Which English painter, the co-founder and first president of the Royal Academy, was the principal court painter to George III ?

Full text of "The Worshipful company of painters, otherwise painter-stainers : its hall, pictures, and plate" See other formats THE LIBRARY  OF  THE UNIVERSITY  OF CALIFORNIA  LOS ANGELES   tjC^   ^^^^^-^   /   2--c:»   THE WORSHIPFUL COMPANY  OF PAINTERS,  otherwise PAINTER-STAINERS.   Trinted by  'blades, East & Blades,  2), Abcburch Lane, London, E.C.   The Worshipful Company  of PAINTERS,  otherwise PAINTER-STAINERS  ITS HALL, PICTURES, and PLATE.     by  W. Hayward Pitman, C.C.,  Chairman of the Library Committee of the Corporation of London, tc)0^, and Upper Warden of the Company, ipo^-6.   Imprinted for the Author. London: 1906.     INTRODUCTION.  HAyE pleasure in presenting this account of our j^ncient Guild, 0^&> its Hall, Tictiires, and Tlate, to the Master, M^ardens and Livery- men of the Tainter-Stainers' Company, and in asking their acceptance of this little volume.   It is practically a reprint of a lecture which, at the invitation of the Council of the London and Middlesex ^Archaeological Society, I was privi- leged to read before the members of that Society when they visited the Hall on November iSth last year.  545178   / desire to express my ohligations to my colleagues of the Court of zAssistants for so readily permitting the taking of the photographs of the Silver and Pictures necessary to produce the illustrations. These, one hopes, may prove not the least interesting portion of this Brochure.   June, 1906.   W.H.T.    CONTENTS.  Introduction _ . _  Master, Wardens, and Assistants Charters  The Hall - - - - Books . - - .  Patron Saint _ _ _  Pictures _ _ _ _ Pictures in the Hall Pictures in Court Room Plate -----   PAGE.  9  19  22  26  33 36 37 47 49   "NN^r! L    ILLUSTRATIONS.  PAGE.  The Author _ . _ _ fiicing ii  Picture — Camden the Historian - 17  Picture of Master and Wardens, 1631 28  Silver — Camden and other Cups - 50  Silver Spoons and Salts - - - 52  Past Master's Medal - - - 13  Arms of the Company - - - 13    W. Hayward Pitman,  Upper Warden, 1905-6.   ARMS of the COMPANY.   Past Master's Medal.   cA^   "'CMay the Tamter-Stamers' Company Flourish, l^ot and Branch, for ever."   The Worshipful Company of Painters, otherwise Painter-Stainers.   1906.  Master : JOHN GERARD LAING, B.A.  Upper Warden : W. HAYWARD PITMAN, C.C.  Renter JVarden : JOHN CHARLES NICHOLSON.  Treasurers to the Charities ;  WILFRED NICHOLSON. MAWER COWTAN COWTAN.  Treasurer of Corporate Funds, W. HAYWARD PITMAN, C.C.   ^ssista7its :  John Dibblee Grace.  Moses Jacoby.  Julius Warburg.  William Lutwyche.  Peter Thomas Lironi.  Harris Heal.  Rowland Plumbe, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.  William James Cloake.  Frederick Bessant Williams, F.S.S.  Isaac H. Donaldson.  William Rome, J.P., F.S.A., Deputy.  George Taylor, C.C.  William Dunn.  John William Burton.  George Clulow.  The above have served the office of 5\Iaster.  Charles Francis Parslow.  Richard White.  William Davison Barnett.  Sir Edward John Poynter, Bart., President,  Royal Academy. Thomas Murray Janes, C.C. OcTAvius Francis Peall. James Walter John Kennedy. Alfred Tisley. James William Smith.  THOS. H. PRITCHARD, Clerk.   Wm. Camden, Historian and Antiquarian.   The Painter-Stainers' Company : its Hall, Pictures, and Plate.  by  W. HAYWARD PITMAN, C.C,  Chairman of the Library Com?nittee of the Corporation of London, 1905, and Upper Warden of the Company, 1905-6.   " The Painters' Company is an ancient art and mystery, and  HATH time out OF MIND BEEN AN ANCIENT CoMPANY AND FELLOWSHIP IN THE CiTY OF LONDON."  HESE are the words of an old record, and it would not be difficult for me to trace in outline the earliest history and growth of the Company. I propose, however, to-day, to refer to the Charters, the books, and the various documents of the Company, which are on the tables before us, and let them recite their own tale.   1 8 The Vainier-Stainers' Company.  The oldest documen


'A Kiss Before Dying', 'Rosemary's Baby' and 'The Stepford Wives' were hugely successful films in the 1960's and 70's. Who wrote the novels on which these films were based?

The Kind of Face You Hate: October 2012 The Kind of Face You Slash - Day 31: Till My Ghastly Tale is Told I've decided, for this last post, to end at the beginning, the metaphorical beginning, sort of, anyway. In terms of modern horror, though, the night in 1816, in a house off of Lake Geneva in Switzerland, when Percy Shelley, Mary Shelley, John Polidori, and one other person I don't care about, gathered together for probably all sorts of reasons, but left the rest of the world who couldn't get in on that action one of the greatest novels in the horror genre, and also a short story that's kind of a piece of shit. So let us hop into my Delorean and, as Christopher Lloyd once so famously urged, go "all the way backwards into the past." Not that this post is going to be about that night. It's not even going to be about Frankenstein, or how much or how little credit Percy Shelley should get for that great novel. I know there's a push these days to shift focus away from Mary and over to Percy as the real brains, or at least the real stylist, behind Frankenstein, but for one thing, I simply don't care, and I will always consider Mary the author, and for another thing as terrific as the book is, almost front to back (it's not perfect, obviously, but whatever) the core brilliance of it is in the ideas. Frankenstein is one of those perfect ideas that is so rich that other writers have been able to play off it, quite rewardingly even, again and again in the almost two hundred years since, with the understanding, always explicit, that this is Mary Shelley's ground, we know that, but it can't be left alone. It's too good. No, this post is going to be about a later Mary Shelley story, as well as, apart from Frankenstein, the only other complete work of fiction to come out of that evening, John Polidori's The Vampyre: A Tale, which is now considered to be the first vampire story, as we might think of those, ever written. It gave birth to the genre, basically, so that's an accomplishment. But, you know...it's sort of lousy. This is not an original opinion. I'm not sure anybody now really likes "The Vampyre," and having read it now I find no reason to push against that tide of negativity. The story is, two guys suddenly find themselves moving into London society at the same time. One of them, our hero, is Aubrey, a young man who fell ass-backwards into a pile of money when his parents died, and is beholden in any way only to his sister, who I guess also got a wad of cash out of the deal, so he, Aubrey, a romantic fellow, enters London society, and is found by the ladies of that society to be most winning: He was handsome, frank, and rich: for these reasons, upon his entering into the gay circles, many mothers surrounded him, striving which should describe with least truth their languishing or romping favourites: the daughters at the same time, by their brightening countenances when he approached, and by their sparkling eyes, when he opened his lips, soon led him into false notions of his talents and his merit. You get the gist: swelled head, handsome fellow, romping favourites. But he's no dummy, and the romantic notions of life and women that he'd picked up from books he soon realizes is maybe kind of bogus. However, then he meets Lord Ruthven, the other, more mysterious, person to recently enter high society. Lord Ruthven's face bears a "deadly hue," he has one "dead gray eye," (I think it's just the one) and he stares at people a lot, doesn't talk much, but the ladies seem to take to him, as well. For example: Lady Mercer, who had been the mockery of every monster shewn in drawing-rooms since her marriage, threw herself in his way, and did all but put on the dress of a mountebank, to attract his notice: - though in vain: - when she stood before him, though his eyes were apparently fixed upon hers, still it seemed as if they were unperceived; even her unappalled impudence was baffled, and she left the field. That is ice cold, baffling a lady's unappalled impudence like that. And perhaps you noticed that unbelieva


Which Dutch painter, famous for his portraits, was the principal court painter to Charles II ?

Peter Lely (Pepys' Diary) Life Nymphs by a Fountain, an atypical mythological work Lely was born Pieter van der Faes to Dutch parents in Soest in Westphalia , [1] where his father was an officer serving in the armed forces of the Elector of Brandenburg . Lely studied painting in Haarlem , where he may have been apprenticed to Pieter de Grebber . He became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Haarlem in 1637. He is reputed to have adopted the surname "Lely" (also occasionally spelled Lilly ) from a heraldic lily on the gable of the house where his father was born in The Hague . He arrived in London in around 1641, which was marked by the death of Anthony van Dyck in December. His early English paintings, mainly mythological or religious scenes, or portraits set in a pastoral landscape, show influences from Anthony van Dyck and the Dutch baroque . Lely's portraits were well received, and he succeeded Anthony van Dyck as the most fashionable portrait artist in England. He became a freeman of the Painter-Stainers' Company in 1647 and was portrait artist to Charles I . His talent ensured that his career was not interrupted by Charles's execution, and he served Oliver Cromwell , whom he painted "warts and all", and Richard Cromwell . In the years around 1650 the poet Sir Richard Lovelace wrote two poems about Lely – Peinture and "See what a clouded majesty ..." Peter Lely - Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich After the English Restoration in 1660, Lely was appointed as Charles II 's Principal Painter in Ordinary in 1661, with a stipend of £200 per year, as Van Dyck had enjoyed in the previous Stuart reign. Lely became a naturalised English subject in 1662. The young Robert Hooke came to London to follow an apprenticeship with Lely before being given a place at Westminster School by Richard Busby . Demand was high, and Lely and his large workshop were prolific. After Lely painted a sitter's head, Lely's pupils would often complete the portrait in one of a series of numbered poses. As a result, Lely is the first English painter who has left "an enormous mass of work", although the quality of studio pieces is variable. As Brian Sewell put it: There may well be thousands of these portraits, ranging from rare prime originals of often quite astonishing quality, to crass workshop replicas by assistants drilled to imitate Lely’s way with the fashionable face and repeat the stock patterns of the dress, landscapes, flowers, musical instruments and other essential embellishments of portraiture. On Lely’s death in 1680 his executors employed a dozen such slaves to complete for sale the many unfinished canvases stacked about his studio. It is these half-and-half and hardly-at-all Lelys that line the corridors of the indigent aristocracy whose houses are now administered by the National Trust, and no sight is more aesthetically and intellectually numbing, unless it is a corridor of Knellers. [2] Among his most famous paintings are a series of 10 portraits of ladies from the Royal court, known as the " Windsor Beauties ", formerly at Windsor Castle but now at Hampton Court Palace ; a similar series for Althorp ; a series of 12 of the admirals and captains who fought in the Second Anglo-Dutch War , known as the " Flagmen of Lowestoft ", now mostly owned by the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich ; and his Susannah and the Elders at Burghley House . James VII and II , Duke of York, 1661 His most famous non-portrait work is probably Nymphs by a fountain in Dulwich Picture Gallery . Lely played a significant role in introducing the mezzotint to Britain, as he realized its possibilities for publicising his portraits. He encouraged Dutch mezzotinters to come to Britain to copy his work, laying the foundations for the English mezzotint tradition. Lely was knighted in 1680. He died soon afterwards at his easel in Covent Garden , while painting a portrait of the Duchess of Somerset, and was buried at St Paul's Church, Covent Garden . Legacy His collection of Old Masters , including Veronese , Titian , Claude Lorrain and Rubens , and a fabulous c


The Five Largest Freshwater Lochs in Scotland - Holiday Parks The Five Largest Freshwater Lochs in Scotland The Five Largest Freshwater Lochs in Scotland January 22, 2013 at 2:44 pm The Five Largest Freshwater Lochs in Scotland: Lochs by Volume, Area, Length and Depth Loch Ness might get almost all the press when it comes to the Scottish Lochs, but it’s by no means the largest or longest. There are at least 31,460 lochs in Scotland, and out of these, there are lochs that are deeper, longer and larger in area than Loch Ness. Loch is simply the Scottish Gaelic and Irish word for a lake or sea inlet, and there is only one natural body of water called a ‘lake’ in Scotland: Lake Menteith. This article is a guide to the five largest lochs by volume, area, length and depth. Holiday Parks offer breaks at Lomond Woods at Loch Lomond – the largest loch in Scotland by surface area.   5 Largest Scottish Lochs by Volume Loch Ness is by far the largest loch in Scotland by volume, and it contains more water than all of the lakes in England and Wales combined. Of course, it’s apparently the home of the fabled Loch Ness monster, and this huge volume of water has given Nessy plenty of space to hide over since her modern ‘sighting’ in 1933. 5 Largest Scottish Lochs by Area Loch Ness wins for volume for its consistent depth for its area, but Loch Lomond actually has a considerably larger surface area. Most originated from glacial over deepening of the valleys they now occupy, and are subsequently long and thin in shape. Loch Lomond has a bulbous southern expanse of water, which gives it a greater surface area than the other lochs. 5 Longest Scottish Lochs Loch Awe is the longest loch – just beating Loch Ness by 2km. It is located to the West of Loch Lomond in Argylle and Bute. While it has a length of 41km, it has an average width of 1km. It is particularly well renowned for trout and salmon – so if you’re a keen fisher, then Loch Awe is a good spot. 5 Deepest Scottish Lochs by Depth Loch Morar is the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles, at a depth of 310m. Much like Loch Ness, it’s home to a legendary monster – dubbed morag by the locals. Loch Morar would be able to fit the newly opened London building The Shard, which is also 310m in height, exactly in its depth.


Which horse, trained by the father of the jockey Ruby Walsh, won the 2000 Grand National?

Ruby Walsh - Grand National Winning Jockey Ruby Walsh /in Jockeys , National Legends /by Simone Wright Ruby Walsh is one of the most famous and successful jockeys in the world. Son of the former champion amateur jockey Ted Walsh, Ruby Walsh won his first Irish amateur title in 1996/7 at just 18 yers of age and then again in 1997/8, before turning professional. At just 20 years old he rode to victory in the Aintree Grand National in 2000 at his first attempt, on Papillon, a horse trained by his father. Father and son then went on to win the Irish Grand National with Commanche Court the same year. In the 2004/5 season Walsh won three of the four Nationals: the Irish on the 2006 Grand National winner, Numbersixvalverde , the Welsh on subsequent 2007 Grand National winner Silver Birch , and the English on Hedgehunter. To date Walsh has ridden over nineteen hundred winners including 37 winners at the Cheltenham Festival since his first win in 1998 on Alexander Banquet including the 2007 Cheltenham Gold Cup on the favourite, Kauto Star and a second Queen Mother success in 2008 on the brilliant five-year-old Master Minded as well as a treble on opening day of the 2013 Festival. In 2007, Walsh won the inaugural British Horseracing Board Jockeys’ Order of Merit award. He was also Champion jockey at the 2010 Cheltenham festival though had disappointing rides on bookie favourites Big Bucks and Kauto Star and in March 2011, Walsh rode Hurricane Fly to victory in the Champion Hurdle at Cheltenham, finishing ahead of Peddlers Cross and Oscar Whisky. It was Walsh’s first victory in the feature race of the opening day at the Cheltenham Festival. Walsh has ridden in 10 Grand Nationals with two wins under belt but 2012 was yet another disappointment as history appeared to repeat itself and, as in 2010, Walsh was injured in the same earlier race on the day when he fell from Zarkandar and could not compete in the National on On His Own who fell at fence 22 when ridden by replacement jockey Paul Townend who was moved from The Midnight Club. Hoping that more luck was on his side in 2013, Walsh renewed his partnership with the Willie Mullins and Graham Wylie owned On His Own but it was not to be and he fell at Valentine’s on the second circuit. At the 2014 Cheltenham Festival he won the opening race and followed it up with more wins as the week progressed before falling midway through the JCB Triumph Hurdle and was then hit by Adriana Des Mottes. That resulted in a compound fracture to his arm and he will not be able to race in the 2014 Grand National. FOLLOW RUBY ON TWITTER


Who defeated Adlai Stevenson in the US Presidential Election in November 1952 ?

United States presidential election of 1952 | United States government | Britannica.com United States presidential election of 1952 United States government United States presidential election of 1952, American presidential election held on November 4, 1952, in which Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower easily defeated Democrat Adlai E. Stevenson . Results of the American presidential election, 1952… Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. "I Like Ike" animated television commercial for Republican presidential candidate Dwight D. … Archival footage supplied by the Internet Moving Images Archive (at archive.org) in association with Prelinger Archives Primaries and conventions Without an incumbent candidate in the White House , there was intense interest in who would win the nomination of each of the two major parties. There was also speculation as to whether a serious third-party candidacy, like Strom Thumond ’s Dixiecrat bid in 1948 , would materialize, particularly for Douglas MacArthur , the general who led United Nations forces in Korea until he was relieved of his duties in 1951 for insubordination by Pres. Harry S. Truman . Party primaries for convention delegates were held between March 11 and June 3 in the following order: New Hampshire , Minnesota , Nebraska, Wisconsin, Illinois , New Jersey, Pennsylvania , New York , Massachusetts, Maryland, Ohio , West Virginia , Oregon, Florida, California , and South Dakota . Primary elections were optional in three other states—Alabama, Arkansas , and Georgia—and were set by state committees. As the campaign of 1952 had neared, Eisenhower let it be known that he was a Republican, and the eastern wing of that party, headed by Gov. Thomas E. Dewey of New York, the party’s unsuccessful nominee in 1948, made an intensive effort to persuade Eisenhower to seek the Republican presidential nomination. His name was entered in several state primaries against the more conservative Sen. Robert A. Taft of Ohio. Although the results were mixed, Eisenhower decided to run. In June 1952 the five-star general retired from the army after 37 years of service, returned to the United States , and began to campaign actively. Similar Topics United States presidential election of 1988 The Republican National Convention was held in Chicago , July 7–11. After a bitter fight with Taft supporters, Eisenhower won the nomination on the first ballot. Eisenhower selected as his running mate Sen. Richard M. Nixon of California, who had strong anticommunist credentials. Among the pledges of the Republicans was to end the Korean War and to support the Taft-Hartley Act , which restricted the activities of labour unions. Scenes from the 1952 Republican National Convention, in which Senator Robert A. Taft and General … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Democrats held their convention in Chicago two weeks later. The Democratic National Convention was marked by disarray, particularly between delegates who supported civil rights (largely from Northern states) and those opposed (primarily from Southern states). A requirement was adopted that the delegations pledge to support the eventual nominee and the party platform. A number of candidates vied for the nomination, including Sen. Estes Kefauver of Tennessee and Sen. Richard Russell of Georgia . Adlai E. Stevenson, the governor of Illinois, had refused to seek the nomination, but he was drafted by the convention as a compromise choice and was nominated on the third ballot. He chose as his running mate a Southerner, Sen. John Sparkman of Alabama . In contrast to the Republicans, the Democrats pledged to repeal the Taft-Hartley Act and called for the continuation of policies pursued by Truman and his predecessor as president, Franklin D. Roosevelt . There was also support for continuing the Korean War. Adlai E. Stevenson waving to supporters before speaking at Madison Square Garden, New York City, … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. General election campaign Attempts to organize would-be supporters of MacArthur failed to secure any recognition from him. Although workers on his behalf had


Which two countries, who would come close to war in 1974, joined NATO on the same day in 1952 ?

Greek and Turkish planes collide | CivFanatics Forums Greek and Turkish planes collide Rik Meleet Top predator Retired Moderator Joined: The Article said: Greek and Turkish planes collide Greek and Turkish F-14 jets have crashed into the southern Aegean Sea after colliding in mid-air. The collision, near Karpathos island, occurred after Greece scrambled a jet to intercept the Turkish aircraft, a Greek government official said. Turkish television says the Turkish pilot had ejected safely, but there is no official word on the pilots' fate. A search and rescue is under way. The two countries have a long-standing dispute over the Aegean. Turkey insists Greek airspace extends only 10km offshore, not 16km as Greece maintains. In the past, the two have come close to armed conflict over the dispute. Nato has previously warned the two member states that their frequent mock dogfights in the area are dangerous. Explosion in the sky Greek government spokesman Evangelos Antonaros said the planes went down after they had touched wing-tips. "It was likely an interception operation," he said. Defence Minister Vecdi Gonul said the country's military chief was in talks with his Greek counterpart over the collision, state-run Anatolia news agency reports. "We are also waiting for exact information," he said. The collision was spotted by passengers on board a plane travelling to Cairo, according to eyewitnesses quoted on Greek television. They reportedly saw an explosion in the sky. Turkish television reported that the Turkish pilot had been picked up by a passing ship. There was no word on the Greek pilot. The Greek authorities said they had sent out search and rescue teams, including a frigate. "Several Super Puma rescue helicopters are on their way to the area," a Greek government official told Reuters news agency. Click to expand... Well, at least the Turkish pilot has already been found. Otherwise we would have to fear a gun battle between the two rescue opperations.   If the Greek pilot has died, then this is so sad, and so unnecessary. You can only hope that this will result in some sense starting to be applied to this situation.   This is terrible. Greece and Turkey really need to get some meaningful closure to their past emnity. I thought this had happened previously but incidents like this would suggest otherwise.   No man is free who is not master of himself Epictetus Kingdom of Gore This is clearly an accident, i doubt is they really meant to "ram" each other in the tradition of naval battles of yore. Similar shades to that fiasco between U.S and China in the South China Sea a few years ago. Hmm wingtips to wingtips, propably too much of TOPGUN. Imo that movie should be banned from viewing by army aviators.   Thessalonike, Greece I havent followed the story- im sure that it would be on some channel if i turn on my tv but dont really want to listen to it. Interceptions over the aegian are very common, infact sadly they happen each and every day, and not just one of them each day (some days there are 15 interceptions, involving many planes etc). This, to the best of my knowledge, only involves turkish fighters flying over greek airspace, and not the opposite. Ofcourse this is pathetic, and it is likely happening because of the "deep state" of Turkey, that is the military elite which has considerable powers, despite of the political party in rule. It also causes massive defense spending, which could be used elsewhere and not on frequent purchases of f-16 or eurofighters. Imo Turkey should be forced to go to EU court to solve the disputes with Greece, before joining the EU (if it does).   Λέων μὲν ὄνυξι κρατεῖ, κέρασι δὲ βοῦς, ἄνθρωπος δὲ νῷ "While the lion prevails with its claws, and the ox through its horns, man does by his thinking" Anaxagoras of Klazomenae, 5th century BC CivIII Greece Don't wait for sense to be applied anywhere soon. If you read carefully the article, you clearly see that the real problem is a dispute over the airspace - 10 miles against 16. As long as this continues, there will always be dogfights since y


Which 77 year old German-born missionary won the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize?

hidupsehat: Mother Teresa Mother Teresa For other uses, see Maria Theresa (disambiguation) . Mother Teresa in 1986 in Bonn , West Germany Religion Blessed Teresa of Calcutta of the Missionaries of Charity Virgin, consecrated religious, nun Mother Teresa (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu Albanian:  [aˈɲɛzə ˈɡɔndʒɛ bɔjaˈdʒiu] ; 26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997) also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, MC , [5] was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary . [6] She was born in Skopje (modern Republic of Macedonia ), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet in the Ottoman Empire. After having lived in Macedonia for eighteen years, she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life. Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity , a Roman Catholic religious congregation , which in 2012 consisted of over 4,500 sisters and was active in 133 countries. They run hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS , leprosy and tuberculosis ; soup kitchens ; dispensaries and mobile clinics; children's and family counselling programmes; orphanages ; and schools. Members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience , as well as a fourth vow, to give "wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor". [7] Mother Teresa was the recipient of numerous honours, including the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize . On 19 October 2003, she was beatified as "Blessed Teresa of Calcutta". A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis , in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. [5] [8] Her canonisation is scheduled for 4 September 2016. A controversial figure both during her life and after her death, Mother Teresa was widely admired by many for her charitable works. She was both praised and criticised for her anti-abortion views. [9] [10] [11] [12] She also received criticism for conditions in the hospices she ran. [13] [14] [15] [16] Her authorised biography was written by Indian civil servant Navin Chawla and published in 1992. Contents Mother Teresa was born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu ( Albanian:  [aˈɲɛzə ˈɡɔndʒɛ bɔjaˈdʒiu] ; gonxhe meaning "rosebud" or "little flower" in Albanian ) on 26 August 1910 into a Kosovar Albanian family. [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] She considered 27 August, the day she was baptised, to be her "true birthday". [22] Her birthplace of Skopje, now capital of the Republic of Macedonia , was part of the Ottoman Empire at the time of her birth in 1910. [22] [23] She was the youngest of the children of Nikollë and Dranafile Bojaxhiu (Bernai). [24] Her father, who was involved in the politics of the Albanian community in Macedonia, died in 1919 when she was eight years old. [22] [25] Her father may have been from Prizren , Kosovo , while her mother may have been from a village near Gjakova . [26] According to a biography written by Joan Graff Clucas, in her early years Agnes was fascinated by stories of the lives of missionaries and their service in Bengal , and by age 12 had become convinced that she should commit herself to a religious life. [27] Her final resolution was taken on 15 August 1928, while praying at the shrine of the Black Madonna of Vitina-Letnice , where she often went on pilgrimage . [28] Agnes left home in 1928 at the age of 18 to join the Sisters of Loreto at Loreto Abbey in Rathfarnham , Ireland to learn English, with a view to becoming a missionary. English was the language the Sisters of Loreto used to teach schoolchildren in India. [29] She never again saw her mother or her sister. [30] Her family continued to live in Skopje until 1934, when they moved to Tirana in Albania . [31] She arrived in India in 1929, and began her novitiate in Darjeeling , near the Himalayan mountains, [32] where she learnt Bengali and taught at St. Teresa's School, a schoolhouse close to her convent. [33] She took her first religious vows as a nun on 24 May 1931. At that time she chose to be named after Thérèse de Lisieux , the patron saint of missionaries, [34] [35] but because one nun in the convent had already chosen that nam


In March 1952 General Fulgencio Batista re-took control of which Caribbean country after a military coup?

Biography of Fulgencio Batista, Cuban President Biography of Fulgencio Batista Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters Thanks, You're in! What I Learned About Today You might also enjoy: Health Tip of the Day Recipe of the Day There was an error. Please try again. Please select a newsletter. Please enter a valid email address. Did you mean ? Latin American History: People and Leaders Fulgencio Batista.  Public Domain Image Fulgencio Batista (1901-1973) was a Cuban army officer who rose to the presidency on two occasions, from 1940-1944 and 1952-1958. He also held a great deal of national influence from 1933 to 1940, although he did not at that time hold any elected office. He is perhaps best remembered as the Cuban president who was overthrown by Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution of 1953-1959. Collapse of the Machado Government Batista was a young sergeant in the army when the repressive government of General Gerardo Machado fell apart in 1933. The charismatic Batista organized the so-called “Sergeant’s Rebellion” of non-commissioned officers and seized control of the armed forces. By making alliances with student groups and unions, Batista was able to put himself in a position where he was effectively ruling the country. continue reading below our video Profile of Fidel Castro He eventually broke with the student groups, including the Revolutionary Directorate (a student activist group) and they became his implacable enemies. First Presidential Term, 1940-1944 In 1938, Batista ordered a new constitution and ran for president. In 1940 he was elected president in a somewhat crooked election, and his party won a majority in Congress. During his term, Cuba formally entered World War Two on the side of the Allies. Although he presided over a relatively stable time and the economy was good, he was defeated in the 1944 elections by Dr. Ramón Grau. Return to the Presidency Batista moved to Daytona Beach in the United States for a while before deciding to re-enter Cuban politics. He was elected senator in 1948 and returned to Cuba. He established the Unitary Action Party and ran for president in 1952, assuming that most Cubans had missed him during his years away. Soon, it became apparent that he would lose: he was running a distant third to Roberto Agramonte of the Ortodoxo Party and Dr. Carlos Hevia of the Auténtico party. Fearful of losing entirely his weakening grip on power, Batista and his allies in the military decided to take control of the government by force. The 1952 Coup Batista had a great deal of support. Many of his former cronies in the military had been weeded out or passed over for promotion in the years since Batista had left: it is suspected that many of these officers may have gone ahead with the takeover even if they had not convinced Batista to go along with it. In the early hours of March 10, 1952, about three months before the election was scheduled, the plotters silently took control of the Camp Columbia military compound and the fort of La Cabaña. Strategic spots such as railways, radio stations and utilities were all occupied. President Carlos Prío, learning too late of the coup, tried to organize a resistance but could not: he ended up seeking asylum in the Mexican embassy. Back in Power Batista quickly reasserted himself, placing his old cronies back in positions of power. He publicly justified the takeover by saying that President Prío had intended to stage his own coup in order to remain in power. Young firebrand lawyer Fidel Castro tried to bring Batista to court to answer for the illegal takeover, but was thwarted: he decided that legal means of removing Batista would not work. Many Latin American countries quickly recognized the Batista government and on May 27 the United States also extended formal recognition. Revolution Castro, who would likely have been elected to Congress had the elections taken place, had learned that there was no way of legally removing Batista and began organizing a revolution. On July 26, 1953 Castro and a handful of rebels attacked the army barracks at Moncada , igniting


Which town on the North Devon coast was devastated by a flash flood in August 1952 ?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 1952: Flood devastates Devon village About This Site | Text Only 1952: Flood devastates Devon village Twelve bodies have been recovered and 24 people are missing feared dead in the flood which has swept through Lynmouth in north Devon. The normally picturesque holiday village was evacuated early today as troops and council workers were brought in to begin clearing the devastation. Hundreds of people have been left homeless. There is no water, gas or electricity supply. All the boats in the harbour have been washed out to sea. Four main road bridges have been swept away. The flood followed yesterday's torrential rain. In the 24 hours before, some nine inches (22.9cm) of rain had fallen on Exmoor, just four miles (6.4km) away. We watched a row of cottages fold up like a pack of cards Ken Oxenholme The water flowed off the moors and into the rivers East and West Lyn which came together as a raging torrent in the steep, narrow valley leading into Lynmouth. Tom Denham, owner of the Lyndale Hotel, said his cellars had flooded before so he was not too worried at first. He said: "About half-past nine there was a tremendous roar. The West Lyn had broken its banks and pushed against the side of the hotel, bringing with it thousands of tons of rocks and debris in its course. "It carried away the chapel opposite and a fruit shop. Three people in the fruit shop were swept against the lounge windows of the hotel. We managed to pull them through in the nick of time. "I then ordered everyone to go to the second floor, where they huddled in the corridors for safety. In all we had 60 people in the hotel all night." A fisherman, Ken Oxenholme, said the high street was impassable so he had to run through the woods to reach his wife and child, who were staying in a caravan at the top end of Lynmouth. He said: "As we watched, we saw a row of cottages near the river, in the flashes of lightning because it was dark by this time, fold up like a pack of cards and swept out with the river with the agonising screams of some of the local inhabitants who I knew very well." The Queen has sent a message of sympathy, which was read out at a meeting in the town hall this evening. A telegram of sympathy was also received from Queen Mary. The full extent of the damage is not yet clear. Early estimates say it will cost between �3 and �5m to repair.


Which American colony became a self-governing commonwealth and an unincorporated territory of the USA in July 1952 ?

American Colonies - Puerto Rico The Saladoid people are replaced by the Igneri, yet another tribe from the   Orinoco Valley. c.AD 600? The seafaring Taino people, a division of the Arawak group of American natives,   probably arrive on the island around this date, mixing with the Igneri. The Taino natives lived on Puerto Rico for over nine hundred years         before the coming of the Spanish colonists 1493 The viceroy of Hispaniola , Christopher Columbus, lands in   Puerto Rico on his second voyage from Spain ,   making landfall on 19 November. He names the island San Juan Bautista (St   John the Baptist). While this name is later retained for the capital, the   island is renamed Rich Port (Puerto Rico) by the time a member of the   expedition, Juan Ponce de   Leon, becomes its first governor. 1505 Failed to take   up his office. 1504 - 1508 Following his arrival in the Americas in 1493 and a possible return to   Spain, in 1504 Juan Ponce de   Leon is made governor of part of eastern Hispaniola . Between   1506-1508, lured by reports of fertile land and rivers of gold, he explores   Puerto Rico and is made its first governor to take up the post by the Spanish crown. bef 1508 - 1510 Supreme Taino chief and friendly to Spain . 1509 - 1511 First Spanish governor of Puerto Rico. Later of Florida . 1511 Harsh treatment and diseases introduced by the Europeans have made life for   the native Taino unbearable enough so that a short-lived rebellion is staged   in June 1511. It is put down with force by the governor. In the same year,   Ponce de Leon is urged by the king of Spain to investigate rumours of undiscovered lands to the north of Hispaniola. The crown is eager to keep out Diego Columbus, the unwanted viceroy of Hispaniola , and reward   Ponce de Leon for his efforts. 1510 - 1511 Chief   Agueybana II 'The Brave' Brother of Agueybana and leader of the rebellion against Spain . 1511 - 1513 Juan Ceron 1513 - 1514 The expedition to the north under   Juan Ponce de Leon gets underway on 4 March. On 2 April land is sighted   which is named Florida . Eventually they   make landfall on the western coast, probably in the vicinity of Charlotte Harbour or Tampa Bay.   After returning briefly to Puerto Rico and then Spain ,   Ponce de Leon is confirmed as governor of Florida. 1513 - 1514 Ricardo de Ortega y Diez Third term as acting governor (14-18 Oct only). 1898 Following a US invasion   of Puerto Rico, Spain loses the Spanish-American War. With that it also loses much of the Spanish   Caribbean, including Cuba ,   Puerto Rico, and the Spanish East Indies (including Guam, the Marianna Islands, and   the Philippines). Puerto Rico becomes an unincorporated territory of the USA. The first US naval attack on Puerto Rico as part of the         Spanish-American War took place on 6-10 June 1898, during         which US Marines also took Guantanamo Bay on Cuba Modern Puerto Rico (Borinquen) AD 1898 - Present Day Together with Cuba ,   Jamaica, Haiti , and the Dominican Republic , the island of Puerto Rico and several smaller   islands which surround it form part of the Greater Antilles chain in the   Caribbean. The capital is located at San Juan, which was founded by Spanish   settlers in 1521. The country is neighboured by the British Virgin Islands,   the Lesser Antilles, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and by the Dominican   Republic to the west. The Caribbean Sea divides it from Venezuela to the south. The modern state is called the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a self governing   entity which is an unincorporated territory of the USA . The term 'territory'   was used to describe thirty-one areas of North America which applied to become   states between 1789-1959, such as Florida and Louisiana .   Since 1898 and the Spanish -American   War, the US has also administered unincorporated territories, these being   overseas possessions which are under US jurisdiction but to which only selected


Which European capital city hosted the 1952 Summer Olympics?

Olympic Games Summer and Winter Locations and History of the Games Olympic games summer and winter locations and history of the games Olympic games summer and winter locations and history of the games Olympic History The Olympic Games took their name from the Greek city of Olympia and though there were important athletic competitions held in other Greek cities in ancient times, the Olympic Games were regarded as the most prestigious. The games were held every four years during August and September and the word "Olympiad", which referred to the four year intervals between competitions, was commonly used to measure time. The first documented Olympic champion was a man named Coroebus, a cook from Elis who won the sprint race in 776 BC. Historians believe that the games had already existed for at least 500 years prior to that date. The Olympic Games originally featured only one event: a race called the "stade", equal to a distance of about 210 yards. By 728 BC two additional races had been added, comparable to the 400 meter and 1,500 meter races of the modern games. The Olympics came to include wrestling, boxing and the pentathlon, as well as specialized events for soldiers and heralds. It was only in 472 BC that the events were spread out over a period of four to five days, previously they had all taken place on a single day. Participation in the Olympic Games was originally limited to free born Greeks, but as Greek civilization was spread by the conquests of Alexander the Great, the Games drew entrants from as far away as Antioch, Sidon and Alexandria. While the only official prize was a wreath or garland, successful athletes were supported by the governments of their cities and devoted much time to training. Most of the competitors were, in fact, professionals. After the Roman conquest of Greece in the second century BC, the Olympic Games suffered a decline in popularity and importance, but the Games persisted until AD 393, when the Roman emperor Theodosius I ordered their abolition. The idea of reviving the Olympic Games originated with Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a 29 year old French aristocrat who first publicly raised the issue in 1892. At a conference on international sport held in Paris in 1894, Coubertin managed to convince delegates from 49 organizations representing nine countries to vote in favor of an Olympic revival. His chief allies in this effort were Dimitrios Vikelas of Greece and Professor William M. Sloane of the United States. The organizers had planned the first modern Olympics for 1900 in Paris, but later decided to move the date forward to 1896 and to change the venue to Athens, though the local government of the Greek capital was initially hostile to the idea. Coubertin and his colleagues of the newly formed International Olympic Committee eventually prevailed, and the first Olympic Games of the modern era were inaugurated by the King of Greece in the first week of April 1896. The Games of 1896, 1900 and 1904 were loosely organized and did not feature national teams produced by rigorous selection. The 1908 Games, held in London in a newly built 66,000 seat stadium, were the first where the events were organized by the relevant authorities in each athletic discipline. More than 2,000 athletes from 22 nations competed in 100 events. The 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm drew more then 2,500 competitors from 28countries and featured the first women's swimming events. No Games were held in 1916 due to World War I, but the Games enjoyed strong growth after the war, with 44 nations participating in the 1924 Olympics in Paris. At the1928 Games in Amsterdam there were more than 290 women among the 3,000athletes, more than double the number that took part in 1924. The Olympic Games were suspended again for 12 years because of World War II, resuming in 1948 in London. The post-war era saw steady growth in the number of countries and athletes competing and a dramatic increase in women's events. Politics began to intrude on the Games in a serious way at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, where Palestinian terrorists att


What was the surname of the Scottish mathematician who discovered logarithms in 1613 ?

The Rich, Historic Roll Call of Great Christian Thinkers and Scientists | Cold Case Christianity The Rich, Historic Roll Call of Great Christian Thinkers and Scientists PDF If you listen carefully to our increasingly secular culture, you might think science and reason are completely incompatible with Christian belief . Several notable scientists and thinkers in the past two hundred years have been atheists, and their ranks seem to have grown in direct proportion with our increase in scientific knowledge. Is a scientific understanding of the world incompatible with Christian Theism? Must rational thinkers and scientific investigators abandon their belief in God to discover scientific truth or contribute to the larger scientific enterprise? No. In fact, the historic roll call of scientists has included many great Christian believers. I thought it might be helpful to remind ourselves of the contribution offered by Christian theists throughout the history of scientific discovery (a much larger list provided the foundation for my summary): John Philoponus (c.490 to c.570) He theorized about the nature of light and stars and criticized Aristotelian physics Bede, the Venerable (c.672 to 735) He wrote two volumes on “Time and its Reckoning” that revealed a new understanding of the “progress wave-like” nature of tides Pope Silvester II (c.950 to 1003) He influenced and shaped the teaching of math and astronomy in Christian schools Hermannus Contractus (1013 to 1054) He wrote on geometry, mathematics, and the astrolabe (a historical astronomical instrument used by classical astronomers and navigators) Robert Grosseteste (c.1175 to 1253) He is considered the founder of scientific thought in Oxford. He wrote books on the mathematical sciences of optics, astronomy and geometry. He believed that experiments should be used in order to verify a theory Pope John XXI (1215 to 1277) He wrote the “Thesaurus Pauperum” (a widely used medical text) Albertus Magnus (c.1193 to 1280) He was a scientist who may have been the first to isolate arsenic. He wrote “Natural science does not consist in ratifying what others have said, but in seeking the causes of phenomena” Roger Bacon (c.1214 to 1294) He contributed in areas of optics, mechanics and geography; he promoted empiricism and was one of the earliest advocates of the modern scientific method. He was also responsible for promoting the concept of the “laws of nature” Theodoric of Freiberg (c.1250 to c.1310) He gave the first correct explanation for the rainbow in “De Iride et Radialibus Impressionibus” (or “On the Rainbow”) Thomas Bradwardine (c.1290 to 1349) He was called “the Profound Doctor”and his studies lead to important developments in mechanics Jean Buridan (1300 to 1358) He developed a theory known as ‘impetus’; an important step toward the modern concept of ‘inertia’ Nicole Oresme (c.1323 to 1382) He was one of the early founders and promoters of ‘modern sciences’. He made many scientific discoveries, including the discovery of curvature of light through atmospheric refraction Nicholas of Cusa (1401 to 1464) He made contributions to the field of mathematics and developed the concepts of the ‘infinitesimal’ and of ‘relative motion’ Otto Brunfels (1488 to 1534) He was a botanist and his “Herbarum Vivae Icones” was a formative work in the field of botany Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 to 1543) He introduced the ‘heliocentric’ world view, discovering the earth and the solar system planets revolved around the sun William Turner (c.1508 to 1568) He is the “father of English botany” and was also an ornithologist Ignazio Danti (1536 to 1586) He was a mathematician who wrote about Euclid (an astronomer, and a designer of mechanical devices) Giordano Bruno (1548 to 1600) He was an Italian cosmologist who argued that the Earth revolved around the Sun and that other worlds also revolved around other suns Bartholomaeus Pitiscus (1561 to 1613) He was a mathematician who may have coined the word trigonometry in the English and French Languages John Napier (1550 to 1617) He was a Scottish mathematician ren


Britain's first stretch of motorway, opened in December 1958, bypassed which town (now officially a city) ?

The 5th of December 1958 AD, Opening of UK's 1st Motorway Preston , Lancashire The 5th of December 1958 AD Germany had its Autobahn network before WWII , but in Britain we had to wait until 1958 for the first section of what was to become the M6 to open. This was an 8 mile stretch taking traffic around the then town now city of Preston , chosen to alleviate the terrible jams caused by the funnelling through Preston of traffic on the A6 to and from Blackpool and The Lakes , though Lancashire has a distinguished history of firsts in such transport matters: the first white lines; the first British inter-city highway ( Manchester to Liverpool ); and the first county to erect road signs. The new road ran from Bamber Bridge in the south to Broughton in the north. Plans were drawn up for the eventual network in 1946, but this was the first given the go-ahead, in 1953. The contractors Tarmac began work in 1956, their two year schedule extended because of the appalling weather in 1956, incessant rain making the ground extremely difficult to work on (especially given the absence of modern hydraulic machinery). Prime Minister Harold Macmillan opened the new road and was the first (officially) to travel on it. Although noticeably different from normal A roads, the Preston Bypass was also definitely a different animal from the motorway as we know it now: the hard shoulders were not hard, just a shale strip into which heavy vehicles in distress were wont to sink; and the central reservation divided the two sides of the road not by a crash barrier, but a hedge, with plenty of gaps that tempted drivers to do U turns if they felt like it. For a time the road became a tourist attraction in its own right, drivers drawn by the chance to put their foot down at a time when there was no speed limit on such open stretches of trunk roads - that was to come in 1965 as a temporary measure - temporary in the way that income tax was introduced as a temporary measure to pay for the Napoleonic Wars . Such was the standard of car engineering then that the AA and RAC were constantly in action, their vehicles adapted with rubber bumpers to push stranded motorists to safety. True to form the road closed soon after opening - the surface had been damaged by a hard frost. Obviously, given our record in these matters, the wrong sort of frost.


Russian Alexei Leonov was the first man to do what (albeit for just ten minutes) on 18th March 1965 ?

Mercury Rapids - Articles ARTICLES   Tweet Texas Sightings Spark Worldwide Interest In early   January, 2008, a UFO story took the world by storm. Residents of the   Texas town of Stephenville, about 60 miles south-west of Fort Worth,   as well as nearby Dublin and Selden, reported seeing a massive UFO   crossing the sky at great speed.  As the story grabbed headlines in   the mainstream media across the globe, it became apparent that   Texans had been seeing these huge craft over a period of weeks. Most of the   reports appeared to describe bright lights that flashed brightly and   changed configuration. While some just reported lights, businessman,   Steve Allen, said that what he saw was a mile long and half a mile   in width. He has offered a $5000 reward for video footage of what he   saw. He described what he saw as rectangular and travelling at about   3000 miles per hour. The lights blinked out, only to reappear 10   minutes later. Military jets arrived and appeared to pursue the   object. He told reporters, ï¿½It was positively, absolutely nothing   from these parts.ï¿½ Other   reports of military jets in pursuit of the objects resulted in Major   Karl Lewis from the Naval Reserve base in Fort Worth to deny that   any aircraft from his station were in the air that night. Two other   nearby bases also denied having planes in the sky during the   sightings. This stance was later retracted, with Major Lewis   explaining that F-16s were in the area on a training mission and   that the earlier, incorrect statement was due to a miscommunication. A   week earlier, Ricky Sorrells of Dublin, about 12 miles from   Stephenville, was deer hunting in the woods near his home at about   sunset. Speaking to Linda Moulton-Howe, he said: ï¿½For some reason, I   donï¿½t know what, I look up and look back down. I donï¿½t know what   made me look up, but then I realized what I had seen with my eyes   and immediately looked back up. There was this thing. It covered   from ï¿½ I could not see the edges in my tree canopy.ï¿½ The underside   of the metallic craft was dotted with circular depressions and   emitted heat waves, like haze on a hot road. He said it appeared   moulded and had no seams or rivets. Although he could not see its   edges through the trees, he estimated it to be about 300 feet above   him, making the craft at least 1000 feet across. As he watched, it   shot off at a 45-degree angle. He has seen the object on two more   occasions, both times from his back porch. He said it appeared like   ï¿½a thick piece of plate. But it was a long way away, like a 1.5 to 2   miles.ï¿½ Speaking to   local TV stations, Stephenville resident, Glenda Jackson, said, ï¿½It   looked like two plates upside down, like a saucer. It was at least   as wide as a football field.ï¿½ Also from   Stephenville, James Huse said he saw large, round objects in the sky   that, he estimated, were about the size of conventional aircraft. Many other   sightings were reported both to the media and to organisations such   as the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON). The reports on the MUFON website   are generally lacking in detail, but interesting nevertheless. Here   are a few: ï¿½I am a   resident of Stephenville, TX. I was getting back from buying   fireworks in Stephenville, TX on December 31, 2007. It was around   6:00. I was in the car with my dad and my friend; they both saw the   thing in the sky also. There was a very bright light in the sky   travelling very, very fast, about 2-3 times bigger than a star, a   second light popped up, very close to the first one, for about 30   seconds, then disappeared, but the first light was still there.   Tuesday the 8th of January wasn't the only day we saw the UFO.ï¿½ ï¿½ 31st December, 2007 ï¿½We left   together from fiancï¿½s house in Stephenville near HEB (Hard Eight Barbecue - SJ) around Green View Additions. I went the   wrong way and turned left on 377. Then went over the bridge and   turned left on


What is the three word collective name given to the first ten ammendments to the United States Constitution drafted in 1789 ?

America's Founding Documents | National Archives America's Founding Documents These three documents, known collectively as the Charters of Freedom, have secured the rights of the American people for more than two and a quarter centuries and are considered instrumental to its founding and philosophy of the United States. Declaration of Independence The Charters of Freedom The Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights, collectively known as the Charters of Freedom, have guaranteed the rights and freedoms of Americans for over 200 years. The spectacular new book The Charters of Freedom-"A New World Is At Hand" written by Alice Kamps, Curator at the National Archives, showcases the National Archives' renovated Rotunda, the newly re-encased Charters of Freedom, and the exhibition that flanks their permanent display. The book describes the dramatic events that culminated in these historic documents, the materials and techniques used in their creation and conservation, and their adventures on the road to a permanent safe haven at the National Archives. The Charters of Freedom Bundle Facsimiles These elegant facsimiles on parchment paper of the Charters of Freedom: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights, are all three here offered to you in one bundle. These historic facsimiles are perfect for educational purposes or to decorate your home or office. Please note: The Constitution facsimile in this bundle has all four pages of the original document on one sheet. The original Charters of Freedom are on permanent display in the Rotunda at the National Archives Museum.   The Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom Located on the upper level of the National Archives museum, is the permanent home of the original Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, and Bill of Rights. Designed by architect John Russell Pope as a shrine to American democracy, the ornate Rotunda with its soaring domed ceiling also features two murals by Barry Faulkner, depicting fictional scenes of the “presentations” of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.


According to the Bible, who was the first person to be born - as opposed to being created?

Jesus Christ: The First of God's Creations? Jesus Christ: The First of God's Creations? Introduction Jesus Created? Jehovah's Witness theology says that Jesus is merely  the first creation of God. This page examines Jehovah's Witness claims used to  support their doctrine and the Bible scriptures that contradict this theology. Rich Deem Is Jesus the first created being of God? Jehovah's Witness theology  claims that Jesus Christ was God's first creation. 1 The claim is  supported by two Bible verses, Colossians 1:15 and Revelation 3:14.  Let's first look at these verses to see what they really say. Colossians 1:15 Ironically, Jehovah's Witnesses quote a verse from   one of the chapters of the Bible that makes one of the strongest   cases for the deity of Jesus Christ . He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation.  (Colossians 1:15) The Greek word, prōtotokos, translated "firstborn" is not a noun, but an adjective. 2 If it were really referring to being born, the verse is theologically incorrect. Adam was the  firstborn man of creation (although he wasn't really born). Cain was  actually the first to be actually born into the creation. Jesus was not born until  thousands of year later. The word "firstborn" in this verse  does not refer to a physical birth, but refers to  Jesus' position to inherit the creation. In Jewish  law, the firstborn inherited the lion's share of his father's estate.  Jesus is to inherit the creation. It has nothing to do with being  created. Verse 18 from this chapter of Colossians goes on to directly  contradict Jesus being created describing Him as existing in "the beginning." 3 This same verse describes Jesus as being the "firstborn from the dead" and defines Jesus as having "first place in everything," demonstrating  that "firstborn" refers to position and not creation. The scriptures, and Jesus Himself, affirmed that He was  heir to the creation: For by Him all things were created, both in the heavens and on  earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or  authorities--all things have been created through Him and for Him.  (Colossians 1:16) For in Him all the fullness of Deity dwells in bodily  form, and in Him you have been made complete, and He is the head over  all rule and authority; (Colossians 2:9-10) in these last days has spoken to us in His Son, whom  He appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the world.  (Hebrews 1:2) YOU HAVE PUT ALL THINGS IN SUBJECTION UNDER HIS  FEET." For in subjecting all things to him, He left nothing that is not  subject to him. But now we do not yet see all things subjected to him.  (Hebrews 2:8) More Examples... Jesus Himself indicated that He was the heir of all  creation through His parable of the vineyard (Matthew 21:33-44). 5 In the parable,  Jesus represents the heir of the vineyard, who is killed by the workers. Jesus  said that he would be the cornerstone which was rejected by the  builders. Theologically, firstborn makes no sense except as the heir of  creation. Revelation 3:14 The second verse given to support the idea that Jesus was  created is below: "To the angel of the church in Laodicea write: The Amen, the faithful  and true Witness, the Beginning of the creation of God, says this: (Revelation  3:14) The problem with this verse is that "beginning" does not  refer to Jesus' creation. The Greek word arche means "first in  position" or "leader". Alternate meanings include "origin" or "cause." 6 So, in this verse, Jesus is presenting His authority over creation as  Creator. In essence, He is saying that you had better listen to what I  say, because I am the boss and I am the cause of the creation. So, in  actuality, the verse strongly argues against the Jehovah's Witnesses  theology that Jesus was just "God's secretary." Other verses from the Bible confirm that  Jesus is the beginning of creation, since He created  everything: All things came into being through Him, and apart  from Him nothing


What was the name of the man who invented Shredded Wheat in 1893 ? Was it Charles E Pinky or Henry D Perky?

Food Timeline: 1890 to 1894 - Food History Events An extensive selection of free food, beverage & agricultural magazines, e-books, etc. for qualified professionals FOOD HISTORY TIMELINE 1890 to 1894 1890 Peanut butter was developed by a St. Louis doctor for his patients with bad teeth. 1890 President Benjamin Harrison signed the first law requiring inspection of meat products. It required the U.S. Dept of Agriculture (USDA) through the Bureau of Animal Industry, to inspect salted pork and bacon intended for export. In 1891, this law was amended to require the inspection and certification of all live cattle and beef intended for export. 1890 Sequoia National Park was established to protect the giant Sequoia trees, among the oldest living things on earth. ( Sequoia Natural History Assn ) 1890 Henri Nestle died (born 1814).  In 1867 he invented an infant formula, farine lactee, a substitute breast milk for infants unable to breast feed. He sold the company in 1875. The company kept the Nestle name, and later expanded its products to include chocolate and condensed milk. 1890 Rolla N. Harger was born. A biochemist, he invented the first successful test machine for blood alcohol content, the Drunkometer, in 1931. 1890 Michael Romanoff was born in Lithuania on Feb 20 (died Sept 1, 1971). Born Hershel Geguzin, he was an actor, conman, professional imposter and Hollywood restaurateur. He posed as Russian Prince Michael Alexandrovich Dmitri Oblensky Romanoff from about 1919. He opened Romanoff's restaurant in Beverly Hills in the late 1930s, which became popular with Hollywood movie stars. The restaurant closed in 1962. 1890 Peter Henderson died. A Scottish-American scientist, known as the 'Father of America Horticulture,' he published 'Gardening for Profit’ and 'Gardening for Pleasure'. 1890 Idaho became the 43rd State, the Potato State. 1890 Nathan Handwerker was born June 14 (died March 24, 1974).  Founded 'Nathan's' hot dog emporium at Coney Island, New York in 1916. 1890 Harland Sanders was born near Henryville, Indiana. Founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken fast food restaurant chain. 1890 Blues musician 'Jelly Roll' Morton was born. 1890 Peanut Butter was developed in 1890 by a St. Louis doctor for his patients with bad teeth. 1890 Meat Inspection Act authorized inspection of salted pork, bacon, and live animals intended for export, and the quarantine of imported animals. 1890 Of gainfully employed persons, 43 percent were engaged in agriculture. 1890 It takes about 50 hours or labor to produce 100 bushels of wheat. 1890 Combination corn-shucking and fodder-shredding machine patented. 1890 The population of the U.S. is now 62,979,766. Farmers are 43% of the labor force. There are about 4,565,000 farms, averaging about 136 acres. 1890 Census showed that the frontier settlement era was over. 1890 Second Morrill Act broadened land-grant program and set up funding for black land-grant schools. 1890 Cordelia (Hornaday) Knott was born (died April 23, 1974). Co-founder, with her husband Walter, of Knott's Berry Farm in California. Their farm evolved from growing and selling berries from a roadside stand into the oldest and one of the largest theme amusement parks in the U.S. 1891 August Schell died. He founded the August Schell Brewing Company in New Ulm, Minnesota in 1860. 1891 Otto Schnering was born. Founder of the Curtiss Candy Company in 1916. The company's first candy product was named Kandy Kake, renamed Baby Ruth in 1921. The Butterfinger candy bar was introduced in 1926. 1891 Sir Joseph William Bazalgette died. A British civil engineer, he designed the main sewer system for London. 1891 Abram Lyle died. Scottish shipbuilder and sugar refiner. Noted for the pale treacle, 'Lyle's Golded Syrup' (treacle is made from the syrup that remains after sugar is refined). 1891 The Travelers Cheque was patented. 1891 Many food historians consider the first cafeteria to have been in the YWCA of Kansas City, Mo. in 1891. It provided cheap, self-service meals to working women. 1891 Fig Newtons were created by Kennedy Biscuit Works in Cambri


Which was Charles Dickens' first published novel, serialised in 20 monthly parts from April 1836 ?

The Pickwick Papers | Charles Dickens Info Charles Dickens Info The Pickwick Papers The Pickwick Papers The Pickwick Papers was the first novel of Charles Dickens.  The novel was initially published in monthly installments from March of 1836 until November 1837. The Pickwick Papers – Dickens’ Life At The Time The first installment of The Pickwick Papers is published on March 30, 1836 On April 2, 1836 Charles Dickens marries Catherine Hogarth Their first child is born on January 6, 1837 Publication of Oliver Twist begins in Bentley’s on January 31, 1837.  Dickens writes Pickwick and Twist simultaneously until November of 1837 when Pickwick ends. The First Novel of Charles Dickens The publishing firm of Chapman and Hall faced a huge decision in April of 1836.   The firm had just started a series of amusing stories dealing with  “Cockney sporting scenes”.  The series was built around the illustrations of Robert Seymour.  Publication began on March 30th and on April 20th Seymour committed suicide.  Edward Chapman and William Hall had to decide if they were going to continue the series. The author who wrote the text to accompany Seymour’s illustrations had an idea.  Why not increase the text and hire a less well-known artist?  The series could continue, but the focus would change from the illustrations to the story. The author’s name was Charles Dickens and the series was The Pickwick Papers. Chapman and Hall agreed with Dickens ideas and The Pickwick Papers became wildly popular. The first installment of Pickwick sold about 500 copies while the last installment sold about 40,000 copies.   There were theatrical adaptations before the series was even completed.  Pickwick merchandise began to appear.  People could buy Pickwick cigars, song books and china figurines. Charles Dickens’ first book was a hit. Once in a Lifetime In June of 1837 something happed that only occurred once in Dickens’ career.  He missed a deadline.  He was writing two serialized novels at once, but there was no Pickwick that month.  There was no Oliver Twist.  Instead there was a funeral. In 1837 Mary Hogarth was seventeen, pretty and living with her sister Catherine and Catherine’s husband, Charles Dickens.  Mary was a favorite with the couple and had become like a little sister to Charles. On the evening of May 6th Mary went with the couple to the St. James Theatre.  The group returned late in the evening and Mary retired for the night.  Shortly after that Dickens heard a cry from Mary’s room.  She was ill.  Despite her doctor’s care Mary passed away in Dickens’ arms on May 7th. Charles was devastated.  The June installments of Twist and Pickwick were not published due to “the sudden death of a very dear young relative to whom he was most affectionately attached and whose society had been for a long time the chief solace of his labours.” Sleep Apnea and Joe Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS), a condition related to sleep apnea, was first called Pickwickian Syndrome. It’s named after Dickens’s The Pickwick Papers because the novel features a character who has all the classic symptoms of the condition.  Learn more Themes of The Pickwick Papers Dickens works a very serious subject into this comic novel, that of the injustice of the justice system. Dickens had a first hand look at the legal system when he worked as a law clerk .   His outrage over the inequities and incompetence of the system show up in more than one of his novels. In a very funny scene Pickwick tries to talk his landlady, Mrs. Bardell, about Sam Weller moving into the house.  She misunderstands and thinks he is proposing marriage.  Later she sues for breach of promise. The novel is full of humorous quotes dealing with the legal system: “Why, I don’t exactly know about perjury, my dear sir,” replied the little gentleman. “Harsh word, my dear sir, very harsh word indeed. It’s a legal fiction, my dear sir, nothing more.” “Battledore and shuttlecock’s a wery good game, vhen you ain’t the shuttlecock and two lawyers the battledores, in which case it gets too excitin’ to be pleasant.” “Vell,


Which Spanish conquistador successfully crossed Panama in 1513, thus becoming the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the New World?

Vasco Núñez de Balboa - New World Encyclopedia Vasco Núñez de Balboa Jerez de los Caballeros, Badajoz, Spain Died Maritime explorer for the Crown of Castile Religious beliefs Spouse(s) María de Peñalosa Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1475–January 15, 1519) was a Spanish explorer, colonial governor , and Conquistador. He is known principally for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to see and then reach the Pacific coastline of the New World. Balboa traveled to the New World in 1500 and after some early explorations settled on the island of Hispaniola . He founded the settlement of Santa María la Antigua del Darién in present-day Panama in 1510, which was the first permanent European settlement on the mainland of the Americas. Spanish conquest and colonization of most of Central and South America would follow in the decades ahead. Balboa participated, to a lesser degree than other Spanish Conquistadors, in the subjugation of native peoples and expropriation their of resources. Many of the cultures encountered by the Spanish practiced mass human sacrifice, institutional slavery, and other behaviors that Spanish sensibilities found intolerable. Still, the great cruelty employed and the indiscriminate destruction of indigenous culture by the Spanish have come to be seen as grave acts of cultural and political imperialism. Contents 10 Credits The conquests of Spanish America and introduction of the Christian faith can be set in the context of the broad movement inaugurated during the Age of Exploration in which new formerly unknown lands and peoples came to be included in great European empires . The period can be viewed as part of a process that would lead in time to their dismantling and to the emergence of the modern world where sovereign nations recognize their interdependence within a new global consciousness. Early life and career Vasco Balboa was born in Jerez de los Caballeros in Spain . He was a descendant of the lords of the castle of Balboa, near Villafranca de los Barros, in Badajoz; his father was the hidalgo (nobleman) Nuño Arias de Balboa, and his mother was a lady of Badajoz, which is located in southwestern Spain. Nothing much is known of his early childhood except that he was the third of four boys in his family. During his adolescence, he served as a page and squire to Don Pedro de Portocarrero, lord of Moguer. Early explorations and settlement in the New World In 1500, motivated by his master after the news of Christopher Columbus ' voyages to the New World became known, he decided to embark on his first voyage to the Americas, along with Juan de la Cosa , on Rodrigo de Bastidas' expedition. Bastidas had a license to bring back treasure for the king and queen, while keeping four-fifths for himself, under a policy known as the Quinto Real, or "royal fifth." [1] In 1501, Balboa crossed the Caribbean coasts from the east of Panama , along the Colombian coast, through the Gulf of Urabá toward Cabo de La Vela. The expedition continued to explore the north coast of South America, until they realized they did not have enough men and sailed to Hispaniola , the island that is presently divided into the Dominican Republic and Haiti . With his share of the earnings from this campaign, Balboa settled in Hispaniola in 1502, where he resided for several years as a planter and pig farmer. However, he ended up in debt and finally was forced to abandon life on the island. In 1508, the king of Spain, Ferdinand II "The Catholic", commissioned the conquest of Tierra Firme (the area roughly corresponding to the Isthmus of Panama). He created two new territories in the region between El Cabo de la Vela (near the eastern border of Colombia) and El Cabo de Gracias a Dios (the border between Honduras and Nicaragua ). The Gulf of Urabá became the border between the two territories: Nueva Andalucía to the east, governed by Alonso de Ojeda, and Veragua to the west, governed by Diego de Nicuesa. In 1509, wishing to escape his creditors in Santo Domingo, Balboa lef


What was the well-known surname of the man who patented the ball-point pen in 1943 ?

Cafe al Fresco Art Forums - Ball Point Pen Art In response to message #0      I'm here presenting the Ball Point Pen Art program. This program is based on what a ballpoint pen can produce. There are hundreds of millions of people out there drawing with the ballpoint pen as we speck. Maybe billions from 1938 when they were brought to market. All the people already writing with them know correctly how to use them. A most common tool used to make pictorial history and speck messages around the world with images. Ball Point Pen Art is here to represent those countless folks doing their art. May their efforts produce health, joy, hope and a living for all. A common ground and focal point is our goal. We are standing in the halls of art history bringing this program forward to help all those others not yet here. May our public presentation bring the eye's of the world together an look closer at this New Art Medium and bring greater rewards to all artists out there using the ballpoint pen. The more people that draw, think, display, sell or surface in the field of art with the ballpoint pen the greater the movement and progress will become. The world is filled with many people waiting till the day people see our art as real and worth something. All new art mediums face the same situation throughout time. We are no different when it comes to that as well. Yet we are up and running in time recorded as such, as never before. That is were our job has be gone and will work from. I started drawing with the ballpoint pen in 1968 or 34 years ago. Over half the life of the pen, it's self. The half tone is the greatest detailed line in art history and now is in color. This advances the art field in clearity and detail as no other mediums before. The ballpoint pen's half tone is camera ready and used in art production or production art. Artists in all fields of art use the ballpoint pen including commercial artists. Having Ball Point Pen Art reconized and recorded makes all artists works worth that much more. In the world of man, money is the milk of politics, power is derived from money being made and spent. For the capitalist money in their hands made from Ball Point Pen Art is the proof they need. Follow the trail of money! Thank you for your time and views. We again present art history and our art program. It's all good. We simply wish, hope and pray your life is doing well and health to you all, amen.   In response to message #1      Greetings Art World, This is Jerry & Linda Stith founders of Ball Point Pen Art here on the Internet. We are the first and only folks presenting this New Art Medium. Ball Point Pen Art is a New American Folk Art and World Class Art Movement as well. We are represented more on the Web than all other Ballpoint Pen artists combined. We are introducing the Half Tone, which is the most detailed camera ready line in art history. Never before has this New Art Medium presented multi-colored oil-based inks, Yellow being one of those colors. We have a 10 Point Program designed to demonstrate how Ball Point Pen Art works within our Art World. We are the only legally registered owners of ballpointpenart.com & ballpointpenart.net for almost three years. This places us in art history as founders of Ball Point Pen Art. Jerry therefore represents an emerging International artist being founder of a New Art Medium and recorded as such. We here at Ball Point Pen Art have our 10 Point Program designed to show how this New Art Medium works it�s way into the rest of the Art World. We provide a setting for networking other Ballpoint Pen artists as part of our historical program. We have 50 plus Art Forums for artists to communicate with other artists and 90 art magazines providing art news. Over 800 art related sites bringing a wonderful part of the art world to one location making art research that much easier. A service built for the children, young or beginner artists from around the world. http://communities.msn.com/ballpointpenart / Jerry started our Ball Point Pen Art program back in 1968 while being only 19 years old. At


Another Place, a piece of modern sculpture consisting of 100 cast-iron figures facing out to sea on Crosby beach near Liverpool, is by which artist?

Another Place - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Another Place For the use of this phrase in Parliament, see another place (Parliament) . A portion of the installation showing the relation between three of the figures Another Place is a piece of modern sculpture by Antony Gormley . Now permanently erected on Crosby Beach , England, it was due to be moved to New York , United States in November 2006, but there was a controversial proposal to retain the work at Crosby. It was recently stated in the local paper, the Crosby Herald, that they may stay for a decade, but at a meeting on 7 March 2007, Sefton Council accepted proposals that would allow the sculptures to be kept permanently at Crosby Beach. [1] [2] Contents [ edit ] Details The sculpture consists of 100 cast iron figures which face out to sea, spread over a 2 mile (3.2 km) stretch of the beach. Each figure is 189 cm tall (nearly 6  feet 2½ inches) and weighs around 650  kg (over 1400  lb ). In common with most of Gormley's work, the figures are cast replicas of the artist's own body. As the tides ebb and flow, the figures are revealed and submerged by the sea. The figures were cast at two foundries , Hargreaves Foundry in Halifax, West Yorkshire and Joseph and Jesse Siddons Foundry in West Bromwich . Another Place was first exhibited on the beach of Cuxhaven , Germany in 1997 and after that in Stavanger in Norway and De Panne in Belgium. [ edit ] Public reception in Crosby Another Place is a subject of local controversy in Crosby. Some consider the statues to be "pornographic" due to the inclusion of a simplified penis on the statues,[ citation needed ] whilst others see them as beautiful pieces of art which have brought increased tourism revenue to the local area. [3] Another Place at Sunset Originally the statues were due to be relocated in November 2006. Those who use the front for watersports voice the strongest resistance to the iron men staying, as the statues do pose a safety problem[ citation needed ] - especially as the local marina is being closed to public use. While these sportsmen have a serious claim to getting rid of the statues, keeping them until 2008 will no doubt be beneficial for the economy of Crosby and Waterloo,[ citation needed ] and if they stay it seems more likely a multi-million pound watersports centre will be built. Art lovers and local businesses are lobbying for the statues to stay. Gormley himself agrees with the proposal to keep the statues in Crosby, saying that the current location is "ideal". [4] The works, which had earlier been displayed in Germany, Norway and Belgium, became a major tourist attraction on Crosby Beach near Liverpool. As of March 2007 permission was granted to have Another Place permanently installed at Crosby. Initially, coastguard authorities expressed safety fears, saying people could become stuck in soft sand and be cut off by the tide when viewing the statues up close.[ citation needed ] Conservationists had also complained that bird-feeding areas had been compromised by the extra tourist traffic.[ citation needed ] In October 2006, the local council refused permission for the statues to stay, prompting Gormley to criticise what he called Britain's "risk-averse culture." He said "When I have been down on the beach myself, the majority of people have been intrigued, amused, sometimes very moved," he said. [5] Another Body Place Ltd, a body set up to campaign for the permanent installation, helped to convince the council to change its mind. Graham Haywood, Chief Executive of Sefton Council, said in a statement "Despite some controversy, this internationally renowned artwork has aroused national and international public and media support." Saying that "The Iron Men have placed Crosby and Sefton firmly in the spotlight and the knock-on benefits of this should be felt for years to come." [6] The planning committee decided to move 16 of the statues back away from an area used by small sailing craft. Three others are being re-sited away from bird feeding areas. The work on the 16 started on 16 July 2007 and the


Who wrote the novels Riders (1984), Rivals (1988) and Polo (1981) ?

Jilly Cooper Jilly Cooper ( 1937 - ) Jilly Cooper is a well-known journalist, writer and media superstar. The author of many number one bestselling novels, including Riders, Rivals, Polo, The Man Who Made Husbands Jealous, Appassionata, Score! and Pandora, she and her husband live in Gloucestershire with several dogs and cats.


Glyndwr University's state-of-the-art conference and perfomance centre, opened in 2009, is named after which Welsh harpist?

Entertainment - Glyndwr University Entertainment Second Language Learning Centre Entertainment on campus Wrexham Glyndwr University is always buzzing with activities and events – so you won’t be short of things to do while studying here. As well as the entertainment and facilities provided by the Students’ Union and student bar, which cover everything from pool tables through to themed nights out, there are also a number of entertainment venues on campus. “There is always a lot going on with fun events regularly being held across the campus.” Jacob, Psychology student From big name performances on campus such as comedians Jimmy Carr, Russell Kane and Romesh Ranganathan and gigs and concerts by a diverse range of artists from modern through to classical – there is always something to look forward to. Wrexham Glyndwr University also attracts annual festivals to its campus such as the North Wales Comic Con. If playing sport or keeping healthy is an interest of yours our on campus Sports Centre offers a range of facilities including a fitness suite, dance studio and a six badminton sized sports hall. We also have the North Wales regional Hockey Stadium and an astroturf pitch on site. Our  Students’ Union has strong links with community sport clubs in the region and Team Glyndwr participate in the British Universities and Colleges Sports (BUCS) league and cup competitions in everything from athletics and football through to rugby and volleyball. As well as providing events across the year our Students’ Union organises clubs and societies to suit all interests and if there isn’t one aimed at your interest – you can put forward your own. Our on campus William Aston Hall is a 900 seat venue and is Wrexham’s leading concert hall. In addition we have a dedicated conference and performing arts venue, the Catrin Finch Centre, which hosts conferences and exhibitions throughout the year as well as public performances of everything from orchestras and comedy though to live theatre and pop concerts. There is also the opportunity to view work of your fellow students from art work on display at our Regent Street campus through to performances by our theatre students in the Terry Hands Studio. We are also pleased to offer our on campus art gallery, the Sycharth Gallery which has regular exhibitions of national and international artists’ work. Campuses


In The Planets Suite by Gustav Holst, which planet is described in the title of its movement as The Magician ?

Gustav Holst (1874–1934) | The Planets (1914-16) The Planets Op. 32 - Mars, the Bringer of War- Venus, the Bringer of Peace- Mercury, the Winged Messenger- Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity- Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age- Uranus, the Magician- Neptune, the Mystic This piece is published by Faber. During the 1910's, Holst was undoubtedly going through a period similar to a midlife crisis. His first large scale work, and opera called Sita failed to win a cash prize at a Ricordi composition competition and his other large works of the time, notably The Cloud Messenger and Beni Mora were premiered without great success. In March of 1913, Holst received an anonymous gift which enabled him to travel to Spain with Clifford Bax, the brother of the composer Arnold Bax (and later the librettist for Holst's opera The Wandering Scholar). Clifford Bax was an astrologer, and he and Holst became good friends, with Bax introducing him to the concepts of astrology. Perhaps due to this friendship, Holst began to rediscover his childhood intrigue with theosophy. He had a book in his library called, "The Art of Synthesis," by Alan Leo. Leo was himself an astrologer and Theosophist who published various books on astrology, however if you look at "The Art of Synthesis," each chapter is labeled with a heading, offering a precursor to how The Planets was constructed. Alan Leo divided his book into chapters based on each planet, and described the astrological characteristics of them. In fact, "Neptune, the Mystic," is given the same title in both the book and the suite! Holst may have been introduced to Leo by George Mead, a Sanskrit scholar and a fellow member, along with Holst, of the Royal Asiatic Society. Mead and Leo were friends. Holst called his piece "a series of mood pictures." In actuality, this helps lead into other influences for this work. Before Holst started to compose The Planets, both Arnold Schoenberg and Igor Stravinsky made trips to England and caused quite a stir. Schoenberg came to England and conducted his Five Orchestral Pieces Op. 18. Holst must have gone to this concert and been impressed, for Holst labeled the preliminary sketches of The Planets "Seven Orchestral Pieces." Around the same time, Stravinsky came to England and conducted his Le sacre du printemps. Holst must have noticed this unconventional way to use the orchestra, because in the first movement, "Mars," the blatant dissonance and unconventional meter seems to be riddled with the influence of Stravinsky. Gustav Holst seemed to consider The Planets a progression of life. "Mars" perhaps serves as a rocky and tormenting beginning. In fact, some have called this movement the most devastaing piece of music ever written! "Venus" seems to provide an answer to "Mars," it's title as "the bringer of peace," helps aid that claim. "Mercury" can be thought of as the messenger between our world and the other worlds. Perhaps "Jupiter" represents the "prime" of life, even with the overplayed central melody, which was later arranged to the words of "I vow to thee, my country." "Saturn" can be viewed as indicative of Holst's later mature style, and indeed it is recorded that Holst preferred this movement to all others in the suite. Through "Saturn" it can be said that old age is not always peaceful and happy. The movement may display the ongoing struggle for life against the odd supernatural forces. This notion mat be somewhat outlandish, but the music seems to lend credence to this. "Saturn" is followed by "Uranus, the Magician," a quirky scherzo displaying a robust musical climax before the tranquility of the female choir in "Neptune" enchants the audience. The piece displays that Holst was in touch with his musical contemporaries. There are obvious ideas borrowed from Schoenberg, Stravinsky, and Debussy (the quality of"Neptune" resembles earlier Debussy piano music.) Holst never wrote another piece like The Planets again. He hated its popularity. When people would ask for his autograph, he gave them a typed sheet of paper that stated that he didn't give out autographs. Th


Red: My Autobiography, published in 2011, was written by which former England footballer?

David Beckham - Biography - IMDb David Beckham Biography Showing all 80 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (2) | Trivia  (46) | Personal Quotes  (26) Overview (4) 6' (1.83 m) Mini Bio (1) David Beckham is one of Britain's most iconic athletes whose name is also an elite global advertising brand. He was captain of the English national team from 1998 to 2009, scored in three different FIFA World Cups, and played midfield for clubs in Manchester, England, Madrid, Spain, and Milan, Italy; he also won the MLS Cup playing for Los Angeles Galaxy in 2011 and 2012. He was born David Robert Joseph Beckham on May 2, 1975, in Leytonstone, East London, England, to Sandra Georgina (West), a hairdresser, and David Edward Alan "Ted" Beckham, a kitchen fitter. Beckham's maternal grandfather was Jewish, and David has mentioned the religion as an influence; he wears a tattoo written in Hebrew from the 'Song of Songs' in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), albeit he is not known to practice Judaism or any other faith. Beckham has always played in long sleeve shirts to cover up his tattoos in consideration of others who may feel uncomfortable due to their beliefs. He was brought up by his parents, supporters of Manchester United, attended Bobby Charlton 's football school in Manchester, and won a spot in a training session at FC Barcelona as a child. In 1986 he was a Manchester United's mascot for a match against West Ham United. From 1992 - 2003 Beckham made almost 400 appearances for Manchester United and scored 85 goals, although his official record counts only 62 goals in 265 official senior team's matches. In the 1998 FIFA World Cup he played all of England's qualifying matches and scored in several important victories. He received a red card for violent conduct in England's match against Argentina, albeit his opponent later admitted to trying to send Beckham off by over-reacting to their contact during the game and by urging the referee to send Beckham off. After losing the game England was eliminated, Beckham was made a scapegoat and became the target of criticism and abuse in media. He had a good season in 1999 - 2000 and helped Manchester United to win the Premier League. At that time, he married singer Victoria Beckham (nee' Adams) from the popular musical group The Spice Girls, and the couple had their first son, Brooklyn, born in 1999. That same year, Beckham was given a permission to miss training routine, in order to look after his son Brooklyn, who suffered from a stomach infection. Meanwhile, the Manchester United's manager, Alex Ferguson , fined Beckham £50,000 (about $80,000 then) the maximum amount that was permitted, for babysitting with his sick child, while his wife was spotted at a London fashion Week event on the same night. Ferguson's claim that Beckham should be able to train if his wife stayed home that day, caused a serious personal tension between two men. In February 2003, following the defeat to Arsenal, the Manchester United's manager Alex Ferguson entered the changing room and kicked a football boot that struck Beckham over the eye, causing a cut that required stitches. David Beckham has been a good scorer and a major attraction for public. On the field he has been demonstrating his consistent ability to see a big picture even under severe pressure during the most rapidly changing and unpredictable games. His field vision has been remarkable, allowing him to create many assists in a number of important matches. Beckham's forte has been his delivery from the right-hand side as well as his efficient free kicks. His superior performances in the midfield position has required a higher physical endurance through the entire game. "David Beckham's right foot" was mentioned, although humorously, as one of British national treasures in the movie Love Actually (2003). He signed a four-year contract with Real Madrid, beginning on July 1, 2003, and worth a potential 40 million dollars. In Madrid, Beckham was not allowed to wear his favorite number seven, because another player had the


What was the poet W.H.Auden's first name?

W. H. Auden - Poet | Academy of American Poets Academy of American Poets The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy’s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. browse poems & poets read this poet's poems Wystan Hugh Auden was born in York, England, on February 21, 1907. He moved to Birmingham during childhood and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. As a young man he was influenced by the poetry of Thomas Hardy and Robert Frost , as well as William Blake , Emily Dickinson , Gerard Manley Hopkins , and Old English verse. At Oxford his precocity as a poet was immediately apparent, and he formed lifelong friendships with two fellow writers, Stephen Spender and Christopher Isherwood. In 1928, his collection Poems was privately printed, but it wasn't until 1930, when another collection titled Poems (though its contents were different) was published, that Auden was established as the leading voice of a new generation. Ever since, he has been admired for his unsurpassed technical virtuosity and an ability to write poems in nearly every imaginable verse form; the incorporation in his work of popular culture, current events, and vernacular speech; and also for the vast range of his intellect, which drew easily from an extraordinary variety of literatures, art forms, social and political theories, and scientific and technical information. He had a remarkable wit, and often mimicked the writing styles of other poets such as Dickinson, W. B. Yeats , and Henry James. His poetry frequently recounts, literally or metaphorically, a journey or quest, and his travels provided rich material for his verse. He visited Germany, Iceland, and China, served in the Spanish Civil war, and in 1939 moved to the United States, where he met his lover, Chester Kallman, and became an American citizen. His own beliefs changed radically between his youthful career in England, when he was an ardent advocate of socialism and Freudian psychoanalysis, and his later phase in America, when his central preoccupation became Christianity and the theology of modern Protestant theologians. A prolific writer, Auden was also a noted playwright, librettist, editor, and essayist. Generally considered the greatest English poet of the twentieth century, his work has exerted a major influence on succeeding generations of poets on both sides of the Atlantic. W. H. Auden served as a c hancellor of the Academy of American Poets from 1954 to 1973, and divided most of the second half of his life between residences in New York City and Austria. He died in Vienna on September 29, 1973. Selected Bibliography Collected Poems (Random House, 1976) Thank You, Fog: Last Poems (Random House, 1974) Epistle to a Godson (Faber and Faber, 1972) Academic Graffiti (Faber and Faber, 1971) City Without Walls and Other Poems (Random House, 1969) Collected Longer Poems (Random House, 1968) Collected Shorter Poems 1927-1957 (Faber and Faber, 1966) About the House (Random House, 1965) Homage to Clio (Faber and Faber, 1960) Selected Poetry (1956) The Old Man's Road (Voyages Press,1956) The Shield of Achilles (Random House, 1955) Nones (Random House, 1951) Collected Shorter Poems 1930-1944 (Faber and Faber, 1950) The Age of Anxiety: A Baroque Eclogue (Random House, 1947) The Collected Poetry of W. H. Auden (Random House, 1945) For the Time Being (Random House, 1944) The Sea and the Mirror (1944) The Double Man (Random House, 1941) The Quest (1941) Selected Poems (Faber and Faber, 1938) Spain (Faber and Faber, 1937) Look, Stranger! (Faber and Faber, 1936) The Orators (Faber and Faber, 1932) Poems (1930)