What modern system of a very old messaging method entails red and yellow ('Oscar') at sea, and white and blue ('Papa') on land?

Re-Purposing An Outmoded Communication Method Re-Purposing An Outmoded Communication Method Sunday, 18 April 2010 Sematext Sematext incorporates text messaging with semaphore flags. A text message gets sent to a persons Sematext machine, which will repeat the message with its flags. A separate machine analyses the movement of the flags and interprets the message and prints out a translation for the receiver: Here is a video of Sematext in practice: As you can see there are many disadvantages with this method of communicating, which is why we stick to the simple way of texting. Sematext is a much more long-winded way and you won't be able to understand the message unless you learn how to understand semaphore, or buy an interpreter, which would cost more. Even then, you won't know if you've got a message unless you carry the machine around with you, which isn't very portable, especially if you need the interpreter aswel. I think this project has went well. I have research old methods of communicating and tried to modernise one of them. Even though the outcome isn't very practical, it is still a working solution. Posted by From Old To New From looking at those old methods of communication, I can see that technology-wise, we have come a long way. These days, we have swapped pigeon messaging for text messaging and instead of smoke signals, we leave status updates on Facebook and Twitter. My task is to modernise an out-dated form of communication, similar to those examples. Instead of using a real pigeon, how about a robotic one? I don't necessarily have to modernise something that old either. I could take things such as the mobile phone to another level (even though it can pretty much do anything these days). Now it's time to get my thinking cap on and perhaps brainstorm some ideas. Posted by Steam Punk "Steampunk is a sub-genre of science fiction and speculative fiction, frequently featuring elements of fantasy, that came into prominence in the 1980s and early 1990s. The term denotes works set in an era or world where steam power is still widely used — usually the 19th century, and often Victorian era England — but with prominent elements of either science fiction or fantasy, such as fictional technological inventions like those found in the works of H. G. Wells and Jules Verne, or real technological developments like the computer occurring at an earlier date. Other examples of steampunk contain alternate history-style presentations of "the path not taken" of such technology as dirigibles, analog computers, or digital mechanical computers. These frequently are presented in an idealized light, or with a presumption of functionality. Steampunk is often associated with cyberpunk and shares a similar fanbase and theme of rebellion, but developed as a separate movement (though both have considerable influence on each other). Apart from time period and level of technological development, the main difference between cyberpunk and steampunk is that steampunk settings usually tend to be less obviously dystopian than cyberpunk, or lack dystopian elements entirely. Various modern utilitarian objects have been modded by individual artisans into a pseudo-Victorian mechanical "steampunk" style, and a number of visual and musical artists have been described as steampunk." Posted by Semaphore Flags "Semaphore Flags are a system for conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags, rods, disks, paddles, or occasionally bare or gloved hands. Information is encoded by the position of the flags; it is read when the flag is in a fixed position. Semaphores were adopted and widely used (with hand-held flags replacing the mechanical arms of shutter semaphores) in the maritime world in the early 1800s. Semaphore signals were used, for example, at the Battle of Trafalgar. This was the period in which the modern naval semaphore system was invented. This system uses hand-held flags. It is still used during underway replenishment at sea and is acceptable for emergency communication in daylight or, using li


Issue 214 by East Cork Journal (page 50) - issuu issuu 44 Wednesday, October 26th, 2011 - The East Cork Journal PUZZLES The Puzzler WIN 2TICKETS FOR... All Mixed Up TEL. (021) 4630066 WITH OUR 3 21 23 Congratulations to last week’s winner: CHARLOTTE GRYZBOWSKI, COBH ACROSS 1. Invade (6) 3. Billie Jo, singer (6) 6. Large gun (6) 7. Flour/egg mixture (6) 8. Ecclesiastical council (5) 10. Jimmy, TV soccer pundit (7) 14. Patron saint of travellers (11) 17. Montevideo’s country (7) 19. Fine cotton thread (5) 20. Ricochet (6) 21. Comrade (6) 22. Cook gently (6) 23. Evade (6) DOWN 1. Indict (6) 2. Throng (5) 4. Woodworking tool (5) 5. Emphasise (6) 9. India’s first PM (5) 11. Chess piece (4) 12. Swerves (5) 13. Continent (4) 15. Toadstool, mushroom eg (6) 16. Hawk, sell (6) 18. Relation (5) 19. Rules (anag) (5) ANSWERS TO LAST WEEK’S CROSSWORD: ACROSS: 1. Consumer 5. Hump 7. Mite 8. Literate 9. Dealer 12. Despise 15. Mangled 19. Lennox 21. Planning 22. Wadi 23. Ease 24.Saturate. DOWN: 1. Comedy 2. Steel 3. Molar 4. Rattle 5.Hard up 6. Please 10. Amen 11. Evil 12. Dud 13.Safe 14. Iran 15. Magpie 16. Grange 17. Envies 18. Excite 19. Light 20. Newer. Name: ______________________________ Address: ____________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Tel (mobile):______________________________ Home:_______________________________ Entries to East Cork Journal, 1st Floor, Watersedge, Riverside Way, Midleton E H Test your concentration with this word ladder L E F T S I L K Five Minutes - Five Questions 1. The terms biconvex, biconcave, positive meniscus, negative meniscus, and plano-convex refer to types of what? 2. What island is noted for its biodiversity and 80% unique wildlife due to more than 80 million years' isolation from continental land mass? 3. On a standard piano what normally is the lowest note? 4. What is Julia Donaldson's hugely successful character and book, based on a Chinese folk tale of a fox that borrows the terror of a tiger? 5. What childplay and teaching-aid modelling product did William Harbutt devise and produce in 1900, in an old flour mill near Bath, UK? Answer to last week’s Medium 2 ANSWERS TO WORDGAMES: 1. NIGHTWEAR 2. LIFT LILT SILT ANSWERS: 1. Lens 2. Madagascar 3. A 4. The Gruffalo 5. Plasticine 1 Find the 9 letter word hidden in this word wheel Answer to last week’s Difficult Tea-Break Crossword SUDOKU


What controlled recreational drug has the chemical formula C20H26N2O?

EMCDDA | Hallucinogenic mushrooms profile (chemistry, effects, other names (magic mushrooms, shrooms…), origin, mode of use, other names, medical use, control status) Further reading Photo: istockphoto ‘Hallucinogenic mushrooms’ is the name commonly given to psychoactive fungi, containing hallucinogenic compounds, most commonly psilocybin and psilocin. At low doses, hallucinogenic drugs have as their primary effects perceptual distortions and alterations of thought, or mood, with the presence of lucid awareness and minimal effects on memory and orientation. Despite their name, the use of hallucinogenic drugs rarely results in true hallucinations . The hallucinogens are a chemically diverse class. Grouping the hallucinogens based on their chemical structure includes, but is not limited to, three major classes: indolealkylamines or tryptamines (e.g. LSD , psilocybine and psilocin), phenethylamines , including mescaline and methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA ); and cannabinoids. Chemistry Psilocybin (PY, 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is the main psychoactive principle of hallucinogenic mushrooms. After ingestion, psilocybin is converted into the pharmacologically active form psilocin. Psilocin itself is also present in the mushroom, but in smaller amounts. Psilocybin and psilocin are both indolealkylamines and structurally similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT). Besides psilocybin and psilocin, two further tryptamines — baeocystin and norbaeocystin — could also be present but are thought to be less active than the former two. Psilocybin (psilocybine, psilocibina, psilocybinum, psylosybiini) ( CAS -number: 520-52-5) is 4-phosphoryloxy-NN-dimethyltryptamine. According to IUPAC , the fully systematic chemical name is [3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate. Psilocybin is the dihydrogen phospate of psilocin. Psilocybin is soluble in water, moderately soluble in methanol and ethanol, and insoluble in most organic solvents. Psilocybin is a prodrug of psilocin, in vivo the molecule is metabolised into psilocin by dephosphorylation. Molecular structure of psilocybin Molecular formula: C12H17N204P Molecular weight: 284.3 g/mol Psilocin (psilocine, psilocyn) ( CAS -number 520-53-6) is 4-hydroxy-NN-dimethyltryptamine (4-OH-DMT) or alternatively 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)indol-4-ol. According to IUPAC , the fully systematic chemical name is 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-ol. Psilocin is an isomer of bufotenine , it differs only in the position of the hydroxylgroup. Psilocin is relatively unstable in solution. Under alkaline conditions in the presence of oxygen it immediately forms bluish and black degradation products. Molecular structure of psilocin top of page Physical form Hallucinogenic mushrooms are available in fresh form, treated/preserved (e.g. deliberately dried, cooked, frozen) or even as dry powders or capsules. The fungi containing psilocybin and psilocin mainly belong to the genuses Psilocybe, Panaeolus and Copelandia and their number exceeds 50 species. Most of the mushrooms containing psilocybin are small brown or tan mushrooms. In the wild, these mushrooms are easily mistaken for any number of non-psychoactive, inedible, or poisonous mushrooms. This makes them difficult, and potentially hazardous, to identify. Because it is difficult to distinguish non-psilocybin species from the hallucinogenic ones by morphological observation in the wild, psilocybin-containing mushrooms may also be easily ingested unintentionally. Hallucinogenic mushrooms resemble the common store mushroom Agaricus bisporus, although the flesh of Psilocybe mushrooms characteristically turns blue or green when bruised or cut. An identification method based on a genetic approach has been developed. A different species of mushroom, Amanita muscaria (fly agaric), produces a state of delirium that also includes hallucinations, but its primary active agents are muscimol and ibotenic acid . top of page Pharmacology Psilocin mainly interacts with 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes:


Light travels at its fastest in what medium?

How Does Light Travel? - Universe Today   Universe Today by Matt Williams Ever since Democritus – a Greek philosopher who lived between the 5th and 4th century’s BCE – argued that all of existence was made up of tiny indivisible atoms, scientists have been speculating as to the true nature of light. Whereas scientists ventured back and forth between the notion that light was a particle or a wave until the modern, the 20th century led to breakthroughs that showed that it behaves as both. These included the discovery of the electron, the development of quantum theory, and Einstein’s Theory of Relativity . However, there remains many fascinating and unanswered questions when it comes to light, many of which arise from its dual nature. For instance, how is it that light can be apparently without mass, but still behave as a particle? And how can it behave like a wave and pass through a vacuum, when all other waves require a medium to propagate? Theory of Light to the 19th Century: During the Scientific Revolution, scientists began moving away from Aristotelian scientific theories that had been seen as accepted canon for centuries. This included rejecting Aristotle’s theory of light, which viewed it as being a disturbance in the air (one of his four “elements” that composed matter), and embracing the more mechanistic view that light was composed of indivisible atoms. In many ways, this theory had been previewed by atomists of Classical Antiquity – such as Democritus and Lucretius – both of whom viewed light as a unit of matter given off by the sun. By the 17th century, several scientists emerged who accepted this view, stating that light was made up of discrete particles (or “corpuscles”). This included Pierre Gassendi, a contemporary of René Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, Robert Boyle, and most famously, Sir Isaac Newton . The first edition of Newton’s Opticks: or, a treatise of the reflexions, refractions, inflexions and colours of light (1704). Credit: Public Domain. Newton’s corpuscular theory was an elaboration of his view of reality as an interaction of material points through forces. This theory would remain the accepted scientific view for more than 100 years, the principles of which were explained in his 1704 treatise “ Opticks, or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light “. According to Newton, the principles of light could be summed as follows: Every source of light emits large numbers of tiny particles known as corpuscles in a medium surrounding the source. These corpuscles are perfectly elastic, rigid, and weightless. This represented a challenge to “wave theory”, which had been advocated by 17th century Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens . . These theories were first communicated in 1678 to the Paris Academy of Sciences and were published in 1690 in his “ Traité de la lumière “ (“Treatise on Light“). In it, he argued a revised version of Descartes views, in which the speed of light is infinite and propagated by means of spherical waves emitted along the wave front. Double-Slit Experiment: By the early 19th century, scientists began to break with corpuscular theory. This was due in part to the fact that corpuscular theory failed to adequately explain the diffraction, interference and polarization of light, but was also because of various experiments that seemed to confirm the still-competing view that light behaved as a wave. The most famous of these was arguably the Double-Slit Experiment , which was originally conducted by English polymath Thomas Young in 1801 (though Sir Isaac Newton is believed to have conducted something similar in his own time). In Young’s version of the experiment, he used a slip of paper with slits cut into it, and then pointed a light source at them to measure how light passed through it. According to classical (i.e. Newtonian) particle theory, the results of the experiment should have corresponded to the slits, the impacts on the screen appearing in two vertical lines. Instead, the results showed that the coherent beams of light were interfering, creatin


What is the traditional primary ingredient of coleslaw (also slaw in the US)?

Traditional Cole Slaw Traditional Cole Slaw by David Page, Barbara Shinn from Fine Cooking Issue 34 Last Edit Date:        6/5/2015 2:22:25 PM This colorful cabbage slaw is the perfect companion to barbecued ribs, burgers on the grill, and fried chicken. more about: 1/2 head Savoy or Dutch white cabbage, shredded (about 4-1/2 cups) 2 cups water 2 medium carrots, shredded (about 1 cup) 7 scallions, finely chopped (about 2/3 cup) 3 Tbs. apple-cider vinegar 3 to 4 Tbs. sour cream 1/2 tsp. celery seed 1/2 tsp. caraway seed Salt and freshly ground pepper to taste In a medium stainless-steel bowl, soak the cabbage in the water and salt for half an hour. Drain the cabbage, rinse it, and drain any excess water. Toss the cabbage with the remaining ingredients and refrigerate for 1 to 2 hours to allow the flavors to meld. Let stand at room temperature for 15 minutes before serving. nutrition information (per serving): Size :            per 1/2 cup, Calories (kcal):            20, Fat (kcal):            0.5, Fat Calories (g):            5, Saturated Fat (g):            0.5, Protein (g):            1, Monounsaturated Fat (g):            0, Carbohydrates (mg):            4, Polyunsaturated Fat (mg):            0, Sodium (g):            125, Cholesterol (g):            0, Fiber (g):            1, Photo: Steve Hunter RATE IT! by MadameLasagna, 7/4/2015 I used red and green cabbage. The red cabbage looks pretty and adds a nice bit of heat. I also used 1 Tbsp more vinegar and a few more dollops of sour cream. Really delicious! by VYinLA, 7/6/2014 Promising but a bit too mild for my tastes. I used some purple cabbage and the green/purple/orange was pretty. Not fully convinced on softening the cabbage. Next time I'd make it more "sweet/sour" or maybe add a little spiciness like the other reviewer suggested. by cherry, 8/31/2010 Very easy to make and probably the best cole slaw we've ever had! Since we like it spicy, the second time I made it we added a teaspoon of vietnamese hot chili garlic sauce and a tablespoon of whole grain mustard. It was simply divine with our smoked BBQ ribs!! by Florida_Will, 4/10/2009 Superb as is. Even the finicky slaw eaters asked for more. Thanks for a fool proof recipe. Make it Tonight


In maths (also meaning womb, and a popular movie series) what is a rectangular series of quantities in rows and columns?

square on point definition | English definition dictionary | Reverso 1    a plane geometric figure having four equal sides and four right angles      Compare     →   rectangle     →   rhombus   2    any object, part, or arrangement having this or a similar shape   a square of carpet, a square on a chess board      3    cap when part of name   an open area in a town, sometimes including the surrounding buildings, which may form a square   4      (Maths)   the product of two equal factors; the second power   9 is the square of 3, written 32      5    an instrument having two strips of wood, metal, etc., set in the shape of a T or L, used for constructing or testing right angles   6      (Cricket)   the closely-cut area in the middle of a ground on which wickets are prepared   7    a body of soldiers drawn up in the form of a square   8      (Rowing)   the position of the blade of an oar perpendicular to the surface of the water just before and during a stroke   9    Informal   a person who is old-fashioned in views, customs, appearance, etc   10      (Astrology)   an aspect of about 90° between two planets, etc      Compare     →   conjunction     →   5     →   opposition     →   9     →   trine     →   1   11    Obsolete   a standard, pattern, or rule   12   ♦ back to square one   indicating a return to the starting-point of an investigation, experiment, etc., because of failure, lack of progress, etc.   13   ♦ on the square   c    Informal   honestly and openly   d    Slang   a phrase identifying someone as a Freemason   he is on the square      14   ♦ out of square   a    not at right angles or not having a right angle   b    not in order or agreement         adj   15    being a square in shape   16    having or forming one or more right angles or being at right angles to something   17    square or rectangular in section   a square bar      a    prenominal   denoting a measure of area of any shape   a circle of four square feet      b    immediately postpositive   denoting a square having a specified length on each side   a board four feet square contains 16 square feet      19    fair and honest (esp. in the phrase a square deal)   20    straight, even, or level   a square surface      21      (Cricket)   at right angles to the wicket   square leg      22      (Soccer, hockey, etc.)   in a straight line across the pitch   a square pass      23      (Nautical)   (of the sails of a square-rigger) set at right angles to the keel   24    Informal   old-fashioned in views, customs, appearance, etc.   25    stocky or sturdy   26    postpositive   having no remaining debts or accounts to be settled   27    (of a horse's gait) sound, steady, or regular   28    prenominal   unequivocal or straightforward   a square contradiction      29    postpositive   neat and tidy   30      (Maths)   (of a matrix) having the same number of rows and columns   31   ♦ all square   on equal terms; even in score   32   ♦ square peg (in a round hole)   Informal   a person or thing that is a misfit, such as an employee in a job for which he is unsuited         vb   mainly tr   33    to make into a square or similar shape   34      (Maths)   to raise (a number or quantity) to the second power   35    to test or adjust for deviation with respect to a right angle, plane surface, etc.   36    sometimes foll by: off   to divide into squares   37    to position so as to be rectangular, straight, or level   square the shoulders      38    sometimes foll by: up   to settle (debts, accounts, etc.)   39    to level (the score) in a game, etc   40    also intr; often foll by: with   to agree or cause to agree   your ideas don't square with mine      41      (Rowing)   to turn (an oar) perpendicular to the surface of the water just before commencing a stroke   42    (in canoeing) to turn (a paddle) perpendicular to the direction of the canoe at the commencement of a stroke      Compare     →   feather     →   15   43    to arrange (something), esp. by a corrupt method or come to an arrangement with (someone), as by bribery   44   ♦ square the circle   to att


What mainly microscopic life-form takes its name from the Greek word plagktos, meaning wandering?

Microbiology101506 Biology I Biology is Organic Chemistry and Chemistry is about Atoms and Molecules ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Organic compounds contain carbon.ï¿½ Large organic molecules are called Monomers. Polymersï¿½ are strings of Monomers, like pearls on a necklace.ï¿½ Polymersï¿½ can be digested by hydolysis (water break), the reversal of dehydration.ï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Carbohydrates include sugar, monosaccharides are simple sugar; disaccharides are double sugar; Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar units.ï¿½ Glucose & Fructose are isomers that have the same molecular formula but their atoms are arranged differently. Glucose is to cells what gasoline is to an engine, given to ambulance patients.ï¿½ Beer, candy, milk, malts are double sugars.ï¿½ Starch & grain are examples of Polysaccrarides, excess is stored in liver and muscle cells.ï¿½ Plants store glucose as starch.ï¿½ Animals store glucose as glycogen in muscles for physical activity. Starch can be converted to Glycogen.ï¿½ï¿½ Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Prokaryotes, ancient cells, in a cowï¿½s digestive tract can convert cellulose to a digestible form ï¿½ the by product of this chemical action is large amounts of methane. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Lipids are hydrophobic ( water-fearing) whereas Carbohydrates are hydrophilic (water loving), ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Fats consist largely of triglycerides, saturated and unsaturated.ï¿½ Broken chains are unsaturated, but can by be ï¿½hydrogenatedï¿½ and made saturated.ï¿½ Vegetable oils & fish are unsaturated.ï¿½ Plant oils as coco butter are saturated. ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Steroids include cholesterol, testosterone & estrogen.ï¿½ At right water fearing and water loving amino acids. ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The human body has tens of thousands of different kinds of Proteins which is a polymer constructed of amino acid monomers.ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The thousands of kinds of proteins are made from just 20 kinds of amino acids by varying the sequence of codes.ï¿½ Polypeptide chains, proteins, has a chain sequence specified by an inherited gene.ï¿½ These codes are stored in nucleic acid molecules. ï¿½ ï¿½ Nucleic acids are polymers called Nucleotides.ï¿½ Each DNA nucleotide, above left,ï¿½ has one of the following four bases shown at right:ï¿½ Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T). ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Nucleic acids are information storage molecules that provide the directions for building proteins.ï¿½ The name nuclei comes from their location in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells (subsequently described).ï¿½ï¿½ Each nucleotide monomer consists of three parts: a sugar, a phosphate & a nitrogenous base.ï¿½ There are two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNAï¿½ The genetic material humans and other organisms inherit from their parents, consists of giant molecules of DNA. Within the DNA are genes, specific stretches of DNA that program the amino acid sequences (primary structure) of proteins. Those programmed instructions, however, are written in a kind of chemical code that must be translated from "nucleic acid language" to "protein language." A cell's RNA molecules help translate. ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ (a) A DNA strand is a polymer of nucleotides linked into a backbone, with appendages consisting of the bases. A strand has a specific sequence of the four bases, abbreviated A, G , C, and T. (b)ï¿½ A double helix consists of two DNA stands held together by bonds between bases.ï¿½ The bonds are individually weak ï¿½ but they zip thi tow stands together with a cumulative strength that gies the double helix itï¿½s stability. The base pairing si specific: A always pairs with T; G always pairs with C. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The above right RNA nucleotide differs from the previous DNA nucleotide as it has nitrogenous base Uracil (U) in place of (T).ï¿½ï¿½ RNA is usually found in single strand only while DNA is a double strand helix. ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï


The nautical term fo'c'sle (pronounced foxel) is a common shortening of what word referring to the forward part of a ship where sailors live?

Sailing Terms   Sailing Terms Please enjoy this nautical glossary of sailing terms. Some are ones that we use in everyday language - now you can know the origins. Sailing Terms starting with ...  Above board – On or above the deck, in plain view, not hiding anything. Abaft – Toward the stern, relative to some object ("abaft the fore hatch")  Abaft the beam – A relative bearing of greater than 90 degrees from the bow. e.g. "two points abaft the port beam."  Abandon Ship – An imperative to leave the vessel immediately, usually in the face of some imminent danger.  Abeam – 'On the beam', a relative bearing at right angles to the centerline of the ship's keel. Aboard – On or in a vessel. Close aboard means near a ship. Accommodation ladder – A portable flight of steps down a ship's side.  Admiral – Senior naval officer of Flag rank. In ascending order of seniority, Rear Admiral, Vice Admiral, Admiral and Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy). Derivation reputedly Arabic, from "Emir al Bath" ("Ruler of the waters"). Admiralty law – Body of law that deals with maritime cases. In UK administered by the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice.  Adrift – Afloat and unattached in any way to the shore or seabed. It may also imply that a vessel is not anchored and not under control, therefore goes where the wind and current take her, (loose from moorings, or out of place). Also refers to any gear not fastened down or put away properly. It can also be used to mean "absent without leave". Aft – Towards the stern (of the vessel) Aground – Resting on or touching the ground or bottom.  Ahead – Forward of the bow.  Ahoy – A cry to draw attention. Term used to hail a boat or a ship, as "Boat ahoy!"  Aid to Navigation – (ATON) Any device external to a vessel or aircraft specifically intended to assist navigators in determining their position or safe course, or to warn them of dangers or obstructions to navigation.  All hands – Entire ship's company, both officers and enlisted personnel. Aloft – Above the ship's uppermost solid structure; overhead or high above.  Alongside – By the side of a ship or pier.  Amidships (or midships) – In the middle portion of ship, along the line of the keel.  Anchor – An object designed to prevent or slow the drift of a ship, attached to the ship by a line or chain; typically a metal, hook like, object designed to grip the bottom under the body of water.  Anchorage – A suitable place for a ship to anchor. Area of a port or harbor.  Anchor's aweigh – Said of an anchor when just clear of the bottom.  Anchor ball – Black shape hoisted in forepart of a ship to show that ship is anchored in a fairway.  Anchor buoy – A small buoy secured by a light line to anchor to indicate position of anchor on bottom.  Anchor chain or cable – Chain connecting the ship to the anchor.  Anchor detail – Group of men who handle ground tackle when the ship is anchoring or getting underway.  Anchor light – White light displayed by a ship at anchor. Two such lights are displayed by a ship over 150 feet (46 m) in length.  Anchor watch – Making sure that the anchor is holding and the vessel is not drifting. Important during rough weather and at night. Most marine GPS units have an Anchor Watch alarm capability. Armament – A ship's weapons. Ashore – On the beach, shore or land.  Astern – Toward the stern; an object or vessel that is abaft another vessel or object.  Asylum Harbor – A harbor used to provide shelter from a storm.  ASW – Anti-submarine warfare.  Athwart, athwartships – At right angles to the fore and aft or centerline of a ship ATON - See Aid to Navigation above and associated image  Avast – Stop! Cease or desist from whatever is being done.  Awash – So low in the water that the water is constantly washing across the surface.  Aweigh – Position of an anchor just clear of the bottom.  Aye, aye – Reply to an order or command to indicate that it, firstly, is heard; and, secondly, is understood and will be carried out. ("Aye, aye, sir" to officers)  Azimuth compass – An instrument employed for ascertaining


What small Scottish border town is famously associated with marriages of English runaway couples?

Gretna Greens in the United States Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki 5 Sources Definition and Reasons for Run Away Marriages A Gretna Green is a favored marriage place. When a couple runs away from their home area to get married in a place with fewer marriage restrictions, the place they go is often called a "Gretna Green." [1] They may want to marry at a younger age, want to wait a shorter period after obtaining a licence, want to marry without parental consent, want to avoid procedures such as blood tests, want less paper work, want to avoid paying a marriage bond, want to keep the marriage a secret, want a less expensive marriage, or want to marry a closer cousin than their home district will allow. Or there may be a special romantic place to elope. Some couples wanted to wed in the same place their friends got married. When enough couples resort to a particular place it may gain a reputation as a Gretna Green. In common law , a "Gretna Green marriage" means a marriage transacted in a jurisdiction that was not the residence of the parties being married, to avoid restrictions or procedures imposed by the parties' home jurisdiction. [2] Scottish Origins The original Gretna Green is a town by that name, famous for runaway marriages, and just over the border in south Scotland. When English laws prohibited marriage under the age of 21, some younger couples crossed the Scottish border and the first town on the road was Gretna Green. [1] In popular tradition blacksmiths and anvils have become associated symbols of such marriages. Scottish law allowed anyone to perform a marriage if a declaration were made in front of two witnesses. The blacksmiths of Gretna came to be called "anvil priests." [1] Genealogical Implications For genealogists seeking a hard to find marriage, searching marriage records in the nearest Gretna Greens may be worthwhile. A Gretna Green can be a certain county in-state, or an out-of-state place. Farmington, Utah was a Gretna Green for Utah. Reno, Nevada was a Gretna Green for California. Niagara County, New York was a Gretna Green for the Province of Ontario, Canada. And Niagara Falls, Ontario was a Gretna Green for New York. Known Locations for the United States Arizona, Yuma, Yuma for southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico [3] Connecticut, New London, Groton [3] Connecticut, Thompson, Windham Co. [4] Delaware for colonial New Jersey [5] Georgia, Floyd, Rome for White County, Tennessee [3] Idaho, Kootenai, Coeur d'Alene for Great Falls and other Montana towns, Spokane, eastern Washington, and northern Idaho [3] Idaho, Payette, Payette for Oregon Idaho, Washington, Weiser for Oregon Idaho, Paris, Bear Lake for Utah and Wyoming Illinois, Cook, Chicago [6]


Teutonic/Teutons refers mostly and typically to what ancient race of people?

Germanic People - Tribes and Races The History of The Term Germanic Various etymologies for     Latin Germani are possible. As an adjective, germani is simply the plural     of the adjective germanus (from germen, "seed" or "offshoot"), which has the sense of "related" or "kindred" or "authentic". According to Strabo, the Romans introduced the name Germani, because the Germanic tribes were the authentic Celts (γνησίους Γαλάτας;     gnisíous Galátas). Alternatively, it may refer from this     use based on Roman experience of the Germanic tribes as allies of the Celts.   The ethnonym seems to be attested in the Fasti Capitolini inscription for the year 222,  DE GALLEIS INSVBRIBVS ET GERM(aneis),     where it may simply refer to "related" peoples, namely related to the Gauls. Furthermore, since the inscriptions     were erected only in 17 to 18 BCE, the word may be a later addition to the text. Another early mentioning of the     name, this time by Poseidonios (writing around 80 BCE), is also dubious, as it only survives in a quotation by Athenaios     (writing around 190 CE); the mention of Germani in this context was more likely inserted by Athenaios rather than     by Poseidonios himself. The writer who apparently introduced the name "Germani" into the corpus of classical     literature is Julius Caesar. He uses Germani in two slightly differing ways: one to describe any non-gaulic peoples of     Germania, and one to denote the Germani Cisrhenani, a somewhat diffuse group of peoples in north-eastern Gaul, who     cannot clearly be identified as either Celtic or Germanic.  In this sense, Germani may be a loan from a Celtic exonym applied to the Germanic tribes, based on a word for "neighbour". Tacitus suggests that it might be from a tribe which changed its name after the Romans adapted     it, but there is no evidence for this. The suggestion deriving the name from Gaulish term for "neighbour" invokes Old Irish gair, Welsh ger, "near", Irish gearr, "cut, short" (a short distance), from a Proto-Celtic     root *gerso-s, further related to ancient Greek chereion, "inferior" and English gash. The Proto-Indo-European     root could be of the form *khar-, *kher-, *ghar-, *gher-, "cut", from which also Hittite kar-, "cut",     whence also Greek character. Apparently, the Germanic tribes     did not have a self-designation ("endonym") that included all Germanic-speaking people but excluded all non-Germanic     people. Non- Germanic peoples (primarily Celtic, Roman, Greek, the citizens of the Roman Empire), on the other     hand, were called *walha- (this word lives forth in names such as Wales, Welsh, Cornwall, Walloons, Vlachs etc.). Yet,     the name of the Suebi - which designated a larger group of tribes and was used almost indiscriminately with Germani     in Caesar - was possibly a Germanic equivalent of the Latin name (*swē-ba- "authentic"). The Term of Teutonic or Deutsch Trying to identify a contemporary vernacular term and the associated     nation with a classical name, Latin writers from the 10th century onwards used the learnèd adjective teutonicus     (originally derived from the Teutones) to refer to East Francia ("Regnum Teutonicum") and its inhabitants.     This usage is still partly present in modern English; hence the English use of "Teutons" in reference     to the Germanic peoples in general besides the specific tribe of the Teutons defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae     in 102 BCE. The generic *þiuda- "people" occurs in many personal names such as Thiud-reks and also in the ethnonym of the Swedes from a cognate of Old English     Sweo-ðēod and Old Norse: Sui-þióð (see e.g. Sö Fv1948;289). Additionally, þiuda-     appears in Angel-ðēod ("Anglo-Saxon people") and Gut-þiuda ("Gothic people"). The adjective derived from this noun, *þiudiskaz, "popular", was later used with reference to the language     of the people in contrast to the Latin language (earliest rec


From the Greek words for empty tomb, what sort of monument exists in many cities to commemorate lives lost, especially in the 1st and 2nd World Wars?

Debates - Issue 85 - February 10, 2011 The Senate met at 1:30 p.m., the Speaker in the chair. Prayers. The Lunar New Year Hon. Joseph A. Day: Honourable senators, I rise today to discuss the Lunar New Year and its significance in Canada. While the Lunar New Year is often referred to as the Chinese New Year, there are, in fact, many other countries and regions that celebrate the Lunar New Year at this time. This year, the Lunar New Year fell on February 3. In our Gregorian calendar, the Lunar New Year may fall anywhere between January 21 and February 20, as determined by the arrival of the second new moon after the winter solstice. The lunar calendar is based on the cycles of the moon, which repeat themselves every 12 years, honourable senators, and a system of animal signs to date the years. The lunar calendar represents a cyclical concept of time and life, which contrasts with our Western linear concept, an interesting difference that may explain our different ways of looking at matters. China, Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia and other Eastern countries all celebrate the Lunar New Year on the same date. Combined, citizens descended from these groups account for nearly 2 million Canadians. Honourable senators, I believe it is important to be aware that many Canadians, as well as others around the world, are celebrating what is an important event to them. Collectively, these Canadians have helped to make Canada the diverse and culturally rich country that it is. Although the Western calendar has been adopted in many of these countries since the early 1900s, the lunar calendar events are still celebrated, and particularly the Lunar New Year. Honourable senators, imagine the bridge that these Canadians can help Canada make with the countries of their ancestors. Chinese-Canadians alone account for nearly 1.3 million of our population, around 3.9 per cent of the entire Canadian population. The third most frequently spoken language in Canada, behind English and French, is Chinese. Honourable senators, 2010 was an important year for Canada-China relations. It marked the fortieth anniversary of diplomatic relations between our countries. The Lunar New Year is the Year of the Rabbit. The Year of the Rabbit is said to be a year to slow down and relax. It is a year to negotiate and not use force to resolve issues. (1340) Honourable senators, given the issues facing this country, this seems to be a wise path for this place to follow. It is important for us to work cooperatively in our challenges, to perform our work here in the best interests of the people and the regions we represent, and to deal with the issues calmly and logically. Honourable senators, this evening, at 6:30 p.m., the Canada-China Legislative Association will co-host a Chinese New Year's celebration, along with the Ottawa Chinese-Canadian Heritage Centre. The event takes place at the Government Conference Centre, across from the Château Laurier Hotel, and I hope many honourable senators will be able to attend this important function for the Lunar New Year. [Translation] Hon. Roméo Antonius Dallaire: Honourable senators, I would like to draw your attention to an extremely disgraceful side of humanity. [English] Honourable senators, I rise today to inform the chamber that February 12, this Saturday, is the International Day against the Use of Child Soldiers. It commemorates the day on which the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict entered into force as international law. Canada ratified the optional protocol in 2000 and has been joined, to date, by 138 other countries in a commitment to protect children from armed conflict and its impact. Canada has not, however, put that into legislation. Today we recognize the hundreds of thousands of children, of whom 40 per cent are girls, who have been killed, maimed, raped, drugged and otherwise abused, and forced to do the same to their families and communities while under the direction of adult combatants. Soldierin


Hemostasis/haemostasis is what in relation to bloodflow?

Hemostasis - definition of hemostasis by The Free Dictionary Hemostasis - definition of hemostasis by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hemostasis  (hē′mə-stā′sĭs, hē-mŏs′tə-) also he·mo·sta·sia (hē′mə-stā′zhə, -zhē-ə, -zē-ə) n. 1. The stoppage of bleeding or hemorrhage. 2. The stoppage of blood flow through a blood vessel or body part. he•mo•sta•sis 1. the stoppage of bleeding. 2. the stoppage of the circulation of blood in a part of the body. 3. stagnation of blood in a part. [1835–45] hemostasis, haemostasis the stoppage of bleeding or cessation of the circulation of the blood; stagnation of the blood in a part of the body. Also hemostasia, haemostasia. haemostasia , haemostasis , hemostasia surgical operation , surgical procedure , surgical process , surgery , operation - a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; "they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available"; "he died while undergoing surgery" stop , stoppage - the act of stopping something; "the third baseman made some remarkable stops"; "his stoppage of the flow resulted in a flood" Translations


10 Fastest Animals On Earth - Fastest Animals In The World 10 Fastest Animals On Earth Apr 6 • Animal Profiles • 40767 Views • Comments Off on 10 Fastest Animals On Earth How fast can you run? Research suggests that human beings could run as fast as 40 miles an hour—in theory—but sprint speeds average to closer to 12-15 mph. You may be thinking, “that’s not too shabby,” but as you will see, a 15 mph sprint would not be enough to win a race with any of the fastest animals on earth. Many animals can go much faster than we can—some of them predatory. What is the fastest animal on earth? Let’s find out. 1. Peregrine Falcon Peregrine Falcon (Wikimedia) Birds have something of an advantage when it comes to speed, for obvious reasons. The peregrine falcon is particularly swift, capable of reaching speeds of up to 200 mph while at a dive, making it a fearsome hunter. The rest of the time it does not fly this fast, but that hardly matters to its prey. It is the fastest animal on the planet when in a dive. 2. Frigate Bird Frigate Bird (Wikimedia) This spectacular avian makes the peregrine falcon look slow by comparison. It can reach speeds of up to 95 miles per hour—much faster than you drive on the highway. It has the largest wingspan to body weight ratio and can stay in the air for intensely long periods. Sometimes these birds do not touch down for over week at a time. How’s that for speed and endurance? 3. Sail Fish Sail Fish (Wikimedia) What is the fastest sea animal? That honor goes to the sail fish, which can read speeds up to 68 miles per hour—again possibly faster than you are used to driving on the highway. Can you imagine a fish racing alongside your vehicle and keeping up with you? That’s one fast sea animal. The characteristic sail is used when the fish is frightened in order to intimidate threatening animals. The rest of the time, it is kept folded up. 4. Cheetah Cheetah (Wikimedia) The fastest animal in the world is of course the cheetah. This animal is actually only slightly faster than the pronghorn antelope, and can reach speeds of up to 61 miles per hour. This record was set by an 11 year old cheetah in 2012 named Sarah. Unlike most of the other animals on this list, the cheetah is a predator. It represents a serious threat to animals on this list that inhabit the same geographic areas (not just grasslands, but forest environments as well). The cheetah is a sprinter, not a long distance runner, but pairs agility with speed for deadly attack runs. Cheetahs are also very fast accelerators, and can ramp up their speed four times faster than human beings can. They can also pull to a stop extremely fast. It is also interesting to note that the speed and agility of the cheetah is not matched by strength. The cheetah is fairly fragile and will lose in most fights with other predators. As a result, they will quickly surrender prey to competitors. An injured cheetah may not be able to run quickly, which can put its life in danger. 5. Pronghorn Antelope Pronghorn Antelope (Wikimedia) This antelope takes second place among land animals for speed. It can easily out-sprint most predators at speeds as high as 60 miles per hour. Interestingly enough, a pronghorn antelope is not actually an old world antelope, and is native to North America. Actual antelopes are quite fast as well, but not as fast as the pronghorn. Also curious is the fact that the pronghorn is far faster than the predators which inhabit North America. This seems to indicate that it evolved its great speed at some point in the past under the threat of a now-extinct predator, perhaps the American cheetah. The pronghorn has a number of special adaptations that allow it to function at high speeds, including cushioned, pointed toes to absorb shock, and extra large organs that assist with air intake. 6. Blue Wildebeest Blue Wildebeest (Wikimedia) Another swift land animal which also inhabits the plains is the blue wildebeest. They are not quite as fast as the pronghorn, but are still pretty impressive at around 50 miles per hour. 7. Lion Lion (Wikimedia) Unfortunatel


The word harem, referring to a women's part of a dwelling, and especially to its female occupants, originated in which ethnic people?

Chinese Religions: An Overview The End of Empire and Postimperial China Bibliography [This article provides an introduction to the rise and development of various religious movements,     themes, and motifs over time. Its emphasis is on historical continuities and on the interaction     of diverse currents of Chinese religious thought and practice from the prehistoric era to the     present]. The study of Chinese religion presents both problems and opportunities for the general theory     of religion. It is therefore instructive, before embarking on a historical survey, to outline     a theoretical approach that will accomodate the wide variety of beliefs and practices that have     traditionally been studied under the rubric of religion in China. One indicator of the problematic nature of the category "religion" in Chinese history is the     absence of any pre-modern word that is unambiguously associated with the category. The modern     Chinese word zongjiao was first employed to mean "religion" by late 19th-century     Japanese translators of European texts. Zongjiao (or shky in Japanese) is a compound     consisting of zong (sh), which is derived from a pictogram of an ancestral altar     and most commonly denotes a "sect," and jiao (ky), meaning "teaching." (The compound     had originally been a Chinese Buddhist term meaning simply the teachings of a particular sect.)     Zongjiao/shky thus carries the connotation of "ancestral" or sectarian teachings.     The primary reference of this newly-coined usage for shky in the European texts being translated     was, of course, Christianity. And since Christianity does in fact demand exclusive allegiance     and does emphasize doctrinal orthodoxy (as in the various credos), zongjiao/shky is an apt translation for the concept of religion that takes Christianity as its standard or model. Part of the problem arising from this situation is that Chinese (and Japanese) religions in     general do not place as much emphasis as Christianity does on exclusivity and doctrine. And so     Chinese, when asked to identify what counts as zongjiao in their culture, are often reluctant     to include phenomena that Westerners would be willing to count as religion, because the word "religion"     - while notoriously difficult to define - does not carry the same connotations as zongjiao. Before the adoption of zongjiao, jiao itself ("teaching") came closest, in usage,     to the meaning of "religion." Since at least the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), the standard rubric     for discussing the religions of China was san jiao, or the "three teachings," referring     to Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. Yet this is problematic too, as it excludes what today     is usually called "popular religion" (or "folk religion"), which throughout Chinese history has     probably accounted for more religious behavior than the "three teachings" combined. This exclusion     is more than a matter of usage: jiao does not apply well to popular religion beause popular     religion is strongly oriented toward religious action or practice; it has very little doctrine     and, apart from independent sects, no institutionally-recognized canonical texts in which doctrines     would be presented. Although constituting a standard chapter in modern Western surveys of Chinese religion, Confucianism     is very often described as something other than a religion in the strict (yet poorly defined)     sense. There was a time in Western scholarship when Buddhism was occasionally described in similar     fashion, although outside the most conservative theological frameworks that is no longer the case.     But the status of Confucianism, even in academic circles focused on Chinese religion, is still     disputed. The problematic nature of Confucianism vis-à-vis religion is the most compelling reason     to suggest at the outset a conceptual framework in whi


In pathology what is the common term for a displacement and protrusion of part of an organ through its cavity wall?

hernia - definition and meaning hernia Definitions from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition n. The protrusion of an organ or other bodily structure through the wall that normally contains it; a rupture. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License n. A disorder in which a part of the body protrudes abnormally through a tear or opening in an adjacent part, especially of the abdomen. from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English n. A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening in the walls of the latter. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also rupture. from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia n. In surgery, a tumor formed by the displacement and protrusion of a part which has escaped from its natural cavity by some aperture, and projects externally; rupture: as, hernia of the brain, of the thorax, or of the abdomen. from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. n. rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes Etymologies from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition Middle English, from Latin; see gherə- in Indo-European roots. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License From Latin hernia ("protruded viscus"). Examples DESCRIPTION: Although the term hernia applies to any protrusion of an organ outside the cavity that normally contains it, the usual meaning is an abnormal protrusion of intestines through an opening in the abdominal cavity.


A limited company (e.g., in the UK 'Ltd', US 'LLC', Germany 'GmbH') has limited what?

Germany Company Formation Contact Us Germany - Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (Gmbh) Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung translates to “company with limited liability” and, like limited companies in the UK, a GmbH is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from the individuals who run it. For sole traders and for people in partnerships, the individuals’ personal assets are at risk if there is a claim against the organisation but shareholders in a GmbH are liable to lose only the value of the share capital to which they subscribe. Germany’s business sector is renowned for its technical, engineering and automotive industries and, with its, stable economy and well-developed financial and banking markets it remains an attractive jurisdiction for foreign investors to looking to incorporate in Europe. Enquire about an Germany company formation Company Name A German GmbH name can be in any language and it will need to end with the suffix GmbH. Having submitted the name of your company to us, we obtain approval from the Handelsregister. We can then reserve and hold your proposed company name for up to ten days.  Registered Agent It is a requirement that a German GmbH must have a registered agent and a registered address where all official correspondence will be sent. This is provided as part of our incorporation service. Directors A German company requires only one person to act as a director. This person may be of any nationality and may be a corporate entity. Director names are filed on the public register. Shareholders A German company requires only one person to act as a shareholder, shareholders may be of any nationality and corporate entities are allowed, there is a no upper limit to the number of shareholders. Shareholder names are filed on the public register. Share Capital The standard authorised share capital requirement for a GmbH is €25,000. With an ordinary GmbH, the minimum share capital is €25,000 and it must be divisible into shares with a minimum face value of €100. It is possible to form a mini GmbH (UG Company) which has a lower paid-up share capital. Please visit UG companies for more information. When incorporating, a bank account must be opened immediately after signing the deed of incorporation with the notary, and the share capital must be deposited into that account. Also, a bank statement showing the amount of capital used for the company incorporation needs to be filed with the Court of Registration, along with the Company Statutes. Filing Requirements A GmbH is required to file an annual return and maintain a register of officers and accounts. In some instances an audit can be expected. Timescale It takes from one to two weeks to incorporate a new company from the date we receive your proofs of address and identity. Fees £3290 Proof of Identity As part of our due diligence we require proof of identity in the form of a passport copy for all directors and shareholders of the company. Travel It is necessary to visit Germany to open a bank account and to deposit the paid up share capital. Germany - Company Formations & Company Documents


Sinhalese (or Singhalese) is the language and people originating in north India now largely populating which country?

Sinhalese people - Unionpedia, the concept map Yes, please No, thanks Sinhalese people The Sinhalese (Sinhala: සිංහල ජාතිය Sinhala Jathiya) are an ethnic group native to the island of Sri Lanka. [1] Adam's Bridge Adam's Bridge (Tamil: ஆதாம் பாலம்), also known as Rama's Bridge or Rama Setu (Tamil: இராமர் பாலம், Sanskrit: रामसेतु), is a chain of limestone shoals, between Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island, off the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu, India, and Mannar Island, off the northwestern coast of Sri Lanka. Chutney Chutney (Hindi/ Nepali - "चटनी" also transliterated chatney or chatni, چٽڻي) is a side dish in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent that can vary from a tomato relish to a ground peanut garnish or a yoghurt, cucumber and mint dip, whereas in an offshoot that took root in Anglo-Indian cuisine, is usually a tart fruit such as sharp apples, rhubarb or damson pickle made milder by an equal weight of (usually demerera or brown sugar) and vinegar that traditionally aims to give a long shelf life so that fall fruit can be preserved for use throughout the year, as are jams, jellies and pickles, or else to be sold as a commercial product. D. B. Nihalsinghe o Dr.Diongu Badaturuge Nihalsingha (known as D. B. Nihalsinghe) is a person in film and television in Sri Lanka- with a respected reputation in both film and television being one of the most senior Sri Lankan film directors and film industry pioneers with over 50 years of distinguished service to both industries. Dutch language Dutch is a West Germanic language that is spoken in the European Union by about 23 million people as a first language—including most of the population of the Netherlands and about sixty percent of that of Belgium—and by another 5 million as a second language. East India East India (পূর্ব ভারত, पूर्व भारत, पूर्वी भारत, ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତ, مشرقی بھارت) is a region of India consisting of the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and also the union territory Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Gamini Dissanayake Lionel Gamini Dissanayake (Sinhala:ලයනල් ගාමිණි දිසානායක Tamil:காமினி திஸாநாயக்க) (20 March 1942 – 24 October 1994) was a prominent Sri Lankan politician,a powerful minister of the United National Party, the presidential candidate of Sri Lanka and Leader of the Opposition. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (formerly Harvard School of Public Health, as HSPH; now also referred to the Harvard Chan School, The T.H. Chan School, The T.H. Chan School of Public Health, or still simply The Chan School of Public Health) is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts neighborhood of Mission Hill, which is next to Harvard Medical School. Lalith Athulathmudali Lalith William Samarasekera Athulathmudali (Sinhala:ලලිත් ඇතුලත්මුදලි; 26 November 1936 – 23 April 1993) known as Lalith Athulathmudali was a prominent Sri Lankan politician of the United National Party and former Cabinet Minister of Trade, National Security, Agriculture, Education and deputy minister of defence. Meditation Meditation is a practice in which an individual trains the mind or induces a mode of consciousness, either to realize some benefit or for the mind to simply acknowledge its content without becoming identified with that content, or as an end in itself. Middle East The Middle EastArabic: الشرق الأوسط,; Armenian: Միջին Արևելք, Merdzavor Arevelk’; Azerbaijani: Orta Şərq; French: Moyen-Orient; Georgian: ახლო აღმოსავლეთი, akhlo aghmosavleti; Greek: Μέση Ανατολή, Mési Anatolí; Hebrew: המזרח התיכון, Ha'Mizrah Ha'Tihon; Kurdish: Rojhilata Navîn; Persian: خاورمیانه, khāvar-miyāneh; Somali: Bariga Dhexe; Soranî Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, rrojhellatî nayn; Turkish: Orta Doğu; Urdu: مشرق وسطی, hashrq vsty (also called the Mid East) is a eurocentric description of a region centered on Western Asia and Egypt. New York metropolitan area The New York metropolitan area includes the most populous city in the United States (New York City); co


Abbrieviated to PIE, what is the ancient Eurasian reconstructed language and origin of wide-ranging modern languages including English, Spanish, Russian, Greek, Urdu and Farsi?

/dz/, or that we must take Hittite spelling literally and read as /tts/ and as /ts/ is a matter of interpretation. I favour the latter view. ======================= Miguel Carrasquer Vidal mcv at wxs.nl Amsterdam  From mcv at wxs.nl Thu Mar 4 20:03:07 1999 From: mcv at wxs.nl (Miguel Carrasquer Vidal) Date: Thu, 4 Mar 1999 20:03:07 GMT Subject: IE, Genetic Data, Languages of Anatolia In-Reply-To: <36BECAC9.342D918F@mail.lrz-muenchen.de> Message-ID: Due to the interruption of mailing list traffic and my impression that this message was addressed to me only, I answered privately to Wolfgang Schulze' message close to a month ago. Here is another response. wrote: >Miguel Carrasquer Vidal schrieb: >> I tend think of North Caucasian (NEC/NWC) as the >> primary candidate for the original language of the steppe lands. >> The Northern Caucasus is a "residual zone", in Johanna Nichols' >> terminology. It contains the linguistic residue of the peoples >> that were once dominant in the neighbouring "spread zone" (the >> steppe). >Do you have any LINGUISTIC proof or at least some indications that would >justify such an assumption? My argument was not specifically linguistic, but historico-geographical. It is a matter of simple observation that the North Caucasian zone harbours the linguistic residues of what once were the predominant populations in the steppe zone to the north of it. The predominant language now is Slavic, but we find Mongolian (Kalmuck) and Turkic (Nogai, Balkar etc.) enclaves in the North Caucasus zone. Ossetic remains as the residue of the Scytho-Sarmatian predominance in the steppe zone before the coming of the Turks. The logical next step is to think that NWC and NEC are also North Caucasian remnants of populations that were once predominant in the steppe *before* the coming of Iranian and Indo-European. Especially so if one, like me, rejects the notion of a steppe homeland for PIE. Of course, if one accepts the steppe homeland hypothesis, the thought that NWC and NEC might also be "residual" pre-IE populations never crosses one's mind, which is why Johanna Nichols herself ("The Epicentre of the IE Linguistic Spread" [in: Blench/Spriggs, "Archaeology and Language", 1997]) uses NWC and NEC linguistic data (borrowings from ANE languages) as a *fixed* reference point to measure the distance of "mobile" PIE and PKartv from the Near East, as if it were a given that PWC and PEC had been in their present positions "forever". That being said, what LINGUISTIC evidence would we expect to find for a former presence of NEC and/or NWC in the Pontic-Caspian steppe? I don't think the "horse" word is relevant: horses were domesticated in the steppe by Indo-European speakers after the supposed replacement of PEC and PWC speakers by IE speakers. This replacement would have been one by (Sub-)Neolithic pastoralists/agriculturalists (IE) of prior Mesolithic (PWC/PEC) populations, which requires very little contact between the two groups (the Mesolithic population just gets instantly outnumbered), so I wouldn't expect PWC/PEC toponyms surviving or a significant amount of PWC/PEC borrowings into Eastern IE. The only linguistic arguments would be if NWC or NEC could be linked up to languages to the north and east of the Pontic-Caspian steppe. In that sense, Starostin's Sino-Caucasian interests me for the consequences it may have for the PIE homeland. I don't know enough about Caucasian and Sino-Tibetan linguistics to evaluate the proposals, even if I had seen all of them. However, my mind was somewhat prepared to consider Sino-Caucasian as a possibility because, before I had ever heard of Sino-Caucasian or Starostin, I had discovered for myself some interesting parallels between NWC, NEC and ST numerals. For instance:   Tib   Lak  Lezg  Ubyx  Adyghe 1. g-cig  ca  sa   za   z@ 2. g-nis  [k.i  q.we  tq.wa t.w@] 3. g-sum  s^an [pu]   ssa  s^@ 4. b-zhi  [muq. q.u]  pL'@  pL'@ 5. l-nga  [xxyu wa   s^x'@ tf@] 6. d-rug  ryax rugu  [f@   x'@] 7. b-dun  [arul iri   bl@  b


For what ethnic group are Misnah and Gemara the two main parts of Talmud law?

The Oral Law -Talmud & Mishna | Jewish Virtual Library The Oral Law -Talmud & Mishna Tweet The Oral Law                   is a legal commentary on the Torah, explaining how its                   commandments are to be carried out. Common sense suggests                   that some sort of oral tradition was always needed to                   accompany the Written Law, because the Torah alone,                   even with its 613                    commandments , is an insufficient guide to Jewish                   life. For example, the fourth of the Ten                    Commandments , ordains, "Remember the Sabbath                   day to make it holy" ( Exodus                    20:8 ). From the Sabbath's inclusion in the Ten Commandments, it is clear that                   the Torah regards it as an important holiday. Yet when                   one looks for the specific biblical laws regulating                   how to observe the day, one finds only injunctions against                   lighting a fire, going away from one's dwelling, cutting                   down a tree, plowing and harvesting. Would merely refraining                   from these few activities fulfill the biblical command                   to make the Sabbath holy? Indeed, the Sabbath rituals                   that are most commonly associated with holiness-lighting                   of candles, reciting the kiddush, and the reading                    of the weekly Torah portion are found not in the Torah, but in                   the Oral Law. Without an oral tradition, some of                   the Torah's laws would be incomprehensible. In the Shema 's first paragraph, the Bible instructs: "And these                   words which I command you this day shall be upon your                   heart. And you shall teach them diligently to your children,                   and you shall talk of them when you sit in your house,                   when you walk on the road, when you lie down and when                   you rise up. And you shall bind them for a sign upon your hand, and they shall be for frontlets between your                   eyes." "Bind them for a sign upon your                   hand," the last verse instructs. Bind what? The                   Torah doesn't say. "And they shall be for frontlets                   between your eyes." What are frontlets? The Hebrew                   word for frontlets, totafot is used three times                   in the Torah  always in this context ( Exodus                    13:16 ; Deuteronomy                     6:8 , 11:18 )  and is as obscure as is the English. Only in                   the Oral Law do we learn that what a Jewish male should                   bind upon his hand and between his eyes are tefillin (phylacteries). Finally, an Oral Law was needed to                   mitigate certain categorical Torah laws that would have                   caused grave problems if carried out literally. The                   Written Law, for example, demands an "eye for an                   eye" ( Exodus 21:24 ).                   Did this imply that if one person accidentally blinded                   another, he should be blinded in return? That seems


The organic chemical compound C12H22O11 is better known as what additive?

Overview of Food Ingredients, Additives & Colors Overview of Food Ingredients, Additives & Colors International Food Information Council (IFIC) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration November 2004; revised April 2010 Additional Information For centuries, ingredients have served useful functions in a variety of foods. Our ancestors used salt to preserve meats and fish, added herbs and spices to improve the flavor of foods, preserved fruit with sugar, and pickled cucumbers in a vinegar solution. Today, consumers demand and enjoy a food supply that is flavorful, nutritious, safe, convenient, colorful and affordable. Food additives and advances in technology help make that possible. There are thousands of ingredients used to make foods. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maintains a list of over 3000 ingredients in its data base "Everything Added to Food in the United States", many of which we use at home every day (e.g., sugar, baking soda, salt, vanilla, yeast, spices and colors). Still, some consumers have concerns about additives because they may see the long, unfamiliar names and think of them as complex chemical compounds. In fact, every food we eat - whether a just-picked strawberry or a homemade cookie - is made up of chemical compounds that determine flavor, color, texture and nutrient value. All food additives are carefully regulated by federal authorities and various international organizations to ensure that foods are safe to eat and are accurately labeled. The purpose of this brochure is to provide helpful background information about food and color additives: what they are, why they are used in foods and how they are regulated for safe use. Why Are Food and Color Ingredients Added to Food? See Types of Food Ingredients below. Additives perform a variety of useful functions in foods that consumers often take for granted. Some additives could be eliminated if we were willing to grow our own food, harvest and grind it, spend many hours cooking and canning, or accept increased risks of food spoilage. But most consumers today rely on the many technological, aesthetic and convenient benefits that additives provide. Following are some reasons why ingredients are added to foods: To Maintain or Improve Safety and Freshness: Preservatives slow product spoilage caused by mold, air, bacteria, fungi or yeast. In addition to maintaining the quality of the food, they help control contamination that can cause foodborne illness, including life-threatening botulism. One group of preservatives -- antioxidants -- prevents fats and oils and the foods containing them from becoming rancid or developing an off-flavor. They also prevent cut fresh fruits such as apples from turning brown when exposed to air. To Improve or Maintain Nutritional Value: Vitamins and minerals (and fiber) are added to many foods to make up for those lacking in a person's diet or lost in processing, or to enhance the nutritional quality of a food. Such fortification and enrichment has helped reduce malnutrition in the U.S. and worldwide. All products containing added nutrients must be appropriately labeled. Improve Taste, Texture and Appearance: Spices, natural and artificial flavors, and sweeteners are added to enhance the taste of food. Food colors maintain or improve appearance. Emulsifiers, stabilizers and thickeners give foods the texture and consistency consumers expect. Leavening agents allow baked goods to rise during baking. Some additives help control the acidity and alkalinity of foods, while other ingredients help maintain the taste and appeal of foods with reduced fat content. What Is a Food Additive? In its broadest sense, a food additive is any substance added to food. Legally, the term refers to "any substance the intended use of which results or may reasonably be expected to result -- directly or indirectly -- in its becoming a component or otherwise affecting the characteristics of any food." This definition includes any substance used in the production, processing, treatment, packaging, transportation or storage of food. The purpose of th


Name the Trinidad and Tobago cabinet minister who resigned as vice president of FIFA in 2011 amid ongoing ethics investigations?

Fifa Vice-President Jack Warner Resigns « Trinidad and Tobago News Blog Does Rowley have the legal authority to “give Gibbs 5 days to respond?” Is this another bullying situation? Is the FBI involved or is this wishful thinking? Do you really believe that the Republicans are even concerned about Jack Warner? kian June 20, 2011 at 10:24 pm I think most people remember Dr. Rowley addressing the issue of Jack’s involvement in fifa and holding a ministerial post in government, stating that it was morally and ethically wrong.  The know-it-all government went through all kinds of psuedo investigations using the most powerful minds in the legal fraternity to justify the lack of conflicts in holding both positions at the same time, but fate has proven Dr. Rowley correct and Mr. Warner has only temporarily survived the bribery charges.  If as stated, Lous Freeh is looking into the allegations of money leaving the U.S. (in cash) and not reported to the Immigration Department, then Mr. Warner has a lot to account for.  Mr. Warner operates under many clouds of suspicion and in a ‘real’ democratic government he would have to show a clean set of hands in order to be ‘accepted’ but th8is is Trinidad and Tobago, so what evidence there is on Jack will have to come from abroad.  This government has politicised the security forces, the police service, the administration of the justice system and many of the institutions where one would naturally expect natural justice that ‘integrity’ is a word of the past. TMan As I understand it Lous Freeh ia an ex-FBI lawyer in private practice who is working for FIFA. Does Jack Warner have an obligation to even speak to him? As I understand it , Freeh is not an employee of the US and the Immigration dept is not involved? neverdirty June 20, 2011 at 11:11 pm By the way, the charge in the US for smuggling money either in or out the country is a fine 3x the amount smugggled and a jail without parole of 10 years. This does not include charges made in T&T, charges possibly including the firing of Customs officers who might be implicated in facilitating the entry of such sums, not only in this case but also in preparation for the last election. As they asy in China during times of unrest, stress and upheaval, pray for boring times. mamoo FIFA is inherently corrupt, from the President down. I think Jack step down to save the reputation of FIFA. I am sure pressure from the PNM and COP forced this resignation. TMan June 21, 2011 at 9:44 am Rowley yesterday took issue with Warner’s comments saying, “I simply want to find out if Mr Warner and the Government were prepared to offer Calder Hart that explanation when Calder Hart’s telephone number linked him to the Malaysian family.” Rowley makes the mistake of reminding the nation of Calder Hart, at a time when he has the government and the PM by the balls.His calls for the the resignation of Sasha and Jack are right on target. My view is that he is squandering an excellent political and moral responsibility and opportunity by invoking this comparison to Calder Hart. News Jack Warner to receive five-figure Fifa pension for life Jack Warner, the controversial former Fifa executive committee member who was at the heart of a corruption investigation until he resigned this week, is set to pick up a five-figure annual pension for life as a result of his decision to stand down. Linda Edwards June 22, 2011 at 10:32 am JAck WArner conspired with PAnday to lie about meeting Nelson MAndela, and the venerable old man denied it. JAck lied. Panday lied. They lost. I have not believed a word JAck said since that big lie. When they attempted to bring MLK’s son to talk at MAcoya, or Jean Pierre or something, I wrote to his PR people, as I am sure others did, pointing out that he was being used. That letter was sent to the editors of this page.JAck divorced PAnday for new and improved politics a la Kamla. He was lying then too. NOw he divorced FIFA when their lawyers were hot on his tail, to say he concentating on TnT politics. Lie again. He was/is hoping to dodge a number of b


Dyscalculia is less technically known as (what?)-blindness?

Learning Disabilities: Fact and Fiction Learning Disabilities: Fact and Fiction Learning Disabilities: Fact and Fiction Feb 24, 2011 In observance of Learning Disabilities Week, we here at Study.com want to clear up some misconceptions about common learning challenges such as dyslexia, dyscalculia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). By Megan Driscoll Struggling to Learn Education researchers believe that 5-10 percent of American kids ages 6-17 are affected by learning disabilities (LD). While experts don't know exactly what causes most learning disabilities, they do believe symptoms result from differences in brain structure or function. Some common misconceptions about learning disabilities include: Learning disabilities are like other forms of brain disorders. Learning disabilities are separate and distinct from problems caused by emotional dysfunction, mental retardation or hearing, visual or motor disabilities. He's not smart. In fact, individuals with learning disabilities have 'normal' intelligence. They just suffer from a neurobiological dysfunction that makes it more difficult for them to learn. She's faking it. Learning disabilities are a very real phenomenon, with a proven biological basis. Recent research has even found some genetic links for LD in families. It's the student's background. Learning disabilities are not specific to any racial, cultural or socioeconomic category. Students from all backgrounds are equally susceptible. Three of the most common challenges to learning that students face are dyslexia, dyscalculia and ADHD. Dyslexia The most common learning disability is dyslexia, which accounts for 80 percent of U.S. students with LD. The condition tends to affect more boys than girls. In a nutshell, dyslexia is a language problem that makes it difficult for students to read. The trouble is not with vision; it is the brain that struggles to parse the sounds that make up words. People with dyslexia have a hard time writing or thinking about the sounds in a word or breaking a word down into its component parts. As a result, translating thought to language (writing) and language to thought (listening or reading) presents a significant challenge. Early diagnosis is important for dyslexia; without intervention, students can fall further and further behind in the classroom. Kids with untreated dyslexia often struggle with their work and become frustrated at school. Many also suffer from low self-esteem and are more prone to misbehavior. There are many alternative ways to teach reading to dyslexic students, however, so early intervention can lead to a relatively normal school life. Dyscalculia 'Dyscalculia' is an umbrella term used to refer to a wide range of math disabilities. Although less well known than dyslexia, dyscalculia affects a significant number of children. There are two main types of dyscalculia. Some individuals have visual-spatial problems, making it difficult for the brain to process what the eye sees. These people may have a hard time visualizing patterns or parts of math problems. Others struggle with processing language; in effect, the brain doesn't fully understand what the ear hears. Those who are affected by this condition struggle to grasp math vocabulary, which can result in challenges developing mathematical skills. If dyscalculia goes undiagnosed, it can lead to lifelong frustration with math. But when educators are able to identify it, they can use alternative methods for teaching math that allow people with dyscalculia make progress. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, isn't technically a learning disability. It is, though, very common in students with LD and can cause plenty of challenges at school on its own. Referred to by some as attention deficit disorder (ADD), ADHD is a brain condition that makes it difficult for individuals to stay focused and/or in control of behavior. While it is normal for all students to be inattentive, impulsive or hyperactive at times, these issues are more common and severe in


How many dots make up the BlackBerry symbol logo?

BlackBerry Quick Tip: What's this icon mean? | CrackBerry.com BlackBerry Quick Tip: What's this icon mean? 24 Comments When you become a BlackBerry owner, it's like you learn a whole new language. Not only is there new terminology to learn, but your screen will soon be home to all kinds of icons and notifications. Most of them are pretty self-explanatory, but others aren't so obvious to new users, and sometimes getting rid of notifications can be just as confusing. The picture above has been floating around the forums for quite some time (thanks to ifarlow for putting it together way back when), and those of you running older OS' are likely familiar with several of them. For the most part, notifiers haven't changed a whole lot from OS to OS, though there have been some notable changes. After the break you can see a list of more recent notifiers, from OS 5-7, as well as a list of several things that can have an effect on how notifiers look on your device. Why don't my icons look like the examples? Themes - Many 3rd party themes contain custom icons and notifiers. While most will still be familiar to you, theme developers can recolor them or replace them with custom icons. 3rd party apps - All sorts of apps that you download can push notifications to your home screen. Twitter apps (such as SocialScope, UberSocial, Twitter for BlackBerry) FaceBook, weather apps (such as BerryWeather), system monitoring apps (such as BatteryEx and MeterBerry), the list goes on and on. OS and App updates - If you do a major upgrade on your OS, for example from OS5 to 6, your notification icons will look different than you are used to. Similarly, if you have an app that gets updated, the update may include new notification icons. Ok, how do I get rid of them? Clearing notifications from your screen can sometimes be confusing. Usually, opening the app that the notifier pertains to will clear it out. If it's an email, SMS, or BBM, you will need to actually open the message, or use the 'mark all read' function from the menu. If you find yourself with a random notifier that you can't seem to find, a good place to look is in the combined Messages folder. Selecting 'U' will take you to the first unread message, so if there is one hiding in there, you should be able to find it and clear it out. Of course if you've done all you can and it's still not clearing, a battery pull or soft reset will sometimes take care of it. List of common BlackBerry symbols and notifiers  OS


In geology, igneous refers to rock formed by what effect?

rock | geology | Britannica.com geology metamorphic rock Rock, in geology, naturally occurring and coherent aggregate of one or more minerals. Such aggregates constitute the basic unit of which the solid Earth is comprised and typically form recognizable and mappable volumes. Rocks are commonly divided into three major classes according to the processes that resulted in their formation. These classes are (1) igneous rocks, which have solidified from molten material called magma; (2) sedimentary rocks, those consisting of fragments derived from preexisting rocks or of materials precipitated from solutions; and (3) metamorphic rocks, which have been derived from either igneous or sedimentary rocks under conditions that caused changes in mineralogical composition , texture, and internal structure. These three classes, in turn, are subdivided into numerous groups and types on the basis of various factors, the most important of which are chemical, mineralogical, and textural attributes. Rocks can be any size. Some are smaller than these grains of sand. Others, like this large rock … (Left) © Bobanny; (right) © Martin Fowler/Shutterstock.com General considerations Rock types Igneous rocks are those that solidify from magma , a molten mixture of rock-forming minerals and usually volatiles such as gases and steam. Since their constituent minerals are crystallized from molten material, igneous rocks are formed at high temperatures. They originate from processes deep within the Earth—typically at depths of about 50 to 200 kilometres (30 to 120 miles)—in the mid- to lower-crust or in the upper mantle. Igneous rocks are subdivided into two categories: intrusive (emplaced in the crust), and extrusive (extruded onto the surface of the land or ocean bottom), in which case the cooling molten material is called lava . The Earth’s surface and crust are constantly evolving through a process called the rock cycle. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Sedimentary rocks are those that are deposited and lithified (compacted and cemented together) at the Earth’s surface, with the assistance of running water , wind , ice , or living organisms. Most are deposited from the land surface to the bottoms of lakes, rivers, and oceans. Sedimentary rocks are generally stratified—i.e., they have layering. Layers may be distinguished by differences in colour, particle size, type of cement, or internal arrangement. Similar Topics geochemical cycle Metamorphic rocks are those formed by changes in preexisting rocks under the influence of high temperature, pressure , and chemically active solutions. The changes can be chemical (compositional) and physical (textural) in character. Metamorphic rocks are often formed by processes deep within the Earth that produce new minerals, textures, and crystal structures. The recrystallization that takes place does so essentially in the solid state, rather than by complete remelting, and can be aided by ductile deformation and the presence of interstitial fluids such as water. Metamorphism often produces apparent layering, or banding, because of the segregation of minerals into separate bands. Metamorphic processes can also occur at the Earth’s surface due to meteorite impact events and pyrometamorphism taking place near burning coal seams ignited by lightning strikes. Rock cycle Geologic materials—mineral crystals and their host rock types—are cycled through various forms. The process depends on temperature, pressure, time, and changes in environmental conditions in the Earth’s crust and at its surface. The rock cycle illustrated in Figure 1 reflects the basic relationships among igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Erosion includes weathering (the physical and chemical breakdown of minerals) and transportation to a site of deposition . Diagenesis is, as previously explained, the process of forming sedimentary rock by compaction and natural cementation of grains, or crystallization from water or solutions, or recrystallization. The conversion of sediment to rock is termed lithification . Abundance of rock types An estimat


Cubes and Cube Roots Cubes and Cube Roots To understand cube roots, first we must understand      cubes ... How to Cube A Number To cube a number, just use it in a multiplication 3 times ... Example: What is 3 Cubed? 3 Cubed Note: we write down "3     Cubed" as 33 (the little 3 means     the number appears three times in multiplying) Some More Cubes A cube root goes the other direction: 3 cubed is 27, so the cube root       of 27 is 3 3 The cube root of a number is ... ... a special value that when cubed gives the original number. The cube root of 27 is ... ... 3, because when 3 is cubed you get 27.   Note: When you see "root" think "I know the tree, but what is the root that produced it?" In this case the tree is "27", and the cube root is "3". Here are some more cubes and cube roots: 4 216 Example: What is the Cube root of 125? Well, we just happen to know that 125 = 5 × 5 × 5 (if you use     5 three times in a multiplication you will get 125) ... ... so the answer is 5 The Cube Root Symbol This is the special symbol that means "cube root",     it is the "radical" symbol (used for square roots) with a little three to mean cube root. You can use it like this: (we say "the cube root of 27 equals 3")   You Can Also Cube Negative Numbers Have a look at this: When we cube 5 we get 125:   When we cube −5 we get −125:   So the cube root of −125 is −5 Perfect Cubes The Perfect Cubes are the cubes of the whole numbers :   3375 ... It is easy to work out the cube root of a perfect cube, but it        is really hard to work out other cube roots. Example: what is the cube root of 30? Well, 3 × 3 × 3 = 27 and 4 × 4 × 4 = 64, so we can guess the answer is between 3 and 4. Let's try 3.5: 3.5 × 3.5 × 3.5 = 42.875 Let's try 3.2: 3.2 × 3.2 × 3.2 = 32.768 Let's try 3.1: 3.1 × 3.1 × 3.1 = 29.791 We are getting closer, but very slowly ... at this point, I get out my calculator and it says: 3.1072325059538588668776624275224... ... but the digits just go on and on, without any pattern. So even     the calculator's answer is only an approximation ! (Further reading: these kind of numbers are called surds which are a special type of irrational number )


Refraction is the change of direction of a wave such as light due to change of its what when passing from one medium to another?

Refraction | Define Refraction at Dictionary.com refraction noun 1. Physics. the change of direction of a ray of light, sound, heat, or the like, in passing obliquely from one medium into another in which its wave velocity is different. 2. Ophthalmology. the ability of the eye to refract light that enters it so as to form an image on the retina. the determining of the refractive condition of the eye. 3. Astronomy. Also called astronomical refraction. the amount, in angular measure, by which the altitude of a celestial body is increased by the refraction of its light in the earth's atmosphere, being zero at the zenith and a maximum at the horizon. the observed altered location, as seen from the earth, of another planet or the like due to diffraction by the atmosphere. Origin of refraction 1570-80; < Late Latin refrāctiōn- (stem of refrāctiō). See refract , -ion Related forms Examples from the Web for refraction Expand Aether and Gravitation William George Hooper The deception is due to refraction, and the material and shape of the bottle furnish a sufficient explanation. General Science Bertha M. Clark The formula for refraction which Ptolemy helped to shape, is geometrical in form. Scenes and Characters Charlotte M. Yonge The changing arising from refraction and reflection is wonderful. Olla Podrida Frederick Marryat (AKA Captain Marryat) The refraction of light as it passes through an intervening cloud, or a stratum of moist and cold air. British Dictionary definitions for refraction Expand noun 1. (physics) the change in direction of a propagating wave, such as light or sound, in passing from one medium to another in which it has a different velocity 2. the amount by which a wave is refracted 3. the ability of the eye to refract light 4. the determination of the refractive condition of the eye 5. (astronomy) the apparent elevation in position of a celestial body resulting from the refraction of light by the earth's atmosphere Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for refraction Expand n. 1570s, from Late Latin refractionem (nominative refractio) "a breaking up," noun of action from past participle stem of Latin refringere "to break up," from re- "back" (see re- ) + comb. form of frangere "to break" (see fraction ). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper refraction re·frac·tion (rĭ-frāk'shən) n. The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different   density. The ability of the eye to bend light so that an image is focused on the retina. Determination of the refractive characteristics of the eye and often the correction of refractive defects with lenses.    Also called refringence. re·frac'tion·al or re·frac'tive adj. re·frac'tive·ness or re'frac·tiv'i·ty (rē'frāk-tĭv'ĭ-tē) n. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. refraction   (rĭ-frāk'shən)     The bending of a wave, such as a light or sound wave, as it passes from one medium to another medium of different density. The change in the angle of propagation depends on the difference between the index of refraction of the original medium and the medium entered by the wave, as well as on the frequency of the wave. Compare reflection . See also lens , wave. The apparent change in position of a celestial body caused by the bending of light as it enters the Earth's atmosphere. Our Living Language  : The terms refraction and reflection describe two ways that waves, as of sound or light, change course upon encountering a boundary between two media. The media might consist of two different substances, such as glass and air, or a single substance in different states in different regions, such as air at different temperatures or densities in different layers. Reflection occurs, as in a mirror, when a wave encounte


The becquerel (Bq) is a unit of measurement of what?

ARCHIVED - How is radiation measured? - Nuclear Emergency - Background Information ARCHIVED - How is radiation measured? This content was archived on June 24 2013. Archived Content Information identified as archived on the Web is for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It has not been altered or updated after the date of archiving. Web pages that are archived on the Web are not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards. As per the Communications Policy of the Government of Canada , you can request alternate formats on the " Contact Us " page. Units of Radiation Measurements The units of radiation measurement used in Canada and in much of the world are Systï¿½me Internationale (SI) units, based on the metric system. These units include the becquerel, the gray, and the sievert, terms which are described below. In the 1960's the SI units of radiation replaced another set of units, which had been in use from the early twentieth century. The older units are still used in the United States and are found in some earlier documents; they are summarised in the table below. Bequerel The becquerel (Bq) is the unit used to measure radioactivity in a substance, without consideration for the type of radiation it is or what its effects may be. One becquerel is equal to one nuclear disintegration per second. Since this is a very small unit, other units are often used, including the kilobecquerel (kBq: thousand Bq), megabecquerel (MBq: million Bq), and gigabecquerel (GBq: thousand million Bq). The name recognises the scientific contributions of French physicist A-H. Becquerel. Gray The gray (Gy) is the unit used in describing the amount of energy absorbed by a substance from the radiation passing through it, or the absorbed dose . One gray corresponds to one joule of radiation energy absorbed by one kilogram of matter. The measurement of grays per hour received by a substance tells us the intensity of the radiation. This unit was named after the English radiobiologist Louis H. Gray. Sievert The sievert (Sv) is the unit that reflects the biological effects of the ionising radiation absorbed; it is used in expressing both the equivalent dose and the effective dose . The sievert is a very large dose of radiation; a more useful unit is the millisievert (mSv), which is one-thousandth of a sievert. The name honours Rolf M. Sievert, a Swedish physicist. Person-sievert The person-sievert (person-Sv) is the unit used to express the collective dose , a useful measure of the total radiation exposure resulting from a specific source or activity to an entire group of people. Units of Measurements This table provides a simple comparison between the terminology used in the Systï¿½me Internationale and the old system. What is being measured


What is the chess playing robot called in TV's Thunderbirds?

Thunderbirds - Wikiquote Thunderbirds Jump to: navigation , search Thunderbirds is a mid- 1960s Sylvia and Gerry Anderson television show which used a form of puppetry called " Supermarionation ". Two seasons were produced, comprising thirty-two episodes in total. Production commenced in 1964 and the series premiered on British television in September 1965. This TV article is a stub . You can help Wikiquote by expanding it . Contents [International Rescue has succeeded in saving the Fireflash aircraft via emergency elevator cars, but one driven by Virgil has crashed off the runway and is upside down] Scott: Are you okay, Virgil? [Virgil is trying to crawl right side up within his elevator car] Virgil: Okay, Scott. Made good timing. Scott: Great, Virgil! Just great. Sun Probe [1.11][ edit ] Brains: [On finding they've brought Braman, Brains' chess-playing robot, with them on a voyage to save Thunderbird 3] Oh no! Virgil, we've brought the wrong box! Virgil: Base from Thunderbird 2, calling base from Thunderbird 2! Alias Mr. Hackenbacker [2.3][ edit ] [Brains is driving into the London Airport under the pseudonym of Mr. Hackenbacker] Brains: This is Hiram K. Hackenbacker calling Jeff Tracy. Come in, Jeff Tracy. Jeff: Go ahead, er... Mr... Hackenbacker. Brains: I am now entering the London Airport. Jeff: Good luck Br- I mean Mr. Hackenbacker. About[ edit ] I started to think that there really ought to be dumps around the world with rescue gear standing by, so that when a disaster happened, all these items of rescue equipment could be rushed to the disaster zone and used to help to get people out of trouble ... I was thinking, 'Rescue, yes, rescue, but how to make it science fiction? What about an international rescue organisation? Gerry Anderson on the premise as quoted in Bentley, Chris (2005) [2000]. The Complete Book of Thunderbirds (2nd ed.). o. 8-9 Lew watched ["Trapped in the Sky"] and at the end he jumped up shouting, 'Fantastic, absolutely fantastic! This isn't a television series – this is a feature film! You've got to make this as an hour!' ... I'm glad we did it, because it made the series much bigger and much more important. But it was still a very, very difficult job. Gerry Anderson on the premise as quoted in Bentley, Chris (2005) [2000]. The Complete Book of Thunderbirds (2nd ed.). p.26 Since we always tried to minimise walking, we'd show the puppets taking one step only, then promptly cut. Through interspersing the programmes with "meanwhile" scenes – that is, showing what else was going on in the story at the same time – we would then cut back to the puppet who was now already in his craft. Alan Pattillo on puppet movement Marriott, as quoted in John (1993). Supermarionation Classics: Stingray, Thunderbirds and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons p.179