Writer and film director Kathryn Bigelow was married between 1989-91 to which film director, a winner of the Oscar for Best Director?

'Zero Dark Thirty': Kathryn Bigelow and Mark Boal's Unorthodox Relationship | Hollywood Reporter COMMENTS Joe Pugliese Among THR's 2012 Rule Breakers, the elusive Bigelow says she's "actually very shy," while details from the "Zero Dark Thirty" set reveal a surprising seat at the table for her relatively new screenwriter-producer partner, who confesses to a "sharp-elbowed personality." This story first appeared in the Jan. 10, 2013, issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine. Shooting in a Jordanian prison, Jessica Chastain burst into tears. The set of Zero Dark Thirty, a gritty tale of the hunt for Osama bin Laden, was proving unusually challenging. As the production hopscotched from Jordan to India to England to Pakistan, the cast and crew were frustrated not only by the difficult subject matter and a challenging, secretive environment but also by sometimes-conflicting instructions from director Kathryn Bigelow and writer-producer Mark Boal. The 39-year-old Boal, working as screenwriter and producer on only his second movie, was so abrasive that sources say Chastain, who plays CIA operative Maya, once considered leaving the project. (Chastain disputes that, saying her tears resulted from the stress of the prison setting and "the responsibility of playing this woman that I couldn't talk about.") PHOTOS: 2012's Biggest Rule Breakers: 'Walking Dead,' Psy, Quentin Tarantino and 7 Others Who Rocked the Status Quo What struck some observers, however, was the degree to which the 61-year-old Bigelow, the only woman to win an Academy Award for best director, listened to her far younger and less experienced partner. Chastain denies that a request to meet with Bigelow privately was rebuffed, but at least once, according to an on-set source, filming for the day was halted while Boal, Bigelow, Chastain and the film's financier, Oracle heiress Megan Ellison, worked to smooth matters over. Ellison, too, was upset at Boal's treatment of her -- surprising, considering she put up $45 million to back the project. Today, Boal insists his relationships with Chastain and Ellison are good, though he acknowledges some "spirited discussions" on the set. "I'm fully aware of the fact that I can have sharp elbows," he says. But he notes Ellison and Chastain both enjoyed working with him, adding, "That isn't to say I'm always warm and fuzzy." Despite their unorthodox partnership, Boal and Bigelow are among Hollywood's most daring and artistically respected filmmakers -- rule breakers in every sense of the phrase. Collaborators since 2003, their 2009 film The Hurt Locker swept up six Oscars, including best picture. Few believed lightning could strike twice, yet with Zero Dark Thirty, they again are in the hunt for major awards recognition, scoring top honors from the New York Film Critics Circle and four Golden Globe nominations and driving a national dialogue about the effectiveness of torture and the veracity of its depiction. STORY: Hollywood Reporter Reveals 2012 Rule Breakers With 4 Covers Sony Pictures co-chairman Amy Pascal notes that Bigelow and Boal have "a unique partnership, very unusual" and calls Zero Dark Thirty "a staggering achievement." The duo simultaneously seem to seek and repel Hollywood's embrace. They are widely admired for their talent and have created one of the most exciting film partnerships in recent memory. But, with Boal more comfortable out front, they also have a reputation for antagonizing cast and crew and alienating important allies. None of which necessarily matters in Hollywood if they continue delivering these types of results. Right now, they are in full campaign mode, appearing at screenings and on television, granting one interview after another. But in most press about the intensely private duo, you will find about as much backstory as they gave their Zero Dark Thirty protagonist, Chastain's Maya -- which is to say, almost none. Tall and beautiful, Bigelow, a native of San Carlos, Calif., is one of only a few female directors in the action-picture game. Until she teamed with Boal on Hurt Locker -- a project b


Which German city is the state capital of Saxony? Its famous Frauenkirche celebrates the 10th anniversary of its restoration in 2015.

Discover Germany, Issue 31, October 2015 by Scan Group - issuu issuu MICHAEL STICH GERMAN TENNIS ICON BIG WEDDING SPECIAL FOCUS ON SAXONY, SAXONY-ANHALT & THURINGIA FASHION, DESIGN & CULTURE T H E M AG A Z I N E P R O M OT I N G G E R M A N Y, S W I T Z E R L A N D & A U ST R I A Discover Germany | Contents 6 56 Michael Stich Nane Steinhoff talks to German tennis icon Michael Stich. Read all about the former Wimbledon champion’s life after putting the racket down (well, almost) and focussing on charity. 58 Architecture & Design Be amazed by the latest exciting architectural projects and the creative minds behind these clever ideas. 60 74 Planning My Fabulous Wedding 2016 All you need to know to make the best day of your life absolutely fabulous. REGULARS & COLUMNS 10 12 Hotel of the Month With 140 years of tradition, Hotel Seehof in Swiss Davos is the number one address for luxurious holidays. Culture A journey through the most charming places not to miss in winter. Business Legal expert Gregor Kleinknecht explains corporate responsibility. Plus smart energy solutions and great German law firms. 89 Culture Calendar Save the date! Discover Germany’s culture calendar is your perfect guide to what not to miss in October. Wine & Dine Find out where to stay for great hospitality, charming hosts, mesmerising food and great wine. 56 84 Fashion Discover the power of red. Seductive, passionate and vibrant, red is the new designer’s darling. 53 Design Clever little gadgets and hand-picked design highlights for home and office use. FEATURES 51 Your Perfect Wedding Newly-wed writer Elisabeth Doehne shares great tips to keep in mind when planning your wedding. Top Winter Destinations Looking for a great winter holiday retreat? Check out these places for skiing, snowboarding, sledging or just enjoying a relaxing spa time. 74 Top Destination of the Month Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt & Thuringia Discover the beauty and the charm of these three states in the heart of Germany. Now is the time to visit! 66 51 Discover the stunning Glücksburg Castle, which is often referred to as ‘the cradle of European aristocracy’. SPECIAL THEMES 30 Attraction of the Month The Kunsthalle Mannheim offers an impressive homage to art nouveau and is one of the most respected civic art collections in Germany. 94 Barbara Geier This month our columnist Barbara Geier shares her very own opionion about a German tennis hero. Issue 31 | October 2015 | 3 Gourmet & Spa Hotel Cervosa Laura Hummer Noura Draoui Stefan Cameron Vanessa Stromberg Published by Scan Magazine Ltd. Cover Photo Welcome to the October issue of Discover Germany. While all eyes are focussed on the Rugby World Cup here in England, the German speaking regions are completely unaffected by the world’s third-largest sport event. Still, we decided to give this issue a sporty touch. In our star interview the wonderful and incredibly charming tennis icon Michael Stich talks about having won Wimbledon, life in Hamburg and how he tirelessly engages into charitable work. Action Press/REX Shutterstock Design & Print Liquid Graphic Ltd. Advertising info@discovergermany.com Discover Germany is published by: Creative Director Mads E. Petersen SCAN GROUP Scan Magazine Ltd. 15B Bell Yard Mews Bermondsey Street London SE1 3TY United Kingdom Editor Tina Awtani Art Director Svetlana Slizova Feature Writer Phone +44 (0)870 933 0423 info@discovergermany.com Nane Steinhoff Copy-Editor We also take a closer look at design and architecture this month, presenting fabulous fashion, accessory and product designers as well as renowned architects and their latest projects. Our regional focus takes us to Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia this month, plus we reveal a few top tips for the upcoming winter holidays. If you are planning to tie the knot in 2016, do not miss out on this month’s large wedding special, which is full of inspiration for your big day. There is definitely a lot to get excited about in this issue. Over here, it will be exciting times until 31 October when the finalists will battle it out in Twickenham, the ‘home o


Which 2008 Pixar film is about a robot left abandoned on an uninhabited Earth to deal with the waste and rubbish that caused mankind to leave?

BrothersJudd Blog: June 2008 Archives WALL-E a winner for Pixar (Reuters, June 30, 2008) Animation giant Pixar hit the box office jackpot once again yesterday as its robot love story WALL-E snagged the No. 1 spot during its first weekend of release across North America. The movie, bolstered by near-unanimous critical praise, earned an estimated $62.5 million in its first three days, said Pixar's Walt Disney Co parent. Took the boys this afternoon and Brother Dryfoos--who phoned in his review last week, after taking his son-had this one nailed: while there's much talk of the environmental theme and the saccharine robot love story, the crux of the film is the eternal choice of security or freedom. Indeed, properly considered, the film is a re-enactment of the Fall and, while you aren't likely to read it in Disney press material, Wall-E is Satan. (I'll put the rest in the extended entry, just in case the explanation contains spoilers.) Humankind has been floating around in space for 700 years, but is unbothered by the fact because they are taken care of by machines. They live in lounge chairs, staring into electronic screens, a giant drink in their fists at all time. They have perfect security. Meanwhile, Wall-E gives Eve, a probe that the human spaceship sends out, the first bit of plant life that he's come across in all those years. When she returns to the ship with this tree of knowledge, the previously indolent and uninterested captain suddenly becomes insatiably curious about Earth and determines to return. The humans follow through on this exercise in newly rediscovered free will despite the sorry state of Earth when they arrive there. The captain even going so far as to say: "I don't want to survive. I want to live." The film ends with him showing people how they'll farm and raise crops to feed themselves--Cain-like--rather than just accept the bounty that's provided. Thus is Eden forsaken...yet again.


Which of Shakespeare's plays is concerned with the efforts of Baptista to find husbands for his daughters, Bianca and her sister?

Dutiful Daughters and Willful Nieces Dutiful Daughters, Willful Nieces: The Empowerment of Women in Shakespearean Comedy In Shakespeare�s comedies, many � possibly even most - of the female characters are portrayed as being manipulated, if not controlled outright, by the men in their lives: fathers, uncles, suitors, husbands.� And yet, there are women inhabiting Shakespeare�s comedic world who seem to enjoy a greater degree of autonomy and personal power than one would expect in a patriarchal society. �Superficially, therefore, Shakespeare�s comedies appear to send mixed signals regarding the notion of female empowerment.� Some women are strong and independent, others are completely submissive, and the behavior of either seems to be influenced more by theme or plot than by any qualities within the characters themselves. A closer look, though, should make it evident that this is not the case; as in many of Shakespeare�s plays, appearances can be deceiving.� In some cases, the exterior behavior is a deliberate fa�ade to mask the character�s real feelings; in others, it is an acculturated veneer that is burned away as a result of the play�s events.� Despite their outward appearances, though, most of these comedic women belong to one of two opposing archetypes.� An examination of these archetypes allows the reader to see past such deceptions to the real personality beneath.   The �Daughter� and �Niece� Archetypes Within Shakespeare�s comedies, many of the female characters are portrayed as submissive and easily controlled.� Like dutiful daughters, these women submit to patriarchal repression with little complaint. Perhaps the best example of a �daughter� character in Shakespearean comedy is the role of Hero in Much Ado About Nothing.� Hero is completely under the control of her father Leonato, especially with regard to courtship.� When, in Act Two, Leonato believes that Don Pedro may seek Hero�s hand in marriage, he orders Hero to welcome the prince�s advances despite the difference in their ages: �Daughter, remember what I told you.� If the Prince do solicit you in that kind, you know your answer� (II.i.61-3).� Thus we see that Leonato controls not only Hero�s actions, but even her words as well. In fact, Hero is so thoroughly repressed by the male-dominated society in which she lives that she submits not only to her father�s will, but to that of nearly every other man in the play.� She is easily wooed and won by Don Pedro posing as Claudio (II.i.80-93).� She is just as easily undone in a single speech when Claudio pronounces her an adulteress (IV.i.30-41).� Even Don John, through his nefarious schemes, is able to manipulate Hero, very nearly to her death.� Despite the influence of the more liberated Beatrice in her life, Hero shows no sign of acting under her own volition anywhere in the play. Unlike Hero, however, other female characters in Shakespeare�s comedies do not submit easily to the will of a patriarchal character, or indeed, that of any man.� Just as Much Ado About Nothing presents us, in Hero, with the very model of a dutiful �daughter� character, so it delineates the archetypical �niece� character, the quick-witted Beatrice.� The �merry war� (I.i.58) she wages with Benedick may showcase her character to best advantage, but it is clear from the first scene of the play that Beatrice does not easily submit to the commands or beliefs of any man. In fact, it often seems that Beatrice would liberate her cousin Hero from patriarchal repression as well.� While virtually every main character in the play is conspiring to arrange Hero�s marriage, Beatrice counsels Hero to follow her own desires, despite contemporary custom: [I]t is my cousin�s duty to make curtsy and say, �Father, as it please you.�� But yet for all that, cousin, let him be a handsome fellow, or else make another curtsy and say, �Father, as it please me� (II.i.49-52).   Beatrice�s willfulness continues even through the final scene of the play.� Despite her earlier vows to requite Benedick�s love (III.i.109-16), when he at last proposes, she makes sure to


Nuclear-powered, named after a famous Frenchman and launched in 1994, which is the French navy's only aircraft carrier?

France - Everythingworld Everythingworld States  >  France France officially the French Republic ( French : République française French pronunciation:  [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz] ), is a unitary semi-presidential republic located mostly in Western Europe , [note 12] with several overseas regions and territories . Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . From its shape, it is often referred to in French as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon "). France is the largest country in Western Europe and the third-largest in Europe as a whole. It possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France has been a major power with strong cultural , economic , military , and political influence in Europe and around the world. [6] France has its main ideals expressed in the 18th-century Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen . In the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second-largest colonial empire of the time, ruling large portions of first North America and India and then Northwest and Central Africa ; Madagascar ; Indochina and southeast China ; and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands . France is a developed country , [7] possessing the world's fifth-largest and Europe's second-largest economy by nominal GDP . It is also the world's ninth-largest by GDP at purchasing power parity . [8] France is the wealthiest nation in Europe – and the fourth-wealthiest in the world – in aggregate household wealth. [9] French citizens enjoy a high standard of living , high public education level , and one of the world's longest life expectancies . [10] France has been listed as the world's "best overall health care" provider by the World Health Organization . [11] It is the most-visited country in the world, receiving 79.5 million foreign tourists annually. [12] Main article: Prehistory of France One of the paintings of Lascaux which represents a horse ( Dordogne , approximately 18,000 BC). The oldest traces of human life in what is now France date from approximately 1,800,000 years ago. [19] Men were then confronted by a hard and variable climate, marked by several glacial eras which modified their framework of life and led them to a nomadic life of hunters-gatherers . [19] France counts a large number of decorated caves from the upper Paleolithic era, including one of the most famous and best preserved: Lascaux [19] ( Dordogne , approximately 18,000 BC). At the end of the Last glacial period (10,000 BC), the climate softened [19] and from approximately 7,000 BC, this part of Western Europe entered the Neolithic era and its inhabitants became sedentary . After a strong demographic and agricultural development between the 4th and 3rd millennia, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 3rd millennium, initially with the work of gold, copper and bronze, and later with iron. [20] France counts numerous megalithic sites from the Neolithic period, including the exceptionally dense Carnac stones site ( Morbihan , approximately 3,300 BC). Gaul Main articles: Gaul , Celts , and Roman Gaul Gaul, 1st century BC. Gallic territory inhabited by Celts extends to what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland, the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine, and parts of Northern Italy. The Maison Carrée was a temple of the Gallo-Roman city of Nemausus (present-day Nîmes ) and is one of the best preserved vestiges of the Roman Empire . In 600 BC, Ionian Greeks , originating from Phocaea , founded the colony of Massalia (present-day Marseille ), on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea , making it the oldest city of France. [21] [22] At the same time, some Gallic Celtic tribes penetrated some parts of the current territory of France, but this occupation spread in the rest of France only between the 5th and 3rd century BC. [23] The concept of Gaul emerged at that time; it corresponds to the territories of Celtic settlement ranging between the Rhine , the Atlantic Ocean , the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean Sea. The borders of m


Highciere Castle is the main exterior location of which ITV TV series?

Highclere Castle: As seen in the Downton Abbey TV series Highclere Castle: As seen in the Downton Abbey TV series Product code: 03D Home Out of London Highclere Castle: As seen in the Downton Abbey TV series Adult from Trip Itinerary Oxford Oxford, the city of dreaming spires, boasts one of the world’s greatest - and oldest - universities, as well as some of the finest architecture in Europe. The colleges themselves, which make up the university, are amongst the architectural highlights, their ivy-clad stone walls protecting beautiful chapels, halls and libraries. A walking tour of Oxford with our guide is included before some free time to grab a bite to eat. Why not try out a pub lunch at one of the many famous inns of Oxford. Bampton Next we head for the beautiful village of Bampton in Oxfordshire Bampton is the setting for exterior village scenes in the ITV series of Downton Abbey. Visit The Church; see Matthew Crawley's mother's house, the hospital, (series two)   and current people's homes, which are transformed into the Post Office as well as various pubs. In the "hospital", which is the public library, there is also the Vesey room where the Bampton Archive is housed and various local exhibitions are set out. Downton memorabilia... Beautiful cards, prints and mugs (done by a local artist) as well as books of the filming are all on offer to purchase. Leaving Bampton we now head for Highclere Castle made famous by the Downton Abbey TV series. Highclere Castle - as seen in the Downton Abbey TV Series Built by Sir Charles Berry who also built the houses of Parliament, this is the countryseat of the Earls of Carnarvon. The tour of the Castle’s public rooms includes the magnificent public main hall, the library and sitting rooms in addition to other rooms featured in Downton Abbey.  Why not spend some time enjoying the enjoying the parklands created by Lancelot “Capability” Brown who also designed the grounds of Blenheim Palace or indulge yourself with tea and cake at one of the tea rooms once you have finished touring the Castle. A signed copy of Lady Carnarvon's book will also be given to every customer on the tour. It makes for fascinating reading and is a unique souvenir to remember the day!!   Departing Highclere Castle we head back to London and arrive back at approximately 7pm. Please note that the order of visit may change from time to time.   Booking conditions: Once booked there are no refunds unless Premium Tours manages to re-sell the tour ticket. Doubletree by Hilton Kensington (formerly Regency Hotel) Express Holiday Inn Victoria Grande Royale London Hyde Park Grange Strathmore Hotel NOT AVAILABLE (Holiday Inn Kensington Forum) Normandie Hotel St. James Court, A Taj Hotel Strand Palace Victoria Coach Station (Gate 13-16) customer will confirm later


100 kobo equalling 1 naira are the units of currency of which African country?

Nigerian naira - definition of Nigerian naira by The Free Dictionary Nigerian naira - definition of Nigerian naira by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Nigerian+naira (Currencies) the standard monetary unit of Nigeria, divided into 100 kobo [C20: altered from Nigeria] the basic monetary unit of Nigeria, introduced in 1973. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Nigerian monetary unit - monetary unit in Nigeria kobo - 100 kobos equal 1 naira in Nigeria Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Nigerian monetary unit References in periodicals archive ? And while the South African rand has been one of the continent's currency losers for the last two years, the Nigerian naira and the Kenyan shilling have been much more robust. Surge in profits for soap maker I gave them what I had - 12,000 US dollars, 500,000 Nigerian naira, and some personal money that I had in a box. Compensation for avian influenza cleanup Unlike a decade ago, when 25%-plus annual devaluation was the norm in many African countries, principal currencies (notably the South Africa rand, the CFA franc, the Nigerian naira, the Algerian dinar and the Kenyan shilling) have shown greater stability in recent years. African currencies stay steady as dollar plunges: the rapidly-sinking dollar is bad news for Africa's exporters as most commodities, including oil are designated in dollar terms. On the other hand, African currencies are now far more stable than they have been over the past decade When Junior Achievement Namibia informed me of the news that I was to be one of four girls to attend a Leadership Achievement Empowerment and Development (LEAD) Camp in Lagos, Nigeria, the first thing that came into my mind was "what am I going to buy in that country," as I thought of the high exchange rate of the Nigerian Naira to our Namibian Dollar.


Name the author of the 1982 Booker Prize-winning novel 'Schindlers Ark'.

Schindler's Ark book review - 1982 Booker Prize   Publisher’s synopsis: In the shadow of Auschwitz, a flamboyant German industrialist became a living legend to the Jews of Cracow. This is the story of Oskar Schindler, a womaniser and drinker who risked his life to protect beleaguered Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland, who continually defied the SS, and who was transformed by the war into a man with a mission.     Extract: On the one hand, Oskar had made it his business to know the full face of the system, the rabid face behind the veil of bureaucratic decency. He knows, that is, earlier than most would dare know it, what Sonderhandlung means, that though Treblinka, and in that complex west of Cracow known to Poles as Oswiecim-Brzezinka but which will be known to the West by its German name Auschwitz-Birkenau.   Reviews: Good: This remarkable book has the immediacy and the almost unbearable detail of a thousand eye witnesses who forgot nothing. New York Times Book Review   Not so good: In other words, Schindler's Ark is a book which demonstrates that behind the statistic of six million Holocaust deaths, there are six million personal tragedies. More, indeed, if we count all the people who lost their friends, lovers, sisters brothers, parents, grandparents and – God help us – children. I'm ashamed to say that it's precisely for that reason that I put off reading the 1982 Booker winner for years. I found intimate terror in Primo Levi and Sophie's Choice so depressing that I avoided similar material – until this blog series reached Schindler's Ark. My reasoning was deplorable, both in terms of moral weakness and because (as I am perhaps one of the last people on earth to discover) Schindler's Ark is actually one of the most uplifting books you could hope to read. In spite of everything. For the benefit of those wallowing in the same kind of ignorance as I was, Oskar Schindler is a man who offered, in Keneally's words, "an acre of safety in that square mileage of horror" and saved more than 1,000 Jews from the death camps. The Guardian Booker Blog, Sam Jordan, 15th May 2009 for full review click here   About the author Thomas Keneally was born in Sydney in 1935. He completed his schooling at various schools on the New South Wales north coast before commencing theological studies for the Catholic priesthood. He abandoned this vocation in 1960 and turned to clerical work and teaching before publishing his first novel in 1964. Keneally has been short-listed for the Booker Prize on four occasions: in 1972 for The Chant of Jimmy Blacksmith, Gossip from the Forest in 1975, and Confederates in 1979. Thomas Keneally was awarded the Order of Australia in 1983 for his services to Australian Literature. He lives in Sydney.


Catherine of Braganza was the wife of which English king?

Catherine of Braganza | Marrying Cultures Catherine of Braganza English Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705) was the Portuguese wife of Charles II, King of England (1630-1685) from 1662-1685. Catherine was born into the House of Braganza, the most senior noble house in Portugal. Her father, John, 8th Duke of Braganza, was proclaimed King John IV in 1640 after leading a rebellion which ended sixty years of Spanish rule in Portugal. Portugal was not recognised as a state by most European powers (this was due to Spain disputing the legitimacy of its independence), and the marriage of Catherine to a foreign prince was therefore a vehicle of gaining some recognition. Plans in this regard are largely thought to have been masterminded by Catherine’s mother, Queen Luisa. After attempts to secure an alliance with John of Austria and Louis XIV of France failed, Charles II – newly restored as King of England following civil war and eleven years of republicanism – became the most attractive suitor. The marriage of Charles and Catherine, then, was a source of political stability and legitimacy for both of their respective houses. The attractiveness of Catherine to the English Crown was due in large part to the huge dowry which the Portuguese offered, alongside colonies including Bombay and Tangier, as part of the marriage treaty. That the vast majority of the dowry remained unpaid was a significant source of tension, and undoubtedly constrained Catherine’s ability to become a political actor in England. More significant was Catherine’s ‘failure’ to produce an heir to the English throne (the main purpose of a Queen Consort), and the fact that her life at court was dictated to a significant degree by her rivalry with Charles II’s mistresses, most noticeably Barbara Palmer and, latterly, Louise de Kéroualle. Despite this somewhat pessimistic picture of Catherine’s significance, more recent research is beginning to suggest that she had considerable agency in areas of culture – whether her impact was as large as Henrietta Maria (the Queen Consort of Charles I of England) remains to be tested; as does the extent to which her presence impacted upon English Catholicism. Following Charles II’s death in 1685, Catherine remained in England throughout the reign of James II and, following the Glorious Revolution of 1688/9, into that of William and Mary. Her relationship with the latter was strained (largely by questions of Catherine’s Catholicism) and Catherine returned to Portugal in 1692, where her brother Peter II was King. Following bouts of illness he suffered in 1701 and 1704-05, Catherine became the regent of Portugal. She died at the Bemposta Palace in Lisbon on 31 December 1705 and was buried at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora, Lisbon. The two legends which she is often associated with – the introduction of tea into England and the naming of the New York borough of Queens after her – are not significantly substantiated by any contemporary source material. Areas of Research Catholicism: English Protestantism was vehemently anti-Catholic; yet Catherine was the third Catholic Queen of England in the seventeenth century. Assessing how her faith: caused friction at Court and in the nation more broadly; provided Catherine with both an element of curiosity and an aura of suspicion (particularly during the time of the Popish Plot, 1678-82); often her the ability to make a cultural impact in England (through the patronage of sacred music and the maintenance of several houses of friars) allows us to better assess the intertwined relationship of politics and culture which determined a consorts status in her adopted country. Culture: Catherine is often seen as an insignificant political figure. Did she – as was often the case with Queens Consort – substitute culture influence for political power? Although the court of Charles II is generally seen to have been decidedly Francophone, assessing whether or not Catherine injected elements of Italian culture (in music and portraiture in particular) will be assessed; as will the extent to which her Portu


Of which band was Lionel Richie a member until 1982?

Miss Funkyflyy's Commodores Bio (Part 1)        The story of     the Commodores began in 1967, when Lionel Richie met Thomas McClary in the registration     line at The Tuskegee Institute. Richie played sax, McClary was a guitarist and together     they formed The Mystics, a group that also included William King on trumpet. Their worst     rivals were The Jays, another school-band, from where keyboardist Milan Williams was     drafted when The Jays disbanded. A new name for the group was needed and during a     rehearsal, William King was blindfolded and selected the word "commodore" at     random from a dictionary. The     Commodores now comprised seven members: Lionel Richie (sax), Thomas McClary (guitar),     William King (trumpet), Milan Williams (keyboards), Jimmy Johnson (sax), Michael Gilbert     (bass & lead vocals) and Andre Callaghan (drums). As the Commodores' reputation spread     around their home town and nearby Montgomery, The Tuskegee Institute sent them to perform     at a benefit talent-show in New York. There, they were spotted by Benjamin "Benny" Ashburn, a Harlem-native with a background in public relations. Ashburn,     who at the time worked as a representative for a liquor wholesaler, was a shrewd     businessman. He didn't make any offers, but let the Tuskegee boys know that he saw a great     potential in them. About a year later, The Commodes returned to New York. After struggling     hard while trying to make it on their own, they turned to Ashburn for guidance and he took     them under his wings. The Commodores signed a management contract with Ashburn and he     booked them on every club and showcase he could. Ashburn became the Commodores' mentor,     manager and friend and was to play an integral part in the great future that awaited the     group. Benny Ashburn arranged an audition for     Atlantic Records in 1969 and there, the Commodores recorded an album's worth of material     from which Atlantic released the Jerry "Swamp Dogg" Williams-produced single "Keep On Dancing". It's an irresistible, catchy song and had been a huge R&B     hit for Alvin Cash the previous year. The "Swamp Dogg" Williams-penned B-side, "Rise Up", sounds very similar to The Bar-Kays' "Soul Finger". The     tapes from those early sessions have re-surfaced -at least in Europe- and are available on     CD from various small labels. It mainly consists of cover versions, such as Sly & The     Family Stone's "Sing A Simple Song", Intruders' "Cowboys To Girls",     Temptations' "I Know I'm Losing You" and Johnny Taylor's "Who's Making     Love". Later that year, Jimmy Johnson, Michael     Gilbert and Andre Callaghan left the Commodores (two were drafted for the Vietnam war, the     third left because he didn't think the group could make it). The trio was replaced by     bassist Ronald La Pread from Tuskegee blues outfit The Corvettes and Walter "Clyde" Orange who had his own band, The J-Notes. Orange both played drums and     sang lead, a duty he continued in the Commodores. Lionel Richie was too shy and was more     than happy to just blow his sax and sing back-up. At show at an attorney's convention,     set up by Ashburn, the Commodores made such an impression on Motown executive Suzanne     DePasse that she hired the Commodores to be the warm-up band for The Jackson Five on a     world wide tour. That tour eventually lasted nearly three years and gave the Commodores     stage experience, or rather arena experience. But what they really wanted was a record     contract and in 1972, the Commodores were signed to MoWest, Motown's new subsidiary,     started after the labels' move from Detroit to Los Angeles. Little did Motown know that     they'd just got their hands on what would be one of their biggest act of the Seventies. The Commodores     naturally wanted to be self-contained, write and produce their own material, but Motown's     policy for all


Who played the male lead with Goldie Hawn in the 1987 film comedy?

Overboard (1987) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A cruel but beautiful heiress screws over a hired carpenter, who later is the first one to find her when she gets amnesia. Looking for a little revenge he convinces her that she's his wife. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV a list of 25 titles created 18 Sep 2011 a list of 36 titles created 01 Jul 2013 a list of 43 titles created 13 Aug 2013 a list of 33 titles created 13 May 2014 a list of 25 titles created 08 Jan 2016 Search for " Overboard " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. A sheltered young high society woman joins the United States Army on a whim and finds herself in a more difficult situation than she ever expected. Director: Howard Zieff Con artist Gwen moves into Newton's empty house without his knowledge, and begins setting up house posing as his new wife. Director: Frank Oz Reunited by the death of a college friend, three divorced women seek revenge on the husbands who left them for younger women. Director: Hugh Wilson An old flame discovers her ex-boyfriend from the past is a relocated FBI informant out to stop the bad guys. Director: John Badham When a woman learns of an immortality treatment, she sees it as a way to outdo her long-time rival. Director: Robert Zemeckis A family in Chicago inherits the yacht formerly owned by Clark Gable. They decide to sail it from the island of Ste. Pomme de Terre to Miami, and they sail with the assistance of Captain ... See full summary  » Director: Thom Eberhardt The US needs to convince the visiting emir Khala'ad of Othar to allow an American military base in his strategic realm. Clueless nightclub waitress Sunny Ann Davis accidentally spots and ... See full summary  » Director: Herbert Ross Mac Mckussic is an unlikely drug dealer who wants to go straight. His old and best friend Nick Frescia is now a cop who is assigned to investigate and bring him to justice. Mac is very ... See full summary  » Director: Robert Towne A woman finds romance when she takes a job at an aircraft plant to help make ends meet after her husband goes off to war. Director: Jonathan Demme The remake of the 1970 Neil Simon comedy follows the adventures of a couple, Henry and Nancy Clark, vexed by misfortune while in New York City for a job interview. Director: Sam Weisman A shy San Francisco librarian and a bumbling cop fall in love as they solve a crime involving albinos, dwarves, and the Catholic Church. Director: Colin Higgins A rookie high school football coach has a harder time than she expected trying to whip her tough inner city team into shape. Director: Michael Ritchie Edit Storyline Rich bitch Joanna hires country carpenter Dean to build a closet on her yacht. When the two don't see eye-to-eye, Dean is left unpaid while Joanna sets sail. The following day, Joanna is fished out of the sea, after falling overboard, suffering from amnesia. Dean sees a neat way to regain the money she owes him... he tells her she's his wife; that way Dean gets a free housekeeper and mother for his four kids. Written by Rob Hartill 16 December 1987 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Did You Know? Trivia As of 2014, this is the third and last of three movies that real-life couple Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell appeared in together as co-stars. Their earlier collaborations were Swing Shift (1984) and The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band (1968). See more » Goofs When Annie is making the kids sandwiches for school the miracle whip jar lid is off, and then on and off again. See more » Quotes Dean Proffitt : You jumped my bones the first night we met! Annie : We did it on the first date? Dean Proffitt : Couldn't call it a date really, we just did it in the parking lot of the 7-Eleven Annie : I'm a slut (Denmark) – See all my


Cristina Kirchner has been the President of which country since 2007?

Cristina Fernández de Kirchner Cristina Fernández de Kirchner 2016 Power Women List: Dropoff President, Argentina Bachelor of Arts / Science, National University of La Plata Cristina Fernández de Kirchner on Forbes Lists #16 Power Women (2015) #19 in 2014 Argentina's President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner was in hot water at the start of the year when a special prosecutor charged her with covering up an agreement between her country and Iran to speed up an investigation into the 1994 bombing of a Jewish community center in Buenos Aires. The charges were dropped in March, but the accusations and later, the prosecutor's death from a gunshot wound to the head, have caused an uproar in Argentina. While things started off rocky for the leader of the country with a GDP of $485 billion, she spent last year making strides to increase Russia's influence in Latin America. Kirchner and Russian President Vladimir Putin signed deals in the summer of the 2014 that would put a third nuclear power plant and bases for satellite systems in Argentina. Kirchner, who is the second female president of the country, has been in power since December 2007 and was previously the Argentine senator for the Buenos Aires province. More » More On Forbes


Which racecourse hosts the Scottish Grand National in April each year?

Scottish National Hunt Racing - Scottish National Betting Grand National 2014 Tips Scottish National Hunt Racing England and Ireland tend to dominate the headlines in terms of National Hunt racing. However, Scottish National Hunt racing has a long and rich history  with events like the Scottish Grand National dating all the way back to 1867. National Hunt racing in Scotland is also hugely popular, with as many as 17,000 spectators attending a single race meeting such as the Scottish Grand National Festival Saturday. Two racecourses in Scotland  Ayr Racecourse and the Kelso Racecourse  currently host graded National Hunt races. Each year in February, the Kelso Racecourse hosts the Premier Kelso Novices Hurdle  a Grade 2 race over 2 miles, 2 furlongs, for horses four years and older. In April, Ayr Racecourse hosts two Grade 2 races  the Future Champion Novices Chase and the Scottish Champion Hurdle  as part of the Scottish Grand National Festival. The Future Champion Novices Chase is run over 2 miles, 4 furlongs, by horses five years and older. The Scottish Champion Hurdle is run over 2 miles, by horses four years and older. The Scottish Grand National itself  a chase run over 4 miles, 1 furlong  is a National Hunt Grade 3 race. Format of National Hunt Races National Hunt races  as opposed to flat races  include fence or hurdle jumps. Chase races are run over distances between 2 and 4½ miles, with fences at a minimum height of 4½ feet. Hurdling races occur over distances between 2 and 3½ miles, and include hurdles at a minimum height of 3½ feet. With these obstacles taken on at high speed, events like the Scottish Grand National offer unparalleled excitement and spectacle. Another characteristic of Scottish National Hunt racing is that many events are limited to horses older than four or five years. In the early days of National Hunt racing, most races were contested only by thoroughbreds. In modern times, many National Hunt racing champions have mixed ancestry. Visit our Scottish Grand National odds page for tips before placing your bets for the 2009 Scottish National Hunt racing season. [ts_sports]


Which North Yorkshire stately home was used in the making of the Granada TV serial 'Brideshead Revisited'?

Starring in Yorkshire (From York Press) Jobs Business Directory Local Info Dating Buy Sell Book an Ad Starring in Yorkshire Forget the Hollywood hills, the moors and dales of Yorkshire are where the lights, camera, action are. CHRIS TITLEY reports. COMING soon to a theatre near you - Yorkshire: The Movie. You'll swoon at the dramatic sweep of the dales. Laugh at Goathland's Greengrass. Cry at the romance of Castle Howard. And gasp at Whitby's  cliffhanger ending. An all-star cast, including Academy Award winner Gwyneth Paltrow, Richard Attenborough, Bob Hoskins, Cate Blanchett, Christopher Ecclestone, Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud has been assembled to  tell the Yorkshire story. The people, the places, the puddings. Certificate PG. Yorkshire is becoming used to the Hollywood treatment. There was a time when the sometimes bleak, sometimes lush, always wondrous beauty of Yorkshire was a closely-guarded secret. Not any more.  Thanks to the hungry lenses of the film and television crews, much of the region is now familiar to a nationwide, even a worldwide, audience. Instead of having to fly to Los Angeles to rub shoulders with the stars, the stars are flying into Leeds-Bradford airport to rub shoulders with us. The latest luminaries tipped to make an appearance Tyke-side are Gwyneth Paltrow and Sean Connery. Tinsel town gossip suggests this glittering pair have landed leading roles in the film adaptation  of AS Byatt's novel Possession. Scenes from the movie are likely to be filmed at Pickering railway station. Similarly, parts of the first Harry Potter film are to be shot on the North Yorkshire Moors railway, giving us another opportunity for a date with the stars. When fictional wizard Harry Potter rolls into Goathland on the Hogwarts Express, he will be sprinkling a little of his magic dust on North Yorkshire. Just look at The Railway Children. It was filmed on the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway 30 years ago, doubling passenger numbers on the railway in its wake. Even now the line is still riding on  the back of the movie. Goathland is used to being in the spotlight, of course. Visitors have flocked there since it became the backdrop for Sunday night TV serial Heartbeat. The series, based on the Constable books by former police inspector Peter Walker, enjoys the perfect combination of Sixties nostalgia and the North York Moors. Goathland underwent a makeover to play its part. Telly technicians covered over road markings, moved modern cars and altered signs until it was transformed into mid-Sixties Aidensfield. Most of the residents have been happy to become a part of the TV success story. And the hugely successful series has certainly boosted the local economy. Businesses including the village store,  which sells Heartbeat memorabilia, and local pubs that serve hungry and thirsty day-trippers, have benefited. One television series did more than any other to boost North Yorkshire's profile worldwide. Laurence Olivier, John Gielgud and Jeremy Irons were among the remarkable cast of Brideshead Revisited.  When it came to recreating the exquisite atmosphere of Evelyn Waugh's novel on film, Castle Howard was the perfect choice. The saga of Sebastian Flyte, Lord Marchmain and their privileged friends was an immediate small screen hit, providing just the boost the struggling stately home needed. Tourists flocked to Castle Howard, bringing with them much-needed income. Many came from America and Japan, where the TV series had become a huge hit. Soon the foreign visitors were asking staff questions such as "How do you deal with Sebastian when he's drunk?" Or "What is Lord Marchmain like to work for?" Other Yorkshire-based telly series that made an indelible impression on the public include All Creatures Great And Small, based on the James Herriot books, and starring Christopher Timothy as the  young vet and Thirsk as fictional Darrowby; Last Of The Summer Wine, the long-running comedy which draws thousands to Holmfirth in search of a glimpse of Nora Batty's stockings; and Emmerdale,  originally filmed at Lindley Fa


100 pesewas equalling 1 cedi are the units of currency of which African country?

Ghana Guide: The Ghanaian cedi, The currency used in Ghana: On July 1, 2007, the highest-valued currency unit The currency used in Ghana By Just Landed On July 1, 2007, the highest-valued currency unit issued by a sovereign African country was introduced in Ghana - the Ghanaian cedi. Value of the cedi The Ghanaian cedi went through quite a few changes up through 2007. Coins in Ghana went through three phases, and banknotes, four. Older forms of the cedi were withdrawn beginning in July of 2007, and six months after, the old currency was no longer legal tender. The current Ghanaian cedi (GHS or ₵) is divided into 100 pesewas.  Coins and banknotes Coins in circulation are in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 pesewas, and 1 cedi. All Ghanaian banknotes are issued by the Bank of Ghana. They come in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cedi. The newest banknote is the 2 GHC, which was introduced on May 14, 2010, to meet the needs to have an intermediary banknote between the 1 GHC and 5 GHC, and to reduce the frequency and cost of manufacturing large volumes of the 1 GHC.   Appearance of the cedi Both banknotes and coins coincide with value and size, meaning the larger the value, the larger the banknote or coin. The smallest coin is the copper 1 pesewa, which because of its low value and therefore uncommon use, is quite rare. A 1 cedi coin is similar in appearance to the euro. On the face, or front, of every banknote, you will notice an image of six men. These men are known as the ‘Big Six,’ and represent the fathers of Ghanaian independence, including the first post-independence president, Kwame Nkrumah. Printed on the 2 GHC is “Centenary of the birth of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah,” as the introduction date of this bill coincides with the conclusion of the year-long centenary celebrations of the former president’s birth. Value of the cedi The Ghanaian cedi went through quite a few changes up through 2007. Coins in Ghana went through three phases, and banknotes, four. Older forms of the cedi were withdrawn beginning in July of 2007, and six months after, the old currency was no longer legal tender. The current Ghanaian cedi (GHS or ₵) is divided into 100 pesewas.  Coins and banknotes Coins in circulation are in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 pesewas, and 1 cedi. All Ghanaian banknotes are issued by the Bank of Ghana. They come in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cedi. The newest banknote is the 2 GHC, which was introduced on May 14, 2010, to meet the needs to have an intermediary banknote between the 1 GHC and 5 GHC, and to reduce the frequency and cost of manufacturing large volumes of the 1 GHC.   Appearance of the cedi Both banknotes and coins coincide with value and size, meaning the larger the value, the larger the banknote or coin. The smallest coin is the copper 1 pesewa, which because of its low value and therefore uncommon use, is quite rare. A 1 cedi coin is similar in appearance to the euro. On the face, or front, of every banknote, you will notice an image of six men. These men are known as the ‘Big Six,’ and represent the fathers of Ghanaian independence, including the first post-independence president, Kwame Nkrumah. Printed on the 2 GHC is “Centenary of the birth of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah,” as the introduction date of this bill coincides with the conclusion of the year-long centenary celebrations of the former president’s birth.


Daniel Ortega has been the President of which country since 2007?

Daniel Ortega Biography (Political Leader/President of Nicaragua) Best known as: President of Nicaragua, 1985-90, 2007-present Name at birth: José Daniel Ortega Saavedra Daniel Ortega has been Nicaragua's most internationally-famous political figure since the 1980s. He has twice been elected the country's president: in 1984 and again in 2006. From an early age Ortega was a political aspirant with revolutionary leanings, ditching college in 1963 to work with the underground political group called Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (also called the Sandinista National Liberation Front, the FSLN or, popularly, the Sandinistas). Ortega emerged as a leader in the urban resistance campaign against the U.S.-trained forces of the ruling Somoza family, but in 1967 he was jailed for bank robbery and then exiled to Cuba for seven years. The Sandinistas came to power in 1979 by overthrowing Anastasio Somoza Debayle, and Ortega was elected president in 1984. Ortega's years in office were dominated by the civil war and factional turmoil. In addition, the FSLN and Ortega were condemned by U.S. president Ronald Reagan for their Marxist ideology and their close ties to the Soviet Union and Fidel Castro of Cuba. The U.S. financed a group of counter-revolutionaries, or Contras, using funds obtained by selling weapons to Iran in an illegal scheme run by Oliver North . (This became the Iran-Contra scandal in the U.S. in 1986-87.) Ortega lost his bid for re-election in 1990. The FSLN remained the biggest political party in Nicaragua but was dogged by accusations of corruption, and Ortega lost two more presidential races in 1996 and 2001. Ortega was finally able to cobble together enough unlikely political alliances to regain the presidency in the elections of November 2006. Ortega has toned down his anti-capitalist stance over the years, but his ties to Castro and Venezuela's Hugo Chavez aggravate many American policy makers, especially those in the George W. Bush administration. Extra credit: The Sandinistas took their name from the revolutionary martyr Augusto Cesar Sandino (1893-1934)… Ortega won about 38% of the vote in 2006, just barely enough to avoid a second round of voting (35% is required by Nicaraguan law)… In 1998 his grown step-daughter, Zoilamérica Narvaez Murillo, accused Ortega of sexually molesting her between 1979 and 1990. Ortega denied the charges and as a member of the National Assembly was immune from criminal prosecution. Copyright © 1998-2017  by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.


Who wrote the 1957 play 'The Entertainer'?

The Entertainer Written by John Osborne Author John Osborne John Osborne (1929 - 1994) John Osborne was not only a playwright but was also a screenwriter, actor and critic of The Establishment. The success of his 1956 play Look Back in Anger transformed English theatre. In a productive life of more than 40 years, Osborne explored many themes and genres, writing for stage, film and TV. His personal life was extravagant and iconoclastic. He was notorious for the ornate violence of his language, not only on behalf of the political causes he supported but also against his own family, including his wives and children. Osborne was one of the first writers to address Britain's purpose in the post-imperial age. He was the first to question the point of the monarchy on a prominent public stage. During his peak (1956-1966), he helped make contempt an acceptable and now even cliched onstage emotion, argued for the cleansing wisdom of bad behaviour and bad taste, and combined unsparing truthfulness with devastating wit. PlayThe Entertainer The Entertainer was first produced in London in 1957. The venue, The Royal Court Theatre, was known for its commitment to new and nontraditional drama, and the inclusion of a West End star such as Laurence Olivier in the cast caused much interest. Initial reviews were mixed - "It is no great play but no bad evening either." However, by the time of the 1974 revival more positive acclaim was going its way - "brilliant equation between Britain and a dilapidated old music hall," which is what the author was striving for when he wrote the play. The Bench Production Bench Theatre's original name was 'Theatre Union' and was later changed to reflect the name of the theatre in West Street where most of their early productions were staged. This play was performed under the original Theatre Union name and staged at The Bench Theatre building in West Street. It was the company's sixth major production at that venue which was their home for nearly 7 years.


Which city, located 7 miles to the southwest, serves as the port of Athens?

Athens | national capital, Greece | Britannica.com national capital, Greece Athens, Modern Greek Athínai, Ancient Greek Athēnai, historic city and capital of Greece. Many of Classical civilization’s intellectual and artistic ideas originated there, and the city is generally considered to be the birthplace of Western civilization. The Acropolis and surrounding area, Athens. Neil Beer/Getty Images Athens and the Acropolis, including the Parthenon and the Erechtheum. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Overview of Athens. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Athens lies 5 miles (8 km) from the Bay of Phaleron, an inlet of the Aegean (Aigaíon) Sea where Piraeus (Piraiévs), the port of Athens, is situated, in a mountain-girt arid basin divided north-south by a line of hills. Greater Athens has an area of 165 square miles (427 square km). The Kifisós River, only a trickle in summer, flows through the western half; the Ilisós River, often dry, traverses the eastern half. The surrounding mountains—Párnis, 4,636 feet (1,413 metres); Pentelicus (Pendéli), 3,631 feet; Hymettos (Imittós), 3,365 feet; and Aigáleon, 1,535 feet—add to the impression of barrenness. Yet such considerations are superficial when compared with the fecundity of Athens’s bequests to the world, such as its philosophy, its architecture, its literature, and its political ideals. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. For treatment of the city in its regional setting, see Greece ; historical and cultural aspects are treated further in the article ancient Greek civilization . Physical and human geography Character of the city Athens, with its tall buildings and contemporary shops, is the first European city when approached from the Middle East . When approached from the west, from elsewhere in Europe , what strikes the visitor is the influence of the East—in the food, music, and clamorous street life—perhaps vestiges of a time when Athens was divorced from European society under the yoke of Ottoman rule. Nevertheless, it is wrong to say that Athens is a mixture of East and West: it is Greek and, more particularly, Athenian. The city, after all, nurtured Western civilization thousands of years ago. Athens remains on the world stage to this day, most recently as the designated host of the 2004 Olympic Games . Athens as viewed from the Acropolis. S. Vannini/DeA Picture Library Pátrai Some three centuries after the death of Pericles (429 bce), Athenians entered upon a period of bondage that lasted almost 2,000 years. The city was freed in 1833, and in the following 170 years it was the scene of more than a dozen revolutions, another brutal foreign occupation, and a civil war of especial savagery. This long history of passion and suffering has had considerable effect on the Athenian character. The core of that character is an implacable will to survive, buttressed by a profound sense of loyalty (especially to the family) and patriotism. The Greek Orthodox Church , which is directed by a synod sitting in Athens, was a main force in keeping alive the Greek language , tradition, and literature when such things were forbidden, and most people still support it. The millennia of oppression, instead of driving the Athenians into obtuse moroseness, have honed their wit and rendered them tough but supple, while centuries of privation have only preserved their warmth and generosity. The long oral tradition, alive even under the invader, has reflected and stimulated a taste for rich talk. Of course, the poetic impulse to make a good story better leads to considerable exaggeration in daily conversation, suiting a vanity that goes with a sharp-edged sense of personal and family honour and the spoiling of children. The ancient heroes, too, were vain about both themselves and honour, boasting as much about outwitting the enemy as about outfighting him. The landscape Erechtheum, on the Acropolis in Athens. © Ron Gatepain (A Britannica Publishing Partner) The Propylaea , the matchless entryway into the Acropolis, was the only opening in the surrounding wall. Just in front of it and to the left is


Which golf course was the first Scottish venue to host the Ryder Cup in 1973?

10 Scottish Courses That Should Host The Ryder Cup | Golf.com © 2014 Ti Golf Holdings Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 Scottish Courses That Should Host The Ryder Cup Gleneagles's PGA Centenary isn't in anybody's Top 100. It's just the kind of brawny layout with lots of space that is typically chosen to host the Ryder Cup. Here are the 10 Scottish courses that the Ryder Cup should be played on, like Trump International Golf Links. View Gallery Next Gleneagles' PGA Centenary isn't in anybody's Top 100, but we know the drill when it comes to the infrastructure required to stage a successful Ryder Cup in the UK: you need a brawny layout with lots of space. Gleneagles isn't any better or worse than other tracks that match that description -- The Belfry (England), The K Club (Ireland), Celtic Manor (Wales). If it were up to us, however, we wouldn't visit any of the above. Here are 10 Scottish courses that the Ryder Cup should be played on. 10. Gleneagles (King's) Hey, we're throwing a bone to the good folks at Gleneagles, who operate one of the 10 greatest golf resorts on the planet, because the PGA Centenary -- the Ryder Cup course -- is only the third best layout on the property. Next time, hold the event on the King's course, a sufficiently sturdy track that's loaded with character and features two gambler's specials down the stretch: the driveable par-4 14th and the gettable par-5 18th. 9. Prestwick The course that played host to the first 12 British Opens would surely be the quirkiest layout ever to host a Ryder Cup. Its peculiar but memorable collection of blind shots would be sheer joy in match play, and wouldn't you love to see a player with typical Ryder Cup first tee jitters attempt his opening shot as an oncoming train is barreling down the track just steps from the right edge of the first fairway and first green? 8. North Berwick East of Edinburgh sits this fabled links -- at least in architectural circles -- thanks to its 15th hole, the much-copied "Redan," a par 3 played to an elevated, diagonal green. In the memorability department, however, it takes a backseat to the par-4 13th, "The Pit," whose green sits directly behind a stone wall. More than 1,000 Ryder Cup candidates might play tougher, but is there one that would be more fun? 7. Castle Stuart This brilliant five-year-old Gil Hanse/Mark Parsinen design was effusively praised by Phil Mickelson -- and that was before he won the 2013 Scottish Open here. Wide fairways, wild and woolly bunkers and eye candy panoramas of Moray Firth and the Scottish Highlands are highlights. 6. Kingsbarns Co-host of the PGA European Tour's Alfred Dunhill Links Championship and venue forn the 2017 Women's British Open, this 15-year-old Kyle Phillips design 15 miles from the Old Course boasts a world ranking of 55 and the respect of links fans everywhere, who relish such holes that arc around the bay and demand carries over the sea. 5. Carnoustie Dubbed "Car-nasty" for its head-scratchingly hard setup for the 1999 British Open, the 23rd ranked course in the world has hosted seven Opens in all. Yet, it's proven repeatedly it doesn't need any fairway-narrowing gimmicks to be the toughest course on the Open rota. Heather, gorse, jungle-like fescue rough, steep-faced revetted bunkers and the sinuous Barry Burn create havoc in the wind. Captain's picks would revolve around ball-strikers, not putters if Carnoustie were the venue. 4. Royal Dornoch Realistically too remote to host the Ryder Cup, we say, "So what? Do it anyway." That's how great the world's 14th ranked course is. After Tom Watson played here prior to his Open defense in 1981, he remarked that the experience was "the most fun I've ever had on a golf course." Donald Ross grew up here, and you can see his affinity for Dornoch's raised plateau greens on his American materpiece, Pinehurst No. 2. 3. Muirfield Prior to 2014, Muirfield was the only Scottish course ever to host the Ryder Cup, back in 1973. It's high time to go back. The ultimate thinking man's course has identified such Open champions as Jack Nicklaus in 1966, Lee Tre


In the eponymous Channel 4 TV comedy what was the surname of Father Ted?

Ireland mourns comic talent as 'Father Ted' actor dies, aged 45 | The Independent Ireland mourns comic talent as 'Father Ted' actor dies, aged 45   Monday 2 March 1998 00:02 BST Click to follow The Independent Culture THE Irish comedian and actor Dermot Morgan who died at the weekend was best-known in Britain for his portrayal of Father Ted in the eponymous, surreal Channel 4 comedy about three wayward priests banished to a bleak island. Morgan, 45, collapsed at a dinner party at his London home on Saturday night. He died shortly afterwards from a suspected heart attack. His earlier work in his own country arguably touched even greater heights, winning him mass public acclaim as Ireland's most subversive wit, but also eventual disapproval from faint-hearted media management. In Ireland many felt Father Ted sometimes reflected a sharper mirror- image of today's Catholic Church than the rosier Ballykissangel. Ted Crilly was by turns devious, cunning and disingenuous. Echoing the sex and embezzlement scandal involving the Bishop of Galway Eamon Casey, he was once reminded by fellow Craggy Island exile Father Dougal that parish funds had been traced back to his personal bank account. Dougal : You took the money, Ted Ted : It wasn't like that. Dougal : It was in your account Ted : It was only resting there. But despite the success of the programme, Morgan had recently admitted that he was looking forward to taking off the dog collar and possibly returning to the comedy circuit. "I wanted to get out of the dog collar because I've been doing priests for some time now. And I didn't want to be a Clive Dunn and do Grandad for the rest of my life," he said in an interview days before he died. "Ted's been a great door opener for me and I'll miss him and certainly working with such a great cast, but I have to branch out." He spoke vaguely about about having projects in the pipeline and a possible return to the comedy circuit. "There's a great buzz about stand-up, I've always loved it and that's hard to turn your back on. But if a straight role came along I'd never say never." The sitcom, which has turned the unpriestly curse of "feck" into a common catchphrase, is shown and loved in 10 countries and numbers Steven Spielberg and Madonna among its fans. U2's Bono requested a part in the series. Father Ted's success was some consolation for the silencing of Scrap Saturday, Morgan's hugely successful Irish radio satirical show, scripted jointly with his equally politicised collaborator Gerry Stembridge. Its finest moments came in the public pretensions of Charles J Haughey to international statesmanship, while hinting dangerously at seamy business links and the then-premier's abundant sexual appetites. Morgan had a uncanny ability to get inside Haughey's head. The character's private utterances to his trusty lackey, press secretary PJ Mara, enabled Morgan to glory in Haughey's every intonation and bilious prejudice. The character became part-Napoleon, part-Godfather, and imperious symbol of the nation. Morgan\Haughey would thus describe his nearest neighbours to as "a nation of nobodies driving around the English Midlands on Sunday afternoons in their Austin Allegros". And venturing into distant Sligo grubbing for votes, Morgan/Haughey asked: "How come all my people look retarded, Mara?" The current Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern (himself satirised mercilessly by Morgan), said yesterday that he was deeply shocked by the performer's death and called him a "Prince" among modern Irish comedians. He said: "Dermot was one of the greatest entertainers ever produced by this country." More about:


Who won the 1951 Best Actress Oscar for her role as Blanche du Bois in the film 'A Streetcar Named Desire'?

1951 Academy Awards® Winners and History "An       American in Paris" , William Wyler for "Detective    Story" Marking     the decline of the old Hollywood studio system, this was the first year     in which the Best Picture Oscar was given to the film's producers     rather than to the studio that released the film. Director Vincente Minnelli's An     American in Paris , a lavish, Technicolor, Gershwin-scored     musical, was a major surprise winner of the Best Picture     Award in 1951. (The Arthur Freed-produced film with eight     nominations won a total of six Oscars including Best Picture,     Best Story and Screenplay - Alan Jay Lerner, Best Color     Cinematography, Best Color Art Direction, Best Color Costume     Design, and Best Score for a Musical Picture. In addition,     it was presented with the Thalberg Award for producer Arthur     Freed, and an Honorary Oscar was presented to virtuoso     Gene Kelly. The film was about an ex-GI painter who remained     in Paris following the war, and became enmeshed in a romantic     triangle between a rich American patroness (Nina Foch) and     a lovely 19 year-old French dancer (Leslie Caron). It was the first musical     to win the Best Picture award since The Great Ziegfeld (1936) and Broadway      Melody (1928-9), the first color film to win an Oscar since Gone       With The Wind (1939) , and one of only a few Best Picture     winners that received no acting nominations. The Best Picture film winner marked a major upset.     It was up against stiff competition from two black and white     melodramas (which had a total of nineteen nominations between     them, 12 and 7 respectively): director Elia Kazan's film adaptation of a      Tennessee Williams play about a neurotic Southern belle who      visits her sister and brother-in-law in New Orleans - A       Streetcar Named Desire (with twelve nominations and      four wins) director George Stevens' film based on Theodore           Dreiser's novel An American Tragedy, A            Place in the Sun (with seven nominations and six           wins - Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best B/W Cinematography,           Best Dramatic Score, Best Film Editing, and Best B/W Costume           Design), about an ambitious factory worker (Montgomery Clift)           who aspires to a more glamorous life with a gorgeous debutante           (Elizabeth Taylor), but is threatened by a lower-class co-worker's           (Shelley Winter) pregnancy and a false accusation of murder The remaining nominees included the most expensive     film of its time - MGM's big budget epic version of Henryk     Siekiewicz's classic novel and director Mervyn LeRoy's film Quo      Vadis (with a total of eight nominations and no wins) about     Nero's Christian persecution and starring Deborah Kerr and     Robert Taylor, and 20th Century Fox's and director Anatole     Litvak's WWII thriller Decision Before Dawn (with a     weak total of two nominations and no wins). Quo Vadis had     the dubious distinction of not winning in any of the     categories in which it was nominated. It was thought that the     two front-runners Streetcar and A Place in the Sun split     the vote, thereby handing the victory to the MGM musical. The Best Director category included five major     film directors: John Huston for Shane            (1953) and Giant (1956). Stevens won only           one other time as Best Director, for Giant (1956),           but was nominated four other times for The            Talk of the Town (1942) , The             More the Merrier (1943) , Shane (1953) , and The Diary of Anne Frank (1959).] The entire acting ensemble in A     Streetcar Named Desire (most of whom had performed     in the Broadway s


Which duo had a UK No.1 hit in 1987 with the song ‘Respectable'?

Ten Awesome Female Musical Duos: Icona Pop, Tegan and Sara & More | Billboard COMMENTS On Tuesday (May 26), Icona Pop returned to the pop scene with the red-hot, horn-laden new single "Emergency," from the follow-up to their 2013 debut This Is… Icona Pop. Best known for their stomping Top 10 hit "I Love It" featuring Charli XCX, the Swedish duo represents girl power to the fullest -- and is one of the more successful female duos in the recent history of mainstream music. Pop, dance, country and rock all have had female duos break through to larger audiences and provide a lasting impact on their respective genres. From t.A.T.u. to Shampoo, here are 10 of our favorite female musical duos from the recent past: 10 Pop Artists that Deserve a 2015 Comeback Tegan and Sara The alt-rock mainstays showed off their pop muscle -- and started playing to the biggest audiences of their careers -- with the release of 2013's Heartthrob; Tegan and Sara Quin are currently working on the follow-up to that much-lauded full-length. t.A.T.U. Best known for their U.S. crossover hit "All The Things She Said" and its music video's controversial faux-lesbianism, the Russian pop duo of Julia Volkova and Lena Katina continued putting out albums following their 2002 breakthrough, but officially disbanded for the final time in 2014. The Judds With their run of hits between the mid-80s to early 90s, Naomi and her daughter Wynonna became one of the most successful country duos of all time, and continuously collected Grammys in the best country performance by a duo or group with vocal category. After Wynonna developed her musical skills while playing alongside her mother in Kentucky, the Judds found considerable success with tracks like "Cry Myself to Sleep," "Have Mercy" and "Grandpa (Tell Me 'Bout The Good Old Days)." The Veronicas Before their recent comeback bid with their self-titled album, the Australian twin-sister duo enjoyed minor U.S. popularity -- but developed a cultish fan base -- thanks to hits like "4ever," "Untouched" and "Everything I'm Not." 78Violet Once known as Aly & AJ, the sister duo of Aly and Amanda Michalka remade themselves from Disney Channel stars into affable pop-rock personalities, and released three albums before changing their name to 78Violet. An under-appreciated new single, "Hothouse," was issued in 2013. Shampoo You know a Shampoo single even if you don't realize it: Jacqui Blake and Carrie Askew's pop-punk project scored a smash with "Trouble," the lead track from their 1994 debut We Are Shampoo with an unforgettable hook ("Uh oh, we're in trouble…"). Sadly, Shampoo only existed for one more album, 1995's Girl Power. Mel & Kim Sisters Mel and Kim Appleby boast one still-undeniable dance hit, 1987's "Respectable," as well as a effervescent debut album, F.LM.; tragically, Mel was diagnosed with cancer soon after the duo hit it big, and died at the age of 23 in 1990. Kim later continued as a solo artist, but never achieved the same dizzying heights as the pair scored in the late 80s. Shakespear's Sister After spending nearly a decade with Bananarama, Siobhan Fahey formed Shakespear's Sister -- originally conceived as a solo project, but eventually becoming an official duo with singer-songwriter Marcella Detroit. The group's second album, 1992's Hormonally Yours, was the home of Shakespear's Sister's biggest hit, the rapturous "Stay." Maddie & Tae After meeting in 2014, Maddie Marlow and Tae Dye decided to team up and scored an unexpected country smash with "Girl in a Country Song." A follow-up single, "Fly," was recently released to preview the pair's upcoming debut album, Start Here. Booty Luv A spectacularly named U.K. dance group, Booty Luv cracked the pop charts across the pond with the debut single "Boogie 2nite," which would also serve as the title of their 2007 debut album. Cherise Roberts and Nadia Shepherd formed the duo after previously serving as members in the R&B group Big Brovaz.


Which town, located 50 miles to the northwest, serves as the modern day port for Rome?

Civitavecchia port - How to get to Rome from the cruise ship Arriving in Rome by cruise ship How to get to Rome from the port of Civitavecchia A map of the Civitavecchia cruise ship terminal in relation to the train station. (For more details, click on the interactive map over the right.) First of all: the port of Civitavecchia ( www.port-of-rome.org ) is not even remotely near Rome. Civitavecchia is 80km (50 miles) north of the city of Rome on the coast. It takes more than an hour to drive between Rome and Civitavecchia the train takes anywhere from 40 minutes (express) to 60–80 minutes (local). Civitavecchia fun facts Though Civitavecchia is not close to Rome, it is nearly as ancient. Civitavecchia was founded as a port in the 2nd century AD under emperor Trajan, who called it Centumcellae. Escalating pirate attacks led Pope Julius II to order a fort built in the 16th century. To design the fort, the pope tapped the same man he had hired to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling: Michelangelo. Between cruises and ferries, nearly 2 million passengers pass though each year, making this the third busiest port in the entire Mediterranean. Getting to Rome from Civitavecchia All cruise lines will offer a direct transfer to Rome on a bus, but at a steeply inflated rate (things like this are where cruises really make their money ). The good news is, you can get to Rome on your own—cheaper, and sometimes even faster. In fact, with the train station only about 15-minute walk from the port and the fast trains making the trip to Rome in 45 minutes, you can easily beat the folks taking the overpriced cruise shuttle to Rome. By cruise ship shuttle - Priciest option (though rates vary line to line). Takes about 60–80 minutes. By private car - A private transfer still takes 60–80 minutes, but will often be cheaper than the cruise line's service. Book one via our partners at Viator.com for $30 (€29). By tour - If you're just in port for the day but still want to see Rome, you don't have to sign up for the ship's crowded tour bus; consider a private tour of Rome in one day offered by our partners at Viator.com . By train - There are two to three direct trains every hour between Civitavecchia and Rome's main rail station, Roma Termini . Most local trains take 60–80 minutes and cost €5 each way (in second class; always ride in second class ). Hourly Frecciabianca trains take 40–45 minutes and cost €9–€15. You still have to get from the Civitavecchia train station to the cruise terminal at the port; see below . By taxi/limosine - If you have the €125–€150 for a private transfer, please just book the same exact service for €30 from Viator.com and then send me the extra €100 that is clearly burning a hole in your pocket. https://www.partner.viator.com/widgets/custom.jspa 1010_5292PRTFCOROME 1010_6541PRTROM 1010_6541PRTROMVATICAN 1010_6541PRTROMVATOUR 1010_3731ROMPRT 1010_6541PRTROMBOATHOHO Getting between Fiumicino (Rome's airport) and Civitavecchia Rome's Leonardo Da Vinci airport at Fiumicino is about 50km (31 miles) south of Civitavecchia. If your cruise doesn't include airport transfers (or charges an arm and a leg for them), you have three options: By private car - A private transfer will often be cheaper than the cruise line's. Many airport car services charge exorbitant fees (€90 and more). Book a private car to the port via our partners at Viator.com and it only costs €29 per person. By taxi - Only if you are made of money. It'll cost about €120–€150. By train - You'll have to take a shuttle train first into one of Rome's three central stations (~30 min.), where you change to a connector train. The total transit time is about 90–120 min. This is the cheapest option (only €11–€29), but also way more time-consuming and complicated, especially with luggage , since you'll have to walk that final 15 min. from the station to the port. Not advised. How to get between the Civitavecchia train station and the port/cruise terminal If Civitavecchia is your embarkation or debarkation port (as opposed to a port of call), you'll have all your luggage an


At which golf course did Europe win the Ryder Cup for the first time in 1985?

Sam Torrance on a historic Ryder Cup win in 1985 - Telegraph Sam Torrance on a historic Ryder Cup win in 1985 Sam Torrance remembers sinking the winning putt in the Ryder Cup when he was  32 years old. Sam Torrance remembers a historic Ryder Cup win, 1985  Photo: Phil Sheldon/ golf picture library By Sian Ranscombe 3:00PM BST 21 Sep 2012 In this photograph, Europe have just won the Ryder Cup for the first time in 28 years. I am 32 years old, I have just sunk the winning putt and I am looking at the crowd behind the green at the Belfry in Sutton Coldfield, feeling ecstatic. Afterwards we partied through the night and, in fact, for the next four days – I was meant to go home to London the day after the match but instead we drank six bottles of champagne and ended up partying for three more nights. Because Europe had not beaten the US for so long, we were definitely the underdogs, but we had been getting closer. The previous Ryder Cup, in Florida in 1983, we had lost by only a single point. We were gutted at the time because we really felt we should have won. But we made a pact to fight back and ensure we won the next one, which we duly did, and so this was a fantastic moment. I was born in Largs in north Ayrshire, Scotland, and my father, Robert, was one of the top five golf coaches in the world. I played golf for the first time when I was five years old and, of course, my father was my coach – he’s the only coach I’ve ever had. We lived in Manchester for a couple of years with Dad’s job, but when I was 10 we moved back to Largs and I decided that I wanted to pursue a career in golf. I left school three years later so I could work on my golf, all day every day, and turned professional at 16. I travelled the world as a young golfer, throughout my teens, 20s and 30s. My first Ryder Cup was in 1981 when I was 28. It is such a unique event, because you play as part of a European team – there’s nothing like it in golf. There’s no money involved and the guys on the team don’t feel like they’re of different nationalities, we just feel we’re part of Europe. The win in this photograph, my third Ryder Cup, sent my career through the roof – although everyone on the team contributed, it’s often the person who sinks the winning putt who gets remembered. After this moment I couldn’t walk down the street without being stopped by people wanting to offer their congratulations. It’s definitely what most people know me for. In 2002, on the same green, wearing the same colours, I was the [non-playing] captain when we won the cup again. I had spent three years planning it (the September 11 terror attacks delayed the tournament by a year) and I was responsible for choosing the pairings, the team uniforms and the course set-up, as well as making sure the players were happy. Because I put so much effort into it and we ended up winning, the 2002 victory was even more satisfying than 1985 and became my new career highlight. 'Out of Bounds: Legendary Tales from the 19th Hole’ by Sam Torrance (Simon & Schuster, £18.99) Related Articles


In the animated children's TV series, what is the surname of the character Postman Pat?

Pat Clifton | Postman Pat Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Matt Clifton (cousin) Patrick "Pat" Clifton, infamously known as Postman Pat, was the village postman for Greendale and has now been promoted to head of the Special Delivery Service in nearby Pencaster. Pat lived at Forge Cottage in Greendale with his wife Sara and son Julian, who is six years old. His pet cat Jess also comes with him on his post rounds. Contents [ show ] Biography As a young lad, Pat used to think that he might like to be a train driver, but of course this was just a childhood idea. Pat's working life started as being the local postman of Greendale in Cumbria. Everyday as he went around on his rounds, he was always the man with the answers and the helping hand for everything. Eventually, his helpful nature was known by everyone and the locals of Greendale adored him. By this point, Pat knew he had picked just the right occupation and there is no other job he would rather have. Being a postman gives him the oppitunity to see all his friends and neighbours daily, not just within the village, but also in the beautiful countryside outside. He loves to get the chance to stop and have a chat with them and the sight of their smiling faces when they recieve a card or a present from a loved one truely makes Pat's day. By the time his next birthday came round, the Pencaster Gazette awarded him the "Postman of the Year", for being such a helpful postman. As the said newspaper had listed his birthday for that week, Pat was most surprised that everyone seemed to know that which he had meant to keep a secret, until he saw the article. Pat is always glad to take his cat Jess with him on his rounds; to Pat, life would not be the same without his feline companion and he sometimes feels that he is the brains of the outfit. Pat soon recieved his own post bus as well as the van, which he first tested on a journey to Ingledale. After this, he only use it on special occasions and if the van broke down, or in the case of Ted Glen's robot postman use it as a reinforced pursuit vehicle. But eventually, it was decided that the post bus was not so important for the postal service, so Pat sold it to the school as their own personal transport. When Pat started to get overloaded with more and more parcels, he was given his very own postal trolley similar to those he had once seen in London. When the railway running through Greendale was reopened, Pat then became able to send off out of Greendale mail, by loading it onto the mail truck coupled behind the steam locomotive known as the Greendale Rocket. Pat's reliability soon promoted him to the Special Delivery Service. If ever a call came through on his special moblie telephone that the service gave to him, he would in drive down to the SDS HQ in Pencaster and then transport his very special deliveries in one of his many different modes of transport that the service have to offer. With both the roles of working for the Post Office in Greendale and the Special Delivery Sorting Off in Pencaster, Pat's days are never typical, because anything could happen; usually it can and he would never know how. Pat likes it best that way, as it means that his job is never ever dull. Persona Pat is a helpful postman, who always knows best and has an opinion that every one of his many friends respects. He does sometimes have a knack of getting into muddles if there is one small change to the way his day of delivering the mail goes, but every cloud has a silver lining as they say and Pat is soon back on track, making sure all of Greendale gets its mail and that all his friends are happy by the end of the day. Pat loves his family, friends, job and hometown. To him, all of these things mixed with the loving community he lives in, make him feel like the luckiest man on earth! Job As his world wide title suggests, Pat is a postman. Attire When at work, Pat wears the postman's uniform dating from the 1970's, which comprises of a dark blue hat, jacket and trousers. In the snows of winter, Pat used to were his own winter coat over his uniform, but lat


Give any year in which Golda Meir was Prime Minister of Israel.

Golda Meir - Israel & Judaism Studies Golda Meir GOLDA MEIR 1898-1978 (Prime Minister of Israel 1969-1974) See also The Creation of Modern Israel and relevant articles under Israel after 1948 for additional context. In her autobiography My Life Golda Meir recalled her feelings when the Labour Party called on her to assume the office of Prime Minister of Israel following the death of Levi Eshkol in 1969: “I became Prime Minister because that was how it was, in the same way that my milkman became an officer in command of an outpost on Mount Hermon. Neither of us had any relish for the job, but we both did it as well as we could.” It was statement typical of a lifetime shaped by a sense of duty arising from her Jewish experience. Born to the family of a carpenter in Kiev in the Ukraine, she was a five-year old child living in Minsk in 1903 at the time of a “pogrom” in neighbouring Kishinev. In the rampage inspired by a medieval-style “blood libel”, which took place with the complicity of the Tsarist authorities, 49 Jews lost their lives, more than 500 were seriously injured, and some 700 houses and 600 Jewish shops were looted and destroyed. That year Golda’s father left for Milwaukee in the United States, and three years later he had saved enough to send for his family. The Kishinev pogrom was just one of a continuing wave of anti-Jewish outbreaks of slaughter and destruction which swept through Russia after the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881. Alexander II, the “liberal” Tsar who had emancipated the Russian serfs, had not enforced many of the anti-Jewish laws of his predecessors, and the five million Jews of Russia looked forward to emancipation under his rule. His successor, Alexander III, on the other hand, proclaimed himself as “proud to be an autocrat”. He encouraged the pogroms and revived the laws of Nicholas I, including the so-called “Nicholas system” under which twelve year-old Jewish boys were conscripted into the army for 25 years, and Jews were allowed to reside only in specified regions and towns. Between 1881 and 1914 over two and a quarter million Jews left Russia for the United States. Others fled elsewhere, to Germany and the Austrian empire, to Britain, Canada and Australia. It was also the time of the birth of the modern Zionist movement, epitomised in the writings of Dr Leo Pinsker, a Jewish leader who had previously worked for Jewish emancipation. In his pamphlet Auto-emancipation written in 1881, he now came to a pessimistic diagnosis: “Judeophobia is a psychic aberration.  As a psychic aberration it is hereditary, and as a disease transmitted for two thousand years, it is incurable...               The Jewish people have no fatherland of their own, though many motherlands…We must have a home if not a country of our own.” 1881 was also the year in which the first of a few thousand young Jews left Russia to re-build the land in the deserts and malarial swamps of Turkish Palestine. One year before Golda’s birth, in 1897, Theodore Herzl had created an organised international Zionist movement, dedicated to the restoration of the land of Israel, and the first World Zionist Congress was held at Basle in Switzerland. When Golda arrived in America in 1906, a second wave of immigration to Palestine had followed renewed outbreaks in Russia. As a young teacher in America Golda became an active member of the Labour Zionist party, and represented Milwaukee as a delegate to the American Jewish Congress. In 1924, she and her husband Morris Myerson left for Palestine, then under the British Mandate after the First World War, and joined a kibbutz – a Jewish communal settlement. In those early years of Jewish settlement the kibbutz system, operating on the community-based principle “from each according to capacity and to each according to need”, played a major role in the agricultural development of the country in a harsh and unpromising environment.   Golda eventually became an active participant in the Jewish political life of Palestine. By 1934 she was an executive committee member of the Histadrut, the


Which American President was in office 1869-1877?

Ulysses S. Grant | whitehouse.gov Air Force One Ulysses S. Grant In 1865, as commanding general, Ulysses S. Grant led the Union Armies to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. As an American hero, Grant was later elected the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877), working to implement Congressional Reconstruction and to remove the vestiges of slavery.  Late in the administration of Andrew Johnson, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant quarreled with the President and aligned himself with the Radical Republicans. He was, as the symbol of Union victory during the Civil War, their logical candidate for President in 1868. When he was elected, the American people hoped for an end to turmoil. Grant provided neither vigor nor reform. Looking to Congress for direction, he seemed bewildered. One visitor to the White House noted "a puzzled pathos, as of a man with a problem before him of which he does not understand the terms." Born in 1822, Grant was the son of an Ohio tanner. He went to West Point rather against his will and graduated in the middle of his class. In the Mexican War he fought under Gen. Zachary Taylor. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Grant was working in his father's leather store in Galena, Illinois. He was appointed by the Governor to command an unruly volunteer regiment. Grant whipped it into shape and by September 1861 he had risen to the rank of brigadier general of volunteers. He sought to win control of the Mississippi Valley. In February 1862 he took Fort Henry and attacked Fort Donelson. When the Confederate commander asked for terms, Grant replied, "No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted." The Confederates surrendered, and President Lincoln promoted Grant to major general of volunteers. At Shiloh in April, Grant fought one of the bloodiest battles in the West and came out less well. President Lincoln fended off demands for his removal by saying, "I can't spare this man--he fights." For his next major objective, Grant maneuvered and fought skillfully to win Vicksburg, the key city on the Mississippi, and thus cut the Confederacy in two. Then he broke the Confederate hold on Chattanooga. Lincoln appointed him General-in-Chief in March 1864. Grant directed Sherman to drive through the South while he himself, with the Army of the Potomac, pinned down Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Finally, on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House, Lee surrendered. Grant wrote out magnanimous terms of surrender that would prevent treason trials. As President, Grant presided over the Government much as he had run the Army. Indeed he brought part of his Army staff to the White House. Although a man of scrupulous honesty, Grant as President accepted handsome presents from admirers. Worse, he allowed himself to be seen with two speculators, Jay Gould and James Fisk. When Grant realized their scheme to corner the market in gold, he authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to sell enough gold to wreck their plans, but the speculation had already wrought havoc with business. During his campaign for re-election in 1872, Grant was attacked by Liberal Republican reformers. He called them "narrow-headed men," their eyes so close together that "they can look out of the same gimlet hole without winking." The General's friends in the Republican Party came to be known proudly as "the Old Guard." Grant allowed Radical Reconstruction to run its course in the South, bolstering it at times with military force. After retiring from the Presidency, Grant became a partner in a financial firm, which went bankrupt. About that time he learned that he had cancer of the throat. He started writing his recollections to pay off his debts and provide for his family, racing against death to produce a memoir that ultimately earned nearly $450,000. Soon after completing the last page, in 1885, he died. The Presidential biographies on WhiteHouse.gov are from “The Presidents of the United States of America,” by Frank Freidel and Hugh Sidey. Copyright 2006 by the White House Historical Association


Which 1989 film set during the American Civil War starred Denzel Washington and Matthew Broderick?

Glory (1989) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Robert Gould Shaw leads the US Civil War's first all-black volunteer company, fighting prejudices of both his own Union army and the Confederates. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 36 titles created 04 Jan 2011 a list of 31 titles created 01 Mar 2015 a list of 24 titles created 8 months ago a list of 40 titles created 7 months ago a list of 35 titles created 5 months ago Search for " Glory " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     3     Oscars. Another    11 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Biographical epic of the controversial and influential Black Nationalist leader, from his early life and career as a small-time gangster, to his ministry as a member of the Nation of Islam. Director: Spike Lee The story of Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, a boxer wrongly imprisoned for murder, and the people who aided in his fight to prove his innocence. Director: Norman Jewison A US Army officer, despondent about a deadly mistake he made, investigates a female chopper commander's worthiness for the Medal of Honor. Director: Edward Zwick On a US nuclear missile sub, a young first officer stages a mutiny to prevent his trigger happy captain from launching his missiles before confirming his orders to do so. Director: Tony Scott Antwone Fisher, a young navy man, is forced to see a psychiatrist after a violent outburst against a fellow crewman. During the course of treatment a painful past is revealed and a new hope begins. Director: Denzel Washington On his first day on the job as a Los Angeles narcotics officer, a rookie cop goes on a 24-hour training course with a rogue detective who isn't what he appears. Director: Antoine Fuqua The secret US abduction of a suspected terrorist leads to a wave of terrorist attacks in New York that lead to the declaration of martial law. Director: Edward Zwick In 1863, the Northern and Southern forces fight at Gettysburg in the decisive battle of the American Civil War. Director: Ron Maxwell John Quincy Archibald takes a hospital emergency room hostage when his insurance won't cover his son's heart transplant. Director: Nick Cassavetes When a man with HIV is fired by his law firm because of his condition, he hires a homophobic small time lawyer as the only willing advocate for a wrongful dismissal suit. Director: Jonathan Demme An attorney is terrorized by the criminal he put away years ago when he was a cop. Director: Russell Mulcahy South African journalist Donald Woods is forced to flee the country after attempting to investigate the death in custody of his friend the black activist Steve Biko. Director: Richard Attenborough Edit Storyline Shaw was an officer in the Federal Army during the American Civil War who volunteered to lead the first company of black soldiers. Shaw was forced to deal with the prejudices of both the enemy (who had orders to kill commanding officers of blacks), and of his own fellow officers. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au> Their innocence. Their heritage. Their lives. Nothing would be spared in the fight for their freedom. Genres: 16 February 1990 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Tiempos de gloria See more  » Filming Locations: 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Dolby SR (35 mm prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Fog machines were used throughout the production in an attempt to eradicate any signs of blue sky. Edward Zwick was particularly keen for the film to look as bleak as possible. See more » Goofs The film depicts Shaw accepting regimental command after being promoted directly from Captain to Colonel. Historically, Shaw was not promoted immediately upon taking command of the 54th regiment, He was promoted to Major o