Carthage was founded about 3000 years ago by which people?

Carthage: Prosperous Phoenician Colony That Became Dominant Power In The Western Mediterranean | MessageToEagle.com Carthage: Prosperous Phoenician Colony That Became Dominant Power In The Western Mediterranean Carthage: Prosperous Phoenician Colony That Became Dominant Power In The Western Mediterranean MessageToEagle.com July 06, 2016 Ancient Civilizations & Places 0 Comment MessageToEagle.com – Ruins of Carthage (its Phoenician name means ‘Kart-hadasht ‘ ( “new town”) are located approximately 18 km northeast of Tunis on the coast of North Africa and surrounded by modern residences and beautiful gardens. An ancient legend is strongly associated with this place; it tells the story of the great city of Carthage, which was founded here nearly 3000 years ago. Carthage was once flourishing This beautiful legend attributes the founding of Carthage to Elissa (Dido), a Phoenician princess from Tyre, sister of the King of Tyre – Pygmalion. Astonishingly enough, much of this story turns out to be historically accurate. When Pygmalion killed Dido’s husband, she and her children fled to North Africa. Dido asked the Berber king Iarbas for a small bit of land for a temporary refuge until she could continue her journey. Iarbas agreed to give her only as much land as could be encompassed by an oxhide. A clever woman had cut the skin into thin strips, so that she had enough to encircle an entire nearby hill, which was afterwards named Byrsa (‘hide’). On this piece of land on which she founded Carthage; many of the local Berbers joined the settlement and both Berbers and envoys from the nearby Phoenician city of Utica urged the building of a city. According to historical records, Carthage was not the Phoenicians’ first colony but already in its early days, became the largest and most famous city. It was an important political and commercial center, but the date of the foundation of Carthage was questioned by researchers. Archaeological data indicate that nothing earlier than the last quarter of the 8th century BC has been discovered, a full century later than the traditional foundation date. Carthage ruins. Image: wikimedia commons The location of Carthage was very convenient and safe; it offered access to the Mediterranean but was shielded from violent storms.The city was well protected and easily defensible. The ancient citadel, the Byrsa, was on a low hill overlooking the sea. Some of the earliest tombs have been found there; Byrsa area was once adorned with a large temple dedicated to Juno, Jupiter, and Minerva, and near it stood a temple to Asclepius. Also on the Byrsa site stood an open-air portico, from which the finest Roman sculptures at Carthage have survived. Surrounding Carthage were walls “of great strength” said in places to rise above forty feet (13 m), being almost thirty feet (10 m) thick. To the west three parallel walls were built. The walls altogether ran for about thirty-three kilometers to encircle the city. Baths of Antoninus, Carthage. Image: Wikimedia Commons The heights of the Byrsa were additionally fortified; this area being the last to succumb to the Romans in 146 BC. No remains of Carthage’s domestic and public buildings were unearthed. See also: Pax Romana: 200-Year-Long Period Of Stability Within The Roman Empire The peak power, the city experienced in the third century BC. In the same age, however, Carthage was engaged in a series of wars with Rome, which ended with the destruction of the city in 146 BC during the third Punic War. The first Punic War (264 – 241 BC) was a complete disaster for Carthage, causing it to lose the island of Sicily. Punic ruins of Byrsa, Carthage. Image via wikimedia commons In the second Punic War (218 – 202 BC) Hannibal famously led his army and elephants over the Alps to attack the Romans on their own soil. For many years, he led his victorious army up and down what is known today as Italy. On every battlefield Hannibal defeated the Roman legions. Finally, he was lured for alleged peace negotiations to North Africa and the Romans were able to defeat him. The third and final


Which is the deepest lake in Great Britain?

Deepest lake in Britain | A natural history of Britain A natural history of Britain lucy Leave a comment Photo: A. Kurata The deepest lake in the UK is Loch Morar in the Scottish Highlands, which reaches a depth of 309 metres (754 ft). This steep-sided glacial lake – 19 km long –has its own monster, just like Loch Ness, which the locals call Morag.  There have been various sightings of serpent-like forms emerging from the water.  In 1969 two men described beating off a 25-30 ft-long brown rough-skinned creature from their boat. According to local legend, a sighting of Morag is an omen of death for the local branch of the MacDonald clan. The International lake Enironment committee has impressively detailed data about the lake, from the quality of its water to the flora and fauna and use of land in the vicinity.


Who played Ray Doyle, John Deed and George Gently on TV?

Martin Shaw returns as Inspector George Gently - Telegraph Lifestyle Martin Shaw returns as Inspector George Gently As actor Martin Shaw prepares for a new series as the charismatic Inspector  George Gently, he tells Elizabeth Grice why he needs his fix of  solitude – be it in remote Scotland or at the controls of his vintage plane .   Martin Shaw in his Piper L4 Cub, which saw action on D-Day Photo: MARTIN POPE   Martin Shaw as Ray Doyle in The Professionals (1978) ... Photo: ITV/Rex Features   Martin Shaw with his daughter, Sophie (2006)  Photo: Chris Capstick/Rex Features   By Elizabeth Grice 7:00AM BST 20 Aug 2011 The solitary impulse is a powerful thing. It drives some men into the wilderness and others into the sky. Martin Shaw needs both. His terrestrial refuge is a remote crofter’s cottage at the end of a rough track in south-west Galloway where he can spot an intruder 20 minutes away. At other times, he satisfies his longing for space and mastery by flying a Piper Cub Second World War artillery spotter aeroplane. “I feel a wonderful mixture of achievement, satisfaction and peace up there. It is absolutely elating. I still experience a sense of wonderment. There is that inner child thinking: 'Is this me? I’m a pilot.’” The actor’s 17th century Quaker house in rural Norfolk isn’t sequestered enough for him these days. He finds the frenzy of new building, with its ability to double the population of a village within months, alarming. Incomers abound. “Suddenly you can’t park in a sleepy little village because people won’t walk 100 yards to the one local shop.” For “proper wilderness”, he says, give him Scotland. “I’m sensitive to electromagnetic interference and mental noise. It’s why I can’t cope with the city. I need stillness. Not just physical quietness, but atmospheric quietness, spiritual quietness. Less mental noise. It hit me when I was still in my twenties. I noticed that every time I went into the deep countryside I would get out of the car and immediately my breathing was different, my outlook was different and I felt different. I wanted to do it more and more.” Shaw is famously contemplative, a man who once said he is interested in his mind as a laboratory. What does he think about when he’s flying solo? “Not crashing,” he booms. “You are constantly checking: Where is the wind at the moment? It’s a bit like sailing because there are very few instruments. My watch is more complicated than the dashboard of the Piper Cub. It’s very elemental. You’re listening to the engine note. Every 10 minutes you have to remember to put some hot air through the carburettor so it doesn’t freeze and stop the engine. You’re constantly looking at the ground and at your map to make sure that the wind’s not drifting you to places you don’t know. The compass is virtually useless on these old aeroplanes.” His first flying machine was a two-seater Boeing Stearman, a wartime biplane that he had read about in Aircraft of the Fighting Powers as a boy. Piloting it was like playing Liszt – complex and requiring continuous practice – a luxury his acting schedule didn’t allow. “It was a thing of beauty but also of historical importance. Sitting there in the hangar it was like a stuffed animal. It seemed immoral for me to own it and not use it more.” With the Piper L4 Cub, which saw service in France on D-Day, it isn’t so difficult to be up, up and away. Related Articles My Day on a Plate: Poppy King 21 Aug 2011 Attractively grizzled and baggy-eyed, Shaw looks like a weary professor. He is dressed in a casual black suit and T-shirt. His manner is courteously quizzical and alert, as though he is conducting a surreptitious examination. Next month, he will appear a new series of the television police drama Inspector George Gently, a part that draws all the brownness out of his slow, sepulchral voice and perfectly suits his analytical tendency. Insp Gently favours lordly overcoats and Burberrys — impressive for standing over dead bodies in — and a deeply furrowed expression. Both suit Shaw very well. For longer than seems possible, Shaw


Which French composer wrote 'The Sorcerer's Apprentice'?

Paul Dukas | French composer | Britannica.com French composer Paul Dukas, (born Oct. 1, 1865, Paris , Fr.—died May 17, 1935, Paris), French composer whose fame rests on a single orchestral work, the dazzling, ingenious L’Apprenti sorcier (1897; The Sorcerer’s Apprentice ). Dukas The Bettmann Archive Dukas studied at the Paris Conservatory and, after winning a second Grand Prix de Rome with his cantata Velléda (1888), established his position among the younger French composers with the overture, first performed in 1892, to Pierre Corneille’s Polyeucte and with the Symphony in C Major (1896). The rest of his output (never large, owing to his own strict censorship of his works) was mainly dramatic and program music and compositions for piano. Dukas, a master of orchestration, was from 1910 to 1912 professor of the orchestral class at the Paris Conservatory, and from 1927 until his death he was professor of composition there. He also contributed musical criticism to several Paris papers, and his collected writings, Les Écrits de Paul Dukas sur la musique (1948), include some of the best essays ever published on Jean-Philippe Rameau , Christoph Gluck, and Hector Berlioz . Dukas’s L’Apprenti sorcier (based on J.W. von Goethe’s “Zauberlehrling”) was a piece of descriptive music written at the same time and in much the same style as Richard Strauss’s Till Eulenspiegel. Yet Dukas’s musicianship was of a considerably wider range than this brilliant period piece suggests. His Sonate (1901) is one of the last great works for piano that prolong the tradition of Ludwig van Beethoven , Robert Schumann , and Franz Liszt; his Variations, interlude et final pour piano sur un thème de Rameau (1903) represent an elegant translation into French musical idiom and style of Beethoven’s Diabelli Variations, Opus 120. The ballet La Péri (1912), on the other hand, displays mastery of Impressionist scoring; and, in his opera Ariane et Barbe-Bleue (1907), on the play of Maurice Maeterlinck , the atmosphere and musical texture make up for the lack of dramatic impact. After 1912 Dukas ceased publishing his compositions—except for a piano piece written in memory of his admirer Claude Debussy , the evocative La Plainte au loin du faune (1920), and a song setting, the charming “Sonnet de Ronsard” (1924). A few weeks before his death, he destroyed several of his musical manuscripts. Dukas collaborated with the Paris publishing firm of Durand in preparing modern editions of some of the works of Jean-Philippe Rameau, François Couperin , and Domenico Scarlatti and of the piano works of Beethoven. Learn More in these related articles:


What do we call what the Americans call a 'hickey'?

Roger Hickey Two Democratic Parties in Philadelphia: They Must Unite And Beat Trump. July 25, 2016 Two Democratic parties will meet in Philadelphia this week. It is crucially important that they unite to defeat Donald Trump – and then work together to win progressive change for all Americans. Roger Hickey Even if Clinton’s Already Won, A Vote for Sanders Can Help Defeat Trump June 5, 2016 Hillary Clinton asserts she has already won. But even if she is right, a big vote for Bernie Sanders in the upcoming June 7 primaries could help unite progressives and win the general election against Donald Trump. Roger Hickey Getting Arrested to Demand Democracy April 18, 2016 On Monday I was arrested at the U.S. Capitol building. It’s been years since I engaged in civil disobedience. But I am just one of millions of people in America who want to stop the growing attacks on our democracy. Roger Hickey Greening the Global Economy: A Plan for Climate Change – And for Jobs January 27, 2016 To stop climate change we have to take back Congress. Progressives need to launch a campaign to win back a congressional majority committed to a bold agenda for stopping climate change and creating new green jobs. Roger Hickey Saturday: Watch Live Video of the Iowa People’s Presidential Forum January 8, 2016 With the Democratic National Committee sanctioning so few presidential debates, progressive activists in Iowa this Saturday have organized their own presidential forum in Des Moines – "Putting Families First." Roger Hickey Why Sanders’ Economic Plan Is Best For The 99 Percent January 5, 2016 Bernie Sanders offers the best economic plan for the middle class. And he has shown that he is willing to challenge the Republican Party’s rhetoric, rather than offer a pale reflection of it. Roger Hickey Stop Garnishing Social Security Benefits to Pay Student Debt September 13, 2015 Many seniors' Social Security benefits are being garnished to continue to pay student loans they took out a lifetime ago. But student debt activists and seniors are now joining together to say “Enough!” Join us. Roger Hickey Julian Bond: Race Man, Poet, Movement-Builder — and Friend August 17, 2015 By the time Julian Bond was 20 years old, he had helped lead the Atlanta sit-in movement, and he had left the academic life of Morehouse College to help found the legendary Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Roger Hickey Clinton Responds to Student Debt Voters – and Sanders and O’Malley August 11, 2015 On Monday presidential candidate Hillary Clinton responded to the emerging Student Debt Voter movement with her own plan to reduce the cost of college education and reduce the burden of student debt. Roger Hickey The Rally to Economic Populism – Thanks to Bernie + Organizing. Hillary? July 13, 2015 Now, seemingly overnight, a new populist movement is dominating the political debate. The immediate reason is the presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders, who is drawing huge crowds, raising serious money, Roger Hickey Sen. Warren Receives 240,000 Cancel All Student Debt Signatures May 4, 2015 Sen. Elizabeth Warren, the Senate’s foremost advocate for lowering student debt and lowering the cost of college, received a petition signed by over 240,000 people that called on Congress to "Cancel All Student Debt." Roger Hickey Students Need Bail and Support After Protesting GOP Cuts to Pell Grants March 23, 2015 U.S. Student Association activists disrupted a Senate budget hearing Wednesday to protest Pell Grant cuts in the GOP budget, as part of a movement for free college and student debt forgiveness. Roger Hickey Elizabeth Warren: Our Populist Agenda – in Her Own Words January 5, 2015 Sen. Elizabeth Warren has become the most visible leader of the growing populist movement that is uniting a new majority around an agenda for change. Here's Warren's thinking about the economy in her own words. Roger Hickey As in 2010, Dems Lost Without an Economic Message Worth Fighting For November 20, 2014 In early 2010, three progressive economic activists – myself, Dean Baker, and Robert Kuttner – met with


Who was the 'one-man band' who had hits in the 1960s with 'Rosie' and 'Blue Eyes'?

Don Partridge: One-man band who had Top 10 hits in the 1960s but returned to a life of busking | The Independent Don Partridge: One-man band who had Top 10 hits in the 1960s but returned to a life of busking Monday 27 September 2010 23:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Street entertainment is now a regular feature of city life, but in the 1960s it was primarily buskers, and not too many of them, either. The one-man band Don Partridge was signed by EMI and had Top 10 hits with "Rosie" and "Blue Eyes" in 1968, but he preferred an itinerant lifestyle and soon returned to busking. He stressed that he never begged and was always being paid for entertainment. Don Partridge was born in Bournemouth in October 1941. He left school at 15, taking a variety of different jobs and finding a purpose in life when he saw the American one-man band, Jesse Fuller, on a UK tour. Partridge set himself up with a guitar, a harmonica on a harness, a drum on his back (operated with a stick attached to his elbow) and a foot cymbal. Wearing an old snakeskin jacket, he played across Europe, settling wherever he fancied, but he was often arrested. Fortunately for him, the fine for busking in London was £2 and he earned several times that in a day. In 1967, the songwriters, Don Paul (of the Viscounts) and Richard Kerr (who later wrote "Mandy", a hit for Barry Manilow) went to see You Only Live Twice at the Odeon, Leicester Square. They were taken with Partridge, who had two young girls in mini-skirts as "bottlers" (that is, collecting the money). Paul invited Partridge to record at the Regent Sound Studio in Denmark Street, which cost £8 an hour. "We did five takes of his song, 'Rosie', and every one sounded the same," Paul told me in 2001, "EMI put it out and he really didn't care if it was a hit or not. He was difficult to manage as he always did what he wanted. I put him on tour with Gene Pitney and when someone shouted for 'Rosie', he replied, 'Piss off!' It was unheard of for someone to swear on a package tour and the promoter, Arthur Howes, was very annoyed. He'd have been another Rolf Harris if I could have tamed him." Kerr wrote the second hit, "Blue Eyes". "We needed an upright bass for a half-session which cost £4, but otherwise it was his one-man band. His co-ordination was excellent but the minute you added strings or made him more sophisticated, he was all at sea. I saw him take a handful of fivers and throw them in the fire because money wasn't going to get to him. He got sacked from a season on Blackpool pier for constantly swearing on stage. He was soon back on the streets but that was where he wanted to be." For a short time, Partridge enjoyed his wealth, buying a Mercedes and hand-made suits, but he soon gave it away. Using his own money, Partridge organised a short tour with other street entertainers, including a concert at the Royal Albert Hall. Around 1972, I saw him at Jacqui and Bridie's folk club in Liverpool, for which he received £10. Partridge was never homeless but sometimes lived in a horse-drawn caravan, and sometimes on a longboat. In the 1970s he moved into a fisherman's cottage in Brixham, Devon and later had various addresses in East Sussex. He persuaded the Swedish authorities to change the law on busking and his final album, The Highwayman (2001), included reflections on his life as a busker. In 2005, he went on a UK tour with Lemon Jelly, playing inside and outside theatres. "I could never refuse a pretty face", he once confessed, "I'd be busking and a girl would come up and invite me to her place. I could always tell the difference between true love and sex, but unfortunately my wives couldn't." Indeed, at the time of his hit records, he appears to have had two wives, both Swedish girls. His life can be summarised by the opening track on his album Don Partridge (1968), "Following Your Fancy". Don Partridge, musician: born Bournemouth 27 October 1941; married four times (eight children); Peacehaven, East Sussex 21 September 2010. More about:


What name is given to a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides but not at right angles?

Quadrilaterals - Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Trapezoid, Parallelogram Quadrilaterals Quadrilateral just means "four sides" (quad means four, lateral means side). A Quadrilateral has four-sides,  it is 2-dimensional (a flat shape), closed (the lines join up), and has straight sides. Try it Yourself (Also see this on Interactive Quadrilaterals ) Properties The interior angles add up to 360 degrees: Try drawing a quadrilateral, and measure the angles. They should add to 360° Types of Quadrilaterals There are special types of quadrilateral: Some types are also included in the definition of other types! For example a square, rhombus and rectangle are also parallelograms. See below for more details. Let us look at each type in turn: The Rectangle A rectangle is a four-sided shape where every angle is a right angle (90°). Also opposite sides are parallel and of equal length. The Rhombus A rhombus is a four-sided shape where all sides have equal length. Also opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles are equal. Another interesting thing is that the diagonals (dashed lines in second figure) meet in the middle at a right angle. In other words they "bisect" (cut in half) each other at right angles. A rhombus is sometimes called a rhomb or a diamond. The Square A square has equal sides and every angle is a right angle (90°) Also opposite sides are parallel. A square also fits the definition of a rectangle (all angles are 90°), and a rhombus (all sides are equal length). The Parallelogram A parallelogram has opposite sides parallel and equal in length. Also opposite angles        are equal (angles "a" are the same, and angles "b" are the same). NOTE: Squares, Rectangles and Rhombuses are all        Parallelograms! Example: angles "a" and "b" as right angles is a square! Isosceles Trapezoid A trapezoid (called a trapezium in the UK) has a pair of opposite sides parallel. And a trapezium (called a trapezoid in the UK) is a quadrilateral with NO parallel sides:   a pair of parallel sides NO parallel sides a pair of parallel sides (the US and UK definitions are swapped over!) (Note: when the two sides joining parallel sides are equal in length and both angles coming from a parallel        side are also equal we call it an Isosceles trapezoid, as shown above.) The Kite Hey, it looks like a kite (usually). It has two pairs of sides. Each pair        is made up of adjacent sides (they meet) that are equal in length. The angles        are equal where the pairs meet. Diagonals (dashed lines) meet at        a right angle, and one of the diagonal bisects (cuts equally in        half) the other.   ... and that's it for the special quadrilaterals.   Irregular Quadrilaterals The only regular (all sides equal and all angles equal) quadrilateral is a square. So all other quadrilaterals are irregular.   Example: a square is also a rectangle. So we include a square in the definition of a rectangle. (We don't say "Having all 90° angles makes it a rectangle except when all sides are equal then it is a square.") This may seem odd, as in daily life we think of a square as not being a rectangle ... but in mathematics it is. Using the chart below we can answer such questions as: Is a Square a type of Rectangle? (Yes) Is a Rectangle a type of Kite? (No) Complex Quadrilaterals Oh Yes! when two sides cross over, we call it a "Complex" or "Self-Intersecting" quadrilateral, like these: They still have 4 sides, but two sides cross over. Polygon A quadrilateral is a polygon . In fact it is a 4-sided polygon, just like a triangle is a 3-sided polygon, a pentagon is a 5-sided polygon, and so on. Play with Them Now that you know the different types, you can play with the Interactive Quadrilaterals . Other Names A quadrilateral can sometimes be called:   a Quadrangle ("four angles"), so it sounds like "triangle" a Tetragon ("four and polygon"), so it sounds like "pentagon", "hexagon", etc.


Who was captain of the British brig 'Rebecca' in 1731 when it was boarded by the Spanish coastguard 'La Isabela' so starting an international incident?

Prime June 2015 by The Greeley Publishing Company - issuu issuu Issuu on Google+ SPRING - JUNE 2015 with the warm weather comes the urge to get active. Medical professionals and athletes say the key to getting active for the summer is to start slow. PG. 15 TIPS FOR HAPPY HEALTHY SKIN THIS SUMMER PG. 16 grades that measure hospital service PG. 19 JUNE HEALTH EVENTS ® You’ve been diagnosed with cancer. Now what? At University of Colorado Health, we bring out the big guns and every option under the sun like the world’s preeminent oncology specialists, extensive clinical trials and breakthrough treatments to help you win the fight of your life. With survival rates better than the national average for thirteen types of cancer, your best chance of winning starts at youwannafight.com or 970.999.1447. FORT COLLINS | GREELEY | LOVELAND Member: National Comprehensive Cancer Network and NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. Features ALTERNATE LOGO \\ MASTEAD PG.8 Push it? With the warm weather comes the urge for some couch potatoes to get active. Medical professionals and athletes say the key to getting active for the summer is to start slow. Gut feeling Medical professionals have found a new treatment that may make you a little queasy to talk about. But it’s getting results and helping people who suffer from a painful condition. PG. 4 PG. 11 PG. 16 Good manners and politeness are keys to helping your child live a happy and fulfilling life. During the summer months, it’s time for Coloradans to think about ground-level ozone. Here’s how the pollutant affects your health and what you can do about it. The government has released its first set of grades that measure hospital service as seen by patients. Where do hospitals in Colorado rank? How to win friends and influence people Something’s in the air PG. 6 Rules of the road With all the truck traffic on the highways these days, it pays to listen to the professional drivers when it comes to learning to how to stay safe around the big rigs. Here’s what a longtime trucker has to say about playing it safe. EDITOR Randy Bangert General manager Bryce Jacobson CREATIVE MANAGER Kyle Knoop BUSINESS MANAGER Mike Campbell MANAGING EDITOR Nate A. Miller PG. 18 A growing role Here comes the sun With the warmer weather, it’s time to think about your skin. Here are some tips to stay safe and healthy during the summer heat. PG. 10 Becoming more athletic PUBLISHER Bart Smith | PG. 19June’s health events CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Allison D. Bluemel Dan England Sales MANAGERs Stephanie Mighell Bruce Dennis Sales Staff Cristin Peratt Mollie Lee Shane Fanning Creative supervisor/Design Alan Karnitz | Nurses do so much more than they once did. That’s made training nurses and ensuring enough people are interested in the career field essential to the practice of health care. PG. 20 Prime medical directory PRIME MAGAZINE 501 8th Ave. P.O. Box 1690 Greeley, CO 80632 For all editorial, advertising, subscription and circulation inquiries, call (970) 352-0211. Send editorial-related comments and story ideas to: rbangert@greeleytribune.com For advertising inquiries, contact: bjacobson@greeleytribune.com June 2015, Volume 1, Issue 3. Published by: Greeley Publishing Co., publisher of The Greeley Tribune, Windsor Now, the Fence Post, Tri-State Livestock News, and Energy Pipeline PRIME \\ JUNE 2015 3 Udupa Politeness, patience: More than mere icing, they often make the cake you. It was a parent-centric world. In the past few decades, parenting styles shifted, and the focus was put more on kids. There are many reasons for this shift. With it, manners have fallen somewhat to the wayside.  “It’s a phenomenon across the world that families are getting smaller. Having just one or two kids means parents can focus more on each child and be more in tune with their needs and wants,” said Dr. Usha Udupa, a child and adolescent psychiatrist with University of Colorado Health’s Mountain necessary,” she added.  Some experts claim that parents who are overly fixated on their child’s well-being send the message earning to say pl


The War of Jenkins' Ear was part of which bigger war?

Causes of the War of Jenkins' Ear Updated January 14, 2016. Causes of the War of Jenkins' Ear: As part of the Treaty of Utrecht which ended the War of the Spanish Succession, Britain received a thirty-year trade agreement (an asiento) from Spain which permitted British merchants to trade up to 500 tons of goods per year in the Spanish colonies as well as sell an unlimited number of slaves. Though the asiento was in effect, its operation was often hindered by military conflicts between the two nations. In the wake of the Anglo-Spanish War (1727-1729), Britain granted Spain the right to stop British ships to ensure that the terms of the agreement were being respected. Believing that the British were taking advantage of the agreement and smuggling, Spanish authorities began boarding and seizing British ships, as well as holding and torturing their crews. This led to an increase in tensions and an up swell of anti-Spanish sentiment in Britain. Though wishing to avoid war, First Minister Sir Robert Walpole was pressured into sending additional troops to Gibraltar and dispatching a fleet to the West Indies. In return, King Philip V suspended the asiento and confiscated British ships in Spanish ports. Wishing to avoid a military conflict, both sides met at Pardo to seek a diplomatic resolution. The resulting Convention of Pardo, which was signed in early 1739, proved unpopular in Britain and the public clamored for war. By October, both sides had repeatedly violated the convention's terms. Though reluctant, Walpole officially declared war on October 23, 1739. The term "War of Jenkins' Ear" derives from Captain Robert Jenkins who had his ear cut off by the Spanish Coast Guard in 1731. Asked to appear in Parliament to recount his tale, he reputedly displayed his ear during his testimony. The War of Jenkins' Ear: In one of the first actions of the war, Vice Admiral Edward Vernon descended on Porto Bello, Panama with six ships of the line . Attacking the poorly defended Spanish town, he quickly captured it and remained there for three weeks. The victory led to the naming of Portobello Road in London and public debut of the song Rule, Britannia! With the beginning of 1740, both sides anticipated that France would enter the war on the side of Spain. This led to invasion scares in Britain and resulted in the bulk of their military and naval strength being retained in Europe. Overseas, Governor James Oglethorpe of Georgia mounted an expedition into Spanish Florida with the goal of capturing St. Augustine. Arriving in June, he began a bombardment of the city while Royal Navy forces blockaded the port. Seeking to reinforce the garrison, the Spanish were able to penetrate the blockade, forcing Oglethorpe to abandon the siege and withdraw back to Georgia. Though the Royal Navy was focusing on home defense, a squadron was formed in late 1740, under Commodore George Anson to raid Spanish possessions in the Pacific. Departing on September 18, 1740, Anson's squadron encountered severe weather and was plagued by disease. Reduced to one ship, Anson succeeded in capturing the treasure galleon Nuestra Señora de Covadonga off the Philippines on June 20, 1743. Completing a circumnavigation of the globe, he returned home a hero. Encouraged by Vernon's success against Porto Bello in 1739, efforts were made in 1741 to mount a larger expedition in Caribbean. Assembling a force of over 180 ships and 30,000 men, Vernon planed to attack Cartagena. Arriving in early March 1741, Vernon's efforts to take the city were plagued by a lack of supplies, personal rivalries, and rampaging disease. Endeavoring to defeat the Spanish, Vernon was forced to withdraw after sixty-seven days which saw around a third of his force lost to enemy fire and disease. News of the defeat ultimately led to Walpole leaving office and being replaced by Lord Wilmington. More interested in pursuing campaigns in the Mediterranean, Wilmington began to wind down operations in the Americas. Repulsed at Cartagena, Vernon attempted to take Santiago de Cuba, but was forced to abandon the operat


What Rivers Flow Into the Baltic Sea? | Trails.com What Rivers Flow Into the Baltic Sea? Tweet North Europe's Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea bordered by the Scandinavian Peninsula and the mainland of Europe. Covering over 149,000 square miles, the Baltic Sea eventually empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Twenty-nine major rivers flow through eight European nations to drain into the Baltic Sea or its two arms, the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland.   Rivers of Sweden Nineteen Swedish rivers feed the Baltic Sea. Many are navigable and have hydroelectric power plants located along them. The Indalsalven has 26 power plants located along its 166-mile stretch. The Ume River is 285 miles long     Rivers of Finland Fifteen rivers flow into the Baltic Sea from Finland. Both the Kemijoki (Kemi River) and the Torniojoki (Torne River) are important for both hydroelectric power generation and Atlantic salmon fisheries. Rivers of Russia Only two Russian rivers drain into the Baltic Sea: the Neva and the Pregolya. In terms of average discharge, the Neva is the third largest river in Europe. Rivers of Estonia Six rivers drain from Estonia into the Baltic Sea: Narva, Jagala, Pirita, Keila, Kasari and Parnu. The Parnu is 90 miles long. Rivers of Latvia Four rivers cross through Latvia into the Baltic Sea: Gauja, Daugava, Lielupe and Venta. Only the Gauja originates and ends within the Latvian borders. The Venta River originates in Lithuania and travels 215 miles to the Baltic Sea. River of Lithuania One Lithuanian river, the Neman, drains into the Baltic Sea. A major navigable river, the Neman is Europe's 14th longest river at more than 559 miles long. Rivers of Poland Eleven Polish rivers enter the Baltic Sea. Two of them, the Vistula and Oder, are the longest ones at 651 miles and 531 miles, respectively. Both are major transportation routes. The Vistula's headwaters are in the Carpathian Mountains, while the Oder originates in the Oder Mountains in the Czech Republic. Rivers of Germany Six German rivers flow into the Baltic Sea: Uecker, Peene, Recknitz, Warnow, Trave and the Schwentine. Both the Recknitz and the 94-mile-long Warnow have portions that are suitable for canoe trips, with overnight stays at campgrounds or inns.   Article Written By Damian Fagan Damian Fagan is a writer living in the Pacific Northwest. He has written several field guides for the Globe Pequot Press and published articles in magazines such as "Bird Watchers Digest," "Moab Happenings," "Faces" and "Appleseeds." Fagan holds a Bachelor of Science in botany.


Bellis perennis is the Latin name of which common flower?

Bellis perennis Daisy, Lawndaisy, English Daisy PFAF Plant Database Physical Characteristics   Bellis perennis is an evergreen Perennial growing to 0.2 m (0ft 8in) by 0.2 m (0ft 8in) at a medium rate. It is hardy to zone (UK) 4 and is not frost tender. It is in leaf 12-Jan It is in flower from Jan to December, and the seeds ripen from May to October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees, flies, beetles, self.The plant is self-fertile. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil. Synonyms Edible Parts: Flowers ;   Leaves . Edible Uses: Leaves - raw or cooked[2, 7, 52, 115]. The flavour is somewhat acrid[4]. A pleasant sour flavour according to another report[238] whilst a third says that they are mild and agreeable and are used in salads[217]. The daisy is occasionally used as a potherb[183]. Flower buds and petals - raw[144, 183]. Eaten in sandwiches, soups and salads[183]. Medicinal Uses Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. Expectorant ;   Laxative ;   Ophthalmic ;   Purgative ;   Tonic . Daisies are a popular domestic remedy with a wide range of applications[7]. They are a traditional wound herb[238] and are also said to be especially useful in treating delicate and listless children[7]. Recent research (1994) has been looking at the possibility of using the plant in HIV therapy[238]. The herb is mildly anodyne, antispasmodic, antitussive, demulcent, digestive, emollient, expectorant, laxative, ophthalmic, purgative and tonic[7, 9, 21]. The fresh or dried flowering heads are normally used[9]. An infusion is used in the treatment of catarrh, rheumatism, arthritis, liver and kidney disorders, as a blood purifier etc[9]. The daisy once had a great reputation as a cure for fresh wounds[4]. An ointment made from the leaves is applied externally to wounds, bruises etc[4, 232] whilst a distilled water is used internally to treat inflammatory disorders of the liver[4]. Chewing the fresh leaves is said to be a cure for mouth ulcers[244]. Daisies also have a reputation for effectiveness in treating breast cancers[7]. The flowers and leaves are normally used fresh in decoctions, ointments and poultices[238]. A strong decoction of the roots has been recommended for the treatment of scorbutic complaints and eczema, though it needs to be taken for some time before its effect becomes obvious[244]. A mild decoction may ease complaints of the respiratory tract, rheumatic pains and painful or heavy menstruation[244]. The plant, harvested when in flower, is used as a homeopathic remedy[232]. Its use is especially indicated in the treatment of bruising etc[232]. Other Uses An insect repellent spray can be made from an infusion of the leaves[57]. Daisies have traditionally been used for making daisy chains in children's games. Cultivation details Landscape Uses:Alpine garden, Border, Container, Ground cover, Rock garden. Succeeds in most well-drained soils in sun or semi-shade[188, 200]. The daisy is commonly found growing in many lawns, some varieties have been developed for the flower garden[1]. It is a good plant for the spring meadow[24]. The plants have a very long flowering season, they will even produce a few flowers in the middle of mild winters[K]. Special Features: Edible, Not North American native, Naturalizing, Attracts butterflies, Suitable for dried flowers. Propagation Seed - sow as soon as the seed is ripe in June. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out in late summer[200]. Division after flowering[200]. Very easy, it can be done at almost any time of the year, though spring and early summer are best[K]. The divisions can be planted straight out into their permanent positions. Other N


Who, in 1961, founded Amnesty International?

Amnesty International - History Amnesty International The Nobel Peace Prize 1977 Amnesty International Share this: Amnesty International - History Amnesty International was founded in  1961 by Peter Benenson, a British lawyer. It was originally his  intention to launch an appeal in Britain with the aim of  obtaining an amnesty for prisoners of conscience all over the  world. The committee working for this cause soon found that a  detailed documentation of this category of prisoners would be  needed. Gradually they realized that the work would have to be  carried out on a more permanent basis; the number of prisoners of  conscience was enormous and they were to be found in every part  of the world. Amnesty International is a world-embracing movement working for  the protection of human rights. It is independent of all  governments and is neutral in its relation to political groups,  ideologies and religious dividing lines. The movement works for  the release of women and men who have been arrested for their  convictions, the colour of their skin, their ethnic origin or  their faith - provided that they have not themselves used force  or exhorted others to resort to violence. It is this category of  prisoners that Amnesty International calls "prisoners of  conscience". The movement proclaimed 1977 "Prisoners of  Conscience Year" and collected signatures for an appeal addressed  to the General Assembly of the United Nations. To begin with, Amnesty International was a British organization,  but in 1963 an international secretariat was established. Seán Mac Bride - later  awarded the Nobel peace prize - became chairman of the  organization in 1963, at a time when Amnesty International was  rapidly expanding. Ten years after its foundation the  organization comprised more than 1000 voluntary groups in 28  countries and the figures are steadily rising. In February this  year (1977) there were 1874 groups in 33 countries. The present  chairman of Amnesty International is the Swede Thomas  Hammarberg. In addition to its work for the prisoners of conscience - "the  forgotten prisoners" - Amnesty International has also carried on  campaigns against torture and ill-treatment as well as - in  recent years - against capital punishment. In the statutes  adopted by the organization in 1974 these three tasks are named  as the most important ones for Amnesty International.


The Taino are the indigenous people of which island?

The Indigenous People of the Caribbean | Cultural Survival Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine The Indigenous People of the Caribbean Sponsored by the Florida Museum of Natural History and emerging from a conference organized by the Virgin Islands Humanities Council, this volume brings together the researchers from three subdisciplines under one cover: archaeology, ethnohistory, and ethnology. It includes the work of an extraordinary range of specialists and provides a well-rounded introduction to the history of indigenous peoples in the Caribbean. But the reader should be warned -- this text does not provide any substantial information, as the title might otherwise suggest, about indigenous peoples in the Caribbean today. The text is divided into six parts: a background review of archaeology and historiography, the period of colonial encounter, the pre-Colombian migration of village farmers, the Taino (or Arawak) on the eve of the Spanish conquest, the Island Carib of the Lesser Antilles, and finally, three short essays on contemporary Caribbean indigeneity. This is an interesting and wide-ranging text, but the diverse collection of essays suffers from two serious flaws. Firstly, I am somewhat disappointed that the editor failed to discuss or debate the controversial and outdated hypothesis of Irving Rouse, regarding the conquest of Island-dwelling Arawaks by "cannibalistic" Caribs migrating north from South America. The ethnic distinction between Taino and Caribs is problematic at best, and the Carib/Cannibal myth has been thoroughly debunked in recent literature, especially by writers such as Whitehead and Hulme. This should have been addressed in a serious volume of this scope. Secondly, the existence of indigenous people in the Caribbean into the new millennium continues to challenge popular writing and standard scholarship. Entrenched is the idea that the Taino became extinct within the first generation of European contact and that between 1620 and 1660, this wave of conquest reduced indigenous control in the archepelago to parts of the islands of Dominica and St Vincent. But Caribs and Arawaks did survive outside of these areas of indigenous political control -- yet it rarely acknowledged. How often does one see reference to the fact that there is only one "official" preserve for the indigenous Island Caribs, and that is on Dominica? (The St Vincentian "Black" Carib or Garifuna population had been relocated by the British to Honduras in the 1790s -- at roughly the same time as the British also expelled thousands of Jamaican Maroons to Nova Scotia.) It might therefore come as a surprise to some to learn of the many "new" Taino organizations which have appeared, as if out of nowhere, in recent years in Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Dominican Republic, or when one "discovers" that Island Carib life is being celebrated on a regular basis in Trinidad and Tobago, at the annual Santa Rosa Festival (see article in this issue). Yet in 1989, Cultural Survival reported a population of over 1000 descendants of the Taino, referred to as Cubenos by Bartolome de Las Casas in the 1500s, living in the far east of that island in the vicinity of Baracoa. For various reasons, the existence of an Indian population in Cuba has been vehemently denied by both government sources and academics for most of this century, and the belief persists that they were exterminated by 1550. In the view of many Cubans, such people cease to be Indians if they intermix with African or Europeans, or if they exhibit any western affectations. The editor of the volume, Samuel Wilson, admits that the colonial conquest of the Caribbean, like in so many other places, both killed large numbers of people and forced others through a historical labyrinth of changing possibilities -- and changing cultural and political strategies for survival. As he says in his introduction, "...despite the ravages of five centuries of European conquest, the indigenous people of the Caribbean have survived...and the voice of their descendants is growing ever stronger in the modern Cari


Which dice board game originated as a Hindu journey of enlightenment?

Ancient Indian Games - History of India - Quatr.us Ancient Indian Games A die found in excavations at a Harappan period site. Note that the six is not opposite the one. December 2016 - People in India brought the idea of throwing the knucklebones of sheep or pigs to tell the future, or to play a game of skill like jacks, when they first came from Africa to India about 40,000 BC . But people in India may have been the first to get the idea of carving those knucklebones and turning them into marked dice . The earliest known dice in the world come from a backgammon set from Iran, from about 3000 BC . Harappan people certainly used dice about 2500 BC , and the Rig Veda and the Mahabharata - Indian books - both tell stories about dice. Certainly Indian people invented a lot of board games, and they liked to play them. By the 300s AD , in the Guptan Empire , people in India were playing Pachisi (we know it as Parcheesi). They made the boards out of cotton cloth , and threw six cowrie shells to determine the moves. They made the pieces out of wood. About 600 AD , under people in India began to play chess. They may have gotten the idea partly from China , where versions of chess were a variation on earlier games of Go. Chess soon spread from India to the Islamic Empire and from there to Europe . Playing cards reached India from China around 900 AD; many people in India changed the rectangular cards for circular ones. Indian Snakes and Ladders game (1700s AD) Sometime around the 1200s AD (or possibly earlier), people in India also began playing a game they called Snakes and Ladders (we know it as Chutes and Ladders). This was a Hindu game. Each space was called a house, and each house represented a kind of emotion. You threw dice to see how far you should go, and used a cowrie shell for your piece. The ladders stood for good feelings, while the snakes stood for bad feelings that took you farther away from Nirvana . People in India also played the game of mancala , which probably started as an African game . Athletic games were also popular in ancient India. Wrestling matches and archery, as in Central Asia , were very common. Camel racing and boat races were also common. Learn by doing: play a game of chess, Parcheesi or Chutes and Ladders


Hammurabi was a king of which people in about 1750BC?

Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C) Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C) Sixth and best-known ruler of the 1st (Amorite) dynasty of Babylon (reigning c. 1792-50 BC), noted for his surviving set of laws, once considered the oldest promulgation of laws in human history. Like all the kings of his dynasty except his father and grandfather, Hammurabi bore a tribal Amorite name belonging to the Amnanum. Only scanty information exists about his immediate family: his father, Sin-muballit; his sister, Iltani; and his firstborn son and successor, Samsuiluna, are known by name. When Hammurabi succeeded Sin-muballit about 1792 BC he was still young, but, as was customary in Mesopotamian royal courts of the time, he had probably already been entrusted with some official duties in the administration of the realm. In that same year Rim-Sin of Larsa, who ruled over the entire south of Babylonia, conquered Isin, which served as a buffer between Babylon and Larsa. Rim-Sin later became Hammurabi's chief rival. The reconstruction of Hammurabi's rule is based mainly on his date formulas (years were named for a significant act the king had performed in the previous year or at the beginning of the year thus named). These show him engaged in the traditional activities of an ancient Mesopotamian king: building and restoring temples, city walls, and public buildings, digging canals, dedicating cult objects to the deities in the cities and towns of his realm, and fighting wars. His official inscriptions commemorating his building activities corroborate this but add no significant historical information. The size, location, and military strength of the realm left to Hammurabi made it one of the major powers in Babylonia. That Hammurabi was not strong enough to change the balance of power by his own will is well expressed in a diplomatic report: "There is no king who is powerful for himself: with Hammurabi, 'the man of Babylon,' go 10 or 15 kings, so with Rim-Sin, 'the man of Larsa'; with Ibalpiel, 'the man of Eshunna,' . . . go 20 kings." Hammurabi inherited one major direction for his political activity: to succeed in controlling the Euphrates watersimportant in an area that depended exclusively on irrigation agriculture. Such a policy naturally led to conflicts with the kingdom of Larsa, which was situated in a disadvantageous downstream position. This policy, begun by Hammurabi's great-grandfather but most forcefully and partially successfully pursued by his father, Hammurabi himself took up in 1787 BC, near the beginning of his reign, when he conquered the cities Uruk (Erech) and Isin, held by Rim-Sin, and clashed again with Rim-Sin the year after. But, according to Hammurabi's date formulas and contemporary diplomatic correspondence, these operations led no further because Hammurabi shifted the direction of his military operations in 1784 toward the northwest and the east. For almost 20 years thereafter no significant warlike activity is reported. These years were characterized by changing coalitions among the main kingdomsMari, Ashur, Eshnunna, Babylon, and Larsa. Hammurabi used this time of uneasy stalemate to fortify several cities on his northern borders (1776-1768 BC). The last 14 years of Hammurabi's reign were overshadowed by continuous warfare. In 1764 Hammurabi dealt with a coalition of Ashur, Eshnunna, and Elamthe main powers east of the Tigriswhose position threatened to block his access to the metal-producing areas of Iran. It can be assumed, however, that Hammurabi took the initiative in moving against Rim-Sin of Larsa in 1763 BC. Few particulars are reported about this latter war, but it seems that Hammurabi successfully employed a stratagem that apparently had been used before by Sin-muballit against Rim-Sin: damming up the water of a main watercourse and then either releasing it suddenly to create a devastating flood or simply withholding itthe main resource of lifefrom the enemy's people (that Hammurabi used this device to bring about Rim-Sin's defeat can be assumed from the fact that in 1760 he rebuilt a canalthe western branch of the Euph


In classical literature, whose home was Thomfield Hall?

Jane Eyre Summary - eNotes.com Jane Eyre Summary Charlotte Brontë Jane Eyre Summary The orphaned Jane Eyre grows up with her cruel aunt and cousins, before she is sent away to a girls' boarding school, Lowood, which teaches poor and orphaned girls. Though her aunt tries to undermine Jane's experience at the school, Jane does well in school, and stays at Lowood as a teacher after she graduates. After her confidante and former teacher, Miss Temple, gets married, Jane takes a job as a governess at Thornfield Hall, which the elderly housekeeper, Alice Fairfax, advertised. Her student is a young, French girl named Adele, whose connection with the household is not particularly clear. The master of the house, Edward Rochester, takes an immediate liking to Jane, even though at their first meeting, Rochester had just fallen off his horse on an icy bit of road. Rochester seems to be falling in love with Jane, who is also falling for him, but there are also rumors that Rochester will soon get married to the lovely and talented, but hard-hearted Blanche Ingram. Beyond that, Thornfield Hall is becoming more and more eerie, as Jane hears disembodied voices, and one night Rochester almost dies when his bed catches fire under mysterious circumstances. However, Rochester does ask Jane to marry him, but their modest wedding ceremony is interrupted when Mr. Briggs declares that Rochester already has an insane wife locked away on the third floor. Jane runs away, and coincidentally ends up on the doorstep of a group of siblings who turn out to be her cousins (from the other side of her family than the cruel aunt from her childhood). While living with the Rivers family, Jane learns she has inherited money from her uncle, which she shares with her cousins. One of her cousins wants Jane to marry him and be a missionary with him in India, but Jane does not want to, though she feels a sense of Christian duty to do so.  Then one night, she hears Rochester's disembodied voice calling her name, and takes it as a sign to return to Thornfield. When she arrives she finds that Rochester's wife has burned Thornfield to the ground, and Rochester has lost his hand and his sight. His wife died after jumping off the building. Jane marries him, and they have a child together. Download Study Guide Start Free Trial Start your free trial with eNotes to access more than 30,000 study guides. Get help with any book. link Link Summary of the Novel Jane Eyre, an orphan, lives with her abusive aunt, Sarah Reed, and her mean-spirited cousins, John, Eliza, and Georgiana, at Gateshead Hall. She is sent away to the Lowood School where the conditions are very harsh. Jane befriends a fellow student, Helen Burns, and Miss Temple, a teacher. When Helen Burns dies, and Miss Temple marries, Jane decides to leave Lowood, and secures a job as a governess at Thornfield. At Thornfield, Jane’s duties are to teach the master’s foster child Adele Varens. Although he has a brusque manner, Jane finds the master, Edward Fairfax Rochester, attractive and fascinating. One night Jane is awakened by strange noises. Seeing smoke coming from Mr. Rochester’s room, she runs in and throws water on the fire, awakening him. He leads Jane to believe that it is Grace Poole, a servant, who caused the damage. Meanwhile, Mr. Rochester apparently pursues Blanche Ingram, a local beauty, while Jane’s love for him continues to grow. Jane leaves Thornfield to visit the dying Mrs. Reed, who tells her that John Eyre, her father’s brother, is trying to contact her. When Jane returns to Thornfield, Mr. Rochester switches his affections from Blanche to Jane, and proposes marriage. The wedding ceremony is interrupted by Mr. Briggs, who claims that Mr. Rochester is already married. The mad Bertha Rochester, who is locked away on the third floor of Thornfield, is exposed to Jane. Jane flees, and arrives at Moor House where she is taken in by St. John Rivers, a minister. Jane receives an inheritance from her uncle, John Eyre. St. John Rivers proposes marriage to Jane, but she declines since she still has Mr. Rocheste


Which company, best-known as a manufacturer of luxury cars, also made buses, such as the Freeline and Fleetline models?

Daimler Motor Company - Razor Robotics www.daimlercars.com Flutes: Daimler's traditional radiator grille topped by now-vestigial cooling fins adopted by 1905 The Daimler Company Limited, until 1910 The Daimler Motor Company Limited, was an independent British motor vehicle manufacturer founded in London by H. J. Lawson in 1896, which set up its manufacturing base in Coventry. The company bought the right to the use of the Daimler name simultaneously from Gottlieb Daimler and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft of Cannstatt, Germany. After early financial difficulty and a reorganization of the company in 1904, the Daimler Motor Company was purchased by Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) in 1910, which also made cars under its own name before World War II. In 1933, BSA bought the Lanchester Motor Company and made it a subsidiary of Daimler. The company was awarded a Royal Warrant to provide cars to the British Monarch in 1902; it lost this privilege in the 1950s after being supplanted by Rolls-Royce. The company occasionally used alternative technology: the Knight engine which it partially developed in the early twentieth century and used from 1909 to 1935, worm gear final drive used from 1909 until after World War II, and the Wilson preselector gearbox used from 1930 to the mid-1950s. In the 1950s, Daimler tried to widen its appeal with a line of smaller cars at one end and opulent show cars at the other, stopped making Lanchesters, had a highly publicised removal of their chairman from the board, and developed and sold a sports car and a high-performance luxury saloon and limousine. In 1960, BSA sold Daimler to Jaguar Cars, which continued Daimler's line and added a Daimler variant of its Mark II sports saloon. Jaguar was then merged into the British Motor Corporation in 1966 and British Leyland in 1968. Under these companies, Daimler became an upscale trim level for Jaguar cars except for the 1968-1992 Daimler DS420 limousine, which had no Jaguar equivalent despite being fully Jaguar-based. Jaguar was split off from British Leyland in 1984 and bought by the Ford Motor Company in 1989. Ford stopped using the Daimler name on Jaguars (or any other cars) in 2007 and sold Jaguar to Tata Motors in 2008. Tata bought the Daimler and Lanchester brands with Jaguar, but has not used them thus far; as of 2015, the brand appears to be dormant. Origin Simms and the Daimler engine Gottlieb Daimler's railcars "tirelessly ferrying passengers around the Bremen showground as if by magic". Simms in his Motor Scout, in June 1899. Engineer Frederick Richard Simms was supervising construction of an aerial cableway of his own design for the Bremen Exhibition in 1889 when he saw tiny railcars powered by Gottlieb Daimler's motors. Simms, who had been born to English parents in Hamburg and raised by them there, became friends with Daimler, an Anglophile who had worked from autumn 1861 to summer 1863 at Beyer-Peacock in Gorton, Manchester. Simms introduced Daimler’s motors to England in 1890 to power launches. In an agreement dated 18 February 1891, he obtained British and Empire rights for the Daimler patents. That month, Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft lent Simms a motorboat with a 2 hp engine and an extra engine. In June 1891 Simms had set up a London office at 49 Leadenhall Street and founded Simms & Co consulting engineers. In May 1892, the motorboat, which Simms had named Cannstatt, began running on the Thames from Putney. After demonstrating a motor launch to The Honourable Evelyn Ellis, Simms's motor launch business grew rapidly, but became endangered when solicitor Alfred Hendriks was found to have been illegally taking money from the company. Hendriks severed his connections with Simms & Co. in February 1893. Simms' Daimler-related work was later moved into a new company, The Daimler Motor Syndicate Limited, which was formed on 26 May 1893. Simms plans to make cars Following the success of Daimler-powered Peugeots and Panhards at the 1894 Paris–Rouen competition, Simms decided to open a motor car factory, possibly the UK's first motor company. On


In Greek mythology who was the mother of Zeus, Poseidon and Hades?

HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the Underworld (Roman Pluto) Pluto, Dis Hades and Persephone, Apulian red-figure vase C4th B.C. HAIDES (Hades) was the king of the underworld and god of the dead. He presided over funeral rites and defended the right of the dead to due burial. Haides was also the god of the hidden wealth of the earth, from the fertile soil with nourished the seed-grain, to the mined wealth of gold, silver and other metals. Haides was devoured by Kronos (Cronus) as soon as he was born, along with four of his siblings. Zeus later caused the Titan to disgorge them, and together they drove the Titan gods from heaven and locked them away in the pit of Tartaros. When the three victorious brothers then drew lots for the division of the cosmos, Haides received the third portion, the dark dismal realm of the underworld, as his domain. Haides desired a bride and petitioned his brother Zeus to grant him one of his daughters. The god offered him Persephone , the daughter of Demeter. However, knowing that the goddess would resist the marriage, he assented to the forceful abduction of the girl. When Demeter learned of this, she was furious and caused a great dearth to fall upon the earth until her daughter was returned. Zeus was forced to concede lest mankind perish, and the girl was fetched forth from the underworld. However, since she had tasted of the pomegranate seed, she was forced to return to him for a portion of each year. Haides was depicted as a dark-bearded, regal god. He was depicted as either Aidoneus, enthroned in the underworld, holding a bird-tipped sceptre, or as Plouton (Pluton), the giver of wealth, pouring fertility from a cornucopia. The Romans named him Dis, or Pluto, the Latin form of his Greek title Plouton, "the Lord of Riches." FAMILY OF HADES PARENTS [1.1] KRONOS & RHEA (Hesiod Theogony 453, Homer Iliad 15.187, Apollodorus 1.4, Diodorus Siculus 5.68.1, Hyginus Pref) OFFSPRING [1.1] THE ERINYES (by Persephone ) (Orphic Hymns 29.6 70.3) [1.2] THE ERINYES (Statius Thebaid 12.557 & 11.47) [2.1] ZAGREUS (Aeschylus Frag 124) [3.1] MELINOE (by Persephone ) (Orphic Hymn 71) [4.1] MAKARIA (Suidas s.v. Makaria) ENCYCLOPEDIA HADES or PLUTON (Haidês, Ploutôn or poetically Aïdês, Aidôneus and Ploutens), the god of the lower world. Plato (Cratyl. p. 403) observes that people preferred calling him Pluton (the giver of wealth) to pronouncing the dreaded name of Hades or Aides. Hence we find that in ordinary life and in the mysteries the name Pluton became generally established, while the poets preferred the ancient name Aides or the form Pluteus. The etymology of Hades is uncertain: some derive it from a-idein, whence it would signify "the god who makes invisible," and others from hadô or chadô; so that Hades would mean "the allembracer," or "all-receiver." The Roman poets use the names Dis, Orcus, and Tartarus as synonymous with Pluton, for the god of the lower world. Hades is a son of Cronus and Rhea, and a brother of Zeus and Poseidon. He was married to Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. In the division of the world among the three brothers, Hades obtained "the darkness of night," the abode of the shades, over which he rules. (Apollod. i. 1. § 5, 2. § 1.) Hence he is called the infernal Zeus (Zeus katachthonios), or the king of the shades (anae enerôn, Hom. Il. ix. 457, xx. 61. xv. 187, &c.). As, however, the earth and Olympus belonged to the three brothers in common, he might ascend Olympus, as he did at the time when he was wounded by Heracles. (Il. v. 395; comp. Paus. vi. 25. § 3; Apollod. ii. 7. § 3; Pind. Ol. ix. 31.) But when Hades was in his own kingdom, he was quite unaware of what was going on either on earth or in Olympus (Il. xx. 61, &c.), and it was only the oaths and curses of men that reached his ears, as they reached those of the Erinnyes. He possessed a helmet which rendered the wearer invisible (Il. v. 845), and later traditions stated that this helmet was given him as a present by the Cyclopes after their delivery from Tartarus. (Apollod. i. 2. § 1.) Ancient story mentio


In which country are the Ibo people mainly found?

Igbo People: 5 Notable Truths About The Nigerian Tribe Chuka Udeze Advertisement Igbo is one of the ethnic groups found in the country of Nigeria. Some people view Igbo as a nation that constitutes Igbo land. The group mainly occupies the South eastern region of Nigeria. This region is considered as one of the most densely populated regions in the whole of Africa. The main language spoken is Igbo also spelt as Ibo or Eboe. Nigerian English or pidgin english is also spoken by the ethnic community. There has always been conflicting information on the Igbo people, but the following are the 5 notable truths about the Igbo people:  1. Population The Igbo people are said to be the third largest ethnic community in Nigeria. The tribe comes after second placed Yoruba, and the leading group the Fulani-Hausa. The exact figures are not fully known but are estimated to be about 30 million people as of 2012.This forms 18 % of the total Nigerian population of about 170 million people. The Hausa-Fulani account for 29%, while the Yoruba forms 21% of the entire population. The ethnic group is so dispersed that its third position as the largest community in Nigeria is being contested by the Ijaw people. Ndi Igbo via blogspot.com  2. Demographics Igbo people will mainly be found in the South east region of Nigeria. They occupy the regions of Anambra, Abia, Imo, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo, Delta, as well as Rivers State . Enugu is considered the main capital of Igboland. Other prominent cities and towns in the region include Owerri, Aba, Abakaliki, Onitsha, Afikpo, Asaba, Orlu, Agbor, Umuahia, Okigwe, Nsukka, and Port Harcourt. The Igbo people will also be found in Cities outside Igboland such as Lagos , and Abuja . For many centuries, the people from Ibo community have always lived in peace with their neighboring communities that consist of the Ibibio, Nupe, Ijo, Idoma, Igala, and Ekoi people.  3. Economics There are several economic activities practiced by the Igbo people. This includes trading, farming, and crafts. Agriculture is the most dominant activity .The main crops farmed in the region constitutes; yam, taro, cassava, and fruit of the palm tree. The yam is the main staple food which is also exported to neighboring region. There is also an annual celebration that is held to mark the harvesting of yams. Overtime, people have been turning to cultivating the fruit of the palm due to its palm oil. The palm crop is the leading cash crop in the region owing to the large quantities of palm oil that is exported outside Nigeria. Igbo people celebrating with Masquerade – wikipedia.org  4. Religion The main religion in Igboland is Christianity, with more than half the Christians being Roman Catholics. Other religions include the traditional religion referred to as Odinani, Muslims, and Jews. The Ibo people are very religious. They always observe the religious rites as well as traditional rituals of passage in different stages of their lives. This will happen during child-birth, marriage, initiation, as well as burials. However, western based religions are gradually taking over as the preferred religions instead of the traditional practices. This is usually witnessed among the younger generation.  5. Political System Although politics play an integral part in the people of Ibo community, their political impact is never really felt in Nigerian politics. This is attributed to the numerous divisions and fragments that exist in the region. This effect was first felt during the Nigerian civil war also known as the Nigerian –Biafra war. This war that took place between 1966 and 1970 pitted the Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other communities living in the region, against the Northern Muslims. Since then, the political system in Igboland has never really recovered. Political representations are in a very low-key, and also few people of Igbo origin hold any major political offices. Oji Igbo – learnigbonow.com Although the people belonging to the Igbo community are mainly found in Southeast Nigeria, the Igbo people continue to spread to other regions of Nigeria as we


Who, in 1960, founded the Hospice movement in Britain?

History of Hospice Care | National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization History of Hospice Care Hospice: A Historical Perspective The term “hospice” (from the same linguistic root as “hospitality”) can be traced back to medieval times when it referred to a place of shelter and rest for weary or ill travelers on a long journey.  The name was first applied to specialized care for dying patients by physician Dame Cicely Saunders, who began her work with the terminally ill in 1948 and eventually went on to create the first modern hospice—St. Christopher’s Hospice—in a residential suburb of London. Saunders introduced the idea of specialized care for the dying to the United States during a 1963 visit with Yale University.  Her lecture, given to medical students, nurses, social workers, and chaplains about the concept of holistic hospice care, included photos of terminally ill cancer patients and their families, showing the dramatic differences before and after the symptom control care.  This lecture launched the following chain of events, which resulted in the development of hospice care as we know it today. 1965: Florence Wald, then Dean of the Yale School of Nursing, invites Saunders to become a visiting faculty member of the school for the spring term. 1967: Dame Cicely Saunders creates St. Christopher's Hospice in the United Kingdom. 1968: Wald takes a sabbatical from Yale to work at St. Christopher’s and learn all she can about hospice. 1969: A book based on more than 500 interviews with dying patients is published, entitled, On Death and Dying.  Written by Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, it identifies the five stages through which many terminally ill patients progress.  The book becomes an internationally known best seller.  Within it, Kubler-Ross makes a plea for home care as opposed to treatment in an institutional setting and argues that patients should have a choice and the ability to participate in the decisions that affect their destiny. 1972:  Kubler-Ross testifies at the first national hearings on the subject of death with dignity, which are conducted by the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging.  In her testimony, Kubler-Ross states, “We live in a very particular death-denying society.  We isolate both the dying and the old, and it serves a purpose.  They are reminders of our own mortality.  We should not institutionalize people.  We can give families more help with home care and visiting nurses, giving the families and the patients the spiritual, emotional, and financial help in order to facilitate the final care at home.” 1974:  Florence Wald, along with two pediatricians and a chaplain, founded Connecticut Hospice in Branford, Connecticut. 1974: The first hospice legislation is introduced by Senators Frank Church and Frank E. Moss to provide federal funds for hospice programs.  The legislation is not enacted. 1978: A U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare task force reports that “the hospice movement as a concept for the care of the terminally ill and their families is a viable concept and one which holds out a means of providing more humane care for Americans dying of terminal illness while possibly reducing costs.  As such, it is the proper subject of federal support.” 1979: The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) initiates demonstration programs at 26 hospices across the country to assess the cost effectiveness of hospice care and to help determine what a hospice is and what it should provide. 1980: The W.K. Kellogg Foundation awards a grant to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAHO) to investigate the status of hospice and to develop standards for hospice accreditation. 1982: Congress includes a provision to create a Medicare hospice benefit in the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, with a 1986 sunset provision. 1984: JCAHO initiates hospice accreditation. 1986: The Medicare Hospice Benefit is made permanent by Congress and hospices are given a 10% increase in reimbursement rates.  States are given the


Taraxacum officinale is the Latin name of which common flowering plant?

Taraxacum officinale Dandelion - Kukraundha, Kanphool, Common dandelion, Dandelion PFAF Plant Database Care Summary Bloom Color: Yellow. Main Bloom Time: Early summer, Early spring, Late summer, Late spring, Mid summer, Mid spring. Form: Spreading or horizontal. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:MatthiasKabel Physical Characteristics   Taraxacum officinale is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.5 m (1ft 8in) by 0.3 m (1ft) at a fast rate. It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from Apr to May, and the seeds ripen from May to June. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Insects, self, apomictic.The plant is self-fertile. It is noted for attracting wildlife. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure. Synonyms Edible Uses: Coffee ;   Tea . Leaves - raw or cooked[1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 33, 154]. When used in salads, they are rather bitter, though less so in the winter. Tender young leaves are considerably less bitter than older leaves[K]. The leaves are often blanched (by excluding light from the growing plant) before use[183]. This will make them less bitter, but they will also contain less vitamins and minerals[K]. A very nutritious food, 100g of the raw leaves contain about 2.7g. protein, 9.2g. carbohydrate, 187mg Calcium, 66mg phosphorus, 3.1mg iron, 76mg sodium, 397mg potassium, 36mg magnesium, 14000iu vitamin A, 0.19mg vitamin B1, 0.26mg vitamin B2, 35mg vitamin C[173]. Root - raw or cooked[5, 9, 12, 183]. Bitter. A turnip-like flavour[159]. Flowers - raw or cooked[102, 159]. A rather bitter flavour[K], the unopened flower buds can be used in fritters[183] and they can also be preserved in vinegar and used like capers[7]. Both the leaves and the roots are used to flavour herbal beers and soft drinks such as 'Dandelion and Burdock'[238]. The roots of 2 year old plants are harvested in the autumn, dried and roasted to make a very good coffee substitute[2, 4, 5, 12, 54, 159]. It is caffeine-free[213]. A pleasant tea is made from the flowers[12, 102]. They are also used to make wine - all green parts should be removed when making wine to prevent a bitter flavour[238]. The leaves and the roots can also be used to make tea. Medicinal Uses Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. Stomachic ;   Tonic ;   Warts . The dandelion is a commonly used herbal remedy. It is especially effective and valuable as a diuretic because it contains high levels of potassium salts and therefore can replace the potassium that is lost from the body when diuretics are used[238]. All parts of the plant, but especially the root, are slightly aperient, cholagogue, depurative, strongly diuretic, hepatic, laxative, stomachic and tonic[4, 7, 9, 21, 54, 165, 176, 222, 238]. The root is also experimentally cholagogue, hypoglycaemic and a weak antibiotic against yeast infections[222]. The dried root has a weaker action[222]. The roots can be used fresh or dried and should be harvested in the autumn when 2 years old[4]. The leaves are harvested in the spring when the plant is in flower and can be dried for later use[9]. A tea can be made from the leaves or, more commonly, from the roots[213]. The plant is used internally in the treatment of gall bladder and urinary disorders, gallstones, jaundice, cirrhosis, dyspepsia with constipation, oedema associated with high blood pressure and heart weakness, chronic joint and skin complaints, gout, eczema and acne[238]. The plant has an antibacterial action, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pneumococci, Meningococci, Bacillus dysenteriae, B. typhi, C. diphtheriae, Proteus etc[176]. The latex contained in the plant sap can be used to


What is the maximum possible score in a game of ten pin bowling?

Bowling Score Calculator A strike (X) is when the bowler knocked down all 10 pins on the first try. (i.e. the first ball rolled). Since it's a strike there is no need to roll the ball for a second try for that frame! A spare (/) is when the bowler knocked down less than 10 pins with the first try (the first ball rolled) but knocked down the remaining pins with the second ball for a total of 10 pins knocked down for that frame. The maximum score for a game = 300 Examples of scoring Take a simple game where you have no strikes and no spares. You just throw 2 balls per frame knocking down 5 on your first ball and 3 on your second ball. And.. by chance you do this for all 10 frames of the game.  So... each frame would be worth 8 points for a grand total score of 80 for the whole game Let's hope you are a bit better than that and get a strike. Strikes are worth more and are a little more complicated to score The rule for a strike score is as follows: The score for the strike frame = 10 plus the total of the next TWO BALLS THROWN plus the previous frame score. What?? Say you have the following scores frame #1 = 8 (you rolled two balls but only knocked down 8 pins) frame #2 = X (strike!) You knocked down all 10 pins with the first ball) frame #3 (ball 1) = 7 pins knocked down and ball 2 = (only 1 more pin knocked down) Your score for frame #1 = 8 Your score for frame #2 = 10 + frame3(ball1) + frame3(ball2) + frame #1 score = 10 + 7 + 1 + 8 = 26 (this is the score you write down in the frame #2 box) Your score for frame 3 is just simple math or frame 2 + frame 3 = 34 (the score written in frame #3 box) Remember you can't compute frame 2's score UNTIL you have thrown TWO more balls (in frame 3)!!! Try this on the calculator and watch the scores appear. Now you get a spare Spares are almost the same as strikes except they are worth 10 points plus the value of the next ball thrown.  What?? Continue with frame #4 frame #4 you roll ball 1 and knock down 5 pins so ball 1 = 5 on your second ball for Frame #4 you knock down the remaining pins ball2 = 5 (all pins knocked down - 2 balls spare!) you can't total frame 4 yet because you need the value of your next ball in upcoming frame#5 Say in frame #5 you roll your ball and knock down 8 pins on the first roll. Ball 1 in Frame # 5 = 8 Now we can determine Frame #4s score. Now frame #4 score = 10 + frame 5(ball 1 value) + the score total in frame#3 = 10 + 8 + 34 Continuing on you roll your second ball in Frame#5 and you knock down 1 more pin. So the total score for frame #5 will be: frame #5 score = 52 (from frame#4) + 9 from frame #5 total = 61 Try this on the calculator and watch the scores appear. Another tricky part is the 10th frame if you get a strike on your FIRST ball - you must throw TWO more balls so you can compute the 10th frame score. (If these balls are strikes also, they only count as 10 each. They are just needed to get your next ball values.) You get a spare by a combination of your first and your SECOND ball you must throw a third ball to compute the spare equation. YOU ONLY THROW UP TO 3 balls in the 10th frame. Hope this helps, try it out on the calculator Close We are bowlers and we strive to make this the Internet's best bowling score calculator. Today we have a calculator for the 10 Pin bowlers out there and another calculator for Duck Pin bowlers. Of course one of the main reasons for this application is to answer the "what if's". At work the next day after league play from the previous night those missed spares nag at me. Have you ever wondered - What if I just picked up one more spare? Well, this website is for you. Try it on on your mobile device! Please send us your feedback - bowlinggenius@bowlinggenius.com Close How to use this calculator This is a website that calculates a bowling score based upon your input. You can have as many as 12 simultaneous games on the screen at one time. Simply click the button that says <Start Another Game> If you want more games to appear then click the <Start Another Game> button again and again. Scoring This webs


Sir John Thomas named as new Lord Chief Justice - BBC News BBC News Sir John Thomas named as new Lord Chief Justice 16 July 2013 Close share panel Image caption Sir John will take over as Lord Chief Justice in the autumn Sir John Thomas has been confirmed as the new Lord Chief Justice, replacing Lord Judge as head of the judiciary of England and Wales. Sir John, currently president of the Queen's Bench Division, will take over the £240,000-a-year role in October. . The 65-year-old was involved in recent high-profile cases including those of Abu Hamza and Julian Assange. After his appointment he pledged that judges would help ensure that justice was delivered "fairly and efficiently". As well as leading the judges of England and Wales, he will also play a key role mediating between the courts and ministers. Sir John was born in Carmarthen and brought up in Ystradgynlais, Powys. He was called to the bar in 1969 and was knighted when he became a High Court judge in 1996. 'Inevitable tension' Some had predicted the job would be given to Lady Justice Hallett, who led the London bombings inquest and would have become the first woman in the role. Also in the running, according to the BBC's legal correspondent Clive Coleman, was Lord Justice Leveson who led the recent inquiry into the ethics and practices of the press. Analysis By Clive ColemanLegal correspondent, BBC News The Lord Chief Justice has a critical constitutional role. As head of the judiciary in England and Wales, the 'chief' as he is sometimes known, is the face, leader and defender of the independent judiciary. Think of the judiciary and the government as two tectonic plates of the constitution. Through a combination of judicial review and the Human Rights Act there is now almost no area of government decision making that our unelected judges cannot scrutinise. That creates a tension between them and ministers, and the man who heads the judiciary has both to work with government and lead the powerful body of judges that holds it to account. The Lord Chief Justice also has an important role as President of the Courts in England and Wales during a what is a period of unprecedented change. He will be keen to protect access to justice and the rule of law at a time when the government is determined to cut the cost of the justice system and increase its efficiency. As if that wasn't enough, the 'chief' is also the presiding judge in the criminal division of the Court of Appeal, and is expected to sit on important cases, giving judgments on some of the major legal issues of the day, including providing guidance on sentencing. It's a huge job, but it does come with a salary of £240k. But Sir John was recommended by the Judicial Appointments Commission to Justice Secretary Chris Grayling, who then made the recommendation to the prime minister. Our correspondent said Sir John was taking a "very important constitutional role" and one where he could clash with the government. "The judiciary can scrutinise just about every area of government policy, so there is an inevitable tension between the two", he added. The panel that chose Sir John included Lord Neuberger, President of the Supreme Court and, for the first time, a lay member of the public, Dame Valerie Strachan. 'Fair and efficient' Sir John said it was a "privilege and honour" to take on the job and paid tribute to his predecessor Lord Judge who he said was "universally admired for his deep commitment to justice, the independence of the judiciary and the outstanding leadership he has given to all judges and magistrates". "Although in a time of reduced resources significant change must continue, the judiciary will play its leading part in ensuring that justice is delivered fairly and efficiently," he added. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 made the Lord Chief Justice head of the judiciary of England and Wales, a role previously held by the Lord Chancellor. The act means Sir John will take on about 400 statutory duties which include representing the views of the judiciary to Parliament, the deployment of judges and al


La Vuelta is the Spanish equivalent of which major sporting event?

Home     Newsroom     News     To keep the wheels spinning 9/2/2013 To keep the wheels spinning Since August 24, the wheels have been spinning in the Vuelta Ciclista a España, the world’s largest cycling event after the Tour de France and the Giro d`Italia. And participating as official logistics supplier to this event for the fifth consecutive year is DACHSER’s Spanish subsidiary, AZKAR. To keep the wheels spinning By the time they get to the final sprint in Madrid on September 15, the 198 pro cyclists will have completed 21 stages and raced more than 3,300 kilometers. Their route passes through large parts of Spain: from Galicia in the northwest, across Andalusia in the south, northwest to Catalonia , along the Cantabrian coast, and a final showdown in the Asturian mountains. Complex logistics in rough terrain Speeding just ahead of the cyclists is a baggage train full of equipment that has to reach often remote finish lines for each stage, both securely and reliably. It’s a big responsibility for AZKAR, the official logistics partner, because the wheels will really spin smoothly at the Vuelta only if the television broadcast, merchandising, press booths, cyclist and spectator catering, and medical staff facilities are present. Complex logistics in rough terrain To make sure they do, AZKAR provides 28 semi-trailers with XXL cabs for these purposes. Attached to them are 10 open trailers that serve as stages (VIP (3), podium, access control, medical station, press, media, permanent field office, and Junior-Vuelta), 12 covered trailers (with platforms and tarpaulins), three box trailers (for merchandising), two refrigerated trailers (for drinks), and one container trailer (the field kitchen). A truck serves as the permanent field office. In addition, AZKAR provides another truck for the televised broadcast of the race. This year, a total of 200 AZKAR employees throughout Spain are supporting the Vuelta, investing more than 8,000 hours in planning and carrying out the logistics for this major sporting event. When in the spotlight, there can be no compromise with quality: last year, the whole AZKAR team reported only a single flat tire. Final sprint Performance, teamwork and commitment – for sport and for customers Juan Antonio Quintana, AZKAR CEO, views cooperation with the Vuelta Ciclista a España from the customer perspective: “Cycling is the number one sport in our country if you want the focus to be on performance, teamwork and commitment. In addition, the Vuelta is Spain's flagship sporting event—which is exactly what AZKAR is striving to be in the logistics industry. We could hardly wish for a better way to demonstrate to the public our capacity as a service provider with a global logistics network than by the perfect organization of all transport needs for the Vuelta – down to the tiniest detail. That’s the quality we offer customers who put their trust in AZKAR every day.” Related Articles


Which Shakespeare play takes place in the Forest of Arden?

The Forest of Arden | Shakespeare's Globe Blog the forest of arden By Robin Craig, a Researcher at the Globe   As You Like It, performed in Georgian by Marjanishvili Theatre Company © John Haynes  What is the importance of the forest of Arden in As You Like It? It is not Shakespeare’s only play that features a move from the court to the woods – A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Timon of Athens do the same – but in As You Like It the forest takes on a special role as a place of inversion, cross-dressing and unsettled gender roles. The escape from the court changes the characters and creates a space of sexual freedom and chaos, where women take control and men learn lessons in romance. In the comedies, the forest becomes a distorted version of the court where social rules are broken, creating a sense of jovial confusion before a return to civilisation in the final act. ‘Gentlemen flock to him every day, and fleet the time carelessly, as they did in the golden world.’ Act 1.1 The forest can be defined as a 'pastoral space’ that represents the opposite of urban life in the play, representing the division between the city and the country that was beginning to emerge in Shakespeare’s time. The country was often seen as a place of nostalgia for a simpler time, as shown in Duke Senior’s forest court that echoes tales of Robin Hood. The merry court of the forest is an inversion of the court at the beginning of the play, far from the threats of violence and cruel treatment of Duke Frederick. Danger in the forest of As You Like It is never truly life-threatening but, when considering the role of the forest in other plays such as Titus Andronicus, the possibility of violence draws a long shadow over the plot. 'Alas, what danger will it be to us, Maids as we are, to travel forth so far!’ Act 1.3 When Rosalind and Celia decide to enter the forest, they must put on disguises as 'beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.’ (1.3) The threat of displaying beauty is underscored by the reputation forests had during Shakespeare’s time as spaces where vagrants lived outside society, presenting a danger of sexual violence for women who wandered there alone. For wealthy women, such as Rosalind and Celia, the threat would be even more pronounced as they would be visibly affluent in a place of extreme poverty, fuelling Celia’s decision to dress in 'poor and mean attire’. (1.3) The forest of Arden is a place of comedy but underlying the play is a sense of unspoken danger, drawing on the role of the forest as a place of tragedy and violence that it assumes in Shakespeare’s other plays. As You Like It, 2009 © John Tramper  'I prithee, pretty youth, let me be better acquainted with thee.’ Act 4.1 Rosalind’s decision to disguise herself as a 'pretty youth’ named Ganymede, rather than mimicking Celia’s peasant dress, allows her a degree of control over her romantic future she would not otherwise have access to as a woman. By leaving the court she leaves behind the pressures of being a noblewoman and is able to express her desire for Orlando, albeit while dressed as a man. That Rosalind must cross-dress in order to express her desires is evidence that the forest can only allow so much freedom: the woman may take control, but only while others believe she is male. Rosalind engages with Orlando in a way that can be seen as homoerotic, creating both the sexual and gender confusion that permeates the forest. Her disguise frees her from womanhood but entraps her in masculinity, meaning she cannot marry Orlando unless she returns to presenting as female. Gender never truly breaks down in the forest, showing how the pastoral space is still linked to societal values that render women subordinate, values that Rosalind plays into when declaring women 'apish, shallow, inconstant.’ (3.2) 'The duke hath put on a religious life And thrown into neglect the pompous court’ Act 5.4 In the final scene of the play Duke Senior vows a return to the court after witnessing the marriages between the lovers, signalling a return to civilisation, heterosexuality and normative gender p


Which chemical element atomic number 45 is named for the Greek for rose?

Rhodium   - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table Chemistry in its element: rhodium (Promo) You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by Chemistry World, the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry. (End promo) Meera Senthilingam This week, an element whose rarity and reluctance to react make it oh so special. Here's Lars Öhrström. Lars Öhrström On an early spring day 21 years ago I walked excitedly down to the campus post office at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm to fetch a small parcel, containing an even smaller plastic bottle, half filled with a purple powder. I respectfully signed for the package and solemnly carried it back with me to the laboratory, as the 50g of rhodium chloride it contained represented more than half a years earnings for a PhD student like me. Thus started my love story with rhodium, and although I have frequently been unfaithful since, to my disgrace with such prosaic metals as zinc and calcium, this transition metal, with atomic number 45, still has a special place in my heart. Rhodium chloride, that sounds much like sodium chloride, but the resemblance is only superficial. First of all, my rhodium atoms were in oxidation state three, thus requiring three chloride ions for every metal ion, and then, of course, there is the royal colour. However, the differences are much more profound as the chemistry of rhodium is much more diverse than that of sodium. Our rhodium chloride was to be used as starting material for new rhodium compounds that we planned to make and study as catalysts - species that make a reaction go faster without being consumed in the process. In these catalysts, rhodium is often in the oxidation state plus one or plus three. It would have been cheaper to buy silver-shiny rhodium metal instead. However, this would have been impractical as this noble platinum-group element is one of the least reactive metals of the periodic table. It reacts only reluctantly with the alchemist's famous aqua regia, the potent mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids that easily dissolves gold. This was however the procedure used by English scientist William Hyde Wollaston when he first isolated rhodium from a sample of platinum ore, smuggled into Britain from present day Colombia, and purchased by Wollaston and his friend and colleague Smithson Tennant on Christmas Eve in the year 1800. This sample yielded not only rose coloured solutions of rhodium chloride, prompting Wollaston to give the new element the name rhodium - from the Greek word for rose - but he could also isolate palladium for the first time. Tennant also discovered the transition metals osmium and iridium in the same sample. While in my research group we were interested in building up organic molecules using rhodium compounds as catalysts, most people come in contact with this metal due to its ability to catalyse the breakdown of molecules in car exhaust fumes. Although 'come into contact' is a bit of an overstatement as the parts of a car that contain rhodium, the catalytic converter, is normally not accessed by the amateur mechanic. However, it is accessible enough on certain car models that theft of these noble metal containing devices, there is also palladium and platinum present, is becoming a problem. This is a reflection of the extreme rareness of these elements, explaining the very high price of the rhodium chloride I bought as a graduate student. They are in fact so rare that annual production is counted in kilos, not tonnes. And yes, the metals from the catalytic converters are recycled, accounting in these days for around 10 per cent of the yearly supply of rhodium, the lion's share of the rest, around 20,000 kilos, coming from mines in South Africa. The specific role of rhodium in catalytic converters is to break down nitrogen oxides, the so-called NOX emissions, to give oxygen and nitrogen gas, the main components of the air we breathe. Chemical industry is, just as my old research group, interested in using rhodium to build molecules. Rhodium was, fo