The traditional biathlon most commonly (for example at the Olympics) consists of which two sports?

Biathlon : definition of Biathlon and synonyms of Biathlon (English) 12 External links   History The sport has its origins in an exercise for Norwegian soldiers , as an alternative training for the military . One of the world's first known ski clubs, the Trysil Rifle and Ski Club, was formed in Norway in 1861 to promote national defense at the local level. Called military patrol , the combination of skiing and shooting was contested at the Olympic Winter Games in 1924 , and then demonstrated in 1928 , 1936 , and 1948 , but did not regain Olympic recognition then, as the small number of competing countries disagreed on the rules (see also Governing body, below). During the mid-1950s, however, biathlon was introduced into the Soviet and Swedish winter sport circuits and was widely enjoyed by the public. This newfound popularity aided the effort of having biathlon gain entry into the Winter Olympics. The first World Championship in biathlon was held in 1958 in Austria, and in 1960 the sport was finally included in the Olympic Games . At Albertville in 1992, women were first allowed in Olympic biathlon. The competitions from 1958 to 1965 used high-power centerfire such as .30-06 Springfield and 7.62x51mm NATO , and so on, before the .22 Long Rifle rimfire cartridge was standardized in 1978. The ammunition was carried in a belt worn around the competitor's waist. The sole event was the men's 20 km individual, encompassing four separate ranges and firing distances of 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 250 m. The target distance was reduced to 150 m with the addition of the relay in 1966. The shooting range was further reduced to 50 m in 1978 with the mechanical targets making their debut at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid .   Governing body In 1948, the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon (UIPMB) was founded, to standardise the rules for biathlon and modern pentathlon . In 1993, the biathlon branch of the UIPMB created the International Biathlon Union (IBU), which officially separated from the UIPMB in 1998. Presidents of the UIPMB/IBU:   Jeremy Teela shoots from the standing position at the 2006 Winter Olympics . The complete rules of biathlon are given in the official IBU rule books. [1]   Basic concepts A biathlon competition consists of a race in which contestants ski around a cross-country trial system, and where the total distance is broken up by either two or four shooting rounds, half in prone position, the other half standing. Depending on the shooting performance, extra distance or time is added to the contestant's total running distance/time. As in most races, the contestant with the shortest total time wins. For each shooting round, the biathlete must hit five targets; each missed target must be "atoned for" in one of three ways, depending on the competition format: by skiing around a 150 metres (490 ft) penalty loop, typically taking 20–30 seconds for top-level biathletes to complete (running time depending on weather/snow conditions), by having one minute added to a skier's total time, or by having to use an "extra cartridge" (placed at the shooting range) to finish off the target; only three such "extras" are available for each round, and a penalty loop must be made for each of the targets left standing. In order to keep track of the contestants' progress and relative standing throughout a race, split times (intermediate times) are taken at several points along the skiing track and upon finishing each shooting round. The large display screens commonly set up at biathlon arenas, as well as the information graphics shown as part of the TV picture, will typically list the split time of the fastest contestant at each intermediate point and the times and time differences to the closest runners-up.   Skiing details All cross-country skiing techniques are permitted in biathlon, which means that the free technique is usually the preferred one, being the fastest. No equipment other than skis and ski poles may be used to move along the track. Minimum ski length is 4 centimetres (1.6 in) less than the heig


The word deltiologist, derived from the Greek 'deltos' meaning writing-tablet, refers to a collector of what?

deltiologist - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus deltiologist from Greek deltion, diminutive of deltos a writing tablet + -logy (Source: Collins Dictionary)  [more] Wikipedia: Deltiology the study and collection of postcards. Professor Randall Rhoades of Ashland, Ohio, coined a word in 1945 that became the accepted description of the study of picture postcards. It took about 20 years for the name to appear in the dictionary the first ...


How many cathedrals are in mainland UK (at early 2000s)?

Fast Facts about American Religion Fast Facts about American Religion Where can I find a dictionary of religion terms ? Q: How many religious congregations are there in the United States? A: There is no official directory for all the congregations in the country, so sociologists of religion have to rely on statistical estimates extrapolated from surveys. These are often disputed, and to complicate matters, thousands of new churches open each year, while thousands of others close. Hartford Institute estimates there are roughly 350,000 religious congregations in the United States. This estimate relies on the RCMS 2010 religious congregations census. Of those, about 314,000 are Protestant and other Christian churches, and 24,000 are Catholic and Orthodox churches.  Non-Christian religious congregations are estimated at about 12,000. Want to know more? Visit the Religious Congregations Membership Study (RCMS) - the 2010 US Religion Census report (PDF format) for more information. An alternative discussion of how to come up with a count of congregations in the U.S. can be found in Kirk Hadaway’s and Penny Marler’s article in the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 44, Number 3, September 2005, pp. 307-322.     Q: What’s the size of U.S. churches? A: The median church in the U.S. has 75 regular participants in worship on Sunday mornings, according to the National Congregations Study (NCS) http://www.soc.duke.edu/natcong/ . Notice that researchers measured the median church size — the point at which half the churches are smaller and half the churches are larger — rather than the average (186 attenders reported by the USCLS survey http://www.uscongregations.org/charact-cong.htm ), which is larger due to the influence of very large churches. But while the United States has a large number of very small churches, most people attend larger churches. The National Congregations Study estimated that the smaller churches draw only 11 percent of those who attend worship. Meanwhile, 50 percent of churchgoers attended the largest 10% of congregations (350 regular participants and up). Want to know more? Check the websites for the National Congregations Study (NCS) at http://www.soc.duke.edu/natcong/ The US Congregational Life Survey (USCLS) website has statistics about congregations by religious traditions at http://www.uscongregations.org/ The Faith Communities Today national study of churches www.faithcommunitiestoday.org 2010 study also contains size and other congregational findings. Approximate Distribution of U.S. Protestant and Other Christian Churches by size *based on NCS study (excluding Catholic/Orthodox)   Q: How many people go to church each Sunday? A: For years, the Gallup Research Organization has come up with a consistent figure — 40 percent of all Americans, or roughly 118 million people, who said they attended worship on the previous weekend. Recently, sociologists of religion have questioned that figure, saying Americans tend to exaggerate how often they attend. By actually counting the number of people who showed up at representative sample of churches, two researchers, Kirk Hadaway and Penny Marler found that only 20.4 percent of the population, or half the Gallup figure, attended church each weekend. As added proof for the accuracy of this smaller percentage of churchgoers, if 20.4% of Americans (approximately 63 million in 2010) attended the nation's 350,000 congregations weekly then the average attendance would be 180 people per congregation which is almost exactly the figure that numerous research studies have found. Want to know more? For an excellent summary of this research, read the May 6, 1998 article by C. Kirk Hadaway and P.L. Marler Did You Really Go To Church This Week: Behind the Poll Data, in The Christian Century, http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=237 . See also an article about their work on the church attendance gap at http://www.hirr.hartsem.edu/about/news_and_notes_ vol4no1.html Q: How many denominational groups are there in th


What instant messaging service was acquired in 2014 for $16bn by Facebook?

WhatsApp goes down just days after $19B Facebook acquisition - NY Daily News WhatsApp goes down for three hours just days after $19B acquisition by Facebook WhatsApp goes down just days after $19B Facebook acquisition WhatsApp's 450 million users found themselves at a loss Saturday, after the service went down for three hours. (Dado Ruvic/Reuters) NEW YORK DAILY NEWS Sunday, February 23, 2014, 10:50 AM It may have been bought for $19 billion earlier this week, but that doesn't mean WhatsApp is immune from problems. The instant messaging service, just bought by Facebook, went down on Saturday, leaving its 450 million users worldwide wondering what was going on - and with no messages to look at . The system was down for some three hours, reports Metro . Users complained that the app just showed the status "Connecting" rather than loading when they went to use it, according to Metro . sorry we currently experiencing server issues. we hope to be back up and recovered shortly. — WhatsApp Status (@wa_status) February 22, 2014 WhatsApp's Twitter page posted on Saturday afternoon that it hoped "to be back up and recovered shortly" Facebook acquired WhatsApp for $16 billion on Feb. 19. (Dado Ruvic/Reuters) But that wasn't time enough to stop Twitter users having fun at WhatsApp's expense. One, mrbrown, posted: "Whatsapp is down. Just after Facebook bought it for US$16bn. I'm glad I got mine for free." #Whatsapp is down. Just after Facebook bought it for US$16bn. I'm glad I got mine for free. Another user, Me, Myself & Wyatt, wrote: "Zuckerberg's to do list: 1) buy whatsapp for $19bn @) Turn it off so people use FB chat". The site came back after several hours.


The main character in the movie The Nightmare Before Christmas is?

The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) PG | Jack Skellington, king of Halloween Town, discovers Christmas Town, but his attempts to bring Christmas to his home cause confusion. Director: Tim Burton (based on: a story and characters by), Michael McDowell (adaptation) | 1 more credit  » Stars: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 24 titles created 02 Oct 2013 a list of 23 titles created 21 Dec 2013 a list of 23 titles created 21 Dec 2014 a list of 36 titles created 01 Dec 2015 a list of 23 titles created 2 months ago Title: The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) 8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Oscar. Another    7 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards  » Videos When a shy groom practices his wedding vows in the inadvertent presence of a deceased young woman, she rises from the grave assuming he has married her. Directors: Tim Burton, Mike Johnson Stars: Johnny Depp, Helena Bonham Carter, Emily Watson An adventurous girl finds another world that is a strangely idealized version of her frustrating home, but it has sinister secrets. Director: Henry Selick Young Victor conducts a science experiment to bring his beloved dog Sparky back to life, only to face unintended, sometimes monstrous, consequences. Director: Tim Burton When a street urchin vies for the love of a beautiful princess, he uses a genie's magic power to make himself off as a prince in order to marry her. Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker Stars: Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin To save her father from death in the army, a young maiden secretly goes in his place and becomes one of China's greatest heroines in the process. Directors: Tony Bancroft, Barry Cook Stars: Ming-Na Wen, Eddie Murphy, BD Wong A mermaid princess makes a Faustian bargain with an unscrupulous sea-witch in order to meet a human prince on land. Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker Stars: Jodi Benson, Rene Auberjonois, Christopher Daniel Barnes A rat who can cook makes an unusual alliance with a young kitchen worker at a famous restaurant. Directors: Brad Bird, Jan Pinkava Stars: Brad Garrett, Lou Romano, Patton Oswalt A family of undercover superheroes, while trying to live the quiet suburban life, are forced into action to save the world. Director: Brad Bird A misfit ant, looking for "warriors" to save his colony from greedy grasshoppers, recruits a group of bugs that turn out to be an inept circus troupe. Directors: John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton Stars: Kevin Spacey, Dave Foley, Julia Louis-Dreyfus The magically long-haired Rapunzel has spent her entire life in a tower, but now that a runaway thief has stumbled upon her, she is about to discover the world for the first time, and who she really is. Directors: Nathan Greno, Byron Howard Stars: Mandy Moore, Zachary Levi, Donna Murphy A young woman whose father has been imprisoned by a terrifying beast offers herself in his place, unaware that her captor is actually a prince, physically altered by a magic spell. Directors: Gary Trousdale, Kirk Wise Stars: Paige O'Hara, Robby Benson, Jesse Corti Directors: John Lasseter, Ash Brannon, and 1 more credit  » Stars: Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Joan Cusack Edit Storyline Jack Skellington, the pumpkin king of Halloween Town, is bored with doing the same thing every year for Halloween. One day he stumbles into Christmas Town, and is so taken with the idea of Christmas that he tries to get the resident bats, ghouls, and goblins of Halloween town to help him put on Christmas instead of Halloween -- but alas, they can't get it quite right. Written by Jon Reeves <jreeves@imdb.com> We're changing the face of 3-D See more  » Genres: Rated PG for some scary images | See all cer


American Linus Pauling, 1954 Nobel Prizewinner, conceived a helical structure fundamental to?

Geometry.Net - Nobel: Pauling Linus Carl          Pauling Linus Carl:     Vitamin C and the Common Cold by Linus Carl Pauling, 1995-06 Architecture of Molecules by Linus Carl Pauling, Roger Hayward, 1970-12-07 pauling, linus carl Nacionalidad Estados  yCrick encontraron en pauling una fuente  en 1954 del Premio nobel de Química   http://www.artehistoria.com/historia/personajes/7805.htm Extractions: Su padre era farmacéutico por lo que desde muy temprano siente inclinación por este ámbito. Tras haber realizado cientos de experimentos con productos químicos, se matricula en el Oregon State Agricultural College y estudia ingeniería química. Al licenciarse le ofrecen un puesto de profesor, que desempeña durante un año, y en 1922 entra en el Instituto de Tecnología de California. En este centro trabaja en una tesis sobre el estudio de la estructura cristalina con el uso de rayos X, para conseguir el doctorado en Físico-química. Más tarde se traslada a Europa, donde continúa sus estudios y en el viejo continente entra en contacto con científicos de la talla de Sommerfeld, Bohr o Schödinger. En 1927 regresa a Oregón y comienza sus estudios sobre física cuántica , al tiempo que se dedica a la docencia. Trabajó en el Instituto de Tecnología de California hasta 1962. En los años treinta se adentró en la estructura espacial de moléculas de los aminoácidos. En 1939 publica "La naturaleza del enlace químico", una obra fundamental para cualquier científico. Watson y Crick encontraron en Pauling una fuente de información de primera mano para llevar a cabo sus proyectos . Sus investigaciones relacionadas con la estructura atómica de las proteínas le hicieron merecedor en 1954 del Premio Nobel de Química. En 1962 fue de nuevo llamado por la Academia Sueca al ser elegido merecedor del Premio Nobel de la Paz por su alerta sobre el peligro de las Since his second nobel Prize, Dr. pauling has researched the chemistry  5. pauling,linus carl , SP Parker, ed., McGrawHill Encyclopedia of Chemistry , Volume   http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/chemistry/institutes/1992/Pauling.html Extractions: A Biography Linus Pauling was born with twin legacies. Although his parents could give him very little in the way of material wealth, they did give him the better gift of great intelligence. His brilliant mind eventually provided him with financial security as well as his greatest happiness. It can also be argued that this gift of intelligence was responsible for the controversy that seemed to surround everything he did and everything he wrote. He made great intuitive leaps and was frequently criticized for the conclusions he drew from what some felt was too little experimentation, often outside of Pauling's area of expertise. When he had graduated with his degree in chemical engineering, his mother again began pressuring him to stop his education and make money, perhaps become a secondary school teacher. Pauling, however, had applied to graduate schools at Harvard, Berkeley and the fairly new California Institute of Technology. His first choice was Berkeley because G.N. Lewis himself was the chair of the chemistry department, but Berkeley was too slow in replying to his application. Harvard didn't really interest him much, so his decision was made in favor of Cal. Tech. One year after begining work at Cal. Tech. he married Ava Helen Miller. In 1931 Pauling was awarded the Langmuir Prize of the American Chemical Society for "the most noteworthy work in pure science done by a man under 30 years of age." In the same year he was offered a joint full professorship in both chemistry and physics at the Massachusetts Institute Of Technology. He seriously considered the offer but he didn't want to have to brave the Massachusetts' winters. He ended up by accepting the position for one year only. In 1933 he was made a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was 32, the youngest appointment to this body ever made. linus carl pauling was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 28  At Caltech paulingalso trained many of  Xray crystallographers, among them, no


What spooky TV series was originally titled 'Too Much', and had a nicknamed character whose fictional 'real name' was Norville Rogers?

Haunted Print Issue 3 by Dead Good Publishing Ltd - issuu issuu Get Your Teeth Into New Vampire Books. exclusive Available from all good bookshops and online EDITORIAL WELCOME TO HAUNTED, a new and vibrant paranormal magazine, packed full of what we like to call “scary goodness”. CONTENTS JUNE/JULY 2010 - ISSUE 3 27 If this is your first time reading HAUNTED, where have you been? This our fourth issue now and we are as busy as ever tweaking things, fine tuning this and altering that all for you, YES we care about you that much. I can’t quite believe that we are now into Summer, it has been that hot that even our dear friend Jim Reaper has been on holiday (as you can tell from the front cover) visiting a few seaside haunts, donning his “kill me quick hat” whilst eating his Ice Scream. Things are changing rapidly at HAUNTED we should let you into a little secret about the magazine but we’re gonna wait a month or two, needless to say it’s a biggie. What a Summer we have in store eh? The World Cup in High Definition, Ghost Stories in the West End, Famous BUT Frightened on the TV and Tracey Barlow back on Coronation Street, our spines are tingling already. What has HAUNTED got planned for you in this spine-tingling issue? Well, lots more of the same excellent features that fall within the eclectic mix of the paranormal umbrella and our regular writers HAZEL FORD, LEE ROBERTS, LESLEY SMITH and JASON KARL are back to titillate you. Now the bad news: we’ve not got a celebrity interview this time (Boo-Hoo!!), WE’VE GOT THREE: (Way-Hay (Had ya fooled there didn’t I?) Andy Nyman (Ghost Stories & Dead Set), Chris Conway (Famous BUT Frightened and ex-Most Haunted) and Joel Moore (Spiral & Avatar) who all have links with the paranormal in their own ways answer our questions. There is also an awesome WICKEDPEDIA feature on the late, great, Harry Price, who is a legend and is still revered amongst many paranormal groups to this day (and rightly so). HAUNTED SEASIDE LOCATIONS EDITORS Albert Nonn (info@hauntedmagazine.co.uk) Paul Stevenson (paul@hauntedmagazine.co.uk) Tel: 01623 511203 DESIGNER Richard Page (richard@roomtwelve.co.uk) www.roomtwelve.co.uk 39 CONTRIBUTORS Libby Clark, Hazel Ford, Juliette Gregson, Jason Karl, Lee Roberts, Lesley Smith, Philip Solomon, Morgan Steele SUBSCRIPTION ENQUIRIES info@hauntedmagazine.co.uk SYNDICATION Paul Stevenson 01623 511203 (paul@hauntedmagazine.co.uk) PUBLISHED BY ANON PUBLICATIONS 6 Peveril Drive, Sutton In Ashfield, Nottinghamshire NG17 2GT anonpublications@hotmail.com PRINTED IN THE UK BY Buxton Press “Printing company of the year” STANDARD SUBSCRIPTION RATES 6 Issues: UK £16, EU £22 Rest of the World: £32 For more info email info@hauntedmagazine.co.uk SO YOU WANT TO WORK...IN SCARE ENTERTAINMENT 59 Visit: www.hauntedmagazine.co.uk For regular news updates, competitions and paranormal info, you can now follow HAUNTED on: TWITTER - @hauntedmagazine FACEBOOK - Join the HAUNTED MAGAZINE Group Page 44 All Lesley Smith images courtesy of Martin Elliott Photography. Copyright © Mepics Photography - www.m-eworld.com WICKEDPEDIA 8 PHILIP SOLOMON PLEASE STOP YOU’RE KILLING ME! I’m a medium, that’s what it says in my underpants. Haunted dedicates a page to the lighter side of the Paranormal “READ ALL ABARRRT IT!!” Catch up with the latest Paranormal news in the UK 10 WHERE ARE THEY BURIED? Haunted seeks out the final resting places of much loved and dearly departed well-known celebrities and not so well-known famous people Front cover designed by Mychailo Kazybrid CHARACTER CREATION Comic book art, strip cartoons, storyboard & promotional artwork 23 “LEGGI TUTTE LE INFORMAZIONI” Catch up with the latest Paranormal news from all over the world 39 SO YOU WANT TO WORK... Dead good Careers advice, not for the faint hearted 82 PARANORMAL TV FLASHBACK If your mansion house needs haunting just call RENTAGHOST 87 LIBBY’S LAST RITES Libby Clark, our resident Medium shares her thoughts and muses about love, life, anything and everything JUNE/JULY 2010 HAUNTED MAGAZINE 5 DEAD FUNNY Got any good Paranormal relat


The fictional character Norville Rogers is better known by the nickname?

Real names of 23 fictional characters - CNN.com Real names of 23 fictional characters By Jason English, Mental Floss "Mr. Clean" got a first name during a 1962 promotion. STORY HIGHLIGHTS Many famous fictional characters are known only as their nicknames Cap'n Crunch's full name is Captain Horatio Magellan Crunch Wizard of Oz: Oscar Zoroaster Phadrig Isaac Norman Henkel Emmannuel Ambroise Diggs On Entourage, Turtle's real name is Salvatore Assante ( Mental Floss ) -- You know the characters, but you might not know their full names. Store these away for future trivia nights. 1. Did you know the Comic Book Guy on "The Simpsons" has a name? It's Jeff Albertson. But that wasn't the decision of creator Matt Groening. "I was out of the room when [the writers] named him," he told MTV in 2007. "In my mind, 'Louis Lane' was his name, and he was obsessed and tormented by Lois Lane." 2. Barbie's full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts. (Ken's last name is Carson.) 3. Cap'n Crunch's full name is Captain Horatio Magellan Crunch. His ship is the S.S. Guppy. 4. In the Peanuts comic strip, Peppermint Patty's real name is Patricia Reichardt 5. Snuffleupagus has a first name -- Aloysius. Want more Snuffleupagus trivia? In a Sesame Street scene that never aired, Snuffy's parents announced they were separating. But in testing, children were too devastated by the news, so the idea was scrapped. Mental Floss: 9 Muppets kicked off Sesame Street 6. The Wizard of Oz rolls off the tongue a lot easier than the man behind the curtain's full name, Oscar Zoroaster Phadrig Isaac Norman Henkel Emmannuel Ambroise Diggs. From Frank Baum's Dorothy And the Wizard in Oz: "It was a dreadfully long name to weigh down a poor innocent child, and one of the hardest lessons I ever learned was to remember my own name. When I grew up I just called myself O.Z., because the other initials were P-I-N-H-E-A-D; and that spelled 'pinhead,' which was a reflection on my intelligence." 7. Mr. Clean has a seldom-used first name -- "Veritably." The name came from a "Give Mr. Clean a First Name" promotion in 1962. 8. In a deleted scene in the 2006 Curious George movie, The Man With the Yellow Hat's full name was revealed as Ted Shackleford. (Since the scene was deleted, perhaps the last name doesn't count.) 9. The real name of Monopoly mascot Rich Uncle Pennybags is Milburn Pennybags. 10. The policeman in Monopoly has a name, too. You can thank Officer Edgar Mallory the next time he sends you to jail. 11. On Night Court, Nostradamus Shannon was better known as Bull. 12. On Entourage, Turtle's real name is Salvatore Assante. 13. Sesame Street's resident game show host Guy Smiley was using a pseudonym all these years. He was born Bernie Liederkrantz. 14. The Michelin Man's name is Bibendum. 15. On Gilligan's Island, Jonas Grumby was simply called The Skipper. 16. The Professor was Roy Hinkley. Stories behind graduation traditions 17. The unkempt Shaggy of Scooby-Doo fame has a rather proper real name -- Norville Rogers. 18. The Pillsbury Doughboy's name is Poppin' Fresh. He has a wife, Poppie Fresh, and two kids, Popper and Bun Bun. 19. The patient in the classic game Operation is Cavity Sam. 20. The true identity of The Lone Ranger was John Reid. 21. MacGyver's first name? Angus. 22 & 23. OK, these last two aren't fictional, but just in case it comes up, Bono was born Paul David Hewson, and The Edge's name is David Howell Evans. For more mental_floss articles, visit mentalfloss.com Entire contents of this article copyright, Mental Floss LLC. All rights reserved. Share this on:


What were Victorian English postmen called because of their uniforms?

Facts about Christmas for Kids Woodlands Junior School is in the south-east corner of England Facts about Father Christmas Father Christmas has two addresses, Edinburgh and the North Pole. Letters addressed to 'TOYLAND' or 'SNOWLAND' go to Edinburgh, but letters addressed to 'THE NORTH POLE' have to be sent there because there really is such a place! What are the names of Santa's reindeer? Father Christmas' reindeers are called Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner/Donder, Blitzen, and Rudolph. Eight of these names are taken from Clement C. Moore's "A Visit From St. Nicholas," and the ninth from the song "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" (NB. Donder is also known as Donner.) White Christmas England has only known seven white Christmases in the entire twentieth century. According to the records of the Meteorological Office in London, snow fell on Christmas Day only in 1938 and 1976. (The definition of a white Christmas in England is when one snowflake falls on the roof of the London Weather Centre in the 24 hours of 25 December.) The last time we had a White Christmas with snow falling across the UK was 2004, although large parts of the southeast England missed significant falls. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are more likely to have a white Christmas than England. Facts about Christmas Food An old wives' tale says that bread baked on Christmas Eve will never go mouldy.© copyright of projectbritain.com The Christmas turkey was imported to France by the Jesuits and it is still known in some French dialects as a 'Jesuite'. Christmas Turkey Christmas pudding was first made as a kind of thick soup with raisins and wine in it. Christmas Pudding Christmas pudding originates from an old, Celtic dish known as 'frumenty'. In the 19th century, the Christmas Cake was eaten on Christmas Eve. It was consider unlucky to cut a Christmas cake before dawn on Christmas Eve. It is considered unlucky to cut a mince pie with a knife. Mince pies should only be eaten between Christmas Eve and Twelfth Night and one should be eaten on every day of the twelve days of Christmas to bring good luck. Facts about Christmas Day 25th December was not celebrated as the birthday of Christ until the year AD 440. © copyright of projectbritain.com The Queen's Christmas speech was televised for the first time in 1957. Christmas crackers were invented by Thomas Smith. He had imported some French novelties to sell as Christmas gifts, but these were not popular until he wrapped them up and added a snapper. © copyright of projectbritain.com Christmas crackers Facts about Christmas Decorations Each year between 34-36 million Christmas trees are produced to cope with the holiday demand.© copyright of projectbritain.com Electric tree lights were first used just 3 years after Thomas Edison has his first mass public demonstration of electric lights back in 1879. Thomas Edison’s assistant, Edward Johnson, came up with the idea of electric lights for Christmas trees in 1882. His lights were a huge hit. It took quite a few years, however, before they would be made available to the general public.© copyright of projectbritain.com In 1895 Ralph Morris, an American telephonist, invented the string of electric Christmas lights similar to the ones we use today. The actual strings of lights had already been manufactured for use in telephone switchboards. Morris looked at the tiny bulbs and had the idea of using them on his tree. Christmas Banned In 1647, the English parliament passed a law that made Christmas illegal. Christmas festivities were banned by Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell, who considered feasting and revelry on what was supposed to be a holy day to be immoral. Anybody caught celebrating Christmas was arrested. The ban was lifted only when the Puritans lost power in 1660. © copyright of projectbritain.com Facts about Christmas Cards and Christmas Post In 1843, the first Christmas card was created on the instructions of an Englishman, Sir Henry Cole. J.C. Horsley designed the card and sold 1000 copies in London. Postmen in Victorian England were


In human childbirth cervical dilation is considered complete at how many centimetres?

Is Cervix Dilation an Early Sign of Labor? Main Menu Is Cervix Dilation an Early Sign of Labor? Ultimately, cervix dilation is necessary for labor to progress. If the cervix doesn't open, then the baby can't be born vaginally. But is cervical dilation necessarily an early sign of labor? Not necessarily. A woman can remain 4cm dilated for weeks before true labor begins or can go from no dilation to natural childbirth within a few short hours. The degree of cervical dilation prior to the onset of labor is not a reliable indicator of when true labor will begin. Women can dilate several centimeters weeks early, contemplating the arrival of a preterm baby, and then remain at that same degree of dilation for weeks or go from zero dilation to having a baby in mere minutes. The following cervical dilation chart illustrates the diameter of the cervix as it opens from 1 to 10cms. 1cm roughly equates with a Cheerio, 3 cm with a slice of banana, 4cm with a Ritz Cracker, 7cm with the top of a soda can, and 10cm with a bagel. As cervix dilation itself is not a reliable predictor of when labor will begin, knowing the degree of cervical dilation in advance of active labor is of little benefit. It also carries unnecessary risks, the first of which is introducing infection. It also increases the risk of starting preterm labor. Internal exams are not recommended for the above reasons until after 41 weeks when potentially facing a postdate induction. Then, cervical dilation can provide valuable information on whether induction is likely to be successful at that point.


Numerology refers to what aspect of numbers?

Number 7 Numerology – Maria, Online Numerologist – Meaning & Definition Number Seven Number 7, symbolic number   Every day, we come across the number seven. We even sometimes don't realize it but it is part of our everyday life: the 7 days of the week or the 7 colors of the rainbow.   This number is also a particularly strong symbol. In many cultures, it is considered beneficial and protective. Its mystical aspect opened the door to many beliefs and superstitions. Often considered a sacred number, the number 7 bears within it something spiritual, eternal.   Number Seven in numerology   The study of numbers is a pretty complex field. We've already had the opportunity to broach the subject in an article dedicated to it , in which the meaning of the number 7 appears. In numerolog y , this number is a sacred one that refers to wisdom.   Number 7 in astrology   In the universe of the stars, the number 7 has a preponderant place too. Indeed, it corresponds to the number of planets and to the metals that are commonly linked to them, namely: Mars and iron Number 7 in religious beliefs   This mystical number can be found in many sacred books such as the Bible, the Torah or the Kabbalah. Here are a few examples: The 7 capital sins and the 7 catholic Sacraments The 7 days resulting in the Creation of the World mentioned in the Bible The 7 chakras in Hinduism That is why the number seven is also associated with divine perfection.   Number seven as civilizations progressed   As far back as Ancient Egypt, many – notably religious – edifices were built respecting the proportions linked to the following numbers: Number 3: symbol of equilibrium and trinity, which confers on it a spiritual and even divine character. Number 4: symbol of the material and terrestrial world. Number 7, which is the result of the sum of the other two numbers, finds a place between the two worlds, the world of life and the world of death. It refers to completeness and the aspect of things well done. In parallel, this number brings to mind the 7 Wonders of the World, among which are found: This number is part of our imaginary world, notably due to its magical side. Several tales refer to the famous number 7, like Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, or the Seven-League Boots in Tom Thumb.   Superstition of the number 7   Fascination is often close to superstition. Consequently, the number 7 is linked to many beliefs. For instance, breaking a mirror predicts 7 years of bad luck. But, most of the time, the number 7 is seen as a positive sign in superstitions.   Some consider it a lucky-charm number , one they play at the lottery as a lucky number . By the way, don’t we talk about “Seventh Heaven” when we experience great joy and satisfaction?   The number Seven can also be found in many magical rituals due to its beneficial charge.   Seeing the number 7 everywhere   If you see it in a dream or a vision, this is the sign of success, even of triumph. You can consider that your free will is operating and that it is time for you to forge ahead, and “ascend” to perfection through knowledge and wisdom.   Indeed, the number 7 represents spiritual maturity acquired after a learning cycle. It is also the constructive and continuous development of your personality. Therefore, on the spiritual level, it is as beneficial as the number five.


The long-standing currency of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania (at early 2000s) is the?

Relentless Inflation: The Scourge Returns - African Development Bank Relentless Inflation: The Scourge Returns Relentless Inflation: The Scourge Returns Share | In the 1970s and 80s most African countries suffered from scourges of high inflation. During the period between the mid-1990s and the early 2000s, inflation was brought under control thanks to better macroeconomic management. However, recently the specter of hyperinflation is back. In particular, inflation rates in East African countries such as Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia almost doubled or tripled over the past year. Inflation rates (%) in selected African countries   Source : Central Banks and National Statistical Offices Ethiopia: Inflation in Ethiopia reached a record 40.6% in August year-on-year compared to 38.1% and 39.2% in June and July. Several factors explain acceleration in inflation. The most important ones include large domestic borrowing to finance public projects, drought and rise in imports of heavy duty items. Uganda: In a statement released on September 30, the Ugandan Bureau of Statistics noted that inflation grew to 28.3% in September (year-on-year) compared to 21.4% in August. The cost of food is 50.4% higher in September 2011 compared to a year earlier. These levels are said to be the highest in more than 18 years. The rise in core inflation is partly attributed to the growth in the energy imports bill, while additional factors fueling inflation included volatility in the exchange rate market and a falling Shilling. Kenya: The Kenyan Bureau of Statistics announced on September 29 that inflation grew to 17.6% in September (year-on-year) from 16.7% in August. The latest figure brings the tally to an 11 consecutive month rise in inflation. Apart from food supply shortfalls, the fall in the Kenyan Shilling has contributed to a rising import bill. Rwanda: The country enjoyed low level of inflation during 2010 due to increases in domestic food supply. However, in 2011 drought related food shortages in the East African region and rising fuel prices have led to higher price of imports. Additionally, lax monetary policy including lower borrowing cost has contributed to increased private sector credit and the resurgence of inflation. Tanzania: Inflation rate in Tanzania is rising largely due to supply factors. Sporadic rainfall at the end of 2010 contributed to poor harvests countrywide and disrupted the domestic electricity generation, thereby triggering the escalation of inflation. Inflation grew every month in 2011 and stood at 14.1% in August, year on year. Nigeria: Inflation in Nigeria has been high in the low double digits since 2008 mainly due to high food prices and government spending. The inflation rate declined to single digit at 9.4% in July 2011 thanks to tightening monetary policy and reduced government spending. What are the main causes? Imported Inflation Continuing increases in energy prices have put pressure on fuel prices. Furthermore, shrinking global inventories of grains since 2003 and natural disasters including flooding and droughts have put additional pressure on food prices. These price shocks have led to higher inflation and the deterioration of current account deficits in countries that rely on food and fuels imports. A soaring import bill has led to new trade imbalances, higher fiscal deficits, imported inflation and other macroeconomic imbalances. Weakened Macroeconomic Management Other than the generally accepted causes such as the hike in food and fuel prices, inflationary financing of budget deficits and exchange rate depreciation may interact to produce an inflation spiral. Efforts made by the central bank to finance fiscal deficits through easing monetary policy may raise prices and erode foreign reserves, thereby leading to currency depreciation. This is the case for countries where the central bank has limited access to borrowing in the international capital markets. In spite of the rally in inflation, monetary policy remains accommodative in most countries in Africa. Structural factors Sustained economic growth and


Dragonflies have the sharpest vision of any insect, each compound eye having how many lenses?

Insect Vision Insect Vision The pictures above illustrate three basic models of the compound eye. Adult insects have one pair of compound eyes. As the name suggests, the compound eye is made up of a series of 'eyes' compounded together - that is they have many lenses. Each lens is part of a prismatic unit called an ommatidium (plural ommatidia). Each ommatidium appears on the surface as a single polygon or dome, called a facet. The models above each show 60 such facets from 60 ommatidia arranged in 6 rows of ten. The facets may be hexagonal (6-sided), squarish, circular or hemispherical. Hexagonal packing covers the surface of the eye with the highest number of facets. However, eyes with hexagonal facets will have also have some pentagonal (5-sided) or quadrilateral (4-sided) facets since hexagons cannot completely pack a spherical surface without leaving gaps, whilst a combination of hexagons and pentagons can. If you were to use a Zales promo code to get a large, expertly cut loose diamond, you would see similar geometric shapes cut into the gemstone and it would give you a little bit of an idea of what an ommatidium would look like. These geometries are important, because to some extent each ommatidium and its corresponding facet behave as a single optical unit, and the more such units that fit into a given area the more resolution (detail) the eye can see. The more ommatidia that add to the image, the more points or 'pixels' that go to make up the final image. In vertebrates, like humans, the arrangement is quite different - a single 'facet' and a single lens covers a retina of many sensory cells, where each sensory cell contributes one point or 'pixel' to the final image, so the retinal sensory cells are the optical units as far as resolution of the final image is concerned. In insects, however, each facet encloses one ommatidium containing just 7 to 11 sensory cells. In the human retina, in its most sensitive region (known as the fovea) some 175 000 sensory cells per square millimetre are packed into an hexagonal array. In the insect, the compound eye contains anything from about half a dozen ommatidia to 30 000 or more. For example, the wingless silverfish have only a few ommatidia, or none at all, whilst the dragonfly has about 30 000 ommatidia in each compound eye. Dragonflies catch prey on the wing and so they need better visual resolution, which is why they have such large compound eyes and so many ommatidia. Often the density of the facets is greatest in certain parts of the eye - those parts that are most often used for more accurate vision. Similarly, in humans, the density of sensory cells in the retina declines away from the central fovea toward the edges of the visual field, which is why the edge of your visual field is so fuzzy. For the same reason, one can often sex flies by the size of their compound eyes - male flies have larger eyes that almost meet in the middle of the face, since they need keener vision to help them spot females! Insect eyes are one of the most prominent features of many insect heads and they vary tremendously in colour, whether an insect is camouflaged or coloured to advertise itself as unpleasant to potential predators or as attractive to potential mates, the colour and pattern of the eyes is very important! Above: left, a single ommatidium from a compound eye. Right, the outer cells have been sectioned to show the internal optic apparatus. A labelled version of this diagram is shown below: Structure of a single ommatidium This type of ommatidium is from a type of compound eye called an apposition eye and is characteristic of diurnal (day-active) insects. Nocturnal insects have a modification to this plan, called the superposition eye, which reduces spatial resolution but increases sensitivity to dim light. We will look at these differences in more detail later. Notice that light enters this ommatidium from above, through the corneal facet. The cornea and crystalline cone together focus the light onto the rhabdom. This dual lens system forms the light-focusing or dioptric appara


Human urine passes from each kidney via the ureter to (What?) next?

Human Physiology/The Urinary System - Wikibooks, open books for an open world Human Physiology/The Urinary System This is the latest reviewed version , checked on 6 September 2014. (+)  Quality: minimal   12 References Introduction The Urinary System is a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. The substances are filtered out from the body in the form of urine. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra. Urine is used to extract excess minerals or vitamins as well as blood corpuscles from the body. The Urinary organs include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The Urinary system works with the other systems of the body to help maintain homeostasis. The kidneys are the main organs of homeostasis because they maintain the acid base balance and the water salt balance of the blood. Functions of the Urinary System One of the major functions of the Urinary system is the process of excretion. Excretion is the process of eliminating, from an organism, waste products of metabolism and other materials that are of no use. The urinary system maintains an appropriate fluid volume by regulating the amount of water that is excreted in the urine. Other aspects of its function include regulating the concentrations of various electrolytes in the body fluids and maintaining normal pH of the blood. Several body organs carry out excretion, but the kidneys are the most important excretory organ. The primary function of the kidneys is to maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) for optimal cell and tissue metabolism. They do this by separating urea, mineral salts, toxins, and other waste products from the blood. They also do the job of conserving water, salts, and electrolytes. At least one kidney must function properly for life to be maintained. Six important roles of the kidneys are: Regulation of plasma ionic composition. Ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphates are regulated by the amount that the kidney excretes. Regulation of plasma osmolarity. The kidneys regulate osmolarity because they have direct control over how many ions and how much water a person excretes. Regulation of plasma volume. Your kidneys are so important they even have an effect on your blood pressure. The kidneys control plasma volume by controlling how much water a person excretes. The plasma volume has a direct effect on the total blood volume, which has a direct effect on your blood pressure. Salt(NaCl)will cause osmosis to happen; the diffusion of water into the blood. Regulation of plasma hydrogen ion concentration (pH). The kidneys partner up with the lungs and they together control the pH. The kidneys have a major role because they control the amount of bicarbonate excreted or held onto. The kidneys help maintain the blood Ph mainly by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions as needed. Removal of metabolic waste products and foreign substances from the plasma. One of the most important things the kidneys excrete is nitrogenous waste. As the liver breaks down amino acids it also releases ammonia. The liver then quickly combines that ammonia with carbon dioxide, creating urea which is the primary nitrogenous end product of metabolism in humans. The liver turns the ammonia into urea because it is much less toxic. We can also excrete some ammonia, creatinine and uric acid. The creatinine comes from the metabolic breakdown of creatine phospate (a high-energy phosphate in muscles). Uric acid comes from the break down of nucleotides. Uric acid is insoluble and too much uric acid in the blood will build up and form crystals that can collect in the joints and cause gout. Secretion of Hormones The endocrine system has assistance from the kidney's when releasing hormones. Renin is released by the kidneys. Renin leads to the secretion of aldosterone which is released from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone promotes the kidneys to reabsorb the sodium (Na+) ions. Th


In the USA a reindeer is also known as a?

"Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), also known as caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, Subarctic, tundra." Stock footage and royalty-free videos on Fotolia.com - Vid 117337779 See all keywords Search The video clip "Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), also known as caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, Subarctic, tundra." from BestPhotoStudio is available on Fotolia under a royalty-free license from 12 credits (Credit from $0.74). This video footage may be downloaded for all kinds of professional uses and in different resolutions (up to 1,920 x 1,080 pixels). To download this video file, you can buy Fotolia credits . Licenses Standard license With the Standard License, images can be used for any illustrative purpose in any type of media. Examples: websites, web banners, newsletters, PDF documents, blogs, emails, slide shows, TV and video presentations, cell phones, splash screens, movies, magazine articles, books, advertising, brochures, document illustrations, booklets, billboards, business cards, packaging, etc. Extended license The Extended License gives you all the rights granted by the Standard License, but also the ability to print our creative files more than 500,000 times and allows you to use them on your own products. An Extended License lets you create derivative products or services intended for resale or distribution. Examples: postcards, calendars, posters, t-shirts, print & presentations templates, video clips intended for resale, video applications, and any project where the Fotolia file lends primary value to the product intended for resale or distribution. Standard license


Raising Broiler Chickens - Homesteading and Livestock - MOTHER EARTH NEWS Print Email Raising broiler chickens can put meat on your table quicker and with less effort than raising any other livestock. In just a handful of weeks, your chicks will reach target weight and your larder can be stocked with meat that's tastier and better for you than anything you could buy at the grocery store. Plus, raising meat chickens lets you opt out of the profoundly inhumane industrial food-production system. The choice between hybrid or heritage breeds, confinement or free range, and conventional or organic feed are entirely up to you. Best Broiler Breeds Growing broilers — young chickens with pliable skin and tender meat — involves making several choices. Your first decision is whether to raise hybrid or heritage poultry breeds. The fundamental differences are the amount of time they need to grow and the flavor of the meat. The quicker your birds reach the target weight of about 6 pounds, the cheaper they are to raise overall and the more delicate the meat. The longer they take, the more they'll cost you (as is the case with heritage breeds), but the meat will be healthier and more flavorful. White hybrids. The most efficient hybrid broiler chickens are an industrial creation developed by combining White Cornish and White Plymouth Rock genetics. The resulting hybrids — the type most commonly sold at the supermarket — grow and feather rapidly. Chicks of the same age and sex grow at the same rate and efficiently convert feed into meat, reaching target weight in just six to seven weeks. Their edible portion (excluding excess fat, intestines, feathers, heads, feet and blood) is approximately 75 percent of live weight. Under careful management these broad-breasted hybrid broiler chickens will consume approximately 2 pounds of feed for every pound of weight gained. Unless they're raised on range, hybrid chickens must be butchered as soon as they reach target weight, or they will develop bone ailments or die of heart failure as a result of their excessively rapid growth. White Cornish hybrids have fewer feathers to pluck and no underlying hair-like feather to singe off, making them easier and faster to clean than other broiler chickens. I like roasting them with the skin intact. When I raise other broiler breeds, I skin them because it's faster than plucking the feathers off. However, you can choose to pluck your birds regardless of breed. Colored hybrids. These broilers were developed for France’s famous Label Rouge organic free-range chickens and adopted by some producers in the United States. Trade names include Black Broiler, Color Yield, Colored Range, Freedom Ranger, Kosher King, Redbro, Red Broiler, Red Meat Maker, Rosambro and Silver Cross. Most strains have red plumage, but they also come in black, gray or barred — anything but white. Their colored feathers make them less visible to predators, especially hawks, but difficult to pluck cleanly so that the bare skin appears neat. (See  Wrong About Freedom Rangers to learn more about colored hybrids.) Colored hybrid broiler chickens are usually raised on pasture and grow more slowly than white hybrids — they take at least 11 weeks to reach target weight, and the chicks don’t necessarily grow at a uniform rate. They eat about 3 pounds of feed per pound of weight gained because of their longer growth period and the calories they burn while foraging. Some people find the meat of colored hybrids to be more flavorful than that of faster-growing white hybrids. The edible meat is approximately 70 percent of live weight. Heritage poultry breeds. If you keep heritage chickens for eggs, you have the option of hatching eggs from your own flock, keeping the pullets as future layers and raising the surplus cockerels for meat. Delaware, New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock and Wyandotte are heritage poultry breeds with great potential as dual-purpose egg and meat chickens. All of these breeds are good foragers and have a moderate to slow growth rate, reaching target weight in about 16 weeks. Compared with Cor


The brunch dish of poached eggs, muffins, bacon/ham and hollandaise sauce, popularized in New York City is 'Eggs...?

Smoked Salmon Eggs Benedict Recipe | Just A Pinch Recipes Step-By-Step 1First, make the Hollandaise sauce. Combine egg yolks, lemon juice, cayenne and salt in a blender until pale yellow in color, about 30 to 60 seconds. With the blender still running, add the butter in a slow stream until emulsified and forms a smooth and slightly thick sauce. Set aside until ready to assemble the Eggs Benedict. 2Next, poach the eggs. Bring a large pan of water to a boil and add the vinegar. Lower the heat so that the water is at a gentle simmer (not a hard, rolling boil). Crack eggs into small ramekins or measuring cups, if desired, being sure to not break the yolk. Stir the water so you have a slight whirlpool, then slide eggs into the simmering water, one by one. Cook each egg for about 4 minutes, then with a slotted spoon lift eggs out of the pan and let excess water drain back into pan; set eggs aside until all are poached. 3Last, assemble the Eggs Benedict. Place a slice of smoked salmon on each toasted English Muffin half. Top with a few slices of avocado, then place a poached egg over avocado slices. Drizzle Hollandaise Sauce over each egg. Garnish with fresh chopped chives, if desired. Serve immediately.


The 2015 Star Wars sequel is subtitled 'The Force...' ?

Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens (2015) HDTS Subtitle Indonesia | Download Film 2016 2017 Terbaru Streaming Subtitle Indonesia Download Film 2016 2017 Terbaru Streaming Subtitle Indonesia Comments Download Film Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens (2015) HDTS Subtitle Indonesia – Free Download Star Wars: Episode VII Full Movie Sub English, Star Wars 7 HDCAM BluRay DVDScr DVDRip HDCam Ganool Downloadfilmbaru iCinema3satu Indomovie Sinema-21, Web-DL Web-Rip HDRip from ganooldownload.com Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens (2015) HDTS Subtitle Indonesia Sinopsis Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens (2015) – Film ini merupakan sequel ke 7 Star wars, yang diberi judul The Force Awakens. Di beberapa negara Asia seperti malaysia, Singapura telah mendapat jadwal rilis kapan film ini akan diputar di bioskop. Meskipun demikian, untuk Indonesia sendiri masih belum jelas kapan akan bisa di tonton di bioskop. Film ini bercerita 30 tahun setelah film ketiga (Episode VI), Return of the Jedi. Kekaisaran telah berubah menjadi sebuah junta militer yang dikenal sebagai The First Order, sedangkan pilot X-Wing seperti Poe Dameron (Oscar Isaac) kini mengudara untuk kelompok pecahan yang dikenal sebagai Resistance. Princess Leia telah memiliki lightsaber yang pernah dimiliki oleh ayahnya, Darth Vader, dan sempat dihilangkan oleh Luke ketika Darth Vader memotong lengannya selama duel di kisah The Empire Strikes Back. Video Trailer Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens (2015) Sinopsis Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015) Genre : Aksi, Petualangan, Fantasi


Blood Types Chart | Blood Group Information | American Red Cross Printable Version Blood Types Although all blood is made of the same basic elements, not all blood is alike. In fact, there are eight different common blood types, which are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens – substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. Since some antigens can trigger a patient's immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching. The ABO Blood Group System There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens – A and B – on the surface of red blood cells: Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma) Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma) Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma) Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma) There are very specific ways in which blood types must be matched for a safe transfusion. See the chart below:      In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent ( – ). In general, Rh negative blood is given to Rh-negative patients, and Rh positive blood or Rh negative blood may be given to Rh positive patients. The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood type. The universal plasma donor has Type AB blood type. Blood Types and the Population O positive is the most common blood type. Not all ethnic groups have the same mix of these blood types. Hispanic people, for example, have a relatively high number of O’s, while Asian people have a relatively high number of B’s. The mix of the different blood types in the U.S. population is:


Fish are typically referred to as being (What?)-blooded?

Arizona Game & Fish Department - Fishing Fishing Fishing Glossary     A.C. Plug – A brand name of a large trout-imitating, jointed topwater lure made of wood. acidity – The degree of sourness of a usually water soluble substance. Acidity is measured in pH, with 7 being neutral and 2 being a strong acid. action – Measure of rod performance ranging from slow to fast and describes the elapse time from when the rod is flexed to when it returns to its straight configuration. Also refers to the strength of the rod, light, medium and heavy, with light being a limber rod and heavy a stout rod. active fish – Fish that are feeding heavily and striking aggressively. adipose fin – On some species, the fatty fin located between the dorsal and tail fin. air bladder – A gas-filled sac in the upper part of the body cavity of many bony fishes. It is located just beneath the vertebral column; its principal function is to offset the weight of the heavier tissue such as bone. algae – Simple plant organism (typically a single cell) commonly found in water. alkalinity – Measure of the amount of acid neutralizing bases. amur – A member of the carp family found in China’s Amur River. Commonly called a white amur or grass carp. These fish are highly effective weed eaters and are stocked to control nuisance weeds and algae. They can weigh up to 47 pounds. anal fin – The unpaired fin that lies along the midline of the body beneath the anus, usually on the back half of the fish. anchovy or anchovies – A species of  4- to 8-inch baitfish found in the ocean that is also a popular bait used for striped bass at places like Lake Powell, Lake Mead, Lake Mohave and Lake Pleasant but can be used for catfish as well. angler – Person using a fishing pole or rod and reel to catch fish. angleworm – Any live earthworm placed on a fishing hook. angling – Usually refers to the recreational catching of fish (sport-fishing) by hook and line. anti-reverse – System that prevents reels (typically bait casters) from spinning in reverse and causing tangles. Apache trout – One of Arizona’s two native trout species. Body color is yellowish-gold, with dark, bold spots on dorsal and tail fin, and sparse body spotting that may extend below the lateral line. Purebred Apache trout are only found in the White Mountains of east-central Arizona. Although they are listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act, it is legal to fish for them in certain prescribed waters. artificial lures and flies – Means man-made devices intended as visual attractants for fish and does not include living or dead organisms or edible parts thereof, natural or prepared food stuffs, artificial salmon eggs, artificial corn, or artificial marshmallows. attractant – Liquid, solid or power form of scent applied to fishing lures for increased productivity. back to top back cast (n.) or back-cast (v.) – Part of the cast in which the fishing rod (usually a fly rod) and the fishing line is moved from a position in front to one in back of the angler. There can be successive back casts as line is played out to increase the distance and accuracy of the cast. backing – Any type of line used to partially fill a reel before the main fishing line is added; commonly used in fly-fishing or by bass anglers who use many of the newer thread-like or polymer lines. backlash – An overrun of a revolving-spool reel, such as a bait-cast reel, which in turn causes the line to billow off the reel and tangle. back-trolling – A method of boat control utilizing a motor to make a series of maneuvers in the presentation of a lure or bait. The most common back-troll method is using a front-mounted trolling motor to make the boat go backwards, while dragging or trolling the lure in front of the boat. Many back-troll methods, such as fishing for suspended crappies in winter or summer, involve a slow stop-and-go technique. back-wash – Rough water resulting from boat wakes rebounding off fixed objects such as canyon walls, docks or anchored boats. backwater – Shallow area of a river that is sometimes isolated, often being


A rock containing a mineral that can be viably extracted for use is called an?

Ore minerals   Short Courses   IMPORTANT ORE MINERALS     Most elements need to be concentrated into amounts that can be economically mined from ore deposits (usually hundreds to thousands of times their crustal abundance). This concentration is usually accomplished by dissolution of the element by hot water (hydrothermal ore deposits - gold, silver, lead), preferential crystallization from magmas (chromite deposits or pegmatites), surface weathering and leaching (aluminum, nickel, copper), or gravity separation of minerals during erosion (gold, diamonds, titanium). In the majority of cases there are only one or two minerals that provide all of a particular element for commercial uses. Some elements in low concentrations (substituting in minor amounts for the major elements) are associated with minerals that are mined for other elements, but the shear volumes of materials that are processed result in a valuable byproduct (i e. elements associated with copper, lead, and zinc ores). Some elements are so valuable that almost any mineral containing that element in sufficient grades can be mined (gold, silver, platinum group). ELEMENTS Aluminum - The ore is mined from rocks that have been exposed to weathering in a tropical environment, bauxite. The main ore minerals in bauxite are gibbsite, bohmeite, and diaspore. Antimony - The primary ore of antimony is it's sulfide, stibnite. Arsenic - Recovered from other metal processing streams (primarily from the sulfosalts such as tennantite etc.). Arsenopyrite is the most common arsenic mineral. The relatively low demand for arsenic as compared to the amount of arsenic mined that is associated with other metals means it can be supplied from the waste streams of other ore processing. Barium - The chief source of barium is barite with minor production of witherite. Beryllium - The major ore mineral for beryllium in the U.S. is bertrandite while worldwide the major source is from pegmatites that contain beryl. Bismuth - Primarily a byproduct of lead processing. Also found in a number of minerals such as bismuthinite and as a constituent in various sulfosalts. Boron - Chief source is playa lake deposits of borax, colemanite, kernite, ulexite. Bromine - Chief sources are brines from wells and Dead Sea. Cadmium - Unlike many other commodities cadmium is produced as a byproduct of zinc (sphalerite) mining. Cesium - The major ore mineral is pollucite, a pegmatite mineral. Production and use of this metal is extremely small (a few thousand kilograms per year). Chlorine - Produced from the mineral halite (rock salt). Chromium - The chief source is the mineral chromite which is found in large layered intrusives and serpentine bodies. Cobalt - The primary minerals for cobalt is cobaltite. Some cobalt is also produced from weathered tropical orebodies. Columbium (see Niobium) Copper - Most copper ore bodies are mined from minerals created by weathering of the primary copper ore mineral chalcopyrite. Minerals in the enriched zone include chalcocite, bornite, djurleite. Minerals in the oxidized zones include malachite, azurite, chyrsocolla, cuprite, tenorite, native copper and brochantite. Gallium - A byproduct of zinc and alumina processing. Some primary "ore" may contain up to 200 ppm. Ga. Germanium - A byproduct of zinc ore processing. Also a deposit in China is associated with coal. Gold - The primary mineral of gold is the native metal and electrum (a gold-silver alloy). Some tellurides are also important ore minerals such as calaverite, sylvanite, and petzite. Hafnium - Primary ore mineral is zircon. Indium - Primarily is a byproduct of zinc processing. Iodine - Initial production was from seaweed. Iodine is extracted from natural gas field brines (up to 1200 ppm iodine in the brines). Iron - Two major minerals in the production of iron are it's oxides, hematite and magnetite. These are found in preCambrian iron formations. Historically there was also production from goethite and siderite. The iron sulfides (pyrite and pyrrhotite) were not used as iron sources due to the difficulty of removi


The most poisonous fungi, which usually kills anyone eating it, is the?

Edible and Poisonous Fungi Poisoning Cases Many people are interested in fungi because they are edible. But everyone also knows that wild fungi can be both delicious and deadly poisonous. Unfortunately, there is no simple way of saying what is edible and what is poisonous. The best way of sensibly eating wild fungi is to follow the guidelines below and to stick to a small number of easily recognisable, but tasty, species. Many poisonings occur when people are experimenting with odd species.  If you think you or someone you    know has been poisoned but eating a wild fungus, please contact the Irish    National Poisons Information Centre immediately    (or equivalent in your country). If possible keep a specimen of the    fungus you ate. You will need to describe it as well as possible. In the    Northern Ireland Fungus we are only amateur mycologists and may not be    able to help. Fungi are difficult, sometimes impossible, to identify from    a photograph alone and we may not be immediately contactable.  There has also been some concern about the concentrations of metals such as arsenic, cadmium, copper and lead in wild fungi. MAFF (the    Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food) organised a survey of wild    fungi. The conclusions    of this survey were that the consumption of wild fungi in normal    quantities did not pose any significant health risk. Topics on this page are: How to avoid mushroom poisoning , The Best Edible Species , Poisonous Species and Books on Edible and Poisonous Fungi The Northern Ireland Fungus Group cannot accept responsibility or liability for a poisoning incident based on the contents of this page. Each case of cooking for the pot is an unique event and the identification of specimens is the responsibility is the person doing the cooking. Different individuals may also react to species that are described in the literature as "edible". It is thus prudent to be careful and follow the guidelines below. How to avoid mushroom poisoning (adapted from Shelley Evans' guidelines in "Guides for the Amateur Mycologist - No.4 Guide for the Kitchen Collector: Preservation and Cooking of Fungi. BMS, 1994) 1. Unfamiliar Species: Check and re-check your identification, especially looking out for a similar poisonous species. If still in doubt, ask an expert or throw it away. 2. Examine each specimen. Always check each specimen in case a different species has got in amongst your collection of edible ones. 3. Keep your collections separate. Do not mix edible and non-edible species in a collecting tray if you are collecting for the pot. It is a good idea if collecting for the pot to only collect edible species and not other species for identification purposes. 4. Check the spore print. A simple operation, leaving a cap on some paper and covering for an hour or so. This will help check your identification. 5. Do not eat raw wild fungi. Some wild fungi are poisonous if eaten raw, e.g. Wood Blewit, Lepista nuda, the Blusher, Amanita rubescens or species of Helvella. Always cook your collections. 6. Retain an uncooked specimen. This is a very sensible idea. Keep one example of what you have eaten in the fridge. In case, you do poison yourself, this will help others identify what you have eaten and therefore know how to treat you. Different species contain different toxins, therefore treatments will vary. 7. Only eat good specimens. Many poisoning cases occur when edible species are eaten in poor condition. Only eat good specimens! 8. Keep your collections in the fridge. This keeps your specimens in good condition. 9. Experimenting. If experimenting and eating a type for the first time, only eat a small amount. Different people react to fungi in different ways and it is safer to test your own body out gently! 10. Alcohol. Avoid drinking alcohol with species you haven't eaten before and with certain species, e.g. the Common Ink Cap, Coprinus atramentarius. 11. Fear. Do not feed wild mushrooms to people who don't want to eat them. Fear can make people sick. 12. Susceptible people


Parts of natural numbers, Section 2 -- A complete course in arithmetic It means that the larger number is not a multiple of the smaller.   100 is not a multiple of 75.  Therefore we say that 75 is parts of 100. It is three fourth parts, or simply three fourths. If the entire figure represents 15, then 5 is the third part of 15, and 10 is two third parts of 15. If the entire figure represents 18, then 6 is the third part of 18, and 12 is two third parts of 18. If the entire figure represents 21, then 7 is the third part of 21, and 14 is two third parts of 21. And so on.  Two thirds of a number are twice as much as one third. Example 1.  Fifths.   Here is 10 divided into fifths, that is, into five equal parts: Each 2 is a Fifth.  Let us count them. 2 is is the fifth part of 10. 4 is two fifth parts of 10. 6 is three fifth parts of 10. 8 is four fifth parts of 10. And 10 is all five of its fifth parts. Example 2.   How much is two thirds of 12? Answer.  To name two thirds of 12, we must first name one third. But to name one third, we can simply divide by 3 . "12 divided by 3 is 4." Two thirds will then be two times 4:  8. We see, then, that to take two thirds of a number, divide it by 3, then multiply times 2. Example 3.   How much is two thirds of 27? Answer.  "3 goes into 27 nine times. Nine times 2 is 18." (One third of 27 is 9. Two thirds are 18.) Example 4.   How much is three fourths of 28? Answer.   "4 goes into 28 seven times. Seven times 3 is 21." We can illustrate this with any number that has a fourth part, namely any multiple of 4.  For example, 12, 40, 100: One fourth of 12 is 3. Three fourths are 9. One fourth of 40 is 10. Three fourths are 30 One fourth of 100 is 25. Three fourths are 75.  6.   Example 5.   How much is four fifths of 15? Answer.  "5 goes into 15 three times..  Three times 4 is 12." Each 3 is a fifth part of 15. 6 is two fifth parts of 15. 9 is three fifth parts of 15. 12 is four fifth parts, or simply four fifths, of 15. Example 6.   In a class of 32 students, five eighths are girls. How many boys are there? Answer.   The whole class is eight eighths. Therefore, if five eighths are girls, then the remaining three eighths are boys. Now, one eighth of 32 -- 32 ÷ 8 -- is 4. Therefore three eighths will be three times 4: 12.  There are 12 boys in the class. Percent: Parts of 100% We have seen that a percent is another way of naming a part.  Since 100% is the whole ( Lesson 4, Question 5 ), and since 50% is half of 100%, then 50% means half.  50% of 40 -- half of 40 -- is 20. Since 25% is a quarter of 100%, then 25% is another way of saying a quarter.  A quarter of 40 -- 25% of 40 -- is 10. Since 75% is three quarters of 100%, then 75% means three quarters.  30 is 75% of 40. Whichever part or parts the percent is of 100%, the percent means that part or those parts. Fifths Let the circle represent 100%, and let us divide it into fifths, that is, into five equal parts -- into 20's.  Each 20% is a fifth of the circle.  Two fifths of the circle -- of 100% -- is 40%  Three fifths is 60%.  Four fifths is 80%. That is what those percents mean: 20% means one fifth. 100% is the whole; it is all five fifths. Example 7.   How much is 60% of 45? Answer.  60% means three fifths. "5 goes into 45 nine times.  Nine times 3 is 27. 60% of 45 is 27. Example 8.   A scarf that sells for $35 is on sale at 40% off. How much do you pay? Answer.  "40% off" means that two fifths of the price will be subtracted. One fifth of 35 is 7.  Therefore, two fifths are 14.  You will pay $14 less: $35 − $14 = $21. You will pay $21. More simply, since 40% of the price will be subtracted, then you will pay 60%.  60% -- or three fifths of $35 -- is three times $7, which is $21. For more on percent, see Lesson 17 . Finally, we will state this theorem: Each number is either a part of a larger number or parts of it. (Euclid, VII.4.) We will illustrate that with each number less than 9.  We will see that each number less than 9 is either a part of 9 or parts of 9. Now, 9 units can be divided either into Ninths or Thirds: (If 9 is


What is the English equivalent/interpretation of the Russian term, commonly abbreviated, 'Rochnoy Protivotankovy Granatomyot'?

Urban Dictionary: RPG (1) Rocket Propelled Grenade. Used in combat situations. (2) Role Playing Game (tabletop). Game in which the player takes on another personality to have fun. (3) Role Playing Game (video game, turn based). A game that is frowned upon by fans of FPS for it's strategical approach. More easily described as a "Playable Anime". (4) Role Playing Game (video game, active battle). Fast paced, can appeal to even FPS fans. I have personally proved this in 5 cases. (1)The RPG should be used in military purposes only. (2) Dungeons and Dragons is an RPG. (3) Final Fantasy is also an RPG. (4) Kingdom Hearts and Legend of Zelda are also RPG's. by DeathDonut July 30, 2004


When moving a cat to a new home, it is popularly and mythically believed that rubbing (What?) on its paws will stop it wandering away?

Blog | Welcome To Your Pet Space! - Page 2 Welcome To Your Pet Space! MISSION CONTROL For You And Your Pet Search Reply You Can Brush Your Pet’s Teeth! My dog, Seba, loves giving kisses!  But sometimes they’re smelly, if I’ve forgotten to brush her teeth.  What?  Brush my dog’s teeth?  Yes!  Not only does she tolerate me brushing her teeth, she expects it and there are some things she seems to enjoy—such as the peanut butter flavored toothpaste! Here’s a vid of me brushing Seba’s teeth. Ok, so yes–you should brush your pet’s teeth.  But how do you know when?  Ideally, a pet’s teeth should be white (not yellow, brown or gray), their gums should be bubble gum pink—except in the case of pets whose gums are a different color naturally—and they should not have bad breath. Pets do not usually develop cavities the way children do, but they can contract periodontal (gum) disease due to buildup of tartar.  Once the gums are infected and inflamed, they can lose their teeth.  But a long time before that happens, they may be having pain that they won’t show in the same way you would… In addition, once infection sets in, their immune system becomes compromised, and this can lead to heart and other types of disease. I was lucky with Seba, because greyhounds are quite used to being touched all over and handled with humans doing all kinds of strange things to them—including dressing them in racing silks, winning banners…and later, when they are adopted to a home, everything from fancy collars with dangly bling to coats to booties for their feet in the winter!  So it was an easy segue to start putting a toothbrush in her mouth. But HOW Do You Brush Your Pet’s Teeth? But, if your pet isn’t used to this, the way to start is by using something on your finger that the pet loves—like tuna juice for cats or plain peanut butter for dogs (just be sure to avoid any peanut butter containing xylitol as a sweetener, since this is highly toxic to our canine friends).  You want to approach the pet from the side, not face to face.  A smaller dog or a cat you can place on your lap, with its face away from you.  Our cat lovers may want to try a Cat In The Bag as an easy way to brush your feline’s teeth, and it can be used in many other instances, as well.) Seba knows when Momma is talking baby talk to her, she is safe and something good is coming in the way of treats and pets.  But any reassuring sound you make or praise you give throughout the process will create a pleasant association for your pet.  Start for short sessions on a regular basis and build up to a full mouth brushing, starting at the back  on the inside and using short, circular strokes with the brush. The Facts About Pet Gum Disease You may have thought that gum disease only affects humans, but in fact pet gum disease is the leading dental problem vets see, and affects 80% of dogs and 70% of cats.  In general, pets are more susceptible as they grow older, but toy breeds are particularly so, because of tooth crowding. Gum disease in pets is caused by the same things as in humans: bacteria from leftover food particles causes plaque along the gumline.  If not cleaned away, the plaque hardens into tartar, which clings strongly to the teeth.  This can happen in as little as 3 days.  Gingivitus, bad breath and inflammation of the gum follow which, if still untreated, can cause loosening of the teeth, abcesses and further infection.  All during this process, the pet is in pain–and, unlike you, will not be able to schedule an appointment for themselves! Signs of periodontal disease in pets are: Bad breath Yellow brown tartar deposits But What About The Dental Treats I Give My Pet? Like a lot of other pet products on the market, these are well loved by owners–but keep in mind they do not replace a toothbrush or professional cleaning.  Treats should not be soft (or become soft as in the case of rawhides) as hard food and treats help remove built up plaque from the pet’s teeth.  You want a tough, chewy treat, but not extremely hard like cow hooves or pig ears.  Hard objects can chip and wear down te


A dessicant is a hygroscopic substance used to produce (What?) in its vicinity?

Dessicant definition by Babylon’s free dictionary Wikipedia Dictionaries English Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia A desiccant is a hygroscopic substance that induces or sustains a state of dryness (desiccation) in its vicinity. Commonly encountered pre-packaged desiccants are solids that adsorb water. Desiccants for specialized purposes may be in forms other than solid, and may work through other principles, such as chemical bonding of water molecules. They are commonly encountered in foods to retain crispness. Industrially, desiccants are widely used to control the level of water in gas streams. See more at Wikipedia.org...


The Ancient Egyptian mummy/afterlife figure Anubis is typically half-man and half-?

Egyptian Afterlife Ceremonies, Sarcophagi, Burial Masks - Crystalinks Egyptian Afterlife Ancient Egyptian civilization was based on religion; their belief in the rebirth after death became their driving force behind their funeral practices. Death was simply a temporary interruption, rather than complete cessation, of life, and that eternal life could be ensured by means like piety to the gods, preservation of the physical form through Mummification , and the provision of statuary and other funerary equipment. Each human consisted of the physical body, the 'ka', the 'ba', and the 'akh'. The Name and Shadow were also living entities. To enjoy the afterlife, all these elements had to be sustained and protected from harm. Before the Old Kingdom, bodies buried in desert pits were naturally preserved by desiccation. The arid, desert conditions continued to be a boon throughout the history of ancient Egypt for the burials of the poor, who could not afford the elaborate burial preparations available to the elite. Wealthier Egyptians began to bury their dead in stone tombs and, as a result, they made use of artificial mummification, which involved removing the internal organs, wrapping the body in linen, and burying it in a rectangular stone sarcophagus or wooden coffin. Beginning in the Fourth Dynasty, some parts were preserved separately in canopic jars. By the New Kingdom, the ancient Egyptians had perfected the art of mummification; the best technique took 70 days and involved removing the internal organs, removing the brain through the nose, and desiccating the body in a mixture of salts called natron. The body was then wrapped in linen with protective amulets inserted between layers and placed in a decorated anthropoid coffin. Mummies of the Late Period were also placed in painted cartonnage mummy cases. Actual preservation practices declined during the Ptolemaic and Roman eras, while greater emphasis was placed on the outer appearance of the mummy, which was decorated. Wealthy Egyptians were buried with larger quantities of luxury items, but all burials, regardless of social status, included goods for the deceased. Beginning in the New Kingdom, books of the dead were included in the grave, along with shabti statues that were believed to perform manual labor for them in the afterlife Rituals in which the deceased was magically re-animated accompanied burials. After burial, living relatives were expected to occasionally bring food to the tomb and recite prayers on behalf of the deceased. Egyptians also believed that being mummified was the only way to have an afterlife. Only if the corpse had been properly embalmed and entombed in a mastaba, could the dead live again in the Fields of Yalu and accompany the Sun on its daily ride. Anubis and Ma'at Anubis is the Greek name for a jackal-headed god associated with mummification and the afterlife in Egyptian mythology. In the ancient Egyptian language, Anubis is known as Inpu, (variously spelled Anupu, Ienpw etc.). The oldest known mention of Anubis is in the Old Kingdom pyramid texts, where he is associated with the burial of the king. At this time, Anubis was the most important god of the Dead but he was replaced during the Middle Kingdom by Osiris. Anubis takes various titles in connection with his funerary role, such as He who is upon his mountain, which underscores his importance as a protector of the deceased and their tombs, and the title He who is in the place of embalming, associating him with the process of mummification. Like many ancient Egyptian deities, Anubis assumes different roles in various contexts, and no public procession in Egypt would be conducted without an Anubis to march at the head. In Ancient Egyptian religion, when the body died, parts of its soul known as ka (body double) and the ba (personality) would go to the Kingdom of the Dead. While the soul dwelt in the Fields of Aaru, Osiris demanded work as payback for the protection he provided. Statues were placed in the tombs to serve as substitutes for the deceased. The Funerary Scene Arriving at one's re


Founded in 1966, the US company Vans originally and most famously makes?

History of Vans since 1966 - Vans Australia / New Zealand History   The Vans Story On March 16th, 1966, at street 704E Broadway, in Anaheim, California, Paul Van Doren and three partners opened up their first ever store and the Vans dream was born.  The Van Doren Rubber Company was unique in that it manufactures shoes and sells them directly to the public.  On that first morning, 12 customers purchase shoes which are made that day and ready for pick-up in the afternoon.  The Vans #44 deck shoes, which is now known as the Authentic were born.  Skateboarders who like Vans rugged make-up and sticky sole are seen sporting Vans all over Southern California in the early 1970s.  In 1975, the Vans #95, known today as the Era was designed by Tony Alva and Stacy Peralta.  With a padded collar and different colour combinations the Era becomes the shoe of choice for a generation of skateboarders. In 1979, Vans introduce the #44 shoe, and with the help of skateboarders and BMX riders the Vans Slip-On became all the rage in Southern California.  By the end of the 1970s, Vans had 70 stores in California and sells through dealers both nationally and internationally. As the 1980s rolled around, Paul Van Doren began to take a lesser role in the companies’ activities.  Over this period, Vans started to create shoes for a number of sports from baseball, basketball and wrestling to skydiving in an effort to compete with large athletic shoe companies.  Vans Slip-Ons gained international attention and appeal when they were worn by Sean Penn in the 1982, iconic youth film “Fast Times at Ridgemont High.”  Although Vans core shoes were selling well, the wide range of products that the company now offered had drained the companies resources, and with Vans not able to overcome it’s debt they were forced to file for bankruptcy in 1983.  Just three years on, Vans had paid back all creditors and emerges from bankruptcy.  In 1988 Vans original owners sell to an investment banking firm, and with the new owners financial backing, Vans expands and increases its worldwide presence.  Vans begins manufacturing footwear overseas in 1994, allowing for development of new shoe styles, and huge expansion occurs.   Vans then begins creating the world’s leading action sport series with the sponsorship of the inaugural Triple Crown of skateboarding, which then develops into the Vans Triple Crown series which includes events in skateboarding, BMX, surfing, wakeboarding, snowboarding, motocross and super cross. 1998 sees Vans open the first of its kind, a 46,000 square-foot indoor-outdoor Vans Skate park at the Block in Orange County.  Vans makes initial public offering of stock, which is now traded on the NASDAQ stock exchange.  Vans are recognized by Forbes in 2000 and then again in 2001 as one of “America’s Best Small Companies.”  2001 sees Vans financing the production of Dogtown and Z-Boys, Stacy Peralta’s look at the beginnings of skateboarding and the personalities that evolved the sport.  The film takes the Audience Award and the Best Director Award at the Sundance Film Festival.  The film is narrated by Sean Penn.  The same year Vans buys controlling interest of the Vans Warped Tour, the nation’s leading action sports and music festival. 2004 Vans launches Vans Customs at www.vans.com , allowing would-be fashion designers to create their own Classic Slip-ons utilizing hundreds of different colour and pattern combinations.  Vans stage what many consider to be the best bowl contest of all time, the inaugural Pro-tec Pool Party 2005 which took place in the replica of the legendary Combi Bowl at the Vans Skate Park at the Block at Orange.  The same year, the Vans Warped Tour draws more than 680,000 punk fans during the summer, solidifying its position as America’s longest running concert series.  Vans adopt a new concept in skate street contests with the Vans Downtown Showdown, held in the Universal Studios Back Lot on Labour Day.  Vans continues to forge innovative collaborations through the Vault by BVans line with Vans sneaker combinations with design giant M


New Year's Day (Gregorian international standard calendar) in the year 2017 is a?

Office Holidays: New Years day New Year's Day New Year Holidays by Day New Year's Day is the first day of the year, in the Gregorian calendar, and falls exactly one week after the Christmas Day of the previous year. New Year's Day is a public holiday in all countries that observe the Gregorian calendar, with the exception of Israel. This makes it the most widely observed public holiday. As 1 January 2017 falls on a Sunday, many countries will observe the following Monday as a public holiday. Some countries may also observe an additional day's holiday for New Year. Countries who still use the Julian Calendar observe New Year's Day on January 14th. It is traditionally celebrated with firework displays across the globe at 00:00 in the local time zones. New Year's Day was originally observed on March 15th in the old Roman Calendar. It was fixed at January 1st in 153 BCE, by two Roman consuls. The month was named Janus after the name of the Roman god of doors and gates. Janus had two faces, one facing forward and one looking back, a fitting name for the month at the start of the year. During the Middle Ages, a number of different Christian feast dates were used to mark the New Year, though calendars often continued to display the months in columns running from January to December in the Roman fashion. It wasn't until 1582 when the Roman Catholic Church officially adopted 1 January as the New Year. Most countries in Western Europe had officially adopted January 1st as New Year's Day even before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. Related Links Translate this page About Us Office Holidays provides calendars with dates and information on public holidays and bank holidays in key countries around the world. A valuable resource for planning meetings, increasing diversity awareness and general reference.


What creatures were first to live on land and fly?

Fish, swim! Birds, fly! - Day 5 - creation.com Published in Creation 28(4):44–47 , 2006 ‘Then God said, “Let the waters teem with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.” And God created the great sea monsters, and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind; and God saw that it was good. And God blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.” And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day’ Genesis 1:20–23. On the fifth day of Creation Week, the earth was ready to support animal life. God had made water, soil, air, and plants and fruits for food. He had also created the sun to give light and warmth. Now God created Earth’s first inhabitants—the animals that live in the sea and those that fly in the air. Once again He simply commanded them all to come into being, and they did! All the sea creatures When God spoke, the sea was suddenly teeming with every kind of creature that lives there—tiny ones called krill, small fish like sardines, medium-sized fish like salmon, bigger fish such as marlin and swordfish, and much larger creatures like whales and plesiosaurs. God also made jellyfish and eels, corals and crabs, octopuses and porpoises, and all the others too. Some people say that whales evolved from an animal like a cow or from some other land animal that decided it wanted to start living in the sea and eating seaweed or other sea creatures instead of grass. But why would it do that? There is no convincing evidence to support this idea. And God tells us that He did not make the land animals until Day 6. Did you know that the vast majority of fish don’t eat each other, but eat underwater plant material like seaweed, algae (like green rock slime), and drifting tiny plants called plankton (really phytoplankton). All the flying creatures Suddenly, too, at God’s command, there were all sorts of flying creatures—birds like parrots, pigeons and poultry; flying insects like butterflies, bees and bugs; as well as bats (which are mammals); and the flying reptiles we call pterosaurs. What a marvellous sight it must have been! What a marvellous sound there must have been when the birds began to sing! God made these creatures with four different types of wings. Birds’ wings   are made of feathers; insects’ wings are made of membranes or thin scales;   bats’ wings are made of skin stretched over long arm and hand bones; while   for pterosaurs’ wings the skin was stretched over a long fourth finger bone. Flight feathers are remarkable features. When a bird raises its wing, the feathers   move apart to let the air through and reduce resistance. But on the downstroke the   feathers close completely, thus greatly improving lift. Also, a bird can vary the   shape of its wings for more efficient take-off, flapping, gliding and landing. People who don’t believe in a Creator have no explanation for the remarkable   design features of feathers. Most of them claim that a reptile’s scales changed   into feathers. But no fossil showing a transition from scale to feather has ever   been found. God designed bird and human bones for their special functions. Bird bones are  much lighter. God cares for all God was pleased when he looked at what He had made on Day 5. Not only did He say it was good, He also blessed the fish and the birds, and commanded them to reproduce—each to make baby animals just like itself. Although God does not love animals in the same way that He loves people, He still notices when a sparrow falls to the ground (Matthew 10:29), and He cares for them. How much more God cares for you and me! ‘After its kind’ The Bible tells us that God made each one of these animals ‘after its kind’. Those people who do not believe that God created say instead that one kind of animal evolved into another kind all by itself. Dinosour did not evolve into birds. God created dinosaurs and bir