Who emigrated to the USA in 1842, opened a detective agency in Chicago in 1861, and organised the US Secret Service?

Allan Pinkerton facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Allan Pinkerton West's Encyclopedia of American Law COPYRIGHT 2005 The Gale Group, Inc. PINKERTON, ALLAN Allan Pinkerton was a famous nineteenth-century detective and founder of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. Pinkerton served as a spy during the u.s. civil war and was renowned for preventing the assassination of President-Elect abraham lincoln in 1861. He became a controversial figure when large companies hired his "Pinkerton men" to break labor union strikes through the use of intimidation and violence. Pinkerton was born on August 25, 1819, in Glasgow, Scotland. His father was a police sergeant, but as a young man Pinkerton did not seek a police job. Instead he apprenticed as a cooper and learned to make barrels. In 1842, after he completed his apprenticeship, Pinkerton emigrated to the United States. He settled in Chicago and set up a cooper's shop. In 1843 Pinkerton moved his business to Dundee, in Kane County, Illinois. In that year he discovered and captured a gang of counterfeiters. The event changed Pinkerton's life. He became involved with police work and was appointed deputy sheriff of Kane County in 1846. He soon shifted to a similar position in Cook County, with headquarters in Chicago. In 1850 he resigned as a deputy and started the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. This private detective agency, which specialized in railroad theft cases, became the most famous organization of its kind. Pinkerton soon opened branches in several cities. In 1866 his agents recovered $700,000 stolen from the Adams Express Company and captured the thieves. Pinkerton's public image was enhanced by his discovery in 1861 of a plot to assassinate Abraham Lincoln as the president-elect traveled by train from Springfield, Illinois, to Washington, D.C. With the outbreak of the Civil War, Pinkerton entered the Union army as a major. He was commissioned by General George B. McClellan to create a secret service of the U.S. Army to investigate criminal activity, such as payroll thefts and murder. Pinkerton also headed an organization, under the name E. J. Allan, that worked to obtain military information in the Southern states. Following the Civil War, Pinkerton returned to his detective agency. His agency soon became an integral part in the wars between labor and management that became common in the 1870s. States enacted laws that gave corporations the authority to create their own private police forces or to contract with established police agencies. Pinkerton created groups of armed men known as Pinkerton men, who were contracted out for a daily fee to corporations with labor problems. Their menacing attitudes and use of violence were despised by labor unions and their supporters. In 1877 the United States was beset by a number of railroad strikes. Pinkerton's agents were used as strikebreakers, and their harsh actions toward the labor unions were criticized. James McParlan, a Pinkerton agent, infiltrated the Molly Maguires, a secret organization of Pennsylvania and West Virginia coal miners. From 1872 to 1876, McParlan became part of the Molly Maguires, who were responsible for terrorism in the coal fields. He later testified in a series of trials that led to the conviction and hanging of ten men for murder. Pinkerton, an unabashed self-promoter, wrote an account called The Molly Maguires and the Detectives (1877). In 1878 he wrote Strikers, Communists and Tramps in which he defended the use of his agents as strikebreakers, arguing that he was protecting workers by opposing unionism. He wrote about his role in foiling the Lincoln assassination in The Spy of the Rebellion (1883) and his autobiography Thirty Years as a Detective (1884). Pinkerton died on July 1, 1884, in Chicago. further readings COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. Allan Pinkerton Allan Pinkerton (1819-1884) was the father of many American police detection techniques and founder of America's most famous detective agency. Allan Pinkerton was born in Glasgow on Aug. 25, 1819, the son


In which city would you find Victoria Peak, Victoria Harbour, Tai Mo Shan, Lantau Island, Cheung Chau, Lamma Island, Peng Chau and Tsing Yi Island?

The Peak House / Villa for Sale / Rent in Hong Kong Island , Hong Kong The Peak House / Villa for Sale / Rent in Hong Kong Island , Hong Kong List Above is a selection of property listing from squarefoot.com.hk matching: The Peak House / Villa for Sale / Rent in Hong Kong Island , Hong Kong Hong Kong Island Kowloon New Territories Lantau Island DISTRICTS - The Peak Showing 1 - 20   of Total Results Sorted by: : Gross Area: 7850 (sq.ft.) | Saleable Area:   4752 (sq.ft.) Compare 4 Gross Area: 4956 (sq.ft.) | Saleable Area:   3787 (sq.ft.) Family detached house for rent with unobstructed harbour, city and mountain views. Private garden, terrace and roof. High quality finishes, 4 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, internal lift and fully fitted kitchen. Compare Gross Area: -- (sq.ft.) | Saleable Area:   3120 (sq.ft.) please contact Missy @ 93682208 / property@islandproperty.com.hk to arrange a great viewing Layout 4 Bedrooms (1 Ensuite); 3 Bathrooms; Separate Living and Dining Room; 1 Garden; 2 Maid's Room; 1 Family Room; 1 Utility Room Car park •Splendid views of the city skyline stretching towards the sea. •Cradled in the tranquil environment at the Peak. Internal Condition •Stately home at the Peak with extraordinary high ceilings and wonderful built-in storage solutions for a family. •Wall-to-wall windows across the enormous living room bring your mature garden indoor. •A ceiling fan keeps the dining room cool and breezy. •Large family room perfect for home entertaining. •Master suite has lots of furnishing option and comprises dressing area, walk-in closet and an ensuite bathroom. •Other three bedrooms can easily accommodate at least a queen-size bed each, and there are built-in floor-to-ceiling wardrobes to put all your linens. •Eat-in kitchen features extensive countertop and breakfast counter, an abundance of wooden cabinets, along with built-in gas hob, exhaust hood and oven. •Two additional bathrooms come convenient when entertaining guests. •Utility room is designated for your washer and dryer. •Two good-sized amah's rooms and a bathroom with shower for your helpers or storage alternative. Compare Gross Area: 4082 (sq.ft.) | Saleable Area:   3097 (sq.ft.) please contact Missy @ 93682208 / property@islandproperty.com.hk to arrange a great viewing Layout 4 Bedrooms (2 Ensuite); 3.5 Bathrooms; Separate Living and Dining Room; 1 Garden; 1 Terrace; 1 Maid's Room; 1 Utility Room Car park 2 covered parking spaces View •Awe inspiring view of Victoria Harbour on one side of the property and the south side of Hong Kong island on the other can be enjoyed from various rooms of this unique family home on Victoria Peak. Internal Condition •Split-level living and dining rooms are bright with high ceilings and skylights. Large windows bringing in the outside greenery, and a combination of white marble and brown hard wood flooring. This comfortable room is ideal for entertaining or for enjoying a quiet evening at home with the family. •Master suite is a spacious room for relaxation with floor-to-ceiling windows running the length of the room. Master bathroom is designed in light colour marble with dark wooden cabinetry. Features include a large corner shower with separate corner spa bath and two sinks at the vanity counter. •Second ensuite bedroom serves as a comfortable retreat with large windows, built-in wardrobes, and a contemporary ensuite bathroom designed with the same materials as the master bedroom. Features of this ensuite bathroom include a large standing shower and contemporary vanity counter. Compare Gross Area: 5067 (sq.ft.) | Saleable Area:   3736 (sq.ft.) Ref# : L8451000 - Magnificent and expansive views over the city skyline and the harbour. Internal Condition: - Deluxe house at the Peak with wonderful outdoor space and top quality fittings, furniture and finishing. - Open plan living and dining room on the ground level boasts floor-to-ceiling windows across bringing the garden indoor. - Master bedroom is an enormous size accommodating a king-size bed, a dressing area, walk-in closet, and a luxury ensuite


How Many Angles Does a Hexagon Have? | Math@TutorCircle.com How Many Angles Does a Hexagon Have How Many Angles Does a Hexagon Have? Top Hexagon is a kind of Polygon which has six sides and polygon has a closed shape which is made by non- intersecting lines , it means lines does not cross the line itself. Now we will see how many angles does a Hexagon have. According to the definition of hexagon we can say that six angles are present inside the hexagon because number of angles of a hexagon depends on total number of vertex. As we know that six vertices are present in a hexagon. It is a type of polygon that has six sides. Now we will see the different types of properties of hexagon which are: 1. Interior angles – The formula for finding interior angle of a hexagon is given by: Interior angle of hexagon = (180n – 360)/ n, Here, ‘n’ denotes the sides of a hexagon. From this formula we get value of interior angle of a hexagon. Interior angle of a hexagon is 1200 degree. 2. Exterior angles – A linear pair formed with exterior angles of a hexagon. The exterior angles of a hexagon are equals to 600 degree. Area – The area of a hexagon is approximately 2.598s2, where‘s’ represents the length of side. The formula for finding the area of hexagon is given by: Area = s2N / {4tan (180/ N )} Where ‘s’ denotes the length of any one side, ‘N’ denotes the number of sides and Tan denotes Tangent function in hexagon. Diagonal – In a hexagon nine diagonals are possible. The formula for finding the diagonals is given by: Diagonal = ½ n (n – 3), Four Triangles are present in a hexagon and formula is given by: (n – 2), Interior angle sum: The sum of interior angles of a hexagon is given by 7200 degree and the formula is given by: Interior angle of a hexagon = 180(n – 2). This is all about hexagon. Does a Trapezoid Have Rotational Symmetry Related Concepts


Which cartoon character is the adoptive father of Swee'Pea, an infant foundling left on his doorstep?

Popeye the Sailor (character) | Paramount Cartoons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Popeye the Sailor (character) Famous , Max Fleischer Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero notable for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous television shows. He was created by Elzie Crisler Segar , [1 ] and first appeared in the daily King Features comic strip Thimble Theatre on January 17, 1929. Popeye has now become the strip's title as well. Although Segar's Thimble Theatre strip, first published on December 19, 1919, was in its tenth year when Popeye made his debut, the sailor quickly became the main focus of the strip and Thimble Theatre became one of King Features' most popular properties during the 1930s. Thimble Theatre was carried on after Segar's death in 1938 by several writers and artists , most notably Segar's assistant Bud Sagendorf . The strip, now titled Popeye, continues to appear in first-run installments in its Sunday edition , written and drawn by Hy Eisman . The daily strips are reprints of old Sagendorf stories. In 1933, Max and Dave Fleischer 's Fleischer Studios adapted the Thimble Theatre characters into a series of Popeye the Sailor theatrical cartoon shorts for Paramount Pictures . These cartoons proved to be among the most popular of the 1930s, and the Fleischers—and later Paramount's own Famous Studios —continued production through 1957. The cartoons are now owned by Turner Entertainment , a subsidiary of Time Warner , and distributed by sister company Warner Bros. Entertainment. Over the years, Popeye has also appeared in comic books , television cartoons , arcade and video games, hundreds of advertisements and peripheral products, and a 1980 live-action film directed by Robert Altman starring comedian Robin Williams as Popeye. Contents Edit In most appearances (except during the World War II era), Popeye is a middle-aged sailor with a unique way of speaking, disproportionately muscular forearms with two anchor tattoos , thinning hair, and an ever-present corncob pipe (which he toots like a steamship's whistle at times). Popeye is generally depicted as having only one eye, his left. In at least one Fleischer cartoon, Bluto refers to Popeye as a "one-eyed runt ." Mostly quiet as to how he lost his right eye, the sailor claims it was in "the mos' arful battle" of his life. Later versions of the character had both eyes, with one of them merely being squinty, or "squinky" as he put it. According to the official site, Popeye is 34 years old and was born in a typhoon off Santa Monica, California (however, in Popeye, the Ace of Space his original age is given as 40 by an alien aging machine). Popeye's strange, comic and often supernatural adventures take him all over the world, and place him in conflict with enemies such as the Sea Hag and Bluto. His main base of operations is the fictional town of Sweethaven. Popeye's father is the degenerate Poopdeck Pappy , who does not share his son's moral righteousness and is represented as having abandoned Popeye in some sources. Popeye's sweetheart (and in some sources, wife) over the years is Olive Oyl ; although the two characters often bickered, especially in early stories after his first appearance. Popeye is the adoptive father of Swee'Pea , an infant foundling left on his doorstep. (Sweet Pea is a term of affection used by Popeye; in the cartoon We Aim to Please, he addressed Olive Oyl as "Sweet Pea" at one point.) In addition to a gravelly voice and a casual attitude towards grammar , Popeye is known for having an apparent speech impediment (a common character-distinguishing device in early cartoons), which either comes naturally or is caused by the ever-present pipe in his mouth. Among other things, he has problems enunciating a trailing "t"; thus, "fist" becomes "fisk" (as sung in his theme song, which makes it conveniently rhyme with "risk") and "infant" becomes "infink." This speech impediment even found its way into some of the titles of the cartoons. Popeye is depicted as having superhuman strength , though the nature of his strengt


Leif Ericson, a Norse explorer regarded as the first European to land in North America before Christopher Columbus, established a settlement at Vinland, which has been tentatively identified as being where?

Leif Ericson - Definition and synonyms of Leif Ericson in the English dictionary. Translation of Leif Ericson to 20 languages. Leif Ericson I began writing in the 4th grade. As a matter of fact, I produced a play for the entire school. It was about Leif Ericson and the discovery of America. Christopher Darden Meaning of Leif Ericson in the English dictionary DICTIONARY GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF LEIF ERICSON noun exclamation Leif Ericson is a noun. A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc. WHAT DOES LEIF ERICSON MEAN IN ENGLISH? Leif Erikson Leif Erikson or Leif Ericson was a Norse explorer regarded as the first European to land in North America, nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus. According to the Sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, tentatively identified with the Norse L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland in modern-day Canada. It is believed that Leif was born in Iceland around the 970s—the son of mother Thjóðhildr and father Erik the Red, an explorer and outlaw from Western Norway. Erik founded the first Norse colonies in Greenland, and was based at the family estate Brattahlíð in the so-called Eastern Settlement, where Leif had his upbringing. Leif had two known sons: Thorgils, born to noblewoman Thorgunna in the Hebrides; and Thorkell, who succeeded him as chieftain of the Greenland settlement. Synonyms and antonyms of Leif Ericson in the English dictionary of synonyms SYNONYMS WORDS RELATING TO «LEIF ERICSON» Leif Ericson when leif ericson born what discover biography school facts kids timeline erikson norse explorer regarded first european land north america odin short norwegian ministry foreign affairs history read century have discovered americas ericsson viking about reach shores grew watch iceberg eric eriksson birthday life story accounts icelandic second possibly mental floss leifr eiríksson leifur leiv eiriksson calls just soft schools said found long this camps ages sioux falls ymca heart experience activities small close knit group campers their counselor carry large variety Translation of «Leif Ericson» into 20 languages TRANSLATOR TRANSLATION OF LEIF ERICSON Find out the translation of Leif Ericson to 20 languages with our English multilingual translator . The translations of Leif Ericson from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «Leif Ericson» in English. List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «Leif Ericson». FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «LEIF ERICSON» OVER TIME The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «Leif Ericson» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «Leif Ericson» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day. Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about Leif Ericson EXAMPLES Famous quotes and sentences with the word Leif Ericson. 1 Christopher Darden I began writing in the 4th grade. As a matter of fact, I produced a play for the entire school. It was about Leif Ericson and the discovery of America. 10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «LEIF ERICSON» Discover the use of Leif Ericson in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to Leif Ericson and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature. 1 Leif Ericson: explorer of Vinland (circa 1000) A brief account of the life and discoveries of the Norse explorer who became one of the first white men to visit America. Dan Zadra, Dick Brude, 1988 2 Daily Comprehension: October LEIF ERICSON On October 9, some Americans celebrate a special day in honor of Leif Ericson. Many people believe that Ericson was the first person to discover America nearly 500 years before Columbus. Leif Ericson was


What is the chief ore from which aluminium is obtained?

What is the chief ore of aluminum? | Reference.com What is the chief ore of aluminum? A: Quick Answer Although bauxite is a chief ore of aluminum, there are other ores that also contain this element like potassium aluminum sulfate and gibbsite. Aluminum is not found in elemental form in nature but in different compounds like bauxite that contains aluminum oxide. Aluminum oxide is also called alumina. Full Answer Aluminum also is found in different types of silicates and oxides. However, bauxite is the ore most readily used for aluminum extraction. The two main processes utilized for extraction purposes are electrolysis or the Bayer process. The extraction of aluminum from bauxite can involve purifying bauxite to get the byproduct aluminum oxide, using electrolysis to extract aluminum from aluminum oxide and refining the aluminum. Aluminum is a metal that is lightweight as well as strong. Aluminum and its alloys are used extensively in many industries and for different applications that include from foil to lightweight parts for aircraft.


"Who is the New Zealander who directed ""Shrek"", ""Shrek 2"", ""The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe"" and ""The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian""?"

The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe -2005 - ComingSoon.net The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe SHARE Release date: December 9, 2005 Studio: Walt Disney Pictures MPAA Rating: PG (for battle sequences and frightening moments) Screenwriters: Ann Peacock, Andrew Adamson, Christopher Markus, Stephen McFeeley Starring: Tilda Swinton, James McAvoy, Georgie Henley, Skandar Keynes, Anna Popplewell, William Moseley, Rupert Everett, Ray Winstone, Dawn French, Liam Neeson, Jim Broadbent Official website: Narnia.com Plot Summary: C.S. Lewis' timeless adventure "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe" follows the exploits of the four Pevensie siblings -- Lucy, Edmund, Susan and Peter -- in World War II England who enter the world of Narnia through a magical wardrobe while playing a game of 'hide-and-seek' in the rural country home of an elderly professor. Once there, the children discover a charming, peaceful land inhabited by talking beasts, dwarfs, fauns, centaurs and giants that has become a world cursed to eternal winter by the evil White Witch, Jadis. Under the guidance of a noble and mystical ruler, the lion Aslan, the children fight to overcome the White Witch's powerful hold over Narnia in a spectacular, climactic battle that will free Narnia from Jadis' icy spell forever. The film marks the first live-action directorial effort for New Zealander Andrew Adamson (the Oscar®-winning "Shrek," "Shrek 2"), who also co-wrote the screenplay adaptation with Emmy Award-winner Ann Peacock (HBO's "A Lesson Before Dying") and scribes Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely. The film is produced by Academy Award®-winning filmmaker Mark Johnson and Philip Steuer. To bring his dazzling vision to the screen, Adamson has secured the talents of Oscar®-nominated cinematographer Donald M. McAlpine, ASC, ACS, Oscar®-nominated production designer Roger Ford, seasoned costume designer Isis Mussenden, film editors Sim Evan-Jones and Jim May and composer Harry Gregson-Williams. News


Malagasy is an official language of which country?

Madagascar | Ethnologue Madagascar Madagascar A country in Africa The number of individual languages listed for Madagascar is 14. All are living languages. Of these, 12 are indigenous and 2 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 3 are institutional, 1 is developing, 9 are vigorous, and 1 is in trouble. Official Name 65% (2015 UNESCO) Immigrant Languages Arabic (20,000), Chinese (16,000), Maore Comorian (3,000), Morisyen (4,000), Mwali Comorian (1,000), Ndzwani Comorian (8,000), Ngazidja Comorian (8,000), Réunion Creole French General References Bouwer 2010; Campbell and King 2011 Language Counts The number of individual languages listed for Madagascar is 14. All are living languages. Of these, 12 are indigenous and 2 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 3 are institutional, 1 is developing, 9 are vigorous, and 1 is in trouble. Products


Pure gold is denoted by how many carats?

What is gold karat? - Gold Price OZ What is gold karat? Karat - The unit of purity for gold Menu☰ What is gold karat? - Gold Price What is gold karat? When people buy gold jewelry in the store, the seller often describes it in terms of karats (abbreviated kt or K). The gold jewelries are made with different karat, such as 10 karat, 12 karat, 14 karat, and 18 karat. High karat gold jewelries are more expensive. Well, what exactly does the "karat" mean? What is the karat? Karat is a unit of purity for gold alloys, rather than weight. The word "karat" is from the carob seed, which was used as balance scales to measure the weight of gold in ancient Asian bazaars. What is Gold Karat? Since the pure gold is too soft to make exquisite jewelries. Therefore, the gold jewelries are almost alloy which are mixed with other metals, such as silver, copper, or zinc. Pure gold is 24 karats. A unit karat of gold is equal to 1/24 part (4.1667%). The gold karat shows how many parts of gold and how many parts of other metals in a gold jewelry. The following chart shows the differences between the different karats, and also shows the percentage of gold and other metals. Karats gold 25% other metal 75% As I mentioned, gold is a relatively soft metal, so high-karat stuff are often easily damaged. A 24 karat item is generally reserved for display or ceremonial use. In the stores, most gold items have a karat rating in the range 9 to 18. In the US, the minimum karat value for gold jewelry to be sold is 10, but in the UK 9 karat is more common. In additional, gold purity does not affect its weight! Different color of gold are mixed with different other metals. For example, gold mixes copper is called red karat gold. What's the difference between Karat and Carat? We are often confusion over the differing use of "carat" and "karat". The Karat is a gold unit for purity, and Carat is a unit for mass which is used for measuring the weight of gemstones and pearls (1 carat is equal to 200mg). However, carat and karat are usually used interchangeably in some countries. How to test the purity of gold? There are two common methods to test gold for its purity, Acid Test Kits and Electronic Testing Kits. However, any acid testing will lose some small amount of gold.


Block, Fan, Horsetail, Plunge, Punchbowl and Segmented are types of what?

Waterfall Pictures | Beautiful Photos About me / Contact Waterfall Pictures Waterfalls come in many different shapes, forms and heights. Even a plunge of only a few meters is considered a waterfall in the eyes of some waterfall lovers. Here is a selection of our Waterfall Pictures and Photos taken from around the globe. A waterfall is created for a number of reasons but most commonly when a river or a stream flows over a cliff formed along the river bed by way of a fault or along the edge of a glacial trough. Waterfalls are a pleasure to photograph, with their clean, crisp flowing water constantly at work, shaping the landscape. They come in a variety of shapes, sizes and heights and are categorized into types, namely: Horsetail, plunge, cataract, fan, cascade, block, chute, punchbowl, ribbon, slot, multi-step, segmented - just to name a few. From the world famous Niagara Falls , a segmented block waterfall which spans the Niagara River in the Province of Ontario, Canada and New York State in the US to the more sedate Boyd Falls in Fiordland National Park of New Zealand, waterfalls install a sense of fresh vitality. There are varying opinions on what makes a waterfall but in reality that is up to the eye of the beholder or waterfall enthusiast. ...More information below photos...


Where did Scottish patriot William Wallace lead soldiers to a defeat of the English in 1297?

BBC - History - William Wallace z William Wallace    © Wallace led the Scottish rebellion against Edward I and inflicted a famous defeat on the English army at Stirling Bridge. He is remembered as a patriot and national hero. William Wallace was born in the 1270s in Elderslie in Renfrewshire into a gentry family. Very little is known about his early years and there are significant periods of his life for which there are no reliable sources. In 1296, Edward I of England had taken advantage of a succession crisis in Scotland and imposed himself as ruler with an English administration. Within months, Scottish unrest was widespread. In May 1297, Wallace attacked the town of Lanark, killing the English sheriff and unrest quickly became full-blown rebellion. Men flocked to join Wallace and he began to drive the English out of Fife and Perthshire. In September 1297, Wallace defeated a much larger English force at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. This and subsequent military successes severely weakened the English hold on Scotland. Wallace then launched raids into England. In late 1297 or early 1298 he was knighted and appointed 'guardian of the kingdom' in the name of John Balliol, the deposed king of Scotland. The shock of the defeat at Stirling rallied the English around Edward, who marched north with an army. Wallace's strategy was to avoid confrontation and gradually withdraw. He destroyed the countryside as he went, forcing Edward to march deeper and deeper into Scotland. In July 1298, the Scottish and English armies met near Falkirk, and the Scots were defeated. Wallace escaped and little is known of his movements, but at some stage he resigned the guardianship and was succeeded by Robert Bruce and John Comyn. Wallace then went abroad, notably to France, to seek support for the Scottish cause. He returned to Scotland in 1303. In his absence Robert Bruce had accepted a truce with Edward I and, in 1304, John Comyn came to terms with the English as well. Wallace was excluded from these terms and the English king offered a large sum of money to anyone who killed or captured him. Wallace was seized in or near Glasgow in August 1305, and transported to London. He was charged and tried with treason, which he denied, saying he had never sworn allegiance to the English king. His execution was held on 23 August, where he was hung, drawn and quartered. His head was placed on London Bridge, and his limbs displayed in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling and Perth.


The rank insignia of Swiss generals has representations of what flower instead of stars?

Edelweiss - Lion's Paw is a Flower! Did you know that? / myLot edelweiss Tweet November 29, 2006 12:27pm CST Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum) is one of the best known European mountain flowers. The name comes from German edel (meaning noble) and weiß (meaning white). The scientific name, Leontopodium means "lion's paw", being derived from Greek words leon and podion. Symbolic uses On the Austrian euro coins, a picture of Edelweiss is used on the two euro cent coins. On the Romanian 50 Lei banknote. In Austria, Edelweiss is also a brand of beer named after the flower. Edelweiss is the national flower of Switzerland and Austria. It appears in the logos of both the German and Austrian alpine societies. In its bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics the city of Salzburg uses a Edelweiss flower like the emblem.[1] Edelweiss Air, an international airline based in Switzerland, is named after the flower, which also appears in its logo. Edelweiss is a theme and song ("Edelweiss") in the musical and movie The Sound of Music, which takes place in Austria. "Bring me Edelweiss" is the most known song of the music group... "Edelweiss" The Edelweiss is the sign of German and Austrian alpine troops, granted to them in World War I for their bravery. WWII Wehrmacht Gebirgsjäger Edelweiss cap badgeDuring the Second World War, German soldiers occasionally pinned edelweiss flowers to their uniforms. The flower was supposed to be the sign of a "true soldier" in the Wehrmacht as it grows only in rugged terrain, generally above the tree line. Edelweiss was a badge of Edelweiss Pirates (Edelweisspiraten) -- the anti-nazi youth groups in Third Reich. It was worn on the clothes (eg. a blouse or a suit). The Edelweiss flower was in fact the symbol of Wehrmacht Gebirgsjäger, or mountain troops, worn as a metal pin on the left side of the cap and as a patch on the right sleeve. The rank insignia of Swiss generals has Edelweiss signs instead of stars. A Korpskommandant for example (equivalent to a Lieutenant General in other countries) wears three Edelweiss signs on his collar instead of three stars. This flower appears prominently in the comic book adventure Asterix in Switzerland where the protagonists attempt to procure an Edelweiss for its use in an antidote. In Austria, on St. Valentine's Day, it is traditional for a man to present a woman with a bunch of edelweiss, the implication being that he has risked his life climbing up to where the flowers grow. In fact, a GM version is grown commercially at lower altitudes.


Where does the Guinness Book of World Records recognise the largest wave ever surfed, 78 feet (23.8 m), as having been ridden?

Learn and talk about Surfing, California culture, Hawaii culture, Individual sports, Summer Olympic sports Surfing on the Gold Coast, Queensland ( Australia ) Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave , which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore . Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean , but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore . However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools . Synchronised surfing, Manly Beach, New South Wales, 1938–46 The term surfing refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used. The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia , paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees. The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard ; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing. Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding , when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board. Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils. Body surfing , where the wave is surfed without a board, using the surfer's own body to catch and ride the wave, is very common and is considered by some to be the purest form of surfing. Three major subdivisions within standing-up surfing are long boarding and short boarding and these two have several major differences, including the board design and length, the riding style, and the kind of wave that is ridden. In tow-in surfing (most often, but not exclusively, associated with big wave surfing ), a motorized water vehicle, such as a personal watercraft , tows the surfer into the wave front, helping the surfer match a large wave's speed, which is generally a higher speed than a self-propelled surfer can produce. Surfing-related sports such as paddle boarding and sea kayaking do not require waves, and other derivative sports such as kite surfing and windsurfing rely primarily on wind for power, yet all of these platforms may also be used to ride waves. Recently with the use of V-drive boats, Wakesurfing , in which one surfs on the wake of a boat, has emerged. The Guinness Book of World Records recognized a 78 feet (23.8 m) wave ride by Garrett McNamara at Nazaré , Portugal as the largest wave ever surfed, [1] although this remains an issue of much contention amongst many surfers, given the difficulty of measuring a constantly changing mound of water.[ citation needed ] Contents See also: Surfing in the United States For centuries, surfing was a central part of ancient Polynesian culture . Surfing may have first been observed by British explorers at Tahiti in 1767. Samuel Wallis and the crew members of the Dolphin who were the first Britons to visit the island in June of that year. Another candidate is the botanist Joseph Banks [2] being part of the first voyage of James Cook on the HMS Endeavour , who arrived on Tahiti on 10 April 1769. Lieutenant James King was the first person to write about the art of surfing on Hawaii when he was completing the journals of Captain James Cook upon Cook's death in 1779. When Mark Twain visited Hawaii in 1866 he wrote, In one place we came upon a large company of naked natives, of both sexes and all ages, amusing themselves with the national pastime of surf-bathing. [3] References to surf riding on planks and single canoe hulls are also verified for pre-contact Samoa , where surfing was called fa'ase'e or se'egalu (see Augustin Krämer, The Samoa Islands [4] ), and Tonga , far pre-dating the practice of surfing by Hawaiians and eastern Polynesians by over a thousand years. In July 1885, three teenage Hawaiian princes took a break from their boarding school, St. Mathew


In which form of fencing contest do the competitors wear a sleeveless lam?

Singlestick… Or is it? Stick sports in America, an investigation | I don't do long sword Singlestick… Or is it? Stick sports in America, an investigation Home The “Old Game” as described by Allanson-Winn 19th century martial arts have long been the poor relations of more popular historical martial arts branches, but in recent days, it has gained more and more recognition. English martial arts are still the most studied from this time period, the numerous and simple sources, the spread of the English language worldwide and the popularity of Victorian culture have greatly contributed to their current status. Singlestick is one of them. This peculiar relative to saber fencing was very popular in Georgian England before being converted as a wooden training tool. This interest has led many people to consider any mention of singlestick in books or newspapers as the British game. A famous instance is the one of Theodore Roosevelt, allegedly a famous American singlestick practitioner… but was he really practicing the old rustic game of singlestick? Singlestick was practiced since at least the 17th century, some people suggesting it was a relative to more ancient practices in fencing schools, but no solid proof can attest to this link. Although it is often associated with England, we forget that other countries were also fond of fighting with wooden swords, as unknown to many the practice was alive in other countries. In France, the practice of “behourder” a derivative of the noble “bohourt” tourneys was practiced very much like singlestick. The first and second Sundays of Lent was reserved for the peasants and bourgeois to fight with sticks and staves. It fell out of practice around the 18th century, but Diderot in his Encyclopaedia noted that the English were continuing this tradition as well as the Spanish who call it “cannas” and the Florentine who call it “bagordare”. The Victorian version of singlestick was much more in line with what was done in France at the time France continued to use singlesticks all through the 18th and 19th century mostly as a fencing instrument for the military saber. While some teachers like de St. Martin (1804) hated the wooden sword, some as Brunet (1884) found it useful to safely instruct beginners and develop sufficient arm strength and control before moving on with the steel sabers. British singlestick seems to have seen the same development in the mid 19th century, slowly transitioning from a vernacular game into military and upper-class fencing. Mentions of singlestick in 19th century newspapers lead some enthusiastic researchers to point out how popular the old English game was all over Europe and the Americas. The president Theodore Roosevelt himself being the most flamboyant figure of this hobby, but a careful look at the sources seems to indicate that things are not quite what they seem. Here is for example, what Capt. Alfred Hutton had to say about the singlestick in an entry of the Encyclopaedia of sport (1897): “This old style of “cudgelling” is now quite extinct and the “singlestick” of to-day is mainly a medium for learning the management of the light sabre as it appears in our modern fencing rooms.” Hutton also describes it as a poor substitute to the sabre for which many calls to its abolition, but he also says that it is an “honest, manly old English sport which should rather be encouraged rather than be allowed to sink into oblivion”. Let’s first define a couple of terms. The term singlestick will firstly designate the British sport in its various incarnations while fencing stick will describe the wooden stick –be it French, British or other- equipped with a wicker or leather handguard. As you will see in this article, I believe that such a terminology should be used in the future to avoid further confusion. Fencing sticks as sold by Spalding in 1915 While mentions of singlestick in Britain seem to refer mostly to the sport – and even then careful research should be undertaken to establish this fact- most American sources refer to something else entirely when they discuss single


"Which 15th century Italian painted ""The Adoration of the Magi"" and ""The Birth of Venus""?"

The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli – Facts about the Painting Complete Works More than 500 years after its creation, The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli is one of the most iconic paintings ever produced, and remains among the most renowned and priceless masterpieces in the world. Painted in 1486, The Birth of Venus has been the subject of endless intellectual speculation and interpretations of meaning. The painting depicts a voluptuous nude female standing gracefully upon a large seashell which appears to emerge onto shore from the ocean. To her left is a male angel floating in the air and clutching a woman in a tight embrace. To the right of the Venus is another woman in flowing garments, appearing to hail the arrival of the “goddess.” The Meaning Behind the Painting It’s a gorgeous vision, certainly, and stunning to behold. But art critics and historians can’t help but ponder the greater meaning behind The Birth of Venus. Perhaps the most dominant view is that the painting was inspired by Neoplatonic thought. This latter body of philosophy was a revival and slight reinterpretation of the works of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato. In the Middle Ages, intellectuals across Europe were rediscovering the works of the ancient Greeks with great enthusiasm after the long oppression of the Dark Ages. They were also applying their own meanings to what the Greek masters were talking about. Artists such as Botticelli were inspired by this and also Greek mythology. This was a break from the long dominance of art based on Christian themes and the dogma of the Catholic Church. Physical Beauty and Intellectual Love According to Neoplatonism, great physical beauty was a direct springboard to spiritual beauty and intellectual love. The stunning Venus perched on a half-shell is a ravishing beauty with lengthy locks of luxurious reddish-blonde hair. Her skin is pale and her stance is rather demure. Her head is tilted coquettishly. She shyly covers her genitals with a flourish of her tresses. Her right hand is poised at her breasts. Those who viewed the painting in the 15th Century may have had their minds lifted to the ideal of Plato’s higher forms of love, as prompted by the physical beauty of the female body. Inspired by Lorenzo de Medici Over the years, many have offered other views, and some have even questioned the predominance of Neoplatonic thought as being influential on the scene of late 1400s Italy. Thus, others have suggested that the painting is about Lorenzo de’ Medici, the man who commissioned the painting. The images of the painting are purported to be a symbolic reflection of de Medici’s virtues. Lorenzo de’ Medici was a powerful and extremely wealthy Italian statesman. In effect, he was the ruler of the Florentine Republic. The Medici family itself had gained great wealth in their era as bankers and captains of industry. They controlled just about every aspect of local society through their monopoly on the monetary system. Lorenzo de’ Medici was an extreme lover of the arts, and contributed huge portions of his great wealth toward commissioning paintings by the greatest artistic masters of the day, one of whom was Botticelli. Botticelli’s Biography Botticelli’s full name was Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, but he was commonly known as Sandro. His work is assigned to the “Florentine school” and he is known for the “linear grace” of his work. He was born around 1445 and achieved his peak in the decade of 1480s when he produced The Birth of Venus, and another masterpiece, Primavera. By 1502, Botticelli’s skill, career and talent was considered to have faded, his best years well behind him. However, with works such as The Birth of Venus under his name, Botticelli had gained an enduring reputation as one of the great masters of the “Golden Age” of Renaissance painting. Although his works fell out of favor among art experts in the 19th Century, Botticelli has never really lost his position as a timeless genius. It should be noted that the interpretation of The Birth of Venus as extolling the virtues of Lore


What is generally considered to be the largest naval battle of World War II and by some to be the largest naval battle in history, and the first battle in which Japanese aircraft carried out organized kamikaze attacks?

Battle of Leyte Gulf - 必应 Sign in Battle of Leyte Gulf The Battle of Leyte Gulf, formerly known as the Second Battle of the Philippine Sea, is generally considered to be the largest naval battle of World War II and, by some criteria, possibly the largest naval battle in history It was fought in waters of the Leyte Gulf, near the Philippine islands of Leyte, Samar and Luzon, from 23–26 October 1944, between combined American and Australian forces and the Imperial Japanese Navy. On 20 October, United States troops invaded the island of Leyte as part of a strategy aimed at isolating Japan from the c ... (展开) ountries it had occupied in Southeast Asia , and in particular depriving its forces and industry of vital oil supplies. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) mobilized nearly all of its remaining major naval vessels in an attempt to defeat the Allied invasion but was repulsed by the U.S. Navy's 3rd and 7th Fleets. The IJN failed to achieve its objective, suffered very heavy losses, and never sailed to battle in comparable force thereafter. The majority of its surviving heavy ships, deprived of fuel, remained in their bases for the rest of the Pacific War. The battle consisted of four separate engagements between the opposing forces: the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, the Battle of Surigao Strait, the Battle of Cape Engaño and the Battle off Samar, as well as other actions. It was the first battle in which Japanese aircraft carried out organized kamikaze attacks. By the time of the battle, Japan had fewer aircraft than the Allied forces had sea vessels, demonstrating the difference in power of the two sides at this point of the war. Battle of Leyte Gulf; Part of the Pacific War of World War II: The light aircraft carrier Princeton on fire, east of Luzon, 24 October 1944. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf YouTube 2战 莱特湾海战 转载至YouTube ... 广播电视节目制作经营许可证： （沪）字第1248号 网络文化经营许可证： 沪网文[2013]0480-056号 www.bilibili.com/video/av1931037 English: The Battle of Leyte Gulf was a naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of World War II, fought in the seas around the island of Leyte in the Philippines from ... commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf?uselang=... The Battle of Leyte in the Pacific campaign of World War II was the amphibious invasion of the Gulf of Leyte in the Philippines by American forces and Filipino ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf The Battle off Samar was the centermost action of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, one of the largest naval battles in history, which took place in the Philippine ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_off_Samar


Largest Countries in the World, Top 10 Biggest Countries by Area Africa 2,381,741 Russia's geographical position is commonly described as "Eurasia". Its Asian part alone has larger area as compared to an entire country. As the largest country in the Western Hemisphere, Canada has the longest coastline. Its border with the United States is the world's longest land border. Slighter smaller in area than Canada, the United States of America is bordered by Mexico to the south and Canada to the north. It has the world's most fertile growing areas. China shares its border with 14 different countries, including Afghanistan to the east, Russia to the north, and Vietnam to the south. It is also home to 56 recognized ethnic groups. As the largest country in South America, Brazil is the home to the world's largest rainforest named as the Amazon. Also, it has a lengthy Atlantic coastline on the eastern side. As the largest country in Oceania, Australia is a continental landmass and not an island. The country is well known for its extreme climate and wildlife. With rapidly changing boundaries over the past century, India has China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal sharing their borders with it. It was once separated from Asia by a particular sea. As the largest Spanish-speaking nation in the world, Argentina has a varied climate and geography. Its southern tip, Cape Horn is the stormiest location available on Earth. Formerly part of the USSR, Kazakhstan has been the largest nation in the world for most of the 20th century. It is also the largest landlocked country on the globe. Algeria is situated in Northern Africa and has a majority of its desert regions highly elevated. The Algerian Sahara desert extends all the way to the south of Algeria past its borders with Mali and Niger The world's ten biggest countries by size are ranked based on information from the CIA World Factbook. The numbers shown are based on the total land area of each country, including both land and water areas within the international boundaries. Russia is the largest country in the world by a wide margin, covering 17,098,242 square kilometers. Russia stretches across Eurasia, spanning nine time zones and covering about an eighth of the inhabited land area of the Earth. The next largest country is also located in the far north. Canada covers the northern part of the Western Hemisphere, with a total area of 9,984,670 square kilometers. The United States and China are next on the list, so close in size that their positions are sometimes reversed, depending on the inclusion of particular territories and water areas. Just behind China and the USA is the largest country in South America, Brazil, with an area of 8,514,877 square miles, followed by Australia with an area of 7,692,024 square kilometers. Rounding out the top ten are the much smaller countries of India, Argentina, Kazakhstan and Algeria. Interactive Map of Largest Countries in the World The map of the ten largest countries by area is an interactive map of the world showing the largest countries. Hover your mouse over each of the top ten countries to see their areas in square kilometers. You must be Interested to Know


What is the name for the traditional French spread made from olives, capers, anchovies and olive oil?

Black Olive, Anchovy, And Caper Spread Garum) Recipe - Food.com Cook 1 hr In ancient Rome, garum was a pungent all-purpose condiment made from fermented anchovies, not unlike present-day Asian fish sauce. In modern Catalonia, the name refers to a spread similar to the French tapenade made of olives, anchovies, capers, sometimes mashed egg yolks, and either olive oil or butter. This recipe, flavored with rum and a touch of mustard, is adapted from the one served at the Hotel Ampurdan in Figueres. The hotel is legendary for its robust Catalan cooking and credited with naming this spread 'garum'. Try to find olives that are pungent, but not vinegary and briny. The spread is delicious on toasted baguette rounds or slices of grilled country bread. It also makes a fine accompaniment to grilled meat, chicken or fish. Adapted from the cookbook, "The New Spanish Table" Ingredients Copycat Olive Garden Recipes Directions Place the olives, anchovies, capers, garlic, egg yolk, rum and mustard in a food processor and process in quick pulses to a medium-fine paste, scraping down the side of the bowl as needed. Gradually add the olive oil, pulsing several times after each addition. Scrape the mixture into a bowl and let stand at room temperature for about 1 hour so that the flavors develop. Serve with grilled bread, toast or bread sticks. The spread can be refrigerated, covered, for up to 2 weeks. Note: if the only pitted olives you can find are Kalamatas, soak them briefly in cold water and use fewer capers and anchovies. To pit olives, place them in a plastic bag. Lay the bag on a flat surface, and crush them lightly with the flat side of a large knife, mallet or heavy skillet. Then pick out and discard the pits. Cooking time includes standing time. Would you like to attach a photo to your submission? Browse The image has been attached to your submission. Close Are you sure you want to report this post for review? Yes, report it. You must be logged in to interact with the activity feed. Log in now


In 1459, the Battle of Blore Heath in Staffordshire, England, 2 miles east of Market Drayton in Shropshire, was the first major battle of which campaign?

Battle of Blore Heath | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Battle of Blore Heath Stoke Field The Battle of Blore Heath was one of the first major battles in the English Wars of the Roses . It was fought on 23 September 1459, at Blore Heath in Staffordshire, two miles east of the town of Market Drayton in Shropshire, England. Contents Edit After the First Battle of St Albans in 1455, an uneasy peace held in England. Attempts at reconciliation between the houses of Lancaster and York enjoyed but marginal success. However, both sides became increasingly wary of each other and by 1459 were actively recruiting armed supporters. Queen Margaret of Anjou continued to raise support for King Henry VI amongst noblemen, distributing an emblem of a silver swan to knights and squires enlisted by her personally, [7] whilst the Yorkist command under the Duke of York was finding plenty of anti-royal support despite the severe punishment for raising arms against the king. The Yorkist force based at Middleham Castle in Yorkshire (led by the Earl of Salisbury ) needed to link up with the main Yorkist army at Ludlow Castle in Shropshire. As Salisbury marched south-west through the Midlands the queen ordered Lord Audley to intercept them. [8] The battle Edit Audley chose the barren heathland of Blore Heath to set up an ambush. [9] On the morning of 23 September 1459 ( Saint Thecla 's day), a force of some 10,000 men took up a defensive position behind a 'great hedge ' on the south-western edge of Blore Heath facing the direction of Newcastle-under-Lyme to the north-east, the direction from which Salisbury was approaching. Yorkist scouts spotted Lancastrian banners over the top of a hedge and immediately warned Salisbury. As they emerged from the woodland, the Yorkist force of some 5,000 men realized that a much larger enemy force was awaiting their arrival. Salisbury, instead of disbanding or withdrawing his army, [10] immediately arranged his troops into battle order, just out of range of the Lancastrian archers. To secure his right flank, he arranged the supply wagons in a defensive laager , a circular formation to provide cover to the men. Fearing a rout, Yorkist soldiers are reported to have kissed the ground beneath them, supposing that this would be the ground on which they would meet their deaths. The two armies were separated by about 300 metres on the barren heathland. A steep-sided, wide and fast-flowing brook ran between them. The brook made Audley's position seemingly impenetrable. Initially, both leaders sought unsuccessfully to parley in an attempt to avoid bloodshed. In keeping with many late medieval battles , the conflict opened with an archery duel between the longbows of both armies. At Blore Heath, this proved inconclusive because of the distance between the two sides. Salisbury, aware that any attack across the brook would be suicidal, employed a ruse to encourage the enemy to attack him. He withdrew some of his middle-order just far enough that the Lancastrians believed them to be retreating. The Lancastrians launched a cavalry charge. After they had committed themselves, Salisbury ordered his men to turn back and catch the Lancastrians as they attempted to cross the brook. It is possible that the order for this Lancastrian charge was not given by Audley but it had the effect of turning the balance in favour of Salisbury. The charge resulted in heavy casualties for the Lancastrians. The Lancastrians withdrew, and then made a second assault, possibly attempting to rescue casualties. This second attack was more successful with many Lancastrians crossing the brook. This led to a period of intense fighting in which Audley himself was killed, [10] possibly by Sir Roger Kynaston of Myddle and Hordley . The Earl of Salisbury, which knew the sleights, strategies and policies of warlike affairs, suddenly returned, and shortly encountered with the Lord Audley and his chief captains, ere the residue of his army could pass the water. The fight was sore and dreadful. The earl desiring the saving of his life, and his adversarie


"In 1906, Lee de Forest developed a ""triode"" to amplify and convert alternating current to direct current, which played a major role in the development of which invention?"

Lee De Forest | Pronk Papers II. Describe the economic and political dynamics that brought about the birth of RCA.           A hundred years ago radio or the wireless was used as a point-to-point communications device similar to the use of the telegraph and telephone using wires.     Radio waves instead of wires were used primarily in maritime communications to send messages from ship to ship and ship to shore.    British-owned Marconi Company and its subsidiary,  Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America, dominated the radio industry and controlled important patents including the Fleming value invented by John Fleming. Sir John Ambrose Fleming The Fleming value or vacuum tube consisted of a metal plate and thin wire enclosed in a glass bulb. The device enable the translating of an alternating current, like a radio wave, into direct current that could be detected by a radio receiver.    The challenge was the detection of weak radio signals by radio receivers. Lee De Forest solved this problem by his invention of the audion that amplified weak radio signals. This was accomplished using a modified Fleming value with a tiny wire grid between the wire and the plate. The wire grid acted as an amplifier and boasted weak radio signals millions of times so that radio signals could be easily detected.   AT&T Archives: Bottle of Magic   Radio Commentator Jean Shepherd Meets Lee De Forest During WW2   A small bit of Radio History, Lee De Forest Audion, Marconi De Forest envisioned radio as a broadcasting medium where entertainment and information would be received by a wide audience with radio receivers.  This was in sharp contrast to the then use of radios as wireless telegraphy and telephony or a point-to-point communication device.    The Marconi Company sued De Forest for patent infringement in using the Fleming value. Faced with legal challenges from both the Marconi Company and the stockholders of his own company, De Forest Radio Telephone Company, De Forest sold his right to the audion to American Telephone & Telegraph or AT&T. AT&T in turn used the audion to amplify signals in long distant calls. De Forest continued to manufacture audions to radio hobbyists and manufactured radios or wireless sets for the military in World War I.    General Electric or GE was also interested in radio. GE held the patent rights to the high-speed alternators that produced electrical current with much higher frequencies than ordinary generators. These alternators were used as continuous radio-wave generators. Reginald Fessendon had invented this alternator design and demonstrated that the human voice could be carried by continuous radio waves generated by this transmitter. Reginald Fessendon GE had also improved the vacuum tube used in radios.     Westinghouse, a major rival of General Electric, was also interested in radio. Westinghouse had acquired the patent rights to both an improved vacuum tube and the heterodyn radio receiver that was invented by Reginald Fessenden.    Also, Edwin Armstrong had improved the audion by developing a positive feedback regenerative circuit that increased radio wave reception by regeneration amplification. Edwin Armstrong   RCA Radio Model RC Operation This RC radio is among one of the first products marketed by RCA in and about 1921. Westinghouse produced this RC radio for RCA. It is a battery set and uses three 01A vacuum tubes. The circuit is Edwin Howard Armstrong first major discovery, the regenerative circuit patented in 1914.      In summary, the patents for radio transmitters and receivers were held by a number of companies and individuals including British Marconi, American Marconi, General Electric (GE), Westinghouse, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), Lee De Forest and Edwin Armstrong. For radio to advance in the future would require the pooling of these patents among economic competitive rivals.    When the United States entered World War I in April 1917, the Federal Government gave the United States Navy the responsibility for all radio operations. The United States Navy took over all co


Billy Bowden is an official in what sport?

Billy Bowden recall in the pipeline as pressure mounts on Ashes umpires | Sport | The Guardian Billy Bowden recall in the pipeline as pressure mounts on Ashes umpires • New Zealand umpire demoted from ICC elite panel in June • England keen not to use own umpires during Ashes series Billy Bowden signals a no ball, denying Australia's Michael Beer his first test wicket in the 2011 Ashes Test at the SCG. Photograph: Jason O'Brien/Action Images Andy Wilson at Old Trafford Saturday 3 August 2013 16.59 EDT First published on Saturday 3 August 2013 16.59 EDT Close This article is 3 years old England are ready to welcome back Billy Bowden, the eccentric New Zealander who was recently demoted from the International Cricket Council's panel of elite umpires, if it allows the four over-stretched and error-prone Ashes officials to be taken out of the firing line during the next seven Tests. The ICC is still to make any official response to the latest of several umpiring controversies that have dogged the first three Tests of this series, with the chief executive of Cricket Australia, James Sutherland, awaiting an explanation of Thursday's decision by the third umpire, Kumar Dharmasena, to uphold Tony Hill's incorrect ruling that Usman Khawaja had edged a Graeme Swann off-break . But behind the scenes one possibility being discussed is for Bowden, the 50-year-old who stood in 75 Tests and 181 one-day internationals between 2000 and his demotion in June, to be recalled alongside Dharmasena, Hill, Marais Erasmus and Aleem Dar – the only four members of the ICC's 12-man elite panel not from England or Australia, and therefore eligible for Ashes Tests. England much prefer that solution to the alternative suggestion of allowing their own or Australian umpires to stand, arguing that the introduction of neutral umpires has been a major step forward for cricket over the past decade. They and Australia will offer the ICC full support in fast-tracking the development of officials from other countries, even if that involves allowing overseas umpires to stand in domestic first-class fixtures - the County Championship or the Sheffield Shield. Despite the general view that human error has been to blame for most of the problems surrounding the decision review system in the series, rather than any malfunction in the system itself, the trials being conducted by Nigel Llong in a van in the Old Trafford car park during this match reflect an acceptance that improvements are necessary – especially if India are finally to be persuaded to accept the decision review system. Llong, the former Kent batsman who is a member of the elite umpiring panel, has been impressed by the extra speed and flexibility when given the power to select his own replays from a bank of 16 split screens on two large monitors – although insiders concede there should not be any major impact on accuracy, as the pictures remain the same and therefore only as reliable as the officials interpreting them. However, extra speed may boost the argument of those, possibly including India, who argue that teams should be allowed to review more decisions even if they get a couple wrong. Again, England would be highly reluctant to allow the introduction of an unlimited number of reviews, as some have suggested, because it would cause even more interruptions to the flow of play, possibly reducing the number of overs in a day, and also allow captains to slow the game deliberately. Comments from the the ICC's chief executive, Dave Richardson, at the World Cup launch in Melbourne suggested that there are likely to be more reviews rather than fewer in the future – a prospect that will horrify many.


Which singer invested in the Ampex company in 1947 (which developed North America's first commercial reel-to-reel tape recorder), was the first to pre-record his radio shows and to master his commercial recordings on magnetic tape?

Bing Crosby reviews, music, news - sputnikmusic suggest tag Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby (May 3, 1903 â October 14, 1977) was an American singer and actor whose career stretched more than half a century: from 1926 until his death in 1977. Crosby's unique bass-baritone voice made him the best-selling recording artist until well into the rock era, with over half a billion records in circulation. One of the first multimedia stars, from 1934 to 1954 Bing Crosby was very successful across record sales, radio ratings and motion picture grosses. Crosby and his musical acts influenced male singers of the era that followed him, including Perry Co ...read more Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby (May 3, 1903 â October 14, 1977) was an American singer and actor whose career stretched more than half a century: from 1926 until his death in 1977. Crosby's unique bass-baritone voice made him the best-selling recording artist until well into the rock era, with over half a billion records in circulation. One of the first multimedia stars, from 1934 to 1954 Bing Crosby was very successful across record sales, radio ratings and motion picture grosses. Crosby and his musical acts influenced male singers of the era that followed him, including Perry Como, Frank Sinatra, and Dean Martin. Yank magazine recognized Crosby as the person who had done the most for American G.I. morale during World War II and, during his peak years, around 1948, polls declared him the "most admired man alive," ahead of Jackie Robinson and Pope Pius XII. Also during 1948, the Music Digest estimated that Crosby recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music. Crosby exerted an important influence on the development of the postwar recording industry. In 1947, he invested $50,000 in the Ampex company, which developed North America's first commercial reel-to-reel tape recorder, and Crosby became the first performer to pre-record his radio shows and master his commercial recordings on magnetic tape. He gave one of the first Ampex Model 200 recorders to his friend, musician Les Paul, which led directly to Paul's invention of multitrack recording. Along with Frank Sinatra, he was one of the principal backers behind the famous United Western Recorders studio complex in Los Angeles. Through the aegis of recording, Crosby developed the techniques of constructing his broadcast radio programs with the same directorial tools and craftsmanship (editing, retaking, rehearsal, time shifting) that occurred in a theatrical motion picture production. This feat directly led the way to applying the same techniques to creating all radio broadcast programming as well as later television programming. The quality of the recorded programs gave them commercial value for re-broadcast. This led the way to the syndicated market for all short feature media such as TV series episodes. In 1962, Crosby was the first person to be recognized with the Grammy Global Achievement Award. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Father Chuck O'Malley in the 1944 motion picture Going My Way, and was nominated for his reprisal of Father O'Malley in The Bells of St. Mary's the very next year, becoming the first of four actors to be nominated twice for the same character performance. Crosby is one of the few people to have three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.


What clothing item made of synthetic material was first sold in Wilmington Delaware in 1939?

Nylon - MOTM 2010 - HTML-only version Also available: Chime Enhanced , JMol , and VRML versions. Why make nylon? Until the first half of the 20th century, clothing was made of natural materials - wool, silk, leather, cotton, hemp, flax... There was nothing else that could be used, and the properties of these materials were pretty fixed. At that time, structure and bonding in molecules were imperfectly understood. For one thing, it was generally believed that there was an upper limit to the size of molecules. Whilst studying the chemistry of rubber, the German chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881-1965) (photo, right) measured very high molecular masses and in 1920 he proposed the idea of small molecules joining to form very long chains, in other words, the concept of polymerisation, though this was a very unpopular opinion. By the 1930s, more and more experimental data supported this view, though it was not until 1953 that Staudinger was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry". So who made nylon first? In early 1928, Wallace Carothers (1896-1937) (photo, left) went from an academic career at Harvard to be in charge of organic chemistry at the new Du Pont laboratory for fundamental research at Wilmington, Delaware. His main project was to create polymers; his salary went up from $267 to $500 a month, and "as for funds, the sky is the limit". If a molecule has just the one functional group, at one end, it can only react at that end, and reaction stops there. Carothers had the idea of using monomers with a reactive functional group at each end, so each end of the monomer could react and thus form part of a chain. Despite succeeding in polymerising chloroethene and also making the first polyesters, his initial work was not commercially successful, but the research continued. And how was nylon made? On February 28th 1935, Dr. Gerard Berchet, a member of Carothers' team, heated together hexamethylene diamine (1,6-diaminohexane, H2N-(CH2)6-NH2) with adipic acid (Hexane-1,6-dioic acid, HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH) and meta-cresol at 215°C; water distilled off, then the temperature was raised to 255-260°C to distil off the cresol in vacuo. He had made Nylon 6,6. By that autumn, the first nylon threads had been spun. With synthetic fibres, chemists could tailor substances with particular properties. Nylon is made from two monomers, each containing six carbon atoms, so the product is known as Nylon 6,6. On reaction, an OH group is lost from the acid molecule and one hydrogen from the amine molecule, so a molecule of water is eliminated, and an amide link (see image, right) is formed between the two monomers. The loss of a small molecule in the condensation process, during the formation of Nylon and Terylene, is known as condensation polymerisation, in contrast to polymerisation of alkenes like ethane, when no atoms are gained or lost, in the process called addition polymerisation. When this is repeated at both ends of each monomer, a chain results: This shows two repeat units of the polymer. Overall, (n+1) H2N-(CH2)6-NH2 + (n+1) HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH H2N-(CH2)6-NH[CO(CH2)4-COHN-(CH2)6-NH]nOC-(CH2)4-COOH + (n+1)H2O Despite this success, and his election to the National Academy of Sciences, Carothers was unable to shake off the depression and mental instability that had dogged him for years. The death of his favourite sister may have been the last straw. He committed suicide by drinking potassium cyanide dissolved in lemon juice on April 29th 1937, shortly after applying for a patent on Nylon. U.S. Patent 2,130,948 'Synthetic fibers' was issued on September 20th 1938. Another approach to making a nylon used just the one monomer, which effectively had two different functional groups, an amine at one end and a carboxylic acid at the other. "Effectively", as this molecule 6-aminohexanoic acid actually exists as a cyclic lactam (caprolactam), but this can be polymerised to form nylon-6. When this molecule polymerises, the ring opens, and the monomers link up forming a single chain of Nylon-6.


When was Nicolae Ceauescu, at the time Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and Head of State in Romania, deposed and later shot?

Nicolae Ceaușescu Nicolae Ceaușescu Никола́е Чауше́ску,Nikolaje Čaušesku, Nicolae Ceaușescu Categories: Set cemetery Person Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian Communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and as such was the country's second and last Communist leader. He was also the country's head of state from 1967 to 1989. A member of the Romanian Communist youth movement, Ceaușescu rose up through the ranks of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's Socialist government and, upon the death of Gheorghiu-Dej in 1965, he succeeded to the leadership of Romania’s Communist Party as General Secretary. After a brief period of relatively moderate rule, Ceaușescu's regime became increasingly brutal and repressive. By some accounts, his rule was the most rigidly Stalinist in the Soviet bloc. He maintained controls over speech and the media that were very strict even by Soviet-bloc standards, and internal dissent was not tolerated. His secret police, the Securitate, was one of the most ubiquitous and brutal secret police forces in the world. In 1982, with the goal of paying off Romania's large foreign debt, Ceaușescu ordered the export of much of the country’s agricultural and industrial production. The resulting extreme shortages of food, fuel, energy, medicines, and other basic necessities drastically lowered living standards and intensified unrest. Ceaușescu's regime was also marked by an extensive and ubiquitous cult of personality, nationalism, a continuing deterioration in foreign relations even with the Soviet Union, and nepotism. Ceaușescu’s regime collapsed after he ordered his security forces to fire on anti-government demonstrators in the city of Timișoara on 17 December 1989. The demonstrations spread to Bucharest and became known as the Romanian Revolution, which was the only violent removal of a Communist government in the course of the revolutions of 1989. Ceaușescu and his wife, Elena, fled the capital in a helicopter but were captured by the armed forces. On 25 December the couple were hastily tried and convicted by a special military tribunal on charges of genocide and sabotage of the Romanian economy in a two-hour court session. Ceaușescu and his wife were then shot by a firing squad. Early life and career Ceaușescu was born in the village of Scornicești, Olt County, on 26 January 1918 being one of the ten children of a poor peasant family (see Ceaușescu family). His father, Andruță Ceaușescu, owned 3 hectares (7.4 acres) of agricultural land, a few sheep, and he also supplemented his large family's income through tailoring. Nicolae studied at the village school until at the age of 11, when he ran away from his abusive, alcoholic father to Bucharest. He initially lived with his sister, Niculina Rusescu, and then became an apprentice shoemaker. He worked in the workshop of Alexandru Săndulescu, a shoemaker who was an active member in the then-illegal Communist Party. Ceaușescu was soon involved in the Communist Party activities (becoming a member in early 1932), but, as a teenager, he was given only small tasks. He was first arrested in 1933, at the age of 15 for street fighting during a strike and again, in 1934, first for collecting signatures on a petition protesting the trial of railway workers and twice more for other similar activities. By the mid-1930s, he had been in missions in Bucharest, Craiova, Câmpulung, and Râmnicu Vâlcea, being arrested several times. The profile file from the secret police, Siguranța Statului, named him "a dangerous Communist agitator" and "distributor of Communist and antifascist propaganda materials". For these charges he was convicted on 6 June 1936 by the Brașov Tribunal to 2 years in prison, an additional 6 months for contempt of court, and one year of forced residence in Scornicești. He spent most of his sentence in Doftana Prison. While out of jail in 1940, he met Elena Petrescu, whom he married in 1946 and who would play an increasing role in his political life over the years. Soon after being freed, he was arrested again and sentenced


"The Gaelic name for which sea cave on the uninhabited island of Staffa, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, is Uamh-Binn, meaning ""cave of melody""?"

Fingals Cave, Staffa | Fingal's Cave is a sea cave on the un… | Flickr Philip Milne By: Philip Milne Fingals Cave, Staffa Fingal's Cave is a sea cave on the uninhabited island of Staffa, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, part of a National Nature Reserve owned by the National Trust for Scotland. It is formed entirely from hexagonally-jointed basalt columns, similar in structure to (and part of the same ancient lava flow as) the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, and those of nearby Ulva. In both cases, the cooling surface of the mass of hot lava cracked in a hexagonal pattern in a similar way to drying mud cracking as it shrinks, and these cracks gradually extended down into the mass of lava as it cooled and shrank to form the columns which were subsequently exposed by erosion.   Its size and naturally arched roof, and the eerie sounds produced by the echoes of waves, give it the atmosphere of a natural cathedral. The cave's Gaelic name, Uamh-Binn, means "cave of melody".   The cave was "discovered" by 18th-century naturalist Sir Joseph Banks in 1772. It became known as Fingal's Cave after the eponymous hero of an epic poem by 18th-century Scots poet-historian James Macpherson. It formed part of his Ossian cycle of poems claimed to have been based on old Scottish Gaelic poems. In Irish mythology, the hero Fingal is known as Fionn mac Cumhaill, and it is suggested that Macpherson rendered the name as Fingal (meaning "white stranger") through a misapprehension of the name which in old Gaelic would appear as Finn. The legend has Fionn or Finn building the causeway between Ireland and Scotland.   The cave has a large arched entrance and is filled by the sea; however, boats cannot enter. Several local companies include a pass by the cave in sightseeing cruises from April to September. However, it is also possible to land elsewhere on the island and walk to the cave overland, where a row of fractured columns form a walkway just above high-water level permitting exploration on foot. From the inside, the entrance seems to frame the sacred island of Iona across the water.   This is the Scottish end of the Giants Causeway...   Legend has it that the Irish warrior Fionn mac Cumhaill (Finn McCool) built the causeway to walk to Scotland to fight his Scottish counterpart Benandonner. One version of the legend tells that Fionn fell asleep before he got to Scotland. When he did not arrive, the much larger Benandonner crossed the bridge looking for him. To protect Fionn, his wife Oonagh laid a blanket over him so he could pretend that he was actually their baby son. In a variation, Fionn fled after seeing Benandonner's great bulk, and asked his wife to disguise him as the baby. In both versions, when Benandonner saw the size of the 'infant', he assumed the alleged father, Fionn, must be gigantic indeed. Therefore, Benandonner fled home in terror, ripping up the Causeway in case he was followed by Fionn.   Another variation is that Oonagh painted a rock shaped like a steak and gave it to Benandonner, whilst giving the baby (Fionn) a normal steak. When Benandonner saw that the baby was able to eat it so easily, he ran away, tearing up the causeway.   The "causeway" legend corresponds with geological history in as much as there are similar basalt formations (a part of the same ancient lava flow) at the site of Fingal's Cave on the isle of Staffa in Scotland. Done


How many volunteer hours were estimated to have supported the 2012 Summer Olympics?

London 2012 | Olympics Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit By 15 July 2003, the deadline for interested cities to submit bids to the International Olympic Committee (IOC), nine cities had submitted bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics. These cities were Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig, London, Madrid, Moscow, New York City, Paris and Rio de Janeiro. Since the United Kingdom hosted the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, three bids had been made for a British city to host the Summer Olympics – Birmingham for the 1992 Games and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000 Games. Preliminary planning for a possible London bid for the 2012 Olympics began in 1997. The United Kingdom had successfully hosted the 1996 UEFA European Football Championships and the 2002 Commonwealth Games which regenerated a large part of east Manchester. Both events satisfied the IOC that the United Kingdom as a whole could host large sporting events and generated impetus for the country to host many events in the 2010s. Then-Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, said his primary motivation for initiating and lobbying for the city's bid was to develop the East End of London, neglected for over thirty years. On 18 May 2004, the IOC, as a result of a scored technical evaluation, reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris. All five cities submitted their candidate files by 19 November 2004, and were visited by the IOC inspection team during February and March 2005. The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits, and a report that a key member of the bid team, Guy Drut, would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances. On 6 June 2005, the IOC released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. Although these reports did not contain any scores or rankings, the evaluation report for Paris was considered the most positive, followed closely by London, which had narrowed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004 regarding Paris. New York and Madrid also received very positive evaluation reports. Throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite to win the nomination, particularly as this was its third bid in recent history. Originally London was seen as lagging Paris by a considerable margin; however, the situation began to improve with the appointment of Lord Coe as new head of London 2012 on 19 May 2004. In late August 2004, reports predicted a London and Paris tie in the 2012 bid. In the final run-up to the 117th IOC Session, London and Paris appeared to be increasingly in a neck-and-neck race. On 1 July 2005, Jacques Rogge, when asked who the winner would be, told the assembled press: "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less". On 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore. Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two cities left in contention were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes, defeating Paris's 50. The celebrations in London were short-lived, being overshadowed by bombings on London's transport system less than 24 hours after the announcement. Bid Voting Edit The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG) was created to oversee the staging of the Games after the success of the bid, and held its first board meeting on 3 October 2005. The committee, chaired by Lord Coe, was in charge of implementing and staging the Games, while the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) was in charge of the construction of the venues and infrastructure. The latter was established in April 2006. The Government Olympic Executive (GOE), a unit within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), was the lead government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. It focus


"How many common nouns are there in the words ""Twinkle, twinkle, little star. How I wonder what you are.""?"

Learn a Song Podcast - Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star Learn a Song Podcast - Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star 4:49 Listen & repeat each phrase of the song. 3:15 0:26 - Focus: what-you CH sound 0:41 - Listen & repeat 3:15 - Listen & repeat each phrase of the song. 4:04 - Sing the whole song. 4:48 - End How I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are. Download You may download this for personal use. Notes


What character has been played by Howard Marion Crawford, Jude Law, Nigel Bruce and, in 2012, Martin Freeman

Dr. Watson (Character) - Comic Vine Dr. Watson The Dr. Watson wiki last edited by Rogo616 on 01/25/15 12:42PM View full history Origin Little is known about Watson's early life. He was born and raised in England , probably in or around London , and attended medical school at the University of London, graduating in 1878. Following his graduation he trained as a surgeon at Netley, eventually seeking employment with the British Army as a surgeon. He saw action during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. He was shot in the shoulder in Afghanistan during the Battle of Maiwand, and returned to London after suffering an illness. In London, he was introduced to Sherlock Holmes , with whom he became flatmates. He accompanied Holmes in the pursuit of one of his cases, and decided to publish Holmes' adventures after learning that Holmes was happy to allow the police to take credit for his brilliant work. Creation Watson was created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . He makes his first appearance in A Study in Scarlet. Major Story Arcs Sherlock Holmes Watson is the assistant and companion to Sherlock Holmes. He accompanies Holmes on most of his cases, and offers assistance where he can, often in the form of medical expertise or back up. In most cases he is used as a sounding board, or left out of Holmes' deductions until the conclusion of the case, but occasionally he is instrumental in the conclusion. In almost all cases he later compiles the information into a short story narrating the events, which he has published. Powers and Abilities Watson is of above average intelligence, and a gifted doctor and skilled surgeon. He is a crack shot, and of fair physical strength; he is capable in unarmed fighting. Other Media Animation Sherlock Hound Watson appears in this anime as an anthropomorphic Scottish Terrier. He is voiced in Japanese by Kousei Tomita, and in English by Lewis Arquette. BraveStarr Watson appears in the episode "Sherlock Holmes in the 23rd Century Part 1". He is voiced by Peter Cullen. The Real Ghost Busters Along with Holmes and Professor Moriarty , Watson appears as a fictional character made manifest by belief in the episode "Elementary My Dear Winston". He is voiced by Frank Welker. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Watson appears in the episode "Elementary, My Dear Turtle". He is voiced by Pat Fraley. Animaniacs Watson appears in the episode "Deduces Wild/Rest in Piece/U.N. Me". He is voiced by Jeff Bennett. Soul Eater Watson appears in two episodes in this anime series. He is voiced in Japanese by Tetsuo Goto, and in English by Chris Carson. Batman: The Brave and the Bold Watson appears in the episode "Trial of the Demon!". He is voiced by Jim Piddick. Film Watson appears in all or almost all film adaptations of the Sherlock Holmes stories. Notable recent appearances include the Guy Ritchie-directed Sherlock Holmes films, where he is played by Jude Law. He has been played in other films by such actors as Nigel Bruce, James Mason, and Robert Duvall, among numerous others. Literature Sherlock Holmes Canon Watson was originally created for the Sherlock Holmes series of stories. He appears in 58 of the 60 stories in the canon, and is first person narrator of all stories less four. Sherlockiana Watson appears in most non-canonical Sherlock Holmes stories. Notable appearances include Stephen King's "The Doctor's Case", Neil Gaiman's "A Study in Emerald", Nicholas Meyer's The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, Manly Wade Wellman's Sherlock Holmes's War of the Worlds, and Lyndsay Faye's Dust and Shadow: An Account of the Ripper Killings by Dr John H Watson. Television Watson appears in all or almost all television movies and television series based on Sherlock Holmes. Notable recent appearances include the modern adaptation Sherlock, in which he is played by Martin Freeman. He has elsewhere been played by such actors as Howard Marion-Crawford, Nigel Stock, and Donald Pickering, among numerous others. Radio There have been over 750 adaptations of the Sherlock Holmes stories to radio in English alone. Watson has been portrayed in these adaptations by su


Lydia Ko who took the 2012 Canadian Women's Open as a 15 year old amateur, became the youngest person to win an LPGA Tour event. What is her nationality?

Golfer Lydia Ko Biography and Career Details LPGA Rookie of the Year, 2014 Quote, Unquote Lydia Ko: "I have to work hard, which sometimes can be boring but the end result makes me smile." (As quoted by harbourgolf.co.nz) Trivia In 2011 Ko became the first golfer to win both the Australian Women's Stroke Play and the New Zealand Women's Stroke Play championships in the same year. Ko is the youngest golfer, male or female, to win a professional event on a significant pro tour (one that awards world ranking points). Ko was 14 years old when she won the Bing Lee Samsung Women's NSW Open near Sydney, Australia, an event on the ALPG Tour. continue reading below our video 10 Best Teams in the History of Baseball In 2012, at age 15, Ko became the youngest-ever winner on the LPGA Tour, claiming the trophy at the CN Canadian Women's Open. Ko, in 2013, became the first New Zealand golfer to win the New Zealand Women's Open and, at age 15, the youngest-ever winner in an LET tournament. In 2014, Ko was the winner of the first-ever Race to the CME Globe , a seasonlong points chase introduced that year by the LPGA. She claimed it with a victory in the season-ending CME Group Tour Championship . Ko earned $500,000 for the tournament win and $1 million for the points win - a total $1.5 million payday that was the largest in tour history to that point. When she won the 2015 LPGA Taiwan Championship, Ko became the youngest golfer ever, male or female, to reach 10 tour wins . Lydia Ko Biography Lydia Ko was born in Korea, but at age 4 her parents moved the family to New Zealand, and Ko represents New Zealand in international competitions. You'd expect that a golfing phenom was born to parents who were golf fanatics themselves, but neither of Ko's parents played the game. Instead, it was an aunt in Australia who introduced little Lydia to the sport. She began playing golf at age 5. Ko took to golf immediately, and improved so quickly that by age 8 she was already competing in the under-19 division at junior golf tournaments. Her first significant tournament victory happened at age 11 when she won the 2009 North Island Women's U19 Championship in New Zealand. It was in 2010 that Ko really started gaining notice. She won the New Zealand U23 and was low amateur at the New Zealand Women's Open (tied for seventh) that year, plus represented New Zealand in the World Team Amateur Championships. In 2011, at age 13, Ko became the first golfer to pull off the Aussie-Kiwi stroke play double, winning both the Australian Women's Stroke Play and New Zealand Women's Stroke Play titles. And she very nearly won a significant professional tournament, the New South Wales Women's Open on the ALPG Tour. Ko led by one with one hole to play, but 3-putted the final green to lose by a stroke. Ko reached No. 1 in the world amateur rankings in 2011, and looked ready to hold that spot for some time to come. For example, a year after blowing the NSW Women's Open, Ko rectified that mistake by winning the same tournament in 2012. At age 14, she became the youngest winner of a pro tournament on a significant professional tour. Also in 2012, Ko won both the Australian Women's Amateur and U.S. Women's Amateur championships. By the time she reached the U.S. Am, Ko had turned 15, and she was the second-youngest winner ever of that trophy. She also played in her first professional major in 2012, the U.S. Women's Open , finishing as low amateur. Following her victory at the U.S. Women's Amateur, Ko said she was in no rush to turn pro, planned to remain an amateur for the forseeable future, and wanted to attend college. "There are so many things to learn as an amateur," Ko said. "Some people say, 'oh, do you want to go professional?' And I'm like, no, I want to go to college." Two weeks later Ko won the 2012 CN Canadian Women's Open , becoming the youngest-ever winner on the LPGA Tour. Even after that, she reiterated her plans: "I'll still remain an amateur and then finish high school and then go to college," she said. In 2013, Ko won her national open, the ISPS Handa NZ Women's


At a banquet, the ghost of whom enters and sits in Macbeth's chair?

Macbeth – ABOUT MACBETH OM OSS Macbeth is among the best-known of William Shakespeare’s plays, and is his shortest tragedy, believed to have been written between 1603 and 1606. It is frequently performed at both amateur and professional levels, and has been adapted for opera, film, books, stage and screen. Often regarded as archetypal, the play tells of the dangers of the lust for power and the betrayal of friends. For the plot Shakespeare drew loosely on the historical account of King Macbeth of Scotland by Raphael Holinshed and that by the Scottish philosopher Hector Boece. There are many superstitions centred on the belief the play is somehow «cursed», and many actors will not mention the name of the play aloud, referring to it instead as «The Scottish play». he play opens among thunder and lightning, with the Three Witches deciding that their next meeting shall be with Macbeth. In the following scene, a wounded sergeant reports to King Duncan of Scotland that his generals, Macbeth (who is the Thane of Glamis) and Banquo, have just defeated the allied forces of Norway and Ireland, led by the rebel Macdonwald. Macbeth, the King’s kinsman, is praised for his bravery and fighting prowess. The scene changes. Macbeth and Banquo enter into conversation, remarking on the weather and their victory («So foul and fair a day I have not seen»). While they wander into a heath, the three Witches, who have been waiting, greet them with prophecies. Even though it is Banquo who first challenges them, they address Macbeth. The first hails Macbeth as «Thane of Glamis», the second as «Thane of Cawdor», and the third proclaims that he shall «be King hereafter». Macbeth appears stunned into silence; so again Banquo challenges them. The Witches inform Banquo he shall father a line of kings. While the two men wonder at these pronouncements, the Witches vanish, and another Thane, Ross, a messenger from the King, soon arrives and informs Macbeth of his newly bestowed title—Thane of Cawdor. The first prophecy is thus fulfilled. Immediately, Macbeth begins to harbour ambitions of becoming king. Macbeth writes to his wife about the Witches’ prophecies. When Duncan decides to stay at the Macbeths’ castle at Inverness, Lady Macbeth hatches a plan to murder him and secure the throne for her husband. Although Macbeth raises concerns about the regicide, Lady Macbeth eventually persuades him to follow her plan by challenging his manhood. On the night of the visit Macbeth kills Duncan. The deed is not seen by the audience, but it leaves Macbeth so shaken that Lady Macbeth has to take charge. In accordance with her plan, she frames Duncan’s sleeping servants for the murder by planting bloody daggers on them. Early the next morning, Lennox, a Scottish nobleman, and Macduff, the loyal Thane of Fife, arrive. The porter opens the gate and Macbeth leads them to the king’s chamber, where Macduff discovers Duncan’s corpse. In a feigned fit of anger, Macbeth murders the guards before they can protest their innocence. Macduff is immediately suspicious of Macbeth but does not reveal his suspicions publicly. Fearing for their lives, Duncan’s sons flee, Malcolm to England and his brother Donalbain to Ireland. The rightful heirs’ flight makes them suspects and Macbeth assumes the throne as the new King of Scotland as a kinsman to the dead king. Macbeth seeing the Ghost of Banquo by Théodore Chassériau.Despite his success, Macbeth remains uneasy about the prophecy that Banquo would be the progenitor of kings. So Macbeth invites Banquo to a royal banquet and discovers that Banquo and his young son, Fleance, will be riding out that night. He hires two men to kill Banquo and Fleance. (A third murderer appears mysteriously in the park before the murder). While the assassins murder Banquo, Fleance escapes. At the banquet Banquo’s ghost enters and sits in Macbeth’s place. Only Macbeth can see the ghost; the rest panic at the sight of Macbeth raging at an empty chair, until a desperate Lady Macbeth orders them to leave. Macbeth, disturbed, goes to the Witches once more. They