The Red Lake Mine, said to produce the richest gold ore in the world is in which country?

INFOGRAPHIC: Red Lake - The high-grade gold capital of the world | MINING.com Mar. 6, 2015, 6:15 AM | PeopleMine Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Email Print In Red Lake, Ontario, some of the world's richest gold deposits can be found. There are places where gold is regularly produced at the astonishing rate of two troy ounces per tonne. Learn about Red Lake's fascinating history, including the famous "Goldcorp Challenge", and the upcoming projects in the area today. Sponsored by Gold Canyon Resources (TSX-V: GCU) Every major gold producing country has an iconic gold producing trend that is synonymous with prosperity. South Africa has the Witwatersrand Basin and the United States has the Carlin Trend in Nevada. While Canada has had many prolific gold producing regions over the years, including many famous gold rushes, lately the gold capital of Canada rests in Red Lake, Ontario. It is here – in some of the world’s richest gold deposits – that the yellow metal is famously produced at the astonishing rate of two troy ounces per tonne. The Geology Like much gold in Ontario and Quebec, deposits are found in a greenstone formation at Red Lake. Most of the gold production in the district has come from structurally controlled vein-type gold deposits near regional mafic volcanic-sediment contact or ‘breaks’. Major gold camps in the Timmins and Kirkland Lake areas of northeastern Ontario also show a close association with similar breaks. However, Red Lake’s major discovery in 1995 of the High Grade Zone makes it about 50 years “newer” for exploration potential. The History Gold was discovered on the shores of Red Lake by L.B. Howey in 1925. Word spread quickly and the town experienced a sudden surge in economic, industrial, and population growth. People travelled by dog team, on foot, or by open cockpit airplanes to seek their fortune. By 1936, Red Lake’s Howey Bay was the busiest airport in the world, with more flights taking off and landing per hour than any other. Between Howey and the Hasaga Mine next door, a total of 600,000 oz gold was produced. But, it would be later discoveries that would make Red Lake the future capital of high-grade gold. In 1938, the mill started at the Madsen Mine. It would produce for the next 36 years. In 1948 and 1949 respectively, the Arthur White Mine (later Dickenson and Red Lake) mine and then the Campbell Mine went into production. The Challenge In the 1989, Rob McEwen gained control of an underperforming mine previously known as the Arthur White Mine and then the Dickenson Mine. McEwen, the CEO of Goldcorp, knew the mine could have similar grade and potential to the surrounding mines such as the Campbell Mine. In 1995, the High Grade Zone was discovered. Nine drill holes averaged 9.08 ounces of gold over 7.5 feet, but the company still found the overall geology to be challenging. In 2000 at PDAC, Mr. McEwen launched the “Goldcorp Challenge” and posted decades of geological data on its Red Lake Mine to its corporate website. Geologists, scientists, and engineers from around the world were encouraged to examine the data and submit proposals as to where the next six million ounces of gold would be found. There was a purse of $575,000 USD up for grabs. It was viewed 475,000 times and 1,400 prospectors from 51 countries registered as participants. Finishing 1st place in the contest: First Prize – US$95,000 – Fractal Graphics and Taylor Wall & Associates Today at Red Lake Since 1925, there have been 28 operating mines and 28 million oz of gold produced at Red Lake. The majority has come from four mines: Red Lake (Dickenson), Campbell, Madsen, and Cochenour. The biggest producing mine in 2014 was Goldcorp’s Red Lake Mine, which produced 414,400 oz. The High Grade Zone is the backbone of the operation, with an average grade of more than two ounces per tonne. There are several current projects of note in the district: Rubicon Minerals: Rubicon’s Phoenix / F2 Deposit is expected to go into production in mid-2015. It is expected (conservatively) to produce 2.19 million oz with a head grade of 8.1 g/t Au Gold C


How many cards are dealt to each player at the start of a game of Blackjack or Pontoon?

Pontoon Card Game - How to Play Pontoon Blackjack US Players and Credit Card Deposits Accepted! Pontoon Card Game How to Play Pontoon Pontoon is a British card game that is very similar to conventional American blackjack where players are trying to get closest to 21, without going over. The game is originally derived from the French card game Vingt-et-un. This game can be played with two or more players, but 5-8 players are generally recommended for premium play. The game uses a standard 52 card deck of playing cards (using 2 decks is recommended for games with more than 8 players). Players will also need either money or chips, to place their wagers. How to Deal Pontoon Before the game begins, one player is chosen to be the banker. The banker has an advantage in Pontoon so the first banker is usually chosen by having all players cut for a high card. The player with the highest card becomes the initial banker. The minimum and maximum bets are usually also decided before the game begins. To begin the game, the banker deals one card face down to each player. The banker should start by dealing to the player to the left of the dealer and should end on the dealer. All players, besides the banker, can look at their card. Starting with the player to the left of the dealer and going around the table clockwise, each player (other than the banker) places their initial bets within the agreed upon betting limits. After all bets have been placed, the dealer will deal each player a second face down card, which all players can look at. Each player should now have two face down cards. How to Score Pontoon The scoring of Pontoon is almost identical to the game of blackjack. All numbered cards are worth their face value in points. For example, the 6 of diamonds is worth 6 points. All paint cards (Jacks, Queens, and Kings) are worth 10 points each. The final card, the Ace, is worth either 1 point or 11 points, at the decision of the card holder. Pontoon is scored by adding up your total points and trying to reach 21, without going over. If you achieve more than 21 points, you have busted and lose the hand. For example, if you were dealt a Jack and a 4, you'd have a total of 14 points. The game is won by reaching a total higher than the banker, without going over 21. If a player and the banker have equal points at the end of the hand, the banker always wins. There are a few special card combinations in Pontoon that should be mentioned. The two important combinations are Pontoons and Five Card Tricks. Aside from these special combinations mentioned below, every other hand in the game is simply scored at its numerical value. Pontoon Pontoon is when a player is dealt two initial cards that toal 21 points, similar to blackjack. This is the best hand in the game and can only be achieved by receiving both an Ace and a 10 point card (10, Jack, Queen, or King). Pontoon hands receive a double stake at the end of the hand. If you wagered $5 and got a Pontoon, you'd be paid $10 on top of your $5 wager. Five Card Trick The second best hand in this game is called a Five Card Trick. A player has a Five Card Trick when they end up with 5 cards, without going over 21 points. A Pontoon beats a Five Card Trick. A Five Card Trick beats a three or four card 21, even if the Five Card Trick is less than 21. Five Card Tricks are also paid double stake when the hand is over. Three or Four Card 21's The third best hand in Pontoon are hands with 3 or 4 cards, that total 21. They beat all natural totals of less than 21 but do not beat Pontoons or Five Card Tricks. The next best hand would be 20, then 19, then 18, etc. Player's Options If the banker does not have a Pontoon (in which all players lose immediately), each player has several options for improving their hand. You should first begin by checking to see if you have a Pontoon. If you do, place the Ace face up on top of your bottom 10 point card. This hand is an automatic winner and you have no more options. If your total is less than 21, you have the option of getting additional cards. Your first option is to bu


In male nobility what title is conventionally regarded to be the next level below that of Emperor?

A Glossary of European Noble, Princely, Royal and Imperial Titles 1. Introduction. 1.1. Description. This is a web version of a FAQ originally developed for <alt.talk.royalty>. 1.2. Scope. This document limits itself to collecting, organizing and defining the various imperial, royal, princely, and noble titles encountered in Europe and may be considered a work of lexicography. A good dictionary knows when to provide additional information, especially when the cultural or historical background of the terms discussed are part of something the expected readership cannot be presumed to know as a matter of general knowledge. On the other hand, it should be noted that this is not a formal work; rather it is an ongoing thing developed for my own education and entertainment as much as for that of anyone else who may read it. 1.3. Limitations. As stated, this attempts to limit itself to titles, and these titles are exclusively European; in the future, I would like see sections on non-European titles, i.e., Islamic and Asian, but this falls outside my present competence. Other questions, such as specific national usages are not as yet addressed in adequate detail. The question of styles, i.e., the way a sovereign or noble is addressed ("Her Royal Highness", "Your Grace"), is mentioned only in passing. There are times, however, when the distinction between "style" and "title" is unclear, and I make no claim to consistency or precision when calling something a title. François Velde has the most serene highness of a site that discusses styles: http://128.220.1.164/heraldry/topics/highness.htm 1.4. Organization. I have used the British system as the departure point for my discussions, as this is the one most familiar to the expected readership. However, a major caution is necessary: the British system is narrower, somewhat more exclusive and altogether, much tidier than those found on the continent, where one encounters a larger number of titles and what seems to be finer gradations between them. For example, "prince" is often a grade above the merely noble but is not quite royal, while the distinctions between the different species of "Graf" in the German system makes a full correlation with the British system impossible. 1.5 Version History. Preliminary versions of this were posted on <alt.talk.royalty> as well as circulated privately. A version has been posted to news.answers and alt.answers. This web version is a revision of that and by the next official posting of the ascii-version of the FAQ, the two will hopefully be in complete accord. 1.6. Invitation. As always, comments, corrections and kvetches are welcomed. You may respond on the newsgroup alt.talk.royalty and/or to me via e-mail. I do not claim to be infallible -- nor even completely accurate, though I make every effort to be so. Much of this work represents the contributions culled from others more knowledgeable than I, and if this is to develop further, additional such contributions are actively solicited. In particular, I would like fuller information on the actual words used in the various European languages for titles such as "count", "duke", etc, as well as information on the patterns of noble titles found in each European nation-state. 1.7. Credits. First, I need to thank the regular posters on a.t.r., but especially, Louis Epstein, Shinjinee Sen, Jacqueline Ximenes, D.A. Willis, Patrick O'Shea, Guy Stair Sainty, Stan Brown, Deven Mercer, Jeff Leader, William Addams Reitweisner, Mark Anthony Rodriguez and Marlene Eilers Koenig. A very special thanks needs to be given to François Velde, both for his contributions as well as his hosting of this web page at his site. 1.8. Future Growth. There is much that could and should be added, just in terms of titles, especially German ones. I would like to see individual sections dedicated to individual national usages. François Velde's web site has good material on the French practices; nothing comparable, however, exists for Iberian or Italian usages (the latter of which is quite complex), and I really only touch the surface w


What is the name of the outer plasma atmosphere of the sun, visible with the naked eye during an eclipse?

Sun's Outer Atmosphere Revealed By Total Solar Eclipse Sun's Outer Atmosphere Revealed By Total Solar Eclipse By Tariq Malik, Space.com Managing Editor | July 16, 2010 12:06pm ET MORE The atmosphere of the sun blazes clearly in a new image from NASA that combines observations from Earth and space during the only total solar eclipse of this year. The new solar eclipse photo used observations from two NASA space telescopes and ground-based astronomers from Williams College in Massachusetts to assemble a detailed look at the sun's ultra-hot corona when the moon completely blocked the sun during the July 11 total solar eclipse . "The sky was wonderful," Williams College astronomer Jay Pasachoff told SPACE.com after the eclipse. Pasachoff led a Williams team that ventured to the remote Easter Island in the southern Pacific Ocean to study the sun's corona during the solar eclipse. [2010 Total Solar Eclipse Photos] Atmosphere of the sun The corona is the outer atmosphere of the sun and can be seen only during solar eclipses . While the surface of the sun is typically about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,538 degrees Celsius), the gas in the corona can be up to 100 times hotter. During a total eclipse, when the disk of the sun is entirely blocked by the moon, the corona is suddenly visible as bright, wispy tendrils that can be safely viewed with the naked eye. (Protective glasses are required to watch the phases of the eclipse before and after totality. Viewing the sun?s disk directly can cause permanent eye damage.) Sun's corona revealed The NASA photo of the July 11 solar eclipse is a mosaic of three images layered on top of each other. The photo's outer ring in red is a false-color view of the sun's outer corona recorded by the LASCO instrument on the SOHO space observatory (a joint project of NASA and the European Space Agency), which observes the sun at a stable point in space between the star and Earth. LASCO is a coronagraph that uses a disk to blot out the sun and inner corona so its faint outer corona can be observed. Pasachoff's observing team took the gray-and-white image that makes up the eclipse photo's middle ring. The corona's tendrils are easily visible in this ring stretching out away from the sun. In place of the moon at the center of the new image, NASA has added a view of the sun's surface as seen by the space agency's powerful Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The SDO photo is actually an extreme ultraviolet light view of the sun, but was taken at about the same time as the others that make up the solar eclipse mosaic. The July 11 solar eclipse was the only total solar eclipse for this year, but it was actually the second solar eclipse to occur in 2010. An annular solar eclipse, in which the sun was not completely covered by the moon, occurred on Jan. 15. The total eclipse was touted as one of the most remote solar eclipses ever because it occurred over a hard-to-reach swath of the Pacific Ocean, visible on only a few islands and part of South America. "An impossible eclipse at the end of the world," said skywatcher Daniel Fischer, who watched the solar eclipse from the Patagonia region of Argentina as the sun set behind the Andes mountains. The next total solar eclipse will occur in November 2012. Photos: Total Solar Eclipse of 2010


"The label on a Jack Daniel's whiskey bottle refers to ""Old No. 'what number' Brand""?"

Old No. 7 | Jack Daniel's JACK DANIEL DISTILLERY LYNCHBURG, TENNESSEE JACK DANIEL’S, OLD NO. 7, TENNESSEE FIRE,  TENNESSEE HONEY, AND GENTLEMAN JACK are registered trademarks of Jack Daniel's. © 2017. All rights reserved. All other trademarks and trade names are properties of their respective owners. TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION, VISIT RESPONSIBILITY.ORG AND OURTHINKINGABOUTDRINKING.COM


Al Maghrib - a common shortening of al-Mamlaka al-Magribiyya ('The Western Kingdom') - is the local name for which country?

Morocco (Wikipedia encyclopedia) - Pondok Maya Bersama Mohd Roslan Bin Abdul Ghani Pondok Maya Bersama Mohd Roslan Bin Abdul Ghani The pondokmayacom site is entirely supported by individual donors. If you are a regular user of the site please donate generously by following  this link . 2208days since 181/sq mi GDP  ( PPP )2006 estimate - Total$152.5 billion ( 54th ) -  Per capita $4,600 ( 109th ) HDI  (2007)▲ 0.646 (medium) ( 126th ) Currency Moroccan dirham  ( MAD ) Time zone WET  ( UTC +0) - Summer ( DST ) WEST  ( UTC +1) Internet TLD .ma Calling code +212 *All data excludes Western Sahara, much of which is under Moroccan de factoadministrative control. 1 French  is widely used in the government in official texts, and in the business community, though neither instance is 'official.' Moroccan Arabic , an Arabic vernacular is the most common native language.  Amazigh  or Berber languages are also widely spoken. Morocco ( Arabic :  المغرب  "al-Maghrib"), officially the Kingdom of Morocco [2]  ( Arabic :المملكة المغربية), is a country in  North Africa  with a population of 33,757,175. It has a coast on the  Atlantic Ocean  that reaches past the  Strait of Gibraltar  into the  Mediterranean Sea . Morocco has international borders with  Algeria  to the east,  Spain  to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with two small Spanish  autonomous cities ,  Ceuta  and  Melilla ), and  Mauritania  to the south. [3] Morocco is the only  African  country that is not currently a member of the  African Union . However, it is a member of the  Arab League  at present,  Arab Maghreb Union , the Francophonie ,  Organization of the Islamic Conference ,  Mediterranean Dialogue  group, and  Group of 77 , and is a  major non-NATO ally of the United States . Name The full  Arabic  name Al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiya translates to "The Western Kingdom."Al-Maghrib (meaning "The West") is commonly used. For historical references, medieval Arab historians and geographers used to refer to Morocco as Al-Maghrib al Aqşá ("The Farthest West"), disambiguating it from neighboring historical regions called al-Maghrib al Awsat ("The Middle West",  Algeria ) and al-Maghrib al Adna ("The Nearest West", Tunisia ). [4] The Latinized name "Morocco" originates from medieval  Latin  "Morroch," which referred to the name of the former  Almoravid  and  Almohad  capital,  Marrakech . [5]  The Persians straightforwardly call it "Marrakech" [6]  while the Turks call it "Fas" which comes from the ancient  Idrisid  and  Marinid  capital,  Fès . [7] The word "Marrakech" is presumably derived from the  Berber  word Mur-Akush meaningLand of God. History Berber Morocco The area of present-day Morocco has been inhabited since  Neolithic times  (at least since 8000 BC, as attested by signs of the  Capsian culture ), a period when the  Maghreb was less arid than it is today. Many theorists believe the Amazigh people, commonly referred to as  Berbers  or by their regional ethnic identity (e.g.  Chleuh ), probably arrived at roughly the same time as the inception of  agriculture  in the region. In the classical period, Morocco was known as  Mauretania , although this should not be confused with the modern country of  Mauritania . Roman and pre-Roman Morocco A  Roman   mosaic  in  Volubilis . North Africa and Morocco were slowly drawn into the wider emerging  Mediterranean  world by Phoenician trading colonies and settlements in the late Classical period. The arrival of Phoenicians heralded a long engagement with the wider Mediterranean, as this strategic region formed part of the  Roman Empire , as  Mauretania Tingitana . In the  fifth century , as the Roman Empire declined, the region fell to the  Vandals ,  Visigoths , and then  Byzantine Greeks  in rapid succession. During this time, however, the high mountains of most of modern Morocco remained unsubdued, and stayed in the hands of their Berber inhabitants. Medieval Morocco By the  seventh century , Islamic expansion was at its greatest. In 670 AD, the first Islamic conquest of the  North African  coastal


In Greek mythology, who did Leander fall in love with and swim every night across the Hellespont to be with?

Hellespont * People, Places, & Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant H to Helike Helikon to Hexa Hieroglyphics to Holy Twain Homados to Hystaspes 2 Hellespont The ancient Greek name for the Dardanelles Strait which separates European Turkey from Asian Turkey; the narrow waterway connects the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean Sea ; approximately 37 miles (60 kilometers) long and up to 4 miles (6.5 kilometers) wide. The name literally means Helle’s Sea because it was named after the maiden, Helle , when she fell from the back of the flying ram with the Golden Fleece and drowned in the sea below; Helle and her brother, Phrixus , were attempting to escape the evil plotting of their stepmother, Ino , when Helle fell from the ram and drowned. The Hellespont also claimed the lives of the two young lovers, Leander and Hero ; the city of Abydos was on the Asian side of the Hellespont and the city of Sestos was on the Greek side; each night, Leander would swim from Abydos to Sestos in order to meet the beautiful priestess of Aphrodite (goddess of Love), Hero ; Leander would swim the channel with the lights of Sestos to guide him; one night Leander lost his way in a storm and drowned before he could reach the shore; Hero was so distraught that she threw herself in the sea where she also perished in the cruel water. The Persian army of Xerxes built a 4,077 foot pontoon bridge across the Hellespont during the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE; in order to span the channel, a series of boats were lashed side-to-side and planks were laid across the boats from one shore to the other; when violent winds broke the bridge to pieces, Xerxes had men with whips pronounce curses and deliver three hundred lashes on the water; he lowered a yoke into the water to symbolize his domination and finally branded the water with hot irons; the men who had been responsible for the bridge’s construction were beheaded; after he had calmed down, Xerxes repented and made offerings to the water spirits of the Hellespont so that he might be forgiven for his act of irreverence; to appease the waterway, he burned incense, poured libations, offered myrtle branches, a golden cup and bowl and also a sword; whether Xerxes did these things to appease the Hellespont or as a tribute to the sun god of Greece is not clear, regardless, the bridge was completed and the troops marched safely across. The name of the Hellespont was changed to Dardanelles in honor of ancestor of the Trojans , Dardanos (Dardanus). How to Cite this Page Cut and paste the following text for use in a paper or electronic document report. Stewart, Michael. "People, Places & Things: Hellespont", Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant. http://messagenetcommresearch.com/myths/ppt/Hellespont_1.html Cut and paste the following html for use in a web report. Stewart, Michael. "People, Places & Things: Hellespont", Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant. http://messagenetcommresearch.com/myths/ppt/Hellespont_1.html Cut and paste the following html for use in a web report. This format will link back to this page, which may be useful but may not be required. Stewart, Michael. "People, Places & Things: Hellespont", Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant. http://messagenetcommresearch.com/myths/ppt/Hellespont_1.html


What number is between 9 and 11 on a regulation dartboard?

The Dartboard The Dartboard It's the playing area -- get to know it! The Darting environment consists of a couple of elements, which all center around the dartboard itself. The dartboard, the throwing area, and lighting are all important factors. They also differ between different darts styles. Hard-Tip: Regulation size: 17-3/4" diameter. That's the full board. 17-3/4" (call it 18") is the side of the full board to the edge. 13-1/4" is the diameter of the playable area. Soft-Tip: Regulation size: 15-1/2" diameter. 15" is the diameter of the playable area. Practice Boards Various practice boards are made. In steel-tip darts one common format is to reduce the thickness the trip and double rings to 1/2 size to make hitting them 2x as hard. Other practice boards are similar, but can add bull (or smaller) targets in the center of each bed -- put a bull anywhere on the board -- to give you a specific target in each bed. In some places these practice boards are referred to as Champion boards. Other times -- those things are even worse: Champion Boards Champion boards have a smaller overall diameter than standard boards, as well as having smaller double and trip areas. 13" is a common size for bristle & electronic boards. The triple and double areas and the bull are also reduced size -- usually 1/2 regular size -- in these boards. A regulation dartboard is divided into 20 numbered segments and a bullseye. Each of the segments and the bullseye are divided into different regions. These regions are called the beds of a dartboard. Each segment is divided into inner (skinny) and outer (fat) singles segments. The inner ring dividing the inner and outer singles segments is the triples area. The outer ring dividing the outer singles segment from  the board is doubles. The bullseye is divided into an outer bull and an center inner bull. Different games treat the two bullseye regions differently: Bullseye 50 points. Outer bull single 25 points, Inner Bull double 50 points. In written nomenclature you will often see prefixes of S for Single, D for Double and T for Trips/Triples when describing the segment to aim for. T20 == 60 points, etc. If you see a 25 or 50 it is a reference to a Bullseye, and D25 would be a Double Bull. Looking at the dartboard in quadrants, the 4 quadrants contain the following segments (including the overlapped segments and the top/bottom/left/right): Upper Right: 20 1 18 4 13 6 Upper Left: 20 5 12 9 14 11 Lower Right: 6 10 15 2 17 3 Lower Left: 11 8 16 7 19 3 Left: 20 5 12 9 14 11 8 16 7 19 3 Right: 20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 Throwing Area The important dimensions are from the Center of the Bull to the floor, and from the Face of the board to the toe (foul) line, measured along the floor. You can verify everything all right is by checking the distance along the diagonal from the center of the bull to the foul line. In fencing it's called the Piste, the "piece" or "strip", which is where the fencers go at it. In darts, the name isn't so grand; it's The Throwing Area. However, darts does have a cool name ... the Oche, which rhymes with Hockey. That's the name of the line. In pro tournaments it is done by placing a board on the floor at the limit of the throwing area, so you always can feel and know where the line is. In ordinary situations it is just a sticker on the floor, which the front of your foot can't be forward of it's front edge. Similar to disc golf, your feet can land in front of the throwing line -- but only after your dart has hit the board! That is a legal shot, but if your foot hits first it's a foul. Bristle Board: 5'8" to the Bull, 7' 9-1/4" to the Face. 9' 7-3/8" Diagonal. Electronic Board: 5'8" to the Bull, 8' to the Face, 9' 9-13/16" Diagonal. The Foul Line should be 2 feet wide. The following dimensions are for a traditional steel-tip board: Inner Bull -- 1/2" diameter Double Ring -- 1/4" Wide -- 4-1/4" radius Triple Ring -- 1/4" Wide -- 6-11/16" radius In reality the BDO defines board sizes in millimeters and I converted the BDO sizes to inches for convenience. How large are the targe


Which war artist, and later a famous sculptor, produced a notable series of drawings depicting people sheltering in London Underground railway stations during the Blitz bombings of 1940-41?

The News Newspaper - Issue 098 - (November 10th 2010) by The News Newspaper - issuu VICTORIA CAR HIRE UK UK Self Drive £99 per week Fully inclusive No hidden extras Delivery & Collection Gatwick Airport only Tel: 0044 1293 432155 Fax: 0044 1293 402600 Issue 98 Wednesday, November 10th 2010 PP says Gonzalez behind GAL death squad Former PM Felipe Gonzalez admits he could have ordered the elimination of entire ETA leadership P3 Western Sahara - World News Morocco breaks up protest camp A tense calm prevailed overnight Monday in the Western Saharan capital of El Aaiun - Laayoune in English - after at least five people were reported killed in clashes with Moroccan security forces when they broke up a protest camp just outside the capital. The Polisario Front, the group leading the demand for independence from Morocco, put the deaths as high as 11, and the number of injured at 723, with 159 people unaccounted for. The violence, which later spread to the streets of Laayoune, came shortly before talks began in the US on the future of the territory. The Gadaym Izik camp was the biggest protest against Moroccan rule in the 35-year dispute. It was set up about a month ago outside Laayoune as a protest by displaced Sahrawi people about their living conditions, and was home to more than 12,000 people. CONTINUED ON PAGE 2 Murray Harper ASPHALT AND BLOCKPAVING FOR ALL URBANISATIONS ROADS AND PARKING AREAS LAID IN ASPHALT * 40- 24. /-- !" 40- 3,2 14) &#$"( ! # " %! UNION JACK REMOVALS THE ORIGINAL National - International & Worldwide Shipping PET TRANSPORT • LOCAL REMOVALS. STORAGE FROM 10€ pw. Tel: 902 109 560 Car Insurance Up to 55% discount Private Health Insurance From €29 per month Funeral Plans Easy payment options www.staysure.com 952 899 525 Local 6, Centro Commercial Andasol, KM189, Marbella, 29600, Málaga (Just past the El Rosario turn off, beach side.) Staysure.co.uk Ltd is a FSA regulated company. No. 436804. PLUS! CRUSHED CONCRETE FOR ROADS, TRACKS CAR PARKS ETC. LAID & ROLLED 300 ton crushed concrete. Available for road, tracks, carparks, etc. Very good for sub-base, can be supplied laid & rolled. For a good free quote in English ring 637 179 373 or in Spanish 647 206 118 James R idgley 951 242 873 637 179 373 jrinspain@live.co.uk WEDNESDAY, november 10th 2010 02 n General News Blues! Jazz ON Pope Benedict's Teatro Echegary From now until November13th www.thenewsonline.es Exhibition of work by German-born artist John Bock The 4th Blues at Moonlight event is being held at the Moonlight bar. Sunset Beach Club, Benalmadena November 12th & 13th Tel: 902 400 222 for tickets. ART The 24th International Jazz Festival of Malaga is taking place with acts from all over the world including the Seamus Blake Quintet, Dayna Kurtz and The Bad Plus. MUSIC Read your favourite news, plus a whole lot more in CAC Malaga Until Nov 14th ICKHAM’S WORLD visit not up to We’re on the move... By Kym Wickham k.wickham@thenewsonline.es We have been on the main square in coin in our little oﬃce for the last two years and due to its size, we are having to move. It’s been great being able to sit and watch the world go by - whilst still working of course! - and seeing the cars going the wrong way down our one way street. We are absolutely convinced that the drivers can hear us shouting; “noooo!” as they race along. The most worrying were the horseback riders as we were sure they were going to be hit by a car coming the right way down the street. cyclists, as usual, go whichever way they want but happily there weren’t any disasters during our couple of years here. It will be sad to leave here as it’s become a bit of a home from home for everyone and it’s small enough to be called cozy (some would say cramped) but we are going to a modern, bright new oﬃce just around the corner so we’ll still be able to come round here to the sweetie shop! We’ll be on the second floor and for those of you that know us personally, Sue and I will be in an oﬃce together so you can still bring us the wonderful fruits and veggies - and, needless to say, all the gossip! expectat


Which British politician was formerly known as 2nd Viscount Stansgate?

alt.talk.royalty FAQ: British royalty and nobility FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FOR ALT.TALK.ROYALTY -- BRITISH ROYAL & NOBLE FAMILIES -- SUMMARY: This regular posting contains a list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and their answers and other useful information about the British Royal Family and British nobility. (The Royal & Noble Families of the World FAQ can be found at http://www.heraldica.org/faqs/atrfaq.htm ).  It should be read by anyone who wishes to post to the alt.talk.royalty newsgroup. A separate posting lists only the changes made during the last month to this document: http://tinyurl.com/ydbtke . Note:  the FAQ contains European characters (accented letters) which may not show on your browser/newsreader or may show garbled characters. All characters used here arepart of the ISO Latin-1 set and are displayable by normal browsers. Ask your Internet Service Provider for an "8-bit clean feed" if you have this problem. Last updated on: 19 Sep 2015 For comments, additions, suggestions, please contact the maintainer, François Velde (http://www.heraldica.org/contact.html) . Table of Contents 1983 -- This table is based on a list posted to ATR by Rupert Barnes on 11 December 1997 (the 66th anniversary of the Statute of Westminster), with confirmation and additional material drawn from various web-sites and other resources, notably The Commonwealth (http://www.thecommonwealth.org/) Notes: (a) Date of legislative independence through the Statute of Westminster. Canada had become a Dominion in 1867, South Africa in 1910, and the Irish Free State in 1922. (b) The date of the end of monarchy in Ireland is a matter of controversy -- see the discussion in question (20) above. Alternate dates which are argued are 1937 and 1949. (c) Date of ratification of the Statute of Westminster. Australia had become a Dominion in 1901 and New Zealand in 1907. (d) The Cook Islands is nominally part of the realm of New Zealand but has for all practical purposes been a separate realm since 1981 ï¿½ see the discussion on question (21) above. (e) Name changed to Sri Lanka under the 1972 constitution. (f) Name changed to Tanzania after the union with Zanzibar in 1963. (g) Now Zimbabwe. Rhodesia unilaterally declared itself independent, without agreement from Britain, or recognition from the other Commonwealth members or from the Crown. While the Rhodesian Constitution of 1965 nominally created a Commonwealth monarchy of the normal form, no Governor-General was ever appointed to represent the queen. Instead, the Rhodesian government appointed an "Officer Administering the Government" to fill the role. The last colonial governor, Sir Humphrey Gibbs, remained in place till 1969. Back to Table of Contents 24. Why does The Queen celebrate her birthday twice a year? HM The Queen was born HRH Princess Elizabeth of York on 21 April 1926.  She naturally celebrates her birthday privately on this date. As sovereign, Her Majesty's official birthday is marked with a military parade called the (The Queen's) Birthday Parade (popularly known as "Trooping the Colour").  It is held publicly in early June (either the first, second or third Saturday) in London in a ceremony which dates back to the early 18th century. Trooping the Colour ceremony is based on the days when mounted guards and sentries kept watch at royal palaces and such in London.  These guards carried or 'trooped' the flags of their battalion which could be seen and recognised by the soldiers.  In 1748, it was decided that the parade would mark the official birthday of the sovereign with King George II being the first monarch to attend the ceremony.  (Some sources say the first time the parade marked the sovereign's birthday was in 1805 for George III.)  It became an annual event in 1820 with the accession of King George IV.  Later still, following King Edward VII's accession in 1901, it became a regular custom for the monarch to take personally the salute.  The parade is followed by the appearance of the royal family (and their guests) on the balcony of Buckingham Palace with a fly-pa


Speleology | Define Speleology at Dictionary.com speleology [spee-lee-ol-uh-jee] /ˌspi liˈɒl ə dʒi/ Spell the exploration and study of caves. Origin of speleology 1890-95; < Latin spēlae(um) (see spelaean ) + -o- + -logy Related forms [spee-lee-uh-loj-i-kuh l] /ˌspi li əˈlɒdʒ ɪ kəl/ (Show IPA), adjective speleologist, noun British Dictionary definitions for speleology Expand noun 1. the scientific study of caves, esp in respect of their geological formation, flora and fauna, etc 2. the sport or pastime of exploring caves Derived Forms C19: from Latin spēlaeum cave Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012


What is the chemical compound C6H12O6 better known as?

Molecular weight of C6H12O6 Molecular weight of C6H12O6 Molar mass of C6H12O6 = 180.15588 g/mol This compound is also known as Glucose or Fructose or Galactose . 12.0107*6 + 1.00794*12 + 15.9994*6 ›› Percent composition by element ›› Calculate the molecular weight of a chemical compound Enter a chemical formula: I'm feeling lucky, show me a random compound . You can also browse the list of common chemical compounds . ›› More information on molar mass and molecular weight In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight (in atomic mass units) of each element in a chemical formula by the number of atoms of that element present in the formula, then adding all of these products together. The atomic weights used on this site come from NIST, the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We use the most common isotopes. This is how to calculate molar mass (average molecular weight), which is based on isotropically weighted averages. This is not the same as molecular mass, which is the mass of a single molecule of well-defined isotopes. For bulk stoichiometric calculations, we are usually determining molar mass, which may also be called standard atomic weight or average atomic mass. If the formula used in calculating molar mass is the molecular formula, the formula weight computed is the molecular weight. The percentage by weight of any atom or group of atoms in a compound can be computed by dividing the total weight of the atom (or group of atoms) in the formula by the formula weight and multiplying by 100. Formula weights are especially useful in determining the relative weights of reagents and products in a chemical reaction. These relative weights computed from the chemical equation are sometimes called equation weights. Finding molar mass starts with units of grams per mole (g/mol). When calculating molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance. The formula weight is simply the weight in atomic mass units of all the atoms in a given formula. Using the chemical formula of the compound and the periodic table of elements, we can add up the atomic weights and calculate molecular weight of the substance. A common request on this site is to convert grams to moles . To complete this calculation, you have to know what substance you are trying to convert. The reason is that the molar mass of the substance affects the conversion. This site explains how to find molar mass. This page was loaded in 0.003 seconds.


"Which word best meets the definition ""The incline of the stage floor (or the theatre floor) away from the horizontal (lower at the downstage end)""?"

Vaudeville and Burlesque Lingo Find an error? Please report it to me. Here's an EMAIL LINK First, a little history Many sources say that no one knows how the name "vaudeville" originated. That's not true - the word was used as early as the 16th Century to describe popular songs performed to satirize the events of the day.  In France in the 1400s, music was evolving and its forms were     being codified. Around that time, the town of Vire (the capital of Calvados,     in Normandy) became known as a rich source of popular drinking songs and songs with barbed satire and topical humor. Eventually any such song was referred to as "un chanson du Vau de Vire," or "a song of the valley of Vire." The clipped form "vaudevire" was in common use by 1500.  As this word became part of the     vocabulary, it was conflated with the name of another style of song, "voix de     ville," or "voice of the city" (in the dual senses of "urban sophistication" and "talk of the town"),     which referred to songs of courtly love. In 1573 a collection of these     songs appeared called Premier livre de chansons en forme de vau de     ville. By 1600 the combined form "vaudeville" was understood all over France to mean "a light, entertaining song,     a ditty." During the late 1600s     and early 1700s, "comï¿½dies-vaudeville", shows which set new lyrics to the old familiar vaudeville     tunes, became popular. The word "vaudeville" first     appeared in English in a 1611 dictionary defining it as "a     country ballade, or song." In a 1739 letter Horace Walpole referred     to "the vaudevilles or ballads which     they sing at the comedy after their 'petites piï¿½ces'." The Thï¿½ï¿½tre de Vaudeville opened in Paris in 1792, and the word     vaudeville gradually came to refer to the shows themselves rather than     to the songs in the shows. English music halls began calling     their light, popular variety shows "vaudeville," using the     word in the sense we know today.  MODERN VAUDEVILLE'S PARENT, THE MINSTREL SHOW Variety entertainment has always flourished wherever the common people gather, from storytellers and musicians around Neanderthal firesides, to Medieval fairs, to today. In the mid-19th Century, "ï¿½entertainment in New York City was divided along class lines: opera was chiefly for the upper middle and upper classes, minstrel shows and melodramas for the middle class, variety shows in concert saloons for men of the working class and the slumming middle class." (Robert W. Snyder in The Encyclopedia of New York City) Saloons offered variety entertainment of the coarsest sort, including "waiter girls" who would sit with patrons cadging overpriced watered drinks (on which they earned a commission) or retiring to curtained alcoves to sell their sexual services. Then, in 1828, white entertainer Thomas D. Rice caught the popular imagination with his trademark black character called "Jim Crow," introduced by a song-and-dance routine with the same name. "First on de heel tap, Den on de toe, Eb'ry time I weel about, I jump Jim Crow. Weel about and turn about and do jis' so, Eb'ry time I weel about, I jump Jim Crow".   'Coon' or 'black crow' characters were common in that era, but Rice enjoyed such a degree of popularity that his act spawned imitators. In 1843, four unemployed white actors staged a spoof, in blackface dialect humor, of a popular Austrian touring act called the Tyrolese Minstrel Family. The lampoon act, called "Dan Emmett's Virginia Minstrels," was a surprise hit, and copycat "minstrel shows" quickly became America's most popular stage entertainment. These music and comedy revues featured large bands of white performers in blackface makeup, pretending to be happy slaves celebrating after-hours on the old plantation, broadly aping the manners of their "betters." The conventions of the minstrel show were profoundly racist, and seem unmistakably crude and vicious to modern sensibilities. It would be easy to conclude that there was no more to say about it, but we


Who was killed when his private plane crashed in Monterey Bay, California in 1997?

CNN - John Denver killed in plane crash - Oct. 13, 1997 John Denver killed in plane crash October 13, 1997 Web posted at: 1:38 p.m. EDT (1738 GMT) SALINAS, California (CNN) -- Singer and songwriter John Denver, whose '70 hits such as "Rocky Mountain High" and "Take Me Home, Country Roads" gained him worldwide fame, was killed Sunday when his small aircraft plunged into Monterey Bay, officials said Monday. He was 53. His remains were positively identified by the Monterey County Coroner's Office through fingerprints obtained from the state of Colorado, Monterey County Sheriff Norman Hicks said. The National Transportation Safety Board was pursuing details on the cause of the crash itself, while the sheriff's coroners will be investigating the circumstances surrounding the cause of death, he said. "We share a sense of shock and loss to our community, our nation and the world, and we extend our heartfelt sympathy to the many friends, the family, and the many admirers of John Denver," Hicks said at a Monday news conference. Denver was piloting the two-seat light plane along the California coast when the engine failed shortly after 5 p.m., plunging him into ocean waters just past Monterey Bay. A L S O : John Denver's Most Popular singles His first taste of musical success was in 1969, when the folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary recorded Denver's "Leavin' on a Jet Plane," which went on to become the Number 1 song in the country. Denver's voice first hit the charts in 1971, when "Take me Home, Country Roads" went to Number 2. "Country Roads" was Denver's first million-seller. A string of hits followed in the 1970s, including "Rocky Mountain High," "Thank God I'm a Country Boy" and "Annie's Song," an ode to his wife. They separated in 1983 and later divorced. In 1977, Denver made his big-screen acting debut in "Oh, God," opposite George Burns. He made occasional acting appearances over the years, but was better known for his television specials. Denver appeared in several Christmas shows, including two with Jim Henson's Muppets. In 1984 and '85, Denver was one of the first Western artists to tour the Soviet Union following a resumption of cultural exchanges with the United States. He was also one of the first Western artists to go on a multi-city tour of China, in 1992. Standup comics and newspaper cartoonists leapt on a 1988 "Aviation Week & Space Technology" report that Denver asked Soviet space officials to launch him to the Mir space station. The cash-strapped Soviets were reportedly considering the idea, with a price of $10 million. Denver's legal troubles have made headlines in recent years. Charged with driving under the influence in 1993, Denver pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of driving while impaired. He was again charged with DUI when his Porsche ran off the road in his Aspen, Colorado, neighborhood in 1994. The trial for that charge ended with a hung jury in July 1997. Denver's defense argued that the singer's thyroid condition made alcohol tests unreliable. In August 1997, "The Best of John Denver Live" reached Number 47 on the country album charts. It was Denver's first chart appearance since 1988.


What was the family name of the rulers of Russia from 1613 to 1917?

Romanov dynasty | Russian dynasty | Britannica.com Romanov dynasty Russia Romanov dynasty, rulers of Russia from 1613 until the Russian Revolution of February 1917. Descendants of Andrey Ivanovich Kobyla (Kambila), a Muscovite boyar who lived during the reign of the grand prince of Moscow Ivan I Kalita (reigned 1328–41), the Romanovs acquired their name from Roman Yurev (died 1543), whose daughter Anastasiya Romanovna Zakharina-Yureva was the first wife of Ivan IV the Terrible (reigned as tsar 1547–84). Her brother Nikita’s children took the surname Romanov in honour of their grandfather, father of a tsarina. After Fyodor I (the last ruler of the Rurik dynasty ) died in 1598, Russia endured 15 chaotic years known as the Time of Troubles (1598–1613), which ended when a zemsky sobor (“assembly of the land”) elected Nikita’s grandson, Michael Romanov , as the new tsar. The Romanovs established no regular pattern of succession until 1797. During the first century of their rule they generally followed the custom (held over from the late Rurik rulers) of passing the throne to the tsar’s eldest son or, if he had no son, to his closest senior male relative. Thus Alexis (reigned 1645–76) succeeded his father, Michael (reigned 1613–45), and Fyodor III (reigned 1676–82) succeeded his father, Alexis. But after Fyodor’s death, both his brother Ivan and his half-brother Peter vied for the throne. Although a zemsky sobor chose Peter as the new tsar, Ivan’s family, supported by the streltsy , staged a palace revolution; and Ivan V and Peter I jointly assumed the throne (1682). Peter I. Russia: Romanov Muscovy After Peter became sole ruler (1696), he formulated a law of succession (February 5 [February 16, New Style], 1722), which gave the monarch the right to choose his successor. Peter himself (who was the first tsar to be named emperor) was unable to take advantage of this decree, however, and throughout the 18th century the succession remained vexed. Peter left the throne to his wife, Catherine I , who was a Romanov only by right of marriage. On Catherine I’s death, however, in 1727, the throne reverted to Peter I’s grandson Peter II . When the latter died (1730), Ivan V’s second surviving daughter, Anna , became empress. On Anna’s death (1740), her elder sister’s daughter Anna Leopoldovna , whose father belonged to the house of Mecklenburg, assumed the regency for her son Ivan VI , of the house of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, but in 1741 this Ivan VI was deposed in favour of Elizabeth , daughter of Peter I and Catherine I. With Elizabeth, the Romanovs of the male line died out in 1762, but the name was conserved by the branch of the house of Holstein-Gottorp that then mounted the Russian throne in the person of Elizabeth’s nephew Peter III . From 1762 to 1796 Peter III’s widow, a German princess of the house of Anhalt-Zerbst, ruled as Catherine II . With Paul I , Peter III’s son, a Romanov of Holstein-Gottorp became emperor again. Similar Topics


Digitalis is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and biennials that are commonly called ?

1000+ images about Flowers - Foxgloves (Digitalis) on Pinterest | Sun, Spikes and Green leaves Forward Digitalis Illumination Pink ('Tmdgfp001'), shown by Generation Gardens (GPD 1-4). An outstanding new hardy perennial foxglove producing glowing, two-tone pink and apricot flowers held in compact spikes. This plant is particularly interesting as it is the result of breeding between Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis (Isoplexis) canariensis, an exotic semi-shrubby native of the Canary Islands. See More


Who won the FIFA World Cup for Association Football in Germany in 2006?

2006 FIFA World Cup | Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia 2006 FIFA World Cup Share Cup stub This article about 2006 FIFA World Cup is a stub , an article too short to provide more than rudimentary information about a subject. You can help The Football Wiki by expanding it . 2006 FIFA World Cup 2010 → The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th FIFA World Cup , the quadrennial international football world championship tournament. It was held from 9 June to 9 July 2006 in Germany, which won the right to host the event in July 2000. Teams representing 198 national football associations from all six populated continents participated in the qualification process which began in September 2003. Thirty-one teams qualified from this process, along with the host nation, Germany , for the finals tournament. Italy won the tournament, claiming their fourth World Cup title. They defeated France 5–3 in a penalty shootout in the final, after extra time had finished in a 1–1 draw. Germany defeated Portugal 3–1 to finish in third place. Angola, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Serbia & Montenegro, Trinidad & Tobago and Togo made their first appearances in the finals. The 2006 World Cup stands as one of the most watched events in television history, garnering an estimated 26.29 billion non-unique viewers, compiled over the course of the tournament. The final attracted an estimated audience of 715.1 million people. The 2006 World Cup ranks fourth in non-unique viewers, behind the World Cup in 1994 , 2002 , and 1990 . As the winner, Italy represented the World in the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup . Contents – – The success of Germany's bid was marred by a hoax bribery affair which even led to calls for a re-vote. On the night before the vote, German satirical magazine Titanic sent letters to FIFA representatives, offering joke gifts like cuckoo clocks and Black Forest ham in exchange for their vote for Germany. Oceania delegate Charlie Dempsey, who had initially backed England, had then been instructed to support South Africa following England's elimination. He abstained, citing "intolerable pressure" on the eve of the vote. Had Dempsey voted as originally instructed, the vote would have resulted with a 12–12 tie, and FIFA president Sepp Blatter , who favoured the South African bid, would have had to cast the deciding vote. Qualification Main article: 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification 198 teams attempted to qualify for the 2006 World Cup. Germany, the host nation, was granted automatic qualification, with the remaining 31 finals places divided among the continental confederations. Thirteen places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe), five by CAF teams (Africa), four by CONMEBOL teams (South America), four by AFC teams (Asia), and three by CONCACAF teams (North and Central America and Caribbean). The remaining two places were decided by playoffs between AFC and CONCACAF and between CONMEBOL and OFC (Oceania). Eight nations qualified for the finals for the first time: Angola , Czech Republic , Ghana , Ivory Coast , Togo , Trinidad and Tobago , Ukraine , and Serbia and Montenegro . Czech Republic and Ukraine were making their first appearance as independent nations, but had previously been represented as part of Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union respectively; Serbia and Montenegro had competed as Yugoslavia in 1998, as well as making up part of Yugoslav teams from 1930 to 1990. As of 2014, this was the last time Tunisia , Saudi Arabia , Togo, Angola, Czech Republic, Poland , Ukraine and Trinidad and Tobago qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals. Australia qualified for the first time since 1974. Among the teams who failed to qualify were 2002 third-placed team Turkey and Euro 2004 winners Greece . Additionally, Belgium failed to qualify for the first time since 1978, and Cameroon failed to qualify for the first time since 1986. For the first time since the 1982 World Cup, all six confederations were represented at the finals tournament. List of qualified teams   Countries that did not enter World Cup   Country not a FIFA member Venues In 2006, Germany had a


What is the capital city of New York state in the USA?

NYS Kids Room - State History Your browser does not support iFrames New York State History  << Pre-1900 | Post-1900 >> Reenactors fire a revolutionary war period cannon at Saratoga National Battlefield in Stillwater, NY Travelers on the Erie Canal Albany, the capital of New York State New Yorkers are rightfully proud of their state's many achievements and contributions. This synopsis is adapted from a brief history previously printed in the Legislative Manual. Before the year 1900 New York harbor was visited by Giovanni Verrazano in 1524, and the Hudson River was first explored by Henry Hudson in 1609. The Dutch settled here permanently in 1624 and for 40 years they ruled over the colony of New Netherland. It was conquered by the English in 1664 and was then named New York in honor of the Duke of York. Existing as a colony of Great Britain for over a century, New York declared its independence on July 9, 1776, becoming one of the original 13 states of the Federal Union. The next year, on April 20, 1777, New York's first constitution was adopted. In many ways, New York State was the principal battleground of the Revolutionary War. Approximately one-third of the skirmishes and engagements of the war were fought on New York soil. The Battle of Saratoga, one of the decisive battles of the world, was the turning point of the Revolution leading to the French alliance and thus to eventual victory. New York City, long occupied by British troops, was evacuated on November 25, 1783. There, on December 4 at Fraunces Tavern, General George Washington bade farewell to his officers. The first government of New York State grew out of the Revolution. The State Convention that drew up the Constitution created a Council of Safety which governed for a time and set the new government in motion. In June 1777, while the war was going on, an election for the first governor took place. Two of the candidates, Philip Schuyler and George Clinton, were generals in the field. Two others, Colonel John Jay and General John Morin Scott, were respectively leaders of the aristocratic and democratic groups in the Convention. On July 9, George Clinton was declared elected and he was inaugurated as Governor at Kingston, July 30, 1777. Albany became the capital of the State in January 1797. Alexander Hamilton was a leader in the movement which ended in the development of the Federal Constitution, and he was active in its ratification. New York City became the first capital of the new nation, where President George Washington was inaugurated on April 30, 1789. In following years, New York's economic and industrial growth made appropriate the title "The Empire State," an expression possibly originated by George Washington in 1784. In 1809, Robert Fulton's "North River Steamboat," the first successful steam-propelled vessel, began a new era in transportation. The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, greatly enhanced the importance of the port of New York and caused populous towns and cities to spring up across the state. The Erie Canal was replaced by the Barge Canal in 1918; and the system of waterways was further expanded by the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Overland transportation grew rapidly from a system of turnpikes established in the early 1880s to the modern day Goveror Thomas E. Dewey New York State Thruway. By 1853, railroads, that had started as short lines in 1831, crossed the state in systems like the Erie and New York Central. Copyright (c) 2008 New York State Department of State Your browser does not support iFrames


Which word means to move a camera, lighting effect or sound effect vertically?

AERIAL SHOT: An exterior shot taken from a plane, crane, helicopter or any other very high position. Also referred to as a BIRD�S-EYE VIEW. See SHOT . ANIMATION: A form of filmmaking which consists of photographing individual drawings (cels) or inanimate objects (such as puppets or clay figures) FRAME by frame, with each frame differing slightly from the one before. When the images are projected at 24 frames per second, they appear to move (or are animated) ASPECT RATIO: The ratio of the projected image's width to its height. The standard for Hollywood theatrical releases is 1.65:1. Shapes may vary, from the television standard, a nearly square ratio of 1.33:1 to a very long rectangle. In the l95Os, Hollywood attempted to attract new audiences by developing various kinds of widescreen systems, such as CinemaScope and Cinerama, which average 2.35:1. The European ratio is 1.66:1. ASYNCHRONISM: A disparity between what is seen and what is heard. At its extreme, asynchronous sound is contrapuntal; that is, the sound contrasts with the image. For example, you see a train arriving while you hear a bird chirping. Contrapuntal or asynchronous sound was supported by Sergei Eisenstein as part of his larger theory of dialectical montage. AVAILABLE LIGHTING: see LIGHTING . AXIS OF ACTION: In CONTINUITY EDITING , the imaginary line that passes from side to side through the main actors, defining the spatial relations of the scene. The camera is not supposed to cross the axis at a cut and reverse the spatial relations. Ensures constant screen space and constant screen direction. A term used in film production more than as a term in film analysis. CAMERA MOVEMENTS:                     CRANE SHOT: A HIGH ANGLE , moving shot photographed from a crane (a mechanical arm which carries both camera and camera operators).                      DOLLY, TRUCKING, OR TRACKING SHOT: A shot taken from a moving dolly (a platform on a set of wheels). when the camera moves towards the subject, it is a "dolly in.0 when it moves away from the subject, it is a �dolly back" or a "dolly out.0 With the use of Steadicams and other mobile cameras, a moving camera may not be mounted on a dolly in order to achieve the same smooth effect. one of the early effective uses of the Steadicam is in Stanley Kubrick's The Shining, where the camera follows characters through the maze of the hotel.                     PAN: A shot taken when the camera stays in one place (on a tripod, for example) but rotates or swivels horizontally. compare DOLLY SHOT , in which the camera moves bodily from one place to another.                      SWISH PAN: A rapid pan that results in a blurred image. It usually begins and ends at rest.                     TILT: A shot taken when the camera stays in one place (on a tripod, for example) but rotates or swivels vertically. CGI (computer-generated-imagery): This can include photographed images that have been manipulated digitally or images designed on a computer from scratch. Often just part of the frame has been created via CCI, snob as the background setting for astronauts floating in space. See SPECIAL EFFECTS . DIEGETIC SOUND: Any speech, music, or sound effect that originates from a source within the film's story. See also DIEGESIS , NONDIEGETIC SOUND . DIRECT CINEMA: An approach to documentary filmmaking associated with American filmmakers from the early 1960s. In direct cinema, the filmmaker observes the action or subjects and meaning evolves out of the footage. Direct cinema is often characterized by AVAILABLE (natural) LIGHTING , shoulder-mounted camera, and DIRECT SOUND . An example of direct cinema is Frederick Wiseman's High School. DISSOLVE: see TRANSITIONS DOCUMENTARY: Nonfiction film that explores and/or documents the lived world and that uses representations of actual events and people as its raw footage. DOLLY SHOT: see CAMERA MOVEMENT . DUTCH ANGLE: see SHOT EXPOSURE: The process of subjecting photographic film stock to any light intensity for a given time, resulting in an image once the film has been processed. EXTRE


To what did the light-heavyweight boxer Cassius Clay change his name?

Muhammad Ali - Muhammad Ali - "The Greatest" - A life in pictures - Pictures - CBS News Next Muhammad Ali U.S. boxer and Olympic gold medalist Cassius Clay, who changed his name to Muhammad Ali and became a world-renowned cultural icon as a three-time heavyweight champion, died June 3, 2016, at the age of 74. The man known as "The Greatest" was a mesmerizing athlete who promoted his own ability to "float like a butterfly, sting like a bee," was considered the greatest heavyweight fighter in history. Credit: Getty Images Muhammad Ali Boxer Cassius Clay is shown in 1954. Long before his dazzling footwork and punching prowess made him a three-time world heavyweight boxing champion known as Muhammad Ali, a young Clay honed his skills by sparring with neighborhood friends and running alongside the bus on the way to school. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali Cassius Clay, right, 18-year-old from Louisville, Ky., throws a right at Tony Madigan of Australia, during the light heavyweight boxing semifinals at the Summer Olympic Games in Rome, Italy, Sept. 3, 1960. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali A trio of U.S. boxers wear gold medals at the Olympic village in Rome, Sept. 6, 1960. Shown from left are Wilbert McClure of Toledo, Ohio, light middleweight; Cassius Clay of Louisville, Ky., light heavyweight; and Edward Crook of Fort Campbell, Ky., middleweight. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali Cheering students of Central High School surround Olympic boxing champion Cassius Clay, raising hand in center, and wearing his Olympic medal, Sept. 10, 1960, in Louisville, Ky. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali A young Cassius Clay is seen with his trainer Angelo Dundee at City Parks Gym in New York, Feb. 8, 1962. Credit: AP Photo/Dan Grossi Muhammad Ali Young heavyweight fighter Cassius Clay is seen with his trainer Angelo Dundee at City Parks Gym in New York, Feb. 8, 1962. Credit: AP Photo/Dan Grossi Muhammad Ali Young heavyweight boxer Cassius Clay, who later changed his name to Muhammad Ali, points to a sign he wrote on a chalk board in his dressing room before his fight against Archie Moore in Los Angeles, Nov. 15, 1962, predicting he'd knock Moore out in the fourth round, which he went on to do. The sign also predicts Clay will be the next champ via a knockout over Sonny Liston in eight rounds. (He did it in seven.) Credit: AP Photo/Harold P. Matosian Muhammad Ali The Beatles (from left, Paul McCartney, John Lennon, Ringo Starr and George Harrison) take a fake blow from Cassius Clay while visiting the heavyweight contender at his training camp in Miami Beach, Fla., Feb. 18, 1964. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali Sonny Liston, right, lowers his head and works in close during the sixth round of heavyweight championship fight against Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay) in Miami Beach, Fla., Feb. 25, 1964. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali Heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali, right, is shown with black Muslim leader Malcolm X outside the Trans-Lux Newsreel Theater in New York, March 1, 1964 after viewing a film about Ali's title fight with Sonny Liston. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali World heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali, wearing the Nigerian brown-and-white-striped Agbada costume, shouts to the crowd of youngsters who met him on his arrival in Lagos, Nigeria, June 1, 1964. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali Heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali, then known as Cassius Clay, stands over challenger Sonny Liston, shouting and gesturing shortly after dropping Liston with a short hard right to the jaw, May 25, 1965 in Lewiston, Maine. Ali was declared the winner. The bout lasted only one minute into the first round. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali Heavyweight boxing champ Cassius Clay paused on the step and greeted a friend March 17, 1966, as he arrived at the Veterans building to appeal his 1A draft classification. Behind him in a dark coat and hat is his attorney, Edward Jocko of New York. Credit: AP Photo Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali blows out the candles on a cake baked for his 25th birthday, in Houston. Ali's wife says the boxing great is still a "big kid" who enjoys his


Syd Barrett was a founding member of which band?

Schizophrenia Daily News Blog: Syd Barrett, Founder of Pink Floyd band, Sufferer of Schizophrenia, Passed Away this Week Syd Barrett, Founder of Pink Floyd band, Sufferer of Schizophrenia, Passed Away this Week Read more... Schizophrenia Advocacy · Schizophrenia Personal Story Syd Barrett, a founding member of the band "Pink Floyd" and one of the most legendary rock stars to develop a mental illness - most likely schizophrenia (triggered, it is said, by significant drug use as well as the stress and pressure of his career), died Friday from complications related to diabetes. He had been living in a cottage in Cambridge, England, where he had lived a quiet life for the past three decades. He was 60 years old. While there has been some confusion in the public's mind about the mental illness Syd Barret suffered from, most of his band members and close associates have identified his mental illness as schizophrenia, and the mental health professionals that we've talked to also believe that he suffered from schizophrenia. He seems to have had the genetic predisposition to schizophrenia, and and also experienced some of the noted environmental factors that have been linked in research to increased risk of developing schizophrenia . Comments by Roger Waters and others suggest that Syd always had "odd thoughts" - a factor that has been linked to a biological predisposition for schizophrenia. He also suffered from a highly stressful childhood (his father died suddenly when Syd was a child), and by his early-twenties he was in a high stress career and he was using a wide array of street drugs - especially cannabis and LSD . Syd was also highly creative - and psychological studies indicate that highly creative people share an elevated risk of serious mental illness (see this story on Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys, another sufferer of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder). In his late teens and early twenties, when schizophrenia usually starts in men, Syd began to show the progression of symptoms that typically define the brain disorder - including increasingly odd thoughts, and odd behavior, and then later psychosis , (delusions and "visions"), bizarre actions, paranoia, disorganized thinking, catatonia and social withdrawl. These symptoms that Syd's band members and friends describe him going through are all key symptoms of schizophrenia . Later in life Syd also developed diabetes - another common problem for people who have schizophrenia, frequently accelerated by the sedentary life style that is common for people who have schizophrenia, and by some of the antipsychotic medications. Unfortunately, much of the public and Press do not recognize the typical symptoms of schizophrenia and have mis-labeled his disorder as a "psychedelic drug-induced breakdown" or "nervous breakdown" - terms that have long since been replaced by well-defined medical terms like schizophrenia. (It seems that public mental health education has a long way to go). Most of the world's news writers seems to have "glamorised" Syd Barrett's mental illness, or completely glossed over something that ended his career just as it was getting going. A Pink Floyd band member who recognized and spoke about Syd's mental illness was Roger Waters. Pink Floyd's bassist Roger Waters said Barrett's use of LSD compounded an existing condition [though schizophrenia researchers now say that people have a biological predisposition to schizophrenia , and that it is triggered by environmental factors and stresses]. Waters told VH-1's Legends in 2002: "There is no doubt those [street drugs] are very bad for schizophrenics ... and there is no doubt that Syd was a schizophrenic." For more information, see the very good VH-1 Pink Floyd/Syd Barret documentary videos that are frequently available on Internet video sites. In these videos the band members describe Syd's behavior and if you compare it to the defining symptoms of schizophrenia , you can easily see the correlation, as Roger Waters has so accurately identified. Interestingly, in the VH1 video interviews the band members tal


In which city did American colonists dump tea imported from England into a harbour in 1773?

Destruction of Tea in Boston Harbor in 1773 | Teach US History Destruction of Tea in Boston Harbor in 1773 Image Background Notes When the British government implemented the Tea Act of 1773, it greatly upset the American colonists. The Tea Act gave the East India Company the right to sell tea directly to America without an export tax, but it put an import tax on tea that was purchased by Americans. Essentially, this act was designed to allow the East India Company to make a higher profit in order to get out of the financial trouble it was in, and to monopolize the tea trade. However, it still forced Americans to pay tax at a profit to the British government. Americans opposed this tax because they felt they were already being taxed unfairly without being represented in the British government. When word spread that shipments of tea were to arrive in the ports of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston, Americans called for the consignees, or the people who accepted the delivery of the tea in port, to resign. All did, except for those working in Boston. The Americans' retaliation became known as the Boston Tea Party. On November 27, 1773, three ships loaded with tea arrived in Boston harbor. They were prevented from unloading and told by the Americans that they should leave the harbor. On the night of the December 16, 1773, a group of men known as the Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians and boarded the ships. They began to open the crates and dump the tea into the harbor. Crowds of people watched in silence. Fearing they would be caught, the Sons of Liberty worked at quickly as possible. When they were finished, a total of 342 crates of tea were emptied into the harbor. The image depicts men dressed as Indians throwing crates of tea overboard, with several people watching from the dock. George Loring Brown (1814-1889) was an artist from Boston who worked in New York City and Europe. He probably painted or lithographed the image that this engraving was based on. Destruction of Tea in Boston Harbor in 1773 was probably engraved by Richard P. Mallory, who was a wood engraver and artist in Boston from the 1830s to the 1860s.   1. Groce, George C. and David H. Wallace, The New-York Historical Society's Dictionary of Artists in America, 1564-1860 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957) 85. 2. Groce, pg. 421. 3. Nebenzahl, Kenneth, Atlas of the American Revolution (New York: Rand McNally & Co., 1974) 34-35. Morris, Richard B. Encyclopedia of American History (New York: Harper & Bros., 1953) 80-81. And http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/History.htm Curator Notes


Which British scientist is best known for his study of gravitation, his work on the spectrum, his statement on the laws of motion, the construction of telescopes, and his work on geometry and differential calculus?

Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You - Timeline - Pioneers in Optics Home Pioneers in the Optical Sciences From the earliest days in Alexandria (circa 300 BC) when Euclid described the laws of reflection in Optica, the science of optics has fascinated and challenged society's most brilliant minds. The earliest pioneers in optics reached for the stars with difficulty as they developed crude lenses and mirrors for their telescopes while other investigators focused on the hidden microscopic world through aberration-plagued compound optical systems that hampered early microscopes. Today, millions of the optically-challenged need be thankful to these pioneers for the eyeglasses, contact lenses, and other advances that have evolved from innovations dating back as early as 1303 when Bernard of Gordon, a French physician, wrote about the use of spectacles as a way of correcting long-sightedness (hypermetropia). From the earliest compound microscopes, enabling anatomists to describe the properties of blood cells, to the modern electron and scanning laser confocal microscopes and NASA's Hubble space telescope, the science of optics has helped us understand the world around us, our bodies, and the diseases we face in our daily lives. Whether it is Polaroid instant photos, sunglasses, disposable contact lenses, the ubiquitous television, videos, or the more recent compact discs, fiber optics communications, and digital cameras, we all reap the harvest of seeds planted by pioneers in the optical sciences. Tribute is paid to these heroes through brief biographies that acknowledge their tremendous accomplishments and how they have affected our civilization. Ernst Abbe (1840-1905) - Ernst Abbe was a brilliant German mathematician and physicist who made several of the most important contributions to the design of lenses for optical microscopy. Abbe studied physics and mathematics as an undergraduate at the University of Jena and went to graduate school at the University of G�ttingen, where he received a doctorate in thermodynamics. In 1863 Abbe joined the faculty at the University of Jena where he taught physics. He met Carl Zeiss in 1866 and became very interested in the optical problems surrounding mid-nineteenth century microscopy. Together with Zeiss, Abbe formed a partnership and he was made the research director of Zeiss Optical Works late in 1866, and assumed control of the company when Zeiss died in 1888. Sir George Biddell Airy (1801-1892) - Sir George Airy was a distinguished nineteenth century English Astronomer Royal who carried out optical research and first drew attention to the visual defect of astigmatism. Airy manufactured the first correcting eyeglasses (1825) using a cylindrical lens design that is still in use. The diffraction disks that bear his name (Airy Disks) were discovered in the spherical center of a wavefront traveling through a circular aperture. These diffraction patterns form the smallest unit that comprises an image, thus determining the limits of optical resolution. Alhazen (965-1040) - Born in Iraq as Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham, the great Arab physicist is more often known by the Latinized version of his first name, Alhazen. The efforts of Alhazen resulted in over one hundred works, the most famous of which was Kitab-al-Manadhirn, rendered into Latin in the Middle Ages. The translation of the book on optics exerted a great influence upon the science of the western world, most notably on the work of Roger Bacon and Johannes Kepler. A significant observation in the work contradicted the beliefs of many great scientists, such as Ptolemy and Euclid. Alhazen correctly proposed that the eyes passively receive light reflected from objects, rather than emanating light rays themselves. Robert Day Allen (1927-1986) - Robert Day Allen was a renowned microscopist, a prominent researcher of cell motility processes, and a co-developer of video-enhanced contrast microscopy ((VEC)), which is a modification of the traditional form of differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Along w


"Which ragtime pianist, between 1894 and 1915, composed tunes such as ""The Entertainer"" that became popular in 1973 after being included in the film ""The Sting""?"

Ragtime Kalamazoo (1895-1917) - Kalamazoo Public Library Teens Ragtime Kalamazoo (1895-1917) This article contains language that some readers may find offensive. Topics and illustrations reflect the attitudes and beliefs of earlier times, and are included here for historical accuracy and context. They do not reflect the values and beliefs of the author, Kalamazoo Public Library, or library staff. Origins of Ragtime Music Indiana University More than 27 million people—nearly half of the US population at the time—visited the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago. Yet most of those who attended were probably not aware that they had witnessed the birth of a new art form, which would profoundly alter the face of American popular entertainment. Itinerant musicians playing for money outside the fair and those representing “primitive” cultures along the popular Midway Plaisance had enticed the massive crowds with their snappy syncopated musical style. This irregular or “ragged” rhythm soon became known as ragtime, a musical form that evolved over time into jazz and other styles—and indeed formed the basis for much of today’s popular music. Scholars agree that although syncopated music did not necessarily originate at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition, it was the fair that gave the form its first large scale public exposure. Cakewalks and “Coon Songs” A holdover from the racist minstrel shows, ragtime songs called “ coon songs ” gained immense popularity among white audiences beginning about 1880. Where polite parlor ballads might have featured imagery of sweet love and “proper” relationships (“Come with Thy Sweet Voice Again,” “I Love You Truly”), this new breed of song caricatured African American culture and dialect, and often—though not always—included lyrics about drunkenness, gambling, promiscuous behavior and violence (“Gimme Ma Money,” “The Bully Song,” “Carve Dat Possum”). Despite the outwardly offensive racist nature of the lyrics, the songs were often accompanied by the syncopated rhythms of early ragtime, and the result became a nationwide craze during the 1890s. Historic Recording: “Coon song” (baritone solo with orchestra accompaniment) “Taint de Kind o’ Grub I’ve Been Gettin’ Down Home,” performed by Bob Roberts, ca. 1905 Edison Gold Moulded Record, No. 8983 “Now we will have an instrumental number by the band, in the fascinating rhythm of the cakewalk.” —Minstrel show, ca. 1890s “A Swell Cake Walk” As both a dance and its accompanying pre-ragtime musical style, the cakewalk was another carryover of the minstrel era that gained tremendous popularity in the 1890s. Initially developed by slaves to mock the formal dances of their owners (who, in turn awarded cakes to the best performers; hence the name), the dance was popularized by minstrel actors as the “walk around” and later became a featured attraction in many vaudeville shows. Traditionally performed as the grand finalé of the show, cakewalking couples would dress in high-fashion attire and dance two-by-two around the stage in a jubilant, high-stepping manner. The syncopated rhythm of the cakewalk’s lively banjo accompaniment (as later interpreted with other instruments) made the cakewalk an irresistible highlight of many a musical performance. Historic Recording: Cakewalk (Dance) (banjo solo with piano accompaniment) “Eli Green’s Cake Walk” performed by Vess L. Ossman, released between 1896 and 1899 Columbia Phonograph Co., No. 3856. UC Santa Barbara Library,  Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project  ( MP3 audio file ) The Birth of Ragtime Usually performed by a banjo soloist or small banjo-led combos ala the minstrel bands, the simple “ragged” rhythm that accompanied the cakewalk was originally intended for dancing, but soon became more sophisticated, and developed a life of its own, apart from the dance. The unsophisticated yet catchy 2/4 time signature and syncopated short-long-short (oom-pa) rhythm made the new musical form distinctly appealing to diverse audiences. As the piano began to replace the banjo and more sophisticated rhythms developed, ragtime


Which Liverpudlian was Prime Minister of Great Britain four times in the 19th century?

BBC - History -   British History in depth: Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline On This Day Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline Do you know which prime minister brought 'fallen women' to 10 Downing Street? Or which one fought a duel? Or who was known as 'the Goat'? Take a political journey through nearly 300 years of high ideals and low cunning, from Gordon Brown to the first man to hold prime ministerial powers, Robert Walpole. Margaret Thatcher Conservative, 1979 - 1990 Britain's first female prime minister came to power with the country descending into industrial and economic chaos. A relatively inexperienced politician, she nonetheless adopted a personal style of indomitable self-confidence and brooked no weakness in herself or her colleagues. Derisively dubbed the 'Iron Lady' by the Soviet press, she wore the moniker with pride. Her government's free-market policies included trade liberalisation, deregulation, sweeping privatisation, breaking the power of the unions, focus on the individual and the creation of an 'enterprise culture'. 'Thatcherism' has had a profound and lasting economic and social impact on Britain, and still sharply divides opinion to this day. The first PM to serve three consecutive terms (including two 'landslide' victories) she was eventually toppled by her own party following the disastrous imposition of a 'poll tax'. Nonetheless, she is generally considered to be one of the best peace time prime ministers of the 20th Century. James Callaghan Labour, 1976 - 1979 Callaghan inherited the office of prime minister following the surprise resignation of Harold Wilson. With only a tiny parliamentary majority to support him, he faced an increasingly one-sided confrontation with organised labour in the form of rampant strike action. Things came to a head in the so-called 'Winter of Discontent', a phrase from Shakespeare borrowed by Callaghan himself to describe the events leading up to February 1979. Britain was 'strikebound', with public servants staging mass walk outs, leaving food and fuel supplies undelivered, rubbish uncollected and - most notoriously - bodies unburied. Things became so bad in Hull it was dubbed 'the second Stalingrad'. The tabloid press has since been accused of overstating the severity of the situation (and wrongly quoting him as saying 'Crisis? What Crisis?') but it was enough at the time to sound the death knell for Callaghan's government later in the same year. Harold Wilson Labour, 1974 - 1976 In March 1974, Wilson became prime minister for the third time at the head of a minority government, following the first hung parliament (one where no party holds a majority) for 45 years. Often described as a wily fixer and negotiator, it took all of his skills to hold on to power in the face of economic and industrial turmoil. His party was also sharply divided, with many Labour members of parliament (MPs) bitter about Wilson's manoeuvring against his colleagues. He called another general election in October 1974, thereby ending the shortest parliament since 1681, and was returned to office with a majority of just three seats. He presided over a referendum on Britain's membership of the European Economic Community (EEC), and a collapse in the value of the pound which prompted a humiliating 'rescue operation' by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Exhausted, Wilson resigned saying 'politicians should not go on and on'. Edward Heath Conservative, 1970 - 1974 Heath succeeded in taking Britain into the European Economic Community (EEC), the precursor to the European Union, despite two previous failed attempts by Britain to gain entry, in 1961 and 1967. But his government was dogged by torrid industrial relations and recurrent economic crises. Things came to a head in January 1974, when industry was put on a 'three-day week' to conserve fuel. Fuel was in dangerously short supply following a combination of domestic industrial action (coal miners on 'work-to-rule') and a quadrupling of prices by Middle Eastern oil exporting nations in the wake of Israel's victory in the Yom Kipp


Which island territory is a self-governing unincorporated territory of the U S A?

Unincorporated territory legal definition of Unincorporated territory Unincorporated territory legal definition of Unincorporated territory http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Unincorporated+territory Territories of the United States (redirected from Unincorporated territory) Also found in: Wikipedia . Territories of the United States Portions of the United States that are not within the limits of any state and have not been admitted as states. The United States holds three territories: American Samoa and Guam in the Pacific Ocean and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea. Although they are governed by the United States, the territories do not have statehood status, and this lesser legal and political status sets them apart from the rest of the United States. The three U.S. territories are not the only U.S. government land holdings without statehood status. These various lands fall under the broad description of insular political communities affiliated with the United States. Puerto Rico in the Caribbean and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean belong to the United States and have the status of commonwealth, a legal and political status that is above a territory but still below a state. The United States also has a number of islands in the Pacific Ocean that are called variously territories and possessions. U.S. possessions have the lowest legal and political status because these islands do not have permanent populations and do not seek self-determination and autonomy. U.S. possessions include Baker, Howland, Kingman Reef, Jarvis, Johnston, Midway, Palmyra, and Wake Islands. Finally, land used as a military base is considered a form of territory. These areas are inhabited almost exclusively by military personnel. They are governed largely by military laws, and not by the political structures in place for commonwealths and territories. The United States has military bases at various locations around the world, including Okinawa, Japan, and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. A precise definition of territories and territorial law in the United States is difficult to fashion. The U.S. government has long been in the habit of determining policy as it goes along. The United States was established through a defensive effort against British forces and then through alternately defensive and offensive battles against Native Americans. From this chaotic beginning, the United States has struggled to fashion a coherent policy on the acquisition and possession of land. The U.S. Constitution does not state exactly how the United States may acquire land. Instead, the Constitution essentially delegates the power to decide the matter to Congress. Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1, of the Constitution provides that "New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed … by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress." The same section of the Constitution gives Congress the "Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States."Under International Law the United States and other nation-states may acquire additional territory in several ways, including occupation of territory that is not already a part of a state; conquest, where allowed by the international community; cession of land by another nation in a treaty; and accretion, or the growth of new land within a nation's existing boundaries. Through various statutes and court opinions, Congress and the U.S. Supreme Court have devised a system that gives Congress and the president control over U.S. territories. Congress delegates some of its policy-making and administrative duties to the Office of Insular Affairs within the Interior Department . The president of the United States appoints judges and executive officers to offices in the territories. Congress devises court systems for the territories, and the Supreme Court may review decisions made by te


Queen Salote Tubou ruled over which country from 1918 to 1965?

Tonga: History History Tonga History Archaeological evidence indicates that the islands of Tonga were settled c.830 B.C., but the Polynesians are believed to have arrived some 400 years after that. The current ruling dynasty traces its rise to power to the 10th cent. Dutch navigators sighted the northern islands in 1616 and the rest of the group in 1643. Capt. James Cook visited the islands in 1773 and 1777 and named them the Friendly Islands. English missionaries arrived in 1797 and helped to strengthen British political influence. Internal wars in the early 19th cent. ended with the accession of King George Tupou I (1845–93), who unified the nation and gave it a constitution (1862), a legal code, and an administrative system. His successor, King George Tupou II (1893–1918) concluded a treaty making Tonga a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga remained self-governing, with the British responsible for foreign and defense affairs. Queen Salote Tupou III ruled from 1918 to 1965, when she was succeed by her son, King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV. A new treaty in 1968 reduced British controls, and complete independence was attained on June 4, 1970. Since the late 1980s, Tongans have agitated for democratic reforms, but the king has generally opposed any change that would dilute the monarchy's power. In 2001 it was revealed that as much as $37 million in government funds had disappeared as a result of investment in a Nevada asset management company, and corruption within the royal family and government remains a problem. Amendments in 2003 to the constitution permit the restriction of freedom of speech, a move that was used to silence publications critical of the government, but parts of the amendments (and restrictive media laws passed in 2003) were subsequently declared void. In 2005 two commoners were selected to join the cabinet for the first time, and in 2006 one (Fred Sevele) was appointed prime minister, also a first. In July–Sept., 2005, the nation experienced a civil service strike that turned into a call for democratic reform, but the strike was settled without any addressing of the broader political issues. King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV died in 2006, and George Tupou V succeeded him. Frustration over the failure of the legislature to enact reforms led to rioting in the capital in Nov., 2006; many government offices and businesses were destroyed. Following the rioting, the government imposed a state of emergency that was not rescinded until Feb., 2011, and announced that there would be new legislative elections in 2008 and that a majority of the members of the legislature would be popularly elected. Subsequently, the government arrested a number of prodemocracy legislators on charges relating to the riots and moved to set back legislative reform to as late as 2010. In the 2008 legislative elections, prodemocracy candidates, including incumbent legislators facing sedition charges dating from the 2006 riots, won two thirds of the popularly elected seats. In July, 2008, prior to the king's formal coronation, he announced that he would yield much of his power as part of a move toward democracy, but progress toward that goal was slow. The five legislators accused of seditious conspiracy had all their indictments dismissed in Sept., 2009, except for a seditious speech charge against one representative. A tsunami the same month devastated the northern island of Niuatoputapu. In Nov., 2009, the constitutional commission issued its recommendations, which called for reducing the king's power, making the head of government answerable to the Legislative Assembly, and increasing the people's legislative representatives; in Apr., 2010, legislation increased the number of the people's representatives in future elections. In July, however, the judicial independence was undermined when the king was given control over the appointment of judges. In November, a prodemocracy party won a majority of the popularly elected seats, but an alliance of the noble representatives and independent representatives chose the new prime minister, Lord Tuivakano. In


"What game is also known as ""Literati"", ""Alfapet"", ""Funworder"", ""Skip-A-Cross"", ""Spelofun"", ""Palabras Cruzadas"" and ""Word for Word""?."

Scrabble is heading for a high school near you - Stabroek News Scrabble is heading for a high school near you By Email Print Tweet Share By Tiadi Blair A team from the Guyana Association of Scrabble Players (GASP), the game’s governing body, is currently working with the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports to launch the game competitively in  secondary schools. Moen Gafoor However, there is not enough manpower or resources to include primary schools in the programme as yet but president of the GASP Moen Gafoor says he is confident that it would be a success among the older pupils. In order to make the game more attractive the association plans to obtain corporate sponsorship to offer prizes to winners at each level of competition. The president also observed that teachers and pupils will need training in order to play the game correctly. Meanwhile, Gafoor urged the public to look out for the new venture which will help in the mental development of pupils and may improve upon the present state of literacy in Guyana. Scrabble is a word game in which two to four players score points by forming words from individual lettered tiles on a game board marked with a 15-by-15 grid. The words are formed across and down in crossword fashion and must appear in a standard dictionary. Official reference works (e.g. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary) provide a list of permissible words. According to online information, the name Scrabble is a trademark of Hasbro, Inc. in the United States and Canada and of Mattel elsewhere. Scrabble was a trademark of Murfett Regency in Australia, until 1993 when it was acquired by J. W. Spear & Sons (now a Mattel subsidiary). The game is also known as Literati, Alfapet, Funworder, Skip-A-Cross, Scramble, Spelofun, Palabras Cruzadas (“crossed words”) and Word for Word. The game is sold in 121 countries in 29 different language versions and some one hundred and fifty million sets have been sold worldwide. “If there hadn’t been any Depression in the Thirties there wouldn’t be any Scrabble,” according to  Alfred Butts, the inventor of Scrabble who, incidentally, never made any money from what became one of the most successful board games of the twentieth century. Butts was an unemployed architect living in New York in the 30s when he began devising a word game using letters printed on small cardboard squares. It is said that an expert Scrabble  player can regularly score more than 400 points while it has been calculated that it’s theoretically possible to score as many as 4,153 points in a single game. This requires the use of words such as, benzoxycamphors, diazohydroxides, and oxyphenbutazone. Scrabble in Hollywood No longer limited to the parlors of the world, competitive Scrabble has now become a theme worthy of the silver screen and so far four movies have been made featuring players vying for the top spot in the World scrabble  tournament – Word Wars, Scrabylon, Word Freak, and Your Word Against Mine. The game contains 100 tiles, 98 of which are marked with a letter and a point value ranging from 1 to 10. The number of points of each lettered tile is based on the letter’s frequency in standard English writing; commonly used letters such as E or O are worth one point, while less common letters score higher, with Q and Z each worth 10 points. The game also has two blank tiles that are unmarked and carry no points value. The blank tiles can be used as substitutes for any letter, once laid on the board, however, the choice is fixed. The board is also marked with “premium” squares which multiply the number of points awarded: dark red “triple-word” squares, pink “double-word” squares, dark blue “triple-letter” squares, and light blue “double-letter” squares. The center square (H8) is often marked with a star or logo, and counts as a double-word square. In scrabble each word has a meaning; in fact the game has a special scrabble dictionary that holds over 80,000 words and is continually growing in word capacity. More words are accepted in the British scrabble dictionary in comparison to the American