Who wrote the melody of the song Keep the Home Fires Burning ?

First World War.com - Vintage Audio - Keep The Home Fires Burning Vintage Audio - Keep The Home Fires Burning Sponsored Links Reproduced below are the    lyrics to the hugely popular wartime song written in 1914, Keep The Home    Fires Burning, music by Ivor Novello and words by Lena Ford.  The song is also popularly known as Till The Boys Came Home. The obvious sentimentality    of the song lent it increased popularity for families at home than to    soldiers serving on the various wartime fronts. The song's tremendous    success brought Ivor Novello overnight fame, launching a hugely successful    post-war career; although he also served with the Royal Naval Air Service    (RNAS) as a pilot from 1916. Two versions of the song    are available here.  Use the player above to listen to a recording performed by popular wartime vocalist John    McCormack in 1917, and to a recording by Stanley Kirkby made a year earlier in 1916. Keep the Home Fires    Burning They were summoned from the    hillside They were called in from the glen, And the country found them ready At the stirring call for men. Let no tears add to their hardships As the soldiers pass along, And although your heart is breaking Make it sing this cheery song: Keep the Home Fires    Burning, While your hearts are yearning, Though your lads are far away They dream of home. Through the dark clouds shining, Turn the dark cloud inside out 'Til the boys come home. Overseas there came a    pleading, "Help a nation in distress." And we gave our glorious laddies Honour bade us do no less, For no gallant son of freedom To a tyrant's yoke should bend, And a noble heart must answer To the sacred call of "Friend." Keep the Home Fires    Burning, While your hearts are yearning, Though your lads are far away They dream of home. Through the dark clouds shining, Turn the dark cloud inside out 'Til the boys come home. Sponsored Links Saturday, 22 August, 2009 Michael Duffy An "incendiary shell" is an artillery shell packed with highly flammable material, such as magnesium and phosphorous, intended to start and spread fire when detonated. - Did you know?


Who introduced the 'New Look' in women's fashion in February 1947 ?

Marie Trepanier (a Prettier Place): The New Look (1947) The New Look (1947) Christian Dior (F/W 1954)  On February 12, 1947, Dior launched his first fashion collection for Spring/Summer 1947 and put an end to the wartime styles that had dominated fashion ever since 1939. The new collection went down in fashion history as the "New Look" after Harpar’s Bazaar editor-in-chief Carmel exclamation, "It's such a New Look!" During World War II, designers and clothes makers had been forced to adjust their styles to wartime cloth restrictions and rationing due to lack of materials; women's clothes were close fitting, with square shoulders and shorter skirts. Though clothing restrictions were still in effect in France, UK and the US in 1947, Dior's New Look collection violated all the rules of wartime fashion: his outfits had rounded shoulders, full skirts and a narrow waist. The dresses were lined with expensive and luxurious fabrics such as cambric or taffeta and were beautifully detailed. Outfits were accessorized with a hat, often worn to one side, long gloves and simple jewelry. As Dior described it when the clothing line was introduced, the New Look was "symbolic of youth and the future." Jean Dessès (1951)                                                        Victor Stiebel (1950) Balenciaga (1955) Dior's New Look clothes created an international sensation. Critics scolded the designer for ignoring the continued rationing and the economic distress of the war years. They complained that manufacturers didn't have enough cloth to make Dior's full skirts and that women didn't have enough money to buy them. One British politician claimed that the longer skirt was the "ridiculous whim of idle people," while protestors in Paris called out, "40,000 francs for a dress and our children have no milk," according to Nigel Cawthorne, author of The New Look: The Dior Revolution. But women and other designers disagreed. The first women to see the designs at Paris fashion shows raved that femininity had returned to women's clothes. Designers imitated Dior's look for their collections and quickly produced ready-to-wear New Look-inspired clothing lines. (Ready-to-wear refers to clothes that can be bought "off the rack" as opposed to custom designed, tailored clothing.)        Jean Dessès (1953)                                                       Pierre Balmain (1950) The New Look killed off the utility clothing of the war years and ushered in a new era in fashion. By 1948 the New Look was the dominant fashion in Paris, London and New York. It continued to be popular for several years. Photos from the Albert and Victoria Museum, London Article sources  from the Fashion Encyclopedia and Wikipedia


Who played the title role in the 1943 Hollywood film version of The Phantom of the Opera ?

Phantom of the Opera (1943) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Phantom of the Opera ( 1943 ) Approved | A disfigured violinist haunts the Paris Opera House. Director: a list of 21 titles created 27 Aug 2011 a list of 30 titles created 14 Jul 2012 a list of 40 titles created 10 Mar 2014 a list of 32 titles created 02 Oct 2014 a list of 30 titles created 2 months ago Title: Phantom of the Opera (1943) 6.5/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     2     Oscars. Another    2 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Directors: Rupert Julian, Lon Chaney, and 2 more credits  » Stars: Lon Chaney, Mary Philbin, Norman Kerry A practical man returns to his homeland, is attacked by a creature of folklore, and infected with a horrific disease his disciplined mind tells him can not possibly exist. Director: George Waggner A scientist finds a way of becoming invisible, but in doing so, he becomes murderously insane. Director: James Whale Terror strikes the London Opera House as a new opera is disrupted by the actions of a deformed specter of the show's past who has an obsession with one of the production's chorus girl. Director: Terence Fisher A living mummy stalks the beautiful woman he believes is the reincarnation of his lover. Director: Karl Freund A strange prehistoric beast lurks in the depths of the Amazonian jungle. A group of scientists try to capture the animal and bring it back to civilization for study. Director: Jack Arnold Mary Shelley reveals the main characters of her novel survived: Dr. Frankenstein, goaded by an even madder scientist, builds his monster a mate. Director: James Whale The ancient vampire Count Dracula arrives in England and begins to prey upon the virtuous young Mina. Director: Tod Browning The owner of a coal mining operation, falsely imprisoned for fratricide, takes a drug to make him invisible, despite its side effect: gradual madness. Director: Joe May An obsessed scientist assembles a living being from parts of exhumed corpses. Director: James Whale A darker version of the classic Gaston Leroux novel. A young soprano becomes the obsession of a horribly disfigured composer who has plans for those who oppose himself or the young singer. Director: Dwight H. Little After being awakened, Larry Talbot chips Frankenstein's Monster out of a block of ice. When Talbot changes to the Wolf Man, the two creatures battle each other. Director: Roy William Neill Edit Storyline Pit violinist Claudin hopelessly loves rising operatic soprano Christine Dubois (as do baritone Anatole and police inspector Raoul) and secretly aids her career. But Claudin loses both his touch and his job, murders a rascally music publisher in a fit of madness, and has his face etched with acid. Soon, mysterious crimes plague the Paris Opera House, blamed on a legendary "phantom" whom none can find in the mazes and catacombs. But both of Christine's lovers have plans to ferret him out. Written by Rod Crawford <puffinus@u.washington.edu> In flaming Technicolor! See more  » Genres: 27 August 1943 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: El fantasma de la ópera See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The original script revealed Claudin to be Christine's father, who abandoned her and her mother in order to pursue a musical career. When this was excised from the final film, it left Claudin's obsession with Christine unexplained. See more » Goofs The use of a stunt-double for Claude Rains at the climactic cave-in is very obvious! The double has a bigger physique than Rains, and curly hair. See more » Quotes [Claudin is talking to Christine as they descend into the catacombs beneath the Opera] Enrique Claudin : See? Didn't I tell you it was beautiful? You didn't know we had a lake all to ourselves, did you? [Christine covers her face and sob


What is the star sign for the 1st August ?

August 1 Horoscope | Famous Birthdays August 1 Horoscope August 1st Zodiac As a Leo born on August 1st, you are characterized by your highly extroverted nature. You are energized by new people and use your warm personality to be quite charming. While others are fearful of the spotlight, you actively seek it, as you thrive in situations where you are the center of attention. Similarly, you are a natural leader and rarely hesitate to take control of situations. Although your friends and family may find you a bit overbearing at time, your loving nature easily melts away their frustrations. August 1st Element Fire is the Leo's paired element and you actually have a cardinal relationship with the element. Like a strong flame, your passion and enthusiasm burns with great conviction when taking on a challenge. Fire's influence is one of your greatest assets, as it helps you conquer goals with great determination. Take care to acknowledge the negative influences of fire, which can sometimes cause flashes of impulsiveness, arrogance and impatience. August 1st Planetary Influence The Sun is the ruling planet of the Leo and because you were born on the last day of the first Decan, or part, of the sign, you experience twice the Sun's planetary influence. The Sun is the planet of integration and it powers the individuality, willpower, creativity and ego that are so prevalent in your personality. You are often motivated by your pride and although it allows you to hide your insecurities, you occasionally run the risk of being arrogant. In order to counter this potential flaw, make sure to open up to those closest too you, as this will be key to your personal growth. August 1st Career A variety of careers match well with your natural gifts of confidence, leadership and creativity. Your determination would be well suited for careers in business, sales or law. Your need for the spotlight and creative ability could lead to a successful career in entertainment as well. If you are musically inclined, look to the work of Jerry Garcia, who was also born on August 1st, for inspiration. If acting seems more appealing, you may take a lesson from the warm acting style of Tempestt Bledsoe, another of your birthday twins. August 1st Sabian Symbol The Sabian Symbol for your birthday is early morning dew sprinkled as sunlight hits a field. You may have recently experienced, or will soon be experiencing, a difficult trial or challenge. Although you will experience stress, it is important to keep your inner strength and faith. Remember that once you overcome your obstacles, you will experience inner peace and warmth. Celebrity Relationships Here are a few Leo celebrities born on August 1st and their past or present romantic connections:


On a rail journey from London to Brighton, from which London terminus station do you depart ?

London: Railway Stations - TripAdvisor London: Railway Stations Review a place you’ve visited JOIN We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for London each week. London Traveler Article: London is a city with twelve major railway stations around the central area of the city. Each station has train services to different regions of the country. Cannon Street: Local stopping services to South East London, and outer suburban services to Kent. Charing Cross: Services to Kent, and the south coast of England.  Local stopping services to Lewisham, Blackheath/Greenwich and south east London. Euston:  Terminus of West Coast Main Line - services to Birmingham (New Street), Manchester, Liverpool, the Lake District and Glasgow.  Overnight sleeper trains to Scottish destinations (Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Inverness and Fort William) also depart from Euston.  Local stopping services to Watford, Milton Keynes and Northampton. Fenchurch Street : Local stopping services to East London suburbs and the Essex coast. Kings Cross: Terminus of East Coast Main Line - services to Peterborough, York, Leeds, Newcastle, Edinburgh and Aberdeen.   Local stopping trains to North London suburbs, Hertfordshire and onwards to Cambridge. London Bridge :  Local stopping services to South London suburbs as well as commuter services to Kent. Liverpool Street :  Terminus of  Great Eastern Main Line - services to East Anglia (Ipswich, Lowestoft and Norwich), local services to East London suburbs and the Essex coast.  Express services to Stansted Airport. Service to Southend Airport Marylebone:  Terminus of Chiltern Line - commuter services to Buckinghamshire towns, Banbury and Birmingham (Snow Hill) Paddington:   Terminus of Great Western Main Line - services to Oxford, Swindon, Bath, Bristol and the South West of England.  Also terminus for the Heathrow Express. St Pancras:   Terminus of Midland Main Line and High Speed One - services to Luton (incl. Luton Airport), Nottingham, Derby and Sheffield.  Eurostar international services to Paris (Gare du Nord) and Brussels.  High Speed services to Kent (from December 2009) Victoria :   Terminus of the Brighton Main Line - services to Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.  Local stopping services to South London suburbs. Waterloo : Terminus of the South Western Main line - services to Bournemouth, Southampton and towns along the Dorset coast.  Eurostar trains run frequently to Brussels , Lille (France) & Paris via the Channel Tunnel from St Pancras International Station .   Airports London City (LCY) London City is in East London in the old Docklands.  There is a DLR (Docklands Light Railway) station which connects to the Jubilee Line Underground at Canning Town and the Central and Northern Lines at Bank. Heathrow (LHR) Heathrow is the worst served of all London ’s airports for rail links.   A non-stop service call The Heathrow Express runs to Paddington Station, however this service is very expensive (about £16 single) even though the journey is only around 10-15 minutes.  There is also a cheaper, less frequent service called The Heathrow Connect which runs the same route, but also stops at intermediate stations.    Heathrow is the only London airport with an underground station.  The Piccadilly Line runs from Heathrow to central London with stations at Earls Court, Piccadilly Circus and Covent Garden.  Average journey time around 50 minutes, but can be quite unpleasant and overcrowded at peak times.  There is also an easy change at Hammersmith for the District Line to Westminster.  Gatwick (LGW ) Gatwick is served by the Gatwick Express  with frequent departures direct to Victoria .   There are also Southern Railway trains to Victoria or Brighton .   These are normal trains and may be crowded at peak times.   These are cheaper than the Express and some trains are just as quick.   First Capital Connect trains also stop at Gatwick and these trains run from Brighton, in the south, to Luton or Bedford , in the north of London .   They also stop at London Bridge and the basement level of St Pa


Who was Home Secretary at the time of the Sydney Street Siege of 1911 ?

London - Sidney Street Siege - British Pathé This video has no sound Description "Houndsditch Assassins at bay, Besieged by soldiers and Armed Police." MS group of policemen and civilians standing across street in a line in a a pose for the camera (14). MS two Scots Guards and some civilians by a terraced house (25). Guard, man and small girl by doorway (33). CS three policemen and a civilian (44). A large body of policemen with some Scots Guards armed with rifles beside a shop (W. Walker, at north end of Sidney Street) (63). "The maxim gun proceeding to fight". (66). Line of Guards with rifles running along street past camera. (80). Street with trams; soldiers on horseback with field guns (no Maxim gun visible) in tow (109). "Troops firing at the murderers in Sydney (sic) Street" (112). MLS view across street at W. Walker shop, line of soldiers, some crouching, with body of police behind them (119). Shop with name M. Abraham (no. 123); soldier runs through doorway to the left; man (Special Branch?) fires a pistol from the doorway (129). A soldier aiming rifle and firing from doorway of restaurant at no. 129 (139). "Mr. Winston Churchill, Home Secretary, watching the battle with the chiefs of Police and Detectives" (143). CS men in bowler hats walk past camera (144). MS corner shop no. 114 with group of officials, armed policemen and on the far left Winston Churchill; he talks to his neighbours and gesticulates (166). View across street (no. 129, next to W. Walker in background) with Churchill at the head of a group of officials and policemen looking leftwards (171). Jump cut to closer shot, Churchill then moving out of shot to left (175). "The Besieged House catches Fire" (179). Firemen pulling hose from engine (187). view over wall at smoke rising from back of 100 Sidney Street (200). Policemen walking left past W. Walker shop (209). View along Sidney Street showing no. 100 on fire to left, fire engine in street, civilians watching, fire hose in action (244). "Removing the bodies of the murdered and injured firemen" (247). Ms view down at doorway to no. 100 looking past fire engine ladder as a body is carried out followed by other injured firemen (279). View down at crowded street, people stepping out of the way as fire engine goes past, bell ringing (291). Large crowd of civilians in street (298). Similar view of large crowd (310). Similar shot, many looking at the camera (318 ft). Notes: the Siege of Sidney Street took place on the 3rd of January 1911 after police learned of the hiding place (100 Sidney Street) of some of the anarchists implicated in the earlier murder of three policemen in Houndsditch. The two men in the house were both killed. The title referring to a 'murdered' fireman is incorrect - one died when firemen entered the house when the siege was over and part of it collapsed. Winston Churchill was then Home Secretary and was much criticised for being present. Alternative Spelling for search purposes: Sydney Street. This is last item on digibeta 3474. Tags


What is the star sign for the 1st April ?

April 1 - Birthday Horoscope Personality | Sun Signs Birthday Meanings Of People Born On 1st April (Zodiac Sign Aries)   IF YOUR BIRTHDAY IS April 1, you are an approachable but straightforward Aries. You are high-spirited and just full of positive emotions. Alternatively, you can be self-absorbed but you consider others. You are the family member that usually stands out and stands up so when it comes down to you needing help, you hesitate to ask anyone for it. Because of this attitude, you can become withdrawn and have negative thoughts. Aries birthdate horoscope for April 1st, predicts that you may start to feel as if nobody cares for you when in fact, they do not have a clue as to how you are feeling. Do not be so contrary. You are resilient so you never stay down for long but even that is too long of an unnecessary silence. The 1st April birthday astrology analysis hows that Aries born individuals are eager to love. You are a cheerful bowl of charisma and ideas… romantic ideas. Yes indeed… you who are born on this day are a pleasure to be around. Mainly, you are sentimental, gentle and impulsive when it comes to love and your partnerships. Of the other signs, sexual compatibility by birth date report for April 1, shows you are highly physical in nature. More to the point, you are a sex addict. When you can find that your soulmate who meets you half way, then you will have one loyal, protective and passionate Arian. Normally your sights are not on long-term commitments but you know when you have hit the jackpot and put 100% of your heart into it. What your birth day says about you is that once you set your mind to something, you do not quit until the task is accomplished. You do not mind hard work or the vicissitudes in life. It is what makes you stronger. You who are born this birthday April 1,  know that obstacles will come but they become a thing of the past eventually. Besides, anything worth having is worth working for. For an Aries, success is bliss with someone to share it with. According to the April 1 birthdate analysis, usually you are active and have few health problems. Minor health issues catch up with you when you are still but it gives you the opportunity to reflect on past efforts. It is important for you to be emotionally stable to keep in touch with your inner being. You crave things for a reason other than it being a subliminal message from a commercial. Take that and go to a physician of your choice. With your future so bright, you will want to live to see your old age. The April 1st birthdate personality traits seen in you is that your restlessness encourages your impatience and argumentative personality. Those born on this day are opinionated as well. Because you get bored easily, you prefer the company of a few friends but still enjoy your peace and quiet. This may sound as though Aries are negative influences but you just have your way of doing things. Deep down, you are full of positive qualities and vigor. Those Arians born on a zodiac birth date April 1 are encouraged to be more patient and tactful. On the surface, you may seem to rough around the edges but inside, you are a gentle and passionate soul. You love making love to someone that wants the same thing as you do. As the April 1st birthday meaning opines, you are determined to get the job done but need to take time out to get at least a yearly physical. Obstacles are only stepping-stones to something greater, you believe. Yes, that is right… What doesn’t kill ya’ will make you stronger, if you learn from your mistakes or troubled times. This Day That Year – 1 April In History: 1748 – Pompeii ruins found 1866 – Presidential veto is rejected by Congress that gives equal rights to all in the  US 1873 – 547 people die on the British White Star steamship in Nova Scotia 1916 – First time US national women’s swimming championships held 1924 – Gen Ludendorff released but Hitler sentenced to 5 years Celebrities Born On April 1st: Susan Boyle, Jimmy Cliff, Jon Gosselin, William Harvey, Ali MacGraw, Randy Orton, Debbie Reynolds, Hillary Scott, Se


Who played the title role in the 1962 Hammer film version of The Phantom of the Opera ?

The Phantom of the Opera (1962) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Phantom of the Opera ( 1962 ) Unrated | Terror strikes the London Opera House as a new opera is disrupted by the actions of a deformed specter of the show's past who has an obsession with one of the production's chorus girl. Director: Anthony Hinds (screenplay) (as John Elder), Gaston Leroux (composition) Stars: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 32 titles created 22 Mar 2011 a list of 25 titles created 18 Jun 2011 a list of 33 titles created 03 Oct 2014 a list of 40 titles created 26 Jun 2015 a list of 31 titles created 20 Sep 2015 Title: The Phantom of the Opera (1962) 6.4/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Loosely based on Josephine Tey's "Brat Farrar;" a man long believed dead returns to the family estate to claim his inheritance. Director: Freddie Francis When car trouble strands a honeymooning couple in a small Southern European village, an aristocratic family in the area reaches out to help them with sinister consequences. Director: Don Sharp In 18th-century England, the Royal Crown sends Royal Navy Captain Collier and his crew to investigate reports of illegal smuggling and bootlegging in a coastal town where locals believe in Marsh Phantoms. Director: Peter Graham Scott     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.8/10 X   In Spain, Leon is born on Christmas day to a mute servant girl who was raped by a beggar. His mother dies giving birth and he is looked after by Don Alfredo. As a child Leon becomes a ... See full summary  » Director: Terence Fisher A disfigured violinist haunts the Paris Opera House. Director: Arthur Lubin Janet is a young student at a private school; her nights are troubled by horrible dreams in which she sees her mother, who is in fact locked in an insane asylum, haunting her. Expelled ... See full summary  » Director: Freddie Francis Penniless, Baron Frankenstein, accompanied by his eager assistant Hans, arrives at his family castle near the town of Karlstaad, vowing to continue his experiments in the creation of life. ... See full summary  » Director: Freddie Francis Vampire hunter Van Helsing returns to Transylvania to destroy handsome bloodsucker Baron Meinster, who has designs on beautiful young schoolteacher Marianne. Director: Terence Fisher Count de Chagnie has discovered Christine's singing talent on a market place and sent her to his friend Carriere, the director of the Parisian opera. However just when she arrives ... See full summary  » Stars: Teri Polo, Charles Dance, Burt Lancaster Dr. Henry Jekyll experiments with scientific means of revealing the hidden, dark side of man and releases a murderer from within himself. Director: Terence Fisher A centenarian artist and scientist in 1890 Paris maintains his youth ad health by periodically replacing a gland with that of a living person. Director: Terence Fisher Directors: Rupert Julian, Lon Chaney, and 2 more credits  » Stars: Lon Chaney, Mary Philbin, Norman Kerry Edit Storyline The corrupt Lord Ambrose D'Arcy (Michael Gough) steals the life's work of the poor composer Professor L. Petrie. (Herbert Lom). In an attempt to stop the printing of music with D'Arcy's name on it, Petrie breaks into the printing office and accidentally starts a fire, leaving him severely disfigured. Years later, Petrie returns to terrorize a London opera house that is about to perform one of his stolen operas. Written by Jeremy Lunt <durlinlunt@acadia.net> The most unusual tale of terror - and love - ever told! See more  » Genres: 15 August 1962 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Das Phantom der Oper See more  » Filming Locations: The film takes place in 1890 and December 1900. See more » Goofs During the flashback sequence, Ambrose D'Arcy writes his own name on th


Watch Out Walmart: Alibaba To Become World's Largest Retailer By 2016 Watch Out Walmart: Alibaba To Become World's Largest Retailer By 2016 {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Full Bio The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. Loading ... Loading ... This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe “We want to be bigger than Walmart,” said Jack Ma, the founder and driving force of Alibaba Group, to CNBC on Friday, as his company’s shares began trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Not only does Ma’s e-commerce giant want to surpass the Bentonville-based retailer, it thinks it will do so soon.  In comments reported last October, Jonathan Lu, Alibaba’s chief executive, predicted the company will overtake Walmart to become the world’s largest retail network by 2016.  Alibaba will reach transaction volume of $490 billion by that year, Lu predicted. That’s not bad for the business founded by Ma, an out-of-luck English teacher, in 1999 in an apartment in Hangzhou.  Since then, his online shopping sites have catapulted Alibaba past eBay and Amazon.  In fact, Alibaba’s gross merchandise value is now bigger than that of the two American icons combined. But don’t expect Lu’s prediction to come true.  Alibaba is a great company with a terrific story to tell, but Walmart will still hold the crown as the planet’s biggest store when 2017 arrives.  I believe Alibaba’s growth will slow considerably in 2015, if not in the second half of this year. Most analysts disagree, believing Ma’s wish to overtake Walmart will soon be fulfilled.  After all, the American-based retailer’s sales are barely growing.  In the year ended January 31, sales were up only 1.6%.  In its quarter ended April 30, the increase was 0.8%.  In the period ended July 31, growth came in at 2.8%. Compare that to Alibaba, which uses gross merchandise volume as a metric as it does not carry inventory.  The company’s GMV in 2013 was $248 billion, 52% more than in 2012.  GMV hit $69 billion in Q1, up 46% year-on-year, and $82 billion in Q2, up 45%.  One estimate puts full-year 2014 GMV at $420 billion. So Alibaba, which claims to be “the largest online and mobile commerce company in the world in terms of gross merchandise volume,” looks like it will overtake “old-economy Walmart,” which had sales of $473.1 billion in its last fiscal year, in 2015, a year ahead of Lu’s already ambitious schedule. How could Alibaba fail to take the top spot?  Most important, the company is primarily dependent on China when the Chinese economy is stumbling— in reality growing somewhere around 2% —and consumption is stagnating.  Stagnating consumption is evident from private surveys and, among other indicators, falling imports and negative same-store sales for retailers.  Tellingly, in Q2 Walmart’s international division had same-store sales growth in every country but China .  Other major retailers also experienced falling same-store sales in that country during the quarter. And there is little likelihood there will be a significant pickup in consumption this year or in the near future.  Employment growth across the country is probably no better this year than it was in 2012 (0.37%) or 2013 (0.36%).  Moreover, the downturn in housing values, evident across the country since at least May, and declining sales volumes will soon hit retailing hard as furniture and home appliance purchases will inevitably fall. The bright spot for Alibaba, despite the grim overall outlook, is that online retailing is gaining popularity fast.  Bain & Co. thinks the Chinese online market will expand 32% a year until 2015.  China may have more internet users (632 million) and online shoppers (302 million) than any other country, but there is room for growth.  According to Beijing’s projections, there could be more than 850 million Chinese online by 2015, but even that fantastic number is not the end of the story.  As Ilya Grozovsky of SPQR


Which Tuscan wine was traditionally packaged in a squat bottle enclosed in a straw basket, called a fiasco ?

VisitsItaly.com - Chianti and Chianti Wines from Tuscany Shipped from Tuscany to your door! History The earliest documentation of a "Chianti wine" dates back to the 13th century when viticulture     was known to flourish in the "Chianti Mountains" around Florence . The merchants in the nearby     townships of Castellina , Gaiole and Radda formed     the Lega del Chianti (League of Chianti) to     produce and promote the local wine. In 1398,     records note that the earliest incarnation of     Chianti was as a white wine. In 1716 Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of     Tuscany issued an edict legislating that the     three villages of the Lega del Chianti as well     as the village of Greve and a 2 mile (3 km)     hillside north of Greve near Spedaluzza as the     only officially recognized producers of Chianti.     This delineation existed until the 1930s when     the Italian government expanded the zone.     Subsequent expansions throughout the 20th     century would eventually bring the Chianti zone     to cover almost all of Tuscany. The original     zone dictated by the edict of Cosimo III de'     Medici would eventually be considered the heart     of the Chianti Classico region. The Italian statesman Bettino Ricasoli developed     the first "modern" Chianti recipe that was     Sangiovese based.By the 18th century, Chianti     was widely recognized as a red wine, but the     exact composition and grape varieties used to     make Chianti at this point is unknown.     Ampelographers find clues about which grape     varieties were popular at the time in the     writings of Italian writer Cosimo Villifranchi     who noted that Canaiolo was widely planted     variety in the area along with Sangiovese,     Mammolo and Marzemino. It was not until the work     of the Italian statesman Bettino Ricasoli that     the modern "Chianti recipe" as a     Sangiovese-based wine would take shape. Prior to Ricasoli, Canaiolo was emerging as the     dominant variety in the Chianti blend with     Sangiovese and Malvasia playing supporting     roles. In the mid-19th century, Ricasoli     developed a recipe for Chianti that was based     primarily on Sangiovese. His recipe called for     70% Sangiovese, 15% Canaiolo, 10% Malvasia     (later amended to include Trebbiano) and 5%     other local red varieties. In 1967, the     Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC)     regulation set by the Italian government firmly     established the "Ricasoli formula" of a     Sangiovese-based blend with 10-30% Malvasia and     Trebbiano. The late 19th century saw a period of economic     and political upheaval. First came oidium and     then the phylloxera epidemic would take it toll     on the vineyards of Chianti just as they had     ravaged vineyards across the rest of Europe. The     chaos and poverty following the Risorgimento     heralded the beginning of the Italian diaspora     that would take Italian vineyard workers and     winemakers abroad as immigrants to new lands. Those that stayed behind and replanted choose     high-yielding varieties like Trebbiano and     Sangiovese clones such as the Sangiovese di     Romagna from the nearby Romagna region. Following World War II, the general trend in the     world wine market for cheap, easy-drinking wine     saw a brief boom for the region. With     over-cropping and an emphasis on quantity over     quality, the reputation of Chianti among     consumers eventually plummeted. By the 1950s,     Trebbiano (which is known for its neutral     flavors) made up to 30% of many mass-market     Chiantis. By the late 20th century, Chianti was often     associated with basic Chianti sold in a squat     bottle enclosed in a straw basket, called a     fiasco. However, during


Which fashion designer famously brought out 'the Little Black Dress' ?

Who Invented the Little Black Dress? | Mental Floss Who Invented the Little Black Dress? ThinkStock Like us on Facebook The “little black dress,” quintessential staple of any woman’s wardrobe, isn’t as timeless as most people think. An LBD is a classic in that it’s neither a trend nor is it ever out of fashion, but its history is a surprisingly short one, dating back only about a century to the early 1900s. While history tends to credit French designer Coco Chanel with popularizing the design, the question of who came up with the little black dress first is a little more complicated than that.  As hard as it is to believe today—when black clothing is the neutral, flattering norm, and the latest fashion is credited as “the new black”—dark-colored garments were hardly a stylish society woman’s first choice years ago. Through the 1800s, black clothing was associated with mourning dress; in previous centuries, it was a symbol of luxury, as only the wealthy could afford costly black dye for their garments. Public perception gradually changed as history’s fashionistas realized that black was not only a practical choice that did not show stains or spills, but also a stylish one that offset their expensive accessories to good advantage. By the time Coco Chanel came into the equation in the 1920s, black dresses of all shapes and sizes were already quite popular all on their own. The specific little black dress so famously associated with Chanel appeared in a 1926 issue of Vogue, a simple, calf-length design shown with a plain string of pearls that was distinct in its contrast to the heavily embellished flapper styles that were popular at the time. The magazine called it “Chanel’s Ford”—referring to Henry Ford’s Model T car, the standard for all automobiles to come—and predicted its role as “a sort of uniform for all women of taste.” A 1930 issue of Vogue later featured another black Chanel dress, made of sheer black lace with a matching capelet, which served to double down on the public perception of Coco Chanel having invented the fashion. However, designers like Edward Molyneux were simultaneously promoting their own, similar fashions, just without Vogue’s endorsement. Perhaps the most iconic little black dress of all is a work of the 1960s: Audrey Hepburn famously wore a little black Givenchy dress as Holly Golightly in the opening scene of Breakfast at Tiffany’s, the movie that spawned a million Halloween costumes. That level of exposure may have truly cemented the little black dress as a cultural touchstone, so much so that we’ve turned it into an acronym: LBD, which has been included in the official Oxford Dictionary of English since 2010.


Who wrote the song 'I'll See You Again' ?

Mario Lanza - I'll See You Again - Brief Encounter - YouTube Mario Lanza - I'll See You Again - Brief Encounter Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jun 14, 2011 Mario Lanza's beautiful voice along with photos from "Brief Encounter" film with Trevor Howard and Celia Johnson, make a lovely combination. Noël Coward wrote the song "I'll See You Again" which was later arranged by Axel Stordahl. The song is from the 1929 operetta "Bitter Sweet". Noël Coward also wrote and produced the 1945 screenplay "Brief Encounter" which is based on his 1936 one-act play "Still Life". Lord Louis Mountbatten once said of him, "There are probably greater painters than Noël, greater novelists than Noël, greater librettists, greater composers of music, greater singers, greater dancers, greater comedians, greater tragedians, greater stage producers, greater film directors, greater cabaret artists, greater TV stars. If there are, they are fourteen (sic!) different people. Only one man combined all fourteen (sic!) different labels -- The Master". "Brief Encounter" was directed by the well-known director Sir David Lean, (1908--1991). He was not only a famous English film director, but also a producer, screenwriter, and editor. "Brief Encounter" starred Trevor Howard and Celia Johnson, with Stanley Holloway. Sir David Lean not only directed "Brief Encounter" (1945), he also directed such famous films as "Great Expectations" (1946), "Oliver Twist" (1948), "Summertime" (1955), "The Bridge on the River Kwai" (1957), "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962), "Doctor Zhivago" (1965), "Ryan's Daughter" (1970) and "A Passage to India" (1984). The movie "Brief Encounter" is available for purchase from amazon.co.uk. The photo of Mario Lanza is from the film "The Great Caruso". This film is available for purchase from Turner Classic Movies. Category


In which American state was the first atomic bomb detonated ?

A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: The first atomic bomb is detonated The first atomic bomb is detonated 1945 Photo: Atomic bomb test explosion in Alamagordo, New Mexico, July 16, 1945. AP/Wide World Photos In 1932, James Chadwick discovered the neutron , a small atomic particle with mass but no charge. This turned out to be an extremely useful tool for bombarding atomic nuclei. Two years later, Enrico Fermi bombarded uranium with neutrons, hoping that it would cause the uranium to emit a beta particle and become a new, artificial element above uranium in the periodic table. It seemed he had done this and in the process showed that slow-moving neutrons were more effective than high-energy neutrons for the task. Fermi won the Nobel Prize for his work in 1938. He was a committed antifascist and when he and his wife left Italy for the Nobel ceremony, it was for good. They settled in the United States. Meanwhile, Fermi's work had produced some puzzling results and physicists Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann, and Lise Meitner took it up in Germany. They began to suspect that Fermi hadn't created a new element at all but might have actually split the uranium atom in two -- at that point a barely imaginable event. Before they could confirm this, Meitner -- who was an Austrian of Jewish descent -- had to flee the country when Germany annexed Austria in 1938. With the help of Niels Bohr , she got a position in Stockholm. From there, Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch proved that the uranium atom had been split. Hahn published the results in January 1939 and Meitner and Frisch published the explanation a month later, introducing the term "nuclear fission." Using Bohr's liquid drop model of the nucleus, they suggested that when split, both halves of the atom would have a positive charge and would repel each other with powerful force. The German government took little notice of the finding at first. But others felt the implications were immediately clear. Niels Bohr brought news of Meitner's discovery to the United States in 1939. Several scientists, realizing that fission could be used to build a devastating weapon, wrote to President Roosevelt to inform him. He immediately set up a committee to research the matter. (Back in Germany, Hahn refused to do weapons research. He had worked on chemicals used as weapons in World War I. His advisers assured him it would bring a speedier end to the war, but he was horrified when he saw Russian soldiers who'd been gassed.) By the end of 1941, British studies had outlined the materials requirements for an atomic bomb and uranium research was going on at about 12 American universities. In 1942 Fermi's team at the University of Chicago created a sustained chain reaction of fission for the first time. Also during 1942, the Manhattan District of the Corps of Engineers was formed to construct three secret "cities" for major portions of atomic bomb development. At Oak Ridge, Tennessee, a nuclear reactor and plant for separating uranium 235 from natural uranium was built. In Hanford, Washington, three reactors were built to extract plutonium (another element with atoms that could be split) from a non-fissionable type of uranium. Finally a lab for the design and construction of the bomb was built at Los Alamos, New Mexico. The cost of these Manhattan Project installations was $2 billion. J. Robert Oppenheimer was made director of the Los Alamos lab, and in 1943 he gathered about 200 of the best scientists in the field to live and work there. They designed two bombs, one using uranium (called "Little Boy") and one using plutonium ("Fat Man"). By early 1945, the plants at Oak Ridge and Hanford had produced enough raw material for testing. On July 13, 1945, at a site called Trinity 100 km northwest of Alamogordo, a plutonium bomb was assembled and brought to the top of a tower. The test was postponed by thunderstorms. On July 16, the bomb was detonated, producing an intense flash of light seen by observers in bunkers 10 km away and a fireball that expanded to 600 meters in two seconds. It grew to a


Who replaced Mervyn King as Governor of the Bank of England ?

Sir Mervyn King prepares to leave the Bank of England - in pictures | Business | The Guardian Sir Mervyn King prepares to leave the Bank of England - in pictures Sir Mervyn King prepares to leave the Bank of England - in pictures Share on Messenger Close As the 65-year-old prepares to hand the governorship of the Bank of England to Canadian Mark Carney on 1 July after 10 years, we look back at some highlights from his Threadneedle Street reign Wednesday 26 June 2013 03.45 EDT First published on Wednesday 26 June 2013 03.45 EDT The picture the papers love to reproduce. King found the time to go for a ride on a dog sled during the summit of G7 finance ministers held in Canada back in 2010, declaring the experience 'wonderful' and prompting suggestions he had a whale of a time. The 65-year-old is to become one of the growing number of high-profile business and finance figures to take a so-called 'grey gap year' , announcing on Desert Island Discs that he would take a holiday of at least six months after he steps down and had promised his wife he would take up dancing lessons Photograph: Fred Chartrand/AP Pinterest Mervyn King has been with the Bank of England for almost quarter of a century, as the economy has staggered through two recessions, one boom and a global financial crisis. He joined as non-executive director back in 1990 and was made deputy governor under Eddie George – or Steady Eddie – in 1998, stepping up to replace his mentor in 2003 Photograph: Matthew Fearn/PA Pinterest Relations between the Bank of England governor and the chancellor of the exchequer will always be fraught, but King’s tenure under first Gordon Brown and then Alistair Darling was particularly tense. After clashes with Brown over breaking up the banks, things deteriorated further when Darling moved into Number 11. Darling called King 'amazingly stubborn and exasperating' in his memoirs and suggested he would have been sacked had the government been able to find a viable alternative in 2008. Despite some criticism of George Osborne’s policies, it is thought he leaves on good terms with the current chancellor Photograph: Kipper Williams/Guardian Pinterest King has appeared in front of parliamentary committees a staggering 102 times and his impatience with the MPs’ questioning only seems to mount over the years. His responses are characterised by a barely concealed contempt for the parliamentarians and he has certainly never demonstrated the degree of contrition they have been pushing for. The financial crisis was, variously, the fault of the banks, regulators, politicians and an entire global financial system addicted to debt. But, although he acknowledges that the Bank of England must accept 'some' responsibility for the financial crisis, he said it was never in his power to put a stop to it Photograph: PA Wire/PA Pinterest According to a rather quaint rule, the governor of the Bank of England must write an open letter to the chancellor of the day if inflation moves more than 1% above or below its 2% target. Suffice to say, King has got plenty of practice in his letter-writing skills over the past few years, explaining away a more than two-year period when the annual inflation rate was higher than 3% Photograph: Guardian Bank of England governor not to be confused with … England’s professional darts player Mervyn King, who won the World Masters in 2004 Photograph: Max Nash/AP Pinterest One of King’s most memorable sporting analogies – of which he is very fond – was his reference to Diego Maradona’s two goals against England in the semi-final of 1986 World Cup. King said the first goal, where Maradona blatantly batted the ball into the net with his hand, was a clear example of breaking the rules to achieve an objective. A central bank could similarly exploit low inflation expectations to boost growth temporarily, but could not get away with it repeatedly, he said. The second goal saw Maradona dribble half the length of the pitch before scoring, proceeding largely in a straight line while defenders anticipated a move to either side. King said a


What is the highest mountain in France ?

Mont Blanc - Highest Mountain in Western Europe Elevation: 15,782 feet (4,810 meters) Prominence: 15,407 feet (4,696 meters) Location: Border of France and Italy in the Alps. Coordinates: 45.832609 N / 6.865193 E First Ascent: First ascent by Jacques Balmat and Dr. Michel-Gabriel Paccard on August 8, 1786.   The White Mountain Mont Blanc (French) and Monte Bianco (Italian) means “White Mountain” for its perpetual snowfields and glaciers. The great dome-shaped mountain is flanked by white glaciers , great granite faces , and gorgeous alpine scenery. Highest Mountain in Western Europe Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in the Alps and in western Europe. The highest mountain in Europe is considered by most geographers to be 18,510-foot (5,642-meter) Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus Mountains in Russia near the border with the country of Georgia . Some consider it, however, to be in Asia rather than Europe. Where is the Border between Italy and France? Mont Blanc's summit is in France, while its subsidiary lower summit Monte Bianco di Courmayeur is considered to be Italy's highest point . continue reading below our video How to Throw a Perfect Curve Ball in Baseball Both French and Swiss maps show the Italy-France boundary crossing this point, whereas the Italians consider the boundary on the summit of Mont Blanc. According to two treaties between France and Spain in 1796 and 1860, the boundary crosses the summit. The 1796 treaty ambiguously states that the border is "on the highest ridge of the mountain as seen by Courmayeur." The 1860 treaty says that the border is "on the highest point of the mountain, at 4807 meters." French mapmakers, however, have continued to place the border on Monte Bianco di Courmayeur. Height Varies Every Year The height of Mont Blanc varies from year to year depending on the depth of the summit’s snow cap, so no permanent elevation can be assigned to the mountain. The official elevation was once 15,770 feet (4,807 meters), but in 2002 it was resurveyed with modern technology at 15,782 feet (4,810 meters) or twelve feet higher. A 2005 survey measured it at 15,776 feet 9 inches (4,808.75 meters). Mont Blanc is the 11th most prominent mountain in the world. Mont Blanc's Summit is Thick Ice Mont Blanc’s rock summit, under snow and ice, is 15,720 feet (4,792 meters) and about 140 feet away from the snowcapped summit. 1860 Climbing Attempt In 1860 Horace Benedict de Saussure, a 20-year-old Swiss man, walked from Geneva to Chamonix and on July 24 attempted Mont Blanc, reaching the Brévent area. After failing, he believed that the peak was a "summit to climb" and promised a "very considerable reward" to anyone who successfully ascended the great mountain.  1786: First Recorded Climb The first recorded climb of Mont Blanc was by Jacque Balmat, a crystal hunter, and Michel Paccard, a Chamonix doctor, on August 8, 1786. Climbing historians often consider this ascent the beginning of modern mountaineering . The pair climbed the Rocher Rouge to the mountain's northeast slopes, and climbed Saussure's reward, although Paccard gave his share to Balmat. A year later Saussure also climbed Mont Blanc. 1808: First Woman up Mont Blanc In 1808 Marie Paradis became the first woman to reach the summit on Mont Blanc. How Many Climbers Reach the Top? Over 20,000 climbers reach Mont Blanc’s summit every year. Most Popular Climbing Route on Mont Blanc The Voie des Cristalliers or Voie Royale is the most popular climbing route up Mont Blanc. To start, climbers take the Tramway du Mont Blanc to the Nid d’Aigle, then climb slopes to Goûter hut and spend the night. The next day they climb the Dôme du Goûter to L'arrête des Bosses and the summit. The route is somewhat perilous with danger from rockfall and avalanche . It is also very crowded in summer, particularly the summit ridge. Speed Ascents of Mont Blanc In 1990, Swiss climber Pierre-André Gobet climbed Mont Blanc round-trip from Chamonix in 5 hours, 10 minutes, and 14 seconds. On July 11, 2013, Basque speed climber and runner Kilian Jornet made a quick ascent and descent on M


On a rail journey from London to Dover, from which London terminus station do you depart ?

National Rail Enquiries - Travelling to, from and via London Travelling to, from and via London Travelling to, from and via London Information to help you to continue your your rail journey through London. Accessible transport around London Introduction London is well served by trains to and from all parts of Britain and most London termini have their own London Underground (Tube) station (with the notable exception of Fenchurch Street where the nearest London Underground station is Tower Hill). All stations are served by buses and taxis. Crossing London with tickets marked ‘†' If your journey involves travelling via, or across London to connect with another National Rail service, your ticket should include the cost of transfer on Tube, Docklands Light Railway or Thameslink services between the relevant main London stations. For example - a Hastings to York ticket is valid for travel on Underground services between Victoria, Charing Cross, Cannon Street or London Bridge and Kings Cross/St Pancras or on Thameslink services from London Bridge or Blackfriars to St. Pancras International . To check if the cost of travel across London is included in your ticket, look for the ‘†' symbol which will be shown in the tickets ‘Route' information, e.g. [‘†' ANY PERMITTED]. Tickets displaying this indicator are valid for travel between any two stations shown in the ‘Station List' (below) appropriate to the route of the through journey being made. You can ‘break your transfer journey' and leave the Underground at any intermediate station, e.g. if you are travelling between Victoria and Euston you can exit at Oxford Circus. However, if you subsequently wish to continue your journey by Underground you will have to purchase another ticket. List of London Tube / DLR Stations between which single/return tickets valid for travel ‘via London' may be used -subject to route of the through journey being made. Aldgate Back to top 'London Terminal' stations Tickets issued for travel to/from London usually show 'London Terminals' as the destination/origin rather than naming a specific station. This is because the ticket is valid to more than one London Terminal station provided it’s on any reasonable line of route. Tickets can only be used on National Rail services. For example, a ticket from Brighton to London Terminals is valid to Victoria, Waterloo (changing at Clapham Junction), London Bridge, Blackfriars and City Thameslink or Charing Cross Waterloo East or Cannon Street (changing at London Bridge). It would not be valid to, for example, London Euston or Paddington as this would not be on the line of route and would involve crossing London using another mode of transport. Tickets which restrict travel on services of a specific train company or some special fares may be valid only to a named London Terminal station, e.g. London Kings Cross. The list of London termini stations, defined as 'London Terminals' for ticketing purposes are: Blackfriars  - Serves stations on the Bedford to Brighton cross-London 'Thameslink' route and also commuter services to areas of south east London. Cannon Street  - Serves stations throughout south east London and Kent, and from London Bridge there are direct services to Gatwick Airport, the Sussex coast and north to Bedford*. Charing Cross  - Serves stations throughout south east London and Kent, and from London Bridge there are direct services to Gatwick Airport, the Sussex coast and north to Bedford. Euston - Serves central and north-west England and western Scotland, including Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Carlisle, Chester, Glasgow, with rail and ferry services to/from both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Also provides regional services to Milton Keynes and Northampton and local services to Watford Junction. Euston is also the London terminus for sleeper services to/from Scotland. Fenchurch Street - Serves the commuter towns on the north side of the Thames Estuary including Southend. Tower Hill is the nearest Tube station. Kings Cross - Serves the north east and eastern Scotland including D


What was the surname of the oil dynasty headed by JR in the TV series Dallas?

Dallas TV Show Cast     Dallas TV Show If you're looking for the newer Dallas series that premiered in 2012, you can find all the information you're looking for on this Dallas TV Show 2012 page! Series Decription The Dallas TV show was a 60 minute primetime soap opera drama series on CBS about a family that had created a dynasty out of the Texas oil industry. From the Southfork ranch, they wheeled and deeled in the business world and dealt with their personal lives involving love, affairs, jealousy and even hate. The series pretty much revolved around trying to outmaneuver others people both financially and personally and to keep others from doing the same to them. Dallas Cast Linda Gray ................... Sue Ellen Ewing Lockwood Patrick Duffy ................ Bobby Ewing Victoria Principal ........... Pam Ewing (1978-1987) Barbara Bel Geddes ........... Miss Ellie Ewing Farlow (1978-1990) Steve Kanaly ................. Ray Krebbs Charlene Tilton .............. Lucy Ewing Cooper (1978-1990) Susan Howard ................. Donna Krebbs Dowling (1979-1987) Howard Keel .................. Clayton Farlow (1981-1991) Priscilla Presley ............ Jenna Krebbs (1983-1988) Deborah Rennard .............. Sly Lovegren (1981-1991) Sherril Lynn Rettino ......... Jackie Dugan (1979-1991) Sheree J. Wilson ............. April Ewing (1986-1991) Omri Katz .................... John Ross Ewing (1983-1991) Deborah Tranelli ............. Phyllis Wapner (1981-1991) Joshua Harris ................ Christopher Ewing (1985-1991) Roseanna Christiansen ........ Teresa (1982-1991) Danone Camden ................ Kendall Chapman (1982-1991) Shalane McCall ............... Charlotte Wade (1983-1988) Audrey Landers ............... Afton Cooper (1981-1989) Don Starr .................... Jordan Lee (1978-1990) Fern Fitzgerald .............. Marilee Stone (1978-1990) Jim Davis .................... Jock Ewing (1978-1981) Jenilee Harrison ............. Jamie Ewing Barnes (1984-1986) John Beck .................... Mark Graison (1983-1986) George Kennedy ............... Carter McKay (1988-1991) Dallas Trivia      Dallas was the top-rated series on the air for three seasons! When it aired, the "Who Shot J.R." episode became the most watched episode in television history! The final episode of " M*A*S*H (1972)" beat that record in February of 1983. Larry Hagman was threatening to leave the series due to a contract dispute. The producers got prepared, just in case. If he would have left, the ambulance carrying J.R. to the hospital after his shooting would have crashed and caught fire in an accident. J.R. would have required extensive plastic surgery and Robert Culp (Star of the 1965 series, " I Spy ") would have taken over the role. " Knot's Landing (1979)" was the only Dallas " spin-off " but there's no doubt that it inspired the productions of several others such as " Falcon Crest (1981)", " Dynasty (1981)", and " The Colbys (1985)". In fact, Robert Foxworth who was offered the role of J.R. Ewing and turned it down, agreed to do a very similar role later on "Falcon Crest". After Foxworth turned down the role of J.R. Ewing, Larry Hagman refused the starring role in the series, "The Waverly Wonders" to become J.R. That was a good move as "The Waverly Wonders" didn't last very long. Old Dallas fans of the 1978-1991 series were thrilled when TNT announced that they were bringing Dallas back to television on June 13, 2012 along with Larry Hagman as J.R., Patrick Duffy as Bobby and Linda Grey as Sue Ellen! Hopefully, new fans will find the lust for wealth at any cost just as exciting as ever with the new young cast members including Josh Henderson, Jesse Metcalfe, Jordana Brewster, Julie Gonzalo and Brenda Strong! Larry Hagman owns a ranch in Ojai, California named, "Odd Ball". Larry has some traits that may relate to that name. He has a ring made from his gallstones that were removed during a liver transplant. One day each week he doesn't speak at all to test his self-discipline. He makes autograph seekers either tell him a joke or sing him a song before he will giv


In the George Orwell novel Animal Farm, what sort of animal was Napoleon ?

SparkNotes: Animal Farm: Character List Character List Plot Overview Analysis of Major Characters Napoleon -  The pig who emerges as the leader of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Joseph Stalin, Napoleon uses military force (his nine loyal attack dogs) to intimidate the other animals and consolidate his power. In his supreme craftiness, Napoleon proves more treacherous than his counterpart, Snowball. Read an in-depth analysis of Napoleon. Snowball -  The pig who challenges Napoleon for control of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Leon Trotsky, Snowball is intelligent, passionate, eloquent, and less subtle and devious than his counterpart, Napoleon. Snowball seems to win the loyalty of the other animals and cement his power. Read an in-depth analysis of Snowball. Boxer -  The cart-horse whose incredible strength, dedication, and loyalty play a key role in the early prosperity of Animal Farm and the later completion of the windmill. Quick to help but rather slow-witted, Boxer shows much devotion to Animal Farm’s ideals but little ability to think about them independently. He naïvely trusts the pigs to make all his decisions for him. His two mottoes are “I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right.” Read an in-depth analysis of Boxer. Squealer -  The pig who spreads Napoleon’s propaganda among the other animals. Squealer justifies the pigs’ monopolization of resources and spreads false statistics pointing to the farm’s success. Orwell uses Squealer to explore the ways in which those in power often use rhetoric and language to twist the truth and gain and maintain social and political control. Read an in-depth analysis of Squealer. Old Major -  The prize-winning boar whose vision of a socialist utopia serves as the inspiration for the Rebellion. Three days after describing the vision and teaching the animals the song “Beasts of England,” Major dies, leaving Snowball and Napoleon to struggle for control of his legacy. Orwell based Major on both the German political economist Karl Marx and the Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Ilych Lenin. Read an in-depth analysis of Old Major. Clover -  A good-hearted female cart-horse and Boxer’s close friend. Clover often suspects the pigs of violating one or another of the Seven Commandments, but she repeatedly blames herself for misremembering the commandments. Moses -  The tame raven who spreads stories of Sugarcandy Mountain, the paradise to which animals supposedly go when they die. Moses plays only a small role in Animal Farm, but Orwell uses him to explore how communism exploits religion as something with which to pacify the oppressed. Mollie -  The vain, flighty mare who pulls Mr. Jones’s carriage. Mollie craves the attention of human beings and loves being groomed and pampered. She has a difficult time with her new life on Animal Farm, as she misses wearing ribbons in her mane and eating sugar cubes. She represents the petit bourgeoisie that fled from Russia a few years after the Russian Revolution. Benjamin -  The long-lived donkey who refuses to feel inspired by the Rebellion. Benjamin firmly believes that life will remain unpleasant no matter who is in charge. Of all of the animals on the farm, he alone comprehends the changes that take place, but he seems either unwilling or unable to oppose the pigs. Muriel -  The white goat who reads the Seven Commandments to Clover whenever Clover suspects the pigs of violating their prohibitions. Mr. Jones -  The often drunk farmer who runs the Manor Farm before the animals stage their Rebellion and establish Animal Farm. Mr. Jones is an unkind master who indulges himself while his animals lack food; he thus represents Tsar Nicholas II, whom the Russian Revolution ousted. Mr. Frederick -  The tough, shrewd operator of Pinchfield, a neighboring farm. Based on Adolf Hitler, the ruler of Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, Mr. Frederick proves an untrustworthy neighbor. Mr. Pilkington -  The easygoing gentleman farmer who runs Foxwood, a neighboring farm. Mr. Frederick’s bitter enemy, Mr. Pilkington represents the


Which horse won the 2013 Aintree Grand National ?

Grand National 2013 Auroras Encore wins – as it happened | Tony Paley and Rob Bagchi | Sport | The Guardian Grand National 2013 Grand National 2013: Auroras Encore wins – as it happened Auroras Encore, a 66-1 shot, won the 2013 Grand National from Cappa Bleu on the jockey Ryan Mania's first ride in the race 66-1 shot Auroras Encore ridden by Ryan Mania celebrates winning the Grand National at Aintree. Photograph: Julian Finney/Getty Images Saturday 6 April 2013 12.10 EDT First published on Saturday 6 April 2013 05.01 EDT 5.10pm BST Goodbye That was a sensational race and a great ride from Ryan Mania. The bookies will be drinking Dom Perignon in his honour tonight. Thanks for your emails and below the line comments. 5.07pm BST 4.57pm BST Congratulations to the fence builders "That was the best National I have ever seen!" writes Sya Elwes. "It was so magic to see those amazing animals get round without injury. I thoroughly enjoyed it. Brilliant fence building. I managed to watch without shutting my eyes." Hear, hear Sya. 4.55pm BST A proper racing man writes … The Grand National has provided another sensational shock with victory for Auroras Encore, a 66-1 shot who pounded clear on the run-in under jockey Ryan Mania, having his first ride in the famous race. The winning trainer is Sue Smith, wife of the former show-jumper Harvey, who achieved fame in the 70s as a bad boy of a sport that then enjoyed much TV coverage. There was a great deal of pressure on Aintree's officials to provide a safe race after two equine deaths over the first two days of the race-meeting, despite newly softened fences. The result was that there were no fallers and no jockeys were unseated over the first seven fences, including Becher's Brook. Early indications were that all horses had returned safely. Click here for Chris Cook's full report. 4.51pm BST And Sue Smith … Channel 4 Racing (@Channel4Racing) Winning trainer Sue Smith: "He's a grand little horse and you can ride him anywhere and anyhow. The man's given him a wonderful ride" 4.48pm BST Harvey Smith speaks (V for Victory) … You don't win a big 'un every day. We bought him out of Doncaster sales, broke him, made him, that's what we did. We're over the moon. Updated 4.46pm BST Ryan Mania speaks There are no words to describe it. I got a dream ride round, I couldn't believe my luck. I couldn't fault the horse. I had a choice of two but he was second on this course last year so I thought I better stay loyal to him. He loved every second of it. He was just class. 4.42pm BST The winning trainer and her husband (13 years ago) Sue Smith and her husband Harvey with Final Fling in 2000 Photograph: Christopher Thomond for the Guardian Updated 3.45pm BST Report from the 3.25 Courtesy of PA: "Battle Group secured his second course win in the space of just three days with a brilliant performance in the John Smith's Handicap Chase.  Second in this race 12 months ago when trained by David Pipe, the eight-year-old has since joined Kevin Bishop and landed some hefty bets when running away with Thursday's Silver Cross Handicap Hurdle, a race he also won in 2011.  With Daryl Jacob taking over in the saddle from Brendan Powell, Battle Group was a 7-2 favourite back over the larger obstacles and travelled with his usual enthusiasm.  While on occasions in the past he has failed to go through with his effort, he bounded clear once sent on halfway up the home straight, coming home 16 lengths ahead of Mac Aeda." 3.36pm BST Father's day? "Not since 1948 has the same stallion had his sons win both the Cheltenham Gold Cup and the Grand National in one year, but that may change today," writes foal production fluid expert, Chris Cook. Bob's Worth, winner of last month's Gold Cup, is a son of Bob Back, as are Rare Bob and Roberto Goldback, runners in today's Grand National. Bob Back, a winner at Royal Ascot back in 1985, enjoyed a long life and died at the age of 30 two years ago." Updated 3.28pm BST 1973 and all that "God knows there's enough wrong with horse racing, but its greatest glory appears to be lost," writes Ga


Which composer married the celebrated pianist Clara Wieck in 1840 ?

Clara Schumann Biography (Composer/Pianist) Best known as: The pianist wife of composer Robert Schumann Name at birth: Clara Josephine Wieck Clara Schumann was a noted pianist and composer of the 19th century, a star of German Romanticism famous for her interpretations of compositions by Frédéric Chopin and by those of her husband, Robert Schumann. Clara was a child prodigy and the daughter of piano teacher Friedrich Wieck. She began her professional career early, performing her first major concert at the age of 11 and publishing her first songs at the age of 12. Robert Schumann was nine years older and a student of her father's; by the time Clara returned from a successful concert tour in 1838, the romance that had blossomed with Robert had proceeded, despite her father's disapproval. Clara had to take legal action against her father to be allowed to marry, and she and Schumann were married in 1840. She toured Russia in 1844 without Robert, and she raised their eight children after he had a mental breakdown in 1854 (he was committed to an asylum after a suicide attempt). Although she did little composing later in her career, Clara Schumann championed the career of Johannes Brahms and furthered her huband's legacy after his death in 1856. An influential concert performer, she also taught at the Frankfurt am Main Conservatory after 1878. Copyright © 1998-2017  by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.


What's the name of Doctor Who's home planet ?

Gallifrey | Tardis | Fandom powered by Wikia Gallifrey had the alternative name, "the Shining World of the Seven Systems ". ( TV : The Sound of Drums ) At one point, Gallifrey was removed from the time lock during the Last Great Time War and relocated to near Earth with potentially devastating consequences for the latter planet. It returned to the time lock when the Tenth Doctor shot at the diamond which connected Gallifrey to Earth. ( TV : The End of Time ) At the end of the Time War, it was then frozen in time in a pocket universe for its own protection by "all thirteen" incarnations of the Doctor . ( TV : The Day of the Doctor ) Missy later told the Doctor that Gallifrey had returned to its original position, but this was revealed to be a lie when the Doctor travelled to these coordinates and found only empty space. ( TV : Death in Heaven ) Gallifrey had in fact returned to the universe as Missy said. However, it had been placed at the extreme end of the time continuum for protection. The General described Gallifrey's location as "the end of the universe , give or take a star system." ( TV : Hell Bent ) Astronomical data Gallifrey was several times larger than Earth . ( TV : The End of Time ) Star system Gallifrey was in a binary star system . The second star seemed to rise in the south in the morning, making the mountains glow. ( TV : Gridlock ) The main star was large and golden red. ( AUDIO : The Forever Trap ) The system contained five other planets ( TV : The Invasion of Time ), among them Karn ( TV : The Brain of Morbius ) and Polarfrey , and an asteroid named Kasterborous the Fibster . ( PROSE : Lungbarrow ) Satellites Gallifrey had at least two large moons and a ring system, similar to Saturn in Earth 's solar system. ( COMIC : Agent Provocateur ) One of the moons was the copper-coloured Pazithi Gallifreya , which shone so brightly it could be seen during the day. ( PROSE : Cat's Cradle: Time's Crucible , Lungbarrow ) Gallifrey's moons perished with the Daleks when Gallifrey disappeared. ( COMIC : Agent Provocateur , TV : The Day of the Doctor ) Landscape Susan Foreman once described it as "a brown, green, snow-capped planet." ( AUDIO : The Beginning ) From the planet's surface, it boasted an orange sky at night, ( TV : " A Desperate Venture ") snow-capped mountains , fields of red grass , ( TV : Gridlock ) and trees with bright silver leaves . ( TV : " A Desperate Venture ", Gridlock ) These reflected the morning sunlight, making it look like the forests were on fire. ( TV : Gridlock ) There were also green forests, golden fields and red deserts ( PROSE : Cat's Cradle: Time's Crucible ), but overall it seems to have been a much drier world than Earth. ( PROSE : Lungbarrow ) The Sixth Doctor once declared the climate to be "like the Serengeti all year round". ( PROSE : Spiral Scratch ) There was also a river called Lethe . ( AUDIO : Master ) The wastelands around the Capitol were referred to as "outer Gallifrey" by the Time Lords. ( TV : The Invasion of Time ) Rassilon later called the area the barn in which the Doctor had slept as a child was located in the drylands , claiming that no one of importance lived there. ( TV : Hell Bent ) Known geographic features This section needs a cleanup. This section needs to be converted to sourced prose. Regions Main article: Gallifreyan history Gallifrey was duplicated eight times to create the Nine Gallifreys . It was used both to confound its enemies and as a place of refuge. Gallifrey was still destroyed by the Eighth Doctor (following involvement from Faction Paradox ) during the Second War in Heaven . ( PROSE : The Ancestor Cell ) It was later recreated. ( PROSE : The Gallifrey Chronicles ) On the final day of the Time War, the Time Lords, now led by Rassilon , broke the time lock to materialise Gallifrey in Earth's skies in 2009 , thinking the War Doctor would precipitate their ultimate demise on that final day through the Moment . However, the Tenth Doctor sent the planet, Time Lords included, back to its doomed fate, by breaking the link that brought the Time Lord


In a quote often attributed to Mark Twain, which sport is described as 'a good walk spoiled' ?

Golf is a Good Walk Spoiled | Quote Investigator Golf is a Good Walk Spoiled Mark Twain? William Gladstone? The Allens? Harry Leon Wilson? Dear Quote Investigator: I love to play golf, but sometimes when I am playing poorly I am tempted to simply walk the course and get some exercise. When I mentioned this to a friend he told me that Mark Twain said: “Golf is a good walk spoiled.” This sounds like Twain to me, but did he really say it? Quote Investigator: No, Mark Twain was probably not responsible for this barb. The earliest attribution to Twain located by QI appeared in “The Saturday Evening Post” of August 1948. 1 But Twain died in 1910, so this is a suspiciously late citation with minimal credibility. The earliest appearance of the quip that QI has discovered was in a 1903 book about lawn tennis. The players of this sport are the traditional adversaries of golfers in the field of recreation. Individual chapters of this book were written by different authors. The author of the second chapter, H. S. Scrivener, attributed the saying to fellow players named the Allens. Boldface has been added to excerpts: 2 … my good friends the Allens … one of the best of their many excellent dicta is that “to play golf is to spoil an otherwise enjoyable walk.” Here are additional selected citations in chronological order. In 1904 the saying was attributed to a popular novelist named Harry Leon Wilson who used a cleverly expanded version of the jape. Wilson employed a rhetorical device called reversibility to augment the humor: 3 Some of his friends have been trying to induce him to play golf, but he refused. He makes the following unique definition of golf:  “Golf has too much walking to be a good game, and just enough game to spoil a good walk.” In 1905 Wilson used the expression directly in his novel titled “The Boss of Little Arcady”: 4 This new game of golf that the summer folks play seems to have too much walking for a good game and just enough game to spoil a good walk. Wilson’s fame grew a decade later when he wrote the bestseller “Ruggles of Red Gap” which was made into a popular movie. In 1906 another tennis player disparaged golf with the critical saying, but he adroitly deflected responsibility by placing the words in the mouth of a “well-known jockey”: 5 Although I do not endorse the view of the well-known jockey who said that golf “merely spoilt a good walk,” it appears to me that (excellent game though it be) the attention it receives is just a little in excess of its merits as a game and not merely as an agreeable provider of exercise. Over the years the adage has been assigned to several prominent individuals. For example, in 1924 the words were ascribed to the famed statesman William Gladstone by the Earl of Birkenhead: 6 The late Mr. Gladstone was once, much against his wishes, compelled to play golf. He is reported to have commented upon the experiment that it was a good walk spoiled. Such would undoubtedly have been the verdict thirty years ago of any ninety-five per cent of the whole male population of the United States of America. In August 1948 The Saturday Evening Post published an article about the genesis of golf in Scotland. The first paragraph dubiously assigned the joke to the famous humorist from Hannibal, Missouri: 7 If Mark Twain, who once crustily called a game of golf a good walk spoiled, had ever ventured to the venerable gray-stone city of St. Andrews on the bleak east coast of Scotland, the outraged citizens would have given him the Scottish equivalent of the bum’s rush. In December 1948 the mass-circulation periodical “The Reader’s Digest” printed the maxim and echoed the attribution above: 8 9 10 Mark Twain: Golf is a good walk spoiled.    —The Saturday Evening Post In conclusion, the earliest instance of this general saying was credited to an unknown couple named “the Allens” in 1903, but this couple might not be the originators. It might be appropriate to label the saying anonymous. Also, there is no substantive evidence that Mark Twain ever used this adage. Update history: On June 2, 2012 the 1


Which piece of classical music was heard at the beginning of the Stanley Kubrick film 2001: A Space Odyssey ?

2001: a space odyssey - The Music THE MUSIC           To compose the music for 2001: A Space Odyssey, Stanley Kubrick called upon Alex North, who had written the score for Spartacus (the film that had made Kubrick bankable, after Paths of Glory had earned him his art-film credentials).  North was mostly a composer of jazz-based music for "small subject" films - A Streetcar Named Desire; Death Of A Salesman; Unchained; The Rainmaker; The Long, Hot Summer; The Children's Hour; The Misfits; Who's Afraid Of Virginia Woolf?  Composing the music for the epic Spartacus led to more "spectacular" scores, such as Cleopatra, The Agony And The Ecstasy, and Shoes Of The Fisherman.         But from the very beginning of the 2001 project, something was wrong.  Kubrick "was direct and honest with me concerning his desire to retain some of the 'temporary' music tracks which he had been using," North would later recall.  "Somehow I had the hunch," he said, "that whatever I wrote to supplant Strauss' 'Zarathustra' would not satisfy Kubrick."  He was right.  Neither the director nor the composer could finally live with a score that was part North's original work and part excerpts from classical pieces.  The "temporary" tracks were what Kubrick used in the completed film.         Whatever the motivation behind it, Kubrick's decision to use preexisting classical music - like everything else about 2001 - went against the grain of the science-fiction film genre.  Most of what passed for science-fiction films before 2001 employed fairly conventional film music, though the best of them were often distinguished by futuristic experimentation, such as Bernard Herrmann's remarkable score for The Day The Earth Stood Still, the "electronic tonalities" created by Luis and Bebe Barron for Forbidden Planet, and the theramin-based "space music" that quickly became a cliché.         "'The Blue Danube,'" Kubrick remarked in an interview, "gets about as far away as you can from the cliché of space music."  Both the most widely loved and the most frequently lampooned of the waltzes of Johann Strauss Jr., "The Blue Danube" was given new life when Kubrick associated it with the dancelike poetics of weightlessness.  So hauntingly perfect was his use of the Strauss waltz to accompany the graceful descent of spacecraft in silent space that today few people can think of either without the other.  Perhaps sensing the rightness of this conjunction of music and image, Kubrick reprised the waltz for the film's end titles, sending the audience away with something they could hum and deftly supplanting the disturbing open-endedness of his finale with comfortingly familiar rhythm and melody.         There is a certain irony in Kubrick's decision to use a composition of Aram Khachaturian's in 2001 in preference to Alex North's music: North had scored Spartacus, Kubrick's film of the epic story of gladiator/slave rebellion that Khachaturian had himself scored for ballet.  Khachaturian worked on his Spartacus music beginning as early as 1950, producing three different versions - the final one of which was premiered in 1968, the same year that 2001 appeared.         Much earlier, Khachaturian had composed the popular Gayane, a massive four-act ballet about crisis and reconstruction on a Soviet collective farm, filled with spirited Russian dances, of which the popular concert piece "Sabre Dance" is best known.  Kubrick's use of the languid, melancholic Adagio from Gayane to accompany the flight of Discovery toward Jupiter is a stroke of genius.  It amplifies the monotony of the astronauts' existence aboard the ship and adds an overtone of near-hopelessness.  The crew is, after all, not only in an empty and sterile environment but also millions of miles from home (and, as we later learn, doomed never to return).  The mood created by this use of the Khachaturian adagio finds a more recent echo in Oliver Stone's Platoon (1986): Samuel Barber's mournful Adagio For Strings floods the film with foreboding and despair as a yawning air transport disgorges its cargo of doomed recruits on


Which city would you visit to see the Frick Collection ?

New York City: Frick Collection - TripAdvisor Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. New York City: Frick Collection Free Newsletter Interested in New York City? We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for New York City each week. New York City Traveler Article: New York City: Frick Collection Save Article Read more about New York City Topics include Transportation, United States: For Foreign Visitors & more! Comments (1) The beautiful Fifth Avenue mansion and art collection of industrialist Henry Clay Frick (1849 - 1919) is one of New York City's finest cultural gems.  The museum has an intimate feel compared to its colossal neighbor, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, yet boasts numerous masterpieces, among which are priceless works by Vermeer, Giovanni Bellini, Rembrandt, Holbein, Titian, El Greco, Goya, Van Dyck, Fragonard, and Boucher. The collection boasts one of the highest percentages of "art book" paintings of any museum. Visiting Mr. Frick's home is a unique opportunity to experience in some vein where and how an American multimillionaire of the industrial age lived. It is a most architecturally exciting home designed by Carrère and Hastings, completed in 1914, and later twice expanded to better accommodate the public.  While Mr. Frick was able to enjoy his own masterpiece for only five short years, he generously left it to the public to enjoy through the ages.  The fountain in the middle of the house adds to the cool, calm atmosphere.  $10.00 admission for students makes it a must stop.  On Sunday mornings, the policy of "Pay What You Wish" takes place between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m.  No pictures please. For more information, visit the Frick Collection Website. Share your knowledge


What is the more formal name for the shinbone ?

Shin bone | definition of shin bone by Medical dictionary Shin bone | definition of shin bone by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/shin+bone bone  [bōn] 1. the hard, rigid form of connective tissue constituting most of the skeleton of vertebrates, composed chiefly of calcium salts. 2. any distinct piece of the skeleton of the body. See anatomic Table of Bones in the Appendices for regional and alphabetical listings of bones, and see color plates 1 and 2. Called also os . adj., adj bo´ny. There are 206 separate bones in the human body. Collectively they form the skeletal system , a structure bound together by ligaments at the joints and set in motion by the muscles, which are secured to the bones by means of tendons. Bones, ligaments, muscles, and tendons are the tissues of the body responsible for supporting and moving the body. Some bones have a chiefly protective function. An example is the skull, which encloses the brain, the back of the eyeball, and the inner ear. Some, such as the pelvis, are mainly supporting structures. Other bones, such as the jaw and the bones of the fingers, are concerned chiefly with movement. The bone marrow in the center manufactures blood cells. The bones themselves act as a storehouse of calcium , which must be maintained at a certain level in the blood for the body's normal chemical functioning. Structure and Composition. Bone is not uniform in structure but is composed of several layers of different materials. The outermost layer, the periosteum, is a thin, tough membrane of fibrous tissue. It gives support to the tendons that secure the muscle to the bone and also serves as a protective sheath. This membrane encloses all bones completely except at the joints where there is a layer of cartilage. Beneath the periosteum lie the dense, hard layers of bone tissue called compact bone. Its composition is fibrous rather than solid and it gives bone its resiliency. Encased within these layers is the tissue that makes up most of the volume of bone, called cancellous or spongy bone because it contains little hollows like those of a sponge. The innermost portion of the bone is a hollow cavity containing marrow. Blood vessels course through every layer of bone, carrying nutritive elements, oxygen, and other products. Bone tissue also contains a large number of nerves. The basic chemical in bone, which gives bone its hardness and strength, is calcium phosphate. Development. Cartilage forms the major part of bone in the very young; this accounts for the great flexibility and resiliency of the infant skeleton. Gradually, calcium phosphate collects in the cartilage, and it becomes harder and more brittle. Some of the cartilage cells break loose, so that channels develop in the bone shaft. Blood vessels enter the channels, bearing with them small cells of connective tissue, some of which become osteoblasts, cells that form true bone. The osteoblasts enter the hardened cartilage, forming layers of hard, firm bone. Other cells, called osteoclasts, work to tear down old or excess bone structure, allowing the osteoblasts to rebuild with new bone. This renewal continues throughout life, although it slows down with age. Cartilage formation and the subsequent replacement of cartilage by hard material is the mechanism by which bones grow in size. During the period of bone growth, cartilage grows over the hardened portion of bone. In time, this layer of cartilage hardens as calcium phosphate is added, and a fresh layer grows over it, and it too hardens. The process continues until the body reaches full growth. Long bones grow in length because of special cross-sectional layers of cartilage located near the flared ends of the bone. These harden and new cartilage is produced by the same process as previously described. Bone Disorders. fracture , a break in the bone, is the most common injury to the bone; it may be closed, with no break in the skin, or open, with penetration of the skin and exposure of portions of the broken bone. osteoporosis is excessive brittleness and porosity of


Which Yorkshire model village is named after its founder, Victorian industrialist Titis Salt, and a local river ?

Skelmersdale Rambling Club - 2014 SKELMERSDALE RAMBLING CLUB TODAY'S WALKS Strenuous Leader: Chris Connor   Distance: 11 miles, height 394m A walk of many contrasts. We set off from Saltaire along the Leeds - Liverpool canal to Bingley. We then start the climb up past the moss lined walls and woodland of Altars Lane to climb to the intriguingly named 'Druid's Altar'. After a moment to take in the view we then proceed higher onto the moor, past heather glen and onto the modest but mystical Harden Moor with its man made rock sculptures. We then start our descent onto the Millennium Way past the Cottingley viaduct and onto Saltaire for well earned refreshments. Moderate Leader: Peter Denton   Distance: 8.2 miles We will do our climbing at the start of the walk. When I say start I mean Up and downs and smidgin of mud 'til we have lunch Up at 'Five Locks'.. Then a nice steady ramble along the canal back to Saltaire for tea and scones. Enjoy your day. Happy rambles. Leisurely Leader: Sue Daniels   Distance: 6.5 miles We start off with a delightful meander through the Grade ll listed Roberts Park and then a short gradual climb past the Glen Railway. We then take the flat paths along Shipley Glen and Trench Woods heading towards Clovershaw Beck where we can cut across farmland and down to Eldwick Beck. There is a pub here and, if the weather is bad, it may be possible to take cover (landlord permitting!). If weather is good then we will stop on top of the moors with extensive views all around. Then it's easy walking along grassy paths and tracks where we drop down into a residential area making our way to the canal towpath and the famous Bingley Five Rise Locks. The final stretch is a joy as you meander beneath trees beside the canal to end up back in Saltaire. Easy Leader: Derek Lee   Distance: 6.25 miles This walk will in general follow the River Aire to Bingley Lower (3-rise) Locks, and return following the canal. Depending on conditions on the day, we can extend up to the famous 5-rise locks (an extra half mile or so) or cut corners and make the walk shorter. Only one climb of 100 feet through Hirst Wood today. Please bear with me - I have filled a vacancy and have not recce'd this walk. NOTES ON THE AREA Saltaire's founder was Sir Titus Salt, a Victorian industrialist and patriarch, who already owned six textile mills in Bradford. He made a considerable fortune from spinning alpaca fleece and, seeing the smoky, Dickensian squalor or life in the city, he decided to build a new settlement for his employees. Sir Titus designed Saltaire as a community where his workers could live in clean, sanitary conditions. Begun in 1851, it was 20 years in the making. As a contrast to many areas of Bradford, even the most modest dwelling in Saltaire had gas, running water and a toilet. In his plan, Sir Titus included schools, a bathhouse, laundry, hospital and a row of almshouses. A workers' dining room could seat 800 and was available for people to bring their own food and have it cooked or they could purchase tea or coffee at half a penny, a bowl of soup for 1d or a plate of meat for 2d.The neat streets of terraced houses were named after the founder (Titus Street), his wife Caroline, and children - not forgetting the reigning monarch (Victoria Street) and her consort (Albert Road). The centrepiece of his scheme was Salts Mill, a monumental example of industrial architecture which straddles the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The chimney is a copy of the bell tower of a church in Venice. In recent years the mill has enjoyed a new lease of life as a showcase for the artworks of David Hockney, who was born in Bradford. There are no Public Houses within the confines of the village, and the Club and Institute was erected to cater for the moral and physical welfare of the community. Its cost was £25,000. There were reading rooms, a library and a lecture theatre. A school of art was situated on the upper floors along with a room with four billiard tables. The area between Edward Street and Albert Street marks the site o


Which British seabirds are known as 'clowns of the sea' or 'sea parrots' ?

BBC Nature - Puffin videos, news and facts Puffin Puffin Puffins are colourful and full of character. Playfully known as 'clowns of the sea' and 'sea parrots', these shy and inquisitive seabirds arrive in Britain at the start of the breeding season. They then undergo their annual moult which renders them flightless for a short while, though they remain nimble and elegant underwater. A single puffin chick is raised in an underground burrow and parent birds are often seen with their parrot-like bills packed full of sand eels, intended for their fast-growing offspring. During winter, puffins disperse as far south as the Azores. Did you know?


What is the name of the Cambridge University dramatic club whose presidents have included Peter Cook, Hugh Laurie and David Mitchell ?

David Mitchell at University... with Richard Ayoade and John Oliver! : MitchellAndWebb   (1 child) Cool photo. I imagine this is from when they were all in Footlights together, where Mitchell (and later Ayoade) were both President. Robert Webb, Olivia Colman and James Bachmann were all in Footlights as well. EDIT: From the looks of it, other people who would have been there at the time include brilliant comedian Simon Munnery, Matthew Holness, known for Garth Marenghi's Darkplace (also brilliant), stand-up comedian Tim Key, and... Shadow Education Secretary Tristram Hunt. Hmm.


The process of Vulcanization , as applied to rubber, involves treating it with which chemical element before subjecting it to intense heat ?

Polymers and plastics: a chemical introduction The physical properties of a polymer such as its strength and flexibility depend on: chain length - in general, the longer the chains the stronger the polymer; side groups - polar side groups (including those that lead to hydrogen bonding) give stronger attraction between polymer chains, making the polymer stronger; branching - straight, unbranched chains can pack together more closely than highly branched chains, giving polymers that have higher density, are more crystalline and therefore stronger; cross-linking - if polymer chains are linked together extensively by covalent bonds, the polymer is harder and more difficult to melt. Amorphous and crystalline polymers The crystalline parts of this polymer are shown in blue. [ source ] For a very understandable discussion of polymer crystallinity, see this Macrogalleria page . The spaghetti-like entanglements of polymer molecules tend to produce amorphous solids, but it often happens that some parts can become sufficiently aligned to produce a region exhibiting crystal-like order, so it is not uncommon for some polymeric solids to consist of a random mixture of amorphous and crystalline regions. As might be expected, shorter and less-branched polymer chains can more easily organize themselves into ordered layers than can long chains. Hydrogen-bonding between adjacent chains also helps, and is very important in fiber-forming polymers both synthetic (Nylon 6.6) and natural (cotton cellulose).   Thermal properties: thermoplastics and thermosets Pure crystalline solids have definite melting points, but polymers, if they melt at all, exhibit a more complex behavior. At low temperatures, the tangled polymer chains tend to behave as rigid glasses. For example, the natural polymer that we call rubber becomes hard and brittle when cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature. Many synthetic polymers remain in this state to well above room temperature. The melting of a crystalline compound corresponds to a sudden loss of long-range order; this is the fundamental reason that such solids exhibit definite melting points, and it is why there is no intermediate form between the liquid and the solid states. In amorphous solids there is no long-range order, so there is no melting point in the usual sense. Such solids simply become less and less viscous as the temperature is raised. In some polymers (known as thermoplastics ) there is a fairly definite softening point that is observed when the thermal kinetic energy becomes high enough to allow internal rotation to occur within the bonds and to allow the individual molecules to slide independently of their neighbors, thus rendering them more flexible and deformable. This defines the glass transition temperature tg . See here for a more complete definition of the glass transition temperature. Depending on the degree of crystallinity, there will be a higher temperature, the melting point tm , at which the crystalline regions come apart and the material becomes a viscous liquid. Such liquids can easily be injected into molds to manufacture objects of various shapes, or extruded into sheets or fibers. Other polymers (generally those that are highly cross-linked) do not melt at all; these are known as thermosets . If they are to be made into molded objects, the polymerization reaction must take place within the molds — a far more complicated process. About 20% of the commercially-produced polymers are thermosets; the remainder are thermoplastics. 2  Thermoplastic polymer structures Homopolymers and heteropolymers Copolymerization is an invaluable tool for "tuning" polymers so that they have the right combination of properties for an application. For example, homopolymeric polystyrene is a rigid and very brittle transparent thermoplastic with a glass transition temperature of 97°C. Copolymerizing it with acrylonitrile yields an altenating "SAN" copolymer in which tg is raised to 107°, making it useable for transparent drink containers. A polymer that is composed of identical monomeric units (as is polyethyle