Golfer Bobby Jones was born in which state?

Bobby Jones (1902-1971) | New Georgia Encyclopedia Stephen R. Lowe , Olivet Nazarene University, Bourbonnais, Illinois, 06/18/2002 Last edited by Chris Dobbs on 09/23/2016 The greatest amateur golfer ever, Bobby Jones dominated his sport in the 1920s. In the eight seasons from 1923 to 1930, Jones won thirteen major championships, including five U.S. Amateurs, four U.S. Opens, three British Opens, and one British Amateur. On September 27, 1930, he became the only man to win all four major titles in one season, completing the "Grand Slam" of golf. Then, while still in his athletic prime at the age of twenty-eight, he retired from competition to devote more time to his family and his law practice . Robert Bobby Jones  Tyre "Bobby" Jones II was born to Clara Thomas and Robert Purmedus Jones on March 17, 1902, in Atlanta . He was named after his paternal grandfather, a prominent businessman from Canton (Jones later adopted "Jr." out of respect for his father). In 1907 his father, a successful attorney, joined the Atlanta Athletic Club, which owned the East Lake Country Club in DeKalb County , where the family spent every summer thereafter. It was at East Lake that Bobby Jones learned to play golf, mostly by mimicking the swing of the club's professional, Stewart Maiden. Jones dramatically improved his skill with each passing summer. After winning many regional events, in the fall of 1916 he entered his first national competition, the U.S. Amateur, held at the Merion Cricket Club near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although he was eliminated in the third round, the fourteen-year-old exceeded the expectations of most observers and was quickly dubbed the nation's top golf prodigy. Unfortunately, Jones did not continue to meet either his own or others' expectations. Throughout the next seven seasons, he failed to win anything bigger than a regional event. To make matters worse, Jones developed a reputation as a spoiled, club-throwing hothead. A perfectionist by nature, he was easily angered and too immature to handle his mistakes on the links. Jones's most egregious example of unsportsmanlike behavior occurred at the 1921 British Open. After struggling through the front side of the third round, he simply picked up his ball on the eleventh hole, figuratively "tore up his scorecard," and quit. In the winter of 1922-23 Jones experienced a metamorphosis; he evolved from a temperamental youth into a disciplined young gentleman on and off the course. He won his first major title, the U.S. Open, later that year to begin his eight-season domination of the sport. Aside from the Grand Slam in 1930, Jones's most impressive achievement is his record in the U.S. Open. In the 1920s Jones won the event four times and also had four runner-up finishes. His career is all the more remarkable considering that he competed as an amateur rather than as a professional. Always displaying a sense of modesty, Jones regularly reminded his fans that some things were more important than winning. He became famous, for example, for calling penalty strokes on himself, even when it cost him a championship. Moreover, Jones never accepted prize money, did not play as often as most professionals, and chose to focus on the national championships. Those choices allowed him time to pursue other priorities, including his education and family. In 1922 Jones graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology with a degree in engineering. Two years later he added a second bachelor's degree, this one in English literature from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Then in the fall of 1926, Jones enrolled in Emory University 's law program. After just three semesters, he passed the Georgia bar exam and began practicing law at his father's firm early in 1928. Jones's most important priority, though, was his family. In the summer of 1924 he married Mary Malone. Over the next seven years, the couple had three children, Clara Malone, Robert Tyre III, and Mary Ellen. Although Jones retired from competition in 1930, he did not retire from the golf world or from public lif


What was the world's first atomic-powered ship called?

Nuclear-Powered Ships | Nuclear Submarines - World Nuclear Association Nuclear-Powered Ships (Updated June 2016) Nuclear power is particularly suitable for vessels which need to be at sea for long periods without refuelling, or for powerful submarine propulsion. Over 140 ships are powered by more than 180 small nuclear reactors and more than 12,000 reactor years of marine operation has been accumulated. Most are submarines, but they range from icebreakers to aircraft carriers. In future, constraints on fossil fuel use in transport may bring marine nuclear propulsion into more widespread use. So far, exaggerated fears about safety have caused political restriction on port access. Work on nuclear marine propulsion started in the 1940s, and the first test reactor started up in USA in 1953. The first nuclear-powered submarine, USS Nautilus, put to sea in 1955. This marked the transition of submarines from slow underwater vessels to warships capable of sustaining 20-25 knots submerged for weeks on end. The submarine had come into its own. Nautilus led to the parallel development of further (Skate-class) submarines, powered by single pressurised water reactors, and an aircraft carrier, USS Enterprise, powered by eight Westinghouse reactor units in 1960. A cruiser, USS Long Beach, followed in 1961 and was powered by two of these early units. Remarkably, the Enterprise remained in service to the end of 2012. By 1962 the US Navy had 26 nuclear submarines operational and 30 under construction. Nuclear power had revolutionised the Navy. The technology was shared with Britain, while French, Russian and Chinese developments proceeded separately. After the Skate-class vessels, reactor development proceeded and in the USA a single series of standardised designs was built by both Westinghouse and GE, one reactor powering each vessel. Rolls Royce built similar units for Royal Navy submarines and then developed the design further to the PWR-2. Russia developed both PWR and lead-bismuth cooled reactor designs, the latter not persisting. Eventually four generations* of submarine PWRs were utilised, the last entering service in 1995 in the Severodvinsk class. * 1955-66, 1963-92, 1976-2003, 1995 on, according to Bellona. The largest submarines are the 26,500 tonne (34,000 t submerged) Russian Typhoon-class, powered by twin 190 MWt PWR reactors, though these were superseded by the 24,000 t Oscar-II class (eg Kursk) with the same power plant. The safety record of the US nuclear navy is excellent, this being attributed to a high level of standardisation in naval power plants and their maintenance, and the high quality of the Navy's training program. However, early Soviet endeavours resulted in a number of serious accidents – five where the reactor was irreparably damaged, and more resulting in radiation leaks. There were more than 20 radiation fatalities.* Nevertheless, by Russia’s third generation of marine PWRs in the late 1970s safety and reliability had become a high priority. (Apart from reactor accidents, fires and accidents have resulted in the loss of two US and about 4 Soviet submarines, another four of which had fires resulting in loss of life.) * The K-19 accident at sea in 1961 due to cooling failure in an early PWR resulted in 8 deaths from acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in repairing it (doses 7.5 to 54 Sv) and possibly more later as well as many high doses. The K-27 accident at sea in 1968 also involved coolant failure, this time in an experimental lead-bismuth cooled reactor, and 9 deaths from ARS as well as high exposure by other crew. In 1985 the K-431 was being refuelled in Vladivostok when a criticality occurred causing a major steam explosion which killed 10 workers. Over 200 PBq of fission products was released causing high radiation exposure of about 50 others, including ten with ARS. Lloyd's Register shows about 200 nuclear reactors at sea, and that some 700 have been used at sea since the 1950s. Nuclear Naval Fleets Russia built 248 nuclear submarines and five naval surface vessels (plus 9 icebreakers) powered by 468 reac


Which soap boasted a cafe called the Hot Biscuit?

The Food Timeline history notes--state foods 3/4 cup white sugar 3/4 cup boiling water Mix flour, 1/2 cup sugar, baking powder, salt. Stir in milk, vanilla, butter. Spread batter in buttered 8 X 8 pan. Scatter blueberries over batter. Sprinkle sugar over berries. Pour boiling water over all. Bake at 375 degree oven for 45 min. or unitl brown and done in center. Berries sink to bottom and form juice. Serve hot with light cream; or cold, topped with ice cream." ---Juneau Centennial Cookbook, Jane Stewart, Phyllice F. Bradner, Betty Harris (p. 43) About Alaska's blueberries: I & II . "Rhubarb Crisp Mix and place in greased baking pan: 3 C diced rhubarb, 1/4 C sugar Blend until crumbly and spread on top: 2/3 C butter, 2/3 C brown sugar, 2/3 C white sugar, 1 C flour, dash of salt. Bake in 350 degree oven for 40 minutes. Serve with whipped cream or ice cream." ---ibid (p. 49) "Governor George Parks' Sourdough Cook 3 large potatoes and mash well. To mashed potatoes, add 1 pint of potato water. When lukewarm, add 1/2 cake yeast and 2 C flour. Cover and put in warm place 48 hours. To use: take out 2 C and add 1/2 tsp soda, pinch salt, 2 T sugar and enough flour to make a hot cake batter. Add a little oil. To start add 2 C flour and 2 C water. Cook on griddle." ---ibid (p. 54) edible  symbols include milk & pink tomato. The state cooking vessel is the Dutch Oven . Historic Arkansas foodways: "Most of the early pioneers who moved west bypassed what is now Arkansas and its  Ozark Mountains because of the rocky landscape and poor soil. In the late 1700s and  early 1800s, however, hard-working farmers from Kentucky, Illinois, and Tennessee,  who were used to farming under difficult conditions, settled in Arkansas. They brought  their recipes for curing hams, roasting pork ribs over open fires, and baking soda biscuits  and molasses cakes...Since Arkansas borders the South, the Southwest, and the Midwest,  it has a mixture of cuisines. Plantation cookery of the Mississippi Valley, the hill cooking  of the Ozarks, and the Mexican influcences of Texas and Oklahoma all combine to make  a unique style of food...There is a great emphasis of real "down-home" flavors. Fried pork  chops with a light-brown cream gravy to which bits of sausage have been added have  remained a favorite dish. Sausage is also used in poultry stuffings, along with cooked  rice. Arkansas-style chicken is prepared by first simmering the chicken pieces in a skillet  and then baking them in the oven with a Creole sauce. Each region of Arkansas has its  own unique food. In the southern bayou country, roast duck, candied yams, fried chicken,  fluffy biscuits and peach cobblers are often served. Around Texarkana, pinto beans and  barbecued beef of the Southwest are typical fare. Along the Mississippi River, catfish are  popular in stews and fried...In the hill coutnry of the Ozarks, dishes such as bacon with  cracklin's corn bread, baked beans, wilted lettuce with bacon and vinegar, bread and apple  jelly, and ginger bread for dessert are traditional everyday fare...Roasted raccoon, roasted  beaver-tail, and baked opossum are Arkansas soul food...Arkansans prefer hot bread with  their meals...They like steaming-hot corn breads, hot biscuits, or fresh-out-of-the-oven  rolls. Strawberry shortcake is a favorite dessert of Arkansans...The Arkansas version of  the shortcake usese a crisp, buttery biscuit, which is split in half, soaked in strawberry  juice, and then topped with a mound of whipped cream and fresh strawberries...Over the  past 50 years, Arkansas has become an important poulty-producing state, as well as a  major producer of fruits, vegetables, rice, and soybeans. In the 1840s Arkansas farmers  began experimenting with orchards. Their apples soon won first prizes...Peaches also  became an important Arkansas fruit crop." ---Tastes of the States: A Food History of America, Hilde Gabriel Lee [Howell  Press:Charlottesville VA] 1992 (p. 106-9) "The folks in Arkansas have so many good things to eat, and such different foods at different seas


Which architect designed the Seagram Building, New York City?

Seagram Building New York - e-architect Home > New York > Seagram Building New York Seagram Building New York Published by Adrian Welch updated on July 6, 2016 Seagram Building, New York Tower, Architect, Date, Address, Wells Fargo Manhattan Skyscraper, Design Seagram Building New York Wells Fargo Manhattan Tower, USA : Key 20th Century Skyscraper in the United States 6 + 5 Jul 2016 Seagram Building New York City Seagram Building in New York City Wells Fargo office building on Park Avenue images from 24 Jun – 2 Jul 2016 © Adrian Welch: Seagram building at night: Location: 375 Park Avenue, New York, NY, USA Date: 1954-58 Design: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Architect; Philip Johnson Classic International Style design – this building exhibits clean Modernist lines. The Seagram Building faces the podium and tower of Lever House by architects Skidmore Owings & Merrill across Park Avenue. Both buildings feature in most histories of 20th Century architecture. This well-respected skyscraper located between 52nd Street and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan. It was the world’s most expensive skyscraper upon completion. The tower is 515 feet (157 m) high. It has 38 stories. The building is made from a steel structure with non-structural glass walls hung off it. Cladding and interior materials include bronze, marble and travertine. To preserve a semblance of order externally the window blinds were designed to operate in only three positions: open, halfway open, or closed. Philip Johnson became an associate for architect Mies van der Rohe on the Seagram Building in 1955: he worked on interiors such as the Four Seasons Restaurant.


Which gossip columnist was born in the same day as Sir Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin?

Mysteries and More: This Day in History � August 6 This Day in History ï¿½ August 6 Posted by HoneyBee on 8/6/2016, 2:22 am 205.200.150.144 Born this Day 1809 Alfred Lord Tennyson ï¿½ British poet laureate (The Charge of the Light Brigade, In Memoriam, The Lady of Shallot, Ulysses, Morte D'Arthur) Tennyson was born into a chaotic and disrupted home. His father, the eldest son of a wealthy landowner, was disinherited in favour of his younger brother. Forced to enter the Church to support himself, the Rev. Dr. George Tennyson became a bitter alcoholic. However, he educated his sons in the classics, and Alfred Tennyson, the fourth of 12 children, went to Trinity College at Cambridge in 1827. At Cambridge, Tennyson befriended a circle of intellectual undergraduates who strongly encouraged his poetry. In 1830, Tennyson published Poems, Chiefly Lyrical. The following year, his father died, and he was forced to leave Cambridge for financial reasons. Besieged by critical attacks and struggling with poverty, Tennyson remained dedicated to his work and published several more volumes. In 1850 Queen Victoria named him poet laureate. At long last, Tennyson achieved financial stability and finally married his fiancï¿½e Emily Sellwood, whom he had loved since 1836. He continued writing and publishing poems until his death in 1892 1881 Leo Carrillo - Actor (The Cisco Kid, Pancho Villa Returns, Phantom of the Opera) 1881 Sir Alexander Fleming - Scottish bacteriologist who discovered penicillin in 1928 at St. Maryï¿½s Hospital, Paddington, London, when green mould appeared on a culture dish. Scientists usually discarded these, but Fleming decided to make a close examination 1881 Louella Parsons - Gossip columnist who competed in print and on radio with her nemesis, Hedda Hopper 1892 Hoot (Edmund) Gibson - Actor (Death Valley Rangers, Frontier Justice, The Marshal's Daughter, The Prairie King) 1910 Charles Crichton ï¿½ British film director (The Lavender Hill Mob, A Fish Called Wanda) 1911 Lucille Ball ï¿½ Comedienne and actress (I Love Lucy, The Lucy Show, Yours Mine and Ours, Mame, Stage Door) She starred as a ditzy wife in the radio show My Favourite Husband. When CBS decided to launch the popular series on the relatively new medium of TV, Lucy insisted her husband Desi Arnaz be cast as her husband in the TV version. The network executives argued that no one would believe the couple were married, but Desi and Lucy performed before live audiences and filmed a pilot, which convinced network executives that audiences would respond well to their act 1917 Robert Mitchum - Actor (The Sundowners, Cape Fear, Scrooged, The Winds of War, The Big Sleep, The Friends of Eddie Coyle) 1922 Sir Freddie Laker ï¿½ British entrepreneur who pioneered cheap air-flights. His Laker Airlines went bust in 1982 1926 Frank Finlay ï¿½ Scottish actor (Casanova, The Molly Mcguires, Longitude) He played Inspector Lestrade in the Sherlock Holmes movie, Murder by Decree, and he also played Professor Coram in the Sherlock Holmes episode The Golden Pince-Nez 1928 Andy Warhol ï¿½ US pop artist who became a cultural icon. He coined the phrase, "In the future everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes" 1930 Abbey Lincoln - Actress (For Love of Ivy, Mo' Better Blues) 1937 Barbara Windsor ï¿½ British actress (EastEnders, Alice in Wonderland, Carry On films) 1938 Peter Bonerz - Actor (The Bob Newhart Show, 9 to 5, Catch -22) He has also directed many TV episodes (ALF, Murphy Brown, Home Improvement, Friends, The Bob Newhart Show) 1947 Oliver Tobias ï¿½ Swiss-born British actor (The Brylcreem Boys, Sharpe's Waterloo, The Paper Man, The Wicked Lady, Smuggler) He played Captain Croker in the Sherlock Holmes episode, The Abbey Grange 1950 Dorian Harewood ï¿½ Actor (Full Metal Jacket, The Jesse Owens Story, Pacific Heights, Amerika, The Falcon and the Snowman, Glitter, Strike Force, Looker, Beulah Land, Roots: The Next Generations, Gray Lady Down, Panic in Echo Park) 1951 Catherine Hicks - Actress (Marilyn, Peggy Sue Got Married, The Bad News Bears, Star Trek 4) 1956 Stepfanie Kra


In what year was the first performance of Copland's ballet Rodeo?

Aaron Copland / Timeline // Copland House …where America's musical past and future meet Aaron Copland: Timeline of a Musical Life Aaron Copland at the Piano (compiled by Michael Boriskin) 1900—Born on November 14 in Brooklyn to Sarah Mittenthal and Harris Copland, the youngest of five children (Ralph, Leon, Laurine, and Josephine) 1906—Attends Public School 111 in Brooklyn 1909—Begins to make up songs at the piano 1910-13—Attends summer camp (Camp Carey at Wilkes-Barre, PA) 1911—Earliest existing piece of music; begins piano lessons with sister Laurine 1914—Begins studies with first professional piano teacher, Ludwig Wolfsohn in Brooklyn 1916—Hears first symphony concert in Brooklyn 1917—First public performance as a pianist 1918—Graduated from Boys’ High School, Brooklyn 1917-21—Studies harmony and counterpoint with Rubin Goldmark 1919-21—Studies piano with Clarence Adler Aaron Copland 1921—Enrolls at newly-established American Conservatory at Fontainebleau in May; attends harmony class of Nadia Boulanger and begins composition studies with her in October 1922—First work published (by Durand): Le chat et la Souris (composed 1920); writes the Passacaglia for piano and first large-scale work, the ballet Grohg (revised 1932) 1924—First important article published, Gabriel Fauré, A Neglected Master (The Musical Quarterly) 1925—First major performances of an orchestral work, Symphony for Organ and Orchestra at Aeolian Hall (Nadia Boulanger, organist, with Walter Damrosch conducting the New York Symphony) and in Boston (with Serge Koussevitzky conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra); first visit to MacDowell Colony to work on Music for the Theatre; receives the first-ever Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship (renewed in 1926); writes first of many articles for Modern Music 1927—First major performance of Copland as pianist, World Premiere of his Piano Concerto (composed 1926) with Koussevitzky and the Boston Symphony; begins lectures at New School for Social Research, New York (continuing for ten years, eventually developing some of these into his book What to Listen for in Music) 1928—Initiates Copland-Sessions Concerts with composer Roger Sessions, an important series mostly in New York devoted exclusively to contemporary music (continuing to 1932, averaging two concerts per season); joined the League of Composers (remaining a member until 1954); helps to establish Cos Cob Press, devoted to publishing works by young American composers; completes first important chamber work, Vitebsk 1929—Wins the RCA Victor Composers’ Competition with Dance Symphony (along with Ernest Bloch, Robert Russell Bennett, and Louis Gruenberg); completes Symphonic Ode 1930—First visit to Yaddo, Saratoga Springs, NY; composes first major work for solo piano, Piano Variations; Organizes Festival of Contemporary Music at Yaddo (and a second one in 1932) 1932—First visit to Mexico, arranged by Carlos Chavez, which includes first all-Copland program (organized by Chavez at the Conservatorio Nacional de Music on September 2nd: Two Pieces for String Quartet, Piano Variations, Two Pieces for Chorus, and Music for the Theatre); joins the Board of Directors of the League of Composers; joins a social and professional collective called Young Composers’ Group (including Arthur Berger, Henry Brant, Lehman Engel, Vivian Fine, Bernard Herrmann, Elie Siegmeister, and others) 1934—First performance of a staged work, the ballet Hear Ye! Hear Ye! by Ruth Page Ballets (in Chicago) Aaron Copland at his Desk 1935—Teaches for the first time at Harvard, replacing Walter Piston on leave in spring semester; organizes five concerts at the New School, each devoted to the music of one composer (Harris, Thomson, Sessions, Piston, and Copland) 1936—Writes regular column (“Scores and Records” for Modern Music, which continues until 1939); completes El Salon Mexico 1937—Composes The Second Hurricane, a "play-opera" for the Henry Street Settlement Music School in New York City, directed by Orson Welles, to be performed by children and adults 1938—Publisher becomes Boosey & Hawkes, to


Ferihegy international airport is in which country?

Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Guide (BUD) Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Guide (BUD) Book and Go Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Guide (BUD) Airport info Nemzetközi Repülőtér, 1185 Budapest, Hungary Location: Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport is located 16km (10 miles) southeast of Budapest. No. of terminals: 2 Dialling code: +36 Telephone: +36 1 296 7000 Timezone: GMT ++01:00 Previously known as Budapest Ferihegy International Airport, the Hungarian capital’s main airport is the largest in the country. Our Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport guide includes airport contact details, as well as information on transportation and nearby hotels. Airport news :  Terminal 1 remains closed, all flights currently depart from Terminal 2A and Terminal 2B. There are plans for a car park extension, new airport hotel and new terminal 2C at Budapest Ferenc Lizst International Airport, with completion expected by 2020. Information :  Help desks are situated in Terminals 2A and 2B. Tourist information desks are located immediately after customs in the terminals. Website :  The SkyCourt building links Terminals 2A and 2B. Driving directions :  From the city centre, the dedicated Ferihegy High Speed Road (Route 4) facilitates access to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport. The airport is also just off Route M5/E60, which connects Budapest to Szeged. The journey time is approximately 30 minutes. Public Transport Public transport rail :  Rail: Regular trains, operated by Hungarian State Railways (tel: +36 1 349 4949; www.mav.hu ), run from Budapest Nyugati Railway Station to central Budapest (journey time: under 30 minutes; fare: Ft320). The 200E bus links the station to Terminals 2A and 2B during the day, while bus 900 links the airport and the station at night. Metro: The 200E bus also links to Kőbánya-Kispest Metro Station for the Metro network (tel: +36 1 461 6500; www.bkv.hu ). This station is on Metro line M3. Public transport road :  Bus: The pre-pay local express bus 200E runs between the underground Metro terminus, Köbánya-Kispest, and the airport terminals. Passengers may wish to alight at Deák tér where the three underground lines converge; bus 93 also connects this destination to Terminal 1. The fare into central Budapest is Ft350. For more information contact BKV (tel: +36 1 461 6500; www.bkv.hu ). Shuttle: There is a minibus service to any address in Budapest operated by miniBUD (tel: +36 1 550 0000; www.minibud.hu ), which has a desk in the arrivals hall. Taxi: Taxis are available from the taxi stand outside the arrivals areas, with Főtaxi (tel: +36 1 222 2222; www.fotaxi.hu ) the main supplier. A ride to the city centre should typically cost around Ft6,500, depending on traffic conditions. Terminal facilities Money :  Banking facilities, ATMs and bureaux de change are available in the terminals and the SkyCourt link building. Communication :  Free Wi-Fi internet access is available at Budapest Ferenc Lizst International Airport. There is a post office in Terminal 2A. Food :  There are various restaurants and snack bars throughout Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport. These include a pub, bar and restaurants serving Hungarian, Greek, Italian and Asian specialities. Shopping :  A good selection of shops can be found at Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport; including fashion boutiques, a shop selling Hungarian food and wine, souvenir shops and newsagents. Duty-free shopping for passengers leaving the EU is available in the SkyCourt and in Terminal 2A and 2B. Luggage :  A lost property service is on hand for enquiries about items lost at the airport (tel: +36 70 332 4006). A 24-hour left-luggage service is located in the arrivals area of Terminal 2B. Lockers are available on the ground floor of the SkyCourt. Other :  Other services available at Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport include a chapel, in Terminal 2B, childcare facilities and a first aid service. Additionally, there is a chapel in Terminal 2B and an observation deck is open for visit


Who was the defending champion when Virginia Wade won the Wimbledon singles?

History - 2000s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM  READ MORE 2000: Venus Williams v Lindsay Davenport A decade of Williams dominance began on 8 July 2000, when elder sister Venus defeated defending champion Lindsay Davenport 6-3, 7-6(3). The win came two days after 20-year-old Venus had defeated her then 18-year-old sister Serena in the semis, and 10 months after Serena had won the US Open. The Williamses thus became the first sisters in the Open era to win Grand Slam titles. Though many suspected that the American siblings would be a force to be reckoned with over the coming years, few could have predicted just how the first 10 years of the new millennium would belong to the Williamses, with SW19 proving to be a particularly happy hunting ground. Venus’s win over Davenport, which came thanks to a combination of powerful services and groundstrokes, crisp volleys and tireless running, which made her opponent look decidedly flat-footed, was the first of five titles on Wimbledon’s lawns to go with the US Open titles which she won in 2000 and 2001.  Only Maria Sharapova in 2004 and Amelie Mauresmo in 2006 managed to break the Williams hegemony during that magical decade. 2000: Pat Rafter v Andre Agassi Andre Agassi versus Pat Rafter was always a good one for the fans to watch. The American was one of the best returners in the game and wore out a path along the baseline, while the Aussie was an attacker who felt most at home at the net. In the space of 12 months they played three Grand Slam five-setters between June 2000 and June 2001, two of them at Wimbledon (where they had already met twice, Agassi winning in 1993 and 1999). All of them were classics, none more so than at The Championships 2000. Rafter parlayed his serve-and-volley to a one-set lead, but Agassi found his range on his passing shots to level at one-all. Errors in the American’s game again handed Rafter the advantage but Agassi could never be counted out over the Grand Slam distance and duly fought back to take it to a fifth set. The match went down in the annals as a classic, primarily due to the number of rallies it contained. Though the Australian tried to keep the points short on his own service, he managed to disrupt Agassi with his returning game full of heavy slice from the baseline. The American cracked first, and Rafter found himself in his first Wimbledon final. 2000: Pete Sampras wins seventh title  Wimbledon was where Pete Sampras felt most at home and none but the most foolish were prepared to write him off. Having battled tendonitis in his right knee on his way to the final, the American was left to face Australia’s Pat Rafter for his seventh Wimbledon title and his record-breaking 13th Grand Slam trophy. Sampras stumbled through the first set tiebreak, offering it up with a double fault but then sniffed the scent of blood as Rafter blew a 4-1 lead in the second. At a set apiece, Sampras, at last, began to settle and as the night drew in, he closed out his emotional 6-7, 7-6, 6-4, 6-2 victory. He burst into tears and then ran for the back of the stands to find his parents, Sam and Georgia, who had flown in overnight to see their son make history. It was Sampras's last great moment at the All England Club. Two lean and title-free years later, he was rewriting the record books again, winning his 14th grand slam title at the US Open by beating Agassi. That, he thought, was enough and with nothing left to achieve and no prospect of bettering those last two grand slam triumphs, he called it a day. History could take care of itself from now on. 2001: Tim Henman v Goran Ivanisevic  Friday 6 July Croat Goran Ivanisevic had started The Championships as a wild card, but the tennis he went on to produce defied his world ranking of No.125. The day’s first semi-final was a marathon and when rain brought a halt to the Henman-Ivanisevic clash after just three sets at 6.18pm, it was the Briton who was in charge. Although Ivanisevic had clinched a tight opening set 7-5, Henman hit back to nick the second on a tie-break before racing thro


Who is the youngest female tennis player to win the US Open?

The ten youngest tennis players in the WTA top 100 | STEVE G TENNIS The ten youngest tennis players in the WTA top 100 Tweet Not so long ago, women’s tennis was chock-full of teenage champions. A 16-year-old Tracy Austin threatened the Evert-Navratilova duopoly in the late 1970s. Monica Seles won the French Open at the same age in 1990. Martina Hingis broke countless “youngest ever” records and won five Grand Slam titles before she turned 19. Recently, however, the average age on the WTA Tour has been creeping up. This has a lot to do with the age restrictions introduced after Jennifer Capriati – a top ten player at the age of 14 – suffered burnout and personal problems in the mid-nineties. But the demanding physical nature of the modern game also makes it harder for young players to challenge for the biggest prizes. In days gone by, teens lacking in muscle were able to finesse their way to the top; in the 21st century, they are simply blown off the court. So which of today’s teenage cohort will prevail at tomorrow’s Grand Slams? Here is a look at where the ten youngest players in the WTA top 100 (as of April 20th, 2015). Youngest players in the WTA Top 100: 1. Ana Konjuh – Age 17 (27 Dec 1997) 2. Belinda Bencic – Age 18 (10 Mar 1997) 3. Katerina Siniakova – Age 18 (10 May 1996) 4. Carina Witthoeft – Age 20 (16 Feb 1995) 5. Madison Keys – Age 20 (17 Feb 1995) 6. Tereza Smitkova – Age 20 (10 Oct 1994) 7. Anna Karolina Schmiedlova – Age 20 (13 Sep 1994) 8. Elina Svitolina – Age 20 (12 Sep 1994) 9. Alison van Uytvanck – Age 21 (26 Mar 1994) 10. Daria Gavrilova – Age 21 (05 Mar 1994) Outside the top 100, there are a few more very gifted players who will sooner or later make their move up the rankings. One to watch out for is Catherine Bellis, who at the age of 16 ( 08 Apr 1999) has already shown some great talent and skills. She is our top contender for the future No.1 ranking spot.   Join the Stevegtennis.com tennis club for free. Just enter your email below for... Tennis news updates once a week. Special offers on tennis gear. Unsubscribe at any time. We will never share your email. Email


How many 'victories' did The Red Baron claim in aerial dogfights?

The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen - Top WW1 German Ace The Red Baron - Top Ace of WWI, 80 victories By Stephen Sherman , Aug. 2001. Updated Aug. 1, 2012. The Red Baron was one of those heroes whose life seems almost scripted. Discipline, pride, hunting skills, and Teutonic patriotism all combined in this man, bringing him to the pinnacle of fame which long outlasted the man himself. "Curse you, Red Baron," cried Snoopy, the Mitty-esque canine ace of Charles Schultz' Peanuts comic strip. But Richthofen was no caricature, methodically claiming 80 aerial victories, before falling himself, in a Wagnerian finale. Youth Born on May 2, 1892 to a Prussian noble family, junker landholders, Manfred von Richthofen, learned to hunt at an early age. Growing up in Silesia (now part of Poland) young Manfred learned from his father, a Uhlan career officer, and his maternal Schickfuss relatives. In the protected game forests, he and his brothers, Lothar and Bolko, hunted wild boar, elk, birds, and deer, collected and displayed their trophies in their castle. Later, the great ace would bring the same love of the hunt and love of victory to his aerial battles. He entered the Prussian cadet corps (military school) at age eleven, where he was an indifferent student. In 1911, he entered Uhlan Regiment Number 1, which he enjoyed, at least insofar as the opportunities it gave him to ride horses. He first fought on the Russian front, where the highlight of his cavalry exploits seemed to be capturing and locking up a Russian priest in his own bell tower. Transferred to the West, his Uhlan regiment spent several enjoyable, peaceful months in the rear areas. An assignment to the quartermaster corps didn't satisfy Richthofen. "My dear Excellency," he wrote, "I have not gone to war to collect cheese and eggs ..." He asked to serve with a flying unit. In May, 1915, his request was granted. Flier Soon, he was back in the East, as a reconnaissance flier and then a bomber. During June, July and August, 1915, he remained with the 69th Flying Squadron which participated in Mackensen's advance from Gorlice to Brest-Litovsk. He had joined it as quite a junior observer and he had no special expertise. As a cavalryman his business had consisted in reconnoitering. So the Aviation Service as an observer was in his line and he enjoyed the long reconnoitering flights which they undertook nearly every day. Still dissatisfied, he complained again and was removed to Ostend on the Western front, as a back-seat observer in a reconnaissance plane. With pilot Lt. Zeumer, they patrolled over the North Sea, and once spotted a submarine beneath the water, but did not bomb it as they could not determine its nationality. His first encounter with an English airplane, on September 15, 1915, ended without real damage to either plane; but gunner Richthofen and pilot Zeumer both thought that the other could have handled the combat better. Transferred to the Champagne front, he flew with pilot Osteroth. With his ring-mounted machine gun, he managed to shoot down a Farman aircraft, but could not get credit for the kill, as it fell behind Allied lines. His hunter's instinct had been awakened. Still determined to join the great hunt in the skies, he started pilot training in October, 1915, making his first solo on the 10th. He damaged the plane on landing and had to take more training at Doberitz. On Christmas Day, 1915, he passed his examination. In connection with it, he flew to Schwerin, where the Fokker works are situated. From Schwerin flew to Breslau, to Schweidnitz, to Luben and then returned to Berlin. During his tour, he landed in many places in between, visiting relatives and friends. Being a trained observer, he did not find it difficult to find his way. In March, 1916, he joined KampfGeswchader 2 before Verdun and learned learned how to handle a fighting two-seater airplane. Assigned a two-seat Albatros BII reconnaissance plane (max speed 66 MPH, 100 HP engine, ceiling 9,840 feet), he rigged a machine gun on the upper wing, much like the Nieuport 11. Piloting this Alba


Which great guitarist had the first names Aaron Thibodaux?

Perfect Sound Forever: Guitar Slim- The Things That He Used to Do! One of the only known pictures of Guitar Slim live by Ted Barron (June 2009) On February 7, 1959, Eddie "Guitar Slim" Jones died of complications from pneumonia in New York City. While he was on an East Coast tour of one-nighters, his breathing had become increasingly difficult. Ignoring doctors� orders, he continued drinking his daily ration of a pint of gin and a fifth of black port wine. Earlier that week, Slim went to his bandleader, Lloyd Lambert, claiming to be too sick to play. "My time is up," he said. Slim knew he was done for. He started a gig in Rochester, but couldn't finish the first song. In Newark the following night, he collapsed after finishing the show. The band drove in to New York City and got him a doctor in Harlem. They drove around the corner, checked into the Cecil Hotel, and Slim checked out on the doctor�s table before they could return to retrieve him and get him to the hospital. He was 32 years old. Back home in Louisiana, Mardi Gras was in full swing. His death was barely noticed due to another tragedy earlier that week, when Buddy Holly's plane went down in a cold Iowa night. We all know that story. Here's Slim's, or at least what can be pieced together of it. Five years earlier, Slim had a number-one hit on the Billboard R&B charts for six weeks straight with "The Things That I Used to Do," on Specialty Records. He claims the song came to him in a dream. In the dream, an angel fought a devil, each of them holding a set of lyrics to a song. Guess who won. Like another great bluesman keen on perpetuating his own myth while "walking side by side" with the Devil, and whose story is also shrouded in mystery, contradiction, and hearsay, Slim's life started in the richly fertile region of the Mississippi Delta. Eddie Lee Jones was born in Greenwood, Mississippi, in 1926. His mother died when he was 5, and he was sent to live with his grandfather at the L.C. Hayes Plantation, near Hollandale. He worked the fields, picking cotton and plowing behind a mule. His first instrument was the piano. He was allegedly fluent in boogie-woogie, and according to his first wife, he could hear any song once on a jukebox and sing it back immediately. He got his start as an entertainer, not as a musician but as a dancer. Eddie Jones, also known at the time as "Limber-Legged Eddie," would regularly show up at juke joints and clear the floor with an acrobatic repertoire of splits, jumps, twirls, and gyrations with any woman who could keep up with him. He married one of these women, 16-year-old Virginia Dumas, and was soon drafted into the army, where he served briefly in the Pacific at the end of World War II. Upon his return in 1946, he took a job working a cotton press. At the Harlem Club, in Hollandale, he befriended (and sometimes played piano behind) local and traveling musicians, including Robert Nighthawk, whose guitar prowess entranced the young Mr. Jones. In 1948, he left Dumas and Hollandale, surfacing in Arkansas, where he spent the next two years dancing in Delta juke joints with Willie Warren's band. It was Warren who showed Jones how to play the guitar. Jones was a quick learner, and in 1950, he told Warren that he was leaving to go to New Orleans to make records and was going to call himself Guitar Slim. Slim hit New Orleans to little fanfare. He hung out in a booth at a bar in the French Quarter playing guitar for wine, tips, and whatever else he could scrounge up. One story has him dressed in a black suit and a white hat playing on a bridge in the 9th Ward, practicing and trying to get noticed. Singer Geri Hall first heard Slim playing electric guitar at top volume on his front step at six o�clock in the morning, much to his neighbors� dismay. He soon met 15-year-old piano player Huey Smith, and they started playing together. They made their formal debut on August 26, 1950, at the Dew Drop Inn. Also on the bill that night were a female impersonator and a shake dancer. Slim�s repertoire at the time was heavy on covers of Clarence "Ga


Who first coined the term paradigm for all the factors that influence the scientist's research?

Thomas Kuhn: the man who changed the way the world looked at science | Science | The Guardian The Observer Thomas Kuhn: the man who changed the way the world looked at science Fifty years ago, a book by Thomas Kuhn altered the way we look at the philosophy behind science, as well as introducing the much abused phrase 'paradigm shift' Illustration by Scott Garrett. Click for the full image Saturday 18 August 2012 19.05 EDT First published on Saturday 18 August 2012 19.05 EDT Share on Messenger Close Fifty years ago this month, one of the most influential books of the 20th century was published by the University of Chicago Press. Many if not most lay people have probably never heard of its author, Thomas Kuhn, or of his book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , but their thinking has almost certainly been influenced by his ideas. The litmus test is whether you've ever heard or used the term "paradigm shift", which is probably the most used – and abused – term in contemporary discussions of organisational change and intellectual progress. A Google search for it returns more than 10 million hits, for example. And it currently turns up inside no fewer than 18,300 of the books marketed by Amazon . It is also one of the most cited academic books of all time . So if ever a big idea went viral, this is it. The real measure of Kuhn's importance, however, lies not in the infectiousness of one of his concepts but in the fact that he singlehandedly changed the way we think about mankind's most organised attempt to understand the world. Before Kuhn, our view of science was dominated by philosophical ideas about how it ought to develop ("the scientific method"), together with a heroic narrative of scientific progress as "the addition of new truths to the stock of old truths, or the increasing approximation of theories to the truth, and in the odd case, the correction of past errors", as the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy puts it. Before Kuhn, in other words, we had what amounted to the Whig interpretation of scientific history, in which past researchers, theorists and experimenters had engaged in a long march, if not towards "truth", then at least towards greater and greater understanding of the natural world. Kuhn's version of how science develops differed dramatically from the Whig version. Where the standard account saw steady, cumulative "progress", he saw discontinuities – a set of alternating "normal" and "revolutionary" phases in which communities of specialists in particular fields are plunged into periods of turmoil, uncertainty and angst. These revolutionary phases – for example the transition from Newtonian mechanics to quantum physics – correspond to great conceptual breakthroughs and lay the basis for a succeeding phase of business as usual. The fact that his version seems unremarkable now is, in a way, the greatest measure of his success. But in 1962 almost everything about it was controversial because of the challenge it posed to powerful, entrenched philosophical assumptions about how science did – and should – work. What made it worse for philosophers of science was that Kuhn wasn't even a philosopher: he was a physicist, dammit. Born in 1922 in Cincinnati, he studied physics at Harvard, graduating summa cum laude in 1943, after which he was swept up by the war effort to work on radar. He returned to Harvard after the war to do a PhD – again in physics – which he obtained in 1949. He was then elected into the university's elite Society of Fellows and might have continued to work on quantum physics until the end of his days had he not been commissioned to teach a course on science for humanities students as part of the General Education in Science curriculum. This was the brainchild of Harvard's reforming president, James Conant , who believed that every educated person should know something about science. The course was centred around historical case studies and teaching it forced Kuhn to study old scientific texts in detail for the first time. (Physicists, then as now, don't go in much for history.) Kuhn's


Sam Neill - Biography - IMDb Sam Neill Jump to: Overview  (3) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trivia  (18) | Personal Quotes  (10) Overview (3) 5' 11¾" (1.82 m) Mini Bio (1) Sam Neill was born in Omagh, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland, to army parents, an English-born mother, Priscilla Beatrice (Ingham), and a New Zealand-born father, Dermot Neill. His family moved to the South Island of New Zealand in 1954. He went to boarding schools and then attended the universities at Canterbury and Victoria. He has a BA in English Literature. Following his graduation, he worked with the New Zealand Players and other theater groups. He also was a film director, editor and scriptwriter for the New Zealand National Film Unit for 6 years. Sam Neill is internationally recognised for his contribution to film and television. He is well known for his roles in Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park and Jane Campion's Academy Award Winning film The Piano. Other film roles include The Daughter, Backtrack opposite Adrian Brody, Deux Ex Machina, F2014, A Long Way Down, The Tomb, The Hunter with Willem Dafoe, Daybreakers, Legend of the Guardians: The Owls Of G'Ahoole, Little Fish opposite Cate Blanchett, Skin, Dean Spanley, Wimbledon, Yes, Perfect Strangers, Dirty Deeds, The Zookeepers, Bicenntial Man opposite Robin Williams, The Horse Whisperer alongside Kristin Scott Thomas, Sleeping Dogs, My Brilliant Career. He received Emmy and Golden Globe nominations for the NBC miniseries Merlin. He also received a Golden Globe nomination for One Against The Wind, and for Reilly: The Ace of Spies. The British Academy of Film and Television honoured Sam's work in Reilly by naming him Best Actor. Sam received an AFI Award for Best Actor for his role in Jessica. Other television includes House of Hancock, Rake, Doctor Zhivago, To the Ends of Earth, The Tudors with Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Cruseo, Alcatraz and recently in Old School opposite Bryan Brown, Peaky Blinders alongside Cillian Murphy, The Dovekeepers for CBS Studios. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Shanahan Management Spouse (2) (1978      - 1989) (divorced) (1 child) Trivia (18) One son, Tim Neill (b.1983), with Lisa Harrow , a daughter Elena Neill with Noriko Watanabe , and a step-daughter Maiko. Met wife Noriko Watanabe on the set of Dead Calm (1989), where she worked as a make-up artist. He has homes in Beverly Hills, Sydney and New Zealand. Awarded the O.B.E. for Service to Acting (1993). "Best Actor on British Television" for Reilly: Ace of Spies (1983), Australian Film Institute Award "Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role" for A Cry in the Dark (1988) (aka "Cry in the Dark (1988)"). His vineyard is in the Gibbston Valley, Otago. His wine is a Pinot Noir called Two Paddocks. One of the original candidates for the fourth and fifth actor to portray James Bond - 007 in The Living Daylights (1987) and GoldenEye (1995). Timothy Dalton and Pierce Brosnan ended up as James Bond, respectively. Montana is a recurring element in his films: in The Hunt for Red October (1990) he wants to live in Montana; in The Horse Whisperer (1998) he goes to Montana to find with his wife; in Jurassic Park (1993) he is digging up fossils in Montana. He is one of the three founders of Huntaway Films, along with his good friends John Clarke and Jay Cassells . Was considered for the role of the villainous "Doc Ock" in Spider-Man 2 (2004). His wife ended up as the principal make-up & hair stylist for Kirsten Dunst in the movie. He is a big fan of The Beach Boys . Moved to New Zealand at age 7. Good friends with musicians Neil Finn , Tim Finn and Jimmy Barnes . Born to Priscilla Beatrice (Ingham), who was English, and Dermot Neill, a New Zealand army officer. His ancestry includes English, Anglo-Irish (Northern Irish), and Irish. Studied at the University of Canterbury and at the Victoria University in Wellington, from which he graduated with a BA in English Literature. Owns a winery, Two Paddocks, in the Central Otago region of New Zealand. It was started in 1993. Suffered with a stammer when he was younger. Has fluent Iris


Brilliant, Troubled Dorothy Parker | by Robert Gottlieb | The New York Review of Books Brilliant, Troubled Dorothy Parker edited by Kevin C. Fitzpatrick iUniverse, 483 pp., $34.95 (paper) by Dorothy Parker, edited by Colleen Breese, with an introduction by Regina Barreca Penguin, 447 pp., $18.00 (paper) by Dorothy Parker, edited by Marion Meade Penguin, 390 pp., $18.00 (paper) edited and with an introduction by Marion Meade Penguin, 626 pp., $20.00 (paper) Simon and Schuster, 318 pp. (1970) Jacob Lofman/Condé Nast Archive/Corbis Dorothy Parker and Alan Campbell at their farmhouse in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 1937 What are we to make today of this famous woman who, beginning almost a century ago, has fascinated generations with her wit, flair, talent, and near genius for self-destruction? For some, what registers most strongly is her central role in the legend of the Algonquin Round Table, with its campiness of wisecracks, quips, and put-downs—a part of her life she would come to repudiate. For others, it’s the descent into alcoholism, and the sad final years holed up in Manhattan’s Volney Hotel. Pick your myth. As for her writing, it has evoked ridiculous exaggeration from her votaries, both her contemporaries and her biographers. Vincent Sheean: “Among contemporary artists, I would put her next to Hemingway and Bill Faulkner. She wasn’t Shakespeare, but what she was, was true.” John Keats in his biography of her, You Might as Well Live (1970): “She wrote poetry that was at least as good as the best of Millay and Housman. She wrote some stories that are easily as good as some of O’Hara and Hemingway.” This is praise that manages to be inflated and qualified at the same time. And here is Regina Barreca, a professor of English literature and feminist theory at the University of Connecticut, in her introduction to the Penguin edition of the Complete Stories: “If Parker’s work can be dismissed as narrow and easy, then so can the work of Austen, Eliot, and Woolf.” Well, no. Exaggerated claims don’t strengthen the case for Parker’s literary accomplishments. As is inevitably the case with criticism grounded in agenda, they diminish it. But this doesn’t mean that her work is without value or interest. Certainly she struck a chord with the public: from the start, her voice spoke to a wide range of readers. Her generally sardonic, often angry, occasionally brutal view of men and women—of love and marriage, of cauterized despair—triggered recognition and perhaps even strengthened resolve. She told the truth as she perceived it, while using her wit and humor to hold at arm’s length the feelings that her personal experiences had unleashed in her. An uncanny modern descendant is Nora Ephron in her novel Heartburn, which reimagines her ugly and painful breakup with Carl Bernstein as a barbed comedy. In 1915, Parker, aged twenty-two, went to work at Vogue (for ten dollars a week), writing captions, proofreading, fact-checking, etc., and after a while moved over to the very young Vanity Fair; her first poem to be published had recently appeared there. She happily functioned as a kind of scribe-of-all-work until three years later she was chosen to replace the departing P.G. Wodehouse as the magazine’s drama critic. She was not only the youngest by far of New York’s theater critics, she was the only female one. It was at the magazine that she met the lovable and sympathetic Robert Benchley, who would become the closest friend of her life, as well as Robert Sherwood, long before his four Pulitzer Prizes (three for drama, one for biography). They became a threesome, and started eating lunch together at the nearby Algonquin Hotel because it was affordable and the food was okay. At about the same time, another threesome drifted in, graduates of Stars and Stripes, the overseas army’s weekly newspaper. They were Alexander Woollcott, Harold Ross, and Franklin Pierce Adams, who as “F.P.A.” was the most influential newspaper columnist of the day. Soon Adams was quoting Parker’s Vanity Fair verses and, even more effectively, her bon mots. Quickly


In which month in 1997 was The Notorious B.I.G. gunned down?

March 9, 1997: Notorious B.I.G. Killed Video - ABC News ABC News East Coast rapper Biggie Smalls is gunned down in a drive-by shooting in L.A. 3:00 | 09/08/14 Coming up in the next {{countdown}} {{countdownlbl}} Coming up next: More information on this video Enhanced full screen Transcript for 3/9/97: Notorious B.I.G. Killed This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate. Now Playing: 9/14/82: Grace Kelly Dies Now Playing: 9/13/93: PLO-Israeli Peace Agreement Now Playing: 9/15/01: Pres. Bush Declares War on Terror Now Playing: 9/15/83: Israeli PM Begin Resigns Now Playing: 9/17/01: Stock Market Reopens Now Playing: 4/29/1983: Chicago's First Black Mayor Now Playing: 4/28/1986: Chernobyl Disaster Now Playing: 4/4/68: MLK Assassinated Now Playing: 6/26/90: Bush Breaks 'No New Tax' Policy Now Playing: 4/24/1989: Central Park Jogger Attacked Now Playing: 4/24/1990: Hubble Telescope Now Playing: 4/26/1980: Hostages in Iran Moved Now Playing: 4/27/1994: First Interracial Elections in S. Africa Now Playing: 4/25/1990: Nicaraguan President Chamorro Now Playing: 4/30/2004: Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal Now Playing: 4/30/1992: Rodney King Case Verdict Now Playing: 4/30/1970: U.S. Invades So. Vietnam Now Playing: 4/13/70: Apollo 13 in Trouble Now Playing: 4/14/72: Nixon Visits Canada Now Playing: 4/14/88: Soviet Troops Leave Afghanistan Now Playing: {{itm.title}} {"id":13084580,"title":"3/9/97: Notorious B.I.G. Killed","duration":"3:00","description":"East Coast rapper Biggie Smalls is gunned down in a drive-by shooting in L.A.","url":"/Archives/video/march-1997-notorious-big-killed-13084580","section":"Archives","mediaType":"default"}


What was the official occupation of Sir Anthony Blunt who was unmasked as a Soviet spy in 1979?

Anthony Blunt | Bletchley Park Bletchley Park Anthony Blunt October 5, 2009 by bletchleyadmin Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907, Bournemouth, Hampshire – 26 March 1983, Westminster, London), known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO between 1956 and 1979, was a British spy, art historian, Professor of the History of Art at the University of London, director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, London (1947-74), and Surveyor of the King’s Pictures (1945-72). Blunt was an acclaimed art critic and the “Fourth Man” of the Cambridge Five, a group of traitors and spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. Blunt was born in Bournemouth, the third and youngest son of a vicar, the Revd (Arthur) Stanley Vaughan Blunt (1870–1929) and his wife, Hilda Violet (1880–1969), daughter of Henry Master of the Madras civil service.  He was the brother of writer Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt and of numismatist Christopher Evelyn Blunt, and the grandnephew of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt. Blunt is frequently spoken of as a distant relative of Queen Mary (Mary of Teck) – generally Prince Michael of Hesse is given as their common cousin – however, the exact lineage is never produced.  He was, however, demonstrably a cousin of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the late Queen Mother, through his mother, Hilda V. Master, daughter of John Henry Master, son of Frances Mary Smith, sister of Oswald Smith, father of Frances Dora Smith, mother of Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, father of Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, making Blunt and the Queen Mother third cousins, by common descent from George Smith and his wife Frances Mary Mosley. He was educated at Marlborough College, where he joined the College’s secret ‘Society of Amici’, in which he was a contemporary of Louis MacNeice (whose unfinished autobiography The Strings are False contains numerous references to Blunt), John Betjeman and Graham Shepard.  He later read mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge, and earned his first degree in that subject.  But he switched to Modern Languages, eventually graduating in 1930, to become a teacher of French.  He became a Fellow of the college in 1932, and was a member of the Cambridge Apostles, a secret society which at that time was largely Marxist, formed from members (students, alumni, and professors) of Cambridge University. After visiting the Soviet Union in 1933, Blunt was recruited in 1934 by the NKVD.  A committed Communist, Blunt was recruited by his student Guy Burgess at Cambridge although there is reason to believe that Blunt, the older, was control.  He joined the British Army in 1939 and in 1940 was recruited to MI5, the military intelligence department.  He passed on ULTRA intelligence from decrypted Enigma intercepts to the Soviet Union.  He reached the rank of major. As World War II was ending, Blunt successfully undertook a special mission to the defeated Germany on behalf of the British Royal Family, to recover incriminating letters written by the Duke of Windsor to Adolf Hitler.  The mission may have also recovered the so-called ‘Vicky Letters’, between Queen Victoria and some of her German relatives. Following the defection in May 1951 of fellow spies Guy Burgess and Donald Duart Maclean to the Soviet Union, Blunt came under suspicion as well.  He had been a close, longtime friend of Burgess, from their time at Cambridge. Maclean was in imminent danger of being unmasked as a spy by decryptions from VENONA.  Blunt was interrogated by MI5 in 1952, but gave little, if anything, away.  Blunt was knighted in 1956 by the British Government for his work for MI5. In January 1964, Arthur Martin from MI5 interviewed Michael Straight (later owner and editor of The New Republic and chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts), an American who had studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, and who had become friends there with Blunt, Kim Philby, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess.  Straight claimed that Blunt had tried to recruit him to become a Soviet spy.  Arthur Martin and Jim Skardon ha


Which famous name was accused f the abduction of Stompie Seipei?

What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old "Stompie" The Murder of 14 yr old "Stompie" The Murder of James "Stompie" Seipei  James Seipei (1974–1988), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, was a teenage African National Congress (ANC) activist from Parys in South Africa. He was kidnapped and murdered on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the Mandela United football club. Moeketsi joined the street uprising against apartheid in the mid 1980s at age ten, and soon took on a leading role. He became the country's youngest political detainee when he spent his 12th birthday in jail without trial. At the age of 13 he was expelled from school . Moeketsi was kidnapped on 29 December 1988 after a school rally, accused of being a police informer and murdered at the age of 14. His body was found in Soweto with his throat slit. Jerry Richardson, one of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, was convicted of the murder.  He claimed that she had ordered him to abduct four young men from Soweto, of whom Stompie was the youngest. The four were severely beaten and Stompie's body was later recovered by the police. Involvement of Winnie Mandela Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (born Nomzamo Winfreda Madikizelza; 26 September 1936) is a South AfricanAfrican National Congress Women's League. She is currently a member of the ANC's National Executive Committee. Although still married to Nelson Mandela at the time of his becoming president of South Africa in May 1994, she was never the first lady of South Africa, as the couple had separated two years earlier after it was revealed that Winnie had been unfaithful during Nelson's incarceration. Their divorce was finalized on 19 March 1996, with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Winnie Mandela's attempt to obtain a settlement up to US$5 million, half of what she claimed her ex-husband was worth, was dismissed when she failed to appear at court for a financial settlement hearing. A controversial activist, she is popular among her supporters, who refer to her as the 'Mother of the Nation', yet reviled by others, mostly due to her alleged involvement in several human rights abuses, including the 1989 kidnap of 14-year old ANC activist Stompie Moeketsi, who was later murdered. In March 2009, the Independent Electoral Commission ruled that Winnie Mandela, who was selected as an ANC candidate, could run in the April 2009 general election, despite having a fraud conviction.    Early life Her Xhosa name is Nomzamo. Nomzamo means "trial (having a hard time in life)". She was born in the village of eMbongweni, Bizana, in the Pondo region of what is now South Africa's Eastern Cape Province. She held a number of jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei, including with the Transkei government, living at various times in Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg.   She met lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957. They were married in 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (also called Zeni) (b.1959) and Zindzi (b.1960). In June 2010, Winnie was treated for shock after the death of her great-granddaughter, Zenani, who was killed in a car accident on the eve of the opening of South Africa's World Cup. She has diabetes. Despite restrictions on education of blacks during apartheid, Mandela earned a degree in social work from the Jan Hofmeyer School in Johannesburg, and several years later earned a Bachelor's degree in international relations from the University of Witwatersrand, also in Johannesburg. She is also a qualified Social Worker. Apartheid Mandela emerged as a leading opponent of the white minority rule government during the later years of her husband's long imprisonment (August 1963 – February 1990). For many of those years, she was exiled to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except for the times she was allowed to visit her husband at the prison on Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. During the 1980s as w


What was the highest rank Charles Lindbergh attained?

Charles Lindbergh | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh Signature Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974), nicknamed Slim, [1] Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist. As a 25-year-old U.S. Air Mail pilot, Lindbergh emerged suddenly from virtual obscurity to instantaneous world fame as the result of his Orteig Prize -winning solo non-stop flight on May 20–21, 1927, made from Roosevelt Field [N 1] in Garden City on New York's Long Island to Le Bourget Field in Paris, France, a distance of nearly 3,600 statute miles (5,800 km), in the single-seat, single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane Spirit of St. Louis . As a result of this flight Lindbergh was the first person in history to be in New York one day and Paris the next. Lindbergh, a U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve officer, was also awarded the nation's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor , for his historic exploit. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Lindbergh used his fame to promote the development of both commercial aviation and Air Mail services in the United States and the Americas. In March 1932, his infant son, Charles, Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what was soon dubbed the "Crime of the Century" . It was described by journalist H.L. Mencken, as "... the biggest story since the resurrection." [2] The kidnapping eventually led to the Lindbergh family being "driven into voluntary exile" in Europe to which they sailed in secrecy from New York under assumed names in late December 1935 to "seek a safe, secluded residence away from the tremendous public hysteria" in America. The Lindberghs returned to the United States in April 1939. Before the United States formally entered World War II , Lindbergh had been an outspoken advocate of keeping the U.S. out of the world conflict, as had his father, Congressman Charles August Lindbergh , during World War I . Although Lindbergh was a leader in the anti-war America First movement, he nevertheless strongly supported the war effort after Pearl Harbor and flew many combat missions in the Pacific Theater of World War II as a civilian consultant even though President Franklin D. Roosevelt had refused to reinstate his Army Air Corps colonel's commission that he had resigned in April 1941. In his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific prize-winning author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist. Contents Edit Charles A. Lindbergh: son and father c. 1910 Although born in Detroit, Michigan, on February 4, 1902, Charles Agustus Lindbergh spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota , and Washington, D.C.. He was the third child of Swedish immigrant Charles August Lindbergh ( birth name Carl Månsson) (1859–1924), and only child of his second wife, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954), of Detroit although the Lindberghs separated in 1909 when their son was seven. [3] Lindbergh's father, a U.S. Congressman (R-Minnesota (6th)) from 1907 to 1917, was one of just fifty House members to vote against (373-50) the entry of the U.S. into World War I. [4] Mrs. Lindbergh was a chemistry teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit and later at Little Falls High School from which her son graduated on June 5, 1918. Lindbergh also attended over a dozen other schools from Washington, D.C., to California during his childhood and teenage years (none for more than a year or two), including the Force School and Sidwell Friends School while living in Washington with his father, and Redondo Union High School in Redondo Beach, California while living there with his mother. [5] Although he enrolled in the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in late 1920, Lindbergh dropped out in the middle of his sophomore year and headed for Lincoln, Nebraska, in March 1922 to begin flight training. [6] Early aviation career Edit From an early age Charles Lindbergh had exhibited an interest in the mechanics of motorized transportation, including his family's Saxon Six automo


Who was the second person to make a solo transatlantic flight?

On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Trans-Atlantic Flight more » Associated Press Amelia Earhart poses in front of the plane in which she completed her solo flight across the Atlantic, May 21, 1932, Derry, Ireland. On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Trans-Atlantic Flight May 20, 2011 06:00 AM by      findingDulcinea Staff On May 20, 1932, Amelia Earhart took off from Newfoundland; she landed in Ireland nearly 15 hours later, becoming the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Earhart Becomes Second Person to Fly Solo Across Atlantic Aviation phenomenon Amelia Earhart first made headlines in 1928 when she became the first woman to cross the Atlantic as a passenger on a trans-Atlantic airplane flight. Though she received international fame, Earhart did not think she deserved it ; “I was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes,” she remarked. Four years later, Earhart attempted to make the flight on her own. Just one person, Charles Lindbergh , had flown solo across the Atlantic. A female aviator, Ruth Nichols , had attempted the flight in 1931, but had crashed in Canada. On May 20, 1932, five years to the day after Lindbergh’s flight, Earhart took off from Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, in her red Lockheed Vega 5B . She encountered many difficulties; “Earhart fought fatigue, a leaky fuel tank, and a cracked manifold that spewed flames out the side of the engine cowling,” writes the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum. “Ice formed on the Vega's wings and caused an unstoppable 3,000-foot descent to just above the waves.” She had planned to fly to Paris—the same destination as Lindbergh—but the weather and mechanical problems forced her to land at a farm near Derry, Ireland , completing the flight in 14 hours and 56 minutes. She described her landing in a pasture: “After scaring most of the cows in the neighborhood, I pulled up in a farmer’s back yard.” Related Content Charles Lindbergh “ Many have said that the last great spectacular feat of this sort which remained in aviation would be a solitary Atlantic crossing by a woman,” the Manchester Guardian wrote. “Without male or other assistance, but relying on her own ability as a pilot, her own skill in the extremely difficult navigation which the Atlantic demands, she has succeeded in proving that the flight is not beyond the knowledge and the capacity for sustained endurance which a woman can acquire.” Earhart was lavished with honors , receiving a tickertape parade in New York and being awarded a National Geographic Society medal by President Hoover and the Distinguished Flying Cross by Congress. The New York Times: The Lady Vanishes: Amelia Earhart Amelia Earhart , born in 1897 in Kansas, worked as a nurse’s aide and a social worker before learning to fly and buying her own plane in 1921. She set the women’s altitude record in 1923, and in 1928 was offered the opportunity by publicist George Putnam—her future husband—to be the first woman to take part in a trans-Atlantic flight. Earhart went on to form the Ninety-Nines , the first organization of female pilots, with 98 other aviatrixes, and set other women’s flying records before her 1932 trans-Atlantic flight. Later, she became the first person to fly the Atlantic alone twice, and the first woman to fly nonstop across the United States. Her flying career ended with her disappearance in 1937 during an attempt to circumnavigate the globe . Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, were flying from Lae, New Guinea, to the Pacific Ocean island of Howland in one of the final legs of the flight. Despite massive search and rescue missions, her body was never found. The cause of her disappearance and her ultimate fate remain a mystery. “ Earhart’s disappearance spawned countless theories involving radio problems , poor communication, navigation or pilot skills, other landing sites, spy missions and imprisonment, and even living quietly in New Jersey or on a rubber plantation in the Philippines,” according to the National Air and Space Museum. “The most reasonable explanation, based o


Who became commanding general of the First Armored Corps in 1941?

The United States Army - Team Bliss Search 1AD History The 1st Armored Division's commitment to the civic and military values for which "Old Ironsides" has been renowned for half a century (patriotism, discipline, readiness, self-sacrifice, combined arms cooperation, shock action, decisiveness, and generosity in victory) remains relentlessly strong today. The distinctive insignia of the 1st Armored Division is drawn in bold colors characteristic of the division. The insignia is designed from the triangular coat-of-arms of the American World War II Tank Corps. The yellow, blue, and red colors of the shoulder sleeve insignia represent the combined arms nature of the armored division (Armor, Infantry, and Artillery). Superimposed on the triangle is the insignia of the former Seventh Cavalry Brigade (Mechanized), the predecessors of the Old Ironsides. The tank track represents mobility and armor protection, the gun denotes firepower, and the chain of lightening symbolizes speed and shock action. Mobility, firepower, and shock action are the basic attributes of Armor. The Arabic numeral in the apex of the triangle indicates the First Armor Division. The nickname of the division, officially sanctioned by the Department of the Army is emblazoned under the triangle and is an integral part of the insignia. OLD IRONSIDES DESIGNATION The 1st Armored Division was activated at Fort Knox on July 15, 1940. Its first commander was Major General Bruce R. Magruder from July 1940 to March 1942.  In 1941 General George S. Patton Jr. had just named his 2nd Armored Division "Hell on Wheels" and everyone thought that the 1st Armored Division needed a name too. Major General Bruce Magruder announced a contest to find a suitable name for his Division. Approximately 200 names were submitted including "Fire and Brimstone" and "Kentucky Wonders." The General took them home to study over the weekend but failed to find any that appealed to him. While mulling the matter over, he happened to glance at a painting of the U.S.S. Constitution that he had bought during a drive for funds for the preservation of that famous fighting ship. From the painting of the U.S.S. Constitution USS Constitution he noted its nickname, "Old Ironsides". Impressed with the parallel between the early development of the tank and the Navy's "Old Ironsides" spirit of daring and durability he decided the 1st Armored Division should also be named "Old Ironsides." Thus a famous warship of the US Navy and the famous 1st Armored Division of the US Army are historically and appropriately welded by name "Old Ironsides." That ended the search for a name. The 1st Armored Division became "Old Ironsides" that same day and forty months of fighting later testified that its name was well chosen. This was a fighting Division. NORTH AFRICA As part of Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of French Northwest Africa, November 8, 1942. In doing so, Old Ironsides became the first American Armored Division to see combat. Although encountering unexpectedly heavy Vichy-French opposition, the Allied invasion force suppressed all resistance in the beachhead within three days.  The Division then advanced toward Tunisia where it clashed with Axis forces and learned many hard lessons in armored warfare. Harsh conditions and primitive roads spoiled an early opportunity to capture Tunisia and cut off Rommel's supply lines.  January 1943 found the Division under control of the II Corps. Old Ironsides received the mission of defending central Tunisia against an Axis counterattack. A month later, the 1st Armored Division collided with a superior German armored force at Kasserine Pass. Sustaining heavy personnel and equipment losses, Old Ironsides withdrew, battered but wiser. Outrunning his supply lines and facing stiffening Allied resistance, Rommel's advance ground to a halt. Regardless, three more months of fierce fighting followed before the Allies could finally claim victory in North Africa. On 25 March 1944, Private Nicholas Minue, Company A, 6th Armored Infantry, 1st Armored Division, was awarded t


Who was the third wife of the leader of China's Long March?

The Long March of the Communist Party of China 1934-35 The Long March of the Communist Party of China 1934-35 This is the story of the Long March of the Communist Party leadership and the Red Army from South China to Northwest China. The source is mainly Harrison Salisbury's book The Long March. Salisbury's book is a very good book that well conveys the drama of the Long March and its three struggles: 1. the Red Army with the Nationalist Army of Chiang Kai-shek 2. the Red Army with the elements and terrain of western China 3. the factions within the Red Army with each other. The latter struggle was primarily between the Mao Zedong faction and the Communist International (Comintern) faction led by the man Joseph Stalin imposed as a condition for aiding the communists, Otto Braun.  There was also a power struggles between the First Army led by Mao Zedong and the Fourth Army led by Zhang Guotao. Salisbury is sympathetic to Mao but his book is objective and well worth reading. There is however another book, Mao: The Unknown Story by Jung Chang and her husband Jon Halliday that tells the story behind the story of the Long March. Background Both the Communist Party and the Guomindang (Nationalist) Party were created around 1920 and had a socialist orientation. The Guomindang although it had a socialist orientation was primarily concerned with establishing a nation state. This meant suppressing the numerous warlords and uniting China. The Guomindang needed financial aid to achieve this and it was not going to get such aid from the imperialist powers. The founder and leader of the Guomindang, Sun Yatsen, sought and received aid from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union not only sent material aid, it also sent advisors, Michael Borodin and Otto Braun. The latter was a German Communist representing the Communist International, the Comintern. The Soviet Union also required that the Guomindang admit to its membership the members of the Communist Party of China. The Communists worked within the Guomindang during the early and middle 1920's. The arrangement appeared to work well. Chiang Kai-shek directed the Whampoa Military Academy and Zhou Enlai served as the political officer for that academy. Chiang Kai-shek went to Moscow for training and later  his son, Chiang Ching-guo, went to Moscow. The trouble came when Sun Yat-sen died of cancer in 1925. It was uncertain who would succeed him as leader of the Guomindang. After a short period of political maneuvering Chiang Kai-shek emerged as the leader. The Guomindang actually split at this time into two factions, a left faction headed by Chiang Kai-shek who accepted continued cooperation with the Communists and a right faction which opposed such cooperation. After consolidating his hold on the Guomindang Chiang Kai-shek organized a northern expedition to defeat the many warlords who controlled local areas of northern China. Chiang's Northern Expedition of 1926-27 was a great success. Thirty nine war lords were defeated. The Northern Expedition then moved to Shanghai. The Communist-dominated labor unions staged an uprising prior to the entry of Chiang's army into the city. This uprising established a city government without Chiang's approval. This and other actions by the Communists within the Guomindang led Chiang to fear the Communists were following their own agenda and were striving for control. Chiang's followers turned upon the Communists in Shanghai and massacred them. A similar slaughter and purge of the Communists within the Guomindang throughout other parts of China took place shortly afterwards. Those that could escaped and joined the rural communist centers in South China. The major rural Communist strongholds were in the rural areas of Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces. There were also strongholds in the more remote provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi. In the Jiangxi Soviet, as it was called, Mao Zedong was a major leader. Mao Zedong Mao Zedong came from the clan village of Shaoshan in Hunan Province. He was born at the


In 1985 Terry Waite returned to Beirut after securing the release of four British hostages where?

Articles about Terry Waite by Date - Page 5 - tribunedigital-chicagotribune Gentle Giant Takes On Terrorists By Ray Moseley, Chicago Tribune | November 24, 1985 The British press sometimes refers to Terry Waite as the Henry Kissinger of the Church of England.   Like the former U.S. secretary of state, Waite seems forever to be hopping aboard planes and flying to distant countries to perform miracles of diplomacy.   Waite, 46, personal assistant to Dr. Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury and spiritual leader of the Church of England, has two "missions impossible" to his credit in four years--getting Britons freed from jails in Iran and Libya. Advertisement Back In Beirut, Church Envoy Uses Summit As Bargaining Tool By Liz Sly, Special to The Tribune | November 20, 1985 Church of England envoy Terry Waite returned to Beirut Tuesday evening, saying he had "important things to say" to the kidnapers of four American hostages in Lebanon.   Shortly after his arrival, the representative of the Archbishop of Canterbury issued an impassioned plea for the release of all hostages in Lebanon--Italian, British, American, French and Lebanese--to coincide with the summit meeting in Geneva between President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.   This would "show Islam and this country in their true glory," he said. NEWS Envoy Tells `Hope` For 6 Hostages By Liz Sly, Special to The Tribune | November 18, 1985 Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite left Beirut abruptly Sunday, saying he was going to meet with members of the Reagan administration to pursue his efforts to rescue six Americans held hostage in Lebanon.   During a stopover in Rome on his way to London and possibly the United States, Waite said his assessment of the situation was both "hopeful and dangerous."   "I`d like to say to families of the hostages that I am hopeful, I haven`t lost hope at all. I`d like to ask them to continue to maintain hope and be as cheerful as possible under these circumstances." NEWS Contact With Beirut Kidnapers Reported By Liz Sly, Special to The Tribune | November 17, 1985 Hopes were raised Saturday for a breakthrough in the U.S. hostage affair in Lebanon with the announcement by Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite that he has established contact with the kidnapers of the four Americans and is to hold a "face-to-face meeting" with them.   In a brief statement, the lay representative of the Archbishop of Canterbury said he had refrained from arranging a meeting until he was sure he was dealing with the right group.   He put certain questions to his intermediary that could only be answered by one of the hostages. NEWS Envoy Tells Progress In Hostage Mission By Liz Sly, Special to The Tribune | November 15, 1985 Terry Waite, the envoy of the archbishop of Canterbury, said Thursday that he had made contact with the kidnapers of four American hostages in Beirut and that the next stage is a "face-to-face" meeting.   Waite spoke at an impromptu press conference aimed at persuading journalists and cameramen to leave him alone.   "I`d like to make a particular plea that I`m not to be followed by anybody because if that happens, it will jeopardize my own safety and that of other people," he told foreign newsmen at the Commodore Hotel in West Beirut.


Where did Ferdinand Marcos live in exile?

Ferdinand Marcos, Ousted Leader Of Philippines, Dies at 72 in Exile - NYTimes.com Ferdinand Marcos, Ousted Leader Of Philippines, Dies at 72 in Exile By JANE GROSS, Special to The New York Times Published: September 29, 1989 HONOLULU, Sept. 28— Ferdinand E. Marcos, who ruled the Philippines for 20 years until he was ousted in 1986, died in exile here today at St. Francis Medical Center after a long battle with heart, lung and kidney ailments. He was 72 years old. A hospital spokesman, Eugene Tiwanak, said Mr. Marcos died of cardiac arrest shortly after midnight. The former Philippine President had been hospitalized for nearly 10 months, often comatose. His wife, Imelda, was at his bedside. Mr. Marcos, an autocratic leader who imposed martial law in his homeland from 1972 to 1981, died without facing trial on United States criminal charges that he plundered the Philippine Treasury of more than $100 million in his two decades in power. [ An obituary is on page B6. ] Barred From Returning Home In a statement issued in Manila, President Corazon C. Aquino, Mr. Marcos's successor, offered condolences to the Marcos family. Mrs. Aquino announced that she would not allow Mr. Marcos's body to be brought to the Philippines for burial, saying she was acting for ''the safety of those who would take the death of Mr. Marcos in widely and passionately conflicting ways.'' [ Page B6. ] The assassination in 1983 of Mrs. Aquino's husband, the oppostion leader Benigno S. Aquino Jr., was a pivotal event in Mr. Marcos's downfall. President Aquino said Mr. Marcos's death ''closed a chapter in the history of our nation, a chapter uniquely his own.'' In deference to the Marcos family, Mrs. Aquino said she would leave it ''to others, and ultimately to history,'' to assess Mr. Marcos's rule, which ''touched the life of every Filipino who was his contemporary.'' President Bush, in a statement issued at an education summit conference in Charlottesville, Va., commended Mr. Marcos for his exit from power in 1986 amid a popular uprising and pressure from the United States Government after a disputed presidential election. By leaving the Philippines at ''a critical juncture in his nation's history,'' the White House statement said, Mr. Marcos ''permitted the peaceful transition to popular, democratic rule.'' Mr. Marcos's death was announced early this morning by his son, Ferdinand Jr., who emerged from the medical center's intensive care unit after reciting a rosary at his father's bedside, along with his mother and his sister, Irene Araneta. ''God has taken this great man from our midst to a better place,'' said the younger Marcos, 31 years old. ''Hopefully, friends and detractors alike will look beyond the man to see what he stood for - his vision, his compassion and his total love of country.'' Mr. Marcos had been on the brink of death many times in his long hospitalization. A family spokesman, Roger Peyuan, said Mrs. Marcos had instructed doctors to take every possible step to save her husband's life. Mr. Tiwanak said Mr. Marcos's condition began deteriorating 36 hours before his death. He said a pacemaker was implanted about midday on Wednesday, ''and it appeared his functions were coming back to some normalcy.'' Mr. Tiwanak said the pacemaker was needed to keep Mr. Marcos's heart pumping but he also noted that because Mr. Marcos had ''multiple organ problems, any one of those could have gone completely.'' Mr. Marcos had spent most of the time since he entered the hospital in intensive care. According to Mr. Tiwanak, doctors had said that ''if any one of the machines were pulled off he would have died.'' Mr. Tiwanak said Mr. Marcos was semicomatose most of the time before the latest crisis. Mr. Peyuan, the family spokesman, said Mr. Marcos opened his eyes and recognized his son, who had flown here from California, shortly before he died. Liver and Kidney Failure There were several phases in Mr. Marcos's hospital stay when he appeared near death. In mid-May, he had surgery to prepare him for kidney dialysis. In early June, emergency exploratory


Which American led a team to put 10 people on the summit of Everest in 1990?

Mount Everest | mountain, Asia | Britannica.com Mount Everest Alternative Titles: Chomolungma, Chu-mu-lang-ma Feng, Peak XV, Qomolangma Feng, Sagarmatha, Zhumulangma Feng Related Topics Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner Mount Everest, Sanskrit and Nepali Sagarmatha, Tibetan Chomolungma, Chinese (Pinyin) Zhumulangma Feng or (Wade-Giles romanization) Chu-mu-lang-ma Feng, also spelled Qomolangma Feng, mountain on the crest of the Great Himalayas of southern Asia that lies on the border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China , at 27°59′ N 86°56′ E. Reaching an elevation of 29,035 feet (8,850 metres), Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, the highest point on Earth. Like other high peaks in the region, Mount Everest has long been revered by local peoples. Its most common Tibetan name, Chomolungma, means “Goddess Mother of the World” or “Goddess of the Valley.” The Sanskrit name Sagarmatha means literally “Peak of Heaven.” Its identity as the highest point on the Earth’s surface was not recognized, however, until 1852, when the governmental Survey of India established that fact. In 1865 the mountain—previously referred to as Peak XV—was renamed for Sir George Everest , British surveyor general of India from 1830 to 1843. The North Face of Mount Everest, as seen from Tibet (China). Maria Stenzel—National Geographic/Getty Images Physical features Geology and relief The Himalayan ranges were thrust upward by tectonic action as the Indian-Australian Plate moved northward from the south and was subducted (forced downward) under the Eurasian Plate following the collision of the two plates between about 40 and 50 million years ago. The Himalayas themselves started rising about 25 to 30 million years ago, and the Great Himalayas began to take their present form during the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago). Everest and its surrounding peaks are part of a large mountain massif that forms a focal point, or knot, of this tectonic action in the Great Himalayas. Information from global positioning instruments in place on Everest since the late 1990s indicates that the mountain continues to move a few inches to the northeast and rise a fraction of an inch each year. The Mount Everest massif, Himalayas, Nepal. © Marta/Fotolia Mount Pinatubo Everest is composed of multiple layers of rock folded back on themselves (nappes). Rock on the lower elevations of the mountain consists of metamorphic schists and gneisses, topped by igneous granites. Higher up are found sedimentary rocks of marine origin (remnants of the ancient floor of the Tethys Sea that closed after the collision of the two plates). Notable is the Yellow Band, a limestone formation that is prominently visible just below the summit pyramid. The barren Southeast, Northeast, and West ridges culminate in the Everest summit; a short distance away is the South Summit, a minor bump on the Southeast Ridge with an elevation of 28,700 feet (8,748 metres). The mountain can be seen directly from its northeastern side, where it rises about 12,000 feet (3,600 metres) above the Plateau of Tibet . The peak of Changtse (24,803 feet [7,560 metres]) rises to the north. Khumbutse (21,867 feet [6,665 metres]), Nuptse (25,791 feet [7,861 metres]), and Lhotse (27,940 feet [8,516 metres]) surround Everest’s base to the west and south. Everest is shaped like a three-sided pyramid . The three generally flat planes constituting the sides are called faces, and the line by which two faces join is known as a ridge. The North Face rises above Tibet and is bounded by the North Ridge (which meets the Northeast Ridge) and the West Ridge; key features of this side of the mountain include the Great and Hornbein couloirs (steep gullies) and the North Col at the start of the North Ridge. The Southwest Face rises above Nepal and is bounded by the West Ridge and the Southeast Ridge; notable features on this side include the South Col (at the start of the Southeast Ridge) and the Khumbu Icefall, the latter a jumble of large blocks of ice that has long been a daunting challenge for cl


UN Secretary Dag Hammarskjold was killed over which country?

Dag Hammarskjöld: evidence suggests UN chief's plane was shot down | World news | The Guardian Dag Hammarskjöld Dag Hammarskjöld: evidence suggests UN chief's plane was shot down Eyewitnesses claim a second aircraft fired at the plane raising questions of British cover-up over the 1961 crash and its causes The wreckage of Dag Hammarskjöld's plane near Ndola, now Zambia. Eyewitnesses claim they saw a second plane fire at the UN chief's plane. Photograph: TopFoto Julian Borger and Georgina Smith in Ndola Wednesday 17 August 2011 14.20 EDT First published on Wednesday 17 August 2011 14.20 EDT Close This article is 5 years old New evidence has emerged in one of the most enduring mysteries of United Nations and African history, suggesting that the plane carrying the UN secretary general Dag Hammarskjöld was shot down over Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) 50 years ago, and the murder was covered up by British colonial authorities. A British-run commission of inquiry blamed the crash in 1961 on pilot error and a later UN investigation largely rubber-stamped its findings. They ignored or downplayed witness testimony of villagers near the crash site which suggested foul play. The Guardian has talked to surviving witnesses who were never questioned by the official investigations and were too scared to come forward. The residents on the western outskirts of the town of Ndola described Hammarskjöld's DC6 being shot down by a second, smaller aircraft. They say the crash site was sealed off by Northern Rhodesian security forces the next morning, hours before the wreckage was officially declared found, and they were ordered to leave the area. The key witnesses were located and interviewed over the past three years by Göran Björkdahl, a Swedish aid worker based in Africa , who made the investigation of the Hammarskjöld mystery a personal quest since discovering his father had a fragment of the crashed DC6. "My father was in that part of Zambia in the 70s and asking local people about what happened, and a man there, seeing that he was interested, gave him a piece of the plane. That was what got me started," Björkdahl said. When he went to work in Africa himself, he went to the site and began to question the local people systematically on what they had seen. The investigation led Björkdahl to previously unpublished telegrams – seen by the Guardian – from the days leading up to Hammarskjöld's death on 17 September 1961, which illustrate US and British anger at an abortive UN military operation that the secretary general ordered on behalf of the Congolese government against a rebellion backed by western mining companies and mercenaries in the mineral-rich Katanga region. Hammarskjöld was flying to Ndola for peace talks with the Katanga leadership at a meeting that the British helped arrange. The fiercely independent Swedish diplomat had, by then, enraged almost all the major powers on the security council with his support for decolonisation, but support from developing countries meant his re-election as secretary general would have been virtually guaranteed at the general assembly vote due the following year. Björkdahl works for the Swedish international development agency, Sida, but his investigation was carried out in his own time and his report does not represent the official views of his government. However, his report echoes the scepticism about the official verdict voiced by Swedish members of the commissions of inquiry. Björkdahl concludes that: • Hammarskjöld's plane was almost certainly shot down by an unidentified second plane. • The actions of the British and Northern Rhodesian officials at the scene delayed the search for the missing plane. • The wreckage was found and sealed off by Northern Rhodesian troops and police long before its discovery was officially announced. • The one survivor of the crash could have been saved but was allowed to die in a poorly equipped local hospital. • At the time of his death Hammarskjöld suspected British diplomats secretly supported the Katanga rebellion and had obstructed a bid to arrange a truc