Which country won the most medals overall at the Beijing Olympics in 2008?

Which country 'won' the Olympics? -- china.org.cn Which country 'won' the Olympics? Adjust font size: 下载安装Flash播放器 By Dr. C.A. Tuggle, professor with University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The Olympics are over, but the battle about which country can rightfully claim medal supremacy rages on. In China, and most of the rest of the world, that determination is based on the number of gold medals won. In the U.S., it's based on the total number of medals. Both approaches are fundamentally flawed. To count only gold medals makes silver and bronze relevant only in case of a tie and disrespects the accomplishments of winners of the "lesser" medals. Consider, for example, if Michael Phelps were the lone Olympics representative of the country of Phelpsylvania. Swimming's superman would single-handedly have put his country at number ten on the list, ahead of France with 40 total medals but only 7 golds. Phelps' 8th gold would have, in effect, trumped the combination of 33 silver and bronze medals. Despite the Chinese saying that "one gold equals a thousand silvers", such thinking is wrong headed and goes against the Olympic spirit. Why even give silver and bronze medals? Country rank by gold medals won (top 12) 1. China - 51 Country rank by gold medals won (top 5)  2. USA - 36 Country rank by total medals won (top 12) Country rank by total medals won (top 5)  1. USA - 110 11. Japan - 25 12. Cuba - 24 Conversely, to count all medals equally is just as counter-intuitive. Gold does not equal silver and does not equal bronze. If it did, the medal podiums would be the same height, one flag would not wave above the others, and fans would hear the anthems of three countries, not just one. Hence, it's necessary to assign some sort of points scale to the medals to determine which country came out on top. Some in the blogosphere have suggested basing such a scale on the relative worth of the metal in the medals. We should discount this suggestion out of hand for two reasons. First, at current prices, gold is worth about 65 times more than silver, which is about 9 times more valuable than bronze. Josafa Idem's (ITA) silver medal in women's K1 500m., a canoe/kayak flat water event in which Inna Osypenko-Radomska (UKR) crossed the line four one-thousandths of a second ahead of Idem, is hardly 1/65th as valuable as the gold. In addition, there's very little gold in a gold medal - a minimum of only 6 grams by IOC rule. A gold medal is mostly silver. Others have suggested a scale based on reverse order of finish, with the gold medalist earning 3 points for his or her country, the silver medalist 2, and the bronze medalist 1. A similar suggestion is a 5-3-1 scale, which the organizers of the 1908 London Games used. Both seem less than ideal, because the difference between a gold and a silver is the same as the difference between a silver and a bronze. So the question remains, what should be the relative worth of the various medals? The USOC has already answered the question. America's governing body for Olympics competition awards prize money to Olympic medal winners. U.S. gold medalists in Beijing will get $25,000, with silver and bronze resulting in prizes of $15,000 and $10,000 respectively. Using that ratio would put the point value of the various medals at 5, 3, and 2 points. Such a scale values the accomplishments of all medalists, while putting a decided premium on winning gold. Based on this scale, China had a slight lead heading into the final day of competition, 361 to 353 for the U.S. The Chinese started the day with a gold in boxing, which the U.S. matched in men's volleyball. The Chinese kept pace with a U.S. gold in men's basketball and a silver in men's water polo, with another gold and silver in boxing. Unless one chooses to stubbornly cling to total medal count as the indictor of a country's medal success, we must conclude that China outperformed the U.S. at the Beijing Olympics. Country rank using weighted scale (top 12) 1. China - 374 11. Ukraine - 80 12. Cuba - 65 It's easy to look at the Beijing Games, in terms of U.S. pe


Which European country has land borders with Austria, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Poland and the Czech Republic?

EUROPA - Hungary | European Union website, the official EU website European Union website, the official EU website Hungary Overview:  Hungary is a landlocked country in central Europe, which borders with no fewer than seven countries: Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia and Austria. The country is mostly flat, with low mountains in the north.  The most important sectors of Hungary’s economy in 2015 were industry (27.4 %), wholesale and retail trade, transport, accommodation and food services (18.3 %) and public administration, defence, education, human health and social work activities (17.6 %). Hungary’s main export partners are Germany, Romania and Slovakia, while its main import partners are Germany, China and Austria. Capital:  Population as % of total EU:  1.9 % (2015) Seats in the European Parliament:  21 Yes, Schengen Area member since 21 December 2007. Presidency of the Council:  Hungary has held the revolving  presidency of the Council of the EU  once in 2011. Read more:  Hungary in the EU European Parliament European Parliament office in Hungary Council of the EU In the  Council of the EU , national ministers meet regularly to adopt EU laws and coordinate policies. Council meetings are regularly attended by  representatives  from the Hungarian government, depending on the policy area being addressed. Presidency of the Council of the EU The Council of the EU doesn't have a permanent, single-person president (like e.g. the Commission or Parliament). Instead, its work is led by the country holding the Council presidency, which rotates every 6 months. During these 6 months, ministers from that country's government chair and help determine the agenda of Council meetings in each policy area, and facilitate dialogue with the other EU institutions. Dates of Hungarian presidencies: More on the  current presidency of the Council of the EU . European Commission The Commissioner nominated by Hungary to the European Commission is Tibor Navracsics , who is responsible for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport. The Commission is represented in each EU country by a local office, called a "representation". Commission representation in Hungary European Economic & Social Committee Hungary has  12 representatives  on the  European Economic and Social Committee . This advisory body – representing employers, workers and other interest groups – is consulted on proposed laws, to get a better idea of the possible changes to work and social situations in member countries. Committee of the Regions Hungary has  12 representatives  on the  Committee of the Regions , the EU's assembly of regional and local representatives. This advisory body is consulted on proposed laws, to ensure these laws take account of the perspective from each region of the EU. Permanent representation to the EU Hungary also communicates with the EU institutions through its  permanent representation  in Brussels. As Hungary's "embassy to the EU", its main task is to ensure that the country's interests and policies are pursued as effectively as possible in the EU. Budgets and Funding How much does Hungary contribute and receive? Member countries' financial contributions to the EU budget are shared fairly, according to means. The larger your country's economy, the more it pays – and vice versa. The EU budget doesn't aim to redistribute wealth, but rather to focus on the needs of all Europeans as a whole.  Breakdown of Hungary’s finances with the EU in 2015:  Total EU spending in Hungary – € 5.629 billion Total EU spending as % of Hungarian gross national income (GNI) – 5.32 % Total Hungarian contribution to the EU budget – € 0.946 billion Hungarian contribution to the EU budget as % of its GNI – 0.89 %  More figures on the EU budget, revenue and spending:


With which musical instrument is Pablo Casals associated?

Pablo Casals | Biography & History | AllMusic google+ Artist Biography               by Blair Johnston As the first modern cello virtuoso, Pablo Casals created a new appreciation of the instrument and its repertory when the concert stage was still considered the exclusive playground of the piano and violin. Casals also devoted his formidable musical skills to composition and conducting, leaving many insightful readings of the standard orchestral repertory to posterity via recordings. He is remembered today as much for his pacifism and regard for human life as for his musicianship (he once stated that "the life of a single child is worth more to me than all my music"). Casals came to his true instrument relatively late in life, having first developed some degree of skill on the piano, violin, and organ. Discovery of the cello at the age of 11 led to studies (from 1887 on) with J. Garcia at the Barcelona Municipal Music School. After a period of supporting himself playing in local cafés, Casals was granted a royal scholarship to the Madrid Conservatory in 1893, where he worked with Tomás Bretón , and later in Brussels in 1895. After a brief tenure as a cellist at the Folies-Marigny music hall in Paris, Casals returned to teach and perform in Barcelona, and joined the first of a series of notable chamber ensembles with which he would be associated: a piano trio with Belgian violinist Crickboom and well known pianist and composer Enrique Granados . In 1919 Casals founded the Orquestra Pau Casals in Barcelona. Although the project was quite successful, the outbreak of civil war in 1936 forced its dissolution. Casals , who spoke out vehemently against the Franco regime, was forced to seek refuge in the Catalan village of Prades. Following the Second World War, saddened by the lack of any definitive action against the Franco regime by major world powers, Casals elected to cease performing as an act of protest. Inspired by the Bach bicentenary celebrations of 1950 at the first annual Prades Festival, Casals came out of retirement to begin a new series of recordings and concerts. In 1956 he made a new home in Puerto Rico, where he founded the Puerto Rico Festival. Though nearing 85, he began a campaign for peace in 1962, traveling around the world to conduct performances of his oratorio El pessebre (The Manger). Casals continued to make occasional concert appearances until virtually the end of his life in 1973. Casals ' impact on cello playing in the twentieth century cannot be overestimated. His radical approach to bow and finger technique produced a mechanical prowess far beyond any other cellist of the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries. In addition, Casals was the first cellist to incorporate the kind of left-hand shifting techniques which had been employed for decades by violinists, thus allowing for far greater agility on the cello than had been previously thought possible. Always scornful of "flashy," superficial virtuosi, Casals strove tirelessly to develop and maintain the kind of intense musical concentration which he considered to be the true artist's responsibility. Casals ' virtues as a composer are less unimpeachable; very little of his music was published during his life. Works such as his Hymn to the United Nations (1971), on text by W.H. Auden , and, of course, El pessebre (composed 1943-1960) did receive numerous performances, but his works received little more than cursory notice by the musical establishment. However, the steadfast devotion which so defined his performing persona is evident in such works as the Revérie for cello and piano (1896), or the much later Sonata for violin and piano, which he worked on sporadically from about 1945 to 1972.


Which artistic movement was led by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso?

Cubism Movement, Artists and Major Works | The Art Story Resources Quotes "Cubism is not a reality you can take in your hand. It's more like a perfume, in front of you, behind you, to the sides, the scent is everywhere but you don't quite know where it comes from." Pablo Picasso "The goal I proposed myself in making cubism? To paint and nothing more... with a method linked only to my thought.. Neither the good nor the true; neither the useful nor the useless." Pablo Picasso "What greatly attracted me - and it was the main line of advance of Cubism - was how to give material expression to this new space of which I had an inkling. So I began to paint chiefly still lifes, because in nature there is a tactile, I would almost say a manual space... that was the earliest Cubist painting - the quest for space." Georges Braque "If I have called Cubism a new order, it is without any revolutionary ideas or any reactionary ideas... One cannot escape from one's own epoch, however revolutionary one may be." Georges Braque "Cubism is moving around an object to seize several successive appearances, which fused in a single image, reconstitute it in time." Juan Gris "It was a tradition to represent a dancer frozen in a chosen position, like a snapshot. I broke away from this tradition by superimposing postures, blending light and motion and scrambling the planes." Sonia Delaunay "Enormous enlargements of an object or a fragment give it a personality it never had before, and in this way, it can become a vehicle of entirely new lyric and plastic power." Fernand Léger "Let the picture imitate nothing; let it nakedly present its raison d'etre." Jean Metzinger "Whether it is Juan Gris taking objects apart, Picasso replacing them with objects of his own invention, or another who replaces conical perspective by a system based on the relations between perpendiculars, all that only goes to show that Cubism was not at all born out of an authoritative theory [mot d'ordre]; that it only marked among a few painters the will to be finished with an art that never ought to have survived the condemnation pronounced upon it by Pascal." Jean Metzinger "Cubism was an attack on the perspective that had been known and used for 500 years. It was the first big, big change. It confused people: they said, 'Things don't look like that!'" David Hockney "He commenced the long struggle not to express what he could see but not to express the things he did not see, that is to say the things everybody is certain of seeing but which they do not really see." Gertrude Stein, on Picasso's early art "I have transformed myself in the zero of form and fished myself out of the rubbishy slough of Academic Art. I have destroyed the circle of the horizon and escaped from the circle of objects, the horizon-ring that has imprisoned the artist and the forms from nature. The square is not a subconscious form. It is the creation of intuitive reason. The face of the new art. The square is the living, royal infant. It is the first step of pure creation in art." Kazimir Malevich Like The Art Story on Facebook Beginnings A watershed moment for the development of Cubism was the posthumous retrospective of Paul Cézanne's work at the Salon d'Automne in 1907. Cézanne's use of generic forms to simplify nature was incredibly influential to both Picasso and Braque. In the previous year, Picasso was also introduced to non-Western art: seeing Iberian art in Spain, and African-influenced art by Matisse, and at the Trocadero anthropological museum. What drew Picasso to these artistic traditions was their use of an abstract or simplified representation of the human body rather than the naturalistic forms of the European Renaissance tradition. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The Breakthrough: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon These varying influences can be seen in Picasso's groundbreaking work of 1907, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, which is considered a work of proto or pre-Cubism. In its radical distortion of figures, its rendering of volumes


During which conflict was the battle of Creçy fought?

The Hundred Years' War Battle of Crecy 20,000-80,000 men Battle of Crécy Overview: Seeking to invade France in 1346, King Edward III landed in Normandy that July. Quickly capturing Caen on July 26, Edward moved east towards the Seine. Alerted that King Philip VI was assembling a large army in Paris, Edward turned north and began moving along the coast. Pressing on, he crossed the Somme after winning the Battle of Blanchetaque on August 24. Tired from their endeavors, the English army encamped near the Forest of Crécy. Eager to defeat the English and angry that he had failed to trap them between the Seine and Somme, Philip raced towards Crécy with his men. Alerted to the approach of the French army, Edward deployed his men along a ridge between the villages of Crécy and Wadicourt. Dividing his army, Edward assigned command of the right division to his sixteen-year old son Edward, the Black Prince with assistance from the Earls of Oxford and Warwick, as well as Sir John Chandos. The left division was led by the Earl of Northampton, while Edward, commanding from a vantage point in a windmill, retained leadership of the reserve. These divisions were supported by large numbers of archers equipped with the English longbow . While waiting for the French to arrive, the English busied themselves by digging ditches and laying out caltrops in front of their position. Advancing north from Abbeyville, the lead elements of Philip's army arrived near the English lines around mid-day on August 26. Scouting the enemy position, they recommended to Philip that they encamp, rest, and wait for the entire army to arrive. While Philip agreed with this approach, he was overruled by his nobles who wished to attack the English without delay. Quickly forming for battle, the French did not wait for the bulk of their infantry or supply train to arrive. Advancing with Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldi's Genoese crossbowmen in the lead, the French knights followed with lines led by the Duke D’Alencon, Duke of Lorraine, and Count of Blois, while Philip commanded the rearguard. Moving to the attack, the crossbowmen fired a series of volleys at the English. These proved ineffective as a brief thunderstorm before the battle had wet and slackened the crossbowstrings. The English archers on the other hand had simply untied their bowstrings during the storm. This coupled with the longbow's ability to fire every five seconds gave the English archers a dramatic advantage over the crossbowmen who could only get off one to two shots per minute. The Genoese position was worsened by the fact that in the rush to battle their pervises (shields to hide behind while reloading) had not been brought forward. Coming under devastating fire from Edward's archers, the Genoese began withdrawing. Angered by the crossbowmen's retreat, the French knights fired insults at them and even cut several down. Charging forward, the French front lines fell into confusion as they collided with the retreating Genoese. As the two bodies of men tried to move past each other they came under fire from the English archers and five early cannon (some sources debate their presence). Continuing the attack, the French knights were forced to negotiate the slope of the ridge and the man-made obstacles. Cut down in large numbers by the archers, the felled knights and their horses blocked the advance of those to the rear. During this time, Edward received a message from his son requesting aid. Upon learning that the younger Edward was healthy, the king refused stating "“I am confident he will repel the enemy without my help," and "Let the boy win his spurs." As evening approached the English line held, repelling sixteen French charges. Each time, the English archers brought down the attacking knights. With darkness falling, a wounded Philip, recognizing he had been defeated, ordered a retreat and fell back to the castle at La Boyes. Aftermath: The Battle of Crécy was one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War and established the superiority of the longbow against mounted knights. I


"Which metallic element, number 77 in the periodic table, takes its name from the Latin for ""rainbow""?"

What is Iridium? (with pictures) What is Iridium? Images By: Swapan,                n/a,                Jelena Zaric,                Helen Hotson,                Nito,                Dmitry Pichugin Last Modified Date: 20 December 2016 Copyright Protected: These 10 animal facts will amaze you Iridium is a metallic element with the atomic number 77 and the symbol Ir. On the periodic table of elements, it is found in Group 9, between platinum and osmium . It is referred to as a “transition metal” and also as a “platinum metal,” along with ruthenium , rhodium, palladium, osmium, and platinum itself. Iridium is a metallic element that is both hard and brittle. Described as whitish-yellow or silvery in color, it just a little less dense than osmium, which is the densest element—22.560 gm/cm3 compared to 22.6 gm/cm3 . Iridium was discovered by Smithson Tennant, an English chemist, in London , England in 1803, and it’s name comes from the Latin for iris, the goddess of the rainbow on account of its colored salts. Tennant also discovered osmium. It is found in gravel deposits, and believed to occur only in alloys with other noble metals, i.e., not in an uncombined state. Often it is found alloyed with osmium in compounds called osmiridium and iridiosmium, the origin of the names being obvious. It is, however, extremely scarce, occurring in only .001 ppm in the Earth’s crust. Iridium has a number of uses. It is used to harden platinum, combined with osmium in creating gold-tip pens, and to make highly specialized crucibles. It iridium can be involved in cancer irradiation , as well as the making of hypodermic syringes and surgical pins. Other uses include spark plugs for helicopters, pivot bearings, and extrusion dies. One very special use of iridium is its role in the weights and measures standard for the kilogram, which is made of an alloy of iridium (10%) and platinum (90%). On account of exceptionally high amounts of iridium in rocks dating to between the Cretaceous period and the Tertiary period, t is speculated by some that iridium was a component of an asteroid that struck the Earth and led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. Ad


In Greek myth, who was the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who killed his mother to avenge his father's death?

Orestês - definition of Orestês by The Free Dictionary Orestês - definition of Orestês by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Orest%c3%aas Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . O·res·tes  (ô-rĕs′tēz) n. Greek Mythology The son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who with his sister Electra avenged the murder of his father by murdering his mother and her lover Aegisthus. Orestes (ɒˈrɛstiːz) n (Classical Myth & Legend) Greek myth the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who killed his mother and her lover Aegisthus in revenge for their murder of his father O•res•tes (ɔˈrɛs tiz, oʊˈrɛs-) n. the legendary son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who, together with his sister Electra, avenged the murder of his father by killing his mother and her lover, Aegisthus. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Orestes - (Greek mythology) the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; his sister Electra persuaded him to avenge Agamemnon's death by killing Clytemnestra and Aegisthus Greek mythology - the mythology of the ancient Greeks Translations


BBC appoints Telegraph's Kamal Ahmed as business editor - BBC News BBC News BBC appoints Telegraph's Kamal Ahmed as business editor 20 December 2013 Close share panel Image caption Kamal Ahmed will take up his role in March The BBC has appointed the Sunday Telegraph's Kamal Ahmed as its new business editor, replacing Robert Peston, who is taking over as the BBC's economics editor. Mr Ahmed has been business editor of the Sunday Telegraph for four years. This year he became executive business editor, with a role across the Sunday and daily print editions. The BBC also appointed Carrie Gracie as its first China editor, after six years as a BBC News channel co-presenter. Ms Gracie, who has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Chinese and speaks fluent Mandarin, will be based in Beijing. 'Formidable' Before joining the Telegraph, Mr Ahmed was group director of communications at the Equality and Human Rights Commission. Previous roles also include executive news editor and political editor at the Observer newspaper. "I am absolutely delighted to be joining the BBC," said Mr Ahmed. "It is a great privilege to follow in Robert's footsteps and build on the great work the BBC does covering the business world." James Harding, director of BBC News and Current Affairs, said: "Kamal Ahmed is one of the most formidable journalists working in Britain today. "He will bring intelligence, flair and incisive judgement to the BBC's coverage of business." Mr Ahmed is due to take up his post in March 2014. 'Sweeping changes' Commenting on Ms Gracie's appointment, Mr Harding said: "The appointment of the BBC's first China editor signals our determination to bring home to people the sweeping changes in the world's most populous nation, as well as the transformative impact that China is having upon the world and all of our lives." Ms Gracie had "profound knowledge of China, insightful judgement as a journalist and exceptional talent as a broadcaster," he said. She will take up her post in the spring.


Give a year in the life of British astronomer Sir William Herschel.

Sir William Herschel Facts LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST Sir William Herschel Facts The German-born English astronomer Sir William Herschel (1738-1822) discovered the planet Uranus, the intrinsic motion of the sun in space, and the form of the Milky Way. William (originally Friedrich Wilhelm) Herschel was born in Hanover on Nov. 15, 1738. His father was a musician in the Hanoverian guard, which William joined at the age of 14. In 1757 Herschel went to England. In Yorkshire he conducted a small military band, and from 1762 to 1766 he was a concert manager in Leeds. His notebook of 1766 has these laconic entries: "Feb. 19. Wheatly. Observation of Venus" and "Feb. 24. Eclipse of the moon at 7 o'clock A.M. Kirby." These are the first signs of Herschel's future interests. By the end of the year he became organist at the fashionable spa town of Bath. In 1772 his sister, Caroline Lucretia Herschel, came to live with him at Bath. She collaborated with her brother on astronomical researches. Not until 1773 is there another scientific entry in Herschel's notebooks: "April 19. Bought a quadrant and Emerson's Trigonometry." That this entry heralded a new phase in his life is shown by the fact that it is followed by others of a similar nature: "Bought a book of astronomy … bought an object glass … bought many eye glasses … hire of a 2 feet reflecting telescope." These entries show that he was proposing to make his first (metal) telescope mirror. Herschel's First Telescope Obsessed with astronomy, Herschel progressed through pasteboard and tin-tubed telescopes to a hired Gregorian reflector. When he tried to buy a much larger reflecting telescope in London, he could find nothing suitable which he could afford. For this reason he began to build his own. By September 1774 he was observing the heavens with a (Newtonian) reflecting telescope of 6-foot focal length of his own construction. Herschel now entered into a long and tedious period of his life, when he and his brother and sister worked away at grinding and polishing telescope mirrors. He had to keep the mirror moving unceasingly on the grinding tool for long periods of time. His sister fed him as he worked. Some idea of his astonishing industry may be had from his statement, made in 1795, that he had made "not less than 200 7 feet, 150 10 feet and about 80 20 feet mirrors." Of the various mountings he devised for these, he was very pleased with a 7-foot Newtonian telescope stand, completed in 1778. Early Observations Herschel began to keep a record of what he saw in the heavens from March 1, 1774. He observed the rings of Saturn, the moons of Jupiter, and the markings of the moon. It is interesting to see how in his eagerness to make novel discoveries he was deluded into thinking that he had found signs of a forest on the moon, even supposing that he could make out the shadows cast by the trees at the edge of the wood. His next lunar observations were 3 years later, when he began to calculate the height of the lunar mountains. This self-taught astronomer of Bath was by his own efforts soon to be transmuted into the world's leading observational astronomer. He possessed instruments as powerful as any to be found and all the perseverance needed to use them effectively. In 1777 he began observations of a well-known but neglected star, Mira Ceti, which varies in brightness periodically. Soon he had the idea of determining the annual parallax of stars (the shift in the apparent relative positions of the stars as the earth goes around the sun). Whether the stars were so far away as to make this apparent movement unobservable was not then known. In fact, no annual parallax was measured until 1838, when Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel measured that of star 61 Cygni. Herschel, nevertheless, observed the relative positions of pairs of stars close together (called double stars). He measured hundreds of double stars, but in March 1778 he recorded his disappointment at finding "the stars in the tail of Ursa Major just as I saw them three months ago, at least not visibly different." Discovery of Uranu


What is the SI unit of electric current?

Current definitions of the SI units  Unit of mass  kilogram   The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the    international prototype of the kilogram.  Unit of time  The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between    the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133    atom.  Unit of electric current   ampere The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two    straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible    circular cross-section, and placed 1 meter apart in vacuum, would    produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newton


In 2008, which actor starred as King Lear in one of the highlights of Liverpool's Capital of Culture year?

Liverpool's year of culture: Ashkenazy, Rattle, and the WAGs | The Independent Liverpool's year of culture: Ashkenazy, Rattle, and the WAGs Tuesday 7 November 2006 00:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online The question of whether Liverpool's Capital of Culture year in 2008 should be high brow or populist has been a source of intense argument in the city since it beat Newcastle to the title three years ago. Organisers revealed last night that they will attempt to make it both, unveiling a programme of events for the year that could pitch Wayne Rooney's girlfriend Coleen McLoughlin alongside new commissions from the composer Michael Nyman and the artists Richard Wilson and Ben Johnson. There will also be several international art exhibitions and performances by the pianist Vladimir Ashkenazy and the conductor Sir Simon Rattle. The Liverpool schedule, unveiled to the World Trade Market in London, did not include a commission from one of the city's living legends - the musician Sir Paul McCartney or the playwrights Willy Russell or Alan Bleasdale. But 2008 will provide a better home at last for the city's collection of work by the American artist J J Audubon, some of which will be accommodated in a new Liverpool University gallery. Liverpool's preparations were in disarray four months ago when the city parted company with the artistic director Robyn Archer, whose tastes many considered too esoteric. But the city seems determined not to dumb down for its culture year. By mid 2007, Wilson will have reshaped a building scheduled for demolition into a project entitled Turning the Place Over. Wilson's appearance will coincide with the Turner Prize at Liverpool's Tate gallery in October. In its determination to avoid a standing start, the city has also attracted BBC3 in Christmas 2007 to stage a Nativity version of this year's Manchester Passion, in which the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ are re-enacted in a procession through the streets. Organisers have also persuaded Liverpool-born Sir Simon to return to the city of his birth to perform with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. Meanwhile, the actor Pete Postlethwaite, who was born in Warrington, Cheshire, is likely to star in a production of King Lear at the Everyman theatre and the poet Roger McGough joins the authors Doris Lessing and Philip Pullman at a literary festival. But a determination in some quarters to prevent the event from becoming a shrine to all things Scouse is reflected in one of the artistic highlights - the UK's first comprehensive exhibition of work by the Austrian artist Gustav Klimt at Tate Liverpool. In conjunction, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra will perform a series of Vienna-themed concerts, and provide music for two Viennese balls at the city's newly restored St George's Hall. A new choral work by Sir John Taverner has also been commissioned as part of a City of Song programme which will run throughout the year. And then there is the popular culture, with football playing an appropriately central role. The People's Festival, in May 2008, is billed as a weekend celebration of football, fashion and music, featuring images of the greatest moments in European soccer, set to music written by Nyman. This will include a fashion show featuring footballers' wives and girlfriends, dressed by the Liverpool boutique, Cricket. The names of the WAGs have not yet been confirmed but Coleen McLoughlin is a long-standing patron. The city's pop music heritage will be celebrated in a riverside concert, where the acts will perform on a floating stage on the Mersey. Names of the acts are yet to be confirmed but many people believe the presence of Sir Paul McCartney to be a racing certainty.


In which English county is Beamish Museum?

Beamish - The Living Museum of the North - Museum in Beamish, Beamish - This is Durham The Living Museum of the North Beamish Beamish - The Living Museum of the North About Experience a real sense of your past at Beamish, and discover what life was like in North East England in the 1820s,1910s and 1940s . Beamish is a living, working museum, set in 300 acres of beautiful Durham countryside. Costumed folk bring to life the Town, Pit Village, Home Farm and Pockerley Old Hall. Experience firsthand how the Industrial Revolution transformed agricultural life in the region. The buildings you see at Beamish are not replicas, but have been brought, brick by brick, from around the region and rebuilt to give visitors a real sense of history. Throughout the year Beamish hosts an exciting programme of events, The Great North Festival of Transport, a Georgian Fair, The Great North Festival of Agriculture and much more besides, including a whole season of Christmas! Tickets to Beamish are valid for 12 months from the date of purchase for an unlimited number of daytime visits to the Museum. Visit our website for full details.   Adult All Year Unlimited Pass £18.50 per ticket type Child All Year Unlimited Pass £10.50 per ticket type Family (1+2) All Year Unlimited Pass / Day Ticket £34.50 per ticket type Family (2+2) All Year Unlimited Pass / Day Ticket £48.50 per ticket type Senior Citizens / Students all year Unlimited Pass / Day Ticket £13.50 per ticket type Our Beamish Unlimited Pass allows you to visit again and again after paying just once for the price of a regular ticket. If you are a UK taxpayer you can help to support Beamish, since we can claim Gift Aid on your admission, worth more than £4 extra on top of every adult ticket sold, at no additional cost to you. Please note: BEAMISH UNLIMITED PASSES ARE NOT VALID FOR EVENING EVENTS.** Gradings North East England Tourism Awards - Large Visitor Attraction of the Year Award – Gold 2016 Regional and Miscellaneous TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence 2016 Visit England Visit England Award for Excellence Bronze 2016 TripAdvisor A living museum Wednesday, 18th January 2017 This open air museum is a really great place to visit and with all of the staff wearing period costumes it let's you see what life was like in years gone by, there are several areas that feature... Read full review Bernadette A Transported Back! Tuesday, 17th January 2017 I first visited Beamish when you could just walk into the area ! I've watched it grow - brick by brick. Beamish have very cleverly created atmosphere that can transport you. Go and feel this for... Read full review Marjorie D Day visit Tuesday, 17th January 2017 Fantastic for all folks, old and young. Get a whole year visit for the price of 1day visit . Great for winter walks too . Read full review Access Statement - Please see below Parking & Transport On site parking - Free parking. Provider Facilities Dogs Accepted - Dogs are welcome at Beamish but must be kept on a lead at all times (not allowed into any of the buildings). Access Information 2016/17 Autumn Winter (31 Oct 2016 - 7 Apr 2017) Day 2017 High Season (8 Apr 2017 - 31 Oct 2017) Day  - 17:00 * Last admission 1500. * * Low Season (November through March): Daily, 1000-1600, last admission 3pm (closed Mondays and Fridays January to 17 February). See more at: http://www.beamish.org.uk/ Map Link Road Directions Nearest major road is A1(M). Signposted from the A1(M) jct 63. Travel along A693 for 4 miles towards Stanley picking up signs for Beamish Museum. Postcode for Sat Nav users is DH9 0RG. Public Transport Directions Nearest railway stations are Durham, Chester-le-Street and Newcastle. Waggonway service 28/28A offers regular buses from Newcastle City Centre, Gateshead, Birtley, Ouston and Chester-le-Street. Buses run every 30 minutes on Monday to Saturday daytimes and hourly in the evening and on Sundays. Connections with other bus, train or metro services can be made in Newcastle, Gateshead and Chester-le-Street. Service 128 provides a direct link with Durham City Centre. Buses run


How many triple word score squares are there on a traditional Scrabble board?

How to Make a DIY Scrabble Board How to Make a DIY Scrabble Board Make a DIY Scrabble board so that you can enjoy this fun word game with friends. Watch this About.com video to learn how to make a DIY Scrabble board. Show transcript Hide transcript Transcript: How to Make a DIY Scrabble Board Hi, I'm Jacob Taxis for About.com. In this video you will learn how to make your own Scrabble board. Supplies to Make a DIY Scrabble Board To begin, you'll need: Large sheet of cardboard or foamboard Long ruler Alphabet ink stamps or alphabet stickers Star sticker Thin cardboard or illustration board Notepad Make a Grid for a DIY Scrabble Board First, using the ruler and a permanent marker, draw a square grid on your piece of foamboard. The square grid should have 15 rows and 15 columns. Next, color in the squares that will indicate Triple Word Score, Double Word Score, Triple Letter Score, and Double Letter Score. You can use any colors to paint the squares; however, because you’ll have to write over them, try to avoid very dark colors. We’ll be using a variety of greens and blues. To make the process easier, at the top of the board, lightly letter the columns A-O. On the left side of the board, number the rows 1-15. Paint the DIY Scrabble Board With the craft paint, paint the following squares green: A-1, A-8, A-15, H-1, H-15, O-1, O-8, O-15. Paint the following squares teal: B-2, C-3, D-4, E-5, K-5, L-4, M-3, N-2, B-14, C-13, D-12, E-11, K-11, L-12, M-13, N-14, H-8. Paint the following squares blue: F-2, J-2, B-6, F-6, J-6, N-6, B-10, F-10, J-10, N-10, F-14, J-14. Finally, paint the following squares light blue: D-1, L-1, G-3, I-3, A-4, H-4, O-4, C-7, G-7, I-7, M-7, D-8, L-8, C-9, G-9, I-9, M-9, A-12, H-12, O-12, G-13, I-13, D-15, L-15. Mark the Tiles for a DIY Scrabble Board When the paint dries, draw a star or place a star sticker in the green square at H-8 and erase the letters and numbers. Next, using a fine tip marker, write "Triple Word Score" in the light green squares, "Double Word Score" in the remaining teal squares, "Triple Letter Score" in the blue squares, and "Double Letter Score" in the light blue squares. When the board is complete, draw a square grid on the thin cardboard you're using for the letter tiles. The grid should have 10 rows and 10 columns. Be sure to make each letter tile the same size as the squares on the playing board. Mark Points on a DIY Scrabble Board Next, stamp or stick the letters for the game on the tiles you've made. If you don’t have an ink stamper or any alphabet stickers, simply write the letters in the tiles with a marker. At the bottom right-hand corner of each tile, write the number of points awarded for that particular letter. Then cut the tiles out. The following is a list of the proper number of tiles for each letter in the game and the number of points awarded for each letter: A: 9 tiles, 1 point B: 2 tiles, 3 points C: 2 tiles, 3 points D: 4 tiles, 2 points E: 12 tiles, 1 point F: 2 tiles, 4 points G: 3 tiles, 2 points H: 2 tiles, 4 points I: 9 tiles, 1 point J: 1 tile, 8 points K: 1 tile, 5 points L: 4 tiles, 1 point M: 2 tiles, 3 points N: 6 tiles, 1 point O: 8 tiles, 1 point P: 2 tiles, 3 points Q: 1 tile, 10 points R: 6 tiles, 1 point S: 4 tiles, 1 point T: 6 tiles, 1 point U: 4 tiles, 1 point V: 2 tiles, 4 points W: 2 tiles, 4 points X: 1 tile, 8 points Y: 2 tiles, 4 points Z: 1 tile, 10 points Blank: 2 tiles, 0 points When complete, grab your notepad for scoring and you're ready to play! Thank you for watching. For more, visit About.com. About videos are made available on an "as is" basis, subject to the Terms of Use .


Which British Prime Minister was the last to have been born in the nineteenth century?

BBC - History -   British History in depth: Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline On This Day Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline Do you know which prime minister brought 'fallen women' to 10 Downing Street? Or which one fought a duel? Or who was known as 'the Goat'? Take a political journey through nearly 300 years of high ideals and low cunning, from Gordon Brown to the first man to hold prime ministerial powers, Robert Walpole. Margaret Thatcher Conservative, 1979 - 1990 Britain's first female prime minister came to power with the country descending into industrial and economic chaos. A relatively inexperienced politician, she nonetheless adopted a personal style of indomitable self-confidence and brooked no weakness in herself or her colleagues. Derisively dubbed the 'Iron Lady' by the Soviet press, she wore the moniker with pride. Her government's free-market policies included trade liberalisation, deregulation, sweeping privatisation, breaking the power of the unions, focus on the individual and the creation of an 'enterprise culture'. 'Thatcherism' has had a profound and lasting economic and social impact on Britain, and still sharply divides opinion to this day. The first PM to serve three consecutive terms (including two 'landslide' victories) she was eventually toppled by her own party following the disastrous imposition of a 'poll tax'. Nonetheless, she is generally considered to be one of the best peace time prime ministers of the 20th Century. James Callaghan Labour, 1976 - 1979 Callaghan inherited the office of prime minister following the surprise resignation of Harold Wilson. With only a tiny parliamentary majority to support him, he faced an increasingly one-sided confrontation with organised labour in the form of rampant strike action. Things came to a head in the so-called 'Winter of Discontent', a phrase from Shakespeare borrowed by Callaghan himself to describe the events leading up to February 1979. Britain was 'strikebound', with public servants staging mass walk outs, leaving food and fuel supplies undelivered, rubbish uncollected and - most notoriously - bodies unburied. Things became so bad in Hull it was dubbed 'the second Stalingrad'. The tabloid press has since been accused of overstating the severity of the situation (and wrongly quoting him as saying 'Crisis? What Crisis?') but it was enough at the time to sound the death knell for Callaghan's government later in the same year. Harold Wilson Labour, 1974 - 1976 In March 1974, Wilson became prime minister for the third time at the head of a minority government, following the first hung parliament (one where no party holds a majority) for 45 years. Often described as a wily fixer and negotiator, it took all of his skills to hold on to power in the face of economic and industrial turmoil. His party was also sharply divided, with many Labour members of parliament (MPs) bitter about Wilson's manoeuvring against his colleagues. He called another general election in October 1974, thereby ending the shortest parliament since 1681, and was returned to office with a majority of just three seats. He presided over a referendum on Britain's membership of the European Economic Community (EEC), and a collapse in the value of the pound which prompted a humiliating 'rescue operation' by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Exhausted, Wilson resigned saying 'politicians should not go on and on'. Edward Heath Conservative, 1970 - 1974 Heath succeeded in taking Britain into the European Economic Community (EEC), the precursor to the European Union, despite two previous failed attempts by Britain to gain entry, in 1961 and 1967. But his government was dogged by torrid industrial relations and recurrent economic crises. Things came to a head in January 1974, when industry was put on a 'three-day week' to conserve fuel. Fuel was in dangerously short supply following a combination of domestic industrial action (coal miners on 'work-to-rule') and a quadrupling of prices by Middle Eastern oil exporting nations in the wake of Israel's victory in the Yom Kipp


Who wrote the incidental music to Ibsen's Peer Gynt, first performed in 1876?

Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen, William and Charles Archer (Translators) on iBooks This book is available for download with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device, and with iTunes on your computer. Books can be read with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device. Description Peer Gynt is a play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It was written in 1867, and first performed in Christiania (now Oslo) on February 24, 1876, with incidental music by the composer Edvard Grieg. Ibsen wrote Peer Gynt while traveling to Rome, Ischia and Sorrento. It was first published on November 14, 1867, in Copenhagen. The first edition comprised 1,250 copies. It was followed by a re-print of 2,000 copies after 14 days. The large sales were mostly due to the success of Ibsen's previous play, Brand. Unlike Ibsen's other later plays, Peer Gynt is written in verse. This is because it was originally intended to be a written drama, not for stage performance. Difficulties due to rapid and frequent change of scene (including an entire act in pitch darkness) render the play troublesome to perform. It is also unlike Ibsen's later plays in that it is a fantasy rather than a realistic tragedy. Perhaps the most famous aspects of this play are the suites of Grieg's incidental music (Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, Op. 46, and Suite No 2., Op. 55), whose well-known movements include Morgenstemning (Morning Mood), Anitras Dans (Anitra's Dance), and I Dovregubbens Hall (In the Hall of the Mountain King) from the first suite, and Solveigs Sang (Solveig's Song) from the second. — Excerpted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Customers Also Bought Seller: MobileReference Language: English Requirements: To view this book, you must have an iOS device with iBooks 1.3.1 or later and iOS 4.3.3 or later, or a Mac with iBooks 1.0 or later and OS X 10.9 or later. Customer Ratings


Whose first solo UK number 1 single was I'm Still Waiting in August 1971?

Every UK Number One: “I’m Still Waiting” | Talk About Pop Music Talk About Pop Music Google, Apple, Spotify, YouTube – Everybody Talk About, Pop Music Main Menu · by Raewyn's Photos · in 1971 , Every UK Number One Song , Music . · What was the number one song in the UK on 21st August 1971? “I’m Still Waiting” by Diana Ross was Number One on 24th August 1971 and stayed there for four weeks. So it is another trip down memory lane. This is an unfamiliar song to me. Not sure why but sometimes I feel that being in New Zealand at this time meant being on another planet. This is very different to the last number by Mungo Jerry. More soul And definitely a more American sound. “I’m Still Waiting” is a popular song written and produced by Deke Richards and recorded by Diana Ross, which first appeared on her 1970 album Everything Is Everything. It reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart in August 1971. “I’m Still Waiting” continued the vein of sophisticated soul as heard on Ross’s breakthrough solo hit “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough.” However it was only a modest success in the US, reaching #63 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and #40 on the R&B chart. Although initially intended only as an album track, BBC Radio 1 disc jockey Tony Blackburn featured it heavily on his morning programme and persuaded EMI, who then issued all Tamla Motown material in the UK, to release it as a single. On the UK Singles Chart, it reached No. 1 for four weeks in August 1971,[1] prompting a retitling of the album Surrender in the UK to I’m Still Waiting. Thanks Wikipedia for that info. Down-under here in New Zealand we had a fight for number one between… and   Totally different to what was going on in the UK. So I did a bit of research and found that our state broadcasting corporation was dictating to the public which songs we should be listening to. The state obviously didn’t want to corrupt our impressionable minds. They refused to allow private radio licences which was not very democratic or fair of them. Here  you can find out a bit more about our history. So it is back to the future for me. Do you remember these songs? Let me know in the comments below or tweet me  @PopAndTalk Share this:


In which Paris square would you find an obelisk from the temple of Rameses II at Thebes?

Paris - Obelisk of the Concorde - The Green Guide Michelin Obelisk of the Concorde Obelisk of the Concorde Interesting The 33-century-old Obelisk has been standing in this spot at the very centre of Place de la Concorde, in the axis of the Champs-Élysées, since 25 October 1836. It was discovered in the Temple of Rameses II in Thebes (now Luxor) and given to France in 1831 by the viceroy of Egypt, Mehmet Ali. It is carved out of red granite, covered with hieroglyphs, has a tip made of lead and gold, stands 23m tall and weighs in at almost 220t! Useful information


"Which metallic element, number 56 in the periodic table, takes its name from the Greek for ""heavy""?"

Chemistry Chat - Focusing on the Elements - Elements in Pharmaceutical Drugs - Focusing on the Elements - Elements in Pharmaceutical Drugs Kentaro Sato If you were asked to list chemical elements in the order of abundance in human body, could you answer it right away? In terms of the number of atoms, the most physiologically abundant element is hydrogen, followed by oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Minerals like calcium and other minutely present elements such as iron and copper play essential roles, but they constitute only about 1 percent altogether. Clearly, the sextet of C, H, O, N, S, and P owns an important place in physiology. Most pharmaceutical drugs that we take are also made up of these six elements. Drug molecules enter human systems and produce medicinal effects, so it is natural that their compositions resemble to that of human body. However, there are always interesting exceptions in which you can find unusual elements. The previous article focused on anticancer drugs, so this time let us look at other drug types featuring metallic elements. Group I Elements A survey of drug compositions would find many examples containing sodium and potassium. However, most of these drugs are the salts of sodium or potassium, meaning that the metals are used as “counterions” to simply increase the solubility of the parent acidic drug. For example, a famous hyperlipidemia drug pravastatin is isolated as a lactone from its natural source, but is hydrolyzed into the sodium salt of carboxylic acid in order to increase the solubility. Pravastatin Sodium A well-known example in which an alkali metal itself has a medicinal property is lithium. Salts of lithium such as lithium carbonate play an essential role in the treatment of bipolar disorder, a mental illness that typically involves alternating states of mania and depression. The effect of lithium was discovered by sheer serendipity. Around the late 1940’s, an Australian psychiatrist John Cade decided to inject urea to lab animals based on his hypothesis that the dysfunction of the urea metabolism was causing bipolar disorder. Since free urea was poorly soluble in water, he used it in lithium salt form, which led to the observation of a dramatic therapeutic effect. Cade carefully investigated into the results, and concluded that it was not the urea but the lithium ion from the salt that was responsible. The effect of lithium was eventually proven in human clinical trials and lithium became an important medicine in psychiatric therapy. Despite the widespread use of lithium around the world since the discovery, its mechanism of action is still unknown. One theory suggests that lithium helps regulating the internal clock system, while another theory states that it affects the interneuron signal transmission process. The actual mechanism is probably a combination of multiple functions. Nevertheless, this kind of drug is perhaps most unlikely to come out from today’s systematic drug discovery approach. Page Top Group II Elements Beryllium, the lightest element among the Group II elements, has no medicinal application because of its low natural abundance and high toxicity. In contrast, magnesium (a row below beryllium in the periodic table) is known to be less toxic. Magnesium oxide is an ingredient of stomach medicines as acid neutralizer and also used as a safe laxative. In addition, the deficiency of magnesium has been reported to be linked with the risks of diabetes and depression. Though not always recognized, magnesium is surely an important element for our body. Calcium is not only an important constituent of bones, but also an essential player in intercellular signal transduction. Calcium deficiency causes a serious medical condition known as hypocalcemia and there are many supplementary medications for it. In other applications, calcium can be found as the counterion of a number of drugs including the biggest blockbuster of all time, Lipitor, which is technically called the calcium salt of atorvastatin. Atorvastatin Calcium Strontium (atomic number 38) sho


Which British city has cathedrals dedicated to St Philip and St Chad?

Cathedrals in the UK | Interactive Map Photo Gallery Cathedrals in Britain From the world-famous St Paul's in London to the charming 12th century St David's Cathedral in Wales, simply scroll down to see our interactive map of the Christian cathedrals in Britain. Although we have attempted to be as thorough as possible, please do not hesitate to contact us if you have a cathedral that we have not included on the map. What is a Cathedral? A cathedral is not just a large church. The word 'cathedral' comes from the Latin word cathedra meaning 'seat' or 'chair', and refers to the presence of the bishop's or archbishop's chair or throne. It is the most important church in the diocese. What is a Minster - is it the same as a Cathedral? Sometimes but not always. Minsters were established during Anglo-Saxon times and were the churches attached to a monastery or monasterium. Nowadays the term 'minster' has come to refer more generally to any large or important, often parish, church. Famous minsters include York Minster, Southwell Minster and Westminster in London. Cathedrals in England Aldershot Cathedral Roman Catholic Church The Cathedral Church of St Michael and St George serves as the Roman Catholic cathedral for the Bishopric of the Forces, which provides chaplains to the British Armed Forces. The church was designed in 1892 by two military engineers, originally intended as the principal church for the Anglican chaplaincies of the British Army, it eventually became the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of the Forces instead. Arundel Cathedral Roman Catholic Church The Cathedral Church of Our Lady and St Philip Howard, was dedicated in 1873 as the Catholic parish church of Arundel, and designated a cathedral in 1965. The cathedral's location, construction, and design owe much to the Howard family, who, as Dukes of Norfolk and Earls of Arundel, are the most prominent Catholic family in England. The architectural style of the cathedral is French Gothic, a suitable counterpart to their nearby home …Arundel Castle. Birmingham Cathedral Church of England Designed by the English Baroque architect, Thomas Archer, St Philip's was originally built as a parish church in 1715. It became the cathedral of the newly formed Diocese of Birmingham in 1905. Birmingham Cathedral Roman Catholic Church The Metropolitan Cathedral Church and Basilica of Saint Chad was the first Catholic cathedral to be built in England after the English Reformation initiated in 1534 by King Henry VIII. Designed by Augustus Pugin, it was completed in 1841 and raised to cathedral status in 1852. Blackburn Cathedral Church of England One of England's newest cathedrals, with the creation of the Diocese of Blackburn in 1926, the parish church of St Mary the Virgin was elevated to cathedral status. The church, which was built in 1826, now forms the cathedral's nave. Bradford Cathedral Church of England A site of Christian worship since Anglo-Saxon times, a later Norman church stood for 300 years before being destroyed by raiding Scots. During the fourteenth century the church was rebuilt, the oldest parts of the present building were completed in 1458. Brentwood Cathedral Roman Catholic Church The Roman Catholic Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Helen dates from 1861. Originally a parish church built in a gothic style, this relatively small building was elevated to Cathedral status in 1917. Enlarged between 1989-1991, the new cathedral was dedicated on 31 May 1991. Bristol Cathedral Church of England Founded as St Augustine's Abbey in 1140, the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity became the seat of the bishop and cathedral of the new Diocese of Bristol in 1542. St Edmundsbury Cathedral Church of England A church has stood on the site of the current cathedral for over a 1,000 years. Largely rebuilt in the 16th century St James Church became St Edmundsbury Cathedral in 1914. Canterbury Cathedral Church of England One of the oldest and most famous Christian buidlings in England, the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury, is the seat of t


What is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature?

Base unit definitions: Kelvin Unit of thermodynamic temperature (kelvin) Abbreviations : CGPM, CIPM, BIPM        The definition of the unit of thermodynamic temperature   was given in substance by the 10th CGPM (1954) which selected   the triple point of water as the fundamental fixed point and assigned   to it the temperature 273.16 K, so defining the unit. The 13th   CGPM (1967) adopted the name kelvin (symbol K) instead of "degree Kelvin" (symbol °K) and defined   the unit of thermodynamic temperature as follows: The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction   1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point   of water.        Because of the way temperature scales used to be defined,   it remains common practice to express thermodynamic temperature,   symbol T, in terms of its difference from the reference temperature T0 = 273.15 K, the ice point. This temperature difference is called   a Celsius temperature, symbol t, and is defined by the quantity equation t= T- T0.        The unit of Celsius temperature is the degree Celsius,   symbol °C, which is by definition equal in magnitude to the kelvin.   A difference or interval of temperature may be expressed in kelvins   or in degrees Celsius (13th CGPM, 1967). The numerical value of   a Celsius temperature t expressed in degrees Celsius is given by t/°C = T/K - 273.15.        The kelvin and the degree Celsius are also the units of   the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) adopted by   the CIPM in 1989.


In 2008, which famous actor wowed critics in Stratford with his Hamlet, but had to pull out of the London production?

What to say about … Hamlet with Michael Sheen https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/nov/10/hamlet-michael-sheen-reviews Freudian, modish or just a bit bonkers? A new journey into the mind of the Great Dane – as well as into the Young Vic theatre – gets mixed diagnoses from the critics
TV producers! I have a new format for you: Celebrity Hamlet. It involves getting a series of famous actors to memorise and perform Shakespeare's longest and most famous play in front of an invited A-list audience. Each week the person whose show is easiest to get tickets for is booted out. The idea is already being tried in the West End and at the National, where Jude Law, David Tennant and Rory Kinnear have all been recent contestants. And now it is the turn of actor-impersonator Michael Sheen, the Mike Yarwood of the multiplex, widely admired for his portrayals of Brian Clough, Kenneth Williams, David Frost and Tony Blair.

Yet, so daring is this new interpretation of the play that, for once, Sheen is in danger of being upstaged by his own director. "We enter the Young Vic through the back door and are led through a maze of grey corridors," Michael Billington explains. "We are clearly in a psychiatric institution complete with treatment rooms, library and glass-walled admin office … Ian Rickson, making his debut as a Shakespeare director, has come armed with a strong concept: this is Hamlet played as the Freudian dream of a disturbed in-patient."
 Continue reading... Michael Sheen What to say about … Ralph Fiennes in The Tempest https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/sep/08/ralph-fiennes-tempest Trevor Nunn's latest Shakespeare doesn't impress the critics much – even with a movie star at the helm (although they do at least like Ralph Fiennes's Prospero)
This again: Shakespeare made marketable with the presence of a movie star. On the specials board today – Ralph Fiennes as Prospero in a Trevor Nunn Tempest. But wait! Here's a turn-up. Fiennes is actually the best thing about this production, in the view of half the critics. The other half – actually more like three quarters – would say he is the only good thing it has.

"Oh, that this Tempest were a monologue!" Karen Fricker declaims to the groundlings at Variety. "While Fiennes is a major artist in full command of his powers, once-great helmer Nunn is currently sucking fumes." I'll leave you to speculate on what that last bit actually means.
 Continue reading... Theatre What to say about ... Kevin Spacey in Richard III https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/jun/30/kevin-spacey-richard-iii Spacey commands the stage – and a big screen – in Sam Mendes's Richard III. But it's all too much for some critics
With his talent for camp villainy, Kevin Spacey really couldn't find a role in Shakespeare better suited to him than Richard III. Or that, anyway, seems to be the consensus. "I'd always felt," Sam Mendes said recently "that he was born to play this part." And now, in this production which concludes the current cycle of the Bridge Project, Mendes has given Spacey the chance to prove it. With one exception, which we'll come to, the critics like what they see.

According to the Telegraph's Charles Spencer, Spacey turns in "an often electrifying performance which brilliantly identifies the two forces that drive the 'poisonous, bunch-backed toad' – heartless ambition and a profound


Who was the Premier League's top goal scorer for three consecutive seasons between 1994 and 1997?

The Top 20 All-Time English Premier League Goal Scorers | Bleacher Report The Top 20 All-Time English Premier League Goal Scorers Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Chris Cole/Getty Images 24 Comments The Premier League era in English football has been filled with action and excitement.  Many of the world's greatest players have graced the league and played for some of world football's most storied clubs. Here we look at the Top 20 Goal Scorers of the English Premier League (EPL) era; this list goes beyond simply who scored the most goals, that list can be found below and makes for interesting reading.  How many people knew James Beattie scored more Premier League goals than Dennis Bergkamp? http://www.premierleague.com/page/Statistics (search 'All Seasons') This list takes into account goals total, goals per game average, Golden Boot wins and a certain level of opinion. There is no skill more match changing in football than putting the ball in the back of the net, and these guys did it best. EPL Clubs:  West Ham United, Chelsea EPL Goals:  131 Golden Boot Wins:  None   A product of the famed West Ham United youth academy, Lampard has established himself as Chelsea vice-captain and the best goal scorer from central midfield in Premier League history. As well as producing consistently good work in the engine room for Chelsea, Lampard times his forward runs to perfection and has amassed 131 Premier League goals, all while playing midfield. Lampard is particularly dangerous from long range, and has a number of free kicks and strikes from outside the penalty area in his career total. Lampard's goals have been a driving force in the three Premier League titles Chelsea have won since 2004.  Lampard was also awarded the Premier League 'Player of the Decade,' an award based on official stats. EPL Clubs:  Ipswich Town, Charlton Athletic, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Aston Villa EPL Goals:  82 Golden Boot Wins:  None   Bent burst onto the Premier League scene with Ipswich Town, scoring his first EPL goal against Middlesbrough in 2002.  Bent had a successful Ipswich career before sealing a 2.5 million-pound move to Charlton Athletic.  Bent was a storming success at Charlton, and his 18 goals in the 2005-2006 season made him the highest scoring Englishman in the EPL.  Bent enjoyed a successful partnership with his namesake Marcus Bent, and helped the Addicks achieve seven consecutive seasons of Premier League football before their eventual relegation in 2007. Bent went on to Tottenham, where he had less success before reviving his career with an excellent spell of goal scoring under Steve Bruce at Sunderland.  Bent netted a career-best 24 goals in 2009-2010 for the Black Cats, but handed in a transfer request last week despite a successful spell at the club. Bent is set to make his Villa debut this weekend, and will be hoping to fire the Villains clear of the relegation fight. Bent has excellent pace, makes a living on the shoulder of the last defender and is a constant threat to be released on the through ball. He is a nightmare for EPL defenders and will likely be higher up lists like this by the time his career ends. Critics of Bent claim he has in fact scored only 81 legitimate EPL goals, and the strike in the video should have been credited to 'A Balloon.' EPL Clubs:  Coventry City, Leeds United, Tottenham Hotspur (twice), Liverpool EPL Goals:  121 Golden Boot Wins:  None   Irish speed merchant Robbie Keane has made many stops in his career both inside and outside the EPL.  It seems that he has earned a soft spot in the hearts of fans of every club he played for. The honest work rate and lethal finishing ability of Keane is something that excites fans, and he has rarely failed to deliver when it comes to scoring goals. Keane rose to prominence as a youngster at Wolverhampton Wanderers before earning a move to then-Premier League club Coventry City.  Keane played well for Coventry and his success earned him a move abroad to Inter Milan. Keane came back to the EPL with a very successful Leeds United team before m


In Greek myth, who was the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta who was entombed alive by her uncle for trying to bury her brother Polyneices after the civil war in Thebes?

House of Thebes       House of Thebes Cadmus   When Zeus abducted his daughter Europa , Agenor (Ἀγηνωρ) send his sons to find her, with the order not to come back, until Europa was returned to him (see Minoan Crete , for her myth). Agenor's favourite child was Europa. Agenor was quite besotted over his daughter, ready to banish his sons if it meant bringing his daughter back to him. His wife, Telephassa (Τηλέφασσα or Argiope), was so angry at the order from her husband, that she accompanied her sons during their search of her daughter. Phoenix (Φοινιξ) did not go very far from home. The land Phoenix settled in was named after him: Phoenicia. CilixΚίλιξ) settled in the land that became Cilicia, while Thasus stayed on the island that was named after him. PhineusΦινεύς migrated to Thrace. Cadmus had also stayed in Thrace, until his mother died. Only Cadmus (Κάδμος) continued his search for his sister. Cadmus and his followers went on to Delphi, to seek help from the oracle in finding his sister. The Pythia (Πυθία, high priestess of Delphi) told him to instead seek a new home. He was told by the oracle to find a heifer and follow it until the cow lay down. He spotted a cow and followed it all way to southern Boeotia, where it lay down. There, Cadmus decided to build a city that he named after himself, Cadmeia. Cadmus killed a dragon that guarded the spring of Dirce, which was sacred to the war god Ares . The goddess Athena told him to sow the dragon teeth into the earth. Armed men sprang out of the earth, and fought one another until only five of them survived. These five men - Echion (Ἐχίων), Chthonius (Χθονίος), Hyperenor, Pelorus and Udaeüs or Udaeus - became known as Sparti (Σπαρτοί – "Sown-Men"). The Sparti were Cadmus most important allies. For killing the dragon, Cadmus was punished, where he has to serve Ares for 8 years. After his time, the gods honoured Cadmus by arranging and attending his wedding with Harmonia (Ἁρμονία), daughter of Ares and Aphrodite. They received many gifts from the gods. Among the wedding presents given to the couple was necklace that was cursed. The necklace of Harmonia brought disaster to owners in later generations. (See Seven Against Thebes ). Cadmus ruled Thebes for many decades. Harmonia bore him Agave (Ἀγαυή), Autonoë (Autonoe), Ino (Ἰνώ), Semele (Σεμέλη), and one son, Polydorus (Πολύδωρος). Unfortunately most of their children and grandchildren were met with tragic ends. Diodorus Siculus, a Greek Sicilian historian of the 1st century BC, had credited Cadmus of bringing the Phoenician alphabets with him from Phoenicia to Greece. The Phoenician alphabets was adapted and transformed by the Greeks; but Diodorus' claim is unsubstantiated fabrication. See the Wrath of Heaven , for a more detailed account of the the confrontation of Pentheus and Dionysus . Apollodorus say that Cadmus and Harmonia left Thebes to their children or grandchildren, and went to Illyria, and helped the Encheleans against the Illyrians in a war. Cadmus was made king of the Illyrians, and they had another son named Illyrius. At the end of their lives, their bodies were transformed into snakes, but Zeus sent their souls to the Elysian Fields. According to Ovid, it was the fate of Ino and her son that made Cadmus leaves his kingdom with his wife (see Athamas , in the Aeolids). Cadmus and Harmonia were upset over the tragedy of their children and grandchildren. They went into self-exile to Illyria, and in their old age, they were transformed into snakes.   Amphion & Zethus   Polydorus (Πολύδωρος) was king of Thebes and the only son of Cadmus . Polydorus married Nycteïs (Nycteis), who bore him a son, Labdacus (Λάβδακος). His reign was brief. Labdacus was only a child when he became king, so Nycteus (Νυκεύς), son of the Sparti Chthonius and the king's grandfather, ruled Thebes as his regent. Nycteus, however, discovered that his other daughter Antiope (Ἀντιόπη) was seduced and impregnated by Zeus. Zeus had come to Antiope in the guise of a satyr. Antiope ran off to Sicyon, and married the Sicyonian king, Epopeus (Ἐπωπεύς)


BBC names Laura Kuenssberg as political editor - BBC News BBC News BBC names Laura Kuenssberg as political editor 22 July 2015 Read more about sharing. Close share panel Laura Kuenssberg is the BBC's new political editor, taking over the role Nick Robinson held for a decade. The 38-year-old journalist became well-known during the 2010 election as the BBC's chief political correspondent. She then had a spell at ITV before returning to the BBC in 2014 on the Newsnight team. Nick Robinson will join BBC Radio Four's Today programme in the autumn. He has taken time off recently to have chemotherapy to treat lung cancer. Kuenssberg said: "I'm completely delighted and I recognise the responsibility on my shoulders. "It's an honour for me to follow Nick Robinson who has been such an outstanding political editor." Previous BBC political editors David Holmes 1975 - 1980 Peter Hardiman Scott 1970 - 1975 BBC director-general Tony Hall said: "Laura's an exceptional journalist - I saw that for myself in our studio on election night. "Her knowledge of Westminster politics is second to none, but she also has a real flair for asking the questions the audience want answering." BBC director of news James Harding said there was no role quite like political editor at the BBC. "It is one of the toughest and most influential jobs in journalism. I am delighted Laura will be our next voice from Westminster." BBC's next 'voice from Westminster' Kuenssberg was born in Italy, spent her childhood in Glasgow and gained a first class honours degree from Edinburgh University in modern history. She joined the BBC in 2000 as a trainee journalist in Newcastle and became a political correspondent in 2003, working on the Daily Politics and the Today programme, Breakfast and the News at Ten. In 2009, she was appointed the BBC's chief political correspondent, but moved to ITV News two years later to be business editor. She returned to the BBC last year in the role of Newsnight presenter. She has lived and worked in France and in the US, covering two White House presidential races.


What is the capital of the Canadian province of Manitoba?

Winnipeg, the Capital of Manitoba, Canada Updated: 10/29/2014 About the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg is the capital city of the province of Manitoba , Canada. Located at the geographical centre of Canada, Winnipeg is a transportation centre, with extensive rail and air links, as well as the head offices of several major Canadian trucking firms. Winnipeg has a diverse economy and is also a multicultural city where more than 100 languages are spoken. While Winnipeg is an eminently affordable city, it is host to world-class ballet, theatre, visual arts, music and festivals. Location of Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg is located at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, near the centre of North America. 464.08 sq km (179.18 square miles) (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Population 663,617 (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Date Winnipeg Became the Capital of Manitoba 1870 Date Winnipeg Incorporated as a City 1873. Reincorporated in 1972. Government of the City of Winnipeg A Winnipeg general municipal election is held every four years on the fourth Wednesday in October. This includes elections for the Mayor and city councillors, as well as elections for school trustees. Date of the last Winnipeg municipal election: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 Date of the next Winnipeg municipal election: Wednesday, October 24, 2018 Winnipeg's city council is made up of 16 elected representatives: one mayor and 15 city councillors.


Who set Cardinal Newman's poem The Dream of Gerontius to music in his 1900 oratorio?

Cardinal Newman and "The Dream of Gerontius" [ Victorian Web Home —> Authors —> Religion —> John Henry Newman —> Works ] ewman is missing from Caroline Spurgeon's book, Mysticism in English Literature. From the literary point of view he certainly qualifies: he was a novelist, poet, autobiographer, essayist, philosopher, and writer of sermons. Perhaps he was easy to overlook because nowhere (as far as I know) does he call himself a mystic, though clearly he was, and if that seems to be reading between the lines, at least the lines are pretty widely spaced. He said of himself when he was a child: "I thought life might be a dream or I an angel, and all this world a deception." At fifteen he became an evangelical , certain of salvation. This didn't make him careless of God, he tells us in his Apologia pro Vita Sua — just isolated from the world and doubtful of its reality. Two things only were "absolute and luminously self-evident, myself and my Creator."  When he was eighteen he wrote: "Bells are pealing. It leads the mind to a longing after something  . . . dear to us and well known to us, very soothing." Later, as an ordained Anglican , he preached: "What we see is but the outward shell of an eternal kingdom." The visible world is the veil of the invisible. It "conceals and yet suggests" things beyond itself which have neither shape nor are made of matter. In any religion, he thought, there'll always be the esoteric and the exoteric. And he was definitely on the side of the numinous. Yet his mental make up was unusual, too; he was both a mystic and a thinker, an intellectual. While geology, the Higher Criticism , Colenso , and Darwinism devastated his fellow Victorians, he took it in his stride — it matched his own thinking; change was good, and even religions have to evolve. For that reason he thought Bible religion was not enough. "We have tried the book and it disappoints because it is used for a purpose for which it was not given." But he also foresaw that Darwinism would eclipse and destroy religion in England. What could he offer a Godless future? Not soft-boiled mysticism but, in the Grammar of Assent, hard-headed reasons for belief (not proofs; that he knew was impossible). In The Idea of a University he argued for the integration of the spiritual and the intellectual. That integration, I suggest, can be read in The Dream of Gerontius, a narrative poem written in 1865 about the progress of a soul from death to salvation. It opens with a priest and Assistants imploring mercy, growing more and more frenzied until, abruptly, there is a sudden break into peacefulness. There follows what I think is a description of Newman's own mystic experiences. I went to sleep; and now I am refresh'd, A strange refreshment: for I feel in me An inexpressive lightness, and a sense Of freedom, as I were at length myself, And ne'er had been before. How still it is! I hear no more the busy beat of time, No, nor my fluttering breath, nor struggling pulse; Nor does one moment differ from the next. At first Gerontius thinks he's still in his body though he can't move, not even an eyelid, and is blind — yet he can hear and feel; he hears singing and feels himself lifted. It's his Angel-guardian who has steered him through life Gerontius is now simply called Soul, no longer a man, nor old. Can he ask questions? Yes, the Angel tells him, nothing you can wish for now is wrong; whatever you do is right. When we die, Gerontius/Soul says, I thought we went straight to the Judgement Seat? Sun-time and clock-time no longer apply, he's told: only thought-time. The depth of your own thought is slowing you down. So why aren't I afraid? Soul/Gerontius. asks. You were so afraid before you died that all the fear has been burned up. More than that, Judgement has already begun and you sense that all will eventually be well. (Everything in the immaterial world, by the way, is fully alive — even the paving stones and bricks are life itself.) Will I see God? Soul asks. You're disembodied but, because that m


Who was the Premier League's top goal scorer for three consecutive seasons between 2004 and 2006?


Who captained the USA to victory in the Ryder Cup in 2008?

The 2008 Ryder Cup - Team Info See a photo gallery of Monday's press conference "Paul Azinger's passion for the game, his courage to battle back from debilitating disease and his leadership in past Ryder Cups make him the ideal leader to guide the American team in 2008 at Valhalla," said PGA of America President Roger Warren. "Paul is one of the game's biggest supporters of the Ryder Cup and his performances have earned him the respect of his peers as well as many around the world." In 15 career Ryder Cup matches, Azinger, the 1993 PGA Champion, compiled a record of 5-7-3, including a 2-0-2 mark in singles play. Shortly after the 1993 Ryder Cup, Azinger was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in his right shoulder. Azinger overcame his battle with cancer and became a Tour winner for the 12th time in his illustrious career with an emotional victory at the 2000 Sony Open in Hawaii. In his four Ryder Cup appearances, Azinger experienced both highs and lows. His American side tied the Europeans in 1989 (Europe retained the Cup, having won in 1987), won outright in 1991 and 1993 and lost in 2002. In 2002, he was chosen as one of then-captain Curtis Strange's two at-large selections. In 1991 at Kiawah Island, Azinger earned a crucial point in his singles match with Spain's Jose Maria Olazabal, helping the American's to a 14?-13? win. In 2008, Azinger will square off against his ABC golf telecast booth-mate and Ryder Cup rival Nick Faldo, who will captain the Europeans. Arguably the most memorable on-course battle between Azinger and Faldo came in their singles match at the Belfry during the 1993 Ryder Cup. Faldo had a hole-in-one in the match and, despite the fact that the U.S. had picked up enough points to win the cup, the feisty Azinger fought back to earn a half-point. Azinger later joked when NBC Sports showed highlights of that singles duel, "Look at that. I had cancer and he still couldn't beat me." "It will be a good rivalry," Azinger commented, "but it's America vs. Europe not Nick vs. Paul." Azinger even pointed out that he had received a congratulatory text message from his European counterpart two minutes before taking the podium for the captain's selection announcement. Faldo issued a statement immediately following the announcement of Azinger's selection. "I played in three Ryder Cups when Paul was in the opposing side, and for the last two years we have worked together commenting for the ABC network. I feel that we have respect for each other both on and off the course, and I am certain that we will both enjoy the challenge of captaining our respective Teams at Valhalla in just under two years time." Azinger was approached by the PGA of America about the possibility of captaining the U.S. team at the 2004 Ryder Cupï¿½a squad many believed would be captained by Azinger's close friend, the late Payne Stewart, who died in a plane crash shortly after the American's last Ryder Cup win in 1999 at the Country Club in Brookline, Mass. However, Azinger declined. With Azinger at the helm in 2008, the U.S. will be looking for its first Ryder Cup win since 1999. In the last two matches, the U.S. has lost by a record margin of 18?-9? under Hal Sutton at Oakland Hills in 2004 and under Tom Lehman at the K Club in Ireland this past September. Azinger is a native of Holyoke, Mass., and a resident of Bradenton, Fla. He attended Brevard Junior College and Florida State University before turning professional in 1981. He captured his first Tour victory in 1987 and also earned that year's PGA Player of the Year Award. In 1995, he was honored by the Golf Writers Association of America with the Ben Hogan Award, presented to an individual who remains active in golf despite physical handicap or serious illness. Azinger and his wife, Toni, have two daughters: Sarah Jean, 21; and Josie Lynn, 15. Azinger joins a succession of golf's greatest players in the role of Ryder Cup Captain. Walter Hagen, the first Captain in 1927, was followed by such legendary performers as Sam Snead, Ben Hogan, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Tom W


Which actress holds the record for the most Oscar nominations?

Oscars Record Holders: Academy Award Nominees and Winners - Us Weekly By  Allison Takeda Meryl Streep, Anthony Hopkins, and Walt Disney are among those who hold Oscar records for nominations and wins at the Academy Awards Credit: Michael Buckner/Getty Images; Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images; Apic/Getty Images Roll out the red carpet -- the 2014 Oscars are just around the corner! In celebration of the 86th Academy Awards, airing live from L.A.'s Dolby Theatre on Sunday, March 2, Us Weekly is taking a look back at nearly nine decades of wins, losses, upsets, and more fun facts. Which Hollywood legend has 59 nominations? Which star won a leading actor trophy for just 16 minutes of screen time? We've got the answers -- and more Oscars record-holders -- in the roundup below! Not surprisingly, the actress with the most total acting nominations is Meryl Streep , who has earned 18 nominations for films including Out of Africa, The Bridges of Madison County, The Devil Wears Prada, Julie & Julia, and this year's August: Osage County. Three of those 18 nominations resulted in wins, for 1979's Kramer vs. Kramer, 1982's Sophie's Choice, and 2011's The Iron Lady. PHOTOS: Oscars dress predictions -- what J. Law, Lupita, and other stars should wear on the red carpet The male record-holder for most total acting nominations is Jack Nicholson , who has been up for an Oscar 12 times since 1969. His nominated performances include roles in Easy Rider, Chinatown, and About Schmidt. Like Streep, he has three wins under his belt, for 1975's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, 1983's Terms of Endearment, and 1997's As Good As It Gets. In the category of youngest Oscar winners ever, there are two record-holders. Shirley Temple, who won the Honorary Juvenile Award at age 6 in 1934, is the youngest overall, but Tatum O'Neal is the youngest in the standard competitive categories. She earned a Best Supporting Actress trophy for Paper Moon in 1973, when she was 10 years old. Take a look at some other Academy Award record-holders:  Oldest Honorary Oscar winner: art director Robert F. Boyle, 98 when he won in 2007 Oldest competitive Oscar winner: Christopher Plummer, 82 when he won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners Most nominations received by a single film: All About Eve (1950) and Titanic (1997), with 14 nominations each Most awards won by a single film: Ben-Hur (1959), Titanic (1997), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), with 11 wins each PHOTOS: Stars who have never won an Oscar Most film nominations without a win: The Turning Point (1977) and The Color Purple (1985), with 11 nominations each Most acting nominations without a competitive win: Peter O'Toole, with 8 nominations (O'Toole later won an Honorary Oscar in 2003) Shortest performance to win a lead-acting Oscar: Anthony Hopkins' 16 minutes of screen time in Silence of the Lambs  Most total nominations for a single person: Walt Disney, with 59 nominations and 22 wins, most for short films like Ferdinand the Bull and Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day PHOTOS: Stars' Oscar looks through the years Most wins for a leading actress: Katharine Hepburn, with 4 awards (for Morning Glory in 1934, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner in 1968, The Lion in Winter in 1969, and On Golden Pond in 1982) Most wins for a leading actor: Daniel Day-Lewis, with 3 awards (for My Left Foot in 1990, There Will Be Blood in 2008, and Lincoln in 2013) Most nominations for directing: Ben-Hur director William Wyler, with 12 nominations (and 3 wins)


King James I English Bible History King James I With the death of Queen Elizabeth I, Prince James VI of Scotland became King James I of England. His name has become synonymous with the famous printing of the Bible that bears his name, the “King    James Bible” of 1611 AD . He was one of the most intelligent Kings    to reign over England, but his personal life made him the most controversial    since his relative, King Henry VIII. James VI of Scotland and James I of England James VI of Scotland (June 19, 1566 - March 27, 1625,    reigned July 24, 1567 - March 27, 1625) became James I of England and Ireland (reigned March 24, 1603-March 27, 1625) and was the    first king of both England and Scotland. He also held the title of King    of France, as had all his predecessors in the English throne since October    21, 1422, although by his time the title didn't come with an active claim    of this throne. James succeeded Elizabeth I as the closest living relative    of the unmarried childless English monarch, through his descent from one    of Henry VIII's sisters. King James Crowned at the Age of One Prince James became King of Scotland on July 24, 1567, at the age of 13    months, after his mother Mary, Queen of Scots was forced to abdicate. Mary    fled to England, where she was imprisoned for the next 19 years. His father,    Lord Darnley, had died in mysterious circumstances shortly after James was    born. James was formally crowned at the Church of the Holy Rood, Stirling    on July 29, 1567. In accordance to the religious atmosphere of the time,    he was brought up as a Scottish Presbyterian, though his mother had been    a Roman Catholic. King James – from Scotland to England James inherited the throne of England after the death of his mother's cousin,    Queen Elizabeth I. James was never a very popular monarch among the people    of England. He laid much of the groundwork that would eventually lead to    the beheading of his heir Charles I during the English Civil War, but because    of his political skills, his rule was relatively stable. James married Anne    of Denmark by proxy on August 20, 1589, and in person on November 23, 1589    and again in person in January 21, 1590. They had eight children, of whom    only three lived beyond infancy: Henry, Prince of Wales- (February 19, 1594    - November 6, 1612), Elizabeth Stuart - (August 19, 1596 - February 13,    1662), and King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland - (November 19,    1600 - January 30, 1649). James dissolved the English Parliament on February 8, 1622, following a    dispute involving parliamentary criticisms of a marriage proposed by James,    of his son Charles to Princess Maria Anna of Spain. King James was quoted    as saying, "Monarchy is the greatest thing on earth. Kings are    rightly called gods since just like God they have power of life and death    over all their subjects in all things. They are accountable to God only    ... so it is a crime for anyone to argue about what a king can do." King James is considered to have been one of the most intellectual and    learned individuals ever to sit on any English or Scottish throne. He is    primarily remembered for authorizing the production of the King James Version    of the Bible, the highly popular English translation from Greek and Hebrew,    which remains the most printed book in the history of the world, with over    one billion copies in print. King James had nothing to do with the translating    the Bible, he merely authorized it and provided financing for its production.    Beyond that, however, James wrote several books himself. 'Queen James' One area of the life of King James that for many years remained clouded    in controversy was allegations that James was homosexual. As James did    father    several children by Anne of Denmark, it is actually more accurate to say    that he was allegedly a bi-s


In which book do Mr Jones and The Battle of the Cowshed appear?

SparkNotes: Animal Farm: Chapter IV Animal Farm Chapter V Summary By late summer, news of Animal Farm has spread across half the county. Mr. Jones lives ignominiously in Willingdon, drinking and complaining about his misfortune. Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick, who own the adjoining farms, fear that disenchantment will spread among their own animals. Their rivalry with each other, however, prevents them from working together against Animal Farm. They merely spread rumors about the farm’s inefficiency and moral reprehensibility. Meanwhile, animals everywhere begin singing “Beasts of England,” which they have learned from flocks of pigeons sent by Snowball, and many begin to behave rebelliously. At last, in early October, a flight of pigeons alerts Animal Farm that Mr. Jones has begun marching on the farm with some of Pilkington’s and Frederick’s men. Snowball, who has studied books about the battle campaigns of the renowned Roman general Julius Caesar, prepares a defense and leads the animals in an ambush on the men. Boxer fights courageously, as does Snowball, and the humans suffer a quick defeat. The animals’ losses amount only to a single sheep, whom they give a hero’s burial. Boxer, who believes that he has unintentionally killed a stable boy in the chaos, expresses his regret at taking a life, even though it is a human one. Snowball tells him not to feel guilty, asserting that “the only good human being is a dead one.” Mollie, as is her custom, has avoided any risk to herself by hiding during the battle. Snowball and Boxer each receive medals with the inscription “Animal Hero, First Class.” The animals discover Mr. Jones’s gun where he dropped it in the mud. They place it at the base of the flagstaff, agreeing to fire it twice a year: on October 12th, the anniversary of the Battle of the Cowshed—as they have dubbed their victory—and on Midsummer’s Day, the anniversary of the Rebellion. Analysis This chapter extends the allegory of the Russian Revolution to Russia’s interwar period. The spread of Animalism to surrounding farms evokes the attempts by Leon Trotsky to establish communism as an international movement. Trotsky believed, as did Karl Marx, that communism could only achieve its goals if implemented on a global scale, and he devoted much of his formidable intelligence and eloquence to setting off what Western leaders later called the “Domino Effect.” The Domino Effect, or Domino Theory, posited that the conversion or “fall” of a noncommunist state to communism would precipitate the fall of other noncommunist governments in nearby states. Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson used this theory to justify their military involvement in Greece, Turkey, and Vietnam—countries they hoped to “save” from the spread of communism. In Animal Farm, the proprietors of the neighboring farms fear a similar contagion, which we might term the “Snowball Effect.” Just as the West tried to discredit Russian communism, so do Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick spread disparaging rumors about Animal Farm. Just as diplomatic skirmishes between the West and Russia ended up bolstering Trotsky and his allies, the armed skirmish between humans and animals ends up strengthening the animals’ hold on the farm. In this chapter, Orwell makes masterful use of irony, an important component of satirical writing, to illustrate the gap between what the animals are fighting for and what they believe they are fighting for. All of the animals—except Mollie—fight their hardest in the Battle of the Cowshed, but as Chapter III demonstrates, they do not fully understand the ideals for which they fight, the principles that they defend. In putting all of their energies toward expelling the humans, the animals believe that they are protecting themselves from oppression. In reality, however, they are simply and unwittingly consolidating the pigs’ power by muting the primary threat to the pigs’ regime—the human menace. Moreover, though the animals are prepared to give their lives in defense of Animal Farm, they appear unprepared to deal with the co