Which ecumenical Christian community was founded by the Scottish clergyman Reverend George MacLeod in 1938?

Iona Community - Hymnary.org Log in to make the most of Hymnary.org collections. Iona Community Full Name: Iona Community The Iona Community, founded in 1938 by the Rev George MacLeod, is an ecumenical Christian community of men and women from different walks of life and different traditions in the Christian church. Its headquarters are in Glasgow, Scotland, where its publishing house Wild Goose Publications is also based, but its main activities take place on the island of Iona, and to a lesser extent also on Mull, in Argyll and Bute. The community began as a project led by George MacLeod, at that time Church of Scotland minister in Govan, Glasgow, to close the gap which he perceived between the Church and working people. He took a group of ministers and working men to Iona to rebuild the ruined medieval Iona Abbey together. The community which grew out of this was initially under the supervision of an Iona Community Board reporting to the Church of Scotland's General Assembly, but later the formal links with the Church of Scotland were loosened to allow the community more scope for ecumenical involvement. The Iona Community is a scattered community. Its members live mainly in Scotland, England and Wales, others live in Australia, Germany, Malaysia and the United States. In May 2009, there were 270 Full Members, "around 1800" Associate Members and 1600 Friends of the Community. Among them are Presbyterians, Anglicans, Lutherans, Quakers, Roman Catholics and people of no denominational allegiance. The community has a strong commitment to ecumenism and to peace and justice issues. The Iona Community runs three residential centres: Iona Abbey and the MacLeod Centre on the Isle of Iona, and Camas Tuath on Mull. Weeks at the centres often follow a programme related to the concerns of the Iona Community, and people are invited to come and share the life. A regular feature of a visit to Iona is a pilgrimage around the island which includes meditations on discipleship; when the pilgrims reach the disused marble quarry or the machair, the common ground where the crofters once grazed sheep, for example, they stop for reflection on work and faithfulness. The community has its own ecumenical liturgy which is used daily in the abbey and elsewhere. Amongst the most widely-known song and liturgical material from the Iona Community is the experimental worship developed by the Wild Goose Resource Group, based in Glasgow. The Group, exists to enable and equip congregations and clergy in the shaping and creation of new forms of relevant and participative worship, particularly concerned with enabling Jo Love supported by a small administrative team led by Gail Ullrich. Along with a team of local Glaswegians, they also run a monthly, city-centre workshop & worship event, Holy City. Bell and Maule, with their collaborators, the Wild Goose Worship Group and more recently, the Wild Goose Collective, have produced around 50 published books and CDs since the mid-80s. In the 80s and 90s, the Wild Goose Worship Group was highly influential in introducing songs from the other cultures (particularly those from South Africa) to the repertoire of churches in the UK and elsewhere. The approaches and practices of the Wild Goose Resource Group have been widely imitated and written about. Collections of Wild Goose Resource Group songs and texts have been published internationally, including translations into Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Japanese, Dutch, Frisian, Danish and German. The leader of the community is elected by the members. The leaders to date are: George MacLeod 1938-1967 Kathy Galloway 2003 - 2009 Peter MacDonald 2009–present (Term extends to 2016) Miles Christi was a name given to the members of the Iona Community by its founder George MacLeod. The origin of this image of being a Soldier for Christ may have its roots in Martin of Tours who as a former Roman Soldier applied similar discipline to Christian life and was a great inspiration to the early Church in Scotland. St Martin's Cross, a high Celtic Cross carved in stone, stands to this da


To what did the Gilbert Islands change its name after gaining independence from Britain in 1979?

Pacific Island Books : Kiribati (Gilbert Islands) Pacific Island Books Kiribati (Gilbert Islands) Kiribati Akekeia! Traditional Dance in Kiribati by  Tony & Joan Whincup. ISBN 0646415549. Published by Tobaraoi Travel. Recommended  retail price $74.99. Dance is the expression of joy and sorrow, maybe love, friendship being  expressed through the dance in the highest way – so dancing in Kiribati  is one of the highest forms of expression. It’s a way of bringing the  community together, participating in certain celebrations, that’s why  you develop this sense of unity in the community through dance, also beginning  to appreciate your own culture. It gives joy to the people, they cannot celebrate  without dance. Also the preparation of dance takes a long time, so in doing  that they really develop their sense of unity towards the community – it’s a way of educating our young people, participating in their culture  especially in dances – so dance is the center of our life really…this  is the way our highest point of expression, our emotions and feelings about  life and relationship between one another and also the relationship with the  invisible world, the spirit are all in the dance; so it’s a big wealth  for us and a very rich expression of our life through the dances. Hard cover,  168 pages. Published in 2001. Ana Otabwanin Kiritimati: The Environment of Christmas Island by Roger Perry and Martin Garnett. Recommended retail price $12. Originally published as The Natural History of Birdlife of Christmas Island, this book was written thanks to a grant from the Overseas Development Administration (British Development Division, Fiji). It includes diagrams and photos of the many different bird populations residing and visiting Christmas Island as well as some information and drawings on the plants, land crabs and lizards. Soft cover, 36 pages. Published in 1998. Book of Banaba, The by H. C and H. E Maude. Published by the Institute of Pacific Studies. ISBN  06420128X. Recommended retail price $15. When the Banabans had to leave their ancestral homeland as a result of the devastation  caused by the phosphate mining industry they settled on the island of Rabi in  Fiji. Unfortunately the traumatic upheavals which the community has been through  since the beginning of the century, and particularly since the Japanese occupation,  have resulted in an understandable loss of confidence and a questioning of their  identity and future. The Rabi born, in particular, have little conception of  their rich historical heritage and former culture. This book, therefore, has been prepared to provide the present and future  generations of Rabi islanders with all that thas been recorded of their former  way of life on Banaba from the time their forebears first settled it over a  thousand years ago and created a prosperous, self-supporting and happy society  numbering several thousand. The work will be of interest as well to a wider readership since it is the  first to detail the settlement of an isolated Pacific Island, the development  on it over the centuries of a community superbly integrated into its unique  environment, and its final reluctant abandonment owing to external pressures  beyond their control. Soft cover, 124 pages. Published in 1994. Borau Ni Kiribati, Te (text of Kiribati) by Etekia Ainati and Abera Timea.  ISBN 9820201306. Published by the Institute of Pacific Studies . Recommended retail price $12. Kaain Kiribati bon taani borau mangkoa aika a konabwai.  N te boki ae kakaawaki aei, e kaokira rikaki Etekia Ainati bwa ti na nori bonganan manin ao bwain abara, marawa ao karawa.  E teretere man te boki bwa ngaia bon taian “tirotaam” taabo aikai.  A kona n noraki ao ni warekaki iai kanikina ake a kaoti kanoan bong aika a na roko bwa te buaka ke te raoi ao a bati riki.  Aikai rabakau aika a bongana irouia aomata nako, riki taan borau ao taan akawa. Soft cover, 61 pages. Published in 1997. Kiribati by Tony Whincup. Published by Tobaraoi  Travel. Recommended


Jeff Bridges won this years 'Oscar' for Best Actor for his role as 'Otis Blake', in which film?

10 Greatest Roles of Jeff Bridges | Rolling Stone 10 Greatest Roles of Jeff Bridges Bruce Springsteen Played Secret White House Concert for... 10 Greatest Roles of Jeff Bridges As the actor hits theaters in 'Tron: Legacy' and 'True Grit', Peter Travers looks back on his top performances 10 All Stories Jeff Bridges finally won his Oscar this year after 40 years of making movies. Funny things is, his role as broken-down country singer Bad Blake in Crazy Heart isn't even his career best. No way, dude. Maybe it took so long for Bridges to take home Academy gold because he makes his craft look easy. Another sign of a great actor is how the stench cloud that covers a lousy movie doesn't seem to taint him. Heaven's Gate was a famous flop. Ditto the 1976 remake of King Kong. Bridges was sly and fun in both of them. So here, in tribute to one actor's true grit, are my picks for the 10 best performances by Jeff Bridges. Add your own in the comments.


What term describes the point at which a celestial object in orbit around the Earth, such as the Moon, makes its closest approach to Earth?

Moon Glossary: Lunar Terms and Definitions Moon Posters Moon Glossary: Lunar Terms and Definitions A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | W | X, Y, Z A Albedo  This term is a unit-less measure that refers to the how much an object diffusely reflects light from the sun. Angular Diameter  The measurement of the diameter of a distant object from the perspective of the angle resulting between the observer and the object's outer edges. Also known as the 'visual diameter'. Annular Eclipse  Refers to an solar eclipse where the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth, but with the Moon appearing smaller than the Sun to the observer, leaving a bright ring around the circumference of the Moon. Anomalistic Month  The length of time that the Moon takes to pass between perigee (or apogee) passages  that is, the 27.55455 day period during which the Moon moves from its closest (or farthest) point to the Earth, all the way around and back again. Anorthositic Rock  A calcium-rich rock type found in abundance on the Moon. Aphelion  The farthest point from the Sun in a planetary body's orbit. Apogee  The farthest point from the Earth in the Moon's orbit. Apogean Tide  The name for low tide when the Moon is at it's farthest point from the Earth. Apolune  The farthest point from the Moon in an object's orbit around it. B Basalt  Volcanic rock formed by rapidly cooling lava. Found on the moon and the earth. Breccia  A type of rock that is composed of a matrix of different materials, minerals and fragments of other rocks. Found on the moon and the earth. C Celestial equator  The projection of the Earth's equator into space. It could be considered an invisible belt that surrounds the Earth in the minds of astronomers. Celestial Mechanics  The specialized areas of astrology that describes the gravitational effects of heavenly bodies as well as their motion. Colongitude  Also called selenographic colongitude, it is the longitude of the Moon's morning terminator. Conjunction  The term applied when two planets are in close proximity to each other in the sky, from the perspective of an Earth-bound observer. Crater Wall  The cliff-like wall formed by the impact of a meteor with a celestial body such as a planet or moon. Crescent Moon  The famous image of the Moon frequently used in the media, consisting of only a thin crescent slice of the Moon being visible from Earth. This phase of the moon occurs just after the New Moon phase, which is also known as Dark of the Moon. There is also a Crescent Moon phase just prior to the next New Moon as well. D Dark of the Moon  So named because during this phase, the Moon is not visible in the sky, Dark of the Moon is also known as New Moon. Declination  Declination is the position of a celestial body, such as the Moon, in the equatorial coordinate system. Declination is measured by degrees in relation to the celestial equator. Diurnal  In astronomy, diurnal generally refers to the motion of an object in a 24 hour period. An example would be Moon-rise. These activities repeat every 24 hours. The diurnal arc describes the amount of time a celestial object takes to transition from fully risen to fully set. DST  Daylight Savings Time. E Earthshine  The light of the sun that is reflected back into space by the Earth, and which can illuminate other objects such as the Moon. Eclipse  Any interference between the light from the Sun and the object being illuminated. The Moon frequently moves between the Earth and the Sun, blocking out the Sun's rays. Ecliptic  A term applied to the invisible path in the sky that the Sun moves through during the year, in relation to Earth and the other planets. Elongation  The angle found between a planet and the Sun, from the perspective of the Earth. Ephemeris  An astronomical text which contains the position of celestial bodies in the sky as seen from Earth at specific times. These positions are given in coordinates that astronomers can then use to locate and view these bodies. Equatorial Tide  A tide with a perio


Which Liberal Democrat has been appointed Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, in David Cameron's first Cabinet?

BBC News - Cabinet: David Cameron's new line-up Cabinet: David Cameron's new line-up Here is a guide to the cabinet following the reshuffle which began on 14 July, 2014: David Cameron Prime Minister Prime Minister David Cameron Conservative David Cameron was virtually unknown outside Westminster when he was elected Tory leader in December 2005 at the age of 39. The Old Etonian had dazzled that year's party conference with his youthful dynamism and charisma, reportedly telling journalists he was the "heir to Blair". He has sought to match the former PM by putting the Conservatives at the centre ground of British politics. After the 2010 election he led his party into coalition with the Lib Dems, making tackling the UK economy's deficit its priority. He has faced criticism from some on the right of the party but Mr Cameron has insisted the coalition will see through its full five-year term. Before becoming leader, he was the Conservatives' campaign co-ordinator at the 2005 general election and shadow education secretary. He was special adviser to Home Secretary Michael Howard and Chancellor Norman Lamont in the 1990s before spending seven years as a public relations executive with commercial broadcaster Carlton. Nick Clegg Deputy Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg In just five years, Liberal Democrat Nick Clegg, a contemporary of Mr Cameron, went from political obscurity to the absolute front line of British politics. After becoming MP for Sheffield Hallam at the 2005 election, he was promoted to Europe spokesman, before moving on to the home affairs role. When Sir Menzies Campbell resigned as leader in 2007, he entered the race to succeed him, in the end narrowly beating Chris Huhne. He really came to prominence during the televised debates ahead of the general election, being judged in polls to have been the big winner of the first one. However, this appeared to do little to help the Lib Dems when they actually lost seats on 6 May. The party, though, retained enough MPs to become the vital players in the hung parliament. After taking his party into coalition with the Conservatives - and U-turning on a previous pledge to reject university tuition fees - Mr Clegg saw his personal poll ratings slump, but he has pointed to areas where Lib Dem policies have come into force on taxation and consitutional issues. Like David Cameron, he has insisted the coalition is working in the national interest and will continue for the full parliament. George Osborne Chancellor Chancellor George Osborne One of David Cameron's closest friends and Conservative allies, George Osborne rose rapidly after becoming MP for Tatton in 2001. Michael Howard promoted him from shadow chief secretary to the Treasury to shadow chancellor in May 2005, at the age of 34. Mr Osborne took a key role in the election campaign and even before Mr Cameron became leader the two were being likened to Labour's Blair/Brown duo. The two have emulated them by becoming prime minister and chancellor, but have avoided the spats. Some prominent Conservatives have urged Mr Osborne to do more to promote economic growth. Before entering Parliament, he was a special adviser in the agriculture department when the Tories were in government and later served as political secretary to William Hague. Home Secretary Theresa May Theresa May is the second woman to hold the post of Home Secretary. She was the first woman to become Conservative Party chairman, under the leadership of Iain Duncan Smith. She then took up the culture and family portfolios before being made shadow Commons leader by David Cameron. She has been a keen advocate of positive action to recruit more women Tories to winnable seats and was a key architect of the "A list" of preferred candidates. A passionate moderniser, she famously ruffled feathers when she told Tory activists they were seen as members of the "nasty party". In her role as home secretary, she has overseen widespread changes to the immigration system. Mrs May was the shadow work and pensions minister ahead of the election. Philip Hammond Fore


To what did the New Hebrides change its name after gaining independence from France and Britain in 1980?

Flashpoint: South Pacific - Vanuatu and New Caledonia Willemez 8 Comments Who knew that France is still involved in a conflict over South Pacific maritime boundaries? Tell the French that their opponent in the conflict is Vanuatu and many will answer “What’s a Vanuatu?” Few French even know that France claims one of the biggest aggregate maritime territories in the world. Indeed, due to its numerous overseas departments and territories, France possesses the second largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the world, covering 11,035,000 km², just behind that of the United States, with 11,351,000km². Shinzo Abe, the Japanese Prime Minister, even said in June 2013, that “France is a big maritime power,” and that France and Japan should collaborate for security issues in the Asia-Pacific region. Following up this sentiment, during Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida’s visit to Paris, the two nations agreed to closer military ties. Funny enough, France is never mentioned in Australia’s Defence White Paper 2013. And yet Spain is, despite lacking any territory in the South Pacific. France on the other hand retains French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, and New Caledonia, a territory with an EEZ as big as South Africa’s. One of New Caledonia’s neighbors, Vanuatu, then known as the New Hebrides, was a Franco-British Condominium (a territory with shared sovereignty) from 1906 to 1980. Nowhere else on earth were two colonial powers sharing an island. (Well, they of course first competed for it, before deciding to rule it jointly.) While the former colony maintained formal relations with France after gaining independence, two little inhabited rocky islands known as Matthew and Hunter became the cause of a maritime boundary issue between the two nations. In 1976, prior to Vanuatu’s/New Hebrides’ independence, France annexed Matthew and Hunter islands to New Caledonia rather than keep them in the New Hebrides condominium. The Vanuatu government of the time rejected French sovereignty over the islands and planted the Vanuatu flag on Hunter Island in 1993 but a French patrol vessel prevented the party from reaching Matthew Island. France nowadays maintains a naval presence and an automated weather station on Matthew. In 2009, the Vanuatu Prime Minister and the independence movement of New Caledonia, the FLNKS, signed a document – with no legal value – recognizing the Vanuatu sovereignty over Matthew and Hunter islands. This gesture is all the more surprising given that France has always stated that the two islands belong to the territory of New Caledonia, and that Vanuatu’s economy is largely supported by French development aid, as well as aid from Iceland, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and others. But in Vanuatu, the legends associated with these southern islands demonstrate the importance of these two islands in the Ni-Vanuatu (Vanuatu people) tradition. Matthew is known as the “House of the Gods” where the spirits of the dead go rest. Ni-Vanuatu speak of traveling regularly from the islands of the Vanuatu archipelago to Hunter and Matthew, singing and dancing when they were on one or the other of the two islands in dispute today. On the other hand, there is no known legend of these islands in New Caledonia. Vanuatu claims that the two islands are part of its archipelago based on its offered geological and cartographic evidence. Those two islets are even being fought for before the UN under terms of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) The dispute spilled has also unsettled relations with neighbors. In 1982, for example, Fiji and New Caledonia signed an agreement on mutual recognition of their maritime boundaries, in which Fiji recognized French ownership of the Matthew and Hunter Islands. The action upset Vanuatu, which demanded that Fiji recognize Ni-Vanuatu sovereignty over the islands, stating that failure to do so would be a blow to peace in the region, but Fiji did not revoke its signature. Oh, I almost forgot: Hunter Island is also unofficially claimed by the micronation Republic of Lostisland, which undertook an


In which country is the popular coffee-flavoured liqueur 'Tia Maria' produced?

Tia Maria Liqueur - Beer, Wine and Spirits Read about Quality Certification Tia Maria is a coffee flavoured liqueur based on neutral cane spirit with vanilla flavouring and sweetened with sugar. Read more Tia Maria was originally made in Jamaica using Jamaican Blue Mountain coffee beans and Jamaican chocolate. It was invented soon after World War II by Dr. Evans in Kingston, Jamaica and legend has it that he invited friends from the nearby Country Club to help select the best formula for the new liqueur . The original alcohol strength of 31.5% alc./vol. was first reduced to 26.5% alc./vol and in some markets, including the UK, the further reduced to 20% alc./vol. . The Tia Maria brand was bought by Pernod Ricard in 2005 when Allied Domecq was disemboweled but was in turn sold to I.L.L.V.A. Saronno Holding S.p.A. in 2009 as part of Pernod Ricard's debt reduction brand sell off.


In terms of area, which is the world's largest landlocked country?

Landlocked Countries: 44 Countries Have No Ocean Access By Matt Rosenberg Updated November 15, 2016. Approximately one-fifth of the world's countries are landlocked, meaning they have no access to the oceans. There are 44 landlocked countries that do not have direct access to an ocean or ocean-accessible sea (such as the Mediterranean Sea).  Why Is Being Landlocked an Issue? While a country such as Switzerland has thrived despite its lack of access to the world's oceans, being landlocked has many disadvantages. Some landlocked countries rank among the poorest in the world. Some of the issues of being landlocked include: Lack of access to fishing and oceanic food sources High transportation and transit costs because of a lack of access to ports and world shipping operations Geopolitical vulnerabilities from dependence on neighboring countries for access to world markets and natural resources Military limitations because of the lack of naval options What Continents Have No Landlocked-Countries? North America has no landlocked countries, and Australia is rather obviously not landlocked. continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World Within the United States, over half of the 50 states are landlocked with no direct access to the world's oceans. Many states, however, do have water access to the oceans via the Hudson Bay, Chesapeake Bay, or Mississippi River.  Landlocked Countries in South America: South America has just two landlocked countries: Bolivia and Paraguay. Landlocked Countries in Europe: Europe has 14 landlocked countries: Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Vatican City. Landlocked Countries in Africa: Africa has 16 landlocked countries: Botswana, Burundi, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Lesotho,  Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, South Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Lesotho is unusual in that it is landlocked by just one country (South Africa). Landlocked Countries in Asia: Asia has 12 landlocked countries: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Laos, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Note that several of the countries in western Asia border the landlocked Caspian Sea, a feature that does open some transit and trade opportunities. Disputed Regions that Are Landlocked: Four regions that are not fully recognized as independent countries are landlocked: Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.  What Are the Two Doubly-Landlocked Countries? There are two, special, landlocked countries that are known as doubly-landlocked countries, completely surrounded by other landlocked countries. The two doubly-landlocked countries are Uzbekistan (surrounded by Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and, Turkmenistan) and Liechtenstein (surrounded by Austria and Switzerland). What Is the Largest Landlocked Country? Kazakhstan is the world's ninth largest country but is the world's largest landlocked country. It's 1.03 million square miles (2.67 million km2) and is bordered by Russia, China, the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan , Turkmenistan, and the landlocked Caspian Sea . What Are the Most Recently Added Landlocked Countries? The most recent addition to the list of landlocked countries is South Sudan which gained independence in 2011. Serbia is also a recent addition to the list of landlocked countries. The country formerly had access to the Adriatic Sea, but when Montenegro became an independent country in 2006, Serbia lost its ocean access. This article was edited and expanded significantly by Allen Grove in November 2016.


What is the name of the special agent played by Keifer Sutherland in the drama series '24'?

Kiefer Sutherland suffering from 'terrifying nerves' for new series of 24 | Daily Mail Online comments Jack Bauer may have nerves of steel but Kiefer Sutherland, who played the iconic CIA agent in Fox's 24 for nine years until 2010, certainly hasn't. The 47-year-old British Canadian star is due to return to the role in the rebooted 24: Live Another Day, but admitted to he's more than a little anxious about the project. 'I'm terrified,' he told reporters at the Television Critics Association's meeting at the Langham Hotel in Pasadena, California, where he was promoting the upcoming new season on Monday.  Scroll down for video Restarting the clock: Kiefer Sutherland admitted he's 'terrified' about rebooting iconic CIA drama 24 during a panel at the Television Critics Association's promotion in Pasadena, California, on Monday Jack is back! The promo shot for the new series of the much-loved show 'I won't lie to you. Until we start shooting, I'm about as anxious and wound up as I've been in a long time.' 24 ran for eight seasons before it ended in 2010, and Kiefer admitted that he suffered from 'terrifying' nerves in between each series. He said: 'I'm very nervous. Without patting ourselves on the back too hard, we made eight very strong years. We always would look back every season and wish something had been better, but I was very proud. 'So to make 12 more episodes and not make them the best 12 we've ever made, I'm terrified.' Reunited: The 47-year-old and co-star Mary Lynn Rajskub appeared in Fox's drama from 2001 to 2010 Still on the line: The hunky star as Jack Bauer in the last season of 24 on Fox in 2010 Shooting is set to start on the hour-long episodes in the UK in London in a couple of weeks with a special two-hour helping due to launch the drama on Fox on May 5. It will air on Sky1 in the UK. At least the city of London is familiar to Kiefer, who was born there. 'I've spent big chunks of my life there, but I'm anxious,' Kiefer said. 'We plan to be shooting outside. I'm sure we'll be hated by a large portion of London for snarling up their traffic, and for that I apologize in advance.' The action starts four years after the drama’s final season and will play out, as usual, in real time. However, unlike previous seasons, there will only be 12 episodes, instead of 24. After the end of the last series, Kiefer's Jack Bauer remains a fugitive and CIA agent Kate Morgan, played by Chuck star Yvonne Strahovski, is after him. Back for more: Fan favourites Mary Lynn Rajskub, who plays Chloe O'Brian in the show, and Kim Raver, who stars as Audrey Raines, will also be returning for the new series 'In the minds of the CIA, he’s not quite Osama bin Laden but he’s a fugitive of a high order,'  executive producer Evan Katz said. 'We will learn he has a mission. Whether it’s good or dark we don’t know, but the CIA is determined to catch him.' Fan favourites Mary Lynn Rajskub (Chloe O'Brian), Kim Raver (Audrey Raines) and William Devane (James Heller) will be returning for the new series, while newcomers including Giles Matthey, Gbenga Akinnagbe, Michael Wincott and Judy Davis will be joining the cast. Mary Lynn added of the returning series: 'I have a lot of people who refuse to call me anyone but Chloe. I never thought 24 would come back and in this format.' And fans of the show can rest assured that the new series won't derail the plans for a 24 movie, as Kiefer admitted it was only the fact that showrunner Howard Gordon came up with the concept for the new mini-series first that caused the film to be delayed. He said: 'If this ends up rebooting the show or causing a film to be made, so be it. The film is sort of an ongoing situation.' Big screen ambitions: The new TV reboot won't kill the idea of a film, Kiefer told the TCA 'It was his idea': Longtime showrunner and executive producer Howard Gordon came up with the idea for the reboot, titled 24: Live Another Day, according to Kiefer Read more:


Which English cricketer scored a then world record 364 runs against Australia at the Oval in 1938?

The highest score in Test cricket | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo The progression of the record April 12, 2004 The highest score in Test cricket The highest individual score in Test cricket - batting's blue-riband record - has only changed hands ten times since the first Test of all, 127 years ago in 1876-77. Here's how the bar has been raised: Charles Bannerman: first holder 165* - Charles Bannerman Australia v England, Melbourne, 1876-77 Neatly, the man who scored the first run in Test cricket extended his innings to 165 before being forced to retire hurt with a hand injury. Charles Bannerman, 25, dominated Australia's innings in this inaugural Test, scoring 67.3% of his side's total - still a Test record for a completed innings. 211 - Billy Murdoch Australia v England, The Oval, 1884 Bannerman's record lasted seven and a half years, until Billy Murdoch hit Test cricket's first double-century, in a huge Australian total of 551. But England hung on for a draw in what was only a three-day match. Murdoch, who later played a Test for England too, was 29, and Australia's captain, at the time. 287 - Tip Foster England v Australia, Sydney, 1903-04 Reginald Erskine "Tip" Foster, the only man to captain England at cricket and football, marked his Test debut with an amazing innings. It remains the highest score by a player in his first Test, and is still England's highest in Australia. Foster, 25, put on 130 for the tenth wicket with Wilfred Rhodes (40*) as England posted a matchwinning total of 577. 325 - Andy Sandham England v West Indies, Kingston, 1929-30 Playing in what turned out to be his last Test, three months short of his 40th birthday, Surrey's Andy Sandham scored 325 as England ran up 849 in a supposedly timeless Test - ironically, though, the match was left drawn when the England team had to catch the boat home. Despite a first-innings lead of 563, the England captain, Freddie Gough-Calthorpe, didn't enforce the follow-on: his eventual declaration left West Indies just 836 to win. They made 408 for 5 ... 334 - Don Bradman Australia v England, Headingley, 1930 Three months later the record changed hands again, and to no-one's great surprise it was Australia's "Boy Wonder" who broke it. Don Bradman was only 21, and in the middle of a record-breaking tour of England in which he made those who had doubted his ability to score runs on English pitches eat their words. He scored 974 runs in the Tests - still a record - 309 of them on the first day at Headingley. 336* - Wally Hammond England v New Zealand, Auckland, 1932-33 Hammond, second only to Bradman as a batsman at the time, eclipsed The Don's record with a murderous innings against a weak New Zealand side in 1932-33. Hammond, 29, smashed ten sixes and 34 fours, and his 300 came up in 288 minutes, still Test cricket's fastest in terms of time. Since Hammond had made 227 in the first of the two Tests that followed the acrimonious Bodyline tour of Australia, he finished with a series average of 563. 364 - Len Hutton England v Australia, The Oval, 1938 Hutton, 22, took advantage of a benign pitch and a toothless Australian attack to beat the record in what had become, with the series undecided, a timeless Test. Hutton hit 35 fours in what was England's 100th century against Australia, and their eventual 903 for 7 remains the highest in Ashes Tests. Hammond, by then England's captain, apparently didn't declare until he was assured that Bradman, who had injured his leg while having a rare bowl, wouldn't be able to bat. 365* - Garry Sobers West Indies v Pakistan, Kingston, 1957-58 Sobers had played some promising cameos before he extended his maiden Test century past 300 to come of age as international cricketer (well, he was 21 at the time). He hit 38 fours, and piled on 446 for the second wicket with Conrad Hunte (260) as West Indies took advantage of a depleted Pakistan attack - one opening bowler pulled a thigh muscle in his first over, and another fractured his thumb - to set a record that lasted for 36 years. 375 - Brian Lara West Indies v England, St John's, 1993-94 Sobe


Prior to the break-up of the Soviet Union, which was the world's largest landlocked country in terms of area?

Politics at Lopez Middle School - StudyBlue StudyBlue Potential instability and boundary disputes between countries Countries have transferred what to regional and worldwide collections of states Military, economic, and political authority Advertisement ) Three eras of rapid growth in UN membership UN membership grew rapidly in 1955 when many European states joined, in 1960 when many African states joined, and in the 1990s when states formally part of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia joined Why is it difficult to determine whether some territories are states Several places are not universally recognized as sovereign states. Polar regions have not been organized into states, although neighboring states have competed claims on them Concept of nation state and how it differs from earlier ways to govern Dividing the world into a collection of states is a modern concept. Historically, most of earths surface was organized in other ways such as empires or else unorganized Concept of diving world into a collection of independent states dates from 18th century Europe Concept of territoriality can be traced to Ancient middle east The first states in Mesopotamia were known as City-states A sovereign State that consists of the town or city and the surrounding countryside After the collapse of the Roman empire in the 15th century A.D. Europe was Divided into a large number of feudal Estates What is the basis for him for the development of the modern states that include England France and Spain Kingdoms of powerful kings that gained control in Western Europe What scales can political geography be studied at Local, national, and international politics What is a state The fundamental unit of political geography How is a state organized And area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has sovereignty over its internal and Extertal affairs Where is the definition of state tested Korea, China, Taiwan, western sahara( Sahrawi republic) and the polar regions Advertisement North and South Korea Were admitted to the United Nations as separate countries but they both have some commitment to reunification China has claimed Taiwan since The establishment of that country when nationalists fled there from China in the late 1940s Morocco still claims Western Sahara although Most African countries recognize it as a sovereign state The polar regions are the only large landmasses on earths surface that Are not part of a state Antarctica is managed by The Antarctic treaty (1959) which allow states to establish research stations on the country The United Nations convention on the law of the sea (1982) has allowed states to Submit claims within the Arctic Circle A nation is A group of people with a strong sense of cultural unity, and common ethnic and political identity Most of earths surface is Allocated to states and only a few colonies in areas of unorganized territory remain What is the difference between a nationstate and a multinational state A multinational state contains multiple ethnicities rather than a single ethnicity Describe differences among states formally in the Soviet union The Soviet union was once the worlds largest multinational state The country's largest ethnicities were organized into 15 republics that are now Independent states Describe patterns of distribution of ethnicities in Russia and the caucuses Russia is now of the worlds largest multinational state with numerous ethnic groups especially in areas that border other states.The caucuses Mountain region contains a complex array of ethnicities divided among several small states Explain the concept of colonies and describe the current distribution A colony is a territory legally tied to a state.into the 20th century much of the world consisted of colonies but few remain What is a nation-state Where political boundaries coincide with the territory occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality Russia encompasses what percentage of the worlds land? 11% What are examples of large states China, Canada, US, Brazil


In 1990, which New Zealand bowler became the first cricketer to take 400 wickets in Test Cricket?

Ranking the Pace Bowlers Who Have Taken 400 Test Wickets on Talent | Bleacher Report Ranking the Pace Bowlers Who Have Taken 400 Test Wickets on Talent By Tim Collins , Featured Columnist Feb 4, 2015 Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Getty Images/Getty Images 3 Comments Twenty-five years ago Wednesday, New Zealand's Sir Richard Hadlee became the first player in history to claim 400 Test wickets when he dismissed India's Sanjay Manjrekar in Christchurch on February 4, 1990. It was a landmark achievement for Hadlee, one that represented new benchmarks in excellence and longevity that helped to set the path for many of the world's finest pace bowlers who followed.  Indeed, since the New Zealander's capture of 400 Test wickets, six other fast men have replicated the feat, with two going on to surpass 500 in an era of ever-increasing professionalism.  So how do the seven fast bowlers who have claimed 400 Test scalps compare? Who was the finest? Who was the most daunting to face? Who had the greatest natural flair? Across the following slides, we've ranked the seven great seamers on talent, their natural flair for the craft.  Average: 29.64 Strike Rate: 63.9 Kapil Dev was India's answer to England's Sir Ian Botham. Or to New Zealand's Sir Richard Hadlee. Or to Pakistan's Imran Khan.  Indeed, Dev was one of the four truly outstanding all-rounders who defined Test cricket in the 1980s.  A workhorse who dealt in the commodities of accuracy and swing, the Indian star bowled tirelessly on docile pitches and led an under-strength India team with little assistance for more than a decade.  With an average nearing 30, the right-armer wasn't as incisive as the other men on this list, but his unrelenting excellence in a difficult era for his nation (India won just 11 of their 81 Tests in the '80s) saw the all-rounder voted as India's "Cricketer of the [20th] Century" in 2002. Average: 24.44 Strike Rate: 57.8 Other West Indian fast bowlers have been quicker. More lethal. More talented. More feared around the world.  But none have more Test wickets than Courtney Walsh. And of all pace bowlers in history, only Australia's Glenn McGrath has more career victims.  When he reached 500 scalps in March 2001, the towering West Indian was the first man to do so—a stunning achievement for a bowler always more renowned for his durability and consistency rather than his natural talent.  Indeed, ESPN Cricinfo 's Daniel Brigham named Walsh to his all-time over-achievers XI—a group of outstanding players who "made it to the top against odds of ability or fate." Average: 23.11 Strike Rate: 57.8 As neatly put by Peter Robinson of ESPN Cricinfo: "Considering the type of stuff floating around in his gene pool, it would have been surprising if Shaun Pollock had not been an international cricketer—and a very good one at that." Both his dad and his uncle represented South Africa, and Shaun continued the fine family lineage with an outstanding career as a bowling all-rounder from 1995 to 2008.  Early in his career, Pollock was one of that rare breed capable of moving the ball both in and out at genuine speed, and had a surprising knack for generating good bounce despite not being anywhere near as tall as towering stars such as Courtney Walsh, Glenn McGrath and Curtly Ambrose.  But the second half of Pollock's career saw his pace drop considerably, forcing him to rely on a more subdued combination of accuracy and subtle movement—enough to propel him beyond 400 Test wickets.  Average: 21.64 Strike Rate: 51.9 The most prolific pace bowler of all time and maybe the most accurate speedster in history.  That's Glenn McGrath in a nutshell.  Though never blessed with the same raw speed as many of his contemporaries, the Australian had an unbelievable—possibly unprecedented—talent for hitting almost the same spot on the pitch ball after ball after ball. Combined with the uncomfortable bounce brought about by his height, the New South Welshman had a recipe for undoing the world's finest—something he did extremely regularly, dismissing Brian Lara 15 times


The explorer Mungo Park died whilst exploring which African river?

Biography of the Scots Explorer Mungo Park By Alistair Boddy-Evans Updated August 08, 2016. Mungo Park, a Scottish surgeon and explorer, was sent out by the 'Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior of Africa' to discover the course of the River Niger. Having achieved a degree of fame from his first trip, carried out alone and on foot, he returned to Africa with a party of 40 Europeans, all of whom lost their lives in the adventure. Born: 1771, Foulshiels, Selkirk, Scotland Died: 1806, Bussa Rapids, (now under the Kainji Reservior, Nigeria ) An Early Life: Mungo Park was born in 1771, near Selkirk in Scotland, the seventh child of a well-to-do farmer. He was apprenticed to a local surgeon and undertook medical studies in Edinburgh. With a medical diploma and a desire for fame and fortune, Park set off for London, and through his brother-in-law, William Dickson, a Covent Garden seedsman, he got his opportunity. An introduction to Sir Joseph Banks, a famed English botanist and explorer who had circumnavigated the world with Captain James Cook . continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge The Allure of Africa: The Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa, of which Banks was treasurer and unofficial director, had previously funded (for a pittance) the exploration of an Irish soldier, Major Daniel Houghton, based at Goree on the west African coast. Two important questions dominated discussions about the interior of west Africa in the drawing room of the African Association: the exact site of the semi-mythical city of Timbuktu , and the course of the River Niger. Exploring the River Niger: In 1795 the Association appointed Mungo Park to explore the course of the River Niger -- until Houghton had reported that the Niger flowed from West to East, it was believed that the Niger was a tributary of either the river Senegal or Gambia. The Association wanted proof of the river's course and to know where it finally emerged. Three current theories were: that it emptied into Lake Chad, that it curved round in a large arc to join the Zaire, or that it reached the coast at the Oil Rivers. Mungo Park set off from the River Gambia, with the aid of the Association's West African 'contact', Dr Laidley who provided equipment, a guide, and acted as a postal service. Park started his journey dressed in European clothes, with an umbrella and a tall hat (where he kept his notes safe throughout the journey). He was accompanied by an ex-slave called Johnson who had returned from the West Indies, and a slave called Demba, who had been promised his freedom on completion of the journey. Captivity: Park knew little Arabic – he had with him two books, 'Richardson's Arabic Grammar' and a copy of Houghton's journal. Houghton's journal, which he had read on the voyage to Africa served him well, and he was forewarned to hide his most valuable gear from the local tribesmen. At his first stop with the Bondou, Park was forced to give up his umbrella and his best blue coat. Shortly after, in his first encounter with the local Muslims, Park was taken prisoner. Escape: Demba was taken away and sold, Johnson was considered to old to be of value. After four months, and with Johnson's aid, Park finally managed to escape. He had a few belongings other than his hat and compass but refused to give up the expedition, even when Johnson refused to travel further. Relying on the kindness of African villagers, Park continued on his way to the Niger, reaching the river on 20 July 1796. Park traveled as far as Segu (Ségou) before returning to the coast. and then to England. Success Back in Britain: Park was an instant success, and the first edition of his book Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa sold out rapidly. His £1000 royalties allowed him to settle in Selkirk and set up medical practice (marrying Alice Anderson, the daughter of the surgeon to whom he had been apprenticed). But settled life soon bored him and he looked for new adventure – but only under the right conditions. Banks was offended


'Dookie' and '21st. Century Breakdown' are albums by which American rock band?

Green Day: Rock Band - Dookie [Expert Guitar] (20th Anniversary) - YouTube Green Day: Rock Band - Dookie [Expert Guitar] (20th Anniversary) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Feb 1, 2014 Today I played the album "Dookie" on Green Day: Rock Band to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the album. Enjoy! (21st Century Breakdown 5th Anniversary video coming May 15th & American Idiot 10th Anniversary video coming September 20th) Game


In which country was former England footballer Terry Butcher born?

Terry Butcher: ‘There was a bit more to my game than a bloody shirt’ | Football | The Guardian Newport County Terry Butcher: ‘There was a bit more to my game than a bloody shirt’ The former England captain, now the Newport manager, loves the challenge of turning underdogs into a strong gang of men Terry Butcher had to make difficult decisions as soon as he became manager at Newport County. Photograph: Adrian Sherratt for the Guardian Friday 4 September 2015 13.50 EDT Last modified on Friday 12 August 2016 08.45 EDT Share on Messenger Close I arrive ludicrously early for my appointment with Terry Butcher , so I spend a while in the players’ lounge at Newport County’s training ground. Once the blood-soaked, lion-hearted stalwart of England’s backline, Butcher wipes my table clean, offers to make me a hot drink and then helps the cook put away some plates. Around him players, filling time between the day’s two training sessions, play darts and table tennis or sit around and chat. Russell Osman, Butcher’s former team-mate with Ipswich Town and England and now his assistant, sidles over. “Don’t worry, they’re better at football than they are at darts,” he says, as the well-peppered wall around the dartboard gains another hole. “Trouble is, some of them are better at table tennis than they are at football.” With one point from their first five league games – plus instant elimination from the Capital One Cup and Johnstone’s Paint Trophy – Newport’s start to the season has been considerably more pong than ping. But there is mitigation: if the bookmakers are any guide they have played three of the six best sides in the division, two of them away; only once have they been beaten by more than one goal; in the cups they tested a strong Wolverhampton Wanderers side at Molineux before falling 2-1, and started their decisive shoot-out against Swindon on Tuesday night with six unstoppable penalties only to lose on the seventh. Some early-season stumbling was anyway to be expected following a chaotic summer when the chairman, lottery millionaire Les Scadding , left the club, the squad was reshaped – Butcher’s first official day’s work in May involved releasing 13 players – and the club’s board collectively stepped down, handing control to the supporters’ trust. “It’s been a whirlwind, it’s been everything I thought it would be and more,” Butcher says. “I expected a lot of change. I knew a lot of players had to go, because the budget has been cut by half a million and the wage ceiling has come right down. Now Les has gone it’s a much different scenario. We had to make some hard decisions, particularly early on. There’s a lot more hard decisions to come I feel.” Butcher is one of three former England players who will spend this international weekend in a League Two dug-out, with Keith Curle now at Carlisle and Teddy Sheringham taking the first steps of his managerial career at Stevenage, against whom Newport won their only point . “Teddy was part of the Premier League and with all the money that goes with that, you don’t expect someone of his earning potential to be managing a League Two side, that’s for sure,” says Butcher. “It shows that he’s prepared to work and to roll his sleeves up and get stuck in, so you have to admire him for that. The old route for a manager, many years ago, was to manage a lower league team and then progress through the ranks and the divisions and end up at the top. I seem to have gone the reverse of that: started at the top and ended up down in League Two.” Butcher’s 25-year managerial career is certainly atypical. It started at top-flight Coventry, where he was signed as player-manager in 1990 at the age of 31 – “There were players who were older than me and I think half of them had been offered the job before I’d got there” – and has meandered chaotically ever since, most of it spent in Scotland and including spells in charge of Raith Rovers’ reserves, Dundee United’s youth team, and – during a spell out of the game in the mid-90s – the Old Manor Hotel in Bridge of Allan. Situated just off the Fife Coastal Pa


Which of the Romantic Poets wrote 'The Revolt Of Islam'?

The Romantics - The British Library Theme:  Romanticism Dr Stephanie Forward explains the key ideas and influences of Romanticism, and considers their place in the work of writers including Wordsworth, Blake, P B Shelley and Keats. Today the word ‘romantic’ evokes images of love and sentimentality, but the term ‘Romanticism’ has a much wider meaning. It covers a range of developments in art, literature, music and philosophy, spanning the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The ‘Romantics’ would not have used the term themselves: the label was applied retrospectively, from around the middle of the 19th century. In 1762 Jean-Jacques Rousseau declared in The Social Contract: ‘Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.’ During the Romantic period major transitions took place in society, as dissatisfied intellectuals and artists challenged the Establishment. In England, the Romantic poets were at the very heart of this movement. They were inspired by a desire for liberty, and they denounced the exploitation of the poor. There was an emphasis on the importance of the individual; a conviction that people should follow ideals rather than imposed conventions and rules. The Romantics renounced the rationalism and order associated with the preceding Enlightenment era, stressing the importance of expressing authentic personal feelings. They had a real sense of responsibility to their fellow men: they felt it was their duty to use their poetry to inform and inspire others, and to change society. Revolution When reference is made to Romantic verse, the poets who generally spring to mind are William Blake (1757-1827), William Wordsworth (1770-1850), Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834), George Gordon, 6th Lord Byron (1788-1824), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) and John Keats (1795-1821). These writers had an intuitive feeling that they were ‘chosen’ to guide others through the tempestuous period of change. This was a time of physical confrontation; of violent rebellion in parts of Europe and the New World. Conscious of anarchy across the English Channel, the British government feared similar outbreaks. The early Romantic poets tended to be supporters of the French Revolution, hoping that it would bring about political change; however, the bloody Reign of Terror shocked them profoundly and affected their views. In his youth William Wordsworth was drawn to the Republican cause in France, until he gradually became disenchanted with the Revolutionaries. Painting of the storming of the Bastille, 1789 Depiction of the storming of the Bastille, Paris - the event that triggered the French Revolution. Copyright: © De Agostini Picture Library The imagination The Romantics were not in agreement about everything they said and did: far from it! Nevertheless, certain key ideas dominated their writings. They genuinely thought that they were prophetic figures who could interpret reality. The Romantics highlighted the healing power of the imagination, because they truly believed that it could enable people to transcend their troubles and their circumstances. Their creative talents could illuminate and transform the world into a coherent vision, to regenerate mankind spiritually. In A Defence of Poetry (1821), Shelley elevated the status of poets: ‘They measure the circumference and sound the depths of human nature with a comprehensive and all-penetrating spirit…’. [1] He declared that ‘Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world’. This might sound somewhat pretentious, but it serves to convey the faith the Romantics had in their poetry. Manuscript of P B Shelley's 'The Masque of Anarchy' P B Shelley’s manuscript of ‘The Masque of Anarchy’, 1819, was a reaction of furious outrage at the Peterloo Massacre. An avowedly political poem, it praises the non-violence of the Manchester protesters when faced with the aggression of the state. Free from known copyright restrictions The marginalised and oppressed Wordsworth was concerned about the elitism of earlier poets, whose highbrow language and subject matter were neither readily accessible


"If you ordered ""cuisses de grenouilles"" in an upmarket restaurant, what would you be getting?"

Food looks great on the menu! - Le Sainsev', Paris Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor Reviewed 23 June 2015 via mobile Spent about 60€ alone on a dinner that looked great on the menu; I wanted sampling some french delicacies before heading back home, so I ordered an entree with huitres (oysters) and cuisses de grenouilles (frog legs) with a typical french white wine and as main course "magret de canard", with bordeau red wine.. The whole thing was very disappointing. The oysters didn't look fresh -despite the promise made by the Bangladeshi server-, the frog legs were tasteless, as well as the duck... Probably all prepared by another Bangladeshi "chef"?? Btw, I love Bangladesh, and have absolutely nothing against its nice people; my only problem is probably with tourism industry in globalization time, when you come to Paris and St Michel with great expectations of french cuisine, but actually would do better with some rice & curry or a kebab, which is a lot cheaper!.. Visited June 2015


Which legislation, passed in 1701, banned Roman Catholics from the British throne?

Act of Settlement 1701 Act of Settlement 1701 The Act of Settlement is a piece of English legislation governing the succession to the English Crown. It was passed in 1701. It provides that only Protestant descendants of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, who have not, furthermore, married a Catholic, can succeed to the English Crown. In addition, it specifies that it is for Parliament to determine who should succeed to the throne, not the monarch. This act was, in many ways, the major cause of the union of Scotland and England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Parliament of Scotland was not happy with the Act of Settlement and, in response, passed the Act of Security in 1704, which gave them the right to choose their own successor to Queen Anne. This would have created a fully independent Scotland rather than the partially independent nation which had resulted from the Union of the Crowns a hundred years before. As a result, the Parliament of England decided that full union of the two Parliaments and nations was essential before Anne's death, and used a combination of discriminatory legislation, the Alien Act of 1705, politics, and bribery to achieve it within three years. This was in marked contrast to the four attempts at political union between 1606 and 1689, which all failed owing to a lack of political will. By virtue of Article II of the Treaty of Union, which defined the succession to the British Crown, the Act of Settlement became, in effect, part of Scots Law. As a result of the Act of Settlement, several members of the British Royal Family who have converted to Roman Catholicism or married Catholics have been barred from their place in the line of succession. This law has in recent times been frequently been attacked as anti-Catholic and religiously discriminatory. The Guardian newspaper recently brought an unsuccessful legal challenge to the legislation, based on the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act 1998. In 2003 the Fabian Society issued a paper calling for the lifting of the ban on Catholics inheriting the throne. In 2002, the Lord Chancellor rejected calls from the backbench for a change in the succession rules. A motion already passed the Scottish Parliament in 1999 requesting a change. Any repeal of the law could lead to an anomaly with the status of the Church of England as the established church in England, since a Roman Catholic monarch would be Supreme Governor of the Church of England, something which had not happened since King James II of England. However, in principle, a similarly absurd result obtains already. The law fails to recognise that the monarch's actions are highly circumscribed and in most matters she acts on the advice of her government. The Queen's position as "Supreme Governor" of the Church of England is little more than a title. The Supreme Governor only makes decisions about the appointment of the Archbishop of Canterbury or other senior bishops of the Church of England on the advice of the Prime Minister, whose own religion (if any) may be and at times has been in conflict with the Church of England. This situation is rendered possible because, on the one hand, religious tests are not applied to public offices such as the Prime Minister (and under contemporary anti-discrimination laws it would be illegal to do so), while on the other hand, such a religious test not only is but by law must be applied to the monarch. There is a further problem, with the Act being worded so as to exclude explicitly Roman Catholics only. The intention of these provisions may have been to protect the Anglican Church from its only significant rival, but because that ban has never in the subsequent 300 years been extended to all religions other than the Church of England, this invites the perception that the Catholic Church is being singled out. The Church of England is the established church in England, and the monarch is required to be in communion with the established church. This ipso facto excludes the monarch from membership of non-Christian religions or from other C


The Cotswold Way runs from Chipping Camden to which city?

Cotswold Way - Footpaths of The World Lodging:  Upscale English B&Bs Best Season: Spring. Baby lambs, green grass and not so many tourists Highlights: The towns of Chipping Camden and Broadway at the beginning and of course, beautiful Bath. Cotswold Way The Cotswold Way, one of England’s many long-distance footpaths, runs 97 miles from Chipping Campden to the beautiful city of Bath.  The route is rich in history, gentle countryside and charming villages made from the creamy Cotswold stone.  These “picture postcard” villages are what give the Cotswold its identity. The route traces a limestone escarpment that faces west and is seldom far from civilization and is generally easy to follow. For history lovers the attractions are many.  In remote settings are barrows where Neolithic tribes buried their leaders as well as Norman churches and religious institutions such as Hailes Abbey. After the Normans, England became known worldwide for its excellent wool and nowhere was that wealth more apparent than in the Cotswolds.  Many rich wool merchants built lovely homes in such towns as Chipping Campden and Painswick.  It may not be the center of the world’s wool market today, but sheep are still important and part of the landscape. Apart from picturesque villages, the Cotswold Way takes the walker through green countryside, through deep forest and along the limestone path to its destination in the glorious city of Bath.  What a fitting finale it is.  You find yourself out in the country, then over a rise and there it is.  To finish in Bath is to finish in style.  Don’t be in a hurry to leave as Bath provides much in history, architecture and culture.  In essence, it’s a great place to celebrate your accomplishment. Book your lodging well ahead since this is a popular area for walkers and sight-seers alike especially in the summer. HOW IT STACKS UP If you love green grass, lots of woods, charming “Miss Marple” villages, gentle countryside and easy to moderate trails, this is what you’ll find in the Cotswold.  I did find it a bit too near civilization in the middle, but don’t let that deter you.  This is a fairly easy route to follow and is easy on the eyes.  The Cotswold is popular with tourists and walkers alike and there is ample lodging.  It is more expensive than other parts of England and definitely more upscale although our most memorable night was in a large estate house that seemed to be keeping itself afloat by offering lodging to walkers.  The place was huge.  With all it’s past grandeur, it was cluttered, not exactly clean and lacked a lot of amenities such as working lightbulbs.  Still, it was fun.  I wouldn’t have wanted to stay there a week, but one night was an adventure. Resource:


Who was the first player to score seven hundred centuries in Snooker?

World Records - snooker.org Awards | Odd Stuff | World Records | Managers Snooker World Records Here are the (unofficial) snooker world records that I have collected. If you notice any errors or know of any other records, please let me know. World Championships Most Titles The World Professional Championship (instituted 1927) was won a record 15 times by Joe Davis, on the first 15 occasions it was contested 1927-40 and 1946. The most wins in the Amateur Championships (instituted 1963) have been two by; Gary Owen in 1963 and 1966; Ray Edmonds 1972 and 1974; and Paul Mifsud (Malta) 1985-86. Allison Fisher (b. 24 Feb 1968) has won seven Women's World Championships, 1985-86, 1988-89, 1991, 1993-94. Maureen Baynton (née Barrett) won a record eight Women's Amateur Championships between 1954 and 1968, as well as seven at billiards. Youngest The youngest man to win a world title is Michael White (Wales) (b. 5 Aug 1991) who was 14 yr 210 days when he won the World Amateur Snooker Championships in Prestatyn, Wales on 3 Mar 2006. Stephen Hendry (Scotland) (b. 13 Jan 1969) became the youngest World Professional Champion, at 21 yr 106 days on 29 Apr 1990. Stacey Hillyard (b. 5 Sep 1969) won the Women's World Amateur Championship in October 1984 at the age of 15. Highest Breaks Maximum Breaks The first to achieve the maximum break of 147 was E.J. Murt O'Donoghue (New Zealand) (1901-94) at Griffiths, New South Wales, Australia on 26 Sep 1934. The first officially ratified 147 was by Joe Davis against Willie Smith at Leicester Square Hall, London on 22 Jan 1955. The first achieved in a major tournament were by John Spencer (b. 18 Sep 1935) at Slough, Berks on 13 Jan 1979, but the table had oversized pockets, and by Steve Davis (b. 22 Aug 1957) who had a ratified break of 147 against John Spencer in the Lada Classic at Oldham, Greater Manchester on 11 Jan 1982. This was also the first televised maximum. The youngest to score a competitive maximum was Judd Trump (b. Aug 1989) at 14 yr 206 days days in an under-16 series match against Chris Piech at the Potters Club in Coalville on 13 Mar 2004. Ronnie O'Sullivan (b. 5 Dec 1975) made a maximum at 15 yr 98 days during the English Amateur Championship (Southern Area) at Aldershot, Hants on 13 Mar 1991. Cliff Thorburn (Canada) (b. 16 Jan 1948) was first to make two tournament 147 breaks on 23 Apr 1983 (the first in the World Professional Championships) and 8 Mar 1989. Peter Ebdon (b. 27 Aug 1979) and James Wattana (Thailand) (b. 17 Jan 1970) have also achieved this feat. Ronnie O'Sullivan have the most maximums in the professional game with 13 ahead of Stephen Hendry who has 11. O'Sullivan's latest came at the 2014 Coral UK Championship , in the last frame of the last-16 match against Matthew Selt (England). Stephen Hendry became the first to make more than two tournament 147s. Hendry's first was made in the European League and his second in the 1995 World Championship . The record-breaking third came on 25 Nov 1995 in the UK Championship . Not content with this he made his fourth maximum on 5 Jan 1997 in the 1997 Liverpool Victoria Charity Challenge and his fifth on 23 May 1998 in the 1998 Dr Martens Premier League , his sixth on 19 Sep 1999 in the final of the 1999 British Open (the first maximum in a ranking final), his seventh on (21-23) November in 1999 in the 1999 Liverpool Victoria UK Championship , his eighth on 25 Feb 2001 in the final of the 2001 Rothmans Grand Prix, his ninth on 28 Apr 2009 in the quarterfinals of the 2009 Betfred.com World Championship , his 10th in the second round of the 2011 Wyldecrest Park Homes Welsh Open and his 11th in the first round of the 2012 Betfred.com World Championship ! Leo Levitt was the first amateur to achieve the maximum break, in november 1948 at the Windsor Bowling alley in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Geet Sethi (India) was the first one to manage one in competition, in the Indian Amateur Championships on 21 Feb 1988. In the World Junior Championship in Iceland (June 1989) Gary Hill made a maximum break at the age of 20 years 8 months and became


From which Disney animated picture does the song 'Go The Distance' come?

Ranking The 20 Best Disney Songs Of All Time Sign In Ranking The 20 Best Disney Songs Of All Time EMAIL Disney “Frozen” may have been released months ago, but the Disney animated musical is hitting an awful lot of milestones just recently. Just this week, “Frozen” became the sixth highest-grossing internationally-released film of all time; it became the No. 1 worldwide animated feature. It crossed the $1 billion mark at record speed earlier this month. Tomorrow, its soundtrack is slated to become the first set from an animated feature to have spent 11 weeks at No. 1 on The Billboard 200 album sales chart (beating the previous record holder, Disney's own “The Lion King,” which roared for 10). And the soundtrack has sold in excess of two million copies, in a recorded music era when so few albums even go gold. Certainly, such strongholds are a testament to Disney's enduring filmmaking, but also for it's music. “Let It Go” scored an Oscar, and no doubt will be up for a Grammy. But is it one of Disney's greatest songs of all time? HitFix staffers put our heads together and ranked our Top 20 Disney Songs Of All Time, and just maybe “Let It Go” made the cut. Check out the gallery below — what tops your list? Rank your own personal Top 10 in our poll further down. Share This By: Jordan 04.23.2014 @ 2:06 AM Surprised “Beauty and the Beast” didn’t get any love. (I mean seriously guys, “Let It Go” already?) The lyrics to it are so perfect. By: Shang 11.24.2014 @ 12:35 PM Let it Go is surprisingly really good considering Disney post year 2000. The creepy Mulan song “I’ll Make a Man Out of You” and the Gaston song are also really good. By: Jo 03.28.2015 @ 7:04 PM Absolutely right. Logged on to see if anyone else thought the same as me and what do you know, the first comment I read! Also, kiss the girl, can you feel the love, hakunah Matata? Think this list may have been made up of someone’s personal favourites?? So many songs missed, he’s a tramp? My reflection? By: Lars Seriously no “Colors of the Wind”??? By: Lexi There it is the 9th one. By: Sushi It deserved better, I agree with you guys. :’) By: Brubarian 04.23.2014 @ 2:39 AM “Circle of Life” would be my number 1, though once I saw “Wish Upon a Star,” I completely understood that being Disney in a nutshell. By: salticid 04.23.2014 @ 2:47 AM Oh man the Los Lobos cover of “I wanna be like you” is *sweet*! Good to see both that and “Bare Necessities” rank highly — but yeah, leaving off “Pink Elephants…” is a *crime*! Those are my top three, respectively. And yes!! Peeking under rocks is full of actual pleasures – so many little critters to find! ;) By: peter Who is the person obsessed with Jungle Book? Laaaaaaame list. By: anonymous 04.23.2014 @ 3:02 AM I’m a bit disappointed by the general lack of A: Awesome Disney Villain songs (ie, Poor Unfortunate Souls, Mother Knows Best, Hellfire, Savages, Friends on the Other Side) B: The glaring omission of lots of fantastic Disney Renaissance movies with fantastic music (Pocahontas, Hunchback of Notre Dame, Hercules, Mulan…even Beauty and the Beast got pretty much shafted besides “Be our Guest”) By: Lars 04.23.2014 @ 3:05 AM Yes! “Reflection”, “God Help the Outcast”, “I can Go the Distance” are all great songs with rich instrumentation, lyrics, and melody! By: Dezbot 04.23.2014 @ 3:24 PM I would have put “Gaston” on my list if it was available for voting and maybe even “Les Poissons” – those songs are so funny :-) By: Kate 07.18.2014 @ 6:27 AM My first would have almost certainly have been Hellfire if it had been a choice. That song has always had a way of getting into my head, though God Help the Outcasts would have been a really close second. I’m not even the biggest fan of Notre Dame, but it’s got one of the greatest villains and some of the absolute greatest songs. By: Rev. Slappy 04.23.2014 @ 2:11 PM One of the amazing things about being at Disneyland is hearing all this music all day long. Disney’s legacy in song is very, very rich. I totally agree with #1 here, Baby Mine should be #2. By: Seasider 04.23.2014 @ 6:09 PM What’s wit


Of which Pacific country is Papeete the capital?

Tahiti Map / Geography of Tahiti/ Map of Tahiti - Worldatlas.com - WorldAtlas.com Print this map Tahiti and Moorea, part of the Society Islands of French Polynesia , were first explored by Captains Cook and Bligh, but they were made truly famous by the paintings of the artist, Paul Gauguin, and by the words of author, James A. Michener.  The island was divided into various clans prior to the arrival of Europeans , with each clan being run by a chief (ari'i rahi), nobles (ari'i) and under-chiefs ('lato'ai).  Admiral Du Petit-Thouars arrived from France in the mid-19th century, and won over the Tahitian chiefs who were growing tired of the self-imposed Pomare monarchy. Du Petit-Thouars proposed a treaty, and within its framework Tahiti became recognized as a sovereign state of France , with the Queen (Pomare) being responsible for internal affairs. In 1946, the whole of French Polynesia , including Tahiti, became an overseas territory, and citizens of the island were given French citizenship, this was changed to an overseas country in 2004. Over 60% of all residents of French Polynesia live on the island, in and around the capital city of Papeete. Moorea, with a very similar landscape, is commonly reached by ferry from Tahiti. The author, James A. Michener described Moorea by saying, "It's a monument to the prodical beauty of nature." For additional info about the islands of French Polynesia, and their most interesting history, go here . Fast Facts Name: Tahiti and Moorea A part of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France originally claimed in 1843 Capital City: Papeete (26,017 pop.) Population: 178,133 (2007 census) Ethnicity: Polynesian, European, Chinese, mixed Language: French (official), Tahitian Largest Cities: (by population) Papeete, Faaa, Pirae, Papenoa, Mahina, Taravao National Day: July 14


In which Charles dickens novel does the character 'Esther Summerson' appear?

Esther Summerson: My favourite Charles Dickens character - Telegraph Charles Dickens Esther Summerson: My favourite Charles Dickens character Esther Summerson - from Bleak House - is one of Charles Dickens's best  female characters and is the eleventh in the Telegraph pick of the best  Charles Dickens characters.   Robert Ball's illustration of Bleak House with its heroine Esther Summerson.    Bleak House by Charles Dickens.    Charles Dickens 'excelled in the creation of characters,' said poet TS Eliot  By Rachel Ward , Writer, Telegraph TV & Radio 11:33AM GMT 11 Feb 2012 My Favourite Charles Dickens character: Esther Summerson from Bleak House (1854) Charles Dickens’s 10th novel, Bleak House, features one of his most holy of heroines – a mother to all and “angel of the house”: the Oprah Winfrey of the Victorian age, if you will. Unlike the writer’s other angels, Little Dorrit’s Amy; or Sissy Jupe in Hard Times, Esther gets to tell her own story as she narrates a tale centring on a quarrel over an inheritance. Charlotte Bronte may have described her as “weak and twaddling,” but she’s the only woman that Dickens allows a pen and he brilliantly projects Esther as his type of ideal woman, with her modesty, perceptiveness, and moral responsibility. As her name suggests (it means “star”), she lights up the gloomy and chaotic world of the novel and dispenses her love to the needy, because love is the very thing she needs in return. As an illegitimate daughter, Esther faces numerous bitter experiences in Victorian society and takes a great dislike to those she feels unworthy of her virtues – her handling of the incorrigibly irresponsible Harold Skimpole is perhaps one of her finest moments as she politely refuses his proposal, all the while letting him know exactly what she thinks of him. The full series of 'My favourite Charles Dickens character' is:


This is the only medieval English cathedral to preserve the original traditional English arrangement of two western spires and one central spire. Where is it?

Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England : Map (The Full Wiki) Historical The See of Canterbury was founded in 597 by St. Augustine. Christianity was carried to England by the Romans and spread throughout Britain, until the 5th century when it waned through the departure of the Romans and the invasion by Saxons . In 597 Pope Gregory sent Augustine as a missionary from Rome to Canterbury where a church was established and run initially by secular canons, then Benedictine monks from the late Saxon period until 1540. The present cathedral church at Canterbury is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury , Primate of All England. As begun by Alfred the Great in 871 and consolidated under the William the Conqueror in 1066, England became a politically unified entity at an earlier date than other European countries. One of the effects was that the units of government, both of church and state, were comparatively large. England was divided into the See of Canterbury and the See of York under two archbishops . During the medieval period there were no more than 17 bishops, far fewer than the numbers in France and Italy . Benedictine monasticism , present in England from the 6th century, was greatly extended after the Norman Invasion in 1066. There were also a number of Cistercian abbeys, but these were often in remote areas and not destined to become cathedrals. The Romanesque architecture of Normandy replaced that of Saxon England , the buildings being generally larger and more spacious, the general arrangement of monastic buildings following those of the great Abbey of Cluny . The Romanesque style , of which the English form is often known as Norman architecture , developed local characteristics. An important aspect in the practice of medieval Christianity was the veneration of saints , and the associated pilgrimages to places where particular saint's relics were interred and their tradition honoured. The possession of the relics of a popular saint was a source of funds to the individual church as the faithful made donations and benefices in the hope that they might receive spiritual aid, a blessing or a healing from the presence of the physical remains of the holy person. Among those churches to benefit in particular were St. Alban's Abbey which contained the relics of England's first Christian martyr , Ripon with the shrine of it founder St. Wilfrid , Durham which was built to house the body of Saints Cuthbert of Lindisfarne and Aidan , Ely with the shrine of St. Ethelreda , Westminster Abbey with the magnificent shrine of its founder St. Edward the Confessor and at Chichester, the honoured remains of St. Richard . All these saints brought pilgrims to their churches, but among them the most renowned was Thomas Becket , the late Archbishop of Canterbury, assassinated by henchmen of King Henry II in 1170. As a place of pilgrimage Canterbury was, in the 13th century, second only to Santiago de Compostela . In the 1170s Gothic architecture was introduced from France at Canterbury and Westminster Abbey . Over the next 400 years it developed in England, sometimes in parallel with and influenced by Continental forms, but generally with great local diversity and originality. In the 16th century the Reformation brought about changes in the governance of the cathedrals as discussed below. Some existent buildings became cathedrals at this time. Several of the buildings were structurally damaged or left incomplete because of the Dissolution of the Monasteries , 1537-40 . Many of the large abbey churches, particularly those outside the towns, were robbed, burnt out and abandoned. The late 16th and early 17th centuries saw repairs to the fabric of many cathedrals and some new building and stained glass as well as many new fittings. During the period of the Commonwealth , 1649-60, wholesale iconoclasm was wrought on all the pictorial elements of Christian buildings. Most of England’s medieval stained glass was smashed. The majority of England’s medieval statues were smashed or defaced leaving only a few isolated examples intact. Me


Who directed the 2008 film 'The Hurt Locker'?

The Hurt Locker (2008) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $9.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV ON DISC ALL During the Iraq War, a Sergeant recently assigned to an army bomb squad is put at odds with his squad mates due to his maverick way of handling his work. Director: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 38 titles created 09 Sep 2013 a list of 28 titles created 03 Nov 2013 a list of 43 titles created 13 Jul 2014 a list of 21 titles created 16 Apr 2015 a list of 23 titles created 8 months ago Title: The Hurt Locker (2008) 7.6/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     6     Oscars. Another    114 wins & 121 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Acting under the cover of a Hollywood producer scouting a location for a science fiction film, a CIA agent launches a dangerous operation to rescue six Americans in Tehran during the U.S. hostage crisis in Iran in 1980. Director: Ben Affleck A Mumbai teen reflects on his upbringing in the slums when he is accused of cheating on the Indian Version of "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?" Directors: Danny Boyle, Loveleen Tandan Stars: Dev Patel, Freida Pinto, Saurabh Shukla The story of King George VI of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, his impromptu ascension to the throne and the speech therapist who helped the unsure monarch become worthy of it. Director: Tom Hooper Los Angeles citizens with vastly separate lives collide in interweaving stories of race, loss and redemption. Director: Paul Haggis Violence and mayhem ensue after a hunter stumbles upon a drug deal gone wrong and more than two million dollars in cash near the Rio Grande. Directors: Ethan Coen, Joel Coen Stars: Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, Josh Brolin A seventeen-year-old aristocrat falls in love with a kind but poor artist aboard the luxurious, ill-fated R.M.S. Titanic. Director: James Cameron A silent movie star meets a young dancer, but the arrival of talking pictures sends their careers in opposite directions. Director: Michel Hazanavicius Illustrated upon the progress of his latest Broadway play, a former popular actor's struggle to cope with his current life as a wasted actor is shown. Director: Alejandro G. Iñárritu Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg creates the social networking site that would become known as Facebook, but is later sued by two brothers who claimed he stole their idea, and the co-founder who was later squeezed out of the business. Director: David Fincher An undercover cop and a mole in the police attempt to identify each other while infiltrating an Irish gang in South Boston. Director: Martin Scorsese A determined woman works with a hardened boxing trainer to become a professional. Director: Clint Eastwood In the antebellum United States, Solomon Northup , a free black man from upstate New York, is abducted and sold into slavery. Director: Steve McQueen Edit Storyline An intense portrayal of elite soldiers who have one of the most dangerous jobs in the world: disarming bombs in the heat of combat. When a new sergeant, James, takes over a highly trained bomb disposal team amidst violent conflict, he surprises his two subordinates, Sanborn and Eldridge, by recklessly plunging them into a deadly game of urban combat, behaving as if he's indifferent to death. As the men struggle to control their wild new leader, the city explodes into chaos, and James' true character reveals itself in a way that will change each man forever. Written by BWR Public Relations You don't have to be a hero to do this job. But


The 'Oregon Trail' finished in the Columbia River area of Oregon, where did it start?

The Columbia River - The Oregon Trail Lewis & Clark's Columbia River - "200 Years Later" "The Oregon Trail" Includes ... Oregon Trail ...Oregon National Historic Trail ... National Register of Historic Places ... Columbia River ... Prairie Schooner ... Barlow Road ... The Dalles ... Oregon City ... Click image to enlarge Mount Hood from Highway 26. Parts of Highway 26 follow the old Barlow Road, part of the Oregon Trail. Image taken August 16, 2009. Oregon Trail ... The Oregon Trail ran approximately 2,000 miles from Missouri to the Rocky Mountains and then to the Willamette Valley of Oregon. The trip took four to six months. Independence, Missouri, is considered the beginning of the Oregon Trail and Oregon City, Oregon , is considered the end. The trail was busy, lasting from the early 1840s and ending with the coming of the railroad at the end of the 1860s.  Large scale migration began in 1843, when a wagon train of over 800 people with 120 wagons and 5,000 cattle made the five month journey. The General Path ... "The road began in Missouri, followed the North Platte River until it reached the Sweetwater River. The river offered relatively easy travel and a close water source. The Sweetwater River banks led the wagon trains up the gentle slopes of South Pass, where pioneers crossed the Rocky Mountains. The trail then crossed the rugged Snake River Desert and treacherous Blue Mountains before reaching the Columbia River. Here, pioneers chose either to use rafts to transport wagons down the river or follow the Barlow Road around Mount Hood to their final destination in Oregon City. ... The standard date for departure from any of the jumping-off places was April 15 - give or take a week or two, with expected arrival in Oregon or California hopefully by September 1, but not later than October 1. An ideal crossing was 120 days, April 15 to August 15, a daily average for the 2,000 mile long trail of 15 miles per day, a typical crossing took about two weeks longer. On a good day more than 15 miles could be covered, on a bad day, much less." Source:    U.S. National Park Service, Whitman Mission, Oregon Trail Teachers Guide. Oregon National Historic Trail ... In 1978, the entire Oregon Trail, including the Barlow Road , was named a National Historic Trail by the U.S. Congress. The Trail crosses through six states -- Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oregon, and Wyoming. Click image to enlarge Oregon Trail below Signal Hill, east of The Dalles, Oregon. Information via volunteer guide, Horsethief Lake Park (Columbia Hills State Park), Washington. Image taken October 15, 2011. Click image to enlarge Oregon Trail kiosk at Government Camp. Image taken August 14, 2012. Prairie Schooner ... "A prairie schooner is a relatively small covered wagon averaging 10-12 feet long and 4-5 feet wide. Most were converted farm wagons, although a few individuals such as freed slave Hiram Young and the Studebaker brothers made a living crafting wagons in Missouri for the Oregon Trail. Older and larger Conestogas were built for the freight trade on the National Road or Santa Fe Trail. Some early pioneers tried these large wagons on the Oregon Trail but soon discovered they were too heavy for their teams to cross the Rockies." Source:    Jim Thompkins, 1996 and 2002, "Discovering Laurel Hill and the Barlow Road" Destination, Oregon City ... Umatilla and Irrigon ... During the heyday of the Oregon Trail, both Umatilla and Irrigon had portions of the Oregon Trail turning north and reaching the Columbia River. [ More ] "... The main route generally followed the Snake River across much of southern Idaho. At the place called Farewell Bend, near Ontario, Oregon, the pioneers veered away from the Snake River, bidding it farewell as the name implies, and struck out overland across the Blue Mountains. Arriving at what is now the City of Echo, Oregon, the trail took several branches. The main trail proceeded westward through a stage stop called Well Springs and then onward to the Columbia River near The Dalles. Another branch of the trail followe


Name the form of projectile consisting of cast-iron balls packed in a gun between iron plates?

Civil War | Clarksville Foundry The Foundry’s Connection to the Civil War By Ellen Kanervo Whitfield Bradley & Company, predecessor of the present-day Clarksville Foundry, produced cannon balls during the Civil War Tennessee founding father James Robertson and his partners established the first iron furnace in the Western Highland Rim region in 1797. By the 1830s Tennessee iron had earned a reputation, according to 19th century ironmaster George Lewis, as being “superior to all other makes in America” and equal to iron from Sweden and Scotland. To back up this claim, Lewis noted that of the many explosions of boilers upon Western and Southern steamboats, resulting in the destruction of thousands of lives, “not one boiler made of Tennessee iron has ever exploded.” By the 1850s, Lewis reported, 20 furnaces, 10 forges and two rolling mills operated along the Cumberland River, producing annually 30,000 tons of pig metal, 10,000 tons of blooms, and 5,000 tons of bar and boiler plate iron, valued at $1.7 million and employing 3,500 men. Montgomery County alone boasted seven blast furnaces, tuning out 8,000 tons of pig iron a year. But most of this iron was shipped to other states to be cast into usable items; the area had few foundries to mould the pig into cast iron products. So, in the winter of 1854, Clarksville entrepreneur H.P. Dorris began construction of a foundry on Commerce Street near the city spring. “We made the first iron on 16 August 1854 at 40 minutes after 12. So be it,” wrote an interested observer. Thus was born the ancestor of the modern Clarksville Foundry and Machine Works. Dorris was assisted in the early years by John P.Y. Whitfield, a native of Philadelphia who, although not yet 30 years old, had gained wide experience in foundry work. After three years Dorris sold the business to Whitfield and two partners, and the firm took the name Whitfield and Co. In 1858 it became Whitfield, Bradley & Co. when Larkin Bradley and James Clark bought out Whitfield’s partners. The 1859-60 Clarksville city directory lists Daniel Wilkinson as a fourth partner. The directory also lists eight employees: three moulders, two machinists, a blacksmith, a carpenter and a general laborer. (Note: there could have been as many as 17 employees counting the partners and a number of moulders and machinists who did not list place of employment.) Dorris had specialized in iron stoves and fire grates, but the new managers diversified the company’s activities, manufacturing breechings, copper pipes, kettles, sheet iron, and machinery castings of all descriptions, as well as stoves. The company also repaired steam engines and farm machinery; offered complete blacksmith services; and engaged in roofing and guttering. But at the onset of the Civil War, the foundry’s diversification took a more deadly turn. At the beginning of hostilities, the South had only one working cannon foundry, Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond, Virginia. Thus it was imperative for Southern foundries to convert to the production of cannon and shot to support the war effort. Although prior to 1861, Tennessee had no cannon foundries, the state became a major producer of cannons for the Confederate Western Division. Whitfield, Bradley & Co. was one of 10 Tennessee foundries known to have produced cannon for the Confederacy. Montgomery County historian Ursula Beach noted in Along the Warioto, “The Commerce Street foundry of Whitfield, Bradley and Company in July [1861] was producing cannon, six and nine pounders” (p179). The poundage refers to the weight of the projectiles these guns could fire. In battle a six-pounder battery usually contained four six-pounder guns and two 12-pounder howitzers. Beach continued, “They also manufactured ball, canister and grapeshot” (p179). Grapeshot, or a stand of grape, was a projectile consisting of a cast iron bottom and top plate with a specific number, usually nine, of cast iron shot arranged in three tiers. When the grape was fired, it broke apart and spread with a shotgun effect. Grapeshot was used at relatively close range against


Who directed the 1957 film 'The Bridge On The River Kwai'?

The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) directed by David Lean • Reviews, film + cast • Letterboxd 17 ”There are times when suddenly you realize you're nearer the end than the beginning. And you wonder, you ask yourself, what the sum total of your life represents. What difference your being there at any time made to anything.” According to Letterboxd this was my 1000th movie so to mark this occasion I decided to visit a renowned work of one of my favorite filmmakers of all time: Sir David Lean and his majestic, impossible to resist and superb The Bridge on the River Kwai. And unsurprisingly it turned out to be a true absorbing classic. Just timeless. David Lean is famous for the grandeur and epic scale of his films, it didn’t matter if it was the vast boiling… 2 There's a lot to admire about The Bridge on the River Kwai. It's a grand production put together amazingly well by David Lean & benefits greatly from his composed direction, some wonderful performances as well as its expertly executed third act. Yet when compared to its near-unanimous praise, it turned out to be slightly underwhelming experience for me. The story of The Bridge on the River Kwai is set in a Japanese prison camp during the Second World War where the newly arrived British prisoners of war are ordered to construct a railway bridge; a task which is later overseen by their senior officer after his conditions are accepted but he's completely oblivious of the allies' plan to destroy it. Directed… 4 **Part of the Best Picture Project** David Lean's The Bridge on the River Kwai is a film about men and their principles. To each man, their principles are a thing of valor, and something that defines them. Nicholson (Guiness) believes in the book, and cooperating with the Japanese to make the best of things. Warden too, believes in the book, but in a vastly different way, and only seeks to get the job done. Shears, meanwhile, values no book but his own, the one of survival. Then there is Saito, who is stuck to his own Japanese code of honor. It's ultimately fascinating to watch all these principles come into conflict over the title bridge built by British prisoners. For… 2 The first of many epics directed by David Lean, The Bridge on the River Kwai is a POW (more precisely, of WWII) film based on Pierre Boulle's world famous novel that tells the story of the destruction of a railway bridge over the river Kwai, which was built by the British prisoners in the occupied Burma. Counting with a spetacular production, this war epic won the hearts of the audience and eventually won 7 Academy Awards, including best picture, best writing, best actor and best director. As I expected, it didn't take me long to fall in love with the film on a technical level, as it's composed of a beautiful cinematography handled by David Lean's regular Jack Hildyard in… 5 This is one of those films that I can watch at any time (despite the long runtime) and be completely enthralled. I also have a soft spot for David Lean, despite only having seen 5 of his films. That being said, both Lawrence of Arabia and The Bridge on the River Kwai are masterpieces (Doctor Zhivago is close to that status as well). The story works on multiple levels - as a character study, a spectacular war film, and a gripping drama. All aspects are brilliant and always captivating and engaging. The film flies by, in what seems like an hour. The characters are great as well, memorable as ever. All the acting is fantastic, and feels especiallu modern for… 5 The Bridge on the River Kwai is an English war drama directed by the king of epics, David Lean and is only one of his many collaborations with the legendary and knighted actor Alec Guinness. Most of the film takes place inside a Japanese POW camp during WW2 and follows captured soldiers who are ordered to build a bridge for a Japanese railway that passes over the river Kwai in Burma. A duel of wills is sparked when the highest ranking Brittish officer, Lieteunant Colonel Nicholson (Alec Guinness) and the Japanese camp commander Colonel Saito (Sessue Hayakawa) disagree r


In which of Dickens' novels does 'Jerry Cruncher' appear?

A Tale of Two Cities Jerry Cruncher A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Jerry Cruncher As far as plot development goes, Jerry Cruncher may not seem essential to the novel.  After all, he is a relatively minor character, and his function in the novel could easily have been accomplished by another character.  However, when one looks at the structure of the novel as a whole, beyond plot requirements, Cruncher becomes indispensable.  In many ways, A Tale of Two Cities is a dark, daunting, and humorless novel; Cruncher provides some levity.  However, Cruncher’s humor serves a purpose beyond light comedy.  His take on the world demonstrates how much personal perspective influences one’s perception of right and wrong.  Cruncher works for Tellson’s, which means that he has a legitimate job.  However, he is only a porter, which means that he is a member of the lower socioeconomic class, but his job gives him a unique insight into the lives of the wealthy.  His night job is robbing graves, which he tries to imbue with some semblance of decency, but he is unsuccessful in his efforts.  Cruncher is also an abusive husband, which sets him up as a perfect foil to Charles Darnay and even to Sydney Carton, due to their mutual adoration of Lucie.  However, Cruncher is given a chance at redemption, and he takes it; by the end of the novel, he stops robbing graves and accepts his wife’s religion.  Furthermore, because Cruncher is able to state that Roger Cly’s burial was a fake, he gets the information Carton needs to blackmail John Barsad, which ultimately leads to Carton being able to save Darnay’s life. ... Humor in A Tale of Two Cities This novel is filled... 2 Pages October 2013 ...Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens uses one of his... 2 Pages March 2013 ...in different aspects of their lives. In A Tale of Two... 3 Pages May 2011 ...transform the individual. In the novel, A Tale of Two... 4 Pages May 2015 ...Per. 2  Coincidences in  A Tale of Two Cities   ... 2 Pages April 2015