Of which Middle Eastern country is Manama the capital?

Manama | national capital, Bahrain | Britannica.com national capital, Bahrain Al-Muḥarraq Manama, Arabic Al-Manāmah, capital and largest city of the state and emirate of Bahrain . It lies at the northeast tip of Bahrain island, in the Persian Gulf . About one-fifth of the emirate’s population lives in the city. First mentioned in Islamic chronicles about ad 1345, it was taken by the Portuguese (1521) and by the Persians (1602). It has been held, with brief interruptions, by the ruling Āl Khalīfah dynasty since 1783. Because Bahrain concluded a series of treaties (1861–1914) placing the country under increasing British protection, there was a British political agent stationed at Manama from 1900, subject to the political resident for the Persian Gulf, whose headquarters were long at Bushire , Iran . In 1946 the residency was moved to Manama, where it remained until the city became the capital of independent Bahrain in 1971. Bahrain Monetary Agency, Manama, Bahrain Aspect Picture Library/Peter Carmichael Long an important commercial centre of the northern Persian Gulf, the traditional economy was based on pearling, fishing, boatbuilding, and import trade. Harbour facilities were poor; ocean vessels had to anchor in the open roadstead 2–4 miles (3–6 km) offshore. The discovery of petroleum on Bahrain (1932) revolutionized the city’s economy and appearance, with the construction of many modern buildings. Manama developed as a trade, financial, and commercial centre; it is the seat of numerous banks. The headquarters of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), however, are at ʿAwālī , in the centre of Bahrain island. Manama was declared a free port in 1958, and the new deepwater port facilities of Mīnāʾ Salmān, in the protected bay of al-Qulayʿah Inlet, southeast of the built-up area of the city, were opened in 1962. With storage and refrigeration facilities, and equipment for docking and repair of large oceangoing vessels, it is now one of the most important ports of the Persian Gulf. The island and town of Al-Muḥarraq , Bahrain’s second largest community , lies just northeast; the two cities are linked by a causeway 1.5 miles (2.5 km) long. Pop. (2001) 143,035. Learn More in these related articles:


Whose voice was used for the character 'Lord Farquaad' in the film 'Shrek'?

Shrek (film) | WikiShrek | Fandom powered by Wikia Shrek is the first feature film in the Shrek franchise , starring Mike Myers , Eddie Murphy , Cameron Diaz , and John Lithgow . The film was critically acclaimed as an animated film worthy of adult interest, with many adult-oriented jokes and themes, but a simple enough plot and humor to appeal to children. It made notable use of pop music—the soundtrack includes music by Smash Mouth, Eels, Joan Jett, the Proclaimers, Jason Wade, the Baha Men, and Rufus Wainwright. The film was extremely successful on release in 2001 and it helped establish DreamWorks as a prime competitor to Disney and Pixar in the field of feature film animation, particularly in computer animation. Furthermore, Shrek was made the mascot for the company's animation productions. Contents [ show ] Plot summary The movie starts at Shrek 's swamp. Shrek takes a mud shower and then travels into the woods to hang up signs to keep people away from his swamp. Shrek decides to travel the country to see Lord Farquaad to try to regain his privacy, but an energetic and talkative donkey named Donkey (who escaped from guards who went after him, and was saved by Shrek) tags along. The two make it to Farquaad ( John Lithgow )'s palace in Duloc and come across a knight tournament to decide who will rescue Princess Fiona from a castle surrounded by lava and protected by a fire-breathing dragon so that Farquaad may marry her. Shrek and Donkey easily best the other knights, and Farquaad agrees to nullify his order if Shrek goes on to rescue Fiona ( Cameron Diaz ), a deal that Shrek agrees to. Shrek and Donkey travel to the castle and split up to find Fiona. Donkey manages to encounter the dragon ( Frank Welker ; uncredited), sweet-talking the beast to save himself when he finds out the dragon is a girl dragon, and she takes a liking to Donkey, taking him back to her chambers. When Shrek finds Fiona, she is appalled at his lack of romanticism. As they're leaving, Shrek manages to save Donkey, caught in the dragon's tender love, and making the dragon become irate, chasing Shrek, Fiona, and Donkey out of the castle, but unable to follow. At first, Fiona is thrilled to be rescued, but quickly becomes disgusted to find out that Shrek is an ogre. The three make their return journey to Farquaad's palace, with Shrek and Fiona finding they have more in common with each other along the way, and falling in love. However, at night, Fiona doesn't want to camp with Shrek and Donkey, taking shelter in a nearby cave until morning. The next night, Fiona takes shelter in a nearby windmill. When Donkey hears strange noises coming from the windmill, he finds that Fiona has turned into an ogress. Fiona explains that she was cursed as a kid and turns into an ogress every night, which is why she was locked away in the castle, and that only a kiss from her true love will return her to her proper form. Shrek overhears them talking, and, thinking that they're talking about him being ugly, walks off sad, believing that she can't accept his appearance. Fiona promises Donkey to not tell Shrek, vowing to do it herself, but when the next morning comes, Lord Farquaad has arrived, led by Shrek, and he returns with her to the castle, while Shrek returns to the now-vacated swamp . Shrek soon realizes that despite his privacy, he's miserable and misses Fiona. Donkey shows up to tell him that Fiona will be getting married shortly, urging Shrek into action to gain Fiona's true love. The duo travel to the fortress quickly, thanks to Dragon, who escaped her confines and followed Donkey. They interrupt the wedding before Farquaad can kiss Fiona, but not before the sun sets, making Fiona turn into an ogress in front of everyone. Angry over the change, Lord Farquaad orders his knights to kill Shrek and Fiona, but Shrek calls Dragon and she gobbles up Farquaad whole, making the knights run away in terror. Shrek and Fiona admit their love for each other and share a kiss; Fiona is bathed in light as her curse is broken, but leaving her as an ogress, a form that she wa


Which confederation of North European cities dominated the Baltic and North Sea trade in the late Middle Ages?

Paul Budde History » Trade in the Middle Ages > Trade in the Middle Ages Trade in the Middle Ages Early commerce developments Trading in one way or another has always been an integral part of human society, as for example can be seen in the contents of the many pre-historicÂ burialÂ sites. The contents of theÂ  Celtic Â grave of the âking of Ossâ indicated a flourishing salt trade between people in our region and the people in what is now southern Germany. The Â Roman roads , built for military purpose, were as soon as they were established also used for commercial activities and this infrastructure remained an important transport network for later merchants to well into modern times. Trade of course had been flourishing around the Mediterranean for some eight millennia, which of course had become an integral part of the way of life in this region. The lack of raw materials in this region had seen the Italians looking north for wool, salt and timber that some of that was again exported to the Middle East and North Africa. When all of this happened around the Mediterranean, northern Europe was still a non existing economic backwater. After the capital of the Roman Empire was moved from Rome to Constantinople (325) the centre of European trade moved further to the east. With the further decline of the Roman Empire in the west also theÂ limitedÂ trade that had created increased wealth in north-western Europe collapsed. The cattle trade in Oss came to an end – partly also because of climatic changes that saw large parts of the Low Countries flooded in the middle of the 3rd century. One of the first political activities to again stimulateÂ trade in north-western Europe can beÂ contributedÂ to theÂ  Merovingian Â King Dagobert, he established, around 650, Â the Â fair at St Denis near Paris; this was still flourishing some 400 year later, by that time it had become an important link in âChampagneâ one of four trading circles that by that had developed in north-western Europe. These early trading activities were still based on the trade routes that were in place in Roman times. Roman roads but in particular the river systems as they were used than was again the main trading channel. They were used from theÂ northÂ were the wool from England entered the continent in Flanders and in the south were Â goods from theÂ MediterraneanÂ moved northwards. In theÂ CarolingianÂ period Frisia hosted theÂ largestÂ trading town of north-westernÂ Europe, Dorestad – centrally situated in the meanderingÂ river-landsÂ dominatedÂ by the Rhine and Maas. Its leading position was taken over by Tiel, Deventer in the 10th century and in the 11th century alsoÂ Utrecht emerged, who at that time was the largest trading centre of the northern Â Low Countries   Dorestad largest trading city in north-western Europe By the 7th century population started to occur again after the climate changes during the Roman period. River ports, sea ports and junctions of roads all became key trading places that started to shape the commercial activities in our region.Â On these rivers theÂ  Frisii Â had already been active as traders since the 6th and early 7thÂ century and Dorestad became the mostÂ importantÂ trading city of north-western Europe.Â The Frisian seaport of Staveren (Stavoren) was already more than aÂ millenniumÂ old when it became another prominent trading place in the Low Countries during 9th and 10th centuries. Dorestad wasÂ ideallyÂ positioned betweenÂ the Franks in the south and the Frisii in the north. At a very strategic spot at the crossing of the rivers Rijn and Lek, a position already recognised by the Romans who had built a fort – Levafanum – at this spot. The river structure had created a sandy beach which allowed for the position of river port and a trading settlement. Similar river shore settlements emerged further up the river system such as Mainz, Worms, Cologne andÂ Strasbourg, most of them in the shadow of the remnant of old Roman fortresses. (An old name is also Dorestade, stade = ascending river shore). While the Frisians were the


In which town or city was Frederick Delius born?

Frederick Albert-Theodor Delius (1862 - 1934) - Genealogy Frederick Albert-Theodor Delius Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos Jan 29 1862 - Bradford, England Death: June 10 1934 - Grez-sur-Loing, Frankreich Parents: Julius Friedrich-wilhelm Delius, Elisa Paulina Delius (geb. Krönig) Sister: Australian Newspapers Text: "...of Music PARIS, June 10. Frederick Delius, C.H., the noted com- poser, died nt his home at Grez-sur-loing I to-daj', agid 71 years. H... Publication: June 12 1934 - Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ...RIGINAL riKM IsTAMISHED 10tl IT HILL Ml ,OU TO GET OUR 11 QUOTF I. n, tuard again I imposition Blrtn Marriage Death and In Mcmorlum Notic... Publication: June 16 1934 - Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: "...A Musical Rebti Frederick Delius, whose death at trie age of 72 was announced last week, was a musical rebel, caring little for the w... Publication: June 20 1934 - Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: "..., that it had to be given a second time In memoiy of Frederick Delius, whose death occuned a few davs ago Sir Hamilton Harty conducte... Publication: June 14 1934 - Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... Children" and "Pomp and Circumstance," No. 1, in D. . . . . Frederick Delius. The death ... of Frederick Delius robs England... Publication: June 13 1934 - Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: "...During the week, Frederick Delius died in Paris; he is the second"of Englold's great composers to die this year, andIls leaves a ... Publication: June 16 1934 - Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... Hamilton Harty and i Hungarian Rhapsodv by Liszt As a tribute to Frederick Delius the Enrllsh composer whose death has Just occurred at ... Publication: June 13 1934 - Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... English Composer BEGAN CAREER AS PLANTER PARIS. June 10. Mr. Frederick Delius, C.H., the blind ... on stringent measures, but these have... Publication: June 11 1934 - Perth, Western Australia, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... patience ot passion, And the signet of love for a seal. SWINBURNE. Frederick Delius is no more. Since the death of Sir Edward Elgar last... Publication: June 16 1934 - Perth, Western Australia, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: "...in an English Churchyard. PARIS, June 11— Frederick Delius, the famous composer, died yesterday, aged 72 years, at his home at Grez-S... Publication: June 12 1934 - Perth, Western Australia, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... fined £ 10, with £1/6/6 costs. . * • • The famous composer, Frederick Delius ... system, and leading them to believe that he can only be... Publication: June 15 1934 - Perth, Western Australia, Australia Page: From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Delius Frederick Delius was born in Bradford in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the north of England. His parents were German: Julius and Elise Pauline Delius had moved from Bielefeld, Germany to Britain to set themselves up in the wool business. Frederick ('Fritz' to his family, 'Fred' to his friends) Delius was the fourth of their fourteen children. He was educated at Bradford Grammar School (where the singer John Coates was his contemporary). Delius felt little attraction to the country of his birth and spent most of his life abroad, in the United States and on the continent of Europe, chiefly in France. Nonetheless his music has been described by Felix Aprahamian as 'extremely redolent of the soil of this country [Britain] and characteristic of the finer elements of the national spirit'.[1] Although Frederick showed early musical promise, his father was very much set against a musical career and wanted him to work in the family business. In America Julius Delius eventually sent Frederick (apparently at Frederick's request) to be the manager of a g


In World War II, haw was the Japanese aircraft, the Mitsubishi A6M known to the Allies?

Zero | Aircraft | Aircraft Links Zero - $5.95 The pre-series A6M2 Zero became known in 1940-41, when the fighter destroyed 266 confirmed aircraft in China. At the time of Pearl Harbor, there were 420 Zeros active in the Pacific. The carrier-borne Model 21 was the type encountered by the Americans, often much further from its carriers than expected, with a mission range of over 1600 statute miles. Mitsubishi A6M Zero WWII Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Reisen Zero This little Japanese Fighter was a real threat to Allied forces in the Pacific. With a little care you can glue clear plastic to the back of the canopy piece for a real neat effect. The markings of the model chosen are those of the first wave of Pearl Harbor attackers and certainly rounds out our WWII series of Top Ten Fighters. A6M2 of fighter complement of carrier Hiryu (signified by tail coding "BII") during attack on Pearl Harbor, December 1941. Cobalt blue tail band indicated flight leader and twin fuselage bands signified second carrier in 2nd Carrier Division (1 st Air Fleet). The A6M Reisen (Zero Fighter) was unique among WWII combat aircraft in creating a myth. The Allies credited the Reisen with almost mystical powers of maneuver, fostering a myth of Japanese aerial invincibility. Everything to the Japanese that the Spitfire was to the British, the Reisen was a lightly constructed but extraordinarily capable fighter first flown on 1 April 1939, series aircraft entering service early in 1941. Excluding float-equipped and training versions a total of 10,449 Reisen's was manufactured. Here are photos of Fiddlers Zero patterns used with Coke's new           Zero. How could I resist? The Quick Grip contact cement is working           quite well. I hope Coke is producing larger size cans as these           small ones are quite limiting. The fuselage took some finagling.          Bob     Reisen A6M Zero-Sen by Mitsubishi I threw some layers of transparency down on a water texture and had a bit   of sunken Zeke under the waves. I just hopped into my Pacific Fighters simulator   and took a photo of the Zero at the right angle. The frame I borrowed from   my display of Russian aircraft stamps. RM Dan When the Japanese Navy struck at Pearl Harbor on Sunday, 7 December 1941, the Americans already possessed files on the A6M in the form of detailed combat reports from Colonel Claire Chennault in far-off Chungking, China. Nobody had bothered to disseminate the information, and for a second time this agile and well armed fighter caused a great shock and made mincemeat of the motley collection of aircraft that opposed it. In six months the Sentais (fighter groups) equipped with the A6M had so dominated the sky that the Imperial forces had conquered over 12 million square miles, a far greater area than had ever previously been overrun by one nation. The A6M kept appearing in places where Japanese fighters had been judged 'impossible', sometimes almost 1,000 miles from the nearest advanced Japanese airbase or carrier. In combat it could outmaneuver practically every Allied fighter, and its firepower was also superior. The A6M came to symbolize the previously  unappreciated fact that Japanese weapons were not made of bamboo  and rice-paper, nor were they inferior copies of Occidental ones.  In its own homeland it was the focal point of a part-religious  belief in Nipponese invincibility. The name of Jiro Horikoshi  was better-known in Japan even than that of Reginald Mitchell  in the UK, because he was the genius who had created the miraculous  fighter that decimated its enemies. Of course the A6M was not really miraculous. Back in 1937 the          British Gloster company had flown a prototype fighter that almost          precisely paralleled the A6M in size, shape, weight, power and          performance - and it was not even accepted for the RAF. At that          time Horikoshi was making the first drawings of his new fighter          to try to meet a newly issued Impe


In the Bible, who was the first-born of Isaac?

What is the significance of “firstborn” in the Bible? | Bible.org Home What is the significance of “firstborn” in the Bible? I’m going to copy some articles on this subject, but let me give you my summation of all of them. In the Old Testament, the firstborn son was the one who normally received a double inheritance, and was the one who would inherit his father’s role as head of the family. God sometimes reversed this order, as he did with Jacob and Esau (Genesis 25:21-26), and as Jacob later did with Ephraim and Manasseh (Genesis 48:13-22). Reuben was the firstborn of Jacob, but his rights as the firstborn were taken away because of his sin (Genesis 35:22; 49:3-4). The term firstborn therefore has two main meanings. The first is more literal, referring to the fact that this son is the first son to be born of his father. The second meaning refers to the rights and authority of a person, because they are the firstborn. Our Lord is the “firstborn” in several ways, as one of the attached articles indicates. But most of all He is the One who has been appointed by God to be in authority over all things (Colossians 1:13-23; especially verses 15, 18). Closely related is the expression “son” (which you see in 2 Samuel 7:14; Psalm 2:7-9 [compare Psalm 110:1-3]; Hebrews 1:5-14). I understand the expressions, “Thou art My Son, Today I have begotten Thee” (Hebrews 1:5a) and “I will be a Father to Him, And He shall be a Son to Me” (Hebrews 5b) to be synonymous. This speaks not of the birth of our Lord (as though this were when He came into existence - for He is eternal as John 1:1-3 indicate), but of His installation as King of the earth by His Father. FIRST-BEGOTTEN furst-be-got’-’-n (prototokos): This Greek word is translated in two passages in the King James Version by “first-begotten” (Heb 1:6; Rev 1:5), but in all other places in the King James Version, and always in the Revised Version (British and American), by “firstborn.” It is used in its natural literal sense of Jesus Christ as Mary’s firstborn (Lk 2:7; Mt 1:25 the King James Version); it also bears the literal sense of Jesus Christ as Mary’s firstborn (Lk 2:7; Mt 1:25 the King James Version); it also bears the literal sense of the firstborn of the firstborn of men and animals (Heb 11:28). It is not used in the New Testament or Septuagint of an only child, which is expressed by monogenes (see below). Metaphorically, it is used of Jesus Christ to express at once His relation to man and the universe and His difference from them, as both He and they are related to God. The laws and customs of all nations show that to be “firstborn” means, not only priority in time, but a certain superiority in privilege and authority. Israel is Yahweh’s firstborn among the nations (Ex 4:22; compare Jer 31:9). The Messianic King is God’s firstborn Septuagint prototokos), “the highest of the kings of the earth” (Ps 89:27). Philo applies the word to the Logos as the archetypal and governing idea of creation. Similarly Christ, as “the firstborn of all creation” (Col 1:15), is not only prior to it in time, but above it in power and authority. “All things have been created through him, and unto him” (Col 1:16). He is “sovereign Lord over all creation by virtue of primo-geniture” (Lightfoot). It denotes His status and character and not His origin; the context does not admit the idea that He is a part of the created universe. So in His incarnation He is brought into the world as “firstborn,” and God summons all His angels to worship Him (Heb 1:6). In His resurrection He is “firstborn from the dead” (Col 1:18) or “of the dead” (Rev 1:5), the origin and prince of life. And finally He is “firstborn among many brethren” in the consummation of God’s purpose of grace, when all the elect are gathered home. Not only is He their Lord, but also their pattern, God’s ideal Son and men are “foreordained to be conformed to (his) image” (Rom 8:29). Therefore the saints themselves, as growing in His likeness, and as possessing all the privileges of eldest sons, including the kingdom and the priesthood, may be called


Give the pseudonym of J.P. Richardson, a pop singer , who dies in a plane crash in 1959?

The day the music died - Feb 03, 1959 - HISTORY.com The day the music died Share this: The day the music died Author The day the music died URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1959, rising American rock stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson are killed when their chartered Beechcraft Bonanza plane crashes in Iowa a few minutes after takeoff from Mason City on a flight headed for Moorehead, Minnesota. Investigators blamed the crash on bad weather and pilot error. Holly and his band, the Crickets, had just scored a No. 1 hit with “That’ll Be the Day.” After mechanical difficulties with the tour bus, Holly had chartered a plane for his band to fly between stops on the Winter Dance Party Tour. However, Richardson, who had the flu, convinced Holly’s band member Waylon Jennings to give up his seat, and Ritchie Valens won a coin toss for another seat on the plane. Holly, born Charles Holley in Lubbock, Texas, and just 22 when he died, began singing country music with high school friends before switching to rock and roll after opening for various performers, including Elvis Presley. By the mid-1950s, Holly and his band had a regular radio show and toured internationally, playing hits like “Peggy Sue,” “Oh, Boy!,” “Maybe Baby” and “Early in the Morning.” Holly wrote all his own songs, many of which were released after his death and influenced such artists as Bob Dylan and Paul McCartney. Another crash victim, J.P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson, 28, started out as a disk jockey in Texas and later began writing songs. Richardson’s most famous recording was the rockabilly “Chantilly Lace,” which made the Top 10. He developed a stage show based on his radio persona, “The Big Bopper.” The third crash victim was Ritchie Valens, born Richard Valenzuela in a suburb of Los  Angeles, who was only 17 when the plane went down but had already scored hits with “Come On, Let’s Go,” “Donna” and “La Bamba,” an upbeat number based on a traditional Mexican wedding song (though Valens barely spoke Spanish). In 1987, Valens’ life was portrayed in the movie La Bamba, and the title song, performed by Los Lobos, became a No. 1 hit. Valens was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001. Singer Don McLean memorialized Holly, Valens and Richardson in the 1972 No. 1 hit “American Pie,” which refers to February 3, 1959 as “the day the music died.” Related Videos


Which British composer wrote 'A Child Of Our Time' incorporating Negro spirituals, in 1941?

Simon Rattle conducts Tippett’s “A Child of Our Time” Simon Rattle conducts Tippett’s “A Child of Our Time” The Last Days of Socrates for bass baritone, choir and orchestra (01:00:16) Sir John Tomlinson Bass, Rundfunkchor Berlin, Simon Halsey Chorus Master Michael Tippett A Child of Our Time (01:09:57) Sally Matthews Soprano, Sarah Connolly Contralto, Matthew Polenzani Tenor, Sir John Tomlinson Bass, Rundfunkchor Berlin, Simon Halsey Chorus Master free Brett Dean: Composing Socrates (00:14:40) free Artist biographies From Berliner Philharmoniker musician to internationally renowned composer – that’s Brett Dean’s career in a nutshell. In the process of arranging and improvising, the Australian-born violist discovered the composer in himself. His clarinet concerto Ariel’s Music, chosen for the UNESCO International Rostrum of Composers, and the ballet One of a Kind brought him international renown. Encouraged by their success, Dean decided in 2000 to devote himself principally to composition. Ties to his old orchestra have nonetheless remained intact. Berlin audiences may well remember his orchestral work Komarov’s Fall, which the Philharmoniker commissioned. That makes it all the more gratifying that yet another new work by Brett is given its first performance at this concert. Michael Tippett’s oratorio A Child of Our Time, by contrast, was not commissioned. The English composer felt compelled by a real-life event to write it in protest against dictatorship and racism. In 1938 a 17-year-old boy, Herschel Grynszpan, was provoked by the anti-Semitic treatment of his family to shoot a secretary at the German embassy in Paris. The attack provided the Nazis with a pretext for the pogrom in Germany known as Kristallnacht. Tippett’s musical treatment of the Grynszpan incident follows the oratorio concept of Bach and Handel. Ever since the work brought about his artistic breakthrough in 1944, Tippett has taken his place alongside Edward Elgar, Ralph Vaughan Williams and Benjamin Britten as one of the leading English composers of the 20th century. From the Last Days of Socrates to the “Twentieth-Century Blues” Dean’s The Last Days of Socrates and Tippett’s A Child of Our Time Sir Michael Tippett was a committed pacifist. He joined the British peace movement in 1934, intensively studied the writings of Mahatma Gandhi and was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment as a conscientious objector in June 1943. In his oratorio A Child of Our Time, which he composed in reaction to the incidents surrounding the Nazi pogrom in November 1938, the composer took a stand against the events of his day and vigorously opposed all forms of violence, oppression and discrimination. Critical references to political and contemporary events are also found in Brett Dean’s oeuvre, for example, in the orchestral work Ceremonial, Dean’s personal protest against the war in Iraq. In his string quartet Eclipse, the Australian composer responded to the Tampa crisis, which occurred in the Indian Ocean in August 2001 – a conflict that arose as a result of the hard-line stance of the Australian government against the boat people who tried to reach Australian territorial waters and were rescued at sea by the crew of the Norwegian freighter Tampa. Dean’s Pastoral Symphony for chamber orchestra and tape, on the other hand, focuses on the contrast between unspoiled nature and environmental pollution in Queensland – the Australian state in whose capital, Brisbane, the composer was born in 1961. Brett Dean: The Last Days of Socrates Dean’s latest work, composed in 2012 for bass-baritone, chorus and orchestra, was commissioned by the Rundfunkchor Berlin, the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. As the title indicates, the three-part composition deals with the ancient philosopher Socrates, who lived during the age of Athenian democracy. Like every Athenian, he took an active interest in political life, spent a great deal of time in the agora and other public places and involved his fellow citizens in discussions during which he critically question


Henry Cooper controversially lost his British Heavyweight title in 1971, to which boxer?

When Henry Cooper hit the big time - Telegraph Boxing When Henry Cooper hit the big time Fifty years ago on Monday, Henry Cooper defeated Brian London in a bloody  15-round battle at Earl's Court, to start a glorious, unbeaten reign of just  over 12 years as British heavyweight champion. Not bowed: a bloodied Henry Cooper surprises Brian London with a left at Earl's Court in 1959 Photo: PA By Gareth A Davies 7:30AM GMT 12 Jan 2009 Harold Macmillan was Prime Minister, Fidel Castro was taking control of Cuba, and Charles de Gaulle had just been sworn in as President of France. If the political scene was far removed from today, so too was the sporting landscape. In those days, the British heavyweight champion was a major figure in British sport. American champions were also popular – Floyd Patterson, Archie Moore, Carmen Basilio, Sugar Ray Robinson, all had huge followings in the UK. Cooper remembers: "The British heavyweight scene was very strong in those days. The public could always name the best heavyweights around. These days, a lot of people don't even know who the British champion is. "There were always between 10 and 20 very decent heavyweights around. At the time, we had London, Dick Richardson, Joe Bygraves and Joe Erskine." Related Articles McGuigan back in the game 10 Jan 2009 Through the Sixties, Cooper became hugely popular, his standing enhanced as he made nine successful defences of the British title. Indeed, he is still the only champion to be awarded three Lonsdale belts outright by the British Boxing Board of Control. A rule change in 1987 allowing the Lonsdale belt to be awarded only once in any one division to a fighter means that Cooper will forever be the only boxer to achieve the Lonsdale treble. Cooper's familiar, rugged, face and dignified bearing, along with his hammer of a left hook, became etched in British sporting folklore. He was twice the BBC Sports Personality of the Year and became Sir Henry in 2000. But back on that night – Jan 12, 1959 –plain Henry Cooper, from Bellingham, in south east London, was far from the finished article, with a professional record of 17 wins, seven losses, and one draw. He was already renowned for his left hook, and also his resilience, and heart. More than once he had got up off the canvas to win. Victory against London, a bitter rival, also meant he was able to wrap the belts for the European and Commonwealth titles around his waist. The previous year, London, known as the 'Blackpool Rock', had won the British and Commonwealth titles from Erskine, who had beaten Cooper, on points, in 1957. As champion, Cooper went on to beat Erskine three times. "Can it really be 50 years?" Cooper, now 74, wondered. . . . He had weighed in at 13st 8lb. London was 16lb heavier. "I can remember the night. Perhaps not the detail. Yes, the old Earl's Court. There must have been 10 or 11,000 people in there. Brian was much bigger than me weight-wise, but I always thought that I could beat him," Cooper recalled. "I was a better boxer than him – he used to leave himself open. I had stopped him a couple of years earlier in the first round. I poked his head off for 15 rounds with my left hand to win those belts. Brian was a big strong guy, and if you let him get on top, he could dominate, so I went at him from the start. He was always a rough handful. He came at me with his heart in it. We were both exhausted after the fight. I could barely stand up." How time has healed the wounds and softened the memories of what was in fact, a brutal fight. Cooper finished with his face a mask of blood, with cuts above and below his left eye, and a gash above his right eye, while London could barely stand. Donald Saunders, the Daily Telegraph boxing correspondent, wrote that at the end "they looked as if they had been hitting each other with meat axes." It was a blue-riband title in those days, and Cooper's success, and his two fights with Muhammad Ali, one for the world title in 1966, made 'Our 'Enery' a household name throughout the 1960s. The winner of the Cooper-London bout was pencilled in t


Which country music legend, who died in 2002, gave up his seat to the 'Big Bopper' on the ill fated plane?

Who Flipped a Coin With Ritchie Valens?: The Day the Music Died and the Coin Toss Controversy Pophistory: music, movies, history, and life. Who Flipped a Coin With Ritchie Valens?: The Day the Music Died and the Coin Toss Controversy February 3 marks the anniversary of the day Buddy Holly, J.P. Richardson, and Ritchie Valens perished in a plane crash. You probably know the general outline of “the day the music died.” But you may not know the controversy surrounding the legendary coin flip connected to the tragedy. The Day the Music Died In early 1959, Buddy Holly , J.P. “ The Big Bopper ” Richardson, Ritchie Valens , and Dion and the Belmonts toured through the Midwest in what was called “The Winter Dance Party.” Also on the tour was Holly’s new back-up band replacing the Crickets: Tommy Allsup on guitar, Waylon Jennings on bass, and Carl Bunch on drums. Some of the performers were tired of traveling through the cold in an old bus that kept breaking down. The poor conditions led to drummer Bunch going to the hospital with frostbite. So Buddy Holly chartered a small plane for one of the upcoming trips on the tour. After their February 2, 1959 performance in Clear Lake, Iowa, three of the stars — Holly, Richardson, and Valens — boarded a three-passenger plane. The plane took off in the early morning hours of February 3 for Fargo, North Dakota but soon crashed in a snow storm. All three passengers were killed along with the pilot Roger Peterson . The young rock and roll music industry lost three of its brightest stars. The Competing Claims About a Coin Toss Although the story is familiar, there is still an ongoing question. Besides Holly, how did Richardson and Valens end up on the plane instead of the other headliner, Dion, or instead of other band members? Stories conflict about the events that night before the flight. Everyone agrees there was a coin toss. But survivors still debate who was the person who barely missed getting on a plane ride to their death, all due to the luck of a coin flip. Holly’s former band members tell one story. But Dion wrote in his book The Wanderer Talks Truth (2011) that the events “have been completely eclipsed by urban legends, cinematic retellings, gossip, and outright grandstanding.” (p. 41). Who is telling the truth? Let’s consider the different versions of the story. On a Behind the Music episode, “The Day the Music Died,” the producers presented the story that Buddy Holly planned for the airplane to the next stop on the tour for him and his two musicians, Waylon Jennings and Tommy Allsup. In the video, Waylon Jennings explains how he gave up his seat on the plane to the ailing Big Bopper (around 9:50). Jennings recounts that Holly had ribbed him about taking the bus. Jennings responded, jokingly, “I hope your ole plane crashes,” a retort that haunted him for years. In the same episode, guitarist Tommy Allsup recounts how when he went inside to make sure they did not leave anything behind, he ran into Ritchie Valens.  Then, Valens asked Allsup if he could take Allsup’s seat on the plane. Allsup then claims he flipped a coin, and Valens won the seat on the ill-fated plane. In other venues, Tommy Allsup repeated his version of the story of the coin toss that he lost to Ritchie Valens. Bob Hale, the emcee at the Surf Ballroom in Iowa for the last Winter Dance Party show before the plane crash, has a similar recollection. Hale remembers that Allsup suggested the coin flip. But Hale recalls that he was the one who flipped the coin for Allsup and Valens.  Hale remembers that Valens won by calling “heads.” Allsup, however, argues that Hale was not present at the coin flip. [February 2013 Update: See the comments section below for Mr. Hale’s comment on this post.][January 2017 Update: Tommy Allsup passed away on January 11, 2017.] Dion has yet another version of the events leading to the plane ride. According to Dion’s website : “Dion was, in fact, scheduled to fly in the fateful plane that went down. The headliners flipped a coin to see who was going to fly. The Big Bopper and Dion won the tos


In Greek mythology, what form did Zeus take so he could make love to Danae?

DANAE - Argive Princess of Greek Mythology Danae Danaan-Woman Danae and the Golden Shower, Lucanian red-figure krater C5th B.C., Musée du Louvre DANAE was a princess of Argos in the Greek Peloponnese, the only child of King Akrisios (Acrisius). When her father learned a prophecy that he was destined to be killed by a son of his daughter, he locked Danae away in a subterranean, bronze chamber. Her prison, however, was infiltrated by the god Zeus who impregnated her in the guise of a golden shower. She conceived and bore a son named Perseus. As soon as her father learned of this, he placed Danae and the infant in a chest and set them adrift at sea. By the providence of the gods they made it safely to the island of Seriphos where the fisherman Diktys (Dictys) offered them refuge in his home. Later when Perseus was fully grown, King Polydektes (Polydectes) of Seriphos sought Danae for his wife and, wishing to rid himself of her son, commanded Perseus fetch the Gorgon 's head. The hero returned victorious only to learn that his mother had fled to the temple of Athena seeking refuge from the king. In anger Perseus turned Polydektes and his allies to stone with Gorgon's head. He then travelled with mother to Argos to claim his grandfather's throne. Danae was the eponymous "queen" of the Danaans. Danaan was synonymous with Argive but was sometimes used to describe Greeks in general (e.g. in Homer's Iliad). CHRONOLOGY OF MYTH In the chronology of myth Danae was a descendant of Io --an Argive maiden loved by Zeus who was forced to wander all the way to Egypt in the guise of a cow.  Io's great-great-grandson Danaus made the return trip to Argos with his fifty daughters, the Danaides, to claim the throne. Danae was a great-grandaughter of the Danaid Hypermnestra and her cousin Lynkeus. Of Danae's descendants, the most famous were Herakles, her great-great grandson, and King Eurystheus, her great-grandson It should be noted that the Argive genealogies were quite bloated and do not synchronise well with those of the other mythic royal houses. FAMILY OF DANAE PARENTS [1.1] AKRISIOS (Homer Iliad 14.319, Aeschylus, Herodotus 6.53, Strabo 10.5.10, Diodorus Siculus 4.9.1, Pausanias 2.23.7, Hyginus Fabulae 155, Ovid Metamorphoses 4.607, Nonnus Dionysiaca 30.264) [1.2] AKRISIOS & EURYDIKE (Apollodorus 2.26) [1.3] AKRISIOS & AGANIPPE (Hyginus Fabulae 63) OFFSPRING [1.1] PERSEUS (by Zeus ) (Homer Iliad 14.319, Pindar Pythian 12. 16, Aeschylus, Apollodorus 2.34, Strabo 10.5.10, Herodotus 6.53 & 7.61, Diodorus Siculus 4.9.1, Hyginus Fabulae 63 & 155, Ovid Metamorphoses 4.607, Nonnus Dionysiaca 2.286, et al) ENCYCLOPEDIA DANAE (Danaê). An oracle declared that Danaë, the daughter of Acrisius, would give birth to a son, who would kill his grandfather. For this reason Acrisius kept Danaë shut up in a subterraneous apartment, or in a brazen tower. But here she became mother of Perseus, notwithstanding the precautions of her father, according to some accounts by her uncle Proetus, and according to others by Zeus, who visited her in the form of a shower of gold. Acrisius ordered mother and child to be exposed on the wide sea in a chest; but the chest floated towards the island of Seriphus, where both were rescued by Dictys, the brother of king Polydectes. (Apollod. ii. 2. § 1, 4. § 1; Paus. ii. 16. § 2, 25. § 6, iii. 13. § 6; Hygin. Fab. 63.) According to a later or Italian tradition, the chest was carried to the coast of Italy, where king Pilumnus married Danaë, and founded Ardea (Virg. Aen. vii. 410; Serv. ad Aen. vii. 372); or Danaë is said to have come to Italy with two sons, Argus and Argeus, whom she had by Phineus, and took up her abode on the spot where Rome was afterwards built (Serv. ad Aen. viii. 345). But, according to the common story, Polydectes, king of Seriphos, made Danae his slave, and courted her favour, but in vain; and in order to obtain the undisturbed possession of her, he sent off Perseus, who had in the meantime grown up to manhood, to the Gorgons, to fetch the head of Medusa, which he said he would give to Hippodameia as


'An American Dream' and 'Last Night Of The World' are two songs from which musical?

MISS SAIGON - THE AMERICAN DREAM LYRICS The American Dream Lyrics Miss Saigon - Bangkok, October 1978 (Ii) The American Dream my father was a tattoo artist in Haiphong but his designs on mother didn't last too long my mother sold her body, high on Betel nuts my job was bringing red-faced monsieurs to our huts selling your mom is a wrench perfume can cover a stench that's what I learned from the French then it all changed with Dien Bien Phu the frogs went home. Who came? Guess who? are you surprised we went insane with dollars pouring down like rain? businessmen never rob banks you can sell shit and get thanks that's what I learned from the Yanks I'm fed up with small-time hustles I'm too good to waste my talent for greed I need room to flex my muscles in an ocean where the big sharks feed make me Yankee, they're my fam'ly they're selling what people need what's that I smell in the air the American dream sweet as a new millionaire the American dream fat, like a chocolate eclair as you suck out the cream luck by the tail and best of all, it's for sale the American dream greasy chinks make life so sleazy in the States I'll have a club that's four-starred men like me there have things easy they have a lawyer and a body-guard to the Johns there I'll sell blondes there that they can charge on a card what's that I smell in the air? the American dream sweet as a suite in Bel-air the American dream girls can buy tits by the pair the American dream bald people think they'll grow hair the American dream call girls are lining time square the American dream bums there have money to spare the American dream cars that have bars take you there the American dream on stage each night: Fred Astaire the American dream it's time we all entertain my American dream! busboys can buy the hotel the American dream Wall Street is ready to sell the American dream come make a life from thin air the American dream come and get more than your share the American dream all yours for ten percent down the American dream Miss Saigon - Bangkok, October 1978 (Ii) Tracklist 1 Embed Get the embed code
<col width="40" /><col />

Miss Saigon - Miss Saigon - Bangkok, October 1978 (Ii) Album Lyrics

1.	Finale

2.	Now That I've Seen Her

3.	Room 317

4.	The American Dream

5.	The Confrontation

6.	The Sacred Bird

Miss Saigon Lyrics provided by SongLyrics.com
 Note: When you embed the widget in your site, it will match your site's styles (CSS). This is just a preview! Preview the embedded widget


Which English novelist, born in Manchester in 1917, had the real name John A.B. Wilson?

Anthony Burgess | British author | Britannica.com Anthony Burgess Alternative Titles: John Anthony Burgess Wilson, Joseph Kell Anthony Burgess Virginia Woolf Anthony Burgess, also called Joseph Kell, original name John Anthony Burgess Wilson (born February 25, 1917, Manchester , England —died November 22, 1993, London ), English novelist, critic, and man of letters, whose fictional explorations of modern dilemmas combine wit, moral earnestness, and a note of the bizarre. Anthony Burgess, 1968. Marvin Lichtner—Time Life Pictures/Getty Images Trained in English literature and phonetics, Burgess taught in the extramural department of Birmingham University (1946–50), worked for the Ministry of Education (1948–50), and was English master at Banbury Grammar School (1950–54). He then served as education officer in Malaya and Borneo (1954–59), where he wrote three novels with a Malayan setting. Back in England he became a full-time and prolific professional writer. Under the pseudonym Anthony Burgess he wrote the novels The Wanting Seed (1962), an antiutopian view of an overpopulated world, and Honey for the Bears (1963). As Joseph Kell he wrote One Hand Clapping (1961) and Inside Mr. Enderby (1963). A Clockwork Orange (1962; filmed 1971) made Burgess’ reputation as a novelist of comic and mordant power. The novel is written in a teenage argot of Burgess’ invention, combining elements from British and American slang, Russian, and other sources. It examines society’s unsuccessful attempt to psychologically “rehabilitate” an incurably violent juvenile delinquent. Other novels include The Eve of Saint Venus (1964) and Enderby Outside (1968). The latter is part of a series of humorous novels centred around the lyric poet F.X. Enderby, whom many critics have seen as a stand-in for Burgess himself. His later works include Earthly Powers (1980), The End of the World News (1983), The Kingdom of the Wicked (1985), Any Old Iron (1989), and A Dead Man in Deptford (1993). In his novels Burgess combined linguistic ingenuity and witty erudition with picaresque plots, bizarre story premises , and sharp social satire . Although his vision of modern society is a pessimistic one, his fiction is generally comic. Burgess was the author of more than 50 books. In addition to novels and short stories, he was known for his works of literary criticism , including Here Comes Everybody: An Introduction to James Joyce for the Ordinary Reader (1965). He wrote television scripts, did translations for the stage, and wrote biographies of William Shakespeare , D.H. Lawrence, and Ernest Hemingway . Burgess also produced dozens of musical compositions , including choral works and orchestral pieces. He wrote a two-volume autobiography , Little Wilson and Big God: Being the First Part of the Confessions of Anthony Burgess (1987) and You’ve Had Your Time: Being the Second Part of the Confessions of Anthony Burgess (1990). Learn More in these related articles:


Which former chart-topping British duo re-formed in 1999 to record an album entitled 'Peace'?

1999 in British music - iSnare Free Encyclopedia 1999 in British music This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) 2000 → This is a summary of 1999 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year. Contents 12 External links Summary The most successful album, Come on Over by Shania Twain , spent a cumulative total of ten weeks at the top, followed by Boyzone 's By Request with nine weeks in total. In the singles chart Ricky Martin 's "Livin' La Vida Loca", Eiffel 65 's "Blue (Da Ba Dee)" and Cliff Richard 's "The Millennium Prayer" all topped the singles charts for three weeks, the joint longest time at number one during 1999. This year also saw the return of American Rock/New Wave band Blondie and their number one single " Maria ". The teenage pop singer Britney Spears' " ...Baby One More Time " was the highest selling single of the year. One of the first number one singles of the year came from music producer, Fatboy Slim who topped the charts for one week with his single "Praise You". January became a very successful month for the DJ, real name Norman Cook , a former member of Hull-based band The Housemartins , his new album You've Come A Long Way Baby topped the charts for 4 weeks. The album produced many other hit singles, the followup to his chart topper "Right Here Right Now" peaking at number two, marking his third consecutive top three hit. Developments Girl groups 1999 emphasised the trend away from girl groups, with solo acts and boy bands dominating the charts. B*Witched , with a fourth and final release from their début self-titled album, "Blame It On The Weatherman" became the first (and as of April 2011 only) girl group for their first four releases to début at #1; their success declined quickly thereafter. The Spice Girls , with four remaining members, reached number one with their first single without Geri Halliwell , claiming the official number one Christmas single at the end of 1998 with " Goodbye "; it was the group's third consecutive number one Christmas single. As for other girl groups, Cleopatra scored one Top 30 hit with "A Touch Of Love", peaking at number 24, Their T.V sitcom was a smash hit and was No1 in its time slot. Hepburn and the Thunderbugs , both girl bands who played their own instruments, had lesser success. Neither the Spice Girls nor All Saints, both popular in the previous year, released a single in 1999. Boy bands Boyzone topped the charts twice, first with a remake of a Billy Ocean song, "When the Going Gets Tough", made for Comic Relief and then with a remake of Canadian singer Anne Murray 's hit "You Needed Me". Their album By Request, containing both chart-toppers along with the million-selling "No Matter What" from 1998, topped the albums chart for nine weeks and became the most successful album in their career. With six #1 singles to their name, they unofficially disbanded with both Ronan Keating and Stephen Gately going on to solo success. Keating reached #1 with his début single "When You Say Nothing At All" later in the year; it was featured in the soundtrack to the hit film Notting Hill . 5ive scored their first number one single with "Keep On Movin'" after numerous consecutive top ten hits. Their peak of popularity as a boy band was short-lived as many more successful groups eclipsed them. A1 were another British boy band who joined the music scene during the year, scoring three top ten singles, including "Be The First To Believe" and "Summertime Of Our Lives". Their album fared less well, only reaching number 20 on the charts. American boy bands were also very successful in the UK during the course of the year, with *NSYNC scoring two top ten hits, though their album only made number 30. With seven consecutive top ten singles behind them, The Backstreet Boys made number one with "I Want It That Way". The song was taken from their album, Millennium which sold millions worldwide and made


Which of the wives of Henry VIII was born in Madrid in 1485?

The Six Wives Of Henry VIII - By Tales Of Curiosity Contact Search Site If you enjoyed this, then why not tell your friends? It also shows us the most popular subjects. So we can make more like them, just for you!! The Six Wives Of Henry VIII Running Time:5:32Release Date: 30 Dec 2009 We travel back to the time of the Tudor's and meet probably the best known king of all time, Henry VIII. Apart from his large size he is famous for having six wives. In this video we find out the reasons for each marriage, meet each of his wives and learn of their fate. About The Video Introduction In England, on the 21st April 1509, a young prince became a King. He was the son of Henry Tudor, who reigned as Henry VII. The young prince was determined to create a Tudor dynasty. His name was Henry VIII. Henry VIII As A Young Man Catherine Of Aragon Died: 5 September 1548 Although, not the best known of Henry VIII's wives, Catherine Parr was probably the most influential. Henry first noticed Catherine when she was working in the household of his daughter Mary. Catherine was a widow and was in a relationship with Thomas Seymour (1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley). But after Henry VIII proposed to her, she was obliged to marry him. Catherine had good relations with all three of Henry VIII's children and helped to reconcile Henry with his daughters, Mary and Elizabeth. Catherine Parr From July to September 1544 Catherine was made regent by Henry and effectively ruled the country. This was whilst Henry was on his last military campaign. It has also been speculated that Catherine's character and religious beliefs were a great influence on her stepdaughter, who became Elizabeth I. Portrait Of An Elderly Henry VIII Henry VIII was very sick and Catherine Parr was more of a nurse than a wife. Henry VIII died on the 28th January 1547. He was buried in Windsor next to his third wife, Jane Seymour. Resting Place Of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour Later in the year, Catherine Parr married Thomas Seymour, who apparently was not a good husband. She sadly died a year after, from childbirth complications. Tomb Of Catherine Parr The End Of Our Tale Thus ends our tale of Henry VIII's wives. There were no offspring from his children and the death of his daughter, Queen Elizabeth I meant the end of the Tudor Dynasty. Curious Facts ★ After her execution, Anne Boleyn's body was buried in an old arrow chest under the floor of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula. This was only found in Victorian times, after which a plaque on the floor now marks the spot. ★ Jane Seymour was the only one of Henry's VIII six wives to receive a Queen's funeral. ★ When Henry VIII was on a campaign in France he made Catherine Of Aragon regent. The Scots then invaded England and Catherine addressed the army, and rode in full armour with the troops, despite being heavily pregnant. ★ After their divorce, Anne of Cleves was given the title "The King's Beloved Sister", and was given precedence over all women in England, after Henry's wife and two daughters. ★ Anne of Cleves appeared to have enjoyed life after her divorce. She became very fond of English beer. ★ Anne Boleyn was executed with a sword and not an axe. Execution by an expert swordsman meant a cleaner cut. ★ The two wives of Henry VIII that were executed, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, were cousins. ★ When she was queen, Anne Boleyn had over 250 personal servants. ★ Legend says that Anne Boleyn had six fingers, no one knows if this is really true. ★ Catherine Parr was the most-married English queen, she had four husbands. ★ Catherine Parr's mother was a lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon and named her daughter after her. ★ The chapel where Catherine Parr was buried fell into disrepair and over time her grave became desecrated. Her current tomb was built during Victorian times.


Which American medical drama series is set in the 'Seattle Grace Hospital'?

10 Hospital Dramas and Where They Were Filmed - HealthStaff Recruitment 10 Hospital Dramas and Where They Were Filmed Home  / 10 Hospital Dramas and Where They Were Filmed Medical emergencies and comatosed comedies are watched on the box all around the world. Shows such as Scrubs and Greys Anatomy are big hitters packed full of dramatic decisions and comedic actors, but are these classics really filmed in working hospitals? Health Staff Recruitment were interested to know so we dug deeper into the world of medical mystery television to find out. House M.D. Ah, Dr. Gregory House. Now, wouldn’t you like to be treated by a doctor like him? Hugh Laurie plays the antisocial doctor dubbed ‘Dr. Feelbad’, whose character could best be described as irreverent, mean to patients and obnoxious to colleagues. The series well into its 6th season, is full of sarcastic one-liners and patients suffering from the most complicated medical problems. The fictional setting for the show is the cold New Jersey Plainsboro Teaching Hospital. Aerial location shots in the series use Princeton’s First Campus Center, NJ whereas the rest of the show is shot at the 20th Century Fox studios in LA. Scrubs Scrubs, the series that when watched can become an addiction. The mix of comedy and drama in the medical setting tie together to create a show that is filled with witty anecdotes and laughter. The series is filmed in the North Hollywood Medical Centre which was a fully operational hospital catering to the residents of Los Angeles, California. Interestingly, the same hospital was also used in the filming of the 2001 film ‘The One’ starring Jet Li and Jason Statham. Greys Anatomy The complicated, tear-jerking personal lives of five tightly knit trainee surgeons forms the axis around which Greys Anatomy revolves. The long running show is set in the fictional ‘Seattle Grace Hospital’. Fisher Plaza, in Seattle is used for some scene-setting shots of the hospital while interior scenes are filmed at the VA Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Centre, North Hills, California. Various locations around Seattle are used to stage scenes outside the hospital when the drama follows Meredith to her house – that’s an actual house in Seattle. The VA Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Centre is a working hospital and caters for around 17,000 patients. M*A*S*H M*A*S*H was a comedy drama about war, and the futility and frustrations of war.  Is it fair to say that M*A*S*H, the hospital drama that sparked a whole genre, is the most popular TV series of all time? The story of the doctors and nurses of the 4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital based in Uijeongbu, South Korea, ran for 11 years – while the Korean War it was based upon only lasted for three. The final episode of M*A*S*H, which screened in February 1983, had nearly 122 million viewers, making it the most watched episode of a TV series in U.S television history. Though set in Korea M*A*S*H is generally considered to be an allegory for the then-recently-ended Vietnam War, which remained top of mind in the collective consciousness. The series became increasingly political as the show evolved. M*A*S*H was shot on two different sets – one at what is known today as Malibu Creek State Park at Calabasas, Los Angeles County, California; the other location being a sound stage at Fox Studios. Nip Tuck Created by Ryan Murphy and referred to as “immoral”, “twisted” and “smart”, the series focuses on two plastic surgeons who are in business together. One is a veritable sex-addict, driven by money, the other is an altruistic family man (with a very dysfunctional family). Described by fans as “addictive” this medical drama has a very different take on the doctor-patient relationship. This “deeply superficial” drama explores modern society’s obsession with perfection, and the idea of beauty being only skin deep (as some people are diabolical).  No episode is without the compulsory breast or butt cheek shot. Nip Tuck is filmed in California, USA, in four locations: Altadena, Los Angeles California, Marina del Rey and San Diego. It has won numerous awar


Which term, meaning 'light-dark' in Italian, is used to describe the use of strongly contrasting light and shade in a painting?

Painting techniques - Chiaroscuro - Web Art Academy | Web Art Academy Web Art Academy Web Art Academy » Painting techniques – Chiaroscuro Painting techniques – Chiaroscuro On 3 Feb, 2011 With 0 Comments Painting techniques – Chiaroscuro The Incredulity of Saint Thomas by Caravaggio Chiaroscuro ( Italian: “light-dark”) in art is characterized by strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also a technical term used by artists and art historians for using contrasts of light to achieve a sense of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects such as the human body. Further specialized uses include chiaroscuro woodcut, for coloured woodcuts printed with different blocks, each using a different coloured ink; and chiaroscuro drawing for drawings on coloured paper with drawing in a dark medium and white highlighting. Similar effects in the lighting of cinema and photography are also chiaroscuro. Origin in the chiaroscuro drawing Chiaroscuro originated during the Renaissance as drawing on coloured paper, where the artist worked from this base tone towards light, with white gouache, and dark, with ink, bodycolour or watercolour. These in turn drew on traditions in illuminated manuscripts, going back to late Roman Imperial manuscripts on purple-dyed vellum. Chiaroscuro woodcuts began as imitations of this technique. When discussing Italian art, the term is sometimes used to mean painted images in monochrome or two colours, more generally known in English by the French equivalent, grisaille. The term early broadened in meaning to cover all strong contrasts in illumination between light and dark areas in art, which is now the primary meaning. Chiaroscuro modelling La Fornarina by Raphael The more technical use of the term chiaroscuro is the effect of light modelling in painting, drawing or printmaking, where three-dimensional volume is suggested by the value gradation of colour and the analytical division of light and shadow shapes – often called “shading”. The invention of these effects in the West, “skiagraphia” or “shadow-painting” to the Ancient Greeks, was traditionally ascribed to the famous Athenian painter of the 5th century BC, Apollodoros. Although virtually no Ancient Greek painting survives, their understanding of the effect of light modelling can still be seen in the late 4th century BC mosaics of Pella, Macedonia, in particular the Deer Hunt, in the House of the Abduction of Helen, inscribed gnosis epoesen, or ‘knowledge did it’. They also survived in rather crude standardized form in Byzantine art and were refined again in the Middle Ages to become standard by the early fifteenth-century in painting and manuscript illumination in Italy and Flanders, and then spread to all Western art. The Raphael painting illustrated, with light coming from the left, demonstrates both delicate modelling chiaroscuro to give volume to the body of the model, and also strong chiaroscuro in the more common sense in the contrast between the well-lit model and the very dark background of foliage. However, to further complicate matters, the compositional chiaroscuro of the contrast between model and background would probably not be described using this term, as the two elements are almost completely separated. The term is mostly used to describe compositions where at least some principal elements of the main composition show the transition between light and dark, as in the Baglioni and Geertgen tot Sint Jans paintings illustrated above and below. Chiaroscuro modelling is now taken for granted, but had some opponents; the English portrait miniaturist Nicholas Hilliard cautioned in his treatise on painting against all but the minimal use we see in his works, reflecting the views of his patron Queen Elizabeth I of England:”seeing that best to show oneself needeth no shadow of place but rather the open light…Her Majesty..chose her place to sit for that purpose in the open alley of a goodly garden, where no tree was near, nor any shadow at all…” In drawings and prints hatching, or shading by


Which fruit is used to flavour the liqueur 'Triple Sec'?

Triple Sec and Other Orange Liqueur Options and Recipes Back bar with liqueur bottles.  Maria Pereira Photography / Moment / Getty Images Updated November 23, 2016. Of all of the liqueurs used in cocktails, you will find that orange liqueurs are used most often and that makes them essential for a well-stocked bar . There are many orange liqueurs available today and the list is continually growing. Triple sec, curaçao, Cointreau, and Grand Marnier are the names you will see most often in recipes, though some simply list orange liqueur as an ingredient. With all of these options, how does one know which liqueur to use? What are the difference and can one be substituted for another? These are tricky questions and orange liqueur is possibly one of the most confusing categories in distilled spirits, so I will do my best to help with this dilemma. The Orange Liqueur Confusion The story behind orange liqueurs is as diluted in conflicting stories as the origins of the Martini and Margarita . continue reading below our video Make a Cable Car Cocktail It is a topic that many modern cocktail experts continue to debate, research, and attempt to track down. Even the exact definitions of each of the main categories are up for debate. One of the better attempts at explaining this issue has been done by Jay Hepburn on the blog Oh Gosh!. From my own research, I agree with his 'conclusions' in the article A Short History of Orange Liqueur . Instead of repeating what is written so well, here are the main points of distinguishing orange liqueurs from one another: Curaçao - (also curaçoa) This liqueur originated on the Caribbean island of the same name. It is believed that when the Spanish planted orange trees there the climate produced a far more bitter fruit that was found to be better after drying and eventually the dried peels were used in making this new liquor. The Dutch company Bols has one claim to being the first to produce curaçao. Curaçao was also used in classic cocktails such as the Brandy Cocktail as a sweetener prior to the popularity of vermouth and drier cocktails. Around the turn of the 20th century, curaçao producers began selling the spirit in a variety of colors. Today it can be found in orange, blue, and (rarely) green, with the blue version being one of the most common ways to create blue cocktails . See Page 4 for cocktails that call for these liqueurs specifically. Which Orange Liqueur Should I Use? This is a loaded question and, quite honestly, there is no correct answer the majority of the time. Some cocktails work best with the darker Grand Marnier while others may be best with the crisp aspect of a premium curaçao. There are many drinkers who have their own personal preferences as well. Many cocktail recipes will suggest a particular orange liqueur, sometimes using the generic name of triple sec or curaçao and sometimes referring to a specific brand that has either been found to work well or one that is specific to a marketing campaign. When choosing the orange liqueur to use, you may want to keep the following in mind: Keep both a light and dark based orange liqueur in your bar stock. The most common premium choices would be Cointreau (light) and Grand Marnier (dark), though there are other brands that are equal in quality to both. When substituting, try to retain that same light or dark base as the recipe calls for. A cheap orange liqueur (yes, I'm thinking of those $5 triple secs again) can ruin an otherwise perfect cocktail. If you have a favorite orange liqueur and a new recipe that calls for a different liqueur, give your favorite a try. It is likely to be just as good, if not more pleasing to you. In general, when left with no other guide than 'orange liqueur' I tend, to begin with, a theory of using light orange liqueurs in cocktails with similarly light flavored ingredients and dark orange liqueurs in darker cocktails. For instance, in gin, rum, and tequila cocktails I may begin with a curaçao while in cocktails with brandy or whiskey I would start out with Grand Marnier. This is not always the best opti


What is the Italian name for the painting technique that refers to the subtle blending of colours or tones so that there is no perceptible transition between them?

Enjoy history and geography in English! Enjoy history and geography in English! Click on the banner below to know more about it.   A Renaissance artist:  Leonardo da Vinci    (I452-1519) 15 03 2013 Leonardo da Vinci is seen as the perfect example of a man of Renaissance, that is to say he showed a great interest in every aspect of life. His skills range – from not-only being a great artist but also a successful inventor, architect, musician, botanist, mathematician and sportsman.   Self-portrait in red chalk , Royal Library of Turin  (Circa 1512 to 1515) Leonardo was born near Florence in 1452.  He attended school between the ages of five and 12 but seems to have found it unchallenging and spent much of his time drawing sketches. The quality of these drawings convinced his father that Leonardo should consider becoming a full time artist. He showed the sketches to Andrea del Verocchio, a well known artist in Florence, who agreed to take the 14 year old Leonardo as one of his apprentices. Verocchio was not only an artist but a gifted sculptor and goldsmith as well. He had a great influence on the young Leonardo. He is the one who insisted on Leonardo studying anatomy (the study of how the human body works) so that he could paint portraits and sculpt in a more realistic manner. Throughout his working life he dissected up to 30 bodies of both men and women of different ages. He drew images of the lung, heart, brain and various muscles. He had discovered that the heart included a number of valves but was unaware that it acted as a pump for the circulation of blood throughout the body. Among his great works of art are The Virgin on the Rocks (1494) and The Last Supper (1498) which is painted on the wall in the dining room of a monastery in Milan. Jn 1499 Ludovico Sforza lost control of Milan following a war with France, forcing Leonardo to leave the city in search of a new patron. Leonardo moved back to Florence. It was here that he painted his most famous painting — the Mora Lisa. It is believed that the Mona Lisa is a painting of the wife of a wealthy silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo, and that the painting was commissioned to celebrate the birth of their second child. The painting is famous because of its use of sfumato and the woman’s strange smile. She also seems to be looking at you from whichever angle you view the portrait. Sfumato is the Italian term for a painting technique which overlays translucent layers of colour to create perceptions of depth, volume and form. In particular, it refers to the blending of colours or tones so subtle  (/ˈsʌt l/ Pronunciation[suht-l]) that there is no perceptible transition. If you want to know more about this great Man, visit the following website: http://www.drawingsofleonardo.org/


With which fruit is the liqueur 'Creme de Cassis' made?

Homemade Crème de Cassis - Imbibe Magazine Photo by Stuart Mullenberg Homemade Crème de Cassis Soaked in a strong spirit and then sweetened, currants transform into crème de cassis—an irresistible fruit liqueur essential to cocktails like the Kir Royale and El Diablo. This recipe, inspired by the house formula at Washington D.C.’s Black Jack bar, combines black and red currants, neutral spirit and rich syrup for a sublime liqueur that bottles up fresh-fruit flavors you can sip long after summer has passed. Ingredients 1 heaping cup red currants, picked over and rinsed 2 heaping cups black currants, picked over and rinsed 750 ml. high-proof neutral spirit 2 cups cane sugar In a large bowl muddle or mash the berries until pulpy. Step 2 Add the high-proof spirit and stir to combine. Cover with plastic wrap and let rest for 24 hours at room temperature. Step 3 Uncover and lightly mash the mixture again. Replace the plastic wrap and move to the refrigerator. Let infuse for 7 to 10 days, until the mixture takes on a deep magenta hue and defined berry taste. Step 4 Strain through a cheesecloth-lined chinois into a large glass jar. Step 5 In a medium saucepan, make a rich syrup with the sugar and water. Stir until the sugar dissolves, remove from the heat and let cool. Add the cooled syrup to the jar and stir to combine. Cover and keep refrigerated for up to 3 months. Tip Adapt this recipe to your tastes and the ingredients you have on hand. You can use all black currants, swap in thawed, previously frozen fruit, or adjust the level of sweetness by adding more or less simple syrup. Also, you can adjust the recipe depending on the amount of currants you have—simply infuse for a shorter period of time if you have more, and a longer period if less.


Which of the wives of Henry VIII was born on the outskirts of Dusseldorf in 1515?

1000+ images about Anne of Cleves b. 1515 on Pinterest | Queen anne, Lutheran and Portrait Forward Hever Castle- Henry VIII awarded Anne of Cleves the honorary title of ‘The King’s Sister’, £500 a year, a sufficient household and two houses. She was allowed to lease Hever, at an annual rent of £9-13s-3½d. Anne owned Hever Castle until her death in 1557 but it is not known how much time she spent at the Castle. However, there is a surviving letter written by Anne to Mary Tudor in 1554 signed ‘from my poore house of Hever’. See More


Who scored the only goal when Manchester United defeated Everton in the 1985 FA Cup Final?

FA Cup final: The greatest goal from the last 50 years voted by you - BBC Sport BBC Sport FA Cup final: The greatest goal from the last 50 years voted by you 27 May 2015 Read more about sharing. Saturday's FA Cup final between Arsenal and Aston Villa is the 134th in the competition's history Steven Gerrard's long-range goal against West Ham United in 2006 has come top in a vote to find the best FA Cup final goal from the last 50 years. Ahead of Saturday's Wembley showdown between Arsenal and Aston Villa, which will be shown live on the BBC, we wanted you to let us know which is your favourite final goal. And you voted Gerrard's strike ahead of Ricky Villa's famous finish for Tottenham against Manchester City in 1981. Third was Roberto Di Matteo's goal for Chelsea against Middlesbrough in 1997. Find out how you voted and watch all 10 goals below (UK only). 10th: (2.1%) 1991 - Stuart Pearce for Nottingham Forest v Tottenham Media playback is not supported on this device FA Cup: 50 memorable goals - Pearce's superb free-kick The only free-kick in the top 10, and it came after a foul that is perhaps as famous as the goal itself. Tottenham's Paul Gascoigne brought down Gary Charles, causing damage to his own knee ligaments that would keep him out of the game for almost a year. Left-back Pearce stepped up to thunder a left-foot rocket past Erik Thorstvedt into the top corner, but Spurs went on to win 2-1 with Des Walker scoring an extra-time own goal. 9th: (3.8%) 2001 - Michael Owen for Liverpool v Arsenal Media playback is not supported on this device FA Cup: 50 memorable goals - Michael Owen's solo effort This winning goal was half of a memorable brace from Owen in the first FA Cup final at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium while Wembley was being rebuilt. The Gunners led 1-0 through Freddie Ljungberg but 21-year-old England striker Owen equalised with seven minutes left with an acrobatic finish. And in the 88th minute he entered FA Cup folklore as he chased a Patrik Berger long ball, beat Lee Dixon and Tony Adams and fired a left-footed finish into the bottom corner. 8th: (3.8%*) 1981 - Steve MacKenzie for Manchester City v Tottenham Media playback is not supported on this device Steve MacKenzie's 1981 FA Cup final goal The England Under-21 midfielder was only a teenager when he scored one of the defining goals of his career. After Spurs failed to clear a free-kick, Tommy Hutchison headed the ball across to MacKenzie, who hit a spectacular first-time volley from outside the box to make it 1-1 in the replay at Wembley. But it may not even have been the best goal of the game... "One of the tragedies of Ricky Villa's winner was Steve MacKenzie's goal," Micky Hazard, who was at Spurs at the time, told BBC Radio 5 live. "It was a great goal but it got lost and hardly got a mention." * Although MacKenzie and Owen polled the same percentage of votes, Owen received more votes. 7th: (4.4%) 1987 - Keith Houchen for Coventry v Tottenham Media playback is not supported on this device FA Cup: 50 memorable goals - Keith Houchen's diving header The Middlesbrough-born forward scored the only header on our list - and what a header it was. With the Sky Blues losing 2-1, Dave Bennett's perfect cross was met by a Houchen diving header to steer the ball past Ray Clemence and send the game into extra time. Gary Mabbutt - who had earlier scored in the right net - later put the ball past his own keeper as Coventry won the only major trophy in their history. 6th: (6.6%) 1971 - Charlie George for Arsenal v Liverpool The long-haired midfielder scored an extra-time winner as Arsenal wrapped up a league and cup Double with a 2-1 victory. Media playback is not supported on this device Top 50 FA Cup goals: George in extra time After a goalless 90 minutes, Liverpool led through Steve Heighway but Eddie Kelly levelled things up. With nine minutes remaining, a visibly drained George smashed a superb 20-yard shot past Liverpool keeper Ray Clemence before collapsing to the ground with his arms outstretched in celebration. 5th: (8.3%) 2002 - Ray Parlour for Arsenal


Which pre-Socratic philosopher, born in the city of Miletus in the 7th century BC, is regarded as 'The Father of Science' and the first modern western philosopher?

thales of miletus | Tumblr thales of miletus Loading... Show more notes Reblog Ernst Wallis’ 1875 illustration of Thales of Miletus, a Greek philosopher who lived in the 6th century BC. Thales was among the first to study static electricity by making serveral observations that charge is generated by rubbing lodestone on amber. Reblog Classical Philosophers: Thales of Miletus Often regarded as the first Greek philosopher and one of the most popular pre-Socratics, not much is known about Thales of Miletus’ life. But he was believed to have been born sometime in the 7th century BCE, and to have been from the Greek colony of Miletus (located in present-day Turkey). However, his philosophy has been preserved over the years, as well as tales of his scientific exploits. (I am not going to be getting into his scientific works and astronomical observations here, but he was said to have predicted a solar eclipse.) Thales is credited as being the first Greek philosopher to question what made up the universe. Most of what we know of him comes from Aristotle, who said that Thales believed the first principle of matter was water. Basically, this means that Water was the first and primary element from which all matter was made. This would be possible, in theory, because water can take many forms (steam, liquid water, ice) which, in differing combinations/amounts, may create everything else (even earth or fire, according to Thales). An idea put forward by Aristotle as a reason Thales may have made this theory was the observation that moisture is an inherent part of living beings, and is necessary for their livelihoods. Furthermore, Thales was said to have believed that the Earth itself floated upon water. This idea could have come from knowledge of wood floating on water, or certain islands in the Mediterranean which floated due to low-density stones, such as pumice. An interesting facet to these theories is the conspicuous lack of speech about the gods. Even (or perhaps especially) for someone who studied natural phenomena, relation of observations and theories to the gods would be commonplace and added without thought for most philosophers in ancient Greece (see: Socrates stating that of course heavenly bodies are gods, we ALL know that). Yet Thales chose not to include the gods in his theories, leaving them out both because they were not necessary to explain these phenomena, and in conscious denial of what was accepted as common knowledge at the time. This is why, although Aristotle later credited Thales with the belief that “all things are full of gods,” this was probably seen even then to be false, and today scholars believe it is likely that such a theory was prescribed by Plato, but attributed to Thales to give it more authority. This attribution of popular ideas to singular figures was common in Classical times, and was repeated with Hippocrates (if it’s about medicine, it’s by him), Hesiod (if it’s didactic, it’s by him), and others. Thales’ theories, then, are all the more interesting for their lack of inclusion of the gods and strict adherence to observable facts. For some, then, Thales is seen not only as the father of Western natural philosophy but of science and mathematics as well.* *(This is a major oversight, however, given the great exploits of the Egyptians both mathematically and scientifically long before, even if one were to only include the innovations of those in the Western hemisphere.) Reblog Thales of Miletus - Scientist of the Day On May 28, 585 BC, there was a total eclipse of the sun that was visible over the Mediterranean area. It is a historically interesting eclipse, because the Medes and the Lydians were engaged in a battle at the time near the Halys River in what is now modern Turkey. They had been at war for five years, and the eclipse was seen by both sides as an omen; a truce was declared, and the war was over. This is one of the earliest historical events that we can date to a particular day, because it is tied to an astronomical event that can be calculated with great precision. The eclipse is als


In which German city are the headquarters of the car maker BMW?

German Cars - Leaders In The Automobile World German Cars — Leaders In The Automobile World Without a doubt, Germany with its German cars is one of the leading automobile havens in the world. It is a country that has produced many firsts, like the four stroke engine invented by Nikolaus August Otto in 1876 among others. Germany doesn’t fall short with car manufacturing either, with close to 10 million cars produced every year with almost 1 million people employed. From Audi , BMW , and Porsche to Mercedes Benz (also known as Daimler) and Volkswagen — all of these companies have factories scattered throughout the world and even more happy fans to boot. Audi The first line of German cars under discussion is Audi. Headquartered in Ingolstadt , it is owned by the Volkswagen Group and has been doing extremely well with European sales. Audi is widely considered to have the best build quality of all commercial auto manufacturers, with record sales figures coming from half of its 50 major sales markets in 2004. Following increases in sales in different world regions, Audi has responded by building dealerships in these areas and expanding its brand. BMW Another major German cars brand is the BMW (outspoken: Bayerische Motorenwerke), which is located in Munich (München) . Known as the “Ultimate Driving Machine” in the United States, the company was founded by Karl Rapp in 1913. Originally, BMW was intended to be an aircraft manufacturer until it secured a contract to build V12 engines. Today, after countless design changes, it can safely say it belongs in the same class as the other luxury German cars like Mercedes Benz and Porsche. It is known to be cheaper than its counterparts as well, manufacturing everything from compact I series vehicles to the fancy 5, 6, and 7 series. Porsche Another bona fide German automobile company is the immortal Porsche series, whose Headquarters are locate in Stuttgart . Known as amongst some of the finest cars in the world, it has crafted a niche as a racing car king, with more than 190 cars built for racing events alone in 2006. From the 24 Hour Nürburgring race in June (one of Germany’s largest motorsport events) to the American Le Mans Series with races in Long Beach, Houston, and St. Petersburg, Russia – Porsche always delivers in the racing department. Plus, it was Ferdinand Porsche that came up with the VW Beetle prototype. Mercedes Benz One of the largest car manufacturer worldwide is also located in Sindelfingen , Germany, named Mercedes Benz, also known as Daimler. Daimler is well-known as producing cars with the longest life span. It is very common to drive a Mercedes Benz for 20+ years. Volkswagen (VW) Volkswagen, located in Wolfsburg, is another large car manufacturer and employer in Germany, producing cars all around the world. The world famous Käfer became a national symbol for the industrialization in the years after World War II . Its follower, Beetle, is as well a symbol for freedom, joy, and happiness. — All of the aforementioned cars speak volumes over Germany’s influence in the racing world. From the BMW to the Audi, Germany will continue to remain one of the premier racing and driving destinations in the world. ;-)


The Halogens are Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine and which other element?

What are the Halogens in the Periodic Table? - Quora Quora Daniel James Berger , PhD in organic chemistry The elements in Group 17 of the periodic table  ( The Old fashioned name for Group 17 is Group VII ) are known collectively as The Halogens. They are the elements Fluorine, ( atomic number 9 ),  Chlorine, ( atomic number 17 ), Bromine ( atomic number 35 ), Iodine ( atomic number 53 ), Astatine  ( atomic number 85 ), and a newly discovered element not yet given a name, that has an atomic number of 117, ( Discovered in 2010). However both Astatine and Element No. 117 are too radioactive to be made in quantities that can be weighed. They are man made elements that have very short half lives;  so decay into other elements before one has the chance to make any of their compounds. So in most laboratories Halogen chemistry is essentially about the study of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine & Iodine. The word Halogen was coined in 1842 by the Swedish Chemist Berzelius ( 1779 - 1848 ). It is a made up Swedish word which literally means "Salt producer" in Swedish. A name in keeping with the reactive nature of these elements. Lots of Halogen salts are known. Eg. Sodium chloride. Potassium fluoride. Sodium Bromide.  These elements are all members of the same group, because all of their atoms have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell or orbit. Group 17 elements all have 7 electrons in their outermost orbit.  The Periodic Table highlighting Group 17. Fluorine As mentioned previously fluorine has an atomic number of 9. This means that an atom of fluorine will have in addition to 9 protons in the nucleus of its atom, it will have a total of 9 electrons orbiting its nucleus. An individual  proton always has a charge of +1 and an individual electron always has a charge of -1. We have 9 protons in an atom of fluorine each having a charge of +1, plus 9 electrons in that same atom orbiting the nucleus of that atom. ( +1 X 9 ) + (-1 X 9 ) = 0.  So the atom is electrically neutral. This is true for all neutral atoms of fluorine. The 9 electrons are arranged in 2 shells or orbit.  2 of the 9 electrons orbit in the 1st shell or orbit. The remaining 7 electrons orbit in a larger shell. The 7 electrons in the outermost orbit of all Halogens are the electrons that participate in chemical reactions. During chemical reactions the number of electrons in the outermost orbit can go up or down. Up to a max of 8, and down to 0 ( in theory ). Compare with  Na+1 or with Li+1  Written Feb 7, 2016 The halogens are the family of chemical elements that includes fluorine (atomic symbol F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). The halogens make up Group VIIA of the Periodic Table of the elements. Elemental halogens are diatomic molecules. However, due to their high reactivity, the halogens are never found in nature in native form. The family name means "salt-forming," from the Greek for salt, "hals", and for generating "genes". The salinity of the oceans on Earth is due in large part to such halogen salts (halides) as sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium iodide (KI). Halogens display physical and chemical properties typical of nonmetals. They have relatively low melting and boiling points that increase steadily down the group. Near room temperature, the halogens span all of the physical states: Fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid. All of the elements are colored, with the color becoming more intense moving down the group. Fluorine gas is pale yellow, and chlorine gas is a yellowish green. Liquid bromine and its vapors are brownish red. Solid iodine appears as shiny, dark gray crystals, and the vapors are a deep purple. The halogens are poor thermal and electrical conductors in all phases, and as solids they are brittle and crumbly. The halogens have distinctive, unpleasant odors, will burn exposed flesh, and are toxic. The neutral atoms of the halogens possess seven outer electrons. An additional electron can be added to halogen atoms to form singly charged negative ions. These ions


Which Greek philosopher, born in the ancient town of Elea in the 56th century BC, was described by Aristotle as 'The Inventor Of Dialect' but is best known for his paradoxes?

Greek Philosophers Greek Philosophers PHILOSOPHERS THE PRINCIPLE OF PHILOSOPHY IS ADMIRING Pythagoras was the first to use the name Philosophy, and named himself as a Philosopher. The Greek Philosophy is the oldest one, and it was born by Orfeus in Thrace and Linos in Thebes. The next Philosopher was Mousseos in Athens, who had written about Theogony and the Sphere. The Philosophy that had started by Pythagoras was named Italian, because the Philosopher was mainly teaching in Italy. The Philosophy that had started by Anaximandrus was named Ionian, because his teacher, Thalis, was from Ionia, Milytos. Philosophy is divided in three parts: the Natural, the Ethical, and the Dialectic. The ethical Philosophy started with Socrates. For this Philosophy were ten schools:Academic, Kyrinean, Eliac, Megaric, Cynical, Eretris, Dialectic, Peripatitiki, Stoic, and Epicouria. PHILOSOPHER IS THE ONE LOVES WISDOM   Croton approx. 500 B.C. A Crotonean Pythagorean philosopher, physicist and doctor. He was taught personally but Pythagoras himself, and he is one of the few lucky that got to know the great master and have a close relationship with him. In order to show the limited view of human knowledge he points out early in his book that while Gods have a clear view of the visible and invisible world, people can only suppose and come to conclusions through their observations. It is obvious that in his long lost –except a few extracts- book, he wanted to talk about the visible world, rather than the invisible. As a result his ideas concerned the areas of medicine, physiology and psychology. Alkmeon was the first to recognize the human brain as the main organ connecting all of the human senses. The difference between humans and animals is that while animals just fell, people can rationalize and understand. His interest in medicine and physiology led him to express some remarkable ideas concerning health and sickness. He states that health, is harmony of the several forces affecting the body, the equality of rights inside the body of liquid, dry, hot, cold, bitter, sweet etc, but when one of them takes full control, sickness is born. Health is the symmetrical mixture of the different qualities inside us. The living body is a system where the basic forces that it consists of should be equal to their opposites and when that happens, the system works in harmony. Harmony is affected when a force gains power over her normal measures. Sickness is the disharmony created because of that. Healing as a result consists of balancing the disturbed equilibrium. Alkmeon also tried to give a reasonable explanation of ageing and death of organisms. He explained the course of the body through the time, and towards death, as the consequence of a series of constant internal changes. Each living organism lives a linear course of life, not a circular one, but a straight line towards the end of death. It is by similar case that he tried to prove the immortality of the soul. If the body is perished duo to his straight limited course, the celestial bodies are immortal because they move in a constant, eternal circle. Taking the sun as the best example of a seemingly endless circular eternal movement, we can understand Alkmeon’s teaching that the soul is immortal, moving constantly like the sun. Aeschylus Militos 611 - 546 B.C. A famous wise man of Ancient Greece, possibly a pupil of his fellow citizen Thales. According to some ancient writers, Anaximandrus invented the solar clock, using the sun and a shadow to calculate time. As Herodotus mentions that this instrument came to Greece from Babylon, it is a possibility than Anaximandrus perfected it and made it known. It is also said that he mad the first geographical map where Earth was depicted in the shape of a cylinder. He was the first Greek philosopher who put down his opinions and thoughts written in a book using prose, and the first who inserted the term «Αρχη», the Greek word for principle, a term well used in philosophy ever since. He thought that the “Infinite” was the origin of everything, a vast and interm


In which German city are the headquarters of the car maker Mercedes-Benz?


The Noble gases are Helium, Neon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon and which other element?

Universal Industrial Gases, Inc...Rare Gases - Neon, Krypton, Xenon Properties, Uses, Applications Interesting Facts and Information about the "Rare Gases":   The so-called "rare" gases Neon    (Ne), Krypton (Kr)    and Xenon (Xe), are present in air in very low concentrations.  Like    the other "noble" or "inert" gases, helium (He), argon (Ar) and    radon (Rn), Neon, Krypton    and Xenon remain in the air because they do not combine with other    materials to form solid or liquid compounds. All of these gases are  monatomic.  Neon, Krypton    and Xenon are valued for their light emitting properties when electrically    charged.  Krypton and Xenon are also valued for their total inertness coupled with high molecular    weight (83.80 and 131.30, respectively).  Krypton and Xenon are about    two to three times as heavy as argon (molecular weight 39.95)  and    approximately three to four times as heavy as nitrogen (molecular weight    28.0) which is used as in inert gas in many applications, but is not a    true inert gas. These properties are put to good use in multi-pane windows    to reduce heat loss due to convection between the panes; and in light    bulbs, where their high molecular weight slows evaporation of the hot    tungsten filament, leading to longer useful operating life.  Krypton    and Xenon have also been considered for a more exotic application - as the    propulsion gas for deep space exploration using ion engines.  Neon, Krypton and Xenon can be economically recovered by adding     additional purification steps in large air separation plants or ammonia     production plants (which use large amounts of air as a raw material).  The boiling point of Neon is     significantly lower than nitrogen (lower than all the gases except     helium and hydrogen). It can be used as a very low temperature working     fluid in refrigeration cycles.  Neon can be recovered from large nitrogen plants as well as multi-product air     separation units.  Krypton and Xenon have higher     boiling points than oxygen, from which they can be separated by     distillation in air separation plants.  When these products are     recovered from ammonia plant purge gas, the neon must be separated from     hydrogen and nitrogen, and the krypton and xenon from methane.       All of the naturally inert or "noble" gases are members of "Group 18" of the Periodic    Table.          Group 18     materials have a complete outermost electron shell; the "valence" shell    that is highly involved in the formation of compounds.  Moving    down the Periodic Table from Helium, to Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and    Radon, the valence shells are located further from the nucleus, above the    previous element's valence shell.  Helium has two valence electrons,    the other noble gases have eight.     Rare Gases Applications and Uses for Neon (Ne), Krypton (Kr)    and Xenon (Xe):   Lighting: Neon is     commonly recognized as the gas that produces the glow in "neon" lights (which often contain other gases as well).  Neon's natural red color can be turned into a wide range of effective     decorative lighting colors by mixing neon with other gases, by using colored glass tubes or     by depositing fluorescent powder coatings inside the glass tubes. Neon is also used     to produce a red glow in     indicator lamps and lasers. Krypton is     used in halogen sealed beam headlights to increase light output by     allowing thinner filaments to be used with acceptable useful lifetimes.     Krypton is     also used in in lasers, in particular mixed with     fluorine to create an "excimer" mixture that is a precursor to a molecule which exists in the excited state but not in the ground     state.  In excimer lasers, the gas mixture is pulsed to form     short-lived excited molecules which release energy by light emission as     th