What weapon is associated with Darth Vader?

Darth Vader's lightsaber | Wookieepedia | Fandom powered by Wikia ―Darth Vader [src] Darth Vader's lightsaber was the personal lightsaber of Darth Vader , a Sith Lord. He built the weapon some time after his fall to the Dark side of the Force at the end of the Clone Wars . It replaced the one he lost during his duel with Obi-Wan Kenobi on Mustafar . The lightsaber was equipped with a dual-phase function, allowing the blade's length to be manually controlled and altered in combat . After his accession to Sith Lord , Vader was known to draw his lightsaber when facing Jedi , but also against other opponents, even though he sometimes preferred to use the Force to dispatch lesser victims. The lightsaber would go on to destroy Obi-Wan Kenobi and cut off the hand of his son , Luke Skywalker . During their confrontation on the second Death Star , Luke would return the favor, cutting off the hand of Darth Vader. The lightsaber then fell into the same energy well in which Palpatine perished. This article is a stub . You can help Wookieepedia by expanding it . Contents


Mrs Josephine Cochrane (1839-1913) in the USA is associated with which invention?

JOSEPHINE COCHRANE (1839-1913) Invented the Dishwasher | FORGOTTEN NEWSMAKERS American History , Biography , Entrepreneurs , Feminists , History , Industrial Revolution , Inventions , Millionaires , Trivia , women JOSEPHINE COCHRANE (1839-1913) Invented the Dishwasher In American History , Biography , Entrepreneurs , Feminists , Inventions , Millionaires , People , Trivia , Victorian Women , women on April 20, 2010 at 9:03 AM Josephine Cochrane Josephine Cochrane believed that if you want something done right you better do it yourself.  But when it came time to doing the dishes, she really didn’t want to, so she invented a machine to wash them for her. Cochrane’s early childhood is not known.  After her mother died and her sister moved out, she lived with her father, John Garis, in Ohio and Indiana.   He worked as a supervisor in mills and as a hydraulic engineer, perhaps instilling in Cochrane an instinctive knack for the mechanical.  She attended a private high school, but when it burned down, Garis sent his daughter off to live with her sister in Shelbyville, Illinois.  After high school graduation, Cochrane’s life took a traditional turn.  At age 19 she married 27 year old William Cochran.  In 1857, after a disappointing four years trying to strike it rich in the California Gold Rush, he returned home to Shelbyville and made his mark and fortune in the dry goods business along with other investment opportunities.  No doubt the comfortable life he could offer his bride was one thing she was attracted to.  In spite of her young age and the societal norm at the time, Cochrane was guided by her independent nature and personal confidence.  She assumed her husband’s name but preferred spelling it with an “e” on the end, a point of contention with his family.  The Cochrans had a busy social life, and in 1870 when they moved into what could be considered a mansion, they had the perfect house for entertaining.  They threw dinner parties using heirloom china allegedly dating from the 1600s.  After one event, the servants did the washing up and carelessly chipped some of the dishes.  Cochrane discovered this the next morning while she was putting the dishes away.  She was furious and refused to let the servants handled the china any more.  She may have regretted her decision, but she didn’t give in.  The morning after every subsequent dinner party she begrudgingly endured dishpan hands wondering why someone hadn’t invented a machine that could clean dirty dishes.  This was, after all, the late 19th century, and if someone could invent a machine to sew clothes and cut grass, then how hard could it be? 1  One such morning while she was up to her elbows in soap suds, she had an epiphany.  Why not invent a dish washing machine herself?  Consumed with the idea, she immediately went into the library to think it through, forgetting she was holding a cup in her hand.  Within half an hour Cochrane had the basic concept for the first mechanical dishwasher.  Just like she had been doing by hand, it held the dishes securely (in a rack) while the pressure of spraying water cleaned them off. William Cochran was a rising star in the Democratic Party, but too much alcohol led to a violent temper and illness.  While Cochrane was busy with the details of her invention, William went away for a rest. Unfortunately, he didn’t get well, and he died two weeks later in 1883.   While the Cochrans appeared to be successful socialites to their friends, all was not well at home.  Her husband left Cochrane with a mound of debt and only $1,535.59.  Now, developing the dishwasher was not only for convenience, it was for survival. Her creation had wire compartments for plates, cups and saucers.  They were put inside a wheel that lay flat inside a copper boiler.  A motor turned the wheel pumping hot soapy water from the bottom of the boiler over the dishes.  Cochrane showed her design to a few men for their input which ended up being a frustrating experience.  “I couldn’t get men to do the things I wanted in my way until they had tried and failed in their ow


Dracula (Character) Dracula (Character) from Dracula (1931) The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. Overview The world's most famous vampire, Dracula was conceived... See more  » Alternate Names: Alexander Grayson / Alexander Lucard / Baron / Baron Latos / Big Dracula Head / Comte Dracula / Conde Drï¿½cula / Conde Rï¿½cula / Conte Dracula / Count / Count Caldaur / Count Crackula / Count Dracul / Count Dracula / Count Dracula in 'Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein' / Count Dracula in 'count Dracula' / Count Drakula / Count Drï¿½cula / Count Fuckula / Count Hackula / Count Jackula / Count Karlstein / Count Mockula / Count Orlok / Count Rockula / Count Tom Dracula / Count Vlad Dracula / Count Vladimir Dracula / Count Vladislaus Dracula / Count Zoltan Dracula / Crazy Dracula / Daddy Dracula / Diddy Count Dracula / Dr. Acula / Dr. Alexander Sweet / Dr. Dracula / Dracula & Vlad / Dracula III / Dracula. / Draculetta / Draculette / Dragula / Drake / Drakula / Drï¿½cula / Drï¿½cula / Drï¿½kula / Drï¿½kula v nemï¿½m filmu / Fake Dracula / General Targo / Graaf Dracula / Graf / Graf Dracula / Graf Orlok / Grï¿½f / Kid Count Dracula / Le comte Dracula / Mathias Cronqvist / Mircea Drakula / Movie Dracula / Mr. Drï¿½cula / Orlok / Prince of Darkness / Prof. Lugosi / Richter Belmont / The Count / Vlad / Vlad Dracula / Von Draculea / Zdrakula Filmography ... aka "Frankenpimp 2: The Romeo and Juliet Massacre" - Europe (English title) (alternative title), Jamaica (English title) (alternative title) ... aka "The Romeo and Juliet Massacre" - Australia (alternative title), Canada (English title) (original script title) ... aka "Dracula" - Canada (English title) (short title) ... aka "Dracula Sucks It!" - Canada (English title) (alternative title) ... aka "Frankenpimp's Revenge" - Hong Kong (English title) (alternative title) ... aka "Tex Watt's Frankenpimp 2: The Romeo and Juliet Massacre" - India (English title) (alternative title) ... aka "Tex Watt's Frakenpimp 2: Frakenpimp Goes Ape-Sh#T!" - Japan (English title) (alternative title) ... aka "Jarhead 3" - USA (short title) ... aka "Jarhead III" - USA (alternative title) ... aka "Jarhead III: The Siege" - USA (alternative title) ... aka "Jarhead: The Siegie" - USA (alternative title) ... aka "NBC's Saturday Night" - USA (complete title) ... aka "SNL" - USA (informal title) ... aka "SNL 25" - USA (alternative title) ... aka "Saturday Night" - USA (first season title) ... aka "Saturday Night Live '80" - USA (sixth season title) ... aka "Saturday Night Live 15" - USA (fifteenth season title) ... aka "Saturday Night Live 20" - USA (twentieth season title) ... aka "Saturday Night Live 25" - USA (twentyfifth season title) ... aka "Hotel Transylvania 2 3D" - USA (3-D version) ... aka "Monsters Hotel 2" - Japan (English title) (imdb display title) ... aka "Hulk and the Agents of Smash" - USA (informal alternative title) ... aka "Marvel's Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H." - USA (complete title) ... aka "Marvel's Avengers Assemble" - USA (complete title) ... aka "Marvel's Avengers Ultron Revolution" - USA (third season title) ... aka "Ultimate Spider-Man vs the Sinister 6" - USA (fourth season title) ... aka "Ultimate Spider-Man: Web Warriors" - USA (third season title) ... aka "Cinemassacre's Monster Madness 3" - USA (third season title) ... aka "Cinemassacre's Monster Madness 8" - USA (eighth season title) ... aka "Cinemassacre's Monster Madness 9" - USA (ninth season title) ... aka "Cinemassacre's Monster Madness X" - USA (tenth season title) ... aka "Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: '80s-A-Thon" - USA (sixth season title) ... aka "Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: Camp Cult" - USA (fourth season title) ... aka "Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: Godzilla-Thon" - USA (second season title) ... aka "Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: History of Horror" - USA (first season title) ... aka "Cinemassac


Shallots and scallions are types of what?

How to Tell the Difference Between Spring Onions, Shallots, and Green Onions How to Tell the Difference Between Spring Onions, Shallots, and Green Onions Community Q&A It can be difficult to know the difference between types of onions when they carry different names in different places, markets, and countries. Here are some tips to help you sort it out, especially when it comes to interpreting what the recipe's calling for. Steps 1 Identify green onions. These are onions with such a variety of names that it's easy to be confused. They have long, slender white bases with green tops. Every bit of this onion can be used, both green and white sections, and the green tastes milder than the white. Green onions are also known as "scallions" or "eschallots". They are sometimes mistakenly called shallots or spring onions. 2 Identify spring onions. These are also known as "salad onions" and they're the more mature green onions. The bulb is white and sweet to the taste. While the tops of these onions can be used, they have an intense flavour . 3 Identify shallots. These are also known as "eschallots", " French shallots", or "golden shallots", when just shallots will do really. They are always in a tight cluster and look a little like small brown onions, only far more elongated. Community Q&A


Three great Siberian rivers are the Ob, Lena and which other?

Rivers of Asia, Landforms of Asia - Worldatlas.com LANDFORMS (Rivers) Rivers of Asia - Map & Details Dozens of significant rivers rise in Asia. Here we highlight a few on the map and (briefly) describe some of the most significant ones, including the Ganges, Indus, Lena, Mekong, Ob, Yangtze and Yellow. Ganges The Ganges is the most sacred river to Hindus and is also a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs. It is 1,560 miles (2,510 km) in length. Lena The Lena is the easternmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob River and the Yenisei River). It is the 11th longest river in the world at 2,734 miles (4,400 km). Indus The Indus River originates in Tibet and flows through India and Pakistan. It provides water resources for the economy of Pakistan - especially the Breadbasket of the southeast, which accounts for most of the nation's agricultural production. It is 1,800 miles (2,900 km) in length. Mekong The Mekong is the world's 10th-longest river and the 7th-longest in Asia. Its estimated length is 3,050 (4,909 km) and it provides inland transportation for the millions living along its banks, and tributaries Ob The Ob is a major river in western Siberia, Russia. The Ob is used mostly for irrigation, drinking water, hydroelectric energy, and fishing. It's 2,268 miles (3,650 km) in length. Yangtze China's Yangtze is the longest river in Asia, and the fourth longest in the world at 3,915 miles (6,301 km). The Yangtze drains one-fifth of the land area of the People's Republic of China and its river basin is home to one-third of China's population. Yellow The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China and the sixth longest in the world at 3,395 miles (5,464 km) in length. It's called "the cradle of Chinese civilization" as its basin – specifically, the Wei valley – was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations and the most prosperous region in early Chinese history.


"Which 20th century novelist wrote ""The Quiet American"", ""Stamboul Train"", ""Brighton Rock"" and ""The Power And The Glory""?"

Brighton Rock - Graham Greene - Book Drum Brighton Rock Graham Greene - Credit: Forgács Máté "A stranger with no shortage of calling cards: devout Catholic, lifelong adulterer, pulpy hack, canonical novelist; self-destructive, meticulously disciplined, deliriously romantic, bitterly cynical; moral relativist, strict theologian, salon communist, closet monarchist; civilized to a stuffy fault and louche to drugged-out distraction, anti-imperialist crusader and postcolonial parasite, self-excoriating and self-aggrandizing, to name just a few." Thus wrote Michelle Orange on the strange, multi-faceted nature of English-born author Graham Greene, who created such 20th century literary classics as The Quiet American, Brighton Rock, The Heart of the Matter and The Power and the Glory. Henry Grahame Greene (1904 - 1991), the fourth of six children born to first cousins Charles Henry and Marion Raymond Greene, grew up in Hertfordshire and attended Berkhamstead School , where his father was headmaster. Singled out as a 'softy' by his fellow pupils, and revolted at being forced to live in such close proximity to other boys, he found boarding school incredibly difficult. In his distress he made several suicide attempts, using whatever he had to hand, such as deadly nightshade or hayfever medication. He was finally allowed to become a day pupil after spending six months in psychoanalysis. After leaving school, Greene attended Balliol College, Oxford , where he studied history. Greene once described his student years as 'drunk and debt-ridden', yet his first volume of poetry, Babbling April, was published then, and he became a prolific contributor to the student magazine. He was also, albeit briefly, a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain ,  and in 1933 he held true to his early left-wing principles and joined the Independent Labour Party . Graduating from Oxford in 1925 with a second-class degree, he began working as a journalist in Nottingham, before moving on to become sub-editor of The Times. Raised in the Church of England, Greene converted to Catholicism in 1926 after meeting  Vivien Dayrell-Browning . They were married in 1927, although Greene proved to be a self-confessed 'bad husband and fickle lover'. Their first child, Lucy, was born in 1933, followed by Francis in 1936. In 1947, Greene left Vivienne for Catherine Walston, but the couple were never divorced. In 1929, Greene published his first novel, The Man Within. Its success encouraged his decision to leave The Times and become a full time fiction writer. However his next two books, The Name of Action (1930) and Rumour at Nightfall (1932), proved unpopular, and it was only the publication of Stamboul Train in 1932 (adapted for screen in 1934 as Orient Express) that finally secured his writing career. He supplemented his income during this period of uncertainty by working as a critic for The Spectator. He began to separate his work into two distinct categories: 'entertainments' and 'novels'. His last ‘entertainment’, published in 1958, was Our Man in Havana. In total he wrote 28 novels , including Brighton Rock (1938), The End of The Affair (1951) and The Quiet American (1955). The Third Man (1949) was a novella which became a screenplay, memorably filmed in Vienna with Orson Welles stealing the show. Almost all of Greene's novels were made into films or television programmes. He also wrote four collections of short stories, several screenplays and a number of plays. Greene was an avid traveller, ever on the hunt for fresh inspiration. He was particularly fascinated with countries that were experiencing conflict – 'the worlds’ wildest, remotest places' – such as Kenya, Cuba, Poland and Vietnam. A 400-mile trek through the jungle of Liberia in 1935 gave him the material for Journey Without Maps (1936). Witnessing Mexico's religious purges in 1938 resulted in Lawless Roads (1939) and The Power and The Glory (1940). As a result of these experiences he was recruited by MI6, and during World War II he was posted to Sierra Leone where he worked for the Ministry of Info


Who was twice the prime minister of Jamaica between 1972 and 1992?

Jamaica: History Jamaica History History to Independence Sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1494, Jamaica was conquered and settled in 1509 by Spaniards under a license from Columbus's son. Spanish exploitation decimated the native Arawaks. The island remained Spanish until 1655, when Admiral William Penn and Robert Venables captured it; it was formally ceded to England in 1670, but the local European population obtained a degree of autonomy. Jamaica prospered from the wealth brought by buccaneers, notably Sir Henry Morgan , to Port Royal, the capital; in 1692, however, much of the city sank into the sea during an earthquake, and Spanish Town became the new capital. A huge, mostly African, slave population grew up around the sugarcane plantations in the 18th cent., when Jamaica was a leading world sugar producer. Freed and escaped slaves, sometimes aided by the maroons (slaves who had escaped to remote areas after Spain lost control of Jamaica), succeeded in organizing frequent uprisings against the European landowners. The sugar industry declined in the 19th cent., partly because of the abolition of slavery in 1833 (effective 1838) and partly because of the elimination in 1846 of the imperial preference tariff for colonial products entering the British market. Economic hardship was the prime motive behind the Morant Bay rebellion by freedmen in 1865. The British ruthlessly quelled the uprising and also forced the frightened legislature to surrender its powers; Jamaica became a crown colony. Poverty and economic decline led many blacks to seek temporary work in neighboring Caribbean areas and in the United States; many left the island permanently, emigrating to England, Canada, and the United States. Indians were imported to meet the labor shortage on the plantations after the slaves were freed, and agriculture was diversified to lessen dependence on sugar exports. A new constitution in 1884 marked the initial revival of local autonomy for Jamaica. Despite labor and other reforms, black riots recurred, notably those of 1938, which were caused mainly by unemployment and resentment against British racial policies. Jamaican blacks had been considerably influenced by the theories of black nationalism promulgated by the American expatriate Marcus Garvey . A royal commission investigating the 1938 riots recommended an increase of economic development funds and a faster restoration of representative government for Jamaica. In 1944 universal adult suffrage was introduced, and a new constitution provided for a popularly elected house of representatives. An Independent Nation By 1958, Jamaica became a key member of the British-sponsored West Indies Federation . The fact that Jamaica received only one third of the representation in the federation, despite its having more than half the land area and population of the grouping, bred resentment; a campaign by the nationalist labor leader Sir Alexander Bustamante led to a 1961 decision, by popular referendum, to withdraw from the federation. The following year Jamaica became an independent member of the Commonwealth. Bustamante, leader of the JLP, became the first prime minister of independent Jamaica. The party continued in power under Donald B. Sangster after the 1967 elections; he died in office and was succeeded by Hugh Shearer . In 1972 the PNP won an impressive victory, and Michael Manley became prime minister. Although the PNP administration worked effectively to promote civil liberties and reduce illiteracy, economic problems proved more difficult. In 1976 the PNP won decisively after a violent election contest between the two parties. The PNP continued to promote socialist policies, nationalizing businesses and strengthening ties to Cuba. Lack of foreign investment and aid continued to hurt the economy. In 1980 the JLP returned to power, with the moderate Edward Seaga as prime minister. Seaga's administration favored privatization, distanced itself from Cuba, attracted foreign investment, stimulated tourism, and won substantial U.S. aid. However, two major hurricanes (1980, 19


What is a specialised stem, leaf or petiole with a threadlike shape that is used by climbing plants for support and attachment, usually by twining around whatever it touches?

Tendril T Tendril In botany , a tendril is a specialized stem, leaf or petiole with a threadlike shape that is used by climbing plants for support and attachment, generally by twining around whatever it touches. They do not have a lamina or blade, but they can photosynthesize . They can be formed from modified shoots, modified leaves, or auxiliary branches. History The earliest and most comprehensive study of tendrils was Charles Darwin's monograph On the Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants, which was originally published in 1865. This work also coined the term circumnutation to describe the motion of growing stems and tendrils seeking supports. Biology of tendrils In the garden pea, it is only the terminal leaflets that are modified to become tendrils. In other plants such as the yellow vetch (Lathyrus aphaca) the whole leaf is modified to become tendrils while the stipules become enlarged and carry out photosynthesis. Still others use the rachis of a compound leaf as a tendril, such as members of the genus Clematis . The specialised pitcher traps of Nepenthes plants form on the end of tendrils. The tendrils of aerial pitchers are usually coiled in the middle. If the tendril comes into contact with an object for long enough it will usually curl around it, forming a strong anchor point for the pitcher. In this way, the tendrils help to support the growing stem of the plant. Tendril can also be used to describe a wisp of hair or indeed anything that resembles the tendrils of plants. (Wikipedia)


"""Nicholas Blake"" was the pseudonym of which author?"

Nicholas Blake (Author of The Beast Must Die) edit data Nicholas Blake is the pseudonym of poet Cecil Day-Lewis C. Day Lewis who was born in Ireland in 1904. He was the son of the Reverend Frank Cecil Day-Lewis and his wife Kathleen (nee Squires). His mother died in 1906 and he and his father moved to London where he was brought up by his father with the help of an aunt. He spent his holidays in Wrexford and regarded himself very much as anglo-irish, although when the Republic of Ireland was declared in 1948 he chose British citizenship. He was married twice, to Mary King in 1928 and to Jill Balcon in 1951 and during the 1940s he had a long love affair with novelist Rosamond Lehmann. He had four children from his two marriages with actor Daniel Day-Lewis, documentary filmmaker and television chef Nicholas Blake is the pseudonym of poet Cecil Day-Lewis C. Day Lewis who was born in Ireland in 1904. He was the son of the Reverend Frank Cecil Day-Lewis and his wife Kathleen (nee Squires). His mother died in 1906 and he and his father moved to London where he was brought up by his father with the help of an aunt. He spent his holidays in Wrexford and regarded himself very much as anglo-irish, although when the Republic of Ireland was declared in 1948 he chose British citizenship. He was married twice, to Mary King in 1928 and to Jill Balcon in 1951 and during the 1940s he had a long love affair with novelist Rosamond Lehmann. He had four children from his two marriages with actor Daniel Day-Lewis, documentary filmmaker and television chef Tamasin Day-Lewis and TV critic and writer Sean Day-Lewis being three of his children. He began work as a schoolmaster and during World War II he worked as a publications editor in the Ministry of Information. After the war he joined Chatto & Windus as a senior editor and director and then in 1946 he began lecturing at Cambridge University. He later taught poetry at Oxford University, where he was Professor of Poetry from 1951-1956 and from 1962-1963 he was the Norton Professor at Harvard University. But he was by then earning his living mainly from his writings, having had some poetry published in the late 1920s and early 1930s and then in 1935 beginning his career as a thriller writer with 'A Question of Proof', which featured his amateur sleuth Nigel Strangeways, reputedly modelled on W H Auden. He continued the Strangeways series, which finally totalled 16 novels ending with 'The Morning After Death' in 1966. He also wrote four detective novels which did not feature Strangeways. He continued to write poetry and became Poet Laureate in 1968, a post he held until his death in 1972. He was also awarded the CBE. He died from pancreatic cancer on 22 May 1972 at the Hertfordshire home of Kingsley Amis and Elizabeth Jane Howard, where he and his wife were staying. He is buried in Stinsford churchyard, close to the grave of one of his heroes Thomas Hardy, something that he had arranged before his death. ...more


Who was the 2014 Formula One World Champion driver?

Drivers Drivers Championship Formula 1® Drivers The headline change among the 2017 driver line-ups is Valtteri Bottas joining reigning champions Mercedes as Lewis Hamilton's new team mate, following Nico Rosberg’s surprise retirement. Mercedes protege Esteban Ocon arrives at Force India from Manor, replacing Nico Hulkenberg who takes a works drive at Renault. At Haas, Kevin Magnussen is Romain Grosjean’s new team mate after departing Renault. At Williams, Felipe Massa reverses his retirement decision to partner Canadian rookie Lance Stroll, while at McLaren, Stoffel Vandoorne lines up alongside Fernando Alonso in the Belgian’s first full season on the grid. And Pascal Wehrlein moves from Manor to Sauber as team mate to Marcus Ericsson. To learn more about the world champions on the current grid - and since the inception of the drivers' title in 1950 - visit our Hall of Fame section. The headline change among the 2017 driver line-ups is Valtteri Bottas joining reigning champions Mercedes as Lewis Hamilton's new team mate, following Nico Rosberg’s surprise retirement. Mercedes protege Esteban Ocon arrives at Force India from Manor, replacing Nico Hulkenberg who takes a works drive at Renault. At Haas, Kevin Magnussen is Romain Grosjean’s new team mate after departing Renault. At Williams, Felipe Massa reverses his retirement decision to partner Canadian rookie Lance Stroll, while at McLaren, Stoffel Vandoorne lines up alongside Fernando Alonso in the Belgian’s first full season on the grid. And Pascal Wehrlein moves from Manor to Sauber as team mate to Marcus Ericsson. To learn more about the world champions on the current grid - and since the inception of the drivers' title in 1950 - visit our Hall of Fame section. 2016 Drivers Championship


Who won the World Darts Championship 4 times in the 1980s?

That 1980s Sports Blog: 1989 World Darts Championship A blog about anything to do with sport in the 1980s. Thursday, 10 January 2013 1989 World Darts Championship Such was the popularity of darts in the UK at the start of the 1980s that it was hardly surprising come the end of the decade that the nation's love affair with the sport had waned considerably. As with any relationship, you have the initial excitement, the buzz of anticipation during those early days when everything is so new and different, but over time you have to be on your guard that things do not become stale and repetitive, otherwise there may be trouble ahead. In 1989, darts and television were definitely going through a cooling off period. The BDO World Championships was now the only tournament to be shown live on national television, and although the image of the sport was being addressed - this would be the first World Championships where players could not drink alcohol on stage - the writing was on the wall for the marriage. The messy divorce would arrive in 1993, which eventually would lead us to the world of darts that we see today. In 1989 though, this seemed a million miles away, as the world's best players arrived at the Lakeside Country Club, Frimley Green, Surrey, to contest the 12th World Darts Championship. The little talk there was before the tournament began, focused on one man - Eric Bristow MBE. This was hardly surprising, as the darting legend himself modestly pointed out during the championship: "Let's face it, when people talk darts they talk Eric Bristow." Bristow's recently awarded MBE in the Queen's New Year Honours list, had certainly put the game back into the headlines. Understandably, Bristow was cock-a-hoop at receiving his award: "I was delighted with the honour and I'll be a proud man when I go to the Palace to receive it." Yet opinion elsewhere was less than enthusiastic. Bristow's great rival, John Lowe, commenting on the negative reaction to Bristow's MBE, stated: "The adverse publicity this award has sparked off seems certain to backfire on the game. I don't begrudge Eric his award but it has become an excuse for all and sundry to pour scorn on darts." The general point of view of Joe Public, we were led to believe, was that Bristow had earned an MBE for "only throwing darts", and that a darts player was an unworthy recipient of such a prestigious honour. T. Higgins of Portsmouth was one of many to voice his views in the letter pages of the Daily Mirror: "Darts star Eric Bristow, TV comedy stars Penelope Keith and Richard Briers and others haven't achieved much beyond getting well paid for their jobs." Perhaps Lowe was right, in that Bristow's MBE had provided an opportunity for the darts bashers to once again clear their throats, but surely if anyone in the sport was deserving of such an award, then it was the five-times World Champion? From a purely playing perspective, it looked as if Bristow was again the man to beat. Although he had been through the hell of dartitis in the past few years (see the fourth point on my list of sporting what ifs of the 1980s), the Crafty Cockney was beginning to return to form; he won the £42,500 World Grand Prix title in Tokyo in June, 1988, the World Match Play championship in October, and the Challenge of Champions In New York. Crucially it appeared as if the old swagger was back. "It's true I was struggling with my darts this time last year but that's all behind me. I'm throwing well again and I'm really looking forward to the championship," said Bristow, adding that the Embassy World Championship was the "Wimbledon of darts" (presumably the tennis tournament, and not a reference to the Crazy Gang). Bristow was also in a much better shape physically, his discovery of golf apparently helping him to lose two and a half stone in weight. Certainly the bookies were impressed enough to install Bristow as the 3/1 favourite. Another man attempting to recreate former glories was Jocky Wilson. The 1982 World Champion was still as popular as ever - from Dexys Midnight Runners  to his own compu


What is the name of the style of roasting meat, whereby it is skewered on a spit and slowly rotated over a flame?

Patent US6837149 - Rotisserie device comprising a tiltable spit - Google Patents Rotisserie device comprising a tiltable spit US 6837149 B1 Abstract A rotisserie device for roasting meats, comprising a casing and a spit rotatably mounted to the casing. The casing comprises a vertical main portion, and a horizontal base perpendicularly attached to and extending beyond the vertical main portion. The horizontal base is provided with a residue-collecting drawer underlying the spit for collecting cooking residues. The vertical main portion of the casing comprises heating elements thereon, and also comprises top and bottom elongated tracks, to which are rollingly mounted a top spit attachment assembly and a bottom rolling member, respectively. The spit rotatably engages the top spit attachment assembly at its top end, and rotatably engages the bottom rolling member at its bottom end. By rollingly displacing the top spit attachment assembly about the top elongated track and the bottom rolling member about bottom elongated track, the spit can be tilted and/or translated relative to the heating elements of the device. Images(6) 1. A rotisserie device for cooking meat, comprising: a casing; at least one heating element mounted to a heating surface of said casing; an elongated rotatable spit located in spaced facing register with said heating surface, said spit defining opposite first and second end portions; a first joint member carried by said casing and movable along a first axis towards and away from said heating elements, and pivotable about a second axis perpendicular to said first axis, said spit front end portion being rotatably carried by said first joint member; and a second joint member carried by said casing and movable along a third axis towards and away from said heating surface, said third axis being parallel to said first axis, said second joint member being pivotable about a fourth axis perpendicular to said third axis and parallel to said second axis, said spit second end portion being rotatably carried by said second joint member. 2. The rotisserie device as in claim 1 , further comprising a power device operatively connected to said spit, wherein said power device can be selectively activated for driving said spit into rotation. 3. The rotisserie device as in claim 1 , wherein said casing further comprises first and second spaced-apart tracks, extending along said first and third axes respectively, said first track slidably carrying said first joint member, and said second track slidably carrying said second joint member. 4. The rotisserie device as in claim 3 , further comprising first and second rolling members, said first joint member being attached to said first rolling member and said first rolling member rollingly and slidably engaging said first track, said second joint member being attached to said second rolling member and said second rolling member rollingly and slidably engaging said second track. 5. The rotisserie device as in claim 1 , wherein said spit further comprises a platter attached to an intermediate portion thereof in a perpendicular fashion, for longitudinally supporting food skewered on said spit. 6. The rotisserie device as in claim 1 wherein said casing comprises a residue-collecting drawer underlying said spit, for collecting cooking residues. 7. A rotisserie device for cooking meal, comprising: a casing; first and second parallel elongated guiding tracks protruding from and attached to said casing; a first joint member and a second joint member, said first joint member displaceably engaging said first guiding track, and said second joint member displaceably engaging said second guiding track; a number of heating elements mounted to said casing; an elongated spit defining a first end and a second end, said spit first end rotationally connected to said casing at said first joint member, and said spit second end rotationally connected to said casing at said second joint member, said spit being rotationally mounted to said casing in facing register with said heating elements; wherein said


"Which American jazz musician, clarinettist and bandleader, known as ""King of Swing"", ""Patriarch of the Clarinet"", ""The Professor"", and ""Swing's Senior Statesman"", in the mid-1930s led one of the most popular musical groups in America, which was also one of the first racially-integrated musical groups?"

Benny Goodman | Religion-wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] Childhood and early years Goodman was born in Chicago , Illinois, the ninth of twelve children of poor Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire, [3] who lived in the Maxwell Street neighborhood. His father was David Goodman, a tailor from Warsaw; his mother was Dora Rezinski (from Kaunas). His parents met in Baltimore, Maryland, and moved to Chicago before Benny was born. [1] When Benny was 10, his father enrolled him and two of his older brothers in music lessons at the Kehelah Jacob Synagogue. The next year he joined the boys club band at Jane Addams' Hull House, where he received lessons from director James Sylvester. He also received two years of instruction from the classically trained clarinetist Franz Schoepp. [4] His early influences were New Orleans jazz clarinetists working in Chicago, notably Johnny Dodds, Leon Roppolo, and Jimmy Noone. [1] Goodman learned quickly, becoming a strong player at an early age: he was soon playing professionally in various bands. When Goodman was 16, he joined one of Chicago's top bands, the Ben Pollack Orchestra, with which he made his first recordings in 1926. [1] He made his first record on Vocalion under his own name two years later. Goodman recorded with the regular Pollack band and smaller groups drawn from the orchestra through 1929. The side sessions produced scores of sides recorded for the various dime-store record labels under an array of group names, including Mills' Musical Clowns, Goody's Good Timers, The Hotsy Totsy Gang, Jimmy Backen's Toe Ticklers, Dixie Daisies, and Kentucky Grasshoppers. Goodman's father, David, was a working-class immigrant about whom Benny said (interview, Downbeat, February 8, 1956); "...Pop worked in the stockyards, shoveling lard in its unrefined state. He had those boots, and he'd come home at the end of the day exhausted, stinking to high heaven, and when he walked in it made me sick. I couldn't stand it. I couldn't stand the idea of Pop every day standing in that stuff, shoveling it around". On December 9, 1926, David Goodman was killed in a traffic accident. Benny had recently joined the Pollack band and was urging his father to retire, since he and his brother (Harry) were now doing well as professional musicians. According to James Lincoln Collier, "Pop looked Benny in the eye and said, 'Benny, you take care of yourself, I'll take care of myself.'" Collier continues: "It was an unhappy choice. Not long afterwards, as he was stepping down from a streetcar—according to one story—he was struck by a car. He never regained consciousness and died in the hospital the next day. It was a bitter blow to the family, and it haunted Benny to the end that his father had not lived to see the success he, and some of the others, made of themselves." [5] "Benny described his father's death as 'the saddest thing that ever happened in our family.'" [6] Career Goodman left for New York City and became a successful session musician during the late 1920s and early 1930s (mostly with Ben Pollack 's band between 1926 and 1929). He played with the nationally known bands of Ben Selvin, Red Nichols, Isham Jones (although he is not on any of Jones's records), and Ted Lewis. He recorded sides for Brunswick under the name Bennie Goodman's Boys, a band that featured Glenn Miller. In 1928, Benny Goodman and Glenn Miller wrote the instrumental "Room 1411", which was released as a Brunswick 78. He also recorded musical soundtracks for movie shorts; fans believe that Benny Goodman's clarinet can be heard on the soundtrack of One A. M., a Charlie Chaplin comedy re-released to theaters in 1934. During this period as a successful session musician, John Hammond arranged for a series of jazz sides recorded for and issued on Columbia starting in 1933 and continuing until his signing with Victor in 1935, during his success on radio. There were also a number of commercial studio sides recorded for Melotone between late 1930 and mid-1931 under Goodman's name. The all-star Columbia sides featured Jack Teagarden, Jo


The two official languages of Paraguay are Spanish and what other?

Spanish in Paraguay | Learn Spanish online for free with VeinteMundos GDP: Total – US$ 14.95 billion (2009) GPD: Per Capita – US$ 2,350 The Spanish Language in Paraguay Most Paraguayans speak both Guarani and Spanish. In fact, it is the only Latin American country where the majority of the population is bilingual. It is, therefore, not surprising that the Spanish spoken in Paraguay has strong influences from Guarani, especially in syntax. Intonation is not as strong and marked as in the Spanish spoken in neighboring Argentina and Uruguay, but some similarities can be noted such as the almost exclusive use of ‘voseo’. Some typical characteristics are the replacement of pronouns ‘la’ and ‘lo’ by “le” or the pronunciation of ‘f’ as an ‘h’-sound (fuego = huego). Special words and expressions More VeinteMundos’ articles here . Other languages spoken Guarani is an official language along with Spanish; it is understood by over 90 % of the population.   Close to 20 additional Amerindian languages are still spoken in Paraguay German – There are some 25,000 German-speaking Mennonites living in the Chaco region. Groups of Italians and Ukrainians (over 25,000 speakers for each language), as well as smaller groups of Russians, Japanese, Koreans, Chinese, and Arabs, have settled in Paraguay and maintained their respective languages. Spanish dialects and variations Only 7% of Paraguayans speak only Spanish; most of the population is bilingual, giving their Spanish a strong Guarani influence. Differences can be noted in the dialect and the degree of influence from Guarani depending on the geographic location and social class. Regions found along the borders with Argentina and Uruguay have a dialect very similar to Rioplatense. Geography and Climate Separated by the large Paraguay river, the terrain is made up of wooded slopes netted with rivers and lakes to the east and vast semi-arid planes to the west. The climate in the west is tropical but subject to drought and flooding. The east is more humid with a large amount of rainfall year-round. Destinations in Paraguay Rivers (Rio Jejui, Monday River – rafting, kayaking, fishing, wildlife…) Nature (Parque Nacional Cerro Caro – hiking, bird-watching, wildlife observation, lakes, forests…) Agrogandaderia Jejui (rural life, agro-tourism) Native Cultures (native inhabitants, tribes, customs, gastronomy) Estancia Cerro Leon (historic site, railway station, Franciscan church…) Other Cities (Cuidad del Este, Capiatá) Asunción (Old City, architecture, museums, music) History & Politics The first Europeans to inhabit Paraguay were Jesuit priests whose mission was to convert the indigenous populations to Catholicism. Paraguay gained independence from Spain in 1811 but was devastated in the War of the Triple Alliance against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, which lasted five years and finally came to an end in 1870. Over half of the Paraguayan population was lost in this war along with huge tracts of land, causing Paraguay to remain an entirely land-locked country with a population consisting of only about 15% men. In 1954 Paraguay entered a thirty year period of dictatorship that left the country in deep political instability. ¿Sabías qué….? The Paraguayan flag along with the national flags of Moldova and Saudi Arabia are the only national flags with different emblems on their obverse and reverse sides. Famous People Agustín Barrios (guitarist and composer) Roque Santa Cruz (football/soccer player) José Asunción Flores (composer) Augusto Roa Bastos (writer, Nobel Prize nominee for I, the Supreme) Jose Luis Chilavert (famous soccer player) Rosana de los Ríos (tennis player) General Alfredo Stroessner (military dictator) Berta Rojas (classical guitarist) Manuel Ortiz Guerrero (poet) Media The media represents a wide range of political views, including those of the opposition. However, subjects concerning corruption or political unrest are still often considered too risky for journalists and media sources as they are liable to face harassment and intimidation from powerful figures and parties.


What is the next in this sequence: Madison, Monroe, Polk , Buchanan, Garfield ... ?

98 Fun Facts about U.S. Presidents | FactRetriever.com 98 Fun Facts about U.S. Presidents By Karin Lehnardt, Senior Writer Published September 17, 2016 The only president to be unanimously elected was George Washington (1732-1799). He also refused to accept his presidential salary, which was $25,000 a year.[2] Because the KKK was a powerful political force, Truman was encouraged to join the organization. According to some accounts, he was inducted, though he was “never active.” Other accounts claim that though he gave the KKK a $10 membership fee, he demanded it back and was never inducted or initiated.[6][9] Grover Cleveland was the only president in history to hold the job of a hangman. He was once the sheriff of Erie County, New York, and twice had to spring the trap at a hanging.[11] The “S” in Harry S Truman doesn’t stand for anything; therefore, there is no period after his middle initial.[10] Lincoln Logs are named after Abraham Lincoln and the log cabin where he was born. John Lloyd Wright, son of famous architect Francis Lloyd Wright, invented them.[11] By carving up Shakespeare's chair, Jefferson and Adams became some of America's earliest vandals Thomas Jefferson and John Adams once traveled to Stratford-upon-Avon to visit Shakespeare’s birthplace. While there, they took a knife to one of Shakespeare’s chairs so they could take home some wood chips as souvenirs.[9] James Madison and Thomas Jefferson were once arrested together for taking a carriage ride in the countryside of Vermont on a Sunday, which violated the laws of that state.[9] Andrew Johnson is the only tailor ever to be president. As president, he would typically stop by a tailor shop to say hello. He would wear only the suits that he made himself.[1] George Washington never lived in the White House. The capital was actually located in Philadelphia and other cities when Washington was president. He is also the only president who didn’t represent a political party.[2] James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) is the first president to ever talk on the phone. When he spoke to Alexander Graham Bell, who was at the other end 13 miles away, he said: “Please speak a little more slowly.”[11] Twenty-ninth president Warren Gamaliel Harding (1865-1923) repeatedly made love to a young girl, Nan Britton, in a White House closet. On one occasion, Secret Service agents had to stop his wife from beating down the closet door.[5] Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) was the first president to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C.[8] The term “O.K.” derives from President Martin Van Buren (1782-1862) who was known as “Old Kinderhook” because he was raised in Kinderhook, New York. “O.K.” clubs were created to support Van Buren’s campaigns.[11] President Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) is the only president to be elected to two nonconsecutive terms. He was the 22nd and 24th president.[10] Bush is the only recorded U.S. president in history to vomit on a foreign dignitary After President Bush Sr. vomited on the Japanese Prime Minister, a new word entered the Japanese language. Bushusuru means “to do the Bush thing,” or to publicly vomit.[11] John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s (1917-1963) famous inaugural line “Ask not what you your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country” echoes similar directives made by many others, including Cicero, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and President Warren G. Harding, who told the 1916 Republican convention: “We must have a citizenship less concerned about what the government can do for it, and more anxious about what it can do for the nation.”[11] Martin Van Buren was the first to be a United States citizen. All previous presidents were born British subjects.[7] Six presidents were named James: Madison, Monroe, Polk, Buchanan, Garfield, and Carter.[11] President Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was the only president to serve in both WWI and WWII.[8] Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-1994) was the first president to visit all 50 states and the first to visit China. He is the only president to resign.[10] James Earl “Jimmy” Carter (1924-) was the first presi


The Great Barrier Reef lies off which country?

Great Barrier Reef -- World Heritage Site -- National Geographic Criteria: (vii)(viii)(ix)(x) Reason for Designation: This sprawling coral reef system is one of the most biologically diverse places on the planet. * * * You can spend a lifetime exploring the Great Barrier Reef and still not see all of this colorful coral realm—it’s nearly the size of Montana. Sprawling off the east coast of Queensland, Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is not a single reef but a group of more than 2,800 distinct entities. It stretches over 1,250 miles (2,000 kilometers) north to south and covers some 135,000 square miles (350,000 square kilometers) in total. The reef system is the largest structure on Earth built by living organisms, tiny hard corals that are no bigger than a fingernail. When corals die in countless numbers their limestone-secreted skeletons build upon one another to form the bedrock of the reef. The magnificent structures we see today were produced by a slow process played out over millions of years. Reefs grow only about half an inch (1.3 centimeters) a year. Some 2,000 different fish species have been identified on the Great Barrier Reef, and new ones are found each year. Scientists estimate that the reef is home to 4,000 mollusk species and over 250 different shrimp species. Even the corals that construct the reef itself are diverse—numbering some 400 species. This colorful aquatic ecosystem is home to a staggering diversity of plant and lower animal life but is also frequented by larger species like dugongs, sea turtles, sharks, and dolphins. In order to protect these biological treasures, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, still the world’s largest national marine sanctuary, was designated in 1975. Some two million tourists visit the Great Barrier Reef each year, driving an eco-economy that has been estimated to top one billion dollars annually. How to Get There Most day trips to the reef leave on boats from coastal centers like Cairns or Port Douglas. Most of the reef is dozens of miles offshore and must be reached by boat journeys of one to several hours. When to Go The Great Barrier Reef lies in tropical waters where temperatures are warm enough to offer enjoyable swimming and diving year round—though averages can vary 10°F (5.5°C) from winter to summer. Peak tourism time on the reef is April through November, but even in winter ocean water temperatures typically top 72°F (22°C). Daytime temperatures during the summer months (December to March) can be quite hot—particularly in the northern regions of the reef. How to Visit High-speed catamarans take day-trip visitors to the reef, often docking at special base camp platforms equipped for snorkeling, diving, or exploration via glass-sided semi-submersibles. Other boat tours, including sailboats, provide a more leisurely experience. Private charters are available for snorkeling, diving, whale watching, or fishing adventures—including overnight live-aboard vessels for journeys to more remote locations. Aircraft and helicopter flights offer a bird's-eye view of the massive reef system, much of which lies close to the surface in clear, warm waters. Comment on This Story


What is the highest hereditary title in the British peerage?

British Titles and Orders of Precedence | Edwardian Promenade Subscribe to the newsletter and get Edwardian-themed news delivered straight to your inbox! British Titles and Orders of Precedence The British title and its order of precedence is the most baffling, yet simple concept on the planet. Children of nobility and those who wished to become a part of it had the following concepts drilled into their heads from birth. Since neither of us are lords or ladies, we generally have to muddle along in hope of getting it right. Below you’ll find the order of precedence directly from a book of heraldry published in 1910. Things have obviously changed since then, but this was the rule of thumb for harried hostesses throughout the 19th century. TITLES Duke: The highest rank and title in the British peerage, first introduced by Edward III in 1337 when he created the Black Prince the first English duke. A Duke is “Most Noble”; he is styled “My Lord Duke” and “Your Grace” and all his younger sons are “Lords” and all his daughters “Ladies” with the prefix “Right Honorable”. The coronet of a duke is a circlet, heightened with eight conventional strawberry leaves, and encloses a velvet cap. Marquess/Marquis: The second order of the British peerage, in rank next to that of the Duke. Introduced in 1387 by Richard II. A Marquess is “Most Honorable”; he is styled “My Lord Marquess” all his younger sons are “Lords” and his daughters “Ladies”; his eldest sons bears his father’s “second title”. The coronet is a golden circlet heightened by four strawberry leaves and as many pearls, arranged alternately. Earl: In Latin, “Comes” in French “Comte” or “Count.” Before 1337, the highest, and now the third degree of rank and dignity in the British peerage. An earl is “Right Honorable”; he is styled “My Lord”, the eldest son bears his father’s “second title,” generally that of Viscount; his other sons are “Honorable” but all his daughters are “Ladies.” The circlet of an Earl’s coronet has eight lofty rays of gold rising from the circlet, each of which supports a large pearl, while between each pair of these rays is a golden strawberry leaf. Viscount: The fourth degree of rank and dignity in the British peerage. Introduced by Henry VI in 1440. A Viscount is a “Right Honorable” and is styled “My Lord.” All his sons and daughters are “Honorable.” The coronet has a row of sixteen small pearls set on the circlet. Baron: The lowest rank in the British peerage. A Baron is “Right Honorable” and is styled “My Lord”. The coronet is a golden circlet topped by six large pearls. An Irish baron has no coronet. All children of a Baron are “Honorable.” Baronet: A hereditary rank, lower than the peerage, instituted in 1612 by James I, who fixed the precedence of baronets before all Knights, those of the Order of the Garter alone excepted. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE The Younger sons of the Sovereign The Grandsons of the Sovereign The Brothers of the Sovereign The Uncles The Lord President of the Council The Lord Privy Seal The following Great Officers of the State precede all Peers of their own Degree–that is, if Dukes, they precede all other Dukes; if Earls, all other Earls, etcetera. The Lord Great Chamberlain The Lord Steward of the Royal Household The Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household The Master of the Horse The Peers of each Degree take Precedence in their own Degree, according to their Patents of Creation. Dukes (a) of England, (b) of Scotland, (c) of Great Britain, (d) of Ireland, (e) of the United Kingdom and, if created since the Union of Ireland. Marquesses (vide Dukes) Bishops of (a) London, (b) Durham, and (c) Winchester Bishops, according to Seniority of Consecration Barons (vide Dukes) The Speaker of the House of Commons Commissioners of Great Seal The (a) Treasurer and the (b) Comptroller of the Royal Household Vice-Chamberlain of the Household The Secretaries of States, when not Peers Eldest sons of viscounts Knights of the Garter, Thistle and St. Patrick, not being Peers Privy Councillors The Chancellor of the Exchequer The Chancellor of the Duchy of


A drink dating from the 15th century and particularly popular in the 18th, was regarded as a health-giving drink and good for hangovers. It contained milk, spices and ale or other alcohol; what was it called?

The Food Timeline--beverages Ancient brew & recipe ingredient too. "No one has yet managed to date the origins of beer with any precision, and it is probably an impossible task. Indeed, there are scholars who have theorized that a taste for ale prompted the beginning of agriculture, in which case humans have been brewing for some 10,000 years...Most archaeological evidence, however, suggests that fermentation was being used in one manner or another by around 4000 to 3500 B.C. Some of this evidence--from an ancient Mesopotamian trading outpost called Godin Tepe in present-day Iran--indicates that barley was being fermented at that location around 3500 B.C....We know that not much later the Sumerians were...making beer...At approximately the same time, people of the ancient Nubian culture to the south of Egypt were also fermenting a crude, ale-like beverage known as bousa." ---Cambridge World History of Food, Kenneth F. Kiple & Conee R. Ornelas [Cambridge University Press:Cambridge] 2000, Volume One (p. 620) "The brewing of beer may well have occurred soon after the production of cereal crops, and no doubt for a long time beer was home-produced and in the hands of the housewives responsible for preparing the 'gruel' or bread. Malting the grain is the first step in beer-brewing, but malting--that is, allowing the grains to germinate --was initially carried out to make the grains more palatable. After malting, besides being mixed into a nourishing gruel, the grains could also be dried, milled and baked into a more easily preserved kind of bread. Thus, the first production of beer may be reasonably considered as an accidental discovery resulting from the malting of grain for other purposes. When cereals came to be more often baked into bread and less often turned into gruel, malting was not so necessary and became part of the brewer's trade only. By the third millennium BC, Mesopotamia was already well versed in beer-brewing and old Sumerian texts mention eight barley beers, eight emmer beers and three mixed beers. Aromatic plants were added to the beer to improve the flavour and to assist in its preservation, and extra honey, cereals and malt gave varying added strengths. Up to the millennium, the grains were de-husked, but husked grains then began to be brewed and beer was drunk through the drinking-tubes to be seen in several relief carvings...Brewing followed much the same pattern in Egypt, where too it originally went hand in hand with baking...As early as the Pyramid Age five kinds of beer were noted...Indeed, it is considered that the ancient brewers probably made stronger beer than we now know, owing to the wild yeast which caused the fermentation that produced a greater alcohol content...Beer, to the Greeks and Romans, was a barbarian drink...The North European peoples of those days such as the Celts and the Germans did not yet know the wine-grape and the art of viticulture, so after the introduction of cereal agriculture their drink remained beer for a very long time." ---Food in Antiquity (p. 166-167) "...much of the artistic evidence of the early days of brewing in the Near East, the commencement of which we believe to be around 8,000 years ago, suggests a strong link with bread-making. This relationship seems to have been perpetuated by the time that the ancient Egyptians started to brew..." ---A History of Beer and Brewing, Ian S. Hornsey [RSC:Cambridge] 2003 (p. 10) Beer batter Our survey of country-specific cookbooks and beer history texts suggests beer batter, as we know it today, descends from northern Europe , possibly in the middle ages. Beer batter seems to gained popularity in the USA during the 1970s and 1980s. Several articles printed in the New York Times review restaurants featuring a variety of beer batter/deep fried vegetables and meats. Three of the most popular recipes are for onions, mushrooms and shrimp. "Beer is one of the world's most favorite drinks, and most Americans think of it as just that and nothing more. Curious, because it is by no means a novelty in cooking. In the


The shores of the African continent are variously on the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and which other body of water?

Africa Africa Burkina Faso Burkina Faso is a landlocked West African state. With a total border length of 3,192 kilometers (1,984 miles), Burkina Faso is bordered by Mali to the north and west; Niger to the east; and Benin, Togo, Ghana, and Cote d'Ivoire to the south. Cameroon Located on the west coast of Central Africa, Cameroon covers an area of 475,400 square kilometers (183,695 square miles), slightly more than California. Land boundaries extend for a total of 4,591 kilometers (2,853 miles) between Nigeria to the northwest, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic (C.A.R.) to the east, and the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea to the south. Cape Verde Cape Verde is an archipelago of 10 islands and 5 islets situated 483 kilometers (300 miles) due west of Dakar, Senegal, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Cape Verde's total land area is 4,033 square kilometers (1,557 square miles), which makes it slightly larger than the U.S. Central African Republic The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari, now the Central African Republic (CAR), is well named; it is a landlocked country in the center of the African continent. Land boundaries extend for 5,203 kilometers (3,233 miles) connecting Cameroon to the west, Chad and Sudan to the north, and the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the south. Chad The former French colony of Chad, a landlocked country located in northern Central Africa, is more than 3 times the size of California. The country has an area of 1,284,000 square kilometers (495,755 square miles), with a land boundary length of 5,968 kilometers (3,708 miles). Congo, Republic of The; The Republic of the Congo (ROC) is located in Western Africa and has an area of 342,000 square kilometers (132,000 square miles). It has a modest coastline of 169 kilometers (105 miles) along the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest and shares land borders with Gabon, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic on the west and north. Côte D'ivoire Côte d'Ivoire (which means "Ivory Coast") is a West African country bordering the North Atlantic Ocean between Ghana and Liberia. It has an area of 322,460 square kilometers (124,502 square miles) of which 318,000 square kilometers (122,780 square miles) are occupied by land while water occupies the remaining 4,460 square kilometers (1,722 square miles). Djibouti Djibouti is situated in the Horn of Africa, at the southern entrance to the Red Sea, bordering the Gulf of Aden. To the north lies Eritrea with a shared border of 113 kilometers (70 miles); to the north, west, and southwest lies Ethiopia, with a border length of 337 kilometers (209 miles); and to the southeast lies Somalia, with a border length of 58 kilometers (36 miles). Egypt The Arab Republic of Egypt is located in North Africa, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya to the west, the Gaza Strip to the east, and Sudan to the south. With an area of 1,001,450 square kilometers (386,659 square miles) and a coastline of 2,450 kilometers (1,522 miles), Egypt is slightly more than 3 times the size of New Mexico. Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea is a small West African nation of 28,051 square kilometers (10,830 square miles), roughly the same size as Maryland. It consists of a mainland enclave called Río Muni, on the west coast of Africa bordering Cameroon and Gabon, and 5 small islands off the coast of Cameroon in the Bight of Biafra: Bioko, Annobón, Corisco, and the 2 small islands known together as Islas Elobey. Eritrea Eritrea is an eastern African country occupying an area of 121,320 square kilometers (46,841 square miles), which makes it slightly larger than the state of Pennsylvania. It borders Sudan to the north and west, Ethiopia and Djibouti to the south, and the Red Sea to the east. Ethiopia Located in the Horn of Africa— the pointy peninsula-like landmass that emanates out of the eastern part of the continent—Ethiopia has a total area of 1,127,127 square kilometers (935,183 square miles), rendering it slightly less than twice the size of Texas. A landlocked country complet


Josephus who lived in the 1st century AD was a military commander and scholar but is now known more for his work as what?

Brief Bio of the Jewish Historian Flavius Josephus Ancient/Classical History Expert By N.S. Gill Flavius Josephus was a first-century Jewish historian and scholar whose writing includes the History of the Jewish War  (Bellum Judaicum, 75-79 A.D.) and Antiquities of the Jews or (Antiquitates Judaicae, 93 A.D.). The latter includes references to a man named Jesus and includes an autobiographical section known as Josephus' Vita. The writings of Josephus give us an important account of first-century Judaism, Early Christianity, and life as a Roman subject. Some historians have called Antiquities the most significant work written in the Roman Empire. Josephus himself was a controversial figure, neither wholly embraced by Roman or Jewish societies. He took up arms against the Empire in Galilee, but surrendered in 67 A.D., joining the entourage of the Emperor Vespasian. The one-time rebel even assumed his patron’s family name, Flavius. Early Life Yosef ben Matityahu was born to an aristocratic priestly family in Jerusalem. In A.D. 64 Josephus was sent to Rome to try to bring back Jewish priests held as prisoners. continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States There he met Nero 's wife, Poppaea Sabina . In the Jewish revolt of A.D. 66, Josephus was appointed military commander of Galilee (50 miles north of Jerusalem). Josephus held the fortress at Yodfat (Jotapata) for 47 days when the future Flavian emperor Vespasian attacked. When the garrison fell, thousands of Jews were killed. The survivors made a suicide pact, but Josephus reneged. Instead, he allowed himself to be taken prisoner and brought in chains before the general. Josephus predicted that Vespasian and his son Titus would become emperor. When his first prophecy came true, Vespasian released Josephus, who then attached himself to Vespasian's family and took the family name Flavius. Further, Josephus argued that his revelation had shown the Roman conquest to be divine punishment for his fellow Jews, and that he was chosen by God as a prophet. In Rome Favored by Vespasian, Josephus was given full Roman citizenship and a pension. In A.D. 70, under Titus , Josephus attempted to intercede between the Jews of Jerusalem and the Romans, but the Jews distrusted him for his apostasy . Following the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem, Josephus returned to Rome, where he authored all of his historical works. He married four times and fathered a number of children. Critical Appraisal Flavius Josephus is considered the best non-Christian near-contemporary source on Jesus. His writings provide some of the only sources apart from the Bible on such important Jewish and early Christian persons as the Maccabees, the Sadducees, the Essenes, and Pharisees. Josephus mentions John the Baptist, Jesus, and Pontius Pilate, and his writings led to the discovery of the tomb of King Herod. But Josephus was seen by Jewish authorities as a traitor and apostate for his cozening up to the Roman Empire, and for centuries his writings were forbidden to be translated into Hebrew. Among Christian scholars and the lay public, Josephus was considerably better loved; his collected works in English were hugely popular.  References: "Some Reflections on the Romans in Judaea," by John Curran; Greece & Rome; April 2005, pp. 70-98. "Chapter 14d - Judaea," The Cambridge Ancient History, edited by Edited by Alan K. Bowman, Edward Champlin, Andrew Lintott.


Black Bess, the horse of Dick Turpin (1706-39), would have been used to what phrase if legend is to be believed?

The Dark Truth behind Dick Turpin - The Spooky Isles Write for us The Dark Truth behind Dick Turpin Notorious English highwayman Dick Turpin was not the romantic figure we’ve been led to believe, says ELLIOT DAVIES Richard O’Sullivan played a fictional ‘good guy’ Dick Turpin in the 1970s ITV series, Dick Turpin Last year I went on my very first ghost hunt – a fruitless search for Belper’s Horrifying Horseman in Black . A quick recap – this horseman is rumoured to appear at the crossroads that link Belper and Ashbourne. Since the hunt, I’ve watched a video online in which arch Derbyshire ghost-botherer Richard Felix drives to the crossroads in question. He speculates that the site of the haunting suggests that, in life, this horseman may have been a highwayman. Highwaymen often stood at crossroads. Derbyshire certainly had a highwayman problem in the 18th century. However, there are those who believe that Britain’s most infamous highwayman – Richard “Dick” Turpin himself – once paid a visit to the county. Milford is one of the picturesque towns found within Derbyshire’s Derwent Valley. In the hills above Milford, you’ll find a bridlepath that’s bordered by mossy stones and naturally shaded by dense foliage. For a walk that will make you feel unstuck from time – where the only sound is that of the wind through the leaves – you could do much worse. Best of all, the walk comes to a natural conclusion in the village of Makeney, and one of the first buildings you’ll encounter will be The Holly Bush Inn. This is the sort of pub that feels like it hasn’t changed much since 1973 – and you get the impression that even in 1973 it could have used a lick of paint. Inside it’s cold and dark, yet also warm and inviting, in a way that only the best pubs can be. They have a fine selection of ales, and most Tuesday nights the local amateur dramatic society meet-up to discuss strategy. This society had their 15 minutes when they appeared on Britain’s Got Talent circa 2008 with a choreographed trolley dance. They didn’t get very far, but nonetheless they appear to have reasoned that if a trolley dance was enough to get them on TV, then surely there lies the path to future success. They’ll therefore strive to incorporate a trolley dance into everything they do. The walls of The Holly Bush Inn in are decorated by all manner of photographs, artefacts and ephemera celebrating local history and farming practices. Of particular note is a signed photograph of Colin Firth, but even more fascinating is a yellowed poster offering £200 for the capture of one Richard Turpin. It’s believed that, in the 18th century, Richard “Dick” Turpin drank at The Holly Bush Inn. Born in Essex in 1705, Richard “Dick” Turpin would enjoy a desperate and blood-soaked career as a horse thief, a burglar, a poacher and a murderer. A butcher by trade, he became embroiled in the affairs of a notorious Essex gang who needed a means of disposing of their stolen deer. But by 1734 the exploits of the gang shifted from poaching to larceny, and by then Turpin was up to his grubby elbows in some highly dubious practices. Nowadays Turpin is often remembered as a swashbuckling sort of loveable rogue, but familiarise yourself with the particulars of his crimes and it soon becomes apparent that he was an awful, awful man. We like to picture Turpin stood in the middle of roads, wielding dual pistols with a scarf tied round his face, patiently awaiting a carriage of rich folk who he’d order to stand and deliver. The truth, however, is a lot less romantic and a lot more violent and distressing. Turpin and the Essex gang cut their criminal teeth with a series of high profile burglaries. They’d target not just the wealthy, but also the weak and the vulnerable. A Read’s Weekly Journal from February 1735 describes the “barbarous” assault of Widow Shelley, estimated to be in her 70s, at her home in Loughton, Essex. Turpin knew she had money, but she wouldn’t reveal its whereabouts. So he resorted to torture, laying her across an open fire until she parted with the information. In the same mont


"Who was one of the first female movie stars, called ""The First Lady of the Silent Screen"", who was the only star from the silent era to receive the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award, and who received a Special Academy Award in 1971?"

22 | February | 2015 | The Lone Girl in a Crowd The Lone Girl in a Crowd February 22, 2015 Ida Lupino is perhaps one of the most underrated women in Hollywood. She was a pint size powerhouse in films like High Sierra and They Drive by Night. Yet, she also directed 7 films in her 48 career. When it comes to actors and actresses who haven’t won competitive Oscars, I usually made it a rule to stick with those who are dead and retired since they aren’t working in movies anymore. Now there may be actors whose glory days are over and won’t be nominated any time soon. Yet, there are plenty of actors who work way past their prime. Yet, we have people like Jessica Tandy and Christopher Plummer winning the coveted award as senior citizens. And there have been lists of actors who will never win Oscars that contain Matthew McConaughey. Granted he was in his shirtless rom-com phase when we’d think the idea of him winning an Oscar was ridiculous. But when Dallas Buyers Club came out, guess what happened. So perhaps dealing only with actors and actresses no longer working or alive is probably a safer bet. In this selection, we look at 10 more movie legends who are either retired from filmmaking or no longer alive. First, you have Ida Lupino, a pint size spitfire onscreen as well as a female Hollywood pioneer behind the scenes. Second, are British actors Hermione Gingold and Sir Ralph Richardson best known for their work in the theater and not being conventionally attractive. Then there is Peter Cushing best known for playing Grand Moff Tarkin from Star Wars as well as being Christopher Lee’s BFF. After that is Japanese movie star, Toshiro Mifune who may have stayed in Tokyo but his collaborations with Akira Kurosawa have influenced much of pop culture with the magic of Hollywood remakes. Next is Broadway darling Julie Harris who was known for kissing James Dean and The Haunting. Then you have Eve Arden known for her roles as the no-nonsense, wisecracking sidekick in films and the principal from Grease followed by David Carradine most memorable for Kung Fu, Kill Bill, and autoerotic asphyxiation. Next comes Paul Henreid who played the guy you didn’t want Ingrid Bergman to end up with in Casablanca. And last but not least, we have Clifton Webb best known as the possible inspiration for Mr. Peabody. 111. Ida Lupino Though she called herself “the Poor Man’s Bette Davis,” Ida Lupino was a pint-size force to be reckon with onscreen as well as a pioneer among women filmmakers behind the camera as a screenwriter and director. However, outside TCM, I’m not sure that anyone has heard of her. Personal Life: (1918-1995) Born in London. Mother was an actress and father was a music hall entertainer. Trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and made her first film in 1931. Became a US citizen in 1948. Married 3 times and had a daughter to third husband Howard Duff to whom she was with for 32 years (though they were separated a long time before their divorce). Died of a stroke while undergoing a treatment for colon cancer at 77. Famous for: British American actress, director, and a pioneer among women filmmakers. Appeared in 59 films during her 48 year career. Directed 7 films as well as co-wrote and co-produced some as well. Notable roles are Hope Harcourt from Anything Goes, Jane from The Gay Desperado, Paula Sewell/Paula Monterey from Artists and Models, Ann Brandon from The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, Lana Carlsen from They Drive by Night, Doris Malone from Sea Devils, Ellen Creed from Ladies in Retirement, Anna from Moontide, Jennifer Whittredge from In Our Time, Emily Bronte from Devotion, Libby Saul from Deep Valley, Ruth Webster from The Sea Wolf, Gemma Smith from Escape Me Never, Julia Thomas from Lust for Gold, Marie from High Sierra, Mary Malden from On Dangerous Ground, Mrs. Helen Gordon from Beware, My Lovely, Agnes Langley from Jennifer, Phyllis Martin from The Bigamist, Amelia van Zandt from Women’s Prison, Marion Castle from The Big Knife, Mildred Donner from When the City Sleeps, Alice Carmichel from Strange Intruder, and Mrs.


Which retired English jockey was popularly known as the Long Fellow?

Lester Piggott, Jockey • Biography & Facts Lester Piggott Jockey Lester Keith Piggott (born 5 November 1935) is a retired English professional jockey, popularly known as "The Long Fellow". With 4,493 career wins, including nine Epsom Derby victories, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest flat racing jockeys of all time. Personal facts


Brian Cox, who is known among other things for presenting science TV programmes in the UK, is a professor at the University of Manchester in what field?

1000+ images about I ❤ Cox on Pinterest | University of manchester, BBC and Brian cox Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas I ❤ Cox Professor Brian Cox. Particle physicist, teaches at the University of Manchester, works on the ATLAS project at CERN 105 Pins499 Followers


Rosalind Franklin, a biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer who made critical contributions to the understanding of DNA, RNA, and viruses, was what nationality?

a biography of the day-rosalind franklin (biophysicist, x-ray crystallographer, DNA photographer) - Democratic Underground a biography of the day-rosalind franklin (biophysicist, x-ray crystallographer, DNA photographer) Rosalind Franklin Died 16 April 1958 (aged 37) Chelsea, London Institutions British Coal Utilisation Research Association Laboratoire central des services chimiques de l'ï¿½tat King's College London Alma mater Newnham College, Cambridge Known for Fine structure of coal and graphite, Structure of DNA, structure of viruses Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 1920 ï¿½ 16 April 1958) was a British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer who made critical contributions to the understanding of the fine molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite. Her DNA work achieved the most fame because DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) plays an essential role in cell metabolism and genetics, and the discovery of its structure helped her co-workers understand how genetic information is passed from parents to their offspring. Franklin is best known for her work on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA which led to the discovery of the DNA double helix. Her data, according to Francis Crick, were "the data we actually used" to formulate Crick and Watson's 1953 hypothesis regarding the structure of DNA. Franklin's images of X-ray diffraction confirming the helical structure of DNA were shown to Watson without her approval or knowledge. This image and her accurate interpretation of the data provided valuable insight into the DNA structure, but Franklin's scientific contributions to the discovery of the double helix are often overlooked. Unpublished drafts of her papers (written just as she was arranging to leave King's College London) show that she had independently determined the overall B-form of the DNA helix and the location of the phosphate groups on the outside of the structure. Moreover, it was a report of Franklin's that convinced Crick and Watson that the backbones had to be on the outside, which was crucial since before this both they and Linus Pauling had independently generated non-illuminating models with the chains inside and the bases pointing outwards. However, her work was published third, in the series of three DNA Nature articles, led by the paper of Watson and Crick which only hinted at her contribution to their hypothesis. After finishing her portion of the work on DNA, Franklin led pioneering work on the tobacco mosaic virus and the polio virus. She died in 1958 at the age of 37 of ovarian cancer. . . . .


The Five Eyes security intelligence gathering group is an alliance between USA, New Zealand, Australia, UK and what other country?

The Five Eyes | Privacy International Privacy International Building a Global Privacy Movement What is the Five Eyes? The Five Eyes alliance is a secretive, global surveillance arrangement of States comprised of the United States National Security Agency (NSA), the United Kingdom’s Government Communications Headquarters(GCHQ), Canada’s Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC), the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD), and New Zealand’s Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB). Beginning in 1946, an alliance of five English-speaking countries (the US, the  UK, Australia, Canada and New Zealand) developed a series of  bilateral agreements over more than a decade that became known as the UKUSA agreement, establishing the Five Eyes alliance for the purpose of sharing intelligence, primarily signals intelligence (SIGINT). For almost 70 years, this secret post-war alliance of five English-speaking countries has been building a global surveillance infrastructure to “master the internet” and spy on the world's communications. What does the Five Eyes agreement say? Despite being nearly 70 years old, very little is known about the alliance and the agreements that bind them. While the existence of the agreement has been noted in history books and references are often made to it as part of reporting on the intelligence agencies, there is little knowledge or understanding outside the services themselves of exactly what the arrangement comprises. Even within the governments of the respective countries, which the intelligence agencies are meant to serve, there has historically been little appreciation for the extent of the arrangement. In fact, it is so secretive that the Australian prime minister reportedly wasn’t informed of its existence until 1973 and no government officially acknowledged the arrangement by name until 1999. Few documents have been released detailing the Five Eyes surveillance arrangement. To read the documents available, click here for the National Archives  and here for the NSA's release of the UKUSA Agreement . Here's what we do know: under the agreement interception, collection, acquisition, analysis, and decryption is conducted by each of the State parties in their respective parts of the globe, and all intelligence information is shared by default. The agreement is wide in scope and establishes jointly-run operations centres where operatives from multiple intelligence agencies of the Five Eyes States work alongside each other. Further, tasks are divided between SIGINT agencies, ensuring that the Five Eyes alliance is far more than a set of principles of collaboration. The level of cooperation under the agreement is so complete that the national product is often indistinguishable. What's the extent of Five Eyes collaboration? Together the Five Eyes collaborated and developed specific technical programmes of collection and analysis. One  senior member of Britain's intelligence community said "When you get a GCHQ pass it gives you access to the NSA too. You can walk into the NSA and find GCHQ staff holding senior management positions, and vice versa. When the NSA has a piece of intelligence, it will very often ask GCHQ for a second opinion. There have been ups and downs over the years, of course. But in general, the NSA and GCHQ are extremely close allies. They rely on each other." The close relationship between the five States is also evidenced by documents recently released by Edward Snowden. Almost all of the documents include the classification “TOP SECRET//COMINT//REL TO USA, AUS, CAN, GBR, NZL” or “TOP SECRET//COMINT//REL TO USA, FVEY.” These classification markings indicate the material is top-secret communications intelligence (aka SIGINT) material that can be released to the US, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and New Zealand. The purpose of the REL TO is to identify classified information that a party has predetermined to be releasable (or has already been released) through established foreign disclosure procedures and channels, to a foreign country or international organisation. Th


Who hosted and won the 1995 Rugby Union World Cup?

Nelson Mandela: South Africa's 1995 Rugby World Cup winners pay tribute - Telegraph Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela: South Africa's 1995 Rugby World Cup winners pay tribute Key figures from the 1995 Rugby World Cup-winning Springboks team, including Joel Stransky, whose drop goal won the cup against the All Blacks, have paid tribute to Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela stands next to the President of the South African Rugby Football Union Louis Luyt at the 1995 Rugby World Cup final in Johannesburg Photo: Mark Baker/REUTERS By Mick Cleary , Rugby Correspondent 1:44PM GMT 06 Dec 2013 Watch Mandela's 'walk to freedom' in 1990 For Morne du Plessis, Springbok manager and former captain of South Africa in the apartheid era, it was Nelson Mandela's unique standing that enabled him to appear as he did in a Springbok shirt at the final. "There was only one man who would have been able to pull it off and that was Nelson Mandela ," said du Plessis, a highly-skilled back-row forward who won 22 caps for his country between 1971-80 and is considered one of their most successful ever captains. "From both sides, within his own party and from the conservative ranks in rugby, there would have been opposition. Because it was him, there was no opposition. He had paid his dues and that was recognised by the response that day. It has become one of the great sports stories of all time. And, no, I never thought I would ever see its like. From where I had come from, playing in the darkest days of apartheid, days that just could not have been darker, to such an enlightened moment is truly remarkable." Du Plessis, who was involved in the FIFA 2010 World Cup and is still one of the foremost sporting figures in the country, dismisses the notion that Mandela's decision to wear the Springbok jersey was carefully calculated. Related Articles Pienaar: I never imagined I would be so emotional 06 Dec 2013 "I don't think it was and I don't think it would have had the same resonance if it had been," said du Plessis. "It was not a methodical plan to use the World Cup as a tool to win over Afrikaans support. It was simply his feeling at the time. It was him believing that this is what needed to be done and it was him who was going to do it. It was just want the country needed and still needs. It was the day we believed anything was possible." Nelson Mandela: life in pictures Joel Stransky, the man whose extra-time drop goal won the World Cup for South Africa, can remember Mandela looking into his eyes just moments before the teams ran out at Ellis Park 18 years ago. "I was just a boy who wanted to play rugby for my country and was not aware of the significance at that time of the president being in the changing-room wearing a Springbok shirt," said Stransky. "Yet as he moved round the room I quickly realised that he wanted to engage with each and every one of us personally. I can't remember the precise words he used – I so wish I could – but I do vividly recall that he was making a point of speaking to me as a person. It was specific and to me alone. It was not some generic massage about wishing us luck and hoping we would beat the All Blacks. Madiba had a personal message for each and every player. That touched me as it did everyone in the room. It had a real calming as well as uplifting effect." It worked. New Zealand were favourites but there seemed to be something in the Johannesburg air that day (apart from the giant 747 that came swooping in over the ground before kick-off) that took South Africa to great heights. The All Blacks missed chances, South Africa did not, Stransky's kick eight minutes before the end of extra-time, soaring between the Ellis Park posts, ignited scenes of great celebration across the country. The Rainbow Nation was born that day as President Mandela danced on the podium alongside Springbok captain, Francois Pienaar. "It was such a brave thing for him to do," said Stransky. "Again, I did not realise it at the time. He won the hearts of the nation. He would have faced opposition from his own people as well as from many Afrikaners. We


What was the middle name of Franklin D Roosevelt?

Franklin D. Roosevelt - Biography - IMDb Franklin D. Roosevelt Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trivia  (53) | Personal Quotes  (18) Overview (5) Houdini In the White House The Squire of Hyde Park The Sphinx That Man In the White House F.D.R. 6' 2" (1.88 m) Mini Bio (1) Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, in Hyde Park, New York, to James and Sara Roosevelt. His father was 54 at the time of FDR's birth and already had a grown son, nicknamed "Rosy". Sarah was only 27 when FDR was born. Growing up, FDR had a happy but sheltered childhood. His family was very wealthy and FDR had a very privileged upbringing, with trips to Europe and private tutors. Sara Roosevelt was a loving but domineering and overprotective mother. FDR was a devoted son, but found clever and subtle ways to get around his mother's domination. At 14 he was sent to Groton, an exclusive prep school led by the Rev. Endicott Peabody. FDR did not enjoy his time at Groton, often being teased by the other kids for having a formal and stuffy manner. Since he had a nephew who was older than him, kids at Groton called him "Uncle Frank". He graduated from Groton in 1900 and went to Harvard, where he edited the "Crimson" but failed to be accepted into the Porcellian Social Club. He graduated Harvard in 1903. Soon after that he fell madly in love with his sixth cousin, Eleanor Roosevelt . They married in 1905, with President Theodore Roosevelt giving the bride away. However, from the start Franklin and Eleanor's marriage was not a happy one. She was quiet and shy, whereas he was boisterous and outgoing. The fact that his mother moved into the house next door to theirs, and ran things, did not help. Franklin and Eleanor had six children (one child died in infancy). In 1910 Franklin was elected to the New York State Legislature from Duchess County. There he made a name for himself as a crusading reformer who favored the "average guy" over big business and championed for honest government. In 1913 he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy and served under Josephus Daniels and President Woodrow Wilson . In 1918 he began a love affair with his wife's social secretary, Lucy Mercer. When Eleanor discovered the affair, she was understandably devastated and told Franklin she wanted a divorce. At the urging of his mother, Frankilin chose to save the marriage and promised Eleanor that he would never have anything more to do with Lucy. The damage was done, however, and Franklin and Eleanor never again shared the intimacies of marriage, becoming more like political partners. In 1921 FDR was stricken with polio and paralyzed. He permanently lost the use of his legs, but refused to let that thwart his political ambitions. He spoke at the 1924 Democratic Convention for the candidacy of Alfred E. Smith , then the Governor of New York, calling him the "Happy Warrior". In 1928 FDR was elected Governor of New York and was well placed when the stock market crashed in 1929. As governor he took the lead in providing relief and public works projects for the millions of unemployed in the state. His success as New York's governor made him a strong candidate for the Presidency in 1932. He easily beat incumbent President Herbert Hoover . When Franklin Roosevelt was sworn in as President on March 4, 1933, more than 15 million Americans were unemployed. Millions more had been hard hit by the Depression and the banking system had collapsed. FDR wasted no time in launching a radical economic recovery program, known as the New Deal. He created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which made the federal government the guarantor of people's bank deposits - not the banks themselves - and allowed drought-stricken farmers to refinance their mortgages, He created public works programs including the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)--thus making the government the employer of last resort--as well as setting up the Social Security system, instituting a minimum wage, outlawing child labor--a widespread practice


"What does the French word ""jambon"" mean in English?"

French phrasebook - Wikitravel French phrasebook 2.11 Authority French speaking areas French (français) is a Romance language originating in France but spoken in many other parts of Europe including Southern Belgium ( Wallonia and Brussels ), Western Switzerland , Monaco and Luxembourg . In North America, French is spoken primarily in Quebec , New Brunswick , Ontario and parts of Manitoba but is present in almost every other province in Canada . Although Canada is a bilingual nation, French is spoken by a minority of citizens in all the other provinces and territories. It is also found in parts of the United States , primarily in the state of Louisiana and the northern part of the states of Maine , New Hampshire and Vermont . Other countries speaking French include former French colonies in North Africa and West Africa ; in Haiti , Martinique , Guadeloupe , Saint Barthelemy and Saint Martin in the Caribbean; in French Guiana in South America ; in Vietnam , Laos and Cambodia in Southeast Asia ; in New Caledonia , Tahiti and numerous other islands in the Indian Ocean and in Oceania . It has long been the language of international diplomacy and communication, and although largely supplanted by English since World War II, it remains de rigueur (of obligatory requirement) for educated people in many societies around the world to have some level of basic French ability. It is also an official language of the UN and the EU. There are many differences between French spoken in Québec and that spoken in France. One is state and one is king french. The two main differences are that Québec has retained many 18th & 19th century French words, while French spoken in France has incorporated many English words. Furthermore, aside from Europe & Québec, many French-speaking regions have incorporated many local words or formed a distinctive dialect/language known as creole. Francophonie can help you locate French-speaking regions. Pronunciation[ edit ] Like that of English, unlike almost all the other Romance languages, French spelling is not very phonetic. The same letter used in two different words can make two different sounds, and many letters are not pronounced at all. In general, it's not impossible to sound out words, but suffice it to say that many experienced non-native French speakers(and even some native speakers) mispronounce words often. One thing to note is that final consonants of a word are usually dropped: allez (go) is pronounced ahl-AY, not ahl-AYZ; tard (late) is pronounce tar, not tard. But if the next word begins with a vowel, the consonant may be pronounced; this is called liaison. A final 'e' is also usually silent if the word has more than one syllable, except in parts of southern France, especially Toulouse. Stress is fairly even in French, but the stress almost always falls on the last syllable. For many French words, it is impossible to write something which, when pronounced as English, sounds like the French word. Use the transliteration as a guide to liaison and the French spelling to pronounce the vowels. Vowels[ edit ] Vowels in French can have accent marks, which generally have no noticeable impact on pronunciation, but they often distinguish between homophones in writing (ou, meaning or, and où, meaning where, are pronounced the same). The only really important one is é, which is always pronounced "ay", and changes the meaning of the word. a, à  Exceptions[ edit ] When there is an accent mark on "e", it prevents diphthongs. Letters should be pronounced separately, following the rule for the accented letter. Example: énergumène, (rowdy character), réunion (meeting). A diaeresis (") may also be used to prevent diphthongs on "e", "u" and "i". Example: maïs (Indian corn or maize). In the combinations "gue" and "gui", the "u" should not be pronounced: it is there only to force the prononciation of "g" as in "go". If the "u" is pronounced, a diaeresis is added on the 2nd vowel : aiguë (sharp). In the combination "geo", the "e" should not be pronounced, it is only there to force the prononciation of "g" as in "sab