William Gilbert Grace was a famous player of which sport?

W.G. Grace | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo 1865 - 1908 Profile It is more than 150 years since WG Grace was born, but there are other ways of measuring how distant he is in time. For one thing, no one still alive, not even Jim Swanton, can remember seeing him play (although in Sort Of A Cricket Person, EWS notes that "I am supposed to have watched [him] from my perambulator on the Forest Hill ground round 1910"). Eight decades have passed since Grace died, yet he dogs us still, demanding our attention at regular intervals. The statistics of his career are alone enough to explain why - more than 54,000 first-class runs (there are at least two different versions of the precise figure, so let's leave it at that) spread across 44 seasons, including 839 in just eight days of 1876, when he hit a couple of triple-centuries, and only one other batsman managed to top a thousand runs in the entire season; a thousand in May in 1895, when he was nearly 47; and 2800-odd wickets costing less than 18 runs apiece. I suppose we might wonder why his bowling average wasn't even more impressive, given the ropey pitches on which Dr Grace played. No modern cricketer would deign to turn out on them, which makes his batting all the more wondrous, and comparisons with Bradman or anyone since quite pointless. But there was not that much to Grace apart from these skills and his devotion to his family. A hand of whist appears to have marked the limit of his capacity for cerebration, and if one wished to be rude to suburbia one might identify Grace as suburban man incarnate, fluctuating mentally as well as physically between the fringes of Bristol and the London Counties, ultimately coming to rest in Eltham. His one inherited asset was that he came from a clan which was dotty about a great game and dutiful (but in some cases no more) about the general practice of medicine, with no doubt in its collective mind which came first at all times and in all places. His brother EM Grace, who was a coroner, once had a corpse put on ice until he could attend to it at close of play, and WG himself must have had one of the most prolonged medical trainings in history because he so frequently interrupted it in order to exercise his major talent at the crease. He began to study as a bachelor of 19, and was a father of three in his thirties before taking his final qualification at Westminster Hospital. His most conspicuous act as a doctor is thought to have occurred when an unfortunate fieldsman impaled himself on the boundary fence at Old Trafford. It was simply because the cricketing Grace totally dominated his own era that an exasperated CLR James could not understand why standard history books of the period never mentioned him. This man, for heaven's sake, opened for England at the age of 50 - and at the age of 18 he had scored 224 not out for England against Surrey, in a match which he left halfway through in order to win a quarter-mile hurdles championship at the Crystal Palace! No wonder he was the best-known Englishman apart from Mr Gladstone, so much so that Evelyn Waugh's friend, Monsignor Ronnie Knox, waggishly suggested that Gladstone and Grace were really one and the same celebrity. Athletic is not a word that obviously comes to mind when contemplating Grace in his prime, though a slim young man did precede the pot-bellied genius, who in middle age was far too heavy for any horse to bear. I have often wondered how stylishly he played his strokes ever since I saw some film in which he appeared to be brandishing his bat as though he was about to poke the fire with it. Something tells me that he never hit the ball as gracefully as Victor Trumper did in the famous photo of his straight drive; Grace, I suspect, was much more about power than aesthetics. That, at any rate, would fit what we know of his character in general. Apart from tenderness to his relatives and a generous soft spot for children, he was not, I think, a particularly attractive man, though he could sometimes (and it is usually recorded as remarkable) encour


Where did Jonathan Swift set his imaginary island of Lilliput?

Characters | Themes | Setting - Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift - LibGuides at Lone Star College-Kingwood Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift Main Characters Lemuel Gulliver - The narrator and protagonist of the story  The Emporer - The ruler of Lilliput. Like all Lilliputians, the emperor is fewer than six inches tall Flimnap - Lord High Treasurer of Lilliput. Reldresal  - A Lilliputian councilor, Principal Secretary of Private Affairs Skyresh Bolgolam  - High admiral of Lilliput, a counselor of the Emperor Slamecksan and Tramecksan - Lilliputian political parties (Slamecksan =  the Low Heels; Tramecksan = the High Heels) Glumdalclitch - The daughter of Gulliver's master in Brobdingnag, she acts as Gulliver's nurse and protector The King of Laputa - Leader of Laputa who is preoccupied with mathematics and music The Academy Projectors (Professors) - Balnibarbian reformers who plan reforms without considering effects Munodi - The Governor of Lagado, on Balnibarbi, representing the traditionalists, who are opposed to the reformers The Struldbruggs - A race of humans who age without dying; they are immortal, but their immortality has none of its supposed delights Houyhnhnms - Superior, totally rational horses, who are the masters of the Yahoos Yahoos - The repugnant anthropoids held in subjection by the Houyhnhnms The Grey Horse (The Master) - Gulliver's master in the Country of the Houyhnhnms About the 18th Century British and Irish Literature and Its Times by Thomson Gale Staff; Lorraine Valestuk (Contribution by); Joyce Moss Call Number: REF PN50.M625 (vol. 3) This multi-volume series gives a broad overview of the novel's plot and political and historical events of the time periods when the novel takes place. The 18th century had many significant political and religious conflicts, such as the Tories vs. the Whigs (political parties), Catholics vs. Protestants, war between England and Ireland and a simultaneous war between England and France, and controversy over the ruling of Ireland. Swift was born in Ireland in 1667, but spent many of his adult years in England. He returned to Ireland in his mid-40s, becoming an advocate for the independence of Ireland. Gulliver's Travels was published after Swift's return to Ireland. An understanding of the time period when Gulliver's Travels was written as well as when it takes place may be helpful in writing your paper. You may want to utilize the following resources to further study 18th century history, politics, and religion. Setting Gulliver's Travels is set primarily in England and the imaginary countries of Lilliput and Blefuscu, Brobdingnag, Laputa, and Houyhnhnmland. Lilliput and Blefuscu are two fictional island nations that appear in the first part of Gulliver's Travels.The two islands are neighbours in the South Indian Ocean, separated by a channel eight hundred yards wide. Both are inhabited by tiny people who are about one-twlefth the height of ordinary human beings. Both kingdoms are empires, i.e. realms ruled by a self-styled emperor. The capital of Lilliput is Mildendo. Brobdingnag is another fictional land occupied by giants. Gulliver visits the land after the ship on which he is travelling is blown off course, and he is separated from a party exploring the unknown land. Laputa is a fictional flying islandor rock, about 4.5 miles in diameter, with an adamantine  base, which its inhabitants can maneuver in any direction usingmagnetic levitation. Houyhnhnm Land is the island home of the peaceful Houyhnhnms and the savage Yahoos. The island has vast plains and grassy fields that suit the equine residents quite well. It also has forests and jungles where most Yahoos make their homes. Themes Themes Topics To Consider In Your Research utopia / the perfect or ideal society political satire or religious satire culture / traditions limits of human understanding comparison of the ideals / beliefs of Gulliver and Swift Suggested Keywords: Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver, Swift, criticism, satire, politics, religion, travel...think of other keywords related to your theme and


What are the Yeoman Warders, who have guarded the Tower of London since 1485, commonly called?

BBC - Travel - The secret life of Beefeaters History The secret life of Beefeaters Having guarded the Tower of London since 1485, the Yeoman Warders welcome three million visitors a year. But the Tower doesn’t shut down when tourists leave – nor does its hidden pub. By John Lee 4 November 2015 It was 11 am behind the crenellated walls of one of England’s best-known attractions, and I was in a room few people know exists: an all-but-secret pub that’s off-limits to the public. Since it was first built in 1078, the Tower of London has been a royal palace, imposing fortress, infamous prison and favoured execution site. It’s also a great spot for a drink. If, that is, you happen to be a Yeoman Warder. Advertisement Make new memories with               British Airways Whether it’s discovering the sights and sounds of London or exploring Britain’s breath-taking countryside, where will you make new memories this year? Find our cheapest flights at ba.com Commonly known as Beefeaters, the elaborately uniformed Yeomen were introduced in 1485 by Henry VII to help guard the Tower – then a cobbled complex where not only prisoners and princes, but also hundreds of residents, lived. The Yeomen have since become the iconic, much-photographed public face of one of the UK’s most-visited sites, one that drew more than 3 million visitors in 2014 alone. But since the Tower’s current 37 Yeomen are kept busy leading guided tours and meeting selfie-craving tourists – alongside ceremonial duties that have changed little over the centuries – a cosy bolt hole for an end-of-shift tipple is essential. May you never die a Yeoman Warder “There were dozens of inns and bars in the Tower during the 18th and 19th Centuries, but this is the last one,” Chief Yeoman Warder Alan Kingshott told me. We were inside the pub, called the Yeoman Warders Club, where drinks include Beefeater Gin (of course) and Beefeater Bitter made for the Yeomen by UK brewery Marston’s. It’s not open to the public. But invited guests – like myself – are allowed. View image of Tower of London (Credit: Credit: Historic Royal Palaces) With red banquettes and dark wood tables, the watering hole feels like a country pub fused with a members-only bar. But the décor is unique. There’s a ceremonial axe in one corner; photos of guests like Bruce Willis and Tom Clancy in another; and even a framed Rudolf Hess signature on official Tower of London stationery. The captured Nazi was briefly imprisoned in the Tower in 1941, and during his four-day stay he signed autographs for several of the Yeomen he came into contact with. View image of Chief Yeoman Warder (Credit: Credit: John Lee) But it’s the pub’s direct connections to the Yeomen themselves that are most intriguing. Dozens of wall-mounted plaques represent the regiments each Yeoman has come from – new applicants must have honourable armed forces records going back for at least 22 years before being considered. Meanwhile, a row of silver tankards recalls a Beefeater ceremony few outsiders know about. “We each have a tankard, and we swear in new recruits around a large bowl of port,” said Kingshott. “They swear allegiance and we toast them with the line: ‘May you never die a Yeoman Warder.’” It sounds like an odd salute, but like everything Tower-related, there’s a story behind it. Historically, Yeoman jobs – which included room and board (the Beefeater nickname reputedly comes from a time when they were partly paid in beef) – were sold to the highest bidder. Appointees could retire and sell the position on whenever they wanted. By passing away in office, you lost this lucrative payday, meaning that dying as a Yeoman was unlucky. View image of Behind the scenes (Credit: Credit: John Lee) “We still use the toast but everything changed here in 1826,” said Kingshott. “That’s when the Duke of Wellington decided all Yeomen had to be ex-soldiers appointed for their distinguished military service – and the buying and selling of positions was stopped.” View image of Homes of the Yeoman Warders (Credit: Credit: John Lee) Today’s Yeomen st


Braslia has been the capital of Brazil since 1960. Where was the capital before that?

Brasilia | national capital, Brazil | Britannica.com national capital, Brazil Juscelino Kubitschek Brasília, city, federal capital of Brazil . It is located in the Federal District (Distrito Federal) carved out of Goiás state on the central plateau of Brazil. At an elevation of some 3,500 feet (1,100 metres), it lies between the headwaters of the Tocantins , Paraná , and São Francisco rivers. Because of its unique city plan and architecture, as well as its unprecedented role in the development of the Brazilian interior, the city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987. Area Federal District, 2,240 square miles (5,802 square km). Pop. (2000) 1,961,499; Federal District, 2,051,146; metro. area, 2,952,276; (2010) 2,476,249; Federal District, 2,570,160; metro. area, 3,717,728. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The landscape City layout The plan of the central city has been likened to a bird, a bow and arrow, or an airplane. Designed by the Brazilian architect Lúcio Costa , its form is emphasized by the Highway Axis (Eixo Rodoviário), which curves from the north to the southwest and links Brasília’s main residential neighbourhoods, and the straight Monumental Axis (Eixo Monumental), which runs northwest-southeast and is lined by federal and civic buildings. At the northwestern end of the Monumental Axis are federal district and municipal buildings, while at the southeastern end, near the middle shore of Lake Paranoá, stand the executive, judicial, and legislative buildings around the Square of Three Powers, the conceptual heart of the city. Goddess of Justice (right) in front of the Supreme Federal Tribunal building, … © ostill/Shutterstock.com These and other major structures were designed by the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer . In the Square of Three Powers, he created as a focal point the dramatic Congressional Palace, which is a composition of five parts: twin administrative towers flanked by a large, white concrete dome (the meeting place of the Senate) and by an equally massive concrete bowl (the Chamber of Deputies), which is joined to the dome by an underlying, flat-roofed building. A series of low-lying annexes (largely out of sight) flank both ends. Also in the square are the glass-faced Planalto Palace (housing the presidential offices) and the Palace of the Supreme Court. Farther east, on a triangle of land jutting into the lake, is the Palace of the Dawn (Palácio da Alvorada; the presidential residence). Between the federal and civic buildings on the Monumental Axis is the city’s cathedral, considered by many to be Niemeyer’s finest achievement. The parabolically shaped structure is characterized by its 16 gracefully curving supports, which join in a circle 115 feet (35 metres) above the floor of the nave; stretched between the supports are translucent walls of tinted glass. The nave is entered via a subterranean passage rather than conventional doorways. Other notable buildings are Buriti Palace, Itamaraty Palace (the Palace of Foreign Affairs), the National Theatre, and several foreign embassies that creatively embody features of their national architecture. National Congress buildings, Brasília, Brazil. Rubens Chaves/TIPS/Imagestate Scientists Ponder Menopause in Killer Whales The climate is warm and mild with average minimum and maximum temperatures of about 57° F (14° C) and 81° F (27° C), respectively. Rainfall averages some 60 inches (1,600 mm) per year with a dry season from March to October, and humidity is generally between 40 and 80 percent (it fell to 11 percent during a drought in 1994). The people Brasília’s inhabitants include both foreigners (notably ambassadorial staff) and Brazilians, some of whom came from economically impoverished areas in the Northeast to take part in the city’s building. Later, many more moved from Rio de Janeiro and other urban centres to staff the myriad government agencies. The population of both central and satellite areas grew tremendously in the first decade of the city’s construction; the city alone held some 64,000 inhabitants in 1959, and it was home to


Who was the previous King of Spain before King Juan Carlos I succeeded on 22 November 1975?

Juan Carlos I - King - Biography.com Juan Carlos I January 5 , 1938 (age 79) Education John Carlos I of Spain Originally Juan Carlos Alfonso Victor Maria de Borbon y Borbon Zodiac Sign Juan Carlos became the king of Spain in 1975 and, after nearly 40 successful years of reign, announced his abdication on June 2, 2014. IN THESE GROUPS Famous Naval Military School at Marín Alumni Synopsis Juan Carlos I was born January 5, 1938, in Rome, Italy. The son of the last sitting Spanish king, Juan Carlos first went to Spain in 1947 to further his studies. That same year, Spain’s republican government was abolished and Spain was declared a “representative monarchy.” In 1969, Francisco Franco, a supporter of Spain’s monarchy, presented parliament with a law designating Juan Carlos the future king of Spain, and he took the throne two days after Franco’s death in 1975. Juan Carlos was a well-respected ruler for 39 years before announcing on June 2, 2014 that he would abdicate the Spanish throne, saying it was time to hand the country over to “a new generation.” Early Years and Education Juan Carlos Alfonso Victor Maria de Borbon y Borbon was born on January 5, 1938, in Rome, Italy. Juan Carlos I is the grandson of the last king of Spain, Alfonso XIII, who left the country in 1931. Juan Carlos spent his first decade of life in a variety of European locales, moving to Spain in 1947 to pursue his education. That same year, Spanish dictator Francisco Franco abolished Spain’s republican form of government and returned it to its previous state as a “representative monarchy.” (Spain would not have another ruling monarch until Franco died and Juan Carlos became king.) In 1955, Juan Carlos entered the General Military Academy at Zaragoza and later continued his military and general education at the Naval Military School at Marín in Pontevedra, the General Academy of the Air at San Javier in Murcia, and the University of Madrid. During this period, Juan Carlos married Princess Sofia of Greece (May 14, 1962). The couple went on to have two daughters, Elena and Cristina, and a son, Felipe. The Crown Prince Becomes King On January 7, 1969, Juan Carlos finally declared publicly that he would accept the throne if offered. And in July 1969, Franco put forth to parliament a law that would name Juan Carlos as the future king of Spain. On November 20, 1975, Francisco Franco died, ending the dictator’s 36-year totalitarian reign. Two days later, democracy swept into the country as Juan Carlos was crowned king of Spain, providing the people with a monarch after a 44-year hiatus. Juan Carlos was always loyal to Franco, but once he was crowned his stance on a variety of issues became far more progressive than anything the dictator would have allowed. Notably, he encouraged the reformation of political parties, which were previously tightly controlled or suppressed, and granted amnesty to political prisoners. In 1981, he also stifled a Franconian military coup that would have upended Spain’s newly established democracy. Abdication From Throne After nearly 40 years on the Spanish throne, on June 2, 2014, Juan Carlos announced that he would be stepping down. Generally held in high regard both domestically and internationally for a long span of time, he has contended with much controversy in recent years. Princess Cristina and her husband were accused of money laundering while the king's royal expenditures were called into question at a time when the country has been facing a major economic crisis, with an unemployment rate of more than 25 percent. Juan Carlos was also experiencing significant health problems, undergoing a number of operations. Juan Carlos stated that he wants to turn the monarchy over to “a new generation—younger, with a lot of energy—that can, with determination, take on and carry out the changes that the current situation demands, and to face with intensity and determination the challenges of tomorrow.” Juan Carlos’ son, Crown Prince Felipe, 46, will succeed his father, while Felipe's wife Letizia will succeed Sofia.  Fact Check We strive fo


In which century was the Panama Canal opened?

7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal - History in the Headlines 7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal August 15, 2014 By Elizabeth Nix Share Hailed as one of the great achievements of the 20th Century, the Panama Canal connects 160 countries and 1,700 ports around the world. Share this: 7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal Author 7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal URL Google August 15, 1914, marks the 100th anniversary of the official opening of the Panama Canal, the American-built waterway across the Isthmus of Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The 50-mile-long passage created an important shortcut for ships; after the canal was constructed, a vessel sailing between New York and California was able to bypass the long journey around the tip of South America and trim nearly 8,000 miles from its voyage. The canal, which uses a system of locks to lift ships 85 feet above sea level, was the largest engineering project of its time. Find out more fascinating facts about this iconic waterway, including why thousands of workers died during its construction and how it’s now being modernized. The idea for a canal across Panama dates back to the 16th century. In 1513, Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa became the first European to discover that the Isthmus of Panama was just a slim land bridge separating the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Balboa’s discovery sparked a search for a natural waterway linking the two oceans. In 1534, after no such passage across the isthmus had been found, Charles V, the Holy Roman emperor, ordered a survey to determine if one could be built, but the surveyors eventually decided that construction of a ship canal was impossible. The men behind the Suez Canal and Eiffel Tower were convicted in connection with failed effort to build a canal. In the ensuing centuries, various nations considered developing a Panamanian canal but a serious attempt wasn’t made until the 1880s. In 1881, a French company headed by Ferdinand de Lesseps, a former diplomat who developed Egypt’s Suez Canal, began digging a canal across Panama. The project was plagued by poor planning, engineering problems and tropical diseases that killed thousands of workers. De Lesseps intended to build the canal at sea level, without locks, like the Suez Canal, but the excavation process proved far more difficult than anticipated. Gustave Eiffel, who designed the famous tower in Paris that bears his name, was then hired to create locks for the canal; however, the De Lesseps-led company went bankrupt in 1889. At the time, the French had sunk more than $260 million into the canal venture and excavated more than 70 million cubic yards of earth. The canal venture’s collapse caused a major scandal in France. De Lesseps and his son Charles, along with Eiffel and several other company executives, were indicted on fraud and mismanagement charges. In 1893, the men were found guilty, sentenced to prison and fined, although the sentences were overturned. After the scandal, Eiffel retired from business and devoted himself to scientific research; Ferdinand de Lesseps died in 1894. That same year, a new French company was formed to take over the assets of the bankrupt business and continue the canal; however, this second firm soon abandoned the endeavor as well. America originally wanted to build a canal in Nicaragua, not Panama. Throughout the 1800s, the United States, which wanted a canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific for economic and military reasons, considered Nicaragua a more feasible location than Panama. However, that view shifted thanks in part to the efforts of Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, a French engineer who had been involved in both of France’s canal projects. In the late 1890s Bunau-Varilla began lobbying American lawmakers to buy the French canal assets in Panama, and eventually convinced a number of them that Nicaragua had dangerous volcanoes, making Panama the safer choice. In 1902, Congress authorized the purchase of the French assets. However, the following year, when Colombia, which Panam


"Roswell, the ""UFO crash site"", is in which US state?"

Roswell UFO crash: what really happened 67 years ago? | News | The Week UK By Brian Edwards On 8 July 1947 the Roswell Daily Record newspaper published a front page article with the headline "RAAF Captures Flying Saucer On Ranch in Roswell Region", and the legend of America's most famous brush with aliens was born. Today, many conspiracy theorists consider the so-called "Roswell incident" to be one of the most conspicuous pieces of evidence that the US government has covered up the existence of extra-terrestrial life on Earth. But the Roswell story's position in the public imagination was far from immediate. What was the Roswell incident? On 7 July 1947, around 75 miles north of the town of Roswell in New Mexico, debris from a highly classified project used by the US Army Air Force (the precursor to the US Air Force) to detect atomic bomb tests in the Soviet Union, was recovered from a ranch after being reported by ranch worker William Brazel. Intrigued by the idea of flying saucers, Brazel gathered some of the debris and went to Roswell where he told Sheriff George Wilcox about his find. According to reports he "whispered kinda confidential like". Wilcox immediately reported the encounter to the USAAF base at Roswell which promptly sent agents to visit the ranch, but not before the press picked up the story. What was reported at the time? On 8 July 1947 Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF) issued a press release stating that a "flying disk" had crashed on a ranch near Roswell during a powerful storm. Later in the day, as government scientists arrived in the area, the story appeared to change. A press conference was held and it was stated instead that a weather balloon had crashed. Reporters were shown debris said to be taken from the crash area, such as foil, rubber and wood, which appeared to confirm that the object had been a weather balloon. After initially suggesting that Brazel's debris had come from a UFO, the Roswell Daily Record reported a correction which included the USAAF statement that it was a weather balloon that had been found at the site. Brazel later went on record to say that he regretted the publicity that his misidentification had caused. According to the official accounts, the debris Brazel found came from a balloon which was part of an experimental technology trial codenamed Project Mogul. What was Project Mogul? The classified Project Mogul was designed to detect sound waves in the upper atmosphere from Soviet atom bomb tests by flying microphones on trains of balloons at high altitude. Although the technology was quickly superseded, it remained secret for more than 20 years after the event. The fact that the balloon was involved in Cold War surveillance of the Soviet Union may have helped to propel rumours of a cover-up. How did it become a cause celebre? For 31 years the story was largely forgotten until The National Enquirer reported the original Roswell Daily Record story again, but not the correction. Following the publication of the new story, theories suggesting that the government's incomplete account had been an attempt to cover the discovery of an alien spacecraft began to take root. What did other witnesses say? Several people claimed to have seen debris scattered over a wide area and at least one person reported seeing a blazing aircraft in the sky shortly before it crashed, but the key account came from a former mortician, Glenn Dennis, who claimed in 1989 that a friend who worked as a nurse at the Roswell Army Air Field had accidentally walked into an examination room where doctors were bent over the bodies of three creatures. They apparently resembled humans, but with small bodies, spindly arms and giant bald heads. In 1995, Ray Santilli, a London-based entrepreneur, released "footage" of an alien autopsy performed in Roswell in 1947. Experts immediately ridiculed the footage as a hoax and he admitted years later that it was almost entirely fake. Nevertheless, Santilli insisted real footage existed, but due to its poor condition he had been forced to recreate it. Critics have questioned t


How many fence posts are required to surround a field that is 12 metres square, if a post must be provided every metre?

Estimated Costs for Livestock Fencing | Ag Decision Maker Written by Ralph Mayer, Tom Olsen former farm management specialists Estimated Costs for Livestock Fencing File B1-75 pdf format   Fencing costs  are one of the most expensive aspects of livestock grazing. The type  of fence constructed greatly impacts the cost per foot, total cost, and  annual ownership cost. In addition, the shape of the paddocks affects  the amount of materials needed and labor required for construction of  the fence. This publication compares the costs of building a quarter-mile  (1,320 feet) straight perimeter fence with four different types of  permanent fencing plus temporary interior fencing. These are: woven  wire, barbed wire, high-tensile non-electric, high-tensile electrified  and temporary interior fencing. The type of fencing selected varies by personal choice and the  species of livestock to be confined. In general all configurations  shown can be used with cattle, woven wire and high-tensile electrified  can be used with sheep, and woven wire can be used with hogs. The list of materials needed for each type of fencing is from Costs of Cattle Fencing for Grazing Areas (see references at the end of the article). Costs were adjusted to  2011 prices provided by a number of Iowa retailers, although prices may  vary. Labor was valued at $15.05 per hour for woven wire and $16.25  per hour for barbed wire, the average fence building custom charges  reported in AgDM File A3-10, 2011 Iowa Farm Custom Rate Survey .  These charges include the cost of equipment and tools for building  fence, as well as labor. Gates are not included in the estimates. Fencing can be configured in many different ways, using various types  of fencing materials. The examples in this publication provide a  general comparison between the following five configurations. Woven wire fence The woven wire fence (see Table 1) employs a brace that uses two  8-inch diameter posts and a 4-inch diameter cross-brace at each end.  Posts between the braces are steel "T" posts alternated with 4-inch  diameter pressure-treated wood posts. All posts are spaced 12 feet  apart with one strand of barbed wire at the top. Barbed wire fence Materials for the barbed wire fence (see Table 2) are similar to  the woven wire fence except that five strands of 12-gauge barbed wire  are substituted for the woven wire and single strand of barbed wire. High-tensile non-electric wire fence The high tensile non-electric fence (see Table 3) uses eight  strands of 12.5-gauge high-tensile wire on 4-inch diameter  pressure-treated wood posts. Posts are 20 feet apart. Bracing uses  three 8-inch diameter posts and two 4-inch diameter cross braces on  each end. Wire tension on this fence is maintained with springs and  ratchet-type tensioning devices. An alternative is to set posts 30 feet apart and place two  stay rods in the wire between each set of posts. Cost would be reduced  about $85 for every 1,320 feet of fence, or $0.064 per foot. High-tensile electrified wire fence The high tensile electrified fence (see Table 4) uses five strands  of 12.5 gauge high tensile wire with three charged and two grounded  wires. Bracing uses three 8-inch diameter posts and two 4-inch diameter  cross braces on each end. With the exception of brace posts, steel “T” posts spaced 25 feet apart are used. One quarter of the cost of an  electric energizer is included in the cost of the 1,320 foot fence,  assuming that such a unit would be used to energize at least a mile of  fence. Wire tension on this fence is maintained with springs and  ratchet type tensioning devises. Electrified polywire fence (for interior use only) The polywire fence (see Table 5) uses one strand of polywire. With  the exception of the end posts, fiberglass rod posts are used and  spaced 40 feet apart. One-fourth of the cost of an electric energizer  is included in the cost of 1,320 feet of fence, assuming that such a  unit would be used to energize at least a mi


Which British sculptor and artist of the 20th century, whose work was said to exemplify Modernism, was made a Dame in 1965 and died aged 72 in a fire in her studio at St Ives, Cornwall, in 1975?

British art | Art Blart Exhibition dates: 22nd October 2016 – 4th December 2016   There was hardly standing room at the opening of Beyond Eden: Polixeni Papapetrou at Monash Gallery of Art, Melbourne. As for car parking, I had to park the car on the grass out the back of the gallery it was so full. Inside, it was great to see Poli and the appreciative crowd really enjoyed her work. It was the usual fair from the exhibition Glamour stakes: Martin Parr, a whirl of movement, colour, intensity – in the frenetic construction of the picture plane; in the feverish nature of encounter between camera and subject – and obnoxious detail in photographs from the series Luxury (2003 – 2009). Low depth of field, flash photography, fabulous hats, and vibrant colours feature in images that ‘document leisure and consumption and highlight the unintentional, awkward and often ugly sides of beauty, fashion and wealth’. Sadly, after a time it all becomes a bit too predictable and repetitive. The pick of the bunch in the exhibition Dutch masters of light: Hendrik Kerstens & Erwin Olaf was the work of Hendrik Kerstens. Simple, elegant portrait compositions that feature, and subvert, the aesthetics of 17th-century Dutch master paintings. I love the humour and disruption in the a/historical account, “the différance [which] simultaneously contains within its neo-graphism the activities of differing and deferring, a distancing acted out temporally as well as spatially.” (Geoffrey Batchen) Marcus . Many thankx to Monash Gallery of Art for allowing me to publish the photographs in the posting. Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image.       Installation view of Beyond Eden: Polixeni Papapetrou at Monash Gallery of Art, Melbourne, featuring three images from the series It’s all about me (2016) © Marcus Bunyan, the artist and the Monash Gallery of Art   Polixeni Papapetrou (born Australia 1960) It’s all about me (installation view) 2016 From the series It’s all about me Pigment ink-jet print © Marcus Bunyan, the artist and the Monash Gallery of Art   Polixeni Papapetrou (born Australia 1960) Ask me again when I’m drunk (installation view) 2016 From the series It’s all about me Pigment ink-jet print © Marcus Bunyan, the artist and the Monash Gallery of Art     It’s all about me comprises five photographs of the artist’s daughter wearing doll-like masks and sporting a series of T-shirts bearing sassy slogans. As in much of Papapetrou’s work, the aesthetic of role-playing is used to suggest an awkward relationship between social appearances and an authentic self. These works specifically explore the complex world that contemporary teenage live in and the way identities are created and manipulated through fashion, social media and the internet. In this respect, the gauche quality of the photographs reflects the awkward self-importance of teenagers reaching for adulthood.     Installation views of Beyond Eden: Polixeni Papapetrou at Monash Gallery of Art, Melbourne, featuring photographs from the series Eden (2016) © Marcus Bunyan, the artist and the Monash Gallery of Art     Polixeni Papapetrou (seated) surrounded by friends, family and well wishers at the opening of her exhibition Beyond Eden: Polixeni Papapetrou at Monash Gallery of Art, Melbourne © Marcus Bunyan, the artist and the Monash Gallery of Art   Polixeni Papapetrou (born Australia 1960) Flora Courtesy of the artist and STILLS Gallery, Sydney     In Roman mythology, Flora (Latin: Flōra) was a Sabine-derived goddess of flowers and of the season of spring – a symbol for nature and flowers (especially the may-flower). While she was otherwise a relatively minor figure in Roman mythology, being one among several fertility goddesses, her association with the spring gave her particular importance at the coming of springtime, as did her role as goddess of youth. Her name is derived from the Latin word “flos” which means “flower”. In modern English, “Flora” also means the plants of a particular region or period.   Polixeni Papapetrou (born Australia 1960) Blinded Courtesy of the


What is the longest river on the island of New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea, Sepik River Trip, Oceanic and Tribal Art, Video - YouTube Papua New Guinea, Sepik River Trip, Oceanic and Tribal Art, Video Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 8, 2012 http://www.ewaoceanicgallery.com Video - The Sepik River is the longest river on the island of New Guinea. With 1,126 kilometers of flowing waters, the river provides a system of trade and cultural exchange between the diverse tribes who have lived upon the river's banks for centuries. With over 250 languages spoken throughout the region, the artistic styles found in villages of the Upper, Middle and Lower Sepik are outstandingly diverse. (Below are some of the villages in each region) * Upper Sepik Region - villages in Ambunti Mountains, Hunstein Mountains * Middle Sepik River Region- Aibom Village , Chambri Lake Villages, Korogo Village, Palambei Village, Tambanum Village, Yamok Village, Karawari and Blackwater Rivers * Lower Sepik River Region - adjacent coast Angoram Village Imbando Villages Taway Villages With every item created for use within the village's ceremonial and daily practices, the art itself provides a glimpse into these practices and belief systems of each village, which remain unchanged over time. From master carvers to their apprentices, the art produced by the people of the Sepik are world class and hold an appeal that will capture most Tribal Art collectors. Through our own expeditions upon the Sepik over the past 30 years, we have been fortunate to see first hand the people interact with their art, and hence Ewa Oceanic Gallery provides a diversity of pieces from this fascinating region. Visit us at http://www.ewaoceanicgallery.com


Who is credited with the design of the small British car known as the Mini?

Ten of the greatest: British car designers | Daily Mail Online Ten of the greatest: British car designers By DALE HARROW, Head of Vehicle Design at the Royal College of Art Updated: 20:52 EST, 21 August 2010 From Malcom Sayer's instant classic E-Type Jaguar to Peter Stevens' McLaren F1 road car, DALE HARROW chooses Britain's top ten motoring designers 1. JP BLATCHLEY ROLLS-ROYCE Rolls-Royce's designer JP Blatchley treated a car like a tailored suit, and his influence can still be seen in today's models Like many early car innovators, Blatchley had a background in aeronautical engineering (he designed the engine cowling for the Spitfire). Before he joined Rolls-Royce's styling department in 1945, the firm simply supplied its chassis to coach builders. His elegant designs made the Corniche and the Silver Shadow the ultimate symbols of wealth and style. He treated a car like a tailored suit, and his influence can still be seen in today's models. 2. CHAPMAN COLIN LOTUS Lotus founder Malcolm Sayer's key innovation was to experiment with new materials to reduce weight and improve performance, particularly fibreglass shells Lotus founder Chapman was an influential designer who, like Malcolm Sayer, applied a racing-car design sensibility to road models. He studied engineering and cut his teeth building his own cars as a member of the 750 Motor Club, a proving ground at the time. His key innovation was to experiment with new materials to reduce weight and improve performance, particularly fibreglass shells. His approach reaped instant dividends, notably the Sixties Elan, which still looks beautiful and remains a fabulous car to drive. 3. SIR ALEC ISSIGONIS MINI Sir Alec Issigonis was superb at repackaging ideas, making cars smaller and more efficient, and that fed into his greatest triumph, the most iconic British car ever - the Mini The son of an Anglophile Greek, Issigonis came out of that post-World War II generation that believed they could make anything. He pioneered independent suspension, moved the engine and gearbox together and was instrumental in making front-wheel drive the industry standard. His first major project was the Morris Minor, which demonstrated his ability to create cars with mass appeal  -  the Minor lasted for 20 years. He was superb at repackaging ideas, making cars smaller and more efficient, and that fed into his greatest triumph, the most iconic British car ever  -  the Mini. This led to a whole range of cars, including the Morris 1100 and 1800  -  an innovation in itself at the time. 4. MALCOLM SAYER E-TYPE JAGUAR Malcolm Sayer's E-type Jaguar was an instant classic, a leap forward from the typical British sportscar design of the time E-Type Jaguar designer: Malcolm Sayer Another designer, like Blatchley, who started out in aviation, in his case at the Bristol Aeroplane Company. Sayer took the principles of aerodynamics and applied them to car design, using mathematics to calculate wind flow in an era before wind tunnels. He began his career at Jaguar by creating two classic racing machines, the C- and D-types, but it was his first road model that became an icon. The E-type was an instant classic, a leap forward from the typical British sportscar design of the time, beloved by stars such as George Best and achieving sales of over 70,000. Sayer went on to create the XJ13 racing prototype, and was working on the XJS at the time of his death in 1970.  5. GORDON MURRAY MCLAREN Gordon Murray was a key figure in the development of the 240mph McLaren F1 road car, a three-seat coupé that pioneered the use of a carbon-fibre monocoque chassis and remains a benchmark 20 years on South African-born Murray studied engineering and went into Formula 1 with Brabham. He famously designed an innovative Alfa Romeo-engined car that was instantly banned because it was deemed too radical. He subsequently spent 18 years as technical director at McLaren, where he was responsible for creating title-winning cars for Ayrton Senna. He went on to be a key figure in the development of the 240mph McLaren F1 road car, a three-seat


In which British sitcom does a draughtsman give up his job to live a self-sufficient lifestyle, planting fruit and vegetables, and running chickens, pigs and a goat in the garden, to the horror of their next-door neighbours?

The Good Life (Series) - TV Tropes The Good Life You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share WMG This is the life... Brit Com about a married couple (Tom and Barbara Good) who decide to give up the rat race and become completely self-sufficient. On his 40th birthday, Tom Good gives up his job as a draughtsman in a company that makes plastic toys for boxes of breakfast cereal. Their house is paid for, so he and his wife decide to live a sustainable, simple and self-sufficient lifestyle while staying in their home in Surbiton. They dig up their gardens and convert them into allotments, growing fruit and vegetables. They buy chickens, pigs, a goat and a rooster. The Goods generate their own electricity, attempt to make their own clothes, and barter for essentials which they cannot make themselves. Their actions horrify their conventional, and conventionally materialistic, next-door neighbors, Margo and Jerry Leadbetter. Well, they horrify Margo. Tom's friend and former colleague Jerry is mostly just bemused. Hilarity Ensues . Notable for being a sitcom about Sustainability before sustainability was a common topic of discussion. Came ninth in Britain's Best Sitcom . Known as Good Neighbors in the US because NBC had an unrelated one season series called "The Good Life" a couple years before. This program provides examples of: Acting Unnatural : In one episode, Tom and Barbara think Margo is having an affair. When Jerry walks in, Tom tells Barbara to 'be natural'. They then both stand to attention and grin like idiots. The Alleged Car : In series 3 episode "A Tug At The Forelock" Tom decides to build his own, powered by the engine from the rotary cultivator, as an alternative to the (less economical but more sensible) horse Barbara got from the coal-man, who was upgrading to motor power. Despite Jerry's quizzing them on the lack of tax and insurance, its general roadworthiness is not brought up in that episode. Almost Famous Name : One episode revolves around Tom and Barbara being interviewed by a newspaper that turns out, after they've told everyone they know, to be a low-circulation student paper with a similar name to the famous national paper they thought they would be appearing in. Annoying Laugh : Jerry. A heh. Heheheheh. Arrow Cam : At least one episode includes an example of 'Goat Cam': "Geraldine! Kill!" Billed Above the Title : "Richard Briers in The Good Life". Briers had been playing sitcom leads for over a decade when he was offered the role of Tom, while Felicity Kendal, Penelope Keith and Paul Eddington were primarily known for their stage work. note At the time of casting, all four cast members had just appeared in West End runs of new plays by Alan Ayckbourn - Briers and Eddington in Absurd Person Singular (not at the same time), Kendal and Keith in The Norman Conquests. "Blackmail" Is Such an Ugly Word : Margo says almost exactly this line (minus "such") to her choir mistress in the series 1 episode "The Pagan Rite" regarding the fact that she, not the choir mistress, is the one baking gingerbread cookies for the meetings. Butt Monkey : Margo - Deconstructed in one episode, where she tipsily pours her heart out about being fully aware of this trope ever since she was in school: Margo: I never understood jokes ... so I became the butt of them. Christmas Episode : "Silly, But It's Fun" Continuity Nod : A few. The show has pretty good continuity, in particular in limiting Tom and Barbara's wardrobe. In "The Day Peace Broke Out", Barbara mentions Tom missing a chicken when trying to shoot it, which occurred in "Say Little Hen...". Contrived Coincidence : Margo and Jerry go on holiday, Tom does his back out and a freak storm hits Surbiton the week the Goods need to get their first harvest in at the end of series one. Coupled Couples : Tom and Barbara, and Jerry and Margo. Deadpan Snarker : The whole cast, but Jerry in particular. Earth Mother : Barbara Good, who is frequently an Unkempt Beauty . Emotions Versus Stoicism : A couple of episodes revolve around this. Emotion usually wins


The Hong Kong Sevens, a competition for seven-a-side rugby, has been held at what venue since 1994?

History History History Hong Kong Sevens Rugby History The Hong Kong Sevens is considered the premier tournament on the IRB Sevens World Series rugby sevens competition. The Hong Kong Sevens is the sixth tournament on the IRB Sevens World Series (following the USA Sevens), and is held annually in Hong Kong on a weekend in late March. The tournament spans three days, beginning on a Friday and concluding on Sunday. The 2013 event took place on 22–24 March. The tournament is organised each year by the Hong Kong Rugby Football Union (HKRFU), The Hong Kong Sevens was originally the idea of the Marketing and Promotions Manager of Rothman’s Export for a Pan Asia 15s Rugby Tournament. Rodney Bentham-Wood wanted Rothmans to sponsor a pan Asia rugby Tournament. However, after a discussion between him and the chairman of the HKRFU, South African entrepreneur, A.D.C. “Tokkie” Smith, it was decided that a Sevens Tournament would be cheaper and simpler to set up. The idea was then implemented by Duncan McTavish (HKRFC then captain), Trevor J. Bedford OBE (Chairman of Hong Kong Land, Jardine Matheson Limited, Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group and Director of HSBC) and Ian Gow, the Rothmans’ Tobacco company executive for Hong Kong. After an initial proposal was refused by the Rugby Football Union in England, the HKRFU changed its focus and sent out invitations to Asian and Pacific sides. On 28 March 1976, clubs from Indonesia, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Tonga, Japan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Fiji participated in the first Hong Kong Sevens Tournament at the Hong Kong Football Club in Happy Valley sponsored by Rothmans’ Tobacco and Cathay Pacific. This was an important step as this was one of the first rugby tournaments that attracted commercial sponsorship. Of the countries represented in the inaugural sevens tournament, only Australia and New Zealand did not send national sides, instead being represented by the Wallaroos and the Cantabrians respectively. These two clubs met in the final where the Cantabrians won 24-8. The series then grew into a competition with national representative sevens sides competing, and with this growth, the tournament moved to the Hong Kong Stadium in 1982. The Hong Kong Sevens were ahead of their time, and an influential force in the modernisation of rugby union, for example, the Hong Kong Sevens were one of the first rugby union tournaments to attract major sponsorship, when the airline Cathay Pacific sponsored the 1976 tournament.[1] They also provided a level of cosmopolitan international competition, which tended not to exist in rugby before the first Rugby World Cup in 1987,[2] especially since Hong Kong was not seen as one of the “Big Eight”, and other than some involvement with France, the Commonwealth teams tended to be notoriously clannish. By 1986, the Hong Kong Sevens were held up as a positive example to others. “This Seven-a-Side international tournament is without a doubt the most spectacular, exotic, best organized Rugby competition of its kind in the world, and it has consistently produced the highest standard of Sevens Rugby seen anywhere. “I was not surprised on my first visit to see quality play from the Australian, New Zealand, Fijian, and British players, but I was staggered at the amazingly high quality play produced by countries I never even knew played Rugby. South Korea and Western Samoa were every bit as good as Japan and Tonga. Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore found their lack of sheer size and bulk an insuperable handicap, but against each other they displayed a range of running and handling skills which demanded unqualified praise. Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and the Solomon Islands were inevitably outgunned by the teams from the major Rugby-playing nations but they still have a remarkably high level of skill which promises well for the future of the game.” “The week of the Hong Kong tournament allows 24 Rugby-playing nations to intermingle for several days, and the huge cross-fertilisation of ideas can only be beneficial in the long term for the emerging nations. After the


What was the name of eleven rulers of the 19th and 20th Egyptian dynasties?

List of Rulers of Ancient Egypt and Nubia | Lists of Rulers | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art List of Rulers of Ancient Egypt and Nubia See works of art 30.8.234 52.127.4 Our knowledge of the succession of Egyptian kings is based on kinglists kept by the ancient Egyptians themselves. The most famous are the Palermo Stone, which covers the period from the earliest dynasties to the middle of Dynasty 5; the Abydos Kinglist, which Seti I had carved on his temple at Abydos; and the Turin Canon, a papyrus that covers the period from the earliest dynasties to the reign of Ramesses II. All are incomplete or fragmentary. We also rely on the History of Egypt written by Manetho in the third century B.C. A priest in the temple at Heliopolis, Manetho had access to many original sources and it was he who divided the kings into the thirty dynasties we use today. It is to this structure of dynasties and listed kings that we now attempt to link an absolute chronology of dates in terms of our own calendrical system. The process is made difficult by the fragmentary condition of the kinglists and by differences in the calendrical years used at various times. Some astronomical observations from the ancient Egyptians have survived, allowing us to calculate absolute dates within a margin of error. Synchronisms with the other civilizations of the ancient world are also of limited use.


The chief rivers of which country are the Ebro, Jucar, Guadalquivir, Tagus, Douru and Minho?

Use Guadiana in a sentence | Guadiana sentence examples LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST BADAJOZ, the capital of the Spanish province described above; situated close to the Portugue.se frontier, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid-Lisbon railway. DON BENITO, a town of western Spain, in the province of Badajoz; near the left bank of the river Guadiana, on the MadridBadajoz-Lisbon railway. GUADIANA (anc. Anas, Moorish Wadi Ana), a river of Spain and Portugal. The Guadiana was long believed to rise in the lowland known as the Campo de Montiel, where a chain of small lakes, the Lagunas de Ruidera (partly in Ciudad Real, partly in Albacete), are linked together by the Guadiana Alto or Upper Guadiana. Of the point of disappearance, the Guadiana Alto was believed to re-emerge in the form of several large springs, which form numerous lakes near the Zancara and are known as the "eyes of the Guadiana" (los ojos de Guadiana). The stream which connects them with the Zancara is called the Guadiana Bajo or Lower Guadiana. It is now known that the Guadiana Alto has no such course, but flows underground to the Zancara itself, which is the true "Upper Guadiana." The Zancara rises near the source of the Jucar, in the east of the tableland of La Mancha; thence it flows westward, assuming the name of Guadiana near Ciudad Real, and reaching the Portuguese frontier 6 m. The Guadiana drains an area of 31,9 4 0 sq. The Guadiana Menor (or Guadianamenor, i.e. "Lesser Guadiana") rises in the Sierra Nevada, receives two large tributaries, the Fardes from the right and Barbata from the left, and enters the Guadalquivir near Ubeda, after a course of 95 m. VILLANUEVA DE LA SERENA, a town of western Spain, in the province of Badajoz, near the left bank of the river Guadiana, and on the Madrid-Badajoz railway. The British troops were directed towards Lisbon and Cadiz, in order to secure these harbours, to prevent the subjugation of Andalusia, and to operate up the basins of the Guadiana, Tagus and Douro into Spain. Local prosperity was greatly enhanced during the period 18 751905 by the improvement of communications, which enabled the grain, fruit and wine of the Guadiana valley, on the north, and of the upland known as the Tierra de Barros, on the south, to be readily exported by the Merida-Seville railway. EBRO (anc. Iberus or Hiberus), the only one of the five great rivers of the Iberian Peninsula (Tagus, Douro, Ebro, Guadalquivir, Guadiana) which flows into the Mediterranean. In its length, approximately 465 m., the Ebro is inferior to the Tagus, Guadiana and Douro; it drains an area of nearly 32,000 sq. Three great rivers, the Douro, which traverses Old Castile, with the Tagus and Guadiana, which respectively drain the central and southern regions of New Castile, flow westward into Portugal, and finally reach the Atlantic; while the Ebro, which rises in the north of the kingdom, skirts the north-eastern frontier on its way to the Mediterranean. JEREZ DE LOS CABALLEROS, a town of south-western Spain, in the province of Badajoz, picturesquely situated on two heights overlooking the river Ardila, a tributary of the Guadiana, 12 m. Azuaga is the central market for the live-stock of the broad upland pastures watered by the Matachel, a left-hand tributary of the Guadiana, and by the Bembezar, a right-hand tributary of the Guadalquivir. VALDEPENAS, a town of Spain, in the province of Ciudad Real; near the right bank of the river Jabalon, a tributary of the Guadiana, and on the Madrid-Cordova and Valdepenas-La Calzada railways. Its one large river is the Guadiana, which traverses the north of the province from east to west, fed by many tributaries; but it is only at certain seasons that the river-beds fill with any considerable volume of water, and the Guadiana may frequently be forded without difficulty. In the hot months intermittent fevers are prevalent in the Guadiana valley.


How old was the oldest person to win an Olympic Medal?

Oldest and Youngest Olympians Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > Trivia > Oldest and Youngest Oldest and Youngest Olympians (Summer Games) Here are some of the 'Oldest and Youngest' competitors at the Summer Olympic Games. See also our list of the oldest living Olympians , and much more Olympic Trivia . Oldest Male Competitor The oldest ever Olympian is Oscar Swahn of Sweden. He was 72 years, 281 days old when he competed at the 1920 Olympics in shooting. He also qualified for the 1924 Olympics but withdrew without competing. other old competitors Arthur von Pongracz of Austria also competed at age 72 in  Dressage in 1936, becoming one of the oldest ever competitors at the Olympics. Arthur von Pongracz was born June 25, 1864 and competed on August 12 and 13, 1936, so he was 72 years and 49 days old. Equestrian rider Hiroshi Hoketsu is the oldest Japanese Olympic representative, competing in 2012 at age 71. In 2012 he finished 40th in the individual dressage event. Hoketsu first took part in the Olympics in 1964, qualified in 1988 (but did not compete as his horse was quarantined), and also competed in 2008. Louis, Count du Douet de Graville (69 years, 95 days) competed in Equestrian at the 1900 Olympics. He was born February 27, 1831, and competed on June 2, 1900. If you include the art competitions (and some people do) and deceased people, then the oldest Olympic participant may be USA artist Winslow Homer who was a participant in the painting category at the 1932 Summer Games. He actually died in 1910, but if he was still alive he would have been 96 years, 157 days old when he competed. He was listed as "hors concours", by one definition means engaged in a contest but not competing for a prize. Oldest Male Gold Medalist Oscar Swahn won a gold medal for shooting at the 1912 Olympics, when he was 64 years and 280 days old. At the time of his win, Swahn was 9 months older than Galen Spencer had been when he won his gold medal in 1904. Other old gold medalists Galen Carter Spencer was an American who competed in archery at the 1904 Summer Olympics. He won the gold medal in the team competition. He was born September 19, 1840, and competed on  September 19, 1904, which means he competed on his 64th birthday. Jerry Millner (born July 5, 1847) was a British shooter who represented Great Britain and Ireland at the 1908 Summer Olympics. He won a gold medal in the Free rifle at 1000 yards. At the time he was 61 years and 4 days old. Oldest Male Medalist The oldest male Olympic medalist is genarally considered to be Swedish shooter Oscar Swahn. He won a silver medal in 1920 when he was 72 years, 281 days old. Overall Swahn won 6 medals in a shooting sport called "running deer." in appearances at the  1908, 1912, and 1920 Games. However, there is an older medalist from the little known art competitions that ran from 1912 to 1948. In the final year that these events were held, British graphic artist John Copley was awarded the silver medal for his design "Polo Player" just about a month before his 74th birthday. This makes him officially the oldest Olympic medalists ever. Oldest Female Competitor The oldest woman to compete in the Olympics was British rider Lorna Johnstone, who participated in Equestrian at the 1972 Olympic Games at 70 years and 5 days old. Oldest Female Medalist Lida Peyton "Eliza" Pollock from the USA competed in the 1904 Olympic Games archery competition. She won bronze in the Women's Double Columbia and National Rounds and as part of the women's Team Round she won a gold medal. She was aged 63 years and 333 days when she won gold. Oldest Female Gold Medalist Lida Peyton "Eliza" Pollock won gold aged 63 years and 333 days, though as part of a team event. The oldest woman ever to win an Olympic gold medal in an individual event was British archery winner Sybil “Queenie” Newall who won gold in the Double National Round in 1908, aged 53 years, 275 days. Youngest Male Medalists If you discount the young coxain who won gold in 1900, the youngest confirmed Olympic medalist is Greek gymnast D


Which country, governed by the Danish government as its colony, was made an equal part of the Danish Kingdom in 1953?

Denmark - Government and society | history - geography | Britannica.com Government and society Sten Sture, the Younger Constitutional framework The constitution of June 5, 1953 , provides for a unicameral legislature , the Folketing , with not more than 179 members (including two from the Faroe Islands and two from Greenland). The prime minister heads the government, which is composed additionally of cabinet ministers who run the various departments, such as justice , finance, and agriculture. The ceremonial head of state, the monarch, appoints the prime minister (generally the leader of the largest party or coalition in the Folketing) and the cabinet ministers in consultation with the legislature. The monarch also signs acts passed by the Folketing upon the recommendation of the cabinet sitting as the Council of State. To become law, the acts must be countersigned by at least one cabinet member. Faced with a vote of no confidence, the cabinet must resign. Denmark Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. In addition to establishing unicameralism, the 1953 constitution mandates popular referenda (used, for example, to secure public approval for Danish entry into the EEC, now part of the EU) and postulates the creation of an ombudsman office—the first outside Sweden , its country of origin. The Succession to the Throne Act, which accompanied the 1953 constitution, provides for female succession. This allowed the accession of Queen Margrethe II in 1972. Local government Before 1970, local government in Denmark was carried out by a system of county council districts, boroughs, and parishes. A reform in that year reduced the number of counties and replaced the boroughs and parishes with a system of municipalities. In 2007 a further reform replaced the counties with a small number of administrative regions, which encompass the various municipalities. Regions and municipalities are governed by elected councils. Justice Most criminal charges and civil disputes fall within the jurisdiction of district courts. Two High Courts hear appeals from the district courts and serve as courts of original jurisdiction in serious criminal cases, in which 12-person juries are impaneled. In some nonjury criminal cases, lay judges sit alongside professional judges and have an equal vote. The Special Court of Indictment and Revision may reopen a criminal case and order a new trial. In Copenhagen there is a Maritime and Commercial Court, which also uses lay judges. The Supreme Court sits at the apex of the legal system.


What is the common name for peristalsis?

What is Peristalsis? (with pictures) Hobbies What is Peristalsis? Last Modified Date: 12 January 2017 Copyright Protected: 10 most extreme places on Earth Peristalsis is a series of muscle contractions and relaxations that occur along the course of the intestinal tract to push food and waste products through. In some cases, people can actually feel the contractions as they occur, especially in the case of movements of the large intestine . The basic principles behind this natural process in the body have also been adapted for peristaltic pumps, devices that utilize the same techniques used by the body to push fluids from place to place. The way in which peristalsis works is fairly simple. When food or water enters the gastrointestinal tract , the muscles start to compress and relax in a wave-like motion to push the material through. In the case of someone swallowing a bite of apple, when the apple reaches the esophagus , bands of smooth muscle alternate squeezing and relaxing movements. As the muscle squeezes, the apple moves to the area where the muscle is relaxed, which will be further down the esophagus. The muscles further up stay contracted so that the food can't work its way back up, and eventually, the food reaches the stomach. Ad The stomach, in turn, forces its contents into the intestinal tract with peristaltic movements. The small intestines are constantly pushing material along so that it can be further broken down and digested, and to facilitate the expulsion of gas created as a byproduct of digestion so that the gas does not build up. By contrast, the large intestine goes through only two or three periods of big contractions every day, which are designed to push fecal material out of the anus. This system is designed to prevent reverse peristalsis, in which food goes in the opposite of the desired direction. The body can sometimes have a wayward attitude, however, especially when it comes to getting rid of things which it deems harmful. Vomiting , for example, is caused by intense contractions of the abdominal muscles which push food back up through the esophagus, overriding the usual muscle movements. People may sometimes refer jokingly to vomiting as “reverse peristalsis,” although this terminology is technically incorrect. Ruminants like goats and cows, however, do engage in this practice when they regurgitate cuds to chew on. In these animals, the digestive tract creates a vacuum that pulls partially-digested cuds into the esophagus, and then the animal uses muscle contractions to move the cud into the mouth so that it can be chewed again. Ad


In which country is the Plateau of the Great Karroo?

Great Karoo | plateau, South Africa | Britannica.com plateau, South Africa Alternative Titles: Central Karoo, Great Karroo, Groot Karoo Similar Topics Jos Plateau Great Karoo, Karoo also spelled Karroo, Afrikaans Groot Karoo, also called Central Karoo, plateau basin in Western Cape province, South Africa , lying between the Great Escarpment (north) and the Swartberg (south). It represents the effect of headwater erosion by rivers flowing southwest and southeast from the escarpment. The Great Karoo is divided into a western basin and a much larger eastern basin. The western, which is the headwater basin for the Doring River, is about 140 miles (225 km) north to south and about 50 miles (80 km) wide. The eastern basin contains the headwaters of the Buffels, Dwyka, Gamka, Groot, and Sondags rivers; it is about 300 miles (480 km) long, its width decreasing westward from 80 to 50 miles (130 to 80 km), and is rugged in the north and flat in the south. The low annual rainfall (ranging from 16 inches [400 mm] in the east to 4 inches [100 mm] in the west) and the fauna are typical of arid, semidesert regions. A grazing area, especially for sheep and goats, the basin is fertile where irrigated along the stream courses. Grains and fruit are the chief crops. The principal towns are Graaff-Reinet, Beaufort West, and Aberdeen. The Great Karoo, near Laingsburg, Western Cape province, S.Af. Winfried Bruenken


How many players from each team usually make up a rugby sevens scrum?

Rugby Sevens and 10-a-side - ActiveSG Rugby Sevens and 10-a-side Rugby: Types of passing and catching Image credit: Andrew Tan/SportSG Not every game of rugby requires 15 players. Variations of the game, such as the rugby tens and rugby sevens have sprung up so check out the key differences between the three. Rugby Sevens  Also known as 7-a-side rugby, or Sevens, this version of rugby requires only, as its name suggests, seven players on each team. Games are also much shorter compared to the traditional 15-player rugby with each half lasting just seven minutes (compared to 40 minute-halves), with a one minute break in between. Rugby sevens is played by a team of three forwards and four backs - with two props and a hooker playing forwards, and a scrum-half, fly-half, center and winger for the backs. Due to playing numbers being halved, sevens players need to be extremely fit and fast to be able to cover the same pitch size. This adds to the excitement and its growing popularity as games are fast paced and high scoring while tournaments can be concluded in just two or three days In terms of rules, the scrum consist of three forwards on each team, instead of the eight forwards in 15-player rugby, while line outs are usually limited to two players. Other differences from the 15-a-side game are that conversions must be drop kicked, instead of a place kick, and these kicks must take place 40-seconds after a try instead of the full minute in traditional rugby. Another difference is that the team that scores a try restarts the game and if the restart does not go beyond the required 10 metres then a free-kick is awarded to the non-offending team at the centre of the half way line. In terms of yellow card suspensions, while the sin bin lasts for 10minutes in 15s rugby, in rugby sevens a suspension lasts two minutes. Rugby Tens  In Rugby Tens or 10-a-side rugby, there are only five forwards and five backs in the side with each half lasting only 10-minutes each. Two props, a hooker and two locks make up the forwards, while the backs consist of a scrum-half, fly-half, centre, winger, and fullback. Scrums in rugby tens is formed by five players on each team, with two rows instead of eight players in three rows in traditional rugby. As with seven-a-side rugby, the team that manages to score a try restarts the game, and only drop kicks can be used to score a goal. Conversions –as in rugby sevens – must be scored with a drop kick and done within 40-seconds of a try or it will be discounted. Similarly, suspensions also last two minutes instead of the 10-minutes in 15sgame. This variation has been played for decades in Singapore and remains popular locally, however, unlike rugby sevens, which has soared in popularity across the world – now even featuring in the Commonwealth and Olympic Games - rugby tens is still largely played only in Southeast Asia having been invented in and spread from Malaysia. To receive the latest updates on the happenings in the Singapore sports scene, or to find out more about some of the latest programmes on offer at ActiveSG, like our Facebook page here .


What was the name given to wandering players in 12th and 13th century France, England and Germany who recited poems of love and wine?

Carmina Burana  and  Carmina Cantabrigiensia ( Cambridge Songs ) | little spy eye Carmina Burana  and  Carmina Cantabrigiensia ( Cambridge Songs ) source : WIKIPEDIA.COM CARMINA  BURANA Carmina Burana, Latin for “Songs from Beuern” (short for: Benediktbeuern), is the name given to a manuscript of 254 poems and dramatic texts mostly from the 11th or 12th century, although some are from the 13th century. The pieces were written principally in Medieval Latin; a few in Middle High German, and some with traces of Old French or Provençal. Some are macaronic, a mixture of Latin and German or French vernacular.                                                                           They were written by students and clergy when the Latin idiom was the lingua franca across Italy and western Europe for travelling scholars, universities and theologians. Most of the poems and songs appear to be the work of Goliards, clergy (mostly students) who set up and satirized the Catholic Church. The collection preserves the works of a number of poets, including Peter of Blois, Walter of Châtillon and an anonymous poet, referred to as the Archpoet. The collection was found in 1803 in the Benedictine monastery of Benediktbeuern, Bavaria, and is now housed in the Bavarian State Library in Munich. Along with the Carmina Cantabrigiensia, the Carmina Burana is the most important collection of Goliard and vagabond songs. The manuscripts reflect an “international” European movement, with songs originating from Occitania, France, England, Scotland, Aragon, Castile and the Holy Roman Empire. Twenty-four poems in Carmina Burana were set to music by Carl Orff in 1936; Orff’s composition quickly became a staple piece of the classical music repertoire. The opening and closing movement, “O Fortuna”, has been used in countless films and has become a symbol of the “epic” song in popular culture. Carmina Burana remains one of the most popular pieces of music ever written. The Carmina Burana (abbreviated CB) is a manuscript written in 1230 by two different scribes in an early gothic minuscule (small letters; what we would today call lower-case, as opposed to majuscule – large, capital, upper-case, used in Roman manuscripts) on 119 sheets of parchment. In the 14th century, a number of free pages, cut of a slightly different size, were attached at the end of the text. The handwritten pages were bound into a small folder, called the Codex Buranus, in the Late Middle Ages. However, in the process of binding, the text was placed partially out of order, and some pages were most likely lost as well. The manuscript contains eight miniatures: the wheel of fortune (which actually is an illustration from the songs CB 14–18, but was placed by the book binder as the cover), an imaginative forest, a pair of lovers, scenes from the story of Dido and Aeneas, a scene of drinking beer, and three scenes of playing games – dice, ludus duodecim scriptorum, and chess. Older research took it to be the case that the manuscript was written where it was found in Benediktbeuern. Today, however, there is disagreement in the community of Carmina Burana scholars over the birthplace of the manuscript. What is agreed upon is that, because of the dialect of the Middle High German phrases in the text, the manuscript must be from the region of central Europe that speaks the Bavarian dialect of German, which includes parts of southern Germany, western Austria, and northern Italy, and, because of the Italian peculiarities of the text, it must be from the southern region thereof. The two possible locations of its origin are either the bishop’s seat of Seckau in Styria, or Kloster Neustift near Brixen in South Tyrol. In support of the first theory: a bishop Heinrich, who was provost there from 1232 to 1243, was mentioned as provost of Maria Saal in Carinthia in CB 6* of the added folio (* denotes the song is in the added folio) and it is possible that he funded the creation of the Carmina Burana; the marchiones (people from Steiermark) were mentioned in CB 219,3 before the Bavarians, Saxons or


What number cannot be written in Roman numerals?

Roman Numerals | History, Chart and Converter 1,000,000   If a smaller numerical value is placed before one of a larger numerical value it means subtraction, all else means addition. For example, IX means 9, XI means 11.You cannot place more than one number of smaller value before a number of a larger value for subtraction. For example, IIX would not be correct to mean 8. Thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones all separated and are written as separate items. Which means that 98 is XCVIII, 90 + 8, same as 99 is written as 90 + 9 or XCIX and not as simply IC. On the same note, 1999 cannot be written as MIM and 999 cannot be written as IM but rather 1999 should be MCMXCIX and 999 should be written as CMXCIX. I Roman number which represents 1 (one). 2 is II, 3 is III. 4 is written as IV following our rules above, and it is also much shorter to write. V Roman number for 5. 4 is written as IV, 6 is written as VI, 7 is written as VII and 8 is written as VIII. X Roman number for 10. 11 is written as XI, 12 is written as XII, 13 is written as XIII, 14 is written as XIV, fifteen is written as XV. L Roman number for 500. 400 is written as CD, 600 is written as DC. M Roman number for 1000. 900 is written as CM, 1100 is written as MC. You can easily remember this as thinking that a millennium is 1000 years. There are times that you would see a roman number with a line over or above it. That line signifies multiplication of the value by 1000, so the number V with a line above it or over it means it has a value of 5000.   What Are Roman Numbers or Roman Numerals? The chart above depicts how Roman Numerals or Roman Numbers are written and read, so if you found yourself in this page, you might be interested in Roman Numerals and have a lot of questions about them. Like who invented the Roman Numbers (hint: they are from Rome!), where did the idea of this number system came from, do we use them up to this day, etc etc. Read what on to see what we wrote on this ancient roman number system to know more. If you are the observant and visual type, you may have noticed that you are encircled by ancient history. Things such as architecture, arts, even inventions and gadgets often have ancient beginnings, but for now we would be talking about Roman Numerals. As of this writing, Roman Numbers or Numerals are all over you. They can be seen in clocks, book titles, movie credits, monuments, signs, and even people’s names! Who invented this ancient number system? Where did it came from? How does it work? How can we read and/or write it? Why do we still have and use it today? These questions of yours will be answered if you read through up to the last word in this article. Where did the Roman Numbers or Numerals Came From? Though we have a specific article written about the history of roman numerals , we can still talk about it here. The conception of Roman Numbers goes way back in history, thousands of years back in fact. As a growing society, the ancient romans or their ancestor (no one knows for sure) needed a way to record things, so they invented a way of counting that serves this purpose which was just represented by simple notches on earlier times. As their society grew, a problem came up. Counting with notches do not work well when dealing with larger numbers. Aside from the fact it is difficult to read on first glance and requires closer scrutiny, it also takes too much space when carving or writing it. So someone (who no one knows, because this was from a long, long, long time ago) added V to mean 5 notches, and this means that counting became much easier. As the roman society grew more, even way back before they became an empire, the need for a better counting system further arose, hence more symbols, such as X was invented to represent 10. Because of this innovations, counting and recording became much easier, examples: Instead of writing IIIIIII to mean 7, you can just write VII And, instead of writing IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII to mean 21, you can simply write XXI. That is way faster and easier! What is great about this new system is of course it


What is the name of the bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada, which forms the first part of their Constitution Act, 1982?

Essay about Bill of rights vs. Canadian charter. - 3046 Words Please sign up to read full document. Text Preview It is in this vein that a country drafts legislation to protect the rights of their inhabitants. In the United States there is the Bill of Rights of 1781, which consists of a preamble and the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, 1787. In Canada there is the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is the first part of the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982. Both of these documents provide for the rights and freedoms for their respective populations. These documents are vastly different, but also contain several similarties. Thou both excellent documents, it is in my contention, however, that the Bill of Rights is far superior, more significant and efficiently exceeds the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Bill of Rights has a long history entangled with that of the American Constitution. The first Congress has achieved more than any other congress in American history, they not only have the credits of a successful organization of the government, of law, administration, and defense but the enactment of the American Bill of Rights. The original Constitution of 1787 contained several provisions of major significance for civil liberties, however did not contain a specific bill of rights. This failure to incorporate a bill of rights by the framers of the constitution was not a sign of resentment or lack of concern to the rights of man, but rather their certainty that particular guarantees of rights was unnecessary. However this did not satisfy some states, who deeply demanded for solemn assurances that the new government would not consent to exercise tyranny, therefore a debate between the Federalist and Anti-Federalist began. The Federalist were who argued for a strong national government to provide order and protect rights of people and claimed that the bill of rights was unnecessary. On the other hand the Anti- Federalist argued for a weak national government and wanted to add the Bill of Rights to protect the people against abuses of power. A number of states had ratified the Constitution with the understanding that it would be amended by the addition of the Bill of Rights. A Virginian, James Madison who's known as the Father of the Constitution and principle draftsman of the first ten amendments proposed The Bill of Rights to congress. The Bill of Rights is the name given to the first ten amendments of the Constitution of the United States adopted in, 1791. These amendments guarantee certain basic or fundamental rights and liberties, that support democracy and are essential to justice of the people against the power of the government. Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark wrote in the New York Times "A right is not what someone gives you, but what on one can take away." This is way the rights and freedoms in the Bill of Rights are considered, inalienable and cannot be taken away. These amendments, more precisely the first eight of them, denote certain basic freedoms and procedural safeguards which the individual may not be deprived by government power. The first ten amendments are therefore, virtually contemporaneous with the Constitution itself. These specified freedoms and protections are the core of American civil liberty and provide for the constitutional basis for protection of the rights of an individual. The provisions of the 1st Amendment are freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition; the 2nd Amendment protects the rights to possess of firearms; the 3rd Amendment declares that the government may not require people to house soldiers during peacetime; the 4th Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures; the 5th Amendment prohibits against double jeopardy and self-incrimination; no taking of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; requirement of fair compensation when private property is taken for public use; the 6th Amendment procedural safeguards in criminal prosecutions; the 7th Amendment guarantees the right to trail by jury in civil cases;


The White House (Visitors Guide, Tours, Tickets & More) The White House (Visitors Guide, Tours, Tickets & More) Exploring the Home and Office of the President in Washington, DC Photo © Max Bernhardt/Getty Images By Rachel Cooper Updated August 22, 2016. Visitors from around the world come to Washington DC to tour the White House, the home and office of the U.S. President. Built between 1792 and 1800, the White House is one of the oldest public buildings in the nation's capital and serves as a museum of American history. George Washington selected the site for the White House in 1791 and chose the design submitted by Irish-born architect James Hoban. The historic structure has been expanded and renovated many times throughout history. There are 132 rooms on 6 levels. The decor includes a collection of fine and decorative arts, such as historic paintings, sculpture, furniture, and china. See photos of the White House to learn about the architectural features of the President's home. Tours of the White House Public tours of the White House are limited to groups of 10 or more and must be requested through a member of Congress. These self-guided tours are available from 7:30 to 11:30 a.m. Tuesday through Thursday and 7:30 a.m. continue reading below our video Tipping Etiquette Around the World to 1:30 p.m. Friday and Saturday. Tours are scheduled on a first come, first served basis, Requests can be submitted up to six months in advance and no less than 21 days in advance. To contact your Representative and Senators, call (202) 224-3121. Tickets are provided free of charge. Visitors who are not US citizens should contact their embassy in DC about tours for international visitors, which are arranged through the Protocol Desk at the State Department. Visitors who are 18 years of age or older will be required to present a valid, government-issued photo identification. All foreign nationals must present their passport. Prohibited items include: cameras, video recorders, backpacks or purses, strollers, weapons and more. The U.S. Secret Service reserves the right to prohibit other personal items. 24-hour Visitors Office Line: (202) 456-7041 Address See a map of the White House Transportation and Parking The closest Metro stations to the White House are Federal Triangle, Metro Center and McPherson Square. Parking is very limited in this area, so public transportation is recommended. See information about parking near the National Mall. White House Visitor Center The White House Visitor Center has just been renovated with brand new exhibits and  is open seven days a week from 7:30 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. Watch a 30-minute video and learn about many aspects of the White House, including its architecture, furnishings, first families, social events, and relations with the press and world leaders. Read more about the White House Visitor Center Lafayette Park The seven-acre public park located across from the White House is a great spot to take photos and enjoy the view. It is a prominent arena often used for public protests, ranger programs and special events. Read more about Lafayette Park. White House Garden Tours The White House Garden is open to the public a few times a year. Visitors are invited to view the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden, Rose Garden, Children's Garden and South Lawn. Tickets are distributed the day of the event. Read more about White House Garden Tours. Planning to visit Washington DC for a few days? See a Washington DC Travel Planner for information on the best time to visit, how long to stay, where to stay, what to do, how to get around and more.


In chess, what piece can only move diagonally?

Which chess piece can only move diagonally? | Reference.com Which chess piece can only move diagonally? A: Quick Answer Bishops are the only chess piece to only move diagonally. Another way to consider the bishop's movement is that whatever color square it starts on, it must always stay on that color. Full Answer A bishop can be moved any number of spaces if a player chooses to move it, as long as it is moved diagonally. A bishop has a value of three pawns, according to the Capablanca & de Firmian valuation, which puts bishops at an even value with knights. This valuation is founded on the fact that the bishop can threaten between seven and 13 squares due to its movement options.


What is the longest river in Italy? | Reference.com What is the longest river in Italy? A: Quick Answer The longest river in Italy is the Po River, which flows over 405 miles from its source in the Val Po of the northern Italian Cottian Alps to its outflow in the Adriatic Sea near Venice. It begins at 6,900 feet above sea level and discharges at sea level. Full Answer The Po River flows through the cities of Ferrara, Turin and Piacenza. It is surrounded by the Po Valley, which extends to parts of Switzerland and France. The valley is frequently subject to heavy flooding from the Po River. At its widest point, the river has an expanse of 1,650 feet. The second-largest river in Italy is the Adige River.


Which country became a separate state in 1890 after having been, since 1443, part of Burgundy, Spain, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands?

Female Leaders in The Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg   B.C. 590-59 Legendary Ruler Adela of Friesland (The Netherlands and      Germany) After the murder of Frana in 586 BCE, the people wanted the "borough      maid" Adela to be their new Earth Mother, but she refused because she      wished to resign from her citadel and marry, which she did. For the      next thirty years no Mother could be elected because each state      supported the its own Maiden. More land was lost to the Magy of the      Finns and Magyars but not by conquest of arms. He used propaganda on      children and bribes on the nobles, promising them permanent hereditary      offices with special privileges. These were long-term plans that      undermined the very foundation of Friesland society. During Adelaï¿½s      unofficial reign, nobles were then being mentioned but the meaning of      such offices was changing. A count took the public inventory; he      counted, initially the market sales, which were taxed, and the profits      of the ships which were shared and later on, the military levy of      armed men. It eventually became a position of privilege, even a      hereditary one. A duke was a hearer of disputes like a local judge and      it has already been mentioned that a king was an elected short-term      commander.   973-1021 Sovereign Countess Adela van Hamaland (The Netherlands) Oldest daughter of the rich and powerful count Wichman II van      Hamaland (Achterhoek), who ruled (952-973) and first married to Immed      (d. circa 983), who was either a Count or Noble from Utrecht, with whom      she had 5 children. After his death she continued to rule and made      coins in her own name - it is not clear if she did it in the function      as regent for her son Dirk. Her father had granted much of the family      possessions to the Women's Chapter of Elten, where her oldest sister      Liutgard became the first Abbess.. In 973 the Emperor made it an Abbey      of the Realm, just as Quedlinburg, Essen en Gandersheim and it was      placed directly under the protection of the Emperor and it was granted      immunity from the jurisdiction of the count and local potentates. But      Adela was determined to make sure that her part of the inheritance did      not also fall into the hand of the church and she engaged in a fight      with her sister and after her death around 995 with the Chapter. Her marriage to Balderik (d. 1021) had the purpose of getting back the      part of her inheritance that had fallen to the Abbey. And in 996 it      did come to the redistribution of a large number of lands. But she was      not content. Just after the death of Otto III she and Balderik      occupied the territory of Elten for the second time, but had to leave      it on the command of Emperor Henrik II. She was blamed for the murder      of Wichman van Vreden; one of their most important opponents, her      husband escaped and her castle was put under siege. She was allowed to      escape with her possessions before it was set on fire. She lived (circa      952 ï¿½after 1021)   987-1003 Regent   Dowager Countess Rozala-Suzanna d'Ivera of      Flanderes/Vlaanderen (Belgium) Her      first husband was Roy Robert II de Cabet, and the second Arnulf van      Vlaanderen (Flanders). Regent for son Boudewijn IV. She lived (circa 955-1003).   Until circa 992 Sovereign Countess Mathilde of Chiny (Belgium) Until his death in 982, she ruled jointly with Arnold I Lahngau and      971-1013 with Otto I de Warcq.   993-1005 Regent   Dowager Countess Liudgard von Luxembourg of      Holland and Westfriesland (The Netherlands) Widow of Arnulf and in charge of the regency for son Dirk III. She      wad daughter of Siegfried of Luxembourg and Hadwig, sister of Empress      Kunigunde. She lived


In astronomy, what is the next letter in the sequence O, B, A, F, G, K

AST 101: The Great Mnemonic Contest Anyone enrolled in AST 101 may enter. You may enter as often as you like. Anonymous entries will be accepted, but cannot be awarded any prizes. Entries must be in English. Entries deemed obscene, racist, or in extremely poor taste will be   disqualified. Entries are due, either on paper or by e-mail ,   no later than 5:00 PM on Friday March 15. Entries may be delivered to your instructor or to your TA. All decisions are final. The winning entries will be announced in class on Friday, March 29. The   winning author(s) will be awarded worthless, but tasteful, prizes. The 2013 OBAFGKM Entries Oscar Be A Friend Go Kiss Maria O 'hes Being A Fruitcake, Gonna Knockout Mister Larry Thomas Yaittes Oven Bake And Fire Grill Kepler Meat Only Boring Astronomers Fight Green Killer Martians. Oh Boy! A Furious Goat kicked Mule. Only Because Astronomers Fail Greatly Knowing Many Luminous Types, Yo Offensive Bears Attack! Fearsome Growls! Killing Many Lively Terrestrial Youth! Omniscient Babies Are Far Guiltier, Knowing Mom Loves to Yodel. Overconfidently Bruised Anarchists Followed Gentle Knights Minus Lonesome Turnips Yesterday. Only Brilliant Astronomers Fix Grave Kepler Mistakes Observable Bright Apparent Formed Giants Keep Magnitude Only Bob Ate Fresh Gummy Karate Monkeys Old Bears Are Fighting Great King Marcus Over Bridges Are Floating gorillas kissing Maidens Old Bald and Fat Guys Kiss More Laddies Than You Other 2013 Entries Man! Various Enemies Made Jaguars Super Undefeatable Now! Many Vegetarians Eat Meat, Just to Stop Under- Nourishment! Manly Vacations Exclude Mailing Junipers South, Upsetting Northerners. My Very Exclusive Mother Just Said the Usually No Rakish Obliging Youthes Guarded Big Icarus Violently. Rich Obedient Yuppies Gored Bruised Irishmen Vastly. Rudely Oily Yummy Goblins Briefed Itchy Vader. Really? Only You Get Broke In Vegas Great Xavier Usually Vacations In Sunny Resorts Good, X Usually Verifies Its Situated Right-here Golden Xylophonic Usher Validated Inexpensive Socrates Reassuringly. Gleefully Xanthic Ultimate Vamps Impaled Shaggy R2-d2. Gentle Xenophobic User Vilified Icy Supergirl Restfully. Gentle Xylophones Underestimated Opera Including Sleepy Robocop. The 2013 Winners Astronomer's Award: Only Brilliant Astronomers Fix Grave Kepler Mistakes Whittney Silva Cannibal Award: Oven Bake And Fire Grill Kepler Meat Linghua Xu Why we do this Award: Only Boring Astronomers Fight Green Killer Martians. Glenn Thompson Personal Vendetta Award: O 'hes Being A Fruitcake, Gonna Knockout Mister Larry Thomas Yaittes Kevin Lyon Dick Cheney Warmongerer Award: Offensive Bears Attack! Fearsome Growls! Killing Many Lively Terrestrial Youth! Amjed Ka-e Most Interesting Fantasy Award: Over Bridges Are Floating gorillas kissing Maidens Megan Donnelly The Supreme Court Rebuttal Award: Old Bald and Fat Guys Kiss More Laddies Than You Alessandra Vittorini Grand Prize: Oscar Be A Friend Go Kiss Maria Daniel Buchholz Grand Prize in the Roy G. Biv category: Really? Only You Get Broke In Vegas Dylan Slocki