Who is the next in this series: Laue (1914), W. L. Bragg / W. H. Bragg (1915), Barkla (1917), Planck (1918), Stark (1919), Guillaume (1920) ... ?

Max_Planck Max_Planck Max Planck This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007) Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck Born October 4 1947 (aged 89) Göttingen, Germany Nobel Prize in Physics (1918) He is the father of Erwin Planck. Quantum mechanics Everett · Penrose · Others This box: view • talk • edit Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23 1858 in Kiel, Germany – October 4, 1947 in Göttingen, Germany) was a German physicist. He is considered to be the founder of quantum theory, and therefore one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. Contents 7.2 Articles Life and work Planck came from a traditional, intellectual family. His paternal great-grandfather and grandfather were both theology professors in Göttingen, his father was a law professor in Kiel and Munich, and his paternal uncle was a judge. Planck was born in Kiel to Johann Julius Wilhelm Planck and his second wife, Emma Patzig. He was the sixth child in the family, though two of his siblings were from his father's first marriage. Among his earliest memories was the marching of Prussian and Austrian troops into Kiel during the Danish-Prussian war 1864. In 1867 the family moved to Munich, and Planck enrolled in the Maximilians gymnasium, where he came under the tutelage of Hermann Müller, a mathematician who took an interest in the youth, and taught him astronomy and mechanics as well as mathematics. It was from Müller that Planck first learned the principle of conservation of energy. Planck graduated early, at age 16. This is how Planck first came in contact with the field of physics. Planck was extremely gifted when it came to music: he took singing lessons and played the piano, organ and cello, and composed songs and operas. However, instead of music he chose to study physics. Munich physics professor Philipp von Jolly advised him against going into physics, saying, "in this field, almost everything is already discovered, and all that remains is to fill a few holes." Planck replied that he did not wish to discover new things, only to understand the known fundamentals of the field, and began his studies in 1874 at the University of Munich. Under Jolly's supervision, Planck performed the only experiments of his scientific career, studying the diffusion of hydrogen through heated platinum , but soon transferred to theoretical physics. In 1877 he went to Berlin for a year of study with the famous physicists Hermann von Helmholtz and Gustav Kirchhoff and the mathematician Karl Weierstrass. He wrote that Helmholtz was never quite prepared, spoke slowly, miscalculated endlessly, and bored his listeners, while Kirchhoff spoke in carefully prepared lectures, which were, however, dry and monotonous. Despite this he soon became close friends with Helmholtz. While there he undertook a program of mostly self-study of Clausius's writings, which led him to choose heat theory as his field. In October 1878 Planck passed his qualifying exams and in February 1879 defended his dissertation, Über den zweiten Hauptsatz der mechanischen Wärmetheorie (On the second fundamental theorem of the mechanical theory of heat ). He briefly taught mathematics and physics at his former school in Munich. In June 1880 he presented his habilitation thesis, Gleichgewichtszustände isotroper Körper in verschiedenen Temperaturen (Equilibrium states of isotropic bodies at different temperatures). Academic career With the completion of his habilitation thesis, Planck became an unpaid private lecturer in Munich, waiting until he was offered an academic position. Although he was initially ignored by the academic community, he furthered his work on the field of heat theory and discovered one after the other the same thermodynamical formalism as Gibbs without realizing it. Clausius's ideas on entropy occupied a central role in his work. In April 1885 the University of Kiel appointed Planck an associate professor of theoretical physics. Further w


"What, according to John Lennon, ""is just what happens to you, while you're busy making other plans""?"

John Lennon - Wikiquote John Lennon All we are saying is give peace a chance Nothing really affected me until I heard Elvis . If there hadn't been an Elvis, there wouldn't have been the Beatles . John Ono Lennon ( 9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980 ), born John Winston Lennon, was a singer , songwriter, guitarist, political activist, humorist , painter, writer and founding member of The Beatles . He was married to Yoko Ono . Contents Quotes[ edit ] We're more popular than Jesus now…Jesus was all right, but his disciples were thick and ordinary. You are what you are. Get out there and get peace . Think peace, live peace, and breathe peace and you'll get it as soon as you like. File:Laurel Hardy dancing2.gif I think our opposition, whoever they may be, in all their manifest forms, don't know how to handle humor … we stand a better chance under that guise, because all the serious people, like Martin Luther King , and Kennedy , and Gandhi , got shot. We're trying to sell peace , like a product, you know, and sell it like people sell soap or soft drinks. And it's the only way to get people aware that peace is possible, and it isn't just inevitable to have violence . You feel alone if you're the only one thinking 'wouldn't it be nice if there was peace and nobody was getting killed .' So advertise yourself that you're for peace if you believe in it. We announce the birth of a conceptual country, NUTOPIA. Citizenship of the country can be obtained by declaration of your awareness of NUTOPIA. NUTOPIA has no land, no boundaries, no passports, only people . NUTOPIA has no laws other than cosmic . The thing the sixties did was to show us the possibilities and the responsibility that we all had. It wasn't the answer. It just gave us a glimpse of the possibility. I really thought that love would save us all . Reality leaves a lot to the imagination . For our last number, I'd like to ask your help. Would the people in the cheaper seats clap your hands. And the rest of you, if you'll just rattle your jewelry. Royal Variety Performance in London (4 November 1963) attended by Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, and Princess Margaret. Of this incident Mark Hertsgaard reports in A Day in the Life: The Music and Artistry of the Beatles (1995): "The remark provoked warm laughter and applause, and was greeted with profound relief by Beatles manager Brian Epstein , who had feared Lennon would make good on his pre-performance threat to tell them to "rattle their fuckin' jewelry." No — we need money first. When asked if they wouldn't sing because they couldn't, in a press conference at John F. Kennedy Airport (7 February 1964) There's only one person in the United States we ever wanted to meet … not that he wanted us. And we met him last night. We can't tell you how we felt. We just idolised him so much. … You can't imagine what a thrill that was last night. Nothing really affected me until I heard Elvis . If there hadn't been an Elvis, there wouldn't have been the Beatles. Statement (28 August 1965) after meeting Elvis Presley , as quoted in The Leading Men of MGM (2005) by Jane Ellen Wayne, p. 386; also partly quoted in The Beatles: The Authorized Biography (1968) by Hunter Davies, p. 19 It was a load of rubbish. It was like meeting Engelbert Humperdinck . Later comments on meeting Elvis , as quoted in The Beatles: The Biography (2005) by Bob Spitz, p. 583. "One cave she wolf go too farther, and I wolf leaf her" he said to his fave rave horse. Of course the horse didn't answer, because as you know they cannot speak, least of all to a garlic eating, stinking, little yellow greasy fascist bastard catholic Spaniard. They soon made it up howevans and Jesus and wee Spastic were once morphia unitely in a love that knew no Suzie. The only thing that puzzled Jesus was why his sugarboot got so annoyed when he called her his little Spastic in public. "A Spaniard In The Works" from A Spaniard In The Works (1965); this has sometimes been misquoted as if Lennon were speaking specifically about Jesus Christ , when in fact, it is part of the odd narration of an


What is the name for the chemical signals that trigger a natural response in another member of the same species that affect behaviour or physiology?

What Are Pheromones? Do Humans Have Pheromones? - Medical News Today What Are Pheromones? Do Humans Have Pheromones? Written by Christian Nordqvist 3.5 12 A pheromone is a chemical an animal produces which changes the behavior of another animal of the same species (animals include insects). Some describe pheromones as behavior-altering agents. Many people do not know that pheromones trigger other behaviors in the animal of the same species, apart from sexual behavior. Pheromones, unlike most other hormones are ectohormones - they act outside the body of the individual that is secreting them - they impact a behavior on another individual. Hormones usually only affect the individual that is secreting them. This article will take a brief look at pheromones and whether they can be found in humans. Fast facts on pheromones Here are some key points about pheromones. More detail and supporting information is in the main article. Pheromones are similar to hormones but work outside of the body Pheromones induce activity in other individuals, such as sexual arousal The McClintock effect refers to women's menstrual cycles combining, perhaps in response to pheromones Some chemicals have been investigated for pheromone actions in humans but evidence is weak Virtually all insects use pheromones to communicate Most alleged pheromone products that can be purchased online are ineffective Gustav Jäger was the first to propose the idea of pheromones - he called them anthropines There are four types of pheromone: releaser, primer, signaler and modulator. What do pheromones do? Pheromones are widely utilized throughout the animal population. Pheromones can be secreted to trigger many types of behaviors, including: Alarm To bond (mother-baby) To back off. It is believed that the first pheromone was identified in 1953. Bombykol is secreted by female moths and is designed to attract males. The pheromone signal can travel enormous distances, even at low concentrations. Experts say that the pheromone system of insects is much easier to understand than that of mammals, which do not have simple stereotyped insect behavior. It is believed that mammals detect pheromones through an organ in the nose called the VNO (Vomeronasal Organ), or Jacobson's organ, and connects to the hypothalamus in the brain. The VNO in humans consists of just pits that probably do not do anything; interestingly the VNO is clearly present in the fetus but atrophies before birth. If humans do respond to hormones, most likely they use their normal olfactory system. Pheromones are commonly used in insect control. They can be used as bait to attract males into a trap, prevent them from mating, or to disorient them. Do humans have pheromones? According to thousands of websites that promise sexual conquests if you buy their pills, human pheromones exist - bear in mind that their aim is to get you to buy their products. However, most proper, well-controlled scientific studies have failed to show any compelling evidence. Some believe that androstenone acts as a human pheromone. Gustav Jäger (1832-1917), a German doctor and hygienist is thought to be the first scientist to put forward the idea of human pheromones. He called them anthropines and said that they were lipophilic compounds associated with skin and follicles that mark the individual signature of human odors. Lipophilic compounds are those that tend to combine with, or are capable of dissolving in lipids. Researchers at the University of Chicago claimed that they managed to link the synchronization of women's menstrual cycles to unconscious odor cues. The head researcher was called Martha McClintock, hence the coined term "the McClintock effect." When exposing a group of women to a whiff of sweat from other women, their menstrual cycles either accelerated or slowed down, depending on when during the menstrual cycle the sweat was collected - before, during or after ovulation . The scientists said that the pheromone collected before ovulation shortened the ovarian cycle, while the pheromone collected during ovulation lengthen


"Which 20th century Irish playwright wrote ""Juno and the Paycock"", ""The Plough and the Stars"", ""Silver Tassie"" and ""Within the Gates""?"

Sean O’Casey’s Juno and the Paycock in New York City - World Socialist Web Site World Socialist Web Site Published by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI)   Sean O’Casey’s Juno and the Paycock in New York City By   David Walsh 2 December 2013 At the Irish Repertory Theatre, New York City, through December 29 A conscientious and compelling production of Sean O’Casey’s Juno and the Paycock is currently running at the Irish Repertory Theatre in New York City. The play, first performed at the famed Abbey Theatre in Dublin in May 1924, is set in 1922 during the Irish Civil War. Juno and the Paycock [Photo: James Higgins] That bitter 11-month conflict, which resulted in thousands of deaths, was fought between elements that accepted the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921), which created the Irish Free State as a partitioned dominion (six northeastern counties remaining part of the United Kingdom) within the British Commonwealth and with the British monarch remaining the head of state, and those who considered the agreement a betrayal of Republicanism. O’Casey’s Juno is the second in a trilogy of plays, which also includes The Shadow of a Gunman (1923) and The Plough and the Stars (1926). All three pieces treat the character and consequences of Ireland’s upheavals from 1916-1922 and they stand collectively as one of the most remarkable bodies of social-dramatic work in the 20th century. In Juno and the Paycock, for the Boyle family of Dublin beset by poverty and sustained mostly by illusions and vain hopes, life is a continuous and largely losing struggle. The Boyles live in a crowded tenement—and the Irish capital (a city of more than 400,000) had some of the most wretched slums in Europe. Juno and the Paycock [Photo: James Higgins] Indeed, the infant mortality rate in Ireland at the time among the poverty-stricken was 142 per 1,000 live births. A 1912 report claimed that tuberculosis-related deaths in Ireland, also mostly among the poor, were fifty percent higher than in Scotland and England. In a February 1916 speech, Irish socialist and trade union leader James Connolly noted that Dublin’s slums were “notorious the world over for their disease-breeding unhealthy character. All the world over it is known that the poor of Dublin are housed under conditions worse than those of any civilised people on God’s earth.” “Captain” Jack Boyle (Ciarán O’Reilly), a man of about sixty, is the “paycock” (peacock) of the play’s title (which refers ironically to Aesop’s fable about a discontented peacock and the queen of the Roman deities and consort of Jupiter). Like much about him, Boyle’s sea captaincy is a mix of self-delusion and dishonesty. O’Casey, in his stage directions, describes the Captain’s walk as “a slow, consequential strut.” Early in the play, his wife Juno (J. Smith-Cameron), a woman of 45, points out acidly that he has only once been “on the water,” in a ship carrying coal between Dublin and Liverpool, a distance of 135 miles. O’Casey notes in his directions that Juno’s face “has assumed that look of the working-class, a look of listless monotony and harassed anxiety, blending with an expression of mechanical resistance.” While Juno holds down a job and keeps the family financially afloat, the unemployed Captain spends much of his time in the company of Joxer Daly (John Keating), a sponger obsequious toward whomever he thinks has the price of a drink or a meal. Juno and the Paycock [Photo: James Higgins] Mary Boyle (Mary Mallen) is an attractive young woman of 22. She’s also employed, but currently on strike, much to her mother’s displeasure, as the result of a fellow worker’s victimization. When Mary asserts that “a principle’s a principle,” Juno asks rhetorically what will happen when she tries to obtain more credit from a shopkeeper: “What’ll he say when I tell him a principle’s a principle?” Juno and the Paycock [Photo: James Higgins] Mary’s slightly younger brother Johnny (Ed Malone) is a victim of the years of violence in Ireland since the failed 1916 Easter Rebellion against British rule,


What is the best known work of Danish-Icelandic sculptor Edvard Eriksen, which he completed in 1913, that sits on a rock in the Copenhagen harbour at Langelinie?

Edvard Eriksen - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia I am Smart, Intelligent and Hard Working who Loves to help :) Edvard Eriksen Spouse  Eline Eriksen (m. 1900) Role  Sculptor Born  10 March 1876 (1876-03-10) Copenhagen, Denmark Resting place  Vestre Cemetery, Copenhagen 55°39′28″N 12°31′45″E / 55.65778°N 12.52917°E / 55.65778; 12.52917 Notable work  The Little Mermaid statue, Langelinie, Copenhagen Died  January 12, 1959, Copenhagen, Denmark Education  Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Edvard Eriksen (10 March 1876 – 12 January 1959) was a Danish–Icelandic sculptor. He is best known as the creator of the Little Mermaid statue in Copenhagen 1909–13. Biography He apprenticed as a wood carver, after which he trained at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts between 1894 and 1899. After marrying Eline Vilhelmine Moller in 1900, they had five children. Among his other works are the allegorical statues "Grief, Memory and Love" made in 1908 in marble for the sarcophagus of Christian IX and Queen Louise in Roskilde Cathedral. Edvard Eriksen taught at the Royal Academy between 1908–19 and was a conservator at Thorvaldsen Museum 1930–53. He travelled around Italy with his family learning to carve in marble and was made an honorary professor at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Carrara and was created a knight in the Order of the Dannebrog in 1932.


What word was used by poets and nineteenth-century Irish nationalists in English as a romantic name for Ireland, that is the name sometimes given to the female personification of Ireland?

Name Erin - The Meaning Of The Name The Meaning Of The Name Toggle navigation Name: Erin Gender: Female Usage: Erin, of Scottish-Gaelic origin, is a very popular first name. It is more often used as a girl (female) name. People having the name Erin are in general originating from Australia, France, Ireland, United Kingdom, United States of America. Peace Ireland Please feel free to read what others say about this name and to share your comments if you have more information. N.B. Sometimes it happens that another name has the same meaning. There is nothing surprising in this: both names have the same origin or the same numbers of numerology. To test the compatibility of this name with another, enter a name and click The Growth number corresponding to this first name is 1. Interpretation: Learn more with our free Numerology Tool Popularity of the Name The name Erin is ranked on the 197th position of the most used names. It means that this name is very frequently used. We estimate that there are at least 2911200 persons in the world having this name which is around 0.04% of the population. The name Erin has four characters. It means that it is relatively short-length, compared to the other names in our database. The graph below represents the number of people who were given the name Erin for each year since 1900 in the U.S.A.: We do not have a name day for Erin. For other names check our Name Day Calendar History and Origin Erin is a Hiberno-English derivative of the Irish word "Éirinn". "Éirinn" is the dative case of the Irish word for Ireland - "Éire", genitive "Éireann". The dative form is the one usually used in spoken Irish where the written language would require the nominative "Éire". Poets and nineteenth-century Irish nationalists used Erin in English as a romantic name for Ireland. In this context, along with Hibernia, Erin is the name given to the female personification of Ireland, but the name was rarely used as a given name, probably due to the fact that no saints, queens, or literary figures were ever called Erin. According to Irish mythology and folklore, the name was originally given to the island by the Milesians after the goddess Ériu. Erin go bragh ("Éirinn go brách" in standard orthography), a slogan dating from the 1798 revolution, is often translated as "Ireland forever". The etymology of the word as it drifted throughout the Gaelic region gave rise to its use by the early Scots to both mean Ireland and "west" - as Ireland lies to the west of Scotland. English and Irish: from Gaelic Éirinn, dative case of Éire Ireland. Erin has been used as a poetic name for Ireland for centuries, and in recent years this has become a very popular given name. It has enjoyed particular popularity in the United States, even among people with no Irish ancestry. The section "History and Origin" of this page contains content from the copyrighted Wikipedia article " Erin "; that content is used under the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) . You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the GFDL.


Who was the last of these to win an Oscar?

Oscars fast facts Home » fastfacts » Oscars fast facts Oscars fast facts The shortest Oscar ceremony ever was the first, held in 1929; it lasted only about 15 minutes as all the winners had been announced three months earlier. The longest Oscar awards ceremony was in 2000, running for 4 hours and 16 minutes – beating a previous record by 16 minutes. Bob Hope has hosted the Oscars 18 times; Billy Crystal is in second place with 8 times. Tom Hanks is the youngest recipient of the Academy’s Lifetime Achievement Award, which he received in 2002 at age 45. Kate Winslet received four Oscar nominations before reaching the age of 30. Elizabeth Taylor received four Oscar nominations before reaching the age of 28. Gone with the Wind, at 3 hours and 56 minutes, was the longest film to have won a Best Picture Oscar; it was also the first film in color to win Best Picture. The 1968 movie, War and Peace, was the longest film (431 minutes) to an Academy Award – for best Foreign picture. Julia Phillips was the first female producer to win Best Picture award, for The Sting (1973). The first female to win the Best Director award was Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker (2008). Henry Fonda was first nominated for a Best Actor Oscar in 1941 for his role in The Grapes of Wrath but had to wait 41 years before he finally achieved a win in 1982 for his role in On Golden Pond. At 76, he is the oldest actor yet to have received the Best Actor award. The oldest actress to win an Oscar is Jessica Tandy – at 81 she won the Best Actress Oscar in 1990 for her performance in Driving Miss Daisy. Anthony Quinn’s performance as painter Paul Gaugin in Lust for Life (1956) is the shortest ever to win a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award, his second Oscar. He was on screen for only 8 minutes. (He won a similar award in 1952 playing opposite Marlon Brando in Elia Kazan’s Viva Zapata!) The shortest-ever winning performance for Best Supporting Actress belongs to Beatrice Straight, who won an Oscar in 1976 for her 5 minutes 40 seconds appearance as devastated wife Louise Schumacher in Network. Dame Judi Dench won an Oscar in 1998 for less than 8 minutes of screen time playing Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love. The shortest-ever Best Actor Oscar-winning performance was awarded to David Niven in 1958, having appeared for only 15 minutes and 38 seconds in Separate Tables. The second-shortest winning appearance was made by Anthony Hopkins in 1992, for less than 16 minutes of screen time as Dr Hannibal “The Cannibal” Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs. In 1948, Jane Wyman won Best Actress award without uttering a word; she played the role of a deaf -mute person in the movie Johnny Belinda. The fewest lines actually spoken by an Oscar-winning actress won Patty Duke a Best Actress in a Supporting Role portraying the deaf and blind Helen Keller in the 1962 film The Miracle Worker. In the role she speaks only one word in the last scene: “Wah-wah” (for “water”). In 1993, Holly Hunter won a Best Actress Oscar for her role as a deaf person in the movie The Piano but she narrated a few scenes and does speak (although her face is covered) in the last scene of the film. The films with the most Oscar wins are Ben-Hur, Titanic and Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, each winning 11 Oscars from 12, 14 and 11 nominations respectively. See more in the  lists of Oscar winners . In total, the Middle-earth series (The Lord of the Rings – The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003) – and the The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey) won 17 Oscars out of 33 nominations. William Wyler has directed more actors to Academy Award success than any other, with 34 nominations and 14 wins. Jack Nicholson leads the Best Actor Academy Award category with wins from 11 nominations, followed by Laurence Olivier, nominated 10 times and receiving one Best Actor award, and then Spencer Tracy with nine nominations resulting in two awards. Daniel Day-Lewis has won the most Best Actor awards, with 3 awards (1989, 2007, 2012). Meryl Streep had more Best


Rugby union was included in 4 Olympic Games between 1900 and 1924. Which team won the most gold medals for it in that period?

Rugby Football History All Blacks Barbarians Canada British & Irish Lions Ireland Scotland Springboks USA Wales Wallabies Introduction The olympics was resurrected in modern times by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a French educator. He formed the international Olympic committee (IOC) in 1894 and introduced rugby to the second games in 1900. De Coubertin admired the ethos of Rugby Football, its moral values as well as the physical and mental skills required to play it. His biographers mention boxing, fencing, rowing and horse-riding as his main sporting interests. They however failed to underline his active interest in Rugby Football, reflected in a famous essay called' Notes about Foot-ball', which he wrote in 1896: “What is admirable in football (rugby), is the perpetual mix of individualism and discipline, the necessity for each man to think, anticipate, take a decision and at the same time subordinate one’s reasoning, thoughts and decisions to those of the captain. And even the referee’s whistle stopping a player for a ‘fault’ one team mate has made and he hasn’t seen, tests his character and patience. For all that, football is truly the reflection of life, a lesson experimenting in the real world, a first-rate educational tool.” - Baron Pierre de Coubertin The Baron was 25 when he visited Rugby School for the first time in 1888. The visit was part of a wider tour of English public schools and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge to learn from the revolutionary Victorians who put sport at the heart of education. His research from the playing fields of England was compiled in LÉducation en Angleterre (1888), in which he noted how “organised sport can create moral and social strength”. By the time he visited Rugby School de Coubertin had already read both the works of Thomas Arnold, Rugby’s great headmaster and educationalist, and Thomas Hughes’ novel, Tom Brown’s Schooldays.  Arnold's essays and the fortunes of young Tom Brown made a great impression on the young French aristocrat, in search of educational models for his country, traumatised by defeat in the French-Prussian war. Lord Coe unveiled a plaque at Rugby School in May 2009 commemorating its legendary  Head Master, Thomas Arnold, as an important inspiration behind Baron Pierre de  Coubertin, the Frenchman who established the modern Olympic Games in Athens in  1896. Also shown:Patrick Derham - Headmaster and chair of governors Micheal Fowl. Picture credit: Rugby School De Coubertin, an educationalist like his  hero, was deeply impressed by the athleticism and sportsmanship at Rugby and  other British public schools he visited during the 1880s. De Coubertin wrote: “Thomas Arnold, the leader and classic model of English educators, gave the precise role of athletics in education.” Arnold was “one of the founders of athletic chivalry.” Recalling the often difficult journey to his Olympic dream, de Coubertin wrote: “it was to Arnold that we turned, more or less consciously, for inspiration.” After his return from his first visit to England, de Coubertin became an active promoter of physical education in general and Rugby Football in particular, which he managed to introduce into several school establishments in Paris, securing the long term future of the Game in the country and as one of the founders of the game in France, he set up the first French schools championship in 1890. He went on playing with his friends in Bois de Boulogne and although there is no information about his Rugby prowess, his knowledge of the Game was well respected by his peers, who elected him to referee the 1892 match between Stade Française and Racing Club de France – now regarded as the inaugural French championship. In April of that year, he was instrumental in bringing Rosslyn Park FC to Paris, to play Stade Français. This was the first time an English Club had played in continental Europe. The French educationalist became one of France's leading promoters of sport in general and Rugby in particular, and as such he played a significant role in the formatio


The second longest river in China, the Yellow River, is known locally as what?

Yellow River - Mother River of China with Length and History Info Yellow River Home / Yellow River / Yellow River Yellow River Known as the mother river by all the Chinese people, the 5,464-kilometer (about 3,395 miles) Yellow River is the second longest in China after the Yangtze River . The headwaters of this mighty river lie in Kunlun Mountains in northwestern Qinghai Province. It runs through nine provinces and autonomous regions on its way to the Bohai Sea. It is not exaggerating to say that this river is a melting port, because there are more than 30 branches and countless streams feeding it through its course. The vigorous upper reaches of the river starts in Qinghai Province to Hekouzhen in Inner Mongolia. This magnificent river flows quietly, like a shy girl in this section, irrigating the farmlands and nurturing the people. Its middle reaches ends at Taohuayu in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. Here the river splits the Loess Plateau in half, forming the longest continuous gorge in the whole drainage area of the river. The lower reaches ends in a delta on the Bohai Sea. It is agreed upon by almost all the Chinese people that the Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese civilization, the spiritual home of the Chinese people. It is the waters of the river and its spirit that nurture the whole Chinese nation. For thousands of years, this river has been admiring by literary giants, artists, as well as by the common people. The Yellow River is not just several letters, nor is it just the name of a yellow-ochre-colored river. It bears special significance: the symbol of the Chinese nation, the spirit of the Chinese people and more importantly, civilization itself. Neolithic (7,000 BC-3,700 BC), Bronze (3,700 BC-2,700 BC) and Iron Age Sites (770 BC), and so on can be found in the Yellow River's drainage basin, which had been the center of ancient Chinese culture since the Azilian (Middle Stone Age). Here, the story of three cultural heroes: Suiren-shi who taught the Chinese to make fire by drilling wood, Fu Hsi who was the inventor of hunting, trapping and fishing and Shennong-shi who invented agriculture, was spread. It was these three legendary individuals that began the development of civilization in the Yellow River basin. After that, many ancient Chinese emperors, like Emperor Qin Shi Huang , Genghis khan (1162-1227, grandfather of Kublai Khan who is the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)) pushed the Yellow River civilization to a wholly new level of refinement, grace and spirituality which drew the attention of the whole world. Rich cultural relics, history and gorgeous natural sceneries make the Yellow River a fine place to visit. Along the river, there are dozens of worthwhile attractions. They are stretching arms and waiting for your visiting!


The British Royal Mint that was established in the Tower of London in 1279 and moved to an adjacent site on Tower Hill in 1809 is now situated where?

History of Famous British Engineers, Buildings and inventions :: Britarticles Introduction > History of Famous British Engineers, Buildings and inventions History of Famous British Engineers, Buildings and inventions 28/09/2012 12:06 Please click on above underlined link and then scroll down page for articles   England is one of the oldest European countries ( over 1000 years old ) and London itself was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. As I have many generations going back to the 7th. century England I thought it would be of interest to write about England's famous people and events.         Contents The longitude's Marine Chronometer by John Harrison (24 March 1693 – 24 March 1776) Famous Victorian London Engineer Joseph Bazalgette Sir Christopher Wren – London Icon The Crystal Palace Exhibition – London 1851 The London Hackney Carrieage and Hansom Cab – History from 1625 London Routemaster Buses – History England's House of Parliament - It's History London Underground – The World's First Underground Railway The British Invention - Cheques and Their History  History of Stocks and Shares London from 1688 to Present London Bridges and Other Thames Crossings – History List of British Royal Societies The Royal Mint – Its English 1,100 years of History Invention of The 17th Century Corkscrew – England Tower of London – London Icon Tower Bridge – London Icon The History of Television - England 1924 British Broadcasting Corporation – BBC History The Freemasons – It's English Origins and History Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee Inventor of The World Wide Web  Famous British Engineers – History Sir George Cayley, 6th Baronet - The World’s First First Flight - 1849   The Spitfire – A British Icon The First VTOL Harrier Jump Jet – A British Icon 1941 Concorde – A British Icon Sir Isaac Newton – Iconic Scientist – Scientist, Alchemist and Ghost Hunter Charles Darwin 1809 – 1882 Edward Somerset – English Inventor of The First Steam Engine 1653 The First Steam Locomotive – England 1804 Smithfield Market – London Icon Dr. John Dee An English 16th. Century Alchemist and Ghost Hunter My Invention – The Unique Virtual Newspaper Whitefriars Glass – 17th Century History Windsor Castle – It's Royal Hauntings Cats Eyes for the Roads– Invented by Percy Shaw 1933 Sir Alexander Fleming – Discoverer of Penicillin History of The Tank – An England Icon Jigsaw Puzzles – An English Iconic Game Stainless Steel – It's English Discovery 1912 The Globe Theatre – London Icon Robert Thompson – “The Mouseman” Furniture Make Hawk-Eye The Electronic Referee History of the RNLI – Royal National Lifeboat Institution – 1824 History of Her Majesty's Coastguard – UK 1809 History of The Poppy Appeal – British Iconic Charity Josiah Wedgewood (1730-1795) – Potter, Designer and Industrialist History of World's First Double Yellow Lines - England 1958 History of Zebra Crossings England 1949 Oldest English Brewery and The First Registered Trademark Cambridge University – History 1209 AD Oxford University – History from 1096 AD The Greenwich Prime Meridian The Press Gang and Its English History  History Of  English and British Astronomer Royal's The Neck Tie and It's History The Morgan Motor Company - The Oldest Continuusly Manufactured Car Maker Thomas Telford Victorian Engineer 1757 to 1834 Thomas Chippendale 1718 - 1779 Designer and Cabinet Maker The Great and Good of Britain Buried at Westminster Abbey Dr. John Snow 1813 to 1858 who found the Source of Cholera Samuel Johnson 1709 to 1784 an English icon Inventor of the Pea Whistle by Englishman Joseph Hudson ( 1848-1930 ) History of English Music Hall and Variety Theatre History of English Theatres The Union Jack – Iconic British Flag History of The Passport – England 1414 AD Jonas Hanway (1712-1786) Pioneer of Umbrella English Toby Jugs – History The First Powered Passenger Car and Bus – England 1801 My Favourite British Iconic Cars History of The Hovercraft The World's First Electric House – England 1878 Sir JOSEPH WILSON SWAN – Inventor of Light Bulb - England 1878 Sir Francis Walsingham – Spymaster to Queen Elizabeth


Which country, which is surrounded by South Africa, gained its independence from Britain in 1966?

Lesotho Profile | African Countries | African Country Profiles | Royal African Society Home › All Africa › Lesotho Lesotho Located in Southern Africa and surrounded by its large neighbour South Africa, Lesotho is a small country covering an area of 30,000 sq km (18,750 sq miles). With a population of just over two million, the country is known for its impressive mountain regions. King Moshoeshoe I, often referred to as the father of the Basotho nation, is buried in the Maluti Hills at his Thaba Bosiu stronghold. It is from there that he strategised and successfully defended his nation against advancing African and European invaders for most of the 19th century. In 1868, he allied himself with the British in a bid to stave off the less favourable Boers. In 1871, his nation was annexed to the British Cape Colony. Having British Protectorate status prevented Basutoland from being swallowed up into the new Republic of South Africa. Basutoland gained its own independence from Britain in 1966 and changed its name to Lesotho. Since then, it has endured significant political instability. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the country's economy is heavily-reliant on South Africa’s and regional trade bodies such as the Southern African Customs Unions (SACU). Textile manufacturing, which plays an important role within the economy, has come under considerable pressure from cheap Chinese imports. The capital Maseru is located on the country’s northern border.  The Basotho people have lived in Southern Africa since the 15th century although the Basotho nation emerged during the 17th century under the visionary leadership of King Moshoeshoe I. He brought together dispersed tribes of Sotho and Tswana people to form the Basotho kingdom. Moshoeshoe I instilled a sense of identity and unity that inspired his people to defend their kingdom during what was a violent and tumultuous period in Southern Africa’s history. Its rich cultural history remains a great source of pride to many Basotho today. Lesotho’s post-independence political era has been a combination of tricky politically-expedient alliances and counter-alliances between the civilian government, the military and the monarch. Following victory in the 1965 elections, the Basotho National Party led by Leabua Jonathan came into office at independence in 1966. During the four year period to 1970, multiparty democracy was practised. In a bid to quell domestic dissent and restrain the machinations against his country by the apartheid regime in South Africa, Jonathan brought Lesotho under one-party authoritarian rule. Multiparty democracy was restored in 1993 after at least two coups and the exiling of the King. Inconclusive elections in 2012 led to the formation of a coalition government. With a life expectancy of just 34 years, the national death rate outnumbers the national birth rate posing great challenges to the country's future. The HIV/AIDS infection rate remains one of the highest in the world. Youth unemployment stood at 45.1% in 2008. According to the African Economic Outlook, economic diversiﬁcation with emphasis on the value chains in agriculture, industry and mining will help mitigate the potential risks from the expiration of the WTO African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) concessions in 2014. Lesotho is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Southern African Customs Unions (SACU), the Common Monetary Area (CMA), the African Union (AU), the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, among others.


"In literature, what is the word for a person, or a group of people who oppose the main character, or the main characters (in simple terms, ""the villain"")?"

Types of Characters in Fiction Types       of Characters in Fiction "What does characterization       do for a story? In a nutshell, it allows us to empathize with the protagonist       and secondary characters, and thus feel that what is happening to these       people in the story is vicariously happening to us; and it also gives       us a sense of verisimilitude, or the semblance of living reality. An       important part of characterization is dialogue, for it is both spoken       and inward dialogue that afford us the opportunity to see into the characters'       hearts and examine their motivations. In the best of stories, it is       actually characterization that moves the story along, because a compelling       character in a difficult situation creates his or her own plot." Karen Bernardo, Characterization       in Literature In fictional literature,       authors use many different types of characters to tell their stories.       Different types of characters fulfill different roles in the narrative       process, and with a little bit of analysis, you can usually detect some or all of the types below. Major or central characters are vital to the development and resolution of the conflict.        In other words, the plot and resolution of conflict revolves around        these characters. Minor characters serve to complement the major characters and help move the plot events        forward. Dynamic - A dynamic character is a person who changes over time, usually        as a result of resolving a central conflict or facing a major crisis.        Most dynamic characters tend to be central rather than peripheral        characters, because resolving the conflict is the major role of central        characters. Static - A static character is someone who does not change over time;        his or her personality does not transform or evolve. Round - A rounded character is anyone who has a complex personality;        he or she is often portrayed as a conflicted and contradictory person. Flat - A flat character is the opposite of a round character. This literary        personality is notable for one kind of personality trait or characteristic. Stock - Stock characters are those types of characters who have become conventional        or stereotypical through repeated use in particular types of stories. Stock characters are instantly recognizable to readers or audience members (e.g. the femme fatale, the cynical but moral private eye, the mad scientist, the geeky boy with glasses, and the faithful sidekick). Stock characters are normally one-dimensional flat characters, but sometimes stock        personalities are deeply conflicted, rounded characters (e.g. the        "Hamlet" type). Protagonist - The protagonist is the central person in a story, and is often referred        to as the story's main character. He or she (or they) is faced with        a conflict that must be resolved. The protagonist may not always be        admirable (e.g. an anti-hero); nevertheless s/he must command involvement        on the part of the reader, or better yet, empathy. Antagonist - The antagonist is the character(s) (or situation) that represents        the opposition against which the protagonist must contend. In other        words, the antagonist is an obstacle that the protagonist must overcome. Anti-Hero - A major character, usually the protagonist, who lacks conventional        nobility of mind, and who struggles for values not deemed universally        admirable. Duddy, in Mordecai Richler's The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, is a classic anti-hero. He's vulgar, manipulative and self-centered. Nevertheless, Duddy is the center of the story, and we are drawn to the challenges he must overcome and the goals he seeks to achieve. Foil - A foil is any character (usually the antagonist or an important supportin


Actor Lloyd Bridges is what relation to actors Beau and Jeff Bridges?

Beau Bridges - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS Actor | Director | Producer Beau Bridges is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges and his wife, who was his college sweetheart, Dorothy Dean Bridges . Born just two days after the attack on Pearl Harbour, he was delivered by candlelight because of a power blackout. Named Lloyd Vernet Bridges III, his parents immediately started calling him Beau after Ashley Wilkes' son in Gone with ... See full bio » Born: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 42 people created 20 May 2012 a list of 36 people created 26 Sep 2013 a list of 23 images created 17 Feb 2014 a list of 35 images created 27 Feb 2015 a list of 29 people created 03 Aug 2015 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Beau Bridges's work have you seen? User Polls Won     2     Golden Globes. Another    9 wins & 38 nominations. See more awards  » Known For Stargate SG-1 Major General Hank Landry / President Hank Landry / The Wizard of Oz (2005-2007)  2017 Mosaic (TV Movie) ( post-production )  2015-2016 Black-ish (TV Series)  2016 Code Black (TV Series) Pete Delaney  2011 Love Bites (TV Series) Hal Sacovitch  2010 The Rockford Files (TV Movie) Rocky  2009 The Closer (TV Series) Detective George Andrews / Georgette  2009 Desperate Housewives (TV Series) Eli Scruggs  2008 Family Practice (TV Movie) William Kinglare  2008 Single with Parents (TV Movie) Joe  2004 Evel Knievel (TV Movie) John Bork  2002 Sightings: Heartland Ghost (TV Movie) Derek  2001 Will & Grace (TV Series) Daniel McFarland  2000 The Christmas Secret (TV Movie) Nick  2000 The Wild Thornberrys (TV Series) Hayden Adams  2000 Common Ground (TV Movie) Father Leon  1996 Hidden in America (TV Movie) Bill Januson  1996 The Uninvited (TV Movie) Charles Johnson  1996 Losing Chase (TV Movie) Mr. Richard Phillips  1995 The Outer Limits (TV Series) Dr. Simon Kress  1994 Million Dollar Babies (TV Mini-Series) Dr. Allan Roy Dafoe  1985 Amazing Stories (TV Series) Theodore 'Teddy' Shearing  1984 The Red-Light Sting (TV Movie) Frank Powell  1982 Dangerous Company (TV Movie) Ray Johnson  1979 The Child Stealer (TV Movie) David Rodman  1978 Stubby Pringle's Christmas (TV Movie) Stubby Pringle  1978 Shimmering Light (TV Movie) Kevin Pearse  1978 The President's Mistress (TV Movie) Ben Morton  1975 Medical Story (TV Movie) Dr. Steve Drucker  1967 The Felony Squad (TV Series) Beau  1967 Cimarron Strip (TV Series) Billy Joe Shaw  1966-1967 The Fugitive (TV Series) Larry Corby / Gary Keller - Stroke of Genius (1966) ... Gary Keller  1967 Bonanza (TV Series)  1966 Vacation Playhouse (TV Series) Brandon Drood - Frank Merriwell (1966) ... Brandon Drood  1966 Gunsmoke (TV Series)  1966 The Loner (TV Series) Johnny Sharp  1965 The F.B.I. (TV Series) Jerry Foley  1965 12 O'Clock High (TV Series) Cpl. Steven Corbett  1963-1965 Mr. Novak (TV Series) Jay Bartlett / Pat Knowland / Mike  1964 Dr. Kildare (TV Series) Bob Colby  1964 The Eleventh Hour (TV Series) Leonard McCarty  1962 Wagon Train (TV Series) Larry Gill  1961 The Real McCoys (TV Series) Randy Cooperton  1961 Zane Grey Theater (TV Series) Cpl. Moss  1960 The Clear Horizon (TV Series) Eddie Tinker (1960-1962)  1997 The Defenders: Payback (TV Movie) (producer) Hide  Soundtrack (1 credit)  1989 The Fabulous Baker Boys (performer: "Ten Cents a Dance", "You're Sixteen (You're Beautiful and You're Mine)") Hide   2015-2016 Home & Family (TV Series) Himself  2015 Hollywood Today Live (TV Series) Himself  2015 Larry King Now (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2014 Tavis Smiley (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2013-2014 The Talk (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2013 Steve Harvey (TV Series) Himself  2007 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) Himself  2007 07 Spaceys (TV Movie) Himself  2007 The UCLA Dynasty (TV Movie documentary) Himself  2006 CMT Giants


Which state of the USA has a Union Jack on its state flag?

flag of Hawaii | United States state flag | Britannica.com United States state flag U.S. state flag consisting of alternating horizontal stripes of white, red, and blue with the Union Jack in the canton. Related Topics flag of Canada In 1793 Captain George Vancouver from Great Britain presented the Union Jack to the conquering king Kamehameha I , who was then uniting the islands into a single state; the Union Jack flew unofficially as the flag of Hawaii until 1816. That year Western advisers to the king recommended the addition of red, white, and blue stripes to the Union Jack, thus creating a distinctive national flag for the country. After a brief British occupation of Hawaii in 1843, King Kamehameha III set the number of stripes on the national flag at eight, corresponding to the major islands. There were also other Hawaiian flags, including a naval ensign, a jack, and a royal standard. American business interests supported the overthrow of the Hawaiian government in January 1893, whereupon they hoisted the Stars and Stripes . Rebuffed in their attempt to secure annexation by the United States, the new leaders proclaimed Hawaii a republic in 1894 under its former national flag. On August 12, 1898, however, Hawaii became a U.S. territory, and 61 years later it was admitted to the Union as the 50th state. The former national flag of the kingdom and the republic was adopted, unchanged, by both the territory and the state. There is no official symbolism for the colours, which were probably influenced by the national symbols of other Pacific island kingdoms as well as by the flags of the foreign powers that first visited Hawaii (the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia , and France ).


Which country was granted its independence from colonial rule on 4 July 1946, after being controlled since 1521 by Spain, Britain, the USA, Japan, and the USA (again)?

History of the Philippines (1898-1946) - Wikipilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia History of the Philippines (1898-1946) From Wikipilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia This article covers the history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946. Contents 3 Original Source American colonial period (1898-1943, 1945-1946) Little was known by the United States of the existence of the Philippine archipelago , and it was not until Cuba appeared on the scene in 1895 that the islands came to the attention of the U.S. The Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam were dragged along into the conflicts of independence , since these colonies also began to rebel at the same time. The U.S. at that time was an emerging nation and looking for ways to compete as one of the world powers. Cuba's War of Independence with Spain was the perfect solution for the Americans. While the U.S. wanted to help these people fight for independence , they also took a serious interest in occupying and controlling these colonies and making them their own. Conquest by U.S. (1898) In November 1897, William McKinley demanded that Cuba be granted independence, and pressured and abused Spain for its wrongdoings. On January 25 , 1898 , U.S. forces began arriving in Cuba and on February 15 , 1898 the American battleship USS Maine exploded, killing 269. The Americans blamed the Spanish for the incident, when in fact it was later discovered to have been an accidental malfunction of the gas generators inside the battleship which caused the explosion. The Americans retaliated and went to war with the Spanish in Cuba, and then moved on to the Philippines on May 1 in the same year, where they fought both the Spaniards and Filipinos . As war between the United States and Spain became a distinct possibility, the commander of the U.S. Asiatic Squadron, Commodore George Dewey, had discussions with some in Emilio Aguinaldo's government in exile in Singapore and Hong Kong. On April 25 , 1898 , the United States declared war on Spain and the Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, ordered Dewey to attack the Spanish fleet in the Philippines. The Battle of Manila Bay was one of the first hostile engagements of the Spanish-American War. In the darkness before dawn, Commodore Dewey's ships passed under the siege guns on the island of Corregidor at the entrance to Manila Bay and by noon on May 1 , 1898 had destroyed the Spanish fleet. On May 1 , 1898 the United States of America went to the Pacific and fought the Spaniards in the Spanish colony of the Philippines. (see: Spanish-American War ). The U.S. Navy under Admiral George Dewey attacked the Spanish Navy by sea in Manila Bay while the Filipino forces, led by General Emilio Aguinaldo allied with the U.S., who convinced the Filipinos they were there to help them fight for independence , also attacked by land, which resulted in a Spanish surrender. After the Spanish fleet was destroyed Aguinaldo arrived back in the Philippines on May 19 , 1898 and resumed command of his rebel forces. The Filipino rebels routed the demoralized Spanish forces in the provinces and laid siege to Manila. From the balcony of his house in Cavite, Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Philippines on June 12 , 1898 . Faced with inevitable defeat, Spain was forced to cede the Philippines to the United States in exchange for 20 million United States dollars with the Treaty of Paris in 1898. The Filipinos, under General Aguinaldo, declared victory and proclaimed their independence on June 12 , 1898 in Cavite . Aguinaldo was elected by the Filipino people and became the first President of the Philippines . This act was opposed by the United States, which had plans to take over the country. Whatever understanding Dewey and Aguinaldo may have reached in Hong Kong prior to the war, neither could have appreciated the full extent of the geopolitical forces at play. By late May, the newly appointed Admiral Dewey had received instructions to distance himself from Aguinaldo and his independence cause. 1898 US Political Cartoon. U.S. Pres


According to the old saying, what doesn't change its spots?

A leopard can't change its spots - Idioms by The Free Dictionary A leopard can't change its spots - Idioms by The Free Dictionary http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/A+leopard+can%27t+change+its+spots A leopard can't change its spots a leopard can't change its spots One will stay true to one's nature, even if one pretends or claims otherwise. After our breakup, he came crawling back, trying to convince me that he'd changed, but I know that a leopard can't change its spots. See also: change , leopard , spot A leopard can't/doesn't change its spots. something that you say which means that a person's character, especially if it is bad, will not change, even if they pretend it has I doubt very much that marriage will change Chris for the better. A leopard doesn't change its spots. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: A leopard can't change its spots Write what you mean clearly and correctly. References in periodicals archive ? Their relationship has gone the distance, but, in true Shameless style, prostitute Kelly proved a leopard can't change its spots when she slept with Paddy in exchange for money - when he failed to pull on a night out with his sons a few week's ago. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.


What name is given to art that depicts scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests, where sky is almost always included, and weather is usually an element of the composition?

Watercolor Art Exhibit at Silk Purse Art Gallery | The New Canadians Watercolor Art Exhibit at Silk Purse Art Gallery Tina Life in Canada 3 Comments The Silk Purse Art Gallery houses the West Vancouver Arts Council and holds regular art exhibits showcasing artworks by local artists.  This month from June 16th to the 28th, it hosts a watercolor exhibit titled “Landscape, Clear and Radiant”.      Landscape art depicts scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests. Sky is almost always included in the view, and weather usually is an element of the composition. Four  local Canadian watercolour artists; Enda Bardell, Vicki Canada, Peggy Shannon, and Carole Wilson each brought 10 of their works contributing to a total of 40 landscape collection. The watercolor paintings on display include scenes from Saltspring Island, Lonsdale Quay,  Jasper Park, Mosquito Creek, Shuswap Lake, Iceland, English Bay…. mountains, beaches, trees, rivers, forests, highrise, container ships, log cabins…… Prices range from $175 Canadian dollars up to $500 – all framed and matted.    Judging from what has sold, it appears that the viewing public seem to favour the paintings that depicted man-made structures.   Paintings of the Saltspring Island Pier and the Lonsdale Quay Pier were the first to go. Here are some of the exhibits: This painting is titled “Fishermen’s Houses in Iceland” by local Canadian artist from a scene in Iceland during her 66-day 2007 cruise from Arctic to Antartic on the Hurtigruten cruiseship. titled “Lonsdale Quay” I’d rename it “Lonsdale Quay of my youth” since the scene is rapidly changing with new highrises that will replace some of the old structures. This painting is also by Peggy Shannon.


Guitarist Brian Rankin is better known as who?

Hank Marvin - biography, video, tab on Veojam Hank Marvin Biography, videos, discography, news, photos 3 slides Photo Gallery Hank Marvin (real name Brian Robson Rankin) was born 28 October 1941 in in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He started to play the piano and the banjo as a child, but hearing Buddy Holly converted to the guitar. He attended Rutherford Grammar School and made friends with Bruce Cripps, who is now better known by his stage name Bruce Welch. Hank Marvin is best known as a leading guitarist to The Shadows. The Shadows became a tremendously successful band. The original 1959 line-up was Marvin, Welch, bassist Jet Harris and drummer Tony Meehan. Their first instrumental single as The Shadows was 'Apache', which had been written by singer/songwriter Jerry Lordan and voted single of the year. Marvin has also had successful solo ventures as a musician, singer and songwriter. He wrote 'The Day I Met Marie' for Cliff and 'Geronimo' for The Shadows. Marvin helped compose the music for the films Expresso Bongo (1959), The Young Ones (1961), Summer Holiday (1963), and Finders Keepers (1966). He appeared in the films as well. Hank has been identified by so many rock guitarists (of a sixties and seventies vintage) including Brian May and Mark Knopfler, as their inspiration. In 2009, to mark the The Shadows 50th anniversary and "34346", the original Stratocaster is being reproduced in detail by Fender's Custom Shop in California. Videos


Persia is the former name of which country?

Persia, Iran, and the Persian Gulf: A Brief History of Names Persia, Iran, and the Persian Gulf: A Brief History of Names By Fouad Kazem A campaign has been recently launched. Many Iranians from all stripes, fascists, monarchists, nationalists, reformists, liberals, even some leftists, and some religious hardliners, whether in Iran or abroad, have been swept up by a nationalistic fervor. And, what, you may ask, is the root cause of this rare moment of unity among Iranians? It is the fact that an atlas published by the National Geographic (in 2004) included in parentheses the words "Arabian Gulf" next to the "Persian Gulf". That is why there is a campaign to convince the world about the name of the "Persian Gulf". It is a fact that by all historical accounts the Persian Gulf has always been called the "Persian Gulf", in most recorded history. It is also true that in the same region there is the "Sea of Oman", and next to that there is the "Arab Sea". There is no reason to change the name of "Persian Gulf" to the "Arab Gulf", for that would create more confusion. However, should those interested in Iran's progress and democracy focus their time and energy on teaching everyone in the world about the name of a gulf? Would it not be more productive to devote efforts to make the historical connections between Iran, Iranian, Farsi, and Persian? Would it not make more sense to study the basic facts of Persian and world history we can change the present and work towards a better future? At this point, the vast majority of non-Iranians do not even know that Iranian, Farsi, and Persian are synonymous words referring to the same civilization and language. At best they think Persia is a region larger than Iran; at worst they think Persian is a civilization that disappeared along with the Hittites (who used to live in today's Turkey) or Babylonians (who used to live in today's Iraq). They think Farsi is a new dialect remotely related to Persian. They think Persian is a type of cat, a style of rug, or a flying carpet from somewhere exotic in the East. Basic facts of Persian history need to be clarified, before we focus on teaching people about the name of the Persian Gulf. Even if we succeed in convincing everyone in the world (including every Saudi Sheikh in his Harem) to use the name "Persian Gulf", the connection of that name with Iran will still be problematic in the minds of many. To be clear, in Persian we call the Persian Gulf, Khalije "Fars". Persia's government in 1935 asked the world to stop using the word, "Persian" and use the word "Iranian" instead (1). And yet in English we want it to be called the "Persian Gulf". Why the confusion over the names Persian and Iranian? For the last 2600 years, up to the year 1935, following a naming convention that was started by the ancient Greeks, in all Western languages today's Iran was known as "Persia", a word that was different from the word used in Persian, which was always "Iran". There are many other examples of such naming conventions in the world. Indians call their country "Bharat", Egyptians call their land "Missr", in Finland they call their country "Suomi", the Japanese call their country "Nihon", and Germans call their country "Deutschland" (2). By the same token, the language of Persia (Iran) has always been internationally known as Persian. The naming conventions for Persia (aka Iran) changed in 1935. The suggestion for the name change from Persia to Iran is said to have come from the Persian ambassador to Germany, who was a Nazi sympathizer. In 1935 Germany was ruled by Hitler. Aryanism was equated by the Nazis as the highest level of human civilization, in an article of faith based on a vulgar Hegelian hyperbola. Apparently the Persian ambassador was persuaded by his Nazi friends that Persia would be better off as an ally of Nazi Germany. Moreover, he became convinced that the country should be called by its Persian name, Iran, in Western languages. This was to signal a new beginning and bring home to the world the new era in Iranian history, one that would emphasize th


What is Tiger Woods' first name, really?

What Is Tiger Woods' Real First Name? By Brent Kelley Question: Tiger Woods First Name: What is Tiger's Real First Name? Answer: What is Tiger Woods' first name? Everyone knows him as "Tiger," but everyone also knows that isn't his given first name, his birth name. Tiger Woods ' real first name is "Eldrick." I can find no source that explains why his parents gave him the name "Eldrick." There doesn't necessarily have to be a reason (such as Woods being named after a relative), of course, beyond it being a name his parents liked and selected. According to those baby name suggestion Web sites, "Eldrick" is of German or English origin, and is a variation of "Eldridge" or "Aldric." The original meaning of the name was "righteous ruler" or "sage ruler."


Dr Benjamin Spock wrote books on what subject?

Benjamin Spock, World's Pediatrician, Dies at 94 Benjamin Spock, World's Pediatrician, Dies at 94 By ERIC PACE Dr. Benjamin Spock, the pediatrician who gently coached anxious postwar parents to trust their ''own common sense,'' only to be blamed by some critics for the self-indulgence of those parents' children, the 60's generation, died on Sunday at his home in San Diego. He was 94. Over half a century, Dr. Spock's homey handbook on child care, now titled ''Dr. Spock's Baby and Child Care,'' became one of the best sellers of all time. Therese Zazycki, a spokeswoman for Pocket Books, its main publisher, said yesterday that almost 50 million copies have been sold around the world, translated into 42 languages. Dr. Spock also became well known as an antiwar demonstrator in the 1960's, as he campaigned for nuclear disarmament and against the war in Vietnam and was arrested in protest demonstrations. ''There's no point in raising children if they're going to be burned alive,'' was how he made the connection between parents, pediatricians and politics. Dr. Spock had already broken with authority in his child-rearing handbook, which he saw as giving ''practical application'' to the ideas propounded by two early 20th-century sages, Sigmund Freud and John Dewey, the American philosopher and educator. ''John Dewey and Freud said that kids don't have to be disciplined into adulthood but can direct themselves toward adulthood by following their own will,'' he observed in 1972. And so in the opening chapter of the book, first published in hardcover in 1946 with the title ''The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care,'' Dr. Spock counseled his readers not to ''take too seriously all that the neighbors say.'' ''Don't be afraid to trust your own common sense,'' he wrote. ''What good mothers and fathers instinctively feel like doing for their babies is usually best.'' Such relaxed advice, given in the easy, practical, reassuring way that he had with parents, was light-years from the stern dictums of earlier standard works, like the 1928 book ''Psychological Care of Infant and Child'' by Dr. John B. Watson. ''Never, never kiss your child,'' Dr. Watson commanded. ''Never hold it in your lap. Never rock its carriage.'' Dr. T. Berry Brazelton of the Harvard Medical School, another noted pediatrician-author, once said of Dr. Spock: ''Before he came along, advice to parents was very didactic. He opened the whole area of empowered parenting. He gave parents choices and encouraged them to think things out for themselves.'' Dr. Spock repeatedly revised his own book over the years, and, for the fifth and sixth editions, which appeared in 1985 and 1992 respectively, he had a co-author: Dr. Michael B. Rothenberg, a professor of pediatrics and psychiatry at the University of Washington's medical school. Dr. Spock said in an interview in early 1992, when he was 88, that he planned to stay involved in updating the book ''as long as I live.'' Ms. Zazycki of Pocket Books said that, as scheduled, the seventh edition of the book will be published, in mass market paperback and trade paperback versions, on May 2, which would have been the doctor's 95th birthday. Tracey Guest, a spokeswoman for the publishing house Dutton, said yesterday that Dutton will publish a hard-cover version of the seventh edition of Dr. Spock's book on July 1. That new edition is by Dr. Spock and a new co-author, Dr. Steven J. Parker, who is a Boston pediatrician. He was the lead author of a study, published in 1992 in the journal Pediatrics, which found that women with one aspect of the Type A personality -- loosely identified as a hard-driving nature -- tend to have babies who exhibit Type A temperaments. Dr. Spock's literary agent, Robert Lescher, said late in 1997 that Dr. Spock was ''very deeply involved'' in preparing the seventh edition. Altogether, the doctor was the author or a co-author of 13 books. He was also a prolific author of magazine columns for more than 30 years. He wrote columns about raising children for Redbook and Ladies Home Journal and, more recently, for P


The Hesketh racing team, with its Union Jack Teddy Bear logo, founded by Lord Hesketh and Anthony 'Bubbles' Horsley, had its greatest successes in Formula One when they employed which driver?

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"Whose 2006 album ""Back to Black"" had 6 Grammy Award nominations and five wins, tying the record for the most wins by a female artist in a single night, and made her the first British singer to win 5 Grammys?"

Amy House Back To Black - Amy Winehouse Net Worth Amy House Back To Black Read more... Amy Winehouse Amy Winehouse Net Worth is $10 Million. Amy Winehouse was a controversial and talented British singer who had estimated net worth of $10 million. Winehouse was born on September 14, 1983, in London, England. She studied music at the theater school sh. Amy Jade Winehouse (14 Septe... Amy Winehouse Net Worth is $10 Million. Amy Winehouse Net Worth is $10 Million. Amy Winehouse was a controversial and talented British singer who had estimated net worth of $10 million. Winehouse was born on September 14, 1983, in London, England. She studied music at the theater school sh Amy Jade Winehouse was an English singer and songwriter known for her powerful deep contralto vocals and her eclectic mix of musical genres including R&B, soul and jazz. Winehouse's 2003 debut album, Frank, was critically successful in the UK and was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Her 2006 follow-up album, Back to Black, led to six Grammy Award nominations and five wins, tying the then record for the most wins by a female artist in a single night, and made Winehouse the first British female to win five Grammys, including three of the "Big Four": Best New Artist, Record of the Year and Song of the Year. In 2007 she won a Brit Award for Best British Female Artist; she had also been nominated for Best British Album. She won the Ivor Novello Award three times: once in 2004 for Best Contemporary Song for "Stronger Than Me", once in 2007 for Best Contemporary Song for "Rehab", and once in 2008 for Best Song Musically and Lyric...


"How much treacle was there in the nursery rhyme ""Pop! Goes the Weasel""?"

Pop Goes the Weasel - Nursery Rhyme - Mother Goose Club Pop Goes the Weasel – Nursery Rhyme Categories Pop Goes the Weasel Lyrics: Round and round the cobbler’s bench, The monkey chased the weasel. The monkey thought it was all in fun. Pop goes the weasel. A penny for a spool of thread, A penny for a needle. That’s the way the money goes. Pop goes the weasel. Round and round the mulberry bush, The monkey chased the weasel. The monkey stopped to pull up his socks. Pop goes the weasel. Half a pound of tuppenny rice, Half a pound of treacle. Mix it up and make it nice. Pop goes the weasel. Ha ha ha ha ha hoo! Pop goes the weasel. Round and round the cobbler’s bench, The monkey chased the weasel. The monkey thought it was all in fun. Pop goes the weasel. A penny for a spool of thread, A penny for a needle. That’s the way the money goes. Pop goes the weasel. That’s the way the money goes. Pop goes the weasel.


Oscar Wilde, Adolf Hitler and Jeffrey Archer have all written about their experiences in what?

Game show legends - snopes.com Game show legends 14 September 2007, 09:31 AM F.T.M Just got this in my Inbox, It's long but there's some right crackers in among 'em.... QUIZMANIA (ITV) Greg Scott: We're looking for an occupation beginning with 'T'. Contestant: Doctor. Scott: No, it's 'T'. 'T' for Tommy. 'T' for Tango. Contestant: Oh, right . . . (pause) . . . Doctor. DANNY KELLY SHOW (RADIO WM) Kelly: Which French Mediterranean town hosts a famous film festival every year? Contestant: I don't know, I need a clue. Kelly: OK. What do beans come in? Contestant: Cartons? BEG, BORROW OR STEAL (BBC2) Jamie Theakston: Where do you think Cambridge University is? Contestant: Geography isn't my strong point. Theakston: There's a clue in the title. Contestant: Leicester. Stewart White: Who had a worldwide hit with What A Wonderful World? Contestant: I don't know. White: I'll give you some clues: what do you call the part between your hand and your elbow? Contestant: Arm. White: Correct. And if you're not weak, you're...? Contestant: Strong. White: Correct - and what was Lord Mountbatten's first name? Contestant: Louis. White: Well, there we are then. So who had a worldwide hit with the song What A Wonderful World? Contestant: Frank Sinatra? Alex Trelinski: What is the capital of Italy? Contestant: France. Trelinski: France is another country. Try again. Contestant: Oh, um, Benidorm. Trelinski: Wrong, sorry, let's try another question. In which country is the Parthenon? Contestant: Sorry, I don't know. Trelinski: Just guess a country then. Contestant: Paris. Jeremy Paxman: What is another name for 'cherrypickers' and 'cheesemongers'? Contestant: Homosexuals. Paxman: No. They're regiments in the British Army who will be very upset with you. THE WEAKEST LINK (BBC2) Anne Robinson: Oscar Wilde, Adolf Hitler and Jeffrey Archer have all written books about their experiences in what: prison, or the Conservative Party? Contestant: The Conservative Party. DJ Mark: For Pounds 10, what is the nationality of the Pope? Ruth from Rowley Regis: I think I know that one. Is it Jewish? THE WEAKEST LINK Anne Robinson: In traffic, what 'J' is where two roads meet? Contestant: Jool carriageway? Bamber Gascoigne: What was Gandhi's first name? Contestant: Goosey? Presenter: What happened in Dallas on November 22, 1963? Contestant: I don't know, I wasn't watching it then. RTE RADIO 2FM (IRELAND) Presenter: What is the name of the long- running TV comedy show about pensioners: Last Of The ...? Caller: Mohicans. Greg Scott: We're looking for a word that goes in front of 'clock'. Contestant: Grandfather. Scott: Grandfather clock is already up there, say something else. Contestant: Panda. PHIL WOOD SHOW (BBC RADIO MANCHESTER) Phil: What's 11 squared? Phil: I'll give you a clue. It's two ones with a two in the middle. Contestant: Is it five? Q: Which American actor is married to Nicole Kidman? A: Forrest Gump. : On which street did Sherlock Holmes live? Contestant: Er . . . Presenter: Which is the largest Spanish-speaking country in the world? Contestant: Barcelona. Presenter: I was really after the name of a country. Contestant: I'm sorry, I don't know the names of any countries in Spain. RADIO 1 EARLY MORNING SHOW Presenter: How many toes would three people have in total? Contestant: 23. NOTTS AND CROSSES QUIZ (BBC RADIO NOTTINGHAM) Jeff Owen: In which country is Mount Everest? Contestant (long pause): Er, it's not in Scotland, is it? THE MICK GIRDLER SHOW (BBC RADIO SOLENT) Girdler: I'm looking for an island in the Atlantic whose name includes the letter 'e'. Contestant: Ghana. Girdler: No, listen. It's an island in the Atlantic Ocean. Contestant: New Zealand. Question: What is the world's largest continent? Contestant: The Pacific ROCK FM (PRESTON) Presenter: Name a film starring Bob Hoskins that is also the name of a famous painting by Leonardo Da Vinci. Contestant: Who Framed Roger Rabbit? THE BIGGEST GAME IN TOWN (ITV) Steve Le Fevre: What was signed to bring World War I to an end in 1918? Contestant: Magna Carta. O'Brien: How many kings of England have


Which British awards for songwriting and composing, a solid bronze sculpture of Euterpe, the Muse of lyric poetry, are named after a Cardiff-born entertainer?

Ivor Novello Awards: Duran Duran | Duran Duran Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Ivor Novello Awards: Duran Duran 10,554pages on The Ivor Novello Awards are presented for songwriting and composing, which Duran Duran have won on several occasions. Background Edit The Ivor Novello Awards are named after the Cardiff born entertainer Ivor Novello and are awards for songwriting and composing. They are presented annually in London (UK) by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) and were first introduced in 1955. Nicknamed 'The Ivors', the awards take place each May and are sponsored by PRS for Music and are respected worldwide as the major platform for recognising and rewarding Britain's songwriting and composing talents. The Ivors remain the only award ceremony in the musical calendar that is not influenced by publishers and record companies but judged and presented by the writing community. The Award itself is a solid bronze sculpture of Euterpe, the Muse of lyric poetry. Duran Duran Edit 1994 " Ordinary World " won an Ivor Novello Award in May 1994 . The song was later included on the PRS 30: Unity Diversity Celebration album, a collection of songs that have won the Ivor Novello Award for The PRS Most Performed Work between 1990 and 2002 . 2005 At a luncheon in the Great Room at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London on 26 May 2005 , Duran Duran were presented with The PRS Outstanding Contribution to British Music at the 2005 Ivor Novello Awards. The five original band members attended with close friends and family to receive the award. Statement: The Performing Right Society and the British Academy of Composers and Songwriters take great pleasure with presenting Duran Duran with the PRS Outstanding Contribution to British Music Award at the 2005 50th Ivor Novello Awards Ceremony. PRS is proud to have in its gift, the honour of presenting this award which has been in existence from 1978. Previous illustrious recipients include Elvis Costello, Chrissie Hynde, Morrissey, The Small Faces, The Clash, Kate Bush, Bryan Ferry and Errol Brown. The Chairman and Board of PRS are delighted that Duran Duran receive this award which recognises their unique valued contribution to British music, and their continuing influence on a new generation of songwriters.


What is a sphygmomanometer used to measure?

Sphygmomanometer Sphygmomanometer Sphygmomanometer Definition A sphygmomanometer is a device that measures blood pressure. It is composes of an inflatable rubber cuff, which is wrapped around the arm. A measuring device indicates the cuff's pressure. A bulb inflates the cuff and a valve releases pressure. A stethoscope is used to listen to arterial blood flow sounds. As the heart beats, blood forced through the arteries cause a rise in pressure, called systolic pressure, followed by a decrease in pressure as the heart's ventricles prepare for another beat. This low pressure is called the diastolic pressure. The sphygmomanometer cuff is inflated to well above expected systolic pressure. As the valve is opened, cuff pressure (slowly) decreases. When the cuff's pressure equals the arterial systolic pressure, blood begins to flow past the cuff, creating blood flow turbulence and audible sounds. Using a stethoscope, these sounds are heard and the cuff's pressure is recorded. The blood flow sounds will continue until the cuff's pressure falls below the arterial diastolic pressure. The pressure when the blood flow sounds stop indicates the diastolic pressure. Systolic and diastolic pressures are commonly stated as systolic 'over' diastolic. For example, 120 over 80. Blood flow sounds are called Korotkoff sounds. Types There are three types of sphygmomanometers. Digital sphygmomanometers are automated, providing blood pressure reading without needing someone to operate the cuff or listen to the blood flow sounds. However digital types are less accurate. Some healthcare providers use digital for screening but use manual sphygmomanometers to validate readings in some situations. Manual sphygmomanometers consist of aneroid (dial) and mercury (column) devices. Operating these aneroid and mercury devices is nearly the same, expect that aneroid devices require periodic calibration. How To Use a Sphygmomanometer Procedures To begin blood pressure measurement, use a properly sized blood pressure cuff. The length of the cuff's bladder should be at least equal to 80% of the circumference of the upper arm. Wrap the cuff around the upper arm with the cuff's lower edge one inch above the antecubital fossa. Lightly press the stethoscope's bell over the brachial artery just below the cuff's edge. Some health care workers have difficulty using the bell in the antecubital fossa, so we suggest using the bell or the diaphragm to measure the blood pressure. Rapidly inflate the cuff to 180mmHg. Release air from the cuff at a moderate rate (3mm/sec). Listen with the stethoscope and simultaneously observe the dial or mercury gauge. The first knocking sound (Korotkoff) is the subject's systolic pressure. When the knocking sound disappears, that is the diastolic pressure (such as 120/80). Record the pressure in both arms and note the difference; also record the subject's position (supine), which arm was used, and the cuff size (small, standard or large adult cuff). If the subject's pressure is elevated, measure  blood pressure two additional times, waiting a few minutes between measurements. A BLOOD PRESSURE OF 180/120mmHg OR MORE REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION! Precautions Aneroid and digital manometers may require periodic calibration. Use a larger cuff on obese or heavily muscled subjects. Use a smaller cuff for pediatric patients. For pediatric patients a lower blood pressure may indicate the presence of hypertension. Don't place the cuff over clothing. Flex and support the subject's arm. In some patients the Korotkoff sounds disappear as the systolic pressure is bled down. After an interval, the Korotkoff sounds reappear. This interval is referred to as the "auscultatory gap." This pathophysiologic occurrence can lead to a marked under-estimation of systolic pressure if the cuff pressure is not elevated enough. It is for this reason that the rapid inflation of the blood pressure cuff to 180mmHg was recommended above. The "auscultatory gap" is felt to be associated with carotid atherosclerosis and a decrease in arterial compl


Where was the first zoo in the United States, which opened on 1 July 1874 with 1,000 animals and an entry fee of 25 cents?

Visiting Philadelphia Zoo | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | The United States 2015 - YouTube Visiting Philadelphia Zoo | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | The United States 2015 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Sep 8, 2015 The Philadelphia Zoo, located in the Centennial District of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, was the first zoo in the United States. Chartered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on March 21, 1859, its opening was delayed by the American Civil War until July 1, 1874. It opened with 1,000 animals and an admission price of 25 cents.[2] For a brief time, the zoo also housed animals brought over from safari on behalf of the Smithsonian Institution, which had not yet built the National Zoo in the 1850s. For more detail, visit this link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philade... Visiting Philadelphia Zoo


Oast Houses :: Geograph Britain and Ireland ❖ Gallery An Oast House is a building used to dry fresh hops before they are sent to the brewers, to be used for flavouring beer. Beer was not produced within the oast house itself, but some malthouses (breweries) did incorporate drying kilns for drying barley for malt. A typical Oast House consisted of the 'oast' and the 'stowage'. The oast was a kiln, with a plenum chamber fired by charcoal at ground floor and the drying floor directly above. The steep pitched roof channelled the hot air through the hops to the top. A cowl on the top of the roof allowed the hot air ('reek') to be drawn up through the kiln in a vacuum effect. The cowl pivoted to control the air extraction and stop rain getting in. The stowage, was the barn section, it had a cooling floor and press at first floor and storage area at ground floor. The dried hops were taken from the drying floor to cool and be packed using a hop press. The press packed hops in a large sack called a 'pocket' suspended to the ground floor where the pockets were stored to await collection. Typical section through an oast house ❖ Production The first form of oast house appeared around the latter part of the 1500's, with the increasing use of hops as a profitable crop. It wasn't until the mid 1700's that hop production took off and the oast house became to be built in greater numbers, and not until the mid 1800's that it was in full production and many of the oast houses that can be seen today originated. Over 5000 oast houses were constructed with 3000 in Kent alone. Only a handful of original cowled oast houses are still in use for drying hops. One example is at Scotney Farm, a National Trust owned property (not open to the public) producing hops for 'Scotney Ale'. Today most hops are dried in modern ridge ventilated buildings. Many oast houses were demolished after the hop industry decline at the beginning of the 1900s, however there are estimated to be over of 3500 original cowl ventilated Oast Houses left standing in England, dating from the 1740's to the 1930's. The oldest surviving at Godwin House. The newest at Clockhouse Farm. ❖ Location Hops were grown throughout England but there were only a few areas that they were grown in great numbers. Oast Houses were built in the major hop growing regions. The majority of oast houses are found in the South East in Kent (approx 60%) and Sussex (approx 20%). A large number are found Herefordshire and Worcestershire (approx 15%) there are also a small numbers inï¿½ Hampshire (approx 2%) ï¿½and Greater London Oast House grid square coverage map ï¿½ Copyright 2008 nearby.org.uk/Barry Hunter Hop picking was at its peak in England between 1860 and 1880 when around 70,000 acres of hops were picked each year. Cheap imports from Europe being the main reason for their decline. Nowadays only about 5% of hops are produced compared with the peak years. ❖ Kiln Types There are four main kiln types within the oast house. The Internal kiln Mid to late c18 Originally oast houses were adapted barns, with a kiln built in the centre. Built of timber, many burnt down, or were replaced with purpose built oasts. The earliest remaining oast is from about 1740, but there were undoubtedly older incarnations that have since disappeared. The Square kiln Late c18 to early c19. Fires were common place in the original internal kiln, so the kiln moved outside of the building. They were around 12-14 foot across. The Round kiln Early c19 to 1920's. The most common; around 65% of oast kilns are round. It was thought that round kilns were more efficient that the square in terms of heat dissipation, and more cost efficient in materials. Early kilns 12-14 foot, later kilns 16-20 foot. Mid-late c19 to 1928. By the end of the 19th Century it was found that circular kilns were no more efficient than square kilns. The square kiln was continued, this time in larger 16-20 foot sizes in response to the large demand for hops, and economy of scale. It was down to the preference of the farmer or architect whether they chose a square


With which sport is Sebastian Loeb associated?

Sebastian Loeb, Romain Dumas Among 2016 Dakar Contenders Why We Should See Better F1 Racing in 2017 Sebastian Loeb, Romain Dumas Among 2016 Dakar Contenders The wildest event in rallying is just a week away. These are the drivers looking to win it all in the division for cars. Most Popular By Fred Smith Dec 27, 2015 It may not begin in Paris or end in Dakar these days, but in its eighth running in South America, the Dakar Rally remains the automotive world's toughest test. Factory participation has increased over the past few years, and in this year's edition, those factories bring with them some of the most famous names in the sport.  Headlining the rookie class is the pairing of driver Sebastien Loeb and co-driver Daniel Elena, perhaps the best rallying duo of all time. The two spent ten years together in the WRC between 2003 and 2012, a window in which they won nine consecutive championships and were beaten in the final series standings by just one driver. Loeb has scaled his rallying commitments back since, running a few WRC events in 2013 and 2015 in addition to a run at the Pikes Peak International Hillclimb, instead spending his full seasons in sports cars and touring cars. After finishing third in the World Touring Car Championship two seasons in a row, he reunites with Elena to finally take on Dakar,  debuting Peugeot's updated 2008DKR16 .  Advertisement - Continue Reading Below Joining Loeb at Peugeot's self-nicknamed  "Dream Team"  are two veterans of the race, six-time Bike/five-time Car winner Stephane Peterhansel and 2010 Car winner Carlos Sainz. While Peterhansel has made his name mostly through success in this event, Sainz is more closely associated with his run of success in the WRC through the 1990s, culminating in championships for Toyota in 1990 and 1992. Sainz is also the father of 2015 Formula 1 rookie Carlos Sainz Jr., who made a name for himself in his own right with seven finishes in the points in nineteen races for Scuderia Toro Rosso last season. Fourth Peugeot driver Cyril Despres is trying to follow in Peterhansel's footsteps, and after five Bike class wins of his own, he made his debut in the Car category during last year's event. Most Popular Peugeot's fifth and final entry, a 2008DKR15+, falls into the hands of Porsche factory driver and LMP1 ace Romain Dumas. The 2010 Le Mans overall winner has run a few rallies in between his work with Porsche and Audi, most notably including last year's Dakar rally, but this is his first running of the event in a car that should contend for the overall win. All five Peugeots, however, will have to overcome the X-Raid Mini All4s that lead all but one stage of the 2015 edition of the rally. Headlining their many entries are 2014 Car winner Nani Roma and the ever-fascinating Nasser Al-Attiyah, a two-time class winner of the race perhaps equally notable for his Olympic shooting career, which culminated in a Bronze medal in the 2012 Games in London. Also in a Mini, Mikko Hirvonen joins Sebastian Loeb among former WRC stars debuting in the event, and after finishing runner-up to Loeb in the series championship on four separate occasions, the former Ford ace will try to best his nemesis on a new stage. Though the battle for the overall win should be between the Peugeot and Mini camps, dozens of others will try to make their mark on the race. Among the notable entries are American racing veteran Robby Gordon, again running his Gordini and looking to build on being the only non-Mini driver to win a stage last season, American rookie Sheldon Creed in another Gordini, and 2009 race winner Giniel de Villiers in a factory-supported Toyota Hilux.  The rally opens in Buenos Aires on the 3rd of January, and concludes thirteen stages and two weeks later in Rosario Santa Fe, Argentina. Unlike previous years, there will be no stages run in Peru, with the event solely run through Argentina and Bolivia in response to projected El Nino complications. Highlights are expected to be aired nightly on the NBC Sports Network. More from Road & Track: