Which English Protestant produced the first English translation of the Bible in 1535?

Early English Bibles - English Protestant Bibles: from Coverdale to  the King James Version & Resources English Protestant Bibles: from Coverdale to the King James Version Despite Tyndaleï¿½s fate, English Protestants still attempted to translate the Bible in their own language. In 1535, a Cambridge-educated scholar living on the Continent, Myles Coverdale, published the first complete Bible in English. His translation was based on Martin Lutherï¿½s German Bible and the Vulgate, and carried a prologue and dedication supporting Henry VIII and the Church of England. Two years later, in defiance of English law, Coverdaleï¿½s translation was being printed in London. In 1538, reversing over a century of English policy towards vernacular translations of the Bible, Henry VIII ordered that copies of the Bible in English should be placed in churches throughout the nation. A Bible translation was endorsed by Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and published the following year. Known as the Great Bible because of its size, this translation was based on the work of Tyndale and Coverdale. Cranmer also produced an English-language prayer book with scriptural text and readings for various services and rites of the new Church of England, the Book of Common Prayer, in 1549. Search the text of English Bible translations from 990-1970 using the Bible in English database During the reign of Mary I, Catholicism was reinstated as the official state religion of England. A group of Protestant scholars, fleeing persecution, found refuge in Calvinist Switzerland, where they began work on an English translation of the Bible from Greek and Hebrew, borrowing heavily from the work of Tyndale. Their New Testament appeared in 1557, followed by the printing of the entire Bible in 1560. It would not be printed in England until 1575, well into the reign of Elizabeth I. The Geneva Bible, as this translation is called, included marginal commentary and annotations which expressed Calvinist ideas. The Geneva Bible was popular in Scotland and among Puritan sects in England; over 150 editions of this translation were printed during the next 80 years. In response to the Geneva Bible, leaders of the Church of England authorized a new translation project, one that would reflect conventional religious practice and would omit the textual commentary. Matthew Parker, the archbishop of Canterbury, chaired a committee of scholars (many of whom were Anglican bishops) who produced a Bible in 1568. However, the translation, known as the Bishopï¿½s Bible, never gained the popularity of the Geneva Bible. Both the Geneva Bible and the Bishopï¿½s Bible were eventually superseded by the Authorized, or King James, version of the Bible, first published in 1611. The translation was first proposed in 1604, under the patronage of James I, who as king was also the head of the Church of England. In authorizing a new translation of the Bible, the king and other church leaders sought to minimize the controversies over interpretations of the Bible in the coexisting Geneva and Bishopï¿½s versions. Some 47 different scholars, working in six committees, collaborated on translating the original Greek and Hebrew texts, following the renderings in the Bishopï¿½s Bible. Stylistically, the translators retained much of the language which had originated with Tyndaleï¿½s translation nearly a century earlier. Upon its first publication the King James Version was adopted for reading in services in the Church of England. However, the Geneva Bible remained popular, especially among Puritan congregations. Because of its association with the Puritan regime of the Commonwealth period (1649-60), the Geneva translation fell into disfavor after the restoration of the English monarchy. Thus the King James Version came to be the sole Bible issued for use in England and the English colonies. Even today, it remains the most widely-published book in the English language. Selected resources at L. Tom Perry Special Collections The Coverdale Bible, 1535 (facsimile, 1975). Facsimile from a copy held by the


What is the longest continuous footpath in the world - it is in the USA?

World longest footpath Walking and Climbing World longest footpath If this is your first visit, be sure to  check out the FAQ by clicking the  link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages,  select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. Posts 24 In our pub quiz tonight one of the questions was "What is the longest footpath in the world?" We thought it was the Pacific Crest Trail but the answer was the Appalachian trail. Is this the correct answer? Posts 2,415 No. The PCT is longer than the AT. And the Continental Divide Trail is longer than either of them. However as far as I know the longest trail is the 16,110km Trans Canada Trail. Posts 3,909 I thought it was the one running from Alaska to the far tip of Argentina. Some 12,000 miles. Posts 8,198 The AT IS the worlds longest trail if you include recent extentions to the original trail. The idea of the Appalachian Trail was to follow the entire route of the Appalation Mountains - which run up the eastern side of the USA, but then continue through Canada before swinging east under the Atlantic and joining up with the mountains of northern Europe. The most well known part runs from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Katahdin in Maine - adistance of 2160 miles. Recently however it was extended across into Canad, through New Brunswick and along the Gaspe Peninsula. This adds a further 646 miles to the northern end of what is now called the International Appalachian Trail. The Trail is also being extended south from Georgia into Alabama. The latest proposals have been for the most controversial extention, which takes the trail through parts of Scotland and Scandinavia. Posts 8,198 I've just done a quick reference check, and the AT now runs from Key West in Florida to Cap Gaspe in Canada, a total of 4417 miles or 7109 Km. No news on the European extention at the moment, but I'm sure I rtecall either Trail or TGO mentioning this a few months back. Posts 8,198 The Trans Canada Trail, which goes through every province in Canada will be over 18,000 KM and therefore the longest continuous trail, but is still in the process of building. The plan is have the main trunk finished by 2010. So at present the AT still retains the title of longest trail. HTH Posts 3,435 But Dave, if the AT goes under the ATLANTIC, does't that make it a bit difficult to do as a continuous trail? Posts 8,198 It does rather, but the existing continuous International Appalachian Trail from Florida to Cap Gaspe is all continuous and is presently the longest trail - until the Trans Canada Trail is finished. Posts 2,415 I think you'll find that the Appalachian Trail was originally intended to follow the Appalachian Mountains in the USA and that the trail still is from Springer Mountain to Katahdin. Anyone hiking the AT follows the trail between those two points. Of course trails can be extended as long as there's enough land. I walked from the northern end of the Continental Divide Trail through the Canadian Rockies to the Yukon and there's now a Great Divide Trail following part of that route. However the CDT still runs from Mexico to the Canadian Border, if we are talking about officially designated trails, which I presume we are given the original question. Posts 8,198 I agree to a point Chris. Unfortunately it has been found that the Appalachian Mountains expend further than was originally thought. In fact there are traces of Appalachian origin as far away as Morrocco. Obviously there is a distinct difference between the Appalachian Trail and the International Appalachian Trail. We then have the question regarding who "officially designates" a trail. Whichever way you look at it the answer was wrong. Either the CDT is longest or the International Appalachian Trail is longest, and not the traditional AT. Posts 2,415 The PCT is longer than the AT too. In terms of designation the AT, PCT and CDT are National Scenic Trails, a government designation, just as the South West Way and the Pennine Way are here. With re


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Who lost his world heavyweight boxing title to Gene Tunney in 1926?

Gene Tunney | Boxing Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Mary Lydon from Culleen House, Gorthgarve, Kiltimagh , Ireland, emigrated to the United States after the Great Famine. She settled in New York City where she met John Tunney, also from Cill Aodain, Kiltimagh, County Mayo, Ireland. They married after a short courtship. The Tunneys had seven children; one son was killed in a homicide around 1920, another was a NYPD Detective from 1924 to 1951, dying in 1971, while Gene would become famous as a World Heavyweight Boxing Champion.  Tunney fought some 68 official professional fights, losing only one, to Harry Greb , while fighting as a light heavyweight . [1] He reported that he lost a second fight during World War I, a 10 round decision, to Tommy Loughran , as a Marine before he began his professional boxing career. Tunney was regarded as an extremely skillful boxer who excelled in defense. In addition to beating Dempsey, the most famous fighter of his era, Tunney defeated Tommy Gibbons , Georges Carpentier and many other fine boxers. Already the U.S. Expeditionary Forces champion, Tunney spent the winter of 1921 as a lumberjack in northern Ontario or the J. R. Booth Company of Ottawa, without revealing he was a champion boxer. He explained this as "wanting the solitude and the strenuous labors of the woods to help condition himself for the career that appeared before him." [2] Tunney also had a brief acting career, starring in the movie The Fighting Marine in 1926. Unfortunately, no prints of this film are known to exist. File:TunneyMarine.jpg In 1928, Tunney was married to a wealthy socialite, the former Mary "Polly" Lauder (1907 – April 19, 2008). The couple lived in Stamford, Connecticut and had four children. Among them is John V. Tunney (born 1934), who was a United States House of Representative and U.S. Senator from California from 1971 until 1977. The others are Jonathan "Jay" Tunney of Stamford, Connecticut; Gene L. Tunney of Honolulu, Hawaii and Joan Tunney Cook of Omaha, in Boone County, Arkansas. Tunney's daughter Joan was committed to a mental hospital on June 6, 1970 after she murdered her husband. Mrs. Tunney's grandfather was George Lauder, Sr., a first cousin and business partner of industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, founder and head of Carnegie Steel Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her father, George Lauder, Jr., was a philanthropist and yachtsman whose 136 foot schoone once held the record for the fastest trans-Atlantic yacht passage ever made. According to a 2007 biography, Tunney promised Polly that he would quit boxing and defended his title only one more time after the second Dempsey fight, against Tom Heeney of New Zealand. [3] Death Upon his death at the age of eighty-one, Tunney was interred at Long Ridge Union Cemetery in Stamford. He died at the Greenwich Hospital in Connecticut and had been suffering from a circulation ailment. [4] Fighting style Edit Tunney was a thinking fighter who preferred to make a boxing match into a game of chess, which was not popular during the times when such sluggers as Jack Dempsey , Harry Greb and Mickey Walker were commanding center stage. Tunney's style was influenced by other noted boxing thinkers such as James J. Corbett and Benny Leonard . Nevertheless,  it is incorrect to think of Tunney as a stick-and-move fighter in the Ali style.  While Tunney's heavyweight fights against Gibbons, Carpentier, and Dempsey featured his fleet-footed movement and rapid-fire jabbing, his earlier bouts, especially the five against Harry Greb, demonstrated his vicious body punching and willingness to fight toe-to-toe. It was Benny Leonard who advised Tunney that the only way to beat Harry "The Human Windmill" Greb was to aim his punches at Greb's body rather than his head. Always moving and boxing behind an excellent left jab, Tunney would study his opponents from the first bell. He generally preferred to stay outside and nullify any attacks, while using quick counters to keep the opponent off balance. Although not a big puncher, Tunney could still h


Which figures in Greek mythology were also called the Erinyes?

ERINYES - The Furies, Greek Goddesses of Vengeance & Retribution ERINYES Dark, Murky? (eêroeis) Erinyes, Apulian red-figure krater C4th B.C., Badische Landesmuseum THE ERINYES (Furies) were three goddesses of vengeance and retribution who punished men for crimes against the natural order. They were particularly concerned with homicide, unfilial conduct, offenses against the gods, and perjury. A victim seeking justice could call down the curse of the Erinys upon the criminal. The most powerful of these was the curse of the parent upon the child--for the Erinyes were born of just such a crime, being sprung from the blood of Ouranos (Uranus) , when he was castrated by his son Kronos (Cronus) . The wrath of the Erinyes manifested itself in a number of ways. The most severe of these was the tormenting madness inflicted upon a patricide or matricide. Murderers might suffer illness or disease; and a nation harbouring such a criminal, could suffer dearth, and with it hunger and disease. The wrath of the Erinyes could only be placated with the rite ritual purification and the completion of some task assigned for atonement. The goddesses were also servants of Haides and Persephone in the underworld where they oversaw the torture of criminals consigned to the Dungeons of the Damned. The Erinyes were similar to if not the same as the Poinai (Poenae) (Retaliations), Arai (Arae) (Curses), Praxidikai (Praxidicae) (Exacters of Justice) and Maniai (Maniae) (Madnesses). They were depicted as ugly, winged women with hair, arms and waists entwined with poisonous serpents. The sisters wielded whips and were clothed either in the long black robes of mourners, or the short-length skirts and boots of huntress- maidens. FAMILY OF THE ERINYES [1.1] GAIA by the blood of OURANOS (Hesiod Theogony 176, Bacchylides Frag 52) [2.1] NYX (Aeschyluls Eumenides 321, Lycophron 432, Virgil Aeneid 6.250, Ovid Metamorphoses 4.453) [3.1] HAIDES & PERSEPHONE (Orphic Hymns 29 & 70) [3.2] HAIDES (Statius Thebaid 12.557 & 11.47) [4.1] POINE (Valerius Flaccus 1.730) NAMES [1.1] TISIPHONE, MEGAIRA, ALEKTO (Bacchylides Frag 52, Orphic Hymn 69, Apollodorus 1.3, et al) [2.1] TILPHOUSIA (Quintus Smyrnaeus 8.39, Pausanias 8.25.3) OFFSPRING [2.1] DRAKON AREION (Erinys Telphousia by Ares ) * NB The Erinyes were usually described as three maiden goddesses. The Erinys Telphousia was usually a by-name for the wrathful Demeter, and these horses are echoes of Areion (of Ares), the equine son of Demeter Erinys and Poseidon. ENCYCLOPEDIA EUME′NIDES (Eumenides), also called ERINNYES, and by the Romans FURIAE or DIRAE, were originally nothing but a personification of curses pronounced upon a guilty criminal. The name Erinnys, which is the more ancient one, was derived by the Greeks from the erinô or ereunaô, I hunt up or persecute, or from the Arcadian word erinuô, I am angry; so that the Erinnyes were either the angry goddesses, or the goddesses who hunt up or search after the criminal. (Aeschyl. Eum. 499; Pind. Ol. ii. 45; Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 18.) The name Eumenides, which signifies "the well-meaning," or "soothed goddesses," is a mere euphemism, because people dreaded to call these fearful goddesses by their real name, and it was said to have been first given them after the acquittal of Orestes by the court of the Areiopagus, when tile anger of the Erinnyes had become soothed. (Soph. Oed. Col. 128; Schol. ad Oed. Col. 42; Suid. s. v. Eumenides.) It was by a similar euphemism that at Athens the Erinnyes were called semnai theai, or the venerable goddesses. (Paus. i. 28 § 6) Servius (ad Aen. iv. 609) makes a distinction, according to which they bore the name Dirae, when they were conceived as being in heaven by the throne of Zeus, Furiae, when conceived as being on earth, and Eumenides, as beings of the lower world; but this seems to be a purely arbitrary distinction. In the sense of curse or curses, the word Erinnys or Erinnyes is often used in the Homeric poems (Il. ix. 454, xxi. 412, Od. xi. 280), and Aeschylus (Choeph. 406) calls the Eumenides Arai that is, curses. Accordin


Which Australian city is capital of the Northern Territory?

Australian Cities, States and Territories - Tourism Australia Add Share Mainland Australia is the world’s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories.   What are Australia's cities, states and territories? Mainland Australia is the world’s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories. Australian Capital Territory The  Australian Capital Territory  (ACT) bounds the national capital of  Canberra  and is the centre of government. The Australian Capital Territory is located approximately 290 kilometres (180 miles) south of Sydney, and is home to a number of important national institutions, including Parliament House, the Australian War Memorial and the National Gallery of Australia. New South Wales New South Wales  (NSW) is Australia’s oldest and most populous state. New South Wales was originally settled as a penal colony on the shores of Port Jackson where the bustling capital city of  Sydney  now stands. Sydney is the nation’s largest city and is renowned for its idyllic beaches, great walks and world-class dining. New South Wales is also home to popular attractions including the Blue Mountains and the Hunter Valley wine region.  Northern Territory At the top end of Australia lies the  Northern Territory  (NT).  Darwin , on the northern coast, is the capital, and  Alice Springs  is the principal inland town. Alice Springs is the physical heart of Australia, almost exactly at the nation's geographical centre. The Northern Territory is home to the famous  Uluru  (Ayers Rock),  Kata Tjuta  (the Olgas) and  Kakadu National Park .   Queensland Queensland  (QLD) is Australia’s second-largest state (in size) and is home to the world famous  Great Barrier Reef , the world’s most extensive subtropical rainforest and the beautiful Queensland Islands – including the World Heritage-listed  Fraser Island .  Brisbane  is the state’s capital; it enjoys more winter sunshine and warmth than most Australian cities and is perfect for outdoor activities and water sports. South Australia South Australia  (SA) sits in the southern central part of the country, and covers some of the most arid parts of the continent. The state’s capital is  Adelaide  and is a great base for exploring the  Barossa  wineries, the  Flinders Ranges  and  Kangaroo Island . South Australia has a thriving arts scene and is known as the ‘Festival State’, with more than 500 events and festivals taking place there each year.  Tasmania Tasmania  (TAS) is separated from mainland Australia by the Bass Strait and is the smallest state in Australia. The capital,  Hobart , was founded in 1804 as a penal colony, and is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. One-fifth of Tasmania is covered by national parks and wilderness – abundant in driving routes and walking trails – and it is one of the world’s most mountainous islands.  Victoria Victoria  (VIC) is the smallest of the mainland states in size but is home to the country’s second most populated city,  Melbourne . Often referred to as the nation’s cultural capital, Melbourne is famed for its graffiti laneways, fashion-forward boutiques and booming café scene. Victorians' enthusiasm for sport is also legendary and this is where  Australian Rules football  began. The only thing more sacred than  the footy  is Melbournians love of coffee, and here you’ll find some of Australia’s best flat whites, cappuccinos and piccolo lattes.  Western Australia Western Australia  (WA) is Australia’s largest state and is a place of true contrasts: from desert in the east to 13,000 kilometres of pristine coastline on the west. The state’s capital is  Perth ; the fourth most populous city in Australia and famed for its uncrowded beaches, parklands and fresh seafood. Off the coast of Esperance, in the state’s south, is Middle Island, which is home to the extraordinary pink-coloured  Lake Hillier . Australia also administers Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (or Keeling) Islands, the Coral S


By what name was the Russian city of St Petersburg known from 1924 to 1991?

The History of St. Petersburg, Petrograd, and Leningrad By Matt Rosenberg Updated August 12, 2016. St. Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and it has been known by a few different names. In the over 300 years since it was established, St. Petersburg has also been known as Petrograd and Leningrad, though it's also known as Sankt-Peterburg (in Russian), Petersburg, and just plain Peter. Why all of the names for a single city? To understand the many aliases of St. Petersburg, we need to look at the famous city's history. 1703 - St. Petersburg Peter the Great founded the port city of St. Petersburg on the very western edge of Russia in 1703. Located on the Baltic Sea, he desired to have the new city mirror the great 'Western' cities of Europe where he had traveled while studying in his youth. Amsterdam was one of the primary influences on the czar and the name St. Petersburg has a distinctly Dutch-German influence. 1914 - Petrograd St. Petersburg saw its first name change in 1914 when World War I broke out . The Russians thought that the name sounded too 'German' and it was given a more 'Russian' name. 'Petro' clearing retains the honor to Peter the Great in the city's name. 'grad' is a common suffix used in a number of Russian cities and localities. 1924 - Leningrad Yet, it was only ten years that St. Petersburg was known as Petrograd because in 1917 the Russian Revolution changed everything for the country. At the beginning of the year, the Russian monarchy was overthrown and by year's end, the Bolsheviks took control. This led to the world's first communist government. The Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and in 1922 the Soviet Union was created. After Lenin's death in 1924, Petrograd became known as Leningrad to honor the former leader. 1991 - St. Petersburg Fast forward through almost 70 years of the Communist government to the fall of the USSR. In the years to follow, many places in the country were renamed and Leningrad became St. Petersburg once again. Changing the city name back to its original name did not come without controversy. In 1991, the citizens of Leningrad were given the opportunity to vote on the name change. As reported in the New York Times at the time , there were many opinions throughout the country about the switch. Some people saw a renaming to 'St. Petersburg' as a way to forget the decades of turmoil during Communist rule and an opportunity to reclaim its original Russian heritage. The Bolsheviks, on the other hand, saw the change as an insult to Lenin. In the end, St. Petersburg was returned to its original name. In Russian, it is Sankt-Peterburg and locals call it Petersburg or simply Peter. You will still find some people who refer to the city as Leningrad.


In which country was the actor and director Mel Gibson born?

Mel Gibson - Biography - IMDb Mel Gibson Biography Showing all 218 items Jump to: Overview  (3) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (8) | Trivia  (95) | Personal Quotes  (93) | Salary  (17) Overview (3) 5' 9¾" (1.77 m) Mini Bio (1) Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson was born January 3, 1956 in Peekskill, New York, USA, as the sixth of eleven children of Hutton Gibson , a railroad brakeman, and Anne Patricia (Reilly) Gibson (who died in December of 1990). His mother was Irish, from County Longford, while his American-born father is of mostly Irish descent. Mel and his family moved to Australia in the late 1960s, settling in New South Wales, where Mel's paternal grandmother, contralto opera singer Eva Mylott, was born. After high school, Mel studied at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, performing at the National Institute of Dramatic Arts alongside future film thespians Judy Davis and Geoffrey Rush . After college, Mel had a few stints on stage and starred in a few TV shows. Eventually, he was chosen to star in Mad Max (1979) and in a movie called Tim (1979), co-starring Piper Laurie . The small budgeted movie Mad Max (1979) made him known worldwide, while Tim (1979) garnered him an award for Best Actor from the Australian Film Institute (equivalent to the Oscar). Later, he went on to star in Gallipoli (1981), which earned him a second award for Best Actor from the AFI. In 1980, he married Robyn Moore and had seven children. In 1984, Mel made his American debut in The Bounty (1984), which co-starred Anthony Hopkins . Then in 1987, Mel starred in what would become his signature series, Lethal Weapon (1987), in which he played "Martin Riggs". In 1990, he took on the interesting starring role in Hamlet (1990), which garnered him some critical praise. He also made the more endearing Forever Young (1992) and the somewhat disturbing The Man Without a Face (1993). 1995 brought his most famous role as "Sir William Wallace" in Braveheart (1995), for which he won two Oscars for Best Picture and Best Director. From there, he made such box office hits as The Patriot (2000), Ransom (1996), and Payback (1999). Today, Mel remains an international superstar mogul, continuously topping the Hollywood power lists as well as the Most Beautiful and Sexiest lists. - IMDb Mini Biography By: TrendEkiD@aol.com Spouse (1) Often plays angry or deranged characters Intense Acting style Trivia (95) Ranked #12 in Empire (UK) magazine's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list. [October 1997] Born at 4:45pm-EST. Chosen by People (USA) magazine as one of the "50 Most Beautiful People" in the world. [1996] Educated at University of New South Wales, Australia. Attended drama school with Judy Davis . They played Romeo and Juliet together. Chosen by People magazine as one of the "50 Most Beautiful People" in the world. [1991] Chosen by People magazine as one of the "50 Most Beautiful People" in the world. [1990] Trained at NIDA (National Institute of Dramatic Arts). As well as Judy Davis , other fellow students, during his time there, included Colin Friels . Awarded the AO (Officer of the Order of Australia), Australia's highest honor, in mid-1997. Roommates with Geoffrey Rush after college (the National Institute of Dramatic Art) when they were in an acting company (called Jane Street) together that was affiliated with NIDA. Geoffrey Rush trained at La Cocq Mime School in France. He took up acting only because his sister submitted an application behind his back. The night before an audition, he got into a fight, and his face was badly beaten, an accident that won him the role. Older brother of actor Donal Gibson . Chosen by Empire magazine as one of the "100 Sexiest Stars" in film history (#37). [1995] Chosen as People Magazine's first "Sexiest Man Alive." [1985] Like his character Riggs in the Lethal Weapon Movie series he is a big fan of The Three Stooges . First studied drama at the New Zealand Drama School, Toi Whakaari in Wellington, New Zealand. After getting accepted he completed the course and used this as a foot-in into NIDA in Austra


Which organ of the body contains the tricuspid valve?

Tricuspid Valve Function, Anatomy & Location | Body Maps Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Right atrioventricular valve (Tricuspid valve) The tricuspid valve forms the boundary between the right ventricle and the right atrium. Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart via the inferior and superior vena cava. These are large veins that transport deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Blood collects within the right atrium, and it must flow through the tricuspid valve in order to enter the right ventricle. Then, blood exits the heart via the pulmonary artery, which transmits blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The term "tricuspid" refers to how the valve is constructed. It contains three flap-like cusps that, when closed, keep blood from regressing back into the right atrium. This regression is known as tricuspid regurgitation, and it is common in diseased hearts, often as a result of drug abuse. The tricuspid valve is not the only cardiac valve that is "tricuspid" in nature. On the left side of the heart, the aortic valve also features three cusps. This valve serves a boundary between the left ventricle and the aorta. There is some congenital variation, however; some people are born with two-cusp-only aortic valve.


In which year did the Peterloo Massacre take place?

Peterloo Massacre Peterloo Massacre ▼ Primary Sources ▼ Peterloo Massacre In March 1819, Joseph Johnson , John Knight and James Wroe formed the Manchester Patriotic Union Society. All the leading radicals in Manchester joined the organisation. Johnson was appointed secretary and Wroe became treasurer. The main objective of this new organisation was to obtain parliamentary reform and during the summer of 1819 it was decided to invite Major Cartwright , Henry Orator Hunt and Richard Carlile to speak at a public meeting in Manchester . The men were told that this was to be "a meeting of the county of Lancashire, than of Manchester alone. I think by good management the largest assembly may be procured that was ever seen in this country." Cartwright was unable to attend but Hunt and Carlile agreed and the meeting was arranged to take place at St. Peter's Field on 16th August. The local magistrates were concerned that such a substantial gathering of reformers might end in a riot. The magistrates therefore decided to arrange for a large number of soldiers to be in Manchester on the day of the meeting. This included four squadrons of cavalry of the 15th Hussars (600 men), several hundred infantrymen, the Cheshire Yeomanry Cavalry (400 men), a detachment of the Royal Horse Artillery and two six-pounder guns and the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry (120 men) and all Manchester's special constables (400 men). At about 11.00 a.m. on 16th August, 1819 William Hulton , the chairman, and nine other magistrates met at Mr. Buxton's house in Mount Street that overlooked St. Peter's Field . Although there was no trouble the magistrates became concerned by the growing size of the crowd. Estimations concerning the size of the crowd vary but Hulton came to the conclusion that there were at least 50,000 people in St. Peter's Field at midday. Hulton therefore took the decision to send Edward Clayton, the Boroughreeve and the special constables to clear a path through the crowd. The 400 special constables were therefore ordered to form two continuous lines between the hustings where the speeches were to take place, and Mr. Buxton's house where the magistrates were staying. Print of the Peterloo Massacre published by Richard Carlile The main speakers at the meeting arrived at 1.20 p.m. This included Henry 'Orator' Hunt , Richard Carlile , John Knight , Joseph Johnson and Mary Fildes . Several of the newspaper reporters, including John Tyas of The Times , Edward Baines of the Leeds Mercury , John Smith of the Liverpool Mercury and John Saxton of the Manchester Observer , joined the speakers on the hustings. At 1.30 p.m. the magistrates came to the conclusion that "the town was in great danger". William Hulton therefore decided to instruct Joseph Nadin , Deputy Constable of Manchester , to arrest Henry Hunt and the other leaders of the demonstration. Nadin replied that this could not be done without the help of the military. Hulton then wrote two letters and sent them to Lieutenant Colonel L'Estrange , the commander of the military forces in Manchester and Major Thomas Trafford, the commander of the Manchester & Salford Yeomanry . Major Trafford, who was positioned only a few yards away at Pickford's Yard, was the first to receive the order to arrest the men. Major Trafford chose Captain Hugh Birley , his second-in-command, to carry out the order. Local eyewitnesses claimed that most of the sixty men who Birley led into St. Peter's Field were drunk. Birley later insisted that the troop's erratic behaviour was caused by the horses being afraid of the crowd. The Manchester & Salford Yeomanry entered St. Peter's Field along the path cleared by the special constables. As the yeomanry moved closer to the hustings, members of the crowd began to link arms to stop them arresting Henry Hunt and the other leaders. Others attempted to close the pathway that had been created by the special constables. Some of the yeomanry now began to use their sabres to cut their way through the crowd. Print of St. Peter's Massacre When Captain Hugh Birley and his men reached


In which war was the Battle of Marston Moor fought?

Battle of Marston Moor | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Battle of Marston Moor The Battle of Marston Moor, by J. Barker Date Decisive Parliamentarian and Scottish Covenanter victory Belligerents 14 guns Casualties and losses 300 killed 4,000 killed, 1,500 prisoners The Battle of Marston Moor was fought on 2 July 1644, during the First English Civil War of 1642–1646. The combined forces of the English Parliamentarians under Lord Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester and the Scottish Covenanters under the Earl of Leven defeated the Royalists commanded by Prince Rupert of the Rhine and the Marquess of Newcastle . During the summer of 1644, the Covenanters and Parliamentarians had been besieging York , which was defended by the Marquess of Newcastle. Prince Rupert had gathered an army which marched through the northwest of England, gathering reinforcements and fresh recruits on the way, and across the Pennines to relieve the city. The convergence of these forces made the ensuing battle the largest of the Civil Wars. On 1 July, Rupert outmanoeuvred the Scots and Parliamentarians to relieve the city. The next day, he sought battle with them even though he was outnumbered. He was dissuaded from attacking immediately and during the day both sides gathered their full strength on Marston Moor, an expanse of wild meadow west of York. Towards evening, the Scots and Parliamentarians themselves launched a surprise attack. After a confused fight lasting two hours, Parliamentarian cavalry under Oliver Cromwell routed the Royalist cavalry from the field and annihilated the remaining Royalist infantry. After their defeat the Royalists effectively abandoned the north of England. They lost much of the manpower from the Northern Counties of England which were strongly Royalist in sympathy, and access to the continent of Europe through the ports on the North Sea coast. Although they partially retrieved their fortunes with victories later in the year in the south of England, the loss of the North was to prove a fatal handicap the next year, when they tried unsuccessfully to link up with the Scottish Royalists under Montrose . Contents Edit In Northern England, the Royalists had the advantage in numbers and local support, except in parts of Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire, where the Parliamentarians had support from the clothing-manufacturing towns which "naturally maligned the gentry". [1] On 30 June 1643, the Royalists commanded by the Marquess of Newcastle defeated the Parliamentarian army of Lord Fairfax at the Battle of Adwalton Moor near Bradford . Fairfax and his son, Sir Thomas Fairfax , fled with their remaining forces to the port of Hull, which was held for Parliament. Newcastle sent some of his army south into Lincolnshire, as part of a planned "three-pronged" advance on London, but was forced to besiege Hull with most of his forces. The siege failed, as the Parliamentarian navy could supply and reinforce the port and the garrison flooded wide areas around the city, while the Royalist detachments sent into Lincolnshire were defeated at the Battle of Winceby . In late 1643, the English Civil War widened. King Charles I negotiated a "cessation" in Ireland, which allowed him to reinforce his armies with English regiments which had been sent to Ireland following the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , [2] but Parliament took an even greater step by signing the Solemn League and Covenant , sealing an alliance with the Scottish Covenanters . Early in 1644, a Covenanter army under the Earl of Leven invaded the north of England on behalf of Parliament. [3] The Marquess of Newcastle was forced to divide his army, leaving a detachment under Sir John Belasyse to watch the Parliamentarians under Lord Fairfax in Hull, while he led his main body north to confront Leven. [4] Siege of York Edit During March and early April, the Marquess of Newcastle fought several delaying actions as he tried to prevent the Scots from crossing the River Tyne and surrounding the city of Newcastle upon Tyne. [5] Meanwhile, a Parliamentarian cavalry force under


Which English Benedictine monk and missionary is known as the Apostle of Germany?

Saint Boniface | English missionary | Britannica.com English missionary Alternative Titles: Saint Bonifatius, Wynfrid, Wynfrith Saint Boniface William Of Hirsau Saint Boniface, Latin Bonifatius, original name Wynfrid or Wynfrith (born c. 675, Wessex , England —died June 5, 754, Dokkum, Frisia [now in the Netherlands]; feast day June 5), English missionary and reformer, often called the apostle of Germany for his role in the Christianization of that country. Boniface set the church in Germany on a firm course of undeviating piety and irreproachable conduct. In his letters and in the writings of his contemporaries, he appears as a man of purpose and dedication, an innovator with a powerful though willful personality. St. Boniface baptizing converts into the German church, detail from a manuscript from Fulda Abbey, … Courtesy of the Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Boniface belonged to a noble family of Wessex, England. He received an excellent education in the Benedictine abbeys of Adescancastre (Exeter) and Nhutscelle (Nursling, between Winchester and Southampton) and became a Benedictine monk, being ordained priest at about age 30. From 716 to 722 he made two attempts to evangelize the Frisian Saxons on the Continent but was balked by their king, Radbod. On his return to England he learned that his abbot had died and that he had been elected in his stead—an honour he declined in favour of a second attempt at a missionary career. In 718 he accompanied a group of Anglo-Saxon pilgrims to Rome, where Pope Gregory II entrusted him with a mission to the pagans east of the Rhine, asking him only to use the Roman formula for baptism, rather than the Celtic, and to consult with Rome on major problems arising from his work. Gregory II changed Wynfrid’s name to Boniface. In the meantime, Radbod had died (719), and Boniface returned to Frisia to assist his countryman Bishop Willibrord in his missionary activities. In 722 he went to Hesse, where he established the first of many Benedictine monasteries as a means of consolidating his work. So great was his success that he was called to Rome, where Gregory consecrated him a missionary bishop. The pope also provided him with a collection of canons (ecclesiastical regulations) and letters of recommendation to such important personages as Charles Martel , master of the Frankish kingdom, whose protection was essential to Boniface’s success. It was the pagan awe of Martel’s name that allowed Boniface to destroy the sacred oak of the Germanic god Thor at Geismar. For 10 years (725–735) Boniface was active in Thuringia, converting pagans and renewing the faith of Christians who had been converted earlier by Irish missionaries , whose haphazard methods of evangelization were henceforth to be the bane of Boniface’s life. He met opposition, he said, “from ambitious and free-living clerics” whom he pursued relentlessly, even when they appealed to the popes. On a later occasion, Pope St. Zacharias was forced to moderate the zeal of Boniface, who requested not only excommunication but also solitary confinement for two “heretical” missionaries, Adalbert and Clement the Irishman—sentences that the pope avoided imposing by deliberate delay. Boniface’s handling of missionaries whose methods he deplored sheds light on his personality and temperament: he turned immediately to Rome, he expected prompt and ruthless action, and he seems at times to have been excessively severe in his judgments. Britannica Stories Obama Acts to Protect the Arctic Boniface’s career was assisted in a unique and moving way by his brother and sister Benedictines from England. They supported him by gifts and encouraged him by their faithful love, expressed in letters that were delightful in their openness and humanity. Their final expression of love for him was to cast their lots with him in Germany, where they formed the nucleus of four monasteries that served as centres of civilized Christian life. Saints Ordered by Pope Gregory III (731–741) to organize the church in Bavaria , Boniface initially established four bishoprics there. His


Which parliamentarian soldier in the Civil War became Cromwell's son-in-law?

Biography of Oliver Cromwell » Biographies » Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell, 1599-1658 Rose from obscurity to become the most successful military and political leader of the Civil Wars. Lord Protector of England from 1654-8, he was offered—and refused—the Crown itself. Oliver Cromwell was born in Huntingdon on 25 April 1599 and baptised at the church of St John four days later. He was the second son of the ten children of Robert Cromwell (d.1617) and Elizabeth Steward (d.1654). The family estate derived from Oliver's great-grandfather, Morgan Williams, a brewer from Glamorgan who settled at Putney in London. Williams married Katherine Cromwell, the sister of Thomas Cromwell, who became chancellor to Henry VIII. Through his association with Thomas Cromwell, Morgan Williams gained estates in Huntingdonshire after the confiscation of church lands at the Reformation. His son Richard changed the family name to Cromwell in honour of their benefactor. Oliver attended the free school attached to the hospital of St John in Huntingdon, where he was taught by Dr Thomas Beard, then spent a year at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. However, his university career was cut short by the death of his father in June 1617. He returned home to manage his family estate and to look after his widowed mother and seven unmarried sisters. Militant Puritan In August 1620, Cromwell married Elizabeth Bourchier (1598–1665), daughter of Sir James Bourchier, a London merchant. The marriage was long and stable and produced nine children. Cromwell and his growing family settled in Huntingdon. Thanks to connections between the Cromwells and the powerful Montagu family, he was elected MP for Huntingdon in the Parliament of 1628 , where he became associated with the opposition to King Charles that culminated in the declaration of the Petition of Right in June 1628. At some time during the late 1620s, following a period of illness and depression, Cromwell experienced a profound spiritual awakening that left him with deep and uncompromising Puritan beliefs. In 1631, Cromwell's fortunes were in decline. He was forced to sell nearly all his property around Huntingdon and to lease a farmstead at St Ives, where he worked as a farmer for five years. The tide turned in 1636 when Cromwell's childless and widowed maternal uncle Sir Thomas Steward died, leaving him a substantial inheritance, including a house next to St Mary’s Church in Ely and the position of collector of tithes in the two Ely parishes of St Mary's and Holy Trinity. Cromwell's improved social status and his connections with local Puritans led to his nomination as a freeman of the borough of Cambridge and election as MP for Cambridge in the two Parliaments of 1640. During the first week of the Long Parliament , he made a passionate speech that called attention to the injustice of the imprisonment of John Lilburne, and during the following month he was prominent in parliamentary attacks on episcopacy. Although he was not regarded as a fluent speaker, Cromwell's passion and sincerity gained him a reputation as a solid supporter of opposition leaders such as John Pym and Cromwell's own cousin, John Hampden. Cavalry Commander On the outbreak of the First Civil War in August 1642, Cromwell took up arms for Parliament. He led one of the earliest military actions of the war when with 200 lightly-armed volunteers he prevented the King's men from carrying off the silver plate of the Cambridge colleges. Cromwell raised a troop of sixty horsemen and effectively secured Cambridgeshire for Parliament. In October 1642, Cromwell's troop joined the army of the Earl of Essex and was present during the later stages of the battle of Edgehill. The superiority of the Royalist horse impressed upon Cromwell the need for a well-trained Parliamentarian cavalry corps. Returning to East Anglia, he was careful to recruit only "godly, honest men" as his troopers and to lead them with firm discipline. His innate skills as a cavalry commander were in evidence at the skirmishing around Gainsborough in July 1643. Having helped to


Who drove the car 'Thrust SSC' that first broke the land speed record in September 1997?

Land speed (fastest car) | Guinness World Records Guinness World Records United States Black Rock Desert When 15 October 1997 The official land-speed record (measured over one mile) is 1,227.985 km/h (763.035 mi/h) (Mach 1.020), set by Andy Green (UK) on 15 October 1997 in the Black Rock Desert, Nevada, USA, in Thrust SSC. Although Thrust SSC is the first car to break the sound barrier, it is alleged that Budweiser Rocket Car, driven by Stan Barrett (US), reached a speed of 1,190.377 km/h (739.666 mi/h) at Edwards Air Force Base, California, USA, on 17 December 17 1979. However, the published speed of Mach 1.0106 was not officially sanctioned by the USAF, as the Digital Instrument Radar was not calibrated or certified. The radar information was not generated using the vehicle directly but by an operator aiming aiming a dish using a TV screen. The car is powered by two Rolls-Royce Spey 202 jet engines which generate 222 kN (50,000 lb) of thrust. All records listed on our website are current and up-to-date. For a full list of record titles, please use our Record Application Search. (You will be need to register / login for access)


Who wrote the 1997 Number One Song 'A Perfect Day'?

Lou Reed — Perfect Day — Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm lou reed A song written by Lou Reed in 1972. Its fame was given a boost in the 1990s when it was featured in the 1996 film Trainspotting, and after its release as a charity single in 1997. The song was originally featured on the 1972 album Transformer. The song's lyrics are often considered to suggest simple, conventional romantic devotion, possibly alluding to Reed’s relationship with Bettye Kronstadt (soon to become his first wife) and Reed’s own conflicts with his… read more Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now Similar Tracks


Which of the apostles was the brother of St Peter?

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > P > St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download . Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more  all for only $19.99... The life of St. Peter may be conveniently considered under the following heads: Until the Ascension of Christ Bethsaida St. Peter's true and original name was Simon, sometimes occurring in the form Symeon. ( Acts 15:14 ; 2 Peter 1:1 ). He was the son of Jona (Johannes) and was born in Bethsaida ( John 1:42, 44 ), a town on Lake Genesareth , the position of which cannot be established with certainty , although it is usually sought at the northern end of the lake. The Apostle Andrew was his brother, and the Apostle Philip came from the same town. Capharnaum Simon settled in Capharnaum , where he was living with his mother-in-law in his own house ( Matthew 8:14 ; Luke 4:38 ) at the beginning of Christ's public ministry (about A.D. 26-28). Simon was thus married, and, according to Clement of Alexandria (Stromata, III, vi, ed. Dindorf, II, 276), had children. The same writer relates the tradition that Peter's wife suffered martyrdom (ibid., VII, xi ed. cit., III, 306). Concerning these facts, adopted by Eusebius ( Church History III.31 ) from Clement , the ancient Christian literature which has come down to us is silent. Simon pursued in Capharnaum the profitable occupation of fisherman in Lake Genesareth , possessing his own boat ( Luke 5:3 ). Peter meets Our Lord Like so many of his Jewish contemporaries, he was attracted by the Baptist's preaching of penance and was, with his brother Andrew , among John's associates in Bethania on the eastern bank of the Jordan . When, after the High Council had sent envoys for the second time to the Baptist , the latter pointed to Jesus who was passing, saying, "Behold the Lamb of God ", Andrew and another disciple followed the Saviour to his residence and remained with Him one day. Later, meeting his brother Simon, Andrew said "We have found the Messias ", and brought him to Jesus , who, looking upon him, said: "Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is interpreted Peter". Already, at this first meeting, the Saviour foretold the change of Simon's name to Cephas (Kephas; Aramaic Kipha, rock), which is translated Petros (Latin, Petrus) a proof that Christ had already special views with regard to Simon. Later, probably at the time of his definitive call to the Apostolate with the eleven other Apostles , Jesus actually gave Simon the name of Cephas (Petrus), after which he was usually called Peter, especially by Christ on the solemn occasion after Peter's profession of faith ( Matthew 16:18 ; cf. below). The Evangelists often combine the two names, while St. Paul uses the name Cephas. Peter becomes a disciple After the first meeting Peter with the other early disciples remained with Jesus for some time, accompanying Him to Galilee (Marriage at Cana ), Judaea , and Jerusalem , and through Samaria back to Galilee ( John 2-4 ). Here Peter resumed his occupation of fisherman for a short time , but soon received the definitive call of the Saviour to become one of His permanent disciples . Peter and Andrew were engaged at their calling when Jesus met and addressed them: "Come ye after me, and I will make you to be fishers of men ". On the same occasion the sons of Zebedee were called ( Matthew 4:18-22 ; Mark 1:16-20 ; Luke 5:1-11 ; it is here assumed that Luke refers to the same occasion as the other Evangelists ). Thenceforth Peter remained always in the immediate neighbourhood of Our Lord . After preaching the Sermon on the Mount and curing the son of the centurion in Capharnaum , Jesus came to Peter's house and cured his wife's mother, who was sick of a fever ( Matthew 8:14-15 ; Mark 1:29-31 ). A little later Christ chose His Twelve Apostles as His constant associates in preaching the kingdom of God . Growing prominence am


Which illustrator and watercolourist is best known for his children's book illustrations such as Peter Pan in, 1906?

1000+ images about Artist: Arthur Rackham on Pinterest | Gardens, Stockings and The night before christmas Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas Artist: Arthur Rackham Arthur Rackham's illustrations are just magical. He made them to illustrate childrens books, but it's adults that find them fascinating. 58 Pins223 Followers


Which band had a hit with the song 'Brown Girl in the Ring'?

Boney M | New Music And Songs | Boney M About Boney M Although they never had much success in America, the Euro-disco group Boney M. were a European phenomenon during the '70s. After German record producer Frank Farian (born in 1942) recorded the single "Baby Do You Wanna Bump?" (which was successful in Holland and Belgium), he created Boney M. to support the song, bringing in four West Indian vocalists who had been working as session singers in Germany -- Marcia Barrett (b. October 14, 1948, St. Catherines, Jamaica), Liz Mitchell (b. July 12, 1952, Clarendon, Jamaica), Maizie Williams (b. March 25, 1951, Monserrat, West Indies), and Bobby Farrell (b. October 6, 1949, Aruba, West Indies, d. December 30, 2010, St. Petersburg, Russia). "Daddy Cool" reached the U.K. Top Ten in February 1977, followed in April by a remake of Bobby Hebb's "Sunny." In July, "Ma Baker" just missed the U.K. number one spot, and "Belfast" hit the Top Ten in December. In 1978, Boney M. were at the height of their popularity with "Rivers of Babylon"/"Brown Girl in the Ring," which became the second-biggest selling single in U.K. chart history. "Rivers of Babylon" also was Boney M.'s only U.S. Top 40 hit. Boney M.'s album, Nightflight to Venus, also topped the U.K. charts. In October 1978, "Rasputin" became another U.K. Top Ten hit, followed by the seasonal chart-topper "Mary's Boy Child"/"Oh My Lord," which became the fifth-biggest selling single in U.K. history. In March 1979, "Painter Man" hit the U.K. Top Ten, followed in May by "Hooray! Hooray! It's a Holi-Holiday." In September, the album Oceans of Fantasy hit number one. Their music continues to sell well in Europe, with a compilation hitting the U.K. Top Ten in 1994. Farian went on to create the late-'80s dance sensation Milli Vanilli. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Rovi Hear more of


Who played Grant Mitchell in 'EastEnders'?

BBC One - EastEnders - Grant Mitchell Grant Mitchell Handsome hard man Grant Mitchell is the stereotypical tough guy... and the ladies love him. Fact title Occupation: Former publican Handsome hard man Grant Mitchell was the stereotypical tough guy. He and his brother Phil styled themselves on the East End's toughest gangsters, the Kray twins, ruling Albert Square with more than just a hint of violence. I'm not telling you again. Grant Mitchell Mummy's boy Grant was a troubled soul, but somehow he brought out the mothering instinct in every woman he met. Perhaps it was that baby face and those big blue eyes. Whatever the reason, women flocked to him and Grant could never resist. But as soon as he married them (Sharon, Tiffany), he turned violent and either drove them away or drove them to their deaths. However, Grant has mellowed with age. Jane Beale never saw his scary side, but her fate was also a grim one - condemned to a life with Ian Beale. Grant moved out to Portugal in 2006 and made a life for himself and Courtney there. Grant was asked to come back to Walford when his mum’s cancer returned. He was devastated when she committed suicide soon after. We discovered that Grant had lost his home and business in Portugal and was in debt. Phil owed him money he wanted back, but the brothers reconciled after Phil admitted he no longer wanted repaying. Phil then told Grant that he had discovered a letter revealing that Grant fathered Michelle Fowler's child, Mark Fowler Junior, 21 years previously. After a heart-to-heart with Mark Junior, Grant realized that his son would be better off not knowing he was his dad - and returned to Portugal with Courtney. Played by Ross Kemp


Kings Oak was the location for which TV soap opera?

TVARK | Soaps | British Coronation Street 1960 - 1964 Coronation Street 1960 The classic Granada series made its debut in 1960, created by Tony Warren. This clip show the very first episode Coronation Street 1961 an edition from 1961. Coronation Street 1964 - 1969 At present we don't have a copy of these black and white titles Coronation Street 1969 - 1975 Coronation Street 1970s These opening titles must have been shot from a tower block in Salford. Only 2 shots feature, with slow panning moves to match the signature haunting theme.  Notice the shot of The Street was not filmed on the set, as it lacks the viaduct bridge and extends beyond where Alfs Corner shop should be! It was actually filmed on Archie Street, Ordsall in Salford on which Tony Warren based the Granada built set on. Archie Street was demolished in the 1971, but during it's heyday local residents nicknamed it "Coronarchie Street" because of it's well known association with the soap. Coronation Street 1975 - 1990 1999 Opening and closing credits from 1999 Coronation Street 2001 A change of typeface is introduced in 2001.   Clips show the opening and closing credits. Coronation Street 2002 - 2010 Coronation Street 2002 Widescreen arrives to Corrie in 2002. Special effects were used in every shot of this sequence to give the illusion of the street appearing in a real community. High angle shots were taken of the Granada set whilst the same angles were shot in Salford and the two were matched, to create a seamless, totally believable environment. Brilliantly executed sequence produced by the in-house 360media designers Mark Nuttall and Sue Frost. Aswell as filming the opening shots, a further 15 shots featuring a variety of weather conditions for the beginning and end of parts were also created, to complement different storylines These images below show the real locations in Salford that were filmed for the compositing shots. The opening scene uses a shot looking down Newport Street in Salford, the first row of houses is Knutsford Street, this row was replaced with the Coronation Street set. For the scene looking through the arch, again shows Newport Street and Pembroke Street. The back alley scene again uses an alley way filmed from Newport Street.  In the final scene where the tram goes over the viaduct, the images of the tram were filmed from a station in Old Trafford. Coronation Street 2010 - Present Granada Reports - First Look 2010 Coronation Street celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2010, and moves from SD to HD pictures. With the move to HD Corrie needed a new title sequence.  Granada Reports previews the new titles here in the week before the launch.  Paul Crone was sent to St. Annes Square in Manchester's city centre to see what the public thought of the new look. Coronation Street 2010 Coronation Street went HD on May 31st 2010 at 7pm. The new opening titles were designed by John Paul Hersey and Andy Goldie of HerseyGoldieFilms.  The tiles feature jib shots of various locations around Manchester including The Printworks for the opening shot, Castlefield locks for the second shot and the chimney pots in the final shot were filmed in West Didsbury. The tram is kept and updated to one of Metrolink's new yellow and silver M5000 series.  Filmed on a Red camera at 3k and 33fps, with a long lens meant a really narrow depth of field - foreground elements are sharp, and the background action is kept defocussed. The new typeface is called Trajan. Coronation Street 50th Anniversary In 2010 became the world's longest running drama, it also celebrated it's 50th Anniversary. To mark the anniversary a dramatic tram crash storyline was broadcast over a week. After an expolision a tram comes off the viaduct tracks and ploughs into the Corner Shop and The Kabin with a tragic outcome killing off 3 characters. A special live episode was broadcast on December 9th, 50 years to the day the first live episode was broadcast on December 9th 1960. Corrie 4 Funerals and a Wedding Promo 2010 This very stylish promo teases the upcoming disaster Coronation S


For which disease is morbilli the Latin name?

Morbilli | Define Morbilli at Dictionary.com morbilli noun, (used with a singular verb) Pathology. 1. 1685-95; < Medieval Latin, plural of morbillus pustule, equivalent to Latin morb(us) sickness + -illus diminutive suffix Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for morbilli Expand Gilbertus Anglicus Henry Ebenezer Handerson It can hardly be doubted that we owe the English name of measles as the equivalent of morbilli to John of Gaddesden. British Dictionary definitions for morbilli Expand a technical name for measles Word Origin C17: from Medieval Latin morbillus pustule, diminutive of Latin morbus illness Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012


'Lady's slipper' is a variety of which flower?

Pink Lady's Slipper Range map of pink Lady's slipper. States are colored green where the species may be found. Pink Lady's slipper (Cypripedium acaule). Photo courtesy of Susan Trull, U.S. Forest Service. Pink Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium acaule Ait.) By Patricia J. Ruta McGhan Pink lady's slipper is a large, showy wildflower belonging to the orchid family. It has two opposite basal leaves with conspicuous parallel veins and a large flower at the end of an erect stalk. The flower is magenta to whitish-pink; sometimes the whitish pink flowers will have darker pink venation. Rarely the flower may be all white. This plant grows 6 to 15 inches tall and flowers generally between May and July. The species name acaule is Latin, meaning, "stem less", referring to the plant’s leafless flowering stem. Another common name for this plant is moccasin flower. Orchids often have swollen, ball-shaped tubers that were regarded in traditional practices as having medicinal value. The root of lady's slipper was used as a remedy for nervousness, tooth pain, and muscle spasms. In the 1800s and 1900s it, and other orchids, were widely used as a substitute for the European plant valerian for sedative properties. In order to survive and reproduce, pink lady's slipper interacts with a fungus in the soil from the Rhizoctonia genus. Generally, orchid seeds do not have food supplies inside them like most other kinds of seeds. Pink lady’s slipper seeds require threads of the fungus to break open the seed and attach them to it. The fungus will pass on food and nutrients to the pink lady's slipper seed. When the lady’s slipper plant is older and producing most of its own nutrients, the fungus will extract nutrients from the orchid roots. This mutually beneficial relationship between the orchid and the fungus is known as “symbiosis” and is typical of almost all orchid species. Pink lady’s slipper takes many years to go from seed to mature plants.  Seed-bearing harvest of wild lady's slipper root is not considered sustainable. Pink lady's slippers can live to be twenty years old or more. Cypripedium acaule. Photo by Thomas G. Barnes, University of Tennessee Herbarium. Pink lady's slippers also require bees for pollination. Bees are lured into the flower pouch through the front slit, attracted by the flower’s bright color and sweet scent. Once inside, the bees find no reward, and discover that they are trapped, with only one point of escape. Inside the pouch, there are hairs that lead to a pair of exit openings, one beneath each pollen mass. The bee must pass under the stigma, so if it bears any pollen from a visit to another flower, it will be deposited before picking up a fresh load on the way out. Pink lady’s slipper lives in a variety of habitats, growing in mixed hardwood coniferous forests of pine and hemlock on rocky/mossy slopes, and in semi-open or in deep humus and acidic but well-drained soil under birch and other deciduous trees of eastern United States forests.


The Erskine Bridge carries the A898 over which river?

The A898 Erskine Bridge - Glasgow's Motorways About Us The A898 Erskine Bridge The Erskine Bridge is a major crossing of the River Clyde connecting Renfrewshire and West Dunbartonshire. Opened by HRH Princess Anne on the 2nd of July 1971 the bridge carries in excess of thirty thousand vehicles a day. It is one of four major crossings over the Clyde, and acts as an alternative to the Clyde Tunnel and Kingston Bridge.   Discussions on the need for a downstream crossing of the Clyde began in the mid-1930s. It took almost 30 years of planning before a final design was approved. The bridge is a two lane all purpose dual carriageway with cycle/footways at either side. At its highest point, the bridge has 45 meters of clearance allowing large vessels to proceed upstream to the shipyards at Govan. Related Articles LAST UPDATED: 1st Sep 2015     By: John Hassall History & Background The need for a satisfactory traffic route across the River Clyde at Erskine Ferry was recognised for a long time before the bridge was completed. As early as 1934 dissatisfaction with the existing ferry service between Erskine and Old Kilpatrick had become widespread and the view generally expressed was that a high-level bridge should be erected to deal with the ever increasing volume of traffic.   In 1955 a series of meetings were held between representatives of local authorities to discuss an improvement of the river crossing. Subsequently the Erskine Bridge Joint Committee was formed and it held its first meeting on the 25th of March 1963. The Joint Committee set up a technical panel which recommended the carrying out of an aerial survey and the production of contoured maps necessary for detailed design purposes and boring operations on the proposed site.   The Erskine Bridge Joint Committee appointed Freeman, Fox & Partners to prepare a report which was submitted in September 1964. Subsequently the Scottish Development Department took over from the Joint Committee.   In regards to the approach road system that now incorporates the M898 Motorway, A898 and parts of the A82 trunk road a detailed traffic survey was carried out, not only to predict traffic likely to use the bridge, but also to establish the routes it would take when approaching and leaving it. Modern techniques of the time were used to forecast the change in driving habits of traffic which at the time avoided the ferry queues at Erskine and to calculate traffic likely to be generated by such proposed developments at the Erskine New Town. The approach roads at either end of the bridge were always designed to provide a free flow system via large grade separated junctions.   The designer of the Erskine Bridge was William Brown, a renowned structural engineer and bridge designer. From 1956 to 1985, he was an essential part of Freeman Fox & Partners. He was particularly talented in the field of suspension bridges and is accredited with inventing the valuable aero-foil shaped cross section for bridge decks, an invention created to combat an array of wind conditions.


In which play does Lady Bracknell memorably say 'A handbag'?

Lady Augusta Bracknell in The Importance of Being Earnest Character Analysis Lady Bracknell Alone This very symmetrical play has an odd number of characters: nine. Everybody has somebody: Jack and Gwendolen, Algernon and Cecily, Miss Prism and Chasuble, Lane and Merriman. Who’s left out? Lady Bracknell. She’s the only character without a foil or partner. Lady Bracknell is Wilde’s symbol of the dominant Victorian ethic. As such, she is the most overbearing and powerful character in the play. There is no question, from any character, that the buck stops with her. Her demand for Jack to find a good family drives the action of the play. If she says no, the answer is no. This is a closed society, and no matter what fun the youngsters have, she’s watching and judging them. Lady Bracknell the Judge As a symbol of the British upper-crust, she passes down the rules and traditions of society and stands in not-very-silent judgment of how the others obey them. When she enters a room, it’s interrogation time: Lady Bracknell: [Pencil and note-book in hand.] I feel bound to tell you that you are not down on my list of eligible young men, although I have the same list as the dear Duchess of Bolton has. We work together, in fact. However, I am quite ready to enter your name, should your answers be what a really affectionate mother requires. Do you smoke? (I.178) Jack says yes, and the questioning continues. It’s all going pretty well until he reveals that he doesn’t know who his parents are, and that he was found in a handbag. This. Will. Not. Do. Lady Bracknell snaps shut her notebook and sweeps out "in majestic indignation" (I.218). Lady Bracknell, Protector of the Victorian Great and Good What’s so bad about Jack being found in a handbag and having no idea who his parents are? It means he has no name, no background, no class—he may be a peasant for all anyone knows. And Lady Bracknell insists that Gwendolen shouldn’t marry beneath her. Just like the American dream, the Victorian one goes up, not down. And Lady Bracknell has moved up: "When I married Lord Bracknell I had no fortune of any kind. But I never dreamed for a moment of allowing that to stand in my way" (III.77). There’s no way she’ll allow Jack to undo her progress.


What has been made at the Black Friars distillery in Devon since 1793 and has EU geographical protected status?

Sun, 30 Dec 2012 17:29:00 EST Thu, 15 Nov 2012 13:44:00 EST http://backend.userland.com/rss RapidFeeds v2.0 -- http://www.rapidfeeds.com New RSS feeds for The Drinks Report The Drinks Report has been redesigned and relaunched – and the RSS feeds have also changed. To continue to receive topic specific news feeds from The Drinks Report please visit: www.thedrinksreport.com/rss. You can choose to receive all our drinks related news or you can create your own RSS feed by selecting any number of the topics listed. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/rss/ Thu, 14 Mar 2013 14:16:00 EST Cocktails to enjoy straight from the bottle Mixed Ape Drinks has a new range of premixed cocktails targeted at a young, trend-conscious audience. Packaged in Rexam Beverage Can’s 250ml Fusion aluminium bottles, the cocktails are positioned as “ready to enjoy” straight from the bottle. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/full.articles/mixnmatch.folder/full.0213_Mixed-Ape-Drinks-in%20Fusion-bottles.html Tue, 12 Feb 2013 11:08:00 EST Gordon’s launches flavoured gin collection Diageo is launching a collection of Gordon’s flavoured gins. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/full.articles/spirits.folder/Spirits%202013/full.0213_Gordons-flavoured-gins.html Tue, 12 Feb 2013 11:07:00 EST Vodka launches in single serve pouches Good Time Beverages, the US producer of single-serve, RTD cocktails in re-sealable FlexPouches, has launched an Ultra Premium Vodka produced from American grain and four times distilled. The 40%abv product is packaged in 20cl pouches with an RRP of US$2.99 for a single pouch and US$11.99 for a four-pack. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/spiritswhite.html Wed, 06 Feb 2013 05:01:00 EST Beefeater Gin to open visitor centre Beefeater Gin is to open London’s first gin distillery visitor centre at the distillery in Kennington later this year. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/full.articles/spirits.folder/Spirits%202013/full.0213_BeefeaterGin-creates-visitor-centre.html Wed, 06 Feb 2013 05:00:00 EST First 10 year old bourbon from Bulleit Tom Bulleit, founder of the Bulleit Distilling Co producing small batch bourbons and rye whiskies which are now within the Diageo portfolio, has released his first 10 Years Old bourbon. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/brownspirits.html Wed, 06 Feb 2013 04:59:00 EST TricorBraun creates Moonshine bottle Short Mountain Distillery’s Tennessee Moonshine, has had a redesign created by TricorBraun Design and Engineering, part of TricorBraun, a major provider of bottles and other rigid packaging components in the US. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/packaging.html Wed, 30 Jan 2013 13:54:00 EST First TV campaign for Skyy Vodka Skyy Vodka is to launch its first television advertising campaign in South Africa – an increasingly important market for the brand. Targeting "ambitious and style-conscious urbanites and young professionals", the campaign depicts Skyy Vodka in its cobalt blue bottle as “the drink of choice for the world’s most stylish party people”. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/full.articles/spirits.folder/Spirits2012/full.0113%E2%80%93Skyy-TVadv-SA.html Wed, 30 Jan 2013 13:54:00 EST World Whiskies Conference moves to New York The programme for the eighth World Whiskies Conference has been announced, focusing on the theme of Creativity: transforming inspiration into profit. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/full.articles/business.folder/Business%202013/full.0113_world-whiskies-conference-NY.html Wed, 30 Jan 2013 13:52:00 EST Martell XO takes flight After the ‘Shape your World’ campaign aimed at establishing Martell XO as an “ambassador of great achievers”, the brand has created a new platform – an uplifting film inviting viewers to ‘Rise Above’. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/brownspirits.html Wed, 30 Jan 2013 13:51:00 EST First conviction in China over fake Scotch The first criminal case in China against someone misusing the description 'Scotch Whisky' has been concluded. http://www.thedrinksreport.com/full.articles/business.folder/Business%202013/full.0113_Conviction-China-Fake-Scotch-Whisky.html Wed, 30 Jan 2013 13:51:00 EST Morr


Who painted a number of paintings of water lilies in his garden at Giverny?

Claude Monet | Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies | The Met Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies Artist: Claude Monet (French, Paris 1840–1926 Giverny) Date: 36 1/2 x 29 in. (92.7 x 73.7 cm) Classification: H. O. Havemeyer Collection, Bequest of Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer, 1929 Accession Number: 29.100.113 On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 819 In 1893, Monet, a passionate horticulturist, purchased land with a pond near his property in Giverny, intending to build something "for the pleasure of the eye and also for motifs to paint." The result was his water-lily garden. In 1899, he began a series of eighteen views of the wooden footbridge over the pond, completing twelve paintings, including the present one, that summer. The vertical format of the picture, unusual in this series, gives prominence to the water lilies and their reflections on the pond. Catalogue Entry "A landscape does not get under your skin in one day. And then all of a sudden I had the revelation of how enchanting my pond was. I took up my palette. Since then I’ve hardly had any other subject," Claude Monet told Marc Elder in 1924. Thirty-one years earlier, in 1893, the painter bought a small piece of land across the railroad tracks from his property at Giverny that included a small pond formed by water from the Ru stream, a diversion of the Epte river (a tributary of the Seine). His intention was to construct something "for the pleasure of the eye and also for motifs to paint" (quoted in Tucker 1990, p. 255). He installed a Japanese-style footbridge over the pond late that year following the same axis as his main garden path and first painted the motif in three canvases of 1895 before planting water lilies (see Additional Images, figs. 1, 2). Monet returned in a concerted way to depict the bridge over his pond in eighteen canvases of 1899–1900 and exhibited twelve of them all with similar titles at Durand-Ruel’s gallery in Paris in 1900. He had spent the warm-weather months of 1899 devoted to the series, as his letters of that summer attest. In The Met’s canvas, the bridge is front and center, much larger than the bridge of his first forays into the subject. In 1901, after this initial series, he purchased more of the marshy land adjacent to the pond and enlarged it by diverting water from the stream. He also added a framework to the bridge for wisteria and planted bamboo, Japanese apple and cherry trees as well as rhododendrons, in addition to the large willow and poplar trees that were already there. The painter returned to the motif after modifying the pond again, with a second series created between 1903 and 1908 and exhibited in 1909. After a final enlargement of the water garden due to flooding in 1910, he undertook a third group in the years during and after the First World War, comprising the large decorations for the two oval rooms at the Musée de l’Orangerie in Paris. The Picture: The Met’s 1899 picture is similar in composition and colors to two others of that year in the National Gallery, London, and the Musée d’Orsay, Paris (see Additional Images, figs. 3, 4); other examples from his 1899 series include paintings in the Philadelphia Museum of Art; Pushkin Museum, Moscow; Musée d’Orsay, Paris; National Gallery, London; Mohammed Mahmoud Khalil Museum, Cairo; and private collections. Whereas these paintings retain an illusion of recession of the pond into depth (despite the extremely minimal remaining patch of sky), later efforts moved toward a flatter abstraction of the water surface itself that became influential decades later to the generation of Abstract Expressionist artists. In all, Monet painted at least one hundred images of his waterlily pool over a period of more than twenty years. His first series came soon after another contemplative series, Mornings on the Seine (1897) (see, for example, The Met, 56.135.4 ), where he attended to the particular qualities of morning light reflected on the water. In the present work, the surrounding features of the landscape have been left by the wayside to focus on the bridge itself and the water li


Launched in 1989 the MX-5 is a car made by which company?

Mazda MX-5 Old v New Comparison: First-generation NA v fourth-gen ND Journalist 20 Apr 2016 Whether you’re old enough to remember them or not, the 1980s were cool. Icons such as Madonna and Prince were at the height of their success and big hair wasn’t just acceptable, it was wholeheartedly encouraged. But on February 10, 1989, something particularly special happened: the Mazda MX-5 made its global debut at the Chicago motor show, giving birth to one of the world’s most successful nameplates ever. The car that started it all was the first-generation NA Mazda MX-5 . Launched locally in October 1989, the original MX-5 notched up 157 registrations by the end of its first month on sale. And the immaculate example pictured here, belonging to Nicholas Bodey from Victoria, is the 38th to have ever arrived. Powered by a naturally aspirated 1.6-litre four-cylinder engine with double overhead camshafts, the 940kg first iteration of the classic rear-wheel-drive Japanese soft-top had 85kW of power at 6500rpm and 130Nm of torque at 5500rpm. Available in Mariner Blue, Crystal White, and, of course, Classic Red, for the first five months, Silver Satin was added to the MX-5 palette in March 1990, followed by Neo Green in October of that year. The NA MX-5 was a properly affordable sports car for its day, with prices starting from $29,990 – or more than $160k less than a year-equivalent 964 Porsche 911 Carrera Cabriolet. It was petite too. Measuring 3955mm long, 1675mm wide, and 1235mm tall, the first-gen ‘Max 5’ rode on a 2265mm wheelbase. And while early cars, such as Nick’s, came standard with a leather-wrapped steering wheel, power windows, four-wheel disc brakes (ventilated fronts, solid rears) and 14-inch alloy wheels, weight was kept to a minimum thanks to the use of an aluminium bonnet and the exclusion of power steering, anti-lock brakes (ABS) and airbags. As we lap the Gippsland Car Club’s 1.3-kilometre Haunted Hills (Bryant Park) hillclimb circuit, in Nick’s NA MX-5, the 18-year-old tells us a bit about the car. “It’s… a genuine Mazda MX-5, not a Eunos Roadster,” Nick says. “So it wasn’t imported by anyone, it was brought over by Mazda.” Despite owning such an automotive icon, Nick says he’d never really heard of the MX-5 before a car collector friend of his father recommended the model as a car more likely to appreciate in value than depreciate. “The idea [of buying the car] was to have a two-seater car that I can drive on my Red Ps… it’s not too powerful, so I’m not going to get myself into too much trouble. And because it’s a 1989 model, I can put it on club registration if I’m not driving too much.” Nick tells us some of his favourite aspects of the NA MX-5 are the unique pop-up headlights, its weighty but accurate steering and the reaction other people have to the smiley-faced little drop-top. Since production of the NA ceased in October 1997, the Mazda MX-5 has evolved through several generations and gone on to sell over one million models worldwide, cementing its title as the world’s best-selling two-seater sports car. And it was in early September 2014 – twenty-five years after the NA’s Chicago debut – that Mazda unveiled the fourth-generation ND MX-5 at simultaneous events in the US, Spain and Japan. Eleven months later, the all-new convertible went on sale in Australia with an entry price of $31,990 , making it not only $15,290 more affordable than the previous third-gen NC MX-5, but comfortably the most affordable MX-5 sold in Australia since the original. With Mazda’s goal being to more closely reunite the MX-5 with the Jinba-ittai (horse and rider) spirit of the original, the all-new fourth-generation ND returned to being properly small and light. How small and light? At 3915mm long, 1730mm wide, and weighing 1009kg, the newest MX-5 is 40mm shorter, 65mm wider and a mere 69kg heavier than the original. It has the same overall height too and its 2315mm wheelbase is only 50mm off the original. What makes these figures even more impressive, is the fact Mazda has still been able to squeeze in a raft of modern-day must-


In the book 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory', what is Charlie's surname?

What is Charlie's surname in "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory"? | Reference.com What is Charlie's surname in "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory"? A: Quick Answer In Roald Dahl's children's novel, "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory," Charlie's surname is Bucket. The novel tells the story of Charlie Bucket touring the inside of Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. Full Answer In the novel, Charlie Bucket is a young boy from a poor family. Willy Wonka announces a contest where five golden tickets are to be hidden in the wrappers of Wonka bars, and the winners receive a tour of the chocolate factory and a lifetime of chocolate. Charlie finds the final golden ticket and takes his Grandpa Joe on the tour with him. The other children who found the tickets turn out to be spoiled and undeserving. They are eliminated from the tour one by one. Charlie becomes the only child remaining, and Willy Wonka reveals that Charlie is to take over the chocolate factory as the heir to the company.


Which African country was formerly called Bechuanaland?

Historical Country Names - Nations Online Project Historical Country Names keywords: geography, historical country names, former country names, history, place name changes, historical maps List of formerly used country names and names of countries which have ceased to exist. Name changes of countries, dependencies, geographical and other regions of particular geopolitical interest.   Today Abyssinia The Ethiopian Empire spans a geographical area of today Ethiopia, Eritrea , and Djibouti ,and included parts of Northern Somalia , Southern Egypt , Eastern Sudan , Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia . Abyssinia was an empire that existed for more than 800 years, from circa 1137 (beginning of Zagwe Dynasty) until 1974 when the Ethiopian monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'etat.     Afars and Issas Territory formerly known as French Somaliland, the French colony was renamed to the French Territory of Afars and Issas (1967 - 1977),the territory became independent in 1977, known today as Djibouti. formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as the Kingdom of Lesotho.   formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as Republic of Botswana.   Democratic Republic of the Congo Benadir a coastal region of Somalia; covering most of the Indian Ocean coast of the country, from the Gulf of Aden to the Juba River, formerly part of Italian Somaliland.   Biafra, Republic of (named after the Bight of Biafra) today part of   Bophuthatswana - nominal republic and homeland for Tswana-speaking people, 1949 reincorporated into   British Bechuanaland (region) incorporated into the Cape Colony (1895)   British East Africa or East Africa Protectorate British protectorate from 1890 until 1920   Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda , and parts of Somalia (Jubaland) Cape Colony, 1795-1797 British colony, 1803-1806 colony of the Batavian Republic (Netherlands), since 1910 part of   Central African Republic Kenya Colony The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British crown colony in 1920.   Ciskei (Republic of Ciskei)- homeland for Xhosa-speaking people, 1994 reincorporated into   Dahomey ; (the Republic of Dahomey; in French: République du Dahomey), was a former French colony andpart of French West Africa until independence in 1960, in 1975 the Republic of Dahomeychanged its name in Benin. Dan Ho Me was an ancient Kingdom located in the south of today Benin.   French Guinea was a French protectorate in West Africa, after independence from France in 1958 it became today   Mali French West Africa was a federation of eight French colonial territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia and Niger, French Sudan , French Guinea , Côte d'Ivoire, Upper Volta and Dahomey .   Mauritania , The Gambia , Senegal , Niger , Mali , Guinea , Côte d'Ivoire , Burkina Faso and Benin. German East Africa (German: Deutsch-Ostafrika) a German colony from 1885 until 1919 which included Burundi, Rwanda and Tanganyika (the mainland part of present Tanzania), an area almost three times the size of Germany today. German East Africa colony ended with the defeat of Imperial Germany in World War I. With the Treaty of Versailles the territory was divided between Britain (Tanganyika.), Belgium (Ruanda-Urundi), and Portugal (to become part of Mozambique).   Hausaland, consisted of seven independent city-states: Biram, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, and Zaria.   Italian East Africa (former name for Italian possessions in eastern Africa)   Kaffraria, former name for Transkei   Katanga - 1960, Belgium granted independence to the Congolese province of the   Mali Federation, was a country in West Africa 1959-1960, formed by a union between   Malawi Portuguese East Africa (Província Ultramarina de Moçambique) Mozambique or Portuguese East Africa (officially the State of East Africa) for almost 500 years a Portuguese Colony, 1498–1975. See also: Portugal   Sahara Occidental, Spanish name for   Senegambia (region; former name of the confederation of Senegal and


Which Ray Bradbury novel opens with the line 'It was a pleasure to burn'?

It Was A Pleasure To Burn It Was A Pleasure To Burn “It was a pleasure to burn.” Why does Bradbury start Fahrenheit 451 in this way, as though it would be more pleasurable to burn books rather than read them?   brettd | High School Teacher | (Level 2) Educator Emeritus Posted on August 17, 2011 at 9:37 AM "Ignorance is bliss" is a common saying, and if you can put yourself in Montag's shoes, or any of the firemen like him, it's not hard to see how good it might feel.  How simple an existence, right?  No need to think, to be challenged, no need for complications or gray areas, everything in the world in front of Montag's kerosene flame thrower is black and white. Burn them, purge them, purify the society.  This is the fireman's unofficial mantra, or could be anyway.  And this is how they are able to go home and sleep well at night, how Montag is so seemingly content, at least in the beginning, and why Bradbury chooses the perfect six words to start the story with: It was a pleasure to burn. Yet another way to think about this is to think about how intoxicating it would be to have the authority, fear and respect Montag did.  There were those in Nazi uniforms (and countless other governments, actually) who did horrible things, not because they were born immoral, but because the power they held was addictive and pleasurable and it corrupted their souls. like 3 dislike 0 March 11, 2015 at 7:30 PM First of all, from a purely literary perspective, Ray Bradbury chose to open the novel “Fahrenheit 451” with the words “It was a pleasure to burn” to immediately capture the attention of the reader and draw him or her into the story quickly. This is a short, compelling sentence that piques one’s interest; the reader wants to know why it’s “…a pleasure to burn” and subsequently delves into the story wholeheartedly. This is what happened to me the first time I read this story. Secondly, Bradbury’s opening line causes the reader to gain a glimpse into the mindset of the firemen, those who set fires by burning banned books and the homes that house them. This simple sentence presents concisely and clearly how these firemen are thinking as they wield their kerosene filled flame throwers as if they are the ultimate destructive force. This sentence gives the reader a taste of evil actions and a peek into evil thought processes. The sentence is unassuming and unadorned. However, it conveys an act of violence against a citizen that is anything but unassuming and unadorned. This act of burning is representative of a totalitarian government’s control of its citizens. The act of burning, conducted by the government against its own, is a flamboyant display meant to discourage dissent from the populace. Ray Bradbury uses these six simple words to reveal to the reader, right at the beginning of the novel, that the government is more powerful and citizens oppose it at their peril. The burning of books, homes, and people who refuse to leave their burning homes is definitely not unadorned drama. It is drama manufactured by the government to make a point to its citizenry that it will not tolerate books and that those who have and hide them, and then are found out, will pay dearly. Therefore, burning is theatre created by the totalitarian government. The central characters on the stage are the firemen who advance the aims of the government that pays them. The citizens desiring books to read are the pawns in the game/story. The powers that be want to make the point that it is a pleasure for the firemen and the totalitarian government to see that those opposed to it are reduced to ashes. Nonetheless, the essence of the story is that there is one firemen who has a conscience and who no longer finds it “…a pleasure to burn.” Images:


The only hovercraft service in Britain crosses which stretch of water?

Isle of Wight Isle of Wight Red Squirrels Introduction The eastern part of the Isle of Wight lies to the South of Portsmouth and Ryde is clearly visible over the water, from Southsea. Foot passengers have the choice of the hovercraft or boat, both of which only take about 10 minutes. The hovercraft service is now, apparently, the only regular hovercraft passenger service in Europe. It travels directly to Ryde itself. The boat travels to the end of Ryde pier, which is about 700 meters long (the fourth longest pier in Britain). However, the Ryde-Sandown railway does travel right to the end of the pier to meet the boat, if required. Up to 1962, there was also a tramway traveling the length of the pier, the remains of which can be seen between the pedestrian section and the railway. The book Babycham Nights by Philip Norman tells of his childhood growing up on the pier, when his father ran an amusement center there. The stretch of water between the island and the mainland is held by some to be the most expensive stretch of water to cross in the entire world, per kilometer. The island is known to many because of the music festivals, which were staged in Freshwater. It is also a refuge for red squirrels. Surprisingly, given the width of the Solent, grey squirrels keep appearing every now and again (and are promptly dispatched). Isle of Wight links Isle of Wight College History 1052 Godwin, Harold and Leofwine, who had been expelled from England by Edward the previous year, attempted to re-establish their power in this year, successfully as it turned out. During their campaign, the three rendevoused off the Isle of Wight, and Godwin took the opportunity to lay waste to the island. Railway The Ryde to Shanklin Railway is the last remaining stretch of public railway on the island. It was due to be shut under the Beeching Plans - but given a brief reprieve by British Rail, who spent a fairly small amount on electrifying it with old tube stock from London (still under the assumption that the line only had a short existence left). This 'brief' reprieve has turned into its continued existence to this very day. However, the line was chopped off at its southern end into Ventnor, something which I believe lead to a measurable decline in Ventnor's fortunes at the time. The following report is from Private Eye Darling and Brown should look at the Isle of Wight line to see why privatised rail is such a rip-off. Last year Stagecoach got £3.1 m subsidy (58 percent more than in 1997-98, the franchise's first full year) for this 8.5-mile route. Rail Professional magazine reports that leasing Island Line's 12 carriages nets £140,000 a year for HSBC bank's rail arm. That might be reasonable if HSBC had supplied new trains recently, but these date from the year Hitler invaded Austria. They worked more than their intended life-span on London Underground and even scrap merchants say the 66-year-old trains are worthless. Rail Professional says HSBC has pocketed more than £1 m in eight years for trains worth almost nothing, making them "the most  expensive trains anywhere in the world". 'Dr B.Ching' Aircraft In 1949 John Britten and Desmond Norman,       former apprentices at the de Havilland       aeronautical engineering training school, formed a       partnership with the aim of building new aircraft.       Their first plane, the BN-IF Finibee, made its       maiden flight on 26 May, 1951. Although not as       successful as they had hoped, it still survives, and       is in the Southampton Hall of Aviation. The       partners then, for a time, abandoned the idea of       building planes, concentrating on converting training aircraft into planes       that could be used for crop-spraying. They also designed crop-spraying       equipment, creating the Micronair Rotary Atomiser. As another string to       their bow, they formed a company called Cushioncraft, to build hovercraft.       This, in 1972, was taken over by British Hovercraft Corporation1. The Islan


Who painted his grandson in the famous work, `Bubbles'?

Artwork details, Liverpool museums See a larger version About the artwork One of the most famous paintings by the Victorian artist Sir John Millais has been placed on long loan at the Lady Lever Art Gallery. It has been lent by Unilever. 'Bubbles' was painted in 1885-6. It shows a boy blowing bubbles with a pipe and a bowl of soap suds. The boy was the artist’s grandson, Willie James, aged about four: he later became an Admiral. To get round the problems of painting the bubbles, the artist had a glass sphere specially manufactured. Millais originally titled his painting 'A Child’s World' but it was later changed to 'Bubbles'. As a young man, Millais was one of the chief artists in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood , which set out to attack the complacency of the Royal Academy. He painted masterpieces such as 'Isabella' ( Walker Art Gallery ) and ' Ophelia ' ( Tate Britain ) in a new style with bright colours, wiry outlines and minute detail. By the time he painted 'Bubbles', Millais was in his 50s. He had abandoned the Pre-Raphaelite style and had adopted darker colours and looser brushwork.  No longer a rebel, he had joined the Royal Academy and had become a pillar of the art establishment. Much of his work at this stage in his career featured sentimental portrayals of small children. Other examples, at the Lady Lever Art Gallery, are 'Little Speedwell’s Darling Blue' and 'The Nest'. Although 'Bubbles' may appear sentimental to modern taste, it has a serious meaning. Millais was using a symbol with a long tradition behind it. 'Bubbles' are fragile and have a brief moment of beauty before they burst. In the 17th century Dutch artists painted children blowing bubbles to convey the brevity of human life, the transience of beauty and the inevitability of death. This theme appealed to Millais and is a key to several other of his paintings, such as ' Spring (Apple Blossoms) ' also at the Lady Lever Art Gallery. Amongst the beauty of the young girls and the spring flowers in this picture, Millais painted a scythe, to indicate that beauty fades and that death awaits us all. This aspect of 'Bubbles' was not obvious to the Victorians. Victorian artists associated childhood with sweetness and innocence. The attitude is seen in the book illustrations of Kate Greenaway and in historical pictures such as 'And when did you last see your father?' by  W. F. Yeames (Walker Art Gallery). It had also been seen in the 18th century in pictures like ' The Age of Innocence ' (Tate Britain) by Sir Joshua Reynolds , who was much admired by Millais. The interpretation of childhood changed radically after Freud wrote about it as a troubled period of latent sexuality, but it would be unhistorical to expect Millais to reflect these ideas in his work. Listen to a recording of Julian Treuherz's gallery talk on 'Bubbles' online now . The painting was brought from Millais by Sir William Ingram, proprietor of the Illustrated London News, a popular magazine with a wide circulation. Ingram also bought the copyright from the artist. He published 'Bubbles' as a special presentation colour print with the Christmas number of the magazine in 1887. (Other paintings of children by Millais had been published with previous Christmas numbers with great success.) Before its appearance in the magazine, the painting with its copyright was sold to A & F Pears, manufacturers of Pears soap. The Managing Director of Pears, Thomas Barrett, was a pioneer of modern advertising methods, and he and William Lever of Lever Brothers, makers of Sunlight Soap, were great rivals, each spending vast sums on promoting their brands. Barrett turned 'Bubbles' into an advertisement by adding a bar of soap in the foreground. Millais was furious, but he could do nothing about it. Millais was unfairly criticised for degrading his art, but as the copyright owner, Barrett was within his rights.  And the use of the painting for advertising meant that the picture became the best known of all his works. Lever responded to Barrett’s initiative in 1889 by purchasing ' The New Frock ' by Frith and using