A season in which woodland trees produce extraordinarily big volumes of fruit/nuts/seeds is called a '(What?) Year'?

NUMBER 5 1938 finds the Art News still in its infancy, but it’s a lusty infant! We have not for a moment relaxed our efforts to report, impartially, all the news of Art in Philadelphia. Our methods for collecting the news are being steadily perfected. The paper grows in vitality. You who read the Philadelphia Art News have been enormously helpful. Your enthusiasm and cooperation and your constructive criticism have been invaluable. We have by no means attained the standard of usefulness we have set for ourselves. Part of our approach to that standard has been definitely mapped. Each step along the way means more comprehensive integration in a news picture of the ties connecting all branches of the plastic and graphic arts. We believe that this broad scope is necessary if we are to present the art activity of Philadelphia in true perspective, that is in direct relation to everyday life. We thank you for your active interest. We urge you to express your ideas and reactions. We need your guidance. We hope that this New Year will disclose a more luxuriously flourishing art spirit in Philadelphia. May you all prosper in health and accomplishment! DEGAS FOR PHILADELPHIA “THE BALLET CLASS” ADDED TO WILSTACH COLLECTION “The Ballet Class” by Edgar Degas Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Museum of Art Another example of nineteenth century French painting has been acquired by the Wilstach Collection, “The Ballet Class,” by Edgar Degas, one of the most distinguished draftsmen of the century. In announcing this purchase, the Park Commission said, “This important example of Degas’ painting was among the pictures purchased direct from the artist by Mary Cassatt, painter and friend of Degas, for her brother, Alexander J. Cassatt.” “The Ballet Class,” which was painted about 1880, is considered by the Museum to be one of Degas’ finest expressions. Its choice by Mary Cassatt, a Philadelphian and a distinguished Impressionist painter in her own right, shows her to have been a sensitive observer and a connoisseur of the art of her own time. Philadelphians will remember “The Ballet Class” from the exhibition of Impressionist Figure Painters here in 1934, and the Museum’s Degas Exhibition held last year. After the latter showing it was returned to Paris to be included in the Degas Exhibition organized by the French Government. The painting will be exhibited at the Pennsylvania Museum of Art on the Parkway, where it will hang with other paintings lent from the main body of the Wilstach Collection, housed in Memorial Hall. Included in this collection are several other paintings obtained from the Cassatt family some years ago. Joseph E. Widener, chairman of the committee in charge of the Wilstach Collection, effected the purchase of this picture. INSERT SHALL WE CONTINUE ITS USE? The insert question still rages. Shall we or shall we not continue the black and white reproductions of works by Philadelphia artists? We have received many opinions. At present the vote is ten to one in favor of the insert, wrinkled or smooth. But we want to know what YOU think. Drop us a line and give us your candid ideas on the subject. After some experimentation we find that it is virtually impossible to add the insert to the paper in such a way that it will reach you in good condition. It usually comes to your home or studio badly rumpled. We hope you’ll speak up! A penny post card will be sufficient to bring us your opinion. STOKOWSKI COMPARES ART AND MUSIC PREFERS POST OFFICE TO ART MUSEUM “To the discriminating, it speaks volumes that the new Post Office is artistically of more value than the Art Museum.” And with this blow to Philadelphia’s artistic complacency, Dr. Leopold Stokowski launched into a stimulating discussion of art and art appreciation in the world today, more particularly in this city. Following up his initial rhetorical question concerning the artistic merits of the Museum building, Stokowski gave his reasons for preferring the Post Office. The Post Office is light, effective, and American in its conception; the Museum is quasi-Greek with hundreds of


Campylobacter bacteria is commonly associated with?

Campylobacter food poisoning Sitemap Campylobacter Campylobacter jejuni  is the most common cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States. Over 6,000 cases of Campylobacter infection were reported in 2009 alone, but many cases are not reported to public health authorities. A 2011 report from the CDC estimates that Campylobacter causes approximately 845,000 illnesses in the United States each year. Campylobacter is found most often in food, particularly in chicken. Food is contaminated when it comes into contact with animal feces.  Any raw poultry may contain Campylobacter, including organic and “free range” products. In fact, studies have found Campylobacter contamination on up to 88 percent of chicken carcasses. Despite the commonness of Campylobacter, however, infections are usually isolated events, and widespread outbreaks are rare. Campylobacter Symptoms Symptoms of food poisoning from Campylobacter usually occur 2 to 5 days after a person eats contaminated food, but may take up to 10 days to appear. The most common symptom of a Campylobacter infection is diarrhea, which is often bloody.  Typical symptoms include: Diarrhea: Diarrhea ranges from mild to severe and is often bloody Fever Headache Muscle pain Two age groups are most commonly affected by Campylobacter: children under 5 years of age and young adults aged 15-29. Complications of Campylobacter Infection Although complications from Campylobacter food poisoning are unlikely, they do occur in some cases. The following is a list of possible long-term consequences of Campylobacter infection. Guillan-Barré Syndrome (GBS): Although rare, Guillan-Barré Syndrome is the most common cause of acute generalized paralysis in the western world.  GBS occurs when the antibodies the body builds up against Campylobacter attack one’s nerve cells. Symptoms of GBS appear several weeks after diarrheal illness. Approximately one in every 1000 reported Campylobacter cases results in GBS. Reactive Arthritis: Campylobacter infection may also lead to reactive arthritis . Symptoms include inflammation of the joints, eyes, or reproductive or urinary organs. On average, symptoms appear 18 days after infection. Other complications: Campylobacter may also cause appendicitis or infect specific parts of the body, including the abdominal cavity, the heart, the central nervous system, the gall bladder, the urinary tract, or the blood stream. Diagnosis of Campylobacter Infection To assess whether someone has a Campylobacter infection, doctors take a stool sample and send it to a laboratory for testing.  However, if the stool sample is taken after an individual has begun antibiotic treatment, the test results may be falsely negative. Campylobacter Treatment Campylobacter infections usually resolve after about a week, although treatment with antibiotics can shorten the course of the illness. Patients with Campylobacter poisoning should drink lots of fluids to stay hydrated as long as the diarrhea lasts. Antidiarrheal medication may also help lessen symptoms. The amount of foodborne bacteria resistant to antibiotics is on the rise, so certain antibiotics may prove ineffective at treating a given type of Campylobacter. Finding an effective antibiotic is key to treating this bacterial infection. How to Prevent Campylobacter Infection Campylobacter jejuni grows easily if contaminated foods are left out at room temperature. The bacterium is sensitive to heat and other sterilization methods, including pasteurization, cooking meat fully, and water chlorination. Follow these easy safety procedures to avoid Campylobacter infection. Make sure the thickest part of any poultry product you are cooking reaches 165 F (74 C) Choose the coolest part of the car to transport meat and poultry home from the store Defrost meat and poultry in the refrigerator or microwave, making sure juices do not drip Do not cook stuffing inside the bird Never leave food out at room temperature for over two hours Use pasteurized milk and eggs Wash fruits and vegetables carefully Wash hands thoroughly after… Contact with pe


What is the common name of the frottoir percusssion instrument (from Cajun French 'frotter', rub)?

Learn and talk about Washboard (musical instrument), American musical instruments, Cajun musical instruments, Improvised musical instruments, Scraped idiophones This article is about the musical percussion instrument. For the tool used to wash clothing, see Washboard (laundry) . For other uses, see Washboard (disambiguation) . Washboard player accompanying piano The washboard and frottoir (from Cajun French "frotter", to rub) are used as a percussion instrument , employing the ribbed metal surface of the cleaning device as a rhythm instrument. As traditionally used in jazz , zydeco , skiffle , jug band , and old-time music , the washboard remained in its wooden frame and is played primarily by tapping, but also scraping the washboard with thimbles. Often the washboard has additional traps, such as a wood block , a cowbell , and even small cymbals . Conversely, the frottoir (zydeco rubboard) dispenses with the frame and consists simply of the metal ribbing hung around the neck. It is played primarily with spoon handles or bottle openers in a combination of strumming, scratching, tapping and rolling. The frottoir or vest frottoir is played as a stroked percussion instrument, often in a band with a drummer , while the washboard generally is a replacement for drums. In Zydeco bands, the frottoir is usually played with bottle openers, to make a louder sound. It tends to play counter-rhythms to the drummer. In a jug band, the washboard can also be stroked with a single whisk broom and functions as the drums for the band, playing only on the back-beat for most songs, a substitute for a snare drum . In a four-beat measure, the washboard will stroke on the 2-beat and the 4-beat. Its best sound is achieved using a single steel-wire snare-brush or whisk broom. However, in a jazz setting, the washboard can also be played with thimbles on all fingers, tapping out much more complex rhythms, as in The Washboard Rhythm Kings , a full-sized band, and Newman Taylor Baker . Busking on a washboard. There are three general ways of deploying the washboard for use as an instrument. The first, mainly used by American players like Washboard Chaz of the Washboard Chaz Blues Trio and Ralf Reynolds of the Reynolds Brothers Rhythm Rascals, is to drape it vertically down the chest. The second, used by European players like David Langlois of the Blue Vipers of Brooklyn and Stephane Seva of Paris Washboard, is to hold it horizontally across the lap, or, for more complex setups, to mount it horizontally on a purpose-built stand. The third (and least common) method, used by Washboard Sam and Deryck Guyler , is to hold it in a perpendicular orientation between the legs while seated, so that both sides of the board might be played at the same time. There is a Polish traditional jazz festival and music award named " Złota Tarka " (Golden Washboard). Washboards, called " zatulas ", are also occasionally used in Ukrainian folk music. Contents History[ edit ] The washboard as a percussion instrument ultimately derives from the practice of hamboning as practiced in West Africa and brought to the new world by African slaves. This led to the development of Jug bands which used jugs , spoons , and washboards to provide the rhythm. [1] Jug bands became popular in the 1920s. The frottoir, also called a Zydeco rub-board, is a mid-20th century invention designed specifically for Zydeco music. It is one of the few musical instruments invented entirely in the United States and represents a distillation of the washboard into essential elements ( percussive surface with shoulder straps). It was designed in 1946 by Clifton Chenier and fashioned by Willie Landry, a friend and metalworker at the Texaco refinery in Port Arthur, Texas. Clifton's brother Cleveland Chenier famously played this newly designed rubboard using bottle openers. Likewise, Willie's son, Tee Don Landry, continues the traditional hand manufacturing of rubboards in his small shop in Sunset, Louisiana , between Lafayette and Opelousas. [2] In 2010 Saint Blues Guitar Workshop launched an electric washboard p


Satellite is a computer notebook/tablet model brand of which corporation?

Toshiba Laptops - Brand Review and Rating - Laptop Mag March 24, 2016 09:00 am MORE Occupying last place for the second time since 2013, Toshiba seems like a company that's just been going through the motions for the past several years. The last time the brand placed any higher than seventh was in 2011, when it graced fourth place. Toshiba is always at or near the cellar because of its poor-quality laptops, weak support and mediocre design. To add insult to injury, the company preloads a lot of bloatware and makes you pay your own return shipping for defective products. Toshiba's lineup has a few bright spots, though, including an excellent Chromebook and a long-lasting 2-in-1. Design (8/15) Toshiba doesn't make particularly pretty laptops, but they're not ugly either; they’re just meh. Take the Kirabook 2015 , which is sporting the company's Skyline design language that offers a brushed, silver, aluminum frame that's totally inoffensive. Both the Radius 14 and 15 borrow heavily from Lenovo's 360-degree hinge design, but neither really brings the wow factor of its competitor. The Portege z30t , with its spill-resistant keyboard and drop-tested chassis, is a standout in the lineup. But you also have the Satellite C55DT , which looks premium despite its plastic shell but suffers from a sharp, upward-pointing edge that presses uncomfortably into your wrists. Ultimately, Toshiba laptops are solid products, but based on design alone, they tend to fade into the background. Reviews (13/30) With a score of 13 out of 30, Toshiba once again finished with the worst average rating in the past year. The company had five systems that earned scores of 2.5 or less. The only real bright spots for the company were its Portege Z20t , a premium 2-in-1 with over 14 hours of endurance, and its updated Chromebook 2 , which improved upon the original with a brighter display and more-recent components. But as whole, the results weren't pretty. Tech Support (16/20) In a word, Toshiba's technical support is difficult. The company's online resources were too Windows 8-specific during our tests, and its bot-based Virtual Help Desk led us in a loop of queries with no answers in sight. We fared better on some of our phone calls with Toshiba reps, but one agent almost had us reset a notebook's BIOS when all we needed to do was uncheck a box in a preference window.


In 2013 Birmingham UK opened Europe's biggest?

Library of Birmingham: Europe's largest public library is set to open in a matter of days | Daily Mail Online Next A very big read: Europe's largest public library set to open in Birmingham Library of Birmingham is due to officially open on September 3 after taking more than three years to build Construction work started on the building in January 2010 and it has cost a total of £189million It has been designed by architect Francine Houben; the exterior's interlacing rings reflect city's canals and tunnels


Meccanica Verghera prefixes which famous motorcycle maker's name?

History of MV Meccanica Verghera The MV Agusta motorcycle factory, based in Italy, ceased trading.   1982 David and Mark Kay, along with many other owners, found replacement parts increasingly difficult to source. As a result, they commenced manufacturing high quality replica parts for their 750cc Race Bike and 900cc Sidecar. As accomplished engineers, they began to earn a reputation within the world of racing for the high standard of their work.       On a visit to the MV Agusta Race Shop in Gallarate near Milan the Kays' MV motorcycle, which had been built from parts, was stolen Mr Magni, Mr. Ubbiali and Mr. Laudi, the spares supremo, were devastated. Mr. Magni promised to replace the bike which he later did. Mr. Laudi gave the Kays a complete set of 500GP 72 four cylinder engine unmachined castings. It then took 30 years to obtain sufficient information to machine the 500 4cylinder GP engine. This is a photo of the first bike they ever built from original factory parts. It's an MV 750Sport. Dave Kay rode it all the way to Italy, with Mark, then only 15 yr old, riding pillion. 1984 Dave and Mark Kay made a decision to build their own engine. They manufactured and machined castings to enable them to build 500cc to 862cc Engines 1988 The Kays constructed the world’s first road going MV500cc 4 cylinder motorcycle.   The Kays register their Company.   M.V.-Meccanica Verghera Limited is incorporated under the Companies Act (1985) as a Private Limited Company.   A copy of this certificate (6Mb PDF) is here 1995 David and Mark Kay’s hand built Ferrari motorcycle was unveiled at the 1995 Classic International Bike Show and was described by Sammy Miller and others as a ‘Unique Engineering Masterpiece’. The concept was conceived during a conversation with a good friend Rodney Timson of Milford. He suggested, to showcase our engineering capabilities, we build a one off motorcycle, which had not been attempted by other manufacturers or engineers. After much thought and deliberation it was agreed to write to Ferrari Cars and ask permission to build a motorcycle in honour, and dedicated to, the memory of the founder of the company Enzo Ferrari. To our surprise and delight his son Petro replied giving his agreement. We have been told over the years that Enzo Ferrari had no connection with motorcycles so why bother. This is untrue. Enzo Ferrari in his teenage years raced Scott motorcycles built in Shipley, Yorkshire and had a love affair with bikes long before cars. The project was commenced in 1990 with the basic idea it had to look like a two wheeled Ferrari. A machine which the factory could have built if they had gone into motorcycle manufacture at this time. Hence Twin Head and Rear Lights, Italian Webber dual Choke Carbs, as fitted to their cars installed on a four cylinder engine with 4 exhausts. (See elsewhere for further details). After 5 years work Mark and David displayed the bike at Silverstone Race Track where they were guests of the Lamborgini car manufacturer. Lord Hesketh, on seeing the bike, insisted it be displayed in the Race Drivers Private Rest Garden. This was the first and only time a mechanical vehicle was allowed on this hallowed turf. Drivers insisted it be fired into life. Jack Brabham, World Champion, push started the bike to great applause of the other drivers. Was it worth the effort? You bet!! For further details about this unique project, please click here. 1997   David and Mark Kay bought the domain name 'mv-agusta.co.uk' and it has been registered in their name ever since October 1997, as this certificate shows (pdf 410Kb) Later in 2000 Cagiva, the owner of the MV Agusta motorcycle name objected to the registration and insisted on arbitration. He lost his case Claudio Castiglioni admitted in hard copy during Cagiva’s submissions to the arbitrator that the Kays had kept the name MV Agusta alive "..we appreciated that your company has restored and repaired veteran MV AGUSTA motorcycles for about 22 years and we are aware that you have kept the MV AGUSTA name alive in the motorcycles fie


The Cadbury Report of 1992 established the first major code for what regulatory aspect of business/economics?

cadbury | Board Of Directors | Corporate Governance corporate governance You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 4 to 32 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 38 to 90 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview


Tony Abbott became leader of which country in 2013?

Tony Abbott: Australia's pugnacious new prime minister - CNN.com Tony Abbott: Australia's pugnacious new prime minister By Peter Shadbolt, CNN Updated 8:46 PM ET, Sat September 7, 2013 Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. JUST WATCHED Victory for Abbott in Australia 02:44 Story highlights Tony Abbott, next Australian prime minister, is well known for his pugnacious style His gaffe-prone campaign has nevertheless been popular with Australian electorate Deflecting accusations of sexism, Abbott has presented himself as unreconstructed male Socially conservative politician is known to hold complex views in some areas of policy The pugnacious style of Tony Abbott, the winner of Australia's election, has played well with the electorate. He may have run a gaffe-prone campaign against the bookish Kevin Rudd, the incumbent Labor prime minister, but his knockabout style, which harkens back to older, safer times, proved popular with an electorate exhausted by years of Labor infighting. Having successfully deflected accusations of sexism -- dismissing a campaign gaffe in which he lauded a Liberal female candidate for her "sex appeal" as a "dad moment" -- Abbott has presented himself as an unreconstructed male who loves his sport and beer. In Australia's current social climate, which some have attacked for being increasingly insular, self-absorbed and xenophobic, Abbott's bruising confrontational style has hit a rich seam. Politics might be a tough profession, but in few places is it as bruising as in Australia where mudslinging and name-calling occur on an almost daily basis. JUST WATCHED Assange runs for Australian senate 02:01 Some exchanges in Australian parliament are almost the stuff of folk legend. Former Prime Minister Paul Keating (1991-96), when pressed to name an election date, told the leader of the opposition he wouldn't reveal the date because, "I want to do you slowly." More recently, the former Australian leader recently ousted Rudd, Julia Gillard gave the opposition a spirited lecture in sexism that went viral and even drew praise from U.S. President Barack Obama. But not since leader of the Labor opposition Mark Latham broke a taxi driver's arm in a dispute over a cab fare in 2001 have Australians had the chance to elect a real brawler as premier. Latham's bid for prime minister failed, but in Abbott, the leader of the Liberal-National Coalition, the country may have found a natural successor. Combative in debate and with the media, Abbott may have shown little of his predecessors' verbal flair -- recent gaffes had him talking about the "suppository," rather than the repository, "of all wisdom" -- but he has displayed the kind of dogged aggression that Australians like to see in their sportsmen. The boxer A former Rhodes Scholar who won an Oxford Blue in boxing, he allegedly punched the wall either side of the head of a female political rival during his student days in the 1970s. Abbott claims the incident "never happened." For one former alumni from his Jesuit secondary school St. Ignatius' College, Riverview, in Sydney, the episode would not have been out of character. "All I remember is his rictus grin and the rolled-up sleeves of his short-sleeved shirt, giving his biceps something to rub up against," the former classmate, who now works in the Hong Kong banking industry, told CNN. "What struck me was the raw emotion he could elicit just by being him. You could pour an enormous bucket on him, and he was not only impervious in terms of being hurt but would grin back at you and give it back -- with compound interest and probably a compound fracture," he added. While Abbott is a polarizing figure to the electorate, the socially conservative politician is known to hold complex views in some areas of policy. He has been known to defend areas of Medicare -- the country's national health system normally championed by the Labor Party -- and even opposed his own party on industrial relations reform, arguing that it was too harsh on workers. Early beginnings Born in Engl


In the modern early 2000s Barclays Bank logo which two letters are joined?

Beginning of the end     Sir Cuthbert was  asked to explain why Martins' shareholders were to get Loan Stock in Barclays  Bank in part replacement of their Martins ordinary shares. The questioner was  protesting at having some of his ordinary shares changed to fixed-interest  stock. Sir Cuthbert explained that the takeï¿½over situation  had inflated the price of Martins shares: a market price of about 21  shillings would have been more realistic. It must be appreciated that  Barclays had to be fair to both their own and Martins' shareholders. The  proportion of Barclays ordinary shares our shareholders were to get was  properly related to Martins' assets and the earning capacity of the capital. With the Scheme of Arrangement approved by an  overwhelming majorï¿½ity of Martins' shareholders the bank had then to seek the  High Court's approval to the Scheme. This would give effect to the merger by  early November. The main executive body within Barï¿½clays Bank comprises five  members of the 'Chair' (the Chairman, two Deputy Chairmen and two Vice-Chairmen)  and the six General Managers. They meet daily in the Chairman's Committee and  act toï¿½gether as a team. Each of the six General Managers is nominally  responsible for specific aspects of the business but all are interchangeable  so that they can act for one another during absences. In this way decisions  are not delayed pending the return of the appropriate General Manager. In addition there are 13 Assistant General  Managers, each with a special sphere of responsibility (lending, automation,  premises, staff, etc.). A number of heads of departments have Assistant  General Manager status: these include the Chief Accountant, Chief Inspector,  Investment Manaï¿½ger, Secretary, Staff Managers and Principal of the Staff  Training Centre. Mr.  John Thomson has been Chairï¿½man of Barclays  Bank since 1962. He was educated at Winchester College and Magdalen College,  Oxford, and joined Barclays' 81 Fleet Street office in 1929. After five years at the Peterï¿½borough Local Head  Office he was appointed a Local Director at Oxford in 1935. His appointment as a director of Barclays Bank came in  1947, Vice-Chairman in 1956 and Deputy Chairï¿½man in 1958.   Mr. Thomson is  married and lives in Oxford. He is closely connected with many charitable  organisations and other activities in the county where he has been  Lord-Lieutenant since 1963. He has also many close ties with Oxford  University. He was a member of the Royal Comï¿½mission on Trade  Unions and Employers' Associations. Mr. Derek Wilde is the bank's senior  General Manager. He joined Barclays in 1929 at Sheffield, where he was  educated at King Edward VII's school, and spent a year on the Local Head  Office staff before moving in 1938 to London and the banks' City Trustee Department.   He continued in the Trustee Department after war service, first  at Birmingham and then at Bournemouth, returning in 1954 to the City Trustee  Office as Manager. Two years later he became Deputy Manager of all Barclays'  Trustee Departments. He left the Trustee side in 1957 to be Deputy Chief  Accountant from which post he became an Assistant General Manager in 1960 and  a General Manager the following year. He has been senior General Manager  since 1966. Mr. Wilde is married and lives  at Penshurst, Kent Barclays' men and  women have a wide range of sporting activities available to them. In London  everyone from the newest junior to the senior manager can take advantage of  the excellently equipped Sports Club through which the Bank takes a proï¿½minent  part in all amateur sports. Individual members of Barclays' staff have won  their places in international and Olympic events.Separate sections cover  football, rugï¿½by, hockey, cricket, netball, golf, athletics, rifle-shooting,  fencing, badï¿½minton, lawn and table tennis, chess, bridge, swimming, motoring  and judo. In addition to large sports grounds at Norbury in south London and  at Haling to the west, a fine boathouse was recent


Which European city failed in 2013 for the third time in succession to win its bid to host the Olympic Games?

Rio de Janeiro Is Awarded 2016 Olympics - The New York Times The New York Times Sports |Rio Wins 2016 Olympics in a First for South America Search Continue reading the main story Photo A gathering at the Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro after the city won the bid to host the 2016 Olympic Games. Credit Lalo de Almeida for The New York Times COPENHAGEN — When Rio de Janeiro was elected host city for the 2016 Olympic Games on Friday, the room where its bid team gathered turned into a boisterous party with members in uniform navy or moss green blazers hugging, dancing, crying and waving Brazilian flags. The bid leader, Carlos Arthur Nuzman, yelled, “We did it! We did it!” Rio and Chicago had gone into the day considered the favorites, ahead of Tokyo and Madrid. But by the time Rio was chosen by the International Olympic Committee to become the first South American city to host the Olympics, the Chicago delegation and its star-studded supporters were nowhere in sight. They had already left the building. Despite the support of President Obama , who flew in specifically to address the I.O.C. voters, Chicago finished last, out of the running in the first round of voting, with a paltry 18 of a total 94 votes. Tokyo received 22, with Rio getting 26 and Madrid 28. In each round, until one city gains a majority, the low vote-getter is eliminated. After Chicago was tossed aside, nearly all of its votes went straight to Rio in the second round. In the third, after Tokyo was eliminated, Rio won handily, 66-32. The chance to bring the Olympics to a continent that had never hosted the Games worked in Rio’s favor. During its presentation, the bid team showed a graphic of the world and marked all the places that have held an Olympics. South America was glaringly bare. Continue reading the main story “There was absolutely no flaw in the bid,” the I.O.C. president, Jacques Rogge, said. Chicago officials had worked nearly four years and spent nearly $50 million to bring the Summer Olympics to the United States for the first time since the 1996 Atlanta Games. There were many possible explanations for Chicago’s spectacular failure, but little consensus. Photo People gathering in downtown Chicago reacted to the announcement that the city had been eliminated from contention for the 2016 Olympics. Credit Tannen Maury/European Pressphoto Agency Some pointed to the regional bloc voting in the treacherous first round. Others said some voters, assuming Chicago was a lock to advance because of the presence of Mr. Obama and his wife, Michelle, might have taken their early votes elsewhere. Many also blamed the rocky relationship between the United States Olympic Committee and the I.O.C. Others said there was no explaining it. “Everybody was shocked at that result,” said Rene Fasel, an I.O.C. member from Switzerland, regarding Chicago’s first-round ouster. “Everybody expected Chicago and Rio, everybody. It was really strange, and I feel really sorry. If it would have been Chicago and Rio in the end, it would have been much closer.” Advertisement Continue reading the main story Anita DeFrantz, one of two I.O.C. members from the United States, said she could not believe how the vote unfolded, particularly after the Obamas’ visit. “I hate the fact that these elegant people were here and then our country got treated that way,” she said. Beyond showing an apparent indifference to the United States’ star power, the I.O.C. vote was interpreted as a repudiation of the U.S.O.C., which has been in upheaval over the past year and has struggled to gain a favorable standing within the I.O.C. “It was a defeat for the U.S.O.C., not for Chicago,” said Denis Oswald, an I.O.C. member from Switzerland. Photo President Barack Obama and Chicago Mayor Richard Daley after addressing the International Olympic Committee meeting in Copenhagen on Friday. Credit Stephen Crowley/The New York Times Mr. Oswald said that 10 to 15 fellow I.O.C. members had approached him recently wanting to discuss issues related to the U.S.O.C. He said that changes in U.S.O.C. leadership “has not help


What three-letter word prefixes these words to create four new words?

A List of 35 Common Prefixes in English A List of 35 Common Prefixes in English A List of 35 Common Prefixes in English Vocabulary Building: Common Prefixes With Definitions and Examples The prefix uni- means "one," as in unicorn (literally "one horn"), unison ("one sound"), and uniform ("one shape").  (PraxisPhotography/Getty Images) If you were a prefix, you could change the same word in different ways. You could make a cycle a unicycle, a bicycle, or a tricycle. (Marcie Aboff and Sara Gray, If You Were a Prefix. Picture Window Books, 2008) A prefix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the beginning of a word  (or word root ) that partly indicates its meaning . For example, the word prefix itself begins with the prefix pre-, which generally means "before" or "in front of." Many of today's English words contain prefixes from Greek or Latin. Understanding the meanings of the most common prefixes can help us deduce the meanings of new words that we run across in our reading. Still, we do need to be careful: the same prefix may be spelled in more than one way (pre- and pro-, for instance), and some prefixes (such as in-) have more than one meaning (in this case, "not" and "into"). Even so, being able to recognize prefixes can help us build our vocabularies . The following table (in some browsers, just below the ads) defines and illustrates 35 common prefixes. continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance Common Prefixes


What resin is secreted by India's female Kerria lacca insect, used in old 78rpm records and a cosmetic nail treatment?

Shellac | Wiki | 📖 Everipedia Embed / Widget 24           VIEWS Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug , on trees in the forests of India and Thailand. It is processed and sold as dry flakes (pictured) and dissolved in ethanol to make liquid shellac, which is used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze and wood finish . Shellac functions as a tough natural primer , sanding sealant , tannin -blocker, odour -blocker, stain , and high-gloss varnish . Shellac was once used in electrical applications as it possesses good insulation qualities and it seals out moisture. Phonograph ( gramophone ) records were also made of it during the 78-rpm recording era which ended in Western countries during the 1950s. From the time it replaced oil and wax finishes in the 19th century, shellac was one of the dominant wood finishes in the western world until it was largely replaced by nitrocellulose lacquer in the 1920s and 1930s. Etymology Shellac comes from shell and lac , a calque of French laque en écailles, "lac in thin pieces", later gomme-laque, "gum lac". [2] Most European languages (except Romance ones and Greek) have borrowed the word for the substance from English or from the German equivalent Schellack. Production Shellac is scraped from the bark of the trees where the female lac bug, Kerria lacca (Order Hemiptera, Family Kerriidae ), also known as Laccifer lacca, secretes it to form a tunnel-like tube as it traverses the branches of the tree. Though these tunnels are sometimes referred to as " cocoons ", they are not literally cocoons in the entomological sense. [3] This insect is in the same Superfamily as the insect from which cochineal is obtained. The insects suck the sap of the tree and excrete " sticklac " almost constantly. The least coloured shellac is produced when the insects feed on the kusum tree ( Schleichera ). The number of lac bugs required to produce 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of shellac has variously been estimated as 50,000, 200,000, [4] or 300,000. [5] [6] The root word lakh is a South Asian unit for 100,000 and presumably refers to the huge numbers of insects that swarm on host trees, up to 150 per square inch. The raw shellac, which contains bark shavings and lac bugs removed during scraping, is placed in canvas tubes (much like long socks) and heated over a fire. This causes the shellac to liquify, and it seeps out of the canvas, leaving the bark and bugs behind. The thick, sticky shellac is then dried into a flat sheet and broken into flakes, or dried into "buttons" (pucks/cakes), then bagged and sold. The end-user then crushes it into a fine powder and mixes it with ethyl alcohol prior to use, to dissolve the flakes and make liquid shellac. Liquid shellac has a limited shelf life (about 1 year), hence it is sold in dry form for dissolution prior to use. Liquid shellac sold in hardware stores is often marked with the production (mixing) date, so the consumer can know whether the shellac inside is still good. Some manufacturers (e.g., Zinsser) have ceased labeling shellac with the production date but the production date may be discernible from the production lot code. Alternatively, old shellac may be tested to see if it is still usable: a few drops on glass should quickly dry to a hard surface. Shellac that remains tacky for a long time is no longer usable. Storage life depends on peak temperature, so refrigeration extends shelf life. The thickness (concentration) of shellac is measured by the unit "pound cut", referring to the amount (in pounds) of shellac flakes dissolved in a gallon of denatured alcohol. For example: a 1-lb. cut of shellac is the strength obtained by dissolving one pound of shellac flakes in a gallon of alcohol. Most pre-mixed commercial preparations come at a 3-lb. cut. Multiple thin layers of shellac produce a significantly better end result than a few thick layers. Thick layers of shellac do not adhere to the substrate or to each other well, and thus can peel off with relative ease; in addition, thick shellac will obscure fine details in carved designs in wood and other sub


Which corporation acquired Nokia in 2013?

Microsoft to acquire Nokia’s devices & services business, license Nokia’s patents and mapping services | News Center Microsoft to acquire Nokia’s devices & services business, license Nokia’s patents and mapping services Posted 0 REDMOND, Washington and ESPOO, Finland – Sept. 3, 2013 – Microsoft Corporation and Nokia Corporation today announced that the Boards of Directors for both companies have decided to enter into a transaction whereby Microsoft will purchase substantially all of Nokia’s Devices & Services business, license Nokia’s patents, and license and use Nokia’s mapping services. Under the terms of the agreement, Microsoft will pay EUR 3.79 billion to purchase substantially all of Nokia’s Devices & Services business, and EUR 1.65 billion to license Nokia’s patents, for a total transaction price of EUR 5.44 billion in cash. Microsoft will draw upon its overseas cash resources to fund the transaction. The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2014, subject to approval by Nokia’s shareholders, regulatory approvals and other closing conditions. Building on the partnership with Nokia announced in February 2011 and the increasing success of Nokia’s Lumia smartphones, Microsoft aims to accelerate the growth of its share and profit in mobile devices through faster innovation, increased synergies, and unified branding and marketing. For Nokia, this transaction is expected to be significantly accretive to earnings, strengthen its financial position, and provide a solid basis for future investment in its continuing businesses. “It’s a bold step into the future – a win-win for employees, shareholders and consumers of both companies. Bringing these great teams together will accelerate Microsoft’s share and profits in phones, and strengthen the overall opportunities for both Microsoft and our partners across our entire family of devices and services,” said Steve Ballmer, Microsoft chief executive officer. “In addition to their innovation and strength in phones at all price points, Nokia brings proven capability and talent in critical areas such as hardware design and engineering, supply chain and manufacturing management, and hardware sales, marketing and distribution.” “We are excited and honored to be bringing Nokia’s incredible people, technologies and assets into our Microsoft family. Given our long partnership with Nokia and the many key Nokia leaders that are joining Microsoft, we anticipate a smooth transition and great execution,” Ballmer said. “With ongoing share growth and the synergies across marketing, branding and advertising, we expect this acquisition to be accretive to our adjusted earnings per share starting in FY15, and we see significant long-term revenue and profit opportunities for our shareholders.” “For Nokia, this is an important moment of reinvention and from a position of financial strength, we can build our next chapter,” said Risto Siilasmaa, Chairman of the Nokia Board of Directors and, following today’s announcement, Nokia Interim CEO. “After a thorough assessment of how to maximize shareholder value, including consideration of a variety of alternatives, we believe this transaction is the best path forward for Nokia and its shareholders. Additionally, the deal offers future opportunities for many Nokia employees as part of a company with the strategy, financial resources and determination to succeed in the mobile space.” “Building on our successful partnership, we can now bring together the best of Microsoft’s software engineering with the best of Nokia’s product engineering, award-winning design, and global sales, marketing and manufacturing,” said Stephen Elop, who following today’s announcement is stepping aside as Nokia President and CEO to become Nokia Executive Vice President of Devices & Services. “With this combination of talented people, we have the opportunity to accelerate the current momentum and cutting-edge innovation of both our smart devices and mobile phone products.” Nokia has outlined its expected focus upon the closing of the transaction in a separate press


A 'Passion Play' is a dramatic work about whose life?

Drama - definition of drama by The Free Dictionary Drama - definition of drama by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/drama n. 1. a. A prose or verse composition, especially one telling a serious story, that is intended for representation by actors impersonating the characters and performing the dialogue and action. b. A serious narrative work or program for television, radio, or the cinema. 2. Theatrical plays of a particular kind or period: Elizabethan drama. 3. The art or practice of writing or producing dramatic works. 4. A situation or succession of events in real life having the dramatic progression or emotional effect characteristic of a play: the drama of the prisoner's escape and recapture. 5. The quality or condition of being dramatic: a summit meeting full of drama. [Late Latin drāma, drāmat-, from Greek, from drān, to do, perform.] drama (ˈdrɑːmə) n 1. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) a work to be performed by actors on stage, radio, or television; play 2. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) the genre of literature represented by works intended for the stage 3. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) the art of the writing and production of plays 4. a situation or sequence of events that is highly emotional, tragic, or turbulent [C17: from Late Latin: a play, from Greek: something performed, from drān to do] dra•ma (ˈdrɑ mə, ˈdræm ə) n., pl. -mas. 1. a prose or verse composition presenting in dialogue and action a story involving conflict or contrast of characters, intended to be performed on the stage; play. 2. dramatic art or literature in general. 3. any event or series of events having vivid, conflicting elements that capture one's interest. 4. the quality of being dramatic. [1505–15; < Late Latin < Greek drâma consequential act, action (of a play) =drâ(n) to do + -ma n. suffix of result] Drama (in ancient Greek choral odes) 1. the response made to a preceding strophe, while the chorus is moving from left to right. 2. the movement of the chorus. Cf. strophe. See also verse . — antistrophic, antistrophal, adj. epilogue 1. the final section of a literary work, often added by way of explanation, comment, etc. 2. a closing speech in a play, often delivered after the completion of the main action. — epilogistic, adj. 1. Greek Drama, the catastrophe or conclusion of a play. 2. Roman Drama, a comical or satirical piece added at the end of a play. melodrama 1. a sensational drama with events and emotions extravagantly expressed. 2. an opera or a stage play with songs and music, often of a romantic nature. — melodramatic, adj. a mania for the theater. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. drama - a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage; "he wrote several plays but only one was produced on Broadway" drama - the literary genre of works intended for the theater stage direction - an instruction written as part of the script of a play dramatic composition , dramatic work - a play for performance on the stage or television or in a movie etc. Grand Guignol - a play of a macabre or horrific nature theater of the absurd - plays stressing the irrational or illogical aspects of life, usually to show that modern life is pointless; "Samuel Beckett and Eugene Ionesco have written plays for the theater of the absurd" playlet - a short play act - a subdivision of a play or opera or ballet miracle play - a medieval play representing episodes from the life of a saint or martyr morality play - an allegorical play popular in the 15th and 16th centuries; characters personified virtues and vices mystery play - a medieval play representing episodes from the life of Christ Passion play - a play representing the Passion of Christ satyr play - an ancient Greek burlesque with a chorus of satyrs 2. dramatic event episode - a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events night terror - an emotional episode (usually in young children) in which the person awakens in terror with feelings of anxiety and fear but is unable to remember any incident that might have provoked those


The Gear is a 2013 smart-wristwatch product innovation of which corporation?

2013 Smartwatch Comparison Guide 2013 Smartwatch Comparison Guide View gallery - 24 images Is it worth buying a smartwatch this holiday season? Or are you better off waiting for Apple and Google to enter the race? Well, though the product category is still evolving, we've enjoyed our time with most of the early smartwatches we've reviewed. Let's line some of them up, compare their features and specs, and see if it's worth pulling the trigger. Update: the watches in this post are gathering cobwebs. For the most up-to-date group of watches, you can hit up our updated Smartwatch Comparison Guide for 2014 . Meet the smartwatches There really aren't that many smartwatches available just yet. But the nice thing about the early stages of a product's evolution is that you have huge companies sitting side-by-side with scrappy young startups. We think our group is a great reflection of that: Pebble Qualcomm Toq Martian Before we jump in, keep in mind that the Martian smartwatch comes in two other flavors, but for simplicity's sake, we're focusing on the Passport model. Besides some minor size and weight differences, the biggest difference is the watch's look. Also note that we're leaving out wrist-based fitness trackers, like the Jawbone Up , Nike Fuelband, and Fitbit Force . There's a little overlap there, but this guide is about the watches that have a broader focus. Standalone smartwatch? Just to be crystal clear about what we're dealing with here, none of these watches do diddly-squat on their own. You'll need to pair each of them with a compatible smartphone, or else there won't be anything "smart" about it. These are smartphone accessories, not smartphone replacements. Android compatibility All of these watches are compatible with at least some Android phones. Four of the five will work with just about any semi-recent Android handset. Each phone has its own companion app that you can download, usually from the Play Store. The most limited is Samsung's Galaxy Gear, which is only compatible with a few Samsung phones. It syncs up with the Galaxy Note 3 , along with Galaxy S4s and S3s that have been updated to Android 4.3. Not every carrier has pushed that update yet, so be sure to double check your version before plunking down for the Gear. iPhone compatibility Quite a different picture for iPhone pairing, as only the Pebble and Martian smartwatches play nicely with Apple's handset. They each have App Store apps that will send some of your iPhone's smarts to your wrist. Android notifications Notifications are one of the biggest perks of having a smartwatch. Most of our watches will push all of your Android phone's notifications to your watch, vibrating your wrist. The only caveat here is that full Android notifications with Pebble and the Sony SW2 require third-party apps from the Play Store. iPhone notifications Pebble was recently updated to push all of your iPhone's notifications to the watch. Martian's iOS notifications are limited to calls, text messages, calendar events, reminders, Facebook and Twitter, and (non-push) email. Martian tells us that a future update, though, will expand that to all of your phone's alerts. Voice assistant This is the Martian watch's killer feature, as it supports Siri on iOS and Google Now on Android. The watch acts like a Bluetooth headset, letting you use your voice to do things like send messages and emails, set reminders, check the weather, make reservations, get sports scores, and much more. Samsung has its own S Voice assistant baked into the Galaxy Gear, but it isn't on the same level. S Voice is basically a lackluster Siri knockoff, and the Galaxy Gear version is even more limited than the full version found on Samsung phones. We think voice is the most logical and natural way of interacting with a smartwatch (and probably any wearable computer). In that respect, the Martian watch is, for the moment, in a league of its own. Size These are the dimensions for each watch's face. The Galaxy Gear is the biggest, but they're all somewhat big and beefy. For that reason, we think this first ba


In the early 2010s which country was judged to have the world's biggest oil reserves given the viability of the Orinoco River Belt heavy crude deposits?

I Am So Tired of Malthus | Watts Up With That? Watts Up With That? The world's most viewed site on global warming and climate change Menu Willis Eschenbach / September 8, 2010 Guest Post by Willis Eschenbach Daily we are deluged with gloom about how we are overwhelming the Earth’s ability to sustain and support our growing numbers. Increasing population is again being hailed as the catastrophe of the century. In addition, floods and droughts are said to be leading to widespread crop loss. The erosion of topsoil is claimed to be affecting production. It is said that we are overdrawing our resources, with more people going hungry. Paul Ehrlich and the late Stephen Schneider assure us that we are way past the tipping point, that widespread starvation is unavoidable. Is this true? Is increasing hunger inevitable for our future? Are we really going downhill? Are climate changes (natural or anthropogenic) making things worse for the poorest of the poor? Are we running out of food? Is this what we have to face? Figure 1. The apocalyptic future envisioned by climate alarmists. Image Source Fortunately, we have real data regarding this question. The marvelous online resource, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics database called FAOSTAT , has data on the amount of food that people have to eat. Per capita (average per person) food consumption is a good measure of the welfare of a group of people because it is a broad-based indicator. Some kinds of measurements can be greatly skewed by a few outliers. Per capita wealth is an example. Since one person can be a million times wealthier than another person, per capita wealth can be distorted by a few wealthy individuals. But no one can eat a million breakfasts per day. If the per capita food consumption goes up, it must perforce represent a broad-based change in the food consumption of a majority of the population. This makes it a good measure for our purposes. The FAOSTAT database gives values for total food consumption in calories per day, as well as for protein and fat consumption in grams per day. (Fat in excess is justly maligned in the Western diet, but it is a vital component of a balanced diet, and an important dietary indicator.) Here is the change over the last fifty years: Figure 2. Consumption of calories, protein, and fat as a global average (thin lines), and for the “LDCs”, the Least Developed Countries (thick lines) . See Appendix 1 for a list of LDCs. To me, that simple chart represents an amazing accomplishment. What makes it amazing is that from 1960 to 2000, the world population doubled. It went from three billion to six billion. Simply to stay even, we needed to double production of all foodstuffs. We did that, we doubled global production, and more. The population in the LDCs grew even faster, it has more than tripled since 1961. But their food consumption stayed at least even until the early 1990s. And since then, food consumption has improved across the board for the LDCs. Here’s the bad news for the doomsayers. At this moment in history, humans are better fed than at any time in the past. Ever. The rich are better fed. The middle class is better fed. The poor, and even the poorest of the poor are better fed than ever in history. Yes, there’s still a heap of work left to do. Yes, there remain lots of real issues out there. But while we are fighting the good fight, let’s remember that we are better fed than we have ever been, and take credit for an amazing feat. We have doubled the population and more, and yet we are better fed than ever. And in the process, we have proven, once and for all, that Malthus, Ehrlich, and their ilk were and are wrong. A larger population doesn’t necessarily mean less to eat. Of course despite being proven wrong for the nth time, it won’t be the last we hear of the ineluctable Señor Malthus. He’s like your basic horror film villain, incapable of being killed even with a stake through the heart at a crossroads at midnight … or the last we hear of Paul Ehrlich, for that matter. He’s never been right yet, so why should


In music the term descant (or discant) normally refers to a melody or instrument in what range?

HIstory 4 at Royal Conservatory of Music - StudyBlue StudyBlue Size: 158 Views: 30 Gregorian Chant Plainchant/plainsong , scared music of the medieval church, function music, named after Pope Gregory I, written in Latin, free verse and many time rhythm was not strict. Written in neumes Neumes  - Chant is written in neumes - No meter - Chant is written on 4 line staff instead of 5 - Neumes indicate the direction of music and some indication of duration Advertisement ) Liturgy - is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group, according to its particular traditions Monophonic texture: Single line of unaccompanied melody Polyphonic texture: ·      Syllabic text setting: style of chant which set one note to each syllable of text Neumatic text setting: words were held longer by means of two to four notes per syllable Melismatic: - Words are stretch out over a series of notes - This method became popular in opera Middle Ages The solo passage in the gradual of Mass Respond:  The answer (response) to the verse by the choir Gradual The name of the fourth part of the Mass Proper, performed in a responsorial style. Its text is Proper, which means that it has different texts for different times of the church year. It is followed by Alleluia in the Mass Modes: A series of notes into which the octave is divided according to specific systems Haec Dies Chant: what was it written in? - written in neumes - texts for masses were usually handed down through the church - Haec Dies is from a Psalm: Haec est dies quam fecit Dominus meaning “this is the day that the Lord has made” - There is no strict time signature or melody (it’s a Haec Dies Chant: 2)What language? and what does it mean? 3)Who wrote it? When was it written: Medieval period Who was it written by: Anonymous Title: Haec Dies Chant (Latin) means “this is the day” Advertisement Harmonic Minor Scale: Raise the 7 (Leading Tone) Melodic Minor: Raise the 6 & 7 Locrian (b-b) - known for her written work - was a visionary, poet, composer, naturalist, healer and theologian - her music vaults up and down - she wrote the first musical play ever "Ordo Virtutum" meaning play of the virtues -collection of songs called "Symphony of the harmony of heavenly revelation Organum: the earliest form of polyphony in the medieval ages (a second line added on top of the original plainchant), this style was associated with the Notre Dame School of composers Polyphonic texture multiple different melodic lines performed simultaneously Organal Style: aka Florid Organum An organum in which the TENOR sings the original chant melody (in very long notes), while the upper voices move more freely and rapidly above. - common to Léonin and Pérotin's descant (discant) style Descant (discant): -Early form of harmony which developed from organum -The descant was formed by adding additional part(s) to the tenor differing from organum as the marts moved not only in parallel motion but also in contrary -All voices move at approximately the same speed in descant Cantus firmus -composer born in Paris lived approximately 1135-1201 - received training at Notre Dame School - He later became a priest of Notre Dame -Léonin’s major contribution to music was collection of organum with two part settings of portions of the mass known as Magnus Liber Organi (latin for “great book”) Pérotin (Perotinus) - student of Léonin -Made important revisions to Léonin’s Magnus liber organi and developed some ideas of his own polyphony -He added a third and fourth vocal part, he named the parts ‘duplum, triplum, quadruplum’, all written above the original chant -Considered the leader of the Notre Dame school, wrote in the style of music called Ars Antique (Old Art) he was the choirmaster of the chapel at Notre Dame Cathedral - fame rest on two settings of the graduals for Christmas and St. Stephen in four part    Haec Dies Organum Text setting: Melismatic Haec Dies Organum: - Notre Dame style of organum is two parts melody in the bottom voice and upper voice moving fast and freely, both voices same text -written in approximat


An oligarchy describes a leadership group comprising people who are?

Forms of Government: Monarchy, Democracy, Oligarchy & More - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com Forms of Government: Monarchy, Democracy, Oligarchy & More Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today An error occurred trying to load this video. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. You must create an account to continue watching Register for a free trial Are you a student or a teacher? I am a student Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you             succeed. Coming up next: Political Power: Political Parties, Interest Groups & Political Action Committees (PACs) You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds 0:05 Power Defined Add to Add to Add to Want to watch this again later? Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to    track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. Teachers Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. Students Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. From any lesson page: Click "Add to" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. From your dashboard: Click on the "Custom Courses" tab, then click "Create course". Next, go to any lesson page and begin     adding lessons. Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. Personalize: Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. Organize: Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. Teacher Edition: Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the "Teacher" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to     assign.     Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your "Teacher" tab. Premium Edition: You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the     entire course. Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days! Lesson Transcript Instructor: Melissa Hurst The governance of nations differs significantly based on who has power. This lesson will differentiate five forms of government: monarchy, democracy, oligarchy, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism. Power Defined Sociology is the study of human social behavior, human development, organizations, and institutions. In order to better understand those institutions and how humans are organized, it is important to understand how societies are governed. This lesson will discuss and differentiate between the five main forms of power, or government, utilized in past and present societies: monarchy, democracy, oligarchy, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism. Boy: Whoa, what's going on in that county? Girl: It looks like they aren't happy with their government. Boy: Why wouldn't they be happy? Can't they elect their leaders and play a role in their government? Girl: No! There are many forms of government in which people have no say in any matters, private or public. All societies are established under some form of power or government. The well-known sociologist Max Weber defined power as the ability to achieve goals even if some people in the society hold differing opinions and goals. Power takes on different forms in different societies. Let me tell you about the five basic forms of government. Monarchy Let's begin with monarchy. Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century. Monarchy is a form of government in which a single family rules from generation to generation. The power, or sovereignty, is personified in a single individual. There are two main types of monarchy that differ ba


What tool has a grind, spine, fuller and ricasso?

Survival Knife Blade Design & Type Survivalist Tutorials » Survival Knife Blade Design & Type Survival Knife Blade Design & Type Survival Knives: Blade Design There are thousands of blade designs – wandering through a well-stocked knife shop or website can be bewildering. The design of a blade is supposed to be the result of intended function. It’s ‘supposed’ because with knives as other things, form doesn’t always follow function. Sometimes aesthetics or custom is at work, for example, in the so-called blood groove (a fuller or cannelure), which is meant to channel blood from a hunting or skinning blade, but is sometimes added to other types of knives for appearance. Other times, it’s the marketing department, which believes that wicked looking serrations on the knife make it more likely to appeal to a certain kind of customer. Fortunately, for survival knives there are two bedrock design qualities – versatility and strength. Looking at the aspects of blade design, we’ll keep in mind these two qualities and how they influence blade design selection. Length – As mentioned elsewhere, a prime characteristic of a survival knife is a full tang, meaning that the blade steel extends, at more or less the same width and thickness, all the way from the point to the butt. This being the case, the length of a survival knife is blade length plus the tang. Among knife aficionados, you can always get an argument about the optimum blade design length, but the most common recommendations are a blade length between 4 and 10 inches. Lean shorter if you’re idea of a survival knife includes more fine cutting (such as whittling or skinning) or longer if batoning wood is more likely. The handle should be long enough to comfortably fit your hand. Keep in mind; any knife with a total length around 12 inches or more may begin to be a problem for wearing and handling. Thickness – While not the only factor (see the article Survival Knives 101: Blade steel), the thickness of the blade design is obviously critical to the strength of the knife. Of course, in general, the thicker the blade, the stronger but the trade-off is weight. Most survival knives are in the range of 5/32” to 1/4″ (4-6.35mm, 0.1563”- 0.2500”), with the emphasis on the thicker end. Thickness as a factor varies a great deal among manufacturers. Blade Design: Point Type For a survival knife, the point (or tip) needs to be sharp enough to penetrate tough surfaces, even leather, strong enough not to break when used for prying and tough enough to resist serious wear in uses such as digging. This usually means the points of most survival knives favor thicker designs. There are many blade point designs and with each almost unlimited variations; here are four of the most common: Drop-Point – This point features a gradual and convex curve that drops from the spine to the point. It’s probably the most common design for survival knives because of its strength and ease of sheathing. Clip-Point – The reverse of the drop point, where the curve is concave from the spine to point like metal was ‘clipped’ out of the blade. This is a common design for survival blades. Spear-Point – Like the name says, designed for spearing, with symmetrical convex curves from spine and belly. Since spearing is just one of dozens survival knife uses, this point is specialized. Tanto-Point – Points of this kind have many variations but all feature one or more straight edges to the point. The design is optimized for fighting and tactical uses. Blade Design: Edge Type  Like all knives, a survival knife has two edges: spine and cutting, but the spine edge is almost never sharpened. In fact, the spine edge for survival knives should be flattened (squared-off) for a better striking surface. For the most part, the cutting edge is what a knife is about, so it’s worth understanding a bit of detail when looking at survival knife edges. Straight – A smooth cutting, which isn’t necessarily “straight” as it usually has curves, especially a belly. Partially Serrated – A portion of the blade design near the handle may have serrati


Obsidian Obsidian By Jim Miller, B.Sc., M.Sc. Geology*   Obsidian...even the name is exotic. Ever since I had my first rock collection as a child, I've loved obsidian. Sharp and shiny, obsidian is so different from other rocks. But until a few years ago when I made my first obsidian collecting trip to Glass Buttes, Oregon, I thought obsidian was pretty much just black glass. That amazing trip really opened my eyes. The ancient volcanic hills called Glass Buttes hold a dazzling variety of gem-quality obsidian, including: mahogany, red, flame, midnight lace, jet black, pumpkin, brown, rainbow, gold sheen, silver sheen, green, lizard skin, snowflake and more. My goal in this article is to increase your awareness of some of the more fascinating aspects of this incredible stone.   matrix . When I say "crystals," don't visualize those beautiful pointed prisms of quartz found in geodes. All rocks consist of mixtures of various crystalline minerals.  When crystallization occurs, the atoms that comprise a mineral become arranged in regular, geometric patterns that are unique to the specific mineral. Crystal faces form only where there is enough open space in the rock mass to allow the natural geometric forms of the crystals to develop as free faces. Granite is composed entirely of intergrown crystals of quartz, feldspar, mica and other minerals. These relatively large mineral crystals (easily visible to the naked eye) give granite a rough surface.   Like all glass and some other types of naturally occurring rocks, obsidian breaks with a characteristic "conchoidal" fracture. This smooth, curved type of fracture surface occurs because of the near-absence of mineral crystals in the glass. The intersections of conchoidal fracture surfaces can be sharper than a razor. This had obvious advantages for our Stone Age ancestors, who used obsidian extensively for tool making.   rhyolite , which also were originally molten. Because obsidian is not comprised of mineral crystals, technically obsidian is not a true "rock." It is really a congealed liquid with minor amounts of microscopic mineral crystals and rock impurities. Obsidian is relatively soft with a typical of 5 to 5.5 on the mineral hardness scale. In comparison, quartz (crystallized silicon dioxide) has a hardness of 7.0.   Obsidian occurs only where geologic processes create volcanoes and where the chemical composition of the magma is rich in silica. Obsidian-bearing volcanoes are typically located in or near areas of crustal instability or mountain building. In North America, obsidian is found only in localized areas of the West, where the processes of plate tectonics have created geologic conditions favorable to volcanism and the of obsidian. Obsidian typically forms near the end of a volcanic cycle and is often associated with domes of volcanic rock, such as the hills of Glass Buttes, Oregon.   If obsidian is similar in composition to granite and rhyolite, both of which were originally molten, then why is obsidian glassy? The answer relates to the original cooling rate and water content of the magma. Granite cools very slowly miles below the surface of the earth; this slow cooling over millions of years allows for the formation of sizable mineral crystals within the slowly cooling mass of molten rock. Rhyolite typically cools more rapidly near the earth's surface and contains smaller mineral crystals than granite.  When rhyolite magma approaches the earth's surface and the pressure of burial decreases, most of the water in the magma is lost as steam. The resulting silica-rich magma with little remaining water becomes very viscous (thick and pasty) obsidian magma. This magma is so viscous that sizable mineral crystals cannot grow before chilling of the magma "freezes" crystal development.   Some obsidian is erupted as lava flows at the ground surface. These surface flows are so viscous that they flow very slowly. One article I read indicated that "an ant could probably outrun an obsidian , a glassy, bubble-rich


The German surname Müller refers to what occupation?

German Surnames ï¿½ Their Meaning & Origin 4.ï¿½ Miscellaneous, such as nicknames, personal  characteristics, abnormalities etc.   Part Two - Military Roots  In the previous segment, we saw that the olden German name was  a single name, composed of two syllables with each syllable representing a  root and each root having a specific meaning. Root classifications are mainly  Military, Terrain, Professional and Personal Characteristics (miscellaneous).  In this part, a look will be taken at names having at least one Military  Root. The early Germans lived in a tribal and agricultural  culture, but they also loved war. Cornelius Tacitus, a renowned Roman  historian (55-120 AD) wrote in 98 AD that "the Germans were a rough,  warlike barbarian people". (Tacitus recorded his observations on German  life and customs in one of his histories titled, " Germania " which is frequently quoted in numerous reference books.)ï¿½ The German men hunted, fished and made war,  and although the women tended the fields and cared for family needs, the  German men had an extremely high respect for their womenfolk.ï¿½ This respect was mutual and the women often  accompanied their men to the battle site and performed as "cheerleaders" from the sidelines. Early German women also had  military names; not that they participated in the actual fighting, but so  they could pass along military virtues to their sons. Tribal battles were  generally fought for three reasons: feuds, booty and for the acquisition and  settlement of new lands. North and central Germany had no natural barriers to protect the east and west boundaries, such as that  provided by the Alps in the south. Thus,  armies could easily flow from east to west and west to east and, flow they  did! From the west came the Celts, Romans, Gauls, and Franks. From the east  came the Huns, Vandals, Goths (Visigoths and Ostrogoths), Langobards, and  Burgundians, to name a few of the more familiar invaders. With all the military  action through the centuries, it is easily concluded that the earliest German  names would be predominantly military ones, and studies such as Dr. Jones  recorded in his book, "German American Names", proved this to be  the case. Military names consisted of roots designating anything  military such as weapons, military  virtues, predatory birds and animals, victory, rule, fortresses, treasure,  etc.ï¿½ ï¿½Battleï¿½ furnished the root,ï¿½ ï¿½Gundï¿½; battleground, ï¿½walï¿½; battle axe, "bart"; spear, "ger"; sword, "eckeï¿½, ï¿½bilï¿½, ï¿½brandï¿½,  or ï¿½schwerd"; and helmet, "helm"; eagle, "arn";  raven, "ram"; bear, "berï¿½; boar, "ebur"; lion, "leuewï¿½, ï¿½leon"; stag, "hirsch"; victory, "sieg"; fortress, "burg"; rule, "waldï¿½, rich;  treasure, "od"; courage, "mut";  determination, "wille"; strong, "hart"; power, "macht"; etc. Very little is known of German warriors earlier than 120 BC  except for that related in epics, eddas and sagas; however, some information  was preserved by Roman historians along with observations and comments by  Julius Caesar, prior to Tacitus's writing  of his "Germania" history. It is known that Julius Caesar  (102 - 44 BC) recruited German  cavalrymen from the German tribes, as they were expert horsemen. Such  horsemen were named, "Reiters" or "Reuters" (in the  Middle Ages, knights were named "Ritters", a name reserved for the  gentry). The German fighters were mostly armed with a shield, ("lindï¿½,  ï¿½randï¿½, ï¿½schildï¿½), a spear ("ger"), axe ("bart") and  sometimes a sword ("ecke"). During the Bronze Age, German smiths  were excellent artisans and crafted magnificent, beautiful swords and battle  axes. Since bronze had to be imported, few such swords or battle axes were  carried as a result of their costliness; thus, spearmen outnumbered  swordsmen. This is also seen from the list of "Towpath" names below where "spear" names outnumber the "sword" names 6-4. The expertise of the German smiths did not carry over from the  Bronze Age, (1800-800 BC) into the early years of the Iron Age, (10


Sea Urchin Sea Urchin Heather Dunlap and Tara Monaghan Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window A sea urchin, bottom side up, found in Croatia. There are more than 700 different species of sea urchins. Classification of the Sea Urchin Kingdom: Anamalia Class: Echinoidea General Description A sea urchin found in Sangenjo, Galicia, Spain.        Note the tube feet sticking out between the spines. © 2005 Janek Pfeifer Sea urchins are sea creatures that live in oceans all over the world.  Similar to sea stars , sea urchins have a water vascular system. Their spherical shape is typically small, ranging from about 3 cm to 10 cm in diameter, and their bodies are covered with a spiny shell. The skeleton of a sea urchin is also known as the test. The shells within the test of these creatures are made up of packed, fitted plates which protect them from being damaged.  As for the spines outlining their shell, these are movable and help the sea urchin to camouflage or protect itself from predators. Sea urchins can vary greatly in colour.  Some of the most frequently seen colours are black, red, brown, purple and light pink.  On the bottom side of a sea urchin there are five teeth that these organisms use to ingest algae and break down other foods they consume to survive. These five teeth continually grow throughout the sea urchin’s life.  On the outside of their body, they also have hundreds of transparent tubes that emerge which allow them to stick to the bottom of the ocean or to move at a very slow pace.  These unusual tubes are called “tube feet.”  Their tube feet are much longer than the spines outlining their shells and they are also used by the sea urchin to trap food and in respiration.    Reproductive Characteristics Sea urchins are sexually reproducing organisms.  First millions of eggs are released by the females and they unite and fuse with the sperms released by the males.  The unification of the jelly-coated egg and the tiny sperm usually occurs outside the female’s body; however in some rare cases the fertilization will take place within the female’s body.  Once the fertilization of the gametes occurs, a larva is formed.  This larva is also known as a pluteus.  The sex of the larva is impossible to distinguish until it itself begins to release either eggs or sperms during its adulthood.  The average size of the eggs that female sea urchins produce is about 100-150 microns, and the average size of the sperms is about 1×5 microns plus the tail.  The time that adult sea urchins start reproducing is during the ages of 2-5 years.  Habitat Sea urchins can be found all over the world in all oceans, warm or cold water.  They live in a variety of environments in many different parts of the world.  Some common places they live are in rock pools and mud, on wave-exposed rocks, on coral reefs in kelp forests and in sea grass beds.  Sea urchins also commonly lodge themselves half way into the surface of sand, mud or holes.  This way they can be protected from large waves or currents.  Sea urchins also live in areas where they can find sources of algae, sea grass, seaweed and other foods they can consume.  One other very important characteristic of the sea urchin is that it is nocturnal.  Sea urchins will usually hide in holes or crevasses during the day and only feed at night.  A common place to find a sea urchin as well is in coral reefs.  Examples of where sea urchins are very commonly found are on the reefs of Hawaii, of the Caribbean and of Australia. Adaptations to the Environment Sea urchins have several adaptations to help them survive.  To protect themselves from predators, sea urchins will react immediately if something sharp touches their shell and they will point all of their spines towards the area being poked.  They are also light-sensitive.  This is why they are nocturnal.  This light sensitivity also allows sea urchins to move their spines in reaction to shadows.  In order to protect themselves from being swept away from the powerful ocean currents and waves, sea urchins lodge themselv


What is the traditional English word best describing Gnocchi in Italian cuisine?

Italian Cooking Glossary : Recipes and Cooking : Food Network Italian Cooking Glossary Navigate Italian markets and menus with confidence and ease. Category: Glossary of Italian Foods and Food Terms Acciuga: Anchovy. Aceto Balsamico: Balsamic vinegar, a sweet-and-sour, dark-brown vinegar traditionally made in Modena. The vinegar is made from the cooked juice of Trebbiano grapes, and aged for several years in a succession of different wood barrels. Real balsamic vinegar reads aceto balsamico tradizionale di Modena on the label and is quite expensive. In the supermarket, you will find aceto balsamico de Modena, which is not made by the same method at all; it is simply a sweetened wine vinegar but fine for use in Italian cuisine. Affumicato: Smoked; used to refer to smoked meats and fish. Agrodolce: Sweet and sour. Al Dente: Italians cook pasta "al dente," which means "to the tooth," meaning that it still has a little bite. Al Forno: In the oven. All'aglio e Olio: A dish with this name is made with garlic and oil. A famous, easy-to-make pasta dish is spaghetti all'aglio e olio. Antipasto: A little something that is served before the meal, or as an appetizer. Arista: Loin of pork. Arrabbiata: A tomato sauce flavored with chili to make it spicy (Giada's Stuffed Shells with Arrabbiata Sauce). Biscotti: Means "twice-cooked" and refers to a type of cookie for which the dough is cooked twice: usually first in a log, which is then sliced; the slices are cooked again until dry and crisp. Bistecca: Steak, usually beef, but can also refer to pork or veal. Bocconcini: Means a bite-sized piece of food. You're likely to see it referring to small balls of fresh mozzarella cheese. Alla Bolognese: Means in the style of Bologna, and usually refers to a slow-cooked meat sauce with vegetables and tomato. Botarga: Intensely flavored dried mullet or tuna roe, cut into thin shavings for use in salads and pastas. Braesaola: Air-dried beef fillet, served thinly sliced and uncooked in salads and antipasti. Branzino: Sea bass. Brodo: Soup. Bruschetta: Toasts, usually served with a topping of some sort as an antipasto. While the two words may be used interchangeably, bruschetta are typically larger pieces of toasts, while crostini are typically smaller. Burridda: A fish stew or soup. Burro: Butter. Calzone: A savory pie made from a yeast dough that is rolled to a round like a pizza, filled, folded over to make a half-circle, and baked. Cannoli: Crisp, deep-fried pastry tubes that are filled with cream. Caponata: A traditional Sicilian vegetable dish made with eggplant and tomato. Alla Caprese: In the style of Capri, meaning made with tomato, basil, olive oil and mozzarella cheese. Carpaccio: A dish of raw beef sliced very thin, often seasoned with lemon and olive oil or mayonnaise, served as a salad or antipasto. Ceci: Chickpeas. Contorno: Vegetable side dish, usually served alongside of the main course Crema Pasticcera: Pastry cream, a thickened cream of milk and egg used in desserts. Crespelle: Crêpes, both sweet and savory. Crostata: Flat, open-face tart, sweet or savory. Crostini: Toasted bread like a crouton, usually served with a topping of some sort, or sometimes just a drizzle of good olive oil. Crudo: Uncooked. You will likely see it in reference to a raw fish appetizer. Fagioli: Beans. Farro: Spelt, a grain used in soups, breads and risotto-like preparations. Barley may be substituted. Fontina: A cow's milk cheese made in the Valle d'Aosta region in northern Italy. Formaggio: Cheese. Frittata: An open-face omelet, made entirely on top of the stove, or started on top of the stove and completed in the oven; usually flavored with vegetables, herbs, meats or cheeses. Frutti di Mare: Seafood. Gelato: Italian ice cream. Alla Genovese: In the style of Genoa, which means "with basil, garlic and oil." Gnocchi: Dumplings. We're most familiar with those made with potatoes and flour, but, in Italy, they are also made with semolina, ricotta or breadcrumbs. Gorgonzola: A type of cow's milk blue cheese from the town of Gorgonzola, in the north of Italy. G


The music genre 'Musique d'Ameublement' originated by Erik Satie in 1917 is commonly called '(What?) music' in English?

A Terrible Beauty A Terrible Beauty Jarry soon became notorious. He took, for example, to riding around Paris with two revolvers tucked in his belt and a carbine across his shoulder. Some say that Jarry fired off a revolver to warn people of his approach. But it is known for certain that at one point he fixed a large bell from a tramcar onto his bicycle. All the same, Jarry was an athletic, no-nonsense cyclist and enjoyed tearing around the countryside. He criticised those who “thinking themselves poets, slow down en route to contemplate the view”. Jarry is now best known for his play, ‘Ubu Roi’, which has been described as a grotesque farce of epic grandeur. It caused a riot in the theatre when first performed in 1896. The character of Ubu was based on sketches Jarry had written as a schoolboy, about his gloriously inept science teacher. In the play the character has evolved into a whimsical, destructive, obscene king of a fanciful Poland. His sinister buffoonery is a prophetic satire of modern dictators. By abandoning normal ethics and standards Jarry constructed an artificial personality for himself based on the Ubu character he had created, and his behaviour, on and off his bicycle, became increasingly absurd. He gestured regally, used the royal ‘We’ and adopted a grandiose form of speed. A bird became “that which cheeps” and a bicycle “that which rolls”. Jarry/Ubu also developed his own form of pseudo-science, called ‘Pataphysicks’, in which a mechanism is described in such credible detail that the underlying absurdity of what is being said can be lost from view. Despite his eccentricities and extreme behaviour, he was very well received and we have many accounts of his constant intellectual brilliance, panache and underlying good nature. He knew and influenced important writers and artists, including Picasso. The London Institute of  ’Pataphysics was founded on New Year’s Eve 127 EP (7 September 2000 vulg.), in the presence of various dignitaries of the Collège de ’Pataphysique, including the Provéditeur-Convecteur, Thieri Foulc, and Stanley Chapman, Regent, and current President of the LIP. It is an independent organisation, but maintains amiable relations with the Collège de ’Pataphysique via the London Annexe of the Rogation. It is anglophonic, rather than anglocentric (a number of its participants reside in the USA and elsewhere). The London Institute, like fellow associations in Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Argentina, etc., engages in the promotion of “the vastest of sciences” in its native tongue. –> The Collège de ’Pataphysique, founded in 1948, resumed a public role in France in 2000 after 25 years of “occultation”. The resurgence of this congenial organisation was marked with festivities, exhibitions, a new journal and the appointment of new Satraps (Umberto Eco, Jean Baudrillard and Fernando Arrabal, among others). Jarry’s influence has been considerable. While he himself owes much to Rabelais, movements such as Dadaism, Surrealism, Futurism, Expressionism Cubism, Theatre of the Absurd – all owe debts to his O’Brien , The Marx Brothers, the Goons, Mad magazine, Robert Anton Wilson , Monty Python and their spawn were all influenced by Jarry, whether they knew it or not . . . The Ubu plays came as a cultural shock to the smug chattering classes. He created a world where no meant yes, where parody became reality, and where artistically, no tribute was paid to the history of theatre. In Jarry’s theatre, the characters are shockingly dehumanised until they are mere marionettes, language is twisted, and nothing is preached. The theatre-goer is left to their own devices when it comes to understanding the ‘message of the plays’, or discerning whether or not one even exists. Ubu, Jarry’s main character, had appeared before, in the playwright’s schooldays, when he and his friends constructed elaborate puppet shows, parodying their teachers. It is only here that we can draw the ancient tradition which Jarry mined – the grotesque humour of a beachside Punch and Judy show. Alfred Jarry – Wikipedia, the free encyc


Which Spanish corporation bought the UK O2 phone corporation in 2005?

O2 - pay as you go sim card UK mobile at pay as you go sim card UK mobile O2 O2 is one of the main providers on the British Isles that has been providing mobile phone service since 1985 when it operated as Cellnet. At the beginning the company was owned by BT Group and Securicor (which later sold its shares to BT). The name was changed to O2 in 2002 and in 2005 the provider was bought by Telefónica, a Spanish telecommunications company. Currently provider operates in 6 European countries with its main business in the UK. In June 2012 width Vodafone UK agreed on sharing their networks to create a single grid and increase mobile coverage for their customers. However, the operators continue to work on their own and have their own independent mobile spectrum. Additionally, provider has launched O2 Money which is a financial service that allows “mobile wallet” and payments via mobile phones using NFC communication. On O2, customers can choose between Pay Monthly or Pay & Go service – first is monthly contract and second PAYG SIM card option. The company offers a wide range of deals that cater for the needs of different types of customers such as O2 International, O2 Simplicity or O2 Unlimited (for calling and texting within O2 network).


What is a rock containing a mineral/element, and is also a sub-unit of Scandinavian currencies?

Ore - definition of ore by The Free Dictionary Ore - definition of ore by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ore  (ôr) n. A mineral or an aggregate of minerals from which a valuable constituent, especially a metal, can be profitably mined or extracted. [Middle English, from Old English ōra and from Old English ār, brass, copper, bronze.] ö·re A Swedish unit of currency equal to 1/100 of the krona. [Swedish, from Old Norse eyrir, from Latin aureus, gold coin, from aurum, gold.] ø·re A unit of currency equal to 1/100 of the krone in Denmark and Norway. [Danish and Norwegian, both from Old Norse eyrir; see öre.] ore (ɔː) n (Chemistry) any naturally occurring mineral or aggregate of minerals from which economically important constituents, esp metals, can be extracted [Old English ār, ōra; related to Gothic aiz, Latin aes, Dutch oer] öre (ˈørə) n, pl öre (Currencies) a Scandinavian monetary unit worth one hundredth of a Swedish krona and (øre) one hundredth of a Danish and Norwegian krone ore (ɔr, oʊr) n. 1. a metal-bearing mineral or rock, or a native metal, that can be mined at a profit. 2. a mineral or natural product serving as a source of some nonmetallic substance, as sulfur. [before 900; conflation of Middle English ore, Old English ōra ore, unreduced metal; and Middle English or(e) ore, metal, Old English ār brass; c. Old Saxon, Old High German ēr, Old Norse eir; compare Latin aes bronze] ö•re (ˈœ rə) n., pl. ö•re. 1. Also, ø•re (Œ′ r ə). a monetary unit of Denmark and Norway, equal to 1/100 of a krone. 2. a monetary unit of Sweden, equal to 1/100 of a krona. [1700–20; < Swedish öre, Dan, Norwegian øre « Latin aureus a gold coin] Ore. ore (ôr) A mineral or rock from which a valuable or useful substance, especially a metal, can be extracted at a reasonable cost. ore


What is the common name of the lighter/fuel gas, formula C4H10?

What is butane commonly used for? - Quora Quora Answer Wiki 2 Answers Butane vs Propane vs LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas What is the real difference between butane, propane and LPG? And what is isobutane? In some ways they are almost or exactly the same. However, there are some important differences that you need to know. One Big Happy LPG Family Both propane and butane, along with isobutane, are all hydrocarbon gases that fall under the broad label of "LPG", as they are all liquefied petroleum gases . They are a group of flammable hydrocarbon gases that are liquefied through pressurisation and commonly used as fuel. They are also called Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs), along with ethane, pentane and pentanes plus. Their common distinguishing characteristic is that they can be compressed into liquid at relatively low pressures. All are used as fuel in combustion, for heat generation, but there are also many other applications for LPG . The Name Game In Australia, we call it LPG but it is propane. Autogas in Australia can be either pure propane or propane mixed with butane. In New Zealand, LPG is almost always a propane and butane mix. In the USA, they don’t generally use the term LPG. They just call it "Propane" . In some countries, like England, you can specifically buy propane or butane. In other countries, they call it "GPL" or "GLP" instead of "LPG", as the acronym is based on different languages and syntax. For example, in French it is "gaz de pétrole liquéfié" or in Spanish it is "gas licuado de petróleo". What is Propane? Propane is a flammable hydrocarbon gas that is liquefied through pressurisation. Propane is the gas that is supplied to virtually all homes and most businesses that purchase LPG in Australia. LPG is supplied in gas bottles that are either exchanged or refilled on site by LPG tankers. Large users may utilise bigger LPG storage tanks . LPG goes by a number of names in Australia including LPG, LPG gas, bottled gas, propane, BBQ gas, camping gas and LP gas. However, no worries, as it’s all the same gas. The chemical formula for Propane is C3H8. (Propane molecule model shown) What is Butane? Butane is a flammable hydrocarbon gas that is liquefied through pressurisation. Butane (n-butane) is also falls under the category of "LPG". Butane is commonly used as a fuel, propellant and refrigerant, as well as a petrochemical feedstock. The chemical formula for Butane is C4H10. (Butane molecule model shown) Butane is supplied to businesses that require Butane , as opposed to propane. Butane has some specific applications where it has advantages over propane. What is Isobutane? Isobutane (i-butane) is an isomer of butane. So, it has the same chemical formula as butane — C4H10 — but has a different arrangement of its atoms, as you can see in the 3-D model images. (Isobutane molecule model shown) As with normal butane, isobutane is a flammable hydrocarbon gas that is liquefied through pressurisation. Isobutane is converted from butane in a process called isomerization. It also has different physical properties from normal butane (n-butane). In addition to being used as a fuel, isobutane is commonly used as a refrigerant and a propellant. Isobutane has very low global warming potential and insignificant ozone depletion potential. However, its main use is in refineries to increase octane of gasoline and make it cleaner burning. What are the Differences between Propane & Butane? This chart shows some of the physical property differences between the three gases. You can refer back to the chart as we explain the importance of the numbers in the following topics. Energy Content - Myths & Facts I’ve seen any number of articles saying that butane has more energy content and is, therefore, more economical to use. Not always true! It actually depends on the unit of measure used for pricing. If it is priced by volume — in litres — the butane has about 9% more energy content, with 27.5MJ/L versus 25.3 MJ/L for propane. However, if it is sold by weight — in kilograms — then propane has about 5% more energy content, with 49.58MJ/kg