Which disks replaced cassettes and ordinary records?

History of the Recording Industry LIBRARY The Digital Era The LP lives on, sort of, as the medium for disc jockeys, and a few rock groups   insisted on releasing their music on LP records well into the 1990s. But both   the LP and the cassette were pushed aside by the Compact Disc. The Phillips   company, which had earlier introduced the cassette, had developed a laser disc   for video recording in the late 1970s. Phillips teamed up with Sony, which had   developed a digital tape recorder for making "master" recordings at   about the same time. The new discs were created by re-recording ordinary studio   tapes onto the digital tape, then using the digital tape to burn laser discs.   A copy of the master laser disc was then used to press plastic duplicates, which   were coated with shiny aluminum, encased in protective layers, and packaged   for sale. Unlike the LP or the original Phillips video laser discs, which were   quite large, the audio-only laser discs were "compact," and hence   the name Compact Disc. The CD was introduced to the public in 1982. Partly because of the high initial   cost (a player cost over $2000, and the discs themselves cost $12-16), sales   were limited. By about 1985, however, it was possible to buy a player for $350   or less, and prices were around $150 a few years later. Many consumers resented   being pressured to abandon the collections of LP records they had accumulated   over the years. However, the CD eventually won over the hearts of most consumers. Sony also became a record company in the 1980s through the purchase of CBS Records   (formerly Columbia). Sony followed this up in 1989 with the purchase of Columbia   Pictures Entertainment. In the studio, digital technology was making an important impact. Where the   role of digital recorders was initially quite limited, soon it became easy and   relatively inexpensive to use digital devices to compose, perform, record, edit,   and mix songs. Previously, musical instruments had been separate from recording   machines, and both had been separate from computers, but new technologies combined   all three. Where tape recorders had made it possible for individual musicians   to play multiple instruments or record multiple vocal parts, or even become "one man bands," digital technology accelerated the tendency to do   so. Many "bands" were really just one or two people manipulating drum   machines and synthesizers, or re-recording bits and pieces of existing music. If digital recording was a success in the studio, it was initially a failure   as a consumer technology. The first consumer digital recorders were introduced   in the late 1970s. They were essentially modified Betamax VCRs, and the cost   was quite high. Digital recording re-appeared in 1990 with the introduction   of Digital Audio Tape, and later with the Digital Compact Cassette, and again   with the Sony Minidisc. Opposed by a recording industry fearful of music piracy,   these formats failed to appeal to consumers. Through the end of the 1990s, it appeared that the next home recording medium   would undoubtedly be a recordable form of CD. It took many years for these to   be introduced, and many more years for them to come down in price. Only in the   early years of the 21st century did the price of a CD burner and the blank discs   compete with a cassette deck. By that time, however, the whole idea of storing sound on physical "records" was being called into question. Home computer users began sharing digitized   music in a number of different formats in the late 1990s. The MP3 standard began   to catch on, and Napster software appeared to make it possible for users to   access each other's songs via the World Wide Web. The recording industry freaked   and shut down Napster, but the appeal of Internet-distributed music remained.   It is not clear at this time whether the physical record--tape, disc, or what   have you--will survive at all.


Groucho Marx resigned from where as he didn't care to belong to any club that would have him as a member?

Groucho Marx - Wikiquote Groucho Marx Jump to: navigation , search I think it's about time to announce that I was born at a very early age. Julius Henry Marx ( 2 October 1890 – 19 August 1977 ), primarily known as Groucho Marx, was an American comedian and actor , famous for his work in the Marx Brothers comedy team, and his solo film and television career. Contents Quotes[ edit ] I DON'T WANT TO BELONG TO ANY CLUB THAT WILL ACCEPT PEOPLE LIKE ME AS A MEMBER I get credit all the time for things I never said. A likely story — and probably true. The Al Jolson Show repartee following a trite, scripted Al Jolson joke. (1949)[ specific citation needed ] Although it is generally known, I think it's about time to announce that I was born at a very early age. From his autobiography Groucho and Me (1959) I sent the club a wire stating, "PLEASE ACCEPT MY RESIGNATION. I DON'T WANT TO BELONG TO ANY CLUB THAT WILL ACCEPT PEOPLE LIKE ME AS A MEMBER". Telegram to the Friar's Club of Beverly Hills to which he belonged, as recounted in Groucho and Me (1959), p. 321 [Variant:] "Please accept my resignation. I don’t care to belong to any club that will have me as a member". As quoted in The Groucho Letters (1967) by Arthur Sheekman. The sentiment predates Marx by 61 years, however; it likely originated with John Galsworthy in The Forsyte Saga. In Part I, Chapter II, "Old Jolyon Goes to the Opera" , it's said of Old Jolyon that, "He naturally despised the Club that did take him." after another refused him because he was in a trade. No one is completely unhappy at the failure of his best friend. From his book Groucho and Me. It is a variation of a maxim by 17th-century French nobleman François de La Rochefoucauld : "In the adversity of our best friends, we often find something that is not displeasing." (Maxim 99 from Reflections; or Sentences and Moral Maxims, 1665 edition.) Here's to our wives and girlfriends... may they never meet![ citation needed ] (Variation on an old Royal Navy wardroom toast: "Wives and Sweethearts! May they never meet!"[ citation needed ]) From the moment I picked your book up until I laid it down I was convulsed with laughter. Someday I intend on reading it. To S J Perelman about his book Dawn Ginsbergh’s Revenge (1929), as quoted in LIFE (9 February 1962) I never forget a face, but in your case I'll be glad to make an exception. Misattributed[ edit ] I've been around so long, I knew Doris Day before she was a virgin. Apparently said by Oscar Levant : "I knew Doris Day before she was a virgin" (as quoted in The Wit and Wisdom of Hollywood (1972) by Max Wilk). Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana. No known citation to Marx. First appears unattributed in mid-1960s logic/computing texts as an example of the difficulty of machine parsing of ambiguous statements.  Google Books .  The Yale Book of Quotations dates the attribution to Marx to a 9 July 1982 net.jokes post on Usenet . Outside of a dog, a book is man's best friend. Inside of a dog, it's too dark to read. This may be original with Groucho, but the Quote Investigator mentions the earliest report found in a 1958 issue of Boy's Life magazine where it is attributed to Jim Brewer. Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it everywhere, diagnosing it incorrectly, and applying the wrong remedies. Variant: Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it whether it exists or not, diagnosing it incorrectly and applying the wrong remedies. [1] Apparently attributed to Marx in Bennett Cerf 's Try and Stop Me , first published in 1944.  A citation of this can been seen in the Kentucky New Era on November 9, 1964 .  Also attributed to Marx by Rand Paul in "The Long Stand," ch. 1 of Taking a Stand: Moving Beyond Partisan Politics to Unite America (New York, N. Y.: Center Street, 26 May 2015), p. 5. The original quotation belongs to Sir Ernest Benn (Henry Powell Spring, What is Truth?, Orange Press, 1944, p. 31 ); a first known citation reportedly appears in the Springfield (MA) Republican on July 27, 1930. Quotes about Marx[ edit ] Some years


Nature | Discover Coyote Valley Nature Coyote Creek Parkway Trail Santa Clara County Parks invites you to explore the Coyote Creek Parkway Trail. This scenic parkway meanders along Coyote Creek for 15 miles. The north portion features a paved multi-use trail popular with bicyclists, roller-bladers, and hikers. South of Metcalf Road, and through Coyote Valley, an equestrian trail parallels the paved trail. Public transit is available to Coyote Creek Parkway. Tulare Hill Ecological Preserve A preserve dedicated to the protection of the Bay checkerspot butterfly, the California Red-legged frog, and other threatened and endangered species.  Owned and managed by the Silicon Valley Land Conservancy. Coyote Valley Open Space Preserve A beautiful 350-acre open space preserve in the foothills along the west of the valley. A recent acquisition of the Santa Clara Open Space Authority, which is currently developing miles of beautiful trails for the Fall 2014 opening. Spreckles Hill


In which Chicago theater did over 500 people die in a fire in 1903?

Fire breaks out in Chicago theater - Dec 30, 1903 - HISTORY.com Fire breaks out in Chicago theater Share this: Fire breaks out in Chicago theater Author Fire breaks out in Chicago theater URL Publisher A+E Networks A fire in the Iroquois Theater in Chicago, Illinois, kills more than 600 people on this day in 1903. It was the deadliest theater fire in U.S. history. Blocked fire exits and the lack of a fire-safety plan caused most of the deaths. The Iroquois Theater, designed by Benjamin Marshall in a Renaissance style, was highly luxurious and had been deemed fireproof upon its opening in 1903. In fact, George Williams, Chicago’s building commissioner, and fire inspector Ed Laughlin looked over the theater in November 1903 and declared that it was “fireproof beyond all doubt.” They also noted its 30 exits, 27 of which were double doors. However, at the same time, William Clendenin, the editor of Fireproof magazine, also inspected the Iroquois and wrote a scathing editorial about its fire dangers, pointing out that there was a great deal of wood trim, no fire alarm and no sprinkler system over the stage. During the matinee performance of December 30, while a full house was watching Eddie Foy star in Mr. Bluebeard, 27 of the theater’s 30 exits were locked. In addition, stage manager Bill Carlton went out front to watch the show with the 2,000 patrons while the other stage hands left the theater and went out for a drink. It was a spotlight operator who first noticed that one of the calcium lights seemed to have sparked a fire backstage. The cluttered area was full of fire fuel–wooden stage props and oily rags. When the actors became aware of the fire, they scattered backstage; Foy later returned and tried to calm the audience, telling them to stay seated. An asbestos curtain was to be lowered that would confine the fire but when it wouldn’t come fully down, a panic began. It later turned out to be made of paper so it wouldn’t have helped in any case. Soon, all the lights inside the theater went out and there were stampedes near the open exits. When the back door was opened, the shift of air caused a fireball to roar through the backstage area. The teenage ushers working the theater fled immediately, forgetting to open the locked emergency exit doors. The few doors that were able to be forced open were four feet above the sidewalk, which slowed down the exiting process. Most of the 591 people who died were seated in the balconies. There were no fire escapes or ladders to assist them and some took their chances and jumped. The bodies were piled six deep near the narrow balcony exits. In fact, some people were knocked down by the falling bodies and were eventually pulled out alive from under burned victims. In the aftermath of the disaster, Williams was later charged and convicted of misfeasance. Chicago’s mayor was also indicted, though the charges didn’t stick. The theater owner was convicted of manslaughter due to the poor safety provisions; the conviction was later appealed and reversed. In fact, the only person to serve any jail time in relation to this disaster was a nearby saloon owner who had robbed the dead bodies while his establishment served as a makeshift morgue following the fire. Related Videos


Anyone please........How long did it take to construct a Model T Ford in 1914?????? View the step-by-step solution to: Anyone please........How long did it take to construct a Model T Ford in 1914?????? This question was answered on May 08, 2016. View the Answer Anyone please........How long did it take to construct a Model T Ford in 1914?????? JohnnieFritzle                                                   posted a question · May 08, 2016 at 3:11am Top Answer It took 95 minutes... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29401026) ]} Chrisjoel answered the question · May 08, 2016 at 3:12am Other Answers Here is the answer... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29401030) ]} ProfVictor answered the question · May 08, 2016 at 3:13am Ford's cars came off the line in three-minute intervals, much faster than previous methods, reducing production time by a... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29401043) ]} Here is the answer... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29401126) ]} dr.sasha98 answered the question · May 08, 2016 at 3:23am The first production of Model T Ford was completed in the year 1908. Ford managed to produce 15 million... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29402446) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions Need a World History tutor? Miss-white 11 World History experts found online! Average reply time is                       2 mins Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. 890,990,898 Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! 890,990,898 Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!


Which couple were implicated in the Whitewater affair?

Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up By David Maraniss and Susan Schmidt Washington Post Staff Writers Sunday, June 2, 1996; Page A01 The First Lady and Whitewater: Who's Who JAMES B. McDOUGAL Friend of Bill Clinton and gubernatorial aide during Clinton's first term, he was a partner with the Clintons in the Whitewater real estate venture and owned the failed Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan. He was convicted last week on federal fraud and conspiracy charges. SUSAN McDOUGAL James McDougal's former wife and partner in the Whitewater real estate venture. She was also convicted last week in the Whitewater-related fraud trial. RICHARD MASSEY Young associate at the Rose Law Firm when Madison Guaranty became a client in 1985. Hillary Rodham Clinton has said Massey played a key role in bringing in Madison as a Rose client, but he does not remember the events in the same way. RONALD CLARK Current managing partner of the Rose Law Firm. While Hillary Clinton has said Massey asked for her help in getting McDougal to pay his outstanding legal bills in April 1985, Clark maintains that they were already paid by November 1984. GARY BUNCH Onetime president of Madison Bank & Trust, another McDougal-owned financial entity that owed money to the Rose Law Firm. BEVERLY BASSETT SCHAFFER A Gov. Bill Clinton appointee to the Arkansas Securities Commission, she took a telephone call from Hillary Clinton in April 1985, six days after McDougal put Rose Law Firm on retainer. SETH WARD Arkansas businessman hired by McDougal to assist in land acquisition for the Castle Grande project, and Webster Hubbell's father-in-law. Hillary Clinton worked with Ward on certain legal details of the project she knew as IDC. WEBSTER L. HUBBELL President Clinton's appointee as associate U.S. attorney general and former partner in the Rose firm, he pleaded guilty to defrauding the firm and its clients through false billings. JIM GUY TUCKER Arkansas governor convicted last week on mail fraud and conspiracy charges linked to the Castle Grande deal. He announced his intention to resign this summer. DAVID HALE Former Arkansas municipal judge and owner of a small business investment company, he pleaded guilty to defrauding the federal Small Business Administration and was the chief government witness in the trial of the McDougals and Gov. Tucker. SAM BRATTON An aide to Gov. Clinton who oversaw regulatory issues, he was alerted by Arkansas Securities Commissioner Schaffer that McDougal's S&L was in trouble with federal authorities. VINCENT FOSTER Former Rose Law Firm partner who went to the Clinton White House as deputy counsel. At Rose, Foster had been billing partner in work the firm did for Madison Bank & Trust. CAROLYN HUBER Former Rose Law Firm office manager who worked in the White House residence handling the Clintons' personal correspondence. She packed away Hillary Clinton's law firm records in a box of "knickknacks" and said she was unaware they were the long-sought Rose billing records. DAVID R. GERGEN As counselor to the president, Gergen advised the Clintons to share all Whitewater-related documents with The Washington Post in December 1993. In an interview in January, Hillary Clinton suggested that she and the president had done just that with the New York Times during the 1992 campaign, but five days later the White House issued a clarification saying she was mistaken. ALSTON JENNINGS Prominent Little Rock lawyer who represented businessman Seth Ward. He visited the White House residence and talked with Hillary Clinton and her lawyer David Kendall around the time the first lady's law firm billing records appeared on a table in the third-floor book room of the White House residence. DAVID KENDALL The first lady's personal lawyer on Whitewater issues announced discovery of the billing records and turned them over to the independent counsel. Kendall called the billing records episode "another of the meaningless mysteries of Whitewater." In the four years that Hil


Who did James Earl Ray shoot in Memphis in April 1968?

Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968) Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968) At 6:05 P.M. on Thursday, 4 April 1968, Martin Luther King was shot dead while standing on a balcony outside his second-ﬂoor room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. News of King’s assassination prompted major outbreaks of racial violence, resulting in more than 40 deaths nationwide and extensive property damage in over 100 American cities. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old escaped fugitive, later confessed to the crime and was sentenced to a 99-year prison term. During King’s funeral a tape recording was played in which King spoke of how he wanted to be remembered after his death: ‘‘I’d like somebody to mention that day that Martin Luther King Jr. tried to give his life serving others’’(King, ‘‘Drum Major Instinct,’’ 85). King had arrived in Tennessee on Wednesday, 3 April to prepare for a march the following Monday on behalf of striking Memphis sanitation workers . As he prepared to leave the Lorraine Motel for a dinner at the home of Memphis minister Samuel ‘‘Billy’’ Kyles, King stepped out onto the balcony of room 306 to speak with Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) colleagues standing in the parking area below. An assassin ﬁred a single shot that caused severe wounds to the lower right side of his face. SCLC aides rushed to him, and Ralph Abernathy cradled King’s head. Others on the balcony pointed across the street toward the rear of a boarding house on South Main Street where the shot seemed to have originated. An ambulance rushed King to St. Joseph’s Hospital, where doctors pronounced him dead at 7:05 P.M. President Lyndon B. Johnson called for a national day of mourning to be observed on 7 April. In the following days, public libraries, museums, schools, and businesses were closed, and the Academy Awards ceremony and numerous sporting events were postponed. On 8 April King’s widow, Coretta Scott King , and other family members joined thousands of participants in a march in Memphis honoring King and supporting the sanitation workers. King’s funeral service was held the following day in Atlanta at Ebenezer Baptist Church . It was attended by many of the nation’s political and civil rights leaders, including Jacqueline Kennedy, Vice President Hubert Humphrey, and Ralph Bunche . Morehouse College President Benjamin Mays delivered the eulogy, predicting that King ‘‘would probably say that, if death had to come, I am sure there was no greater cause to die for than ﬁghting to get a just wage for garbage collectors’’ (Mays, 9 April 1968). Over 100,000 mourners followed two mules pulling King’s cofﬁn through the streets of Atlanta. After another ceremony on the Morehouse campus, King’s body was initially interred at South-View Cemetery. Eventually, it was moved to a crypt next to the Ebenezer Church at the King Center , an institution founded by King’s widow. Shortly after the assassination, a policeman discovered a bundle containing a 30.06 Remington riﬂe next door to the boarding house. The largest investigation in Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) history led its agents to an apartment in Atlanta. Fingerprints uncovered in the apartment matched those of James Earl Ray, a fugitive who had escaped from a Missouri prison in April 1967. FBI agents and police in Memphis produced further evidence that Ray had registered on 4 April at the South Main Street roominghouse and that he had taken a second-ﬂoor room near a common bathroom with a view of the Lorraine Motel. The identiﬁcation of Ray as a suspect led to an international manhunt. On 19 July 1968, Ray was extradited to the United States from Britain to stand trial. In a plea bargain, Tennessee prosecutors agreed in March 1969 to forgo seeking the death penalty when Ray pled guilty to murder charges. The circumstances leading to the plea later became a source of controversy, when Ray recanted his confession soon after being sentenced to a 99-year term in prison. During the years following King’s assassination, doubts about the adequacy of


Who was the first black American to win the Nobel peace prize?

Black Nobel Prize Winners [List] | News One Leave a comment 1.06K reads The 2011 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded today to three women from African and Arab countries, for their roles as activists. In total, there have been 16 Black Nobel Prize winners; 12 of them being Peace prize recipients.  Martin Luther King Jr., Barack Obama , and Nelson Mandela are all among the list of prestigious recipients. Here’s a list of all the Black Nobel prize winners. 1. Ralph Bunche Ralph Johnson Bunche was an American political scientist and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Palestine. He was the first person of color to be so honored in the history of the Prize.[6] He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations and in 1963, received the Medal of Freedom from President John F. Kennedy. [WIKIPEDIA] 2. Albert John Luthuli Albert Luthuli was a South African teacher and politician. Lutuli was elected president of the African National Congress (ANC), at the time an umbrella organisation that led opposition to the white minority government in South Africa. He was awarded the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the non-violent struggle against apartheid. He was the first African, and the first person from outside Europe and the Americas, to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. [WIKIPEDIA] 3. Martin Luther King, Jr Martin Luther King, Jr.  was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.[1] He is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.[2] King is often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. [WIKIPEDIA] 4. Anwar El Sadat Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. In his eleven years as president he changed Egypt’s direction, departing from some of the economic and political principles of Nasserism by re-instituting the multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy. [WIKIPEDIA] 5. Sir William Arthur Lewis Sir (William) Arthur Lewis was a Saint Lucian economist well known for his contributions in the field of economic development. In 1979 he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, becoming the first black person to win a Nobel Prize in a category other than peace. [WIKIPEDIA] 6. Desmond Tutu Desmond Mpilo Tutu is a South African activist and retired Anglican bishop who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. He was the first black South African Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa and primate of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (now the Anglican Church of Southern Africa). [WIKIPEDIA] 7. Wole Soyinka Akinwande Oluwole “Wole” Soyinka is a Nigerian writer, poet and playwright. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature, where he was recognised as a man “who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence”,[1][2] and became the first African in Africa and in Diaspora to be so honoured. In 1994, he was designated UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Goodwill Ambassador for the promotion of African culture, human rights, freedom of expression, media and communication. [WIKIPEDIA] 8. Derek Walcott Derek Alton Walcott is a Saint Lucian poet, playwright, writer and visual artist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1992 and the T. S. Eliot Prize in 2011 for White Egrets. His works include the Homeric epic Omeros. Robert Graves wrote that Walcott “handles English with a closer understanding of its inner magic than most, if not any, of his contemporaries”. [WIKIPEDIA] 9. Toni Morrison Toni Morrison is an American novelist, editor, and professor. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed characters. Among her best known novels are The B


Where was the first nuclear reactor built, by Enrico Fermi?

Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne National Laboratory Early Exploration Tweet BOOKSHELF “Plentiful        Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor” by Charles E. Till and Yoon        Chang gives the history of the IFR at        Argonne. The book is available on Amazon.com… More about the IFR » Early Exploration Early exploration nuclear reactors designed by the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory,    the direct predecessor to Argonne National Laboratory, began the development of nuclear technology. CP-3 CP-1 (Chicago Pile 1 Reactor) This drawing depicts the historic Dec. 2, 1942, event -- the first controlled, self-sustaining       nuclear chain reaction. It took place under     the abandoned football stands at the University of Chicago. Click on photo to view a larger       image. Chicago Pile 1 was the world's first nuclear reactor, built in 1942 by Nobel     Prize winner Enrico Fermi. The reactor was built underneath the University of Chicago's Stagg     Field football stadium. On Dec. 2, 1942, Enrico Fermi and 48 of his colleagues succeed in achieving     in this reactor the world’s first man-made controlled nuclear chain reaction, thereby     establishing the ability of mankind to control the release of nuclear energy. He and other scientists     from that group later founded Argonne National Laboratory. Scale model of CP-1 reactor. Courtesy Archival Photographic Files, [apf2-00504], Special       Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library. Click on photo to view a larger image. Download      image from Flickr The photograph at right shows a scale model depicting Fermi’s reactor setup on that day     in 1942. The model shows a segment of the football stadium and gives a perspective on where     the reactor was located under the stands. Fermi and his colleagues were assembled on the balcony     to the right to observe the instruments recording the neutron intensity in the pile. After the     reactor had sustained the chain reaction for 28 minutes the operators to the right of the reactor     (in the left foreground of the photo) pushed in a cadmium control rod called zip, which absorbed     neutrons and ended the chain reaction. The reactor fuel was lumps of uranium metal and uranium     oxide; these were spaced on a cubic lattice within layers of graphite, with some graphite layers     containing only uranium metal pseudospheres, some only uranium oxide pseudospheres, and some     containing both. The pile was built by alternating graphite layers seeded with uranium metal     and/or uranium oxide with layers of solid graphite blocks. The completed reactor contained 57     layers, which was about one layer beyond the critical stage needed to sustain the chain reaction. Early in 1943, CP-1 was dismantled and moved to a less-populated site in the "Argonne     Forest" section of the Cook County Forest Preserve in Palos Park. That part of the forest     has since been renamed, but its appellation survives today in the name of Argonne National Laboratory. For more information on CP-1 : Watch the video on YouTube (posted on May 15, 2014) CP-2 (Chicago Pile 2 Reactor) In early 1943, Chicago Pile 1 was dismantled at the University of Chicago, moved to the       Argonne Forest section of the Palos Hills Forest Preserve, and renamed Chicago Pile 2.       Click on photo to view a larger image. In early 1943 Manhattan Engineer District disassembled Chicago      Pile 1 and rebuilt it at Palos Park, IL, as Chicago      Pile 2. CP-2 had a thermal- power level of 10 kW. The fuel for CP-2 was      natural uranium (uranium in which the natural abundance of the isotopes uranium-234, uranium-235,      and uranium-238 has not been altered). A small laboratory atop the 14,000-ton reactor provided      space for limited experiments using neutrons from the reactor's core. The reactor's face contained


Which state on the Gulf of Mexico has the longest name?

Geography of the Gulf of Mexico - Border States Geography of the Gulf of Mexico Geography of the Gulf of Mexico States Learn about the States Surrounding the Gulf of Mexico Geography Expert By Amanda Briney The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin located close to the southeastern United States . It is one of the largest bodies of water in the world and it is a part of the Atlantic Ocean . The basin has an area of 600,000 square miles (1.5 million sq km) and most of it consists of shallow intertidal areas but there are some very deep portions. The Gulf of Mexico is bounded by five U.S. states. The following is a list of the five Gulf states and some information about each. 1.  Alabama Alabama is a state located in the southeastern United States. It has an area of 52,419 square miles (135,765 sq km) and a 2008 population of 4,4661,900. Its largest cities are Birmingham, Montgomery and Mobile. Alabama is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida to the south and Mississippi to the west. Only a small portion of its coastline is on the Gulf of Mexico ( map ) but it has a busy port located on the Gulf in Mobile. More » continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know 2.  Florida Florida is a state in the southeastern United States that is bordered by Alabama and Georgia to the north and the Gulf of Mexico the the south and east. It is a peninsula that is surrounded by water on three sides ( map ) and it has a 2009 population of 18,537,969. The area of Florida is 53,927 square miles (139,671 sq km). Florida is known as the "sunshine state" because of its warm subtropical climate and many beaches, including those on the Gulf of Mexico. More » 3.  Louisiana Louisiana ( map ) is located between the Gulf of Mexico states of Texas and Mississippi and is south of Arkansas . It has an area of 43,562 square miles (112,826 sq km) and a 2005 population estimate (prior to Hurricane Katrina ) of 4,523,628. Louisiana is known for its multicultural population, its culture and events such as Mardi Gras in New Orleans . It is also known for its well established fishing economy and ports on the Gulf of Mexico. More » 4.  Mississippi Mississippi ( map ) is a state located in the southeastern United States with an area of 48,430 square miles (125,443 sq km) and a 2008 population of 2,938,618. Its largest cities are Jackson, Gulfport and Biloxi. Mississippi is bordered by Louisiana and Arkansas to the west, Tennesse to the north and Alabama to the east. Most of the state is forested and undeveloped aside from the Mississippi River delta and the Gulf coast area.  Like Alabama, only a small portion of its coastline is on the Gulf of Mexico but the area is popular for tourism. More » 5.  Texas Texas ( map ) is a state located on the Gulf of Mexico and it is the second largest of the contiguous states based on both area and population. The area of Texas is 268,820 square miles (696,241 sq km) and the state's 2009 population was 24,782,302. Texas is bordered by the U.S. states of New Mexico , Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana as well as by the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico. Texas is known for its oil-based economy but its Gulf Coast areas are quickly growing and are some of the most important areas for the state. More »


The Rotary Club was founded in 1905 in which American City? The Rotary Club was founded in 1905 in which American City? Tagged With :- It looks like that was Chicago, Dixie. Here's a pic and some info regarding the founding members. "The first four Rotarians: (from left) Gustavus Loehr, Silvester Schiele, Hiram Shorey, and Paul P. Harris Courtesy of Rotary Images" Posted 1334 day(s) ago DixieRock 1333 day(s) ago Yup, Chicago correct. Thanks for the info, very interesting, I learn many new things when you post information like this, Thanks Kraven, Kravenhead 1332 day(s) ago Looks like there was one rebel in the group.... Hanky in his top pocket, and his hand in his lower pocket. Must be a trouble maker.


Where is the HQ of Chrysler and General Motors?

General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters HQ General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters HQ General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters HQ  300 Renaissance Center Customer Service Phone Number: 1-313-556-5000 SHARE: Next Post Newer Post Previous Post Older Post Home 11 comments: Please explain this video to me. I do not understand anything about this???? Brenda Reeves October 13, 2012 at 5:35 PM As a longtime supporter of the Parent's Television Council, I was very disturbed to read in their latest newsletter that GM is the #2 worst sponsor of anti-family programming. In addition to being personally offended by the choice of sponsored programs, I would suggest that this might not be a good move to be attacking American traditional family values by supporting those that promote moral decay. November 22, 2012 at 8:47 AM I have been a GM owner/buyer for 40 years. CRANBERRY MOTORS in Machias, Maine take the cake. Not only do they run the dealership the way they want to, but, GM for years have let it happen.. I will not buy GM again until the stop customer go through a FORD show room to buy a GM product again. GM take notice!!!!! January 10, 2013 at 8:18 PM I just purchased a used 1994 Buick Le Saber an was impressed how on the car looked inside and outside. I took the car for a test drive and it ran really well. The engine was very clean and the transmission worked just perfectly. I admit there are a few miles on this car however I was very impressed. I bought it. However, the only thing I didn't check was the frame and undercarriage. I drove the car for about 3 months until the problems started showing up. First the gas line started leaking, brake line leaking which caused the brakes to fail and my wife was almost in a car accident. I took the car in for an oil change and they said that the undercarriage is totally shot. Their was only one motor mount holding the engine in place and if by chance I would have had to slam on the brakes the engine would have fell out of the car. I latter found out that on this particular model there was a recall on these cars however, not in Minnesota. I don't understand how a big company can limit a recall and make a product that could actually kill someone. Please explain. Sincerely, Totally Confused and very disappointed. I would appreciate an answer and recommendations. November 17, 2015 at 11:45 PM Purchased an 2012 Buick Verano for my son paid cash used had only 71,000 miles at time of purchase. My son was diving the car going to the gas station got stopped at a light the car began to shake and the check engine light came on the car burst into flames. The car was a total loss but GM says their was no recall on the vehicle. We only had the vehicle only 2 1/2 months after purchase. With only 78,000 miles. GM needs to look into this matter. I'm pursuing a lawyer to help me look further into this matter. I think I have an law suit against GM. GM had a recall on their 2013-14 Buick Verano for electrical problems the 2012 should have been thrown into that recall. November 17, 2015 11:41 p.m. August 29, 2016 at 3:22 PM My husband and I have been loyal GM customers for almost 40 years, apparently that doesn't mean much. In 2013 we purchased a new 2013 Equinox. I loved my vehicle. Last year my car started smelling like mildew. We took it to the dealer, they cleaned the car. The next week we returned the car to them because the mildew smell was still there. They discovered a leak and repaired it. They replaced all the rugs in the car. A week later we returned the car back to the dealer, again because of the smell. The dealership told us there was nothing else they could do. We hired a law firm and we won the case (lemon Law). It has been a year and we still don't have a new car. We have been paying car payments for the last year on a car that we can't use. We've been paying property taxes on a car that we can't use. We just don't know where else to turn. We're very disappointed that we're being treated this way.


In All In The Family, what was Archie's son-in-law's full name?

Video: Jtube: All in the Family: Archie’s Jewish Friend Be proud of your Jewish identity and Jewish name   (175)                Phillip Barton (Segall),          January 28, 2013 9:21 AM Why I use(d) my middle name as my last name. When I began my career in radio 65 years ago in the Sourthern "Bible Belt," I'd have never made it with my Jewish name. Even so, some anti-Semites guessed I was a Jew -- though I didn't "look" it -- and didn't want me in their house. By the time I got to the West Coast where Jews were "accepted," my middle name was hung on me, including in both my military and police employments. Now, because of Medicare, my wife and children use the family name even as I still use my middle name; it would simply be an explanatory mishmash should I change at this late date!   (174)                Anonymous,          January 28, 2013 4:08 AM redemption from Egypt It is said that one of the reasons that the Israelites merited redemption from the slavery in Egypt was that they retained their Jewish names while in slavery.   (173)                Jerry strug,          January 12, 2013 2:48 AM I was an engineer with a non Jewish sounding name. I always let it be know I was Jewish. the inevitable reaponse was " You are different" from the Other Jews. I was nmot different.   When did Stretch Cunningham die?   (171)                Mort aurence,          January 11, 2013 4:58 AM Perfect combination: humor and pathos Loved this one. Love for a friend surmounts all barriers. This should be repeated at leSt once a year.   (170)                dave bier,          January 7, 2013 2:29 PM Jewish names "A Jewish name ain't got no 'ham' in it." That's so funny I nearly wet myself laughing. Great writing, wonderful delivery.   (169)                Morris Kaplan,          January 7, 2013 5:35 AM A good line was taken out of this clip I saw this when it originally aired, and one line in Archie's eulogy, not included in this clip, went something like this, "I couldn't tell he was Jewish by looking at his face, and I didn't see anything else." Then there's a closeup of Edith, and after a few seconds a look on her face as though realizing what he accidentally implied.   (168)                stew feigel,          January 5, 2013 12:37 AM we should be able to joke with our friends, and not be so sensitive as to not be able to enjoy them.   (167)                Dr. Ronald Shultz,          January 4, 2013 12:04 AM Never Hide or Surrender! Always be proud of your heritage! Never hide who you are or you surrender your soul to tyrants and fools!   Jewish folks are the smartest, best business people on the planet . Tough to beatn   (164)                cathy,          December 31, 2012 5:04 PM thinking from the past With the internet and instant coverage in what's happening in the world, we are becoming more concerned with human rights. We will never go back to the Archie Bunker thinking.   Anonymous,          January 2, 2013 4:30 PM WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN THE ARCHIE BANKERS ARE AS STRONG AS EVER   (163)                Lonna Kahn,          December 29, 2012 5:33 PM It's important to keep your Jewish name. It is your connection to your ancestors and your heritage. Never be ashamed to own your heritage; it is one way to fight prejudice.   (162)                sultana,          December 28, 2012 10:20 AM proud to be jewish. We havv paid enough to be able to say this! I don't think any other religion has had so much suffering.When i left Egypt after the Canal War and went to Italy, one of the first things I was told, "you deserve everything you got You LKILLED CHRIST!   (161)                Israel Dorinbaum,          December 27, 2012 5:03 PM I am proud to be Jewish we Give more to humanity than any other people in the


What is the architectural style of the Radio City Music Hall in New York?

Images- with special thanks  to Rick Stasel A vestige of the large entertainment component  found in the earlier plan for Rockefeller Center, this theater was a  larger version of the music halls and theaters around Times Square.  Originally intended for use as a vaudeville music hall which would be "the showplace of the nation," this theater features a stunning Art Deco  interior decorated with golden rays and plaster arches. At the time it  was built, the theater had many innovative technical features including  a revolving stage, three moveable sections of stage flooring, and  sophisticated scenery equipment. When the success of this theater was  threatened by the newly popular genre of sound film, it was taken over  by Rockefeller Center and RCA. After being adapted as a movie theater  for a brief period of time, the facility was resurrected as a music hall  and immortalized by the famous chorus line dancers known as the  Rockettes. Radio City Music Hall is an entertainment venue located in New York City's  Rockefeller Center. Its nickname is the Showplace of the Nation, and it  was for a time the leading tourist destination in the city. Its interior  was declared a city landmark in 1978. Early history The 12 acre (49,000 m²) complex in midtown Manhattan  known as Rockefeller Center was developed between 1929 and 1940 by John  D. Rockefeller, Jr., on land leased from Columbia University.  Rockefeller initially planned a new home for the Metropolitan Opera on  the site, but after the Stock Market Crash of 1929, the plans changed  and the opera company withdrew from the project. The names "Radio City" and "Radio City Music Hall" derive from  one of the complex's first tenants, the Radio Corporation of America.  Radio City Music Hall was a project of Rockefeller, Samuel Roxy Rothafel  who previously opened the Roxy Theater in 1927, and RCA chairman David  Sarnoff. RCA had developed numerous studios for NBC at 30 Rockefeller  Plaza, just to the south of the Music Hall, and the radio-TV complex  that lent the Music Hall its name is still known as the NBC Radio City  Studios. The Music Hall opened to the public on December 27, 1932 with a  spectacular stage show, featuring Ray Bolger and Martha Graham. The  opening was meant to be a return to high class variety entertainment.  Unfortunately, it was not a success and on January 11, 1933, the first  film was shown on the giant screen: Frank Capra's The Bitter Tea of  General Yen starring Barbara Stanwyck. Radio City has 5,933 seats for spectators; it became the largest  movie theater in the world at the time of its opening. Designed by  Edward Durell Stone, the interior of the theater, by Donald Deskey,  incorporates glass, aluminum, chrome, and geometric ornamentation.  Deskey rejected the Rococo embellishment generally used for theaters at  that time in favor of a contemporary Art Deco style, borrowed heavily  from a European Modern aesthetic style, of which he was the foremost  exponent at the time. For much of the theater's history, it presented both a movie and  a stage show as part of the same program. By the 1970s, changes in film  distribution made it difficult for Radio City to secure exclusive  bookings of many films; furthermore, the theater preferred to show only  G-rated movies, which became less common as the decade wore on. Regular  film showings at Radio City ended in 1979, when Radio City was saved  from a possible closure due to lack of funds. Movies and Movie premieres  have occasionally been shown there in succeeding years. In 1980 after a  renovation the Music Hall reopened with a focus on concerts and live  stage shows. Attractions Radio City's marquee promoting the Christmas Spectacular in  December 2007.The Great Stage, measuring 66.5 feet (20 m) deep and 144  feet (44 m) wide, resembles a setting sun. Its system of elevators was  so advanced that the U.S. Navy incorporated identical hydraulics in  constructing World War II aircraft carriers; accor


What was the debut movie of the actress born Shirley Beaty?

Shirley MacLaine - Biography - IMDb Shirley MacLaine Biography Showing all 91 items Jump to: Overview  (3) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (3) | Trivia  (52) | Personal Quotes  (25) | Salary  (6) Overview (3) 5' 7" (1.7 m) Mini Bio (1) Shirley MacLaine was born Shirley MacLean Beaty in Richmond, Virginia. Her mother, Kathlyn Corinne (MacLean), was a drama teacher from Nova Scotia, Canada, and her father, Ira Owens Beaty, a professor of psychology and real estate agent, was from Virginia. Her brother, Warren Beatty , was born on March 30, 1937. Her ancestry includes English and Scottish. Shirley was the tallest in her ballet classes at the Washington School of Ballet. Just after she graduated from Washington-Lee High School, she packed her bags and headed for New York. While auditioning for Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II 's "Me and Juliet", the producer kept mispronouncing her name. She then changed her name from Shirley MacLean Beaty to Shirley MacLaine. She later had a role in "The Pajama Game", as a member of the chorus and understudy to Carol Haney . A few months into the run, Shirley was going to leave the show for the lead role in "Can-Can" but ended up filling in for Haney, who had broken her ankle and could not perform. She would fill in for Carol, again, three months later, following another injury, the very night that movie producer Hal B. Wallis was in the audience. Wallis signed MacLaine to a five-year contract to Paramount Pictures. Three months later, she was off to shoot The Trouble with Harry (1955). She then took roles in Hot Spell (1958) and Around the World in Eighty Days (1956), completed not too long before her daughter, Sachi Parker (born Stephanie), was born. With Shirley's career on track, she played one of her most challenging roles: "Ginny Moorhead" in Some Came Running (1958), for which she received her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. She went on to do The Sheepman (1958) and The Matchmaker (1958). In 1960, she got her second Academy Award nomination for The Apartment (1960). Three years later, she received a third nomination for Irma la Douce (1963). In 1969, she brought her friend Bob Fosse from Broadway to direct her in Sweet Charity (1969), from which she got her "signature" song, "If My Friends Could See Me Now". After a five-year hiatus, Shirley made a documentary on China called The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir (1975), for which she received an Oscar nomination for best documentary. In 1977, she got her fourth Best Actress Oscar nomination for The Turning Point (1977). In 1979, she worked with Peter Sellers in Being There (1979), made shortly before his death. After 20 years in the film industry, she finally took home the Best Actress Oscar for Terms of Endearment (1983). After a five-year hiatus, Shirley made Madame Sousatzka (1988), a critical and financial hit that took top prize at the Venice Film Festival. In 1989, she starred with Dolly Parton , Sally Field and Julia Roberts in Steel Magnolias (1989). She received rave reviews playing Meryl Streep 's mother in Postcards from the Edge (1990) and for Guarding Tess (1994). In 1996, she reprised her role from "Terms of Endearment" as "Aurora Greenway" in The Evening Star (1996), which didn't repeat its predecessor's success at the box office. In mid-1998, she directed Bruno (2000), which starred Alex D. Linz . In February 2001, Shirley worked with close friends once again in These Old Broads (2001), and co-starred with Julia Stiles in Carolina (2003) and with Kirstie Alley in Salem Witch Trials (2002). MacLaine as her own website which includes her own radio show and interviews, the Encounter Board, and Independent Expression, a members-only section of the site. In the past few years, Shirley starred in a CBS miniseries based on the life of cosmetics queen Mary Kay Ash -- The Battle of Mary Kay (2002), and wrote two more books, "The Camino" in 2001, and "Out On A Leash" in 2003. After taking a slight hiatus from motion pictures, Shirley returned with roles in the movies that were small, bu


On which river is the USA's highest concrete dam?

12 highest Dams in the World     -     Wonders-World.com 12 highest Dams in the World Posted by admin 4/13/2013 0 A dam is a man-made structure built across a river. Most dams are built to control river flow, improve navigation, and regulate flooding. However, some dams are built to produce hydroelectric power. The sight of a dam one of the largest and most complex structures that humanity has ever created can be quite breath taking. Here is a top 12 highest dams list. 12.Mica Dam · 243 m (797 ft) · Canada · Columbia image by dar56 The Mica Dam (243 m height) is a hydroelectric dam spanning the Columbia River 135 kilometres north of Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada. 11.Alberto Lleras (Guavio) Dam · 243 m (797 ft) · Colombia · Guavio River image by philipp The Alberto Lleras Dam, also known as the Guavio Dam, is a rock-fill embankment dam on the Guavio River near Guavio, Colombia. 10.Deriner Dam · 249 m (817 ft) · Turkey · Çoruh River image by babsack Deriner Dam is a concrete double-curved arch dam under construction on the Çoruh River 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Artvin in Artvin Province, Turkey. Construction on the dam began in 1998, the reservoir began to fill in February 2012 and the power station is expected to be operational by the end of the year. It will have a 670 MW power house and is the tallest dam in Turkey.  9.Laxiwa Dam · 250 m (820 ft) · China · Huang He image by dam The Laxiwa Dam is an arch dam on the Yellow River in Qinghai Province, northwest China. The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports the largest station in the Yellow River basin. The facility generates power by utilizing six turbines, each with a generating capacity of 700 MW, totaling to a capacity of 4,200 MW. 8.Mauvoisin Dam · 250 m (820 ft) · Switzerland · Bagnes image by 4000er Lac de Mauvoisin is a lake in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. The reservoir is formed by the Mauvoisin Dam, which is 250 m high. The dam is currently the 8th highest in the world, and the third highest arch dam. It was built in 1951–1957, and raised by 13.5 m in 1991. 7.Tehri Dam · 261 m (856 ft) · India · Bhagirathi image by arvind The Tehri Dam is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam on the Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand, India. It is the primary dam of the Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Ltd. and the Tehri hydroelectric complex. The dam is a 260 metres (850 ft) high rock and earth-fill embankment dam. Its length is 575 metres (1,886 ft), crest width 20 metres (66 ft), and base width 1,128 metres (3,701 ft). 6.Manuel Moreno Torres (Chicoasén) Dam · 261 m (856 ft) · Mexico · Grijalva image by mexico  It is located about 40 km from Tuxtle, capital of the Mexican state of Chiapas. It is also known as Sumidero Canyon and canyon is regarded as an important tourist attraction in the state of Chiapas. The chicoasen is the home to a great variety of wildlife including corocodiles. It is the 6th largest dam in the world with a height of 261 meters. 5.Vajont Dam (disused) · 261.6 m (858 ft)· Italy · Vajont image by emanuele The Vajont Dam is a disused dam, completed in 1959 in the valley of the Vajont river under Monte Toc, 100 km north of Venice, Italy. One of the tallest dams in the world, it is 262 m (860 ft) high, 27 m (89 ft) thick at the base and 3.4 m (11 ft) at the top. 4.Inguri Dam · 271.5 m (891 ft) · Georgia · Inguri image by polgraf The Inguri Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Inguri River in Georgia. Currently it is the world's highest concrete arch dam with a height of 272 metres (892 ft). It is located north of the town Jvari. 3.Grande Dixence Dam · 285 m (935 ft) · Switzerland · Dixence image by roland The Grande Dixence Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Dixence River at the head of the Val d'Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. At 285 m (935 ft) high, it is the tallest gravity dam in the world and is part of the Cleuson-Dixence Complex. 2.Xiaowan Dam · 292 m (958 ft) · China · Lancang image by dam It is  world’s 2th tallest Dam. Construction on th


In square miles, how big is lake Superior?

How Big is Lake Superior? - Lake Superior Magazine Expand Lake Superior vs. East Coast Steve Colman, now retired from the University of Minnesota Duluth's Large Lakes Observatory, uses this comparison with the U.S. East Coast to explain the size of the Big Lake. Raising Lake Superior's level by a single inch requires 551 billion gallons of water, but even that enormous sum is a mere drop in the Big Lake bucket. It's the world's largest freshwater lake by surface area – 31,700 square miles (82,100 square kilometres), or roughly the size of Maine – and holds 10 percent of the world's surface fresh water. (By volume, it's the third largest, behind Lake Baikal in Siberia and Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa.) Lake Superior's 3 quadrillion gallons are enough to cover both North and South America under a foot of water. Here's another (preposterous) way to think about it: Downing half a gallon of water daily, it would take you 16.4 trillion years to drink Lake Superior. Or the entire world population of 7 billion people, each person drinking half a gallon per day, could together polish off Lake Superior in 2,348 years. The Big Lake holds as much water as all of the other Great Lakes combined plus three more Lake Eries. To reach its deepest point, you'd need to descend 1,276 feet – about the distance of a ride down from the top floor of Chicago's 108-story Willis Tower. Lake Superior is so large and so deep that its retention time – about how long an average drop of water remains in the Lake – is 191 years. For Lake Michigan it's 99 years, Huron 22, Ontario 6 and Erie just 2.6 years. No wonder ours is called Superior. × Expand Superior Volume Lake Superior has as much water as the rest of the Great Lakes combined – plus three more Lake Eries. More facts


Near which town were there reports of a space ship landing on the 4th July 1947?

Roswell UFO Incident - July 1947 - Connections to July 4th - Crystalinks The Roswell UFO Incident The Roswell UFO incident took place in the U.S. in June or July 1947, when an airborne object crashed on a ranch near Roswell, New Mexico. Explanations of what took place are based on both official and unofficial communications. Although the crash is attributed to a secret U.S. military Air Force surveillance balloon by the U.S. government, the most famous explanation of what occurred is that the object was a spacecraft containing extraterrestrial life. Since the late 1970s, the Roswell incident has been the subject of much controversy, and conspiracy theories have arisen about the event. The United States Armed Forces maintains that what was recovered near Roswell was debris from the crash of an experimental high-altitude surveillance balloon belonging to what was then a classified (top secret) program named Mogul. In contrast, many UFO proponents maintain that an alien craft was found, its occupants were captured, and that the military engaged in a massive cover-up. The Roswell incident has turned into a widely known pop culture phenomenon, making the name "Roswell" synonymous with UFOs. Roswell has become the most publicized of all alleged UFO incidents. On July 8, 1947, the Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF) public information officer Walter Haut, issued a press release stating that personnel from the field's 509th Operations Group had recovered a "flying disk", which had crashed on a ranch near Roswell. Later that day, the press reported that Commanding General of the Eighth Air Force Roger Ramey had stated that a weather balloon was recovered by the RAAF personnel. A press conference was held, featuring debris (foil, rubber and wood) said to be from the crashed object, which seemed to confirm its description as a weather balloon. Subsequently the incident faded from the attention of UFO researchers for over 30 years. In 1978, physicist and ufologist Stanton T. Friedman interviewed Major Jesse Marcel who was involved with the original recovery of the debris in 1947. Marcel expressed his belief that the military covered up the recovery of an alien spacecraft. His story spread through UFO circles, being featured in some UFO documentaries at the time. In February 1980, the National Enquirer ran its own interview with Marcel, garnering national and worldwide attention for the Roswell incident. Additional witnesses added significant new details, including claims of a large-scale military operation dedicated to recovering alien craft and aliens themselves, at as many as 11 crash sites, and alleged witness intimidation. In 1989, former mortician Glenn Dennis put forth a detailed personal account, wherein he claimed alien autopsies were carried out at the Roswell base. In response to these reports, and after United States congressional inquiries, the General Accounting Office launched an inquiry and directed the Office of the United States Secretary of the Air Force to conduct an internal investigation. The result was summarized in two reports. The first, released in 1995, concluded that the reported recovered material in 1947 was likely debris from Project Mogul. The second report, released in 1997, concluded reports of recovered alien bodies were likely a combination of innocently transformed memories of military accidents involving injured or killed personnel, innocently transformed memories of the recovery of anthropomorphic dummies in military programs like Operation High Dive conducted in the 1950s, and hoaxes perpetrated by various witnesses and UFO proponents. The psychological effects of time compression and confusion about when events occurred explained the discrepancy with the years in question. These reports were dismissed by UFO proponents as being either disinformation or simply implausible. But at the same time, several high-profile UFO researchers discounted the possibility that the incident had anything to do with aliens. 2013 marked the 66th anniversary of the UFO crash in Roswell, New Mexico, July 1947. Today's a


St. Louis world's fair - Newspaper and Current Periodical Reading Room (Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress) Jump to: Sample Articles Important Dates: 1901. Planning and construction for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition begins. President McKinley issues a proclamation inviting the international community to participate. 1902. Although Exposition organizers had planned for a 1903 opening, it is delayed to 1904 to complete the preparations for what would be the largest ever World’s Fair. April 30, 1903. The Dedication ceremonies commemorating the centennial of the signing of the Louisiana Purchase Treaty are held, though the Exposition will not officially open for another year. April 30, 1904. The official opening day of the Fair – both President Roosevelt and Secretary of War William Howard Taft participated in the opening ceremonies. December 1, 1904. Closing night of the Fair. Suggested Search Strategies: [Try the following terms in combination, proximity, or as         phrases using Search          Pages in Chronicling America.] St. Louis World’s Fair, 1904 World’s Fair, Louisiana    Purchase Exposition, the “Pike” To    narrow your results, search between 1899 and 1905. To    find articles relating to specific events related to the Fair include    additional terms in search. Ex. When searching for articles about the opening    of the Fair, including opening or opening day in search terms. Sample Articles from Chronicling America: " National Comission Goes Over Fair Site ," St. Louis Republic (St. Louis, MO), June 27, 1901, Page 1, Image 1, col. 3. " President McKinley Issues World's Fair Proclamation ," St. Louis Republic (St. Louis, MO), August 22, 1901, Page 1, Image 1, col. 4. " Postponed at St. Louis ," Minneapolis Journal (Minneapolis, MN), January 17, 1902, Page 1, Image 1, col. 4.


Which singer had the first names Harry Lillis?

Bing Crosby - Biography - IMDb Bing Crosby Biography Showing all 121 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (5) | Trivia  (88) | Personal Quotes  (20) Overview (5) 5' 7" (1.7 m) Mini Bio (1) Bing Crosby was born Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. in Tacoma, Washington, the fourth of seven children of Catherine Helen "Kate" (Harrigan) and Harry Lowe Crosby, a brewery bookkeeper. He was of English and Irish descent. Crosby studied law at Gonzaga University in Spokane but was more interested in playing the drums and singing with a local band. Bing and the band's piano player, Al Rinker , left Spokane for Los Angeles in 1925. In the early 1930s Bing's brother Everett sent a record of Bing singing "I Surrender, Dear" to the president of CBS. His live performances from New York were carried over the national radio network for 20 consecutive weeks in 1932. His radio success led Paramount Pictures to include him in The Big Broadcast (1932), a film featuring radio favorites. His songs about not needing a bundle of money to make life happy was the right message for the decade of the Great Depression. His relaxed, low-key style carried over into the series of "Road" comedies he made with pal Bob Hope . He won the best actor Oscar for playing an easygoing priest in Going My Way (1944). He showed that he was indeed an actor as well as a performer when he played an alcoholic actor down on his luck opposite Grace Kelly in The Country Girl (1954). Playing golf was what he liked to do best. He died at age 74 playing golf at a course outside Madrid, Spain, after completing a tour of England that had included a sold-out engagement at the London Palladium. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Dale O'Connor < daleoc@worldnet.att.net> Spouse (2) ( 29 September  1930      - 1 November  1952) (her death) (4 children) Trade Mark (5) Often played what he referred to as "happy go-lucky fellas" in his movies Signature Song: "White Christmas" Often worked with Bob Hope "Crooned" most of the songs he sang. Baritone voice Trivia (88) His eldest son Gary Crosby was vocal in criticizing Bing's violent ways as a father. He wrote a sensationalist tell-all biography titled "Going My Own Way" in 1983 which was touted as a "Daddy Dearest" about Bing. Though Lindsay Crosby and Dennis Crosby fluctuated between agreeing and disagreeing with Gary's criticisms of their father, Phillip Crosby defended Bing after the book was published. Two of the sons suffered bouts of depression, much as their mother Dixie Lee had, throughout their lives and committed suicide(Lindsay and Dennis, in 1989 and 1991, respectively). Gary died of lung cancer in 1995. Phillip died of a heart attack in 2004, having defended his father to the end. Bing's children from his second marriage, including daughter and actress Mary Crosby , praised him as a kind and loving father in later life. Older brother of bandleader Bob Crosby . His large ears were pinned back during his early films, until partway through She Loves Me Not (1934). From the 1940s to the 1960s he owned 15% of the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team. His cameo in Angels in the Outfield (1951) was as part-owner of the team. Three things about Bing were frequent sources of jokes in Hollywood: his inability to sire a daughter, prior to the birth of Mary Crosby ; his investment in racehorses that rarely won; and his rather bad, almost colorblind, taste in casual clothes. These jokes often made their way into radio and TV shows, movies and, most often, into the comedy routines of Bob Hope . Interred at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California, USA, in the Grotto section, L119, #1. Left a clause in his will stating that his sons could not collect their inheritance money until they were 65. They had already been amply taken care of by a trust fund set up by their mother, Dixie Lee , which is truth was totally funded by Bing. All four sons continued to collect monies from that fund until their deaths. Was nicknamed "Bing" after a character named "Bingo" in a comic strip titled "Bingville Bugle." Was the first choice


What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called? What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called? 1331 day(s) ago Best Answer I was totally clueless,Dixie, but here's what I found. "San Francisco Ballet, the oldest professional ballet company in America, has emerged as a world-class arts organization since it was founded as the San Francisco Opera Ballet in 1933. Initially, its primary purpose was to train dancers to appear in lavish, full-length opera productions." I've never been to an Opera or a Ballet. Posted 1330 day(s) ago


Parker and Barrow were more usually known as what?

The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow By Jennifer Rosenberg Who Were Bonnie and Clyde? It was during the Great Depression that Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow went on their two-year crime spree (1932-1934). The general attitude in the United States was against government and Bonnie and Clyde used that to their advantage. With an image closer to Robin Hood rather than mass murderers, Bonnie and Clyde captured the imagination of the nation. Dates: Bonnie Parker (October 1, 1910 -- May 23, 1934); Clyde Barrow (March 24, 1909 -- May 23, 1934) Also Known As: Bonnie Elizabeth Parker, Clyde Chestnut Barrow, The Barrow Gang Overview of Bonnie and Clyde In some ways it was easy to romanticize Bonnie and Clyde. They were a young couple in love who were out on the open road, running from the "big, bad law" who were "out to get them." Clyde's impressive driving skill got the gang out of many close calls, while Bonnie's poetry won the hearts of many. (Clyde loved Fords so much, he even wrote a letter to Henry Ford himself!) continue reading below our video Profile of Bonnie and Clyde Although Bonnie and Clyde had killed people, they were equally known for kidnapping policemen who had caught up to them and then driving them around for hours only to release them, unharmed, hundreds of miles away. The two seemed like they were on an adventure, having fun while easily side-stepping the law. As with any image, the truth behind Bonnie and Clyde was far from their portrayal in the newspapers. Bonnie and Clyde were responsible for 13 murders, some of whom were innocent people, killed during one of Clyde's many bungled robberies. Bonnie and Clyde lived out of their car, stealing new cars as often as possible, and lived off the money they stole from small grocery stores and gas stations. While Bonnie and Clyde sometimes robbed banks, they never managed to walk away with very much money. Bonnie and Clyde were desperate criminals, constantly fearing what they were sure was to come -- dying in a hail of bullets from a police ambush. Background of Bonnie Bonnie Parker was born on October 1, 1910 in Rowena, Texas as the second of three children to Henry and Emma Parker. The family lived somewhat comfortably off Henry Parker's job as a bricklayer, but when he died unexpectedly in 1914, Emma Parker moved the family in with her mother in the small town of Cement City, Texas (now part of Dallas). From all accounts, Bonnie Parker was beautiful. She stood 4' 11" and weighed a mere 90 pounds. She did well in school and loved to write poetry. ( Two poems that she wrote while on the run helped make her famous.) Bored with her average life, Bonnie dropped out of school at age 16 and married Roy Thornton. The marriage wasn't a happy one and Roy began to spend a lot of time away from home by 1927. Two years later, Roy was caught for robbery and sentenced to five years in prison. They never divorced. While Roy was away, Bonnie worked as a waitress; however, she was out of a job just as the Great Depression was really getting started at the end of 1929. Background of Clyde Clyde Barrow was born on March 24, 1909 in Telico, Texas as the sixth of eight children to Henry and Cummie Barrow. Clyde's parents were tenant farmers , often not making enough money to feed their children. During the rough times, Clyde was frequently sent to live with other relatives. When Clyde was 12-years old, his parents gave up tenant farming and moved to West Dallas where Henry opened up a gas station. At that time, West Dallas was a very rough neighborhood and Clyde fit right in. Clyde and his older brother, Marvin Ivan "Buck" Barrow, were often in trouble with the law for they were frequently stealing things like turkeys and cars. Clyde stood 5' 7" and weighed about 130 pounds. He had two serious girlfriends (Anne and Gladys) before he met Bonnie, but he never married. Bonnie and Clyde Meet In January 1930, Bonnie and Clyde met at a mutual friend's house. The attraction was instantaneous. A few weeks after they met, Clyde was sentenced to two years in prison for past c


Al Capone was finally nailed for what crime?

Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Capone’s Early Years in New York Alphonse Capone (1899–1947) was born in Brooklyn, New York , the son of recent Italian immigrants Gabriele and Teresina Capone. A poor family that came to America seeking a better life, the Capones and their eight children lived a typical immigrant lifestyle in a New York tenement. Capone’s father was as a barber, and his mother was a seamstress. There was nothing in Capone’s childhood or family life that could have predicted his rise to infamy as America’s most notorious gangster. Did You Know? Capone earned $60 million annually selling illegal liquor. Capone was a good student in his Brooklyn elementary school, but began falling behind and had to repeat the sixth grade. It was around that time that he started playing hooky and hanging out at the Brooklyn docks. One day, Capone’s teacher hit him for insolence and he struck back. The principal gave him a beating, and Capone never again returned to school. By this time, the Capones had moved out of the tenement to a better home in the outskirts of the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn. It was here that Capone would meet both his future wife, Mary (Mae) Coughlin, and his mob mentor, numbers racketeer Johnny Torrio. Capone Meets Johnny Torrio Torrio was running a numbers and gambling operation near Capone’s home when Capone began running small errands for him. Although Torrio left Brooklyn for Chicago in 1909, the two remained close. Early on, Capone stuck to legitimate employment, working in a munitions factory and as a paper cutter. He did spend some time among the street gangs in Brooklyn, but aside from occasional scrapes, his gang activities were mostly uneventful. In 1917, Torrio introduced Capone to the gangster Frankie Yale, who employed Capone as bartender and bouncer at the Harvard Inn in Coney Island. It was there that Capone earned his nickname “Scarface.” One night, he made an indecent remark to a woman at the bar. Her brother punched Capone, then slashed him across the face, leaving three indelible scars that inspired his enduring nickname. Capone in Chicago When Capone was 19, he married Mae Coughlin just weeks after the birth of their child, Albert Francis. His former boss and friend Johnny Torrio was the boy’s godfather. Now a husband and a father, Capone wanted to do right by his family, so he moved to Baltimore where he took an honest job as a bookkeeper for a construction company. But when Capone’s father died of a heart attack in 1920, Torrio invited him to come to Chicago. Capone jumped at the opportunity. In Chicago, Torrio was presiding over a booming business in gambling and prostitution, but with the enactment in 1920 of the 18th Amendment prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol, Torrio focused on a new, more lucrative field: bootlegging. As a former petty thug and bookkeeper, Capone brought both his street smarts and his expertise with numbers to Torrio’s Chicago operations. Torrio recognized Capone’s skills and quickly promoted him to partner. But unlike the low-profile Torrio, Capone began to develop a reputation as a drinker and rabble-rouser. After hitting a parked taxicab while driving drunk, he was arrested for the first time. Torrio quickly used his city government connections to get him off. Capone cleaned up his act when his family arrived from Brooklyn. His wife and son, along with his mother, younger brothers and sister all moved to Chicago, and Capone bought a modest house in the middle-class South Side. In 1923, when Chicago elected a reformist mayor who announced that he planned to rid the city of corruption, Torrio and Capone moved their base beyond the city limits to suburban Cicero. But a 1924 mayoral election in Cicero threatened their operations. To ensure they could continue doing business, Torrio and Capone initiated an intimidation effort on the day of the election, March 31, 1924, to guarantee their candidate would get elected. Some voters were even shot and killed. Chicago sent in police to respond, and they brutally gunned down Capo


Alkatraz Island San Francisco Bay San Francisco Hotels The history of the island includes military use as a fort, an army prison camp, a Native American peace community, and the location of  America's most dangerous criminals. The prison held Al Scarface Capone and Robert "The Birdman" Stroud. The island was featured in movies including  Escape from Alcatraz with Clint Eastwood and The Rock with Sean Connery. For prisoners, the worst torture was how close, but unattainable, was life in San  Francisco. At night, prisoners could even hear parties and laughter across the bay. The island is also a wildlife sanctuary with birds, and tide pools filled with crabs and sea-stars. Western gull and black-crowned heron  colonies are prevalent. Roses still grow by the old Warden's house. Here is what you will see on your visit to Alcatraz . Sarah writes, "Went to Alcatraz...kind of spiritual place not in a religious sense but felt like people from the past were  watching me....you listen to a walkman with recordings from inmates and wardens as you walk round and I nearly had a complete anxiety attack in the solitary  confinement cell ...what a bastard of a place to spend a decade or too.....too many good views of the city..so close yet so far away...went on a guided walk and  heard about the "great escapes" which was kind of cool...."


Which 20s gangland boss was nicknamed Scarface?

The Life and Crimes of Al Capone Updated February 29, 2016. Who Was Al Capone? Al Capone was a notorious gangster who ran an organized crime syndicate in Chicago during the 1920s, taking advantage of the era of Prohibition . Capone, who was both charming and charitable as well as powerful and vicious, became an iconic figure of the successful American gangster. Dates: January 17, 1899 -- January 25, 1947 Also Known As: Alphonse Capone, Scarface Al Capone's Childhood Al Capone was the fourth of nine children born to Gabriele and Teresina (Teresa) Capone. Although Capone's parents had emigrated from Italy, Al Capone grew up in Brooklyn, New York . From all known accounts, Capone's childhood was a normal one. His father was a barber and his mother stayed home with the children. They were a tight-knit Italian family who were trying to succeed in their new country. Like many immigrant families at the time, the Capone children often dropped out of school early to help earn money for the family. Al Capone stayed in school until he was 14 and then left to take a number of odd jobs. continue reading below our video The St. Valentine's Day Massacre Around the same time, Capone joined a street gang called the South Brooklyn Rippers and then later the Five Points Juniors. These were groups of teenagers who roamed the streets, protected their turf from rival gangs, and sometimes carried out petty crimes like stealing cigarettes. Scarface It was through the Five Points gang that Al Capone came to the attention of brutal New York mobster Frankie Yale. In 1917, 18-year-old Al Capone went to work for Yale at the Harvard Inn as a bartender and as a waiter and bouncer when needed. Capone watched and learned as Yale used violence to maintain control over his empire. One day while working at the Harvard Inn, Capone saw a man and woman sitting at a table. After his initial advances were ignored, Capone went up to the good-looking woman and whispered in her ear, "Honey, you have a nice ass and I mean that as a compliment." The man with her was her brother, Frank Gallucio. Defending his sister's honor, Gallucio punched Capone. However, Capone didn't let it end there; he decided to fight back. Gallucio then took out a knife and slashed at Capone's face, managing to cut Capone's left cheek three times (one of which cut Capone from ear to mouth). The scars left from this attack led to Capone's nickname of "Scarface," a name he personally hated. Family Life Not long after this attack, Al Capone met Mary ("Mae") Coughlin, who was pretty, blonde, middle-class, and came from a respectable Irish family. A few months after they started dating, Mae became pregnant. Al Capone and Mae got married on December 30, 1918, three weeks after their son (Albert Francis Capone, a.k.a. "Sonny") was born. Sonny was to remain Capone's only child. Throughout the rest of his life, Al Capone kept his family and his business interests completely separate. Capone was a doting father and husband, taking great care in keeping his family safe, cared for, and out of the spotlight. However, despite his love for his family, Capone did have a number of mistresses over the years. Plus, unknown to him at the time, Capone contracted syphilis from a prostitute before he met Mae. Since the symptoms of syphilis can disappear quickly, Capone had no idea that he still had the sexually transmitted disease or that it would so greatly affect his health in later years. Capone Moves to Chicago About 1920, Capone left the East Coast and headed to Chicago. He was looking for a fresh start working for Chicago crime boss Johnny Torrio. Unlike Yale who used violence to run his racket, Torrio was a sophisticated gentleman who preferred cooperation and negotiation to rule his crime organization. Capone was to learn a lot from Torrio. Capone started out in Chicago as a manager for the Four Deuces, a place where clients could drink and gamble downstairs or visit prostitutes upstairs. Capone did well in this position and worked hard to earn Torrio's respect. Soon Torrio had increasingly important jobs


Where is the Valley of the Kings, the scene of a terrorist attack in 1997?

70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - The New York Times The New York Times World |70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple Search Continue reading the main story At least 70 people, including 60 foreign tourists, were killed outside a 3,400-year-old temple here this morning, in what Government officials called the deadliest attack by Islamic militants in their five-year campaign to overthrow the Egyptian Government. While the militants had attacked foreigners in the past, today's strike brought the violence for the first time to the tombs and temples here that have attracted so many visitors in recent years that Luxor had come to resemble a Pharaonic theme park. At 8:45 this morning, as tourists left their buses and walked toward a staircase leading to the Temple of Hatshepsut, they ran into what was apparently a carefully planned ambush by six gunmen who concealed themselves in the structure. The battle between militants and the police that followed sent gunfire crackling for three hours among the sites on the west bank of the Nile, which is home to the famed Valley of the Kings and the tomb of Tutankhamen. Egyptian authorities said all six attackers were killed. Continue reading the main story Egypt's Interior Ministry said the dead among the tourists included Swiss, Germans and Japanese. The British Foreign Office said six Britons were among the victims. United States officials said they had not been told that any Americans were among the dead. Advertisement Continue reading the main story The massacre seemed bound to exact a heavy toll on an economy that depends heavily on foreign tourism. Only last month, the temple was the scene of a gala moonlight performance of Verdi's opera ''Aida'' sponsored by the Egyptian Government, which has been trying to draw even more tourists to Luxor. The total is now two million a year. Tonight, a very different mood was cast by the flashing red light of a solitary police vehicle that stood watch outside the massive structure, which is partly carved into a limestone cliff. Armed policemen barred reporters from the scene and from a nearby hospital that had been turned into a mortuary for the victims. Hours after the early-morning attack, the details of what happened remained imprecise. The Government gave no breakdown by nationality of those who were killed, and it did not say whether any group had taken responsibility for the attack. But an Egyptian taxi driver wounded in the shooting said in a hospital here tonight that the attackers had worn red headbands identifying them as members of the Islamic Group, the largest of the militant organizations fighting to topple the Government of President Hosni Mubarak and replace it with an Islamic state. Reuters and Agence France- Presse quoted reports that pamphlets left at the scene of the attack appeared to link it to the Islamic Group. And Egypt's official television referred to the attackers as ''terrorist elements.'' President Hosni Mubarak convened an emergency meeting of his Cabinet tonight. Mr. Mubarak made no public statement, but the Tourism Minister, Mamdou el-Beltagi, told reporters at a travel fair in London that he felt ''shock and sorrow'' at ''this cowards' crime committed against our guests and Egyptians as well.'' The minister was quoted as saying that the Government was doing all it could to protect tourists, but added that it was too early to predict the impact of the massacre on Egypt's $3 billion-a-year tourism industry. According to accounts by several witnesses, the attack began as a group of tourists who had just arrived by bus began to walk from a parking lot toward a broad stairway leading into the three-level temple, built as the resting place of the Egyptian Queen Hatshepsut, who ruled from 1492 to 1458 B.C. Some witnesses, including the taxi driver, Badawi Ahmed Salam, 33, said the assailants had opened fire from several levels of the temple, first killing police guards and then turning their guns upon tourists. Advertisement Continue reading the main story The Interior Ministry said the six assailants had been armed with


Read More in Wild West Magazine Subscribe online and save nearly 40%!!! In May 1913, a Missouri carpenter named Francis M. Lowe was arrested in La Paz on suspicion of being George Parker (Butch’s real name, according to the Pinkertons’ wanted posters). With the aid of the American Legation, Lowe established that his was a case of mistaken identity. In filing a report on the matter, an official at the legation advised U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan that ‘certain Englishmen and others here assert that a man known as George Parker [whom the La Paz police were seeking] had been killed in one of the provinces two or three years ago while resisting’ arrest. Shortly before Lowe was detained, William A. Pinkerton had heard about the San Vicente shootout, but had dismissed ‘the whole story as a fake.’ The agency never officially called off the search for Butch and Sundance. Indeed, in 1921, Mr. Pinkerton told an agent that ‘the last we heard of [the Sundance Kid]…he was in jail in Peru for an attempted bank robbery. Butch Cassidy had been with him but got away and is supposed to have returned to the Argentine.’ Needless to say, the Pinkertons never caught up with the pair. This article was written by Anne Meadows and Daniel Buck and originally appeared in the February 1997 issue of Wild West. For more great articles, order your subscription of Wild West magazine today! Featured Article Cassidy: I’m Butch Cassidy. Powers: Well, what can I do for you? Cassidy: I’ll tell you. There’s a heap of charges out against me and considerable money offered for me in rewards. I’m getting sick of hiding out; always on the run and never able to stay long in one place. Now, when it comes to facts, I’ve kept close track of things and I know there ain’t a man left in the country who can go on the stand and identify me for any crime. All of them have either died or gone away. I’ve been thinking. Why can’t I go and just give myself up and stand trial on one of those old charges? Powers: No use. You’ve robbed too many big corporations in your time. I do not doubt what you say, but if you were ever to go on trial you can depend on it, some one of those companies would bring someone to the stand who’d swear against you. No, you’ll have to keep on the run, I’m afraid. In substance, the two versions vary little, and had either author paraphrased the conversation, the slight differences would have likely gone unnoticed. However, both Kelly and Greene chose to report the conversation verbatim. Even then, the most notable difference concerns how Butch Cassidy was dressed. Kelly says ‘well-dressed,’ which suggests city clothes, while Greene says ‘overalls and a blue denim jumper,’ as if Cassidy had recently come off the trail. Granted, this is a minor inconsistency, but it does raise one’s curiosity. Something else in Kelly’s version is bothersome. He says Butch introduced himself to Powers as ‘George’ LeRoy Parker. Cassidy’s real name was Robert LeRoy Parker, a fact later verified by his family and by church records. It’s true that during his outlaw career Butch did use the name George Cassidy, and throughout his book Charles Kelly mistakenly refers to him as George. However, if Butch chose to bare his soul to Powers and seek his help, would he not have used his real name? Again, this minor discrepancy would mean little if it were not that Kelly was purporting to provide a verbatim account of the meeting. Partly because of this slip, I chose Greene’s version over Kelly’s for my book on Cassidy, reducing Kelly’s account to an endnote reference. Another reason I favored Greene is that he had been a contemporary of Cassidy’s and might have even known him personally. What’s more, it’s rumored that Greene was related by marriage to the John Simpson family, who were Butch’s neighbors and close friends when he had his ranch near Dubois, Wyo. As minor as these discrepancies were, I couldn’t let them alone, so recently I dug a little deeper into the matter, hoping to find the source (or sources) of the two accounts. Thanks to a tip from Wild Bunch wri


Irish Olympic champion Michelle smith was suspended in 1999 over drug allegations in which sport?

Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin's Records - Swimming World News Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin’s Records By Craig Lord THE names Michelle Smith and Michelle Smith de Bruin are to be locked in a trunk and left to gather dust in the dungeons of Irish swimming history in a carefully worded new constitution that bars suspended swimmers from holding records and will confine the triple Olympic champion to a century past. Smith de Bruin, serving a four-year suspension for tampering with a drug test sample, will effectively become a non-person when Swim Ireland launches its own Year Zero on January 1, 2000. The new governing body for the sport has called on current record holders to apply for their records to be included in a new book of records from that date. Ireland’s greatest Olympian can apply. However, the 26 Irish records that the shamed swimmer set since 1994 – including the three she set to win three Olympic titles in Atlanta in 1996 after she married suspended Dutch athlete Erik de Bruin – will not be eligible for inclusion, the constitution clearly stating that those swimmers who were or are suspended by FINA, the international governing body, will not be considered. A FINA source said that the new records established by Swim Ireland, as the affiliated member, would become official. If that were the case, the times set by Smith to win her three Olympic titles would no longer be registered in the official world rankings book as Irish records but would still be included on the list of the all-time fastest 25 performances. Those would remain the only references to Smith’s career from January 1, the only international record she ever set, the European short-course record in the 200m butterfly, having been broken by Denmark’s Mette Jacobsen at the world short-course championships in April. Swim Ireland’s break with the past represents a final humiliation for Smith de Bruin in Ireland, coming as it does on the coat-tails of the scandal over Derry O’Rourke, a former coach to Smith and the national team, who was jailed for sex crimes and whose case prompted a Government inquiry into Irish swimming that led to the disbanding of the federation. Swim Ireland is the replacement body. Smith was not involved in the O’Rourke court case. Sean Gordon, the Irish recorder, has long called for Smith de Bruin’s records to be annulled on the basis that no Irish woman would “be able to break a swimming record for the next 30 years”. When Irish freestyler Nick O’Hare said on Irish radio recently that Irish girls would come along and break Smith de Bruin’s records, it was Gordon, tongue firmly in cheek, who invited O’Hare to attempt to break the Olympian’s 400m freestyle time himself. Only two men in Ireland have ever swum faster that Smith de Bruin over distance freestyle events. One Irish woman, Chantal Gibney, has in fact, broken one of Smith’s records, the rarely raced 50m freestyle short-course. Smith de Bruin never raced the event in serious competition, prompting Gordon to say: “She could have broken Chantal’s record with her overcoat on.” Previous attempts to strip Smith de Bruin of her records since she was suspended from the sport last year for placing alcohol in a urine sample that subsequently proved to contain the banned steroid Androstenedione, seemed futile, there being no legal argument against the fact that the swimmer set her records before she was suspended. Swim Ireland appears to have bypassed the problem by simply setting up a new book. Such a move is unprecedented in international swimming, where records set by East Germans and Chinese who served drug suspensions sit yet as gruesome reminders of a drug-fuelled past. There is, nonetheless, precedent in Irish swimming; the record books for juniors were started afresh a few years ago after a change to the age structure of youth competitions. Smith de Bruin, to whose home a copy of the new constitution was faxed this past week, is understood to be keen to challenge Swim Ireland’s new constitution, which was drawn up under legal advice by the 14-person exe


Colombian underworld boss Pablo Escobar dealt in what commodity?

Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo Escobar and the Failed War on Drugs | The Daily Bell Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo Escobar and the Failed War on Drugs By Anthony Wile - July 13, 2014 Introduction: Roberto Escobar Gaviria, an entrepreneur in Colombia, is the brother of the late Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar, and former chief accountant, "right-hand man and administrative brains" of the Escobar operation (Whitewash: Pablo Escobar and the Cocaine Wars, p 23). Roberto spent more than 11 years in a maximum-security prison in Itagüi, south of Medellin, Colombia. Escobar is author of The Accountant's Sto ry: Inside the Violent World of the Medellin Cartel: The True Story of Pablo Escobar (2009), Escobar: The Inside Story of Pablo Escobar, the World's Most Powerful Criminal (2009) and Mi Hermano Pablo (2008). While Roberto was becoming a world-class cyclist as a young man, eventually winning numerous national and international medals, coach of the Colombian national cycling team and opening his own bicycle factory, Pablo was embarking on a life of crime. From stealing tombstones in his youth and smuggling contraband, he eventually began smuggling cocaine paste from Peru into Colombia where it was processed. After taking over the existing operations of murdered drug lord Fabio Restrepo, the Medellin cartel's operations eventually expanded into exporting cocaine internationally, including into the US. Roberto reluctantly joined Pablo in the drug smuggling business – out of necessity, says Roberto – when the government began pursuing extended family members who were not involved in Pablo's business, even imprisoning Roberto's wife at one time. Roberto Escobar told the Irish Times in 2009, "I managed the telephones, the books. I never got involved in terrorism, or killings, and I criticised [Pablo] many times for that." In 1989, Pablo Escobar was listed by Forbes as the 7th richest man in the world, his fortune of an estimated $25 billion amassed through control of as much as 80% of the world's cocaine traffic. Forbes wrote: [Pablo] Escobar's biography from the 1987 inaugural Forbes Billionaires issue reads like a how-to guide for ambitious, P.R.-savvy entrepreneurs: from a lowly position as smuggler, enforcer and bodyguard, Escobar worked his way to the top, first by saving enough money to invest in his own cocaine business. By 1978, Escobar was moving about 35 kilos of coke a month out of Medellin. He took over a Medellin newspaper, became influential in politics, and successfully ran for public office. He built houses for the poor, soccer fields, and a zoo for the public. Eventually, he was indicted on charges of cocaine marketing, money laundering, and contract killing. In 1987, Escobar controlled an estimated 40% of the Medellin drug cartel's business, and had accumulated at least $3 billion over the years, Forbes reported. Escobar remained on the Forbes Billionaires List for seven years, appearing for the final time in the July 1993 Billionaires issue. Five months later he was killed. When the Escobars ran out of banks in which to store their fortune they resorted to hiding cash in homes, ranches and warehouses and burying it in the ground. Roberto has written the organization spent as much as $2,500 each month just on rubber bands to hold together the endless stacks of money and that much of the fortune – they wrote off 10% each year to spoilage – was lost to rot and rats. Much of the cash, according to Roberto, has never been retrieved since Pablo's December 2, 1993 death on the roof of his home, either from a hail of law enforcement bullets or at his own hand – the stories differ depending on the source. Roberto says Pablo had long insisted 'a grave in Colombia is better than a prison in the US' and intended to kill himself rather than being extradited to the US on murder and drug trafficking charges. As chief accountant with intimate knowledge of the cartel's financial details, Roberto described in The Accountant's Story the inner workings of their drug trafficking empire. Th