What colour is the artist's colour called vermillion?

Spotlight on Vermilion Spotlight on Vermilion I like this 0 The brilliant and distinctive red of vermilion has been used extensively across thousands of years of art history, from the art and decoration of Ancient China and Rome through to the manuscripts of the middle ages and the paintings of the Renaissance. A Beautiful But Dangerous Colour Naturally occurring vermilion is an opaque orangish red pigment and was originally derived from powdered mineral cinnabar, the ore of which contains mercury making it toxic. Infact in ancient times many of the miners who extracted the ore paid a high price with their lives due to the toxicity of the substance. The word vermilion is derived from the French vermeil meaning any red dye which in turn comes from vermiculum, a red dye made from the insect Kermes vermilio.   Ancient China Takes The Initiative China has been credited with first synthesizing vermilion from mercury and sulphur. The earliest known description of this process dates from the 8th century China. ‘China Red,’ as it became known, was an everyday part of Chinese life from palatial red lacquers to the printing-pastes for personal name stamps to the red calligraphic ink reserved for Emperors. Vermilion: The Colour Of Victory Vermilion was equally revered by the Romans who painted the faces of their triumphant generals with it. The vermilion coated faces were to match the vermilion visage of the image of Jupiter Capitolinus in the temple on the Capitoline Hill. Because pure cinnabar was so rare, vermilion became immensely expensive and the price had to be fixed by the Roman government at 70 sesterces per pound - ten times the price of red ochre. Buyer Beware The story of a highly expensive highly sought after colour continued into the 12th century where synthetically produced vermilion was used throughout Europe. Costing as much as gilding, it was used mostly to illuminate manuscripts and vermilion still featured as a colour in illuminating kits available from the early to mid 19th century. During the 14th century, the technique for synthesising vermilion became more widespread in Europe. Due to the repeatability and control over the process, synthetic vermilion was regarded early on as superior to the vermilion pigment derived from natural cinnabar. The Florentine artist Cennino Cennini in his book “Il libro dell’Arte” had some sound do-it-yourself advice for vermilion customers : ‘Always buy vermilion unbroken, and not pounded or ground. The reason? Because it is generally adulterated, either with red lead or with pounded brick.’(1) The Dutch Take Control From the 17th century, the Dutch method of manufacturing vermilion was used. Mercury and melted sulphur were mashed resulting in black mercury sulphide which was then heated in a retort giving off vapour. When this vapour condensed it gave a bright red crystalline form of the mercury sulphide and the crystallised mercury sulphide was then scraped off and treated with a strong alkali solution to remove the sulphur. The final pigment was produced after washing and grinding under water. The Dutch looked back across the centuries basing their techniques on those adopted in ancient China. The names cinnabar and vermilion were used freely to describe either the natural or synthesised pigment until the 17th century, at which point vermilion became the more common name. By the late 18th century the name cinnabar was generally applied only to the unground natural mineral. Pure And Not So Pure By the mid 19th century Chinese vermilion was considered the purest form especially when compared to the European variety of the time. Due to the high cost of cinnabar, European vermilion was often cut with cheaper materials such as brick dust, orpiment, iron oxide, Persian red, iodine scarlet, and red lead. This debasement of the cinnabar would often make the final pigment unstable in artists’ colours. Winds Of Change Interest by the art world in vermilion declined during the 20th century owing to its cost and toxicity and cadmium red became a popular replacement which had comparable c


Later holding a cabinet post, who finished second to Edward Heath in the 1965 Conservative Party Leadership Election?

Edward Heath Edward Heath ▼ Primary Sources ▼ Edward Heath Edward Heath, the son of a builder, was born in Broadstairs on 9th July, 1916. He studied at Balliol College , Oxford where he was influenced by the political and religious ideas of A. D. Lindsay and William Temple . In 1937 Heath became president of the Oxford Conservative Association. In 1938 he went with three other undergraduates to observe the Spanish Civil War . He met leaders of the Popular Front government and on his return he campaigned against General Francisco Franco and the Nationalist Army . As well as being in favour of intervention in Spain Heath was a strong opponent of the appeasement policy of Neville Chamberlain . Although a member of the Conservative Party , Heath supported his university tutor, A. D. Lindsay , the anti-appeasement candidate in the Oxford by-election in October, 1938. The following year he was elected as president of the Oxford Union. Heath was called up to the British Army in August, 1940. After receiving training at Storrington in Sussex, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in March 1941 and was posted to the 107 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment based in Chester. Following the D-Day landings, Heath's regiment arrived in France on 6th July, 1944. Over the next few months he was involved in heavy fighting in Belgium , Netherlands and Germany . He also took part in Operation Veritable, the action to capture the land between the rivers of the Rhine and the Maas. As a result of this action he was awarded the military MBE and was mentioned in dispatches. Heath remained in Germany after the war and attended the Nuremberg Trials in 1946. A member of the Conservative Party , Heath worked as news editor of the Church Times. In 1948 he went to work for the finance house of Brown, Shipley and Company. In the 1950 General Election Heath won Bexley with a majority of 133. A committed European, Heath made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 26th June in favour of the Schuman Plan . He ended his speech with the words: "It was said long ago in the House that magnanimity in politics is not seldom the truest wisdom. I appeal tonight to the government to follow that dictum, and to go into the Schuman Plan to develop Europe and to coordinate it in the way suggested. Heath showed that he was on the left of the party with an article in the seminal Conservative pamphlet, One Nation (1950). However, after being appointed as deputy chief whip in 1953 he had to remain silent in the House of Commons . In 1955 Anthony Eden appointed Heath as his Chief Whip and had the task of persuading Conservative MPs to support the government during the Suez Crisis . Later he served as Minister of Labour (1959-60) under Harold Macmillan . As Lord Privy Seal he led the British team negotiating entry into the Common Market. A passionate European he was devastated when Charles De Gaulle vetoed Britain's entry in 1963. In the Alec Douglas-Home administration Heath was President of the Board of Trade. The Labour Party won the 1964 General Election and the following year Heath defeated Enoch Powell and Reginald Maudling to become leader of the Conservative Party . In 1965 Heath supported attempts by Harold Wilson to bring down the white minority regime in in Rhodesia . This upset Conservatives on the right and Heath had to deal with a rebellion led by Lord Salisbury. Heath lost the 1966 General Election to Harold Wilson . In 1968 Wilson's popularity slumped after Enoch Powell made his "rivers of blood" speech on immigration. Instead of supporting the use of the race issue to gain favour with the British electorate, Heath sacked Powell as a member of the shadow cabinet. The Conservative Party won the 1970 General Election with a majority of 30 seats. Heath now became prime minister and immediately made the third British application to join the European Economic Community (ECC). On 28th October, 1971, the House of Commons voted with a 112 majority to go into Europe. However, many in his party was unhappy with this policy and it created deep


What name is given to the handiwork made from the byproducts of harvesting marine mammals?

There Be Whales Capt'n! - Ripley's Believe It or Not! Otelo — October 21, 2011 Sperm Whale Teeth Carvings Scrimshaw is the name given to handiwork created by whalers made from the byproducts of harvesting marine mammals. It is most commonly made out of the bones and teeth of sperm whales, the baleen of other whales, and the tusks of walruses. Scrimshaw carvings It takes the form of elaborate engravings in the form of pictures and lettering on the surface of the bone or tooth, with the engraving highlighted using a pigment, or, less often, small sculptures made from the same material. However the latter really fall into the categories of ivory carving, for all carved teeth and tusks, or bone carving. The making of scrimshaw began on whaling ships between 1745 to 1759 on the Pacific Ocean, and survived until the ban on commercial whaling.   Narwhals: The Unicorns of the Sea The Narwhal (scientific name: Monodon monoceros) is one of two species of cetaceans in the family of white whales (Monodontidae); the other being the Beluga. A pod of narwhals “Believe it or Not the Narwhal’s tusk are the only thing in nature that spiral counter-clock-wise, every thing else spirals clock-wise”Famous for its unicorn-like single tusk, Narwhals have inspired legends in many cultures and throughout history have been revered across the world. The tusk is just an overgrown left tooth, since narwhals only have two teeth. Only males grow the unicorn-like tusk.


Catherine Morland is a leading character in which novel?

SparkNotes: Northanger Abbey: Themes, Motifs, and Symbols Themes, Motifs, and Symbols Themes Gothic novels Most literary critics refer to Northanger Abbey as Jane Austen's "Gothic parody" because it satirizes the form and conventions of the Gothic novels that were popular during the time when Austen wrote Northanger Abbey. In particular, Austen is said to have targeted Anne Radcliffe, the author of gothic novels such as A Sicilian Romance (1790), The Romance of the Forest (1791), and The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794). Catherine reads Udolpho during her time at Bath, and it is implied that she has read similar novels before, and Isabella has a library of other Gothic novels that the women plan to read once Catherine has finished Udolpho. Gothic novels and their conventions occur throughout the novel. On the ride from Bath to Northanger Abbey, Henry invents a humorous hypothetical story about Catherine's first night in Bath, making subtle references to several different Gothic novels, most of which were well-known at the time (consult an annotated edition of Northanger Abbey for a list of the references and the works they come from). Aside from Henry's parody of gothic novels on the way to Northanger Abbey, two other sequences poke fun at the genre. In once, Catherine unlocks the mysterious cabinet, expecting it to contain something horrible, and finds only laundry bills. In another, Catherine imagines that the General is a wife-murderer and goes to investigate the late Mrs. Tilney's bedroom. When Henry catches her at this task and scolds her, it is not amusing, as is Catherine's discovery of the laundry bills. We feel sympathy for Catherine, who is terribly embarrassed in front of Henry. In the scenes leading up to the confrontation with Henry, it is almost disturbing to read of Catherine's paranoid assumptions that everything the General does stems from a guilty conscience. Catherine becomes almost unhinged by her own imagination. Although the actual crime turns out to be nonexistent, Austen captures some of the psychological tension typical of Gothic novels by chronicling Catherine's delusions. So although she parodies the gothic genre, Austen also makes use of some of its techniques. Some of the novel has nothing to do with Gothic novels and conventions. The first half of Northanger Abbey takes place entirely at the resort town of Bath, and has nothing to do with Gothic novels. This first half resembles Emma or Mansfield Park more than it does The Mysteries of Udolpho. Youth Northanger Abbey is concerned with young people and their feelings. Heroines in other Austen novels—Elizabeth Bennett in Pride and Prejudice and Emma Woodhouse in Emma, for example—are a little older than Catherine, and are not as naïveté as she. Northanger Abbey portrays Catherine in situations common to teenagers: she faces peer pressure when James, Isabella and John urge her to join them on their carriage trips, for example, and must contend with the bullying John Thorpe. Austen plays the youthful Catherine against the older, more experienced Henry Tilney. There are several instances in which the adults comment on the young people, either chuckling at their behavior or criticizing it. Many readers can sympathize with Catherine once she returns home and immediately becomes sulky and obstinate with her parents—particularly her mother, who starts gently nagging her daughter right away. Motifs Reading There are two kinds of reading in Northanger Abbey: reading books and letters, and reading people. Catherine Morland is young and naïve, and she has a hard time distinguishing between the two types of reading. Before Catherine can really enter the world of adulthood, she needs to improve her ability to read people as well as novels. Throughout Northanger Abbey, Catherine finds herself unable to "read between the lines." She does not notice the obvious romance developing between James and Isabella, she does not understand why Frederick Tilney gets involved, she has no idea why the General is so kind to her. All of these behaviors and motivations are clear


Whose symphony no3 is subtitled 'Scottish'?

San Francisco Symphony - MENDELSSOHN: Symphony No. 3 in A minor, Opus 56, Scottish San Francisco Symphony Music Then and Now: Twentieth Century and Contemporary Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 3 in A Minor, Opus 56, Scottish Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn was born in Hamburg on February 3, 1809, and died in Leipzig on November 4, 1847. Following the Mendelssohn family’s conversion from Judaism to Lutheranism—the children in 1816, the father in 1822—they appended the second name of Bartholdy to their surname; accordingly, the composer is often referred to as Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. Although he made a short preliminary sketch in August 1829, Mendelssohn composed his Scottish Symphony in earnest from late 1840 to January 20, 1842, and it was premiered on March 3, 1842, with the composer conducting the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. After slight revision, the work was re-introduced in what would be its final form on March 17, under the direction of Karl Bach, conductor at the Leipzig Opera. It was introduced in the US by George Loder and the New York Philharmonic on November 22, 1845. The San Francisco Symphony first played the work under the direction of Alfred Hertz in December 1921. The most recent performances, in January 2010, were conducted by David Robertson. Mendelssohn dedicated the score to “H.M. Queen Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland.” It calls for an orchestra of two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, timpani, and strings. Performance time: about forty minutes. Felix Mendelssohn was born into a family that was both cultured and wealthy. His grandfather was the noted philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, and his father, Abraham, was a supremely successful banker (one remembered for his astute observation that he was destined to go down in history as his father’s son and his son’s father). As a result, young Felix, his gifted sister Fanny Cäcilie, and their younger sister Rebekka and brother Paul enjoyed certain advantages as they moved through their childhood. Even as youngsters, the Mendelssohn children associated with the rich and famous, received well-rounded educations from the best teachers imaginable, and traveled widely. One of the many pleasant perks young Mendelssohn enjoyed was having a private orchestra at his disposal to try out his new compositions at every-other-Sunday musicales instituted in 1822 at the family home in Berlin (the Mendelssohns having moved there from Hamburg in 1811). The composer’s early works were unveiled at these gatherings, among them several of his twelve completed string symphonies, ebullient compositions that chart his progress towards increasing subtlety and refinement in manipulating orchestral forces. The last of the string symphonies was introduced at the end of December 1823. Three months later Mendelssohn, who had just turned fifteen, completed his first symphony for full orchestra, the Symphony No. 1 in C minor (Opus 11), a youthful work still but nonetheless meriting an opus number and, with it, admission to the canon of his “mature” works. Four symphonies would follow Mendelssohn’s string symphonies and his Symphony No. 1, though not in the order that their eventual numbering implies. The next to be written was the Reformation Symphony, mostly composed in 1829-30 and premiered in 1832, but not published until 1868, when it was identified as the fifth of Mendelssohn’s symphonies. The Italian Symphony followed in 1832, but publication waited until 1851 (four years after the composer’s death), when it was assigned position number four among the symphonies. The Symphony No. 2, a sort of symphonic cantata subtitled Lobgesang—Song of Praise—was the next to be written (in 1841, with publication the following year), and the Symphony No. 3 came last, being completed in 1842 and premiered in 1843. The official numbering of Mendelssohn’s symphonies reflects their publication dates; a chronological lineup based on order of composition would run 1, 5, 4, 2, 3. Though he did not embark on its composition in any sustained way until 1840, Mendelss


Anthophobia is the irrational fear of what?

Anthophobia - Fear of Flowers By Lisa Fritscher - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. Updated June 09, 2015 Question: What Is the Fear of Flowers? Answer: Not to be confused with anthropophobia , or the fear of people, anthophobia is the name given to a fear of flowers. Some people are afraid of all flowers, while others fear only one or more specific types of flowers. So what can cause anthophobia? Often, the culprit is a previous negative experience with flowers. For example, you may have seen a scary scene in a film or TV show that involved flowers (perhaps ?) or even having watched a parent being afraid of flowers can be enough to plant the seed for anthophobia to develop later in life. Some people cannot trace their fear to a specific event at all, but in the end, it's not really necessary to discover the cause in order to treat this phobia. Anthophobia and Medical Concerns Plants can cause allergies and skin reactions in sensitive individuals. If you suffer from a medical condition that's triggered by one or more flowers, well... avoiding those flowers is a good way to keep yourself healthy. By definition, a justified fear is not diagnosable as a phobia, which is considered an irrational fear.  Nonetheless, it is possible for those with medical concerns to take their fears too far and even develop a legitimate phobia. If you are sensitive to only one or two flowers yet begin to avoid all flowers, your fear is no longer reasonable and justified. It can be difficult to tell when a healthy avoidance becomes an unhealthy phobia, so professional guidance may be appropriate. Anthophobia and Related Fears For some people, the fear of flowers is actually based in another phobia. Those with the fear of germs might be afraid of contamination from soil. Those who fear bees or other insects may worry that flowers are infested with bugs. People with food phobias might be afraid of flowers that are used in cooking. In these cases, treating the underlying phobia generally eliminates the anthophobia. However, it can be difficult to determine exactly which phobia is involved. Additionally, many people suffer from more than one phobia. A trained mental health professional can tease out the various issues and develop an individualized treatment plan that addresses all of the concerns - if your life is being heavily impacted by any phobia, get in touch with a mental health specialist today. Source: American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Continue Reading


In Greek mythology who is the God of Death?

THANATOS - Greek God of Death (Roman Mors) THANATOS Translation Death (thanatos) Thanatos, Hypnos, Hermes and the body of Sarpedon, Athenian red-figure calyx krater C6th B.C., Metropolitan Museum of Art THANATOS was the god or personified spirit (daimon) of non-violent death. His touch was gentle, likened to that of his twin brother Hypnos (Sleep).  Violent death was the domain of Thanatos' blood-craving sisters, the Keres , spirits of slaughter and disease. Thanatos plays a prominent role in two myths. Once when he was sent to fetch Alkestis (Alcestis) to the underworld, he was driven off by Herakles in a fight. Another time he was captured by the criminal Sisyphos (Sisyphus) who trapped him in a sack so as to avoid death. In Greek vase painting Thanatos was depicted as a winged, bearded older man, or more rarely as a beardless youth. He often appears in a scene from the Iliad, opposite his brother Hypnos (Sleep) carrying off the body of Sarpedon. In Roman sculptural reliefs he was portrayed as a youth holding a down-turned torch and wreath or butterfly which symbolised the soul of the dead. FAMILY OF THANATOS PARENTS [1.1] NYX (no father) (Hesiod Theogony 212, Homer Iliad 14.250, Pausanias 5.18.1, Seneca Hercules Fur. 1068) [1.2] EREBOS & NYX (Hyginus Preface, Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.17) ENCYCLOPEDIA THA′NATOS (Thanatos), Latin Mors, a personification of Death. In the Homeric poems Death does not appear as a distinct divinity, though he is described as the brother of Sleep, together with whom he carries the body of Sarpedon from the field of battle to the country of the Lycians. (Il. xvi. 672, xiv. 231.) In Hesiod (Theog. 211, &c. 756) he is a son of Night and a brother of Ker and Sleep, and Death and Sleep reside in the lower world. (Comp. Virg. Aen. vi. 277.) In the Alcestis of Euripides, where Death cones upon the stage, he appears as an austere priest of Hades in a dark robe and with the sacrificial sword, with which he cuts off a lock of a dying person, and devotes it to the lower world. (Alcest. 75, 843, 845.) On the whole, later poets describe Death as a sad or terrific being (Horat. Carm. i. 4. 13, Sat. ii. 1. 58), but the best artists of the Greeks, avoiding any thing that might be displeasing, abandoned the ideas suggested to them by the poets. and represented Death under a more pleasing aspect. On the chest of Cypselus, Night was represented with two boys, one black and the other white (Paus. v. 18. § 1), and at Sparta there were statues of both Death and Sleep. (iii. 18. § 1.) Both were usually represented as slumbering youths, or as genii with torches turned upside down. There are traces of sacrifices having been offered to Death (Serv. ad Aen. xi. 197; Stat. Theb. iv. 528; Lucan, vi. 600; Philostr. Vit. Apoll. v. 4), but no temples are mentioned anywhere. PAEAN (Paian, Paiêôn or Paiôn), that is, "the healing." The name was used in the more general sense of deliverer from any evil or calamity (Pind. Pyth. iv. 480), and was thus applied to Apollo and Thanatos, or Death, who are conceived as delivering men from the pains and sorrows of life. (Soph. Oed. Tyr. 154 ; Paus. i. 34. § 2 ; Eurip. Hippol. 1373.) With regard to Apollo and Thanatos however, the name may at the same time contain an allusion to paiein, to strike, since both are also regarded as destroyers. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 137.) Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES PARENTAGE OF THANATOS Hesiod, Theogony 21 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "And Nyx (Night) bare hateful Moros (Doom) and black Ker (Violent Death) and Thanatos (Death), and she bare Hypnos (Sleep) and the tribe of Oneiroi (Dreams). And again the goddess murky Nyx, though she lay with none, bare Momos (Blame) and painful Oizys (Misery), and the Hesperides . . . Also she bare the Moirai (Moirae, Fates) and the ruthless avenging Keres (Death-Fates) . . . Also deadly Nyx bare Nemesis (Envy) to afflict mortal men, and after her, Apate (Deceit) and Philotes (Friendship) and hateful Geras (Old Age) and hard-hear


Who was the team principal of the Renault Fl team who resigned following the 'Crashgate scandal' in 2009?

"Renault Consider Future after Crashgate Scandal" - The Evening Standard (London, England), September 22, 2009 | Online Research Library: Questia Article excerpt Byline: Matt Majendie Sports Correspondents RENAULT will make a decision in the next few days over their future in Formula One in the wake of yesterday's FIA ruling. The team were handed a two-year suspended sentence after opting not to contest charges of race fixing at last year's Singapore Grand Prix. Renault F team president Bernard Rey continually dodged questions over the manufacturer's future in the sport following the decision in Paris but, in a statement, the team said they would "issue further information in the next few days". Speculation has been mounting that they could walk away from the sport, but ex-F driver Martin Brundle, who drove for the team in their former guise as Benetton in , said he was confident they would still be on the grid next season. The BBC pundit said: "Hopefully Renault will stay in the sport -- they need to. Renault will actually feel slightly relieved as a suspended twoyear ban means nothing for them. They're very powerful in the world of motorsport and we don't need them leaving F1." The more likely outcome is that the French manufacturer will name a new team principal to take over from Flavio Briatore, who had resigned from his post last week and has now been banned from F indefinitely. Four-time world champion Alain Prost, who drove for Renault from , is the current favourite to take over the post in his native France although insists he has yet to open formal talks with the team. Describing the possibility of rejoining the team as an "honour", he dismissed reports linking him to the post as "rumours" and said that "no one from Renault had been in contact". Other figures being touted to take over from Briatore include Olivier Quesnel, the man behind Sebastien Loeb's dominance in the World Rally Championship, and ex-F bosses David Richards, who brought current world championship leader Jenson Button to BAR, and Craig Pollock. … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details


Dhole (Cuon Alpinus) - Animals - A-Z Animals Five groups that classify all living things Animalia A group of animals within the animal kingdom Chordata A group of animals within a pylum Mammalia A group of animals within a class Carnivora A group of animals within an order Canidae A group of animals within a family Cuon Comprised of the genus followed by the species Cuon Alpinus The animal group that the species belongs to Mammal What kind of foods the animal eats Carnivore How long (L) or tall (H) the animal is 75cm - 110cm (29in - 43in) The measurement of how heavy the animal is 12kg - 20kg (26lbs - 44lbs) The fastest recorded speed of the animal 72.4km/h (45mph) How long the animal lives for 10 - 13 years Whether the animal is solitary or sociable Pack The likelihood of the animal becoming extinct Endangered The colour of the animal's coat or markings Grey, Black, White, Brown, Tan, Gold, Red The protective layer of the animal Fur The specific area where the animal lives Dry forest and thick jungle The average number of babies born at once 8 Other animals that hunt and eat the animal Tigers, Leopards, Humans Characteristics unique to the animal Bushy tail and distinctive calls Dhole Location Map of Asia Dhole The dhole (also known as the Asiatic Wild Dog , Indian Wild Dog and the Red Dog) is an endangered wild dog native to the jungles of Asia . Although the dhole is very similar in appearance to the African Wild dog and the Bush dog , the dhole is the only member of it's genus. Historically, the dhole was found though East and Southern Asia , from the Russian far east right down to Sumatra, and although today the range of the dhole has been significantly reduced, the dhole inhabits a wide variety of habitats including thick, deciduous woodlands to jungles and tropical rainforests. There are three different species of dhole that are very similar in characteristics and only really differ in location and fur colour . Although a dominant predator within their environment , the dhole populations have been heavily affected by disease introduced by domesticated animals such as cats and dogs. Like other medium-sized canines, the dhole is a highly sociable animal that spends it's life as part of a pack. The dhole is well-known for the vocal calls that it uses to communicate with it's pack. It is said that the repetitive whistles of the dhole are so distinctive that individuals animals can be easily identified by their calls. The dhole is a carnivorous and fairly dominant predator within it's natural environment , working as part of a pack to try and bring down larger prey to feed the whole group . The majority of the dhole's diet however is made of smaller animals including lizards , frogs and rodents. Due to the dominant nature of the dhole and the fact that it often has protection from it's pack, there are few animals that are of any threat to the dhole in the wild. Large wild cats such as tigers and leopards are the only natural predators of the dhole , as the biggest threat to the world's dhole populations has been from humans. After breeding, female dholes give birth to between 5 and 12 pups after a two month long gestation period . Dhole pups grow rapidly and are cared for by both their parents, and by other adult dholes in the pack. The dhole pups begin to hunt when they are a few months old and reach adult size by the time they are about a year and a half old. Today, the dhole is endangered in the wild as populations have been reduced to less than 2,000 individuals across their native territories. The main reason for the severe decline in the dhole population numbers is thought to be through habitat loss and hunting from humans . Share This Article


In which city is Da Vinci's Last Supper on display?

Priority access to this very popular attraction Fascinating insights into the painting and its history Time to fully appreciate the spectacle WHAT TO EXPECT You’ve just walked past all the people waiting in line. Welcome to one of the world’s most celebrated paintings by one of the world’s greatest ever geniuses. You may know the image, but how well do you know the facts? What is ironic about the location of the painting? How is the Last Supper not a fresco? What happened to some of the figures’ eyes? How does the painting work structurally? What are some of the conspiracy theories? How do we recognize da Vinci’s genius? Learn the answers to these questions and more as your expert, English-speaking Musement guide reveals the mysteries of the picture Italians call the Cenacolo. Read more Exclusive English-speaking expert guide provided by Musement Skip-the-line entrance to Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper Read more REDUCED PRICE Infants 12 months and under: free admission only if they are carried and not in a stroller Children 13 months-18 years old: full price WHAT'S NOT INCLUDED Read more WHERE Corso Magenta, 68, 20123 Milano, Italy VIEW MAP The meeting place is in Piazza Santa Maria delle Grazie (just in front of the entrance to the Last Supper) WHAT TO REMEMBER Our tour starts 30 minutes before the time reported on the calendar. Please be sure to arrive at least 30 minutes before at the meeting point Check the booking calendar for availability because the tour is available only on certain dates and times You are allowed to take pictures (without flash) of the Last Supper The Last Supper has a dress code: shoulders and knees must be covered and men should wear full-length trousers WHEN Meet 30 minutes before the scheduled start of your tour Tours run Tuesday-Sunday 8.15am-7.45pm


Which chemical element, No 36, is named for the Greek for 'hidden one'?

BBC Science - The periodic table: how elements get their names The periodic table: how elements get their names By Christopher Brooks BBC Scotland Most people could name many of the elements, but how many of us know how they got those names? Each of the 115 known chemical elements was discovered over the last few thousand years, from before recorded history began to the nuclear laboratories of the 21st century. British scientists and the elements Humphry Davy discovered nine elements using electrolysis - the splitting up of compounds into elements by applying electricity. William Ramsay discovered a new group of unreactive elements using spectroscopy , now called the noble gases. William Crookes identified helium for the first time, and also discovered thallium . Their chosen names were influenced by an ever changing mix of language, culture and our understanding of chemistry. So how did they get these names? And why do they end in -ium? Ancient Elements Several elements' names have Anglo-Saxon language origins, including gold, iron, copper and silver. These metals were known long before they got these names, however. Gold can be found in its pure form in nature and although iron is usually found in ores which require smelting, the earliest known iron artefacts, from 3500 BCE, derive from purer metal from meteorites. The Latin names of these elements are commemorated in their atomic symbols, Au (aurum) for gold and Fe (ferrum) for iron. The Romans began the practise of element names ending in "-um," with Victorian scientists continuing the trend. Meteoric iron was used by humans before smelting of iron ores was invented. Element of uncertainty Since 1947, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) has had the responsibility for approving elements' names, and deciding the single internationally recognised symbol for each element. Before this, there were multiple historical occasions of elements being given several names, usually due to simultaneous discovery or uncertainty over a discovery. The name of element 41 was not agreed for 150 years. It was called columbium in America and niobium in Europe until IUPAC finally decided the official name would be niobium in 1949. Dr Fabienne Meyers, Associate Director of IUPAC, explains the current naming process : To start with, "the discoverers are invited to propose a name and a symbol." "For linguistic consistency, the recommended practice is that all new elements should end in '-ium'," she adds. The sake of naming an element is essentially to avoid confusion.” End Quote Dr Fabienne Meyers Associate Direcor, IUPAC "Since the sake of naming an element is essentially to avoid confusion, it is important to ensure that the proposed name is unique and has not been used earlier even unofficially or temporarily for a different element." "After examination and acceptance by the division - which includes a public review period of five months - the name and symbol are then submitted to the IUPAC Council for approval." The name is then published in the scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry . Actinium to zirconium A common source of names both now and historically, over a quarter of the elements are named after a place, often where they were discovered or synthesised. These places range in size from continents (europium) and countries (americium, francium, polonium) to the the Scottish village Strontian (strontium). Because of the great wealth of discoveries made there, four elements are named after the Swedish mining village, Ytterby (ytterbium, yttrium, erbium and terbium). There is just one element that wasn't first discovered on Earth, and it too is named after its place of the discovery - helium, from the Greek word for Sun, helios. Myth and legend Dmitri Mendeleev published the periodic table in its modern form. About a dozen elements take their name directly from legends, including titanium, arsenic and tantalum. Nickel and cobalt are named after 'devil' and 'kobold', from the Germanic folk belief that malign creatures snuck into mines to replace valuable


Which Shakespeare play takes place in the Kingdom of Navarre?

Love's Labour's Lost By Michael J. Cummings...ï¿½ 2003 . King Ferdinand of Navarre and             three of his lordsï¿½Dumain,             Longaville, and Berowne (also called Biron in             some editions of Shakespeareï¿½s plays)ï¿½decide to abandon the pleasures             of the world for three years to pursue knowledge             and keep company only with books in order to gain everlasting fame as scholars. The king             says, ï¿½Our court shall be a little Academe /             Still and contemplative in living artï¿½             (1.2.14-15). Ferdinand has drawn up a contract             outlining the conditions under which they are to             live. Longaville is the first to sign it,             saying, The mind              shall banquet, though the body pine: Fat paunches have lean pates, and              dainty bits Make rich the ribs, but bankrupt              quite the wits. (1.1.27-29) Dumain then signs the contract,             declaring ï¿½To love, to wealth, to pomp, I pine             and dieï¿½ (1.1.33). Berowne, however, balks at             the strictness of the contract. First, it             forbids all discourse with women. Next, it             requires the four men to fast one day a week and             eat but one meal on the other days. Finally, it             dictates that they may sleep no more than three             hours a night. But after the king tells Berowne             their study time will yield hidden pearls of             knowledge, Berowne, too, signs the contract.  One             of its conditionsï¿½the             prohibition of womenï¿½applies to every man in the             service of the king, not just to the king and             his three fellow scholars. The only diversion             they will have from their studies will be             provided by the kingï¿½s clown, Costard, and a             Spanish knight, Don Adriano de Armado. The king             says Don Adriano knows many entertaining tales             and has a way with words. In truth, though, Don             Adriano is little more than a pompous buffoon             who cannot even out-duel his own page, Moth, in             a battle of wits (1.2.3-69).  (Don Adriano             appears to symbolize King Philip of Spain and             his vaunted Armada, which was defeated by the             English in 1588. Through Adriano, Shakespeare             pokes fun at Philip.) After             the contract takes effect, Costard violates it             by wooing a comely maid named Jaquenetta. Don             Adriano, who has seen them together on the             grounds of the kingï¿½s estate, tattles on Costard             in a letter to the king. Adriano isnï¿½t just             trying to be a good citizen; heï¿½s trying to save             Jaquenetta for himself. He loves her with a             passion that has driven him to poetry. Costard             is taken into custody and sentenced to a diet of             bran and water for one week.   .Soon             thereafter, the beautiful Princess of France             arrives at Navarre on a diplomatic mission in             which she and the king are to discuss a             financial matterï¿½specifically,             whether France owes Navarre money, as the king             contends, or whether France has already paid the             debt, as the princess contends.


Which group from Abingdon has issued albums 'Hail to the thief and 'In Rainbows'?

RADIOHEAD: Hail to the Thief 06:47 Hail to the Thief Radiohead began recording the follow-up to 'Amnesiac' in April 2002. Colin Greenwood said in March 2002 that work will begin on new music in just a matter of weeks. He commented: "We're going to start work again in April. We're going to give it a bit more of a break than the last time. We're planning to play some shows in Europe in the summer and we'll take it from there." The shows are aimed at road-testing new material recorded in studio sessions booked to start April 2002. The intention is to play to hardcore fans, rather than what they see would be a larger, potentially more apathetic festival audience. Guitarist Jonny Greenwood previously said that the gigs are "to let [Radiohead] get their shit together" and allow the songs the chance to evolve, while fellow band member Ed O'Brien explained that they want to be "pretty self-indulgent" Ed O'Brien added: "We don't know what it will be like yet. You get asked this question before you make a record and we just don't know. So many times you say it's going to be the three minute pop song record, and other times you say it's the prog rock record and it never turns out that way. We'll just get back into rehearsal and then back into the studio and we'll see what happens." The sessions engineered by Graeme Stewart, who lent a hand on both Kid A and Amnesiac, as well as producing the highly experimental Amnesiac b-sides. The band is likely to reteam with Nigel Godrich for more recording further down the road. While little is known about the new material aside from a handful of tunes sporadically previewed on the Amnesiac tour, one need only examine the band's current listening diet to deduce the future direction of Radiohead. Or not: "We're listening to a lot of guitar music at the moment," guitarist Ed O'Brien told Worldpop. "I like a lot of the new bands like Electric Soft Parade." Of course, Ed also dropped the names of the White Stripes and the Strokes, and he's been saying the next Radiohead album is going to have a big guitar sound since, well, since 1997. Thom Yorke, meanwhile, has been listening to equal doses of Tim Buckley and glitch. Guitarist/keyboardist Jonny Greenwood has been learning both accordian and trumpet. In fact, the guys have been stocking up on all manner of "software, strange instruments, and synths" for the new recordings, according to our sources. Among the new-ish material performed on the Amnesiac tour were the anthemic "Reckoner" (a hooky riff-rocker in its sole performance last year-- who knows how it'll turn out once Yorke sics his ProTools on it), but Phil has said that 'Reckoner' is 'dead and burried'. "Follow Me Around," a holdover from the post-OK Computer period, and "Wicked Child" (actually debuted on their 2002 tour after being played only once at the band's 2000 webcast). The official Radiohead site posted several lyrics and lyric fragments from the works in progress, with bits of "Reckoner," "Bring on the New Blood," "Keep the Wolf from the Door," and "Up on the Ladder" among other, untitled snippets of Yorkespeak. Colin talks about their plans for the new album "We fly to LA at the end of august. (Longtime producer) Nigel Godrich rents a space there. We're going to spend two weeks working. The plan is like with OK Computer' We'll have loads of songs we know and it'll just be (mimes dumping a pile of books on the table)... there!" He thinks about this: "It means that we'll be in America for September 11. Which will be interesting" Jonny Greenwood said: "We're going to LA to record to the new album. No, it's not very 'Radiohead', but we recorded the last album in a cold northern Europe location because we thought it was us. It wasn't. So we'll try this." Joking about it being a West Coast album in the style of The Eagles or Lynyrd Skynyrd Jonny said:"Well Phil's singing, so it could work out that way," Thom: "Well, the idea is not to use any computers on this record. (Mirthless laugh) Ha!, we'll see how long that lasts." Thom Yorke did two solo perfomances for the Bridge School Benef


The French Football Ligue 1 team Marseille have which other name in their title?

Ligue 1: Winners and Losers – PSG and Nice lit up the league, but Stade de Reims failed to deliver their potential – The Offside Rule Posted on May 17, 2016 by lakirk41 in Andrew Gibney , European Football , Latest // 0 Comments The Offside Rule’s French football expert, Andrew Gibney, gives his thoughts on the Ligue 1 season following last weekend’s final round of matches. Embed from Getty Images The curtain has drawn on the 2015/16 Ligue 1 season. we still have the Coupe de France final between Paris Saint-Germain and Olympique de Marseille to come at the weekend, but for the other 18 clubs, the focus now moves to the next campaign. From the outside, it would have been easy to lose interest in the league with PSG galloping away with the title so easily. However, with two more Champions League places, Europa League qualification and relegation to sort, it was a fantastically enjoyable campaign from 2nd to 20th. Let’s look at some of the winners and losers from the season. Winners: Paris Saint-Germain You can’t ignore them – they are the French champions for the fourth straight season and they did it with a ruthlessness and no-nonsense approach that has to be admired. Last season PSG struggled at the start, letting other clubs join the battle before pulling away at the end. No chance of that this season. PSG won their opening four games, didn’t lose til February and finished with a remarkable +83 goal difference. Zlatan Ibrahimovic was sensational in his last campaign for the club. He scored 38 league goals, a new club record, and in the process became their all-time leading goal scorer – not a bad way to leave. They are heavily fancied to complete their second straight quadruple against Marseille on Saturday – it’s a brave punter that bets against them. Losers: Stade de Reims Corks were popping all over the Champagne region at the start of the campaign, but it has ended flat and tasteless. Stade de Reims won four of their first five games and only lost once in their opening eight fixtures, including taking a point off PSG. But following the 1-0 win over Lille in September, Olivier Guegan’s team lost six straight and only picked up three points once before the start of February. Despite losing seven of their last nine games, the two-time European Cup finalists still had a chance of survival on the final day. They did their part, beating Lyon 4-1 at the Stade Auguste Delaune, but two goals in the last 10 minutes from Toulouse against Angers gave their relegation rivals a vital win and there was nothing Reims or caretaker boss David Guion could do. In the end, Reims just weren’t good enough. They have the talent, but they just couldn’t put it all together. Winners: OGC Nice Everyone knows Hatem Ben Arfa, and the English press have been clambering all over themselves to tell Newcastle United fans about how well he has done for Nice this season – and he has – but he’s not the only success story. Les Aiglons finished fourth, qualifying for the Europa League, and the tactics, midfield and group of players brought together by Claude Puel all deserve plaudits too. Ben Arfa finished with 17 goals and six assists, but Valere Germain – on loan from AS Monaco – scored 14 goals and also added six assists. Where Ben Arfa has let himself down at times is not turning up when Nice needed him most. Not Germain. Last week, facing Europa League challengers Saint-Etienne with a two-man advantage and 15 minutes to go, it was the French striker that stepped up. His double, two excellent finishes, sealed the 2-0 win and secured a place in European competition. Behind those two forwards, it has been the midfield trio of Nampalys Mendy, Jean Michel Seri and Vincent Koziello that have given Nice the basis to build that success. And the blonde locks of Koziello are catching most of the attention. He looks like he should still be in school, but the 20-year-old has been a revelation this season. Strong, a good passer, and intelligent beyond his years, Koziello is a symbol of this new Nice team. This summer’s biggest challenge for Nice is keeping this


Born at Pau in France which general later became King of Sweden?

Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, King of Sweden and Norway, Marshal (1804) Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, King of Sweden and     Norway, Marshal (1804) (Born Pau, 1763 - Died, 1844) Bernadotte, Marshal of the Empire (1804), and       king of Sweden and Norway (1818-1844), existed well       before Bonaparte. He was one of the generals who could       claim to be a rival to the future Emperor. Lastly, he was       the only one of Napoleon's close relations to obtain       success strictly on his own. He is the ancestor of       several monarchs today, not only in Sweden, but also in       Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium and Denmark. The son of a Pau tailor made an astonishing rise to     power. At a young age, Bernadotte first enlisted in the     royal armies and then in the revolutionary armies. General     by 1794, he left the Army of the Rhine to lend his support     to Bonaparte in Italy in 1797. He was asked to take the     enemy flags to the Directory. After a brief mission as     ambassador to Vienna, he became minister of War under the     Directory, from July to September 1799. Bernadotte would never be an unwavering Bonaparte     supporter. He refused to take part in the 18-Brumaire coup     d'état, and thus earned the reputation of being a     radical Jacobin. As commander of the Army of the West, his     name was linked to what was called the "butter pot"     conspiracy (since the anti-Bonaparte leaflets circulated in     these pots). Then he married Désirée Clary,     Bonaparte's ex-fiancée, thus becoming brother-in-law     to Joseph Bonaparte, married to Julie Clary since 1794. Nonetheless, he was named marshal in 1804 and prince of     Pontecorvo two years later, even though he played a minor     role in major battles. During the two simultaneous battles     at Auerstädt and Jena, he was apparently long in     bringing up reinforcements. Napoleon did not hold this     against him, probably because of the Emperor's past     relationship with Désirée Clary. While pursuing the remains of the Prussian army after the     battle, Bernadotte made contacts with Swedes taken prisoner     at Lübeck. This proved to be an important step, since     on August 21, 1810, undoubtedly because of the relations he     had formed with the prisoners, he was elected crown prince     of Sweden by the Öretro States General. The Swedes     hoped to have a ruler who would have Napoleon's approval.     The Emperor did not support Bernadotte but did not oppose     him either. The new prince himself "became" completely     Swedish: he renounced Catholicism and took the affairs of     the kingdom to heart. Some wondered if he would become a traitor. In 1812, he     drew closer to Russia and entered a coalition against France     in 1813. His army beat Oudinot at Grossberen and Ney at     Dennewitz. Though he may have coveted the French throne as     it was said he did not obtain it; however the Treaty of Kiel     on January 14, 1814 granted him the throne of Norway. On     February 5, 1818, he took the name Charles XIV, King of     Sweden and Norway. The dynasty he founded still reigns in     Sweden. By Artea


Who narrated the English version of Pocoyo?

Pocoyo in English - Session 4 Ep.13-16 - YouTube Pocoyo in English - Session 4 Ep.13-16 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Apr 2, 2012 Half-Hour Pocoyo Show, featuring four continuous episodes: The Key To It All / Keep Going, Pocoyo! / Sleepy Bird's Surprise / Where's Pocoyo? MERCH: http://pocoyofficialstore.com/en Pocoyo is a curious, fun-loving, friendly toddler who's always into experiencing new and exciting adventures. Featuring core values of tolerance, respect, love and loyalty, kids around the world love to join Pocoyo's adventures with his inseparable animal friends Elly (the elephant), Pato (the duck), Loula (his pet dog) and Sleepy Bird. The POCOYO CGI-animated preschool television series, narrated by Stephen Fry, brings children into the bright and exuberant world of POCOYO, an inquisitive and fun-loving young boy, and his animal friends Elly (the elephant), Pato (the duck), Loula (his pet dog) and Sleepy Bird. Each episode of POCOYOis packed with music, dance, and humor, encouraging children to learn through laughter. Partner rating


Bitter and Twisted, Old Engine Oil and Schiehallion are brewed by which brewer based at Alva in Clackmannanshire?

Harviestoun brews up for international expansion (From HeraldScotland) Jobs Business Directory Local Info Dating Buy Sell Book an Ad Harviestoun brews up for international expansion A SCOTTISH brewery that lists chefs Tom Kitchin and James Martin among its fans will this week unveil plans to double its turnover. Harviestoun Brewery will use the Craft Beer Rising event during London Beer Week to launch a range of limited edition beers as well as promoting familiar brands such as Bitter & Twisted, Old Engine Oil and Schiehallion. Toby Knowles, who took over as managing director last year aims to grow revenues from £4 million at present to £8m over the next three years. Loading article content The brewery has already enjoyed rapid expansion, with turnover rising from £2.6m a year ago. Knowles said: "What sets us apart from other Scottish breweries is our growing presence in high-end hospitality venues in London. "Our beers, especially our craft lager, Schiehallion, are very popular with chefs and sommeliers, where the focus is on food and beer matching." As well as being sold at premium hotels in Scotland including The Balmoral, Cameron House and Gleneagles, the brewery's ales are offered at top London hostelries such as The Connaught, The Rosewood Hotel and The Square at Mayfair. Knowles plans to recruit further staff over the coming year, adding to the firm's headcount of 17 workers. He said: "We will shortly take on another sales person in London to manage current demand and engage with more hotels and restaurants. "I'll also be looking for someone to help cover the north of England and the Midlands - we're already strong in Newcastle but we want to spread beyond into Liverpool, Leeds and Manchester. "We're also considering taking on someone to manage our accelerating export business and grow it even more." The company already sells its beers in 25 countries, including Australia, the Scandinavian nations and the United States. Knowles is eyeing developing markets such as Brazil, China and South Africa, to which the firm is already exporting. He added: "We have just struck a deal with a leading super-premium hotel chain in Dubai, which I believe makes us the first small UK craft brewer to make a mark in the UAE, which is dominated by big brands." Based at Alva in Clackmannanshire, Harviestoun was founded in 1983 and was one of the pioneers of barrel-aged beers. The firm produces Ola Dubh using barrels from Highland Park distillery on Orkney and is experimenting with barrels from some of the world's top drinks producers in other categories. Knowles is also one of the founding members of The Brewers' Association of Scotland (T-BAS), the new trade body set up last month to represent beer makers north of the Border. Harviestoun - alongside Cairngorm, Fyne Ales, Inveralmond, Innis & Gunn, Stuart Brewing, West and Williams Bros - is inviting other brewers to join T-BAS to create a unified voice for the booming Scottish artisan brewing industry. Scotland has enjoyed a resurgence in its beer sector since the then Chancellor, Gordon Brown, introduced small breweries' relief in 2002, giving a tax break on excise duty to those making the equivalent of fewer than 353 barrels of beer each wee


St. Bridget of Sweden - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online St. Bridget of Sweden Author and Publisher - Catholic Online Facts Take the Saints Trivia Quiz now! Saint Birgitta was the daughter of Uppland's Lagman, Birger Petersson and his wife, Ingeborg, who was a member of the same clan as the reigning family. Birgitta's family was pious; her father went to confession every Friday and made long and arduous pilgrimages as far away as the Holy Land. Birgitta's mother died, leaving Birgitta, ten years old, Katharine, nine and a newborn baby boy, Israel. The children were sent to their maternal aunt for further education and care. It seems that as a young child, Birgitta had a dream-vision of The Man of Sorrows. This dream was very vivid. Birgitta asked Him who had done that to Him. His answer: 'All those who despise my love.' The memory of this dream never left Birgitta and may have even left an indelible mark on her sub-conscious. As was usual during the Middle Ages, Birgitta was married when she was 13 years old to a young man, Ulf Gudmarsson with whom she had eight children, four daughters and four sons, all of them survived infancy, and that was very rare at that time. When the King of Sweden, Magnus Eriksson married Blanche of Namur, he asked his kinswoman, Birgitta to come and be Lady-in Waiting and to teach the young queen the language and customs of her new country. After her years of service at Court, Birgitta and Ulf made the long pilgrimage to Santiago di Compostela. On the return journey Ulf became dangerously ill in Arras. Birgitta feared for his death and sat all night by his bed praying, and then a bishop appeared to her, promised that Ulf would recover and 'God had great things for her to do.' He told her that he was Denis, Patron of France. Ulf recovered and was able to continue his work as Lagman in the province of Närke until early in the year 1344, when he was very ill so Birgitta took him to the monks at Alvastra where he died and was buried. Birgitta remained in a little house near the abbey and she spent along hours in prayer by Ulf's grave. She said that she 'loved him like my own body.' She arranged her affairs among her children and various charities and prayed for guidance. She was 41 years old and in the abbey at Alvastra God called her 'be My Bride and My canal'. He gave her the task of founding new religious order, mainly for women. He said that the other orders had fallen into decay and this new order would be a vineyard whose wine would revivify the Church. He showed her how her abbey church was to be built, gave directions concerning the clothing and prayers of the nuns, 60 in all, who needed priests as chaplains, 13 priests, 4 deacons and 8 lay brothers. These two communities were to be ruled by an abbess, who was to represent the Blessed Virgin Mary together with the Apostles in the Upper Room in Jerusalem. King Magnus Eriksson donated a little palace and much land to the new monastery, but almost as soon she had begun altering the palace and organising the work, Christ appeared to her and asked her to go to Rome and wait there until she got the pope to return from France to Rome. She was to be there during the Holy Year 1350. Birgitta left Sweden at the end of 1349 never to return. For the rest of her life she saw visions concerning the reform of the Church, messages to kings and popes and many other persons in high places, directing them to work for the Church. It may be noted that Birgitta never wrote in the first person. She always said the she carried a message from a very High Lord. Although she had longed to become a nun, she never even saw the monastery in Vadstena. In fact, nothing she set out to do was ever realised. She never had the pope return to Rome permanently, she never managed to make peace between France and England, she never saw any nun in the habit that Christ had shown her, and she never returned to Sweden but died, worn out old lady far from home in July 1373. She can be called the Patroness of Failures. In this she was like her Lord. He was also classed as failure as


Rumex spp is the Latin name for which genus of common wild garden plant?

Rumex sanguineus var. sanguineus - Plant Finder Plant Finder Tried and Trouble-free Recommended by 1 Professionals Common Name: red-veined dock Native Range: Europe, southwestern Asia, northern Africa Zone: 5 to 8 Height: 1.00 to 1.50 feet Spread: 1.00 to 1.50 feet Bloom Time: June to July Bloom Description: Green maturing to reddish-brown Sun: Full sun Garden locations Culture Easily grown in average, medium moisture, well-drained soil in full sun. Best performance is with consistently moist soils. Soils must not be allowed to dry out. Self-seeds and can be invasive in the garden. Some gardeners prefer to remove the flower stalks immediately both to prevent self-seeding and to promote bushy leaf growth. Leaves often lose sharp leaf and stem coloration as they age and may be trimmed off to promote growth on new leaves. Plants are reportedly winter hardy to USDA Zone 6, but have survived winters in Zones 4 and 5. Plants may be directly seeded in the garden in spring. May be grown as an annual. Propagate by seed or division. Noteworthy Characteristics Rumex sanguineus, known by a number of different common names including bloody dock or red-veined dock, is a tap-rooted rosette-forming perennial of the buckwheat family that typically grows in a rounded foliage clump to 18” tall and as wide. It is native to ditches, clearings and forests in Europe and Asia, but has over time escaped gardens and naturalized in certain areas of the U. S. and Canada. It is primarily grown as a decorative foliage accent to showcase its oblong to lance-shaped medium green leaves (to 6” long) which are prominently veined with contrasting red to purple. It is also sometimes grown in vegetable/herb gardens for harvest of its edible young leaves. In early summer, tiny star-shaped flowers appear in panicles atop reddish-tinged stems growing to 30” tall. Flowers emerge green, but mature to reddish brown. Flowers are followed by reddish-brown fruit. In addition to its ornamental virtues, the young leaves of this plant are edible and add interesting color and a spinach-like taste to salads. Some people may experience mild stomach upset after ingesting the leaves however. Other species of this genus are generally regarded as much better culinary plants. Rumex acetosa meaning garden sorrel and Rumex scutatus meaning French sorrel are more often grown in herb or vegetable gardens for their leaves which are typically added to salads, soups, omelettes and sauces. Other species of Rumex are perhaps more accurately described as being invasive weeds (see Rumex crispus). Rumex is an old Roman name for certain plants in the genus. Specific epithet from Latin means bloody red in reference to the leaf veins. Var. sanguineus is uncommonly found in the wild, but is much more commonly cultivated and sold by nurseries than species plants. It is noted for having bright red to purple leaf veins. Flora of North America suggests that var. sanguineus probably arose as a mutant from the common, wild var. viridis. Problems No serious insect or disease problems. Watch for snails and slugs. Rust and leaf spot may occur. Garden Uses Attractive ornamental foliage plant for herbaceous or mixed borders. Also may be grown in herb or vegetable gardens. Pond marginal. Containers.


Who played the male lead in the 1958 film 'Bell, Book & Candle'?

Bell, Book and Candle (1958) Remind Me Bell, Book and Candle (1959) New York City has played host to a lot of esoteric fringe groups over the years so it's not hard to believe that witchcraft covens could thrive in that metropolis. And Bell, Book and Candle (1958), Richard Quine's film version of John Van Druten's popular play, has great fun with the idea that witches could blend in quite easily with the other kooks and weirdos living in the "Big Apple." Kim Novak plays an art shop owner named Gillian who takes a fancy to publisher Shepard Henderson (James Stewart) when he visits her store on Christmas Eve. Shepard quickly finds himself falling under Gillian's spell even though he is engaged to be married to Merle (Janice Rule). Romantic complications ensue before arriving at a happy ending without the aid of sorcery. Along the way we're treated to a picturesque tour of Manhattan, a beguiling music score by George Duning, James Wong Howe's atmospheric Technicolor cinematography and an assortment of oddball characters including Gillian's brother, Mickey (Jack Lemmon), a jazz-loving warlock who agrees to help an alcoholic author (Ernie Kovacs) write a book on witchcraft. Kim Novak was at the peak of her stardom in 1958. Not only was she the most popular box office star in America, thanks to her roles in Picnic (1955), The Eddy Duchin Story (1956) and Pal Joey (1957), but she was finally being treated seriously by film critics after her performance in Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo (1958). As part of the complicated negotiations over Vertigo, Novak's co-star James Stewart had agreed to team with the actress again on Bell, Book and Candle but he wasn't happy with the choice of Richard Quine for director. Novak eventually convinced Stewart to accept him but she obviously had ulterior motives - Novak and Quine had been having a secret affair for four years! Gossip columnist Hedda Hopper even printed the allegations just two days prior to the first day of shooting on Bell, Book and Candle which eventually laid to rest previous rumors that had been circulating about a torrid romance between Novak and Sammy Davis, Jr. Bell, Book and Candle was first made famous on the stage by the married acting team of Rex Harrison and Lilli Palmer. Although the film version didn't quite match the popularity of the original play, it did offer moviegoers a sparkling romantic comedy with supernatural overtones and is probably more memorable for its supporting cast than its pairing of Stewart and Novak in their second film together. Jack Lemmon (who would become a major star that same year for Some Like It Hot) practically steals the movie as Novak's bongo-playing hipster brother and Ernie Kovacs, Hermione Gingold, and Elsa Lanchester contribute to the film's quirky comic charm. During the 1959 Oscar® race, Bell, Book and Candle was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Art Direction/Set Design and Best Costume Design but lost in both categories. Producer: Julian Blaustein Screenplay: Daniel Taradash, based on the play by John Van Druten Art Direction: Cary ODell Editing: Charles Nelson Music: George Duning Cast: James Stewart (Shepard Henderson), Kim Novak (Gillian Holroyd), Jack Lemmon (Mickey Holroyd), Ernie Kovacs (Sidney Redlitch), Hermione Gingold (Mrs. De Pass), Elsa Lanchester (Queenie), Janice Rule (Merle Kittridge). C-103m. Letterboxed. Closed captioning.


In the abbrevation CAFOD - for what does the 'O' stand?

What does CAFOD stand for? We've got 5 definitions for CAFOD » What does CAFOD stand for? What does CAFOD mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: CAFOD. Filter by: What does CAFOD mean? CAFOD The Catholic Agency For Overseas Development, previously known as the Catholic Fund for Overseas Development, is the Catholic aid agency for England and Wales. It is an international aid agency working to alleviate poverty and suffering in developing countries. It is funded by the Catholic community in England and Wales, the British Government and the general public by donations. CAFOD was founded in 1962. CAFOD's aims are to promote long-term development; respond to emergencies; raise public awareness of the causes of poverty; speak out on behalf of poor communities; and promote social justice in witness to Christian faith and gospel values. It is also involved in short-term relief. It is a sponsor of the new Las Casas Institute at Blackfriars Hall, University of Oxford. CAFOD is an agency of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales and part of the Caritas International Federation which operates in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. CAFOD is a member of the DEC Disasters Emergency Committee and the British Overseas Aid Group. In 2010/11 it raised £69 million and employed 369 staff. Couldn't find the full form or full meaning of CAFOD? Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: Discuss these CAFOD abbreviations with the community: Know what is CAFOD ? Got another good explanation for CAFOD ? Don't keep it to yourself! Add it HERE! Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web! Search the web


From which piece of literature do the following lines come? 'The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea, The ploughman homeward plods his weary way'

Poetry & Remembrance: Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Poetry & Remembrance: Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Professor Belinda Jack Download this lecture There are two versions of Gray’s famous ‘Elegy written in a Country Churchyard’. They are both about how we may be remembered, a thought that often comes to us when we’re in a graveyard reading gravestones. But the poem is also about more common experiences, of isolation, of family, of ambition. Why did Gray write two versions?   Professor Belinda Jack Belinda Jack is Fellow and Tutor in French at Christ Church, University of Oxford. She features regularly in the press and media thanks to the popularity and insight of her published works, including books such as The Woman Reader, George Sand: A Woman’s Life Writ Large and Negritude and Literary Criticism: The History and Theory of "Negro-African" Literature in French. Professor Jack obtained her D.Phil. in Negritude and Literary Criticism at St John’s College, University of Oxford in 1989, having earlier obtained a degree in French with African and Caribbean Studies from the University of Kent. Her academic career over the past twenty years has been at Christ Church, University of Oxford, where she is an ‘Official Student’ (Fellow and Member of the Governing Body) and Tutor in French. Her main interest lies in French literature of the 19th and 20th centuries. As well as her five books, Professor Jack is widely published through her many articles, essays, chapters and reviews. Her recent articles and reviews have appeared in The Wall Street Journal, Literary Review, Times Literary Supplement, Times Higher Education Supplement, BBC History Magazine and Littérature. She is a regular on the BBC and international radio and television, as well as a frequent speaker at literary festivals throughout the British Isles and beyond. In 2013 Professor Jack was appointed the Gresham Professor of Rhetoric. In her first year of appointment, her Gresham College lectures were on The Mysteries of Reading and Writing . She writes of her appointment and the series: “Reading is a subject which has long fascinated me, not least because of my role in teaching undergraduate students to read ‘difficult’ literature with the greatest attention to detail, structure and internal connections. My most recent book, The Woman Reader, is a history of women’s reading from ancient times to the present day, and the writing of it deepened my interest in the subject of reading more generally. My Gresham lectures will draw on some of the material on which I based my book, including material that I didn’t have space to treat, and on the research I am currently undertaking. My primary aim will be to encourage informed reading of a wide range of material, which will make us reconsider literature, ourselves and the society in which we live.” In 2015/16, Professor Jack continues her professorship with her third lecture series entitled The Mysteries of Writing Poems and Plays. Professor Jack's previous lecture series' are as follows: This is part of the series: The Mysteries of Writing Novels and Poems Subjects Poetry & Remembrance: Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Professor Belinda Jack Thomas Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Professor Belinda Jack   Good evening and welcome. For those who haven’t been before, this is eleventh of a series of sixteen lectures on ‘the mysteries of reading and writing’. In the first six I explored reading as an activity, its history and how the manner in which we red and what we read has changed over time. I then gave four lectures on the novel as a genre, a peculiarly ‘baggy’ genre into which all sorts of human experience and ideas can be bundled. We considered various themes in relation to the four novels – morality, political history, idealism and human psychology. Tonight I will be giving the first of four lectures on poetry. Unlike the language of prose, the language of poetry is endlessly flexible. Prose is generally grammatically correct whereas poetry can br


Whernside is the highest peak in which National Park?

grough — Whernside: Yorkshire's highest point, with a hint of Cumbria Jump to comments Whernside, with the Ribblehead Viaduct in the foreground England’s biggest county can claim a few records, but when it comes to the heights of its hills, Yorkshire’s record books can be a little confusing. Join us in a quest for the highest point in modern-day Yorkshire. Distance: 14.3km (8.9 miles) Height gained: 490m (1,608ft) Time: allow about six hours Mapping and route data for this walk are available on our grough route system .  This includes the route, profile, timings and other information, which  can be customised to your own fitness levels. Key in Whernside to the route search. Note: grough walks should be used in conjunction with maps, a compass  and other navigational aids. Routes often use open access land and involve  finding your route off footpaths. Knowledge of and competence in using a  map and compass are essential when using the routes. Carry the correct  equipment for the conditions and be aware of hazards in the outdoor and upland environment. This route requires a good level of fitness. Only undertake it if it is within your capabilities. England’s biggest county can claim a few records: the highest pub in the country at Tan Hill; the highest sea cliffs on England’s east coast at Boulby, near Staithes, where they tower 200m above the sea; and, of course, Yorkshire was chosen as the venue to celebrate the opening of the country’s first national trail when Malham Moor was the site of the April 1965 gathering to declare the opening of the Pennine Way. But when it comes to the heights of its hills, Yorkshire’s record books can be a little confusing. Yorkshire, and its three former Ridings, changed substantially in 1974 when large chunks of it were ceded to Lancashire, Cumbria and Durham, and a now defunct Humberside. So the hill that was formerly the county top, the 788m (2,585ft) Mickle Fell, suddenly found itself in County Durham, and the West Riding’s highest ground, Whernside, took over at the top of the table as Yorkshire’s highest fell, its 736m (2,415ft) summit the highest point in the Broad Acres. Now, Yorkshire finds itself divided essentially into three administrative counties: North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire plus a unitary authority called the East Riding of Yorkshire, which is considerably smaller than the old riding. Confused? You’re not alone. The highest point in Yorkshire is a muddled place, as we will see. Whernside's whaleback shape shares its geology with its Three Peak neighbours Whernside, as well as being the roof of Yorkshire, is also the highest of the Three Peaks, the neighbouring fells that make up the 39km (24-mile) challenge walkers aim to complete in 12 hours or less. Less shapely than Ingleborough and Pen-y-ghent, its whaleback bulk nevertheless shares its geology with the two other mountains. And, for the discerning walker, it has plenty of charms and a great view westwards from its summit. Our route starts at Ribblehead, the settlement that consists of a pub, a station, a few former railwaymen’s cottages and a quarry plus, of course, one of the most majestically placed railway structures in England, the 24-arch, quarter-mile-long viaduct across Batty Wife Moss. Ribblehead Viaduct: impressive however you view it On summer days, Ribblehead can be a busy place, despite its lack of habitation, but there are plenty of lay-by spaces near the junction of the Ingleton to Hawes road with the Horton in Ribblesdale road, near the seemingly ever-present burger van. The moss was once home to a large shanty town housing the navvies who built the railway and viaduct and traces of the buildings can still be seen. There are interpretation boards and the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority also has a podcast to guide walkers round the site. There are also extensive cave systems around Runscar and the surrounding moorland. Set off on the broad track leaves the Hawes road just east of the Station Inn and leads under the viaduct arches. Don’t take the path leading off to t


What colour is the artist's colour called amaranth?

Amaranth Flower Pictures & Meanings - Globe Amaranth Flowers Amaranth Flowers The amaranth flower is a genus of roughly 60 species, which are all considered cosmopolitan. These annual herbs, which are native to North and South America, can grow between 1 to 6 feet in height, and are thought to be very long lasting plants. This flower, which is a member of the amaranthaceae family and amaranthoideae subfamily, is made up of a small inflorescence which blossoms from an either drooping or erect spike. Their colors range from the well known crimson red, to purple and even golden hues. Amaranth are thought to be very hardy plants which are resistant to most diseases; however, they are susceptible to frost, and are best grown in warmer weather. The amaranth flower is one of the most useful blossoms around. These plants are not only loved for their ornamental applications, but also for their use as a food source, dye and medicine. To the pre-Columbian Aztecs the amaranth flower was thought to have supernatural properties, and so it became a nutritious staple in their everyday diets. Today, the use of amaranth as food is still quite common. In Mexico, the grains are popped and mixed with a sugar solution; in Nepal, the seeds are turned into a gruel called sattoo; in both Peru and Ecuador, the seeds are used to create drinks. In Peru the seeds are fermented to create a beer called chicha; in Ecuador they a boiled and mixed with rum, which is said to regulate menstrual cycles and purify the blood. In the United States, amaranth is slowly becoming widely accepted as a natural food staple, and can be found in many health stores. In this particular part of the world, the seeds are made into cereals, popped, toasted and ground into flour which is often turned into pastas, breads and pastries. As well as being an excellent source of protein, these plants are also well loved by artisans and crafters. The flowers of the amaranthus cruentus plant were often used by the Hopi people to create dyes and food coloring which was occasionally used for ceremonial purposes. Today, these plants are frequently dried and used for a number of art projects, as they retain their shape and color even after they have lost all of their moisture. The amaranth flower is considered one of the central symbols for immortality, as its name – which is derived from the Greek language – means “unfading.” Many people present this flower by itself, not just as an attractive blossom, but to represent their unfading affection for the recipient. These flowers may also be given as garlands or crowns to express the wish of good fortune to those who receive them. Amaranth Flower Pictures We are always looking to expand our galleries. You can help us by uploading your photos today!


Later holding a cabinet post, who finished second to Harold Wilson in the 1963 Labour Party Leadership Election?

Harold Wilson | Politics | The Guardian Harold Wilson Thursday 25 May 1995 09.59 EDT First published on Thursday 25 May 1995 09.59 EDT Share on Messenger Close Lord Wilson of Rievaulx, as he came improbably to be called - will not go down in the history books as one of Britain's greatest prime ministers. But, increasingly, he will be seen as a far bigger political figure than contemporary sceptics have allowed far more representative of that uniquely ambivalent mood of Britain in the 1960s and a far more rounded and caring, if unfulfilled, person. It is my view that he was a remarkable prime minister and, indeed, a quite remarkable man. Cynics had a field day ridiculing him at the time of his decline. Perhaps that was inevitable given his irresistible tendency to behave like the master of the Big Trick in the circus ring of politics - for whom there is nothing so humiliating as to have it demonstrated, often by fellow tricksters, that the Big Trick hasn't worked. James Harold Wilson happened to be prime minister leading a left wing party at a time when the mores of post-war political and economic change in Britain (and elsewhere) were just beginning to be perceived. Arguably it was the period of the greatest social and industrial change this century, even if the people - let alone the Wilson governments - were never fully aware of the nature of that change. Social relationships across the entire class spectrum were being transformed. What with the Pill, television, fashion, life style, pleasure and leisure, there was a deepening uncertainty in the 1960s about what it all meant and where it was all leading. Harold Wilson's "burning with the white heat of technology," and other famous phrases, sought to grapple with the era while never quite understanding what was happening to him or his government in a changing Britain and a dramatically changing world. He was blamed for things he never properly understood were happening. In that sense the Wilson of the 1960s was a victim far more than a hapless architect. He lacked the deep conviction of Thatcher or De Gaulle he never possessed the philosophical and inspirational qualities of Aneurin Bevan - who, had he lived beyond 1960, would probably have been Labour's prime minister. Wilson often drifted. There was no compass, no weight of ideological baggage. But Denis Healey is wrong in his assessment of Wilson as a man who had "neither political principle" nor "sense of direction." Wilson did have both - embedded not in ideology but in his intuitive sense of decency and his powerful drive to try and spread that decency among his fellow citizens. Not classical socialist doctrine, but a profound belief that the Labour party was the instrument in his hands for the establishment of social decency. There was another curious aspect to Harold Wilson - a strange modesty. Sometimes one had the impression that he never quite believed that he had arrived at the top of the greasy pole. Just before he was due to go to the palace in 1964 after narrowly winning that memorable election, I interviewed him for the Daily Herald. We sat alone in Labour party headquarters at Transport House and I asked him how he felt. "I still can't believe it," he responded. "Just think, here I am, the lad from behind those lace curtains in the Huddersfield house you saw - here I am about to go to see the Queen and become prime minister... I still can't believe it." The cynics will dismiss that as an act. I am convinced it was genuine, vintage Wilson. Not that those lace curtains concealed a working class home of poverty and deprivation. He came from a lower middle class family. His father, James Herbert, whom Harold later had pride in bringing to Labour party conferences, was an industrial chemist who worked for ICI. But in the slump after the first world war Herbert Wilson was made redundant. It devastated the family and shaped Harold Wilson 's political mind for all time. He later confessed: "Unemployment more than anything else made me politically conscious." At Milnsbridge New Street council school he won a cou


What name is given to leather now usually made from shark and ray skin?

Stingray Leather | Roje Exotic Leather Buy Now Industry Specific All of our stingray skins are very soft, actually some of the softest within the industry. We use special chemicals and oils to insure the whitest diamond shaped eye/crowns and the most vibrant color without any green or yellow hues from using heavy chrome, inferior chemicals, or oils. Multi-eye, row stone, or guitar straps are another commercially traded species of stingray, which are spotted eagle rays. The calcium deposit run vertically through the hourglass shape of these skins. Finishes and Grading Caviar (standard) finish stingray have bumps or beads that have not been altered from nature. Stingray skins have a unique diamond shape white eye/crown in the center of each skin which is actually a calcium deposit. Each skin has two breathing holes located at the upper portion of each skin which is not considered in the grading. Stingray skins are only graded below the two breathing holes. Any area in-between the breathing holes are not considered. Stingray skins are measured from the widest area across. Sanded or polished stingray skins are commonly referred to as shagreen and are used in furniture production, wall coverings, and those interested in luxurious finished products. Sanding stingray skins will increase the price roughly 30% from the caviar finish, this is due to the fact that 30% of the skins will not adhere to the sanding and must be graded down or discarded. Size and Availability The most common sized stingray skin for production is an 11″ stingray skin. We stock 10,000 stingray skins within the U.S. in this size with 75 colors and prints. 15″ is the largest size that should be used in production. Roughly 5% of stingrays caught in the wild will yield a 15″ skin. A 15″ stingray is also the same size stingray that killed our beloved Steve Erwin a few years ago. The Industry Leader in Stingray Sales We have the largest revolving stock of stingray in the marketplace. We are always open to produce new prints and colors for clients that are past sampling and into production. Choose any color from the Pantone® color chart and or give us the image you would like printed on our production order. Production orders take 30-45 days. In addition to the 10,000 currently stocked stingray skins we have 100,000 skins in crust to insure our delivery dates in any quantity. About Stingrays Most people don’t know that Stingrays are fish. In fact, many people take excursions around the reefs of Bora Bora and Morea to swim with giant rays and actually hand feed them. All Stingrays, despite their size differences, are equipped with long, flexible whip-like tails. There are usually one or two sharp spines on the tail near the middle. These spines have sharp teeth along their edges making them barb-like, much like a fishing hook. At the base of these teeth are small glands that contain poison pockets capable of causing wounds nearly as painful and dangerous as a snake bite. Stingrays swing their tails upward to defend against predators. Stingrays live on the sandy or muddy bottoms of all warm, shallow parts of the oceans and bays. In South America, they can be found in the rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean. Stingrays also live as far as 2,000 miles above the mouth of the Amazon River. Species:


Dealing with the movement of particles, to which scientific process does Graham's Law refer?

USGS Water Science Glossary of Terms A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y A acequia--acequias are gravity-driven waterways, similar in concept to a flume. Most are simple ditches with dirt banks, but they can be lined with concrete. They were important forms of irrigation in the development of agriculture in the American Southwest. The proliferation of cotton, pecans and green chile as major agricultural staples owe their progress to the acequia system. acid--a substance that has a pH of less than 7, which is neutral. Specifically, an acid has more free hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxyl ions (OH-). acre-foot (acre-ft)--the volume of water required to cover 1 acre of land (43,560 square feet) to a depth of 1 foot. Equal to 325,851 gallons or 1,233 cubic meters. alkaline--sometimes water or soils contain an amount of alkali (strongly basic) substances sufficient to raise the pH value above 7.0 and be harmful to the growth of crops. alkalinity--the capacity of water for neutralizing an acid solution. alluvium--deposits of clay, silt, sand, gravel, or other particulate material that has been deposited by a stream or other body of running water in a streambed, on a flood plain, on a delta, or at the base of a mountain. appropriation doctrine--the system for allocating water to private individuals used in most Western states. The doctrine of Prior Appropriation was in common use throughout the arid west as early settlers and miners began to develop the land. The prior appropriation doctrine is based on the concept of "First in Time, First in Right." The first person to take a quantity of water and put it to Beneficial Use has a higher priority of right than a subsequent user. Under drought conditions, higher priority users are satisfied before junior users receive water. Appropriative rights can be lost through nonuse; they can also be sold or transferred apart from the land. Contrasts with Riparian Water Rights. aquaculture--farming of plants and animals that live in water, such as fish, shellfish, and algae. aqueduct--a pipe, conduit, or channel designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. aquifer--a geologic formation(s) that is water bearing. A geological formation or structure that stores and/or transmits water, such as to wells and springs. Use of the term is usually restricted to those water-bearing formations capable of yielding water in sufficient quantity to constitute a usable supply for people's uses. aquifer (confined)--soil or rock below the land surface that is saturated with water. There are layers of impermeable material both above and below it and it is under pressure so that when the aquifer is penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top of the aquifer. aquifer (unconfined)--an aquifer whose upper water surface (water table) is at atmospheric pressure, and thus is able to rise and fall. artesian water--groundwater that is under pressure when tapped by a well and is able to rise above the level at which it is first encountered. It may or may not flow out at ground level. The pressure in such an aquifer commonly is called artesian pressure, and the formation containing artesian water is an artesian aquifer or confined aquifer. See flowing well artificial recharge--an process where water is put back into groundwater storage from surface-water supplies such as irrigation, or induced infiltration from streams or wells. B base flow--sustained flow of a stream in the absence of direct runoff. It includes natural and human-induced streamflows. Natural base flow is sustained largely by groundwater discharges. base--a substance that has a pH of more than 7, which is neutral. A base has less free hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxyl ions (OH-). bedrock--the solid rock beneath the soil and superficial rock. A general term for solid rock that lies beneath soil, loose sediments, or other unconsolidated material. C capillary action--the means by which liquid moves through the porous spaces in a solid, such as soil, plant roots, and the cap


Whose symphony No3 is subtitled 'Rhenish'?

Vermont Symphony Orchestra Blog: Schumann Symphony No. 3, "Rhenish" Schumann Symphony No. 3, "Rhenish" Posted by Vermont Symphony Orchestra at 11:19 AM Symphony No. 3 in Eb Major Robert Schumann (1810-1856) Robert Schumann was perhaps the quintessential Romantic composer. His work is marked by lyricism, literary or other extra-musical inspiration, and a extreme self-expression. Often his pieces had personal associations – memories, feelings, specific events – of which biographers get only glimpses from the notes in his manuscripts. In his short and often tumultuous life (most of his last three years were spent in an insane asylum) he produced an incredibly diverse body of work – symphonies, songs, chamber music, piano music, choral music – usually working extremely fast during bouts of inspiration. His wife was Clara Wieck Schumann, one of the most famous piano virtuosi of the century, and the Schumanns were good friends with Felix and Fanny Mendelssohn, Brahms, Liszt, and Berlioz. For much of his career, Schumann was better known as a music critic than a composer. As a youngster, he was just as interested in poetry and literature as he was in music, and he wrote prolifically throughout his life: articles, journals, diaries (including a joint “marriage diary” with Clara), letters, etc. He founded the journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik and was its owner and editor from 1835 to 1844. In a sincere effort to represent a dialectic way of thinking, he created various characters from whose points of view he would write, in criticism and in private correspondence. Florestan, Eusebius, and Meister Raro represented for him the ability to hold and embrace simultaneously conflicting viewpoints, to respect the value of both instinctive emotion and calculated thought and always listen to the voice of moderation to balance the two. During the first parts of his compositional career, Schumann tended to explore particular genres for long periods of time, writing mostly piano music in the 1830s, songs and song cycles in 1840, symphonic works in 1841, and chamber music in 1842. His third symphony, however, was composed in November and December of 1850, the last of his four published symphonies (the fourth was initially written in 1841 and revised for publication in 1851). Its common subtitle “Rhenish” was not Schumann’s, but he would likely have approved. He had just accepted the position of Municipal Music Director in the capital of the Rhine Province, Düsseldorf, and was inspired by the good-natured outlook of the people in his new home to write a symphony that would have popular appeal, one which “here and there reflects a bit of local color.” He succeeded admirably: the first performance (under his direction on February 6, 1851) was greeted with enthusiastic cheers. The spirit of the third symphony is uplifting throughout, with themes that rise in pitch and masterful motivic development that generates consistent forward momentum. Its form is unusual, stretching the typical four-movement Romantic symphony to five. The first and last movements, marked lebhaft (lively), are traditional outer movements in their rousing characters. The second and third are less conventional in that they contrast less than the typical symphonic scherzo and adagio movements; they might even be considered more intermezzo-style pieces than full symphonic movements. Any emotional weight that might be wanting, however, is more than made up for in the remarkable fourth movement. Originally subtitled “In the character of an accompaniment to a solemn ceremony,” the additional slow movement was reported to have been inserted into the standard form in order to commemorate the elevation of Archbishop Johannes von Geissel to the rank of Cardinal at the spectacular Cologne Cathedral. The consensus of Schumann scholarship agrees, however, that the sight of the cathedral itself was the composer’s inspiration. The Cologne Cathedral was one of the largest buildings in the world at the time. Originally begun in 1248, its construction continued on and off for literally centu