"Who wrote the true crime novel ""In Cold Blood""?"

'In Cold Blood' Killers Exhumed, Investigators Hope to Solve 53-Year-Old Cold Case - ABC News 'In Cold Blood' Killers Exhumed, Investigators Hope to Solve 53-Year-Old Cold Case By Alyssa Newcomb WATCH 'In Cold Blood' Killers Bodies' Exhumed in Kansas 0 Shares Email The bodies of the killers who were the basis of Truman Capote's true-crime book "In Cold Blood" were exhumed today in Kansas, as authorities hope to crack a 53-year-old cold case using DNA. After committing the "In Cold Blood" murders of Herbert Clutter, his wife and two children on Nov. 15, 1959, Perry Smith and Richard Hickock hit the road, hiding out from law enforcement in Mexico and Florida, among other places, according to Capote's book and law enforcement accounts. They were ultimately captured in Las Vegas. But it just so happens that Smith and Hickock were near Osprey, Fla., on Dec. 19, 1959, when the Walker family was murdered in their home. The men were briefly investigated in 1960, but were ruled out as suspects after passing lie detector tests. Hickock and Smith were hanged on April 14, 1965 and buried at the Mount Muncie cemetery in Lansing, Kansas. Detective Kim McGath, who has been assigned to the Walker case for the past four years, said she decided to start from the beginning last year in investigating the case, and through her research developed a hunch that Smith and Hickock could be responsible. "Some things started jumping out at me," she told ABCNews.com. By the time they reached Florida, the men were spotted throughout the state looking for odd jobs to make a quick buck, often at mechanics' shops and gas stations, according to Capote's book. It's possible the young family, who had been in the market to purchase a Chevrolet Bel Air, may have crossed paths with Smith and Hickock, who were driving a 1956 model and likely needed money, McGath said. They were spotted several times in the Sarasota area the day of the murders, and after the Walker family was killed, one of the men was seen with a "scratched-up face," McGath said. Physical evidence, long before the emergence of DNA testing, was also left behind, McGath said. Christine Walker had been raped and semen was found in her underwear, she said, and there was a bloody cowboy hat found at the scene. And two suspicious hairs, which were inconsistent with the Walker family, were found in the home. "There was a dark hair found in the bathroom, where baby Debbie was found in the bathtub, and a long blond hair inside the dress of Christine Walker," McGath said. According to Capote's book, Smith recalled reading about the murders in the Miami Herald. "Know what I wouldn't be surprised? If this wasn't done by a lunatic. Some nut that read about what happened out in Kansas," Smith told Hickock while the two were on the beach in Acapulco, in an exchange Capote recounted in his book. The men never confessed to the murders. Mitochondrial DNA may prove otherwise if it can be extracted from the bones of the men. "It's absolutely possible," McGath said. "It depends on all kind of circumstances. The soil conditions, the weather, what type of casket it is in. We will have no idea until we get out there." Fifty-three years after the murders, closure remains just as important to residents of the Osprey. "People really changed the way they lived. They locked everything, were afraid of their neighbors," she said. "There has just been such a great desire for this to be solved because it really affected so many people. It really is a lot more far reaching than a lot of people realize." 0 Shares


What country had massive student and worker protests in May of 1968?

1968, 40 Years Later: Student, Worker Protests Sweep France, Leaving Indelible Mark on the Country and the World | Democracy Now! 1968, 40 Years Later: Student, Worker Protests Sweep France, Leaving Indelible Mark on the Country and the World StoryMay 14, 2008 Professor of Humanities and Sociology at the Wentworth Institute of Technology in Boston. He is the author of numerous books, including The Imagination of the New Left: The Global Analysis of 1968. Links 1968: Forty Years Later May 1968 was a watershed month for France, when a wave of student and worker protests swept the country and changed French society forever. We speak to George Katsiaficas, author of numerous books, including The Imagination of the New Left: The Global Analysis of 1968. [includes rush transcript] TRANSCRIPT This is a rush transcript. Copy may not be in its final form. AMY GOODMAN: We begin today with our latest edition of “1968: Forty Years Later.” May 1968 was a watershed month for France, when a wave of student and worker protests swept the country and changed French society forever. It began when university students in Paris occupied the area of the Sorbonne and Nanterre universities in response to a dispute over visiting rights to a female students’ dormitory. The protests grew into a call for wider university reforms and greater personal freedoms that led to three weeks of mass demonstrations. Hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets to protest heavy-handed police treatment. In a show of solidarity, ten million workers, or roughly two-thirds of the French workforce, went on strike. It marked the biggest general strike in French history. This is one of the 1968 student leaders being questioned at the time at a news conference in Paris. REPORTER: Could you tell us what your purpose is in being here? DANNY COHN-BENDIT: Continue, continue politic [inaudible]. REPORTER: Could you tell us whether you’re for the overthrow of capitalist governments in France, in the United States, in Germany? DANNY COHN-BENDIT: Yes, yes, everywhere. REPORTER: By violent means? DANNY COHN-BENDIT: Not again this question! You have heard what I said to your English confreres. I said that I want overthrow if the capitalist system, to defend its privilege, is taking violence, we will defend us with violence. OK? AMY GOODMAN: The French protests reached such a point that President Charles de Gaulle created a military operations headquarters to deal with the unrest. He dissolved the National Assembly and called for new parliamentary elections. George Katsiaficas is a professor of humanities and sociology at the Wentworth Institute of Technology in Boston. He’s the author of many books, including The Imagination of the New Left: The Global Analysis of 1968. He joins me in our firehouse studio. Welcome to Democracy Now! GEORGE KATSIAFICAS: Thanks for having me on the show, Amy. AMY GOODMAN: Talk about what happened in May 1968 in France. Set the scene. GEORGE KATSIAFICAS: Well, in 1968, there was a global movement against the United States and against capitalism, as well as against the Soviet Union and the Soviet variety of socialism. And the relationships of those movements to each other is, I think, one of the primary reasons that we see France erupt. In fact, in his new year’s address in 1968, de Gaulle said that France, of all countries, was an example of peace and social tranquility. But as you say, by May ’68, it was the biggest strike in the history of France, a wildcat insurrectionary general strike that called for the overthrow of capitalism. Essentially, disciplinary hearings against students who had been trying to be treated as adults and not as children turned into police brutality of an unprecedented level, and students refused to take the violence against them. The student governments in all of France voted to support these students who were being put on disciplinary trials, and the police arrested the student government leaders when they congregated in Paris. The vans — much like the free speech movement in Berkeley, the vans taking away the arr


Who was the first person to go into space?

NASA - Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space   April 12 was already a huge day in space history twenty years before the launch of the first shuttle mission. On that day in 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (left, on the way to the launch pad) became the first human in space, making a 108-minute orbital flight in his Vostok 1 spacecraft. Newspapers like The Huntsville Times (right) trumpeted Gagarin's accomplishment. Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space less than a month later. The first cooperative human space flight project between the United States and the Soviet Union took place in 1975. The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was designed to test the compatibility of rendezvous and docking systems for American and Soviet spacecraft and to open the way for future joint manned flights. Since 1993, the U.S. and Russia have worked together on a number of other space flight projects. The Space Shuttle began visiting the Russian Mir space station in 1994, and in 1995 Norm Thagard became the first U.S. astronaut to take up residency on Mir. Seven U.S. astronauts served with their Russian counterparts aboard the orbiting Mir laboratory from 1995 to 1998. The experience gained from the Mir cooperative effort, as well as lessons learned, paved the way for the International Space Station. In-orbit construction on the Station began in November 1998, and it has been staffed non-stop with international crews since November 2000. The first Station crew, made up of U.S. commander Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev, was launched on board a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. The crew returned to Earth on the Space Shuttle Discovery in March 2001.


What event did Bob Beamon win at the 1968 Summer Olympics?

Bob BEAMON - Olympic Athletics | United States of America Bob BEAMON Games Attended 1968 Robert (Bob) Beamon’s world-record breaking leap in Mexico City was one of the most extraordinary sporting feats in Olympic history. Beamonesque Bob Beamon’s first leap at the 1968 Mexico City Games inspired a new word. “Beamonesque” means an athletic feat so superior to what has come before, it is overwhelming. Last chance Beamon was the pre-tournament favourite but almost went out at the qualifying stage. He overstepped the mark on his first two jumps and with only one left, turned to a team-mate for help. Ralph Boston advised him to take off way before the board. Beamon did so and qualified easily for the final. Off the scale Beamon's first jump of the final was so long that the optical measuring device slid off its rail before reaching Beamon's mark. Using an old-fashioned steel tape, the officials announced the distance as 8.90m. Beamon collapsed, overcome by emotion. Greatest record Until that moment, it had taken 33 years for the long jump world record to progress 22 centimetres, but in one leap, Beamon added another 55 centimetres. This record, although aided by the high altitude of Mexico City, was one of the longest standing in history, lasting another 23 years.


What dance was popularized by Chubby Checker?

Chubby Checker-The Twist - YouTube Chubby Checker-The Twist Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 28, 2011 Chubby Checker (born Ernest Evans; October 3, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter. He also popularized the dance style Twist, with his 1960 hit cover of Hank Ballard's R&B hit "The Twist". In September 2008, "The Twist" topped Billboard's list of the most popular singles to have appeared in the Hot 100 since its debut in 1958 Checker privately recorded a novelty single for Clark in which the singer portrayed a school teacher with an unruly classroom of musical performers. The premise allowed Checker to imitate such acts as Fats Domino, Frankie Avalon and The Chipmunks, each singing "Mary Had a Little Lamb". Clark sent the song out as his Christmas greeting, and it received such good response that Cameo-Parkway signed Checker to a recording contract. Titled "The Class", the single became Checker's first release, charting at #38 in the spring of 1959. Checker introduced his version of "The Twist" in July 1960 on The Clay Cole Show, a local New York City television program broadcast live from Palisades Amusement Park. "The Twist" went on to become the only single to top the Billboard Hot 100 twice, in two separate chart runs. (Bing Crosby's "White Christmas" had done so on Billboard's earlier chart.) "The Twist" had previously peaked at #16 on the Billboard rhythm and blues chart, in the 1959 version recorded by its author, Hank Ballard, whose band The Midnighters first performed the dance on stage. Checker's "Twist", however, was a nationwide smash. The song was so ubiquitous that Checker felt that his critics thought that he could only succeed with dance records typecasting him as a dance artist. Checker later lamented: "...in a way, "The Twist" really ruined my life. I was on my way to becoming a big nightclub performer, and "The Twist" just wiped it out.. It got so out of proportion. No one ever believes I have talent." —Chubby Checker


LSD, Ecstasy, and a Blast of Utopianism: How 1967’s “Summer of Love” All Began | Vanity Fair Twitter Photograph by Jim Marshall/Digital colorization by Lorna Clark/Permission of Jim Marshall L.L.C. FREE FOR ALL The Charlatans perform in Golden Gate Park. In a 25-square-block area of San Francisco, in the summer of 1967, an ecstatic, Dionysian mini-world sprang up like a mushroom, dividing American culture into a Before and After unparalleled since World War II. If you were between 15 and 30 that year, it was almost impossible to resist the lure of that transcendent, peer-driven season of glamour, ecstasy, and Utopianism. It was billed as the Summer of Love, and its creators did not employ a single publicist or craft a media plan. Yet the phenomenon washed over America like a tidal wave, erasing the last dregs of the martini-sipping Mad Men era and ushering in a series of liberations and awakenings that irreversibly changed our way of life. The Summer of Love also thrust a new kind of music—acid rock—across the airwaves, nearly put barbers out of business, traded clothes for costumes, turned psychedelic drugs into sacred door keys, and revived the outdoor gatherings of the Messianic Age, making everyone an acolyte and a priest. It turned sex with strangers into a mode of generosity, made “uptight” an epithet on a par with “racist,” refashioned the notion of earnest Peace Corps idealism into a bacchanalian rhapsody, and set that favorite American adjective, “free,” on a fresh altar. “It was this magical moment … this liberation movement, a time of sharing that was very special,” with “a lot of trust going around,” says Carolyn “Mountain Girl” Garcia, who had a baby with Ken Kesey, the man who helped kick off that season, and who then married Jerry Garcia, the man who epitomized its fruition. “The Summer of Love became the template: the Arab Spring is related to the Summer of Love; Occupy Wall Street is related to the Summer of Love,” says Joe McDonald, the creator and lead singer of Country Joe and the Fish and a boyfriend of one of that summer’s two queens, Janis Joplin. “And it became the new status quo,” he continues. “The Aquarian Age! They all want sex. They all want to have fun. Everyone wants hope. We opened the door, and everybody went through it, and everything changed after that. Sir Edward Cook, the biographer of Florence Nightingale, said that when the success of an idea of past generations is ingrained in the public and taken for granted the source is forgotten.” Well, here is that source, according to the people who lived it. “Old-Timey” Certain places, for unknowable reasons, become socio-cultural petri dishes, and between 1960 and 1964 the area of Northern California extending from San Francisco to Palo Alto was one of them. San Francisco’s official bohemia was North Beach, where the Beats hung out at Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s City Lights bookstore, and where espresso was sipped, jazz was worshipped, and hipsters did not dance. North Beach was not unique, however; it had strong counterparts, for example, in New York’s Greenwich Village, L.A.’s Venice Beach and Sunset Strip, and Cambridge, Massachusetts. What was unique was happening across town, where a group of young artists, musicians, and San Francisco State College students became besotted with the city’s past. “There was a huge romanticism around the idea of the Barbary Coast, about San Francisco as a lawless, vigilante, late-19th-century town,” says Rock Scully, one of those who rented cheap Victorian houses in a run-down neighborhood called Haight-Ashbury. They dressed, he says, “in old, stiff-collared shirts with pins, and riding coats and long jackets.” “Old-timey” became the shibboleth. Guys wore their hair long under Western-style hats, and young people decorated their apartments in old-fashioned castoffs. Scully recalls, “Michael Ferguson [an S.F. State art student] was wearing and living Victoriana in 1963”—a year before the Beatles came to America, and before costuming-as-rebellion existed in England. They were not aping the British. “We were Am


"Who sang ""Happy Birthday, Mr. President""?"

Marilyn Monroe's 'happy birthday Mr President': Secret behind her memorable moment | Daily Mail Online Dazzling: Monroe breathlessly sings Happy Birthday to JFK in 1962 - and the reason for her performance has now been revealed for the first time It is among the most famous and suggestive songs ever sung in public. But now it appears that Marilyn Monroe’s sexy rendition of ‘Happy Birthday Mr President’ had a more mundane reason why it was so provocative - she was out of breath. The film icon apparently got lost while heading toward the stage at Madison Square Garden in New York in 1962 to sing for John F Kennedy. As she ran around trying to find the right door she ran out of breath - so was unable to sing properly - as she got to the stage so late. Instead Monroe’s version of ‘Happy Birthday’ came across as rather more sensual than she may have intended, earning it an unintended place in history. Interest in the actress has been reinvigorated by the film ‘My week with Marilyn’, starring Michelle Williams, which is due out in the UK today. But the surprising disclosure was made by American actress Joan Copeland, 89, who was there on the night. Miss Copeland, the younger sister of playwright Arthur Miller, Monroe’s former husband, said that the actress was so late to go on stage that night that she missed her cue. Watching her ‘running around trying to find a door’, she noticed that Monroe was out of breath and anxious. Rat Pack singer Peter Lawford announced her entrance but when she did not emerge he joked that she was the ‘late Marilyn Monroe’. Upon finally coming on stage, Monroe stunned the audience with her backless flesh coloured gown with 2,500 rhinestones sewn into it. Scroll down for video Icon: Michelle Williams, left, is starring in a new film about Monroe, which is due out in cinemas today The Jean Louis dress was apparently so tight that it had to be sewn on to her naked body - yet it was the rendition of the song which caused all the attention. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share Her performance was given an extra charge because of rumours of an affair between herself and Kennedy, which have been picked over by fans of both ever since. When Monroe had finished singing Kennedy came on stage and, in reference to the highly suggestive performance, said: ‘I can now retire from politics after having had Happy Birthday sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way’. Chat: Monroe, wearing her famous dress, speaks with John F Kennedy following the rendition of Happy Birthday The event, which was not attended by the President’s wife Jackie Kennedy, took place on May 19 1962 to mark his 45th birthday, which fell ten days later. The following November he was was gunned down by Lee Harvey Oswald. The dress worn by Monroe, who died in 1962 at the age of 36, has since become as famous as the song itself. In 1999 it went up for auction in New York and sold for $1.26 million, a record for a gown worn by her at the time.


What British actor did Elizabeth Taylor marry?

Elizabeth Taylor - Biography - IMDb Elizabeth Taylor Biography Showing all 204 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (8) | Trade Mark  (4) | Trivia  (116) | Personal Quotes  (45) | Salary  (25) Overview (5) 5' 2" (1.57 m) Mini Bio (1) Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor was considered one of the last, if not the last, major star to have come out of the old Hollywood studio system. She was known internationally for her beauty, especially for her violet eyes, with which she captured audiences early on in her youth and kept the world hooked on with since. Taylor was born on February 27, 1932 in London, England. Although she was born an English subject, her parents, Sara Sothern (née Sara Viola Warmbrodt) and Francis Lenn Taylor, were Americans, art dealers from St. Louis, Missouri (her father had gone to London to set up a gallery). Her mother had been an actress on the stage, but gave up that vocation when she married. Elizabeth lived in London until the age of seven, when the family left for the US when the clouds of war began brewing in Europe in 1939. They sailed without her father, who stayed behind to wrap up the loose ends of the art business. The family relocated to Los Angeles, where Mrs. Taylor's own family had moved. Mr. Taylor followed not long afterward. A family friend noticed the strikingly beautiful little Elizabeth and suggested that she be taken for a screen test. Her test impressed executives at Universal Pictures enough to sign her to a contract. Her first foray onto the screen was in There's One Born Every Minute (1942), released when she was ten. Universal dropped her contract after that one film, but Elizabeth was soon picked up by MGM. The first production she made with that studio was Lassie Come Home (1943), and on the strength of that one film, MGM signed her for a full year. She had minuscule parts in her next two films, The White Cliffs of Dover (1944) and Jane Eyre (1943) (the former made while she was on loan to 20th Century-Fox). Then came the picture that made Elizabeth a star: MGM's National Velvet (1944). She played Velvet Brown opposite Mickey Rooney . The film was a smash hit, grossing over $4 million. Elizabeth now had a long-term contract with MGM and was its top child star. She made no films in 1945, but returned in 1946 in Courage of Lassie (1946), another success. In 1947, when she was 15, she starred in Life with Father (1947) with such heavyweights as William Powell , Irene Dunne and Zasu Pitts , which was one of the biggest box office hits of the year. She also co-starred in the ensemble film Little Women (1949), which was also a box office huge success. Throughout the 1950s, Elizabeth appeared in film after film with mostly good results, starting with her role in the George Stevens film A Place in the Sun (1951), co-starring her good friend Montgomery Clift . The following year, she co-starred in Ivanhoe (1952), one of the biggest box office hits of the year. Her busiest year was 1954. She had a supporting role in the box office flop Beau Brummell (1954), but later that year starred in the hits The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954) and Elephant Walk (1954). She was 22 now, and even at that young age was considered one of the world's great beauties. In 1955 she appeared in the hit Giant (1956) with James Dean . Sadly, Dean never saw the release of the film, as he died in a car accident in 1955. The next year saw Elizabeth co-star with Montgomery Clift in Raintree County (1957), an overblown epic made, partially, in Kentucky. Critics called it dry as dust. In addition, Clift was seriously injured during the film, with Taylor helping save his life. Despite the film's shortcomings and off-camera tragedy, Elizabeth was nominated for an Academy Award for her portrayal of Southern belle Susanna Drake. However, on Oscar night the honor went to Joanne Woodward for The Three Faces of Eve (1957). In 1958 Elizabeth starred as Maggie Pollitt in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958). The film received rave reviews from the critics and Elizabeth was nominated again for an Academy Award for best actre


What musical had a notorious nude scene?

The Five Nastiest, Most Explicit Sex Scenes in Rap History | Genius Blog The Five Nastiest, Most Explicit Sex Scenes in Rap History WARNING: THIS POST CONTAINS SEXUALLY EXPLICIT AUDIO USE HEADPHONES IF ANYONE ELSE IS AROUND DO NOT SHARE WITH YOUR NEIGHBOR’S 6-YEAR OLD DAUGHTER, EVEN IF SHE LOVES RAP Rappers love to fuck. It’s an unassailable truth. Sometimes, this truth leads to beauty – witness the greatness that is the Notorious B.I.G.’s “One More Chance” , one of the most masterful “fuck songs” ever. Other times it leads to disaster, like when a rapper decides to record a sexual skit on an album. These “sex scenes” are almost all irredeemably repugnant: they’re vile, they’re misogynistic, and they shuffle their way onto your iPod when you’re in church, or visiting grandma…just when they are least appropriate! But which sex scenes are the grossest of all time? How can we know for sure if we keep skipping them? In order to settle the debate once and for all, Rap Genius has come up with a carefully weighted scoring system. Lest there be any confusion as to why a certain scene has received a certain score, here’s a brief explanation of each category: Wetness [1-20] Wetness is perhaps the most crucial element of a sex scene’s explicitness. It’s not unusual these days to turn on the TV and hear women moaning in ecstasy or beds straining under the weight of two enthusiastic lovers. But there’s something undeniably filthy about hearing mouth slurps or a wet vagina being penetrated. I’m not saying this is right or wrong. Depravity of Sex Acts Depicted [1-20] Points awarded for violence and sexual creativity. Male Sex Sounds [1-10] I think everyone can agree – male and female, gay and straight – that women make much prettier noises between the sheets than men do. Embarrassment Quotient [1-10] How mortified would you be if your neighbors heard the scene in question coming from your apartment? Physical Attractiveness of Participants [1-5] I’d rather watch a porno starring Peter North than Ron Jeremy , but it’s not my first consideration when choosing where to click. That’s why this category is worth only 5 points. It matters (no homo)…but just a little. Trail of Tearsishness [1-10] For the love of God, how long is this thing going to last? Each scene receives 1 point for every 10 seconds we’re forced to suffer through it. Orgasm Bonus [5 points per nutt] Orgasms are racy! Each “nutt” that gets “busted” nets a scene 5 bonus points. Now that we’ve dispensed with the requisite pleasantries, let us plumb the darkest depths of hip-hop’s horny horrors. I present to you, intrepid sexologue: #The 5 Nastiest, Most Explicit Sex Scenes in the History of Hip Hop 5. Last :44 of "[Respect](http://rapgenius.com/lyrics/The-notorious-b-i-g/Respect)" by Notorious B.I.G. Synopsis Biggie wants a young woman to give him a blow job. She insists that she “doesn’t do that sort of thing” (SUUUUURE). Despite her initial protestations, Biggie manages to convince her to nibble on the chubby. We then listen uncomfortably as she fellates him for a short spell before the slurping blends seamlessly into the next track (“Friend of Mine”). Wetness: 18/20 Despite the fact that the skit is basically all blowjob sounds, the slurping here is surprisingly dry. Still, the skit is basically all blowjob sounds. Depravity: 5/20 Although some may find oral sex too decadent, girl-on-guy blowjob is pretty much as standard as it gets. That said, it is premarital (ew!). Male Sex Sounds: 6/10 Biggie moans and grunts approvingly like he’s eating a some wings or something. Embarrassment Quotient: 3/10 I wouldn’t want my neighbors to hear this blasting out of my apartment, but if they only caught a faint hint of it, it could just be me and a girl from JDate… Physical Attractiveness of Participants: 5/5 “Heart throb? Never. Black and ugly as ever” Trail of Tearsishness: 4 45 seconds of a fat man with a lazy eye coaxing a sloppy blowjob out of his lady friend. Orgasm Bonus: O Surprisingly, neither Biggie nor his conquest gets a “nutt” (PYONG!) TOTAL: 41 pts 4. "Pause 4 Porno" by Dr


What doll was introduced as Barbie's boyfriend?

Barbie Timeline 1960s 1961: First introduced at the American International Toy Fair as Barbie doll’s boyfriend on March 11, 1961 Ken doll was 12 inches tall, had “molded” plastic hair (blond and brunette) and came dressed in red bathing suit trunks with a yellow towel and sandals. 1970s 1973: Moving from his plastic molded hair to a more “natural” style, Mod Hair Ken doll introduced his first ever rooted hair style. The doll came with either straight or curly hair as well as additional facial hair pieces including a mustache, beard and/or sideburns. 1978: A true reflection of the decade, Ken stepped out in one of his iconic looks as Superstar Ken sporting an electric blue belted jumpsuit. 1979: Now iconic to the surf lifestyle, Sun Lovin Malibu Ken doll was introduced with a golden tan, his trademark molded blond hair and turquoise swim trunks. 1980s 1982: Sunsational Malibu Ken doll, the first African American Ken doll is introduced with a rooted Afro hairstyle. 1984: Dream Date Ken (shown here) was the perfect arm candy for Barbie.  Sporting a sleek black jacket and bow tie, grey pants, pink cummerbund and rose, Dream Date Ken was primped and ready for a night out with his favorite doll. 1990s 1992: Celebrating the various hair fads of the ‘90s, Totally Hair Ken sported a new rooted hairstyle, a retro ‘70s look and came packaged with a tube of styling gel. 1994: Ken took a page from the number one TV show of the decade, “Baywatch”, and hit the waves wearing his own red beach trunks. 1999: Move over Brad.  The newest heartthrob of the ‘90s is on the scene.  A reflection of the scruffy modern ‘90s man, Shave ‘n Style Ken doll stayed cool and comfortable in blue jeans and a white tee. 2000s 2004: America’s sweethearts call it quits. Ken and Barbie announce they are “parting ways.” 2006: After months of silence and introspection, Ken announced to the world that he wants Barbie back, stepping out with a new look hoping to rekindle their fleeting romance. 2009: Ken came to life during New York Fashion Week to help Barbie celebrate her 50th anniversary in style. The duo made their first appearance together in years on the runway at her first New York Fashion Week show. 2010s 2010: Ken (and Barbie) solidifies his place in the entertainment and fashion worlds by making more than 50 wardrobe changes in the big screen release of Toy Story 3.  Ken also appeared at New York City's Fashion’s Night Out in September. 2011: After seven years apart, Ken and Barbie rekindled their epic romance on the most romantic day of the year, Valentine’s Day, making Ken Barbie’s boyfriend once again. 2012: Proving their love was meant to be Ken and Barbie are still dating and couldn’t be happier. The iconic couple is ready to give the world a glimpse into their blissful lives in Malibu with the new animated reality web series  “Barbie Life in the DreamHouse” which will air online this summer.


Letter Puts End to Persistent 'Mockingbird' Rumor : NPR Letter Puts End to Persistent 'Mockingbird' Rumor Embed Embed Letter Puts End to Persistent 'Mockingbird' Rumor Letter Puts End to Persistent 'Mockingbird' Rumor Embed Embed March 3, 20064:00 PM ET Melissa Block New evidence may end the decades-old speculation that Truman Capote — not Harper Lee — wrote the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. Dr. Wayne Flynt, retired professor of history from Auburn University discusses the basis for the persistent rumor and explains why it is indeed false. MELISSA BLOCK, Host: From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Melissa Block. In the decades since Harper Lee published TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD in 1960, her novel has been shadowed by a persistent rumor. The speculation has been that Lee's long time friend Truman Capote either wrote or heavily edited the book, which would go on to be a bestseller and win the Pulitzer Prize. Well, now a letter from Truman Capote to his aunt, dated July 9, 1959, should help put that rumor to rest. Joining us to talk about it is Wayne Flynt. He is a retired history professor at Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama. And he has researched the writings of both Harper Lee and Truman Capote. Welcome. WAYNE FLYNT: Thank you. BLOCK: Let's talk first about this letter from Truman Capote. It's now been made public. It was, as I understand it, given to a museum from a cousin of Mr. Capote. What does it say and how does it help quash this rumor? FLYNT: Essentially, it says that a year before the novel was published in July of 1960, that Capote had seen the novel, had read much of the book, and liked it very much, and commented that she has great talent. And nowhere in the letter does he claim any involvement whatsoever in the book. BLOCK: And by saying that he's seen it would appear to put some distance at least with it? FLYNT: That's correct. That's correct. BLOCK: How did this rumor get started in the first place? FLYNT: Well, some claim Pearl Belle, who is a literary critic and editor in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has actually claimed that Capote implied to her that he had written the book or had a good deal to do with the writing of the book. I think probably the rumor results from the fact that TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD is the only published book that Harper Lee ever did. BLOCK: Yeah, that that would fuel it. In other words, she was one and done, and if she were such a great writer, why wouldn't she keep writing great books? FLYNT: Exactly. Which basically judges her by the standards of our own culture, which is once you've got a taste of fame and fortune, why in the world wouldn't you continue it? BLOCK: If you look closely at TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD and the writing of Truman Capote, do you see anyway that Truman Capote could have written TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD? FLYNT: No. The voice of the characters in TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD is a totally different literary voice. Some have claimed that he's so brilliant that he could have simply assumed the voice of his good friend Harper Lee. I don't believe that for a minute. Writers simply don't assume another voice, another persona, another kind of literary style. Hers is very much the same style as her writing in the Crimson White eight years before this book is published. BLOCK: Wayne Flynt, have you met Harper Lee yourself? FLYNT: Yes. BLOCK: And you've talked to her about this? FLYNT: Yes. BLOCK: Can you tell us anything that she might have told you, without violating the confidence? FLYNT: Not really, because she's such a private person. And I think to ask her the question would be to do the very thing that so many people have done, which is to interrupt her privacy. And I think that she understands this as part of hype that goes along with the mythology of Truman Capote and Harper Lee. They're both a part of mythology. BLOCK: Do you really think this letter from Truman Capote alluding to a book from Harper Lee that he has seen and that he thinks is quite good, do you think that will actually kill the rumor that he actually wrote the book? FLYNT: I think it will go alon


Who was the only black member of the Rat Pack?

The Rat Pack - All five members of the Rat Pack, from left, Peter ... - Las Vegas Sun News Next » Las Vegas News Bureau All five members of the Rat Pack, from left, Peter Lawford, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr. and Joey Bishop, perform at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas, Jan. 20, 1960. Their gigs were often improvised and when one member of the Rat Pack was scheduled to give a performance, other members would show up for an impromptu show.


What model of American spy plane flew over Russia?

American U-2 spy plane shot down - May 01, 1960 - HISTORY.com American U-2 spy plane shot down Share this: American U-2 spy plane shot down Author American U-2 spy plane shot down URL Publisher A+E Networks An American U-2 spy plane is shot down while conducting espionage over the Soviet Union. The incident derailed an important summit meeting between President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev that was scheduled for later that month. The U-2 spy plane was the brainchild of the Central Intelligence Agency, and it was a sophisticated technological marvel. Traveling at altitudes of up to 70,000 feet, the aircraft was equipped with state-of-the-art photography equipment that could, the CIA boasted, take high-resolution pictures of headlines in Russian newspapers as it flew overhead. Flights over the Soviet Union began in mid-1956. The CIA assured President Eisenhower that the Soviets did not possess anti-aircraft weapons sophisticated enough to shoot down the high-altitude planes. On May 1, 1960, a U-2 flight piloted by Francis Gary Powers disappeared while on a flight over Russia. The CIA reassured the president that, even if the plane had been shot down, it was equipped with self-destruct mechanisms that would render any wreckage unrecognizable and the pilot was instructed to kill himself in such a situation. Based on this information, the U.S. government issued a cover statement indicating that a weather plane had veered off course and supposedly crashed somewhere in the Soviet Union. With no small degree of pleasure, Khrushchev pulled off one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War by producing not only the mostly-intact wreckage of the U-2, but also the captured pilot-very much alive. A chagrined Eisenhower had to publicly admit that it was indeed a U.S. spy plane. On May 16, a major summit between the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France began in Paris. Issues to be discussed included the status of Berlin and nuclear arms control. As the meeting opened, Khrushchev launched into a tirade against the United States and Eisenhower and then stormed out of the summit. The meeting collapsed immediately and the summit was called off. Eisenhower considered the “stupid U-2 mess” one of the worst debacles of his presidency. The pilot, Francis Gary Powers, was released in 1962 in exchange for a captured Soviet spy. Related Videos


On what magazine's cover did Alfred E. Neuman frequently appear?

Alfred E. Neuman - iSnare Free Encyclopedia Alfred E. Neuman For other uses, see Alfred Neumann (disambiguation) and Alfred Newman (disambiguation) . Neuman on Mad 30 Alfred E. Neuman is the fictitious mascot and cover boy of Mad , an American humor magazine. The face had drifted through U.S. iconography for decades before being claimed by Mad editor Harvey Kurtzman , and later named by the magazine's second editor Al Feldstein . He appeared occasionally in the early seasons of MADtv during sketches and interstitials and briefly appeared in the animated TV series Mad . Contents 5 External links History Since his debut in Mad, Neuman's likeness has appeared on the cover of all but a handful of the magazine's 500 issues, distinguished by jug ears , a missing front tooth, and one eye lower than the other. His face is rarely seen in profile; he has virtually always been shown in front view, directly from behind, or in silhouette. Harvey Kurtzman first spotted the image on a postcard pinned to the office bulletin board of Ballantine Books editor Bernard Shir-Cliff . "It was a face that didn't have a care in the world, except mischief," recalled Kurtzman. Shir-Cliff was later a contributor to various magazines created by Kurtzman. [1] In November 1954, Neuman made his Mad debut on the front cover of Ballantine's The Mad Reader, a paperback collection of reprints from the first two years of Mad. The character's first appearance in the comic book was on the cover of Mad #21 (March 1955), in a tiny image as part of a mock advertisement. A rubber mask bearing his likeness with "idiot" written underneath was offered for $1.29. First cover appearance of Neuman, on Mad#21 (third from viewer's left of the six faces approx. 40% down the viewer's-right side) Mad switched to a magazine format starting with issue #24, and Neuman's face appeared in the top, central position of the illustrated border used on the covers, with his now-familiar signature phrase "What, me worry?" written underneath. Initially, the phrase was rendered "What? Me worry?" These borders were used for five more issues, through Mad #30 (December 1956). The character was also shown on page 9 of Mad #24 as "Melvin Coznowski" and on page 65 as "Melvin Sturdley". In later issues he appeared as "Melvin Cowsnofsky" or "Mel Haney". In Mad #25, the face and name were shown together on separate pages as both Neuman and Mel Haney. The crowded cover shot on Mad #27 marked Neuman's first color appearance. When Al Feldstein took over as Mad's editor in 1956, he seized upon the face: I decided that I wanted to have this visual logo as the image of Mad, the same way that corporations had the Jolly Green Giant and the dog [2] barking at the gramophone for RCA . This kid was the perfect example of what I wanted. So I put an ad in the New York Times that said, "National magazine wants portrait artist for special project". In walked this little old guy in his sixties named Norman Mingo , and he said, "What national magazine is this?" I said “Mad,” and he said, "Goodbye." I told him to wait, and I dragged out all these examples and postcards of this idiot kid, and I said, "I want a definitive portrait of this kid. I don't want him to look like an idiot—I want him to be loveable and have an intelligence behind his eyes. But I want him to have this devil-may-care attitude, someone who can maintain a sense of humor while the world is collapsing around him." I adapted and used that portrait, and that was the beginning. Mingo's defining portrait was used on the cover of Mad #30 in late 1956 as a supposed write-in candidate for the Presidency, and fixed his identity and appearance into the version that has been used ever since. In November 2008, Mingo's original cover art featuring this first official portrait of Neuman sold at auction for $203,150. Mingo painted seven more Neuman covers through 1957, and later returned to become the magazine's signature cover artist throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Mingo produced 97 Mad covers in total, and also illustrated dozens of additional cover images fo


What did Nikita Khrushchev bang against his desk at a meeting of the United Nations?

Khrushchev at the United Nations, September 1960   What Allegedly Occurred A pretty standard account of what allegedly occurred at the United Nations can be found in in wikipedia : The notorious shoe-banging incident occurred during a debate, on October 12 [1960], over a Russian resolution decrying colonialism.  Khrushchev was infuriated by a statement from the rostrum by Lorenzo Sumulong which charged the Soviets with employing a double standard, pointing to their domination of Eastern Europe as an example of the very type of colonialism their resolution criticized.  According to newspaper reports, published the following day, Mr. Khrushchev thereupon pulled off his right shoe, stood up, brandishing it at the Philippine delegate on the other side of the hall and began to furiously bang the shoe on his desk.  The enraged Khrushchev accused Mr. Sumulong of being "Холуй и ставлeнник импeриализма" (kholyi i stavlennik imperializma), which was translated as "a jerk, a stooge and a lackey of imperialism".  The Premier alternately shouted, waved a brawny right arm, shook his finger and removed his shoe a second time.  The second shoe incident occurred during a speech by Francis O. Wilcox , an Assistant U.S. Secretary of State.  The chaotic scene finally ended when General Assembly President Frederick Boland broke his gavel calling the meeting to order, but not before the image of Khrushchev as a hotheaded buffoon was indelibly etched into the collective memory of the international community.  Another observer said that while Khrushchev was banging a shoe on the table, he had shoes on both feet, which would imply that he had brought a third shoe for the gesture: in other words, the incident was staged and was planned in advance.     Images Doing a quick search for an image of Khrushchev at the UN in 1960 does yield a few pictures:     Sergei Khrushchev Explains Sergei Khrushchev, Senior Fellow of The Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University, author of The Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev and other books and son of Nikita Khrushchev, spoke about the impact of the launch of Sputnik (4 October 1957) on events during the Cold War at the Loudoun campus of Northern Virginia Community College on 2 October 2007.  During the question-and-answer section of the program, Sergei Khrushchev responded to a question from the audience about this very shoe banging incident.   Listen to Sergei Khrushchev (Flash movie, approx 6.3M) © 2007, C.T. Evans and S. Khrushchev     Some other references Nina Khrushcheva, Khrushchev's granddaughter, has written about this incident, The Case of Khrushchev's Shoe" (New Statesman, 2 October 2000). As has William Taubman, "Did He Bang It?: Nikita Khrushchev and the Shoe (International Herald Tribune, 26 July 2003) Stephen Boykewitch, also addressed the incident in the Moscow Times (14 September 2005), Khrushchev Forever Etched in UN Memory . There is also an interview on Johnson's Russia list, Johnson's Russia List, ed. Stephen D. Shenfield, Did He Bang His Shoe? which also refutes that Khrushchev actually banged his shoe.


What couple stayed in bed for an entire week, for peace?

BED PEACE starring John Lennon & Yoko Ono - YouTube BED PEACE starring John Lennon & Yoko Ono Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jun 22, 2012 ↓ Read the MESSAGE FROM YOKO ONO ↓ Dear Friends, In 1969, John and I were so naïve to think that doing the Bed-In would help change the world. Well, it might have. But at the time, we didn't know. It was good that we filmed it, though. The film is powerful now. What we said then could have been said now. In fact, there are things that we said then in the film, which may give some encouragement and inspiration to the activists of today. Good luck to us all. Let's remember WAR IS OVER If We Want It. It's up to us, and nobody else. John would have wanted to say that. Love, yoko Find out more at http://imaginepeace.com/archives/15702 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ABOUT BED PEACE 1969 was the year that John & Yoko intensified their long running campaign for World Peace. They approached the task with the same entrepreneurial expertise as an advertising agency selling a brand of soap powder to the masses. John & Yoko's product however was PEACE, not soft soap, and they were determined to use any slogan, event and gimmick in order to persuade the World to buy it. BED PEACE (directed by Yoko & John and filmed by Nic Knowland) is a document of the Montreal events from 26-31 March 2013, and features John & Yoko in conversation with, amongst others, The World Press, satirist Al Capp, activist Dick Gregory, comedian Tommy Smothers, protesters at Berkeley's People's Park, Rabbi Abraham L. Feinberg, quiltmaker Christine Kemp, psychologists Timothy Leary & Rosemary Leary, CFOX DJs Charles P. Rodney Chandler & Roger Scott, producer André Perry, journalist Ritchie York, DJ & Promoter Murray The K, filmmaker Jonas Mekas, publicist Derek Taylor & personal assistant Anthony Fawcett. Featured songs are Plastic Ono Band's GIVE PEACE A CHANCE & INSTANT KARMA, Yoko's REMEMBER LOVE & WHO HAS SEEN THE WIND & John's acoustic version of BECAUSE. "As we said before: WAR IS OVER! (If You Want It)" - yoko ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Directed by Yoko Ono & John Lennon Starring John Lennon & Yoko Ono FILMMAKERS


What was hosted by Seattle in 1962, New York City in 1964, and Montreal in 1967?

Century 21 -- The 1962 Seattle World's Fair, Part 1 - HistoryLink.org Century 21 -- The 1962 Seattle World's Fair, Part 1 By Alan J. Stein Tweet The 1962 Seattle World’s Fair, otherwise known as Century 21, gave visitors a glimpse of the future and left Seattle with a lasting legacy. The exposition gave Seattle world-wide recognition, effectively “putting it on the map.” Years of planning went into the fair through the hard work of visionaries, go-getters, civic boosters, and dreamers. Many of the concepts and icons of Century 21 remain ingrained in Seattle culture, even as the “real” 21st Century begins. Seattle’s First World’s Fair The 1962 Seattle World’s Fair had its beginnings in an earlier fair that was held on the University of Washington campus. In 1909, the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition (A-Y-P) commemorated the first shipment of Klondike gold through Seattle in 1897. The A-Y-P, with its exhibits, rides, food, and fun attracted more than 3.5 million visitors from around the world, giving Seattle much-needed prominence and attention as a leader in Pacific trade. One of the attendees at the fair was 14-year-old Al Rochester, whose family lived near Volunteer Park on Capitol Hill. Young Rochester operated a bread-slicer at a tearoom run by his Sunday School teacher. The concession stand went broke within a week, but this left Al with an employee’s pass that got him into the Expo for free. Every day of the fair, he showed up at the gates, flashed his pass, and had free rein to roam the fairgrounds. The wonders of the exposition left a lasting memory in his mind. Al Remembers By 1955, Al Rochester (1895-1989) had come of age and was now a Seattle City councilman. Remembering the successes and joys of the A-Y-P, he began bandying about the idea of a second World’s Fair to commemorate the first, but was met with mixed response. One day, at an informal luncheon at the Washington Athletic Club, Don Follett, executive vice-president of the Chamber of Commerce, took an interest in Al’s idea. Also at the luncheon were Denny Givens, the chamber’s director of public affairs, and Ross Cunningham, an editor of The Seattle Times. They too expressed an interest. Buoyed by this support, Rochester began to follow through in earnest. Within a short time, a memorial was drafted that asked the state legislature to consider supporting a new world’s fair that would celebrate the 50th anniversary of the A-Y-P. Before Al knew it, a bill was drafted in Olympia calling for $5,000 to form a World’s Fair Commission. From there, things steamrolled. Enter Eddie Carlson The original World’s Fair Commission empanelled in 1955 with State Senators Willam Goodloe and Andrew Winberg, State Representatives Ray Olsen and Donald McDermott, and community leaders Eddie Carlson, Paul Sceva, and Alfred Williams. The commission was expanded to 15 members in 1961 and included Lt. Governor John Cherberg; former U.S. Senator Clarence C. Dill (1884-1978; State Senators Howard Bargreen, Herbert H. Freise, Michael J. Gallagher, and Reuben A. Knoblauch; State Representatives Audley F. Mahaffey, Ray Olsen, Leonard A. Sawyer, and Jeanette Testu; Seattle City Councilman (and future mayor) Dorm Braman (1901-1980), and business and community leaders Paul S. Friedlander, H. Dewayne Kraeger, and Victor Rosellini (1915-2003). Al Rochester served as executive director and Western Hotels vice president Eddie Carlson (1911-1990) served as chairman. Carlson, well known for 7 a.m. “businessman’s working breakfasts,” could best be described as a go-getter, a doer, a mover, and a shaker. He would bring these traits and more to the table (Duncan, pp. 21 and 40). With 1959 (the 50th anniversary of the A-Y-P) too near, the commission pushed the fair date out a few years. The 1909 A-Y-P itself had been delayed for two years (the 10th anniversary of the Klondike Gold Rush was actually in 1907), giving the commission a bit of historical precedent. Besides, a few more years would allow them to plan the event better. To begin with, they needed to choose a site for the fairgrounds. Early


Who was the President of France for most of the decade?

Charles de Gaulle Biography (President of France/World War II Figure) Died: 9 November 1970 (aneurysm) Birthplace: Lille, France Best known as: President of France, 1958-69 Charles de Gaulle was the dominant political leader and grand figurehead of France during and after World War II. De Gaulle was a career soldier in the French Army who had been wounded and held prisoner during World War I. He rose to the rank of general and was serving as France's minister for National Defense and War in June, 1940, when France capitulated to Germany early in World War II. Charles DeGaulle escaped to Britain, where he made a famous broadcast calling on the French people to resist (earning him the nickname of the "Man of June 18, 1940"). DeGaulle formed the Free French forces and led the provisional government that ruled France after it was retaken from Germany. After the war he was elected head of the French government, but left the post in 1946 and formed a new political party, the Rassemblement du Peuple Francais (Rally of the People of France, or RPF). Charles DeGaulle was in and out of politics until 1958, when he was called to form a government amid political chaos in France. He oversaw the constitutional reforms that led to the Fifth Republic of France, and became the first president of the new Republic in 1959. Proud, stubborn, and charismatic, he insisted on France's right to pursue an independent path from both Europe and the United States. He also settled France's difficult relations with its Algerian territory by granting self-determination to Algeria. He served as president for just over a decade until stepping down in April of 1969. He died the next year at age 79. Copyright © 1998-2017  by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.


What country replaced a shah with an ayatollah?

Iran: from Shah to Ayatollah | Socialist Review Iran: from Shah to Ayatollah Issue section:  Naz Massoumi With the failure of the "war on terror" has come an emboldened, increasingly influential Iran. But as world leaders look for ways to exert their authority on the country, Naz Massoumi looks at Iran's revolutionary history and its repeated rejection of imperialism. "Iran, because of the great leadership of the Shah, is an island of stability in one of the more troubled areas of the world," said US President Jimmy Carter on his New Year's Eve state visit to Iran in 1977. He spoke too soon. Just a week later the Shah's police shot and killed dozens of theology students as they protested in the religious city of Qom against a scurrilous attack on Ayatollah Khomeini in a pro-government newspaper. One year later, on 16 January 1979, following months of demonstrations and a general strike, the Shah was forced to leave Iran. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 came as a surprise not just to the US ruling class but to nearly all foreign observers. How had Mohammad Reza Shah - the megalomaniac monarch who had ruled Iran with an iron fist for nearly three decades - been toppled so quickly? How had this powerful insurrection, involving tens of millions of people, been led by a frail 76 year old Shia cleric? There is no doubt that the modern history of the Middle East would be very different had it not been for its abundance of oil. In 1908 Iran was the first country in the Middle East where oil was discovered. As Britain switched from coal to oil to fuel its battleships, intervention came in form of the Anglo-Iranian oil company. Iran received a mere £105 million of the profits in comparison to Britain's massive £700 to £800 million share. The consequence, following a popular nationalist movement, was the election of the liberal nationalist Mohammad Mossadegh as prime minister and the nationalisation of Iranian oil in 1951. Outraged by its imperial castration, the British government immediately organised an international oil boycott before looking to the US who had replaced them as the post-war regional imperialist power. Their answer was a CIA-masterminded coup headed by Kermit Roosevelt who, arriving in Iran with suitcases stuffed with cash, toppled the popular Mossadegh from power in August 1953, reinstating the young Shah to his Peacock Throne. Ironically, Mohammad Reza Shah used Iran's increased share of oil profits achieved by the nationalist movement (from 16 percent to 50 percent) to continue a programme of state-driven industrialisation. This process did little for the majority of Iranians. In 1960, 80 percent of Iranians were illiterate and only 1 percent had access to a medical facility. Worried by the fragility of his claim to power and frightened by rising political unrest, the Shah suppressed all political dissent and built a massive military machine, increasing his armed forces from 120,000 to around 400,000 by the time of the revolution. Inequality and military rule were underlined by massive contradictions. Alongside new factories, forms of production existed not changed for centuries. Encircling cities, where the elite embarked on one-day shopping trips to Paris, shanty towns grew. But this process of uneven capitalist development brought into existence an indigenous bourgeoisie and a modern working class. And this came into increasingly sharp conflict with the Shah's autocratic form of rule. By the mid-1970s opposition was coming from all sections of society - women, national minorities, the clergy, the urban poor, the bazaar (merchant capitalists), intelligentsia, students and the young. A successful uprising by shantytown dwellers to save their housing from being bulldozed in the summer of 1977 ignited a confidence in the poor and working class that precipitated new protests. The Shah's response was to increase repression. On "Black Friday", 8 September 1978, the Shah's troops armed with tanks and helicopter gunships shot live rounds at protesters in Tehran's Jaleh Square. Some 1,600 died, unaware they were viola


"What Asian city hosted a ""thriller"" between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier?"

Thrilla in Manila (2018) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Thrilla in Manila was the third and final boxing match between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier. It was contested in 1975 for the heavyweight championship of the world at the Philippine ... See full summary  » Director: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 99 titles created 05 Dec 2013 a list of 40 titles created 02 Sep 2015 a list of 61 titles created 30 Nov 2015 a list of 70 titles created 3 months ago a list of 24 titles created 2 weeks ago Status: Pre-production | See complete list of in-production titles  » Updated: 6 December 2016 More Info: See more production information about this title on IMDbPro . Photos Add Image Add an image Do you have any images for this title? Edit Storyline The Thrilla in Manila was the third and final boxing match between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier. It was contested in 1975 for the heavyweight championship of the world at the Philippine Coliseum in Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines, on Wednesday, October 1. The venue was renamed from Araneta Coliseum, specifically for the match. Ali won by technical knockout (TKO) after Frazier's chief second, Eddie Futch, conceded the fight prior to the 15th round. Written by Neil Anderson


What paddle-based game was the first commercially successful video game?

Pong: First Successful Video Game | The Story of Information The Story of Information Posted on November 29, 2011 by GilPress Today in 1972, Atari co-founders Nolan Bushnell and Al Alcorn demonstrated the first stand-alone Pong coin-operated arcade unit into Andy Cappa’s Tavern in Sunnyvale, California. Pong, a simulated table tennis game, will go on to be the first commercially successful video game in history, overshadowing pinball games and jukeboxes. Bushnell : “To be successful, I had to come up with a game people already knew how to play; something so simple that any drunk in any bar could play.” Atari went on to sell more than 19,000 arcade units, helping launch the video game industry. Today,  video game sales  are expected to grow from $66 billion in 2010 to $81 bilion in 2016,  and every student in video game design school aspires to supersede and surpass Alcorn’s and Bushnell’s success. In February 1974, 19-year-old Steve Jobs came to Atari  and told the personnel director, “who was startled by his unkempt hair and attire, that he wouldn’t leave until they gave him a job” (this and the following quotes from Walter Issacson’s Steve Jobs). Jobs became one of the first fifty employees at Atari but left a few months later “to search for a guru in India.” When he came back he got  back his job, and in the summer of 1975, Bushnell asked him to design a single-player version of Pong: “Bushnell knew that Jobs was not a great engineer, but he assumed, correctly, that he would recruit Wozniak, who was always hanging around. ‘I looked at it as a two-for-one thing,’ Bushnell recalled. ‘Woz was a better engineer.'” Indeed, Wozniak did it, in only four days, using forty-five chips instead of fifty. Issacson concludes the Atari chapter in Jobs’s life by stating “The Atari experience helped shape Jobs’s approach to  business and design. He appreciated the user-friendliness of Atari’s insert-quarter-avoid-Klingons games. … Jobs also absorbed some of Bushnell’s take-no-prisoners attitude.”


What was the nickname of the anonymous source who leaked the Watergate scandal?

WATERGATE ANONYMOUS SOURCE WATERGATE ANONYMOUS SOURCE ï¿½DEEP THROATï¿½ COMES FORWARD June 1, 2005 The mystery man who helped the Washington Post unravel the Watergate scandal that forced President Nixon to resign in 1974 has come forward. Mark Felt, a 91-year-old retiree, was the number two at the FBI when men paid for by President Nixon's reelection committee broke into the Democratic National Headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, DC. He gave secret information to reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein that encouraged them to follow the trail from a seemingly insignificant burglary to a cover-up organized by the Nixon administration. The Post's articles eventually led Congress to investigate the White House and proceed with hearings that would have led to impeachment. Woodward first referred to the anonymous source as "my friend," but a Post editor renamed the source in honor of a pornographic film of that name that was then a national sensation. Felt's grandson Nick Jones, a 23-year-old law student, explained that his grandfather was ill and had finally agreed to come forward. "As he recently told my mother, 'I guess people used to think Deep Throat was a criminal, but now they think he's a hero.' "  The Watergate scandal began with a simple burglary on June 17, 1972. Five men were arrested in the act of breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee in Washington's Watergate hotel and office building. A few days later the burglars were connected to E. Howard Hunt, a former White House aide, and to G. Gordon Liddy, a lawyer for the Committee for the Reelection of President Nixon. Despite the ties to his campaign, the president repeatedly denied any involvement in the affair. That November President Nixon won reelection to the White House by a landslide, but the story of Watergate would not go away. Throughout the summer of 1973, Congress held dramatic televised hearings that slowly drew out the truth. www.pbs.org/newshour/extra 1 Republican Howard Baker of Tennessee crystallized the issue with one simple question: ï¿½What did the president know, and when did he know it?ï¿½ Through the hearings and stories that appeared in the Washington Post and other newspapers, it became increasingly clear that President Nixon and his aides had broken one law after another to try and cover up their involvement. They paid "hush" money to keep it quiet. They tried to use the CIA to block the FBI's investigation. They invoked "national security" and "executive privilege" to shield themselves from the investigation. And they lied under oath to Congress. Then in July, came a critical break and a shocking disclosure. President Nixon had installed recording devices in the Oval Office so that historians could study his presidency. Congress said the White House had to turn over the tapes, but President Nixon refused, citing executive privilege. A constitutional confrontation had begun. For the first time in history, a committee of Congress took the President to court. After a bitter struggle for the tapes, the Supreme Court ordered the president to surrender all the tapes. On August 5th, newly released transcripts of the secret Oval Office tape recordings proved beyond a doubt the president, himself, had conspired in the cover-up. Three days later, Richard Nixon resigned. A month later, President Gerald Ford pardoned the disgraced Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States, but many of the president's closest aides went to jail. Possible motivations? Although some Washington insiders are skeptical that Felt is the only person who leaked confidential information, he did have access to some 1,500 FBI interview files, and knew all the agents who were involved in the investigation of the Watergate affair. But the question remains: why did he talk to Woodward? In 1992, journalist James Mann cited Felt as a suspect in an article for The Atlantic Monthly, in which he theorized that Deep Throat's motive was to defend the institutional power and int


What became the world's tallest building in 1973?

World's Tallest Buildings World's Tallest Buildings   Chicago became home to the world's tallest building in 1973 when the Sears Tower was topped off. The Sears Tower remained the tallest building in the world until February 13, 1996. The Sears Tower continues to be the tallest building in North America. On July 10, 1997, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat met in Chicago to announce new standards with four categories for measuring tall buildings. These categories are: Height to the structural or architectural top. Height to the highest occupied floor. Height to the top of the roof. Height to the top of antenna. The Sears Tower leads in the second and third categories. The height to the top of the roof is 1,450 feet and the height to the highest occupied floor is 1,431. The twin Petronas Towers in Malaysia win the first category with its 111-foot decorative spires.. Sitting on two city blocks and rising one quarter mile (1,454 feet) above the ground, the Tower's 110 stories comprise some 4.5 million gross square feet of office and commercial space. It was designed by the architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, and was constructed in a little less than two and half years. Rank


What brutal dictator seized power in Cambodia?

Weird |    July 2, 2011 / views: Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/biotusql/public_html/weirdexistence.com/includes/functions_core.php on line 260 43,091 Five political leaders in the last 130 years have been the architects of the most horrific genocides, systematic murders, blockades, brutal wars, and policy reforms history has ever recorded. Let’s have a closer look on them. 1. Adolf Hitler – 17 Million Deaths Adolf Hitler poses in 1932, shortly before he becoming German Chancellor. Used as the modern world's measure for evil, the Austrian-born failed artist took over Germany using its own laws, kept an iron grip on it with a repressive police state and an ideology based on fear and hatred, and proceeded to engulf the world in war for six years, a conflict that claimed an estimated 70 million lives, military and civilian. Under his reign, he purged the lands under his control of Jews and other "undesirables" in what came to be known as the Holocaust, claiming some 17 million lives. Luckily for a couple of millions of people, something had gone wrong, so he commited a suicide along with his mistress Eva Braun. 2. Conqueror of the British Empire: Idi Amin Idi Amin, who has died at an age thought to be 78, was one of the most brutal military dictators to wield power in post-independence Africa. While chief of staff of the Ugandan army, under Dr Milton Obote's civilian government, he seized power in 1971. He made himself president, with the rank of field marshal, and after eight years of power left Uganda a legacy of bloodthirsty killings and economic mismanagement. Parliament was dissolved; no elections were held; secret police - most of them in plain clothes - exercised absolute power of life and death; and the courts and the press were subjugated to the whims of the executive. The death toll during the Amin regime will never be accurately known. The best estimate, from the International Commission of Jurists in Geneva, is that it was not less than 80,000 and more likely around 300,000. Another estimate, compiled by exile organisations with the help of Amnesty International, put the number killed at 500,000. He might not be first by number of killed people, but hecertainly is at the top considering the way he was torturing and killing. 3. Mao Zedong - 49-78 Million Deaths Breakdown: Policy reforms like the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. During his first five years from 1949 - 53 he is said to have systematically killed between 4 to 6 million people by sentencing them to die or by sending them to "reform through labor" camps. He organized mass repressions, established execution quotas, and defended his actions in these early years as necessary for securing power for "The People's Republic of China".By 1964 this movement was renamed the "four cleanups movement" whose goal was cleansing politics, economics, ideas, and organization of "reactionaries". This led to the formation of the "Red Guards" who were organized to punish intellectuals and take out Mao's political adversaries. 4. Pol Pot – Genocide in the 20th Century An attempt by Khmer Rouge (Red Cambodians) leader Pol Pot to form a Communist peasant farming society resulted in the deaths of 25 percent of the country's population from starvation, overwork and executions. By 1975, the U.S. had withdrawn its troops from Vietnam. Cambodia's government, plagued by corruption and incompetence, also lost its American military support. Taking advantage of the opportunity, Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge army, consisting of teenage peasant guerrillas, marched into Phnom Penh and on April 17 effectively seized control of Cambodia. Once in power, Pol Pot began a radical experiment to create an agrarian utopia inspired in part by Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution which he had witnessed first-hand during a visit to Communist China. He began by declaring, "This is Year Zero," and that society was about to be "purified." Capitalism, Western culture, city life, religion, and all foreign influences were to be extinguished in favor of an extreme form


What city fell to the Communists on April 30, 1975?

South Vietnam surrenders - Apr 30, 1975 - HISTORY.com South Vietnam surrenders Publisher A+E Networks By dawn, communist forces move into Saigon, where they meet only sporadic resistance. The South Vietnamese forces had collapsed under the rapid advancement of the North Vietnamese. The most recent fighting had begun in December 1974, when the North Vietnamese had launched a major attack against the lightly defended province of Phuoc Long, located due north of Saigon along the Cambodian border, overrunning the provincial capital at Phuoc Binh on January 6, 1975. Despite previous presidential promises to provide aid in such a scenario, the United States did nothing. By this time, Nixon had resigned from office and his successor, Gerald Ford, was unable to convince a hostile Congress to make good on Nixon’s earlier promises to rescue Saigon from communist takeover. This situation emboldened the North Vietnamese, who launched a new campaign in March 1975. The South Vietnamese forces fell back in total disarray, and once again, the United States did nothing. The South Vietnamese abandoned Pleiku and Kontum in the Highlands with very little fighting. Then Quang Tri, Hue, and Da Nang fell to the communist onslaught. The North Vietnamese continued to attack south along the coast toward Saigon, defeating the South Vietnamese forces at each encounter. The South Vietnamese 18th Division had fought a valiant battle at Xuan Loc, just to the east of Saigon, destroying three North Vietnamese divisions in the process. However, it proved to be the last battle in the defense of the Republic of South Vietnam. The South Vietnamese forces held out against the attackers until they ran out of tactical air support and weapons, finally abandoning Xuan Loc to the communists on April 21. Having crushed the last major organized opposition before Saigon, the North Vietnamese got into position for the final assault. In Saigon, South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu resigned and transferred authority to Vice President Tran Van Huong before fleeing the city on April 25. By April 27, the North Vietnamese had completely encircled Saigon and began to maneuver for a complete takeover. When they attacked at dawn on April 30, they met little resistance. North Vietnamese tanks crashed through the gates of the Presidential Palace and the war came to an end. North Vietnamese Col. Bui Tin accepted the surrender from Gen. Duong Van Minh, who had taken over after Tran Van Huong spent only one day in power. Tin explained to Minh, “You have nothing to fear. Between Vietnamese there are no victors and no vanquished. Only the Americans have been beaten. If you are patriots, consider this a moment of joy. The war for our country is over.” Related Videos


What city hosted the Summer Olympics in 1972?

1972 München Summer Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 1972 München Summer Games Host City: München, West Germany (August 26, 1972 to September 11, 1972) Opening Ceremony: August 26, 1972 (opened by President Gustave Heinemann) Takers of the Olympic Oath: Heidi Schüller (athlete) and Heinz Pollay (official) Closing Ceremony: September 11, 1972 Events: 193 in 23 sports Participants: 7,113 (6,052 men and 1,060 women) from 121 countries Youngest Participant:   Werner Grieshofer (12 years, 188 days) Oldest Participant:   Lorna Johnstone (70 years, 4 days) Most Medals (Athlete): Soviet Union (99 medals) Overview The Munich Olympics began beneath the warm summer sun of a Bavarian afternoon and ended in the cool autumn twilight of a German evening. They began as The Games of Peace and Joy, in which the West German government attempted to atone for the militaristic Nazi image so associated with the [1936 Berlin Games]. They ended as The Games of Terror and Tragedy. » Click to show/hide rest of overview Prior to the 1972 Olympics, the major controversy concerned the Rhodesian Olympic team. At its [71st Session] in 1971, the IOC ruled that Rhodesian athletes could compete, but only using British uniforms, the Union Jack as the flag, and with the British anthem. But shortly before the 1972 Munich Olympics, the African nations threatened a mass boycott if Rhodesia, which was still white-controlled, was allowed to compete. Two days before the Opening Ceremony, the IOC voted (36-31 with three abstentions) to withdraw the invitation to Rhodesia for the 1972 Olympic Games. But when the Games opened the incident seemed lost in the beauty of the Olympics. The first eleven days of the 1972 Olympics were perhaps the most beautiful celebrations of Olympia ever seen. But on the morning of 5 September, the Games were interrupted when eight Arab terrorists, representing the militant Black September group, entered the Olympic Village and took hostage eleven members of the Israel Olympic team. While the world watched on television and waited, the terrorists occupied the building of Connollystraße 31, and demanded freedom for several Arabs held in Israel prisons. The Israel government refused this as a day of tense negotiations ensued. Late in the evening of 5 September, the terrorists took their hostages to Fürstenfeldbruck, an Army air base near Munich. There, in a few quick minutes of fighting as the Germans tried to save them, all the Israelis were murdered by a bomb the terrorists had set in the helicopter which was to take them to freedom. Several of the terrorists were killed, but most escaped. A few were later captured, and a few were killed by Israeli hit squads, but none ever came to trial. The American public watched the tragedy via ABC Television and saw host Jim McKay detail the events for most of the day. After the tragedy at Fürstenfeldbruck he summed up the incident in just a few sad words, "They're all gone." There were some marvelous athletic performances at the 1972 Olympics, notably [Mark Spitz] winning seven gold medals, and setting seven world records, but they seemed of little consequence. The Games were halted for one day as a memorial service was held for the Israelis. At the memorial, IOC President [Avery Brundage] angered many when he compared the Israeli murders to the Rhodesian incident, and made one of his most famous comments when he declared, "The Games must go on." The Olympic Games did go on, but they would never again be the same. Country Medal Leaders A Sports Reference Site : About SR/Olympics  | Privacy Statement  | Conditions & Terms of Service | Use of Data Data provided by OlyMADMen , led by Hilary Evans, Arild Gjerde, Jeroen Heijmans, and Bill Mallon. Members: David Foster, Martin Frank, Jørn Jensen, Carl-Johan Johansson, Taavi Kalju, Martin Kellner, George Masin, Stein Opdahl, Wolf Reinhardt, Ralf Regnitter, Paul Tchir, Magne Teigen, Christian Tugnoli, Morten Aarlia Torp, and Ralf Schlüter. Sports Reference LLC and www.sports-reference.com are not sponsored by or affiliated with t


In what country did Augusto Pinochet seize power?

Augusto Pinochet - Biography and Profile Augusto Pinochet.  Updated January 08, 2016. Augusto Pinochet: Murderer or Savior? Augusto Pinochet was a career army officer and military dictator of Chile from 1973 to 1990. His years in power were marked by inflation, poverty and the ruthless repression of opposition leaders. Pinochet was also involved in Operation Condor, a co-operative effort on the part of several South American governments to do away with leftist opposition leaders, often by means of murder. Several years after stepping down, he was charged with several war crimes relating to his time as President , but he died in 2006 before he could be convicted of anything. Pinochet’s Early Life: Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte was born on November 25, 1915 in Valparaiso, Chile, to descendents of French settlers who had come to Chile more than a century before. He was the eldest of six children, his father a middle-class government worker. He entered military school when he turned 18, and graduated as a Sub-Lieutenant in four years. continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge Pinochet's Military Career: Pinochet rose quickly in rank, in spite of the fact that Chile was not at war. In fact, Pinochet never saw any action in combat during his entire military career: the closest he would come was as commander of a detention camp for Chilean communists. Pinochet became an intellectual, lecturing at the War Academy for periods of time and authoring five different books on politics and warfare. By 1968 he had been promoted to Brigadier General. Pinochet and Allende: In 1948, Pinochet met Salvador Allende, a young Chilean senator. A socialist, Allende had come to visit the concentration camp run by Pinochet where many Chilean communists were held. In 1970, Allende was elected president, and he promoted Pinochet to commander of the Santiago garrison. Over the next three years, Pinochet proved invaluable to Allende, helping put down opposition to Allende’s economic policies, which were devastating the nation’s economy. Allende promoted Pinochet to commander-in-chief of all Chilean armed forces on August 23, 1973. The Coup of 1973: Allende was wrong to trust Pinochet. With the people in the streets and the economy in shambles, the military made a move to take over the government. On September 11, 1973, less than 20 days after he was made commander-in-chief of the army, Pinochet ordered his troops to take Santiago and ordered an air strike on the presidential palace. Allende died defending the palace, and Pinochet was made part of a four-man ruling junta led by the commanders of the army, air force, police and navy. Later he would seize absolute power for himself. Operation Condor: Pinochet and Chile were heavily involved in Operation Condor, which was a collaborative effort among the governments of Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay to control leftist dissidents such as the MIR and the Tupamaros . It consisted of a series of kidnappings, disappearances and assassinations of prominent opponents of the right-wing regimes in the listed countries. The Chilean DINA (Dirección de Intelegencia Nacional), a secret police force, was one of the driving forces of Operation Condor. It is unknown how many people were killed, but most estimates range well into the thousands. The Economy Under Pinochet: Pinochet’s team of US-educated economists, known as “the Chicago Boys,” advocated lower taxes, the selling off of state-run businesses and encouraging foreign investment. These reforms led to a sustained growth, prompting the phrase “The Miracle of Chile.” However, these reforms also led to a decline in wages and a spike in unemployment. Pinochet Steps Down: In 1988, a nationwide referendum on Pinochet resulted in a majority of the people voting to deny him another term as president. Elections were therefore held in 1989, and the opposition candidate won, although Pinochet’s supporters continued to hold enough influence in the Chilean Parliament to block many new reforms. Pinochet stepped down as Pr


What phrase accompanied a yellow smiley face?

Smiley Face History - Invention of the Smiley Face IMAGE AVAILABLE Birth: July 10, 1921 in       Worcester, Massachusetts Death: April 12, 2001 in   Worcester, Massachusetts Nationality: American Milestones: 1964 Ball spent about 10 minutes designing the smiley face for his     client, an insurance company 1970 Bernard and Murray Spain added the words "Have a nice day," to the     smiley face 1971 At its peak of popularity, more than 50 million Smiley Face buttons     were sold. 1999 United States Postal Service unveiled the Smiley Face Stamp 1999 First World Smile Day held CAPS: Ball, Smiley Face, Harvey Ross Ball, Bernard Spain, Murray Spain,  Have A Nice Day, ARYS, smiley face, :-),  symbol, ☺, SIPS, invention, history,      inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, fascinating      facts. The Story: In the early 60s State Mutual Life Assurance of Worcester, MA initiated a   merger that had bad effects on company morale. In 1964, State Mutual cooked   up a ï¿½friendship campaignï¿½ to get employees to smile whenever they answered   the phone, paid a claim, or typed a report. The company turned to Harvey Ball for   graphic support. Ball reported that he spent about 10 minutes designing the   smiley face, and he was paid $45 for it. This was the only profit that Ball   ever made from his most famous creation. Neither Ball or the insurance   company trademarked or copyrighted the smiley face. In the early 1970s, the smiley face   image became a symbol for an entire generation of Americans, emerging as one   of the most well-known images in the country. The smiley face craze, was the work of two   brothers in Philadelphia, Bernard and Murray Spain, who were in the business   of making would-be fad items. In September of 1970 they drew up a smiley   face added the words "Have a nice day," and copyrighted the image   and words.   Soon they and their many imitators were cranking out buttons, posters,   greeting cards, shirts, bumper stickers, cookie jars, earrings, bracelets,   key chains, and many other items. The fad lasted about a year and half; the   number of smiley buttons produced by 1972 was estimated at 50 million. TO   LEARN MORE


What country became independent from Pakistan?

INDEPENDENT PAKISTAN INDEPENDENT PAKISTAN Pakistan Table of Contents Problems at Independence In August 1947, Pakistan was faced with a number of problems, some     immediate but others long term. The most important of these concerns was     the role played by Islam. Was Pakistan to be a secular state serving as     a homeland for Muslims of the subcontinent, or was it to be an Islamic     state governed by the sharia, in which non-Muslims would be second-class     citizens? The second question concerned the distribution of power     between the center and the provincial governments, a question that     eventually led to the dissolution of the country with the painful loss     of the East Wing (East Bengal, later East Pakistan, now Bangladesh) in     1971, an issue that remained unresolved in the mid-1990s. The territory of Pakistan was divided into two parts at independence,     separated by about 1,600 kilometers of Indian territory. The 1940 Lahore     Resolution had called for independent "states" in the     northwest and the northeast. This objective was changed, by a 1946     meeting of Muslim League legislators to a call for a single state (the     acronym Pakistan had no letter for Bengal). Pakistan lacked the     machinery, personnel, and equipment for a new government. Even its     capital, Karachi, was a second choice--Lahore was rejected because it     was too close to the Indian border. Pakistan's economy seemed enviable     after severing ties with India, the major market for its commodities.     And much of Punjab's electricity was imported from Indian power     stations. Above all other concerns were the violence and the refugee problem:     Muslims were fleeing India; Hindus and Sikhs were fleeing Pakistan.     Jinnah's plea to regard religion as a personal matter, not a state     matter, was ignored. No one was prepared for the communal rioting and     the mass movements of population that followed the June 3, 1947, London     announcement of imminent independence and partition. The most     conservative estimates of the casualties were 250,000 dead and 12     million to 24 million refugees. The actual boundaries of the two new     states were not even known until August 17, when they were announced by     a commission headed by a British judge. The boundaries-- unacceptable to     both India and Pakistan--have remained. West Pakistan lost Hindus and Sikhs. These communities had managed     much of the commercial activity of West Pakistan. The Sikhs were     especially prominent in agricultural colonies. They were replaced     largely by Muslims from India, mostly Urdu speakers from the United     Provinces. Although some people, especially Muslims from eastern Punjab     (in India), settled in western Punjab (in Pakistan), many headed for     Karachi and other cities in Sindh, where they took the jobs vacated by     departing Hindus. In 1951 close to half of the population of Pakistan's     major cities were immigrants (muhajirs--refugees from India and     their descendants). The aspirations for Pakistan that had been so important to Muslims in     Muslim-minority provinces and the goals for the new state these urban     refugees had fled to were not always compatible with those of the     traditional rural people already inhabiting Pakistan, whose support for     the concept of Pakistan came much later. Pakistani society was polarized     from its inception. The land and people west of the Indus River continued to pose     problems. The most immediate problem was the continued presence of a     Congress government in the North-West Frontier Province, a government     effective at the grassroots level and popular despite the loss of the     plebiscite. Led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and his Khudai-i-Khitmagar     (Servants of God, a Congress faction), this group was often referred to     as the Red Shirts


At what Presidential retreat did Israel and Egypt sign a peace accord?

Milestones: 1977–1980 - Office of the Historian Milestones: 1977–1980 Camp David Accords and the Arab-Israeli Peace Process The Camp David Accords, signed by President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President           Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in September 1978,           established a framework for a historic peace treaty concluded between Israel and           Egypt in March 1979. President Carter and the U.S. Government played leading           roles in creating the opportunity for this agreement to occur. From the start of           his administration, Carter and his Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance, pursued           intensive negotiations with Arab and Israeli leaders, hoping to reconvene the           Geneva Conference, which had been established in December 1973 to seek an end to           the Arab-Israeli dispute. President Jimmy Carter with Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli             Prime Minister Menachem Begin at Camp David, Maryland in September 1978.             (Jimmy Carter Library) As Carter and Vance met with individual leaders from Arab countries and Israel           during the spring of 1977, negotiations for a return to Geneva appeared to gain           some momentum. On May 17, 1977, an Israeli election upset stunned the Carter           administration as the moderate Israeli Labor Party lost for the first time in           Israel’s history. Menachem Begin, the leader of the conservative Likud Party and           the new Israeli Prime Minister, appeared intractable on the issue of exchanging           land for peace. His party’s commitment to “greater Israel” left Carter with an           even more challenging situation during the summer of 1977. In addition to the new reality of a Likud government in Israel, long-standing           rivalries among Arab leaders also played a role in blocking substantive progress           in negotiations for a Geneva conference. By early November, Egyptian President           Sadat found himself frustrated by the lack of movement and made a dramatic move,           announcing on November 9 that he would be willing to go to Jerusalem. This move           stunned the world. Sadat would attempt to break the deadlock and to engage the           Israelis directly for a Middle East settlement, eschewing any talk of returning           to the Geneva Conference. Sadat’s visit led to direct talks between Egypt and           Israel that December, but these talks did not generate substantive progress. By           January 1978, the United States returned to a more prominent negotiation           role. During the spring and early summer of 1978, the United States attempted to find           common ground with regard to Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai, West Bank, and           Gaza. Egypt insisted on an Israeli withdrawal to June 4, 1967 borders in           exchange for security arrangements and minor border modifications. Israel           rejected Egypt’s insistence on withdrawal, especially from the West Bank and           Gaza. It argued instead for some form of Palestinian autonomy during a five-year           interim period followed by the possibility of sovereignty after the interim           period expired. The impasse over the West Bank and Gaza led Carter to intercede           directly in an attempt to resolve the deadlock. By July 30, as Sadat expressed disappointment over the progress of negotiations           and a desire to cut direct contacts off with the Israelis, Carter decided to           call for a summit meeting. This meeting would bring Sadat, Begin, and Carter           together at the presidential retreat in Maryland at Camp David. On August 8,


"Who wrote ""Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas""?"

Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (novel) - Wikiquote Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (novel) From Wikiquote Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (A Savage Journey into the Heart of the American Dream) (1971) by Hunter S. Thompson is a semi-autobiographical story of a drug fuelled weekend in Las Vegas. A film adaptation Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas was made in 1998. Contents Preface / Prologue[ edit ] Both book and movie: "He who makes a beast of himself, gets rid of the pain of being a man." - Dr. Johnson Part 1.[ edit ] We were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold. I remember saying something like "I feel a bit lightheaded; maybe you should drive..." And suddenly there was a terrible roar all around us and the sky was full of what looked like huge bats, all swooping and screeching and diving around the car, which was going about a hundred miles an hour with the top down to Las Vegas. And a voice was screaming: "Holy Jesus! What are these goddamn animals?" The sporting editors had also given me $300 in cash, most of which was already spent on extremely dangerous drugs. The trunk of the car looked like a mobile police narcotics lab. We had two bags of grass, seventy-five pellets of mescaline, five sheets of high-powered blotter acid, a salt shaker half full of cocaine, and a whole galaxy of multi-colored uppers, downers, screamers, laughers and also a quart of tequila, a quart of rum, a case of Budweiser, a pint of raw ether and two dozen amyls. Not that we needed all that for the trip, but once you get locked into a serious drug-collection, the tendency is to push it as far as you can. The only thing that really worried me was the ether. There is nothing in the world more helpless and irresponsible and depraved than a man in the depths of an ether binge. And I knew we'd get into that rotten stuff pretty soon. How long can we maintain? I wonder. How long before one of us starts raving and jabbering at this boy? What will he think then? This same lonely desert was the last known home of the Manson family. Will he make that grim connection... No point mentioning those bats, I thought. The poor bastard will see them soon enough. The car suddenly veered off the road and we came to a sliding halt in the gravel. I was hurled against the dashboard. My attorney was slumped over the wheel. “What’s wrong?” I yelled. “We can’t stop here. This is bat country!" 2. The Seizure of $300 from a Pig Woman In Beverly Hills[ edit ] Every now and then when your life gets complicated and the weasels start closing in, the only real cure is to load up on heinous chemicals and then drive like a bastard from Hollywood to Las Vegas. To relax, as it were, in the womb of the desert sun. Just roll the roof back and screw it on, grease the face with white tanning butter and move out with the music at top volume, and at least a pint of ether. Getting hold of the drugs had been no problem, but the car and the tape recorder were not easy things to round up at 6:30 on a Friday afternoon in Hollywood. We spent the rest of that night rounding up materials and packing the car. Then we ate the mescaline and went swimming in the ocean. Somewhere around dawn we had breakfast in a Malibu coffee shop, then drove very carefully across town and plunged onto the smog-shrouded Pasadena Freeway, heading east. 3. Strange Medicine on the Desert...a Crisis of Confidence[ edit ] I am still vaguely haunted by our hitchhiker’s remark about how he’d “never rode in a convertible before.” Here’s this poor geek living in a world of convertibles zipping past him on the highways all the time, and he’s never even ridden in one. It made me feel like King Farouk. I was tempted to have my attorney pull into the next airport and arrange some kind of simple, common-law contract whereby we could just give the car to this unfortunate bastard. Just say: “Here, sign this and the car’s yours.” Give him the keys and then use the credit card to zap off on a jet to some place like Miami and rent another huge fireapple-red convertible for a drug-addled, t