Who was the Greek Goddess of the Moon, daughter of Hyperion and Thea?

THEIA - Greek Titan Goddess of Sight & Heavenly Light THEIA Translation Sight, Prophecy THEIA was the Titan goddess of sight (thea) and the shining ether of the bright, blue sky (aithre). She was also, by extension, the goddess who endowed gold and silver with their brilliance and intrinsic value. Theia bore the Titan Hyperion three shining children--Helios the Sun, Eos the Dawn, and Selene the Moon. Her name was derived from the Greek words thea "sight" and theiazô "prophesy". She was also named Aithre (Aethra) "Blue-Sky" and Euryphaessa "Wide-Shining". FAMILY OF THEIA OURANOS & GAIA (Theogony 132, Homeric Hymn To Helios, Apollodorus 1.8) OFFSPRING HELIOS , SELENE , EOS (by Hyperion ) (Theogony 371, Homeric Hymn To Helios, Apollodorus 1.9, Hyginus Pref) ENCYCLOPEDIA THEIA (Theia). A daughter of Uranus and Ge, one of the female Titans, became by Hyperion the mother of Helios, Eos, and Selene, that is, she was regarded as the deity from which all light proceeded. (Hes. Theog. 135, 371 ; Pind. Isthm. v. 1; Apollod. i. 1. § 3, 2. § 2; Catull. 66. 44.) Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES Hesiod, Theogony 132 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "She [Gaia, the Earth] lay with Ouranos (Uranus, Sky) and bare deep-swirling Okeanos (Oceanus), Koios (Coeus) and Krios (Crius) and Hyperion and Iapetos, Theia and Rhea, Themis and Mnemosyne (Memory) and gold-crowned Phoibe and lovely Tethys. After them was born Kronos (Cronus)." Hesiod, Theogony 371 ff : "And Theia was subject in love to Hyperion and bare great Helius (the Sun) and clear Selene (the Moon) and Eos (the Dawn)." Homeric Hymn 31 to Helius (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th - 4th B.C.) : "Helios (the Sun) whom mild-eyed Euryphaessa (Wide-Shining) [Theia], the far-shining one (phaithonta), bare to the son of Gaia (Gaea, Earth) and starry Ouranos (Uranus, Heaven). For Hyperion wedded glorious Euryphaessa, his own sister, who bare him lovely children, rosy-armed Eos (Dawn) and rich-tressed Selene (Moon) and tireless Helios (Sun)." Homeric Hymn 3 to Delian Apollo 89 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th - 4th B.C.) : "Leto [on the island of Delos] was racked nine days and nine nights with pangs beyond wont. And there were with her all the chiefest of the goddesses, Dione and Rheia and Ikhnaie (Ichnaea) and Themis and loud-moaning Amphitrite and the other deathless goddesses. Then the child leaped forth to the light, and all the goddesses raised a cry. Straightway, great Phoibos [Apollon], the goddesses washed you purely and cleanly with sweet water, and swathed you in a white garment of fine texture, new-woven, and fastened a golden band about you." [N.B. The "chiefest of the goddesses" are the Titanides. Amphitrite stands in the place of Tethys, Dione is equivalent to Phoibe, and Ikhnaie "the tracing goddess" is Theia.] Pindar, Isthmian Ode 5. 1 ff (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) : "Mother of Helios (the Sun), Theia, goddess of many names, thanks to thee men ascribe to gold a strength exceeding all other powers that are. For ships that sail the seas in rivalry and racing chariot steeds for thy honour, O queen, rise to the height of wondrous deeds amidst the whirling wheels of struggle. And in the contests of the Games, he reaps that prize of glory that all hearts desire." Stesichorus, Fragment S17 (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric III) (C7th B.C.) : "[Helios the Sun] went down into the cup of solid gold, so that he might cross over Okeanos (Oceanus) and reach the depths of holy, dark night and his mother [i.e. Theia] and wedded wife and dear children." Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1. 2 - 3 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "Ouranos (Uranus, Sky) . . . fathered other sons on Ge (Earth), namely the Titanes (Titans) : Okeanos (Oceanus), Koios (Coeus), Hyperion, Kreios (Crius), Iapetos (Iapetus), and Kronos (Cronus) the youngest; also daughters called Titanides (Titanesses) : Tethys, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoibe (Phoebe), Dione, and Theia." Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bib


How many days is the gestation period of a domestic cat (5 days either way)?

Gestation Periods and Animal Scale USA Gestation Periods and Animal Scale The gestation period of humans is 266 days, 8 days short of nine months. Many such biological characteristics have an explanation in terms evolutionary survival value. Even some seemingly cultural characteristics of human society have such a biological explanation. For example, in all known hunting-and-gathering societies it is the men who do the hunting and women the gathering. It was not until a few decades ago when in the U.S. people started doing marathon running that the explanation was discovered. Women marathon runners found they lost their periods and medical examination revealed that under the stress of distance running women stopped ovulating. In hunting-and-gathering societies the hunters cover about thirty miles a day, day after day. In a society in which the women participated in the hunting there would be few babies born and that society would quickly disappear. Thus the only hunting-and-gathering societies that survived would have the men doing the hunting and the women doing the gathering. It is therefore tempting to try to find a biological explanation for the nine-month gestation period of humans in terms of seasons. What time of the year would be the best time for babies to be born in order to maximize there chances of survival? And what time of the year would be most conducive to human mating? In a temperate zone springtime mating would lead to midwinter births which surely would not be the optimal birth time. If springtime were the optimal time for births then a nine-month gestation period would imply wintertime mating, which is not the season that people associate with urges to merge. It would seem that a one-year gestation period would give the best fit between mating time and optimal birth time. But any appeal to seasonality for an explanation of the human gestation period is fruitless because humans did not evolve in a temperate zone. There might have been some dry-wet seasonality in the savannahs of Africa but it is uncertain. And the gestation periods of chimpanzees (237 days), gorilla (257 days) and orangutan (260 days) indicate that the approximate nine-month gestation period predates the emergence of human beings as a species. The gestation periods of other animal reveals that the length of the gestation period is largely a matter of the animal specie's size. Asian elephants have a gestation period of 645 days and African elephants 640 days. Dogs and other canines have a gestation period of about 60, which is also the period for cats. Even within the species of apes and monkeys gestation period seem to be a matter of size. For Rhesus monkeys it is 164 days and baboons 187 days. For small animals such as rabbits the period is about 33 days and for mice about 20 days. So it takes a longer time for a big animal such an elephant to grow a baby than for a smaller animal such as a mouse. The baby of the bigger animal is of course bigger but there are the bigger resources of the big animal to promote that growth so it is not obvious that bigger animals would have longer gestation periods. But, deespite the bigger resources, it does take a longer time. It seems to be a matter of scale. If all of the dimensions of an animal are doubled the double-scaled animal would have eight times the volume and hence eight times the weight of the smaller scaled animal. But the cross section area of the umbilical cord through which all of the nutrients for growing the baby would have to pass is only four times as large. So, all other things being equal, it would take twice as long for the nutrients for the eight-times larger baby to pass through the four-times greater capacity umbilical cord. The blood pressure in the scaled up animal could be twice as great but the length of the umbilical cord would be twice as long giving twice the resistance to the flow of the nutrients. Thus the gestation period should be proportional to the scale of the animal. The volume and hence weight of an animal is proporti


"To whom is the following quotation attributed ""A woman is only a woman but a good cigar is a smoke""?"

The Cigar Quote Primer | News & Features The Cigar Quote Primer Tweet It's no surprise that some of the most memorable quotes about cigars span the decades before and after the turn of the last century, when cigar smoking in American and western Europe was at the height of its popularity. What avid cigar smoker hasn't heard Mark Twain's famous quip, "If there are no cigars in heaven, I shall not go"? Who isn't familiar with King Edward VII's proclamation, "Gentlemen, you may smoke"? And who could top Winston Churchill's declaration that "I drink a great deal. I sleep a little, and I smoke cigar after cigar. That is why I am in two-hundred-percent form"?  When it comes to cigar quotations, those are just the tip of a very large iceberg. Ever since cigar smoking began to catch on with the masses in the 1870s, literary giants, politicians, entertainers and a host of other notable historical figures have been imparting their pearls of wisdom about the pastime. A number of quotes are particularly famous and beloved, with fascinating histories, even mythologies, swirling around them. Here's a look at the real scoop behind six of the most intriguing. It is fitting to begin this roundup of iconic cigar quotes with one that may (or may not) have been uttered by comedian and cigar icon Julius Henry "Groucho" Marx. The popular story is that, on Groucho's 1950s TV quiz show "You Bet Your Life," a female contestant said that the reason she had 22 kids was "because I love children, and I think that's our purpose here on earth, and I love my husband." To which Groucho supposedly replied: "I love my cigar, too, but I take it out of my mouth once in a while." A comeback this perfect had to be real. Countless people assert that they remember viewing the exchange. But was it real? The authoritative Urban Legends Reference Pages Web site, created by scholarly folklorists, sets forth evidence against the authenticity of the Groucho cigar zinger. Groucho himself said in an Esquire interview by Roger Ebert in 1972: "I got $25 from Reader's Digest last week for something I never said. I get credit all the time for things I never said. You know that line in 'You Bet Your Life'? The guy says he has seventeen kids and I say: 'I smoke a cigar, but I take it out of my mouth occasionally'? I never said that." As the Urban Legends Reference Pages points out, Groucho would have had no motive to falsely deny authorship of a celebrated bon mot. Even if a risqué remark in the 1950s might have been a source of embarrassment at that time, by 1972 and in a men's magazine, risquéness would have been a plus rather than a minus. No one has ever found the Groucho cigar quote in tapes of the "You Bet Your Life" television show, nor in surviving recordings of the radio version that preceded it. A 1950 recording of the "You Bet Your Life" radio appearance of contestants Marion and Charlotte Story, a couple with 20 children from Bakersfield, California, includes nothing resembling the line in question. The only cigar reference comes when Groucho asks Mr. Story: "With each new kid, do you go around passing out cigars?" Marion's reply is: "I stopped at about a dozen." Could "I love my cigar, too…" have been actually spoken by Groucho while taping "You Bet Your Life" but been censored out and thus not appear on any preserved broadcasts? I contacted Steve Stoliar, who served as a personal secretary and archivist to Groucho and the latter's companion, Erin Fleming, at the end of Groucho's life. Stoliar wrote me back supplying the strongest indication that there may be something to the tale after all: "I got the inside dope from Bernie Smith, the head writer of the show, when I was helping Groucho and Hector Arce assemble the elements for The Secret Word is Groucho, a 1976 book about 'You Bet Your Life.' Bernie had an astonishing memory, as well as a chart with all the contestants' names, how much they won and what the secret word was that night. Bernie told us that during the first year the show was on radio (which would've been '47—'48), Groucho had a woman named Mrs.


What is the symbol for the chemical element copper?

Chemical Elements.com - Copper (Cu) Information about the history, usage, and mining of copper If you know of any other links for Copper, please let me know Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Copper. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cu.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license  agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.


Timeline: 1300-1400 King Wenceslas II ascends the              throne in Poland. Birth of Guillaume de Machaut,            French musician and poet. c. 1300 Cursor Mundi written and Marco Polo's Travels. 1300-1400 English displacing French as language of the upper classes and in schools and law courts. Mystery plays increasingly performed by guilds rather than churches--more actors, more spectacles, outdoor stages, comic elements. 1301 Edward             I of England invests his baby son Edward as Prince of             Wales 1302 Battle             of Courtrai: Flemish burghers defeat the flower of French             chivalry and save Flanders from French occupation. 1303 Guillaume              de Nogaret, emissary of Philip IV of France, kidnaps              Pope Boniface VIII and beats him. The pope is rescued              by Italians from Anagni, but dies shortly thereafter              in Rome, probably as a result of his injuries. His death ends the struggle between Philip IV of France              and the pope over papal powers in France. 1304 Francis             Petrarch (Franceswco Petrarca), Italian poet born. 1305 Pope              Clement V (Bertrand de Got, Archbishop of Bordeaux)              claims the Papal See. The "Babylonian Captivity" begins as the Papal See removed from Rome to Avignon,              defying medieval custom. The English capture and execute              Scottish rebel William Wallace. 1306 Philip              IV expels the Jews from France. New Scottish rebellion against              English rule led by Robert the Bruce. Robert is crowned              King of Scotalnd at Scone, rules until 1329. This ends              the ten-year interregnum in Scotland. 1307 King              Edward dies while on campaign against Robert the Bruce. Edward II, King of England, rules              until 1327. Dante's Divine Comedy written about 1307-1321 1308 Albert             I, Holy Roman Emperor, dies. His replacement: Henry VII,             Holy Roman Emperor to 1313. 1310 English             barons appoint appoint 21 peers--the Lords Ordainers--to             manage Edward II's household and control the country until             the king reaches his maturity. 1312 The King of France abolishes the Order of Knights Templar, accusing             them of witchcraft. Birth of Geoffrey Chaucer's father, John Chaucer. 1313 Battle              of Bannockburn: Robert the Bruce defeats Edward II and              makes Scotland independent. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor              at civil war withhis rival, Frederick of Austria. Louis X, (Louis the Quarrelsome)              King of France to 1316. 1315 Swiss             forces beat Leopold of Austria at battle of Morgarten. 1316 John              XXII becomes Pope. He holds the papal see until 1334. The papacy orders eight Dominican              friars to travel to Ethiopia in search of Prester John,              a legendary Christian emperor. 1317 France             adopts the Salic Law, excluding women from succession             to the throne. 1318 The Swiss             make peace with the Habsburgs. 1320 Tughluk             Dynasty in Delhi rules until 1413. Founded in 1320 by             the Turk Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluk. 1321 Death of Dante Alighieri shortly after             his completion of the Divina Commedia. 1322 Charles             IV, the Fair, King of France. (Rules until 1328). 1325 Traditional             date of the Aztecs arrival in Tenochtitlán (Mexico


Which Scottish League Football Team has the nickname 'The Jam Tarts'?

Who are Scotland’s oldest professional football clubs - The Scotsman Heroes Who are Scotland’s oldest professional football clubs Kilmarnock v Real Madrid at Rugby Park in November 1965 - McInally knocks the ball past Betancort to score Killie's second goal, with the final score 2-2. Picture: Ian Brand 18:02 Tuesday 12 April 2016 Have your say With the Scottish Cup being the oldest national Association Football trophy in the world, Scotland has birthed an array of clubs with long lineages in the beautiful game. We’ve compiled a list of the oldest teams still playing across the top four tiers of the Scottish Professional Football League. David Galt of Queen's Park in action at Hampden in a 0-0 home league draw against Elgin earlier this season. Picture: Contributed QUEEN’S PARK FC (1867), LEAGUE TWO Scotland’s oldest amateur football team was formed on July 9, 1867 at 3 Eglinton Terrace on Glasgow’s South Side. As well as playing their home games at Scotland’s national football stadium, Hampden, no player to have walked onto the field in Queen’s Park FC colours has ever collected a wage for their services. This decision to “Ludere causa Ludendi”, or play for the sake of playing, makes Queen’s unique as one of the few ‘amateur’ teams in the professional leagues. ‘The Spiders’, as they are known, currently hold the fourth spot in the League Two table, with just one point off Annan Athletic and Clyde FC above them. Queen’s Park has also proven to be a vital training ground for footballing greats such as Sir Alex Ferguson and FIFA Technical Director and ex-Scotland manager Andy Roxburgh. KILMARNOCK FC (1869), PREMIERSHIP Stranraer are Scotland's third-oldest football club. Picture: Derek Watt Two years after Queen’s Park was created, Killie was born as Scotland’s oldest professional football club. Their long history has seen them qualify for European competition several times throughout the years, with their most recent accolade being the Scottish League Cup in the 2011-12 season. Formed by a group of cricketers looking for a sport to play during the off-season, Kilmarnock FC originally played a game more akin to rugby than Association Football (hence the name of their stadium, Rugby Park). The team has played there continuously since 1899 - apart from a four-year spell during the Second World War, when the government requisitioned the stadium as a fuel depot. STRANRAER FC (1870), LEAGUE ONE ‘The Blues’ currently occupy fourth spot in League One, despite a mixed history that according to their own website saw the club awarded “more wooden spoons than Delia Smith”. Since 1907, Stranraer has called Stair Park home after an almost-nomadic search for a home in the East End of the town. The Club won the Scottish Challenge Cup in 1996 and the Scottish Second Division in the 1993-94 and 1997-98 seasons; arguably their best victories in 146 years. READ MORE: Scotland’s oldest sporting venues DUMBARTON FC (1872), CHAMPIONSHIP Dumbarton FC have existed since 1872 and are currently eighth in the lower reaches of the Championship table. Their current stature is a far cry from their form in the early 19th century, where they won the Scottish Football league in its first two seasons. ‘The Sons’ also have the dubious honour of being the sole Scottish league champions to not have competed in the current format of the Scottish Premiership, having last played top-tier football in 1985. RANGERS FC (1872), CHAMPIONSHIP The Ibrox club recently won promotion to the top flight after winning this season’s Scottish Championship crown in the same week they also secured the Petrofac Training Cup. They’ve won 54 top tier titles throughout their storied history, starting in 1891 and securing the most recent in 2011. In 2012, Rangers suffered liquidation and had to reapply to the Scottish leagues. They were denied access to the top flight (then called the SPL) but were allowed to make their way through the lower leagues by starting in the Third Division (now called League Two). Whether or not the club has an “unbroken” history has been a source of much co


In which TV drama/soap would you find the actress Deena Payne?

Deena Payne - IMDb IMDb 15 January 2017 6:16 PM, UTC NEWS Deena Payne was born on August 29, 1954 in Orpington, Kent, England as Diane Margaret Payne. She is an actress, known for Emmerdale (1972), TV Burp (2001) and Crime Stories (2012). See full bio » Born:


What was the capital of America before Washington DC?

A New National Capital: Washington, D.C. [ushistory.org] 20d. A New National Capital: Washington, D.C. This image, View of the Capitol at Washington by William H. Bartlett, was engraved by Joseph C. Bently in 1837. The Louisiana Purchase and rapid western expansion were crucial developments during the early republic. But attention there can misleadingly suggest that the United States rapidly assumed the shape we know today. Focusing on how the capital city of the federal government changed in the early years of the nation reminds us of the limited nature of the early central government. Like so many other elements of the new nation, even the most basic features of the capital city were unsettled. President Washington first took office in New York City, but, when reelected in 1792, the capital had already moved to Philadelphia where it would remain for a decade. Fittingly, Jefferson was the first president to be inaugurated in the new and lasting capital of Washington, D.C. in March 1801. The site of the new capital was the product of political compromise. As part of the struggle over Hamilton's financial policy, Congress supported the Bank of the United States which would be headquartered in Philadelphia. In exchange the special District of Columbia, to be under Congressional control, would be built on the Potomac River. The compromise represented a symbolic politics of the very highest order. While Hamilton's policies encouraged the consolidation of economic power in the hands of bankers, financiers, and merchants who predominated in the urban northeast, the political capital was to be in a more southerly and agricultural region apart from those economic elites. A dramatic aerial view of the U.S. Capitol and its surroundings in modern-day Washington, D.C. Once the site for the new capital was selected in 1790, President Washington retained Pierre Charles L'Enfant, a French engineer and former officer in the Continental Army, to design and lay out the new capital city. His grand plan gave pride of place to the capitol building which would stand on a hill overlooking the flatlands around the Potomac. A long open mall connected the legislative building to the river and was to be bordered by varied stately buildings. Radiating out from the capital were a number of broad avenues one of which would connect with the president's house. Much of L'Enfant's grand vision was ignored during the nineteenth century, but starting in 1901 the plan was vigorously reborn. Today, Washington, D.C., is an impressive capital city that physically expresses many central values of the modern United States. It gloriously honors the nation's commitment to democracy and political life in impressive government buildings. The capital also maintains the nation's historical memory in monuments along the mall that commemorate key events and people. Finally, the city also announces the nation's commitment to knowledge and human achievement in the spectacular Smithsonian museums. At the same time the capital also symbolizes less celebrated aspects of modern America. Washington, D.C.'s impressive center around the mall is surrounded by urban poverty, a crisis facing most large American cities. The gulf separating American success and failure is on display nowhere more sharply. This drawing, published in 1805, is considered the earliest picture of what became the White House in Washington D.C. The most distant building, in the left center, was where John Adams lived during his presidency. Today's Washington, D.C., however, is a far cry from the humble place that Jefferson entered in 1801. Then just beginning to emerge from a swampy location along the Potomac, the city claimed only 5,000 inhabitants, many of them temporary residents to serve the incoming politicians. The Senate building had been completed, but the building for the House of Representatives was still incomplete as was the president's house. Jefferson took office while living in a boardinghouse! The limited physical stature of the capital city matched the modest scope of the federal government


In which English County is Huntingdon Castle?

Castles of England/Cambridgeshire - Wikibooks, open books for an open world Castles of England/Cambridgeshire There are seven castles of note in Cambridgeshire. Name Renamed Buckden Towers, partly demolished and remnants incorporated with 19th century house. Elton Hall Gatehouse survives, incorporated in building of 1662–1689, remodelled and extended 18–19th centuries. Kimbolton Castle Site of medieval castle, rebuilt and later remodelled by Vanbrugh 1707–10. Kirtling Tower 150116th century gatehouse on site of moated Saxon castle. Longthorpe Tower Elaborate scheme of domestic medieval wall paintings. Northborough Castle Gatehouse and hall survive, with 16–17th century alterations. Woodcroft Castle Buckden Towers[ edit ] Entrance to Buckden Towers Buckden Towers is a 12th century fortified manor house in Buckden, Cambridgeshire. It was built in the late 12th century, when records show it as being used to house the Bishops of Lincoln. The tall brick tower was added in 1475, protected by walls and a moat, and surrounded by an outer bailey. It was used by the bishops until 1842. Little now remains of the bishops' moated palace except the great tower, the inner gatehouse, part of the battlemented wall, which used to surround the inner court within the moat, and the outer gate and wall. Elton Hall[ edit ] Elton Hall Elton Hall is a baronial hall in Elton, Cambridgeshire. It has been the ancestral home of the Proby family since 1660. The hall lies in an 3800 acre estate through which the River Nene runs. The building incorporates 15th, 17th, 18th and 19th century parts. Kimbolton Castle[ edit ] Kimbolton Castle Kimbolton Castle in Kimbolton, Cambridgeshire is best known as the final home of King Henry VIII's first queen, Catherine of Aragon. Originally a medieval castle but converted into a stately palace, it was the family seat of the Dukes of Manchester from 1615 until 1950. It now houses Kimbolton School. A wooden motte and bailey castle was built in Kimbolton, on a different site, in Norman times. Later, King John granted Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex permission to hold a fair and market in Kimbolton, as a consequence of which a market place was created, with the existing church at one end and a new castle at the other. No remains of this castle remain, although it was built on the site of the present castle. The castle went through various phases of ownership until, by the 1520s, it belonged to the Wingfield family. The medieval castle was rebuilt as a Tudor manor house, parts of which survive. Catherine of Aragon was sent here in April 1534 for refusing to give up her status or deny the validity of her marriage. The castle was bought by Sir Henry Montagu, later 1st Earl of Manchester, in 1615. His descendants owned the castle for 335 years until it was sold in 1951. Kirtling Tower[ edit ] The remaining Tudor gatehouse of Kirtling Tower Kirtling Tower was a medieval castle and Tudor country house in Cambridgeshire of which the gatehouse still remains. The first documentary records for Kirtling Tower date from 1219, and the 13th century Kirtling Castle was described as having a moat, a ditch and a palisade. In 1424 there was a substantial rebuilding of the castle by Richard de Beauchamp, the Earl of Warwick, with a hundred oak trees used to create a complex with a parlour, a solar and chambers. Edward North, a successful lawyer, rebuilt the castle in the 1540s and between 1556 to 1558 using the architect Francis Adams, renaming it Kirtling Hall. The earthworks around the castle were considerably altered to provide for a raised platform for the new house, which included contemporary Tudor features such as a gatehouse, gallery, lodgings, a banqueting house and a garden, complete with grand water features and ponds. Queen Elizabeth I stayed at the castle in 1578 during her state procession across Cambridgeshire. The castle continued to develop, and by the 1660s was the largest country house in Cambridgeshire, centred on a symmetrical two-storey south-facing range, with east and west wings providing additional accommodati


'Take my breath away' was an Oscar winning song from which film?

"Take My Breath Away" winning Best Original Song Oscar® - YouTube "Take My Breath Away" winning Best Original Song Oscar® Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Feb 4, 2016 Bernadette Peters presenting Giorgio Moroder and Tom Whitlock the Oscar® for Best Original Song for "Take My Breath Away" from "Top Gun" at the 59th Academy Awards® in 1987. Category


Caroline of Ansbach, a German noblewoman, was married to which British King?

Caroline of Ansbach: the Georgian queen who brought the Enlightenment to Britain 1 May 2014 Caroline of Ansbach: the Georgian queen who brought the Enlightenment to Britain Three hundred years ago, an unlikely set of circumstances led to a minor German aristocratic family becoming the British royal family. Once the Georges arrived, Britain took the first steps towards becoming the nation it is today. Follow @@c_crampton Sign up for our weekly email * This year, 2014, marks an important historical anniversary. Or rather two, although one has a substantially lower profile than the other. As you can’t have failed to notice from the newspaper supplements, special exhibitions and television documentaries, it is a hundred years since the outbreak of the First World War. But two hundred years before Britain crossed the channel to go to war against German imperial might, the ruling family of a small principality in Lower Saxony travelled in the opposite direction in order to sit on the British throne. Superficially, the Hanoverian accession is a good deal less cataclysmic and a great deal more bizarre than a global war – no armies were involved, and instead George Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was ushered onto the throne by a long chain of coincidences. However, it is no less worthy of commemoration or re-examination, for it was under the rule of these unlikely monarchs that Britain took the first steps towards becoming the nation it is today. It was at the beginning of the eighteenth century that parliamentary democracy advanced, constitutional monarchy was consolidated, freedom of the press was established, industry began to gather momentum, and the arts flourished – and yet when we hear the phrase “Georgian”, we most often think of the architectural style of places like Bath, or Hugh Laurie shouting “radish!” while trying and failing to put on his trousers as the Prince Regent in Blackadder the Third. It’s not a period of history that occupies a lot of time at school (we study Hogarth and the beginning of the British Empire, if we study anything from this time). Prior to this year, exhibitions and documentaries tended to steer clear too, for a very simple reason – these newly-British kings, the first four of whom were called George, just aren’t as exciting as what came before. It was all just a bit less fiery: the Catholic hell-fire had been extinguished in favour of perpetual Protestantism, nobody was burned at the stake for being a witch, and at no point was a large proportion of London on fire. Bo-ring, chant the schoolchildren. Can we do “divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived” again? Well, no, but royal women (replete with heads) are just as vital to this age – indeed, they are how the Georges ended up in Britain in the first place, with a bit of help from institutionalised religious intolerance. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which saw the Catholic James II deposed in favour of his sensibly-Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband William, the Stuart monarchy began to have a very Tudor problem – a distinct lack of heirs. The childless William and Mary were succeeded on their deaths by Mary’s sister Anne. Anne’s seventeen pregnancies resulted in just one child who lived beyond infancy, and he died in 1700 aged 11. Although by overseeing the Act of Union in 1707, Anne had united England and Scotland into “Great Britain”, she was left with no Protestant heir to whom she could pass it on. Her Catholic half-brother, who styled himself James III, was strutting about his Jacobite court in France and then Italy, waiting for his chance to take back his father’s throne. It was to guard against this possibility that Parliament had passed the Act of Settlement in 1701. It excluded anyone who “professe the Popish Religion or marry a Papist” from inheriting the soon-to-be-united kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland. The majority of it is still in force today (the sections forbidding royals to marry “papists” were only removed by last year’s Succession to the Crown Act ). Most importantly, it na


Which famous golfer had the nickname Super Mex?

Golf Today's A to Z of Golf: Nicknames of golfers, past and present Nicknames of golfers, past and present A Aquaman Woody Austin: he fell in a lake on the follow-through from a difficult lie on the bank during the 2007 Presidents Cup B Babe Mildred Ella Didrikson Zaharias: hugely gifted all-round sportwoman, called 'Babe' (from Babe Ruth) after hitting five home runs in a baseball game. 41 LPGA wins, including ten majors (four of them won as an amateur). Big Easy Ernie Els: because he's big, and makes it look so easy. Big Fijian Tough one, this. It's Vijay Singh. Because he's big (1m88, 94kg) too, and he's from Fiji. Big Mama JoAnne Carner: winner of 43 LPGA titles, including two US Women's Opens - a tall, powerful woman. Big Wiesy Michelle Wie: tall, willowy and with effortless length, ie a sort of female Ernie Els. Black Knight, The Gary Player: South African legend, famous for wearing black, supposedly to help him absorb the sun's energy. Boo Thomas Brent Weekley, a keen hunter and woodsman (from Boo Boo Bear, cartoon character friend of Yogi Bear) Boom Boom Fred Couples: a reference to his immense power off the tee. Boss of the Moss Loren Roberts: one of the finest putters in the game. Buffalo Bill Billy Casper: prolific winner of tournaments from the 50's to early 70s, including two US Opens and a Masters. Fought a lifelong battle with his weight, and ate buffalo meat and organic vegetables to try and keep it down. Bulldog Corey Pavin : a reference to his gritty, determined, never-give-up playing style, rather than his slight, short-hitting physique. Won the 1995 US Open with a memorable 4-wood to 5 feet on the final hole. C Champagne Tony Tony Lema: winner of the 1964 Open Championship. Aquired the name after promising champagne to the press if he won the Orange County Open in 1962 (he did). Died aged 32 in 1966 when his plane ran out of fuel and crashed onto a golf course. Chippie Paul Lawrie: 1999 Open Champion, for his enviable short game, developed as a child by chipping balls into a small gravel circle in which stood the rotating clothes line on which his mother hung the washing. Chocolate Soldier Henry Picard: American winner of the Masters and US PGA, contemporary of Sam Snead and Ben Hogan. "Pick" to his friends, he was head pro at the Hershey Country Club in the 1930s, whence the nickname. Also called the "Hershey Hurricane". Choke, The Scott Hoch: unforgiving reference to his habit of challenging for, but losing major titles, including missing two 2-3 foot putts in the 1989 Masters which ultimately gave Nick Faldo the title. Chucky Three Sticks Charles Gordon Howell III: as in I, I and I... D Doc Gil Morgan: successful US pro (7 PGA and 25 Champuions Tour wins, who is also a qualified Doctor of Optometry. Double D Former world number one David Duval. Duffy James Joseph Waldorf, Jr: four-time PGA Tour winner and wine connaisseur, with a taste in flamboyant shirts and golf balls decorated by his children. El Gato Eduardo Romero: Spanish for cat - the Argentine has a feline way of stalking around his shots. El Niño Sergio Garcia : first came on tour as a brash teenager and had a 'whirlwind' style on the course. F Frank Urban Zoeller: from his initials F.U.Z. Winner of the Masters amd the US Open. G Ben Crenshaw: ironic reference to his fierce temper, despite angelic looks. Giant, The Craig Smith: to date, his main claim to fame is being the world's tallest touring professional at 6ft 8in (2m.03). Golden Bear Jack Nicklaus - from his blond hair, large frame, aggressive golf and large fortune earned in golf and business. Goose, The Retief Goosen - enough said, although strictly speaking the nickname is linguistically incorrect, as his name is pronounced 'Hersen' in his native Afrikaans. Great White Shark Greg Norman, big, blond, Australian former world no. 1. Ironically, despite the nickname and his prodigious number of tournament victories around the world, he is arguably more famous for the major championships he failed to win than for those (2 Open Championships) he won. H Haig, The Walter Hagen : also cal


If you suffered from peladophobia, what would be your fear?

Does Peladophobia Bother You? Symptoms of peladophobia: Your fear of bald people can result in the following symptoms: breathlessness, dizziness, excessive sweating, nausea, feeling sick, shaking, heart palpitations, inability to speak or think clearly, a fear of dying, becoming mad or losing control, a sensation of detachment from reality or a full blown anxiety attack. You are not the only one to suffer from peladophobia. Most sufferers are surprised to learn that they are far from alone in this surprisingly common, although often unspoken, phobia. Peladophobia is an intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. While adults with peladophobia realize that these fears are irrational, they often find that facing, or even thinking about facing, the feared situation brings on a panic attack or severe anxiety. There is a Way Out Imagine what your life will be like when you know that you are not "defective". When you can be confident and at ease in situations where you used to feel your peladophobia. And when you can talk about your former peladophobia symptoms as though you are describing a movie where the character is someone else, not you. An Amazing Discovery Several  years ago, a psychologist specializing in phobias like peladophobia, made an  amazing discovery. He  kept up-to-date with all the leading therapies. And he tried them all. And no matter what therapy modality he tried, the cure  rate of phobias like peladophobia was less than 5%. Oh sure, patients made progress. But it was only  incremental. And therapy took years, not months. Let's  face it. It's possible that a small percentage of people would be  "cured" even if left alone. Then  he made an amazing discovery and his ability to eliminate peladophobia soared to over 80%. He was so successful it  nearly put him out of business. Well,  it didn't put him out of business, but it did--at least for awhile--create a  financial strain for the first time in his career. You see, he was able to  "cure" peladophobia clients often in one session, rarely more than five or six. This  was a radical change from years of therapy. And quite a hit to his income. Now  he has raised his rates. And you might be able to get an appointment with  him...if you have about $1,000 handy. That's  the "price" of success. What  was the discovery? It was so simple, but nobody thought of looking there  before. Here  it is, and it is called The Discovery Statement: "The  cause of all negative emotions is a disruption in the body's energy system." Note  what he didn't say. He didn't say that it was in your thoughts, habits,  beliefs, strategies or any other thing (although they do play a factor).  Those are "the branches". The  energy system is "the root". And from this root the field of  Energy Psychology was born. Since  this discovery, other innovators have emerged in Energy Psychology. And they  offer solutions to emotional issues such as peladophobia. A  really nice feature of Energy Psychology is that in many cases self-help is  sufficient. In cases where a therapist is desired or needed, Peladophobia Live Help can be provided over the phone. And since not much talking is involved,  the sessions are quick and affordable. Does  It Work for Everyone? In  a word, no it doesn't. It's not perfect. It only works about 85% of the  time. But that is a radical shift from about 5% rate for some methods. A  reason it may not work is that frankly some people are afraid to give up their  peladophobia. Their identity is wrapped up in it. They have had their  peladophobia so long that they don't know who they would be without it.  Fortunately, the same methods can be used to eliminate this fear first,  should it arise. Finally,  some people just love to talk about their peladophobia. That's one reason why some  people may spend years in talk therapy. They love to have someone who cares  about them listen to their peladophobia problems. Energy  Psychology isn't about talk. It's about results. Fast, effective, lasting  results. A  lot of


Met Opera: A Stunning Revisionist Staging of Borodin's Prince Igor | The Huffington Post Met Opera: A Stunning Revisionist Staging of Borodin's Prince Igor 02/16/2014 11:29 am ET | Updated Apr 18, 2014 Wilborn Hampton Author, theater critic In a winter dominated by headlines from the Olympics in Russia and nonstop snowstorms in New York, the Metropolitan Opera is offering its own tribute to Russian heritage and a refuge from the weather with a lavish and captivating new production of Borodin's Prince Igor, the Met's first staging of the composer's only opera in nearly 100 years. And by "new" production, I mean wholesale revision. The Russian director Dmitri Tcherniakov and the Italian conductor Gianandrea Noseda, have turned this grand saga of war and redemption in 12th-century Russia upside-down, juggling acts, cutting some passages and adding some music from other Borodin works. The end result is a thoroughly satisfying evening of operatic theater that is as much a character study as epic folk tale. It is a radical vision of Prince Igor that audiences around the world will be able to judge for themselves when the Met offers it as part of its Live in HD series on March 1. The real winner is Borodin's music. Choruses are showcased in Prince Igor, and the Met Opera chorus is splendid, especially in the famous Polovtsian Dances, popularly known as the song "Stranger in Paradise" from the Broadway musical Kismet. And under Noseda's energetic baton, the Met Orchestra renders the orchestral passages magnificently. A first-rate cast, largely Russian, completes the success. The bass Ildar Abdrazakov sings the title role with a brooding melancholy that is ultimately full of hope. The Ukrainian soprano Oksana Dyka, making her Met debut, sings his wife Yaroslavna with intensity. The Russian tenor Sergey Semishkur, also in a promising Met debut, sings their son Vladimir and the Georgian mezzo Anita Rachvelishvili is a vivacious Konchakovna, daughter of Khan, Igor's enemy. While Borodin is listed as the composer of Prince Igor, he had a lot of help from friends finishing it. A chemist by profession, Borodin was a weekend musician, composing as a hobby when he could find the time. He worked on Prince Igor for 18 years and it was still unfinished when he died of a heart attack at age 53. His good friend Rimsky-Korsakov, assisted by Alexander Glazunov, took his notes, some loose pages of music, and stitched it together into a finished opera that is beloved by Russian audiences but not performed a lot elsewhere. Tchneriakov and Noseda threw all that out the window and cobbled their new version that rearranges some scenes, adds new music, excises some arias, and in the process switches the focus to the uncertainty that plagues the prince as he leads his army into annihilation. Before a note is played, a legend appears on a screen covering the proscenium that says: "To unleash a war is the surest way to escape from one's self." The traditional overture has been cut, and the Prologue plunges into Igor mustering the army of Putivl, the city-state he rules, for an attack on the Polovtsians, a band of Central Asian nomads led by Khan Konchak. A sudden solar eclipse is taken as a sign from heaven and everyone tries to dissuade Igor from his military adventure. But Igor is firm, especially when the sun reappears, and the army, dressed like old Soviet Red Army soldiers lining up for a May Day parade, march off to war. By the start of Act 1, the battle has already been lost and Igor is prisoner of Khan. Tcherniakov uses the screen as a mixed media vehicle, interspersing filmed close-ups of dying soldiers and a wounded Igor with the prince lying on a stage covered with bright red flowers, and in his delirium seeing his wife Yaroslavna, his son Vladimir, the Khan's daughter Konchakovna, and the Khan himself offering him an alliance. Meanwhile, back in Putivl, Igor's brother-in-law Galitsky -- a sort of 12th-century Wolf of Wall Street, except he swigs vodka rather than pop Quaaludes and abducts village women rather than hire hookers -- is planning


A beginner's guide to curling, the world's best sport. | Sports on Earth A curling sheet, via Wikimedia Commons Teams are made up of four players. Each team alternates sliding 42 pound stones (also called rocks because they're made of dense granite) from one end of the sheet to the other, both shooting the same direction. The thing that looks like a dart board is called the "house" and the bullseye is the "button" (this game is so delightfully homey and non-threatening; the whole premise of the sport is sliding stones slowly). There are a bunch of lines to keep things organized. The line that runs down the center of the sheet from one end to the other is reasonably called the centre line. A stone must stop between the hog line (21 feet in front of the center [sorry, centre] of the house) and the back line (you got this one) to remain in play. The tee line runs through the button perpendicular to the centre line. I imagined it was given this name because it makes a "T" with the centre line. That might not be true, but it makes sense. The last technical thing you need to know is the free guard zone. On the image above, this is the green-ish highlighted area from the hog line to the teeline, but doesn't include the house. This zone exists because the first four rocks thrown (the term is "thrown" even though nobody throws 42 pound stones at each other) cannot be removed from the free guard zone. If they are hit, the rock is replaced and the shot doesn't count with no redo. How Scoring Works There are 10 ends, which are like innings, where each team alternates throwing eight stones each. The object of this flawless game is to have the closest stones to the button when an end finishes. Scoring is very simple, even though it may sound a bit convoluted at first. You get a point for each stone closer to the button than any of the other team's stones. Only stones inside the house count. So if the Red team has two stones closer to the button than Yellow team's closest stone, Red scores two points. Some basic logic that follows from this: only one team can score per end, but if neither team has a stone in the house, neither team gets points in what is called a blank end. Strategy There are three main types of shots: guards, draws and takeouts. Guards block the house. Draws are designed to get around the guards and land in the house. Draws will often have really nifty curls, leading you to believe your high school physics teacher was a dirty liar. Takeouts are hard shots that knock other stones out of play. There are a litany of terms for good throws that accomplish several things at once, such as: double roll-in split, double takeout, draw raise, raise takeout, etc. Just know that Olympic curlers are masters at using stones like billiard balls. Many tutorials describe curling as a "game of strategy, tactics and skill" which offers no helpful distinction whatsoever. Strategy is curling's most interesting element. Teams have to plot how to get their stones into the house while still maintaining guards so the other team can't execute a takeout easily or shoot their stone even closer to the button. (Remember what I said earlier about gibberish?) Because you're super-observant, you're probably thinking that the last shot of each end is incredibly valuable. You're right! That's why the last shot of each end is called the hammer, easily the most violent term used in curling. To keep things fair, the previous end's loser gets the hammer. via Wikimedia Commons Although this isn't a perfect analogy, the team with the hammer is kind of like the team in football with possession. Technically speaking, either team can score, but it's far more likely the team with the hammer will, and they'll adjust their strategy by playing more aggressively, trying to keep the four-foot zone free (shown at right), shoot lots of draws towards the button, or set up corner guards so they have a way to get a stone into the house with the hammer. When a team has the hammer, one point is generally considered a failure. If it looks like they might only gain one point,


What was the previous occupation of the novelist George Orwell?

George Orwell (Author of 1984) Fiction , Politics , Journalism Influences edit data Eric Arthur Blair, better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language, and a belief in democratic socialism. In addition to his literary career Orwell served as a a police officer with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma from 1922-1927 and fought with the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War from 1936-1937. Orwell was severely wounded when he was shot through his throat. Later the organization that he had joined when he joined the Republican cause,The Workers Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), was painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotsk Eric Arthur Blair, better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language, and a belief in democratic socialism. In addition to his literary career Orwell served as a a police officer with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma from 1922-1927 and fought with the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War from 1936-1937. Orwell was severely wounded when he was shot through his throat. Later the organization that he had joined when he joined the Republican cause,The Workers Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), was painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotskyist organization (Trotsky was Joseph Stalin's enemy) and disbanded. Orwell and his wife were accused of "rabid Trotskyism" and tried in absentia in Barcelona, along with other leaders of the POUM, in 1938. However by then they had escaped from Spain and returned to England. Between 1941 and 1943, Orwell worked on propaganda for the BBC. In 1943, he became literary editor of the Tribune, a weekly left-wing magazine. He was a prolific polemical journalist, article writer, literary critic, reviewer, poet and writer of fiction, and, considered perhaps the twentieth century's best chronicler of English culture. Orwell is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (published in 1949) and the satirical novella Animal Farm (1945) — they have together sold more copies than any two books by any other twentieth-century author. His 1938 book Homage to Catalonia, an account of his experiences as a volunteer on the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War, together with numerous essays on politics, literature, language, and culture, are widely acclaimed. Orwell's influence on contemporary culture, popular and political, continues decades after his death. Several of his neologisms, along with the term "Orwellian" — now a byword for any oppressive or manipulative social phenomenon opposed to a free society — have entered the vernacular. ...more


Who wrote the French Lieutenant's Woman?

The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The French Lieutenant's Woman ( 1981 ) R | A film is being made of a story, set in 19th century England, about Charles, a biologist who's engaged to be married, but who falls in love with outcast Sarah, whose melancholy makes her ... See full summary  » Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 26 titles created 27 May 2012 a list of 40 titles created 16 Sep 2012 a list of 46 titles created 13 Jan 2015 a list of 42 titles created 15 Jan 2015 a list of 26 titles created 4 days ago Title: The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981) 7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     5     Oscars. Another    9 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards  » Videos The story of Karen Silkwood, a metallurgy worker at a plutonium processing plant who was purposefully contaminated, psychologically tortured and possibly murdered to prevent her from exposing blatant worker safety violations at the plant. Director: Mike Nichols A mother whose child was killed in a Dingo attack in the Australian outback fights to prove her innocence when she is accused of murder. Director: Fred Schepisi After spending time with his new neighbors, an aspiring writer realizes they are harboring deep secrets that will forever change him. Director: Alan J. Pakula An alcoholic drifter spends Halloween in his home town of Albany, NY after returning there for the first time in decades. Director: Hector Babenco A career woman reassesses her parents' lives after she is forced to care for her cancer-stricken mother. Director: Carl Franklin A young Englishwoman spends 20 years to make whatever kind of life for herself at the expense of others around her in post-World War 2 England. Director: Fred Schepisi A Manhattan psychiatrist probes a patient's murder and falls for the victim's mysterious mistress. Director: Robert Benton At the behest of an old and dear friend, playwright Lillian Hellman undertakes a dangerous mission to smuggle funds into Nazi Germany. Director: Fred Zinnemann Respected liberal Senator Joe Tynan is asked to lead the opposition to a Supreme Court appointment. It means losing an old friend and fudging principles to make the necessary deals, as well... See full summary  » Director: Jerry Schatzberg During shopping for Christmas, Frank and Molly run into each other. This fleeting short moment will start to change their lives, when they recognize each other months later in the train ... See full summary  » Director: Ulu Grosbard Story of a schoolteacher's struggle to teach violin to inner-city Harlem kids. Director: Wes Craven Photographer Robert Kincaid wanders into the life of housewife Francesca Johnson, for four days in the 1960s. Director: Clint Eastwood Edit Storyline A film is being made of a story, set in 19th century England, about Charles, a biologist who's engaged to be married, but who falls in love with outcast Sarah, whose melancholy makes her leave him after a short, but passionate affair. Anna and Mike, who play the characters of Sarah and Charles, go, during the shooting of the film, through a relationship that runs parallel to that of their characters. Written by Leon Wolters <wolters@strw.LeidenUniv.nl> She was lost from the moment she saw him. Genres: 16 October 1981 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: La amante del teniente francés See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia "The French Lieutenant's Woman" (1969) was the third published novel of author John Fowles after "The Collector" (1963) and "The Magus" (1965). Both of these earlier works had previously been filmed prior to the publishing of "The French Lieutenant's Woman" (1969) [See: The Collector (1965) and The Magus (1968)]. As "The French Lieutenant's Woman" (1969) was a best-se


With which sport would you associate Kevin Ashurst?

THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF POLE FISHING. By Kevin Ashurst and Colin Graham. | Coch-y-Bonddu Books THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF POLE FISHING. By Kevin Ashurst and Colin Graham. THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF POLE FISHING. By Kevin Ashurst and Colin Graham. THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF POLE FISHING. By Kevin Ashurst and Colin Graham. £8.00 Owner's label to front end-paper. Good-plus first edition copy in used dust-wrapper. Book Cover Additional Information Details 1983 1st edition. 8vo (140 x 224mm). Pp168. B/w photographs and illustrations. Blue boards, spine titled gilt. "In 1982 Kevin Ashurst became the first British angler to win the World Championship using a pole and for the first time he tells of the background to his historic win. ...The authors describe in detail the pole method and how it works, the poles themselves and pole accessories. They also cover fully the methods required for pole fishing in ...still waters, canals and flowing rivers". Chapters include: The pole method and how it works; The poles themselves; Pole accessories; Pole methods for still water; Pole methods for canals; Pole methods for flowing rivers; Feeding methods for the pole; The pole and bloodworm; Pole methods for special situations. 29919 Sign Up for Our Newsletter: Subscribe


Which actress won an Oscar for her performance in 'Two Women'?

Sophia Loren wins Best Actress Oscar for Two Women - Apr 09, 1962 - HISTORY.com Sophia Loren wins Best Actress Oscar for Two Women Share this: Sophia Loren wins Best Actress Oscar for Two Women Author Sophia Loren wins Best Actress Oscar for Two Women URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1962, the 34th annual Academy Awards ceremony is held at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California. In addition to the overwhelming triumph of the musical West Side Story, which won 10 Oscars, including Best Picture, one of the big victors of the night was the Italian actress Sophia Loren, who took home the Best Actress statuette for her star turn in Two Women (La ciociara in Italian). Born Sofia Scicolone on September 20, 1934, in Rome, the actress landed her first role as a slave girl extra in 1951’s Quo Vadis, directed by Mervyn LeRoy. After 15-year-old Sofia met the film producer Carlo Ponti while competing in the Miss Rome beauty contest, he began guiding her career. Taking the stage name Sophia Loren, she played a variety of small parts in low-budget films before breaking out in such movies as Aida (1953) and L’oro di Napoli (The Gold of Naples) (1954), directed by Vittorio De Sica. Ponti helped her get exposure beyond the world of Italian film, including a part opposite Cary Grant and Frank Sinatra in 1957’s The Pride and the Passion; she subsequently signed a multi-picture deal with Paramount Pictures. Her marriage by proxy to Ponti (carried out by the couple’s lawyers in Mexico in 1957) caused a scandal: Ponti faced bigamy charges and threats of ex-communication due to Italy’s refusal to recognize his divorce from his first wife, Giuliana, and Loren was seen as his concubine. The divorce eventually went through, and Ponti and Loren married in a civil ceremony in France in 1966. They would stay together until Ponti’s death, in 2007. Loren gave the most acclaimed performance of her career in De Sica’s Two Women, released in Italy in December 1960 and internationally in 1961. For her portrayal of a mother trying to protect her teenage daughter during World War II, Loren earned numerous accolades, including the top acting honors at the Cannes, Berlin and Venice film festivals. Her Oscar win made her the first performer ever to win that award for a foreign-language film (her countryman, Roberto Benigni, would later win the Best Actor Oscar for 1998’s Life is Beautiful). West Side Story, the film adaptation of Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim’s Broadway hit, was an updated version of Shakespeare’s immortal Romeo and Juliet set on the gang-ridden streets of New York City. The film swept most of the other major Oscar categories in 1962, winning Best Picture, Best Director (Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise), Best Supporting Actress (Rita Moreno) and Best Supporting Actor (George Chakiris), Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Sound, Best Score, Best Film Editing and Best Costume Design. The film’s star, Natalie Wood, was nominated in the Best Actress category for another film, Splendor in the Grass, but lost out to Loren. Related Videos


How many sides has a decagon? - YouTube How many sides has a decagon? Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 12, 2013 This improves the knowledge of the children indirectly as they never know that they are learning. - Category


What was the General Strike of 1926? - BBC News BBC News What was the General Strike of 1926? 19 June 2011 Close share panel Image caption London was transformed into a city of rolling tanks, traffic jams and unrest Trade unions opposed to public sector pension changes are threatening the biggest campaign of industrial action since the General Strike. But what happened during this benchmark strike in the 1920s, and just how big was it? The strike was called by the TUC for one minute to midnight on 3 May, 1926. For the previous two days, some one million coal miners had been locked out of their mines after a dispute with the owners who wanted them to work longer hours for less money. In solidarity, huge numbers from other industries stayed off work, including bus, rail and dock workers, as well as people with printing, gas, electricity, building, iron, steel and chemical jobs. The aim was to force the government to act to prevent mine owners reducing miners' wages by 13% and increasing their shifts from seven to eight hours. The industrial action came against a backdrop of tough economic times following the First World War and a growing fear of communism. Flying Scotsman derailed On the first full day of action, on 4 May, there were estimated to be between 1.5 and 1.75 million people out on strike. Image caption Strikers targeted volunteers The transport network was crippled without its bus and train drivers, and roads became choked with cars. The printing presses ground to a virtual halt and food deliveries were held up. However, the armed forces were quickly moved to escort and protect food lorries, while volunteers got some buses back on the roads and trains on the rails. Fights broke out between police and strikers in cities across the UK, from London to Glasgow. In some places, police charged rioting strikers with batons, while in Northumberland, the Flying Scotsman train was derailed by strikers. The government reacted aggressively, recruiting thousands of special policemen and sending a warship to Newcastle. Striking 'sinful' Stanley Baldwin, the prime minister at the time, appealed to people to trust him, in the first of a series of personal radio broadcasts to the nation during the strike. "I am a man of peace. I am longing, and looking and praying for peace. But I will not surrender the safety and the security of the British constitution. "Cannot you trust me to ensure a square deal and to ensure even justice between man and man?" Image caption Bus windows had to be barricaded to protect drivers from attack At the same time, the Conservative government was trying to exert greater control over the media, including the fledgling BBC, to get its message out. It even briefly turned publisher, producing its own newspaper, the British Gazette, edited by the then Chancellor Winston Churchill. The Roman Catholic Church also spoke out, declaring the strike "a sin" Meanwhile, a growing number of Britons were becoming volunteers, desperate to get the country back on its feet. And, nine days after it began, the TUC, which had been holding secret talks with the mine owners, called off the strike without a single concession made to the miners' case. The strikers were taken by surprise, but drifted back to work. The miners though struggled on alone and by the end of November most were back down the mines, working for less pay and longer hours. Others remained unemployed for many years. A year later, Mr Baldwin's government passed the 1927 Trades Disputes Act, which banned sympathy strikes and mass picketing. The act was repealed in 1946, but in the 1980s the then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher reintroduced the ban, which still applies today.


Who wrote the TV series 'Bread' and 'Butterflies'?

BREAD-The BBC TV series set in Liverpool BBC Page This is a fan page and does not     intend to infringe any copyrights held either by the BBC     or anyone else. All sources where known will be given or     hot-linked. To the left you'll spot a         shot of Paul and Linda McCartney guesting in THAT episode. Unfortunately, the         clipping is undated and lacks the name of the         paper. The reviewer at the time wasn't a fan of         the show and the review was less than friendly.         The final words in the review: "At least         Paul had the good sense to remain hidden in the         Mercedes and limit his contribution to one         throwaway line." THE         WEEKLY NEWS dated December 3, 1988 was far more         friendly. There was a one page feature on Peter         'Joey' Howitt and his girlfriend at the         time, Louise English. Said Peter: "I never         wear black leather gear like Joey Boswell. I will         help promote the programme by doing personal         appearances but Joey and I are light years apart.         / My sister has threatened to reply to my fan         mail and tell the girls who write in what I'm         really like!" Later in the interview, saying         that he was writing jokes for Cannon & Ball         and Hale & Pace, "I'm investing for the         time when I am no longer flavour of the         month." Peter had also turned down an 80,000         pounds ad contract to promote aftershave and         bread for fear it would affect his credibility as         an actor. Actors had integrity back then. How         times have changed. OVERVIEW Set in     Liverpool, England, the home of The Beatles. The Boswell     family, although none of them appear to be employed,     manage to live a comfortable life with the help of Social     Security payments and various jobs on the side. The     matriache and undisputed head of the family, who always     sits at the head of the table around which much of the     action takes place, is Nellie (Jean Boht). She has raised     her children with little or no help from husband Freddie     (Ronald Forfar), who spends most of his time chasing     after 'Lilo Lil' (Eileen Pollock). Her lads are Joey     (Peter Howitt), Jack (Victor McGuire), Adrian (Jonathon     Morris) and Billy (Nick Conway). Solitary daughter,     Aveline (Gilly Coman), dreams of becoming a top model. At     the end of series 4, Peter Howitt left the programme and     was replaced by Graham Bickley. Gilly Coman also left, to     be replaced by Melanie Hill. We hope to cover all these     characters and actors either by way of links or     information below, gleaned from news clippings of the     time. SOME CAST /CHARACTERS     in 'pecking' order! Not all listed yet. GRANDAD Kenneth     Waller. Born in Huddersfield on November 5,     1927. He died on January 28, 2000, aged 72 . From The Times Kenneth Waller was one of those admirable character     actors who plied his trade for decades without attracting     much notice and then became a household name late in his     career thanks to one hugely successful television series. This was Bread, Carla Lane's sitcom     about about the unemployed Boswell family on Merseyside,     which at its peak in the late 1980s attracted an audience     of 21 million. It was an ensemble piece rather than a     star vehicle, and Waller's Grandad was an essential     element. A pensioner who lived next door to the Boswells in their     working-class terrace, Grandad was forever dropping in to     cadge a meal and his "hey, where's me tea?" became a catchphrase. Waller's skilled playing     transcended what could have been a comic caricature by     investing the character with a shrewd m


How many squares make up a standard Sudoku grid?

Anything but square: from magic squares to Sudoku | plus.maths.org Anything but square: from magic squares to Sudoku By  Submitted by plusadmin on March 1, 2006 March 2006 What is a magic square? There is an ancient Chinese legend that goes something like this. Some three thousand years ago, a great flood happened in China. In order to calm the vexed river god, the people made an offering to the river Lo, but he could not be appeased. Each time they made an offering, a turtle would appear from the river. One day a boy noticed marks on the back of the turtle that seemed to represent the numbers 1 to 9. The numbers were arranged in such a way that each line added up to 15. Hence the people understood that their offering was not the right amount. Nymph of the Lo River, an ink drawing on a handscroll, Ming dynasty, 16th century. Freer Gallery of Art The markings on the back of the turtle were in fact a magic square. A magic square is a square grid filled with numbers, in such a way that each row, each column, and the two diagonals add up to the same number. Here's what the magic square from the Lo Shu would have looked like. It has three rows and three columns, and if you add up the numbers in any row, column or diagonal, you always get 15. The Lo Shu magic square Mathematical properties When mathematicians talk about magic squares, they often talk about the order of the square. This is just the number of rows or columns that the magic square has. For example, a 3 by 3 magic square has three rows and three columns, so its order is 3. In a typical magic square, you start with 1 and then go through the whole numbers one by one. For example, a magic square of order 3 contains all the numbers from 1 to 9, and a square of order 4 contains the numbers 1 to 16. Not surprisingly, magic squares made in this way are called normal magic squares. In the Lo Shu magic square, which is a normal magic square, all the rows, all the columns and the two diagonals add up to the same number, 15. We call this number the magic constant, and there's a simple formula you can use to work out the magic constant for any normal magic square. For a magic square of order n, the magic constant is M(n) = n(n2+1)/2. So, for a square of order 3, we have M(3) = 3(32+1)/2 = 15 It is easy to derive this formula: a magic square of order n has exactly n rows, and each row adds up to the magic constant M(n). So nM(n) is the value you get when you add up all the entries in the square. But since every number between 1 and n2 appears exactly once in the square, you know that the total number is also equal to 1+2+3+ ... + n2. And, as many of you may know, this sum is equal to n2(n2+1)/2. Putting all this together, you get nM(n) = n2(n2+1)/2, so M(n) = n(n2+1)/2. It turns out that normal magic squares exist for all orders, except order 2. There's only one magic square of order 1 and it isn't particularly interesting: a single square with the number 1 inside! You can work out for yourself why the square of order 2 does not exist. Mathematicians normally regard two magic squares as being the same if you can obtain one from the other by rotation or reflection. Counted in this way, there is only one magic square of order 3, which is the Lo Shu magic square shown above. There are 880 distinct magic squares of order 4 and 275,305,224 of order 5. Nobody knows how many distinct magic squares exist of order 6, but it is estimated to be more than a million million million! De La Loubere and the Siamese Method You might now be wondering whether there is an easy way to make a magic square without resorting to guesswork. Luckily, there is. De La Loubere was the French ambassador to Siam (now Thailand) at the end of the seventeenth century. On his return to France he brought with him a method for constructing magic squares with an odd number of rows and columns, otherwise known as squares of odd order. Begin by finding the middle cell in the top row of the magic square, and write the number 1 in it. Continue writing the numbers 2, 3, 4, and so on, each in the diagonally adjacent cell


Who was Walter Mondale's female running mate in the 1984 US Presidential election?

Walter Mondale's presidential running mate Geraldine Ferraro dies aged 75 | US news | The Guardian US politics Walter Mondale's presidential running mate Geraldine Ferraro dies aged 75 Geraldine Ferraro leaves the legacy of being the first woman vice-presidential candidate on a major US party campaign Geraldine Ferraro campaigning in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1984 Photograph: Associated Press Associated Press Sunday 27 March 2011 16.57 EDT First published on Sunday 27 March 2011 16.57 EDT Close This article is 5 years old Geraldine Ferraro, who became the first woman vice-presidential candidate on a major US party ticket, has died, aged 75. Ferraro catapulted to national prominence in 1984 when she was chosen by presidential nominee Walter Mondale to run against incumbents Ronald Reagan and George Bush Sr in 1984. In the end, Reagan won 49 of 50 states, the largest landslide since Franklin D Roosevelt's first re-election over Alf Landon in 1936. But Ferraro had forever sealed her place as trailblazer for women in national politics in 1984. She paved the way for Hillary Clinton's historic presidential bid in 2008 and Republican John McCain's choice of a once obscure Alaska governor, Sarah Palin, as his running mate. Mondale said she was "a remarkable woman and a dear human being". "She was a pioneer in our country for justice for women and a more open society. She broke a lot of moulds and it's a better country for what she did."


Who played 'The Charmer' in the TV series of that name?

The Charmer (TV Mini-Series 1987) - IMDb The Charmer  A drama series set in 1930s Britain, detailing the exploits of Ralph Gorse, a conman, seducer and murderer. Stars: a list of 7850 titles created 08 Nov 2013 a list of 66 titles created 17 Feb 2014 a list of 62 titles created 15 Jun 2014 a list of 289 titles created 18 Nov 2014 a list of 864 titles created 07 Dec 2014 Search for " The Charmer " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Ruth has everything. A large, warty body, a standard house in the suburbs, two whiney children, a dog, a cat and a guinea pig. She also has Bobo, her unfaithful accountant husband who ... See full summary  » Stars: Dennis Waterman, Patricia Hodge, Julie T. Wallace The life of the Larkin family, farmers in Kent. Stars: David Jason, Pam Ferris, Stephanie Ralph During WW2, in a fictional British seaside town, a ragtag group of Home Guard local defense volunteers prepare for an imminent German invasion. Stars: Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier, Clive Dunn A tough detective who is part of an elite New York City unit is trying to find out who killed his partner, but uncovers a plot to kidnap mobsters for money. Director: Philip D'Antoni Two British track athletes, one a determined Jew and the other a devout Christian, compete in the 1924 Olympics. Director: Hugh Hudson A story of unrequited love set in 1930s London. Stars: Bryan Dick, Sally Hawkins, Zoë Tapper David Powlett-Jones has just returned to England from the trenches of WWI. He was injured and shell-shocked and, after a spell in hospital he gets a job teaching in a boys boarding school ... See full summary  » Stars: John Duttine, Frank Middlemass, Alan MacNaughtan A woman is murdered, but she is seen in different ways by different people. Director: Anthony Asquith Edit Storyline A drama series set in 1930s Britain, detailing the exploits of Ralph Gorse, a conman, seducer and murderer. 18 October 1987 (UK) See more  » Also Known As: Did You Know? Trivia Philip Hinchcliffe has said this series is one of his proudest achievements as a producer. See more » Connections A clever show about the rise and fall of a 1930s con man! 6 August 2003 | by gazebo (New York City) – See all my reviews I saw "The Charmer" years ago when it was on PBS. That was the first time I ever saw Nigel Havers. He was perfect for the role! Nigel Havers blonde handsomeness was a great direct contrast to the evil that was inside Gorse. Nigel Havers played this role so well, I heard that even after the series ended, alot of women wanted this character to return to the screen! We watch how Gorse charms his way with women to get money and how he ruins everybody around him. I won't say what the ending is, but it was absolutely satisfying as we see Gorse get his just desserts! This was a totally compelling, mesmerizing show as we can't help but watch a psychopath's rise and fall! I highly recommend this show! 13 of 14 people found this review helpful.  Was this review helpful to you? Yes


Which Scottish poet had the middle name 'Topaz'?

McGonagall Online – Awful Poet who Didn’t Know it is one of the few — very few — Scottish poems (“sic”, MacDiarmid) of which natives know more than a line: “Beautiful Railway Bridge of the Silv’ry Tay Alas! I am very sorry to say That ninety lives have been taken away On the last Sabbath day of 1879. Which will be remembered for a very long time.” After that Dundee and McGonagall were synonymous, which is why some McGonagallites looked askance when they heard that a supper was to be held on Thursday in his honour at the Aberdour Hotel, Dumfries, in the heart of Burns country. Fortified with soup, stovies and Dundee cake, which a spokesman for the hotel says there is a dearth of in Galloway, those attending will be regaled with readings from the poet’s sundry works: Poetic Gems, More Poetic Gems, Still More Poetic Gems, Yet More Poetic Gems Sylvester Stallone eat your heart out. Dundee’s turn to honour him comes later this year when its 800th anniversary celebrations include a play, just possibly the unveiling of a plaque, and a proposed appearance by Billy Connolly, who empathises with the way the “funny wee man” was treated by Dundee. “Time after time he warned Dundee that if the city didn’t treat him better he would seek his fortune elsewhere.” IT’S a different story now. “We very much want to honour McGonagall with several events,” is the official line from Dundee 800. The question on many people’s lips is why? Why associate yourself with the worst in the world? Why hold yourself up to ridicule? Why adopt Sir William Topaz McGonagall, Knight of the White Elephant, so dubbed by students, when he was born in Edinburgh? They keep very quiet about this in the Festival City, but the facts are indisputable. McGonagall was born in the Grassmarket, either in 1825 or 1830, in penurious circumstances. Both his parents were Irish, and it has been suggested that scholars should look west for peculiarities of the tragedian’s gift, to the Celtic oral tradition. “My parents were poor, but honest, sober. and God-fearing.” he wrote. His father was a hand-weaver. When the cotton-trade in Edinburgh collapsed the family decamped to Paisley, then Glasgow, where he went to school. He came to Dundee when he was 11, starting work in a mill where he “learned to be an expert hand-loom weaver … and began to take a great delight in reading books.” Shakespeare was his favourite author and when he made his stage debut he played Macbeth, prolonging the fight scene with Macduff. While some actors specialised in dying, McGonagall preferred to give audiences a good duel, and he would swashbuckle interminably, roared on by the crowd. It is typical of McGonagall that he never grasped the difference between an audience yelling “rhubarb” and “encore”; he carried on regardless of public reaction. His could be a hard role to bear, as he observed in his New Year’s Resolution to Leave Dundee (“Every morning when I go out/ The ignorant rabble they do shout/ There goes Mad McGonagall”) but this was a rare display of resentment. With more stamina than those who today head straight for the arts council when creditors chap, he made his way by selling his poems on the street. Only once was he paid for a poem, two guineas for a paean to Sunlight Soap : “You can use it with great pleasure and ease Without wasting any elbow grease: And when washing the most dirty clothes The sweat won’t be dripping from your nose.” Such effusions seem to adhere to the page; to catch the essence of McGonagall, he should be read aloud. As Clive James said of Shirley Conran, he always tells us exactly what we do not need to know. “He never selects,” says Parsons, “but piles on details of utter banality in awkward rambling dirges which often end suddenly and arbitrarily with a perfunctory moral. The experience is like that of being driven unsteadily down a meandering road in a rattling old banger, which finally turns abruptly into a brick wall.” They were certainly not the stuff of which fortunes are made, and McGonagall sacrificed much for his art. On good nights he would make 4/9d, once


In which year was Britain's currency decimalised?

How Britain converted to decimal currency - BBC News BBC News How Britain converted to decimal currency By Len Freeman BBC News 5 February 2011 Image caption Shoppers had to learn how to use decimalised currency from 15 February 1971 Do you remember the tanner, shilling, florin and half crown? If you do, you must be at least in your 40s, because it was back in February 1971, 40 years ago, that Britain "went decimal" and hundreds of years of everyday currency was turned into history overnight. On 14 February that year, there were 12 pennies to the shilling and 20 shillings to the pound. The following day all that was history and the pound was made up of 100 new pence. Decimalisation - having a currency based on simple multiples of 10 and 100 - had been a long time coming to Britain. France and the United States had gone decimal in the 1790s. Britain first thought about doing the same in the 1820s but the idea did not gather momentum. Prior to 1971, the closest Britain came to decimalisation was in 1849 with the introduction of the florin - a coin worth two shillings (24 old pence or 10 new pence) which was one-tenth of a pound. See all the old coins From the farthing to the florin and half crown. Images from the Royal Mint. In pictures: Pre-decimal currency During the 1960s a number of Commonwealth countries had gone decimal - Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. "There was a sense in which there was a momentum behind this," said Dr Kevin Clancy, head of historical services at the Royal Mint. "It would have been a huge disruption, which was one of the reasons governments shied away from it." "The old money in fact linked right the way back to ancient times," said Catherine Eagleton, curator of modern money at the British Museum. "So it's the pound of silver divided into 240 pence. It was the historic way the Romans used their money and divided up the [librum, solidus and] denarius which was where the d in L.s.d. (or £sd) for pounds, shillings and pence comes from." Quick decision But remarkably it took the government only seconds to decide to get rid of the currency that had served Britain for thousands of years. It happened one day when the then Chancellor of the Exchequer Jim Callaghan popped next door to see Prime Minister Harold Wilson. Find out more Archive on 4: Decimal day - What's that in old money is on Radio 4 at 2000 GMT on Saturday 5 February Or listen again on the iPlayer The economist Peter Jay, who was also Mr Callaghan's son-in-law, recalled: "They talked for about 20 seconds and Wilson said 'well why not' and that is how the decision was made... in a few seconds a century and half of argument about decimalisation came to an end." The decision was announced to Parliament in 1966. In reality, the change-over between currencies was a gradual process. The Decimal Currency Board (DCB) was created to manage the transition. Some three years before "D-Day" or Decimal Day, new 5p and 10p coins were introduced. They were of the same size and value as the existing one and two shilling coins. Then in 1969, a 50p coin was introduced to replace the 10-shilling note. The 50p coin was referred to as a 10-shilling coin at the time. On Monday 15 February 1971, the process was completed when the 0.5p, 1p and 2p coins were introduced. The banks were closed for four days from the previous Thursday to prepare for the change-over. Save the sixpence One old coin that survived longer than expected was the sixpence. Worth 2.5p, it remained in circulation until 1980, after a public campaign to keep it. Old money speak Many sayings and phrases in the English language relate to our old money. Here are just a few: "Spend a penny" "You look like you have lost half a crown and found sixpence." "A penny for your thoughts" "It can turn on a sixpence" "Bob-a-job week" "Take the King's shilling" Dick Taverne, who was chief secretary to the Treasury a year before decimalisation said: "There was a passionate public campaign 'save our sixpence'. "People were very fond of the coin. They said it was part of our heritage. It was thought a ter


Which General took command of the French forces at Verdun at the beginning of 1916?

Battle of Verdun begins - Feb 21, 1916 - HISTORY.com Battle of Verdun begins Publisher A+E Networks At 7:12 a.m. on the morning of February 21, 1916, a shot from a German Krupp 38-centimeter long-barreled gun—one of over 1,200 such weapons set to bombard French forces along a 20-kilometer front stretching across the Meuse River—strikes a cathedral in Verdun, France, beginning the Battle of Verdun, which would stretch on for 10 months and become the longest conflict of World War I. By the beginning of 1916, the war in France, from the Swiss border to the English Channel, had settled into the long slog of trench warfare. Despite the hard conditions in the trenches, Erich von Falkenhayn, chief of staff of the German army, believed that the key to winning the war lay not in confronting Russia in the east but in defeating the French in a major battle on the Western Front. In December 1915, Falkenhayn convinced the kaiser, over the objections of other military leaders such as Paul von Hindenburg, that in combination with unrestricted submarine warfare at sea, a major French loss in battle would push the British—whom Falkenhayn saw as the most potent of the Allies—out of the war. The chosen mark of Falkenhayn’s offensive was the fortress city of Verdun, on the Meuse River in France. The city was selected because in addition to its symbolic importance—it was the last stronghold to fall in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War—it was possible to attack the fortress city from three sides, which made it a good strategic target. Ignoring intelligence that warned of a possible German attack in the region, French command had begun in 1915 to strip its forces at Verdun of the heavy artillery essential to defensive warfare, choosing instead to focus on an offensive strategy masterminded by General Ferdinand Foch, the director of the army’s prestigious War College, and dubbed Plan XVII. Thus the German attack of February 21 caught the French relatively unprepared. From the beginning, the Battle of Verdun resulted in heavy losses on both sides. Falkenhayn famously admitted that he did not aim to take the city quickly and decisively, but to bleed the French white, even if it meant an increased number of German casualties. Within four days of the start of the bombardment on the Meuse, the French forward divisions had suffered over 60 percent casualties; German losses were almost as heavy. After a few quick German gains of territory, the battle settled into a stalemate, as casualties swiftly mounted on both sides. The newly promoted French commander in the region, Henri-Philippe Petain, was determined to inflict the maximum amount of damage on the German forces, famously pledging to his commander-in-chief, Joseph Joffre, that, They shall not pass. By the latter half of 1917, German resources were stretched thinner by having to confront both a British-led offensive on the Somme River and Russia’s Brusilov Offensive on the Eastern Front. In July, the kaiser, frustrated by the state of things at Verdun, removed Falkenhayn and sent him to command the 9th Army in Transylvania; Paul von Hindenburg took his place. Petain had been replaced in April by Robert Nivelle, who by early December had managed to lead his forces in the recapture of much of their lost territory. From December 15 to 18, the French took 11,000 German prisoners; on December 18, Hindenburg finally called a stop to the German attacks after ten long months. With a German death toll of 143,000 (out of 337,000 total casualties) and a French one of 162,440 (out of 377,231), Verdun would come to signify, more than any other battle, the grinding, bloody nature of warfare on the Western Front during World War I. Related Videos


Which Russian composer 1882-1971, wrote the ballets 'Firebird' and 'Petrushka'?

Stravinsky, Igor (1882 - 1971) - Credo Reference Embedding articles is subject to our Terms of use . [{"style":"mla","pubnonperiodical":{"title":"Topic Pages","city":"Boston","publisher":"Credo Reference Publisher Contributors","year":2017,"state":"MA"},"pubtype":{"main":"pubnonperiodical","suffix":"pubdatabase"},"pubdatabase":{"year":"2017","month":"January","day":"20","yearaccessed":"2017","monthaccessed":"January","dayaccessed":"20","service":"Credo Reference","db":"Credo Reference","searchtext":"http://search.credoreference.com/content/topic/stravinsky_igor_1882_1971"},"source":"chapter","chapter":{"title":"Stravinsky, Igor (1882 - 1971)","type":"essay"}}] Topic Page: Stravinsky, Igor (1882 - 1971) Summary Article: Stravinsky, Igor Fyodorovich from The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide Image from: Igor Stravinsky in Great Lives: A Century in Obituaries Russian composer, later of French (1934) and US (1945) nationality. He studied under Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and wrote the music for the Diaghilev ballets The Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), and The Rite of Spring (1913), which were highly controversial at the time for their use of driving rhythms and bi-tonal harmonies. At the first performance of The Rite of Spring the audience's reaction caused a riot. His works also include symphonies, concertos (for violin and piano), chamber music, and operas; for example, The Rake's Progress (1951) and The Flood (1962). Stravinsky was one of the most important composers of the 20th century, who arguably determined the course of music for the rest of the century more than any other composer. His versatile work ranges from his neoclassical ballet Pulcinella (1920) to the choral-orchestral Symphony of Psalms (1930). In such works as the Canticum Sacrum (1955) and the ballet Agon (1953–57), he made use of serial techniques; this was only after the death of Arnold Schoenberg in 1951, as during Schoenberg's lifetime Stravinsky was seen as the main opposition to this technique. Stravinsky was born near St Petersburg, where his father, Fyodor Stravinsky, was the leading bass at the Imperial Opera. His creative output can be divided into three distinct phases, beginning with Russian nationalism and continuing through neoclassicism to twelve-note technique. In 1903 he met Rimsky-Korsakov at Heidelberg and played him his early compositions, but did not become his pupil until 1907. By this time he had finished a piano sonata, begun a symphony, and married his second cousin, Nadezhda Sulima, in 1906. In 1908 he had the symphony performed and wrote the orchestral piece Fireworks for the marriage of Nadia Rimsky-Korsakov and Maximilian Steinberg, and a Funeral Chant on Rimsky-Korsakov's death. The performance of the Fantastic Scherzo in 1909 attracted the attention of the impresario Sergei Diaghilev, who commissioned Stravinsky to write The Firebird for the Ballets Russes. It was produced in Paris in 1910, and Stravinsky began to be known in Western Europe. Petruskha followed in 1911 and The Rite of Spring in 1913; both were produced in Paris, where the latter provoked much protest and fanatical support. In spite of the wild public protest at its premiere, The Rite of Spring was soon successfully performed all over Europe, Russia, and the USA, establishing Stravinsky, with Schoenberg, as the leading avant-garde composer of his time. In 1914 he settled on Lake Geneva, Switzerland, and in Paris the same year Diaghilev produced the fairy-tale opera-ballet The Nightingale. From 1914 Stravinsky became as well known in London as in Paris, and in 1925 made his first tour of the USA. In the inter-war years many of his works were written in the spirit of neoclassicism, beginning with the ballet Pulcinella in 1920, based on pieces written by Giovanni Pergolesi (he actually wrote all over Pergolesi's original score), and continuing with the concerto for piano with wind instruments in 1924. Oedipus Rex, an opera-oratorio after Sophocles, was premiered in 1927, followed by the classically-inspired ballet Apollon Musagète in


Which sea lies between European and Asian Turkey and between the Bosporus and the Dardanelles?

Dardanelles | strait, Turkey | Britannica.com Dardanelles Alternative Titles: Çanakkale Bŏgazi, Hellespont Related Topics Northwest Passage Dardanelles, formerly Hellespont, Turkish Çanakkale Boğazı, narrow strait in northwestern Turkey , 38 miles (61 km) long and 0.75 to 4 miles (1.2 to 6.5 km) wide, linking the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara . The city of Dardanus in the Troad (territory around ancient Troy ), where Mithradates VI (king of Pontus ) and Sulla (the Roman general) signed a treaty in 85 bce, gave the strait its name. Dardanelles. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Dardanelles lies between the peninsula of Gallipoli in Europe (northwest) and the mainland of Asia Minor (southeast). It has an average depth of 180 feet (55 metres) and reaches a maximum depth of 300 feet (90 metres) in the narrowest central section. There is a rapid surface current from the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean and a compensatory undercurrent returning more saline water. Important ports along the shores of the Dardanelles are Gallipoli , Eceabat, and Çanakkale . Many famous castles stand along its banks. The waters are rich in various kinds of fish that migrate between the Black and Aegean seas via the Bosporus strait, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles. Çanakkale, Turkey, on the southern coast of the Dardanelles. © William J. Bowe The Dardanelles holds a significant place in history. As the Hellespont, it was the scene of the Greek legend of the two lovers Hero and Leander . The ancient city of Troy defended the strait from its strategic position at the southwest end (Asian side). In 480 bce the Persian army of Xerxes I crossed the strait by a bridge of boats. Alexander the Great did the same in 334 bce on his expedition against Persia. The strait has always been of great strategic and economic importance as the gateway to Istanbul and the Black Sea from the Mediterranean . The strait was forced by a British fleet under Adm. Sir John T. Duckworth in 1807. During World War I the Allies failed to capture it, although a British submarine penetrated the minefields and sank a Turkish battleship off the Golden Horn, an inlet on the Bosporus. The location of the Dardanelles has given it international political importance (see Straits Question ). Map of the Dardanelles (c. 1900), from the 10th edition of Encyclopædia … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Dardanelles - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) A ribbon of water, only 38 miles (61 kilometers) long and from 34 to 4 miles (1.2 to 6.4 kilometers) wide, separates the continent of Europe from the westernmost tip of Asia Minor. This strategically important strait is the Dardanelles, in northwestern Turkey. It leads from the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara and then through the Bosporus strait to the Black Sea. Thus the Dardanelles is the outer gateway to a great productive area. The world’s ships must pass through here to reach the grain ports of Ukraine and the oil ports of Romania and the Caucasus region. The western side of the strait is formed by the Gallipoli Peninsula. Major ports along its shores are Gallipoli, Eceabat, and Canakkale, and many famous castles stand along its banks. Article History