According to popular medical opinion (at 2011) how much sleep on average is best per night for optimum adult health?

In U.S., 40% Get Less Than Recommended Amount of Sleep | Gallup In U.S., 40% Get Less Than Recommended Amount of Sleep by Jeffrey M. Jones Hours of sleep similar to recent decades, but much lower than in 1942 PRINCETON, NJ -- Fifty-nine percent of Americans get seven or more hours of sleep at night, while 40% get less than seven hours. Those figures are largely unchanged from Gallup polls in the 1990s and 2000s, but Americans, on average, slept much more in the 1940s. Americans currently average 6.8 hours of sleep at night, down more than an hour from 1942. Medical studies have related a lack of sleep to health problems and cognitive impairment. Therefore, experts typically recommend seven to nine hours sleep for adults. Currently, 59% of U.S. adults meet that standard, but in 1942, 84% did. That means four in 10 Americans get less than the recommended amount of nightly sleep, compared with the 11% who did so 70 years ago. Regardless of what the experts recommend and the number of hours of sleep people actually get, 56% of Americans say they get as much sleep as needed, while 43% say they would feel better if they got more sleep. The percentage who say they get sufficient sleep has been in the mid-50% range since 2001, but was much higher in 1990. Gallup did not ask this question in the 1942 poll. There is a predictable positive relationship between the hours of sleep one reports getting and that individual's opinion about whether he or she gets enough sleep. Thirty-two percent of those who say they sleep six hours or less say they get as much sleep as needed, which rises to 53% among those getting seven hours of sleep -- the minimum recommendation -- and to 86% among those getting eight hours or more. Older Americans Sleep the Most Americans aged 65 and older report getting the most sleep, with 67% getting seven or more hours per night. Each younger age group gets less sleep, down to 54% of 18- to 29-year-olds who report getting seven or more hours. Nearly half of 18- to 29-year-olds get less than the recommended amount of sleep. Parents of young children and lower-income Americans are two other groups that struggle to get the proper amount of sleep. The difference by income is partially explained by age, as younger Americans are disproportionately in the lower-income category. Adults Under Age 50 Most Likely to Feel Sleep Deprived Consistent with their lower average of reported hours sleep per night, younger adults are among those most likely to believe they need more sleep than they are getting. Less than half of Americans under age 50 think they get as much sleep as they need, compared with 63% of those between the ages of 50 and 64, and 70% of those aged 65 and older. Parents of young children are another group that tends to feel sleep-deprived -- 46% think they get as much sleep as needed. Implications U.S. adults likely get less sleep than would be ideal, with the average reported 6.8 hours below the minimum recommendation of seven hours per night. Forty percent get six hours sleep or less per night. That is a major shift from 1942, at which time the vast majority of American adults were sleeping seven hours or more per night. Even though many Americans sleep less now than they ideally should, the majority, 56%, say they get as much sleep as they need, although this is also down from what Gallup measured in the 1990s. Young adults and parents of children under 18 are among the more sleep-deprived groups, while senior citizens tend to be well-rested. Clearly, this is on account of lifestyle, in terms of the demands of working and parenting. Thus, younger Americans who are not getting enough sleep now can look forward to getting more rest as they age and their life situation changes. Those changes in sleep patterns throughout the life span could lead to changes in Americans' average sleep in the coming years as the baby boomer generation increasingly reaches retirement age. With baby boomers making up such a large share of the U.S. population, more sleep among this group could push the sleeping averages among all Am


What family-founded/named corporation owns the brands Snickers, Uncle Ben's and Dolmio (at 2011)?

Visit the 3 Musketeers brand website. AMERICAN HERITAGE American Heritage Chocolate is an authentic historic line of products — based on a recipe from the 1750s — that celebrates chocolate’s important role in the lives of Americans during the 18th century. Mildly spicy, and slightly sweet, American Heritage Chocolate is flavored with a blend of spices and ingredients available during colonial times, including cinnamon, nutmeg, chili pepper, orange, anise and vanilla. Visit the American Heritage brand website. AMICELLI Amicelli is a chocolate delicacy on the path to success. Endless pleasure from tender chocolate covering a crispy, wafer roll with hazelnut-cream at its center. Visit the Amicelli brand website. BALISTO BALISTO is an irresistible combination of whole-meal biscuits and tasty fruit covered in delicious chocolate. Since Summer 2011 BALISTO is certified with sustainable cocoa from UTZ CERTIFED. Visit the Balisto brand website. BOUNTY Available in whole milk and dark chocolate varieties, the moist, tender coconut in Bounty Candy tempts your senses with the taste of paradise. CELEBRATIONS Launched in 1997, CELEBRATIONS Chocolate was first to bring together a selection of well-loved brands in miniature. With the mix of everyone's favorites, CELEBRATIONS Candy is a guaranteed crowd-pleaser for any occasion. COMBOS COMBOS® Baked Snacks are bite-size crackers, pretzels or tortillas jam packed with cheese-filled deliciousness. COMBOS® Snacks were developed from a patent purchased in the late 1970s. A dedicated group of R&D, Engineering and Manufacturing Associates, each with extensive experience in combining great food flavors, helped mold the patent into the COMBOS® Baked Snacks we now love. Visit the Combos brand website. DOVE Made with 100 percent pure cocoa butter and available in a variety of formats, from DOVE® Bars to DOVE® PROMISES® Candies, DOVE® Chocolate offers a silky smooth texture and delicious, lingering taste to create the perfect moment of chocolate pleasure. Visit the Dove Chocolate Discoveries website. ETHEL M. In 1981, after passing the leadership of Mars to his children, Forrest Mars, Sr. retired to Henderson, Nevada and created Ethel M® Chocolates as a tribute to his mother, her recipes and her chocolate. The Mars family continues to be intimately involved in keeping the legacy of Frank and Ethel alive by producing the highest quality chocolates. Ethel M® Chocolates are sold online and in multiple locations throughout Las Vegas. Visit the Ethel M. brand website. GALAXY Smooth and creamy GALAXY Chocolate is your perfect partner in chocolate indulgence. Since its launch in 1960, GALAXY has seen strong growth that continues to strengthen year over year. The GALAXY Brand, which includes GALAXY Smooth Milk, MINSTRELS and RIPPLE, stands for “me-time” indulgence, femininity and sensuousness. GOODNESSKNOWS goodnessknows™ Snack Squares are a delicious snack made with slow-roasted whole almonds, tangy fruits, toasted whole grains and our extraordinary deep chocolate. Our deep chocolate is made from cocoa beans specially selected and handled to retain flavanols. Try a little goodness.™ Visit the goodnessknows brand website. MALTESERS Maltesers — the lighter way to enjoy chocolate. These crisp honeycombed centers covered in delicious milk chocolate were first introduced in the U.K. in 1936. MARATHON MARATHON® Bars are a delicious, satisfying energy snack that gives you what you need to help run your day your way. We thoughtfully researched and crafted our MARATHON® Bar to ensure an optimal nutritional profile, packing it full of protein and essential vitamins — and then we powered it with the satisfying taste enjoyment that only Snickers brand can provide. Visit the Marathon brand website. MARS Created by Forrest Mars in 1932, The MARS® Bar is a delicious fusion of chocolate, caramel and nougat. MARS — Work, Rest and Play your part. Visit the Mars brand website. MILKY WAY Created in 1923 and designed to capture the taste of malted milk shakes, MILKY WAY® Candy was named after a famed malted milk drink of the


The venue for the 2012 Olympic archery events is considered the home of what sport?

Olympics 2012: archery | Sport | The Guardian Olympics 2012: archery After 16 unforgettable days London's Olympic Games are over. Some sports caught the imagination, others less so. We look back on them all Published: 12 Aug 2012 Amy Oliver must beat world No1 to keep GB women's archery hopes alive at London 2012 Published: 31 Jul 2012 This is just not cricket but the home of the game is ready for an historic transformation that should light up the Olympics Published: 30 Jun 2012 Alison Williamson has been selected for her sixth Olympic Games as Team GB's archery team was unveiled at Lord's Published: 9 May 2012 Team GB's Paralympian contenders get a chance on the track before Davina McCall welcomes everyone to the Albert Hall Published: 5 May 2012 Jim Barnard, father of the Australian archer Elisa Barnard, has been prohibited from going within 200 metres of 17-year-old Odette Snazelle Published: 29 Mar 2012 On Friday there will be six months to go until the Olympics. Starting with cycling, plus archery, badminton, boxing, canoeing, and basketball, we ask if Team GB are on course for success Published: 22 Jan 2012


If You Meet the Buddha on the Road, Kill Him! ?

If You Meet the Buddha on the Road, Kill Him: The Pilgrimage Of Psychotherapy Patients: Sheldon Kopp: 9780553278323: Books - Amazon.ca By Bruce P. Barten on June 3 2000 Format: Mass Market Paperback This book has the best title for a general work on therapy. However, I would consider most of the advice which this contains quite conventional. Even the chapter on a power trip does not embrace thermonuclear war. The advice suggested by the title might be best for someone who wished to devote his life to writing the most unpopular reviews, or whatever other perverse activities might suggest themselves to those who are familiar with the Buddha. This might be a great opportunity for irony, which ought to pop into the mind of anyone who does not like the title upon reading it for the first time. A little experience in dialectics ought to allow readers to see how this can't be the final word, whatever "this" is. The humor which I see in the title springs from my ability to show how therapy could be the worst alternative to be suggested by those who expect everyone to contribute positive ideas when confronting a radical situation. Page 4 of this book, on the "distress and disruption" in the lives of those who seek this kind of help, supposes that really the patient "prefers the security of known misery to the misery of unfamiliar security." This kind of assumption has very little play in a comic society in which trouble is often the result of a ludicrous embrace of inappropriate familiarity, often expressed in a manner which is considered "adult" when the need to exclude children from the consideration of such pernicious ideas is paramount. In the suggested reading at the end of this book, an anthology of writings by C.G. Jung is suggested. This kind of psychology could be associated with those who might laugh if I claimed that I am a Freudian. Read more › Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... Thank you for your feedback. Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again. By lander on Sept. 26 2014 Verified Purchase The book came quickly and was in good shape so I will order from the second hand book dealer again. Book content was worst book I ever read. It started out well but all the information was in the first chapter. From there it went down hill. The message of the book is you must find happiness and peace from within. No one else is responsible for the way you feel, act or think. Don't read any more of the book. Then he gives examples that I couldn't figure out how they applied to what he was saying. Sheldon Kopp was a psychotherapist helping other people only if it benefited him to do so. He admitted that most of the people he couldn't help. He came across as a little bitter with health issues. I got the book because I liked the character Peter, on Fringe. I was very disappointed in the character until I remembered Fringe is just a tv show. Was I glad I read the book? No. Was it a good book? No. Would I recommend the book? No. I was telling my sister about the book and she wanted to read it. I said did you not hear what I was saying about the book? She wanted to read it anyway. I sent her the book. She still hasn't finished it because she said I was right. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... Thank you for your feedback. Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again. By L. Dann on April 14 2002 Format: Mass Market Paperback There are books available now to diagnose and prescribe everything according to the DSMIV etc. There are E-therapy sessions and from what I see of the state of mental health- you might as well go for virtual therapy as the practicioners are not particularly life-like in this current, very restrained and dispassionate age. It is worthy to reopen this book and reopen our hearts to the sacred responsibility implicit in working with another person's suffering and passage. As in so much of our corporate culture, we deny the significance of the patient in the parroting of redundant questions, no humil


La Sombra del Viento (The Shadow of the Wind)?

La sombra del viento / The Shadow of the Wind (Spanish Edition): Carlos Ruiz Zafon: 9789504916000: Amazon.com: Books La sombra del viento / The Shadow of the Wind (Spanish Edition) Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Next Special Offers and Product Promotions Editorial Reviews From Publishers Weekly A Barcelona-born novelist based in Los Angeles, Ruiz Zafon was a finalist for the Spanish Fernando Lara de Novela award with this fifth novel. This thriller follows the mysterious disappearance of an author of melodramas, Juli n Carax, and how his book influences the 10-year-old Daniel Sempere. When Daniel visits a mysterious and secret Library of Forgotten Books in 1940s Barcelona and finds Carax's novel The Shadow of the Wind, he becomes obsessed with Carax. For more than a decade, he follows the writer's ghost through a labyrinth of love, sex, violence, friendship, and betrayal. The narration unfolds through an interesting, yet overextended, interplay of overlapping characters and stories. Carax's and Ruiz Zafon's novels blend throughout the story, sometimes misleading the reader but ending in masterfully executed pages. Ruiz Zafon explores the world of antique books, the city of Barcelona, and the animosity inherited from the Spanish Civil War. Some scenes in this thriller also refer to Borges's exploration of libraries, the labyrinth structure, and Arturo P rez-Reverte's study of hypertextuality in works like El club Dumas (The Dumas Club, Suma de Letras, 2000). Although Riuz Zafon uses some complex metaphors to imitate Carax's melodramatic style, his language is mostly clear and accessible to all readers. Recommended for public libraries and bookstores.Leda Schiavo, Univ. of Illinois, Chicago Copyright 2002 Reed Business Information, Inc.              --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.


SparkNotes: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe Home → SparkNotes → Literature Study Guides → The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe C. S. Lewis Lack of Characters by callum715 , September 02, 2012 In the section with a more in-depth analysis of the more major characters, it doesn't contain any in-depth analyses of the other Pevensie children, which are arguably major characters.


The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: Douglas Adams: 9780345391803: Amazon.com: Books The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Add all three to Cart Add all three to List Buy the selected items together This item:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams Mass Market Paperback $7.19 In Stock. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details The Restaurant at the End of the Universe by Douglas Adams Mass Market Paperback $7.98 In Stock. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Page 1 of 1 Start over Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . Coma Girl: part 1 (Kindle Single) Stephanie Bond An accident put me in this hospital bed where I lie a victim of my friends & family who think I can't hear them. But I SO can. Devastated Lands: Part 1: A Post-Apocalyptic Thriller Bruce Perry Shane and Mikaela try to survive an erupting Mount Rainier's lahars and the resulting chaos and violence. A series debut Amazon short read. Kindle Edition The Shepherds' War Tony Kordyban It's Detroit in the summer of 1968. Can Spencer rescue his brother from an army of KGB psychics? After all, heâs ten-and-a-half years old already. The Druid Gene Jennifer Foehner Wells It's the most dangerous game in the galaxy. Winning means freedom. Losing means death. The druid gene makes her a target, but it may also save her. Ad feedback Special Offers and Product Promotions Editorial Reviews Amazon.com Review Join Douglas Adams's hapless hero Arthur Dent as he travels the galaxy with his intrepid pal Ford Prefect, getting into horrible messes and generally wreaking hilarious havoc. Dent is grabbed from Earth moments before a cosmic construction team obliterates the planet to build a freeway. You'll never read funnier science fiction; Adams is a master of intelligent satire, barbed wit, and comedic dialogue. The Hitchhiker's Guide is rich in comedic detail and thought-provoking situations and stands up to multiple reads. Required reading for science fiction fans, this book (and its follow-ups) is also sure to please fans of Monty Python, Terry Pratchett's Discworld series, and British sitcoms. Review Don't panic! Here are words of praise for The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy! "It's science fiction and it's extremely funny...inspired lunacy that leaves hardly a science fiction cliche alive." Washington Post "The feckless protagonist, Arthur Dent, is reminiscent of Vonnegut heroes, and his travels afford a wild satire of present institutions." Chicago Tribune "Very simply, the book is one of the funniest SF spoofs ever written, with hyperbolic ideas folding in on themselves." School Library Journal "As parody, it's marvelous: It contains just about every science fiction cliche you can think of. As humor, it's, well, hysterical." Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . New York Times best sellers Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more Product Details Series: Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (Book 1) Mass Market Paperback: 224 pages Publisher: Del Rey; Reissue edition (September 27, 1995) Language: English Shipping Weight: 1.6 ounces ( View shipping rates and policies ) Average Customer Review: on July 7, 2015 Format: Kindle Edition Verified Purchase I was very late reading this book. When it became the popular thing to do, decades ago, I was too busy with the curse of making a living. Now there are


SparkNotes: The Catcher in the Rye Home → SparkNotes → Literature Study Guides → The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye J. D. Salinger Rye by DaveMacDonald , September 01, 2012 'The song “Comin’ Thro’ the Rye” asks if it is wrong for two people to have a romantic encounter out in the fields, away from the public eye, even if they don’t plan to have a commitment to one another.' I thought the 'Rye' referred to in Robert Burns' poem was the river Rye, hence the lines: 'Jenny's a wet poor body, Jenny's seldom dry'. In this regard it is about two people who meet at a river with no crossing, which will cause people to question why one of them is wet and what they have been doing.


Who moved my cheese? Full Movie - YouTube Who moved my cheese? Full Movie Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Sep 4, 2013 We do not owned Who moved my cheese? The Movie, Based on the book "Who Moved My Cheese" by Spencer Johnson, M.D. All copyright goes to: Movie originally copyrighted in 2003. Credits:Original illustrations by Steve Pileggi ; animation by Wyat Germer, Benjamin Burnett ; original music by Brad Smith, Songsmith Productions. Responsibility: Spencer Johnson MD & Double Take Productions presents ; produced & directed by L. Dee Johnson ; a production of LDJ Film Productions. Category


The Little Prince (2015) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A little girl lives in a very grown-up world with her mother, who tries to prepare her for it. Her neighbor, the Aviator, introduces the girl to an extraordinary world where anything is possible, the world of the Little Prince. Director: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 41 titles created 12 Aug 2014 a list of 41 titles created 01 Jan 2015 a list of 37 titles created 11 months ago a list of 29 titles created 8 months ago a list of 40 titles created 1 month ago Title: The Little Prince (2015) 7.8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 1 win & 5 nominations. See more awards  » Videos In a world where dinosaurs and humans live side-by-side, an Apatosaurus named Arlo makes an unlikely human friend. Director: Peter Sohn Ben, a young Irish boy, and his little sister Saoirse, a girl who can turn into a seal, go on an adventure to free the faeries and save the spirit world. Director: Tomm Moore An adventurous girl finds another world that is a strangely idealized version of her frustrating home, but it has sinister secrets. Director: Henry Selick Snoopy embarks upon his greatest mission as he and his team take to the skies to pursue their arch-nemesis, while his best pal Charlie Brown begins his own epic quest back home to win the love of his life. Director: Steve Martino The magically long-haired Rapunzel has spent her entire life in a tower, but now that a runaway thief has stumbled upon her, she is about to discover the world for the first time, and who she really is. Directors: Nathan Greno, Byron Howard Stars: Mandy Moore, Zachary Levi, Donna Murphy A young orphaned boy raised by underground cave-dwelling trash collectors tries to save his friends from an evil exterminator. Directors: Graham Annable, Anthony Stacchi Stars: Ben Kingsley, Jared Harris, Nick Frost Continuing his "legendary adventures of awesomeness", Po must face two hugely epic, but different threats: one supernatural and the other a little closer to his home. Directors: Alessandro Carloni, Jennifer Yuh Nelson Stars: Jack Black, Bryan Cranston, Dustin Hoffman Manolo, a young man who is torn between fulfilling the expectations of his family and following his heart, embarks on an adventure that spans three fantastic worlds where he must face his greatest fears. Director: Jorge R. Gutiérrez A young boy named Kubo must locate a magical suit of armor worn by his late father in order to defeat a vengeful spirit from the past. Director: Travis Knight A pilot, stranded in the desert, meets a little boy who is a prince on a planet. Director: Stanley Donen The friendly but forgetful blue tang fish begins a search for her long-lost parents, and everyone learns a few things about the real meaning of family along the way. Directors: Andrew Stanton, Angus MacLane Stars: Ellen DeGeneres, Albert Brooks, Ed O'Neill The special bond that develops between plus-sized inflatable robot Baymax, and prodigy Hiro Hamada, who team up with a group of friends to form a band of high-tech heroes. Directors: Don Hall, Chris Williams Stars: Ryan Potter, Scott Adsit, Jamie Chung Edit Storyline From Mark Osborne comes the first-ever animated feature film adaptation of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's iconic masterpiece, The Little Prince. At the heart of it all is The Little Girl, who's being prepared by her mother for the very grown-up world in which they live - only to be interrupted by her eccentric, kind-hearted neighbor, The Aviator. The Aviator introduces his new frien


And Then There Were None (TV Mini-Series 2015) - IMDb And Then There Were None  TV-14 | Ten strangers are invited to an island by a mysterious host, and start to get killed one by one. Could one of them be the killer? Writer: a list of 44 titles created 08 Dec 2015 a list of 24 titles created 10 months ago a list of 28 titles created 10 months ago a list of 41 titles created 6 months ago a list of 49 titles created 4 weeks ago Title: And Then There Were None (2015) 8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards  » Videos War & Peace (TV Mini-Series 2016) Drama | History | Romance As the Russian conflict with Napoleon reaches its peak, five aristocratic families face the possibility of their lives being changed forever. Stars: Paul Dano, James Norton, Lily James Ross Poldark returns home after American Revolutionary War and rebuilds his life with a new business venture, making new enemies and finding a new love where he least expects it. Stars: Aidan Turner, Eleanor Tomlinson, Jack Farthing The Night Manager (TV Mini-Series 2016) Crime | Drama | Mystery The night manager of a Cairo hotel is recruited to infiltrate an arms dealer's inner circle. Stars: Tom Hiddleston, Hugh Laurie, Elizabeth Debicki The hunt is on to find the murderer of a wealthy glamorous heiress who is found dead in her London townhouse. Based on the short story by Agatha Christie. Stars: Toby Jones, Billy Howle, Kim Cattrall A high school teacher travels back in time to prevent John F. Kennedy's assassination. Stars: James Franco, Sarah Gadon, George MacKay Ten people are invited to an isolated island, only to find that an unseen person is killing them one by one. Could one of them be the killer? Director: René Clair Desperate Romantics (TV Series 2009) Drama Period drama set in London about the rise of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Stars: Samuel Barnett, Sam Crane, Josie Farmiloe Edit Storyline It's 1939 and Europe teeters on the brink of war. Ten strangers are invited to Indian Island, an isolated rock near the Devon coast in southern England. Cut off from the mainland, with their generous hosts Mr and Mrs U.N. Owen mysteriously absent, they are each accused of a terrible crime. As each member of the party starts to die one by one, the survivors realize that one of them is a killer and start to turn on each other. Written by BBC 26 December 2015 (UK) See more  » Also Known As: Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia There are only seven seconds in which all ten main actors are in the same room. See more » Goofs At the end, when the judge tries to cover up his own suicide; even if the gun did in some way end up in the other half of the table it would be very clear to anyone that would come to investigate the scene that he killed himself just from the angle of the shoot cause there is no way someone else standing across him could shoot him down the neck, besides the entry of the bullet the investigators would find out that the shoot was done in very close proximate. So the intention of the killer to make the unsolvable crime wasn't achieved even by a little. See more » Crazy Credits Names of the actors are excluded from the title sequence after their character has died in the episode preceding. See more » Connections None delivers mysterious charm of secluded souls like Agatha Christie 29 December 2015 | by quincytheodore (Indonesia) – See all my reviews For a series based on famous literature work, there is a persistent effort on BBC to create proper feel for characters and isolated vista from the novel pages. The series looks strikingly posh, beautifully made with crisp cinematography while the actors play as palpable deceptive characters. This is back to the core of mystery thriller inspired by work of masterful writer and it's certainly deliciously inviting. One might have read or seen this trademark Agatha Christie's flair before, several dubious personalitie


The Wind in the Willows (TV Movie 1983) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Wind in the Willows ( 1983 ) TV-G | One spring, Mole decides that he can ignore the spring cleaning for a little longer, and begins a series of adventures with his new friend Rat. They go for a picnic on the riverbank, on a ... See full summary  » Directors: a list of 1056 titles created 10 Nov 2011 a list of 3 titles created 13 Jan 2014 a list of 220 titles created 25 Jan 2015 a list of 12 titles created 11 months ago a list of 40 titles created 8 months ago Title: The Wind in the Willows (TV Movie 1983) 7.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards  » Photos Based on the characters created by Kenneth Grahame, this award winning animated series follows the adventures of Mole as he leaves home to discover the world. Mole finds friendship with Rat... See full summary  » Stars: Richard Pearson, Peter Sallis, Michael Hordern When three tight friends Mole, Ratty, and Badger, find out that the infamous Mr. Toad of Toad Hall has been up to no good, they must find him and change his ways for good. Director: Dave Unwin Mole's underground home is bought by the Weasels from wealthy landowner Mr. Toad and Mole is thrown out. He and Rat start to fight to get his home back from evil Weasels. Director: Terry Jones Rat, Mole and Badger try to curb Mr. Toad's wild ways before he ruins himself and the other animals of the forest. Director: Rachel Talalay     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.4/10 X   Badger, Rat and Mole are trying to save Toad Hall and its owner, their rich irresponsible airhead playboy friend Toad, from himself, as well as financial ruin, the court and a gang of conspiratorial weasels who have their eye on the place. Directors: Jules Bass, Arthur Rankin Jr. Stars: Charles Nelson Reilly, Roddy McDowall, José Ferrer Disney "Mini-Classic" version of the tale. First released as a double-feature: The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad. Directors: James Algar, Jack Kinney Stars: Basil Rathbone, Eric Blore, J. Pat O'Malley The Wind in the Willows II (TV Movie 1983) Adventure | Family | Fantasy Danger Mouse, the greatest secret agent in the world, must follow Colonel K's orders (and try not to break Professor Squawkencluck's inventions) to foil Baron Greenback's and his henchman Stiletto's plans. Stars: David Jason, Terry Scott, Edward Kelsey The misadventures of a little Peruvian bear living in London, UK. Stars: Michael Hordern, Joel Grey Mole disappears while answering what he thinks is an urgent summons from Rat, forcing Badger to enlist Toad and his new airplane in a frantic search party. Director: Dave Unwin Animated series telling the story of many beloved Beatrix Potter Characters Stars: Niamh Cusack, Enn Reitel, Mary Jane Bowe Edit Storyline One spring, Mole decides that he can ignore the spring cleaning for a little longer, and begins a series of adventures with his new friend Rat. They go for a picnic on the riverbank, on a caravan expedition with Toad, until Toad switches allegiance to his new car and his reckless driving makes Mole and Rat search out Badger for help in curbing Toad's profligate habits. But Toad gets away from them and gets a 20-year sentence from the magistrate for theft, reckless driving, and Gross Impertinence. While Toad works his wiles on the jailer's daughter and escapes jail dressed as a washer woman, Badger tries to guard Toad Hall from the machinations of the Weasels and is badly beaten. And it requires a plan of attack and all four comrades to regain Toad Hall. Written by Kathy Li 27 December 1983 (UK) See more  » Also Known As: Det susar i säven See more  » Filming Locations: One of the backdrop illustrators was future Stone Roses guitarist John Squire See more » Quotes Badger : Do you mean


The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care?

The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care: Benjamin Spock M. D., Dorothea Fox, Sam Sloan: 9784871879699: Amazon.com: Books The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care Add all three to Cart Add all three to List Buy the selected items together This item:The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care by Benjamin Spock M. D. Paperback $29.95 In Stock. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Paperback $12.95 Prime Paperback $12.48 Prime Paperback $10.88 Prime Page 1 of 1 Start over Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . THE BABY CRYING GUIDE: PRACTICAL ADVICE TO CALM OR TREAT EXCESSIVE CRYING AND COLIC DR MARK ANTHONY Simple advice to help you decide whether your baby has colic, reflux, cow's milk allergy or something else, and what to do about it Kindle Edition The Secret Principles of Genius: The Key to Unlocking Your Hidden Genius Potential I. C. Robledo I sense a hidden genius ability within you. It is a shame to live life with oneâs genius potential wasted. It doesnât have to be that wayâ¦. Ad feedback Special Offers and Product Promotions Editorial Reviews About the Author Benjamin McLane Spock was born on May 2, 1903. He was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Throughout its first 52 years, Baby and Child Care was the second-best-selling book, next to the Bible. Its message to mothers is that "you know more than you think you do. He died on March 15, 1998. Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . Product Details Publisher: Ishi Press (April 23, 2013) Language: English Shipping Weight: 1.7 pounds ( View shipping rates and policies ) Average Customer Review: By MSProfessor on May 25, 2012 Format: Hardcover Verified Purchase The product I ordered was the original edition of Dr. Benjamin Spock's 1946 "Common Sense book of baby and child care." The product I received is the much less exciting 1976 revised edition of the book. I am HUGELY disappointed. I specifically need the 1946 copy and was thrilled to find out that it was available for such a reasonable price. Original copies are not easy to come by, and as a historian, edition dates matter. I won't return this book because it's too much of a hassle, but I would never have purposely bought this edition. FALSE advertising. You should make sure your products match what Amazon is advertising them as. THUMBS DOWN!


What name was given to a legendary substance believed to turn base metals (notably lead) into gold or silver?

Philosophers Stone, Alchemy - Crystalinks The Philosopher's Stone The philosopher's stone is a legendary substance, allegedly capable of turning inexpensive metals into gold. It was sometimes believed to be an elixir of life, useful for rejuvenation and possibly for achieving immortality. For a long time, it was the most sought-after goal in Western alchemy. In the view of spiritual alchemy , making the philosopher's stone would bring enlightenment upon the maker and conclude the Great Work. It is also known by several other names, such as 'materia prima.' The Philosopher's Stone, the White Stone by the River, The Sword in the Stone, all the same, meaning that which contains the knowledge of creation, a symbol that represents the final outcome of man's inner transformation, of the conversion of the base metal of his outer character to the golden properties of his higher self.  It is all about the evolution of consciousness in the alchemy of time. The Stone in Alchemy Transmutation of Metals The concept apparently originated from the theories of the 8th century Islamic alchemist Geber. He analyzed each Aristotelian element in terms of four basic qualities of hotness, coldness, dryness, and moistness. Thus, fire was both hot and dry, earth cold and dry, water cold and moist, and air hot and moist. He further theorized that every metal was a combination of these four principles, two of them interior and two exterior. From this premise, it was reasoned that the transmutation of one metal into another could be effected by the rearrangement of its basic qualities. This change would presumably be mediated by a substance, which came to be called al-iksir in Arabic (from which comes the Western term "elixir"). It was often imagined as a dry powder, made from a mythical stone - the "philosopher's stone". The stone was believed to have been composed of a substance called carmot. Geber's theory and the concept of the philosopher's stone may have been inspired by the knowledge that metals like gold and silver could be hidden in alloys and ores, from which they could be recovered by the appropriate chemical treatment. Geber himself is believed to be the inventor of aqua regia, a mixture of muriatic and nitric acids, which is one of the few substances that can dissolve gold (and is still often used for gold recovery and purification). The Stone as a Spiritual Metaphor Alchemy has always made extensive use of analogy, symbolism, and so forth to relate chemical and physical concepts to esoteric and mystic ones. In some epochs and contexts, these metaphysical aspects came to predominate, and the chemical processes were then viewed as mere symbols of spiritual processes. In this hermetic side of alchemy, the "philosopher's stone", supposed to to be the most tangible and dense crystalization or condensation of a subtle substance, became a metaphor for an inner potential of the spirit and reason to evolve from a lower state of imperfection and vice (symbolized by the base metals) to a higher state of enlightenment and perfection (symbolized by gold). In this view, spiritual elevation, the transmutation of metals, and the purification and rejuvenation of the body were seen to be manifestations of the same concept. The mystical revival in the late 20th century renovated the public interest on alchemy, and particularly on this metaphysical and philosophical conception of the philosopher's stone - which is now subscribed by many people, especially within several New Age movements. The Stone and Modern Science Though the notion of a simple philosopher's stone of the alchemic sense fell out of scientific conception by at least the 19th century, its metaphors and imagery persisted: man's attempt to discover the essential secret of the universe, redemptively transforming not just lead into gold, but death into life. In 1901, Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy discovered that radioactivity was a sign of fundamental changes within elements, and it was Soddy who quickly made the connection between this and the ancient search for the philosopher's s


The sweet variety of the plant genus Musa is more commonly known as what?

Banana Plant Classification | Garden Guides Banana Plant Classification Submit Overview Bananas (Musa spp.) and plantains arise from the same types of plants, differing only in the amount of sweet sugar or blander starch in the fruits produced. Although often called "banana trees," the plants are actually tropical herbs that grow from fleshy underground roots called rhizomes or corms. Today there are hundreds of different bananas/plantains in existence because of mankind's selection and breeding to create plants with varying fruit sizes, colors and flavors as well as better resistance to plant disease. General Plant Type Banana plants are angiosperms (flowering plants) and are further characterized as monocotyledons, more commonly called monocots. Monocots have a single seed leaf, parallel leaf veins, no cambium layer and floral parts in multiples of three. The lack of a cambium layer in banana plants is the reason they technically cannot be called trees, even though some can grow 20 to 30 feet tall. Family Designation The banana is placed into the botanical family Musaceae, known simply as the banana family. Both banana and plantain plants are further grouped together into the genus Musa, separating them from the only other genus in the family, Ensete. Since Muscaceae is a family of monocots, other closely related families include the heliconia family (Heliconiaceae) and bird-of-paradise family (Strelitziaceae). The Genus Musa There are about 35 different species of banana/plantain in the genus Musa, with origins of all the plants being tropical southern and southeastern Asia and extreme northern Australia. Modern plants that produce edible fruits typically have lineage centering on the species Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. Taxonomic Sections According to the Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry, bananas were broken into five, now four, sections within the Musa family based on plant and fruit characteristics and/or region of nativity. The names of the current four sections are Australimusa, Callimusa, Musa and Rhodochlamys. Most edible bananas/plantains are from the sections Australimusa and Musa, while those plants regarded more as ornamental plants remain in Callimusa and Rhodochlamys. Ploidy and Modern Breeding Most edible bananas originate from two species in the section Musa: Musa acuminata (A) and Musa balbisiana (B). Complex hybridization of bananas leads to new plants, called culitvars, that typically have varying amounts of chromosomes from either of these two species. Ploidy refers to the number of chromosome sets (genome) in the cells of banana plants. The natural number of chromosomes is considered diploid, such as AA for Musa acuminata and BB for Musa balbasiana.   Genetic manipulation results in new plants that combine chromosomes from these parent plants. Triploid genomes (like AAB, AAA, ABB) as well as tetraploid types (AAAA, AABB, etc.) can be created. The vast majority of edible bananas worldwide today are triploids, according to the Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Interestingly, bananas with BB and BBB genomes do not effectively produce edible banana fruits. Cultivars Among the most name-recognizable bananas are those ambiguously called "Cavendish," which refers to a sizable number of plants with triploid genome (AAA). Cultivar names of plants in this group of edibles include 'Giant Cavendish,' 'Dwarf Cavendish' and 'Extra Dwarf Cavendish.' Another group of triploid bananas are those called "Pacific plantains" (AAB) and include cultivars like 'Pome,' 'Silk' and 'French.' In fact, according to Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry, the cultivar 'French' is commonly labeled as Musa paradisiaca, which is actually a hybrid derived from Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana, not a species. Keywords: banana taxonomy, banana classification, Musa About this Author James Burghardt has written for "The Public Garden," "Docent Educator," nonprofit newsletters and for horticultural databases, becoming a full-time writer in 2008. He's gardened and worked professionall


What is this thing? Photo by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio I’m not a big fan of definitions in astronomy. I’ve been pretty clear about this in the past ; Nature is way less anal about boundary lines than humans are. Borders between categories of objects are fuzzy, and while it’s OK to put things in boxes (Jupiter is a planet, the Sun is a star, the Milky Way is a galaxy), it can get tougher when you have two similar objects that you nevertheless think should be on opposite sides of the line. It can be confusing. And then you have what happened on QVC recently. Advertisement QVC is an online and TV shopping channel. Recently, host Shawn Killinger was featuring a line of cardigans by designer Isaac Mizrahi. She described the pattern on one: “It almost kind of looks like what the Earth looks like when you’re a bazillion miles away from the planet moon.” To her credit she laughs at herself and says she just meant to say “looking back at the planet from the Moon,” not “planet moon”. But then the conversation takes an odd turn . Watch: Killinger at first correctly says the Sun is a star, and the Moon is not a star. But then Mizrahi says the Moon is a planet, and she questions that, saying the Moon was never included when you learn the planets. She also goes back to saying it’s a star. Someone off screen then gets on Google, and says “the Moon is a natural satellite.” This confuses both Killinger and Mizrahi, who then quickly move on to selling more clothes. Advertisement Let me cut through the confusion: The Sun is a star, a huge object that has ongoing nuclear fusion in its core. At the lower mass limit, the definition of “star” can get fuzzy , but the Sun is way to one side of that line, so we’re good. Is the Moon a star? No. No fusion in its core, and not even close. It’s not a star. Is the Moon a planet? Well, not really, as a planet is an object that orbits a star, and the Moon orbits the Earth (and yes, wannabe pedants, it really does orbit the Earth and not the Sun ). A satellite is a generic term for an object that orbits another object. You could say the Earth is a satellite of the Sun and be technically correct, though that’s not usually how the term is used. The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth; it orbits Earth, and is not artificial. Another term for “satellite” is (lowercase M) moon, so the Moon is a moon. A weather satellite is then an artificial moon. Advertisement Phil Plait writes Slate’s Bad Astronomy blog and is an astronomer, public speaker, science evangelizer, and author of Death From the Skies!   Advertisement By the definition decreed by the IAU, a planet orbits the Sun. But each component of a binary planet orbits the other one. So are they a planet, or two planets, or two satellites, or what? I could argue any and all of these. The fact that the definition falls apart so easily is a pretty good indication that using a definition is a bad idea in the first place. The center of mass of the Earth-Moon system is inside the Earth, so we can safely say the Moon orbits the Earth. But if the Moon were a bit more massive, it wouldn’t be quite so clear. Ceres , the largest asteroid, was thought to be a planet for a few years before it got reclassified into the new category of “asteroid.” And it’s way smaller than the Moon. What if the Earth didn’t exist? The Moon is pretty big, and if it orbited the Sun where the Earth is now, would we call it a planet? I don’t think so, since according to the IAU definition, a planet has to be massive enough to gravitationally affect all the objects that share nearby orbits (it’s “cleared the neighborhood around its orbit” is how it’s confusingly stated), and I think the Moon would fail that criterion. But that’s not a great definition either, to be honest. It’s complicated and weird and still mighty fuzzy along the borders. My gut feeling is that if we saw a solar system exactly like ours, but with a Moon-sized thing where the Earth is now, we might call it a planet. Happily, I have a brain as well as my gut, and my brain says, “So w


Racip Erdogan is a leader (at 2011) of what nation?

Is Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan transforming a nation? - The Economic Times Is Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan transforming a nation? By AP | Updated: Jul 21, 2016, 11.54 PM IST "The tarnished souls of the faithless were eaten up, finished and defeated before the souls of the faithful," the president said Wednesday. Budget 2017: Can Arun Jaitley make you & economy happy? Click for our special Budget 2017 coverage ISTANBUL: The stunning sweep of Turkey 's crackdown following an attempted coup last week forces questions about how far President Recep Tayyip Erdogan will go in a tense, conspiracy-fueled country. While the purges may be designed to derail any future insurrections, there are increasing concerns that Erdogan is seizing the moment to transform Turkey, steering it from its secular roots toward a more pious Muslim model and cementing personal power at the expense of democratic ideals. The mass dismissals of Turkish teachers and closure of hundreds of schools allegedly linked to the coup plotters suggest societal shifts are afoot that could empower Erdogan's conservative Islamic base. And if answers to Turkey's course lie in presidential rhetoric, the coup plotters, and possibly a wider circle of government opponents, can expect little tolerance after an insurrection in which renegade soldiers drove tanks in city streets and fired on civilian protesters. "The tarnished souls of the faithless were eaten up, finished and defeated before the souls of the faithful," the president said Wednesday. "Know that this will not be their first defeat, this is how it will be from now on." Turkey, a NATO ally that describes itself as a bridge between east and west, is truly at a crossroads, embarking on a path whose ultimate consequences may not even be entirely clear to the leader who has dominated the nation of 80 million for more than a decade. For the West, the stakes are high because strategically located Turkey, spanning Asia and Europe, is considered a vital partner in efforts to contain terrorism and regulate mass migration from Syria and other conflict zones. After the failed uprising, Turkey's elected government arrested or dismissed tens of thousands in the military, the courts, education and other sectors _ "everywhere you can think of," one Turkish newspaper columnist wrote _ and declared a three-month state of emergency. The country, observers say, could veer deeper into the authoritarian conduct that Erdogan has increasingly been accused of, or it could eventually honor pledges to uphold democracy after a temporary suspension of freedoms. Erdogan is taking a hard line, saying he will consider supporters' calls to reinstate the death penalty, a move that would defy international rights conventions and perhaps irrevocably shatter Turkey's hopes of joining Europe as a full partner. Mehmet Simsek , Turkey's deputy prime minister, said the rule of law will be upheld during the state of emergency and "we will use it in a fashion closer to our allies, like France and others." And while Erdogan thanked political opposition parties for opposing the July 15 coup attempt, some analysts believe his triumphalist declarations show he is inclined to target rivals after a coup scare that exposed vulnerabilities in his security. The extent of purges, aimed at supporters of Fethullah Gulen, a U.S.-based cleric and former Erdogan ally blamed for the uprising, raised speculation that the rebellion fallout accelerated plans to overhaul Turkish institutions, accomplishing in days what might have taken years. "Erdogan has always envisioned remaking Turkish society and undoing what he sees as the excesses of Kemalism," the secular ideology of Turkish national founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, wrote Howard Eissenstat, an associate professor of Middle East history at St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York. "Now he is doing so with far greater force; this is a revolution. In 1980, the generals staged a successful coup aimed at totally remaking society. It was accompanied by mass detentions, purges of public institutions, and des


Polly Toynbee is a British writer and journalist mainly on?

Polly Toynbee (Writer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Polly Toynbee Female Born Dec 27, 1946 Mary Louisa Toynbee, known as Polly Toynbee is a British journalist and writer, and has been a columnist for The Guardian newspaper since 1998. She is a social democrat and broadly supports the Labour Party, while urging it in many areas to be more left-wing. During the 2010 general election she called for tactical voting to keep out the Conservatives with the hope that this would lead to a Lab-Lib coalition supporting proportional representation.…  Read More related links Don't Treat Us As Migrants, Hungarian Pm Tells Cameron â Politics Live Guardian (UK) - Jan 07, 2016 ' Rolling coverage of all the dayâs political developments as they happen  Osborne says Britain needs to be ready for interest rate increase Livingstone says Labour defence review will consider case for leaving Nato Labour HQ overrules Livingstone on Nato Lunchtime summary  3.31pm GMT  Here is the Guardianâs Politics Weekly podcast, with Polly Toynbee, Rowena Mason, Toby Helm and Tom Clark discussing the Labour reshuffle and the EU referendum.  Related: Labour\'s long res... Morley Literature Festival Set To Launch Batley & Birstall News - Oct 04, 2012 ' THE seventh Morley Literature Festival gets underway on Saturday with a host of star names, childrenâs entertainment and a little bit of something for everyone.  The headline names for the festival include former Joy Divison and New Order member Peter Hook, BBC 6 Music presenter Stuart Maconie, best-selling crime novelist Val McDermid and Guardian columnist Polly Toynbee, who will all be taking their turns on the main stage of Morley Town Hall during the event. Also appearing... Austerity: Not Just How Much But How National Review Online - May 25, 2012 ' If you listen to those on the political left, you will think that the ongoing meltdown in the euro zone proves that spending cuts are driving the world into another Great Depression. Paul Krugman called the fiscal retrenchment âcriminal folly,â while the famous British journalist Polly Toynbee affirmed that âthe great austerity experiment has failed.â Adopting this view, at their recent Camp David summit meeting, leaders of the G8 nations agreed to pursue growth and job creatio... Opinion: Land Value Tax â An Old Idea With Lots Of Modern Supporters Liberal Democrat Voice - May 10, 2012 ' Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations (1776) was an early proponent of land taxes as was that great radical Tom Paine. \n John Stuart Mill was an advocate and Henry George put the case in âProgress and Povertyâ (1879). \n The economist David Ricardo gave us the concept of economic ârentâ â that land or property derives its value from scarcity rather than investment. \n In the debates before and after the peoples budget of 1909 both Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George argued strongly for ... Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Polly Toynbee. CHILDHOOD 1946 Birth Born on December 27, 1946. TEENAGE During her gap year, in 1966, she worked for Amnesty International in Rhodesia (which had just declared independence) until she was expelled by the government. She published her first novel, Leftovers, in 1966. … Read More Following her expulsion from Rhodesia, Toynbee revealed the existence of the "Harry" letters, which detailed the alleged funding of Amnesty International by the British government.

 After 18 months at Oxford, she dropped out, finding work in a factory and a burger bar and hoping to write in her spare time. She later said "I had a loopy idea that I could work with my hands during the day and in the evening come home and write novels and poetry, and be Tolstoy... But I very quickly discovered why people who work in factories don't usually have the energy to write when they get home." She went into journalism, working on the diary at The Observer, and turned her eight months of experience in manual work (along with "undercover" stints as a nurse and an Army recruit)


What historic capital city is situated where the White Nile and Blue Nile join to form the southern start of the Nile?

The Top-10 River Nile Must-Sees from the source to the Nile Delta   The Top-10 Must-Sees along the length of the River Nile The River Nile is the world's longest and most magical river, playing host to some of Africa's most amazing spots. While most people associate the Nile's must-sees with Egypt, Egypt has just 1,500 of the Nile's 8,250 kilometres - counting both the White and Blue Niles. To claim the true Nile's Greatest Hits, one needs to consider all of the sites from the Nile sources deep in the heart of Africa, along the Nile River Valley to the Nile Delta. So taking that into account, here's the Top-10 River Nile Must-Sees: 1. Cairo, Egypt Ahhh Cairo, Africa's largest city and unrivalled by few anywhere for excitement. It's the type of place where even the air's smell and taste reverberates the city's energy. There's obviously the last remaining ancient world wonder of the Great Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx overlooking the city, but add that to the cluttered, yet jaw-dropping ancient collection at Cairo Museum and the narrow medieval lanes of Islamic Cairo. Cairo is also the gateway to the Nile Delta and that's just the start! Many people's first impressions of Cairo aren't great, but do some planning beforehand to make the most of everything this melting pot has to offer! Away from Cairo's pyramids and museums are the enchanting medieval lanes of Islamic Cairo. 2. Meroe Royal City, Sudan Nowhere along the Nile has a greater concentration of ancient pyramids than the Meroe Royal City in Northern Sudan. More than two hundred pyramids rise elegantly around the rim of a sandy Sahara basin a few miles from the River Nile. Meroe was once the revered capital of the Black Pharaohs who ruled over much of Egypt, but nowadays it is only visited by a handful of people. There is next to no tourism infrastructure close by which means it is common to have these magnificent ancient treasures all to yourself. It's 200km from Khartoum, and there are a few transport options to get there from the capital. Be awed by more than 200 ancient pyramids at Meroe Royal City. 3. Aswan, Egypt Aswan is the Nile you see in story books. The white sails of feluccas dot the glistening river ferrying tourists to botanic islands and charming Nubian villages with a backdrop of golden sandy mountains. Strolling through the colourful markets you'll experience a blend of Nubian and Egyptian culture, but for Colonial Victorian grandeur, overlooking the Nile from the deck of the Old Cataract Hotel would be hard to top. On a day trip to Abu Simbel on Lake Nasser, you will see arguably the most awe-inspiring temples from ancient Egypt. Brace yourself for when you first set eyes on the giant statues of Abu Simbel close to Aswan. 4. Lake Tana, Ethiopia There are few better places to enjoy Ethiopia's beautiful culture, food and dance than in Bahir Dar on the shores of Lake Tana. The palm-lined streets lead to a jetty where pelicans play and boats take you to any of the lake's 37 islands. On 20 of the islands there are historic monasteries as old as 700 years, each emblazoned with wall-sized colourful murals and treasures ranging from mummified remains of Ethiopian emperors, to their swords, to their old books. My favourite monastery is the men-only Daga Istefanos perched on a cliff on a bushy island overlooking Lake Tana - sorry girls, even hens, nanny goats and she-donkeys aren't allowed, but there are plenty of other interesting monasteries to visit. Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile and a handy spot to see upper reaches of the river from. Monks and 700-year old Monesteries dot Lake Tana's lush islands in the Ethiopian Highlands. 5. Jinja, Uganda The adventure capital of Uganda on the northern side of Lake Victoria is home to some of the best commercial whitewater rafting in Africa. Friendly and professional rafting operators offer adrenaline-packed rafting adventures on the White Nile. The trips crash down through unspoilt forests with plenty of wildlife including birdlife, cheeky monkeys and a few crocodiles sunning themselves on


What London landmark became the UK focus of global protests in October 2011 against corporate greed?

Across the world, the indignant rise up against corporate greed and cuts | The Independent Across the world, the indignant rise up against corporate greed and cuts Violence mars Rome protest, but in scores more cities tens of thousands take peacefully to the streets Saturday 15 October 2011 23:00 BST Click to follow Across the world, the indignant rise up against corporate greed and cuts 1/8 8/8 AP Protests against corporate greed, executive excess and public austerity began to gel into the beginnings of a worldwide movement yesterday as tens of thousands marched in scores of cities. The "Occupy Wall Street" protest, which started in Canada and spread to the US, and the long-running Spanish "Indignant" and Greek anti-cuts demonstrations coalesced on a day that saw marches or occupations in 82 countries. Some protests were small, as in Tokyo, where only 200 turned up; some were large, as in Spain, where around 60 separate demonstrations were staged; and some were muted, as in London, where nearly 2,000 intending to march on the Stock Exchange obeyed police who turned them back. As dusk fell, some 500 of them were kettled in St Paul's churchyard. Containment tactics were also used by police in New York last night as thousands of demonstrators were penned behind barricades in Times Square. They had marched through Manhattan and protested outside the city's banks, withdrawing their money as they did. Only one of the protests, in Rome, was violent. Here, among an estimated 100,000 protesters, were a few who broke away and hurled bottles, smashed shop windows, torched cars and attacked news crews. There were reports that the defence ministry had been partly trashed. Most of the disorder took place near the Colosseum, and police charged the protesters and fired water cannon. Some demonstrators fled, but others turned against the troublemakers, trying, with limited success, to stop them. Italy, with a national debt ratio second only to Greece's in the 17-nation eurozone, is rapidly becoming a focus of concern in Europe's debt crisis. But even in Germany – part of the solution to the crisis rather than the problem – around 4,000 people marched through the streets of Berlin with banners that urged the end of capitalism. Some scuffled with police as they tried to get near the country's parliamentary buildings. In Frankfurt, continental Europe's financial capital, some 5,000 people protested in front of the European Central Bank. In Spain, six marches were set to converge on Madrid's Puerta del Sol plaza just before dusk yesterday. This is the country where, in May, groups which became known as the Indignant Movement established the first around-the-clock protest camps that lasted for weeks in cities and towns. Portuguese angry at their government's handling of the economic crisis were due to protest in central Lisbon later yesterday evening. Portugal is one of three European nations – the others being Greece and Ireland – that have already needed an international bailout. In Stockholm, 500 people gathered to hear speakers denounce capitalism at a peaceful rally. They held up red flags and banners that read: "We are the 99 per cent" and "We refuse to pay for capitalism's crisis". The reference was to the world's richest 1 per cent, who control billions in assets, while billions around the world live in poverty or are struggling economically. Bilbo Goransson, a trade union activist, declared through a megaphone: "There are those who say the system is broke. It's not. That's how it was built. It is there to make rich people richer." Anti-banking protests outside St Paul's cathedral yesterday drew a crowd of around 2,000. The "Occupy London" protesters gathered with the intention of taking over the plaza in front of the London Stock Exchange but were turned back at Temple Bar by mounted police. The crowds returned to St Paul's churchyard where WikiLeaks' Julian Assange spoke briefly. The singer Billy Bragg was also in the crowd. "Today is about accountability," he said. "People want to see a change in the way things are done." He belie


What UK newspaper's grossly wrong reporting of the 1989 Hillsborough soccer stadium disaster still causes it to be boycotted in Liverpool over 20 years later?

Wings over Sealand | No justice for the 96 No justice for the 96 Posted on      September 13, 2012     by      RevStu I wish I didn't have to write what I'm about to write. There's no possible benefit to it for me. All it will bring me is hatred, abuse and threats, some from people whose feelings I care about. It won't make any difference to anything, because only a handful of people will ever read it and most of those who do will be outraged by it. But I have to do it anyway. I'm trapped – trapped by conscience, trapped by sanity, and trapped by the words of the smartest, most perceptive writer who ever lived. "Journalism is printing what someone else does not want printed: everything else is public relations." (George Orwell) On the 15th of April 1989, ninety-six people went to a football match and didn't come home. They died in hideous scenes which were broadcast to the world and splashed across newspaper front pages, and they died as a result of a catastrophic combination of circumstances, which had any one of them not been present would have averted the disaster. Yet of all those factors, there's one that nobody is allowed to talk about, despite the fact that it's the one that actually killed every single victim. Damn everyone whose cowardice means that the burden of saying so has landed on someone as stupid, inappropriate and hopelessly ill-equipped for the task as me. Warning: the following piece contains distressing images. I haven't seen the death certificates of the 96 victims of Hillsborough. But I'm going to make an assertion anyway, without fear of contradiction – not a single one of them lists the cause of death as "incompetence" or "inexperience". The vast majority died of asphyxiation, crushed to death by the weight of hundreds of bodies pressing them against unyielding steel fences or the concrete steps of the terracing. Yet despite 23 years of investigations, reports and analysis, the most blindingly obvious fact is never spoken. The pressure that caused that crush didn't come out of nowhere. It wasn't an act of God, it wasn't a freak gravity storm. It came from behind them, and every ounce of it came from human beings. Specifically, it came from Liverpool fans. Almost every organisation or group involved at Hillsborough made a contribution to the deadly events that played out on that day. The FA inexplicably allocated the Leppings Lane end to the Liverpool fans, giving the far larger Kop stand at the opposite side to the less-numerous supporters of Nottingham Forest, despite the Leppings Lane end having suffered repeatedly from overcrowding issues in previous years. (See chapter 1, pages 6-7, of the Hillsborough Independent Panel report for details.) Sheffield Wednesday FC, despite making some modifications in the wake of previous events, had failed to take any effective action with regard to either the West terracing's capacity or logistics which would have avoided such issues. That lack of action was compounded on the day by inadequate policing and stewarding which failed to note the dangerous situation developing in the central pens and divert fans away to the side pens where there was more room. (Although according to this report in the Liverpool Echo , the fences inside all the terracing pens separating them from each other were locked in the "open" position, allowing fans to move between the pens.) A police commander with no experience in similar events was paralysed by indecision at vital moments. Officers on the pitch failed to grasp the gravity of the situation until it was too late, believing it to be a public-order issue rather than a public-safety one. As the disaster unfolded, ambulances which could have saved many of the victims were prevented by the police from coming to their aid for the same reason. Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar saw what was happening and pointed it out, but initially played on rather than bringing the game to a stop. But none of these failings caused a single death. Neither the FA, Sheffield Wednesday, the police commanders, the officers on duty


The New Zealand All Blacks rugby union team badge emblem is a silver?

New Zealand - The Silver Fern and Other Emblems This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website New Zealand - The Silver Fern and Other Emblems The silver fern as a new flag proposal The Silver Fern The Silver Fern is widely used in New Zealand to signify New Zealandness. It  is incorporated in the badges of most Army units, and more importantly it forms  the wreath surrounding the central badge on Regimental Colours (equivalent to  the UK Union Wreath and the Canadian �autumnal maple leaves�). Todd Mills, 11 Nov 1997 I believe the rugby All Blacks first played overseas (NSW) in 1884 when they wore a gold fern leaf on blue jerseys. In 1905 they changed to a silver fern on the now-famous all-black uniform. NZ Army contingents first saw overseas service in the South African war of 1899-1902, and they wore fern leaf badges. By WWI the fern leaf was the predominant badge in the Army, much like the Canadian maple leaf, which served as the background for all units raised for the CEF. I don�t have good documentation on pre-1900 NZ Army badges, but fern leaves seem to have made their first appearance in the 1860s (maybe). In the British Army, the Union Wreath (roses, thistles, shamrocks) surrounding a central device has long been a major feature of Regimental Colours. Around 1900 (I can�t find the exact date), this was changed in the Dominions to a wreath of a national plant ( Canada = maple, Australia = wattle, South Africa = protea, New Zealand = fern). Todd Mills, 07 Sep 1998 Silver Fern Flag image by Pascal Gross, 7 September 1998 By reading the results of this poll [organized by FlagWire ],  it appear that people voting in favour of a new flag for New Zealand often mentioned  the Black flag with the silver fern present on the rugby team ( All Blacks ) jersey. Pascal Gross, 7 September 1998 Fern with lettering image by Ant�nio Martins, 26 April 2006 A flag with regular white lettering and silver fern on black, as shown at http://www.silverfernz.com/prodView.asp?idproduct=542 , is a popular design used by sport fans. Large image at http://www.silverfernz.com/Prodimages/big_images/029F_big.jpg . Ant�nio Martins, 26 April 2006 Fern replacing Union Jack You quite often see a flag at sporting events which is the current national flag with the Union Jack replaced by a silver fern on black, but I don't think many are really considering that as an alternative national flag. James Dignan, 20 May 2006 Fighting Kiwi image by Jorge Candeias, 6 June 2001 A similar flag [to the boxing kangaroo ] called the Fighting Kiwi  has become popular in New Zealand, another country where the continued use of  the Union jack is also in question. Neither of these animal flags, however,  is a serious contender to replace the present national flags. Jorge Candeias, quoting from [ cra90 ],  6 June 2002 I believe that ownership of the "Fighting Kiwi" Flag design, from New Zealand, is held by Peter J. Hume, Director of Flagmakers in Thorndon, Wellington. The "Fighting Kiwi" Flag was designed by New Zealand artist, Peter Bonner, at the request of Peter J. Hume, between February-August 1988, as a response to Australia's "Boxing Kangaroo" Flag and to support New Zealand's campaigns to win the America's Cup Yacht Race, first at the 1988 challenge and then successfully in 1995. Since then, I believe it has not only been used during the next campaigns in 2000 and 2003, but also generally displayed to support other New Zealand sporting teams competing at other international events. Further details about the origin of the "Boxing Kiwi" Flag has been published in Flags Australia's journal, "Crux Australis", Vol. V, No.2-22, April 1989. Peter J. Hume can be contacted at Flagmakers, https://www.flagmakers.co.nz , Postal address: P.O. Box 9545, Wellington 614 Ralph Bartlett, 24 July 2012 This flag was also proposed by a Barry Palmer from Canterbury, New Zealand in the recent contest for a new national flag of New Zealand. Source: New Zealand Government website: https://www.govt.nz/browse/engaging-with-government/the-n


In physics, mass multiplied by velocity equals what, represented by the symbol P?

Momentum momentum Momentum and Its Conservation - Lesson 1 - The Impulse-Momentum Change Theorem Momentum Real-World Applications The sports announcer says, "Going into the all-star break, the Chicago White Sox have the momentum." The headlines declare "Chicago Bulls Gaining Momentum." The coach pumps up his team at half-time, saying "You have the momentum; the critical need is that you use that momentum and bury them in this third quarter." Momentum is a commonly used term in sports. A team that has the momentum is on the move and is going to take some effort to stop. A team that has a lot of momentum is really on the move and is going to be hard to stop. Momentum is a physics term; it refers to the quantity of motion that an object has. A sports team that is on the move has the momentum. If an object is in motion (on the move) then it has momentum. Momentum can be defined as "mass in motion." All objects have mass; so if an object is moving, then it has momentum - it has its mass in motion. The amount of momentum that an object has is dependent upon two variables: how much stuff is moving and how fast the stuff is moving. Momentum depends upon the variables mass and velocity . In terms of an equation, the momentum of an object is equal to the mass of the object times the velocity of the object. Momentum = mass • velocity In physics, the symbol for the quantity momentum is the lower case p. Thus, the above equation can be rewritten as p = m • v where m is the mass and v is the velocity. The equation illustrates that momentum is directly proportional to an object's mass and directly proportional to the object's velocity. The units for momentum would be mass units times velocity units. The standard metric unit of momentum is the kg•m/s. While the kg•m/s is the standard metric unit of momentum, there are a variety of other units that are acceptable (though not conventional) units of momentum. Examples include kg•mi/hr, kg•km/hr, and g•cm/s. In each of these examples, a mass unit is multiplied by a velocity unit to provide a momentum unit. This is consistent with the equation for momentum.   Momentum as a Vector Quantity Momentum is a vector quantity. As discussed in an earlier unit, a vector quantity is a quantity that is fully described by both magnitude and direction. To fully describe the momentum of a 5-kg bowling ball moving westward at 2 m/s, you must include information about both the magnitude and the direction of the bowling ball. It is not enough to say that the ball has 10 kg•m/s of momentum; the momentum of the ball is not fully described until information about its direction is given. The direction of the momentum vector is the same as the direction of the velocity of the ball. In a previous unit, it was said that the direction of the velocity vector is the same as the direction that an object is moving. If the bowling ball is moving westward, then its momentum can be fully described by saying that it is 10 kg•m/s, westward. As a vector quantity, the momentum of an object is fully described by both magnitude and direction.   The Momentum Equation as a Guide to Thinking From the definition of momentum, it becomes obvious that an object has a large momentum if both its mass and its velocity are large. Both variables are of equal importance in determining the momentum of an object. Consider a Mack truck and a roller skate moving down the street at the same speed. The considerably greater mass of the Mack truck gives it a considerably greater momentum. Yet if the Mack truck were at rest, then the momentum of the least massive roller skate would be the greatest. The momentum of any object that is at rest is 0. Objects at rest do not have momentum - they do not have any " mass in motion ." Both variables - mass and velocity - are important in comparing the momentum of two objects. The momentum equation can help us to think about how a change in one of the two variables might affect the momentum of an object. Consider a 0.5-kg physics cart loaded with one 0.5-kg brick and moving with a speed of 2.0 m/s. The total mas


The Latin pectus refers to what part of the human body?

Create Human Body Lesson Plans with Latin Roots Create Human Body Lesson Plans with Latin Roots With Latin roots your human body lesson plans become a tremendous resource for new vocabulary words. Many of these derivatives are simple enough for grade school students to learn, others can be found on the SAT and GRE exams. Take a moment to read our lists of human body derivatives. CAPUT, CAPITIS: Start with the HEAD! CAPITAL CITY: What’s the HEAD city of your country or state? CAPTAIN: Who’s at the HEAD of this ship? CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: Don’t lose your HEAD! DECAPITATE: Off with their HEADS! CAPITULATE: Ever nod your HEAD in surrender when you give up? RECAPITULATE: Just summarize the high points, the HEADS, if you will. PER CAPITA: How many Latin scholars per HEAD in your school? PRECIPICE: Don’t fall HEADLONG over the cliff! [In many compound words, the –a- of capitis becomes an –i-] PRECIPITATE: The leader’s actions PRECIPITATED a war, i.e. caused the nation to speed HEADLONG into war. CHAPTER: Find more material below under a new HEADING! OCULUS, OCULI: EYE, to see new vocabulary! OCULIST: Set your goals high, become an EYE doctor! BINOCULARS: Or become bird watcher, but look carefully with BOTH EYES! MONOCLE: Or study precious stones, looking carefully with ONE EYE! OCULAR: You CAN believe your EYES, if you have OCULAR proof! OCULUS: As an architect, build a dome with an EYE for gazing out at the stars! OCULATE: In the OCULATE feathers of the peacock’s tail you will find the hundred EYES of Argus. INOCULATE: Oculus is EYE, it’s true. But it’s also a BUD, and so when a doctor implants an antigen to protect you from future disease, you are said to be inoculated. NASUS, NASI: Your NOSE will sniff out several new words! NASAL: Of or pertaining to the NOSE – A NASAL passage, a NASAL whine. NALALISE: Know anyone who speaks through the NOSE? NASALITY: A tone of voice when speaking through the NOSE. NASOPALATINE: Relating to the NOSE and palate. NASOSCOPE: An instrumental for examining inside the NOSE. NASO: The genus of several species of unicorn fish, with protruding NOSES! [As in nasocaeruleacauda, or blue-tailed nose fish] OS, ORIS: ORAL: Become an ORAL surgeon to help those with diseases of the MOUTH! ORATION: Use your MOUTH for public good – Give a passionate speech! ORATOR: With practice, you may become influential using your MOUTH! ORATORY: The art of public SPEAKING is important to develop early in life. PERORATION: The final persuasive conclusion of a SPEECH. PERORAL: Doctors administered the drug THROUGH the MOUTH (i.e. PERORALLY). PECTUS, PECTORIS: New words from the heart (actually, the CHEST) PECTORAL: The guys at the beach were really flexing their CHEST muscles. PECTUS: The BREAST of a bird. PARAPET: They built a CHEST-high wall around the entire yard. Find more Latin roots for your human body lesson plans: Check back frequently to find more vocabulary help with your human body lesson plans!


What was the population of the world at 31 Oct 2011 according to the United Nations?

U.N. Reports 7 Billion Humans, but Others Don’t Count on It - The New York Times The New York Times World |U.N. Says 7 Billion Now Share the World Search Continue reading the main story Photo Was this baby born Monday in New Delhi the seven billionth human? Statistically possible, say United Nations demographers. India has over one billion of the world's roughly seven billion people. Credit Lynsey Addario for The New York Times Feeling claustrophobic? You’re not alone. According to United Nations demographers, 6,999,999,999 other Earthlings potentially felt the same way on Monday when the world’s population topped seven billion. But if you’d rather go by the United States Census Bureau’s projections , you’ve got some breathing room. The bureau estimates that even with the world’s population increasing by 215,120 a day, it won’t reach seven billion for about four months. How do the dueling demographic experts reconcile a difference, as of Monday, of 28 million, which is more than all the people in Saudi Arabia? They don’t. “No one can know the exact number of people on the globe,” Gerhard Heilig, chief of the population estimates and projections section of the United Nations Population Division, acknowledges. Even the best individual government censuses have a margin of error of at least 1 percent, he said, which would translate in the global aggregation to “a window of uncertainty of six months before or six months after Oct. 31.” An error margin of even as little as 2 percent would mean that Monday’s estimate of seven billion actually was 56 million off (which is more people than were counted in South Africa). The Census Bureau’s global population clock gives the pretense of greater precision. It projects that about 255 people are born every minute (about 367,000 a day) while about 106 die (roughly 153,000 a day). At that rate, the world’s natural increase would be about 78.5 million a year, or well more than the entire population of France, Britain or Thailand. Advertisement Continue reading the main story “We don’t use a population clock,” said Mr. Heilig. “It’s a bit silly.” The two agencies begin with censuses and other vital statistics from more than 228 countries and other political entities, then project births and deaths, estimate the migration of refugees and project mortality rates from AIDS and other epidemics. Differences in interpreting the individual figures and how they fit together account for the overall disparities. Generally, the bureau’s projections lag behind those of the United Nations by up to a year (the population will reach eight billion in either 2026 or 2025, they figure, respectively). Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. Sign Up Privacy Policy “Realistically, the uncertainty is at least 2 percent and that’s for the 75 percent of the world for which we have recent official counts or estimates,” Joel E. Cohen, head of the Laboratory of Populations at Rockefeller University and Columbia University, said Monday. “Now, world population is estimated to be growing by about 1.1 percent per year. Hence each percent uncertainty in total count translates into almost one year uncertainty in the date by which the population grows past a given threshold. Bottom line: world population passes seven billion sometime in the last year or two or the next year or two, most likely.” Professor Cohen added, though, “Today’s as good a day as any to be aware of the problems of the world’s population and to begin to take action to solve them.” Daniel Goodkind, a demographer in the Census Bureau’s Population Division, said the different estimates were still “remarkably close.” “Although birthrates and death rates have both declined sharply since the 1960s,” he said, “death rates have declined more rapidly than birthrates. The cumulative effect of the excess of births over deaths in recent decades has led to a successive attainment of billion-person milestones every 12 or 13 years.” Dr. Goodkind said the bureau revise


Traditional UK government terminology for the persuasion of ministers to vote according to party policy is called?

The Bureaucratic Role and Party Governance (Symposium Report 3) — The Tokyo Foundation Related Articles The first two sessions of the symposium discussed the relationship between legislators and bureaucrats and party governance issues. Panelists including the British ambassador to Japan, members of the Japanese and British parliaments, and academics exchanged views on ways to improve their political systems. Click here for the symposium program and list of panelists. For an overview of the British parliamentary system, click here . To learn about the Japanese parliamentary system, click here.   Session 1: The Relationship between Legislators and Bureaucrats Professor Hideaki Tanaka, director of the Research Division at the Tokyo Foundation, began the session by highlighting two issues, namely those of the sectionalism of the ministries and the relations between politicians and bureaucrats. Bureaucracy in Britain Ambassador David Warren began his presentation by stating that the civil service he joined 33 years ago was still dominated by its principal officials and, to a certain degree, by the structure that had been laid down in the nineteenth century. In the 1870s, reformers replaced a system of political patronage and preferment by family connections with a system of selection of civil servants by competitive examination and promotion by merit. Academic and intellectual strength came to be the criteria by which civil servants were selected. This reform put the Civil Service on a par with other professions, in terms of the esteem in which individuals were held. HM Ambassador to Japan David Warren The Second World War propelled the next great shift of emphasis. The Civil Service was galvanized by the mobilization of the state behind the industrial, social, and military organization that was necessary to wage total war. Talent was then recruited from the widest range of professional backgrounds, which diluted the traditional generalism of the Civil Service. After 1945, the Labour government introduced a system for the recruitment of civil servants, adapted from that used during the war for the appointment of officers in the armed services. The basis of this system still applies today: civil servants are expected to have the intellectual skills and personal qualities required to analyze complex problems, make objective recommendations for consequential action, and observe the highest standards of personal integrity and political impartiality. Civil servants advise on policies, and ministers decide on them; this is as it should be, because it is the politicians who are elected to make these choices. They accordingly shoulder the responsibility for them and suffer the political consequences, good or bad, of the choices they make. The culture and style of the Civil Service has changed remarkably over the last three decades. It is true that the Civil Service has in the past seen itself as a "permanent administration," whose members will continue in office even when their transient political masters have moved on. The obvious advantage of such a model is that it enshrines absolute objectivity and affords the historical and professional knowledge that enables decisions to be made with a real understanding of the external context in which they have to be taken, as well as their probable consequences. But the disadvantage is that institutional objectivity represents a permanent bias towards the status quo. The system can give the civil servant great leverage over the terms in which the policy is formed, while detaching him or her from the consequences of the decision. In the 1940s, civil servants were anonymous. Increasingly, though, media scrutiny and freedom of information mean that their actions are more public. There is no area where a civil servant can expect to be immune from direct scrutiny. In the Civil Service, independence, objectivity, and freedom from political patronage have been important principles of employment. These virtues have sometimes led to excessive detachment from the political imperatives set by ministers


What French term, meaning 'high dressmaking', refers internationally to expensive designer clothing, typically of leading fashion houses?

The Secret World of Haute Couture. - BBC Documentary - YouTube The Secret World of Haute Couture. - BBC Documentary Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Feb 25, 2013 The Secret World Of Haute Couture. Thanks to BBC. From Wikipedia: ________________ HAUTE COUTURE: "Haute couture", French for "high sewing" or "high dressmaking" or "high fashion") refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing. Haute couture is made to order for a specific customer, and it is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finished by the most experienced and capable seamstresses, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. "Couture" means dressmaking, sewing, or needlework and is also used as a common abbreviation of haute couture and refers to the same thing in spirit."Haute" means elegant or high. An haute couture garment is made specifically for the wearer's measurements and body stance. It originally referred to Englishman Charles Frederick Worth's work, produced in Paris in the mid-nineteenth century. In modern France, haute couture is a "protected name" that can be used only by firms that meet certain well-defined standards. In France, the term "haute couture" is protected by law and is defined by the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Paris based in Paris, France. The "chambre syndicale de la haute couture" is defined as "the regulating commission that determines which fashion houses are eligible to be true haute couture houses". Their rules state that only "those companies mentioned on the list drawn up each year by a commission domiciled at the Ministry for Industry are entitled to avail themselves" of the label haute couture. The chambre does a lot more than decide which companies are haute couture. They deal with piracy of style, foreign relations and coordination of the fashion collection timetables, and do some international advertising for the French fashion industry.The chambre also runs a Paris couture school to teach up and coming designers and technicians the couture trade.The school helps bring new designers to help the couture houses that are still present today. The criteria for haute couture were established in 1945 and updated in 1992. To earn the right to call itself a couture house and to use the term haute couture in its advertising and any other way, members of the Chambre syndicale de la haute couture must follow these rules:   - Design made-to-order for private clients, with one or more fittings. - Have a workshop (atelier) in Paris that employs at least fifteen people full-time. - Must have twenty full-time technical people in at least one atelier (workshop). - Each season (i.e., twice a year), present a collection to the Paris press, comprising at least thirty-five runs/exits with outfits for both daytime wear and evening wear. However, the term haute couture may have been misused by ready-to-wear brands since the late 1980s, so that its true meaning may have become blurred with that of prêt-à-porter (the French term for ready-to-wear fashion) in the public perception. Every haute couture house also markets prêt-à-porter collections, which typically deliver a higher return on investment than their custom clothing. Falling revenues have forced a few couture houses to abandon their less profitable couture division and concentrate solely on the less prestigious prêt-à-porter. These houses are no longer considered haute couture. Category


What national population is projected (as at 2011) to overtake China in 2020 as the largest in the world?

National Geographic Magazine - NGM.com Special Series: 7 Billion Population 7 Billion There will soon be seven billion people on the planet. By 2045 global population is projected to reach nine billion. Can the planet take the strain? By Robert Kunzig Photograph by Randy Olson One day in Delft in the fall of 1677, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a cloth merchant who is said to have been the long-haired model for two paintings by Johannes Vermeer—“The Astronomer” and “The Geographer”—abruptly stopped what he was doing with his wife and rushed to his worktable. Cloth was Leeuwenhoek’s business but microscopy his passion. He’d had five children already by his first wife (though four had died in infancy), and fatherhood was not on his mind. “Before six beats of the pulse had intervened,” as he later wrote to the Royal Society of London, Leeuwenhoek was examining his perishable sample through a tiny magnifying glass. Its lens, no bigger than a small raindrop, magnified objects hundreds of times. Leeuwenhoek had made it himself; nobody else had one so powerful. The learned men in London were still trying to verify Leeuwenhoek’s earlier claims that unseen “animalcules” lived by the millions in a single drop of lake water and even in French wine. Now he had something more delicate to report: Human semen contained animalcules too. “Sometimes more than a thousand,” he wrote, “in an amount of material the size of a grain of sand.” Pressing the glass to his eye like a jeweler, Leeuwenhoek watched his own animalcules swim about, lashing their long tails. One imagines sunlight falling through leaded windows on a face lost in contemplation, as in the Vermeers. One feels for his wife. Leeuwenhoek became a bit obsessed after that. Though his tiny peephole gave him privileged access to a never-before-seen microscopic universe, he spent an enormous amount of time looking at spermatozoa, as they’re now called. Oddly enough, it was the milt he squeezed from a cod one day that inspired him to estimate, almost casually, just how many people might live on Earth. Nobody then really had any idea; there were few censuses. Leeuwenhoek started with an estimate that around a million people lived in Holland. Using maps and a little spherical geometry, he calculated that the inhabited land area of the planet was 13,385 times as large as Holland. It was hard to imagine the whole planet being as densely peopled as Holland, which seemed crowded even then. Thus, Leeuwenhoek concluded triumphantly, there couldn’t be more than 13.385 billion people on Earth—a small number indeed compared with the 150 billion sperm cells of a single codfish! This cheerful little calculation, writes population biologist Joel Cohen in his book How Many People Can the Earth Support?, may have been the first attempt to give a quantitative answer to a question that has become far more pressing now than it was in the 17th century. Most answers these days are far from cheerful. Historians now estimate that in Leeuwenhoek’s day there were only half a billion or so humans on Earth. After rising very slowly for millennia, the number was just starting to take off. A century and a half later, when another scientist reported the discovery of human egg cells, the world’s population had doubled to more than a billion. A century after that, around 1930, it had doubled again to two billion. The acceleration since then has been astounding. Before the 20th century, no human had lived through a doubling of the human population, but there are people alive today who have seen it triple. Sometime in late 2011, according to the UN Population Division, there will be seven billion of us. ( Pictures: Population 7 Billion. ) And the explosion, though it is slowing, is far from over. Not only are people living longer, but so many women across the world are now in their childbearing years—1.8 billion—that the global population will keep growing for another few decades at least, even though each woman is having fewer children than she would have had a generation ago. By 2050 the total number could reach 10.5 billi