Who was the British Foreign Secretary at the outbreak of World War II?

World War II British Foreign Office and Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) Files PC/MAC   From 1782 to 1968, the Foreign Office (FO), in England was responsible for all correspondence with foreign states and negotiations with representatives of other states, liaising with other ministries where necessary. The Foreign Secretary was responsible for the conduct of the British Government's foreign policy on a day to day basis and for presenting that policy to the Cabinet and Parliament. It was replaced by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in 1968, when the Foreign Office merged with the Commonwealth Office to become the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Both the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) reported to the Foreign Secretary. The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British World War II organisaion created  to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, and to aid local resistance movements. It was established after Cabinet approval, it was established by Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton on 22 July 1940.  The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the British intelligence agency which supplies the British Government with foreign intelligence. The idenity of the head of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) was to always remain a secret. Thus in ducments e was always refered to as "C." Highlights from the files include: Relationship between Special Operations Executive (SOE)  and the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) FO File 1093/155 contains documents dating from July 19, 1940 to November 14, 1942. Relations between SIS and SOE were difficult from the creation of SOE in July 1940 until it was wound up in 1946. SOE had been formed to 'set Europe ablaze' by engaging in sabotage and subversion, whereas SIS's job was to collect secret information, an activity that could be disrupted by SOE tactics. In return, SOE Chief, Sir Frank Nelson, complained in March 1942, that 'the general key word from top to bottom in the SIS organisation has been to delay rather than expedite the natural expansion of SOE'. The two organisations competed for resources and facilities and the friction between them led to 'a deplorable state of affairs', according to one note. During the war various attempts were made to affect a working compromise, and in 1942 each organisation was keen to list its grievances, which are documented in this file. 'C', in particular, was keen that ministerial control over SOE should revert from the Ministry of Economic Warfare to the Foreign Office. The file includes a copy of a report by the Joint Planning Staff dated 15 May 1942 on SOE and SIS coordination. Accounts of British liasions with U.S. official in Washington and London FO File 1093/238 contains documents dating from June 6, 1940 to January 29, 1943. In August 1940 Sir William Stephenson, head of British Security Coordination (BSC) in Washington,  forwarded to SIS a scheme for 15 Englishmen to write one article each per month 'presenting the English point of view dramatically and continuously to the thirty million readers of American magazines'. A note from 'C' to Cadogan dated 1 April 1941 stated that according to Stephenson, the 'President has stated categorically to my liaison that he proposes 'to act to bring USA in [to the war] very shortly'. Other reports from Stephenson concern the appointment of William J. 'Wild Bill' Donovan to an intelligence role in June 1941. Stephenson commented: 'You can imagine how relieved I am after three months of battle and jockeying for position at Washington that 'our man' is in a position of such importance to our efforts'. The file also contains a colourful account of US politician Wendell Willkie's tour of the Middle East and Russia. He reportedly made a 'great impression' on Stalin and wielded a sub-machine gun at a drunken party in which he pretended to shoot an apple off someone's head. Japanese intercepted communications discussing the possibility of wa


Tennis Court Dimensions & Measurements Bowling Tennis Court Dimensions & Measurements Tennis court dimensions are universal is size.  Below is a diagram  showing tennis court measurements and dimensions.  You can also view our Quick Facts About Tennis Court Measurements . Tennis Court Details Quick Facts About Tennis Court Measurements Q:  What is the length and width of a   tennis court? A:  The width of a tennis court is 78   feet, or 39 feet on each side of the net.  The width is 36 feet   for doubles and 27 feet for singles. Q:  How tall should the net be? A:  It should be on the ground and three feet tall at the   center. Q:  How far should tennis courts be   apart from each other? A:  A minimum of 12 feet.  Q:  How much space should their be   between the court and the fence (backstop)? A:  21   feet is the minimum recommendation. Q:  How far is the pole from the   sideline? A:  Three feet. Q:  How wide should the lines be? A:  Two inches. The History of Tennis:  Yesterday & Today Tennis is a sport played by people of all ages, on all levels of  society.  Basically, anyone who can hold a racquet, even those in  wheelchairs, can play the game of tennis.  It is played by millions  of people recreationally, and it is a popular spectator sport as well. The earliest origins of tennis can be traced back to 12th century  France, where a game was played that involved striking a ball with the  palm of the hand.  It was not until the 16th century that racquets  began being used and the game began to be called "tennis," from the Old  French term tenez, which can be translated as "hold," "receive," or  "take." Tennis then was played largely indoors, and it was actually the  invention of the lawn mower in 1830 which helped eventually move the  sport outside. Between 1859 and 1865, Harry Gem and his friend, Augurio Perera,  developed a game which combined elements of racquets and the Basque ball  game pelota, which they played on Perera's croquet lawn in Birmingham,  England, United Kingdom.  Along with two local doctors, they  founded the world's first tennis club in Leamington Spa in 1872.  Much of the credit for modern tennis, however, goes to Walter Clopton  Wingfield, who patented a similar game in 1873 called sphairistikè.  He even produced a boxed set with a net, poles, racquets, and balls for  playing the game.  U.S. socialite Mary Ewing Outerbridge purchased  one of the sets and eventually helped bring the first American National  championship to Staten Island, New York, in September 1880. The four major championships in tennis today are referred to as the  "Grand Slam." The Grand Slam consists of the Australian Open, the French  Open, Wimbeldon, and the U.S. Open.  Apart from the Olympic Games,  the Davis Cup, the Fed Cup, and the Hopman Cup, they are the only  tournaments regulated by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  Grand Slam tournaments are the only tour events which feature  mixed-doubles play.  They also carry larger prize funds, are worth  double the number of ranking points to the champion, and feature more  singles players than other tournaments. Tennis is played in every country around the world, making it the  most universal sport in the world.  This universality and  accessibility ranks tennis among the top five most popular sports around  the globe. Terms of Service & Disclaimer:  The measurements, dimensions and layouts   depicted on this site should not be used for official   organizational sporting events, including events sanctioned   by, but not limited to, the NBA, NFL, MLS, MLB, IOC, NCAA, NAIA, or any other   sporting organization that exists.  This site's primary purpose is to provide measurements and   dimensions for general sporting activities and games and should not be   used for official sporting events.  Images on this site may not   be reproduced electronically.  By accessing this website you   agree to our Terms of Service & Disclaimer.


In which British city would you find Shrub Hill railway station?

Where we are - Worcester City Council Worcester City Council Tel : 01905 722233 (Monday to Friday 9am - 5pm) We are open The normal opening hours of Worcester's Customer Service Centre are : Day Sunday CLOSED We are also open for telephone enquiries on 01905 722233 on Monday to Friday 9am - 5pm. Travel Information National Rail enquiries telephone: 0345 48 49 50 (Timetables and fares)   Foregate Street Station Foregate Street Worcester. Shrub Hill Station Shrub Hill, Worcester. Bus Routes First Midland Red Travel Shop. Foregate Street Railway Station Telephone: 01905 663 888 Birmingham Airport. Join the M42 southbound at Junction 6 then turn onto M5 southbound. Follow until Junction 6 and onto the A4440. Otherwise taxis are available outside the airport. Parking availability St Martins Gate Multi-storey 810 Spaces Travel Connections Situated between Junctions 6 and 7 of the M5, road access from Worcester to the national motorway network is easy. Two railway stations within the city offer an alternative way of travel accessing London Paddington and Birmingham and the NEC network. Birmingham International Airport and the Eurohub are within an hour's ride, with direct flights to the USA and 28 European cities. ROAD Situated on the M5 motorway with two junctions, giving easy access from any part of the city to the rest of the country. Birmingham is 43 kilometres away, Bristol 98 and Cardiff 121, while London is just 193 kilometres. RAIL Worcester is located on the cross-roads of two main lines. There is a regular and frequent service to Birmingham while the Inter-City service links Worcester to London Paddington in just over 2 hours. AIR Birmingham International Airport - the "Eurohub" - is no more than one hour away by train and 35 minutes by car. There are direct flights to the United States and 28 European cities as well as 8 domestic destinations. The airports at Bristol and Cardiff are also within easy reach. Distances from Worcester to key industrial areas (Miles) Birmingham 40


Which Jane Austen novel begins 'The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex'?

JASNA - Maps of the Novels Maps of the Novels Terms of Use Where’s Where in Jane Austen’s Novels A defining characteristic of Jane Austen’s fiction is its realism, which is manifest in details of speech, manner, lifestyle, and even geography.  In each novel her “3 or 4 Families in a Country Village” are situated in a specific part of England.  Sense and Sensibility, her first published novel, begins, “The family of Dashwood had been long settled in Sussex.” Austen uses the removal of the Dashwood women from Norland Park in Sussex to Barton Cottage in distant Devonshire to underscore both their exile from a cherished home and their displacement from an established social position to a modest life among strangers. Austen always names the county in which a novel’s action is set and often mentions cities and landmarks, though her villages and estates are invented.  This section reproduces maps of the novels from Where’s Where in Jane Austen . . . and What Happens There, by Patrick Wilson, published by the Jane Austen Society of Australia.  Jane Axelrod, a JASNA member in the Metropolitan New York Region, created the map of London.


Which former England cricket captain died in December 2012?

Tributes pour in for former England cricket captain Tony Greig | Sport | The Guardian Tributes pour in for former England cricket captain Tony Greig • South African suffers heart attack while fighting lung cancer • Greig was admired as a player, commentator and innovator Tony Greig bowls for England against Australia at Old Trafford in 1977. Photograph: Bob Thomas/Getty Images Nick Duxbury Saturday 29 December 2012 17.22 EST First published on Saturday 29 December 2012 17.22 EST Close This article is 4 years old A "take-no-prisoners attitude" allied with flair was one of the many tributes paid to the former England cricket captain Tony Greig, who has died at the age of 66. Greig, who was admired for his skills as a player, commentator and innovator, suffered a heart attack at his Sydney home in the early hours of Saturday morning, having fought lung cancer for more than two months. Born in Queenstown, South Africa, he captained Sussex and earned 58 Test caps for England, 14 as captain. Renowned as a tenacious all-rounder, in his latter years he became known for his enthusiasm and wilfully provocative style in the commentary box, where he served in England and Australia. Greig's controversial leading role in Kerry Packer's World Series Cricket ultimately led to his playing career winding down. Dennis Lillee, who along with Greig was one of the main players in the evolution of WSC, said: "He had a take-no-prisoners attitude which helped him lead England with flair and toughness." Richie Benaud echoed that sentiment, saying: "Everything he did was strong. It might not go right but it was strong." Sir Ian Botham said Greig was a "flamboyant and extrovert" figure who "changed cricket for everybody as we know it now. He revolutionised the game. The players of today have a lot to be thankful for in Tony and Kerry Packer." Bob Willis, another former England team-mate, was a dissenter against WSC but admitted it ultimately benefited the sport. "It was a torrid time back in 1977. People took very entrenched positions and it wasn't very pleasant being a Packer player in county cricket but I think some of us realised our mistakes. Tony had a tremendous effect on my career. He persuaded me to get really fit and that totally revolutionised my career. I never had another injury and went on to take over 300 Test wickets. It's a very sad day for cricket. Sixty-six is no sort of innings." Nasser Hussain praised Greig, "a dramatic sort of guy with the blond locks and his collar up", for revolutionising cricket, while the England and Wales Cricket Board chairman, Giles Clarke, described him as "magnificent and fearless". Geoff Boycott had offered him advice about combating cancer. "Tony was mentally ready to tackle the disease and prepared for his chemotherapy in the new year. His death is a huge shock." Glenn McGrath, Shane Warne, the Australia coach Mickey Arthur and the Test captain Michael Clarke added their tributes, while Australia's prime minister, Julia Gillard, said the country had lost "one of sport's iconic voices". Swashbuckling former England cricket captain who signed up with Kerry Packer's breakaway commercial World Series Cricket Published: 30 Dec 2012


In which British city would you find Snow Hill Railway Station?

Snow Hill Station Snow Hill Station 1852 - 1972 : 1987 - Present Snow Hill station (Birmingham Station until 1858) was the prestige station in Birmingham - the epitome of GWR  opulence with its grand Great Western Hotel frontage, mosaic floors in the platform tea rooms and a vast  subterranean booking hall and goods offices - immaculately covered with white salt-glazed tiles. Originally  built as a temporary wooden station, Snow Hill was rebuilt in 1871 as a permanent structure and again in 1906 as the grand station depicted in  numerous books and fondly remembered (unsurprisingly when compared to even the pre-1960s New Street!).  Unfortunately, in 1972 following British Rail's decision to electrify the routes through New Street, Snow Hill  became rather superfluous to requirements. In addition to this, maintenance was becoming prohibitively   expensive (which was somewhat accelerated due to the complete neglect the station had faced since the mid   to late 1960s) - the station was slowly creeping down Snow Hill, for example! Thus, the station bowed to the   inevitable and closed in 1972 along with the line up to and including Wolverhampton Low Level and the   tunnel connection through to Moor Street. For those of you wanting a more in-depth study of Snow Hill, I'd recommend   Derek Harrison's book shown in the 'Useful Publications' pages: it may be out of print but well-worth   obtaining if you get the chance. For our purposes, however, the hotel was demolished and trackbed removed   and the obligatory NCP car park installed between the platforms - this state persisted until the mid-1980s.   As can be seen from the above photograph, the 'new' Snow Hill station hasn't quite recaptured the character   of its charismatic namesake - being hidden beneath an office complex. However, the scorched earth policy   of many a station's rebirth was more minimal here so I have divided the study into two pages: this page looks   at the current station itself, the following page looks at the construction upon which the station and trackbed   rests which is original.     Above-left we see the canopied entrance walkway which leads to a suspended 'bridge' taking you  to the booking hall. Above-right we are on platform 3 as an unknown DMU enters the tunnel which emerges at Moor Street.  I have to admit to being a little disappointed that planners in the 1980s sought to recreate a New Street architecture  at platform level (dark, bleak, inhospitable) in stark contrast to the open overall roofed approach taken by the original  architects of Snow Hill.     To further illustrate my point, above-left we are again on platform 3 but looking in the  opposite direction to the previous photograph. Above-right I decided it was time for some fresh air and walked  along platform 3 to look towards what is now St Pauls Metro stop but once would have been goods sidings to  the right, a turntable, and the trackbed disappearing under Livery Street on its way to Hockley station.     Above-left is another shot of this view but taken from a little nearer to the station. Above-right  we are looking back at the station along platform 4 and the single line Metro track can be seen - the terminus of  which lies ahead in this view. It is an interesting shot as it shows that the current station is on a smaller scale than  its GWR predecessor - look at all the open space to the left of the shot. If my recollections of the old station are  correct (I used to explore the site, tunnels and underground structures with a torch and sketchpad during school  holidays in the early 1980s!), the open area ahead and to the left was above the goods offices/loading bay.     The final two shots of the station platform level: above-left I am looking across the platforms  from the end of platform 3 and above-right I am looking back at the station and unobtrusive car park again from  the end of platform 3 with Livery Street to the right and Snow Hill to the left.     Above-left we have moved to the corner of Livery Stree


In which war did the battle of Coronel take place?

Where did World War I take place? | Reference.com Where did World War I take place? A: Quick Answer World War I took place in various countries across Europe, European colonial bases in South America and Africa, the Ottoman Empire in Asia and in Russia. The war was mainly fought on the Eastern and Western Fronts in Europe as well as at sea. It was the German submarine campaigns at sea that eventually turned United States public opinion, leading to America's involvement in World War I. Full Answer World War I initially began on the eastern front in 1914, where Russia invaded East Prussia and Poland. In that same year, battles and mobilizations occurred in the following instances: Russian troops mobilized across the Austria-Hungary border while Britain joined its allies in declaring war against Austria-Hungary and Germany. Russia invaded the German Empire and Austria-Hungary. Germany invaded France and Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia. The U.K., with some assistance from Canada, began fighting Germany at sea and in African areas, including Togo. The Ottoman Empire of Turkey invaded Russia. The Battle of Coronel between Germany and Britain occurred near the Falkland Islands. In 1915, the territories expanded further: German U-boat attacks occurred in the North Atlantic. Germany entered Lithuania and Poland to fight against Russia. Italy invaded Austria. The Allies invaded the Ottoman Empire, while the Ottoman Empire fought Russia in Caucasus. In 1916: The Irish Revolt occurred in Ireland. Battles broke out across the Suez Canal and Northern Turkey between the Ottoman Empire and Russia. Campaigns erupted in the Balkans. In 1917: Germany began unrestricted submarine warfare, leading to the sinking of the Lusitania and U.S. involvement in the war. Germany took hold of the Ukraine and Belarus. In 1918, the war came to an end and several independent states were formed. This included the Ottoman Empire breaking down, and the liberation of Romania.


Give a year in the life of the artist Anthony van Dyck.

Anthony van Dyck | artble.com Anthony van Dyck Antoon Van Dyck, Anthonis van Dyck Date of Birth: Introduction Anthony van Dyck Anthony van Dyck studied under Peter Paul Rubens and was one of his most accomplished students. Van Dyck's career flourished and he went on to become England's leading court painter. Using his own compositional techniques, van Dyck was soon ranked alongside Titian in terms of style and the relaxed elegance of his portraits helped shape English portraiture for almost two centuries. Anthony van Dyck was particularly well-known for redefining the iconographical style as well as his fresh approach to new color schemes. As well as portraits van Dyck also painted biblical and mythological subjects and was an accomplished etcher and engraver in his own right. He would often sketch his works as practise before executing the final version onto canvas. His etchings in particular show his great ability to define light and shadow contrasts and his dexterity in creating fine lines and detail to ensure a realistic rendering of the sitter. Anthony van Dyck Artistic Context Charles I Anthony van Dyck Flanders' art scene prospered during the 17th century and the country produced many talented artists who were in great demand across Europe. This heralded a new era in Counter-Reformation art as well as art from the Protestant North, as Flanders combined these tastes and styles. Anthony van Dyck was the next big artist after Rubens and one of his former students. He gained international recognition for his works and socialized with the Royal courts and aristocracy of Europe, especially those who supported the Counter-Reformation. Van Dyck's work defined elegance and sophistication and helped establish a new era in English portraiture. Anthony van Dyck Biography James Seventh Earl of Derby His Lady and Child Anthony van Dyck Born Anthonis van Dyck to a wealthy cloth merchant in Antwerp in 1599, this red haired boy went on to become the next big painter in the Western world. From an early age Anthony van Dyck showed a keen interest and promising talent in both painting and drawing and this was noted by his mother. She convinced his father to let him finish his schooling and serve as an apprentice under Hendrick van Balen in order to nurture his talent. His mother's intuition paid off and van Dyck's career soon launched. Together with fellow artist and friend, Jan Brueghel the Younger, he opened a tiny, private studio and accepted various commissions from the local people of Antwerp. Word soon got round of this new, young artist and he was later accepted to the studio of Peter Paul Rubens. From then on, Anthony van Dyck was a recognized artist across Europe. He completed a total of 99 paintings, 72 of which were portraits. It is believed that Rubens encouraged him to focus on portraiture as it was obvious that this is where his talent lay. The artist's portraits were mostly of subjects from Royal and aristocratic circles whom he had met on his pilgrimage to Italy. As well as portraits, van Dyck spent a great deal of time painting religious works in Antwerp and these were in great demand from local churches and royalty and the artist was eventually made England's leading court painter. No other artist has lived such a rich life as Anthony van Dyck and this was most probably due to his extremely sensitive nature and devoted relationship with his mother. Just like his paintings, van Dyck's life is a rich picture full of dramatic events. St Martin dividing his cloak Anthony van Dyck Van Dyck's works are known for their smooth finish and bright, bold color schemes, namely his signature use of reds and browns to define, depth, emotion and shape. The artist became popular for reinventing iconographical aspects in his portrait painting. He depicted his subject's naturally while at the same time ensuring their social status was intact. Through emphasizing natural beauty, van Dyck was able to elevate the status and presence of his sitters. His works were not overly-dramatic and this made him popular among the Protestant courts o


Which cricket journalist and former Test Match Special broadcaster died in January this year?

Journalist Martin-Jenkins dies aged 67 | Sports - Geo.tv Journalist Martin-Jenkins dies aged 67 | 0 0 LONDON: Respected English cricket journalist and commentator Christopher Martin-Jenkins has died of cancer at the age of 67, his former colleagues announced on Tuesday. Popularly known as 'CMJ' in Great Britain, Martin-Jenkins was one of the voices of Test Match Special on BBC Radio and previously worked for the Daily Telegraph and the Times. "Desperately sad to tell you that CMJ died peacefully this morning," his friend and colleague Jonathan Agnew said on Twitter. Martin-Jenkins also served as the president of Marylebone Cricket Club in 2010 and 2011. The official Twitter account of Lord's, the home of English cricket, wrote: "Former MCC President Christopher Martin-Jenkins has died. Sad, sad news to start the new year." Martin-Jenkins' son, Robin, played professional cricket for Sussex and made 162 first-class appearances for the country before retiring in 2010. Martin-Jenkins was diagnosed with terminal cancer in January 2012 and released his memoir, entitled 'CMJ: A Cricketing Life', the following April. Former England all-rounder and current broadcaster Ian Botham tweeted: "Very sad to hear of the death of the 'Major'... Christopher Martin Jenkins. Our thoughts are with the family . A true Gentleman !!" Agnew, a long-term collaborator with Martin-Jenkins at the BBC, praised his colleague for having earned the respect of the cricketing world despite having never played at the top level. "He was one of cricket's most respected writers and broadcasters," Agnew told BBC Radio 5 Live. "With modern media now preferring the views and experiences of former Test cricketers, Christopher's authority and respect was gained not through a high-profile playing career, but a deep-rooted love of the game. "It's doubtful if anyone has contributed more in a lifetime to the overall coverage of cricket than Christopher Martin-Jenkins." Current MCC president Mike Griffith said: "CMJ will be sorely missed. "Everyone at MCC shares the sadness now being felt by the cricketing world that his live commentaries will never be heard again." Giles Clarke, chairman of the England and Wales Cricket Board, said cricket had lost "one of its greatest champions". "Christopher was a supremely talented broadcaster and writer; a fount of knowledge about cricket -- both past and present; and, as a devoted supporter of Sussex, someone who cared deeply about County cricket and the wider recreational game," he said. David Richardson, chief executive of world governing body the International Cricket Council, also added his voice to the tributes. "There are few men in cricket who are known simply by the initials and the fact that Christopher was referred to simply as CMJ around the cricket world reflects his standing in the game," he said in a statement. "Cricket has lost two of its most revered commentators in the last few days with the passing of both CMJ and, last week, of Tony Greig. "I know that press boxes around the world will be deeply saddened by the death of two giants of the game and we pass on our condolences to both their families." (AFP) 0 0 Journalist Martin-Jenkins dies aged 67 was posted in sports of Geo TV - https://www.geo.tv on January 01, 2013 and was last updated on January 01, 2013. This news story is related to . Permanent link to the news story "Journalist Martin-Jenkins dies aged 67" is https://www.geo.tv/latest/54104-journalist-martin-jenkins-dies-aged-67 . More From Sports:


Who wrote the novel 'The Cement Garden'?

Ian McEwan on The Cement Garden, sexual gothic and being in the 'toddlerhood of old age' | Books | The Guardian Ian McEwan Ian McEwan on The Cement Garden, sexual gothic and being in the 'toddlerhood of old age' The writer's first novel brought him fame and a reputation for the macabre. As a new production of the book is about to be staged in London, he talks about whether he has lost his bite Ian McEwan: 'The Cement Garden fed into a rather apocalyptic sense of things.' Photograph: Andy Hall Sunday 26 January 2014 14.00 EST First published on Sunday 26 January 2014 14.00 EST Share on Messenger Close Ian McEwan was in Iowa in late 1977, teaching on a writers' workshop, when he got a call out of the blue. An American editor was on the line. She was a fan of his short stories, she said. There were rumours he had just completed his first novel. Would he care to send it? McEwan offers a short, dry laugh. "I said no. I can't imagine what I was doing. And she said: 'Well, what if I got on a plane, stayed with a friend at the workshop, and he happened to leave your novel on the table?' So I said: 'OK.'" A slight pause. "Then she wanted to know what the title was. I had no idea. She said: 'Why don't you call it The Cement Garden ?' I just agreed." He shakes his head. "It hadn't even occurred to me, the business of a title …" The rest is, if not quite history, then at least publishing legend. Just 138 pages long and narrated in the deceptively affectless monotone of a 14-year-old boy called Jack, The Cement Garden tells the story of how he and his three siblings retreat into their own world after the death of their parents . The garden in question may have been concreted over by their father, but it's when their mother dies – and her body requires disposal – that the spare cement comes into its own. Freudians will be able to guess the rest . The book became a cult hit on both sides of the Atlantic, and earned McEwan, as well as a new career as a novelist, an inevitable soubriquet: Ian McAbre. One American critic was wittier: McEwan's fiction, he wrote, paraphrasing Hobbes, was "nasty, British and short". Four decades on, coiled into the corner of a sofa in the formidably tidy lounge of his house in Bloomsbury, London, McEwan could hardly seem less macabre. The sun streams in through the windows as he motions me to sit down. I try to put my finger on who he reminds me of: a studiously unflashy neurologist, perhaps, like the protagonist of his 2005 novel, Saturday. Georgia Clarke-Day and George Mackay rehearsing The Cement Garden at The Vaults, Waterloo. Photograph: Tristram Kenton for the Guardian The universe conjured up by The Cement Garden feels almost unimaginably distant, I say – not least for anyone acclimatised to the more genteel landscapes of McEwan's recent fiction. Where did it come from? "It was the late 70s," he says. "Everyone seemed focused on a sense that we were always at the end of things, that it was all collapsing. London was filthy, semi-functional. The phones didn't work properly, the tube was a nightmare, but no one complained. It fed into a rather apocalyptic sense of things." The book probes some dark places: there are heavy hints of child abuse, and the relationship between Jack and his older sister Julie proves far from innocent (incest is a theme that also occupies McEwan's early short story Homemade ). He shrugs. "I don't know about words like dark. I thought it was funny, too: having a secret like your mum encased in cement in the basement." There is a flicker of a smile. "Maybe that was just me." The Cement Garden is about to be staged by the young company Fallout Theatre , in a new adaptation that preserves all of the menace – and a good deal of the physical horror – of the original. The setting will be appropriately crepuscular, too: former railway tunnels beneath Waterloo station. It's not the first time the book has made its presence felt off the page: in 1993, it was made into a film by writer/director Andrew Birkin , starring Charlotte Gainsbourg as a dangerously playful Julie – the first of se


Wb is the symbol for which SI derived unit?

SI Units SI Units Navigation/Menü: Links auf weitere Seiten dieser Website und Banner   length metre (meter): m (the correct English spelling of the unit is "metre", but the variant "meter" is frequently used in the United States)   SI Prefixes exponent (base 10) of decimal numbers: E n = 10n Factor      Prefix  Symbol 1024 E 24   yotta  Y 1021 E 21   zetta  Z 1018 E 18   exa   E 1015 E 15   peta   P 1012 E 12   tera   T 109 E 9   giga   G 106 E 6   mega   M 103 E 3   kilo   k 102 E 2   hecto  h 101 E 1   deca   da 10-1 E -1   deci   d 10-2 E -2   centi  c 10-3 E -3   milli  m 10-6 E -6   micro µ 10-9 E -9   nano   n 10-12 E-12   pico   p 10-15 E-15   femto  f 10-18 E-18   atto   a 10-21 E-21   zepto  z 10-24 E-24   yocto  y (Please note: all units to the right of the slash are actually in the denominator!) Frequency pascal: Pa = N/m2 = kg/m s2   Energy, work, quantity of heat joule: J = N m = m2 kg/s2   watt: W = J/s = m2 kg/s3   Quantity of electricity, electric charge coulomb: C = s A volt: V = W/A = m2 kg/s3 A   farad: F = C/V = s4 A2/m2 kg   ohm: Omega = V/A = m2 kg/s3 A2   siemens: S = A/V = s3 A2/m2 kg   weber: Wb = V s = m2 kg/s2 A   Magnetic flux density, magnetic induction tesla: T = Wb/m2 = kg/s2 A   henry: H = Wb/A = m2 kg/s2 A2   lux: lx = lm/m2 = cd sr/m2   pascal second: Pa s = kg/m s   metre newton: N m = m2 kg/s2   newton per metre: N/m = kg/s2   watt per square metre: W/m2 = kg/s3   joule per kelvin: J/K = m2 kg/s2 K   Specific heat capacity, specific entropy joule per kilogram kelvin: J/kg K = m2/s2 K   joule per kilogram: J/kg = m2/s2   watt per metre kelvin: W/m K = m kg/s3 K   joule per cubic metre: J/m3 = kg/m s2   volt per metre: V/m = m kg/s3 A   coulomb per cubic metre: C/m3 = s A/m3   Electric displacement, electric flux density coulomb per square metre: C/m2 = s A/m2   farad per metre: F/m = s4 A2/m3 kg   henry per metre: H/m = m kg/s2 A2   joule per mole: J/mol = m2 kg/s2 mol   Molar entropy, molar heat capacity joule per mole kelvin: J/mol K = m2 kg/s2 K mol   coulomb per kilogram: C/kg = s A/kg   gray per second: Gy/s = m2/s3


What is another name for the plant Deadly Nightshade?

Atropa Belladonna, deadly nightshade - THE POISON GARDEN website THE POISON GARDEN website       Atropa belladonna, deadly nightshade Summary For many, the star of the poison plants. Most people have   heard of deadly nightshade even if they have never seen it.   The combination of its ability to kill with its use to beautify by   dilating the pupils gives it a romantic attraction which is hard to   beat. Add to that the hallucinations it may also cause and its   fascination is complete. Its name, 'belladonna', comes from its use by Venetian women to   make themselves 'beautiful ladies' by causing their pupils to   dilate. Blog Entries This short video summarising the story of deadly nightshade is just one of   a series. Family Meaning of the Name Atropa Named for Atropos, one of the 3 Fates, who held the shears which   could cut the thread of life.  Thus, a plant called ‘Atropa’   can end life. In the past, other plants have been called ‘Atropa’   such as Atropa mandragora.   Pliny makes no direct reference to the plant.  He talks about ‘Trychnos’,   which some call ‘Strychnos’ and which has been identified as Solanum   nigrum, black nightshade, and mentions another variety which is very   poisonous and, hence, outside his interest.  Dioscorides calls   Solanum nigrum, ‘Struchnos kepaios’. Gerard calls it ‘Solanum lethale’. The name Atropa belladonna is   attributed to Linneaeus. Its similarity to other plants in the Solanum genus suggests   that a systematic renaming would, probably, place this in that   genus. Atropa Belladonna,   deadly nightshade belladonna Literally, ‘beautiful lady’ coming from its use to promote pupilar   dilation, a proven way to increase attractiveness. Gerard says the Venetians and Italians call it ‘Bella dona’ which   would seem to make it a beautiful gift but someone was kind enough   to point out that the Venetian dialect does not use double letters   in writing so 'bella donna', 'bela dona', 'bela donna' and 'bella   dona' are all ways of writing 'beautiful lady'.   Mrs Grieve says that ‘the name Belladonna is said to record an old   superstition that at certain times it takes the form of an   enchantress of exceeding loveliness, whom it is dangerous to look   upon’ but she goes on to say that the most popular derivation of the   name is from Italian women.  There are a number of online   references to the idea of the manifesting enchantress but almost all   of them quote Mrs Grieve word for word, though without acknowledging   this. Common Names and Synonyms deadly nightshade, dwale, devil's herb, love apple, sorcerer's   cherry, witches berry, divale, dwayberry. This is the true 'deadly nightshade'. Some Americans insist   on calling Solanum dulcamara by that name rather than woody nightshade   or bittersweet. There are many images on the Internet of Solanum   dulcamara flowers labelled 'deadly nightshade'. How Poisonous, How Harmful? Contains tropane alkaloids, notably hyoscine (also called   scopolamine), hyoscyamine and atropine. At least five other toxic   components have been isolated. The enticing berries are   slightly sweet Symptoms may be slow to appear but last for several days. They   include dryness in the mouth, thirst, difficulty in swallowing and   speaking, blurred vision from the dilated pupils, vomiting,   excessive stimulation of the heart, drowsiness, slurred speech,   hallucinations, confusion, disorientation, delirium, and agitation.   Coma and convulsions often precede death. There is disagreement over what constitutes a fatal amount with   cases cited of a small child eating half a berry and dying alongside   a nine year old Danish boy who, in the 1990s, ate between twenty and   twenty five berries and survived. A 1996 study of plant poisoning over 29 years in Switzerland   found that Atropa belladonna had caused more serious incidents   than any other plant (though less than 2 per year on average)   and none of these resulted in death. Though the root is beli


Under what name were the cloth dolls designed in 1976 by Xavier Roberts as 'Little People' marketed?

Vintage Cabbage Patch Kid Dolls - Collector Information | Collectors Weekly Overview eBay Auctions Show & Tell Articles Cabbage Patch Kids weren't actually born in a field of vegetables, but out of the entrepreneurial mind of a 21-year-old art student, Xavier Roberts, in Helen, Georgia. In 1976, Roberts became fascinated with a German fabric-sculpture technique from the 19th century known as "needle molding." However, according to a 1980 lawsuit, Roberts wasn't only inspired by turn-of-the-century crafts. Martha Nelson Thomas of Louisville, Kentucky, alleged that she had been selling similar soft-sculpture baby dolls for "adoption" since the early 1970s , and Roberts had approached her in 1976 about selling her dolls in a gift shop he managed. Nelson Thomas ultimately lost her suit against Roberts because she had not copyrighted her dolls. She went on to manufacture her own Original Doll Baby. Roberts developed his own "adoptable" hand-made Little People soft-sculptures, which came with birth certificates, in 1977. He sold his Little People Originals at craft shows across the South, where he learned that people would pay $40 to "adopt" his dolls. After his "Dexter" sculpture won first place at the Osceola Art Show in Kissimmee, Florida, in 1978, Roberts got together with five friends to form Original Appalachian Artworks, Inc. A key component of the enterprise was the renovation of an old medical center in Cleveland, Georgia, as BabyLand General Hospital, where eager customers watched the process of the Little People being born from "mother cabbages," with the help of "licensed patch nurses." At this surreal store, "premature" babies were placed in incubators, and some births require c-sections (or "cabbage-sections"). In 1980, Roberts and his Little People creations were featured on the documentary TV show, "Real People," and by 1981, they were causing a national stir, getting coverage in "Newsweek," the "Atlanta Weekly," and "The Wall Street Journal." These stories highlighted doll fanatics who paid 100 times the original price for earlier editions of the dolls. All this buzz led to a licensing deal with major toy manufacturer Coleco in 1982, which changed the name of Roberts' doll line to Cabbage Patch Kids. The Coleco toy version of Roberts' artworks were smaller in size (16 inches) and had vinyl, rather than fabric, heads. The "adoption fees" for the mass-produced toys were usually less than $30, and each doll came with a "birth certificate" with a unique name and birth date. The introduction of Cabbage Patch Kids, which came in a wide range of ethnicity and races and were marketed to girls and boys, sparked a frenzy. Coleco sold more than 3 million dolls by the end of 1983, but could not keep up with the demand. During the Christmas season, parents mobbed department stores, hoping to get one of these coveted dolls to put under the tree. This was the first holiday "toy fad" to nearly cause riots, as shoppers pushed and shoved each other to get to the dolls. Because of this craze, the dolls became something of an American icon. In 1985, a Cabbage Patch doll named "Christopher Xavier," traveled aboard a NASA space shuttle; and in 1992, the doll became official mascot of the U.S. Olympic Team, traveling with the athletes to Barcelona. Then, in 1999, the Cabbage Patch Kids were honored in a U.S. postage stamp set remembering the 1980s. The dolls inspired spinoffs like books, clothing, records, and animated movies, as well as 13-inch infant-like "Preemie" and animal-faced "Koosa" dolls. They were also subject to parody. In 1985, Topps introduced Garbage Pail Kids sticker trading cards, which were conceptualized by none other than Pulitzer Prize winning cartoonis...t Art Spiegelman. On each card, a Cabbage Patch-like child would be depicted deformed or plagued by some horrible misfortune above a clever nameplate like "Adam Bomb" or "Bony Tony." Roberts quickly sued for trademark violation, and settled when Topps agreed to make changes to the appearance of the cards. Both fads, for Cabbage Patch Kids and their Garbage Pail


Larkspur is another name for which perennial plants?

Larkspur - Types of Larkspur Flowers| The Flower Expert Larkspur Did you know? Larkspur is the flower of the month of July and its meaning denotes Fickleness. Larkspur (Delphinium consolida) belongs to the buttercup family - Ranunculaceae. Larkspur flowers are almost as complex as the Orchids . The colorful Larkspur blooms cover a spectrum from white to blue to violet. Larkspur Flowers are irregularly shaped and bloom in a loose, vertical grouping along the upper end of the plant's main stalk. Larkspur is actually a very complex flower consisting of both petals and sepals. Kingdom Genus Delphinium Baker's Larkspur (Delphinium bakeri) and Yellow Larkspur (D. luteum), native to some areas of California, are endangered species. Delphinium is a genus of about 250 species of annual, biennial or perennial flowering plants. The common name, shared with the closely related genus Consolida, is Larkspur. Larkspur flowers come in a variety of colors including spikes of red, pink, violet and white. As a result of their generally similar floral structure, as well as the absence of genetic barriers to intercrossing, species of Larkspur are known to hybridize in many different combinations. Facts About Larkspur Larkspur, with tall spikes, make excellent Cutflowers . Two varieties of Larkspur are ideal as cut flowers - Consolida ambigua and Consolida orientalis. The Larkspur Rose (Consolida ambigua) has tall spires of rose colored flowers. The 1/4 to 1/2 inch rose colored flowers are densely packed on tall stems. The market for quality Larkspur is robust from many years. The alluring flower shape, wide range of colors, and the appealing foliage combine to make Larkspur a popular, marketable cut flower. Larkspur flowers tend to be fragile and relatively short lived in the vase (under 7 days), making production for local markets more lucrative. Larkspur grow to their full potential in climates with cool, moist summers. The Larkspur plant is toxic. The stem and seeds contain alkaloids. Apparently, domestic sheep are not affected by the toxins in Larkspurs. So, sometimes sheep are used to help eradicate the plant on cattle range. Larkspur look identical to perennial Delphiniums. Growing Larkspur Sow Larkspur seeds directly in garden in the spring. Sow them in the location you want them to grow as Larkspurs do not like to be transplanted. Larkspur plants should be spaced about 6 to 8 inches apart. Level with the soil surface. Carefully fill in and firm the soil gently. Water the Larkspurs deeply to encourage root development, but be sure the roots do not stand in water or they will be at risk for root rot. Larkspur plant care Larkspurs are best started from seed in spring or fall. Apply a thin layer of compost each spring, followed by a 2-inch layer of mulch to retain moisture and control weeds on Larkspur beds. Water Larkspur plants during the summer if rainfall is less than 1 inch per week. Soil should never dry out for the Larkspurs. Stake tall varieties of Larkspur to prevent hollow flower stalks from snapping in the wind, and deadhead after flowering to encourage rebloom. After the first killing frost, cut the Larkspur's stems back to an inch or two above soil line. Divide plants every three to four years as new growth begins in the spring, lifting plants and dividing them into clumps. Remove spent Larkspur flowers as needed. Trim back to the ground in late fall after foliage dies back. Subscribe Get 10% off on pickupflowers.com explore


Who was the father of the disciples James and John?

THE APOSTLE JAMES Privacy Policy The Apostle James  ( Son of Zebedee ) Of the three apostles who comprised the inner circle of Jesus' disciples (Peter, James and John), we know the least about the apostle James.  We do know, however, that the apostle James was the eldest brother of the apostle John and that their father's name was Zebedee (their mother's name was Salome.) James, his brother John, Peter and Andrew were all partners in a fishing business prior to being called by Christ Jesus to follow Him.  Zebedee was, also, a partner in the business. There is some evidence that James was the first cousin of Jesus the Messiah and had been acquainted with Him from infancy.  It is believed that his mother Salome was the sister of Jesus' mother Mary. Not much is known of his ministry after Jesus' resurrection.  It is believed, however, that he lived another 14 years before his martyrdom.  In fact, the apostle James was the first apostle to suffer martyrdom.  By order of Herod Agrippa I, James was beheaded in Jerusalem about the feast of Easter, 44 AD. It is believed that within this 14 year period, James visited the Jewish colonist and slaves in Spain to preach the Gospel. It has been said that when the apostle James was led out to die, a man who had brought false accusations against him walked with him to the place of execution.  He had doubtless expected to see James looking pale and frightened but he saw him, instead, bright and joyous, like a conqueror who had won a great battle.  The false witness greatly wondered at this and became convinced that the Savior in whom the prisoner by his side believed must be the true God or He could not impart such cheerfulness and courage to a man about to die.  The man himself, therefore, became a convert to Christianity and was condemned to die with James the apostle ( both were consequently beheaded on the same day and with the same sword.) About the same period, Timon and Parmenas (two of the seven original deacons) suffered martyrdom ( the former at Corinth and the latter at Philippi in Macedonia.) Purchase Online    (The Search for the Twelve Apostles) The information above is compiled from the book "The Search for the Twelve Apostles" by William Steuart McBirnie Ph.D, Copyright 1973


Bq is the symbol for which SI derived unit?

BIPM - SI derived units Among these names and symbols the last four entries in Table 3 are of particular note since they were adopted by the 15th CGPM (1975, Resolutions 8 and 9 ), the 16th CGPM (1979, Resolution 5 ) and the 21st CGPM (1999, Resolution 12) specifically with a view to safeguarding human health. In both Tables 3 and 4 the final column shows how the SI units concerned may be expressed in terms of SI base units. In this column factors such as m0, kg0, etc., which are all equal to 1, are not shown explicitly. The values of several different quantities may be expressed using the same name and symbol for the SI unit. Thus for the quantity heat capacity as well as the quantity entropy, the SI unit is the joule per kelvin. Similarly for the base quantity electric current as well as the derived quantity magnetomotive force, the SI unit is the ampere. It is therefore important not to use the unit alone to specify the quantity. This applies not only to scientific and technical texts, but also, for example, to measuring instruments (i.e. an instrument read-out should indicate both the unit and the quantity measured). A derived unit can often be expressed in different ways by combining base units with derived units having special names. Joule, for example, may formally be written newton metre, or kilogram metre squared per second squared. This, however, is an algebraic freedom to be governed by common sense physical considerations; in a given situation some forms may be more helpful than others. In practice, with certain quantities, preference is given to the use of certain special unit names, or combinations of unit names, to facilitate the distinction between different quantities having the same dimension. When using this freedom, one may recall the process by which the quantity is defined. For example, the quantity torque may be thought of as the cross product of force and distance, suggesting the unit newton metre, or it may be thought of as energy per angle, suggesting the unit joule per radian. The SI unit of frequency is given as the hertz, implying the unit cycles per second; the SI unit of angular velocity is given as the radian per second; and the SI unit of activity is designated the becquerel, implying the unit counts per second. Although it would be formally correct to write all three of these units as the reciprocal second, the use of the different names emphasises the different nature of the quantities concerned. Using the unit radian per second for angular velocity, and hertz for frequency, also emphasizes that the numerical value of the angular velocity in radian per second is 2 times the numerical value of the corresponding frequency in hertz. In the field of ionizing radiation, the SI unit of activity is designated the becquerel rather than the reciprocal second, and the SI units of absorbed dose and dose equivalent are designated the gray and the sievert, respectively, rather than the joule per kilogram. The special names becquerel, gray, and sievert were specifically introduced because of the dangers to human health that might arise from mistakes involving the units reciprocal second and joule per kilogram, in case the latter units were incorrectly taken to identify the different quantities involved. is mass density, is dynamic viscosity, is speed, and L is length. For all these cases the unit may be considered as the number one, which is a dimensionless derived unit. Another class of dimensionless quantities are numbers that represent a count, such as a number of molecules, degeneracy (number of energy levels), and partition function in statistical thermodynamics (number of thermally accessible states). All of these counting quantities are also described as being dimensionless, or of dimension one, and are taken to have the SI unit one, although the unit of counting quantities cannot be described as a derived unit expressed in terms of the base units of the SI. For such quantities, the unit one may instead be regarded as a further base unit. In a few cases, however, a special name is given to the


What is the name of the monument in the New Forest which is supposedly at the site of the death of King William II?

The Rufus Stone in The New Forest Link to us The Rufus Stone The Rufus Stone has to be one of the strongest reminders of the origins of the New Forest. The iron-clad stone marks the (alleged) spot where King William II was fatally wounded with an arrow, during a royal hunting outing in the Forest, in the year 1100AD. The king was nicknamed Rufus, apparently because of his ruddy complexion and red hair, and was of course the son of King William I who was responsible for designating the area as the royal hunting ground that we know today as the New Forest. William Rufus was, by all accounts, an absolute barbarian and showed no mercy to the local inhabitants of the Forest, as well as being a fairly unpopular Monarch in general. It was on August 2nd in the year 1100 when King William Rufus and his team of noblemen were out hunting deer and wild boar in the New Forest. The story goes that an arrow was shot, supposedly at a stag, by the Frenchman Sir Walter Tyrrell who was the King's best archer, but the arrow struck an oak tree and ricocheted off it straight into the chest of the king, puncturing his lung and killing him there and then (depicted in the 1895 lithograph shown right, © expired). Sir Walter hot-footed it back to Normandy in fear of being charged with the King's murder, the tale says that he stopped at a blacksmith on the way and had his horse re-shod with backwards facing horseshoes, so as to confuse the chasers! As it happened, there were no chasers because no-one was particularly upset about the King's death. Indeed, there wasn't even an effort to recover the king's body by the Crown; a local charcoal burner named Purkis loaded the corpse onto his cart and carried it to Winchester Cathedral, where a somewhat low-key burial was performed. Following William Rufus' death, it took just 3 days for his brother Henry to become the new King. There is still great mystery over whether or not the death was just a very unfortunate accident or whether Sir Walter ever intended to shoot the deer at all. Norman political ambition and the general desire to see Rufus removed from the throne are common theories about the incident. In recent years, there's been fresh doubt cast over the location of the incident - historians now believe that it took place in the Beaulieu area, but locals of Canterton, where the stone stands, will always be proud of the dubious claim to fame. Although the original oak tree in question has long been gone, a mature oak does stand next to the stone - quite possibly a direct descendant of the original tree. A visit to the Rufus Stone is brief; two of the three sides of the metre tall monument are inscribed with the gory details of the incident, which take just a few minutes to read. The third side details the monument itself. The inscriptions read: "Here stood the oak tree, on which an arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrrell at a stag, glanced and struck King William the Second, surnamed Rufus, on the breast, of which he instantly died, on the second day of August, anno 1100." "King William the Second, surnamed Rufus being slain, as before related, was laid in a cart, belonging to one Purkis, and drawn from hence, to Winchester, and buried in the Cathedral Church of that city." "That the spot where an event so memorable might not hereafter be forgotten, the enclosed stone was set up by John Lord Delaware who had seen the tree growing in this place. This stone having been much mutilated, and the inscriptions on each of its three sides defaced. This more durable memorial with the original inscriptions was erected in the year 1841, by WM Sturges Bourne, Warden." Although time spent at the stone will be brief, there are several paths leading into the immediate Forest, and the popular Sir Walter Tyrrell pub is just a stonesthrow, or arrowshot, away - the guilty one's name having been immortalised into one of the area's most popular hostelries. Directly opposite the pub is the grassy lawn of Canterton Glen, a nice spot to relax on sunny days or the start of a pleasant walk up through to Longbeech campsite on Stoney


The wife of which Egyptian captain of the guard attempted to seduce Joseph and then claimed that he had attempted to rape her?

Genesis 39:1-18, New English Translation (NET) Now Joseph had been brought down to Egypt. An Egyptian named Potiphar, an official of Pharaoh and the captain of the guard, purchased him from the... Traditional | Alphabetic   1 Now Joseph had been brought down to Egypt.#tn The disjunctive clause resumes the earlier narrative pertaining to Joseph by recapitulating the event described in 37:36. The perfect verbal form is given a past perfect translation to restore the sequence of the narrative for the reader. An Egyptian named Potiphar, an official of Pharaoh and the captain of the guard,#sn Captain of the guard. See the note on this phrase in Gen 37:36. purchased him from#tn Heb “from the hand of.” the Ishmaelites who had brought him there. 2 The Lord was with Joseph. He was successful#tn Heb “and he was a prosperous man.” This does not mean that Joseph became wealthy, but that he was successful in what he was doing, or making progress in his situation (see 24:21). and lived#tn Heb “and he was.” in the household of his Egyptian master. 3 His master observed that the Lord was with him and that the Lord made everything he was doing successful.#tn The Hebrew text adds “in his hand,” a phrase not included in the translation for stylistic reasons. 4 So Joseph found favor in his sight and became his personal attendant.#sn The Hebrew verb translated became his personal attendant refers to higher domestic service, usually along the lines of a personal attendant. Here Joseph is made the household steward, a position well-attested in Egyptian literature. Potiphar appointed Joseph#tn Heb “him”; the referent (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity. overseer of his household and put him in charge#tn Heb “put into his hand.” of everything he owned. 5 From the time#tn Heb “and it was from then.” Potiphar#tn Heb “he”; the referent (Potiphar) has been specified in the translation for clarity. appointed him over his household and over all that he owned, the Lord blessed#sn The Hebrew word translated blessed carries the idea of enrichment, prosperity, success. It is the way believers describe success at the hand of God. The text illustrates the promise made to Abraham that whoever blesses his descendants will be blessed (Gen 12:1-3). the Egyptian’s household for Joseph’s sake. The blessing of the Lord was on everything that he had, both#tn Heb “in the house and in the field.” The word “both” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. in his house and in his fields.#sn The passage gives us a good picture of Joseph as a young man who was responsible and faithful, both to his master and to his God. This happened within a very short time of his being sold into Egypt. It undermines the view that Joseph was a liar, a tattletale, and an arrogant adolescent. 6 So Potiphar#tn Heb “he”; the referent (Potiphar) has been specified in the translation for clarity. left#sn The Hebrew verb translated left indicates he relinquished the care of it to Joseph. This is stronger than what was said earlier. Apparently Potiphar had come to trust Joseph so much that he knew it was in better care with Joseph than with anyone else. everything he had in Joseph’s care;#tn Heb “hand.” This is a metonymy for being under the control or care of Joseph. he gave no thought#tn Heb “did not know.” to anything except the food he ate.#sn The expression except the food he ate probably refers to Potiphar’s private affairs and should not be limited literally to what he ate. Now Joseph was well built and good-looking.#tn Heb “handsome of form and handsome of appearance.” The same Hebrew expressions were used in Gen 29:17 for Rachel. 7 Soon after these things, his master’s wife took notice of#tn Heb “she lifted up her eyes toward,” an expression that emphasizes her deliberate and careful scrutiny of him. Joseph and said, “Have sex with me.”#tn Heb “lie with me.” Here the expression “lie with” is a euphemism for sexual intercourse.sn The story of Joseph and Potiphar’s wife has long been connected with the wisdom warnings about the strange woman who t


'Walk the Line' was a film about which singer?

Walk the Line (2005) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error | Biography , Drama , Music | 18 November 2005 (USA) A chronicle of country music legend Johnny Cash 's life, from his early days on an Arkansas cotton farm to his rise to fame with Sun Records in Memphis, where he recorded alongside Elvis Presley , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Carl Perkins . Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV a list of 36 titles created 26 Nov 2010 a list of 27 titles created 30 Oct 2012 a list of 30 titles created 10 Dec 2012 a list of 34 titles created 18 Oct 2015 a list of 26 titles created 2 months ago Title: Walk the Line (2005) 7.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    44 wins & 43 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Edit Storyline While growing up in the Great Depression era, Johnny Cash takes an interest in music and eventually moves out of his Arkansas town to join the air force in Germany. While there, he buys his first guitar and writes his own music, and proposes to Vivian. When they got married, they settled in Tennessee and with a daughter, he supported the family by being a salesman. He discovers a man who can pursue his dreams and ends up getting a record with the boys. Shortly after that, he was on a short tour, promoting his songs, and meets the already famous and beautiful June Carter. Then as they get on the long-term tours with June, the boys, and Jerry Lee Lewis, they have this unspoken relationship that grows. But when June leaves the tour because of his behavior, he was a drug addict. His marriage was also falling apart, and when he sees June years later at an awards show, he forces June to tour with them again, promising June to support her two kids and herself. While the tour goes on, the ... Written by kayleigh


The Rye House Plot was against which monarch?

King Charles II | Britroyals Born: May 29, 1630 at St. James Palace Parents: Charles I and Henrietta Maria Relation to Elizabeth II: 1st cousin 9 times removed House of: Stuart Ascended to the throne: May 29, 1660 aged 30 years Crowned: April 23, 1661 at Westminster Abbey, and at Scone as King of Scots, 1 January 1651 Married: Catherine of Braganza Children: About 17 illegitimate children by at least 8 different mistresses Died: February 6, 1685 at Whitehall Palace, London, aged 54 years, 8 months, and 10 days Buried at: Westminster Reigned for: 24 years, 8 months, and 9 days Succeeded by: his brother James II Charles II was born in St James's Palace, London. During the Civil War he lived with his father in Oxford 1642�45, and after the victory of Cromwell's Parliamentary forces he was in exile in France. Accepting the Scottish Covenanters' offer to make him King, he landed in Scotland in 1650, and was crowned at Scone on 1 January 1651. An attempt to invade England was ended on 3 September 1651 by Cromwell's victory at the Battle of Worcester. Charles escaped according to legend by hiding in an oak tree, and for nine years he was in exile in Holland, France, Germany, Flanders, and Spain. The death of Cromwell and the collapse of the English Commonwealth lead to opening of negotiations in 1659 by George Monk for the restoration of the monarchy. In April 1660 Charles issued the Declaration of Breda, promising a general amnesty and freedom of conscience. Parliament accepted the Declaration and he was proclaimed King on 8 May 1660. Charles landed at Dover on 26 May 1660, and entered London three days later. He was crowned at Westminster on 23 April 1661. Despite the Declaration there was retribution. The body of Oliver Cromwell was dug up and posthumously decapitated, Charles I was venerated a Saint by the Anglican Church, and all legal documents were post-dated as though Charles II had succeeded on his father�s death in 1649. The Act of uniformity required all Puritans to accept the doctrines of the Church of England. Many who refused sought a new life in the colonies in North America. The Restoration brought liberalizing social changes including the re-opening of theatres and study of sciences that had been banned by the Puritans. The Royal Society for the study of Science was established and the Royal Observatory at Greenwich. In May 1662 Charles married the Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza. Her dowry brought Tangiers and Bombay to British control, but despite four pregnancies she produced no children. Charles did however have at least 17 illegitimate children by his various mistresses who included Lady Castlemaine, Nell Gwyn, Lady Portsmouth, and Lucy Walter. England was at war with Holland and in 1664 seized the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam in North America and renamed it New York. However the Dutch Navy sailed up the River Medway and humiliated the Royal Navy by capturing the English flagship and burning other ships. In 1665 the Great Plague struck London killing over 60,000 people, and was followed in 1666 by the Fire of London which destroyed a large part of the city including St Paul�s cathedral. Sir Christopher Wren was commissioned to rebuild the cathedral. The Dutch war furnished an excuse for banishing Lord Clarendon who was made a scapegoat in 1667, and he was replaced by the Cabal of Clifford and Arlington, both secret Catholics, and Buckingham, Ashley (Lord Shaftesbury), and Lauderdale. In 1670 Charles signed the Secret Treaty of Dover, whereby he promised Louis XIV of France he would declare himself a Catholic, re-establish Catholicism in England, and support the French king's projected war against the Dutch; in return Louis was to finance Charles and in the event of resistance to supply him with troops. The third Dutch War followed in 1672, and at the same time Charles issued the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending all penal laws against Catholics and Dissenters. In 1673, Parliament forced Charles to withdraw the Indulgence and accept a Test Act excluding all Catholics from offic


Hearth to Hearth: There's History In Your Frying Pan - The Journal of Antiques and Collectibles January 20, 2001   Hearth to Hearth   3 Comments Hearth to Hearth: There’s History In Your Frying Pan Hearth to Hearth: There’s History In Your Frying Pan – The Journal of Antiques and Collectibles – January 2001 There is a certain amount of confusion regarding the name for that three-legged, long-handled frying pan we call a “spider.” Collectors of kitchenware tell us that its shape evokes the arachnid-high stilty legs holding up a round black body. With a bit of a stretch, the long handle appendage is also somehow lifelike. The opening at the shaped tip of the handle, usually a hook or a rattail, suggests an eye. The organic nature of the image is carried into its name, as was typical of early technology terminology. It’s like the common use of the word “dogs,” (originally work animals,) and the terms “firedogs” (andirons,) or “spit dogs” (mechanical spit turners.) Surprisingly, the term spider is American in origin, according to both sides of the Atlantic: The Dictionary of Americanisms (1951) and The Oxford Dictionary agree. The earliest reference offered is an American advertisement: “The Pa. Packet (1790) announced that “William Robinson, Junr…Hath for Sale…bake pans, spiders, skillets.” Note the distinction between spiders and skillets (long-handled, legged stew pots.) By applying a certain logic to Robinson’s advertisement, the spider, being neither a bake pan nor a stew pan, is by default a frying pan. And so it seems to have been, according to clues in the pots themselves and in the recipes. One can speculate that they evolved from the frying pans one finds in early paintings, where high-legged frying pans are scarce. They clearly show the elements of earlier Dutch cast-iron frying pans (no legs) used for pancakes, for example, or seventeenth-century ceramic, three-legged rounded pipkins. Perhaps these inspired what would become the eighteenth-century American forged, stamped, or spun sheet iron spiders with welded legs and a strap handle. By mid-nineteenth century, cast-iron frying pans, flat bottomed, slant sided, and still three-legged, assumed the earlier name and were also called spiders. The new cookstove had influenced new pot designs. Legs were eliminated and rounded bottoms were flattened. This was a death knell for the lovely bowl-shaped spiders; deep frying and simple warming were now the province of deep-stamped iron fryers and saucepans. In their pared-down form, spiders continued to function as shallow frying pans but under a variety of old names-pans, frying pans, and skillets. And although they were now legless, they sometimes kept their old name-spiders. The same period produced deep flat-bottomed, stamped-iron spiders on high strap legs. I have two of these in my own collection, identical but for size (these were not accidentals, and find they are superb deep fryers. Their construction is less careful than the common eighteenth century versions; there is some possibility that they are Long Island pieces. I have not seen them in trade catalogs or books on iron, and apart from the layers of grease they came with, I have no documentary evidence of their intended use. I would love to hear from anyone who does. In any case, spiders—the name and the pan—continued to be a strong part of kitchen culture. They must have been in general use and widely known, as various American writers of fiction and poetry used spiders to make a literary point. John Galt described a “a judicious selection of spiders and frying-pans.” Poet John Greenleaf Whittier knew his readers would understand his images in the line “Like fishes dreaming of the sea and waking in the spider.” In her novel We Girls (1870) : Mrs. Adeline D. T. Whitney invoked a kind of domestic life with the line, “It is slopping and burning and putting away with a rinse that makes kettles and spiders untouchable.” Another view of spider history comes from early recipes. English fried foods required “frying pans” (not the American “spiders.”) Martha Bradley’s


Which actor played George Cowley in the ITV series 'The Professionals'?

The Professionals - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com EDIT THE PROFESSIONALS (1977 - 1983) "Anarchy, acts of terror, crimes against the public. To combat it I've got special men - experts from the Army, the Police - from every service. These are The Professionals." The Professionals is one of British television's most popular and successful action series of the 1970s and 80s. At their peak in 1980 The Pros were earning as many as 17.6 million viewers. The A Squad The Professionals began life in early 1977, provisionally titled The A-Squad, in an idea conceived by Brian Clemens, the then head of the independent TV company Avengers Mark I Productions. His aim was to create a rival for Thames television's hugely successful long-running police series The Sweeney. Bodie, Doyle and Cowley could have looked very different to how we remember them as. A number of very different actors were considered for the three central roles, with neither of the final chosen team being the original choices. The final three were more or less drafted in when the first choice stars either declined or were axed. Gordon Jackson (formerly the distinctly unmenacing Butler Hudson in Upstairs Downstairs) and Martin Shaw (whose first TV appearance was as a hippie in 1960s Coronation Street) were first to be cast. During the filming of the first episode, Old Dog with New Tricks Bodie was in fact played by Anthony Andrews. Unfortunately, old mates Shaw and Andrews spent much of the time cracking up with laughter - hardly a recipe for ensuring the renowned edgy banter between the two leads. Lewis Collins (best known by this time as Gavin Rumsey in comedy series The Cuckoo Waltz) was brought in to play Bodie, with Andrews being given the heave-ho. Collins and Shaw had previously worked together just months earlier in an episode of The New Avengers, and were cast alongside each other again thanks to the 'sparky, abrasive' on-screen partnership that they generated. In other words, they didn't particularly like each other! But with the central cast complete, filming began on 20 June 1977, with the first episode Private Madness Public Danger debuting on Friday 30 December 1977. Criminal Intelligence 5 The basis of The Professionals was CI5 - Criminal Intelligence 5 - an organisation lead by surly Scotsman George Cowley (played by Gordon Jackson), a former MI5 head who founded the team as an 'umbrella organisation' to help alleviate London's ever-increasing level of criminal activity. CI5 consisted of up to forty men and women agents, but the main action was centred around Cowley's two top operatives; William Andrew Philip Bodie (Agent 3.7) and Raymond Doyle (4.5). Bodie (Lewis Collins) - he of the close-cropped hair, polo necks and smart suits - was a mercenary in Africa, who deserted the Merchant Navy to join the Paras and later the SAS, before being signed up to CI5 by Cowley. He was, on the surface, an uncompromising thug with a penchant for the 'hit first, ask questions later' theory - thinking nothing of causing 'damage' to a suspect if it meant getting the right results. Doyle (Martin Shaw) was a former Docklands Police Constable, and his more placid nature was reflected in his memorable bubble-perm hairstyle and casual clothing attire (i.e. old plaid jackets and skintight jeans). However, he possessed a tougher streak to match that of Bodie if ever riled by a particularly awkward suspect. Chalk and Cheese The show's major appeal lay in its well-balanced mix of strong acting and direction, coupled with Bodie and Doyle's sparky partnership and chalk-and-cheese personalities. Cowley's preoccupation with pure malt scotch and occasional bullet-wound limp were also a source of amusement for the Lads, but overall they each viewed one another with a great mutual respect. The fifty-seven episode run produced a great variety of gripping plots, most notably the destruction of a German terrorist group in Close Quarters, the testing of a potentially deadly laser gun in Hunter Hunted, a supposed crime-free town masking a squad of corrupt policeman in In t


Which Tamla Motown group had a hit in 1966 with '(I'm A) Road Runner'?

The Motown Story The Motown Story By David Edwards and Mike Callahan Last update: August 8, 2012 The Motown story is the story of Berry Gordy, Jr., who was born in Detroit Michigan on November 28, 1929. He was the seventh of eight children of Berry Gordy II and Bertha Gordy. His parents had migrated to Detroit from Milledgeville, Georgia in 1922. His father ran a plastering contracting business and his mother sold insurance and real estate; they also ran a grocery store and print shop. Berry Gordy, Jr. dropped out of school after his junior year to become a professional boxer; he decided to get out of the fight game at about the time the Army drafted him in 1951. During his stint in the Army, he obtained his high school equivalency degree. In 1953, he married Thelma Coleman and in 1954 his first child was born, a daughter Hazel Joy. They had two other children, named Berry IV and Terry, but were divorced in 1959. When Berry got out of the Army 1953, he opened a jazz-oriented record store called the 3-D Record Mart that was financed by the Berry family. By 1955, the store had failed and Berry was working on the Ford automobile assembly line. While working on the line, Berry constantly wrote songs, submitting them to magazines, contests and singers. His first success as a songwriter came in 1957 when Jackie Wilson recorded "Reet Petite", a song he, his sister Gwen and Billy Davis (under the pseudonym of Tyran Carlo) had written. "Reet Petite" became a modest hit and netted Berry $1000 for the song. Over the next two years he co-wrote four more hits for Wilson, "To Be Loved", "Lonely Teardrops", "That's Why" and "I'll Be Satisfied". Berry later chose the title To Be Loved for his autobiography. Successful as a songwriter, Berry decided to produce his songs himself. His first production was titled "Ooh Shucks" by the Five Stars, which was released on George Goldner's Mark X label in 1957. Gordy had an extraordinary ability to recognize talent. In 1957 at a Detroit talent show, he saw a group  the Miracles  and decided to record them. The Miracles consisted of Claudette Rogers, Ronnie White, Pete Moore, Bobby Rogers and the lead singer William "Smokey" Robinson. Berry's first production for the Miracles was an answer record to the Silhouettes "Get a Job," titled "Got a Job," which he leased to Goldner for release on End records. The record got some airplay, but then died a quick death, as did the Miracles follow-up on End titled "I Cry." In 1958, Berry produced a record by Eddie Holland titled "You," which was leased to Mercury records. Also that year, Kudo Records issued 4 more Gordy productions, two of which are significant to the Motown story: the first Marv Johnson release, titled "My Baby O," and a Brian Holland (Eddie's brother) vocal, titled "Shock". With Smokey Robinson and the Holland brothers, Berry had discovered three incredible songwriters and producers. Also in 1958, he produced a record by Herman Griffin titled "I Need You" on the H.O.B. label, which is notable in that it was the first song to be published by Berry's publishing company called Jobete (pronounced "jo-BET"), named after his three children, Hazel Joy [Jo], Berry IV[Be], and Terry [Te].  "I Need You" was also the first record to credit the Rayber Voices, background singers named after Berry's second wife, Raynoma, and himself. Gordy decided to take total control of his songs, so on January 12, 1959, he borrowed $800 from his family's loan fund to start his own record label, called Tamla. He had originally wanted to call his label "Tammy," after a Debbie Reynolds film, but that title was already taken. Tamla Records was located at 1719 Gladstone Street in Detroit, and the first release was Marv Johnson's "Come to Me" [Tamla 101]. The song was picked up by United Artists and it became a mid-sized hit. United Artists signed Marv Johnson to a recording contract and Berry Gordy continued to produce him for that label. In 1959, Marv Johnson's "You Got What It Takes" became his first production to break into the pop Top 10. The th


Which play that premiered in 1956, featured the character Jimmy Porter?

Mark Lawson on Look Back in Anger | Stage | The Guardian Mark Lawson On May 8 1956, John Osborne's Look Back in Anger premiered at the Royal Court in London. It shocked the theatre world, some acclaiming it as the voice of a new generation, others damning it as a squalid rant. Mark Lawson looks back to the night that changed British theatre 'Impressive and depressing' ... Kenneth Haigh expresses Jimmy Porter's rage in the company of (left to right) Mary Ure, Alan Bates and Helena Hughes, during the first night's performance of Look Back in Anger at the Royal Court Friday 31 March 2006 03.37 EST First published on Friday 31 March 2006 03.37 EST Share on Messenger Close In early May 1956, Britain was rehearsing for destruction. A civil defence exercise took place in London and Birmingham, based on the hypothesis that 10-megaton hydrogen bombs had exploded at dawn. The Times reported volunteers with fake blood and burns lying on street corners, waiting to give practice for ambulances and police cars. Within four months, there would indeed be a war, although it involved not a Russian nuclear attack on the UK but Egypt's seizure of a vital shipping channel. But, between the Eden government's dry-run for atomic apocalypse and its implosion over Suez, the capital's theatre district was shaken by a metaphorical explosion of its own: on May 8, the Royal Court theatre premiered a first play by a 26-year-old actor called John Osborne . The other big London theatrical opening of the week was The House by the Lake, a Christie-ish crime comedy by Hugh Mills about two people trying to kill the same man. The major movie opening was Hitchock's The Trouble With Harry. The literary pages were excited by Angus Wilson's Anglo-Saxon Attitudes. On what was still called the wireless, the BBC Third Programme had just premiered a verse-drama by the poet Louis Macniece, called The Dark Tower. The legend is that Look Back in Anger changed British theatre for ever, replacing stage-sets of Belgravia mansions with a drab Midlands flat, and smart upper-class remarks with the angry anti-establishment rants of its hero, Jimmy Porter. It's a measure of how unexpected the setting was that, at the first performances, the sight of Alison Porter's ironing-board on stage is said to have drawn from the audience the sort of gasp of surprise otherwise achieved only by the most innovative cinematic special effects. In an era of feel-good theatre (although Rattigan's plays were darker or deeper than their first productions allowed them to be), Look Back in Anger deliberately provoked bad feelings about Britain, the war-time generation and conventional drama. Certainly, the ruling forces of the UK stage seem to have sensed a revolution. The impresario "Binkie" Beaumont, camp baron of the profitable comedy and well-made play and with 40 theatres at his command, walked out of Look Back in Anger at the interval. Terence Rattigan, Beaumont's house dramatist and the author of The Winslow Boy and Separate Tables, tried to follow him but was dissuaded by TC Worsley, theatre critic of the Financial Times. Even so, when Rattigan left at the end and was asked by a reporter what he thought, he trembled: "I think the writer is trying to say: 'Look how unlike Terence Rattigan I am, Ma!'" It's in the nature of the theatre that even its great events are momentary and vanish. But this particular evening at the Court is even harder to reconstruct than most, because of the melancholy fact that almost no one connected with Look Back in Anger caused much trouble to the pension industry. Osborne was just 65 when he died in 1994. The director, Tony Richardson, had gone three years earlier, aged 63. Mary Ure, who played Alison Porter, though the youngest of the cast, had not even lived until the 20th anniversary, dying in 1975 at 42. George Devine, who accepted the play for the Royal Court, died at 55 in 1966. Even Alan Bates, who played Jimmy's emollient friend Cliff, can no longer give eye-witness testimony; he died three years ago, aged 69. The first Jimmy Porter, Kenneth Haigh, surviv


The eighteenth century Treaty of Utrecht was signed by the belligerents of which war?

Treaty of Utrecht - Timeline Index Timeline Index Treaty of Utrecht The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, comprises a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713. The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and Philip V of Spain on the one hand, and representatives of Anne, Queen of Great Britain, the Duke of Savoy, the King of Portugal and the United Provinces on the other. The treaty registered the defeat of French ambitions expressed in the wars of Louis XIV and preserved the European system based on the balance of power. More on this Website


In which year did two jumbo jets collide at Tenerife airport, killing 583 people?

Jumbo jets collide at Canary Islands airport - Mar 27, 1977 - HISTORY.com Jumbo jets collide at Canary Islands airport Share this: Jumbo jets collide at Canary Islands airport Author Jumbo jets collide at Canary Islands airport URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1977, two 747 jumbo jets crash into each other on the runway at an airport in the Canary Islands, killing 582 passengers and crew members. Both Boeing 747s were charter jets that were not supposed to be at the Los Rodeos Airport on Santa Cruz de Tenerife that day. Both had been scheduled to be at the Las Palmas Airport, where a group of militants had set off a small bomb at the airport’s flower shop earlier that day. Thus, a Pan Am charter carrying passengers from Los Angeles and New York to a Mediterranean cruise and a KLM charter with Dutch tourists were both diverted to Santa Cruz on March 27. The Los Rodeos airport is known for its sudden fog problems and was not a favorite location for pilots. At 4:40 p.m. on a typically foggy afternoon, the KLM jet was cleared to taxi to the end of the single main runway. The Pan Am jet followed behind it and was to wait in side space while the KLM jet turned around to begin takeoff. However, in the fog, the Pan Am pilot was unable to keep the KLM jet in sight and did not move into the proper position. The Dutch crew of the KLM jet, apparently unable to understand the accented English spoken by the flight controllers, began to take off down the runway before the Pan Am jet was able to move to the side space. At the last minute, the Pan Am pilot saw the other 747 coming straight at his own jet and screamed What’s he doing? He’ll kill us all! while attempting to swerve into a grassy field. It was too late. The KLM 747 slammed into the side of the Pan Am jet and both planes erupted into a huge fireball. The only survivors on either plane were those in the very front of the Pan Am 747. Survivor Lynda Daniel later said of the disaster, It exploded from the back. Most of the people in the first six rows made it. More on This Topic


The Treaty of Ghent was the peace treaty that ended which war?

Treaty of Ghent | War of 1812 | PBS Treaty of Ghent TV Listings The Treaty of Ghent James Madison had an opportunity to end the War of 1812 almost as soon as it began. The British had repealed the Orders in Council – rules that curbed American trade with Europe – and thus one of Madison’s major reasons for war was now moot.  If the British had foregone the right to impress American sailors, Madison could well have gone back to Congress with the suggestion that hostilities cease immediately.  However, the British considered impressment their right by custom, and believed it essential to their naval might. And so James Madison took his country to war. The Russian Peace Plan The first serious suggestion that the two sides come together to end the war came neither from London nor Washington, but from St. Petersburg.  Czar Alexander I of Russia, eager to trade with both countries, wanted to end the war and thereby make high seas commerce safer and more lucrative.   In March 1813 he offered to host mediations. Madison accepted immediately, but the British, who were doing well in the war, were in no mood to talk.  It wasn’t until fall of that year, after the defeat of Napoleon at Leipzig, that British foreign minister Lord Castlereagh offered to negotiate directly with the United States. Negotiations Begin in Ghent In January 1814 Madison agreed to peace talks in the neutral city of Ghent in Belgium, and sent off a curious collection of intellectuals and politicians to run the negotiations.  John Quincy Adams, serious, disciplined and devout, was the chief negotiator.  Son of a president and the U.S. minister in Russia, he was often unhappy with one of his colleagues at Ghent, the card-playing War Hawk, Henry Clay.  Both men were strong negotiators, supported by an effective committee: Albert Gallatin, secretary of the treasury; James A. Bayard, a moderate Federalist; and Jonathan Russell, the chargé d’affaires for Madison in Paris. The Americans, whose communications with Washington took at least six weeks, were for the most part on their own. The British team enjoyed a closer connection with London, since Ghent was just a few days away.  But this proximity allowed the British chief negotiators a false sense of advantage: Foreign Secretary Lord Castlereagh and Secretary for War and the Colonies, Lord Bathurst, chose not to attend day-to-day talks, but sent a less-skilled team: the admiralty lawyer, Williams Adams; the impressments expert and admiral, Lord Gambier; and the Undersecretary for War and the Colonies, Henry Goulburn.  Thus proximity served the Americans better.  The historian Donald E. Graves states that “what the Americans lost on the battlefield, they made up for at the negotiating table.” Adams and his team had one goal – restore things to the way they were before the war, the status quo ante bellum.  The British negotiators were more ambitious; they wanted uti possidetis, that each side could keep what it had won during the war.  For example, Britain had, for a time held Detroit, and still occupied Mackinac Island. But the preeminent goal on both sides was an end to the fighting. Britain had spent ten million pounds fighting the Americans.  The United States was nearly bankrupt.  So the jockeying for position began, as the negotiators pursued their goals with an eye toward a quick resolution. Henry Goulburn laid out the British topics for discussion: impressments, U.S.-Canadian border disputes, fishing rights and Native lands. This last item was the most important, without its resolution there would be no peace.  The British demanded that Native lands in the state of Ohio, and in the Indiana and Michigan Territories by respected by the U.S.  The British hoped that this reserved land would serve as a buffer state to protect Canada from American annexation.  “The Indians are but a secondary object,” Goulburn wrote.  “As the Allies of Great Britain she must include them in the peace…But when the boundary is once defined it is immaterial whether Indians are upon it or not.  Let it be a desert.  But we shall know tha


Carried out on May 2nd 2011, what was the objective of Operation Neptune Spear?

Death of Osama Bin Laden - The Black Vault Death of Osama Bin Laden 11 April, 2015 / in Controversies , Military / Defense , Terrorism This is the official version of the killing of Osama bin Laden, as chronicled by Wikipedia: Osama bin Laden, the founder and head of the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011, shortly after 1:00 am PKT (20:00 UTC, May 1) by Navy SEALs of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six). The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear, was carried out in a Central Intelligence Agency-led operation. In addition to DEVGRU, participating units included the U.S. Army Special Operations Command’s 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne) and CIA operatives.  The raid on bin Laden’s compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, was launched from Afghanistan. After the raid, U.S. forces took bin Laden’s body to Afghanistan for identification, then buried it at sea within 24 hours of his death. Al-Qaeda confirmed the death on May 6 with posts made on militant websites, vowing to avenge the killing. Other Pakistani militant groups, including the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, also vowed retaliation against the U.S. and against Pakistan for not preventing the operation. Bin Laden’s killing was generally favorably received by U.S. public opinion; was welcomed by the United Nations, NATO, the European Union, and a large number of governments; but was condemned by some, including Fidel Castro of Cuba and Ismail Haniyeh, the head of the Hamas administration of the Gaza Strip. Legal and ethical aspects of the killing, such as his not being taken alive despite being unarmed, were questioned by others, including Amnesty International. Also controversial was the decision to not release any photographic or DNA evidence of bin Laden’s death to the public. The Abbottabad Commission Report of the Pakistani Abbottabad commission was released by Al Jazeera on July 8, 2013.   The following documents have been obtained under the FOIA, regarding the death of Bin Laden and the aftermath. Declassified Documents    Department of State Records [38 Pages, 3.31MB]    Department of Defense Records, FOIA Case File 14-F-0643  [ Added 04/30/2014 ] [17 Pages, 0.9MB] – The DOD is the central office for responding to all enquiries regarding information on Bin Laden’s death.  I requested from the NSA: “all records pertaining to the talking points for the media and the public, how the government would announce his death, etc.”  My request was forwarded to the DOD for a response.  I requested the FOIA Case File to see how the agency communicated about the request, and this was the result.    Letters from Abbottabad: Bin Ladin Sidelined?, 03 May 2012 [64 Pages, 1.1MB] – The death of Usama bin Ladin one year ago understandably generated a significant amount of interest in the professionals who carried out the raid in Abbottabad, Pakistan, on the night of May 2nd. Lost in the focus on this single mission is the fact that United States Special Operations Forces (SOF) have conducted thousands of comparable missions in Afghanistan and Iraq since 2001. The success of “Neptune Spear” was the cumulative result of the experience, relentless focus and professionalism of a community that has been conducting these types of missions for over ten years.


Newcastle United striker Demba Ba plays international football for which country?

Newcastle United sign striker Papiss Demba Cisse - BBC Sport BBC Sport Newcastle United sign striker Papiss Demba Cisse 17 Jan 2012 Read more about sharing. Cisse scored 35 goals in 95 league games for Metz before joining Freiburg Senegal striker Papiss Demba Cisse has joined Newcastle United from Bundesliga club Freiburg in a five-and-a-half-year deal, for an undisclosed fee. The 26-year-old agreed the move before flying out to the Africa Cup of Nations, where he will join his new clubmate Demba Ba in the Senegal squad. Cisse, who has scored nine goals in 15 league games this term, will wear the number nine shirt at Newcastle. "It is an honour to play for such a big club," he said after signing. Cisse will follow in a long line of number nines for Newcastle, for whom the likes of Hughie Gallacher, Jackie Milburn, Wyn Davies, Malcolm MacDonald, Mick Quinn, Andy Cole, Les Ferdinand and Alan Shearer have all become big favourites on Tyneside. The Senegal striker, who who has netted seven goals in 12 international appearances, scored for his country in their 1-0 victory over Kenya in a warm-up game for the Nations Cup, which gets under way in Equatorial Guinea and Gabon on Saturday. "I would like to thank everybody for their welcome, and for inviting me to sign for the club," he added. "I want to pay back the confidence the club have shown in me and give the supporters something to be proud of. "I am aware of the huge importance of the number nine shirt and, when I spoke with the manager, he made it very clear how important this shirt is. "I will treat it with the respect and I hope to do my very best in this shirt." PAPISS CISSE AT-A-GLANCE 2003 Begins career with hometown club Douanes Dakar 2004 Joins French side Metz 2005 Moves to Cherbourg on loan 2006 Returns to Metz and helps them to Ligue 2 title 2008 Joins Ligue 2 side Chateauroux on loan 2009 Joins Freiburg for around £1.3m 2011 Finishes as second top scorer behind Mario Gomez with 22 goals, eclipsing Tony Yeboah as the highest scoring African player in a single Bundesliga season Although Cisse was valued at around £14m in the summer, it is thought Newcastle paid closer to £10m in their quest for a long-term successor to Andy Carroll, who joined Liverpool for approximately £35m in the 2011 January transfer window. Newcastle boss Alan Pardew admitted: "Ever since Andy Carroll left, Papiss was my first choice in the specific role he has at the end of the play. "He is a finisher with an already-established CV in the Bundesliga, where we have monitored him for the best part of two years. "Unfortunately he was out of reach, financially, for us in the summer, but it recently became apparent that Derek Llambias and Lee Charnley could do the deal in this window. "It has become obvious this season that the team and the club have done exceptionally well, and Mike Ashley has backed me to bring this player to the club. "I would like to thank Mike, Derek and everyone involved for getting this deal over the line. "I spoke to Demba about Papiss, and he cannot wait to join up with his team-mate in Newcastle. "In the short-term, of course, he is at the Africa Cup of Nations, but the competition he will bring to our squad when he joins up with us should inspire the players and reassure them of this club's ambition. "Our fans know that this shirt brings its own pressures. One of the iconic numbers in world football - the number nine of Newcastle. "It will be only fair that Papiss is given time to understand the responsibility it brings. "As the manager, I wish him all the luck in the world to bring success to himself and this club." Newcastle managing director Derek Llambias added: "We are very pleased to bring Papiss to the club. "It is a signing which perfectly complements the type of side Alan is building, and we are sure he will prove to be an excellent acquisition going forward. "He has travelled a long way to come and sign with us today, and we thank the Senegalese Football Federation for their assistance in helping us secure the player." Share this page