Which arteries supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood?

Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck Home > Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck The cardiovascular system of the head and neck includes the vital arteries that provide oxygenated blood to the brain and organs of the head, including the mouth and eyes. It also includes the veins that return deoxygenated blood from these organs to the heart. Among these blood vessels are several unique and important structures that have evolved to help maintain the continuous flow of blood to the brain. The human brain is so powerful and metabolically active that it uses about 20% of all of the oxygen and glucose taken in by the body each day.... Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame Identify objects: Click on them in the image 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom Change Anatomical System Change View Angle Full Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck Description [Continued from above] . . . Any interruption in the blood flow to the brain very quickly results in the decline of mental function, loss of consciousness, and eventually death if not corrected. Oxygenated blood enters the neck from the trunk through four major arteries: the left and right vertebral arteries and the left and right common carotid arteries. The vertebral arteries travel through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae before entering the skull at the foramen magnum and joining at the base of the brain to form the basilar artery. From there the basilar artery provides blood to the posterior structures of the brain, including the brain stem, cerebellum, and cerebrum. The left and right carotid arteries each divide in the neck to form the left and right internal carotid as well as the left and right external carotid arteries. The internal carotid arteries pass into the skull inferior to the brain through the left and right carotid foramina. At the base of the brain, the internal carotid arteries branch off into the left and right anterior cerebral arteries and the left and right middle cerebral arteries that supply blood to the middle and anterior regions of the brain. At the base of the brain several communicating arteries form anastomoses, or passages, between the left and right posterior cerebral, left and right internal carotid, and left and right anterior cerebral arteries. These arteries collectively form a ring of blood vessels known as the Circle of Willis. The Circle of Willis provides insurance that the brain will continue to receive blood flow in the event that one of its major arteries is blocked by allowing blood flow between all of the major arteries to all of the regions of the brain. In the neck and head exterior to the skull, the external carotid artery provides blood flow to the skin, muscles, and organs. Several major arteries - including the facial, superficial temporal, and occipital arteries - branch off from the external carotid to provide blood to the many superficial structures of the head. Three pairs of major veins return deoxygenated blood from the tissues of the head and neck to the heart. The left and right vertebral veins descend through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae to drain blood from the spinal cord, cervical vertebrae, and muscles of the neck. In the head, superficial structures on the exterior of the skull are drained by the pair of external jugular veins, which descend through the neck lateral to the vertebral veins. Most importantly, the brain is drained by a group of large cavities in the dura mater layer of the meninges known as dural venous sinuses. Blood collected in these sinuses drains into the largest veins in the head and neck - the left and right internal jugular veins. The internal jugular veins collect blood from the brain as well as the superficial structures of the head and neck before descending through the neck towards the heart. Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor


What was the name of the queen consort to King William IV?

J Doran - Memoir of Queen Adelaide, consort of King William IV J Doran - Memoir of Queen Adelaide, consort of King William IV 1861-07-02 Memoir of Queen Adelaide, consort of King William IV  1861 RCIN 1006334 21.0 x 1.0 cm (book measurement (inventory)) Groupings Memoir of Queen Adelaide, consort of King William IV Keep in touch Sign up to e-mail updates for the latest news, exclusive events and 15% off in our online shop. Email address


In Greek Mythology, which son of Demeter was the god of wealth and riches?

PLUTUS (Ploutos) - Greek God of Wealth & Agricultural Bounty Plutus and Demeter, Apulian red-figure loutrophoros C4th B.C., The J. Paul Getty Museum PLOUTOS (Plutus) was the god of wealth. At first he was solely concerned with agricultural bounty but later came to represent wealth in general. Ploutos was born to the goddess Demeter after she lay with the hero Iasion in a thrice-ploughed field. The young god was blinded by Zeus so he would distribute  wealth indiscriminately and not favour the good. Ploutos was usually depicted as a boy holding a cornucopia full of grain. In sculpture he was  portrayed as an infant in the arms of Eirene (Irene) , goddess of peace, or Tykhe (Tyche) , goddess of good fortune. Ploutos was closely identified with Plouton (Pluton), the god Haides in his guise as lord of the earth's hidden bounty. Plouton was also depicted holding a cornucopia. FAMILY OF PLUTUS [1.1] IASION & DEMETER (Hesiod Theogony 969, Diodorus Siculus 5.77.1, Hyginus Astronomica 2.4) [1.2] DEMETER (Folk Songs Frag 862, Greek Lyric Scolia Frag 885) [2.1] TYKHE (Aesop Fables 130) ENCYCLOPEDIA PLUTUS (Ploutos), sometimes also called Pluton (Aristoph. Plut. 727), the personification of wealth, is described as a son of Iasion and Demeter (Hes. Theog. 969, &c.; Hom. Hymn. in Cer. 491, Od. v. 125). Zeus is said to have blinded him, in order that he might not bestow his favours on righteous men exclusively, but that he might distribute his gifts blindly and without any regard to merit (Aristoph. Plut. 90; Schol. ad Theocrit. x. 19). At Thebes there was a statue of Tyche, at Athens one of Eirene, and at Thespiae one of Athena Ergane; and in each of these cases Plutus was represented as the child of those divinities, symbolically expressing the sources of wealth (Paus. ix. 16. § 1, 26. § 5). Hyginus (Poet. Astr. ii. 4) calls him the brother of Philomelus. He seems to have commonly been represented as a boy with a Cornucopia. (Hirt, Mythol. Bilderb. ii. p. 105, &c.) Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. ALTERNATE NAMES Irene and infant Plutus, Greco-Roman statue, Staatliche Antikensammlungen Hesiod, Theogony 969 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "Demeter, bright goddess, was joined in sweet love with the hero Iasion in a thrice-ploughed fallow in the rich land of Krete (Crete), and bare Ploutos (Plutus), a kindly god who goes everywhere over land and the sea's wide back, and him who finds him and into whose hands he comes he makes rich, bestowing great wealth upon him." Homer's Epigrams 15 (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "Open of yourselves, you doors, for mightly Ploutos (Wealth) will enter in, and with Ploutos comes jolly Euphrosyne (Mirth) and gentle Eirene (Irene, Peace)." Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter 484 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th or 6th B.C.) : "Right blessed is he among men on earth whom they [Demeter and Persephone] freely love: soon they do send Ploutos (Plutus) as guest to his great house, Ploutos who gives wealth to mortal men." Theognis, Fragment 1. 523 (trans. Gerber, Vol. Greek Elegiac) (Greek elegy C6th B.C.) : "Not to no purpose, Ploutos (Plutus, Wealth), do mortals honour you most of all, for you easily put up with baseness [conferring his benefits indiscriminately irrespective of merit]." Anacreontea, Fragment 36 (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric III) (Greek lyric C5th to 4th B.C.) : "If Ploutos (Plutus, Wealth) offered life to mortals for gold, then I would persevere in hoarding it, so that if Thanatos (Thanatus, Death) came he could take some and pass on." Timocreon, Fragment 731 (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric IV) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) : "Blind Ploutos (Plutus), if only you had appeared neither on land nor on sea nor on the mainland, but had lived in Tartaros and Akheron (Acheron); for thanks to you men have all evils always." Greek Lyric V Folk Songs, Frag 862 (from Hippolytus, Refutation of all Heresies) (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric IV) (Greek lyric B.C.) : "The Hierophant himself [chief priest of the Eleusinian


In Paris, Louis XV I and many others were guillotined in the Place De La Revolution? How is it now known being renamed in 1795?

Place de la Concorde in Paris, | Expedia Place de la Concorde Place de la Concorde, current page Previous image, 18 total items. Next image, 18 total items. Place de la Concorde See this handsome public square, where more than 1,300 people, including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, were executed during France’s grisly Reign of Terror. Place de la Concorde is the largest public square in Paris. Note the two impressively decorative fountains and the giant Egyptian obelisk at its center, making it an attractive public space and a prime spot for taking photos. The square was originally named Place Louis XV and featured an equestrian statue of the eponymous monarch. During the French Revolution, the statue was torn down and the square was renamed Place de la Révolution. Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Robespierre and another 1,300 people were guillotined here in the years following the revolution. In 1795, the square was given its current name in an effort to leave the turmoil of its past behind.   Look for the 76-foot (23-meter) Egyptian obelisk at the center of the square. Hieroglyphs adorn the structure, which is over 3,000 years old. These hieroglyphs depict events from the reign of Ramses II and Ramses III. Gaze skyward to see a golden pyramid at the top. This was added in 1998 to replace the original gold cap, believed to have been pilfered in ancient times. Check out the two fountains on the north and south ends of the square, both designed by German-born architect Jakob Ignaz Hittorff. The north fountain is devoted to rivers, with figures symbolizing the Rhine and the Rhône. The south fountain celebrates the seas, with figures representing the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Look for the statues dotted around the edge of the square. These represent major French cities, including Lyon, Bordeaux and Nantes. Sit on the edge of the fountains and people-watch or take some photos, using the stately buildings as a backdrop. Among the most attractive structures in the square are the Hôtel de Crillon and the identical Hôtel de la Marine, headquarters of the French Navy. Separated by the rue Royale, these two buildings were originally commissioned by Louis XV to be used as palaces. Place de la Concorde is served by the Concorde metro station. It can be reached on foot by walking in a westerly direction from the Louvre or by walking east along the Champs-Élysées. Explore More of Paris


Which Australian Olympic swimming triple gold medallist announced her retirement in 1973 at the age of 16 years and 9 months?

Famous Olympians Famous Olympians Olympians ‧ since 1850 ‧ Birthday-Anniversaries Top Surnames This project is a place to list famous and "historic" Olympians and perhaps connect them to Geni profiles. Youngest Olympic Champions in History The youngest athlete to participate at the Modern Olympics was Dimitrios Loundras of Greece who was 10 years, 216 days old when he competed in men's team parallel bars gymnastics at the 1896 Games in Athens. Inge Sørensen of Denmark was 12 yrs, 24 days old when she won a bronze medal in the 200m Breaststroke in 1936. The youngest athlete to win a gold Marjorie Gestring of the United States who was 13 years, 267 days old when she won the women's springboard diving event at the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin. Barbara Pearl Jones won gold at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. At 15 years old, she is still the youngest track and field gold medalist in history. Marjorie Gestring won gold for the United States diving team in the 1936 Berlin Games when she was only 13 years old. Due to the war, she was unable to defend her title. Nadia Elena Comaneci was the first gymnast to get a perfect score at the Olympics, she was also the youngest to win the all-around title at only 14 years old during the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games. Bob Mathias was able to overcome his inexperience to win the Decathlon at the 1948 London Games easily at just 17-years old, and without knowing many of the rules of the event. Eleanor Simmonds is the youngest Paralympic Champion, winning gold in the 100 and 400-meters swimming competition for England at only 13 years old. Simmonds continues to train in her hometown of Swansea. Fu Minxia Olympic diver - winning a gold medal award while in her teens. She won gold in Barcelona 1992 at just 14 years old. The youngest runner to win the Olympic marathon, as well as the four major marathons, Sammy Wanjiru was only 22 years old when he won in Beijing 2008. He died two years later in an apparent suicide. Tara Lipinksi, figure skater, won the gold medal at the 1998 Winter Games when she was only 15 years old. She is still the youngest gold medalist in the Winter Olympic Game history. Henry Cejudo the youngest ever American wrestling champion (21) at the Beijing 2008 Olympics. He is expected to defend his title in 2012 despite a short lived retirement. Dmitry Nelyubin is the youngest cycler to ever win a gold medal at 17 in Seoul 1988. Unfortunately, Nelybuin would be killed in a street fight in 2005. His attackers were charged with murder. Oldest Olympic Champions in History Oscar Swahn won a gold medal for shooting at the 1912 Olympics, when he was 64 years and 280 days old. At the time of his win, Swahn was 9 months older than Galen Spencer had been when he won his gold medal in 1904. The oldest ever Olympian is Oscar Swahn of Sweden. He was 72 years, 281 days old when he competed at the 1920 Olympics in shooting. He also qualified for the 1924 Olympics but withdrew without competing. Arthur von Pongracz of Austria competed at age 72 in Dressage in 1936, becoming one of the oldest ever competitors at the Olympics. He was born June 25, 1864 and competed on August 12-13, 1936, - 72 years and 49 days old. Hiroshi Hoketsu equestrian rider became the oldest Japanese Olympic representative at age 67in Beijing 2008. Hoketsu first took part in the Olympics in 1964, and he has also made the team for the 2012 Olympics, where he will be 71 years old. Louis, Count du Douet de Graville (69 years, 95 days) competed in Equestrian at the 1900 Olympics. He was born February 27, 1831, competed June 2, 1900. Galen Carter Spencer was an American who competed in archery at the 1904 Summer Olympics. He won the gold medal in the team competition. He was born September 19, 1840, and competed on September 19, 1904, which means he competed on his 64th birthday. Jerry Millner (born July 5, 1847) was a British shooter who represented Great Britain and Ireland at the 1908 Summer Olympics. He won a gold medal in the Free rifle at 1000 yards. At the time he was 61 years and 4 days old. Lorna Johnstone was the oldest wom


Mackenzie Kincaid Mackenzie Kincaid Things To Do in Utah: See Elk by Horse-Drawn Sleigh at Hardware Ranch It’s a well-known not-secret that I’ll go out of my way to take a picture of a horse. If it’s a draft horse working in harness, I’ll go even farther out of my way. Which is how I end up every few years driving about two hours through a canyon in the winter time to take a twenty-minute horse-drawn wagon ride at the Hardware Ranch Wildlife Management Area . It’s a great activity especially for lovers of wildlife and rural tradition; visitors can take a horse-drawn tour through a peacefully grazing herd of wild elk and get a much closer look at the animals than they usually will in the wilderness. There’s also an interpretive center for visitors with displays on the local native wildlife, pelts to touch, and other exhibits, along with a beautiful view out over the wildlife viewing area. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Utah Department of Wildlife Resources administer the programs at Hardware Ranch, including tagging, testing, and research centered around the elk and other wildlife. The animals are fed in this area when they come down from the higher elevations in the winter, and the feeding program helps to keep them from wandering into town where they’d be at risk of coming into conflict with people. It also ensures that they’ll have adequate feed to get them through the winter, even though the lower elevations that have traditionally been their wintering grounds have been crowded by human development. You’ll have a chance to visit with the horses who’ll give you your ride out among the elk — by sleigh when the snow is deep enough, and wheeled cart when it’s not — and the drivers are very knowledgeable about the elk, the horses, and the area. In early December, there are also a few special events , including the annual Elk Festival, and a biathalon where the competitors run on snowshoes and shoot muzzleloaders. (I didn’t know about that. I think I know what I’m going to be going to watch next winter. That sounds amazing.) It might not be a quick trip, but the beautiful snowy drive into Blacksmith Fork Canyon, the beautiful draft horses pulling the sledges and carts, and getting to see elk up close, all make it more than worth the drive. The exhibit in the visitor center are a great added bonus. The scenery can’t be beat and the photo opportunities are wonderful, and if you’re interested in wildlife there’s a lot to learn. If you’re looking to get a little closer to the wild without any off-roading, this is a great day trip. The horse-drawn vehicle seats about 20 people, and rides are first come first served, with no reservations. Tickets can be purchased in the visitor center. (The cost is $5 for people 9 and older, $3 for kids 4-8, and kids under 4 ride free.) In addition to the actual ride, you may need to wait outside for a little while before your ride (particularly if you go on a very busy day, like a Saturday or holiday), so be sure to dress warm and make sure the kids have their mittens. There is no food or fuel available at the visitor center and it’s a pretty good drive to the nearest service stations and restaurants, so make sure you’re all fueled up on gas and snacks before you leave Hyrum and get on Highway 101. (From Hyrum, it’s about 15 more miles into the canyon to Hardware Ranch.) For the 2016-2017 season, elk viewing rides opened in early December and will be going until the end of February. They’re closed Tues-Thurs, with Mondays and Fridays typically being the slower days if you’re hoping to avoid doing any waiting in line. GETTING THERE Access to Hardware Ranch is along a paved state highway, and it is regularly plowed, but be sure to check weather conditions and the forecast before heading out. (You can call the Hardware Ranch visitor center at 435-753-6206 or 435-753-6168 to check in on conditions, sleigh rides, and any other info you might need.) Chains and 4-wheel drive aren’t really necessary as long as the weather isn’t bad, and the highway back to the WMA is curvy but not winding, for a


Which fashion designer was murdered outside his Miami home on the I5th July 1997?

Fashion designer Versace shot dead: from the archive, 16 July 1997 | From the Guardian | The Guardian Share on Messenger Close The fashion guru and tycoon Gianni Versace , founder of one of haute couture's most flamboyant and renowned empires, was shot dead outside his villa in Miami Beach yesterday morning in what police believe was a carefully planned murder. The chief of Miami Beach police, Richard Barreto, said: "I believe that he was targeted," but refused to confirm a rumour that a contract had been put out on Versace's life. By last night, the FBI had launched a huge manhunt for the killer, a white male in his twenties who walked up and shot Versace twice in the head at point-blank range. The designer was opening the gate to the villa after returning from buying an Italian newspaper at a favourite local restaurant, the News Cafe. Only days ago, Versace, aged 50, was being showered with praise for his latest collection at the Paris show, acknowledging applause from the catwalk flanked by supermodels. Yesterday, there were pools of blood on the pavement outside his elegant villa after the shooting at 9am. Mr Barreto indicated that the handgun used in the murder had been sent for examination. Asked if there was anyone else in the villa at the time of the murder, he said: "My information is that he was alone." He refused to comment on a local rumour that there had been an unspecified "incident" involving Versace outside his home two nights ago. An eyewitness, Eddie Biachi, said: "There were two shots fired in his head. The police came very fast; they were trying to help him, revive him." A surgeon, Phillip Villanueva, said Versace had been shot in the back of the head. Al Boza, a police spokesman, said Versace had been opening the gate to his home on Ocean Drive when he was approached by a "white male, aged about 25, wearing a grey T-shirt, black backpack and black shorts, and a white hat ... who shot him at point-blank range". Local television reports said the man's clothing had been dumped in a nearby garage and had been recovered for analysis by police. Witnesses said the killer got into a vehicle which looked like a taxi. The driver has not been found. There were three theories last night: a killing by a jealous, obsessed maniac; a contract killing, either the result of a love affair or professional relationship turned sour; or by the Mafia or some other criminal mob. There had been no sign of any overt threat to Versace, at least none that was recorded by police in the United States or Italy . The nature of the murder suggests that the killer either knew Versace personally or had "staked him out". Versace, the first of Italy's leading designers to confirm that he was gay, went into the fashion business 25 years ago, setting up his own house with his sister Donatella. There had been tensions recently over succession within the vast company. Despite becoming more reclusive, Versace was a popular figure on the social circuit of Ocean Drive's "beautiful people" and entertained his friends frequently and in style. His elegant, three-storey mock-Spanish villa was a landmark on the fashion circuit, although in a quiet stretch of Ocean Drive, away from the hotels and the famous Art Deco strip. Versace had clothed the world's best-known women, including Princess Diana, who "relaunched" herself recently as a glamour queen in Vanity Fair magazine wearing a dress from his latest collection. She said yesterday she was "devastated" by the news of his death. In Versace's native Italy, the news provoked disbelief and concern over what could emerge from the police inquiry. The Milan fashion business is pivotal to the success of one of the world's biggest textile industries and its good name has been sullied twice recently. Last May, Versace's brother, Santo, was convicted of bribery along with two of Italy's leading designers. In 1995, Maurizio Gucci, of the luggage-to-frocks luxury goods dynasty, was shot dead outside his office in Milan. His wife, Patrizia Reggiani Martinelli, was arrested and charged with ordering his murder e


What is the common English name for the flowering plant Delphinium?

Delphinium Flowers Contact The Delphinium Flower Delphinium is the genus name for a group of approximately three hundred flowering perrennials in the Ranunculaceae, or Buttercup family. Also known as Larkspurs, the various members of this garden favorite are native to all parts of the northern hemisphere. The entire genus is highly toxic. Where the plant grows wild on rangelands, it is known to poison cattle.  Scientific Name Delphinium the scientific designation for the genus. The Latin word following it refers to one of the member species. D. occidentale, for instance, is the Sub-alpine Larkspur. Delphinium comes from the Greek delphis, or delphin, which means "dolphin." The name likely refers to the delphinium flower's curving, dolphin-like shape. The common name "larkspur" refers to the sharp claws, or spurs, of the lark's foot. Another legend says that the name originates from Delphi in ancient Greece, the famous city of the oracle. The flower was originally called "Delphinium Apollo" for the god of that city.  Geographic Origin Members of the delphinium family are found everywhere above the equator and in some of the high mountain ranges of Africa. Three species under threat of extinction - Delphinium leucophaeum, D. oreganum, and D. pavonaceum - are known to grow wild only in the Willamette Valley of Oregon in the United States. Delphinium andersonii, or Anderson's Larkspur, is found wild only in the Sierra Nevada mountains and the Great Basin region to the east of them. Delphinium exaltatum, or Tall Larkspur, is native to the Appalachian Mountains in eastern North America. Delphinium dasycaulon is one of the sub-species native to Africa, found in the wild primarily in Mozambique.  Description and Characteristics Widely cultivated for its tall spikes of florets, delphinium cultivars range in size from four inches to well over six feet in height. Each plant terminates in a raceme containing many florets. The leaves of the plant are deeply divided, with anywhere from three to seven lobes that are palm-shaped. A delphinium flower has five sepals. They form a hollow pouch or pocket with the characteristic "spur" at one end. Just inside the pouch are the plant's four true petals. An unusual looking subspecies is Delphinium nuttallianum. One of the shorter members of the family, its flowers don't grow on a stalk but rather appear at the ends of widely spaced stems, or pedicels at the top of the plant stalk. Blue delphiniums are the most well-known, but there are other colors, too. Delphinium cardinale is an unusual sub-species in that its flowers are always a deep, rich red. D. luteum, appearing wild only in California, has bright yellow blooms. D. elatum is a popular garden cultivar with brilliant white blooms.  Meaning The birth flower for July, larkspur flowers symbolize an open heart and ardent attachment. Older traditions state that delphiniums offer protection against lightning, eye disease, and witches. A delphinium wedding bouquet is more suitable for a tabletop centerpiece than carried by the bride, but they remain popular flowers for weddings. Cultivation and Care Delphinium is easy to sow from seed, though they won't flower until their second year. The seeds should be sown about 3/4-inch apart in well-drained soil, barely dusted over with dirt, and kept damp. Seedlings should sprout in two to three weeks. Transplant the seedlings into their own small pots when they've grown their first four true leaves. Give them full sunlight to avoid them gaining a "leggy" appearance. They can be placed out of doors, three feet apart, after the last hard freeze. Larkspur in bloom likes plenty of water and fertilizer. Wet the leaves and flowers encourage mildew, so keep the flow of water as close to the ground as possible. Trim old or fading flower stalks, about a foot above the foliage, then water lightly for a few weeks afterward to let the plant rest. After new growth appears, cut away the old stem, re-fertilize, and water generously again. Taller cultivars should be staked for support. Stakes should be about four feet ta


Who succeeded Hitler in April 1945 as Head of State and President of Germany?

Adolf Hitler commits suicide - Apr 30, 1945 - HISTORY.com Adolf Hitler commits suicide Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1945, holed up in a bunker under his headquarters in Berlin, Adolf Hitler commits suicide by swallowing a cyanide capsule and shooting himself in the head. Soon after, Germany unconditionally surrendered to the Allied forces, ending Hitler’s dreams of a “1,000-year” Reich. Since at least 1943, it was becoming increasingly clear that Germany would fold under the pressure of the Allied forces. In February of that year, the German 6th Army, lured deep into the Soviet Union, was annihilated at the Battle of Stalingrad, and German hopes for a sustained offensive on both fronts evaporated. Then, in June 1944, the Western Allied armies landed at Normandy, France, and began systematically to push the Germans back toward Berlin. By July 1944, several German military commanders acknowledged their imminent defeat and plotted to remove Hitler from power so as to negotiate a more favorable peace. Their attempts to assassinate Hitler failed, however, and in his reprisals, Hitler executed over 4,000 fellow countrymen. In January 1945, facing a siege of Berlin by the Soviets, Hitler withdrew to his bunker to live out his final days. Located 55 feet under the chancellery, the shelter contained 18 rooms and was fully self-sufficient, with its own water and electrical supply. Though he was growing increasingly mad, Hitler continued to give orders and meet with such close subordinates as Hermann Goering, Heinrich Himmler and Josef Goebbels. He also married his long-time mistress Eva Braun just two days before his suicide. In his last will and testament, Hitler appointed Admiral Karl Donitz as head of state and Goebbels as chancellor. He then retired to his private quarters with Braun, where he and Braun poisoned themselves and their dogs, before Hitler then also shot himself with his service pistol. Hitler and Braun’s bodies were hastily cremated in the chancellery garden, as Soviet forces closed in on the building. When the Soviets reached the chancellery, they removed Hitler’s ashes, continually changing their location so as to prevent Hitler devotees from creating a memorial at his final resting place. Only eight days later, on May 8, 1945, the German forces issued an unconditional surrender, leaving Germany to be carved up by the four Allied powers. Related Videos


'The Million Dollar Quartet' was the name given to an impromptu jam session in December 1956, at Sun Record Studios Memphis. Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis were three taking part - who was the fourth?

Million Dollar Quartet: Elvis, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis and Carl Perkins jam | Daily Mail Online comments Armed with a long list of Christmas presents to buy for his parents and friends, 21-year-old Elvis Presley slipped behind the wheel of his shiny black truck and set out to drive the five miles from his home in Memphis to the city centre. Presley’s girlfriend, Marilyn Evans, had tagged along, with instructions from his mother, Gladys, to make sure he finished the shopping, ‘and don’t you let him spend too much of his pay’. But Presley and Marilyn never did buy any presents that day. Along the way, he took a detour down Union Avenue to show her the little Sun Records studio which had been his springboard to world stardom. Golden moment: Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash at their impromptu 1956 jam session As they drove past the red brick building at No 706, Elvis saw several cars parked outside and the soundproof shutters closed. It could mean only one thing: a recording session was in progress. Leaping out of the truck, he hammered on the locked door until it was opened by the label’s boss. Sam Phillips. ‘There’s some friends in here makin’ your kind of music,’ he told Presley. Faithful reproduction: The cast of Million Dollar Quartet - Ben Goddard, Robert Britton Lyons, Michael Malarkey and Derek Hagen - recreate the historic session Inside, he found rockabilly singer Carl Perkins recording a song called Matchbox, accompanied by a little-known pianist called Jerry Lee Lewis and country singer Johnny Cash idly strumming on guitar. Presley grabbed a microphone and began singing. For the next 90 minutes the four rockers belted out whatever songs came into their heads, with Phillips shrewdly letting the tape run throughout the impromptu session, recording even their banter. ‘It’s like switching on a 55-year-old jukebox and getting hit by a blast of raw rock.' And so the first supergroup was born. The date, December 4, 1956, has gone down in the chequered history of rock ’n’ roll as the day of the Million Dollar Quartet. That session has been turned into a stage musical which opens in London on Monday, recreating every word and every note. ‘It’s like switching on a 55-year-old jukebox and getting hit by a blast of raw rock,’ says 27-year-old Michael Malarkey, who plays Elvis. ‘It’s almost eerie — Presley, Cash and Perkins are all dead, as is Sam Phillips, and only Jerry Lee survives. ‘Yet ironically he led the wildest rock ’n’ roll lifestyle of any of them. But the music they made lives on and is just as exciting today as it was at that original impromptu jamming session.’ The King: Elvis Presley strikes a typical early pelvis-twisting pose Canadian-born Derek Hagen, 33, plays Cash. Robert Britton Lyons, 34, as Perkins, is the  only member from the original U.S. cast. The original tapes could not be released at the time they were recorded. Although Presley had started his career as a Sun signing, he had moved to the giant RCA label when he hit the big time a year earlier — Phillips sold his contract to them to ease his own money problems. So some of the recordings gathered dust in Sun’s archives, and the rest were kept by Presley and only found after his home, Graceland, was searched after his death in 1977. They have been released at various times since 1981, most recently in 2006 to mark the 50th anniversary of the session, when 12 minutes of previously unheard material was included. ‘A lot of people knew about the tapes,’ says Ben Goddard, 37, who plays the 21-year-old Lewis. ‘Word had got around because Sam Phillips had made sure the Memphis local paper carried a story about the session, but nobody knew for years where they were.’ The Sun Records building is now a national monument, and for £8 a head tourists are shown iconic sights such as Presley’s microphone and can stand on the exact spot where he recorded his first hit, That’s All Right. ‘For such a tiny, scrappy little studio, it has an amazing pedigree,’ says DJ Neil Fox, who has visited 706 Union Avenue. ‘Almost every artist in r


In which religion is the Rig Veda a collection of ancient myths, hymns and poems?

The Rig Veda – A historical perspective | The Rig Veda Civilization The Rig Veda Civilization Lives and times of the people of the Rig Veda Search: Mandala V The Rig Veda – A historical perspective Most Indians, particularly Hindus, grow up learning that the Rig Veda is an ancient scripture that forms the foundation of the Hindu religion. Now, this is not entirely true. The Rig Veda is a collection of over a 1000 hymns that praise Vedic Gods or invoke them as we would today through prayer. The primary Vedic Gods are Indra, Agni, Varuna, Asvins, Surya, Yama, etc. They were powerful Gods of that time, especially Indra, who is not only revered but feared as well. In Rig Veda 6.031.02, Suhotra Bhadravaja states: Through fear of thee, O Indra, all the regions of earth, though naught may move them, shake and tremble. All that is firm is frightened at thy coming, -the earth, the heaven, the mountain, and the forest. But even the all powerful Indra is reduced to caricature in later times. Post Vedic mythology is full of tales where Indra is always at the feet of Vishnu seeking help and protection from his enemies, the Asuras. The fate of the other Vedic Gods is best left untold. With the Gods abandoned, so were the hymns that were sung in their praise or to invoke their goodwill. Did nothing survive from the Rig Veda then and why does it continue to be an exalted book of scripture even today? The ethos did. The manner in which a puja (religious ritual) is performed in Hindu homes and temples is an astonishing continuum over several thousands of years. The Gods may have changed, but the manner in which they are propitiated has remained the same. Infact, the details of how to perform a puja or sacrifice form the basis of yet another Veda – the Yajur Veda, which probably is the first Standard Operating Procedure manual produced by mankind. The fire-cult and soma-cult owe their origins to pre-Vedic times and the former continues to be the centre-piece of every Hindu religious ceremony. The Rig Veda hymns were composed by a family of seers, or Rishis (plural) as they were referred to in later times. The members of these families spread several generations and so did their compositions. (Refer to Composers of the Rig Veda for details).  Many of these families established their own schools of religious and social practices which have over time gotten interwoven in the fabric of Hindu and Indian society. In that sense, the Rishis and their schools did form the bedrock of Hindu religion and much of Indian society, but not so much the literal content of the Rig Veda as is widely believed. If you expect to find spiritual content in the Rig Veda, surprisingly, you will be a tad disappointed. That came much later in time, and peaked in the form of the Upanishads. The Upanishads emerged from a major churning during the Vedic ages, both through significant evolution and in large part even rejection of the Vedic principles. So who were the Vedic people anyway? Let us start with the composers of the hymns. As mentioned above, they were families of seers, perhaps ten in number. The hymns were not composed at any one given point in time or during one decade, generation or century, but over several hundreds of years. Descendants within the family, preserved traditions and cultivated practices common to them all. However, they also chiseled away at their specific nuances, which with time amplified into major differences and were often causes of battles amongst them or was amongst their ruling patrons. The legendary differences and conflict between Rishi Visvamitra and Rishi Vasistha is but one example. These seers were extremely powerful and rulers of the day were constantly counseled by them. Thus the seers of the Rig Veda were able to fashion the code of conduct and living of those times as well as shape history itself. These families are collectively referred to as Brahmins. Contrary to the clichéd image that we have today of Brahmins as pious and meek, the members of these families were anything but docile. The major families such as the Bharadv


Woolsthorpe Manor in Lincolnshire was the birthplace and family home of which famous scientist and mathematician?

Woolsthorpe Manor | National Trust Woolsthorpe Manor Crisp winter morning in the orchard National Trust Birthplace and family home of Sir Isaac Newton Winter tours  If you'd like to visit the Manor House in winter, we have guided tours at weekends from Friday-Monday. Booking is essential - please contact us on 01476 862823. The house is closed for general visiting at present but the tours are a great way to find out more about Isaac Newton and his home. + 3 other dates 11:00-15:00 Explore space and the forces at work, plus Newton's reflecting telescope, astronomy and the mysteries in our universe. Talks and science activities - you can even make and fire your own rocket. Small charges apply for craft events Thu 16 Feb 2017 17:30-20:30 Come and explore the skies at Isaac Newton's birthplace - with local astronomers and a team from the National Space Centre and their planetarium. Hands-on activities, talks and demonstrations -and, weather permitting, some actual stars! + 2 other dates 11:00-15:00 Celebrate British Science Week - at Woolsthorpe there'll be talks, demonstrations and hands-on stuff led by our volunteers. Nothing too technical - unless you have a really tricky question to ask them... + 1 other date 11:00-15:00 Take a new look at the world - through Isaac Newton's eyes. What would he be doing if he were growing up at Woolsthorpe in 2017? Family science activities for British Science Week. Tue 21 Mar 2017 10:30-14:30 Practical workshop led by Strawberry Glass exploring the skills of stained glass copper foiling to make a small glass panel to take home. Tuition, all materials and a light lunch included. + 1 other date 11:00-16:00 One Sunday a month we're inviting local stallholders to bring their wares to Woolsthorpe for a mini-craft event - just drop in and see what's here this month! We're always ready to welcome new volunteers so take a look at the kind of roles we offer and how to join the team. Places nearby Magnificent 15th century red brick castle - what wealth and power looks like Join Refuel with tea and cake in our coffee shop Visit the small shop in the goat-free Goat House Free parking, 50 yards Limited coach parking (booking essential) Suitable for school groups Baby hip-carriers available for loan Children's activities and mouse quiz Children's costumes Hands-on Science Centre activities and Light Workshop Family events and summer holiday activities Accessibility Designated mobility parking close to ticket office Adapted toilet in main block, approached via sloping farm yard Wheelchair access to Manor House Shop/tickets - ramp from car park and steep slope up to house, drop-off parking is available close to house entrance Ground floor of building has steps, narrow doorways and small rooms, ramps available. Stairs to other floors. Visitors' chair in each room One wheelchair available, booking essential Science Centre and Coffee Shop - level entrance Partly accessible grounds, uneven and loose gravel paths, slopes, some steps. Sloping farm yard accessible, although surface is rough Byre Activity Room - accessible entrance to film and activities Close Birthplace and family home of Sir Isaac Newton Without Isaac Newton this small manor would be just another Lincolnshire farmhouse - but in 1665 the plague sent him back from university to this place where he was born. For 18 months Newton worked in solitude, experimenting obsessively, laying foundations for the science of today. Woolsthorpe Manor tells the story of Newton's time at Woolsthorpe, from his birth and childhood to the discoveries of his Year of Wonders. In the the 17th century manor house you can stand in the room where he used a prism to split sunlight into the colours of the rainbow, exploring the nature of light. From the window you can see the apple tree in the orchard which inspired his theory of gravity. Coming back to the present day, you can discover Newton's science for yourself in the hands-on Science Centre and walk to the village church (not National Trust) where he was baptised. For more than 300 years people have come to Woolsth


Which horse was first past the post in the 1993 Grand National which was declared void due to a starting mix-up?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 3 | 1993: Grand National ends in 'shambles' About This Site | Text Only 1993: Grand National ends in 'shambles' The Grand National has ended in chaos after a series of events at the start which reduced the world-famous horse race to a shambles. An estimated 300 million people around the world were watching the race, held at the Aintree racecourse in Liverpool, live on television, when 30 of the 39 riders failed to realise a false start had been called and set off around the racetrack. The Jockey Club was forced to declare the race void after several riders completed both laps of the gruelling 30-obstacle course and passed the finish line before they realised their mistake. Aintree has said it is unlikely the race will be re-run, and bookmakers are faced with repaying the �75 million in bets placed on the race. False starts The disastrous sequence of events began seconds before the race was due to start, when protestors got onto the track near the first fence. They were spotted, and after a delay, the race officials asked horses and riders to line up again. Then there were two false starts caused by horses getting tangled up with the starting tape. On the second false start, the recall flag, which signals riders to pull up once they have started, was not waved, and all but nine riders raced away. The recall man, Ken Evans, is being interviewed by stewards to find out why he did not wave his flag. Frantic shouting The crowd shouted frantically at the jockeys to get them to stop, and officials tried desperately to flag them down from the side of the track, but without success. In the end, 11 riders had completed the first circuit before pulling up, and seven never realised anything was wrong, racing right to the finish line in the four-and-a-half-mile (7 km) race. Esha Ness, a 50-1 outsider trained by Jenny Pitman and ridden by John White, crossed the line first. "I could see there were only a few horses around, but I thought the others had fallen or something," White said after the race. Mrs Pitman, who became the first woman to train a first Grand National winner in 1983 with Corbiere, was devastated. "This is no Grand National, even though I have won it," she said. The owner of Esha Ness, Patrick Bancroft, is understood to be considering suing Aintree over the �76,000 prize money for first place. David Pipe, spokesman for The Jockey Club, said there would be an urgent inquiry into the incident.


In which state is Fort Sumter, the battle for which marked the start of the American Civil War in April 1861?

Fort Sumter - American Civil War - HISTORY.com Google Fort Sumter: Construction and Design Fort Sumter was first built in the wake of the War of 1812 (1812-1815), which had highlighted the United States’ lack of strong coastal defenses. Named for Revolutionary War general and South Carolina native Thomas Sumter, Fort Sumter was one of nearly 50 forts built as part of the so-called Third System, a coastal defense program implemented by Congress in 1817. The three-tiered, five-sided fort’s coastal placement was designed to allow it to control access to the vital Charleston Harbor. While the island itself was only 2.4 acres in size, the fort was built to accommodate a garrison of 650 soldiers and 135 artillery pieces. Did You Know? There were no casualties during the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter at the start of the American Civil War. The only Union deaths came during the evacuation: One soldier was killed and another mortally wounded in an accidental explosion during a planned 100-gun salute. Construction of Fort Sumter first began in 1829 in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, on a manmade island built from thousands of tons of granite. Building ground to a halt in the 1830s amid a dispute over ownership of the stretch of the harbor, and did not resume until 1841. Like many Third System fortifications, Fort Sumter proved a costly endeavor, and construction slowed again in 1859 due to lack of funding. By 1860 the island and the outer fortifications were complete, but the fort’s interior and armaments remained unfinished. Fort Sumter: The First Battle of Fort Sumter Construction of Fort Sumter was still underway when South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860. Despite Charleston’s position as a major port, at the time only two companies of federal troops guarded the harbor. Commanded by Major Robert Anderson (1805-1871), these companies were stationed at Fort Moultrie, a dilapidated fortification facing the coastline. Recognizing that Fort Moultrie was vulnerable to a land assault, Anderson elected to abandon it for the more easily defensible Fort Sumter on December 26, 1860. South Carolina militia forces would seize the city’s other forts shortly thereafter, leaving Fort Sumter as the lone federal outpost in Charleston. A standoff ensued until January 9, 1861, when a ship called the Star of the West arrived in Charleston with over 200 U.S. troops and supplies intended for Fort Sumter. South Carolina militia batteries fired upon the vessel as it neared Charleston Harbor, forcing it to turn back to sea. Major Anderson refused repeated calls to abandon Fort Sumter, and by March 1861 there were over 3,000 militia troops besieging his garrison. A number of other U.S. military facilities in the Deep South had already been seized, and Fort Sumter was viewed by many as one of the South’s few remaining hurdles to overcome before achieving sovereignty. With the inauguration of President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) in March 1861, the situation soon escalated. Knowing that Anderson and his men were running out of supplies, Lincoln announced his intention to send three unarmed ships to relieve Fort Sumter. Having already declared that any attempt to resupply the fort would be seen as an act of aggression, South Carolina militia forces soon scrambled to respond. On April 11, militia commander P.G.T. Beauregard (1818-1893) demanded that Anderson surrender the fort, but Anderson again refused. In response Beauregard opened fire on Fort Sumter shortly after 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861. U.S. Captain Abner Doubleday (1819-1893)—later famous for the myth that he invented baseball—ordered the first shots in defense of the fort a few hours later. Beauregard’s 19 coastal batteries unleashed a punishing barrage on Fort Sumter, eventually firing an estimated 3,000 shots at the citadel in 34 hours. By Saturday, April 13, cannon fire had broken through the fortress’s five-foot-thick brick walls, causing fires inside the post. With his stores of ammunition depleted, Anderson was forced to surrender the fort shortly after 2 p.


"Which 1967 Beatles song contains the lines ""On the corner is a banker with a motor car; the little children laugh at him behind his back""?"

The Beatles - Penny Lane - YouTube The Beatles - Penny Lane Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Mar 31, 2008 Category


Antonio Salazar was the virtual dictator of which country from 1932 to 1968?

António de Oliveira Salazar | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia António de Oliveira Salazar 5 July 1932 – 25 September 1968 President 18 April 1951 – 29 July 1951 Preceded by 3 June 1926 – 19 June 1926 Prime Minister 28 April 1928 – 28 August 1940 Prime Minister 21 January 1930 – 20 July 1930 Prime Minister 13 April 1961 – 4 December 1962 Prime Minister 27 July 1970(1970-07-27) (aged 81) Lisbon, Portugal ( Portuguese pronunciation:  [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ] ; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese professor and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. His Council of Ministers briefly served as acting President of the Republic in 1951; he was never President of the Republic, but was the virtual dictator of the country in the manner of Franco and Mussolini. He founded and led the Estado Novo (New State), the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal from 1932 to 1974. In 1940, Life magazine called Salazar "the greatest Portuguese since Prince Henry the Navigator ". [1] Opposed to communism, socialism, anarchism and liberalism, Salazar's rule was corporatist , conservative , and nationalistic in nature. Its policy envisaged the perpetuation of Portugal as a pluricontinental nation under the doctrine of lusotropicalism , with Angola, Mozambique, and other Portuguese territories as extensions of Portugal itself, with Portugal being a source of civilization and stability to the overseas societies in the African and Asian possessions. Portuguese India was lost following Indian invasion in 1961, prompting the international community to start opposing Salazar's colonial politics as well as initiating a lengthy struggle for the control of the colonies , involving hundreds of thousands of Portuguese soldiers, which ended only in 1975. [2] [3] [4] At home, Salazar's government and its secret police PIDE repressed civil liberties and political freedoms in order to remain in control of Portugal, including the 1965 PIDE shooting of Humberto Delgado , declared winner by the opposition in the 1958 presidential election , while Delgado and his secretary tried to illegally enter Portuguese territory from Spain. The political suppression, although less bloody than the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War and over-all state repression in neighboring Francoist Spain , resulted in widespread migration, border control and isolation, although the regime co-founded the United Nations and NATO as well as other international organizations. Control of the economy, of citizens and of colonial policy were only cosmetically relaxed until the left-wing Carnation Revolution in 1974. The latter led to attempts to introduce democratic socialism and eventually allowed for the restoration of a full parliamentary democracy. [5] Despite the repressive character of his rule and controversial colonial policy, Salazar remains thoroughly popular among a right-wing section of the Portuguese public. In March 2007, Salazar was elected the "Greatest Portuguese Ever" on the RTP1 TV show, Os Grandes Portugueses [6] as well as " Worst Portuguese Ever " on a parody tv show from rival channel SIC Notícias . Contents Edit This article does not contain any citations or references. Please improve this article by adding a reference. For information about how to add references, see Template:Citation . Salazar was born in Vimieiro, near Santa Comba Dão ( Viseu District ), to a family of modest income. His father, a small landowner, had started as an agricultural labourer and became the manager for a distinguished family of rural landowners of the region of Santa Comba Dão, the Perestrelos, who possessed lands and other assets scattered between Viseu and Coimbra . He had four older sisters, and was the only male child of two fifth cousins, António de Oliveira (17 January 1839 to 28 September 1932) and wife Maria do Resgate Salazar (23 October 1845 to 17 November 1926), whose paternal grandfather was a landowner and a nobleman. Despite the knowledge of his ancestry, Salazar always preferre


Which spirit is the basis of a Tom Collins cocktail?

Tom Collins Cocktail Recipe How to make The Tom Collins Cocktail Add the lemon juice, simple syrup and gin to a shaker and fill with ice. Shake well and strain into a highball or Collins glass filled with fresh ice. Top with club soda and garnish with a lemon wheel and a cherry. Other Information Watch Liquor.com advisory board member Simon Ford make a proper Tom Collins in our  How to Cocktail video . Cocktail Profile


What is the most widely accepted gemstone for January?

4 Choices of January Birthstone | Kamayo Jewelry 4 Choices of January Birthstone by Deomar Pandan What is the birthstone for January? As a matter of fact, the right question would be, what are the birthstones for January? There are all in all four birthstones of January, the first month of the year. What are the different January birthstones? Here we list the 4 types of January birthstone. Ancient Italian & Russian: Garnet & Red zircon Tibetan: Emerald By her who in this month is born No gem save garnets should be worn; They will ensure her constancy, True friendship, and fidelity. — Gregorian birthstone poem Garnet is the most widely accepted birthstone for January. Garnet is the traditional as well as the modern January birthstone. Garnet was also consistently designated as the gemstone for January in the ancient Roman, Italian, Polish, Russian, Hebrew, Arabic and old Hindu (Ayurvedic) calendars. Before the gemstone was made the birthstone of January, garnet was the zodiac stone for Capricorn and Aquarius, both falling partly on the month of January. Garnet is a valuable gemstone cherished since antiquity. While most expensive in its green variety called demantoid, garnet is most commonly a red gemstone. Accordingly the color of garnet regarded as stone for January is the red garnet, which comes from several garnet species, namely, almandine, pyrope, spessartine, andradite and grossular. This January gemstone is believed to bestow strength and protection. The January stone is also regarded as a symbol of friendship, exchanged between friends to express affection, and in the hope that they would meet again in the future. Zircon in different colors, including red Source: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0 Red Zircon Zircon is a transparent gemstone that makes excellent substitute to diamond. While most popular in its blue color, zircon also occurs in red, in which case the gemstone is called hyacinth, or jacinth. This red zircon is the birthstone for January in the ancient Italian and Russian calendar. While hyacinth is the red variety of zircon, this January birthstone may also hold traces of yellow. The January stone is believed to enhance peace of mind, as well as bring prosperity. An emerald ring with diamonds on the side Source: gemteck1, CC BY 2.0, via flickr Emerald Emerald is the birthstone for January in the old Tibetan calendar. This January birthstone is the green variety of beryl, and is, not only one of the most expensive gemstones in the world, but is also among the only four gemstones regarded as precious stones in the modern day. This birthstone of January is prized mostly for its color, the verdant green. When beryl occurs in a color beside green, the gemstone would be called by a different name — aquamarine when blue, for instance, and heliodor when yellow — and the stone would be accordingly less expensive. The January gemstone, emerald, is believed to bring well-being, as well as stimulate clairvoyance. Ruby the red precious stone Source: Humanfeather via Wikimedia Commons Serpent Stone Serpent stone is the birthstone for January in the Hindu calendar. The identity of this January birthstone is rather dubious. Some say that the name serpent stone refers to ruby, which would make sense; since ruby is the birthstone for Capricorn — which falls partly on the month of January — and is a gemstone that is red in color, similar to the other birthstones for January, namely, garnet and red zircon. Others, however, insists that serpent stone is just that, serpent stone, better known as black stone or snake stone. This January stone consists of black animal bones believed to heal snake bites. January Birthstone Color What color is January birthstone? Given the limited choices of birthstones for January, and how they are definitively described by color, January birthstone color is undoubtedly red, specifically deep red. Garnet, the foremost birthstone for January, occurs most commonly as red stones, and is widely thought of as red since ancient times. The next January gemstone, hyacinth, is also a red gemsto


Who (1620-1647) claimed to have been given the title Witch Finder General?

Mathew Hopkins Visit The George Knowles Website Matthew Hopkins is perhaps the most notorious name in the history of English witchcraft, more commonly he was known as �The Witch-Finder General�.  Throughout his reign of terror 1645-1646, Hopkins acquired a feared and evil reputation as a �fingerman� (informer), paid by local authorities to commit perjury.  Together with his henchman and fellow �Witch-Pricker� John Sterne, in just 14 months, Hopkins was responsible for the condemnations and executions of some 230 alleged witches, more than all the other witch-hunters that proliferated during the 160-year peak of the country�s witchcraft hysteria.   Montague Summers (1880-1948) a Catholic Priest devoutly against witchcraft, an eminent scholar of Trinity College Oxford, a prolific author who wrote extensively about the darker sides of witchcraft, demonology and vampirism, and who believed adamantly that witches were evil servants of the devil 'Satan' who throughout history deserved all the punishments they received, describes Matthew Hopkins as:  �an orthodox Puritan of narrowest views, which were certainly adopted for convenience rather than from conviction, he was energetic enough so far as his own pockets were concerned, and his crusade up and down the eastern counties, which created something like a reign of terror at the time, has caused his name to stink in the nostrils of all decent persons ever since�.   An early defender and critic against witchcraft was Samuel Butler (1612-1680), an English satirist.  His most famous poem was 'Hudibras', published in three parts 1663, 1664 and 1678, and which immediately became popular for its biting satire against the Puritans.  He wrote:   Hath not this present Parl�ament A Lieger to the Devil sent, Fully impower�d to treat about Finding revolted Witches out? And has he not within a year Hang�d threescore of them in one Shire? Some only for not being drown�d, And some for sitting above ground. Whole days and nights upon their Breeches, And feeling pain, were hang�d for Witches And some for putting knavish Tricks Upon green Geese or Turkey Chicks Or Pigs that suddenly deceast Of griefs unnatural, as he guess'd Who after proved himself a Witch And made a rod for his own Breech.   From Samuel Butler's - Hudibras (first published in 1663).   Matthew Hopkins - his early life:   The origins and early life of Matthew Hopkins had for centuries been a complete mystery, no factual evidence about him had ever been uncovered, no birth certificate, no educational records and no death certificate existed.  It was therefore only possible to trace his origins through the use of speculative association from other known sources and second-hand information.  After nearly two centuries in obscurity new evidence about his death was found in Mistley, Essex.  An entry in "Notes & Queries, 1st series, vol. 10, p. 283, 7th Oct 1854", stated that:   �In an ancient parish register belonging to the parish of Midley-cun-Manningtree, commencing in 1559 is the following entry�:   �Matthew Hopkins, son of Mr James Hopkins, Minister of Wenham, was buried at Mistley, August 12th, 1647.   There is reason to believe that this was the noted Matthew Hopkins, Witch Finder General to the associated counties, who had frequently been mentioned by various writers.  Sir Walter Scott says:  �He was perhaps a native of Manningtree in Essex, at any rate he resided there in the year 1644, when an epidemic cry of witchcraft arose in that town��  It is not known that any writer has made any mention of Hopkins after 1647.  The inference therefore is, that the particulars in that register refer to him�.      The actual register is now in a somewhat faded condition, and is held among the archives of the combined parishes of Manningtree and Mistley (not Midley, as stated above), and is kept by the Suffolk Records Office in Ipswich.  The actual entry reads:   �1647 Aug 12 Matthew s M : James HOPKINGS, Minister of Wenham, buried at Mistley�.   Brief though this confirmation is, it also mentions his father, the first factual evidence


Complete the name of the cigarette company W.D. & H.O ?

Cigarette Cards and Trade Cards collectors site - Valueing your Wills Collection. Valuation Guide - W.D & H.O Wills Below is a list of sets with their values taken from the 2003 catalogue. The prices below are a guide for insurance purposes only, I’m afraid these are not the prices you will achieve if you are looking to sell your collection.  Even card dealers are lucky to get anywhere near half catalogue for sets of cards these days!  In my opinion the problem is, since the age of the internet, cigarette cards along with many other collectables have become more readily available. This has affected the prices which have not been adjusted by the publishers of the Valuation Guide! The cards I buy can stay in stock for years and there is no sign of cards going up in value over the coming years, this is not just because of the current recession as this was apparent long before. I will of course be giving an offer to try and make a profit and I appreciate you want as much for your cards as possible. If you offer your cards to other dealers I would like to think you'll find my offer is a fair one. If you wish to buy any of the following sets you can   click on the button next to the set(s) you are interested in, I will then get back to you   with a price (which will be less than the catalogue price listed) and   availability. Alternatively you are welcome to email me with your   requirements. Key to Letters used in No. In Set Column K - Smaller than Standard


Tribeca, the name of a neighbourhood of Lower Manhattan, is a portmanteau word made up how?

How the Neighborhoods of Manhattan Got Their Names | Mental Floss How the Neighborhoods of Manhattan Got Their Names filed under: History , Neighborhoods Like us on Facebook For an island of only 24 square miles, Manhattan sure has a lot of neighborhoods. Many have distinct monikers that might not seem intuitive to the lay-tourist, or even to a lifelong New Yorker. Here's where the names of New York's most famous 'hoods came from. More in This Series: Brooklyn , Chicago , Philadelphia , Seattle Hell’s Kitchen vs. Clinton In recent decades, businesses and real estate agents have tried in vain to clean up the lively reputation of this west side neighborhood by renaming it “Clinton.” Gentrification and expansion from the neighboring theater district have certainly helped the beautification cause. Nonetheless, the area spanning 34th Street to 59th Street and 8th Avenue (or 9th, depending on who you ask) to the Hudson River just can’t shake the nickname “Hell’s Kitchen.” At one time not so long ago, Hell’s Kitchen lived up to the nightmarish implications of its name—and then some—but the actual origins of the name have become something of folklore. One legend involves a seasoned cop and a green cop watching a riot take place in the heart of the neighborhood. The story goes that the young cop remarked, “This place is hell itself!” to which the older cop responded “Hell is a mild climate. This is hell’s kitchen.” The second widely accepted origin comes from the name of a local gang, aptly called “The Hell’s Kitchen Gang.” It was the transgressions of this rough group upon which Herbert Asbury based his 1927 book Gangs of New York, which Martin Scorsese would later adapt into a film by the same name. Hell’s Kitchen was first mentioned in the New York Times on September 22, 1881; the paper used the term to refer to a tenement house on 39th between 9th and 10th . The days of ethnic strife and poverty that once defined Hell’s Kitchen are long gone, but the name has stuck. Government and business officials drew the alternative name from DeWitt Clinton Park located on the outskirts of the neighborhood. Named for the 19th century New York governor, officials thought the local park and the name Clinton would evoke a sense of New York pride. But for now, residents and other New Yorkers alike proudly call this area Hell’s Kitchen. Harlem For a neighborhood with such a rich artistic and cultural history, the origins of its name are rather muted. Harlem is a modification of the name Haarlem, a city in the Netherlands after which this former Dutch village was named. The neighborhood is huge, beginning at 110th Street between 5th and 8th Avenues, and from 125th Street up to 155th Street from 5th Avenue to the water, and eventually from the East River to the Hudson River. Greenwich Village A hotdog stand in Greenwich Village, circa 1914. The heart of bohemia in 1960s New York, this lower Manhattan neighborhood has the Dutch and the British to thank for its name. Greenwich comes for the Dutch word “Greenwijck” which means “Pine District.” When the Dutch ran New York (or New Amsterdam, as they called it), a Dutch man named Yellis Mandeville purchased property in the Village. He allegedly renamed the area after another village on Long Island by the same name. The first recorded appearance of this name change appeared in Yellis’ will at the turn of the 1700s; the name has since been Anglicized to Greenwich. "The Village," as it's often now called, extends from 14th Street to Houston Street and from Broadway west to the Hudson River. Chelsea A quarter century before the American Revolution, retired British Major Thomas Clarke bought 94 acres of land located between what is now 21st and 24th Streets, and from 8th Avenue to the water. He built a home on the property and named it “Chelsea,” after a veterans’ hospital and retirement home for elderly soldiers located in Britain. Chelsea Estate would pass through many more hands over the years, but the name Chelsea hung around long enough to become the official name of the neighborhood, which currently


The Stratosphere Tower is the highest building in which US city?

Travel & Explore | USA | Las Vegas, Nevada | Stratosphere Casino Hotel Nevada Stratosphere Casino Hotel Twice the height of any other building in the city - the tallest building west of the Mississippi,       and the tallest freestanding observation tower in the United States.       The Stratosphere Tower features indoor and outdoor observation decks, the world's highest thrill rides and a 360-seat       revolving restaurant and cocktail lounge. Guests are whisked from the ground floor to the observation decks in less than 35 seconds via double-decker elevators traveling at       speeds of 1,800 feet per minute or three floors a second. Once you've arrived, you can ride the Big Shot, which shoots riders 160       feet in the air in 2.5 seconds; or the all-new X Scream, a teeter-totter-like ride that tilts passengers 30 feet over the edge of the tower. If you're looking for a different kind of a thrill, browse the 50 specialty shops in The Tower Shops, lounge by the 67,000-square-foot       resort pool and recreation deck or play in the 80,000-square-foot gaming area in the hotel, which also features nearly 2,500 guest rooms       and suites. The bright, cheery casino offers competitive gaming odds, 1,600 slot machines, table games, poker room and sports book. Inside the Theatre of the Stars, you can see the variety show "Viva Las Vegas" in       the afternoon and "American Superstars" - a tribute to today's and yesterday's       hottest stars, Britney Spears, Elvis Presley, Christina Aguilera, Charlie Daniels,       Michael Jackson and Ricky Martin - in the evening. Dining options include the Courtyard Buffet; Roxy's Diner, a 1950s-style       eatery serving burgers, fries and shakes; Fellini's Ristorante Italiano;       Oyster Bar and inland dishes of Mexico at the Crazy Armadillo;       the vintage Vegas-themed Lucky's Café coffee shop and the Top of the       World gourmet restaurant, which revolves 360-degrees every hour. The Trick Art Museum - the latest addition to the Stratosphere -       features Japanese art techniques that transform flat paintings into "living" three-dimensional artwork.       This interactive museum allows people to see, touch and photograph the paintings. Location:


Who came to power as Prime Minister of Italy in 1922?

Why was Mussolini appointed Prime Minister in 1922? - A-Level History - Marked by Teachers.com Why was Mussolini appointed Prime Minister in 1922? Extracts from this document... Introduction Why was Mussolini appointed Prime Minister in 1922? There were many significant reasons as to why Mussolini was appointed leader in 1922: Italy had an indecisive King, Italian Prime Minister Facta hesitated to act against the Fascists, Fascist violence, Italy's national fear of Socialists, the aftermath of World War I and Mussolini's potential as a leader all led to Mussolini's appointment as Prime Minister in 1922. Mussolini had been under great pressure for the Ras to seize power and by 1922, many Fascists considered that the time had come to seize power. Mussolini however disagreed with them and was still trying to be appointed legally. By the autumn of 1922, he was in contact with most major politicians of the formation of a new government that would include the Fascists. Italy's ruler was King Victor Emmanuel II. He was a weak man and quite incapable of providing any firm leadership for the country, as he was convinced of his own powerlessness. He did not stick to his own convictions and was swayed very easily by contemporaries. Evidence of King Victor Emmanuel's indecisive was displayed when Italian Prime Minister Facta requested martial law to quash Fascist thugs. ...read more. Middle There was a large fear of Socialism within the countryside that won the Fascists much support. Farmers and peasants believed that Socialists threatened their gains. There was considerable resentment over the power of Socialist Land Leagues and many farmers were prepared to take action against the Socialist threat. Many small landowners harmed by Socialist local government and worried about a Socialist revolution joined the movement. Labourers, tenants, farm managers and some better-off peasants were recruited to the squadristi and enabled the Fascist's to challenge the Socialist hold over the countryside. Many landowners and large farmers supported the Fascist movement due to its violent opposition towards the Socialists. The squadristi had no problem obtaining arms; with their anti-Socialist commitment they often received help from the army and police. By the late 1920s, the squadristi had proved so effective that urban industrialists to rural landlords, tired of the indifference of the government, were willing to pay generously for their help against Socialist trade unions. Right-wing violence was being tolerated and important economic groups were drawn towards supporting the Fascists. These groups supported them morally and gave generous financial donations. Many Liberals agreed with the Fascist violence and they were seen as defenders of the country against a left-wing takeover. ...read more. Conclusion Mussolini also recognised the fear of Socialism in Italy and acted upon it quickly. Some argue that the success of the Fascists was purely down to Mussolini as the Socialists were a greater party. It could be argued that Mussolini was appointed by entirely constitutional means by King Victor Emmanuel. A telegram was sent inviting Mussolini to be a member of a coalition government as the King hoped it would preserve law and order. However, others must share the blame for Mussolini's appointment, namely Prime Minister Facta and his Liberal government. The Fascists were a minority within the government and many of the elite thought that a period in office would calm them, a few politically experienced thought that their office would be as short as previous ones. Many older politicians ignored many daily acts of Fascist violence and felt the Fascist rule would be short-lived. Although it seemed that Mussolini's appointment as Prime Minister was inevitable, if the King or any politicians had acted differently in events leading up to Mussolini's appointment, it could have been a very different story. In theory, the idea of bringing the Fascists into a coalition government seemed logical and that it could be used in order to tame the movement. In rea


Which film features the Mos Eisley Cantina?

Lego Star Wars 75052 Mos Eisley Cantina - Lego Speed Build - YouTube Lego Star Wars 75052 Mos Eisley Cantina - Lego Speed Build Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 9, 2014 Do you want to see more LEGO Speed Build videos from BrickBuilder? Subscribe this channel and see all new lego sets as the first! On my channel is all most popular lego series such as Chima, Trains, City, Ninjago, Creator, Star Wars, Movie, Super Heroes, Hobbit and other awesome lego sets! Welcome to the noisy and dangerous Mos Eisley Cantina™ on the desert world of Tatooine! Park the landspeeder and enter, staying clear of the giant dewback drinking from the trough outside. Make sure Luke, Han and Obi-Wan have their weapons with them as they enter through the sliding door and walk past the droid scanner. Open out the building for easier play and order a drink while the Bith™ cantina band gets ready to play their instruments. Recreate scenes in the cantina from Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope, such as the showdown between Han Solo™ and Rodian bounty hunter Greedo™. Pieces: 616 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qq4ZIi... Informations: Includes 8 minifigures with assorted weapons and accessories: Han Solo™, Luke Skywalker™, Obi-Wan Kenobi™, Greedo™, a Sandtrooper™ and 3 Bith™ Musicians Features Mos Eisley Cantina™, a landspeeder, vaporator and a dewback with feeding area Mos Eisley Cantina™ features a dome roof, entrance with sliding door and droid scanner, opening roof, slide-out floors to the middle rooms, bar with shelves, money and bottles, stage for the Bith band, seats, table and windows Landspeeder features a dual cockpit, windscreen, 3 massive engines and a trunk Dewback features an opening mouth, saddle with weapon holster plus brick pieces for when the saddle is removed Weapons include 3 blasters, 2 lightsabers and a blaster rifle Accessories include 3 instruments for the Bith™ band members and electrobinoculars Lead the dewback to the feeding area outside Slide out the floors of the middle rooms for easier play Help the Bith™ band set up to play their instruments Recreate the famous showdown between Han Solo™ and Greedo™ from Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope! Mos Eisley Cantina™ measures over 4” (12cm) high, 6” (17cm) wide and 7” (18cm) deep when closed, and 4” (12cm) high, 12” (32cm) wide and 4” (11cm) deep when opened Landspeeder measures over 1” (4cm) high, 7” (18cm) long and 3” (10cm) wide Dewback measures over 2” (6cm) high, 6” (16cm) long and 1” (4cm) wide


How was Alf Tupper known in the boy's comic 'Victor'?

1094 - 1119 RP? (title - The Rough, Tough Boyhood of Alf Tupper). 1126 - 1145 RP? (title - Alf Tupper - The Rough, Tough Early Days of a Famous Runner). 1149 - 1160 (title - Alf Tupper's Castle; Alf aged 13, has his home in Malton Castle). 1164 - 1172 RP? (title - A Rough, Tough Summer for Alf Tupper; Aunt Meg; Richard Preece). 1183 - 1198 (title - The Rough, Tough Boyhood of Alf Tupper). RP?; artist Jim Bleach). 1202 - 1217 (title - The Mile of the Masters; artist Jim Bleach). 1227 - 1236 (title - The Tough On The Marathon Trail; artist Tony Harding). 1267 - 1279 (title - A Tough Job For Alf Tupper; artist Jim Bleach). 1283 - 1302 (title - A Thousand Tough Miles for Alf Tupper; artist Tony Harding). 1305 - 1314 (title - Tough tests for Alf Tupper; Alf challenges some of Britain's oldest and strangest records). (artist Jim Bleach). 1318 - 1328 RP of issues 482 - 492 (title - Edinburgh of Bust!; see above entry). 1338 - 1353 (title - Too Tough of Alf Tupper?; artist Jim Bleach). 1370 - 1389 RP of issues 517 - 536 (title - Tough At The Top; see the above entry). 1407 - 1420 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Jim Bleach). 1442 - 1455 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Jim Bleach). 1463 - 1472 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Jim Bleach). 1495 - 1506 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Jim Bleach). 1510 - 1521 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Jim Bleach). 1526 - 1544 RP? (title - Tough of the Track). 1546 - 1562 RP? (title - Tough of the Track). 1573 - 1584 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Jim Bleach; first Tupper series to be printed in full colour). 1585 - 1596 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Carlos Pino; Slim & Tiny join up with Alf as his bodyguards!)). 1620 - 1631 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Carlos Pino). 1632 - 1643 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Mike Dorey). 1644 - 1655 (title - Tough of the Track; artist Carlos Pino). 1656 (One issue complete story; artist Jim Bleach). 1657 (One issue complete story; artist Jim Bleach). Red Dagger issues 2 & 22 - a 64 page compilations of several Tupper stories. (Artist Sutherland). see also The Hornet 439 - finishes after 454 (title - King Bernard; featuring Bernard Briggs (Hornet series character); and Alf Tupper; artist not known). Alf Tupper is probably the most famous and popular character to have ever appeared in The Victor. Morgyn the Mighty and Braddock are probably the only two other characters who could challenge The Tough of the Track for the top spot in the popularity stakes. Three views of Alf Tupper as drawn by Peter Sutherland. On the left an early view of Alf, in the centre the Alf most readers probably remember and on the right the runner as a young lad. So what is it about this sporting character that makes him so popular? There�s no guns, explosions or much in the way of danger and on the face of it adventures about running, aren�t that exciting. But you would be wrong in thinking this is a boring series. Far from it. The Tupper series has some classic picture stories adapted from the original text stories and in artist Peter Sutherland, the ideal artist (for me anyway), who brought the series to life. For many Sutherland is the artist who is most closely associated with the character. Later other artists drew the character, but none in my view came close to surpassing Sutherland�s artwork. Below is a potted history of the great runner, to be expanded upon over the coming months. Alf, a working class lad, is always down on his luck, never having enough money for a decent meal or pair of running shoes and living in poor sleeping quarters. Orphaned at an early age, his dad died when he was young and his mother perished in a house fire when he was twelve. Alf was brought up by his rough, tough, uncaring Aunt Meg. His childhood years were difficult he was always being targeted by bullies, usually boys who were older and taller than he was. But Alf is a fighter and he usually gave as good as he got. If he had enemies, he also had many friends, in policemen, teachers, fellow runners and so on. But no matter what is happeni


The name of which form of transport is derived from Greek words meaning spiral and wing?

Dinosaur Words | OxfordWords blog Home > Dinosaur Words Dinosaur Words Dinosaurs – those prehistoric animals that walked the earth long before humans were a twinkle in evolution’s eye – fascinate many of us. Not only are we drawn to their ‘monstrous’ and otherworldly appearance, we also find their names intriguing. ‘Lizard hips’ and ‘bird hips’ A dinosaur can be any of a large number of reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic era, between 225 and 65 million years ago. They appeared during the Triassic period, survived the Jurassic , and became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous . Dinosaurs are classified by palaeontologists into two main groups or orders : Saurischia (‘lizard hips’), which includes the bipedal carnivores and the giant herbivores ; and the Ornithiscia (‘bird hips’) which are the smaller herbivores ( Philip’s World Encyclopedia, 2008 ). Like the fossilized bones that give us clues about these reptiles’ existence and extinction, the names for dinosaurs, when excavated and picked over with a palaeontologist ’s (or, in this case, a lexicographer ’s) fine-tooth comb, give us insights into how words we use today have developed over hundreds of years. Fish, earthquakes, and wings: excavating the meanings of dinosaur names The word ‘dinosaur’ itself comes from a combination of the Greek deinos ‘terrible’ and sauros ‘lizard’. Many of the dinosaur names end in ‘-saurus’ or ‘-saur’, and the first part of the name often gives a clue to the physical characteristics of the animal, based on its meaning in Greek. So an ichthyosaur resembles a dolphin (albeit one with four flippers, and a vertical tail) – the name comes from Greek ikhthus (‘fish’). A pterosaur – from pteron (‘wing’) – is one of an order of flying reptiles with membranous wings supported by a greatly lengthened fourth finger, and probably covered with fur. The pterodactyl is a genus of pterosaur – from pteron ‘wing’ + daktulos ‘finger’. Words beginning with ‘pter’ might look strange to us, but there is one surprising word in today’s English that makes it easy to remember what it means: a helicopter is a ‘spiral-winged’ form of transport – from Greek helix ‘spiral’ + pteron ‘wing’! A huge late Jurassic dinosaur, probably the longest ever animal with a length of up to 35-45m, and one of the heaviest at up to 100 metric tons, earned the name seismosaurus – literally, ‘earthquake lizard’. And with its massive head sporting two large horns and a smaller horn on its snout, the triceratops is also aptly named: trikeratos ‘three-horned’ + ops ‘face’. A chatty / loquacious / garrulous / voluble / verbose dinosaur? There is one word ending in ‘saurus’ that has nothing to do with dinosaurs, or the Greek word sauros ‘‘lizard’: that writer’s favourite, the thesaurus . Not quite as ancient as the dinosaur, the word ‘thesaurus’ is first recorded in the OED from the 16th century, and also originally comes from Greek, thesauros: ‘storehouse, treasure’. A thesaurus originally meant just ‘a dictionary or encyclopedia’, but was narrowed to its current meaning of ‘a book that lists words in groups of synonyms and related concepts’ when Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases was published in 1852. The opinions and other information contained in OxfordWords blog posts and comments do not necessarily reflect the opinions or positions of Oxford University Press. Author


Which country is ruled by the Dragon King?

Bhutan's Dragon King | Vanity Fair Twitter His Majesty King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, wearing the ceremonial Raven Crown, greets monastic well-wishers. Photograph by Lynsey Addario. On a bitterly cold day last winter, high in the eastern Himalayas, the king of Bhutan voluntarily gave up his throne. Watched by his fiercely patriotic people, the fourth Druk Gyalpo, or Dragon King, took the Raven Crown, a ceremonial headpiece with Tantric skulls stitched around the rim, surmounted by an embroidered raven’s head, and placed it on the head of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck. The new king, a charismatic 29-year-old with a hairstyle that recalls Elvis Presley’s, is not your typical Himalayan monarch. Nor is Bhutan—the world’s last surviving Himalayan Buddhist kingdom, and an odd but successful mixture of ancient and modern—a country like any other. On the night of the coronation my wife, Meru, and I were having a quiet after-party at the Aman Hotel, in the capital, Thimphu, with some members of the Indian delegation, when their security detail went on sudden alert. Agents from New Delhi with spaghetti in their ears sized up an incoming group of Bhutanese men. The men turned out to be security agents, too. “Papa 2 clear,” said one of the Bhutanese, talking into a microphone hidden in the long sleeve of his traditional robe, as if it were an old-fashioned speaking tube. I thought that “Papa 2” might be code for “Prince 2,” because the flurry of activity marked the arrival of His Royal Highness Prince Jigyel, the new king’s brother, who had that day become heir-presumptive to the crown of Bhutan. More of Lynsey Addario’s photographs: “A Coronation in Bhutan.” The 24-year-old Jigyel, an Oxford graduate who dodged bullets with his father while fighting Assamese insurgents in the country’s southern jungles in 2003, typifies the incongruities of Bhutan. Dressed in impeccable black shoes, knee-length socks, and a gray robe, Prince Jigyel had dropped by the hotel to say hello to a guest—Nakata, the Japanese football star and fashion model, who is known as “the Asian David Beckham.” For the prince, it had been an emotional day. That morning, he had watched his father, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, formally abdicate after 34 years as king. “When I saw His Majesty put the Raven Crown on my brother’s head,” Prince Jigyel told me later that evening, “I didn’t know whether to cry from happiness or from sadness.” It was instinctive for the prince to refer to his father in this reverential, regal way: “He’s the man behind the man. We think of him almost as a god.” Jigyel’s sister Princess Chimi was similarly moved: “I had never seen the Raven Crown before.” The invitation to the coronation had come from the senior queen of Bhutan, and had reached us in London on a dank October day. It was unexpected, because coronations in Bhutan are usually closed to foreigners, but the queen told me I had been invited to witness the event because the retiring king and the crown prince both liked the books I had written on the history of Tibet and the Himalayas. Despite having little time for the monarchy in my own country, England, I was impressed with the Bhutanese version. The “old king” was in fact only 53, but his 34-year reign had been remarkable by any measure, and he now hoped to see the Raven Crown pass securely to the next generation. Having inherited the job as a teenager after the death of his father, he married four beautiful sisters, sired 10 children, and steered Bhutan into the modern era with extraordinary skill. He introduced effective health-care and education systems, banned Western-style buildings in favor of local designs, refused to let forests be chopped down indiscriminately, and introduced “appropriate technology,” such as Japanese power tillers, which were sold cheaply to Bhutanese farmers. Rather than build smoke-belching power plants or shun electricity altogether, he introduced hydroelectric schemes which now earn Bhutan substantial revenues by selling surplus power to India. (The king once observed, “Water is to us


Connie Fisher won a TV competition to find the lead for Andrew Lloyd Webber's production of which musical?

Andrew Lloyd Webber's rejects: where are they now? | Radio Times Twitter Andrew Lloyd Webber's rejects: where are they now? Films, leading roles in the West End, worldwide tours - missing out on the Lord's prize roles hardly meant curtains for these contestants... Comments Tony Peters 3:00 PM, 14 July 2012 As another group of hopefuls gathers in the presence of Andrew Lloyd Webber hoping to be sprinkled with stardust, dissenting voices from within the theatre industry will no doubt register their concerns. For one lucky soul, of course, this very public audition process will be a massive career boost and the opportunity to follow in the footsteps of previous series winners such as Connie Fisher and Lee Mead. But what of the “rejects”? It would be easy to think that elimination doomed them to a life of shelf-stacking obscurity — or, worse still, the reality TV circuit. But a catch up with four stars of ALW’s contests confirms this is clearly not the case... SAMANTHA BARKS - 21 (I’d Do Anything) *Came third in I’d Do Anything, the search for a Nancy to star in a revival of the musical Oliver! *Later that year she won the lead as Sally Bowles in a touring production of Cabaret, opposite Wayne Sleep. *Recently won the plum role of Eponine in the film version of Les Miserables, due out December. When you didn’t win the role of Nancy, were you devastated or did you view the whole thing as a valuable experience? I saw the whole thing as a valuable experience. I think the main reason for it being 100% positive in my eyes was because I was 17 and at the beginning of my career so I had nothing to lose! I went on the show to gain fantastic experiences, to learn and to push myself, and each of those I was able to fulfill. So I was very grateful for the opportunity to do that!  Despite you being eliminated from the show, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Cameron Mackintosh were clearly impressed by your potential...  I have been extremely lucky to have Andrew and Cameron in my life, on the show they were always positive towards me and encouraged me. Just after the final I was in the very first workshop for Andrew’s new show Love Never Dies and then after a few years I met Cameron again and that's when the Les Mis chapter in my life started! I have such respect for them, and their work is utter genius! What advice would you give to the people on Superstar? My advice would be not to take yourself too seriously! Of course take your craft seriously but that's it! Don't get too hung up on criticism OR praise because it's a constant wave of emotions and the best thing you can do is keep a level head and work hard at what you do!  Some powerful people in the industry have voiced their opposition to shows like Superstar. Have you ever encountered any ill feeling from performers who came up through professional training rather than a talent show? I have never come across any ill feeling towards reality shows, although I know it exists. Growing up performing was just what I did. At the time I was doing my GCSEs I was also involved in rehearsals for 5 different shows, 2 ballets, a pantomime, a dance show and 2 musicals – that was just life. At 16 I moved away from my family and home in the Isle of Man to go to drama school so I have been working non-stop towards this dream and luckily people seem to recognise that hard work. You’ve been very busy with the Les Miserables movie - how did you find the experience?  I have loved every moment of filming. To get to explore the world of film hand-in-hand with a character so close to my heart is such a great experience. Even though it's the same show as the musical, at the same time it's so different and the attention to detail blows my mind. You spend a year of your life on stage trying to imagine what this world looks like in your head and then you set foot on set and there it is, everything you ever imagined... and more. AOIFE MULHOLLAND - 34 (How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?) *Survived until week five of How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?, the 2006 search for a lead in The Sound of Music. *Immediate


If a president is elected in a presidential election, what name is given to an election to choose a governor?

Presidential Elections - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Presidential Elections A+E Networks Introduction Departing from the monarchical tradition of Britain, the founding fathers of the United States created a system in which the American people had the power and responsibility to select their leader. Under this new order, George Washington, the first U.S. president, was elected in 1789. At the time, only white men who owned property could vote, but the 15th, 19th and 26th Amendments to the Constitution have since expanded the right of suffrage to all citizens over 18. Taking place every four years, presidential campaigns and elections have evolved into a series of fiercely fought, and sometimes controversial, contests, now played out in the 24-hour news cycle.The stories behind each election—some ending in landslide victories, others decided by the narrowest of margins—provide a roadmap to the events of U.S. history. Google 1789: George Washington – unopposed The first presidential election was held on the first Wednesday of January in 1789. No one contested the election of George Washington , but he remained reluctant to run until the last minute, in part because he believed seeking the office would be dishonorable. Only when Alexander Hamilton and others convinced him that it would be dishonorable to refuse did he agree to run. The Constitution allowed each state to decide how to choose its presidential electors. In 1789, only Pennsylvania and Maryland held elections for this purpose; elsewhere, the state legislatures chose the electors. This method caused some problems in New York , which was so divided between Federalists who supported the new Constitution and Antifederalists who opposed it that the legislature failed to choose either presidential electors or U.S. senators. Before the adoption of the Twelfth Amendment, each elector cast two votes for president. The candidate with a majority won the presidency, and the runner-up became vice president. Most Federalists agreed that John Adams should be vice president. But Hamilton feared that if Adams was the unanimous choice, he would end in a tie with Washington and might even become president, an outcome that would be highly embarrassing for both Washington and the new electoral system. Hamilton therefore arranged that a number of votes be deflected, so that Adams was elected by less than half the number of Washington’s expected unanimous vote. The final results were Washington, 69 electoral votes; Adams, 34; John Jay , 9; John Hancock , 4; and others, 22. 1792: George Washington – unopposed As in 1789, persuading George Washington to run was the major difficulty in selecting a president in 1792. Washington complained of old age, sickness, and the increasing hostility of the Republican press toward his administration. The press attacks were symptomatic of the increasing split within the government between Federalists, who were coalescing around Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, and Republicans, forming around Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson . James Madison , among others, convinced Washington to continue as president by arguing that only he could hold the government together. Speculation then shifted to the vice presidency. Hamilton and the Federalists supported the reelection of John Adams. Republicans favored New York governor George Clinton, but Federalists feared him partly because of a widespread belief that his recent election to the governorship was fraudulent. In addition, the Federalists feared that Clinton would belittle the importance of the federal government by retaining his governorship while serving as vice president. Adams won relatively easily with support from New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, except New York. Only electoral votes are recorded here, because most states still did not select presidential electors by popular vote. Nor was there a separate vote for president and vice president until the Twelfth Amendment took effect in 1804. The results were Washington, 132 electoral votes (unanimous); Adams, 77; Clinton, 50; Jefferson,