Which stately home in Derbyshire formed the backdrop to the famous historical romance between Dorothy Vernon and Sir John Manners ?

Haddon Hall: An Elizabethan Love Story That Shocked Society Haddon Hall: An Elizabethan Love Story That Shocked Society by JoHarrington When the heiress of Haddon Hall eloped with her lover, Elizabethan society held its collective breath. What would Sir George, Baron Vernon, do now? It reads like a Derbyshire Romeo and Juliet story - two families, following two different religions in the hothouse of the Elizabethan aristocracy. But would it end the same? Sir John Manners was the resourceful second son of the Earl of Rutland.  Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall was the youngest daughter of Baron Vernon. One was Catholic and the other Protestant. Her father did not approve. So the couple took it upon themselves to control their own destiny with a famous moonlit flit. Packhorse Bridge Across the River Wye As viewed from the grounds of Derbyshire's Haddon Hall, the route down those stairs and over that bridge has been a subject of romantic imaginings since 1563. Price info Sir George Vernon: The King of the Peak A wealthy and influential Derbyshire landowner, Baron Vernon also had strong ties at court. But he had no male heir to his estate and titles. Tudor aristocrats appear to stride larger than life from the history books, and Baron Vernon was no exception.  Sir George was nicknamed The King of the Peak during his life-time, because of his lavish life-style and tyrannical discipline.  He seemed to own half of Derbyshire, at least as far as the Peak District was concerned; but also parts of Shropshire, Cheshire and Westmorland too.  Those in favor with him would find themselves in the receiving hand of his great generosity.  They could be invited to huge, extravagant banquets and balls.  He never stinted on ordering the best of anything, but he had the wealth to support it. Yet those without power, nor recourse to a voice, had much reason to fear Baron Vernon.  There are three separate occasions on record, where he ordered people hanged on charges amounting to mere accusation.  He didn't believe in trials for the little people. Sir George was known in royal quarters too.  Henry VIII made him a baron; and he was present at the coronation of Edward VI.  There he added the 'Sir' to his name, when the boy king made him a knight of the realm.  But Sir George was no friend to Catholic Mary Tudor.  When she attempted to enforce a loan of £100 from all the aristocrats in England, he refused to pay the money.  His seat at Haddon Hall, near Bakewell, remained resolutely Protestant, even as Queen Mary tried to return her nation back to Catholicism. Thomas Bentham, Bishop of Coventry, and leader of the Protestant Underground during those times, called Baron Vernon, 'a great justice [in] religion as in all other things'.  It all paid off, once Queen Elizabeth I took the throne.  Now Sir George was considered a very loyal and noble subject in his staunch Protestantism. Yet that unwavering, hardline stance posed a bit of a problem for his daughter.   Dorothy Vernon fell in love with a Catholic. View on Amazon Margaret & Dorothy Vernon: The End of the Family Name No Tudor nobleman wanted just daughters. King Henry VIII himself married six times in pursuit of a son to inherit all. But Baron Vernon had only girls. Poster Sir George Vernon had two daughters, but no male heir.  This was an issue from his point of view, as it meant that his family name died with him.  When his wife Margaret Talboys died, in 1558, Baron Vernon quickly married a woman thirty years his junior.   But his hope that Matilda 'Maude' Longford would give him a son came to nothing. They had no children at all.  Thus Sir George had to resign himself to the fact that, though his bloodline would go on, it wouldn't be under the name of Vernon. Contrary to the story later told in a myriad of movies, operettas and novels, his eldest daughter Margaret was married way before Dorothy's romantic drama.  She became the wife of Sir Thomas Stanley, the second son of the Earl of Derby, in 1553; and she was no longer living at Haddon Hall. According to popular legend, it was durin


Curacao, off the Venezuelan coast, is a constituent country of which European kingdom ?

TrustCor | About | Curaçao About Curaçao TrustCor is a Panamanian registered company, with technical operations in Curaçao – one of the most secure, privacy oriented jurisdictions in the world. We spent significant time and money researching secure jurisdictions and determined traditional safe havens, such as Switzerland and Luxembourg, did not even come close to the privacy protection offered by Curaçao’s strict privacy laws. The Privacy Acts of Curaçao The Privacy Acts require compliance with the following four principles with regards to personal data: OBJECTIVE: Any storage and use of personal data must be in accordance with a clearly stated and justified objective. Personal data may not be stored and used for time periods that exceed meeting those specified objectives. ADEQUATE, PURPOSE ORIENTED, NOT EXESSIVE AND ACCURATE: Personal data is subject to the above requirements which shall be observed by the suppliers and the processors of the data. TRANSPARENCY AND RIGHT TO CORRECTION: Personal data is subject to transparency towards the consumers (data subjects). Consumers must be informed that their personal data is used with disclosure of the purpose. The consumer has the right to, and must be given possibilities to, object to the way in which the data is collected if he/she is of the opinion that the collection and use of his/her personal data is not in accordance with applicable laws. (article 13 EVRM). The expenses involved for the consumer to have is objections heard shall not be excessive, and he/she must be able to direct him/herself to the Data Protection Board (College Bescherming Persoonsgegevens). DUE CARE: Personal data shall be supplied, processed and used in accordance with the laws and shall at all time be subject to principles of fairness and due care (article 6 LvBP/ WBP BES). Curaçao's Privacy Act Personal Data Protection Act of Curaçao On October 1st, 2013 the regulation for the processing of personal data entered into force in Curaçao. The Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) sets rules for the protection of personal data in relation to the recording and provision of personal data. Whereas Privacy Acts are currently becoming part of the local laws in Curaçao and the BES Islands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba), and are largely based on the principles in the laws of the Netherlands, such laws have already been adopted in the Netherlands many years ago and generally follow the principles established in the EU Privacy Directive of 1995 (Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data). Personal data encompasses all information that (could) disclose information directly tied to a natural person (“consumer”, or “data subject”). Such as the person’s characteristics, opinions or (payment) behavior. To evaluate whether data is “Personal Data”, the extent to which such data could be a factor in the way the person would be judged or treated in the community must be considered. Because the data that is stored by private communication company, such as TrustCor, could cause certain judgments about the consumer, we must adhere to the local Privacy Acts while storing and processing personal data. In accordance with the Privacy Acts, the confidentiality and specified and limited distribution of the personal data must be ensured. The local Privacy Acts in Curaçao and the BES islands form the legal framework in which TrustCor operates. The Privacy Acts stipulate the boundaries within which the personal data which are submitted by the members are allowed to be stored, processed and shared. In addition, as part of the registration process, security protocols, the general terms and conditions and the credit application procedures, as well as requirements of the local banking laws (for the bank members) must be complied with. Privacy in Curaçao Article 12 of the constitution of Curaçao (Staatsregeling van het Land Curaçao, A.B. 2010, 86) describes the right of each indi


In which year did Napoelon's troops capture Moscow ?

Napoleon enters Moscow - Sep 14, 1812 - HISTORY.com Napoleon enters Moscow Publisher A+E Networks One week after winning a bloody victory over the Russian army at the Battle of Borodino, Napoleon Bonaparte’s Grande Armée enters the city of Moscow, only to find the population evacuated and the Russian army retreated again. Moscow was the goal of the invasion, but the deserted city held no czarist officials to sue for peace and no great stores of food or supplies to reward the French soldiers for their long march. Then, just after midnight, fires broke out across the city, apparently set by Russian patriots, leaving Napoleon’s massive army with no means to survive the coming Russian winter. In 1812, French Emperor Napoleon I was still at the height of his fortunes. The Peninsular War against Britain was a thorn in the side of his great European empire, but he was confident that his generals would soon triumph in Spain. All that remained to complete his “Continental System”–a unilateral European blockade designed to economically isolate Britain and force its subjugation–was the cooperation of Russia. After earlier conflict, Napoleon and Alexander I kept a tenuous peace, but the Russian czar was unwilling to submit to the Continental System, which was ruinous to the Russian economy. To intimidate Alexander, Napoleon massed his forces in Poland in the spring of 1812, but still the czar resisted. On June 24, Napoleon ordered his Grande Armée, the largest European military force ever assembled to that date, into Russia. The enormous army featured more than 500,000 soldiers and staff and included contingents from Prussia, Austria, and other countries under the sway of the French empire. Napoleon’s military successes lay in his ability to move his armies rapidly and strike quickly, but in the opening months of his Russian invasion he was forced to be content with a Russian army in perpetual retreat. The fleeing Russian forces adopted a “scorched earth” strategy, seizing or burning any supplies that the French might pillage from the countryside. Meanwhile, Napoleon’s supply lines became overextended as he advanced deeper and deeper into the Russian expanse. Many in the czarist government were critical of the Russian army’s refusal to engage Napoleon in a direct confrontation. Under public pressure, Alexander named General Mikhail Kutuzov supreme commander in August, but the veteran of earlier defeats against Napoleon continued the retreat. Finally, Kutuzov agreed to halt at the town of Borodino, about 70 miles west of Moscow, and engage the French. The Russians built fortifications, and on September 7 the Grande Armée attacked. Napoleon was uncharacteristically cautious that day; he didn’t try to outflank the Russians, and he declined to send much-needed reinforcements into the fray. The result was a bloody and narrow victory and another retreat by the Russian army. Although disturbed by the progress of the campaign, Napoleon was sure that once Moscow was taken Alexander would be forced to capitulate. On September 14, the French entered a deserted Moscow. All but a few thousand of the city’s 275,000 people were gone. Napoleon retired to a house on the outskirts of the city for the night, but two hours after midnight he was informed that a fire had broken out in the city. He went to the Kremlin, where he watched the flames continue to grow. Strange reports began to come in telling of Russians starting the fires and stoking the flames. Suddenly a fire broke out within the Kremlin, apparently set by a Russian military policeman who was immediately executed. With the firestorm spreading, Napoleon and his entourage were forced to flee down burning streets to Moscow’s outskirts and narrowly avoided being asphyxiated. When the flames died down three days later, more than two-thirds of the city was destroyed. In the aftermath of the calamity, Napoleon still hoped Alexander would ask for peace. In a letter to the czar he wrote: “My lord Brother. Beautiful, magical Moscow exists no more. How could you consign to destruction the loveliest ci


Indonesia, About Indonesia Bisnis Indonesia, Bali Post, Serambi, Pikiran Rakyat, Media Indonesia Places to Visit: Bali, Jakarta, Lombok, Bohorok Orang-utan Viewing Centre, Borobudur, Gunung Kawi, Kelimutu, Lore Lindu National Park and many others. Transport: Enter the region of Indonesia through Jakarta and Bali. Most of the airlines ply from Jakarta whereas Bali being the tourist capital attracts a lot of traffic. One may find Departure tax applied from Jakarta and Denpasar. Choose the land crossing from Entikong, Kalimantan and Sarawak; from Motoain and from Jayapura or Sentani to Vanimo in PNG. Take a ferry ride to the region from Penang to Medan or opt for speedboats travelling from Kalimantan to Sabah in Malaysia. Shopping: Batik cloth, silverwork, woven baskets, hats, bamboo articles, woodcarvings,sculpture,krises (small daggers), paintings and woven cloth. The Indonesia Republic consists of nearly of 18,110 islands within the province of South East Asia, which stands as the world's largest archipelagic state. Being the fourth most populous country in the world the area has a majority count of Muslim population in the locality. Being a unitary state the place maintains unity in diversity as quite a lot of ethnic, and religious groups thrive within the area. Take a stunning journey to the exciting topographies echoing with enshrouded misty volcanoes, majestic mountains, untouched rain forests, offshore breeze from the endless beaches, coral reefs, and fantastic variety of flora and fauna. Where is Indonesia Indonesia is a wonderful archipelago nestled in the midst of Asian peninsula along the South East area and Australia; while lying in the middle of Indian and Pacific Oceans. The province is enveloped by Malaysia along the island of Borneo, by Papua New Guinea along the province of New Guinea and East Timor along the island of Timor. Physical Map Of Indonesia The Indonesia province widens from the eastern region to the western front thereby covering an area of 5,120 kilometers, and stretches from the northern end till it reaches the southern region to about 1,760 kilometers, and stands in the 16 th position as far as the land area is concerned. Out of 18,108 islands present in Indonesia, comparatively 6,000 of it is occupied by inhabitants and the rest seems to be dotted roughly near the equator thereby bringing in a tropical kind of weather. The five chief islands of the region are: Java, Kalimantan (the Indonesian part of Borneo), Irian Jaya, and Sulawesi. The two other archipelago of the region is Nusa Tenggara and the Maluku Islands. The archipelago can be separated into several divisions namely: The Greater Sunda islands, The Smaller Sunda islands, and East Indonesia. The islands of Sumatra, Java (which was known as Madura), Kalimantan (formerly named as Borneo), and Sulawesi (called as Celebes previously) fall within the sector of Greater Sunda Islands. The Sulawesi seems to be a part of the Sunda Shelf that has extended from the Malay Peninsular region to the Southeast Asian region. Irian Jaya, which was previously called as Irian Barat or West New Guinea falls under the Sahul Shelf sector, is a part of the New Guinea Island. The Smaller Sunda Islands is comprised of Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Komodo, etc, which are even referred as Nusa Tenggara. The region is quietly placed in the boundary edges of the three tectonic plates, which includes the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian plates, that makes the area prone to earthquakes followed up with tsunamis. Indonesia is hit with about 66 volcanoes whereby the Krakatoa area nestled near Sumatra and Java, is prone to acute eruption. There are several mountain ranges within the region of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi, and Seram that spreads to an area of 3,000 to 3,800 meters above sea level. Jayawijaya Mountains and the Sudirman Mountains in Irian Jaya is the tallest elevated mountain within the area along with Puncak Jaya that is recognized as the highest peak. Mount Semeru and Mount Bromo in East Java are considered as the seismic peaks within the r


What type of animal is the South African dik-dik ?

1000+ images about antelope on Pinterest | Dik dik, Impalas and Africa Addax: At first glance, the addax brings to mind a large, long-horned goat. In fact it is an antelope, and an out-and-out desert specialist that is perfectly suited to the harsh conditions of the Sahara. See More


For which metal is Quicksilver another name ?

Quicksilver - definition of quicksilver by The Free Dictionary Quicksilver - definition of quicksilver by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/quicksilver Related to quicksilver: billabong , Roxy quick·sil·ver See mercury . adj. Unpredictable; mercurial: "a quicksilver character, cool and willful at one moment, utterly fragile the next" (Sven Birkerts). [Middle English, from Old English cwicseolfor, living silver (translation of Latin argentum vīvum) : cwic, cwicu, alive; see gwei- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + seolfor, silver; see silver.] quicksilver (Elements & Compounds) another name for mercury 1 adj rapid or unpredictable in movement or change: a quicksilver temper. [Old English, from cwicu alive + seolfer silver] quick•sil•ver [before 1000; Middle English qwyksilver, Old English cwicseolfor (translation Latin argentum vīvum) literally, living silver] quick′sil`ver•y, adj. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. quicksilver - a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures metal , metallic element - any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc. cinnabar - a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury calomel , mercurous chloride - a tasteless colorless powder used medicinally as a cathartic Adj. 1. quicksilver - liable to sudden unpredictable change; "erratic behavior"; "fickle weather"; "mercurial twists of temperament"; "a quicksilver character, cool and willful at one moment, utterly fragile the next" changeful , changeable - such that alteration is possible; having a marked tendency to change; "changeable behavior"; "changeable moods"; "changeable prices" Translations A. N → azogue m, mercurio m B. ADJ (fig) [moods, temperament] → inconstante , caprichoso quick (kwik) adjective 1. done, said, finished etc in a short time. a quick trip into town. vinnig سَريع бърз rápido chvatný, rychlý schnell hurtig γρήγορος , σύντομος rápido lühi-, kiir- سریع؛ تند pikainen rapide מהיר तेज brz gyors cepat snöggur, örstuttur, skyndi- veloce , rapido すばやい 단시간의 greitas, skubus ātrs; īss (laikā) cepat vlug rask , kjapp , hurtig szybki چټك، ګړندى: تيارسۍ: بيړګندى، په بيړه: حساس: ژر توليدوونكى rápido rapid быстрый; короткий chvatný, rýchly hiter brz snabb, hastig รวดเร็ว çabuk 快的，短暫的 швидкий مختصر وقت میں کیا یا کہا گیا mau chóng 快的 2. moving, or able to move, with speed. He's a very quick walker; I made a grab at the dog, but it was too quick for me. vinnig سَريع الحَرَكَه пъргав rápido rychlý schnell hurtig ταχύς , σβέλτος rápido kiire فرز nopea rapide מהיר , זריז फुर्तीला brz eleven, élénk, gyors cepat snöggur, snar veloce 速い 움직임이 빠른 greitas, vikrus ātrs; veikls cepat snel rask , fort , snar prędki چټك rápido rapid, iute скорый rýchly hiter brz snabb, rask, kvick ที่ว่องไว hızlı 快速的 прудкий تیز رفتار سے چلنا nhanh 快速的 3. doing something, able to do something, or done, without delay; prompt; lively. He is always quick to help; a quick answer; He's very quick at arithmetic. vinnig سَريع، ذَكي، حاد الذِّهْن схватлив rápido pohotový schnell hurtig; rap γρήγορος , άμεσος , εύστροφος rápido nobe سریع välitön rapide מהיר तेज brz, ažuran gyors cepat snöggur til veloce , pronto すばやい 신속한 greitas, nuovokus tūlītējs; bez kavēšanās cepat vlug kvikk , kjapp , oppvakt szybki , bystry چټك rápido rapid; ager проворный pohotový hiter brz snar, snabb ฉับไว çabuk 敏捷的，伶俐的 кмітливий; винахідливий فوری عمل giỏi; nhanh nhẹn 敏捷的，伶俐的 adverb quickly. quick-frozen food. vinnig سَريع، يَحْدُثُ بِسُرْعَه бързо rápido hned, rychle schnell hurtigt; rapt; lyn- γρήγορα de prisa , rápido , rápidamente kiir- به سرعت nopeasti vite מהיר फुर्ती से brzo gyorsan cepat fljótt velocemente 速く 급히 greitai ātri; strauji cepat snel- fort deg! ; skynd deg! ; rask på! szybko په بيړه، په چټكۍ rápido repede быстро , скорее rýchlo hitro brzo fort, snabbt อย่างรวดเร็ว çabuk , çabucak 快速地 швидко جلد nhanh 快速地 ˈquickly adverb vinnig بِسُرْعَه бързо rapida


What type of pie is particularly associated with American Thanksgiving dinners?

Thanksgiving, an American meal - LA Times Thanksgiving, an American meal Each region, even each family, has its traditional Thanksgiving dishes, without which the holiday seems incomplete. Kirk McKoy / Los Angeles Times Each region, even each family, has its traditional Thanksgiving dishes, without which the holiday seems incomplete. Each region, even each family, has its traditional Thanksgiving dishes, without which the holiday seems incomplete. (Kirk McKoy / Los Angeles Times) Charles Perry When Thanksgiving spread around the country in the mid-19th century, it was in the hope that holiday good feelings would heal the rift between North and South. So, the Thanksgiving menu had a certain amount of can't-we-all-get-together culinary nationalism to it. FOR THE RECORD: Thanksgiving dishes: In an article on Thanksgiving menus in the Nov. 18 Food section, the name of 19th century magazine editor Sarah Josepha Hale was misspelled as Sarah Joseph Hale. — The main course? Turkey , of course, an indigenous American bird. It was well known that Native Americans and the early colonists used cranberries to flavor meat, so you clearly had to serve cranberry sauce with your bird. Americans were renowned pie-eaters in the 19th century, making pie the obvious dessert, and the supreme holiday pie was filled with pumpkin -- another native American ingredient. As a result, roast turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie became emphatically tied to the holiday. Until the cranberry juice craze and the discovery that turkey breast is low in fat, quite a few Americans never ate turkey or anything cranberry between one Thanksgiving and the next, and that's probably still true of pumpkin pie. Outside the turkey-cranberry-pumpkin pie trinity, though, American Thanksgiving tables have been as varied as the country itself. Each region, even each family, has its own list of traditional dishes without which the holiday menu is unthinkable. It's surprising how tenacious these traditions can be. My grandfather insisted on having Boston brown bread, though his great-grandparents had left Massachusetts for New York in the 1780s. His family must not be the only one to feel that way -- brown bread does tend to show up on grocery shelves around the holiday season. Some of these family dishes would shock anyone from a different tradition. Who would think of serving stewed sauerkraut with the turkey? Quite a few people from German families, such as in the Midwest. Coconut cream pie alongside (or even instead of) pumpkin? That's purely Southwestern. There are a few isolated areas, such as parts of West Texas, where turkey is even optional -- chicken can substitute for it, possibly because turkeys were once unavailable and chicken simply became the tradition. To each his own Well, Thanksgiving is all about tradition. Families with a strong immigrant heritage may garnish their roast turkey with spaghetti, enchiladas or stir-fried vegetables instead of sweet potatoes and succotash. Lebanese American cooks tend to use their ancestral roast chicken stuffing -- fried lamb, onions and pine nuts -- and may even boil the turkey before roasting it. The Portuguese of New England often start the meal with their traditional kale soup, caldo verde. The Thanksgiving menu was spread around the country in the 1850s partly by homesick New Englanders bringing their party with them wherever they moved and partly through the efforts of Sarah Joseph Hale, editor of the most influential publication in the country, Godey's Lady's Book. She started using her position to promote the idea of Thanksgiving in the 1840s, and by 1860, the custom had spread to nearly all the states. During the Civil War, she persuaded President Lincoln to declare a national Thanksgiving Day, and the date he chose for it is basically the one we use today. Hale had fond memories of her family's bountiful Thanksgivings in Maine, and the holiday menu she publicized is still the norm in New England. One thing that may strike people from other parts of the country is the prominence of plain boiled vegetables:


What is the longest book in the Old Testament ?

The Shortest and Longest Books of the Bible The Shortest and Longest Books of the Bible 10 Shortest Books in the Bible l. 3 John --- 1 chapter, 14 verses, 299 words 2. 2 John --- 1 chapter, 13 verses, 303 words 3. Philemon --- 1 chapter, 25 verses, 445 words 4. Jude --- 1 chapter, 25 verses, 613 words 5. Obadiah --- 1 chapter, 21 verses, 670 words 6. Titus --- 3 chapters, 46 verses, 921 words 7. 2nd Thess. ---3 chapters, 47 verses, 1042 words 8. Haggai --- 2 chapters, 38 verses, 1131 words 9. Nahum --- 3 chapters, 47 verses, 1285 words 10. Jonah --- 4 chapters, 48 verses, 1321 words * * * * 10 Longest Books in the Bible 1. Psalms -- 150 chapters, 2461 verses, 43,743 words 2. Jeremiah -- 52 chapters, 1364 verses, 42,659 words 3. Exekiel -- 48 chapters, 1273 verses, 39,407 words 4. Genesis -- 50 chapters, 1533 verses, 38,267 words 5. Isaiah -- 66 chapters, 1292 verses, 37,044 words 6. Numbers -- 36 chapters, 1288 verses, 32,902 words 7. Exodus -- 40 chapters, 1213 verses, 32,602 words 8. Deut. --34 chapters, 959 verses, 28,461 words 9. 2nd Chron. -- 36 chapters, 822 verses, 26,074 words 10. Luke -- 24 chapters, 1151 verses, 25,944 words * * * * 10 Old Testament Books Most referred to in the New     Testament l. Isaiah, referred to 419 times in 23 N. T. 2. Psalms, 414 times in 23 books 3. Genesis, 260 times in 21 books 4. Exodus, 250 times in 19 books 5. Deuteronomy, 208 times in 21 books 6. Ezekiel, 141 times in 15 books 7. Daniel, 133 times in 17 books 8. Jeremiah, 125 times in 17 books 9. Leviticus, 107 times in 15 books 10. Numbers, 73 times in 4 books


With which instrument is jazz musician 'Kid' Ory principally associated ?

Traditional New Orleans Jazz | Entries | KnowLA, Encyclopedia of Louisiana Traditional New Orleans Jazz Entries » Traditional New Orleans Jazz Joseph “King” Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, one of the earliest traditional jazz bands, recorded songs including “Canal Street Blues,” “Snake Rag,” and “New Orleans Stomp.” Pictured: Johnny Dodds, Baby Dodds, Honore Dutrey, Louis Armstrong, King Oliver, William Johnson, and Lil Hardin. Learn more » By the time of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, New Orleans was already a music city, offering bals masqués, opera and ballet, military parades with brass bands, choral masses, and virtually nonstop street serenading—all of which coalesced to give birth to jazz. Most people think of New Orleans jazz as a single original jazz idiom, or musical style, when in fact it retains distinctive stylistic features tied to festival traditions within a discrete, regional culture. Even today, the musical practices rooted in neighborhood and family affiliations often influence musical styles and trends among traditional and modern jazz musicians more than national market trends.     The Roots of Jazz In the Antebellum period , weekly “ring shouts” at Place Congo in New Orleans (municipally sanctioned from 1817 to 1856) highlighted the pervasive presence of African and Afro-Caribbean musical sensibilities, also apparent in performances by the black street crier Signor Cornmeal at the St. Charles Theater in 1837, where he alternated with French and Italian opera . Over the course of the nineteenth century in New Orleans, the diversity arising from French , Spanish , and African cultures in the colonial period grew to include European, Caribbean, Latin American, and Asian immigrants, presenting local musicians with a vast array of raw materials from which to draw in making music. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, styles of dance underwent a dramatic shift away from polite, measured, and hierarchical nineteenth-century fare (i.e., quadrille, schottische, waltz, mazurka) to more suggestive, all-purpose steps such as the slow drag, two-step, one-step, and foxtrot, which suited the new musical genres of ragtime, blues , Tin Pan Alley popular tunes, and jazz that were coalescing in the early twentieth century. By the early twentieth century in New Orleans, an endless succession of public and private social rituals requiring music nurtured this process of music evolution: Carnival , debutante balls, lakefront picnics and lawn parties, train and riverboat excursions, benevolent association parades, church dedications, “naked dances” in Storyville , jitney or taxi dances, and college “script” dances (where subscriptions were sold in advance), vaudeville, sporting events, and funerals . In New Orleans, music and lifestyle were at all times functionally connected. Despite the pall of racial segregation instituted by the state legislature in the 1890s and validated by the US Supreme Court with the “separate but equal” doctrine in the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896, music provided opportunities for people of diverse backgrounds to get together. Much of this activity was made possible by neighborhood settlement patterns that predated segregation. Tremé, the lower French Quarter, and the Seventh Ward (clustered in the downtown area below Canal Street); Central City and the Irish Channel (uptown, above Canal Street); and Algiers (on the West Bank) were all characterized by crazy-quilt settlement patterns, interspersing Creoles , blacks, whites, Jews, Hispanics, and Latinos next door to each other within blocks. The prevalence of marching bands, jazz bandwagon advertisements, and spasm bands performing in the streets of New Orleans meant that vernacular musical innovations such as jazz were available to everyone within listening range, regardless of laws that attempted to keep black and white cultures mutually exclusive. In the period from 1895 to 1925, most jazz musicians came from these neighborhoods, where the outdoor music was taking place. The “hotter” and more expressive dance music that came to be known


Which King of England was married to Anne of Bohemia ?

Anne of Bohemia and her contribution to Richard II's treasure Larger image (96KB) On 20 January 1382 Richard II married Anne of Bohemia (1366-94), daughter of the Emperor Charles IV and sister of Wenceslas IV of Bohemia, 'this tiny scrap of humanity', as the Westminster chronicler described her. Two days later she was crowned. One of the royal crowns had been recovered from pawn in London for her coronation. Contemporaries criticised the marriage on two grounds: Anne had no dowry, and she was escorted by a large and expensive suite of Bohemian ladies and gentlemen, to some of whom Richard granted annuities. Although the union was childless, this seems to have been a marriage of true affection. Anne nearly always accompanied Richard as he travelled about England. Little is known of her character, but she fulfilled the traditional role of a queen in acting as intercessor for those who had incurred the king's anger. Richard was deeply grieved at her death in 1394. He ordered the manor at Sheen where she had died to be torn down. Anne was buried in the Confessor's chapel behind the high altar in Westminster Abbey. The double tomb Anne of Bohemia and Richard II. Detail from the double tomb (London, Westminster Abbey) In 1395 Richard sealed contracts for a monument for himself and for Anne. This was an innovation, the first time a double tomb was ordered for an English royal burial. Contracts for the base of Purbeck marble were sealed with two London masons, Henry Yevele and Stephen Lote, and for the two life size effigies with Nicholas Broker and Godfrey Prest, both coppersmiths of London. Designs, now lost, were supplied to both sets of craftsmen. The coppersmiths' contract stipulated that the effigies were to be made of gilded copper and latten and to lie under canopies. They were to be crowned, their right hands were to be joined, and they were to hold sceptres in their left hands. Although the crowns and other attributes are lost, as are the small images of saints and angels, the beautiful decoration on the effigies depicting the badges of the king and queen in pointillé pointillé - pattern formed of dots incised with a fine point  still survives. After his deposition and murder in 1400, Richard was buried at Langley in Buckinghamshire. His body was moved to lie beside Anne only on Henry V's accession in 1413. Jewels and plate of Anne of Bohemia We do not know what valuables Anne brought with her from Bohemia, but five jewelled collars with one or both of her badges of the fern and the ostrich are described in the treasure roll. Ostrich badge in pointillé. Detail from the double tomb (London, Westminster Abbey). Larger image (38KB) R 63 Item, un coler de la livere la roigne que dieu assoille, garnis' ove rubis en hostrich', xvij gross' perlez , xxxv autres plus petitz perlez, pois' vij unc', et vaut outre vj li., donnt la somme, Cxiij li. xviijs. iiijd. [Item, a collar of the livery of the late queen, may God have mercy on her soul, set with rubies in an ostrich, seventeen great pearls, thirty-five other smaller pearls, weighing 7 oz., additional value £6, total value, £113 18s. 4d.] R 80 Item, un coler d'or de la ferne de la livere la roigne ove un ostrich enaymelle blanc et j diamant, pois' xj unc', summa, xxxiiij li. xiijs. iiijd. [Item, a gold collar of the fern of the livery of the queen with an ostrich enamelled white and a diamond, weighing 11 oz., total, £34 13s. 4d.] Also listed in the roll are basins, bottles and spiceplates, all large, all in pairs and of silver-gilt, marked with the impaled arms impaled arms - two coats of arms set side by side on a shield  of 'the Emperor' (presumably Anne's arms, derived from her father, Charles IV, 1316-78), and of 'the king'. Some of these could perhaps have come from Anne's trousseau, but at least one pair of basins marked in this way seems to postdate her arrival in England and to have been a gift. It had a livery collar of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, Richard's uncle, around the arms. Among the chapel goods a pax pax - tablet of precious metal, ivory, etc., dec


Which British city forms the background to the 2013 TV series The Fall starring Gillian Anderson and Jamie Doran ?

Fifty Shades of Jamie Dornan: exclusive interview - Telegraph TV and Radio Fifty Shades of Jamie Dornan: exclusive interview The Fall's Jamie Dornan won the lead in Fifty Shades of Grey. But first he  plays a revolutionary in Channel 4's Restoration drama New Worlds. Serena  Davies met him The actor Jamie Dornan: wearing Valentino Patchwork denim suit (£1650), Valentino cotton shirt (£280), and Valentino Silk silk tie (£100) valentino.com  Photo: Adam Whitehead Follow The actor Jamie Dornan is slighter in the flesh than I expected, and he’s got a mullet. We are on the set of New Worlds, Channel 4’s follow-up to 2008’s critically acclaimed The Devil’s Whore . That first series was set during the English Civil War (and starred Michael Fassbender and Andrea Riseborough); this one, to be aired next week, takes place during the Restoration, a period nigh on as bloody and politically fissured, if Martine Brant and Peter Flannery’s script is anything to go by. Dornan is playing Abe Goffe, a young outlaw who foments revolution against the ruling elite from a forest in Oxfordshire, and whose head is turned by the beautiful Beth (Freya Mavor), the daughter of Angelica Fanshawe, the ‘whore’ of the earlier drama. Goffe’s wild existence accounts for Dornan’s unkempt hair. While most of the cast sport rather elaborate full-head wigs, Dornan gets what he explains is a three-quarter-length number: some straggling wisps glued on to his own short back and sides, which he tugs at when we talk. He also has a beard. ‘Abe’s a character who has sacrificed pretty much everything in his life,’ he explains. ‘Including a razor.’ Jamie Dornan as Abe Goffe in Channell 4's New Worlds Related Articles The Jamie Dornan I (almost) knew... 07 Feb 2015 At the time of my set visit – summer 2013 – Dornan is best known for his modelling career (particularly his shirtless campaigns for Calvin Klein), and for his mesmeric performance as an alarmingly attractive serial killer in BBC Two’s drama series The Fall – which also starred Gillian Anderson as the police officer determined to track him down – which aired last May. Then, days after I meet him again in October 2013, news breaks that he has landed a role that makes him the most talked-about actor in the world. Dornan won the part of Christian Grey , the dazzlingly handsome anti-hero with a penchant for light sadomasochism, in the Hollywood adaptation of Fifty Shades of Grey, the bestselling (90 million copies worldwide and counting) novel by EL James. Directed by the British artist Sam Taylor-Johnson, the film is slated to be released on Valentine’s Day next year. Looking back, I slightly worry about how this warm, open man with a flair for comic self-deprecation will adjust to the celebrity this film role will foist upon him. When we meet in a west London pub near Dornan’s Notting Hill home (he also has a cottage in the Cotswolds) one of the most animated points in our conversation is when Dornan becomes splenetic at the circus surrounding modern celebrity, and the people who actively court it. ‘Nobody sane wants just to be famous,’ he says. ‘I hate it when people say you’re asking for it by doing films. No, I’m asking for work, and I’m asking to get paid for doing something I love. I’m not asking to be followed down a street by some f****** pap.’ PHOTO: Adam Whitehead This sentiment is exacerbated by his previous experience of this world, when he was in a relationship with Keira Knightley for two years, from 2003 to 2005. ‘Being with Keira was an insight into how rotten the whole thing can be. A young girl is being followed around the street, there is nothing positive to say about that.’ Days after we talk a flurry of pictures appear in the tabloids of Dornan and his pregnant wife, the singer-songwriter Amelia Warner (she gave birth to a girl in December in Vancouver, where Fifty Shades was filmed). His own origins are about as far off showbusiness as you could get, with the startling exception of his great-aunt (whom he never met), who was the actress Greer Garson, best known for Mrs Miniver and Good


In the Bible who was the father of twin sons, Jacob and Esau ?

Esau and Jacob | Genesis 25-27 | Bible Storyteller Bible Storyteller Esau and Jacob Based on Genesis 25-27 Isaac's wife Rebekah gives birth to twin sons, Esau and Jacob. As the first born it should be Esau who inherits God's     promise of a land and many descendants, but Esau swaps his birthright for a bowl of stew and Jacob tricks Isaac into     giving him the blessing that will put him in charge of the land when his father dies. Copyright Gavin Owen 2005 Way back near the beginning of Bible times, lived a man called Abraham and his wife Sarah. They were very special people because God had made them two promises. He'd promised to give them a land of their own. Can you imagine having your own country to live in? And he'd promised to give them a family that one day would be so large it would be like the stars in the sky, too many to count. God was quick to keep the promise about the special land – he took them to a beautiful place called Canaan and they settled down to live there. But the promise about the family, well, that took a bit longer! You see, it wasn't until Abraham was one hundred years old and Sarah was ninety that she finally gave birth to a beautiful baby boy and they called him Isaac. Now when Isaac grew up he married a girl called Rebekah and they had to wait a long time to have children too. But when the time came they were fortunate, they had two babies at once – twins. The first little baby boy was born covered from head to foot in hair. Can you imagine having a hairy baby? So they called the little boy Esau, because the name Esau means “hairy”. Think of his first day at school – “What's your name?” the teacher would ask him, “Hairy,” he would reply, “Oh come on! What's your name?” “Hairy!” The second little boy was born straight after the first, he just popped right out because the Bible says he was holding on to his brother's ankle. So they called this boy Jacob, because the name Jacob means “holding the heel”. As the two boys grew up it soon became obvious that they didn't just look different, they were different kinds of people. Esau was more your outdoors sort of boy, if you'd asked him he would have said,“I like to be in the fields with the animals, I like running and fishing and most of all I like hunting!” But Jacob was more your indoors sort of boy, if you'd asked him he would have said, “I like mathematics and cookery and organising things, but most of all I like to stay at home with mumsy!” Isaac's favourite son was Esau because he loved to hear his stories about hunting and eat the fresh meat that he brought back with him. But Rebekah's favourite son was Jacob because he always stayed at home and kept her company. Everybody knew that when Isaac died Esau would become head of the family and the whole land of Canaan because he had been born first. But everybody also knew that Jacob would be much better at the job. But there was nothing that could be done about it ... or so they thought. One day, years later, Jacob was in the kitchen making a big pot of stew when along came his brother, Esau. Esau had been away hunting, he'd been gone for days and he was tired and thirsty, but most of all he was hungry. Esau sniffed the air: “Mmmmm! What's that lovely smell?” he asked. “I'm making some stew” Jacob replied. “Would you like some? “Yes, please!” So Jacob picked up a bowl and he was about to fill it with stew when suddenly he had an idea. “I say brother, what will you give me in return for this bowl of stew?” “I don't know, what do you want?” “I want,” Jacob declared, quick as a flash, “to be head of the family and the land of Canaan when father dies”. Let's face it, only a complete dummy would swap a whole country for a bowl of stew. But luckily for Jacob, Esau was a complete dummy! “If I don't eat something soon I'll starve to death and I won't be head of the family and the land then, so I don't suppose it makes any difference. You be in charge, it's fine with me.” “Do you promise?” asked Jacob. “You have my word” said Esau and he took his bowl of stew and left. Jacob hurried off to tell


The musical Man of La Mancha is based on the story of which hero ?

Man of La Mancha (1972) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Man of La Mancha ( 1972 ) PG | The funny story of mad but kind and chivalrous elderly nobleman Don Quixote who, aided by his squire Sancho Panza, fights windmills that are seen as dragons to save prostitute Dulcinea who is seen as a noblewoman. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 31 titles created 04 May 2013 a list of 28 titles created 30 Oct 2013 a list of 38 titles created 05 Nov 2015 a list of 47 titles created 30 Nov 2015 a list of 33 images created 11 months ago Title: Man of La Mancha (1972) 6.6/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Oscar. Another    2 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards  » Photos Edit Storyline This musical version of Don Quixote is framed by an incident allegedly from the life of its author, Miguel de Cervantes. Don Quixote is the mad, aging nobleman who embarrasses his respectable family by his adventures. Backed by his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, he duels windmills and defends his perfect lady Dulcinea (who is actually a downtrodden whore named Aldonza). Written by Reid Gagle Peter O'Toole, Sophia Loren and James Coco dream 'The Impossible Dream' in... See more  » Genres: 8 September 1973 (Italy) See more  » Also Known As: El hombre de La Mancha See more  » Filming Locations: 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| 4-Track Stereo (35 mm prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia The name "Dulcinea" means 'sweetheart'. It is taken from the Spanish word dulce (sweet). See more » Goofs Both the film and stage performances of the play on which it's based depict the elderly Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra as able to use both hands. The real Cervantes had a paralyzed left hand from his wound in the Battle of Lepanto (1571) when he was a 20-something. See more » Quotes Miguel de Cervantes : I'm a poet. The Duke : They're putting people in prison for that? See more » Crazy Credits During the opening credits, we see the animated sails of a windmill, which, with each turn, begin to reveal, and finally become, a sketch of the face of Don Quixote. The camera moves in for an extreme closeup of the facial features, which, as the camera gets close, reveal themselves to be a giant prop in an outdoor stage presentation during a festival. As the opening credits end, the sketch of that prop dissolves into the real item. See more » Connections See more » Frequently Asked Questions (California) – See all my reviews I consider myself somewhat of a movie aficionado, having seen several thousand movies over the past forty years; and I can unequivocably say that "Man of La Mancha" is my all-time favorite movie. While some of the familiar criticisms lodged against it are valid, there is still no other movie that can approach its depth or poignancy. I judge a movie by its ability to move me: to make me laugh, to make me cry, to make me think. This movie tackles one of the greatest themes of life: whether to live in a helpful illusion or live in the harshness of reality. Don Quixote's story is the ultimate in human heroism, a tragic man of courage struggling to see and live life, not as it is, but as it should be. His unwavering idealism in the face of all-too-familiar cynicism and skepticism is both foolhardy and inspiring. This movie always leaves me, not with tears trickling, but with great sobbing. I strongly recommend it for both your heart and your head. 43 of 56 people found this review helpful.  Was this review helpful to you? Yes


Which playwright was the designer of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard ?

Discover the imaginative genius of Sir John Vanbrugh, architect of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard - Discover Britain Discover the imaginative genius of Sir John Vanbrugh, architect of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard Feb 2, 2015 Google+0 Claire Masset Learn more about the life and work of Sir John Vanbrugh, who, without any training, went on to outshine the most respected architects of his time.   Blenheim Palace Bold, daring and dramatic, Vanbrugh was as adventurous in life as he was in his architecture. Such were his skill and lively mind that he became in turn a merchant, soldier, playwright and architect during his 62-year life. Blessed with a penchant for business, a powerful way with words, a keen eye for beauty and drama, and clearly a good dose of courage and intellect, Vanbrugh fashioned an incredibly varied and exciting life for himself.   Castle Howard John Vanbrugh (1664–1726) was a staunch Protestant and played a part in the scheme to overthrow the Catholic king, James II. From 1686, he worked undercover and helped bring about the invasion of William of Orange, who eventually ousted James II and became the new King. On his way back from bringing messages to William in the Hague, Vanbrugh was arrested in France on suspicion of espionage in September 1688 and imprisoned for four years. The conditions of his release stated that he should spend three months in Paris, and so – free to move around but unable to leave the country – he had ample time to see the city’s architecture. Four years behind bars would also have offered plenty of opportunity for reading and study.   Wollaton Hall. © Les Churchman On his return to England in 1693, Vanbrugh joined the navy, but again this was short-lived. Within two years he had swapped army life for the theatre and was making a name for himself as a thought-provoking playwright and producer. The Relapse (1696) and The Provok’ed Wife (1697) – both witty and risqué comedies – quickly became stage favourites in the West End.   With success already at his door, no one really knows why the 35-year-old Vanbrugh decided to launch into yet another career, this time as a novice architect. But in 1699 he took on one of the grandest architectural commissions of the time – the design of a palatial house in Yorkshire for the 3rd Earl of Carlisle. Given that he had no experience or training, how did Vanbrugh achieve this feat? No doubt his membership of the Kit-Cat Club helped greatly. This political and cultural gathering of prominent Whigs included the Earl of Carlisle (as well as the Duke of Marlborough, who later commissioned Vanbrugh to design Blenheim Palace). By 1702, Vanbrugh was such a respected architect that he was made Comptroller of the Queen’s Works. And no doubt thanks greatly to his achievements as an architect, he was knighted by King George I in 1714.   How did the untrained Vanbrugh become the most prominent architect of his time? His charm, intellect and connections of course helped. But this inspired amateur was also gifted with extraordinary powers of the imagination and an ability to visualise in three dimensions. His earlier work as a playwright and producer of plays must certainly have honed his eye for the theatrical. In his first two major projects – Castle Howard and Blenheim Palace – he was lucky to be assisted by the highly experienced architect Nicholas Hawksmoor, who had learnt his trade in the office of Sir Christopher Wren. While Vanbrugh was free to let his imagination run riot, Hawksmoor was the firm hand whose attention to detail was the perfect complement to Vanbrugh’s flamboyant creativity.   Perhaps thanks to his lack of training, Vanbrugh was able to approach designs with flexibility and combine elements which other architects never dared to mix, creating powerful juxtapositions. Classical features were enlivened with a Baroque approach to design, and sometimes supplemented with elements of castle architecture such as battlements and towers. Vanbrugh was keen to inject his buildings with, what he called, ‘something of the castle air’.   His time


Which organ of the body is affected by nephritis ?

Nephritis - body, causes, Pollys Sore Throat, What Is Nephritis? Nephritis Nephritis Nephritis (nef-RY-tis) is an inflammation of one or both kidneys that     can result in kidney damage. KEYWORDS for searching the Internet and other reference sources Bright's disease Renal disease Polly's Sore Throat Polly will always remember fifth grade because she missed so much of it.    She missed one week of school because she had strep throat, a sore throat    caused by streptococcal bacteria. Several weeks later, Polly felt very    tired, she lost her appetite, her abdomen and back hurt, and her face    looked puffy. She rarely had to urinate, and when she did, her urine was    dark like cola. Polly's doctor suspected that she had a case of    acute (sudden) nephritis that was caused by her strep throat. He explained    that her kidneys were not working properly and that waste products from    the cells were building up inside her body. Polly's condition got    worse. She spent several days in the hospital, then she recovered at home    for several weeks. What Is Nephritis? The kidneys play an important role in filtering about 400 quarts of blood    a day to remove cellular waste products and extra water. Each of the two    bean-shaped kidneys is made up of about one million units called nephrons    (NEF-rons). Each nephron consists of a collecting tubule that will    eventually take wastes to the bladder, and a filtering unit called a    glomerulus * . * glomerulus (glom-ER-you-lus) is from a Greek word meaning "filter." The glomerulus is a knot of blood vessels that have the job of filtering     the blood. 175 Years Ago: Richard Bright Richard Bright, a British physician who lived from 1789 to 1858, was the     first to describe the kidney disorder known today as Bright's     disease, or nephritis. Bright studied kidney function and was meticulous     in his clinical observations. He worked with kidney patients, studying     their symptoms, and then he correlated symptoms with the kidney defects     he observed during autopsies (examinations after death). The results of     Bright's research first appeared in Reports of Medical Cases in 1827. Bright also contributed to the study of lung disease, heart     disease, various fevers, and tumors. In a person with nephritis, the glomeruli (plural of glomerulus) do not    function properly, often as a result of a bacterial infection like    Polly's. Not all the glomeruli are damaged to the same degree,    however, so the kidneys can continue to function, but not as well as    before. The kidneys may already be affected before the person notices    symptoms. Glomerulonephritis (Bright's disease) There are several different types of nephritis. One of the most common is    glomerulonephritis (glomer-u-lo-ne-FRY-tis), also called Bright's    disease, a condition in which the glomeruli become inflamed and scarred.    Common symptoms of this disease include tiredness, high blood pressure,    and swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, and face. This swelling is called    edema (e-DEE-ma). The person will pass blood and protein in the urine. Acute nephritis Another type of nephritis that commonly affects children occurs as a    result of infection. Sometimes a bacterial infection can spread from    another part of the body, such as the bladder, to the kidney. The    body's disease-fighting proteins, or antibodies, can adhere to the    glomeruli, causing them to become inflamed. This type of nephritis usually    is acute, or sudden, and many affected children recover without long-term    kidney damage. Other causes Nephritis can occur as a side effect of other diseases, such as diabetes * , and of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus * . Nephritis also can be caused by the overuse of certain common drugs,    such as ibuprofen (i-bu-PRO-fen) and acetaminophen (a-set-a-MIN-a-fen),    and by sniffing glue or inhaling gasoline. What Happens When


The Jewish language Yiddish is based on which other language ?

Judaism 101: Yiddish Language and Culture Yiddish Language and Culture  Yiddish was the language of Ashkenazic Jews, but not Sephardic Jews  Yiddish is based on German, Hebrew and other languages  Yiddish uses an alphabet based on Hebrew  There are standards for transliterating Yiddish  Yiddish was criticized as a barrier to assimilation  Yiddish developed rich literature, theater and music S'iz shver tsu zayn a Yid (It's tough to be a Jew)       - Yiddish folk saying [Yiddish] ... a language without rules, mutilated and unintelligible without our circle, must be completely abandoned.       - David Friedlander, a member of the Haskalah Jewish enlightenment movement 1978 Yiddish has not yet said its last word.       - Isaac Bashevis Singer, upon receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature for his writings in Yiddish The Yiddish Language Yiddish was at one time the international language of Ashkenazic Jews (the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe and their descendants). A hybrid of Hebrew and medieval German, Yiddish takes about three-quarters of its vocabulary from German, but borrows words liberally from Hebrew and many other languages from the many lands where Ashkenazic Jews have lived. It has a grammatical structure all its own, and is written in an alphabet based on Hebrew characters . Scholars and universities classify Yiddish as a Germanic language, though some have questioned that classification. Yiddish was never a part of Sephardic Jewish culture (the culture of the Jews of Spain, Portugal, the Balkans, North Africa and the Middle East). They had their own international language known as Ladino or Judesmo, which is a hybrid of medieval Spanish and Hebrew in much the same way that Yiddish combines German and Hebrew. At its height less than a century ago, Yiddish was understood by an estimated 11 million of the world's 18 million Jews, and many of them spoke Yiddish as their primary language. Yiddish has fallen on hard times, a victim of both assimilation and murder. Today, less than a quarter of a million people in the United States speak Yiddish, about half of them in New York. Most Jews know only a smattering of Yiddish words, and most of those words are unsuitable for polite company. But in recent years, Yiddish has experienced a resurgence and is now being taught at many universities. There are even Yiddish Studies departments at Columbia and Oxford , among others, and many Jewish communities provide classes to learn Yiddish. Many Jews today want to regain touch with their heritage through this nearly-lost language. Yiddish is referred to as "mame loshn" ("loshn" rhymes with "caution"), which means "mother tongue," although it is not entirely clear whether this is a term of affection or derision. Mame loshn was the language of women and children, to be contrasted with loshn koydesh, the holy tongue of Hebrew that was studied only by men. (And before the feminists start grinding their axes, let me point out that most gentile women and many gentile men in that time and place could not read or write at all, while most Jewish women could at least read and write Yiddish). The word "Yiddish" is the Yiddish word for "Jewish," so it is technically correct to refer to the Yiddish language as "Jewish" (though it is never correct to refer to Hebrew as "Jewish"). At the turn of the century, American Jews routinely referred to the Yiddish language as "Jewish," and one of my elderly aunts continues to do so. However, that usage has become unfashionable in recent years and people are likely to think you are either ignorant or bigoted if you refer to any language as "Jewish." Likewise, the Yiddish word "Yid" simply means "Jew" and is not offensive if used while speaking Yiddish or in a conversation liberally sprinkled with Yiddish terms, but I wouldn't recommend using the word in English because it has been used as an offensive term for far too long. The History of Yiddish It is generally believed that Yiddish became a language of its own some time between 900 and 1100 C.E. , but it


Established in 1951, which was Britain's first National Park ?

The Peak District National Park was Britains first and was established in 1951     This is the landslip beneath Mam Tor, this road the A625   has been closed now for many years. This photograph amply shows the full   force of nature. This road was built to bypass the Winnats Pass just around   the corner and for many years carried heavy traffic from Sheffield to   Manchester area. There are also many quarries in the area which provide work   for local people. Landslips occurred many times over the last hundred years   until the local authorities concluded that they were fighting a losing   battle. Each landslip was obviously not as bad as this but was a costly and   lengthy business to repair. Eventually in 1979 they threw in the towel and   decided to let nature have its way. Over the years the slip has got worse   and now extends over nearly a half mile section of the road.       Mam Tor from   near Treak Cliff Cavern, the layers of shale are clearly evident  and   the landslip is in the centre of the picture       The lovely   village of Castleton, its got everything you need, village square, pubs,   cafe's, outdoor shops, chip shop, church,Youth Hostel, Hotels, caves and   overlooked by the beautiful Peveril Castle. What more can you want?       Looking   along the ridge from below Mam Tor  towards Lose Hill in the far   distance. This is what I call my training walk, over Mam Tor along the ridge   to Lose Hill, down into Castleton and back up to the car park at the foot of   Mam Tor. 3 hours and it can be done in most weathers conditions.   Exhilarating with superb views       Links to Peak District Walks on My   Walking Log - Use the back button to return to this page


Which jazz singer was known as 'The King of Hi de Ho' ?

Hi De Ho (1947) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Cab Calloway plays himself in a plot about jealousy, night clubs, and gangsters. Ends with a series of musical numbers. Director: a list of 359 titles created 07 Aug 2013 a list of 31 titles created 17 Sep 2013 a list of 54 titles created 23 Feb 2014 a list of 2982 titles created 21 Mar 2015 a list of 1623 titles created 5 months ago Title: Hi De Ho (1947) 5.8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Young Cab Calloway's mother is concerned, because Cab spends his days listening to the radio, pretending to lead a miniature orchestra. A deacon passing by the apartment hears him singing ... See full summary  » Director: Roy Mack "Swing cat" Louis Prima and his jazz quintet play songs and accompany featured singers and dancers. Director: Roy Mack This jazz musical short has a comedy plot about marital infidelity. Director: Fred Waller An all-female orchestra plays popular songs of the day. Stars: The Ingenues Musical and dance acts perform, first at a night club, then at a "rent party." Director: Roy Mack In Hell, Satan appears to tell us that rhythm is coming to life again, then we're taken to a sound stage where Jimmie Lunceford conducts his dance orchestra. He's in black tie and a tuxedo ... See full summary  » Director: Joseph Henabery Four convicts escape from a chain gang. Shortly thereafter, changes are made at the prison, because a blue ribbon commission will be investigating conditions there. The changes include ... See full summary  » Director: Roy Mack Leon brags about his "super-deluxe" gas station, which he claims is run by chorus girls. Director: Roy Mack     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.7/10 X   A performance film showing Arnheim and his tuxedo-clad musicians playing their instruments, facing the viewer. Two cameras are used, one taking a long view of the band, the other, medium close ups of the men as they do their various solos. Stars: Gus Arnheim and His Orchestra, Gus Arnheim, Sunny Howard An elderly barber shop owner wins a sweepstake and uses the winnings to elaborately remodel his run-down shop. For in-house entertainment he hires his musician friends as the jazz orchestra and the four shoeshiners are skilled tap dancers. Director: Joseph Henabery State College is a coeducational school where the athletics are more important than academics. All there are preparing for a big multi-sport match with arch rival Dale College. Students ... See full summary  » Director: Roy Mack A "Broadway Brevity" short from Vitaphone shot in Technicolor that spoofs the Hollywood studio set-up. When the ballerina star of a musical feature walks off in a huff, aided by the ... See full summary  » Director: Bobby Connolly Edit Storyline Bandleader Cab Calloway is tiring of his sexy girlfriend Minnie, who in turn is jealous of Cab's manager Nettie. When Nettie gets Cab a job at the Brass Hat Club, Minnie retaliates for his imagined infidelity by setting gangster Boss Mason, owner of a rival club, against him. Will she regret her action before it's too late? (This plot resolves halfway through the film; the rest is a series of 'soundies' featuring the Calloway band's inimitable jive). All-black cast. Written by Rod Crawford <puffinus@u.washington.edu> 9 May 1947 (USA) See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Goofs When Cab takes the wounded Minnie back into his room, the furniture has changed position - the bed is now away from the wall and in the middle of the room, and the chair is in the corner of the room where the bed used to be. See more » Connections Hi-De-Ho (1947) was a mostly excellent musical showcase for Cab Calloway 18 July 2008 | by tavm (Baton Rouge, La.) – See all my reviews At first, I wasn't too thrilled about this movie because of Cab's rough treatment of Minnie (Jeni Le Gon)


Pashto and Dari are the two official languages of which country ?

Books in Dari and Pashto | Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection Digitized Books | University of Nebraska at Omaha Books in Dari and Pashto   Dari (Persian) and Pashto are the two official languages of Afghanistan. Official government documents in Afghanistan are published in both languages. Most Afghans are bi-lingual and are fluent in both languages. About 50 percent of Afghans speak Dari, and some 40 percent speak Pashto. Other languages in Afghanistan include Turkic languages (Uzbek and Turkmen), Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristan, and others spoken by minority groups. Dari and Pashto have extensive literature. Some of their greatest poets include Jalaluddin Rumi, Omar Khayam, Firdausi, Khushal Khan Khattak and Rahman Baba. About 15 percent of the material in the Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection are in Dari and Pashto. Selected materials from the collection have been digitized in support of research in the area of Afghanistan studies. The UNO Criss Library holds the Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection, one of the largest collections of Afghan primary and secondary materials outside of the country. It contains over 20,000 titles in more than 20 languages, including Dari, Pashto, and English. Printing is not supported at the primary Gallery Thumbnail page. Please first navigate to a specific Image before printing. List-i qavanin va usulnamah'hay nafizah-i Afghanistan Afghanistan The document lists 165 laws and practice-legal codes that were issued by the government of Afghanistan from 1310 to 1353 (1931-1975). The list includes starting date for each law and the date of termination of the law, if no more in practice. Type script, in Dari language Afghān-i notūnah (Afghan songs and melodies) Afghanistan, Press and Information Ministry The music is provided for a number of special Afghan melodies. These melodies have their origin in the eastern, southern, and southwestern regions of Afghanistan. Some of the songs, in both Pushto and Farsi lyrics, tell the story of young lovers' innermost feelings for each other and the plight of meeting under difficult social conditions. The lyrics tell of the heartaches resulting from these impossible situations and ardent hopes for eventual fulfillment of love. Other songs tell of the Afghan's patriotism, love of the country, and of the proud tradition of sacrificing everything in the cause of motherland. Siraj al-Tavarikh Fayz Muhammad Katib Covers the history of Afghanistan from, 17th-20th century. It includes historical events and biographical descriptions of Afghan kings and rulers. The book is in Persian language, in two volumes. Published in Kabul: Matbaah-i Hurufi-i Dal al-Saltanah, 1331 (1952)


Which acid has the chemical formula HNO3 ?

Nitric acid | HNO3 | ChemSpider Nitric acid CSID:919, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.919.html (accessed 22:13, Jan 19, 2017) Copy Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users Nitric acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki] Acid, Nitric Acide nitrique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Acidum nitricum not >70% nitric acid [UN2031] [Corro sive] Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users 02650_FLUKA [DBID] -40 °C Alfa Aesar 33260 , 33261 -51 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 16002 , 16003 -42 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 16002 , 16003 -41.59 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 22336 120.5 °C Alfa Aesar 87920 , 38748 , 38747 , 33260 , 10984 181 F (82.7778 °C) NIOSH QU5775000 121 C / 69 mmHg (210.3616 °C / 760 mmHg)  (Oil) Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details Very soluble in water and ether. Decomposes in alcohol Alfa Aesar 87920 Miscellaneous Colorless, yellow, or red, fuming liquid with an acrid, suffocating odor. [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution. Fuming nitric acid is concentrated nitric acid that contains dissolved nitrogen diox ide.] NIOSH QU5775000 colourless liquid with a choking odour Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details DANGER: CORROSIVE, burns skin and eyes Alfa Aesar 10984 , 33260 , 38747 , 38748 , 87920 DANGER: OXIDIZER, CORROSIVE, burns skin and eyes Alfa Aesar 10984 , 33260 , 33261 WARNING: CORROSIVE, burns skin and eyes Alfa Aesar 35624 , 35626 WARNING: CORROSIVE, irritates skin and eyes Alfa Aesar 35624 , 35626 Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module Density: 83.0±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg Vapour Pressure: 49.8±0.3 mmHg at 25°C Enthalpy of Vaporization: Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection Agency’s EPISuite Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC):   Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) = 0.21  Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42):   Boiling Pt (deg C): 492.56 (Adapted Stein & Brown method)   Melting Pt (deg C): 189.14 (Mean or Weighted MP)   VP(mm Hg,25 deg C): 8.08E-010 (Modified Grain method)   Subcooled liquid VP: 4.23E-008 mm Hg (25 deg C, Mod-Grain method)  Water Solubility Estimate from Log Kow (WSKOW v1.41):   Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L): 9.09e+004    log Kow used: 0.21 (estimated)    no-melting pt equation used  Water Sol Estimate from Fragments:   Wat Sol (v1.01 est) = 57149 mg/L  ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSAR v0.99h):   Class(es) found:    Neutral Organics  Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) [HENRYWIN v3.10]:  Bond Method :  2.45E-002 atm-m3/mole  Group Method:  2.45E-002 atm-m3/mole Henrys LC [VP/WSol estimate using EPI values]: 7.251E-016 atm-m3/mole  Log Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient (25 deg C) [KOAWIN v1.10]:  Log Kow used: 0.21 (KowWin est)  Log Kaw used: 0.001 (HenryWin est)    Log Koa (KOAWIN v1.10 estimate): 0.209    Log Koa (experimental database): None  Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10):  Biowin1 (Linear Model)     :  0.7180  Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model)   :  0.8936 Expert Survey Biodegradation Results:  Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model):  3.0621 (weeks    )  Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) :  3.7583 (days    ) MITI Biodegradation Probability:  Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model)  :  0.5277  Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model):  0.6760 Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability:  Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model): 0.8361 Ready Biodegradability Prediction:  YES Hydrocarbon Biodegradation (BioHCwin v1.01):   Structure incompatible with current estimation method!  Sorption to aerosols (25 Dec C)[AEROWIN v1.00]:  Vapor pressure (liquid/subcooled): 5.64E-006 Pa (4.23E-008 mm Hg)  Log Koa (Koawin est ): 0.209  Kp (particle/gas partition coef. (m3/ug)):    Mackay model      : 0.532     Octanol/air (Koa) model: 3.97E-013   Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi):    Junge-Pankow mod


What Is a Baby Whale Called? | Animals - mom.me What Is a Baby Whale Called? Whales have sharp nurturing instincts. Ablestock.com/AbleStock.com/Getty Images Whales, the gentle giants of the ocean, are a curious and majestic group of animals. There are many species of whale -- it’s incredible to think of the differences between aggressive, fast orcas and slow, lumbering blue whales. Whales have intriguing social structures complete with communication, societal roles and the raising of young over a long period of time, making them similar to humans in more ways than you might initially think. The complexities of whale relationships are evident in the way they raise their young. Birth Seasons The birth of a new baby whale, known as a calf, usually occurs during the birth season for that specific type of whale. Orcas, for example, tend to give birth in the spring or fall, while blue and humpback whales do so in the winter. Gestation also varies from whale to whale -- with orcas it lasts around 17 months, with humpbacks 12 and with blues 11. Almost all whale births are to single calves, but rare twin births have been observed in wild whales. Nursing Habits Whales, like humans, spend a great deal of time nursing their young. Killer and humpback whale calves nurse just a few hours after birth and continue to do so for a year or more. Killer whales nurse at all hours, but only for a few seconds at a time. These brief nursing sessions add up to an average of 90 minutes each day. Blue whale calves drink 100 gallons of milk every day for the first seven months after their births. Calves stay close to their mothers while nursing and learning their way around the sea. Sticking Together Different whales have different approaches to the concept of community and family. Toothed whales, such as orcas and dolphins, live and hunt in large groups known as pods. These pods often share the responsibilities of caring for and protecting new calves. Baleen whales, like blue whales and gray whales, tend to travel either in smaller pods or completely solo. Whale calves also reach maturity at different ages depending on their species -- it takes blue whales 10 years to mature, while killer whales can mature in as few as six. Life in the Pod A new calf’s life is hectic from the get-go: Calves are born swimming, and most are immediately aware of the presence of their mothers and the pod around them. Calves are capable of exploring without the aid of their mother within a few days depending on species, but whale mothers will keep the calves in close proximity to prevent them from becoming lost or risking a predatory encounter. Though whale calves are weak at first and must swim in their mother’s slipstream to keep up, they grow quickly. Orcas, for example, put on around 1,000 pounds in their first year of life.


Which sharp-tasting red fruit is used to make a sauce popular at Xmas and at Thanksgiving dinners ?

1000+ images about Thanksgiving/Christmas food on Pinterest | Pecan cheesecake, Thanksgiving and Electric roaster ovens Forward Cranberry Pecan Wild Rice makes a nice gluten-free alternative to stuffing. I make this Cranberry Pecan Wild Rice when I want something a little bit fancier than basic Rice Pilaf or Roasted Potatoes. It pairs perfectly with Slow-cooker Cornish Game Hens with Grand Marnier Sauce. But it also just feels like the perfect American side dish, with crunchy toasted pecans...Read More » See More


Which King of England was married to Caroline of Ansbach ?

The Wives of the Georgian Kings: Caroline of Ansbach – Royal Central The Royal W: Gentleman Usher of the Blue Rod Lucy Worsley has called Caroline of Ansbach “the cleverest queen consort ever to sit on the throne of England”. In many ways, she really was. The wife of King George II was a patron of the arts and never missed an opportunity to branch out her knowledge. She was extremely well read, and during her husband’s reign, she popularised inoculation among the masses. Caroline served as regent on occasion, and her death left the King devastated – so devastated, in fact, that he never married again. Caroline of Ansbach as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland. Caroline of Ansbach was born on 1st March 1683. Her parents were John Frederick, the Margrave of the small German state of Ansbach, and his wife Eleonore. Her father died when she was only three years old, and Caroline and her younger brother had to accompany their mother to Dresden, where she married the Elector of Saxony. After Eleanore’s death in 1696, Caroline went to live, first with her half-brother, the new Margrave of Ansbach, and then with the future King Frederick I of Prussia and his wife, Sophia Charlotte of Hanover. By a happy coincidence, Sophia Charlotte was the sister of the future King George I of England. George had a stormy relationship with his own wife , and didn’t want his son, George Augustus, to go through the same thing. So George Augustus was given the freedom to choose a wife of his liking. He settled upon Caroline when, after having heard good reports of her from his aunt, he visited the court in Ansbach to see his future bride. George Augustus immediately took a liking to Caroline’s good character, and the couple were married in Hanover in 1705. Their eldest son, Frederick Ludwig, was born a little less than two years later. Almost immediately after Frederick’s birth, Caroline came down with smallpox. Her infant son was kept away from her to avoid catching the disease, but George Augustus stayed by her side and subseqeuntly developed smallpox himself. Thankfully, the pair recovered soon enough, and Caroline went on to have seven more children with her husband, all but one of whom survived till adulthood. For the first nine years of Caroline’s marriage, she enjoyed a relatively quite life in Hanover with her four oldest children. That all changed in 1714, when her father-in-law ascended the throne of England as King George I. George Augustus was now the Prince of Wales, and since the new King had divorced his wife, Caroline, now as the Princess of Wales, was the highest-ranking lady in the entire kingdom. She arrived on British shores in October with her daughters – her seven year-old son Frederick had been left behind to represent his grandfather in Hanover. In England, both Caroline and George Augustus made an effort to learn the English language and politics. King George, on the other hand, favoured the German customs, which led to the creation of a separate court run by the Prince of Wales. King George and his son had shared a tense relationship ever since the former imprisoned the latter’s mother in a castle, and the formation of this rival court only made matters worse. Things came to a head in 1717 at the baptism of George and Caroline’s son, George William. Father and son got into an argument over who were to be the baby’s godparents and, infuriated by his son’s behaviour, King George had the Prince and Princess of Wales placed under house arrest in St James’ Palace, while their children were placed under his care. Just as he had done with his own wife, George forbade his son and daughter-in-law from meeting their children. Being separated from her children took a serious toll on Caroline’s health. So desperate was she to see them that she paid her children a secret visit, against the King’s orders. Seeing Caroline’s state, George grudgingly allowed her to contact the young Prince and Princesses. Unfortunately, while all this was taking place little George William fell very ill, and died shortly afterwards. Both Caroline and Georg


Who scored the winning goal of the 2013 FA Cup final ?

Ben Watson's winning goal for Wigan vs Manchester City, FA Cup Final 2013 - YouTube Ben Watson's winning goal for Wigan vs Manchester City, FA Cup Final 2013 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on May 12, 2013 Ben Watson scores the most historic goal in Wigan's history... To find out more about the The FA Cup visit:


Which musical is based on the play The Matchmaker by Thornton Wilder ?

Thornton Wilder |  The Matchmaker ORIGINAL BROADWAY PROGRAM HELLO, DOLLY! STARRING CAROL CHANNING ON BROADWAY IN 1964 THORNTON WILDER ON THE STAGE OF THE BOOTH THEATRE DURING THE BROADWAY RUN OF THE MATCHMAKER IN 1957 BROADWAY PLAYBILL, 1957 SEANA MCKENNA AS DOLLY LEVI AT THE STRATFORD SHAKESPEARE FESTIVAL IN 2012 THE MATCHMAKER Horace Vandergelder, a wealthy merchant in 19th Century Yonkers, NY, decides to take a wife and employs a matchmaker, Mrs. Dolly Levi.  Dolly subsequently becomes involved with two of Vandergelder’s clerks, several lovely ladies, and the headwaiter at an expensive restaurant where this swift farce runs headlong into hilarious complications. After everyone gets straightened out romantically, Vandergelder finds himself affianced to the astute Dolly Levi herself.   The Matchmaker opened on Broadway on December 5, 1955 starring Ruth Gordon (Best Actress, Tony Award Nominee), directed by Tyrone Guthrie (Best Director, Tony Award Winner). The Matchmaker ran for 486 performances, Wilder’s Broadway record, and closed on February 2, 1957. It was later adapted as the musical Hello, Dolly!. Loud, slap dash and uproarious … extraordinarily original and funny. – The New York Times


The four bronze lions that surround Nelson's column in Trafalgar Square were sculpted by which British artist ?

Trafalgar Square Lions (Landseer's Lions) - Bob Speel's Website Landseer's Lion Statues in Trafalgar Square The famous statues of four lions in Trafalgar Square , surrounding Nelson's Column , are commonly known as the �Landseer Lions� after the artist who created them. It had not been intended that Landseer would sculpt the lions � the commission had gone first to the sculptor Thomas Milnes , now totally obscure, and he had made a set of four stone lions for the site. However, these were judged not impressive enough for the memorial to Nelson, and were in the end bought by Titus Salt, and sent to his village of Saltaire, where they remain today. So Edwin Landseer, the famous painter known above all for his dogs, and horses, was asked to design the lions in 1858. Landseer had in fact already made a series of paintings of lions, but was not a sculptor, but accepted the commission. He worked slowly, and four years on, was still sketching them; in the words of the Art Journal, he: �was now very accurately studying the habits of lions, and was to be seen in the Zoological Gardens making himself thoroughly acquainted with their attitudes�. Landseer's lions from different perspectives . After another year, the Athenaeum was moved to write: �Look at the column of our Great Naval hero in Trafalgar Square. Every Sunday and holiday, it is the playing-place of a crowd of blackguard boys, who chase one another round and round the pedestal without a word being said to them. When the lions, which Sir Edwin Landseer has taken so many years to think about, are fixed in their places, they, no doubt, will greatly add to the amusements of the young urchins who now scramble over the various blocks of granite.� By this time there was criticism of Landseer for the excessive length of time which had gone past, some direct, some ironic: �The public was agreeably surprised during the past month to find a huge boarding placed round Trafalgar Square. It was received as evidence that Sir Edwin Landseer had awakened from his sleep, and that the lions were about to be in their places. Soon, however, it was ascertained that the paviour [paving stone layer] and not the painter was busied in finishing the very ill-used locality, and the public was doomed to another disappointment.� In the event, it was only in 1866 that the first of the four lions was completed, and they were finally emplaced in 1867, almost a decade after Landseer had been awarded the commission. Landseer's lions, beloved of tourists and much climbed over . Almost a century and a half later though, the Trafalgar Square lions have become among the most popular of London�s statues ( see this page for a list of the others), and as predicted by the Athenaeum in 1863, they are indeed being continually climbed upon, though by tourists and native Londoners rather than merely �urchins�. The view above shows the top end of Whitehall as a backdrop. Lion statue with Canada House behind . The Trafalgar Square lion statues are not identical, though their sitting positions (�couchant� in heraldic terms) with front paws symmetrically forward, and tails curled elegantly around and by their sides, are the same, for they differ in the detail of mane and face. Despite their great size, among the largest of bronze sculptures in the country, they are dwarfed by Nelson�s column, which is thicker at the base than they are long, and despite their raised up position, each on a great plinth, they are easily concealed behind the other sculpture in the Square or by each other, so that from most vantages we see typically just two of them. Their positions, pointing outwards at the corners of a square, mean that the lions can be appreciated in front of a variety of splendid backdrops. Three of the four Lions Lion statues are of course extremely common in British sculpture, but apart from one � that by the sculptor George Simonds in Reading � there are none so large as the Trafalgar Square specimens. Lots of examples of lion statues are to be found on a separate page on this site . Landsee


Eel - definition of eel by The Free Dictionary Eel - definition of eel by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/eel  (ēl) n. pl. eel or eels 1. Any of various long, snakelike, scaleless marine or freshwater fishes of the order Anguilliformes that lack pelvic fins and characteristically migrate from fresh water to salt water to spawn. 2. Any of several similar fishes, such as the lamprey and electric eel. [Middle English ele, from Old English ǣl.] eel (iːl) n 1. (Animals) any teleost fish of the order Apodes (or Anguilliformes), such as the European freshwater species Anguilla anguilla, having a long snakelike body, a smooth slimy skin, and reduced fins 2. (Animals) any of various other animals with a long body and smooth skin, such as the mud eel and the electric eel 3. an evasive or untrustworthy person [Old English ǣl; related to Old Frisian ēl, Old Norse āll, Old High German āl] ˈeel-ˌlike adj (il) n., pl. (esp. collectively) eel, (esp. for kinds or species) eels. 1. any of numerous elongated, snakelike marine or freshwater fishes of the order Apodes, having no ventral fins. 2. any of several similar but unrelated fishes, as the lamprey. [before 1000; Middle English ele, Old English ēl, ǣl; c. Old Frisian ēl, Old Saxon, Old High German āl, Old Norse āll] eel′like, adj. eel (ēl) 1. Any of various fish having long, snake-like bodies without scales. Eels typically migrate from fresh to salt water to spawn. 2. Any of several similar fish, such as the lamprey. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:


Welcome to AnitaRoddick.com by Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop. Founder of The          Body Shop I was born in Littlehampton in 1942. As the child of an Italian immigrant couple in an English seaside town, I was a natural outsider, and I was drawn to other outsiders and rebels. James Dean was my schoolgirl idol. I also had a strong sense of moral outrage, which was awakened when I found a book about the Holocaust at the age of ten. I trained as a teacher but an educational opportunity on a kibbutz in Israel eventually turned into an extended working trip around the world. Soon after I got back to England, my mother introduced me to a young Scotsman named Gordon Roddick. Our bond was instant. Together we opened first a restaurant, and then a hotel in Littlehampton. We married in 1970, me with a baby on my back and another in my belly. I started The Body Shop in 1976 simply to create a livelihood for myself and my two daughters, while my husband, Gordon, was trekking across the Americas. I had no training or experience and my only business acumen was Gordonï¿½s advice to take sales of ï¿½300 a week. Nobody talks of entrepreneurship as survival, but that's exactly what it is and what nurtures creative thinking. Running that first shop taught me business is not financial science, itï¿½s about trading: buying and selling. Itï¿½s about creating a product or service so good that people will pay for it. Now 30 years on The Body Shop is a multi local business with over 2.045 stores serving over 77 million customers in 51 different markets in 25 different languages and across 12 time zones. And I havenï¿½t a clue how we got here! It wasnï¿½t only economic necessity that inspired the birth of The Body Shop. My early travels had given me a wealth of experience. I had spent time in farming and fishing communities with pre-industrial peoples, and been exposed to body rituals of women from all over the world. Also the frugality that my mother exercised during the war years made me question retail conventions. Why waste a container when you can refill it? And why buy more of something than you can use? We behaved as she did in the Second World War, we reused everything, we refilled everything and we recycled all we could. The foundation of The Body Shop's environmental activism was born out of ideas like these I am aware that success is more than a good idea. It is timing too. The Body Shop arrived just as Europe was going 'greenï¿½. The Body Shop has always been recognisable by its green colour, the only colour that we could find to cover the damp, mouldy walls of my first shop. I opened a second shop within six months, by which time Gordon was back in England. He came up with the idea for 'self-financing' more new stores, which sparked the growth of the franchise network through which The Body Shop spread across the world. The company went public in 1984. Since then, I have been given a whole host of awards, some I understand, some I donï¿½t and a couple I think I deserve. Businesses have the power to do good. Thatï¿½s why The Body Shopï¿½s Mission Statement opens with the overriding commitment, ï¿½To dedicate our business to the pursuit of social and environmental change.ï¿½ We use our stores and our products to help communicate human rights and environmental issues. In 1993 I met a delegation of Ogoni people from Nigeria. They were seeking justice and reparations against the giant oil multinational Shell that was ravaging their lands through oil exploration and production. Working with other NGOs, we turned their campaign into an international cause celebre. Tragically, the Ogoniï¿½s key spokesperson, Ken Saro-Wiwa and 8 other Ogoni, were executed in 1995 by the Nigerian Government. But our campaign continued and eventually 19 other imprisoned Ogoni were released. In 1997, after 4 years of unrelenting pressure, Shell issued a revised operating charter committing the company to human rights and sustainable development. A year later, they launched their ï¿½Profits and Principlesï¿½ advertising campaign declarin


In the Arabian Nights, what was the name of the giant bird of prey supposedly able to carry off elephants ?

1000+ images about Roc - Titan of Avians on Pinterest | Sinbad the sailor, Arabian nights and Mythology Forward "A bird of enormous size, bulky body and wide wings, flying in the air; and it was this that concealed the body of the sun and veiled it from the sun." In the account of Marko Polo the wingspan of the roc was 16 yards, its feathers were as big as palm leaves. The wind was the rush of its wings and its flight was lightning. The bird is usually described as being white. "According to Arabic tradition, the Roc never lands on earth, only on the mountain Qaf, the center of the world. See More


An orrery is a mechanical device used to illustrate what ?

Geocentric concept watch puts an orrery on your wrist Geocentric concept watch puts an orrery on your wrist View gallery - 2 images When it comes to timepieces I’m firmly in the camp that thinks the digital watch is the pinnacle of time telling technology. It imparts its information at a glance with no need to waste time adding or subtracting minutes in multiples of five, or estimating if the big hand is two or three minutes between markers – if there are markers at all. I will concede, however, that for many people watches are as much a fashion statement as a means to tell time and as such designers are always looking to redefine the humble watch in different and interesting ways. The latest eye-catching timepiece to catch our eye is the Geocentric concept watch that uses a motion similar to planets rotating around a sun to tell time. The brainchild of designer Geoffrey Cooper , the Geocentric watch displays the time through the position of three rotating rings on the face of the watch, giving it the appearance of a mini orrery – the mechanical devices used to illustrate the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons in the solar system. That appears to be Cooper’s intention, stating that the watch was inspired by science and science fiction. As with an orrery, the rings are in constant motion and the visibility of the watch’s interior mechanism only adds to what Copper calls, “a mesmerizing spectacle". It isn’t clear exactly how one reads time from the device, but presumably it is based on where each of the rings comes into contact with each other. Although the Geocentric watch is only a concept at this stage, it’s an analogue watch I’m willing to make time for. ... and in case you were wondering, we're indebted to Charles Boyle, Earl of Orrery (1676–1731) for the wonderful term given an apparatus that represents the position and motion of the planets. One of the first modern orrerys was made for Boyle in the early 1700s by George Graham and Thomas Tompion, although the idea has been around since classical times.


Which sporting event, first held in July 1903, was the idea of Geo Lefevre, a journalist on L'Auto newspaper ?

The Birth of the Tour de France, 110 Years Ago - History in the Headlines The Birth of the Tour de France, 110 Years Ago June 28, 2013 By Christopher Klein 2012 Tour de France The Birth of the Tour de France, 110 Years Ago Author The Birth of the Tour de France, 110 Years Ago URL Google Launched as a newspaper publicity stunt in 1903, the Tour de France instantly proved itself an epic test of endurance, with competitors in the first race pedaling through the night on grueling stages that lasted upwards of 24 hours. Cheating was also endemic from the very start. As the Tour de France embarks on its 100th edition—world wars canceled 11 races—take a look back at the birth of the world’s most famous cycling race. On July 1, 1903, 60 men mounted their bicycles outside the Café au Reveil Matin in the Parisian suburb of Montgeron. The five-dozen riders were mostly French, with just a sprinkle of Belgians, Swiss, Germans and Italians. A third were professionals sponsored by bicycle manufacturers, the others simply devotees of the sport. All 60 wheelmen, however, were united by the challenge of embarking on an unprecedented test of endurance—not to mention the 20,000 francs in prize money—in the inaugural Tour de France. At 3:16 p.m., the cyclists turned the pedals of their bicycles and raced into the unknown. Nothing like the Tour de France had ever been attempted before. Journalist Geo Lefevre had dreamt up the fanciful race as a stunt to boost the circulation of his struggling daily sports newspaper, L’Auto. Henri Desgrange, the director-editor of L’Auto and a former champion cyclist himself, loved the idea of turning France into one giant velodrome. They developed a 1,500-mile clockwise loop of the country running from Paris to Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux and Nantes before returning to the French capital. There were no Alpine climbs and only six stages—as opposed to the 21 stages in the 2013 Tour— but the distances covered in each of them were monstrous, an average of 250 miles. (No single stage in the 2013 Tour tops 150 miles.) Between one and three rest days were scheduled between stages for recovery. The inaugural Tour de France, July 1903. The first stage of the epic race was particularly dastardly. The route from Paris to Lyon stretched nearly 300 miles. No doubt several of the riders who wheeled away from Paris worried not about winning the race—but surviving it. Unlike today’s riders, the cyclists in 1903 rode over unpaved roads without helmets. They rode as individuals, not team members. Riders could receive no help. They could not glide in the slipstream of fellow riders or vehicles of any kind. They rode without support cars. Cyclists were responsible for making their own repairs. They even rode with spare tires and tubes wrapped around their torsos in case they developed flats. And unlike modern-day riders, the cyclists in the 1903 Tour de France, forced to cover enormous swathes of land, spent much of the race riding through the night with moonlight the only guide and stars the only spectators. During the early morning hours of the first stage, race officials came across many competitors “riding like sleepwalkers.” Hour after hour through the night, riders abandoned the race. One of the favorites, Hippolyte Aucouturier, quit after developing stomach cramps, perhaps from the swigs of red wine he took as an early 1900s version of a performance enhancer. Twenty-three riders abandoned the first stage of the race, but the one man who barreled through the night faster than anyone else was another pre-race favorite, 32-year-old professional Maurice Garin. The mustachioed French national worked as a chimney sweep as a teenager before becoming one of France’s leading cyclists. Caked in mud, the diminutive Garin crossed the finish line in Lyon a little more than 17 hours after the start outside Paris. In spite of the race’s length, he won by only one minute. “The Little Chimney Sweep” built his lead as the race progressed. By the fifth stage, Garin had a two-hour advantage. When his nearest competitor suffered two f