What was the nickname of the WW2 aircraft - Fairey Swordfish?

Fairey Swordfish "FAIREY SWORDFISH HS554" ï¿½2000,    enhanced photo by Lance    Russwurm     The HISTORY of The FAIREY SWORDFISH     While it isn't unusual for a lumbering, outmoded anachronism to continue in service (such as fifty year old B-52's soldiering on in U.S. service), few of these had as successful a career as the Fairey Swordfish.     The design dated back to the early thirties when the British Air Ministry issued specification S.9/30 for a "fleet spotter reconnaissance aircraft". The Fairey Aviation Company submitted a privately financed design. Later design improvements led to the designation "Torpedo spotter reconnaissance".     It was a large, slow biplane with a low wing loading, ideal for actions off carrier decks. The structure was largely metal, covered with fabric. The first machine was powered by a Bristol Pegasus IIM air-cooled, nine cylinder radial, developing 635 hp. These were severely underpowered. The next, much improved, prototype used a Pegasus IIIM3 with 775 hp. First flown in 1934, this aircraft exceeded the governments demands, so an order was placed for the first 86 production examples in 1935.  The first deliveries were made in the following year, further orders continuing well after the beginning of the war.       The  three seater airplane could easily lift off a carrier deck with a standard 18 inch 1,610 lb. torpedo slung between the wheels under the fuselage. It's ungainly looks gave it the nickname "Stringbag", after a type of shopping bag used to carry all manner of things by old English ladies.     In spite of it's seeming lack of sophistication, the Swordfish was to prove excellent in its intended role. Although highly vulnerable to attack by fighter planes, it's low speed and stable stance made it easy to line up for a torpedo attack, coming in from abeam of a hostile vessel, while staying below the level the enemy ships could fire their guns. It's slow flying speed made landings much safer on carriers.....into the wind, the closing speed could be as little as 30 knots.     Because they were helpless against fighters, these airplanes were usually only operated far out sea, where land based opposition could not reach. Swordfish based at Malta were operated at night and were all but invulnerable to the opposition. Starting in 1940, squadrons of Swordfish stationed here had sunk more than a million and a half tons of enemy shipping....a record never to be equaled. Maintenance was a breeze on such a simple design. "ILLUSTRIOUS" COMBAT HISTORY OF THE TYPE     Swordfish were used tentatively for escort duty at the very beginning, until they had a chance to prove themselves. This soon came to pass, when a floatplane version, flown by W.M.L. Brown  off the HMS WARSPITE was used to spot for the guns of that ship, resulting in the destruction of seven German destroyers. (Brown dealt the finishing blow to one of these with a bomb from his aircraft). Shortly afterwards, the same pilot executed the first dive bombing attack by the Fleet Air Arm, resulting in the sinking of a U-boat. **********     The Swordfish became legend when they made naval history at TARANTO, Italy. The modern Italian fleet was anchored here on the night of November 11, 1940. That evening, two strike forces of twelve aircraft each, were launched from the aircraft carrier HMS ILLUSTRIOUS.  Under a full moon, with total tactical surprise,  they evaded heavy fire and barrage balloons around the port, came in low and sank one battleship and crippled two others.   A heavy cruiser and a destroyer were also severely damaged. This strike reduced Italian naval power by half, for a loss of only two Swordfish (one crew).      The Japanese envoy in Italy took a great interest in this attack, studying its execution carefully. The Taranto raid, by proving the vulnerability of closely moored ships to aerial attack from aircraft carriers, showed the way to the future of air power.  He was shortly recalled to Tokyo and was instrumental in planning the attack on Pearl Harbor against the Americans. This, of course, had an immense


In snooker, whose nickname is 'The Nugget'?

Steve Davis Profile | Snooker Players Network Birth date: 27th August 1957 Born in: Plimstead, London, UK Nickname: THE NUGGET Known for: Dominating the 80's, Snookers first Millionaire, One of the all-time great players. Steve Davis is one of the true Snooker Legends. Having played as a professional for over 30 years, he's still actively playing in tournaments today, as well as commentating on them for the BBC at certain times. He's been World Champion 6 times and has been ranked number 1 in the world for 7 years. He completely dominated the 1980's snooker scene and comtinued to win events and tournaments in the 90's. Recently, Davis has not been in great form and occasional has to qualify for some of the tournaments. His incredible career is still going on and on a good day he can still beat the best of them. Away from the table Steve is also an avid poker player, spending many hours playing online. He's competed in some major televised events and even reached the final table of Pokermillion in 2002. More on Steve Davis, scores, results, events and tournaments. Davis was introduced to snooker by his father Bill, a keen player, who took him to play at his local working men's club at the age of 12, and gave him Joe Davis's instructional book How I Play Snooker. They studied the book and built Steve Davis's own technique on it in the 1970s. He started playing at the Lucania Snooker Club in Romford, where at the age of 18 the manager of the club brought his talent to the attention of Barry Hearn, chairman of the Lucania chain of snooker halls. Hearn became Davis's friend and manager. Paid �25 a match by Hearn, Davis toured the country, taking part in challenge matches against established professionals such as Ray Reardon, John Spencer and Alex Higgins. Around this time he was given the nickname 'Nugget' because, according to Hearn, 'you could put your case of money on him and you knew you were going to get paid.' Davis turned professional on 17 September 1978 and made his professional television debut on Pot Black, where he played against Fred Davis. He made his World Championship debut in 1979, losing 11�13 to Dennis Taylor in the first round. Davis came to public prominence after his performance at the 1980 World Championship, where he reached the quarter-finals, defeating defending champion Terry Griffiths en route, before losing to Alex Higgins. However, he won the World Championship the following year, and he would go on to reach seven out of the next eight world finals. From 1994 to 2007, Davis played in professional nine-ball pool events regularly. He was instrumental in the creation of the Mosconi Cup, and has represented Europe in the tournament on eleven occasions, and was a member of the team's 1995 and 2002 wins; his victory against the US's Earl Strickland clinched the 2002 competition for Europe. Davis has become known for his coolness and impeccable conduct in high-pressure situations, earning himself the nicknames 'Ginger Magician' and 'Nugget'. His initial lack of emotional expression and somewhat monotonous interviewing style earned him a reputation as boring. As a result, the satirical television series Spitting Image gave him the ironic nickname 'Interesting'. Davis himself now plays upon this image and says it helped him gain acceptance from the public. (Source: Wikipedia). The information above has been compiled and edited from various online sources which are believed to be in the public domain, including details relating to scores, results, events and tournaments. Therefore the accuracy of details cannot be guaranteed or verified. We make no claim of authorship and have cited sources where possible. If you believe any of the information above infringes your rights in anyway, please contact us via the DMCA link at the bottom of this page to have it removed.


What American TV comedy of the 70s was based on Steptoe and Son?

Steptoe and Son - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com EDIT Welcome to the Steptoe and Son guide at TV.com. One of the all time classics of British TV comedy. After the writers Alan Galton and Ray Simpson had finished writing for Tony Hancock, they were commissioned by the BBC to write seven individual plays for a series called ‘Comedy Playhouse'. One was named ‘The Offer' .which has lived on while the others have long been forgotten. The Offer consisted of Albert and Harold Steptoe, a father and son who have a love-hate relationship who are in the rag and bone trade or what is now commonly known now as junk men. Albert is always putting Harold down about his lifestyle, and the girls he dates. Albert is right wing tory, while Harold is old school labour. Albert turns out to be better at everything that Harold takes up. From Chess to Scrabble to Badminton, Harold starts out enthusiastically only to find out that his dad is able to beat him comfortably. The casting turns to be just about perfect. Two relatively unknown actors were cast. Harry H Corbett as Harold, and Wilfrid Brambell as Albert. After the first series the BBC realised that they had hit upon a gold mine. Steptoe and Son as the series was to be called ran for eight series, and it just got better and better Some of the best episodes come to mind, ‘ The Piano' where a customer tries to get Harold to move a piano from a penthouse apartment, ‘The Bath' where Harold turfs Albert out of his bedroom so he can install a bath, ‘A Musical Evening' in which the two of them have a pitched battle over their musical tastes., The Bond That Binds Us' where Albert after trying for years finally wins a £1000 on the premium bonds, ‘The Siege of Steptoe Street' where the local traders gang up on the Steptoe's to get them to pay their bills. ‘Any Old Iron' where Harold is chased by a gay antique dealer, ‘Divided We Stand' in which Harold fed up with Albert refusing to decorate the house, splits it down the middle, and the ‘Desperate Hours' where a couple of escaped convicts break into the Steptoe's house and hold them captive. Even after almost 30 years since the series finished, repeats have introduced a whole new audience to this superb series. The American series "Sanford and Son" was based on this British series.moreless


In 'Hamlet' whose grave is being dug when Yorick's skull is found?

SparkNotes: Hamlet: Act V, scene i Act V, scene i Act V, scene i, page 2 page 1 of 2 Summary In the churchyard, two gravediggers shovel out a grave for Ophelia. They argue whether Ophelia should be buried in the churchyard, since her death looks like a suicide. According to religious doctrine, suicides may not receive Christian burial. The first gravedigger, who speaks cleverly and mischievously, asks the second gravedigger a riddle: “What is he that builds stronger than either the mason, the shipwright, or the carpenter?” (V.i.46–47). The second gravedigger answers that it must be the gallows-maker, for his frame outlasts a thousand tenants. The first gravedigger corrects him, saying that it is the gravedigger, for his “houses” will last until Doomsday. Hamlet and Horatio enter at a distance and watch the gravediggers work. Hamlet looks with wonder at the skulls they excavate to make room for the fresh grave and speculates darkly about what occupations the owners of these skulls served in life: “Why may not that be the skull of a lawyer? Where be his quiddities now . . . ?” (V.i.90–91). Hamlet asks the gravedigger whose grave he digs, and the gravedigger spars with him verbally, first claiming that the grave is his own, since he is digging it, then that the grave belongs to no man and no woman, because men and women are living things and the occupant of the grave will be dead. At last he admits that it belongs to one “that was a woman sir; but, rest her soul, she’s dead” (V.i.146). The gravedigger, who does not recognize Hamlet as the prince, tells him that he has been a gravedigger since King Hamlet defeated the elder Fortinbras in battle, the very day on which young Prince Hamlet was born. Hamlet picks up a skull, and the gravedigger tells him that the skull belonged to Yorick, King Hamlet’s jester. Hamlet tells Horatio that as a child he knew Yorick and is appalled at the sight of the skull. He realizes forcefully that all men will eventually become dust, even great men like Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar. Hamlet imagines that Julius Caesar has disintegrated and is now part of the dust used to patch up a wall. Suddenly, the funeral procession for Ophelia enters the churchyard, including Claudius, Gertrude, Laertes, and many mourning courtiers. Hamlet, wondering who has died, notices that the funeral rites seem “maimed,” indicating that the dead man or woman took his or her own life (V.i.242). He and Horatio hide as the procession approaches the grave. As Ophelia is laid in the earth, Hamlet realizes it is she who has died. At the same moment, Laertes becomes infuriated with the priest, who says that to give Ophelia a proper Christian burial would profane the dead. Laertes leaps into Ophelia’s grave to hold her once again in his arms. Grief-stricken and outraged, Hamlet bursts upon the company, declaring in agonized fury his own love for Ophelia. He leaps into the grave and fights with Laertes, saying that “forty thousand brothers / Could not, with all their quantity of love, / make up my sum” (V.i.254–256). Hamlet cries that he would do things for Ophelia that Laertes could not dream of—he would eat a crocodile for her, he would be buried alive with her. The combatants are pulled apart by the funeral company. Gertrude and Claudius declare that Hamlet is mad. Hamlet storms off, and Horatio follows. The king urges Laertes to be patient, and to remember their plan for revenge. Analysis The gravediggers are designated as “clowns” in the stage directions and prompts, and it is important to note that in Shakespeare’s time the word clown referred to a rustic or peasant, and did not mean that the person in question was funny or wore a costume. The gravediggers represent a humorous type commonly found in Shakespeare’s plays: the clever commoner who gets the better of his social superior through wit. At the Globe Theater, this type of character may have particularly appealed to the “groundlings,” the members of the audience who could not afford seats and thus stood on the ground. Though they are usually figures of merri


Who was the mother of William 2nd and Henry 1st ?

RBH Biography: Henry I, King of England (1068-1135) Born: September 1068 at Selby, Yorkshire West   Riding King of England Duke of Normandy Died: 1st December 1135 at St. Denis-le-Fermont, Gisors, Normandy Henry was   the youngest son of William the Conqueror and his only child born in   England. He came into the World at Selby, in Yorkshire, while Queen Matilda   was accompanying her husband on his expedition to subdue the North. Henry   was always his mother�s favourite and, though his father held a life   interest, he inherited all her English states upon her death in 1083. As a boy, Henry received an excellent education at Abingdon   Abbey in Berkshire. Though a native speaker of Norman-French, as well as learning the usual Latin, he was taught to read and write in   English. He also studied English law, possibly with a view to entering the   Church, like so many other younger sons. Henry had a particular interest in   natural history and, being far in advance of the times, eventually collected   together the first zoo in the country, at his palace in Woodstock (Oxfordshire).   His wide-ranging knowledge earned him the epithet of �Beauclerc� meaning   �Fine Scholar�, a name of which he was extremely proud. In later years,   he even declared that �an unlettered King was but a crowned ass.� Knighted by his father at Whitsun 1086, Henry became one   of the barons who suffered from divided loyalties after the latter�s death   the next year. The Conqueror left Normandy to his eldest son, Robert   Curthose, and England to his second son, William Rufus. For nine years, this   resulted in many disputes in which men like Henry, with lands in both   realms, were obliged to take sides with one overlord while unintentionally   antagonizing the other. Eventually, however, Robert renounced Normandy and   set off on crusade, leaving Henry and the other barons to serve the monarch   of a united kingdom. He was thus attending his brother, William, in the New   Forest when he was accidentally (or otherwise) shot dead whilst out hunting   on 2nd August 1100. Recognising the need for quick actions, the young prince   left his brother�s body on the forest floor and rode straight for   Winchester to secure both the treasury and his election as King by a small   band of available councilors. He then left for Westminster where Bishop   Maurice of crowned him in the Abbey, four days later. Henry promised to return to the ways of his father and   his first act as king was to restore the exiled St. Anselm to the   Archdiocese of Canterbury. He then began his search for a suitable wife and   quickly decided Princess Edith (later renamed Matilda), the eldest daughter   of King Malcolm Canmore of Scots. Her mother was St Margaret, the   grandaughter of the penultimate Saxon King of England, Edmund Ironside. So   their children united the blood lines of both the old and new ruling houses. Anselm�s return was not without controversy and the   monarch and prelate soon clashed over the question of lay investiture of   ecclesiastical estates. Believing he held his estates from the Pope, for   years, the Archbishop refused to do homage for them to King Henry, until the   frustrated monarch finally forced him to flee into exile once more. The   King's sister, the Countess of Blois, eventually suggested a compromise in   1107, by which the bishops paid homage for their lands in return for Henry   allowing clerical investiture. King Henry�s elder brother, Robert, had returned from   the Crusade in 1100, but proved such an ineffectual ruler in Normandy that   the barons revolted against him and asked Henry, a wise monarch and a   skilled diplomat, to take his place. The King crossed the Channel to aid   their struggle and Duke Robert was prisoner at Tinchebrai. Disquiet   continued to harass Henry�s rule in Normandy over the next few years, and   this was not helped by war with France. However, in 1109, his foreign policy   was triumphant in arranging the betrot


What is measured on the Stanford-Binet scale?

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale - children, functioning, adults, examples, person, used, score, skills, Definition Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Photo by: Vixit Definition The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB: FE) is a    standardized test that measures intelligence and cognitive abilities in    children and adults, from age two through mature adulthood. Purpose The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was originally developed to help    place children in appropriate educational settings. It can help determine    the level of intellectual and cognitive functioning in preschoolers,    children, adolescents and adults, and assist in the diagnosis of a learning disability, developmental delay, mental retardation , or giftedness. It is used to provide educational planning and placement,    neuropsychological assessment, and research. The Stanford-Binet    Intelligence Scale is generally administered in a school or clinical    setting. Precautions The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is considered to be one of the best    and most widely used intelligence tests available. It is especially useful in providing intellectual assessment    in young children, adolescents, and young adults. The test has been    criticized for not being comparable for all age ranges. This is because    different age ranges are administered different subtests. Additionally,    for very young preschoolers, it is not uncommon to receive a score of zero    due to test difficulty or the child's unwillingness to cooperate.    Consequently, it is difficult to discriminate abilities in this age group    among the lower scorers. Administration and interpretation of results of the Stanford-Binet    Intelligence Scale requires a competent examiner who is trained in    psychology and individual intellectual assessment, preferably a psychologist . Description The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale has a rich history. It is a    descendant of the Binet-Simon scale which was developed in 1905 and became    the first intelligence test. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was    developed in 1916 and was revised in 1937, 1960, and 1986. The present    edition was published in 1986. The Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale is    currently being revised and the Fifth Edition is expected to be available    in the spring of 2003. Administration of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale typically takes    between 45 to 90 minutes, but can take as long as two hours, 30 minutes.    The older the child and the more subtests administered, the longer the    test generally takes to complete. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is    comprised of four cognitive area scores which together determine the    composite score and factor scores. These area scores include: Verbal    Reasoning, Abstract/Visual Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and    Short-Term Memory. The composite Abstract and visual reasoning are analyzed in Stanford-Binet       intelligence tests. This blindfolded subject is matching shapes by       touch. (Richard Nowitz. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.) score is considered to be what the authors call the best estimate of "g"    or "general reasoning ability" and is the sum of all of subtest scores.    General reasoning ability or "g" is considered to represent a person's    ability to solve novel problems. The composite score is a global estimate    of a person's intellectual functioning. The test consists of 15 subtests, which are grouped into the four area    scores. Not all subtests are administered to each age group; but six    subtests are administered to all age levels. These subtests are:    Vocabulary, Comprehension, Pattern Analysis, Quantitative, Bead Memory,    and Memory for Sentences. The number of tests administered and general    test difficulty is adjusted based on the test taker's age and performance    on the sub-test that measures word knowledge. The subtest measuring wor


Now aged 90, June Spencer is the last of the original Archers cast. Which character does she play?

60 things you never knew you wanted to know about The Archers | The Independent Features 60 things you never knew you wanted to know about The Archers As Britain's longest-running soap celebrates its 60th birthday, Rebecca Gonsalves gives an everyday guide to its country folk Saturday 1 January 2011 00:00 BST Click to follow 60 things you never knew you wanted to know about The Archers 1/7 7/7 Giles Park/BBC 1.The pilot episode of The Archers, set in the village of Ambridge, was broadcast on the Midlands Home Service on 29 May 1950, going nationwide on 1 January 1951. 2. The opening lines were: Dan: "And a happy new year to you all." Doris: "A very happy new year, Dan." Dan: "Thanks, mother. If it's as good as the last 'un I'll be satisfied." And thus a broadcasting legend was born. 3. It is the world's longest-running drama. American soap Guiding Light ran for 72 years but was taken off the air after only 15,762 episodes, whereas The Archers will broadcast its 16,300th episode tomorrow. 4. The Archers' theme tune, "Barwick Green", composed in 1924 by Arthur Wood, has been played over 76,800 times. In 1972, the Somerset folk group The Yetties recorded a version which now accompanies the Sunday omnibus edition. The tune is so reminiscent of quaint English village life that Billy Connolly called for it to replace the national anthem. 5. 1952 saw the village's first major disaster when a jet crashed into a lower field of the Archer family's Brookfield Farm. 6. Phil Archer became a household name on 22 September 1955, when his wife, Grace, died in his arms after trying to save her horses from a stable fire. BBC executives claimed the occurrence of the first death in The Archers on the night ITV was launched was a mere coincidence. 7. The BBC switchboard was jammed for 48 hours after the landmark episode, which reached an audience of 20 million. 8. For many, the late Norman Painting's portrayal of patriarch Phil Archer was the embodiment of the perfect rural Englishman. Originally involved as an agricultural storyline researcher for "The Archers of Wimberton Farm", Painting went on to be celebrated in the Guinness Book of Records for playing the same role, without a break, for more than 50 years. He died in October 2009. 9. Writing under the pen name Bruno Milna, Painting wrote 1,198 Archers scripts between 1966 and 1982, frequently trying to write out his own character so that he could have a break. 10. Phil Archer's favourite hymn, "Waiting for a Wonder", was composed by Painting, a keen musician who was often responsible for the organ playing attributed to his character. 11. The first Archers birth was on 16 February 1951, when Peggy Archer (now Woolley) gave birth to her son Tony. Tony Archer went on to marry and have three children of his own, one of whom is currently pregnant by artificial insemination. 12. Memorable Scene I: Tony's elder son John died in a tractor accident in 1998. His father found his body, already cold. 13. Memorable Scene II: in 2000, listeners heard married publican Sid Perks, then married to Kathy, get steamy in the shower with country singer Jolene Rogers. 14. Historic First I: the first illegitimate Ambridge baby was Adam Macy, born on 22 June 1967 to Tony's sister Jennifer. 15. Historic first II: Adam and partner Ian, the chef at local posh hotel Grey Gables, were joined in the village's first civil partnership in December 2006. 16. Homophobia: Sid resigned the captaincy of the local cricket team when he discovered team-mate Adam was gay. The late landlord also had various run-ins with the gay couple who ran rival drinking establishment The Cat and Fiddle. 17. Racism: in 1995, Ugandan Asian lawyer Usha Gupta was the victim of a prolonged series of racially motivated attacks by a local gang. Fellow villager Roy Tucker was revealed to be a member, a fact of which he is still ashamed. 18. Sex discrimination: In 1996 some residents were appalled by the appointment of the parish's first female vicar, Janet Fisher. Peggy, played by June Spencer, now the sole remaining member of the original cast, ref


What do the Americans call what we call at bowler hat?

Derby & Bowler Hats - Where to Buy Derby & Bowler Hats at Village Hat Shop Derby & Bowler Hats Shop for Derby & Bowler Hats Sort By More Details English Wool Felt Bowler Hat   Introducing the English Bowler hat by Jaxon. This is a great looking bowler with all the classic trimmings and doesn't break the bank. Made in the classic bowler/derby hat tradition - the English Bowler hat has a stiff finish and features a round crown, curled brim, grosgrain ribbon hat band and edge trim as well as a smooth satin lining. Available in three great colors to easily coordinate with any gentleman's wardrobe - the English Bowler by Jaxon has the look you want at a price you can't resist! Approx.4 1/2" Round Crown2" Curled Brim   Made of:100% Wool Felt Approx. 1" Grosgrain Ribbon HatbandFaux Leather SweatbandRemovable Side FeatherJaxon Side PinSatin Lined Sizes: S, M, L, XL and XXL More Details Wool Felt Homburg Hat   Please Note: Sizes run large, see below or call us at 1-888-847-4287 for help with sizing. S = 7 1/8 (57cm)M = 7 3/8 (59 cm) L = 7 5/8 (61 cm) XL = 7 7/8 (63 cm)  The Jaxon Wool Homburg Hat is a classic! Once more popular than the fedora throughout Europe and America, this classic style was considered as formal as top hat and derby styles. Later nicknamed the "Godfather" by popular American culture, the classic Homburg still holds a place in today's fashion.   Featuring the classic stiff finish, center dent crown and curled brim, the Jaxon Wool Homburg Hat gives you the complete look at an unbeatable price!   Approx.4 1/4" Center Dent Crown3" Curled Brim   Made of:100% Wool Felt - Stiff Finish   Grosgrain Ribbon HatbandGrosgrain Ribbon Bound EdgeRemovable Jaxon Side PinCotton SweatbandSatin Lined   Sizes: S, M, L and XL   Made in the USA100% Wool Felt Price: $75.00 More Details Made in the USA - Classics Godfather Hat by Jaxon and James   Made in the USA   Dating back to the early 19th Century, the Homburg (as it was known) was commonly worn by well-dressed, affluent gentlemen – it was the everyday hat of bankers and politicians. Originally named after the city in Germany, Al Pacino is credited with changing the name to ‘Godfather’ after he famously wore it during the movie of the same name. This started a new life for the Godfather hat in Hollywood as the hat of choice for gangsters and Mafioso alike. Today, you don’t have to be a banker or a gangster, wearing a Jaxon Godfather Homburg Hat is still a sign of an influential person.   Approx.4 1/4" Center Cent Crown3" Curled Brim   Made of:100% Wool Felt(Stiff Finish)   Made in the USAGrosgrain Ribbon HatbandGrosgrain Ribbon Bound EdgeLeather SweatbandRemovable Side FeatherCustom Satin Lining   Sizes: S, M, L and XL   For Bulk/Wholesale purchase of this hat, CLICK HERE.    More Details English Wool Felt Derby Hat   Please Note: Sizes run large. See below or call 1-888-847-4287 for help with sizing.Small = 7 (56cm) Medium = 7 1/4 (58cm) Large = 7 1/2 (60cm) X-Large = 7 3/4 (62cm) XX-Large = 8 (64cm)   The Jaxon English Derby Hat is one cool derby! Made in the classic tradition with a stiff wool felt finish and curled brim, this derby features grosgrain ribbon trim, satin lining and a faux leather sweatband. Yet another classic style from Jaxon Hats to add to any gentleman's hat collection! Approx.4 1/2" Round Crown2" Curled Brim   Made of:100% Wool Felt Grosgrain Ribbon HatbandGrosgrain Ribbon Bound BrimFaux Leather Sweatband Removable Side FeatherSatin Lining    For Bulk Purchase of this hat, CLICK HERE.  More Details 140 - 1890s Bowler Hat - Made to Order   These pieces are currently Made to Order and will take 2-4 weeks to make before shipping   Made in the USA The bowler hat, or the "Derby", was designed by the hatters James and George Lock of Mr. Lock of St. James's Street in the central London district of St. James. James Lock & Co. was founded in 1676 and the bowler hat was introduced in 1849. The Locks would send their design to hatmakers Thomas and William Bowler, who produced a prototype of the hat and renamed it “The Bowler." Originally, the hat’s material was manu


Who painted 'The Birth of Venus' and 'Primavera'?

Sandro Botticelli: Primavera and The Birth of Venus HOME Botticelli - Primavera and The Birth of Venus Sandro Botticelli’s “Primavera” or the “Allegory of Spring” reveals a strange and ambiguous beauty. Together with other mythological and allegorical paintings, it was created for Lorenzo di Piero Francesco’s newly bought villa at Castello. The “Allegory of Spring” and “Pallas and the Centaur,” were painted in 1482, the “Birth of Venus in 1485.” For him Botticelli also executed the Dante illustrations. The artist relation with his patron lasted some twenty years, corresponding to Sandro’s most precious and characteristic work. In contrast, his relations with the ruling Medici, and especially with Lorenzo the Magnificent, are quite insignificant. Except the commissions for the Sistine Chapel, no others will come close in importance to those undertaken for Castello and its master. Sandro Botticelli - Primavera, 1482 Uffizi, Florence ”Primavera” is purely literary and classical. Cupid, Venus, Flora, Spring, and Zephyr, actually all the figures on the right hand side of the picture, are borrowed from Lucretius. To confirm, we can read in the fifth book of De Rerum Natura a splendid passage in which Venus is represented as she who renews all life through recurring springs. “Primavera” is only less literary than the “Calumny of Apelles.” Its strange beauty is individual. The artist was absorbed in a dissolving Tuscan spring, resolving itself into a distant garden of Venus, an antique paradise, composed, after all, of dear, local Tuscan materials, and peopled by the little girls and youths of Florence, raised to a momentary divinity. The orange stand of trees seems an elaborated metal bas-relief, completely unusual for the Florentine art of the period, a reminder of a late Gothic decorative motive. The companion piece, the “Birth of Venus,” was created a few years later. According to the legend, the picture was painted for Lorenzo de’ Medici, and the figures are representing real persons. It is said that Mercury is the unfortunate Guliano, and Venus the fair Simonetta, his love, who have sat for many of Botticelli’s pictures. Her transparent, fragile beauty is said to have haunted Botticelli for many years after her death. We do not know for sure if this is true, and it is possible that the relations between Giuliano and Simonetta Vespucci were merely ceremonious. What we know for sure is that Giuliano, wearing her colors as a compliment, won the midsummer joust of 1475. As the poets were glorifying the champion, she died, and the same writers took advantage in adding an elegiac note to their chivalric poems. The assassination of Giuliano himself, in the flower of his youth, gave pathetic credence to such rhetoric. Critics may prefer one picture or the other. Lovers of the fantastic, essential Botticelli, will prefer “Primavera” for the richness of its contents, the varied impressions it relays, and the general romantic treatment. Botticelli - The Birth of Venus, 1485 Uffizi, Florence The more classically inclined will find a higher satisfaction in the simpler and more unified impression of the “Birth of Venus,” in the more advanced and purposeful rendering of the landscape, in its harmony of somber colors of gray, olive, pale blue, and rose, with fine tracery of gold, and in the melancholy of the virgin goddess. Motion, reinforced by the symmetry of color is the main impression one gets from “Primavera” and “Birth of Venus.” No other among the Renaissance painters has Botticelli’s grace and charm, none his lightness of touch; no one can portray wind and floating draperies and the feeling of air and motion as he does, and above all, none can infuse into grace and beauty that touch of yearning and wistfulness. And it is the finer use of brush in masses that distinguish Botticelli from Antonio Pollaiuolo. “Primavera” shows an amazing arrangement of line, and this may be said to be a linear quality. Botticelli was even named the master of a single line. But he uses it to outline the figure contour, a fold or a hand, everything d


In the 2010 film, Eat, Pray, Love who plays the part of the book's author?

2010 Eat, Pray, Love Movie Based on Book by Elizabeth Gilbert Anna Karenina 2010 Movies Based on Books Read the Book Before You See the Movie. Which is better? You decide. Browse movies based on books. Eat, Pray, Love (Travel, Divorce, Discovery, Fulfillment, Adaptation) PLOT: In this memoir, Elizabeth Gilbert (Julia Roberts), decides that marriage and trying for children are not her true desires and decides to change the direction of her life. After going through a painful divorce, she takes off on a year long journey to discover pleasure in Italy, devotion in India and balance in Indonesia.  AUTHOR: Elizabeth Gilbert 2010 Movies Based On Books List Movie Title


Whose 2010 album, gospel music, is called Praise and Blame?

Tom Jones: Praise & Blame | Music | The Guardian Tom Jones: Praise & Blame Share on Messenger Close There are those who, faced with Praise & Blame – Tom Jones's latest album – would arc inexorably towards the latter of the title's two options like a pair of thrown knickers. Jones, who turned 70 this year, is a showbiz survivor, a vestige of pre-rock antiquity, leathery of hide and canny of mien, a creature whose spiritual home is that temple to fakery, Las Vegas. In recent times, Wales's biggest export has gone dance (featuring on Chicane's "Stoned in Love" in 2006) and has even turned his wide-gauge pipes to hip-hop (with Wyclef Jean, in 2002). Put politely, Jones has pursued the prize of continued pop relevance with little shame. That Jones should turn his attention to gospel and blues covers in the wake of Johnny Cash's American Recordings collections can be read in the same spirit – that Jones is a man with an eye perpetually on his main chance. The runaway success of Robert Plant and Alison Krauss's bluegrass'n'roots Raising Sand from 2007 will not have escaped Jones's people either. Add to these reckonings a leaked internal email from Island vice-president David Sharpe apparently denigrating Praise & Blame – it has the strong scent of a publicity scam about it – and you have an album whose calculations are there for all to see. Trouble is, for all that, Praise & Blame is not bad at all. There is little of the racked gravitas of Cash's final studio sessions here, and not much of Plant and Krauss's (and producer T-Bone Burnett's) penchant for reanimating off-beat rarities. Aficionados tend to prefer revamped legends whispery and contrite, rather than vigorous and finger-clicking. Jones grew up on these hymns and spirituals; his enthusiasm for this project is palpable. It is also very hard to excise the twinkle from Jones's eye; he just can't resist hamming it up. Jessie Mae Hemphill's "Lord Help the Poor and Needy" swings far more than a gospel track has any right to, and Jones's delivery can't dodge the adjective "lusty". "Strange Things" is pure showbiz, despite the coo of backing vocalists that reportedly include bluegrass scholar Gillian Welch. But Jones's bluster, his gameness, works better than the overcooked passion of the recently released Richard Ashcroft record, yet another attempt to send a floundering British soul man to America's fertile South. The stripped-back blues of Jones's rendition of John Lee Hooker's "Burning Hell" has been compared to the White Stripes, but it has more than a little of the nudge-wink-growl of AC/DC about it. In keeping things simple, Ethan Johns's restrained production works very hard to make Jones spare, fluent and tasteful. In the controversial leaked email, veep David Sharpe apparently berated Island's A&R department for allowing their reputed £1.5m signing to rehearse "the book of common prayer" instead of producing another "Sex Bomb". "I bought a Mercedes," he supposedly complains, "and I got a hearse." Praise & Blame, though, shows the good sense in Jones, just for once, parking the déclassé luxury car.


Cara, Estima and Desiree are types of what?

BBC - Food - Potato recipes Potato recipes Roast potatoes By Mike Robinson Potatoes are tubers that are a staple food in many parts of the world, particularly Europe and the West. They are commonly categorised according to when they're harvested (early, mid-season and late) as well as their characteristics (whether waxy in appearance, or floury once cooked). All-rounder varieties include King Edward, Maris Piper, Romano and Desirée potatoes, which are suitable for every type of cooking except for salads and steaming. Recipes using potato By Darina Allen and Rosemary Kearney Drinks and cocktails See all recipes using potato Buyer's guide The British potato season begins in April with waxy Jersey Royals, which continue into June. Other early potatoes, including waxy salad varieties, start to appear in May. Duke of York (1942) come into season in September and last through to April, but the main potato season begins in October. These potatoes are available until early spring - but beware that, towards the end of storage in March, the starch in potatoes turns to sugar, so chips made from stored varieties will tend to be soggy but sweeter. Despite this humble tuber's popularity, shoppers have generally been offered very little choice about what types of potato to choose from. Supermarkets and some farmers' markets are increasing their range of old and new potato varieties, with myriad tastes and textures. Whichever you buy, they should be firm and well-shaped with no eyes or green patches. The British tend to prefer white-fleshed tatties, whereas the Dutch and Spanish like yellow-fleshed potatoes, but colour makes little difference to the taste. Once cooked the texture of potatoes can range from smooth, waxy-textured flesh perfect for salads to floury-textured flesh ideal for fluffy mashed potato, so it's important to know what type of potato you've bought before you decide how to cook them. Storage Potatoes can be stored in hessian or paper sacks; just remove any moist mud from them to prevent mould from forming. Store in a cool, airy, dark place, such as a larder or a shed. Preparation The following cooking methods suit different potatoes best: Baking - Cara, Golden Wonder, Marfona, Estima Boiling - Cara, Estima, Pink Fir Apple, Saxon, Nadine, Vivaldi, Yukon Gold Chips - Estima, Maris Piper, Pentland Dell, Sante, King Edward, Golden Wonder Mashing - King Edward, Pentland Squire, Pentland Dell Roasting - Cara, Wilja, Pentland Dell Salad - Charlotte, Ratte, Jersey Royal, Pink Fir Apple, Vales Emerald On this page


An atom which has become electrically charged by gaining or losing electrons is known as what?

Ions: Atoms with an Electrical Charge - dummies Ions: Atoms with an Electrical Charge Ions: Atoms with an Electrical Charge Ions: Atoms with an Electrical Charge Atoms (or groups of atoms) in which there are unequal numbers of protons and electrons are called ions. Usually, the number of protons and electrons in atoms are equal. But there are cases in which an atom can acquire an electrical charge. An ion example For example, in the compound sodium chloride — table salt — the sodium atom has a positive charge and the chlorine atom has a negative charge. The neutral sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons, which means it has 11 positive charges and 11 negative charges. Overall, the sodium atom is neutral, and it’s represented like this: Na. But the sodium ion contains one more positive charge than negative charge, so it’s represented like this: This unequal number of negative and positive charges can occur in one of two ways: An atom can gain a proton (a positive charge) or lose an electron (a negative charge). Cations and anions So which process is more likely to occur? In general, it’s easy to gain or lose electrons but very difficult to gain or lose protons. So atoms become ions by gaining or losing electrons. And ions that have a positive charge are called cations. The progression goes like this: The sodium ion shown above is formed from the loss of one electron. Because it lost an electron, it has more protons than electrons, or more positive charges than negative charges, which means it’s now called the: Likewise, when the neutral magnesium atom loses two electrons, it forms the: Now consider the chlorine atom in sodium chloride. The neutral chlorine atom has acquired a negative charge by gaining an electron. Because it has unequal numbers of protons and electrons, it’s now an ion. And because ions that have a negative charge are called anions, it’s now called the: Other details about ions Here are some extra tidbits about ions: You can write electron configurations and energy level diagrams for ions. The neutral sodium atom (11 protons) has an electron configuration of: The sodium cation has lost an electron — the valence electron, which is farthest away from the nucleus (the 3s electron, in this case). The electron configuration of the sodium ion is: The electron configuration of the chloride ion is: This is the same electron configuration as the neutral Argon atom. If two chemical species have the same electron configuration, they’re said to be isoelectronic. The preceding examples are all monoatomic (one atom) ions. But polyatomic (many atom) ions do exist. The ammonium ion is a polyatomic ion, or, specifically, a polyatomic cation. It is written as: The nitrate ion, is also a polyatomic ion, or, specifically, a polyatomic anion. It is written as Ions are commonly found in a class of compounds called salts, or ionic solids. Salts, when melted or dissolved in water, yield solutions that conduct electricity. A substance that conducts electricity when melted or dissolved in water is called an electrolyte. Table salt — sodium chloride — is a good example. On the other hand, when table sugar (sucrose) is dissolved in water, it becomes a solution that doesn’t conduct electricity. So sucrose is a nonelectrolyte. Whether a substance is an electrolyte or a nonelectrolyte gives clues to the type of bonding in the compound. If the substance is an electrolyte, the compound is probably ionically bonded. If it’s a nonelectrolyte, it’s probably covalently bonded.


Which country introduced the 'Cult of the Supreme Being' in 1794, intended to become the state religion?

Cult of the Supreme Being : definition of Cult of the Supreme Being and synonyms of Cult of the Supreme Being (English) 10 External links   Origins The French Revolution had given birth to many radical changes in France, but one of the most fundamental for the hitherto Catholic nation was the official rejection of religion . The first major organized school of thought emerged under the umbrella name of the Cult of Reason . Advocated by extreme radicals like Jacques Hébert and Antoine-François Momoro , the Cult of Reason distilled a mixture of largely atheistic views into a humanocentric philosophy. No gods at all were worshiped in the Cult – the guiding principle was devotion to the abstract conception of Reason . [3] This bold rejection of all divinity appalled the rectitudinous Robespierre. Its offense was compounded by the "scandalous scenes" and "wild masquerades" attributed to its practice. [4] In late 1793, Robespierre delivered a fiery denunciation of the Cult and its proponents [5] and proceeded to give his own vision of proper Revolutionary religion. Devised almost entirely by his own hand, Le culte de l'Être suprême was formally announced before the French National Convention on 7 May 1794. [6]   Inscription on the cathedral of Clermont-Ferrand , saying: "The French people recognize the Supreme Being and the immortality of the soul".   Religious tenets Robespierre believed that reason is only a means to an end, and the singular end is Virtue . He sought to move beyond simple deism (often described as Voltairean by its adherents) to a new and, in his view, more rational devotion to the godhead . The primary principles of the Cult of the Supreme Being were a belief in the existence of a god and the immortality of the human soul . [7] Though not inconsistent with Christian doctrine, these beliefs were put to the service of Robespierre's fuller meaning, which was of a type of civic-minded, public virtue he attributed to the Greeks and Romans. [8] This type of Virtue could only be attained through active fidelity to liberty and democracy. [9] Belief in a living god and a higher moral code, he said, were "constant reminders of justice" and thus essential to a republican society. [10]   Revolutionary impact Robespierre used the religious issue to publicly denounce the motives of many radicals not in his camp, and it led, directly or indirectly, to the executions of Revolutionary de-Christianisers like Hébert, Momoro, and Anacharsis Cloots . [11] The establishment of the Cult of the Supreme Being represented the beginning of the reversal of the wholesale de-Christianisation process that had been looked upon previously with official favor. [12] Simultaneously it marked the apogee of Robespierre's power. Though in theory he was just an equal member of the Committee of Public Safety , Robespierre at this point possessed a national prominence bordering on the imperial. [13]   Festival of the Supreme Being   The Festival of the Supreme Being, by Pierre-Antoine Demachy (1794). To inaugurate the new state religion, Robespierre declared that 20 Prairial Year II (8 June 1794) would be the first day of national celebration of the Supreme Being, and future republican holidays were to be held every tenth day – the days of rest (décadi) in the new French Republican Calendar . [14] Every locality was mandated to hold a commemorative event, but the event in Paris was designed on a massive scale. The festival was organized by the artist Jacques-Louis David and took place around a man-made mountain on the Champ de Mars . [15] Robespierre assumed full leadership of the event, forcefully – and, to many, ostentatiously [16] – declaring the truth and "social utility" of his new religion. [17]   Legacy The Cult of the Supreme Being and its much-derided festival can be said to have contributed to the Thermidorian reaction and the downfall of Robespierre. [18] With his death at the guillotine on 28 July 1794, the cult lost all official sanction and disappeared from public view. [19] It was officially banned by Napoleon Bonaparte with his Law


Flora Poste and the Starkadder family appear in which novel? (a parody of those by Mary Webb)

Cherry Pie. Cold Comfort Farm. — The Little Library Café Cold Comfort Farm , Stella Gibbons, Chapter 21 --- Happy Midsummer's Eve readers! This weekend, we're joining resourceful Flora Poste, as she celebrates her greatest success, Elfine Starkadder and Richard Hawk-Monitor's short-awaited nuptials. These fabulously-monikered individuals are all part of Stella Gibbons' incomparable Cold Comfort Farm, one of my favourite novels. It's a wonderfully biting and truly funny parody of novels about rural life - especially those written by D. H. Lawrence , Thomas Hardy and Mary Webb . Our heroine Flora, newly orphaned, is taken in by some of her extended family, whom she has never met. She sets about finding 'solutions' to their myriad of problems, endearing herself to her relatives (sometimes), and the reader (at all times), as she goes. The wedding at the end of the novel (of course there has to be a wedding) is a beautiful event; lovely decorations, delicious food and plenty of champagne. It takes place on Midsummer's Eve, the perfect time of year in England to be baking a cherry pie. It's a simple and delicious pie - one which celebrates the ever-reliable marrying of fruit and pastry. To avoid a dreaded soggy bottom (your cherries should be bursting with juice, so this is definitely a risk), I've added some ground almonds into the mix. Latticed Cherry Pie  Baking tray Pastry brush 1. Start by pitting your cherries. If you have a cherry pitter, go ahead and use it, but I find a wooden skewer just as effective. Remove the stalk, push the blunt end of the skewer into the cherry and continue pushing until the cherry pops out the other side. You'll inevitably get cherry juice everywhere, so this is not a pie to make while wearing a nice dress. 2. Sprinkle the sugar over the cherries (you may need more or less than 3tbsp, depending on how sweet your cherries are) and pour the alcohol over the top. Leave the cherries to sit while you make the pastry. 3. To make the pastry, put the flour, salt and sugar in the mixing bowl and rub in the butter with your fingertips (try and avoid rubbing it with your whole hand - keep it to your fingertips only). Once the mixture resembles breadcrumbs, add the iced water, bring the dough together into a ball, wrap in cling film and place in the fridge for half an hour. 4. Remove the pastry from the fridge and divide into thirds. Place two thirds back in the fridge. Roll out one third into a circle (between two piece of greaseproof paper) and place it in the greased pie tin, ensuring that the pastry reaches all the way up the sides, and at least 5mm beyond the edge of the tin. If there are any holes, fix them with extra pastry. Put the tin in the fridge while you prepare the filling and the top of the pie. 5. Preheat the oven to 250C and place a baking tray on the middle shelf. Roll out the other two thirds of the pastry into a square-ish shape, between two pieces of greaseproof paper. Slice the pastry into strips about 7mm - 1cm wide (depending on how thick you'd like your lattice). We're aiming for a very tight lattice, so once you have the strips, place enough of them right next to each other, all running parallel, to cover the width of the tin. Do this on a sheet of greaseproof paper, so it will be easy to lift the lattice up later. One by one, weave more strips over and under these parallel strips at a 90 degree angle. You can do this by lifting every second one of the parallel strips and laying the new strip across. Repeat with more strips, right next to the first, until you have a very solid lattice - see the picture below. Place the lattice in the fridge (still on the greaseproof paper), and bring the pie tin and base back out. 6. Add the cornflour to the cherries, and stir it through. Sprinkle the ground almonds into the pastry base and spoon the cherries and some of their sweet liquor into the base. Run your finger under water and run it around the edge of the pastry. 7. Remove the lattice from the fridge and slide into place on top of the pie. Press down, all the way around the tin, and tri


Bert Hardy (1913-1995) was best known for what?

Bert Hardy Statement - Hyman Collection - British Photography Bert Hardy. Life in the Elephant (1948) Bert Hardy 1913-1995 Bert Hardy (1913-1995) is most famous as Picture Post's chief photographer in the 1940s and 1950s. Born in London to a working class family, Hardy started work as a laboratory assistant in a photographic agency, working freelance as a photographer. As a photojournalist Bert Hardy was gifted with a sincere interest in people coupled with an ability to win the trust of those that he photographed. Hired as a staff photographer for the Picture Post, Hardy used his Leica to capture the slums of London and Glasgow, the Second World War and Korea. Hardy travelled widely, capturing the leading events and personalities of the day, as well as gaining acclaim for his pictures of deprived areas of Britain, including an award-winning series of photographs of life in Glasgow's Gorbals and London's Elephant and Castle. As Hardy explained: "The ideal picture tells something of the essence of life. It sums up emotion, it holds the feeling of movement thereby implying the continuity of life. It shows some aspect of humanity, the way that the person who looks at the picture will at once recognise as startlingly true." Bert Hardy died in 1995 and will be remembered as one of the classic photojournalists of the Twentieth Century. Even in the direst of situations, the endurance of the human spirit shines through in Hardy's images. His work deserves to be considered alongside that of his contemporaries, including the great masters of Magnum, including Robert Capa and Henri Cartier-Bresson. All images © the artist or copyright holder | Website © The Hyman Collection 2017


What is the worlds' largest carnivorous marsupial?

Parks & Wildlife Service - Carnivorous marsupials Carnivorous marsupials Carnivorous marsupials The family Dasyuridae includes the well-known Tasmanian devil, eastern quolls (native cats), spotted-tailed quolls (tiger cats) and antechinuses (marsupial mice). The closely-related Tasmanian tiger, or thylacine, also a carnivorous marsupial, is classified in its own family, Thylacinidae. Over forty species have been described from Australia and New Guinea. Seven occur in Tasmania: White-footed dunnart Sminthopsis leucopus The carnivorous marsupials are among the most impressive of hunting mammals. However, their smaller size, nocturnal habits and cryptic behaviour often leaves them overshadowed in the popular imagination by the conspicuous carnivores of Africa and Asia, such as leopards, tigers and lions. As with all marsupials, the carnivorous species possess a pouch, although in some species, the pouch is little more than a mere fold. Typically, the young are carried within the pouch until such time that they are literally being dragged along the ground while the mother hunts. At this stage, the young are generally left in a den (such as a hollow log) while the mother hunts. Although most of the members of this family are small, about the size of a rat, Tasmania has the distinction of being home to the four largest carnivorous marsupials in the world.


Which architect designed Manchester Town Hall?

Manchester Town Hall Building - e-architect Home > Manchester > Manchester Town Hall Building Manchester Town Hall Building Published by Adrian Welch updated on March 6, 2014 Manchester Town Hall, Photos, Architect, Building, Project, Architecture, News, Design, Property Manchester Town Hall Building Victorian Architectural Development in northwest England – design by Alfred Waterhouse Manchester Town Hall Address: Albert Square, Manchester, Lancashire M60 2LA Phone: 0161 234 5000 Albert Square photographs © Adrian Welch, 28 Oct 2011 Manchester Town Hall Extension – photo © Adrian Welch, 28 Oct 2011 The building of Manchester Town Hall (1868-77) was undertaken because the neo-classical Town Hall in King Street had become too small to house the expanding business of the Corporation. An architecture competition was held and won by architect Alfred Waterhouse (1830 – 1905), mainly for his ingenious planning. The city centre site was an irregular triangle, on the east side of Albert Square. It needed to fit a large hall, a suite of reception rooms and living quarters for the Lord Mayor. The building also had to provide offices for all the Corporation departments and a chamber for Council meetings. Waterhouse successfully combined the ceremonial and workaday requirements. The Grade One listed building Town Hall was designed in the 13th century Gothic style. In the words of Alfred Waterhouse architect it was a building “essentially of the nineteenth century.” It incorporated such innovations as a warm air heating system. The structure comprises fourteen million bricks encased in Spinkwell stone. Manchester Town Hall Extension – photo © Adrian Welch, May 2011: Views of the council headquarters from Albert Square: photos © Adrian Welch Despite its medieval styling, the building was designed to support the practical technologies of the 19th century. It had gas lighting, and a warm-air heating system, which provided fresh air drawn through ornamental stone air inlets placed below the windows and admitted behind the hot water pipes and ‘coils’ of rooms. Warmed, fresh air was fed into the stairwells and through hollow shafts within the spiral staircases to ventilate the corridors. The pipes that supplied gas for lighting were ingeniously concealed underneath the banister rails of the spiral staircases. Alfred Waterhouse designed the building structure to be fireproof, using a combination of concrete and wrought-iron beams. Town Hall Extension:


In the world of rock music, how is Paul Hewson better known?

The My Hero Project - Paul David Hewson PAUL DAVID HEWSON by Nicole from Paradise Valley Paul David Hewson singing (http://salu2podcast.wordpress.com/u2-mini-bios/) My Hero My definition of a hero is somebody that inspires you or likes to do the same thing's that you like to do. For example like doing music, sports, or other things. A hero is someone who cares about other people and helping them. My hero is Paul David Hewson, better known as Bono. He is a band member of a Irish rock group from Dublin called U2. He has written many songs about poverty and the awful death of his father. He also wrote about many more subjects about life and the world. He has been the leader of the band U2 for thirty years. Bono was born in Northern Dublin, in Ballymun. At age fourteen, his mother died from a brain hemorrhage and his grandfather also died as well. Bono changed his name to Bono after ''Bono vox'' which means ''good voice'' in Latin. In 1976, he went to Mount Temple College. Then he started dating Alison Stewart and then they married on August 21st. Since then he has been busy on tour, making music, and being involved in many global projects. Bono has been involved in a variety of causes outside of U2. His work as an activist, due largely to his Christian beliefs, began when inspired by Live Aid. He traveled to Ethiopia to work in a feeding camp with his wife and the Charity World Vision. Bono also went to Central America in 1985 to see the damage caused by the wars in Nicaragua and El Salvador. After his visit, U2 toured as part of the Amnesty International Benefit Tour, a Conspiracy of Hope. In 2002 he started his program ''One'' which helps people in poverty and Aids in Africa. In 2006, Bono and Bobby Shriver co-founded the product (Red)campaign, which hopes to eliminate Aids in Africa. Bono has inspired me by his songs. His songs are all about his life, and things that have happened in other peoples lives. So someone can just sit down and listen to his music and remember all about the past and their memories. I think he is a good influence on people who want to be an activist. He cares about other people and helps them in poverty and Aids. He has done many good things for the earth like making a recycled clothing line called ï¿½Edun'' and that's how he inspires me to be like him.


The Bible Student Movement founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1872 is now known by which name?

Russell, Charles Taze | Article about Russell, Charles Taze by The Free Dictionary Russell, Charles Taze | Article about Russell, Charles Taze by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Russell%2c+Charles+Taze Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Russell, Charles Taze, 1852–1916, founder of the movement whose followers are known as Russellites, as Bible Students, and (since 1931) as Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses, Christian group originating in the United States at the end of the 19th cent., organized by Charles Taze Russell, whose doctrine centers on the Second Coming of Christ. ..... Click the link for more information. , b. Pittsburgh, Pa. There he predicted (1872) the second coming of Christ and the millennium. In 1878 he organized his followers as an independent church. His teachings were spread through the Watch Tower, which Russell began to publish in 1879. In 1909 he moved his headquarters to the Brooklyn Tabernacle, New York City. Russell was involved in scandals, which somewhat tarnished his reputation, but his sect, nonetheless, flourished. His writings are contained in a series of books under the title Millennial Dawn (6 vol., 1886–1904). Russell, Charles Taze (1852–1916) religious leader; born in Pittsburgh, Pa. Raised a Congregationalist, he became a traveling preacher advocating a doctrine of his own devising, and founded the International Bible Student's Association in 1872. Known as Pastor Russell though he was never ordained, he prophesied a long period of worldwide strife followed by the advent of the kingdom of Christ on earth. He founded the the Watchtower periodical in 1879. The sect he established changed its name to Jehovah's Witnesses in 1931.


What do the Americans call 'mobile phones'?

What Do People Use Their Cell Phones For Beside Phone Calls? What Do People Use Their Cell Phones For Beside Phone Calls? {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Full Bio The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. Loading ... Loading ... This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe When you see people with their cell phones walking down the street or sitting at a restaurant they are typically not making a phone call.   The Pew Internet & American Life Project surveyed over 2,500 people to determine what they used them for.  After phone calls the highest activity at 82% was taking photos which was a small increase from 76% in 2010. Below are the eight most common activities that a cell phone is used for after making phone calls. When looking at the trend for these activities over the past few years there have been significant increases for the other seven activities (note the various starting dates): Texting                                                     58% in 2007 to 80% in 2012 Internet access                                       25% in 2008 to 56%  “     “ Email                                                         19% in 2007 to 50%  “     “ Record video                                           18% in 2007 to 44%  “     “ Download apps                                       22% in 2009 to 43%  “     “ Health and medical information       17% in 2010 to 31%   “     “ On-line banking                                      18% in 2011 to 29%   “     “ It will be these and future applications that will be the battlegrounds for smartphone companies and carriers to differentiate themselves.  An example is Nokia ’s 41 megapixel camera which could step up the ante for high-quality pictures since it allows for them to be taken in lower light settings. Other applications such as NFC (Near Field Communications) have been slow to gain traction as it is reliant on the card reader infrastructure being upgraded.  While the EMV (Europay, MasterCard and Visa ) consortium looks to have a new system implemented in the US by October 2015, there are a number of hurdles with cost probably being the largest one to overcome. A complete copy of the November 25 Pew Research report by Maeve Duggan and Lee Rainie can be found at:


In 2006 Lord Michael Levy earned himself which nickname?

Lord Levy interview: 'Miliband? Not brilliant, not very bad... just so-so' - Telegraph Labour Lord Levy interview: 'Miliband? Not brilliant, not very bad... just so-so' Lord Levy, Labour fundraiser supreme, talks to Neil Tweedie about his  friendship with Tony Blair and his verdict on the new party leader. Lord Levy Photo: Andrew Crowley By Neil Tweedie 10:36PM BST 09 Aug 2013 Meeting Lord “call me Michael” Levy is a bit like stepping out of a cellar into a floodlit room. For a moment, one is blinded, overwhelmed, disorientated. Not just by the smile, which threatens snow blindness, but by the sheer perfection of it all: hair, tan, attire and, most importantly, welcome. The good lord must have been told once that it is important to look someone in the eye when greeting them, and this he does with a rare intensity. “Hi (insert name here), I’m Michael Levy!” he announces redundantly, gripping one’s hand firmly as the room basks in a dentally-generated glow. Like all men who have made their money in the entertainment industry, he is used to sizing up an act, managing to convey both delight and disdain in a single short encounter. You cringe inwardly as he examines you, feeling awful that your smile is not pumping out the megawatts like his, or that his idea of casual clothing is your idea of wedding dress. The immaculate suit, tie and shoes are finished off by a perfect equilateral triangle of white handkerchief emerging from the breast pocket, never to be used. The poor boy from Stoke Newington, grown rich in the record industry – we owe him for Alvin Stardust – has done good, so good that he has been described as de facto head of British Jewry. Does he agree? “Let me put it to you like this,” he says, in the first of many 'You might think so but I could not possibly comment’ answers. “For me to say something like that about myself would be incredibly presumptuous and not something I would say. If somebody wants to make a comment like that, and the media choose to say it, then so be it.” Which, presumably, means Yes. In addition to his supernaturally white teeth, Baron Levy of Mill Hill has another thing lacking in mere mortals: a media minder, who has come equipped with a tape recorder, presumably to ensure he is not misquoted. One can understand the precaution. In July 2006 Levy was arrested on suspicion of hawking peerages for money in his capacity as chief fundraiser of the Labour Party, the culmination of the 'cash for peerages’ scandal that threatened to inundate Tony Blair. It was a traumatic episode for Levy, who subsequently admitted to feeling abandoned by Blair in his darkest moments, but that, he says, is now behind him. In addition to raising millions of pounds for “Tony”, Levy was Blair’s envoy to the Middle East, spending a decade shuttling around the region, and he is anxious to examine the prospects of success in the latest round of talks aimed at settling that most intractable of issues, the Israel-Palestine question. “It’s a moment of truth for both sides,” he says of the latest diplomatic push by John Kerry, the American secretary of state. “This is the third term of office for Benjamin Netanyahu as prime minister and it really is his moment of truth.” Really? When there have been so many other moments of truth? “Let us give this process the benefit of the doubt,” he says. “The picture will not be very pretty if progress is not made. When one looks at what’s going on in Egypt, Syria, what’s being pushed on Jordan because of issues in Iraq and Syria, and in Lebanon.” Levy says he is still in touch with leading Israelis and Palestinians and that, despite the default pessimism that accompanies the issue, he detects a change in the air. Netanyahu may yet be able to push through concessions over Israeli settlement-building on the West Bank, despite opposition from within his own party, Likud, and more extreme elements in Israeli politics. “I don’t think the key settlement blocks are going to be touched but the outlying settlements may have to be – or probably will have to be – dismantled,” he forecasts. “T


The state in some insects between the larva and the imago is known as what?

Butterfly Life Cycle, Butterfly Metamorphosis, Egg, Larva, Pupa : Gardens With Wings Articles - Information About Butterflies, Caterpillars & Plants The Mysteries of Life November 2008 by Regina Cutter Edwards Butterflies go through four stages in life that are considered to be great mysteries. They are real survivors even with life’s many twists and turns. Butterflies have been able to adapt and make it through unimaginable obstacles. Butterflies are holometabolous, experiencing a complete metamorphosis, or in other words, a complete change in body form. They begin life as a larva and pupate into an immobile state and emerge as a butterfly, looking nothing like their pre-pupated state. Read on to learn more about these complicated yet fascinating stages of a butterfly’s life! Butterfly Egg The butterfly egg is spherical or ovate shaped, varying in color and size. It is covered by chorion, a hard shell that protects the egg, and is lined with a waxy layer that prevents dehydration. It is full of nutrients and is commonly the first meal for the newly hatched larva. There is a small opening called a micropyle which allows sperm to enter the egg for fertilization while inside the female. To protect the egg and embryo that is forming, the eggs are attached to a leaf by the butterfly using an adhesive-like substance that glues the egg to the plant leaf. The nature of the “glue” is still fairly unknown in the scientific community. For protection, the eggs are often laid on the underneath side of the leaf so as not to be visible to predators. It is essential for the eggs to be laid on the host plant for that particular butterfly species. Eggs are sometimes laid in groups, although many butterflies such as the Monarch lay their eggs singly. The average time for the embryo to develop is 7-14 days but in instances where the egg is the overwintering stage, the embryo may take months to develop. Butterfly Larva (Caterpillar) The larva stage of the butterfly’s life cycle is a time for growth. The larva, also known as a caterpillar, spends its time eating and growing. The caterpillars feed on their host plants, which can range from a single species to many different species. As caterpillars grow, they shed their exoskeleton. The exoskeleton is their support and protective structure outside their body. This process is called molting or ecdysis and is triggered primarily by hormones. The caterpillar forms a new cuticle underneath the old cuticle. Enzymes are secreted between the layers dissolving the muscle attachments to the old cuticle so the new cuticle can form without being exposed and the old cuticle can be shed. Each stage between molts is called an instar. Caterpillars usually have five instars before pupating, in which the same molting process occurs. Caterpillars have developed some interesting techniques to protect themselves. A common characteristic is camouflaging. Many caterpillars resemble plant parts, bird droppings, or may just look frightening to scare off predators. Many swallowtail caterpillars have huge ‘eye spots’ on their thorax regions and are able to inflate their body so that they appear snake-like. Swallowtail caterpillars also have an osmeterium, an interesting looking Y-shaped gland that protrudes out from above their head producing a smelly scent. A few caterpillars are brightly colored and they usually are able to save plant toxin in their bodies, making them poisonous to predators. Or, they may mimic other poisonous caterpillars while being completely harmless. The same is true for caterpillars that are covered in body hairs - some have stinging body hairs to prevent getting eaten.   As the caterpillar reaches the final instar, the wing pads have already begun developing. Right before the pupa stage the pads are forced out by the hemolymph, insect ‘blood,’ and by the time the larva has shed the exoskeleton to form the pupa, the wings are strongly attached to the body. This is why you can see the shape of the wings on the chrysalis. Pupa (Chrysalis) The pupa stage of the butterfly’s life cycle is a time fo


'Band of Joy' is the latest album (2010) for which artist?

ROBERT PLANT - BAND OF JOY (2010) Download full album - YouTube ROBERT PLANT - BAND OF JOY (2010) Download full album Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 13, 2010 http://downloads.bigfunzone.com/music... Click link to get full album Artist: Robert Plant 05. You Can't Buy my Love 06 I'm Falling In Love Again 07 The Only Sound That Matters 08 Monkey 09 Cindy, I'll Marry You One Day 10 Harms Swift Way 11 Satan Your Kingdom Must Come Down 12 Even This Shall Pass Away Category


The air sacs which make up most of the lungs of mammals are known as what?

Emphysema, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis and Other Lung Diseases - Hope Paige Hope Paige << Back to Lung Disease Resources Types and Causes of Lung Diseases - Diseases Affecting the Air Sacs (Alveoli) (JANUARY 2014) A number of diseases adversely affect lung function. Some impact the airways or lung tissues directly while others impede normal breathing by transforming structures around the lungs. Together, they represent some of the most common health conditions in the United States. Causes range from genetics and infections to environmental influences and smoking. LUNG DISEASES AFFECTING THE AIR SACS (ALVEOLI) After breath moves through the airways and into the lungs, it eventually branches off into tiny tubes called bronchioles that deliver air to small air sacs called alveoli, the walls of which are just one cell thick. These sacs make up the majority of surface area within the lungs, through which oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs. Diseases that can affect air sacs include: Emphysema Emphysema is caused by the gradual loss of air sacs within the lungs. This loss results in less surface area for the absorption of oxygen, leaving the person constantly short of breath. As it progresses, breakdowns in the structure of the air sacs also makes it difficult to expel air as one breathes out. Smoking is the leading cause of this disease. Pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection of the air sacs, usually caused by bacteria. Symptoms including coughing up mucus, chest pain and shortness of breath are common and may come on quickly. People are more likely to develop pneumonia while recovering from a cold or flu as the lungs’ ability to fight off infection is compromised. Similarly, people with asthma, cancer, heart disease or diabetes are more susceptible to pneumonia. Tuberculosis (TB)             Tuberculosis is an infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. While it can infect any part of the body, it is most commonly found in the lungs. Once in the lungs, it produces symptoms similar to a slowly progressive pneumonia. It breaks down the connections between the air sacs, leading to emphysema. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that can be transferred from one person to another. Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary edema is caused by excess fluid in the lungs. Fluid leaks out of small blood vessels in the lung and into the air sacs and surrounding area. This excess fluid makes it difficult to breathe. Heart problems are the most frequent cause of pulmonary edema, but it can also result from exposure to certain toxins, lung injury or high elevation. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) ARDS typically occurs in patients who are already critically ill or suffer serious injuries. Like pulmonary edema, excess fluids build up in the lungs, making it extremely difficult to breathe. Symptoms usually occur within a few days of the original illness or trauma. Life support with ventilation is usually necessary for the patient to survive while the lungs recover. Pneumoconiosis (Black Lung Disease) Black lung disease is also known as coal worker’s pneumoconiosis. The walls of the air sacs are inflamed by the inhalation of dust (likely coal dust). This creates scarring that stiffens the lungs and prevents proper inhaling and exhaling. Shortness of breath and chronic coughing are the most common symptoms. People with lung disease or any serious ongoing medical condition should consider wearing a medical alert bracelet to provide critical information to first responders in case of emergency.


Uncia Uncia is the Latin name for which animal?

ADW: Uncia uncia: INFORMATION References Geographic Range Snow leopards inhabit a large geographic range of approximately 2.3 million square kilometers and are widely but sporadically distributed throughout the high mountain ranges of Central Asia. This includes the entire Himalayan mountain system, as well as areas in Bhutan, Nepal and the Siberian region of Russia. Snow leopards are found anywhere from the Himalayas to southern and western Mongolia and South Russia, however 60% of the range occurs in China, particularly in the Xinjiang and Tibet autonomous regions, as well as in the Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu provinces. ( Fox, 1994 ; Hussain, 2003 ; Schaller, et al., 1988 ) Biogeographic Regions native Habitat Steep, rocky and broken terrain are the preferred bedding areas for snow leopards, specifically on or nearby to a landform edge close to natural vegetation. Cliffs and major ridgelines are preferred for daytime resting. Snow leopards live in alpine and subalpine zones from elevations of 900 to 5,500 meters or higher, but generally at altitudes between 3,000 and 4,500 meters. In the winter they may migrate to lower elevations of 900 meters, following their preferred prey. Snow leopards generally avoid dense forest cover and cultivated fields, but are associated with open coniferous forest, as well as arid and semi-arid shrubland, grassland, alpine meadows and barren habitats. ( Jackson, 1996 ; Lovari, et al., 2013 ; Schaller, et al., 1994 ) Habitat Regions 2952.76 to ft Physical Description Measuring from nose to tail, the length of an average adult snow leopard is 1000 to 1300 mm, with a tail length of 800 to 1000 mm equaling roughly 75% to 90% of total body length. This extremely long tail is used specifically for balance in the steep and rocky terrain they inhabit, but can also be used to cover their extremities during harsh winter weather. In general, the average mass for an adult is 35 to 45 kg with a total range of 25 to 75 kg across the species. There is no pronounced sexual dimorphism in the species, however males may be slightly larger than females in general. A characteristic of snow leopards is the extremely large size of their paws in comparison to other felids, which are an adaptation for walking on snow. The front paws are slightly larger than the hind paws, with an average footpad size of 90 to 100 mm in length and 70 to 80 mm in width. Snow leopards also have relatively long hind legs that are adapted for increased agility and jumping ability in their rugged habitat. ( Hemmer, 1972 ; Jackson, 1996 ; Rieger, 1984 ) The base fur color can range anywhere from light gray to smoke gray to cream-yellow, with a white tint generally found on the underbody. The entire body is covered with greyish black spots and rosettes. Rosettes are larger rings encircling smaller spots and are only found on the body and tail, whereas the solid spots are found on the head, neck and lower limbs. Juvenile snow leopards have longitudinal black stripes across the middle of their back extending from the base of their head to their tail. As they grow and mature, these stripes break up into large spots forming two lateral rows of elongated rings along the center of the back. ( Fox, 1989 ; Hemmer, 1972 ) Snow leopards have long and thick coats that molt twice per year, yielding a longer and thicker coat during the winter. In the summer, fur length is roughly 25 mm on the sides of the snow leopard, and roughly 50 mm on the belly and tail. In winter, fur on the sides is roughly 50 mm, 30 to 55 mm on the back, 60 mm on the tail, and up to 120 mm on the belly. In addition to thick fur, they have small rounded ears that help to minimize heat loss in their cold, mountainous environments. In comparison to other closely related felids , snow leopards have much larger nasal cavities, as well as smaller and broader heads relative to their body size. ( Hemmer, 1972 ) Distinguishable skull features from other large felids are: an overall shortness of the skull, an elevation of the frontal area, more rounded orbits, longer postorbital and zy


Which 2010 film is about a 1968 dispute when women machinists went on strike for equal pay?

Dagenham sewing machinists recall strike that changed women's lives | Politics | The Guardian Trade unions Dagenham sewing machinists recall strike that changed women's lives 45 years after their dispute with Ford which led to the Equal Pay Act, strikers remember the making of modern industrial history Baroness Edith Summerskill (l) chats to striking sewing machinists at Ford's Dagenham plant in June 1968. Photograph: Bob Aylott/Getty Images Thursday 6 June 2013 11.56 EDT First published on Thursday 6 June 2013 11.56 EDT Share on Messenger Close For Vera Sime, a former sewing machinist at Ford's Dagenham plant in the 1960s, one of the epochal days in modern industrial history started like any other. "It was like a normal work day in that I got the children ready and gave them to my sister. Then we all met at the factory and got on the coach." Along with scores of female colleagues infuriated by a pay structure that blatantly favoured male workers, Vera travelled to the streets of Whitehall on 28 June 1968 where employees brandished a famous banner. It read: "We want sex". Twenty-first century prejudices make it tempting to jump to conclusions about that image, but these were hardly women playing up to some hackneyed Essex stereotype. A mammoth meeting that day between eight strike leaders and Barbara Castle, who was then employment secretary, brokered a deal to end their three-week strike, which resulted in the women agreeing to return to work and the conception of the 1970 Equal Pay Act. "Oh, we had some jokes with some men with that [banner]," recalls Vera , now 83, at her home in Rainham, Essex. She is interrupted by her friend and former colleague, 80-year-old Gwen Davis. "Well, you hadn't unfurled the banner properly had you?" she says. The full banner read: "We want sex equality." "Men were leaning out of their [taxi] cabs shouting: 'We'll be back at 6!'" interjects Eileen Pullen, also 83 and another former striker. Then the trio are overcome with the giggles. The three women are reminiscing about the 45th anniversary of 187 female Ford sewing machinists going on strike on 7 June 1968 in protest at their jobs being classified as unskilled - a story that inspired the 2010 film Made in Dagenham, starring Sally Hawkins, Bob Hoskins and Miranda Richardson. It was originally entitled We Want Sex. Since its release the former strikers have jetted to international film premieres, and addressed students - as well as the current staff at Ford - on the topic of equality. "A lot of the women at Ford came over to us and said: 'Thank you very much for fighting for us'," says Davis. "We are very proud." Back in 1968 the Ford women, and their fight for equal pay, split opinion. Not every trade union representative was initially supportive of what now seems obvious, that women and men should be paid the same rate for doing the same job. The women's shop steward, the late Lil O'Callaghan, had to push the convenor Bernie Passingham into supporting the cause, barking at him to "get off your arse Bernie and do something about it". He did, but the striking women also received abuse from male Ford colleagues who were not able to work - as well as their wives. "Some of the men said: 'Good for you girl', but others said: 'Get back to work, you're only doing it for pin money'," says Pullen. "A lot of women jeered us. They didn't go to work and their husbands were at Fords and we'd put them out of work". "But our wages weren't for pin money," says Davis. "They were to help with the cost of living, to pay your mortgage and help pay all your bills. It wasn't pocket money. No woman would go out to work just for pocket money, would she? Not if she's got a family". For all of the focus on how the strike forced the issue of equal pay over the subsequent four and a half decades, the essence of this dispute was not money, however, but recognition. The female machinists, who stitched the materials required to make Ford's car and van seats, were classified within the company pay structure as grade B. That meant they were officially unskilled, despite


Soft Ball' and 'Hard Crack' are stages in the making of what?

How to Test Stages of Sugar - How To Cooking Tips - RecipeTips.com How to Test Stages of Sugar Stages of Sugar | Testing with a Candy Thermometer | Testing with Cold Water Method When a recipe indicates that a sugar mixture needs to cook to a specific stage, the most accurate method to use is a candy thermometer to test the temperature as it is cooking. Cooking the sugar mixture to the proper temperature is critical for successful results in making candy. If you do not have a candy thermometer, the cooking stage of the sugar can be tested using the cold water method. See the information below on how to test for the different cooking stages of sugar. Stages of Sugar When cooking sugar, it will go through several stages as it boils; the more moisture that evaporates from the mixture the higher the temperature will rise. Different recipes call for the sugar to cook to different stages depending on what is being made and what is expected as the end result. The different stages are described as follows: Stage of Sugar Thread 215°F - 235°F / 108°C - 118°C Forms thin threads when dropped in cold water. Used when making syrups, jelly, fruit liqueur, and some icings. Soft Ball 235°F - 240°F / 118°C - 120°C Forms thicker threads when small amount is dropped in cold water. When the threads are removed form the water and rolled between your thumb and forefinger it will form a ball. The ball is soft and can be easily flattened when pressed between your fingers. Used when making fudge, fondant, pralines, creams, and buttercreams. Firm Ball 245°F - 250°F / 123°C - 125°C When dropped in cold water and then removed, it can be formed into a hard ball. It will hold its shape but when squeezed firmly, it will flatten slightly. Used when making caramels. Hard Ball 250°F - 265°F / 125°C - 133°C When dripped from a spoon the syrup forms thick threads that when dropped in cold water can still be removed and molded into a ball shape. This hard ball will hold its shape and cannot be flattened. Used when making nougat, divinity, and marshmallows. Soft Crack 270°F - 290°F / 135°C - 145°C When syrup is dropped into cold water at the soft crack stage, it separates into hard threads but they are not brittle. When removed from the water these threads will bend a little before they break. Used when making taffy, butterscotch, and popcorn balls. Hard Crack 300°F - 310°F / 150°C - 155°C When syrup is dropped into cold water at the hard crack stage, it separates into hard brittle threads that when removed from the water cannot be bent without breaking. Used when making toffee, brittle, and hard candy. For more information on testing the different sugar stages, Using a Candy Thermometer A candy thermometer provides the easiest method of achieving accurate consistency of the different stages of candy making. The thermometer has a movable clip that is used to connect and hold the thermometer to the side of the pan. The clip is adjustable so that the depth of the thermometer can be changed for different depth pans. To achieve an accurate reading the thermometer clip must be aligned on the thermometer so that it keeps the bulb from touching the bottom of the pan. Most candy thermometers will have the different stages of candy making marked on the temperature scale. These stages correspond to the cold water test for candy making. Thermometer Type Description Traditional Glass Tube Candy Thermometer Traditional glass tube thermometers are built with vertical scales, which often have colored bars that serve as measures to display temperatures readings at various levels when they are reached. Ruler Style Candy Thermometer Ruler-style thermometers are built with vertical scales similar to the glass tube thermometer but the thermometer is designed more like a metal ruler. There are often different levels marked on the thermometer that indicate the various stages of the sugar mixture so that it is easier to determine when they are reached. Dial Readout Candy Thermometer Dial readouts will display temperature levels registered on a full circle of numbers to show when v


1000+ images about Falabella on Pinterest | First love, Carousels and Therapy Forward The Falabella miniature horse is one of the smallest breeds of horse in the world, seldom taller than eight hands (78 cm/32 inches) in height at the withers. The Falabella is a rare breed, with only a few thousand individuals existing worldwide. The Falabella, despite its size, is not considered a pony, but rather is a miniature horse. See More


Whose summer residence is the Castelgandalfo?

Castel Gandolfo, Lazio tourist guide (the Pope's summer residence) Terracina temple Castel Gandolfo, Lazio A pretty hill-town perched high above Lake Albano (Lago di Albano), Castel Gandolfo is just a few miles south of Rome, and is the summer residence of the Pope Castel Gandolfo is one of the Castelli Romani , historic towns dotted around the wooded Alban Hills and dominated by grand villas. The summer residence of the Pope, Castel Gandolfo is little more than a pretty village clustered around the Papal Palace and the extensive gardens enjoyed by popes for centuries. It was a particular favourite of John Paul II, and one of the first acts of his successor, Benedict XVI was to thank the people of Castel Gandolfo and assure them that he, too, would be spending his summers in their "beautiful little town" above Lake Albano. Much of Castel Gandolfo is discreetly dedicated to the various Pontifical villas and religious foundations. The Papal Palace - with astronomical observatory attached - dominates Piazza della Libertï¿½, but other locations, like the sprawling papal gardens, are tucked away out of sight. The papal tradition of spending summer here dates back to Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644). However, it wasn't the first time that an important Roman had summered on this spot; the pontifical gardens of the seventeenth-century Villa Barberini cover the site of a villa belonging to the Roman Emperor Domitian. The Pope's gardens are truly spectacular, but sadly not open to the general public. With splendid views reaching over the plain to the sea, they contain extensive formal areas, farmland and a large chamber dating back to the time of Domitian. On the attractive main square, Piazza della Libertï¿½, the church of San Tommaso di Villanova, designed by Bernini, sits opposite the palace gateway. As well as a couple of cafes, there are also a few shops selling local produce and tourist fripperies in the piazza, perhaps with an eye to the faithful who arrive on summer Sundays to see the Pope. Castel Gandolfo is a sleepy little place, but although there's not a great deal for tourists to see, it's a pleasant spot to spend a few relaxing hours. There are some good places to eat, including the panoramic terraces of the Ristorante Bucci (pictured). The area is renowned for its local produce, and several establishments offer you the chance to taste and buy wine, meat and other local specialities. The town is picturesque, offering good photo-opportunities and a chance to appreciate Italian small-town atmosphere. It's hard to believe you are just a few miles from Rome as you admire the peaceful lake views or wander the tiny lanes. There is a tourist information kiosk (limited opening) close to the piazza (under an arch and down a slope) on Via Massimo d'Azeglio. Some decent public toilets are located below the piazza, overlooking Lake Albano. To reach Castel Gandolfo station, descend the zig-zag footpath helpfully called Via della Stazione. The town has a peach festival, the Sagra delle Pesche, on the third Sunday in July. The patron saint is San Sebastiano, whose saint's day is celebrated in September. Castel Gandolfo transport Castel Gandolfo is 15 miles from Rome and can be reached by bus from Anagnina Metro station, or by train from Rome's Termini station. Trains are infrequent, but the journey is very scenic. The station is halfway up the slope above Lake Albano (be alert as the station is not clearly announced or signed). A steep path zigzags uphill to the town, emerging just below the main square. It's quite a climb. The train and buses connect the town with the rest of the Castelli Romani. The enterprising could try walking to nearby Albano (along the wooded main road above the lake; 25 minutes then a steep drop into Albano) or down to the lakeshore and Marino. However, the roads are designed for cars and not pedestrians, so it's not a particularly enjoyable or safe walk. Castel Gandolfo accommodation In the historic heart of Castel Gandolfo is Hotel Castel Gandolfo - a well-reviewed hotel with lake views.