Jazz musician McCoy Tyner plays which instrument?

McCoy Tyner: Guitars McCoy Tyner: Guitars Sign in to view read count McCoy Tyner Half Note Records 2008 It's amazing that the concept of McCoy Tyner recording with a guitarist has never come up before. After all, the legendary piano man has done just about everything else, with and without former employer, saxophonist John Coltrane. Now we have Guitars, which mixes Tyner and a Hall of Fame rhythm section with a truly diverse group of string-driven all-stars. The result is an engrossing chronicle (both musical and visual) of the artist's process. In many respects, Guitars is a study in fearlessness. Other than the fact that they play stringed instruments, there is little that links the session's five guest players, and this theoretically puts Tyner in a different creative space with each new arrival. Also, while some of the tracks are either written by Tyner or associated with him, all the music was suggested by Tyner's guests. Again in theory, those conditions should give the guest artists the advantage in the session. Unfortunately for the guests, that theory falls to the ground in the face of Tyner's aforementioned rhythm sectionbassist Ron Carter and drummer Jack DeJohnette. Going up against that trio is like finding yourself in a mixed martial arts match with Iron Man, The Thing, and The Incredible Hulk. And therein lays the fearlessness of the guests. Standing toe to toe with players whose names were burned into musical history long ago (in Derek Trucks' case, before he was even born) has to have been an intoxicating proposition. And it has to be said that the session's overall results are quite stunning, even though the guestsfor the most partbecome simple sidemen at Tyner's party. John Scofieldwho can (and does) play anything without losing his tonal identityslips into the trio's musical space like a man donning a favorite jacket, ripping through delightfully aggressive takes on Coltrane's "Mr. P.C." and Tyner's "Blues on the Corner." On the other hand, Bill Frisell brings the session closer to his comfort zone on "Boubacar" and "Baba Drame," two Frisell compositions from the meditative disc The Intercontinentals (Nonesuch, 2003). Both tunes have the hypnotic, Zen-like airiness of the original recordings, but Carter's concrete foundation and DeJohnette's ever-busy filling gives the latter tune heft and drama the original never had. While Scofield and Frisell's cuts are all about collaboration, Marc Ribot and Bela Fleck's respective sections are more about domination. Ribot's alt-jazz snarlings are the polar opposite of the straight-up bebop the trio lays down, which gives Tyner's "Passion Dance" a wild, untamed atmosphere; but on "500 Miles," Ribot's snarl is reduced to a relative whimper, with the piece staying firmly in Tyner's wheelhouse despite Ribot doing the arrangement. Surprisingly, Fleck comes out the worst of the five guests, even though two of his three pieces came from his pen. Despite Fleck's ever-creative voicings, he is consistently plowed under by the three-headed juggernaut on the other side of the studio. And whatever possessed Fleck to attempt "My Favorite Things" using the waltzing arrangement associated with Coltrane's transcendant recording? There's no way anyone can win in that situation, andput simplyFleck doesn't. Trucks could have fallen into the same trap on "Greensleeves," which features an arrangement similar to the one on Coltrane's Africa/Brass (Impulse, 1961). What saves Trucks is Guitars' quartet setting, leaving the musicians free to explore without the unwieldy horns producer Creed Taylor strapped to the original. Here's where Guitars' DVD shows the listener what might have been: during a rehearsal onstage at the Blue Note, Tyner and Fleck play "My Favorite Things" as a duet, giving the piece a more intimate, textured feel. Guitars already had Tyner playing three duets (two with Ribot, one with Frisell); if "Favorite" had also been recorded in duo form, both Fleck and the CD would have benefited. The main attraction of the DVD is video of one track by each of the guests, a


What is the most northerly county of the Irish Republic?

Ireland Geographical Facts, Figures and Physical Extremities This page gives some of the physical extremities of Ireland Most northerly point* The most northerly point is Inishtrahull Island, situated in the Atlantic   Ocean 7 km north of Inishowen Peninsula, county Donegal. It lies at latitude 55.43�N. Of   mainland Ireland, the most northerly point is a headland 2 km northeast of Malin Head,   Inishowen Peninsula, county Donegal. It lies at latitude 55.38�N. Most easterly point The most easterly point is Big Bow Meel Island, which is a rock situated   900 metres off the Ards Peninsula, county Down, at longitude 5.42�W. Of mainland Ireland,   the most easterly point is Burr Point, Ards Peninsula, county Down at longitude 5.43�W.   It is situated 2 km southeast of the village of Ballyhalbert. Most southerly point The most southerly point is Fastnet Rock, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean   11.3 km south of mainland county Cork. It lies at latitude 51.37�N. Of mainland Ireland,   the most southerly point is Brow Head, county Cork, which lies 3.8 km east of the marginly   more northerly Mizen Head. It lies at latitude 51.43�N. Most westerly point* The most westerly point is Tearaght Island, which lies in the Atlantic   Ocean 12.5 km west of Dingle Peninsula, county Kerry. It lies at longitude 10.70�W. Of   mainland Ireland, the most westerly point is Garraun Point, Dingle Peninsula, county Kerry   which is 2.5 km northwest of Slea Head. It lies at longitude 10.51�W. Geographical Centres The geographical centre of Ireland is to be found in eastern county Roscommon,     at a point 3km (2 miles) south of Athlone town. The centre of Ulster is in county Tyrone, at a point 20km (14 miles) east of     Omagh town, near the village of Pomeroy. The centre of Munster is in the north of county Cork, at a point 9km (6 miles)     south-west of the village of Rath Luirc. The centre of Leinster is in western county Kildare, at a point 5km (3 miles)     south-west of Kildare town. The centre of Connaught is in county Mayo, 6km (4 miles) south-east of the     pilgrim village of Knock. The centre of Northern Ireland is in eastern county Tyrone, at a point 6km (4     miles) south-east of the town of Cookstown. The centre of the Republic of Ireland is in south-eastern county Galway, at a     point 3km (2 miles) south-west of the village of Eyrecourt. Highest altitude The summit of Mt Carrantuohill, county Kerry, rises to 1,041 metres (3414   feet) above sea level. The second highest point is the summit of Mt Beenkeragh, county   Kerry, which rises to 1,010 metres (3314 feet) above sea level. The highest point in   Northern Ireland is the summit of Slieve Donard, county Down, which rises to 852 metres   (2796 feet) above sea level, and is the 8th highest peak in Ireland. Tallest sea cliffs The sea cliffs at Croaghaun, Achill Island off western Ireland fall 668   metres (2,192 feet) into the Atlantic Ocean. Slieve League in county Donegal has a drop of   601 metres (1,972 feet) into the same ocean. Both cliffs are almost twice the height of   the Eiffel Tower in Paris. However, as there is no vantage point to see the cliffs at   Achill Island the Donegal cliffs are more famous. (thanks to Michele of irelandyes.com for this   information) Most populated county The most heavily populated county is county Dublin, with 1,056,666   inhabitants at the last estimate. The next most heavily populated county is Antrim, with   566,400 inhabitants. Most densely populated county The most densely populated county is county Dublin, with 1147.3   inhabitants per square kilometre at the last estimate. The next most densely populated is   county Antrim, with 199.2 inhabitants per square kilometre. Least populated county The county with the fewest inhabitants is county Leitrim with just 25,032   inhabitants at the last estimate. The next lowest is county Longford with 30,128   inhabitants. Most sparsely populated county The most sparsely populated county in Ireland is Leitrim, with a


What is the literary term for deliberate understatement?

Understatement - definition of understatement by The Free Dictionary Understatement - definition of understatement by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/understatement Also found in: Thesaurus , Legal , Wikipedia . un·der·state·ment  (ŭn′dər-stāt′mənt, ŭn′dər-stāt′-) n. 1. A disclosure or statement that is less than complete. 2. Restraint or lack of emphasis in expression, as for rhetorical effect. 3. Restraint in artistic expression. understatement (ˌʌndəˈsteɪtmənt) n the act or an instance of stating something in restrained terms, or as less than it is ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: 1. understatement - a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said statement - a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc; "according to his statement he was in London on that day" litotes , meiosis - understatement for rhetorical effect (especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary); "saying `I was not a little upset' when you mean `I was very upset' is an example of litotes" overstatement , exaggeration , magnification - making to seem more important than it really is understatement 2. restraint , reserve , subtlety , delicacy , underplaying , understatedness, underemphasis typical British understatement Translations ez kevesebbet mond a valóságnálszépítõ körülmény úrdráttur 1. (= underestimate) [of rate, level, growth] → subestimación f these figures are an understatement → estas cifras son una subestimación 2. (= not exaggeration) I think that's something of an understatement → creo que eso es quedarse corto to say I'm disappointed is an understatement → decir que estoy desilusionado es quedarse corto interesting? that's the understatement of the year! → ¿ interesante ? ¡eso es quedarse corto ! 3. (= restraint) → moderación f typical British understatement → la típica moderación británica , el típico comedimiento británico (frm) understatement That's an understatement → C'est bien peu dire ., Le terme est faible . To say I'm disappointed is an understatement → Dire que je suis déçu serait un euphémisme . that's the understatement of the year! → c'est bien le moins qu'on puisse dire ! understatement n → Untertreibung f, → Understatement nt understatement [ˈʌndəˌsteɪtmənt] n → understatement m inv that's an understatement! → a dir poco! understate (andəˈsteit) verb to state less than the truth about (something). She has understated her difficulties. versag, verklein يَصَرِّح بِشَكلٍ أقل مما يَجِب омаловажвам atenuar minimalizovat untertreiben underdrive παρουσιάζω κτ. μετριασμένα, με τρόπο που δεν ανταποκρίνεται πλήρως στην πραγματικότητα atenuar, minimizar; subestimar pehmendama, väiksemana esitama کوچکتر یا کمتر از واقعیت نشان دادن vähätellä minimiser לְהַמעִיט בְּ- कम कर के बताना, का महत्व कम करना ublažiti (el)bagatellizál mengungkapkan sedikit draga úr minimizzare 控え目に言う 삼가서 말하다 švelniau pavaizduoti noklusēt; nepateikt visu menaksir sst kurang drpd yg sebenarnya (zich) zwak uitdrukken underdrive umniejszyć نيمګړې ويل، په نيمه خوله ويل، دحقيقت نه كم ويل atenuar a minimaliza преуменьшать minimalizovať zadržano se izraziti ublažiti bagatellisera, underdriva กล่าวถึงอย่างไม่เต็มที่ olduğundan daha önemsiz göstermek, küçümsemek 未如實說出，輕描淡寫 применшувати واقعہ کو گھٹا کر بيان کرنا nói giảm đi 没有如实地陈述，轻描淡写地说 ˌunderˈstatement noun It's an understatement to say he's foolish – he's quite mad. versagting تَصْريح مُقَلَّل омаловажаване suavizada slabé označení die Untertreibung underdrivelse μετριασμένη παρουσίαση της πραγματικότητας atenuación ; subestimación vähendamine, alahindamine کم نمایی vähättely affirmation en dessous de la vérité לְשוֹן הַמעָטָה न्यूनोक्ति ublažavanje ez kevesebbet mond a valóságnál, szépítő körülmény pernyataan kurang lengkap úrdráttur (dichiarazione incompleta) 控え目の表現 삼가는 말(표현) švelnus pasakymas nepietiekams novērtējums; atturīgs izteikums kenyataan yg kurang benar understatement underdrivelse ; undervurdering niedopowiedzenie نيمګړې وينا، دحقيقت نه كمه وينا meia verd


Thorpe Station is in which English city?

Norwich Railway Station Norwich Railway Station Hindes and Courtaulds of Oak Street Norwich Railway Station Norwich railway station provides the scene for the opening of a ‘Swallows and Amazons‘ novel, and features in Joseph Losey‘s 1971 film version of LP Hartley‘s ‘The Go-Between‘. The station, which sees about two-and-a-half million passengers pass through it every year, has managed to retain its essential Victorian character, and is the only remaining one of the three which once served the city. Standing close to the River Wensum, across the Foundry Bridge from the city, it is a Grade II listed building, and acts as a terminus for trains from London Liverpool Street, as well as Great Yarmouth, Lowestoft, Sheringham, Ely and the city of Liverpool. The present building The present building opened in 1886, built to a design by John Wilson. It is constructed of red brick and stucco, in a classic style, with an ironwork and glass concourse. The spacious porte-cochère would originally have sheltered passengers arriving and leaving by horse and carriage. The foyer, through the twentieth-century glass doors, has pilasters, a decorated frieze cornice and a plasterwork ceiling. The paired sash windows have semi-elliptical pediments with classical decoration. It is topped by an imposing dome, covered in zinc tiles, seventy six feet high at its tallest point. A contemporary report of the opening in May 1886 reported ‘The new station erected by the Great Eastern Railway Company at Thorpe, Norwich, was opened for inspection, and on the 3rd was used by the public for the first time. It was built by Messrs Youngs and Son, of Norwich, from designs by Mr J Wilson, the company‘s engineer, at the cost of £60,000, and replaced the old station, which had been in use since the opening of the line.‘ The new station was built in the grounds of a private mansion adjacent to the former premises (now part of the Riverside Car Park) built in the 1840s when the railway first arrived in Norwich. Norwich‘s first railway It was in May 1844 that the first railway in Norfolk opened, with a line from Great Yarmouth to Norwich. The opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825 led to increasing enthusiasm for this new form of transport and every town and city wanted its railway. The Yarmouth and Norwich Railway company came into being in 1842, and George Stephenson was elected chairman at the first directors‘ meeting. Yarmouth was a logical choice for the first route in Norfolk, being the port for the city of Norwich, and an increasingly fashionable resort. The line was to be single track, standard gauge, with no tunnels required, and following the course of the river Yare. The line was also to be provided with Cooke and Wheatstone‘s electric telegraph. Work began on laying the line in April 1843, at Postwick Hall Farm, near Thorpe Asylum, and a total of 1,500 men were employed in its construction. The contractors were Grissell and Peto, Samuel Morton Peto being the resident engineer, with offices at St Michael-at-Plea, Norwich. A bust of Sir Samuel Morton Peto was placed in the station in 1989 to commemorate his role. The bust, sculpted by John Pooler, can be seen just under the clock on the main concourse, with his dates, 1809-1889, and the description "Baptist Contractor Politician and Philanthropist". The following year 1844, a notice announced: ‘The Yarmouth and Norwich Railway will be opened to the public on Wednesday, 1st of May next. Trains will leave Norwich at 9 and 11 o‘clock in the morning, and 4 and 7 o‘clock in the afternoon. And from Yarmouth at 8 and 10 o‘clock in the morning and 3 and 8 o‘clock in the afternoon. Fares:- First class: 3s 6d; second class 2s 6d; third class 1s 3d.Tickets to and from Norwich and Yarmouth on the same day: First class 5s; second class 4s; third class 2s.‘ Before this a special train with a government inspector and the Bishop of Norwich aboard ran on 12th April 1844. The first station On 27th April the Norwich Mercury printed a description of the station and railway buildings at Norwich ‘These are sit


Name the year: Chernenko dies; the Achille Lauro is hi-jacked; a Japanese Air Lines 747 crashes killing 520 people.

1985 | Pop Culture Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit January January 1 The Internet's Domain Name System is created. Greenland is withdrawn from the European Economic Community. First UK Cellular Mobile Phone Network Launched by Vodafone January 7 – Cellnet Launches 2nd UK Cellular Network January 10 – Kenya recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). January 15 – Tancredo Neves is elected president of Brazil by the Congress, ending the 21-year military rule. January 17 – British Telecom announces it is going to phase out its famous red telephone boxes. January 20 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan is privately sworn in for a second term in office (publicly sworn in, January 21). January 27 – The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is formed. January 28 – In Hollywood, the charity single "We Are the World" is recorded by USA for Africa. February February 4 – The border between Gibraltar and Spain reopens for the first time since Francisco Franco closed it in 1969. February 5 – Australia cancels its involvement in U.S.-led MX missile tests. February 9 – U.S. drug agent Kiki Camarena is kidnapped and murdered in Mexico (his body is discovered March 5) February 10 – Nelson Mandela rejects an offer of freedom from the South African government. February 12 – Rafael Addiego Bruno is sworn in as interim President of Uruguay. February 14 – CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon.[1] February 16 Israel begins withdrawing troops from Lebanon. The ideology of Hezbollah is declared in a "program" issued in Beirut. February 19 William J. Schroeder becomes the first artificial heart patient to leave hospital. China Airlines Flight 006 is involved in a mid-air incident; while there are 22 minor injuries and 2 serious injuries, no one is killed. The first episode of the long-running British soap opera EastEnders is broadcast on BBC One television. February 20 – Minolta releases the Maxxum 7000, the world's first autofocus single-lens reflex camera. February 28 – 1985 Newry mortar attack: The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry, killing 9 officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day. March March – The GNU Manifesto, written by Richard Stallman, is first published. March 1 – After a 12-year-long dictatorship, Julio María Sanguinetti is sworn in as the first democratically elected President of Uruguay. March 3 – An 8.0 on the Richter magnitude scale earthquake hits Santiago and Valparaíso, Chile, leaving 177 dead, 2,575 injured, 142,489 houses destroyed, and about a million people homeless. March 4 – The United States Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then to screen all blood donations in the United States. March 8 – A Beirut car bomb, planted in an attempt to assassinate Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, kills more than 80 people, injuring 200. March 11 Mikhail Gorbachev becomes General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and de facto leader of the Soviet Union. Mohamed Al-Fayed buys the London-based department store company Harrods. March 14 – Five lionesses at the Singapore Zoo are put on birth control after the lion population increases from 2 to 16. March 15 – Vice-President José Sarney, upon becoming vice president, assumes the duties of president of Brazil, as the new president Tancredo Neves had become severely ill, the day before. Sarney will become Brazil's first civilian president in 21 years, upon Neves' death on April 21. March 16 – Associated Press reporter Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut (he is released on December 4, 1991). March 17 – Expo '85, a World's Fair, is held in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, until September 16. March 18 – Australia's longest running soap opera Neighbours debuts on Seven Network. March 21 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and activist Rick Hansen sets out on his 40,000 km, 26 month Man in Motion tour which raises $26M for spinal cord research and quality of life initiatives. March 23 – OCAM is dissolved. M


Which Army rank equates to the RAF rank of Wing Commander?

Wing Commander (rank) | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia File:RNAS Wg Cdr.png On 1 April 1918, the newly created RAF adopted its officer rank titles from the British Army , with Royal Naval Air Service Commanders (titled as Wing Commanders) and Royal Flying Corps Lieutenant-Colonels becoming Lieutenant-Colonels in the RAF. In response to the proposal that the RAF should use its own rank titles, it was suggested that the RAF might use the Royal Navy 's officer ranks, with the word "Air" inserted before the naval rank title. For example, the rank that later became Wing Commander would have been Air Commander. Although the Admiralty objected to this simple modification of their rank titles, it was agreed that the RAF might base many of its officer rank titles on Navy officer ranks with differing pre-modifying terms. It was also suggested that RAF Lieutenant Colonels might be titled as Reeves or Wing-Leaders. However, the rank title Wing Commander was chosen as Wings were typically commanded by RAF Lieutenant-Colonels and the term Wing Commander had been used in the Royal Naval Air Service. The rank of Wing Commander has been used continuously since 1 August 1919. Usage Edit In the early years of the RAF, a Wing Commander commanded a flying wing , typically a group of three or four aircraft squadrons . Nowadays a Wing Commander is more likely to command a single flying squadron or a wing which is an administrative sub-division of a station . In the Air Training Corps , a Wing Commander is the Officer Commanding of a Wing. Insignia and command flag Edit The rank insignia is based on the three gold bands of Commanders in the Royal Navy and consists of three narrow light blue bands over slightly wider black bands. This is worn on both the lower sleeves of the tunic or on the shoulder of the flying suit or the casual uniform. The command pennant used by a Wing Commander is one of two triangular command pennants used in the RAF. Two thin red lines differentiate this one from the other. During 1941-45 Fighter Command's Wing leaders (of Wing Commander rank) were also allowed to use their own initials as aircraft identification letters on their personal aircraft, e.g., Wing Commander Roland Beamont 's personal Hawker Tempest , JN751, was coded "R-B". An RAF wing commander's sleeve/shoulder insignia An RAF wing commander's sleeve mess insignia An RAF wing commander's command pennant Edit The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) used the rank until the unification of the Canadian Forces (CF) in 1968, when Army-type rank titles were adopted. A Canadian Wing Commander then became a Lieutenant-Colonel . In official French Canadian usage, a wing commander's rank title was lieutenant-colonel d'aviation. In the 1990s, the Canadian Forces Air Command (the post-1968 RCAF) altered the structure of those bases under its control, redesignating them as wings . The commander of such an establishment was re-designated as the Wing Commander (or Wg Comd). Like the United States Air Force usage, the term "wing commander" (as used in the modern Canadian Forces) is an appointment, not a rank. United States Air Force Edit In the United States Air Force (USAF) wing commander is a duty title, not a rank. The equivalent USAF rank is Lieutenant Colonel who typically has command of a squadron . Because USAF wings are larger formations than RAF wings, the commander of a wing must hold at least the rank of Colonel , and is typically a Colonel or a Brigadier General . The one exception to this is the commander of the 59th Medical Wing ( Wilford Hall Medical Center ) who is customarily a Major General . Notable wing commanders


Which Yorkshire crime writer created the character Chief Inspector Banks?

Peter Robinson's Official Website Apologies to all for being late with this. Sometimes events just get ahead of my ability to list them! Saturday, October 15 – Lunchtime event with the Whistler Wrters Festival, 1pm. Whistler, British Columbia. Tuesday, October 18 – Grand Opening, with Andre Alexis, Rowan Hisayo Buchanan, Anne Y.K. Choi, Emma Donghue and Francesca Melandri. 8pm Performance Works, Granville Island, Vancouver, British Columbia. Thursday, October 20 – “A Good Way to Get Yourself Killed,” with Michael Koryta and Sam Wiebe. 6pm Revue Sage, Granville Island, Vancouver, British Columbia. Friday, October 21 – Onstage interview with Wayne Arthurson. 7pm. St Albert, Alberta. Sunday, October 23 – Reading/Round Table – “Vice: The Art of Crime Writing,” with Lotte Hammer Jakobson, Alexander Maksik and Ben Sanders. 1.30pm. International Festival of Authors, Harbourfront, Toronto, Ontario. Saturday, October 29 – Reading/Round Table – “Lived-in Stories.” with Deborah Campbell and Kevin Patterson. 5pm. IFOA, Harbourfront, Toronto, Ontario. Sunday, October 30 – Onstage Interview – with Linwood Barclay and host Andrew Pyper, interviewed by Deborah Dundas. 4.30pm. IFOA, Harbourfront, Toronto, Ontario. Posted on October 14, 2016 by admin DCI Banks, the Books, and the TV Series There have been a number of questions recently regarding differences between the characters of the DCI Banks novels and the TV adaptations. I have come to think of the Banks books and the TV series as parallel universes, rather like those in the TV series Fringe. (If you haven’t seen it, check it out. It’s well worth watching.) The characters are clearly meant to be different versions of the same person; they look different, have different personalities and meet different fates in different worlds. I have no power in the TV universe, where I am a mere observer, but I like to think of myself as the custodian of the universe of the books. In that universe, I can assure you, all the characters you have come to know and (I hope) love continue to be hale and hearty and as human and flawed as ever – in When the Music’s Over, its 2017 successor Sleeping in the Ground and, I hope, in many more books to come. Posted on September 30, 2016 by admin Peter Robinson in Conversation with Camilla Läckberg Peter recently recorded a podcast with Swedish author Camilla Läckberg, where they discuss when they first met, having Joyce Carol Oates as your tutor, and being disqualified in the Eurovision Song Contest. Listen to the Speaking of Stories podcast . Note that while the introduction is in Swedish, the rest of the interview is in English. Posted on September 2, 2016 by admin New Book, Swedish Festival, and Other News As I write, When the Music’s Over has been on the UK bestseller list for six weeks now, having spent one week at #1 and a week at #2. It has also made #83 on the USA Today chart, which isn’t as bad as it sounds because that list includes everything—all formats and all genres—from cookbooks to ebooks. I have just got back from the Crimetime Festival in Visby, which is a beautiful medieval town on the island of Gotland, off the coast of Sweden. I was International Guest of Honour among a host of primarily Scandinavian authors. Sharon Bolton and Elizabeth Hand were the only other English language authors present, though everyone I met spoke perfect English. The festival was excellent, and we were very well treated, though I must say they worked me hard, often with three or four events and interviews a day. I had events with Håkan Nesser, Arne Dahl, Camilla Läckberg, Sharon Bolton, Denise Rydberg and Viveca Sten, and had the honour of congratulating Maj Sjöwall on stage after she received her award (see photo). I also met many other writers, some I have read and others I will read. The wonderful Kerstin Wixe interviewed me on stage, and champagne flowed at the book launch with Ninni Schulman. My thanks to everyone involved in the organisation, especially Carina Nunstedt, the chief! The evenings were always spent in entertaining company with good food and good


The artists Ben Nicholson, Barbara Hepworth, Terry Frost, and Patrick Heron are primarily associated with which English seaside resort?

Modern British Art by Offer Waterman Gallery - issuu issuu Offer Waterman & Co Modern British Art Offer Waterman & Co 11 Langton Street London SW10 0JL +44 (0)20 7351 0068 info@waterman.co.uk www.waterman.co.uk Interior pages.indd 1 Interior pages.indd 2 13/05/2011 10:59 30, 31 13, 14 28, 29 32 7 34 11, 18 15 9 20 4, 5 25, 33 23 24 17 27 10 8 19 26 1, 2, 3 12, 22 16 6 21 Interior pages.indd 3 Aitchison Armitage Auerbach Bevan Bomberg Boyle Family Butler Frost Gabo Hitchens Jones Kossoff Lanyon Law McWilliam Martin Moore Nash Nicholson Phillips Sickert Turnbull Vaughan Wood Wynter Artists 13/05/2011 10:59 Walter Richard Sickert 1860–1942 Nude Reclining, La Coiffure, 1905–6 oil on canvas 20 by 16 inches / 50.8 by 40.6 cm signed lower right Collections André Gide Leicester Galleries, London, 1952 Count Manassei F.B. Hart Jackson Thomas Agnew & Sons, London Mr Herbert, 1960 Private Collection, UK Exhibited Paris, Galerie Cardo, Walter R. Sickert, 15 November– 6 December 1930, cat no.56, exhibited as Nu London, Thomas Agnew & Sons, Sickert: Centenary Exhibition of Pictures from Private Collections, 14 March–14 April 1960, cat no.74 Literature François Fosca, Walter Richard Sickert, L’Amour de l’Art, November 1930, p443 illus b/w Wendy Baron, Sickert, Phaidon, London, 1973, cat no.210, fig 143 illus b/w Wendy Baron and Richard Shone, Sickert Paintings, Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1992, p164, fig 126 illus b/w Wendy Baron, Sickert, Paintings and Drawings, Yale University Press, New Haven & London, pp56, 308–309, cat no.245.1, illus b/w Sickert first approached the subject of the nude within an interior in 1902, while working in Neuville and Venice. However, it was not until his return to London in 1905 that this subject became the central focus of his painting, remaining so for the next eight years. Sickert’s paintings from this period occupy an important place in the history of the female nude. His depiction of realistic women in dimly lit, un-romanticised domestic settings, was highly distinctive and challenged established modes of representation. The details of this work indicate that it was painted at 8 Fitzroy Square, Camden Town. These were the first rooms Sickert had taken after his return from France and had previously been the home of Sickert’s teacher, James McNeill Whistler. Sickert’s sympathies with the artistic tradition of France are made explicit in his choice of subject and title. La Coiffure refers to a woman combing her hair, and is the subject of works by Picasso, Matisse and Degas. Sickert’s treatment of this subject, however, is wholly unique. Paintings from this period see Sickert working with a new freedom. The surface of this painting exhibits a more expressive handling of the paint and reveals the process of layering and scraping away, which has left some areas of paint thick and solid, and others translucent, barely covering the surface of the canvas. The wonderful sense of light that is created in this work reflects a marked development from Sickert’s earlier nudes. The deep red of the carpet, the highlighted bed cover and, in the background, the snatches of colour describing various objects on the table all lend themselves to a complete expression of depth and form. The everyday detail of the scene takes prominence and the painting is firmly rooted within an honest realism that characterises all of Sickert’s work. 1 Interior pages.indd 5 16/05/2011 10:39 Walter Richard Sickert 1860–1942 La Rue du Mortier d’Or, Dieppe, c1906 oil on canvas 12 by 15 inches / 30.5 by 38.1 cm signed lower left Collections Jacques-Emile Blanche Roland Browse & Delbanco Mrs E.J. de Pass Private Collection, UK Exhibited London, Roland Browse and Delbanco, Sickert, 1860–1942, March–April 1960, cat no.8 Eastbourne, Towner Art Gallery, Sickert in Dieppe, 31 May– 6 July 1975, cat no.43 Guildford, Guildford House, 12 July–2 August 1975 Literature Wendy Baron, Sickert, Phaidon, London, 1973, pp99, 101, cat no.284, fig 201 illus b/w Wendy Baron, Sickert, Paintings and Drawings, Yale University Press, New Haven & Lond


Astana is the capital city of which former Soviet republic?

Astana, Kazakhstan: the space station in the steppes | World news | The Guardian The Observer Astana, Kazakhstan: the space station in the steppes The futuristic city in Kazakhstan is just the latest in the growing phenomenon of a capital from zero The Bayterek tower, designed by president Nursultan Nazarbayev, stands at the centre of Astana's main avenue Photograph: Antoine Lambroschini/AFP/Getty Images The Observer Astana, Kazakhstan: the space station in the steppes The futuristic city in Kazakhstan is just the latest in the growing phenomenon of a capital from zero Saturday 7 August 2010 20.59 EDT First published on Saturday 7 August 2010 20.59 EDT Share on Messenger Close "Peas and beans! Peas and beans!" The famous Japanese architect was in his office, high in a Tokyo tower, its walls crowded with framed honours and diplomas. Assistants of exceptional beauty shimmered in with tea, but what he wanted to talk about was pulses. Rising prosperity in China would lead to rising meat consumption, and in turn a global protein crisis. It was the greatest problem, he said, facing mankind today. The solution lay in Kazakhstan , the vast former Soviet republic, for whose president the architect, Kisho Kurokawa, was masterplanning a new capital. This country, to the south of Russia, stretches from the eastern edge of Europe almost to Mongolia. For Kurokawa it offered ample opportunity for growing peas and beans, and – in a symbolic way – his plan would help. It was based on the interweaving of city and nature, with swaths of green between the buildings. It represented an idea of interdependence of which pulse-growing on an immense scale would be the practical outcome. This meeting was in 2001, and Kurokawa died in 2007, but his city is now there, more or less following his plan. There are plenty of parks and trees. Called Astana, it is the world's latest example of a rare but persistent type, the capital from zero. It is in a line that includes St Petersburg, Washington DC, Canberra, Ankara and Brasilia and like them it provokes a question: can a city, in all its teeming complexity, really be planned? Or does the attempt lead only to a synthetic simulacrum, a kind-of city that is not quite the real thing? To look at, Astana is so strange that it has one grasping for images. It's a space station, marooned in an ungraspable expanse of level steppe, its name (to English speakers) having the invented sound of a science fiction writer's creation. It's a city of fable or dream, as recounted by Marco Polo to Kublai Khan. Except it's not quite so magical: it's also like a battery-operated plastic toy, all whirring noises and flashing colours, of a kind sold by the city's street vendors. Astana's ornaments include a 62-metre-high silver pyramid, designed by British architects Foster + Partners, giant gold-green cones and a gold orb resting on a structure of erupting white steel. At night its buildings go purple, pink, green and yellow. Astana's latest, most technically ambitious addition is a 150-metre-high translucent tent, also by Lord Foster . Called Khan Shatyr, a single leaning mast props its roof, which offers shelter from a harsh climate to a shopping and entertainment complex underneath. It follows a familiar Foster strategy, to be seen in the Great Court of the British Museum, or his airports at Stansted, Hong Kong and Beijing, which is to create an impressively engineered roof – a thing to be looked at and admired but not inhabited – hovering over a lower, less ordered, zone where the activity of the buildings, in this case shops and theme-park rides, takes place. This strategy, derived from the geodesic domes which the visionary American designer Buckminster Fuller once proposed throwing over whole cities, makes for striking architecture but also for awkward clashes where the two zones meet. Top and bottom seem to be different worlds. Khan Shatyr opened last month with an extravagant celebration which coincided with the 70th birthday of President Nursultan Nazarbayev, who is the beginning and end of everything that happens in


"The oldest film festival in the world awards the ""Golden Lion"" as its top prize. In which city is it held?"

Venice Film Festival - The Oldest Film Festival in the World Venice Film Festival written by: Ashley Leonard•edited by: Rhonda Callow •updated: 9/23/2010 The oldest film festival in the world is the Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy. As one of the most influential film festivals, it can take a filmmaker's career to the next level. slide 1 of 5 History The Venice International Film Festival was founded in 1932 in Venice, Italy, making it the oldest film festival in the world. The film festival was founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata and it was initially held on the terrace of the Hotel Excelsior in Venice. Very few countries participated in the festival in the 1940's, because of World War II. In the 1950's, more countries started to participate and the Venice Film Festival expanding internationally. New films from Japan and India began to screen at the film festival. In its early days, with new genres of film, the Venice Film Festival began to make its mark in the world. This film festival helped directors early in their careers. slide 2 of 5 The Festival The Venice Film Festival is held every September. The film festival accepts films from all over the world. Films are chosen by a group of jurors, who range from Quentin Tarantino and many other individuals in the film industry. The Venice Film Festival accepts short films, as well as feature films. The festival spans eleven days, which are filled with various film events and activities. slide 3 of 5 Awards The Venice Film Festival distributes several awards during the 11-day run. The Gold Lion is the highest award given, which is the festival principle award for best film. The Silver Lion is the second runner's up to the Gold Lion award. The Silver Lion is the second highest film award at the festival. Along with the Lion awards, the jury awards a film the Special Jury Prize every year. The jury at the Venice Film Festival chooses films for the Special Jury Prize based on a variety of factors. The Volpi Cup is an award that is given out to actors with the best performance. The Venice Film Festival also distributes the Golden Osellas award to directors, screenwriters and other individuals in the film industry. slide 4 of 5 Entry Fees The entry fees for the Venice Film Festival vary every year. Updated information on entry fees are displayed on the film festival's website , a few months before the actual event. When filmmakers are submitting their films to the Venice Film Festival, an entry form must be filled out and included with each submission. The Venice Film Festival showcases short films and feature length films, which range from work from emerging directors and blockbusters from the most experienced filmmaker. Entry into the Venice Film Festival is a coveted position and the selection committee screens every film, looking for the best and most unique. slide 5 of 5 Link to the Academy Awards The Venice Film Festival has screened films that have been Oscar contenders. Many high profile films have screened at the film festival before they were nominated for Academy Awards, in several categories. The Venice Film Festival brings out high profile actors, who are there to promote their film. The festival has also showcased emerging cinema from all over the world, places such as Europe, Asia and Africa. ◄ ● ● ● ● ● ►


"The American TV series 'The Wire"" is set in which city?"

Amazon.com: The Wire: The Complete Series: Various: Movies & TV Ad feedback Special Offers and Product Promotions Save Big On Open-Box & Pre-owned: Buy "The Wire: The Complete Seriesâ from Amazon Warehouse Deals and save 65% off the $199.95 list price. Product is eligible for Amazon's 30-day returns policy and Prime or FREE Shipping. See all Open-Box & Pre-owned offers from Amazon Warehouse Deals. Editorial Reviews Product Description In the projects. On the docks. In City Hall. In the schools. In the media. The places and faces have changed, but the game remains the same. Review The Wire: The Complete First Season After one episode of The Wire you'll be hooked. After three, you'll be astonished by the precision of its storytelling. After viewing all 13 episodes of the HBO series' remarkable first season, you'll be cheering a bona-fide American masterpiece. Series creator David Simon was a veteran crime reporter from The Baltimore Sun who cowrote the book that inspired TV's Homicide , and cowriter Ed Burns was a Baltimore cop, lending impeccable street-cred to an inner-city Baltimore saga (and companion piece to The Corner ) that Simon aptly describes as "a visual novel" and "a treatise on institutions and individuals" as opposed to a conventional good-vs.-evil police procedural. Owing a creative debt to the novels of Richard Price (especially Clockers), the series opens as maverick Detective Jimmy McNulty (Dominic West, in a star-making role) is tapping into a vast network of drugs and death around southwest Baltimore's deteriorating housing projects. With a mandate to get results ASAP, a haphazard team is assembled to join McNulty's increasingly complex investigation, built upon countless hours of electronic surveillance. The show's split-perspective plotting is so richly layered, so breathtakingly authentic and based on finely drawn characters brought to life by a perfect ensemble cast, that it defies concise description. Simon, Burns, and their cowriters control every intricate aspect of the unfolding epic; directors are top-drawer (including Clark Johnson, helmer of The Shield's finest episodes), but they are servants to the story, resulting in a TV series like no other: unpredictable, complicated, and demanding the viewer's rapt attention, The Wire is "an angry show" (in Simon's words) that refuses to comfort with easy answers to deep-rooted societal problems. Moral gray zones proliferate in a universe where ruthless killers have a logical code, and where the cops are just as ambiguous as their targets. That ambiguity extends to the ending as well; season 1 leaves several issues unresolved, leaving you begging for the even more impressive developments that await in season 2. --Jeff Shannon The Wire: The Complete Second Season It hardly seems possible, but The Wire's second season is even better than the first . The "visual novel" concept of this masterful HBO series is taken even further in a rich, labyrinthine plot revolving around the longshoremen of Baltimore's struggling cargo docks, where corruption, smuggling, and murder draw the attention of detective McNulty (Dominic West). What follows is a series of events which at first seem unrelated (including 13 bodies found in a cargo container), and then the ongoing effort to topple the drug empire of "Stringer" Bell (Idris Elba) and the imprisoned Avon Barksdale (Wood Harris), whose business is suffering from short supply, high demand, and disruption of distribution. The dutiful diligence of a Marine Police Patrol Officer and the moral outrage of the longshoremen's union leader are also factored into the suspicious goings-on at the loading docks, and what unfolds in these 12 episodes is an American crime epic easily on par with the Godfather saga. Yes, it's that good. Detailed synopsis is pointless; The Wire must be seen, heard, and absorbed to fully appreciate the way in which over 40 characters are flawlessly incorporated into a sprawling but tightly disciplined plot that deals, in the larger sense, with the deindustr


Which German city was the target of the first 1000 bomber raid in 1942?

RAF - The Thousand Bomber raids, 30/31 May (Cologne) to 17 August 1942 Home History Bomber Command Bomber Command Famous Raids The Thousand Bomber raids, 30/31 May (Cologne) to 17 August 1942 The Thousand Bomber raids, 30/31 May (Cologne) to 17 August 1942 The Thousand Bomber raids, 30/31 May (Cologne) to 17 August 1942 Sir Arthur Harris knew that the future of Bomber Command was still in doubt and he approached both Winston Churchill and Sir Charles Portal with the bold idea of assembling a force of 1,000 bombers and sending them out in one massive raid on a German city. Churchill and Portal were both impressed and they agreed. Although Harris had only a little over 400 aircraft with trained crews which were regularly used for front-line operational work, he did have a considerable number of further aircraft in the conversion units attached to groups with four engined aircraft and in Bomber Command's own operational training units 91 and 92 Groups. This secondary Bomber Command strength could be crewed by a combination of instructors, many of them ex-operational, and by men in the later stages of their training. To complete the 1,000 aircraft required, Harris asked for the help of his fellow commanders in chief in Coastal Command and Flying Training Command. Both officers were willing to help. Sir Philip Joubert of Coastal Command immediately offered to provide 250 bombers, many of them being from squadrons which had once served in Bomber Command. Flying Training Command offered fifty aircraft but many of these were later found to be insufficiently equipped for night bombing and only four Wellingtons were eventually provided from this source. All now looked well. The target figure of 1,000 bombers was easily covered and detailed planning for the operation commenced. The tactics to be employed were of major concern, not only for the success of this unprecedented raid but as an experiment upon which future operations could be based. The tactics eventually adopted would form the basis for standard Bomber Command operations for the next two years and some elements would remain in use until the end of the war. The major innovation was the introduction of a bomber stream in which all aircraft would fly by a common route and at the same speed to and from the target, each aircraft being allotted a height band and a time slot in the stream to minimize the risk of collision. The recent introduction of Gee made it much easier for crews to navigate within the precise limits required for such flying, although there would always be wayward crews who would drift away from the stream. The hoped-for advantage from the bomber stream was that the bomber force could pass through the minimum number of German radar night-fighter boxes. The controller in each box could only direct a maximum of six potential interceptions per hour. The passage of the stream through the smallest number of boxes would, therefore, reduce the number of possible interceptions, particularly if the bomber stream could be kept as short as possible and pass through the belt of boxes quickly. This led on to the next decision, to reduce still further the time allowed for the actual bombing at the target. Where four hours had been allowed earlier in the war for a raid by 100 aircraft and two hours had been deemed a revolutionary concentration for 234 aircraft at Lubeck, only 90 minutes were allowed for 1,000 aircraft in this coming operation. The big fear in these matters was always that of collisions but, on this occasion, this was accepted in return for the opportunity to allow the bomber stream to pass through the night fighter boxes quickly, to swamp the Flak defences at the target and, above all, to put down such a concentration of incendiary bombs in a short period that the fire services would be overwhelmed and large areas of the city would be consumed by conflagrations. As in previous raids, the coming operation would be led by experienced crews whose aircraft were equipped with Gee; 1 and 3 Groups were selected to provide these raid leaders in the Thousand Plan.


Hlobane and Isandhlwana were battles in which 19th century conflict?

Battles of Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift | South African history | Britannica.com Battles of Isandlwana and Rorke’s Drift, Isandlwana also spelled Isandhlwana, (Jan. 22–23, 1879), first significant battles of the Anglo-Zulu War in Southern Africa . Memorial commemorating the Battle of Isandlwana during the Anglo-Zulu War (1879), KwaZulu-Natal … RAM In December 1878 Sir Bartle Frere , the British high commissioner for South Africa , issued an ultimatum to Cetshwayo , the Zulu king, that was designed to be impossible to satisfy: the Zulu were, among other things, to dismantle their “military system” within 30 days. As expected, the ultimatum was not met, and three British columns invaded Zululand in January 1879. The centre column, led by the British commander in chief, Lord Chelmsford , crossed the Buffao (Mzinyathi) River at Rorke’s Drift, where it established a depot, and moved cautiously eastward into the Zulu kingdom. Cetshwayo’s policy was to withdraw his troops, remain on the defensive in this unprovoked war, and hope to negotiate. In particular, his soldiers were forbidden to retaliate by invading the neighbouring colony of Natal . On January 22 Chelmsford advanced, leaving a third of his force unlaagered (lacking a protective encampment structure) at Isandlwana mountain under the command of Colonel H.B. Pulleine. A large Zulu force of more than 20,000, commanded by Ntshingwayo kaMahole Khoza and Mavumengwana kaNdlela Ntuli, attacked and massacred the British force of fewer than 2,000 at Isandlwana before Chelmsford’s men returned. The British losses included some 800 regular army troops as well as 500 African auxiliary troops. Later that day a second Zulu force, led by Cetshwayo’s brother, Dabulamanzi kaMpande, attempted to overrun the British depot at Rorke’s Drift (known to the Zulu as KwaJimu). This time the British defenders, who had been forewarned by the few survivors of Isandlwana, were prepared. In a firefight that lasted nearly 12 hours and continued into the next day, some 120 British troops shot down more than 500 Zulu fighters. Similar Topics Battle of Thermopylae Paradoxically, the Zulu victory at Isandlwana shattered Cetshwayo’s hope for a negotiated settlement. The British government in London had not been fully briefed by Frere about the intended attack on Zululand and initially was not overwhelmingly in the mood for war. However, the arrival in London on February 11 of the news of the defeat at Isandlwana—one of the major shocks to British prestige in the 19th century—galvanized the British government into a full-scale campaign to save face. An army led by Col. Evelyn Wood suffered an initial defeat at Hlobane on March 28 but brought about the decisive defeat of the Zulu at the Battle of Kambula (Khambula) on March 29. On April 2 a British column under Chelmsford’s command inflicted a heavy defeat on the Zulu at Gingindlovu, where more than 1,000 Zulu were killed. Chelmsford’s troops then moved on Cetshwayo’s royal villages at Ulundi , where on July 4, 1879, they inflicted a final defeat on Cetshwayo’s surviving soldiers. Cetshwayo himself was captured in August , and the Zulu nation was at the mercy of the British government, which had not yet considered how to incorporate Zululand into its Southern Africa holdings. Cetshwayo, king of the Zulu, under British guard in Southern Africa, 1879. Photos.com/Thinkstock


To within 10 miles, how long is the Pennine Way, running from Edale in the Peak District to Kirk Yetholm in the Scottish Borders?

End to End - The Pennine Way Introduction This, as someone once said, is the Big One. The Pennine Way is generally regarded as the toughest, most demanding, and most challenging long-distance walk in Britain. That's true enough, but it's something more than that. It's adventurous, exciting and rewarding as well. There is nothing technically difficult about the Pennine Way - you won't find yourself dangling off ropes, clinging to rock faces or staring down terrifying abysses, and there are really only three ascents worthy of special mention. The challenge is, essentially, a mental and a logistical one. Your adversaries on this walk are the terrain, the climate and the awesome sense of loneliness. Many people imagine that the Pennine Way must be some ancient monument; a route travelled by monks or pilgrims, or a medieval trade corridor to Scotland, or an invention of the Romans. In fact it's almost a modern invention, though it encompasses elements of all the above. It was concieved in the early 1930's by a journalist named Tom Stephenson who, enthused by tales of the Appalachian Way in America, suggested a route of equivalent signifivance in Britain. The Pennines were an obvious choice - the so-called "backbone of England", they form a virtually unbroken spine of high moorland and bleak, empty hill country along the watershed between the east and west coasts, running for some 250 miles from the Trent valley to the Carlisle-Newcastle Gap. Stephenson described a route that would traverse these hills from south to north, encompassing their wide open spaces, their scenic highlights, their moods and their challenges. He had penned many such articles and this one might well have gone unremarked, but it caught a national mood. This was a time of economic depression and the working men of the northern industrial towns were beginning to seek out these wild, empty moorlands as a safety valve, a spiritual escape. Hiking and cycling clubs set out every Sunday from Manchester, from Leeds, from Sheffield and from each and every major town, to enjoy the uplifting experience of these high, empty lands. Yet vast tracts of these moors were inaccessible, enclosed by landowners and guarded by their gamekeepers, the preserve of the hunting and shooting fraternity. Public demand for access became overwhelming and culminated in a celebrated mass trespass of Kinder Scout in Derbyshire. Officialdom moved painfully slowly. A Pennine Way association was formed and drew up detailed plans for the route. The second world war intervened, but as part of the reforming zeal that followed the new Government set in process a wholesale review of land use and outdoor recreation, leading in 1948 to the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act. A body known as the Countryside Commission was set up to oversee these developments and the Pennine Way Society's plans were taken up by the Commission. Although much of the proposed route already enjoyed legal public access the rest had to be opened up by negotiation with landowners and due legal process, and it wasn't until 1965 that the Pennine Way was officially opened, by the same Tom Stephenson (by then the secretary of the Ramblers' Association) at a ceremony at Malham, Yorkshire. The name "Pennine Way" is a bit of a misnomer because the route carries on beyond the northern limit of the Pennines, crossing Hadrian's Wall and traversing half the Cheviot ridge before terminating in the Scottish border village of Kirk Yetholm. But the name "Most Of The Pennines And About Half Of The Cheviots Way", which would be technically correct, doesn't exactly scan. The name stands accepted as the description for Britain's finest outdoor experience, this 267-mile walk from the Derbyshire Peak District to Scotland. The route starts with one of its toughest sections, the traverse of the Dark Peak - the peat moorlands of Kinder Scout, Bleaklow and Black Hill. Be warned that this terrain is very boggy and in bad weather it is unpleasant at best and hazardous at worst. North of the Dark Peak you come to waterworks country and


"Michael Caine portrayed which officer in the 1964 film ""Zulu""?"

The untold story of the film Zulu starring Michael Caine, 50 years on | The Independent Features The untold story of the film Zulu starring Michael Caine, 50 years on The Battle of Rorke’s Drift has entered British folklore thanks to the 1964 movie. But the story of the film is almost as remarkable as what it depicts. Sheldon Hall looks back Sunday 19 January 2014 00:20 BST Click to follow The Independent Culture Thin red line: Michael Caine in Zulu This Wednesday marks a double anniversary. On 22 January 1879, at a remote mission station in Natal, South Africa, barely more than 100 British soldiers held off wave after wave of attacks by some 4,000 Zulu warriors. The Battle of Rorke’s Drift lasted 10 hours, from late afternoon till just before dawn the following morning. By the end of the fighting, 15 soldiers lay dead, with another two mortally wounded. Surrounding the camp were the bodies of 350 Zulus. This makes for a remarkable tale of courage and tenacity, on both sides of the perimeter. But historically the battle was a minor incident which had little influence on the course of the Anglo-Zulu War. It might have remained a footnote in the history books or an anecdote told at regimental dinners had it not been for a film which dramatised the story and has kept it in the public mind ever since. Premiered 85 years to the day after the event it commemorates, the film Zulu is 50 years’ old this week. On its initial release, in 1964, it was one of the biggest box-office hits of all time in the home market. For the next 12 years it remained in constant cinema circulation before making its first appearance on television. It has since become a Bank holiday television perennial, and remains beloved by the British public. But the story behind the film’s making is as unusual as the one that it tells. The filmmakers The principal artists responsible for Zulu were hardly Establishment figures. Screenwriter John Prebble was a former Communist Party member who had volunteered to fight in the Spanish Civil War. His co-writer, the American director Cy Endfield, had fled Hollywood in the early 1950s after he was named as a Communist during the McCarthyite witch-hunts. Endfield’s production partner and the film’s main star was Stanley Baker, a life-long supporter of the Labour Party. All three were committed to progressive causes, but their motives in making Zulu were not political. It is not an anti-imperial diatribe any more than it is a celebration of colonial conquest. Its main purpose was frankly commercial, but Baker also saw the story as an chance to pay tribute to his Welsh homeland. This certainly explains the strong emphasis on the Welshness of the private soldiers – one of the many fictionalised elements of Zulu that have created a myth around the battle. Scenes from the 1964 movie in which South African servicemen played the British extras Filming under Apartheid The producers had to keep their political views in check when they made the decision to shoot the film in South Africa, then in the grip of Apartheid. There were strict, legally enforced guidelines regarding the degree of freedom permitted to the cast and crew. It was impressed upon the 60-odd British visitors that sexual relations with people of other races would result in possible imprisonment, deportation or worse. Warned that miscegenation was a flogging offence, Baker is reported to have asked if he could have the lashes while doing it. The authorities were not amused. The main filming location was in the spectacular Drakensberg Mountains in the Royal Natal National Park, a popular tourist spot distant from any large township. But a number of incidents brought home the realities of the oppressive regime. Chatting to John Marcus, one of several professional black stuntmen employed on the film, assistant editor Jennifer Bates invited him for a drink in the bar/canteen that had been built on site for the crew. Marcus pointed out that he was forbidden by law to mix socially with whites and could not enter. In his autobiography, Michael Caine recalls an incident in


To within 10 miles, how long is Alfred Wainwright's Coast to Coast walk, from St. Bees, Cumbria, to Robin Hood's Bay, Yorkshire?

Coast to Coast Walk guided walking holidays | Northwestwalks.co.uk Meet your guide and fellow walking companions at the welcome meeting in the evening. Day 2 St Bees to Ennerdale Bridge (village height above sea level 100M). Distance 14 miles - Strenuous - Height Gain 685m/2250ft � 7.5 hours The seaside village of St Bees on the Cumbria (west) coast is the official starting point for Wainwrights world famous Coast to Coast walk.A plaque on the seafront marks the start of the route. Tradition says to dip your toe in the sea and then collect a small pebble to carry with you to the east coast. Initially our route heads north along the coastal path with views of Scotland and the Isle of Man. We leave the coastal path and head east towards the Lake District Mountains. The route passes through the villages of Sandwith, Moor Row and Cleator followed by a steep walk up Dent (352M), the high point of the day. Admire the views before continuing across the hilltop and descending steeply down a forest track to Nannycatch Beck. We follow the beck and then a roadside path to Ennerdale Bridge. Day 3 Ennerdale Bridge (100M) to Rosthwaite (100M). Distance 14 miles - Strenuous - Height Gain 530m/1740ft - 8 hours We follow the country lanes to Ennerdale Water then the rocky path along the banks of the Lake. At the far end of the Lake we take the forest track that climbs gradually along Ennerdale valley to the remote Black Sail Hut YHA (290M). From the YHA continue to the bottom of Loft Beck and a steep ascent to the high point of the day at 600M. The views back to the sea are spectacular. We follow the rocky path across the fell and descend to Honister (330M). Continue descending into the beautiful Borrowdale valley to the village of Seatoller (120M) then follow the footpaths to Rosthwaite. Day 4 Rosthwaite (100M) to Grasmere (75M). Distance 10 miles - Strenuous - Height Gain 530m/1740ft - 6 hours We take the track alongside Stonethwaite Beck then a rocky path climbing steadily alongside Greenup Gill. We walk steeply up the steps and rocks (a bit tricky but not technical) to the left side of Lining Crag (500M) and admire the views to the north and east. Continue to Greenup Edge, today�s high point at 620M, and then descend the rocky path to the head of Far Easedale. Your guide then considers several factors and decides to either follow the ridge walk across Calf Crag, Gibson Knott and Helm Crag before descending steeply into Grasmere or take the less arduous route down Far Easedale. Day 5 Grasmere (75M) to Glenridding (150M). Distance 8 miles - Strenuous - Height Gain 505m/1655ft - 5 hours We follow the lane to Mill Bridge then take the rocky path which climbs steadily alongside Tongue Gill to Grisedale Tarn (550M). From Grisedale Tarn we follow the route down hill alongside Grisedale Beck to Patterdale valley and the village of Glenridding on the shores of Ullswater. Day 6 Glenridding (150M) to Shap (250M). Distance 17 miles - Strenuous - Height Gain 760m/2500ft - 9 hours A short valley walk then a sharp steep walk up to Boredale Hause (400M), the rocky path now climbs with less gradient past Angle Tarn and Satura Crag (600M), it descends to 500M and then climbs sharply again to round The Knott (739M). We then walk a short section of High Street. Our final Lakeland summit is Kidsty Pike (780M) the highest point on route. From here look back across the Lake District and then turn to view the Eden Valley and the Pennine Mountains. We descend gradually at first then steeply down to Haweswater (250M), and follow the rocky path alongside the banks of the reservoir to Burnbanks. The terrain eases as the route crosses undulating farmland to Shap Day 7 Shap (250M) to Kirkby Stephen (180M). Distance 20 miles - Long Moderate - Height Gain 150m/490ft - 8.5 hours The Lake District Mountains are left behind and the gradients ease to cross the rolling farmland and hills in Eden Valley. We follow the footpaths across the limestone plateau passing the secluded hamlet of Oddendale and the granite boulders deposited by ice age glaciers. Orton lies a mile t


Which American baseball team was formed in 1962 to replace the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants?

Timeline | Los Angeles Dodgers 2000s 1890s Brooklyn's debut into the National League in 1890 began on a positive note as the team nicknamed the "Bridegrooms" won the championship with an 86-43 record. It was the first of 21 National League pennants that the Dodgers would win during the next 100 years. The moniker "Bridegrooms" was attached to Manager William "Gunner" McGunnigle's 1890 ballclub because seven of the players got married around the same time in 1888. Despite the success of the Bridegrooms, McGunnigle didn't last past the initial year and the team paraded through six different managers before the end of the decade. The skippers included John Montgomery Ward (1891-92), Dave Foutz (1893-96), William Barnie (1897-98), Mike Griffin (1898), Charles H. Ebbets (1898) and Ned Hanlon (1899-1905). The term "Trolley Dodgers" was attached to the Brooklyn ballclub due to the complex maze of trolley cars that weaved its way through the borough of Brooklyn. The name was then shortened to just "Dodgers." During the 1890s, other popular nicknames were Ward's Wonders, Foutz's Fillies and Hanlon's Superbas. Baseball was not new to Brooklyn, which had fielded a team as early as 1849. Charles Byrne, president of the Brooklyn club which started in the Interstate League and moved into the American Association, built Washington Park on the approximate site where George Washington's Continental Army had fought the battle of Long Island. The Dodgers of 1890 transferred to the National League from the American Association, where they had won the 1889 pennant. Under Hanlon, who joined the Dodgers from Baltimore, the team brought stars to Brooklyn including "Wee" Willie Keeler, Hughie Jennings and Joe Kelley. Sportswriters dubbed the team "Hanlon's Superbas" because of a popular Broadway troupe of the same name. Brooklyn won the 1899 title under Hanlon, the first of two consecutive pennant winners. Brooklyn-born Keeler, famous for saying "I hit 'em where they ain't," had great bat control and was an adroit bunter. He compiled a .345 career batting average, fifth best all-time in baseball. The 5-foot-4 Hall of Famer had a league-leading 140 runs scored in 1899. First decade stars also included pitcher William "Brickyard" Kennedy, who won 176 games; pitcher Tom Lovett, who won 30 games in 1890 (the only Dodger pitcher to record 30 wins in one season); outfielder Tommy "Oyster" Burns, who batted .300 from 1890-95 and led the league with 128 RBI in 1890; Mike Griffin, who batted over .300 in an eight-year period (1891-98) before managing; first baseman Dan Brouthers, who was the club's first batting champion with a .335 average in 1892; shortstop Tommy Corcoran, who batted .300 with 173 hits in 1894; and first baseman Candy LaChance, who hit .290 for six seasons (1893-98). 1900s The turn of the century was marked by the Dodgers' second consecutive pennant-winning team (82 wins) under Manager Ned Hanlon. In 1900, the league was pared from 12 teams to eight, with Baltimore, Cleveland, Louisville and Washington dropping out. Baltimore transplant McGinnity, nicknamed "Iron Man" because of his ability to pitch both ends of a doubleheader, was 29-9 for the ballclub and once won five games in six days. Beginning in 1901, the newly-formed American League began taking shape, luring top-notch talent from the National League. With a "raided" roster, Hanlon watched the Brooklyn foundation crack. Stars like McGinnity departed, as did Keeler, Jones, Kelley, Tom Daly and "Wild" Bill Donovan. It would not be until 1916 that the Dodgers would again be perched above their National League competition. In 1901, Brooklyn slipped to third place and managed a second-place finish in 1902. In Hanlon's final season in 1905, they hit rock bottom with an eighth-place finish, 56 1/2 games behind New York. In 1903, Jimmy Sheckard became Brooklyn's first home run champion, as he led the league with nine home runs and stole 67 bases to tie for the league lead. One of the most exciting stars of the period was pitcher "Nap" Rucker, dubbed "Napoleon" by Grantland Rice. He pla


"Which Scottish author wrote ""A Good Man in Africa"", ""The New Confessions"", and his most recent novel ""Ordinary Thunderstorms""?"

William Boyd | Books from Scotland Home > Authors > William Boyd William Boyd William Boyd was born in Accra, Ghana, in 1952, the son of expatriate Scots from Fife. He regards himself as a Scottish writer, saying recently in the Scottish Review of Books, “If someone asks me what nationality I am, I unhesitatingly say I’m Scottish… I’m also aware sometimes I’m included in anthologies of Scottish literature, and sometimes I’m excluded… In Scotland, the net is not being thrown wide enough.” (Here, at BooksfromScotland.com, we’re very happy to include William Boyd.) His writing brought him success almost immediately with his first novel, A Good Man in Africa, winning the Whitbread First Novel Award and the Somerset Maugham Award in 1981. The following year, his next novel An Ice-Cream War was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. Since then, he has been a prolific writer and screenwriter with some of his novels and short stories adapting to radio and the small screen. Boyd’s most recent works include Bamboo, an autobiographical selection of non-fiction writings from the past three decades, and the novel Ordinary Thunderstorms. Share this Sign up to receive our fortnightly newsletter. Name*


In the UK, which creature is often known as a 'Rumpy'?

Description The Manx is a stocky, solid cat with a dense double coat (long or short), a compact body, very short back, hind legs that are visibly longer than the front legs, big bones, a wide chest, and greater depth of flank (sides of the cat nearest the rear) than other cats. The standard weight for males is 10-12 lbs. and for females is 8-10 lbs. The Manx head is broad-jowled with round eyes, and the ear-set is distinct to the breed--when viewed from the back, the ears and the top of the head form a "cradle" or "rocker" shape. The ears themselves are broad at the base and taper to a narrower, rounded tip. This is the general appearance of all Manx cats, regardless of whether they are show-quality or not. Although the completely tailless, or "rumpy," Manx is the desired show type, Manx may also have tails. A litter of kittens may include a rumpy, a "riser" (has a bit of cartilage at the base of the spine, under the skin, that may be felt when the cat is happy), a "stumpy" (any tail length not long, but visibly a tail), and a "longy," and all are Manxes. Only rumpy and riser Manx may be shown in American competition, and the riser's cartilage must not stop the judge's hand when the back is stroked. Sansq Q - stumpy brown mackerel tabby kitten Whatever the tail length, all the other physical characteristics will be present - roundness of head and body, cradle-set ears, broad chest, deep flank. In fact, the tailed Manx are necessary for the healthy continuation of the breed. The tailless gene, a dominant gene, is lethal when breeding rumpies to each other into or beyond the third generation. The breeder continues to use tailed cats in the breeding program to insure strong kittens and to reduce the possibility of genetic deformity. See the section on Special Medical Problems. The most striking feature of the show-quality Manx is the complete lack of a tail. Indeed, the best Manx has a slight indentation at the base of the spine where the tail would begin--a "dimple." The breed standard against which a show-quality Manx is judged continuously uses the word "round" to describe the Manx--round body, round eyes, round rump, round head, even round paws. The impression that you get when looking at the Manx is of a hairy basketball with legs. Balance is important, as well, with all that roundness. The Manx needs proportion, or it will be a fat, furry lump. All parts of the body should "go together"--so that what you see isn't a "head" or a "body" but a complete cat. The short back should rise in a continuous curve to the rump, and the long back legs complete that rounded picture. The head shouldn't be too large for the body, nor the chest too broad for the hindquarters. Manx cats come in every color and pattern, although the pointed, or Himalayan, pattern is not accepted in all associations. You will see classic and mackerel tabby Manx, tortoiseshell Manx, calico and solid-color and bi-color Manx; and the color possibilities cover the range of red, blue, cream, brown, black, and white. Tortoiseshell kitten Manx coats can be either longhair or shorthair. CFA has recently made the longhair and the shorthair Manx two divisions of the breed, eliminating the former name "Cymric" for the longhair, while other associations, such as TICA, have retained the Cymric name for their long-haired Manx. Longhairs still have a double coat, but the outer coat is of a semi-long length. It doesn't require the daily brushing of a Persian, but needs more care than the shorthair coat does. All colors and patterns exist in both coat lengths. Romanxx's GRC Maxx the Wizzard Red tabby male There are a number of mythical tales surrounding the origins of the Manx, such as that Noah cut off its tail with the door of the Ark as the rain began to fall. In actuality, Manx cats originated on the Isle of Man, off the coast of Great Britain, among a population of cats whose common ancestry sprang from the same roots as the British Shorthair. A spontaneous mutation occurred at some point several hundred years ago, which created kittens born wi


In contract rubber bridge, how many points are awarded for successfully making a non-vulnerable contract of four Spades?

How to Play Contract Bridge How to Play Contract Bridge Scoring Contract Bridge is an auction and trick-taking card game for four players. The aim of the game is to earn points by winning as many tricks as possible. The players are divided into two teams of two. Each player is designated a compass direction, with partners sitting opposite each other (i.e. East-West will play against North-South). The game is played with a single standard 52-card deck, although having two decks available can move the game along more quickly. Bridge is played over a series of hands. Each hand consists of two parts: the auction, where the partnerships bid against each other based on how strong they think their cards are; and the play, where teams try to win enough tricks to make or defeat the contract reached in the auction. Points are awarded depending on success or failure, and then another hand begins. Winning enough points earns a partnership a game. Winning two games makes a rubber (except in Duplicate Bridge, where each hand is treated independently). The Deal One player is designated the dealer. He shuffles the deck and deals them all out clockwise, starting with the player to his left. Each player takes their 13 cards, looks at them and then sorts them. Cards are divided by suit and ordered by rank, with ace being the highest and 2 the lowest. The difference between the suits is important for the auction and scoring, but not for play. Once the hand is completed, the player to the dealer's left becomes the new dealer and a new hand begins. If you're playing with two decks, the deck not being used for the hand can be shuffled and placed ready for the next dealer to make the game flow more quickly. Bridge is a trick-taking game. If you know how to play other popular games like Whist, Hearts or Spades then you'll find that the cardplay of Bridge is very similar. Although the auction comes first (see below), it's easier to understand once you know the basics of play. All you need to know for now is that the auction will determine the contract for the hand. The contract will specify a number of tricks and a suit for trumps (although there may be No Trumps). The team that bids the highest is the declaring side. The other team is the defending side. The declaring side will try to win the number of tricks bid, while the defending side will try to stop them. A trick is a set of four cards, one from each player. The player to the left of the declarer (see below) leads the first card of the hand and play proceeds clockwise until all four players have played. The first card of each trick determines the suit. If possible, players must follow suit by playing a card of the same suit from their hand. If no such card is available, then another card may be discarded, but it cannot contribute to the trick unless it's a trump (see below). The player who contributed the highest ranking card wins the trick for their team and gets to start the next trick. Once all thirteen tricks have been played, each pair counts up how many they've won. If the declaring side has made their bid (or higher) then the contract was successful. If not, the contract was defeated and the defending team will score penalty points. Trumps If the auction (see below) resulted in a suit contract, then than suit will be trumps for the entire hand. Players must still follow suit if they can, but if they've run out of the chosen suit they may play a card from the trump suit instead. This is known as ruffing. A trump beats cards from all other suits, so ruffing is a very powerful technique. If two or more trumps are played in the same hand, then the highest trump wins the trick. Dummy The dummy separates Bridge from most other trick-taking games. Every hand, one member of the declaring side sits out as the dummy. Their entire hand is placed faced up on the table for all players to see. Although the order of play doesn't change, the declarer decides which cards to play from both his hand and dummy's. Once the contract has been decided, the pairs are split into the declaring and defending


How many checkers (pieces) does each player start with in a game of backgammon?

Backgammon FAQ: Basic Rules Backgammon FAQ Q: What is backgammon? Backgammon is a game played by two players, each with fifteen checkers , on a board consisting of 24 narrow triangles called point . The players move their checkers around the board according to rolls of the dice and the first player to get all their checkers off is the winner. The fun comes from hitting and blocking your opponent's checkers to impede their progress. Backgammon is a game of odds and calculation, but it's also a game of patterns and vision. Because it is played with dice, many people think of backgammon as a gambling game. Backgammon is often played for money, but it is certainly not a game of luck. There is a surprising amount of skill in the game. Backgammon is an easy game to learn. It's fast-actioned, and fun to play either face-to-face on a real board or over the Internet. You will spend many enjoyable years learning and improving at this game. "Backgammon is an easy game to play, but not easy to play well." Daniel Murphy "People think the game consists primarily of mathcalculating odds and so forth. That's not true. It's essentially a game of patterns, a visual game, like chess." Paul Magriel "It's a game of skill and luck. When I win I can claim it's due to my good skill. When I lose I can claim it's due to my bad luck." David Forthoffer A backgammon board . Thirty counters or checkers in two colors, fifteen of the same color for each player. A pair of dice numbered from 1 to 6. For convenience, two pairs of dice (one pair for each player) is best. A dice cup , for shaking and rolling the dice. Again, it is better to have two dice cups. A doubling cube for keeping track of the stakes of the game. See Q: How do you set up the board? There are two ways to set up a backgammon board, both really the same. The first illustration shows the setup when you are plaing White and your checkers move counterclockwise around the board. Red's checkers go in the opposite direction. Both players bear off to the right; you at the lower-right, your opponent at the upper-right. The second illustration shows the setup when your checkers move clockwise around the board. Red's checkers go in the opposite direction, and both players bear off to the left. Notice when you bear off to your right, your opponent will be bearing off to their left, and vice versa. Q: Who goes first? To decide who goes first, you and your opponent each roll one die. In the case of a tie, you both roll again. The player who rolls the higher number goes first. That player does not roll the dice again; they play the two numbers just rolled on their first turn. Notice that the player who goes first never has doubles on their first turn because ties on the first roll are always broken. Q: What is a gammon? A backgammon? If you bear off all fifteen of your checkers before your opponent has borne off any of theirs, you win a gammon , or double game. If you bear off all fifteen of your checkers before your opponent has borne off any of theirs and they have one or more checkers in your home board or on the bar, you win a backgammon , or triple game. Q: What are the inner and outer tables? Most backgammon boards fold in half. The two halves of the board are called the inner table and the outer table. The side the inner table is on depends on how you set up the checkers. If you bear your checkers off to the right, then the inner table is on your right; if you bear off to the left, then the inner table is on your left. Your home board and your opponent's home board are both located in the inner table. Q: What is the mid-point? That is the name of the point on your opponent's side of the board where you have a stack of five checkers at the start of the game. It is also called your "13-point" because the checkers on that point are 13 spaces away from being borne off. The opponent's mid-point is your 12-point. [See diagram below.] No, you must play your roll if there is any legal way to do so. If you can't play all of your numbers, you must play as many as you can. So if


Where was the specific location of the nuclear accident in the USA in 1979?

Three Mile Island | TMI 2 |Three Mile Island Accident. - World Nuclear Association Three Mile Island Accident (March 2001, minor update Jan 2012) In 1979 at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in USA a cooling malfunction caused part of the core to melt in the #2 reactor. The TMI-2 reactor was destroyed. Some radioactive gas was released a couple of days after the accident, but not enough to cause any dose above background levels to local residents. There were no injuries or adverse health effects from the Three Mile Island accident. The Three Mile Island power station is near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in USA. It had two pressurized water reactors. One PWR was of 800 MWe (775 MWe net) and entered service in 1974. It remains one of the best-performing units in USA. Unit 2 was of 906 MWe (880 MWe net) and almost brand new. The accident to unit 2 happened at 4 am on 28 March 1979 when the reactor was operating at 97% power. It involved a relatively minor malfunction in the secondary cooling circuit which caused the temperature in the primary coolant to rise. This in turn caused the reactor to shut down automatically. Shut down took about one second. At this point a relief valve failed to close, but instrumentation did not reveal the fact, and so much of the primary coolant drained away that the residual decay heat in the reactor core was not removed. The core suffered severe damage as a result. The operators were unable to diagnose or respond properly to the unplanned automatic shutdown of the reactor. Deficient control room instrumentation and inadequate emergency response training proved to be root causes of the accident The chain of events during the Three Mile Island Accident Within seconds of the shutdown, the pilot-operated relief valve (PORV) on the reactor cooling system opened, as it was supposed to. About 10 seconds later it should have closed. But it remained open, leaking vital reactor coolant water to the reactor coolant drain tank. The operators believed the relief valve had shut because instruments showed them that a "close" signal was sent to the valve. However, they did not have an instrument indicating the valve's actual position. Responding to the loss of cooling water, high-pressure injection pumps automatically pushed replacement water into the reactor system. As water and steam escaped through the relief valve, cooling water surged into the pressuriser, raising the water level in it. (The pressuriser is a tank which is part of the primary reactor cooling system, maintaining proper pressure in the system. The relief valve is located on the pressuriser. In a PWR like TMI-2, water in the primary cooling system around the core is kept under very high pressure to keep it from boiling.) Operators responded by reducing the flow of replacement water. Their training told them that the pressuriser water level was the only dependable indication of the amount of cooling water in the system. Because the pressuriser level was increasing, they thought the reactor system was too full of water. Their training told them to do all they could to keep the pressuriser from filling with water. If it filled, they could not control pressure in the cooling system and it might rupture. Steam then formed in the reactor primary cooling system. Pumping a mixture of steam and water caused the reactor cooling pumps to vibrate. Because the severe vibrations could have damaged the pumps and made them unusable, operators shut down the pumps. This ended forced cooling of the reactor core. (The operators still believed the system was nearly full of water because the pressuriser level remained high.) However, as reactor coolant water boiled away, the reactor?s fuel core was uncovered and became even hotter. The fuel rods were damaged and released radioactive material into the cooling water. At 6:22 am operators closed a block valve between the relief valve and the pressuriser. This action stopped the loss of coolant water through the relief valve. However, superheated steam and gases blocked the flow of water through the core cooling syst


The American Bill Viola is associated with which art form?

Bill Viola | Sedition | Digital Art for Sale & Exhibitions FollowFollowingUn-follow American artist Bill Viola (b. 1951) is internationally recognised as one of today’s leading artists. Since the 1970s, he has created ground-breaking video artworks and in doing so has been instrumental in establishing this as a vital form of contemporary art practice. Utilising state of the art technologies, Viola has produced videotapes, architectural video installations, sound environments, electronic music performances, flat-panel video pieces and works for television broadcast. Viola uses video to explore the phenomena of sense perception as an avenue to self-knowledge. Exploring fundamental human experiences including birth, death and changing states of consciousness, the artist engages with Eastern and Western art traditions, as well as proposing religious or spiritual ideas deriving from Zen Buddhism, Islamic Sufism and Christian mysticism.  Viola’s art has led to him travel the world, and in 1979 both he and his wife and long-time collaborator Kira Perov travelled to the Sahara desert, Tunisia, to record mirages. The following year Viola was awarded a US and Japan Creative Artist Fellowship and they lived in Japan for over a year where they studied Zen Buddhism. Viola also became the first artist in residence at Sony Corporation's Atsugi research laboratories. Viola and Perov returned to the US at the end of 1981 and settled in Long Beach, California. In 1987 they travelled for five months throughout the American Southwest photographing Native American rock art sites, and recording nocturnal desert landscapes. More recently, at the end of 2005, they journeyed with their two sons to Dharamsala, India, to record a prayer blessing with the Dalai Lama. Music has always been an important part of Viola's life and work, and in 2000, he created a three-song video suite for the rock group Nine Inch Nails' world tour. Among Viola’s numerous solo exhibitions since 1973 are Projects, the Museum of Modern Art, New York (1979); Bill Viola: Survey of a Decade, Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, Texas (1988); Bill Viola, Fukui Fine Arts Museum, Fukui, Japan (1989); Bill Viola: Unseen Images, Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, Germany (1993-4). Viola represented the United States at the Venice Biennale in 1995. In 1997, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York organised a major 25-year survey of his work, which travelled to six museums in Europe and the United States. In 2002, Viola presented his most ambitious work to date, the digital ‘fresco’ cycle Going Forth By Day, commissioned by the Deutsche Guggenheim Berlin and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. Since then, major exhibitions of Viola’s work have been organised by the J. Paul Getty Museum (2003) and the Mori Art Museum in Tokyo (2006), and Blain Southern in London (2011 and 2013). In 2011 he was awarded the Praemium Imperiale in the category of painting, a prestigious global art prize awarded annually by the Japan Art Association.  Bill Viola lives and works in Long Beach, California.


In the internationally recognised educational organisation 'IBO'', for what does the letter 'B' stand?

Do you want an IB education for your child? 6. Personal, Social and Physical education What are the subjects in MYP? Subjects in the Middle Years Programme (MYP) are: 1. 1st Language 3. Humanities (History and Geography) 4. Sciences (Biology, Chemistry & Physics) 5. Mathematics (Number, Algebra, Geometry, Statistics, and Discrete Mathematics) 6. Arts (Visual Arts and Performing Arts) 7. Physical Education What are the subjects in DP? DP students choose one subject from each of the following six 'Subject Groups': Group 1: First Language (English) Group 2: Second Language (French, Hindi, etc). Group 3: Individuals and Societies (History, Economics, Business and Management, etc). Group 4: Sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Systems). Group 5: Mathematics and Computer Science. Group 6: Electives (either Visual Arts or a second subject from Groups 3, 4 or 5). In addition, all DP students must study a two-year course called Theory of Knowledge (TOK); work to produce an Extended Essay (EE); and engage in Creativity, Action, and Service (CAS). What are TOK, EE and CAS? Theory of Knowledge is an essay of 1,200-1,600 words written on a given title (from a choice of ten), followed by a ten-minute presentation of the essay by the DP student in class. Extended Essay is an original independent research leading a DP student to produce a comprehensible written piece of 3,500-4,000 words in any chosen subject and title. Under Creative, Action and Service, each DP student must complete at least 150 hours spread out over one-and-a-half years, engaging in some form of Creativity, participating in sport or other physical Action, and doing social Service. What are IB World Schools? Schools recognised by the International Baccalaureate Organisation and offering the IB curriculum are known as IB World Schools. There are just 18 IB World Schools in India scattered over 11 cities. Five of these schools have begun offering IB in the past five months alone. The list of IB World Schools in India is as follows: Western India American School of Bombay, Mumbai -- Day school offering PYP, MYP & DP Dhirubhai Ambani International School, Mumbai -- Day school offering DP Ecole Mondiale World School, Mumbai -- Day school offering DP Jamnabai Narsee School, Mumbai -- Day school offering DP Ahmedabad International School, Ahmedabad -- Day School offering PYP Mahatma Gandhi International School, Ahmedabad -- Day school offering MYP Mahindra United World College of India, Pune -- Boarding school offering DP Mercedes-Benz International School, Pune -- Day school offering PYP & MYP North India American Embassy School, Delhi -- Day school offering DP The British School, Delhi -- Day school offering DP Pathways World School, Gurgaon -- Boarding school offering PYP & DP SelaQui World School, Dehra Dun -- Boarding school offering DP South India Canadian International School, Bangalore -- Mixed (Boarding & Day) school offering DP The International School of Bangalore, Bangalore � Mixed (Boarding & Day) school offering DP Oakridge International School, Hyderabad -- Day school offering PYP Chinmaya International Residential School, Coimbatore -- Boarding school offering DP Good Shepherd International School, Ooty � Boarding school offering DP Kodaikanal International School, Kodaikanal � Boarding school offering DP East India No IB Schools in Eastern India yet. Only one IB World School in India, The American School of Bombay, is an IB-only school (offering no other curriculum). It is also the only IB World School in India to offer all the three programmes, PYP, MYP and DP. Can a student do the IB Diploma after completing his/ her schooling through a different board? Although the PYP, MYP and DP form a continuous sequence, each can be offered independently too. A CBSE student can join the IB Diploma Programme for 10+2 level qualifications instead of the Class 12 CBSE, ICSE or State Board exams. Is the IB recognised in India and worldwide? The rigorousness and high standards of IB ensure that colleges and universities around the worldwide recognise the


Which American state is nicknamed the Com Husker state?

The State of Nebraska - An Introduction to the Cornhuskers State from NETSTATE.COM The State of Nebraska State Capitol Building, Lincoln Welcome to Nebraska, a land of distinct natural beauty. Prairies extend for miles, pine-covered buttes dot the landscape, endless fields of wheat bend in the breezes, and huge herds of cattle roam on vast grazing lands. It is easy to visualize the Old West in the land of Nebraska. This is the territory of the Pony Express, the Overland Stage, Boot Hill, the Oregon and Mormon Trails. This is where the mighty Missouri flows, and where the Sioux and the Omaha have flourished. This is where historical figures, like Crazy Horse and Chief Red Cloud, Walter Reed, and Lewis and Clark played out the early history of the American West. The stagecoaches and steam locomotives may be gone today, but the days of trappers and traders, of pioneers and explorers, remain in the spirit of Nebraska. THE STATE NAME: The state of Nebraska is actually named after the Platte River from the French meaning "broad river." The Omaha Indians called the river "ibôápka" also meaning "broad river." In 1842, John Charles Frémont used the word Nebraska in referencing the Platte River and this was the name that was given to the territory when it was created in 1854. THE STATE NICKNAMES: The Cornhusker State (Official) "The Cornhusker State" officially replaced "The Tree Planters State" in 1945 in recognition of The University of Nebraska football team, the Cornhuskers. It is now more generally associated with all University of Nebraska athletics. It is also said that this nickname refers to the corn that supports Nebraska beef cattle and another state nickname; "The Beef State." "Cornhusker State" appeared on Nebraska license plates from 1969 to 1975. Nebraska National Forest, Largest Hand-planted Forest in U.S. The Tree Planters State (Prior Official) Officially designated by an act of the Nebraska legislature on April 4, 1895, "The Tree Planters State" nickname was offered as a more fitting representation of the state than others that were in use at the time. This name refers to the millions of trees planted by early Nebraska settlers as windbreaks, orchards and fuel woodlots. Arbor Day was founded in 1872 by J. Sterling Morton of Nebraska City and Nebraska's U.S. Senator Phineas W. Hitchcock introduced the Timber Culture Act in 1873. "The Tree Planters State" was officially replaced by "The Cornhusker State" in 1945. The Beef State This nickname is in reference to one of Nebraska's main industries; beef. With about 2 million head of beef cows, it's easy to understand why Nebraska is sometimes referred to as "The Beef State." "The Beef State" was carried on Nebraska license plates from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s. The Antelope State This nickname was given to Nebraska, around 1870, to honor the abundant antelope that graced the state's prairies. The Bug-eating State An interesting name to say the least. It's said that this reference is to the abundance of bull bats that gobble up insects in the state. These bats are called "bug-eaters" by some Nebraskans. The Blackwater State Nebraska was sometimes called "The Blackwater State" because of the rich black Nebraska soil that darkened the streams.