What name was given to the 17th Century chair with shafts, borne by two servants?

Furniture (C) - Encylopedia Of Antiques Home Furniture (C) - Encylopedia Of Antiques Other Encyclopedias: [Biography]   [Clocks And Watches]   [Furntiure]   [Glass]   [Metals]   [Pottery And Porcelain]   [Textiles]   CABINET-MAKERS: (French, Ebeniste). Until the end of the 17th century the craft of the woodworker had been vested in the carpenter and j oiner, who were responsible both for design and workmanship. The influx of new workmen into England from the Continent, following the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, caused the craftsmen in wood to organize-as cabinetmakers. They were no longer to be joiners and carpenters; they were to make furniture only. Early in the 18th century cabinet-making had become a distinct industry. CABINETS: A development of the enclosed cupboard known in England at an early date, and in general use throughout Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries. These were nearly always in two parts. The upper was usually with doors, which, being opened, disclosed tiers of drawers sometimes built about a central cupboard or pigeon-hole recesses. The lower part was in the form of a table or lowboy. The "press" cabinet had drawers in the lower part, also, and was virtually a cabinet set on a low chest of drawers. Some of the cabinets of the 17th century were ornate specimens of workmanship with inlay oz marquetry the leading feature of decoration. Some were of Oriental makes imported from the East. CABINETS, CHINA: The china cabinet or cupboard for the display of Oriental china came into use during the William and Mary period. The top portion was fitted with shelves and glazed doors. Doors also enclosed the lower part but had no glass. This type of cabinet was also used as a book-case. CABOCHON: A plain round or oval surface, convex or concave, enclosed within ornamentation. The cabochon-and-leaf style in England was in vogue from 1735 to the time of Chippendale's prominence. CABRIOLE LEG: This form of leg on furniture introduced into England from Holland became a feature in the reign of William and Mary and continued a distinctive mark through the Queen Anne period. It was in use in France and Italy prior to its appearance in England. It is the generic name for furniture made with a knee leg and concaved ankle. It was at first made with stretchers between the legs of chairs but these were gradually abandoned. It originally had the "hoof" foot, in time becoming the "club" foot, the "duck-bill" or "pad" foot as it was variously known. The cabriole leg was used on furniture in all positions where previously the turned leg had occurred. CAMEL- BACK Name given to the back of chairs of the Hepplewhite style with the raised curve in the center of the shield. CANAPE: A French settee or a divan. Originally a couch with canopy of mosquito curtains. CANDELABRUM: See PART 5. CANDLES: In England in the 17th and 18th centuries, candles were made both of tallow and of wax. In this country early candles were made of mutton tallow, usually, but there were candles made from the wax of the bayberry, a pale green in color, giving a soft light and a pleasant odor. Candles were made by molding or dipping. For the former process, tin or pewter molds, two, four or more together were used. Dipping was a much slower process. Spermaceti candles were introduced in 1748 at Boston. Candles were mounted in either plain candlesticks or by sconces (wall brackets) for wall lighting, candle stands of wood or of wrought iron, or by hook pendants of iron. The elaborate chandeliers of the 18th century were fitted for use with candles. There were many variations of all of these methods of early lighting. See LIGHTS, PART 5. CANDLE STANDS: In the 17th century these were made of wood or of wrought iron fitted with holders for one or more candles. In the 18th century, walnut or mahogany was used and some of them in latter part of the century were elaborately carved and called Torcheres. They were 3 1/2 to 4 1/2 feet high with a tripod base and a circular flat top, designed to hold the candlestick. In this country three-legged stands of the Wi


What part was played by Patrick Newell in 'The Avengers' TV series?

The Avengers Forever: Patrick Newell Mother, 1968-69 by Pete Stampede In his entry in Who's Who On Television in the late   70's, Patrick Newell defined himself as "Actor with a weight problem—the more he   diets, the less work he seems to get." In contemporary interviews quoted in Dave   Rogers' books, he stated that landing the role of Mother was probably the best break of   his career. It certainly proved to be his most notable assignment. Patrick David Newell was born in Hadleigh, Suffolk on 27th March 1932 and   educated at Taunton School. He modestly claimed that   when at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), he realised that the talent of fellow   students, including Albert Finney and Peter O'Toole, far outstripped his own; and so, in   order to patent his own niche as an actor, he deliberately started putting on weight.   After doing National Service, where Michael Caine was a fellow conscript, he began to be   seen frequently on TV, in dramatic and comedic roles, and in the former category, nearly   always as a fat villain. Guest roles in series episodes and one-offs included a serial   with the irresistibly dated title Walk A Crooked Mile (1961); Storyboard, "The Long Spoon" (1961), one of the many anthology series then proliferating; Maigret, "The Liars" (BBC, 1961), the hugely successful Georges Simenon adaptation that unfortunately made star   Rupert Davies one of the first TV victims of typecasting. He played a Greek in the now obscure series The    Sentimental Agent, "A Little Sweetness and Light" (ATV/ITC, 1962), also guest-starring lantern-jawed Patrick    Allen (seen in " Kill the King " and " The Thirteenth Hole "); Danger   Man/Secret Agent, "Battle of the Cameras" (ATV/ITC, 1964) as Alex, a   likeable aide to Patrick McGoohan; Smugglers Bay (1964), a children's serial, in   one episode as a bailiff; Thorndyke, "The Old Lag" (BBC, 1964), a   forgotten detective series starring Peter Copley, seen in "All Done With   Mirrors" during Newell's stint as Mother; The Idiot (BBC, 1966) as Lebediev in   an adaptation of Dostoyevsky starring David Buck, an occasional Hammer lead, in the title   role of Prince Myshkin, and Send Foster, "Hole in the Road" (1967), a   series so obscure that I've been unable to get any other details about it. Given his rotund appearance and ability for playing slightly stuffy types, he was a   natural stooge in several comedy shows, first for the annoying Arthur Askey ("Hello   playmates!") in Arthur's Treasured Volumes (ATV, 1960), then for   walrus-moustached Jimmy Edwards in Six More Faces Of Jim, "The Face of   Perseverance", "The Face of Loyalty" and "The Face of Tradition" (BBC, 1962), with Ronnie Barker also supporting. A   Comedy Playhouse episode, "Fools Rush In" (BBC, 1963), as a cook to a   retired major (Deryck Guyler), didn't go to a series. The Illustrated Weekly Hudd (BBC, 1966) had Newell as a regular support to practically the last survivor of music   hall, Roy Hudd; he performed a similar function in Room At The Bottom (BBC, 1967),   a one-series, factory-set vehicle for Carry On star Kenneth Connor (and nothing to   do with an 80's sitcom with the same title). Newell's first film role was as "First Brewer's Man" in Dial 999 (1955), a second feature not to be confused with a TV series of the same name, at the same   time. Unbilled, he could be spotted among the crowd of onlookers at Tony Hancock's   exhibition of his (so-called) art in The Rebel (1961). Never Mention Murder (1964), one of the many   Edgar Wallace B movies produced at Merton Park studios by Season Six production controller Jack Greenwood, had Dudley Foster in a key role, and Newell last on the cast list as a barman. Oddities include a   Children's Film Foundation serial, Danny The Dragon (1966), and playing Mr. Hearty   in a short, Bindle (1966), subtitled "One of Them Days", an unsuccessful   attempt to repopularise a Cockney character from the very early days of British films,   here played by Alfie Bass. The


Which bone in the human body is at the front but sounds like its at the back?

Skeletal System Anatomy, Diagram & Function Written and medically reviewed by the Healthline Editorial Team Co-developed by: In Depth: Skeletal Although a skeleton sometimes symbolizes death and creepy, scary things, it is one of the body’s most life-giving systems. Unlike other living organs, bones are firm and strong, but they have their own blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. There are two types of tissue inside bones: Compact bone: This hard and dense tissue makes up the outer layer of most bones and the main shaft of long bones, such as those in the arms and legs. Nerves and blood vessels live inside this tissue. Spongy bone: This tissue is made up of smaller plates filled with red bone marrow. It is found at the ends of long bones, like the head of the femur, and at the center of other bones. Red bone marrow forms most of the blood cells in the body and helps destroy old blood cells. Another type of marrow, yellow bone marrow, resides in the central cavities of long bones. It is mostly made up of fat. However, if the body suffers large amounts of blood loss, it can convert yellow marrow to red to make more blood cells. The skull consists of 22 separate bones that make up the cranium, the housing for the brain. Twenty-one of those bones are fused together by sutures, nearly rigid fibrous joints. The lower-most bone of the skull is the mandible, or jawbone. The spine, or vertebral column, is a series of irregularly shaped bones in the back that connects to the skull. At birth, humans have 33 or 34 of these bones. But bones fuse as we age, and the result is 26 separate bones in the spines of adults. The rib cage is made up of 12 pairs of bones that encase vital organs in the chest. The bones curve from the back at the vertebral column to the front of the body. The upper seven pairs meet with the sternum, or chest bone. The remaining five pairs are attached to each other via cartilage or do not connect. The muscles of the shoulders and arms include the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), humerus, radius, ulna, and the bones of the wrist and hand. The hip bones are three sets of bones—ilia, ischia, and pubes—that fuse together as we grow older. These form the majority of the pelvis at the base of the spine as well as the socket of the hip joint. The sacrum—five fused bones and at the bottom of the spine—and the coccyx, or tailbone, make the rest of the bones in the pelvic region. The head of the femur, the largest and longest bone in the body, creates the other half of the hip joint and extends down to form part of the knee. It begins the bones of the leg. The other bones of the leg include the tibia, fibula, and the bones of the ankle and foot. The most common condition that affects bones is fracture, or when a bone endures such a great impact that it breaks. Other common conditions that affect the skeletal system include: Osteoporosis: This is a disease in which the bones become fragile and prone to fracture. Leukemia: This is a cancer of the white blood cells. Osteopenia, osteitis deformans, and osteomalacia: Similar to osteoporosis, these are other types of bone loss. Scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis: These are abnormalities of the spinal curve. About Healthline BodyMaps BodyMaps is an interactive visual search tool that allows users to explore the human body in 3-D. With          easy-to-use navigation, users can search multiple layers of the human anatomy, view systems and organs          down to their smallest parts, and understand in detail how the human body works. Using detailed 3-D models of body parts-including muscles, veins, bones, and organs-BodyMaps offers a new          way to visualize and manage your health. See how the coronary artery delivers blood to the heart, and learn how plaque build-up on artery walls leads to heart disease. Locate the exact location of a pulled muscle or          broken bone, and find information on how to prevent injuries. View a cross-section of the human brain, and          learn which areas control certain emoti


Who was the Prime Minister of WW2 Japan?

Japanese New Prime Minister apologizes for WW2 - National/World News - Baltimore Sun Talk Forums Baltimore Sun Talk Forums Japanese New Prime Minister apologizes for WW2 Started by John Henneman , Aug 15 2010 07:12 AM This topic has been archived. This means that you cannot reply to this topic. 42 replies to this topic Posted 15 August 2010 - 07:12 AM New Japanese Prime Minister gives a ****! http://news.yahoo.co...apan_war_shrine YURI KAGEYAMA, Associated Press Writer Yuri Kageyama, Associated Press Writer – 1 hr 53 mins ago TOKYO – Japan's new liberal prime minister shunned a visit to a shrine that has outraged Asian neighbors for honoring war criminals, breaking from past governments' tradition and instead apologizing Sunday for the suffering World War II caused.Members of the now-opposition Liberal Democratic Party, which ruled Japan nearly continuously since the end of the war, made a point by carrying out their own trip to Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo on the 65th anniversary of the end of World War II.The Shinto shrine — a spectacular building with sweeping roofs and a museum in its grounds that glorifies kamikaze pilots — has set off controversy by honoring the 2.5 million Japanese war dead, including Class A war criminals such as Hideki Tojo, Japan's wartime prime minister who was executed in 1948.Among those who visited Yasukuni was LDP leader Sadakazu Tanigaki and former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. About 40 legislators went to the shrine, but none from Prime Minister Naoto Kan's Cabinet, according to Japanese media reports. Kan leads the Democratic Party, which took power last year after winning elections on promises of greater transparency and grass-roots democracy. It is the first time since the end of World War II that the entire Japanese Cabinet has avoided visiting Yasukuni on Aug. 15, the day Japan surrendered in the war."We caused great damage and suffering to many nations during the war, especially to the people of Asia," Kan told a crowd of about 6,000 at an annual memorial service for the war dead at Budokan hall in Tokyo."We feel a deep regret, and we offer our sincere feelings of condolence to those who suffered and their families," he said. "We renew our promise to never wage war, and we promise to do our utmost to achieve eternal world peace and to never repeat again the mistake of war."Among those listening to Kan's words were Emperor Akihito, whose father Hirohito announced the surrender 65 years ago in a radio broadcast — the first time the Japanese public had heard the real voice of the emperor, who had been revered as a living god to justify imperial expansion.Akihito, who has never visited Yasukuni, led a moment of silence at noon, bowing deeply before a stage filled with yellow and white chrysanthemums.The families and friends of more than 3 million Japanese who died in war, including a gray-haired woman in a wheelchair clutching a black-and-white photo of a soldier, bowed their heads in silence for a minute."I don't ever want war," said the woman, Chiyoka Takakura, 96, whose husband died in the Philippines. "I am asking his spirit to protect us all." http://www.philstar....bCategoryId=200 TOKYO (Xinhua) - Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan apologized to Asian countries for aggression during the World War II Sunday at a ceremony to mark the 65th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender, and avoided visiting a controversial shrine where the top Japanese war criminals were honored."Japan inflicted great damage and pain on people in Asian countries," Kan said, adding that he extended his condolence to people who died in the war and his country should "actively contribute to the establishment of ever-lasting peace in the world. "Japanese Emperor Akihito, Empress Michiko and some 5,400 people including families of those who died as well as 1,800 government officials also took part in the ceremony at the Nippon Budokan Hall in Tokyo. Following Kan's address, participants observed a one-minute silence at noon for the some 3 million Japanese people who died in the war."I truly hope that the horror


Cuba Sport - National Sport National Sport   National Sport   Cuba considers baseball its national sport. Since approximately 1865 or 1866 this sport has been practiced and has become part of the lives of most Cubans. On December 27th,1874, the first baseball game in Cuba took place in a field known as Palmar de Junco, in the province of Matanzas. In the match, the Habana team defeated that of Matanzas with the unbalanced score of 51 to 9 runs. Merely four years after that event, Cuba became the second country in the world to organize a professional baseball championship. It was played in a park located in today's intersection of Avenues Lï¿½nea and G, current location of the hospital "Amï¿½rica Arias". In the opening game, played on December 29th,1878, the Habana team defeated the Almendares team with a score of 21 to 20. The main organizer of the tournament was Emilio Sabourï¿½n, a patriot who participated in the first war of independence. Sabourï¿½n was, in turn, the manager of the Habana team. In 1881, the first stadium was inaugurated. The Almendares Park was located in the corner of the avenues Salvador Allende and Ayestarï¿½n. It was not until the last years of the 19th century and the beginnings of 20th, that baseball began to be played in other countries of the continent. In Havana, the first amateur championship took place in 1905. In 1914, the national amateur baseball league was founded and they celebrated championships for more than 45 years. Together with the national league, other leagues in the provinces were created locally. An example of that is the league of Pedro Betancourt, in Matanzas; the Amateur League of Oriente; the sugar-mill workers' league of Camaguey; and the winter league of Jovellanos among others. In 1919, where the coach terminal of Havana is located today, it was build a more modern version of the Almendares Park. On March 15th, 1930, the stadium of La Tropical, today's Pedro Marrero, was inaugurated. That park hosted the second Central American and Caribbean Games, held in Havana in 1930. In the period from 1939 to 1944, there were moments of splendor for national baseball because the first amateur world series were celebrated in the capital of the island. From 1944, they were held in other Latin-american countries where they were also quite popular. On October 26th, 1946, the great stadium of El Cerro, today's "Estadio Latinoamericano", opened officially its gates with an initial capacity for 30 000 people. After the necessary reformation, a project executed in 1973, the initial capacity was almost doubled (55 000 people). That legendary park witnessed the debut of the Havana Cubans of the International League of Florida. It hosted also the championships of the Cuban baseball league, which included major league baseball players and others from other levels. Many other outstanding figures of the time also debuted in the Gran Estadio del Cerro. Among the important figures of Cuban baseball that entered sport history forever, the following are worth-mentioning: Conrado Marrero, Josï¿½ de la Caridad Mï¿½ndez, Martï¿½n Dihigo, Adolfo Luque, Alejandro Oms, Cristï¿½bal Torriente, Pedro "Natilla" Jimï¿½nez, Roberto Ortiz, Avelino Caï¿½izares, Agapito Mayor, Fermï¿½n Guerra, Willy Miranda, Juan Ealo, and Orestes Miï¿½oso, just to mention some. The triumph of the revolution in 1959, brought a radical change in the conceptions of the practice of sport, and baseball was not the exception. By means of the Resolution 83-A passed on November 19th, 1962, professional sport was fully eradicated. This was the start of a new and definite era in which the Cuban amateur teams have shown their quality in numberless championships, such as Central American and Caribbean, Pan-american, Olympic, and World championships. In the case of the Olympic games, baseball has been included in the program since the summer games of Barcelona'92. To read more about today's baseball, go to Baseball .


What nationality is the keyboard player Vangelis?

Vangelis - Albedo 0.39 a look at the music of Vangelis Papathanassiou Review This album, the second major project to emerge from the Nemo laboratory, presents Vangelis in scientific mood. It contains a varied selection of high-energy tracks, probably the reason why the two big tunes, ï¿½Pulstarï¿½ and ï¿½Alphaï¿½, almost invariably appear on Vangelis compilation albums. They also must have caught the ear of Carl Sagan, who later used these plus tracks from other albums for his Cosmos TV-series. Like its predecessor ï¿½Heaven and Hellï¿½ this album was followed by a concert in 1977, this time in the Royal Festival Hall. The very striking opening track ï¿½Pulstarï¿½ with its elaborate percussion and shrill keyboard outbursts for a long time remained in Vangelisï¿½ concert-repertoire, each time in a different arrangement. ï¿½Freefallï¿½ (slightly Arabic mood) and ï¿½Mare Tranquillitatisï¿½ (site of the first landing on the moon) are typical of the cold but adventure-filled ï¿½Moon Base Alphaï¿½ or ï¿½Blakeï¿½s 7ï¿½ sort of atmosphere on the album. The longer tracks ï¿½Main Sequenceï¿½ and ï¿½Nucleogenesisï¿½ are both jazzy sorts of improvisations with Vangelis banging away on the drums and the latter also featuring a rather austere church-organ. In-between we find two melodic pieces, the slightly baroque ï¿½Orionï¿½ and ï¿½Alphaï¿½, which of course is an all-time great Vangelis classic, simple yet profound and very well orchestrated in its gradual build-up. A speaking clock is used imaginatively at a few places on the album and the potentially unremarkable summing up of Earth-related physical constants by engineer Keith Spencer-Allen in the closing track manages to achieve a great climax by having the harmonic resolution coincide neatly with the final constant: the Albedo number. A fine album indeed ï¿½ the analog synths may sound a bit ancient nowadays and the depletion of the Earthï¿½s ozone layer may have shifted the Albedo value of 0.39 a bit after all these years, but the music still achieves the maximum 1.0 Krugozor In 1982 issue #10 appeared of a Soviet Union publication called ï¿½Krugozorï¿½, which drew attention to various forms of music (folk, classical) and also contained this small article about Vangelis: One Man Orchestra Two Greek performers of popular music have achieved much recognition over the past decade, and gained an "international reputation" - Demis Roussos and Vangelis Papathanassiou. It would seem they have little in common, one of them a stage singer, the other a serious composer and arranger, a real master of electronic and acoustic keyboards. Nevertheless for five years they were part of one band called "Aphrodite's Child". The band was created in 1968 by the young Greek musicians, living as immigrants in Paris in opposition to the regime of the "black colonels". Many creations of this original ensemble, especially the songs "Rain and Tears" and "It's Five O'Clock" were very successful and still haven't been forgotten today. One of their most interesting projects, the oratorio "666", was first performed in 1972, shortly before the band disintegrated. Keyboard-player Vangelis Papathanassiou, having dismissed the band, began to write symphonic works and music for films. Only in 1975 he returned to the stage simply as Vangelis. Record-company RCA, for which the musician had signed a contract, decided that his surname Papathanassiou was very difficult and that presenters of music programmes wouldn't pronounce it correctly. Since then Vangelis has written more than half a dozen albums, among them "Albedo 0.39", "Spiral", "Beaubourg" and others, on which all instrumental parts are being played by him. Vangelis is considered one of the best keyboard-players in the world. His works, compared to those of other electronic music performers, distinguish themselves by having first of all bright melodies and very full compositions saturated with various intonations from folklore. Secondly, the harmonious originality of his music makes Vangelis draw the attention of many arrangers. In particular, the piece "Pu


When 'Titanic' left Southampton in April 1912, where was her first port of call?

Titanic - Leaving Southampton 1 Leaving Southampton 1 Leaving Southampton 1 Titanic leaving Southampton, April 1912. Just before noon on 10 April 1912, Titanic began her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York.  She was under the command of Captain Edward John Smith.  Her first port of call was Cherbourg, about 70 miles (112 km) away in France, and then Queenstown (Cobh) in Ireland.   In this photograph, amid clouds of smoke and steam, mooring lines are being cast off and five tiny tugs are manoeuvring Titanic away from her berth and out of the dock.  Her mighty propellers would not start turning until she was in deep water.  The great liner carries the hopes of everyone on board and on shore.


Who plays 'Auntie Wainwright' in Last of the Summer Wine?

Last of the Summer Wine - TV Guide UK Last of the Summer Wine Last of the Summer Wine Season 17 Episode 9 of 12 The Thing in Wesley's Shed Episode Rating: 9.0 Wesley is almost ready to unveil his latest creation, but his odd behavour makes the trio want to find out what lies within his shed sooner than he would prefer. Peter Sallis, Brian Wilde, Bill Owen and Gordon Wharmby star Rating: 7.4 <a href="http://twubs.com/lastofthesummerwine"> </a> Auntie Wainwright Jean Hodgkinson, known by the stage name Jean Alexander (born 24 February 1926), is a retired English television actress. She was best known to British television viewers as Hilda Ogden in the soap opera Coronation Street, a role she played from 1964 until 1987, and also as Auntie Wainwright in the long-running sitcom Last of the Summer Wine from 1988 to 2010. For her role in Coronation Street she received a 1987 BAFTA TV Award nomination for Best Actress. She retired from acting in 2012. She has lived for many years in Southport, Merseyside. Auntie Wainwright Jean Alexander Jean Hodgkinson, known by the stage name Jean Alexander (born 24 February 1926), is a retired English television actress. She was best known to British television viewers as Hilda Ogden in the soap opera Coronation Street, a role she played from 1964 until 1987, and also as Auntie Wainwright in the long-running sitcom Last of the Summer Wine from 1988 to 2010. For her role in Coronation Street she received a 1987 BAFTA TV Award nomination for Best Actress. She retired from acting in 2012. She has lived for many years in Southport, Merseyside. Wikipedia → Source: Wikipedia Sid John Comer (1 March 1924 – 11 February 1984) was a British comedic actor. He starred in the television series I Didn't Know You Cared, Last of the Summer Wine and All Our Saturdays. Sid John Comer John Comer (1 March 1924 – 11 February 1984) was a British comedic actor. He starred in the television series I Didn't Know You Cared, Last of the Summer Wine and All Our Saturdays. Wikipedia → Source: Wikipedia Nora Batty Kathy Staff (12 July 1928 – 13 December 2008), born Minnie Higginbottom, was an English actress, well known for her work on British television. She is most famous for her portrayal of Nora Batty on the longest running sitcom in the world, Last of the Summer Wine. Nora Batty Kathy Staff Kathy Staff (12 July 1928 – 13 December 2008), born Minnie Higginbottom, was an English actress, well known for her work on British television. She is most famous for her portrayal of Nora Batty on the longest running sitcom in the world, Last of the Summer Wine. Wikipedia → Source: Wikipedia Seymour Michael William ffolliott Aldridge (9 September 1920 – 10 January 1994) was an English actor. He was known for playing Seymour in the television series Last of the Summer Wine from 1986 to 1990 and he had a long career as a character actor on stage and screen dated back to the 1930s. Seymour Michael Aldridge Michael William ffolliott Aldridge (9 September 1920 – 10 January 1994) was an English actor. He was known for playing Seymour in the television series Last of the Summer Wine from 1986 to 1990 and he had a long career as a character actor on stage and screen dated back to the 1930s. Wikipedia → Source: Wikipedia Norman Clegg Peter Sallis, OBE (born 1 February 1921) is a retired English actor and entertainer, well known for his work on British television. Although he was born and brought up in London, his two most notable roles require him to adopt the accents and mannerisms of a Northerner. He played Norman "Cleggy" Clegg in Last of the Summer Wine from its 1973 inception until its final episode in 2010 – the only actor to appear in all 295 episodes, as well as the only of the original trio still living (Bill Owen and Michael Bates have both died). Internationally, he is known for voicing Wallace in the Wallace and Gromit series of films, but has since handed the role to Ben Whitehead. Sallis has reportedly retired from acting and has not appeared or voiced on film or TV since 2012. Norman Clegg Peter Sallis Peter Sallis, OBE (b


Whish gas forms bubbles in the bloodstream when someone gets the bends?

Decompression Sickness Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options Get facts about myelofibrosis treatment options here Decompression Sickness What Is It? Decompression sickness, also called generalized barotrauma or the bends, refers to injuries caused by a rapid decrease in the pressure that surrounds you, of either air or water. It occurs most commonly in scuba or deep-sea divers, although it also can occur during high-altitude or unpressurized air travel. However, decompression sickness is rare in pressurized aircraft, such as those used for commercial flights. When you scuba dive with compressed air, you take in extra oxygen and nitrogen. Your body uses the oxygen, but the nitrogen is dissolved into your blood, where it remains during your dive. As you swim back toward the surface after a deep dive, the water pressure around you decreases. If this transition occurs too quickly, the nitrogen does not have time to clear from your blood. Instead, it separates out of your blood and forms bubbles in your tissues or blood. It is these nitrogen bubbles that cause decompression sickness. The condition is called the bends because the joint and bone pains can be so severe they double you over. What happens inside your body during decompression sickness is similar to what happens when you open a carbonated drink. When you open the can or bottle, you decrease the pressure surrounding the beverage in the container, which causes the gas to come out of the liquid in the form of bubbles. If nitrogen bubbles form in your blood, they can damage blood vessels and block normal blood flow. Factors that put you at higher risk of decompression sickness include: Heart muscle birth defects, including patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect Being older than 30 Diving in cold water Lung disease Someone with an abnormal hole or opening in the heart from a birth defect is at especially high risk of developing serious symptoms from decompression illness. Because bubbles create high blood pressure in the lungs, blood and bubbles from your veins may flow more readily through the heart's opening. This means your blood can re-circulate into arteries without first getting oxygen. An opening in the heart can also allow a relatively large air bubble (called an air embolism) to circulate into your arteries. An air embolism can cause a stroke. People with asthma or another lung disease may have thin-walled air pockets in their lungs called bullae. These pockets do not empty quickly when the persons exhales. As they return to the surface after a deep dive, air in the bullae may expand. If a bulla ruptures, it could cause a collapsed lung or allow a large air bubble (air embolism) to enter the arteries. Symptoms Symptoms of decompression sickness include: Joint pain Weakness in arms or legs A skin rash Diagnosis Your diving history and symptoms are key factors in diagnosing decompression sickness. Blood tests and joint X-rays usually do not show any signs of the problem. Expected Duration Joint pain, the most common symptom from decompression sickness, can last for days or weeks. Prevention To minimize the risk of decompression sickness while diving: Dive and rise slowly in the water, and don't stay at your deepest depth longer than recommended. Scuba divers typically use dive tables that show how long you can remain at a given depth. Do not fly within 24 hours after diving. Don't drink alcohol before diving. Avoid hot tubs, saunas or hot baths after diving. Make sure you are well hydrated, well rested and prepared before you scuba dive. If you recently had a serious illness, injury or surgery, talk to your doctor before diving. Some people should avoid diving altogether, or should consider special risks. If you have a heart defect, it is not safe to dive. If you have asthma, a history of a ruptured lung at any time in your life or another lung disease, discuss diving safety with a doctor before deciding whether to dive. A person who requires insulin to treat diabetes may have wide swings in blood glucose levels during a


Who was the founder and conductor of the 'Black and White Minstrels?

BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Minstrels founder Mitchell dies Thursday, 29 August, 2002, 12:16 GMT 13:16 UK Minstrels founder Mitchell dies Mitchell's Black And White Minstrel Show began in 1958 George Mitchell, the man behind the controversial Black And White Minstrel Show, has died aged 85. Mr Mitchell, who died on Tuesday, was responsible for one of BBC light entertainment's greatest success stories - albeit one which later ran into intense criticism. The musical show, which harked back to 19th Century minstrelsy, required performers to "black up" with make-up. The show's origins lay in Mr Mitchell's Swing Group ensemble, which prompted a BBC producer in 1947 to ask him to arrange some Negro spirituals for a radio show. Fame The choir, which he organised, became a success in its own right and in 1958 BBC TV producer George Inns devised the Black And White Minstrel Show format. At the time, it was a runaway success on TV and achieved an audience of 16.5 million in 1964. As leader and musical arranger of the group, Mr Mitchell once held first, second and fourth places in the album charts and won two gold discs. He was made an OBE in 1975. His work as conductor and arranger meant his face was only seen when he took a bow at the end of the show, had become known as "the most famous back in show business". The show, which included singing and dancing, ran on BBC TV for 20 years and achieved huge audiences. Tired format It then went on to run until 1978, despite a growing chorus of criticism at the show's insensitivity and offensiveness. In May 1967, the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination delivered a petition to the BBC - signed by both black and white people - which requested that the programme be taken off air. For the last series, the male performers no longer blacked up, but in any case the format appeared to have tired by the late 1970s. George Mitchell was born in Falkirk, Scotland in 1917 but moved to London as a child. An accountant by profession, he joined the army at the outbreak of war in 1939 where he started his first choir. He is survived by his second wife, Dorthy Ogden, and two children from his first marriage. See also:


In which year did the 'Jet Age' become the 'Space Age'?

Alan Shepard: First American in Space Alan Shepard: First American in Space By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | May 5, 2014 10:00am ET MORE Alan Shepard became the first American in space when the Freedom 7 spacecraft blasted off from Florida on May 5, 1961. Ten years later, Shepard would leave Earth's atmosphere again to become the fifth man to walk on the moon — and the first one to play golf there. Born Nov. 18, 1923, to Renza Emerson and Alan Shepard, Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr . grew up in rural New Hampshire. After graduating from high school, he attended the U.S. Naval Academy, graduating the day after D-Day. An ensign, Shepard spent the last year of World War II on a destroyer in the Pacific. NASA astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space on May 5, 1961 aboard his Mercury spacecraft Freedom 7. Credit: NASA. Over the next 15 years, Shepard served in the Navy in various capacities. He received a civilian pilot's license while in naval flight training, and spent several tours on aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean. He attended the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School in 1950, and then went on to participate in a number of developmental tests for various crafts, as well as trials of the first angled carrier deck. He then became an instructor in the Test Pilot School. He logged more than 8,000 hours of flight time over the course of his career. [ Photos: Freedom 7, America's 1st Human Spaceflight ] Shepard attended the Naval War College in Rhode Island. Following his 1957 graduation, he was assigned as an aircraft readiness officer on the staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet. Upon his return home at the close of World War II, Shepard married Louise Brewer, whom he had met while attending the Naval Academy. The couple had two daughters. The right stuff In 1959, 110 test pilots were invited to volunteer for the space flight program headed by the new National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Although Shepard was on the list, a snafu kept him from receiving his invitation. Regardless, he was selected as one of the first seven astronauts for the organization. Known as the Mercury 7, the group included John Glenn , Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Donald "Deke" Slayton, Malcolm "Scott" Carpenter, Walter "Wally" Schirra, and Gordon Cooper. From this prestigious group of highly trained fliers, Shepard was selected to man the first space flight , with Glenn acting as his backup. Astronaut Alan B. Shepard is rescued by a U.S. Marine helicopter at the end of his sub-orbital Mercury-Redstone 3 (MR-3) flight May 5, 1961. Credit: NASA The stakes were raised in the space race on April 15, 1961, when the Soviet Union launched cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into space and he became the first person to orbit the Earth. Gagarin beat the Americans by less than a month. Shepard's launch was initially scheduled for May 2, but was rescheduled twice because of weather conditions. On May 5, Freedom 7 lifted off, carrying Shepard to an altitude of 116 miles for a 15-minute flight. Because of the placement of the porthole windows, the first American in space was unable to catch a glimpse of the stars, and he was strapped in too tight to experience weightlessness. Also, a filter left on the periscope window rendered the Earth below in black and white. Although the Soviets had reached the historic milestone first, Shepard's suborbital flight made a significant worldwide impact because its launch, travel and splashdown were watched on live television by millions of people. By contrast, the details of Gagarin's landing were kept confidential for more than a decade. For his daring achievement, President John F. Kennedy awarded Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal. [ Infographic: America's First Spaceship: Project Mercury ] Shepard worked on the ground for subsequent flights in the Mercury program and was slated to pilot the Mercury 10 mission. However, after successfully putting an astronaut in orbit for a full day with Mercury 9, NASA decided to close the first manned space program and move on with Gemini, the next step


Which part of the human eye may be removed and kept in an eye bank?

What Parts of the Eye Can Be Transplanted? - American Academy of Ophthalmology What Parts of the Eye Can Be Transplanted? Mar. 03, 2014 You may have heard about someone having an "eye transplant," but what exactly does that mean? As it turns out, only one part of the eye can be transplanted. Medical science has no way to transplant whole eyes. When someone receives an "eye transplant," they are being given a donor cornea, the clear front part of the eye. Your eye is a complex organ connected to your brain by the optic nerve. The optic nerve sends visual signals from the eye to the brain, where they are interpreted as images. The optic nerve is relatively small, varying in length between 1.3 and 2.2 inches, and at its widest point, inside your cranial cavity, it is still less than one-fifth of an inch wide. Yet the optic nerve is made up of more than one million tiny nerve fibers, much like a fiber optic cable. Once these nerve fibers are cut, they cannot be reconnected. That is why it's impossible to transplant a whole eye. Even if a surgeon could implant the eye into the eye socket, the eye still would not be able to transmit signals to the brain through the optic nerve and thus would not provide sight. By contrast, corneal transplantation  is not only possible, it is a procedure more than a century old. A healthy, clear cornea is necessary for good vision. If your cornea is injured or affected by disease, it may become swollen or scarred. A cornea with scarring, swelling or an irregular shape can cause glare or blurred vision. In a corneal transplant, the damaged or unhealthy cornea tissue is removed and clear donor cornea tissue is put in its place. Read more about corneal transplant surgery options . While corneal transplants are the most common type of eye-related transplantation, it is not the only one. Surgeons have also been able to successfully perform eyelash transplantation. However, the procedure carries significant risks, including scarring, and is not recommended as a cosmetic procedure. In patients suffering from disorders of the sclera or the conjunctiva (the external eye), doctors have been able to transplant amniotic membranes which have aided in the healing and regeneration of ocular surface tissues. Doctors continue to explore whether it is possible to transplant other parts of the eye. In July 2010, French doctors announced that they had transplanted eye lids and tear ducts as part of a full-face transplant for a man with a genetic disorder. Researchers are also focusing on how to replace damaged retinal cells with healthy transplants. In fact, it has been shown in recent clinical trials that human stem cells can be cultivated to become retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. In the near future, we can expect RPE transplants. This is good news for people suffering from macular degeneration  and Stargardt's Disease.


In which sphere of industry or commerce is the name of Arthur Maiden famous?

Biography - Sir John McEwen - Australian Dictionary of Biography Australian Dictionary of Biography Tip: searches only the name field Tip: Use double quotes to search for a phrase This article was published in Australian Dictionary of Biography , Volume 15, (MUP), 2000 John McEwen (1900-1980), by unknown photographer National Library of Australia Sir John McEwen (1900-1980), prime minister and farmer, was born on 29 March 1900 at Chiltern, Victoria, elder child of David James McEwen (d.1907), a pharmacist from Ireland, and his second wife Amy Ellen, née Porter (d.1901), who was Victorian born. David also had two children from his former marriage and another from his third. After his parents' deaths, John and his younger sister were raised in frugal circumstances by their maternal grandmother who ran a boarding house at Wangaratta before moving to Dandenong. Educated at local state schools, he left at 13 to help support the household. He studied at night-school, qualified for clerical entry to the Commonwealth Public Service, and joined the crown solicitor's office, Melbourne, in 1916. One of his superiors was Harry Whitlam . Although McEwen had hoped to enter the Royal Military College, Duntroon, Federal Capital Territory, he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force on 9 August 1918. World War I ended before he could join the army in France. His A.I.F. service, however, made him eligible for the soldier-settlement scheme, a crucial factor in his subsequent career. Without any farming background, he was drawn to a way of life which he saw as 'free of a boss'. Working as a farmhand, McEwen picked up sufficient experience to obtain a qualifying certificate and apply for land near Stanhope. He astutely chose a larger block (86 acres, 35 ha) rather than one of the smaller holdings which beggared many of his colleagues. To obtain some capital he worked as a wharf labourer in Melbourne. He survived drought and a rabbit plague in 1919, improved his property by tenacity and unremitting hard work, and led what he recalled as a 'rough and ready' life, living in a humpy and spending solitary nights reading by the light of a kerosene lamp. At Ballavoca, Tongala, on 21 September 1921 he married with Anglican rites Annie Mills McLeod; they were to remain childless. She worked with him to develop the farm. They sold it and bought others, gradually building up a productive holding of 3000 acres (1214 ha), spread over three blocks in the Stanhope region. At a time when many soldier settlers walked off their blocks, McEwen emerged as both a successful farmer and a leader of those who remained and those who joined them. He extended his activities through the Victorian Farmers' Union and other producers' groups. Rural activism drew him into politics. Annie was an able assistant, travelling with him constantly to meetings and functions. A member of the Country Party from the age of 19, McEwen stood unsuccessfully in 1932 for the seat of Waranga in the Legislative Assembly. At the Federal elections on 15 September 1934 he won the seat of Echuca in the House of Representatives. The Victorian Country Party had endorsed him while it was engaged in a bitter dispute with its federal parliamentary members. During the campaign McEwen clashed with (Sir) Earle Page , the party's federal leader. When McEwen arrived in Canberra he made peace with the federal party, thereby earning the hostility of his former colleagues in the State branch. McEwen's maiden speech in November ranged over issues which were to preoccupy him in his parliamentary career: primary industry, commerce, trade, banking, employment and defence. It was the task of government, he said, to 'discover the basic facts upon which our national economy is founded, and search there for the root causes [of problems]'. His approach to politics and public-policy formulation was founded on this principle. He held the seat of Indi in 1937-49 and Murray in 1949-71. Harold Thorby defeated him for the deputy-leadership of the party in 1937. On 29 November that year McEwen w


Who or what is the subject of an iconic 1960 photograph by Alberto Korda?

Influential Photographs: Guerrillero Heroico, 1960 by · Lomography 2011-03-09 9 26 Share Tweet His eyes did not gaze into the photographer’s eyes but his statuesque expression extraordinarily shows authority and tension. This portrait of a man with a beret is like the male Mona Lisa in black and white film – enigmatic in every way. image source: alscotts.com No one in the world, perhaps, will say that he or she hasn’t seen this man’s face. It is literally everywhere – apparel, commodities, graffiti, propaganda. It is even present in today’s rallies and riots. It has always been associated with rebellion and revolution. Nowadays, it is also oftentimes linked to the arts and popular culture. This defining photograph of Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara was taken by none other than Fidel Castro’s personal photographer, Alberto Korda. Korda used to be a fashion photographer before the Cuban Revolution. He was a master of black and white photography. In this particular photo, he used a Leica M2 camera and a Kodak Plus-X pan film. Castro was giving an oration at a mass funeral for the ones who died in a harbor explosion in Havana. Che, who was then 31 years young, came into the scene and scanned the crowd and then Korda shot 2 frames of him. Below is the contact sheet from which this iconic picture was derived: image source: alscotts.com The final image, which is now so popular, was cropped – the unknown silhouette of a man and the palm tree were removed – by Korda himself and he hung the photo to his wall for many years. It was publicly released as a poster after Che’s death and it became the ultimate symbol of the Marxist revolution. Che’s polarizing portrait is godlike that even when it is stylized, posterized , or Warholized , its graphic quality stays the same. However, Korda claimed that “… this photograph is not the product of knowledge or technique. It was really coincidence, pure luck.” In spite of its fame, Korda never claimed any payment for it. He was not averse to its propagation but he was against the exploitation of Che’s image for any purpose that degrades the hero’s reputation. Which other photographs do you think are influential? Post a hyperlink to the image in the comments – if you know it, please include the photographer’s name and the year the photo was taken. Our intention with the Influential Photographs columns is not to glorify or demean the subject of the photo. Our intention with this column is to highlight the most influential analogue photographs of history. The photographs we feature are considered icons, for their composition, subject matter, or avant-garde artistic value.


In Greek Mythology, Pasiphae gave birth to which creature?

PASIPHAE - Greek Goddess & Witch-Queen of Crete All-Shining (pasi, phainô) Pasiphae nursing the Minotaur, Apulian red-figure kylix C4th B.C., Bibliothèque Nationale de France PASIPHAE was an immortal daughter of the sun-god Helios. Like her siblings, Aeetes and Kirke (Circe) , she was a skilled practitioner of witchcraft (pharmakeia). Pasiphae married King Minos of Krete (Crete) and bore him a number of sons and daughters. As punishment for some offence against the gods--committed either by herself or her husband--she was cursed with lust for the king's finest bull. The queen enlisted the help of the artisan Daidalos (Daedalus) who built her an animate, wooden cow wrapped in bovine-skin. Hidden inside the contraption she coupled with the bull and conceived a hybrid child--the bull-headed Minotauros (Minotaur). Pasiphae's husband King Minos also proved unfaithful. When she learned of his indiscretions she bewitched him, causing him to ejaculate poisoned creatures and destroy his lovers. Pasiphae herself, being an immortal, was alone immune to the spell. Minos was later cured by the Athenian girl Prokris (Procris) who devised a remedy for the strange afflication. Pasiphae was an early Kretan moon-goddess similar to the classical Selene . Both her taurine lover and her Minotaur son--who was also named Asterios (Starry One)--were associated with the constellation Taurus. FAMILY OF PASIPHAE PARENTS [1.1] HELIOS & PERSEIS (Apollodorus 1.80, Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.19) [1.2] HELIOS (Apollonius Rhodius 3.997, Antoninus Liberalis 41, Hyginus Fabulae 40, Ovid Metamorphoses 9.737, Seneca Phaedra 112) [1.3] HELIOS & KRETE (Diodorus Siculus 4.60.4) OFFSPRING [1.1] THE MINOTAUROS (by the Kretan Bull ) (Apollodorus 3.8, Diodorus Siculus 4.77.1, Philostratus the Elder 1.16, Hyginus Fabulae 40, Ovid Metamorphoses 8.132, Seneca Phaedra 112, Nonnus Dionysiaca 47.395, Suidas) [2.1] KATREUS, DEUKALION, GLAUKOS, ANDROGEOS, AKALLE, XENODIKE, ARIADNE , PHAIDRA (by Minos) (Apollodorus 3.7) [2.2] ARIADNE , DEUKALION, KATREUS, ANDROGEUS (by Minos) (Diodorus Siculus 4.60.4) [2.3] ARIADNE (by Minos) (Apollonius Rhodius 3.997) [2.4] IDOMENEUS (by Minos) (Pausanias 5.25.9) [2.5] ASTERIOS (by Minos) (Nonnus Dionysiaca 40.290) [2.6] DEUKALION (by Minos) (Hyginus Fabulae 14) [2.7] PHAEDRA, ARIADNE (by Minos) (Ovid Heroides 4.53 & 157, Seneca Phaedra 112) ENCYCLOPEDIA PAST′PHAE (Pasiphaê). 1. A daughter of Helios and Perseis, and a sister of Circe and Aeetes, was the wife of Minos, by whom she was the mother of Androgeos, Catreus, Deucalion, Glaucus, Minotaurus, Acalle, Xenodice, Ariadne, and Phaedra. (Apollon. Rhod. iii. 999, &c.; Apollod. i. 9. § 1, iii. 1. § 2; Ov. Met. xv. 501 ; Cic. De Nat. Deor. iii. 19; Paus. v. 25. § 9.) 2. An oracular goddess at Thalamae in Laconia, was believed to be a daughter of Atlas, or to be the same as Cassandra or Daphne, the daughter of Amyclas. People used to sleep in her temple for the purpose of receiving revelations in dreams. (Plut. Agis, 9; Cic. De Dir. i. 43.) Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES PARENTAGE & CHILDREN OF PASIPHAE Pasiphae, Daedalus and the wooden cow, Greco-Roman fresco from Pompeii C1st A.D., Naples National Archaeological Museum Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1. 80 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "The Kholkians (Colchians) who were ruled by Aeetes, the son of Helios and Perseis, and brother of Kirke (Circe) and Minos' wife Pasiphae." Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 7 : "Minos, residing in Krete (Crete), passed laws, and married Pasiphae, daughter of Helios and Perseis . . . He begat sons, to wit, Katreus (Catreus), Deukalion (Deucalion), Glaukos (Glaucus), and Androgeus: and daughters, to wit, Akalle (Acalle), Xenodike (Xenodice), Ariadne, Phaidra (Phaedra)." Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3. 997 ff (trans. Rieu) (Greek epic C3rd B.C.) : "Remember Ariadne, young Ariadne, daughter of Minos and Pasiphae, who was a daughter of Helios." Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3. 1074 ff : "[Medea addresses Iason (Jason) :] ‘Tell


What name is given to the study of living things in their environment?

��ࡱ�>�� .0����-��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 �� bjbjK K  "&)w)w ������l����������� � � ���������{ } } } } } } $� ��� ������� }������ }}}������{ }�{ }p}�:; ,��{ �� �&p�u���1g  { � 0� q  r1Lr{ }�����           Jason Bianchini 11/08/04 Living Things in Their Environment  Key Concepts: This lesson introduces students to ecosystems, habitats, niches, and interactions among living things. Standard: Massachusetts Science and Technology/ Engineering Curriculum Framework. � Life Science (Biology), Grades 6- 8, pg. 47: �Give examples of ways in which organisms interact and have different functions within an ecosystem that enable the ecosystem to survive.� Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, TSWBAT (The students will be able to): Define ecology -- relate ecosystems, communities, populations, habitats, and niches to one another. Define producer, consumer, and decomposer. Describe a food chain, a food web, and an energy pyramid. Compare competition, predation, commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. Audience: Grades: 8, 9, 10, 11 Time Span: 45 � 60 min. Materials: � Chalk Board � Natural History magazines � Science text book Assessment of Prior Knowledge: At the start of each section during the activity, students will be asked to define specific key topics: � Ecosystem � Abiotic and Biotic � Habitat vs. Niche � Predation  Vocabulary: Habitat - The place where an organism lives. A habitat is often thought of as the organism's address. Examples: A lion�s habitat is a savanna. A monkey�s habitat is a rain forest. A cactus�s habitat is in the desert. Niche - An organism�s way of life. A niche is considered to be an organism�s occupation. Examples: A lion�s niche includes where and how it finds shelter and food, when and how often it reproduces, how it relates to other animals, etc. Ecosystem - All the living organisms in a given area as well as their physical environment -- usually made up of many complex interactions. Abiotic factors - Non-living parts of an ecosystem. Examples: caves, rain and other water sources, minerals, etc. Biotic factors - The living parts of an ecosystem. Examples: animals, plants, insects, sponges, fish, etc. Biome - A geographic area characterized by specific plants and animals. Predation - An interaction where one species consumes another. Population - All the species that live in an area and make up a breeding group. Community - All populations in a given area. Predator - An organism that feeds off of other organisms. Prey - An organism that is consumed by another organism. Competition - An interaction among living things where two populations compete for the same resources and territory. Parasitism - An interaction among living things w


Which part of the human eye controls the size of the pupils?

Human Eye Anatomy - Parts of the Eye Explained By Liz Segre ; eye illustration by Stephen Bagi Like This Page? Please Share! The human eye has been called the most complex organ in our body. It's amazing that something so small can have so many working parts. But when you consider how difficult the task of providing vision really is, perhaps it's no wonder after all. (Mouse over the words in the eye anatomy illustration below for their definitions.) How The Eye Works In a number of ways, the human eye works much like a digital camera: Light is focused primarily by the cornea  the clear front surface of the eye, which acts like a camera lens. The iris of the eye functions like the diaphragm of a camera, controlling the amount of light reaching the back of the eye by automatically adjusting the size of the pupil (aperture). The eye's crystalline lens is located directly behind the pupil and further focuses light. Through a process called accommodation, this lens helps the eye automatically focus on near and approaching objects, like an autofocus camera lens. Light focused by the cornea and crystalline lens (and limited by the iris and pupil) then reaches the retina  the light-sensitive inner lining of the back of the eye. The retina acts like an electronic image sensor of a digital camera, converting optical images into electronic signals. The optic nerve then transmits these signals to the visual cortex  the part of the brain that controls our sense of sight. Human Eye Anatomy (seen from above) Mouseover labels to see definitions.   For more detailed information, please read the article on "Refraction and Refractive Errors: How the Eye Sees." Recommended For You Other parts of the human eye play a supporting role in the main activity of sight: Some carry fluids (such as tears and blood) to lubricate or nourish the eye. Others are muscles that allow the eye to move. Some parts protect the eye from injury (such as the lids and the epithelium of the cornea). And some are messengers, sending sensory information to the brain (such as the pain-sensing nerves in the cornea and the optic nerve behind the retina). The Look of Love Anatomy Of Attraction: The Science Behind Love At First Sight Ever wonder about the meaning behind the phrase "the look of love"? When you're gazing into your partner's eyes, pay some thought to the science behind love at first sight. The connection between eyes and love is well-documented in poem and prose since time immemorial, the stuff of whimsical fairytales and heroic legends. But while beauty may be in the eye of the beholder, evidence increasingly suggests our brains are hardwired to both display and notice visual "clues" when it comes to a potential love interest. Sidebar continued >> One such indicator of visual attraction is larger pupils. Studies show that our pupils dilate when we feel excitement and attraction. When our gaze falls on a person or object of interest to us, the brain releases a surge of dopamine (a chemical messenger that helps control the brain's reward and pleasure centers), which triggers pupil dilation. Men perceive women with larger pupils as more romantically appealing. A 2007 study published in Hormones and Behavior showed that a woman's pupils dilate the widest during ovulation. From a biological perspective, because this characteristic is developed under the influence of estrogen, it signifies youth and therefore fertility. Research suggests that men instinctively use such indicators, among other visual cues, to assess the "value" of potential partners  as a way to seek fertile and healthy mates. Similarly, researchers at Edinburgh University found that women at their monthly fertility peak are most attracted to men with larger pupils. According to the study published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, larger pupils signal a man's interest, and therefore he is more indicated as a partner because interest is mutual. Conversely, the study found that when women are not at their most fertile, men's pupil size make very little difference when lookin


Which English King's coronation was postponed because he was suffering from appendicitis?

CORONATION CELEBRATIONS 1902-53 Epsom and Ewell History Explorer CORONATION CELEBRATIONS 1902-53 There have been only five coronations since Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 (including hers - Edward VIII was never crowned), which is largely due to her longevity and that of our present Queen. We have no way of knowing when the next one will be, or what form local celebrations might take, but the borough has put on a big show for past coronations. Edward VII Caricature of Edward VII. Image source: Library of Congress. Edward was 59 years old when he finally became King on 22 January 1901, following the death of his mother, Queen Victoria, after a reign of 63 years and 7 months. The coronation, scheduled for June 1902, had to be postponed until 9 August, to allow the new King to recover from appendicitis. The next picture shows the Catering Committee for the local celebrations of the event. Newspaper reports of the time indicate that there were several committees, including one dealing solely with bonfires. The 1902 Catering Committee Image source: Epsom And Ewell Local And Family History Centre Epsom UDC had advertised a public meeting, to be held on 11 April 1902 at the Public Hall, to consider proposals for the celebrations. Local auctioneer Walter Langlands seems to have been in charge of the main Committee, which had acquired funds to the value of about ï¿½600 (Lord Rosebery donated ï¿½50). It is highly unlikely that any of those concerned with arrangements had been involved in dealing with a coronation before, but they whipped out the plans for the celebration of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897, which had cost about ï¿½527, to use as a template. It was customary to issue a souvenir coronation mug and 1902 was no exception. The Catering Committee ordered 2,300 of them at factory prices for the local children. The 1902 souvenir coronation mug Image source: Bourne Hall Museum According to the Surrey Mirror of 23 May 1902, the proposed programme for the great day was as follows: 10.30 Old English sports for adults to take place in the High Street. 4.30 Tea to mothers in Recreation Ground. A Pleasure Fair will be held in the Sports Recreation Ground and a variety company and Punch and Judy shows have been engaged. 8.30 Torchlight procession, formed in the Waterloo Road, and proceed at 9 pm to Epsom Downs, where a 11.30 Torchlight procession returns from the Downs, when the proceedings of the day will be terminated by singing of the National Anthem. As mentioned, the coronation had to be postponed because of the King's illness, but some of the celebrations went ahead as planned on the original date. The Sussex Agricultural Express of 5 July said, 'For Coronation Day an extensive programme had been arranged in the little racing town and the decorations and illuminations were to have been of an elaborate character, the committee having been provided with funds amounting to ï¿½600. As it was, the festivities were abandoned, the only portions of the festivities carried out being the entertainment to the old and young. Over 1000 persons over 50 years of age, working men and their wives, were entertained to dinner on Thursday, and 1800 children, who each received a Coronation mug, were regaled with tea and afterwards indulged in sports. Tea was also given to 500 mothers.' It seems from other reports that various additional parts of the celebrations were carried out on the original date, including a promenade concert and illuminations in the High Street. It had been thought that the King might die, but as his condition improved, councils had to decide what to do with the bits of celebration they hadn't yet dealt with. Another programme of events was held upon news that he was making a good recovery and on the new coronation date the postponed ox-roasting went ahead, the animal having been obtained from Devon by Mr Langlands: it weighed 86 stones and was paraded through the town wearing red, white and blue ribbons before being slaughtered. In the photo shown below, the roasting all looks pretty straightforward,


Who, in Greek myth, after being slain gave birth to the winged horse 'Pegasus'?

PEGASUS (Pegasos) - Winged Horse of Greek Mythology Of the Spring (pêgê) Pegasus at the spring, Apulian red-figure vase C4th B.C., Tampa Museum of Art PEGASOS (Pegasus) was an immortal, winged horse which sprang from the neck of the beheaded Gorgon Medousa (Medusa). It was tamed by Bellerophon who rode it into battle against the fire-breathing monster known as the Khimaira (Chimera) . Later the hero attempted to fly to heaven but Zeus caused the horse to buck throwing him back down to earth in disgrace. Pegasos winged his way on to Olympos where he became the thunderbolt-bearer of Zeus. Pegasos was commemorated amongst the stars as the constellation of the same name. Its rising marks the arrival of spring and, in Greece, of seasonal thunderstorms. Pegasos' name means either "of the spring" from the Greek word pêgê, or "sprung forth" from the word pêgazô. The first alludes to the steed's connection with various springs, and the latter to its birth from the Gorgon's neck. FAMILY OF PEGASUS PARENTS [1.1] POSEIDON & MEDOUSA (Hesiod Theogony 278, Apollodorus 2.32 & 2.42, Hyginus Fabulae 151 & Astronomica 2.18, Ovid Metamorphoses 4.781 & 6.119) [1.2] MEDOUSA (Pindar Olympian Ode, Nonnus Dionysiaca 24.270) ENCYCLOPEDIA PE′GASUS (Pêgasos). The famous winged horse, whose origin is thus related. When Perseus struck off the head of Medusa, with whom Poseidon had had intercourse in the form of a horse or a bird, there sprang forth from her Chrysaor and the horse Pegasus. The latter obtained the name Pegasus because he was believed to have made his appearance near the sources (pêgai) of Oceanus. Pegasus rose up to the seats of the immortals, and afterwards lived in the palace of Zeus, for whom he carried thunder and lightning (IIes. Theog. 281, &c.; Apollod. ii. 3. § 2, 4. § 2 ; Schol. ad Aristoph. Pac. 722; comp. Ov. Met. iv. 781, &c. vi. 119). According to this view, which is apparently the most ancient, Pegasus was the thundering horse of Zeus; but later writers describe him as the horse of Eos (Schol. ad Hom. Il. vi. 155; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 17), and place him among the stars as the heavenly horse (Arat. Phaen. 205, &c.; Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 18 Ov. Fast. iii. 457, &c.). Pegasus also acts a prominent part in the fight of Bellerophon against the Chimaera (Hes. Theog. 325; Apollod. ii. 3. § 2). After Bellerophon had tried and suffered much to obtain possession of Pegasus for his fight against the Chimaera, he consuited the soothsayer Polyidus at Corinth. The latter advised him to spend a night in the temple of Athena, and, as Bellerophon was sleeping, the goddess appeared to him in a dream, commanding him to sacrifice to Poseidon, and gave him a golden bridle. When he awoke he found the bridle, offered the sacrifice, and caught Pegasus, who was drinking at the well Peirene (Pind. Ol. xiii. 90, &c. with the Schol.; Strab. viii. p. 379). According to some Athena herself tamed and bridled Pegasus, and surrendered him to Bellerophon (Paus. ii. 4. § 1), or Bellerophon received Pegasus from his own father Poseidon (Schol. ad Hom. Il. vi. 155). After he had conquered the Chimaera (Pindar says that he also conquered the Amazons and the Solymi, Ol. xiii. 125), he endeavoured to rise up to heaven with his winged horse, but fell down upon the earth, either from fear or from giddiness, or being thrown off by Pegasus, who was rendered furious by a gad-fly which Zeus had sent. But Pegasus continued his flight (Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 18 ; Pind. Isthm. vii. 6; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 17; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 636). Whether Hesiod considered Pegasus as a winged horse, cannot be inferred with certainty from the word apoptamenose; but Pindar, Euripides, and the other later writers, expressly mention his wings. Pegasus lastly was also regarded as the horse of the Muses, and in this capacity he is more celebrated in modern times than he ever was in antiquity ; for with the ancients he had no connection with the Muses, except that by his hoof he called forth the inspiring well Hippocrene. The story about this well runs as follows. When the nine Muses engaged in a con


Which invention brought to an end the 'Prehistoric Era'?

Prehistoric Times GENERAL INTRODUCTION: PREHISTORIC TIMES [Excerpted from Philip Van Ness Myers, Ancient History, Revised Edition (Boston: Ginn and Company, 1904), pp. 1-12] The Antiquity of Man.--We do not know when man first appeared upon the earth. We only know that in ages long past, when both the climate and the outline of the continents were very different from what they are at present, primitive man roamed over them with animals now extinct; and that, about 5000 B.C., when the historic curtain first rises, in some favored regions, as in the valleys of the Nile and the Euphrates, there were nations and civilizations already venerable with age, and possessing arts, governments, and institutions that bear evidence of slow growth through very long periods of time. [The Book of Genesis, which the Christian Church holds to be a divinely inspired record, fixes no definite date for the beginning of human life on the earth.] The Prehistoric and the Historic Age.--The uncounted millenniums which lie back of the time when man began to keep written records of what he thought and did and of what befell him, are called the Prehistoric Age. The comparatively few centuries of human life which are made known to us through written records comprise the Historic Age. In the valleys of the Nile and the Euphrates there have been discovered written records which were made at least four or five thousand years before Christ; so we say that the historic period began in those lands six or seven thousand years ago. On the island of Crete numerous inscriptions have recently been found that apparently were written as early as the fourth millennium B.C. These, however, have not yet been deciphered. Some written records used by Chinese historians seem to go back to the third millennium before our era. In other regions the historic period still begins for us at a much later date. Thus the truly historic age did not open in Greece and Italy until about 800 or 700 B.C., and for the countries of Northern Europe, speaking broadly, not until about the beginning of our era. How we learn about Prehistoric Man.--A knowledge of what prehistoric man was and what he did is indispensable to the historical student; for the dim prehistoric ages of human life form the childhood of the race,--and the man cannot be understood without at least some knowledge of the child. But how, in the absence of written records, are we to find out anything about prehistoric man? In many ways we are able to learn much about him. Thus, for instance, we may regard existing savage and semi-savage races as representing the prehistoric state of the advanced races. As it has been put, what they now are we once were. So by acquainting ourselves with the life and customs of these laggard races we acquaint ourselves with our own prehistoric past and that of all other civilized peoples. Again, the men who lived before the dawn of history left behind them many things which witness as to what manner of men they were. In ancient gravel beds along the streams where they fished or hunted, in the caves which afforded them shelter in the refuse heaps (kitchen middens) on the sites of their villages or camping places, or in the graves where they laid away their dead, we find great quantities of tools and weapons and other articles shaped by their hands. From these things we learn what skill these early men had acquired as tool makers and to what degree of culture they had attained. [Besides these material things which can be seen and handled, there are many immaterial things, as, for instance, language, which light up for us the dim ages before history.] Divisions of Prehistoric Times.--The long period of prehistoric times is divided into different ages which are named from the material which man used in the manufacture of his weapons and tools. The earliest epoch is known as the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age; the following one as the Neolithic or New Stone Age; and the later period as the Age of Metals. The division lines between these ages are not sharply drawn. In most countries the epochs run


Which chemical element emits a greenish glow in the air, and unless kept in water, burns of its own accord?

RGNS-Chem - Assignment 1- Periodic Table of the Elements! Assignment 1- Periodic Table of the Elements! Periodic Table of the Elements Project! Hydrogen Hydrogen is an element that was used for many years before it was called an element. Some sources say that in 1671 Robert Boyle made hydrogen gas. Not until 95 years later did Henry Cavendish identify it as an element. Hydrogen’s atomic weight is 1.00794. It has one Electron and one proton. Hydrogen has three different isotopes that we know of. The first is Hydrogen, also known as protium. The second isotope is deuterium. Some people refer to this as heavy hydrogen. The third isotope is tritium. The reason that they gave hydrogen different names for each of its isotopes is that the properties of each have some major differences. Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas at room temperature. It is a flammable element, and when burned with oxygen it creates water. Hydrogen can be gathered in different ways. The main way to get hydrogen is by electrolysis, which separates the hydrogen from water. Hydrogen’s melting point is -259.34°C and its boiling point is -252.87°C. Hydrogen is a great way to store energy. We use it for rocket fuels because it is extremely flammable when mixed with oxygen. We also use it for fuel in cars. Today most people use a fuel like gasoline to store their energy. Hydrogen is another way to store energy. One of the reasons that we might want to use hydrogen and not gasoline for a source of energy is that hydrogen produces much less pollution than what gas does. The only product of burning hydrogen is water. We also used to use hydrogen for things like blimps. In 1937 the Hindenburg caught fire and the whole aircraft was in flames. Now blimps use helium, which is much heavier, but not as flammable. Another famous use of hydrogen is in the hydrogen bomb, which is much more powerful than the atomic bomb. (Jim Armfield) http://www.school-for-champions.com/chemistry/hydrogen_uses.htm Helium Helium is the second element on the periodic table, right after hydrogen. It has an atomic mass of 4.003. It is a noble gas, and it usually appears in that form on earth as a gas. It has no color, or odor, or scent, and it has the lowest boiling and melting points out of all of the elements on the periodic table. It is the second most abundant element in the universe right behind hydrogen. It also accounts for 24% of the element mass in the universe. Pierre Janssen and Norman Lockyer were the two scientists who received credit for discovering the element first. It has two commonly known isotopes in He3 and He4, which are also the most stable out of the bunch. Helium is commonly used in MRI scanners, along with filling up baloons, and hot air baloons. It is also a very important part of cryogenics. This element has 2 protons, two neutrons, and two electrons. Helium4 is the most commonly seen or used isotope of this element and has been around for an incredibly long time, some scientists say that it may have even been created during the big bang. Helium is definitely one of the most important elements in the universe, and has many uses, and without it the world would be a lot different. (Ryan Gajda) external image helium-ballong-flyg-220.jpg&t=1 Lithium Lithium, Li, is an alkali metal which has the a silver/white color. The atomic number of Lithium is Three (3). Lithium contains Three (3) protons, three (3) electrons and 3.942 Neutrons. The atomic mass of this element is 6.941. Even though the atomic weight of Lithium is very light, Lithium is less common in the solar system than twenty five (25) of the first thirty two (32) chemical elements. The two Isotopes that make-up Lithium, with a 95% natural abundance, is Luthium-6 and Lithium-7. Another cmmon isoptope is Lithium-4. Lithium is a very unique alkali metal because it is the lightest metal. Along with being the lightest metal, Lithium is least dense solid element. When Lithium is cut open, it releases a metallic luster, but it rusts to a dull silvery tarnish when in contact with moist air. Lithium is hig


Which single word connects Beethoven, 'Terry's of York and Glenn Miller?

Glenn Miller Orchestra – Comments To prevent spam please type the code into the box Bob and Carol Battaglia say: (December 22, 2016) Concert on 12/21/2016 at Riviera Theatre NT,NY – Excellent, a good combination  of Christmas music and classic Glen Miller music. A great way to start the Christmas Holiday. Hope you will come back to the Riviera Theatre next Christmas. Jenna Wiltsie says: (December 15, 2016) I happened to find this website on the internet and I thought I would try it out. I listened to a few of your videos and found them very fascinating. I also read about some information on the website and I can’t wait to learn and hear more for you. Joyce Jaglowski says: (December 9, 2016) We have seen you twice in person and love you, and danced our hearts out!  We would love to hear you play “People Like You and Me” from one of the Glenn Miller films.   It is so patriotic and really supports our veterans.  Can’t wait to see you again. Love the way you’re keeping the music we love alive.  Keep ’em flying! Perry Kingsbury says: (November 20, 2016) Green Bay, WI 11/19/2016  My wife and I were at this show! Thank you for a wonderful evening. Enjoyed the performance very much. Looking forward to your next visit!! Heejun Kong says: (November 19, 2016) I have never been to a show yet to see the performance in person, but I would love to very soon. I have sen few videos on Youtube, and on this website. The music and performance sounds very powerful and alive, I am looking forward to visit soon ! I hope the performers continue to keep the music exciting! Bob McGoff says: (November 8, 2016) Strand Lakewood N.J. 11/2/16.  My children & grandchildren have heard the music but never the band playing in person before. What a show. They all loved it and now understand what grandpa has been talking about all these years.  Is it possible to get four video copies of that performance.  I would like to give each one of my four daughter one for Christmas. They can’t stop raving about that show. Nick Hilscher / Maria Schafer 11/2/16 Lakewood N.J. Vincent Ricciuti says: (November 8, 2016) Thanks for keeping good music alive.  It was a pleasure to have been present at your recent performance in Patchogue, NY.  It was a pleasant experience to watch your group perform. Thanks for keeping fine music alive. My early experience with Glenn Miller was in 1941. Each day going to school I would pass a convenient store that displayed Glenn Miller on a Chesterfield cigarette sign. He died a hero but his music keeps him alive. Amy Lin says: (November 3, 2016) Wonderful show. I saw the Orchestra at Louisburg College on October 21, 2016. I had always wanted to hear the Glenn Miller Orchestra because I just love all the music. Everyone around me enjoyed the performance, too. I can’t wait to hear you next time you are in my area. I was one of the younger people in the crowd that night (I’m only 40), so I hope to keep going to performances for many years to come. Paul Waszkiewicz says: (October 30, 2016) Glen Miller Show in Rome N.Y.  My wife, daughter,  7 yr. old granddaughter, myself, along with 3 other friends enjoyed your show to AMAZING for words…!!!!…It was beyond FANTASTIC..!!!!…. I thanked God many times during the show. I have  Glen Millers albums & C.D so I purchased Nicks C.D. I’m sure it will be just as AMAZING…May God bless & protect you on your journey as you bring joy, smiles, pure love to ones who appreciate EXCELLENT music & entertainment..Thank You, Thank You , Thank You…!!!!…Gods Speed…!!! Keith Brigham says: (October 28, 2016) I came across this website while searching for information on orchestras for my project. I read through some of your videos and the orchestra sounded so beautiful. I thought the videos of the Orchestras were so beautiful and played so well. Adina says: (October 26, 2016) It is such a pleasure to listen to beautiful orchestra such as Glenn Millers Orchestra. Although I have not attended any at the moment, my new appreciation for music has been with the help of the easily accessibly music clips. I hope one day to hear


Where was the venue for the hare-coursing 'Waterloo Cup'?

Defiant hare coursing fans vow to battle for their Waterloo Cup - Telegraph Defiant hare coursing fans vow to battle for their Waterloo Cup 'Every poacher in England' was at the coursing  By Charles Clover, Environment Editor 12:10AM GMT 15 Feb 2005 The gaggle of 150 anti-hunting protesters escorted by police into the gathering of a near-record 10,000 hare coursing enthusiasts at Great Altcar yesterday badly wanted to believe that this was the 158th and last Waterloo Cup. The Hunting Act, which comes into force on Friday, had lent a triumphalist flourish to the placards of the protesters as they were ushered to their traditional stand on a raised track overlooking the premier annual hare coursing event. Time to Face Facts: You're Finished, read the banner carried by Preston Action for Animals. "You won't be here next year," shouted a woman holding a placard, reading The End is Nigh. The roared response from the hare coursing enthusiasts was robust and unrepeatable. A clod of Altcar earth arched skywards and might have done damage if the woman who shouted had not raised her placard over her head like a shield. So far, everyone knew what to expect. But after Friday, won't things be different? All the organisers were conceding was that next year's might be the first Waterloo Cup that had to be held at a venue other than Within's Field, near Formby, Lancs, where it was first organised by the hotelier, William Lynn, in 1836. David Midwood, the chairman of the event, said: "It will happen. I've not made up my mind yet, but there are lots of options, though it seems very few in this country. There are dogs here today from Portugal, America and Ireland. They course in Spain and Australia. We might even go to Chile." The mood was the same both in the "snobs" enclosure, with its Range Rovers and Mercedes, and among the "yobs" on the public bank, watching as a man in a red coat called The Slipper loosed pairs of dogs to course after driven hares. "They're all from council estates here. I don't think Tony Blair has got it," said Darren Donovan from Manchester who first came in 1983 at the age of 15. There was determination everywhere that neither the sport, nor the cup had had its day. Would the ban stop coursers from setting greyhounds at hares? He waved at the camoflage-clad band of lurchermen around him and in response said with a grin: "Every poacher in England is here today." If 10,000 people and their vehicles had not converged on this vast windswept fen it would indeed be hard for anyone – let alone the police – to know if anyone was here setting a couple of greyhounds at a hare. "You wouldn't know it was going on," said Beverley Soskin from Devon. She said events like the Waterloo Cup didn't kill the hares intentionally. "It's only the illegal ones where the dogs are trained to kill the hares," she said. Johnny Bate, also from Devon, said: "It's not over. We're just going to do it somewhere else." "Hunting will take place in one form or another until we have a Conservative government to reverse a ban," said James Gray, MP, the Tory countryside spokesman. Gos Johnston, one of the protesters, conceded as much when he said: "Have you read the Act? It's typical of this Government – you could drive a coach and horses through it." There were those, however, who were mourning the formality of an organised event, in which – novices discover to their surprise - the greatest cheers go to the hares that elude the dogs. In 60 courses yesterday, four hares were killed. The rest escaped. "We are in a high mood even though some are breaking down in tears," said Mr Midwood. And on an elegiac note, the greyhound called Damn the Ban failed to win its course.


What is the name of the Buckinghamshire Estate where the German 'Enigma' codes were cracked during WW2?

BBC - History - Code breaking (pictures, video, facts & news) Fiona Bruce describes how volunteers have reconstructed the code-breaking Colossus computer at Bletchley Park. Fiona Bruce describes how volunteers have reconstructed the code-breaking Colossus computer at Bletchley Park. More information about: Code breaking Cryptography was used extensively during World War II, with a plethora of code and cipher systems fielded by the nations involved. In addition, the theoretical and practical aspects of cryptanalysis, or codebreaking, was much advanced. Probably the most important codebreaking event of the war was the successful decryption by the Allies of the German "Enigma" Cipher. The first complete break into Enigma was accomplished by Poland around 1932; the techniques and insights used were passed to the French and British Allies just before the outbreak of the War in 1939. They were substantially improved by British efforts at the Bletchley Park research station during the War. Decryption of the Enigma Cipher allowed the Allies to read important parts of German radio traffic on important networks and was an invaluable source of military intelligence throughout the War. Intelligence from this source (and other high level sources, including the Fish ciphers) was eventually called Ultra. A similar break into an important Japanese cipher (PURPLE) by the US Army Signals Intelligence Service started before the US entered the War. Product from this source was called MAGIC. It was the highest security Japanese diplomatic cipher.


Which classic British car company of the 1940's/50's now produces armoured vehicles for the British Army?

Timeline of motoring history Practical French scientist Denis Papin invents the pressure-cooker or ‘digester’. 1690 Many before him have experimented with single charges of gunpowder as a means of moving a piston in a bore but, Denis Papin publishes his ideas for harnessing steam as an alternative, to achieve repeated cycles of movement. In doing so, he recognises the potential for a mechanical alternative to animals for mobilising carriages. He goes on to build the first steam engine, which is used to pump water to a canal running between Kassel and Karlshaven in Germany. 1698 English military engineer Thomas Savery uses Papin’s ‘Digester’ as the basis of a crude steam engine for pumping water out of flooded mine-shafts. 1712 Denis Papin, visiting London in the hope of finding patronage, writes to a friend reporting his failure and asking for financial support to pay for his return to Germany. Never heard of again, it is likely that Papin died in London in abject poverty and complete anonymity. Thomas Newcomen, an "ironmonger" and blacksmith of Dartmouth, England, patents the "Atmospheric Steam Engine" and, together with John Calley starts to build and sell engines for pumping water out of mines. 1765 James Watt, while engaged in repairing a Newcomen engine, comes up with several improvements which substantially change its method of operation and increase its efficiency. In so doing he lays a firm foundation for the design of all steam engines yet to come. 1769 In Paris, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot, a military engineer, demonstrates a self propelled steam vehicle - the first on record. The French government requests Cugnot to design and build a larger vehicle, capable of moving large amounts of artillery. 1770 At the French government’s immense cost, Cugnot builds ‘Fardier’ a large three- wheeled artillery carriage and creates history’s first motor accident by knocking down part of a wall. 1787 Oliver Evans of Maryland patents a steam engine for the use in powering carts and carriages. 1801 Richard Trevithick, an early pioneer of the Steam Railway, builds the first successful motor vehicle, and drives it through Camborne, Cornwall. Four days later it is destroyed by fire. 1803 Trevithick builds a second steam powered carriage, which makes several successful runs through the streets of London. Unfortunately it also frightens horses and kindles considerable public hostility. 1805 In 1804 Oliver Evans, builds the world's first amphibious vehicle, ‘Orukter Amphibolas’, a steam powered dredger on wheels, for the Philadelphia Health Service. In July of 1805 it makes a one and a half mile journey from Central-Square to the banks of the Schuykill. It weighs 20 tons and is powered by a 5 HP twin cylinder beam engine driving both the paddle and 2 wheels. With no method of steering on land, the vehicle is much more successful as a boat. 1807 In Switzerland, Francois Isaac de Rivaz builds, and demonstrates the first working internal combustion engine. It is fuelled by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen and reliant on a foot-operated exhaust valve. Mounted on small trolley, travels just a few metres. 1816 Concerned about the number of people being killed by exploding steam engines Reverend Robert Stirling invents and patents an alternative which is not only safer but also much more efficient. It runs on hot air and rotation is caused by heat differentials as it passes between various parts of the engine. It can use a number of alternative fuels to heat the air and, in spite of its improved safety and superior efficiency, it remains largely ignored for use in vehicles. 1826 Samuel Brown patents and builds his "gas-and-vacuum" engine. It has two cylinders linked by a rocking beam, with a capacity of 8,800cc and an output of just 4hp. The engine powering a carriage successfully drives up Shooters Hill at Blackheath, on the outskirts of London. 1829 Goldsworthy Gurney, having built his ‘London and Bath’ steam coach, sets out on the world’s first long distance coach service, a round trip from London to Bath and back. While the outward journey is


Which actress played the 'Bond' girl Honeychile Ryder'?

Honey Ryder - James Bond Characters Dr. No (1962) The Character in the Movie Honey Ryder was the leading Bond girl in Dr. No (1962). She was played by Ursula Andress, however due to her strong accent she was dubbed by Nikki van der Zyl. Earlier on in her life she travelled all around the Caribbean with her father, a marine biologist, studying the plants and fish in the many corals they visited. Her father died mysteriously when visiting crab key, an island just of the coast of Jamaica, although Honey knew it was no accident. Dr. No 's men had killed him. After her father died and she had no one left to protect her, her landlord raped her. She didn't let this go unpunished however and one night when he was asleep, she put a black widow spider under his mosquito net. It took him a whole week to die. Since her fathers death she lived alone and collected rare shells to make money. She seemed to be able to defend herself and she wasn't scared of Bond when she first met him. However she was scared when the diesel dragon came after them and Dr. No's men captured her and Bond. Later on, Honey was tied down near and the slowly rising water level would have drowned her, but Bond escaped and rescued her. Bond and Honey ran out of the place and stole a boat in which they drifted off into the sea, finally alone. The character in the book In Ian Fleming's novel Dr. No (1958), Honeychile Rider was a girl who had lived in a large house in the middle of a sugar cane field in the Beau Desert on the North coast near Morgan's harbour. When she was five, her parents were killed in a fire that burned down their home. After that, she lived in the cellars of the ruin's with her black nanny. Once when the cane was harvested, some of the snakes, scorpions and other animals who had lost their homes, came into the ruins and after a while they became like family to Honey, who fed them and looked after them. They would leave when the cane grew back and return to her when it was harvested again. When she was 15, her nanny died and she was left to fend for herself. A man named Mander, who owned the cane field came into the ruins drunk one day. Honey tried to stab him, but he was too strong. He punched her, knocking her out and breaking her nose and then raped her. Honey got her revenge by putting a black widow spider in his bed one night when he was sleeping. When she was eight, her nanny had found an encyclopedia among the ruins and Honey started at A. When she got to S at around age 18, she saw that some people sell shell's for a living. She used the only money she had to subscribe to a magazine and collected the shell's people were looking for. After she realized pretty shell's were not always the most valuable, she started collecting rare ones and made some money. She started going to crab key and she found some rare shell's that she got $5 each for. She worked out that she could pay for an operation to get her nose fixed in New York in just five years. She was at Crab Key, diving for shells when Bond first saw her. She was naked besides a leather belt with a hunting knife on her right hip and a green diving mask. She looked strong and muscular and had a wide mouth, deep blue eyes and blond hair. When Dr. No's men come with dogs to search for them, she reveals that she has escaped them many times and suggests hiding underwater, using bamboo sticks to breath. Her and bond were later captured, and Honey was tied to some rocks where she would eventually be eaten by crabs. She didn't die however, and managed to escape and meet up with Bond. She then left the island with him and they went together to New York where Bond payed for her nose operation. Honey was a very independent girl who had never been out of Jamaica. She only knew a world of nature before meeting Bond. Trivia and References to Honey Ryder In the 2001 James Bond movie Die Another Day, the leading Bond girl Jinx (played by Halle Berry) had a similar entrance to that of Honey Rider, walking out of the sea in a bikini, although in an orange bikini this time. In the music video for her song


Which consumer company advertises on its packages, 'The best to you each morning'?

Kellogg Company History, Timeline   1900s Will Keith (W.K.) Kellogg, was born April 7, 1860. W.K., along with his                             brother, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, was the co-inventor of flaked cereal. Although                             W.K. lacked a formal education beyond the sixth grade, the cereal giant forever                             changed the way we eat breakfast. In 1906, W.K. Kellogg entered the cereal business,                             as American eating habits began shifting from heavy, fat-laden breakfasts to lighter,                             more grain-based meals. W.K. discovered that a better flake was produced by using                             only the corn grit or "sweet heart of the corn." To help consumers distinguish Kellogg's Corn Flakes® cereal from the products                             of the 42 other cereal companies in Battle Creek, Michigan, W.K. put his signature                             on each package, saying that these Corn Flakes are the "The Original." The company                             succeeded because it believed the entire populace, not just those on special diets,                             might be interested in wholesome cereal foods, and because it continually improved                             its product line and packaging techniques to meet the needs of an ever-changing                             and evolving consumer base. 1910s With the advent of pasteurization of milk, the ready-to-eat cereal business expanded.                             To keep up with a growing market, Kellogg Company developed new product, packaging and marketing innovations to fit consumer needs. In 1914, Kellogg Company created                             Waxtite® wrappers, a new concept in packaging technology. W.K. Kellogg believed                             that if people tried a good product, they would keep buying it. To ensure that consumers                             would continue to seek out his products, he distributed free samples of his Corn                             Flakes, and then followed up with advertising in magazines and on billboards. Kellogg                             also held a children's art contest, selecting the best entries for use in Kellogg                             advertisements. The first Kellogg premium, the "Funny Jungleland Moving Picture                             Book," was distributed to consumers in 1910. Kellogg's® Bran                               Flakes and All Bran® cereals were introduced                             in 1915 and 1916. After having success in the U.S. market, Kellogg opened its first                             foreign cereal facility in 1914 in Canada. 1920s Kellogg continued to expand into new markets, exporting cereal to England in the                             early 1920s and later building a plant in Sydney, Australia. In the U.S., Kellogg                             introduced ready-to-eat cereals in individual servings for use in hospitals, hotels                             and rail dining cars. The 1920s also brought new marketing innovations. A mail-in                             promotion made Battle Creek, Michigan a household word when millions of youngsters                             clipped and mailed in