In popular tales what bowler famously caught the eye of Elizabeth I of England when the Spanish Armada was sighted off the British coast?

5sdsc by blablamag - issuu issuu IRELAND AT WAR: THE 1916 EASTER RISING MAGAZINE BRITAIN’S BESTSELLING HISTORY MAGAZINE B Maarch 2016 • www.historyextra.com/bbchistorymagazine Secret lives of the Elizabethans The daily realities of 16th-century England PLUS  Forbidden sex under Henry VIII  Islam and the Tudors: an unlikely alliance DISCOVER MARX, CHURCHILL, NAPOLEON AND THE PEOPLE WHO CHANGED THE WORLD s e h is d s u io c li e d t os Historye’stam 0 years? 0 ,0 2 t s a p e th f o l a e m t s stie What was th fascinating tours all over the world prices from as little as £1,250 THE HISTORY THAT SHAPED US THE DARTS OF LOVE: The Six Wives of Henry VIII The lives of the six women who had the misfortune to marry Henry VIII are less well known than their ultimate fates. Discover their stories on tour in some of England’s most beautiful areas. Tue 20th - Tue 27th September 2016 | £2,495 | Guide Lecturer: Elizabeth Norton Deeds Done Beyond The Sea A Most Serene Republic 300 Days & Nights Travel with historian Nick Slope, as he reveals how the holy wars reshaped the medieval world. 2nd - 11th May 2016 | £2,995 inc. flights Historian Jonathan Keates, leads our tour, exploring the great landmarks of Venice. 16th - 23rd May 2016 | £2,695 inc. flights Discover Verdun, perhaps the most perfectly preserved of all the Great War battlefields. 12th - 16th May 2016 | £1,495 inc. flights Expert led tours across the world - exploring over 1,000 years of history. Call, email or visit us online. Call: 01722 713820 • www.historicaltrips.com MARCH 2016 ON THE COVER: JOHN DUNCH AND HIS NURSE ELIZABETH FIELD: THE WEISS GALLERY, LONDON. ILLUSTRATION: CLAIR ROSSITER. THIS PAGE: JENI NOTT/HELEN ATKINSON WELCOME We’re often told that the Elizabethan era was a golden age, filled with swashbuckling explorers and inspired playwrights parading their talents in front of the glorious Virgin Queen. But what was life like for the ordinary people? In this month’s lead feature, on page 32, James Sharpe presents a very different view of the late 16th century, as a time of hunger, crime and unrest. Nor were the wealthy immune from the trials of this period. The portrait on the cover is thought to show John Dunch, a child of a Berkshire gentry couple, together with his nursemaid. It seems John died not long after this picture was painted, at just three years of age. Our focus on social history continues in the other articles that make up our Tudor special. On page 45 Lauren Johnson explores the complex and often bizarre restrictions placed on sexual relations at the dawn of Henry VIII’s reign. Meanwhile, on page 38 Jerry Brotton highlights the surprising links forged between Elizabethan England and the Islamic world. Moving away from the 16th century, there’s plenty more for you to get your teeth into this month. Inside, you’ll find articles on the Easter Rising, ‘Capability’ Brown and the mid-Victorian heyday, among other things. One piece you can certainly get your teeth into is our survey of the be e st meals from the past, which appears on page 60. Featuring everything from 19th-century rat pie, to a Roman dish made from calf’s brains, there’s bound d to be something to whet your historical appetite. MAGAZINE historyextra.com The history website in association with BBC History Magazine Weekly podcast Download episodes for free from iTunes and other providers, or via our website: historyextra.com/ bbchistorymagazine/podcasts History Extra Weekly Catch up on the latest history stories with our free iPad/iPhone app. Search for ‘History Extra’ in the app store Our digital editions BBC History Magazine e is available for the Kindle, Kindle Fire, iPad/iPhone, Google Play and Zinio. Find us in your app store or visit the website: historyextra.com/ bbchistorymagazine/digital IRELAND AT WAR: THE 1916 EAST ER RISING MAGA ZINE OR DOR DO DOR UD UDO TU TUD TU ALL IA IA CIA C CIAL CIIAL ECIA ECIAL ECI PEEEC P PECI PECIA PEC SP SPEC SPE S BRITAIN’S BESTSE B HISTORY MAGAZ • www.historyextra.co INE m/bbchistorymagazine S cret lives Se ethans of the Elizab The daily reali ties


The city of Irkutsk, Russia, lies at the southern tip of which body of water?

Lake Baikal | lake, Russia | Britannica.com Lake Baikal Alternative Titles: Baykalskoye Ozero, Ozero Bajkal, Ozero Baykal Related Topics Russia Lake Baikal, Russian Ozero Baykal, also spelled Ozero Bajkal, lake located in the southern part of eastern Siberia within the republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk oblast (province) of Russia . It is the oldest existing freshwater lake on Earth (20 million–25 million years old), as well as the deepest continental body of water, having a maximum depth of 5,315 feet (1,620 metres) . Its area is some 12,200 square miles (31,500 square km), with a length of 395 miles (636 km) and an average width of 30 miles (48 km). It is also the world’s largest freshwater lake by volume, containing about one-fifth of the fresh water on Earth’s surface, some 5,500 cubic miles (23,000 cubic km). Into Lake Baikal flow more than 330 rivers and streams, the largest of which include the Selenga , Barguzin, Upper (Verkhnyaya) Angara, Chikoy, and Uda. Lake Baikal. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Baikal lies in a deep structural hollow surrounded by mountains, some of which rise more than 6,600 feet (2,000 metres) above the lake’s surface. The sedimentary strata on the floor of the lake may be as much as 20,000 feet (6,100 metres) thick. Breaks in Earth’s crust produce hot mineral springs in the area. There are occasional severe earthquakes; in 1862 a quake inundated about 77 square miles (200 square km) in the northern Selenga delta, creating a new bay in Baikal known as Proval Bay. Ice-clad Lake Baikal and its only outlet, the Angara River, at Irkutsk, Russia. Hulton Archive/Getty Images The lake hollow is not symmetrical, having steep slopes on the western shores and gentler slopes on the eastern. The meandering shoreline runs for some 1,300 miles (2,100 km), with large indentations at the bays of Barguzin, Chivyrkuysky, and Proval and at Ayaya and Frolikha inlets; the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula juts out into the lake from the eastern shore. Baikal contains some 45 islets and islands, the largest of which are Olkhon (about 270 square miles [700 square km]) and Bolshoy (Great) Ushkany (3.6 square miles [9.4 square km]). The influx of water into the lake is primarily from rivers, chiefly the Selenga. The only outflow is through the Angara River , a tributary of the Yenisey . Harbour of Bolshiye Koty on Lake Baikal, southeastern Siberia. © Richard Kirby/Oxford Scientific Films Ltd. Similar Topics Dead Sea Baikal’s climate is much milder than that of the surrounding territory. Winter air temperatures average −6 °F (−21 °C), and August temperatures average 52 °F (11 °C). The lake surface freezes in January and thaws in May or June. The water temperature at the surface in August is between 50 and 54 °F (10 and 12 °C) and reaches 68 °F (20 °C) in the offshore shallows. Waves can be as high as 15 feet (4.6 metres). The water is very clear; from the surface one can see to 130 feet (40 metres). Its salinity is low, and it contains few minerals. Plant and animal life in the lake is rich and various. There are between 1,500 and 1,800 animal species at different depths, and hundreds of plant species live on or near the surface. The majority of the species are endemic to Baikal. There are some 50 species of fish, belonging to seven families; the most numerous of these are the 25 species of gobies. The omul salmon is heavily fished; also important are the grayling , lake whitefish, and sturgeon. Unique to the lake is a fish called the golomyanka, of the family Comephoridae, which gives birth to live young. The one mammal species is the Baikal seal, or nerpa (Phoca sibirica). There are more than 320 bird species in the Baikal area. Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica), endemic to Lake Baikal, southeastern … © Doug Allan/Oxford Scientific Films Ltd. Learn about the Baikal seal, the only true freshwater seal in the world, in this video. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz A Baikal seal pup waiting for its mother to return. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent Industries along the shor


Argentina encouraged a massive wave of immigration from Europe starting in 1857; between then and 1940 people from which country formed the bulk of the influx?

Argentina Explained Argentina Explained 2780400 Area Footnote: Considering 1084386km² of the Exclusive Economic Zone area of Argentina is 3,939,463 sq km. In this figure the areas claimed are not included. Area Rank: Gdp Ppp Per Capita Rank: 56th Gdp Nominal Per Capita Rank: 53rd .ar Footnote A: Though not declared official de jure , the Spanish language is the only one used in the wording of laws, decrees, resolutions, official documents and public acts. Footnote B: Area Magnitude: 1_E12 Argentina (; in Spanish; Castilian aɾxenˈtina/), officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish; Castilian: link=no|República Argentina), is a federal republic located in southeastern South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbour Chile , it is bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north; Brazil to the northeast; Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east; Chile to the west and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of 2780400km2, Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second-largest in Latin America , and the largest Spanish-speaking one.Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands (Spanish; Castilian: Islas Malvinas|links=no), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The country is subdivided into twenty-three province s (Spanish; Castilian: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city (ciudad autónoma), Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation (Spanish; Castilian: Capital Federal|links=no) as decided by Congress .The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system . The earliest recorded human presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The declaration and fight for independence (1810–1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with massive waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century. After 1930 Argentina descended into political instability and periodic economic crisis that pushed it back into underdevelopment, [4] though it nevertheless remained among the fifteen richest countries until the mid-20th century. Argentina retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs, and is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America. Argentina has the second largest economy in South America , the third-largest in Latin America and is a member of the G-15 and G-20 major economies. It is also a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , World Trade Organization , Mercosur , Union of South American Nations , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Organization of Ibero-American States . It is the country with the highest Human Development Index in Latin America with a rating of "very high". [3] Because of its stability, market size and growing high-tech sector, [5] Argentina is classified as a high-income economy . [6] Name and etymology The name "Argentina" is derived from Latin argentum ("silver", plata in Spanish ), a noun associated with the silver mountains legend , widespread among the first European explorers of the La Plata Basin . The first written use of the name can be traced to La Argentina , a 1602 poem by Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region and the foundation of Buenos Aires.Although "Argentina" was already in common usage by the 18th century, the country was formally named "Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata" by the Spanish Empire, and "United Provi


30 inspiring examples of pointillism | Creative Bloq 30 inspiring examples of pointillism 30 inspiring examples of pointillism These stunning examples of pointillism show just what can be achieved with the simple dot. Shares Page 2 Dot art – otherwise known as pointillism – covers many forms of art but they all have one thing in common: the dot. More and more artists, graphic designers, photographers and illustrators are experimenting with the technique, leading it to become one of the most exciting art techniques around. We've selected 30 striking examples of pointillism-based artwork to inspire you to give the technique a go. Some are more traditional whilst others have elaborated the technique to create something entirely new. 01. Phan Thu Trang Trang’s strongest point is to capture light and bring it to her stunning paintings Born and based in Hanoi, Phan Thu Trang uses a limited palette and bold dabs of colour to bring the rural Vietnamese landscape to vivid life.  Using oils and a palette knife to render the amazing impasto trees that dominate her work, she always tries to use colour and light to create different sensation for each piece of her art. Skorohod describes his work as being born out of nothing Hailing from Minsk in Belarus, Yuriy Skorohod describes himself as a dotwork artist.  "The 'dot' is an abstract object in space having neither volume, area, length nor any other measurable characteristics," he says. "This way, out of nothing, my drawings are getting born." 03. William Wilkins Morris' paintings have taken up to 13 years to complete, depending on the light, seasons and interruptions Having graduated from the Royal College of Art in 1960, William Wilkins started developing his own pointillist technique in the 1970s.  His earlier work tends to be concerned with tone and colour and frequently employs many layers of paint, while his more recent work is more interested in luminosity and opacity, with seldom more than one layer of paint on the canvas. He lives and works in Wales, but also works in Venice. 04. Kevin Sprouls Kevin's created the signature illustrated portraiture style synonomous with The Wall Street Journal Kevin Sprouls spearheaded the style of drawing now referred to as "hedcut". Using a stippling method of many small dots and a cross hatching method of many small lines, Sprouls created drawings that emulated the look and feel of old newspaper woodcuts and engraving. In 1979, the illustrator approached The Wall Street Journal with his ink dot work and was subsequently employed by the publication until 1987, helping to create their signature look and illustrating portraits with his hedcut method. Following in his footsteps, there are now five hedcut artists at work at The Wallstreet Journal continuing his legacy. 05. Dr Woo Dr Woo creates beautiful illustrations to adorn your skin for a lifetime All tattoos are essentially pointilism, typically using eight needles at once, each one penetrates the skin at high speed to create lines. What is so unique about Dr Woo's work, however, is that he uses one needle, meaning his tattoos are created not from a machine, but by hand dot after excruciating dot. While this style of tattooing isn't unique to Woo, and can be created by using old school tattooing techniques, his designs are incredibly intricate and beautiful and have inspired many. The L.A.-based artist has inked celebrities such as Drake and Ellie Goulding, to name a few. 06. Tamara Lee Tamara uses the ancient symbolic symbol of the mandala in her work Tamara uses geometric shapes and dots to create her spiritually inspired designs, mainly focused on mandalas. The artist uses dots in her work as a tattoo artist at London's The Circle tattoo studio. As well as her use of ancient symbols in her body ink work, she recreates these stunning designs on homeware via her website – from candles and incense holders to skateboards and even phone cases. If you'd like some of her work without the commitment of it being on your skin forever, check it out. 07. Nano "As far as I know I am the only guy tryin


"Which actress began her professional film career aged six in ""Bright Eyes"" in 1934?"

Bright Eyes (1934) - News NEWS 31 December 2014 2:42 PM, PST  | Entertainment Tonight | See recent Entertainment Tonight news » The world bid farewell to many brilliant actors, artists and musicians this year. From Philip Seymour Hoffman and Maya Angelou , to Robin Williams and Joan Rivers , we pay tribute to the stars we lost in 2014. Lauren Bacall Hollywood legend Lauren Bacall , best known for her string of celebrated noir performances opposite husband Humphrey Bogart , passed away at the age of 89 on Aug. 12. Bacall is survived by her three children, Stephen and Leslie Bogart, and Sam Robards . Oscar de la Renta Iconic fashion designer Oscar de la Renta passed away Oct. 20 at the age of 82 following a long battle with cancer. De la Renta came to fame in the 1960s as one of [link » Child star of 1930s and 40s remembered at Oscars ceremony after her death earlier this year • Xan Brooks liveblogs the ceremony • Full list of winners as they're announced The Oscars paid tribute to Shirley Temple , the Oscar-winning child star who died last year – devoting part of its traditional In Memoriam section to the actor. Temple was given an honorary juvenile Oscar in 1935 at the age of six, after a string of box-office successes including Bright Eyes and Baby Take a Bow helped to distract America in the throes of the Depression. Her screen career flourished during the 1930s, before taking a downturn during the second world war, followed by her official retirement in 1950. Apart from a few subsequent TV appearances, Temple turned to a political career, and served as Us ambassador to both Ghana and Czechoslovakia, among other high-profile posts. Temple, who used the name Temple Black after her 1950 marriage to Charles Alden Black, » - Andrew Pulver 23 February 2014 5:53 PM, PST  | WeAreMovieGeeks.com | See recent WeAreMovieGeeks.com news » Review by Sam Moffitt I never was a fan of Shirley Temple , far from it. I do recall seeing most of her movies years ago. Back in the Sixties Channel 11, in St. Louis, used to have a Shirley Temple Theater on weekend afternoons. My sister Judy , for some reason, had to watch those Shirley Temple films. So I can recall seeing Bright Eyes , the Little Colonel, Heidi , Little Miss Marker and what have you. To say I was not impressed would be a major understatement. Even as a young kid I realized there was a strict formula to Shirley’s movies, namely her sunny disposition and optimistic outlook would win over cranky old adults and straighten out bratty little kids, who were usually the villains, in her films, and that was about all. I do recognize and respect Shirley Temple ’s place in film history. She was the biggest star » - Movie Geeks 15 February 2014 7:30 AM, PST  | Entertainment Tonight | See recent Entertainment Tonight news » What had ETonline readers buzzing this week? What had ETonline readers buzzing this week? 1. Shirley Temple Black Dies Legendary child actress Shirley Temple Black passed away on Monday night, Feb. 10. She was 85. The actress, perhaps best known for her 1930s films Little Princess, Bright Eyes and Heidi , died in her Woodside, Calif. home, her nephew Richard Black told The Hollywood Reporter. She had recently begun hospice care. Temple is survived by her three children, her daughter Linda from her marriage to John Agar , and her son Charles and daughter Lori from her marriage to Charles Black . Temple, who served as a foreign ambassador and diplomat for four U.S. presidents, won a Screen Actors Guild's Life Achievement Award in 2006. "When I was 3 years old, I was delighted to be told that I was an actress, even though I didn't know what an actress was," she said during her acceptance speech. "I have one » 12 February 2014 5:32 PM, PST  | Digital Spy | See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Turner Classic Movies will air a tribute to the late Hollywood legend Shirley Temple . Temple passed away at the age of 85 from natural causes at her home in Woodside, California earlier this week. Shirley Temple dies: The Hollywood icon's life in pictures TCM has since confir


The egg-based painting medium is known as what?

Making Paint Making Paint Making paint does generate some extra work, but it gives you a certain purity to work with. Factory paints look more 'perfect' than home-made paints, but sometimes that's exactly what you don't want. Making paint gives you a feeling of edibility, of natural materials, of authenticity. It also helps you to feel your way into your materials, and to help you understanding the material process of painting. And last but not least: you have control over the degree of toxicity you're working with. You can make your own non-toxic paint. Paints you can make yourself: Encaustic (bee's wax) paint Grinding pigments in water For egg-tempera and caseine, you need pigments that are ground in water. Some pigments are toxic, click here for info on non-toxic pigments . If you have dry pigments, grind them in water with a glass muller on a plate of marble (or glass). Wear a dust-mask while you stir water into the pigments. Even when the pigments are non-toxic, it's not good to get them into your lungs. You should get a paste as thick as toothpaste - if you dab it with a palette knife, sharp tips should be standing up. Egg tempera for canvas-underpainting Egg tempera is made of eggyolk, and pigment-paste (pigments in water). You only use the inside fluid of the eggyolk. Roll the eggyolk over from one hand to the other, wiping the free hand dry on a cloth. If it's dry, hold the yolk, pinch it, let the content flow in a glass and try to hold on to the skin of the yolk. After that, dilute the yellow stuff you have with half an eggshell of water. This mixture goes 1 on 1 with the pigment paste. It's a very thin, fluid paint - which is good because it prevents too thick paint layers. Use the paint before the egg starts to rot (you can imagine the smell). And, a real pity: it's no use freezing little cubicles of egg or caseine for making paint later. It ruines their inner structure. Egg-tempera can be made with a painting medium (oil and varnish) as well. Here you'll find an oil painting guide , which contains lots of recipes for making egg-tempera paint, and also egg-caseine tempera, acrylic-caseine and oil paint. Free recipe sheets In these recipe sheets you'll find how to make egg tempera paint, along with a few other recipes for canvas primers and underpainting - both the modern and the traditional way. There's a product list as well. The products were selected to be least expensive, while delivering quality. Like in the supermarket: it's not about shiny packages, but about knowing what ingredients are worth, no matter if it's cheap or expensive. If you want to read more, check out my e-book (76 pages) on oil painting materials. The recipe sheets are a free download, when you subscribe to this website. subscribe and download your free recipe-sheets Egg tempera for wall painting For wall painting, you can use whole eggs, instead of adding water. Each egg should be complemented with half an eggshel of pigment paste (dry pigments, ground in water untill becoming like 'toothpaste') Drying times Both caseine paint and egg-tempera paint dry very quickly. But, after these two minutes they're still soft (like cheese). They need a few days to harden out. Be careful not to touch the walls for a few days. In time, the egg-tempera is very durable. Slowly, it gets harder and harder, and in 30 years it turns to stone. Caseine paint hardens out a bit faster, but also needs care in the beginning. If you put egg-tempera on canvas, you can varnish the underpainting with dammar varnish after a day's drying, to make it more solid. In case you want to do some brushing and rubbing, while you paint it with oils. Caseine tempera for walls and canvas-underpainting Caseine is a very strong glue, it's only good for the underlayers. It's good to either thin the binder with water, or to do with 1 volume of caseine paste to 3 volumes of pigment paste. Caseine paste can be bought ready made in the online art store (brand: Shiva). Caseine paint is a very good material for doing thin, transparant, watery washes of color. Click here for color washin


The Visigoth army led by Alaric famously sacked what city in 410 CE?

Alaric - Ancient History Encyclopedia Alaric by Donald L. Wasson published on 04 September 2014 Alaric I (reigned 394-410 CE) was a Gothic military commander who is famous for sacking Rome in 410 CE, which was the first time the city had been sacked in over 800 years. Although little of his family is known, we do know that he became the chief of the Tervingi and Greuthungi tribes (later known as the Visigoth and Ostrogoth , respectively). He led his fellow Goths on a rampage through the Balkans and into Italy , sacking the Roman capital, and then moving further south and dying soon after in 410 CE. After Alaric’s death, his brother-in-law Athaulf led the Goths into Gaul . Alaric Comes to Power For centuries the people of Rome lived comfortably behind the walls of their city. The empire was continually expanding, and the army, under a long series of capable military commanders, kept the dreaded barbarians safely away from the city’s gates. Unfortunately, the supremacy of Rome began to slowly decay when the empire was split into two by Diocletian , and the power base gradually moved to Constantinople and to the emperor who resided there. This shift in political and economic power left Rome weak and vulnerable. A young, former Roman commander took advantage of this situation and sacked the once eternal city: his name was Alaric. Remove Ads Advertisement Although labelled as a barbarian, Alaric was a Christian who received his military training in the Roman army . He commanded the Gothic allies, fighting alongside the Romans at the battle of River Frigidus in 394 CE, a battle waged between the eastern emperor Theodosius I and the western usurper emperor Eugenius. Shortly after the battle, in 395 CE, Emperor Theodosius, the last to unite and rule both halves of the empire, died. The empire was again divided. Alaric’s nemesis (and later ally) the ambitious Flavius Stilicho (359-408 CE) became regent (or at least claimed to be) for the former emperor’s two sons, Arcadius and Honorius (395–423 CE). Arcadius became emperor in the east (dying in 408 CE), while the younger Honorius would eventually assume the throne in the west. Alaric & Stilicho When the Salarian Gate was opened by an unnamed sympathizer, an army of “barbarians” led by Alaric entered Rome, and a three day pillage began. Stilicho, magister militum or commander-in-chief (and son of a Roman mother and Vandal father), clashed with Alaric. This conflict stemmed from a treaty signed in 382 CE between the Romans and the Goths, after the Gothic War , which allowed them to settle in the Balkans but only as allies, not citizens. The treaty further required them to serve in the Roman army, something that alarmed many of the Goths. And, as they had feared, their extensive losses at Frigidus validated their concern; they had been placed on the front lines, ahead of the regular Roman army, as "sacrificial lambs". Alaric lived under the mistaken delusion that the Roman government in the west was stable and would last forever, providing security for his people. In an attempt to force a rewrite of the treaty, Alaric and his army took advantage of the growing tension between the east and west and ransacked cities throughout the Balkans and into Greece , eventually invading Italy in 402 CE. He demanded not only grain for his people but also recognition as citizens of the empire, as well as his appointment as magister militum, an equal in the Roman army; Stilicho vehemently refused these demands. Although Alaric was forced to retreat at Verona , in 406 CE an attempt was made for compromise. Through his agent, Jovius, the Roman commander listened to Alaric’s demand of legal rights to their land with annual payments of gold and grain. In return, Alaric was to assist Stilicho in his plan to invade the east; with Arcadius in full power in the east, Stilicho had already secured himself in the west (he had married his daughter to Emperor Honorius), and with the help of Alaric, he would attack the east, dethroning Arcadius. Remove Ads Advertisement The deal would never come to pass. Alaric


What is the main product of photosynthesis in plants?

What Are the Products of Photosynthesis? What Are the Products of Photosynthesis? What Are the Products of Photosynthesis? Result of Photosynthesis in Plants Chlorophyll in plant leaves converts carbon dioxide and water into the products glucose and oxygen.  Connie Coleman, Getty Images Question: What are the products of photosynthesis? Short Answer: The products of photosynthesis are sugar (glucose) and oxygen. Photosynthesis is the name given to the set of chemical reactions performed by plants to convert energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of sugar. Specifically, plants use energy from sunlight to react carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar ( glucose ) and oxygen . Many reactions occur, but the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis is: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light yields Glucose + Oxygen In a plant, the carbon dioxide enters via leaf stomates by diffusion . Water is absorbed through the roots and is transported to leaves through the xylem. Solar energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in the leaves. The reactions of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplasts of plants. In photosynthetic bacteria, the process takes place where chlorophyll or a related pigment is embedded in the plasma membrane. continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge The oxygen and water produced in photosynthesis exit through the stomata. Actually, plants reserve very little of the glucose for immediate use. Glucose molecules are combined by dehydration synthesis to form cellulose, which is used as a structural material. Dehydration synthesis is also used to convert glucose to starch, which plants use to store energy. Intermediate Products of Photosynthesis The overall chemical equation is a summary of a series of chemical reactions. These reactions occur in two stages. The light reactions require light (as you might imagine), while the dark reactions are controlled by enzymes. They don't require darkness to occur -- they simply don't depend on light. The light reactions absorb light and harness the energy to powder electron transfers. Most photosynthetic organisms capture visible light, although there are some that use infrared light. Products of these reactions are adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamde adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). In plant cells, the light-dependent reactions occur in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. The overall reaction for the light dependent reactions is: 2 H2O + 2 NADP+ + 3 ADP + 3 Pi + light → 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + 3 ATP + O2 In the dark stage, ATP and NADPH ultimately reduce carbon dioxide and other molecules. Carbon dioxide from the air is "fixed" into a biologically usable form, glucose. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, the dark reactions are termed the Calvin cycle. Bacteria may use different reactions, including a reverse Krebs cycle . The overall reaction for the light independent reaction of a plant (Calvin cycle) is: 3 CO2 + 9 ATP + 6 NADPH + 6 H+ → C3H6O3-phosphate + 9 ADP + 8 Pi + 6 NADP+ + 3 H2O During carbon fixation, the three-carbon product of the Calvin cycle is converted into the final carbohydrate product. Factors That Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis Like any chemical reaction, the availability of the reactants determines the amount of products that can be made. Limiting the availability of carbon dioxide or water slows the production of glucose and oxygen. Also, the rate of the reactions is affected by temperature and the availability of minerals that may be needed in the intermediate reactions. The overall health of the plant (or other photosynthetic organism) also plays a role. The rate of metabolic reactions is determined in part by the maturity of the organism and whether it's flowering or bearing fruit.


Johann Sebastian Bach — Air on a G String — Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm instrumental The "Air on the G String" is a musical piece for string and piano, arranged by August Wilhelm from the Air of Johann Sebastian Bach's Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. The original orchestral suite was written by Bach for his patron Prince Leopold of Anhalt sometime between the years 1717 and 1723. The title comes from violinist Wilhelmj's late 19th century arrangement of the piece for violin and piano. By transposing the key of the piece… read more Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now Similar Tracks


According to NASA where do the majority of meteorites found on Earth originate from?

Where do meteorites come from? Where do meteorites come from? Where do meteorites come from? Where do meteorites come from? Exhibition Text All meteorites come from inside our solar system. Most of them are fragments of asteroids that broke apart long ago in the asteroid belt, located between Mars and Jupiter. Such fragments orbit the Sun for some time-often millions of years-before colliding with Earth. Meteorites can be huge: the biggest one ever found weighs around 60 tons, roughly twice as much as the Ahnighito meteorite at the center of this room. People have also found meteorites that are quite small, about the size of beach pebbles or even grains of sand. Asteroids The vast majority of meteorites are fragments of shattered asteroids. Asteroids are rocky bodies found mostly in the asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, and its gravity is very strong. Asteroids, which are much smaller than planets, are sometimes pulled out of the asteroid belt by the force of Jupiter's gravity. Many of these asteroids then travel toward the inner solar system—where they can collide with Earth. Planets A small number of meteorites are pieces of rock from the surfaces of other planets. These fragments were likely blasted off planets when they were hit by a large asteroid or comet. People have found meteorites that are definitely from the planet Mars, some of which are on display in this hall. Some meteorites might be from Mercury, but researchers are still investigating this claim. Moon The most famous moon rocks are those collected by astronauts who walked on the Moon. But small pieces of the Moon also occasionally reach Earth as meteorites. Such "lunar meteorites" are identical in composition to the astronauts' moon rocks, although they come from different locations-possibly even from the far side of the Moon, which never faces Earth. Comets Meteorites might also come from comets. Made of dust, rock and ices, comets are typically found in the outer reaches of our solar system, beyond the orbit of the planet Neptune. Scientists have identified several meteorites that might be fragments of the rocky cores of comets. Keywords: Meteorites, Astrophysics, Astronomy, Rocks, Moon, Planets, Astrogeology, Asteroids, Comets Audience: General


How is the shoe held on a racehorse's foot?

Off The Track Thoroughbreds: All with Beautiful Rehabilitated Feet | EasyCare Off The Track Thoroughbreds: All with Beautiful Rehabilitated Feet Monday, March 5, 2012 by Dawn Willoughby Once and for all let's make a concerted effort to debunk a popular myth that thoroughbreds have shelly walls, thin soles, pencil thin frogs and for these reasons they need shoes. "The hell!" I say. Even with wrong hoof care from birth to rescue/career change, the vast majority of OTTBs can be rehabbed to soundness. And gorgeous feet! Cayuga When I met him he was 12 years old, shod most of his life. He trained on the track but did not race. Cayuga was living at Tory Hill, a gorgeous farm with a herd of about 10 barefoot geldings, mostly OTTBs, with full turnout on huge and hilly pastures. Too much hoof capsule. Crappy Walls or Horn. 'Beer Can' feet. The heels are almost as long as the toe. This tells me that the coffin bone is  pointing down at a steep angle. The tip of the coffin bone is no doubt disintegrating from mechanical stress. Unfortunately, the farrier can only trim so much and then puts the shoe back on a long, misshapen foot to maintain it.  Rehab demands pulling the shoes. The foot is sweeping forward, in front of the horse. In a general sense, the green line indicates where the hoof will end after rehab. The Red points out (1) upward pressure of the shoe and (2) a long under run heel Cayuga's Straight Forward Rehabilitation: As I applied the mustang roll, mechanical pressure on the lamina was removed and the steep, well connected wall at the top half inch of the capsule grew right in. As this happens the hoof will get back under the horse. The entire foot will transform as the capsule becomes smaller and the heels shorten. Transformation is organic. A lot of things are happening at once. I never force any angle or any particular length because above the hoof is a unique body with unique movement. Below, in 7 months, the hoof capsule looked more compact.  Soles and walls thicken. Heels open up as the frog and internal structures improve. The more movement and the healthier the diet, the better the foot. 7 months later a nicer foot, still on the mend. Still a long capsule and long heels (as they appear from the outside) but over time it all corrects. Most importantly Cayuga was sound, ridden in padded Epic boots throughout. Smartie This fancy OTTB had been in shoes a long term. Sadly we didn't make it to a full rehab before the owner put him back in shoes. He has some things to show us. This unraveling hoof wall with cracks around the nail holes is not being held together by the shoe. Force comes down the leg, hits the shoe and runs back up the hoof and leg maintaining the cracks. To treat the unraveling wall, I would definitely use White Lightening to insure there is no bacteria maintaining the problem. Otherwise, it will grow out in about 3 months. Solar View: Under run heels and long toe From the hairline in the back of the foot to the heel where Smartie lands, you see about 2" of heel length running under the horse. Many people misinterpret this saying their horses won't grow heels. Smartie, and many horses, grow heels that run forward. If the frog is healthy and can take a pounding from the current ground conditions, I'll bring the heels back, and down, half inch at a trim. By the end of rehab the heels will in the back of the foot, next to the back of the frog. Above the frog, internally, the digital cushion and lateral cartilages begin to re-develop and give Smartie the structure he needs. Above, the toe wall appears to be about 3" in front of the end or apex of the frog. Much too long. If you wait about a week after pulling shoes, the horse will develop a toe callus and you can rasp the toe, 10:00 - 2:00, back to but not through, the toe callus. The callus looks like a long bump. Personally I like to pull the shoes, round things up and leave the horse alone for a month. Pulling shoes is traumatic enough for one day.


Where is the Castillo de los Tres Reyes Magos del Morro designed by Italian engineer Juan Bautista Antonelli, and built in 1589?

Morro Castle (fortress) | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Castle of los Tres Reyes del Morro Morro Castle Spanish language: Castillo de los Tres Reyes Magos del Morro is a picturesque fortress guarding the entrance to Havana bay in Havana, Cuba. Juan Bautista Antonelli , an Italian engineer, was commissioned to design the structure. When it was built in 1589, Cuba was under the control of Spain. The castle, named after the biblical Magi , was later captured by the British in 1762. [1] View from La Cabaña Morro Castle in Havana shares the name with other structures in Santiago de Cuba and the Castillo de San Felipe del Morro in San Juan, Puerto Rico. In this case "morro" in Spanish means a rock which is very visible from the sea and therefore serves as a navigational landmark. [2] Perched on the promontory on the opposite side of the harbor from Old Havana it can be viewed from miles around as it dominates the port entrance. Built initially in 1589 in response to raids on Havana harbor, el Morro protected the mouth of the harbor with a chain being strung out across the water to the fort at La Punta. Contents Main articles: Battle of Havana (1762) and Great Britain in the Seven Years War It first saw action in 1762, while under the command of Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla . The British expedition against Cuba under Lord Albemarle landed in Cojimar to the east of Havana and attacked the fortress from its landward side. The fort fell when the British successfully mined one of its bastions. When the British handed the island back in 1763 to Spain, the fortress at La Cabaña was built to prevent this from happening again. Exhibition Edit Havana Bay, c. 1639. Inside the gates is an exhibition on the lighthouses of Cuba – El Morro once housed a school for lighthouse keepers. There was actually a watchtower here until the British blew it up in their successful siege in 1762. The Faro Castillo del Morro lighthouse was added in 1846. The cannons around the fort are now badly rusted but the walls are in great shape. The fort has central barracks up to four stories high. A small underwater archeology exhibition is also located here. Noteworthy are the old latrines and their chute into the sea as are the two sets of doors and the drawbridge mechanism. The current harbor master's office is still housed in the fortress. A plaque dedicated by the ambassador of the United Kingdom commemorates the 1762 siege and a small memorial is located between two strong powder rooms in the North East Bastion. A small turret at the end of the wall offers views of the sea crashing onto the rocks 20 meters below and take in the dimensions of the huge dry moat. The opposite side of the moat holds more modern guns and cannons, La Bateria de Velasco, and offers a sweeping view down to Cojimar . Appearances in books and movies Edit In 1839, the Cuban writer José Antonio Echeverría (1815-1885) published his only novel, Antonelli, in the periodical La Cartera Cubana in three parts. [3] An historical novel in the tradition of Walter Scott, Antonelli describes the love triangle between Antonelli , a Spanish soldier, and the planter's daughter they both love. Morro Castle is the setting for many of the book's events, including its tragic finale. Morro Castle appears in Richard Henry Dana's account of his travel to Cuba, To Cuba and Back. Morro Castle appears in the McDougal Littell textbook ¡En español! Level 2. Morro Castle appears in the movie The Ghost Breakers (1940), in the background as Bob Hope and Paulette Goddard enter the harbor by ship. Morro Castle can be seen in the background of John Singleton Copley 's Watson and the Shark . During his life,the Castro regime imprisoned the Cuban poet and novelist Reinaldo Arenas (1943-1990) at El Morro Castle for his homosexuality. The film version of Arenas's autobiography, Before Night Falls, starring Javier Bardem , features scenes set in El Morro Castle prison. (A fortress in Mexico City doubled for the prison, since the filmmakers were not allowed to film in Cuba.) Gallery


Who founded the Prince's Trust in 1976 to give special help to Britain's youth, especially those who are unemployed?

The Prince's Trust by Jamm Design Ltd - issuu issuu Project4_Layout 1 17/09/2015 12:04 Page 1 Evening of Art Auction 100 per cent of the profits to support disadvantaged young people Project4_Layout 1 17/09/2015 12:04 Page 2 PT004 OSA5 Listing_Layout 1 16/09/2015 09:15 Page 1 1 PT004 OSA5 Listing_Layout 1 16/09/2015 09:15 Page 2 Dear Supporter, On behalf of The Prince’s Trust South West, it is my great pleasure to welcome you to this fantastic art collection. All of these wonderful pieces have been generously donated for our third Evening of Art Auction by some of the country’s most renowned artists. We are hugely grateful to them for making this event possible. This auction gives you the chance to acquire some truly outstanding art. With your help we would like to raise £75,000 for disadvantaged young people in the South West. I would like to thank our sponsors and supporters Coutts & Co, Withy King, Reside Bath, Pritchards, Matthew Clark and The Roper Family Trust. As a result of their contribution, all of the money raised from this event will go straight towards changing the lives of young people. We are also grateful to iBid who will be facilitating the silent auction technology, and to Paul Martin for hosting the live auction. Today’s economic environment remains challenging for the young people that we support. They face multiple barriers and find it hard to compete for opportunities. It is estimated that there are nearly 60,000 unemployed 16 to 24 year-olds in the region. This level of unemployment triggers many other problems including crime, anti social behaviour and mental health issues, and is a huge waste of human potential. The Prince’s Trust works with around 3,500 disadvantaged young people in the area every year. We help them to develop the confidence, skills and motivation they need to move forward with their lives. Three-quarters of our young people progress into a job, selfemployment or training as a result of our support. You can be part of helping more young people by participating in this auction. This year, all pieces will be available online ahead of the event via www.eveningofartauction.com. The artwork will also be exhibited at the Evening of Art Auction where guests can bid using the silent auction technology or by participating in the exciting live auction. We could not have held this evening without the help of our wonderful committee, led by Jenny Bower, and the other volunteers who have worked so hard over the last year to help plan this event. Once again, my most sincere thanks to the artists for their wonderful artwork, and to you for your invaluable support. Tara Leathers Director of Fundraising 2 PT004 OSA5 Listing_Layout 1 16/09/2015 09:15 Page 3 Evening of Art Auction Thursday 8th October The Assembly Rooms, Bennett Street, Bath, Avon BA1 2QH Champagne reception and Silent Auction 7.00pm Bid on pieces of art easily using readily available touch screen tablets. Dinner, Live Auction and Entertainment from 8.00pm TV Presenter Paul Martin will host the live auction of six pieces of art. Specialist Emma Sykes of Bonhams Bath - emma.sykes@bonhams.com Viewing lots by appointment and all Princeâ€™s Trust enquiries Please contact Katherine Morgan on 0117 943 4950 or via email katherine.morgan@princes-trust.org.uk iBid The Princeâ€™s Trust, Canningford House Tel 020 7524 7813 enquiries@ibid-events.com www.ibid-events.com 38 Victoria Street, Bristol BS1 6BY Tel 0117 943 4948 www.princes-trust.org.uk 3 PT004 OSA5 Listing_Layout 1 16/09/2015 09:15 Page 4 LOCATION et PT004 OSA5 Listing_Layout 1 16/09/2015 09:15 Page 5 Further information This year all artwork will be available to view and bid for online in advance of the event via eveningofartauction.com. You will be able to bid on artwork right up until the evening of the event, Thursday 8th October. Thereafter, the website will be closed to any more online bids. All art has been independently valued by Bonhams. The Silent Auction The highest bids for each piece of art, taken from the above website, will be transferred


"Which pop group, initially a studio only band for Tony Burrows and songwriter/record producers Tony Macaulay and Barry Mason, are best known for their 1970 record, ""Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)""?"

Edison Lighthouse music - Listen Free on Jango || Pictures, Videos, Albums, Bio, Fans Biography Read More Edison Lighthouse was a UK pop group, initially a studio only assemblage that served as a vehicle for session vocalist Tony Burrows and songwriter/record producers Tony Macaulay and Barry Mason. They are best known for their 1970 UK chart-topper and million selling record, "Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)".... Biography from Wikipedia


"What book includes the characters Dill, ""Boo"" Radley, Scout Finch, her older brother Jem and their widowed father Atticus?"

To Kill A Mockingbird | Malden Public Library | BiblioCommons To Kill A Mockingbird Publisher: New York, NY : Harper, 2010 Edition: 50th anniversary ed Branch Call Number: LEE H Characteristics: 323 p. ; 21 cm List - BostonPL_Father's Day 2016 BostonPL_ReadersAdvisory Jun 07, 2016 Probably one of the the most memorable fathers in fiction, Atticus Finch, Scout and Jem's lawyer father, undoubtedly deserves a spot on this list. t trcookIIImddmd Jan 03, 2017 Faulkner's advice to fledgling authors, like myself(read To Cratisto by Lt Roger Wilco from amazon), was to "read everything--trash, classics, good and bad." I have done so and continue: Herodotus, Faulkner, Hemingway, Woolf, Dickens, and trash by Daniel Steele. To Kill A Mocking Bird is the most perfectly written novel. Like m ManMachine Oct 27, 2016 Born April 28, 1926 - Nelle Harper Lee (better known by her pen name, Harper Lee) was an American writer widely known for her novel "To Kill a Mockingbird", which was first published in 1960. Immediately successful, this novel won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. The plot and characters of "To Kill a Mockingbird" are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family and neighbours, as well as an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The novel deals with the irrationality of adult attitudes towards race and class in the Deep South of the 1930s, as depicted through the eyes of two children. The novel was inspired by racist attitudes in her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama.... (*Be sure to view video of only recorded interview with Harper Lee*) *Note* - On February 19, 2016 - Harper Lee (89 at the time) died in her sleep. Like b BiGirl Aug 24, 2016 Fantastic read. No doubt as to why it is an American Classic. read it in high school bought it later. may become a yearly summer tradition for me. The movie under the same name while powerful is extremely disappointing they white wash boo radley. Like m mikeehan Aug 18, 2016 I finally read To Kill a Mockingbird and it gave me no useful advice on killing Mockingbirds.It did teach me not to judge a man by the color of his skin, but what good does that do me? Like k kisanet18 Aug 11, 2016 Harper Lee has integrated being courageous into most of the characters in the book starting with the main protagonists. In 1930s rural Maycomb, Alabama people were pretty much set in their way of life. Yet when the court case threatening to disrupt this life hit, the court system knew only one person had the courage to be the defense attorney: Atticus Finch. Despite having a decent chance to win, Atticus realized he had no chance because a jury would never favor a black man over a white regardless of the circumstances. Maintaining the same values at court and home, he told his children Jem and Scout to hold their heads high as rougher days would be ahead; thus, he instilled a sense of courage in his children. Like k Kadiamum Jul 27, 2016 This has become one of my best-loved novels, and I'm glad that the North American school districts had chosen it to be studied in class. I've learned many different lessons from reading it, and it has changed my perception on many different things. It opened up on subjects like racial injustice, gender roles, etc. Like t TEENREVIEWBOARD Jul 19, 2016 This is a classic and widely known novel written by Harper Lee. It follows the small town life of a little girl named Jean Louise Finch (commonly known as Scout) and is set in the fictional town of Maycomb in Alabama during the Great Depression. As the novel progresses, Scout alongside her brother, Jem (Jeremy) make a new friend named Dill and learn about an eerie person by the name of Boo Radley. We also see that the children also begin to mature as they see how prejudice and racism has affected the town of Maycomb through the trial that their father, Atticus, is defending. This trial focuses on a bl


"Who wrote ""The Sheep Pig"", that was made into the film ""Babe""?"

Babe: The Gallant Pig: Dick King-Smith, Mary Rayner: 9780679873938: Amazon.com: Books Editorial Reviews Amazon.com Review Babe is a sensitive soul, deeply loyal to those who are kind to him. So when he is taken in by Farmer Hogget's sheepdog, Fly, it's only natural that he would want to follow in his foster mum's paw-steps. Even with Babe's considerable handicaps as a sheepdog--namely, that he's a pig--he manages to overcome all with his earnestly polite and soft-spoken ways, proving once again that might doesn't always make right. After saving the sheep from rustlers and wild dogs, Babe convinces Hogget that his idea of becoming a sheep-pig "b'aint so stupid" as it might look. But neither Hogget nor Babe, nor anyone else, could have predicted what follows. As utterly charming as Charlotte's Web , this book is bound to pluck even the tightest heartstrings. Masterful characterization brings every personality to vibrant life, while Mary Rayner's lively line illustrations only elucidate images Dick King-Smith has already planted in the reader's mind. Herd the whole farmyard together: readers of all ages, ambitions, and antecedents will love this one. --Emilie Coulter --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.


What is the name of the front, slightly raised area, of a saddle?

Saddle : Map (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: An "English" style saddle used for riding horses. A saddle is a supportive structure for a rider or other load, fastened to an animal's back by a girth . The most common type is the equestrian saddle designed for a horse , but specialized saddles have been created for camels and other creatures. The earliest saddles were simple pads attached with a surcingle seen by 800 BC, with the saddle tree coming into use circa 200 BC, and paired stirrups by 322 A.D. Saddles in the styles seen today date back to the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, modern saddle comes in a wide variety of styles, each designed for a specific equestrianism discipline, and require careful fit to both the rider and the horse. Proper saddle care can extend the useful life of a saddle, often for decades. History and development There is evidence, though disputed, that man first began riding the horse not long after domestication , possibly as early as 4000 BC.. It is not known precisely when riders first began to use some sort of padding or protection, but a blanket attached by some form of surcingle was probably the first "saddle," followed later by more elaborate padded designs. The solid tree was a later invention, and though early stirrup designs predated the invention of the solid tree, the paired stirrup , which attached to the tree, was the last element of the saddle to reach the basic form that is still used today. From the earliest depictions, saddles became status symbols . To show off an individual's wealth and status, embellishments were added to saddles, including elaborate leatherwork, precious metals, jewels, and embroidery. Early Civilization Reconstructed Roman military saddle (4-horn design) It was not until about 700-800 BC that there is verifiable evidence that the first predecessor to the modern saddle was in use, thought to have been developed by the Assyrians , and consisting of a simple cloth fastened onto the horse with a surcingle . The Scythians also developed a saddle which included padding and decorative embellishments. Though they had neither a solid tree nor stirrups, these early treeless saddles and pads provided protection and comfort to the rider, with a slight increase in security. The Sarmatians also used saddles by about 300 BC, with the addition of a breastplate and a girth to help keep the saddle on. The development of the solid saddle tree was significant; it raised the rider above the horse's back, and distributed the rider's weight on either side of the animal's spine instead of pinpointing pressure at the rider's seat bones, reducing the force directed on any one part of the horse's back (lb/sq. in. or kg/sq. cm), thus greatly increasing the comfort of the horse and prolonging its useful life. The invention of the solid saddle tree also allowed development of the true stirrup as it is known today. Without a solid tree, the rider's weight in the stirrups creates abnormal pressure points and make the horse's back sore. Thermography studies on "treeless" and flexible tree saddle designs have found that there is considerable friction across the center line of a horse's back. In Asia, early solid-treed saddles were made of felt that covered a wooden frame. These designs date to approximately 200 BC. One of the earliest solid-treed saddles in the west was the "four horn" design, first used by the Romans as early as the first century BC. This design also did not have stirrups. The stirrup was one of the milestones in saddle development. The first stirrup-like object was invented in India in the second century BC, and consisted of a simple leather strap in which the rider's toe was placed. It offered very little support, however. The nomadic tribes in northern China are thought to have been the inventors of the modern stirrup, but the first dependable representation of a rider with paired stirrups was found in China in a Jin Dynasty tomb of about AD 322. The stirrup appeared to be in widespread use across China by 477 AD.


"The first English prince to bear the title ""Prince of Wales"" eventually became which King?"

Charles, Prince of Wales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!     Charles, Prince of Wales "Prince Charles" redirects here. For other people known as Prince Charles, see Prince Charles (disambiguation) . Prince Charles Prince of Wales; Scot : Duke of Rothesay Spouse Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor Titles HRH The Prince of Wales HRH The Duke of Cornwall HRH Prince Charles of Edinburgh Buckingham Palace , London The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor ; born Windsor , 14 November 1948 ), is the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . He is Heir Apparent to the respective thrones of the United Kingdom and the other 15 Commonwealth Realms . He has held the title of Prince of Wales since 1958, and is styled HRH The Prince of Wales, except in Scotland , where he is styled HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay , and (unofficially) in Cornwall, where he is known as "The Duke of Cornwall". Constitutionally, he is the first in line to the throne, but third in order of precedence , following his parents. The Prince of Wales is well-known for his extensive charity work, particularly for the Prince's Trust . He also carries out a full schedule of royal duties and, increasingly, is taking on more royal roles from his ageing parents. The Prince is also well known for his marriages to the late Diana, Princess of Wales and, subsequently, to Camilla, The Duchess of Cornwall . Contents Prince Charles was born on 14 November 1948 at Buckingham Palace . His father is The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , eldest son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Princess Alice of Battenberg . At the time of his birth, his mother was The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh , the elder daughter of King George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and his father was The Duke of Edinburgh (having not yet been created a Prince of the United Kingdom). His mother was Heiress Presumptive to the British throne at the time of the Prince's birth. The Prince was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 15 December 1948 by the Archbishop of Canterbury , Dr Geoffrey Fisher and his godparents were: King George VI , Queen Mary , Princess Margaret , the Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven , Hon. David Bowes-Lyon , Lady Brabourne , King Haakon VII of Norway (for whom the Earl of Athlone stood proxy) and Prince George of Greece (for whom Prince Philip stood proxy). Under letters patent issued by the Prince's great grandfather, King George V , the title of a British prince and the style His Royal Highness was only available to the children and grandchildren in the male-line of the sovereign and the eldest son of the Prince of Wales. As Charles was a female-line grandchild of the sovereign, he would have taken his title from his father, The Duke of Edinburgh, and would have been styled by courtesy as Earl of Merioneth . However the title of Prince and Princess, with the style HRH was granted to all the children of Princess Elizabeth by new letters patent issued by King George VI. In this way the children of the heiress presumptive had a royal and princely status not thought necessary for the children of King George VI's other daughter, Princess Margaret . Thus from birth Charles was known as His Royal Highness Prince Charles of Edinburgh. Styles of [ edit ] Early life In 1952, his mother assumed the throne, becoming Queen Elizabeth II . Prince Charles immediately became Duke of Cornwall under a charter of King Edward III , which gave that title to the Sovereign's eldest son, and was then referred to as HRH The Duke of Cornwall. He also became, in the Scottish Peerage, Duke of Rothesay , Earl of Carrick and Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland . The Duke of Cornwall was now the heir apparent to the throne. He attended his mother’s coronation at Westminster Abbey , sitting with his grandmother, Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother and his aunt, The Princess Margaret . [ edit ] School As with ro


In 1962, retired American racing driver Carroll Shelby got a licence to import a British sports car made by AC Motors of England and installed an American Ford engine rather than its original Bristol engine. He introduced the car to the American public as what model of car?

GT40’s – chassis by chassis | autooftheday GT40’s – chassis by chassis PART 2 – Individual Chassis GT/101 – 1964 Proto. fitted with 255 Cui engine   1/4/1964 – Ford Advanced Vehicles (FAV) 1964 – Le Mans Trials Schlesser Result:  Crashed & Destroyed 1964/65 – Chassis & Parts reused in another car ?? No longer exists   GT/102 – 1964 Proto. fitted with 255 Cui engine   11/4/1964 – Ford Advanced Vehicles (FAV) 1964 – Le Mans Trials Schlesser Crashed 1964 – Ring 1000KM Hill/ McLaren Retired 1964 – Le Mans Hill/ McLaren Retired 1964 – Rheims 12 Hours Hill/ McLaren Retired 1964 – Monza testing Crashed & Destroyed (throttle jammed) No longer exists   GT/103 – 1964 Proto. fitted with 255 Cui engine   June 1964 – Ford Advanced Vehicles (FAV) 1964 – Le Mans Ginther/ Gregory Retired 1964 – Rheims 12 Hours Ginther/ Gregory Retired 289 Cui engine fitted 1964 – Nassau TT Hill Retired 1964 – Nassau Governors Trophy Hill Retired Ownership passed to Shelby USA (SAI) 1965 – Daytona 2000KM 1965 Miles/ Ruby 1st 1965 – Sebring 12 Hours McLaren/ Miles 2nd 1965 – Le Mans Trials McLaren 1965 – Monza 1000KM McLaren/ Miles 3rd 325 Cui engine fitted 1965 – Ring 1000KM Hill Retired 289 Cui engine fitted 1965 – Bill Wonder USA (Retained until 2005) 1965 – Daytona 24 Hours Wonder/ Wetanson Retired 1966 – Sebring 12 Hours Wonder/ Caldwell Disq. 1967 – Daytona 24 Hours Wonder/ Caldwell 8th 1967 – Sebring 12 Hours Wonder/ Caldwell Retired 1968 – Daytona 24 Hours Wonder/ Cuomo Retired 1968 – Sebring 12 Hours Wonder/ Cuomo DNS. 1969 – Daytona 24 Hours Wonder/ Cuomo DNS. 1970 – Daytona 24 Hours Wonder/ Cuomo 8th 2004 – Symbolic Motors Corp. offered @ USD$ 3.0 mil. 2005 – RM Auctions (Monterey) SOLD for USD$2.5 mil. 2005 – Larry Miller Collection (More information here: http://www.rmauctions.com/CarDetails.cfm?SaleCode=MO05&CarID=r103 )   Courtesy of SCM Magazine – This 1964 Ford GT40 Prototype sold for $2,502,500 at RM’s Monterey sale, held August 20, 2005. This car is a prime example of one of the great dilemmas facing the collector car hobby: What is the “correct” specification for vintage race cars? While street cars come from the factory and don’t change, racing cars can evolve over time, particularly if they have long careers. My favorite thing about racing is that it revolves around the accumulation of knowledge and the development of technology. A race car stands as a clear example of the best machine that a very smart, very motivated group of people could create using the knowledge, technology and materials that were available to them at that particular moment in time. As such, a race car is a cultural artifact, a relic of immense historical interest and value. This is, admittedly, a purist point of view. In the days when race cars actually lasted for more than one season, they were not considered artifacts. They were tools, weapons for the battle, and anything that could be done to make them faster or better was done. This divergence in attitude persists in contemporary vintage racing, with some organizations (notably the FIA) trying to preserve cars to a “point in time” specification while the “I gotta run at the front” crowd tries to find ways to make a 1964 car go as fast as a 1970 one. The GT40 Prototype pictured here started out as Ford’s original concept of what the GT40 should be-however flawed that was-but over its racing life was modified so that today little remains of the original car that left the factory, save its chassis number. Whoever won the battle to own this car spent an absolutely scandalous amount of money to do so, presumably placing far more importance on the history of the car than the current historical correctness of the vehicle. So what was actually purchased here? There seems to be no question that this car really is S/N 103, apparently in single ownership since it left Ford Advanced Vehicles in 1966. There is no suggestion that it was ever crashed or seriously damaged, so the tub is original and serviceable. The car is back in its blue and white Daytona livery, and has a very nice patina. Everything else, however, is j


What were the titles of the first two novels by Donna Tartt?

The Secret History by Donna Tartt, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® Meet the author Overview Donna Tartt, winner of the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for her most recent novel, The Goldfinch, established herself as a major talent with The Secret History, which has become a contemporary classic. Under the influence of their charismatic classics professor, a group of clever, eccentric misfits at an elite New England college discover a way of thinking and living that is a world away from the humdrum existence of their contemporaries. But when they go beyond the boundaries of normal morality their lives are changed profoundly and forever, and they discover how hard it can be to truly live and how easy it is to kill. Advertising Editorial Reviews From the Publisher “The Secret History succeeds magnificently. . . . A remarkably powerful novel [and] a ferociously well-paced entertainment. . . . Forceful, cerebral, and impeccably controlled.” --The New York Times “An accomplished psychological thriller. . . . Absolutely chilling. . . . Tartt has a stunning command of the lyrical.” --The Village Voice “Beautifully written, suspenseful from start to finish.” --Vogue “A haunting, compelling, and brilliant piece of fiction. . . . Packed with literary allusion and told with a sophistication and texture that owes much more to the nineteenth century than to the twentieth.” --The Times (London) “Her writing bewitches us. . . . The Secret History is a wonderfully beguiling book, a journey backward to the fierce and heady friendships of our school days, when all of us believed in our power to conjure up divinity and to be forgiven any sin.” --The Philadephia Inquirer “Enthralling. . . . A remarkably powerful novel [and] a ferociously wll-paced entertainment. . . . Forceful, cerebral, and impeccably controlled.” --The New York Times Book Review “A huge, mesmerizing, galloping read, pleasurably devoured. . . . .Gorgeously written, relentlessly erudite.” –Vanity Fair Publishers Weekly - Publisher's Weekly What People are Saying About This From the Publisher “The Secret History succeeds magnificently. . . . A remarkably powerful novel [and] a ferociously well-paced entertainment. . . . Forceful, cerebral, and impeccably controlled.” The New York Times “An accomplished psychological thriller. . . . Absolutely chilling. . . . Tartt has a stunning command of the lyrical.” The Village Voice “Beautifully written, suspenseful from start to finish.” Vogue “A haunting, compelling, and brilliant piece of fiction. . . . Packed with literary allusion and told with a sophistication and texture that owes much more to the nineteenth century than to the twentieth.” The Times (London) “Her writing bewitches us. . . . The Secret History is a wonderfully beguiling book, a journey backward to the fierce and heady friendships of our school days, when all of us believed in our power to conjure up divinity and to be forgiven any sin.” The Philadephia Inquirer “Enthralling. . . . A remarkably powerful novel [and] a ferociously wll-paced entertainment. . . . Forceful, cerebral, and impeccably controlled.” The New York Times Book Review “A huge, mesmerizing, galloping read, pleasurably devoured. . . . .Gorgeously written, relentlessly erudite.” –Vanity Fair Show More Meet the Author Donna Tartt won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for her most recent Novel. The Goldfinch Her novelsl The Secret History and The Little Friend were also international bestsellers. She was born in Greenwood, Mississippi, and is a graduate of Bennington College. Brief Biography


Fairy rock chimneys are a feature of Colorado and the Badlands in North America, the south of France, Taiwan, and Serbia and also, with houses carved from the formations, where?

Hoodoo (geology) : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki More info on Hoodoo (geology)   Wikis       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Did you know ... hoodoos are tall skinny spires of rock that protrude from the bottom of arid basins and badlands ? From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Hoodoo . Hoodoos in Bryce Canyon National Park , Utah (2007). A hoodoo (also tent rock, fairy chimney, earth pyramid) is a tall thin spire of rock that protrudes from the bottom of an arid drainage basin or badland . Hoodoos are composed of soft sedimentary rock and are topped by a piece of harder, less easily-eroded stone that protects the column from the elements. They are mainly located in the desert in dry, hot areas. In common usage, the difference between hoodoos and pinnacles or spires is that hoodoos have a variable thickness often described as having a " totem pole -shaped body." A spire, on the other hand, has a smoother profile or uniform thickness that tapers from the ground upward. (Geology purists do note that only a tall formation should be called a hoodoo; any other shape is called a 'hoodoo rock'.) Hoodoos range in size from that of an average human to heights exceeding a 10-story building. Hoodoo shapes are affected by the erosional patterns of alternating hard and softer rock layers. Minerals deposited within different rock types cause hoodoos to have different colors throughout their height. Contents 7 Further reading Occurrence Hoodoos are commonly found in the High Plateaus region of the Colorado Plateau and in the Badlands regions of the Northern Great Plains (both in North America ). While hoodoos are scattered throughout these areas, nowhere in the world are they as abundant as in the northern section of Bryce Canyon National Park , located in the U.S. state of Utah (see geology of the Bryce Canyon area ). Hoodoos are a tourist attraction in the Cappadocia region of Turkey where houses have been carved from these formations. These rock formations were depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 50 new lira banknote of 2005-2009. [1] [2] [3] Đavolja Varoš (Devil's Town) hoodoos in Serbia feature 202 exotic formations described as earth pyramids or "towers", as the locals refer to them. Since 1959, Đavolja Varoš has been protected by the state, and it is also a nominee in the New Seven Wonders of Nature campaign. [4] The hoodoo stones on the northern coast of Taiwan are unusual for their coastal setting. The stones formed as the seabed rose rapidly out of the ocean during the Miocene era . [5] Efforts have been made to slow the erosion in the case of iconic specimens in Wanli . Formation The geology of areas where fairy chimneys form typically comprises a thick layer of tuff (consolidated volcanic ash), covered by a thin layer of basalt or other volcanic rocks that are more resistant to erosion than the underlying tuff. Over time, cracks in the basalt allow the much softer tuff to be eroded and washed away. Fairy chimneys are formed where a small cap or boulder of the original basalt remains, and protects a cone of tuff beneath it from erosion. Eventually, the tuff will be undercut to the extent that the cap falls off, and the remaining cone is then quickly eroded. Hoodoos around the world


Guru Nanak established what in India in the late 15th and early 16th centuries?

Sikh Temple of the Fox Valley Joins ESTHER | ESTHER Home Sikh Temple of the Fox Valley Joins ESTHER ESTHER welcomes the Sikh Temple of the Fox Valley as a new faith-community member of ESTHER. The Menasha-based temple is led by Priest Bhagwant Singh Balli and Dr. Kamaljit Paul, president of the Board of Trustees. Sunday services at the temple are open to everyone (with heads covered, out of respect) and are usually followed by a meal. Sikism is a monotheistic, South Asian religion based on the teachings of Guru Nanak and his followers. Nanak lived near what is now the border between India and Pakistan in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. In a caste-ridden society, Guru Nanak rejected the idea of caste, and ate with all people. He taught that salvation comes not from extreme religious practices or rituals, but from living one’s ordinary life in an ethical way. He also taught that all people are equal and that one should be generous in giving to the poor. Even today, at the Golden Temple in Amritsar—the most important center of the Sikh religion—members of the congregation serve a free meal each day to more than 50,000 people, and everyone eats together with no separation of castes. To learn more, visit:


According to Greek legend, who was the muse of history?

Mythology « Krewe of Muses Member Login Mythology The Muses are the Greek goddesses who presided over the arts and sciences. They were believed to inspire artists, especially poets, philosophers and musicians. Daughters of Zeus, king of the gods, and Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory, they were born at the foot of Mount Olympus in Pieria. Their name denotes ‘memory’ or ‘a reminder’, since early poets had no books to read from and thus relied on memory alone. The Muses: Clio, Euterpe and Thalia Eustache Le Sueur Musée du Louvre, Paris The number of Muses varies through history. Initially there was only one, and later there is mention of three: Melete, Mneme, and Aoede. Ultimately there become nine muses: Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polyhymnia, Terpsichore, Thalia, and Urania. These nine are the muses that our Krewe celebrates. Each is associated with a particular domain. Each year we select a muse and an “honorary muse” from our community in that domain. All learning was under the patronage of the Muses. Schools commonly had shrines to the Muses, and any place dedicated to them was known as a mouseion, the source of our word “museum”. Areas with many wells and springs were places where the Muses were most frequently venerated throughout Greece. The area of Boeotia, near Helicon, remained the favorite place of the Muses, and there they were more adored than elsewhere. It is also the place of two wells that were sacred to them, Aganippe and Hippocrene. Mount Helicon was sacred to the Muses. Sacrifices to the Muses were of water, milk or honey. Apollo, the god of music and harmony, became their leader, thus earning the name musagetes. Their companions are the Charities, the Horae, Eros, Dionysus, Apollo, Aphrodite, Harmonia, and Desire. Athena caught and tamed the winged horse Pegasus and gave him to the Muses. Some of their disciples included the Sphinx who learned her riddle from the Muses, Aristaeus, who learned the arts of healing and prophecy from them, and Echo, who was taught by them to play music. The Muses sat near the throne of Zeus, and sang of his honor as well as the honor of great heroes. We get words such as music, museum, and mosaic from “muse”. The Muses: Melpomene, Erato and Polymnia Eustache Le Sueur


Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe were better known as what when they hit #1 in 1984 in the UK, Canada and the USA?

Pet Shop Boys Discography at Discogs Report The Pet Shop Boys survived one-hit wonder status after the mega success of "West End Girls" by bringing elegant melancholy, ironic humor and cinematic orchestrations to electronic Euro-Dance. While Chris Lowe handles the BPMs and all the electronic gadgets, much of their success is due to Neil Tennant, who has a detached, John Lennon-esque vocal style and a love of such downbeat troubadours as Joni Mitchell and Neil Young. While the excellent Behavior (1990) got them as far away from the dancefloor as they are ever likely to go, Nightlife sounds unimaginatively like the modern disco their critics believe them to hack out. Report edited 3 months ago I think a lot of old fans are very hard on the Pet Shop Boys. YES "Please", "Disco", "Actually" and even "Introspective" were flawless, then came "Behavio(u)r" : I had a hard time with this one, I must admit, but still, some hits and very good songs were still there, remember "So Hard", "The End Of The World" and "...Seriously" : album version of course, I'll never forgive Brothers In Rhythms for their suicidal single remix. Do you know how to kill a powerful hit ? Ask BIR, they have the recipe for sure. After "Behavio(u)r" and the "Discography" singles compilation, I thought they were done. "Was It Worth It" was just a pale Stock/Aitken/Waterman soundalike. It was the end of Phase One. Then came "Very" and they proved for the first time that they were capable of geniously re-invent themselves. It was so dance, so joyful again, I really thought they were like reborn. Even the United States who seemed to bury them after the so-called so gay music video of "Domino Dancing" couldn't escape the wave of the massive hit single "Go West" : their masterful cover of the Village People song. Personally I think there are good songs on each and every one of their albums, it's just a matter of taste. Yes even on "Bilingual" that a lot of fans hate, I still loved "Up Against It" or "A Red Letter Day". But I agree that their darkest hour has been 1996-2006 with "Bilingual" : meh, "Nightlife" : too cluby even though I still love tracks there "For Your Own Good", "Happiness Is An Option", "Vampires" and of course "I Don't Know What You Want But I Can't Give it Anymore" : which I love very much even though this one has probably the longest single title in music's history along with Bonnie Tyler's "Loving You Is A Dirty Job (But Somebody's Got To Do It) lol. And the dreadful "Release" was well, released : it's the one album where they thought they were like "The Beatles" : I only like "Home And Dry" there. I'm not much of a Lennon fan, so... As for "Fundamental", it's a very very dark release, very political, controversial. "Minimal" is very nice but the only very good song there "Integral" has been ruined by an awful single remix vocodered to death (a powerful hit ruined by a truly horrid single remix, it's "How Can You Expect To Be Taken Seriously" all over again !). But with "Yes" they were back in good shape again (it was almost like "Very" volume 2, cheerful songs all over again (finally!), then came "Elysium" and then again I thought they were done, even though I loved "Leaving" and "Memory Of The Future" but this release was bleak, bleak, bleak... And with "Electric" and "Super" they proved us once again that they were still a dance music force to be reckoned with : "Thursday" was back from where "West End Girls" came from, "Love Is A Bourgeois Construct" reminded us of "Left To My Own Devices" : classical music to a disco beat again, yeah !, "Axis" and "Burn" brought back their techno roots... ...and finally "Twenty-Something" is the best song they have ever made since their Imperial Phase (1985-1988). Even my sister who buried them since "Being Boring" yelled "Yeah the Pet Shop Boys are finally back !" when she heard this one ! They are today as good as they were before, the thing is, I think, they don't want to be successful again (for a reason that eludes me). Because to be fair, one must admit that since "Fundamental" some very good songs a


Barabas is the central character in what 16th century play?

The Jew of Malta Characters | GradeSaver Write a note on the character of Barabas Barabas The protagonist of the play, father of Abigall. In the New Testament, Barabas is the murderer who is released from prison instead of Jesus (see Luke 23:19-23). Asked by dr. jai ram j #342668 Answered by jill d #170087 on 10/25/2013 6:52 AM SUMMARY OF THE MONOLOGUE OF THE JEW IN ACT1 SCENE 1 Barabas' day starts out well when he receives the news that his good have arrived at the port and are ready to be unloaded. Shortly after he's notified that he must go to the senate house where he learns that every Jew residing on the... Asked by koushik d #173721 Answered by jill d #170087 on 11/21/2011 2:16 PM what are the character traits of Barabas in 'Jew of Malta'? the traits of barabas was was to gain back his riches and also he sent his daughter to join the nuns so that his she can collects his riches, another traits was that he planned he wrote a letter to lodwick saying it comes from Mathias and also he... Asked by koushik d #173721 Answered by ayanda n #192713 on 7/14/2011 7:59 AM


The last episode of 13 years of what popular US TV series was broadcast in 1991?

Dallas (TV Series 1978–1991) - IMDb IMDb Community LATEST HEADLINES There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The soapy, backstabbing machinations of Dallas oil magnate J.R. Ewing and his family. Creator: J.R.'s friends, family, and business associates have had enough of his dirty dealings, and many of them vow revenge. Bobby is especially angry as he and Pam leave Southfork. 9.0 J.R. becomes the focus of accumulated hatreds in Southfork. A desperate search ensues for both Miss Ellie and Jessica while the fate of Peter is left in Sue Ellen's hands. 8.7 The happiness on Pam and Mark's wedding day soon fades as J.R.'s attempt to outwit Angelica may have come too late to save Jack's life and jeopardizes Sue Ellen's life as well. 8.5 a list of 30 titles created 25 Dec 2010 a list of 33 titles created 03 Apr 2011 a list of 26 titles created 19 Aug 2012 a list of 43 titles created 19 Aug 2012 a list of 26 titles created 09 Feb 2015 Search for " Dallas " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Golden Globe. Another    46 wins & 80 nominations. See more awards  » Videos The trials and tribulations of two feuding families, the Carringtons and the Colbys, both oil rich families in Denver, Colorado. Stars: John Forsythe, Linda Evans, Joan Collins Set in the vineyards of California, this prime-time soap opera featured the conflict within the powerful Gioberti family, owners of the vast Falcon Crest Winery. Stars: Jane Wyman, Lorenzo Lamas, Chao Li Chi The next generation of the Ewing family - cousins John Ross Ewing and Christopher Ewing - clash over the family's oil business and vast fortune. Stars: Josh Henderson, Jesse Metcalfe, Jordana Brewster Gary and Valene Ewing, relatives of the Ewing clan of Dallas, arrive in Knots Landing to make a new home for themselves. However, scheming Abby Fairgate-Cunningham later breaks up their marriage when she seduces Gary. Stars: Michele Lee, Ted Shackelford, Joan Van Ark The lives and loves of a group of young adults living in "Melrose Place" in California. Each with their own dreams and drives, the inevitable conflicts, conquests, and consummations ensue. Stars: Heather Locklear, Andrew Shue, Courtney Thorne-Smith It has been two years since Bobby and Sue Ellen Ewing took over control of Ewing Oil. Although J.R. is successfully managing a large oil conglomerate, he wants to once again own his ... See full summary  » Director: Michael Preece Dallas: J.R. Returns (TV Movie 1996) Drama     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6/10 X   Years after J.R. Ewing lost Ewing Oil and apparently committed suicide, we learn that he is alive and well. He returns to Dallas, and plots to bring his family back together, and regain control of Ewing Oil from arch-enemy Cliff Barnes. Director: Leonard Katzman The romantic and comic tales of the passengers and crew of the cruise ship, Pacific Princess. Stars: Gavin MacLeod, Bernie Kopell, Ted Lange The adventures of three sexy female private eyes. Stars: Kate Jackson, Farrah Fawcett, Jaclyn Smith Follows a group of friends living in Beverly Hills, California, from their school days and into adulthood. Stars: Jason Priestley, Shannen Doherty, Luke Perry Edit Storyline Popular evening 'soap-opera' style television drama. The show was set in Dallas and chronicled the exploits of wealthy Texas oil millionaires. Many of the plots revolved around shady business dealings and dysfunctional family dynamics. Written by Tad Dibbern <DIBBERN_D@a1.mscf.upenn.edu> 2 April 1978 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Mono | Stereo (CBS StereoSound) (seasons 12-14)| Mono (seasons 1-11) Color: Did You Know? Trivia When Jim Davis died in 1981, it was decided to write him off by first having his character, Jock Ewing, disappear in the Amazon and eventually having him


Who is the most recent actor, up to 2015, to play the part of James Bond in films?

Next James Bond Actor - Who Will Be the Next James Bond Actor? By Matt Patches Aug 20, 2015 In Ian Fleming's novel From Russia with Love, evildoer General Grubozaboyschikov receives a file on his latest target. "'Name: Bond, James. Height: 183cm; weight: 76 kilograms; slim build; eyes: blue; hair: black; scar down right cheek and on left shoulder; signs of plastic surgery on back of right hand; all-round athlete; expert pistol shot, boxer, knife-thrower; does not use disguises. Languages: French and German. Smokes heavily; vices: drink, but not to excess, and women. Not thought to accept bribes." In Casino Royale, Vesper Lynd boils down the profile to simply, "reminds me rather of Hoagy Carmichael ." Who, or what, is James Bond? It's a debate that's raged since producers first cast Sean Connery in Dr. No. And with recent news that Spectre actor Daniel Craig could pass the mantle to a fresh face sometime in the immediate future, the talk rages again. As since we pride ourselves with having a knowledge of fine suits, fine drinks, and fine living—those pillar qualities of Bond—we had a few ideas: Advertisement - Continue Reading Below The Constant Dream Bond: Idris Elba Once Americans found out The Wire star was actually a Brit—and was killing it on his BBC series Luther—Elba became the choice pick for reigniting and diversifying the Bond franchise. That was all when Daniel Craig first took over the 007 mantle. A decade later, the possibility looks remote. "Honestly, it's a rumor that's really starting to eat itself," Elba told an audience at London's British Film Institute just this April. "If there was ever any chance of me getting Bond, it's gone." Film Magic Jon Kopaloff The Betting Man's Bond: Damian Lewis English bookmakers William Hill PLC recently announced that Lewis took the lead in their on-going "Next Bond" poll after an unprovoked spike. Do insiders know something the world doesn't? The Homeland star would be our first redheaded Bond, a concept that's easier to stomach when you see him in this 2012 Jaguar commercial . But let's say Craig is out after Spectre. Lewis is 45, just a few years shy of 007's current age. Add a few years for a Bond 25 to actually go into production and the fantasy starts looking Roger Moore-esque. Lewis has the hop in his step, but his stamina is a big question mark. WireImage Danny Martindale Advertisement - Continue Reading Below The Voice-Approved Bond: David Oyelowo Not only is the Selma actor dapper, thoughtful, and physically capable enough to play Bond, there's precedent for him nabbing the role. Or, there will be: The Guardian recently announced that the Fleming estate hired Oyelowo to voice its new 007 novel, Trigger Mortis (easily the worst title in literary history). Giving Bond a fresh voice is the biggest hurdle each new leading man faces. Oyelowo has a head start. Corbis Louis Fisher/Retna Ltd. The Wishful-Thinking Bond: Michael Fassbender Everyone wants Fassy, but no one's getting Fassy. Actors make a name for themselves playing James Bond. As thrilling as it might be to see a secret agent with the intensity of Fassbender's Magneto, the lustful power of his Rochester in Jane Eyre, and the raw, phyiscal energy he inhabited for 12 Years a Slave, there's no turning the actor backward. He's on a star path, producing his own blockbusters (Assassin's Creed) and filling the gaps with passion projects. Besides, we got our Fassbender spy movie: Steven Soderbergh's criminally under-seen Haywire. WireImage Venturelli Advertisement - Continue Reading Below The Reasonably Star-Powered Bond: Tom Hiddleston When Craig hangs up his tuxedo jacket and calls it a run, Hiddleston will likely be in the same boat as Fassbender: too busy, too daring, and too famous to take over Bond. If he's not coming back to the Marvel universe as Loki, he'll be in-demand with another fresh franchise. But that's the beauty of the imagining. Hiddleston would shake (not stir) the Bond formula with physique alone. He's a wiry guy, a classic English mold that never found a place in the Bond pantheon. If the nex


The first recording sighting of the Australian mainland and landfall by a European, was in 1606 by whom?

European discovery of Australia - School A to Z European discovery of Australia Key points When European sailors began entering ‘Australian' waters in the early 1600s, they called it Terra Australis Incognita (unknown land of the South). Between 1606 and 1770 more than 50 European ships made landfall on Australian soil, which was then inhabited solely by Indigenous people. Navigator and astronomer Captain James Cook claimed the whole of the east coast of Australia for Great Britain on 22 August 1770, naming eastern Australia 'New South Wales'. School A to Z features links to third-party websites and resources. We are not responsible for the content of external sites . Joseph Fowles, Ship in Full Sail Passing Sydney Head. Courtesy National Library of Australia's Picture Collections. Who discovered Australia?   The most significant exploration of Australia in the 17th century was by the Dutch . It was around this time the Dutch East India Company was trading with islands that now make up Indonesia. The first ship and crew to chart part of the Australian coast (the west coast of Cape York Peninsular in Queensland) and meet with Aboriginal people was the  Duyfken , in 1606, captained by Dutchman Willem Janszoon. In 1629, the Dutch ship the Batavia made history when it struck coral reefs on the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, 40 kilometres off the Western Australian coast. A failed bloodthirsty mutiny, orchestrated by some of the ship's crew, resulted in two of the youngest mutineers being sentenced to be marooned on the Australian mainland, effectively making them the first European residents of Australia. Other explorers of the time included Dirk Hartog and Frederick de Houtman (Dutch), Louis Antoine de Bougainville (French) and William Dampier (English). In 1642, Dutchman Abel Tasman discovered Van Dieman's Land, now named Tasmania, before returning on another voyage in 1644, when he passed the coast of Australia naming it Nova Hollandia (New Holland). Navigator and astronomer Captain James Cook set out in 1768 on the HM Bark Endeavour bound for Tahiti. The official voyage was to observe the Transit of Venus from a location in the South Seas. Unofficially, the voyage was to seek out ' a Continent or Land of great extent '.  Under direction from King George III of England, Captain Cook was given instructions that "with the consent of the natives to take possession of convenient situations in the country". If he found it to be uninhabited (terra nullius), he was simply to "take possession for His Majesty by setting up proper marks and inscriptions as first discoverers and possessors". In 1770, Captain Cook 'discovered' the south east coast of Australia, landing in Botany Bay. On 22 August 1770, he claimed the whole of the east coast of Australia at Possession Island, naming eastern Australia New South Wales. "Notwithstanding[ing] I had in the Name of His Majesty taken possession of several places upon this coast, I now once more hoisted English Coulers and in the Name of His Majesty King George the Third took possession of the whole Eastern Coast ... by the name New South Wales, together with all the Bays, Harbours Rivers and Islands situate upon the said coast, after which we fired three Volleys of small Arms which were Answerd by the like number from the Ship." Despite Cook's actions, there were more than 250 tribes of Aboriginal people living on the land, each with their own language, customs, laws and territorial boundaries.


Charles Lindberg's first transatlantic flight was between which two cities?

Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis, Charles A. Lindbergh Ryan NYP "Spirit of St. Louis" Cockpit in Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall "Our messenger of peace and goodwill has broken down another barrier of time and space." So spoke President Calvin Coolidge about Charles A. Lindbergh’s extraordinary solo transatlantic flight in 1927. Not until the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969 was the entire world again as enthusiastic about an aviation event as it was when Lindbergh landed his little Ryan monoplane in Paris. Spirit of St. Louis Nose of the Ryan NYP "Spirit of St. Louis". After his historic nonstop solo transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh took the aircraft first on a US tour and then on a goodwill flight to Central and South America.  Flags of the countries he visited were painted on the cowling. The Spirit of St. Louis arrives at the Smithsonian The Spirit of St. Louis went on public display on May 13, 1928, one week short of the first anniversary of Lindbergh’s epic transatlantic flight. Spirit of St. Louis lowered for conservation The Spirit of St. Louis was lowered January 14, 2015 as part of the Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall renovation. Visitors can observe the Museum’s conservation staff while they clean and preserve the artifact. Spirit of St. Louis lowered to gallery floor The Spirit of St. Louis was lowered January 14, 2015 as part of the Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall renovation. Visitors can observe the museum’s conservation staff while they clean and preserve the artifact. Spirit of St. Louis on the gallery floor The Spirit of St. Louis was lowered January 14, 2015 as part of the Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall renovation. Visitors can observe the museum’s conservation staff while they clean and preserve the artifact. Spirit of St. Louis in the Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall In January of 2015, the Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis was lowered to the ground to begin assessing it for conservation work. "Spirit of St. Louis" Lowered in Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall The "Spirit of St. Louis" was lowered to the floor of the Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall" on January 14, 2015 as part of the exhibition's renovation.  "Spirit of St. Louis" Signatures Close-up of signatures etched onto the Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis. Detail of the "Spirit of St. Louis" Close-up shot of the the Ryan NYP "Spirit of St. Louis." Spirit of St. Louis in Exhibition Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis on the floor of the Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall. Spirit of St. Louis in Arts & Industries Building Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis was installed in the North Hall of the Smithsonian Institution's Arts & Industries Building on May 13, 1928.  It was suspended just above the exhibit cases and its popularity with the public brought new attention to aeronautical collection from Smithsonian leadership. Paul Garber, who collected the aircraft and most of the early aeronautical collectton, recalled years later that acquiring the Spirit of St. Louis was "the turning point," and it "gave a much greater breadth to the subject of aeronautics" within the Smithsonian Institution. Featured in National Air and Space Museum: An Autobiography The Crew of the NC-4 after the Historic Flight Lindbergh wasn't the first to fly across the Atlantic. In fact, more than 100 people made the journey before him. But he was the first to do it solo. The crew of the NC-4, shown here, completed the flight successfully, reaching Plymouth, England via Lisbon, Portugal on May 31, 1919. Juan Trippe and Charles A. Lindbergh Juan Trippe (left) and Charles A. Lindbergh standing in front of a Pan American Airways Fokker F.10 Trimotor. Lindbergh's famous flight highlighted the potential of long distance flight. Aircraft industry stocks rose in value and interest in commercial aviation skyrocketed in the United States.  Lindbergh's Periscope in the Spirit of St. Louis The Spirit of St. Louis had no windscreen. Lindbergh used a periscope on the left side of the a