Michelle LaVaughn Robinson married which future world leader in 1992?

Michelle Obama - U.S. First Lady, Lawyer - Biography.com » quotes “Every day, the people I meet inspire me, every day they make me proud, every day they remind me how blessed we are to live in the greatest nation on Earth. Serving as your first lady is an honor and a privilege.” “When I hear about negative and false attacks, I really don't invest any energy in them, because I know who I am.” “One of the lessons that I grew up with was to always stay true to yourself and never let what somebody else says distract you from your goals.” “I have the privilege of working on the issues that I choose and the issues that I feel most passionate about.” “These are the moments that define us—not the day you get the promotion, not the day you win teacher of the year, but the times that force you to claw and scratch and fight just to get through the day; the moments when you get knocked down and you're wondering whether it's even worth it to get back up. Those are the times when you've got to ask yourself, who am I going to be?” “That's what's always made this country great—embracing the diversity of experience and opinion that surrounds us everywhere we go.” “The only difference between me and every other woman that I know is that my challenges are publicized, and I'm doing this juggling in front of cameras.” “We should always have three friends in our lives—one who walks ahead who we look up to and we follow; one who walks beside us, who is with us every step of our journeys; and then, one who we reach back for and we bring along after we've cleared the way.” “People told me, "You can do it all. Just stay the course, get your education and you can raise a child, stay thin, be in shape, love your man, look good and raise healthy children." That was a lie.” “Exercise is really important to me—it's therapeutic. So if I'm ever feeling tense or stressed or like I'm about to have a meltdown, I'll put on my iPod and head to the gym or out on a bike ride along Lake Michigan with the girls.” “It would be hard for me to edit myself and still be me.” “We learned about dignity and decency—that how hard you work matters more than how much you make . . . that helping others means more than just getting ahead yourself.” “As women, we must stand up for ourselves. As women, we must stand up for reach other. As women, we must stand up for justice for all.” “She's fundamentally honest—goes out there, speaks her mind, jokes. She doesn't parse her words or select them with an antenna for political correctness.” Michelle Obama Synopsis Michelle Obama was born on January 17, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois. She attended Princeton University, graduating cum laude in 1985, and went on to earn a degree from Harvard Law School in 1988. Following her graduation from Harvard, she worked at a Chicago law firm, where she met her husband, future U.S. president Barack Obama . The couple married on October 3, 1992. As first lady, she has focused her attention on current social issues, such as poverty, healthy living and education. Michelle Obama - Mini Biography (TV-14; 3:33) Watch a mini biography of Michelle Obama, who in 2009 became the United States' first African-American First Lady, in this video. Background and Early Life Michelle Obama was born Michelle LaVaughn Robinson on January 17, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois. She would later become a lawyer, Chicago city administrator, community-outreach worker and—as the wife of President Barack Obama—the first African-American first lady of the United States. Michelle was raised in a small bungalow on Chicago's South Side. Her father, Fraser Robinson, was a city-pump operator and a Democratic precinct captain. Her mother, Marian, was a secretary at Spiegel's but later stayed home to raise Michelle and her older brother, Craig. They were a close-knit family, typically sharing meals, reading and playing games together. Craig and Michelle, 21 months apart in age, were often mistaken for twins. The siblings also shared close quarters, sleeping in the living room with a sheet serving as a makeshift room divider. They we


During World War II, which spiritual leader addressed letters to Adolph Hitler as ‘My Friend’, requesting him to stop the war which Germany had started?

WWII Timeline of Events - World War II History Jan 04, 1944 In a conference attended by German leaders Heinrich Himmler, Wilhelm Keitel, Albert Speer, and Fritz Sauckel, it was decided that four million people were to be conscripted from occupied territories as forced laborers for war production. One million were to be drafted from France between 1... 02.and 31 Dec 1944. ( ... ) Jan 04, 1944 SS Garrison Doctor Eduard Wirths notified SS Medical Officers in the sub camps belonging to Auschwitz III-Monowitz camp that as of January 4, following identification and a number check, the corpses of prisoners should be sent every day before noon directly to crematorium, bypassing the morgues in Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau. The death reports of the prisoners and the protocols of the corpse examination were to be sent, as before, to the orderly room of prisoners' hospital in Auschwitz I camp by noon on the day the corpses were delivered to the crematorium. ( ... ) Jan 14, 1911 USS Arkansas (BB 33) was launched. She served with the British Grand Fleet in World War I. In WWII, she participated in the Normandy Invasion, then relocated to the Pacific in 1944. After WWII, Arkansas was a target ship during Bikini Atoll Atomic bomb tests, where she was engulfed in a column of water and sunk on 25 July 1946. ( ... ) May 25, 1911 USS Wyoming (BB 32) was launched. Commissioned in September 1912, she later participated in the Veracruz Intervention and WWI. Following the 1930 London Treaty, Wyoming was "demilitarized" in early 1931 and became a training ship, receiving the hull number (AG 17). During WWII, she took on the mission of training thousands of sailors in the art and science of gunnery and operated in the Chesapeake Bay area. Decommissioned in August 1947, Wyoming was scrapped that October. ( ... ) Jan 05, 1919 Germans Anton Drexler, Gottfried Feder, Dietrich Eckart, Karl Harrer, and 20 others formally named their small political group the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) in Munich, Germany. The party aimed to support middle-class citizens of the Aryan race. This party was the forerunner of the Nazi Party. ( ... ) Mar 24, 1919 The battleship USS Idaho (BB 42) was commissioned and spent the next ten years in the Pacific. Following conversion, she was sent to the Atlantic during the beginning of WWII in Europe and returned to the Pacific following the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor and participated in gunfire support of the Aleutian, Marianas, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa Campaigns. After the end of WWII, Idaho was decommissioned in Jun 1946 and sold for scrapping in Nov 1947. ( ... ) May 23, 1939 USS Squalus (SS-192) suffered a catastrophic main induction valve failure during a test dive off the New Hampshire coast and partially flooded. The submarine sank to the bottom and came to rest keel down in over 200 feet of water. 26 lives were lost. ( ... ) May 24, 1939 - May 25, 1939 Vice Admiral Allan McCann's Rescue Chamber was first used to rescue the 33 men from the sunken USS Squalus (SS-192). Four Navy divers received the Medal of Honor for their heroic actions on 24-25 May to rescue the trapped men. Squalus was decommissioned, repaired and renamed Sailfish, then recommissioned in May 1940. Sailfish successfully served in the Pacific during World War II and was sold for scrapping in 1948. ( ... ) Jul 30, 1939 Reacting to German anti-Jewish policies and reflecting the attitude of many other officials in Great Britain and Western Europe, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain writes: "No doubt Jews aren't a lovable people; I don't care about them myself. But that is not sufficient to explain the pogrom." ( ... ) Aug 10, 1939 SS Officer Alfred Naujocks gave this sworn affidavit on the incident which triggered the war: "On or about August 10, 1939, [Reinhard] Heydrich personally ordered me to simulate an attack on the radio station near Gleiwitz, near the Polish border, and to make it appear as if the attacking forces consisted of Poles. Heydrich said, 'Practical proof is needed for these attacks of the Poles for


Who was Britain’s Prime Minister before Winston Churchill’s first term in office?

History of Sir Winston Churchill - GOV.UK GOV.UK Sir Winston Churchill Conservative 1951 to 1955, 1940 to 1945 Born 30 November 1874, Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire Died 1951 to 1955, 1940 to 1945 Political party Education Act 1944: raised the school leavers age to 14; introduction of the 11+. Interesting facts Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his many published works. More information including archive footage can be found at the Churchill War Rooms. Winston Churchill was an inspirational statesman, writer, orator and leader who led Britain to victory in the Second World War. He served as Conservative Prime Minister twice - from 1940 to 1945 (before being defeated in the 1945 general election by the Labour leader Clement Attlee) and from 1951 to 1955. David Cameron’s Favourite Past Prime Minister Winston Churchill was born on 30 November 1874, in Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire and was of rich, aristocratic ancestry. Although achieving poor grades at school, his early fascination with militarism saw him join the Royal Cavalry in 1895. As a soldier and part-time journalist, Churchill travelled widely, including trips to Cuba, Afghanistan, Egypt and South Africa. Churchill was elected as Conservative MP for Oldham in 1900, before defecting to the Liberal Party in 1904 and spending the next decade climbing the ranks of the Liberal government. He was First Lord of the Admiralty (the civil/political head of the Royal Navy) by the time of the disastrous Gallipoli campaign, which he created. Heavily criticised for this error, he resigned from this position and travelled to the Western Front to fight himself. The interwar years saw Churchill again ‘cross the floor’ from the Liberals, back to the Conservative Party. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1924, when he controversially opted for Britain to re-join the Gold Standard. Following the Tory electoral defeat in 1929, Churchill lost his seat and spent much of the next 11 years out of office, mainly writing and making speeches. Although he was alone in his firm opposition to Indian Independence, his warnings against the Appeasement of Nazi Germany were proven correct when the Second World War broke out in 1939. Following Neville Chamberlain ’s resignation in 1940, Churchill was chosen to succeed him as Prime Minister of an all-party coalition government. Churchill, who also adopted the self-created position of Minister for Defence, was active both in administrative and diplomatic functions in prosecuting the British war effort. Some of his most memorable speeches were given in this period, and are credited with stimulating British morale during periods of great hardship. However, Labour leader Clement Attlee ’s unexpected General Election victory in 1945 saw Churchill out of office and once again concentrating on public speaking. In his 1946 speech in the USA, the instinctive pro-American famously declared that “an iron curtain has descended across the Continent”, and warned of the continued danger from a powerful Soviet Russia. By his re-election in 1951, Churchill was, in the words of Roy Jenkins, “gloriously unfit for office”. Ageing and increasingly unwell, he often conducted business from his bedside, and while his powerful personality and oratory ability endured, the Prime Minister’s leadership was less decisive than during the war. His second term was most notable for the Conservative Party’s acceptance of Labour’s newly created Welfare State, and Churchill’s effect on domestic policy was limited. His later attempts at decreasing the developing Cold War through personal diplomacy failed to produce significant results, and poor health forced him to resign in 1955, making way for his Foreign Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister, Anthony Eden . Churchill died in 1965, and was honoured with a state funeral. Written by Ben Draper and Jak Brown, Mile End Group Help us improve GOV.UK


In the 1988 film ‘Who Framed Roger Rabbit’, what is the name of the town in which Roger Rabbit lives?

Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 )  ( 4 ) Background Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) is a technically-marvelous film blending   animated, ink-and-paint cartoon characters and flesh-and-blood live actors,   in a convincing comedy/mystery noir thriller, set in Los Angeles in 1947.   Earlier efforts to combine humans and ink-and-paint cartoon characters side-by-side   in a film [Disney's Song of the South and Mary Poppins, for    example] are considered primitive next to this film. The film is a delightful spoof of the hard-boiled Sam Spade   films and reminiscent of the recent Chinatown (1974) ,   (complete with a sultry, femme fatale humanoid Toon named Jessica   Rabbit (Jessica Turner, uncredited, with singing voice by Amy Irving, executive   producer Steven Spielberg's wife at the time), and a case involving alleged   marital infidelity ("pattycake"), murder, a missing will, blackmail,   and a conspiracy hatched by evil, Toon-hating Judge Doom (Christopher Lloyd)   (of Cloverleaf Industries). Doom's plan is to bring freeways to LA, thereby   ruining the existing Pacific & Electric Red Car public transport electric   trolley system. [There was, in fact, a real-life corporate conspiracy to   'doom' the trolley system and encourage automobile use, orchestrated by General   Motors, Firestone, and Standard Oil of California.] The film revolves around the murder of Marvin Acme (Stubby Kaye),   a gag-gift promoter and props supplier (Acme Novelty Co.) for all Toon productions   and the owner of the ghetto-ized Toon-town where the Toons, regarded as a   segregated minority group, live just outside Hollywood. Framed for the murder,   zany Maroon Cartoon Studios actor Roger Rabbit (voice of Charles Fleischer),   a stuttering, disaster-prone 'Toon,' solicits help from reluctant, hard-boiled,   boozing private eye Eddie Valiant (Bob Hoskins) to clear his name. Valiant   is still grief-stricken over the death of brother Ted by a falling cartoon   piano, but is financially - and emotionally - supported by girlfriend Dolores   (Joanna Cassidy), as he solves the case. A poster capsulized the film's plot: It's the story of a man, a woman, and a rabbit in a triangle    of trouble. The film was a milestone in animation history, one of the top-grossing   films of its year, and it received four Academy Awards, one of which was   a Special Achievement Award for Animation Direction (Richard Williams).   Director Robert Zemeckis must be credited for piecing together the production   that involved hundreds of animators, and the special visual effects of George   Lucas' Industrial Light and Magic, Amblin Entertainment, Walt Disney and   other studios. As a result, it was the most expensive film of its decade,  at $70 million. It was filmed as a tribute to the entire pantheon of cartoon characters   from Disney, Warner Bros., and MGM, and other studios in the 1940s. Famous   cartoon voices were used (Mel Blanc for Daffy Duck, Tweety Bird, Bugs Bunny,   Sylvester, and Porky Pig and Charles Fleischer for Roger, Greasy, Psycho,   and Benny the Cab), and the live-action characters were coordinated with   cartoon characters - the animations were drawn and inserted after the live   photography was shot. Its revolutionary animation: (1) used light and shadows   in new ways to produce remarkably realistic, 3-D effects; (2) extensively   panned and moved the camera to reduce a static look; and (3) had the car'toon'   characters interact flawlessly with real-world objects and flesh-and-blood   people as much as possible. The title of the film was derived from the plot: "Who framed (the cartoon   character) Roger Rabbit" for a murder. It was also derived by screenwriters    Jeffrey Price and Peter Seaman from the title of Gary Wolf's 1981 novel Who    Censored Roger Rabbit? - an allegorical tale with comic-book and newspaper     strip characters who spoke with word ballons instead of voices. In a


Who played waitress Maggie Fitzgerald in the 2004 film ‘Million Dollar Baby’?

Anthony's Film Review - Million Dollar Baby (2004) Anthony's Film Review Million Dollar Baby (2004) A boxing drama that is not about the sport, but about human relationships... Million Dollar Baby starts out as your typical sports movie surrounding the trainer-trainee relationship. Clint Eastwood is Frankie Dunn, a former boxer who works as a trainer at a gym. He meets Maggie Fitzgerald, played by Hilary Swank, who is a waitress with high hopes of becoming a boxer to leave her meaningless past behind. There is tension immediately when the two first meet. She really wants to learn to fight, but he really doesn't want to teach a girl. However, she keeps trying to get his attention until he does. Morgan Freeman also appears in the film as Eddie Dupris, another former fighter working in the same gym as Frankie. He is the one who believes in Maggie before Frankie does the same. He also functions as the narrating voice-over, as if he can see all that happens. This character, along with Frankie and Maggie, form the main cast whose interactions are the center of the story. Between Frankie and Eddie, there are some differences between the two friends. Between Eddie and Maggie, there is immediate friendship. And between Frankie and Maggie, there is a hardened teacher-student relationship that slowly grows into something like love between a father and his daughter. With much determination, Maggie quickly grows into a boxer loved by the fans and feared by her opponents. At one point, she becomes too good when she easily beats her opponents in the first round. For Frankie, he begins to see the strength in the girl whom he thought was impossible to train. It is not long before the film reaches the last half hour, when the story's saddening climax breaks our hearts and really makes us think. As a film that is about relationships, it is no surprise that it is a relatively low-budget film shot in only 38 days. One thing it does nicely is downplay the lighting in some scenes, particularly the ones in the gym after hours. There is a somber feel to the film when dialogue between Frankie, Maggie, and Eddie is done with darkness partially covering them. The film also deserves high marks for a well-written script. It slowly engages the audience in the scenes instead of rushing through the story. I thought Million Dollar Baby was a pretty good film and am not arguing about it winning the Academy Award for Best Picture. The cast is great along with everyone else who worked on the film. I think the movie is another one of Clint Eastwood's finest works as a director. With its emotional look at its memorable characters, it is surely a million dollar baby. Anthony's Rating:


In which year was the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts, otherwise known as The Proms, founded?

The Proms The Proms 2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection . Related subjects: Musical genres, styles, eras and events A Promenade concert in the Royal Albert Hall, 2004. The bust of Henry Wood can be seen in front of the organ The Proms (also more formally known as The BBC Proms, or The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC) is an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events held annually, predominantly in the Royal Albert Hall in South Kensington, London , United Kingdom . Founded in 1895, each season now consists of over 70 concerts in the Albert Hall, a series of eight chamber concerts and four Saturday Matinees at Cadogan Hall, additional Proms in the Park events across the United Kingdom on the Last Night and associated educational and children's events. It is the biggest classical music festival in the world. Proms is short for promenade concerts. The term promenade concert arose from the original practice of audience members promenading, or strolling, in some areas of the concert hall during the concert. Promming now refers to the use of the standing areas inside the hall (the arena and gallery) for which ticket prices are much lower than for the reserved seating. Single concert promming tickets can be purchased, with few exceptions, only on the day of the concert, which can give rise to long queues for well-known artists or works. Prommers can purchase full or half season tickets instead for guaranteed entry, although not guaranteed standing position. A number of Prommers are particularly keen in their attendance, and see it as a badge of honour to achieve the "Grand Slam" of attending every concert of the season. In 1997 one programme in the BBC documentary series "Modern Times" covered this dedicated following. History Although earlier promenade concert series had previously existed, the first Proms concert was held on 10 August 1895 in the Queen's Hall in Langham Place and was arranged by Robert Newman. Newman's idea was to encourage an audience who, though not normally attending classical concerts, would be attracted by the low ticket prices and more informal atmosphere (in addition to promenading, eating, drinking and smoking were all allowed). However, it is the conductor Henry Joseph Wood whose name is most closely associated with the concerts. As conductor from that first concert, Wood was largely responsible for expanding the repertoire heard in later concerts, such that by the 1920s the concerts had grown from being made up of largely more popular, less demanding works, to presenting music by contemporary composers such as Claude Debussy, Richard Strauss and Ralph Vaughan Williams . A bronze bust of Wood, belonging to the Royal Academy of Music, is placed in front of the Organ for the whole season. While now known as BBC Proms, the text on the tickets (along with the headline BBC Proms next to the BBC Logo), still says BBC Music presents the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts. In 1927, the BBC — later based at Broadcasting House opposite the hall — took over the running of the concerts, and when the BBC Symphony Orchestra was formed in 1930 it became the main orchestra for the concerts. At this time the season consisted of nights dedicated to particular composers; Mondays were Wagner , Fridays were Beethoven with other major composers being featured on other days. There were no Sunday performances. However, with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the BBC withdrew its support. The Proms continued though, under private sponsorship, until the Queen's Hall was gutted by an air raid in 1941 (its site is now the St George's Hotel and BBC Henry Wood House). The following year, the Proms moved to their current home, the Royal Albert Hall, and the BBC took over once more. In 1944 however increased danger to the Royal Albert Hall from bombing meant that the Proms moved again to the Bedford Corn Exchange. This venue had been the home of the BBC Symphony Orchestra since 1941 and played host to the Proms until the end of the war. From the 1950s, the number of guest o


The Saudi Arabian port of Jeddah stands on the shore of which sea?

Jiddah | Saudi Arabia | Britannica.com Saudi Arabia Alternative Titles: Jeddah, Jidda, Juddah Related Topics list of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia Jiddah, also spelled Jidda, Jeddah, or Juddah, city and major port in central Hejaz region, western Saudi Arabia . It lies along the Red Sea west of Mecca . The principal importance of Jiddah in history is that it constituted the port of Mecca and was thus the site where the majority of Muslim pilgrims landed who were journeying to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina . The city in fact owes its commercial foundations to Caliph ʿUthmān, who in 646 made it the port for Muslim pilgrims crossing the Red Sea. In 1916 Jiddah and its Turkish garrisons surrendered to British forces. It then formed part of the Kingdom of the Hejaz until 1925, when it was captured by Ibn Saʿūd . In the 1927 Treaty of Jiddah the British recognized Saudi sovereignty over the Hejaz and Najd regions. Jiddah eventually was incorporated into Saudi Arabia . In 1947 the city walls were demolished, and rapid expansion followed. The city takes its name (which means “ancestress,” or “grandmother”) from the location there of the reputed tomb of Eve, which was destroyed by the Saudi government in 1928 in the belief that it encouraged superstition. The Red Sea coastline of Jiddah, Saudi Arabia. Jeddah Images (CC-BY-SA 4.0) (A Britannica Publishing Partner) Mosque at night in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia. Almas Balg (CC-BY-2.0) (A Britannica Publishing Partner) After World War II, Jiddah was completely modernized and expanded with the new wealth acquired by Saudi Arabia from oil royalties. Its harbour was deepened and enlarged to accommodate large vessels, and a desalinization plant was constructed in the early 1970s, thought to be the largest in the world at its completion. The city’s economy, once dependent on pilgrim expenditures and fishing, was diversified to include steel-rolling mills, oil refineries, and the manufacture of cement, clothing, and pottery. Other activities include cattle raising and dairying and many small industries. One of Saudi Arabia’s largest cities and busiest seaports, Jiddah was the diplomatic capital of the country and the location of the Saudi ministry of foreign affairs and of the embassies and missions of foreign governments before these were all transferred to the Saudi capital of Riyadh in the mid-1980s. Advanced education in economics and administration is offered by King Abdul Aziz University, founded in 1967. Jiddah is served by highways to Mecca and Medina and by King Abdul Aziz International Airport. Pop. (2010 prelim.) 3,430,697. Islamic Development Bank headquarters in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia. Ameen Mohammad


What Is Fitch? What Is Fitch? April 24, 2010 By: Elaine Riot A fitch is a polecat, found commonly in Eurasia, Africa and Europe, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica. The albino, domestic version of the polecat is known as a ferret. A ferret is a domesticated albino fitch or polecat. Polecat The term "fitch," usually used in the fur trade, refers to a polecat, a weasel-like carnivore and mustelid. The mustelidae family includes weasels and minks, among others. Characteristics The fitch or polecat is also called a foul marten for its smell. The common polecat has long, coarse brown and black fur, with yellow spots on the face, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica. It has a long bushy tail, its torso ranges from 14 to 21 inches long and it usually weighs from one to three pounds. Habitat The fitch is found in the wooded areas and steppes of Eurasia and North Africa. Natural Prey The fitch hunts its prey at night. Since it does not usually climb trees like other mustelids, its main diet consists of birds and small mammals it can catch on the ground. It also feeds on eggs, lizards, snakes, frogs and fish. Breeding Fitches, which usually produce litters of three to eight babies, are born in the spring. The gestation period is two months. Fur According to Furs.com, fitch fur is similar to mink but with more distinctive markings. Most of the pelts, also referred to as fitches, originate in Scandinavia or Russia. A coat made from fitch sells for between $4,000 and $7,000. Like cute animals? Follow Cuteness.com on Facebook for more AWWs and LOLs. Related Articles


Which former US airline, founded in 1927, ceased to operate in 1991?

Pan American World Airways, Inc. | American airline company | Britannica.com Pan American World Airways, Inc. American airline company Alternative Titles: Pan Am, Pan American Airways Related Topics Pan Am flight 103 disaster Pan American World Airways, Inc., also called (1927–50) Pan American Airways, byname Pan Am, former American airline that was founded in 1927 and, up until the final two decades of the 20th century, had service to cities in many countries in North and South America, the Caribbean Islands , Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East . From 1984 it was governed by the holding company Pan Am Corporation. From 1986, in financial distress, its routes and services came to be drastically reduced. The company ceased operations on Dec. 4, 1991. Pan American Airbus A310-222. John Allan The company was incorporated in 1927 by a former World War I naval aviator, Juan Terry Trippe , who secured a contract to fly mail between Key West , Fla., U.S. , and Havana , Cuba . The airline’s first passenger service—between these cities—began the next year. (One of the employee pilots and a surveyor of new routes was Charles A. Lindbergh.) By the end of 1929 Pan American had a 12,000-mile (19,000-kilometre) route linking the United States, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic , Puerto Rico , Mexico , British Honduras (Belize), Panama , and Colombia. Pan American inaugurated the first transpacific flights (from San Francisco to Manila) in 1936, with the famous China Clipper; the first transatlantic flights (from New York City to Lisbon) in 1939, with the Yankee Clipper, and the first round-the-world flights (from New York to New York eastbound) in 1947. In the immediate post-World War II era, Pan American was perhaps the leading international air carrier. In the mid-1950s it acquired the Boeing Company’s very first jetliner, a B-707, thus leading the way in jet travel. In the 1960s and ’70s the company suffered financial reverses but sought regrowth by the purchase, in 1980, of National Airlines, thereby securing an extensive network of routes along the eastern U.S. seaboard and points west. National had been formed in 1929, when founder George Theodore Baker (1900–63) began the National Airlines Air Taxi System in Chicago. He moved the company to Florida in 1934, reincorporated it as National Airlines, Inc., in 1937, and made it a major airline in 1944 with the award of the lucrative tourist route between New York and Florida. Similar Topics


Which cricketer won Pipe Smoker of the Year Award in 1986?

The Joy of Six: smoking sports stars | Sport | The Guardian The Joy of Six: smoking sports stars From equality in tennis to the pipe smokers of the year, the relationship between sport and snout Cesar Luis Menotti enjoys a salmon. Photograph: Bob Thomas/Bob Thomas/Getty Images Friday 6 December 2013 06.32 EST First published on Friday 6 December 2013 06.32 EST 1. Tennis Rosie Casals in Virginia Slims branded dress. Photograph: Colorsport/REX The Marlboro Man was one of the 20th century's most enduring icons of old-school machismo: the granite jaw, the muscles of steel, the iron lung. But it's often forgotten that the wheezing old bugger did a little bit for the feminist movement too. In 1968, Phillip Morris - that's the real name of the Marlboro Man, and a rather disappointing one at that, big-leggy cowboys simply shouldn't be called Pip - launched a brand of cigarettes called Virginia Slims. Marketed at young women, the accompanying advertising campaign - "You've come a long way, baby / To get where you've got to today / You've got your own cigarette now, baby / You've come a long, long way" - didn't quite manage to distil all the philosophies and ideologies driving Emmeline Pankhurst, Simone de Beauvoir and Betty Friedan's century-long struggle against oppression into one catchy 30-second jingle. It's also questionable whether equal-opportunity health hazards are desirable in anything other than strict theoretical terms. But Pip and his pals weren't just cynical bandwagon-hitching opportunists: Virginia Slims would also play a small but significant part in a genuine advance. Pip's wares. Photograph: Bloomberg/Bloomberg via Getty Images 1968 was also the year in which tennis went open, and prize money for professionals went through the roof. If you were a man. The women were ludicrously under-valued, and when Jack Kramer - a former Wimbledon and US Open champion turned promoter - refused to pony up more than 15% of the prize purse he was paying the men in a 1970 tournament, Billie Jean King led a walkout. The United States Lawn Tennis Association, she reasoned, could go whistle. King, along with eight other players - Rosie Casals, Nancy Richey, Peaches Bartkowicz, Kristy Pigeon, Valerie Ziegenfuss, Julie Heldman, Kerry Reid and Judy Dalton - formed a rebel tour. With the help of magazine publisher Gladys Heldman, who prized a sponsorship deal from Pip Morris, the Virginia Slims Circuit was born. The circuit - the first professional women's tour - was a glorious success. Within three years of its launch, it led to the formation of the Women's Tennis Association, the main overseers of the game today. And three months after the ink had dried on that deal, the 1973 US Open became the first major event to offer women and men equal prize money. The Australian Open followed suit in 2001, before the French Open and Wimbledon finally did the decent thing in 2007. Old-fashioned attitudes at Wimbledon clearly took a while to shift, then. They may or may not have become entrenched in 1972, when Casals opted to wear a mauve and white dress for her semi-final against King that was patterned with a series of VS motifs. She lost the match 2-6, 4-6, but was still in the running for the mixed doubles with Ilie Nastase, and so a letter arrived on her doorstep the morning after from referee Captain Mike Gibson, ordering her to desist with the sly advertising. Given that Virginia Slims were involved in tennis in the first place only because the likes of Wimbledon were refusing to pay the women anything close to equal money, it could be argued that the Captain was being a cheeky bastard. Happily, Casals was having none of his sorry nonsense. She dismissed the Captain's morning log as "the biggest laugh I have had for a long time", and came onto No1 court for her mixed-doubles appointment sporting another VS-inspired outfit. This one, in red, yellow and green, pictured a woman, 18 inches high, holding a tennis racquet in one hand and a cigarette holder in the other. A slogan read: "You've come a long way, baby." The Captain - either intereste


In humans, plumbism is chronic poisoning due to the absorption of what into the body?

Plumbism | definition of plumbism by Medical dictionary Plumbism | definition of plumbism by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/plumbism Related to plumbism: lead poisoning lead1  (Pb) [led] a chemical element, atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19. Excessive ingestion or absorption causes lead poisoning . (See also Appendix 6.) l. poisoning poisoning caused by the presence of lead or lead salts in the body; it affects the brain, nervous system, blood, and digestive system and can be either chronic or acute. Called also plumbism and saturnism . Chronic Lead Poisoning. This was once fairly common among painters, and was called “painter's colic.” It became less frequent as lead-free paints were substituted for lead-based ones and as plastic toys replaced lead ones. The disease is still seen among children with pica (a craving for unnatural articles of food) who may eat lead paint chips or coatings. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines an elevated blood lead level as >10 μg/dL for children younger than six years of age. However, there is evidence that there are subtle effects even at lower levels Symptoms include weight loss, anemia, stomach cramps (lead colic), a bluish black line at the edge of the gums, and constipation. Other symptoms may be mental depression and, in children, irritability and convulsions. In addition to the poisoning, the anemia and weight loss must also be treated, usually by providing an adequate diet. In serious cases, EDTA (calcium disodium edetate) may be prescribed. Acute Lead Poisoning. This rare condition can be caused in two ways: lead may accumulate in the bones, liver, kidneys, brain, and muscles and then be released suddenly to produce an acute condition; or large amounts of lead may be inhaled or ingested at one time. Symptoms are a metallic taste in the mouth, vomiting, bloody or black diarrhea, and muscle cramps. Diagnosis is made by examination of the blood and urine. Treatment. Immediate removal of unabsorbed lead in the intestinal tract through the administration of mild saline cathartics and enemas. EDTA is given and in most cases measures must be taken to reduce the increased intracranial pressure that accompanies acute lead poisoning. Prevention. An awareness of the prevalence of lead poisoning among children of preschool age who live in poorly maintained housing has led to neighborhood screening surveys in high-risk areas. An important aspect of prevention of lead poisoning is determination of sources of lead in the environment and efforts to remove them. Sources include peeling paint from window sills, walls, floors, and bannisters, and from soil around old houses that have shed exterior paint through the years. An often unsuspected source is the glaze of certain pottery and “leaded glass;” lead can leach out into food and beverages from such vessels. A vital factor in coping with the problem of lead contamination is public education and development of a community awareness of possible sources and of the need for elimination of these hazards from the environment. lead poi·son·ing acute or chronic intoxication by lead or any of its salts; symptoms of acute lead poisoning usually are those of acute gastroenteritis in adults or encephalopathy in children; chronic lead poisoning is manifested chiefly by anemia, constipation, colicky abdominal pain, neuropathy with paralysis with wrist-drop involving the extensor muscles of the forearm, bluish lead line of the gums, and interstitial nephritis; saturnine gout, convulsions, and coma may occur.


Which Roman Emperor was named ‘Little Boots’?

Caligula - Ancient History Encyclopedia Caligula by Donald L. Wasson published on 18 October 2011 Among the great emperors of the Roman Empire stand Augustus and Marcus Aurelius . At the other end of the spectrum is the Emperor Caligula who the historian Suetonius simply calls a monster. In his The Twelve Caesars he further added: It is difficult to say whether weakness of understanding or corruption of morals were more conspicuous in the character of Caligula. He seems to have discovered from his earliest years an innate depravity of mind, which was undoubtedly much increased by defect of education. Early Life Born Gaius Julius Caesar in 12 CE, Caligula was the son of Germanicus (hero of the German campaign) and Agrippina, granddaughter of the Emperor Augustus (her mother was his daughter Julia). The name “Caligula” is actually a nickname meaning “little boots,” derived from the miniature uniform he wore as a child while on campaign with his father. The precocious youth served as the company’s mascot. Shortly after the death of his family, Caligula moved to the isle of Capri where he was raised by the Roman Emperor Tiberius as what some historians consider a prisoner. Although Germanicus's death is suspicious, Tiberius is thought to have been instrumental in the death of Caligula’s mother and brothers. Advertisement Caligula's response to his critics was: “Let them hate me, so long as they fear me.” Since Caligula and his sisters were considered to be of no immediate threat, they were allowed to live. While on the island, Caligula witnessed the brutality and savage behaviour that was Tiberius. On Capri he was surrounded by corruption and excess. Suetonius said: … even in those days Caligula could not control his natural brutality. He loved watching tortures and executions; and, disguised in wig and robe, abandoned himself nightly to the pleasures of feasting and scandalous living. Caligula Becomes Emperor Upon the death of Tiberius on 17 March 37 CE, Caligula became the co-emperor of the Roman Empire with Tiberius’ son Gemellus. Caligula, however, soon came to be the lone ruler with the death of Gemellus. (Caligula is suspected of having a hand  in the death of his co-emperor.) Since Tiberius had never been a popular emperor, the citizens of Rome welcomed the young emperor, and Caligula soon earned this admiration: He ended the treason trials instituted by Tiberius, recalled exiles, and gave long over-due bonuses to the  Praetorian Guard . He completed a number of building projects started by the former emperor, rebuilt decaying temples, built a lighthouse at Boulogne, began work on new aqueducts and even built a new  amphitheatre In Pompeii . There were numerous gladiatorial games and chariot races to entertain the people. Within six months after assuming power, however, everything changed: After coming close to death (historians are divided on the cause - a possible breakdown or epilepsy), Caligula became a different person. He was more paranoid, and the Caligula some had seen on Capri re-emerged. After having reduced taxes earlier in his reign, he raised them in order to pay for his excesses. He instituted a series of purges against suspected enemies, including even his first wife. He brought back the treason trials of Tiberius. He condemned others in order to confiscate their property. Suetonius adds that  he became more sadistic and “showed the keenest interest in witnessing the suffering and torment of those condemned being tortured.” In reference to a series of gladitorial games attended by Caligula, historian Cassius Dio said: Remove Ads Advertisement It was not the large number of those who perished that was so serious, though that was serious enough, but his excessive delight in their death and this insatiable desire for the sight of blood. His extreme behaviour knew no limits, living a life some historians label as perverse and insane. He gave his beloved horse, Incitatus,  jewel-encrusted collars and even threatened to grant  him the title of consul . He built a two-and-a-half-mile pontoon bridge across the


The Franklin River is in which Australian state?

The Franklin River Campaign - Part 1 - The beginnings of Australia's Environmental movement | The Wilderness Society BECOME A MEMBER The Franklin River Campaign - Part 1 - The beginnings of Australia's Environmental movement Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of this landmark High Court decision, by William J. Lines. Part 1 - The beginnings of Australia’s Environmental movement. Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of this landmark High Court decision, writes William J. Lines. On July 1, 2008 we celebrate 25 years since the High Court decision that 'Let the Franklin run free'. In this Four Part series on the Franklin river campaign, Author William J. Lines charts the rise of Australia's conservation movement - and a famous win for the environment. Go to PART 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Part 1 - The beginnings of Australia’s Environmental movement   From the early 1960s, Australian conservationists became concerned about plans for dams on the rivers and lakes of Tasmania’s south-west wilderness. The first great confrontation occurred in the mid-1960s when Tasmania’s major development agency, the Hydro Electric Commission (HEC) announced, despite previous denials, a scheme to flood Lake Pedder. Moved by the lake’s beauty, bushwalkers, nature lovers, conservationists, and others responded by writing letters to the paper, forming campaign groups, calling meetings, lobbying politicians, writing submissions, testifying at hearings and raising their voice. They continued their protest through to the actual drowning of the lake in 1972 and beyond. Many vowed that they would never allow such destruction in the south west again. They soon found their resolve tested. In 1976, a number of conservationists, including a young doctor, Bob Brown, his companion Paul Smith, as well as veteran Pedder campaigner Helen Gee, separately and together rafted the wild Franklin River. Awed by the place’s spectacular beauty, they were also horrified to learn that the HEC planned to dam the river and flood its gorges, cataracts, and adjoining rainforest. What could they do? The Tasmanian Wilderness Society (TWS) is born Around this time in 1976, at a meeting at Brown’s house in Liffey, a number of conservationists active in the South West Tasmania Action Committee decided on a new name for their organisation: The Tasmanian Wilderness Society. Kevin Kiernan, another Pedder campaigner, became director. Over the next couple of years, the TWS took up the fight for Tasmanian forests, campaigned on mining, airstrips, and roads, and monitored unfolding HEC plans for the Franklin. American Norm Sanders, who had come to Tasmania partly for its wild beauty, replaced Kiernan as director and then in 1979 Bob Brown resigned from his GP practice and took up the position of full-time, unpaid director of the TWS working from a shared office in Hobart. He was not alone. In Sydney the South-West Tasmania Committee worked for the protection of Tasmania’s wilderness, while in Melbourne a group of activists from the Pedder days were also meeting and in 1979 they expanded their activities and opened an office, paying $5 a week rent. Then, what all conservationists feared, happened. In October 1979 the HEC released concrete proposals to build a dam on the Gordon River below its confluence with the Franklin. The Australian Conservation Foundation became alarmed by the contemplated destruction and appointed campaigner Peter Thompson to work on the Franklin campaign in Hobart with the TWS. The campaign to ‘Save the Franklin’ begins in earnest Over the next several months dozens of TWS volunteers built a campaign featuring public meetings, slide shows, pamphlets, colour publications, guide-books, and river trips down the Franklin - including trips for influential politicians, such as the Legislative Council’s Harry Braid. They wrote letters and articles for the press, appeared on television, and spoke to politicians. Volunteers opened a wilderness shop in Hobart followed by Melbourne and Sydney. TWS membership grew from 200 to 1000 in twelve months. Ten new branches formed and 10,000 people rall


John Lennon and Yoko Ono recorded ‘Give Peace a Chance’ at the Hotel La Reine in which city in Canada in 1969?

John Lennon: Give Peace A Chance | The Beatles Bible Give Peace A Chance Yoko Ono : vocals Tommy Smothers: guitar Allen Ginsberg, Timothy Leary, Petula Clark, Rosemary Woodruff, Derek Taylor , Murray the K, Dick Gregory, Abraham Feinberg, others: vocals Canadian chapter of Radha Krishna Temple: vocals, drums, finger cymbals Available on: John Lennon Anthology John Lennon's first non-Beatles single, the anthemic Give Peace A Chance, was recorded on the penultimate day of his and Yoko Ono's second bed-in for peace, in room 1742 of the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Canada. It wasn't like 'You have to have peace!' Just give it a chance. We ain't giving any gospel here - just saying how about this version for a change? We think we have the right to have a say in the future. And we think the future is made in your mind. John Lennon, 1980 All We Are Saying, David Sheff Lennon and Ono had arrived in Toronto on 25 May hoping to begin their second bed-in for peace. The next day they checked in to La Hotel Reine Elizabeth in Montreal, where they stayed for a week. During their stay they gave a succession of interviews to the world's media, and received dozens of visits from friends and well-wishers. Well, after being interviewed for weeks and weeks and weeks, night and day, with Yoko and me talking about peace from our beds, I had those words coming out of my mouth or Yoko's - wherever the hell they came from - and it became a song. John Lennon, 1980 All We Are Saying, David Sheff Lennon used the phrase "All we are saying is give peace a chance" during an interview on the first day of the bed-in. Over the next few days he worked up a melody and lyrics, and recorded the song during the final day of the event. The song was intentionally simple, with two chords and a chorus which anyone could join in on. The verses, meanwhile, were largely nonsense, although the third verse contained the word 'masturbation'; this was changed by Lennon to 'mastication' in the published lyrics, as Lennon wished to avoid courting controversy. On the day of recording Lennon instructed Apple's press officer Derek Taylor to arrange for recording equipment to be brought to the hotel suite. Taylor contacted a local studio owner, André Perry, who brought four microphones and a four-track recorder. During the recording Lennon and Tommy Smothers of the Smothers Brothers played acoustic guitars. A wardrobe door was repeatedly opened and closed to provide a rhythm, and the various assembled guests sang during the choruses. The first number of Lennon's "2, 1, 2, 3, 4" count-in was left off the released version, as it was partially obscured by feedback. The entire recording was filmed, and released as two separate promotional films in the subsequent months. Give Peace A Chance was captured in a single take, although a rehearsal prior to the recording was also taped. The rehearsal was later released on 1998's John Lennon Anthology box set. The performance featured a range of guests including LSD guru Timothy Leary and his wife Rosemary, the poet Allen Ginsbert, the singer Petula Clark and the US radio DJ Murray the K. Also present were members of the Canadian branch of Radha Krishna Temple, who sang and played percussion. Although Lennon was delighted with the recording of Give Peace A Chance, Perry worried that it had too much distortion. In the early hours of 2 June more vocals were overdubbed to improve the sound and make it suitable for release as a single. Because of the condition of the room being bad, it's as if you put big speakers in such a small enclosure. Too much noise and in a small environment, and what was going on was the tape picking this up. So it wouldn't have been usable. Originally there were no intentions to have any over-dubs done. But when I left John, he looked at me and I said, 'Well, I'll go back to the studio and listen to this and see what it's like.' And then I decided upon myself that the background was a bit too noisy and needed a little 'sweeping.' By this I mean, we kept all the original stuff, we just kind of like, improved i


Pneumoconiosis is a disease of which part of the human body?

Pneumoconiosis - body, causes, What Causes Pneumoconiosis? Pneumoconiosis Pneumoconiosis Pneumoconiosis (noo-mo-ko-nee-O-sis) is a disease of the lungs caused by     long-term breathing of dust, especially certain mineral dusts. Forms of     pneumoconiosis include black lung disease (coal worker's     pneumoconiosis), silicosis, and asbestosis. The disease typically     results from working in a mine for many years, but factory work and other     occupations can expose people to the ill effects of breathing dusts. The     term "pneumoconiosis" comes from the Greek pneumon, meaning lung, and konis, meaning dust. KEYWORDS for searching the Internet and other reference sources Asbestosis Silicosis What Causes Pneumoconiosis? Only microscopic-size dust particles, about 1/5,000 of an inch across or    smaller, are able to reach the tiniest air sacs (the alveoli) in the    lungs. There they cannot be removed, and accumulate to cause a scarring    and thickening of the lungs called fibrosis (fy-BRO-sis). Eventually, the    lungs begin to lose their ability to supply oxygen to the body. The War Against Black Lung The prevalence of black lung disease did not begin to decrease until it became clear that the cause was excessively high levels of coal dust in     mines. Largely due to the efforts of coal miners' unions,     occupational safety conditions improved. In 1969, the Mine Health and Safety Act set standards in the United     States for maximum allowable levels of coal dust in mines. The Act also     provided compensation for miners who developed black lung disease. Death     rates from pneumoconiosis have been declining since the Act was passed. Breathing coal dust was an occupational hazard for coal miners,       especially those who did not wear protective masks. Corbis-Bettman. Black lung disease is caused by breathing coal dust, usually in mines.    Silicosis results from inhaling silica dust from sand and rock, primarily    in mines, quarries, and in occupations such as sandblasting. Asbestosis    comes from breathing tiny asbestos fibers in mining, building    construction, and other industries. Less commonly, other kinds of dust are    continuously inhaled in work-related situations and cause pneumoconiosis. What Happens When People Have Pneumoconiosis? Symptoms Because pneumoconiosis usually takes 20 or 30 years to develop, workers    often do not notice symptoms until they are over 50. The main symptoms are    coughing and difficulty in breathing, which gradually increases.    Complications include emphysema (em-fe-SEE-ma) and increased risk of    tuberculosis. Asbestosis patients are more likely to develop lung cancer,    especially if they smoke cigarettes. Damaged lungs make the heart work    harder, and heart problems can accompany severe cases of pneumoconiosis. Diagnosis Diagnosis is made by physical examination and through a medical history    that tells the doctor which dusts patients have been exposed to. The    doctor may also take chest x-rays and pulmonary (lung) function tests. Treatment There is no cure for pneumoconiosis, because the dust cannot be removed    from the lungs. Even if it could, the damage done to the lungs from years    of inflammatory reaction to the dust could not be undone. Except in a mild    form called simple pneumoconiosis, the disease is progressively disabling.    The only treatment is to avoid smoking and further exposure to dust, and    to treat complications. Prevention Pneumoconiosis can be prevented by enforcing maximum allowable dust levels    in mines and at other work sites, and by using protective masks. Regular    medical examinations, including chest x-rays for people at risk, can    detect pneumoconiosis during its earlier stages, before it becomes    disabling. See also


Mount Parnassus is in which European country?

Mount Parnassus | mountain, Greece | Britannica.com Mount Parnassus Laki Mount Parnassus, Modern Greek Parnassós, mountain barren limestone spur of the Pindus (Modern Greek: Píndos) Mountains, central Greece , running northwest-southeast on the borders of the nomoí (departments) of Phocis (Fokída), Fthiótis, and Boeotia (Voiotía). Rising to a maximum elevation of 8,061 ft (2,457 m) in Mount Parnassus, within sight of Delphi (Delfoí), it extends to Cape Opus on the Gulf of Corinth (Korinthiakós). In ancient times Parnassus was sacred to the Dorians and in mythology to Apollo and the Corycian nymphs. On a plateau between the summit and Delphi was the Corycian stalactite cave sacred to the nymphs and Pan. For the Roman poets, Parnassus’s Castalian spring was a source of inspiration; they favoured Parnassus over Mount Helicon as the home of the Muses. Parnassus is rich in bauxite , which is mined and converted into alumina and aluminum at nearby factories. A ski centre was opened above Arachova in 1977. Mount Parnassus, central Greece. in Greece: Eastern Greece: Thessalía and Attikí ...battle of antiquity). The last (and perhaps the most important) of the four spurs thrusting down into eastern Greece is the one that curves away to the southeast through the twin-peaked mass of Mount Parnassós (Parnassus). This mountain, rising to an elevation of 8,061 feet (2,457 metres), was held to be the home of the Muses. The view from its summit at sunrise, with a broad expanse... in Central Greece ...Central Greece, three massifs, offshoots of the Pindus, assume a more easterly trend: the Oeta (Oíti), which reaches 7,060 feet (2,152 m); the Gióna, 8,235 feet (2,510 m); and the Parnassus (Parnassós), 8,061 feet (2,457 m). Outliers of the Parnassus are the Helicon (Elikónas), Kithairón, Párnis, and Imittós (Hymettus), the last a great ridge... 2 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted Reference Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: April 29, 2009 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Parnassus Access Date: January 19, 2017 Share


What is the name of retired gunslinger, played by Clint Eastwood, in the 1992 film ‘Unforgiven’?

Unforgiven (1992) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Retired Old West gunslinger William Munny reluctantly takes on one last job, with the help of his old partner and a young man. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 22 titles created 01 Mar 2011 a list of 28 titles created 21 Mar 2011 a list of 45 titles created 10 Jun 2013 a list of 49 titles created 19 Oct 2013 a list of 25 titles created 5 months ago Search for " Unforgiven " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     4     Oscars. Another    36 wins & 29 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Disgruntled Korean War veteran Walt Kowalski sets out to reform his neighbor, a Hmong teenager who tried to steal Kowalski's prized possession: a 1972 Gran Torino. Director: Clint Eastwood A young recruit in Vietnam faces a moral crisis when confronted with the horrors of war and the duality of man. Director: Oliver Stone Two bounty hunters with the same intentions team up to track down a Western outlaw. Director: Sergio Leone A determined woman works with a hardened boxing trainer to become a professional. Director: Clint Eastwood An in-depth examination of the ways in which the U.S. Vietnam War impacts and disrupts the lives of people in a small industrial town in Pennsylvania. Director: Michael Cimino A bounty hunting scam joins two men in an uneasy alliance against a third in a race to find a fortune in gold buried in a remote cemetery. Director: Sergio Leone A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. Director: Michael Mann As corruption grows in 1950s LA, three policemen - one strait-laced, one brutal, and one sleazy - investigate a series of murders with their own brand of justice. Director: Curtis Hanson Violence and mayhem ensue after a hunter stumbles upon a drug deal gone wrong and more than two million dollars in cash near the Rio Grande. Directors: Ethan Coen, Joel Coen Stars: Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, Josh Brolin In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. Director: Brian De Palma Greed, deception, money, power, and murder occur between two best friends, a mafia underboss and a casino owner, for a trophy wife over a gambling empire. Director: Martin Scorsese Rocky Balboa, a small-time boxer, gets a supremely rare chance to fight heavy-weight champion Apollo Creed in a bout in which he strives to go the distance for his self-respect. Director: John G. Avildsen Edit Storyline The town of Big Whisky is full of normal people trying to lead quiet lives. Cowboys try to make a living. Sheriff 'Little Bill' tries to build a house and keep a heavy-handed order. The town whores just try to get by.Then a couple of cowboys cut up a whore. Dissatisfied with Bill's justice, the prostitutes put a bounty on the cowboys. The bounty attracts a young gun billing himself as 'The Schofield Kid', and aging killer William Munny. Munny reformed for his young wife, and has been raising crops and two children in peace. But his wife is gone. Farm life is hard. And Munny is no good at it. So he calls his old partner Ned, saddles his ornery nag, and rides off to kill one more time, blurring the lines between heroism and villainy, man and myth. Written by Charlie Ness It's a hell of a thing, killing a man Genres: Rated R for language, and violence, and for a scene of sexuality | See all certifications  » Pa


Which actress played nightclub singer Dorothy in the 1986 film ‘Blue Velvet’?

Blue Velvet (1986) Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 )  ( 4 ) Background Blue Velvet (1986) is screenwriter and maverick   director David Lynch's artistically bizarre cult film. It is an original look   at sex, violence, crime and power under the peaceful exterior of small-town   Americana in the mid-80s. Beneath the familiar, peaceful, 'American-dream'   cleanliness of the daytime scenes lurks sleaziness, prostitution, unrestrained   violence, and perversity - powerful and potentially-dangerous sexual forces   that may be unleashed if not contained. A controversial film often criticized   for its depiction of aberrant sexual behavior, the surrealistic, psychosexual   film was a throwback to art films, 50s B-movies and teenage romances, film   noir, and the mystery-suspense genre. Although highly ridiculed and disdained when released as an   extreme, dark, vulgar and disgusting film, it also won critical praise - Best   Film of 1986, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor (Dennis Hopper) and Best   Achievement in Cinematography (Frederick Elmes) by the National Society of   Film Critics. It also received a sole nomination for Best Director from the   Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The plot line of the nightmarish film, a combination of Marquis    De Sade sexual fetishism and a Hardy Boys mystery story, is fairly sketchy.   An innocent, small-town college student (MacLachlan) in a sleepy town discovers   a severed ear, and then finds himself embroiled on the dark side of town   (beyond the white picket fence). He witnesses, first as a voyeur, a sexually-depraved,   blackmailing relationship between a monstrous, loathsome, nitrous-oxide sniffing   kidnapper (Dennis Hopper) and an abused/brutalized mother and fragile nightclub   singer (Isabella Rossellini). In some ways, the two male leads represent   the two dichotomous sides of life (e.g., light/dark, normalcy/aberration,   attraction/repulsion, innocence/experience, perversion/love, virtue/base   desires, etc.) that struggle for dominance. After the hideous crime of violated   innocence is revealed, the vision of the innocent girl-next-door (Laura Dern)   is restored - the "Blinding   Light of Love." The Story The film's credits (viewed with fluid, scripted type-lettering) play above   a slowly undulating blue velvet, fabric backdrop as Angelo Badalamenti's sensual   string score floridly plays. The film dissolves into an unnaturally brilliant,   visually lush, boldly colorful opening with patriotic hues (bright red, white,   and blue) and a nostalgic, dream-like view of a clean, conforming, pastoral   America a la Norman Rockwell. From nearly cloudless, clear aqua-blue skies, the camera    tilts and pans slowly down to a clean white picket fence, in front of which    are planted perfect, budding blood-red roses and yellow tulips. 60s teen    idol/crooner Bobby Vinton sings his rendition of the title song "Blue Velvet" (a    song of longing for a woman, written by Lee Morris and Bernie Wayne). Idyllic    small-town images are presented in silent slow-motion, with hyper-realistic    light and color. A bright-red fire engine truck tranquilly glides down    the suburban US street - a friendly fireman on the running board waves    with a dalmatian next to him. At a school cross-walk, children are safely    allowed to walk across the street by a uniformed, matronly crossing guard   holding a Stop sign. Outside one of the houses [the Beaumont house], a paunchy man effortlessly waters his bright-green lawn with a hose. His wife is inside seated on the couch, watching a daytime mystery/film noir on television (an image of a hand holding a pistol fills the screen). The husband finds that the snake-like hose is kinked and wrapped around some of the shrubbery, causing the hose faucet spigot to hiss loudly and leak water under the increased pressure. Then, the scenes of the superficial, ideal American dream in the green garden (of Eden) suddenly explode. He spasms and


Russia was defeated by which country in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914?

Battle of Tannenberg begins - Aug 26, 1914 - HISTORY.com Battle of Tannenberg begins Publisher A+E Networks On August 26, 1914, the German 8th Army, under the leadership of Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, strikes with lethal force against the advancing Russian 2nd Army, led by General Aleksandr Samsonov, in East Prussia during the opening weeks of the First World War. In the middle of August 1914, much sooner than had been anticipated, Russia sent two armies into East Prussia, while Germany, according to its war strategy, had the bulk of its forces concentrated to the west, against France. The Russian 1st Army, under General Pavel Rennenkampf, advanced to the northeastern corner of East Prussia, while Samsonov’s 2nd Army made headway into the southwest, planning to join with Rennenkampf’s men and pin the outnumbered German 8th Army between them. After a Russian victory in the Battle of Gumbinnen on August 20, however, Rennenkampf paused to regroup his forces. Meanwhile, change was afoot behind the German lines: Helmuth von Moltke, chief of the German general staff, chose to replace the previous leader, Maximilian von Prittwitz, after the latter issued a misguided order for a German retreat to the River Vistula, against the advice of his corps commanders. Hindenburg, a retired general of great stature, and Ludendorff, who had just led the German capture of the Belgian fortress of Liege, arrived in East Prussia and immediately authorized an aggressive counter-action against the Russians, previously planned by a senior staff officer in the region, Colonel Max Hoffmann. Separated by the great Masurian Lakes, the two Russian armies were unable to effectively communicate with each other as to their movements, a circumstance that would prove deadly. Though Ludendorff succumbed to nerves initially, delaying the start of the German attack by one day, Hindenburg was able to calm his subordinate—not for the last time in what would become a fabled partnership. On August 26, after intercepting uuencoded wireless messages from both Samsonov and Rennenkampf, the Germans were able to take Samsonov’s army by surprise with the force of their attack near the village of Tannenberg, to the southwest of the Masurian Lakes. The delay in starting the attack had given Samsonov’s forces more time to advance deeper into the sack formed by the German divisions enveloping them from both sides, the strength of which Samsonov consistently underestimated. After three days of battering by German artillery, Samsonov’s troops began their retreat; more German forces cut off their path and a massive slaughter ensued. In the first hours of August 30, confronting the reality of his army’s collapse, Samsonov went into the forest, away from his staff, and shot himself. In total, over 50,000 Russian soldiers were killed and some 92,000 taken as prisoners in the Battle of Tannenberg—named thus by the Germans in vengeful remembrance of the village, where in 1410 the Poles had defeated the Teutonic Knights. By the end of August, Russia’s ambitious advance in East Prussia in August 1914 had achieved at least one of its goals, albeit at a tremendous cost: two German corps had been removed from the Western to the Eastern Front in order to confront the Russian menace. Though the two corps had not arrived in time to play a role in the Battle of Tannenberg—which would remain the greatest German triumph of the war against Russia on the Eastern Front— they would also be unable to aid their comrades at the Battle of the Marne in early September, when German forces advancing towards Paris were decisively defeated by British and French troops in a crucial victory for the Allies. Related Videos


Sudan Facts, Facts about Sudan capital city, currency, language, population, symbols Sudan Facts Where is Sudan? Situated in northern Africa, Republic of Sudan shares its borders with Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest. What is the capital of Sudan? Khartoum is the capital of Sudan. It is a tripartite metropolis and is located where the two Niles, White and Blue Nile, meet. The etymology of its name is uncertain. It was founded in 1821 by Ibrahim Pasha and was an important point for the slave trading. How big is Sudan? Sudan is the 16th largest country in the world. It covers an area of 728,215 square miles and has an estimated population of 30,894,000. What is the currency of Sudan? The official currency of Sudan is Sudanese Pound. Its ISO 4217 code is SDG and is subdivided into 100 qirish. It is regulated by Bank of Sudan. Which is the largest city of Sudan? Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, is the largest city of Sudan. It has an estimated population of 639,598 and covers a total area of 5,274,321. What is the official language of Sudan? There are more than hundred languages spoken in Sudan. Arabic and English are the official languages of Sudan. What is the religion of Sudan? According to the CIA World Factbook, 97% of the population are Muslims. Remaining 3% of the population adhere to either animist and indigenous beliefs or Christianity. What is the literacy rate of Sudan? The total adult literacy rate of Sudan is 69%. Who is the political leader of Sudan? Sudan is widely known as an authoritarian state where all powers are vested in President. Officially, it is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, where the President is the head of the state, head of the government, and Commander-in-chief of the Army. Omar al-Bashir is the President of Sudan since 1989. He is also the head of the National Congress Party. Ali Osman Taha is the current and the first Vice President of Sudan. He assumed office on July 9, 2011. When is the National Day of Sudan celebrated? National Day of Sudan is celebrated on January 1. On this day in 1956, the first modern Sudanese government was established. The governments of Egypt and Britain agreed on granting Sudan independence by signing a treaty. A special ceremony was held at the People's Palace and the flag of Sudan was hoisted. What is the economy of Sudan like? In 2009, the GDP of Sudan was $ 92.83 billion, while its and Per Capita income was $2,300. Approximately 40% of the population live below poverty line. Unemployment rate stands at 18.7%. Services sector accounts for 38.2% of the GDP, followed by agriculture (32.6%), and industry (29.2%). Oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap and pharmaceuticals are some of the important industries in the country. Major export markets are China, Japan, and Indonesia, while major imports are with China, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, India, and Italy.


Oribi videos, photos and facts - Ourebia ourebi | ARKive Top Oribi biology Oribi are commonly found in pairs or in groups of as many as seven (2) . Such groups usually have a single adult male (2) , and up to three adult females (3) . These groups are territorial (2) , and will mark the boundaries of their territory with urine, faeces and secretions from the preorbital glands on their faces (2) . Active during the day, oribi graze on fresh grass during the wet season, and browse on shrubs when drought occurs. To supplement their diet, oribi visits mineral licks every few days (4) . Although oribi may give birth throughout the year, birthing is said to be most common in the rainy months (4) , when there is plentiful food and cover (2) . After a gestation period of 200 to 210 days, a single young is born (2) . Male oribi become sexually mature by 14 months, while females can conceive at the age of just 10 months (4) . If threatened by a predator, the oribi will remain hiding in tall grass until the predator is within a few metres. It will then leap through the grass and bound along, flashing the conspicuous white underside of its tail which serves as a warning to other oribi (2) . Oribi will also produce a shrill whistle when alarmed and are seen to jump vertically up with all four legs straight and the back arched when they are under threat, known as stotting (4) . Top Oribi range The oribi occurs in the savannah grasslands of Africa south of the Sahara. Haggard’s oribi is found in Kenya and Somalia, and the Kenya oribi was found only in Kenya (2) . Top Oribi status The oribi is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (1) . Two subspecies are recognised: Haggard’s oribi (Ourebia ourebi haggardi) is classified as Vulnerable (VU) and the Kenya oribi (Ourebia ourebi kenyae) is classified as Extinct (EX) (1) . Top Oribi threats The oribi is intensively hunted for food and its habitat is threatened by the development of human settlements (1) (2) , resulting in numbers and distribution of this small antelope being greatly reduced (2) . Top Oribi conservation The oribi is found in several protected areas throughout its range, including Comoé National Park in Cote d'Ivoire and Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (5) , and is the subject of a WWF Species Project (6) . This project aims to track captive-bred oribi after their release into appropriate habitat to research their home ranges and their habitat preferences. The long-term aim of the project is to establish viable wild populations from captive-bred stock (6) .


The Aqua Tower, the first tallest building in the world designed by a team led by a woman, Jeanne Gang, is in which US city?

Aqua Tower – the tower that Jeanne Gang built | Jonathan Glancey | Art and design | The Guardian Architecture Aqua Tower – the tower that Jeanne Gang built With its rippling facade and vast green roof, Chicago's Aqua Tower is a revelation. It's also the tallest building in the world to be designed by a woman Swaggeringly high ... Jeanne Gang's Aqua building. Photograph: Steve Hall/Studio Gang Tuesday 20 October 2009 16.35 EDT First published on Tuesday 20 October 2009 16.35 EDT Share on Messenger Close Jeanne Gang spent her childhood holidays out on the road with her family, looking at the bold new bridges and roads springing up across America. Her father, a civil engineer, also took her to natural wonders like the Grand Canyon and the towering rock formations of the Great Lakes in Michigan. Gang grew up to be an architect with her own practice, Studio Gang, and now elements of what she saw on those road trips have come together in her first skyscraper, the Aqua Tower, a $308m (£188m) addition to downtown Chicago's architectural splendours. The Aqua Tower, rising up in a dance of ever-changing concrete forms, is very different from its neighbours. Seen from the sidewalk, it really does have the look of a multi-layered Lake Michigan rock formation, albeit one that towers above the city. This is a Chicago landmark that has broken out of the city-wide straitjacket of right angles and smooth surfaces – as if Gaudi had taken up skyscraper design, or a spinning ballerina had morphed into a building. It all began three years ago at a dinner following a Frank Gehry lecture in Chicago. Gang found herself sitting with architect and developer James R Loewenberg, who asked her to take a preliminary design for his Aqua Tower and make it sing. She jumped at the chance. After all, at 819ft, the Aqua Tower would be the world's biggest skyscraper designed by a woman (or, to be more precise, the tallest building in the world designed by a female-run architectural practice). Skyscrapers are traditionally seen as an expression of overbearing male libido, a sort of mine's-taller-than-yours competition. So, even today, it is a surprise to find a woman building so swaggeringly high. (Zaha Hadid currently has skyscraper projects in five cities, but none completed). Gang politely dismisses such hackneyed assumptions. She is, after all, part of a team. "Our working method is very collaborative. Having said that, at least half, maybe more, of the staff here are women. I just think it's natural. I've always wanted to build. I was encouraged to make and repair things by my parents. But OK, I can't hide the fact that it's great to have done a skyscraper, even if I never do one again." Gang, who wanted to be an engineer before she decided on architecture, grew up in a small town near Chicago. She says she thinks of the city as a mountain range rising up from the flat Illinois plains that flank Lake Michigan. "When we got the commission, we were partly thinking of building a mountain. But, being steeped in engineering, I also saw the project as a work of urban infrastructure. The tower is a machine plugged into the city – working for people – as well as being a kind of peak, or rock formation." Behind its weaving balconies, this 82-storey residential and hotel tower is a largely conventional building. Conventional in plan, that is, but unexpected in terms of form, and laced through with amenities and luxuries. Although it opens in the middle of the worst recession to hit the US since the 1930s, most of its 740 flats have been sold. From its waltzing balconies, the tower offers fabulous views of the city and its other skyscrapers, of the recently completed Millennium Park, and, of course, of Lake Michigan. It also boasts a swimming pool, sky gardens, a library and a billiard room. Meanwhile, an eight-floor terrace projecting over the entrance offers a running track and open-air hot tubs. The tower's garden roof is Chicago's most extensive. Yet, despite this rippling tower's presence and sparkle, and the fact that it will bring Studio Gang international


What is Lake Kinnernet in Israel known as in the Bible?

Sea of Galilee | lake, Israel | Britannica.com Sea of Galilee Alternative Titles: Buḥayrat Ṭabarīyā, Lake of Gennesaret, Lake Tiberias, Sea of Kinerot, Sea of Kinneret, Yam Kinneret Related Topics Asia Sea of Galilee, also called Lake Tiberias, Arabic Buḥayrat Ṭabarīyā, Hebrew Yam Kinneret, lake in Israel through which the Jordan River flows. It is famous for its biblical associations; its Old Testament name was Sea of Chinnereth, and later it was called the Lake of Gennesaret. From 1948 to 1967 it was bordered immediately to the northeast by the cease-fire line with Syria . Sea of Galilee, Israel. Nadavspi Physical features The lake has a surface area of 64 square miles (166 square km). Its maximum depth, measured in the northeast, is 157 feet (48 metres). Extending 13 miles (21 km) from north to south and 7 miles (11 km) from east to west, it is pear-shaped. Its surface elevation was long given as 686 feet (209 metres) below sea level, but for decades the annual water level generally has been 6.5 to 13 feet (2 to 4 metres) below the traditional level. Mountains rising beyond the Sea of Galilee, Israel. © AbleStock.com/Jupiterimages The Sea of Galilee is located in the great depression of the Jordan . The Plain of Gennesaret extends in a circular arc from the north to the northwest, and the Plain of Bet Ẓayda (Buteiha) in Syria extends to the northeast. To the west and southwest, the hills of Lower Galilee fall abruptly to the lake’s edge. In the mid-eastern sections, the cliffs of the Golan Heights overlook the lake. The plateau reappears again in the southeast, becoming larger as it approaches the valley of the Yarmūk River , a tributary that has its confluence with the Jordan a short distance to the south of the lake. Also to the south, the plain of the Ghawr (Ghor) begins, but the Sea of Galilee is separated from it by a narrow ridge through which the Jordan River flows. Similar Topics Chilka Lake The greatest part of the region is covered by basalts that have been formed since the Miocene Epoch (about 23 to 5.3 million years ago) and that are part of the vast area of Mount Durūz , located in Syria. Since the Miocene Epoch began, lacustrine limestones and marls (calcareous clays) have been deposited. The Jordan Valley is part of the East African Rift System , which forms the deep trench through which a tributary of the Jordan River passes to the east of the lake. Smaller and less-important faults occur to the west. The depression was hollowed out at the end of the Pliocene Epoch (about 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago) and was partially filled in again by lacustrine and fluvial sediments. During the humid periods of the Quaternary Period (the past 2.6 million years), the Dead Sea extended up to this point. During the last pluvial period, about 20,000 years ago, a great lake called the Lake of Lisan covered the region. Since then the waters have receded. Because of its sheltered location, low elevation, and the influence of the lake itself, the winters are mild, with temperatures averaging 57 °F (14 °C) in January. The absence of freezing temperatures has facilitated the cultivation of bananas, dates, citrus fruit, and vegetables. The summers are hot, with temperatures averaging 88 °F (31 °C), and the precipitation—almost 15 inches (380 mm) at Deganya—falls, in the course of a winter of less than 50 days, in the form of brief but violent showers. The Sea of Galilee is fed primarily by the Jordan River. Other streams and wadis (seasonal watercourses) flow into the lake from the hills of Galilee. In the rivers associated with the lake and at the bottom of the lake itself are many mineral deposits. Because of those deposits and because of the strong evaporation, the lake’s waters are relatively salty. Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent Because of a pleasant climate, level topography , fertile soil, and relatively abundant water, the rivers flowing into the lake and the adjacent plains have throughout history been the source of livelihood for various peoples. At El-ʿUbeidīya, 2 miles (3 km) south of the lake, lacustrine formation


Who played Martha Jones in the UK tv series Doctor Who?

Freema __, actress who played Martha Jones in BBC TV series Doctor Who - crossword puzzle clues & answers - Dan Word «Let me solve it for you» Freema __, actress who played Martha Jones in BBC TV series Doctor Who Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Freema __, actress who played Martha Jones in BBC TV series Doctor Who. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Here are the possible solutions for "Freema __, actress who played Martha Jones in BBC TV series Doctor Who" clue. It was last seen in British general knowledge crossword. We have 1 possible answer in our database. Possible answer:


Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in Canada during which month of the year?

Thanksgiving Day in Canada Home   Calendar   Holidays   Canada   Thanksgiving Day Thanksgiving Day in Canada Thanksgiving Day in Canada has been a holiday on the second Monday of October since 1957. It is a chance for people to give thanks for a good harvest and other fortunes in the past year. Thanksgiving Day in Canada is linked to the European tradition of harvest festivals. Thanksgiving Day in Canada is linked to the European tradition of harvest festivals. ©iStockphoto.com/Olga Lyubkina What Do People Do? Many people have a day off work on the second Monday of October. They often use the three-day Thanksgiving weekend to visit family or friends who live far away, or to receive them in their own homes. Many people also prepare a special meal to eat at some point during the long weekend. Traditionally, this included roast turkey and seasonal produce, such as pumpkin, corn ears and pecan nuts. Now, the meal may consist of other foods, particularly if the family is of non-European descent. The Thanksgiving weekend is also a popular time to take a short autumn vacation. This may be the last chance in a while for some people to use cottages or holiday homes before winter sets in. Other popular activities include outdoor breaks to admire the spectacular colors of the Canadian autumn, hiking, and fishing. Fans of the teams in the Canadian Football League may spend part of the weekend watching the Thanksgiving Day Classic matches. Public Life Thanksgiving Day is a national public holiday in Canada. Many people have the day off work and all schools and post offices are closed. Many stores and other businesses and organizations are also closed. Public transport services may run to a reduced timetable or may not run at all. Background The native peoples of the Americas held ceremonies and festivals to celebrate the completion and bounty of the harvest long before European explorers and settlers arrived in what is now Canada. Early European thanksgivings were held to give thanks for some special fortune. An early example is the ceremony the explorer Martin Frobisher held in 1578 after he had survived the long journey in his quest to find a northern passage from Europe to Asia. Many thanksgivings were held following noteworthy events during the 18th century. Refugees fleeing the civil war in the United States brought the custom of an annual thanksgiving festival to Canada. From 1879, Thanksgiving Day was held every year but the date varied and there was a special theme each year. The theme was the "Blessings of an abundant harvest" for many years. However, Queen Victoria's golden and diamond jubilees and King Edward VII's coronation formed the theme in later years. From the end of the First World War until 1930, both Armistice Day and Thanksgiving Day were celebrated on the Monday closest to November 11, the anniversary of the official end of hostilities in World War I. In 1931, Armistice Day was renamed Remembrance Day and Thanksgiving Day was moved to a Monday in October. Since 1957, Thanksgiving Day has always been held on the second Monday in October. Symbols Thanksgiving Day in Canada is linked to the European tradition of harvest festivals. A common image seen at this time of year is a cornucopia, or horn, filled with seasonal fruit and vegetables. The cornucopia, which means "Horn of Plenty" in Latin, was a symbol of bounty and plenty in ancient Greece. Turkeys, pumpkins, ears of corn and large displays of food are also used to symbolize Thanksgiving Day. Thanksgiving Day Observances


Charles Merivale of Cambridge University and Charles Wordsworth of Oxford University started which annual tradition in 1829?

The annual rowing event - The Boat Race 2010 - between Oxford and Cambridge. [ ? ]Subscribe To This Site Rowing Competition - The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race 2010 The annual rowing competition between Oxford University and Cambridge University, sponsored by Xchanging, usually takes place on either the last Saturday of March or the first Saturday of April. The Oxford Cambridge Boat Race 2010 took place on Saturday, 3rd April, during the Easter holiday weekend. This Boat Race was originally the idea of two Harrow school friends, Charles Merivale, who went to Cambridge University, and Charles Wordsworth, who went to Oxford University. In 1829, Cambridge initiated the move and sent a challenge to Oxford. After the race in1829 which was competed at Henley-on-Thames, other boat races took place at Westminster in central London. And because of its popularity it quickly became overcrowded. In 1845, the rowing event had to be moved about six miles upstream to Putney, where it stayed to the present day. This popular rowing event, the 156th Boat Race between the "Light Blues" (Cambridge University) and the "Dark Blues" (Oxford University) has been competed annually since 1856, apart from the years during the two world wars. It has been the tradition of the boat race that the loser of the previous year’s race challenges the opposition to a re-match. Over a quarter of a million people lined both banks of the Thames River and the event starts from Putney Bridge and finishes yards before Chiswick Bridge - a distance of 4 miles and 374 yards. This annual rowing competition was televised by the BBC and watched by over 8 miilion viewers in the UK and many more millions of international audience in 180 countries. The competition is a major international sporting event and makes it the most viewed single day rowing event in the world.


The ‘Vichy Regime’ described the government of which European country during World War II?

BBC - History -   World Wars: The Vichy Policy on Jewish Deportation The Vichy Policy on Jewish Deportation By Paul Webster Last updated 2011-02-17 The story of the Vichy regime during World War Two - particularly the part it played in the deportation of Jews - was kept quiet for years. Eventually, and slowly, however, the tale of its betrayal of the Jewish community in France has emerged - as Paul Webster reports. On this page Print this page Introduction The rescue of 7,000 Jews from Nazi-occupied Denmark in January 1943 has passed from history into legend. With the help of the Danish civil service and police, and the encouragement of King Christian X, almost the entire Jewish population was smuggled out of the country overnight, to neutral Sweden, without alerting the occupying forces. ... Hungary resisted Nazi demands to hand over Jews ... It was the most daring of all such actions to save Jews from Nazi persecution through the years of World War Two, but great risks were also taken elsewhere. In 1941, in occupied Holland, for example, Communist trade unionists held protest strikes - ending with the deportation of leading demonstrators. Even some pro-German states took a stand. Fascist Hungary resisted Nazi demands to hand over Jews until the country was invaded in 1944. Italy had anti-Semitic laws, but nevertheless defended French Jews in south-eastern France, which was occupied by the Italian army, and thus saved thousands of lives. The last example is the most relevant to the tragic French experience, whose consequences are yet to be resolved. More than 60 years after a collaborationist French government helped deport 75,721 Jewish refugees and French citizens to Nazi death camps, the national conscience has still not fully come to terms with the betrayal of a community persecuted by French anti-Semitic laws. Top French background After the 1789 Revolution, France was the first European country to emancipate Jews, and despite periodic resurgences of anti-Semitism the country had Europe's second biggest Jewish community - 330,000 - by 1939. About half were recent refugees from elsewhere in Europe, convinced that they would be protected by France's commitments on political and religious asylum. ... fears ... France was on the verge of a Bolshevik revolution ... By the turn of the century, however, anti-Semitism was being encouraged by the anti-republican movement Action Francaise, which had a strong following in the Catholic Church, as well as in the army, civil service and the judiciary. The movement supported extremists who believed that Jews could never integrate into a Christian country and were potential traitors. A virulent racist campaign intensified in 1936, when the Socialist Popular Front government was led by a Jewish prime minister, Léon Blum. His appointment added to the fears of those convinced that France was on the verge of a Bolshevik revolution, aided by Jews. These fears intensified, and dominated the French administration during the years of World War Two. The lightning defeat of the French army by the Germans in June 1940 brought down the democratic Third Republic, which was replaced by a French state, headed by 84-year-old Maréchal Philippe Pétain, who had fought in World War One. He set up his capital at Vichy, a spa in the Auvergne. The Germans had divided France into occupied and non-occupied zones, leaving Pétain's administration in charge of about two-fifths of the country - including the cities of Lyon and Marseille. Top Jewish Statute Despite autonomy from German policies, Pétain brought in legislation setting up a Jewish Statute in October 1940. By then about 150,000 Jews had crossed what was known as the Demarcation Line to seek protection from Vichy in the south - only to find they were subjected to fierce discrimination along lines practised by the Germans in the north. ... 3,000 died of poor treatment ... Jews were eventually banned from the professions, show business, teaching, the civil service and journalism. After an intense propaganda campaign, Jewish businesses were 'aryani


Pato, a game played on horseback, is the national sport of which South American country?

Pato: Argentina’s National Sport ‹ The Argentina Independent Pato: Argentina’s National Sport 24th February 2010  Daniel Edwards 302 What do you think is Argentina’s national sport? It has to be football surely, hundreds of thousands of people streaming through turnstiles every week to fill the stadiums? Wrong. Ok maybe tennis at a push, very popular again, Argentine players litter the top 100 rankings. No, try again. The more cynical amongst us might say protesting, eating beef or hoarding monedas, but again you would be well off the mark. The actual sport of the nation plays like a cross between polo and basketball, frequently ends in broken bones and used to be played with a live duck. I am, of course, talking about Pato. Scoring a goal (Photo: Beatrice Murch) A Potted History of Pato: Just as football was popularised in England through mass games between villagers taking a rest from working the fields, the sport was established by gauchos breaking up the tedium of watching their herds in the Argentine pampa. There are written records of pato being played as early as 1610, and complaints of its violence and risk of injury and death dating from 1796. The name comes from the role played by the aforementioned unfortunate duck (pato in Spanish); instead of a ball, the duck was placed in a basket with handles around it and tossed between mounted players, with the object of scoring in a net at the end of the field. Back in the game’s formative years the definition of field was rather loose; games often were played between neighbouring ranches over miles and miles of empty countryside. And just as football in the middle ages was subject to church and state repression for its perceived immorality, so did pato face the iron fist of the authorities – numerous decrees in the 19th century sought to outlaw the sport, and by the turn of the 20th the sport had largely diminished. The sport however resurfaced in the 1930s, more regulated and standardised than before. Ducks everywhere breathed a sigh of relief as their role was eliminated from the game, instead modern pato is played with a leather ball resembling a volleyball, surrounded by six wooden handles for easier grip- important when trying to scoop the ball up on a horse at full gallop. The game slowly gained respect as an organised, proper sport, and was even declared Argentina’s “national sport” in 1953 by President Juan Perón, in an acknowledgement of pato’s role as a symbol of Argentine nationalism and the gaucho spirit which endows its citizens. It was never able however to match either the popular appeal of football or the upper-class allure of polo, and today it remains a sport primarily for aficionados and agricultural workers in the sprawling countryside that surrounds Buenos Aires. Photo by Jorgelina Tuñon These Men Can Ride! After a season ravaged by an unusually wet Buenos Aires spring and many frustrating weekends of cancelled matches, I was able to witness pato first hand on a beautiful December afternoon. Taking place in the “home of pato”, a sports ground located near the Campo de Mayo military complex, two games were played that were to decide who played in the grand finale the following week. The most striking aspect of the sport is the incredible skill shown by the riders. The players often find themselves hanging off their steeds at high speed to pluck the ball off the ground, and the nerve and steady hand to throw the ball into the basket while galloping and being harassed by opponents is very impressive. Even more so when you consider none of the players are professional; the majority are farm workers who play the sport in their spare time, directly mirroring the gauchos of old. Sebastian Tuñon, one of three brothers who play the sport professionally, explained that “we don’t have the money in pato that polo has, for instance. None of us can give up work and play professionally; indeed it probably costs us because none of the equipment comes cheap. We do it however because we love the sport and we love playing it.” The Perils of Pato Injuries happen to ri