What word can be used to describe a quarter of an acre of land, an old measurement of length between 16½ feet and 24 feet or a large cross above the central axis of a church?

Dictionary - Survey, Boundary, Mapping, Mining - Elliott Surveying - Elliott Land Surveying New Mexico Elliott Land Surveying New Mexico Dictionary - Survey, Boundary, Mapping, Mining - Elliott Surveying Glossary-Dictionary of terms related to professional surveying, geomatics. These terms are defined in accordance with their meaning and usage within the surveying profession. Many of these terms are defined using slang or historical definitions. This glossary includes survey words as adapted to government organizations such as FEMA, BLM, GLO, USGS, PLSS and others. The terms involve mining, development, boundary, easement, mapping and construction as survey vocabulary relates to these disciplines. Elliott Surveying- New Mexico- 505-280-6729 rusty@elliottsurveying.net A-Survey, Mining, Mapping Terms and Definitions  Elliott Surveying- New Mexico- 505-280-6729 -  rusty@elliottsurveying.net   ABANDONMENT OF EASEMENT- (LEGAL)- Non-use does not constitute abandonment, so the acts claimed to constitute abandonment must be decisive and conclusive to indicate a clear intent to abandon. ABSTRACT OF TITLE – (SURVEY)-  A condensed history of the title to land, consisting of a synopsis or summary of the material.   ABUT – (SURVEY)- To reach; to touch. In old law, the ends were said to abut, the sides to adjoin. The term “abutting” implies a closer proximity than the term “adjacent.”   ACCESS – (SURVEY)- The right to enter and leave over the lands of another.   ACCRETION – (SURVEY)-  It is the gradual and imperceptible addition of soil or other material by the natural processes of water-borne sedimentation.   ACCURACY– (SURVEY)- Accuracy relates to the quality of a result, and is distinguished from precision which relates to the quality of the operation by which the result is obtained. The degree of perfection obtained in measurements. ACCURACY RATIO- (SURVEY)- The ratio of error of closure to the distance measured for one or a series of measurements.   ACEQUIA – (SURVEY)- A ditch through which water, diverted from its natural course, is conducted for use in irrigation.   ACKNOWLEDGEMENT – (SURVEY)-  In regard to a legal instrument or document, formal declaration before an authorized official such as a Notary Public, by the person who executed the instrument, that it is his free act and deed.   ACQUIESCENCE – (SURVEY)- Some act of concurrence by the adjoining owners bearing on the practical location of their common boundary where the definite or more accurate position of the line or lines has not or cannot be defined by survey.   ACRE – (SURVEY)- A unit of area measurement. An acre equals 10 square chains or 43,560 square feet. 640 acres equal 1 square mile. ACRE FOOT- (WATER RIGHTS)- Volume of water required to cover 1 acre of land (43,560 square feet) to a depth of 1 foot, equivalent to 325,851 gallons. ACTUAL CASH VALUE - (FEMA-NFIP) - The replacement cost for a building, minus a depreciation percentage based on age and condition. ADD TAPE - (SURVEY)-  A survey tape on which minor graduations are placed ahead of the zero point. ADIT- (MINE)-  a  horizontal  entry  into  a  mine  with  one  opening  to  the  surface,  commonly  and erroneously  called  a tunnel.   ADJACENT – (SURVEY)- Lying near or close to; sometimes contiguous; neighboring. The term “adjacent” implies that the two objects or parcels of land are not widely separated, though they may not actually touch, while “adjoining” implies that they are so joined or united to each other that no third object or parcel of land intervenes.   ADJOINER – (SURVEY)- An owner of land which touches the land of another, his name being given in the deed or instrument by which the land is conveyed.   ADJOINING – (SURVEY)- Touching or contiguous, as distinguished from lying near to or adjacent.   ADJUDICATION – (SURVEY)- The pronouncing of a judgment or decree in a cause; also the judgment given. ADJUSTMENT OF DATA- (SURVEY)- A process used to remove inconsistencies in measured data. It provides a method to compensate for random errors which occur in all measurements. ADJUSTMENT OF INSTRU


In art, which Italian term literally translating as ‘light-dark’ refers to the use of strong contrasts?

Reuben Nanda: Unit 3: Words used are words meant. Part-1 Words used are words meant. Part-1 When reading about filming techniques. I enjoy the following - *Chiaroscuro - In art is an Italian term which literally means 'light-dark'. In paintings the description refers to clear tonal contrasts which are often used to suggest the volume and modelling of the subjects depicted. Further specialised uses include chiaroscuro woodcut , for coloured woodcuts printed with different blocks, each using a different coloured ink; and chiaroscuro drawing for drawings on coloured paper with drawing in a dark medium and white highlighting. Similar effects in the lighting of cinema and photography are also chiaroscuro. Giovanni Baglione. Sacred and Profane Love. 1602–1603, showing dramatic compositional chiaroscuro. *Origin in the chiaroscuro drawing Chiaroscuro originated during the Renaissance as drawing on coloured paper, where the artist worked from the paper's base tone towards light using white gouache, and towards dark using ink, bodycolour or watercolour. These in turn drew on traditions in illuminated manuscripts, going back to late Roman Imperial manuscripts on purple-dyed vellum. Chiaroscuro woodcuts began as imitations of this technique. When discussing Italian art, the term is sometimes used to mean painted images in monochrome or two colours, more generally known in English by the French equivalent, grisaille. The term early broadened in meaning to cover all strong contrasts in illumination between light and dark areas in art, which is now the primary meaning. *Cinema and Photography: Chiaroscuro used in cinematography to indicate extreme low-key lighting to create distinct areas of light and darkness in films, especially in black and white films. Classic examples are The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939), The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941) and the black and white scenes in Andrei Tarkovsky's Stalker (1979). In photography, chiaroscuro is often effected with the use of "Rembrant lighting". In more highly-developed photographic processes, this technique may also be termed "ambient/natural lighting", although when done so for the effect, the look is artificial and not generally documentary in nature. W.Eugene Smith, Josef Koudelka, Garry Winogrand, Lothar, Annie Leibovitz, Floria Sigismondi and Ralph Gibson may be considered some of the modern masters of chiaroscuro in documentary photography. Perhaps the most direct personification of the intent of chiaroscuro in filmmaking, though, would be Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon, in which some scenes were shot using a modified Mitchell BNC camera and a Zeiss lens manufactured for the rigors of space photography, with a maximum aperture of f/.7. When informed that no lens currently had a wide enough aperture to shoot a costume drama set in grand palaces using only candlelight, Kubrick bought and retrofitted a special lens for these purposes. The naturally unaugmented lighting situations in the film exemplified low-key, natural lighting in film work at its most extreme outside of the Eastern European/Soviet filmmaking tradition (itself exemplified by the harsh low-key lighting style employed by Soviet filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein). Still from Stanley Kubrick's Barry London. Some of which was shot just by candlelight. *(Information from Wikipedia)


Which King of England is buried in Worcester Cathedral?

worcestercathedral.co.uk Exhibition closes Monday 28 November 2016 King John was born on Christmas Eve in 1166. He began his reign in 1199 in control of a vast empire which stretched from Gascony in the south of France all the way up through large regions of France to England, areas in Wales and some parts of Ireland. King John is most famous for agreeing to the Magna Carta, which was a charter of demands made by John's rebellious barons. When he died in October 1216, he had lost most of his French lands, and was in the midst of a civil war against many of his own barons.ï¿½ Read Prof Stephen Church's (of the University of East Anglia)ï¿½articleï¿½for The English Historical Review, on King John's Testament and the Last Days of his Reign.......... Exhibition closes Monday 28 November 2016 King John and Worcestershire Some of King John's favourite hunting grounds were here at Kinver and Feckenham, and he had a special affection for Saint Wulfstan, one of the two great Anglo-Saxon saints whose shrines and tombs were at Worcester. Both Saint Wulfstan and Saint Oswald can be seen in miniature beside the head of John on his effigy. When John came to Worcester he would have stayed in the cathedral priory or castle. There are two or three probable locations for his place of lodging. The first possible place was in the rooms of the prior, who was the monk in charge of the monastery. The second was in the guesthouse of the priory, whichï¿½was located originally inside from the gatehouse and just to the north of it, on the site of the present Guesten. This was later to be replaced by the huge Guestenhall in the later middle ages of which only the ruins survive. An alternative theory is that the early guesthouse was located just south of the Chapter House. John first visited Worcester in October 1189, when meeting the Welsh nobility on behalf of his brother King Richard I. All paid homage to John, except for one, whom John therefore attacked in Carmarthen castle and brought to submission. On Easter Day in the year 1200 King John visited the Cathedral. In 1202 he had ordered the rebuilding of the priory's great Gatehouse (now called Edgar Tower) after a terrible fire, which had damaged the whole city of Worcester. He again visited Worcester in 1205 as part of a national tour to raise forces to recapture his lost French territories. In 1207 John was at Worcester for Christmas, and he gave 100 marks to help with the repairs after the great fire of 1202 and prayed at Saint Wulfstan's golden shrine. However in the quarrel between the Pope and King John, the Bishop of Worcester, Mauger sided with the Papacy. Mauger had been Richard the Lionheart's physician. He was one of the few Bishop's to publish the Pope's interdict in England in 1208, and was consequently forced to flee England. John returned in 1209 to negotiate with the Welsh. Worcester Priory was ordered to give the King in the year 1210 the sum of 200 marks, and instructed to provide him with a cart and four horses. John appeared here once again in 1211 when he was trying to raise troops to invade France, and once more in 1213 when he ordered the monks to elect the Chancellor of the Exchequer Walter de Gray as the new Bishop of Worcester. In 1214 John visited briefly to spend his Christmas at the Cathedral priory, but left on Boxing Day for London. During the civil war at the end of John's reign, the city of Worcester had declared for the rebellious barons. A loyalist army under the Earl of Chester was unable to capture the city. However on 17th July 1216, one of John's loyal lieutenants, Fawkes de Breautï¿½ broke through the defences at Worcester castle and then captured the town. The gold on St. Wulfstan's shrine was melted and used to pay a 300 mark fine. John's last visit to Worcester was on 16 August 1216, ordering the citizens to make a payment to Walter de Beauchamp so that alms might be given to the poor. The Will John had contracted dysentery at Lynn in 1216. Just before his death, John managed to dictate a brief will. The will still survives and is usually on display in


Which jockey, with 20, has ridden in the Grand National most times?

Facts & Figures Facts & Figures It is illegal for anyone aged under 18 to gamble Facts & Figures Records The first race was held in 1839, but it started in inauspicious circumstances, going off two hours late after confusion over weighing procedures. The aptly named, and 5-1 favourite, Lottery came home first. The 1929 National featured the most starters in the race when 66 horses lined up. The smallest field was in 1883 when just 10 faced the starter. The fastest ever time is the 8 minutes 47.8 seconds Mr Frisk recorded in taking victory in 1990. The slowest time is the 14m 53s it took Lottery to win the first National in 1839. The smallest number of finishers was in 1928 when Tipperary Tim, a 100-1 outsider, was the first of two past the post. The greatest number of horses to finish was 23 in 1984. Hallo Dandy, ridden by Neale Doughty, was the winner. 17 completed last season. The 1997 Grand National, which was won by Lord Gyllene, was the 150th running of the race at Aintree and Sir Peter O'Sullevan's 50th and final commentary for the BBC. 2013 saw the first screening of the race by Channel 4. The shortest price winner was Poethlyn at 11-4 in 1919. The Course The first five Grand National's included one jump that was a stone wall. It was situated where the water jump now stands. Becher's Brook earned its name when a top jockey, Captain Martin Becher, took shelter in the brook after being unseated. "Water tastes disgusting without the benefits of whisky" he reflected. The Chair is the tallest fence at 5ft 2ins, and the broadest. The fence got its name as it was once alongside the seat used by the distance judge. The fences at Aintree are made up of spruce from the Lake District. The cost of the building work is tens of thousands of pounds and takes a month to complete. As well as horse racing, Aintree has also hosted a European and five British Grand Prix. Stirling Moss won his first Grand Prix in Liverpool in 1955. The change seemed to work in 2014 as no horse lost his jockey until the Canal Turn, although there were plenty of early casualties last year. Horses Red Rum is the most successful horse, having won the Grand National three times: 1973, 1974 and 1977. The oldest winning horse is Peter Simple, aged 15 (1853); the youngest winning horses were Alcibiade (1865), Regal (1876), Austerlitz (1877), Empress (1880), Lutteur III (1909), all aged 5. Abd-El-Kader was the first horse to win back-to-back Nationals, in 1850 and 1851. The Colonel, (1869 & 1870), Reynoldstown (1935 & 1936) and Red Rum (1973 & 1974) have also retained the crown. Can Many Clouds join this elite club this year? Moiffa won in 1904 - having disappeared a year earlier. On a trip to Liverpool from New Zealand, Moiffa's ship was shipwrecked. The horse was presumed lost at sea before turning up on an outcrop south of Ireland. The legendary Golden Miller won in 1934 and became the only horse to complete the Cheltenham Gold Cup-Grand National double in the same season. Garrison Savannah narrowly failed to emulate the feat in 1991. Manifesto has run in more races than any other horse. Between 1895 and 1904, he ran in eight races, winning two and coming third on three occasions. He only failed to finish once. Two Russian horses, Reljef and Grifel, competed in the 1961 Grand National, but neither finished. Horses from Hungary, the Czech Republic and Norway have also run in previous Grand Nationals, although all with similarly disappointing results. Hungarian chaser Buszke was pulled up in 1868, while Gyi Lovam, the first Czechoslovakian challenger in 1931, came to grief at Becherï¿½s, was remounted but fell again four fences later. The Czech-trained Essex, Fraze and Quirinus all carried automatic top-weight in the 1980s and 1990s but failed to complete. The 2000 renewal saw the first Norwegian-trained runner in the shape of Trinitro, but he got no further than the first fence where he fell. Japanese thoroughbred, Fujino-O captured four consecutive renewals of the prestigious Nakayama Daishogai in his homeland before being sent to Britain to be prepared f


The theme song of which Bond film was composed by Paul and Linda McCartney?

Live and Let Die | The Beatles Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Live and Let Die This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia ( view authors) . As there are far too many pages of this type, this page must be edited to be original at the earliest possible moment. This tag must not be removed until the rewrite is done — doing so is a (possibly criminal) violation of Wikipedia's copyright. "Live and Let Die" is the main theme song of the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die and was performed by Paul McCartney and Wings on the movie soundtrack and on the soundtrack album. The song was one of Wings' most successful singles, and the most successful Bond theme to that point. [1] Commissioned specifically for the movie and credited to Paul McCartney and his wife Linda , it reunited McCartney with Beatles producer George Martin , who both produced the song and arranged the orchestral break. Contents Edit After George Martin was hired to score the new James Bond film, Paul McCartney offered to compose the theme song, and Wings recorded a demo of "Live and Let Die". However, Bond producer Harry Saltzman was interested in having an African American female artist perform it instead of Wings. Martin said that McCartney would only allow the song to be used in the movie if Wings were able to perform the song in the opening credits. Saltzman, who had previously rejected the chance to produce A Hard Day's Night , decided not to make the same mistake twice and agreed. A second version of the song, performed by B.J. Arnau , also appears in the film. The Arnau version of the song appears on the soundtrack album as a component in a medley that also contains two George Martin-composed instrumental pieces, "Fillet of Soul - New Orleans" and "Fillet of Soul - Harlem". Wings recorded "Live and Let Die" during the sessions for the Red Rose Speedway album. The single reached #2 in the U.S. and #7 in the U.K. Although McCartney's previous single, " My Love ", had been credited to "Paul McCartney & Wings", the label of the "Live and Let Die" single credited the performing artist simply as "Wings." This is because the B-side of the single, " I Lie Around ", was not sung by Paul McCartney but instead sung by Wings guitarist Denny Laine . When the song made its first album appearance on the soundtrack album , however, the song was credited to "Paul McCartney & Wings". "Live and Let Die" was the last Paul McCartney single on Apple Records that was credited only to "Wings". The single and the soundtrack album also disagree on the composer credit. The single giving sole authorship to Paul McCartney, while the soundtrack album credits Paul & Linda McCartney as the composer. In the 2001 documentary Wingspan, Paul revealed that Linda wrote the bridge section "What Does It Matter To You...". Despite its first LP appearance on the 1973 soundtrack album, "Live And Let Die" was not featured on a Paul McCartney album until the Wings Greatest compilation in 1978. "Live and Let Die" was the first James Bond theme song to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song (which gave Paul his second Academy Award nomination and Linda her first), but it lost to the theme song from " The Way We Were ". In Wings' live performances, the song's instrumental break featured flashpots and a laser light show that became a highlight. Paul has continued to play the song on his solo tours, often using pyrotechnics when playing outdoor venues. "Live And Let Die" is the only song to appear on all of McCartney's live albums (barring the acoustic-based 'Unplugged.') Although the most famous version of the song remains Wings ' original recording, it was covered by the Stan Kenton big band in 1973 and later by Guns N' Roses in 1991. Due to its status as a Bond theme it was also covered by The Pretenders (released exclusively on the album Shaken and Stirred: The David Arnold James Bond Project ), and Fergie of the Black Eyed Peas performed the song on Movies Rock 2007, a CBS] special celebrating music in movies. Geri Halliwell , of the Spice Girls , released the


Who is the daughter of Prospero in The Tempest?

SparkNotes: The Tempest: Plot Overview Plot Overview Context Character List A storm strikes a ship carrying Alonso, Ferdinand, Sebastian, Antonio, Gonzalo, Stephano, and Trinculo, who are on their way to Italy after coming from the wedding of Alonso’s daughter, Claribel, to the prince of Tunis in Africa. The royal party and the other mariners, with the exception of the unflappable Boatswain, begin to fear for their lives. Lightning cracks, and the mariners cry that the ship has been hit. Everyone prepares to sink. The next scene begins much more quietly. Miranda and Prospero stand on the shore of their island, looking out to sea at the recent shipwreck. Miranda asks her father to do anything he can to help the poor souls in the ship. Prospero assures her that everything is all right and then informs her that it is time she learned more about herself and her past. He reveals to her that he orchestrated the shipwreck and tells her the lengthy story of her past, a story he has often started to tell her before but never finished. The story goes that Prospero was the Duke of Milan until his brother Antonio, conspiring with Alonso, the King of Naples, usurped his position. Kidnapped and left to die on a raft at sea, Prospero and his daughter survive because Gonzalo leaves them supplies and Prospero’s books, which are the source of his magic and power. Prospero and his daughter arrived on the island where they remain now and have been for twelve years. Only now, Prospero says, has Fortune at last sent his enemies his way, and he has raised the tempest in order to make things right with them once and for all. After telling this story, Prospero charms Miranda to sleep and then calls forth his familiar spirit Ariel, his chief magical agent. Prospero and Ariel’s discussion reveals that Ariel brought the tempest upon the ship and set fire to the mast. He then made sure that everyone got safely to the island, though they are now separated from each other into small groups. Ariel, who is a captive servant to Prospero, reminds his master that he has promised Ariel freedom a year early if he performs tasks such as these without complaint. Prospero chastises Ariel for protesting and reminds him of the horrible fate from which he was rescued. Before Prospero came to the island, a witch named Sycorax imprisoned Ariel in a tree. Sycorax died, leaving Ariel trapped until Prospero arrived and freed him. After Ariel assures Prospero that he knows his place, Prospero orders Ariel to take the shape of a sea nymph and make himself invisible to all but Prospero. Miranda awakens from her sleep, and she and Prospero go to visit Caliban, Prospero’s servant and the son of the dead Sycorax. Caliban curses Prospero, and Prospero and Miranda berate him for being ungrateful for what they have given and taught him. Prospero sends Caliban to fetch firewood. Ariel, invisible, enters playing music and leading in the awed Ferdinand. Miranda and Ferdinand are immediately smitten with each other. He is the only man Miranda has ever seen, besides Caliban and her father. Prospero is happy to see that his plan for his daughter’s future marriage is working, but decides that he must upset things temporarily in order to prevent their relationship from developing too quickly. He accuses Ferdinand of merely pretending to be the Prince of Naples and threatens him with imprisonment. When Ferdinand draws his sword, Prospero charms him and leads him off to prison, ignoring Miranda’s cries for mercy. He then sends Ariel on another mysterious mission. On another part of the island, Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio, Gonzalo, and other miscellaneous lords give thanks for their safety but worry about the fate of Ferdinand. Alonso says that he wishes he never had married his daughter to the prince of Tunis because if he had not made this journey, his son would still be alive. Gonzalo tries to maintain high spirits by discussing the beauty of the island, but his remarks are undercut by the sarcastic sourness of Antonio and Sebastian. Ariel appears, invisible, and plays music that puts a


To which actress was Groucho Marx referring when he reportedly said “I knew her before she was a virgin”?

Doris Day - Biography - IMDb Doris Day Biography Showing all 133 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (4) | Trade Mark  (3) | Trivia  (72) | Personal Quotes  (49) Overview (4) 5' 7" (1.7 m) Mini Bio (1) One of America's most prolific actresses was born Doris Mary Ann Von Kapplehoff on April 3, 1922, in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Alma Sophia (Welz), a housewife, and William Joseph Kappelhoff, a music teacher and choir master. Her grandparents were all German immigrants. She had two brothers, Richard, who died before she was born and Paul, a few years older. Her parents divorced while she was still a child and she lived with her mother. Like most little girls, Doris liked to dance. At fourteen, she formed a dance act with a boy, Jerry Doherty, and they won $500 in a local talent contest. She and Jerry took a brief trip to Hollywood to test the waters. They felt they could succeed, so she and Jerry returned to Cincinnati with the intention of packing and making a permanent move to Hollywood. Tragically, the night before she was to move to Hollywood, she was injured riding in a car hit by a train, ending the possibility of a dancing career. It was a terrible setback, but after taking singing lessons she found a new vocation, and at age 17, she began touring with the Les Brown Band. She met trombonist Al Jorden, whom she married in 1941. Jorden was prone to violence and they divorced after two years, not long after the birth of their son Terry. In 1946, Doris married George Weidler , but this union lasted less than a year. Day's agent talked her into taking a screen test at Warner Bros. The executives there liked what they saw and signed her to a contract (her early credits are often confused with those of another actress named Doris Day, who appeared mainly in B westerns in the 1930s and 1940s). Her first starring movie role was in Romance on the High Seas (1948). The next year, she made two more films, My Dream Is Yours (1949) and It's a Great Feeling (1949). Audiences took to her beauty, terrific singing voice and bubbly personality, and she turned in fine performances in the movies she made (in addition to several hit records). She made three films for Warner Bros. in 1950 and five more in 1951. In that year, she met and married Martin Melcher , who adopted her young son Terry, who later grew up to become Terry Melcher , a successful record producer. In 1953, Doris starred in Calamity Jane (1953), which was a major hit, and several more followed: Lucky Me (1954), Love Me or Leave Me (1955), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) and what is probably her best-known film, Pillow Talk (1959). She began to slow down her filmmaking pace in the 1960s, even though she started out the decade with a hit, Please Don't Eat the Daisies (1960). In 1958, her brother Paul died. Around this time, her husband, who had also taken charge of her career, had made deals for her to star in films she didn't really care about, which led to a bout with exhaustion. The 1960s weren't to be a repeat of the previous busy decade. She didn't make as many films as she had in that decade, but the ones she did make were successful: Do Not Disturb (1965), The Glass Bottom Boat (1966), Where Were You When the Lights Went Out? (1968) and With Six You Get Eggroll (1968). Martin Melcher died in 1968, and Doris never made another film, but she had been signed by Melcher to do her own TV series, The Doris Day Show (1968). That show, like her movies, was also successful, lasting until 1973. After her series went off the air, she made only occasional TV appearances. By the time Martin Melcher died, Doris discovered she was millions of dollars in debt. She learned that Melcher had squandered virtually all of her considerable earnings, but she was eventually awarded $22 million by the courts in a case against a man that Melcher had unwisely let invest her money. She married for the fourth time in 1976 and since her divorce in 1980 has devoted her life to animals. Today, she runs the Doris Day Animal League in Carmel, California, which advocates homes and proper


Which motorway links Cadnam, west of Southampton to Portsmouth?

M27. The South Coast Motorway, M271, M275 and A3(M) M27. The South Coast Motorway, M271, M275 and A3(M) M27. The South Coast Motorway, M271, M275 and A3(M)   The M27 was developed from the long-standing route for a new South Coast Road established in the late 1930s, when a new dual carriageway route with at grade junctions was identified by the County Surveyor of Hampshire and used for development control purposes. Residential developments after the Second World War at Chilworth (north of Southampton) and at Paulsgrove (near Portsmouth) were restricted to allow room for a new road. However the restriction of industrial development south of Eastleigh (Southampton) airport was broken during World War II to allow for a large factory extension over the route for the manufacture of Spitfires. The M27 runs from Cadnam, west of Southampton, to the north side of Portsmouth. Design work was started again by Hampshire County Council on behalf of the MoT when, in 1967, a team of Hampshire County Council engineers who had been working on the design of the M3 London-Basingstoke motorway were transferred to a special office in Southampton. It was subsequently taken over by the Hampshire sub-unit of the South East Road Construction Unit and on the privatisation of the RCU the work was completed by Mott Hay & Anderson (as known then) under the overall supervision of the SE Regional Office. Fortunately for all concerned this was not as complicated as it might appear as the post-war work was carried out essentially by the same people, albeit employed by different organisations. The principal changes from the early South Coast Road plans included an increase in land take for the dual 3-lane motorway standard and a new vertical alignment to permit the grade separation of side roads and junctions. The Westerly termination of M27 at Cadnam followed an understanding with the Verderers of the New Forest that the motorway should not run through the Forest. The eastern termination of M27 at Portsbridge joined the improved A27(T) which had been routed southwards out of residential development by construction of the Havant and Farlington Cosham bypasses. Farlington viaduct To the east of M27 the six mile length of A3(M) from Horndean to Bedhampton takes the route of A3 out of the built-up areas between Horndean and Cosham and was presumably designated as motorway because at that time (1976) it was assumed it would be connecting directly to the M27 motorway. It was completed in 1979. Initially the M27 was destined to be taken at least as far as the Bedhampton junction and, apart from the different coloured signs, the motorist will probably be unaware that it did not happen. However the land acquired for this stretch of the motorway was not quite wide enough - by less than a foot - and the Chief Highway Engineer of the day, quite rightly if a little pedantically, ruled that it didn’t conform to motorway standards and must therefore be an all-purpose trunk road. In addition to the East West motorway route, urban motorway links were proposed into the city centres of Southampton and Portsmouth. The M271 Nursling Spur linked to Southampton's western docks and the Waterside parishes. A second link was proposed at Stoneham known as the Portswood link motorway which would have become the main access to the city centre and eastern docks. North of Southampton new links at Chilworth and Bassett were included to re-route all trunk road traffic from the north onto M27 in order to remove external traffic from the main city access along the tree-lined "The Avenue" and its adjoining park. At Portsmouth the interchange included a link northwards to A27 at Cosham and M275 to the South which was planned as the new principal access to the city centre. The whole of this interchange was located within Portsmouth Harbour and required major land reclamation, which is described later. Between these extremities M27 followed the South Coast Road route except for the section between Hedge End and Fareham which was re-routed southwards in order to provide short links to A27 at


Who is the famous brother of the actress Shirley MacLaine?

Shirley MacLaine - Biography - IMDb Shirley MacLaine Biography Showing all 91 items Jump to: Overview  (3) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (3) | Trivia  (52) | Personal Quotes  (25) | Salary  (6) Overview (3) 5' 7" (1.7 m) Mini Bio (1) Shirley MacLaine was born Shirley MacLean Beaty in Richmond, Virginia. Her mother, Kathlyn Corinne (MacLean), was a drama teacher from Nova Scotia, Canada, and her father, Ira Owens Beaty, a professor of psychology and real estate agent, was from Virginia. Her brother, Warren Beatty , was born on March 30, 1937. Her ancestry includes English and Scottish. Shirley was the tallest in her ballet classes at the Washington School of Ballet. Just after she graduated from Washington-Lee High School, she packed her bags and headed for New York. While auditioning for Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II 's "Me and Juliet", the producer kept mispronouncing her name. She then changed her name from Shirley MacLean Beaty to Shirley MacLaine. She later had a role in "The Pajama Game", as a member of the chorus and understudy to Carol Haney . A few months into the run, Shirley was going to leave the show for the lead role in "Can-Can" but ended up filling in for Haney, who had broken her ankle and could not perform. She would fill in for Carol, again, three months later, following another injury, the very night that movie producer Hal B. Wallis was in the audience. Wallis signed MacLaine to a five-year contract to Paramount Pictures. Three months later, she was off to shoot The Trouble with Harry (1955). She then took roles in Hot Spell (1958) and Around the World in Eighty Days (1956), completed not too long before her daughter, Sachi Parker (born Stephanie), was born. With Shirley's career on track, she played one of her most challenging roles: "Ginny Moorhead" in Some Came Running (1958), for which she received her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. She went on to do The Sheepman (1958) and The Matchmaker (1958). In 1960, she got her second Academy Award nomination for The Apartment (1960). Three years later, she received a third nomination for Irma la Douce (1963). In 1969, she brought her friend Bob Fosse from Broadway to direct her in Sweet Charity (1969), from which she got her "signature" song, "If My Friends Could See Me Now". After a five-year hiatus, Shirley made a documentary on China called The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir (1975), for which she received an Oscar nomination for best documentary. In 1977, she got her fourth Best Actress Oscar nomination for The Turning Point (1977). In 1979, she worked with Peter Sellers in Being There (1979), made shortly before his death. After 20 years in the film industry, she finally took home the Best Actress Oscar for Terms of Endearment (1983). After a five-year hiatus, Shirley made Madame Sousatzka (1988), a critical and financial hit that took top prize at the Venice Film Festival. In 1989, she starred with Dolly Parton , Sally Field and Julia Roberts in Steel Magnolias (1989). She received rave reviews playing Meryl Streep 's mother in Postcards from the Edge (1990) and for Guarding Tess (1994). In 1996, she reprised her role from "Terms of Endearment" as "Aurora Greenway" in The Evening Star (1996), which didn't repeat its predecessor's success at the box office. In mid-1998, she directed Bruno (2000), which starred Alex D. Linz . In February 2001, Shirley worked with close friends once again in These Old Broads (2001), and co-starred with Julia Stiles in Carolina (2003) and with Kirstie Alley in Salem Witch Trials (2002). MacLaine as her own website which includes her own radio show and interviews, the Encounter Board, and Independent Expression, a members-only section of the site. In the past few years, Shirley starred in a CBS miniseries based on the life of cosmetics queen Mary Kay Ash -- The Battle of Mary Kay (2002), and wrote two more books, "The Camino" in 2001, and "Out On A Leash" in 2003. After taking a slight hiatus from motion pictures, Shirley returned with roles in the movies that were small, bu


What is the name of Sebastian Flyte’s teddy bear in Brideshead Revisited?

The saint who must have inspired the Brideshead teddy bear – CatholicHerald.co.uk A detail from St Aloysius Gonzaga in Glory by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo St Aloysius Gonzaga (June 21) is the patron saint of youth St Aloysius (1568-91) is the patron saint of youth, as Sebastian Flyte must have recalled when he named his teddy bear in Brideshead Revisited. The real Aloysius was quite as aristocratic as Sebastian. He was born Luigi Gonzaga, into a branch of the family that ruled Mantua. His father Ferrante Gonzaga was Marquis of Castiglione, a small town near Mantua. His mother belonged to the della Rovere family which had produced popes Sixtus IV and Julius II. They had met and married at the court of Philip II of Spain. Their eldest son would seem rather more Spanish than Italian in temperament. Indeed, several of Luigi’s ancestors had been called Aloysio, the Spanish form of his name. In 1528 another Castiglione had published The Book of the Courtier, a manual of snobbery which places intense emphasis on appearances. Aloysius’s life might have been lived as a rebuttal of that work. “I am a crooked piece of iron,” he declared, “and am come into the world to be made straight by the hammer of mortification and penance.” His father, by contrast, was determined that his son and heir should be a soldier. At five, Aloysius was taken to a military camp, where he imbibed language which made his tutors blush: their reproaches covered the boy with shame. At nine he attended the court of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, where the loose moral tone only confirmed his devotion to chastity. Aloysius resolved never to look at a woman, a policy which left him incapable of recognising his female relations. In 1579 he was sent to the court of his godfather, the Duke of Mantua, where he suffered from a kidney disease from which he never really recovered. The Duke, alarmed by Aloysius’s attraction to the Jesuits, explained that a bishopric could certainly be arranged for him if he insisted on taking religion so seriously. Pope Sixtus V, informed of the problem, asked Aloysius if he really understood how hard the religious life was. Aloysius understood perfectly, and a two-year sojourn with his parents in Madrid confirmed his determination. His father threatened to have the boy flogged, and on their return to Italy marshalled troops of Gonzagas, Medicis, della Roveres and d’Estes to lecture him. All to no avail. Aloysius entered the Jesuit novitiate in November 1585, aged 17. In Rome, he irritated his fellow novices by saying “Hail Mary” on every step of the stair; they called him “the Censor”. He seemed happiest when contemplating in an attic. But when plague broke out, Aloysius ministered to the victims until he died of the disease himself. His life, in fact, seems far removed from Brideshead – even if Sebastian did end up as a porter in a Moroccan monastery. Subscribe at your app store: Related stories


What nationality is racing driver Felipe Massa?

Felipe Massa Biography Info Close With his Sauber contract up, Massa’s Ferrari connections came into play ahead of the 2006 season as he was announced as the replacement for fellow Brazilian, the Honda-bound Rubens Barrichello. It gave Massa the opportunity to partner the legendary Michael Schumacher for what would be the German’s final championship campaign with Ferrari. After a tentative start, his season gained ever-increasing momentum.  His first Ferrari points came with fifth place at round two in Malaysia. His maiden podium came at round five, with third at the European Grand Prix. He followed that up with second places in the United States and Germany, before capturing his first Formula One victory in Turkey, where he also took his maiden pole position. He saw out the year in style with another pole in Japan and an emotional home win at the season finale in Brazil. Not surprisingly, Massa was retained by Ferrari for 2007 to partner Schumacher’s replacement, the highly-rated Kimi Raikkonen. With Schumacher, Massa was clearly the number two, but with Raikkonen he had the chance to establish a new team order. However, it was the Finn who had the edge - and the Finn who secured the title - and only the following year did Massa discover the levels of pace and maturity needed to put his team mate in the shade. By the end of 2008 he had taken over as Ferrari’s de facto number one, pushing McLaren’s Lewis Hamilton all the way in the title race and ultimately missing out by just a single point. Major rule changes saw Ferrari off the pace in 2009, but Massa's season was dominated by other matters, namely a life-threatening accident in qualifying for July's Hungarian Grand Prix. Struck on the head by a loose spring from the car of compatriot Barrichello, he suffered a fractured skull. After several days in a medically-induced coma, he spent the rest of the year recuperating, gradually ramping up his driving activity ahead of his 2010 race return alongside new team mate Fernando Alonso. Podium finishes in Bahrain and Australia suggested Massa was bouncing back with a flourish, but the successes didn’t last long and soon he was struggling to match Alonso. Unable to extract as much from the Ferrari F10 as his team mate, Massa was cast in a supporting role and at the German round was even forced to move aside to allow Alonso through. He eventually finished sixth in the standings, over 100 points shy of the Spaniard. After such a tough 2010 season, some voiced suspicions that he might leave the Scuderia ahead of 2011, but a determined Massa stayed in his red overalls. Any kind of a comeback, however, continued to elude him. Not only was the 150° Italia a difficult car but Massa continued to be out-qualified, out-raced and outclassed by Alonso. By the season’s close he hadn’t once made it on to the podium and had scored less than half of the points tally of his team mate. The following season started painfully slowly as he struggled to adapt to Ferrari’s tricky F2012. With team mate Alonso faring much better, Massa came under increased pressure and there was plenty of talk that he would lose his seat when his contract expired at the end of 2012. But the Brazilian’s performances gradually improved and after taking fourth at Silverstone, he returned to the podium for the first time since 2010 at October’s Japanese round. Soon after, Ferrari announced that he would continue to race for the team in 2013. He started that season in good shape, out-qualifying team mate Alonso regularly and scoring solidly, if not spectacularly. He claimed his only podium of the year in Spain, but accidents - two in Monaco - slowed his momentum. In September it was announced that he would be replaced at the Scuderia for 2014 by Raikkonen. The news seemed to light a fire under Massa, whose form improved once more. Convinced that it wasn’t yet time to end his F1 career, he signed to race for Williams in 2014 alongside rising Finnish star Valtteri Bottas. The move rejuvenated the Brazilian. He was the only non-Mercedes driver to take pole during the season,


Who composed the operas Oedipus Rex and The Rake’s Progress?

English National Opera Guide 43: Oedipus Rex / The Rake's Progress - Igor Stravinsky English National Opera Guide 43: Oedipus Rex / The Rake's Progress - Igor Stravinsky Search Site Note: All non-GBP prices are approximate. Related Products linguistics Community Poll Do you find the six levels of the Common European Framework helpful in assessing your ability when learning a language? Yes Sign-up for our free newsletter join our mailing list Last Name Remember: You can unsubscribe at anytime. Did you know? This store is tailored to our British customers. We have English National Opera Guide 43: Oedipus Rex / The Rake's Progress - Igor Stravinsky available in our US store too! Click here to view. English National Opera Guide 43: Oedipus Rex / The Rake's Progress - Igor Stravinsky Product Description English National Opera Guide 43: Oedipus Rex / The Rake's Progress - Igor Stravinsky English National Opera Guides are ideal companions to the opera. They provide stimulating introductory articles together with the complete text of each opera in English and the original. Stravinsky’s genius for the stage is here represented by two very different works. Oedipus Rex (1927) is the fruit of a collaboration with Jean Cocteau, in which the Sophocles tragedy is pared down to make an operaoratorio of overwhelming impact. Judith Weir analyses how this is achieved: the Latin text has an immediacy which is sometimes even comic, and the vibrant rhythms are reminiscent of the Italian operatic tradition – explored by David Nice in his analysis of the score. The libretto of The Rake’s Progress (1951) by W.H. Auden and Chester Kallman is one of the greatest English opera texts. In a survey of the composition period, Roger Savage examines the contributions of the different collaborators. ----- English National Opera Guide 43: Oedipus Rex / The Rake's Progress - Igor Stravinsky - About the Author: Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (1882 - 1971) was a Russian-born, naturalized French, later naturalized American composer, pianist, and conductor. His music was greatly admired for its stylistic diversity. Customer Rating


Which book opens with the words “No one would have believed in the last years of the nineteenth century that this world was being watched keenly and closely by intelligences greater than man’s”?

The War of the Worlds: Book 1, Chapter 1, The Eve of the War The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells The Coming of the Martians Chapter One The Eve of the War But who shall dwell in these worlds if they be   inhabited? . . . Are we or they Lords of the World? . . . And how are all things made for man?--                       Kepler (quoted in The Anatomy of Melancholy) No one would have believed in the last years of the nineteenth century that this world was being watched keenly and closely by intelligences greater than man's and yet as mortal as his own; that as men busied themselves about their various concerns they were scrutinised and studied, perhaps almost as narrowly as a man with a microscope might scrutinise the transient creatures that swarm and multiply in a drop of water. With infinite complacency men went to and fro over this globe about their little affairs, serene in their assurance of their empire over matter. It is possible that the infusoria under the microscope do the same. No one gave a thought to the older worlds of space as sources of human danger, or thought of them only to dismiss the idea of life upon them as impossible or improbable. It is curious to recall some of the mental habits of those departed days. At most terrestrial men fancied there might be other men upon Mars, perhaps inferior to themselves and ready to welcome a missionary enterprise. Yet across the gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us. And early in the twentieth century came the great disillusionment. The planet Mars, I scarcely need remind the reader, revolves about the sun at a mean distance of 140,000,000 miles, and the light and heat it receives from the sun is barely half of that received by this world. It must be, if the nebular hypothesis has any truth, older than our world; and long before this earth ceased to be molten, life upon its surface must have begun its course. The fact that it is scarcely one seventh of the volume of the earth must have accelerated its cooling to the temperature at which life could begin. It has air and water and all that is necessary for the support of animated existence. Yet so vain is man, and so blinded by his vanity, that no writer, up to the very end of the nineteenth century, expressed any idea that intelligent life might have developed there far, or indeed at all, beyond its earthly level. Nor was it generally understood that since Mars is older than our earth, with scarcely a quarter of the superficial area and remoter from the sun, it necessarily follows that it is not only more distant from time's beginning but nearer its end. The secular cooling that must someday overtake our planet has already gone far indeed with our neighbour. Its physical condition is still largely a mystery, but we know now that even in its equatorial region the midday temperature barely approaches that of our coldest winter. Its air is much more attenuated than ours, its oceans have shrunk until they cover but a third of its surface, and as its slow seasons change huge snowcaps gather and melt about either pole and periodically inundate its temperate zones. That last stage of exhaustion, which to us is still incredibly remote, has become a present-day problem for the inhabitants of Mars. The immediate pressure of necessity has brightened their intellects, enlarged their powers, and hardened their hearts. And looking across space with instruments, and intelligences such as we have scarcely dreamed of, they see, at its nearest distance only 35,000,000 of miles sunward of them, a morning star of hope, our own warmer planet, green with vegetation and grey with water, with a cloudy atmosphere eloquent of fertility, with glimpses through its drifting cloud wisps of broad stretches of populous country and narrow, navy-crowded seas. And we men, the creatures who inhabit this earth, must be to them at least as alien and l


In 1983 who became the first snooker player to make a 147 break at the World Championships?

Cliff Thorburn | ArmchairGM Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] Biography Clifford Charles Devlin (Cliff) Thorburn (born January 16, 1948 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) is a retired professional snooker player. His slow, determined style of play earned him the nickname The Grinder. Thorburn's finest moment came in the 1980 World Championship. He met Alex Higgins in the final, two personalities that could hardly be more different. Thorburn won the match 18-16 to take the championship, and rose to number two in the world rankings. The BBC's coverage of the final had been interrupted by the broadcast of live footage of the SAS storming the Iranian Embassy. The following season Thorburn reached the number one spot. In 1977 and 1983 he lost in the World final to John Spencer and Steve Davis respectively. In the latter final his wife had miscarried shortly before the match which may partly explain his very heavy defeat by Davis. In 1983, Thorburn became the first player to make a maximum 147 break at the World Championships. The achievement took place in a match against Terry Griffiths, and was made more notable by the fact that it stopped the match going on at the tournament's second table: Thorburn's friend and fellow Canadian Bill Werbeniuk wanted to watch the break instead of playing his own match; and joined in the celebrations with Thorburn and Griffiths when the break was completed. That same year, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada. During the 2006 World Championships, Thorburn flew to Sheffield to unveil a lifesize painting of his break, by the artist Michael Myers. It is on display at the Macdonald St. Paul's Hotel in Sheffield. [1] Thorburn was fined by World Snooker for using cocaine in 1989 and retired from professional snooker in 1996, but still plays the game. He enters competitions held in Canada. He is the father of two boys, Jamie and Andrew. Statistics


Which group had a number one hit in 1966 with Reach Out I'll Be There?

The Four Tops  Reach Out I'll Be There - YouTube The Four Tops  Reach Out I'll Be There Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 5, 2013 Category


The garden flower Kniphofia sometimes known as the ‘Torch Lily’ is more commonly known by what name?

Torch Lilies, Tritomas and Red Hot Pokers, How to Grow a Kniphofia plant - Garden Helper, Gardening Questions and Answers Gardening Questions and Answers No-dash-here, you've found The Real Garden Helper! Gardening on the Web since 1997   How to Grow and Care for a Torch Lily The Red Hot Poker Plant Kniphofia uvaria The stately flowers of the Torch Lily provide a dramatic display, when grown in a space where the entire plant is visible. Make this planting space directly in front of an evergreen background, or as a 'stand alone' specimen, and it is sure to turn heads. Red Hot Pokers are one of the favorite flowers for hummingbirds . Kniphofia uvaria is commonly known as a Red Hot Poker, Torch Lily or sometimes a Tritoma Depending on the variety, the flame colored flower spikes will reach 2-5 feet in height. The flower's coloring may range from ivory and orange to coral red. If you have sufficient space, you can select varieties to provide bloom during every month from May through October! Growing and Planting Requirements for Torch Lilies Red Hot Pokers are hardy in USDA zones 5-10 . They must be grown in full sun. Provide adequate spacing for these plants which may spread up to three feet over time. Good drainage is essential to prevent crown rot, otherwise these plants are tolerant of most soil types. Torch Lilies will survive periods of drought but they will grow much better if they are given abundant water during hot weather.


In the build-up to World War One, what was the Dual Monarchy?

World War I glossary Search for: World War I glossary A-D This World War I glossary contains significant words, terms and concepts relating to the 1914-18 conflict, its causes and consequences. Contains words from A to D. It has been written by Alpha History authors. If there’s a word or term you believe should be here, please let us know . abdication The resignation of a monarch, either voluntarily or under duress. Several European monarchs abdicated during World War I, most notably Nicholas II of Russia in 1917. alliance An alliance is a formal agreement between two or more nations, pledging military, logistic or financial support to each other in the event of war or aggression. Military alliances are considered a pivotal cause of World War I. alliance system The alliance system describes Europe’s diplomatic organisation before 1914 and its heavy reliance on alliances, supposedly as a deterrent to war. annexation Annexation is the forced acquisition of a region or territory by a more powerful state, such as Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia in 1908. ANZAC ANZAC is an acronym for the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, a joint force assembled in early 1915 to participate in the Gallipoli campaign. ANZAC Day (April 25th) is a day of commemoration in both nations. arms race An arms race is a period where two or more nations engage in the rapid production of military technology and equipment, usually in response or rivalry to each other. The arms race and build up of military equipment and weapons is considered an important cause of World War I. armistice An armistice is a temporary suspension of hostilities in a war, often while a peace treaty is being negotiated. The armistice that ended fighting in World War I was signed at dawn on November 11th 1918 and came into effect at 11 am. artillery Artillery is a collective term for large calibre mobile guns, capable of firing explosive shells that cause considerable destruction. Artillery fire caused more deaths in World War I than any other form of weapon. assassination Assassination is the murder of a monarch, political leader or other significant figure. Assassinations are usually designed to stimulate or trigger political change. autocracy Autocracy is a system of government where all political power and sovereignty is vested in a single ruler, usually a king, tsar or emperor. Balkans (or Balkan peninsula) The Balkans is a large region of south-eastern Europe, bordered by Austria-Hungary to the north, the Black Sea to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Adriatic Sea to the west. Nations in the Balkans include Serbia, Bosnia, Greece and Montenegro. barrage A barrage is the sustained bombardment of a trench line, front or area, usually with heavy artillery or naval guns. See also box barrage, creeping barrage. bayonet A bayonet is a long blade that is attached to the barrel of a gun, for use in infantry charges and close quarter fighting. The bayonet was considered an important weapon during the 18th and 19th centuries, however it was largely rendered ineffective by artillery, rifle and machine gun fire that limited hand to hand fighting. Black Hand (Serb, Crna Ruka) The Black Hand was a Serbian nationalist group, formed in 1901 and particularly active after 1908. Among the objectives of the Black Hand were the removal of Austrian control in Bosnia and the formation of a ‘Greater Serbia’ for Slavic people in the Balkans. blockade A blockade is a military operation to restrict movement and trade in and out of an enemy nation. The best known blockade of World War I was carried out by Allied warships against Germany. The blockade of Germany continued until 1919 and caused widespread food shortages and starvation. bolt hole A bolt hole is a space or natural crevice in the side of a trench wall. Bolt holes were used by trench soldiers for sleeping, resting and storage. Bosch (also Boche, Bosche) ‘Bosch’ is a derogatory term for Germans, common in England during World War I. It is derived from the French ‘caboche’ (cabbage) and German affection of sauerkra


Which African country has Dodoma as its capital?

A Complete List of African Countries and Their Capitals Follow Us A Complete List of African Countries and Their Capitals Africa is the second largest continent in the world and houses more than 50 countries. Take a look at the various African countries and their capitals. Advertisement South Africa has three official capitals - Pretoria is the executive capital, Bloemfontein is the judicial capital, and Cape Town is the legislative capital. In the 19th century, the relatively unexplored continent of Africa was seen by Europe's dominant powers as the perfect opportunity to expand their territory in order to utilize the continent's various unused resources and establish colonial supremacy. This ensued the 'Scramble for Africa'; as England, France, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium and Spain divided the African continent (except Liberia and Ethiopia) between themselves. Today, African countries are some of the worst-governed and impoverished nations in the world. However, its varied landscapes, wildlife, culture, and traditions have made it one of the most desired travel destinations in the world. Here is a map of Africa with all its countries and capitals. Country Harare NOTE: 1. South Sudan's capital is planned to be moved to Ramciel from Juba in the near future. 2. Dodoma has been Tanzania's capital since 1996. Dar es Salaam served as the capital of Tanzania from 1964 (Independence) to 1996. 3. Comoros, Cape Verde, Mauritius, São Tomé & Príncipe and Seychelles, although not a part of the main African landmass, are a part of the African subcontinent. 4. Western Sahara (A?-?a?ra' al-Gharbiyah), bordered to the north by Morocco, is an occupied territory with El Aaiún as its official capital. This region, divided into north and south territories by the Moroccan Wall, is a disputed region. The northern regions of the wall (known as Free Zone) are controlled by Polisario, while the southern regions are considered Moroccan territory. The very thought of the African continent evokes images of sweeping savannas, snarling lions, herds of elephants, rhinoceros, and thousands of other wild beasts. At the same time, African countries have been clogged by political instability, poverty and dismal human rights record in the post-colonisation period. Since the turn of the century, many African nations have taken a positive turn towards democracy, and shown positive economic growth in the information services and telecommunications sector. If the trend continues, Corporate America's prediction of 'Africa is the new Asia' won't be a far-off shot by any means. Maya Pillai


Which England Rugby Union international retired in 2014 after playing five seasons for Toulon?

Jonny Wilkinson announces retirement from all forms of rugby at the end of season - Telegraph England Jonny Wilkinson announces retirement from all forms of rugby at the end of season Fly-half who kicked England to World Cup victory in 2003 to bow out after  Heineken Cup final with Saracens on Saturday or the Top 14 game with Castres  on May 31 Time to move on: Toulon captain Jonny Wilkinson's last game in professional rugby will be the Heineken Cup final Photo: ACTION IMAGES Follow Jonny Wilkinson, England ’s 2003 World Cup-winning fly-half, has confirmed that he intends to retire from rugby at the end of the season. The 34-year-old, who will turn 35 the day after Toulon face Saracens in the Heineken Cup final at the Millennium Stadium on Saturday, made his long-awaited announcement on the Top 14 club’s website on Monday. "I would like to take this opportunity to formally announce my retirement from playing rugby," said Wilkinson, who won 91 caps for England and six caps for the British and Irish Lions. "It goes without saying that I have an enormous number of people to thank for their support from all around the world but especially here in France and in England. "This however is not at all the time to be concentrating on this as I would like to focus all my attention and energy on the team and these final two games of the season. Related Articles Farrell seeks revenge on idol 18 May 2014 "I sincerely thank you all for everything you have given me and for making these last 17 years something I will never forget." He made his debut for Newcastle in 1997 and stayed with them until 2009, winning the Tetleys Bitter Cup twice in that time before joining Toulon, with whom he won the Heineken Cup last season. Wilkinson retires as one of just five men to score 1000 points in international rugby, with his 1246 second only to New Zealand great Dan Carter. His metronomic boot kicked England to the final of the 2003 World Cup and then, against hosts Australia, he landed the most valuable three points of his life with a minute of extra-time left, earning his country a 20-17 victory. He ended the tournament with 113 points. Injuries, often caused by his no-holds-barred approach to tackling, would set in after that and he was never able to be as dominant a force as he once was in the national shirt, but he still played a key role in taking England to the 2007 World Cup final, while he won the Six Nations in 2011. He retired from international rugby with 91 caps in December 2011, by which point he was already making a new career for himself in France. Well-known as a perfectionist, Wilkinson took his distinctive kicking style to Toulon in 2009 and immediately became the fulcrum of their side. He won the Heineken Cup with them last season and this weekend can bow out with back-to-back victories in the competition. WILKINSON INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS British and Irish Lions caps: 6 World Cup finals: 2


For which film did Catherine Zeta-Jones win an Academy Award as Best Supporting Actress?

Supporting Actress Catherine Zeta-Jones - Oscar-Winning Ladies 2000-2009 - Pictures - CBS News Next 2001: Actress Hilary Swank Hilary Swank poses with her Oscar for best actress in a leading role in "Boys Don't Cry" during the 72nd Academy Awards in Los Angeles, Sunday, March 26, 2000. In the film Swank portrayed Brandon Teena, a transgendered teen who preferred life in a male identity. Credit: AP Supporting Actress Angelina Jolie Angelina Jolie took home an Oscar during the 2001 telecast of the Academy Awards for her role in "Girl, Interrupted." In the film Jolie portrayed Lisa Rowe, a sociopathic run away patient who befriends Susanna (Winona Ryder) the newcomer to the mental institution. Credit: AP 2001: Actress Julia Roberts Best actress Julia Roberts and best actor Russell Crowe pose with their awards at the 73rd annual Academy Awards, Sunday, March 25, 2001 in Los Angeles. Roberts took home her Oscar for her role as Erin Brockovich, a single mother turned legal assistant who manages to almost single-handely take down a California power company. Credit: AP Supporting Actress Marica Gay Harden Marcia Gay Harden took home an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress during the 2001 telecast of the Academy Awards. Harden won her Oscar for her role in "Pollock" as Lee Krasner, an artist who puts her career on hold to take care of husband American abstract expressionist Jackson Pollock. Credit: AP 2002: Actress Halle Berry Halle Berry raises up the Oscar she won for Best Actress for her work in "Monster's Ball" at the 74th Annual Academy Awards on Sunday, March 24, 2002, in Los Angeles. In the film Berry portrayed Leticia Musgrove, a young woman struggling to make ends meet. She falls in love with racist death row prison guard Hank (Billy Bob Thorton), who, ironically, excuted Musgrove's husband. Credit: AP Supporting Actress Jennifer Connelly Jennifer Connelly took home an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress during the 2002 Academy Award telecast. She won her award for her role as Alicia Nash in the Ron Howard directed film "A Beautiful Mind." In the film, Alicia is the wife of troubled mathematical genius Forbes Nash, Jr. Credit: AP 2003: Actress Nicole Kidman Nicole Kidman took home the Oscar for Best Actres during the 2003 Academy Awards. Kidman won the award for her role as novelist Virginia Woolf in the film "The Hours." Kidman's part of the film is set in 1923 when the ailing Woolf was writing her novel "Mrs. Dolloway." Credit: AP Supporting Actress Catherine Zeta-Jones Catherine Zeta-Jone took home the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress during the 2003 Academy Awards for her role in the musical "Chicago." In the film, based on the hit Broadway musical, she portrayed Velma Kelly, a chanteuse and tease who killed her husband and sister after discovering them in bed together. Credit: AP 2004: Actress Charlize Theron Oscar winners Charlize Theron, left, Tim Robbins, center, and Sean Penn leave the stage after the end of the show at the 76th annual Academy Awards Sunday, Feb. 29, 2004, in Los Angeles. Theron took home the Oscar for Best Actress for her role as Aileen Wuornos, a prostitute turned serial killer in "Monster." Credit: AP


Which American author wrote The Caine Mutiny?

Herman Wouk - Author - Biography.com Herman Wouk Herman Wouk is an internationally acclaimed Pulitzer Prize-winning Jewish American novelist and author of such works as The Caine Mutiny, The Winds of War, and War and Remembrance. IN THESE GROUPS Famous People Named Herman Synopsis Herman Wouk is an internationally acclaimed Pulitzer Prize-winning Jewish American novelist and author of such works as The Caine Mutiny, The Winds of War, and War and Remembrance. Early life Herman Wouk was born on May 27, 1915 in the Bronx borough of New York City, the son of Abraham Isaac and Esther Levine Wouk, Jewish immigrants from Minsk, Russia (now Belarus). As a child, Wouk was frequently bullied on the rough streets of his neighborhood, but he found two safe refuges: his books and his home. When he was 13, his grandfather, Rabbi Mendel Leib Levin, arrived from Russia and took charge of Wouk's religious education. Herman Wouk once complained to his father about the amount of time he was expected to study the Talmud, a collection of rabbinic discussions, and his father replied, "I understand... but if I were on my deathbed, and I had breath to say one more thing to you, I would say 'Study the Talmud.'" Eventually Wouk took this advice to heart; Judaism would become integral to both his personal life and his career. Herman Wouk went on to attend Columbia University, graduating in 1934 with a B.A. in comparative literature and philosophy. During his time at Columbia, he edited the college's humor magazine, the Jester, and wrote several variety shows. He immensely enjoyed working on comedic material. Upon graduation, he decided, "To hell with that noise [Judaism]. I'm going to be a funnyman." Wouk announced to his family that he wanted to be a comic writer. By 1936, he had been hired by comedian Fred Allen, who paid him $200 a week to write gags and sketches. Although the work was lucrative, Wouk came to find it unfulfilling. He missed the depth of his studies in Judaism. World War II Before long, World War II erupted in Europe and Asia. After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Wouk enlisted in the United States Navy, where he quickly distinguished himself as a superior officer and writer. Wouk later recalled his time in the navy as "the greatest experience of my life... I had known two worlds, the wise guys of Broadway and the wise guys of Columbia — two small worlds that sometimes take themselves for the whole world. In the Navy, I found out more than I ever had about people and about the United States. I had always been a word boy, and suddenly I had to cope with the peculiar, marvelous world of the machine." Although newly fascinated by technology, Wouk did not abandon his love of words; off-duty, he started work on his first novel, Aurora Dawn. During this period, Wouk also met Betty Brown, who later converted to Judaism in order to marry him in 1946, and went by the name of Sarah Wouk. The couple had three sons: Abraham (who died young), Nathaniel and Isaac. The Caine Mutiny Herman Wouk's Aurora Dawn was published in 1947. It became a Book of the Month Club selection, introducing thousands of readers across the country to his writing. Wouk took this success as a sign that he should write full-time. He subsequently composed novels and plays, and even worked on the screenplay for the film Slattery's Hurricane. Wouk's second novel failed to attract much attention, but his third, The Caine Mutiny, which had grown out of Wouk's own experiences in the Navy, won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1952. In 1954, it was adapted into both a major motion picture, starring Humphrey Bogart, and a Broadway play, starring Henry Fonda, renamed The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial. Although his next novel, Marjorie Morningstar, did not enjoy the same success, it was turned into a 1958 movie starring Natalie Wood and Gene Kelly. Wouk's first work of nonfiction, This is My God: The Jewish Way of Life, was published in 1959 and aimed to explain Orthodox Judaism to Jews and non-Jews alike. In the 1960s, Herman Wouk turned to historical topi


In which month is the Lord Mayor’s Show held in London?

Lord Mayor's Show 2014 route: Where to watch the procession in the City of London | City A.M. Friday 7 November 2014 12:43am Lord Mayor's Show 2014 route: Where to watch the procession in the City of London Share Alex Dymoke The Lord Mayor’s Show is one of the oldest civic pageants in the world With gleaming skyscrapers home to the world’s leading corporations, it can be easy to forget that the City of London is rooted in centuries of tradition. That tradition will be on full display again this weekend during the 799th Lord Mayor’s Show. The event, which has endured Black Death, Blitz and Great Fire, is one of the oldest and most popular civic pageants in the world. Read more: Lord Mayor's Show London 2015 route and firework displays for the 800th special procession After leaving Mansion House at 11am on Saturday, the procession snakes through the City toward the Royal Courts of Justice (where the new mayor will get down from his carriage to swear an oath of allegiance) and returns via Victoria Embankment. Read more: How London has been preparing for 2015 Lord Mayor's Show 800th special on 14 November The event marks the hand over of the title of Lord Mayor The spectacle ends at 5.15pm with a fireworks display over the Thames. Over 200 horses will join 7,000 people in the three and a half mile procession that will fill the entirety of the space between Bank and Aldwych from 11am to 2.30pm. Half a million spectators are expected to attend, while millions more will tune in on television. So, what’s it all for? The event marks the hand over of the title of Lord Mayor, a centuries-old position whose incumbent heads the City of London Corporation, the organisation charged with overseeing the running of the Square Mile. The City of London is the only local authority in Britain where the mayor is elected by businesses, rather than constituents, and the current Lord Mayor, Fiona Woolf, is only the second woman to have held the position. Next up it’s Alan Yarrow, who will be officially sworn in at the Guildhall Silent Ceremony today. CITY A.M. GUIDE: HOW TO MAKE THE MOST OF SATURDAY’S FESTIVITIES 8.30am The fun begins at 8.30am when the River Pageant – a splendid flotilla including the Queen’s barge Gloriana – leaves Westminster Bridge. 9.25am Tower Bridge opens in salute at 9.25am and the new Lord Mayor alights at HMS President ten minutes later. 11.00am - 2.00pm The Lord Mayor’s Procession sets off from Mansion House at 11.00am, before returning there just after 2.00pm. 2.00pm - 5.00pm In the lull after the procession, various guided walks of the City of London’s many historical passageways and back alleys will take place. The walks are free but donations are appreciated. 5.15pm Then, at 5.15, a fireworks display lights up the Thames. This will be the 799th Lord Mayor’s Show There will be free guided walks through many historical passageways Share


Which American General later President won the Battle of Horseshoe Bend?

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend--Determining the Facts 3 Reading 3: The       Battle of Horseshoe Bend and Its Consequences The Battle of Horseshoe Bend was fought on March 27, 1814. Red Eagle      was not present that day, but more than 1,000 Creek warriors were assembled      behind a barricade that crossed the neck of the peninsula. In the toe      of the peninsula, in Tohopeka Village, were another 500 women and children.      Led by a chief named Menawa and the prophet Monahee, the Red Sticks      hoped for a decisive victory over Andrew Jackson�s force of 2,600 European      American soldiers, 500 Cherokee, and 100 Lower Creek. Jackson, at this time a Major General in the Tennessee Militia, led      forces who arrived at Horseshoe Bend at 10:30 a.m. The U.S. Army�s 39th      Regiment and the East Tennessee Militia formed a line facing the barricade.      To their rear, the West (Middle Tennessee) Militia formed a second parallel      line. Well forward and to the right of both lines, on a rise about 250      yards from the breastwork, Jackson placed two artillery pieces aimed      at the center of the barricade. Other troops surrounded the toe of the      peninsula on the opposite side of the river to prevent a Creek retreat      and to keep reinforcements from reaching the Red Sticks. The barricade      impressed Jackson, who described it in a letter he wrote the next day: It is impossible to conceive a situation more eligible for defence than the one they had chosen and the skill which they manifested in their breastwork was really astonishing. It extended across the point in such a direction as that a force approaching would be exposed to a double fire, while they lay entirely safe behind it. It would have been impossible to have raked it with cannon to any advantage even if we had had possession of one extremity.¹ For the first two hours of the battle, cannon shot plunged into the barrier, injuring the men behind it. The fortification remained strong enough, however, to prevent the attackers from marching through it. Meanwhile, some of Jackson�s American Indian allies who were guarding      the south side of the Tallapoosa decided to swim 120 yards across the      river. There they stole Red Stick canoes, which they used to transport      a mixed force of Cherokee, Creek, and Tennessee Militia back to the      peninsula. These men attacked the Red Sticks from the rear, burning      the village of Tohopeka and taking the women and children prisoner. The main army, however, was still blocked by the breastwork. Jackson      saw the smoke rising from Tohopeka Village and heard continuing small      arms fire from the peninsula. He decided to assault the barricade directly      while the Creek were diverted to their rear. Though a failed charge      could destroy his army, Jackson concluded that the futility of the artillery      bombardment left him no alternative. At 12:30 p.m. a roll of the drums signaled the beginning of the attack.      The fighting was ferocious, with great bravery displayed by both sides.      Jackson reported that the action was maintained "muzzle to muzzle through      the port holes, in which many of the enemy�s balls were welded to the      bayonets of our musquets...." Once the breastwork was surmounted, hand-to-hand      fighting ensued. Slowly, the superior numbers of Jackson�s infantry      overwhelmed the Red Stick warriors, who also found themselves harassed      from behind by the Indians and other militia units who had crossed the      river. What followed is best described as a slaughter. European American soldiers      and their Creek allies killed as many Red Sticks as possible. For example,      they set fire to a heap of timber the peninsula�s defenders had hidden      behind; when the Red Sticks emerged, they were immediately shot down.      The bloodsh


Who pained the Grand Canal Venice and Moonlight at Millbank?

artnet.com Magazine Features - Turner and Venice Turner and Venice by N. F. Karlins "Turner and Venice," Oct. 9, 2003-Jan. 11, 2004, at Tate Britain, Millbank, London SW1P 4RG England I kept thinking of J. M. W. Turner's luminous watercolors and oils of Venice, like his The Dogana and Madonna della Salute, Venice (1843), as I arrived in that city on an extremely cold and cloudy day last October. I didn't see the sun for two days, but became intimately acquainted with pelting rain. Perhaps I should have been more aware of Turner's "Storm Notebook." The boat I was waiting for to take me up the Po River couldn't make it into Venice because of high seas in the Adriatic. I ended up in a hotel for 48 hours until I was bused to the boat on the Po. Happily, I was ensconced at the Hotel Europa and Regina, which proved to be not only comfortable today but also for Turner, when the inn was simply the Hotel Europa, on two of his three trips to Venice. I found this out and much more about Turner and Venice thanks to Ian Warrell, collections curator at Tate Britain, when I landed in London to review his glorious exhibition "Turner and Venice." Warrell has provided a great deal of new information on Turner's three visits to La Serenissima -- in 1819, 1833, and 1840 -- in the exhibition and even more in the show's excellent catalogue. (If you can't get to London where the show will be on view to Jan. 11, 2004, you might want to plan a visit to the exhibition's only other venue, the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Feb. 15-May 30, 2004.) It's hard to imagine almost any Turner show today not being a success, something not assured in Turner's day as he attracted both ardent supporters and detractors. Yet his Venice paintings were among the most widely embraced in his oeuvre. Many were snapped up shortly after they appeared at the Royal Academy annual exhibitions ,where Venetian scenes made up one third of the works Turner exhibited between 1833 and 1846. Turner's first foray to Venice in 1819 provided him with lots of material -- 160 pages of pencil sketches and a few watercolors -- that he really didn't put to much use until the 1830s when the city was growing popular with the British. Still languishing from war, a rather tatty Venice served to some as a warning of the dangers of loosing political resolve. For others, this formerly great sea power still cast its magic spell. Byron wrote several poetic works, including his Ode to Venice, that referred to the city and helped to focus the British collective imagination on La Serenissima. One startling fact, as Warrell points out, is that Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) was actually in Venice for less than four weeks of his life. He spent a total of six months in Rome, yet it was Venice that Turner seemed to inhale and internalize in a way no other painter ever has. One look at any of his most atmospheric works from the '40s, and your whole being senses some heady essence of Venice, even without knowing the exact locale, as in Turner's Fishermen in the Lagoon, Moonlight (1840). The "Turner and Venice" exhibition is a marvel not only because of the works -- about 50 Turner oil paintings, twice that many watercolors, plus notebooks, sketches, prints, maps, and art by others -- but also because it just so illuminating in regards to Turner. The first half gives an introduction to Canaletto and other sources and influences on Turner while integrating this material with Turner's works. One sees Turner acknowledging Canaletto, for example, in his oil Bridge of Sighs, Ducal Palace and Custom House, Venice: Canaletti Painting (exhibited 1833) with its tiny figure of Canaletto at his easel tucked into the lower left. Turner then paints works from similar vantage points as Canaletto as if challenging him on his own turf, and finally ferrets out lesser-known parts of the city that he makes his and his alone. The second half of the show, which includes many drawings not seen before or only rarely on view, takes the viewer on a tour of Venice, section by section, via Turner's works. How wonderfu


Which actress played a woman whose timeline gets split into parallel paths in the 1998 film Sliding Doors?

Sliding Doors (1998) directed by Peter Howitt • Reviews, film + cast • Letterboxd 4 I couldn't tell you honestly why I chose to watch this. I could pretend it was a senseless decision, or a slip of the mouse on the Netflix home page. But, in truth, my selection of this film was completely conscious. I was neither forced, nor bet on; imprisoned or shackled. I was, simply put, magnetized by the uncontrollable Hannah-forces. John Hannah forces, to be precise. And after experiencing the entire film in a state of glazed confusion (mostly by how I could be so controlled by my pathetic crushes), I have come to the conclusion that, lets be honest, he should have played all the characters in this up-and-down Brit-flick. Sliding Doors is your typical 'romcom with a twist'.… Review by Cogerson ★★★½ Why I watched this one? Movie had English subtitles...which makes it easier for me to watch while I run on my treadmill....reading the subtitles while watching...as the sound of the treadmill makes hearing movies difficult. What is this one about? Gwyneth Paltrow's love life and career both hinge, unknown to her, on whether or not she catches a train. The viewer gets to see her life if she made the train and her life if she missed the train. My thoughts on this one? An interesting idea for a movie. Paltrow is outstanding in the dual role. John Hannah does well in the romantic leading man role. Hannah is pretty much known for his comic supporting parts so seeing him… Review by No-Personality ★★ The first 5 minutes feature a scene in which someone says of Gwyneth Paltrow, "told you she was a lesbian." The last 10 feature two separate Gwyneth Paltrows (as though one wasn't enough) having miscarriages after one is road-pizza'd by a van and the other is simultaneously thrown down a flight of stairs (sounds like a joke- doesn't it?) and a kindly nurse says when she's ready to be discharged from the hospital 5 minutes later: "you're very fortunate, Helen, you had a lucky escape." (Did the two have an informative, psychologically probing conversation the audience weren't privy to? Why were we excluded? Any reason... Yes? No? Or, is that nurse simply the most presumptuous and insensitive scum in that… Sliding Doors (1998) is zo'n film met een interessant concept voor 15 minuten, die dan net te lang nergens over gaat. Of zie het als romcom. Voor mensen die écht niet kunnen kiezen Het gevaar van een late trage film na een drukke dag is het inslaan van vermoeidheid. En dit romantische verhaal met een alternatieve opbouw had niet de power, de diepgang en de originaliteit om mijn ogen open te houden. Gelukkig ben ik niet in slaap gevallen! Gweld Petroiw of hoe je deze blonde vrouw ook spelt speelt de hoofdrol. Zij is net ontslagen en wilt op de metro stappen om naar huis te gaan. Ze haalt hem net niet; of toch weer wel? Het wel of niet…


What is the Capital of Somalia? - Capital-of.com Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com Capital of Somalia The Capital City of Somalia is the city of Mogadishu. The population of Mogadishu in the year 2008 was 9,558,666. Somalia is a Somali and Arabic speaking country on the coasts of the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. Additional Information


Who is the leader of the Liberal Democrats?

Tim Farron MP Tim Farron MP Leader of the Liberal Democrats and MP for Westmorland and Lonsdale Tim was elected as Leader of the Liberal Democrats on 16th July 2015. He is also the Member of Parliament for Westmorland and Lonsdale.   Tim’s win in 2005 ended a 95 year rule by the Tories, winning by 267 votes. In the 2010 general election Tim maintained his seat and achieved an 11.1% swing from the Conservatives. Tim lives in Milnthorpe, south Cumbria, with his wife Rosie, his daughters Isabella and Gracie and his sons Jude and Laurie. Tim was elected as President of the Liberal Democrats in January 2011 by an all members ballot. He was re-elected in autumn 2012 and will continue for the full term, until handing over the role at the beginning of January 2015. Record Of Delivery Tim has headed many local campaigns, fighting to protect and bring more services to Westmorland General Hospital, build more affordable homes for local families and bring more well paid jobs to the South Lakes. Tim is also a strong advocate for Cumbria’s farmers, with the NFU describing him as “a true ally of farmers”. Since becoming an MP in 2005 Tim has held hundreds of advice surgeries all over Westmorland and Lonsdale, helping tens of thousands of constituents along the way. Everyone knows someone who has been helped by Tim! This culminates in his annual summer tours, when he visits rural villages and communities around South Lakeland, where surgeries wouldn’t normally occur. Tim’s proudest local achievement is his successful campaign to bring a chemotherapy centre to Westmorland General, meaning cancer patients in the South Lakes no longer have to make travel long distances to Lancaster or Barrow for treatment. Parliamentary Experience Since 2005, Tim has held several Parliamentary roles for the Liberal Democrats. Following his election in 2005, Tim was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to the then party leader, Ming Campbell. He was promoted to the Lib Dem Shadow Cabinet in 2007, becoming Shadow Minister for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. In his role as Party President Tim has oversaw the move to a new LDHQ on Great George Street, the appointment of a new Chief Executive, and the introduction of paid interns to party HQ. Tim’s proudest achievement is leading the campaign which achieved a rise in party membership, making the Liberal Democrats the first governing party in recent history to have increased its membership while in power. In January 2015 Tim was appointed to the Liberal Democrat General Election Cabinet as the party's Foreign and Commonwealth Affair's spokesperson. Contact


The BBC documentary “Out Of Their League” details 5 former Manchester United players first seasons as owners of which non-league club?

Alan Smith relishing prospect of reunion with his former Manchester United team-mates in FA Cup clash | The Independent FA & League Cups Alan Smith relishing prospect of reunion with his former Manchester United team-mates in FA Cup clash Midfielder meets former Old Trafford team-mates when his Notts County side take on their Salford City in the first round. And, the 35-year-old tells Simon Hart, he knows his old muckers will be desperate to come out on top  Thursday 5 November 2015 23:55 BST Click to follow The Independent Football Alan Smith says getting Notts County promoted would be his biggest achievement Andrew Fox Alan Smith is discussing Class of 92: Out of Their League, the BBC documentary about Salford City, the Northern Premier League club preparing for a historic occasion in the FA Cup this evening. When he watched the first part last week, what registered above all was the undiminished appetite for football of the club’s part-owners – the Nevilles, Paul Scholes, Nicky Butt and Ryan Giggs – though it hardly surprised the one-time Old Trafford forward who finds himself on the opposing side to his old colleagues with Notts County in a televised first-round tie. “The lads who are going to be involved in the club on Friday are a credit to Man Utd,” says Smith. “They won championships year in, year out and sustained their standard for such a long period of time. You still see now the appetite that they’ve got for football.” If Smith’s admiration is obvious, it is likely to be mutual when his former team-mates watch the long-haired 35-year-old holding things together in the Notts midfield. This is the same Smith, after all, whose career nearly ended 10 seasons ago in another FA Cup tie in front of the BBC cameras. It was in February 2006 that Smith, then a Manchester United player, suffered a broken left leg and badly dislocated ankle during a fifth-round defeat at Liverpool. A decade on, he is playing League Two football with the same passion Gary Neville – the first person on the scene to comfort him that day – invests in his Salford role. “You start playing football as a kid because you love playing and I still love it as much now,” he tells The Independent. “I have a few more aches and pains now, as you can imagine.” Read more Phil Neville reacted like 'big kid' at news he would manage Salford Smith is sitting in his training kit in the tiny referee’s changing room at Arnold Town’s Eagle Valley stadium, where County train. Outside, the car park is pitted with potholes. It is a world away from the comforts he knew as a Premier League player with the Uniteds of Leeds, Manchester and Newcastle, but, as Smith notes in pure Yorkshire, football at every level “is still the same game”.  He continues: “Us going to Accrington Stanley and winning means as much to our supporters and our players as Man United going to the Emirates and winning. I don’t ever look back and think, ‘Remember when I was there’. You have to live for now. “Football changes so quickly. That day at Anfield I could have been done, I could have been finished. It was where I started [with a goal on his Leeds debut in 1998] and where I could have finished. People can say, ‘You did this, you did that’, but what about what I can do and what I can achieve? Our goal now for our club is to try to get out of this league and that will be as rewarding as anything that I have ever done.” The immediate goal for Ricardo Moniz’s League Two team is to avoid an upset at a Salford side who have never before reached this stage of the Cup. “If we are not right, then we will be in for a shock,” Smith warns. “People say they’re minnows but I watched that programme and there are players probably earning as much money at Salford as they are here. There were financial figures that came out on that programme that I was shocked by, but that is where a lot of non-league clubs are at. Fleetwood have done it, Crawley did it and Salford, with the backing of the lads and Peter Lim [the Singapore businessman who has a 50 per cent stake], will have that opportunity.” Smith, who won t


Which was the first year the World Cup was televised in colour?

Official TV Licensing website - 40 years since first World Cup in colour / 40 years since first World Cup in colour 40 years since first World Cup in colour Monday (31 May) marks forty years since TV sports coverage changed forever, as Mexico 1970 became the first World Cup broadcast in colour. Now, as millions across the UK gear up to watch this year’s tournament on some of the latest technology, TV Licensing can reveal more than 25,000 homes are still watching in black and white. South Africa 2010 will mark another breakthrough for TV sport, becoming the first World Cup to be shown in Freeview HD and on mobile phones. All matches will be streamed live online and numbers watching key games are likely to far exceed the average 75,000 UK viewers each match of Germany 2006 attractedi, when watching football online was in its infancy. Industry figures also suggest record numbers will watch on the latest plasma and LCD TVs, with over 30 million sets sold since Germany 2006ii. Sales more than doubled in the months leading up to the last World Cupiii, and a similar spike is anticipated this year. In contrast, 4,900 homes in London, 1,200 in Birmingham and 700 in Manchester still own black and white TV Licences, and seem content to enjoy this year’s World Cup in good old-fashioned monochrome – just as in 1966, when England last won it. TV Licensing is reminding people that whatever equipment you use to watch this summer’s tournament – whether a black and white or colour TV, computer, mobile phone or games console - you need a TV Licence if you want to watch or record the coverage as it is being shown on TV. Ian Fannon, spokesperson for TV Licensing, said: “Technology has come a long way since Geoff Hurst scored the winning goal in the 1966 World Cup, and people look set to view this year’s World Cup in more ways than ever before. However, the law remains the same – you need a TV Licence to watch or record programmes as they are being shown on TV. Whether you plan to catch the games on an old black and white set, on the latest plasma, or any other device, including a laptop, mobile phone, or games console, you need to be covered by a licence. Information on how and where to pay for your TV Licence can be found at  www.tvlicensing.co.uk/info .” To mark the anniversary of this significant TV milestone, sporting celebrities and production staff who witnessed Mexico 1970 have shared their memories of World Cups gone by: John Motson, football commentator since the 1970s, said: “Colour television had only been introduced two or three years before I joined, and many of the techniques that now entail merely the push of a button had not yet been developed. I still have memories of trying to pacify angry viewers in the 1970s who still watched black and white, and saying ‘for the benefit of those watching in black and white, Spurs is in the yellow shirts.’” Alan Hansen, television football pundit, and a member of Scotland’s 1982 World Cup squad, said: “I remember watching Italy versus Brazil in the World Cup Final in 1970. It was at that moment I knew I wanted to be there myself, playing in games like that. I will never forget watching that game”. Jonathan Martin, former head of BBC Sport, and producer at Mexico 1970, said: “The move from black and white to colour transformed people’s enjoyment of watching sport on TV. The 1970 Mexico World Cup was the first time the viewing public could see the wide variety of the national teams’ coloured strips. The most memorable moment was witnessing Gordon Banks’ save against the yellow-shirted Pele when England played Brazil, which has gone down as one of the greatest saves in football history.”     Alan Hart, former head of BBC Sport and Controller of BBC One, said: “In 1970 new technologies helped us show the games as they had never been seen before. It was also the first time we had used slow motion replays. The machines could overheat and there were stories of BBC engineers throwing foam over them to cool them down. There are so many new devices on which people can watch the World Cup today, but