Which actor plays the Earl of Grantham in the ITV series 'Downton Abbey'?

Downton Abbey actor Rob James Collier lost sleep over 'harrowing' homosexuality storyline | The Independent Downton Abbey actor Rob James Collier lost sleep over 'harrowing' homosexuality storyline Series five of the hit ITV period drama starts on Sunday 21 September Sunday 14 September 2014 15:46 BST Click to follow The Independent Culture Rob James-Collier, who plays under-butler Thomas Barrow, admitted to suffering sleepless nights over the Series 5 script Fans of Downton Abbey can expect the series to take a dark turn, thanks to a “harrowing” new storyline centred around Thomas Barrow. Rob James-Collier, who plays the sometimes sinister under-butler, admitted that he has been suffering sleepless nights over the script, which sees his character question – and try desperately to change – his sexuality. “There are mornings of those scenes when you haven’t been able to sleep at night because you are so worried about how it will go,” James-Collier told the Daily Mail . “Thomas comes right up to the abyss.” “It’s quite a harrowing storyline and I hope it is. Because if it isn’t, I haven’t done it justice.” His quotes come just days after Hugh Bonneville – who plays Robert, Earl of Grantham in the show – said he believed the show could have another five years left to run . Alan Leech (Tom Branson) and Rob James-Collier (Tom Barrow) on the set of Downton Abbey in August 2014 “This is all written by one person and there’s only so much one person can do,” he said. “There will be an end. (Executive producer) Gareth Neame has said he reckons it will run between five and ten years, so we’ve made it to halfway. “I think there will be natural end and I’m sure Julian will want to quit while he’s ahead.” Downton Abbey series 5 1/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Mr Bates and Anna behind bars ITV 2/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Atticus with a prostitute 3/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Andy, Mr Carson, Molesley and Thomas ITV 4/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Above and below stairs gather for the WWI memorial ITV 5/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Atticus and Lady Rose, who wears a large engagement ring ITV 6/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Lady Sinderby, Lord Sinderby and Atticus following his engagement to Lady Rose ITV 7/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Lady Mary Crawley, Master George Crawley, Baxter, Cora, Countess of Grantham, Denker, Lady Edith Crawley, Mrs Hughes, Violet, Dowager Countess of Grantham, Mrs Patmore, Tom Branson, Miss Sybbie Branson and Isobel Crawley ITV 8/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Mr Carson and as Robert, Earl of Grantham at the memorial service ITV Anna lines up as part of a police identity parade ITV 10/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Mr Bates at the WWI memorial service ITV 11/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Mrs Patmore and Daisy in the kitchen ITV 12/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Cora, Countess of Grantham 13/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Lady Mary and Lady Edith looking happy together ITV 14/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 Violet and Isobel Crawley talking at the ceremony ITV 15/102 Downton Abbey: Season 5 The Dowager Countess' new maid Denker chats with Mr Bates ITV 16/102 Downton Abbey series 5 Edith returns from London 17/102 Downton Abbey series 5 Love is in the air for Lady Rose and Atticus ITV 18/102 Downton Abbey series 5 Allen Leech as Tom Branson ITV 19/102 Downton Abbey series 5 Isis is sick 20/102 Downton Abbey series 5 The boys: Lord Merton, Tim Grey, Robert, Earl of Grantham and Atticus Aldridge ITV 21/102 Downton Abbey series 5 The girls: Lady Rose, Lady Mary and Mabel Lane Fox ITV 22/102 Downton Abbey series 5 Aspiring cook Daisy, played by Sophie McShera ITV 23/102 Downton Abbey series 5 Can Mabel Lane Fox (Catherine Steadman) convince Tony Gillingham (Tom Cullen) that she's the woman for him? ITV 24/102 Downton Abbey series 5 Maggie Smith as the Dowager Countess ITV 25/102 Downton Abbey series 5 Lady Mary continues to look pensive. Is she any closer to deciding upon a lover? ITV 26/102 Downton Abbey series 5 Lord Merton (Douglas Reith) joins the Grantham family at the Abbey ITV 27/102 Downton Abbey series 5 There's a new face in


Nathan Bedford Forrest was the original leader of which American organisation?

Nathan Bedford Forrest - American Civil War - HISTORY.com Nathan Bedford Forrest A+E Networks Introduction Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821-1877) was a Confederate general during the Civil War (1861-65). Despite having no formal military training, Forrest rose from the rank of private to lieutenant general, serving as a cavalry officer at numerous engagements including the Battles of Shiloh, Chickamauga, Brice’s Crossroads and Second Franklin. Known for his maxim “get there first with the most men,” Forrest was relentless in harassing Union forces during the Vicksburg Campaign in 1862 and 1863, and conducted successful raiding operations on federal supplies and communication lines throughout the war. In addition to his ingenious cavalry tactics, Forrest is also remembered for his controversial involvement in the Battle of Fort Pillow in April 1864, when his troops massacred black soldiers following a Union surrender. After the Civil War Forrest worked as a planter and railroad president, and served as the first grand wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. He died in 1877 at the age of 56. Google Nathan Bedford Forrest: Early Life Nathan Bedford Forrest was born in Chapel Hill, Tennessee , on July 13, 1821. He grew up poor and received almost no formal education before going into business with his uncle Jonathan Forrest in Hernando, Mississippi . In 1845 his uncle was killed in a street fight started over a business dispute, and Forrest responded by killing two of the murderers using a pistol and bowie knife. Forrest married Mary Ann Montgomery, a member of a prominent Tennessee family, that same year. The couple would later have two children. Did You Know? Known as the “Wizard of the Saddle” for his ingenious use of cavalry forces during the Civil War, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest rose from the rank of private to lieutenant general despite having no previous military training. Forrest eventually found success as a planter and owner of a stagecoach company. In 1852 he moved his young family to Memphis, Tennessee, where he amassed a small fortune working as a slave trader. His business continued to grow throughout the 1850s, and in 1858 he was elected a Memphis alderman. By 1860 Forrest owned two cotton plantations and had established himself among the wealthiest men in Tennessee. Nathan Bedford Forrest: Civil War Service Following the start of the Civil War (1861-65), Forrest enlisted as a private in the Tennessee Mounted Rifles and helped equip the unit using his own money. He soon earned a promotion to lieutenant colonel and was placed in charge of raising and training his own battalion of 650 mounted troopers. Forrest would win his first engagement later that year, when he led a surprise attack on a complement of 500 Union troops near Sacramento, Kentucky . Forrest was next involved in heavy fighting at Fort Donelson, Tennessee, in February 1862. Despite being cornered by Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant , Forrest refused to surrender along with General Simon Bolivar Buckner and the fort’s 12,000 other Confederates. Shortly before Grant claimed the fort, Forrest led roughly 700 cavalry past the Union siege lines and escaped to Nashville, where he coordinated evacuation efforts. Forrest was heavily engaged at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 and commanded rearguard actions during the Confederate retreat into Mississippi. Already known for his daring, Forrest reportedly led a cavalry charge against Union skirmishers and singlehandedly engaged several troops despite sustaining a gunshot wound to the back. His legend would continue to grow after the battle, when he published a recruiting notice in a Memphis newspaper that included the line “Come on boys, if you want a heap of fun and to kill some Yankees.” Forrest’s injury would keep him away from the field until June 1862. A month later he led a raiding mission into Tennessee, where he captured a Union garrison at Murfreesboro. Promoted to brigadier general, Forrest next participated in cavalry operations near the vital Mississippi River hub at Vicksburg, Tenn


In musical terminology, which word describes bouncing the bow lightly on the strings?

String Music Terms | Musical Terms | String Instrument Music Terms Search Glossary of String Music Terms Welcome to our Glossary of String Music Terms where you can get the basic knowledge of terms used in the string music profession. These string music terms are the names of instruments: Violin: The violin or “fiddle” is a string instrument which is played with a bow.  It is the smallest member of the string family of orchestra instruments.  The violin has 4 strings.  The names of the strings are E, A, D and G. The violin is very similar to the viola, but the violin has plays higher pitches.  The violin comes in fractional sizes 1/64 to 3/4 and of course the 4/4  size violin.  Shop for Violins under $1000.   Shop for Violins over $1000. Viola: The viola is a little bit bigger then the violin. The viola string instrument is measured by inches no fractions like the violin. The viola is available in 14″ – 17.5″ but if you need a smaller viola, it is possible to put viola strings on a violin.  The viola has four strings which are A, D, G and C.  Shop for Violas under $1000.  Shop for Violas over $1000. Cello: The cello is much larger then the violin or viola.  It is played sitting down but is still a bowed string instrument.  The strings on the cello are A, D, G and C but sound one octave lower then the Viola.  Cellos are available is 1/10 – 4/4 sizes. Shop for Cellos under $4000.   Shop for cellos over $4000. Bass: The Bass is the largest instrument in the string family.  It is played standing or sitting on a tall stool.  The bass is also commonly called the string bass, double bass, stand up bass or acoustic bass.  The strings on the bass are G, D, A and E.  Basses are available in 1/8 – 4/4 sizes.  Shop for Basses. These String Music Terms are parts and accessories for string instruments: Bow: A violin bow, viola bow, cello bow or bass bow is made of wood and have horse hairs which pull the strings to make a sound.  There is rosin that is applied to the horse hairs to make them sticky enough to grab the string.  Shop for Bows. Rosin: Rosin is made of tree sap which has been cooked into a solid so that it may be rubbed on the hairs of a bow.  Shop for Rosin. End Pin:  The Cello End Pin or Bass End Pin is a metal rod that comes out of the bottom of a cello or bass to support the instrument.  It rests on the floor allowing the cello or bass to be suspended and easier to play.  When the Cello or Bass is put away the end pin conveniently slides into the body of the instrument for storage. Violins and Violas do not have end pins. Fittings:  The fittings of a string instrument include the Pegs, Bridge, Tail Piece, Chin Rest (on violins and violas), or End Pin (on cellos and basses).  A string instrument that comes “set up” with have all of these parts included. Chin Rest: A Violin Chin Rest or Viol Chin Rest is an accessory that usually comes as part of the fittings of the violin or violin.  The chin rest helps the violinist hold the violin in place on the shoulder by using just the head and not the hands.  The name chin rest is actually a misnomer because the JAW is the body part that goes in the chin rest not the CHIN.  WE should call it the JAW REST.  😉 Shoulder Rest:  A violin or viola shoulder rest is used to help support the violin or viola on the musicians shoulder.  The added support helps in holding the violin or viola without the hands.  Cellists do not need shoulder rests. There are many different shoulder rest options available.  Shop for Shoulder rests . Rock Stop: A Cello Rock Stop or Bass Rock Stop is a type of end pin anchor that goes on the floor to keep the end pin from slipping.  Violinists and Violists do not need Rock stops.  There are many different rock stop options available. Shop for Rock Stops. These String Music Terms are techniques that string players use: Vibrato: Vibrato is an expression that string players (like vocalists) can add to music.  The pitch is fluctuated rapidly but subtly.  Vibrato can be used to add warmth and character to all types of music. Accent: An accent in sheet music looks lik


Which Premiership rugby union team play their home games at The Recreation Ground?

Rugby union: unplayable pitch sees Bath's game with Wasps postponed | Sport | The Guardian Close This article is 8 years old Bath are counting the cost of the weekend's second Premiership postponement. The French referee Romain Poitre deemed the Recreation Ground pitch unplayable 90 minutes before Bath were due to take on London Wasps in a televised fixture in which the home side were looking to take over at the head of the Premiership . The postponement capped a bad week for Bath who had spurned the chance to go top last Sunday after their defeat in a game at Leicester in which they had at one stage led by 15 points. Today's game now seems certain to be played on January 31, a weekend left free for rest before the start of the Six Nations. Both sides are likely to look very different by then, with as many as 10 players possibly missing, having been named in Martin Johnson's squad for England's opening match against Italy. Bath's head Steve Meehan could hardly conceal his frustration as his players trooped off for a training session at the nearby university. "It is very disappointing for the staff and the players but the referee has the final say. But Wasps were here at nine o'clock telling everyone they didn't want to play. I feel very sorry for the supporters who turned up." Bath may be aggrieved at the postponement but Wasps are likely to be more disrupted by England call-ups at the end of the month, having already been deprived of the services of the England forwards Tom Palmer and Tom Rees this week because of long-term injuries. Both teams, meanwhile, will at least be rested for their remaining Heineken Cup pool games over the next two weekends. Injury-hit Wasps entertain Leinster at Twickenham next Saturday and Bath travel to Newport to play the Dragons the following day. "If there is a consolation we will be a bit fresher next week but this was a fixture everyone was looking forward to," added Meehan. On Friday afternoon, the referee Chris White had deemed The Stoop pitch unplayable for Harlequins' match against Worcester, scheduled for today. It was the second successive postponement for Worcester whose game against Sale had been called off a week earlier, leaving the Warriors with the prospect of fixture congestion as they battle to stay in the Premiership this spring.


Who was the Government Chief Whip who resigned in October 2012, following accusation that he swore at police officers and called them 'plebs'?

Andrew Mitchell resigns as Chief Whip 19 October 2012 Andrew Mitchell resigns as Chief Whip The fallout from "Plebgate" claims Mitchell, four weeks on, as he admits telling Downing Street police "I thought you guys were supposed to f***ing help us". Sign up for our weekly email * The news has just broken that Andrew Mitchell has resigned as Chief Whip. Number 10 announced on Twitter that David Cameron had accepted the resignation. The Prime Minister has accepted the resignation of Chief Whip Andrew Mitchell. — No. 10 Press Office(@Number10press) October 19, 2012 Below is Mitchell's resignation letter in which he admits that he swore at the police, but denies calling them "plebs". In his response to Mitchell, David Cameron said: Thank you for your letter. I was sorry to receive it, but I understand why you have reached the conclusion you have, and why you have decided to resign from the Government. I regret that this has become necessary, and am very grateful for all you have done, both in Government and in Opposition – as well as for the kind words in your letter. As we discussed in advance of the reshuffle, I wanted you to bring your organisational skill and energy to the important job of chief whip. It was clear to me that you had already made a strong start. As you have acknowledged, the incident in Downing Street was no acceptable and you were right to apologise for it. You have much to be proud of from your service on the frontbench both in opposition and in government, and in your continued service to your constituents in Sutton Coldfield. I hope that, in time, you will be able to make a further contribution to public life.


Paul Metcalfe is the real name of which Gerry Anderson puppet character?

Cast of Characters:  Captain Scarlet CAST OF CHARACTERS    CAPTAIN    SCARLET and the MYSTERONS UNOFFICIAL WEBSITE by    Chris Bishop       UPDATES:  June 16, 2014 - New information added   "I've    got the feeling they're with  us    all the time..." Last    words of Captain Scarlet  (voice    by Francis Matthews)  SPECTRUM    PERSONNEL:  CLOUDBASE STAFF OFFICERS     (Sources:  TV Century 21 material (Annuals, books and magazines), Engale    Marketing's Century 21 magazine, Issue 15, Winter 1995, Fleetway    Magazines, Captain Scarlet & the Mysterons book by Chris Drake & Graham Bassett, Complete Book of Captain Scarlet by Chris Bentleyï¿½ all    related to TV Century 21 material - Photo-montages provided by dedicated    fans.)   Senior    staff officer, colour-coded Captain, Spectrum's number one    field agent. Real name : Facial features and voices based on a young Cary Grant.    Voice provided by Francis Matthews.   Personal       history   Paul       Metcalfe was born in Winchester on December 17, 2036, into a family       with a long military history; his father, grand-father and       great-grandfather all served in the World Army, where they all       distinguished themselves.  It       was natural that Paul would also follow the family tradition by       choosing a military career.  He graduated from Winchester University in 2057, at the age       of 21, with degrees in History, Technology and employment of       Mathematics, and then went to West Point Military University in New       York State, U.S.A., where he was trained in field combat duty, how       to pilot a variety of aircraft and to become an expert with hundreds       of weapons, from the most sophisticated to the most ancient       (2059-2063). Drilled to survive in any conditions, he       demonstrated a strong mental resilience, a concern for others over       his own safety, and an ability to command.  Acclaimed as ï¿½Supreme Soldierï¿½ by fellow students and       lecturers alike, Paul left West Point and joined ï¿½ or was       transferred ï¿½ to the World Army/Air-Force.  Some sources say that he joined the WAAF on the low rank of       private, rather than take up the commission which his cadet training       entitled him to (but this seems to be unlikely, considering the       investment put into his training at West Point).  Nevertheless, with his ability to command and his       professional military outlook, he gained promotion after promotion,       until, within two years, he had reached the rank of Colonel ï¿½ the       youngest the WAAF had known to date - and had seen action in all the       corners of the globe.   The       selection committee charged with finding candidates for the       formation of the new organization of Spectrum, had followed Paulï¿½s       career, and recognized his qualities of leadership, initiative,       combat strategy, integrity and his dedication to his work within the       WAAF.  Therefore, in       2065, he was approached by them and accepted the offer to become a       field agent for Spectrum, with the rank of Captain, and the colour-code       name ï¿½Scarletï¿½.    In       2068, came the Zero-X expedition to Mars, where Captain Black       discovered the Complex of the Mysterons and destroyed it, mistakenly       believing they were attacking his vehicle and crew.  Black was then taken over by the Mysterons, who vowed to       avenge themselves, by declaring a ï¿½War of Nervesï¿½ on an       unsuspecting world.  Their       first threat was aimed at assassinating World President Younger.       Whilst driving in a Spectrum saloon car, on their way to meet with       the World President, Captains Brown and Scarlet were killed when       their car was forced to crash.  They were then ï¿½Mysteronisedï¿½, duplicated


Which British fashion designer was sacked after an alleged anti-Semitic rant in a Paris bar?

Dior Fires John Galliano After Bigotry Complaints - The New York Times The New York Times Fashion & Style |Dior Fires John Galliano After Bigotry Complaints Search Continue reading the main story Photo The British fashion designer John Galliano in Paris in July 2010 at the end of the presentation of his Fall-Winter 2010-2011Haute Couture collection for Christian Dior. Credit Remy De La Mauviniere/Associated Press PARIS — The French fashion house Christian Dior said Tuesday that it would dismiss its chief designer, John Galliano, after the surfacing of a video that showed his anti-Semitic outbursts at a Paris bar. In a brief statement, Sidney Toledano, Dior Couture’s chief executive, said he condemned ‘‘in the strongest terms’’ Mr. Galliano’s words, ‘‘which are in total contradiction with the essential values that have always been defended by the Christian Dior house.’’ Dior, however, was still planning to go ahead with its autumn/winter 2011 ready-to-wear show on Friday as part of Paris fashion week. A spokeswoman for a separate label, John Galliano, said its women’s wear show would also go ahead as scheduled Sunday. Known as the ‘‘bad boy’’ of the fashion world for his flamboyant and provocative style, Mr. Galliano helped to energize Dior after he joined it in 1996 as creative director, increasing sales and making it a jewel of the LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton luxury-goods empire run by the French billionaire Bernard Arnault. LVMH also owns the John Galliano line. Olivier Labesse, a spokesman for LVMH, did not return calls seeking comment on the designer’s role there. The departure of one of its most important designers has left the fashion world buzzing with questions. Dior, which was founded in 1945, is one of the few labels still specializing in haute couture. Advertisement Continue reading the main story In its statement, Dior said it had ‘‘immediately suspended relations’’ with Mr. Galliano and ‘‘initiated dismissal procedures.’’ It cited the ‘‘particularly odious comments’’ contained in the video posted Monday. The video was posted on the Web site of the British tabloid newspaper The Sun. It appeared to show Mr. Galliano taunting patrons at a Paris bar, declaring in a slurred voice that ‘‘I love Hitler’’ and that ‘‘people like you would be dead,’’ and  ‘‘your mothers, your forefathers’’ would all be ‘‘gassed.’’  It was unclear when the video was recorded or who recorded it. Then, late Monday, the actress Natalie Portman strongly condemned Mr. Galliano, saying in a statement that she was ‘‘deeply shocked and disgusted by the video.’’ She added, ‘‘as an individual who is proud to be Jewish, I will not be associated with Mr. Galliano in any way.’’ Ms. Portman recently signed an endorsement deal with Dior for its Miss Dior Chérie perfume. There had been speculation that she would choose a Galliano design for the Academy Awards ceremony Sunday. Instead, Ms. Portman wore a gown from the fashion house Rodarte. It was not yet known whether her contract with Dior would  be affected or how far any intervention by Ms. Portman might have forced the hand of LVMH. Before the video was released, Mr Galliano had already been questioned by the police, last Thursday, after an incident at the bar, La Perle, in the trendy Marais district of Paris. He has been accused by two other clients  —  Geraldine Bloch, 35, and Philippe Virgitti, 41  —  of making an anti-Semitic slur. French law makes it a crime to incite racial hatred; the statute has been used in the past to punish anti-Semitic remarks. The French advocacy group SOS Racisme said that it would support legal proceedings if the accusations were confirmed. ‘‘Mr. Galliano has added to the ignominy of his words with the cowardice of a denial,’’ it said in a statement. Mr. Galliano’s lawyer, Stéphane Zerbib, did not respond to requests for comment Tuesday. He has denied that Mr. Galliano made any anti-Semitic comments in the incident last week and has submitted testimonials of support from employees and witnesses at the bar as part of defamation complaints filed against Ms. Bloch


Which hero of science fiction was created by Alex Raymond?

Flash Gordon | fictional character | Britannica.com fictional character Iron Man Flash Gordon, spaceman hero of the science-fiction comic strip Flash Gordon, created in 1934 by illustrator Alex Raymond and writer Don Moore as a Sunday feature for King Features Syndicate. Intended to compete with the popular comic strip Buck Rogers (which it soon surpassed in popularity), the series concerned the intergalactic adventures of Flash Gordon, his girlfriend Dale Arden, and the scientist Dr. Hans Zarkov on the alien planet Mongo. Publicity still from the Flash Gordon serial, 1936; (left to right) … © Universal Pictures Flash Gordon was a Yale graduate and a well-known polo player. He and his two companions journeyed in Dr. Zarkov’s rocket ship to the planet Mongo, which posed an imminent danger to Earth’s existence. Flash, Dale, and Dr. Zarkov constantly faced death as they fought against Ming the Merciless, the evil emperor of Mongo. Listen: Flash Gordon: "On the Planet Mongo," a 1935 radio episode “On the Planet Mongo,” a 1935 episode of the radio show Flash … Flash was featured in a radio program and as the hero of a novel, Flash Gordon in the Caverns of Mongo (1936), attributed to Alex Raymond. Buster Crabbe played the blond spaceman in Flash Gordon film serials (from 1936) and in the subsequent serials, Flash Gordon’s Trip to Mars (1938) and Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe (1940). The character appeared on television in both live-action (1954–55; 2007–08) and animated (1979–80; 1996) series. The feature-length film Flash Gordon (1980) was equal parts science fiction and high camp, and, although a failure at the box office, it was perhaps best remembered for its synthesizer-fueled soundtrack, provided by the rock group Queen . Learn More in these related articles:


In which Puccini opera does Minnie own a saloon called The Polka?

The Girl Of The West | Operas | Season And Tickets | Opera Carolina The Girl of the West A bona fide Western Sunday, April 23rd - 2:00 pm Thursday, April 27th - 7:30 pm Saturday, April 29th - 8:00 pm Buy Tickets The Girl of the West / La fanciulla del West Can opera – a centuries-old Italian art form be an effective medium for a Western – that quintessentially American and (relatively) new genre? Puccini thought so.  Synopsis Can opera, an Italian art form dating back to the late 1500s, be an effective medium for a Western – that quintessentially American and (relatively) new genre? In the hands of Puccini, it can. In the vein of Gunsmoke, High Noon and literary bodice rippers with Fabio on the cover, comes The Girl of the West (La fanciulla del West) a hard-drinkin’, poker-playin’, bona fide Western … with an Italian operatic soundtrack. And, of course, the hero (or in this case, the heroine) rides off into the sunset. Opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini Libretto by Guelfo Civinini and Carlo Zangarini Based on the play The Girl of the Golden West by the American author David Belasco.... Accessibility Options English Supertitles Provided During The Performance Act I Inside the Polka Saloon A group of miners enter the "Polka" saloon after a day work.  One of the miners, Larkens, is homesick and the miners collect enough money for his fare home.  A group playing cards discover that Sid is cheating and go after him.  Sheriff Jack Rance stops the fight and pins two cards to Sid's jacket, as a sign of a cheater.  Ashby, a Wells Fargo agent enters and announces that he and his posse have been tracking the bandit Ramirez and his gang.  He tells the sheriff that he’s meeting with Ramirez’s jilted lover, Nina Micheltoreňa.  “Hell hath no fury, and she’s ready to give him up.” Rance toasts Minnie, the Girl who owns the saloon, who he wants to be his wife.  This makes Sonora jealous and the two men begin to fight.  Rance draws his revolver but at that moment, a shot rings out and Minnie stands next to the bar with a rifle in her hands.  After calming things down, Minnie gives the miners their weekly reading lesson from the Bible.  Rance tells Minnie that he loves her, but Minnie puts him off -- she is waiting for the right man.  A stranger enters the saloon and orders a whisky.  He introduces himself as Dick Johnson from Sacramento, whom Minnie had met earlier.  He is, in fact, the outlaw Ramirez, and he has come to the Polka to steal the miner’s gold.  He invites Minnie to dance with him and she accepts.  Rance watches them, jealously. Ashby returns with Jose Castro, a captured Ramirez gang member.  Unkown to Ashby, Castro’s capture is part of their plan to rob the Polka of the gold the miners keep hidden in the saloon’s barrels.  When Castro sees his leader in the saloon, he agrees to lead Rance in a search for Ramirez. Before Castro leaves, he whispers to Ramirez that somebody will whistle to confirm that the place is clear, and he should confirm with his own whistle.  The group follows him in what turns out to be a wild goose chase.  When the signal is given, Ramirez fails to reply, as his attentions are now only fixed on Minnie. Minnie shows him the keg of gold that she and the miners take turns guarding at night.  He reassures her that the gold will be safe.  Before he leaves the saloon, he promises to visit her at her cabin, telling her she has the face of an angel.  Minnie begins to cry, and “Johnson” comforts her before he leaves. Act II Minnie's cabin, later that evening Wowkle, Minnie’s Native American servant and her lover Billy Jackrabbit are in the house with their baby as Minnie comes home from the Polka.  “Johnson” arrives Minnie's and she tells him all about her life.  They kiss and Minnie asks him to stay till morning.  A posse looking for Ramirez approaches the house.  “Johnson” hides.  The posse reveals to Minnie that Johnson is the bandit Ramirez himself.  When they leave, she orders Ramirez to leave, which he does.  Minnie hears a gunshot and she knows he has been shot.  Ramirez staggers in and Minnie help


Whom did Mervyn King succeed as Governor of the Bank of England in 2003?

BBC News | BUSINESS | Who will succeed Eddie George? Wednesday, 1 May, 2002, 11:53 GMT 12:53 UK Who will succeed Eddie George? Sir Edward George: stepping down after 10 years Analysis by Steve Schifferes BBC News Online economics reporter The race to succeed Sir Edward George, the governor of the Bank of England, has begun 15 months before he is set to retire. Sir Edward's second five year term of office ends on 30 June 2003. But choice of his successor is closely linked to the question of the UK's membership of the euro. The Chancellor, Gordon Brown, is set to announce whether the UK meets the five economic tests he has set before recommending euro membership shortly before the new governor would take office. Sir Edward has been cautious about Britain's euro membership - a stance that initially made Gordon Brown reluctant to reappoint him to a second term as governor in February 1998. But since then the Chancellor himself has become cooler on euro membership, as the success of his new arrangements for monetary and fiscal policy has become clear. Insider on fast track The leading euro-sceptic candidate to take over the Bank's leadership is Mervyn King, the current deputy governor and former chief economist at the Bank. Mervyn King: next Bank governor? Professor King is part of the formidable group of academic economists from the London School of Economics who have joined the Bank's interest rate-setting body, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC). This has included Professor Charles Goodhardt, and Professor Charles Bean - who replaced Mr King as the Bank's chief economist. Mervyn King has been a central figure on the MPC, often taking the role of briefing the press after each meeting. Mervyn King Education: Cambridge Previous job: Professor of Economics, LSE He has been identified with the "hawks" on the MPC, leaning towards caution when cutting interest rates and worried that inflationary pressures are still strong in the UK economy. He believes that the Bank of England's approach to rate-setting is more effective than that of the European Central Bank. And he is sceptical about claims that the UK economy has converged with those in the eurozone, once having said that it would take a few hundred years of data to decide. The PM's candidate The other leading candidate to succeed Sir Edward is the chairman of the Financial Services Agency (FSA), Sir Howard Davies. Sir Howard Davies: the PM's candidate? Sir Howard had been deputy governor of the Bank, but agreed to take over the FSA when it was separated from the Bank in 1997 - at the same time as the MPC was set up. He has strong links to business, as the former director-general of the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), and head of the Audit Commission, which monitors government spending. He is strongly in favour of Britain joining the euro. Sir Howard Davies Education: Oxford Previous job: Director-General, CBI Sir Howard's populist touch and high-profile role in cracking down on financial rip-offs have made him the favoured candidate of the Prime Minister But critics say he lacks the experience in managing interest rates, and the strong economic background of his rivals. The outsiders Also in the running to succeed Sir Edward is the head of the Bank of International Settlements, Andrew Crockett. Mr Crockett is another former Bank of England official - who was in charge of managing the exchange rate before he left to run the central bankers' organisation based in Basle, Switzerland. He has been deeply involved in managing international financial crises, working for many years at the International Monetary Fund, and has excellent contacts with central bankers and international commercial banks around the world. But he also lacks experience of working within the MPC, and has always been a backroom operator rather than a public communicator. Another earlier candidate to become governor was Gavyn Davies, the chief international economist at Goldman Sachs and a close friend of the Chancellor, Gordon Brown. But Mr Davies has probably ruled himself out of the running by tak


Proxima Centauri, the nearest known star to the Sun, is classified as what type of star?

Alpha Centauri, closest to our sun | Brightest Stars | EarthSky Alpha Centauri, closest to our sun By Larry Sessions in Brightest Stars | May 19, 2016 Third star in the system, a red dwarf called Proxima Centauri, is our sun’s closest neighbor at about 4.22 light-years. The Alpha Centauri system is the closest star system to our sun. On our sky’s dome, we see this multiple system as a single star – the third-brightest star visible from Earth. Follow the links below to learn more about Alpha Centauri. Read more: Proxima Centauri’s awesome new planet Hubble Space Telescope image of Proxima Centauri, the closest known star to the sun. Read more about this image. A comparison of the sizes and colors of the stars in the Alpha Centauri system with our sun.  Via Wikimedia Commons. Alpha Centauri A and B are a double-star system, and a third star Proxima – whose location with respect to the other two is indicated here by arrow – might or might not be gravitationally bound to them. Proxima is the closest star to Earth.  Image via the European Southern Observatory. Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today! The Alpha Centauri system probably consists of three stars. Alpha Centauri is part of a double, or triple, star system. The two main components are Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B. The third star, a red dwarf called Proxima Centauri, is thought to be about 4.22 light-years distant and is actually our sun’s closest neighbor among the stars. Is it part of the Alpha Centauri system? The actual status of Proxima as a system member is unclear. It might simply be passing nearby but not part of the system, or it might be gravitationally bound. Still, we say – and others say – that Alpha Centauri is the closest star to our solar system, with the assumption that Proxima is a true part of the Alpha Centauri system. If you looked through a small telescope at the Alpha Centauri system, you’d see the two main stars, but you wouldn’t see Proxima Centauri. It’s too faint and appears too far (4 diameters of the full moon) away to be easily recognized at part of the system. Taken by itself, Alpha Centauri A is the fourth-brightest star seen from Earth, just slightly outshone by Arcturus. However, the combined light of Alpha Centauri A and B is slightly greater than Arcturus, so in that sense it is the third-brightest. These stars are an average of 4.3 light-years away. Yellow Alpha Centauri A is the same stellar type as the Sun (G2), although a bit larger. It looks bright in our sky because of its nearness to Earth. Just a few degrees away, the star Hadar (a separate star sometimes called Beta Centauri, not to be confused with Alpha Centauri B) appears dimmer in our sky than Alpha Centauri. But in fact, Hadar is much farther away at 525 light-years. So you see that Alpha Centauri is not a fabulously brilliant star, as stars go. Alpha Centauri’s surface temperature is a few degrees Kelvin less than our sun (that is, about 5770 k), but its greater diameter (about 25% more than the sun) and the overall larger surface area gives it a luminosity nearly 1.6 times that of our star. The smaller member of the system – orangish Alpha Centauri B – is slightly smaller than our sun, with a spectral type of K2. With lower temperature (about 5,300 K) and only half the luminosity of the sun, B would shine as the 21st brightest star in all the heavens by itself. These two brighter components of the system orbit a common center of gravity once every 80 years. The orbit is notably elliptical, with average distance between the two stars of about 11 A.U., with one A.U. being one Earth-sun distance. Proxima is the closest star to Earth. Faint red Proxima Centauri – at only 3,100 K and 500 times less bright than our sun – is nearly a fifth of a light year from Alpha Centauri A and B. This great distance is what calls into question its status as part of a triple star system. Proxima Centauri is a pipsqueak of a star. It’s red dwarf star with only about an eighth of the mass of the sun. If Proxima replace the sun in ou


Which edible plant is also known as Lady's Fingers or Gumbo?

How to Grow Lady Fingers | eHow How to Grow Lady Fingers Okra /Ladyfingers image by bbroianigo from Fotolia.com Ladyfingers are the edible seedpods of the okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) and are also known as gumbo. The plant is related to cotton and hibiscus and is originally from Africa. It is best grown as an annual crop in the United States as it is very sensitive to cold temperatures. Okra plants are spiny and care must be taken when harvesting the pods. Choose a sunny site with well-drained soil for your ladyfinger plants. Prepare the soil by fertilizing with 2 lbs. of balanced fertilizer per 100 square feet. Soak ladyfinger seeds in water for several hours prior to sowing. Sow ladyfinger seeds outdoors in moist soil once the soil temperature has risen above 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Bury each seed at a depth of 1 inch with 4 to 6 inches between seeds and 3 feet between rows. Thin out your ladyfinger seedlings once they are 5 inches tall, leaving up to 2 feet between plants. Apply an 2- to 3-inch layer of organic mulch around your plants to control weeds and preserve moisture. Apply 3 oz. of balanced fertilizer per 100 feet of row once your plants are 6 to 8 inches tall. Fertilize again two or three weeks later or after heavy rain. Irrigate your plants during dry spells, aiming to moisten the soil to a depth of 6 inches. Water in the morning to allow then to dry out before nightfall. Harvest ladyfinger pods once they are 2 or 3 inches long and harvest regularly as leaving large pods on the plant reduces overall yield.


Whom did George Entwistle succeed as Director General of the BBC in 2012?

George Entwistle appointed BBC director general | Media | The Guardian George Entwistle George Entwistle appointed BBC director general Former Newsnight editor and current controller of BBC Vision has pledged to return the broadcaster to its creative roots Wednesday 4 July 2012 18.50 EDT First published on Wednesday 4 July 2012 18.50 EDT Close This article is 4 years old Former Newsnight editor George Entwistle has been appointed the next director general of the BBC, pledging to return the broadcaster to its creative roots and cut back further on bureaucracy. Entwistle gained the most powerful role in British broadcasting just days before his 50th birthday on Sunday and was immediately charged by the man who appointed him, BBC Trust chairman Lord Patten, to make the BBC "10 or 20% better". Currently the controller of BBC Vision overseeing all of the corporation's TV channels and programme-making departments, Entwistle pipped his colleague, BBC chief operating officer Caroline Thomson, to the top job. He will oversee an organisation with more than 22,000 employees and total BBC revenues of nearly £5bn. Thomson, who would have been the first female director general in the BBC's 90-year history, said she was "very disappointed" and looks likely to leave the corporation after Entwistle succeeds Mark Thompson in September. Ed Richards, chief executive of media regulator Ofcom, was also shortlisted. The appointment caps a remarkable rise for Entwistle who joined the BBC 23 years ago as a news trainee. He went on to work for Panorama and Tomorrow's World, and edited Newsnight before switching to various senior roles in the upper echelons of the corporation including controller of knowledge commissioning and acting controller of BBC4. A low-profile figure who will have to grow accustomed to the spotlight, Entwistle did his best to avoid it on Wednesday by declining to answer journalists' questions as he was formally unveiled by Patten outside the newly refurbished Broadcasting House in central London. A frontrunner for the role since Thompson announced in March he would step down after the Olympics, Entwistle's candidature appeared briefly beset by criticism of the BBC's diamond jubilee coverage in which he was closely involved. Nearly 5,000 viewers complained about the BBC's coverage of the jubilee flotilla, which included elementary mistakes by some of its presenters and Radio 1 DJ Fearne Cotton discussing a royal-themed sick bag. But the BBC Trust was said to have been impressed with Entwistle's presentation and handling of the questions asked of him, despite the jubilee furore which drew criticism from MPs and some of the corporation's own presenters. Sources said his pitch to Patten and his fellow trustees centred on returning the BBC to a creative organisation and cutting out unnecessary bureaucracy. Entwistle said he was "privileged to be leading the greatest broadcasting organisation in the world" and said his friend and predecessor Thompson would be a "tough act to follow". He added: "I'm delighted that the chairman and trustees have decided I'm the right person for the job, and I'm very excited about all that lies ahead. I love the BBC and it's a privilege to be asked to lead it into the next stage of its creative life." Patten said the challenge for the new director general was to continue to improve the BBC's programmes at a time of financial restraint – the BBC's licence fee was frozen in 2010 – and retain the support of the viewing and listening public. "The BBC can be and should be 10 or 20% better than it is," said Patten. Newsnight presenter Jeremy Paxman described Entwistle as "clever, erudite, a man, critically, who reads books, a man with a sense of humour and a great degree of irreverence, not least about the BBC. I like him." Paxman said Entwistle was "put through the wringer" during the David Kelly affair after the programme's science editor Susan Watts told him that the weapons inspector was a source of her reports on Iraq's military capabilities. "The BBC went through one of its characteristic spasms," P


Who was the captain of the victorious West Indies cricket team which won the 2012 T20 World Cup?

West Indies Squad for T20 World Cup 2012 West Indies Squad for T20 World Cup 2012    West Indies 15 Members Squad » Darren Sammy (captain), Dwayne Bravo, Samuel Badree, Darren Bravo, Johnson Charles, Fidel Edwards, Chris Gayle, Sunil Narine, Kieron Pollard, Denesh Ramdin, Ravi Rampaul, Andre Russell, Marlon Samuels, Lendl Simmons, Dwayne Smith. South Africa Vs Sri Lanka 1st T20I - 20 Jan 2017 at 16:00GMT Series/Cup : Sri Lanka tour of South Africa,2016 - 17 Scheduled to Begin : 18:00 local time Australia Vs Pakistan 4th ODI - 22 Jan 2017 at 03:20GMT Series/Cup : Pakistan tour of Australia,2016 - 17 Scheduled to Begin : 14:20 local time New Zealand Vs Bangladesh 2nd Test - 20 Jan 2017 at 21:30GMT Series/Cup : Bangladesh tour of New Zealand,2016 -17 Result : Stumps - Day 1 2nd ODI - 19 Jan 2017 at 08:00GMT Series/Cup : England tour of India 2016 -17 Result : India won by 15 runs


The plant kniphofia is more commonly known by what name?

Kniphofia uvaria - Plant Finder Plant Finder Tried and Trouble-free Recommended by 1 Professionals Common Name: red-hot poker Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: May to June Bloom Description: Top flowers red; lower flowers yellow Sun: Full sun Garden locations Culture Grow in average, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun. Prefers rich, humusy soils. Intolerant of wet, heavy soils. Locate in areas protected from wind. Promptly remove spent flower spikes. Crowns benefit from winter protection in USDA Zones 5 and 6 (mulch or tie leaves together forming a canopy over the crown so as to prevent water from settling on the crown and freezing). Established clumps are best left undisturbed. Noteworthy Characteristics Kniphofia uvaria, commonly known as red-hot poker or torch lily, is an upright, clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial that is native to South Africa. From an 18-24" tall basal tuft of coarse, linear, sword-shaped, semi-evergreen, bluish-green leaves (to 3' long and 1" wide) arises a succession of thick, naked flower scapes (typically to 3-4' tall) with dense terminal racemes (6-10" long) of drooping, tubular flowers. Buds and emerging flowers are red but mature to yellow, giving each spike a two-toned appearance. Flowers bloom from late spring to early summer. Common names refer to the purported resemblance of each flower spike to a red hot poker or torch. Genus name honors Johann Hieronymus Kniphof (1704-1763) German physician and botanist. Specific epithet means like a bunch of grapes. Problems No significant insect or disease problems. Watch for root rot in poorly-drained soils. Thrips may appear in some areas. Garden Uses


Approximately 95% of the atmosphere of Mars consists of which gas?

What Is the Atmosphere Made Of? WHAT IS THE ATMOSPHERE MADE OF? God Made it All Perfect Dandy Designs Books WHAT'S IN THAT STUFF YOU'RE BREATHING? There are many things in the atmosphere, but basically it is made up of two different elements which are gases. Measured by volume (not weight) completely dry air contains approximately 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen with about 1% of everything else. The extra 1% or so of total air content consists of many different things. It is mostly argon plus small amounts of carbon dioxide and a number of other gases. However, air is not normally dry so you have to factor in an average of about 1% or more of water vapor. In addition to those things, air also contains dust, pollen, spores, ash, and various chemical pollutants. If you consider the air by mass or weight instead of volume then some of those gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide which are heavier would consist of a larger percentage of the air. The same would be true of particles and other pollutants in the air. TO THE EDGE OF SPACE All of those gases and particles are not evenly distributed in the atmosphere, And the atmosphere is not evenly distributed by mass or weight. The densest and heaviest part of the atmosphere is near the Earth. The atmosphere becomes thinner as you go higher above the Earth's surface. About 50% of the mass of the atmosphere is located below an altitude of about 18,000 feet (5.6 km). About 90% of the atmosphere's mass is below an altitude of 52,000 feet (16 km). Almost all of the atmosphere's mass (99.99997%) is located below 330,000 feet or 62 miles (100 km). That altitude of 100 km is considered by many people to be the edge of space - the boundary between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space. At that altitude the atmosphere is so thin that no vehicle with wings can actually fly there. You have to be in a rocket traveling fast enough to orbit the Earth to stay that high above the earth. That altitude of 100 km or 62 miles above sea level is called the Karman Line. But even above that altitude the atmosphere still exists even though it is very, very thin and we consider that area to be space. It is in that area that the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station orbit the Earth. A FIVE-LAYER CAKE The atmosphere of the Earth can be divided into five layers. The bottom layer is where we live it's called the troposphere. It begins at the surface of the earth and goes up from there to about 23,000 feet (7 km) at the poles or 56,000 feet (17 km) at the equator. The air in the troposphere is mostly warmed by heat coming from the surface of the Earth. For that reason the troposphere is warmest close to the earth and the temperature decreases with altitude. Above the troposphere is the stratosphere which extends to about 170,000 feet or 32 miles (51 km). As you go higher in the stratosphere the temperature actually increases because the heat there comes directly from the sun. Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. It extends up to 260,000 to 280,000 feet or 50 to 53 miles (80 to 85 km). It's in the mesosphere that meteors burn up when they enter the atmosphere, and it is where the Space Shuttle has to be protected by a heat shield as it makes re-entry. The temperature decreases as you go higher into the mesosphere. In fact when you reach the top of the mesosphere the average temperature there is 121° below zero Fahrenheit (-85°C). Water vapor there freezes forming ice clouds known as Noctilucent clouds. Above the mesosphere is the thermosphere where the temperature actually increases as you go higher. The temperature of atmospheric molecules in the thermosphere can rise to as high as 2730°Fahrenheit (1500°C)! However, the molecules are so far apart that their temperature is meaningless. The International Space Station orbits in the thermosphere. The very outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere is called the exosphere. Here the molecules are so far apart that they can travel hundreds of miles before bumping into one another. The gases in the exosphere are mostly hydrogen and helium. Once y


The columns of the Parthenon in Athens are a famous example of which architectural style?

Greek Art / Parthenon –Architecture The Architecture of the Parthenon [Parthenon when it was fully constructed in 5th Century BCE. http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Arts/Parthenon/Parthenon2.jpg ]      The Parthenon, a very famous Greek temple honoring the goddess Athena, is renowned for its architectural style. The Parthenon is found on the Athenian Acropolis, a well-known, ancient city on a mountain. In fact, the Greek word “acros” means “high or above” and the Greek word “polis” means “city”. The Parthenon was competed in 432 BCE and was a great accomplishment of the architects Kallikrates and Iktinos (Art: A Brief History, 86). The Parthenon was hugely important to Athens in the ancient times, and it continues still to be a place of great interest and beauty.         The Parthenon is considered a Doric temple, but not your average Doric temple, for the Parthenon has four Ionic columns as support columns. The outer frieze, or decorated blocks on top of the columns, is Doric, and the inner frieze is Ionic (Art Through the Ages, 148-149). A Parthenon frieze is shown in the picture below. The Parthenon is more lavishly decorated than any other classic Greek Ionic or Doric Temple because it symbolizes a shelter and home for Athena, who is an illustrious goddess and the patron saint of Athens, Greece (Art: A Brief History, 86). However, it did not highlight religion as many other temples did, but instead power, prestige, and patriotism (Greek Art, 14).The Parthenon emulates Classical architecture. That basically means that when people think of Classical Greek architecture, they think of the Parthenon because it is so clean-cut and neat with "harmonious proportions, subtle details, and rational relationship of part to part" (Art: A Brief History, 86). In fact, it refined Greek architecture by replacing the usual terra cotta with the finest Pentelic marble, and by using a cella and peristyle plan(Classical Civilizations 25). The cella is the main open room of a temple where an image of the god was erected. A peristyle is an open garden surrounded by columns. Optical illusions are implemented throughout the entire building. They are seen in the width of the columns to make the corner columns look to be equal in size to [Parthenon Frieze. 5th cent. BCE, 3 ft. tall http://www.sikyon       the other columns; and also the horizontal lines of the roof are curved slightly .com/athens/Parthenon/frieze01_eg.html]                             upward. If the horizontal lines were not arched, the stone looked as though it was sagging. Columns are wider at the bottom than the top because, from far away, they look more balanced and straight.  There are eight columns on the short sides of the temple and seventeen on the long sides. The architects used the algebraic equation  x=2y + 1  to build the Panthenon, so its proportions would be perfect. That equation was used to determine the number of columns, the distance between columns, and the size of the cella (Art Through the Ages, 150). Much planning went into the architecture of the Parthenon, and it still provides much inspiration for and is admired by architects today.    [Floor plan of the parthenon. 5th Century BCE.  http://www.greeklandscapes.com/images/destinations/acropolis/other_photos/parthenon_flooplan.jpg ]


Which mainland African country has the longest coastline?

Africa Map / Map of Africa - Facts, Geography, History of Africa - Worldatlas.com African History African Origin of Modern Humans As for Africa, scientists have formerly concluded that it is the birthplace of mankind, as large numbers of human-like fossils (discovered no where else) were found on the continent, some dating back 3.5 million years. About 1.75 million years ago, early man spread throughout parts of Africa. They became aggressive hunters, lived in caves and used fire and their ability to create stone tools just to survive. The Neanderthals arose some 200,000 years ago and inhabited regions in northern Africa and across parts of southern Europe. There is also clear evidence that they had control of fire, lived in caves, as well as open-air structures of stone and vegetation. One of the most important developments of primitive man was the creation of stone tools. By 5000 BC farming was somewhat common in the northern areas of Africa, as people were growing crops and herding livestock. During that time the Sahara Desert was a fertile area. Ancient African History In 3200 BC the Egyptian culture emerged along the lower reaches of the Nile River; it was among the earliest civilizations and their tools and weapons were made of bronze. They also pioneered the building of massive pyramids and temples. Egyptians also developed mathematics, an innovative system of medicine, irrigation and agricultural production techniques, writing and the first ships. In short, the Egyptians left a lasting legacy upon the world. Around 600 BC the use of metal tools spread across small population bases and farming groups in North Africa, and their use gradually spread south into what is now called South Africa. The Phoenicians were an enterprising maritime trading culture from Lebanon who spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BC to 300 BC. In 814 BC, they founded the city of Carthage in what is now Tunisia in north Africa; only to be destroyed by the Romans in 146 BC. Meanwhile, the Egyptians continued to spread their culture across Northern Africa, and kingdoms were created in Ethiopia and Sudan. The then-growing Roman Empire continued to expand its influence, and in 30 BC Egypt became a province of Rome; Morocco the same in 42 AD. Before the Middle Ages began, the Roman Empire collapsed and the Arabs quickly took their place on the continent. In 698-700 they invaded Tunis and Carthage and soon controlled all of coastal North Africa. The Arabs were Muslims, and most of North Africa converted to Islam; Ethiopia was the exception. Soon kingdoms emerged in Africa; they traded with the Arabs using gold plus a valuable commodity - slaves. One of the first kingdoms was Ghana, located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali. The empire grew rich from the trans-Saharan trade in gold and salt, but then lost its power in the 11th century. Additional kingdoms developed across the continent, including those in Benin and Mali. Both became rich by trading in gold, horse salt, and of course, slaves. And like most kingdoms before them on any continent, they were invaded and in the end destroyed. Mogadishu, the now largest city in Somalia, was settled by Arabs who traveled and traded on the east coast of Africa. The Arabs' reach extended to Zanzibar, which was used as a base for voyages between the Middle East and India. As other organized kingdoms were formed in central and southern Africa, the Portuguese began to explore the western coast of Africa. By 1445 they reached the Cape Verde Islands and the coast of Senegal, and the mouth of the River Congo in 1482. They even sailed around the Cape of Good Hope. African Colonization and the Slave Trade The continent-changing 16th Century began with Europeans transporting African slaves to the Americas for profit. A slave purchased on the African coast for the equivalent of 14 English pounds in bartered goods could sell for 45 pounds in the American market. The best-known method of commerce at the time was called the Triangular Trading System. It involved British and other European coun


Which Scottish King died in 1329 from a skin disease, rumoured to have been leprosy?

leprosy University of Malta Medical School, Malta George G. Buttigieg MD, FRCOG Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology University of Malta Medical School, Malta   ABSTRACT Throughout the Medieval Period, sufferers from Hansen’s Disease were often shunned by the community they lived in to be relegated to the lower strata of the social ladder. They often lost all their social rights being declared legally dead. This attitude was not universal, and a number of members of the royalty from various countries were apparently afflicted by the micro-organism but continued to rule their dominions. The evidence for the presence of Hansen’s Disease in a number individuals belonging to royal families is outlined.   INTRODUCTION Leprosy had long been rampant in the Eastern Mediterranean lands and apparently reached Europe during the Roman campaigns of the first century A.D. During the Medieval period, leprosy sufferers were often ostracized from society and condemned to living in seclusion without recourse to social contact with the community. They were declared legally dead and their goods were confiscated. Their spouse was however expected to honor the sacramental bond and serve the leper until his/her death. Once identified as a leper, a “Mass of Separation” (13th century) was performed by the priest at the site of the leper’s hut. The whole parish accompanied a newly identified leper to his/her new home as the priest performed the mass. A list of garments and utensils were given to the leper, each being blessed before the leper received it - very much like was done at clerical ordinations. During the Mass of Separation, The priest then stated the admonition: “I forbid you to ever enter a church, a monastery, a fair, a mill, a market or an assembly of people. I forbid you to leave your house unless dressed in your recognizable garb and also shod. I forbid you to wash your hands or to launder anything or to drink at any stream or fountain, unless using your own barrel or dipper. I forbid you to touch anything you buy or barter for, until it becomes your own. I forbid you to enter any tavern; and if you wish for wine, whether you buy it or it is given to you, have it funneled into your keg. I forbid you to share house with any woman but your wife. I command you, if accosted by anyone while traveling on a road, to set yourself down-wind of them before you answer. I forbid you to enter any narrow passage, lest a passerby bump into you. I forbid you, wherever you go, to touch the rim or the rope of a well without donning your gloves. I forbid you to touch any child or give them anything. I forbid you to drink or eat from any vessel but your own”. (4) The majority of those afflicted with leprosy were individuals belonging to the lower social classes. However, the disease transgressed all social borders and is known to have afflicted royalty. Two leper kings were to achieve notoriety and have recently featured in two epic films released by Twentieth Century Fox: “Braveheart” and “Kingdom of Heaven”. Other members of the royal families afflicted with the disease are less known. Robert I, King of the Scots (1306-1329) The film Braveheart released in 1995 featured the story of the Scottish warrior hero William Wallace who spearheaded the Scottish resistance to English dominion and defeated the English king Edward I at the Battle of Stirling in 1297. However, the following year was to see the defeat of Wallace at the battle of Falkirk, leading to his eventual capture and execution. Wallace’s capture is, in the film, attributed to betrayal instigated by Robert Bruce the sixth Lord of Annandale [died 1304]. Robert [portrayed by actor Ian Banner] is in the film presented as a leper living in seclusion, but still retaining control over political events around him and promoting the Bruce Family interests in their claim to the Scottish throne. While there is no documentary proof that the 6th Lord Annandale suffered from leprosy, his son Robert I [portrayed by actor Angus McFadyen] is believed to have developed leprosy in later adulthood. Robert I t


Which British Prime Minister arranged for Sir Roger Casement's bones to be returned to Ireland?

The Politics of Restitution: The 1964–66 Labour Government’s Policy Towards Ireland Article (PDF Available) in Diplomacy and Statecraft September 2004(3):613-638 · August 2010 with 35 Reads DOI: 10.1080/09592290490512364 5.47 · Jagiellonian University Abstract This article analyzes Harold Wilson’s policy towards the Republic of Ireland during the first eighteen months of his government. This article will demonstrate that the Labour government embarked upon a concerted effort to improve Anglo-Irish relations. In particular, the Labour government acceded to the Irish government’s time-honoured request to repatriate the remains of Roger Casement, and returned the flag that had flown over the General Post Office during the 1916 Rising. How successful these gestures were is a moot point. In the short-term it almost certainly did create a climate of goodwill between the British and Irish governments. In the longer-term, however, it could be argued these gestures served to stimulate republican sentiment in Ireland, and perhaps contributed to heightening the tensions within Northern Ireland in the late 1960s. Discover the world's research CitationsCitations2 ReferencesReferences20


In mythology what was the name of the girl who wove so beautifully that the jealous goddess Athene turned her into a spider?

The Story of Arachne, the Weaver DLTK's Countries and Cultures - Greek Mythology The Story of Arachne, the Weaver written by James Baldwin, adapted and illustrated by Leanne Guenther -- based on Greek mythology There was a young girl in  Greece whose name was Arachne.  Her face was pale but fair,  and her hair was long and dark.  All that she cared to do  from morn till noon was to sit in the sun and spin; and all that  she cared to do from noon till night was to sit in the shade and weave. And oh, how fine and fair  were the things which she wove on her loom!  Flax, wool,  silk—she worked with them all; and when they came from her  hands, the cloth which she had made of them was so thin and soft  and bright that people came from all parts of the world to see  it.  And they said that cloth so rare could not be made of  flax, or wool, or silk, but that the warp was of rays of  sunlight and the woof was of threads of gold. Then as, day by day, the  girl sat in the sun and spun, or sat in the shade and wove, she  said:  "In all the world there is no yarn so fine as mine,  and in all the world there is no cloth so soft and smooth, nor  silk so bright and rare." One afternoon as she sat in the shade  weaving and talking with passers by, some one asked of her, "Who  taught you to spin and weave so well?" "No one taught me," Arachne  replied.  "I learned how to do it as I sat in the sun and  the shade; but no one showed me." "But it may be that Athena,  godess of wisdom, taught you, and you did not know it." "Athena?  Bah!"  said Arachne.  "How could she teach me?  Can she spin  such skeins of yarn as these?  Can she weave goods like  mine?  I should like to see her try.  I can likely  teach her a thing or two." She looked up and saw in the doorway a tall  woman wrapped in a long cloak.  Her face was fair to see,  but stern, oh, so stern!  And her gray eyes were so sharp  and bright that Arachne could not meet her gaze. "Arachne," said the woman, "I am Athena, the  godess of craft and wisdom, and I have heard your boast.  Are you certain you still mean to say that you can spin and  weave as well as I?" Arachne's cheeks grew pale, but she said:  "Yes.  I can weave as well as you." "Then let me tell you what we will do," said  Athena.  "Three days from now we will both weave; you on  your loom, and I on mine.  We will ask all who wish to come  and see us; and great Zeus, who sits in the clouds, shall be the  judge.  And if your work is best, then I will weave no more  so long as the world shall last; but if my work is best, then  you shall never use loom or spindle.  Do you agree to this?" "I agree," said Arachne. "Very well," said Athena.  And she was gone. When the time came for the contest in weaving,  hundreds were there to see it, and great Zeus sat among the  clouds and looked on. Arachne took her skeins of finest silk and  began to weave.  And she wove a web of marvelous beauty, so  thin and light that it would float in the air, and yet so strong  that it could hold a lion in its meshes; and the threads of warp  and woof were of many colors, so beautifully arranged and  mingled one with another that all who saw were filled with delight. "No wonder that the maiden boasted of her  skill," said the people and Zeus himself nodded. Then Athena began to weave.  And she took  of the sunbeams that gilded the mountain top, and of the snowy  fleece of the summer clouds, and of the blue ether of the summer  sky, and of the bright green of the summer fields, and of the  royal purple of the autumn woods,—and what do you suppose she wove? The web which she wove was full of enchanting  pictures of flowers and gardens, and of castles and towers, and  of mountain heights, and of men and beasts, and of giants and  dwarfs, and of the mighty beings who dwell in the clouds with  Zeus.  And those who looked upon it were so filled with  wonder and delight, that they forgot all about the beautiful web  which Arachne had woven.  And Arachne hers


Which spice gives curry its traditional yellow colour?

What Gives Curry That Golden Yellow Color? What Gives Curry That Golden Yellow Color? What Gives Curry That Golden Yellow Color? The Special Ingredient is Super Healthy and Great on Lots of Foods Turmeric is a Great Cooking Ingredient That is Also Great for Our Bodies.  Nancy Lopez-McHugh By Nancy Lopez-McHugh Updated November 16, 2015. Often times curry dishes have a golden colour, have you ever wondered what gives them that colour? The answer is turmeric.    What is Turmeric? Turmeric, also known as curcuma in some languages, is classified as a rhizome. The botanical definition is as follows, "a thick plant stem that grows underground and has shoots and roots growing from it ". Turmeric is in the same rhizome classification as ginger and they are often used similarly. Turmeric comes from Indian and it is very popular in Asian cuisines and traditional medicine.    When turmeric and ginger roots are fresh they look alike on the outside. It is important to give them a good look over as one is not interchangeable for the other. In my personal experience I've found fresh turmeric to generally be thinner and have a tad rougher outer skin. Fresh ginger root has a light yellowish-brown skin, whereas turmeric has an orange hue to it. When you peel turmeric it reveals its beautiful orang-y golden colour. continue reading below our video Why the Vitamix is Way Cooler Than You Even Thought Turmeric is sold raw or it is boiled and dried before being processed into the different forms we find in the spice isle of our grocery stores.    What Does Turmeric Smell and Taste Like? The scent of turmeric is earthy and much more pungent than ginger. The taste has a slight bitterness to it followed by some earthiness and aromatic tones, but generally the taste can be considered mild. There really isn't too much of a difference in taste between the raw turmeric root and the dried and ground powder. Overall, the smell and taste of turmeric is quite pleasant.  Turmeric itself is not spicy like a chile pepper, and it also doesn't have that zestiness that ginger has; But it does pair perfectly with ginger, chilies, and other spicy ingredients. While the taste may not be strong, turmeric does add a nice touch to countless foods -- it's not just for curry.    What is Turmeric Used For?   • Culinary Uses: In Indian and many other Asian cuisines, turmeric is used as a spice for dishes and drinks.It is often combined with aromatic spices to create a range of seasoning mixes, like curry powders and more.Whether you make your own curry spice mixes or pastes, turmeric is often an ingredient called for. Many curry recipes use not only the prepared curry spice mix or paste, but additional fresh or ground turmeric powder. This results in the curry having that golden colour that makes the dish so attractive.  But did you know that it isn't only curry that gets its yellow colour from turmeric? The golden root is a very common ingredient in many of the foods in our grocery store. It is used greatly because it gives foods a yellowish colour. In some cases turmeric is used instead of saffron since they yield a very similar colour. You really must pay attention to food labels so that you aren't paying saffron prices for much less expensive turmeric. The following foods can all have turmeric added to them so they achieve their shade of yellow: mustard, mayonnaise, yogurt, salad dressings, margarine, chicken broth and bouillon cubes, spice mixes -- the list goes on and all you need to do is read the ingredients lists on processed foods to find the added turmeric.  It isn't that it's a bad thing that turmeric is added to many foods, in fact turmeric is quite healthy ; it is simply the fact that one must be aware of what they are paying for and consuming.    • Commercial Dye: In addition to dying foods, turmeric is used to colour fabrics and yarns.    • Medicinal and Cosmetic Uses: Throughout Asian, and in its many traditional medicines, turmeric is prized for its many health benefits. The golden "miracle" spice, as it is sometimes referred to, is used to for its ant


Which professional baker is a judge on 'The Great British Bake-Off' alongside Mary Berry?

BBC - Food - Chefs : Paul Hollywood recipes FAQs Paul Hollywood Professional baker Paul Hollywood became a household name after appearing as a judge on BBC Two series The Great British Bake Off, alongside home cook Mary Berry. However he’s been busily baking since his teenage years when he became an apprentice at his father’s bakery. Paul has worked as Head Baker at some of Britain’s most exclusive hotels, including Cliveden, the Chester Grosvenor and The Dorchester. His TV career started in 1999 when he co-hosted programmes with James Martin for the Carlton food network and CFN Taste. He has since appeared on TV programmes such as Richard and Judy, This Morning, Ready Steady Cook and Great Food Live. Paul runs an artisanal baking business, judges The Baking Industry Awards and contributes to articles for many UK food and lifestyle magazines. Paul Hollywood's recipes


Who directed the 2011 Hollywood version of 'The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo'?

The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) R | From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Journalist Mikael Blomkvist is aided in his search for a woman who has been missing for forty years by Lisbeth Salander, a young computer hacker. Director: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 34 titles created 07 May 2015 a list of 48 titles created 03 Jun 2015 a list of 28 titles created 14 Sep 2015 a list of 43 titles created 6 months ago a list of 24 titles created 2 months ago Title: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011) 7.8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    27 wins & 85 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A journalist is aided in his search for a woman who has been missing -- or dead -- for forty years by a young female hacker. Director: Niels Arden Oplev In the late 1960s/early 1970s, a San Francisco cartoonist becomes an amateur detective obsessed with tracking down the Zodiac Killer, an unidentified individual who terrorizes Northern California with a killing spree. Director: David Fincher Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg creates the social networking site that would become known as Facebook, but is later sued by two brothers who claimed he stole their idea, and the co-founder who was later squeezed out of the business. Director: David Fincher A divorced woman and her diabetic daughter take refuge in their newly-purchased house's safe room, when three men break-in, searching for a missing fortune. Director: David Fincher Nicholas Van Orton is a very wealthy San Francisco banker, but he is an absolute loner, even spending his birthday alone. In the year of his 48th birthday (the age his father committed ... See full summary  » Director: David Fincher As computer hacker Lisbeth and journalist Mikael investigate a sex-trafficking ring, Lisbeth is accused of three murders, causing her to go on the run while Mikael works to clear her name. Director: Daniel Alfredson Tells the story of Benjamin Button, a man who starts aging backwards with bizarre consequences. Director: David Fincher Bond's loyalty to M is tested when her past comes back to haunt her. Whilst MI6 comes under attack, 007 must track down and destroy the threat, no matter how personal the cost. Director: Sam Mendes Lisbeth is recovering in a hospital and awaiting trial for three murders when she is released. Mikael must prove her innocence, but Lisbeth must be willing to share the details of her sordid experiences with the court. Director: Daniel Alfredson A committed dancer wins the lead role in a production of Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake" only to find herself struggling to maintain her sanity. Director: Darren Aronofsky With a childhood tragedy that overshadowed their lives, three men are reunited by circumstance when one has a family tragedy. Director: Clint Eastwood With his wife's disappearance having become the focus of an intense media circus, a man sees the spotlight turned on him when it's suspected that he may not be innocent. Director: David Fincher Edit Storyline This English-language adaptation of the Swedish novel by Stieg Larsson follows a disgraced journalist, Mikael Blomkvist ( Daniel Craig ), as he investigates the disappearance of a wealthy patriarch's niece from 40 years ago. He is aided by the pierced, tattooed, punk computer hacker named Lisbeth Salander ( Rooney Mara ). As they work together in the investigation, Blomkvist and Salander uncover


Which South African batsman scored 311 not out against England at the Oval in July 2012?

Cricket: Amla sets new South African record with 311 not out Cricket: Amla sets new South African record with 311 not out Tweet Share Hashim Amla became the first South Africa batsman to score 300 in a Test match when he reached the landmark against England on the fourth day of the first Test at The Oval here on Sunday. In the process he broke the previous South Africa individual Test innings record of team-mate AB de Villiers, who made 278 not out against Pakistan in Abu Dhabi in November 2010. Amla was on 311 not out when South Africa captain Graeme Smith declared his side's first innings on a mammoth 637 for two; a lead of 252 runs. In all, Amla faced 529 balls and struck 35 fours in what was the 29-year-old's 15th Test century, which far exceeded his previous personal highest of 253 not out against India at Nagpur in 2010. Leading Test scores by South Africa batsmen (player, runs, opponents venue, year): Hashim Amla 311 no v England The Oval 2012 AB de Villiers 278 no v Pakistan Abu Dhabi 2010 Graeme Smith 277 v England Birmingham 2003 Daryll Cullinan 275 no v New Zealand Auckland 1999 Gary Kirsten 275 v England Durban 1999 Graeme Pollock 274 v Australia Durban 1970 afp12


Which Rugby League player has appeared in a record 10 Super League Grand Finals?

Super League Dream Team includes Jamie Peacock for an 11th time | Rugby League News | Sky Sports Super League Dream Team includes Jamie Peacock for an 11th time Last Updated: 28/09/15 6:40pm Jamie Peacock has been named in the Dream Team for an 11th time Leeds forward Jamie Peacock has been named in Super League's Dream Team for a record-extending 11th and final time. The former England captain, who is retiring at the end of the season, was first chosen in the mythical form team of the season in 2000 when he was a 22-year-old second rower with Bradford. Now at the age of 37, he has been selected in the Dream Team front row for the third year running. "It's an honour to be in there again," Peacock said. "There's some really strong candidates in my position this year. "Certainly [Castleford props] Andy Lynch and Grant Millington and [Warrington's] Chris Hill have been fantastic. "I've tried to play consistently well this year. My aim was to play well in the games that matter, which are the knockout games and the Challenge Cup, and I think I've delivered on that. Peacock (centre left) lifts the League Leaders' Shield after victory at Huddersfield "Also, to play well against the best teams - and I think my performances in those games have been as good as they ever have. I've enjoyed this year." Peacock admits he has considered changing his mind about retirement but says he will go through with his plans to hang up his boots next month and take up a role as football manager with Hull KR. "I'm choosing to retire and I'm pleased about that but I know for sure that I could go round again," he said. "It has gone through my mind but I want to finish this year and move on to a new challenge." Peacock is joined by three of his Rhinos team-mates who have completed two-thirds of a potential treble by landing the Challenge Cup and League Leaders' Shield. Leeds Rhinos lift the league leaders shield with victory over Huddersfield One of them, Australian forward Adam Cuthbertson, is one of seven newcomers, while Zak Hardaker and Kallum Watkins are among four players to keep their places from the 2014 team. The new faces also include Huddersfield winger Jermaine McGillvary, who finished the season as Super League's top tryscorer with 27 touchdowns, including 13 in the Super 8s as the Giants clinched a place in this week's semi-finals. Huddersfield's Jermaine McGillvary is the leading tryscorer in Super League Hardaker, Cuthbertson and St Helens prop Alex Walmsley are also in line for the major individual prize after being short-listed for the Man of Steel award, which will be announced next Monday in the build-up to the Grand Final at Old Trafford. The spread of clubs represented in the team, which is selected by a panel of journalists and broadcasters, reflects the close nature of the 2015 competition which went down to the very last second when Ryan Hall's 200th try for Leeds in Friday's epic clash with Huddersfield helped them secure top spot on points difference ahead of Wigan. 2015 First Utility Super League Dream Team: Z Hardaker (Leeds); J McGillvary (Huddersfield), K Watkins (Leeds), M Shenton (Castleford), J Burgess (Wigan); D Brough (Huddersfield), L Gale (Castleford); J Peacock (Leeds), J Roby (St Helens), A Walmsley (St Helens), Z Taia (Catalans Dragons), L Farrell (Wigan), A Cuthbertson (Leeds). Watch the Super League Super 8s semi-finals on Thursday (Wigan v Huddersfield) and Friday (Leeds v St Helens), live on Sky Sports 1 HD from 7.30pm.


What is the more common name for the condition Circadian Dysrhythmia?

Circadian Rhythm Disorders: Sleep Disorders | Cleveland Clinic Home / Health Library / Articles / Circadian Rhythm Disorders Circadian Rhythm Disorders Circadian rhythm disorders are disruptions in a person’s circadian rhythm—a name given to the "internal body clock" that regulates the (approximately) 24-hour cycle of biological processes in animals and plants. Share Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Print What are circadian rhythm disorders? Circadian rhythm disorders are disruptions in a person’s circadian rhythm—a name given to the "internal body clock" that regulates the (approximately) 24-hour cycle of biological processes in animals and plants. The term circadian comes from Latin words that literally mean "around the day." The key feature of circadian rhythm disorders is a continuous or occasional disruption of sleep patterns. The disruption results from either a malfunction in the "internal body clock" or a mismatch between the "internal body clock" and the external environment regarding the timing and duration of sleep. As a result of the circadian mismatch, individuals with these disorders usually complain of insomnia at certain times and excessive sleepiness at other times of the day, resulting in work, school, or social impairment. The following is a brief description of the more common circadian rhythm disorders. Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder is a circadian rhythm disorder most common in adolescents and young adults whose "night owl" tendencies delay sleep onset -- often until 2 a.m. or later. If allowed to sleep in late (often as late as 3 p.m.), sleep deprivation does not occur. However, earlier wake up times can lead to daytime sleepiness and impaired work and school performance. These individuals are often perceived as lazy, unmotivated, or poor performers who are chronically tardy for morning obligations. People with delayed sleep phase syndrome are often most alert, productive, and creative late at night. Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder is usually seen in the elderly. This disorder is identified by regular early evening bedtimes (6 p.m. - 9 p.m.) and early morning awakenings (2 a.m. - 5 a.m.). People with advanced sleep phase syndrome are "morning larks" and typically complain of early morning awakening or insomnia as well as sleepiness in the late afternoon or early evening. Jet Lag results from a conflict between the pattern of sleep and wakefulness between the internal biological clock and that of a new time zone. Individuals find it hard to adjust and function optimally in the new time zone. Eastward travel is more difficult than westward travel because it is easier to delay sleep than to advance sleep. Shift Work Disorder affects people who frequently rotate shifts or work at night. Work schedules conflicts with the body’s natural circadian rhythm and some individuals have difficulty adjusting to the change. Shift work disorder is identified by a constant or recurrent pattern of sleep interruption that results in insomnia or excessive sleepiness. The diagnosis of circadian rhythm disorders is challenging and often requires a consultation with a sleep specialist. Keeping a detailed sleep history and a sleep log for 1 to 2 weeks is essential. It is also important to exclude other sleep and medical disorders, including narcolepsy, which often mimics delayed sleep phase disorder. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which people experience excessive daytime sleepiness and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime despite adequate sleep. Sleep diaries are often complemented by actigraphy, a method of recording sleep and wake using a wrist motion monitor for a period of days to weeks. Overnight and daytime sleep testing may be required. Sleep studies must be tailored to address the sleep pattern of the individual. This may require that testing be performed at unconventional times, for example, an ‘overnight’ sleep study might be performed during the day in a shift worker. Treatment Options Treatment options for circadian rhythm disorders vary based on the type of disorder and the degree to whi


What was the name of the parrot who taught Doctor Dolittle to talk to the animals?

Doctor Dolittle | Children's Books Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia The database needs some new entries! This article has an excess of red links in it. Please create new articles from these links. Description Hugh Lofting 's Doctor Dolittle series are sories about Doctor Dolittle and the animals he kept. He loved animals, but when Polynesia the parrot taught him to talk to the animals he liked them better than ever. He was totally unbothered by how much money he had, once going on a journey to Africia to escape the fact that he had no money. There are 12 books about Doctor Dolittle. Each book has him doing something different with his wonderful collection of animals. Reader's Reviews Please add your review here. Books in the series The Story of Doctor Dolittle (1920) began the series. The sequel The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle (1922) won the prestigious Newbery Medal. The next three, Doctor Dolittle's Post Office , (1923), Doctor Dolittle's Circus (1924) and Doctor Dolittle's Caravan (1926) are all actually prequels (or "midquels", as they take place during the events of The Story of Doctor Dolittle ). Five more followed, and after Lofting's death two more volumes, composed of short unpublished pieces, appeared. The books, in order of publication, are:


The name of the coffee shop chain Starbucks was inspired by a character in which book?

Company Information | Starbucks Coffee Company Starbucks Coffee Company All Starbucks® Coffees Company Information To say Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees is very true. That’s the essence of what we do – but it hardly tells the whole story. Our Heritage Every day, we go to work hoping to do two things: share great coffee with our friends and help make the world a little better. It was true when the first Starbucks opened in 1971, and it’s just as true today. Back then, the company was a single store in Seattle’s historic Pike Place Market. From just a narrow storefront, Starbucks offered some of the world’s finest fresh-roasted whole bean coffees. The name, inspired by Moby Dick, evoked the romance of the high seas and the seafaring tradition of the early coffee traders. In 1981, Howard Schultz (Starbucks chairman and chief executive officer) had first walked into a Starbucks store. From his first cup of Sumatra, Howard was drawn into Starbucks and joined a year later. In 1983, Howard traveled to Italy and became captivated with Italian coffee bars and the romance of the coffee experience. He had a vision to bring the Italian coffeehouse tradition back to the United States. A place for conversation and a sense of community. A third place between work and home. He left Starbucks for a short period of time to start his own Il Giornale coffeehouses and returned in August 1987 to purchase Starbucks with the help of local investors. From the beginning, Starbucks set out to be a different kind of company. One that not only celebrated coffee and the rich tradition, but that also brought a feeling of connection. Our mission to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Expect More Than Coffee We’re not just passionate purveyors of coffee, but everything else that goes with a full and rewarding coffeehouse experience. We also offer a selection of premium teas, fine pastries and other delectable treats to please the taste buds. And the music you hear in store is chosen for its artistry and appeal. It’s not unusual to see people coming to Starbucks to chat, meet up or even work. We’re a neighborhood gathering place, a part of the daily routine – and we couldn’t be happier about it. Get to know us and you’ll see: we are so much more than what we brew. We make sure everything we do is through the lens of humanity – from our commitment to the highest quality coffee in the world, to the way we engage with our customers and communities to do business responsibly. Learn More About Us Awards and honors we've received. Our Company


Who wrote the novel 'The Secret Agent', first published in 1907?

The Secret Agent, Joseph Conrad, 1907 A Note on the Text The text We use for copy-text of this online edition the 1907 book version, as published in the 1963 Penguin Twentieth Century Classics edition, ISBN 0-14-018096-6. This edition was edited by Martin Seymour-Smith, who holds a 1984 copyright on his excellent introduction. The text itself is no longer under the copyright held at the time of the first Penguin edition, 1963, then by the Trustees of the Joseph Conrad Estate and J. M. Dent & Co. To the 1907 copy-text we add the 1920 author's preface given in the Penguin edition. We have followed this text's spelling and punctuation except in a few instances. We have used the HTML "&ampquot;" entity to stand for quotation marks around speech, in place of the single quote that is the usual British style. (In the introduction we have followed the original style.) Most browsers will render """ as a double quote, as in American style. However, the mark will be inside punctuation marks such as commas, when that was the case in the original. Secondly, we have substituted a double minus sign or hyphen for the em dash rendered in the original as "space hyphen space". Finally, we substitute a capital "D" in larger type for the original Greek capital delta sign (a triangle) as code for Verloc. Publishing history According to Mr Seymour-Smith's Penguin introduction, Conrad wrote The Secret Agent in 1906 for the magazine, Ridway's: A Militant Weekly for God and Country. Called Verloc, this was to be a short story. The J. M. Dent book edition in 1907 was changed extensively, according to Mr Seymour-Smith, especially the ending. Another HTML text online of The Secret Agent is from Data Text Corporation, at the Bibliomania site, either in the U.K. or in the U.S. They too seem to have used the Penguin text. For those interested in collecting first editions, we have seen one at Hawthorn Books, 7 College Park Drive, Bristol BS10 7AN, England, tel:+44 0117-9 509175, fax:+44 0117-9 592260, owners Nora and Tony Aldridge. Asking $1,200. Those who prefer to read the book in another form can order the Classics Illustrated comic book edition for about $3.95 from tel:+1 800 569 2434 or tel:+1 312 664 7852 or fax:+1 312 664 5269, 919 N. Michigan Ave, Suite 3700, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Further information Originally we had planned to add some notes to this online edition as necessary explanations for modern, especially American, readers. Please read Mr Seymour-Smith's introduction instead. "Ticket-of-leave" in the text refers to a convict on parole, who can be sent back to prison for bad behavior. Irish nationalists were termed "Fenians." Film versions The Secret Agent has been made into a film in 1996. Directed by Christoper Hampton, it stars Bob Hoskins, Patricia Arquette, Robin Williams, and Christian Bale. It is available on video tape. You may also be interested in the 1936 Alfred Hitchcock film, "Sabotage"--not "Saboteur"--which is based on the novel. It starred Joyce Barbour and Oscar Homolka. It is also known as "A Woman Alone." Some video stores rent it, and it often plays on late-night television.


Which long-running Radio 4 panel game was created by Ian Messiter?

"Just a Minute" : Ian Messiter : 9781405688697 "Just a Minute" Humour About Ian Messiter The formula for this long-running and popular radio panel game was devised in the early 1950s by Ian Messiter, a Light Entertainment producer who was on the staff of the BBC from 1942 to 1952. Although Just A Minute was Messiter's preferred name for the show, the Head of Light Entertainment thought this too slick - and insisted the show be called One Minute, Please. The idea came from a humiliating experience that Messiter had suffered as a schoolboy at Sherborne. The 13-year-old had been staring out of the window, daydreaming during a Latin class. Suddenly the Latin master, Parry-Jones, told him to come up to the front of the class and repeat what had just been said without hesitating or repeating himself. Of course he couldn't, and the resultant caning in front of the class provided a lasting lesson. In that first show Roy Plomley acted as Chairman, with Gilbert Harding, Kenneth Horne and Reggie Purdell pitting their wits against Yvonne Arnaud, Valerie Hobson and Nan Kenway. One Minute, Please was responsible for introducing the versatile talents of the artist, tuba player and raconteur Gerard Hoffnung to a wider audience. It was on the show that Hoffnung first told his famous Bricklayer Story, which was used to warm up the audience before the start of the programme. In 1952 Messiter left the BBC and set up a commercial radio station in Johannesburg. According to Ian's wife Enid Messiter, it was here that Just A Minute first went on air in the format we know. Ian Messiter produced and chaired the programme, and Enid herself played Chopin's Minute Waltz for these South African recordings. In 1967 the Messiters returned to England, and a pilot edition of Just A Minute was proposed to Roy Rich, then Head of Light Entertainment for BBC radio. The pilot was made, but initially rejected. Producer David Hatch threatened to resign unless it was offered to BBC Radio 4 planners. It was, and the rest is history. In addition to the radio series, there have been several TV series on both ITV and BBC. For many years the regular panellists included Clement Freud, Derek Nimmo, Kenneth Williams and Peter Jones. As their numbers dwindled in the early 1990s, however, an increasing number of guests joined the show. Paul Merton has become a mainstay of latter-day Just A Minute, while many others now form a pool of semi-regular contestants. In 2003 the programme won a Gold Sony Radio Academy Award, and in 2012 it celebrated its 45th year. With Nicholas Parsons at the helm for its entire tenure, Just A Minute has been a continually popular feature of the Radio 4 schedules. Decade after decade it has succeeded in both finding new fans and pleasing its legion of loyal older ones. show more Follow us


Who replaced Chris Moyles as presenter of the Radio One Breakfast Show in September 2012?

Nick Grimshaw to replace Chris Moyles on Radio 1 breakfast show | Daily Mail Online 'Thank you for listening': Nick Grimshaw to replace Chris Moyles on Radio 1 breakfast show Moyles has another 18 months on his contract at Radio 1 The changeover will take place at the end of September - when Moyles starts the touring production of Jesus Christ Superstar Breakfast show has an average of 7.1million listeners, down from a peak of 11.8 million in 2010 Moyles was BBC's longest-serving breakfast presenter with eight and a half year stint