Marble Arch and St Paul's are stations on which London Underground line?

Central to 141 Hainault via Newbury Park Between Lancaster Gate and Marble Arch 1 min Central to 110 Epping Between Queensway and Lancaster Gate 2 mins Central to 142 Hainault via Newbury Park At Notting Hill Gate 4 mins Central to 102 Newbury Park Between Shepherd's Bush and Holland Park 6 mins Central to 007 Loughton Between White City and Shepherd's Bush 8 mins Central to 063 Hainault via Newbury Park Between East Acton and White City 12 mins Central to 010 Epping Left East Acton 13 mins Central to 047 Woodford Via Hainault Left North Acton 15 mins Central to 011 Epping Between Hanger Lane and North Acton Junction 18 mins Central to 073 Newbury Park At Greenford 24 mins Central to 143 Hainault via Newbury Park Between South Ruislip and Northolt 29 mins Central to 112 Northolt At Bond Street 1 min Central to 051 Ealing Broadway At Oxford Circus 2 mins Central to 322 West Ruislip At Tottenham Court Road 4 mins Central to 074 White City At Chancery Lane 6 mins Central to 023 West Ruislip Left St. Paul's 8 mins Central to 145 Ealing Broadway Between Bank and St. Paul's 9 mins Central to 024 West Ruislip Between Liverpool Street and Bank 11 mins Central to 305 Ealing Broadway At Bethnal Green 16 mins Central to 325 West Ruislip At Mile End 19 mins Central to 041 Ealing Broadway Between Stratford and Mile End 21 mins Central to 125 West Ruislip At Stratford 24 mins Central to 066 White City Between Leyton and Stratford 25 mins Central to 026 West Ruislip Between Leytonstone and Leyton 28 mins


Name the British equestrian who took part in her fifth Olympic Games in Beijing?

BBC SPORT | Olympics | Team GB | Team GB for Beijing Team GB for Beijing Which British athletes have made it to Beijing? On this page you can find the names of every athlete competing on behalf of Team GB at the 2008 Olympic Games. All athletes had to be nominated to the British Olympic Association by their sport's governing body, then officially selected by the BOA in order to take up their places. Watch our fruit shoot with GB archers Charlotte Burgess and Alan Wills Men Larry Godfrey, Simon Terry, Alan Wills Women Charlotte Burgess, Naomi Folkard, Alison Williamson Team GB has the maximum of six archers in its squad for Beijing. Alison Williamson is heading to her fifth Olympics, having won bronze in Athens, while both Wills and Terry are ranked in the world's top 10. Expect the British archers to challenge for both team and individual medals. UK Athletics performance direct Dave Collins on GB's Beijing medals target Men 100m: Simeon Williamson, Craig Pickering, Tyrone Edgar 200m: Marlon Devonish, Christian Malcolm, Alex Nelson 400m: Martyn Rooney, Andrew Steele 800m: Michael Rimmer 1500m: Andy Baddeley, Tom Lancashire 5000m: Mo Farah 110m hurdles: Allan Scott, Andy Turner High jump: Martyn Bernard, Germaine Mason, Tom Parsons Pole vault: Steve Lewis Long jump: Greg Rutherford, Chris Tomlinson Triple jump: Phillips Idowu, Larry Achike, Nathan Douglas Decathlon: Daniel Awde 4x100m: Harry Aikines-Aryeetey, Tyrone Edgar, Rikki Fifton, Craig Pickering, Simeon Williamson 4x400m: Michael Bingham, Richard Buck, Dale Garland, Martyn Rooney, Andrew Steele, Rob Tobin Women 100m: Montell Douglas, Jeanette Kwakye 200m: Emily Freeman 400m: Lee McConnell, Christine Ohuruogu, Nicola Sanders 800m: Jenny Meadows, Marilyn Okoro, Jemma Simpson 1500m: Lisa Dobriskey, Susan Scott, Stephanie Twell 5000m: Jo Pavey 10000m: Jo Pavey, Kate Reed 3000m steeplechase: Helen Clitheroe, Barbara Parker Marathon: Paula Radcliffe, Mara Yamauchi, Liz Yelling 100m hurdles: Sarah Claxton 4x100m: Emma Ania, Montell Douglas, Jeanette Kwayke, Ashlee Nelson, Anyika Onuora, Laura Turner 4x400m: Vicki Barr, Donna Fraser, Lee McConnell, Christine Ohuruogu, Nicola Sanders GB ATHLETES ON 606 I haven't yet thrown as far as I think I can - the momentum's been building all year and I'm trying to keep a lid on it until August Goldie Sayers, javelin UK Athletics only named one male 100m runner prior to the High Court ruling on Dwain Chambers' attempt to overturn his Olympic ban. Once Chambers lost his appeal, Craig Pickering and Tyrone Edgar were named in the final team. Marathon world record holder Paula Radcliffe's participation is threatened by a stress fracture in her left thigh - she has been named but is allowed to pull out and be replaced at any time before the event. Robertson and Emms took silver at the Athens 2004 mixed doubles Singles Nathan Robertson and Gail Emms Anthony Clark and Donna Kellogg Athens mixed doubles silver medallist Nathan Robertson has been included in Britain's six-strong Olympic squad after overcoming an ankle injury. Robertson will again partner Gail Emms in Beijing, Donna Kellogg and Anthony Clark compete in the mixed doubles, and Tracey Hallam and Andrew Smith play in the singles. OLYMPICS BLOG When Nathan and I play our best, we are awesome and we are the best in the world Gail Emms Robertson and Emms, ranked sixth in the world, won the mixed doubles world title in 2006 beating Kellogg and Clark in the final. Inside Sport meets GB's boxing medal contenders Super-heavyweight: David Price Flyweight: Khalid Yafai After their best ever Olympic qualification campaign, Britain will have seven boxers in Beijing. Lightweight world champion Frankie Gavin was ruled out at the last minute after failing to make it down to the 60kg limit. But light-welterweight Bradley Saunders, bantamweight Joe Murray and light-heavyweight Tony Jeffries also qualified places for Beijing at the World Amateur Championships in Chicago last year. Three more fighters - welterweight Billy Joe Saunders, flyweight Khalid Yafai and middleweight James Degale - earned thei


Which religion believes in the Four Noble Truths?

BBC - Religions - Buddhism: The Four Noble Truths The Four Noble Truths Last updated 2009-11-17 This article examines the Four Noble Truths, four principles which contain the essence of the Buddha's teachings. On this page The Four Noble Truths Statue of Buddha, 1st-2nd century CE, Afghanistan © "I teach suffering, its origin, cessation and path. That's all I teach", declared the Buddha 2500 years ago. The Four Noble Truths contain the essence of the Buddha's teachings. It was these four principles that the Buddha came to understand during his meditation under the bodhi tree. The truth of suffering (Dukkha) The truth of the origin of suffering (Samudāya) The truth of the cessation of suffering (Nirodha) The truth of the path to the cessation of suffering (Magga) The Buddha is often compared to a physician. In the first two Noble Truths he diagnosed the problem (suffering) and identified its cause. The third Noble Truth is the realisation that there is a cure. The fourth Noble Truth, in which the Buddha set out the Eightfold Path, is the prescription, the way to achieve a release from suffering. The First Noble Truth Suffering (Dukkha) Suffering comes in many forms. Three obvious kinds of suffering correspond to the first three sights the Buddha saw on his first journey outside his palace: old age, sickness and death. But according to the Buddha, the problem of suffering goes much deeper. Life is not ideal: it frequently fails to live up to our expectations. Human beings are subject to desires and cravings, but even when we are able to satisfy these desires, the satisfaction is only temporary. Pleasure does not last; or if it does, it becomes monotonous. Even when we are not suffering from outward causes like illness or bereavement, we are unfulfilled, unsatisfied. This is the truth of suffering. Some people who encounter this teaching may find it pessimistic. Buddhists find it neither optimistic nor pessimistic, but realistic. Fortunately the Buddha's teachings do not end with suffering; rather, they go on to tell us what we can do about it and how to end it. In order to see this content you need to have both Javascript enabled and Flash installed. Visit BBC Webwise for full instructions The Second Noble Truth Origin of suffering (Samudāya) Our day-to-day troubles may seem to have easily identifiable causes: thirst, pain from an injury, sadness from the loss of a loved one. In the second of his Noble Truths, though, the Buddha claimed to have found the cause of all suffering - and it is much more deeply rooted than our immediate worries. The Buddha taught that the root of all suffering is desire, tanhā. This comes in three forms, which he described as the Three Roots of Evil, or the Three Fires, or the Three Poisons. The Three Fires of hate, greed and ignorance, shown in a circle, each reinforcing the others. Photo: Falk Kienas © The three roots of evil These are the three ultimate causes of suffering: Greed and desire, represented in art by a rooster Ignorance or delusion, represented by a pig Hatred and destructive urges, represented by a snake Language note: Tanhā is a term in Pali, the language of the Buddhist scriptures, that specifically means craving or misplaced desire. Buddhists recognise that there can be positive desires, such as desire for enlightenment and good wishes for others. A neutral term for such desires is chanda. The Fire Sermon The Buddha taught more about suffering in the Fire Sermon, delivered to a thousand bhikkus (Buddhist monks). Bhikkhus, all is burning. And what is the all that is burning? The eye is burning, forms are burning, eye-consciousness is burning, eye-contact is burning, also whatever is felt as pleasant or painful or neither-painful-nor-pleasant that arises with eye-contact for its indispensable condition, that too is burning. Burning with what? Burning with the fire of lust, with the fire of hate, with the fire of delusion. I say it is burning with birth, aging and death, with sorrows, with lamentations, with pains, with griefs, with despairs. The Fire Sermon (SN 35:28


In rhyming slang what is a 'Tommy Trinder'?

Other meanings of Tommy Trinder Other meanings of Tommy Trinder If you see a hyperlink, click to get alternative slang or alternative translations. Window We tweet new slang every day! RAQUEL WELCH means BELCH #cockney #london #slang #cockneyrhymingslang https://t.co/4OqG4xGM5h CANTERBURY TALES means WALES #cockney #london #slang #cockneyrhymingslang https://t.co/EiD0KtXJ0t STAND AT EASE means CHEESE #cockney #london #slang #cockneyrhymingslang https://t.co/sj2tS4Rvcy SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION means PENSION #cockney #london #slang #cockneyrhymingslang https://t.co/gsafRrGKUJ PATSY CLINE means LINE (COCAINE) #cockney #london #slang #cockneyrhymingslang https://t.co/eDj9r0qCMj ROGER MOORE means DOOR #cockney #london #slang #cockneyrhymingslang https://t.co/2szNaHwK5W


Admiral Togo was a commander at which major battle of 1905?

The Battle of Tsushima, 1905 » NHSA The Battle of Tsushima, 1905 Author Publication June 1980 edition of the Naval Historical Review (all rights reserved) Editor’s Note: On the night of 8th February 1904, Vice Admiral Togo led the Japanese Combined Fleet against Russian naval units anchored at Port Arthur at the western end of Korea Bay. Caught by surprise the Russian warships were struck down by deadly torpedo attacks. Two battleships and a cruiser suffered heavy damage and had to be beached. The Russo-Japanese war had begun, although it was a week before official declarations were made. This article on the Battle of Tsushima which was fought in the following year is by the Society’s only Japanese member and has been edited. ON THE 30TH AUGUST 1904 Tsar Nicholas II decided to send his Baltic Fleet to the Far East in order to join the Russian Pacific Fleet to annihilate the presumptuous Japanese Navy. Four months earlier the Tsar had been shocked by the report of the tragic loss of the flagship Petropavlosk and the Commander-in-Chief Admiral Makaroff, the most experienced admiral in the Tsarist Navy. Admiral Makaroff had arrived at Port Arthur after the first attack to bolster up the badly demoralized Russian Squadron, but shortly afterwards his flagship was mined and sunk with heavy loss of life. As early as the 2nd May the Tsar had appointed his favourite, Vice Admiral Rojestvensky, to the command of the second Pacific Fleet to be despatched to the Far East. The Fleet however did not sail from Kronstadt until the 9th October 1904 due to long delays in preparation. Later in the wake of the fall of Port Arthur in January 1905 and the complete destruction of the First Pacific Fleet by the Japanese, the Tsar decided to form a Third Pacific Fleet, which sailed from Kronstadt on the 15th February 1905. This Fleet joined the Second Fleet on the 9th May. The combined fleets made up the massive ‘Baltic Fleet’, which was to be engaged with the Japanese Navy at Tsushima. That immense voyage of the Baltic Fleet of 18,000 miles deserves to be told as a modern Odyssey and lasted more than seven months. Vice Admiral Rojestvensky, the expedition’s commander, showed his capacity to lead his great fleet to the Far East through every possible difficulty. His counterpart, Japan’s Vice Admiral Togo, on the other hand, was devoting himself to various preparations, knowing that he was destined to be engaged in a decisive battle with the Baltic Fleet. Admiral Togo’s Preparations First of all Admiral Togo had to destroy the Russian fleet based at Port Arthur. The strength of the Russian First Pacific Fleet was on a par with Togo’s fleet. Therefore, unless Togo destroyed it completely, he would not have any chance of even achieving a draw with the Baltic Fleet. The battle with the fleet of Port Arthur began in February 1904 and finally ended on the 7th December when the Japanese army attacked Port Arthur from the land, took possession of ‘203 Heights’ and sank all the ships in the port by artillery attack. The final victory at Port Arthur only came after various sea battles, one of which was known as the Battle of the Yellow Sea. The destruction of the ships at Port Arthur and the successful naval battles gave Togo the vital foundation required to fight the Baltic Fleet, but was only obtained with painful sacrifice and involved the loss of the battleships Yashima and Hatsuse, both mined on the 15th May 1904. The two battleships lost represented a third of Togo’s modern battleships. Russia had also a squadron in Vladivostok consisting of three armoured cruisers, one light cruiser, one converted cruiser and 17 torpedo boats. This squadron’s operations were very effective and with a total of seven sorties in six months, they sank ten Japanese transports in Japan’s sea lane to Korea and along Japan’s Pacific coast, which were more than distasteful threats to Japan. After repeated but unsuccessful attempts, opportunity came to Vice Admiral Uemura, when he sighted the enemy on the 14th August 1904 at 0425. By 1042 Uemura ran out of all ammunition and


Who is the clown in Shakespeare's 'Twelfth Night'?

Introduction to Shakespeare's Clown Feste from Twelfth Night   Shakespeare's Characters: Feste (Twelfth Night) From The Works of William Shakespeare. Vol. 16. Ed. Evangeline Maria O'Connor. J.D. Morris and Co. The Clown in this play, who, I am inclined to think, should bear his name all through by as good a right as Touchstone, is a remarkable creation, and very essential to the knitting and coherence of the general play. His musical talent is most diversified; he gives as readily and with equal effect the tender love song suited to the dreamy and poetical being of the Duke, or the noisy catch that shakes the rafters and calls up Malvolio at midnight. Thus catholic in his artistic range, he has a not less wide intellectual scope. He plumbs the depth accurately of his mistress's exhausted sorrow, penetrates the destiny of Maria and Sir Toby's weak pia mater, holds up a mirror to the opalescent humours of the Duke, and takes remarkably good care of his own economical resources, by asking on every occasion when he is safe to obtain � yet free from slyness withal, genial and enjoyable, as he is free of speech. Still, apart from a certain degree of loyalty to his mistress, he knows the world too well � this it is to be wise and to suffer for it, to remain very long in society of the same tone, or to feel much sympathy for anybody, or consequently to get much in return. With no great interest in the practical jests and bear-baitings that are rife around him, he does not refuse, however, to gratify his pique of profession, by lending a helping hand in duping the churlish steward. Lloyd: Critical Essays on the Plays of Shakespeare. ______________________ Of all Shakespeare's clowns, he is the best endowed with a many-sided mirth, as indeed he should be to pass lightly through the mingled romance and roystering of the play and favor all its moods. The sentiment of the Duke is as inebriated as the revelling which Malvolio rebukes. Olivia's protracted grief for her brother is carefully cosseted by her, as if on purpose to give the Clown an opportunity. Clo. Good madonna, why mournest thou? Oliv. Good fool, for my brother's death. Clo. I think his soul is in hell, madonna. Oliv. I know his soul is in heaven, fool. Clo. The more fool, madonna, to mourn for your brother's soul being in heaven. � Take away the fool, gentlemen. All the characters, noble and common, have some weakness which he intuitively rallies. The charm of the comedy lies in these unsubstantial moods of the chief personages which consort with the more substantial whims and appetites of the others. The only sobriety is vested in the Clown; for all his freaks have a consistent disposition. So the lovely poetry of the mock mourners alternates with the tipsy prose of the genuine fleshly fellows. Their hearty caterwauling penetrates to Olivia's fond seclusion, and breaks up her brooding. Feste is everywhere at home. When he plays the curate's part, Malvolio beseechingly cries, "Sir Topas, Sir Topas!" The Clown says aside, "Nay, I am for all waters" � that is, for topaz, diamond, gems of the first water, all many-colored facets, I'll reflect. And he does so in this conversation which he holds with Malvolio, who says, "I am no more mad than you are; make the trial of it in any constant question." Then Feste airs his learning: "What is the opinion of Pythagoras concerning wild-fowl?" and makes his question lead up to a sharp retort, when Malvolio answers, "That the soul of our grandam might haply inhabit a bird"; for then Feste says, "Thou shalt hold the opinion of Pythagoras ere I will allow of thy wits, and fear to kill a woodcock lest thou dispossess the soul of thy grandam." For it was a country notion that the woodcock was the foolishest of birds; so he translates Malvolio's grandam into one, and leaves him to inherit her absence of wits. And Malvolio was so devoured by mortification and anxiety that he does not notice when Feste cannot restrain his burlesquing knack, but makes the pretended curate say that Malvolio's cell "hath bay-windows, t


Which small fish of the herring family is prized for its flavor and used in sauces and pizza toppings?

Types of Fish - How To Cooking Tips - RecipeTips.com Description Catfish A type of scaleless, freshwater river fish distinguished by the whisker-like barbels that extend from its mouth. It is very popular because of its mild taste and because of the limited number of bones. It is easily poached, baked or fried. Grayling A small freshwater fish that is similar to a brown trout. It has an excellent flavor, but they are hard to find in most food stores and fish markets. The average weight is about one pound or less, but some may be double that. The grayling does not keep very well after it is caught, so it must be eaten as soon as possible. It is best when broiled or grilled. Pickerel A fresh water fish in the pike family of fish. It is the smallest of the pike family, ranging from two to three pounds. It is a lean, low-fat fish with firm white flesh when cooked. Pike A fresh water fish that is found in the Great Lakes and other large lakes in the upper United States and Canada. It is a family of fish, which includes the pickerel, pike and muskellunge. The pickerel is the smallest, averaging 1 1/2 to 3 pounds, the pike ranging form 3 to 10 pounds, and the large muskellunge, generally referred to as muskie, ranging from 10 to 35 pounds. Muskellunges have gotten as big as 60 pounds. The pike is known for its lean, low fat, firm flesh, which is yellow when raw but flaky white when cooked. One disadvantage of the pike is that it is bony. Pike is available fresh or frozen, and whole or in fillets or steaks. Pike can be prepared by most any cooking method. Rainbow Trout A freshwater fish with a firm textured flesh that has medium to high fat content. It is one of the most popular varieties of trout throughout the world. Most commercially raised Rainbow trout average 8 ounces but they can grow up to 50 pounds. Rainbow trout can be found fresh and frozen, whole and in fillets, and is generally fried when cooked. They can also be grilled, broiled, baked, steamed and poached. Sunfish A North American freshwater fish, which consists of many varieties that are noted for their unique shapes and brilliant colors. The varieties include white and black crappies, and several types of bass, such as largemouth, smallmouth, redeye, rock, and spotted. Tilapia A name used to refer to several species of warm, freshwater fish that are commonly bred in commercial operations to be processed for food. Although, Tilapia is a freshwater fish, it is also found living in saltwater. They cannot survive in water less than 60°F. Tilapia grown in warmer waters will often reach a weight of 3 to 4 pounds, while the majority produced for food in commercial ponds will weigh approximately 2 pounds or more. Since they reproduce well and can be raised in controlled ponds, they can be processed faster, brought to market quicker and provide fresher meat than other varieties that require longer harvesting, processing and distribution time. While the outer flesh may range in color from black with white shading to pinkish-red, the meat of this fish is white, firm in texture and mildly sweet in flavor, very similar to catfish. It can be prepared by baking, broiling, grilling, frying, poaching, or steaming. Trout A round freshwater fish, which is found worldwide. There are several varieties of trout, including rainbow, brook, and lake. Rainbow trout, known for the pinkish red stripe on its sides, is the most popular variety with American consumers. The flesh of trout ranges from white to pink or orange in color and has a mildly rich taste and a tender, flaky texture. Trout is moderately lean and can be prepared by frying, broiling, grilling, or baking. It can be found fresh or frozen and is most often sold whole. If not available, salmon or whitefish can be substituted. Walleye Pike A type of freshwater fish that is not a pike at all, but is a member of the perch family. Walleyed Pike has firm, flaky flesh that is mildly flavored and is suitable for many cooking methods including baking, frying, broiling, grilling , and poaching. It is found mainly in freshwater lakes of


Which radio station became BBC Radio Four in 1967?

How and when did the BBC's four main radio stations (Radios One, Two, Three and Four) get their names? Surely Radio One didn't come first? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk How and when did the BBC's four main radio stations (Radios One, Two, Three and Four) get their names? Surely Radio One didn't come first? Gareth Jones, Nailsea, North Somerset, UK No, they were named simultaneously, I think in 1967, to replace the previous three stations. The BBC, having television stations 1 and 2, decided to be terribly imaginative when re-naming their radio stations! L Smith, Edinburgh, Scotland In the late 1960s. Previously there had been the "Light Programme" for popular music, the "Home Service" for features, news, discussions, and the "Third Programme" for classical/serious music. The Home Service became Radio 4, which moved to the Light Programme's frequency (1500 LW) where more people could hear it; the Third Programme became Radio 3, and the Light Programme was divided into Radios 1 and 2, moving to MW instead of LW. Radio 2 maintained the same sort of output as the Light Programme, whereas Radio 1 became the first BBC station officially to broadcast pop, rock and soul rather than Housewives' Favourites and James Last. 1 was launched to combat the success of pirate and foreign pop stations like Radio Caroline and Luxembourg 208. Simon Gilman, Edmonton, UK The BBC used to have three stations, the Home Service which broadcast news and talks, the Light Programme which had light entertainment and music, and the Third Programme for classical music. When the pirate radios of the 1960s were so successful at broadcasting pop and rock music, sadly lacking on the BBC, they responded by creating Radio 1. And then renamed the others. The Third Programme sensibly became Radio 3, it was probably a toss-up between 2 and 4 for the other two. yggdrasil, Worcester, UK They came out of the reorganisation of the BBC that followed the anti-pirate radio legislation. It was recognised that the pirates had found a niche unfilled by the BBC, so the old Light Programme was broken into two - Radio 1 & Radio 2, the Third Programme became Radio 3, and the Home Service Radio 4. Peter Brooke, By Kinmuck, Scotland Radio One came last and, curiously, was trailed before its launch as "Radio 247" - that being its wavelength on medium wave. Before 30th September 1967 there was The Home Service, Light Programme and the Third Programme. So, as "Third" already had a number - presumably they began with this - changing it to Radio 3. The new service may have been called "1" because it was associated with the Top 20 record charts and "it's Number One it's Top Of The Pops" - and 1 implies newness. Then the Light and Home were allocated the remaining 2 and 4 (but presumably this could have been the other way round) Alan Daulby, Mold, UK Radios 1,2,3,and 4 each came into existence at 5.30 a.m. 30th September 1967. Until then the BBC broadcast the Light Programme (light music and entertainment and now Radio 2), the Home Service (News and current events, now Radio 4) and the Third Programme (Classical music, now Radio 3). Plainly Radio 3 took its number from the old Third Programme but the other station numbers appear to have been assigned at random. Alec Jameson, Hong Kong I think they were numbered backwards. Originally (i.e. when I was young) we had the Home service, Light programme and Network Three which became the Third Programme. Since this was the only one with a number, it became Radio 3 and the others were numbered around it. I assume this happened when the new, lighter than light, radio One was added so 1 & 2 filled the gap nicely. Regrettably I cannot remember when this happened. Ray Hall, London, UK According to the BBC website (http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/about/) Radios 1-4 were launched as part of a general reorganisation of BBC Radio on 30 September 1967. It doesn't say why the numbers were chosen. Radio 4, as being the successor of the old 'Home Service' can probably claim to be the oldest. Radio 3 is the successor to the old 'Third Programme', so th


The world's first iron bridge was completed in 1781 at Coalbrookdale, which river does it span?

The Iron Bridge Shop The Iron Bridge The world's first cast iron bridge was built over the River Severn at Coalbrookdale in 1779. Not only iron founders and industrial spies flocked to see this wondrous bridge, but also artists and travellers. The Bridge had a far reaching impact: on local society and the economy, on bridge design and on the use of cast iron in building. The story of the bridge's conservation begins in 1784 with reports of cracks in the Southern abutments, and is brought up to date with the English Heritage sponsored work of 1999.


Vladimir Ashkanazy plays which musical instrument?

Vladimir Ashkenazy on Apple Music To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. Biography Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazy was born in Gorky, USSR, on July 6, 1937. His parents were both professional pianists and taught him piano beginning at age six. His father was a non-observant Russian Jew, and his mother was a Russian of (Christian) Orthodox faith. After his debut in Moscow at the tender age of eight, Ashkenazy was subsequently put on track for a musical career and enrolled in Moscow's Central Music School. His regular piano teacher there was Anaida Sumbatian. In 1955 he entered the Moscow Conservatory, studying with the great pianist Lev Oborin. In the same year he won second prize in the Fifth Warsaw International Chopin Competition. In 1956 he won the Gold Medal in the Brussels Queen Elizabeth International piano competition, and then toured the United States in 1958. In 1961 he married an Icelandic pianist who was studying in Moscow, Sofia Johannsdottir. He won first prize in the Second Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow in 1962, sharing that honor with British pianist John Ogden. In 1963 Ashkenazy and his wife, travelling on their Soviet passports, went to London, where he made his debut in an orchestral concert at Festival Hall, a great success. He stayed on in England and centered his life and career there, beginning a long association with England's Decca (London) records. He quickly made a reputation as one of the most brilliant pianists in the Russian tradition. In 1971 he moved with his family to Reykjavik, where he was awarded Iceland's Order of the Falcon. In 1972 he took out Icelandic citizenship, and splits his year between Iceland and London. He took up the conductor's baton in the 1970s and increased his activity in that sphere steadily, becoming principal guest conductor of the Philharmonic Orchestra of London (1981), music director of the Royal Philharmonic of London (1987), principal guest conductor of the Cleveland Orchestra (1987) and chief conductor of the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (1989). With the end of the Soviet Union, he has made triumphant return concerts in Russia. His piano playing is bright and incisive, with clear articulation and intellectual depth that does not interfere with the production of warm feeling. He has exceptional control over tone color. Although he possesses a considerable degree of sheer strength, his excellent playing in delicate passages creates the dominant impression. His repertoire is wide-ranging, and he has recorded most of it, from Haydn to the works of the first half of the twentieth century. He has made particularly valuable recordings of the complete piano works of Chopin, Rachmaninov, and Skryabin. Other excellent series include music of Brahms, Liszt, and the complete Prokofiev concertos. As a conductor, he is highly effective in Russian music, particularly in Prokofiev, and has made the leading recording of that composer's Romeo and Juliet. He has made his own orchestration of Musorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and recorded the work in that highly effective version, in Gortchakov's orchestration, and in its original form as a piano solo. He remains active in both careers at this writing (1998). ~ Joseph Stevenson Top Albums


What was founded by the Rev. William and Catherine Booth in 1878?

William Booth Biography -Biography Online About William Booth Biography William Booth (1829 – 1912) founded the Salvation Army – a quasi military religious organisation dedicated to offering humanitarian aid and tackling the material and spiritual poverty of the Victorian age. William Booth converted to Methodism as a young adult and was a fervent believer in evangelical Christianity. The Salvation Army spread to become a global humanitarian charity seeking to provide material aid and spiritual salvation. Short Bio William Booth William Booth was born in Sneinton, Nottingham, England in 1829. Although his family were relatively prosperous, his father later lost his money and was declared bankrupt. William grew up in a situation of poverty. Aged only 13, Booth was apprenticed to a pawnbroker to earn a living. When Booth was about 15 he heard about Methodism and the message of salvation. He became an ardent convert and embraced the religion wholeheartedly. He read widely and was inspired to become a speaker and missionary seeking to save souls. Booth believed that those who rejected Jesus Christ as their saviour were doomed to eternal hell. He saw his life mission to save as many people as possible. Let the business of the world take care of itself … My business is to get the world saved. “The Risks” in The War Cry (20 December 1884) After preaching to the poor and ‘sinners’ in Nottingham, Booth wanted to leave his pawnbroking job, which he considered sinful. In 1849, he left Nottingham to seek employment in London as a lay preacher. There were few jobs as a lay preacher, but Booth took to open air evangelising and would tour the poor districts of London seeking to save souls. In 1851, Booth joined the reformers (Methodist Reform Church), and in 1852, he married Catherine Mumford. However, Booth was again frustrated at the lack of opportunities to preach within the Methodist church so left to be an independent evangelist. In 1865, Booth and his wife founded The Christian Revival Society. This was an organisation committed to helping the poorest and most neglected of the East End of London. It involved giving food, shelter and clothes, but also seeking to save people spiritually. At the time, there were many similar religious organisations committed to helping the poor, and offering aid to try and educate people into religious salvation. It was hard work, as the Christian missionaries often faced hostility from local people, who derided their evangelising. Booth and his wife struggled to raise sufficient funds to keep the mission going, but they never gave up and remain committed to serving the poor in the heart of the poorest areas in London. While women weep, as they do now, I’ll fight While there is a drunkard left, While there is a poor lost girl upon the streets, While there remains one dark soul without the light of God, I’ll fight-I’ll fight to the very end!  William Booth In 1878, they changed the name of the Christian Revival Society to the Salvation Army. Booth’s motivation was that he didn’t see himself as a volunteer, but a regular soldier serving God. The organisation was based on military principles. Booth was the ‘General’; they had their own flag, their own uniform, and ‘military’ songs based on Christian hymns. Other members were referred to as officers. The strict organisation and missionary zeal of Booth, helped the Salvation Army grow from humble beginnings to become a global organisation with a powerful presence in countries around the world. The Salvation Army was soon present across Europe, the US and part of the British Empire. Booth was a tireless worker, travelling to over 58 countries and becoming one of the best known evangelists and charity workers of the age. In the 1890s, he published two books called – In Darkest England and the Way Out . This set out his vision for social welfare based on his Christian evangelical principles. He argued that the poorest slums of England were little better than under-developed Africa (this was at a time when many felt Britain a superior civilisation to Africa


What is/was a seller of Papal indulgences called?

Martin Luther, Against the Sale of Indulgences Against the Sale of Indulgences by Martin Luther by Jim Jones , West Chester University of Pennsylvania (c.2012) Return to the Syllabus


By what name was the singer Ronnie Wycherley better known?

Billy Fury sculpture at the Albert Dock - Museum of Liverpool, Liverpool museums Billy Fury sculpture at the Albert Dock Billy's mother Jean Wycherley and brother Albie with the sculpture A fitting location The Billy Fury sculpture can be seen overlooking the River Mersey, outside the Piermaster's House in the Albert Dock. This is an appropriate location as Billy worked as a deck hand on the Mersey tug boat The Formby, owned by the Alexandra Towing Company, for approximately two years from 1956, before he became famous.   Billy Fury Billy Fury was born Ronald Wycherley in Haliburton Street in The Dingle, Liverpool on 17 April 1940. He first found fame in the early 1960s and is remembered as one of the most famous stars in the history of British rock and roll. Music was always his life. He taught himself to play the guitar and write songs from an early age. Whilst on the tugs Ronnie Wycherley, as he was known then, formed a skiffle group with workmates just for fun, with the tongue in cheek name, 'The Formby Sniffle Groop'. Sadly he had to give up the job on the tugs although he enjoyed it, because of a recurrence of rheumatic fever which he had also suffered in childhood and which damaged his heart. He was discovered by Larry Parnes, the famous London impresario shortly after this and made his first public appearance at the Essoldo in Birkenhead to an audience of screaming girls. 'Billy Fury' was born. His total record sales were on a par with acts such as Elvis, The Beatles and Cliff Richard. Billy wrote 10 songs for his first album The Sound of Fury. He was one of the few artists before the Beatles era to do this. After suffering a range of health problems, career decline and subsequent revival, Billy suffered a fatal heart attack in January 1983 and died at the age of only 42. Today Billy’s life is celebrated through his many fans. The sculpture by Tom Murphy This statue, made by Liverpool sculptor Tom Murphy in 2003, was commissioned by ‘The Sound of Fury’ fan club following six years of fundraising and donations from fans, both members and non members, from home and abroad. It was very kindly donated to National Museums Liverpool by ‘The Sound of Fury’ as a lasting tribute to Billy, one of Liverpool’s greatest stars. It was originally displayed in the courtyard of the former Museum of Liverpool Life, before moving to its current location in March 2007. Accession number MMM.2003.91 Further information Read more about Billy Fury in a Liverpool Lives feature from April 2005, the month that he would have turned 65. Read a Billy Fury fan's story of how she came to own a very special photo of The Formby tug boat, on the Billy Fury In Thoughts of You fan club website. See the public's photos of the statue in our Billy Fury Flickr group . Share this page


"Which Italian wrote the opera ""La Boheme""?"

OPERA NEWS - Operapedia: La Bohème Operapedia: La Bohème  Henry Stewart consumes Puccini’s iconic tragedy. by Henry Stewart.  ◀ Reactions Puccini didn’t push the form forward, as Richard Strauss would within a decade. Instead, he wrote unabashedly beautiful music, the apotheosis of that lushly Romantic Italian sound. The Metropolitan Opera has performed Bohème 1,290 times, more than any other opera, and, except for 2013, it has been at the house every year since 1981, when the now-iconic Franco Zeffirelli production received its premiere. Dozens of artists have made their company debuts in it, including Vittorio Grigolo, Roberto Alagna, Angela Gheorghiu, Patricia Racette and Plácido Domingo—as a conductor!   ▲ Time and Place Bohème is set in an epochal Paris of starving artists that the opera helped iconize. Puccini re-created a city very different, spiritually and geographically, from the one that existed at the time of the opera’s premiere. By the 1860s, Café Momus, where the characters party during Act II, had already become a paint store, and today it’s a boutique hotel—a long way from a boho Right Bank bar! Act III’s tavern just beyond the city limits—at the Barrière d’Enfer (Gate of Hell), now the Place Denfert-Rochereau—was no longer the edge of town but well within the new walls. Today it’s a major traffic intersection—not the opera’s sleepy, snowy, secluded hideaway.   ► Something Completely Different Jonathan Larson moved Puccini’s characters from 1830-ish Paris to 1990-ish Alphabet City: Mimì’s lost key becomes Mimi’s lost bag of dope; tuberculosis becomes AIDS; “Quando me’n vo’” becomes “Take Me or Leave Me.” Rent opened off Broadway in 1996—the day after the thirty-five-year-old Larson died from a freak heart problem. The show moved to Broadway, won the Tony and Pulitzer Prize and ran for twelve years and more than 5,000 performances (during which time Bohème played 169 performances at the Met), making it the eleventh longest-running show in Broadway history.   ▲ In Pop Culture Bohème’s ongoing popularity at the Met might be because it’s the show Nicolas Cage and Cher go to see there in Moonstruck, making it the night-out opera for newbies and basic-cable junkies: all the stereotypical trappings—the fountain at Lincoln Center, the black tie, the ornate chandeliers—are there. (The characters basically fall in love during the last lines of “Donde lieta uscì.”) Puccini’s music pervades the soundtrack, helping transform John Patrick Shanley’s humble romance between working-class Brooklynites into a grand fairy-tale.   ▲ The Performance We Should've Seen Rent was on Broadway and Bohème was at the Met when Baz Luhrmann—then best known in the U.S. for movies such as Romeo + Juliet and Moulin Rouge!—opened a spectacular, $8.5-million production of Puccini’s opera on Broadway, where it ran for a disappointing 228 performances. New York City ca. 2002 was positively Bohème-saturated! Luhrmann told The New York Times he was “taking this work back to the broad audiences for whom it was written.” “Have any of these people,” Brooks Peters responded rhetorically in OPERA NEWS, “been barred from opera houses?” ▼ On Background   The librettists took as their source Henry Murger’s newspaper serial about his friends, collected in 1851 as Scènes de la Vie de Bohème; Puccini et al. condensed and streamlined it (and made it less resemble Verdi’s 1853 La Traviata). “Murger’s book has both endured and faded because of its fervent, wholehearted, mulishly determined sentimentality,” Luc Sante writes in The Other Paris. “It branded bohemia, gave it an origin myth…. Murger … made [bohemia] into a sort of secular religion, all noble suffering and unjust persecution.” Puccini transformed Murger’s storefront church into a gothic cathedral. ► Hit Tune I’ve never seen a Musetta who could make Puccini’s obnoxious character, a love interest for one of the hero’s friends, as much fun as she could be. Still, Musetta’s waltz, “Quando me’n vo,” the Act II showcase for the coquette, has endured, because it’s such a luscious earworm, delicate yet e


"Who wrote the book ""The Brothers Karamazov""?"

The Brothers Karamazov (1958) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Ryevsk, Russia, 1870. Tensions abound in the Karamazov family. Fyodor is a wealthy libertine who holds his purse strings tightly. His four grown sons include Dmitri, the eldest, an elegant ... See full summary  » Director: a list of 25 titles created 24 Aug 2012 a list of 44 titles created 11 Oct 2012 a list of 41 titles created 09 Jul 2013 a list of 42 titles created 15 Jan 2015 a list of 48 titles created 19 Nov 2015 Title: The Brothers Karamazov (1958) 6.8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Oscar. Another    2 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards  » Photos The Brothers Karamazov (TV Mini-Series 2013) Drama Set in present day Japan in a provincial town, Bunzo Kurosawa, a greedy and violent father, is murdered in his own home. Bunzo has 3 sons: oldest son Mitsuru (Takumi Saito), second son Isao... See full summary  » Stars: Tsubasa Yadome, Hayato Ichihara, Takumi Saitô Directors: Kirill Lavrov, Ivan Pyrev, and 1 more credit  » Stars: Mikhail Ulyanov, Lionella Pyryeva, Kirill Lavrov A British woman trying to escape Hungary with her freedom fighter lover finds herself the obsession of a Communist officer. Director: Anatole Litvak A film that examines the relationships between lives on both sides of the proscenium, Petr Zelenka's Karamazovi finds a Prague-based theatrical ensemble arriving in Krakow, Poland - where ... See full summary  » Director: Petr Zelenka On the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the Native American tribe of chief Black Eagle clashes with the Mayan tribe of king Balam. Director: J. Lee Thompson During the War of 1812 against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: General Andrew Jackson has only 1,200 men left to defend New Orleans when he learns that a British fleet will... See full summary  » Director: Anthony Quinn Bratya Karamazovy (TV Mini-Series 2009) Drama Based on the novel by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevskiy "Bratya Karamazovi", it was his last novel which was supposed to be the first in a series but unfortunately was his last one. This ... See full summary  » Stars: Igor Afanasev, Nikolay Stotskiy, Sergey Batalov Loosely based on the William Faulkner novel, this movie follows the lives and passions of the Compsons: a once-proud Southern family now just barely scraping by both financially and ... See full summary  » Director: Martin Ritt A stern schoolteacher clashes with an aristocratic 19th-century king. Stars: Yul Brynner, Samantha Eggar, Keye Luke A "Romeo and Juliet" story that takes place in the late 16c. Ukraine. Taras has settled into comfortable farm life after years of adventures and swashbuckling with his cossack companions. ... See full summary  » Director: J. Lee Thompson Yul Brynner plays a musical genius whose eccentricities are kept in check by his wife, until she discovers him "auditioning" a sultry young pianist. She walks out on him and his career ... See full summary  » Director: Stanley Donen In New Mexico, a Confederate veteran returns home to find his fiancée married to a Union soldier, his Yankee neighbors rallied against him and his property sold by the local banker who then hires a gunman to kill him. Director: Richard Wilson Edit Storyline Ryevsk, Russia, 1870. Tensions abound in the Karamazov family. Fyodor is a wealthy libertine who holds his purse strings tightly. His four grown sons include Dmitri, the eldest, an elegant officer, always broke and at odds with his father, betrothed to Katya, herself lovely and rich. The other brothers include a sterile aesthete, a factotum who is a bastard, and a monk. Family tensions erupt when Dmitri falls in love with one of his father's mistresses, the coquette Grushenka. Two brothers see Dmitr


By what name was singer Terence Nelhams better known?

Adam Faith - Biography - IMDb Adam Faith Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trivia  (10) | Personal Quotes  (1) Overview (4) 5' 5" (1.65 m) Mini Bio (1) In an interview in "Disc" magazine published in June 1959, following the release of his third (and ultimately unsuccessful) single, Adam Faith declared that his ambition was to become an actor/director--not a singer. Nine years, 35 singles, 24 chart entries, 15 EPs and seven albums later he finally decided to leave the record industry to concentrate fully on fulfilling his thespian dream. Over the next 34 years Faith was to achieve at least the major part of this long-held ambition by becoming one of Britain's most popular stars of stage and screen. However, during his singing career with EMI, he vied with Cliff Richard as the UK's most popular male singer and pop idol. Adam Faith was born Terry Nelhams in Acton, London, on June 23, 1940, the third of five children. He attended John Perryn secondary modern school in Acton and from the age of 12 was able to demonstrate his entrepreneurial skills by means of a series of paper rounds, which enabled him to finance his own clothes budget. This was augmented further when he started selling papers from a pitch to enable him to pay for more than 100 pounds worth of other "gear", including a record player and an impressive bicycle, both costing around 28 pounds--a large sum indeed by 1950s standards. All this was achieved before he left school, at which point he embarked on his first full-time employment as an odd job boy for a silk screen printer close to his home. After only a few weeks with this company he heard of a vacancy for a messenger boy at Rank Screen Services and was taken on at the princely sum of 3 pounds ten shillings per week, dedicating himself to the task of obtaining a transfer to the studios. However, after a year elapsed without any sign of his move, he left to join a company in Wardour Street, Soho, known as TV Advertising Ltd. This was a period when he, like many of his peers, was bitten by the skiffle bug which was then sweeping Britain. His first great idol was Lonnie Donegan , who inspired him to form his first group with colleagues from work. They called themselves "The Worried Men" after one of their most popular numbers, "Worried Man Blues". According to Nelhams, they played all the local Soho expresso coffee bars--Mars, The Cat's Whiskers, Orlando's, The Skiffle Cellar and, of course, the famous Two Is, where they eventually became resident. Nelhams was becoming exhausted, which was not surprising in view of his extra-curricular activities. He had been promoted to assistant cutter at TV Advertising and not only did he combine evening performances with his day job, but he also decided to take managerial responsibility for the group's affairs. Jack Good 's Six-Five Special (1957) TV program had a reputation for originality. One idea was to broadcast a show direct from the Two Is. Naturally, as the resident band, The Worried Men opened and closed the program--valuable exposure and, ultimately, Nelham's first big break. Good was impressed with Nelhams' performance but not necessarily with the group as a whole. He invited Nelhams back on the show as a solo singer, convinced of his potential as Britain's answer to James Dean . Nelhams, encouraged by this optimism, gave up his job as a film cutter and turned professional. Good not only secured him a recording contract with EMI's HMV label on the strength of the TV appearance, but also helped him choose the now familiar name Adam Faith. Faith's debut disc combined "(Got a) Heartsick Feeling" with "Brother Heartache & Sister Tears", and was released in January 1958. It received very little publicity, either in the form of music press coverage or from EMI's own advertising department. Not surprisingly, it failed to make any impression on the charts. Despite all Good's confidence in him, Faith also failed to make any immediate impression on television, but Good gave him another opportunity when he booked him to appear in his stage show versi


What did William Addis invent whilst in Newgate Prison?

William Addis, and the story of the modern toothbrush. – Georgian Gentleman May 292012   For a man who had a Wedgwood plaque issued in 1980 commemorating his “invention” of the first tooth brush two centuries earlier, the information about William Addis seems a bit thin on the ground. Everyone is agreed that he was born in 1734, and that he became a rag trader (collecting rags and then pulping them to make high quality paper, which was then sold on to bookmakers) but I cannot see details of his exact date of birth, or his address. Suffice to say he was from the East End of London. To give him credit for inventing the toothbrush is perhaps a little too strong a statement: after all the word ‘toothbrush’ had been around for some time (it first appeared in English in 1690 when Anthony Wood describes in his autobiography buying such an implement from a Mr J Barret (mmm, can’t wait to get my hands on that autobiography – sounds fascinating….). The point is: tooth brushes had been around for centuries. The Chinese made them from bamboo, with hog’s bristles. But in the Western world these had never caught on and people either used chewing sticks (in effect, twigs which had been chewed to give a splayed end which could be rubbed against the tooth) or else rags. Either way, these were used to apply a gentle abrasive such as coal dust, salt, brick dust etc. Tasty! The story goes that in 1780 our rag-maker William Addis was picked up in Spitalfields and thrown into Newgate prison for causing a riot. People from the East End did that sort of thing apparently. Anyway, he was bored, and a bit fed up of rubbing his teeth with an old rag and a spot of brick dust when he thought he would come up with a better solution: modern hygiene was just around the corner. We are led to believe that he saved a piece of bone found in his prison meal, drilled half a dozen small holes in one end, and, inspired at seeing a broom standing in the corner of his cell, decided to thread bristles though the holes (“Guard, be so good as to go and fetch me the bristles from a Siberian boar, there’s a good chap”). The bristles were then glued or wired into place. Early brushes, courtesy of the Addis website. Now I am sure that Addis did all this, but not so convinced that he did it while in prison. For a start, hand drills are hard to come by in a prison cell, as is glue or metal wire for fixing the afore-mentioned boar bristles. Much more likely: Addis had a eureka moment and as soon as he got out of jail he experimented with materials until he ended up with a serviceable brush, in all probability using horse hair. Later experiments involved badger hair, but the most efficacious was apparently hair from the Siberian boar or any other animal from the frozen North with a suitable strong stubble. Imbued with a zeal to spread the word about oral hygiene (and to make a buck) Addis then started making the brushes commercially from his premises in Whitechapel in East London. He formed a company in 1780 and the brushes were an immediate success. It is said that initially he supplied them through his trade contacts in the book industry (“Buy my book and get a free toothbrush”). Whatever, the sales pitch worked and word soon got around that here was something of a ‘must have’ product. Other manufacturers quickly joined the band-wagon, cashing in on the problems of dental decay caused by the huge increase in the consumption of sugar. This is borne out by my ancestor’s own records – I have some of his shopping lists in which he mentions buying “14 lbs of moist sugar” and blow me, only six weeks later he sent off for another 28 pounds! With a sweet tooth like that no wonder he needed to brush his teeth well ! In fairness, much of it went in making currant wine, but you get the picture…. In 1787 (William Addis would have been 53 by then) Mrs Addis presented him with a son, whom he called William. It was William Mk II who was later to succeed his father in the business, and expand it when it moved to larger premises at Radnor Street, Hoxton, where he employed sixty workers mo


In mythology, which winged horse did Bellerophon ride?

Famous Named Horses and Horse Types From Mythology By Katherine Blocksdorf Updated April 03, 2016. When I was much younger I used to love to spend hot summer days reading my book of Greek mythology. Horses belonging to heros, magical horses and part-horse, part other-creatures were favorite amongst the stories. Horses have always captivated our imaginations and have become woven into many legends and myths. Here are just seven of the many horses and horse-like creatures that can be found in the mythologies of almost every civilization. Image:eschu1952/www.freeimages.com 1.  Pegasus One of the most well known mythological horses is Pegasus . Winged horses have been used to symbolize freedom , power and victory in many different cultures. Pegasus is an immortal winged horse of Greek mythology. Pegasus is said to have sprung from the head or body, depending on what version of the myth you read, of Medusa , a mythical Gorgon sister with hair of snakes and a stare that could turn a man to stone. Medusa's head was lopped off by Perseus , a greek hero who was challenged by a rival suitor to bring back Medusa's head, a ploy intended to keep him out of the way while his rival won his lady. Thanks to some tools and trickery supplied by a sympathetic God and Goddess, Perseus was successful in his quest. Along with Pegasus was 'born' a warrior, Chrysaor who arrived riding Pegasus and carrying a golden sword and is regarded as his brother. We don't seem to know much abour Chrysoar, and the relationship between the brothers. Perseus himself was the first to ride Pegasus in a heroic quest. Bellerophon, a rather vain young man also desired to ride Pegasus but did not know how to capture him. He was told to sleep in a temple to gain guidance, and dreamed he was presented with a golden bridle. When he awoke the bridle was beside him. He used the bridle to capture Pegasus while the winged horse drank at a fountain. Then Bellerophon is said to have ridden Pegasus into a battle against a fire-breathing Chimera. Then, unwisely, Bellerophon tried to ride Pegasus to the top of Mount Olympus , the home of the gods. But this displeased Zeus with whom Bellerophon had fallen out of favor, and he sent an insect to to sting Pegasus and make him buck. Bellerphon fell to the earth. Pegasus continued his flight to the top of Mount Olympus where the gods welcomed him and gave him the job of carrying thunderbolts. Today, Pegasus can still be seen as a constellation in his place of honor in the spring sky. If you are lucky enough to find a Pegasus of your own, I would suggest paying close attention to saddle fit as the wings make if difficult to put a modern English or western style saddle on it. Riding bareback may be your best bet. Because your winged horse will carry you much higher in the sky than a regular horse be sure to wear both an ASTM approved helmet and a parachute . Unicorn on hilltop. Image Credit:Lucy von HeldééDe Agostini RM /Getty Images 2.  Unicorn Another well known mythical horse-like creature is the unicorn . The unicorn is most often described as a beautiful mythical horse with a single horn in its forehead. They are sometimes depicted as having cloven hooves like a goat or deer. The can come in almost every color, although are most often depicted as being white. The tail or mane hairs, blood, hooves or horns of unicorns are often used in magical or medicinal potions and Harry Potter's wand had a core made of a strand of unicorn tail hair. They are sometimes attributed with having healing or purifying powers. Unicorns are often seen on Medieval style tapestries and are often seen as a heraldic symbol on coats of arms. Unicorns are said to only appear to, or may be captured by women of pure virtue. Over the centuries, many ancient societies were convinced of the unicorn's existence. They are mentioned in many very ancient texts including the bible. Because of this, there is speculation that unicorns did exist. Some people think they were actually single-horned goats, as there are some skeletal remains that could support this. A cross b


Who was the last prisoner in Spandau Jail, Berlin?

Spandau Prison - Hess's Lonely Dungeon - NYTimes.com Spandau Prison: Hess's Lonely Dungeon By WOLFGANG SAXON Published: August 18, 1987 Spandau Prison, where Rudolf Hess spent the last four decades of his life, is a cheerless red-brick complex of four three-story buildings in West Berlin. Spandau became the International War Crimes Prison in July 1947 with the arrival of the seven surviving principal Nazi defendants from the Nuremberg trials. Ten others had been hanged, and Field Marshal Hermann Goring committed suicide two hours before he was to meet the same fate. The prison, built in 1871, has 134 cells with tiny, barred windows. Although the Spandau district, with its forests and parks, is a favored weekend resort for West Berliners, the jail squats in a corner of Spandau, just blocks from the tightly guarded East German border line. Albert Speer, the wartime production chief, and Baldur von Schirach, the Hitler Youth leader, were released in 1966 after serving their 20-year sentences. Thereafter, Spandau Prison served as the world's most expensive and best watched single-occupancy dungeon. Vestige of Allied Rule It also was the last vestige of postwar four-power rule in Germany. Guard details of 100 soldiers each from Britain, France, the Soviet Union and the United States continued in monthly rotation even after the sickly, aged Rudolf Hess become the only occupant. Guards manned the towers and cellblock monitoring stations even during Hess's periodic hospital stays. To make room for the original seven prisoners, some 600 common criminals were removed from the fortress-like structure in the British sector of Berlin. The only improvements since 1871 were then made to tighten security with an outside 15-foot, barbed-wire fence, guard towers and search-lights. The prison also received a fresh coat of paint. Inside the fence was a 28-yard ''dead space'' in which even guards were forbidden to walk at will. Access to the prison was through a guardhouse, which itself formed part of a 15-foot inner brick wall, and the Spartan cells for the seven inmates were on a single floor, in the building behind the wall. A Severe Regimen There also were two small yards that served as the prisoners' access to the light of day. Glaring lights and an eerie silence, broken occasionally by birdsong or a plane's drone overhead, prevailed. The rules, at first Draconian, were relaxed slightly over Soviet protests in the 1950's to maintain the prisoners' health and sanity. Even so, the regimen remained severe, with letters or visits few and far between, sparse and strictly limited reading matter, and no talk permitted among prisoners, or between them and the guards, except under special circumstances. The prison at times has been confused with one of Spandau's main attractions, the Italianate 16th-century citadel with its 12th-century Julius Tower. As a town, Spandau dates to 1232, when it was chartered at the site of an earlier Slavic fortification at the confluence of the Havel and Spree Rivers. It became part of Berlin in 1920. Photo of a guard on duty earlier this year outside Spandau Prison in West Berlin. (Agence France-Presse)


In children's literature, which car did Commander Caractacus Potts drive?

Caractacus Potts (Character) - Quotes Caractacus Potts (Character) Caracticus Potts :  Not only that, he isn't even nice. Caracticus Potts :  Do you think Coggins might do a deal, so much a week? Grandpa :  Coggins? What, him down the road? Sure. He's so mean he wouldn't light your pipe if his house was on fire. Caracticus Potts :  How was India? Grandpa :  India? I'll tell you something. I got up this morning and I shot an elephant in my pajamas. Caracticus Potts , Grandpa , Jemima , Jeremy :  How he ever got in my pajamas, I shall never know. Grandpa :  You've heard it before. [they all laugh] Caracticus Potts :  Well, maybe my children like running wild in the street. Did that ever occur to you? Truly Scrumptious :  Well! I've never been... Caracticus Potts :  Spoken to that way before? Well, maybe it's about time! Caracticus Potts :  Confounded woman! Who does she think she is? Coming in here and telling me how to raise my children! Do I need somebody to tell me how to raise my children? Do I? Hm? No, of course not. Of course not! Hm-hm. Where's my, uh, cardigan? Jemima :  Under your jacket. Caracticus Potts :  Under... Yes. Self-righteous busy body. Well, she won't be bothering us again. Jemima :  But I liked her. Jeremy :  So did I. She was very pretty. Caracticus Potts :  She certainly was. Do you think... Do you think your, uh, father's a... crackpot? Jeremy :  Your cardigan's inside out. Caracticus Potts :  Mm? Oh. Do you think I'm a lunatic, wasting my time on a lot of silly inventions? Jemima :  But they aren't silly! They're wonderful! Jeremy :  Nobody else can think of them. Caracticus Potts :  That's right! That is right! Nobody else can think of them. Truly Scrumptious : [after Potts kisses her] Well, Mr. Potts! Caracticus Potts :  What's the matter? Truly Scrumptious :  Now you'll HAVE to marry me! [they laugh as they head for the car] Truly Scrumptious :  Wh-what are you going to do? Caracticus Potts :  I'm going to carry you. Truly Scrumptious :  Oh... oh, dear. Must you? Caracticus Potts :  Well, unless you'd rather ride piggyback. Caracticus Potts :  And so, after that, Vulgaria became a free country, and all the children laughed and played in the sunshine, and they were very, very happy. And Chitty flew high over the mountains back to England, everybody safe and sound, and... Jemima :  And Daddy and Truly were married. Jeremy :  And lived happily ever after. Truly Scrumptious :  Is that how this story ends? Caracticus Potts : [pauses] It's getting late. We better get back. [Caractacus gets out to restart the car] Caracticus Potts :  Truly! Heh, I'm sorry about the children. I hope they didn't embarrass you. Truly Scrumptious :  In what way? Caracticus Potts :  Why, that silly joke about us getting married. Well, you know what kids are like. Truly Scrumptious :  Oh, yes. I understand. Caracticus Potts :  I mean, I don't think they realize how ridiculous that would be. Caracticus Potts :  Well, yes. I mean, you live in that big house and... your father and the factory and all. It's... it's a different world, Truly. Truly Scrumptious :  You know, if I said something like that, you'd... you'd call me a snob. Caracticus Potts :  Well, look, I-I didn't mean... Peter :  Sir, have you come to help us? [Catactacus walks over to him] Peter :  Are you going to take us out of here? [Catactacus kneels in front of him] Caracticus Potts : [kindly] Well, Peter, you shouldn't be afraid. [Truly, the Toymaker and the children listen with interest] Caracticus Potts : [kindly] Even in a terrible place like this, because there's always hope. That's what I always tell my children when they're... afraid. Truly Scrumptious : [referring to helping the children] It's a beautiful dream Caractacus, but... I don't see how it's gonna help them. [Truly looks at the children around them and Caractacus stands up] Caracticus Potts : [confident] Do you know what we're gonna do? We're gonna get up into that castle! Toymaker : [incredulous] It is impossible! Caracticus Potts : [confident]


"What was the first name of the character ""Rigsby"" in the TV comedy ""Rising Damp""?"

LeonardRossiter.com: Rigsby Online - Story of Rising Damp - The TV Series See Main Biographies page for appearances and biographies.  Rupert Rigsby played by Leonard Rossiter Landlord of the boarding house. Extremely prejudiced, especially toward students and blacks (examples of both of which reside in his home). Married (Veronica, during wartime, and on pain of death by her father's shotgun), but now separated. Has a shoplifting brother, Ron, in Accrington. Wears one set of clothes: holey green cardigan, minus most buttons, shiny grey trousers, worn red slippers (but still has his demob suit, minus its pockets' linings). Participation in World War II sketchy at best. Has tendency to embellish war stories. Dislikes children (after receiving a singed beard while playing Santa one Christmas). Has barred any romance in the house (probably based on jealousy). Lusts after Ruth Jones, a tenant and spinster. Only companion is Vienna, his flea-bitten cat.  Ruth Jones played by Frances de la Tour Tenant of the boarding house. University administrator, responsible for the accommodation of students.Thirty-something spinster with few previous beaus (one being a policeman who always wore his uniform, hence the need to keep swinging their arms to show they weren't handcuffed together). Has brought a womanly touch to the dingy lodgings (eg. blue water in the toilet) and never complains about her room (unlike the other tenants).  Continually rebuffs Rigsby's advances. Lusts after black student tenant Philip Smith, but eventually falls in love with and moves out to live with librarian Desmond, but returns after it doesn't work out. Eventually accepts Rigsby's hand in marriage but gets cold feet before the service.  Alan Moore played by Richard Beckinsale Tenant of the boarding house. Medical student at the local university. A kind, gentle sort of chap, with boyish good looks, which have, nevertheless, resulted in a noticeable absence of girlfriends, despite his boasting to the contrary. Still very much under his parents' wings (he goes home at the weekends), he is rather cowardly and gullible, but enjoys playing tricks on Rigsby with his room-mate Philip Smith. Graduates as a doctor and leaves the house.  Philip Smith played by Don Warrington Tenant of the boarding house. Town and country planning student at the local university. Alleges he is from Africa and has ten wives. A black, well-spoken, well-dressed gentleman, with tribal makrs and a long history of girlfriends, much to the annoyance of room-mate Alan. Is lusted after by Miss Jones, much to the annoyance of Rigsby. Has no interest in Miss Jones, much to the annoyance of Miss Jones. Is often the butt of Rigsby's racist, bigoted comments.  The Series     Series One was broadcast from December 13th 1974 to January 17th 1975, and was an immediate success. It was a personal triumph for Leonard Rossiter, his first sitcom role. Each week, viewers learned more and more about each of the characters. Rigsby would go to even greater lengths to win affection from Miss Jones, while being victim to Alan and Philip's pranks. Rigsby would carry around his overweight, slothful cat Vienna (which Leonard hated off-set. Although a cat-lover, he used to complain that Vienna smelled awful), barging into the boys' room without knocking, trying to catch them 'up to something', which they never were. Mocking Philip, his race and his culture, while trying to be a father-figure to Alan, Rigsby came over as cold, pretentious and chauvinistic, but at the same time vulnerable, a sad, lonely figure of a man who longed for love and happiness in his twilight years. As Eric Chappell says: "Rigsby wanted to be part of their lives, which became irritating for them... and he was always coming through doors without knocking, saying he had right of access - which really meant access to their lives, not just their rooms." The first series of any sitcom is much concerned with establishing the characters and their lives, and Eric displayed this very well in the scripts, which often drew on the script from The Banana Box


What was the first name of the boxer Sonny Liston?

Sonny Liston - Biography - IMDb Sonny Liston Biography Showing all 49 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (1) | Trivia  (40) | Personal Quotes  (2) Overview (4) 6' 1" (1.85 m) Mini Bio (1) Charles "Sonny" Liston's life and death began and ended in the same manner: as a mystery. Liston, one of 25 children by his father, is reputed to have been born in May 1932, yet prison records show various birthdates, among them 1928. After a rough upbringing, with little formal education, Liston found himself in trouble with the law. He served brief prison terms and on one occasion was introduced to boxing by a prison chaplain. Liston excelled in his newfound love, boxing, and, after a short amateur career, turned professional. At 6 feet 1 inch and 217 pounds, Liston had devastating punching power, an iron chin, and lightning reflexes, along with a powerful jab. He quickly destroyed all the leading heavyweight contenders--Roy Harris, Zora Folley, Cleveland Williams--to earn a title shot against Floyd Patterson. Liston destroyed the champion in one round and destroyed him again in the rematch. Liston was the most feared man in the world, until Muhammad Ali arrived on the scene and knocked him out twice, ending his championship days and his reputation as the "World's Baddest Man." Liston continued to box until the time of his death. His 17-year ring log was an impressive 50-4 with 39 knockouts. Outside of the ring, Liston had a charming personality. He was friendly with his fans and had a soft spot for children. He acted in a number of films, the most famous being Harlow with Carroll Baker. He died under mysterious conditions on December 30, 1970. - IMDb Mini Biography By: angelsunchained Spouse (1) His glaring stare Trivia (40) Was the favorite fighter of the famous Fab Four, the Beatles, and he appears on their "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" album cover. World heavyweight boxing champion, 1962-1964. Inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame, 1991. Inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame, 1990. "Night Train" was his favorite song. In Michael Mann's Ali, Liston was portrayed by famous boxer Michael Bentt, with whom he shares a strong resemblance. James Ellroy portrayed Sonny Liston as a fight loser, a heroin addict, a black racist, and a Mafia jawbreaker in his novel "The Cold Six Thousand.". William Friedkin was intended to direct his biopic "Night Train" with Ving Rhames as Sonny Liston. He had the biggest fist of any heavyweight champion: 15 inches. He was officially knocked out by Muhammad Ali in one minute for the fastest KO in heavyweight history up to that time. Later, films of the fight showed the bout ended at the 1:25 mark. Fought in three decades. Was 35-1 going into the first Ali fight. Made a comeback in 1968-1969 and won 14 straight before losing to Leotis Martin. In his next fight he bounced back to TKO Chuck Wepner shortly before his mysterious death in 1970. Birth and death both remain mysteries. When he won the heavyweight title in 1962 at age 30, he had a daughter age 25. However, it turned out to be his stepdaughter, the daughter of his wife. He had no children of his own. Served time in prison for robbery and later for assaulting a police officer. Joe Louis rated Liston's jab one of the best in boxing history. He was trained by Willie Redish and later by Dick Sadler. George Foreman was his sparring partner from 1969 to 1970. Knocked out #2-rated heavyweight contender Roy Harris (27-1) in one round. He defeated heavyweight contenders Roy Harris, Zora Folley, Eddie Machen, Cleveland Williams, Mike DeJohn, Henry Clark, and Chuck Wepner. Made over $4,000,000 in his career. First heavyweight title challenger to earn a purse of $1,000,000. First World Heavyweight Boxing Champion banned from fighting in New York State by the New York Boxing Commission. Lived in a $50,000 Las Vegas home. Liston was the youngest heavyweight boxing champion to die (age 38). Before he was 18, Liston was convicted of six muggings. Served a prison sentence at Missouri State Penitentiary


"Who wrote the 1930's books ""Tropic of Cancer"" and ""Tropic of Capricorn""?"

Tropic of Capricorn : Henry Miller : 9780007204458 Tropic of Capricorn Try AbeBooks Description The controversial, erotic and hilarious companion to the legendary Tropic of Cancer, in a smart new Harper Perennial Modern Classics edition. A riotous and explosive mixture of joys and frustrations, Tropic of Capricorn chronicles Miller's early life in New York, from his repressive Brooklyn childhood spent amongst 'a galaxy of screwballs' to frantic, hilarious years of dead-end jobs and innumerable erotic adventures. Irreverent and ironic, Tropic of Capricorn is both a comic portrait of the irrepressible Miller himself and a scathing attack on respectable America, the very foundations of which he hoped to shatter. The publication of Tropic of Capricorn and its sister-volume Tropic of Cancer in Paris in the 1930s was hailed by Samuel Beckett as 'a momentous event in the history of modern writing'. The books were subsequently banned in the UK and the USA for nearly thirty years. show more Product details 128                   x 196                   x 24mm                                   | 200g Publication date Contemporary Fiction Review quote 'The world of Capricorn is peopled by eccentrics and nymphomaniacs, to say nothing of the incorrigibly eccentric Miller himself. There is also a memorable portrait of his father, a delicate account of childhood, and savage, humane comedy in the bedlam of an employment office. The rest: fornication and anarchism, sometimes very funny, always rich, exultant and honest.' Sunday Times 'In the course of Tropic of Capricorn, Miller as a Miss Lonelyhearts of the Cosmodemonic Telegraph Company, hires and fires an inexhaustible queue of ex-convicts and whores who turn the office into a hive of degradation. Miller lives constantly at the flashpoint of violence, which he manages to convert to comedy without undermining the anger' Observer 'Tropic of Capricorn is a teeming frieze of fights, copulations and epiphanies. The emphasis is on the mysterious value of ordinary life, not its futility' New Statesman 'A superb entertainment' New York Times show more About Henry Miller Henry Miller was born in Brooklyn, New York. In 1930, Miller went to live in Paris. For the next ten years he mingled with impoverished expatriates and bohemian Parisians; his first published book, Tropic of Cancer appeared in 1934 from the Obelisk Press in Paris. It was followed five years later by its sister volume Tropic of Capricorn. Sexually explicit, these books electrified the European literary avant-garde and were almost universally banned outside France. In 1961, after an epic legal battle, Tropic of Cancer was finally published in the States (and then in England in 1963). Miller became a household name, hailed by the Sixties counter-culture as a prophet of freedom and sexual revolution. He died on June 7 1980. show more Follow us


"In which European city is the criminal society called the ""Camorra"" based?"

Italian mafia: Who are Cosa Nostra, Camorra, 'Ndrangheta and Sacra Corona Unita? Italian mafia: Who are Cosa Nostra, Camorra, 'Ndrangheta and Sacra Corona Unita? May 7, 2015 19:40 BST Mafia boss, Toto Riina was arrested in 1993 (Reuters) The Italian organised crime scene has long been dominated by a multitude of clans and mob families, all generally referred to as "mafia". The term broadly implies these gangs, besides running a series of illicit businesses, also pervade the social environment in which they operate, influencing aspects of public and private life to cement their power. Based on the location of their heartlands, the various clans are traditionally divided in four umbrella groups: Cosa Nostra in Sicily, Camorra in Campania, 'Ndrangheta in Calabria and the Sacra Corona Unita in Apulia. Belonging to one group does not translate into an automatic alliance to other gangs populating them, as families are actually often at war with each other. Nevertheless, geographical contiguity does come with some shared distinctive traits. IBTimes UK takes a look at them. A map of Italy's four mafia groups and their regions of originIBTimes UK Sicilian mafia - Cosa Nostra Sicilian mafia is the oldest of the four Italian crime syndicates and, in fact, the term "mafia" was initially exclusively used to indicate what would have later become known as Cosa Nostra. "The issue of Cosa Nostra has been under the spotlight of public debate basically since the Italian unification (1861)," said mafia expert Salvatore Lupo, a professor of contemporary history at the University of Palermo. "Particularly in the city of Palermo and the surrounding province, we can trace some clans way back into the past, with a certain degree of continuity in their main family, stronghold and characteristic crimes." Illicit businesses Cosa Nostra reached its power peak in the 1980s and up to the early 1990s under the rule of Salvatore Riina, infamously known as the boss of bosses. Before his arrest in 1993, Riina waged an all-out war against the state with a series of high-profile assassinations, including those of carabinieri police general Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa and anti-mafia prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino . The confrontation resulted in a heavy crackdown by authorities that, in the span of two decades eventually succeeded in significantly curbing Cosa Nostra's power. Once one of the main global drug-smuggling players, today the Sicilian mafia is mainly involved in local criminal activities, such as infiltrating public construction works and running extortion rackets. Curiosity According to Lupo, Cosa Nostra is the most bourgeoisies of mafias, as it has historically penetrated all levels of society, with associates holding medium and high political and business roles. "More than other crime syndicates Cosa Nostra has expanded from the criminal world to that of the so called respectable people," he said. Most wanted men Matteo Messina Denaro Born on 26 April 1962 in Castelvetrano, Trapani he is sought after since 1993 on a series of charges including mafia association, murder, mass killing and theft. Giovanni Motisi Born on 1 January 1959 in Palermo, he is sought after since 1998 on a series of charges including mafia association and mass killing. He has also to serve a life term. 1 of 2 Cosa Nostra fugitive Matteo Messina DenaroItaly's interior ministry Cosa Nostra fugitive Matteo Messina DenaroItaly's interior ministry Mafia fugitive Giovanni MotisiItaly's interior ministry Calabrian mafia - 'Ndrangheta In recent years, ' Ndrangheta has become Italy's most powerful and feared mafia group. Part of its criminal success is owed to its secretive nature. As clans are founded on strict blood ties, members rarely turn informers, making detectives' work harder. "They do not cooperate with authorities because to them it means turning in a relative, a son, a cousin or a nephew," explained Enzo Ciconte, a professor of organised crime history at Rome's University. "Such structure also allows clans to create a stable presence abroad. Families of


"Who wrote the poems ""The Soldier"" and ""The Old Vicarage""?"

Old Vicarage, The - Grantchester Poem by Rupert Brooke - Poem Hunter Old Vicarage, The - Grantchester Poem by Rupert Brooke - Poem Hunter Old Vicarage, The - Grantchester - Poem by Rupert Brooke Autoplay next video (Cafe des Westens, Berlin, May 1912) Just now the lilac is in bloom, All before my little room; And in my flower-beds, I think, Smile the carnation and the pink; And down the borders, well I know, The poppy and the pansy blow . . . Oh! there the chestnuts, summer through, Beside the river make for you A tunnel of green gloom, and sleep Deeply above; and green and deep The stream mysterious glides beneath, Green as a dream and deep as death. -- Oh, damn! I know it! and I know How the May fields all golden show, And when the day is young and sweet, Gild gloriously the bare feet That run to bathe . . . Here am I, sweating, sick, and hot, And there the shadowed waters fresh Lean up to embrace the naked flesh. Temperamentvoll German Jews Drink beer around; -- and THERE the dews Are soft beneath a morn of gold. Here tulips bloom as they are told; Unkempt about those hedges blows An English unofficial rose; And there the unregulated sun Slopes down to rest when day is done, And wakes a vague unpunctual star, A slippered Hesper; and there are Meads towards Haslingfield and Coton Where das Betreten's not verboten. ei'/qe genoi/mhn . . . would I were * In Grantchester, in Grantchester! -- Some, it may be, can get in touch With Nature there, or Earth, or such. And clever modern men have seen A Faun a-peeping through the green, And felt the Classics were not dead, To glimpse a Naiad's reedy head, Or hear the Goat-foot piping low: . . . But these are things I do not know. I only know that you may lie Day long and watch the Cambridge sky, And, flower-lulled in sleepy grass, Hear the cool lapse of hours pass, Until the centuries blend and blur In Grantchester, in Grantchester. . . . Still in the dawnlit waters cool His ghostly Lordship swims his pool, And tries the strokes, essays the tricks, Long learnt on Hellespont, or Styx. Dan Chaucer hears his river still Chatter beneath a phantom mill. Tennyson notes, with studious eye, How Cambridge waters hurry by . . . And in that garden, black and white, Creep whispers through the grass all night; And spectral dance, before the dawn, A hundred Vicars down the lawn; Curates, long dust, will come and go On lissom, clerical, printless toe; And oft between the boughs is seen The sly shade of a Rural Dean . . . Till, at a shiver in the skies, Vanishing with Satanic cries, Leaves but a startled sleeper-out, Grey heavens, the first bird's drowsy calls, The falling house that never falls. * epsilon-iota'/-theta-epsilon gamma-epsilon-nu-omicron-iota/-mu-eta-nu G od! I will pack, and take a train, And get me to England once again! For England's the one land, I know, Where men with Splendid Hearts may go; And Cambridgeshire, of all England, The shire for Men who Understand; And of THAT district I prefer The lovely hamlet Grantchester. For Cambridge people rarely smile, Being urban, squat, and packed with guile; And Royston men in the far South Are black and fierce and strange of mouth; At Over they fling oaths at one, And worse than oaths at Trumpington, And Ditton girls are mean and dirty, And there's none in Harston under thirty, And folks in Shelford and those parts Have twisted lips and twisted hearts, And Barton men make Cockney rhymes, And Coton's full of nameless crimes, And things are done you'd not believe At Madingley on Christmas Eve. Strong men have run for miles and miles, When one from Cherry Hinton smiles; Strong men have blanched, and shot their wives, Rather than send them to St. Ives; Strong men have cried like babes, bydam, To hear what happened at Babraham. But Grantchester! ah, Grantchester! There's peace and holy quiet there, Great clouds along pacific skies, And men and women with straight eyes, Lithe children lovelier than a dream, A bosky wood, a slumbrous stream, And little kindly winds that creep Round twilight corners, half asleep. In Grantchester their skins ar


"Who said ""In the Country of the Blind The One-eyed Man is King?"

Overcoming Bias : Do One-Eyed Rule Blind? Do One-Eyed Rule Blind? By Robin Hanson · July 24, 2010 10:00 am · Comments (7) · « Prev · Next » A 1904 H.G. Wells short story, “ Country of the Blind “, questioned the old proverb “In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.” In the story, a sighted man stumbles into a long isolated mountain valley where where everyone has been blind for generations, and have adapted their social customs and other senses to being blind.  This new man assumes he will soon be king, but to the locals he seems incompetent : They thrust him suddenly through a doorway into a room as black as pitch, save at the end there faintly glowed a fire. The crowd closed in behind him and shut out all but the faintest glimmer of day, and before he could arrest himself he had fallen headlong over the feet of a seated man. His arm, outflung, struck the face of someone else as he went down. His attempts to prove he can see things they cannot go badly.  He underestimates what they can sense via sound: He would show these people once and for all what sight would do for a man. They would seek him, but not find him. “You move not, Bogota,” said the voice. He laughed noiselessly and made two stealthy steps aside from the path. “Trample not on the grass, Bogota; that is not allowed.” Nunez had scarcely heard the sound he made himself. He stopped, amazed. He also miss-specifies a test he offers to pass: He induced them to let him go a long way up the sloping meadows towards the wall with one complaisant individual, and to him he promised to describe all that happened among the houses. He noted certain goings and comings, but the things that really seemed to signify to these people happened inside of or behind the windowless houses–the only things they took note of to test him by–and of those he could see or tell nothing. The claim isn’t that a person with a powerful new insight could never prove it to others. Rather, the point is that someone with a new insight could easily fail by arrogance, assuming his insight offers more than it does, and underestimating what can be done, and how things look, without it. The sighted person in this story could have succeeded by carefully mastering the usual skills and practices of the blind, and then carefully seeking simple clear ways to show how his new ability could give advantage, in the context of their usual practices.  Assuming instead that your new insight excuses you from the need to follow the usual social paths, or to learn the usual insights and skills of your chosen area, is a recipe for failure. GD Star Rating Trackback URL: Luke G. Ah! I read this story years ago and it stuck with me. I didn’t remember the title, the author, or the year but I’ve always thought of it whenever someone brought up the “one-eyed man” proverb. Pingback: Tweets that mention Overcoming Bias : Do One-Eyed Rule Blind? -- Topsy.com Indy … and then there came a great tempest with fierce, freezing, turning winds which scattered the contents of their storehouses, along with torrents of sleeting rains, which covered the land, and much of these items with layers of smooth ice. … and all of sudden the sighted man’s vision became *impossibly valuable*. The citizens of the blind mountain had no choice but to crawl on their hands and knees in spirals (the quickest searching method) and spread their hands frantically searching for enough morsels of food to prevent outright starvation. The way was perilous and slippery and one had little to no warning of where a false step could lead to a crash on rocks and death, or perhaps to step or grab upon the millions of new sharp and splitter obstacles all around.” … but the visitor, without crouching an inch, and without walking a foot, could tell them everything. Not only did he know – and almost instantly, at one of his mere “glances” from high ground (an almost meaningless bit of terrain for the enhanced senses of the blind) – where everything could be found, but he could almost run to each item, so keenly was he aware of the safest pathway. … and if


On a dartboard which number is between 18 and 13?

The Dartboard Sequence The Dartboard Sequence The arrangement of the numbers around the circumference of a standard dart board is as shown below     20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 19 7 16 8 11 14 9 12 5  Oddly enough, no one seems to know for sure how this particular arrangement was selected. It evidently dates back at least 100 years. Some say the pattern was devised by a carpenter named Brian Gamlin in 1896, while others attribute it to someone named Thomas William Buckle in 1913, but both of these attributions are relatively recent, and neither can be traced back to a contemporary source. Also, although it's clear that the numbers are ordered to mix the large and small together, and possibly to separate numerically close values as far as possible (e.g., 20 is far from 19), no one seems to know of any simple criterion that uniquely singles out this particular arrangement as the best possible in any quantitative sense.  It may be just an accident of history that this particular arrangement has been adopted as the standard dart board format.  It's interesting to consider various possible criteria for choosing a circular arrangement of the first n positive integers. In order to get as "flat" a distribution as possible, we might try to minimize the sum of the squares of each k consecutive terms. For example, setting k = 3, the standard dard board sequence gives  (20+1+18)^2 + (1+18+4)^2 + (18+4+13)^2 + ... + (5+20+1)^2 = 20478  Apparently the standard board layout described above is called the "London" dart board, and there is another, less common, version called the "Manchester" dart board, which has the sequence    20 1 16 6 17 8 12 9 14 5 19 2 15 3 18 7 11 10 13 4 for which the sum of squares of each set of three consecutive numbers is 20454, just slightly less than the London arrangement. In contrast, if we were to arrange the numbers by just inter-weaving the largest and smallest numbers like this     20 1 19 2 18 3 17 4 16 5 15 6 14 7 13 8 12 9 11 10   the resulting sum of squares of each 3 consecutive elements is 20510, so the standard dart boards are, in this sense, more flat distributions.  Needless to say, all of these arrangements are much more flat than the natural monotonic sequence     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20  which has a sum of 24350.  By the way, note that if the sum of the squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers for a given arrangement is S, then we can form another arrangement with the same sum simply by taking the "21-complement", i.e., subtracting each number from 21. For example, the complement of the standard London arrangement is    1 20 3 17 8 15 11 6 19 4 18 2 14 5 13 10 7 12 9 16 which has the same sum (20478) as the London arrangement. This works because if we begin with an arrangement a,b,c,d,... having the sum   S = (a+b+c)^2 + (b+c+d)^2 + (c+d+e)^2 + ... and replace each of the numbers a,b,c,... with 21-a, 21-b, 21-c,... respectively, the sum S' of this complementary arrangement is   S' = [(21-a)+(21-b)+(21-c)]^2 + [(21-b)+(21-c)+(21-d)]^2 + ...    = [63-(a+b+c)]^2 + [63-(b+c+d)]^2 + ...    = S + 20(63)^2 - 2(63)[(a+b+c)+(b+c+d)+...] Each of the numbers from 1 to 20 appears three times in the summation inside the square brackets in the last term, so that summation equals 630, and hence S' = S. (The same identity applies to the N+1 complement for sums of squares of every sum of k consecutive terms of a circular arrangement of the first N integers.) How would we go about finding the circular arrangement of the integers 1 to 20 that gives the smallest sum of squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers? One possible approach would be to begin with the monotonic arrangement and then check each possible transposition of two numbers to see which one gives the lowest result. Then make that change and repeat the process, at each stage always choosing the transposition that gives the steepest reduction in the sum. This "greedy algorithm" produces arrangements with the following sum


Paul Tortlellier and Mistislav Rostropovich are associated with which musical instrument?

Mstislav Rostropovich Obituary | Mstislav Rostropovich Funeral | Legacy.com Mstislav Rostropovich Obituary Visit Guest Book MOSCOW (AP) - Mstislav Rostropovich played the cello with grace and verve - and lived his life offstage the same way. His death at age 80 takes away one of modern Russia's most compelling figures, admired both for his musical mastery and his defiance of Soviet repression. Rostropovich stirred souls with playing that was both intense and seemingly effortless. He fought for the rights of Soviet-era dissidents and later triumphantly played Bach suites below the crumbling Berlin Wall. In his last public appearance, at his birthday celebration in the Kremlin on March 27, Rostropovich was frail but still able to show his capacity for joy and generosity. "I feel myself the happiest man in the world," he said. "I will be even more happy if this evening will be pleasant for you." Spokeswoman Natalia Dollezhal confirmed Rostropovich's death, but would not immediately give details. The composer, who returned to Russia last month after years of living in Paris, had suffered from intestinal cancer. After a funeral in Christ the Savior Cathedral on Sunday, he is to be buried in Novodevichy Cemetery, where the graves of his teachers Dmitry Shostakovich and Sergei Prokofiev also lie. The arrangements echo the prestigious farewell this week that Russia accorded Boris Yeltsin, the first leader of post-Soviet Russia. President Vladimir Putin called Rostropovich's death "a huge loss for Russian culture" and expressed condolences to his loved ones. Rostropovich, who was known by his friends as "Slava," was considered by many to be the successor to Pablo Casals as the world's greatest cellist. A bear of a man who hugged practically anyone in sight, he was an effusive rather than an intimidating maestro, a teacher who nurtured Jacqueline du Pre among many other great cellists. "He was the most inspiring musician that I have ever known," said David Finckel, the Emerson String Quartet's cellist who studied with Rostropovich for nine years. "He had a way to channel his energy through other people, and it was magical." Rostropovich's sympathies against the Communist Party leaders of his homeland started with the Stalin-era denunciations of Shostakovich and Prokofiev. Under Leonid Brezhnev's regime, Rostropovich and his wife, the Bolshoi Opera soprano Galina Vishnevskaya, sheltered the dissident writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn in their country house in the early 1970s. "The passing of Mstislav Rostropovich is a bitter blow to our culture," Solzhenitsyn said Friday, according to his wife, Natalya. "He gave Russian culture worldwide fame. Farewell, beloved friend," Solzhenitsyn said. After Solzhenitsyn won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1970, Rostropovich wrote an open letter protesting the official Soviet vilification of the author. "Explain to me please, why in our literature and art (that) so often, people absolutely incompetent in this field have the final word?" Rostropovich asserted in the letter that went unpublished. The by the cellist and his wife for cultural freedom resulted in the cancellation of concerts, foreign tours and recording projects. Finally, in 1974, they fled to Paris with their two daughters. Four years later, their Soviet citizenship was revoked. After arriving in the West, "he was like a little boy, laughing, shouting, pinching himself to make sure these really were the streets in Paris," the late violinist Yehudi Menuhin recalled in the 1996 book "Unfinished Journey: Twenty Years Later." Still, exile took its toll on Rostropovich. "When Leonid Brezhnev stripped us of our citizenship in 1978, we were obliterated," Rostropovich recalled in a 1997 interview in Strad magazine. "Russia was in my heart - in my mind. I suffered because I knew that until the day I died, I would never see Russia or my friends again." Indeed, he was unable to attend Shostakovich's funeral in 1975. But in 1989, as the Berlin Wall was being torn down, Rostropovich showed up with his cello and played Bach cello suites amid the ru