Which was the first British racecourse to have an all-weather track which it opened in 1989 originally using a surface called Equitrack?

Thoroughbred Owner & Breeder by Racehorse Owners Association - issuu issuu Jul_131_Cover4_OwnerBreeder 24/06/2015 09:40 Page 1 £4.95 | July 2015 | Issue 131 Incorporating Blooming marvellous Barry Hills reflects on his remarkable career Plus • Andrew Franklin discusses life after Channel 4 Racing • Grundy v Bustino: 40 years after the race of the century • Aston Mullins Stud’s Classic fairytale with Make Believe 07 Australia_TBOB_DPS_Jul15_TBOB_DPS 17/06/2015 14:32 Page 1 James Underwood’s Review of 2014 HORSE OF THE YEAR the most demanding AUSTRALIA’s achievements in owest of advantages sphere of the sport gave him the narr ing racehorse, for tand over Kingman, yet another outs showed in the and bies Der this award.....won two was a wonderful Juddmonte International that he es in effortless style. racehorse when beating older hors Galileo - Ouija Board His outstanding first book of mares includes 61 Group winners or Group producers - 19 at Group 1 level! • AUSTRALIA • CAMELOT • CANFORD CLIFFS • EXCELEBRATION • FOOTSTEPSINTHESAND • GALILEO • HENRYTHENAVIGATOR • • HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR • KINGSBARNS • MASTERCRAFTSMAN • MOST IMPROVED • NO NAY NEVER • POUR MOI • POWER • REQUINTO • RIP VAN WINKLE • ROCK OF GIBRALTAR • • RULER OF THE WORLD • SO YOU THINK • THEWAYYOUARE • WAR COMMAND • ZOFFANY • Australia_TBOB_DPS_Jul15_TBOB_DPS 17/06/2015 14:33 Page 2 Contact: Coolmore Stud, Fethard, Clonmel, Co. Tipperary, Ireland. Tel: 353-52-6131298. Fax: 353-52-6131382. Christy Grassick, David Oâ€™Loughlin, Eddie Fitzpatrick, Tim Corballis, Maurice Moloney, Gerry Aherne, Mathieu Legars or Jason Walsh. Tom Gaffney, David Magnier, Joe Hernon or Cathal Murphy: 353-25-31966/31689. Kevin Buckley (UK Rep.) 44-7827-795156. E-mail: sales@coolmore.ie Web site: www.coolmore.com All stallions nominated to EBF. Get Cover Amlin Plus will tailor a policy for horses in training to your requirements including: - All Risks of Mortality and Theft - Life-Saving Surgery - Colic Costs Extension - Transit Insurance Contact an expert to discuss your requirements. HORSE INSURANCE SPECIALIST Telephone: +44 (0)845 6050233 | Email: askapl@amlin.co.uk | www.amlinplus.com Amlin Plus is a trading name of Amlin Underwriting Services Limited Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority Jul_131_Editors_Owner Breeder 24/06/2015 09:30 Page 3 WELCOME FROM THE EDITOR Publisher: Michael Harris Editor: Edward Rosenthal Bloodstock Editor: Emma Berry Designed by: Thoroughbred Group Editorial: First Floor, 75 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LS Tel: 020 7152 0209 Fax: 020 7152 0213 editor@ownerbreeder.co.uk www.ownerbreeder.co.uk @OwnerBreeder EDWARD ROSENTHAL Advertising: Giles Anderson Tel: 01380 816 777 USA: 1 888 218 4430 Fax: 01380 816 778 advertise@anderson-co.com Subscriptions: Keely Brewer Tel: 020 7152 0212 Fax: 020 7152 0213 subscriptions@ownerbreeder.co.uk Thoroughbred Owner & Breeder incorporating Pacemaker can be purchased by non-members at the following rates: 1 Year 2 Year UK £55 £90 Europe £66 £105 RoW £99 £154 Thoroughbred Owner & Breeder incorporating Pacemaker is published by a Mutual Trading Company owned jointly by the Racehorse Owners Association and Thoroughbred Breeders’ Association The Thoroughbred Breeders’ Association is a registered charity No. 1134293 Editorial views expressed in this magazine are not necessarily those of the ROA or TBA ABC Audited Our proven average monthly circulation is certified by the Audit Bureau of Circulation at 9,340* *Based on the period July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014. Thoroughbred Breeders’ Association Stanstead House, The Avenue, Newmarket CB8 9AA Tel: 01638 661 321 Fax: 01638 665621 info@thetba.co.uk • www.thetba.co.uk Incorporating Blooming marvellous Barry Hills reflects on his remarkable career Plus • Andrew Franklin discusses life after Channel 4 Racing • Grundy v Bustino: 40 years after the race of the century • Aston Mullins Stud’s Classic fairytale with Make Believe yan Moore was widely recognised as the world’s best jockey before this year’s Royal Ascot haul of nine winners, a modern-day record t


Which English king was born in Beaumont Palace in Oxford in 1157?

Beaumont Palace, Oxford (The Gatehouse Record) Beaumont Palace, Oxford Also known as, or recorded in historical   documents as; New Hall; King's Hall In the civil parish of Oxford. In the historic county of Oxfordshire. Modern Authority of Oxfordshire. Beaumont Palace, Oxford has been described as a certain Palace . There are no visible remains . Description Beaumont Palace was built by Henry I in the 12th century. Both Richard I and King John were born there. The monarchs did not spend much time at the King's Houses, using them mainly as a stopping point on the journey to Woodstock. In 1318 the buildings were granted to the Carmelite Friars. It is thought that they did not carry out much rebuilding and some remains survived until the 19th century when Beaumont Street was built. Evidence for the layout also comes from Agas' map, Hollar's map and from the excavations for the Sackler Library in 1997-9. This work found foundations from a buttressed building and a grid of tree planting pits. Orchards and bowers were a common feature at royal houses in the medieval period. (Oxford Urban Archaeological Database) The king's houses, later called Beaumont Palace, were built by Henry I outside the town's North Gate, on a site at the western end of the later Beaumont Street. Henry I spent Easter at his new hall in Oxford in 1132; Richard I was born there in 1157 and John in 1167. Work and repairs on the king's houses were carried out regularly, and by the mid 13th century, at the height of their use as a royal palace, they comprised the king's hall and great chamber, two chapels, a cloister, many rooms, including chambers for the queen, the king's son, and the royal chaplains, besides kitchens and other domestic offices; the site, defended by a wall, was entered through a 'great gate'. The houses were already sizeable by the later 12th century, for in 1171 40,000 oak shingles and 20 pairs of beams were supplied for building work there. The king's chapel and cloister were first mentioned in the 1190s; the chapel appears to have been dedicated to St. Nicholas, and along with the queen's chapel was served by chaplains appointed by the sheriff. The great chamber was decorated with paintings before 1231-2. The hall, apparently a large, aisled building, was partly wainscoted and glazed in the 1240s. The king's houses were the sheriff's responsibility, except when entrusted to keepers, or, as on one occasion in 1239, when the mayor and bailiffs were put in charge of repairs. The first known keeper was Ellis of Oxford, described variously as mason, carpenter, and engineer, who was paid for work on the houses in 1187 and was keeper from 1188 until succeeded in 1200 by Walter Buistard. In 1215 the office was confirmed or regranted to Buistard, who remained keeper in 1219. In 1231 Gilbert Cook, servant of Godfrey of Chacombe, was appointed keeper for life, and was confirmed in the office in 1237 despite an intervening grant to another keeper. Keepers appointed in 1252 and 1254 appear to have been displaced quickly in favour of the sheriff. In 1262 and 1267 king's chaplains were granted the keepership. In the later 13th century the houses ceased to be used as a royal palace. Edward I spent some time there in the summer of 1275, but later that year granted them, as 'the manor of Oxford', to Francesco Accorso, his wife and household, to live in; Accorso was a doctor of laws from Bologna who served the king on several diplomatic missions, and may have been lecturing in Oxford at that time. In 1276 the king granted the houses to Edmund Mortimer, who was in minor orders and perhaps studying at the university, and in 1294 to Edward of St. John, described as the king's kinsman. The last recorded repairs at the king's expense were in 1289, and in 1308 the sheriff was permitted to take stones and timber from the houses to repair the castle. In 1318 Edward II granted the buildings to the Carmelite friars. (VCH)


Which Latvian born artist painted the Seagram Murals in 1958?

Mark Rothko – The Seagram Murals | Look at the paintings of Mark Rothko, in particular the huge Seagram Building paintings, now in Tate Modern, which form a solemn kind of tone poem all in shades of crimson. Mark Rothko American, born Russia (now Latvia). 1903–1970 The Seagram Murals It has to be said that viewing the Seagram Murals online is inevitably a poor alternative to seeing them in real life as one can’t get a sense of the scale or texture of these abstract expressionist oil paintings. I found them challenging initially but this mini research project was revealing and it changed my perceptions of Mark Rothko’s work by giving me a glimpse at  what might have been his motivation and intent in making such stark and gloomy paintings. Rothko accepted a US$35,000 commission in 1958 to create a series of large-scale paintings (The Seagram Murals) for the Four Seasons, one of the most prestigious and expensive restaurants in New York situated on the ground floor of the newly built Seagram Building, a towering architectural statement in glass and metal. Rothko withdrew from the commission after completing 30 paintings involving variations on a theme of abstract rectangular shapes executed in gloomy shades of crimson teamed with black and brown and, occasionally,somewhat more vibrant orange and pink. According  to Tate Modern he withdrew because he did not feel it was appropriate for his work to be displayed in such a fashionable establishment. So what was in Rothko’s mind when he accepted the commission? He believed art was a form of language and the statements that follow reveal something about his thinking. In Tiger’s Eye magazine in 1949 he stated: “‘The progression of a painter’s work…will be toward clarity; toward the elimination of all obstacles between the painter and the idea, and between the idea and the observer.” In an interview in 1957 with Selden Rodman he said: “I’m interested only in expressing basic human emotions — tragedy, ecstasy, doom…and if you…are moved only by their colour relationships, then you miss the point.” Rothko had strong views on the way his works should be displayed. His preference was for them to be hung in groups of paintings that filled a room creating a dramatic and intimate environment without being decorative. I can surmise from this information that Rothko did not intend the Seagram Murals to simply decorate the dining area. He was aiming to express some kind of  basic emotion. But what? I gained some further insights from a fascinating article written for the Guardian in 2002, by Jonathan Jones which puts into context the New York scene and what the brash new Seagram Building and the exclusive Four Seasons restaurant may have represented to the artist. Jones writes: “The paintings arrived in London on the morning of Rothko’s suicide. Dead men tell no tales. It was not clear, when Rothko died in 1970, why he had accepted the unlikely commission to decorate a swanky restaurant on Park Avenue, on the mezzanine floor of Manhattan’s most authoritative new skyscraper. And he never satisfactorily explained why he suddenly and violently decided to withdraw his paintings and return the money in 1959.” Jones goes on to offer an explanation: “Rothko did know what he was doing, and what kind of people he was doing it for. He saw his Four Seasons murals as violent, even terrorist art, a savage aesthetic revenge, and relished the chance to bite the hands of those who had made him rich. “This is what Rothko told John Fischer, a fellow tourist he bumped into in the bar of an ocean liner crossing the Atlantic in the early summer of 1959 after he had been working for several months on the paintings. Fischer was an editor of Harper’s Magazine and their conversations over drinks have therefore been recorded – Fischer published Portrait Of The Artist As An Angry Man, a memoir of Rothko, in Harper’s Magazine in July 1970. Some guardians of Rothko’s memory prefer to think that he was playing up to the journalist, that he didn’t mean what he said, because what he said is so incendiary. Rothko told Fische


The flag of which Asian country contain an image of the mythical Thunder Dragon holding jewels?

Flags of Every Country Follow us... Flags of Every Country Tweet This map shows Flags of every country in the world. Flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags. Note: Flag description from CIA Factbook and Flag image from Wikipedia. Last updated: Abkhazia Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Castriota SKANDERBERG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-1478); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as "Shkypetars," which translates as "sons of the eagle" Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa Andorra three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the


The Dove, Derwent, Erewash and Soar are all tributaries of which UK river?

Tributaries of the River Trent :: Geograph Britain and Ireland Tributaries of the River Trent Images also under a similar Creative Commons Licence . Contents Derbyshire and Leicestershire River Trent River Dove The River Dove with its tributaries the Churnet, Manifold and Henmore Brook joins the River Trent near Newton Solney, Derbyshire River Churnet River Manifold and tributary River Hamps Henmore Brook The river plays an important role in the Shrove Tuesday 'Ball Game' River Derwent with its tributaries the Noe, Ashop, Wye, Ecclebourne and Amber joins the River Trent at Derwent Mouth, Derbyshire. River Noe and tributary Crowden Brook River Ashop and tributary Blackden Brook River Wye and tributary River Lathkill(tributary River Bradford) River Ecclesbourne River Amber River Soar The River Soar with its tributaries the Sence, Wreake and Rothley Brook joins the River Trent at Radcliffe on Soar River Sence joins the River Soar at Glen Parva to the south of Leicester River Wreake River Eye (tributary of River Wreake at Melton Mowbury) Rothley Brook


In which American state is the animated TV series Family Guy set?

'American Dad!' Characters - Who's Who? 'American Dad!' Characters By Nancy Basile Updated January 30, 2016. The characters on  American Dad!  represent the diverse personalities you can find within a family, and even within politics. The Smith family members run the gamut of political parties, from Stan Smith, the super conservative father, to Hayley Smith, the bleeding heart liberal. Meet the main characters of American Dad!. Stan Smith on 'American Dad'. FOX Stan Smith Stan Smith is the CIA agent who sees a shooter on the grassy knoll in even the most innocent of situations. He's got a shoot-first-ask-later attitude that gets him into trouble in just about every episode. Stan Smith is voiced by Seth MacFarlane (Family Guy). Best episode: " Hot Water ," when Stan buys a hot tub to relax in at the end of the day. But the hot tub (voiced by Cee Lo Green), has plans of its own. Pretty soon Stan is the life of the party, and his family isn't happy. continue reading below our video What Do Movie Ratings Mean? Francine Smith on 'American Dad'. Twentieth Century Fox Francine Smith Francine Smith is Stan's sweet wife. She's a modern woman caught in the role of a traditional wife. She loves Stan, but she spends most of her time trying to talk him out of crazy schemes. She's tried careers of her own, including real estate and her own bakery, but they didn't pan out. Francine Smith is voiced by Wendy Schaal (Small Soldiers, Six Feet Under). Best episode: " Not Particularly Desperate Housewife ," when Francine wants to join an exclusive ladies' club so she can feel accepted. But she finds out that in order to be a member, she has to cheat on Stan. We see the Stepford Wives side of being a bored housewife. Hayley Smith on 'American Dad'. Twentieth Century Fox Hayley Smith Hayley is Stan's very liberal feminist daughter. The two of them are always at odds, with Stan usually meddling in her affairs with dire consequences. To Hayley's credit, she never gives up her values, regardless of how much grief it causes her at home. Hayley Smith is voiced by Rachael MacFarlane ( Family Guy , Johnny Bravo). Best episode: " Haylias ," in which Stan "activates" Hayley, who is a sleeper agent, to keep her from tearing off to France to sow her wild oats. While he tries to marry her off to a Senator's son, she wigs out and tries to kill Stan. This episode is a hilarious look at the father-daughter rivalry that exists on American Dad!. 'American Dad' - Steve Smith. Twentieth Century Fox Steve Smith Steve is Stan's nerdy teenage son. He's not terribly popular, but very smart. He even published his own book! He and their alien Roger (see below) embark on disastrous adventures frequently. Steve Smith is voiced by Scott Grimes (Party of Five, Band of Brothers ). Best episode: " 1600 Candles ," when Stan and Francine use top secret CIA methods of messing with Steve's age. Steve's hilarious announcement that he's hit puberty kicks off a crazy string of events, showing us Steve as a toddler, to Steve as a 21-year-old man (who's still in school). Roger - 'American Dad'. FOX Roger Roger is the alien Stan rescued from Area 51. Speaking like Paul Lynde, he spends his days drinking martinis and watching bad television. Though Roger has ambitions and needs, he's stuck in the attic of the house, forbidden to reveal himself to the outside world. Roger is also is voiced by Seth MacFarlane (Family Guy). Best episode: " Brains, Brains and Automobiles ," when Steven and Hayley leave for the summer, Francine tries to spend quality time with Stan. Roger's antics to win back her attention are hilarious, including his Disney princess get-up. Klaus on 'American Dad'. Twentieth Century Fox Klaus Klaus is the family's German goldfish, who harbors strong desires for Francine. Lecherous Klaus is the weakest link in an otherwise stellar cast of characters. If Klaus got flushed in the next episode, I wouldn't miss him. Klaus is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker ( Star Wars: The Clone Wars ,  The Legend of Korra ). Best episode: "Dr. Klaustus," when Klaus and his devious ways take cente


Which SI unit is named after a scientist born in Belfast in 1824?

SI (Metric System) Unit Names SI (Metric System) Unit Names (the scientists behind the units) Below are checklists of SI (metric system) system unit names on postal items (stamps, souvenir sheets, aerogrammes, postal cards, etc.). Currently nineteen (19) SI units are named after prominent scientists who were involved in some aspect of physics relating to the unit named after them. The unit names are listed in order of complexity, starting with SI base units, followed by simpler and then more complex derived units. (Note about capitalization: unit names when spelled-out are not capitalized [Celsius being the exception], the first letter of the unit symbols are capitalized, and when the person and not the unit is meant, the names are capitalized.) Catalog numbers, years of issue, and notes on the items featured are given when available. If readers know of additional information or images, please contact the author using the e-mail address at the bottom of this page. Sections/divisions of the tables below SI unit name* Andrï¿½-Marie Ampï¿½re (1775 - 1836) Afars and Issas C92 (Mi131)1975(200th anniv. birth) Albania 2205b (Mi2293)One of strip of 4 ( 2205 (a-d)) (Mi2292-2295)1986(150th anniv. death) Albania 2205a-d fdc One of four stamps on FDC Albania 2206 (BL87)On (center) label of SS1 Altai Unknown c (Mi?)One of MS8 (a-h), also from imperforate MS8 (a-h), and from self-adhesive MS28 2011 Congo (People's Republic, Brazzaville) 358 (Mi503)1975(200th anniv. birth) France 306 (Mi313)1936(100th anniv. death) France 626 (Mi852)1949Ampï¿½re (at right in stamp, at left in maxicard design) France 626 maxi Maxicard France 625-628+C28 ds Compound deluxe sheet (625-628+C28) France B339 (Mi1293)1960Ampï¿½re (cable-laying ship)3 Germany (East) 1629 (Mi2029)1975(200th anniv. birth) Mali C258 (Mi505)1975(200th anniv. birth) Mali Unknown b (Mi?)One of MS2 (a-b)2011 Mali Unknown ms fdc MS2 on FDC Marshall Islands 1032f (Mi2929)One of MS20 ( 1032 (a-t)) (Mi2924-2943)2012 Monaco 1001 (Mi1186)1975(200th anniv. birth) kelvin (William Thomson) (1824 - 1907) Some information on Kelvin is found here . Items with the symbol "K" only are not included here; items with a number and symbol "K" are listed in a separate temperature values and/or units section. Cuba 2173 (Mi2268)1977Temperature unit name: "kelvin" Germany KM332 (Silver) coin2014300th anniv. (degree) Fahrenheit scale; also kelvin (K) temperature scale Guinea-Bissau 540 (Mi702)1983 Hungary 2420 (Mi3117)1976Temperature unit name: "kelvin" Mali Unknown a (Mi?)One of MS2 (a-b)2011 Marshall Islands 1032t (Mi2943)One of MS20 ( 1032 (a-t)) (Mi2924-2943)2012 Redonda (Antigua) Unknown fdc (Mi? fdc)Cachet on FDC, also back 1987(80th anniv. death) Scotland (Clydesdale Bank)P20820 pounds (banknote)1972—1981 Scotland (Clydesdale Bank)P215 (like P208)20 pounds (banknote)1982—1990 Scotland (Clydesdale Bank) P217 (like P215)100 pounds (banknote)1985, 1991 Scotland (Clydesdale Bank) P223 (face like P217)100 pounds (banknote)1996 Scotland (Clydesdale Bank)P229D (like P223)100 pounds (banknote)2001 Serbia 394 (Mi?)2007(100th anniv. death) Sweden 1665a (Mi?)Booklet of 5 (1665a (1661-1665)) (MiC127?)1987"Kelvin" (in booklet cover text) United States None Cancel1907Kelvin AZ (post office) (degree) Celsius Anders Celsius (1701 - 1744) Some information on Celsius is found here . Items with the symbol "°C" only are not included here; items with a number and symbol "°C" are listed in a separate temperature values and/or units section. Cook Islands KM1664 $5. (silver coin) reverse, also obverse and also case 2014270th anniv. death; also thermometer Finland + France 741+2016 sc1 (Mi?+2561 sc1)Cachet on dual-country souvenir card1986"Celsius" (in text) Finland + France 741+2016 sc2 (Mi?+2561 sc2)Cachet on dual-country souvenir card (different) France 2016 sc (Mi2561 sc)Cachet on souvenir card1986"Celsius" (in text) Germany KM332 (Silver) coin2014300th anniv. (degree) Fahrenheit scale; also degree Celsius (°C) temperature scale Ghana 573 (Mi633)1976Temperatures correctly given as degree "Celsius" (in text) Nevis 1185k (


Magner's cider originates from which county in Ireland?

Welcome to Magners - Magners Welcome to Magners Are you at legal drinking age in your country? Yes I'm 18 or older No I'm under 18 We really appreciate your interest in our brand. We are committed to responsible drinking so we need to check that you can legally enjoy our products. Sorry You're lucky enough to be too young to see our site. Close me! WM Magner Ltd of Co. Tipperary are committed to responsible consumption of alcohol. Please note that you must be over the legal drinking age of the country you are visiting from to enter this site. Copyright © 2017 WM Magner Ltd, Clonmel, Ireland. All rights reserved. We use cookies to give you the best possible online experience. If you continue, we'll assume you are happy for your web browser to receive all cookies from our website. More Info Accept


Give a year in the life of the Italian artist Canaletto.

Canaletto facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Canaletto COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. Canaletto The Italian painter Giovanni Antonio Canal, called Canaletto (1697-1768), is known for his scenes of 18th-century Venice, executed with accuracy, precision, and Iuminosity. Canaletto and Francesco Guardi between them created the image the world has held of Venice from the late 18th century to the present day. Guardi romanticized what he saw, but Canaletto did not. One of the many Englishmen who visited Venice in the 18th century said that Canaletto's excellence lay in painting things that fell immediately under his eye. What falls under the eye in Venice, then as now, is romantic enough. The buildings, built along canals instead of streets, seem to rise up out of the lagoon as if suspended between earth and water. From a distance, domes and towers appear to float. The colorful crowds that throng the main squares give Venice the air of being continuously in carnival. Canaletto painted his views not for Venetians but for foreign visitors, above all for the rich Englishmen taking the grand tour. Canaletto was born in Venice on Oct. 18, 1697. He was trained by his father, Bernardo Canal, as a designer of stage sets. Most of the theatrical productions of the period called for sets representing palace interiors or palace gardens. Such scenes usually involved an intricate recession of pillars, pediments, porticoes, balustrades, and garden statues, and thus to execute them required a knowledge of the complexities of architectural perspective. In 1719 Canaletto gave up designing stage sets and went to study in Rome. The following year he was back in Venice, where he was inscribed as a member of the painters' guild. From then on he was busy painting views of his native city. His most important patron was the English consul, Joseph Smith, who bought large numbers of Canalettos for resale to his countrymen. Canaletto constructed his views of Venice with painstaking care. Usually he drew the scene on the spot and then made more detailed studies in his studio. These studies were then transferred to the canvas with the help of lines cut into the prepared surface as guidelines for columns, cornices, arches, and domes. We also know that Canaletto used the camera obscura, a darkened box or chamber in which the view is caught and reflected by lenses and mirrors onto a sheet of drawing paper so that the artist can render the perspective lines accurately simply by tracing the contours of the reflected image. Pleased by his success with the English, Canaletto went to England in 1746. He stayed there off and on for a decade, but the results were disappointing. In Venice he had provided the English with scenes they considered exotic and picturesque, whereas in England he could provide them only with views of what they already knew. Back in Venice, Canaletto continued to paint views for tourists. He also won acceptance from the Venetians themselves with a new form, the architectural caprice, in which famous landmarks were combined arbitrarily or (rarely in Canaletto's case) the architecture was invented altogether. With one of these as his reception piece he was finally admitted to the Venetian Academy in 1763. Five years later, on April 20, 1768, he died. The Stonemasons' Yard gives a good idea of Canaletto's very early work. It is a Venice the tourist seldom sees, or tries not to remember: a view of disorder and poverty, of a vacant lot filled with stone and rubble, of gray buildings hung with damp laundry, of gray clouds closing off the sky. But it is also filled with gravity, dignity, and a sense of timelessness. Far more typical are the sunlit scenes Canaletto painted so often of St. Mark's Square, the Ducal Palace, and the Grand Canal. In the best of these canvases the painted surfaces are beautifully modulated—the tan buildings touched with rose, and rose again in the blue of the sky. The open spaces come alive with festive clusters of bright little figures. These he brushed in broadly and made them sparkle with


"Which Beatles song opens with the lyric ""Joan was quizzical, studied pataphysical science in the home""?"

The Beatles - Maxwell's Silver Hammer Lyrics | SongMeanings The Beatles Maxwell's Silver Hammer is found on the album Documents, Vol. 6 . Found on more albums: Unsurpassed Masters, Vol. 5 (1969) The Beatles Box Set [1988] The Beatles: Stereo Box Set Abbey Road [Collector's Crate Black] Abbey Road Joan was quizzical; studied pataphysical Science in the home. Late nights all alone with a test tube. Oh, oh, oh, oh. Maxwell Edison, majoring in medicine, Calls her on the phone. "Can I take you out to the pictures, Joa, oa, oa, oan?" But as she's getting ready to go, A knock comes on the door. Bang! Bang! Maxwell's silver hammer Came down upon her head. Bang! Bang! Maxwell's silver hammer Made sure that she was dead. Back in school again Maxwell plays the fool again. Teacher gets annoyed. Wishing to avoid and unpleasant Sce, e, e, ene, She tells Max to stay when the class has gone away, So he waits behind Writing fifty times "I must not be So, o, o, o" But when she turns her back on the boy, He creeps up from behind. Bang! Bang! Maxwell's silver hammer Came down upon her head. Bang! Bang! Maxwell's silver hammer Made sure that she was dead. P. C. Thirty-one said, "We caught a dirty one." Maxwell stands alone Rose and Valerie, screaming from the gallery Say he must go free (Maxwell must go free) The judge does not agree and he tells them So, o, o, o. But as the words are leaving his lips, A noise comes from behind. Bang! Bang! Maxwell's silver hammer Came down upon his head. Bang! Bang! Maxwell's silver hammer Made sure that he was dead. Whoa, oh, oh, oh. "Maxwell's Silver Hammer" as written by John Winston Lennon John Lennon Lyrics © Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC Lyrics powered by LyricFind Oldest First +10 General CommentI don't think this song represents anything particular, and people read into it a bit too much. It's just a comical little song about college student Maxwell killing. If you really did want to read into it, you could say the whole song right down to it's composition is about life taking turns and surprising you. It starts out almost like a parody of beatles love songs intruducing two characters to go out to the movies on a date, making you think that it's a love song, then BAM, it couldnt be more different. This kinda shows that not only is the story in the song about life's surprises, but everything right down to the cheerful tune and vocals conflicting with the dark undertone. Things aren't always what they seem. ;) This song is way underappreciated. I suppose in comparison to the Beatles' other songs, it would be. :) @clockworkdolly +3 General CommentThis song was most likely inspired by the tragic incident involving talented English playright Joe Orton and his lover companion Kenneth Halliwell(Maxwell is a wordplay on Haliwell). Halliwell bludgeoned 34 year old Joe Orton to death with a hammer to his head (9 blows) on August 1967. Halliwell then took an overdose of 22 Nembutal and committed suicide. Joe Orton and Halliwell were known to play the fools and had been arrested fined L262 and jailed for 6 months for damaging library books. They would return library books with new sleeve covers and new blurbs. Orton felt that the punishment was excessive due to them being queers. Joe Orton later started having success with his plays (dark satirical comedies).Joe Orton was in touch with the Beatles and was writing a play (Up Against It) for them. He was supposed to meet with them or their representatives the day they found him murdered. A chaufeur that had been sent to take him to the meeting discovered the bodies. Halliwell had been depressed and was seeing a psychiatrist. Joe Orton had found a new boyfriend and was planning to break up with the already stressed out depressed and troubled Halliwell. The play Up Against It was eventually produced in 1989 with music by Tod Rundgren. Paul McCartney took the incident changed the players and some circustances somewhat but kept the tragic situation the same and put it to rhyme and unreason......and now you know the rest of the story..... Flag whitefox1029 on June 1


Which city, home to the oldest working opera house in France, is the capital of the Lorraine region and the Moselle department?

Place:Metz, Moselle, France - Genealogy Place:Metz, Moselle, France source: GRI Photo Archive, Authority File (1998) p 13200; Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) p 754 Divodurum Mediomatricum source: Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) p 754 Le Sablon source: Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) p 754 Metis source: Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) p 754 Plantières source: Family History Library Catalog the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia Metz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the capital and the prefecture of both the Lorraine region and the Moselle department . Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, the city forms a central place of the European Greater Region and the SaarLorLux euroregion . Metz has a rich 3,000-year-history, having variously been a Celtic oppidum , an important Gallo-Roman city, the Merovingian capital of the Austrasia kingdom , the birthplace of the Carolingian dynasty , a cradle of the Gregorian chant , and one of the oldest republics in Europe. The city has been steeped in Romance culture, but has been strongly influenced by Germanic culture due to its location and history. Because of its historical, cultural, and architectural background, Metz has been submitted on the France's UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List . The city features noteworthy buildings such as the Gothic Saint-Stephen Cathedral with its largest expanse of stained-glass windows in the world, the Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains being the oldest church in France, its Imperial Station Palace displaying the apartment of the German Kaiser , or its Opera House , the oldest one working in France. Metz is home to some world-class venues including the Arsenal Concert Hall and the Centre Pompidou-Metz museum . A basin of urban ecology , Metz gained its nickname of The Green City , as it has extensive open grounds and public gardens. The historic city centre is one of the largest commercial pedestrian areas in France. A historic garrison town, Metz is the economic heart of the Lorraine region, specialising in information technology and automotive industries. Metz is home to the University of Lorraine and a centre for applied research and development in the materials sector, notably in metallurgy and metallography , the heritage of the Lorraine region's past in the iron and steel industry. History the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia Metz has a recorded history dating back over 3,000 years. Before the conquest of Gaul by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, it was the oppidum of the Celtic Mediomatrici tribe. [1] Integrated into the Roman Empire , Metz became quickly one of the principal towns of Gaul with a population of 40,000, until the barbarian depredations and its transfer to the Franks about the end of the 5th century. Between the 6th and 8th centuries, the city was the residence of the Merovingian kings of Austrasia . After the Treaty of Verdun in 843, Metz became the capital of the kingdom of Lotharingia and was ultimately integrated into the Holy Roman Empire , being granted semi-independent status. [1] During the 12th century, Metz rose to the status of Republic and the Republic of Metz ruled until the 15th century. With the signature of the Treaty of Chambord in 1552, Metz was passed to the hands of the Kings of France. [1] Under French rule, Metz was selected as capital of the Three Bishoprics and became a strategic fortified town. [1] With creation of the departments by the Estates-General of 1789 , Metz was chosen as capital of the Department of Moselle . [1] After the defeat of France during the Franco-Prussian War and according to the Treaty of Frankfurt of 1871, the city was annexed into the German Empire , being part of the Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine and serving as capital of the German Department of Lorraine . Metz remained German until the end of World War I , when it reverted to France. However, after the Battle of France dur


Which country has top tier football league teams called FC Thon and FC Sion?

2016 Olympics men's football preview - ESPN FC ESPN FC Live football odds with bet365. Bet Now » Real Sociedad Live football odds with bet365. Bet Now » AS Roma Live football odds with bet365. Bet Now » Melbourne City FC Live football odds with bet365. Bet Now » Algeria Live football odds with bet365. Bet Now » Senegal Aug 2, 2016 2016 Olympics men's football preview The Olympic football tournament is almost set to kick off in Rio de Janeiro. Here is a preview of all 16 teams. GROUP A BRAZIL : The Brazilians are red-hot favourites to at last win the only title they are lacking, both because of the depleted competition and because they are taking it so seriously. For many Brazilians, the men's football tournament will be the most important part of the Games. Moreover, after years of disappointment, Brazil need something special to bring the fans back onside. MANAGER: Rodrigo Micale had taken charge of Olympic preparation but was due to step down to the assistant role until senior national team coach Dunga was sacked at the Copa Centenario. Replacement Tite opted to concentrate on World Cup qualification, so Micale has been thrust into the limelight. Known for being down-to-earth and forward-thinking, he is creating a positive impression. STAR PLAYER: Without a doubt, Neymar is the biggest star in the entire football tournament and has become one of the poster boys for the Games. Brazil chose to not take him to the Copa Centenario so he would be available for the Olympics. He's set to form a mouth-watering attacking trio with the young lions, Gabriel Jesus and Gabriel Barbosa. OVER-AGE PLAYERS: With the exception of Neymar, Brazil have had some bad luck. Their goalkeeper, 38-year-old Fernando Prass, had to pull out on the eve of the competition, with Weverton of Atletico Paranaense quickly drafted in. Winger Douglas Costa also went down to an injury; his replacement, Renato Augusto, will have to compete with Felipe Anderson for a place in the starting line up. -- Tim Vickery PREDICTION: Winners SOUTH AFRICA : South Africa beat Brazil on their only previous Olympic Games outing in 2000 but astonishingly failed to get past the first round. They face the Brazilians again in their opening game but have sights set on Denmark and Iraq for the points to get them through to the next round. Prodigy Phakamani Mahlambi, who might have been a star of the tournament, misses out after suffering a serious injury, which hampers South Africa's chances. MANAGER: The 54-year-old Owen da Gama played professionally in Belgium and Ireland in an era when not many South Africans got an opportunity overseas. He has coached only at clubs domestically (Platinum Stars, Orlando Pirates and Bloemfontein Celtic) and got the Under-23 job on the basis of his role as assistant to South Africa coach Ephraim Mashaba. STAR PLAYER: Keegan Dolly is the captain of the side and a speedy winger dreaming of a chance to pit his wits against Neymar. He has been an integral part of the success of Mamelodi Sundowns in winning the South African league in May and in the last days progressing to the semifinals of the African Champions League. OVERAGE PLAYERS: The need to strengthen the side to defend set pieces was the basis of Da Gama's choice of Itumeleng Khune and Mulomowandau Mathoho, both from Kaizer Chiefs. Khune is South Africa's captain and most capped goalkeeper, and "Tower" Mathoho a lanky centre-back who is a regular for the senior side. -- Mark Gleeson PREDICTION: Group stage IRAQ : It's a tough group for the team that finished fourth at the 2004 games in Athens, and preparations are often an issue for Iraq, yet the country has some extremely talented players. With hosts Brazil up second, Iraq need to get something from the game against Denmark, but in the end, the last eight is probably beyond the Lions of Mesopotamia. MANAGER: Abdul Ghani Shahad got the job last year after domestic success with Naft Al-Wasat. He has impressed bosses in Baghdad enough to have also been handed the reins of the senior team in April. Being in charge of both teams means those who


Which part of the body is removed during a glossectomy?

Glossectomy - Resection - Surgery - Cancer Treatment Services - Cancer Center - Willis-Knighton Health System - Shreveport - Bossier City - Louisiana MRI scan of the brain Leading up to the surgery: Talk to your doctor about your medications. You may be asked to stop taking some medications up to one week before the procedure. Arrange for a ride to and from the hospital. Eat a light meal the night before. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight. If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if you need to adjust your medications. Anesthesia General anesthesia will be used. You will be asleep during the procedure. Description of the Procedure You will have a tracheotomy to allow you to breathe during and after surgery. This creates an opening from the outside of your neck to your windpipe. A tube is inserted through the opening to allow for air flow. It is usually temporary. If part of the tongue needs to be removed, the doctor will remove this cancerous section. The remaining area of the tongue will be sewn so that there is no hole. Sometimes, a small graft of skin will be used to fill the hole. This skin graft will then be sewn into place. If the entire tongue needs to be removed, this is a more complicated surgery. The doctor will remove the diseased tongue. A piece of skin from your wrist will also be removed. This skin graft will be placed in the hole left by the tongue. Blood vessels will also be attached from any remaining tongue to the graft. This is to ensure blood flow. Occasionally a new tongue will be constructed from tissue removed from the thigh, forearm, or chest. Sometimes the lymph nodes in the neck will also need to be removed. How Long Will It Take? Several hours How Much Will It Hurt? Anesthesia will prevent pain during surgery. Pain and discomfort after the procedure can be managed with medications. Average Hospital Stay


What name is given to a triangle in which all 3 sides are of different lengths?

Types of Triangles Types of Triangles Scroll to the bottom for the triangle area calculator Loading The Triangle Inequality Theorem states that:   The longest side of any triangle must be   less than the sum of the other 2 sides. Triangles are classified in 2 ways- 1) By the number of equal sides they have:    scalene - all 3 sides have different lengths    isosceles - 2 sides have equal lengths    equilateral - all 3 sides are equal 2) By the types of angles they have:    acute triangle - all 3 angles are acute (less than 90°)    right triangle - has one right angle (a right angle = 90°)    obtuse triangle - has one obtuse angle (an obtuse angle is greater than 90° and less than 180°). When these 2 categories are combined, there are 7 possible triangles:    acute scalene (diagram A)    right scalene (B) - all right triangles are scalene (except diagram E).    obtuse scalene (C)    right isosceles (E) also known as a 45° 45° 90° triangle.    obtuse isosceles (F)    equilateral (G) all sides are equal and each angle = 60°, making this the only equiangular triangle. Since all 3 angles are less than 90° all equilateral triangles are acute triangles. There is one more type of triangle that is worth mentioning. An oblique triangle is any triangle that is not a right triangle. Triangle Area Formulas The most well-known triangle area formula is multiplying the length of the base by the height (also called the altitude), and dividing that by 2. If you know the length of all 3 sides of a triangle, you can calculate the area by using Heron's Formula (sometimes called Hero's Formula). First we have to define a triangle's perimeter which is (side a + side b + side c). A triangle's semi-perimeter (or 's') is one half of the perimeter or to put it another way: semi-perimeter = (side a + side b + side c) ÷ 2 Example: A triangle has side a = 4, side b = 5 and side c = 6. What is its area? The perimeter = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15. The semi-perimeter is one half of this or 7.5 Using Heron's formula, area = square root (s  (s - 4)  (s - 5)  (s - 6)) area = square root (7.5  (7.5 - 4)  (7.5 - 5)  (7.5 - 6)) area = square root (7.5  (3.5)  (2.5)  (1.5)) area = square root (98.4375) area = 9.921567416... If you know 2 sides and an included angle, there is a third formula for determining triangle area. This formula applies to all triangles and not just right triangles. Area = ½ • side 1 • sine (A) • side 2 This is an easy formula to prove. First, we use the traditional formula: Area = ½ • height • base     then we can substitute side 2 for the base: Area = ½ • height • side 2 Since sine (A) = height / side 1     then height = side 1 • sine(A) and then area = ½ • side 1 • sine (A) • side 2 Triangle Area Calculator This calculator determines triangle area by using any of the 3 methods above. If you need a more advanced triangle calculator then click here .


Of which South American country has Juan Manuel Santos been president since 2010?

Current Presidents in South America - BORGEN You are at: Home » World News »Current Presidents in South America Current Presidents in South America World News MADISON, Wis. — With the World Cup being held in Brazil, the world’s focus is now on South America . South America is a place with incredible biodiversity and roots in indigenous and European cultures. The continent is made up of second world powers that are starting to take their place on the world stage. Here is a list of the current presidents in South America: Brazil — Dilma Rousseff Photo: Wikimedia Colombia — Juan Manuel Santos Juan Manuela Santos took office on August 7, 2010. He has a background as an economist and journalist. Argentina — Cristinia Fernandez de Kirchner Fernandez is the widow of former Argentinian President Nestor Kirchner. She assumed office on December 10, 2007. Humala was a former army officer before he took office on July 28, 2011. Photo: La republica Venezuela — Nicolas Maduro Maduro succeeded former Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez . Maduro took office after Chavez’s death on April 19, 2013. Photo: Alba Ciudad Chile — Michelle Bachelet Bachelet has served two different terms as Chilean President. Her first term was from 2006-2010 where she was the first female Chilean President. She is currently serving a second term which began March 11, 2014. Photo: Kennedy Live Ecuador — Rafael Correa Correa has received mixed reviews since becoming Ecuador’s president on January 15, 2007. On the one hand, he has reduced much of Ecuador’s poverty . On the other, he is accused of curtailing freedom of speech.


A story about the audience fortunately avoiding a falling chandelier during its premiere in 1791 originated which nickname of Haydn's Symphony Number 96?

Full text of "Popular Titles And Subtitles Of Musical Composition" See other formats 781.97 B513P  reference  collection book   K   kaosas city public library Kansas city, missouri    *;f-^ J   Popular Titles and Subtitles  of Musical Compositions   by  Freda Pastor Berkowitz   The Scarecrow Press, Inc. New York 1962   Copyright 1962 by Freda Pastor Berkowitz   L. C. Card No. 62-10121   To my daughters, Ellen and Joan   Introduction  For more than three hundred years, composers of serious music have used a relatively small number of general titles for their compositions. There are tens of thousands of works called "Sonata," "Concerto," "Symphony," "String Quartet" and so on; and even though composers have defined their works more specifically by adding the key and the opus number, as in "Sonata in A, op. 58," there remained the desire on the part of publishers, performers, and music listeners, for a lit- erary label which would make it easier to identify the composition, and would give a clue to the mood of the piece, or at least to one significant characteristic.  Nicknames, and sometimes sub -titles, are a pe- culiar appendage to the art of music. Strangely enough, they usually were added by publishers, editors, critics, friends (or enemies) of the composer seldom by the composer himself. Often the origins of these unofficial appellations are shrouded in mystery or are based on legends or conjectures that have almost become legends.  The aim of this present volume is to collect a representative sampling of these nicknames and sub- titles which have become associated with works from 1600 up until the present time. These will be listed in English, except where usage has accepted a foreign lan- guage as "Grosse Fuge" instead of "Great Fugue" together with some information regarding their origins whenever possible.  There will undoubtedly be some omissions, but aJI those included are traceable to biographical and his- torical sources.  I want to thank my friends, particularly Mrs. Adele P. Margolis, and my pupils, for their encourage-   ment and help all during the time that I was assembling  this book.  I owe particular gratitude to Mr. Ralph Berko- witz for his many valuable suggestions; to Mr. Edward N. Waters of The Music Division of The Library of Congress, Washington, B.C., for his great co-operation and patience in answering all my questions; to Mr. Ef- rem Zimbalist, Director of The Curtis Institute of Mu- sic in Philadelphia, for his kind permission to use the library of The Curtis Institute at all times; to the won- derful staff at The Curtis Library, particularly Mr. Jack L. Gottlobe formerly) and Mr. Gordon Mapes, for their willingness to help me find information; to Miss Elizabeth R. Hartman and Mr. Theodore A. Seder of The Philadelphia Public Library, for assisting me in finding the necessary reference material; to the many composers for so graciously giving me information about their compositions; to Mr. H.C. Robbins Landon for his valuable Haydn information; to Mr. John N. Burk for his help on Mozart and Beethoven; to Miss Dika Newlin for her enlightening remarks on the music of Bruckner and Mahler; to Mr. Alan March for permitting me to examine the record covers of many albums.  Freda Pastor Berkowitz   VI   "Academic Festival Overture'' Overture Op. 80 in C minor  Johannes Brahms 1  In the Spring of 1879, The University of Breslau conferred upon Brahms an honorary Doctorate of Phi- losophy, naming him in its diploma Tt Artis Musical ser- ver ior is in germania nunc principi" (Now the foremost exponent in Germany of musical life in the severer style.) For what he termed his doctor 1 s thesis Brahms wrote the !t Academic Festival Overture," a jolly pot- pourri on student songs " la Suppe" as he jokingly called it.  "Adieu a GuilJaume Kolberg"  Polonaise For Piano in Bb minor  Frederic Chopin 2  According to footnotes in the Breitkopf and Hr- tel edition of this work, the Bb minor Polonaise dates f


Which BBC local radio station with its main studios in Luton covers Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire?

BBC Local Live: Beds, Herts & Bucks on Wednesday, 4 November 2015 - BBC News BBC News BBC Local Live: Beds, Herts & Bucks 4 Nov 20154 Nov 2015 Got a TV Licence? You need one to watch live TV on any channel or device, and BBC programmes on iPlayer. It’s the law. Main headlines for Wednesday, 4 November 2015 Mother responsible for four-month-old son's death given suspended prison sentence A convicted rapist is detained by police after absconding from the care of a Milton Keynes-based mental health unit more than a week ago Bedfordshire Police blocks putting up a memorial plaque for Leon Briggs ahead of a ceremony marking two years since he died in police custody We'll be back with more news, travel, sport and weather from 08:00 on Thursday Live Reporting All times stated are UK Get involved Send a text to 3CR LIVE (and message) to 81333 Send an email to bhblive@bbc.co.uk Our live coverage across the day Posted at 18:00 Live updates have finished for today, but we'll be back again from 08:00 tomorrow to bring you all the latest news, sport, weather and travel for Beds, Herts and Bucks. Share Weather: Cloudy and showery night ahead Chris Bell Tonight: Cloudy with scattered showers and lows of around 8-10C (upper 40sF). BBC Tomorrow: Mostly cloudy with the chance of a few showers. Highs of around 15C (59F). Share The Big Picture: Luton's famous boater hats Dani Bailey BBC Local Live Posted at 17:49 The football club's nickname gives us a clue what Luton was famous for, if you can't guess from the photo at the top of our live page: the Hatters. and was a hub of straw hat making from the late 1800s. Tim Burton-Jones Thanks to Tim Burton-Jones from Near Neighbours for sharing this photograph with us. If you'd like to do the same, simply email us here . Share Knicker's Model's Own: Year of charity clothes up for grabs Katy Lewis BBC Local Live Posted at 17:40 This is the scene at Harpenden Public Halls where Caroline Jones, who's been wearing charity clothes for a year in aid of Cancer Research UK, is preparing to sell her entire pre-loved collection tonight. BBC After a fashion show, about 1,000 items of clothing and accessories from her Knickers Model's Own campaign will be up for grabs. Looking round the room she told me: "This is a year of my life." Share Sharm el-Sheikh flights to UK delayed amid bomb fears Jane Killick BBC Three Counties Radio Posted at 17:30 Flights from Sharm el-Sheikh to the UK are being suspended tonight amid fears that a Russian plane was brought down by a bomb.  There's one flight due to arrive back in Luton this evening. Fairley's Luton arts charity and businesses working to 'make Luton a better place' Dani Bailey BBC Local Live Posted at 17:26 An arts charity in Luton says it's working with similar businesses in the area to make the town "a better place".  BBC Michelle Griffin from Luton Culture was speaking following the news that jazz venue, The Bear Club , may face closure over a noise abatement order.  "We've worked very closely with [The Bear Club]. Everyone in that area, which we call the Cultural Quarter, are working together to make Luton a better place," she said.  Share Cause of the delays on M25 clockwise Posted at 17:21 Anyone travelling on the M25 clockwise may be interested to know that delays this afternoon have been caused by this metal fixture... Speed camera revenue would 'undermine relationship between Beds Police and motorists' Posted at 17:16 The former chairman of the Bedfordshire Police Authority, Peter Coniff, says a suggestion to raise money through speed camera on the M1 would undermine the relationship between police and motorists.  BBC It's one of three suggestions made by police and crime commissioner Olly Martins to reduce the funding gap at Beds Police.  Mr Coniff is more sympathetic to the idea of sponsoring cars and uniforms, but he says the best way to save money is to merge with Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire. Share


Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is also known by a name that refers to which Charles Dickens novel in which the 'fat boy' Joe exhibits the symptoms?

10 Literary Maladies Named After Fictional Characters - Writers Write Writers Write 10 Literary Maladies Named After Fictional Characters 10 Medical And Psychological Syndromes Named After Literary Characters A syndrome is a disease or a disorder that involves a particular group of signs and symptoms, which consistently occur together. These are normally named after the doctor who diagnoses them, but there are some that have more literary names. We found this article on  Healthmad.com  and we thought you would enjoy it as much as we did. 1. Rapunzel Syndrome Named after the Brothers Grimm ’s fairy tale princess with long hair. Medically called trichobezoar, this rare condition is characterised by intestinal obstruction caused by hair ingestion, and occurs mostly in patients diagnosed with from trichotillomania, a psychological condition manifested by an uncontrollable urge to pull out head and body hair.  2. Othello Syndrome Named after the Shakespearean character that murdered his wife out of intense distrust. Also called delusional jealousy, it describes a person’s stubborn belief that their mate is being unfaithful; and would therefore make incessant groundless accusations of infidelity, taking considerable pains to test their mate’s trustworthiness even to the extent of displaying stalking and violent behaviour.  3. Lady Windermere Syndrome Named after the vivacious but meticulous, difficult woman, from Oscar Wilde 's play. This mycobacterial lung disease exhibits symptoms as persistent cough, shortness of breath and lethargy; and is typically treated with strong antibiotics and anti-tuberculosis drugs.  4. Peter Pan Syndrome Named after the well-loved J.M. Barrie character who refuses to grow up. Accepted in popular psychology, people with this syndrome display immaturity in most areas of his life; they shun responsibility, oppose accepted norms, focus more on fantasies than on reality and often need to be mothered.  5. Mowgli Syndrome Named after the main character in The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling . This syndrome is used to describe children with weak mental and/or physical traits, especially those who have suffered tremendous emotional stress due to parental neglect and abuse. It is also used to refer to children who grew up without the influence of human contact, such as those said to be raised by wild animals.  6. Cinderella’s Syndrome Named after Charles Perrault’s fairy tale character popularised by Disney. Adopted children or stepchildren may sometimes be observed as having this syndrome; they would make up outrageous stories about how they were abused and/or abandoned by their adoptive mothers or stepmothers.  7. Pickwickian Syndrome Named after an excessively fat boy named Joe Pickwick, a character in Charles Dickens ’ very first novel. Medically known as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, this medical condition involves the combination of excessive obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea, a life-threatening disorder characterised by repetitive breathing interruptions during sleep.  8. Huckleberry Finn’s Syndrome Named after a popular adventurous character created by Mark Twain . This condition refers to the habitual neglect of responsibilities by children of superior intelligence because of parental disapproval and feelings of rejection; or the inability to adjust socially and psychologically of normal/bright children born to mentally impaired parents.  9. Dorian Gray Syndrome Named after the character from Oscar Wilde ’s novel about a handsome young man who does not want to grow old. This describes people who are overly critical of their own physical appearance despite the lack of any defects. They have difficulty dealing with ageing; and thus, try to cling to their youth by depending heavily on cosmetic procedures and products.  10. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome Named after the curious wandering character from Lewis Carroll ’s most famous work. This neurological disorder is a condition wherein a person suffers from visual image distortions, perceiving parts of their body or any other objects as having be


Little Rock is the capital of which state of USA?

Little Rock | Arkansas, United States | Britannica.com Arkansas, United States University of Arkansas Little Rock, city , capital of Arkansas , U.S. It is the seat of Pulaski county, on the Arkansas River in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains in the central part of the state. In 1722 Bernard de la Harpe, a French explorer, saw on the bank of the Arkansas River two conspicuous rock formations, which he reputedly named La Petite Roche and La Grande Roche. Near the smaller rock was a Quapaw Indian settlement, which La Harpe made his trading post. The “little rock” later became the abutment for a railway bridge. The “big rock,” 2 miles (3 km) further upstream, was the site of an army post and later a veterans hospital. The State Capitol, Little Rock, Ark. Ryan/Beyer—Stone/Getty Images Little Rock, Ark. Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images In 1812 William Lewis, a trapper, built his home at the “little rock.” In 1819 Arkansas became a territory, with its capital at Arkansas Post . The site of Little Rock was surveyed in 1820, and the territorial capital was moved there the next year. The capitol building where the legislature met from 1821 to 1836 is preserved in the Territorial Capitol Restoration, along with a block of buildings of the period, including the Old State House (designed by Gideon Shyrock and the second of Little Rock’s three state capitols) and the first print shop of the Arkansas Gazette, which merged in 1991 with the Arkansas Democrat to form the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Little Rock was strongly anti-Union at the outbreak of the American Civil War , and the Federal arsenal was seized by state authorities in 1861. In September 1863 Federal troops under General Frederick Steele occupied the city and established a pro-Union government. With the expansion of the railways in the 1880s, Little Rock became an important transportation centre. Industry in the metropolitan area experienced planned, diversified growth beginning in the 1940s, mainly because of the proximity of raw materials (timber, oil, gas, coal, and bauxite). The city became a river port in 1969 with the opening of a system of locks and dams on the Arkansas River. Large railroad shops are located across the river at North Little Rock . Little Rock is the chief market for the surrounding agricultural region. Similar Topics


Which species is the world's largest rodent?

10 Terrifyingly Huge Rodents - Listverse 10 Terrifyingly Huge Rodents Abraham Rinquist April 28, 2014 The mere mention of rodents evokes dread. For millennia, they have been our unwanted guests, creeping in the shadows, feasting on garbage, and spreading disease. Why do these critters elicit such powerful emotions? Is it because they are so alien? Because rodents offer a shadowy reflection of humanity? Or is it because they’re so small, they could be hiding anywhere? That last one actually isn’t always true. Some specimens reach nightmarish proportions. Here are some of the giants. 10Nutria Photo credit: Norbert Nagel The Louisiana bayou is under attack. The enemy: nutria, a 6-kilogram (14 lb) South American rat. With a voracious appetite for aquatic vegetation, these rodents turn wetlands into open water. Without the bayou to absorb storm surges, flooding could wash away southern Louisiana. The family behind Tabasco sauce released nutria into Southern swamps in the 1930s, hoping to provide an alternative to the beaver fur trade. However, the Argentinian swamp rat pelt lacks beaver’s luster, so nutria fur never caught on. Now they are breeding out of control. A culinary event called Nutriafest was launched to promote eating the invasive rodent . Enthusiasts tout their flesh as having more protein than beef and less fat than farmed catfish. The stats might be on the nutria’s side, but they have a public relations problem. Attempts to overcome their “wharf rat on steroids” image include re-branding them as “the bayou rabbit” or their French name, ragodin. Some suggest serving nutria to Louisiana’s prison population, but there is a fine line between experimental cuisine and cruel and unusual punishment. 9Laotian Giant Flying Squirrels Photo credit: Sci-News / Daosavanh Sanamxay et al Not all enormous rodents scurry in the shadows. Some take to the air. At around 108 centimeters (42 in) long, the Laotian giant flying squirrel is not just the largest flying squirrel—it’s the largest squirrel, period. Experts observed the first known specimen in a bush meat market in Laos, and no one knows how many exist. Only 10 other specimens have been found, and they all came from freezers. These flying squirrels don’t actually fly—they glide. A membrane of skin attached from ankle to wrist acts more like a parachute than true wings. Their tail acts as a stabilizer and cartilage rods in their wrist help steer. These arboreal adaptations weren’t enough to give the Laotian giant an edge, though—they are critically endangered. The Laotian giant is the second known species of the Biswamoyopterus genus. The other is the Namdapha flying squirrel, which is known by a single specimen collected in 1981 from northeast India. Given the limited number of Biswamoyopterus in existence, no one knows the extent of their ranges. Other giant flying squirrels, like the red giant variety, range from Afghanistan to the islands of Southeast Asia. Like all flying squirrels, the red giant is arboreal and nocturnal. 8Castoroides Monster rodents haunted New York City long before the arrival of the sewer rat. The Big Apple had once been the home of Castoroides—bear-sized beavers who were 213 centimeters (7 ft) long and weighed over 90 kilograms (200 lb). For comparison, the largest modern beavers top out at 27 kilograms (60 lb). These prehistoric beasts died out 10,000 years ago, along with the other Pleistocene mega-fauna of New York like mammoths and saber-tooth cats. These mega-beavers figure prominently in the mythology of several Native American tribes of the Northeast. In the legends of the Pocumtuk of Massachusetts, giant beavers are man-eaters. Given the limits of fossilized specimens, we have no idea whether they had webbed feet or a flat tail. Their teeth, however—15-centimeter (6 in) incisors—have remained for us to find. Did they use these dental daggers to chop trees? Or were these terrifying teeth designed to tear flesh? Modern beavers are no small animal themselves. These aquatic workaholics are the second-largest rodents alive, only outweighed by the


Heraldry Tweet Heraldry is the practice of devising, granting, displaying, describing, and recording coats of arms and heraldic badges. Officers of arms        (Kings of Arms, Heralds and Pursuviants) practice heraldry and also        rule on questions of rank or protocol. The        origins of heraldry stretch back into ancient times. Warriors often        decorated their shields with patterns and mythological motifs. Army        units of the Roman Empire were identified by the distinctive markings        on their shields (see left). These were not heraldic in the medieval        sense, as they were associated with military units, not individuals        or families. Truly heraldic devices seem to have been first used in Carolingian        times. Seals and banners confirm that they were being used in the        Flemish area of Europe during the reign of Charlemagne (768814        AD). The emergence of heraldry as we know it today was linked to the        need to distinguish participants quickly and easily in combat. Distinguishing        devices were used on surcoats ("coats of arms"), shields,        and caparisoned horses, and it would have been natural for knights        to use the same devices as those already used on their banners and        seals. A formal system of rules developed into ever more complex        forms of heraldry to ensure that each knight's arms were unique        (at least within the same jurisdiction). The system of blazoning arms that is used in English-speaking countries        today was developed by the officers of arms in the Middle Ages.        This includes a stylised description of the escutcheon (shield),        the crest, and, if present, supporters, mottoes, and other insignia.        The language is an anglicised version of Norman French and does        not always match modern heraldic French: for example the colour        green is called Vert in heraldic English, but sinople in heraldic French. Although heraldry is nearly 900 years old, it is still in use.        Many cities and towns in Europe and around the world make use of        arms. Personal heraldry, both legally protected and lawfully assumed,        has continued to be used around the world. Certain heraldic rules apply, the most important of which is the        Rule of Tincture. This prohibits certain colour combinations, as        described below. Understanding these rules is a key to the art of        heraldry. Rules and terminology differ from country to country.        Several national styles had developed by the end of the Middle Ages,        but some aspects carry over internationally.     Inescutcheon An inescutcheon is a smaller shield that is shown within or superimposed        over the main shield. This may be used for heraldic style, in pretence        (to bear another's arms over one's own), to bear one's own personal        arms over the territorial arms of one's domains, as an augmentation        of honour, or as a simple charge. Inescutcheons may also be used to bear another's arms in "pretence",        In English Heraldry the husband of a heraldic heiress - a woman        without any brothers - may place her father's arms in an escutcheon        of pretence in the centre of his own shield as a claim ("pretence")        to be the head of his wife's family. In the next generation the        arms would then be quartered. (Normally the arms of the wife would        be impaled with those of the husband a convention known as Baron        and Femme). In        similar fashion, one may bear one's own arms inescutcheon en surtout        over the territorial arms of his/her domains, such as in the arms        of the Danish Royal Family, the greater coat of


Which is the smallest by area of the Great Lakes of North America?

North American Great Lakes - definition of North American Great Lakes by The Free Dictionary North American Great Lakes - definition of North American Great Lakes by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/North+American+Great+Lakes Related to North American Great Lakes: Mackenzie River , Manitoulin Island , Lake Champlain , St Lawrence River Great Lakes 1. A group of five freshwater lakes of central North America between the United States and Canada, including Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. The Great Lakes connect Midwestern ports with the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence Seaway. 2. A group of several large lakes in the vicinity of the Great Rift Valley in eastern Africa. The group is generally considered to include Lakes Victoria, Albert, Edward, Kivu, Tanganyika, and Nyasa. Great Lakes pl n (Placename) a group of five lakes in central North America with connecting waterways: the largest group of lakes in the world: consists of Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, which are divided by the border between the US and Canada and Lake Michigan, which is wholly in the US; constitutes the most important system of inland waterways in the world, discharging through the St Lawrence into the Atlantic. Total length: 3767 km (2340 miles). Area: 246 490 sq km (95 170 sq miles) Great′ Lakes′ n.pl. a series of five lakes between the U.S. and Canada, comprising Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, and Superior; connected with the Atlantic by the St. Lawrence River. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:


Which work by Tchaikovsky includes a sequence called The Rose Adagio'?

Rose Adagio balances - Sleeping Beauty - Ballet Alert! Rose Adagio balances The Rose Adagio balances   85 members have voted 1. Is it necessary for Auroras to make the "crown" 5th position over their heads? Yes - an Aurora who can't hold the balances shouldn't dance Aurora 55 No - it's only 5 minutes out of a 2 hour ballet 15 I don't care either way 15 Please sign in or register to vote in this poll. 131 posts in this topic September 14, 2008 Whenever I watch Sleeping Beauty I always think of how much better it is when Auroras can make the "crown" over their heads. When you watch Sleeping Beauty do you think it's necessary for Auroras to do that? I don't think it's absolutely necessary but I do enjoy the performance so much more when they can bring down the house with those long balances. Share this post September 14, 2008 I don't think it's necessary for ballerinas to raise their arms to 3rd position between partners. The point, for me, is that they are supported by each prince in turn, with a secure, regal (however short the duration) balance in between. Share this post September 14, 2008 I think it's part of her character -- she's going to be queen someday, she's got to be sovereign, able to stand on her own without collapsing -- it's a metaphor for that. But she can't just go for it. She's also got to be gracious in the midst of all these difficulties; she can't just look "Excuse me can't you see I'm busy." It's not necessary, and in fact it's kinda vulgar, to MILK the balances, make the conductor slow down, though the right dancer can work that to her advantage if she's being adorable in the process, and maybe just saves it for the last one. It's also OK if she is in transition from one to another -- she doesn't have to get the other arm all the way to high fifth (or 3rd as you call it Hans) every time, so long as her aplomb is solid through the torso and we aren't WORRIED about her, she can be using that hand to greet this guest from a far-flung land -- she MUST look intelligent, at least a little curious ("Have you come far?"), her eyes are at least as important in these moments as getting that arm en couronne. Share this post September 14, 2008 I voted "don't care," not because I don't but because my idea of what Aurora should do wasn't there. I think her eyes must meet each those of each suitor -- not the floor three feet behind him. She should appear calm and impervious, moving slowly. The worst thing an Aurora can do -- worse than falling -- is grab anxiously for the next guy's hand. If anyone should panic, it's not Aurora. She's a princess and nothing bad has ever happened to her (that she can recall), so why should gravity mess up her party? Aurora must be confident and serene. Share this post September 14, 2008 The worst thing an Aurora can do -- worse than falling -- is grab anxiously for the next guy's hand. I think I have seen this, even though not every guy's hand, and that gives the artificial quality--something like a test she's got to pass. Share this post September 14, 2008 The worst thing an Aurora can do -- worse than falling -- is grab anxiously for the next guy's hand. If anyone should panic, it's not Aurora. She's a princess and nothing bad has ever happened to her (that she can recall), so why should gravity mess up her party? Aurora must be confident and serene. I also voted "don't care," and largely for carbro's reasons (though I could never have expressed them so clearly and cogently). Nowadays the audience seems to approach and the balances as a kind of acrobatic test. This, rightly or wrongly, undercuts some of the larger metaphoric significance of this particular port de bras. Paul's discussion of the different possibilities facing the ballerina makes a great deal sense and should be taped to dressing room mirrors wherever SB is being danced. Thanks, Paul. Share this post For me, the "test" of "Sleeping Beauty" is how Aurora's Vision is danced. Share this post I once saw an Aurora who had obviously been cast for the Vision Scene. The rest of the performance was one of the mos


Which author won the Booker Prize in 1991 for his novel 'The Famished Road'?

The Famished Road - Book Reviews Book Reviews Page 3 of 4 Book Reviews Teeming with fevered, apocalyptic visions as well as harrowing scenes of violence and wretched poverty, this mythic novel by Nigerian short-story writer and poet Okri won the 1991 Booker Prize. The narrator, Azaro, is a spirit child who maintains his ties to the supernatural world. Possessed by "boiling hallucinations," he can see the invisible, grotesque demons and witches who prey on his family and neighbors in an African ghetto community. For him (and for the reader), the passage from the real to the fantastic world is seamless and constant; many of the characters—the political thugs, grasping landlords and brutal bosses—are as bizarre as the evil spirits who empower them. In a series of vignettes, Azaro chronicles the daily life of his small community: appalling hunger and squalor relieved by bloody riots and rowdy, drunken parties; inhuman working conditions and rat-infested homes. The cyclical nature of history dooms human beings to walk the road of their lives fighting corruption and evil in each generation, fated to repeat the errors of the past without making the ultimate progress that will redeem the world. Okri's magical realism is distinctive; his prose is charged with passion and energy, electrifying in its imagery. The sheer bulk of episodes, many of which are repetitious in their evocation of supernatural phenomena, tends to slow narrative momentum, but they build to a powerful, compassionate vision of modern Africa and the magical heritage of its myths. Publishers Weekly Azaro, or Lazarus, is among a group of spirit-children reluctant to be born, tired of the constant cycle of birth and death, and the banality of the lives in between. Eventually, Azaro decides to once more allow himself to be born, reneging on his pact with his fellow spirits, but then lives his life straddling the physical and spiritual worlds, outwitting spirits who wish to reclaim him and dodging the pitfalls of his teeming Nigerian village compound on the eve of independence. Ben Okri's startlingly inventive writing is richly lyrical and filled with hallucinatory images of both the magical spirit world and the equally bizarre, and often grotesque, physical world. Azaro is born into a village stricken with poverty, disease, and disaster and filled with political intrigue. The Famished Road is a series of tales that captures Azaro's enchanted world: the corrupt politicians, his besieged family, encircling malevolent and benevolent spirits, and the daily goings-on of his neighbor, all of which he recounts in florid language. This celebration, held at the local bar, is viewed through the eyes of the young Azaro: "The men danced tightly with the women. Everyone sweated profusely. The women twisted and thrust their hips at the men.... One of the women was practically cross-eyed with drunkenness. A man grabbed her around the waist and squeezed her buttocks. She wriggled excitedly. The man proceeded to grind his hips against hers as if he didn't want the slightest space between them. The woman's breasts were wet against her blouse." What follows is a hilarious and masterful use of denouement, as pandemonium ensues, dampening both the evening and libidos. About halfway through, readers may be startled, finding themselves no longer reading The Famished Road but listening to it...even watching it. And Azaro's father, the Black Tyger, is an event unto himself. Ben Okri, recipient of Great Britain's prestigious Booker Prize for his work in The Famished Road, creates an allegory of life whereby a river becomes a road that swallows its travelers, as life, voracious and unsated in its hunger, overwhelms and swallows those who travel its road. Life, proposes Okri, is a famished road. Sacred Fire Like one of those populous medieval paintings of the Last Judgment, the African ghetto of the Nigerian-born Okri (Stars of the New Curfew, 1989), winner of the 1991 Booker Prize, not only teems with lives and spirits both sacred and profane, but contains profound truths—all described in ric


Europa and Ganymede are moons of which planet?

The Galilean Moons of Jupiter The Galilean Moons of Jupiter Summary: Jupiter has more than 60 known moons, but understanding the geology of its four largest will hopefully lead to some groundbreaking discoveries. Sections:   The Galilean Moons Each of the Jovian planets has a number of moons, although Jupiter has the most with more than 60 catalogued to date. Jupiter's 4 largest moons exhibit some of the most interesting geology in the solar system. They were discovered by Galileo Galilei and are known as the Galilean moons. Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, is larger than Mercury while the other three are larger than Pluto. Outward from Jupiter: Io: Volcanoes and All Jupiter's Moon Io The Voyager spacecraft took the first close-up images of Io more than 300 years after the moon's discovery. The images showed a surface with no signs of craters from past impacts. What we saw instead was a surface almost entirely covered with large volcanoes. Cameras on Voyager actually captured volcanic eruptions in progress. The frequency of these sulfuric eruptions has filled in almost all of the impact craters and left Io with one of the youngest looking surfaces in the solar system. Io Close-Up (click to enlarge) Close-up photos of eruptions in progress show powerfully hot lava glowing orange and red. Photos taken on the night side of Io show not only the hot volcanic vents, but also a thin sulfur dioxide atmosphere produced by constant outgassing. Io's unusual red and orange colors come primarily from sulfur, which condenses on the surface after being outgassed by the volcanoes. Although there is no direct evidence of tectonic activity on Io, scientists feel confident it exists since the processes that fuel volcanism also fuel tectonics. The volcanic eruptions are so frequent and cover the surface so thoroughly that any clear evidence of tectonic activity is likely to be buried.   Europa: What Lies Beneath? Europa Europa's surface and crust are made almost entirely of water ice, and its bizarre, fractured appearance is proof enough that tidal heating has acted there. The icy surface is nearly devoid of impact craters and may be only a few million years old. Europa's Interior Observations made by the Galileo spacecraft show that Europa has a metallic core and a rocky mantle. Surrounding the rocky interior appears to be an icy layer 100 kilometers thick, the top few kilometers of which seem to be frozen solid. The stretching and squeezing of tidal friction should provide enough heat to melt some of this into liquid water beneath a thin ice shell. If it does, then Europa may have an ocean with more than twice as much liquid water as all of Earth's oceans combined.   Analyzing Europa's Cracked Surface Close-up photos of the surface of Europa support the idea of a liquid ocean beneath the surface. These photos, taken by the Galileo spacecraft, show what appears to be icebergs stuck in a layer of ice. Other evidence comes from double-ridged cracks on the surface. Tidal flexing that allows water to well up and build ridges may create these cracks. Ganymede: Largest Moon in the Solar System Two Regions of Ganymede's Surface (click to enlarge) The surface of Ganymede shares many similarities with Europa. Ganymede's surface is also made of water ice, but unlike Europa's surface, it shows signs of varying age. The darker regions are heavily cratered, suggesting they are billions of years old. The lighter regions show no signs of craters and it is thought that eruptions of water covered the surface before freezing over. These areas are geologically younger than the darker regions. If liquid water occasionally makes its way to the surface to fill in craters, could that suggest a liquid ocean similar to the one that might exist on Europa?   Callisto: The Outermost Galilean Moon Callisto Callisto is the stereotypical outer solar system satellite. It is one of the largest and most heavily cratered satellites in the solar system. The surface is very icy and dates back four billion years. Beneath the icy crust is possibly a salty ocean supported by


In 1960 Kwame Nkrumah became the first President of which African country?

Kwame Nkrumah at Penn: A Digital Exhibition from the of the Penn African Studies Center   Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972), M.S. in Educ. 1943, M.A. 1944, was born in Africa's Gold Coast (now Ghana). As a young man, he was a school teacher before leaving his homeland to further his education in American universities. He later traveled to England where he worked for the decolonization of Africa and in the Pan-African movement before returning to Africa to lead his country's independence movement. After the 1957 British withdrawal from his country, Nkrumah became Prime Minister and then, in 1960, the first president of the modern nation of Ghana. Despite his early studies of Marxism, Nkrumah's political views tended toward socialism rather than to capitalism or communism. During his early years in office, Nkrumah did much to modernize his country. Despite high hopes, however, the difficulties of financing power plants and organizing armies in a poor African country led to corruption, police tactics and wide-spread dissatisfaction. In February 1966, Nkrumah was overthrown while on a state visit to China. He never returned to Ghana but from his exile in Guinea, Nkrumah gained worldwide recognition for his continued efforts on behalf of Pan-African unity.   Kwame Nkrumah arrived in Philadelphia in 1935 to begin undergraduate study at Lincoln University. After completing a bachelor's degree in Sociology magna cum laude, Lincoln admitted him to its Theological Seminary in 1939 for an additional degree in Sacred Theology. It was at this time, however, that Nkrumah began concurrent enrollment at the University of Pennsylvania in the hopes of acquiring multiple degrees simultaneously. Supporting himself through a precarious combination of scholarships and seasonal work in the segregated shipyards of Philadelphia, Nkrumah regularly visited Harlem and Washington to speak on anti-imperial themes in churches, on street corners, at political rallies, and in classrooms.  In so doing, he managed to meet such prominent intellectuals of the African diaspora as C.L.R. James, Nnamdi Azikiwe, and Marcus Garvey.  As he later recalled in his autobiography, "Life would have been so much easier if I could have devoted all my time to study. As things were, however, I was always in need of money." After receiving his Master's degree from Penn's Graduate School of Education in 1941, Nkrumah began another program of study with the Department of Philosophy on a University Scholarship.  His advisor Glen Morrow noted that he satisfied the requirements for a Master's degree in Philosophy in 1943, and by 1944 it appears that he had passed his preliminary exams for a doctorate. He then began working as a Twi instructor for Zelig Harris in a new African Studies graduate group, and in 1945 he left the United States for London and Manchester. He finally returned to the Gold Coast in 1947. We have some more tangible traces of his intellectual life during this time.  While his theses in education and philosophy have unfortunately been lost by the University, he did publish two articles in Penn's Educational Outlook that give some indication of the extent to which he was already developing the Pan-Africanist challenge to colonialism that we now associate with him. His first article was in 1941, when he was most probably completing his education degree, and it is not surprisingly titled "Primitive Education in West Africa." In it, Nkrumah suggested that the traditional educational institutions of Africa conformed to the prevailing educational theories of the mid-20th century.  He notes that ..the education of a child is largely a process of acquiring, in the first place, conditioned reflexes, and then, the more permanent associations and systems of conditioned reflexes that we call habits. The leaders of primitive West Africa, for a long time, consciously or unconsciously, have been aware of this psychological fact. He also proposes that African teachers rightly understood the importance of early childhood in the learnin


Which English king was born in Pembroke Castle in Wales in 1457?

Henry (Tudor) of England (1457-1509) | WikiTree: The FREE Family Tree Biography 1457 Birth and Parentage Henry Tudor was the son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and his wife Margaret Beaufort. He was born posthumously in Pembroke Castle on 28 January 1457. [1] His paternal grandparents were Owen Tudor and Catherine of Valois. Maternally, he's also the great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford. [2] 1461 Childhood and Youth He was Earl of Richmond from birth and lived at Pembroke Castle under the care of his uncle Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, until 30 Sept 1461, when the castle was surrendered to Lords Herbert and Ferrers of Chartley. Loss of the earldom followed before 12 Aug 1462. With the Lancastrian defeat at Tewkesbury 4 May 1471 he and his uncle fled to Brittany. [1] 1483 Unsuccessful Revolts Jasper and Henry sailed to join the uprising against King Richard III in 1483 but were unable to land. 25 Jan 1484 he was attained in his absence. [1] Claim to the Throne Henry Tudor's claim to the English throne was tenuous at best. Through his mother, Margaret Beaufort, he was descended from John of Gaunt's illicit affair with Catherine Swynford. [3] Though the issue born before their marriage had been legitimated by parliament, all claims of this line were never valid until the direct male line of John of Gaunt had become extinct. [4] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, had married Catherine of Valois, the widow of Henry V and daughter to Charles VI of France. Their son Edmund, being the half brother of Henry VI, was created Earl of Richmond. He married Margaret Beaufort, only daughter of John, Duke of Somerset, and died more than two months before their son, Henry Tudor, was born in 1457. [4] Despite his Lancastrian connections, Henry ultimately ganied the throne through personal battle. [3] At the Battle of Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485, Henry, Earl of Richmond, defeated King Richard III of England and became King Henry VII of England. [5] He was crowned at Westminster on October 30, 1485. Then, on January 18, 1486 at Westminster, in fulfilment of pledges by which he had gained the loyalty of many Yorkist supporters, he was married to Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter and heiress of Edward IV. Thus the Red Rose of Lancaster and the White Rose of York were united and the pretexts for civil war were done away with-- the Cousins' War had ended. [4] Henry's claim to the throne was weak and possibly illegal [6] . Nevertheless, although he had won the throne by right of conquest, Henry dated his reign from the day before Bosworth.. [7] In an act of attainder, Parliament, declared that Richard of Gloucester had been a traitor who had usurped the throne and 'by great and continued deliberation, traitorously levied war against our said sovereign lord and his true subjects' . [8] 1485 Battle of Bosworth On 1 Aug 1485 Henry sailed from Harfleur, landing at Milford Haven. His forces defeated Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field 22 Aug 1485 and he seized the crown as Henry VII, King of England. He was crowned 30 Oct 1485 at Westminster Abbey. [1] 1485 Marriage to Elizabeth of York On 18 Jan 1486 in Westminster Abbey he married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, King of England and his wife Elizabeth Wydeville. She was born 11 Feb 1466 at Westminster Palace and died in childbirth 11 Feb 1503. She was buried in Westminster Abbey. [1] Death He died in Richmond Palace, Surrey 21 April 1509 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. [1] Burial of King Henry VII He was buried on 11 May 1509 at Westminster Abbey. (Royal Tombs of Medieval England) Henry VII planned his tomb well in advance of his death. Henry had a dynastic point to make and was forced to give his monument early consideration because the most senior burial positions in the Confessor's Chapel at Westminster were occupied. In 1496 Henry had began the rebuilding of the chapel of St. Edward at Windsor for his tomb, but by 1504 had transferred his plans from Windsor to Westminster, when he founded a chantry there for himself, hi


The flag of which African country contains the image of an AK-47 rifle?

RIP Kalashnikov: 20 facts you may not have known about AK-47 and its creator — RT News Tags Arms , Military , Russia 1. Mikhail Kalashnikov, who was a tank commander during World War  II, began his career as a weapons designer after a shoulder  injury during the Battle of Bryansk. While in hospital in 1942,  he overheard wounded soldiers complaining about Soviet rifles and  decided to change that. 2.  The first Kalashnikov rifle was produced in 1947, bringing its  creator the Stalin Prize and the Order of the Red Star. The AK-47  has been the standard issue assault rifle of the Soviet and then  Russian army since 1949. 3. Durability, low production cost, availability and ease of use  are the features, which assured AK-47 global success.  Kalashnikov’s creation performs in sandy or wet conditions that  jam more sophisticated weapons. The designer called it a “symbol of the creative genius” of the Russian people. 4. The AK-47 has made it into the Guinness Book of Records as the  most widely spread weapon in the world, with 100 million  Kalashnikov rifles currently in use. 5. Military and special forces in 106 countries around the globe  from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe are now armed with AK-47s. 6. Russia not only distributes the Kalashnikov rifles all over  the world, but also licensed its production in over 30 other  countries, including China, Israel, India, Egypt and Nigeria. 7. It is believed that AK-47s have caused more deaths than  artillery fire, airstrikes and rocket attacks combined. An  estimated quarter of a million people are gunned down by bullets  from Kalashnikovs every year. 8. But Mikhail Kalashnikov himself never experienced  self-reproach about the blood spilled with the help of his  invention as he created AK-47 for protection. “I sleep well. It’s the politicians, who are to blame for failing to come to an  agreement and resorting to violence,” he said in 2007. 9. Relative cheapness has always been one of the most important  advantages of AK-47. The average global price of the assault  rifle was estimated at $534 in 2005, according to Oxford  University economist Phillip Killicoat. Though in African  countries the price of AK-47 is on average $200 cheaper. 10. Osama bin Laden always had a Kalashnikov rifle with him  during his video appearances. According to some reports, it was  the US, which gave the Al Qaeda founder his first AK-47 to fight  the Soviets in Afghanistan. 11.  During the Vietnam War, many American soldiers gave up their M16s  for the more reliable Kalashnikov rifles, which they picked up  from dead enemies. Even now, the US marines carry AK-47 magazines  with them because of how common the weapon is. 12. The image of AK-47 appears on the flag of Mozambique as well  as coats of arms of Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso (1984-97) and East  Timor. The Kalashnikov rifle is also present on the flag of  Lebanese militant organization, Hezbollah. 13. The parents in some African states name their babies  ‘Kalash,’ which is another nickname for the Kalashnikov assault  rifle, according to a documentary by Russia’s Channel One. 14. Russia’s top basketball player, Andrey Kirilenko, born in the  city of Izhevsk, which hosts the Kalashnikov rifle factory, has  played under No.47 in the NBA and was nicknamed ‘AK-47.’ 15. Egypt has immortalized the AK-47 by erecting a giant  monument, portraying a barrel and bayonet of a Kalashnikov rifle  at the Sinai Peninsula. 16. A gold coated Kalashnikov assault rifle was recovered by US  troops from the weapon collection of former Iraqi leader, Saddam  Hussein. 17. Coins dedicated to Mikhail Kalashnikov and his creation were  issued not only in Russia, but also in such a peaceful place as  New Zealand, which marked the rifle’s 60th birthday with special  two-dollar pieces. They came in cases shaped after the AK-47  magazine. 18. French newspaper, Liberation, has named AK-47 the most  important invention of the XX century, with the Russian rifle  leaving the atomic bomb and space flight behind. 19. Mixing vodka, absinth, lemon,