Hindi, Urdu, Bengali or Marathi. Hindi and Urdu Words in English:  English words of Hindi origin form the major category of Indian words in English even though most of them are derived from Sanskrit. Tamil and Malayalam Words in English: Most of the English words relating to South Indian life and culture came into the English language from Tamil and Malayalam. Many of them were first adopted into Portuguese and French. From these languages they gradually entered the English language. The following is an extensive list of Indian words in English. Search by word or language to find the meaning and etymology of Indian words in English. Word from Bengali adda, a group of people a place where people of same interests gather for conversation. Ahimsa  from Sanskrit ahimsa, which means "not-harmful". alvar sink, be absorbed (as in contemplation) Ambarella  from Sanskrit: ambarella, a kind of tree. Entered English through Sinhalese Amrita  from Sanskrit amrutam, nectar of everlasting life. anaconda possibly from Tamil  yaanai kondra, "that which killed an elephant".The word may have entered English through Sinhalese henakandaya, "whipsnake". anicut from Tamil  anaikattu, ("anai"=dam, "kattu"=building/structure) Aniline  from Sanskrit  nili. Entered English through German: Anilin, French: Aniline and Portuguese: Anil from Arabic  al-nili and Persian  nila, Apadravya  from Sanskrit apadravya which refers to a male genital piercing where a barbell passes through the penis. Mentioned in Indian literature in theKama Sutra ape from the Tamil word for a monkey, kapi, i.e., swift, nimble, active. It was first transformed to api and later to 'ape' arhat from Sanskrit arhat which means "deserving". Aryan  from Sanskrit  Arya-s "noble, honorable". Entered English through Latin Ariana, from Greek  Areia. Asana  from Sanskrit  asana which means "seat", a term describing yoga postures. Ashram  from Sanskrit  asrama, a religious hermitage. Atman from Sanskrit atman meaning "essence". Atoll  from Sanskrit  antala. Probably entered English through Maldivean: Aubergine  from Sanskrit  vatigagama, meaning aubergine or eggplant in American English. Probably entered English through Catalan alberginera, via Arabic ( al-badinjan) and Persian ( badin-gan) ultimately Avatar  from Tamil "avataram" and Sanskrit  avatara, which means "descent". Refers to the human incarnation of God . Thus, Krishna and Rama were two of the ten avatars of Vishnu. Ayurveda  from Sanskrit  ayurveda, which means "knowledge of life". baboo from Hindi babu, meaning "father"  Bahasa from Sanskrit  bahuvrihih, a composite word, meaning 'much rice.' Bandanna  from Hindi Bandhna,() which means to 'tie-dye,' a mode of dyeing in which the cloth is tied in different places, to prevent the parts tied from receiving the dye.  A bright yellow or red silk handkerchief with diamond shaped spots left white while dyeing. bandy from the Tamil word 'vandy' which means 'vehicle'. ox-cart from Hindi Bangri , a ring of coloured glass worn on the wrist by women. Banyan  from Hindi baniyaa and Sanskrit  vanij, which means "a merchant". Basmati  from Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit  vasa, meaning 'fragrant' Batik  A textile dyeing technique in which areas not to be dyed are coated with


Who wrote the 1798 treatise 'An Essay on the Principle of Population'?

Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population Leave a comment Inferno's Symbols By Florence Inferno The problem of global overpopulation is one of the main threads of Dan Brown’s Inferno . In the book, a particularly important role in the definition of the problem is played by the theory elaborated in this regard by Reverend Malthus in the eighteenth century. Thomas Robert Malthus was an English economist and demographer. He was born in 1766 into a wealthy family: his father was a personal friend of the philosopher David Hume and was in contact with Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The young Malthus was educated at Jesus College in Cambridge. After graduation, he chose a religious career and in 1797 was ordained an Anglican pastor. He died in the famous spa town of Bath in 1834. In 1798, he published his most famous treatise, An Essay on the Principle of Population, which was first published anonymously by Joseph Johnson. In 1830, thirty-two years after the first edition, Malthus published a condensed version entitled A Summary View on the Principle of Population, which included remarks in response to criticism of the main book. In his essay, Malthus wrote, Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio. Subsistence increases only in an arithmetical ratio. A slight acquaintance with numbers will show the immensity of the first power in comparison of the second. The only remedy for society could be to control the birthrate and agriculture with very strict and repressive policies. Both the so-called “Malthusian catastrophe theory” and the remedies that the pastor proposed have naturally been criticized, which includes both early and late responses. We just want to mention what the American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson said. He professed that Malthus, stating that mouths multiply geometrically and food only arithmetically, forgot that the human mind is also a factor in political economy, and the growing needs of society would be met by the growing power of invention.


In which month of 1815 was the Battle of Waterloo fought?

The Battle of Waterloo 18th June 1815 War: Napoleonic Wars Date: 18th June 1815 "Scotland for ever!"  Lady Butler's iconic picture of the Charge of the Royal Scots Greys, 2nd Dragoons, as part of the Union Brigade at the Battle of Waterloo. Place: South of Brussels in Belgium Combatants: British, Germans, Belgians, Dutch and Prussians      against the French Grande Armée Generals: The Duke of Wellington, Marshal Blucher and the   Prince of Orange against the Emperor Napoleon Size of the armies: 23,000 British troops with 44,000 allied   troops and 160 guns against 74,000 French troops and 250 guns. Winner: The British, Germans, Belgians, Dutch and Prussians The Duke of Wellington and officers and soldiers of the Allied army at the end of the Battle of Waterloo.  Prince William of Orange lies wounded on the stretcher: picture by Jan Willem Pieneman in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam British Regiments present at the battle: 1st Life Guards now the Life Guards 2nd Life Guards now the Life Guards Royal Horse Guards now the Blues and Royals King’s Dragoon Guards now the Queen’s Dragoon Guards Royal Dragoons now the Blues and Royals Royal Scots Greys now the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 6th Inniskilling Dragoons later the 5th Inniskilling Dragoon Guards      and now the Royal Dragoon Guards 7th Hussars later the Queen’s Own Hussars and now the Queen’s Royal      Hussars 10th Hussars later the Royal Hussars and now the King’s Royal Hussars 11th Hussars later the Royal Hussars and now the King’s Royal Hussars 12th Light Dragoons now the 9th/12th Lancers 13th Light Dragoons later the 13th/18th King’s Royal Hussars and now      the Light Dragoons 15th Light Dragoons later the 15th/19th Hussars and now the Light      Dragoons 16th Light Dragoons later the 16th/5th Lancers and now the Queen’s      Royal Lancers 18th Light Dragoons later the 13th/18th King’s Royal Hussars and now      the Light Dragoons Royal Artillery 1st Foot Guards now the Grenadier Guards 2nd Coldstream Guards 3rd Foot Guards now the Scots Guards 1st Foot now the Royal Scots 4th King’s Own Regiment of Foot now the King’s Own Royal Border      Regiment 14th Foot later the West Yorkshire Regiment and now the Prince of      Wales’s Own Regiment of Yorkshire 23rd Royal Welch Fusiliers 27th Foot, the Inniskilling Fusiliers and now the Royal Irish Regiment 28th Foot later the Gloucestershire Regiment and now the Royal      Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment 30th Foot later the East Lancashire Regiment and now the Queen’s      Lancashire Regiment 32nd Foot later the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry and now the      Light Infantry 33rd Foot the Duke of Wellington’s Regiment 40th Foot later the South Lancashire Regiment and now the Queen’s      Lancashire Regiment 42nd Highlanders now the Black Watch (the Royal Highland Regiment) 44th Foot later the Essex Regiment and now the Royal Anglian Regiment 51st Light Infantry later the King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry and      now the Light Infantry 52nd Light Infantry later the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire        Light Infantry and now the Royal Green Jackets 69th Foot later the Welsh Regiment and now the Royal        Regiment of Wales 71st Highland Light Infantry now the Royal Highland Fusiliers 73rd Highlanders the Black Watch 79th Highlanders later the Queen’s Own Cameron Highlanders, then        the Queen’s Own Highlanders and now the Highlanders 92nd Highlanders the Gordon Highlanders and now the Highlanders 95th Rifles later the Rifle Brigade and now the Royal Green        Jackets British Cavalry Charge Background to the battle: In 1814, twenty five years of war finally came to an end with the      surrender of the Emperor Napoleon and his banishment to the      Mediterranean island of Elba. The European powers began the task of      restoring their continent to normality and peace. The Emperor Napoleon at Waterloo On 1st March 1815 Napoleon escaped from Elba and


Who was appointed deputy to Ian Paisley at the Northern Ireland assembly at Stormont in May 2007?

Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness to be sworn in as first and deputy first ministers of Northern Ireland | UK news | The Guardian Share on Messenger Close The Rev Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness today became Northern Ireland's first minister and deputy first minister at the start of a new era of power-sharing in the province. With the prime minister, Tony Blair, the Irish taoiseach, Bertie Ahern, and other VIPs watching in the public gallery of the Northern Ireland assembly, the Democratic Unionist leader and the former IRA commander swept aside decades of enmity as they were sworn into office. After the ceremony Mr Paisley and Mr McGuiness shared tea with the two prime ministers in front of the world's press. Mr Paisley joked with Mr Blair that he was just about to take office in his 80s, while Mr Blair was about to stand down. He was also heard to remark: "I wonder why people hate me so much, as I'm such a nice man." Mr Paisley and Mr McGuinness were appointed without applause after a request by the new Speaker, William Hay, for a mark of respect for the late George Dawson, who was the Democratic Unionist party's MLA for East Antrim. The nomination of Mr Paisley and Mr McGuinness set in train the nomination of 10 other devolved ministers to head government departments in the province and that of two junior ministers. Mr Paisley's Democratic Unionists will head four ministries while Sinn Fein will control three. First to be appointed was the DUP's Peter Robinson, as finance and personnel minister. The return of power-sharing between unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland has lessons for other conflicts around the world, Mr Blair insisted today. Speaking just before the ceremony, Mr McGuinness said it marked "a fundamental change of approach, with parties moving forward together to build a better future for the people that we represent". The Northern Ireland secretary, Peter Hain, hailed the new "chemistry" between Mr McGuinness and his political rival, the Rev Ian Paisley . Mr Hain said: "There's been more preparation for this moment between the DUP and Sinn Féin, between Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness and their ministerial party colleagues than ever before, and that's what fills me with optimism - not just that the darkness and horror of the past are now behind us but that there is a real prospect of this government working." It was extraordinary "given that until a few weeks ago they had never passed a word between each other - even walking down the corridor at Stormont, the DUP would not acknowledge a republican", Mr Hain said. "I don't think there is any way back. I can't conceive of a request for direct rule again from London ever to be made from Northern Ireland's politicians, any more than I could see Wales or Scotland making that request. "We really are at the dawn of a new democratic future." Mr Paisley and Mr McGuinness will head an administration of 10 ministers and two junior ministers drawn from the DUP, Sinn Féin, the Ulster Unionists and the nationalist Social Democratic and Labour party. The agreement marks an extraordinary change in the relationship between Mr Paisley and Mr McGuinness, who were once the fiercest of enemies but have been sharing jokes in the past few weeks in advance of power-sharing. Both Mr Paisley, 81, and Mr McGuinness, 56, have spent time behind bars in their extremist pasts. Mr Paisley was jailed in 1969 for leading an illegal demonstration against Catholic marchers who were demanding equal rights in voting, housing and employment. His strident, stubborn invective fanned the flames of Protestant mob violence and helped to delay by decades today's historic compromise. Mr McGuinness served two short sentences in the 1970s for IRA membership - and spent many more years on the run while serving in the IRA's ruling "army council". The Guardian's Northern Ireland correspondent, Owen Bowcott, said: "The personal chemistry between the two seems to be very good. Martin McGuinness says that he calls Ian Paisley 'Ian', Mr Paisley says he calls McGuinness 'deputy'. He added: "Pai


Liesel Meminger is the name of the eponymous character in which recent best-selling novel?

The Book Thief (Literature) - TV Tropes The Book Thief You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share ''It's just a small story really, about, among other things: *A girl *And quite a lot of thievery I saw the book thief three times. — Death , from the prologue Set in WWII-era Germany, The Book Thief tells the story of a twelve year old girl called Liesel Meminger, the eponymous book thief, living with her foster parents, Hans and Rosa Hubermann. This book is entirely narrated from the perspective of Death— who has surprisingly witty and dry sense of humor (and uses beautiful metaphors a lot). Written by Markus Zusak. A film adaptation was released in 2013, starring Sophie Nélisse as Liesel and Geoffrey Rush and Emily Watson as the Hubermanns. Keep some tissues handy. This work provides examples of: Adaptation Distillation : What did you expect? The movie cut out some lesser elements from the book, and the main plotlines featured in the film were simplified. It also cut a few of the minor characters out. Most notably, Franz Deutcher had a much larger role in the film, it being a compression of several minor characters. Almost Kiss : Liesel to Rudy when they're celebrating his birthday in his father's shop. The Atoner : Ilsa Hermann is a version of this, never lighting fires, always opening windows, constantly living in a cold, dreary house because of how her son froze to death. Aww, Look! They Really Do Love Each Other : Even though Hans and Rosa are locked in The Masochism Tango , Hans brings eggs back to Rosa and genuinely cares for her, while Rosa prayed for Hans' safety with his accordion every night when he was sent to war. Beige Prose : Several sections of Death's narration is this: Sister Maria. Berserk Button : DO NOT call Liesel stupid. She'll mess you up . Blackface : Rudy, earlier in the book. But it's an homage to Jesse Owens and Rudy's father sets him straight. It should be noted that the issue here isn't that anyone's concerned about offending black people, it's that Rudy's a boy growing up in Nazi Germany and this kind of behavior could get him in serious trouble. Book Burning : One is held in Molching. Liesel rescues The Shoulder Shrug from the pile of "objectionable materials" being burnt. (In the movie, it's The Invisible Man .) Cannot Spit It Out : Liesel to Rudy. Just kiss him, already. Rosa to Liesel in a parental love kind of way. Casanova Wannabe : Rudy to Liesel. Yep, even as a kid. And lampshaded by our narrator : In fact, Rudy Steiner was one of those audacious little bastards who actually fancied himself with the ladies. Every childhood seems to have exactly such a little juvenile in its midst and mists. He's the boy who refuses to fear the opposite sex, purely because everyone else embraces that particular fear, and he's the type who is unafraid to make a decision. In this case, Rudy had already made up his mind about Liesel Meminger. Cluster F-Bomb : Rosa Hubermann is very prone to this. And Pfiffikus makes Rosa, in the book's own words, 'look like a saint and a wordsmith'. Covers Always Lie : A lot of versions of the cover depict a scythe-wielding hooded Death. Y'know, exactly like how Death specified they DIDN'T look like? Cranky Neighbor : The antagonistic Frau Holtzapfel, who detests Rosa Hubermann, and makes it a point to spit on their door handle. She gets friendlier after Liesel starts to read to her. The ending itself is a Foregone Conclusion as well, as Death warns in the early pages that Liesel's story doesn't have a happy ending. The Grim Reaper : Subverted. At one point, Death even lampshades this trope by telling us how amusing the whole 'grim reaper with scythe and cloak' thing is. Groin Attack : Liesel gives one to Ludwig Schmeikl. Also Rudy's thought: "Just donï¿½t kick me in the eggs." He Is Not My Boyfriend : Hans prompts Liesel to say this about Rudy. Held Gaze : In the movie adaption, this happens between Liesel and Max and Rudy and Liesel to create some Ship Tease . Hero Antagonist : The British. Unquestionably the good guys, since they're figh


Which South Wales town was formed in 1921 by the amalgamation of Aberavon and Margam?

Timeline - PORT TALBOT HISTORICAL SOCIETY Timeline Timeline 10,000 BC Nomadic groups of hunter gatherers, following the animal herds, gathering shell-fish and berries along the shore 4,000 BC Arrival of Neolithic (New Stone Age) farmers, who grow crops and keep animals. They live in settled groups, make pottery, and learn to weave cloth. They build stone circles, communal stone tombs, etc 2,000 BC Bronze Age: first use of metals for weapons, tools and ornaments 600 BC Iron Age: arrival of Celts. Local evidence: Hill forts at Margam and Baglan, Hut circles and remains of Celtic fields         43 AD The Romans arrive in Britain 43-69 AD Resistance to the Romans is lead in South Wales by the Silures under Caradco/Caratucus 500-1050 Raids by Irish slavers, Danes and Vikings. St Baglan, a Breton prince who studied at St. Illtyd’s school at Llantwit Major and was then sent to work as Christian missionary in west Wales, founded a church at Baglan. St. Sawel, who founded the church at Briton Ferry also came from this time. Local chieftains set up mini kingdoms and built fortified homes like the one destroyed when the most recent Briton Ferry Bridge was built. The first Aberavon probably dates from this period – it may have been nearer the sea where the docks are now. When the docks were being excavated c1836 various things were found – Roman coins, shoes, cattle horns, fences, walls and cultivation ridges from fields. A field in this area was known as “Platch yr Hen Eglwys” – The field of the old church – which might have been the long vanished church of St Thomas. 1066 The Normans conquer England c.1090 Normans arrive in South Wales. Rhys ap Tudur the King of South Wales was killed in battle. Iestyn ap Gwrgan is defeated by a combined Welsh-Norman army but his son Caradoc is allowed the keep the land between the Neath and the Ffrwdwyllt, and becomes the first Lord of Afan, the only Welsh ruled area in Norman South Wales. Caradoc builds a wooden motte and bailey castle next to what is now St. Mary’s church, Aberavon. 1137 Robert, Earl of Gloucester founds Margam Abbey, partly for the good of his soul, partly as a buffer between the Welsh in Afan and the uplands of Glamorgan and the Normans in Coity, Bridgend and the Vale. 1147 Margam Abbey was founded 1153 Caradoc’s castle is burnt down by his brothers-in-law, Maredudd and Rhys ap Grutrydd. The castle is rebuilt in stone. Small settlements began to grow up around the castle and the Abbey 1170 Great Eisteddfod at Llanfihangel Afan   King John visited the Abbey at Margam 1232 Morgan Gam, Lord of Afan attacked Kenfig 1249 Monks of Margam start mining coal at Bryn 1304 Sir Leisan de Avene grants Aberavon its first charter 1326 Edward II stops at Margam Abbey 1336 Monks at Margam complained that “no small part of the land adjacent to the shore is subject to inundation by the sea”. 1347 Outbreak of the Black Death.  1350 Aberavon Borough Charter re-issued by Thomas d’ Avene. By now the family of the Lords of Afan has become more Norman then Welsh, and in the next twenty years they disappear, possibly to England. Afan becomes part of the lands of Edward le Despenser, English Lord of Glamorgan. C.1373 Edward Le Despenser grants new charter to Aberavon 1384 The Abbot of Margam appropriates St Mary’s Church at Margam 1394 Richard II at the Abbey. He was there again five years later 1399 Richard II visited Margam c.1400 The Lords of Afan have disappeared, no-one lives in the castle but the town/village still exists. The town is run mainly by the burgesses. Ieuan Gethin, descendant of a younger branch of the Afan lords, lives at Plas Baglan. Inland, Llanfihangel Ynys Afan/Michaelstone Super Avon (now Cwmavon) is mostly small farms with a church and inn as its centre. The road down to Aberavon is very bad, so people tend to head for the markets and fairs at Neath.  1427 Serious flooding in the Swansea Bay area c.1470 Hen Eglwys (Capel Mair) constructed   The monks are thrown out of Margam Abbey 1540-1547 Sir Rice Mansel of Oxwich buys the abbey and its lands at a cost of £2494/13/5 The nave


Thegns of Mercia: Vikings: Fact or Fiction 3 Vikings: Fact or Fiction 3 Double-Bladed Axes The common caricature-Viking is depicted with a horned helmet and swinging an enormous double-bladed axe. Unfortunately, there is even less evidence for the double-bitted battle-axe in the Viking Period than the horned helmet... It is unclear where artists got the idea, however, it is possible that they misinterpreted one of the names of the folk in the period circa 2,900 - 2,350 BCE. This is now most usually called ‘The Corded Ware Culture’ from the type of ceramic pot which characterises it. It has also been called the ‘Single Grave Culture’ or the ‘Battle-Axe Culture’ and spans the late Neolithic to the early Bronze Age. The period is named for the characteristic polished stone axe-head. It is possible that this weapon was the genesis of Ðunor’s Hammer. Minoan labrys During the later Bronze Age in Minoan Crete, the symmetrical double-bladed labrys axe was prevalent, and was endowed with great ritual significance, possibly as the lightning symbol of the Sky God Diwós (later Zeus). This, however, was two millennia too early to have had anything to do with Vikings. In fact there is absolutely no archaeological evidence for double-headed axes being used by Vikings. An axe excavated from Grave 909 at Birka, Sweden and dating to the 9th Century is sometimes said to be double-headed but it is not symmetrical and looks rather similar to a Roman Dolabra or pickaxe rather than a battle-axe.  Birka Grave 909 Axe-head Most Viking axes that have been found in excavations are single bladed. Over time, the Viking axe evolved, becoming a more specialised war-weapon, rather than a wood-chopper that had been pressed into battle-service.  Modern double-bitted felling axe The modern double-bitted axe is a heavy-duty forestry tool invented in North America in the 19th Century. A double-bitted battleaxe would be at least a pound (0.45kg.) in weight heavier than a single-bladed axe. This would make it somewhat more cumbersome to use as a weapon, where speed is critical. Battle axes generally weigh far less than splitting axes because they are designed to hew flesh rather than wood; consequently relatively narrow slicing blades are the norm. These facilitate deep, grievous wounds. Moreover, a lighter weapon is much quicker to bring to bear in combat and manipulate for repeated strikes against an adversary. The extra weight of the weapon would add very little to the severity of wounds caused. There remains the peculiar term ‘Twibil’. This derives from the Middle English twibill, and from the Old English twibill, from twí- (“double”) + bill (“edge, blade”). This does seem to denote some sort of double-edged axe, but there is no recorded Old Norse equivalent. “Myths of the Norsemen” by H. A. Guerber, published in 1908 contains the story of the Volsung Saga. In her description of Sigmund’s last battle, she describes how Odin breaks the hero’s infallible sword :This influential book, complete with its illustrations redolent with winged and horned helmets, may in part be the source of the Viking twin-bladed axe myth. “And he bore a mighty twi-bill, as he waded the fight-sheaves through ...” This influential book, complete with its illustrations redolent with winged and horned helmets, may in part be the source of the Viking twin-bladed axe myth. Posted by


Which Australian state capital is close to the River Torrens?

River Torrens | Adelaidia River Torrens River Torrens Adelaide, SA Australia The River Torrens (Karrawirraparri) was not only crucial to the siting of Adelaide as South Australia’s capital city , but it also has in several ways continued significantly to influence the life of the city and adjacent regions. Course of the river The River Torrens was named by Colonel William Light in 1836 in honour of Sir Robert Torrens, the chairman of the South Australian Colonisation Commission. It rises some 55km east-northeast of Adelaide in the Mount Pleasant district of the eastern Mt Lofty Ranges and only 20km from the eastern scarp of the upland. Draining an area of about 500km2 the Torrens flows westwards across the ranges, cutting a deep gorge before emerging on to the Adelaide Plains at Athelstone. For the next 7–8km the river runs through a series of basins and shallow defiles, with steep south-facing bluffs. Then, from Hillcrest to Adelaide, the river runs in a deep channel cut into old valley floors or terraces, so that Walkerville Terrace, for example, runs along a physical feature of the same name, while Mann Terrace is located on the slope linking two such old valley floors. Though it has since incised its bed, the character of the valley changes abruptly to the west of Adelaide, for the river leaves its confined valley and spreads out on to the plain. Formerly the river flowed northwest toward the Port River, but the sediment picked up in the uplands choked the channels and the Torrens was diverted to the west migrating laterally before eroding its present channel, creating swamps, marshes and, notably, the ‘Reedbeds’ behind the sand dunes which front the coast, before draining north to the Port River or south to the Patawalonga. Importance to Adelaide When Light sought a site for his capital city he had in mind specific requirements. The plains were wooded and fertile, and the site was to be within easy reach of the Port River harbour. Building stone was available locally and in the nearby Adelaide Hills. Routes through the ranges were accessed first via Anstey Hill and later via the Torrens Gorge. The flow of the river is seasonal, but it was thought that even in summer the waterholes of the Torrens would furnish an abundant supply of potable water; though whether it was reasonable to describe it – as it was at the time – as ‘delicious’ and ‘fresh’ – is questionable. Notwithstanding, the river still supplies water for local irrigation and domestic use, and on a larger scale for several water conservation schemes serving the Adelaide metropolitan area, both in the past and at present. They include the weirs at the mouth of the Gorge (1857) and near Gumeracha (1918), and the reservoirs at Thorndon Park (1860; decommissioned in 1986 and converted to a recreation area), Hope Valley (1872), Millbrook (1918) and Kangaroo Creek (1969). Changes to the Torrens The river was, however, a mixed blessing, and it is no exaggeration to state that during the first century of settlement much time and money were expended on attempts to control the river and the problems it posed, especially for the areas west of the city. A direct outlet to the sea was excavated through the coastal sandhills at West Beach, channels were straightened and cleared, and the flood danger mitigated with the construction of dams, and especially the Torrens Dam (or weir) west King William Road in the city in 1881, behind which was formed the Torrens Lake. Siltation built up the beds of the channels (it is recorded that about 1.5m of sediment were deposited in the river channel east of Henley Beach between 1909 and 1925) and the likelihood of flooding was increased as the capacity of the channels was reduced. This was, to put it mildly, inconvenient. In September 1863, for instance, the river came down in flood and some members of the congregation at the Fulham Wesleyan Church were cut off from their houses on the opposite bank. To reach their homes they had to travel via Hindmarsh, a trek of almost 18km to attain a distance of some 800m. Yet the river waters and


What is the name of the RSPB reserve just to the north of Flamborough, famous for its nesting seabirds?

The RSPB: Reserves & events Reserves & events Baron's Haugh A real gem for wildlife and for visitors too. Spend time in one of the four hides, looking out at the ducks and swans on the haugh, or take a walk through the woods. If you’re lucky you may even see a kingfisher or an otter on the river.  Most paths are suitable for wheelchairs and pushchairs, but may be muddy in bad weather and are steep in places. Wheelchair visitors, please call in advance for advice. More... Bempton Cliffs A family favourite, and easily the best place in England to see, hear and smell seabirds! Home to more than 250,000 birds (from April to August) make the cliffs seem alive - with adults bringing food to their nests, or young chicks making their first faltering flights. More... Berney Marshes and Breydon Water Experience the spectacle of the tens of thousands of wintering ducks, geese and swans that visit the estuary and surrounding grazing marshes. In spring, the marshes are filled with the atmospheric calls of lapwings and redshanks, all breeding on one of the UK's largest expanses of wet grassland. More... Birsay Moors If you enjoy the solemn grandeur of moorland landscape, the Orkney moors can be a wonderful place to visit, full of wild and windswept beauty. Come during the summer to see hen harriers, short-eared owls and elegant Arctic skuas nesting. More... Blacktoft Sands Come to Blacktoft Sands throughout the year and see how many of our 270 species of birds you can see! The tidal reedbed is the largest in England and is important for its breeding bearded tits, bitterns and marsh harriers. More... Blean Woods This is a wonderful place for quiet walks in beautiful ancient woodland. There are five trails of up to eight miles long that meander through the woods. In summer, look out for damselflies, dragonflies and butterflies, including the rare heath fritillary butterfly. As dusk falls, you may see nightjars gliding on silent wings, and hear their churring call. More...


Which economist wrote 'The Great Crash, 1929'?

John Kenneth Galbraith - Wikiquote John Kenneth Galbraith Jump to: navigation , search I react pragmatically. Where the market works, I'm for that. Where the government is necessary, I'm for that. I'm deeply suspicious of somebody who says, "I'm in favor of privatization," or, "I'm deeply in favor of public ownership." I'm in favor of whatever works in the particular case. Quotes[ edit ] There is certainly no absolute standard of beauty. That precisely is what makes its pursuit so interesting. When you see reference to a new paradigm you should always, under all circumstances, take cover. I believe the greatest error in economics is in seeing the economy as a stable, immutable structure. In the usual (though certainly not in every) public decision on economic policy, the choice is between courses that are almost equally good or equally bad. It is the narrowest decisions that are most ardently debated. If the world is lucky enough to enjoy peace, it may even one day make the discovery, to the horror of doctrinaire free-enterprisers and doctrinaire planners alike, that what is called capitalism and what is called socialism are both capable of working quite well. "The American Economy: Its Substance and Myth," quoted in Years of the Modern (1949), ed. J.W. Chase You roll back the stones, and you find slithering things. That is the world of Richard Nixon . Adlai Stevenson speech, Los Angeles (1956), written by Galbraith There is certainly no absolute standard of beauty. That precisely is what makes its pursuit so interesting. The New York Times Magazine ( 1960-10-09 ) Politics is not the art of the possible. It consists in choosing between the disastrous and the unpalatable. Letter to John F. Kennedy ( 1962-03-02 ), printed in Galbraith's Ambassador's Journal (1969) In the really hard cases you're choosing between the disastrous and the catastrophic, and it's hard to tell someone which one is which. Quoted by Graham Allison , in A Conversation with Henry Kissinger . [1] Total physical and mental inertia are highly agreeable, much more so than we allow ourselves to imagine. A beach not only permits such inertia but enforces it, thus neatly eliminating all problems of guilt. It is now the only place in our overly active world that does. Foreword to The Beach Book by Gloria Steinem (1963); reprinted in Galbraith's A View from the Stands (1986) Clearly the most unfortunate people are those who must do the same thing over and over again, every minute, or perhaps twenty to the minute. They deserve the shortest hours and the highest pay. Made to Last (1964), ch. 4 People are the common denominator of progress. So, paucis verbis, no improvement is possible with unimproved people, and advance is certain when people are liberated and educated. It would be wrong to dismiss the importance of roads, railroads, power plants, mills, and the other familiar furniture of economic development. At some stages of development — the stage that India and Pakistan have reached, for example — they are central to the strategy of development. But we are coming to realize, I think, that there is a certain sterility in economic monuments that stand alone in a sea of illiteracy. Conquest of illiteracy comes first. Economic Development (1964), ch. 2 Then the shit hit the fan. Ambassador's Journal (1969), p. 45. Galbraith claimed to have originally coined this phrase in A Life In Our Times (1981), p. 274 Meetings are a great trap. … they are indispensable when you don't want to do anything. Ambassador's Journal (1969), p. 84 You will find that [the] State [Department] is the kind of organisation which, though it does big things badly, does small things badly too. Quoted in conversation with Charles Frankel, High on Foggy Bottom: an outsider's inside view of the Government (1969), p. 11 In economics, hope and faith coexist with great scientific pretension and also a deep desire for respectability. The New York Times Magazine ( 1970-06-07 ) Faced with the choice between changing one's mind and proving that there is no need to do so, almost everyone gets busy


Which Shakespearean character was the daughter of Brabantio?

Othello Characters - eNotes.com Othello Characters link Link Othello Othello (oh-THEHL-oh), a Moorish general in the service of Venice. A romantic and heroic warrior with a frank and honest nature, he has a weakness that makes him vulnerable to Iago’s diabolic temptation. He becomes furiously jealous of his innocent wife and his loyal lieutenant. His character decays, and he connives with Iago to have his lieutenant murdered. Finally, he decides to execute his wife with his own hands. After killing her, he learns of her innocence, and he judges and executes himself. Iago Iago (ee-AH-goh), Othello’s ancient (ensign), a satirical malcontent who is envious of the appointment of Michael Cassio to the position of Othello’s lieutenant. He at least pretends to suspect his wife Emilia of having an illicit affair with the Moor. A demi-devil, as Othello calls him, he destroys Othello, Desdemona, Roderigo, his own wife, and himself. He is William Shakespeare’s most consummate villain, perhaps sketched in several of Shakespeare’s other characters: Aaron the Moor in Titus Andronicus, Richard of Gloucester in Henry VI and Richard III, and Don John in Much Ado About Nothing. He is echoed in Edmund in King Lear and Iachimo in Cymbeline. He contains strong elements of the Devil and the Vice in the medieval morality plays. Desdemona Desdemona (dehz-dee-MOH-nuh), the daughter of Brabantio and wife of Othello. An innocent, idealistic, and romantic girl, she gives her love completely to her warrior husband. In her fear and shock at his violent behavior, she lies to him about her lost handkerchief, thus convincing him of her guilt. Even when she is dying, she tries to protect him from her kinsmen. Other characters can be judged by their attitude toward her. Emilia Emilia (ee-MIHL-ee-uh), Iago’s plainspoken wife. Intensely loyal to her mistress, Desdemona, she is certain that some malicious villain has belied her to the Moor. She does not suspect that her husband is that villain until too late to save her mistress. She is unwittingly the cause of Desdemona’s death; when she finds the lost handkerchief and gives it to Iago, he uses it to inflame the Moor’s insane jealousy. Emilia grows in stature throughout the play and reaches tragic dignity when she refuses to remain silent about Iago’s villainy, even though her speaking the truth costs her her life. Her dying words, clearing Desdemona of infidelity, drive Othello to his self-inflicted death. Michael Cassio Michael Cassio (KAS-ee-oh), Othello’s lieutenant. Devoted to his commander and Desdemona, he is impervious to Iago’s temptations where either is concerned. He is, however, given to loose living, and his behavior when discussing Bianca with Iago fires Othello’s suspicions, after Iago has made Othello believe they are discussing Desdemona. Cassio’s drinking on duty and becoming involved in a brawl lead to his replacement by Iago. He escapes the plot of Iago and Othello to murder him, and he succeeds Othello as governor of Cyprus. Brabantio Brabantio (brah-BAN-shee-oh), a Venetian senator. Infuriated by his daughter’s elopement with the Moor, he appeals to the senate to recover her. Losing his appeal, he publicly casts her off and warns Othello that a daughter who deceives her father may well be a wife who deceives her husband. This warning plants a small seed of uncertainty in Othello’s heart, which Iago waters diligently. Brabantio dies brokenhearted at losing Desdemona and does not learn of her horrible death. Roderigo Roderigo (rod-eh-REE-goh), a young Venetian suitor of Desdemona. The gullible victim of Iago, who promises Desdemona to him, he aids in bringing about the catastrophe and earns a well-deserved violent death, ironically inflicted by Iago. The degradation of Roderigo is in striking contrast to the growth of Cassio. Iago, who makes use of Roderigo, has profound contempt for him. Bianca Bianca (bee-AN-kuh), a courtesan in Cyprus. Cassio gives her Desdemona’s handkerchief, which Iago has planted in his chambers. She thus serves doubly in rousing Othello’s fury. Montano Montano (m


Which singer, who had four no.1 hits in the UK, was shot dead by a Los Angeles hotel manageress in 1964?

Murders and Suicides accidental gunshot wound in 1974. He was 28. "Montego Bay," "Heavy Makes You Happy" Tommy Boyce suicide. He was 55. Boyce suffered from depression, and in 1994 he shot himself in his home. He reportedly left two     suicide notes indicating his desire to "go and be with" his dead mother, Elvis Presley (see 1977), and Del Shannon     (see 1990). (He had been friends with both.) Boyce teamed with Bobby Hart on the '�60s hits "I Wonder What She's Doing     Tonight" and "I'll Blow You a Kiss in the Wind." Junior Braithwaite (Franklin Delano Alexander Braithwaite), shot in 1999. He was 50. Braithwaite was one of the founders and the     first lead singer of The Wailers (which also featured Bob Marley, see 1981). Braithwaite was one of three Wailers to be     murderded. (Carlton Barrett and Peter Tosh were both shot in 1987.) "Simmer Down," "Stir It Up," "Get Up, Stand Up" Shirley Brickley shot to death; 1977. Brickley was a member of The Orlons, who were popular in the 1960s. Brickley was shot and killed by     an intruder in her home; she was 35. "The Wah Watusi," "Don't Hang Up," "South Street" Herman Brood suicide. Brood was a well known artist and musician on the Dutch rock scene for 30 years. As the leader of Wild Romance,     he enjoyed massive success with the 1978 hit, "Saturday Night." Brood often spoke about the difficulty of stopping his     famous drug habit and had been complaining of poor health and depression. He had told a close friend he didn't want to     "fade away." (See Kurt Cobain's suicide note, 1994.) He jumped to his death from the roof of an Amsterdam hotel in 2001.     He was 55. Roy Buchanan suicide (murdered?) at age 48. Buchanan was a pioneer in blues guitar who influenced other musicians such as Jeff Beck and Robbie     Robertson of The Band. Buchanan struggled with alcohol abuse; in 1988 he was arrested for public intoxication and was     found hanged with his shirt in his cell. It is speculated that Buchanan was actually murdered; he had bruises on his     head and a shattered larynx. His son stated that Buchanan hated the police and most likely fought with them.     When his family asked to see the police tapes, they were informed that they had been lost. In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine named     Buchanan one of the greatest guitarists of all time (ranking #57). Buchanan's albums include: Roy Buchanan, That's What I Am     Here For, Street Called Straight, and When a Guitar Plays the Blues. Arlester "Dyke" Christian shot in 1971. Christian sang back up for The O'Jays and later formed Dyke and the Blazers. Christian is said to have     influenced many, including James Brown and Wilson Pickett. He was shot four times with a .22-caliber pistol     while sitting in his car in downtown Phoenix. He was 27. It was speculated that the killing was drug-related;     the case against the shooter, Clarence Daniels, was     dismissed based upon "evidence indicating self-defense."     Dyke and the Blazers were inducted to the Arizona Music & Entertainment Hall of Fame.     "Let A Woman Be a Woman, Let a Man Be a Man," "Funky Broadway - Part 1" (later covered by Pickett as a #1 R&B single) Kurt Cobain *Kurt Cobain self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head; 1994. Lead singer/guitarist for rock music iconoclasts and grunge pioneers,     Nirvana. Cobain's body was discovered by an electrician 3 days after his death. Cobain suffered from stomach problems,     possible depression/bipolar disorder, and drug addiction. He was 27 when he took his life. In 2003, Rolling Stone     magazine named him one of the greatest guitarists of all time (ranking #12). Nirvana was inducted into     the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2014. Visit the Kurt     Cobain Tribute for artist information, photos, his suicide note, and a detailed account of the events leading up to     his death. Learn about Cobain's connection to the Curse of Buddy Holly . "Smells Like Teen Spirit," "Come As You Are," "Heart-Shap


In which mid west state is the first Primary of the US Presidential election traditionally held?

Election 2016 - Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions Election 2016 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions January 2016 through September 2016 NOTE: The "soft" delegate count is this website's estimate of the potential delegate support for each contender based on key delegate selection events already held and is subject to change as we get closer to the National Conventions; the "hard" count is the tabulation of delegates already formally pledged or bound by law and/or Party rules. Democratic Presidential Nominating Process Republican Presidential Nominating Process   Pre-2016 Musings It's often been said that the next election begins as soon as the newly-elected person is sworn into office, so I guess that means it's high time we all think about Election 2016!   An historical analysis of the apportionment of delegate votes at the National Conventions of the two major parties.   Presidential Primary Types include   the Delegate Selection Primary, Advisory Primary, Winner-Take-All Primary,   Proportional Primary, Democratic National Convention Proportional Primary   Threshold Rules, Bonus Primary, Loophole Primary, and Caucus/Convention. Voter Eligibility for the Closed, Open,   and Modified Open Primary or Caucus.     Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions State by State coverage. Includes the Delegate Selection Process, delegate allocation, delegate counts, popular vote, primary and caucus dates, primary types, voter eligibility, poll closing times. Floor vs Hard Count: Democrat / Republican Details of Delegate Allocation   Republican Party Notes 17 March 2013: On "Face the Nation", RNC Chairman Reice Priebus states "I believe that our primary process is way too long .... I'm calling for a convention in June or July."   Monday 25 July through Thursday 28 July 2016 (announced 23 January 2015) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (announced 12 February 2015) Monday 18 through Thursday 21 July 2016 (announced 14 January 2015) Cleveland, Ohio (announced 8 July 2014, confirmed by the full RNC 8 August 2014)   Under a "gentleman's agreement" in force since the 1940s, the Republicans (as the "out" Party re: the White House) will be hold their National Convention first.   American Independent Party On 13 August 2016, the American Independent Party nominated Donald John Trump, Sr. for President and Michael R. "Mike" Pence for Vice President. The convention was held in Sacramento, California.   American Freedom Party On 26 July 2015, the American Freedom Party executive board selected Robert Whitaker of Columbia, South Carolina as their Presidential nominee. The Vice Presidential candidate is Tom Bowie.   Wednesday 13 to Saturday 16 April 2016. Salt Lake City, Utah (announced 20 July 2015) Constitution Party nominates Darrell Castle for President and Scott Bradley for Vice President. Voting for the 2016 Constitution Party Presidential nomination: Darrell Castle of Tennessee 184, Scott Copeland of Texas 103.5, Tom Hoefling of Iowa 19, J. R. Myers of Alaska 9, Daniel Cummings of Wyoming 9, Don Grundmann of California 6, John Diamond of Pennsylvania 5, Jeremy Friedbaum of Utah 4, absention 2 (Nevada 1, South Dakota 0.5). Total 341. States voting: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,.South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming. 21 states did not send delegates to the convention: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin. The Vice-presidential nominee, Scott Bradley of Utah, was nominated by voice vote with no opposition.   Thursday 4 through Sunday 7 August 2016 Houston, Texas The Green Party nominates Jill E. Stein (of Massachusetts) for President and Ajamu Baraka (of Washington, D.C.) for Vice Presi


Which children's author created Tracey Beaker?

BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Damehood for Tracy Beaker creator Damehood for Tracy Beaker creator Wilson began her career writing for magazines She may be less of a household name than JK Rowling, but Jacqueline Wilson - who has become a dame in the New Year Honours - is arguably Britain's most popular children's writer. In a career spanning 35 years, she has sold more than 30 million books and, for the past four years, has been the most-borrowed author in British libraries. Her most famous creation, Tracy Beaker, is a 10-year-old girl placed in a care home as a result of domestic violence. But Wilson has written more than 80 books, many dealing with gritty social subjects such as teenage pregancy, divorce and failed suicides. Young mother Wilson was born Jacqueline Aitken in Bath in 1945 and spent much of her childhood in Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, where she still lives today. She has described her upbringing as unhappy, and says she remained scared of her father's "unpredictable rage" even as an adult. Growing up in the 1950s, she longed to be a writer, making up stories in "little Woolworths notebooks" from the age of six, before writing her first novel when she was nine. Tracy Beaker has become a hit TV show starring Dani Harmer After an underwhelming school career she reluctantly joined a secretarial college. But she soon grew restless and applied for a job as a journalist at Scottish newspaper publisher DC Thompson, which also produced comics such as The Beano and Dandy. Her first job was on teenage magazine Jackie, which was named after her. Wilson married when she was 19, and had her daughter Emma in her early twenties, after which she took up writing full-time. But she was not an overnight success. She wrote about 40 books before striking gold with The Story of Tracy Beaker in 1991. The novel spawned two hit sequels and a successful BBC television series, and Wilson remains proud of the gutsy foster child she created. "Tracy Beaker has become a useful person," she told the Daily Telegraph earlier this year. "Even if children don't read, they have seen her on TV, so she makes children who have a rough deal feel less alone." Wilson's other children's novels include The Suitcase Kid, The Bed and Breakfast Star, Double Act, Bad Girls, The Lottie Project, Girls in Love, Vicky Angel, The Dare Game and Dustbin Baby. She was shortlisted for the Whitbread award in 1999 for The Illustrated Mum - which she calls her favourite of her own books. It went on to be named children's book of the year at the British Book Awards. Collector Double Act was made into a Channel 4 series In June 2002 Wilson was made an OBE for services to literacy in schools, and served as children's laureate from 2005 to 2007. As laureate, she urged writers to make more books available for the blind, and campaigned against cutbacks in children's drama on television. Wilson is still an avid reader and has a collection of about 15,000 books crammed into her home. But she admitted that she lost her OBE insignia when she moved house recently. "I thought: 'I'll put this in a safe place,'" she told the BBC earlier this year, "and I've put it in such a safe place I can't find it!" "I have a certificate to say that I actually got it, and it was very pretty, but no - it's not there!" Wilson manages to read about a book a week despite her hectic schedule and her favourite all-time children's book is Where The Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak. She also finds the time to reply to every child who writes to her, even if it is just a postcard. "It is very touching and a great privilege," she says of the young people who write letters to her.


Who wrote The Origin of Species in 1859?

Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" - Legacy By Robert McNamara Updated November 21, 2016. Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species on November 24, 1859 and forever changed the way humans think about science. It's not an exaggeration to say that Darwin's landmark work became one of the most influential books in history. Decades earlier, the British naturalist and scholar had spent five years sailing around the world aboard a research ship, H.M.S. Beagle . After returning to England, Darwin spent years in quiet study, examining plant and animal specimens. The ideas he expressed in his classic book in 1859 did not occur to him as sudden bursts of inspiration, but were developed over a period of decades. Research Led Darwin to Write At the end of the Beagle voyage, Darwin arrived back in England on October 2, 1836. After greeting friends and family he distributed to scholarly colleagues a number of specimens he had collected during the expedition around the world. Consultations with an ornithologist confirmed that Darwin had discovered several species of birds, and the young naturalist became fascinated with the idea that some species seemed to have replaced other species. continue reading below our video Profile of Charles Darwin As Darwin began to realize that species change, he wondered how that happened. The summer after returning to England, in July 1837, Darwin began a new notebook and took to writing down his thoughts on transmutation, or the concept of one species transforming into another. For the next two years Darwin essentially argued with himself in his notebook, testing out ideas. Malthus Inspired Charles Darwin In October 1838 Darwin re-read Essay on the Principle of Population, an influential text by the British philosopher Thomas Malthus . The idea advanced by Malthus that society contains a struggle for existence struck a chord with Darwin. Malthus had been writing about people struggling to survive in the economic competition of the emerging modern world. But it inspired Darwin to begin thinking of species of animals and their own struggles for survival. The idea of "survival of the fittest" began to take hold. By the spring of 1840, Darwin had come up with the phrase "natural selection," as he wrote it in the margin of a book on horse breeding he was reading at the time. In the early 1840s, Darwin had essentially worked out his theory of natural selection, which holds that organisms best suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce and thus become dominant. Darwin began writing an extended work on the subject, which he likened to a pencil sketch and which is now known to scholars as the Sketch. The Delay in Publishing On the Origin of Species It is conceivable that Darwin could have published his landmark book in the 1840s, yet he did not. Scholars have long speculated on the reasons for the delay, but it seems that it's simply because Darwin kept amassing information he could use to present a lengthy and well-reasoned argument. By the mid-1850s Darwin began working on a major work that would incorporate his research and insights. Another biologist, Alfred Russel Wallace, was working in the same general field, and he and Darwin were aware of each other. In June 1858 Darwin opened a package sent to him by Wallace, and found a copy of a book Wallace had been writing. Inspired in part by the competition from Wallace, Darwin resolved to push ahead and publish his own book. He realized he could not include all his research, and his original title for his work in progress referred to it as an "abstract." Darwin's Landmark Book Published in November 1859 Darwin finished a manuscript, and his book, titled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races In the Struggle for Life, was published in London on November 24, 1859. (Over time, the book became known by the shorter title On the Origin of Species.) The original edition of the book was 490 pages, and had taken Darwin about nine months to write. When he first submitted chapters to his


Which comedian is married to Pamela Stephenson?

Pamela Stephenson tells of the day she thought husband Billy Connelly, might die | Daily Mail Online comments When Billy Connolly was still reeling from the bombshell double diagnosis - both on the same day  that he had prostate cancer and Parkinson's, he privately wondered whether it was time to give up his comedy and acting career. But when he confided his thoughts to his wife, Pamela Stephenson, she lost no time in talking him out of it. 'It would have been really bad for him to burrow away and not want to come out of his hole,' she says now. Billy received a bombshell diagnosis of Parkinson's and Prostate cancer earlier this year that shook his world 'So I told him, "Look, I'll support you 100 per cent if you want to do that, but I'm not sure you'll love your life if you do, because you're happiest when you're performing." It was the right thing to say to him, and I pushed him into doing some concerts. He's bounced back better than almost anyone could and he's doing really well.' RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share This is the first time she's talked about the emotional effect Billy's illness has had on their close-knit family. They have three daughters together, Daisy, Amy and Scarlett, and Billy has a son Jamie and a daughter Cara by his first marriage. It started when Billy began having the odd memory loss – searching for words – and he was also having trouble hearing, but he shrugged these symptoms off for months. But when Pam finally persuaded him to see a doctor last September, it proved to be what he later described as 'a funny week'. On the Monday he was prescribed a hearing aid. On the Tuesday he was given pills for a touch of heartburn. And on Wednesday he was told he had Parkinson's – but only after an earlier call to say that a routine check-up had shown he had prostate cancer.  Pamela with Mel Smith, Rowen Atkinson and Griff Rhys Jones in Not The Nine O'Clock News in 1980 'He had all these diagnoses in one go because he'd ignored the symptoms and refused to go to the doctor,' she explains. 'It was the hearing loss that worried me the most at that early stage. He was a nightmare, with me saying, "Billy, you've got to get a check-up," and him saying, "Get off my back." And of course he was on tour a lot at the time. Finally he had some time off and I dragged him kicking and screaming to the doctor.' Pamela recalls the moment he got the dreaded phone call at the couple's home in New York. 'I was physically holding onto him at that point to reassure him and support him. That's what marriage is about: you have your ups and downs and you have to see each other through them. I also understand the psychology of illness, and I knew it was not going to be easy on me either. Let's face it, he was a terrible patient!' she says ruefully. 'But you can't blame someone for that when they're going through something that you're not.' As a result Pamela has felt the need to be the family rock on whom everyone could lean. 'It was important to be strong for Billy and our family, very much so.' Yet even her background in clinical psychology didn't make it any easier for her to look into the treatment when it was so close to home in her husband's case. 'It's sort of scary and you fall into the trap of seeing horrible things that you don't want to read,' she admits. Billy and Pamela Stephenson, after the birth of their third child, Scarlett Connolly, 1988 'That's all you see at first; then you have to take a deep breath and go back and read it again and pick out the positive things. 'I knew the hearing loss in particular was affecting his ability to perform on stage because he couldn't hear the audience feedback, which is important for a comedian. All those years on the circuit sitting on huge stacks of loudspeakers was bound to cause some damage. So persuading Billy to wear a hearing aid was more of a hurdle than anything else. It made a tremendous difference to his quality of life and he's been performing better than he has for years.' By October, Billy's prostate had been surgically removed and he was given the all-cl


Who shot Lee Harvey Oswald after his arrest for the assassination of John F Kennedy?

Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald - Nov 24, 1963 - HISTORY.com Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald Share this: Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald Author Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald URL Publisher A+E Networks At 12:20 p.m., in the basement of the Dallas police station, Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of President John F. Kennedy, is shot to death by Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner. On November 22, President Kennedy was fatally shot while riding in an open-car motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas. Less than an hour after the shooting, Lee Harvey Oswald killed a policeman who questioned him on the street. Thirty minutes after that, he was arrested in a movie theater by police. Oswald was formally arraigned on November 23 for the murders of President Kennedy and Officer J.D. Tippit. On November 24, Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure county jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. Ruby, who was immediately detained, claimed that rage at Kennedy’s murder was the motive for his action. Some called him a hero, but he was nonetheless charged with first-degree murder. Jack Ruby, originally known as Jacob Rubenstein, operated strip joints and dance halls in Dallas and had minor connections to organized crime. He also had a relationship with a number of Dallas policemen, which amounted to various favors in exchange for leniency in their monitoring of his establishments. He features prominently in Kennedy-assassination theories, and many believe he killed Oswald to keep him from revealing a larger conspiracy. In his trial, Ruby denied the allegation and pleaded innocent on the grounds that his great grief over Kennedy’s murder had caused him to suffer “psychomotor epilepsy” and shoot Oswald unconsciously. The jury found him guilty of the “murder with malice” of Oswald and sentenced him to die. In October 1966, the Texas Court of Appeals reversed the decision on the grounds of improper admission of testimony and the fact that Ruby could not have received a fair trial in Dallas at the time. In January 1967, while awaiting a new trial, to be held in Wichita Falls, Ruby died of lung cancer in a Dallas hospital. The official Warren Commission report of 1964 concluded that neither Oswald nor Ruby were part of a larger conspiracy, either domestic or international, to assassinate President Kennedy. Despite its seemingly firm conclusions, the report failed to silence conspiracy theories surrounding the event, and in 1978 the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded in a preliminary report that Kennedy was “probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy” that may have involved multiple shooters and organized crime. The committee’s findings, as with those of the Warren Commission, continue to be widely disputed. Related Videos


The Secret Garden and Little Lord Fauntleroy are works by which writer?

Frances Hodgson Burnett - IMDb IMDb Writer Born in Manchester, England on November 24 1849, Frances Eliza Hodgson was the eldest daughter in a family of two boys and three girls. After her father's death when she was three years old, the Hodgsdons experienced severe financial difficulties. As a young girl, she would scrawl little stories on sheets of old notebooks, as she was unable to ... See full bio » Born: a list of 87 people created 03 Mar 2012 a list of 31 people created 25 Mar 2013 a list of 24 people created 29 Aug 2014 a list of 37 people created 11 months ago a list of 93 people created 2 weeks ago Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Frances Hodgson Burnett's work have you seen? User Polls  2015 The Misselthwaite Archives (TV Series) (novel "The Secret Garden" - 42 episodes) - New Beginnings (2015) ... (novel "The Secret Garden") - Lost and Found (2015) ... (novel "The Secret Garden") - Memories (2015) ... (novel "The Secret Garden") - Flashback (2015) ... (novel "The Secret Garden") - Planning Committee (2015) ... (novel "The Secret Garden")  2012 The Making of a Lady (TV Movie) (novel 'The Making of a Marchioness')  2009 A Little Princess (TV Series) (based on the novel by - 10 episodes) - Episode #1.10 (2009) ... (based on the novel by) - Episode #1.9 (2009) ... (based on the novel by) - Episode #1.8 (2009) ... (based on the novel by) - Episode #1.7 (2009) ... (based on the novel by) - Episode #1.6 (2009) ... (based on the novel by)  2007 Princess Sarah (TV Series) (story)  2006 Strain: Strategic Armored Infantry (TV Series) (original story: "A Little Princess" - 5 episodes) - Tsukisenu onshû (2006) ... (original story: "A Little Princess") - Rîzunâ sêna (2006) ... (original story: "A Little Princess")


Where in London can statues of George IV, Sir Henry Havelock and Sir Charles Napier be found?

About Trafalgar Square | London City Hall Events Visiting the square Trafalgar Square is surrounded by museums, galleries, cultural spaces and historic buildings. It also has the  café on the square . Find out how to get here and what facilities are available, including at the cafe, on our visiting page .  For more information, go to  Visit London .  History of Trafalgar Square 14th to 17th century: Most of the area now occupied by Trafalgar Square was the courtyard of the Great Mews stabling, which served Whitehall Palace. 1812: The architect John Nash began to develop ‘a new street from Charing Cross to Portland Place’. He wanted it to be a cultural space open to the public. 1830: The site was officially named Trafalgar Square. 1832: Work began on the National Gallery. 1838: Sir Charles Barry presented a plan to develop Trafalgar Square. This included the Nelson memorial statue and two fountains. 1843: Nelson’s Column, designed by William Railton, was erected 1845: The fountains were built. 1867: Sir Edwin Landseer designed the bronze lions placed on guard at the base of Nelson’s Column. 1876: The Imperial Measures were set into the north terrace wall (read more about this below). Trafalgar Square today In July 2003 a huge project to transform Trafalgar Square was completed. The north terrace was pedestrianised, so that the square is now linked to the National Gallery. The changes also included a cafe, public toilets and a lift for disabled access. Trafalgar Square is a centre of national democracy and protest. Rallies and demonstrations are frequently held at weekends on different political, religious and general issues. The Mayor supports this democratic tradition, and gives access to the square for such causes. Statues and fountains Nelson’s Column William Railton designed the column and statue to honour Admiral Nelson, after his victory in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The granite statue was sculpted by E. H. Baily. It is five metres high and stands on a bronze platform made from old guns from the Woolwich Arsenal Foundry. The four bronze panels at the base of the column depict some of Nelson’s battles. The lions, designed by Sir Edwin Landseer, are said to protect Nelson’s Column. Restoration of Nelson’s Column Nelson's Column is Grade 1 listed. It is inspected every two years to assess its condition. Recent inspections found that the column was in sound condition, but recommended conservation work to preserve it for future generations. This work includes repairs to the stonework, cleaning areas of corrosion, protecting the bronze with wax, general cleaning to remove pigeon guano, and pigeon-proofing minor areas. The restoration team was able to repair damage to the statue using Craigleith sandstone, the original material used to make it. When the Craigleith quarry in Scotland closed sixty years ago it made getting hold of the stone almost impossible, so previous restorers patched Nelson up using a mixture of mortar and cement. However, some Craigleith stone was found during a restoration of Donaldson's School for the Deaf (an A-listed building in Edinburgh). It was donated to Nelson’s Column restoration by Scottish company Watson Stonecraft. Fountains The fountains were added in 1845. The mermaids, dolphins and tritons (the male figures with tails like fish) were installed later. The fountains operate on most days. Statues There are four plinths for statues in the square. Bronze statues stand on three of them: General Sir Charles James Napier in the southwest, Major General Sir Henry Havelock in the southeast and King George IV in the northeast. The Fourth Plinth The fourth plinth , in the northwest of the square, was empty for many years. It is now managed by a Commissioning Group Panel of specialist advisors. This group guides and monitors the commissions for the plinth. The content presents world-class contemporary artworks in the public realm. Imperial Measures In 1876 the Imperial Measures were set into the north terrace wall. Surveyors can still check ‘Perches’, ‘Chains’ and other archaic measures agains


Which five foot tall French artist famously produced posters for the Moulin Rouge?

Moulin Rouge Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 54 out of 75 people found the following review useful: The Most Beautiful Ghost Story Ever Filmed? from United States 31 August 2005 Certainly one of the most beautiful ghost stories filmed in Technicolor ("The Innocents," with Deborah Kerr, perhaps takes the prize for black and white.) "Moulin Rouge" the film is itself the ghost of Lautrec's life and art. An almost minimalist script (minimalist writing being as daring for mainstream Hollywood in 1952 as the Can-Can was for fin de siecle Paris) supports and moves us through the exhilarating three-dimensional world of Lautrec's paintings come to life. Meticulous production design, set decoration and even costumes were created by Marcel Vertes (whose hands can be seen sketching for Jose Ferrer in closeup). Schiaparelli designed Zsa Zsa Gabor's costumes. Oswald Morris lit and photographed the sumptuous sets. The synthesis of these artists miraculously captures the essence of Lautrec's art -- yet still is but a ghost of his "real" world and life. Each scene plays like one of Lautrec's sketches or paintings: not an extraneous line or element . . . seemingly simple and obvious, yet rich and deep and true. The artful script is credited to Anthony Veiller and John Huston from Pierre La Mure's novel (a ghost of a life in words alone). Collette Marchand as the prostitute, Marie Charlet, with whom Lautrec falls in love, gives one of the most indelible and convincing performances ever captured -- almost as if Huston had found a turn-of-the-century French "child of the gutters" who happened to be a brilliant actress, instead of vice versa. Tempestuous, vulnerable, enchanting, exasperating, transparent -- Marie is a phantom of love; not the real thing. A poor uneducated child adopting the guise of the only kind of "woman" she knows. Ultimately a sham. A pretend woman. Self-destructive and destroying. Offering the only thing she knows: not real love. Jose Ferrer beautifully underplays Lautrec and keeps his inner pain to a barely repressed minimum, except for brief, sardonic, telling outbursts. He is, after all, almost continually anesthetized by cognac and absinthe. Not once, as the artist or the actor, does Ferrer seek our pity or sympathy. His Lautrec is a ghost of a man, haunting the fringes of the demi-monde, then, after his success as an artist, able to connect with others only superficially -- until it's too late and he loses the genuine love of Miriamme (Suzanne Flon) because he can't see it. She too is a kind of ghost. On his deathbed, in Huston's vision, Lautrec is visited by the dance hall ghosts of his beloved Moulin Rouge, the legendary club that still exists in Paris, in a surprisingly moving finale. Zsa Zsa Gabor looks, on first glance, impossibly beautiful. Turns out she's just impossible: she can't act, can't lip-synch, can't simulate dancing, can't even move gracefully. Though carefully costumed, for the most part, the unfortunate "serpentine" gown Schiaparelli designed for Gabor's second number as Jane Avril reveals hips already as wide as a barn. (These used to be called "child-bearing hips." Though Gabor may seem silly as a Hollywood personality, she was smart enough to marry Conrad Hilton and give him a daughter, Francesca, thus assuring her financial well-being in perpetuity. And she and her "franchise," such as it is, have outlived everybody else connected with this production.) Miss Gabor's singing voice is dubbed by Muriel Smith, the first black opera singer to perform Carmen at Covent Garden. She appears in "Moulin Rouge" as the black Can-Can dancer, dancing up a storm and leaping into catfights at the drop of a petticoat. George Auric's atmospheric score is also a triumph of mood and character: what Lautrec might have written himself were he a composer. Nothing, really, is as it appears in "Moulin Rouge." It's not "really" Lautrec's story, but "impressions" of it. The production design, sets and costumes aren't "really" Lautrec in three dimensions, but shadows of his soul and world. Inordinately tall actor Jose Ferr