What is the fourth book of the Bible's Old Testament?

Facts about the Bible Facts about the Bible Facts about the Bible Facts about the Bible The following list is not designed to discuss doctrine, or provide in-depth teaching. It is merely a resource center for factual information on the Bible. Many of these questions have been addressed in various locations throughout our website; however, as many people do not have the time to comb through the entire website to find the answers they are looking for, we have compiled the following list. How many books are in the Bible? The Bible contains 66 books, divided among the Old and New Testaments. How many books are in the Old Testament? There are 39 books in the Old Testament. How many books are in the New Testament? There are 27 books in the New Testament. What does "testament" mean? Testament means "covenant" or "contract." Who wrote the Bible? The Bible was written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit by over 40 different authors from all walks of life: shepherds, farmers, tent-makers, physicians, fishermen, priests, philosophers and kings. Despite these differences in occupation and the span of years it took to write it, the Bible is an extremely cohesive and unified book. Which single author contributed the most books to the Old Testament? Moses. He wrote the first five books of the Bible, referred to as the Pentateuch; the foundation of the Bible. Which single author contributed the most books to the New Testament? The Apostle Paul, who wrote 14 books (over half) of the New Testament. When was the Bible written? It was written over a period of some 1,500 years, from around 1450 B.C. (the time of Moses) to about 100 A.D. (following the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ). What is the oldest book in the Old Testament? Many scholars agree that Job is the oldest book in the Bible, written by an unknown Israelite about 1500 B.C. Others hold that the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) are the oldest books in the Bible, written between 1446 and 1406 B.C. What is the youngest book in the Old Testament? The book of Malachi, written about 400 B.C. What is the oldest book of the New Testament? Probably the book of James, written as early as A.D. 45. What is the youngest book in the New Testament? The Book of Revelation is the youngest book of the New Testament, written about 95 A.D. What languages was the Bible written in? The Bible was written in three languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek. When was the Bible canonized? The entire New Testament as we know it today, was canonized before the year 375 A.D. The Old Testament had previously been canonized long before the advent of Christ. What does "canon" mean? "Canon" is derived front the Greek word "Kanon," signifying a measuring rod. Thus, to have the Bible "canonized" meant that it had been measured by the standard or test of divine inspiration and authority. It became the collection of books or writings accepted by the apostles and leadership of the early Christian church as a basis for Christian belief. It is the standard by which all Christians throughout the ages live and worship. When was the first translation of the Bible made into English? 1382 A.D., by John Wycliffe. When was the Bible printed? The Bible was printed in 1454 A.D. by Johannes Gutenberg who invented the "type mold" for the printing press. It was the first book ever printed. What is the oldest almost-complete manuscript of the Bible now in existence? The Codex Vaticanus, which dates from the first half of the fourth Century. It is located in the library of the Vatican in Rome. There are older fragments of the Bible that are still preserved however-- the oldest being a tiny scrap of the Gospel of John was found in Egypt, dating back to the beginning of the second century. (It is currently in the Rayland's Library in Manchester, England). What is the longest book in the Bible? The book of Psalms. What is the shortest book in the Bible? 2 John. What is the longest chapter in the Bible? Psalm 119 What is the shortest chapter in the Bible? Psalm 117 What is the longest verse in the Bible? Est


Who played Elliot Ness in the 1987 film The Untouchables?

The Untouchables (1987) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Federal Agent Eliot Ness sets out to stop Al Capone; because of rampant corruption, he assembles a small, hand-picked team. Director: Oscar Fraley (suggested by book), Eliot Ness (suggested by book) | 1 more credit  » Stars: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. DC's Legends of Tomorrow Season 2 Episode 8 Review: The Chicago Way 8 December 2016 7:51 PM, -08:00 | TVfanatic a list of 46 titles created 02 Dec 2011 a list of 36 titles created 03 Jul 2012 a list of 37 titles created 22 Mar 2013 a list of 49 titles created 02 Jul 2013 a list of 40 titles created 15 Aug 2014 Search for " The Untouchables " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    10 wins & 15 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A Puerto Rican former convict, just released from prison, pledges to stay away from drugs and violence despite the pressure around him and lead on to a better life outside of N.Y.C. Director: Brian De Palma A father becomes worried when a local gangster befriends his son in the Bronx in the 1960s. Director: Robert De Niro An FBI undercover agent infiltrates the mob and finds himself identifying more with the mafia life, at the expense of his regular one. Director: Mike Newell When Robin and his Moorish companion come to England and the tyranny of the Sheriff of Nottingham, he decides to fight back as an outlaw. Director: Kevin Reynolds A convicted rapist, released from prison after serving a fourteen-year sentence, stalks the family of the lawyer who originally defended him. Director: Martin Scorsese A freelancing former U.S. intelligence agent tries to track down a mysterious package that is wanted by both the Irish and the Russians. Director: John Frankenheimer Greed, deception, money, power, and murder occur between two best friends, a mafia underboss and a casino owner, for a trophy wife over a gambling empire. Director: Martin Scorsese After a prank goes disastrously wrong, a group of boys are sent to a detention center where they are brutalized; over 10 years later, they get their chance for revenge. Director: Barry Levinson In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. Director: Brian De Palma A mild-mannered chemist and an ex-con must lead the counterstrike when a rogue group of military men, led by a renegade general, threaten a nerve gas attack from Alcatraz against San Francisco. Director: Michael Bay The true story about an honest New York cop who blew the whistle on rampant corruption in the force only to have his comrades turn against him. Director: Sidney Lumet Lt. John Dunbar, exiled to a remote western Civil War outpost, befriends wolves and Indians, making him an intolerable aberration in the military. Director: Kevin Costner Edit Storyline Federal agent Elliot Ness assembles a personal team of mob fighters to bring Chicago crime boss Al Capone to justice using unconventional means during the mob wars of the 1920s. This fictionalized account of the arrest of Al Capone is heavy on style and gunfire. The end shootout combines a baby carriage and stairs with a nod to Eisenstein's _The Battleship Potemkin_. Written by Keith Loh <loh@sfu.ca> The Chicago Dream is that big See more  » Genres: 3 June 1987 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Dolby (35 mm prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Though the patron saints of police are Michael the Archangel and Saint Sebastian, Irish police


What number of equal size circles (or coins) fit exactly around another of the same size so that all are touching?

geometry - Why is a circle in a plane surrounded by 6 other circles? - Mathematics Stack Exchange Why is a circle in a plane surrounded by 6 other circles? up vote 70 down vote favorite 40 When you draw a circle in a plane you can perfectly surround it with 6 other circles of the same radius. This works for any radius. What's the significance of 6? Why not some other numbers? I'm looking for an answer deeper than "there are $6\times60^\circ=360^\circ$ in a circle, so you can picture it". up vote 91 down vote accepted The short answer is "because they don't work," but that's kind of a copout. This is actually quite a deep question. What you're referring to is sphere packing in two dimensions, specifically the kissing number , and sphere packing is actually quite a sophisticated and active field of mathematical research (in arbitrary dimensions). Here's one answer, which isn't complete but which tells you why $6$ is a meaningful number in two dimensions. The packing you refer to is a special type of packing called a lattice packing, which means it comes from an arrangement of regularly spaced points; in this case, the hexagonal lattice . The number $6$ appears here because the hexagonal lattice has $6$-fold symmetry. So a natural question might be whether one can find lattices in two dimensions with, say $7$-fold or $8$-fold symmetry, since these might correspond to circle packings with more circles around a given circle. (Intuitively, we expect more symmetric lattices to give rise to denser packings and to packings where each circle has more neighbors.) The answer is no: $6$-fold symmetry is the best you can do! This is a consequence of the crystallographic restriction theorem . The generalization of the theorem to $n$ dimensions says this: it is possible for a lattice to have $d$-fold symmetry only if $\phi(d) \le n$, where $\phi$ is Euler's totient function . The generalization implies that you still cannot do better than $6$-fold symmetry in $3$ dimensions. There are two natural lattice packings in $3$ dimensions, which both occur in molecules and crystals in nature and which both have $6$-fold symmetry, and it turns out that these are the densest sphere packings in $3$ dimensions. It also turns out that they give the correct kissing number in $3$ dimensions, which is $12$ (see the wiki article). In $4$ dimensions, the kissing number is $24$, and I believe the corresponding packing is a lattice packing coming from a lattice with $8$-fold symmetry, which is possible in $4$ dimensions. In higher dimensions, only two other kissing numbers are known: $8$ dimensions, where the $E_8$ lattice gives kissing number $240$, and $24$ dimensions, where the Leech lattice gives kissing number $196560$! These lattices are really mysterious objects and are related to a host of other mysterious objects in mathematics. A great reference for this stuff, although it is a little dense, is Conway and Sloane's Sphere Packing, Lattices, and Groups . Edit: And for a very accessible and engaging introduction to symmetry in the plane and in general, I highly recommend Conway, Burgiel, and Goodman-Strauss's The Symmetries of Things . +1, great answer. –  F M Nov 17 '10 at 3:02 5   +1, but... this is more an answer to "why is a sphere surrounded by 12 other spheres", i.e., the kissing number problem without regard to rigidity. For the planar 6-circles problem I think the point of the question was that the inner circle is perfectly surrounded, which means an optimal rigid packing. Disordered sphere packings (or kissing arrangements) are likely to beat lattice packings except in special dimensions, but in the superspecial dimensions (such as 2,8,24) with rigid kissing configurations, rigidity probably implies that the configuration must come from a lattice packing. –  T.. Nov 17 '10 at 18:54      @T..: sure. I was just trying to provide some context to make sense of the 2-dimensional case. –  Qiaochu Yuan Nov 17 '10 at 19:01 2   The answer is excellent (enjoy the stream of upvotes!), but since we don't have multidimensional ratings to


Pearmain | Define Pearmain at Dictionary.com pearmain any of several varieties of apple having a red skin Word Origin C15: from Old French permain a type of pear, perhaps from Latin Parmēnsis of Parma Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Examples from the Web for pearmain Expand Historical Examples


Which British boxer and past world middleweight champion committed suicide in his flat in Leamington Spa in 1966?

A prince without a crown | Sport | The Observer Search executive jobs Search all jobs A prince without a crown Naseem Hamed was the undisputed star of British boxing. A showman, supreme egoist and crowd-puller, he earned millions - then, in 2001, he lost his first fight. Today he is a near recluse who trains alone in his gym and dedicates himself to Islam. Acclaimed author Jonathan Rendall, who knows the fighter well, travelled to Sheffield where the star's family and former friends told of his struggles, the influence of religion and of his brothers - and why he may never box again Sunday 6 February 2005 The Observer The Ponds Forge Arena, Sheffield, one night in May 1994. In only his 12th pro fight, 'Prince' Naseem Hamed, 20, is challenging Vincenzo Belcastro of Italy for the European bantamweight title. There is a fair crowd and all the London boxing writers have made the journey north. Among them are many doubters. This chance has come earlier than expected for Hamed. They have known 'Naz' - or 'the Naz fella', as his unmistakable and incurably optimistic trainer, Brendan Ingle, calls him - since he was a young boy, a diminutive, hyperactive presence hanging on to the robe of Herol 'Bomber' Graham, the most talented but unluckiest boxer Britain has produced. Even in Herol's darkest moments, such as when he was knocked out in a Marbella ballroom by the American puncher Julian Jackson, when on the brink of victory, there was no escaping Naz. There he was, cavorting inappropriately, just minutes after Herol had been taken concussed from the ring. Always in his own world, Naz, ignoring the efforts of another stablemate, the cruiserweight Johnny Nelson, to tell him to calm down. Wherever Ingle went, so did Naz. He is Brendan's masterwork, the boy who will do what the fates conspired to prevent Herol from doing. With Naz, there will be no mistake. Many of the writers are weary of Brendan's boasts: how Naz will win every major title and earn '40 million quid'. But that's Brendan. He once said Nelson had the talent to beat Mike Tyson, but then rushed him into a cruiserweight title fight against Carlos De Leon. Nelson didn't throw a single punch - perhaps the most embarrassing night at ringside anyone had seen. Could something similar happen tonight? It's entirely possible. Belcastro has mixed with the world's best. Only four fights ago Hamed was in Mansfield boxing Kevin Jenkins, who had won precisely three of his 18 fights. But even if it does blow up in their faces, it won't be the end of the story. For that, you can count on Ingle. At his St Thomas's gym, on the run-down hill on Wincobank, world-class boxers spar among a small band of waifs and strays aged from five to 50. These are the people Ingle invites into the gym, as part of his policy of teaching those seen as society's dregs, through boxing, some 'social skills'. It's a mythic scheme, a romantic pyramid, but one that requires concrete idols at its apex. And here they are, the triumvirate, Herol, Johnny and little Naz. There they always will be, somehow. At Ponds Forge, Hamed's sizeable family awaits the bell nervously. He is one of nine children. His father, Sal, came to Sheffield from North Yemen in the late 1960s. He worked in the steelworks and then took over the corner shop just up from Ingle's house on Wincobank. His older brother, Riath, thin and studious, and who works at the Yemeni Economic and Training Centre, can barely watch. They need not have worried. In his leopard-skin trunks, Hamed handles Belcastro with ease. The Italian is down in the first and the 11th. Hamed does not try to finish him off. Instead, in the last, he taunts his beaten opponent. It is an unappetising spectacle. It goes beyond what Ali and Sugar Ray Leonard did. Why does he have to do that? The writers talk of his disgraceful behaviour. What is it about Hamed that incites them? He is only a kid, after all. As we all know, the extraordinary story will continue. Naz will rise in weight and cut a swath through the featherweight division. His concussive hitting power, allied to a style


What was lily munster's maiden name? | Casestudyresearch What was lily munster's maiden name? Answer Jose Barbee In The Munsters episode Herman's Rival (#1.15), Lily Munster reveals that her maiden name is Dracula. . Jose Barbee 0 Login or Sign Up to answer this question. data-config-site-section="chacha"> What was lily munster's maiden name? In The Munsters episode Herman's Rival (#1.15), Lily Munster reveals that her... Stop worrying about the sharknado and start prepping for these other amusing disasters! Related The Munsters Quizzes Which of the famous advice animal meme characters are you the most like? Take this quiz to find out! Casestudyresearch Apps © Copyright 2006-     Casestudyresearch Internetsharingarch, Inc. – Experimental Use, All Rights Reserved, May Be Covered by US or Foreign Patents or Patents Pending. Sign In To Your Casestudyresearch Account Email: Forgot Password? Sign Up for a Casestudyresearch Account Sign up for Casestudyresearch and you'll be able to easily get answers from thousands of Casestudyresearch Guides on the Web and on your mobile phone, see your answer history, and stay up to date with the latest updates from Casestudyresearch. First Name:


What is the main ingredient of the dish Borscht?

Borscht Recipe | MyRecipes 3 medium beets, peeled and diced 2 (14-ounce) cans low-sodium chicken broth Greek or plain whole-milk yogurt (mix the latter with sour cream) Preparation Chop onion, and sauté in 1 tablespoon olive oil until golden. Add beets, broth, and 1/2 teaspoon salt. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat, and simmer 20 minutes, or until beets are tender. Purée mixture in a blender until smooth. Whisk 1/2 cup hot soup into 1 cup yogurt, and stir yogurt mixture into soup, until well-blended.


What is the US state capital of Virginia?

The Capital Cities of Virginia The Capital Cities of Virginia the four capitals of Powhatan, from his original inheritance of "Powhatan" at the Fall Line to Matchut NOTE: on John Smith's map, north is to the right Source: Library of Congress, Virginia (John Smith, 1624) Richmond has not always been the capital of Virginia. When the English colonists arrived in 1607, the paramount chief of the local tribes was Powhatan. He ruled his territory of Tsenacommacah from a seat of power at Werowocomoco, located on what we now call the York River. Powhatan had been born in a town further west, and had originally assumed power while living at the base of the waterfalls on Powhatan's River (now called the James River). Powhatan extended his control eastward by conquering the Piantatank, Kiskiak, and Chesapeake tribes. He moved to Werowocomoco, which had a long tradition as a special spiritual place, sometime before the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery arrived and disrupted the balance of power. In 1607, his brother Parahunt was werowance in that town. He ruled as a subordinate of Powhatan, sending tribute of corn and furs to his brother located in his second capital at Werowocomoco. In 1607, the English colonists established their official seat of government at Jamestown. The English soon discovered that their first capital of Virginia was about 15 miles south of Powhatan's base at Werowocomoco. the two capitals of Tsenacommacah and Virginia in 1607 (the "Powhatan" the top of the map is the location of Parahunt's town) NOTE: on John Smith's map, north is to the right Source: Library of Congress, Virginia (John Smith, 1624) Powhatan shifted his capital twice before the Second Anglo-Powhatan war started in 1622. In 1609 he migrated westward from Werowocomoco to Orapakes, moving to the swamps at the headwaters of the Chickahominy River. Sometime between 1611-1614, he moved again to the north side of the Pamunkey River, to a location known at Matchut. Long after the remnants of the Algonquian-speaking natives had lost control over Tsenacommacah, the English colonists abandoned Jamestown. Governor Nicholson and the General Assembly shifted the colonial capital to Williamsburg in 1699. In 1776, the rebellious Virginians declared independence, breaking with authority in London. That changed the status of Williamsburg into the capital of an independent "Commonwealth" rather than of a colony. In 1780 the Virginians moved their state capital from Williamsburg. According to traditional political lore, Thomas Jefferson left a blank spot in the bill that he introduced, allowing the legislators to determine the location of the new capital. Reportedly the General Assembly considered Newcastle on the Pamunkey River, not far downstream from Powhatan's last capital at Matchut, before choosing Richmond in a close vote. 1 25 years before the capital was moved from Williamsburg, Newcastle - but not Richmond - was important enough to show on a map Source: Library of Congress, Carte des possessions angloises & fran�oises du continent de l'Am�rique septentrionale. Kaart van de Engelsche en Fransche bezittingen in het vaste land van Noord America (1755) The General Assembly chose to move furher inland from Williamsburg, but stay on a deepwater river. The new location was the small community of Richmond. It was chosen in hopes that the new center of the revolutionary state government would be less vulnerable to British attack. Thomas Jefferson, governor at the time, later wrote: 2 The seat of our government had been originally fixed in the peninsula of Jamestown, the first settlement of the colonists; and had been afterwards removed a few miles inland to Williamsburg. But this was at a time when our settlements had not extended beyond the tide water. Now they had crossed the Alleghany; and the center of population was very far removed from what it had been. Yet Williamsburg was still the depository of our archives, the habitual residence of the Governor & many other of the public functionaries, the established place for the sessions


What is the generally accepted collective term for a group of starlings?

Group Names for Birds Group Names for Birds: A Partial List By Terry Ross A bevy of quail A bouquet of pheasants [when flushed] A brood of hens A building of rooks A cast of hawks [or falcons] A charm of finches A colony of penguins A company of parrots A congregation of plovers A cover of coots A covey of partridges [or grouse or ptarmigans] A deceit of lapwings A descent of woodpeckers A dissimulation of birds A dole of doves An exaltation of larks A fall of woodcocks A flight of swallows [or doves, goshawks, or cormorants] A gaggle of geese [wild or domesticated] A host of sparrows A kettle of hawks [riding a thermal] A murmuration of starlings A murder of crows A muster of storks A nye of pheasants [on the ground] An ostentation of peacocks A paddling of ducks [on the water] A parliament of owls A party of jays A peep of chickens A pitying of turtledoves A raft of ducks A rafter of turkeys A siege of herons A skein of geese [in flight] A sord of mallards A spring of teal A tidings of magpies A trip of dotterel An unkindness of ravens A watch of nightingales A wedge of swans [or geese, flying in a "V"] A wisp of snipe Any of these group names may properly be used by birders who wish to display their erudition, although it is probably linguistically inaccurate (and it certainly is bad manners) to upbraid someone who refers to "a bunch of ravens" by saying, "Surely you mean `an unkindness of ravens,' my good fellow." Most of these terms date back at least 500 years. Some of them have been in continuous use since then; others have gone out of fashion and been resurrected in the last century or two; still others only exist on lists. Most of these terms are listed in James Lipton's An Exaltation of Larks. Lipton's list is substantially based on very old sources. There were manuscript lists of group names in the 15th century, and these lists appeared in some of the first books printed in England. Many of them make their first appearance in John Lydgate's Debate between the Horse, Goose, and Sheep (1440); and Lydgate's terms along with others appear in The Book of Hawking and Hunting (also known as The Book of St. Albans) by Dame Juliana Barnes (1486). Whether Lydgate and Barnes coined any of these terms, or whether they were setting down the terms that were considered proper in their day is not known. Many of the terms did catch on, and the lists they appeared on were frequently reprinted. The best source I know for investigating the histories of English words is the Oxford English Dictionary. Unfortunately, on the question whether these terms ever were or still are appropriate, the OED is not entirely helpful. To make sense of the matter, I have placed the group names into groups-- GROUP A--The following group names are standard: A bevy of quail A bouquet of pheasants  A brood of hens A cast of hawks A charm of finches A covey of partridges A flight of swallows A gaggle of geese A nye of pheasants A siege of herons A skein of geese A trip of dotterel A wisp of snipe GROUP B--These terms are not group names for a particular type of bird, but have been commonly used for many different types:  Colony Company Flock Parliament Party GROUP C--These terms are archaic; they were once obsolete, but they have been revived somewhat in the 19th or 20th centuries: A building of rooks A murmuration of starlings A muster of peacocks A peep of chickens A sord of mallards A spring of teal A watch of nightingales GROUP D--These terms are obsolete; they appeared on the old lists, but almost nobody has used them in centuries:  A congregation of plovers A dissimulation of birds A dole of doves A fall of woodcock A host of sparrows A paddling of ducks An unkindness of ravens GROUP E--These terms are not in the OED at all as group names for birds: A cover of coots A kettle of hawks A murder of crows An ostentation of peacocks A pitying of turtledoves A rafter of turkeys A tidings of magpies My categories are imprecise, but they provide some guidance about usage. Have no qualms about usin


In which year was the Channel Tunnel (between England and France) opened?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 6 | 1994: President and Queen open Chunnel About This Site | Text Only 1994: President and Queen open Chunnel The Queen and France's President Francois Mitterrand have formally opened the Channel Tunnel during two elaborate ceremonies in France and Britain. After travelling through the tunnel, which took eight years and billions of pounds to build, the Queen said it was one of the world's great technological achievements. The tunnel is the first land link between Britain and Europe since the last Ice Age about 8,000 years ago. The first leg of the Queen's journey took her from London's Waterloo station through the tunnel by high-speed Eurostar passenger train. She arrived at Calais at the same time as the President Mitterrand's train which had travelled from Paris' Gard du Nord via Lille. Nose to nose encounter The two locomotives met nose to nose - a computer that prevents two trains travelling on the same track was switched off for the occasion. The two heads of state cut red, white and blue ribbons simultaneously to the sound of their respective national anthems played by the band of the French Republican Guard. They were accompanied by their Prime Ministers John Major and Edouard Balladur and other government ministers to the Eurotunnel terminus. Passengers must wait Eurostar will not start carrying passengers until July at the earliest and private cars will have to wait until October. After lunch, the Queen and President Mitterrand took the royal Rolls-Royce on Le Shuttle for the 35-minute trip to Folkestone. There was a similar ribbon-cutting ceremony on English soil. Among those present were joint Eurotunnel chairmen Sir Alastair Morton and Andr� B�nard as well as Frenchman Philippe Cozette, who drilled the hole that first joined the two ends of the tunnel in December 1990. Behind today's celebrations lies the reality that the tunnel has run up huge debts. It cost �10bn to build, more than double the original forecast in 1987 - and there are serious doubts about its long-term financial viability. The two opening ceremonies In Context At first the Channel Tunnel looked like it was going to be a financial disaster. A year after the official opening, the tunnel operator Eurotunnel announced a loss of �925m, one of the biggest in UK corporate history at the time. To add to its woes, freight traffic was suspended for six months in 1996 after a fire broke out on a lorry in the tunnel. A scheme in which banks agreed to swap billions of pounds worth of loans for shares saved the tunnel from going under and in 1999, Eurotunnel was able to announce its first net profit - �64m. It still has huge debts - to the tune of �6.4bn in 2004. But it has become an accepted and popular mode of transport, not least among illegal immigrants trying to get into Britain from Europe. Tunnel facts


What was the name of Napoleon's horse at Waterloo?

Faq#13: What was the name of Napoleon's horse? What was the name of Napoleon's horse? By J.F.  Lozier Since so many of the paintings of Napoleon show him  riding a horse, it has become a common trivia question to ask  "What was the name of Napoleon's horse?". However, it is not  an easy one to answer, for Napoleon owned and used over 150  horses during the course of his life. The most famous ones  were: Wagram, a gray Arab Napoleon rode from 1809       onwards, it was brought along during the Elba exile. Roitelet, an English-Limousin chestnut given       to Napoleon by Prince Eugene de Beauharnais, it carried       Napoleon back from Russia and was ridden at Lutzen and       Arcis-sur-Aube. Intendant, a pure white Norman nicknamed       "Coco" by the Imperial Guard. He was mainly used for       parades and reviews because of his calm, steady, and       graceful nature during such ceremonies. Vizir, one of the Emperor's favorites, this       gray Arab was a gift from the Sultan of Turkey in 1805       and 10 years later Napoleon brought it with him to       Saint-Helena. It now resides — stuffed — in the       Musée de l'Armée in Paris. Marengo, a gray Arab captured after Waterloo. His skeleton is kept       at the National Army Museum in London. Tauris, this gray was a gift from Alexander       (Tsar of Russia) was ridden by Napoleon at Vitepsk,       Smolensk, Borodino, during his entrance in Moscow, and       during the retreat from Russia. After being brought to       Elba, it was ridden from Golf-Juan to Paris during the       Hundred Days. Cyrus, one of the horses Napoleon rode at       Austerlitz. Styrie, ridden by Bonaparte across the Great       Saint-Bernard, and at Marengo. Désirée, ridden at       Waterloo. The names of some of his other horses include: Aboukir,  Familier, Cheikh, Triomphant, Austerlitz, Calvados, Cid,  Cordoue, Sagonte, Sélim, Bouffon, Conquérant,  Extrême, Folâtre, Gracieux, Timide, Sahara,  Major, Belle, Distingué, Gisors, Lowska, Favori,  Harbet, Néron, Tamerlan, Hippogriffe, Kurde,  Labrador, Sara, Épicurien, Embelli, Gessner,  Bréant, Wuzbourg, Montevideo, Artaxercés, Aly,  Coceyre, Sultan, Russe, Estime, Arabella, Babylonien,  Euphrate, Hahim, Harbet, Helavert, Héricle, Lydienne,  Lyre, Naïade, Nankin, Naturaliste, Naufragé,  Nausicaa, Navigateur, Navire, Ninon, Emin, Gonsalvo. © Copyright 1995-2015, The Napoleon Series, All Rights Reserved.


A 2007 film celebrated the 50th anniversary of which typeface?

Helvetica, A Documentary About A Font A daily dose of unique art, culture and technology from around the world. Helvetica, A Documentary About A Font Share on Skype (Opens in new window) Helvetica is a new documentary film produced and directed by Gary Hustwit that celebrates the 50th anniversary of Helvetica , a popular sans-serif font created by Swiss designer Max Miedinger in 1957. Helvetica is a feature-length independent film about typography, graphic design and global visual culture. It looks at the proliferation of one typeface (which will celebrate its 50th birthday in 2007) as part of a larger conversation about the way type affects our lives. The film is an exploration of urban spaces in major cities and the type that inhabits them, and a fluid discussion with renowned designers about their work, the creative process, and the choices and aesthetics behind their use of type.


If something is bicephalous it has two what?

Bicephalous | Define Bicephalous at Dictionary.com bicephalous [bahy-sef-uh-luh s] /baɪˈsɛf ə ləs/ Spell Examples from the Web for bicephalous Expand Privy Seal Ford Madox Ford British Dictionary definitions for bicephalous Expand Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for bicephalous Expand 1803, a hybrid from bi- + Latinized adjectival form of Greek kephale "head" (see cephalo- ). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Which famous fashion emporium was started by Barbara Hulanicki in London in 1964?

Caroline Roux: Miami nice | Life and style | The Guardian Life and style Miami nice Biba brought floppy hats and feather boas to 1960s London. On the eve of the iconic label's relaunch, Caroline Roux talks to its founder, Barbara Hulanicki, in Florida Friday 28 July 2006 19.06 EDT First published on Friday 28 July 2006 19.06 EDT Share on Messenger Close The first time I speak to Barbara Hulanicki, the woman who started the famous Biba fashion emporium in London in 1964, she's standing outside her Miami home and I'm on the phone in London. "We've had a storm warning," she's saying. "But we have so many, you never know whether or not to take it seriously. We have until 4pm to get off the islands which make up the city." Are you insured? I ask. "There's no point," says Hulanicki. "The building is concrete. We're meant to have water and batteries and dry food, too." And do you? "Do I? No!" she laughs. Shortly after I put down the phone, Hurricane Wilma swept through the city. Now, nine months on, Hulanicki has just put her house back in order. Her windows were demolished and the palm trees in her garden uprooted. "First all the electrics went, and then I noticed that the terrazzo floor was really shiny - it's usually matt," says the woman who has forged an impressive career as an interior designer since arriving in Miami in 1991. Others have not been so lucky getting their homes repaired. Work is done slowly here, where the heat often tips 100 degrees and the humidity is stifling. "You can't even recognise some streets now that the trees have all gone. But, I have to say, it's very exciting." Hulanicki will be 70 in December, but seems in no need of a quiet life - you are unlikely to meet anyone else of her age with quite so much energy. She was born in Poland in 1936 and brought up in Palestine until the age of 12, which the family left in a hurry when her father, a diplomat, was assassinated. With her mother and two sisters, she decamped to London where her Aunt Sophie lived at the Ritz, never emerging before 1pm to exercise her Pekinese in the hotel corridors. They moved to Brighton (Aunt Sophie to the Metropole), where Barbara endured family life until financial independence allowed her to escape. "It was claustrophobic," says Hulanicki now. "Sophie was so sad we were living in the 1950s and not the 1930s. My friends were having a whale of a time and I had to go skating in a floor-length sable coat with sandwiches wrapped in damask napkins." This retro life, however, was to bear fruit. Biba's identity was forged around a peculiar 60s take on 30s style, from its elaborate gold artnouveau logo on a black background, to the sequined skull caps, bow lips, skinny silhouette and feather boas that made up the Biba look. Hulanicki left London after 12 years of Biba, which had been a critical if not always a financial success, producing not just cutting-edge clothes but everything from Bibabranded baked beans to make-up. An ungainly sell-out to the Dorothy Perkins chain had finally driven away her and husband Stephen Fitz- Simon. She still regrets that she no longer owns the name (it was bought out some time ago by a businessman called Michael Pearce), particularly with Biba relaunching in September at stores such as Selfridges and Liberty in London, with Bella Freud at the creative helm. "Biba was my sister's nickname," she says. "Feminine but not girlie. It's horrible that it belongs to someone else." Part of what makes Miami, where she lives just one block from the ocean, so attractive is its distance from London. "Delving into the past is so depressing," she says, when we meet in London. She also enjoys the fact that no one has heard of Biba in Florida. To the Miami-ites and Bermudans who are Hulanicki's clients, she is a fearless interior designer, known for "going into funny old houses and making them work" in a place where the normal response is to tear them down. Her own apartment was once the lobby of a Jewish retirement home. She moved in eight years ago after her beloved "Fitz" died and she was fighting ovarian cancer.


Igor Stravinsky: The Firebird - Classic FM Classic FM Schedule Igor Stravinsky: The Firebird As you listen to the assured, complex ballet music Igor Stravinsky wrote for The Firebird, it’s impressive to think that the composer was only twenty-seven when he created it. While Stravinsky was Russian through and through, Paris was a crucially important city for him: it was here that the highly controversial The Rite of Spring was premiered in 1913. The city had also hosted the premiere performance of The Firebird three years earlier. The job of writing the music for this Diaghilev ballet was never meant to fall to Stravinsky, though. The first-choice composer was fellow Russian Anatol Liadov, best remembered nowadays for his brooding orchestral piece The Enchanted Lake. Liadov suffered a musical version of writer’s block and was unable to come up with any music that could suitably convey the centuries-old legend of the firebird. So, straight off the subs bench came Stravinsky, eager to make his mark on the Ballets Russes which Diaghilev ran in Paris. The premiere of The Firebird in 1910 cemented Stravinsky’s position as one of the period’s most exciting and dynamic composers, and he was revered by the musical elite of Paris. Today, the ballet remains in rep across the world – and the concert suite is regularly performed, too. Recommended Recording


Who was the first British monarch to broadcast a Christmas message to the nation?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1952: Queen makes first Christmas speech About This Site | Text Only 1952: Queen makes first Christmas speech Millions of British and Commonwealth listeners have been listening to Queen Elizabeth's first Christmas broadcast of her reign. In a tradition that began in 1932, the Queen made her address on BBC radio from the study at Sandringham House at 1507 GMT. She used the same desk and chair as her father King George VI and his father King George V had done. The annual broadcast allowed nations around the world to hear the voice of their monarch, made more human by the power of radio. The Queen began: "Each Christmas, at this time, my beloved father broadcast a message to his people in all parts of the world. Today I am doing this to you, who are now my people. Message to armed forces "As he used to do, I am speaking to you from my own home, where I am spending Christmas with my family." She also made mention of those serving abroad, referring no doubt to armed forces in Korea, Malaya and Kenya. "I have a special thought for those who are serving their country in distant lands far from their families. Wherever you are either at home or away, in snow or in sunshine, I give you my affectionate greetings, with every good wish for Christmas and the New Year." In clear, firm tones she thanked her subjects for their "loyalty and affection" since her accession to the throne 10 months ago and promised to continue the work of her father and grandfather to unite the nations of the British Commonwealth and Empire. She asked them to pray for her on coronation day next summer. The Prime Minister of New Zealand announced today that the Queen will make next year's Christmas broadcast from Government House in Auckland.


Christmas New 2015 Jeopardy Template First place in Canada to celebrate Christmas 100 How do many people spend Boxing Day? A) Working. B) Shopping C) Wrapping presents. 100 What colour are the berries of the mistletoe plant? 100 Just like the ones I used to know What's the second line of "I'm dreaming of a white christmas"? 100 True or false: Joseph married Mary immediately after the angel appeared to him? 200 This Provence spends more on Christams gifts than any other. 200 Norway London's Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is traditionally given by which country?  A) Canada B) Norway C) Denmark D) Scotland 200 How many points does a snowflake have? 200 I saw Mommy kissing Santa Claus Child star Jimmy Boyd sang which hugely popular 1950's Christmas song, which was initially banned by the Catholic Church in Boston because it supposedly mixed sex and Christmas? 200 Canada In which country does Santa have his own personal postcode: HOH OHO?  A) The U.S. B) Canada C) New Zealand 300 5.8 million litres of eggnog were consumed How much eggnog is consumed at Christmas time in Canada? A. 300,000 Litres B. 5.8 Million Litres C. 50 Million Litres D. 500 Million Litres 300 What's lucky to find in your Christmas Pudding? 300 What country did Christmas Trees originate from? 300 White Christmas (by Bing Crosby) What is the title of biggest selling Christmas single, globally? 300 Charles Dickens One of the most loved Christmas books is A Christmas Carol. Who wrote it? A) Mark Twain B) Charles Dickens C) Hans Christian Andersen D) Thomas M. Sawyer 400 The French drink 'Lait de Poule' What drink was adapted to become the American Christmas drink 'Egg Nog'? A) The Scandinavian drink 'Gløgg' B) The Austrian drink 'Gluhwein' C) The German drink 'Biersuppe' B) The French drink 'Lait de Poule' 400 In the U.S., he's called "Santa Claus" - what's his British name? 400 Rudolph Which of the following names is NOT a name of one of Santa's original reindeers? A) Comet B) Cupid C) Dasher D) Dancer E) Prancer F) Vixen G) Donner H) Rudolph I) Blitzen 400 1984 In what year was Band-Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas" recorded?  A) 1977 B) 1980 C) 1984 D) 1990 400 B: A lump of coal Santa keeps close track of who’s been naughty and who’s been nice! Nice children often receive toys and candy in their stockings, but naughty children may receive: A) A book B) A lump of coal  C) An old shoe  D) An orange 500 'Jannying' Mummering is a tradition which mainly takes place in the province of Newfoundland, more commonly in small towns and villages rather than large towns and cities. What is another name for Mummering? 500 Sandringham House Where does the British Queen traditionally spend Christmas? A) Windsor Castle B) Buckingham Palace C) Sandringham House D) Balmoral castle 500 Solid white. In the 1950s an automated machine was invented that could put on the red stripes on candy canes. What color were they before the 1950s? 500 Silent Night What is the English title of the carol written in 1818 by Austrian priest Josef Mohr originally called "Stille Nacht"? 500


Who banned Christmas in England between 1647 and 1660?

Who banned Christmas between 1647 and 1660? | Reference.com Who banned Christmas between 1647 and 1660? A: Quick Answer In England, an Act of Parliament backed by Oliver Cromwell effectively put a ban on Christmas from 1647 to 1660. This ban was met with uproar, and people continued to celebrate Christmas in secret in spite of the ban. Full Answer The ban on Christmas was brought about by the rise of Christian Puritans, such as Cromwell. The Christian Puritans believed that there was no biblical evidence to substantiate the belief that Christmas falls on December 25 and that Christmas was a deeply commercial and pagan holiday. Among many things, it was illegal to congregate for Christmas mass, eat mince pies and decorate with evergreens.


On which date is Epiphany celebrated in the traditional Western calendar?

The Season of Epiphany The Season of Epiphany Dennis Bratcher In western Christian tradition, January 6 is celebrated as Epiphany. It    goes by other names in various church traditions.  In Hispanic and    Latin culture, as well as some places in Europe, it is known as Three Kings’ Day (Span: el Dia de los Tres Reyes, la Fiesta de Reyes,    or el Dia de los Reyes Magos; Dutch: Driekoningendag).    Because of differences in church calendars, mainly between the Eastern    Orthodox and the western Catholic and Protestant traditions, both    Christmas and Epiphany have been observed at different times in the past.  Today, most of the Eastern Orthodox traditions follow the western church    calendar. The exceptions are some Greek Orthodox Churches and related    traditions (for example, Russian and Serbian Orthodox) that still follow    the older calendar and celebrate Epiphany as the Theophany on January    19th. -1- Epiphany is the climax of the Advent/Christmas Season and the Twelve Days of Christmas , which are usually counted from the evening  of December 25th until    the morning of January 6th, which is the Twelfth Day. In following this  older custom of counting the days beginning at sundown, the evening of  January 5th is the Twelfth Night. This  is an occasion for feasting in some cultures, including the baking of    a special King's Cake as part of the    festivities of Epiphany (a King's Cake is part of the observance of Mardi Gras in French Catholic culture of the Southern USA).  In some  church traditions, only the full days are counted so that January 5th is  the Eleventh Day of Christmas, January 6th is the Twelfth Day, and the  evening of January 6th is counted as the Twelfth Night. In traditional Christian churches Christmas , as   well as Easter , is celebrated as a period of time, a season   of the church year, rather than just a day. The Season of the Church Year  associated with Christmas actually begins   with the first Sunday of Advent , four Sundays  before Christmas Day.  Advent is marked by   expectation and anticipation in preparing to celebrate the coming of Jesus.  Christmas begins with Christmas Day December 25  and lasts for Twelve Days until Epiphany , January 6, which looks ahead to the mission of the church to the world in   light of the Nativity. The one or two Sundays between Christmas Day and   Epiphany are sometimes called Christmastide.  For many Protestant church traditions, the season of Epiphany extends from   January 6th until Ash Wednesday , which begins   the season of Lent leading to Easter .  Depending on the timing   of Easter, this longer period of Epiphany includes from four to nine Sundays.  Other traditions,   especially the Roman Catholic tradition, observe Epiphany as a single day,   with the Sundays following Epiphany counted as Ordinary Time . In some western traditions, the last Sunday of Epiphany  is celebrated as Transfiguration Sunday. The    term epiphany means "to show" or "to make known" or even "to    reveal." In Western churches, it remembers the coming of the wise men    bringing gifts to visit the Christ child, who by so doing "reveal" Jesus    to the world as Lord and King. In some Central and South American    countries influenced by Catholic tradition, Three Kings’ Day, or the night    before, is the time for opening Christmas presents. In some eastern    churches, Epiphany or the Theophany commemorates Jesus’ baptism, with the    visit of the Magi linked to Christmas. In some churches the day is    celebrated as Christmas, with Epiphany/Theophany occurring on January    19th. Symbols of Epiphany The colors of Epiphany are usually the colors of Christmas, white and    gold, the colors of celebration, newness, and hope that mark the most    sacred days of the church year. In traditions that only observe a single    day for Epiphany, the colors are often changed after Epiphany to the    colors of Ordi


What liqueur goes into making a 'snowball' cocktail?

The Snowball – 12 Bottle Bar Add ingredients to collins glass filled with ice, stir Add squeeze of lime (optional) * * * I run with a tough crowd.  Bikers – British bikers, even.  When I’m in the UK, the place I call home is Ace Cafe .  If you’re into motorcycles at all, a mention of Ace should immediately elicit feelings of wanderlust – it is motorcycling’s equivalent to Graceland, a place to which all the faithful eventually make a pilgrimage.  And, if you at all recall the Mods and Rockers riots of the 60’s, Ace is where the Rockers got their start.  As I said, tough crowd those Rockers.  Every year, hundreds of thousands of them descend upon London for the Brighton Burn Up, named the best bike rally in the world.  I’ve been there, done that.  Did I mention the word “tough” yet?  Good – keep it in the front of your mind, because now I’m going to sell you on the Snowball. No one quite seems to know when the Snowball got its start, but diffordsguide pins the date at around the 1940’s or 50’s.  It was in the 70’s that the Snowball really took off, and it certainly is a drink that seems tailor-made for the Ron Burgundy set.  Advocaat was cheap and easily available in bottle-form, and lemonade was as close as adding water to frozen concentrate (why make your own?) – or better yet, you could opt for 7UP.  Yeah, the Snowballs flowed (rolled?) freely in the 70’s, and since the drink was sweet and mostly mixer and eggs, it was perfect for your nan or even your child’s first sip of adult refreshment.  The Snowball offered something for everyone – those were good times, indeed. But that’s not so much the case anymore – or, at least, it wasn’t up until about 2006.  Ask any Brit to name the worst drinks imaginable, and the Snowball would certainly make their list.  But don’t just take my word for it, here’s what “sundevilpeg”, a resident of the Internet, has to offer on the subject: “That “snowball” cocktail was one of the worst things I have ever seen. As previously noted here, the English are notorious for coming up with perfectly awful cocktail recipes, but this one has to be the creme de la crap. Advokaat is a low-rent, high alcohol bottled egg nog, actually of Dutch invention (Advokaat translates to “egg cognac”). “Lemonade” to the Brits = 7-Up or Sprite. Mixed. On the rocks.” To which, “freddi” replied: “I came to the forum today in the hopes that someone would already have written that the “snowball” is actually a fabulous drink, not the vile concoction it appeared to be — and I see in the posts that it sounds even worse than it looked! If I walked into someone’s house and was served a sweet-sweet drink of lemonade/eggnog/grain alcohol … I’m not sure how long I would last!” And these are, apparently, Americans who have never tried the drink; they’re just responding to its appearance on a famous television program.  But more on that in a moment.  For a great while, the sentiment in England wasn’t much different than what the Americans offer above.  Snowballs were antiquated drinks for the Miss Havishams of the world – little more than a too-cheap, too-sweet way to get drunk.  Were I to have wandered into Ace Cafe, sidled up to my biker brethren and ordered a Snowball – well, I don’t imagine I’d be here to write about it.  In 2006, however, all that began to change. Revolutions often occur with the simplest of questions, such as when a Scottish bartender asked his contemporaries: “Does anyone else think that between us we could make something like advocaat popular?” That question and the subsequent BOLS Advocaat/Barbore Cocktail Competition begin to put Advocaat and, subsequently, the Snowball back on the map again.  Co-winner of the competition was our friend Adam Elmegirab (maker of Dr. Adam Elmegirab’s Bitters ) for his Thundercaat (the recipe for which I’m saving for another post).  Belated congratulations, Adam, and many thanks to Philip Duff for illuminating this point in Advocaat history for us. This is where the Snowball reached level ground for me.  See, on one side, I had the British bikers keeping me far away from


What is the English title of the carol written in 1818 by Austrian priest Josef Mohr originally called Stille Nacht?

Robert XMAS Jeopardy Jeopardy Template 100 What is Silent Night? It is the English title of the carol written in 1818 by Austrian priest Josef Mohr originally called Stille Nacht 100 What is a BB gun? Ralphie desperately wanted this item for Christmas in 'A Christmas Story' 100 In 1987, this cat enjoys Christmas at the family farm in the countryside 100 He's known to be a three-decker sauerkraut and toadstool sandwich with arsenic sauce 100 It is the chemical composition of snow 200 In the song 12 Days of Christmas, this many swans were a swimming 200 The miracle on 34th street happened in this city 200 What is a really big turkey? In the Mr. Bean Christmas Special, Mr. Bean ends up wearing this on his head 200 In the novel 'A Christmas Carol', he was Scrooge's deceased business partner 200 It is the birth sign of people born on 25 December 300 What is 'I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus'? Child star Jimmy Boyd sang this hugely popular 1950's Christmas song 300 He played Santa in the movie 'The Santa Clause' 300 What is 'A Charlie Brown Christmas'? What is 1965? It was the title of the first Peanuts Christmas TV special BONUS double your points - It was the first year it aired 300 Who is Tiny Tim? Charles Dickens is said to have considered the names Little Larry and Puny Pete for this character 300 Santa has his own postal code in this country HOH OHO? 400 What is White Christmas by Bing Crosby? It is the biggest selling Christmas single, globally, of all time 400 In the 1969 movie, Frosty the Snowman, wore this for a nose 400 Who is Alvin, from Alvin and the Chipmunks? He gives Tommy his Golden Echo harmonica in this 1981 TV Christmas special 400 Who is George Bailey? Who is James Stewart? He is the central character in the film It's a Wonderful Life BONUS: Double points if you name the actor 400 Who is Tchaikovsky? He composed the music known as The Nutcracker Suite, for the Christmas themed ballet The Nutcracker 500 What is 'God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen'? In this Christmas Carol, the lyrics '...To save us all from Satan's power, when we were gone astray..' are sung 500 In 1992, he played the role of Ebenezer Scrooge in 'A Muppets Christmas Carol'? 500 What is The Island of Misfit Toys? In the 1964 classic 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer', Rudolph travels to this island 500 Vince Vaughan plays this character, Santa's older brother 500 What is advent? The Latin word that means 'coming' gave the English language this term which refers to the coming Christmas period as well as a particular tradition popular with children


The Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway notably) tend to celebrate Christmas chiefly on which date?

December Magazine 2015 by The Camposol District Journal - issuu issuu URNAL Costa Cálida’s AWARD WINNING free magazine Águilas - Lorca - Totana - Condado - Alhama - Camposol - Fuente Alamo - Pto de Mazarrón - Cartagena - Calasparra - Caravaca - Cehegín - Mar Menor - Mula - Moratalla Merry Christmas JOURNAL THE Dear Readers, Well it’s that time of the year again! Some people love it, some people hate it, but either which way there is no escaping it- IT´S CHRISTMAS TIME!!! Personally I really enjoy this time of year. Enjoying time with family and friends accompanied by lots of great food and wine, what’s not to like? I have to admit though, that by the time the 3 Kings come around I am always ready for life to return to normal! This edition of The Journal is a special one for everyone involved with the magazine. We have added 8 more pages are now officially 64 glossy, high quality pages of great to read, fun and interesting community content. This means that since I became involved with the magazine five short years ago, we have doubled in size and trebled our monthly print run, not to mention winning 2 publishing awards along the way. Not bad going for what started out as a small community magazine. I want to say a big thank you to my long suffering graphic designer Danny McCarthy for the hard work he puts in each and every single month without complaint (Ahem!) and also give a nod to the sky to the magazines founder and my friend, Rod Sawyer who will be looking down smiling upon us. And of course, thanks to you, our readers for picking up a copy each month and supporting us. Anyway Oscar acceptance speech over, I want to apologise to our client Portal Wimax. Last month we printed incorrect contact details on their advert. Portal Wimax are the longest established Wimax provider in the area, and for readers of The Journal, they had put together a very, very special offer with 8MB Broadband being reduced from 29.90@ a month to just 19.90€ per month- with NO CONTRACT. If you tried to get in touch last month and couldn’t please see the new contact details on their advert and give them a call! To each and every one of our readers, have a very Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. See you in 2016, Robbie Rutherford Proud to be a climate neutral publication News brought to you in conjunction with Tumbit- the leading website for News, Legal, Financial and Procedural information in Spain Note to all advertisers, and contributors: Any new adverts, changes to existing adverts or articles for inclusion in the following month’s magazine should be with us by no later that the 13th of the current month. CONTACT US: GENERAL MANAGER Robert Rutherford robbiedistrictjournal@hotmail.com 664 287 099 ART WORK Danny McCarthy Insignia Graphics 618 615 903 CONTACT DETAILS www.thejournalspain.es 968 103 008 CONTRIBUTORS Dawn Llewellyn-Price The gazpacho-monk Paul Cosco Shirley Ann Fisher Anne Bennett The Camposol Farmacia TO ADVERTISE CALL: 664 287 099 DISCLAIMER: Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this publication, no responsibilities can be accepted for inaccuracies, however caused. The information carried in this magazine is for guidance only.You should never act or refrain from action, on the basis of any such information.You should take appropriate professional advice on your particular circumstances. The opinions expressed are not necessarily the views of the publishers. The Journal Dawn Llewellyn-Price does not accept liability for any goods & John Brown services featured. Patrick Waller Shirley Ann Fisher Anne Bennett Allan Doyle Debs Jenkins THE JOURNAL SPAIN Spice Villa Indian Restaurant and Takeaway- 968 199 226 See our advert on page 40 see our advert on page 3 “Property Sales and Rentals” CAMPOSOL SECTOR B, Book your table now on - 968 131 515 www.thejournalspain.es 2015 We would like to thank all of our buyers and vendors, for making 2015 such a wonderful year. If you are thinking of buying or selling in 2016 come and talk to the No1. Agents on Camposol. You deserve the best! Merry Christmas & a ver


Which US state in 1907 was the last to declare Christmas a legal holiday?

Which US state was the last to declare Christmas a legal holiday? Which US state was the last to declare Christmas a legal holiday? 1 Answer 0 OK, this is tricky: Oklahoma was the last state to declare Christmas a legal holiday, in 1907, the year it became a state. Alaska and Hawaii were the last US territories to become states, but Christmas was already a legal holiday in those territories before statehood and before 1907. Oklahoma Territory had not declared it a legal holiday until it became a state. So, technically the answer is Oklahoma, although you could argue that it is Hawaii (technically) since it was the last territory to become a state. All clear as mud? (lol). answerbag.com


Presepe in Italy refers to what Christmas tradition?

The Italian Presepe: A Christmas Tradition | Italy The Italian Presepe: A Christmas Tradition The Holy Nativity in Italy Submitted by annadefilippo on Mon, 12/12/2016 - 11:59 The Holy Nativity in Italy A small forward... The Presepe is truly a piece of Italy's tradition and heritage. As you are about to read, the history of Presepe is well rooted in that of Italy and even those who are not practicing Catholics tend to consider it an integrant part of their Christmas.  It is important to underline it because, in the past bunch of years, our beloved Presepe has been under attack. Italy has been developing – not always happily and not always successfully – into a more culturally and ethnically varied country, where freedom of cult is, of course, guaranteed. Allegedly to protect such freedom, calls to remove Presepe from schools and public places have been growing. This created a huge mediatic backlash and ultimately increased intolerance.  If you think it is non-Catholics and non-Italians to say "no" to Presepe, you are wrong: it is our school principals, our directors to do it, and they are all Italians.   Non-Catholics coming from outside Italy are, mostly, pretty cool with Presepe and accept, some happily others more grudgingly, the culture and heritage of the country they chose as theirs. It is we Italians creating the issue and it is shameful.  Italy's glorious culture and heritage come from an equally glorious past, rooted in Graeco-Roman and Judeo-Christian traditions. Presepe, a symbol of the Nativity, should not only be important to Catholics celebrating the birth of Christ, but to all Italians aware of their own past and heritage. It seems to me that, too often, we try to better ourselves by embracing all that is new, forgetting where we come from or, even worse, feeling ashamed of our own origins. There is nothing wrong in embracing the new, being tolerant and find beauty and righteousness in other people's cultures, sets of believes or lack thereof. But neglecting one's cultural heritage and, even worst, denying it in name of another, is a shameful, shameful act, as there is nothing worse than killing Memory: it is the beginning of the end of a civilization.  This is not going to be an easy Christmas for our Presepe: removed from many schools in Italy "not to offend non-Christians," when non-Christians are, on average, not bothered with Presepi in schools, and Christmas being celebrated as it always has. And even if non-Christians were not happy with the cultural display our Christmas is, we should never, as a nation, as representatives of a culture that is common to billions of people around the world, spit in the eye of our tradition just because we were said or suggested to do it. Our culture, the one we were born into, is the very own essence of our Humanity, let us never forget it.


Amazon.co.uk: Customer Discussions: Christmas quiz - need questions ( and answers!) Christmas quiz - need questions ( and answers!) Sort: Oldest first | Newest first Showing 1-6 of 6 posts in this discussion Initial post:  5 Dec 2010 16:01:12 GMT here are a few i have just found on the net, hope they are of some help. List of 35 Christmas Questions & Answers What popular Christmas song sung by Jimmy Boyd in the 1950's was banned by the Catholic Church in Boston because it apparently mixed sex and Christmas? (I saw Mommy kissing Santa Claus) Who banned Christmas in England between 1647 and 1660? (Oliver Cromwell) What is the English title of the carol written in 1818 by Austrian priest Josef Mohr originally called Stille Nacht? (Silent Night) Which American state in the early nineteen hundreds was the last to declare Christmas a legal holiday? (Oklahoma) Christmas Crackers is cockney rhyming slang for which part of the male anatomy? (Testicles) Common name for small baked sausages wrapped in rashers of streaky bacon? (Pigs in blankets) Which river did George Washington cross on Christmas night in 1776 in the American Revolutionary War? (Delaware) Traditional in Germany at Xmas, what sort of food is stollen? (Cake) How many gifts are given in total in the song The Twelve Days of Christmas? (364) Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean is a territory of which country? (Australia) The USA's official National Christmas Tree is in which National Park? (Kings Canyon National Park, California) John Callcott Horsley designed what first commercial Christmas item in 1843? (Christmas card) In Victorian England what people were popularly called robins because of their red uniforms? (Postmen) Which token vegetable is often included in the ingredients of a Christmas pudding? (Carrot) What type of animal is Snowball in George Orwell's book Animal Farm? (A pig) Yorkshire man William Strickland is said to have brought what to Britain from North America in 1526? (Turkey) Who was the first British monarch to broadcast a Christmas message to the nation? (George the Fifth) Name the wise man that gifted gold to baby Jesus? (Melchior) What is the biggest selling Christmas single of all time? (White Christmas) What was Scrooge's first name? (Ebenezer) Name the three reindeer whose names begin with a "D"? (Dasher Donder Dancer) What Christmas holiday drink other than mulled wine contains sugar, milk, and eggs? (Eggnog) What was Frosty last words? ("I'll be back again someday") On what street did a Santa Claus miracle occur? (34th) Counting Rudolph, how many reindeer are there? (9) Name the characters that sing "The Chipmunk Song"? (Alvin, Theodore, and Simon) What is the most popular tree topper? (Angel) What do most elves wear on the tips of their shoes? (Bells) After red and green, what are the two most popular Christmas colors? (Silver and Gold) Where did Santa land his sleigh "The Night before Christmas"? (On the roof) What is the name of the first reindeer Santa calls in The Night before Christmas? (Dasher) 1.What goes "oh, oh, oh?? =Santa walking Backwards 2.What goes red white red white red white?=Father Christmas rolling down a hill! 3.What does Father Christmas always go down the chimney?=Because it soots him! 4.What does Santa Claus' cat want for Christmas?=Some new claus! 5.Who looks after Father Christmas when he's ill?=The National Elf Service!!! 6.Who gives presents and bites people?=Santa Jaws!!! 7.What is Father Christmas' favourite drink? =Beer-d!! 8.Who is Santa's most famous elf?=elfvis! 9.What is Father Christmas' wife called ?=Mary Christmas! 10.Mary said to Santa, "what's that out-side?" Santa replied "it's Reindeer =(Rain Dear)" Hope these help here is a the website http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/c ustoms/Xmas/santajokes.htm


Which of the Wise Men was said to have brought the gift of gold for the baby Jesus?

All About the Wise Men -- The History of The Christmas Story -- whychristmas?com The History behind the Story The Story in the Bible After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east came to Jerusalem and asked, 'Where is the one who has been born king of the Jews? We saw his star in the east and have come to worship him.' When King Herod heard this he was disturbed, and all Jerusalem with him. When he had called together all the people's chief priests and teachers of the law, he asked them where the Christ was to be born. 'In Bethlehem in Judea,' they replied, 'for this is what the prophet has written: "'But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for out of you will come a ruler who will be the shepherd of my people Israel.'" Then Herod called the Magi secretly and found out from them the exact time the star had appeared. He sent them to Bethlehem and said, 'Go and make a careful search for the child. As soon as you find him, report to me, so that I too may go and worship him.' After they had heard the king, they went on their way, and the star they had seen in the east went ahead of them until it stopped over the place where the child was. When they saw the star, they were overjoyed. On coming to the house, they saw the child with his mother Mary, and they bowed down and worshiped him. Then they opened their treasures and presented him with gifts of gold and of incense and of myrrh. And having been warned in a dream not to go back to Herod, they returned to their country by another route. Matthew 2:1-12 The History behind the Three Kings/Wise Men/Magi in the Christmas Story After Jesus was born, Wise Men came to look for Him, probably from an area which is now in either Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia or the Yemen. Although they are often called the 'Three Kings', the Bible does not say how many there were, or that they were kings. One theory is that they might have been Kings of the Yemen, as during this time the Kings of Yemen were Jews. Three is only a guess because they brought with them three gifts: but however many there were of them, they probably would have had many more servants with them. They were definitely men of learning. They were certainly men of great learning. The word Magi comes from the greek word 'magos' (where the english word 'magic' comes from). Magos itself comes from the old persian word 'Magupati'. This was the title given to priests in a sect of the ancient persian religions such as Zoroastrianism. Today we'd called them astrologers. Back then astronomy and astrology were part of the same overall studies (and 'science') and went hand in hand with each other. The magi would have followed the patterns of the stars religiously. They would have also probably been very rich and held high esteem in their own society and by people who weren't from their country or religion. They had seen an unusual new star in the sky, and knew that it told of the birth of a special king. No one really knows what the new star is the sky was, and there are many theories including comets, supernovas, a conjunctions of planets or something supernatural! Find out more about the star in the Star of Bethlehem page in the Christmas Customs section . Legends are told about them and they have been given names. This is how they are often described: Gaspar (or Caspar), who has brown hair and a brown beard (or no beard!) and wears a green cloak and a gold crown with green jewels on it. He is the King of Sheba. Gaspar represents the Frankincense brought to Jesus. Melchior, who has long white hair and a white beard and wears a gold cloak. He is the King of Arabia. Melchior represents the Gold brought to Jesus. Balthazar,who has black skin and a black beard (or no beard!) and wears a purple cloak. He is the King of Tarse and Egypt. Balthazar represents the gift of Myrrh that was brought to Jesus. Herod asked the Wise Men to find Jesus and tell him where he was, not so he could go and worship him as he said, but so he could kill him! He thought th


The 1954 movie White Christmas was the first to be made using what new Paramount film format?

White Christmas (1954) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A successful song-and-dance team become romantically involved with a sister act and team up to save the failing Vermont inn of their former commanding general. Director: Norman Krasna (written for the screen by), Norman Panama (written for the screen by) | 1 more credit  » Stars: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 24 titles created 21 Dec 2010 a list of 29 titles created 18 Dec 2013 a list of 27 titles created 01 Dec 2015 a list of 37 titles created 04 Dec 2015 a list of 37 titles created 2 months ago Search for " White Christmas " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Oscar. See more awards  » Videos At an inn which is only open on holidays, a crooner and a hoofer vie for the affections of a beautiful up-and-coming performer. Director: Mark Sandrich A food writer who has lied about being the perfect housewife must try to cover her deception when her boss and a returning war hero invite themselves to her home for a traditional family Christmas. Director: Peter Godfrey An angel in human form enters the life of a bishop in order to help him build a new cathedral and repair his fractured marriage. Director: Henry Koster The Griswold family's plans for a big family Christmas predictably turn into a big disaster. Director: Jeremiah S. Chechik A selfish, cynical T.V. executive is haunted by three spirits bearing lessons on Christmas Eve. Director: Richard Donner Rosemary Clooney talks about her memories of making White Christmas (1954). Stars: Rosemary Clooney, Bing Crosby, Dean Jagger A young widow is romanced by a sales clerk whom she inadvertently got fired. Director: Don Hartman An old bitter miser is given a chance for redemption when he is haunted by three ghosts on Christmas Eve... Director: Brian Desmond Hurst Edit Storyline Having left the Army following W.W.II, Bob Wallace and Phil Davis team up to become a top song-and-dance act. Davis plays matchmaker and introduces Wallace to a pair of beautiful sisters (Betty and Judy) who also have a song-and-dance act. When Betty and Judy travel to a Vermont lodge to perform a Christmas show, Wallace and Davis follow, only to find their former commander, General Waverly, as the lodge owner. A series of romantic mix-ups ensue as the performers try to help the General. Written by Norman Cook <cook@ssdgwy.mdc.com> First and unforgettable picture in VISTAVISION See more  » Genres: 14 October 1954 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Irving Berlin's White Christmas See more  » Filming Locations: Mono (Western Electric Recording)| Perspecta Stereo (optical prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia A myth persists that all of Vera-Ellen 's costumes, down to her robe and sleepwear, were designed to cover her neck, which had been damaged by anorexia. See more » Goofs The railroad station and passenger cars are said to be in Vermont when in fact they are Southern Pacific Standard Design Station and SP Harriman coaches never used outside of SP service territory. See more » Quotes See more » Crazy Credits This film was the first feature to use the VistaVision Paramount logo. A new logo, created especially for wide-screen, this logo appears more realistic and features a shot of a canyon with trees around it. The sky is more distant in depth and is full of contrast. The Paramount logo is pretty much the same as before here. The screen credit "Paramount (with the "P" written in their corporate font) proudly presents the first picture in" first appears over the mountain, and then the VistaVision logo appears, then the Paramount logo plays as usual (with the final notes of the Paramount on Parade march, followed by a bell sound). The Paramount mountain, with minor variations until 1986


Which river did George Washington cross on Christmas night in 1776 in the American Revolutionary War?

Washington crosses the Delaware - Dec 25, 1776 - HISTORY.com Washington crosses the Delaware Publisher A+E Networks During the American Revolution, Patriot General George Washington crosses the Delaware River with 5,400 troops, hoping to surprise a Hessian force celebrating Christmas at their winter quarters in Trenton, New Jersey. The unconventional attack came after several months of substantial defeats for Washington’s army that had resulted in the loss of New York City and other strategic points in the region. At about 11 p.m. on Christmas, Washington’s army commenced its crossing of the half-frozen river at three locations. The 2,400 soldiers led by Washington successfully braved the icy and freezing river and reached the New Jersey side of the Delaware just before dawn. The other two divisions, made up of some 3,000 men and crucial artillery, failed to reach the meeting point at the appointed time. At approximately 8 a.m. on the morning of December 26, Washington’s remaining force, separated into two columns, reached the outskirts of Trenton and descended on the unsuspecting Hessians. Trenton’s 1,400 Hessian defenders were groggy from the previous evening’s festivities and underestimated the Patriot threat after months of decisive British victories throughout New York. Washington’s men quickly overwhelmed the Germans’ defenses, and by 9:30 a.m. the town was surrounded. Although several hundred Hessians escaped, nearly 1,000 were captured at the cost of only four American lives. However, because most of Washington’s army had failed to cross the Delaware, he was without adequate artillery or men and was forced to withdraw from the town. The victory was not particularly significant from a strategic point of view, but news of Washington’s initiative raised the spirits of the American colonists, who previously feared that the Continental Army was incapable of victory. Related Videos


Traditional in Germany at Christmas, what sort of food is stollen?

What Makes a Good Stollen "Great"? - Germanfoods.org for german speaking exporters What Makes a Good Stollen “Great”? The Christmas Stollen is one of the Germany’s favorite holiday sweet treats. Over 2.5 million Stollen were purchased in German retail stores last year, and countless more were baked in home kitchens. This deliciously sweet and fruity cake ( quite different from traditional British fruit cake) has also gained great popularity in North America over the past twenty years. One can find a large variety of domestic and imported Stollen in almost all food stores here. The question arises: what differentiates an average tasting Stollen from a good or even great one? And what defines the uniqueness of the famed Dresdner Stollen. Here are some of the secrets revealed: The secrets of great tasting Stollen The best tasting Stollen contains select quality wheat flour, yeast, butter (instead of margarine or vegetable oils), dried raisins, sultanas or currants soaked in rum, orangeat(candied orange), Zitronat (candied lemon), and powdered sugar as topping. Occasionally, marzipan, vanilla extract, almonds nut and spices are used to enhance flavors. The standards of the German bakers association prescribe that for every 100g of flour, Stollen must contain at least 30g of butter and at least 60kg of dried fruits. Top quality Stollen are incredibly delicious, and – if consumed in moderation – will not add to your waistline. They have just the right amount of moisture, yeasty texture, balanced taste, yet distinct individual flavors of each component and are not too sweet. The right amount of butter is key. Light Weight Stollen doughs contain up to 10% fats, Medium weight Stollen contain up to 30% fats, and Heavy Weight Stollen contains up to 50% fats. Due to its high content of fats and fruits, Stollen keeps fresh and can be stored for a long time before getting rancid or stale. Although not light in calories, high quality Stollen burns fast and does not make you feel heavy. Connoisseurs can taste the difference. Stollen varieties Mandelstollen (with almonds) – must contain at least 20kg of almonds per 100kg of flour   Marzipanstollen (with marzipan) – must contain at least 5% of its total weight in marzipan or lesser quality persipan     Mohnstollen (with poppy seeds) – must contain at least 20 kg of poppy seeds per 100 kg flour   Nussstollen (with hazelnuts or walnuts) – must contain at least 20kg of nuts per 100kg flour     Butterstollen (with more butter, dried fruits and/or almonds) minimum of 40kg butter and 70 kg dried fruits; almonds or marzipan can replace 10kg of the dried fruits     Quarkstollen (with quark or cottage cheese) minimum 40 kg quark and 20kg butter or other fats   Dresdner Stollen (protected recipe under EU law) see description below   Raisins, Sultanas or Currants? Stollen can be made with any of the three dried fruits; they just have to be from top quality suppliers. Many great stollen varieties use sultanas because of the lighter color. What is the difference? Raisins are dried white grapes, made from distinct varieties, such as Thompson Seedless or Muscatel and are produced mainly in the USA, Turkey, Greece and Australia. Sultanas are smaller, sweeter and lighter than raisins, with a distinctive golden-pale color. They originated in Manisa, Turkey, and most sultanas still come from that country. Currants are dried, black, seedless grapes originally produced in Greece. They are also known as ‘raisins of the sun’. The secret of Dresdner Stollen As the former capital of the wealthy kingdom of Saxony, Dresden developed a vibrant culinary scene over the centuries and, correspondingly, churned out a great number of culinary inventions. That also applies to the stollen. According to a 100 year-old recipe, Dresdner Stollen has to be made with a distinct ratio of key ingredients, otherwise it’s not Dresdner Stollen. Here are the ratios: For 1.5 kg of flour, use 300gr sugar, 625 g butter, 125g lard, 750g Raisins, sultana or currants (softened in rum), 375 g of candied lemon zest, 375 gr slices almond, 110 g


According to the UK National Meteorological Office what year (prior to 2007) was the last White Christmas in Britain?

History of the National Weather Service History of the National Weather Service Weather.gov > History of the National Weather Service The National Weather Service has its beginning in the early history of the United States. Weather always has been important to the citizenry of this country, and this was especially true during the 17th and 18th centuries. Weather also was important to many of the Founding Fathers. Colonial leaders who formed the path to independence of our country also were avid weather observers. Thomas Jefferson purchased a thermometer from a local Philadelphia merchant while in town for the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. He also purchased a barometer — one of the only ones in America at the time — a few days later from the same merchant. Incidentally, he noted that the high temperature in Philadelphia, Pa., on July 4, 1776 was 76 degrees. Jefferson made regular observations at Monticello from 1772-78, and participated in taking the first known simultaneous weather observations in America. George Washington also took regular observations; the last weather entry in his diary was made the day before he died. During the early and mid-1800's, weather observation networks began to grow and expand across the United States. Although most basic meteorological instruments had existed for over 100 years, it was the telegraph that was largely responsible for the advancement of operational meteorology during the 19th century. With the advent of the telegraph, weather observations from distant points could be "rapidly" collected, plotted and analyzed at one location. 1800-1899 2006-2009 2010-Current 1849: Smithsonian Institution supplies weather instruments to telegraph companies and establishes extensive observation network. Observations submitted by telegraph to the Smithsonian, where weather maps are created. By the end of 1849, 150 volunteers throughout the United States were reporting weather observations to the Smithsonian regularly. By 1860, 500 stations were furnishing daily telegraphic weather reports to the Washington Evening Star, and as the network grew, other existing systems were gradually absorbed, including several state weather services. 1860: 500 stations are making regular observations, but work is interrupted by the Civil War. 1869: Telegraph service, instituted in Cincinnati, began collecting weather data and producing weather charts. The ability to observe and display simultaneously observed weather data, through the use of the telegraph, quickly led to initial efforts toward the next logical advancement, the forecasting of weather. However, the ability to observe and forecast weather over much of the country, required considerable structure and organization, which could be provided through a government agency. 1870: A Joint Congressional Resolution requiring the Secretary of War "to provide for taking meteorological observations at the military stations in the interior of the continent, and at other points in the States and Territories...and for giving notice on the northern lakes and on the seacoast, by magnetic telegraph and marine signals, of the approach and force of storms" was introduced. Congress passed the resolution and on February 9, 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant signed it into law. A new national weather service had been born within the U.S. Army Signal Service’s Division of Telegrams and Reports for the Benefit of Commerce that would affect the daily lives of most of the citizens of the United States through its forecasts and warnings for years to come. 1870-1880: Gen. Albert J. Myer serves as chief signal officer, directing the new weather service. 1880: Upon the death of Gen. Myer, Gen. William Babcock Hazen takes over as chief signal officer. He serves until his death in 1887. 1887: Upon the death of Gen. Hazen, Maj. Gen. Adolphus Greely takes over as chief signal officer. He serves until his death in 1891. May 30, 1889: An earthen dam breaks near Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The flood kills 2,209 people and wrecks 1,880 homes and businesses. October 1, 1890: The we


JWS Water Engineering What is the popular name for little baked sausages wrapped in rashers of streaky bacon? Pigs in blankets Question 2. The Christmas period of 1813-14 saw the last what in London?Christmas Fair on a frozen River Thames Question 3. In Victorian England which people were popularly called robins because of their red uniforms?Postmen Question 4. From Christmas day 2013 to Christmas Day 2023, over these 10 years what's the potential saving (Euros) of having Steam Steriliastion compared to a conventional heat system?90,000 Euros Question 5. Who are the four ghosts in Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol?Christmas Past, Christmas Present, Christmas Yet to Come, and Jacob Marley Question 6.


How many gifts are given in total in the song The Twelve Days of Christmas?

The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? » The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? By Murray Bourne , 16 Dec 2008 A partridge in a pear tree Most people wrongly believe that the '12 Days of Christmas' refers to the days before Christmas. However, it's really the period starting on Christmas day and finishing with the Epiphany (January 6th, when the 3 kings from 'the East' brought gifts). You may be familiar with the Christmas song, The 12 Days of Christmas. The first few lines go like this: On the first day of Christmas, my true love sent to me A partridge in a pear tree. On the second day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the third day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. The song continues, adding 4 calling birds on the 4th day, 5 golden rings on the 5th, and so on up to the 12th day, when 12 drummers add to the cacophony of assorted birds, pipers and lords leaping all over the place. Notice that on each day there is one partridge (so I will have 12 partridges by the 12th day), and each day from the second day onwards there are 2 doves (so I will have 22 doves), and from the 3rd there are 3 hens (total of 30 hens), and so on. So, how many presents are there altogether? Partridges: 1 × 12 = 12 Calling birds: 4 × 9 = 36 Golden rings: 5 × 8 = 40 Geese: 6 × 7 = 42 Drummers: 12 × 1 = 12 Total = 364 We observe that we have the same number of partridges as drummers (12 of each); doves and pipers (22 of each); hens and lords (30 of each) and so on. So the easiest way to count our presents is to add up to the middle of the list and then double the result: (12 + 22 + 30 + 36 + 40 + 42) × 2 = 364. Efficiently counting the presents What if we have more than 12 days? How many presents then? Let's now generalize the above result just in case out true love decides to be extraordinarily generous and keeps on giving us gifts - up to 100 days, say. (Multiplying and adding could get quite tedious.) Mathematically speaking, my true love is giving me 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n presents on the n-th day after Christmas. The number of presents each day is 1 on the 1st, then 3 on the 2nd, then 6 on the 3rd, then 10 on the 4th. We call this set of numbers the triangular numbers, because they can be drawn in a dot pattern that forms triangles: To get the total number of presents, we need to add those triangular numbers, like this: 1 (on the first day) + 3 (on the 2nd day) + 6 + 10 + ... Another way of writing this is: On the first day, 1 present. On the 2nd day, 1 + 3 = 4 presents On the 3rd day, 1 + 3 + 6 = 10 presents On the 4th day, 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 = 20 presents. These partial sums are called tetrahedral numbers, because they can be drawn as 3-dimensional triangular pyramids (tetrahedrons) like this: So how many dots (representing presents) will there be in the 12th tetrahedron? Of course, we could just start adding with our calculator, but what if my true love is very generous, and starts giving me presents for 30 days after Christmas? Or for 100 days? How would I calculate it then? Our aim is to produce a formula that will allow us to find any tetrahedral number. Here's one of the possible ways of doing this. Let's take (for example) the sum of the first 4 triangular numbers and represent it as a triangle. Each row in the triangle (on the left, below) adds to a triangular number and the sum of the whole triangle is the sum of the first 4 triangular numbers. Let's now re-arrange the first triangle in 2 different ways, then add the result, in respective positions. (My total is 3 times what I really need. I will divide by 3 later to cater for this). Notice that by doing this, I get a total of 6 in every position in the result triangle. The answer of "6" is 2 more than the 4 triangular numbers that we are adding. So if we were adding the first 7 triangular numbers, our result in the right triangle would be all 9's; if it was the first n triangular numbers, we


"The words ""Myrrh is mine, its bitter perfume breathes of life, of gathering gloom..."" come from which Christmas carol?"

Myrrh Is Mine MYRRH IS MINE (probably from hearing "We Three Kings of Orient Are" by John H. Hopkins, and wondering what kind of idiot would take myrrh to the birth of a king.) Myrrh is mine, its bitter perfume, Breathes a life of gathering gloom; Sorrowing, sighing, bleeding, dying, Sealed in a stone-cold tomb. Ben H. Swett Pease Air Force Base, NH December 1960 I half awoke from deep sleep because my stomach muscles were contracting and relaxing as though I were bowing repeatedly. What is this? ... Oh, I'm swaying back and forth. Why? What am I doing? ... Riding. I'm riding a camel, swaying to counteract the motion of the saddle as the camel walks. Go with it. What happens next? Ah! White night ... cool white light all around me and above me ... black shadows, like shadows in moonlight ... and other riders, ahead of me. I know them. They are my friends. ... and the stars ... I know them, too. What am I thinking? How many nights, how many, many nights have I watched these same familiar stars trace their courses through the heavens? And how many times have I hoped to see that which I now behold? ... but saw it not ... not for the birth of my son ... nor any king ... not for battles ... nor harvests ... never. Never have the heavens shown such a sign as this, to me or my brethren. What king might this be, who merits such power? For what majesty would the impassive heavens create a star? And such a star! Even Melchior, for all his age and wisdom, has never seen such a thing. Even now he rouses from his dozing in the saddle to peer again at the beacon we follow ... how it lights his face! Whiter than the moon, and more radiant. Ah ... he looks at me ... his question is still not answered. He still does not understand why I do what I must do ... and perhaps he never shall. Do not wonder, good Melchior ... you, more than father to me ... if I am wrong, if the child we seek is not the king I believe him to be ... then I alone will pay for the folly of my gift. Your gold will be accepted, as always ... the symbol of wealth, of power, of the best that earth has to offer. You are safe in your gift, my friend ... far safer than I ... And you, Kaspar ... I know the vial of frankincense rides lightly between your sash and your tunic, and I also believe the king we seek must be priest to his people, must bring to them Truth and the spirit of Light. I too would have carried the token of priesthood, were it not for all the old writings, all the many stories and traditions that foretell the coming of a prince who will suffer and die for his people ... for all people ... and then continue to serve ... the one who will be high king and priest and prophet forever ... I simply cannot believe any king would receive such a sign to herald his birth, were he less than this one foretold. I have seen other signs, and other kings, and I know ... I almost know ... this must be him of whom it is said: "He will be King of Kings, Lord of Lords, the Wonderful Counselor, the Prince of Peace." So ... now we near the end of our journey ... and if a child be born of Herod, or any prince of this people, it will be the end of my journey ... for how could they let one live who brings the symbol of death to the place of birth? Myrrh, the embalmers' balsam, they must consider a curse on the infant. And yet ... and yet ... if the child be humbly born, as the ancient scrolls foretell ... then perhaps ... perhaps that which I have seen in the stars is true, and the time of the writings is at hand. Gently! Gently, my long-legged brother, gently. Don't trip over shadows of rocks along the road. I know you are tired. You have but little farther to go. You will soon be at peace with your stall and your hay, and ... and ... I too shall be at peace ... at peace from my wondering ... for lo, even now the white walls of Jerusalem shine like a city of dreams upon the farthest hill.   "Out of the Orient they came ariding. Three noble kings of humble heart and mind; They came to see the Blessed Lord of Heaven Descend to earth, to be a child. Precious gifts of gold and myrrh


"Which diarist noted on 25th December 1662, ""(Christmas Day). Had a pleasant walk to White Hall, where I intended to have received the communion with the family, but I have come too late..."""

The van Aken brothers’ Christmas – Part 1 | Writing Family History Giving voice to the past The van Aken brothers’ Christmas – Part 1 Posted by Nicola Stevens on December 18, 2012 As Christmas approaches I am wondering how the van Aken brothers, Arnold, Joseph and Alexander, would have spent the Holy day; what rituals and traditions were typical in the first half of the eighteenth century.    I know that the glorious, highly decorated evergreen trees lit by tiny twinkling candles, families gathered around roaring fires and air heavy with the smell mixed spices and plum pudding are all part of a Germanic tradition introduced to Britain by Prince Albert in the nineteenth century.     Many of the carols we sing today are standardised Victorian versions of regional variations from earlier centuries. Early in the eighteenth century [i] the British liked to hang roughly tied boughs of evergreen leaves, holly and bunches of mistletoe in their homes. Mistletoe was a popular pagan symbol to ward off evil spirits and promise fertility in the coming spring.  Church decorations tended to be limited to red berry laden holly sprigs and ivy.     The carol, The Holly and the Ivy, was a favourite to sing reflecting these decorations.  Other carols that the van Aken brothers could have sung might have included Joy to the World, based on Psalm 98 it was written and first published in 1719 by Isaac Watts [ii] , and early versions of I saw three ships come sailing and Good King Wenceslas [iii] . The seventeenth century diarist Samuel Pepys noted how he spent one Christmas day ‘….. had a pleasant walk to White Hall , where I intended to have received the Communion with the family, but I came a little too late.     By and by down to the chappell again where Bishopp Morley preached upon the song of the Angels, “Glory to God on high, on earth peace, and good will towards men.” Methought he made but a poor sermon,………’ [iv]   He then walks home and ate ‘……a mess of brave plum-porridge and a roast Pullet for dinner; and I send for a mince-pie abroad, my wife not being well to make any herself yet.’  Pepys then went to his office, ‘…. Practicing arithmetique alone with great content, till 11 at night; and so home to supper and bed.’ A relaxed attitude to the religious aspect of Christmas Day seems to be quite normal.  Although religion played a central part for many in Britain during the eighteenth century, not everyone was passionately driven.  Life centered on the church calendar seems to have a strong sense of a community for the parishioners rather than fire, brimstone and damnation.  Rightly or wrongly, I feel, having come from Antwerp that was a city fought over for decades by royal and religious factions, the van Akens brothers would have had a relaxed view of a God – however I am unable to verify this feeling Nicola Stevens