"Which female impersonator, Daniel Carroll, whose career began in 1945 and whose most famous role was in the lead of a major production of ""Hello Dolly!"", died in June 2009?"

'Comic in a frock' Danny La Rue dies | Daily Mail Online comments Showbusiness stars paid tribute last night to Danny La Rue, who has died aged 81. The female impersonator, whose career spanned 60 years, died peacefully in his sleep just before midnight on Sunday. La Rue had been battling cancer. Showstopping: Danny La Rue, who died on Sunday, used to hold audiences spellbound with his glamorous costumes Noel Coward is said to have once described La Rue as ‘the most utterly charming man in the business’. On the West End stage he triumphed in seven major shows including Come Spy With Me at the Whitehall Theatre, The Danny La Rue Show at the Prince of Wales theatre, and Aladdin at the London Palladium. He took part in more than 50 pantomimes. Bruce Forsyth said: ‘He was a great showman and his nightclub in London was the place to go when you were having a special night out.’ Close friend Barbara Windsor said she was ‘devastated’. On their last meeting three weeks ago she told him: ‘You look terrific and you look so handsome.’ She said La Rue’s eyes lit up and he asked her if she fancied ‘a bit, then?’ La Rue’s companion Annie Galbraith was with him at their home in Kent when he died. The tragedy of how Danny La Rue rose to the top ...then lost everything At the height of his fame the legendary female impersonator Danny La Rue, who died on Sunday, aged 81, held audiences spellbound - dominating the stage with his blonde wigs, platform shoes, pink ostrich feather fans and huge plumed headdresses which made him more than 7ft tall. He impersonated all the greats, including Marlene Dietrich, Elizabeth Taylor, Zsa Zsa Gabor - and Margaret Thatcher. Even Sir Noel Coward conceded he was a master, calling him 'utterly charming' and his act 'beautifully done'. Bob Hope described him as 'the most glamorous woman in the world'. Danny preferred not to call himself a drag queen, but 'a comic in a frock'. Whatever his title, audiences loved him. He became the first drag artist ever to appear before the Queen at the Royal Variety Performance - the Queen Mother particularly loved his on-stage characterisation of Lady Cynthia Grope, 'the hoary toastess of the Conservative Party'. His jokes were often on the edge, but never smutty. 'I went to the Palace,' he would declare, 'and the Queen said: "Kneel." I said: "If I'd known it was that sort of party, I would have come earlier!" ' His popularity made Danny one of the wealthiest stage performers in the Sixties. A multi-millionaire with his own West End nightclub favoured by royals and celebrities alike, he also owned two hotels, luxury homes in Hampstead and Henley-on-Thames and a 12-bedroom chateau in the South of France. But Danny's last years were unbearably poignant. The man, whose trademark was his glamour, lost his property and fortune in a series of botched business deals. Three years ago, as his last home - a modest Southampton bungalow - went under the auctioneer's hammer, he was forced to sell off his favourite memorabilia. He moved into the spare room of his wardrobe mistress, Annie Galbraith - 'Annie the Angel', as friends called her - in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. There, he tried in vain to beat the throat cancer that eventually killed him. Flamboyant: La Rue in full drag regalia Luvvies: The comic with his former co-star Barbara Windsor in 1999 Danny La Rue was, in all senses, a West End figure. Born in Cork in 1927, Daniel Carroll, as he was christened, was only 18 months old when his father died of pneumonia. His mother moved to London's Soho, where she worked as a seamstress to support the little boy and her four older children. A devout Roman Catholic all his life, he was an altar boy at St Patrick's Church, Soho - and even made his acting debut at the age of nine in the church hall, playing the title role in the Christmas pantomime, Cinderella. Though the family home was bombed during the Second World War and the Carrolls were evacuated to the Devon countryside, young Danny did not lose his feeling for the stage. He played the female lead in three Shakespearean schoo


Who led the first expedition that reached the South Pole?

South Pole: Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, Still Competing for History - ABC News ABC News South Pole: Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott Still Race By PETER GWYNNE WATCH Teen Reaches South Pole 0 Shares Email On December 14, 1911 , a five-man Norwegian team led by Roald Amundsen became the first explorers to reach the South Pole. Another five-man expedition reached the pole just 34 days later, this time a led by British Navy Captain Robert Falcon Scott . But a century later, both teams still seem to be competing against one another. While Amundsen's team traveled faultlessly back to their base on the edge of Antarctica and then on to civilization, Scott and his companions all died on their return from the pole. Today, both teams in the race to the Earth's southern extremity leave behind legacies that impact the modern understanding of the so-called heroic era of exploration, as well as the scientific understanding of the forbidding continent of Antarctica. Initially, Scott was seen as a tragic hero, particularly in Britain and other English-speaking countries. Many observers outside Scandinavia regarded Amundsen -- who had secretly changed his destination from the North to the South Pole -- as a usurper who had unsportingly jumped in on Scott's long-planned mission. Shifting Reputations Then in 1979, a book by Roland Huntford, a British journalist with long experience in Scandinavia, painted an entirely different picture. In "Scott and Amundsen," Huntford portrayed Scott as an incompetent martinet and Amundsen as a perfect team leader who serenely achieved results. "Scott was the parade ground automaton waiting for orders, while Amundsen wanted to give each man independence and make him feel that he was worth something," Huntford said. "Amundsen made sure that his men never approached the outer limits of exhaustion; he had enough food and a large margin of safety. Scott took delight in exhausting himself, as the English idea was exhaustion and suffering." "Huntford's book was the first to take a contrary view of Scott," said Heather Lane, keeper of collections at the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge, England. "Possibly more influential in changing public perception was the BBC drama based on it." Recently, views have begun to change again. Some historians point to the two ventures' contrasting goals. While Amundsen sought only the pole, they say, Scott's expedition included several prominent scientists who carried out significant research in other parts of Antarctica while the five-man team undertook its polar journey. "While Scott's objective was to get to the pole, he was completely committed to running a first-rate scientific expedition," said Edward Larson, university professor of history at Pepperdine University in Malibu, Calif. In addition, some meteorological studies have made Scott a more sympathetic leader, by suggesting that his party encountered unprecedentedly bad weather on their return from the pole. "The work done by recent biographers and historians has enabled a far more balanced view of Scott's achievements to come to the fore," Lane said. Fateful Decisions Amundsen's change of destination lies at the crux of the debate over the two men's reputations. A fearless explorer who had led the first party to navigate the Northwest Passage above Canada's and Alaska's Arctic coast, Amundsen originally planned to sail from Norway on a route that would take him around the tip of South America and then north for an attempt on the then undiscovered North Pole. But that target became moot in September, 1909, when Amundsen learned of claims by two Americans, Robert Peary and Frederick Cook, that they had reached 90 degrees north. Today, most Arctic historians regard both claims as false. Burdened by debts incurred in furnishing his expedition, Amundsen decided that he needed a spectacular achievement to appeal to his creditors. He chose the South Pole -- but initially told only his close friends. That represented a direct challenge to Scott, who, in 1909, had announced his intention to try for t


United States Low Elevation Points List By Amanda Briney Updated October 09, 2016. The United States of America is the third largest country in the world based on land area. The U.S. has a total area of 3,794,100 square miles (9,826,675 sq km) and is divided into 50 different states. These states vary in their topography and some have their lowest elevations far below sea level, while others are much higher. The following is a list of the lowest points in each of the 50 U.S. states arranged with the lowest elevations first: 1) California: Badwater Basin, Death Valley at -282 feet (-86 m) 2) Louisiana: New Orleans at -8 feet (-2 m) 3) Alabama: Gulf of Mexico at 0 feet (0 m) 4) Alaska: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 5) Connecticut: Long Island Sound at 0 feet (0 m) 6) Delaware: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 7) Florida: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 8) Georgia: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 9) Hawaii: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 10) Maine: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 11) Maryland: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 12) Massachusetts: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 13) Mississippi: Gulf of Mexico at 0 feet (0 m) 14) New Hampshire: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 15) New Jersey : Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 16) New York : Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 17) North Carolina : Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 18) Oregon: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 19) Pennsylvania: Delaware River at 0 feet (0 m) 20) Rhode Island : Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 21) South Carolina : Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 22) Texas: Gulf of Mexico at 0 feet (0 m) 23) Virginia: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 24) Washington: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 m) 25) Arkansas: Ouachita River at 55 feet (17 m) 26) Arizona: Colorado River at 70 feet (21 m) 27) Vermont: Lake Champlain at 95 feet (29 m) 28) Tennessee: Mississippi River at 178 feet (54 m) 29) Missouri: Saint Francis River at 230 feet (70 m) 30) West Virginia: Potomac River at 240 feet (73 m) 31) Kentucky: Mississippi River at 257 feet (78 m) 32) Illinois: Mississippi River at 279 feet (85 m) 33) Oklahoma: Little River at 289 feet (88 m) 34) Indiana: Ohio River at 320 feet (98 m) 35) Ohio: Ohio River at 455 feet (139 m) 36) Nevada: Colorado River at 479 feet (145 m) 37) Iowa: Mississippi River at 480 feet (146 m) 38) Michigan: Lake Erie at 571 feet (174 m) 39) Wisconsin: Lake Michigan at 579 feet (176 m) 40) Minnesota: Lake Superior at 601 feet (183 m) 41) Kansas: Verdigris River at 679 feet (207 m) 42) Idaho: Snake River at 710 feet (216 m) 43) North Dakota : Red River at 750 feet (229 m) 44) Nebraska: Missouri River at 840 feet (256 m) 45) South Dakota : Big Stone Lake at 966 feet (294 m) 46) Montana: Kootenai River at 1,800 feet (549 m) 47) Utah: Beaver Dam Wash at 2,000 feet (610 m) 48) New Mexico : Red Bluff Reservoir at 2,842 feet (866 m) 49) Wyoming: Belle Fourche River at 3,099 feet (945 m) 50) Colorado: Arikaree River at 3,317 feet (1,011 m)


What is an alternative name for Belladonna?

Belladonna Effectiveness, Safety, and Drug Interactions on RxList Dosing considerations for Belladonna. What other names is Belladonna known by? Atropa belladonna, Atropa acuminata, Baccifère, Belladona, Belladone, Belle-Dame, Belle-Galante, Bouton Noir, Cerise du Diable, Cerise Enragée, Cerise d'Espagne, Deadly Nightshade, Devil's Cherries, Devil's Herb, Divale, Dwale, Dwayberry, Grande Morelle, Great Morel, Guigne de la C ôte, Herbe à la Mort, Herbe du Diable, Indian Belladonna, Morelle Furieuse, Naughty Man's Cherries, Poison Black Cherries, Suchi. What is Belladonna? Belladonna is a plant. The leaf and root are used to make medicine. The name "belladonna" means "beautiful lady," and was chosen because of a risky practice in Italy. The belladonna berry juice was used historically in Italy to enlarge the pupils of women, giving them a striking appearance. This was not a good idea, because belladonna can be poisonous. Though widely regarded as unsafe, belladonna is used as a sedative, to stop bronchial spasms in asthma and whooping cough, and as a cold and hay fever remedy. It is also used for Parkinson's disease, colic, motion sickness, and as a painkiller. Belladonna is used in ointments that are applied to the skin for joint pain (rheumatism), leg pain caused by a disc in the backbone pushing on the sciatic nerve (sciatica), and nerve pain (neuralgia). Belladonna is also used in plasters (medicine-filled gauze applied to the skin) for treating psychiatric disorders, a behavior disorder called hyperkinesis, excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), and bronchial asthma. Rectally, belladonna is used in hemorrhoid suppositories. Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for... Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Early research suggests that taking belladonna along with the drug phenobarbital by mouth for one month does not improve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Asthma.


Since 2002, the awards presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences have been broadcast from which venue?

Academy Story | Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy President from 1927-1929 Birth of the Academy During a dinner at his home, M-G-M studio chief Louis B. Mayer and his guests talked about creating an organized group to benefit the film industry. A week later, 36 invitees from all the creative branches of the film industry dined at Los Angeles's Ambassador Hotel to hear a proposal to found the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Articles of incorporation were soon presented and officers were elected with Douglas Fairbanks as president. 1928 1928 Awards of Merit One of the first Academy committees was the Awards of Merit. The seven-person committee suggested to the Board that awards be presented in 12 categories. The Academy published its first book in 1928 - Report on Incandescent Illumination, based on a series of Academy-sponsored seminars attended by 150 cinematographers. A second book, Recording Sound for Motion Pictures, was published in 1931, based on a lecture series on sound techniques. 1929 Academy President from 1929–1931 William C. DeMille The First Oscars The first Academy Awards ceremony was a May 16 banquet at the Roosevelt Hotel's Blossom Room with 270 attendees. Recipients were announced three months earlier; the next year the Academy kept the results secret but gave an advance list to newspapers for publication at 11 p.m. This continued until 1940 when the Los Angeles Times published the winners in its evening edition - readily available to arriving guests. That prompted the sealed-envelope system in use today. By the second year, enthusiasm for the Awards was such that a Los Angeles radio station produced a live broadcast. 1930 1930 Finding A Home In June, the Academy rented a suite of offices at 7046 Hollywood Boulevard to give more space for the increased staff. The Academy's operations remained there until 1935, when the offices moved to the Taft Building and the library went to North Gordon Street. 1931 Frank Capra A Source Of Security Film Editing, Music Scoring, and Song were added to the categories honoring films released in 1934. The year also brought the first write-in campaign, seeking to nominate Bette Davis for her performance in "Of Human Bondage." (Academy rules now prohibit write-ins on the final ballot.) Also that year, the Academy retained the accounting firm of Price Waterhouse to tabulate the ballots and ensure the secrecy of the results. The firm, now called PricewaterhouseCoopers, continues to tabulate the voting to this day. 1937 1937 Strong Support The first Supporting Actor and Supporting Actress Academy Awards are presented for performances in films of 1936. The honors went to Walter Brennan for "Come and Get it" and Gale Sondergaard for "Anthony Adverse." The Academy Players Directory was published, including photos of actors and the name of their agent or industry contact. The directory was published by the Academy until 2006, when it was sold to a private company. 1938 1938 Time For Thalberg The Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award was presented for the first time at the ceremony held in 1938. The honor went to Darryl F. Zanuck. For the first time, the Oscar ceremony was delayed when massive flooding in Los Angeles pushed the date back one week. By 1938 the Academy's Research Council, a forerunner of today's Science and Technology Council, had 36 technical committees working to address issues related to sound recording and reproduction, projection, lighting, film preservation and cinematography. 1939 1968 HAPPINESS AND TRAGEDY Grants were awarded to film-related organizations and colleges for internships, film festivals and other projects, following the establishment of a scholarship program for film students in the mid 1960s. The Oscar ceremony was postponed from April 8 to April 10 out of respect for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who had been assassinated a few days earlier, and whose funeral was held on April 9. 1969 1969 OSCAR GOES WORLDWIDE The Oscars were broadcast internationally for the first time; now the show reaches m


Who instigated the first complete translation of the Bible into English?

English Bible History: Timeline of how we got the English Bible   English Bible History The fascinating story of how we got the Bible in its present form actually    starts thousands of years ago, as briefly outlined in our Timeline     of Bible Translation History . As a background study, we recommend     that you first review our discussion of the Pre-Reformation     History of the Bible from 1,400 B.C. to 1,400 A.D. , which covers     the transmission of the scripture through the original languages of     Hebrew and    Greek, and the 1,000 years of the Dark & Middle Ages when the Word    was trapped in only Latin. Our starting point in this discussion of Bible    history, however, is the    advent of the scripture in the English language with the “Morning    Star of the Reformation”, John Wycliffe. John Wycliffe The first hand-written    English language Bible manuscripts were produced in the 1380's AD by John Wycliffe , an Oxford professor,    scholar, and theologian. Wycliffe, (also spelled “Wycliff” & “Wyclif”), was well-known throughout Europe for his opposition    to the teaching of the organized Church, which he believed to be contrary    to the Bible. With the help of his followers, called the Lollards, and his    assistant Purvey, and many other faithful scribes, Wycliffe produced dozens    of English language manuscript copies of the scriptures. They were translated    out of the Latin Vulgate, which was the only source text available to Wycliffe.    The Pope was so infuriated by his teachings and his translation of the Bible    into English, that 44 years after Wycliffe had died, he ordered the bones    to be dug-up, crushed, and scattered in the river! John Hus One of Wycliffe’s followers, John Hus ,    actively promoted Wycliffe’s ideas: that people should be permitted    to read the Bible in their own language, and they should oppose the tyranny    of the Roman church that threatened anyone possessing a non-Latin Bible    with execution. Hus was burned at the stake in 1415, with    Wycliffe’s manuscript Bibles used as kindling for the fire. The last    words of John Hus were that, “in 100 years, God will raise up    a man whose calls for reform cannot be suppressed.” Almost exactly    100 years later, in 1517, Martin Luther nailed his famous    95 Theses of Contention (a list of 95 issues of heretical theology and crimes    of the Roman Catholic Church) into the church door at Wittenberg. The prophecy    of Hus had come true! Martin Luther went on to be the first person to translate and publish the Bible in the commonly-spoken dialect of the German people; a translation more appealing than previous German Biblical translations. Foxe’s Book of Martyrs records that    in that same year, 1517, seven people were burned    at the stake by the Roman Catholic Church for the crime of teaching their    children to say the Lord’s    Prayer in English rather than Latin. Johann Gutenberg Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press    in the 1450's, and the first book to ever be printed was    a Latin language Bible, printed in Mainz, Germany. Gutenberg’s    Bibles were surprisingly beautiful, as each    leaf Gutenberg printed was later colorfully hand-illuminated. Born as “Johann Gensfleisch” (John Gooseflesh), he preferred to be known    as “Johann Gutenberg” (John Beautiful Mountain). Ironically,    though he had created what many believe to be the most important invention    in history, Gutenberg was a victim of unscrupulous business associates who    took control of his business and left him in poverty. Nevertheless, the    invention of the movable-type printing press meant that Bibles and books    could finally be effectively produced in large quantities in a short period    of time. This was essential to the success of the Reformation. Thomas Linacre In the 1490’s another Oxford professor, and the personal physician


Andreas Thorkildsen set a new Olympic record at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing for throwing what?

Beijing 2008: Athletics - Thorkildsen shines among the northern lights | Sport | The Guardian Share on Messenger Close Possessing a name beginning with Thor, he might have gone for the hammer. But Andreas Thorkildsen followed the Scandinavian tradition and won the javelin, again in his case, for he was the defending champion from Athens. Into the bargain, he broke the Olympic record with his winning fifth throw that sailed 90.57m, nearly four metres beyond his nearest rival, from his end of the Bird's Nest towards the high jump at the other. Ainars Kovals of Latvia took silver, while bronze went to Tero Pitkamaki, the Finn who, last year, at a Golden League meeting in Rome, sent a javelin slightly off course, into France's Salim Sdiri, who was minding his own business at the long jump. Sdiri found himself impaled, but the missile missed his vital organs. That's track and field for you. Thorkildsen and Pitkamaki represent the ongoing Scandinavian presence in the javelin hall of fame. For medals won, that is, not damage done to fellow athletes. Of the 69 javelin medals at the modern Olympics, 32 have been won by Norwegians, Swedes and Finns. Jan Zelezny rather interrupted their run of success, and stood in the way of Steve Backley come to think of it, winning three golds in succession. The great Zelezny, whose world record of 98.48m still stands, despite losing his Olympic one to Thorkildsen, was here as coach to Vitezslav Vesely of the Czech Republic, a country linked to the North Europeans by its cold winters. It is a theme, one not to be ignored on another soggy night of heat in Beijing. The javelin final was a little corner of cold-winter countries, stretching around the top of the world, embracing Scandinavia, Latvia, Russia, the Czech Republic and Canada. The odd thrower out was Jarrod Bannister, not just from Australia, but from tropical Townsville in Queensland. He was considered a contender, having thrown the longest this year before the Games, but he finished in sixth place. The other throwing events at the Games embrace a broader set of latitudes. Valerie Vili even took a gold medal for the southern hemisphere, the 23-year-old New Zealander with a Scottish father adding the Olympic to her world shot put title. Vili, they say, will be a force in London 2012 and beyond. She had the ferocious look of a Maori in full haka when in her circle of operation, but on the winning rostrum last Saturday a tear fell from her eye before a giant smile lit up her face. In the men's shot, the winner was Tomasz Majewski of Poland, who never really let his fierceness slacken. The men's hammer was won by Primoz Kozmus of Slovenia and the discus by Gerd Kanter of Estonia. European men are good, it seems, at throwing things. Barbora Spotakova threw for the honour of European womanhood, winning the javelin, while Aksana Miankova set a new Olympic record in the hammer, ahead of Yipsi Moreno of Cuba, whose first name is so delicious in the slightly virile world of chucking a lump of metal out of sight. The women's discus was won by Stephanie Brown-Trafton of the US, a surrender of power by Europe. And then there was Vili, and nobody would dare argue with Valerie that spreading the medals wasn't a good idea. Living with pain - self-inflicted, it should be said - seems to be a feature of life for the throwers. All the javelin finalists report a catalogue of reconstructive work on shoulders and elbows. They say that the very best throws cause no stress at all, that there is a javelin sweet spot, but when you are trying to squeeze a little more out of joints rotating, straightening and straining, something is liable to give. I think it was the Swedes who developed the technique of pointing the lead shoulder way off line before whipping it back as the javelin comes through. It makes it all a very technical sport, and if the technique is faulty, then, well, nobody is safe. Thorkildsen suffered a prolapsed disc in his back in 2007. He said it was like being hit in the back by a club with a knife in it. How would he know? It comes as no real sur


What peninsula on the north coast of the Black Sea is connected to the mainland by the isthmus of Perekop?

Crimea (Ukraine) - GAMEO Crimea (Ukraine) Source: Wikipedia Commons Crimea (Krim), a peninsula on the north coast of the Black Sea, is connected with the mainland by the Isthmus of Perekop (three miles or five km. wide), with a great variety of landscape and topography: prairies in the north, mountains with meadows (the Yaila) and woods in the center, the Riviera-like south shore with resorts (Yalta), military harbors (Sevastopol, Kerch), an area of slightly more than 9,000 sq. mi., and a population of 741,081 of several races: Russians, Tatars, Jews, and Germans, including 4,817 Mennonites in 1926. In 2007 the total population was estimated to be just under 2,000,000. Mennonites began to settle here soon after the Crimean War (1853-1856); probably they became acquainted with it in the course of their transportation duties for the government and preferred it to the other lands under consideration for settlement situated on the Amur in Siberia. In 1860 Mennonite land seekers looked over several possible sites, and in 1862 four villages were established, which were later followed by others. Settlement was made on purchased as well as on leased land, in several large villages, but mostly in small ones, on scattered farms, and a few large estates owned by single families, the largest comprising some 20,000 acres. Before World War I there were 25 villages and many separate ranches. In 1926 there were 70 villages with 892 families and 4,817 persons, besides those on larger estates. After the difficulties of beginning had been conquered, the Crimean colony developed fast. In 1926 it covered 108,000 acres. Agriculture, cattle-raising, and fruit culture were the chief occupations. The Mennonite settlers of the Crimea originally came from the Molotschna settlement . They lived mostly in small villages or on estates, which were located in the following districts: Kerch, Theodosia (Feodosiya), Simferopol (in which the larger Mennonite villages and centers such as Karassan and Spat were located), Dzhankoi, Eupatoria (Yevpatoriya), and Perekop (with Tchongrav where the Bible school was located). Intellectual progress kept pace with the material. Schools were taken for granted; in Karassan and Spat there were secondary schools; in 1918 a Bible school was opened in Tchongrav , which was later transplanted to Winkler , Manitoba . To promote spiritual life a publishing company was opened in Spat in 1897 by Abraham and Jakob Kroeker , which published the Christlicher Familien-Kalender , and later the Christlicher Abreisskalender ; in 1902 they began the first Mennonite weekly, the Friedensstimme , which was later (1905) transferred to Halbstadt on the Molotschna, in northern Taurida. These publications and Hermann A. Rempel's Evangelische Mennonitische Brüderschaft group gave voice to the strongly pietistic tendencies of the Crimean Mennonites. Before World War I the Crimea was also the center of the Phyloxera Commandos , a group of Mennonite young men who performed their alternative service, not in the usual forestry, but in finding and destroying the dangerous phyloxera vine louse in the state vineyards. As a rule the commandos worked only in summer. During the war there were a good dozen Mennonite commandos here with 1,000-1,500 men in road-building and forestry; they were demobilized in 1917 and 1918. Thanks to its favorable strategic situation the Crimea was protected from Bolshevik and anarchist invasion during the Revolution 1917 ff . It therefore served as a refuge for persons fleeing the mainland. Hence the number of Mennonites increased. In 1910 there were 3,500 souls; in 1926 over 5,000, because here the Revolution with its shooting, deportations, etc., and its consequence, emigration, did not diminish the population. In 1921, which was a severe famine year, the Crimea, through Sevastopol, became the gate of entry for American Mennonite Relief . The oldest and largest Mennonite congregation was the Karassan Mennonite Church , which was founded in 1862 and had branches in Spat (after 1882), Dyurmen (after 1884), and Pasha-Tchakma


The naval battle fought on 2 April 1801 known as the Battle of Copenhagen was fought between Denmark and a navy from where?

Battle of Copenhagen 1801 How to cite this article Free Ships vs Blockage One of the great controversies of naval warfare has always been over the right of neutral trading nations during times of war. The British position had always been that denying their enemies their trade was a legitimate part of warfare. As a naval power, blockade was a key part of the British planning for any war. In contrast, most neutral powers held to the theory of free ships and free trade – neutral ships should be allowed to continue as normal, protected by their flag, or if needed, by their fleet. The situation was made more complicated by the accepted trading patterns of the period – genuinely free trade was rare during peacetime. Legal opinion tended to divide trade during warfare into two categories – trade that was allowed during peacetime and trade that was not. Most countries restricted trade with their colonies to their own ships – French colonies, French ships – but during wartime were willing to allow neutral ships to take on some of the risk of trade. Britain, as the power most likely to be blockading trade, was not willing to allow this trade. Another problem was the definition of contraband. By the time of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars , Britain operated a wide definition of contraband goods that included just about anything that could be of help to the enemy. Neutral trading nations, including the Baltic nations soon to be involved in the armed neutrality, tended towards a narrower definition, which excluded the majority of naval stores. Some countries tended to adapt whatever attitude suited their alliances at the time. The United States has been particularly prone to switching her position on this issue depending on her involvement in the war in question, supporting free trade while neutral, and the right to blockade once involved in any war. At this time, the American position was strongly pro-free trade, a major contribution to the outbreak of war in 1812. Britain insisted on the right to ‘visit and search’ ships at sea. This right was an absolutely essential part of any policy of naval blockade, but it was also the main cause of friction between Britain and the neutral powers. There was a widespread legal consensus around Europe in favour of this right, supported by French, Spanish, Swiss and Swedish legal opinion (amongst others). That did not mean that it was unopposed. A common counter argument was that if ships were in convoy, then a statement by the commander of the naval escort that the convoy contained no contraband goods should be enough. This principle was unacceptable to the British, who could point out that no convoy commander could be entirely sure what was being carried by the ships was protecting, but who also felt that it was an unacceptable principle. Even if the convoy commander was being honest, there was no consensus on the nature of contraband. A series of incidents involving Swedish and Danish ships brought this issue to the fore. In January 1798 a Swedish convoy, escorted by a single frigate, was searched in the Channel. The frigate offered some resistance – token and as a matter of honour according to the frigate’s commander. However, when the convoy was searched a variety of naval stores were found (including tar, pitch and hemp). This was clearly contraband by British standards, but despite this the Swedes still maintained that the convoy should not have been searched. The next two major incidents involved Danish ships. At the end of December 1799 a Danish merchantman was seized off Gibraltar, despite some opposition from a Danish frigate. The most dramatic incident came in July 1800. An attempt was made to search a Danish convoy off Ostend. The commander of the escorting frigate refused to give permission, and then fired on the British ships when they continued with the searches. This was more than a token resistance – there were casualties on both sides – and the entire convoy was seized. In the aftermath, the British government attempted to


In the USA it is called a bathrobe. What do the British call it?

British to American Dictionary   Accelerator: The foot-pedal one presses    to make the car go faster. Americans call it the "gas pedal" As well: too or also Barnet: complicated one this. It's an example    of cockney rhyming slang. "Barnet Fair" / "Hair". Barnet    is an area of London. Another example is "Hello me old China" - China plate/mate. Blag: means to "wheedle" something for    free, as in "I managed to blag a ride into town". Americans apparently    use "mooch" in the same context. Bloody: expl.adj.  A great British multi-purpose    swear word. Best known in "Bloody Hell!" It is used in similar    fashion to f---ing, for emphasis, but isn't quite so offensive. Its derivation    has nothing to do with blood. Rather it's a contraction (historically) of "by Our Lady." Bugger: a word with no direct American equivalent    when used (as is usual) apart from the dictionary sexual definition. Rather,    it's an expletive along the lines of f*** and s***, and similarly not used    in polite society. Bugger off means "get lost". As an adjective    (-ed) can mean "exhausted" or "defeated". As a noun    used as an appelation (Kill the buggers) it is quite derogatory, can imply    a degree of subhumanity. The word is sometimes "disguised" by    substituting "beggar". On the other hand you might call someone    who just won the lottery "a lucky bugger." Bum: This is the British version of butt.    (It's also used by Shakespeare). What the Americans call bums, the    Brits call tramps. Car park: the place where you park your vehicle    while shopping, working etc. Americans call it a parking lot, which    to a Brit. sounds like your car is about to be auctioned. Crook: actually this is Australian slang. It    means sick Cupboard: Any closet in the house.    Cupboards in the kitchen contain food, crockery, etc. In the bedroom they    contain clothes and sometimes skeletons. Dressing gown: what Americans call a bathrobe.    The outfit that you wear when you come out of the bath to answer the door    like attractive young ladies tend to do in coffee commercials. Duvet: the big puffy quilt thing that covers    you in bed, unless you still use sheets. Americans would have a "comforter".    Brits use comforters too - babies suck on them. Faff: To faff is to bumble on about matters    that aren't quite relevant. It's much akin to "pussyfoot". It    is also applied to actions, as when women (as seen by men) faff around trying    on different clothes before going out. Fancy: apart from the standard meaning, Brits    use fancy to indicate a certain attraction to a member of the opposite    sex. (OK so maybe gays use it too - let's not go there). So fancy might translate to having the hots for someone. Gob & Gobsmacked: Gob is slang for mouth;    Gobsmacked decribes someone who has had a sudden maybe shocking surprise.    Something like dumbfounded. I guess it's "as if" the person    had been punched in the mouth. Gormless: lacking sense, bordering on moronic. Grass: other than the ubiquitous term for a certain    illegal substance, a grass or to grass means being an informer.    Roughly equivalent to a "snitch." Grizzle: Grizzling is grumbling or moaning,    much like whinging . Often used to refer to grumpy    babies. Handbrake: equivalent to the American Parking Brake or Emergency Brake. Jungle-Jim: Jungle Jim is like a climbing    frame; the big ones are sometimes called Jungle-Jims. Jumper: the Americans would call this a sweater,    which is also used meaning the same thing (I think). Knackered: to describe yourself as "knackered" means that you are really tired - something like "beat". Technically    it describes being exhausted - after sex! In everyday usage, the technicality    is usually forgotten. Lift: a simple monosyllabic word that the Americans    replaced with a bigger, better word with 4 syllables: elevator Lorry: Lorries are Trucks, but tend to


A New Zealand squash player who dominated the sport in the late 1980s and early 1990s, winning the World Open 4 times, is Susan who?

140 years of squash – World Squash Also available as a pdf document For over 1000 years man has invented and enjoyed a variety of games played by hitting a ball with either a closed fist – as in “fives” or “bunch of fingers” – or with some form of bat or racket. Around the year 1148 the French played “la Paume”, meaning “the palm of the hand”, which developed into Jeu de Paume, Real Tennis, Royal Tennis or, if you play the sport, simply Tennis. At sometime in the early 19th century this obsession with rackets and balls spawned another variety of the sport in the unlikely birthplace of the Fleet Prison in London. The prisoners in “The Fleet”, mainly debtors, took their exercise by hitting a ball against walls, of which there were many, with rackets and so started the game of “Rackets”. Rackets progressed, by some strange route, to Harrow and other select English schools about 1820 and it was from this source that our own sport of Squash, or Squash Rackets, developed. Squash was invented in Harrow school around 1830, when the pupils discovered that a punctured Rackets ball, which “squashed” on impact with the wall, produced a game with a greater variety of shots and required much more effort on the part of the players, who could not simply wait for the ball to bounce back to them as with Rackets. The variant proved popular and in 1864 the first four Squash courts were constructed at the school and Squash was officially founded as a sport in its own right. In those early days Squash, as with all other sports, was without any form of international standardisation and it was inevitable that slight variations in the way it was played, and the equipment used, would occur. Luckily only two main streams of activity followed, one in England with its 21 feet wide courts and “soft” ball and the other in North America, with its 18½ feet wide courts and “hard” ball and with both courts having the same length of 32 feet the universality of Squash was not seriously challenged. We will look at these two branches separately and also at the way in which Squash spread to almost every nation in the world. EARLY DAYS IN ENGLAND The first recorded reference to “Squash”, other than in Harrow school, appeared in 1890 in the English book “The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes” written by the Duke of Beaufort. Eustace Miles, a world championship at both Tennis and Rackets, wrote the first book on Squash in 1901; stating that the sport was enjoyed by thousands of players in various parts of the world. By that time there were courts in schools and universities in England and some also in private houses. The first professional Squash Championship was held in 1920 in England, when C.R. Read (Queens Club) beat A.W.B. Johnson (RAC Club). In 1923 H.A.L. Rudd, writing in “Baily’s Magazine”, forecast that Rackets would lose many players to Squash with the arrival of the first English Amateur Championships. He was concerned at this prospect as he considered Rackets to be a “manlier” game; Squash afforded a good “sweat” but did not demand the same skill as Rackets, in his opinion. Rudd’s forecast proved to be only too correct as Squash grew rapidly and soon left its parent sport far behind in popularity. As Squash play developed so did its administrative structure. The first discrete national associations to be formed were the United States Squash Racquets Association in 1907 and the Canadian Squash Racquets Association in 1911. In England the game was regulated by a Squash sub-committee of the Tennis and Rackets Association from 1908 until it gained full status as the Squash Rackets Association in 1928. A court built at the Bath Club in London at the beginning of the 20th century was chosen as the model for the standard size of a Squash court, 32 feet by 21 feet or 9.75 metres by 6.4 metres, much smaller that the court for Rackets which measures 60 feet by 30 feet (18.3 metres by 9.1 metres). The British dimensions were proposed in 1911, but not ratified until 1923. The point a rally scoring system to 15 was used universally in Squash until 1926 when


Who, in 1949, became Premier and Foreign Minister of the first all-China Communist government?

People's Republic of China The People's Republic Of China On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was formally established, with its national capital at Beijing. "The Chinese people have stood up!" declared Mao as he announced the creation of a "people's democratic dictatorship." The people were defined as a coalition of four social classes: the workers, the peasants, the petite bourgeoisie, and the national-capitalists. The four classes were to be led by the CCP, as the vanguard of the working class. At that time the CCP claimed a membership of 4.5 million, of which members of peasant origin accounted for nearly 90 percent. The party was under Mao's chairmanship, and the government was headed by Zhou Enlai ( 1898-1976) as premier of the State Administrative Council (the predecessor of the State Council). The Soviet Union recognized the People's Republic on October 2, 1949. Earlier in the year, Mao had proclaimed his policy of "leaning to one side" as a commitment to the socialist bloc. In February 1950, after months of hard bargaining, China and the Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance, valid until 1980. The pact also was intended to counter Japan or any power's joining Japan for the purpose of aggression. For the first time in decades a Chinese government was met with peace, instead of massive military opposition, within its territory. The new leadership was highly disciplined and, having a decade of wartime administrative experience to draw on, was able to embark on a program of national integration and reform. In the first year of Communist administration, moderate social and economic policies were implemented with skill and effectiveness. The leadership realized that the overwhelming and multitudinous task of economic reconstruction and achievement of political and social stability required the goodwill and cooperation of all classes of people. Results were impressive by any standard, and popular support was widespread. By 1950 international recognition of the Communist government had increased considerably, but it was slowed by China's involvement in the Korean War. In October 1950, sensing a threat to the industrial heartland in northeast China from the advancing United Nations (UN) forces in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), units of the PLA--calling themselves the Chinese People's Volunteers--crossed the YaluJiang ( ) River into North Korea in response to a North Korean request for aid. Almost simultaneously the PLA forces also marched into Xizang to reassert Chinese sovereignty over a region that had been in effect independent of Chinese rule since the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911. In 1951 the UN declared China to be an aggressor in Korea and sanctioned a global embargo on the shipment of arms and war materiel to China. This step foreclosed for the time being any possibility that the People's Republic might replace Nationalist China (on Taiwan) as a member of the UN and as a veto-holding member of the UN Security Council. After China entered the Korean War, the initial moderation in Chinese domestic policies gave way to a massive campaign against the "enemies of the state," actual and potential. These enemies consisted of "war criminals, traitors, bureaucratic capitalists, and counterrevolutionaries." The campaign was combined with party-sponsored trials attended by huge numbers of people. The major targets in this drive were foreigners and Christian missionaries who were branded as United States agents at these mass trials. The 1951-52 drive against political enemies was accompanied by land reform, which had actually begun under the Agrarian Reform Law of June 28, 1950. The redistribution of land was accelerated, and a class struggle landlords and wealthy peasants was launched. An ideological reform campaign requiring self-criticisms and public confessions by university faculty members, scientists, and other professional workers was given wide publicity. Artists and writers were soon the objects of similar treatment for failing to


The episodes of which TV series ended with the family saying goodnight to each other?

TV ACRES: Quotations > Signoffs > TV Character Closing Lines   Signoffs - TV Character Closing Lines  "Be seeing you!" - On the bizarre                 espionage series THE PRISONER/CBS/1968-69 Number                 Six (Patrick McGoohan) and other reluctant                 residents of "The Village" would part company by                 saying "Be seeing you!" The expression was                 combined with a saluting hand signal which had                 the thumb and index finger touching as the hand                 was brought up to one's eye (as if to peep                 through). According to Patrick McGoohan (as told                 by actress Norma West), the hand sign was the                 same one used by the ancient Christians: the                 sign of the fish. The "seeing" aspect of the                 sign could also be interpreted as an inference                 that "Big Brother is watching"!...that he's got                 an "eye" on you. The same sign was used by Mr.                 Bester (Walter Koenig), a ruthless PSI Corps                 officer on the syndicated sci-fi series BABYLON                 5/SYN/1994-98. "Good night, John Boy" - On the rural                 drama THE WALTONS/CBS/1972-81 the last scene of                 each episode featured a night view of the Walton                 homestead with its windows illuminated and someone in the family starting to say goodnight                 to the rest of the family. This started a                 cascade of responses as each member of the                 Walton family wished each other goodnight. This                 classic program closing originated on Christmas                 eve in 1931 when a tired Elizabeth (Kami Cotler)                 tried to say goodnight to everyone but was                 interrupted by her sister Mary Ellen (Judy                 Norton-Taylor) who said "Don't say goodnight                 yet. Wait until we're all in bed and the last                 light is out." Thus began the now famous                 Goodnight Ma, Pa, Grandpa, Grandma, John-Boy,                 Mary Ellen, Elizabeth, Zeb, Erin, Jason, Ben,                 and Jim-Bob scenario. According to the two-hour                 special "TV Road Trip" (2002) hosted by John                 Ritter for The Travel Channel, the classic                 Walton's "Good Night" ritual was based on the                 real life of experiences of Earl Hamner, the                 series creator and narrator. Apparently, at one                 point in his life, Hamner's sibling of seven                 brothers and sister used to bid each other                 lengthy goodnights at bed time. Sometimes taking                 up to ten minutes. Eventually, however, Hamner's                 father had enough of the practice and told the                 kids to knock it off and just go to bed. "I'll be back next week at this same time with                 another Sea Hunt story" - One of many closing                 comments made by actor Lloyd Bridges as he                 concluded his action maritime adventure SEA                 HUNT/SYN/1957-61. For more closing monologues                 from the program check out BEGINNING & ENDING


Which London landmark was designed by Sir Christopher Wren to commemorate the Great Fire of London?

Christopher Wren designed Monument commemorates the Great London Fire of 1666 - pictures, history. Monument in London by Katie Calvert Built to commemorate the Great Fire of 1666 and one of many London landmarks designed by Sir Christopher Wren, the Monument stands near the site of the baker's house on Pudding Lane where the blaze began. The Monument served as a symbol of London's rebirth and economic resilience in the wake of the disaster. For those energetic enough to make the climb today, its enclosed observation deck affords a 360-degree (bottom of this page) view of the modern London that was rebuilt from the ashes. The fire began early in the morning of Sunday, September 2. Some evidence suggests that it started in the kitchen of Thomas Farriner (sometimes spelled Farrinor, Farynor, or Farryner), a baker to the king. Narrow streets and alleys, closely packed houses and shops, and construction that favored the use of timber and thatch—London had all the right ingredients to feed and nourish the flames for several days. By the time the fire was extinguished, it had engulfed 80 percent of the City, destroying much of the London that Shakespeare would have known. Among the ruins were old St Paul's Cathedral and the Royal Exchange. Diarist Samuel Pepys , who described the conflagration and recorded its course, wrote that when the fire was put out in Cripplegate on day four "the King himself was seen helping the soldiers." On day four (Wednesday) the wind dropped and the fire stopped its advance; Londoners would douse the last of its flames late Thursday night. The Monument was one of the first structures King Charles II commissioned to be built after the fire. The job fell to Sir Christopher Wren . It is amazing to realize that the man most responsible for the rebuilding of London never studied to be an architect. Educated at Oxford University , Wren was a scientist, an astronomer, and a mathematician. He became the most influential British architect of the Baroque  period , and, arguably, of all time. His masterpiece, St. Paul's, still helps define London's skyline. Borrowing from the classical Roman style, the Monument is a Doric column made of Portland stone. Its height of 202 feet is also the distance it stands from the site of Farriner's kitchen. The top displays a flaming golden urn, while the bottom consists of plaques that describe the fire, inscriptions, and a bas-relief sculpture showing King Charles II (in Roman dress) and his brother James, the Duke of York, directing the rebuilding of the City. The Monument was erected between 1671 and 1677. Aided and abetted by his friend and fellow designer, Robert Hooke (another multitalented man known by all mechanical engineers for Hooke's  Law of elasticity and whose other discoveries and contributions to science are only now becoming better recognized), Wren designed the Monument for a second purpose: to serve as a scientific research facility, complete with an underground laboratory. The Monument's central shaft was designed for use as a zenith telescope (the top was hinged). These two mathematical geniuses designed the structure's interior to enable accurate barometric pressure readings to be taken. It served as the site of numerous gravity and pendulum experiments. The view from the observation deck is not the only reason to climb the Monument's beautiful spiral staircase. Bragging rights—backed up by a handsome certificate—belong to those who climb up and down the column's 311 steps.                If you do climb the tower a pair of binoculars or a camera with a telephoto lens will come in handy to view distant structures. The monument went through an 18 month restoration project and reopened in February 2009 with a new wire mesh around the viewing platform—after these photos were taken. Standing at the top the skyscrapers of London's financial center dominate the view north of the Monument—most notably the egg-shaped Swiss Re headquarters. Looking east, you can see the Tower of London , Tower Bridge, the more modern City Hall and the HMS Belfast . Southwark i


What changed its name as a result of the Treaty of Maastricht in 1991?

EC Law - sources of EC Law EC Law - sources of EC Law [  Next  ] Sources of EC Law - Primary    Law and Secondary Law EU law is made up of three sources (which together form the "acquis    communautaire" ï¿½ the body of EU law) the three sources are, primary    legislation, secondary legislation, case law.   Primary Law Primary law is found mainly in the Treaties Primary legislation includes in particular    the Treaties and other agreements having similar status. Primary    legislation is agreed by direct negotiation between the governments of    Member State.   These agreements are laid down in the form    of Treaties which are then subject to ratification by the national    parliaments. The same procedure applies for any subsequent amendments to    the Treaties. The Treaties establishing the European Communities have been    revised several times each Treaty contains ï¿½Protocolsï¿½ and are they are    amended by succeeding Treaties: the Single European Act (1987), the Treaty on European Union 'The Maastricht Treaty' (1992), the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) , the Treaty of Nice (2001).   The Treaties also define the role and    responsibilities of EU institutions and bodies involved in decision-making    processes and the legislative, executive and juridical procedures which    characterise Community law and its implementation. The founding treaties were the Treaty of Paris 1951 and the Treaty of Rome 1957. The Rome Treaty is central to understanding EC    Law. The Treaty of Rome (was originally called the EEC treaty) but    it was amended in 1992 by the Treaty of Maastricht [The Treaty    on European Union ï¿½TEUï¿½] and its name was changed to the EC Treaty. Also, all the Article numbers were changed, we shall only refer to the new    numbers. The EEC became the EC and the term EC Law was born. When we refer to the EC Treaty, we mean the Treaty of Rome (as amended). (There are now a dozen basic    Treaties and Acts, not to mention protocols, containing a total of nearly    eight hundred Articles.)   The new legal order The Treaty of Rome created a "new legal order", which means that    the body of law that was now binding on the institutions of member states    and its citizens. The new legal order was set out in Costa v ENEL and Van Gend en Loos. Costa v ENEL [1964] ECJ "ï¿½the EEC Treaty has created its own    legal system whichï¿½became an integral part of the legal systems of the    Member States and which their courts are bound to apply." "Member States have    limited their sovereign rights, albeit within limited fields, and have    thus created a body of law which binds both their nationals and    themselves." "The executive force of Community law    cannot vary from one State to another in deference to subsequent domestic    laws, without jeopardising the attainment of the objectives of the    Treaty." Van Gend en Loos v Netherlands [1963] ECJ "The Community    constitutes a new legal order of international law for the benefit of    which the states have limited their sovereign right, albeit within limited    fields."   The new order is said to be made up of three pillars.   Pillar one: The European Communities, meaning co-operation over    matters such as the Single Market and free movement across borders of    persons, goods, services and capital; the "four freedoms". It includes a    common approach to agriculture, the environment, competitiveness and trade    policy. Also, it includes co-operation in fiscal and monetary issues, and    citizenship   Pillar two: Common Foreign and Security Policy.   Pillar three: Police co-operation and co-operation in the area of    criminal law.   This "new legal order" has greatest impact on Pillar One of the Three    Pillars. It is within pillar one that the institutions of the EU have    right to draw up legal instruments and introduce legislation.   The EC Treaty (the Treaty of Rome as amended) can be seen a


What do members of the Gideon Society leave in hotel bedrooms?

The Straight Dope: Why is there a Bible in every hotel room? A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Why is there a Bible in every hotel room? Dear Straight Dope: Why is there a Bible in every hotel room? — barnes Many would suspect the Gideon Society has something to do with it. The Gideons (www.gideons.org), formed in 1899 in Janesville, Wisconsin, are the oldest Christian business and professional men's association in the United States with 130,000 members located in more than 170 countries. In the early days, most of the Gideons were traveling salesmen who wanted to be effecitve Christian witnesses while on the road. They decided to place a Bible at the reception desk in each hotel they frequented so patrons could borrow it. The Bible also served as a silent witness in these hotels after the Gideons had checked out. Today, the Gideons place more than 45,000,000 bibles annually in prisons, hospitals, military bases and, of course, hotel rooms. But if you want to know who started the phenomenon of placing Bibles in hotel rooms, the credit goes to the International Bible Society (www.gospelcom.net/ibs/). Founded in 1809 in New York, the International Bible Society is one of the leading publishers of ethnic scriptures, publishing Bibles in more than 350 languages (the 1810 Bengali translation is still in use in India). The IBS provided Bibles to Civil War soldiers, and, according to communications coordinator Stephanie Nelson, started putting Bibles in hotels in 1823 -- more than 75 years before the Gideons started their ministry. There is no jealousy or competitive fervor between the groups. Each expresses admiration for the other's work. You've got to admire both. They just want everyone to curl up with a Good Book. — Songbird Staff Reports are written by the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board, Cecil's online auxiliary. Though the SDSAB does its best, these columns are edited by Ed Zotti, not Cecil, so accuracywise you'd better keep your fingers crossed.


The object of which card game is to make, for example, pairs, sequences, and 15 and 31 points, where scores are marked by means of pegs in a board?

How to Play Cribbage - How to Play | Bicycle Playing Cards SEARCH Club 808 Login Log in to Club 808 Rewards using the email and password you provided when you signed up. Forgot your Password? Signup Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Eum maiores asperiores nihil vel dolorum esse, velit adipisci tempora omnis laudantium illum facilis ad hic, iste recusandae fugiat voluptatum dolore odit. Cribbage Cribbage is one of the best two-hand games - and one of the most enduring, for the game was entertaining card players as far back as the seventeenth century.


"Which infectious disease is characterised by ulceration and inflammation of the bowel with generalised toxaemia and ""wasting"", usually caused via infection of food contaminated by flies?"

Archaic Medical Terms Archaic Medical Terms Hysterical inability to walk or stand. A Abdominal Angina Term used to describe recurrent, severe and sudden abdominal pain in the elderly. Probably diverticular disease/diverticulosis. A Tuberculosis of the abdominal lymph nodes. A A Abortion Expulsion of a foetus before it is viable, i.e. miscarriage. When this results from the actions of the doctor, it is termed induced abortion or termination of pregnancy. The word abortion when used by doctors simply means an early end to a pregnancy, whether it is natural or effected by the actions of someone. A A Absinthism Form of delirium tremens. Derives from absinthe, a cheap spirit which was consumed in abundance in France. A A man who acts as a midwife i.e. an obstetrician. A A tendency to sourness; incipient or slight acidity. A A Acute Describes any illness of sudden or recent onset or one that has reached a crisis. It does not indicate severity. A As a cause of death may mean a perforated ulcer or a heart attack. A I suspect that this is malaria but this is based on a single case. A Aglutition Inability to swallow. N.B. do not confuse this term with agglutination which means glue together or as a medical word would mean clotting of blood. A Literally means the violent struggle with death. A Usually malaria but can be any feverish illness with fits of shivering. A Hardening of the spleen, resulting from malaria. A Ainhum Stricture resulting from minor cuts at the base of a digit eventually resulting in spontaneous amputation. A A less virulent form of smallpox. A Albuminuria Presence of protein in the urine. Found in many kidney diseases e.g. diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. A A doctor who practices conventional or mainstream medicine rather than homeopathy. A Latin for a burn or scald. A Congenital absence of a limb. A A Anaxaemia May mean a deficiency of all blood cell types or pancytopaenia. This may imply aplastic anaemia. A An ulcerous swelling or whitlow. A A local ballooning of a blood vessel. Usually an artery. A Literally means choking. Often used for angina pectoris i.e. pain from the heart. A Of or like an old woman; imbecile. A Lung disease caused by inhalation of coal dust. A form of pneumoconiosis. A A laxative medicine or food. A Loss of voice i.e. laryngitis A Thrush of the mouth. Usually of infants. A A Aplastic Anaemia Total failure of the bone marrow to produce new blood cells. The cause is often unknown. A A Apoplexy ? A sudden loss of sensation and movement due to a disturbance of blood supply to the brain; a stroke. ? With specifying word: a haemorrhage or failure of blood supply in another organ or any other sudden rapidly fatal disease. A Arachnitis or Arachnoiditis This is inflammation of the arachnoid (arachnoid mata) which is in the middle of three membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, the blood supply of which is supposed to resemble a spider's web. A A Ascites Abnormal collection of fluid within the abdomen. Often due to liver disease, especially secondary cancer, but can result from heart or kidney failure. A True cholera. Used to distinguish cholera from cholera nostra or English cholera. A Suffocation i.e. lack of air or oxygen (literally means pulselessness) A Weakness. May be a euphemism for pulmonary tuberculosis. A Inability to co-ordinate movement i.e. clumsiness. A Atelectasis Condition where lung alveoli do not contain air either because they have never been expanded or they have collapsed. A Atheroma This is the pathological lesion condition that causes atherosclerosis i.e. the furred up patch of the artery. A Atherosclerosis Commonly called hardening of the arteries. Almost everyone gets this condition eventually. The arteries fur up with plaques of cholesterol over which blood clots can develop and eventually fail to adequately supply blood. Leads to angina, heart attacks, strokes and gangrene of the limbs. It is more common in smokers, diabetics and those with high blood pressure. A The upper smaller heart chambers.


Order of Succession to the British Throne - Who will be next? The Line of Succession to the British Throne Who will be the next King or Queen? HRH Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales Prince Charles is presently heir (next in line) to the British throne. He will not become king until his mother, Queen Elizabeth, abdicates (gives up the throne), retires or dies. When either of these happen, Prince Charles may abdicate and pass the throne to his eldest son Prince William.   What is the title of the heir to the British throne? The heir to the throne is always called the Prince of Wales. The title was introduced by King Edward l in 1301, after the conquest of Wales. If the eldest child of the monarch is female, will she become heir to the throne? Yes, if she does not have any brothers. No, if she has a brother. In Britain the crown was normally passed from monarch to eldest son. As King George VI had no son, it passed to his elder daughter, now Queen Elizabeth II. If a monarch had sons, they took precedence over daughters: thus, although HR The Princess Royal is older than her brothers HRH The Duke of York and HRH The Earl of Wessex, they (and their children) precede her in the order of succession. From 2013, this all changes. Now the oldest child in herit the throne regardless of being a daughter or a son. This means that if William and Kate had had a daughter she would have inherited the throne even if she had a younger brother. The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 Succession to the Crown not to depend on gender In determining the succession to the Crown, the gender of a person born after 28           October 2011 does not give that person, or that person's descendants, precedence           over any other person (whenever born). Who can be heir to the British throne? Up until 2013, the succession in the United Kingdom was governed by the Act of Union 1800, which restated the provisions of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Bill of Rights (1689). Pre 2013 'Only Protestant heirs of Princess  Sophia, granddaughter of James I ,       may succeed to the British throne. Neither  Catholics, nor those who marry a Catholic, nor those born out of       wedlock,  may remain in the line of succession.' The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 2. Removal of disqualification arising from marriage to a Roman Catholic A person is not disqualified from succeeding to the Crown or from possessing it as a           result of marrying a person of the Roman Catholic faith.   (see also the Royal Family Tree ) HRH The Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales (1948), eldest son of HM Queen Elizabeth II HRH Prince William of Wales (1982), elder son of HRH The Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales Prince George of Cambridge (b 2013), son of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge HRH Prince Henry of Wales (popularly referred to as Prince Harry), (1984), younger son of HRH The Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales HRH The Prince Andrew, The Duke of York (1960), second son of HM Queen Elizabeth II HRH Princess Beatrice of York (1988), elder daughter of HRH The Prince Andrew, The Duke of York HRH Princess Eugenie of York (1990), younger daughter of HRH The Prince Andrew, The Duke of York HRH The Prince Edward, The Earl of Wessex (1964), youngest son of HM Queen Elizabeth II James Windsor, Viscount Severn (2007), son of HRH The Prince Edward, The Earl of Wessex Lady Louise Windsor (2003), daughter of HRH The Prince Edward, The Earl of Wessex HRH The Princess Anne, The Princess Royal (1950), only daughter of HM Queen Elizabeth II Peter Phillips (1977), son of HRH The Princess Anne, The Princess Royal Zara Phillips (1981), daughter of HRH The Princess Anne, The Princess Royal David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley (1961), son of HRH The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon The Honourable Charles Armstrong-Jones (1999), son of David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley The Honourable Margarita Armstrong-Jones (2002), daughter of David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley Lady Sarah Chatto (1964), daughter of HRH The Princess Marga


What is the name for the circle that describes the most northerly point at which the sun appears directly overhead at noon?

Understanding Astronomy: The Sun and the Seasons Understanding Astronomy The Sun and the Seasons To those of us who live on earth, the most important astronomical object by far is the sun. It provides light and warmth. Its motions through our sky cause day and night, the passage of the seasons, and earth's varied climates. The Sun's Daily Motion Multiple-exposure photo of the setting sun, showing that it follows the same diagonal path that a star would, as seen from a mid-northern latitude. This photo was made on June 21, when the sun set considerably north of due west. On any given day, the sun moves through our sky in the same way as a star. It rises somewhere along the eastern horizon and sets somewhere in the west. If you live at a mid-northern latitude (most of North America, Europe, Asia, and northern Africa), you always see the noon sun somewhere in the southern sky. But as the weeks and months pass, you'll notice that the sun's motion isn't quite the same as that of any star. For one thing, the sun takes a full 24 hours to make a complete circle around the celestial sphere, instead of just 23 hours, 56 minutes. For obvious reasons, we define our day based on the motion of the sun, not the stars. Moreover, the location of the sun's path across the sky varies with the seasons, as shown in the computer-generated image below, which shows the eastern sky, viewed from a mid-northern latitude. This simulated multiple-exposure image shows the path of the rising sun through the eastern sky on the morning of the 21st of each month, from December at the right through June at the left. The latitude was set to 41° north. (The spreading of the trails as they go upward is a distortion caused by stretching the domed sky onto a flat semicircle.) The sun's path through the rest of the sky is similarly farther north in June and farther south in December. In summary: The sun appears to move along with the celestial sphere on any given day, but follows different circles at different times of the year: most northerly at the June solstice and most southerly at the December solstice. At the equinoxes, the sun's path follows the celestial equator. In late March and late September (at the "equinoxes"), the sun's path follows the celestial equator. It then rises directly east and sets directly west. The exact dates of the equinoxes vary from year to year, but are always near March 20 and September 22. After the March equinox, the sun's path gradually drifts northward. By the June solstice (usually June 21), the sun rises considerably north of due east and sets considerably north of due west. For mid-northern observers, the noon sun is still toward the south, but much higher in the sky than at the equinoxes. After the June solstice, the sun's path gradually drifts southward. By the September equinox, its path is again along the celestial equator. The southward drift then continues until the December solstice (usually December 21), when the sun rises considerably south of due east and sets considerably south of due west. For mid-northern observers, the noon sun is quite low in the southern sky . After the December solstice, the sun's path drifts northward again, returning to the celestial equator by the March equinox. The illustration shows three of the sun's daily paths around the celestial sphere, again as seen by an observer at latitude 41° north. At the equinoxes, exactly half of the sun's circular path lies above the horizon. But notice that in June, considerably more than half of the circle is above the horizon, while in December, much less than half the circle is visible. This is why, if you live in the north, you have more hours of daylight in June (during your summer) than in December (during your winter). Question: If your latitude is 41° north, what is the angle (in degrees) between the noon sun and your southern horizon at the March or September equinox? Check your answer: 49 Good! (180 minus 90 minus 41) No, use the diagram above, and remember your geometry. The Seasons The added hours of daylight are


"For which sport, now banned in Britain by the Hunting Act 2004, was the ""Waterloo Cup"" 3 day event run annually at Great Altcar in Lancashire, England from 1836 to 2005?"

January 2006 January 2006 (*)- added since last update 31.1.06 BBC News Online 31.1.06 Moves to restore Boxing Day hunt - A councillor in Leicestershire is facing strong opposition from animal rights protesters in his bid to bring back an historic hunt. Charnwood Borough councillor John Moore wants to revive the Quorn Hunt in Loughborough after a 15-year break�. (story) INTERNATIONAL COURSING MEETING Irish Independent 31.1.06 Harin' to go: UK hunt fans all set for Tipperary meet - Senan Hogan - TIPPERARY became the Mecca for hare coursing fans from around the world yesterday, as the 81st annual Irish meeting got under way� Over 8,000 seasoned fans attended the opening day and studied race cards in the brilliant sunshine at Powerstown Park, which has hosted the meeting since 1925� An expected protest by Animal Rights activists against the sport did not materialize (story) Clonmel Nationalist 26.1.06 British coursing visitors up as UK hunt ban bites - A large increase in the number of visitors from Britain is expected at next week's National Coursing Meeting in Clonmel. And The Nationalist understands that those visitors will include former soccer player turned film star Vinnie Jones. Last week The League Against Cruel Sports accused Vinnie Jones of glamorising hare coursing, and told him to stay away from the event. However the Mayor of Clonmel, Cllr. Niall Dennehy, and Jerry Desmond, Chief Executive and Secretary of the Irish Coursing Club told him that he would be very welcome at the Meeting�. Meanwhile Jerry Desmond has stated that the withdrawal of sponsors Irish Dog Foods will have "no effect whatsoever" on the meeting. Mr. Desmond claimed that the company had withdrawn its sponsorship from two of the support stakes because of threats made against it by anti-blood sports activists, a claim that has been refuted by the Irish Council Against Blood Sports� (story) Midweek Advertiser 18.1.06 Animal cruelty is 'being exported' - ANIMAL rights campaigners say the Waterloo Cup has been "exported" to Ireland.. The controversial harecoursing event, previously held on the Altcar estate, was outlawed due to the recent Hunting Act. But the League Against Cruel Sports says the event has been moved to Sevenhouses Coursing Ground in Kilkenny. League spokeswoman Dr Jane Evans said: "A total of 16 places have been reserved for greyhounds - which would have participated in the Waterloo Cup - to run in the Seamus Hughes Cup instead�.� A Countryside Alliance spokesman said the League was to blame for the Waterloo Cup's export to Ireland. Mr Tom Sell, regional director in the North West, said: "The Waterloo Cup was one of the most prestigious sporting events in the British sporting calendar and brought a great deal of income into the area." � (story) Daily Ireland 16.1.06 Vinnie Jones told to avoid coursing event - Animal rights activists have accused hard man Vinnie Jones of glamourising hare coursing and have ordered him to stay away from the National Coursing Meeting in Clonmel later this month�. (story) Irish Independent 16.1.06 Hardman Vinnie warned on coursing - ANIMAL rights activists have accused screen hard man Vinnie Jones of glamorising hare coursing and have told him to stay away from the National Coursing Meeting in Clonmel later this month. The 40-year-old film star and former footballer confirmed last week that he will attending the three-day event, where a greyhound he co-owns ran last year�. (story) Ireland Online 15.1.06 Vinnie Jones told to stay away from coursing event - Animal rights activists have accused hard man Vinnie Jones of glamorising hare coursing and have ordered him to stay away from the National Coursing Meeting in Clonmel later this month�. Spokesperson Dr Jane Evans said today: "It�s deplorable that somebody like Vinnie Jones in the public eye should be supporting animal cruelty�.� (story) UTV 14.1.06 Activists picket hare-coursing event - Animal rights activists crossed the Irish Sea today to picket a major hare-coursing event. By:Press Association - The League Against Cruel Sports held a demonstrati


Tansy | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello Thomas Jefferson's Monticello Tansy Tanacetum vulgare Jefferson listed "tansey" among the "Objects for the garden this year" in 1794. It is not known exactly how it was utilized at Monticello, but its bitter, aromatic leaves were frequently used for flavoring, especially in puddings and omelets. Tansy is a native of Europe but is now common across North America. Growth Type:  Zone 3, Zone 4, Zone 5, Zone 6, Zone 7, Zone 8 Location at Monticello:  Full Sun Blooming History:  2001 Jul 12 to 2001 Oct 192002 Jul 5 to 2002 Sep 132003 Jul 11 to 2003 Sep 262004 Jun 24 to 2004 Sep 292005 Jul 20 to 2005 Nov 222006 Jul 20 to 2006 Dec 12007 Jun 25 to 2007 Nov 152008 Jul 11 to 2008 Oct 132009 Jun 11 to 2009 Sep 112011 Jul 15 to 2011 Oct 132012 Jun 22 to 2012 Nov 142014 Jul 3 to 2014 Nov 142016 Aug 5 to 2016 Oct 14 Visit Monticello’s Online Shop to check for seeds or plants of Tansy .


Which heavenly body was discovered by astronomer Clyde W Tombaugh on 18 February 1930?

Clyde Tombaugh: Astronomer Who Discovered Pluto Clyde Tombaugh: Astronomer Who Discovered Pluto By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | February 15, 2013 03:05pm ET MORE When Clyde Tombaugh built his first telescope at the age of 20, he could not have known it was setting him forward on a path that would eventually lead to the discovery of the first known dwarf planet, Pluto. Let's take a look at the life of this amazing man. Clyde Tombaugh, discoverer of Pluto, peers into an instrument. Credit: Lowell Observatory Early life and family Clyde William Tombaugh was born on near Streator, Ill., on Feb. 4, 1906. His family purchased a farm near Burdett, Kan., while he was still young, where a hailstorm ruined his family's crops and put an end to his hopes to attend college at the time. In 1928, the amateur astronomer was offered a job at Lowell Observatory in Arizona, where he discovered Pluto. In 1934, he married Patricia Edson. They had two children, Annette and Alden. He earned his bachelor's and master's degree in astronomy from the University of Kansas, working at the observatory during the summers. Clyde W. Tombaugh, discoverer of Pluto Credit: Academy of Achievement Tombaugh remained at Lowell Observatory until the advent of World War II, when he was called into service teaching navigation to the U.S. Navy at Arizona State College. After the war concluded, he worked at the ballistics research laboratory at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. From 1955 until he retired in 1973, he taught at New Mexico State University. Tombaugh passed away at his home in Las Cruces, N.M., on Jan. 17, 1997. An avid amateur astronomer Unimpressed with store-bought telescopes, Tombaugh constructed his first telescope at the age of 20, grinding the mirrors himself. Over the course of his life, he would build more than 30 telescopes. In 1928, he put together a 23-centimeter reflector out of the crankshaft of a 1910 Buick and parts from a cream separator. Using this telescope, young Clyde made detailed observations of Jupiter and Mars, which he sent to Lowell Observatory in hopes of garnering feedback from professional astronomers. Over the course of his life, Tombaugh built more than 30 telescopes himself, including this one on his family's Kansas farm. Credit: NASA Instead of receiving constructive criticism, Tombaugh was instead offered a position at the observatory. The staff had been searching for an amateur astronomer to operate their new photographic telescope in search of, among other things, the mysterious Planet X. Not long after its discovery in 1781 , the new planet Uranus was found to have strange movements that could only be attributed to another body. Neptune's discovery in 1846 somewhat accounted for the orbit, but there were still discrepancies that led scientists to conclude yet another planet existed. In 1894, businessman Percival Lowell built Lowell Observatory to study Mars . In 1905, he turned the telescope toward the search for the elusive Planet X, though he died before the new planet could be found. When Tombaugh was hired in 1929, he joined the search for the missing planet. The telescope at the observatory was equipped with a camera that would take two photographs of the sky on different days. A device known as a blink compactor rapidly flipped back and forth between the two photographs. Stars and galaxies essentially remained unmoving in the images, but anything closer could be visually identified by its motion across the sky. Tombaugh spent approximately a week studying each pair of photographs, which contained over 150,000 stars, and sometimes nearly a million. On Feb. 18, 1930, Tombaugh noticed movement across the field of a pair of images taken a month beforehand. After studying the object to confirm it, the staff of Lowell Observatory officially announced the discovery of a ninth planet on March 13. Original plates from Clyde Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto in Lowell Observatory Archive. Credit: Lowell Observatory With the discovery came the rights to name the new body, so the staff opened up a worldwi


What is the base of the cocktail Margarita?

How to Make the Perfect Fresh Margarita Strain into the prepared glass with or without fresh ice. Garnish with the lime wedge. More Tips for Making the Perfect Margarita Choosing a good tequila is an essential key to creating a superior Margarita. It is the main ingredient and a cheap, low-quality tequila will only bring the drink down. Pick up a medium- to high-end blanco or reposado tequila for this cocktail. This recipe uses a bit more lime than triple sec though some people prefer to keep the two even. If you would like to make it a little sweeter, add a dash of simple syrup or agave nectar. How Strong is the Margarita? Using the recipe above and assuming that the tequila is 80 proof, the Margarita is not what we would consider a low-proof cocktail . It would be around 27% ABV (54 proof) . If you serve it on the rocks, it will dilute a bit with time. Alternative Margarita Recipe: This margarita recipe uses sour mix and is another good, fresh recipe that you may want to try. Sour mix is very easy to make from scratch and have at the ready so you can mix up as many margaritas as you need.  1 1/2 ounces tequila Salt or sugar to rim the glass (optional) More Margarita Recipes The Margarita has become such a popular cocktail that it has been adapted too many times to count. In fact, it has inspired so many recipes that the name margarita has grown into an entire category of cocktails . These new margaritas include tequila and range in flavor from almost every fruit imaginable to unique mixes that include spicy peppers, herbs, even a few savory margaritas can be found. There's no shortage of Margarita recipes and you are sure to find one that is just right for you. Explore The Margarita Cocktail Collection. Related Articles


What type of battle was the Battle of Trafalgar?

Battle of Trafalgar | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies , during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815). The battle was the most decisive naval victory of the war. Twenty-seven British ships of the line led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve off the southwest coast of Spain, just west of Cape Trafalgar. The Franco-Spanish fleet lost twenty-two ships, without a single British vessel being lost. The British victory spectacularly confirmed the naval supremacy that Britain had established during the previous century and was achieved in part through Nelson's departure from the prevailing naval tactical orthodoxy , which involved engaging an enemy fleet in a single line of battle parallel to the enemy to facilitate signalling in battle and disengagement, and to maximise fields of fire and target areas. Nelson instead divided his smaller force into two columns directed perpendicularly against the larger enemy fleet, with decisive results. Nelson was mortally wounded during the battle, becoming one of Britain's greatest war heroes. The commander of the joint French and Spanish forces, Admiral Villeneuve, was captured along with his ship Bucentaure . Spanish Admiral Federico Gravina escaped with the remnant of the fleet and succumbed months later to wounds sustained during the battle. Contents Main article: Trafalgar Campaign In 1805, the First French Empire , under Napoleon Bonaparte , was the dominant military land power on the European continent, while the Royal Navy controlled the seas. During the course of the war, the British imposed a naval blockade on France, which affected trade and kept the French from fully mobilising their own naval resources. Despite several successful evasions of the blockade by the French navy, it failed to inflict a major defeat upon the British. They were able to attack French interests at home and abroad with relative ease. When the Third Coalition declared war on France, after the short-lived Peace of Amiens , Napoleon was determined to invade Britain. To do so, he needed to ensure that the Royal Navy would be unable to disrupt the invasion flotilla , which would require control of the English Channel. The main French fleets were at Brest in Brittany and at Toulon on the Mediterranean coast. Other ports on the French Atlantic coast harboured smaller squadrons . France and Spain were allied, so the Spanish fleet based in Cádiz and Ferrol was also available. The British possessed an experienced and well-trained corps of naval officers. [3] By contrast, most of the best officers in the French navy had either been executed or dismissed from the service during the early part of the French Revolution . As a result, Vice-Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve was the most competent senior officer available to command Napoleon's Mediterranean fleet. However, Villeneuve had shown a distinct lack of enthusiasm for facing Nelson and the Royal Navy after the French defeat at the Battle of the Nile in 1798. Napoleon's naval plan in 1805 was for the French and Spanish fleets in the Mediterranean and Cádiz to break through the blockade and join forces in the Caribbean. They would then return, assist the fleet in Brest to emerge from the blockade, and together clear the English Channel of Royal Navy ships, ensuring a safe passage for the invasion barges. The Caribbean Edit Early in 1805, Admiral Lord Nelson commanded the British fleet blockading Toulon. Unlike William Cornwallis , who maintained a tight grip off Brest with the Channel Fleet, Nelson adopted a loose blockade in the hope of luring the French out for a major battle. However, Villeneuve's fleet successfully evaded Nelson's when the British were blown off station by storms. While Nelson was searching the Mediterranean for him, erroneously s


Which film that won an Oscar for Best Picture, explores prejudice against Jews and Afro-Americans over the period 1948 to 1973?

The Oscars: the 87 films to win Best Picture The Oscars: the 87 films to win Best Picture List Telegraph Film 29 January 2016 • 7:00am Ahead of this year's Academy Awards ceremony on February 28, we look back at every single Best Picture winner from previous years Everything you need to know about all 87 winners, from the longest (Lawrence of Arabia) to the shortest (Marty), including the film that beat Citizen Kate to win Best Picture at the Oscars . 1929: Wings Wings will forever have its place guaranteed in cinematic history due to the fact that it won the inaugural Best Picture Oscar for the 1927-28 award (a two-year eligibility period was used for the first six years of the ceremony). But this thrilling epic about a love triangle during World War I – for over 80 years, the only silent film to win Best Picture – merits wider recognition. From its archetypal Hollywood melodrama, to its dazzling depiction of dogfights, and a standout performance from Clara Bow as the plucky nurse Mary, the 144-minute runtime glides by. Credit: REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson 1930: The Broadway Melody The formerly little-known production company Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios (MGM) was founded in 1924, and only five years later it had chalked up its first Academy Award win. The Broadway Melody – MGM’s first ever musical – tells the tale of Harriet (Bessie Love) and Queenie Mahoney (Anite Page), a beautiful vaudeville act who arrive at Broadway, and become swept up in New York high society. While it was wildly successful at the time, it seems audiences were more impressed by the mere presence of sound and Technicolor sequences, because the musical numbers are banal and uninspired. Credit: Reuters 1931: All Quiet on the Western Front Adapted from the novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of the First World War, this film centres on a group of German schoolboys, who are convinced to enlist by their jingoistic professor. Director Lewis Milestone, who won a second consecutive Best Director Oscar for the film, made one of the most influential anti-war films ever simply by showing the ravages of war through the eyes of these young German recruits. Credit: Everett Collection / Rex 1932: Cimarron Perhaps as a reflection of the movie industry’s growing prowess, RKO Radio Pictures invested more than $1.5 million into their production of Edna Ferber's epic novel about the history of a frontier family, despite being mired in the woes of the Great Depression. The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 prompted thousands to relocate to claim free government land, and in Cimarron, Yancey Cravat (Richard Dix), takes his young family to build their newspaper Oklahoma Wigwam into an empire. Credit: Everett Collection/Rex 1933: Grand Hotel Reworked from former chambermaid Vicki Baum’s novel Menschen im Hotel, the film stars Greta Garbo, John Barrymore, Joan Crawford as guests in Berlin’s grandest hotel. Joan Crawford once said of her performance in Grand Hotel: "Little Joan was called upon to match Garbo, Beery and the Barrymores and she came off smelling like a rose." It’s difficult to begrudge the actor such an accolade given her showing as the glittering, ambitious stenographer Flaemmchen. Credit: Everett Collection/Rex 1934: Cavalcade Directed by Frank Lloyd and adapted from the Noel Coward play, Cavalcade was a darling of the box-office and critics alike. It was even credited with the stirring up patriotism before that year’s general election. From the turn of the twentieth century, we view a changing Britain through the lives of two families: the swanky Marryots (Diana Wynyard and Clive Brook) and their staff, the Bridges (Una O’Connor and Herbert Mundin). Credit: Everett Collection/Rex 1935: It Happened One Night ‘Daughter escaped again!’ shouts the father of capricious heiress Ellie Andrews (Claudette Colbert) as she swims away from his yacht. On her way to one unsuitable man she falls for another: the struggling reporter Peter Warne (Clark Gable) who offers her help in exchange for a society scoop. It Happened One Night won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Acto


"Which 18th century German composer wrote over 40 operas including ""Orfeo"" and ""Alceste"", comic operas and instrumental music?"

Operas | Article about Operas by The Free Dictionary Operas | Article about Operas by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Operas Related to Operas: Rock operas , Soap operas Opéra (ôpārä`) (Académie de musique), former chief opera house of Paris, on the Place de l'Opéra, one of the main crossroads on the right bank of the Seine. Designed by J. L. C. Garnier Garnier, Jean Louis Charles , 1825–98, French architect, studied at the École des Beaux-Arts and won the Grand Prix de Rome (1848). He was awarded the commission for the Opéra in Paris (1861–75), which is his principal work. ..... Click the link for more information.  and also called the Palais Garnier, it was built between 1861 and 1875. One of the largest and most sumptuous theaters in the world, it has a smaller seating capacity than many lesser houses, because its huge stage and foyers and its famous grand staircase take up much of the room. On the polychromed facade of the Opéra is the masterwork of the sculptor J.-B. Carpeaux Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste , 1827–75, French sculptor and painter. He studied with François Rude and won the Prix de Rome. Carpeaux rose to fame with his Ugolino ..... Click the link for more information.  entitled The Dance. An opulently ornamented neo-baroque style building, the Paris Opéra has been copied, on a reduced scale, by many opera houses throughout the world. The home of grand opera in the 19th cent., it has retained its musical reputation as one of the world's foremost houses. Its corps de ballet is particularly famous. The Paris Opéra moved to the large, newly constructed Bastille opera house in 1990. The old Opéra building, used mainly for ballet performances for a few years, has been undergoing refurbishment and restoration since the mid-1990s, and both theaters now present opera and ballet. Bibliography See M. Kahane, The Paris Opera (1988); S. Pitou, The Paris Opera: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers (1984) and The Paris Opera (1990); C. C. Mead, Charles Garnier's Paris Opera: Architectural Empathy and the Renaissance of French Classicism (1991). opera, The libretto libretto [Ital.,=little book], the text of an opera or an oratorio. Although a play usually emphasizes an integrated plot, a libretto is most often a loose plot connecting a series of episodes. ..... Click the link for more information.  may be serious or comic, although neither form necessarily excludes elements of the other. Opera differs from operetta operetta , type of light opera with a frivolous, sentimental story, often employing parody and satire and containing both spoken dialogue and much light, pleasant music. ..... Click the link for more information.  in its musical complexity and usually in its subject matter. It differs also from oratorio oratorio , musical composition employing chorus, orchestra, and soloists and usually, but not necessarily, a setting of a sacred libretto without stage action or scenery. ..... Click the link for more information. , which is customarily based on a religious subject and is performed without scenery, costumes, or stage action. Although both opera and operetta may have spoken dialogue, in opera the dialogue usually has musical accompaniment, such as the harpsichord continuo in the operas of Mozart and Rossini. Often, the music in opera is continuous, with set pieces such as solos, duets, trios, quartets, etc., and choral pieces, all designed to dramatize the action and display the particular vocal skills of the principal singers. For example, the last act trio from Gounod's Faust gives Mephistopheles (bass), Faust (tenor), and Marguerite (soprano) excellent opportunity to display their vocal talents singly and then weave their voices in ensemble singing as the two men vie for the soul of Marguerite, who is intent on salvation. Early Opera Florentine Beginnings Although musical drama, such as The Play of Daniel (12th cent.), had previously existed, it was in the year 1600 that opera came into being. It began in Florence, Italy, fostered by the camerata [society], a


What is the symbol for a 35th wedding anniversary?

35th Anniversary - Thirty-Fifth Wedding Anniversary Most Popular Song 35 Years Ago: "PHYSICAL" - Olivia Newton John Price of Gasoline when you were married: $1.22 / gallon TRADITIONAL GIFT: According to ancient history, coral is said to have a magical power to prevent sterility. Coral is mostly comprised of calcium carbonate. Coral has an opaque quality to it and can be found in pink, white, orange, red and black. Angel-skin coral is considered one of the most valuable of all coral. It is found near Japan and used in most fine coral jewelry. The most valuable coral is called blood coral. Found near Italy, blood coral is the most expensive coral in the world. Any coral that contains parts of blood coral is immediately more valuable. Red coral defends against plague and pestilence. It is thought that uncut coral worn around the neck will lose its color if that person is in the presence of another person who is going to die. MODERN GIFT: Jade is another gift associated with the 35th anniversary and is emerald green in color. The two minerals that mostly comprise jade are jadeite and nephrite. Jadeite is the more sought after and valuable of the two. The best jadeite is found in Myanmar in Asia. Jade can also be found in yellow, pink, purple and black. The most common color is emerald green. In ancient times it was thought that jade protected the kidney, liver, spleen, heart, larynx, thymus and thyroid. Jade was associated with increased body strength and advanced longevity. GEMSTONE: The emerald is known for its brilliant green shine. This shine comes from a high content of chromium. Genuine emeralds contain trace amounts of iron, which actually increases the value of the stone. Some of the best emeralds in the world are found in South America, particularly Columbia and Brazil. Ancient Egyptians buried emeralds with mummies. Some of the oldest emeralds in the world were harvested from the infamous “Cleopatra mines”. Emeralds are known to be very tough gems, but they are prone to cracks on the surface, which could devalue the gem. For this reason, before the gems are sold to the public, they are treated with epoxy or oils to fix or prevent any cracks and improve the transparency. We hope that you have enjoyed reading this historical information about the 35th wedding anniversary. Visit us again in 5 years for the 40th!