The Shatt-al-Arab River is formed by the confluence of which two rivers, at Al-Qurnah, Iraq near Basra?

Shatt-Al-Arab - Definition and synonyms of Shatt-al-Arab in the English dictionary. Translation of Shatt-al-Arab to 20 languages. 2 Protecting the Gulf's Marine Ecosystems from Pollution The waters of the Shatt Al-Arab River are well oxygenated (Al-Hassan and Hussain 1985). The oxygen concentrations in surface water are usually 50% of saturation (Maulood et al. 1979), and generally, there are no differences with depth. Abdulaziz H. Abuzinada, Hans-Jörg Barth, Friedhelm Krupp, 2008 3 Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and ... Because of siltation at the head of the gulf,the rivers now meet at Al Qurnah, just above Basra, Iraq, and flow together in a generally southeasterly direction as the Shatt al Arab. Withdrawal of water upstream for dams and irrigation and the ... James R. Penn, 2001 4 Territorial Disputes and Resource Management: A Global Handbook Countries involved in the disputed area (PPP) Shatt al Arab The Shatt al Arab Waterway is a tidal river, with a length of approximately 190 km. It is formed by the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates, and is additionally fed by the river of ... Rongxing Guo, 2006 5 Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War Translation of original French in “The Dispute over the Shatt al-'Arab” ( Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Intelligence and Research , 1960), Intelligence Report no. 8208, January 22, 1960, p. 8. Schofield, Evolution of the ... Lawrence G. Potter, Gary G. Sick, 2004 6 New Scientist Within a year or so, the Karkheh could be linked to the barrier so that it could continue its old course towards the Shatt al Arab and the sea. This would allow Iraq to control the whole of the Shatt al Arab and Abadan Island. 3. The logical ...  7 Ends and Means: The British Mesopotamian Campaign and Commission reached Bushire, further down the Gulf coast, on 22 August, that Germans were attempting to sink an old Turkish ship in the mouth of the Shatt-al-Arab to bar the entrance to British ships.101 By 5 September Turks were reported at the island of  ... Paul K. Davis, 1994 8 Iraq and Iran (RLE Iran A) 6 Thus Iran declared that she would not accept any solution to the Shatt al-Arab boundary issue which fell short of the application of the thalweg principle.67 Iraq rebutted Iran's legal justifications for her unilateral abrogation of the 1937 Treaty. Jasim M Abdulghani, 2012 9 Iraqi Foreign Policy Since Revolution Borders conflict, which was never determined between the two countries, i.e. Shatt al-Arab; 2. conflict over three islands — Abu Musa, Tumb-e-Kabir (Greater Tumb) and Tumb-e-Shagir (Smaller Tumb). These islands are located at the point of ... Mahboob Alam, 1995


9.9498744 (to the nearest seven decimal places) is the square root of which whole number?

Significant Digits and Rounding / MATH200 / Brown, TC3 What’s New What are Significant Digits? What strikes you about the difference between a measurement of 1.615 in and 1.6 in? The first measurement is more precise than the second. Specifically, the first measurement is accurate to the nearest thousandth (0.001) of an inch, while the second measurement is accurate to only the nearest tenth (0.1) of an inch. No measurement in the real world is exact; all have some degree of “slop”. When we present a numerical result of 1.615 in, it is understood to be accurate to the nearest thousandth: we know that the true measurement is between 1.6145 and 1.6155 in. By contrast, if we present a value of 1.6 in, we are really saying that it is 1.6 to the nearest tenth: the true measurement could be anywhere between 1.55 and 1.65 in. You can see that every real-world number carries information both about its magnitude and about its precision. 1.615 in and 1.6 in have about the same magnitude, but the first one is more precise. We talk about that level of precision as how many significant digits the number has. The significant digits in a number start at the first non-zero digit and end at the last digit. Examples: 1417 has four significant digits, and so do 1.417 and 0.00001417. What about 14.1700? It has six significant digits, not four, because only zeroes at the start of a number are non-significant. Finally, 14.07 has four significant digits. There can be some ambiguity with trailing zeroes in a large whole number. For instance, we quote the average distance from earth to sun as 93 million miles. In that form, the number has two significant digits. (Remember what significant digits mean: they mark the non-“slop” part of the measurement. All we’re saying is that the average distance is 92½ to 93½ million. But suppose we write the number as 93,000,000? Does it now have eight significant digits? Are we saying the average distance is between 92,999,999.5 and 93,000,000.5 miles? Surely not! When you see a large round whole number, the zeroes may represent “slop”. To get around this problem, numbers are often expressed in scientific notation. For instance, the figure of 93 million miles is 9.3×107 miles (“nine point three times ten to the seventh”). On your calculator it appears as 9.3E7. You’ll find some more about scientific notation later on this page . Practice How many significant digits are in each of these numbers? 4800, 4800.0, 4.8, 0.0000067, .0000067. Answers: 4800 has two to four significant digits. The 4 and 8 are definitely significant, but just by looking at the number we can’t tell whether it’s accurate to the nearest whole number (4800, four significant digits), to the nearest ten (480x, three significant digits), or to the nearest hundred (48xx, two significant digits). 4800.0 has five significant digits. In the previous example (plain 4800), the two zeroes might indicate precision of measurement or be there simply as place holders. But with 4800.0 the last zero is obviously not needed as a place holder and therefore it must be significant. 4.8 has two significant digits. 0.0000067 and .0000067 are the same number. Leading zeroes are never significant, and therefore this number has two significant digits. Rounding the Results of Calculations Now you see what’s wrong with “25 feet divided by 6.0 equals 4.166666667 feet”, which is what your calculator will tell you. A measurement of 25 feet is accurate only to the nearest foot; you can’t get an answer that is accurate to a billionth of a foot! The rule for multiplying and dividing is this: find the number of significant digits in each factor. The answer will have the smaller number of significant digits. Example: 25 and 6.0 each have two significant digits. The smaller of 2 and 2 is 2; therefore the answer will have two significant digits. 25÷6.0 = 4.2 is correct. Example: Multiply 81.7×2.405. Your calculator says 196.4805. But 81.7 has three significant digits and 2.405 has four; therefore the answer must have three significant digits (smaller of 3 and 4). 81.7×2.405 =


How many minutes are there in a degree of an angle?

Angle Measurement: Degrees, Minutes, Seconds | Zona Land Education Angle Measurement: Degrees, Minutes, Seconds There are several   ways to measure the size of an angle. One way is to use units of  degrees. Radian measure is another way. ( Definition  of a radian ) Here we will work with degrees.   In a complete circle   there are three hundred and sixty degrees.   An angle could have   a measurement of 35.75 degrees. That is, the size of the   angle in this case would be thirty-five full degrees plus   seventy-five hundredths, or three fourths, of an additional   degree. Notice that here we are expressing the measurement as   a decimal number. Using decimal numbers like this one can   express angles to any precision - to hundredths of a degree,   to thousandths of a degree, and so on.   There is another way   to state the size of an angle, one that subdivides a degree   using a system different than the decimal number example   given above. The degree is divided into sixty parts called   minutes. These minutes are further divided into sixty parts   called seconds. The words minute and second used in this   context have no immediate connection to how those words are   usually used as amounts of time.   In a full circle there are 360 degrees. Each degree is split up into 60 parts, each part being 1/60 of a degree. These parts are called minutes. Each minute is split up into 60 parts, each part being 1/60 of a minute. These parts are called seconds. The size of an angle   could be stated this way: 40 degrees, 20 minutes, 50 seconds.   There are symbols   that are used when stating angles using degrees, minutes, and   seconds. Those symbols are show below: Symbol for degree: So,   the angle of 40 degrees, 20 minutes, 50 seconds is usually   written this way:   How could you state   the above as an angle using common decimal notation? The   angle would be this many degrees, (* means times.): 40 + (20 * 1/60) + (50 * 1/60 * 1/60) That   is, we have 40 full degrees, 20 minutes - each 1/60 of a   degree, and 50 seconds - each 1/60 of 1/60 of a degree. Work that out and   you will get a decimal number of degrees. It's   40.34722... Going the other way   is a bit more difficult. Suppose we start with 40.3472   degrees. Can we express that in units of degrees, minutes,   and seconds? Well, first of all   there are definitely 40 degrees full degrees. That leaves   0.3472 degrees. So, how many minutes   is 0.3472 degrees? Well, how many times can 1/60 go into   0.3472? Here's the same question: What is 60 times   0.3472?  It's 20.832. So, there are 20 complete minutes   with 0.832 of a minute remaining. How many seconds are   in the last 0.832 minutes. Well, how many times can 1/60 go   into 0.832, or what is 60 times 0.832? It's 49.92, or almost   50 seconds. So, we've figured   that 40.3472 degrees is almost exactly equal to 40 degrees,   20 minutes, 50 seconds. (The only reason we   fell a bit short of 50 seconds is that we really used a   slightly smaller angle in this second half of the calculation   explanation. In the original angle, 40.34722... degrees, the decimal repeats the last digit of 2 infinitely,   so, the original angle is a bit bigger than 40.3472.) Here's a calculator   that will take you from angle measurement using degrees,   minutes, and seconds to angle measurement expressed as a   decimal number. Make up an angle measurement using degrees, minutes, and seconds. Then, using the above procedures, calculate what that angle measurement would be if it were expressed as a decimal number. Finally, enter your original angle in degrees, minutes, and seconds into this calculator, click the 'Calculate' button, and see if your conversion mathematics was correct. Only enter positive integers into this calculator. That is, do not enter any numbers like 5.5, -5.5, or -5. Degrees:   Click this button to see the actual JavaScript code that executes in the above program: Here's the code that runs when you click the above 'C


Also a comic book character, what is an orderly assigned to serve a British Military Officer?

Batman - definition of batman by The Free Dictionary Batman - definition of batman by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/batman A British military officer's orderly. [Obsolete bat, packsaddle (from French bât, from Old French bast, from Late Latin bastum) + man .] batman (Military) an officer's personal servant in any of the armed forces [C18: from Old French bat, bast, from Medieval Latin bastum packsaddle] Batman (ˈbætˌmæn) n a character in an American comic strip and several films who secretly assumes a batlike costume in order to fight crime Batman (Biography) John. 1801–39, a pioneer who selected the site of the city of Melbourne bat•man n., pl. -men. (in the British army) a soldier assigned to an officer as a servant. [1745–55; short for bat-horse man=bat < French bât packsaddle < Vulgar Latin *bastum, n. derivative of *bastāre to carry] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: 1. batman - an orderly assigned to serve a British military officer attendant , attender , tender - someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another Translations [ˈbætmən] N (batmen (pl)) (Brit) (Mil) → ordenanza m batman n pl <-men> (Mil) → (Offiziers) bursche m batman [ˈbætˌmæn] n (batmen (pl)) (Brit) (Mil) → attendente m Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: tender References in classic literature ? Having left that soldier who was evidently drunk, Rostov stopped the horse of a batman or groom of some important personage and began to question him. 'Holy seaside resorts, Batman! We're going to New Brighton!' they are very strict, so I can't say much, but it's no surprise if I say Batman and Superman come face-to-face in the movie," he revealed. Is 'Batman' returning to its funny TV series roots? The BDDK report reveals that the foreign exchange deposits of companies in Batman increased by 1,714 percent in 2013 year-on-year in Turkish lira and that Batman was ranked ninth among all provinces in Turkey in terms of the highest foreign exchange deposits. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.


Who in May 1935 for Boston Braves played his last career baseball game?

May 25, 1935: Ruth smashes 3 homers in final hurrah | Society for American Baseball Research May 25, 1935: Ruth smashes 3 homers in final hurrah Pittsburgh Pirates 11 If you can help us improve this game story, contact us . May 25, 1935: Ruth smashes 3 homers in final hurrah This article was written by Jack Zerby The bedraggled Boston Braves were already in their familiar abode—the National League cellar—at 8-19 and 11 games out when they played their 28th game of the 1935 season. The venue was Pittsburgh’s bucolic Forbes Field; the opponents were the home-standing Pirates. But the Braves had Babe Ruth, a free agent newcomer to the National League, acquired at a high-mileage age 40 by Boston’s owner and erstwhile manager 1 Judge Emil E. Fuchs 2 when the Yankees cast the legend adrift on February 26. Although the Braves already had a “new Babe Ruth,” as writers tabbed popular slugger Wally Berger 3 , “the Judge liked to take on long-shot comeback players,” 4 and Ruth became “a very big frog in a very small pond” when Fuchs signed him. 5 He’d departed Boston 15 years earlier, when Red Sox owner-theater impresario Harry Frazee sold him to the Yankees. The Yankees had scorned Ruth in spring training by re-assigning his uniform number and using his locker for firewood as prelude to release. 6 Fuchs brought him to Boston in the announced triple capacities of player, second vice president, and assistant manager, 7 but the VP and assistant managerial posts were public relations fluff. Ruth’s playing days were essentially over, but after banishment by the Yankees, taking his celebrity to Boston seemed a better option than retirement. As the early season progressed, his new pond tended to engulf the overweight, weak-legged Babe. He had lifted spirits and made Fuchs look like a genius with an Opening Day home run at Braves Field against Giants’ ace Carl Hubbell on April 16. But through May 24 he was hitting just .153 with three home runs and five RBIs, three of which had come in the opener. Ruth’s curiosity value had resulted in his starting 22 of the team’s first 27 games, generally in left field, although manager Bill McKechnie often lifted him late for a pinch-runner or defensive replacement. This day in Pittsburgh, however, McKechnie had the Babe in his time-honored right field position, slotted third in the batting order in front of steady producer Berger. Pirate manager Pie Traynor started Red Lucas. The righty was in trouble before all of the recorded 10,000 in attendance had settled into their seats on a chilly Saturday afternoon. Boston shortstop Billy Urbanski walked and advanced to second on a sacrifice by second baseman Les Mallon, bringing up Ruth, slugging a paltry .305. But the Babe, seeing yet another new National League pitcher, responded with some of his old-time pizazz and lofted career home run No. 712 into the right field stands to give the Braves a quick 2-0 edge. After Berger and first baseman Randy Moore both singled, Traynor yanked Lucas in favor of National League veteran Guy Bush, now toiling for Pittsburgh after 12 seasons with the Cubs. Bush induced a double-play grounder off the bat of left fielder Sheriff Lee to end the inning. Huck Betts, only two years Ruth’s junior at 38, was the Boston starter. He survived two hits and an error to hold Pittsburgh scoreless in the first, and then notched a perfect 1-2-3 second inning. Ruth batted for the second time in the Braves’ third. Facing Bush, who had hit him with a pitch in Game 4 of the 1932 World Series--with Ruth and the Yankees on the way to a demoralizing sweep of the Cubs--he retaliated with another homer to right. The shot, career No. 713, plated Urbanski again and upped the Braves’ lead to 4-0. Betts cruised through the third, but his 4-0 lead dissolved into a 4-4 deadlock in the Pittsburgh fourth on RBI hits by Gus Suhr and Tommy Thevenow and Earl Grace’s sacrifice fly. Still in a groove, Ruth added another RBI with a single off Bush in the fifth to put the Braves back on top, 5-4. Pittsbu


What at the end of 2010 was Amazon's biggest ever selling product?

10 Best-Selling Products of All Time Spencer Platt—Getty Images This post is in partnership with 24/7 Wall Street . The article below was originally published on 247wallst.com . Creating the most popular product of the year will make consumers and investors happy. But making an all-time bestseller can transform an industry and define a business for decades. Many of the best-selling products were first in a new category. Apple, which has sold more than 500 million iPhones, was the first to introduce a touchscreen smartphone that could seamlessly handle music, web browsing and phone calls. Other bestsellers took a niche market and made it mainstream. Before Star Wars, film was either comedy, romance or drama. The Harry Potter book series was so successful that The New York Times Book Review created a separate children’s bestseller list in 2000 to account for the series’ popularity. MORE: 10 Companies Paying Americans the Least In some cases, top-selling products were a simply better than their competitors. Before the Sony PlayStation, video game consoles were largely cartridge-based. With the advent of the PlayStation, which relied on the new CD-ROM format, game files could be large enough to support 3D gameplay and full-motion video. Lipitor, which has become the world’s best-selling drug with $141 billion in sales, was far more effective than previously-released drugs at lowering bad cholesterol. A number of these products continue to be dominate their markets . The iPad remains the world’s best-selling tablet, with a 32.5% market share last quarter, despite challenges from Amazon.com’s Kindle Fire and Samsung’s Galaxy tablet lines. The PlayStation 4 has sold over 7 million units since it launched last year, well above the Microsoft Xbox One. Despite their success, some of these products face challenges. Sales of Pfizer’s Lipitor dropped each year after its maker, Pfizer, lost patent protection on the drug in 2011 and cheaper generic drugs came on the market. The ongoing Star Wars saga may lose its status as the all time best-selling movie franchise to Walt Disney’s Marvel Franchise. The Avengers broke box office records, grossing $203.4 million on its opening weekend. MORE: The Most Polluted Cities in America To determine the best-selling products of all-time, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed categories of products widely purchased by consumers and identified individual products that had the highest sales in their category.In some cases, we gathered figures from multiple sources and estimated the final sales figure. In other instances, where one company had a clear market lead, figures reflect data from previous years. These are the best-selling products of all time. 1. PlayStation > Total sales: 344 million units > Parent company: Sony When Sony released the PlayStation in the United States in 1995, its 32-bit processor was the most powerful available on the console market at the time. Sony sold more than 70 million PlayStations worldwide by the time the PlayStation 2 was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 also sold very well in the U.S. and abroad. Sony released the PlayStation 3 in 2006, and it sold 80 million units to retailers by November 2013. The latest generation, the PlayStation 4, has been wildly successful thus-far, already selling 7 million units as of April. 2. Lipitor > Total sales: $141 billion > Parent company: Pfizer Pfizer’s Lipitor is prescribed to lower LDL (or bad) cholesterol — high levels of bad cholesterol increase the risk of heart disease. Lipitor is classified as a statin, a class of drug used to reduce the risk of heart-related ailments. However, Lipitor sales have plummeted in recent years after its U.S. patent expired in 2011. Lipitor has lost patent protection in other major markets since. In 2013, Lipitor sales totaled $2.3 billion, down from $9.6 billion in 2011 according to Pfizer’s 2013 annual report. Still, since its introduction in 1997, no other drug came close to Lipitor’s commercial success. The closest competitor for all time sales is Plavix, which had slightly more than half of Lipitor’s


In the Contract Bridge card game what are used to denote the four players' positions?

Bridge: rules and variations of the card game Home Page > Classified Index > Trick Taking Games > Boston group > Bridge Contract Bridge When this page was first written (in late 1995), there was already a fair amount of Bridge-related information on the Internet, but most of it was aimed at people who already knew how to play. This page was produced to fill the gap by explaining how Bridge is played. The explanation is intended for people who have some experience of cards and card games, but no knowledge of Bridge. In the following years, several other sites with information of use to Bridge beginners appeared. Some of these appear among the links at the end of this page. Bridge Equipment Suppliers and other Bridge related pages Types of Bridge Contract Bridge was invented in the 1920's and in the following decades it was popularised especially in the USA by Ely Culbertson. Bridge currently occupies a position of great prestige, and is more comprehensively organised than any other card game. There are clubs, tournaments and championships throughout the world. Rubber Bridge is the basic form of Contract Bridge, played by four players. Informal social Bridge games are often played this way, and Rubber Bridge is also played in clubs for money. Duplicate Bridge is the game normally played in clubs, tournaments and matches. The game is basically the same but the luck element is reduced by having the same deals replayed by different sets of players. At least eight players are required for this. There are some significant differences in the scoring. Two types of Duplicate Bridge will be covered: pairs Chicago is a version of Bridge played by four people over four deals. Contract Bridge developed in the 1920's from Auction Bridge, which is different mainly in the scoring. In Auction Bridge, overtricks count towards making game, so it is only necessary to bid high enough to win the contract - there is no incentive to bid all the tricks you can make. Before Auction Bridge there was Bridge-Whist or Straight Bridge (at the time this game was just called Bridge). Here is a link to the earliest published rules of Bridge , which appeared in 1886 under the name Biritch or Russian Whist. In Bridge-Whist there is no bidding at all - the dealer either names a trump suit or passes, in which case the dealer's partner must choose trumps. In either case the dealer's partner is dummy. Either opponent may double before the lead to the first trick, and if doubled, the dealer's side may redouble. In the earliest form of the game, after any redouble, the other side can redouble again, and this can continue indefinitely. The duplicate format, in which the same cards are played at more than one table, has been in use since the 19th century for competitions in Auction Bridge, Straight Bridge, their ancestor Whist , and several other four-player card games, as well as for Contract Bridge from its invention to the present day. Rubber Bridge Players and Cards There are four players in two fixed partnerships. Partners sit facing each other. It is traditional to refer to the players according to their position at the table as North, East, South and West, so North and South are partners playing against East and West. The game is played clockwise. A standard 52 card pack is used. The cards in each suit rank from highest to lowest: A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2. Deal The cards are shuffled by the player to dealer's left and cut by the player to dealer's right. The dealer deals out all the cards one at a time so that each player has 13. Turn to deal rotates clockwise. It is traditional to use two packs of cards. During each deal, the dealer's partner shuffles the other pack and places it to the right. The dealer for the next hand then simply needs to pick up the cards from the left and pass them across to the right to be cut. Provided all the players understand and operate it, this procedure saves time and helps to remember whose turn it is to deal, as the spare pack of cards is always to the left of the next dealer. Bidding There is next an auction to decide who


Who was the first British-born chef, and at the time the youngest ever, to win three Michelin Stars?

The man with the dough | Life and style | The Guardian The Observer The man with the dough As a hip young gastronomic gunslinger, he was the first British chef to win three Michelin stars. These days Marco Pierre White is more likely to be found in the boardroom than the kitchen. But what is he doing launching a chain of pizzerias, asks Jay Rayner. And is he paying for it with his own money? Sunday 10 July 2005 11.34 EDT First published on Sunday 10 July 2005 11.34 EDT Share on Messenger Close A few hours before I was due to meet Marco Pierre White for lunch I was warned by a friend who once worked with him that he would try to seduce me. 'He does it to everyone,' she said, with a resigned air. Not that I needed to be told. Marco is famous for hosing down his interviewers with serious liquor. The last time OFM dispatched a journalist it was two bottles of Chateau d'Yquem, the most expensive white wine on the face of the planet; by the time he had finished filling the glasses our writer was practically petitioning Rome to fast-track an application for beatification. I, however, am made of sterner stuff . It certainly takes more than a bottle of 1970 d'Yquem to get me on my knees. (A case, perhaps? Maybe two?) In any case we are hardly starting from a neutral position, Marco and I. It's true that despite my six years as a restaurant critic and his two decades as chef and restaurateur, we had never met, not properly. The first time I set eyes on him was only a few months ago, when I was reviewing his new upmarket pizzeria, Frankie's in Knightsbridge, which he believes will be the source of a coming fortune. I thanked him briefly for a good meal on the way out (because it had been), but only as an anonymous punter. In print, though, I have never been afraid of letting the great MPW have it with both barrels. In the late Eighties when he made a splash at Harvey's in South London, winning his first two Michelin stars within a year of each other, being crowned the new wunderkind of British gastronomy and throwing what he considered the appropriate hissy fits, I was yet to pull my chair up to the table. A few years later he moved to the Hyde Park Hotel, where he became the first British-born chef and the youngest anywhere in the world to win three Michelin stars. Now I wanted to know what all the fuss was about. It was - and remains in real terms - the most expensive meal I have ever bought with my own money, at £267 for two. It was also the most joyless. I remember almost nothing of what I ate, save a pig's trotter dish that he had cooked in homage to the chef, Pierre Koffman. The rest was a dismal procession of prissiness plated more for design than taste. What I do recall is the funereal atmosphere of the up-itself dining room, the gloomy demeanour of the staff and the sommelier who suggested a £75 bottle of wine when we had asked for something at £50. Later I had an equally dreary meal at the Criterion on Piccadilly Circus, one of the first restaurants Marco took over as proprietor rather than chef. The food was bad - clumsy chicken Kiev - the service worse. Then there were the raging arguments I used to have with his PR guru, the late Alan Crompton-Batt, a friend of Marco's and the man credited with igniting the media frenzy that developed around him. Crompton-Batt accused me of ignoring Marco's chefs in an article on rising stars of the kitchen, while favouring those of Gordon Ramsay. There could be no greater sin in Marco's eyes because the two have long been at silent war, even though Ramsay was once his protege. And it's true that I had, but only because no one knows who Marco's chefs are. He collects restaurants: the Mirabelle, Quo Vadis, the Belvedere, L'Escargot, Wheelers, Drones. Ramsay collects personnel - Angela Hartnett, Marcus Wareing, Mark Sargeant, Jason Atherton - and opens restaurants around them. I had even managed to get into a row with one of Marco's oldest friends from school days, a chef called Simon Gueller now at the Box Tree in Ilkley, who had initiated legal action against me over one of my reviews.


Which Australian city is nicknamed The Big Smoke?

100 Cities and Their Nicknames | Travel Away 100 Cities and Their Nicknames Last updated on 9 Feb 2016 | By Miruna Corneanu I like nicknames. They define us better than our names, they are clever and funny, and they tell so much about our personality and sometimes, about our aspect, although this might be the worst case. I’ve had plenty of nicknames from “Bal” and “Maimu” to “Blondy”, but now everyone calls me by using diminutives of my name. That’s why when someone calls me “Miruna”, I know there’s something wrong going on. I know the Internet is full of lists with cities’ nicknames, but I decided to make my own, composed of the world’s most important cities, and I hope this will be useful for my readers. 1. Paris – The City of Love, The City of Light, La Ville-Lumiere 2. Prague – The City of Hundred Spires, The Golden City, The Mother of Cities 3. New York – The Big Apple 4. Las Vegas – Sin City 5. Chicago – The Windy City 6. Vancouver – The Big Smoke 7. Montreal – La Belle Ville, Frenchtown, The City-Mountain 8. Los Angeles – The City of Angels 9. New Orleans – The Big Easy 10. Philadelphia – City of Brotherly Love, Philly 11. Amsterdam – Venice of the North 12. Venice – La Serenissima, Bride of the Sea 13. Vienna – The Imperial City 14. London – The Square Mile, The Old Smoke, The Smoke 15. Detroit – Motor City 16. Miami – The Magic City, Little Cuba 17. Memphis – Bluff City 18. Petra – The Rose Red City 19. Pittsburgh – Iron City 20. Rome – The Eternal City, City of the Seven Hills 21. Seattle – The Emerald City 22. Bucharest – Little Paris 23. Florence – The City of Lilies 24. Barcelona – The City of Counts, The City of Gaudi 25. Budapest – Pearl of the Danube 26. Toronto – Queen City, Muddy York, The Big Toe 27. Dublin – The Fair City 28. Jerusalem – The Holy City 29. Boston – The Hub 31. Moscow – The Whitestone, The Forty Forties, Third Rome 32. Edinburgh – Auld Reekie 33. Geneva – The Peace Capital 34. Rio de Janeiro – Marvelous City 35. Salzburg – White City 36. Mumbai – The City of Dreams 37. Singapore – The Lion City 38. Naples – City of the Sun 39. Bologna – Red City; La Dotta, La Rossa, La Grassa (the educated, the red, the fat) 40. Torino – City of Four Rivers 41. Genova – The Superb 43. Milano – Fashion Capital of the World, The Drinkable City 44. Cairo – Paris of the Nile 45. Buenos Aires – Paris of the Americas, Queen of the Plata 46. Ushuaia – The End of the World 47. Melbourne – City by the Bay, Bleak City, Europe of Australia 48. Sydney – The Harbour City 50. Sao Paulo – Brazil’s Locomotive, Land of Drizzle, Sampa 51. Dubrovnik – The Pearl of the Adriatic 52. Helsinki – The White City of the North 53. Bordeaux – City of Wine 54. Nice – Angels City 55. Berlin – The Grey City 56. Jaipur – The Pink City 57. Oslo – Tiger Town 58. Warsaw – Default City, Big Village in the Middle of Nowhere 59. St Petersburg – The Mind of Russia 60. Madrid – El Foro, The Forum 61. Athens – The City of Violet Crown 62. Dallas – Big D 63. Hong Kong – Pearl of the Orient 64. Munich – World City with Heart 65. Birmingham – The City of a Thousand Trades, Brum 66. Lisbon – City With a Future 67. The Hague – City of Peace and Justice 68. Calcutta – City of Palaces, City of Love, City of Joy 69. Beijing – The Forbidden City 70. Adelaide – City of Churches 71. Zagreb – Little Vienna 72. Bruges – Venice of the North 73. Marseille – Phocean City 74. Tel Aviv – The City that Never Stops 75. Bolzano – The Door to the Dolomites, The German One 76. Sanremo – The City of Dreams 77. Tivoli – City of Delights 78. Vicenza – City of Gold 79. Kuala Lumpur – Golden Triangle 80. Cuernavaca – The City of Eternal Spring 81. Tijuana – Television Capital of the World 82. Rotterdam – Manhattan upon Meuse 83. Lima – City of the Kings 84. Manila – City by the Bay 85. Porto – The Invincible City 86. Cadiz – The Little Silver Cup 87. Bilbao – El Bocho 88. Zurich – Little Big City 89. Kiev – The Mother of Rus’ Cities 90. Honolulu – Sheltered Bay 92. Wroclaw – City of Hundred Bridges 93. Beirut – Paris of the Middle East 94. Udine – Capital of the Great Wa


An important Biafran army base in the 1967-70 conflict then known as the Biafran War, in which African country is Lake Oguta?

Nigerian Civil War Nigerian Civil War The independent state of the Republic of Biafra in June 1967 Date 6 July 1967 – 15 January 1970 (2 years, 6 months, 1 week and 2 days) Location 200,000 [16] – 250,000 [12] (1970) Biafran troops: Military killed: 45,000 [16] – 100,000 [19] [20] killed Displaced: 2,000,000 – 4,500,000 [21] Refugees: 500,000 [22] – 3,000,000 [23] The Nigerian Civil War, better known as the Biafran War, (6 July 1967 – 15 January 1970), was a war fought to counter the secession of Biafra from Nigeria . Biafra represented nationalist aspirations of the Igbo people , whose leadership felt they could no longer coexist with the Northern-dominated federal government. The conflict resulted from political, economic, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions which preceded Britain’s formal decolonisation of Nigeria from 1960 to 1963. Immediate causes of the war in 1966 included a military coup , a counter-coup , and persecution of Igbo living in Northern Nigeria. Control over oil production in the Niger Delta played a vital strategic role. Within a year, the Federal Military Government surrounded Biafra, capturing coastal oil facilities and the city of Port Harcourt . The blockade imposed during the ensuing stalemate led to severe famine—accomplished deliberately as a war strategy. Over the two and half years of the war, there were about 100,000 overall military casualties, while between 500,000 and 2 million Biafran civilians died from starvation. [24] This famine entered world awareness in mid-1968, when images of malnourished and starving children suddenly saturated the mass media of Western countries. The plight of the starving Biafrans became a cause célèbre in foreign countries, enabling a significant rise in the funding and prominence of international non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Britain and the Soviet Union were the main backers of the Federal Military Government in Lagos, while France and some independent elements supported Biafra. France and Israel provided weapons to both combatants. Contents Background Ethnic division The civil war can be linked back to the 1914 amalgamation of Northern and southern Nigeria, which was for the purpose of better administration due to close proximity. However, there was so much difference in the culture and religion of the people. After the amalgamation, oil was discovered in Eastern Nigeria (now South South Nigeria), and this was a turning point in the history of Nigeria, as this led to the struggle for control amongst the regions. At this point, there was a power tussle to see who could control the central power and with southern Nigeria not as united as the north, it was arguably disadvantaged. [25] In July 1966 Northern officers staged a counter coup to revenge on the easterners which saw Lt. Col. Yakubu Gowon emerge as the head of state. During his tenure killing of Easters in the north continued and this led to several actions which eventually resulted in the Biafran war. [26] Nigeria, which gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1960, had at that time a population of 60 million people consisting of more than 300 differing ethnic and cultural groups. More than fifty years earlier, the United Kingdom had carved an area out of West Africa containing hundreds of different ethnic groups and unified it, calling it Nigeria. Although the area contained many different groups, the three predominant groups were the Igbo , which formed between 60–70% of the population in the southeast; the Hausa-Fulani , which formed about 65% of the peoples in the northern part of the territory; and the Yoruba , which formed about 75% of the population in the southwestern part. Although these groups have their own homelands, by the 1960s they were dispersed across Nigeria, with all three ethnic groups represented substantially in major cities. When the war broke out in 1967 there were still 5,000 Igbos in Lagos. [27] The semi- feudal and Islamic Hausa-Fulani in the North were traditionally ruled by a feudal, conservative Islamic hierarchy consisting of Emirs who, in turn, owe


Suomi is the local name for which European country?

Finland - Republic of Finland - Country Profile - Suomi - Republiken Finland - Northern Europe Flag of Finland Background: Ruled by Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and by Russia from 1809, Finland finally won its independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and fend off invasions by the Soviet Union and Germany. In the subsequent half century, the Finns have made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. As a member of the European Union, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook) border countries: Norway , Sweden , Russia , maritime border with Estonia


The Attan, a Pashtun ethnic dance, is the national dance of which country?

Afghan Folk Dance – Attan | Crescent Moon Dance Company Afghan Folk Dance – Attan Afghan Folk Dance – Attan Location: Afghanistan Although it originated in the Pashtun region of Afghanistan, Attan, which is the Pashtun word for “dance,” is now considered to be the national folk dance of Afghanistan. This dance is done by men, women, girls, and boys, usually in segregated situations. The dance has regional variations throughout Afghanistan. It is typically done in a circle, and the music and movements tend to speed up as the dance progresses. Music for Attan is usually played in a 7/8 time signature. Dance Styles We offer a wide variety of ethnic dances from the Middle East and Central Asia. We can provide any length of program and any combination of dance styles to meet your entertainment needs. Our Dancers! Our dancers love to share their enjoyment of these beautiful dances with their audiences. We strive to provide first class, authenticate entertainment in a joyful educational atmosphere. Events 401 East Main Street, Louisville, Kentucky Sun - Nov 13th, 2016 1:00 pm - 1:30 pm


Diplopia is the medical term for which condition of the human body?

Definition of Diplopia Our Double Vision Main Article provides a comprehensive look at the who, what, when and how of Double Vision Definition of Diplopia Diplopia: A condition in which a single object appears as two objects. Also known as double vision . Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016 Use the pill finder tool on RxList. Suggested Reading on Double Vision by Our Doctors Related Diseases & Conditions Get the latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox! Trending on MedicineNet Get the Latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox! From ©1996-2017 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. Terms of Use. MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information . Health Categories


Battement tendu, Grand écart, Entrechat, Hortensia, and Sissonne are terms in what art form?

Ballet Glossary and Terms | Dance Art Gallery TEACHERS Ballet Glossary and Terms Ballet is a formalized type of dance; it is usually performed on stage as part of a ballet work which often includes mime, acting, story-telling, and is set to music. Dancers can perform either en pointe or demi-pointe; in ballet class, the dancers work either at the barre or in centre floor. A significant part of ballet terminology is in the French language, because ballet became formalized in France. The Paris Opera, originally known as the Royal Academy of Dance (founded in 1661 by King Louis XIV), features the oldest ballet company in the nation and arguably the world. A À la seconde To the side or in the second position. À la seconde usually means a step that moves sideways or a movement done to the side such as grand battement à la seconde. A technically challenging type of turn is pirouette à la seconde, where the dancer spins with the working leg in second position à la hauteur. This turn is usually performed by male dancers, and because of the advanced skills required to perform it correctly, it is seen as the male counterpart of fouettés en tournant. Adagio Adagio (Italian), adage (French; Gallicism from the Italian original), . From the Italian combination of the preposition A + AGIO (noun) with a D in between the two As for phonetic reasons (and elision): ad agio ? adagio (literally, at ease). In song, Adagio means “slowly”, and in ballet it means slow, enfolding movements, performed with the greatest amount of fluidity and grace as possible. In a classical ballet class, the Adagio portion of the lesson concentrates on slow movements to improve the dancer’s ability to control the leg and increase extension (i.e., to bring the leg into high positions with control and ease). Adagio combinations typically occur in the centre following exercises at the barre, and consist of the principal steps, plie, developpe, attitude, arabesque, and grande rond de jambe, to name a few. In a Grand Pas (or Classical Pas de deux, Grand Pas d’action, etc.), the Adagio is usually referred to as the Grand adage, and often follows the Entrée. This Adage is typically the outward movement of the Grand Pas where the female dancer is partnered by the lead male dancer and/or one or more suitors. In ballet, the word adagio does not refer to the music accompanying the dance but rather the type of balletic movement being performed. For example, the Grand adage of the famous Black Swan Pas de deux from Swan Lake is musically an Andante, while the choreography is Adagio. Allegro (Italian: al-LAY-groh) Meaning brisk, lively. A term applied to all bright, fast, or brisk movements. All steps of elevation such as the entrechat, cabriole, assemblé, jeté and so on, come under this classification. The majority of dances, both solo and group, are built on allegro. The most important qualities to aim at in allégro are lightness, smoothness and ballon. Allongé Adjective describing a position as stretched out or made longer, often used with arabesque. Aplomb Aplomb refers to stability of the position. Arabesque (ballet position) Arabesque is the position of the body supported on one leg, with the other leg extended behind the body with the knee straight. The standing leg may be either bent in plie or straight. Arabesque is used in both allegro and adagio choreography and generally concludes a phrase of steps. Assemblé French pronunciation: [as??ble] Sometimes also pas assemblé. Literally “assembled”. A jump which is launched from one foot and landed on both feet, where the first foot performs a battement glissé/degagé, “swishing” out. With the dancer launching into a jump, the second foot then swishes up under the first foot. The feet meet together in mid-air, and the dancer lands with both feet on the floor at the same time, in third or fifth position. Attitude Natalia Dudinskaya in attitude en pointe A position in which the dancer stands on one leg (known as the supporting leg) while the other leg (working leg) is lifted and well turned out with the knee bent at approximat


Who captained England's last Ashes winning cricket team in Australia prior to their 2010 victory?

England's former cricket captains - cricket - Telegraph England's former cricket captains 11:31PM BST 03 Aug 2008 Mike Brearley (1977-81) Tests record: P 31 W 18 L 4 D9 Rating: Outstanding Inspirational captain and outstanding man-manager who led England to three Ashes series wins in his two stints as captain. An outstanding leader who returned to motivate a demoralised side to victory in the 1981 Ashes following Ian Botham’s resignation. Ian Botham (1980-81) P 12 W 0 L 4 D 8 Rating: Flop Botham’s heroics with bat and ball may have inspired England to victory in the 1981 Ashes series, but the burdens of captaincy weighed heavily upon him. Botham resigned after the first two Tests of the 1981 Ashes series but was revitalised as a player when Brearley returned to inspire him. Related Articles P 7 W 1 L 1 D 5 Rating: Flop Fletcher could not repeat his success in county cricket, in which he led Essex to three County Championships, with England. Defensive tactics after England lost the first Test in India cost Fletcher the captaincy. Bob Willis (1982-84) P 18 W 7 L 5 D 6 Rating: Moderate Inspirational as a fast bowler but Willis took on the captaincy in the last two years of his career and proved the old adage that bowlers do not always make the best captains. Home series wins over Pakistan and India in 1982 were balanced by Ashes defeat the following winter a series loss in New Zealand the following year. David Gower (1982-89) P 32 W 5 L 18 D 9 Rating: Flop Gower’s languid approach may have helped him make batting look easy during an illustrious 177-Test career, but captaincy appeared more of a chore to him. Though Gower led England to Ashes success in 1985 that series was sandwiched between 'Blackwashes’ by the West Indies. Regained the captaincy for the 1989 Ashes which Australia won 4-0. Mike Gatting (1986-88) P 23 W 2 L 5 D 16 Rating: Qualified success. His captaincy was dogged by controversy including a row a row with umpire in Shakoor Rana in Pakistan in 1987 and an alleged encounter with a barmaid at the England team hotel during the Trent Bridge Test in 1988 which led to his sacking. But Gatting will be remembered as the last England captain to win an Ashes series in Australia Graham Gooch (1988-93) P 34 W 10 L 12 D 12 Rating: Moderate Hard work and determination turned Gooch into the leading run-scorer in top-class cricket and he brought those characteristics to his captaincy. Despite Gooch’s emphasis on fitness England failed to win a major series under Gooch, including two Ashes defeats by Allan Border’s Australians. Alec Stewart (1993-2001) P 15 W 4 L 8 D 3 Rating: Disappoinment Promoted from vice-captain when Mike Atherton resigned in 1998, Stewart enjoyed immediate success when he led England to their first major series win in 12 years against South Africa. But he was axed the following year after another Ashes series flop and an ignominious early exit from the World Cup in England. Mike Atherton (1993-2001) P 54 W 13 L 21 D 20 Rating: Qualified success Atherton’s captaincy was tainted by the 'dirt in pocket’ controversy against South Africa at Lord’s in 1993 and he was dubbed Captain Grumpy by the media for his sardonic press conferences. But he led a moderate side from the front on the pitch, playing a series of determined gritty innings against the likes of Curtly Ambrose, Courtney Walsh, Allan Donald and Wasim Akram. Nasser Hussain (1999-2003)


By which other name (alias) was the American outlaw Robert LeRoy Parker better known?

1000+ images about Ancestry : Butch Cassidy on Pinterest | The wild bunch, Utah and Denver Forward Etta Place was a companion of the American outlaws Butch Cassidy (real name Robert LeRoy Parker) and the Sundance Kid (Harry Alonzo Longabaugh), both members of the outlaw gang known as the Wild Bunch. Principally the companion of Longabaugh, little is known about her; both her origin and her fate remain mysterious. Despite Longabaugh and Parker's fame, by the mid-20th century, it was the mysterious vanishing of Place that sparked the most interest, which continues to the present day. See More


On the Mohs' Scale of mineral hardness, what is number one and softest, with the formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 and found in many bathrooms?

* Mohs hardness (Jewelry) - Definition,meaning - Online Encyclopedia A list of Precious and Semi Precious Gems tones and their Treatment s ... The Mohs Hardness Scale is not a linear scale - and it only measures resistance to scratch ing. This scale measures the surface hardness of minerals . Metal s are measured with the "Vickers" scale of hardness . Mohs Hardness : 7.5 to 8.0 Heat treatment usually enhances the bluish appearance of Aquamarine . Light green Beryl can be transformed into Aquamarine if heated to 750Âº F (400Âº C). The green hues in most Aquamarine can also be removed th rough heat treatment . Mohs Hardness Scale Numerical scale ranging from 1 to 10 developed by Friedrich Mohs that assigns a rating to a gem according to its ability to resist scratch ing. The hardest is 10 ( diamond ) and the softest is 1 ( talc ). The scale used to measure the degree to which a stone or mineral is resistant to scratches . Hardness is measured from 1 to 10, 10 ( diamonds ) being the hardest. Moisture Resistant ... A scale that ranges from 1-10 in measuring a gem 's hardness . Moh's scale ... The Mohs Hardness of Coins Experiments with using coins in your Mohs hardness kit. Gallery of this key attribute of minerals : how they reflect light. Pearls - Mohs Hardness: 2.5-4.5 - Treatment : most are bleached then dyed Pearls are formed in shell fish - especially oysters and mussels - as a natural defense against an irritant such as a piece of grit. On the famous Mohs hardness scale of 1 to 10, everyone knows that a diamond , as the hardest natural substance on earth, rates a 10. Rubies, at Mohs 9, are harder than any other material except diamonds . You may already have noticed that rubies and sapphire s are often paired. For good reason. Mohs hardness scale A scale of relevant Hardness , where 10 is the hardest and 1 is the softest. The Diamond ranks 10 on the Mohs Scale . Mother of Pearl The iridescent lining of the inside of a mollusk 's shell . Often used as decorative pieces, such as button s. Stone s that have a Mohs hardness of less than 8 are highly subject to scratch ing; harder stone s are less likely to be scratch ed but are still subject to chipping and fracture . Remember that quartz , with a hardness of 7, is one of the most abundant minerals on earth, in the form of sand, or silica . Alexandrite is a form of chrysoberyl and has a hardness of 8 on the Mohs Hardness Sale, making it extremely durable in jewelry . Alexandrite is one of June's alternative birthstones . Alloy :A blending of two or more metal s. Each reference mineral will scratch a test specimen with a Mohs hardness less than or equal to its own. Each reference mineral can be scratch ed by a specimen with a hardness equal to or greater than its own. Mohs Hardness Scale is the one we use to measure a gemstone ’s hardness on a scale from 1 to 10. Diamond ranks at 10 on the Mohs scale which is the hardest natural ly occurring substance. Corundum , of which ruby and sapphire are composed, is the next on Mohs scale . The hardness of the gem varies, but on an average it remains between 5 and 6 on the Mohs hardness scale . It is also quite porous and this can cause it to dis color over time, unless it has been treated . Common treatment s include the use of wax, paraffin and resin. 5 on the Mohs hardness scale ) and should be spared rugged, regular wear if mount ed in a ring . This is why the gem is more often used as a side stone for more expensive gems than as the center stone . The Mohs Hardness Scale is relative. Fluorite at 4 is not twice as hard as gypsum at 2; nor is the difference between calcite and fluorite similar to the difference between corundum and diamond . An absolute hardness scale looks a little different than the relative scale. 5-8 on the Mohs hardness scale . This means that emerald , while relatively hard, can still be scratch ed, chipped or split; Emeralds have been known to crack when exposed to extreme temperatures. It is number 1 on the Mohs hardness scale , and can be easily scratch ed by a fingernail. Talc is not commonly seen in co


What British coin, whose nickname strangely alludes to the leather industry, ceased to be legal tender in June 1980?

Slang money words,   meanings and origins While the origins of these slang terms are many and various,   certainly a lot of English money slang is rooted in various London communities,   which for different reasons liked to use language only known in their own   circles, notably wholesale markets, street traders, crime and the underworld,   the docks, taxi-cab driving, and the immigrant communities. London has for   centuries been extremely cosmopolitan, both as a travel hub and a place for   foreign people to live and work and start their own busineses. This contributed   to the development of some 'lingua   franca' expressions, i.e., mixtures of Italian, Greek, Arabic, Yiddish   (Jewish European/Hebrew dialect), Spanish and English which developed to enable   understanding between people of different nationalities, rather like a pidgin or hybrid   English. Certain lingua franca blended with 'parlyaree' or 'polari', which is   basically underworld slang. Backslang also contributes several slang money words. Backslang   reverses the phonetic (sound of the) word, not the spelling, which can produce   some strange interpretations, and was popular among market traders, butchers   and greengrocers. Here are the most common and/or interesting British slang money   words and expressions, with meanings, and origins where known. Many are now   obsolete; typically words which relate to pre-decimalisation coins, although   some have re-emerged and continue to do so. Some non-slang words are included where their origins are   particularly interesting, as are some interesting slang money expressions which   originated in other parts of the world, and which are now entering the English   language. A to Z of Money Slang archer = two thousand pounds (£2,000), late 20th   century, from the Jeffrey Archer court case in which he was alleged to have   bribed call-girl Monica Coughlan with this amount. ayrton senna/ayrton = tenner (ten pounds, £10) -   cockney rhyming slang created in the 1980s or early 90s, from the name of the   peerless Brazilian world champion Formula One racing driver, Ayrton Senna   (1960-94), who won world titles in 1988, 90 and 91, before his tragic death at   San Marino in 1994. bag/bag of sand = grand = one thousand pounds (£1,000),   seemingly recent cockney rhyming slang, in use from around the mid-1990s in   Greater London; perhaps more widely too. bar = a pound, from the late 1800s, and earlier a sovereign,   probably from Romany gypsy 'bauro' meaning heavy or big, and also influenced by   allusion to the iron bars use as trading currency used with Africans, plus a   possible reference to the custom of casting of precious metal in bars. bender = sixpence (6d) Another slang term with origins in the   1800s when the coins were actually solid silver, from the practice of testing   authenticity by biting and bending the coin, which would being made of   near-pure silver have been softer than the fakes. beer tokens = money. Usually now meaning one pound coins.   From the late 20th century. Alternatively beer vouchers, which commonly meant   pound notes, prior to their withdrawal. beehive = five pounds (£5). Cockney rhyming slang from   1960s and perhaps earlier since beehive has meant the number five in rhyming   slang since at least the 1920s. bees (bees and honey) = money. Cockney rhyming slang from the   late 1800s. Also shortened to beesum (from bees and, bees 'n', to   beesum). bice/byce = two shillings (2/-) or two pounds or twenty   pounds - probably from the French bis, meaning twice, which suggests usage is   older than the 1900s first recorded and referenced by dictionary sources. Bice   could also occur in conjunction with other shilling slang, where the word bice   assumes the meaning 'two', as in 'a bice of deaners', pronounced   'bicerdeaners', and with other money slang, for example bice of tenners,   pronounced 'bicertenners', meaning twenty pounds. big ben


What degrees temperature is the same in Centigrade/Celsius as it is in Fahrenheit?

Celsius, Centigrade and Fahrenheit Celsius, Centigrade and Fahrenheit What is the difference between Celsius, Centigrade and Fahrenheit? What is Celsius? °C This is the most common temperature scale in the world and the simplest to understand. Put simply, 0°C is the freezing point of water and 100°C is the boiling point of water. Centigrade is an old fashioned name for Celsius. You can abbreviate it to °C. The scale is named after Swedish scientist Anders Celsius (1701-1744).   What is Fahrenheit? °F Fahrenheit is still in everyday use in the USA and preferred by older people in the UK. In Fahrenheit the freezing point of water is 32°F and the boiling point is 212°F. You can abbreviate it to °F. The scale is named after its originator Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736).   Centigrade is the old fashioned name for Celsius. The name Centigrade was derived from the latin - meaning hundred degrees. When Anders Celsius created his original scale in 1742 he inexplicably chose 0° for the boiling point and 100° for the freezing point. One year later Frenchman Jean Pierre Cristin proposed an inverted version of the scale (freezing point 0°, boiling point 100°). He named it Centigrade. In 1948, by international agreement, Cristin's adapted scale became known as Celsius to honour the Swedish Scientist.   What is the difference between them? Celsius, Centigrade & Fahrenheit are all temperature scales. All thermometer temperatures can be expressed in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Both scales have the same value at -40°: -40°C = -40°F To convert between Celsius or Fahrenheit you can use the following equations:   °C = °F - 32 x (5/9) °F = °C / (5/9) + 32


In what form does keratin, the substance human fingernails and hair are made from, sell for more than gold, and endanger a species?

Rhinoceros | Rhino Horn Use: Fact vs. Fiction | Nature | PBS Rhino Horn Use: Fact vs. Fiction August 20, 2010 Explore more from this episode More All five of the world’s diverse species of rhinoceros have been brought to the edge of extinction because of human appetite for their distinctive horns. The horns have been prized for tens of centuries for their beautiful translucent color when carved, and their supposed healing properties. In the Middle Eastern country of Yemen, the horn continues to be coveted by Muslim men, although imports were banned in 1982. The material, whose luster increases with age, is used for the handles of curved daggers called “jambiya,” which are presented to Yemeni boys at age 12. Jambiya are considered a sign of manhood and devotion to the Muslim religion, and are used for personal defense. Yemeni men place great value on the dagger handles, which are commonly studded with jewels. In China, the ornamental use of rhino horn dates back to at least the 7th century AD. Over the centuries, rhino horns have been carved into ceremonial cups, as well as buttons, belt buckles, hair pins, and paperweights. Far more pervasive, however, is their use in the traditional medicine systems of many Asian countries, from Malaysia and South Korea to India and China, to cure a variety of ailments. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the horn, which is shaved or ground into a powder and dissolved in boiling water, is used to treat fever, rheumatism, gout, and other disorders. According to the 16th century Chinese pharmacist Li Shi Chen, the horn could also cure snakebites, hallucinations, typhoid, headaches, carbuncles, vomiting, food poisoning, and “devil possession.” (However, it is not, as commonly believed, prescribed as an aphrodisiac). In Yemen, the rhino horn is used for the handles of curved daggers called jambiya Historical mentions of other uses for the horns date back thousands of years. In Greek mythology, they were said to possess the ability to purify water. The ancient Persians of the 5th century BC thought that vessels carved from the horn could be used to detect poisoned liquids, causing bubbles in the presence of some poisons — a belief that persisted into the 18th and 19th centuries among the royal courts of Europe. Now, science is now stepping in to dispel some of the mystery and fiction surrounding the use of rhino horn. It is believed that there may be some truth behind the rhino horn’s ability to detect poisons which is linked to the composition of the horn. Rhino horns are composed largely of the protein keratin, also the chief component in hair, fingernails, and animal hooves. Many poisons are strongly alkaline (or basic), and may have reacted chemically with the keratin. Unlike the horns of most animals, which have a bony core covered by a relatively thin layer of keratin, rhino horns are keratin all the way through — although the precise chemical composition of the keratin will vary depending on a rhino’s diet and geographic location. This fact has allowed ecologist Raj Amin of the Zoological Society of London and his colleagues to take “fingerprints” of horn samples and determine the animal populations they came from, which has helped law enforcement officials target and crack down on poaching. Rhino horns are not, as once believed, made simply from a clump of compressed or modified hair. Recent studies by researchers at Ohio University using computerized tomography (CT) scans, have shown that the horns are, in fact, similar in structure to horses’ hooves, turtle beaks, and cockatoo bills. The studies also revealed that the centers of the horns have dense mineral deposits of calcium and melanin — a finding that may explain the curve and sharp tip of the horns. The calcium would strengthen the horn while the melanin would protect the core from being degraded by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. As the softer outer portion was worn away over time by the sun and typical rhino activities (bashing horns with other animals, or rubbing it on the ground), the inner core would be sharpened into a


The nuclear disaster site at Chernobyl, to which tourist visits begin/began in 2011, is in which country?

Chernobyl | Chernobyl Accident | Chernobyl Disaster - World Nuclear Association Chernobyl Accident 1986 (Updated November 2016) The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel. The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the atmosphere and downwind – some 5200 PBq (I-131 eq). Two Chernobyl plant workers died on the night of the accident, and a further 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute radiation poisoning. UNSCEAR says that apart from increased thyroid cancers, "there is no evidence of a major public health impact attributable to radiation exposure 20 years after the accident." Resettlement of areas from which people were relocated is ongoing. In 2011 Chernobyl was officially declared a tourist attraction. The April 1986 disaster at the Chernobyl a nuclear power plant in Ukraine was the product of a flawed Soviet reactor design coupled with serious mistakes made by the plant operators b . It was a direct consequence of Cold War isolation and the resulting lack of any safety culture.     The accident destroyed the Chernobyl 4 reactor, killing 30 operators and firemen within three months and several further deaths later. One person was killed immediately and a second died in hospital soon after as a result of injuries received. Another person is reported to have died at the time from a coronary thrombosis c . Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) was originally diagnosed in 237 people on-site and involved with the clean-up and it was later confirmed in 134 cases. Of these, 28 people died as a result of ARS within a few weeks of the accident. Nineteen more subsequently died between 1987 and 2004 but their deaths cannot necessarily be attributed to radiation exposure d . Nobody off-site suffered from acute radiation effects although a large proportion of childhood thyroid cancers diagnosed since the accident is likely to be due to intake of radioactive iodine fallout d . Furthermore, large areas of Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and beyond were contaminated in varying degrees. See also sections below and  Chernobyl Accident Appendix 2: Health Impacts . The Chernobyl disaster was a unique event and the only accident in the history of commercial nuclear power where radiation-related fatalities occurred e . However, the design of the reactor is unique and in that respect the accident is thus of little relevance to the rest of the nuclear industry outside the then Eastern Bloc. However, it led to major changes in safety culture and in industry cooperation, particularly between East and West before the end of the Soviet Union. Former President Gorbachev said that the Chernobyl accident was a more important factor in the fall of the Soviet Union than Perestroika – his program of liberal reform. The Chernobyl site and plant The Chernobyl Power Complex , lying about 130 km north of Kiev, Ukraine, and about 20 km south of the border with Belarus, consisted of four nuclear reactors of the RBMK-1000 design (see information page on RBMK Reactors ), units 1 and 2 being constructed between 1970 and 1977, while units 3 and 4 of the same design were completed in 1983. Two more RBMK reactors were under construction at the site at the time of the accident. To the southeast of the plant, an artificial lake of some 22 square kilometres, situated beside the river Pripyat, a tributary of the Dniepr, was constructed to provide cooling water for the reactors. This area of Ukraine is described as Belarussian-type woodland with a low population density. About 3 km away from the reactor, in the new city, Pripyat, there were 49,000 inhabitants. The old town of Chornobyl, which had a population of 12,500, is about 15 km to the southeast of the complex. Within a 30 km radius of the power plant, the total population was between 115,000 and 135,000. Source: OECD NEA The RBMK-1000 is a Soviet-designed and built graphite moderated pressure tube type reactor, using slightly enriched (2% U-235) uranium dioxide fuel. It is


What symbol commonly used in print, and titles especially, derives from a combination of the letters E and T?

Why I Love Ampersands & You Should Too | Design Shack Social: Why I Love Ampersands & You Should Too Without a doubt, the most beautiful character in the English language is the ampersand. The single character comes in so many fashions – from the simple & to the casual E- to t-style representations. But where did this character come from? What does it mean? And most importantly how can you take advantage of using it in your design projects? Here we will take a look at my favorite character from its history to uses and a gallery of great ampersands to inspire you. History Lesson The ampersand is a visual representation of the phrase “and, per se and.” It is a graphic representation of the Latin “et,” which translates to “and.” That definition is how the ampersand is most commonly used today — as an inclusionary symbol meaning “and.” The character dates to 45 A.D., according to a history of the letter by type designer Max Caflish for Adobe . The character appeared on papyrus and was handwritten in the Roman cursive style. The earliest representations of the character were a combination of the letters ET (in the form of a ligature) and evolved into the more common & single-character representation over the course of the next 700 years. Key points in ampersand history can be pinpointed to characters found in various writings, pictorial depictions and some even trace the ampersand back to a common phrase that came at the end of the alphabet. Here are some of the most well-documented highlights: 63 B.C.: Marcus Tullius Tiro included the phrase “and, per se and” at the end of his alphabet recitals and included a shorthand character to represent the phrase, but that character looked more like a 7 than modern ampersand. 45 A.D.: One of the first written ampersands was found on papyrus. 79 A.D.: A representation of ET was scribbled in Pompeian graffiti. 775 A.D.: The ET ligature becomes a part of the Roman alphabet and was more commonly depicted as a single character. The ampersand was included, albeit unofficially, in a character set written by Anglo-Saxon monk Byrhtferth, the author of many historical textbooks. 1440: Johannes Gutenberg includes the ampersand on his first printing press. 1499: Francesco Colonna’s “Hypnerotomachia Polophili,” printed by Aldus Manutius, used 25 different ampersands (and several representations) on one page of text. 1837: Modern dictionaries begin to include an entry for “ampersand.” 1899: The “Concise Manual on Typography” calls the ampersand “a sign interchangeable with the conjunction and.” The ampersand is now a common character in Roman lettering and typefaces created for the English language. Many of today’s ampersands are influenced by handwriting styles – much like the original characters – and calligraphy, making italic styles especially popular. Using Ampersands While ampersands are quite common, there is a set of standard usage for the character. Proper usage, while sometimes debated, is important to maintaining the integrity of the character. Ampersands can be used to represent “and” in phrases and names, but should not be used in the structure of a sentence as a substitute for and. Ampersands should be generally avoided in longer blocks of text. Ampersands can be used as a designation for a two-part name in a list to avoid confusion. Ampersands are commonly used in titles and business names (especially in the areas of law, consulting, engineering and architecture). Ampersands do not need to be preceded or followed by a comma in a list. An ampersand followed by “c.” can be used to represent the phrase “et cetera,” although this usage is rather uncommon. The preferred usage is “etc.” Ampersand Styles Typically designer use on of four different styles of ampersands in projects: Calligraphy or italic, traditional, contemporary or casual. Each style can include vast numbers of representations but can be identified by a few specific characteristics. Calligraphy: The calligraphic style of ampersands is among the oldest style of the character. Many ampersands of this style still have a look th


What is a filbert nut more commonly called, from the name of the tree bearing it?

Filbert | Define Filbert at Dictionary.com filbert noun 1. the thick-shelled, edible nut of certain cultivated varieties of hazel, especially of Corylus avellana, of Europe. 2. a tree or shrub bearing such nuts. Origin of filbert Expand 1250-1300 1250-1300; Middle English, short for filbert nut, so called because ripe by Aug. 22 (St. Philbert's day) Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for filbert Expand Historical Examples A lady came to the Consumptive's Home with a cancer in the cheek, which had attained the size of a filbert. British Dictionary definitions for filbert Expand noun 1. any of several N temperate shrubs of the genus Corylus, esp C. maxima, that have edible rounded brown nuts: family Corylaceae 2. Also called hazelnut, cobnut. the nut of any of these shrubs See also hazel (sense 1), hazel (sense 3) Word Origin C14: named after St Philbert, 7th-century Frankish abbot, because the nuts are ripe around his feast day, Aug 22 Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for filbert Expand n. "hazelnut," late 14c., from Anglo-French philber (late 13c.), from Norman dialect noix de filbert, in reference to St. Philbert, 7c. Frankish abbot, so called because the hazel nuts ripen near his feast day, Aug. 22 (Old Style). Weekley compares German Lambertsnuss "filbert," associated with St. Lambert (Sept. 17); also German Johannisbeere "red currant," associated with St. John's Day (June 24). The name is Old High German Filu-berht, literally "very bright." Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


On a western-style Qwerty keyboard, what number shares the key with the % symbol?

How do I use this Euro symbol/key on this US keyboard? - Hardware Hangout - Neowin Forums How do I use this Euro symbol/key on this US keyboard? March 25, 2011 Hey I have a US laptop and I recently changed the keyboard as one of the keys broke and I used the warrenty. This new keyboard is exactly the same (man it feels good to type on a brand new keyboard lol) but it has something change- Besides the number 5 is there the Euro symbol. It surprised me and the tech as this is the same part number as the US keyboard I had when I bought the laptop (and it did not have the euro symbol) We tried a few logic combinations but it would simply not print out. Does anyone have any ideas? Picture: Hmm. What did you already try? Ctrl, or Alt, or Fn + 5? Share this post March 25, 2011 unless it's built into the systems keyboard it won't be usable or maybe if you remap it to different locality or something but if it's just a replacement key it'll not be useable. However just the blue buttons on your other keys on the system it came from it could possibly be activated via the Fn[function] key + 5 Share this post OS: OS X Yosemite / Windows 7 Phone: Sony Xperia Z2 What's printed on the button has little effect on how Windows handles it. Try to see what other US keyboard layouts are available in Windows and try some out! Share this post OS: Windows 8 x64, Ubuntu 12.04 Phone: iPhone 4S Use Right Alt + 5 to access the ? symbol. (at least that's how it works on all British keyboards that I've used) Share this post Use Right Alt + 5 to access the ? symbol. (at least that's how it works on all British keyboards that I've used) yeah right Alt (Alt GR)+ 5 or Alt Gr+ e Share this post Hmm. What did you already try? Ctrl, or Alt, or Fn + 5? 5=5 Left Ctrl+Left Alt+5=(nothing) Left Ctrl+Left Shift+5=(nothing) Left Shift+Left Alt+5=Windows' sound "Error Beep" Left Shift+Left Ctrl+Left Alt+5=(nothing) Fn+Left Shift+5=% Fn+Left Alt+5=Windows' sound "Error Beep" Fn+Left Ctrl+5=(nothing) Fn+Left Ctrl+Left Alt+Left Shift+5=(nothing) If I missed any left combination say so before I try it on the right :p Share this post Just (Alt + 8364) and be done with it :p 2 people like this March 25, 2011 unless it's built into the systems keyboard it won't be usable or maybe if you remap it to different locality or something but if it's just a replacement key it'll not be useable. However just the blue buttons on your other keys on the system it came from it could possibly be activated via the Fn[function] key + 5 Tried the Fn key and nothing. What's printed on the button has little effect on how Windows handles it. Try to see what other US keyboard layouts are available in Windows and try some out! Its a possibility I also thought about Use Right Alt + 5 to access the ? symbol. (at least that's how it works on all British keyboards that I've used) yeah right Alt (Alt GR)+ 5 or Alt Gr+ e Right alt+5=Windows' sound "Error Beep" Share this post March 25, 2011 Just (Alt + 8364) and be done with it :p Yes, it is easier typing in that on a keyboard without a numeric pad which I would have to turn on the numeric lock and press the Fn key at the same time. :rolleyes: Those who believe in telekinetics, raise my hand. 103 Yes, it is easier typing in that on a keyboard without a numeric pad which I would have to turn on the numeric lock and press the Fn key at the same time. :rolleyes: You don't. Press the Fn (function) key, then the Alt key, then the numerical code. Also on the side note people here are trying to help you, so " :rolleyes: " isn't a way to go about getting help. Share this post March 25, 2011 You don't. Press the Fn (function) key, then the Alt key, then the numerical code. Also on the side note people here are trying to help you, so " :rolleyes: " isn't a way to go about getting help. Alt + 8364 Thats 5 keys to type one letter. So his suggestion isnt disrespectful towards me? His attitude was offensive as I was trying to find a natural way to do it. Share this post Those who believe in telekinetics, raise my hand. 103 It's not an everyday used key so IMO pre


What important river in south-west France and north-west Spain gives access to Bordeaux, and links the Mediterranean Sea to the Bay of Biscay?

Places in France MAP & PLACES TO VISIT Peillon is one of several perched villages in the Alpes-Maritimes department, just a few kilometres north of Monaco and the Cote d'Azur but at almost 400 metres altitude. It is in a startling location, on top of a cliff and with higher mountains rising behind the village, and one of the most attractive villages to be found in the area. The view up to the village as you approach along the narrow road is also one of the highlights, creating a very dramatic contrast with the Riviera coast to the south that you have only just left behind you. MAP & PLACES TO VISIT Porto-Vecchio is a very popular town on the south-east coast of Corsica about 25 kilometres north-east of Bonifacio. The town also has easy access to both beautiful beaches and high mountain scenery, which explains its popularity with visitors to Corsica. The marina part of the town is built on ex-salt marshes and salt continues to play an important role in the life of Porto-Vecchio. It was because of the marshes that this region was not developed earlier, since they were infested with mosquitoes and malaria until well into the 20th century, althouth the citadel on the hill dates back to the 16th century. During the mid-20th century the marshes were drained, which in combination with improved communication links has enabled the town to develop its current role as a seaside resort. MAP & PLACES TO VISIT The Pyrenees National Park is located within the French departments of the Hautes-Pyrénées and Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Midi-Pyrenees region of France. The parc encompasses a large part of the central Pyrenees mountain region along the border with Spain and is one of the eight national parks in France . It is a region with many scenic natural highlights including high mountains, lakes and waterfalls, forests and dramatic cliffs. While it is possible to enjoy some of the scenery from your car, typically by crossing the high mountain passes, the greatest enjoyment comes from walking or cycling in the region. MAP & PLACES TO VISIT Quimper is a popular and interesting town in south-west Brittany, and it is the capital (prefecture) of the Finistere department. The town is also in an attractive setting, in a pretty valley at the confluence of the Odet and Steir rivers. Although the history of Quimper dates back to roman times it was in medieval times that the town became an important regional centre. The town became wealthy from the 17th century onwards due to and the growth of the pottery making industry here. This long tradition of pottery making can be seen with lots of 'Quimper faience pottery' for sale with its trademark pattern as you explore the streets. We found a lovely plate, but the shop said it was 300 years old and cost £750. We didn't buy it! MAP & PLACES TO VISIT Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val is found in the south-east of the Tarn-et-Garonne department, close to Najac (Aveyron) and Cordes-sur-Ciel (Tarn). As well as being a charming French town, Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val is well placed for exploring the impressive scenery of the area and lies close to the beautiful Gorges de l'Aveyron. Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val has its origins in a Benedictine Monastery built in the 8th century. Some of the buildings of the main square and the surrounding streets date from the first half of the 12th century - notably older than most 'medieval villages'. The town was historically a stopping point on the pilgrimage path to Santiago de Compostela. MAP & PLACES TO VISIT Saint-Emilion is a town 35 kilometres east of Bordeaux in the Gironde department and in the Aquitaine region of south-west France. It is best known (indeed renowned the world over) for the vineyards which surround the town, Saint-Emilion being one of the four Bordeaux red wine regions, but is also an exceptionally attractive small town. The history of the town dates back almost 2000 years when the Romans planted vineyards here as early as the 2nd century AD, while Saint-Émilion itself dates from the 8th century when a Breton Monk called Emilion came to settle here in a hermitage c


Which US president had the nickname 'King of Camelot'?

How Jackie Kennedy Invented the Camelot Legend After JFK’s Death - The Daily Beast JFK How Jackie Kennedy Invented the Camelot Legend After JFK’s Death While the nation was still grieving JFK’s assassination, she used an influential magazine profile to rewrite her husband’s legacy and spawn Camelot. James Piereson 11.12.13 10:45 AM ET Few events in the postwar era have cast such a long shadow over our national life as the assassination of President John F. Kennedy fifty years ago this month. The murder of a handsome and vigorous president shocked the nation to its core and shook the faith of many Americans in their institutions and way of life. Those who were living at the time would never forget the moving scenes associated with President Kennedy’s death: the Zapruder film depicting the assassination in a frame-by-frame sequence; the courageous widow arriving with the coffin at Andrews Air Force Base still wearing her bloodstained dress; the throng of mourners lined up for blocks outside the Capitol to pay respects to the fallen president; the accused assassin gunned down two days later while in police custody and in full view of a national television audience; the little boy saluting the coffin of his slain father; the somber march to Arlington National Cemetery; the eternal flame affixed to the gravesite. These scenes were repeated endlessly on television at the time and then reproduced in popular magazines and, still later, in documentary films. They came to be viewed as defining events of the era. In their grief, Americans were inclined to take to heart the various myths and legends that grew up around President Kennedy within days of the assassination. Though the assassin was a communist and an admirer of Fidel Castro, many insisted that President Kennedy was a martyr to the cause of civil rights who deserved a place of honor next to Abraham Lincoln as a champion of racial justice. Others held him up as a great statesman who labored for international peace. But by far the most potent element of the Kennedy legacy was the one that associated JFK with the legend of King Arthur and Camelot. As with many of the myths and legends surrounding President Kennedy, this one was the creative contribution of Jacqueline Kennedy who imagined and artfully circulated it in those grief-filled days following her husband’s death. On the weekend following the assassination and state funeral, Mrs. Kennedy invited the journalist Theodore White to the Kennedy compound in Hyannis for an exclusive interview to serve as the basis for an essay in a forthcoming issue of Life magazine dedicated to President Kennedy. White was a respected journalist and the author of the best selling chronicle of the 1960 campaign, The Making of the President, 1960, that portrayed candidate Kennedy in an especially favorable light and his opponent (Richard Nixon) in a decidedly negative light. White had also known Joseph Kennedy, Jr. (John F. Kennedy’s older brother) while a student at Harvard in the late 1930s. Mrs. Kennedy reached out to White in the reasonable belief that he was a journalist friendly to the Kennedy family. In that interview Mrs. Kennedy pressed upon White the Camelot image that would prove so influential in shaping the public memory of JFK and his administration. President Kennedy, she told the journalist, was especially fond of the music from the popular Broadway musical, Camelot, the lyrics of which were the work of Alan Jay Lerner, JFK’s classmate at Harvard. The musical, which featured Richard Burton as Arthur, Julie Andrews as Guinevere, and Robert Goulet as Lancelot, had a successful run on Broadway from 1960 to 1963. According to Mrs. Kennedy, the couple enjoyed listening to a recording of the title song before going to bed at night. JFK was especially fond of the concluding couplet: “Don’t ever let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief shining moment that was Camelot.” President Kennedy, she said, was strongly attracted to the Camelot legend because he was an idealist who saw history as something made by heroes like


What is generally suggested to be the fourth spatial dimension in addition to the first three (of length, area and volume)?

Physicists continue work to abolish time as fourth dimension of space Physicists continue work to abolish time as fourth dimension of space April 14, 2012            by Lisa Zyga report Light clocks A and B moving horizontally through space. According to length contraction, clock A should tick faster than clock B. In a new study, scientists argue that there is no length contraction, and both clocks should tick at the same rate in accordance with special relativity. Image credit: Sorli and Fiscaletti. (Phys.org) -- Philosophers have debated the nature of time long before Einstein and modern physics. But in the 106 years since Einstein, the prevailing view in physics has been that time serves as the fourth dimension of space, an arena represented mathematically as 4D Minkowski spacetime. However, some scientists, including Amrit Sorli and Davide Fiscaletti, founders of the Space Life Institute in Slovenia, argue that time exists completely independent from space. In a new study, Sorli and Fiscaletti have shown that two phenomena of special relativity - time dilation and length contraction - can be better described within the framework of a 3D space with time as the quantity used to measure change (i.e., photon motion) in this space. The scientists have published their article in a recent issue of Physics Essays. The work builds on their previous articles , in which they have investigated the definition of time as a numerical order of material change. The main concepts of special relativity - that the speed of light is the same in all inertial reference frames, and that there is no absolute reference frame - are traditionally formulated within the framework of Minkowski spacetime. In this framework, the three spatial dimensions are intuitively visualized, while the time dimension is mathematically represented by an imaginary coordinate, and cannot be visualized in a concrete way. In their paper, Sorli and Fiscaletti argue that, while the concepts of special relativity are sound, the introduction of 4D Minkowski spacetime has created a century-long misunderstanding of time as the fourth dimension of space that lacks any experimental support. They argue that well-known time dilation experiments, such as those demonstrating that clocks do in fact run slower in high-speed airplanes than at rest, support special relativity and time dilation but not necessarily Minkowski spacetime or length contraction. According to the conventional view, clocks run slower at high speeds due to the nature of Minkowski spacetime itself as a result of both time dilation and length contraction. But Sorli and Fiscaletti argue that the slow clocks can better be described by the relative velocity between the two reference frames, which the clocks measure, not which the clocks are a part of. In this view, space and time are two separate entities. With clocks we measure the numerical order of motion in 3D space , Sorli told Phys.org. Time is 'separated' from space in a sense that time is not a fourth dimension of space. Instead, time as a numerical order of change exists in a 3D space. Our model on space and time is founded on measurement and corresponds better to physical reality. To illustrate the difference between the two views of time, Sorli and Fiscaletti consider an experiment involving two light clocks. Each clock's ticking mechanism consists of a photon being reflected back and forth between two mirrors, so that a photon's path from one mirror to the other represents one tick of the clock. The clocks are arranged perpendicular to each other on a platform, with clock A oriented horizontally and clock B vertically. When the platform is moved horizontally at a high speed, then according to the length contraction phenomenon in 4D spacetime, clock A should shrink so that its photon has a shorter path to travel, causing it to tick faster than clock B. But Sorli and Fiscaletti argue that the length contraction of clock A and subsequent difference in the ticking rates of clocks A and B do not agree with special relativity, which postul


What German word refers to a 'double' of a living person, often an evil version?

Doppelg�nger - TV Tropes "Talk about being your own worst enemy." — Lara Croft in Tomb Raider (after sending a mutant copy of herself into a lava pit) Doppelgänger, with an umlaut and a majuscule, is the German word for a ghostly double of a living person or more commonly simply a word for someone looking exactly like someone else, i.e. an impostor or double. It means "double (walker)", in the original. It is often said that one who sees their own Doppelgänger will die soon. In fiction, this is usually because they kill you themselves and take your place . Traditionally, Doppelgängers have strange, supernatural origins, unlike twins which usually have more natural explanations. A Mirror Universe , Cloning , alien intervention, and magic are all possible sources of a Doppelgänger. For purposes of clarity, this index includes both mundane and supernatural impersonators of a character. For twins related by blood, see Twin Tropes . See also Disguise Tropes . If a good character has an evil Doppelgänger, the Doppelgänger is an Evil Twin . Specific types of Doppelgängers include:


What is iron pyrites (iron disulfide, FeS2) commonly called, because it resembles a precious metal?

PYRITE (Iron Sulfide) Specimens Pyrite is the classic "Fool's Gold". There are other shiny brassy yellow minerals, but pyrite is by far the most common and the most often mistaken for gold . Whether it is the golden look or something else, pyrite is a favorite among rock collectors. It can have a beautiful luster and interesting crystals. It is so common in the earth's crust that it is found in almost every possible environment, hence it has a vast number of forms and varieties. Bravoite is the name given to a nickel-rich iron sulfide. It is closely related to pyrite but contains up to 20% nickel. Some mineral books treat it as a variety of pyrite. Pyrite is a polymorph of marcasite , which means that it has the same chemistry, FeS2, as marcasite; but a different structure and therefore different symmetry and crystal shapes. Pyrite is difficult to distinguish from marcasite when a lack of clear indicators exists. Pyrite's structure is analogous to galena's structure with a formula of PbS. Galena, though, has a higher symmetry. The difference between the two structures is that the single sulfur of galena is replaced by a pair of sulfurs in pyrite. The sulfur pair are covalently bonded together in essentially an elemental bond. This pair disrupts the four fold symmetry that a single atom of sulfur would have preserved and thus gives pyrite a lower symmetry than galena. Although pyrite is common and contains a high percentage of iron, it has never been used as a significant source of iron. Iron oxides such as hematite and magnetite , are the primary iron ores. Pyrite is not as ecomonical as these ores possibly due to their tendency to form larger concentrations of more easily mined material. Pyrite would be a potential source of iron if these ores should become scarce. Pyrite has been mined for its sulfur content, however. During WWII, sulfur was in demand as a strategic chemical and North American native sulfur mines were drying up. A sulfide deposit near Ducktown, Tennessee contained commercially valuable deposits of pyrite and other sulfides such as pyrrhotite and pentlandite and produced the needed sulfur as well as iron and other metals. The sulfur was used in the production of sulfuric acid, an important chemical for industrial purposes. Now most sulfur production comes from H2S gas recovered from natural gas wells. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:


Related to the early development and measurement of steam engines what traditional unit of energy equates typically to between 735-746 watts?

OSHA Technical Manual (OTM) | Section III: Chapter 5 - Noise | Occupational Safety and Health Administration Occupational Safety and Health Administration The mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by OSHA or the U.S. Government. I. Introduction Noise, or unwanted sound, is one of the most common occupational hazards in American workplaces. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimates that 30 million workers in the United States are exposed to hazardous noise. Exposure to high levels of noise may cause hearing loss, create physical and psychological stress, reduce productivity, interfere with communication, and contribute to accidents and injuries by making it difficult to hear warning signals. This chapter provides technical information and guidance to help Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs) evaluate noise hazards in the workplace. The content is based on currently available research publications, OSHA standards, and consensus standards. The chapter is divided into six main sections. Following this introduction, the second section provides background information about noise and noise regulations and an overview of noise controls. The third section describes worksite noise evaluations, including noise measurement equipment, noise evaluation procedures, and noise sampling. The fourth section offers investigative guidelines (including methods for planning the investigation) and outlines a strategy for conducting noise evaluations. The fifth section describes noise hazard abatement and control, including engineering and administrative controls, hearing protection, noise conservation programs, cost comparisons between noise hazard abatement options, and case studies. The final two sections provide references used to produce this chapter and resources for obtaining additional information. Following the main sections, the appendices provide a glossary of terms, sample calculations, and expanded discussion of certain topics introduced in the chapter. II. Background Information A. What Is Noise? Occupational noise can be any sound in any work environment. A textbook definition of sound is "a rapid variation of atmospheric pressure caused by some disturbance of the air." Sound propagates as a wave of positive pressure disturbances (compressions) and negative pressure disturbances (rarefactions), as shown in Figure 1. Sound can travel through any elastic medium (e.g., air, water, wood, metal). Figure 1. Sound Waves   When air molecules are set to vibrate, the ear perceives the variations in pressure as sound (OTM/Driscoll). The vibrations are converted into mechanical energy by the middle ear, subsequently moving microscopic hairs in the inner ear, which in turn convert the sound waves into nerve impulses. If the vibrations are too intense, over time these microscopic hairs can be damaged, causing hearing loss. Noise is unwanted sound. In the workplace, sound that is intense enough to damage hearing is unwanted and, therefore, is considered to be noise. Several key terms describe the qualities of sound. These qualities influence how it affects hearing and health, how it is measured, and how it can be controlled. Effective occupational noise investigations require the investigator to understand these basic terms. B. Basic Qualities of Sound Figure 2. Wavelength Wavelength The wavelength (Î») is the distance traveled by a sound wave during one sound pressure cycle, as shown in Figure 2. The wavelength of sound is usually measured in meters or feet. Wavelength is important for designing engineering controls. For example, a sound-absorbing material will perform most effectively if its thickness is at least one-quarter the wavelength. Frequency Frequency, f, is a measure of the number of vibrations (i.e., sound pressure cycles) that occur per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz), where one Hz is equal to one cycle per second. Sound frequency is perceived as pitch (i.e., how high or low a tone is). The frequency range sensed by the ear varies con