Taking its name from the Latin for anvil, which is the smallest bone in the human body?

Bones of the Ear - Anatomy Pictures and Information Home > Skeletal System > Bones of the Head and Neck > Bones of the Ear Bones of the Ear The bones of the ear, also known as the auditory ossicles, are the three smallest bones in the human body. These bones play an important role in the sense of hearing by transmitting sounds to the inner ear. Anatomy The three auditory ossicles – the malleus, incus, and stapes – are tiny bones found in the middle ear. Each bone is named in Latin for its shape: Malleus means hammer or mallet Incus means anvil Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame Identify objects: Click on them in the image 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom Change Anatomical System Full Bones of the Ear Description [Continued from above] . . . The hammer-like malleus is the most lateral of the ossicles and has a large, rounded head on its superior end, which tapers to a narrow neck and handle on its inferior end. It is connected to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, at the handle and forms a synovial joint with the incus at the head. The anvil-like incus is the middle ossicle that forms synovial joints with the malleus on its lateral side and the stapes on its medial side. The incus is widest where it meets the malleus and tapers to a thinner projection known as the lenticular process where it meets the stapes. The stirrup-shaped stapes is the smallest ossicle with a hollow space in the middle. The stapes begins with a tiny cylindrical head where it meets the incus before splitting into two parallel columns of bone known as the anterior and posterior crus. These columns end suddenly at the flat, oblong base that rests within the oval window and conducts sounds into the inner ear. Physiology The main function of the auditory ossicles is the conduction of sounds to the inner ear where they transduced into nerve signals and sent onward to the brain. Sound waves entering the ear pass through the auditory canal of the outer ear and trigger vibrations in the tympanic membrane. These vibrations are conducted into the malleus, which is connected to the tympanic membrane through its handle region. The malleus conducts its vibrations into the incus through its synovial joint and the incus likewise conducts vibrations into the stapes. Finally, the vibrations of the stapes push its base back and forth through the oval window to form new waves in the endolymph of the inner ear. The secondary function of the auditory ossicles is the attenuation of sound waves to control the volume of sounds reaching the inner ear. A pair of skeletal muscles, the tensor tympani and stapedius, contract to reduce the vibration of the malleus and stapes in response to loud sounds. Sound attenuation is very important in daily life by limiting the sounds produced during chewing and the sound of one’s own voice while talking. Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor


The California Institute of Technology (Cal-tech) features in which TV comedy series?

Mediacom TV & Movies | Shows | The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory SN 10 | EP 13 | The Romance Recalibration Penny thinks Leonard is taking her for granted and decides to go on a spa weekend with Amy; Wolowitz and Koothrappali try to fix a squeaky floorboard in the baby's room. Available: CBS, Amazon.com, iTunes Store   Share this TV Show Show Details Mensa-fied best friends and roommates Leonard and Sheldon, physicists who work at the California Institute of Technology, may be able to tell everybody more than they want to know about quantum physics, but getting through most basic social situations, especially ones involving women, totally baffles them. How lucky, then, that babe-alicious waitress/aspiring actress Penny moves in next door. Frequently seen hanging out with Leonard and Sheldon are friends and fellow Caltech scientists Wolowitz and Koothrappali. Will worlds collide? Does Einstein theorize in the woods? Release:


What is the lowest possible bid in bridge?

The Bridge World SUBSCRIBE LESSON 1: The Mechanics Of Bridge We are often asked, "Why is contract bridge so avidly enjoyed by so many people?" This question is usually raised by someone who has never learned the game, but whose interest has been piqued by friends who have been bitten by the "bridge bug." It is not surprising that the game is highly appealing, because it combines so many fascinating features. Some of these are: SKILL A player who has learned well will win more often than one whose technique is inadequate, for bridge is first and foremost a game of skill. It is sufficiently demanding to provide a challenge to all; it requires such abilities as reasoning, memory, and planning. Yet anyone who is willing to invest some time and effort can learn to play, and you need not be an expert to find enjoyment. CHANCE The idea of "hitting the jackpot"--taking a chance and having it pay off, or receiving a lucky windfall--is present in bridge, for an element of luck is provided by the random distribution of cards to each player. On some occasions, you will be dealt powerful cards and will reap the benefits--if you can apply the necessary skill. On less fortunate occasions your opponents will be blessed by the goddess of chance and will hold considerable strength, and you will have to combine your skill with whatever good cards you do possess to try to turn defeat into victory. The interplay of skill and chance is one of the most appealing features of bridge. THE PERSONAL ELEMENT It is possible to program an electronic computer to play a pretty fair game of chess, but the computer would probably have a nervous breakdown if it tried to learn bridge because it could never master the "personal element." Taking into consideration the behavior patterns of your opponents is yet another intriguing aspect of bridge. For example, some opponents consistently overvalue their cards, and you can let them climb out on a limb and cut it off behind them; others tend to undervalue their cards and should be left strictly alone. Also, the care and feeding of partners is particularly important. In bridge, you have a partner to assist you in the battle against your two opponents, and partner's habits must also be kept in mind. Thus, a close decision would be resolved differently opposite an aggressive partner (who often announces unpossessed strength) than with a conservative partner (who always turned up with something in reserve). A highly unusual action that might be justified with a clever partner could be extremely foolhardy with one less imaginative. Bridge involves "playing the people" as well as playing the cards. COMMUNICATIONS Bridge presents a fascinating challenge in the area of communications. Each player holds thirteen cards, and there are clearly defined rules concerning the information you are permitted to give to your partner. Within these severe limitations, players must choose ways to exchange information in order to get the most out of the combined partnership assets. UNIQUENESS In bridge, exact situations are virtually never duplicated. The reason for this is that there are no fewer than 53,644,737,765,488,792,839,237,440,000 possible situations (deals), so you are most unlikely ever to see the same one recur twice in your lifetime, even if you play every day. Thus, every situation will offer something unique. (Certain general principles, however, are useful in many different situations, and their mastery is rewarding to serious students of the game.) For reasons such as these, bridge is enjoyed by millions of participants and is commonly regarded as one of the two best card games in existence. Unlike its competitor for the popularity title, poker, bridge need not be played for stakes to be interesting, an advantage that is particularly appealing in an era of rising prices and taxes. As the first step in learning about the world of bridge, let's turn to the rules and procedures that define how the game is played. Equipment THE DECK Bridge is played with a standard 52-card deck, or pack. Two decks are customarily used for


The name of which Italian region means Foot of the Mountain?

Piedmont | Define Piedmont at Dictionary.com Piedmont noun 1. a plateau between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains, including parts of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. 2. Italian Piemonte . a region in NW Italy. 4,540,822; 11,335 sq. mi. (29,360 sq. km). 3. a city in W California, near Oakland. 4. (lowercase) a district lying along or near the foot of a mountain range. adjective (lowercase) lying along or near the foot of a mountain range. Origin of Piedmont Examples from the Web for Piedmont Expand Contemporary Examples Born in Laurens, S.C., in 1896, Davis grew up playing on the streets of towns and cities across the Piedmont South. British Dictionary definitions for Piedmont Expand adjective 1. (prenominal) (of glaciers, plains, etc) formed or situated at the foot of a mountain or mountain range Word Origin from Italian piémonte mountain foot Piedmont noun 1. a region of NW Italy: consists of the upper Po Valley; mainly agricultural. Chief town: Turin. Pop: 4 231 334 (2003 est). Area: 25 399 sq km (9807 sq miles) Italian name Piemonte 2. a low plateau of the eastern US, between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for Piedmont Expand piedmont n. name given to the fertile upland region along the eastern slope of the Appalachians, 1755, originally piemont, from Italian Piemonte, literally "mountain foot," name of the region at the foot of the Alps in northern Italy (see Piedmont ). With -d- added by 1855. Applied to similar features of other mountain ranges by 1860. region in northern Italy, from Old Italian pie di monte "foot of the mountains," from pie "foot" (see foot (n.)) + monte "mountain" (see mount (n.)). Related: Piedmontese. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Which type of four-wheeled open carriage shares its name with an English county?

Horse Drawn Carriages for Sale    We sell and repair new, used and antique horse drawn vehicles. Carriages are located in Vermont. Please call us for details. Prices may vary based on extras, taxes and shipping charges.   Click on any image to make it larger.    Call us at 804-832-0454 to talk about our inventory. We may have commercial and pleasure vehicles for sale that aren't listed below.    Charming Early American Sleigh.  Original condition with dashboard painted on both sides.  For inside display only please. $750.    Early American sleigh.  See above listing.    Spring Sleigh. The springs make this sleigh ride very comfortably, and the details are beautiful. $3,500.    Unrestored C-Spring Sleigh. Bobs and springs make all the difference when it comes to a smooth ride over the snow. Beautiful  lines and simple but elegant details. The wood is in good condition for restoration or to keep as original. $2,500.SOLD    Albany Cutter.  Ready to go dashing through the snow. Cherry red exterior with green velveteen interior.  Pretty, hand-painted detailing. $3,500. SOLD    Kombi Buggy by Lessing. Burgundy cut-under with disc brakes. Vulcanized rubber on steel wheels. Wagonette converts to groom seat for presentation. Rubber mats. Comes with pole and shafts. $4,700.SOLD    A charming, restored, Antique Bob Sleigh that's just right for dashing through the snow. It has a dark green exterior, red accents and gold and red pinstriping. The interior is red crushed velvet. It's a great vehicle to cozy up with someone special for a romantic ride. $3,500. SOLD    Stanhope Gig by Brewster & Co., B'Way, 47th St, Broome St., N.Y.  on hubs. Built approximately in 1890. Dark blue with dark blue wool uhpolstery. Handsome spindle seat with wheels on steel. SOLD and shipped to Ireland.    Stanhope Gig by Brewster & Co.SOLD and shipped to Ireland.    Justin Victoria. Previously owned by one-time producer for Brian Wilson of theBeach Boys. The carriage is an exact copy of one used in the movie "Interview with the Vampire". Excellent condition. Black exterior, brass details, burgundy velvet interior. Full fifth wheel, brakes, pole and shafts. $6,000.SOLD and shipped to Nigeria.    Restored Studebaker Victoria.  What a beautiful carriage! Black body, blue undercarriage with gold pinstriping and dark blue upholstery. Fine leather folding top and patent leather dash and fenders. Quietly elegant details. $8,000.SOLD and shipped to Ireland.    Unrestored Albany Cutter. Display it in its current condition or make it a restoration project. It has "good bones", and most of its paint is intact. $2,500.SOLD    Unrestored Albany Cutter painting on back.    New Hansmeier Phaeton. Black and dark blue body with pinstriping. Blue velvet interior. It has disc brakes, wedge seat, dickey seat and a full fifth wheel. It also comes with a pole and shafts for 15 to 16 H horse(s). Beautiful craftsmanship and attention to details went into the making of this fine vehicle. $13,000.SOLD Lightly used Warco Wagonette. With pole and shafts. Wedge seat, right and left brakes. A great vehicle for all around use. $5,500.SOLD and shipped to Colombia. Pleasure Pheaton. Two seats. Comes with a pole, has brakes.  Another great vehicle for all around use. SOLD and shipped to Colombia. Restored Bronson Wagon in excellent working condition made by Watertown Spring Wagon Company of Watertown, N.Y. Simple but beautiful. It is a finely crafted vehicle. Brake shoes are solid brass. $8,000.SOLD The black and maroon bow front Brougham Coupe was constructed by D.E. Nutshell Pere & Files, Brussels, Belgium. It's exterior has been retored. The interior is unrestored wool fabric. Interior whistle alerts driver. It has a full fifth wheel, brakes, pole and wheels on good rubber. $6,000. SOLD and shipped to Ireland. Restored maroon and black Rockaway constructed by Reed & Forman of Poughkeepsie, NY. All beveled glass windows are adjustable. Maroon and black velvet interior, driver side curtains, lamps and brakes. $7


Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique     See also Texts and Documents ; Berlioz and his music: self-borrowings     The Symphonie Fantastique was initially composed in 1830 and first performed in December of the same year under the direction of Habeneck. Berlioz however revised the work extensively during his trip to Italy in 1831-2 and in subsequent years and did not publish it until 1845. The work as we now know it is thus substantially different from the original of 1830, which can no longer be reconstructed in full detail.     The Symphonie Fantastique has always been the work with which Berlioz’s name is most closely associated. The composition of this revolutionary masterpiece marked a breakthrough in the composer’s career, at once the culmination of his years of apprenticeship, and the starting point of his mature work as a symphonic composer. The impact that Beethoven had on Berlioz is evident in the work, but no less evident is Berlioz’s originality in opening up new paths that Beethoven had not explored, and the sound world of Berlioz is entirely his own.     The programme on which the symphony was initially based went through a number of changes between 1830 and 1855. It does not need to be repeated at length here (the full text of the two principal versions, those of 1845 and 1855, is given in Texts and Documents ). Under the influence of opium (in the 1855 version), a young and sensitive artist (Berlioz himself), experiences a series of visions – the different movements of the symphony – in which his beloved figures as a theme, the idée fixe, which recurs in every movement, though each time in a different form (cf. the Memoirs chapter 45 in relation to Harold in Italy ). The theme had already been used by Berlioz in his cantata Herminie written for the Prix de Rome of 1828 (H 29), though it is much more fully developed in the symphony than in the cantata.     The idée fixe pervades the volatile and tempestuous first movement. The opening melody of the slow introduction (itself taken from an early song composed by Berlioz, cf. his Memoirs chapter 4 ) alludes to it, and prepares the listener for the first full statement of the theme at the start of the allegro (bar 71 and following). The allegro is in sonata form, but hardly has a second subject. After a series of long and stormy developments the end of the movement alludes retrospectively to the introduction.     The second movement, an elegant waltz rather like a rondo in form, makes a complete contrast with the first. The movement is notable for its scoring, at once delicate and brilliant, and the use of two harps gives the music a festive glitter that is characteristic of Berlioz – compare the harps in Part II of Romeo and Juliet , the last movement of the Te Deum , the Trojan March , and Berlioz’s orchestration of Weber ’s Invitation to the Dance . The idée fixe is heard twice, in bars 120-162 in its complete form, then more briefly in bars 302-319 before being swept away by the whirlwind which brings the waltz to a brilliant close.     The autograph score of the symphony contains a part for solo cornet added by Berlioz at a later date, but not reproduced by him in the full score of the work published in his lifetime. Performances and recordings of the symphony sometimes include this part for cornet. The movement is presented here in two versions, the first without and the second with the cornet part.     The long third movement is the musical heart of the symphony, as well as the pivotal point in the drama: from the world of imagined reality in the first three movements the music moves to the world of imagined nightmare in the last two. The origins of the movement are complex, though Berlioz fuses the different elements together to form a seamless whole. The main subject (bar 20 and following), briefly hinted at in the first movement (bars 4-5), is now known to have been used previously in the Gratias of his early Messe Solennelle of 1824-5 (rediscovered in 1991), though as well as a change of key from E major to F major, the treatment of the theme in the sympho


Which island country's flag depicts the head of Neptune's trident on its national flag?

Flags of Every Country Follow us... Flags of Every Country Tweet This map shows Flags of every country in the world. Flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags. Note: Flag description from CIA Factbook and Flag image from Wikipedia. Last updated: Abkhazia Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Castriota SKANDERBERG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-1478); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as "Shkypetars," which translates as "sons of the eagle" Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa Andorra three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the


Which city was the first to supply both finalists in a European Cup or Champions League Final?

UEFA Champions League 2015/16 - History - Man. City-Real Madrid – UEFA.com Ronaldo wins vote again • While this is a first semi-final in the competition for City, Madrid are in the last four for a record 27th time – they have won 13 and lost 13 of their previous semi-finals. • Indeed, this is only City's third European semi-final across UEFA's club competitions, and their first since 1971. They beat FC Schalke 04 5-2 on aggregate in the 1969/70 European Cup Winners' Cup semi-finals and lost 2-0 to Chelsea FC over two legs at the same stage of the same competition the following season. • Madrid, meanwhile, are in their 32nd European semi-final; their record is W17 L14. Although they are in a sixth successive UEFA Champions League semi-final, they have won only once in that sequence – against FC Bayern München in 2013/14, when they went on to win a tenth title. Previous meetings • The clubs' only competitive fixtures came in the 2012/13 group stage, when Madrid twice came from behind to win 3-2 in Spain on matchday one . City led twice courtesy of Edin Džeko (68) and Aleksandar Kolarov (85) but Madrid responded through Marcelo (76) and Karim Benzema (87) before Cristiano Ronaldo snatched a 90th-minute victory. • The teams at the Santiago Bernabéu on 18 September 2012 were: Real Madrid: Casillas; Arbeloa, Pepe, Varane, Marcelo; Khedira (Modrić 73), Xabi Alonso; Di María, Essien (Özil 65), Ronaldo; Higuaín (Benzema 73). Manchester City: Hart; Maicon (Zabaleta 74), Kompany, Nastasić, Clichy; Javi García; Silva (Džeko 63), Y Touré, Barry, Nasri (Kolarov 37); Tévez. Manchester City v Real Madrid: 2012/13 group stage • It was 1-1 in Manchester , Sergio Agüero's penalty cancelling out Benzema's tenth-minute strike. Madrid ended with ten men as Álvaro Arbeloa collected a second yellow card in fouling Agüero to concede that spot kick. • The sides at the City of Manchester Stadium on 21 November 2012 were: Manchester City: Hart; Zabaleta, Kompany, Nastasić; Maicon, Y Touré, Silva, Nasri (Tévez 60), Kolarov (Javi García 46); Agüero (Milner 88), Džeko. Real Madrid: Casillas; Arbeloa, Ramos, Pepe, Coentrão; Khedira, Xabi Alonso; Di María (Albiol 87), Modrić (Callejón 68), Ronaldo; Benzema (Varane 75). • Those four points helped José Mourinho's Madrid finish second in Group D, behind Borussia Dortmund; City, then managed by Roberto Mancini, ended bottom with three points having not won a game. Match background Manchester City • City's last two UEFA Champions League campaigns ended in round of 16 defeat by Barcelona, in 2013/14 and 2014/15 . • The 3-1 aggregate win against Dynamo Kyiv in this season's round of 16 – 3-1 away , 0-0 home – was City's first European Cup knockout victory. Aside from those Barcelona defeats, their only previous tie was a 2-1 aggregate loss to Fenerbahçe SK in the 1968/69 first round. • City claimed their second knockout win with a 1-0 home defeat of Paris Saint-Germain in the quarter-final second leg, completing a 3-2 aggregate success. Watch six great Manchester City goals • Manuel Pellegrini's side have won three and drawn one of their five home UEFA Champions League games this season, although they did suffer a 2-1 loss to Juventus on matchday one. • The Manchester club have already met Spanish opposition in this season's competition, beating Sevilla FC 2-1 at home and 3-1 away in the group stage. • City's home record against Spanish sides is W3 D2 L2, both defeats coming against Barcelona. Overall it is W5 D3 L7. • Their record in two-legged ties with Spanish sides is W1 L3. • City may have never been in the semi-finals before, but Pellegrini's Villarreal CF team got this far in 2005/06, losing 1-0 to Arsenal FC over two legs. Real Madrid • While Madrid are in the last four for the sixth season running, they have lost five of their last six UEFA Champions League semi-finals. Of those ties, they suffered four defeats and picked up one draw away from home, the sole exception the 4-0 victory at FC Bayern München in the 2013/14 second leg. • Madrid lost their last away game in the UEFA Champions League, going


Which country's national flag features the Sun of May in a white canton (not in the centre of the flag)?


Garden, Display, Professional and Indoor are the four categories given to what?

Firework Classifications Buying Advice & Help Firework Classifications When shopping for fireworks or displays you’ll come across a number of terms used to describe their classification. This article explains all! Category 2, 3 and 4 Firework Classifications Category 2 and Category 3 fireworks are those available from your fireworks retailer and which are on sale to the general public. A consumer firework will fall into one of those two categories depending on how much of a safety distance it requires. Typical consumer fireworks warning labels from a Category 3 display firework (left) and a Category 2 garden firework (right) Category 2 items which are also known as garden fireworks require the smallest distance which is 5 metres if the firework is classified to British Standards. However you may see an increasing number of fireworks in the coming years which are classified to new EU/EN standards and the safety distance in that case is 8 metres. One of the newer EN labels. Photo courtesy Fireworks Crazy. Category 3 items which are also known as display fireworks require the greatest distance which is 25 metres for fireworks classified to British Standards. Again, it is likely in coming years you will see a number of fireworks classified to the new EU/EN standards and although the firework will still be Category 3 it may have a different safety distance on the label, for example 15 metres. A firework usually gets its category as a result of its gunpowder content, weight, size and how far it ejects debris. All fireworks on sale to the public have to be extensively tested and classified as either Category 2 or 3. These classifications also impose a noise limit and ensure the firework has a safety fuse and clear instructions on the label. In coming years you will start to see fireworks which carry the CE marking. This is because new legislation came into force in 2010 for all new fireworks imported after that date. However, fireworks imported already are exempt from the new laws and can be sold until 2017. So, don’t be surprised if your fireworks have a mix of old and new labels. Category 4 fireworks are for professional use only. These can include aerial shells and other items banned for sale to the public. Many category 4 fireworks are supplied without a fuse and are extremely dangerous to the untrained. In case you are wondering, Category 1 refers to fireworks which pose a minimal hazard and this classification is usually given to indoor fireworks.   1.3G, 1.4G, HT3 and HT 4 Firework Classifications Now this is where it starts to get more complex! For the purposes of transport and packaging, all fireworks are given a UN classification number, depending on their potential hazard. For consumer fireworks this will be 1.3G or 1.4G and that will be shown on the side of the firework’s original box as an orange diamond with the UN number inside Example of fireworks boxes with 1.4G hazard labels For the purposes of storage, legislation called MSER determines the amount of fireworks which can be stored together and under what conditions. MSER defines fireworks as a Hazard Type depending on the hazard they pose. Consumer fireworks typically fall under Hazard Type 4 (HT4) or Hazard Type 3 (HT3). Now if you are asking yourself “Do I need to worry about this?” the answer is usually no. If you are buying fireworks from a non-specialist (such a supermarket) on or immediately before Guy Fawkes then hazard type and UN classification would not have any relevance. This is the case for example if you are buying selection boxes, sparklers and so on. Or, if you are buying fireworks and letting them off within a couple of days. However if you are buying a lot of fireworks and intend keeping them at home, or if you are keeping fireworks at home for a long time, these classifications do have some importance. You may also have noticed some retailers making a fuss of the fact their fireworks are “old spec” 1.3G fireworks as a selling point. So let’s look into this in more detail. 1.3G and 1.4G is a hazard classification that relates only to transpor


In which Midlands town will the National Civil War Centre open in Spring 2015?

Inside Newark's new National Civil War Centre - Telegraph Telegraph Articles Inside Newark's new National Civil War Centre Plucky little Newark has stolen a march on the other towns and cities involved in the vicious wars of the seventeenth century and opened the first centre dedicated to the subject Sophie Campbell , Travel writer 3 May 2015 • 12:00am There’s a hole in the spire of St Mary Magdalene in Newark-on-Trent, so round and neat and black that it could have been made by a hole-punch. In fact it was made by a 6lb cannon ball, whizzing in from Parliamentarian artillery encircling the town during the last of three sieges in the Civil War. You can see it in the new National Civil War Centre, which opens in the Nottinghamshire town on May 3. Note that word "national," for plucky little Newark (population 37,000) has stolen a march on the many other towns and cities involved in the vicious wars of the seventeenth century and opened the first centre dedicated to the subject. "The thing to remember is that this is not the English Civil War Centre, it’s the National Civil War Centre." said Michael Constantine, the director. "These were the wars of the Three Kingdoms, with the Scots rising against Archbishop Laud’s reforms, King Charles I funding an army against them by taxing the English until they rebelled, and, after the King’s death, Cromwell’s infamous Irish campaigns." • The best battlefield tours in 2015: Agincourt, Waterloo and Ypres If that has you scratching your head, make for Newark. The Centre occupies a converted Regency schoolroom and restored Tudor Hall behind the museum, as well as temporary exhibition spaces in the Georgian schoolmaster’s house. A new glass and steel entrance unites the buildings. There’s also an augmented reality National Civil War Trail, done with Cavalier swagger on a fairly modest budget, to download onto your smartphone or tablet as you sally forth into the town. Charles I (Image: Getty) Newark was staunchly Royalist from the beginning, repeatedly besieged until it surrendered, reluctantly, on the instructions of King Charles 1 in May 1646. By then it was nearing starvation and suffering from plague. War debts and damage to the surrounding grazing and farmland would impoverish it for generations. • Hart's hotel, Nottingham: review From a museum point of view, however, plague meant the victors stayed only long enough to make an inventory, trash the church and leave instructions that the castle and defensive earthworks be destroyed, which of course they weren’t. As a result, Newark has more than 5,000 Civil War objects, around 500 of which will be on show at any one time, and 10 scheduled monuments in the wider landscape, including a rare survivor in the form of an earthwork called the Queen’s Sconce. Newark has more than 5,000 Civil War objects Hanging from the Centre’s ceiling are the recreated banners of the warring factions, the King’s Standard and the regimental colours of the Parliamentarians. From the far wall a smouldering Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Charles’s nephew and general Royalist pin-up, judging by this portrait, surveys the detritus of war. • Quiz: how well do you know Great Britain? Around the walls runs a display outlining, as simply as possible, this hideously complex conflict, starting with its causes, ending with its effects. In the middle it focuses on Newark’s experience, no doubt shared by Scarborough, or Colchester, or any other siege town. "We can’t imagine what it was like to fight in a Civil War battle," said Michael, "but we can imagine what it’s like to have three soldiers billeted on you, and having to stump up for the funeral when one of them dies." Cromwell in battle (Image: Getty) There are two tall cases of arms and armour, one for cavalry, one for infantry. The two sides, oddly enough, wouldn’t have looked very different, wearing sashes of different colours to denote their loyalties. The protective clothing of the time was a steel breastplate, or cuirass, with a peplum and a simple seam down the front, like an upturned turtle shell, worn with a buf


Who was the commander of the besieged British troops at the Siege of Mafeking in May 1900?

The Siege of Mafeking - The Boer War The Boer War War: The Boer War Date: 14th October 1899 to 16th May 1900. Place: Mafeking lies on the railway north to Rhodesia in   the Northern tip of Cape Colony in South Africa near to the   Bechuanaland border. Combatants: British against the Boers. Generals: Colonel Robert Baden-Powell against General   Cronje and from November 1899 General Snyman. Size of the armies: 1,500 British colonial troops against   initially7,500 Boers reduced in November 1899 to 1,500. Uniforms, arms and equipment: The Boer War was a serious   jolt for the British Army. At the outbreak of the war British   tactics were appropriate for the use of single shot firearms, fired   in volleys controlled by company and battalion officers; the troops   fighting in close order. The need for tight formations had been   emphasised time and again in colonial fighting. In the Zulu and   Sudan Wars overwhelming enemy numbers armed principally with   stabbing weapons were easily kept at a distance by such tactics;   but, as at Isandlwana, would overrun a loosely formed force. These   tactics had to be entirely rethought in battle against the Boers   armed with modern weapons. In the months before hostilities the Boer commandant general,   General Joubert, bought 30,000 Mauser magazine rifles and a number   of modern field guns and automatic weapons from the German armaments   manufacturer Krupp and the French firm Creusot. The commandoes,   without formal discipline, welded into a fighting force through a   strong sense of community and dislike for the British. Field Cornets   led burghers by personal influence not through any military code.   The Boers did not adopt military formation in battle, instinctively   fighting from whatever cover there might be. The preponderance were   countrymen, running their farms from the back of a pony with a rifle   in one hand. These rural Boers brought a life time of marksmanship   to the war, an important edge, further exploited by Joubert’s   consignment of magazine rifles. Viljoen is said to have coined the   aphorism “Through God and the Mauser”. With strong fieldcraft skills   and high mobility the Boers were natural mounted infantry. The urban   burghers and foreign volunteers readily adopted the fighting methods   of the rest of the army. Other than in the regular uniformed Staats Artillery and police   units, the Boers wore their every day civilian clothes on campaign. After the first month the Boers lost their numerical superiority,   spending the rest of the formal war on the defensive against British   forces that regularly outnumbered them. British tactics, little changed from the Crimea, used at Modder   River, Magersfontein, Colenso and Spion Kop were incapable of   winning battles against entrenched troops armed with modern magazine   rifles. Every British commander made the same mistake; Buller;   Methuen, Roberts and Kitchener. When General Kelly-Kenny attempted   to winkle Cronje’s commandoes out of their riverside entrenchments   at Paardeburg using his artillery, Kitchener intervened and insisted   on a battle of infantry assaults; with the same disastrous   consequences as Colenso, Modder River, Magersfontein and Spion Kop. Some of the most successful British troops were the non-regular   regiments; the City Imperial Volunteers, the South Africans,   Canadians, Australians and New Zealanders, who more easily broke   from the habit of traditional European warfare, using their horses   for transport rather than the charge, advancing by fire and   manouevre in loose formations and making use of cover, rather than   the formal advance into a storm of Mauser bullets. Uniform: The British regiments made an uncertain change into   khaki uniforms in the years preceding the Boer War, with the topee   helmet as tropical headgear. Highland regiments in Natal devised   aprons to conceal coloured kilts and sporrans. By the end of the war   the uniform of choice was a slouch


Name the last battleship commissioned by the USA, it is now a museum ship in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii?

The US Navy Battleship List 17 Sep 1895 / 15 Feb 1898 (second class battleship) Sunk by explosion 15 Feb 1898; Floated and scuttled at sea 16 Mar 1912. 15 Aug 1895 / 1 Feb 1911 (Considered the first U.S. Navy battleship) Sunk as target 22 Mar 1911; struck 11 Oct 1911. USS Indiana  (BB 1) 20 Nov 1895 / 29 Dec 1903 Recommissioned at New York Navy Yard 9 Jan 1906, decommissioned at Philadelphia 23 May 1914. Recommissioned a second time 24 May 1917, at Philadelphia 31 January 1919. Used as aerial bomb target; hulk sold as scrap 19 Mar 1924. USS Massachusetts  (BB 2) 10 Jun 1896 / 23 May 1914 Recommissioned 9 Jun 1917 at Philadelphia, decommissioned again 31 Mar 1919. Used as gunnery target; hulk given to Florida 15 Nov 1956. USS Oregon  (BB 3) 15 Jul 1896 / 27 Apr 1906 Recommissioned 29 Aug 1911, decommissioned 12 Jun 1919. Commissioned again 24 Aug 1919 and finally decommissioned 4 Oct 1919. Loaned to Oregon as museum 25 Jun 1925; Returned to Navy for WW II; sold for scrap 15 Nov 1956. USS Iowa  (BB 4) 16 Jun 1897 / 30 Jun 1903 Recommissioned 23 Dec 1903, decommissioned at Philadelphia 23 Jul 1908. Recommissioned 2 May 1910, decommissioned at Philadelphia Navy Yard 27 May 1914. Recommissioned 23 Apr 1917, decommissioned for the final time 31 Mar 1919. Became first radio-controlled target; sunk 23 Mar 1923 as target in Panama Bay. USS Kearsarge  (BB 5) 20 Feb 1900 / 4 Sep 1909 Recommissioned 23 Jun 1915, decommissioned 10 May 1920. Was made a crane ship 5 Aug 1920; sold for scrap 9 Aug 1955. USS Kentucky  (BB 6) 15 May 1900 / 28 Aug 1909 Recommissioned 4 Jun 1912, decommissioned 31 May 1913. Recommissioned at Philadelphia 23 Jun 1915, decommissioned 29 May 1920. Sold to Dravo Construction Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., for scrapping 23 Jan 1924. USS Illinois  (BB 7) 15 Sep 1900 / 4 Aug 1909 Recommissioned 2 Nov 1912, decommissioned 15 May 1920. Loaned to N.Y. 23 Oct 1921 for naval militia; sold to Bethlehem Steel Co., Baltimore, Md., 18 May 1956, for scrap. USS Alabama  (BB 8) 16 Oct 1900 / 17 Aug 1909 Recommissioned 17 Apr 1912, decommissioned 7 May 1920. Transferred to War Dept. 15 Sep 1921 for use as target. Sunk in shallow water 27 Sep; 19 Mar 1924, hulk sold as scrap. USS Wisconsin  (BB 9) 4 Feb 1901 / 15 Nov 1906 Recommissioned 1 Apr 1908, decommissioned 15 May 1920. Sold for scrap IAW Washington Treaty 26 Jan 1922. USS Maine  (BB 10) 29 Dec 1902 / 31 Aug 1909 Recommissioned 15 Jun 1911, decommissioned 15 May 1920. Sold to J.G. Hitner & W.F. Cutler of Philadelphia 23 January 1922; scrapped IAW Washington Treaty. USS Missouri  (BB 11) 12 Jan 1903 / 9 Sep 1912 Recommissioned 16 Mar 1914, decommissioned 8 Sep 1919. Sold to J.G. Hitner & W.F. Cutler of Philadelphia 26 January 1922; scrapped IAW Washington Treaty. 4 Oct 1904 / 31 May 1922 Sold for scrap 24 Mar 1923. 7 May 1906 / 13 Aug 1920 Transferred to Army; sunk by bombing off Diamond Shoals, N.C., 5 Sep 1923. 1 Jul 1907 / 2 Jul 1920 Scrapped 30 Nov. 1923 IAW Washington Treaty. 24 Sep 1906 / 15 Jul 1920 Scrapped 1 Nov. 1923 IAW Washington Treaty. 12 May 1906 / 6 Aug 1920 Transferred to Army; sunk by bombing off Diamond Shoals, N.C., 5 Sep 1923. 19 Feb 1906 / 30 Jun 1920 Scrapped 1 Nov. 1923 IAW Washington Treaty. 29 Sep 1906 / 1 Mar 1923 Scrapped 1 Nov. 1923 IAW Washington Treaty. 2 Jun 1906 / 20 Oct 1920 Scrapped 1 Nov. 1923 IAW Washington Treaty. 4 Mar 1907 / 30 Jun 1920 Scrapped 30 Nov. 1923 IAW Washington Treaty. 18 Apr 1907 / 16 Dec 1921 Sold for scrap IAW Washington Treaty. 9 Mar 1907 / 1 Dec 1921 Dismantled at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard IAW Washington Treaty and sold for scrap 23 Jan 1924. USS Mississippi  (BB 23) 1 Feb 1908 / 21 Jul 1914 Transferred to Greece. Served as Lemnos until sunk by German aircraft in Salamis harbor April 1941. USS Idaho  (BB 24) 1 Apr 1908 / 30 Jul 1914 Transferred to Greece. Served as Kilkis until sunk by German aircraft in Salamis harbor April 1941. 19 Mar 1908 / 21 May 1921 Sold for scrapping 1 Nov. 1923 IAW Washington Treaty. 1 Mar 1910 / 15 dec 1921 Sold for scrap 24 Apr 1924 IAW Washington Treaty. 4 Jan 1910 / 11 Feb 1922 Scra


In which town did the Gunfight at the OK Corral take place?

Gunfight at the O.K. Corral | World History Project Oct 26 1881 3:00PM Gunfight at the O.K. Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a gunfight that occurred at about 3 P.M. on Wednesday, October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, United States. The famous gunfight did not actually occur at the O.K. Corral. It occurred in a fifteen- to twenty-foot space between Fly's Lodging House and photographic studio, and the MacDonald assay house west of it. The end of the gunfight took place in Fremont Street. Some of the fighting was in Fremont Street in front of the vacant lot. About thirty shots were fired in thirty seconds. Although only three men were killed during the gunfight, it is generally regarded as the most famous gunfight in the history of the Old West, even though many other gunfights of the period resulted in more people killed (e.g., the Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight, the Going Snake Massacre, the Hot Springs Gunfight, and the Gunfight at Hide Park). The gunfight at the O.K. Corral has been portrayed in numerous Western films. It has come to symbolize the struggle between law-and-order and open-banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West, where law enforcement was often weak or simply nonexistent. In other views, the fight was a more complex embodiment of some of the tensions of the American Civil War of a generation before. One group of fighters represented rural Democrats from Texas who were involved in the cattle-trade in a remote area of Arizona territory which had been desert just a few years before. The other faction (the Earps) had come from the East with the frontier, and represented the very different city interests of Yankee Republican capitalists and businessmen who were attempting to manage a silver-mining boom-town with Eastern expectations of behavior. The gunfight occurred on the physical border of these two cultures. The proximate cause of the conflict that led up to the fight was the arrest by Virgil Earp, acting in his capacity as deputy federal marshal, of two rural “cowboys” for a stagecoach robbery. Drunken threats made by another cowboy against the Earps set them on guard, and when family and friends of the drunken man arrived in town on horseback the next day fully-armed, there was a misunderstanding about how and where they should disarm according to city law. Within hours, both new arrivals were dead, as also was a Cowboy standing with them, who had illegally failed to surrender his pistol the previous day. Law enforcement (the three Earp brothers and "Doc" Holliday) were eventually exonerated of the killings, but later assassinations and assassination attempts against the Earps over the next six months led to a series of killings and retributions, often with federal and county lawmen supporting different sides of the conflict. The series of battles, known as the Earp Vendetta Ride, finally ended with Virgil Earp permanently crippled by gunfire and his brother Morgan killed. The Earps and Holliday were also forced to flee the territory to Colorado and California, never to return to Arizona. Source: Wikipedia Added by: Brian Hand WARFARE OF THE EARPS AND CLANTONS Undoubtedly the most notorious episode of Tombstone's early history occurred October 26, 1881. The Clanton gang of cowboys had refused to recognize the local supremacy of the Earps, and there was bad blood between the factions. On the night of October 25, Ike Clanton, a prominent, though decidedly not plucky, member of the cowboy faction, had been arrested by City Marshal Virgil Earp and had been fined $50 for disorderly conduct, which appears to have been merely in objecting to the marshal's abuse. On the morning of the 26th of the Clanton gang in Tombstone were Tom McLaury, Frank McLaury, Billy Clanton and Ike Clanton. They had appreciated the intimation that Tombstone was unhealthy for them and had saddled their horses to leave for their home ranch in the Babocomari Mountains. The horses were in the O. K. Corral, which fronted on two streets. Fearing trouble, they planned to leave by the rear gate, on F


After a 118 day siege, which town was relieved by General Buller on February 28th/March 1st 1900?

Manchester Regiment | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Between the 1860s and 1880s, the British Army underwent a period of reform implemented by Edward Cardwell and Hugh Childers . Single-battalion regiments amalgamated and were affiliated with a geographical area. [1] The Manchester Regiment came into being on 1 July 1881 by the union of the 63rd (West Suffolk) and 96th Regiments of Foot. They had been linked in 1873 by their allocation to the 16th Sub-district Brigade Depot in Ashton-under-Lyne , near to Manchester. [2] The 2nd Battalion, as the 96th Foot, had been raised in the town of Manchester in 1824. Eight additional battalions were gained through the incorporation of the 6th Royal Lancashire Militia and rifle corps units from Lancashire. [2] India featured prominently in the early history of the regiment. The 1st Battalion had been based there for a decade before departing for Egypt and thence to Britain in 1883, while the 2nd Battailon arrived in 1882 after service in Malta and Egypt. In the volatile North-West Frontier , the battalion participated in two expeditions against warring tribes in 1891. In 1897, the 1st and 2nd Manchesters were posted to Gibraltar and Aden respectively, the latter battalion relocating to Manchester a year later. Boer War (1899-1902) Edit The Manchester Regiment in the full dress uniform of 1914. Illustration by Harry Payne (1858–1927) Amidst growing tension between Boers and the British in the Transvaal, the 1st Manchester shipped to South Africa in September 1899. The battalion arrived in Durban, Natal Colony in early October, and was soon afterwards moved to Ladysmith . [3] The war began on 11 October with a Boer invasion of the colony. [4] After Boer forces captured Elandslaagte railway station, the Manchesters had four companies sent by armoured train to Modderspruit . While disembaking there, the Manchesters and accompanying Imperial Light Horse came under ineffectual artillery fire. [3] The 1st Manchesters, along with a number of other regiments, took part in the subsequent assault. The fighting was heavy, with the Boers pouring accurate fire into the advancing Manchesters. Under increasingly heavy fire, the battalion halted its advance. The Manchesters became the main vanguard of the frontal assault, having originally been tasked with a left-flank attack on the Boer hills. Once the battalion closed in, the Boers withdrew to their main line of defence, situated behind barbed-wire. Further fighting took place on the last hill reached by the British, and the Boers that defended it soon retreated. However, a few dozen Boers soon appeared, counter-attacking the Manchesters and Gordon Highlanders . Heavy fighting ensued, however, the British prevailed. On 2 November, Boer forces encircled and isolated the town of Ladysmith, beginning a 118-day siege . [5] An abortive attempt had been made on 29 October to attack Boer positions. On 6 January 1900, a contingent of 16 soldiers of the 1st Manchesters came under attack at Wagon Hill, near to Caeser's Camp. Against superior numbers, the detachment held its position for 15 hours. Only two survived, Privates Pitts and Scott , who had continued to hold out for many hours when the others had been killed. Both received the Victoria Cross for their actions, giving the regiment its first two VCs. By the 28 February, Ladysmith had finally been relieved by a force under the command of General Redvers Buller . In April, the 2nd Manchesters arrived in Natal as reinforcements. [6] Both battalions participated in the offensive which followed the relieving of Ladysmith, Kimberley and Mafeking . After the fall of Bloemfontein and Pretoria, the Boer commandos transitioned to guerilla warfare . The 2nd Manchesters operated in the Orange Free State, searching farms and burning those suspected of housing commandos. [7] The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging in May 1902. Further reforms were implemented following the war's end by Richard Haldane , the Secretary of State for War. The Haldane Reforms , as they became known, in


In the activity known as BASE jumping, for what does the E stand?

BASE Jumping - Google+ BASE Jumping Shared publicly  -  2017-01-13   Top 3 Antenna BASE JUMPS in Venezuela and Spain. “BASE Tripping” – The incredible new Base Jump Travel series by Carlos Pedro Briceño! Read moreShow less Top 3 Antenna BASE JUMPS in Venezuela and Spain. "BASE Tripping" - The incredible new Base Jump Travel series by Carlos Pedro Briceño! 1 I wanted to go this is was my 3rd time I miss it smh Read moreShow less Shared publicly  -  2016-09-23   Zakynthos Greece - Go Fast Games 2016. Apex BASE Organizers Marta Empinotti & Jimmy Pouchert, Rescue Team Vassili Theodorou & George Gerolimos Read moreShow less Zakynthos Greece - Go Fast Games 2016. Apex BASE Organizers Marta Empinotti & Jimmy Pouchert, Rescue Team Vassili Theodorou & George Gerolimos 1 Shared publicly  -  2016-07-20   Sebastien Montaz has been filming the Skyliners and their Alpina watches on an incredible exploration into the world of free flight Read moreShow less Shared publicly  -  2016-05-05   Dwain Weston - Australian skydiver and BASE jumper. While participating in the Go Fast Games was killed attempting to fly over the Royal Gorge Bridge Read moreShow less Dwain Weston - Australian skydiver and BASE jumper. While participating in the Go Fast Games was killed attempting to fly over the Royal Gorge Bridge 1 Shared publicly  -  2016-10-27   Legendary Red Bull athlete Valery Rozov, sets a new world-record with his jump from Cho Oyu in China as part of the FXTMbasejump project. Following the 31-day expedition to the exit spot, on the 5th of October 2016, Valery BASE jumped 7700m above sea level, setting a new record for the highest BASE jump and proving what can be achieved through effective preparation and training, proper risk management and constantly having the inspiration to push the limits of possibilities higher. Read moreShow less Shared publicly  -  2016-08-17   Jeb Corliss Tianmen Cave - take a look behind the scenes as Jeb Corliss fufills his quest to make history. The first person to fly through Heaven's Gate Read moreShow less Reply   What Does B.A.S.E Stand for? Check out the Chris Douggs McDougall video to find out the answer! Read moreShow less Shared publicly  -  2016-04-29   Mike racks up over 150,000 air-miles each year traveling to wingsuit projects around the world - is one of the world's most experienced wingsuit pilot  Extreme videos with BASE Jumping Introduction BASE jumping is an activity that employs an initially packed parachute to jump from fixed objects. “B.A.S.E.” is an acronym that stands for four categories of fixed objects from which one can jump: buildings, antennas, spans (bridges), and earth (cliffs). The acronym “B.A.S.E.” was coined by filmmaker Carl Boenish, his wife Jean Boenish, Phil Smith, and Phil Mayfield. Carl was the real catalyst behind modern BASE jumping, and in 1978, he filmed the first BASE jumps to be made using ram-air parachutes and the freefall tracking technique (from El Capitan, in Yosemite National Park). While BASE jumps had been made prior to that time, the El Capitan activity was the effective birth of what is now called BASE jumping. BASE jumping is significantly more dangerous than similar sports such as skydiving from aircraft, and is currently regarded by many as a fringe extreme sport or stunt. BASE jumping grew out of skydiving. BASE jumps are generally made from much lower altitudes than skydives, and a BASE jump takes place close to the object serving as the jump platform. Because BASE jumps generally entail slower airspeeds than typical skydives (due to the limited altitude), a BASE jumper rarely achieves terminal velocity. Because higher airspeeds enable jumpers more aerodynamic control of their bodies, as well as more positive and quick parachute openings, the longer the delay, the better. Links


In which country is Unity Day celebrated on October 3rd?

Day of German Unity in Germany Home   Calendar   Holidays   Germany   Day of German Unity Day of German Unity in Germany German Unity Day (Tag der Deutschen Einheit) is annually held on October 3 to mark the anniversary of the nation's unification. It remembers when the Federal Republic of Germany and the Democratic Republic of Germany united to create one single, federal Germany on October 3, 1990. Germany Unity Day is celebrated throughout Germany, including cities such as Berlin (pictured above). Germany Unity Day is celebrated throughout Germany, including cities such as Berlin (pictured above). ©iStockphoto.com/btrenkel Many people have a day off work and big public celebrations are organized. These include: Speeches by politicians and other leaders. Concerts. Food and culture presentations from Germany's regions. Fireworks. The celebrations' atmosphere is festive, welcoming and safe. Each year a different city hosts the national celebrations. Many mosques in Germany are open to the general public on October 3. This is an initiative to stimulate contact between Muslims and non-Muslims and to emphasize the role that Muslims played in forming modern Germany. German Unity Day is the only national holiday in Germany, as all other holidays are administered by the individual states. Public Life German Unity Day is a public holiday in Germany so post offices, banks and many businesses are closed. Nearly all stores are closed, although a few may be open in some city areas. Bakeries, petrol stations and stores at railway stations, airports and near highways are often open. Public transport services may run as usual, at a reduced service or no service depending on where one lives or intends to travel. There may be some disruption to traffic around large celebrations. Background Following World War II, the area that was Germany was divided into four military sectors controlled by France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union. On May 23, 1949, the sectors controlled by France, the United Kingdom and the United States became the Federal Republic of Germany. On October 7, 1949, the sector controlled by the Soviet Union became the German Democratic Republic, which in Germany is generally referred to as the DDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik). The two countries developed very different political and economic systems and, due to the political tensions in post-war Europe, there was little contact between the inhabitants of the two countries. Life in the DDR was characterized by harsh repression against political adversaries. Thousands of inhabitants were kept under intimate surveillance by the infamous East German secret police, the Stasi (Staatssicherheit). At least 137 people died trying to escape from the DDR. On September 4, 1989 citizens of Leipzig protested peacefully against the DDR government. More so-called “Monday demonstrations” soon took place in other cities across the DDR. The protests called for political reform and to open the borders. On November 9, 1989, the checkpoints between the two countries were opened and people were allowed to travel freely. This date marked the "fall" of the Berlin wall. These events lead to political change. Democratic elections paved the way for unity in the German Democratic Republic on March 18, 1990. The "Treaty of Unification" was signed by both countries' leaders in August that year. Finally, Germany's unification became official on October 3, 1990. Symbols The Brandenburg Gate and the Berlin wall were two important symbols of Germany's division following World War II and Berlin's and Germany's unification in 1990. Images of the Brandenburg Gate and the Berlin wall's destruction are often displayed on German Unity Day. The German unification treaty also symbolizes the day and its meaning. Germany's flag is displayed, particularly on public buildings, on German Unity Day. This flag is three units high and five units wide and is divided horizontally into thirds. The top third is jet black, the middle third traffic red and the bottom third is gold. Together these c


Who played the lead role of Dr Gabriel Monroe in the TV series Monroe?

Monroe (TV Series 2011– ) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Medical drama series about brilliant neurosurgeon Gabriel Monroe. Stars: Sally Fortune,one of Monroe's team,collapses during an operation and is revealed to have a life-threatening aneurysm requiring immediate surgery. It is successful and even brings Monroe closer to ... 8.0 Laurence surprises Monroe with the news that he is thinking of leaving to work elsewhere but changes his mind after a talk with Jenny,where she tells him why she shies away from relationships. ... 7.9 Young ex-soldier David Foster is admitted with a blood clot caused when he fell off a wall whilst stoned. Monroe decides against surgery as he feels the clot could disappear but David's parents are ... 7.8 Grimm Video: 'Decimated' Hadrian's Wall, a New (?) Eve, Adalind's Ring Dilemma and More Season 6 Scoop 27 July 2016 2:29 PM, -08:00 | TVLine.com a list of 37 titles created 16 Jul 2011 a list of 66 titles created 14 Nov 2011 a list of 44 titles created 20 Sep 2012 a list of 28 titles created 12 Nov 2013 a list of 43 titles created 5 months ago Search for " Monroe " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Murphy's Law (TV Series 2003) Crime | Drama | Mystery As a maverick cop with a dark past, DS Tommy Murphy fails a psychiatric assessment but is given one last chance by his boss and given a dangerous undercover assignment. Stars: James Nesbitt, Del Synnott, Sarah Berger Murphy's Law (TV Movie 2001) Crime | Drama Tommy Murphy is a tough talking cop. He is a bit of a womeniser and is particularly interested in Annie, his colleague, who is later is boss. An excellent undercover cop, Murphy, solves ... See full summary  » Director: John Strickland     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.2/10 X   London, 2007. Tom Jackman is the only living descendent of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. He has made a deal with his dark side: a body share. What Mr. Hyde doesn't know is that Tom has a family.... See full summary  » Stars: James Nesbitt, Gina Bellman, Denis Lawson Cold Feet (TV Series 1997) Comedy | Drama | Romance At times comedic and at other times heartbreaking, the series follows the intertwining lives of three Manchester couples at different stages in their relationships. At the start, Adam ... See full summary  » Stars: James Nesbitt, John Thomson, Robert Bathurst Midnight Man (TV Mini-Series 2008) Drama | Thriller Conspiracy thriller starring James Nesbitt as a down-on-his-luck journalist who uncovers a dangerous secret. Stars: James Nesbitt, Catherine McCormack, Rupert Graves The Deep (TV Mini-Series 2010) Action | Adventure | Drama A research submarine beneath the Arctic stumbles upon a terrifying secret with Earth-shattering consequences. Stars: James Nesbitt, Orla Brady, Goran Visnjic Three ex-servicemen return to Basra, each for a different reason. Stars: James Nesbitt, Stephen Graham, Warren Brown Single mother DCI Janine Lewis struggles with the problems of bringing up four children while leading her team of detectives in solving high-profile murders. Stars: Caroline Quentin, Ian Kelsey, Paul Loughran Set in Edinburgh, the mercurial Detective Inspector John Rebus's investigations lead him through the city's ancient beauty and into its more sinister quarters. Stars: Ken Stott, Claire Price, Jennifer Black Inspector George Gently (TV Series 2007) Crime | Drama | Mystery With the help of DS John Bacchus, Inspector George Gently spends his days bringing to justice members of the criminal underworld who are unfortunate enough to have the intrepid investigator assigned to their cases. Stars: Martin Shaw, Lee Ingleby, Simon Hubbard Touching Evil (TV Series 1997) Crime | Drama | Mystery Touching Evil is a crime drama following the exploits of a crack squad on the Organised & Serial C


What was former Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's hereditary title?

Benjamin Disraeli | prime minister of United Kingdom | Britannica.com prime minister of United Kingdom Written By: Alternative Titles: Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield, Viscount Hughenden of Hughenden, Dizzy Benjamin Disraeli Prime minister of United Kingdom Also known as Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield, Viscount Hughenden of Hughenden born Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd marquess of Salisbury Benjamin Disraeli, in full Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield, Viscount Hughenden of Hughenden, byname Dizzy (born December 21, 1804, London , England —died April 19, 1881, London), British statesman and novelist who was twice prime minister (1868, 1874–80) and who provided the Conservative Party with a twofold policy of Tory democracy and imperialism . Benjamin Disraeli. W. and D. Downey—Mansell/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images Early life Disraeli was of Italian-Jewish descent, the eldest son and second child of Isaac D’Israeli and Maria Basevi. The most important event in Disraeli’s boyhood was his father’s quarrel in 1813 with the synagogue of Bevis Marks, which led to the decision in 1817 to have his children baptized as Christians. Until 1858, Jews by religion were excluded from Parliament; except for the father’s decision, Disraeli’s political career could never have taken the form it did. Disraeli was educated at small private schools. At the age of 17 he was articled to a firm of solicitors, but he longed to become notable in a more sensational manner. His first efforts were disastrous. In 1824 he speculated recklessly in South American mining shares, and, when he lost all a year later, he was left so badly in debt that he did not recover until well past middle age. Earlier he had persuaded the publisher John Murray , his father’s friend, to launch a daily newspaper, the Representative. It was a complete failure. Disraeli, unable to pay his promised share of the capital, quarreled with Murray and others. Moreover, in his novel Vivian Grey (1826–27), published anonymously, he lampooned Murray while telling the story of the failure. Disraeli was unmasked as the author, and he was widely criticized. United Kingdom: Gladstone and Disraeli Disraeli suffered what would later be called a nervous breakdown and did little during the next four years. He wrote another extravagant novel, The Young Duke (1831), and in 1830 began 16 months of travel in the Mediterranean countries and the Middle East . These travels not only furnished him with material for Oriental descriptions he used in later novels but also influenced his attitude in foreign relations with India, Egypt, and Turkey in the 1870s. Back in England, he was active in London social and literary life, where his dandified dress, conceit and affectation, and exotic good looks made him a striking if not always popular figure. He was invited to fashionable parties and met most of the celebrities of the day. His novel Contarini Fleming (1832) has considerable autobiographical interest, like many of his novels, as well as echoes of his political thought. Political beginnings Scientists Ponder Menopause in Killer Whales By 1831 Disraeli had decided to enter politics and sought a seat in Buckinghamshire , near Wycombe, where his family had settled. As an independent radical, he stood for and lost High Wycombe twice in 1832 and once in 1835. Realizing that he must attach himself to one of the political parties, he made a somewhat eccentric interpretation of Toryism , which some features of his radicalism fitted. In 1835 he unsuccessfully stood for Taunton as the official Conservative candidate. His extravagant behaviour, great debts, and open liaison with Henrietta, wife of Sir Francis Sykes (the prototype of the heroine in his novel Henrietta Temple [1837]), all gave him a dubious reputation. In 1837, however, he successfully stood for Maidstone in Kent as the Conservative candidate. His maiden speech in the House of Commons was a failure. Elaborate metaphors , affected mannerisms, and foppish dress led to his being shouted down. But he was not silenced. He


Which country celebrates National Foundation Day on 11th February, the anniversary of the coronation of the first emperor, Jimmu, in 660BC?

Deborah Swallow « Dr Deborah Swallow – Global Cultural Diversity.. Queen Celebrates ‘Extraordinary Cultural Tapestry’ on Commonwealth Day: March 12th Celebrated on the second Monday in March every year,  Commonwealth Day is an opportunity to promote understanding on global issues, international co-operation and the work of the Commonwealth’s organisations that aim to improve the lives of its citizens. This year, the Queen is calling for people who live in the Commonwealth to celebrate the “extraordinary cultural tapestry” of the “unique gathering of nations” of the 54 member nations. “The Commonwealth treasures and respects this wealth of diversity.” Read more.. » After huge unrest and a massive security clamp down, Tibetan New Year will not be its usual festive self. Tibet’s exiled government has called on Tibetans not to celebrate their new year which begins on Wednesday after Chinese authorities have implemented what some experts say are unprecedented measures of control on vast swathes of ethnically Tibetan regions, following a wave of self-immolations by Buddhist monks and nuns. See statement by Kalon Tripa Dr. Lobsang Sangay on YouTube . The Tibetan New year, also known as Losar, is the most important festival in the Tibetan calendar. It is normally celebrated over a period of 2 weeks and marked with ancient ceremonies that represents the struggle between good and evil, by chanting, and by passing fire torches through the crowds. This year, the exiled Government has asked that Tibetans observe instead traditional and spiritual rituals for those who have died. Happy Valentine’s Day For us in the West, Valentine’s Day is the day that celebrates love. St. Valentine has become the patron saint of lovers and on this day we traditionally exchange messages of love, send poems and simple gifts such as chocolates and flowers to our beloved. Traditionally, these are sent anonomously – ‘From Your Valentine’ – which is thought to have come from the farewell note sent from St. Valentine to his gaoler’s daughter just before he was put to death. In the United States, Miss Esther Howland is given credit for sending the first valentine cards. Commercial valentines were introduced in the 1800’s and now the date is very commercialised. The colour Red, Roses and Hearts are the symbols tradtionally associated with this day. Read below for the full history of St. Valentine’s Day. Read more.. » Celebration or Flashpoint? Waitangi Day: February 6th My good friends from 'down-under' - Holona & Trish Lui New Zealand’s nationhood is both proudly acknowledged and embraced on Waitangi Day:  the 6thof February.  It marks the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 between the local Maori (NZ indigenous people) and the British Crown. Over the years the Treaty has been hailed and celebrated as a symbol of New Zealand’s nationhood; but, on the other hand, the Treaty is also condemned by those who seek to ignore and dismiss its provisions and obligations on the Crown to safeguard Maori rights to their language, culture, land and resources. This has meant that Waitangi Day is both a celebration of nationhood, and at times a flash point between the differing cultural values of Maori… National Foundation Day: Japan – February 11th National Foundation Day is a day of celebration throughout Japan. Each year, on 11th February, the country remembers its historic roots. National Foundation Day, or Kenkoku Kinen no Hi, has its roots in Kigensetsu, or ‘Empire Day’, founded by the Meiji Emperor in 1873 to honour the Imperial family line and the founding of Japan. However, it is now thought that the Meiji government wanted to raise the profile of the Imperial Emperor and unite the modernising Japan as a nation-state following the abolition of the traditional Shogunate.  Although done away with after World War II, Kigensetsu was subsequently revived in 1966 as National Foundation Day. History tells us that Japan’s first ruler was Emperor Jimmu , a descendant of the Sun Goddess, who was crowned on 11 February, 660BC. This day is regarded as the founding of the


Keith Relf was the singer with which 1960s group, three of their guitarists are some of the most famous in rock music?

'An Original Man (A Song For Keith)' by The Yardbirds - YouTube 'An Original Man (A Song For Keith)' by The Yardbirds Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Feb 10, 2013 The song is a tribute to Keith Relf, the original lead singer for The Yardbirds, one of the 60's most important and influential British blues/rock bands. Relf was electrocuted in 1976 while playing his guitar at his home. The recording is from the 2003 album "Birdland", the first Yardbirds studio album since 1967. On The Yardbirds official site, bass player Chris Dreja says: "I remember writing the lyrics. I was at home and there was this book about the band on the table, and there was a photograph of Keith. I remember thinking how much he influenced these rock guys of today, their look and their attitude - I see little Relf copies all over the place. Relfy was the original man in that sense. I just wanted to write some lyrics encompassing what he was. He died young; he was immensely talented, a lot of it unrecognized. He was the real thing. So that's what really inspired me. The Gregorian chants on the fade very much fitted the reflectiveness of that song." The Yardbirds had a string of hits in the mid-1960s, including "For Your Love", "Over Under Sideways Down", "Little Games", "Happenings Ten Years Time Ago" and "Heart Full of Soul". The group is notable for having started the careers of three of rock's most famous guitarists: Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page, all of whom made the top five of Rolling Stone's 100 Top Guitarists list. The Yardbirds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. The bulk of the band's most successful self-written songs came from bassist/producer Paul Samwell-Smith who, with singer/harmonica player Keith Relf (22 March 1943 - 14 May 1976), drummer Jim McCarty and rhythm guitarist/bassist Chris Dreja, constituted the core of the group. The band reformed in the 1990s, featuring McCarty, Dreja and new members. The lineup on the Birdland album included Chris Dreja, Jim McCarty, Gypie Mayo (lead guitar, backing vocals), John Idan (bass, lead vocals) and Alan Glen (harmonica, backing vocals), which consisted of a mixture of new material mostly penned by McCarty and re-recordings of some of their greatest hits, with guest appearances by Joe Satriani, Steve Vai, Slash, Brian May, Steve Lukather, Jeff "Skunk" Baxter, John Rzeznik, Martin Ditchum and Simon McCarty. Also, Jeff Beck reunited with his former band-mates on the song "My Blind Life". Top Topham, Yardbirds first guitarist from the 1960s, made a rare guest appearance on stage in 2005. Since the release of Birdland, Gypie Mayo was briefly replaced by Jerry Donahue, and subsequently in 2005 by the then 22-year-old Ben King, while Alan Glen was replaced by Billy Boy Miskimmin from Nine Below Zero fame. The latest lineup includes Chris Dreja, Jim McCarty, Ben King, Andy Mitchell and David Smale. Yardbirds Official Website: http://www.theyardbirds.com


In which English county is the town of Wells-next-the-Sea?

Wells-next-the-Sea Town Council | A Norfolk Parishes site OFFICE HOURS: (Subject to holidays and other exigencies) Monday, Tuesday, Thursday & Friday 0900— 1400 Closed Wednesday To see what services we are responsible for (and those that others are) see the “Who does What?” page – this also provides the contact details for North Norfolk Distict Council & Norfolk County Council Wells-next-the-Sea Town Council in Norfolk Public Liabilities – Hiscox Insurance Company Ltd 11 March 2011,  News   Notice of the conclusion of the external audit for the year ending 31st March 2016 can be viewed by clicking Here Wells-next-the-Sea – A Dementia Friendly Town Wells is working towards being Dementia friendly with many of the local businesses having staff trained to understand the needs of people living with dementia. If you have any questions about what is available for people with Dementia in Wells  contact Jacqueline Stanbridge. Email: jacqueline.stanbridge@wellshospital.org.uk Buttlands Policies New Policies and application forms for events on the Buttlands can be found on the Publications section of the website.


In which city is the Commandery Civil War Centre?

The Commandery, Worcester - Worcestershire travel guide HERITAGE RATING:   ? One of the best-preserved historic buildings in Worcester, the Commandery is an intriguing half-timbered Tudor house on the site of an 11th century hospital founded by St Wulfstan and an earlier Saxon chapel founded by St Gudwal. The hospital was one of the last monastic foundations to be dissolved by Henry VIII in the Reformation. The Commandery is most associated for its role in the Civil War, when it was used by Charles II as his headquarters before the Battle of Worcester in 1651. The complex of buildings now houses a museum of Worcester history, with displays on the art, social history, ethnology, archaeology, geology, and natural history of the area, and exhibits from the Worcestershire Regiment and the Worcestershire Yeomanry Cavalry. History Some time in the late Saxon period a chapel was erected here, dedicated to St Gudwal. Remains of pillars used in St Gudwal's chapel can be seen in the garden. Then around AD 1085 St Wulstan, Bishop of Worcester, founded a hospital on the site of the earlier chapel. The hospital was situated just outside the medieval city gates, where major roads from Bristol, Bath, and London converged, so it probably was intended to serve the needs of travellers. It is highly likely that the hospital was founded by, or for, the Knights Hospitallers, who usually called their administrative districts commanderies. The Great Hall exterior Most of the present building dates to the 15th century and is a wonderful example of late medieval timber-framing. It seems that an anonymous donor gave a large sum of money to the hospital, enough to finance a complete rebuilding of the Norman buildings, which must by then haven showing their age. Itappears that the earlier structure was completely destroyed, except for St Gudwal's chapel, and a new timber-framed structure erected. The large timber pieces were assembled in a builder's yard, marked, and taken appart for transport to the building site where they were reassembled. So in essence, the Commandery as we see it today was a gigantic flat-pack building. You can see the carpenter's marks on beams throughout the building, identifying which pieces fit with which other pieces. The hospital was among the last monastic institutions in England to be disolved by Henry VIII, ending almost 500 years of service in 1540. It passed into private hands and was adapted to a number of roles, including a private dwelling. Immediately after the Dissolution the property was purchased by the Wylde family, wealthy clothiers who owned it until 1785. during the Civil War the Wylde's made their house available to Charles II to serve as his administrative headquarters. When the Wylde's sold the property in 1785 it was split into several dwellings. Then in the 19th century it became a school for the blind, and in the 20th century was used as a printing works. The Painted Chamber wall painting Highlights The Great Hall The heart of the medieval building, where meals would have been eaten and most daily activities have taken place. At one end of the hall is a gallery, overlooking the open space below. Under the gallery is a beautifully carved wooden panel. The Painted Chamber In 1935 an amazing discovery was made in a small chamber overlooking the great hall. A series of wall paintings were uncovered, with scenes from the Bible and lives of saints. One very vivide scene depicts the martyrdom of Thomas Becket at Canterbury. Why were these exceptional wall paintings created in this one small room? One theory is that the chamber was used to house terminally ill pilgrims, and the pictures were supposed to be a reminder of life eternal. So the Painted Chamber was really a chamber for the dying. The Worcester Funeral Pall In the Death and Loss Room on the ground floor is a magnificent funeral pall, crafted by the Clothiers Guild of worcester around 1490. The pall is made of embroidered velvet, fringed with silk and created with gold and coloured silk thread. The Pall was used to drape over the coffins of Guild


In the Asterix stories, what is the name of the druid who brews the magic potion?

Asterix - The A to Z of Asterix - Characters - Asterix The A to Z of Asterix French name : Astï¿½rix German name : Asterix Spanish name : Astï¿½rix Italian name : Asterix Portugese name : Astï¿½rix Although he does not have the impressive muscle-bound physique of the heroes Albert Uderzo drew at first, Asterix is the only anti-hero to boast such a collection of success stories and heroic feats. Throughout his adventures, where his legendary wile and the precious magic potion concocted by the druid Getafix allow him to escape from the direst situations, often covered with glory, Asterix has made off with Caesar's laurel crown, won a gold metal at the Olympic Games (without the benefit of the magic potion, if you please!) and completed with honours the 12 tasks as decreed by Caesar one day when he was foolish enough to risk a bet with our incorrigible Gauls. Thanks to our hero, the Britons discovered tea and the Belgians were inspired to make French fries! As for the Asterix comic book series, it has been the sensation of the publishing world for over 45 years while the character Asterix has become a mythical figure, a symbol throughout the world for all who resist the influence of Empires trying to impose their will and law on others. Renï¿½ Goscinny explained that his hero's name, with its initial ï¿½Aï¿½, was a clear advantage with regard to alphabetic classification in any future comic book encyclopaedia, but did he ever imagine that his tiny Gaul would also change comic book history? And what more can be said about the success of Asterix in the film industry? Despite all his success, Asterix has remained down to earth and all he needs to keep him (and his readers) happy is the chance to ridicule the Romans and savour a delicious banquet with his friends.


Name the year in which Gladiator won the Best Picture Oscar, George W Bush was sworn in as US President and Dennis Tito became the first space tourist?

The Oughts / Useful Notes - TV Tropes In some ways, The Oughts was much like The '90s — however, there were a few key differences that will be highlighted here. Headlines & Daily Life: On September 11, 2001, four commercial airliners were hijacked by nineteen terrorists from the Islamist militia al-Qaeda. Two of them were crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City (one plane for each tower), the third divebombed the Pentagon in Arlington County. On the fourth plane, bound for either the White House or Capitol, the passengers were able to deduce the motives of the hijackers after learning from relatives about the attacks on New York & DC and banded together to take back control of the plane and return it to safety . The hijackers, however, counterattacked by crashing the plane in a field just outside Shanksville, Pennsylvania ; the passengers are now revered for what is considered a Heroic Sacrifice . Back in NYC, the Twin Towers collapsed as a result of fires caused by the plane crashes, causing the destruction of the rest of the World Trade Center & the surrounding area and causing widespread air pollution with serious health problems to go with it. Discounting the 19 hijackers, the attacks killed 2,978 people total (the most recent victim died in 2015 of health complications caused by the towers' collapse), making it the deadliest terrorist attack in recorded history. If you're really too young to remember, it was a HUGE deal when it happened, on par with the attack on Pearl Harbor (then-president George W. Bush even compared the two attacks in his journal the following evening). Like Pearl Harbor, 9/11 was a breeding ground for conspiracy theorists , though the aforementioned explanation is the most commonly accepted version of events. In the same year, The Netherlands became the first nation in the world to allow same-sex marriages. In 2002, the new decade saw a new country become a free, independent nation. East Timor broke free of Indonesia 's oppressive rulenote This is part of the 1998 Reformation movement, which transformed the government into a democratic one. The Indonesians pretty much let them go, no-questions-asked-no-compensations-demanded, as they see the control of East Timor as part of the despicable military hegemony. and became the world's youngest Asian democracy. In 2003, America lost its second Space Shuttle with the breakup of Columbia during reentry. This tragic event pretty much heralded the end of the US manned space program, although sporadic launches would still occur throughout the decade as it wrapped things up. However, thanks to SpaceShipOne and a desperate-for-cash Russian space program, space tourism and private space travel took their first faltering steps to being a reality... but only for the super-rich. Dennis Tito was the first tourist in space in 2000. By the end of the decade, this would fall from super-rich to merely really-rich (although the really rich would only make it to the edge of orbit and a few minutes of weightlessness. In 2005, the Kyoto Protocol came into force (although the protocol itself was adopted earlier), and by now 191 states have signed and ratified the protocol. It is the most famous symbol of world-wide action with the stated aim of reducing climate change. In 2008, Barack Obama was elected President of the United States and sworn in the following year, making him the first black man to do so. Also in 2008, a long-coming, massive economic bubble burst in the US, resulting in an economic recession that almost, but not quite, rivaled the Great Depression in terms of fallout. The effects resonated throughout the world, resulting in the collapse of the Greek and Irish economies, hideously high unemployment worldwide, and other terrible consequences (such as the appearance of "ghost towns" throughout the Iberian peninsula: fully constructed, modern cities that have been abandoned). The economic crisis, in the US, resulted in a backlash against "corrupt banks" and a business-friendly Congress, culminating in such events as the Occupy


Which Law of Physics defines the relationship between the pressure and volume of an ideal gas?

Gas Laws Gas Laws One of the most amazing things about gases is that, despite wide differences in chemical properties, all the gases more or less obey the gas laws.  The gas laws deal with how gases behave with respect to pressure, volume, temperature, and amount. Pressure Gases are the only state of matter that can be compressed very tightly or expanded to fill a very large space.  Pressure is force per unit area, calculated by dividing the force by the area on which the force acts.  The earth's gravity acts on air molecules to create a force, that of the air pushing on the earth.  This is called atmospheric pressure. The units of pressure that are used are pascal (Pa), standard atmosphere (atm), and torr.  1 atm is the average pressure at sea level.  It is normally used as a standard unit of pressure.  The SI unit though, is the pascal. 101,325 pascals equals 1 atm. For laboratory work the atmosphere is very large.  A more convient unit is the torr.  760 torr equals 1 atm.  A torr is the same unit as the mmHg (millimeter of mercury).  It is the pressure that is needed to raise a tube of mercury 1 millimeter. The Gas Laws: Pressure Volume Temperature Relationships Boyle's Law:  The Pressure-Volume Law Boyle's law or the pressure-volume law states that the volume of a given amount of gas held at constant temperature varies inversely with the applied pressure when the temperature and mass are constant. Another way to describing it is saying that their products are constant. PV = C When pressure goes up, volume goes down. When volume goes up, pressure goes down. From the equation above, this can be derived: P1V1 = P2V2 = P3V3 etc. This equation states that the product of the initial volume and pressure is equal to the product of the volume and pressure after a change in one of them under constant temperature.  For example, if the initial volume was 500 mL at a pressure of 760 torr, when the volume is compressed to 450 mL, what is the pressure? Plug in the values: (760 torr)(500 mL) = P2(450 mL) 760 torr x 500 mL/450 mL = P2 844 torr = P2 The pressure is 844 torr after compression. Charles' Law:  The Temperature-Volume Law This law states that the volume of a given amount of gas held at constant pressure is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature. V Same as before, a constant can be put in: V / T = C As the volume goes up, the temperature also goes up, and vice-versa. Also same as before, initial and final volumes and temperatures under constant pressure can be calculated. V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 = V3 / T3 etc. Gay-Lussac's Law:  The Pressure Temperature Law This law states that the pressure of a given amount of gas held at constant volume is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature. P Same as before, a constant can be put in: P / T = C As the pressure goes up, the temperature also goes up, and vice-versa. Also same as before, initial and final volumes and temperatures under constant pressure can be calculated. P1 / T1 = P2 / T2 = P3 / T3 etc. Avogadro's Law:  The Volume Amount Law Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856) Gives the relationship between volume and amount when pressure and temperature are held constant.  Remember amount is measured in moles.  Also, since volume is one of the variables, that means the container holding the gas is flexible in some way and can expand or contract. If the amount of gas in a container is increased, the volume increases.  If the amount of gas in a container is decreased, the volume decreases. V FW = gRT / PV ; V = (0.1000 g)(0.0821 L-atm / mole-K)(295.3 K) / (0.0928 atm)(0.256 L) = 102 g / mole FW of CHF2 = 51.0 g / mole ;  102 / 51.0 = 2 ; C2H2F4 If the equation above is rearranged further, g / V = P x FW / RT = density you get an expression of the density of the gas as a function of T and FW. EXAMPLE 3: Compare the density of He and air (average FW = 28 g/mole) at 25.0 oC and 1.00 atm. dHe = (4.003 g / mole)(1.00 atm) / (0.0821 L-atm / mole-K)(298 K) = 0.164 g / L dair = (28.0 g / mole)(1.00 atm) / (0.0821 L-atm / mole-K)(298 K) = 1.14 g / L EXAMPLE 4: Compare the density of air at 25


In the Asterix stories, what is the name of the portly chief?

Asterix and Obelix heros of Gaul, France   Asterix Asterix (originally AstÃ©rix) is the fictional hero of a series of comic books created by RenÃ© Goscinny and Albert Uderzo in France. The books have been translated into many languages (including Latin and ancient Greek) and are available in most countries. It's probably the most popular French comic in the world. Setting and characters The stories also feature allusions to major artistic works (such as Pieter Bruegel's Peasant Wedding and Victor Hugo's story of the battle of Waterloo from Les ChÃ¢timents in Asterix in Belgium), historical personalities (Napoleon, Louis XIV of France), famous places (Le Moulin Rouge).... [1] (http://www.mage.fst.uha.fr/asterix/allusion/allusion.html) However, in many other respects the series reflects life in the 1st century BC as accurately as can be expected from the medium. For example, the multistoried apartments in Rome - the insulae - has Obelix remarking that one man's roof is another man's floor and consequently "These Romans are crazy" - his favourite line.  The text makes relatively regular use of original Latin proverbs, and allusions to Julius Caesar's De Bello Gallico, a book about the conquest of Gaul, later used as an introductory text to Latin. Some jokes are made about Caesar's use of the third person to write about himself. Asterix is very "punny" A key feature of the text of the Asterix books are the constant puns used as names of characters; The names of the two protagonists come from the French names for the asterisk and the obelisk.  English language examples include the chief (Vitalstatistix), the druid (Getafix), the woeful bard of the village (Cacofonix), the fishmonger (Unhygienix), an old man (Geriatrix) with a young wife. Incidental characters often feature names like "Hiphiphurrax" and "Mykingdomforanos".  This punning tradition occurs in other languages; for example, in the French original, the chief is called "Abraracourcix", derived from the phrase "Ã  bras raccourcis" meaning 'with arms raised and ready, ready to punch'. The Egyptian in AstÃ©rix LÃ©gionnaire is named "CourdetÃ©nis" in French, "Ptenisnet" in English. As a kind of visual pun, minor characters often resemble famous people or fictional characters. Notable examples include Britain's most famous bards, in Asterix in Britain, who are four in number and look like the Beatles; and a pair of Belgian warriors in Asterix in Belgium who resemble Thomson and Thompson of the Belgian Tintin comic book.  More recently, this has occasionally extended to major characters: in Asterix and the Black Gold, a Roman spy is Sean Connery as James Bond, and in Asterix and Obelix All at Sea, the leader of the escaped slaves is Kirk Douglas as          Spartacus. List of volumes


Which eponymous Dickens character married Madeline Bray?

Nicholas Nickleby Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 39 out of 46 people found the following review useful: Wonderful adaptation, Horrendous Marketing from Dallas, Texas 19 January 2003 Greetings again from the darkness. Truly exceptional adaptation of Dickens really shows how terrific writing can allow a film to work. Yes, the cast was very capable and in fact, Christopher Plummer was multi-layered, pure evil as Uncle Ralph. The Squeers team of veterans Jim Broadbent and Juliet Stevenson made escape from their "school" seem the only rational approach. Charlie Hunnam is gorgeous and capable as Nicholas, and herein lies the problem. While not for the youngest of kids, those 12 and up would probably enjoy the movie very much. As a way to touch Dickens, this is easily the least painful and most accessible for 7th through 12th graders. Why aren't audience was filled with 40 and 50 somethings who read the novel growing up and a few (like me) brought teenagers with them. My daughter and her friends loved it! Very frustrating that studios will sink millions into drawing crowds for trash like "Planet of the Apes", "XXX", "Blue Crush", etc but almost nothing into this. Of course, this offers an education in story structure and the supporting casting was inspired. In addition to Hunnam, Anne Hathaway ("Princess Diaries"), Jamie Bell ("Billy Elliot"), Nathan Lane and Alan Cumming were all excellent. Tom Courtenay was funny and pitiful at the same time. Yes, the story is like much of Dickens, it provides hope for those who seem to have little. Good prevails over evil. Personally, I like that approach. Was the above review useful to you? 35 out of 43 people found the following review useful: Good Triumphs Over Evil from United States 4 September 2007 Stunning photography, outrageous characters and a powerful, emotional story: that's Nicholas Nickleby, the 2002 adaptation from the famous book by Charles Dickens. I have not read that book, so this story was new to me and I couldn't help but be impressed. Hopefully, most people are still satisfied to see good people triumph in the end. With a Dickens story, you know there will be a lot to overcome, too, and lots of suffering and heartache along the way to a happy ending. Douglas McGrathdid a fine job directing this film. Dick Pope, director of photography (cinematographer) made England look as beautiful as any Merchant-Ivory film I've seen. Start-to-finish the landscape of England never looked prettier. Pope performed the same kind of magic two years later in "The Illusionist," a gorgeous-looking movie. Kudos to Rachel Portman for a magnificent score, too, with a beautiful, sweeping theme song. This movie is a treat for the ears, as well. Charlie Hunnam as Nicholas Nickleby was adequate; Christopher Plummer as his Uncle Ralph was very good and Jamie Bell as the unforgettable "Smike" was excellent. It's hard to believe he's the same kid who played "Billy Elliott" just a couple of years ago. Jim Broadbent and Juliet Stevens as the wicked, evil husband-and-wife-team who run DotheBoys Hall, a boys boarding school, were also memorable. Dickens also had cruel people mistreating little boys and these two personify cruelty. Two beautiful women: Anne Hathaway's as Nicholas' love "Madeline Bray" and Romola Garai as his sister "Kate" were both pleasant and easy on the eyes. As for supporting actors, I enjoyed them all as well, getting an extra smile from Timothy Spall and Gerald Horan and "Charles and Ned Cherryble" The same can be said for Nathan Lane and Alan Cumming, who provide much-needed comic relief and whimsy. I did not recognize Tom Courtenay as "Newman Noggs." I guess I still picture him from his younger and much thinner years. It's been almost 25 years since I last saw him in "The Dresser" and he's changed quite a bit. One other thing that was fun to observe in this film: everyone's vocabulary! , I loved how they expressed themselves, the good and the bad people Of the many well-put sentences delivered in this well-intentioned and high-minded film, I remember Nickleby saying