Az, buky, vd and glagoli and dobro are the first 5 letters of which alphabet?

Glagolitic script Glagolitic script A page from the Zograf Codex with text of the Gospel of Luke Type 862/863 to the Middle Ages Direction Egyptian hieroglyphs 32 c. BCE Hieratic 32 c. BCE Ge’ez 5–6 c. BCE Phoenician 12 c. BCE Paleohispanic (semi-syllabic) 7 c. BCE Aramaic 8 c. BCE E.g. Tibetan 7 c. CE Hangul (core letters only) 1443 Devanagari 13 c. CE N’Ko 20 c. CE Mandaic 2 c. CE Cherokee (syllabary; letter forms only) c. 1820 Runic 2 c. CE Ogham (origin uncertain) 4 c. CE Coptic 3 c. CE Georgian (origin uncertain) c. 430 Glagolitic (origin uncertain) 862 Thaana 18 c. (derived from Brahmi numerals ) The Glagolitic script (, [1] Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰻⱌⰰ Glagolitsa) is the oldest known Slavic alphabet . It was created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril , a Byzantine monk from Thessaloniki . He and his brother, Saint Methodius , were sent by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III in 863 to Great Moravia to spread Christianity among the West Slavs in the area. The brothers decided to translate liturgical books into the Old Slavic language that was understandable to the general population, but as the words of that language could not be easily written by using either the Greek or Latin alphabets, Cyril decided to invent a new script, Glagolitic, which he based on the local dialect of the Slavic tribes from the Byzantine Salonika region . After the deaths of Cyril and Methodius, the Glagolitic alphabet ceased to be used in Moravia, but their students continued to propagate it in the west and south. The Glagolitic alphabet was preserved only by the Croats , using it from the 12th to the 20th century, mostly in liturgy. Contents 10 External links Name The name was not created until many centuries after the script’s creation, and comes from the Old Church Slavonic глаголъ glagol “utterance”. The verb glagolati means “to speak”. It has been conjectured that the name glagolitsa developed in Croatia around the 14th century and was derived from the word glagolity, applied to adherents of the liturgy in Slavonic. [2] In Old Church Slavonic the name is Ⰽⱛⱃⰺⰾⰾⱁⰲⰺⱌⰰ, Кѷрїлловица (Kyrillovitsa). History Origins The Baška tablet , found in the 19th century on Krk , conventionally dated to about 1100. [3] The first page of the Gospel of Mark from the 10th–11th century Codex Zographensis , found in the Zograf Monastery in 1843. The first page of the Gospel of John from the Codex Zographensis. In a book printed in 1591, Angelo Rocca attributed the Glagolitic script to Saint Jerome. Glagolitic script in the Zagreb Cathedral The last Glagolitic entry in the baptismal register of the Omišalj parish on the island of Krk by the parishioner Nicholas in 1817. The creation of the characters is popularly attributed to Saints Cyril and Methodius , who may have created them to facilitate the introduction of Christianity. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] It is believed that the original letters were fitted to Bulgarian (Macedonian dialects specifically). [5] [9] The number of letters in the original Glagolitic alphabet is not known, but it may have been close to its presumed Greek model. The 41 letters known today include letters for non-Greek sounds, which may have been added by Saint Cyril, as well as ligatures added in the 12th century under the influence of Cyrillic, as Glagolitic lost its dominance. [10] In later centuries, the number of letters dropped dramatically, to fewer than 30 in modern Croatian and Czech recensions of the Church Slavic language. Twenty-four of the 41 original Glagolitic letters (see table below) probably derive from graphemes of the medieval cursive Greek small alphabet but have been given an ornamental design. The source of the other consonantal letters is unknown. If they were added by Cyril, it is likely that they were taken from an alphabet used for Christian scripture. It is frequently proposed that the letters sha Ⱎ, tsi Ⱌ, and cherv Ⱍ were taken from the letters shin ש and tsadi צ of the Hebrew alphabet , and that Ⰶ zhivete derives from Coptic janja Ϫ. However, Cubberley (1996) suggests that if a single prototype were presumed, the most likely sourc


The US War of Independence was in which century?

Spanish American Wars of Independence Spanish American Wars of Independence Spanish American Wars of Independence Thirst for Independence From the 15th century onwards the South American countries were Spanish colonies. But from the 16th century on many revolutions took place, including the French revolution that put an end to the monarchy. In South America the terrible conditions of the working classes and slaves caused a number of uprisings and the English tried to invade colonies that belonged to Spain. This all generated an awareness of the continent in regards to its own capacities and powers and several local military bodies were created. On the other hand, the Spanish monarchy itself had planned to give total independence to the American viceroyalties, but things happened and dramatic events interrupted these processes under Philip IV 's reign. The fact that these countries all had the Spanish language in common is not unimportant. The causes for the independence movements in each country are different and particular, but the French revolution and the Declaration of Independence of the United States are recognized among the influences that were common to most if not all. But it is true that the creoles wanted to their independence from Spain and form their own nation. They wanted more political and economical power. They believed the colonial system was unfair, as they were excluded from the political decision making process. There were also liberal ideas diffused in America thanks to the Illustration. Another important factor was that the creoles did not agree with some aspects of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 , such as the land distribution, o the political equality between them and the indigenous peoples. Some other causes were related to the waning prominence of Portugal and Spain, specially patent when Napoleon's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and the support they received from the UK and the US, which were interest in these countries' independence from Spain, which would allow a freer flow of trade, this support translated into financing and material supply for their independence projects. The Independence Movements and the Juntas If it hadn't been for the Napoleonic occupation in Spain it might not have happened then. The the Spanish classes took up in arms which resulted in the Spanish war of independence and the creation of self-governing Juntas (an administrative form of government which comprises a board of administrators, not just one person who makes all the decisions) in the different Spanish provinces. During the following years there were declarations all over Latin America to form American government Juntas in order to maintain king Ferdinand VII 's rights, despite the fact that Napoleon had tricked him and his father into giving up the crown to set up his brother Joseph). These Juntas autonomous and maintained their independence from Spain, be it the Napoleonic empire or not. A series of local independence movements began that disavowed the the nominations proceeding from the Spanish colonial government, and their justification was that the legitimate heirs of the Spanish crown had been forced to abdicate and the throne had been usurped by Joseph Bonaparte In the following years, however, the conflict turned even more radical and the Juntas became a National Congress in which each state declared its independence from Spain. This process began in Paraguay in 1811 and ended in Bolivia 24 years later Inevitably, violence followed. The revolutionaries disavowed the monarchic authorities in America, they established republics and armies. The Spanish government and the restored monarch Ferdinand VII denied the legitimacy of the American government juntas and great armies loyal to the royals were summoned, though most of the soldiers were Americans. The main actors of the independence from Spain theatre of war were Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin , known as the Liberators (liberators), and the leaders of the Royalists were Pablo Morillo and Viceroy Fernando Abascal. Despite the European count


"What was the setting for ""The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas"", a 2008 film directed by Mark Herman starring Asa Butterfield, Jack Scanlon, David Thewlis, and Vera Farmiga, based on the book by John Boyne?"

The Boy In The Striped Pajamas (trailer) - YouTube The Boy In The Striped Pajamas (trailer) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Apr 17, 2009 http://www.thefilmfactory.co.uk/boy/ The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (The Boy in the Striped Pajamas in the United States) is a BritishAmerican 2008 film directed by Mark Herman and produced by David Heyman, starring Asa Butterfield, Jack Scanlon,David Thewlis and Vera Farmiga. It is based on the book of the same name by Irish novelist John Boyne. Bruno is an eight-year-old German boy who leads a very comfortable life in Berlin during the Second World War. His father is a high ranking Nazi officer, and things change when the family has to move due to his fathers new post. In his innocence, Bruno sees the nearby concentration camp as a farm and wonders why its inhabitants are always wearing striped pyjamas. Eventually Bruno becomes friends with a Jewish (Yehudi) boy his own age who lives on the other side of the fence. Asa Butterfield - (Bruno)


Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Cantabria, Catalonia and Navarre are all autonomous communities of which country?

Spain : Autonomous Communities - Map Quiz Game Home >> Seterra Geography - Free Map Quiz Games >> Spain : Autonomous Communities Spain : Autonomous Communities - Map Quiz Game Spain : Autonomous Communities: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile-La Mancha, Castile-Leon, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, Valencia. 100 % Restart Many people do not realize that Spanish is not the native language of everyone in Spain. That is because the country has many autonomous regions with their own languages, such as Galician, Basque, and Catalan. In this free map quiz game you will learn how to identify the various autonomous communities. This sort of geography trivia is perfect if you are preparing for a geography bee. Seterra for Android , iPhone and iPad is here! Click the banners to go to Google Play or the Apple App Store and get it! The Seterra app offers high score lists to keep track of your progress and offline play! Seterra is a free geography quiz game that teaches you about countries, states and capitals all over the world. This is the online version, which is written in HTML5. It runs under the latest version of most web browsers, e.g Safari, Firefox and Google Chrome, as well as Internet Explorer 9 or later. It will work under Windows, MacOS X and Linux, as well as with mobile devices such as iPhone, iPad or Android. Europe


Who led English barons in an attempt to influence Henry III, called a parliament in 1265 and was defeated at the Battle of Evesham?

BBC - History - Henry III z Henry III    © A 13th century English king who came to the throne at an early age and whose reign was marked by strife with barons, led by Simon de Montfort. Henry was born on 1 October 1207 in Winchester, the son of John. Henry was nine when his father died and he became king. The country was ruled by a series of regencies until 1234, when Henry took over. Problems began as early as 1237, when his barons objected to the influence of Henry's Savoyard relatives. The marriage arranged in 1238 between Henry's sister and English nobleman Simon de Montfort only made relationship between Henry and his leading nobles worse. In 1242, Henry's half brothers involved him in a disastrously expensive military venture in France. This prompted parliament to demand new blood on the council to act as 'conservators of liberties' and oversee royal finances. But the king was able to exploit the differences between his opponents and little happened. Finally, in 1258 a bungled deal with the Papacy threatened Henry with excommunication. This, together with defeats in Wales and local crises, brought about the main crisis of his reign. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) created a 15-member privy council, selected by the barons, to advise the king and oversee the entire administration. Parliament was to be held three times a year and the households of the king and queen were also to be reformed. The settlement began to break down in 1260 with quarrels between the Earl of Gloucester and the ambitious Simon de Montfort. Civil war was inevitable. In May 1264, Simon de Montfort won a resounding victory at Lewes and set up a new government. In May 1265, Henry's eldest son Prince Edward escaped captivity and rallied the royalist forces, defeating and killing de Montfort at Evesham before taking control of government from his weakened father. The rest of the reign was occupied by resolving the problems created by the rebellion. Henry deprived de Montfort's supporters of their lands, but the 'disinherited' fought back until terms were agreed in 1266 for former rebels to buy back their lands. By 1270, the country was sufficiently settled for Edward to set off on crusade. Henry died on 16 November 1272. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, which he had largely rebuilt in the gothic style during his reign.


Suriname's three neighbouring countries are Guyana, French Guiana and which other?

Travel to Guyanas - Technical travel information PRESENTATION French Guiana In the mid-19th century, the French government set out to reduce prison costs at home by sloughing off undesirables by way of their colonies. Searching for their most forsaken frontier outpost to drop the luckless cons, they came up with Guiana. Though its last penal colony closed in 1953, this tropical pocket of ooh-la-la now takes prisoners of another variety. Budget travelers beware: French Guiana is among South America's costliest destinations. Modern French Guiana is a land of idiosyncrasies, where European Space Agency satellite launches rattle the market gardens of displaced Hmong farmers from Laos and thinly populated rainforests swallow nearly all but the country's coastline. Highly subsidized by Mother France, it boasts the highest standard of living of any 'country' in South America, but look beyond the capital city and you'll still find backwoods settlements of Maroons and Amerindians barely eking out a living. Traveling in French Guiana isn't easy, but it is part of the adventure. And if you have Francophile leanings, live in the Americas and enjoy roughing it in the rainforest, it's one place where you can have your canapé under the canopy without crossing the pond to Charles de Gaulle. Suriname Suriname is an unusual cultural enclave with an extraordinary ethnic variety deriving from Dutch colonization, the early importation of African slaves and, later, indentured laborers from India and Indonesia. Warning: Following protests in Paramaribo in July 1999, the US State Department advised US citizens to be wary of future demonstrations, although no significant protests were reported in the year 2000. Petty lawlessness, as well as more serious and violent crime, is on the rise in Paramaribo, Albina and Moengo, and increasingly deeper in the country's interior, perhaps due to the government-sanctioned February 2001 release of nearly 100 prison inmates to relieve overcrowding in the country's main incarceration facility, Santo Boma, in Paramaribo. Guyana Dutch and British colonization made an indelible mark on Guyana, leaving behind a now dilapidated colonial capital, a volatile mix of peoples and a curious political geography. The country's natural attractions, however, are impressive, unspoiled and on a scale that dwarfs human endeavor. Guyana has immense falls, vast tropical rainforest and savanna teeming with wildlife. If the government doesn't destroy the environment in a bid to pay off its huge foreign debt, Guyana could be the eco-tourism destination of the future. Right now, it's the place for independent, rugged, Indiana Jones types who don't mind visiting a country that everybody else thinks is in Africa. Warning: Street crime and physical violence are common in Guyana, particularly in Georgetown. Visitors should avoid walking after dark, maintain alertness at all times and keep out of Georgetown's Tiger Bay area. Protests and general uproarious uprisings have been popping up all over the country (particularly in Georgetown) in anticipation of the March 19, 2001 elections. FACTS Weights & measures: Metric When to Go French Guiana is a tropical country with a serious rainy season. While the July to December 'dry' period may be the most comfortable time to go, Carnaval - usually held in late February - is French Guiana's greatest cultural attraction. August to November is the best time for jaunts into the jungle. The leatherback turtles come out near Mana between April and September. Suriname Visas: Virtually all visitors require a visa. There are Surninamese embassies in the Netherlands, Germany and the US. Visitors from other countries can obtain visas on arrival Health risks: Malaria, rabies, typhoid, dengue fever, cholera Time: GMT/UTC minus 3 hours Weights & measures: Officially metric but, in practice, imperial measurements are used. When to Go Suriname's dry seasons, from early February to late April and from mid-August to early December, are the best times for a visit. From March to July, several species of sea turtles co


Which pantomime is about a boy who discovers a magic lamp?

It's Behind You - Aladdin   THE ORIGINS The tale of �Aladdin and his Wonderful Lamp�  originates as one story in the epic �1001 Nights� or �Arabian  Nights�. This collection of stories was first recorded in the 9th Century, with tales brought together from China, India, Egypt, Iraq, Iran  and places in the East. In 942 AD the collection contained only 264  stories. It is believed that others, including �Aladdin� were added later  during European translations in the 18th Century, when the  number  increased. Originally these tales were supposed to be the stories  told by Scheherazade to her husband, the King. The King, set on revenge  after his first wife was unfaithful to him, decided to marry each day, and  execute his wife the next morning. Not surprisingly the wives were in short  supply, and it became the turn of the Vizier�s daughter, Scheherazade. Scheherazade hit on a plan to remain alive for as long as possible, and each  night would tell her husband a thrilling story, promising to complete it the  following day. Eventually, after 1001 nights of entertaining stories the  King abandoned his cruel plot, and Scheherazade was saved.   The Three Wishes The legend of someone being granted three magical wishes  dates back to the 3rd Century AD. �The Book of Sindibad�  in the 9th Century AD  is in part the framework of the �Arabian  Nights�, in which the tale of �Aladdin� appears. FOR THE ORIGINAL  STORY OF ALADDIN FROM �THE ARABIAN NIGHTS� CLICK ON THE LAMP BELOW   ALADDIN - THE PANTOMIME Aladdin began it�s existence as a pantomime at Covent  Garden in 1788, but not in a form that we would easily recognise  today. The Harlequinade characters were unnamed with the exception of one- �Aladdin�s  Mother�. It ran for two hours and ten minutes, and was not received  kindly by the critics! A Mrs Davenett played �Aladin�s Mother� while  the rest of the cast were called by their usual names of Harlequin,  Pantaloon, Pierrot, Undertaker and so on. In 1810 a �new dramatic spectacle called Alladin�  was performed in Norwich, but again this was too early for a recognisable  pantomime format- as was the romance �Aladdin and the wonderful lamp� performed at Covent Garden in 1813, revived again in 1826. The Royal Amphitheatre presented �a gorgeous Melo-Dramatic  Tale of Enchantment-Aladdin� in 1830 and in 1833, performed  almost entirely on horseback, which included a mock Tiger hunt! Definitely  not our version of a pantomime. For that time has to pass- in 1844 there  were three productions in London, and in 1856 at the Princess Theatre  Aladdin�s mother was played by �Paulo�- who afterwards transformed into the  familiar harlequinade character �Pantaloon�. Aladdin was played by a man, so  was �Badroulbadour�- presumably his Princess, and rather confusing even for  the time! Drury Lane 1885 - Click to Enlarge Finally, the Pantomime true origin happened when the  great pantomime author Henry J.Byron wrote his burlesque �Aladdin, or The  Wonderful Scamp� performed at the Strand Theatre during April 1861.  From this version all the modern �Aladdins� are descended. In this production of 1861 the part of TWANKAY was  created by Mr James Rogers, who had recently finished playing �Ugly Sister�  Clorinda for Byron in his �Cinderella�. The part, as we know actually went  back to that early production in 1788, and the name goes back to 1861. Apart  from characters named in �Robinson Crusoe�, Aladdin�s mother has the oldest  pedigree in the history of pantomime. Click to enlarge   ALADDIN - THE PANTOMIME TODAY Aladdin is one of the most opulent and spectacular  pantomimes to be seen. Costume and scenic designers can run riot with rich  colours, spectacle and scenic transformations. Almost every production will  have a �speciality Act� or  similar lined up in the form of a Magic Carpet-  for a great many years the Black Light speciality of "Emerson & Jayne�  performed in pantomimes with their magical act that included a mysterious  actual �Flying Carpet� that seemed to defy gravity. Also acts like "Wi


What was the author Tolstoy's first name?

Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910), His Life and Works. MakingAMillionaire.com Leo Tolstoy is known, word-wide, as one of the greatest authors of all time. His works include the masterpieces "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina", depicting Russian life realistically, yet with a writing flaire that is gripping. These two books stand at the peak of realistic fiction. Tolstoy was a moral philosopher, noted for his ideas of nonviolent resistance through his work of " The Kingdom of God is Within You ", which in turn had a profound influence on men like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King. You can read his works, free of charge, online or off. You may copy his works for personal use or for your own web pages. HOWEVER, please DO NOT change the text! Help us maintain the integrity of his work, errors and all. We are still reading through his many wonderfully funny, sad and profoundly eye-opening novels and stories. His writings are so moving, you'll discover that once you begin to read, you won't be able to, or want to, stop! Enjoy!


"Where is Dan Brown's book ""Angels and Demons"" mainly set?"

Angels & Demons - Books on Google Play Angels & Demons ( 1,410) Description The explosive Robert Langdon thriller from Dan Brown, the #1 New York Times bestselling author of The Da Vinci Code and Inferno—now a major film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks and Felicity Jones. An ancient secret brotherhood. A devastating new weapon of destruction. When world-renowned Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon is summoned to a Swiss research facility to analyze a mysterious symbol—seared into the chest of a murdered physicist—he discovers evidence of the unimaginable: the resurgence of an ancient secret brotherhood known as the Illuminati...the most powerful underground organization ever to walk the earth. The Illuminati has now surfaced to carry out the final phase of its legendary vendetta against its most hated enemy—the Catholic Church. Langdon’s worst fears are confirmed on the eve of the Vatican’s holy conclave, when a messenger of the Illuminati announces they have hidden an unstoppable time bomb at the very heart of Vatican City. With the countdown under way, Langdon jets to Rome to join forces with Vittoria Vetra, a beautiful and mysterious Italian scientist, to assist the Vatican in a desperate bid for survival. Embarking on a frantic hunt through sealed crypts, dangerous catacombs, deserted cathedrals, and even the most secretive vault on earth, Langdon and Vetra follow a 400-year-old trail of ancient symbols that snakes across Rome toward the long-forgotten Illuminati lair...a clandestine location that contains the only hope for Vatican salvation. An explosive international thriller, Angels & Demons careens from enlightening epiphanies to dark truths as the battle between science and religion turns to war. Dan Brown 2 $9.99 In his international blockbusters The Da Vinci Code, Angels & Demons, and The Lost Symbol, Dan Brown masterfully fused history, art, codes, and symbols. In this riveting new... 2 Featuring an excerpt from Dan Brown’s new novel, Inferno, on sale now. #1 Worldwide Bestseller—More Than 81 Million Copies Sold As millions of readers around th... 2 2 $9.99 In this stunning follow-up to the global phenomenon The Da Vinci Code, Dan Brown demonstrates once again why he is the world's most popular thriller writer. The Lost Symbol is ... 2 2 $7.99 This enhanced eBook includes exclusive behind-the-scenes video of Dan Brown's INFERNO research trips throughout Italy, and a fascinating twenty-five minute video of his book launch present... 2 2 $9.99 $8.99 Heralded for masterfully intermingling science, history, and politics in his critically acclaimed thrillers The Da Vinci Code and Angels & Demons, New York Times bestselling au... 2 2 $9.99 Before the multi-million, runaway bestseller The Da Vinci Code, Dan Brown set his razor-sharp research and storytelling skills on the most powerful intelligence organization on earth--the Na... 2 The most explosive bestseller of 2009 . . . Over 5 million copies sold . . . Now available in a beautifully illustrated gift edition just in time for the holidays!   2 $10.99 Dan Brown’s mega-bestseller is now available for a new generation of readers. This young adult adaptation is the perfect way to get ready for Inferno, the highly anticipated movie, and <i... 2 2 $7.82 $6.02 Inferno é uma leitura eletrizante e um convite a pensarmos no papel da ciência para o futuro da humanidade. No meio da noite, o renomado simbologista Robert Langdon acorda de um pesadelo, ... 2 2 $4.73 $3.62 ...Оказавшись в самом загадочном городе Италии – Флоренции, профессор Лэнгдон, специалист по кодам, символам и истории искусства, неожиданно попадает в водоворот событий, которые способны привести ... 2 1,410 total A Google User ANGELS AND DEMONS Another near-future technothriller from the author of Digital Fortress (1998). Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon gets a call from Maximilian Kohler, director of CERN's Geneva particle-physics research complex. Physicist Leonardo Vetra has been murdered, and a quantity of dreadfully dangerous antimatter stolen; worse, Vetra was branded with a single word


Who led the Dutch colony of New Netherlands in America until surrendering it to the British in 1664?

The End Of New Netherland < The United States Of America And The Netherlands - George M. Welling < General < Essays < American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond The End Of New Netherland England and The Netherlands emerged as the principal maritime powers of the seventeenth century. Their rivalry led them into several wars, in which the issue at stake was ultimately the freedom of the seas and trade competition. The first Anglo-Dutch war was set off when a Dutch admiral, meeting an English colleague in what Britain had proclaimed to be English waters, refused to salute the English flag. The war was fought entirely at sea and ended in a compromise after two years of fighting. Ten years later, in 1664, trouble started anew, and this time in the colonies. The Duke of York, brother of King Charles II of England, had a large interest in the British Royal African Company. In a period of new tension between the two countries on trade matters, ships of his company seized a Dutch settlement on the African coast. When the Dutch States-General received word of this, their top admiral Michiel de Ruyter was dispatched with a fleet to Africa to take revenge. As a result, the English government declared war on The Netherlands. In the meantime, however, another English fleet had appeared off Nieuw Amsterdam and forced Pieter Stuyvesant to surrender New Netherland. The English expected a fight, but when Colonel Nicolls showed himself before the town with four men-of-war on August 28, 1664, he found a fort so neglected that defiance of his power seemed out of the question. Yet Stuyvesant tried to rally his colony to the defense. For ten days he stalled for time while trying to instill some of his martial prowess in the half-hearted settlers. It was in vain. When Nicolls sent a final ultimatum, the red, white and blue of Holland came down and the white flag was hoisted. At home the Dutch showed more fighting spirit. After several sea battles Admiral de Ruyter delivered a blow to England by sailing up the Thames and capturing the British flagship right outside of London harbor. In Pepys' diary you can read of the panic he created in the city. Five weeks later a peace was concluded which was rather favorable to Holland. England was to keep New Netherland; but Surinam in South America, which Holland had taken from the English, was to remain under the Dutch flag. The men of the West India Company considered the exchange a happy one. They preferred a tropical country complete with sugar plantations and slaves any day to a settlement of white colonists. Pieter Stuyvesant was called back to Amsterdam in a rather sad attempt by the Company to put the blame for the surrender of 1664 on him. When the shouting and the shooting had died down, he returned to Nieuw Amsterdam, which had now changed its name to New York and continued to live on his bouwerij or farm in Manhattan. He died there in 1672, but the Dutch name lives on as The Bowery, a well-known street in Lower Manhattan, now unfortunately part of New York's skid row. Almost everyone here thinks that was the end of New Netherland: conquest by Britain. Actually, there was a different sequence of events. Holland did not lose New Netherland through force.   Nieuw Amsterdam was New York from 1664 to 1673, but in that year it became Dutch once more, this time under the name Nieuw Oranje, `New Orange.' That was in honor of the Dutch Prince of Orange, who a few years later was destined to become King William of England. Nieuw Oranje started its short life because of a new war between England and Holland in 1673. Two Dutch admirals with a fleet of no less than twenty-three ships appeared in New York harbor and began to land troops. The story of 1664 was now repeated in reverse. The English commander felt he had no choice but to surrender, and thus the colony once again became New Netherland and the Duke of York had to cede to the Prince of Orange, at least in the matter of names. But Nieuw Oranje lasted only one year. The Anglo-Dutch war was ended by the Treaty of Westminster of 16


Ding Junhui is a rising star in which sport?

Ding junhui | Yutang Sports - China Sports Insights Yutang Sports - China Sports Insights picture from web By Global Times-Mark Dreyer When snooker star Ding Junhui won the China Open as an 18-year-old in 2005, many predicted that the face of the sport would change forever. Dozens of young players from across China would seek to emulate Ding, and the world rankings were sure to be dominated by Chinese players within a decade. Ten years on, though, Ding remains the only Chinese mainland star to have made a serious impression on the sport, but another sub-par performance at the World Championships has capped a disappointing season. Click HERE to Read More By Mark Dreyer, Global Times. Last week was a bittersweet one for Chinese snooker star Ding Junhui. Despite suffering a shock defeat to world No.100 James Cahill in the UK Championship – a tournament he has won twice – it became apparent that Ding would ascend to the top of the world rankings for the first time, something that became official this week. Ding becomes just the 11th world No.1 – and the first Asian – in snooker history, following in the footsteps of legends such as Stephen Hendry, Steve Davis and Ronnie O’Sullivan. O’Sullivan remains indisputably the world’s most talented player – and arguably the best of all time – but the world rankings are now based on a two-year rolling prize money list and Ding’s consistency, which includes winning a record-equaling five tournaments last season, has seen him leapfrog both Neil Robertson and Mark Selby to claim the top spot. For Ding, two goals remain: winning the World Championship and beating O’Sullivan in a ranking tournament. Both are within his capabilities, but his hardest task might be staying at the top of the world rankings. With a bull’s-eye now on his back, he may well find that getting to No.1 is just the start of the road, not the end. One thing in his favor, though, is that, for years, Ding has known the pressure of having millions following his every shot. In fact, that pressure from fans in China – which once led Ding, only half sarcastically, to wish that he was an alien – should mean he has a good chance to cement his place at the top, rather than buckle under his newfound fame, but the intricacies of the ranking system are set up in such a way that Robertson or Selby may well reclaim the top spot in the coming months. In the wider context of Chinese sports stars, Ding’s achievement is impressive. While China has had several top-seeded players in sports such as table tennis, diving and badminton, Ding is the first in the modern era to reach the topw in a “new” sport. For all her success, Li Na could never overhaul Serena Williams, and no one would claim Yao Ming was ever the best of his era, despite repeatedly being selected by fans to appear in the NBA All-Star Game. But Ding has broken through a key psychological barrier in his sport, making it that much easier for the next wave of Chinese players to follow in his footsteps. picture from web By China.org.cn China’s Ding Junhui will become the first ever Asian world number one when snooker’s world rankings are revised at the end of the UK Championship on Sunday. Ding suffered a shock 6-5 defeat against James Cahill in the last 32 in York on Tuesday night, but has still done enough to take over from Mark Selby at the top of the list. Neil Robertson could have regained the number one spot if he had beaten Graeme Dott in the last 16, but the Australian’s 6-5 defeat leaves him in second place. Ding, who won a record-equalling five ranking titles last season, will become the 11th world number one in snooker history, after Ray Reardon, Cliff Thorburn, Steve Davis, Stephen Hendry, John Higgins, Mark Williams, Ronnie O’Sullivan, Robertson, Selby and Judd Trump. World Snooker Chairman Barry Hearn said: “Congratulations to Ding as the first Asian player to become world number one, it’s a great achievement. The goal for him is out there now: can he win the World Championship and bring the crown back to China? “His match last night against James Cahill was fantast


Originally a UK TV series using string puppets it first aired in 1952 with an idiosyncratic version of English called Oddle Poddle; what was the series?

Flower Pot Men Flower Pot Men Still from original BBC series, with Little Weed centre The Flower Pot Men is a British children’s programme, produced by BBC television , first transmitted in 1952, and repeated regularly for more than twenty years. [1] The show was the basis for a comic strip of the same name in the children’s magazine Robin . [2] A reboot of the show called Bill and Ben was produced in 2001. [3] Contents 6 External links Original series Originally, the programme was part of a BBC children’s television series titled Watch with Mother , with a different programme each weekday, most of them involving string puppets. The Flower Pot Men was the story of Bill and Ben, two little men made of flower pots who lived at the bottom of an English suburban garden. The characters were devised by Freda Lingstrom and Maria Bird . Three later stories were written by Hilda Brabban. The puppeteers were Audrey Atterbury and Molly Gibson. The voices and other noises were produced by Peter Hawkins , Gladys Whitred and Julia Williams. The narration for all episodes was done by Maria Bird . The plot changed little in each episode. The programme always took place in a garden, behind a potting shed. The third character was Little Weed , of indeterminate species, somewhat resembling a sunflower or dandelion with a smiling face, growing between two large flowerpots. The three were also sometimes visited by a tortoise called Slowcoach, and in one particular episode, the trio meet a slightly mysterious character made out of potatoes called Dan the potato man. While the “ man who worked in the garden ” was away having his dinner the two Flower Pot Men, Bill and Ben, emerged from the two flowerpots. After a minor adventure a minor mishap occurs; someone is guilty. “Which of those two flower pot men, was it Bill or was it Ben?” the narrator trills, in a quavering soprano ; the villain confesses; the gardener’s footsteps are heard coming up the garden path; the Flower Pot Men vanish into their pots and the closing credits roll. The final punch-line was, “and I think the little house knew something about it! Don’t you?” The Flower Pot Men spoke their own, highly inflected version of English, called Oddle Poddle, which was invented by Peter Hawkins (who also voiced the Daleks and Captain Pugwash ). At the end of each adventure, they would say bye-bye to each other and to the Little Weed – “Babap ickle Weed” – to which the Weed would inevitably reply with tremulous cadence “Weeeeeeeeeeed”. This language, like that of the Teletubbies in the 1990s, was criticised for hindering children from learning proper English. [3] Amongst fans there is controversy about whether they actually said “Flobbalob”, as is popularly supposed. 2001 reboot On 4 January 2001, a reboot [4] named Bill and Ben began on CBBC on BBC Two , this time involving stop-motion animation , 35mm film style and full colour, and made by Cosgrove Hall Films with a team of ten animators. [5] Bill and Slowcoach was voiced by John Thomson (who also serves as the narrator), Ben was voiced by Jimmy Hibbert and Weed was voiced by Eve Karpf . [5] The series aired in Ireland on RTEjr and formerly aired on CBeebies in 2002-2009. Many additions were implemented: “Flying Boots” (11 June 1953) Bill and Ben series 1 (2001–2002) “The Tortoise and the Pots” – Bill and Ben challenge Slowcoach the tortoise to nut-gathering contest. (4 January 2001) “Go Fly A Kite” – Pry has lost her favourite green milk bottle top. Bill and Ben try to find out but end up stuck in a rubbish tip. How will they get home? (11 January 2001) “A Piece Of Sky” – Bill and Ben look for something to cheer up Weed’s part of the garden. They think a piece of sky might be just the thing. (18 January 2001) “The Hottest Day” – Bill and Ben look for something to protect Weed from the sun. (25 January 2001) “Litterhog” – When Bill and Ben wake up to find the garden full of litter, Weed suggests a competition to see who can clear up the most mess. (1 February 2001) “Sticky Problems” – Bill and Ben find something very useful, but it tur


Apiphobia – Causes and Symptoms of Apiphobia – Treatment Share your stories and support others... Apiphobia Tweet Apiphobia is the extreme and irrational fear of bees or bee stings. While it is normal for anyone to want to avoid being stung by a bee, for someone with apiphobia, that fear is much more pronounced and pervasive. Someone with this disorder reacts in a much more uncontrollable and frantic manner, becoming fearful at the mere sight or mention of bees. Furthermore, the apiphobic will change his or her plans in order to avoid any kind of exposure to bees. Causes of Apiphobia Like all phobias there is no universally specific explanation for apiphobia. Rather, it is the various unique experiences of each individual that leads to the development of such a disorder. Some examples of experiences that could have resulted in the development of apiphobia include early life traumatic events that involved bees, witnessing such events, or even upbringing by parents or caregivers that stressed a fear or aversion towards bees. Regardless, if left untreated, this phobia can only become worse and further hinder the freedom of the sufferer. Symptoms of Apiphobia If you believe that you or someone you know may have apiphobia, here are some symptoms to look for: Feelings of dread or panic when exposed to or thinking about bees Automatic or uncontrollable reactions when exposed to or thinking about bees Rapid heartbeat Extreme avoidance of bees Treatment of Apiphobia Like many phobias, treatment for the disorder is usually best left to a mental health practitioner. The goal of any such expert is to first target the initial inciting factor that caused the person’s irrational and extreme fear. The patient and therapist talk about why the fear unfounded, how they can come to terms with any traumatic experiences that caused the phobia, as well as ways to deal with the symptoms of the condition. This type of therapy is usually very effective, with a vast majority of patients completely overcoming or successfully coping with apiphobia symptom-free for years, if not for the remainder of their lives. Some therapists opt to use cognitive behavioral therapy . With this type of treatment, the patient meets with the therapist, and in a systematic and gradual progression, confronts the source of fear while learning to control the physical and mental reactions to it. By facing the phobia head on, the patient becomes accustomed to it and thus ultimately realizes that his or her initial fears were not grounded in real or imminent danger. If you are searching for help with apiphobia, finding it is quite easy. There are plenty of therapists and peer groups willing to help not only with the disorder but also the psychological difficulties attendant with it. If self-help is not working, do not hesitate to reach out to these resources for support. View Resources


Memphis, Tennessee, lies in the river valley of which river?

Army Corps flood fighters fully engaged as major flooding threat - WMC Action News 5 - Memphis, Tennessee Army Corps flood fighters fully engaged as major flooding threat - WMC Action News 5 - Memphis, Tennessee Member Center: Army Corps flood fighters fully engaged as major flooding threatens Mississippi River Valley 2015-12-30T16:44:10Z Source: Wikipedia VICKSBURG, MS (Mississippi News Now) - The Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, fully activated its flood fighting emergency management operations to manage rapidly rising water levels on the Mississippi River and several tributaries, with the highest Mississippi River levels since the Great Flood of 2011. The St. Louis District is now battling flooding along the Missouri, Mississippi and Illinois rivers with forecasts to go higher over the course of this week.  The Memphis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, initiated its own flood fight on December 28 for the Mississippi, Upper St. Francis and White rivers. Forecasters believe the river will remain above 49 feet for several days depending upon additional rainfall. During flood-fight activities, Corps personnel monitor all federal flood control works including levees, flood walls and pumping stations. Based on National Weather Service forecasts indicating Cairo will crest at 59 feet on January 5, the third highest on record, the Corps began mobilizing people, barges and operational equipment from various locations to begin possible Birds Point - New Madrid floodway operations. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers says that although they do not anticipate operating the floodway, they are preparing for any contingency that will protect the integrity of the Mississippi River and Tributaries Project.   As the crest moves south, major flood stages are forecasted for Memphis, Vicksburg and New Orleans. These major flood stages also create the potential for activating the Bonnet Carre' spillway and the Morganza floodway. Additional public announcements will be issued as the crest nears the lower river. The Corps' division headquarters in Vicksburg, Mississippi coordinates all flood-fight activities in the Mississippi Valley. The division's Emergency Operations Centers in each of the impacted districts direct flood-fight activities in conjunction with the affected states, levee districts and other local interest groups. The federal flood protection works in the Mississippi Valley protect many thousands of homes, millions of lives and vast tracts of fertile cropland. The overall flood control system, also known as the Mississippi River and Tributaries project prevented more than $230 billion in flood damages during the Great Flood of 2011, and over its history — $639 billion, a 44.5 to 1 return rate — and that figure will increase following this year's flood event. Copyright 2015  MSNewsNow . All rights reserved. News on WMCTV.comNews More>> Saturday, January 7 2017 10:27 AM EST2017-01-07 15:27:08 GMT Source: National Weather Service We got our first snow of the season on Friday! Here are the snowfall totals across the Mid-South.  Saturday, January 7 2017 10:09 AM EST2017-01-07 15:09:24 GMT (Source: WMC Action News 5 archives) Friday’s round of winter weather is delaying trash pick-up for city customers. Saturday, January 7 2017 9:45 AM EST2017-01-07 14:45:46 GMT (Source: SCSO) Shelby County Sheriff’s Office is searching to the person(s) responsible for stealing a bike worth $10,000 in East Memphis. Saturday, January 7 2017 9:40 AM EST2017-01-07 14:40:07 GMT Benjamin Hooks Library (Source: WMC Action News 5 archives) Due to the cold temperatures, the City of Memphis is opening a warming center Saturday night. Saturday, January 7 2017 9:33 AM EST2017-01-07 14:33:27 GMT (Source: WMC Action News 5 FILE photo) Memphis Fire Department battled flames at a home in Frayser early Saturday morning. Friday, January 6 2017 12:32 PM EST2017-01-06 17:32:55 GMT Updated: Friday, January 6 2017 12:32 PM EST2017-01-06 17:32:55 GMT Investigators say they don't know why a couple found dead outside their still-running SUV had


"Who entitled his autobiography ""Memoirs of a Professional Cad""?"

Memoirs of A Professional Cad: George Sanders: 9781507777824: Amazon.com: Books Memoirs of A Professional Cad by Read more Read less Best Books of 2016 Looking for something great to read? Browse our editors' picks for the best books of the year in fiction, nonfiction, mysteries, children's books, and much more. Customers also viewed these available items Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Next Special Offers and Product Promotions Editorial Reviews About the Author George Sanders was born in St Petersburg in 1906. He left Russia in 1917 with his family, who settled in England and had George educated at Bedales and Brighton College. He made his British film debut in 1929, but it was in 1930’s Hollywood that he honed his distinctive, charming-yet-dangerous screen persona – the quintessential cad. Sanders co-starred in Alfred Hitchcock’s Rebecca and Foreign Correspondent (both 1940), and went on to win an Academy Award for his signature role, that of Addison DeWitt in All About Eve (1950). He continued to work in films up until the year of his death in 1972. In the 1940’s, Sanders’ film-star status was the impetus for his two crime novels, both featuring recognizably Sanders-esque heroes: Crime on My Hands (1944) and Stranger at Home (1946). In 1960 came a third book: his autobiography, fittingly titled Memoirs of A Professional Cad in which the line between fiction and fact is blurred even more convincingly – and wittily – than in the novels. All three works are available as ebooks from Dean Street Press. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.


Who is the next in this series: Rajiv Gandhi, Vishwanath Pratap Singh, Chandra Shekhar Singh, P. V. Narasimha Rao, Atal Bihari Vajpayee ... ?

V P Singh - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia I am a simple man trying to live a simple life !!!!!! V P Singh Succeeded by  Chandra Shekhar Singh Name  V. Singh Preceded by  Krishna Chandra Pant Preceded by  Rajiv Gandhi Grandchildren  Ram Singh of Marwar Role  Former Prime Minister of India Died  November 27, 2008, New Delhi Previous offices  Prime Minister of India (1989–1990) Children  Ajeya Pratap Singh, Abhai Singh Parents  Rani Raj Kanwar, Ram Gopal Singh Similar People  Rajiv Gandhi, Chandra Shekhar, P V Narasimha Rao, I K Gujral, Morarji Desai V p singh Sponsored Links Vishwanath Pratap Singh (25 June 1931 – 27 November 2008), Indian politician and government official, was the Prime Minister of India (1989–90) and the 41st nominal Raja Bahadur (ruler) of the northern kingdom of Manda. Vishwanath Pratap Singh is known for trying to improve the lot of India's lower castes as a Prime Minister. Singh was renowned for his obsession with honesty and his willingness to sacrifice office. Early career Singh was born in the Rajput zamindar (traditional landlord) family ruling the kingdom of Manda on 25 June 1931. He obtained his education from Colonel Brown Cambridge School, Dehra Dun and studied at Allahabad and Pune universities. Sponsored Links Singh became a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh in 1969 as a member of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party). He won election to the Lok Sabha in 1971 and was appointed a Deputy Minister of Commerce by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1974. He served as the Minister of Commerce in 1976–77. He was appointed by Indira Gandhi as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1980, when Gandhi was re-elected after the Janata interlude. As Chief Minister (1980–82), he cracked down hard on dacoitry, a problem that was particularly severe in the rural districts of the south-west Uttar Pradesh. He received much favorable national publicity when he offered to resign following a self-professed failure to stamp out the problem, and again when he personally oversaw the surrender of some of the most feared dacoits of the area in 1983. He resumed his post as Minister of Commerce in 1983. A pivotal figure in the Indian politics, V.P. Singh was responsible for bravely managing the coalition of the Left and BJP against Rajiv Gandhi to dethrone him in the 1989 elections. He is remembered for his magnificent act that he played in 1989 that changed the course of Indian politics by becoming the Prime Minister of India and making the backwards and Dalits eligible for electoral politics. But unlike other Prime Ministers who came after him and made compromises, Singh acted boldly by issuing an arrest warrant against L.K. Advani midway through his rath yatra of Bharatiya Janata Party. By inducing confidence in his people through his actions and not just mere words, Singh had successfully established himself as a person different from other politicians. He took a firm position regarding issues of corruption and secular fabric of the Indian state. Minister for Finance (1984-87) and Defence (1987) Called to New Delhi following Rajiv Gandhi's mandate in the 1984 General Elections, Singh was appointed to the post of Finance Minister, where he oversaw the gradual relaxation of the License Raj (governmental regulation) as Gandhi had in mind. During his term as Finance Minister, he oversaw the reduction of gold smuggling by reducing gold taxes and giving the police a portion of the confiscated gold. He also gave extraordinary powers to the Enforcement Directorate of the Finance Ministry, the wing of the ministry charged with tracking down tax evaders, then headed by Bhure Lal. Singh’s efforts to reduce governmental regulation of business and to prosecute tax fraud attracted widespread praise. Following a number of high-profile raids on suspected evaders – including Dhirubhai Ambani and Amitabh Bachchan – Gandhi was forced to sack him as Finance Minister, possibly because many of the raids were conducted on industrialists who had supported the Congress financially in the past. However, Sin


How many films have been made in the Harry Potter series?

Harry Potter - History of the Books Harry Potter Harry Potter – History of the Books Series Overview Collectively, the seven Harry Potter books have sold nearly 500 million copies since the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone in 1997, making Harry Potter the bestselling book series of all time. Some estimates suggest that only The Bible and The Red Book have sold more copies than the series. The books have been translated into more than 70 languages, making them some of the most translated works of literature in history. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s/Sorcerer’s Stone J.K. Rowling finished the manuscript for Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone in 1995. Represented by Christopher Little, the manuscript was rejected by dozens of publishers. Editors cited the story’s length and politically incorrect focus on boarding school as reasons for rejection. Bloomsbury eventually acquired the manuscript and ordered an initial print run of 500 hardback copies. Two hundred copies hit store shelves in June of 1997 with the remaining 300 sent to libraries. Later that year, the book earned the UK’s National Book Award and a gold medal in the Nestle Smarties Book Prize. These awards, along with positive reviews and word of mouth, made the book well-known in a matter of months – ensuring it would receive larger additional printings. Within two years of its publication, Philosopher’s Stone had sold more than 300,000 copies in the UK alone. Before Philosopher’s Stone even began to appear in bookshops, several U.S. publishers engaged in a bidding war for its American publishing rights. In April of 1997, Arthur A. Levine from the Scholastic Corporation won the rights for $105,000 – more than Levine had ever paid any author, let alone a first-time novelist. Scholastic replaced the word “philosopher” to “sorcerer” in the title, fearing that American children might be put off by the former. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone debuted in the United States in October of 1998. In December, the book appeared on the New York Times bestseller list for the first time. It remained there, generally in one of the top three slots for 79 consecutive weeks, until the Times created a separate list for children’s book list in 2000. The novel garnered numerous honors in the U.S. including Publisher’s Weekly’s Best Book of 1998 award. As of 2012, Philosopher’s Stone has been translated into 74 languages, including Latin and Ancient Greek. More than 107 million copies of the novel have been sold worldwide. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets The second installment in the Harry Potter series was published on July 2, 1998 in the United Kingdom and June 2, 1999 in the United States. It quickly rose to the top of bestseller lists in both countries and has since been translated into 65 languages. Like its predecessor, Chamber of Secrets won the Nestle Smarties book prize as well as several other honors including the American Library Association’s Best Book for Young Adults, and the first-ever children’s book award from the Scottish Arts Council. As of 2012, the book has sold 77 million copies worldwide and been translated into 72 languages. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Prisoner of Azkaban was published in July of 1999 in the United Kingdom, and three months later in the United States. After the book sold more than 68,000 copies on the first day of its release in the U.K., American publisher Scholastic ordered an initial print run of half a million copies. The novel quickly took the number one spot on the New York Times bestseller list. This accomplishment meant that, for the first time, a third of the prestigious list consisted of children’s books, with Sorcerer’s Stone and Chamber of Secrets finishing out the top three slots. Along with other honors, Prisoner of Azkaban was named the Whitbread Book of the Year for 1999. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Goblet of Fire was released in the United States and the United Kingdom on July 8, 2000. J.K. Rowling originally intended to call the book “Harry Potter and the Doomsp


What name was given to a series of treaties between Scotland and France, aimed specifically against England, that began in 1295 and lasted until 1560?

Map of Auld Alliance - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki Wikipedia article: Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: The Auld Alliance ( English : Old Alliance) ( , ) refers to a series of treaties, offensive and defensive in nature, between Scotland on 23 October 1295 – subsequently ratified at Dunfermline the following February – during the reign of John Balliol and Philip the Fair . It was renewed on several subsequent occasions, and affected Franco-Scottish (and English) affairs until the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560. There were times when the two nations acquired considerable mutual benefit from the alliance, particularly after the outbreak of the Hundred Years War . In time of need In the summer of 1294 Edward I initiated war with France. That same season John Balliol, in attendance at the English court, was prevailed upon to join a projected invasion of Flanders with his chief vassals. Technically, John had little choice in the matter, as he had recognised Edward as his feudal superior some years before. But this was the most serious breach of Scottish national sovereignty to date; and for the leading men of the realm it was one step too far. No sooner had John returned with the unwelcome news than he was effectively put in 'wardship', a council of twelve being appointed to manage national affairs. The most important task before the council was to end Scotland's political and diplomatic isolation. It is not absolutely certain who initiated the matter. The Scottish government was searching for an ally; so too was King Philip. When the Scots' negotiators arrived in Paris they joined a party sent by Eric II of Norway , which finally concluded its own agreement with the French the day before the Scots. The aim of the Scots was simple enough: to ensure that Philip acquired a direct interest in both the survival of the nation and its monarchy. However, in signing the alliance they had also effectively signed a declaration of war against England. To cement the bargain a marriage was to be arranged between Edward Balliol , John's son and heir, and Jeanne de Valois , King Philip's niece. The French king also made the unusual stipulation that the treaty be ratified not just by King John but also by the estates of the realm, suggesting that he had a degree of insight into the politics – and personalities – motivating the Scottish offer. In practice, Scotland obtained very little benefit from this first alliance. The country faced a full-scale English onslaught in the spring of 1296, beginning the Wars of Scottish Independence , with no discernible help from the French. More seriously, after the unexpected Scots victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge , Philip concluded a truce with Edward. This allowed Edward to devote his full attention to defeating William Wallace , who was acting as Guardian of Scotland , at the Battle of Falkirk . The following year the Anglo-French peace agreement concluded at Montreuil effectively nullified the Treaty of Paris . Any residual hope that Philip would intervene in Scotland and restore John Balliol to the throne ended in 1302 after his army was routed by the Flemings at the Battle of the Golden Spurs . Philip, seriously unsettled, rushed into a definitive peace with the English. A Scots mission under Sir John Soules came to Paris to try to remind him of his obligations under the treaty of 1295, but they were almost immediately disarmed from an unexpected direction. John Balliol, taken prisoner by the English in 1296, was eventually released into papal custody, finally being allowed to settle on his ancient family estates in Picardy , part of the Kingdom of France. From here, describing himself as 'King of Scotland', he wrote to Philip - presumably by prior arrangement - authorising him to act on his behalf, and settle matters 'either by peace or truce', thus betraying all those who had fought so hard on his behalf since 1297. On Edward's insistence the Scots delegates were not allowed to attend the peace talks, and Soules and his party were effectively placed under arrest. The Sc


"Where did British mill engineer Joseph Jagger famously ""break the bank"" at a gaming establishment in 1873?"

News » theHobbyStudios.com - The ultimate destination for Wargamers! News The ultimate destination for Wargamers! News News March 15 44 BC – Julius Caesar, of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March. 1776 – South Carolina becomes the first American colony to declare its independence from England and set up its own government. 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Guilford Courthouse – Near present-day Greensboro, North Carolina, 1,900 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis defeat an American force numbering 4,400. 1916 – President Woodrow Wilson sends 12,000 United States troops over the U.S.-Mexico border to pursue Pancho Villa. 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the Russian throne and his brother the Grand Duke becomes Tsar. 1922 – After Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom, Fuad I becomes King of Egypt. 1939 – World War II: German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist. 1939 – Carpatho-Ukraine declares itself an independent republic, but is annexed by Hungary the next day. 1943 – World War II: Third Battle of Kharkov – the Germans retake the city of Kharkov from the Soviet armies in bitter street fighting. 1945 – World War II: Soviet forces begin an offensive to push Germans from Upper Silesia. 1985 – The first Internet domain name is registered (symbolics.com). 1990 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first President of the Soviet Union. Born Today but Possibly Dead 1767 – Andrew Jackson: 7th President of the United States (d. 1845) 1919 – Lawrence Tierney: American actor and star of such shows as Reservoir Dogs & The Simpsons (d. 2002) 1935 – Judd Hirsch: American actor and star of such shows as Taxi, Independance Day, and Numbers 1943 – David Cronenberg: Canadian film director of shows such as Naked Lunch & Eastern Promises 1944 – Sly Stone: American musician and famous rolling stone. Wherever he laid his hat was his home. 1955 – Dee Snider: American singer (Twisted Sister) 1962 – Terence Trent D'Arby: the late 80's one-hit wonder who gave us Wishing Well. Did great James Brown impression... 1963 – Bret Michaels: American musician (Poison). I listened to their first album (yes, I said album) at least 6 times a day for a whole summer! 1964 – Rockwell: American musician who always feels like someone is watching him. These Guys Died Today 1977 – Antonino Rocca: Argentine professional wrestler (b. 1927) 1988 – Dmitri Polyakov: Soviet double-agent (b. 1926) 1998 – Benjamin Spock: American pediatrician and writer (b. 1903) Quote: "It's not the teaching, it's the learning." Sly Stone March 14 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne during the French Wars of Religion. 1647 – Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Spanish forces capture Fort Charlotte in Mobile, Alabama, the last British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans in Spanish Louisiana. 1915 – World War I: Cornered off the coast of Chile by the Royal Navy after fleeing the Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German light cruiser SMS Dresden is abandoned and scuttled by her crew. 1943 – World War II – The Kraków Ghetto is 'liquidated'. What else could go wrong? (see below) 1945 – World War II – The R.A.F. first operational use of the Grand Slam bomb, Bielefeld, Germany. This bomb came with 2 eggs, 2 pancakes and choice of 2 sausage or bacon. 1980 – In Poland, a plane crashes during final approach near Warsaw, killing 87 people, including a 14-man American boxing team. So, all in all, NOT a great day in history for Poland. (See above) 1984 – Gerry Adams, head of Sinn Féin, is seriously wounded in an assassination attempt in central Belfast. Born Today but Possibly Dead 1885 – Raoul Lufbery: American World War I pilot (d. 1918) 1921 – S. Truett Cathy: founder of Chic


What mythical creature is a symbol of Wales?

9 Weirdest Welsh Mythical Creatures - The Spooky Isles 9 Weirdest Welsh Mythical Creatures NIA JONES celebrates St David’s Day by picking some of Wales’ most unusual mythical creatures 9. Adar Llwch Gwin Giant and ferocious Griffin-like birds, the Adar Llwch Gwin were said to understand the human language and obeyed every command given to them by their keepers. The name Adar Llwch Gwin derives from the Welsh for birds = (Adar), dust = (Llwch) and wine = (Gwin). 8. Coblynau Standing only 18 inches tall these helpful spirits assisted the miners by knock in tight places with rich lodes of precious metals or minerals. Always dressed in mining outfits; the Coblynau are the Welsh equivalent of the Cornish Knockers. 7. Y Tylwyth Teg Known anciently by the natives as “Y Tylwyth Teg” which literally means “the fair folk”, Welsh faeries typically live in lakes or streams. The magical entities are said to resemble stunning fair humans with glassy blue eyes and blonde-white hair. 6. Yr Afanc Yr Afanc was said to be a large demonic lake beast, which took the form of a grotesque dwarf, giant beaver or crocodile.. Protective of its surroundings The Afanc was said to attack and devour anyone who fished or entered its waters without its permission. 5. Y Cyhyraeth Similar to the Irish Banshee, the Cyhyraeth is a seldom heard formless death spirit. This apparition is said to groan and cry before a death, or multiple deaths caused by a disaster or epidemic, she also wails for the death of natives who have died away from their homeland. 4. Y Gwyllgi A frightening black dog, similar to a mastiff with fiery red eyes stalked the country roads of Wales. The beast’s howling could be heard through the night, an apparition so terrifying that whoever caught its gaze would be paralysed and drop down dead. 3. Morgens Mean-spirited yet beautiful water nymphs that lured foolish men to their deaths with false glimpses of bucolic underwater gardens and palaces adorned with crystals and gold. The Morgens also enjoyed destroying crops and flooding villages by manipulating the water supply. 2. Llamhigyn Y Dwr A frog-like-bat-lizard hybrid which resided in Welsh lakes, ponds, and swamps, its other name being a Water Leaper. The Llamhigyn Y Dwr is a wild carnivorous being, feeding on livestock and was even known to attack fishermen. 1. Y Ddraig Y Ddraig (Dragon) has emerged from the combination of Arthurian legend and welsh folklore. Merlin advised King Vortigern of a prophecy dream that involved a red and white dragon locked in battle. The red eventually triumphing over the white, this foretold that the Welsh would overcome their Anglo-Saxon invaders. Mar 1, 2015


What is the word for an asexual form of reproduction found in females where growth and development of embryos occurs without fertilisation by a male?

What is it? What is parthenogenesis? Parthenogenesis is most simply defined as reproduction without fertilization. More specifically, it occurs when a female gamete develops a new individual without being fertilized by a male gamete. It is often called a form of "asexual reproduction," but it is more accuratley defined as an incomplete form of sexual reproduction. This is because it involves the production, activation, and development of a female egg which is a specialized reproductive cell (Kaufman, 1983). Parthenogenesis is not to be confused with hermaphroditic species which can also reproduce by themselves. Hermaphroditic species reproduce by themselves because an organism can produce both the male and female gamete. Parthenogenesis soley involves the production and stimulation of a female egg. The name itself comes from the Greek words parthenos or "virgin" and genesis or "creation" Note that this image is a demonstration of parthenogenesis in sharks. The mechanism of parthenogenesis varies between organisms (Picture from: www.nova.edu/.../images/bbc_virginshark_1.gif) Types of Parthenogenesis Facultative   Parthenogenesis This is seen when a species has the ability to reproduce sexually through fertilization and asexually through parthenogenesis. The switch between sexual and asexual reproduction is sometimes based on the organism's environment. Thses species can create eggs that are capable of development from either fertilization or parthenogenic activation. Several sepecies of insects demonstrate this as their unfertilized eggs will develop into one sex, while their fertilized eggs will develop into the other. Facultative parthenogenesis is seen in komodo dragons. They are able to switch between regular and parthenogenetic reproduction based on the availibilty of a mate. (Bookrags Staff) Cyclic Parthenogenesis / Heterogony In some species, parthenogenetic generations alternate with generations in which fertilization is able to take place. In these species certain eggs are capable of fertilization, while certain eggs are not. Each cyclicly parthenogenetic organism has its own process that determines how and when each type of eggs is laid and what type of organism each egg will develop into. For example, water fleas lay eggs that are morphologically distinct. Certain eggs are capable of being fertilized. These eggs are slow developing, yolk-rich, and lie dormant through the winter. After fertilization by males, these eggs will develop and hatch as females. Other eggs are laid parthenogenicly. These eggs are smaller, grow faster, and are laid in the summer. These will develop into embryos without fertilization by a male. Some will develop into females and some will develop into males. (Bookrags Staff) Picture from: www.waterflea.org/lifecycle   Chromosomal Differences There are also chromosomal differences in different types of parthenogenesis. Some species undergo haploid parthenogenesis after chromosomal reduction has already occurred. Here progeny arise from haploid eggs and turn into haploid individuals. This is seen in male honey bees and some flowering plants. It is rarer than diploid parthenogenesis. (Rose, 1989) Other species undergo diploid parthenogenesis. This can occur by a variety of mechanisms. In automicitic parthenogenesis, chromosome reduction occurs in the normal manner and the diploid chromosome number is restored by the fusion of two haploid nuclei. In apomicitic parthenogenesis, there is no chromosome reduction or nuclear fusion.  In this case, meosis does not occur completley during egg formation so there is no chromosomal reduction of the egg. Both mechanisms will create diploid individuals. (Rose, 1989) Artificial   Parthenogenesis Parthenogenesis has been been artificially induced in practically all animal phyla. In 1900, Jeauqes Leon did the first clear case of artificial parthenogenesis by pricking unfertilized frog eggs with a needle. He found that in some cases normal development ensued. Eggs can also be stimulated to mature using things such as temperature changes, seawater sol


Which prophetess, the daughter of Priam, King of Troy, was killed following the fall of Troy by Agamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra?

SparkNotes: Agamemnon: Characters SparkNotes Overall Summary Lines 1-257 Agamemnon -  The King of Argos, the husband of Clytemnestra, and the commander of the Greek armies during the siege of Troy. Agamemnon is the older brother of Menelaus, whose wife Helen was stolen by a Trojan prince, thus igniting a decade-long war. A great warrior, he sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia in order to obtain a favorable wind to carry the Greek fleet to Troy. During the ten-year conflict, his Queen has plotted his death in order to avenge the killing of their daughter. He appears on stage only briefly, and behaves arrogantly. He goes to his death unaware of his fate. Clytemnestra -  The play's protagonist, Clytemnestra is Agamemnon's wife and has ruled Argos in his absence. She plans his murder with ruthless determination, and feels no guilt after his death; she is convinced of her own rectitude and of the justice of killing the man who killed her daughter. She is, a sympathetic character in many respects, but the righteousness of her crime is tainted by her entanglement with Aegisthus. Even so, Aeschylus makes it clear that Agamemnon's death must be avenged. Chorus  -  The elder citizens of Argos, who were too old to fight in the Trojan War. They serve as advisors to Queen Clytemnestra during Agamemnon's absence, and provide commentary on the action of the play. Their speeches provide the background for the action, for they foreshadow the King's death when they describe the events of the Trojan War and discuss the dangers of human pride. Cassandra -  A Trojan priestess, captured by Agamemnon and carried to Argos as his slave and mistress. She was Apollo's lover. Apollo gave her the gift of prophecy, but when she refused to bear him a child, he punished her by making all around her disbelieve her predictions. She sees the ancestral curse afflicting Agamemnon's family, and predicts both his death and her own, as well as the vengeance brought by Orestes in the next play. Aegisthus -  Agamemnon's cousin, and Clytemnestra's lover. His father and Agamemnon's father were rivals for the throne. Agamemnon's father boiled two of his rival's children--Aegisthus' brothers--and served them to him for dinner. Since that time, Aegisthus has been in exile awaiting a chance to seek revenge for the terrible crime. The Watchman  -  The man assigned to watch for the signal of Troy's fall from the roof of the palace. He is joyful at his king's return, but also is gripped with a sense of foreboding. The Herald  -  He brings the Chorus news of Agamemnon's safe homecoming. An ardent patriot, he is ecstatic to see the home he thought he had left forever and provides vivid descriptions of the horrors of the war against Troy. More Help


What is the guillotine most popularly associated with?

8 Things You May Not Know About the Guillotine - History Lists History Lists September 15, 2014 By Evan Andrews Share The guillotine, the notorious killing machine of the French Revolution, was used to behead thousands, including King Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette. Why was it a humane form of execution for its time, and did victims' brains continue functioning after decapitation? Share this: 8 Things You May Not Know About the Guillotine Author 8 Things You May Not Know About the Guillotine URL Google Over some 200 years of use, the guillotine claimed the heads of tens of thousands of victims ranging from common criminals to revolutionaries, aristocrats and even kings and queens. More than just a gruesomely effective killing machine, “Saint Guillotine” served as a symbol of the French Revolution and cast an infamous shadow over much of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Below, learn eight surprising facts about the execution device once dubbed the “National Razor” of France. Its origins date back to the Middle Ages. The name “guillotine” dates to the 1790s and the French Revolution, but similar execution machines had already been in existence for centuries. A beheading device called the “planke” was used in Germany and Flanders during the Middle Ages, and the English had a sliding axe known as the Halifax Gibbet, which may have been lopping off heads all the way back to antiquity. The French guillotine was likely inspired by two earlier machines: the Renaissance-era “mannaia” from Italy, and the notorious “Scottish Maiden,” which claimed the lives of some 120 people between the 16th and 18th centuries. Evidence also shows that primitive guillotines may have been in use in France long before the days of the French Revolution. It was originally developed as a more humane method of execution. The origins of the French guillotine date back to late-1789, when Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposed that the French government adopt a gentler method of execution. Although he was personally opposed to capital punishment, Guillotin argued that decapitation by a lightning-quick machine would be more humane and egalitarian than sword and axe beheadings, which were often botched. He later helped oversee the development of the first prototype, an imposing machine designed by French doctor Antoine Louis and built by a German harpsichord maker named Tobias Schmidt. The device claimed its first official victim in April 1792, and quickly became known as the “guillotine”—much to the horror of its supposed inventor. Guillotin tried to distance himself from the machine during the guillotine hysteria of the 1790s, and his family later unsuccessfully petitioned the French government to change its name in the early 19th century. Guillotine executions were major spectator events. During the Reign of Terror of the mid-1790s, thousands of “enemies of the French revolution” met their end by the guillotine’s blade. Some members of the public initially complained that the machine was too quick and clinical, but before long the process had evolved into high entertainment. People came to the place de la Revolution in droves to watch the guillotine do its grisly work, and the machine was honored in countless songs, jokes and poems. Spectators could buy souvenirs, read a program listing the names of the victims, or even grab a quick bite to eat at a nearby restaurant called “Cabaret de la Guillotine.” Some people attended on a daily basis, most famously the “Tricoteuses,” a group of morbid women who supposedly sat beside the scaffold and knitted in between beheadings. The theater even extended to the condemned. Many people offered sarcastic quips or defiant last words before being executed, and others danced their way up the steps of the scaffold. Fascination with the guillotine waned at the end of the 18th century, but public beheadings continued in France until 1939. It was a popular children’s toy. Children often attended guillotine executions, and some may have even played with their own miniature guillotines at home. During the 1790s, a two-foot-tall


Tehran is situated at the southern end of which body of water?

Ø Ù Ø Ø Ø Ø Ù Ù persian ØªÙ Ø Ø Ù tehran on Instagram Media Removed . . #تجریش نام شهری در کلان‌شهر تهران است که به عنوان یکی از محلّه‌های شهر تهران هم به شمار می‌آید. هزار سال پیش تجریش،  #طجرشت خوانده می شد. چنان که راوندی مورخ تاریخ در شرح سلطنت طغرل سلجوقی آورده است: «آنگاه سلطان از #تبریز به سوی #ری رفت تا زفاف به دار الملک باشد. اندک مایه رنج ... . . #تجریش نام شهری در کلان‌شهر تهران است که به عنوان یکی از محلّه‌های شهر تهران هم به شمار می‌آید. هزار سال پیش تجریش،  #طجرشت خوانده می شد. چنان که راوندی مورخ تاریخ در شرح سلطنت طغرل سلجوقی آورده است: «آنگاه سلطان از #تبریز به سوی #ری رفت تا زفاف به دار الملک باشد. اندک مایه رنج بر وی مستولی شد، به قصران بیرونی، به در ری به دیه طجرشت ( تجریش ) از جهت خنکی هوا نزول فرمود، چه حرارت هوا بغایت بود ( به سال ۴۵۵ ق). جالب اینجاست که طغرل در همان تجریش وفات یافت و جنازه اش برای دفن به ری منتقل شد. جمعیت شهر تجریش در ۱۳۳۵ شمسی ، ۲۶,۵۲۵ تن و در سرشماری ۱۳۶۵ شمسی حدود ۴۰,۰۰۰ تن بود. در سرشماری ۱۳۷۵ شمسی، به علت متصل بودن تجریش به شهر تهران و قرارگرفتن در محدودة تهران بزرگ، جمعیت آن همراه با جمعیت تهران ذکر شد. #Tajrish (Persian: تجريش, also Romanized as Tajrīsh) is a former #village in  #Shemiranat County, Tehran Province, Iran, which has since been absorbed into Tehran. Etymology: The name Tajrish is given from "TAT" which was the official language of shemiran before choosing Tehran as the capital.Pahlavi tigr means "arrow", in the same family as Old Persian tigra- "pointed" (compare tigra-xauda), Modern Persian têz"sharp" because of its mountainous topography and also Tajrish river in this region. Tigris in Mesopotamia has a same name and etymology. Until the 1970s, Tajrish and neighboring Shemiranat were basically a collection of small villages along Tehran's border, often used as a summer retreat by city residents. The area was relatively disconnected from Tehran's urban with the exception of Old Shemiran road, currently known as Shariati Avenue. With the construction of Pahlavi "road" (now named Valiasr Ave) in 1930s and Modarres Highway, then known as Shahanshahi Boulevard, the Northern suburbs became highly accessible from downtown and rapid expansion followed by. #persian #iran #Tehran #THR Media Removed . . #خیابان_فردوسی (نام پیشین: خیابان علاءالدوله، پیش از آن خیابان امین‌السلطان) یکی از خیابان‌های شمالی-جنوبی قدیمی تهران است. از دیرباز، با توجه به صرافی‌های متعدد و دلارفروشان غیر رسمی موجود در آن، این خیابان به یکی از خیابان‌های مهم شهر تهران از منظر اقتصادی تبدیل شده است. ... . . #خیابان_فردوسی (نام پیشین: خیابان علاءالدوله، پیش از آن خیابان امین‌السلطان) یکی از خیابان‌های شمالی-جنوبی قدیمی تهران است. از دیرباز، با توجه به صرافی‌های متعدد و دلارفروشان غیر رسمی موجود در آن، این خیابان به یکی از خیابان‌های مهم شهر تهران از منظر اقتصادی تبدیل شده است. این خیابان به افتخار شاعر بلند آوازه ایرانی ابوالقاسم #فردوسی نام گذاری شده است. این خیابان، در دوره قاجاریه به‌واسطه وجود باغ ایلخانی در آن، گاهی با عنوان خیابان باغ ایلخانی نیز خوانده می‌شده است. باغ ایلخانی که بعدها ساختمان بانک ملی ایران به جای آن ساخته شد، از بناهای ساخته شده توسط قلی‌خان ایلخانی، معروف به حاجی ایلخانی از رجال و شاهزادگان معروف قاجاری بود. این خیابان که در منطقه ۱۲ شهرداری تهران واقع است، در جنوب از میدان توپخانه آغاز شده و پس از گذر از چهارراه اسلامبول، به میدان فردوسی در شمالمنتهی می‌شود. خیابان فردوسی از جنوب به شمال یکطرفه است. بخش‌هایی از خیابان فردوسی به اصناف و فروشندگان کفش و چرمینه، صرافی و نقره اختصاص دارد. سفارتخانه چندین کشور (همچون آلمان، انگلستان وترکیه)، ساختمان مرکزی چندین بانک (مانند بانک ملی ایران، بانک سپه)، چند موزه (موزه جواهرات ملی، موزه سکه بانک سپه) و شرکت‌ها و موسسات بسیاری در طول این خیابان قرار دارند. #Ferdowsi Street formerly Alaodowleh Street is a street located in Tehran. It is named after Ferdowsi and is the center of Tehran’scurrency exchange trade. #persian #iran #Tehran #THR #tehran #ایران #tehran #اهواز  #ایران #تهران #اهواز_تهران #ahvaz_tehran #ahwaz #ahvaz #mustseeahwaz #mustseeiran #iran #mustseetehran . Media Removed . . بزرگراه شهید هِمَّت نام یکی از بزرگراه‌های تهران است که معمولاً از آن با نام بزرگراه همت نام برده می‌شود. این بزرگراه اصلی‌ترین را


"What is ""amblyopia"" commonly known as?"

Treatment of Amblyopia, Lazy Eye or Strabismus Amblyopia Lazy Eye Treatments What                 is Amblyopia or Lazy Eye? Amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, is the                 eye condition noted by reduced vision not correctable                 by glasses or contact lenses and is not due                 to any eye disease. The brain, for some reason,                 does not fully acknowledge the images seen by                 the amblyopic eye. This almost always affects                 only one eye but may manifest with reduction of                 vision in both eyes. It is estimated that three                 percent of children under six have some form of                 amblyopia. What Causes Amblyopia or a Lazy Eye? Both eyes must receive clear images                 during the critical period. Anything that interferes                 with clear vision in either eye during the critical                 period (birth to 6 years of age) can result in                 amblyopia (a reduction in vision not corrected                 by glasses or elimination of an eye turn). The                 most common causes of amblyopia are constant strabismus                 (constant turn of one eye), anisometropia (different                 vision/prescriptions in each eye), and/or blockage                 of an eye due to trauma, lid droop, etc. If one                 eye sees clearly and the other sees a blur, the                 good eye and brain will inhibit (block, suppress,                 ignore) the eye with the blur. Thus, amblyopia                 is a neurologically active process. The inhibition                 process (suppression) can result in a permanent                 decrease in the vision in that eye that can not                 be corrected with glasses, lenses, or lasik surgery. Amblyopia or Lazy Eye Treatment Early treatment of amblyopia or lazy eye is usually simple, employing eyeglasses, drops, Vision Therapy , and/or eye patching. While detection and correction before the age of two                 is considered to offer the best outcomes, 21st century scientific research has disproven the long held belief that children over a certain age (seven or whatever) can not be successfully treated. In fact, many scientific studies on neuroplasticity of the brain in adults are now showing that therapies can improve the vision in amblyopic or lazy eye conditions in older children AND adults. In addition, scientific research has proven that long hours of eye patching are not> to gain positive results. See information on recent scientific studies and research on amblyopia and lazy eye treatments . Treatment of amblyopia after the age of 17 is not                dependent upon age but requires more effort including                vision                therapy. Every amblyopic patient deserves an                attempt at treatment. To quote Optometric Physician, Dr. Leonard J. Press, FAAO, FCOVD: "It’s been proven that a motivated adult with strabismus and/or amblyopia who works diligently at Optometric Vision Therapy can obtain meaningful improvement in visual function. As my patients are fond of saying: "I'm not looking for perfection; I'm looking for you to help me make it better". It's important that eye doctors don't make sweeping value judgments for patients. Rather than saying "nothing can be done", the proper advice would be: "You won't have as much improvement as you would have had at a younger age; but I'll refer you to a vision specialist who can help you if you're motivated." In c


Jawbone | Define Jawbone at Dictionary.com jawbone a bone of either jaw ; a maxilla or mandible. 2. the bone of the lower jaw; mandible. verb (used with or without object), jawboned, jawboning. 3. Informal. to attempt to influence or pressure by persuasion rather than by the exertion of force or one's authority, as in urging voluntary compliance with economic guidelines: The president jawboned the steel industry into postponing price increases. adjective Informal. obtained by or resorting to such a practice: jawbone controls. Examples from the Web for jawbone Expand Contemporary Examples But they have not officially confirmed whether or not the jawbone is even human, let alone if it belongs to the missing girl. Natalee Holloway: Is the Bone in Aruba Hers? Barbie Latza Nadeau November 18, 2010 Historical Examples Samson is sitting upon the lion he tamed with the jawbone of an ass, and holds the strange weapon in his hand. British Dictionary definitions for jawbone Expand a nontechnical name for mandible (or (less commonly)) maxilla verb 2. (US) to try to persuade or bring pressure to bear (on) by virtue of one's high office or position, esp in urging compliance with official policy Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for jawbone Expand n. mid-15c., from jaw (n.) + bone (n.). Hence jawboning "lecturing, hectoring," a term associated with the U.S. Lyndon Johnson presidential administration (1966); cf. jaw (v.). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Who, in 1901, won the Triple Crown in Major League baseball?

A look at baseball's Triple Crown winners | MLB.com Harold Reynolds interviews Frank Robinson 9/28/12: MLB Network's Harold Reynolds interviews Frank Robinson about winning the Triple Crown 1956 -- Mickey Mantle, New York Yankees (AL): Mantle took batting average (.353) and RBIs (130) by fairly narrow margins, but blew away the field in homers. His 52 bombs were 20 more than Vic Wertz's 32 and nine more than NL leader Duke Snider's 43. Not surprisingly, Mantle captured the first of two straight MVP awards, and first of three for his career. 1942 and '47 -- Ted Williams, Boston Red Sox (AL): Williams is the only AL player, and one of two total, to take multiple Triple Crowns, but he might have won even more if not for World War II. A year after he became the last Major League player to bat at least .400, a 23-year-old Splendid Splinter hit .356 with 36 homers and 137 RBIs in 1942. He then sat out three full seasons to serve in the military but didn't miss a beat when he returned in '46, finishing a measly second in the AL in all three categories while winning MVP honors. He then returned to Triple Crown glory the next year, batting .343 with 32 homers and 114 RBIs. In his six seasons between 1941-49, Williams led the league in average four times, homers four times and RBIs three times. 1937 -- Joe Medwick, St. Louis Cardinals (NL): It's now been nearly 80 years since Medwick won the NL's last Triple Crown. The Hall of Fame left fielder set career highs with a .374 average, 31 homers and 154 RBIs, also leading the league in slugging (.641), runs (111), hits (237) and doubles (56). Though his homer total was actually tied for first with the Giants' Mel Ott, Medwick drove in 39 more runs than any other NL player. 1934 -- Lou Gehrig, New York Yankees (AL): A 31-year-old Gehrig won his only batting title, at .363, and also topped the AL with a .465 OBP and .706 slugging. In the power department, his 49 homers tied a career high, while his 166 RBIs marked one of seven seasons in which he eclipsed the 150 mark. Amazingly, the Iron Horse placed only fifth in a close MVP race, including second among Yankees. 1933 -- Jimmie Foxx, Philadelphia Athletics (AL): Foxx was one of two players to grab a Triple Crown this year (more on that below) and earned a second straight MVP award. The Hall of Famer had walloped 58 homers and driven in 169 runs the year before, coming up a batting title short despite a .364 mark. He got the job done in '34 by hitting .356 with 48 homers and 163 RBIs, surpassing Babe Ruth by 14 long balls and Gehrig by 23 RBIs. 1933 -- Chuck Klein, Philadelphia Phillies (NL): Not only did baseball have two Triple Crown winners in '33, but so did the city of Philadelphia. Klein batted a robust .368, and while his 28 homers and 120 RBIs were well short of Foxx's prodigious totals, they were good enough in the NL. Klein also took the league's top spots in OBP (.422), slugging (.602), hits (223) and doubles (44), though he finished second in the MVP race after winning the year before. Amazingly, the Phillies traded him to the Cubs after the season. 1922 and '25 -- Rogers Hornsby, St. Louis Cardinals (NL): The only NL player to take multiple Crowns, Hornsby did so in the midst of an incredible run in St. Louis. From 1920-25, he led the league in average, OBP and slugging every year, batting at least .370 each time and topping .400 on three occasions. His two Crowns coincided with the only home run titles of his career, as Hornsby hit .401 with 42 homers and 152 RBIs in '22 and .403 with 39 bombs and 143 driven home in '25. The latter year, he took the first of his two MVP awards. HOF Bio: Rogers Hornsby Hall of Fame Biography: Rogers Hornsby Rogers Hornsby was a two-time Triple Crown winner and the player-manager of the Cardinals' first World Championship team in 1926 1909 -- Ty Cobb, Detroit Tigers (AL): .377, nine homers, 115 RBIs* 1901 -- Nap Lajoie, Philadelphia Athletics (AL): .422, 14 homers, 125 RBIs* 1894 -- Hugh Duffy, Boston Beaneaters (NL): .438, 18 homers, 145 RBIs* 1878 -- Paul Hines, Providence Grays (NL): .358


"The autobiography of which ""Bond girl"" was called ""Golden Girl""?"

Shirley Eaton - Bond Girl - 2017 Books Click this cover for a preview! Shirley Eaton has published her new book called Shirley Eaton Bond's Golden Girl "Her Reflections". This is a beautiful picture book, covering all of her 29 films with images from those films with her own captions! Starting with her first film aged sixteen "Doctor in the House" to her last in 1969 "The Girl from Rio". It also has fabulous images from the many photo shoots she did, and more photos after the sixties until the present time She will be happy to sign the book with personal dedications. This historic recall is a must for her fans! Its a Gem! If you are interested in ordering Shirley's new book, you can click the PayPal button below. The cost is £35.00 and that includes postage and packaging. An inspirational Art Book featuring her art work, spanning over a life time. A stunning insight into the woman and actress, especially for her ardent fans! If you are interested in ordering Shirley's new art book, you can click the PayPal button below. The cost is £50.00 and that includes postage and packaging. In addition, Shirley will be delighted to personally sign her book. "The nude Art/Photograpy of herself is creative, courageous, original, tasteful, beautiful, alluring, and thought provoking. .Everything that art should be." - from a fan Shirleys Other Books Over the years, other books were published. "Golden Girl" in 1999 and "Shirley Eaton's Golden Touch, An Intimate Diary of Poems" in 2006.


What part of Ecuador is completely surrounded by ocean?

Geography of Ecuador - Learn Information about South America's Ecuador Geography of Ecuador Geography of Ecuador Learn Information about the South American Country of Ecuador The Ecuador Flag has three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms.  Source: CIA World Factbook, 2007 Population: 14,573,101 (July 2010 estimate) Capital: Quito Bordering Countries: Columbia and Peru Land Area: 109,483 square miles (283,561 sq km) Coastline: 1,390 miles (2,237 km) Highest Point: Chimborazo at 20,561 feet (6,267 m) Ecuador is a country located on the west coast of South America between Columbia and Peru. It is known for its position along the Earth's equator and for officially controlling the Galapagos Islands which are about 620 miles (1,000 km) from Ecuador's mainland. Ecuador is also incredibly biodiverse and it has a medium-sized economy. History of Ecuador Ecuador has a long history of settlement by native peoples but by the 15th century it was controlled by the Inca Empire . In 1534 however, the Spanish arrived and took the area from the Inca. Throughout the rest of the 1500's, Spain developed colonies in Ecuador and in 1563, Quito was named as an administrative district of Spain. Beginning in 1809, Ecuadorian natives began to revolt against Spain and in 1822 independence forces beat the Spanish army and Ecuador joined the Republic of Gran Colombia. continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States In 1830 though, Ecuador became a separate republic. In its early years of independence and through the 19th century, Ecuador was unstable politically and it had a number of different rulers. By the late 1800s, Ecuador's economy was beginning to develop as it became an exporter of cocoa and its people began to practice agriculture along the coast. The early 1900s in Ecuador were also unstable politically and in the 1940s it had a short war with Peru that ended in 1942 with the Rio Protocol. According to the U.S. Department of State, the Rio Protocol, led to Ecuador conceding a portion of its land that was in the Amazon area to draw the borders that it currently has today. Ecuador's economy continued to grow after World War II and bananas became a large export. Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Ecuador stabilized politically and was run as a democracy but in 1997 instability returned after Abdala Bucaram (who became president in 1996) was removed from office after claims of corruption. In 1998, Jamil Mahuad was elected president but he was unpopular with the public due to economic problems. On January 21, 2000, a junta took place and Vice President Gustavo Noboa took control. Despite some of Noboa's positive policies, political stability did not return to Ecuador until 2007 with the election of Rafael Correa. In October 2008, a new constitution went into effect and several policies of reform were enacted shortly thereafter. Government of Ecuador Today Ecuador's government is considered a republic. It has an executive branch with a chief of state and a head of government - both of which are filled by the president. Ecuador also has a unicameral National Assembly of 124 seats that makes up its legislative branch and a judicial branch composed of the National Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court. Economics and Land Use in Ecuador Ecuador currently has a medium-sized economy that is based mainly on its petroleum resources and agricultural products. These products include bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, tapioca, plantains, sugarcane, cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products, balsa wood, fish and shrimp. In addition to petroleum, Ecuador's other industrial products include food processing, textiles, wood products and various chemicals manufacturing. Geography, Climate and Biodiversity of Ecuador Ecuador is unique in its geography because it is located on the Earth's equator . Its capital Quito is located only 15 miles (25 km)