In their raiding, exploring, trading and settling in the 9th century Scandinavian Vikings took which city, and grew it into the capital of what became known as the Land of the Rus?

The Vikings homeland is Scandinavian The Viking Age: 793-1066 AD     The Vikings landed  in Greenland and parts of Canada 500 years prior to Columbus.  They  dominated trade and exploration from 793 AD until 1066 AD.  This time period  was known as the Viking Age.  The main reason for Viking success was their  ships and navigational skills.  The Viking Ships were able to cross the North Atlantic and were also capable  of navigated the shallowest waters like rivers of Europe.     During the Viking Age overpopulation became a leading reason to search for new lands and the migration to them.  The first stage of these migrations was to England and the European mainland.  Then in the mid 9th century Vikings turned their attention to uninhabited islands reported further west - first the Faeroe Islands, then Iceland, and later Greenland. On these virgin lands the Vikings had a dramatic impact on the environment by cutting down forests, hunting unsuspecting wildlife, and introducing new animals and plants. This process was known as landnï¿½m, literally ï¿½land-taking.ï¿½         The Vikings homeland was Scandinavian.  Scandinavian consisted of three major countries Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.  Each country extended their power into Europe, and effected three different areas giving them the largest trade network of the time.   The Danish Vikings extended to the Eastern coast of England, and the western coast of Europe.  They made raids that extended to Spain, the Mediterranean, and Northern Africa.  In England they formed the towns of Dublin and York.  The Swedish Vikings began to explore, trade, and raid Eastern Europe and Russia.  They had economic influence in the Black Sea, the Caspian, and Eastern Mediterranean.  In Russia the Swedish Vikings became so powerful they founded a dynasty that ruled Kiev.  Then there were the Vikings who explored the North Atlantic and expanded westward to Iceland and Greenland.  These were Vikings from Norway.  Famous Vikings like Erik the Red and Leif Eriksson were from Norwegian decent.  We also get some of the most famous Viking accounts and epic stories from the Icelandic Norwegians in the Vinland Sagas.                                   Vikings  influenced many changes in Europe, but the most important change occurred because  of Europe's influence on Scandinavia.  They went from a polytheistic society  to a monotheistic society with in three centuries of the introduction of Christianity .  Conversion  from the old ways occurred as Scandinavians in the Viking age traveled and traded  more with Western Europeans and the British Isles.  Christianity had already taken a hold in Europe by the time the Vikings  began trade and political relations.  Little by little the Old Norse religion was replaced with Christianity,  small changes would occur time from time, but finally at the start of the eleventh  century Christianity dominated the old Scandinavian ways. Iceland is estimated to have been discovered in the year 870 A.D. by a Norwegian king named Ingolf Arnarson.  He lived where the capital is now, and gave it the name Reykjavï¿½k. In 930, the Icelandic parliament in ancient times, Althing was founded.  The Althing is the oldest known parliament in the world.  It met periodically at a site known as the Thingvellor.  The people of Iceland were mainly farmers, sheep herders, and fishermen.  They usually gained more wealth once arriving from Norway. The most famous Icelander, and Viking explorer was Erik the Red.  He was born in Iceland of Norwegian decent. He was a humble man, a farmer/hunter/fisherman like most of the Icelandic population.  He was well liked by many, but like everyone he had enemies.  Erik after he felt he was cheated took law into his own hands and murdered a man for the injustice he had caused him.  For his crime he was put to trial by the Althing.  He was found guilty and as his punishment he was exiled from Iceland for three years.  Erik then gathered a crew of men and set off to sea in the summer of 982. His plan was to find and explore lands he


"Malcolm McLaren & Vivienne Westwood's clothing shop in Chelsea, London was called ""Let It Rock"" when it opened. The name was changed to ""Too Fast to Live Too Young to Die"" 1972, and was next called what?"

Vivienne Westwood facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Vivienne Westwood COPYRIGHT 2002 The Gale Group    Inc. WESTWOOD, Vivienne British designer Born: Vivienne Isabel Swire in Glossop, Derbyshire, 8 April 1941. Education: Studied one term at Harrow Art School, then trained as a teacher. Family: Children: Ben, Joseph. Career: Taught school before working as designer, from circa 1971; with partner Malcolm McLaren, proprietor of boutique variously named Let It Rock, 1971, Too Fast to Live, Too Young to Die, 1972, Sex, 1974, Seditionaries, 1977, and World's End, from 1980; second shop, Nostalgia of Mud, opened, 1982; Mayfair shop opened, 1990; first showed under own name, 1982; taught at Academy of Applied Arts, Vienna , 1989-91; first full menswear collection launched, 1990; opened Tokyo shop, 1996; introduced denim line, Anglomania, 1997; fragrances include Boudoir, 1998; and Boudoir, 2000. Exhibitions: Retrospective, Galerie Buchholz & Schipper, Cologne , 1991; retrospective, Bordeaux , 1992; Vivienne Westwood: The Collection of Romilly McAlpine, Museum of London, 2000. Awards: British Designer of the Year award, 1990, 1991; Order of the British Empire (OBE), 1992; Fashion  Group International awards, 1996. Address: Unit 3, Old School House, The Lanterns, Bridge Lane, Battersea, London SW11 3AD, England . Website: www.viviennewestwood.com . Publications Polhemus, Ted, Fashion and Anti-Fashion, London, 1978. McDermott, Catherine, Street Style: British Design in the 1980s, London, 1987. Howell, Georgina, Sultans of Style: 30 Years of Fashion and Passion 1960-1990, London, 1990. Steele, Valerie, Women of Fashion: Twentieth Century Designers, New York , 1991. Stegemeyer, Anne, Who's Who in Fashion, Third Edition, New York, 1996. Vermoral, Fred, Fashion & Perversity: A Life of Vivienne Westwood and the Sixties Laid Bare, Woodstock, New York & London, 1996. Krell, Gene, Vivienne Westwood, Paris, 1997. Lehnert, Gertrud, Frauen machen Mode—Coco Chanel, Jil Sander, Vivienne Westwood, Dortmund, Germany , 1998. Mulvagh, Jane, Vivienne Westwood: An Unfashionable Life, London, 1998, 1999. McDermott, Catherine, Vivienne Westwood, London, 1999. Articles Sutton, Ann, "World's End: Mud, Music and Fashion: Vivienne Westwood," in American Fabrics & Fashions (Columbia, South Carolina ), No. 126, 1982. Gleave, M., "Queen of the King's Road," in the Observer (London), 8 December 1982. Warner, M., "Counter Culture: Where London's Avant-garde Designers Get Their Ideas," in Connoisseur, May 1984. McDermott, Catherine, "Vivienne Westwood: Ten Years On," in i-D (London), February 1986. Mower, Sarah, "First Lady of Punk," in The Guardian (London), 11 December 1986. Buckley, Richard, and Anne Bogart, "Westwood: The 'Queen' of London," in WWD, 17 March 1987. Barber, Lynn, "Queen of the King's Road," in the Sunday Express Magazine (London), 12 July 1987. Mower, Sarah, "The Triumphal Reign of Queen Vivienne," in the Observer, 25 October 1987. Brampton, Sally, "The Prime of Miss Vivienne Westwood," in Elle (London), September 1988. Roberts, Michael, "From Punk to PM," in the Tatler (London), April 1989. Barber, Lynn, "How Vivienne Westwood Took the Fun Out of Frocks," in the Independent, 18 February 1990. Fleury, Sylvia, "Vivienne Westwood," in Flash Art (Milan), November-December 1994. Spindler, Amy M., "Four Who Have No Use for Trends," in the New York Times, 20 March 1995. Menkes, Suzy, "Show, Not Clothes, Becomes the Message," in the International Herald Tribune (Paris), 20 March 1995. Peres, Daniel, et al., "Blonde Ambition," in WWD, 18 September 1996. Larsen, Soren, "Vivienne Westwood to Get her Own Scent in Deal with Lancaster," in WWD, 24 January 1997. Lohrer, Robert, "Birds of Paradise: After 27 Years Vivienne Westwood Still Shocks and Rocks," in DNR, 16 January 1998. Menkes, Suzy, "The Essence of Westwood," in the International Herald Tribune, 30 June 1998. "Vivienne Westwood," in Current Biography, July 1999. Menkes, Suzy, "Westwood: A Designer in the Wardrobe," in the International Herald Tribune, 9 May 2000.


"Who wrote ""A thing of beauty is a joy forever""?"

A Thing Of Beauty (Endymion) Poem by John Keats - Poem Hunter A Thing Of Beauty (Endymion) Poem by John Keats - Poem Hunter A Thing Of Beauty (Endymion) - Poem by John Keats Autoplay next video A thing of beauty is a joy for ever: Its lovliness increases; it will never Pass into nothingness; but still will keep A bower quiet for us, and a sleep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing. Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the earth, Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, Of all the unhealthy and o'er-darkn'd ways Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all, Some shape of beauty moves away the pall From our dark spirits. Such the sun, the moon, Trees old and young, sprouting a shady boon For simple sheep; and such are daffodils With the green world they live in; and clear rills That for themselves a cooling covert make 'Gainst the hot season; the mid-forest brake, Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms: And such too is the grandeur of the dooms We have imagined for the mighty dead; An endless fountain of immortal drink, Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink. Keats celebrates immortality of art. Beauty in a way has a sublime derivation here. A divine connotation for that which cannot be destroyed, fade or change. Great poem! (11/12/2016 11:52:00 AM) Absolutely joy forever This is one of my favorite poems and will remain forever as the poetry itself says. (Report) Reply Muzahidul Reza (11/1/2016 1:11:00 PM) A thing of beauty is a joy for ever, this sentence is a great discovery of John Keats.................... (Report) Reply Susan Williams (10/31/2016 3:04:00 PM) Don't you wish you could pen a first line like this one- -a line that cradles your imagination softly. And then don't you wish you could continue the beauty of that first line into your second and third and fourth lines?  Ahhhh... reading Keats is like inhaling the fragrance of a rose. (Report) Reply (10/31/2016 8:49:00 AM) A Thing of Beauty a joy forever because now it is part of memory, a good thing to counter the negative things we've been exposed to. this is one of many poems to remind us of the goodness in the world. another to read, poets, if you don't know it is pied beauty by gerard manley hopkins. his God's grandeur also is a great burst of inspiration on the same theme.


Canada Goose, Sounds, All About Birds - Cornell Lab of Ornithology Search the Macaulay Library online archive for more sounds and videos Backyard Tips Mowing and maintaining lawns down to the water’s edge, or maintaining very large lawns anywhere near water are open invitations to Canada Geese. Plastic mesh placed over grass usually discourages them from walking on a lawn. Consider putting up a nest box to attract a breeding pair. Make sure you put it up well before breeding season. Attach a guard to keep predators from raiding eggs and young. Find out more about nest boxes on our Attract Birds pages . You'll find plans for building a nest box of the appropriate size on our All About Birdhouses site. Find This Bird During summer, and increasingly at other times of year, Canada Geese are fairly easy to see, swimming in open water, resting near shore, or grazing on lawns or farm fields. They are often heard flying above, by day or night; if you study their honks you may notice the difference by sound when other species of geese or swans are flying. Get Involved


"Who wrote the 1955 novel ""The Quiet American""?"

Best Intentions: An Appreciation of Graham Greene | World Affairs Journal Best Intentions: An Appreciation of Graham Greene The Quiet American Graham Greene (London: Heinemann, 1955) In Washington, where the honorific “historic” ornaments every speech, appointment, conclave, and legislative initiative however trivial, those who earn their living purporting to explain “what it all means” have a limitless supply of material. Small wonder that the senatorial defection of an unprincipled hack from one party to the other qualifies as Big News, while the nomination of an associate justice to a seat on the Supreme Court becomes equivalent in significance to the Normandy invasion. To suggest that this rampant narcissism induces a distorted, not to say warped, view of reality is to understate the case. Rebutting this presumption of Washington’s supreme importance requires a constant effort. Students of U.S. foreign policy might feel some obligation to sample the cascade of pretentiously titled tomes produced by movers and shakers situated In the Stream of History or At the Center of the Storm who claim to have engineered or participated in or at least witnessed events of enduring significance. Yet a steady diet of such excretions results in the need to cleanse the palate and flush the mind of accumulated toxins. To assist in that effort, Americans are fortunate in being able to draw on a rich homegrown tradition of observers who have devoted themselves to puncturing Washington’s conceit and delighting in its folly, a tradition running from Mark Twain all the way down to Garry Trudeau and Jon Stewart.   For a less comic approach that stands beyond the confines of the American tradition, there is Graham Greene’s prophetic novel The Quiet American. Appearing in 1955, Greene’s fictional narrative became within a decade must-reading for those seeking to understand how the United States blundered so badly in Vietnam. For those today seeking to understand how the United States blundered so badly in Iraq and Afghanistan, The Quiet American remains an essential text. Greene has little interest in Washington or in those who genuflect before the White House as the cathedral of supreme power. To locate the nub of the matter he looks elsewhere, to the grimy world where functionaries labor to translate Washington’s high-sounding clichés into actual policy, with the consequences borne by ordinary people who never fly on Air Force One or appear on the Sunday morning talk shows. In this case, the setting is Saigon, near the end of the first Indochina War. French efforts to suppress the Viet Minh insurgency and retain their empire in the Far East are failing. The United States, although nominally supporting France, is actually positioning itself to supplant its ally as the region’s dominant outside power. Within a decade, of course, this effort will yield a second Indochina War and ultimately a second Western defeat. Greene’s protagonist is Thomas Fowler, a God-haunted, burned-out British journalist, who in late middle age has fled to the East in the wake of a failed love affair that had wrecked his marriage. From Saigon, he half-heartedly covers the war, mostly by passing along press releases issued by French military spokesmen. Steadfastly refusing to take sides, he stands apart and simply reports. In Saigon, he has taken up with the beautiful and much younger Phuong. Whether Fowler loves Phuong—whether he is capable of love—is difficult to say. Yet he needs Phuong desperately, for sex and companionship, to prepare his opium pipes each evening, above all as someone whose presence keeps at bay Fowler’s fear of facing alone the terrors of old age. In return Phuong wants only one thing: a guarantee of security, which implies marriage. Yet this Fowler cannot deliver: he remains formally wed and his wife, back in England, is a Catholic whose conscience will not permit her to dissolve their union. Into this relationship comes Alden Pyle, a young American newly assigned as an economic attaché with the U.S. mission. Pyle is polite, modest, and boyish. “


The Tuareg are the principal inhabitants of which area?

The Tuareg the Nomadic inhabitants of North Africa   Tifinagh - The Tuareg Script The Tuareg inhabit the Saharan regions of North Africa - Niger, Mali, Libya, Algeria and Burkina Faso. Tuareg is an Arabic term meaning abandoned by God. They call themselves Imohag, translated as free men . No one knows the true origin of the Tuareg, where they came from or when they arrived in the Sahara . Reputedly of Berber descent, the language of the Tuareg is Tamachek, with their own script known as Tifinagh , thought to have ancient Libyan roots. Their numbers are unclear, but estimates run between 300,000 and 1 million. The Tuareg were recorded by the Greek historian Herodotus in the 5th Century BC.   The most striking attribute of the Tuareg is the indigo veil, worn by the men but not the women, giving rise to the popular name the Blue Men of the Sahara , or Men of the Veil . Men begin wearing a veil at the age 25.   One of the traditional dances of the nomadic Tuareg is the 'Tam Tam' where the men on camel circle the women while they play drums and chant. The huts of the Tuareg nomad are easily constructed, and comprised of weaved matting and tradition fabrics on a timber frame.   Most Tuareg practice some degree of Islam Although most Tuareg now practice some degree of Islam - the Maliki sect of Islam, resulting from the teachings of the great prophet El Maghili from the early 16th century - they are not considered Arabic. They have preserved many pre-Islamic traditions and do not strictly follow many Islamic rituals. Among the Tuareg the women have a great freedom and participate in family and tribal decisions . Descent and inheritance are both through the maternal line.   Tuareg camel caravans played the primary role in trans-Saharan trade until the mid-20th century when European colonial infrastructure - railways and roads - were introduced. Until then, there were five principal trade routes which extend across the Sahara from the northern Mediterranean coast of Africa to the great cities on the southern edge of the Sahara.   Tuareg merchants were responsible for bringing goods from these cities to the north. From there they were distributed throughout the world. Because of the nature of transport and the limited space available in caravans, Tuareg usually traded in luxury items, things which took up little space and on which a large profit could be made.   Agadez, Niger   Tuareg were also responsible for bringing enslaved people north from west Africa to be sold to Europeans and Middle Easterners. Many Tuareg settled into the communities with which they traded, serving as local merchants . Tuareg Merchant Trade Routes across the Sahara   One of the most important trade routes across the Sahara was to the west - the Taghaza Trail - in the north from the oasis town of Aoudaghost (near Fez in Morocco) to the Atlantic coast (now Freetown in Sierra Leone).   The route passed through Sidjilmasa, Taghaza, Walata, Ghana, Bamako and Niani before reaching the coast. Flowing south - beads, ceramics, glass, oil lamps, saffron, dates, flour and salt. Flowing north - slaves, kola nuts and gold. Off this to the west ran the route from Idjil, through Tichitt to Walata, bringing salt.   This route then went on to be one of the main east-west routes across the Sahara; from Walata on to Timbuktu, Jenne (to the south), Goa, through the Tenere Desert to Agadez , before joining the north-south route in the east, running from Benin in the south, through Bilma and Zawilah, before heading north into Egypt. Flowing east - salt, kola, gold, ivory, and slaves. Flowing west - copper, ceramics, and cowrie beads.   Two further diagonal routes crossed the Sahara. From Timbuktu, through Araouane and Taoudenni, then across to Ghadames before reaching Tripoli. And to the south, from Gao across to Ghat and then on to Egypt. Towards Egypt, gold, slaves, ebony and ivory, in exchange for ceramics, glass, oil lamps, silk, saffron and beads.   Most Tuareg practice some degree of Islam Historically, Tuareg society was divided between those who tended the land and th


If you went directly south from France, which sea would you meet first?

France.com Where to Go - France.com Strasbourg in Eastern France Paris and its surroundings Paris. The City of Light. And of the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, the Sacré-Coeur, Montmartre, Saint-Germain, the Opéra and hundreds of attractions for every taste known to civilized mankind. A visit to Paris should include a day-trip to Versailles where French royalty brought the classical French style to its apex. Northern France It includes the administrative regions of: Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Heir to an industrial past, the region has turned towards tourism. It’s the entry place for British tourists coming on the chunnel or on hovercrafts from Dover. Don’t miss Lille, one of France’s most fun big cities. Picardie. Lovers of history will find many places to visit in this flat land: Amiens boasts one of the most beautiful French cathedrals, while the cities of Chantilly, Compiègne still evoke the royal atmosphere of their past. Senlis and Gerberoy take us back all the way to the Middle Ages. Western France It includes the official regions of: Brittany. Where the land meets the sea. Bretagne is a wonderfully unique land that has entranced man since the beginning of time. The rugged coast has some of the finest beaches in Europe. Normandy. Green pastures, fishermen villages famous cheese. D-day beaches and WWII tours mix with medieval art. Caen, Rouen, Bayeux, Honfleur, Deauville and Monet’s Giverny are where the tourists go. Pays de la Loire. Water is everywhere here between the sea and the Loire itself. Unjustly ignored by tourists from abroad, the region is getting renewed interest lately. Eastern France Alsace . The European region. Strong French and German influences. Lovely wine routes and oh, so, charming villages! Strasbourg, Colmar, Mulhouse is what you want to see. Burgundy. The land of fine wines. Dijon and the Cote d’Or. Beaune, Chablis, Auxerre and Macon are here. Knowledge of good wine is a not requirement to enjoy this region fully. Franche-Comté. Beautiful but rugged, this region has seldom appeared on the radar of travelers to France. It’s a fantastic homebase for a laid-back vacation of enjoying France’s rural culture. Central France Centre. Rolling 2 hours south of Paris, the ‘Valley of Kings’ is the king of valleys. Royal chateaus abound between Tours and Blois. A visit to Chambord, Blois, Amboise, Chenonceau is a must. Auvergne. A sparsely populated land of volcanic plateaus and large valleys with a love of nature and an impeccable standard for environment. It may be France’s most authentic region. Preferred by active vacationeers who crave the open-air and its majestic environment. South Eastern France Languedoc-Roussillon. Be tempted by the varied sites of this land of contrasts. Camargue extends to the sunny shores of the Mediterranean. Cathar castles stand proudly at the foot of the Pyrénées mountains, and the fortified city of Carcassonne and the 49-metre high Pont du Gard will instantly hold you spellbound. Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur. The sunny charm of France joie de vivre sparkles in Provence. Ever since fame was invented, The Riviera has been home to the rich and famous. Nice, Marseille, Cannes and St-Tropez are among the most visited spots. Rhône-Alpes. Outdoor enthusiasts will love the mountains and world-class ski resorts (Chamonix amongst them) as well as the many water sports in the Gorges de l’Ardèche. Lyon is known throughout the country as the place for fine gastronomic delights. South Western France Aquitaine. Bordeaux vineyards and the beaches of the Atlantic. The Basque Country. Castles and Medieval villages in Perigord. Biarritz, Pau and Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port are here. Big with wine lovers history buffs, river vacationeers and surfer dudes. Midi-Pyrénées. From the sea to the mountains the region is full of beautiful cities and villages, rich with history. Toulouse, the pink city, is a must see. Barges float quietly along the banks of the Canal du Midi for your delight. So where to go? Anywhere… Everywhere! Just think about it… France has among the world’s most beautiful islands, some of the w


"Who is the ringmaster in the UK TV series ""QI""?"

QI - BBC2 Panel Show - British Comedy Guide John Lloyd and Piers Fletcher QI is a panel game which believes that everything in the world is quite interesting, provided that you look at it in the right way. To quote original host Stephen Fry : "Now, the rules are simple. Scoring is my business. Points are given and points are taken away. They are taken away for answers which are both obvious and wrong, and they're given, not so much for being correct, as for being interesting. Their level of interestingness is impartially determined by a demographically selected customer-service focus consultancy, broken down by age and sex - i.e. me. Because there is no-one more broken down by age and sex." Each show features the host, Stephen Fry (Series A-M) and then later Sandi Toksvig (Series N onwards), and four panellists, including resident player Alan Davies , answering questions that are so difficult that no-one expects to get any of the answers right. Thus points are given for answers that may not be right but are interesting. Points are taken away (often from Alan), to answers that are not only wrong but are pathetically obvious. QI is the show that proves that almost everything you know about the blue whale is wrong, the issue of how many moons the Earth has is a lot more complicated than you expect, and that there is something interesting to say about the Acropolis, where the Parthenon is.


Who was the US president when women got the vote in the USA due to the ratification of The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution?

Our Documents - 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women's Right to Vote (1920) 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women's Right to Vote (1920) Citation: Joint Resolution of Congress proposing a constitutional amendment extending the right of suffrage to women, approved June 4, 1919.; Ratified Amendments, 1795-1992; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. Photograph, "Bastille Day spells prison for sixteen suffragettes who picketed the White House" July 19, 1917; Records of the War Department Genial and Special Staffs; Record Group 165 [NWDNS-165-WW-(600A) 2]; National Archives. How to use citation info. (on Archives.gov) Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. The 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. Achieving  this milestone required a lengthy and difficult struggle; victory took decades  of agitation and protest. Beginning in the mid-19th century, several generations  of woman suffrage supporters lectured, wrote, marched, lobbied, and practiced  civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change  of the Constitution. Few early supporters lived to see final victory in 1920. Beginning in the 1800s, women organized, petitioned, and picketed to win the  right to vote, but it took them decades to accomplish their purpose. Between  1878, when the amendment was first introduced in Congress, and August 18, 1920,  when it was ratified, champions of voting rights for women worked tirelessly,  but strategies for achieving their goal varied. Some pursued a strategy of passing  suffrage acts in each state—nine western states adopted woman suffrage  legislation by 1912. Others challenged male-only voting laws in the courts.  Militant suffragists used tactics such as parades, silent vigils, and hunger  strikes. Often supporters met fierce resistance. Opponents heckled, jailed,  and sometimes physically abused them. By 1916, almost all of the major suffrage organizations were united behind  the goal of a constitutional amendment. When New York adopted woman suffrage  in 1917 and President Wilson changed his position to support an amendment in  1918, the political balance began to shift. On May 21, 1919, the House of Representatives passed the amendment, and 2 weeks  later, the Senate followed. When Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the  amendment on August 18, 1920, the amendment passed its final hurdle of obtaining  the agreement of three-fourths of the states. Secretary of State Bainbridge  Colby certified the ratification on August 26, 1920, changing the face of the  American electorate forever. For more information, visit the National Archives’ Digital Classroom Teaching With Documents Lesson Plan: Woman  Suffrage and the 19th Amendment .


In 1961, the office of the Postmaster General of Australia introduced which emergency telephone number in major population centres and, near the end of the 1980s, extended the coverage nationwide?

000 emergency : definition of 000 emergency and synonyms of 000 emergency (English) "000" redirects here. It is not to be confused with OOO .   Main Triple Zero (000) Logo   TTY Emergency number for people with hearing or speech impairment (106) Logo Triple Zero (000) is the primary national emergency number in Australia . [1] The Emergency Call Service is operated by Telstra as a condition of its telecommunications licence, and is intended only for use in life-threatening or time-critical emergencies. Other emergency numbers in Australia are 112 for GSM mobile and satellite phones, which is answered by a Triple Zero (000) operator and 106 for TDD textphones . Triple Zero (000) was also the emergency number in Denmark and Finland until the introduction of the 112 number in 1993. For calls to the State Emergency Service the Australia wide number 132 500 can be used (except for in the Northern Territory). This number should only be used for non life threatening situations. Contents 6 External links   History Prior to 1969, Australia did not have a national number for emergency services; the police, fire and ambulance services possessed many phone numbers, one for each local unit. In 1961, the office of the Postmaster General (PMG) introduced the Triple Zero (000) number in major population centres and near the end of the 1980s extended its coverage to nationwide. The number Triple Zero (000) was chosen for several reasons: technically, it suited the dialling system for the most remote automatic exchanges, particularly outback Queensland. These communities used the digit 0 to select an automatic trunk line to a centre. In the most remote communities, two 0s had to be used to reach a main centre; thus dialling 0+0, plus another 0 would call (at least) an operator. Zero is closest to the finger stall on Australian rotary dial phones, so it was easy to dial in darkness. [2] 911 was previously considered as a potential emergency number, though existing numbering arrangements make this unfeasible due to homes and businesses being assigned numbers beginning with 911 [3] .   Calling Triple Zero (000) Calling Triple Zero (000) connects the caller to a Telstra operator who will then connect the caller to the emergency service organisation calltaker. Telstra operators do not take any details or dispatch services; instead they ask the caller if they require the "Police, Fire, Ambulance?" and their location if calling from a mobile phone or nomadic service (i.e. Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP). The caller is then connected to the relevant emergency service answer point as requested by the caller. As soon as the emergency service calltaker answers the call, the available caller location information is transferred to the emergency service. The emergency service calltaker will then query the caller for the relevant details and dispatch the required response. The caller's address is always available to Telstra operators for fixed services in Australia even if the number is "private" (except for VoIP services). However, emergency service organisation calltakers will always ask for the address of the emergency to be stated whenever possible to ensure an accurate location is provided [4] - this is especially important in the case of "third-party" callers who are not personally on the scene of the incident (e.g relatives or alarm monitoring corporations). When calling from a mobile telephone, callers should always attempt to provide accurate location details. This will assist emergency calltakers, and will expedite emergency service dispatch, as this information is not always readily available during the call. Within Australia, Triple Zero (000) is a free call from any telephone. Dialling Triple Zero (000) (or 112) on most Australian GSM mobile phones will override any keypad lock, and if the caller's home network is out of range, the phone will attempt to use other carrier's networks to relay the call. Interpreter services may also be available once connected to Emergency Services. Due to special configuration in their firmware, some 3G


"Who created the comic strip ""Doonesbury""?"

Doonesbury News Site News Tracking the D'bury Universe We won't post new stories on this page every day, but when we do put something up you have our word: It will be about the strip. Guaranteed. Doonesbury Artist, Lobbyist in Email Spat Chris Frates, Politico | Doonesbury Artist, Lobbyist in Email spat | May 15, 2011 Doonesbury cartoonist Garry Trudeau and lobbyist Lanny Davis are exchanging biting emails and copying POLITICO. The tussle began last Friday when Trudeau skewered Davis in the comic strip for representing Ivory Coast strongman Laurent Gbagbo...   Amanda Schwartz, The Wesleyan Argus | Zonker Harris Day Makes A Comeback | April 6, 2011 “The rumors are true,” said Vice President for Student Affairs Mike Whaley with a playful emphasis on “rumors.” Following a series of meetings with West College (WestCo) presidents for the past several years and members of the administration and Residential Life (ResLife), the administration has approved the rechristening of Zonker Harris Day, the arts and music festival that takes place in the WestCo courtyard during WesFest each year... Can Garry Trudeau, Jon Stewart Save Once-Legitimate TV News? Bob Dowling, TCPalm | Can Garry Trudeau, Jon Stewart Save Once-Legitimate TV News? | March 8, 2011 Cartoonist Garry Trudeau did a strip a few days ago showing the inanity of broadcast TV news. He drew Brian Williams, the NBC anchor, promoting an "exclusive look at an unfolding story" that would also be shown on sister sites MSNBC and CNBC. Williams teases the story up with more promotion ending with "more on us when our very own broadcast continues."... GBT On Charlie Rose: January 18, 2011 Garry Trudeau and Charlie Rose discuss the strip and 40: A Doonesbury Retrospective. Garry Trudeau, Artist Tom Tomorrow, Yale Alumni Magazine | Garry Trudeau, Artist | January 4, 2011 I have been reading Doonesbury for most of my life. At the age of 12, my understanding of the immediate post-Watergate era was largely shaped by the Doonesbury compilations I would read while standing unobtrusively in the aisles of University Book and Supply in Iowa City, Iowa. A few years later, when my parents had divorced and I ended up with my mom in rural Arkansas, a buddy and I would clip Doonesbury from the paper each morning and tape the strips together end to end, eventually forming long, unwieldy rolls of Garry Trudeau’s work. I don’t really remember what we found appealing about this awkward format, but thinking back on it, it’s hard not to think of those coiled Doonesbury collections as a lifeline out of my conservative Southern Baptist proto–Tea Party surroundings and into a more expansive world of possibility... PBS NewsHour: Garry Trudeau Looks Back on 40 Years of 'Doonesbury' Jeffrey Brown | NewsHour Interview | December 27, 2010 It's been 40 years since Garry Trudeau first drew the popular comic strip "Doonesbury." The Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist speaks with Jeffrey Brown about a new book chronicling his decades of work... Doonesbury and The Art of G.B. Trudeau Alan Gardner, The Daily Cartoonist | Doonesbury and the Art of G.B. Trudeau | December 22, 2010 I buy comic collections for a number of reasons. Pure entertainment, “behind the scenes” information, interesting comic history and love of the art (or humor). A good book satisfies more than one of these justifications. The latest Doonesbury book, Doonesbury and the Art of G.B. Trudeau by Brian Walker, hits all of them in spades. Think of the book as mashup of a Doonesbury strip collection, a Garry Trudeau biography, and a museum exhibit bound together in 270 pages... Garry Trudeau on The Colbert Report Garry Trudeau on The Colbert Report, Monday, December 6, 2010... NYTBR on 40: A Doonesbury Retrospective John Schwartz, The New York Times | NYTBR review of 40 | December 6, 2010 ”Doonesbury” has a centerfold, and it’s not Boopsie.    If you pick up the latest collection of comic strips by Garry Trudeau, you will be impressed by its heft — at nearly 11 pounds, it is not the floppy little compilation that fits neatly at


The English parliament met for the first time under that name in which century?

Changes under Edward I - UK Parliament Changes under Edward I Elizabethan Parliaments Changes under Edward I Edward I made the meeting of Parliament a more frequent event and over the course of his reign of 35 years (1272-1307) he summoned it on 46 occasions. For the first 20 years of his reign it met regularly - almost twice a year. From 1278 official records were kept of its proceedings and decisions, written up and sewn together in long scrolls, the Rolls of Parliament. Edward 1's first Parliament In 1275 Edward I called his first Parliament. He summoned nobles and churchmen, but also issued orders (known as writs) for the election of two representatives from each county (the knights of the shire) and two from each city or town (the burgesses) to attend. They were called on primarily to listen to and approve the King's plan for a new tax. Over the following years it became an accepted rule that the representatives of those who were going to be most affected by taxation had to give their consent to it in Parliament. Model Parliament However, the practice of summoning these representatives did not become standard for many years. The next time the burgesses were summoned along with the knights of the shire was in 1295. This was to become known as the Model Parliament, because its representation of two knights from each county and two burgesses from each town became normal for (almost) all future Parliaments. Parliament and taxation Parliament developed in the 13th and 14th centuries largely through the desire of Edward I and his successors to wage war. This needed more money than they had from their own wealth and they had to levy "extraordinary" taxes, with Parliament's assent, to raise the funds. But each time the King requested assent to a tax from Parliament, it could ask a favour back again and often used the King's desperation for money to get what it wanted. Representatives of the people Since January 1327 when Parliament removed Edward I's son, Edward II, from the throne every Parliament has included representatives of the people. The pattern was now set for Parliament always to comprise three bodies: Lords, Commons and the Monarch. External links The original parchment rolls of Parliament from the thirteenth century are at the National Archives at Kew.


Daniel Craig played Ted Hughes in what 2003 film?

Sylvia (2003) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Story of the relationship between the poets Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath. Director: a list of 37 titles created 16 Oct 2012 a list of 49 titles created 23 Sep 2013 a list of 29 titles created 01 Dec 2013 a list of 28 titles created 08 May 2014 a list of 48 titles created 18 May 2014 Search for " Sylvia " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. A talented professor is forced to come to terms with her clinical depression. Director: Sandra Nettelbeck A woman has a passionate affair with a man half her age, who is also sleeping with her daughter. Director: Roger Michell A pair of literary sleuths unearth the amorous secret of two Victorian poets only to find themselves falling under a passionate spell. Director: Neil LaBute While researching his book In Cold Blood, writer Truman Capote develops a close relationship with convicted murderers Dick Hickock and Perry Smith. Director: Douglas McGrath     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.8/10 X   The daughter of a brilliant but mentally disturbed mathematician, recently deceased, tries to come to grips with her possible inheritance: his insanity. Complicating matters are one of her father's ex-students, who wants to search through his papers, and her estranged sister, who shows up to help settle his affairs. Director: John Madden The story of how the novel "Mrs. Dalloway" affects three generations of women, all of whom, in one way or another, have had to deal with suicide in their lives. Director: Stephen Daldry A Brooklyn-set romantic drama about a bachelor torn between the family friend his parents wish he would marry and his beautiful but volatile new neighbor. Director: James Gray A London woman's love life and career both hinge, unknown to her, on whether or not she catches a train. We see it both ways, in parallel. Director: Peter Howitt Two men become entangled in a torrid love affair with the same woman. Pierre is Miriam's longtime lover. John is desperately searching for clues about his past when he and Miriam have a ... See full summary  » Director: Peter Sehr A small-town woman tries to achieve her goal of becoming a flight attendant. Director: Bruno Barreto This film is based on true events that happened on Achill Island off the West coast of Ireland, in The Valley House. Director: Cathal Black Two strangers become dangerously close after witnessing a deadly accident. Director: Roger Michell Edit Storyline In 1956, aspiring American poet Sylvia Plath meets fellow poet Edward Ted Hughes at Cambridge, where she is studying. Enthralled with the genius of his writing, Sylvia falls in love with him even before meeting him, and he quickly falls in love with her. They eventually marry. Sylvia quickly learns that others are also enthralled with her husband, for a combination of his good looks, charisma, fame and success. Sylvia lives in her husband's professional shadow as she tries to eke out her own writing career, which doesn't come as naturally to her as it does to Ted. She also suspects him of chronic infidelity. Both issues affect Sylvia's already fragile emotional state, she who once tried to commit suicide earlier in her life. Through her pain and her anger, she does gain minor success as a writer, with a completed semi-autobiographical novel and a few well received collection of poems. Following, she tries to regain some happiness in her life with Ted, but has an alternate plan if that... Written by Huggo Life was too small to contain her... Genres: Rated R for sexuality/nudity and language | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 31 October 2003 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Ted and Sylvia See more  » Filming Locations: $58,940        (USA) (17 October 2003) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia Most of the extras i


What is an ornamental string of feathers?

Feathers Feathers Feathers Feathers Highest Quality Natural Feathers for Floral Designing, Costuming & Millinery at discount prices. Ostrich, pheasant feathers, hackle feathers, marabou, feather boas and more. See all our handcrafted feather wings . Shopping Cart · About · Shipping · Contact · Customer Service: 7am - 5pm PST (M-F) | (831)768-8428 Copyright © 2016 Save-On-Crafts. All Rights Reserved. Designated trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners. Use of this website constitutes acceptance of the Save-On-Crafts Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.


According to Greek legend, which of the 9 muses was the muse of Comedy?

The Muses The Muses See More The Muses Pictures > The Muses were the Greek goddesses of inspiration in literature, science and the arts. They were the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (the personification of memory), and they were also considered water nymphs. Some scholars believed that the Muses were primordial goddesses, daughters of the Titans Uranus and Gaea . Personifications of knowledge and art, some of the arts of the Muses included Music, Science, Geography, Mathematics, Art, and Drama. They were usually invoked at the beginning of various lyrical poems, such as in the Homeric epics; this happened so that the Muses give inspiration or speak through the poet's words. There were nine Muses according to Hesiod, protecting a different art and being symbolised with a different item; Calliope (epic poetry - writing tablet), Clio (history - scroll), Euterpe (lyric poetry - aulos, a Greek flute), Thalia (comedy and pastoral poetry - comic mask), Melpomene (tragedy - tragic mask), Terpsichore (dance - lyre), Erato (love poetry - cithara, a Greek type of lyre), Polyhymnia (sacred poetry - veil), and Urania (astronomy - globe and compass). On the other hand, Varro mentions that only three Muses exist: Melete (practice), Mneme (memory) and Aoide (song). According to a myth, King Pierus of Macedon named his nine daughters after the Muses, thinking that they were better skilled than the goddesses themselves. As a result, his daughters, the Pierides, were transformed into magpies. The Muses Is also called Muse.


Where did the borzoi dog breed originate?

Borzoi Dog Breed Information, Pictures, Characteristics & Facts - Dogtime Dog Breed Group: Hound Dogs Height: 2 feet, 2 inches to 2 feet, 8 inches tall at the shoulder Weight: 55 to 105 pounds Life Span: 10 to 12 years With his tall, lean body, long, narrow head, and silky coat, the Borzoi is the picture of refinement and elegance. Borzois carry themselves proudly, and it's easy to envision them lounging in the palaces of Russian Tsars or swiftly running down a wolf in the Russian countryside. But before you bring a Borzoi to your palace, you need to decide if a Borzoi is right for you. Prized for their grace as well as their sweet dispositions, Borzoi are known for their speed, juxtaposed with a laidback personality. They prefer a quick sprint to long-distance running and are then satisfied to return indoors to relax on a favorite sofa. They're not what you'd call a high-energy dog. If you want to spend the day in bed or on the sofa, your Borzoi will be happy to spend it there with you. Despite his relaxed attitude and regal appearance, the Borzoi is not simply a beautiful showpiece for your home. This giant breed, whose height ranges from 28 to 32 inches, has a mind of his own and a desire for human companionship. He's not the best choice for people who are away from home for long hours every day. His luxurious double coat, which kept him warm during brutal Russian winters, sheds heavily. His size is also a consideration for people with small children. The Borzoi is gentle, but puppies are enthusiastic and may accidentally knock over a toddler in play. The Borzoi's athleticism serves him well in dog sports. Naturally, he's beautiful in the show ring, and he can also compete well in agility, obedience, and rally. But where he shines is in the lure coursing field, exercising his natural instinct to chase . In Western states, Borzoi are sometimes used in open field coursing to hunt jackrabbit, and some farmers use them against coyotes to protect their livestock. No longer a royal hunting companion, today the Borzoi's most important job is that of family friend. With his sweet, gentle demeanor, it's a job at which he excels. Highlights Borzoi are sighthounds and will chase anything that moves . They should never be allowed to run loose unless in a secure area. Borzoi can be sensitive to drugs, especially anesthetics, due to their lack of body fat. Make sure your vet is aware of this. The drug Ropum (Xylazine) should never be used for a Borzoi. Also, avoid exercising them on lawns that have been recently treated with fertilizer, insecticides, herbicides, or other chemicals. Borzoi can be fussy eaters. Borzoi can be prone to bloat . Feed frequent small meals and prevent heavy exercise after eating. Borzoi can be nervous around children and should be introduced to them at a young age if they will be in frequent contact with them. Borzoi bark infrequently and do not have strong guarding instincts. They make poor watchdogs as they cannot be relied upon to raise the alarm when an intruder is sighted. They can live successfully with cats and small animals if introduced to them at an early age. Some Borzoi only follow the "no chase" rule indoors and cannot resist the instinct to chase a running cat if outdoors. The Borzoi is not a common breed, so it may take some searching to find a breeder who has puppies. Be patient. To get a healthy dog, never buy a puppy from an irresponsible breeder, puppy mill, or pet store. Look for a reputable breeder who tests her breeding dogs to make sure they're free of genetic diseases that they might pass onto the puppies, and that they have sound temperaments. History Once known as the Russian Wolfhound, the Borzoi's written history can be traced to 1650, when the first standard for the breed was written in his homeland, Russia. Bred for hundreds of years by Russian nobles, the Borzoi is believed to have been developed from the early Russian bearhound, the coursing hounds of the Tatars, and the Owtchar, a tall sheepdog. The hunts of the nobles were quite the spectacle. They might involve more than


Who was the father of Queen Elizabeth II?

King George VI | Britroyals Full Name: Albert Frederick Arthur George Born: December 14, 1895 at Sandringham, Norfolk Parents: George V and Mary of Teck Relation to Elizabeth II: father House of: Windsor Ascended to the throne: Dec 11, 1936 aged 40 years Crowned: May 12, 1937 at Westminster Abbey Married: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Children: Two daughters Elizabeth and Margaret Died: February 6, 1952 at Sandringham, Norfolk, aged 56 years, 1 month, and 22 days Buried at: Windsor Reigned for: 15 years, 1 month, and 25 days Succeeded by: his daughter Elizabeth II Second son of George V he was named Albert after his great grandfather Prince Albert. As The Duke of York he had never expected or wished to succeed to the throne. He was naturally diffident and anxious, and suffered from a speech impediment. But he never lacked bravery or enterprise, and had a strong sense of Duty. He had fought as a young naval officer at the Battle of Jutland in World War I, and was the first member of the Royal Family to learn to fly. In 1923 he married Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. They had two daughters Elizabeth, know as �Lilibet� who later became Queen Elizabeth II, and Margaret Rose �Princess Margaret�. He became King George VI in December 1936 following the death of his father George V and the abdication of his brother. Fortified by the influence of his Queen, who swiftly acquired immense popularity in her own right, George VI coped with the aftermath of the abdication in a way that quickly restored confidence in the monarchy. When the horrors of World War II descended shortly after�wards on Britain, and on London in particular, the royal couple rose superbly to the occasion. Initially sceptical of Winston Churchill, the King and his Prime Minister soon developed a close personal working relationship and they met regularly to discuss the progress of the War. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth stayed at what they and their subjects saw as their posts all through the Blitz, and showed love and care for their people in gestures that stilled the meanest critics. They narrowly escaped death when bombs exploded beside Buckingham Palace. Their daughters served in uniform, and the identification of the Royal Family with the national will was complete. Following the War Britain entered a time of economic austerity and the British Empire began to be replaced by the Commonwealth of Nations as former colonies including India became independent. The war effort had been crushing and the King�s health was permanently affected. He had been a heavy smoker and in 1951 had his left lung removed. He died suddenly in the winter of 1952. King George VI's Signature


What branch of the British military wear red caps?

The Royal Military Police The Military Mounted Police and Military Foot Police In July 1855, 21 NCO's and men drawn from the 2nd Dragoon Guards, 3rd Light Dragon, 15th Hussar and 17th Hussar were employed as a Corps of the Military Mounted Police. Their immediate duty was the preservation of good order and discipline in the army. During 1861 Major Thomas Trout was commissioned from the ranks of the military police as Provost Marshal. This was an exceptional case, but in fact the next four Provost Marshals all appear to have risen from the ranks. There were Captain W. Silk (1881), Major C. Broackes (1885), Major J.L. Emerson (1894) and Major J.W.M. Wood (1898). The spouse of Maj Broackes had such an interest in the provost that she saw the necessity for military police to stand out from other soldiers and to be recognisable from a distance. It is widely said that it was she who proposed the distinctive red cap cover, still in use by the RMP and other military police forces around the world From the formation of the Military Mounted Police in 1855, the Military Mounted Police grew in number as well as in the scope of duties. In 1877, the Military Mounted Police became a permanent corps of the British Army. 1887 saw the establishment of the Military Mounted Police (MMP) for service at home and abroad, and in 1882 during the Egyptian War the Military Foot Police (MFP), manned by selected cavalry non-commissioned officers with experience as regimental police, was raised for service in Egypt. The MMP was similar to the "Cape Mounted Police" before the establishment of the Union of South Africa. The MFP did not, however, become a permanent corps for service within Britain until 1885 when the corps began to expand; and the MMP and the MFP became two distinct organisations, each with its own promotion rosters, but essentially all part of the same corps. During 1899 members of the MMP and MFP were sent to South Africa, where they earned three DCM's (Distinguished Conduct Medal) during the Second Anglo-Boer War. The above photograph, found in "The Anglo-Boer Wars 1815-1902" by Michael Barthorp purports to illustrate a Major Campbell (mounted) and three members of his military police at the Pretoria, South Africa garrison during 1881. At this time there were four companies of the 2/21st, one of the 94th and its mounted infantry, two Royal Artillery guns and some Royal Engineers. The MP on the left has his buttons grouped in threes, whilst the other two have theirs grouped singly. Their belts are probably white leather, and they each have cuff embroidery. The Corps of Military Foot Police was recruited from other corps and regiments of the British Army. The man had to be of good character and have at least one good conduct badge and have 4 years' service. There were no privates in the corps, each man transferred being raised to the rank of corporal. On the outbreak of war with the Boer republics in 1899, nearly all Britain's 300 military policemen were dispatched to South Africa. They went from MP units in the United Kingdom, Malta and Egypt, to be employed under the Provost Marshal on a wide range of duties over and above their peace time tasks. These included the supervision of civil police forces; the care of prisoners of war in transit to prisons and camps; the provision of guards for important places; the issue of permits and passes, and the confiscation of arms and ammunition. It can be assumed that each part of the Imperial Forces had their own Provost Marshal, since the Provost Marshal of the Natal Field Force, under command of General Sir Redvers Buller, was one Alan Cunningham. When the British took the war into the Boer republics, the Boers forces responded by waging a hit-and-run guerrilla war. Ranging the countryside on sturdy ponies, the Boer 'commandos' proved difficult to defeat until Lord Kitchener devised new tactics which included destroying farms supplying the enemy, and the detention of Boer families in 'concentration camps'. The first move led to an outbreak of ill-discipline and looting, unofficially condon


"John Lennon and Yoko Ono staged their famous ""bed ins"" for peace In which two cities in 1969?"

Watch the film BED PEACE starring John Lennon & Yoko Ono ✩✩✩ FREE ✩✩✩ – IMAGINE PEACE In 1969, John and I were so naïve to think that doing the Bed-In would help change the world. Well, it might have. But at the time, we didn’t know. It was good that we filmed it, though. The film is powerful now. What we said then could have been said now. In fact, there are things that we said then in the film, which may give some encouragement and inspiration to the activists of today. Good luck to us all. It’s up to us, and nobody else. John would have wanted to say that. GIVE PEACE A CHANCE IMAGINE PEACE: Think PEACE, Act PEACE, Spread PEACE. Love, About BED PEACE 1969 was the year that John & Yoko intensified their long running campaign for World Peace. They approached the task with the same entrepreneurial expertise as an advertising agency selling a brand of soap powder to the masses. John & Yoko’s product however was PEACE, not soft soap, and they were determined to use any slogan, event and gimmick in order to persuade the World to buy it. BED PEACE (directed by Yoko & John and filmed by Nic Knowland) is a document of the Montreal events and features John & Yoko in conversation with, amongst others, The World Press, satirist Al Capp , activist Dick Gregory , comedian Tommy Smothers , protesters at Berkeley’s People’s Park , Rabbi Abraham L. Feinberg , quiltmaker Christine Kemp , psychologists Timothy Leary & Rosemary Leary , CFOX DJs Charles P. Rodney Chandler & Roger Scott , producer André Perry , journalist Ritchie Yorke , DJ & Promoter Murray The K , filmmaker Jonas Mekas , publicist Derek Taylor & personal assistant Anthony Fawcett . Featured songs are Plastic Ono Band’s GIVE PEACE A CHANCE & INSTANT KARMA, Yoko’s REMEMBER LOVE & WHO HAS SEEN THE WIND & John’s acoustic version of BECAUSE. THE PEACE POLITICIAN – THE BED-INS-AMSTERDAM AND MONTREAL By Anthony Fawcett from his book ‘ One Day At A Time ’ “The actual peace event we staged came directly from Yoko. She had decided that whatever action she took, she took for a specific reason. Her reason was peace. I’d been singing about love, which I guess was another word for peace. Our actual peace demonstrations were Yoko-style events. They were also pure theatre. The Bed sit-in in Canada was one of the nicest ones, and I participated almost like a spectator because it was Yoko’s way of demonstrating.” (John Lennon, 1975) Once Yoko had shown John a way in which they could demonstrate, he was able to use all his influence as a Beatle and as a public figure, enhanced, of course, by his beguiling rhetoric, his tremendous reserve of energy and capacity for endurance. John’s motive was primarily to do something constructive with the constant publicity given to anything and everything he did. Their objective was to turn the Bed-In into an event that would have maximum effect through the widest coverage. “We worked for three months thinking out the most functional approach to boosting peace before we got married, and spent our honeymoon talking to the press in bed in Amsterdam,” Yoko explained. “For us, it was the only way. We can’t go out in Trafalgar Square because it would create a riot. We can’t lead a parade or a march because of all the autograph hunters. We had to find our own way of doing it, and for now Bed-Ins seem to be the most logical way. We think the Bed-In can be effective.” The first Bed-In took place after John and Yoko’s secret marriage in Gibraltar on March 20, 1969. They picked Gibraltar after having tried to get married everywhere else first, and also, John said, because it was quiet, friendly, and British. Two days later they were ensconced in Suite 902 of the Amsterdam Hilton and word quickly got out that the Lennons were spending seven days of their honeymoon in bed for peace and as a protest against all forms of violence. The world’s press were formally invited to interview them to discuss their campaign. Identically dressed in white robes, John and Yoko sat in an enormous king size bed in the Grand Bedroom of the Presidential Suite, surrounded by flowers, pos


Antonia Robinson and Anna Valentine, London designers who work under the name Robinson Valentine, designed a cream-coloured dress and coat worn by whom at her wedding to Prince Charles on 9 April 2005?

Wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles | British Royal Family Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia British Royal Family Wiki Wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles 75pages on Wedding dress of Camilla Parker-Bowles Artist Year 2005 The wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles is the wedding dress worn by Camilla Parker Bowles at her wedding with Prince Charles on 9 April 2005 at Windsor Guildhall . She wore an elegant cream silk dress and matching oyster silk basket weave coat . The Wedding dress of Camilla Parker-Bowles Artist Year 2005 silk chiffon dress was hemmed with vertical rows of Swiss-made appliqued woven disks. She completed the outfit with pale beige suede court shoes with almond-colored toes designed by L. K. Bennet , a Philip Treacy wide-brimmed cream-coloured straw hat overlaid with ivory French lace and feathers, and a purse made from embossed calf leather with a half flap closing and suede lining, from Launer’s “East/West” collection. Work on the outfit began on 21 February 2005, and the final fitting was made on 5 April. For the blessing afterward, she wore a floor -length embroidered pale blue and gold coat over a matching chiffon gown and a dramatic spray of golden feathers in her hair. Both ensembles were by Antonia Robinson and Anna Valentine , London designers who work under the name "Robinson Valentine". They reportedly wanted a “crisp clean look with subtle detailing” for the dress.


Karoo Fossils and Reptiles karoo fossils and reptiles Events Archive Fossils & Reptiles Of The Great Karoo Starting at bedrock the story of the Great Karoo goes back 270 million years to when the central part of' South Africa was a low-lying basin ringed by high lying land and covered by a thick mantle of slow-moving ice. With the coming of a warmer, wetter climate an enormously long period of alternating low and high rainfall seasons settled over South Africa. This period saw the development of a luxurious plant life and the appearance of now long-extinct animals. With the passing of millions of years sand, mud and clay, often containing the fossil remains of animals and plants, were pressured and hardened into a series of rock layers, or strata, thousands of metres thick. The countryside formed from these deposits is today known in the Cape as The Karoo, while the series as a whole is known to geologists as the Karoo System. This, in turn, is divided into several series that are, from oldest to youngest, the Dwyka, the Ecca, the Beaufort and the Stormberg series. On the left is a photo of a Diictodon fossil (reptile-like mammal) found in the Karoo National Park. This fossil is approximately 240 million years old. (Dr F Durand) It is from the beds of the younger geological series that have come the fascinating fossils, which have led to the Karoo's recognition as one of the biggest and most important fossil deposits in the world.   Painstaking pre-historical detective work done by such famed fossickers as the late Dr Robert Broom has vividly repopulated the dim distant Karoo with the grim and grotesque monsters which lumbered, grazed and fought in its primeval marshlands and rivers; animals such as the Pareiasaurus, a fearsome-looking cross between a hippopotamus and a crocodile which was preyed upon by the even more hideous titanosuchids, therocephalians and the smaller gorgonopsians. It is strange today to think of the Karoo's lonely landscape echoing with the shrieks and bellows of battling dinosaurs, stranger to realise that while these scaly monsters were fighting for supremacy a new type of animal, no larger than a rat, had appeared on the Karoo scene to announce the beginning of the first true mammals. The Karoo's evolutionary scenario had a dramatic curtain when the semi-desert habitat experienced cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, which poured vast rivers of molten lava over the countryside, destroying all animal and plant life. At the end of this volcanic activity a period of erosion started which gradually stripped away land surfaces to expose the entire Karoo succession - a petrified showcase of entombed plants and animals - in a process that is still going on. For the visitor this area offers a treasure chest of information. Various tour operators specialise in fossil tours. About the Karoo


Obsidian, caused naturally when lava cools very quickly, is what type of substance?

Obsidian Obsidian By Jim Miller, B.Sc., M.Sc. Geology*   Obsidian...even the name is exotic. Ever since I had my first rock collection as a child, I've loved obsidian. Sharp and shiny, obsidian is so different from other rocks. But until a few years ago when I made my first obsidian collecting trip to Glass Buttes, Oregon, I thought obsidian was pretty much just black glass. That amazing trip really opened my eyes. The ancient volcanic hills called Glass Buttes hold a dazzling variety of gem-quality obsidian, including: mahogany, red, flame, midnight lace, jet black, pumpkin, brown, rainbow, gold sheen, silver sheen, green, lizard skin, snowflake and more. My goal in this article is to increase your awareness of some of the more fascinating aspects of this incredible stone.   matrix . When I say "crystals," don't visualize those beautiful pointed prisms of quartz found in geodes. All rocks consist of mixtures of various crystalline minerals.  When crystallization occurs, the atoms that comprise a mineral become arranged in regular, geometric patterns that are unique to the specific mineral. Crystal faces form only where there is enough open space in the rock mass to allow the natural geometric forms of the crystals to develop as free faces. Granite is composed entirely of intergrown crystals of quartz, feldspar, mica and other minerals. These relatively large mineral crystals (easily visible to the naked eye) give granite a rough surface.   Like all glass and some other types of naturally occurring rocks, obsidian breaks with a characteristic "conchoidal" fracture. This smooth, curved type of fracture surface occurs because of the near-absence of mineral crystals in the glass. The intersections of conchoidal fracture surfaces can be sharper than a razor. This had obvious advantages for our Stone Age ancestors, who used obsidian extensively for tool making.   rhyolite , which also were originally molten. Because obsidian is not comprised of mineral crystals, technically obsidian is not a true "rock." It is really a congealed liquid with minor amounts of microscopic mineral crystals and rock impurities. Obsidian is relatively soft with a typical of 5 to 5.5 on the mineral hardness scale. In comparison, quartz (crystallized silicon dioxide) has a hardness of 7.0.   Obsidian occurs only where geologic processes create volcanoes and where the chemical composition of the magma is rich in silica. Obsidian-bearing volcanoes are typically located in or near areas of crustal instability or mountain building. In North America, obsidian is found only in localized areas of the West, where the processes of plate tectonics have created geologic conditions favorable to volcanism and the of obsidian. Obsidian typically forms near the end of a volcanic cycle and is often associated with domes of volcanic rock, such as the hills of Glass Buttes, Oregon.   If obsidian is similar in composition to granite and rhyolite, both of which were originally molten, then why is obsidian glassy? The answer relates to the original cooling rate and water content of the magma. Granite cools very slowly miles below the surface of the earth; this slow cooling over millions of years allows for the formation of sizable mineral crystals within the slowly cooling mass of molten rock. Rhyolite typically cools more rapidly near the earth's surface and contains smaller mineral crystals than granite.  When rhyolite magma approaches the earth's surface and the pressure of burial decreases, most of the water in the magma is lost as steam. The resulting silica-rich magma with little remaining water becomes very viscous (thick and pasty) obsidian magma. This magma is so viscous that sizable mineral crystals cannot grow before chilling of the magma "freezes" crystal development.   Some obsidian is erupted as lava flows at the ground surface. These surface flows are so viscous that they flow very slowly. One article I read indicated that "an ant could probably outrun an obsidian , a glassy, bubble-rich


Which Greek city was also known as Lacedaemon?

Sparta - Ancient History - HISTORY.com Google Spartan Society Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon, was an ancient Greek city-state located primarily in the present-day region of southern Greece called Laconia. The population of Sparta consisted of three main groups: the Spartans, or Spartiates, who were full citizens; the Helots, or serfs/slaves; and the Perioeci, who were neither slaves nor citizens. The Perioeci, whose name means “dwellers-around,” worked as craftsmen and traders, and built weapons for the Spartans. Did You Know? The word “spartan” means self-restrained, simple, frugal and austere. The word laconic, which means pithy and concise, is derived from the Spartans, who prized brevity of speech. All healthy male Spartan citizens participated in the compulsory state-sponsored education system, the Agoge, which emphasized obedience, endurance, courage and self-control. Spartan men devoted their lives to military service, and lived communally well into adulthood. A Spartan was taught that loyalty to the state came before everything else, including one’s family. The Helots, whose name means “captives,” were fellow Greeks, originally from Laconia and Messenia, who had been conquered by the Spartans and turned into slaves. The Spartans’ way of life would not have been possible without the Helots, who handled all the day-to-day tasks and unskilled labor required to keep society functioning: They were farmers, domestic servants, nurses and military attendants. Spartans, who were outnumbered by the Helots, often treated them brutally and oppressively in an effort to prevent uprisings. Spartans would humiliate the Helots by doing such things as forcing them to get debilitatingly drunk on wine and then make fools of themselves in public. (This practice was also intended to demonstrate to young people how an adult Spartan should never act, as self-control was a prized trait.) Methods of mistreatment could be far more extreme: Spartans were allowed to kill Helots for being too smart or too fit, among other reasons. The Spartan Military Unlike such Greek city-states as Athens, a center for the arts, learning and philosophy, Sparta was centered on a warrior culture. Male Spartan citizens were allowed only one occupation: solider. Indoctrination into this lifestyle began early. Spartan boys started their military training at age 7, when they left home and entered the Agoge. The boys lived communally under austere conditions. They were subjected to continual physical, competitions (which could involve violence), given meager rations and expected to become skilled at stealing food, among other survival skills. The teenage boys who demonstrated the most leadership potential were selected for participation in the Crypteia, which acted as a secret police force whose primary goal was to terrorize the general Helot population and murder those who were troublemakers. At age 20, Spartan males became full-time soldiers, and remained on active duty until age 60. The Spartans’ constant military drilling and discipline made them skilled at the ancient Greek style of fighting in a phalanx formation. In the phalanx, the army worked as a unit in a close, deep formation, and made coordinated mass maneuvers. No one soldier was considered superior to another. Going into battle, a Spartan soldier, or hoplite, wore a large bronze helmet, breastplate and ankle guards, and carried a round shield made of bronze and wood, a long spear and sword. Spartan warriors were also known for their long hair and red cloaks. Spartan Women and Marriage Spartan women had a reputation for being independent-minded, and enjoyed more freedoms and power than their counterparts throughout ancient Greece. While they played no role in the military, female Spartans often received a formal education, although separate from boys and not at boarding schools. In part to attract mates, females engaged in athletic competitions, including javelin-throwing and wrestling, and also sang and danced competitively. As adults, Spartan women were allowed to own and manage property. Additio


"Who is the main character in ""Blondie"", a comic strip which appeared around 1933, who was originally heir to a fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper, Blondie Boopadoop?"

Welcome to Paper Trail Paper Trail 1944 Dagwood and Blondie cutouts from the Blondie cutout book Dagwood Bumstead is a main character in comic artist Chic Young's long-running comic strip Blondie. He first appeared sometime prior to 17 February 1933. He was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J.C. Dithers & Company (currently as the construction company's office manager) to support his family. The Bumsteads' first baby, Alexander, was originally named Baby Dumpling. The name of his younger sister, Cookie, was chosen by readers in a national contest. The family circle is rounded out by Daisy the dog. The origin of both Dagwood's last name and Daisy's name came from Chic Young's long-time friend Arthur Bumstead and his dog, Daisy. Add this product to your cart below Product


Site officiel de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV) Contact Welcome to Paris-Sorbonne Paris-Sorbonne University is the main inheritor of the old Sorbonne, which dates back to the 13th century. It was one of the first universities in the world. The largest institution in France dedicated to the study of literature, languages, civilizations, arts, humanities and social sciences is located on the original medieval foundations, and now extends to the Latin Quarter and to other areas in Paris. The University is characterized by rich culture and tradition with top-quality researchers. Its excellent scientific reputation is demonstrated by regular publications and international exchanges. Paris-Sorbonne seeks to constantly adapt to present-day social and technological changes and to encourage as many students as possible to study at Paris-Sorbonne while preparing for their future careers. The Sorbonne incites its students to think freely, to construct their own judgment so that they can become responsible and inventive citizens who can promote dignity and a culture of peace. 2010 - Université Paris-Sorbonne


The Colorado beetle destroys what kind of crop?

Colorado potato beetle - Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) common name: Colorado potato beetle scientific name: Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) common name: false potato beetle scientific name: Leptinotarsa juncta (Germar) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Introduction (Back to Top) True potato beetles are members of the genus Leptinotarsa, with more than 40 species throughout North and South America, including at least 10 species found north of Mexico. While most species north of Mexico are found in the southwestern United States, two species are found either  in the eastern states or throughout most of the United States (Arnett 2002). The more notable of these two is the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), which is a serious pest of potatoes and other solanaceous plants. Figure 1. Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), feeding on foliage. Photograph by David Cappaert, Michigan State University, www.insectimages.org . The Colorado potato beetle was first discovered by Thomas Nuttal in 1811. and described in 1824 by Thomas Say from specimens collected in the Rocky Mountains on buffalo-bur, Solanum rostratum Ramur. The insect's association with the potato plant, Solanum tuberosum (L.), was not known until about 1859 when it began destroying potato crops about 100 miles west of Omaha, Nebraska. The insect began its rapid spread eastward, reaching the Atlantic Coast by 1874. The evolution of the name Colorado potato beetle is curious because the beetle is believed to have originated in central Mexico, not Colorado. It had a series of names from 1863 to 1867, including the ten-striped spearman,  ten-lined potato beetle potato-bug, and new potato bug. Colorado was not associated  with the insect until Walsh (1865) stated that two of his colleagues had seen large numbers of the insect in the territory of Colorado feeding on buffalo-bur. This convinced him that it was native to Colorado. It was Riley (1867) who first used the combination Colorado potato beetle. Distribution (Back to Top) The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), occurs in Mexico and in most of the United States (except Alaska, California, Hawaii, and Nevada), including Florida. It was first reported in Florida in 1920, but it is not often a major pest. It also occurs in southern Canada and is a pest in Central America. The species has been introduced into Europe and parts of Asia (Capinera 2001). The false potato beetle, Leptinotarsa juncta (Germar), is found primarily in the eastern United States from northern Florida to eastern Texas (with only Sabine County reported as of 2005) (Quinn 2008), north to Missouri, southern Illinois and Indiana, and east to Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. Description (Back to Top) The genus Leptinotarsa is assigned to the tribe Doryphorini containing three genera in the United States, recognized by having the procoxal cavities open behind, and simple claws separate at the base and usually divergent. Species of Leptinotarsa are recognized by the following features: maxillary palpi (mouthparts) with apical segment shorter than preceding, truncate; mesosternum not raised above the level of prosternum; profemur of male simple. Two species of Leptinotarsa occur in Florida: Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the Colorado potato beetle, and Leptinotarsa juncta, the false potato beetle. The latter incorrectly has been called the false Colorado potato beetle because of its similarity to Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Adults: The adults measure about 3/8 inch long and are yellowish-orange with multiple black stripes down the back with five per elytron (Wilkerson et al. 2005). They are robust and oval in shape when viewed from above. The head has a triangular black spot and the thorax has irregular dark markings (Capinera 2001). In Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the pale yellow elytra are outlined in black, with each elytron having five vittae (broad longitudinal stripes). Vitta 1 is shorter than other four and adjacent


Which is the strait between mainland Australia and Tasmania?

Tasmania travel guide - Wikitravel National Parks[ edit ] Tasmania has some of the most beautiful and diverse scenery not just in Australia but also the world. Over 45 percent of Tasmania is protected in national parks so you can't make a visit here without checking at least a couple of national parks out. There's a park for every season and for every person. Discover spectacular landscapes from highlands carved by glaciers, to quiet solitary beaches, from cool and silent rainforests, to colourful alpine wilderness wildflowers. Tasmania's 19 national parks encompass a diversity of unspoiled habitats and ecosystems which offer refuge to unique, and often ancient, plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. Cradle Mountain in Tasmania, a World Heritage site By ferry[ edit ] Crossing the Tasman Sea by cruise ship Tasmania is served by two Spirit of Tasmania Ferries from mainland Australia. They depart daily from Station Pier in Port Melbourne (a bayside suburb of Melbourne) and arrive at Devonport taking the full night (or the full day during peak summer periods) for the crossing. The crossing can be a little rocky at times, but provides beautiful views. You have the option of booking one of a range of a cabins or a reclining chair for the journey. The large ferries take vehicles, bikes, foot passengers and pets. See the Devonport article for the details of the ferry. Crossings are also part of Cruise ship itineraries. Rental car companies usually have restrictions on taking vehicles into or out of Tasmania on the ferry. If you have hired a car on the mainland and need a car to hire in Tasmania, it's best to drop the car off in Melbourne CBD (there is no hire car dropoff at Station Pier), then take the 109 tram out to Station Pier (the terminus is across the road from the ferry terminal); car hire is available at the Devonport terminal. By car[ edit ] Getting around Tasmania by car is by far the most convenient way to see what the state has to offer. Cars can be brought into Tasmania from the mainland on the Spirit of Tasmania ferry (see above), or hired upon arrival by the major operators such as Redspot , Hertz and Avis . With the exception of Highway 1 between Devonport , Launceston and Hobart , travel times by car will be much longer than you think. The state limit is 110km/h, though achieving that speed on some of the coastal or inland highways is not often possible, and the speed limit of some of those roads may only be up to 90km/h anyway. Many major roads wind their way through mountain passes and along coastlines, with few overtaking lanes, and some major sections of more remote road may be in need of minor repair. Seek local advice if timing is critical, or just allow more time. What appears the most direct road can add hours to your journey time. Again, seek local advice on the quickest route if timing is critical. Also be aware that on some of the winding roads, or on B roads, some locals (who are used to driving those roads) may try to overtake on inappropriate stretches of road or start to tailgate you if you aren't travelling at the speed limit. If you are concerned or feel uncomfortable, it is usually best to pull over where safe and allow them to pass. Tasmania uses an alphanumeric system for road references, and all roads are generally well marked with references and destinations. Attractions are generally well signposted from the nearest main road. As a result, it is quite possible to navigate most of Tasmania using only a rudimentary map. Exploring the forests can often lead to a maze of forest roads. A GPS can come in handy for finding your way out, but beware GPS maps are not always up to date and following them blindly can add unnecessary time to travel. Some indicative travel times, not including any rest periods: Hobart to Launceston: 2h20m (199km) Hobart to Devonport: 3h30m (279km) Hobart to Cockle Creek: 2h10m (117km) Hobart to Stanley: 4h30m (402km) Hobart to Queenstown: 3h40m (259km) By bus[ edit ] If you have plenty of time in Tasmania, buses can be an option, but you would be advised to


The Kalahari Desert in Africa stretches across South Africa, Botswana and which other country?

Kalahari Desert | Namibia Kalahari Desert Resources While Namibia is more famous for being the home of the Namib Desert , it must be remembered that much of eastern and southern Namibia is covered by another - the Kalahari Desert. The Kalahari is not a true desert as it receives too much rain, but it is actually a fossil desert. So do not expect to find the tall sand dunes associated with Sossusvlei , the landscape is more one of golden grass and small red dunes. The Kalahari Desert - or Kgalagadi, as it is known in Botswana – stretches across 7 countries – Botswana, Zambia, the Republic of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It's coverage in Namibia is called a ‘desert' principally because it's porous, sandy soils cannot retain surface water, but in some areas annual rainfall can be as high as 250mm, which accounts for the luxuriant grass cover during good years. As the Namibian area of the Kalahari Desert is covered with trees, ephemeral rivers and fossil watercourses, the reasonably regular rainfall patterns that occur every year do allow for huge numbers of mammals , birds , reptiles and amphibians , plant life and insects to thrive. In terms of vegetation most of the southern segment is taken up with camelthorn , red ebony and other acacias, and towards the centre silver terminalia and shrubs are common. Farther north, where the climate is wetter, the acacia gives way to bush savannah and dry woodland of kiaat (also known as wild teak) Zambezi teak (also called mkusi or Rhodesian teak) wild seringa (formerly Rhodesian ash) manketti, shiwi and other magnificent timber species. Large numbers of Tamboti trees grow in the Grootfontein area. The quiver tree (Aloe dichotoma) A. hereroensis and A. littoralis are 3 species of aloe that also occur here. The bush and grass of the Kalahari Desert provide perfect ambush cover for cheetah to get within sprinting distance of springbok , hare and porcupine .  Giraffes can go without drinking water for several weeks and browse various Acacia species for additional sustenance. Zebra graze leaves, grass, bark and roots throughout the area and gemsbok , surely one of Namibia's most remarkable mammals, obtains sufficient moisture from leaves and grasses. Black-backed jackal scavenge for carrion, kill young livestock (as do caracal) and otherwise survive on insects, birds and rodents and if the opportunity presents itself, small antelope. Black-footed cats prefer short to medium-length grass. Primates such as the lesser bushbaby and vervet monkey , the insect-eating aardwolf and other mammals including honey badger, meerkat and yellow mongoose , are all denizens of the Kalahari Desert. Arnhem Caves , one of the largest cave systems in Africa, is situated close to Windhoek on the edge of this famous semi-barren land. A visit to it's surrounding famous red sands are well-worth the effort. The giant leaf-nosed bat , the largest insect-eating bat in the world, can be found here as well as other sorts of cave wall clingers. After mammals, birding comes a close second for many wildlife enthusiasts visiting Namibia . Species are many and varied and the Kalahari is a superb birding destination, especially to watch raptors. Expect to see martial eagle , brown snake eagle , black-breasted snake eagle, white-backed and lappet-faced vulture . The red-necked falcon will swallow swallows, snakes, bats and rodents. An interesting sight is the huge nests, housing  colonies of sociable weaver birds , these nests often completely dominate the large acacia trees or telegraph poles on which they are built. The area is also home to crimson-breasted shrike , rosy-faced lovebird, Gaber goshawk, pygmy falcon and ant-eating chats , the rolling dunes and deep Kalahari sands provide ample birding and photographic opportunities. A desert wouldn't be a desert without reptiles and scorpions. The Kalahari purple-glossed snake live in sandy soils and round-headed worm lizards shelter under stones in both sandy and bushveld


An astrolabe was used for astrology, navigation and what else?

Navigation - Astrolabe   Astrolabe The astrolabe is a very ancient      astronomical computer for solving      problems relating to time and the      position of the Sun and stars in the      sky. Evidence suggests that the history of the astrolabe begins more      than two thousand years ago.  The      principles behind the astrolabe projection      were almost certainly known before 150 B.C.,      but the first known astrolabe is      believed to have been developed in      Alexandria about 160 B.C. by a Greek man      named Hipparchus.  A      marriage of the planisphere and dioptra,      the astrolabe was effectively an analog      calculator capable of working out      several different kinds of problems in      spherical astronomy. Theon of Alexandria      wrote a detailed treatise on the      astrolabe, and Lewis (2001) argues that      Ptolemy used an astrolabe to make the      astronomical observations recorded in      the Tetrabiblos. Since that first      model history has recorded many      variations of astrolabes, including a      traditional design for use on land, the      Mariner's Astrolabe and the Universal      Astrolabe, just to name a few.  By far the most popular type      is the planispheric astrolabe, on which      the celestial sphere is projected onto      the plane of the equator. There is often      some confusion between the traditional      astrolabe and the mariner's astrolabe.  While the traditional astrolabe could be      useful for determining latitude on land,      it is an awkward instrument for use on      the heaving deck of a ship or in wind.  The mariner's astrolabe was developed to      address these issues by simplifying the      devices functionality and compacting      it's design. Astrolabes are used to show how the sky      looks at a specific place at a given      time.  This is done by drawing the sky on      the face of the astrolabe and marking it      so positions in the sky are easy to      find. To use an astrolabe, you adjust      the moveable components to a specific      date and time. Once set, the entire sky,      both visible and invisible, is      represented on the face of the      instrument. This allows a great many      astronomical problems to be solved in a      very visual way. The astrolabe quickly became the      dominant historical astronomical      instrument used by classical      astronomers, navigators, and      astrologers.  Its many uses included      locating and predicting the positions of      the Sun, Moon, planets and stars;      determining local time given local      latitude and vice-versa; surveying; and      triangulation. Brass      astrolabes were developed in the      medieval Islamic world, chiefly as an      aid to navigation and as a way of      finding the qibla, the direction of      Mecca. The first person credited with      building the astrolabe in the Islamic      world is reportedly the 8th century      Persian mathematician al-Fazari. The      mathematical background was established      by the Arab astronomer al-Battani in his      treatise Kitab az-Zij (ca. 920 AD),      which was translated into Latin by Plato      Tiburtinus (De Motu Stellarum). The      earliest surviving astrolabe is dated AH      315 (927/8 AD). In the Islamic world,      astrolabes were used to find the times      of sunrise and the rising of fixed      stars, to help schedule morning prayers      (salat). In the 10th century, al-Sufi      first described over 1,000 different      uses of an astrolabe, in areas as      diverse as astronomy, astrology,      horoscopes, na


Which country, after Sultan Hussein Shah signed a treaty with the British East India Company on 6 February 1819, officially became a British colony on 2 August 1824 by a new treaty with the Sultan and the Temmenggong?

Stunning Singapore | History Main article: History of Singap… | Flickr Main article: Early history of Singapore Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, early founder of Singapore   The first records of settlement in Singapore are from the 2nd century AD.[27] The island was an outpost of the Sumatran Srivijaya empire and originally had the Javanese name Temasek ('sea town'). Between the 16th and early 19th centuries, Singapore was part of the Sultanate of Johor. In 1613, Portuguese raiders burnt down the settlement at the mouth of Singapore River and the island sank into obscurity for the next two centuries. British colonial rule Main article: Founding of modern Singapore See also: Singapore in the Straits Settlements   On 29 January 1819, Thomas Stamford Raffles landed on the main island in Singapore. Spotting its potential as a strategic trading post for Southeast Asia, Raffles signed a treaty with Sultan Hussein Shah on behalf of the British East India Company on 6 February 1819 to develop the southern part of Singapore as a British trading post and settlement.[28]   Until 1824, Singapore was still a territory controlled by a Malay Sultan. It officially became a British colony on 2 August 1824 when John Crawfurd, the second resident of Singapore, officially made the whole island a British possession by signing a treaty with Sultan Hussein Shah in which the Sultan and the Temmenggong handed it over to the British East India Company. In 1826 it became part of the Straits Settlements, a British colony. By 1869, 100,000 people lived on the island.[28] World War II and post-war period Main article: Japanese occupation of Singapore Victorious Imperial Japanese Army troops marching through downtown Singapore City after British capitulation.   During World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Malaya, culminating in the Battle of Singapore. The British were defeated in six days, and surrendered the supposedly impregnable fortress to General Tomoyuki Yamashita on 15 February 1942. The surrender was described by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill as "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history".[29] The Sook Ching massacre of ethnic Chinese after the fall of Singapore claimed between 5,000 and 25,000 lives.[30] The Japanese renamed Singapore Shōnantō (昭南島?), from Japanese "Shōwa no jidai ni eta minami no shima" ("昭和の時代に得た南の島"?), or "southern island obtained in the age of Shōwa", and occupied it until the British repossessed the island on 12 September 1945, a month after the Japanese surrender.   Following the war, the British government allowed Singapore to hold its first general election, in 1955, which was won by a pro-independence candidate, David Marshall, leader of the Labour Front party, who became Chief Minister.   Demanding complete self-rule, Marshall led a delegation to London, but was refused by the British. He resigned upon return, and was replaced by Lim Yew Hock, whose policies then convinced the British. Singapore was granted full internal self-government with its own prime minister and Cabinet overseeing all matters of government except defence and foreign affairs.   Elections were held on 30 May 1959 with the People's Action Party winning a landslide victory. Singapore eventually became a self-governing state within the Commonwealth on 3 June 1959, and Lee Kuan Yew was sworn in as the first prime minister.[31] Then Governor of Singapore, Sir William Allmond Codrington Goode, served as the first Yang di-Pertuan Negara until 3 December 1959. He was succeeded by Yusof bin Ishak, later first President of Singapore.   Singapore declared independence from Britain unilaterally in August 1963,[32] before joining the Federation of Malaysia in September along with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak as the result of the 1962 Merger Referendum of Singapore. Singapore was expelled from the Federation two years after heated ideological conflict between the state's PAP government and the federal government in Kuala Lumpur. Independence (since 1965) Main article: History of the Republic of Singapore   Singapore offici