What is the term for playing a piece of music in a key other that in which it is written?

Glossary of Musical Terms Glossary of Musical Terms One or more vocalists performing without an accompaniment. Accelerando - A symbol used in musical notation indicating to gradually quicken tempo. Accessible - Music that is easy to listen to and understand. Adagio - A tempo having slow movement; restful at ease. Allegro - A direction to play lively and fast. Atonal - Music that is written and performed without regard to any specific key. Baroque - Time in music history ranging from the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 17th centuries. Characterized by emotional, flowery music; written in strict form. Beat - The unit of musical rhythm. Cadence - A sequence of chords that brings an end to a phrase, either in the middle or the end of a composition. Cadenza - Initially an improvised cadence by a soloist; later becoming an elaborate and written out passage in an aria or concerto, featuring the skills of an instrumentalist or vocalist. Cadenza - Originally an improvised cadence by a soloist. Later it became a written out passage to display performance skills of an instrumentalist or performer. Canon - A musical form where the melody or tune is imitated by individual parts at regular intervals. The individual parts may enter at different measures and pitches. The tune may also be played at different speeds, backwards, or inverted. Cantabile - A style of singing which is characterized by the easy and flowing tone of the composition. Cantata - Music written for chorus and orchestra. Most often religious in nature. Capriccio - A quick, improvisational, spirited piece of music. Carol - A song or hymn celebrating Christmas. Castrato - Male singers who were castrated to preserve their alto and soprano vocal range. Cavatina - A short and simple melody performed by a soloist that is part of a larger piece. Chamber music - Written for 2 to 10 solo parts featuring one instrument to a part. Each part bears the same importance. Chant - Singing in unison, texts in a free rhythm. Similar to the rhythm of speech. Choir - Group of singers in a chorus. Chorale - A hymn sung by the choir and congregation often in unison. Chord - 3 or 4 notes played simultaneously in harmony. Chord progression - A string of chords played in succession. Chorus - A group singing in unison. Chromatic scale - Includes all twelve notes of an octave. Classical - The period of music history which dates from the mid 1700s to mid 1800s. The music was spare and emotionally reserved, especially when compared to Romantic and Boroque music. Classicism - The period of music history which dates from the mid 1800s and lasted about sixty years. There was a strong regard for order and balance. Clavier - The keyboard of a stringed instrument. Clef - In sheet music, a symbol at the beginning of the staff defining the pitch of the notes found in that particular staff. Coda - Closing section of a movement. Concert master - The first violin in an orchestra. Concerto - A composition written for a solo instrument. The soloist plays the melody while the orchestra plays the accompaniment. Conductor - One who directs a group of performers. The conductor indicates the tempo, phrasing, dynamics, and style by gestures and facial expressions. Consonance - Groups of tones that are harmonious when sounded together as in a chord. Contralto - Two or three melodic lines played at the same time. Courante - A piece of music written in triple time. Also an old French dance. Da Capo - In sheet music, an instruction to repeat the beginning of the piece before stopping on the final chord. Deceptive cadence - A chord progression that seems to lead to resolving itself on the final chord; but does not. Development - Where the musical themes and melodies are developed, written in sonata form. Dissonance - Harsh, discordant, and lack of harmony. Also a chord that sounds incomplete until it resolves itself on a harmonious chord. Drone - Dull, monotonous tone such as a humming or buzzing sound. Also a bass note held under a melody. Duet - A piece of music wri


Which drummer was the band leader for his wife, Pearl Bailey?

Louie Bellson - Biography - IMDb Louie Bellson Jump to: Overview  (3) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trivia  (6) Overview (3) Luigi Paulino Alfredo Francesco Antonio Balassoni Mini Bio (1) Drummer, composer, author and conductor. He performed with the orchestras of Ted Fiorito, Benny Goodman, the Dorsey brothers, Harry James, Duke Ellington, and Count Basie. He toured with Jazz At the Philharmonic, and later organized his own band and did a concert tour with his wife Pearl Bailey. In 1965 he rejoined the Ellington orchestra. He has made many records. Joining ASCAP in 1956, he composed "Hawk Talks", Skin Deep", "You Gotta Dance", and "Ting-a-Ling". - IMDb Mini Biography By: Hup234! Spouse (2) ( 19 November  1952      - 17 August  1990) (her death) (2 children) Trivia (6) Inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame in 1993. Father of Dee Dee Belson . He passed away less than five months before her passing. Received a Jazz Masters Award from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1994; a Living Jazz Legends Award from the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in 2007; a Jazz Living Legend Award from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers; and a American Drummers Achievement Award from the Avedis Zildjian Co. He pioneered the use of two bass drums instead of one. Inducted into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 1978. See also


Which African country was never formally colonized, and resisted all kinds of European rule until 1920?

Countries in Africa Considered Never Colonized Countries in Africa Considered Never Colonized Countries in Africa Considered Never Colonized Colonization of Africa By Alistair Boddy-Evans Updated August 08, 2016. There are two countries in Africa which are considered to never have been colonized. The truth, however, is much more complex and open to debate. Where in Africa is Liberia?. Image: © Alistair Boddy-Evans. Used with Permission • Liberia Liberia was a colony for just over 17 years before partial independence was achieved through the declaration of a commonwealth (4 April 1839). True independence was declared eight years later on 26 July 1847. The American Society for Colonization of Free People of Color of the United States (known simply as the American Colonization Society , ACS) created the Cape Mesurado Colony on the Grain Coast on 15 December 1821. This was further expanded into the Colony of Liberia on 15 August 1824. The ACS was a society initially run by white Americans who believed there was no place for Free Blacks in the US. Its administration was later taken over by Free Blacks. continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge Where in Africa is Ethiopia?. Image: ©2007 Alistair Boddy-Evans. Used with Permission • Ethiopia In the 1880s Italy failed to take Abyssinia (as Ethiopia was then known) as a colony. On 3 October 1935 Mussolini ordered a new invasion and on 9 May the following year Abyssinia was annexed by Italy. On 1 June the country was merged with Eritrea and Italian Somalia to form Africa Orientale Italiana (AOI - Italian East Africa). Emperor Haile Selassie made an impassioned appeal to the League of Nations on 30 June 1936, gaining support from the US and Russia. But many League of Nations members, including Britain and France, recognized Italian colonization. It was not until 5 May 1941, when Selassie was restored to the Ethiopian throne, that independence was regained. More »


What Royal residence in London, originally part of St James's Palace, was used as the London residence of Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh from 1949 to 1952?

St James’ Palace | Exploring London 10 iconic London film locations…10. A bridge, a park, and a round church… May 4, 2016 OK, we’ve reached the last in our series of London film locations so this week we’re taking a quick look at three more… • The Millennium Bridge. Initially nicknamed the “wobbly bridge” due to its propensity to move underfoot, this footbridge over the River Thames first opened in June, 2000, for only couple of days before it was closed for almost two years so its movement could be fixed and eventually reopened again in 2002. But despite its young age, the bridge has appeared not just in a Harry Potter film – 2009’s Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince – where it gets destroyed but also in the break-out 2014 Marvel film, Guardians of the Galaxy in which it plays the role of a bridge in the city of Xandar (embedded in the rest if the CGI-created city). Among other London locations featured in that film is the modern Lloyd’s Building in Lime Street (again, it makes part of Xandar). • The Regent’s Park. The 2010 film The King’s Speech features numerous London locations – among them is the Avenue Garden in the south-east corner of the park where speech therapist Lionel Logue (played by Geoffrey Rush) takes a stroll with Bertie, the future King George VI (played by Colin Firth), which turns a little uncomfortable. Other locations include 33 Portland Place (which plays the role of the Duke and Duchess’ Piccadilly home as well as that of the interior of Logue’s consulting rooms in the famous Harley Street), and the Draper’s Hall in the City, the interior of which plays the role of St James’s Palace. • The Temple Church. This famous – and beautiful – City of London church made its starring performance in the Tom Hanks movie of 2006, The Da Vinci Code. The church enters the movie when symbology professor Robert Langton (played by Hanks) and cryptologist Sophie Neveu (played by Audrey Tautou) come here in search for a knight’s tomb. Other London locations featured in the film (alongside those in France and Scotland), include Westminster Abbey (although the interiors were actually shot at Lincoln Cathedral). For more on the history of the church, see our earlier post here  or on the tomb effigies, see our post here . Our next special series kicks of next Wednesday. Share this: Treasures of London – Queen Alexandra Memorial… January 29, 2016 Erected to the memory of Queen Alexandra, the consort of King Edward VII, the memorial – an ornate bronze screen – is located on the exterior of the garden wall of Marlborough House – the Queen’s former home – in Marlborough Road, opposite St James’ Palace. The now Grade I-listed bronze memorial, which is the work of Alfred Gilbert and was erected in 1932, is sometimes described as London’s only Art Nouveau statue. It depicts a central figure, described as “Love Enthroned”, supporting a young girl (perhaps a symbol of the Queen’s support for the next generation), and attended by two crowned bowing figures which it’s believed represent faith and hope. An inscription – “Faith, hope, love – The guiding virtues of Queen Alexandra” – sits below. The memorial was unveiled on 8th June, 1932, with the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in attendance. Queen Alexandra’s Memorial Ode, composed by Sir Edward Elgar, was first performed at the ceremony. The memorial was the last public artwork to be completed by Gilbert, noted for having also created what is arguably London’s most famous statue – that of Eros in Piccadilly (see our earlier post here ), who was knighted by King George V after the unveiling. The Queen lived at the property during her widowhood until her death in 1925. Apologies – we neglected to put in the link! Now corrected. Share this: 10 significant sites from Georgian London – 5. Horse Guards… March 26, 2014 Known around the world for the stoic mounted troopers which stand guard here, this rather fanciful building straddling a site between Whitehall and St James’s Park was built in the early 1750s on land which had previously served as a tiltyard for King Henr


"In rhyming slang, what is ""to talk a lot""?"

Cockney Rhyming Slang Cockney Rhyming Slang Close this window Cockney rhyming slang is a form of English slang which originated in the East End of London . Many of its expressions have passed into common language, and the creation of new ones is no longer restricted to Cockneys. Up until the late 20th Century, rhyming slang was also common in Australian slang, probably due to the formative influence of cockney on Australian English. It developed as a way of obscuring the meaning of sentences to those who did not understand the slang , though it remains a matter of speculation whether this was a linguistic accident, or whether it was developed intentionally to assist criminals or to maintain a particular community. Rhyming slang works by replacing the word to be obscured with the first word of a phrase that rhymes with that word. For instance, "face" would be replaced by "boat," because face rhymes with "boat race." Similarly "feet" becomes "plates" ("plates of meat"), and "money" is "bread" (a very common usage, from "bread and honey"). Sometimes the full phrase is used, for example "Currant Bun" to mean "The Sun" (often referring to the British tabloid newspaper of that name). There is no hard and fast rule for this, and you just have to know whether a particular expression is always shortened, never shortened, or can be used either way. Other examples of Cockney Rhyming Slang, or phrases inspired by it, are: Adam and Eve = believe = as in "would you Adam and Eve it?" Almond Rocks = socks Aris = Aristotle = bottle & glass = arse (a two-stage rhyme) [see Plaster below] Artful Dodger = lodger Berk or Burk = Berkshire Hunt = cunt (used as an insult, never as an anatomical reference) Boat = boat race = face Bob Hope = soap Boracic (freq. contracted to brassic) = boracic lint = skint (i.e. penniless) Bottle = bottle and glass = arse (i. e. courage; Courage also happens to be the name of a brewery) Brahms = Brahms and Liszt (classical composers) = pissed (i.e. drunk) Brass Tacks = facts Bristol = Bristol City = titty (i.e. breast) Brown bread = dead Chalfonts = Chalfont St Giles = piles (i.e. haemorrhoids) Chalk Farm = arm China = china plate = mate Cobblers = cobblers' awls = balls or 'bollocks' (i.e. testicles , but usually meant in the sense of 'rubbish' as in "You're talking a load of cobblers") Cock and Hen = ten Creamed = cream crackered = knackered (i.e. exhausted or beaten) Currant bun = sun or The Sun newspaper Daisies = daisy roots = boots Darby and Joan = moan Dicky = dicky dirt = shirt Dicky or Dickie = dickie bird = word = as in "not a dickie", or even "not a dickie bird" Dog = dog and bone = phone Duck and Dive = skive Ducks and Geese = F--k-in' Police Duke of Kent = rent Dukes = Duke[s] of York = fork, i.e. hand, now chiefly when balled into a fist Dustbin Lid = kid Emmas = Emma Freud (English author and columnist) = haemorrhoids Farmers = Farmer Giles = piles (slang for haemorrhoids ) Flowery Dell = ( prison ) cell Gregory = Gregory Peck = neck, or cheque Gypsy's = Gypsy's kiss = piss Hampton Wick = prick (i.e. penis) Half-inch = pinch (i.e. steal) Jack = Jack Jones = alone ("On my Jack" = "On my own") Jam jar = car Jam tart = heart J. Arthur = J. Arthur Rank (1930s UK flour magnate and film producer) = wank (i.e. masturbate) Jimmy = Jimmy Riddle (unknown person, not the character killed during the Waco siege)= piddle or widdle (urinate) Jugs = jugs of beer = ears Khyber = Khyber Pass = arse Lady Godiva = fiver (i.e. five- pound note) Lionels = Lionel Blairs (English variety performer) = flares (as in flared trousers) Loaf = loaf of bread = head ("use your loaf") Lucy Lockett = pocket Mickey Bliss = piss (as in "take the Mickey" = "take the piss" = satirise) Minces (or mincers) = mince pies = eyes Mutton = Mutt and Jeff = deaf = named after Mutt and Jeff , two early 20th century comic strip characters Nobbies = Nobby Stiles (English footballer) = piles (haemorrhoids) North and South = mouth Oily rag = fag (i.e. cigarette) Ones and twos = shoes Orchestras = orchestra stalls = balls (Orchestra stalls = part o


"What law is ""the volume of a given mass of gas at a given temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure""?"

Gas Laws Gas Laws One of the most amazing things about gases is that, despite wide differences in chemical properties, all the gases more or less obey the gas laws.  The gas laws deal with how gases behave with respect to pressure, volume, temperature, and amount. Pressure Gases are the only state of matter that can be compressed very tightly or expanded to fill a very large space.  Pressure is force per unit area, calculated by dividing the force by the area on which the force acts.  The earth's gravity acts on air molecules to create a force, that of the air pushing on the earth.  This is called atmospheric pressure. The units of pressure that are used are pascal (Pa), standard atmosphere (atm), and torr.  1 atm is the average pressure at sea level.  It is normally used as a standard unit of pressure.  The SI unit though, is the pascal. 101,325 pascals equals 1 atm. For laboratory work the atmosphere is very large.  A more convient unit is the torr.  760 torr equals 1 atm.  A torr is the same unit as the mmHg (millimeter of mercury).  It is the pressure that is needed to raise a tube of mercury 1 millimeter. The Gas Laws: Pressure Volume Temperature Relationships Boyle's Law:  The Pressure-Volume Law Boyle's law or the pressure-volume law states that the volume of a given amount of gas held at constant temperature varies inversely with the applied pressure when the temperature and mass are constant. Another way to describing it is saying that their products are constant. PV = C When pressure goes up, volume goes down. When volume goes up, pressure goes down. From the equation above, this can be derived: P1V1 = P2V2 = P3V3 etc. This equation states that the product of the initial volume and pressure is equal to the product of the volume and pressure after a change in one of them under constant temperature.  For example, if the initial volume was 500 mL at a pressure of 760 torr, when the volume is compressed to 450 mL, what is the pressure? Plug in the values: (760 torr)(500 mL) = P2(450 mL) 760 torr x 500 mL/450 mL = P2 844 torr = P2 The pressure is 844 torr after compression. Charles' Law:  The Temperature-Volume Law This law states that the volume of a given amount of gas held at constant pressure is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature. V Same as before, a constant can be put in: V / T = C As the volume goes up, the temperature also goes up, and vice-versa. Also same as before, initial and final volumes and temperatures under constant pressure can be calculated. V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 = V3 / T3 etc. Gay-Lussac's Law:  The Pressure Temperature Law This law states that the pressure of a given amount of gas held at constant volume is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature. P Same as before, a constant can be put in: P / T = C As the pressure goes up, the temperature also goes up, and vice-versa. Also same as before, initial and final volumes and temperatures under constant pressure can be calculated. P1 / T1 = P2 / T2 = P3 / T3 etc. Avogadro's Law:  The Volume Amount Law Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856) Gives the relationship between volume and amount when pressure and temperature are held constant.  Remember amount is measured in moles.  Also, since volume is one of the variables, that means the container holding the gas is flexible in some way and can expand or contract. If the amount of gas in a container is increased, the volume increases.  If the amount of gas in a container is decreased, the volume decreases. V FW = gRT / PV ; V = (0.1000 g)(0.0821 L-atm / mole-K)(295.3 K) / (0.0928 atm)(0.256 L) = 102 g / mole FW of CHF2 = 51.0 g / mole ;  102 / 51.0 = 2 ; C2H2F4 If the equation above is rearranged further, g / V = P x FW / RT = density you get an expression of the density of the gas as a function of T and FW. EXAMPLE 3: Compare the density of He and air (average FW = 28 g/mole) at 25.0 oC and 1.00 atm. dHe = (4.003 g / mole)(1.00 atm) / (0.0821 L-atm / mole-K)(298 K) = 0.164 g / L dair = (28.0 g / mole)(1.00 atm) / (0.0821 L-atm / mole-K)(298 K) = 1.14 g / L EXAMPLE 4: Compare the density of air at 25


Where is the world's oldest surviving bowling green, with the first recorded use being in 1299?

On The World's Oldest Bowling Green - British Pathé British Pathé This video has no sound Description Item title reads: "On the World's oldest bowling green (AD 1299). Sir John Russell installs "Sir" W. Day, 1927's winner over 350 year old competition for honour of knighthood of the Green." Southampton M/S bowlers, wearing dark jackets and white flannel trousers, some carrying umbrellas, some smoking pipes. They line up on the bowling green watched by onlookers. Officials in black suits with top hats and medallions, hanging round their necks, stand in line with Sir W. Day seated. He bows his head to be presented with a medal. The crowd cheer. Men in top hats wave their hats in a three cheer salute.


"Among the works of which English landscape painter are ""The Fighting Temeraire"" and ""The Sun of Venice Going to Sea""?"

William Turner Biography Self Portrait c. 1799 Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, England. His father, William Gay Turner (27 January 1738 – 7 August 1829), was a barber and wig maker. His mother, Mary Marshall, became increasingly mentally unstable, perhaps, in part, due to the early death of Turner's younger sister, Helen Turner, in 1786. She died in 1804, after having been committed to a mental asylum in 1799. Possibly due to the load placed on the family by these problems, the young Turner was sent to stay with his uncle on his mother's side in Brentford in 1785, which was then a small town west of London on the banks of the River Thames. It was here that he first expressed an interest in painting. A year later he went to school in Margate on the north-east Kent coast. By this time he had created many drawings, which his father exhibited in his shop window. He entered the Royal Academy of Art schools in 1789, when he was only 14 years old, and was accepted into the academy a year later. Sir Joshua Reynolds, president of the Royal Academy at the time, chaired the panel that admitted him. At first Turner showed a keen interest in architecture but was advised to keep to painting by the architect Thomas Hardwick (junior). A watercolour of Turner's was accepted for the Summer Exhibition of 1790 after only one year's study. He exhibited his first oil painting in 1796, Fishermen at Sea, and thereafter exhibited at the academy nearly every year for the rest of his life. her Last Berth to be broken up 1838 39 Although renowned for his oils, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as "the painter of light". One of his most famous oil paintings is The fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up, painted in 1838, which hangs in the National Gallery, London. Turner travelled widely in Europe, starting with France and Switzerland in 1802 and studying in the Louvre in Paris in the same year. He also made many visits to Venice. On a visit to Lyme Regis, in Dorset, England, he painted a stormy scene (now in the Cincinnati Art Museum). Important support for his works also came from Walter Ramsden Fawkes, of Farnley Hall, near Otley in Yorkshire, who became a close friend of the artist. Turner first visited Otley in 1797, aged 22, when commissioned to paint watercolours of the area. He was so attracted to Otley and the surrounding area that he returned time and time again. The stormy backdrop of Hannibal Crossing The Alps is reputed to have been inspired by a storm over Otley's Chevin while Turner was staying at Farnley Hall. Turner was also a frequent guest of George O'Brien Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont at Petworth House in West Sussex and painted scenes from the grounds of the house and of the Sussex countryside, including a view of the Chichester Canal that Egremont funded. Petworth House still displays a number of paintings. Thunder Storm Approaching As he grew older, Turner became more eccentric. He had few close friends except for his father, who lived with him for thirty years, eventually working as his studio assistant. His father's death in 1829 had a profound effect on him, and thereafter he was subject to bouts of depression. He never married, although he had two daughters by Sarah Danby, one born in 1801, the other in 1811. He died in the house of his mistress Sophia Caroline Booth in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea on 19 December 1851. He is said to have uttered the last words "The sun is God" before expiring. At his request he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds. His last exhibition at the Royal Academy was in 1850. The architect Philip Hardwick (1792–1870) who was a friend of Turner's and also the son of the artist's tutor, Thomas Hardwick, was one in charge of his funeral arrangements and wrote to those who knew Turner to tell them at the time of his death that "I must inform you, we have lost him". Style Burning of the Houses of Parliament Turner's talent was recognised early in his life


Who was the first elected female head of state in Africa?

Africa: Continent's Two Female Presidents Join Forces for Women - allAfrica.com Africa: Continent's Two Female Presidents Join Forces for Women A boy listens to his teacher during a lesson on the outskirts of Juba, South Sudan. By Travis Lupick* Monrovia — The only two female heads of state in Africa, Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Malawian President Joyce Banda, have just committed to using their positions to improve the lives of women across the continent. Both Sirleaf and Banda have long championed women's rights. And on Apr. 29 in Monrovia, two years into what the African Union (AU) has declared the "Women's Decade", they pledged to work together to accelerate those efforts. "Today is a day African women must rejoice," Banda said as Sirleaf stood by her side. "This is our day. And this is our year. And this is our decade!" And Sirleaf affirmed her - and Liberia's - commitment to empower women. "The two of us have great strength," Sirleaf said. "Together, we can do more to empower women and to ensure that women's role in society is enhanced." She added that her country would work with the new Malawian government to advance women's empowerment. To be sure, the challenges before them are great. Using the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as a barometer, Liberia and Malawi generally score low in the areas of gender equality and women's empowerment, education for girls, and maternal health. According to 2010 U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) reports on the two countries, Liberia is only likely to meet certain goals on equality and education, and Malawi remains unlikely to meet its targets for any of the three MDGs that focus on women. But as Banda noted during her speech, there has never been a better time to advance women's rights in Africa. Sirleaf, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, was elected as Africa's first female president in 2005 and reelected in 2011. While her first term in office focused on reconstructing a country devastated by two civil wars, one from 1989 to 1996 and the second from 1999 to 2003, she has set out to use her second term as president to make women's rights and health a national priority. Banda succeeded former President Bingu wa Mutharika after his sudden passing on Apr. 5. After she was elected vice president in 2009, she had a falling out with Mutharika, and was subsequently expelled from the ruling Democratic People's Party and essentially barred from participating in government. However, she remained vice president, and in 2011 she formed the opposition People's Party. Since Mutharika's death a number of MPs have left the former ruling party to join her. Both Sirleaf and Banda govern countries with significant development challenges. So devastating were Liberia's civil wars that nearly a decade since the end of the conflict, the country is still in a state of reconciliation and reconstruction. In Malawi, Mutharika's last years in office were characterised by an economy crumbling under government mismanagement, which was compounded by the withdrawal of donor aid because of human rights abuses. Yet despite the fact that Sirleaf has had to focus her efforts on reconstruction and Banda is barely one month into her time as president, there is concrete evidence indicating that both women have put the advancement of women at the top of their agendas. At her office in Monrovia, Liberian Minister of Gender and Development Julia Duncan-Cassell described advances in women's empowerment as observable through representation in government, as well as in ordinary women's participation in the democratic process in Liberia. "In 1997, market women didn't know much about elections," she told IPS. "In 2005, they tried, but they all voted with thumb prints. But in 2011, most of the market women were able to mark their names." On education, Duncan-Cassell pointed to figures indicating that the ratio of girls enrolled in school continued to climb towards parity with boys. The 2010 UNDP report on Liberia and the MDGs confirms this, noting that the ratio of girls to boys receiving a primar


"On the Isle of Man, the ""House of Keys"" is concerned with what?"

House of Keys to elect new Legislative Council members - BBC News BBC News House of Keys to elect new Legislative Council members 11 February 2015 Close share panel Image copyright Tynwald Image caption The Legislative Council is often referred to as the Manx equivalent of the House of Lords A special sitting of the House of Keys will be held next month to elect four people to the Isle of Man's Legislative Council, the government has announced. The Legislative Council is the upper branch of Tynwald, the island's parliament, and has 11 members. The four seats will become vacant on the 28 February when the terms of office of Dudley Butt, Phil Braidwood, Alex Downie and Alan Crowe expire. Elections to the Legislative Council will be held on 16 March at 10:00 BST. Members (MLCs), who must be at least 21 and resident in the Isle of Man, are elected by the island's Members of the House of Keys (MHKs) by secret ballot for a two-year term. Each candidate must have the support of at least 13 MHKs to be elected. The Legislative Council, which primarily acts as a revising chamber for bills, includes eight elected members, the President of Tynwald, the Bishop of Sodor and Man and the Attorney General. Members of the public can attend the sittings when voting takes place but cannot take part in the voting process.


In 1932 the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd unified with the regions of Al-Hasa and Qatif to form which country?

History of Islam/Modern period/Saudi Arabia - Wikibooks, open books for an open world History of Islam/Modern period/Saudi Arabia From Wikibooks, open books for an open world Saudi Arabia[ edit ] In 1902 at the age of only 22, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud conquered Riyadh, the Al-Saud dynasty's ancestral capital, from the rival Al-Rashid family. Continuing his conquests, Abdul Aziz subdued Al-Hasa, Al-Qatif, the rest of Nejd, and Hejaz between 1913 and 1926. On 8 January 1926 Abdul Aziz bin Saud became the King of Hejaz. On 29 January 1927 he took the title King of Nejd (his previous Nejdi title was Sultan). By the Treaty of Jedda, signed on 20 May 1927, the United Kingdom recognized the independence of Abdul Aziz's realm, then known as the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz. In 1932, the principal regions of Al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and Hejaz were unified to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Abdul Aziz's military and political successes were not mirrored economically until vast reserves of oil were discovered in March 1938. Development programmes, which were delayed due to the onset of the Second World War in 1939, began in earnest in 1946 and by 1949 production was in full swing. Oil has provided Saudi Arabia with economic prosperity and a great deal of leverage in the international community. Prior to his death in 1953 Abdul Aziz, aware of the difficulties facing other regional absolute rulers reliant on extended family networks, attempted to regulate the succession. Saud succeeded to the throne on his father's death in 1953. However, by the early 1960s the Kingdom was in jeopardy due to Saud's economic mismanagement and failure to deal effectively with a regional challenge from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. As a consequence Saud was deposed in favour of Faisal in 1964. Intra-family rivalry was one of the factors that led to the assassination of Faisal by his nephew, Prince Faisal bin Musa'id, in 1975. He was succeeded by King Khalid until 1982 and then by King Fahd. When Fahd died in 2005, his half-brother Abdullah ascended to the throne.


According to the Bible, the descendants of Noah tried to erect which construction against the will of God, who destroyed the plan by making the builders talk a variety of languages?

14. "The Spread of the Nations" (Genesis 10:1-11:26) | Bible.org From the series: The Book of Beginnings: Genesis PREVIOUS PAGE | NEXT PAGE 14. "The Spread of the Nations" (Genesis 10:1-11:26) An airline flight attendant shared the story of a passenger from Bombay, India, on the way to his first visit to the United States. 1 As the man was served, he nodded his head and replied, “From the heart of my bottom, I am thanking you.” The flight attendant learned that this was one of the only English expressions he knew, and was quite proud to say it with every gesture: “From the heart of my bottom, I am thanking you.” The attendant said, “Now, if I were to thank people from the heart of my bottom, I am sure they would be offended. I think what he was trying to say was, ‘from the bottom of my heart,’ but there was no way we could convey to this man that this sentence was wrong. Although we had a fun time trying, I am sure he spent his American tour thanking people from the heart of his bottom.” 2 I love this story…probably because I can relate. In my foreign travels, I’m sure I have said some strange things as well. In Genesis 10:1-11:26, God is going to explain how different languages and nations came into existence. In these 58 verses, we will see our tendency to sin and God’s propensity to provide for His people. Since we have a lot to cover we will be doing an overview of most of this section without focusing on the specific details. As you look at some of these verses, you will thank me for not getting bogged down in the mire of names and details. For example, in 10:17, the descendants of Canaan sound like an entomologist’s list of something for the pest controller—“the Hivite and the Arkite and the Sinite,” and the termite. 3 Seriously, since all Scripture is inspired by God (2 Tim 3:16), I believe that these verses will be of great help to us. [The first truth that we need to see in this passage is…] 1. God made the world one big family (10:1-32). For many, this chapter may seem like a bore that should be skipped. But this chapter provides us much important information: It provides us authoritative evidence that the post-flood world descended from one pair of human beings (i.e., Noah and his wife). It provides us with a historical accounting of the origins of the nations of the world and how they spread over the face of the earth. It provides us with an understanding of the relationship between the people of Israel and all other nations and peoples of the world. It provides us with the knowledge of who we are and where we came from. It provides us the primitive branches of the genealogical tree of mankind that will eventually culminate in the objective of every biblical genealogy—the person of Jesus Christ. This chapter is not technically a genealogy (so and so, begat so and so). 4 It has been called a table of nations because it traces the connected origins of various nations. 5 What is striking is that the nations of the world all came from the same place…from one of the three sons of Noah (10:1, 32). In other words, God made us one big family. Though we are of different languages, cultures, and geographical locations, we are still imprinted with the image of God and share in the dignity of human existence. An emphasis on our racial and cultural differences undermines this unity and runs counter to God’s will for us. He basks in our rich cultural diversity and variety, which He has created. We need to learn to do the same. 6 The descendants of Japheth (10:2-5). 7 This division of the chapter, centering on Japheth, is the shortest and highlights 14 of Japheth’s descendants. 8 The Japhethites split into two groups: one group settled in India and the other group in Europe. Together they form what is known as the “Indo-European” family of nations. They became the coastline peoples, the peoples of the Gentiles (10:5). It was primarily into this area of the world that the New Testament church spread, under the apostle Paul. Verse 5 also teaches that the occupation of the lands followed the confusion of tongues at Babel. The


Composer Arcangelo Corelli (1653 - 1713) is associated with which instrument?

Arcangelo Corelli: a concise biography BAROQUE COMPOSERS AND MUSICIANS Arcangelo Corelli The Italian composer and violinist Arcangelo Corelli exercised a wide influence on his contemporaries and on the succeeding generation of composers. Born in Fusignano, Italy, in 1653, a full generation before Bach or Handel, he studied in Bologna, a distinguished musical center, then established himself in Rome in the 1670s. By 1679 had entered the service of Queen Christina of Sweden, who had taken up residence in Rome in 1655, after her abdication the year before, and had established there an academy of literati that later became the Arcadian Academy. Thanks to his musical achievements and growing international reputation he found no trouble in obtaining the support of a succession of influential patrons. History has remembered him with such titles as "Founder of Modern Violin Technique," the "World's First Great Violinist," and the "Father of the Concerto Grosso." His contributions can be divided three ways, as violinist, composer, and teacher. It was his skill on the new instrument known as the violin and his extensive and very popular concert tours throughout Europe which did most to give that instrument its prominent place in music. It is probably correct to say that Corelli's popularity as a violinist was as great in his time as was Paganini's during the 19th century. Yet Corelli was not a virtuoso in the contemporary sense, for a beautiful singing tone alone distinguished great violinists in that day, and Corelli's tone quality was the most remarkable in all Europe according to reports. In addition, Corelli was the first person to organize the basic elements of violin technique. Corelli's popularity as a violinist was equaled by his acclaim as a composer. His music was performed and honored throughout all Europe; in fact, his was the most popular instrumental music. It is important to note in this regard that a visit of respect to the great Corelli was an important part of the Italian tour of the young Handel. Yet Corelli's compositional output was rather small. All of his creations are included in six opus numbers, most of them being devoted to serious and popular sonatas and trio sonatas. In the Sonatas Opus 5 is found the famous "La Folia" Variations for violin and accompaniment. One of Corelli's famous students, Geminiani, thought so much of the Opus 5 Sonatas that he arranged all the works in that group as Concerti Grossi. However, it is in his own Concerti Grossi Opus 6 that Corelli reached his creative peak and climaxed all his musical contributions. Although Corelli was not the inventor of the Concerto Grosso principle, it was he who proved the potentialities of the form, popularized it, and wrote the first great music for it. Through his efforts, it achieved the same pre-eminent place in the baroque period of musical history that the symphony did in the classical period. Without Corelli's successful models, it would have been impossible for Vivaldi, Handel, and Bach to have given us their Concerto Grosso masterpieces. The Concerto Grosso form is built on the principle of contrasting two differently sized instrumental groups. In Corelli's, the smaller group consists of two violins and a cello, and the larger of a string orchestra. Dynamic markings in all the music of this period were based on the terrace principle; crescendo and diminuendi are unknown, contrasts between forte and piano and between the large and small string groups constituting the dynamic variety of the scores. Of all his compositions it was upon his Opus 6 that Corelli labored most diligently and devotedly. Even though he wouldn't allow them to be published during his lifetime, they still became some of the most famous music of the time. The date of composition is not certain, for Corelli spent many years of his life writing and rewriting this music, beginning while still in his twenties. The Trio Sonata, an instrumental composition generally demanding the services of four players reading from three part-books, assumed enormous importance in baroque


"What church, known as ""the Irvingites"" mainly due to the preaching of Edward Irving, was founded in Scotland in 1832?"

Edward Irving-- Founder of Pagan forms now seen in Brownsville Founder of The first Brownsville was in Scotland in 1830   Edward Irving A. In the western world Pentecostalism generally traces its roots back to the teachings and experiences of Edward Irving, a Presbyterian Minister in Scotland in the early 1800's. After studying the Book of Acts he began to teach that what the early church experienced was to be normative for the church in his day. He was excommunicated from the Presbyterian Church over his heretical Christological doctrines.(1) B. On March 28th 1830, a Miss Mary Campbell began to speak in other tongues and claimed she was divinely healed. The following year on October 30th 1831 her sister, Mrs. Cardale also began to speak in tongues and to prophesy. C. Edward Irving formed his own church called the Catholic Apostolic Church and he soon ordained its first twelve apostles on November 7th, 1832. "He also expounded a detailed teaching on the gifts of the Holy Spirit and gave the whole of his theology an immediacy by his expectation of the immanent second coming of the Lord.(2) He died shortly thereafter, but the movement he started, which became known as "Irvingites." D. Edward Irving is to be considered among the first true Neo-Montanists due to his beliefs in: In the restoration of the charismatic gifts, including prophecy His unwillingness to submit to recognized Church authority regarding his beliefs His approval of women in ministry (coincidentally, women were the first to prophesy in his movement) His belief in the also immediate return of Christ, i.e. a strong eschatological emphasis. Irving was particularly interested in prophecy. He predicted there would be a widespread outpouring of the Holy Spirit and that the Jews would return to their own land. These have both happened in the first half of this century. Irving thought it would be much sooner. He believed the Millennium would commence in 1867. Obviously, he had a devil, for the Holy Ghost does not give false prophecy. Irving believed in divine healing and that sickness was caused by sin. Three of his four children died when very young, unattended by physicians. He died of consumption and is interred in the crypt of Glasgow Cathedral.   The Strange Experiences of Robert Baxter Information and all noted quotes are from Forerunner of the Charismatic Movement The Life of Edward Irving, Arnold Dallimore, published by Moody Press, 1983. Robert Baxter was a lawyer and a member of the Church of England that had been praying for a revival of God's work. Having heard of the manifestations that began in Scottland and moved to London he was anxious to join the experience. When his job next took him to London, August of 1831, he joined the early Sunday morning prayer meeting at Edward Irving's church since the tongues were limited to that service at the time.  At this very first meeting which he attended already "fully convinced that the power was of God," (p.147) he recieved "the gift of prophecy." Proverbs 22:3 A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself: but the simple pass on, and are punished. He returned to his home and supposedly experienced a deepening of his spiritual life which included periods of ecstasy. He began to read his Bible in a chaotic manner conforming individual verses to his preconceived ideas and finding intructions for his own life in some action in a Biblical narrative.  2 Peter 1:20 Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. He was not much given to tongues himself, but became obsessed with being "in the power" which he believed was the Holy Ghost. He likened the revelations he received to "lightning rooting itself in the earth." He considered these revelations as infallible, and had no power over them. He even went to the point of abandoning the Sunday School class that he was teaching and rushing home that he might receive his instructions for the next day. 1 Corinthians 14:32 And the spirits of the prophets are subject to the proph


During the American Civil War, what city was the capital of the Confederacy?

Capital Cities of the Confederacy Capital Cities of the Confederacy First Capital: Montgomery, Alabama The Capitol Building in Richmond, Virginia (Library of Congress) Founded in 1819, on the high bluffs above the Alabama River and 330 miles from the Gulf of Mexico, Montgomery, Alabama quickly became the heart of the state's plantation economy. By 1846 Montgomery was named Alabama's capital. In 1861, 9,000 people lived in the city, considered the richest for its size in the nation. Montgomery was a transportation center, with steamboats traveling to Mobile, stagecoaches traveling east, and a railroad running northeast and southwest. On January 11, 1861, the State of Alabama seceded from the Union. Less than one month later, in early February, the Alabama secession convention invited delegates of the other seceded states to meet in Montgomery to form the new Confederate nation. Delegates from six of the seven seceded states (the Texans arrived late) wrote a constitution for the Confederate States of America in only four days; the next day they elected Jefferson Davis the Confederacy's president. In late February, Davis took the oath of office while standing on the portico of the state capitol in Montgomery. Montgomery's three hotels and numerous boarding houses were crowded with government officials, politicians, soldiers, and newspapermen. It became more of a metropolis than a quiet village, with its streets crowded with carriages and horses, and people on the prowl for gossip, argument, and discussion. Everyone admired the town's beauty. But by May the summer's humid heat and the mosquitoes changed many people's minds about Montgomery. So when the newly seceded Virginians offered their own state and their own capital as the seat of the Confederacy, many were eager to accept the offer. Mary Boykin Chesnut noted in her diary that her husband, a former U.S. Senator, was against the move. However, she remarked, "I think these uncomfortable hotels will move the Congress. Our statesmen love their ease." Jefferson Davis was at first opposed, believing the capital should reside in the Deep South, where the feelings for secession were most fervent. However, the Confederate Congress approved the move and adjourned May 21, and scheduled to meet in Richmond two months later. As Dr. James McPherson writes in Battle Cry of Freedom, "Virginia brought crucial resources to the Confederacy. Her population was the South's largest. Her industrial capacity was nearly as great as that of the seven original Confederate states combined. The Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond was the only plant in the South capable of manufacturing heavy ordnance. Virginia's heritage from the generation of Washington, Jefferson, and Madison gave her immense prestige..." The Confederacy's Most Permanent Capital: Richmond, Virginia Davis left Montgomery May 26 at the climax of the fervor following the fall of Fort Sumter and Lincoln 's call for 75,000 troops. Arriving in Richmond, the capital of Virginia, on May 29, he was met by crowds at the railroad station and throngs along the streets to the Spotswood Hotel. Richmond was a much larger metropolis than Montgomery. The heart of the South's industry, Richmond was also a market town specializing in flour and slaves. It was a beautiful town located at the foot of the Great Falls of the James River and on seven hills. Its citizens compared it to Rome. Between 1861 and 1865, its population swelled to 100,000 and more. Much to its citizens' dismay, many of the new residents were rowdy, noisy, and troublesome. In addition, because the city was the Confederate capital, it became the focus of Union attention. The threat of capture by Federal forces was constant. Richmond at first thrived as the capital of the Confederacy. Then starved. Then burned when, at last, Robert E. Lee 's forces were forced to retreat, leaving the city defenseless. The Last Capital: Danville, Virginia Located in south central Virginia, not far from the North Carolina border, Danville was the western terminus of the Richmond and Danville Railroad and


Bona fide | Define Bona fide at Dictionary.com bona fide [boh-nuh fahyd, bon-uh; boh-nuh fahy-dee] /ˈboʊ nə ˌfaɪd, ˈbɒn ə; ˈboʊ nə ˈfaɪ di/ Spell made, done, presented, etc., in good faith; without deception or fraud: a bona fide statement of intent to sell. 2. a bona fide sample of Lincoln's handwriting. Origin of bona fide bona fide, bona fides (see usage note at bona fides ) Synonyms 1. honest, sincere; lawful, legal. 2. genuine. Antonyms Examples from the Web for bona fide Expand Carrie Bradshaw and Me Rebecca Dana August 4, 2009 In The Sessions, opening Friday, Hawkes has finally emerged as not only a bona fide leading man, but a charming, romantic lead. The Masked Bridal Mrs. Georgie Sheldon Therefore, even a bona fide purchaser from a bankrupt will get nothing. Commercial Law Samuel Williston, Richard D. Currier, and Richard W. Hill They had not a bona fide delegation from any Southern State. Expansion and Conflict William E. Dodd The purchase of the face powder might have been quite innocent and bona fide. British Dictionary definitions for bona fide Expand real or genuine: a bona fide manuscript 2. undertaken in good faith: a bona fide agreement noun (ˈbɔːnə fɑɪd) 3. (Irish, informal) a public house licensed to remain open after normal hours to serve bona fide travellers Word Origin Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for bona fide Expand 1540s, Latin, literally "in good faith," ablative of bona fides "good faith" (see faith ). Originally used as an adverb, later (18c.) also as an adjective. The opposite is mala fide. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


What is the largest and first discovered (by Piazzi at Palermo in 1801) of the minor planets?

Events - Discovery of First Asteroid, Ceres 1 January 1801 - 1 January 2001 About Giuseppe Piazzi Father Giuseppe Piazzi, the discoverer of Ceres On 1st January 1801, in Palermo, the Italian astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi (1746-1826) discovered Ceres,  the first and largest asteroid. The discovery of Ceres followed that of the planet Uranus, made in 1781 by the  British astronomer William Herschel (1783-1822). Piazzi's discovery confirmed the so-called "Titius-Bode's  law", which assumed the existence of a "fifth planet" between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter. Later  the German astronomer Johann Olbers discovered other "small planets", which the astronomical community  called "asteroids" or "minor bodies of Solar System". Currently, we know over a thousand of  these objects, an important subset of which, called NEA (Near Earth Asteroids), has become particularly important  as their orbits cross the orbit of our planet, thus creating the risk of an impact on the earth's surface.


English is a subsidiary official language of India: what is the main official language?

India Faces a Linguistic Truth: English Spoken Here - The New York Times The New York Times Asia Pacific |India Faces a Linguistic Truth: English Spoken Here Search Asia Pacific | Letter From India India Faces a Linguistic Truth: English Spoken Here By MANU JOSEPH Continue reading the main story NEW DELHI — In a recent Hindi film, the actress Katrina Kaif holds a thin white bed sheet against her bare body and sings, in English: “I know you want it, but you’re never gonna get it.” That what has become one of the country’s popular Hindi songs opens with an English sentence is unremarkable for Indians. So is the truth that Hindi films are now written in English — the instructions in the screenplays are in English, and even the Hindi dialogue is transcribed in the Latin alphabet. Mumbai’s film stars, like most educated Indians, find it easier to read Hindi if it is written this way. Almost all advertising billboards in India are in English. There is not a single well-paying job in the country that does not require a good understanding of the language. Higher education here is conducted entirely in English. When Hindustan Pencils makes cheap pencils, which its sells to rural children for a rupee apiece (about 2 cents), the company prints the brand name, “Jobber,” in English. “A villager has more respect for a brand that is written in English,” said Dhruman Sanghvi, a company director. English is the de facto national language of India. It is a bitter truth. Many Indians would say that India’s national language is Hindi. They would say it with pride if they are from the north and with a good-natured grouse if they are from the south. But this is a misconception. The fact is that, according to the Indian Constitution, the country does not have a national language. Continue reading the main story In the years that followed the nation’s independence from the British in 1947, there were efforts to hoist Hindi as the national language, but regional linguistic sentiments were high. In the southern state of Tamil Nadu, men immolated themselves to protest what they thought was the colonizing power of Hindi. As a compromise, Hindi was downgraded to one of the two official languages in which the government would conduct its business. Advertisement Continue reading the main story The other official language was English, which has long been considered a default language, a foreign language. But this is no longer true. Since independence, the influence and reach of English have grown immensely. It is impossible to arrive at a credible figure for the number of Indians who understand English (a lot), who can read it (many) or who can write it (very few). But what is indisputable is that in India today, English has the force and quality of a national language. Alarmed at the power of English, India’s cultural elite and politicians have tried, through public policy and sometimes violence, to promote Indian languages. In Mumbai, for instance, every shop is required to announce its name in Marathi even though most of the people in the city can read English but not Marathi. In the recent past, thugs have beaten up shopkeepers who did not comply with the requirement. Accepting that English is the national language would have benefits that far outweigh soothing the emotions of Indian nationalism. It is to emphasize this point that Chandra Bhan Prasad has built a temple to the Goddess English in an impoverished village in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh. People like Mr. Prasad, who want to liberate the poorest segment of the population, the Dalits, through the extraordinary power of English, view Indian culture and all related sentiments with suspicion. It was that same culture that had once deemed the Dalits “untouchable,” relegating them to the lowest of the low in the caste hierarchy. In Mr. Prasad’s temple, there is an idol in robes, wearing a wide-brimmed hat. Very soon, Mr. Prasad said, he would encourage young Dalit couples to include a ritual in their wedding ceremony in which they would sign the letters A, B, C and D on a piece of a pap


How many ways can a batsman be dismissed in cricket?

How many ways batsman can get out in cricket = 10. - Fast Cricket. How many ways batsman can get out in cricket = 10. Tag Cricket Rules & Laws Cricket is a batsman's game. or is it? a bowler can bowl the worst ball of his life, yet he gets another chance whereas one bad shot from a batsman might end the match for him. Often I wonder whether batsman (or bats they use) in world cricket have evolved lot more than the bowlers over the years. Even when there are 10 total ways in which a batsman can be dismissed in a cricket match, bowlers are failing to device methods to bring about a batsman's dismissal. Now that we've made a note of the fact, in following, I repeat & explain all the 10 modes of dismissals there are in a game of cricket. read carefully all you bowlers out there.. Caught Fielders can't get hold of (aka catch) the ball hit by batsman before it hits the ground. if it happens ~ batsman is out. The fielder can be anyone among the 11 players standing in playing area, including the wicket keeper. Bowled When the ball, as it comes out of bowlers hand - strikes the stumps. This can also happen after an edge off a batsman's bat. Leg before wicket (lbw) batsman are not allowed to block a delivery off their pad or other body parts.. if they do, with no use of bat and umpire feels the ball was going on to hit the stumps - that LBW - leg before wicket = out. full explanation of lbw rule . Run out Both batsman have to be at opposite ends, within the marked crease. While a ball is in play, and fielders break the stumps with no batsman in that crease - that's a run out! Consider both batsman run to the same crease as fielders break stumps at opposite end.. which batsman is out? answer is the batsman who second reached the crease. Stumped Batsman have to play the ball while keeping some part of his body inside the batting crease. not that he can't go out to hit a ball - if the wicket-keeper gathers the ball & breaks the stumps - that's dismissal 'stumped'. Handling the ball Batsman cannot touch a ball with this hand while it's in play. they can use their bat to deflect it, but not through hands.. otherwise they'll be out 'Handling the ball'. Timed out Once one batsman is dismissed, next batsman should come & take strike within 3 minutes. not a single batsman has been given out timed out in International cricket, ever! Double hit Once a batsman has played their shot - made some kind of contact with the ball - they can't hit it again! Hit Wicket Hit the ball, don't hit the wickets with your bat or any other body part! Obstructing the field Batsmen are not allowed to deliberately come in way of a fielder catching or fielding a ball. FastCricket welcomes your feedback :


Carlos Menem was the president of which country from 8 July 1989 to 10 December 1999?

President Carlos Sa�l Menem Akil - 1989-1999 Further Reading President Carlos Saï¿½l Menem Akil - 1989-1999 Prior to 1989, Argentine politics were characterized by populist leaders, sometimes democratically elected and sometimes not, who ruled with the overt support of the military. Coups and outright military rule were not uncommon. Economic polices were highly protectionist, with significant barriers and restrictions on foreign trade and investment. Markets were highly regulated and the state was heavily involved in many industries. Inflation was routinely high and growth stagnant. Constant friction with the military, failure to resolve endemic economic problems, and an inability to maintain public confidence undermined the Alfonsin Government's effectiveness, which left office six months early after Peronist candidate Carlos Saul Menem won the 1989 presidential elections. As President, Menem launched a major overhaul of Argentine domestic policy. Large-scale structural reforms dramatically reversed the role of the state in Argentine economic life. After their predecessors had hesitated for years, the governments of Carlos Saï¿½l Menem in Argentina (1989-99), Fernando Collor de Mello in Brazil (1990-92), Alberto Fujimori in Peru (1990-2000), and Carlos Andrï¿½s Pï¿½rez in Venezuela (1989-93) imposed drastic stabilization plans shortly after taking office. Unexpectedly, these painful policies aroused little protest and much support -- or at least acquiescence -- in Argentina, Brazil, and Peru, while triggering unprecedented riots in Venezuela. President Menem undertook a program of deregulation, liberalization and macroeconomic reform. The results were positive. After decades of economic decline and chronic bouts of inflation, Argentina under President Menem began an unprecedented, profound, and remarkably successful economic restructuring based on trade liberalization, privatization, public administrative reform, and macroeconomics stabilization. A decisive leader pressing a controversial agenda, Menem was not reluctant to use the presidency's extensive powers to issue decrees advancing modernization when the congress was unable to reach consensus on his proposed reforms. Those powers were curtailed somewhat when the constitution was reformed in 1994 as a result of the so-called Olivos Pact with the opposition Radical Party. The 1994 political compromise between the two major parties paved the way for voters to elect a constituent assembly to revise the constitution. The new constitution, approved in August 1994, provided for the direct popular election of the president and permits him to run for a second consecutive term. It also provided for the direct election of the mayor of the Federal Capital and senators. That arrangement opened the way for Menem to seek and win reelection with 50% of the vote in the three-way 1995 presidential race. In May 1995, following a first term marked by economic success and political stability, President Menem was reelected to a second four-year term with nearly 50 percent of the vote. The PJ also won an absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies and retained control of the Senate. The 1995 election saw the emergence of the moderate left FREPASO political alliance. This alternative to the traditional two main political parties in Argentina was particularly strong in Buenos Aires, but lacked the national infrastructure of the Peronist and Radical parties. Argentina held mid-term congressional elections in October 1997. The opposition UCR-FREPASO alliance made major gains in the number of seats it held and deprived the Peronists of an absolute majority. The elections were widely seen as setting the stage for the 1999 presidential race. The government's pro-market policies remained unchallenged, but continued high unemployment and growing public concern over corruption hurt the government's standing in public opinion polls. The resignation of Economy Minister Domingo Cavallo in July 1996 was initially greeted with skepticism from the markets. Cavallo was widely recognized as the man r


What was the name of the literary coterie that met regularly around 1750 that included Mrs Vesey, Mrs Ord, Mrs Elizabeth Montagu, Elizabeth Carter, Mrs Hester Chapone and Benjamin Stillingfleet?

Full text of "A lady of the last century, mrs Elizabeth Montagu: illustrated in her unpublished letters" See other formats Google   This is a digital copy of a book lhal w;ls preserved for general ions on library shelves before il was carefully scanned by Google as pari of a project  to make the world's books discoverable online.  Il has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one thai was never subject  to copy right or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books  are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often dillicull lo discover.  Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the  publisher lo a library and linally lo you.  Usage guidelines  Google is proud lo partner with libraries lo digili/e public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order lo keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial panics, including placing Icchnical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you:  + Make n on -commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request thai you use these files for personal, non -commercial purposes.  + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort lo Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.  + Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each lile is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.  + Keep it legal Whatever your use. remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other  countries. Whether a book is slill in copyright varies from country lo country, and we can'l offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.  About Google Book Search  Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through I lie lull lexl of 1 1 us book on I lie web al |_-.:. :.-.-:: / / books . qooqle . com/|   600022063J   II   800022063J   800022063J    A LADY LAST CENTUR Y  (MRS. ELIZABETH MONTAGU): ILLUSTRATED IN HER UNPUBLISHED LETTERS;  COLLECTED AND ARRANGED, WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, AND A CHAPTER  ON BLUE STOCKINGS.   DR. DORAN, F.S.A.,   LONDON: RIClIjtfUJ UKNTLEY AND Su.V, IPuilisljtrii in SBrtinar^ to Rn fflajwlp. . > '873.   \   f  I  /   LONDON :  PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STRUT AND CHARING CROSS.   TO   ANDREAS J. G. HOLTZ, Esq.   (twyford abbey),   THIS "BIT OF MOSAIC" IS DEDICATED, WITH SENTIMENTS   OF THE MOST SINCERE ESTEEM AND   CORDIAL REGARD.   PREFACE.   In the year 1 809, Mr. Matthew Montagu published the first two of four volumes of letters of his aunt, Elizabeth Montagu. He was not only her nephew, he was also her adopted son and her executor. On the 5th of December in that year, the cele- brated statesman William Windham was readi


"What weather condition can cause a ""whiteout""?"

Whiteout - AviationKnowledge AviationKnowledge Whiteout Whiteout Whiteout is a weather condition that causes disorientation and low visibility by snow, overcast cloud and fog. Basically, the whiteout in aviation occurs when the pilots cannot see the visible horizon because of the terrain covered with snow in the white sky. Also, blowing snow may lead to the whiteout due to reduced visibility. Types of Whiteout There are several types of whiteout: Blizzard: the snow blown by the wind may make it difficult for the pilots to see far distances. Snowfall: the amount of snow falling from the sky may reduce the visibility and confuse pilots to clarify the objects. Clear air: in the clear air when it is not snowing, the overcast cloud may make it difficult to identify the horizon. Visual illusion may happen when the background is covered with snow, so that the snow surface cannot be seen easily from flying altitudes. Prevention The incident/accident due to whiteout situation can be prevented by pilot awareness. Pilots experience and confidence in controlling aircraft under whiteout circumstances can be achieved by appropriate training and risk assessments. The pilots should determine the potential of whiteout whereas the crews should inform the pilots of any sudden changes in weather (clouds or snow). Solutions Instrument Landing System (ILS): an ILS is a ground-based instrument approach system that provides guidance to approaching and landing aircraft. A combination of radio signals and lighting system give safe landings in instrumental meteorological conditions (IMC) such as reduced visibility due to fog, rain or snow. Global Positioning System (GPS): a GPS system increases the safety and efficiency of flights. The modernised system also provides safe navigation services from departure, en-route, arrival as well as airport navigation. The improved GPS contains approaches to airports, increasing operational safety especially in poor visibility conditions. Accidents


Which brass musical instrument has a slide mechanism that enables the sounding length of the tube to be adjusted?

Trombone Trombone Introduction A tenor trombone The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family. Like all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player’s vibrating lips (embouchure) cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate. Nearly all trombones have a telescoping slide mechanism that varies the length of the instrument to change the pitch. Special variants like the valve trombone and superbone have three valves like those on the trumpet. The word trombone derives from Italian tromba (trumpet) and -one (a suffix meaning “large”), so the name means “large trumpet”. The trombone has a predominantly cylindrical bore like its valved counterpart the baritone and in contrast to its conical valved counterparts, the euphonium and the horn. The most frequently encountered trombones are the tenor trombone and bass trombone. The most common variant, the tenor, is pitched in B♭, an octave below the B♭ trumpet and an octave above the B♭ tuba. The once common E♭ alto trombone became less widely used as improvements in technique extended the upper range of the tenor, but it is now enjoying a resurgence due to its lighter sonority which is appreciated in many classical and early romantic works. Trombone music, along with music for euphonium and tuba, is typically written in concert pitch, although exceptions do occur, notably in almost all brass-band music where tenor trombone is presented as a B♭ transposing instrument, written in treble clef. A person who plays the trombone is called a trombonist or trombone player. Construction Basic trombone anatomy The trombone is a predominantly cylindrical tube bent into an elongated “S” shape. Rather than being completely cylindrical from end to end, the tube is a complex series of tapers with the smallest at the mouthpiece receiver and the largest just before the bell flare. The design of these tapers affects the intonation of the instrument. As with other brass instruments, sound is produced by blowing air through pursed lips producing a vibration that creates a standing wave in the instrument. The detachable cup-shaped mouthpiece is similar to that of the baritone horn and closely related to that of the trumpet. It has the venturi: a small constriction of the air column that adds resistance greatly affecting the tone of the instrument, and is inserted into the mouthpiece receiver in the slide section. The slide section consists of a leadpipe, the inner and outer slide tubes, and the bracing, or stays. Modern stays are soldered, while sackbuts (medieval precursors to trombones) were made with loose, unsoldered stays (this remained the pattern for German trombones until the mid-20th century). A disassembled trombone. From left to right: mouthpiece, outer slide, bell section, inner slide. The ‘slide’, the most distinctive feature of the trombone (cf. valve trombone), allows the player to extend the length of the air column, lowering the pitch. To prevent friction from slowing the action of the slide, additional sleeves were developed during the Renaissance, and these stockings were soldered onto the ends of the inner slide tubes. Nowadays, the stockings are incorporated into the manufacturing process of the inner slide tubes and represent a fractional widening of the tube to accommodate the necessary method of alleviating friction. This part of the slide must be lubricated frequently. Additional tubing connects the slide to the bell of the instrument through a neckpipe, and bell or back bow (U-bend). The joint connecting the slide and bell sections is furnished with a ferrule to secure the connection of the two parts of the instrument, though older models from the early 20th century and before were usually equipped with friction joints and no ancillary mechanism to tighten the joint. A tenor trombone mouthpiece The adjustment of intonation is most often accomplished with a tuning slide that is a short slide between the neckpipe and the bell incorporating the bell bow (U-bend); this device was designed by the French maker François Riedlocker during the early 19th centu


What is the Capital of Sri Lanka? - Capital-of.com Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com Capital of Sri Lanka The Capital City of Sri Lanka (officially named Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka) is the city of Colombo. The population of Colombo in the year 2005 was 19,668,000. Sri Lanka is a Sinhala and Tamil speaking island country in the Indian Sea and the Laccadive Sea. Additional Information


"After public outrage over a painting by Goya of a nude woman (""the first totally profane life-size female nude in Western art""), he refused to paint clothes on her, and created a new painting of the same woman in the same pose, clothed. The paintings are known as ""The Nude ... "" what and ""The Clothed ..."" what?"

Julian Bream plays Granados La Maja de Goya - YouTube Julian Bream plays Granados La Maja de Goya Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Feb 6, 2008 La Maja de Goya ("The Woman of Goya") evokes the sensual world of the artist as seen in an image of his lover. Two of Goya's best known paintings are The Nude Maja (La maja desnuda) and The Clothed Maja (La maja vestida). They depict the same woman in the same pose, naked and clothed, respectively. He painted La maja vestida after outrage in Spanish society over the previous Desnuda. Without a pretense to allegorical or mythological meaning, the painting was "the first totally profane life-size female nude in Western art".[6] He refused to paint clothes on her, and instead created a new painting. The identity of the Majas is uncertain. The most popularly cited subjects are the Duchess of Alba, with whom Goya is thought to have had an affair, and the mistress of Manuel de Godoy, who subsequently owned the paintings. Neither theory has been verified, and it remains as likely that the paintings represent an idealized composite.[7] In 1808 the paintings were seized by Ferdinand VI, and in 1813 the Inquisition confiscated both works as 'obscene'.(from Wikipedia) Category


The French Royal Family: A Genealogy Isabelle (1292-1357) ~1308 Edward II, king of England Second House of Anjou Charles (1226-85), comte d'Anjou et du Maine 1246: France on a bordure gules castles or (1247), France a label gules (1259), king of Naples and Jerusalem (1265) ~ Béatrice de Provence (1234-67) Louis (1248-48) Charles II (1254-1309), prince of Salerno: Anjou overall a bend (N), 1285 king of Naples and Jerusalem: perpale Anjou and Jerusalem ~1270 Maria (d.1323) dau.of King Stephen V of Hungary Charles I (1271-1295), king of Hungary: quarterly Anjou/France and Hungary (barry of eight gules and argent) (N) ~1281 Klementia of Habsburg (d.1301) Charles II (1288-1342), king of Hungary: per pale France and Hungary (N) ~1306 Maria (d. 1315) dau.of Duke Casimir II of Silesia-Beuthen ~1318 Beatrix de Luxembourg (1305-1319) dau.of Emperor Heinrich VII ~1320 Elisabeth (1305-1380) dau.of King Ladislas I of Poland .... (1319-1319) Jeanne (1556-56) Third House of Anjou Louis of France (1339-83), duc d'Anjou: France ancient a bordure gules, adopted 1380 by Queen Giovanna I of Naples, King of Naples, Sicily & Jerusalem 1382: per pale Jerusalem and per pale Naples (France a label gules) and Anjou (France a bordure gules) (N) ~1430 Marie, comtesse de Blois et de Guise (1343-1404) Louis II (1377-1417), duc d'Anjou, King of Naples ~1400 Yolanda of Aragon (1384-1443) Louis III (1403-34), duc d'Anjou, King of Naples (adopted by Queen Giovanna II of Naples 1423) ~1432 Marguerite de Savoie (1416-79) René (1409-80), adopted by Giovanna II 1434, king of Naples and Jerusalem 1435: quarterly Anjou (France a bordure gules) and Naples (tierced per pale Hungary, France a label gules and Jerusalem) (N), etc; duc de Lorraine 1431-53: quarterly Anjou and Bar overall Lorraine ~1420 Isabelle, duchesse de Lorraine (1400-53) Jean II (1425-70), duc de Lorraine 1453, titular King of Naples, also claimant to Aragon by his grandmother: quarterly of six in two rows Hungary, Naples, Jerusalem, Anjou, Bar, Lorraine, overall Aragon. (N) ~1444 Marie de Bourbon (�1448) dau.of Duc Charles I de Bourbon René (1446-?) Louise (1812-50), Mademoiselle de Chartres ~ Léopold I, king of the Belgians Marie (1813-39), Mademoiselle de Valois ~ Alexander, duke of Wurtemberg Françoise (1816-18), Mademoiselle de Montpensier Clémentine (1817-1907), Mademoiselle de Beaujolais ~ August, prince of Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha House of Orléans-Bragança This branch of the Orléans family became heir to the claims on the throne of Brazil. They are not French citizens and have no claims to the throne of France (see the relevant documents ). Gaston (1842-1922), comte d'Eu ~ Isabella de Bragança (1846-1921) Pedro de Alcantara d'Orléans-Bragança (1875-1940), prince of Grão Para, renounced his rights 1908 ~ Élisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz (1875-1951) Pedro Gastão (b. 1913) Luis Fernando (1888-1945) ~ Marie Say Louis (1867-74) Isabella (1848-94), infanta of Spain ~ Philippe d'Orléans, comte de Paris Amelia (1851-70) Maria de la Mercedes (1860-78) ~ Alfonso XII, king of Spain House of Bourbon-Condé and Bourbon-Conti The title of the head of the house of Condé was "prince de Condé", from the seigneurie of Condé. After the accession of Henri IV, the prince de Condé was "Premier Prince du Sang", and remained so until the death of Henri III Jules in 1709. The usual manner of referring to him was "Monsieur le Prince" under Louis XIV. After 1709, the duc d'Orléans took the title of Premier Prince du Sang, and the prince de Condé, to whom the title of duc de Bourbon had been given in 1661 by Louis XIV, took it as main title, and was called "Monsieur le Duc". The last two of the line were known as princes de Condé again. The eldest son of the prince de Condé took the title of duc d'Enghien. The eldest son of the prince de Conti took the title of comte de La Marche. The son of the last Condé, the duc d'Enghien, was kidnapped at night in German territory by a French platoon, summarily judged in Paris and executed the same night at Vincennes, all on orders of Napoléon Bonaparte. Henri (1552-88), pri


"What is the French equivalent of the word ""mister""?"

Monsieur | Define Monsieur at Dictionary.com monsieur [muh s-yur; French muh-syœ] /məsˈyɜr; French məˈsyœ/ Spell [meys-yurz, mes-erz; French me-syœ] /meɪsˈyɜrz, ˈmɛs ərz; French mɛˈsyœ/ (Show IPA) 1. the conventional French title of respect and term of address for a man, corresponding to Mr. or sir. Origin of monsieur 1490-1500; < French: literally, my lord (orig. applied only to men of high station); see sire Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for monsieur Expand Contemporary Examples Eight years later, Valjean has assumed a new identity as monsieur Madeleine, a wealthy and benevolent factory owner. En Route J.-K. (Joris-Karl) Huysmans “It was too touching, too mournful to be endured,” resumed monsieur Pascal. En Route J.-K. (Joris-Karl) Huysmans "Excuse me, monsieur," he said to the commissary in a low tone. British Dictionary definitions for monsieur Expand noun (pl) messieurs (French) (mesjø; English) (ˈmɛsəz) 1. a French title of address equivalent to sir when used alone or Mr when placed before a name Word Origin Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for monsieur Expand n. 1510s, from French monsieur, from mon sieur "my lord," from sieur "lord," shortened form of seigneur (see monseigneur ) It was the historical title for the second son or next younger brother of the king of France. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Whose 4 sons were an astronomer, a botanist, an army engineer who went on scientific explorations, and the head of a scientific instrument manufacturing company?

Photo identifications L-R: Dianthus thunbergii, Cuspidia cernua, Pentanisia prunelloides, Haemanthus montanus, Dimorphotheca jucunda, Cyphia tysonii, Berkheya setifera. The Eponym Dictionary of Southern African Plants Plant Names C-F Note:  Names for which I have no derivations or about which I have further questions are being put on a separate page here and will be investigated further at a later date.    I have included names which are no longer current because the individuals which these names commemorate nevertheless contributed to Southern African flora and deserve to be recognized and remembered. Also included here are the generic names of invasive species. Many of my entries have been added to and fleshed out by additional information from Hugh Clarke from the work which we hope at some point to have published, and I thank him greatly for the work he has done. Caesalpinia: for Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603), noted Italian        botanist and plant collector, naturalist,        philosopher and physician to Pope Clement VIII, professor of medicine        and botany at Oisa and Rome, Praefectus of the first Botanical Garden       of Pisa and founder of the second. He studied medicine and botany at the University of Pisa. He wrote on many subjects including the philosophical work Quaestionum peripateticarum libri V (1569), a medical work entitled Quaestionum medicarum libri duo (1593), the mineralogical work De metallicis libri tres (1596), and the celebrated botanical work De plantis libri XVI (1583) containing the first scientific classification of flowering plants based on morphology and physiology. He was one of the first botanists to create a herbarium, that which he produced for Bishop Alfonso Tornabono contained over 1500 plants. The genus Caesalpinia in the Fabaceae was published by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1753. (CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names) Caesia: for Federico Cesi (Fridericus Caesius) (1585-1630), Italian  botanist, microscopist  and supporter of Galileo, discovered that ferns have spores. The genus Caesia in the Anthericaceae was published in 1810 by British botanist Robert Brown. (CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names) Cailliea: for Rene Caillie, French explorer (1799-1838), botanist, plant collector, the first European to return alive from the town of Timbuktu, author of Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo; and across the Great Desert, to Morocco (1824-1828). The genus Cailliea in the Fabaceae was published in 1833 by French botanists Jean Baptiste Antoine Guillemin and George Samuel Perrottet. (CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names; Wikipedia; David Hollombe, pers. comm.) Calandrinia: for Jean Louis Calandrini (1703-1758), Swiss  botanist, traveller and professor  of mathematics and philosophy at Geneva, wrote on such subjects as the aurora borealis, comets, the effects of lightning, and flat and spherical trigonometry. This genus Calandrinia in the Portulacaceae was published in 1823 by German botanist Karl Sigismund Kunth. (CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names; Wikipedia) Caldesia: for Ludovico Caldesi (1822-1884), Italian  botanist, politician, mycologist, naturalist,  and member of Parliament. He was a student of the Italian botanists Filippo Parlatore and Giuseppe De Notaris, and was the author of Florae Faventinae Tentamen. The genus Caldesia in the Alismataceae was published in 1860 by Italian botanist Filippo Parlatore. (CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names) Calomeria: named for the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte at the request of his first wife Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de  La Pagerie (1763-1814), whom he called  Joséphine de Beauharnais. Although Napoleon divorced her because she could not  bear him a child, he seemingly loved her and mentioned her name on his deathbed even after he had been married to Maria Louisa of Austria.  Étienne Pierre Ventenat (1757 – 1808), the  author of Calomeria, was a French botanist. In 1803, he published Le Jardin  de la Malmaison, being written at the request of Joséphine de Beauharna


What is the name of the hall in which meetings of the Salvation Army are held?

Salvation Army meeting place - Commerce Street, Longton in the 1950's Salvation Army meeting  place - Commerce Street, Longton in the 1950's photo: Harold Gallimore Gypsy Smith A revival broke out in the     Potteries, being centred in Hanley around a remarkable man, Gypsy Rodney     Smith. He was a young Salvation Army evangelist aged 21, married, with a     baby son. Smith had already experienced considerable success in places     like Hull, and now arrived in Hanley on the last day of 1881, having     asked General William Booth to send him, "...to the nearest place to the     bottomless pit." Gypsy Smith began his work     with an open-air meeting in the market square in Hanley on New Year's     Day, 1882. Initially progress was slow, but within six months the Gypsy     had gained a considerable following in the area. Meetings were held at     what was then called "Batty Circus," a large, wooden barn occupying the     site of the present Webberley's Book Shop. Nine services took place     between Saturday and Sunday evenings, and crowds of up to 8,000 people     assembled to hear the gypsy preach. After some problems, Gypsy     Smith was dismissed from the Salvation Army but remained in Hanley for     several years with great success. It was here that he was moulded into     an evangelist who was to bring revival all over the world. The Gypsy     remembered Hanley with great affection, naming his second son after the     town. He often said, "To the end of my life, the name of that town will     always arouse joy in my heart and an amazing revelation of what God hath     wrought." It should not be thought,     however, that the revival he enjoyed did not spread to others in the     area. The inter-denominational "Hanley Testimonial Committee" were able     to write in 1888, "The work has spread, the churches have been     quickened, and at the present time in most of the towns and villages in     the district successful mission work is carried on."   The Salvation Army       in Stoke-on-Trent LONGTON. A Salvation Army       barracks in Stafford Street was registered for worship in October       1884. It was probably superseded in December of the same year by a       barracks in Stone (now Lightwood) Road, which was closed in 1910  on the opening of the Salvation Army Hall in Commerce Street. FENTON. The Primitive Methodist       Chapel in Canning Street was registered for worship by the Salvation       Army in 1885,  but was superseded in 1912 by the Salvation Army       Citadel in Fountain Street. former Salvation       Army Citadel, Fountain Street, Fenton   STOKE. A Salvation Army       barracks in Wharf Street was registered for worship in 1895.  In 1916 it was superseded by a Salvation Army hall at 30 Cross       Street, Stoke. In the same year the group moved back to a building       in Wharf Street  and in 1932 to the present hall in Fletcher       Road, Stoke. The Divisional Headquarters of the Army for North       Staffordshire is in Church Street, Stoke. STOKE, BOOTHEN. A mission room       was registered for worship by the Salvation Mission in 1892. The       registration was cancelled in 1922. HANLEY, GLASS STREET. Batty's       Circus in Tontine Street was registered for worship by the Salvation       Army in 1881. It was probably superseded in 1882 by the Imperial       Circus, Glass Street, which in turn gave way in 1903 to the present       Salvation Army Citadel in Glass Street. former Salvation       Army Citadel, Glass Street, Hanley   HANLEY, NEW HALL STREET. A       Salvation Army barracks in New Hall Street was registered for       worship in 1889. It had ceased to be used by 1903. HANLEY, JOINER'S SQUARE. A       Salvation Army hall in Palmerston Street was registered for worship       in 1932. It was sti


How many countries have ever entered teams in the Olympic Rugby Union competitions?

Rankings Explanation Rankings Explanation Rankings Explanation 14/11/2014 15:09 Both Men's and Women's World Rugby Rankings are calculated using a 'Points Exchange' system, in which sides take points off each other based on the match result. Whatever one side gains, the other loses. The exchanges are based on the match result, the relative strength of each team, and the margin of victory, and there is an allowance for home advantage. Points exchanges are doubled during the World Cup Finals to recognise the unique importance of this event, but all other full international matches are treated the same, to be as fair as possible to countries playing a different mix of friendly and competitive matches across the world. Any match that is not a full international between two member countries does not count at all. All member countries have a rating, typically between 0 and 100. The top side in the world will normally have a rating above 90. An example of how a points exchange is calculated is shown further down this page. Women's ranking points at first match The women’s rankings differ from the men’s in the way that the starting ranking points are calculated: The first official women’s full international match was played in 1987 and since then the number of women’s matches is considerably fewer than the number of men’s matches. There are a number of women’s teams who do not play regular matches. As a result of the relatively small number of matches compared to the men’s and the discrepancies in the number of matches played by different Unions the effect that one result will have on the rankings could unfairly skew the result. To combat this effect, it has been decided to start all teams out on 80 ranking points (an arbitrarily chosen figure which does not have any bearing on the subsequent results of the rankings) in 1987, then for each year between 1987 and the year that an individual Union played their first women’s full international match 2 points are deducted from their total. This deduction occurs up until 2007, so if a team plays their first ever full international after 2007 then they will begin with 40 ranking points. Frequently Asked Questions Q. Can you tell in advance of matches what effect results will have on the rankings? Yes we can, and this means that those involved with matches can know what is at stake, going into the match. For each match, there are only five possible outcomes that can affect points exchanges: either side winning by more than 15 points, either side winning by up to 15 points, or a draw. In each case, we can advise how many rating points each side will gain or lose. This type of preview information may be posted on the site. Q. Does the system produce accurate and reliable rankings? Several years' research went into developing the system, using an extensive database of international matches going back to 1871. All the weightings and values in the system were derived from detailed analysis of the results. The system's reliability is assessed in a number of objective ways, including measuring its 'Predictive Accuracy'. If, over a period of time, the system tends to be good at predicting which side will win each match, then we can be confident that it is presenting an accurate and reliable picture of current strength, and responding appropriately to changes in form. Q. How do you allow for home advantage? When calculating points exchanges, the home side is treated as though they are three rating points better than their current rating. This has the effect of 'handicapping' the home side as they will tend to pick up fewer points for winning and give away more points for losing. In this way, the advantage of playing at home is cancelled out. Q. How important is 'margin of victory' under the system? The research suggested that match results are more important than margins of victory in producing accurate rankings. For instance, whether a side wins by 60 points or 100 points against much lower-rated opposition is not a good indicator of future performance. However, the analysis also indicated that


In which country is the region of Aragon?

Tourist guide to Aragon, Spain - info and facts for Aragon region Highlights of Aragón Aragon Close your eyes and imagine a forgotten land, one that could only be found in a novel picked up at the airport – reading material for your two-week beach holiday. The autonomous community of Aragon is about as far off the beaten track as you can hope to find in Spain, hardly touched at all by tourism. The region comprises of three provinces: Huesca – its capital, Zaragoza and Tereul. The north province of Huesca borders the frontiers of France and is located in the mountainous range of the Pyrenees; within Spain the community borders Catalonia to the east, Valencia to the south and Castillo and Leon, La Rioja and Navarro to the west. The Aragonese population is just over 1 .25 million, with 50% of these living in the capital city of Zaragoza. History If you ask most foreigners what they know about Aragon, they will probably say it was where Catherine of Aragon came from; the ill-fated child bride who married the brother of King Henry VIII and was later wed to King Henry himself. However, there is much more to Aragon; the region dates back to pre-Roman times and came under the Al Andalus rule of the Moors for four centuries. The region’s 33 comarcas or counties all have a rich architectural history dating back to pre-roman times. Medieval towns and villages dot the landscape and give you the sensation that you have just stepped into a fairytale. One such place is Albarracin, situated in the province of Tereul, in the Sierra de Albarracin National Park. This wonderfully picturesque town has been awarded as a national monument for its historical preservation and has also been named as the most beautiful village in Spain. Natural Aragon A rich and long history, architectural splendour and a deep rooted culture make Aragon an interesting and unique tourist experience; but what really makes the region so alluring, is its natural and diverse beauty. The land is barely touched, brimming with contrasting natural beauty: lush valleys blanketed in flowers, waterfalls and a back drop of snow-capped mountains. Open your eyes and read on, this ‘forgotten or magical land’ does exist, it’s called Aragon and is located in the North East of Spain. Without any coastline to boast of Aragon has stayed virtually tourist free, it’s an idyllically natural area, perfect for those who want to completely get away from the crowds and discover the stunning diversity of the Aragonese landscapes and the wildlife that dwells there. Aragon’s terrain is diverse with its permanent glaciers, the Aragonese Pyrenees mountain range, home to the dazzling beauty of the Ordesa National Park, Spain’s oldest nature reserve, ski resorts, medieval towns, lush valleys and rich pastures, right through to the contrast of the arid steppe plains of the central lowlands. Zaragoza Aragon’s capital Zaragoza, or Saragossa in English, is Spain’s fifth largest city, situated on the river Ebro, Spain’s most voluminous river. The city’s history spans back over 2,000 years and many architectural remains have been painstakingly preserved and can be enjoyed by visitors to the city. The city’s Forum, Thermal Baths, the River Port and Great Theatre, all represent the influence of the Roman Empire when it took over the city. There is also a large Arabic influence from its occupation a few centuries after the Romans. Most evident and a stunning example of Muslim art is the Aljaferia Palace, built in the 11th century for the Banu Hud dynasty and later home to Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand. It is now home to the Cortes – Aragon’s regional parliament. Tereul The city of Tereul also boasts some marvellous Moorish architecture, and is home to Spain’s finest examples of Mudejar architecture. Mudejar is the name given to a style of Iberian architecture, strongly influenced by the Moors, at a time when Moors, Christians and Jews lived together in peace in the city. The city’s Mudejar examples are protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Huesca The third city of the Aragonese region is Huesca, wh