Whose 19th century dictionary standardised US English?

Nineteenth-century English—an overview | Oxford English Dictionary Nineteenth-century English—an overview The science of language For many people the nineteenth century was a time of profound and accelerated change, one in which, as the poet and writer Thomas Arnold remarked, it seemed possible to live ‘the life of three hundred years in thirty’ (Letters on the Social Conditions of the Operative Classes, 1831-2). Industrialization, urbanization, as well as the emergence of new technologies and new scientific discoveries all meant that the realities of daily life differed markedly between 1800 and 1900. Education and levels of literacy levels also experienced significant change. Revolutions in printing technology moreover meant that books and newspapers could be produced faster—and more cheaply—than ever before; the ramifications of the General Education Act of 1870 (by which all children in Britain received compulsory schooling) meanwhile meant that, by 1900, more people than ever before were able to read. As in previous eras, language serves as an admirable witness to both history and change. Nineteenth-century conflicts such as the Crimean War (1854-6) are memorialized in words such as cardigan (named after James Brudenell , seventh earl of Cardigan who led the Charge of the Light Brigade) and balaclava (which derives from the name of a Crimean village near Sebastopol). Words such as bloomer and blue-stocking (as well as emancipatress) conversely still evoke the history of very different battles, and the various conflicts which surrounded female dress, education, and independence. Communications and contact While the horse-drawn stage-coach (and indeed the horse-drawn cab) continued in use, new verbs such as to omnibus and to train also succinctly confirm the changing nature of communication and travel. By the end of the century, the bus (the form omnibus was swiftly shortened while the plural omnibi proved spectacularly short-lived) was powered by motor rather than horses. The motor car was also in evidence, though what exactly this new mode of transport should be called remained a matter for debate: A name has not yet been found for horseless carriages … The latest suggestion we have had is ‘motor car’. Daily Chronicle (25 October 1895) Rail and railways perhaps offered the most extensive changes, providing a ready means of long-distance geographical mobility which spanned the nation by the end of the century. The first passengers travelled by train in 1825 and within twenty years the Times spoke of this ‘present railway age’ (9 August 1845). A host of other new expressions and idioms testify to the pervasiveness (and popularity) of railway transport in the era of steam. Railway porter, -tunnel, or –platform were, for instance, joined by the railway bookstall from which one could purchase cheap railway novels, or the railway sandwiches one could consume, as well as the hazards of what was known as railway spine (‘a disorder characterized by pain in the back … occurring especially after a railway accident’). Ships were also revolutionized by steam. By 1821, Sir Walter Scott was already enthusiastically commending the speed by which a journey to London from Edinburgh could be achieved: [We] can now make the journey in the Steam ship within 60 hours and without any fatigue thus beating the mail coach with the full advantage of sleep and stretching of limbs. letter to his son, 6 July 1821 Communication in terms of the written and spoken word meanwhile saw other patterns of transformation. The invention of the electric telegraph (and the telegram – an American coinage which dates from the early 1850s) has been described as the nineteenth-century equivalent of the internet; for the first time, language could be transmitted—at unprecedented speed—without the need for face-to-face interaction. Fast long-distance linguistic communication became a reality. A submarine cable linked Dover and Calais by 1851 while in the United States, Western Union built its first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861. The introduction of the


Which number amendment to the U.S constitution abolished slavery?

13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress) Primary Documents in American History 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Thomas Nast. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-2573 The          13th Amendment to the Constitution declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally abolishing slavery in            the United States, the 13th Amendment was passed by the            Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states          on December 6, 1865. A          Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation This collection contains congressional publications from 1774 to 1875, including debates, bills, laws, and journals. The text of the 13th Amendment can be found the United States Statutes at Large, volume 13, page 567 (13 Stat. 567) and in volume 13, pages 774-75 (13 Stat. 774). References to debate on the 13th Amendment (S.J. Res. 16) can be found in the Congressional Globe on the following dates: March 31, 1864 - Debated in the Senate (S.J. Res. 16). April 7, 1864 - Debated in the Senate. April 8, 1864 - The             Senate passed the 13th Amendment (S.J. Res. 16) by a vote of 38 to 6. June 14, 1864 - Debated in the House of Representatives. June 15, 1864 - The House of Representatives initially defeated the 13th Amendment             (S.J. Res. 16) by a vote of 93 in favor, 65 opposed, and 23 not voting, which    is less than the two-thirds majority needed to pass a Constitutional Amendment. December 6, 1864 - Abraham Lincoln's Fourth Annual Message to Congress was printed in the Congressional Globe: "At the last session of Congress a proposed amendment             of the Constitution, abolishing slavery throughout the United States, passed             the Senate, but failed for lack of the requisite two-thirds vote in the House             of Representatives. Although the present is the same Congress, and nearly             the same members, and without questioning the wisdom or patriotism of those             who stood in opposition, I venture to recommend the reconsideration and passage            of the measure at the present session." January 6, 1865 - Debated in the House of Representatives (S.J. Res. 16). January 28, 1865 - Debated in the House of Representatives. January 31, 1865 - The House of Representatives passed the 13th Amendment             (S.J. Res. 16) by a vote of 119 to 56. February 1, 1865 - President             Abraham Lincoln signed a Joint Resolution submitting             the proposed 13th Amendment to the states. December 18, 1865 - Secretary             of State William Seward issued a statement             verifying the ratification of the 13th Amendment. Abraham           Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress The complete Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress consists of approximately 20,000 documents. The collection is organized into three "General Correspondence" series which include incoming and outgoing correspondence and enclosures, drafts of speeches, and notes and printed material. Most of the 20,000 items are from the 1850s through Lincoln's presidential years, 1860-65. A selection of highlights from this collection includes: The Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana This            collection documents the life of Abraham Lincoln             both through writings by and about Lincoln as well as a            large body of publications concerning the issues of the            times including slavery, the Civil War, Reconstruction,            and related topics. From           Slavery to Freedom: The Afri


Who was Tsar of Russia when the serfs were emancipated?

The Emancipation of the Russian Serfs, 1861: A Charter of Freedom or an Act of Betrayal? | History Today The Emancipation of the Russian Serfs, 1861: A Charter of Freedom or an Act of Betrayal? Russia Civil Rights , Social Michael Lynch takes a fresh look at the key reform of 19th-century Russia. In 1861 serfdom, the system which tied the Russian peasants irrevocably to their landlords, was abolished at the Tsar’s imperial command. Four years later, slavery in the USA was similarly declared unlawful by presidential order. Tsar Alexander II (1855-81) shared with his father, Nicholas I, a conviction that American slavery was inhumane. This is not as hypocritical as it might first appear. The serfdom that had operated in Russia since the middle of the seventeenth century was technically not slavery. The landowner did not own the serf. This contrasted with the system in the USA where the negro slaves were chattels; that is, they were regarded in law as the disposable property of their masters. In Russia the traditional relationship between lord and serf was based on land. It was because he lived on his land that the serf was bound to the lord. The Russian system dated back to 1649 and the introduction of a legal code which had granted total authority to the landowner to control the life and work of the peasant serfs who lived on his land. Since this included the power to deny the serf the right to move elsewhere, the difference between slavery and serfdom in practice was so fine as to be indistinguishable. The purpose behind the granting of such powers to the Russian dvoriane (nobility of landowners) in 1649 had been to make the nobles dependent on, and therefore loyal to, the tsar. They were to express that loyalty in practical form by serving the tsar as military officers or public officials. In this way the Romanov emperors built up Russia’s civil bureaucracy and the armed services as bodies of public servants who had a vested interest in maintaining the tsarist state. The serfs made up just over a third of the population and formed half of the peasantry. They were most heavily concentrated in the central and western provinces of Russia. Why was it necessary to end Serfdom? In a number of respects serfdom was not dissimilar to the feudalism that had operated in many parts of pre-modern Europe. However, long before the 19th century, the feudal system had been abandoned in western Europe as it moved into the commercial and industrial age. Imperial Russia underwent no such transition. It remained economically and socially backward. Nearly all Russians acknowledged this. Some, known as slavophiles, rejoiced, claiming that holy Russia was a unique God-inspired nation that had nothing to learn from the corrupt nations to the west. But many Russians, of all ranks and classes, had come to accept that reform of some kind was unavoidable if their nation was to progress. It became convenient to use serfdom to explain all Russia’s current weaknesses: it was responsible for military incompetence, food shortages, over population, civil disorder, industrial backwardness. These were oversimplified explanations but there some truth in all of them: serfdom was symptomatic of the underlying difficulties that held Russia back from progress.It was, therefore, a particularly easy target for the intelligentsia, those intellectuals who in their writings argued for the liberalising of Russian society, beginning with the emancipation of the exploited peasants. As often happened in Russian history, it was war that forced the issue. The Russian state had entered the Crimean War in 1854 with high hopes of victory. Two years later it suffered a heavy defeat at the hands of the Allied armies of France, Britain and Turkey. The shock to Russia was profound. The nation had always prided itself on its martial strength. Now it had been humiliated. Alexander II’s Role By an odd twist of fate, defeat in the war proved of value to the new Tsar. Although he had been trained for government from an early age, foreign observers had remarked on how diffident and un


On a map of scale 1:50,000, what distance is represented by 10 centimetres?

Scale, Maps 1, Geography skills, SOSE: Geography Year 9, NSW | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia 1 Exams Introduction Almost all maps have scales. Scales play an important role in maintaining the dimensional accuracy of a map. This chapter outlines the different ways that scale can be expressed. It also explains how to use a scale to convert a measurement on a map and find out the distance it represents in the real world. Why is scale necessary? The Earth is an enormous sphere, which has an area of around 510 million square kilometres. That is more than 66 times the size of Australia. Since the Earth is so massive, and many geographical maps are of large areas, it would be impractical to always create a map which was true to size. See image 1 Cartographers (people who create maps) often make vast spatial information more easily accessible by reducing the dimensions of the area which they are representing on a map. These measurements are ideally reduced until they are able to fit onto a page. It is important, however, that the accuracy of these dimensions is not distorted during this process. To prevent that from happening, a scale is often used. A scale is a ratio used to show how a dimension on a map corresponds with the dimension it represents in the real world. Different ways to express scale Written Scales can be expressed in a number of ways. They are often written in the form of 1 unit to 'n' unit(s). This means that 1 unit on the map represents 'n' units in the real world. An example of this would be 1 centimetre to 1000 centimetres. In other words, 1 centimetre on the map represents 1000 centimetres on the ground (in the real world). It is very important that when writing a scale, people do not write 1 centimetre equals 100 metres, since this equation would be impossible. Linear Scales are frequently featured in map legends (tables explaining the meaning of symbols, signs colours and abbreviations used on a map). In these legends, the scale is often in the form of a linear scale (or line scale). A linear scale is a horizontal line which is divided into sections. It shows how measurements on a particular map correspond with measurements on the ground. See image 2 Fraction A scale can also be written as a ratio or a representative fraction. If a scale is written as a ratio, it appears in the form 1:n. If the scale is shown as a representative fraction, it is 1/n. If we use the example of 1 centimetre to 1000 centimetres, then it the scale would be represented by 1:1000 (ratio) or 1/1000 (fraction). Conversions Sometimes geographers need to know how far somewhere/thing is from somewhere/thing else. Rather than go out into the field and measure this distance, which could be quite time consuming and may require specialist equipment, geographers can use a scaled map of the area. By simply using a ruler and referring to the provided scale, a person can measure the distance on a map and calculate what it converts to in the real world. If the distance between two points on a map is 6.5 centimetres and the scale of that map is 1 centimetre to 10 000 centimetres (also 1:10 000 or 1/10 000), then in the real world the measured distance would represent 65 000 centimetres (or 650 metres). Example 1. Calculate: the distance 6.5 centimetres represents on a map which has a scale of 1 centimetre to 10 000 centimetres. 6.5 x 10 000cm= 65 000 centimetres Now, simplify: this answer so that it is in metres. (Remember, there are 100 centimetres in 1 metre). 65 000 100= 650 metres It must be remembered that when making conversions, scales are not always in the same units. Sometimes, maps feature scales which are 1 centimetre to 1000 metres (also 1:1000 or 1/1000). In this case, 6.5 centimetres on the map would represent 6500 metres (or 6.5 kilometres) on the ground. Example 2. Calculate: the distance 6.5 centimetres represents on a map which has a scale of 1 centimetre to 1000 metres. 6.5 x 1000= 6500 metres Now, simplify: this answer so that it is in kilometres. (Remember, there are 1000 metres in 1 kilometre). 6500 1000


Jakarta travel guide - Wikitravel Time Zone UTC+7 Jakarta is a huge city with several district articles containing sightseeing, restaurant, nightlife and accommodation listings — have a look at each of them. Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia , located on the northwest of the island of Java . Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre and the most populous city not only in Indonesia but in Southeast Asia as a whole. Although the city is known for its heavy traffic and high level of pollution it is filled with an exciting nightlife and vibrant shopping areas. The city is also the centre and melting pot of Indonesian culture which might be the thing for you to enjoy Jakarta. One excellent surprise you'll find in Jakarta is that once you past the taxi drivers who offer their services at the airport and really meet the locals, you will find that the people are among the most friendly, hospitable, and helpful people you'll find on earth, if you keep away from the mini-bus drivers who are notorious for being the harshest on earth. However, understand that Jakarta being a melting pot, you are guaranteed to meet people of all sorts here. Districts[ edit ] Jakarta is administratively divided into the following named districts (note that these district except central Jakarta are very dense in terms of area): Central Jakarta (Jakarta Pusat) - The Heart of Jakarta's Administrative, Government and financial, an aptly named district and the site of Jakarta's symbol, the 132 metre Monas (Monumen Nasional) which is located in world's largest city square "Lapangan Merdeka". Surrounding the area lies the presidential palace, government building, Istiqal Mosque (the largest Mosque in Southeast Asia), Jakarta's gothic cathedral and also the National Museum of Indonesia. There are also various museums within this part of the city such as National Gallery of Indonesia or Jakarta Planetarium. The area is also home to Jakarta's major landmark Bundaran HI or the Hotel Indonesia traffic circle, which is where Jakarta's top most exclusive malls are located. One small road in the area called Jalan Jaksa or Jaksa road, a backpacker street, houses numbers of budget hotels and restaurants for travelers. West Jakarta (Jakarta Barat) - Home to Jakarta's only surviving old town area "Jakarta kota tua" a small area consisting of dutch colonial buildings, its streets are throng with hawker food, crafted good vendors, artist as well as Jakartans youth hanging around. This area is home to the Fatahillah Museum or Jakarta History Museum, and numbers of few other museums cafes converted from old Batavia's offices, banks, warehouses and shops. It is also home to Jakarta's Chinatown called "Glodok" area. Glodok is more of electronic promenade of Jakarta, however is rich in street hawker food and Chinese cuisine restaurant as well as old Chinese temples complexes. There are alot of shopping going on in this area as well, as it is home to Indonesia's largest shopping mall "Mall Taman Anggrek"(Orchid Garden Mall). South Jakarta (Jakarta Selatan) - Jakarta's middle upper class and elite's residential area and is also part of Jakarta's business centre. Where you can find upscale shopping centres and malls, restaurants, hotels, bustling nightlife and entertainment centre and affluent residential areas. One of the famous area in south is Kemang, a street filled with lanes of restaurant, pubs, night clubs, and boutique shops which are popular among the Jakartans and expats alike. The Senopati area is also a burgeoning food street with some of the city's hippest and best restaurants and lounges, quickly displacing Kemang as the place to go and be due to Kemang's unbearable weekend traffic and new flashier options. These are where the elite local's go to eat and drink. The SCBD, Central business district also has some great options for lunch and the best clubs and lounges in the city. South Jakarta is also home to Gelanggang Bung Karno stadium in Senayan sport complex area, which is Indonesia's largest stadium. East Jakarta (Jakarta


"Who had number one hits in 1959 with ""Side Saddle"" and ""Roulette""?"

1959 #10. Roulette - Russ Conway - YouTube 1959 #10. Roulette - Russ Conway Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jun 3, 2015 "Roulette" is a piano instrumental by Russ Conway. It was the second and final of his two No. 1 hits in the UK Singles Chart; the first being "Side Saddle". Russ Conway DSM (2 Sep 1925 – 16 Nov 2000) was a British popular music pianist. Conway had 20 piano instrumentals in the UK Singles Chart between 1957 and 1963, including two number one hits. Conway was born Trevor Herbert Stanford in Bristol England. He won a scholarship to Bristol Cathedral Choir School and was largely self-taught on piano as he whiled away hours as a youngster during a three-year term in borstal. His father then let him join the Merchant Navy. Conscripted into the Royal Navy in 1942, he served in the Merchant Navy from 1942 to 1948, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal as signalman in a minesweeping flotilla "for distinguished service, efficiency and zeal" in clearance of mines in the Aegean and operations during the relief of Greece 1944–45. During his Navy service, he lost the tip of the third finger of his right hand while using a bread slicer. He was discharged on health grounds because of a stomach ulcer. Conway was talent-spotted while playing in a London club, signed to EMI's Columbia label and spent the mid-1950s providing backing for artists on their roster, including Gracie Fields and Joan Regan. He recorded his first solo single "Party Pops" in 1957, a "medley of standard songs" which included "Roll the Carpet Up" and "The Westminster Waltz". Between 1957 and 1963, Conway had 20 UK chart hits, achieving a cumulative total of 83 weeks on the UK Singles Chart in 1959 alone. This included two self-penned number one instrumentals, "Side Saddle" and "Roulette", the latter deposing Elvis Presley's "A Fool Such As I". He was a fixture on light entertainment TV shows and radio for many years afterwards, appearing at the London Palladium on a number of occasions and becoming a regular on the Billy Cotton Band Show for several seasons. He also made recordings as a vocalist. He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1959, when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews during a recording session at the BBC's Studio 1 at 201 Piccadilly, London. His career was blighted by ill health, including a nervous breakdown and subsequently a stroke, which prevented him from performing between 1968 and 1971. He also at times drank heavily and smoked up to 80 cigarettes a day. He was prescribed anti-depressants and had periods of severe self-doubt. But he kept up playing. Having been diagnosed with stomach cancer in the late 1980s, in 1990 he founded the Russ Conway Cancer Fund with his friend, writer and broadcaster Richard Hope-Hawkins, and they staged charity gala shows in major theatres that raised thousands of pounds for cancer charities. He appeared as himself in French and Saunders' 1994 Christmas special, playing "Side Saddle" - or, in an alternative edit, the Gerry and the Pacemakers hit "I Like It" - in their spoof of The Piano. Conway, who never married, died on 16 Nov 2000, just two weeks after his last public performance. Richard Hope-Hawkins delivered the main eulogy at the funeral held at the historic St Mary's Church, Redcliffe, Bristol. Elton John sent a wreath. In 2001 Hope-Hawkins devised, staged and directed a tribute to Conway at the Colston Hall, Bristol, with an all-star cast. The £11,000 raised by the event was donated to St Peter's Hospice, Bristol. Category


Who had a number one hit in 1955 with 'Give me your word' and in 1956 with 'Sixteen Tons'?

Sixteen Tons: Steyn's Song of the Week :: SteynOnline Steyn's Song of the Week Steyn's Song of the Week by Merle Travis http://www.steynonline.com/7413/sixteen-tons Songwriter and hitmaker: Merle Travis with Tennessee Ernie Ford In January 1956, this was the Number One song on both sides of the Atlantic. Sixty years later, in both theme and treatment thereof, it remains a very memorable record. This essay is adapted from Mark's book A Song For The Season : I was born one mornin' and the sun didn't shine I picked up my shovel and I walked to the mine I loaded 16 tons of number nine coal And the straw boss said, 'Well bless my soul!' There aren't many songs about labor – that's to say, not just about work, a job, but a song you can feel the sweat and ache in. You can find plenty of working-nine-to-five-what-a-way-to-make-a-living numbers but not a lot in which you can feel the writer putting other folks' muscle into it. There's "Ol' Man River", of course: You an' me, we sweat an' strain Body all achin' an' racked with pain Tote that barge, lif' that bale Get a little drunk an' you land in jail... Technically, there's a little too much physical labor going on there. "I can never hear those words without feeling a fierce twinge of embarrassment," Richard Bissell, a licensed Mississippi River pilot apart from anything else, once said. "To 'tote' is to pick something up and carry it. A 'barge' is a large non-self-propelled boat used usually for the marine transport of bulk cargoes. Nobody in the long history of the Mississippi, including Mike Fink, has ever picked up and carried a barge." Ah, well. How about this then? A sweat-dripping backbreaker of a song that America at the height of the so-called white-bread picket-fence squeaky-clean Eisenhower era was cheerily singing along with: You load Sixteen Tons and what do you get? Another day older and deeper in debt St Peter, don't you call me 'cause I can't go I owe my soul to the company store... It was huge in its day, in a way that the fragmented and shriveled Hot One Hundred of today can barely imagine. Tennessee Ernie Ford's version was released on October 17th 1955. Nine days later, it had sold 400,000 copies. By November 10th, it had sold another 600,000 to become the fastest-selling million-seller in pop history, a record it retains to this day. By December 15th, it had sold two million. And as '55 turned to '56 it was Number One for seven weeks before being displaced by Dean Martin's "Memories Are Made Of This". Who'd have thought there was so much gravy in a singalong about the unrelenting grinding misery of coal mining? When something's that big a hit, it's easy to be dismissive, but, in fact, it's very deftly done. There's a whole world captured in that line about owing your soul to the company store. In many mining communities, workers lived in company-owned housing, the cost of which was docked from their wages, and what was left was paid in "scrip" – that's to say, company-issued tokens or vouchers that could only be redeemed for goods at the company store. To the unions who fought and eventually defeated the system, it was a form of bondage in which it was impossible for workers to amass any cash savings: there was no future except the next paycheck to be spent on next week's over-priced necessities at the company store. On the other hand, a couple of years back, The West Virginia Historical Society Quarterly took a more balanced view: Pricing in the company stores was often higher than in surrounding non-company establishments. It is true that in the mining families, coal operators had captive purchasers for their goods. However, the availability of rail transportation, mail order products, and the proximity of other local merchants gave miners more choice than has been portrayed. The quality of company store goods was equal to that which could be bought in town. When the miner weighed the price of shipping his purchases from a mail order catalog or local merchant against the price of what could be purchased at the company store, very often, the store ended up


In which year did the Space Shuttle Challenger crash?

Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor | October 16, 2012 01:21pm ET MORE The space shuttle Challenger was one of NASA's greatest triumphs. It was the second shuttle to reach space, in April 1983. It successfully completed nine milestone missions. But Challenger was also NASA's darkest tragedy. On its 10th launch, on Jan. 28, 1986, the shuttle exploded 73 seconds after liftoff, killing the seven crewmembers. The accident changed the space program forever. This full view of Challenger in space was taken by a satellite. A heavily cloud-covered portion of the Earth forms the backdrop for this scene of Challenger in orbit. This image was taken during Challenger's STS-7 mission, which launched on June 18, 1983. Credit: NASA From test vehicle to space vehicle NASA originally intended Challenger to be a test vehicle. Rockwell began building the shuttle in November 1975 and then sent it to Lockheed for structural testing starting on April 2, 1978. According to NASA, computer models at the time were not sophisticated enough to calculate the stresses on the shuttle during different phases of flight. The shuttle, then known as STA-099, went through 11 months of vibration testing in a specially formulated rig. This custom-designed machine could bring the shuttle through a simulation of all phases of flight, from liftoff to landing. Three hydraulic cylinders, each with one million pounds of force, were used as substitute space shuttle main engines. In 1979, NASA awarded Rockwell a supplemental contract to convert the test vehicle to a spacecraft. This would expand the shuttle fleet to two spacecraft, the first one being Columbia . It took two more years for Rockwell to perform the conversion. Among other things, workers had to strengthen the wings, put in a real crew cabin instead of a simulated one, and install heads-up displays for the astronauts working inside. Work completed on Oct. 23, 1981. Delays for the first flight Challenger was expected to go into space on Jan. 20, 1983, to release the first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite , which later became part of a series of satellites that astronauts used to stay in touch with controllers back home. Several technical malfunctions pushed the launch back, though. First, NASA discovered a hydrogen leak in the No. 1 main engine aft compartment during a flight readiness test in December. In a second test on Jan. 25, 1983, NASA discovered cracks in the engine that were causing the leak. The agency then took several months to remove the engines and test them. While engines two and three were deemed healthy, NASA replaced Engine No. 1. A view of the shuttle Challenger's maiden STS-6 launch on April 4, 1983. In this view, Challenger is just clearing the launch pad in a cloud of smoke. Credit: NASA After another delay due to a problem with TDRS, Challenger launched successfully on April 4, 1983, on mission STS-6. Crew members set the satellite free; astronauts Story Musgrave and Donald Peterson also did the first spacewalk of the shuttle program. Cultural and technical firsts Besides the milestones in space technology, Challenger also was the vehicle by which several cultural firsts happened in the space shuttle program. The first American female astronaut, Sally Ride , rode up on Challenger on STS-7 in June 1983.  The first African-American , Guion Bluford, reached space on STS-8. On STS-41G in 1984, two women — Ride and Kathryn Sullivan — flew on one mission for the first time – as well as the first Canadian, Marc Garneau. Other milestones Challenger marked included the first night launch and landing (STS-8) and the first operational Spacelab flight (STS-51B). Spacelab was a European space laboratory that fit into a shuttle's cargo bay and included several experiments designed for tests in microgravity. It flew on Columbia on STS-9 for the first time, but Challenger's mission is considered the first working one. The flying repairman Some of Challenger's most memorable moments took place in Apr


In which year of WWI did allied forces land at Gallipoli?

Battle of Gallipoli - World War I - HISTORY.com Battle of Gallipoli A+E Networks Introduction The Gallipoli Campaign of 1915-16, also known as the Battle of Gallipoli or the Dardanelles Campaign, was an unsuccessful attempt by the Allied Powers to control the sea route from Europe to Russia during World War I. The campaign began with a failed naval attack by British and French ships on the Dardanelles Straits in February-March 1915 and continued with a major land invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula on April 25, involving British and French troops as well as divisions of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC). Lack of sufficient intelligence and knowledge of the terrain, along with a fierce Turkish resistance, hampered the success of the invasion. By mid-October, Allied forces had suffered heavy casualties and had made little headway from their initial landing sites. Evacuation began in December 1915, and was completed early the following January. Google Launch of the Gallipoli Campaign With World War I stalled on the Western Front by 1915, the Allied Powers were debating going on the offensive in another region of the conflict, rather than continuing with attacks in Belgium and France. Early that year, Russia’s Grand Duke Nicholas appealed to Britain for aid in confronting a Turkish invasion in the Caucasus. (The Ottoman Empire had entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers, Germany and Austria-Hungary, by November 1914.) In response, the Allies decided to launch a naval expedition to seize the Dardanelles Straits, a narrow passage connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara in northwestern Turkey. If successful, capture of the straits would allow the Allies to link up with the Russians in the Black Sea, where they could work together to knock Turkey out of the war. Did You Know? In May 1915, Britain's First Sea Lord Admiral John Fisher resigned dramatically over the mishandling of the Gallipoli invasion by First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill. His political capital damaged by the debacle, the future prime minister later resigned his own position and accepted a commission to command an infantry battalion in France. Spearheaded by the first lord of the British Admiralty, Winston Churchill (over the strong opposition of the First Sea Lord Admiral John Fisher, head of the British Navy), the naval attack on the Dardanelles began with a long-range bombardment by British and French battleships on February 19, 1915. Turkish forces abandoned their outer forts but met the approaching Allied minesweepers with heavy fire, stalling the advance. Under tremendous pressure to renew the attack, Admiral Sackville Carden, the British naval commander in the region, suffered a nervous collapse and was replaced by Vice-Admiral Sir John de Robeck. On March 18, 18 Allied battleships entered the straits; Turkish fire, including undetected mines, sank three of the ships and severely damaged three others. Gallipoli Land Invasion Begins In the wake of the failed naval attack, preparations began for largescale troop landings on the Gallipoli Peninsula. British War Secretary Lord Kitchener appointed General Ian Hamilton as commander of British forces for the operation; under his command, troops from Australia, New Zealand and the French colonies assembled with British forces on the Greek island of Lemnos. Meanwhile, the Turks boosted their defenses under the command of the German general Liman von Sanders, who began positioning Ottoman troops along the shore where he expected the landings would take place. On April 25, 1915, the Allies launched their invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula. Despite suffering heavy casualties, they managed to establish two beachheads: at Helles on the peninsula’s southern tip, and at Gaba Tepe on the Aegean coast. (The latter site was later dubbed Anzac Cove, in honor of the Australian and New Zealand troops who fought so valiantly against determined Turkish defenders to establish the beachhead there.) After the initial landing, the Allies were able to make little progress from their in


Which World Heavyweight boxing champion-was known as 'The Cinderella Man'?

James J Braddock - Cinderella Man Boxer - World Heavyweight Boxing Champion 1935 On this day in 1933, Braddock fought Hans Birkie in a 10 round Loss James J. Braddock James J Braddock earned his nickname "Cinderella Man" from his seemingly fairytale like rise from a poor local fighter to the heavyweight boxing champion of the world. Braddock, born in New York City, had a powerful right hand and a successful amateur career. He turned pro in 1926. Braddock had victories over fighters like Jimmy Slattery and Pete Latzo. Braddock fought light heavyweight champ Tommy Loughran in 1929 for the title, but was defeated in a heartbreaking 15-round decision. Following the Loughran fight and the stock market crash of 1929, Jim Braddock was down on his luck. He had a hard time struggling to win fights and put food on the table for his young family. Eventually Jim's luck began to change. In 1934 he had upset wins against Corn Griffin and John Henry Lewis. With these two wins, Braddock set himself up for a shot for the title against heavyweight champion Max Baer. On June 13th, 1935, in Long Island City, N.Y., Braddock, as a 10 to 1 underdog, won the heavyweight championship of the world from Max Baer. The general reaction in most quarters was described as, "the greatest fistic upset since the defeat of John L. Sullivan by Jim Corbett". Braddock would lose his heavyweight title two years later in an 8 round KO to "The Brown Bomber", Joe Louis. He retired after a final win over Tommy Farr in 1938. Jim was inducted into the Ring Boxing Hall of Fame in 1964, the Hudson County Hall of Fame in 1991 and the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2001. © Estate of James J. Braddock, All Rights Reserved Site created and maintained by Swirling


Who was Prime Minister at time of the Battle of Waterloo?

BBC - iWonder - The Duke of Wellington: Forging the 'Iron Duke' The Duke of Wellington: Forging the 'Iron Duke' 1769 Share this on Twitter The 'last great Englishman' The legacy of the Duke of Wellington towers over British history. The hero of Waterloo, vanquisher of Napoleon – poet laureate Alfred Lord Tennyson hailed him as the 'last great Englishman'. Statues still adorn the streets of many British towns and cities while his name has become synonymous with one of Britain's most celebrated victories. So how did Arthur Wellesley become the 'Iron Duke' we remember today? 1769 Universal History Archive/Getty Images Wellington spent much of his childhood at Dangan Castle, Ireland. The future Duke of Wellington was born Arthur Wesley (later changed to Wellesley) around 1 May, third surviving son in an aristocratic Irish family. His father, Garret, was the first earl of Mornington while his mother, Anne, was the eldest daughter of Arthur Hill, first Viscount Dungannon. An unhappy, lonely boy, Wellington exhibited few of the talents that would come to make his name. Lazy and socially awkward, his early schooling was fragmented, his performance uninspired. Only his violin playing showed any real promise. I vow to God I don't know what I shall do with my awkward son Arthur. Anne Wellesley, Countess of Mornington and Wellington's mother 1781 WAVE/Getty Images Eton College viewed from the river, painted in 1786. When Wellington was 12, his father died. That same year he started at Eton with his younger brother, Gerald. Anne, his mother, thought Wellington a slow, foolish child. His exploits at Eton did nothing to dispel that opinion. Frequently unsociable and occasionally aggressive, with little appetite for learning, Wellington was removed from school in 1784. His father's death in 1781 had hit the family's financial standing and another of Wellington's younger brothers, Henry, looked to be a more promising scholar. Wellington followed his mother to Brussels in 1785. Jobs for the boys Print Collector/Getty Images As Wellington was making his way in the army, the French Revolution came to a head, including the storming of the Bastille in 1789. At his family's behest, a career in the military beckoned – few other suitable options existed for such an unpromising young aristocrat. Wellington studied fencing, horsemanship and maths, but remained typically uninterested. His brother’s wealth and influence secured him a number of commissions, first as junior officer in the 73rd Foot and then as aide-de-camp to the lord lieutenant of Ireland. As the French Revolution moved towards its climax, Wellington’s elevation continued, even taking a seat in the Irish parliament. By October 1792 he had held five commissions in six different regiments. Revolution and focus DeAgostini/Getty Images The execution of Louis XVI challenged the established social order not just in France but throughout Europe. Events in France sent shockwaves through Europe. On 21 January King Louis XVI was executed at the guillotine. France had declared her egalitarian principles to be universal. The very fabric of established social order was under threat and by February Britain and France were at war. Wellington had to grow up quickly. He marked his new-found focus by setting aside 'frivolous' things like his violin. In April he joined the 33rd Foot, soon becoming the regiment's commanding officer. This was as far as his brother's influence could take him. He would now have to earn his promotions, on active service. Print Collector/Getty Images British troops attack the French during the Flanders Campaign. Wellington's opportunity came quickly. In 1794 the 33rd Foot was sent to the Netherlands and he fought the French for the first time. Though Wellington won plaudits for his role in the fighting, the Flanders Campaign as a whole was disastrous. By spring 1795 British forces had withdrawn, dejected and demoralised, and were evacuated from Hanover. The French had won, replacing the Dutch Republic with a client state. Wellington's first experience of war had come with th


Name one of the colours on the flag of Ukraine.

Ukraine This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website Ukraine image by Antonio Martins, 17 December 2002 Official Name: Ukraine (Ukrayina) Previous Names: Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Capital: Kyiv Flag adopted : 28 January 1992 Coat of Arms adopted: 3 September 1996 ISO Code: UA From < www.ukraine.online.com.ua >: "The Constitution states that the national symbols of Ukraine shall be the National Flag, the National Emblem and the National Anthem. The Ukrainian flag consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width. The top is blue, the bottom - yellow. Blue and yellow, the colors of the sky, mountains, streams, and golden fields have symbolized Kyivan Rus' long before the introduction of Christianity. With the acceptance of Christianity, blue and gold were incorporated into church symbolism. After the Mongol-Tatar invasion in the 1200's the use of blue/gold was interrupted, to be revived again in church ornaments and city crests some time later. The emblem of the city of Myrhorod, for example, was a gold trident over a blue background. Another city, Pryluky, used the head of an ox in gold over a blue background as its insignia. And in Lubny, the city emblem pictured a hand holding a golden mace over a blue background. The banners of the Cossacks (17th Century) were blue with gold stars, a gold cross, or with pictures of saints rendered in gold. The blue and yellow flag as the national flag of Ukraine by the Supreme Rada in 1992." Dov Gutterman, 10 July 2000 The blue-yellow flag was firstly displayed in Lviv (Lvov, Lemberg) in 1848. Orenburg, for example, have blue-yellow CoA too, But it is not in Ukraine. Banners of Cossacks were different: blue, red, dark-red, green and other. Victor Lomantsov, 10 July 2000 In Sweden there is a story going around, stating that the blue and yellow of Ukraine come from the blue and yellow of Sweden. When King Carl XII of Sweden (he was king 1697-1718) went to war against Peter the Great of Russia, he made allies with the Ukranians, who wanted sovereignity from Russia. The Ukrainians should therefore have taken up the colours of Sweden as their colours. However, I don't know if there is any truth in this story. Elias Granqvist, 10 July 2000 Official text say: BLUE (sinij (rus.) , syni (ukr.)). Unofficially, especially in 1980ths, the colour was light-blue (goluboj (rus), blakitnyj (ukr)). Victor Lomantsov, 19 December 2002 According to Album 2000 [ pay00 ] - National Flag and Naval Jack (CSW/CS- 2:3) - Light blue over yellow bicolour. Željko Heimer, 10 May 2003 Ukrainian state flag was adopted on January 28, 1992 by Decree No 2067-XII of the Verkhovna Rada (=Supreme Council = Parliament). Other dates (January 21, 1992; September 3, 1996) are incorrect. Now the Ministry of Justice prepared new project of law about the State symbols of Ukraine. But it isn't still adopted. Resolution of September 4, 1991 gave only possibility to use Ukrainian National (blue and yellow) flag during the official ceremonies - before the addopting of new State flag. Please note, in former USSR we had the term "State flag". So, in that case "National flag" was not a "State". But final Decree, named "About the State flag of Ukraine" was adopted on January 28, 1992. Number of Decree is 2067-XII. Official publication in "Vidomosti Verkhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny" (Official bulletin of the Supreme Council of Ukraine) was in No. 19 (1992), article 257. 4 September 1991 is the date when blue and yellow flag was first flew at the building of the Supreme Council in Kyiv (together with flag of the former Ukrainian SSR). But Decree of the Presidium of Supreme Council about using of blue and yellow flag was adopted on September 18, 1991 (No 1567-XII). Literally in text: "Allow to use blue and yellow flag in all official ceremonies untill the adopting of Constitution of Ukraine". This Decree doesn't include ratio or other details of flag. De-facto, it abolished former State flag of the Ukrainian SSR, and proclaimed a blue and yellow as temporary official flag. Decree of


Name one of the colours on the flag of Bangladesh.

What does the colors in the Bangladesh flag stand for? What does the colors in the Bangladesh flag stand for? Question asked by Madkilla: What does the colors in the Bangladesh flag stand for? Best answer: Answer by Kaitlyn The background color symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh with its vitality and youthfulness while the red disc represents the rising sun and the sacrifice our people made to obtain our independence. Add your own answer in the comments! Popular search query: September 23rd, 2010 at 1:39 pm The green means the greenery of my dear country, while the red circle in the centre shows the red sun rising over the green country, the red also means, that we respect the red blood sacrifice of so many who died for our country, and put them in the centre of green Bangladesh and our heart. Like or Dislike: Both the answers above are fairly good. However, I got some additional information from internet search those may interest you: Flag adopted 13 January 1972, coat of arms adopted February 1971. The national flag is bottle green in color and rectangular in size with the length to width ratio of 10:6 bearing a red circle on the body of the green. The red circle has a radius of one fifth of the length of the flag. Its center is placed on the middle of the perpendicular drawn from the nine twentieth parts of the flag. The background color symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh with its vitality and youthfulness while the red disc represents the rising sun and the sacrifice our people made to obtain our independence. Prescribed sizes of the flag for buildings are 305cm X 183cm, 152cm X 91cm and 76cm X 46cm and for vehicles are 38cm X 23cm and 25cm X 15cm. The approximate color shades are: Green: CMYK 100-0-70-40, Pantone 342c Red: CMYK 0-100-80-5, no Pantone given. Illustrations by Zeljko Heimer and Zoltán Horváth, courtesy Flags of the World. Like or Dislike: Mail (will not be published) (required) Website Nice Bangladesh photos : Some cool Bangladesh images: BANGLADESH-ELECTION/ I... Nice Bangladesh photos : Some cool Bangladesh images: Child in Bangladesh Slu...   Energy research council to be formed: Taufiq 20 minutes, 13 seconds ago Keywords: bangladesh flag meaning 35 what does the flag of bangladesh mean 9 what does the bangladesh flag mean 9 meaning of bangladesh flag 7 Bangladesh Colors 6 flag of bangladesh and its meaning 5 what does the bangladesh flag stand for 4 bangladesh flag color code 3 bangladesh flag colors meaning 2 what does the bengali flag mean 2 what do the colors on the bangladesh flag mean 2 the meaning of bangladesh flag 2 bangladesh flag cmyk 2 WHAT DOES THE green mean on the BANGLADESH FLAG  2 Colors in the flag of bangladesh 2 bangladesh flag pantone 2 what does the bangladesh flag look like 2 what does bengali flag mean 2 greenflag with a red circle in themiddle which country 1 what colors mean on the bangladesh flag 1 what does the green and red colour stands for in the flag of bangladesh 1 what does the symbols on the bangladesh flag mean 1 what the meaning of red and green flag of bangldesh 1 what the meaning of red and green flag of bangldesh 1 bangladeshian flag meaning (color meaning) 1 Keyword Cloud by Rome Loft Latest News & Blogs from Bangladesh Copyright © 2012 All Rights Reserved


In which Shakespeare play do the characters Duke Frederick and Charles the Wrestler appear?

SparkNotes: As You Like It: Character List As You Like It Plot Overview Analysis of Major Characters Rosalind -  The daughter of Duke Senior. Rosalind, considered one of Shakespeare’s most delightful heroines, is independent minded, strong-willed, good-hearted, and terribly clever. Rather than slink off into defeated exile, Rosalind resourcefully uses her trip to the Forest of Ardenne as an opportunity to take control of her own destiny. When she disguises herself as Ganymede—a handsome young man—and offers herself as a tutor in the ways of love to her beloved Orlando, Rosalind’s talents and charms are on full display. Only Rosalind, for instance, is both aware of the foolishness of romantic love and delighted to be in love. She teaches those around her to think, feel, and love better than they have previously, and she ensures that the courtiers returning from Ardenne are far gentler than those who fled to it. Read an in-depth analysis of Rosalind. Orlando -  The youngest son of Sir Rowland de Bois and younger brother of Oliver. Orlando is an attractive young man who, under his brother’s neglectful care, has languished without a gentleman’s education or training. Regardless, he considers himself to have great potential, and his victorious battle with Charles proves him right. Orlando cares for the aging Adam in the Forest of Ardenne and later risks his life to save Oliver from a hungry lioness, proving himself a proper gentleman. He is a fitting hero for the play and, though he proves no match for her wit or poetry, the most obvious romantic match for Rosalind. Read an in-depth analysis of Orlando. Duke Senior -  The father of Rosalind and the rightful ruler of the dukedom in which the play is set. Having been banished by his usurping brother, Frederick, Duke Senior now lives in exile in the Forest of Ardenne with a number of loyal men, including Lord Amiens and Jaques. We have the sense that Senior did not put up much of a fight to keep his dukedom, for he seems to make the most of whatever life gives him. Content in the forest, where he claims to learn as much from stones and brooks as he would in a church or library, Duke Senior proves himself to be a kind and fair-minded ruler. Jaques -  A faithful lord who accompanies Duke Senior into exile in the Forest of Ardenne. Jaques is an example of a stock figure in Elizabethan comedy, the man possessed of a hopelessly melancholy disposition. Much like a referee in a football game, he stands on the sidelines, watching and judging the actions of the other characters without ever fully participating. Given his inability to participate in life, it is fitting that Jaques alone refuses to follow Duke Senior and the other courtiers back to court, and instead resolves to assume a solitary and contemplative life in a monastery. Read an in-depth analysis of Jaques. Celia -  The daughter of Duke Frederick and Rosalind’s dearest friend. Celia’s devotion to Rosalind is unmatched, as evidenced by her decision to follow her cousin into exile. To make the trip, Celia assumes the disguise of a simple shepherdess and calls herself Aliena. As elucidated by her extreme love of Rosalind and her immediate devotion to Oliver, whom she marries at the end of the play, Celia possesses a loving heart, but is prone to deep, almost excessive emotions. Duke Frederick -  The brother of Duke Senior and usurper of his throne. Duke Frederick’s cruel nature and volatile temper are displayed when he banishes his niece, Rosalind, from court without reason. That Celia, his own daughter, cannot mitigate his unfounded anger demonstrates the intensity of the duke’s hatefulness. Frederick mounts an army against his exiled brother but aborts his vengeful mission after he meets an old religious man on the road to the Forest of Ardenne. He immediately changes his ways, dedicating himself to a monastic life and returning the crown to his brother, thus testifying to the ease and elegance with which humans can sometimes change for the better. Touchstone -  A clown in Duke Frederick’s court who accompanies Rosalind and Ce


Which Labour politician wrote a 1989 autobiography titled The Time of my Life'?

The Time of My Life: Amazon.co.uk: Denis Healey: 9781842751541: Books The Time of My Life Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Paperback Â£20.00 Amazon Prime Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Apple To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. or Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . Product details Publisher: Politico's Publishing Ltd (25 May 2006) Language: English Product Dimensions: 13.4 x 4.8 x 21.4 cm Average Customer Review: Product Description About the Author Dennis Healey was a leading politician and held the major cabinet posts of Defence Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer. He is the author of Healey's Eye, a charming record of his photographic career, My Secret Planet, a linked anthology of his favourite books and poems and When Shrimps Learn to Whistle, a collection of his writings and speeches. In 1945 he married Edna, a distinguished writer in her own right. What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item? 4.5 out of 5 stars 12 Â£13.48 Amazon Prime By Peter Loyden on 22 Jan. 2003 Format: Paperback In his autobiography Denis Healey does not pause to ponder whether, as in the opinion of so many, he is the greatest prime minister Britain never had. But he holds in low regard almost all of those who held the office during his own time in Parliament. Of the leaders whom Healey himself served, the woolly, short-termist Wilson is held in contempt, although Callaghan is admired both for his management of the cabinet and for his integrity: "once prime minister, he had no ambition except to serve his country well". And evidently one of Callaghan's great services to his country was to retain Healey as his Chancellor - a role in which Callaghan himself had failed a decade earlier. The chapters dealing with Healey's labours at the Treasury are at the heart of the book. He figures himself as Hercules cleaning the Augean stables, as he restores stability to the UK economy after Tony Barber's calamitous superintendence of it under Heath. Healey arrived the Treasury in 1974 with no grounding in economics, as he admits, and therefore with an open mind - sceptical in economic theory, as in ideology, of all dogma. But he is a layman with a truly giant intellect, and the book is at its most illuminating as he applies his voracious mind to the evils conjured up by Barber's credit boom and by OPEC's trebling of the world oil price in 1973. A layman in economics, Healey's political training had been in international affairs and defence. The book was written in 1989, unknowingly on the very eve of the revolutions in eastern Europe, and its long treatises on nuclear strategy appear today somewhat dated. Read more ›


Which contemporary US politician wrote an autobiography titled 'Living History'?

Who wrote that political memoir? No, who actually wrote it? - The Washington Post Who wrote that political memoir? No, who actually wrote it? The inside track on Washington politics. Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we’ll e-mail you free updates as they’re published. You’ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. You’re all set! By Paul Farhi June 9, 2014 Follow @farhip Hillary Rodham Clinton has written a new book. Except maybe she hasn’t. It all depends on what the definition of “written” is. The former first lady, U.S. senator and secretary of state had some help on her new memoir, “ Hard Choices .” Clinton employed a phalanx of aides and associates in producing the volume, which is being released Tuesday. But don’t expect to hear much about Clinton’s “book team,” as she calls those who helped her write the book, which carries her name alone on its cover. Clinton’s acknowledgment of her three-man team — Dan Schwerin, a former Senate and State Department aide to Clinton; Ethan Gelber, another State Department aide; and Ted Widmer, a Clinton adviser and Brown University historian — appears in just a few sentences on Page 597 of the 635-page book. Their exact contributions, however, aren’t spelled out. Such is the lot of the ghostwriter. HiIlary Rodham Clinton listens before signing a copy of her book, "Hard Choices" at Barnes and Noble bookstore in New York. (Bebeto Matthews/AP) Actually, many ghostwriters get even less credit. The ghost behind Clinton’s 1996 bestseller, “ It Takes a Village ,” wasn’t credited at all. That prompted complaints from Barbara Feinman Todd, a Georgetown University lecturer and writer who reportedly labored for seven months on the book (she declined to comment). Given how frequently politicians use ghostwriters to churn out their hagiographic campaign books, Feinman’s complaint implicitly raised a question: Is it ethical to pass off the work of someone else as your own? Ghostwriters have been channeling the thoughts of politicians, business executives, celebrities and just plain folk with little or no credit since the days of Cyrano de Bergerac, the 17th-century dramatist who, as a fictionalized character in Edmond Rostand’s 1897 play, anonymously wrote poetry to help another woo his beloved Roxane. The practice has been controversial. In 1957, then-Sen. John F. Kennedy won the Pulitzer Prize for the best-selling “ Profiles in Courage ,” a collection of stories about intrepid Americans throughout history. But questions about Kennedy’s authorship lingered for decades. In 2008, Ted Sorensen, Kennedy’s longtime aide and speechwriter, set the record straight in his autobiography, “ Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History .” Sorensen wrote that he “did a first draft of most chapters” of “Profiles” and “helped choose the words of many of its sentences.” While its title suggests otherwise, “ The Autobiography of Malcolm X ” was a collaboration between the civil rights activist and journalist Alex Haley, who later wrote “ Roots .” Although the story was Malcolm’s, Haley was the researcher, organizer and author of the classic book. Under contractual agreement, however, Haley received an “as told to” cover credit on most, but not all, editions. Using ghosts to produce self-serving political books is so common that the HBO sitcom “ Veep ” satirized it. The program’s lead character, the vice president (Julia Louis-Dreyfus), can barely recognize anything mentioned in her book, which was written by a campaign aide and which she hasn’t read. Since most ghostwriters sign nondisclosure agreements that prohibit them from revealing the extent of their involvement or their remuneration, it’s hard to know whether the putative author had assistance or even did any work. Given such secrecy, the author credits on many books are rarely a guide to who did the actual work. That is, you can’t judge who wrote a book by its cover. Former Treasury secretary Timothy F. Geithner, for example, is listed as the author of “ Stress Test: Reflections on Fi


Give a year in the life of King Louis XIV, the Sun King.

Louis XIV Louis XIV 1638 - 1715 French King Louis XIV was called the Grand Monarch or Sun King. His 72-year reign was the longest in modern European history. Louis was the son of Louis XIII, whom he succeeded at the age of five. During his childhood France was ruled by his mother, and her chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin. In 1660 Louis married Maria Theresa, the daughter of Philip IV of Spain. In 1661 he assumed sole responsibility for government. He initiated an aggressive foreign, particularly against the Dutch; but his major political rivals were the Austrian Habsburgs. From 1665 Louis tried to take possession of the Spanish Netherlands, but later tried to acquire the whole Spanish inheritance, which led to the War of the Spanish Sucession . Louis XIV brought France to its peak of absolute power and his words 'L'etat c'est moi' ('I am the state') express the spirit of a rule in which the king held all political authority. His absolutism brought him into conflict with the Huguenots and the papacy, with damaging repercussions. His many foreign wars became a financial burden, yet his long reign is associated with the greatest age of French culture, symbolized by the Palace of Versailles. www link :


In which US city was the 1968 film 'Bullitt' set?

Bullitt 1968 ( FILMING LOCATION) with shot-for-shot remake car chase - YouTube Bullitt 1968 ( FILMING LOCATION) with shot-for-shot remake car chase Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 20, 2013 FOLLOW ME ON FACEBOOK http://www.facebook.com/pages/On-The-... Bullitt is a 1968 American dramatic thriller film directed by Peter Yates and produced by Philip D'Antoni. It stars Steve McQueen, Robert Vaughn and Jacqueline Bisset. The total time of the car chase scene is 10 minutes and 53 seconds, beginning in the Fisherman's Wharf area at Columbus and Chestnut, followed by Midtown shooting on Hyde and Laguna Streets, with shots of Coit Tower and locations around and on Filbert and University Streets. The scene ends outside the city at the Guadalupe Canyon Parkway in Brisbane. Two 1968 390 V8 Ford Mustang GT fastbacks (325 hp) with four-speed manual transmissions were used for the chase scene, both loaned by the Ford Motor Company to Warner Bros. as part of a promotional agreement. The Mustangs' engines, brakes and suspensions were heavily modified for the chase by veteran car racer Max Balchowsky. Ford also originally loaned two Galaxie sedans for the chase scenes, but the producers found the cars too heavy for the jumps over the hills of San Francisco. They were replaced with two 1968 375 hp 440 Magnum V8-powered Dodge Chargers. The engines in both Chargers were left largely unmodified, but the suspensions were mildly upgraded to cope with the demands of the stunt work.[citation needed] The director called for maximum speeds of about 75--80 miles per hour (121--130 km/h), but the cars (including the chase cars filming) at times reached speeds of over 110 miles per hour (180 km/h). Driver's point-of-view shots were used to give the audience a participant's feel of the chase. Filming took three weeks, resulting in 9 minutes and 42 seconds of pursuit, first of Bullitt by the hitmen then the reverse. Because of multiple takes spliced into a single end product, heavy damage on the passenger side of Bullitt's car can be seen much earlier than the incident producing it and the Charger loses five wheel covers, with different ones missing in different shots. Shooting from multiple angles simultaneously and creating a montage from the footage to give the illusion of different streets also resulted in the speeding cars passing the same cars at several different times. At one point the Charger crashes into the camera in one scene and the damaged front fender is noticeable in later scenes. Local authorities did not allow the car chase to be filmed on the Golden Gate Bridge, but did permit it in Midtown locations including the Mission District, and on the outskirts of neighboring Brisbane.[citation needed] McQueen, an accomplished driver, drove in the close-up scenes, while stunt coordinator Carey Loftin hired stuntman and motorcycle racer Bud Ekins and McQueen's usual stunt driver Loren Janes for the high-speed part of the chase and other dangerous stunts. Ekins, who doubled for McQueen in the The Great Escape sequence where McQueen's character jumps over a barbed wire fence on a motorcycle, also lays one down in front of a skidding truck during the Bullitt chase. The Mustang's interior rear view mirror goes up and down depending on who is driving; when the mirror is up McQueen is visible behind the wheel; when it is down Ekins is driving. The black Dodge Charger was driven by veteran stunt driver Bill Hickman, who both played one of the hitmen and helped with the chase scene choreography. The other hitman was played by Paul Genge, who had ridden a Dodge off the road to his death in an episode of Perry Mason -- "The Case of the Sausalito Sunrise" two years earlier. In a magazine article many years later, one of drivers involved in the chase sequence remarked that the stock Dodge 440s were so much faster than


In which US state was the 1987 film 'The Big Easy' set?

Why is New Orleans Called "the Big Easy"? (with pictures) Why is New Orleans Called "the Big Easy"? Images By: Calee Allen,                Kzenon,                Qingwa,                Iofoto,                n/a Last Modified Date: 13 December 2016 Copyright Protected: These 10 animal facts will amaze you Just about everyone has heard the city of New Orleans, located in Louisiana along the Mississippi River, referred to as "The Big Easy." While the term has been used in everything from literature to sales brochures and even movies, its origins are somewhat obscure. There are actually several theories on how New Orleans came to have the nickname. The nickname may be related to the rich musical heritage of New Orleans. The city has long been a haven for jazz and blues musicians who wanted a place to hone their craft. Legend has it that the earliest use of the Big Easy had to do with the fact that there were so many ways for a good musician to make a living in New Orleans. From performing on the streets and in the parks to playing private parties and in nightclubs, no other American city was said to be so open and so supportive of musical artists. The nickname might have been coined to refer to the ease with which a struggling musician could find work and study music at the same time. Another possible origin for the nickname is connected to the relaxed attitude toward alcohol consumption that was found in New Orleans, even during the days of Prohibition. The city, perhaps more than any other, continued to enjoy an active night life that offered everything from bathtub gins to the finest wines. Anyone who wanted to enjoy a drink or two could easily find something to his or her liking among the many nightspots of New Orleans. The name could. therefore, have referred to the great ease of enjoying an evening with the alcohol of one’s choice. The relatively low cost of living in New Orleans, in comparison to many major US cities, has also been suggested as the origin of the nickname. Musicians were not the only professionals who could easily find work in the city. Coupled with affordable housing and plenty of fresh food and drink, even a modest paycheck would allow a relatively comfortable standard of living. Whatever the origins of the nickname, there is no doubt that references to New Orleans as the Big Easy have increased dramatically since the release of a film of the same name in 1987. Set in New Orleans, the film introduced the culture and atmosphere of the city to many people that only knew it through travelogues. Today, just about everyone knows exactly what is being discussed when they hear the nickname mentioned. Whether conjuring images of an easy lifestyle, plenty of entertainment, or a place where music plays day and night, there is no doubt the Big Easy is now firmly a part of the national vocabulary, and will be for many years to come. Ad anon991306 Post 8 The accents in the movie (as with most shows about New Orleans) totally sucked. It would be nice if they could get it right! anon229051 Post 6 I have lived in New Orleans my entire life (38 years) and for as long as I can remember, it's been referred to as "The Big Easy." It has to do with the jazz and culture of the people (mainly creole) whose demeanor was always "easy going." The movie was given that name because they wanted viewers to know it was about New Orleans! Sheesh, people. Read a book! anon228327 Post 5 I was born and raised in New Orleans and we never called or heard of it called the big easy until that movie came out in '87., for whatever reason. I even heard that there was supposed to be a contest for a nickname, but NOLA already had one. It is called "The Crescent City" and "the city care forgot". And yes, the French Quarter was built on a higher area. icecream17 Post 4 Latte31-To make matters worse, there were few jobs in the area because damaged businesses had to rebuild and that took time. The only area that did not receive too much damage was the French Quarters. Tha


What is the name of the Wiltshire house of the Marquis of Bath?

I'm boycotting my son's wedding to new Lady of Longleat - because he binned my 'fantasy' art, says Lord Bath | Daily Mail Online I'm boycotting my son's wedding to new Lady of Longleat - because he binned my 'fantasy' art, says Lord Bath Row threatens to tear apart one of Britain's most noble families Son Ceawlin, 38, angered 80-year-old after removing murals from family home at Longleat 'I can't believe my own flesh and blood would do this', he fumes He produced the work especially for Ceawlin and sister Lenka when they were children Now fears his infamous art in the home's Karma Sutra room will go too Ceawlin is due to marry Emma McQuiston, 26, in June


What is the standard lap distance in an Olympic velodrome

Track Cycling Guides - Velodrome from Velodrome Shop Your Shopping Cart is Empty What is a Velodrome? A Velodrome is a purpose built arena for Track Racing. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked tracks, consisting of two 180-degree bends connected by two straights. The corner bankings are designed so that, at typical racing speeds, the inertia of the bicycles, the propulsive acceleration provided by the riders, and the gravitation force pulling them towards the bottom of the track are balanced. The bicycles then naturally follow the track around the corner at a constant radial position. This allows the riders to concentrate on matters such as race tactics rather than steering their bicycles significantly. The track length is measured on a special line 20 cm up from the inside of the track. Olympic standard velodromes are minimum 250 metres in circumference. Other velodromes can range from 150 m to 500 m, although 333.33 m is popular. The length of the track multiplied by a round number of laps or half laps should result in 1.000 m. Many older tracks were built around the outside of athletics tracks or other sports grounds and any banking on these was usually quite shallow. The smaller the track the steeper the banking. A 250 m track would bank in a range around 45°, while a 333 m track would bank in a range around 32°. Velodrome tracks are surfaced in wood or smooth concrete; shorter and Olympic are wood, longer are concrete. All tracks must have a standard set of markings: -Between the track centre and the actual track there is the blue band (also called "Cote d'Azur"), minimum 10% of the track width wide. The blue band is not an official part of the track. Riders moving into this space in a race -attempting to make a "shortcut"- are disqualified. -20 cm above the inside of the track is the black measurement line, defining the length of the track. -90 cm above the inside of the track is the redsprinter's line. The zone between the black and red lines is the optimum route around the track, a rider leading in this zone cannot be passed on the inside, other riders are regulated to pass on the longer outside route. -Minimum 250 cm (or half the track width) above inside of the track is the blue stayers' line. This line serves in stayer races (races behind pacemaker-motorbikes) as a separation line. Stayer-riders riding below the blue stayer line may not be overtaken at the inside. In Madison races the released team riders usually "rest" above the blue line cycling slow until the team-partner in the race comes around the track and pushes the idle-partner back into the race. -The finish line is black on white and situated towards the end of the home straight. -Red pursuit lines are marked in exactly the middle of each straight as start and finish line for pursuit races. -A white 200 m line markes the distance of 200 m until the finish line. While outdoor veldromes used to be the norm, new velodromes tend to be indoor venues, particuarly if they are to be used for high-level competition. A velodrome will usually be among the facilities constructed for major events such as the Olympics or Commonwealth Games.


Who was British Prime Minister at the time of the accession of Elizabeth II?

Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee: Year In Review 2012 | Elizabeth II | Britannica.com Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent On Feb. 6, 2012, Queen Elizabeth II reached the 60th anniversary of her accession to the British throne, a milestone that was followed in June (to coincide with her June 2, 1953, coronation) by four days of national celebration, including two days’ public holiday, to formally commemorate her Diamond Jubilee. Despite wet weather in London—and an infection that caused the queen’s 90-year-old husband, Prince Philip, to be admitted to the hospital and miss an open-air concert held outside Buckingham Palace (the queen’s main residence in London) and a special service of thanksgiving that was held in St. Paul’s Cathedral—the occasion attracted huge interest throughout the country and, polls showed, reinforced the queen’s already high popularity. The man-powered portion of the 1,000-boat river pageant flotilla, led by the £1 million … David Jones—Press Association/AP On June 5, 2012, the final day of festivities surrounding Queen Elizabeth II’s Diamond Jubilee, the … Toby Melville—Reuters/Landov This official portrait of Queen Elizabeth II in her coronation robes was taken in 1953 by Sir Cecil … V&A Images/Alamy Queen Elizabeth II of Britain and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge, visit Leicester, Eng., on March … Andy Rain—EPA/Landov Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was born to Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, on April 21, 1926. She became heir presumptive in December 1936 when her father ascended to the throne as King George VI after the abdication of his brother, Edward VIII . She was in Kenya with her husband, Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh , when news arrived on Feb. 6, 1952, that her 56-year-old father had died. She returned to Britain to be greeted by Winston Churchill , her first prime minister. The elderly war leader and the young queen presided over a Britain that still ruled an empire abroad but was economically enfeebled at home. In a country that was scarred and bankrupted by war and subject to food rationing, few people had cars or television sets or had ever traveled by air, and nonwhite faces were rare. Over the following six decades, Britain changed almost beyond recognition, yet the queen provided a rock of stability that most people told pollsters they welcomed. Elizabeth II and coronation guests, June 2, 1953. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Walter Bagehot , the influential 19th-century constitutional theorist, famously said of Britain’s monarchy: “We must not let in daylight upon magic.” One remarkable achievement of Elizabeth II’s 60 years as queen was that she managed to let in just enough daylight to satisfy an era of expanding democracy, increasing scrutiny, and declining deference—but not so much that she lost the loyalty of her people in the United Kingdom or the 15 other Commonwealth countries of which she was head of state in 2012. Britannica Lists & Quizzes Editor Picks: Exploring 10 Types of Basketball Movies To say that Elizabeth has become the latest in a long line of popular monarchs, however, would be wrong. The monarchical institution had frequently been rocked by scandal and was prone to mockery. Its modern positive reputation was established as recently as World War II, when the royal family remained in London during the Blitz, and Elizabeth, as an 18-year-old, joined the Women’s Auxiliary Territorial Service and trained as a driver and mechanic. By the time she became queen at age 25, she was already the mother of two children ( Charles and Anne), and her strong-willed husband was admired for having served in Britain’s Royal Navy with courage and distinction during the war. During her reign sons Andrew and Edward were born. In some respects Elizabeth made the monarchy less formal and remote. In 1958, for example, she ceased attending the annual Queen Charlotte’s Ball, where some 150 17- or 18-year-old girls from Britain’s richest families had traditionally presented themselves to the monarch. She sent her children to school (albeit exclusive pr


According to Greek mythology how often does a Phoenix rise from the ashes of its predecessor?

Rising like a phoenix from the ashes - definition of rising like a phoenix from the ashes by The Free Dictionary Rising like a phoenix from the ashes - definition of rising like a phoenix from the ashes by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/rising+like+a+phoenix+from+the+ashes Also found in: Thesaurus , Legal , Encyclopedia . Phoenix The capital and largest city of Arizona, in the south-central part of the state northwest of Tucson. Founded in the 1860s on the site of an ancient Hohokam settlement, it became territorial capital in 1889 and state capital in 1912. phoe·nix also phe·nix  (fē′nĭks) n. 1. Mythology A bird in Egyptian mythology that lived in the desert for 500 years and then consumed itself by fire, later to rise renewed from its ashes. 2. A person or thing of unsurpassed excellence or beauty; a paragon. 3. Phoenix A constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near Tucana and Sculptor. [Middle English fenix, from Old English and Old French, both from Medieval Latin fēnix, from Latin phoenix, from Greek phoinix.] phoenix phenix n 1. (Classical Myth & Legend) a legendary Arabian bird said to set fire to itself and rise anew from the ashes every 500 years 2. a person or thing of surpassing beauty or quality [Old English fenix, via Latin from Greek phoinix; identical in form with Greek Phoinix Phoenician, purple] Phoenix n, Latin genitive Phoenices (ˈfiːnɪˌsiːz) (Celestial Objects) a constellation in the S hemisphere lying between Grus and Eridanus Phoenix (ˈfiːnɪks) n (Placename) a city in central Arizona, capital city of the state, on the Salt River. Pop: 1 388 416 (2003 est) phoe•nix (ˈfi nɪks) n. 1. (sometimes cap.) a fabulous bird that after a life of five or six centuries immolates itself on a pyre and rises from the ashes to begin a new cycle of years: often an emblem of immortality or of reborn idealism or hope. 2. a person or thing that has been restored after suffering calamity or apparent annihilation. [before 900; Middle English, Old English fenix < Latin phoenīx < Greek phoînīx] Phoe•nix the capital of Arizona, in the central part. 1,159,014. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Phoenix - the state capital and largest city located in south central Arizona; situated in a former desert that has become a prosperous agricultural area thanks to irrigation Arizona , Grand Canyon State , AZ - a state in southwestern United States; site of the Grand Canyon 2. genus Phoenix liliopsid genus , monocot genus - genus of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed Arecaceae , family Arecaceae , family Palmaceae , family Palmae , palm family , Palmaceae , Palmae - chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines usually having a tall columnar trunk bearing a crown of very large leaves; coextensive with the order Palmales 3. phoenix - a legendary Arabian bird said to periodically burn itself to death and emerge from the ashes as a new phoenix; according to most versions only one phoenix lived at a time and it renewed itself every 500 years mythical being - an imaginary being of myth or fable 4.


In which 18th century war were the battles of Dettingen and Fontenoy?

Will ye go to Flanders: Dettingen, Fontenoy, Assietta, Mollwitz, Hohenfriedberg Dettingen, Fontenoy, Assietta, Mollwitz, Hohenfriedberg THE book on the War of the Austrian Succession in English! Most wargamers will be familiar with at least some of these names, battles that made up the War of the Austrian Succession- or the First and Second Silesian War as it was known regarding the Prussian and Austrian rivalry over the province of Silesia. The War of the Austrian Succession involved all the "heavy-weights" that we associate with the 18th C.- the Prussians, Austrians, French and British. But it was also a war that was waged in Italy involving Spain, Piedmont-Savoy and again France & Austria (two-front wars are never a good idea, mind). It also took in Hanover, Holland, Bavaria, Saxony, and a myriad of smaller states. Even the Russians got involved toward the end, and although they came in too late to see any fighting it was their first appearance on the Western European scene. They would be back. There were some fascinating characters, too. The Austrians Khevenhuller and Traun; the canny Charles Emmanuel III of Savoy; Der Alte Dessauer; George II and his son the (hapless) Duke of Cumberland; the far more energetic Lord Ligonier; France's Marshal de Saxe, arguably perhaps the greatest general of the 18th Century; and of course the celebrated Frederick the Great of Prussia. I have neither the inclination nor the time to go into a general history of the war on this blog. For an overview you could do a lot worse than to start here - and to find a copy of Reed Browning's invaluable book. But as a wargaming period, the War of the Austrian Succession has always had the misfortune to be squeezed on the one hand between the War of the Spanish Succession at the turn of the century, and the later Seven Years' War (or Third Silesian War for the more serial-minded) on the other. Both of which- but particularly the Seven Years' War- seem to have garnered more attention over the years amongst wargamers. But the War of the Austrian Succession was no mere interlude, and was a very large- and nasty- affair in its own right. Tactically and in arms and equipment, there were nuances which make it distinct from both the WSS and the SYW. But for me, the most interesting aspect of the war was the conflict between the army of Louis XV of France on the one side, and the coalition of Austrian, British, Dutch, Hanoverian and the minor German forces that made up the wonderfully-named Army of the Pragmatic Sanction on the other. This was the alliance created to uphold Maria Theresa's right to the throne of Austria and Hungary and to restore her husband's position as Holy Roman Emperor over rival claims to the title- and in doing so help to contain the power and influence of France. This blog will highlight some of the battles that were fought by the Army of the Pragmatic Sanction, and on reproducing them on the wargames table. In addition, it will feature orders of battle and uniforms as well as any other relevant facts and snippets of information concerning the War of the Austrian Succession that I happen to come across in my voyages into the 1740's. I'll confess from the start that my interest mainly lies in the Dettingen campaign and in the Flanders theatre (as you may guess from the title!), but I'm more than happy to discuss other theatres of war as well. Posted by Robert at


A 'Winter Nelis' is a variety of which fruit?

Winter Nelis | fruit | Britannica.com Winter Nelis THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Learn about this topic in these articles:   in pear ...far the most widely grown pear variety is Williams’ Bon Chrétien, known in the United States as Bartlett. In the United States and Canada, varieties such as Beurré Bosc, D’Anjou, and Winter Nelis are grown. A highly popular variety in England and the Netherlands is Conference. Common Italian varieties include Curato, Coscia, and Passe Crassane, the latter also being popular in...


In which seaside town in the UK was a statue of a naked woman called Verity by Damien Hirst unveiled in 2012?

The bump on the beach arrives! Damien Hirst¿s 65ft statue of a pregnant woman is put in place at seaside town | Daily Mail Online It would be fair to say that modern art isn't everybody's cup of tea. And it seems this is particularly the case in the seaside town of Ilfracombe, Devon. A controversial Damien Hirst statue of a pregnant woman wielding a sword was erected in the quaint town today. And it led to extremely mixed reviews from the locals. Scroll down for video Her good side: A woman stops to look at Damien Hirst's controversial bronze sculpture of a half-flayed pregnant woman Towering: The sculpture was erected in Ilfracombe, Devon, earlier this week The 67ft bronze sculpture, called Verity, was put up on the pier at 3pm, after Hirst loaned the piece to the town for 20 years. It was installed on the harbour, with full planning permission from North Devon Council, despite 100 letters of objection. Verity, described by Hirst as a 'modern allegory of truth and justice', carries the scales of justice and is standing on a plinth of law books. 'A modern allegory of truth and justice': The appropriately-named Verity stands on a pile of law books and carried the scales and sword of justice The naked pregnant figure holds a sword and has part of her anatomy exposed - a baby visible in the womb. Locals have been divided by the sculpture - with some branding it 'ugly' and others praising it as a new initiative to boost tourism. The giant statue had been waiting in the town since the early hours of Monday morning - when it arrived on the back of a truck - for good weather. Standing tall: Damien Hirst's 67-foot bronze statue of a pregnant woman - called Verity - looks out over the sea from Ilfracombe, Dorset Night and day: Hirst has loaned the collosus to Ilfracombe, where it will stand for the next 20 years Today, Verity was erected in the town, where Hirst lives and owns a restaurant, at 3pm. Mike Edmunds, councillor at North Devon Council, from Ilfracombe, said he saw the controversial statue as a way of boosting tourism. He said: 'We need to have a second string to our bow. Controversial: Since it was erected on Tuesday, the statue has attracted widely mixed reviews from the locals Feat of engineering: It took cranes and heavy lifting gear to move the 25-tonne bronze into place 'We’ve relied, as a holiday resort, on our natural charm and beauty, but that’s not enough in the present day. 'Hotels are closing, so we’ve got to do something to boost the economy and we’re looking at the arts as a way of encouraging visitors. 'Art divides people, and the one thing about Verity is that because it is so controversial it will attract people to the town. 'Disgusting': Some commentators have been offended by the statue's depiction of anatomy Inspiration: The pose of the statue is taken from paintings and sculptures by the French artist Degas I can’t see in my own mind why there was such an outcry that it was so offensive.' Verity, who stands at 20.25m from plinth to sword tip, is slightly taller than the Angel of the North and weighs more than 25 tonnes. Her stance is taken from Edgar Degas’ Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, which was first referenced by Hirst in his 2005 bronze Virgin Mother. The statue was made in more than 40 individual castings at Pangolin Editions foundry in Gloucestershire. It is made from stainless steel and bronze, with the sword and upper arm from a single piece of fibre glass reinforced with polymer. Wind tunnel testing was carried out to ensure the statue will be able to withstand high winds and sea spray. Slowly does it: After being transported to the pier on a flatbed truck, the statue was lifted upright On the way up: Verity is painstakingly inched into place Up she rises! The colossus stands tall at last North Devon Council received 100 letters of objection and 177 letters of support of Verity before it passed the planning application this summer. One objector was Sue Dale, owner of Ilfracombe’s Darnley Hotel, who is relieved her guests will not have a view of the statue. She said: 'I think


Which fish is traditionally used in the Cornwall dish 'Stargazy Pie'?

Cookbook:Stargazy Pie - Wikibooks, open books for an open world Cookbook:Stargazy Pie Stargazy Pie – a rich fish pie from Cornwall in the United Kingdom . Stargazy pie, with sardines looking skywards before it is baked in the oven The Wikipedia photo (shown) implies that rather than a two or three inch high"desert" pie tin one should use a pie dish that could be called a casserole dish. As many fresh Herrings, Pilchards or Mackerel to fill your dish Sufficient pastry to cover your dish Scale, clean & bone the fish, retaining heads. Season inside each with salt, pepper & parsley, roll neatly. Butter dish, & sprinkle a thick layer of breadcrumbs on. Lay in some of the fish, then alternate breadcrumbs & fish until dish is full. Cover with rashers. Beat eggs with vinegar, pour into pie, or use cream. Cover with pastry. Arrange heads on pastry, so as they are looking up (to the stars). Bake in a hot oven. Serve with a sprig of parsley in mouth of each fish.


Who is the only Rugby Union player to have won the BBC Sports Personality of the Year?

Sports Personality of the Year 2014: as it happened - Telegraph Sports Personality of the Year Sports Personality of the Year 2014: as it happened SPOTY 2014 - All the latest news, views, results and reaction from the BBC  Sports Personality of the Year awards in Glasgow on Sunday, December 14, 2014 Nominees: Which of the 10 candidates would you choose? Photo: GETTY IMAGES/ REUTERS - Lewis Hamilton wins Sports Personality of the Year - McIlroy 2nd, Pavey 3rd - Young Sports Personality of the year: gymnast Claudia Fragapane - Coach of the Year: Paul McGinley - Team of the Year: England women's rugby union team - Overseas Sports Personality of the Year: Cristiano Ronaldo - Poll: See who you would like to win the Sports Personality prize Latest WRAP: So there we are. It's not been a vintage year for British sport, unless it took place on snow or ice. Golf fans will naturally be up in arms, and for more reasons than one - Paul McGinley a coach, anyone? But there was real warmth for Lewis Hamilton: a genuine guy who perhaps needs our love a little more than he lets on. And whatever you think of the result, I'm sure we can all agree on one thing: thank god it's all over for another year. Thanks for reading, goodnight! 22.38 Ian Poulter's not having this. He's mad as hell and he's not going to take this any more. Related Articles Golf, not Rory McIlroy, has lost its popularity 16 Dec 2014 &lt;noframe&gt;Twitter: Ian Poulter - Obsolutely ridiculous that &lt;a href="http://www.twitter.com/McIlroyRory" target="_blank"&gt;@McIlroyRory&lt;/a&gt; has not won Sports Personality 2014. Huge respect to &lt;a href="http://www.twitter.com/LewisHamilton" target="_blank"&gt;@LewisHamilton&lt;/a&gt; but come on.&lt;/noframe&gt; 22.33 Hamilton's the first motorsport winner since Damon Hill in 1996. He's the first non-white winner since 2004. And whatever you think of Formula One, he wasn't born into a mililionaire's penthouse in Monaco. He started out in a council estate in Stevenage. I mean, Stevenage. 22.31 Right, everyone. Let's never speak of any of this again. 22.30 Let the backlash begin... &lt;noframe&gt;Twitter: Michael Vaughan - Not having that at all.... &lt;a href="http://www.twitter.com/McIlroyRory" target="_blank"&gt;@McIlroyRory&lt;/a&gt; should have won ...&lt;/noframe&gt; 22.29 Lewis is in "humble" mode tonight. "I want to say a huge thank you to all the people that called it. I really was not expecting it. I couldn't have done it without my amazing team. My dad who had four jobs just to get me go-karting, and never gave up on me." 22.28 First person complaining Formula One isn't a real sport in 3... 2... 1... 22.27 And the winner is... LEWIS HAMILTON. 22.26 Second place... Rory McIlroy. Shock! 22.26 Third place... Jo Pavey. 22.25 Right. So. Here we are. A mere six to eight months after we started, we're going to find out who's going to win. Kenny Dalglish and Jonny Wilkinson to present the main award. 22.24 He's still going. For a man who based his entire career on speed, Chris Hoy really does go on a bit. 22.23 OK this is very nice but CAN YOU PLEASE GET ON WITH IT NOW. 22.22 "When I was growing up," Hoy says, "I thought sporting chapions were just born sporting champions. I thought they were a different breed to the rest of us. But with hard graft, you can achieve amazing things." 22.19 Naturally, we're running a bit late. The main award was supposed to be announced at 22.16. And most of those extra minutes have gone into the standing ovation for Sir Chris Hoy, which was really quite something. He's on the verge of tears. 22.18 Matt Law, as usual, is spot on. &lt;noframe&gt;Twitter: Matt Law - Sports Personality of Year has basically highlighted that British women have massively outperformed men this year. Women's sport v strong&lt;/noframe&gt; 22.17 It is, of course, the Honourable, Most Esteemed, Right Reverend, Lord Sir Chris Hoy! 22.16 Lifetime achievement award time. "Here in Glasgow, there's a velodrome named in his honour


The Voice (UK) judge Will. I. Am was a vocalist in which group?

BBC One - The Voice UK, Series 1 - will.i.am The Voice UK Read more about sharing. will.i.am Multi-platinum selling artist, producer and hit-maker, will.i.am, has a unique eye for talent. And on The Voice UK, he’s back to find the nation’s next top vocalist. After helping last year’s finalist Tyler James achieve chart success, Will is seeking to add another protégé to his glittering list. He’s focused on finding someone he can guide to the same lofty heights of success as Fergie and LMFAO I'm going to fight for great singers to join my team so I can fight for them will.i.am As the founder and front man of The Black Eyed Peas, Will has sold 31 million albums and 58 million singles worldwide and brings a wealth of experience and knowledge with him to the Voice chair. The seven-time Grammy Award winner has worked with some of the biggest names in the entertainment industry, including Michael Jackson, Rihanna, Usher, Nicki Minaj, Cheryl Cole, Britney Spears, David Guetta and film composer Hans Zimmer. In the last year, he’s performed for the Queen, sent a song to Mars and, most recently, broken iTunes records by making ‘Scream & Shout’ the first song to hit number one in 53 countries.


What is the main metallic element in pewter?

What Is Pewter Used For? | eHow What Is Pewter Used For? Image by Flickr.com, courtesy of Athena Flickr Pewter is one of the oldest metal alloys, first appearing in the 11th century. It was first used for church vessels and then as cauldrons for cooking over open fireplaces. It is still used today in various household, decorative, and utilitarian items. Household Items Pewter is used to make many household items such as utensils, dinnerware, trays, goblets, steins, and serving pieces. Decor Many decorative items are made of pewter. Examples include candlesticks, vases, dinner bells, napkin rings, wastebaskets, picture frames and desk accessories. Pewter picture frame. Building materials Pewter is a popular material in the building trades. It is found in lighting fixtures, counter tops, fireplace inserts and mantles and striping tape. It is also seen in outdoor furniture and other structures. Pewter lighting fixture. Jewelry and accessories Pewter is seen abundantly in the form of jewelry and other personal accessories like key rings, pins and badges or cuff links. Sporting goods A versatile material, pewter is also found in sporting goods such as fishing flies and flashlight bodies. Modern pewter The oldest forms of pewter had a base of tin with quantities of lead. This composition makes it unsafe for use in food storage or serving or for anything that will have direct contact with the skin. Newer forms of pewter are made with tin and copper or other metals that are safe for human consumption or contact.