Rose Sunday is another name for which day?

4th Sunday of Lent (Laetare Sunday) ``Where the Bishop is, there let the multitude of believers be; even as where Jesus is, there is the Catholic Church'' Ignatius of Antioch, 1st c. A.D 4th Sunday of Lent (Laetare Sunday)   The fourth Sunday    of Lent is rather unique; like the third Sunday of Advent ("Gaudete Sunday"),    the fourth Sunday of Lent is a break in an otherwise penitential season.    The vestments for this day will be rose, as they are on Gaudete Sunday in    Advent, and flowers may adorn the Altar. This day is called "Laetare Sunday"    (also "Rose Sunday" ), and takes its name from the opening words of the Mass,    the Introit's "Laetare, Jerusalem":   Laetare Jerusalem:   et conventum facite omnes qui diligitis eam: gaudete cum laetitia, qui in   tristitia fuistis: ut exsultetis, et satiemini ab uberibus consolationis   vestrae. (Psalm) Laetatus sum in his, quae dicta sunt mihi: in domum Domini   ibimus. Gloria Patri.         Rejoice, O Jerusalem:   and come together all you that love her: rejoice with joy, you that have   been in sorrow: that you may exult, and be filled from the breasts of your   consolation. (Psalm) I rejoiced at the things that were said to me: we shall   go into the house of the Lord. Glory be to the Father.   The Gospel reading    will be John 6:1-15, on the multiplication of the loaves and the fishes --    symbols of the Eucharist to come in 18 days (on Maundy Thursday of Holy Week).    Note the language used in St. Matthew's account -- and in the consecration    of the Mass: Matthew 15:36 And taking the seven loaves and the fishes, and giving thanks,     he brake, and gave to his disciples, and the disciples to the     people. And from the Mass: Who, the day before     He suffered, took bread into His Holy and venerable hands, and having     lifted up His eyes to heaven, to Thee, God, His Almighty Father, giving     thanks to Thee, blessed it, broke it, and gave it to His     disciples, saying: Take and eat ye all of this. And after the miracle    of the loaves and fishes, this is what happens, according to John's Gospel: John 6:12-13 And when they were filled, he said to his disciples: Gather up the fragments     that remain, lest they be lost. They gathered up therefore, and filled twelve     baskets with the fragments of the five barley loaves, which remained over     and above to them that had eaten. "Gather up the    fragments lest they be lost," He said to them. And the Twelve did, symbolizing    their future ordinations, their being given to power to feed His sheep with    His Body and Blood as foreshadowed in the miracle of the loaves and fishes.   Customs Laetare Sunday    is also known as "Mothering Sunday" because of the Epistle reading that speaks    of how not the Jews, but those who come to Christ, regardless of their ancestry,    are the inheritors of Abraham's promise: Galatians 4:22-31 For it is written that Abraham had two sons: the one by a bondwoman, and     the other by a free woman. But he who was of the bondwoman, was born according     to the flesh: but he of the free woman, was by promise. Which things are     said by an allegory. For these are the two testaments. The one from mount     Sina, engendering unto bondage; which is Agar: For Sina is a mountain in     Arabia, which hath affinity to that Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage     with her children. But that Jerusalem, which is above, is free: which is     our mother. For it is written: Rejoice, thou barren, that bearest not: break     forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for many are the children of the     desolate, more than of her that hath a husband. Now we, brethren, as Isaac     was, are the children of promise. But as then he, that was born according     to the flesh, persecuted him that was after the spirit; so also it is now.     But what saith the scripture? Cast out the bondwoman and her son; for the     son of th


The Braemar Gathering is the most famous event of what type?

Braemar Gathering - Braemar Braemar Gathering Suitable for all the family World-famous Outdoor event in Braemar Games Park Free parking Food stalls Braemar’s premier cultural and sporting event is the Braemar Gathering which takes place on the first Saturday of September every year. It is the most famous and best-attended Highland Games in Scotland and features the finest pipe bands, Highland dancers and athletes in a stunning setting surrounded by heather clad mountains. Braemar Gatherings have a rich history, dating back 900 years but its modern roots can be traced to 1832 when the Braemar Royal Highland Society took responsibility for organising the Highland Games. Royal patronage began with Queen Victoria in 1848 and continues today with regular attendance by many of the Royal Family and Her Majesty the Queen. It is recommended to stay for the weekend to soak up the atmosphere, pageantry and spectacle of the Games. The massed pipe bands, the tossing of the Braemar caber and the inter services tug o war are just some of the highlights not to miss. For further information please visit www.braemargathering.org


Yo Yo Ma is a virtuoso on which instrument?

Yo-Yo Ma, a virtuoso at more than the cello - The Washington Post Yo-Yo Ma, a virtuoso at more than the cello The inside track on Washington politics. Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we’ll e-mail you free updates as they’re published. You’ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. You’re all set! By Philip Kennicott December 2, 2011 Follow @PhilipKennicott He may be the greatest cellist in the world and, some would argue, the greatest cellist ever. Legendary players such as Pablo Casals, Jacqueline du Préand Mstislav Rostropovich , have all left indelible marks. Casals was the trailblazer with the passionate commitment to human dignity. Du Préwas a tragic and beloved figure, a player of extraordinary drama and charisma. Rostropovich helped build the instrument’s modern repertoire, inspiring or premiering works by Shostakovich, Prokofiev and a host of others. But Yo-Yo Ma consolidated everything that came before, made it look effortless, and somehow found time to go past the cello and refashion himself into something bigger. He has invented a term for what he does, though he is too modest to apply it to himself except as a goal. He is the consummate “citizen musician.” His people say he lives out of a suitcase, and it’s easy to believe. Ma performs around the world, playing the Dvorak cello concerto in Pittsburgh, Atlanta and Kansas City in a typical stretch of several weeks. He has recorded more than 75 albums, with Grammy Award wins almost an annual occurrence (five for chamber music, four for crossover and multiple wins as a soloist). The Kennedy Center Honors is only one item on a very long list, including the prestigious Avery Fisher Prize, the National Medal of Arts, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom just last year. Few artists today can guarantee a sellout crowd, which means that orchestras and concert presenters rely increasingly on a handful of super-musicians with enormous name recognition and audience loyalty. Ma is one of them. But more than anything else, Ma is renowned for never giving a second-rate performance, never being off his game, never phoning it in. If there are bad reviews of a Ma concert out there, they assuredly read like Mark Twain’s grumpy and ironic description of opera: “It’s too generous.” Go to YouTube and watch him perform Saint-Saens’s “The Swan ,” one of the hoariest chestnuts of the repertoire. The music swells and subsides in long arcs, as if sung in one ecstatic breath. His bow never seems to run out of room, extending the sound seamlessly. His left hand rocks delicately on the strings, making the tone quiver like the voice of someone remembering a very sad story. He’s played it a hundred times, perhaps a thousand times or more. But every note of every phrase feels fresh and meaningful. Throughout it, Ma never looks at his instrument or at the music, which is all in his head. Instead, he focuses intently on Charles “Lil’ Buck” Riley, a street dancer from Memphis. To the sounds of Ma’s cello, Riley twists on one foot, almost goes up on point, oozes across the floor as if skating on ice, and allows the undulations of Saint-Saens’s haunting melody to flow out to his finger tips and toes. The mesmerizing choreography is equally indebted to Michael Jackson and Anna Pavlova, the great ballerina for whom this was a signature piece. The video, filmed by Spike Jonze at a meeting of the President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities (on which Ma serves), has had more than 1.5 million hits online. Damian Woetzel, a ballet dancer who is now head of the Aspen Institute’s arts programs and who has worked with Ma on education projects, can claim partial credit for the remarkable performance. When Woetzel first saw Lil’ Buck, he immediately thought of Ma and sent him a video of the young dancer. “And Yo-Yo said, ‘Oh my God, we’ve got to do something,’ ” Woetzel says. This is how some of the strangest and most compelling collaborations in the music world have happened over the past few decades. Ma gets excited, and th


Dandie Dinmont Terriers: What's Good About 'Em? What's Bad About 'Em? More traits and characteristics of the Dandie Dinmont Terrier If I was considering a Dandie Dinmont Terrier, I would be most concerned about... Animal aggression. Like all terriers, Dandie Dinmonts can be scrappy with other dogs of the same sex. They are a determined force to reckon with if they decide to initiate or accept a challenge to fight. And because of their hunting background, most terriers have strong instincts to chase and seize small fleeing creatures. This can make for conflict if you own a cat. It may be much worse than that if you own a pet rabbit or hamster! Terriers cannot be trusted off-leash. They will take off -- oblivious to your frantic shouts -- after anything that runs. Strong mind of their own. Terriers must be taught at an early age that they are not the rulers of the world. The toughness that makes them suited to killing vermin can frustrate you when you try to teach them anything. Terriers are stubborn and dominant (they want to be the boss) and will make you prove that you can make them do things. You must show them, through absolute consistency, that you mean what you say. To teach your terrier to listen to you, "Respect Training" is mandatory. My Dandie Dinmont Training Page discusses the program you need. Defensive reactions. If you need to physically chastise a terrier, and you go beyond what THEY believe is a fair correction, terriers (as a group) are more likely than other breeds to growl or snap. As an obedience instructor, I'm always extra careful when putting my hands on any terrier for a correction. I do NOT recommend terriers for small children. Many terriers will not tolerate any nonsense from little life forms whom they consider to be below themselves in importance. Many terriers are quick to react to teasing, and even to the normal clumsiness that comes with small children (accidental squeezing of their ears or pulling of whiskers or stepping on their paw). Many terriers are possessive of their food and toys and will defend these from all comers, including children. Grooming. Dandie Dinmont Terriers require clipping and trimming every few months, to keep their coat short and free of mats. But don't expect your pet Dandie Dinmont to look like the Dandie Dinmont show dogs you've seen in books or on TV. That particular look takes hours of work by experienced show groomers. Finding one and paying the price. In the United States, less than 100 new Dandie Dinmont Terrier puppies are registered each year. Compare that to over 60,000 new Golden Retriever puppies! And many breeders are charging $1000 and up. To learn more about training Dandie Dinmont Terriers to be calm and well-behaved, consider my dog training book, Teach Your Dog 100 English Words . It's a unique Vocabulary and Respect Training Program that will make your Dandie Dinmont Terrier the smartest, most well-behaved companion you've ever had. Teaches your dog to listen to you, to pay attention to you, and to do whatever you ask him to do. My dog buying guide, Dog Quest: Find The Dog Of Your Dreams , will teach you everything you need to know about finding a healthy Dandie Dinmont Terrier. Health problems have become so widespread in dogs today that this book is required reading for ANYONE who is thinking of getting a purebred, crossbred, or mixed breed dog. If you'd like to consult with me personally about whether the Dandie Dinmont Terrier might be a good dog breed for your family, I offer a Dog Breed Consulting Service . Once you have your Dandie Dinmont Terrier home, you need to KEEP him healthy -- or if he's having any current health problems, you need to get him back on the road to good health. Raise your dog the right way and you will be helping him live a longer, healthier life while avoiding health problems and unnecessary veterinary expenses. Please consider adopting an ADULT Dandie Dinmont Terrier... When you're acquiring a Dandie Dinmont Terrier PUPPY, you're acquiring potential -- what he one day will be. So "typical breed characteristics" are


Ballpoint Pen History - Invention of the Ballpoint Pen . BALLPOINT       PEN The first great success for the ballpoint     pen came on an October morning in 1945 when a crowd of over 5,000 people jammed the     entrance of New Yorks Gimbels Department Store. The day before, Gimbels had taken     out a full-page ad in the New York Times promoting the first sale of ballpoints in the     United States. The ad described the new pen as a "fantastic... miraculous fountain     pen ... guaranteed to write for two years without refilling!" On that first day of     sales, Gimbels sold out its entire stock of 10,000 pens-at $12.50 each! Actually, this "new" pen wasn't     new at all and didn't work much better than ballpoint pens that had been produced ten     years earlier. The story begins in 1888 when John Loud, an American leather tanner,     patented a roller-ball-tip marking pen. Louds invention featured a reservoir of ink     and a roller ball that applied the thick ink to leather hides. John Louds pen was     never produced, nor were any of the other 350 patents for ball-type pens issued over the     next thirty years. The major problem was the ink - if the ink was thin the pens leaked,     and if it was too thick, they clogged. Depending on the temperature, the pen would     sometimes do both. The next stage of development came almost fifty years     after Louds patent, with an improved version invented in Hungary in 1935 by Ladislas     Biro and his brother, Georg.   Ladislas Biro was very talented and confident of his     abilities, but he had never had a pursuit that kept his interest and earned him a good     living.  He had studied medicine, art, and hypnotism, and in 1935 he was editing a     small newspaper-where he was frustrated by the amount of time he wasted filling fountain     pens and cleaning up ink smudges.  Besides that, the sharp tip of his fountain pen     often scratched or tore through the newsprint (paper). Determined to develop a better pen,     Ladislas and Georg (who was a chemist) set about making models of new designs and     formulating better inks to use in them. One summer day while vacationing at the seashore, the Biro brothers met an     interesting elderly gentleman, Augustine Justo, who happened to be the president of     Argentina.   After the brothers showed him their model of a ballpoint pen, President     Justo urged them to set up a factory in Argentina.  When World War II broke out in     Europe, a few years later, the Biros fled to Argentina, stopping in Paris along the way to     patent their pen. Once in Argentina, the Biros found several investors willing to finance their     invention, and in 1943 they had set up a manufacturing plant.  Unfortunately, the     pens were a spectacular failure. The Biro pen, like the designs that had preceded it,     depended on gravity for the ink to flow to the roller ball. This meant that the pens     worked only when they were held more or less straight up, and even then the ink flow was     sometimes too heavy, leaving smudgy globs on the paper.  The Biro brothers returned     to their laboratory and devised a new design, which relied on "capillsry action" rather than gravity to feed the ink.  The rough "ball" at the end of the     pen acted like a metal sponge, and with this improvement ink could flow more smoothly to     the ball, and the pen could be held at a slant rather than straight up.  One year     later, the Biros were selling their new, improved ballpoint pen throughout Argentina. But     it still was not a smashing success, and the men ran out of money. The greatest interest in the ballpoint pen came from American flyers who had     been to Argentina during World War II. Apparently it was ideal for pilots because it would     work well at high altitudes and, unlike fountain pens, did not have to be refilled     frequently. The U.S. Department of State sent spec


Lesotho is surrounded by which other country?

Lesotho Facts | Sponsor a Child in Lesotho | World Vision Explore areas where you can help us build a better world for children. Sponsor a Child in Lesotho «Previous Child is waiting for a World Vision sponsor. is years old and lives in .     Progress in Lesotho Thanks to the generous support of our sponsors. World Vision was able to work alongside communities to accomplish the following in 2014. Children, parents, and community leaders were trained in child rights and prevention of child abuse to ensure the protection of children. We partnered with churches to strengthen the spiritual lives of community members through Bible schools, reconciliation workshops, and care team trainings. With our help, communities established disaster preparedness plans to mitigate the impact of natural disasters such as droughts. High school students improved their math and reading skills after we provided them with new textbooks and organized school competitions for them in these subjects. We increased food security year round by training families to grow their own fruits and vegetables and to preserve extra food through drying and canning methods. We empowered community members, church leaders, children, and youth to prevent the spread of HIV and AIDS and care for those affected by HIV and AIDS. + World Vision in Lesotho Today World Vision is committed to partnering with the people of Lesotho to improve their lives today and to help enact sustainable solutions for the future of their children, families, and communities. World Vision’s child sponsorship program plays a vital role in this partnership, with donors from the United States sponsoring more than 23,900 girls and boys. In addition to sponsorship, World Vision operates other programs that benefit communities in Lesotho. Highlights include: Ensuring children have access to quality education in improved facilities. Helping enhance good health for people living with HIV by implementing nutrition programs. Helping build over 70 houses for orphans to protect them from harsh weather conditions. + World Vision History in Lesotho World Vision child sponsorship in Lesotho dates back to 1976, with child sponsorship programs in two schools; an office was opened in 1987. Since then, some of World Vision’s major accomplishments have included: Providing nutritional programs, clean drinking water, and sanitation facilities, as well as meeting farming needs during the 1980s. Supplying meals for malnourished children and offering women vocational training to help them generate income in the late 1980s through the 1990s. Distributing food, toiletries, and fuel and offering recovery assistance programs to families affected by the Southern Africa food crisis in the 21st century. + Geography & People Geography and people Lesotho is a small, mountainous, independent nation completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is the only independent state in the world that lies entirely above 4,500 feet in elevation — in fact, 80 percent of the country lies above 5,900 feet. Due to its altitude, Lesotho remains cool throughout most of the year. The nation’s most important, yet scarce, resource is water for hydroelectricity. Other natural resources include farming and grazing land, sand, clay, building stone, and diamonds. The Basotho make up over 99 percent of Lesotho’s population and have lived in Southern Africa for nearly 600 years. Sesotho and English are both official languages, while Zulu, Xhosa, and French also are spoken. In rural areas, many extended families live together in a compound. The compound includes several buildings, a garden, and living space for animals. Everyone contributes to the upkeep and maintenance by doing chores, cooking, caring for the animals, and other tasks. History After 100 years under British protection, Lesotho became an independent nation in October 1966 with King Moshoeshoe II as sovereign. Political unrest after the 1970 elections led to a revision of the constitution and a lessening of the king’s power in politics. In February 1990, the chairman of the mili


Which musical genre derives its name from a phrase used in 1962 in a novel by William Burroughs?

Genre busting: the origin of music categories | Music | The Guardian Pop and rock Genre busting: the origin of music categories Where did the terms retro-nuevo and skronk originate? Or hip-hop? Michaelangelo Matos runs through an exhaustive catalogue of music's phrasemakers and trendsetters Music's phrasemakers (clockwise from top left): Brian Eno, Bikini Kill, William S Burroughs and Ornette Coleman. Photograph: Redferns/Corbis Pop and rock Genre busting: the origin of music categories Where did the terms retro-nuevo and skronk originate? Or hip-hop? Michaelangelo Matos runs through an exhaustive catalogue of music's phrasemakers and trendsetters Thursday 25 August 2011 17.04 EDT First published on Thursday 25 August 2011 17.04 EDT Share on Messenger Close Music comes from everywhere, and so do the names we call it by. There's a longstanding cliche that only the music business needs genre names – everyone else either likes it or they don't. That is, of course, bunk, as anyone who's heard enough people trot out lines such as "I like all music except for rap and country" is aware. Not least because quite a lot of those genre names come from the artists themselves. Gospel, for example, was more or less invented by Rev Thomas A Dorsey . As Georgia Tom , Dorsey played jazz and blues piano before turning to the Bible for inspiration in 1932 and selling songs such as Precious Lord, Take My Hand to churches in Chicago, then across America. His group's name was the University Gospel Singers. Similarly, bluegrass originates from the name of the country singer-mandolinist Bill Monroe 's backing band from 1938 to his 1996 death: the Blue Grass Boys. They were named after Monroe's native Kentucky, "the Blue Grass State". Glitter rock – a synonym for glam – comes from Gary Glitter, about which the less said, the better. More often, a genre name will come from a musician's works. Free jazz comes from Ornette Coleman 's 1960 album of the same name; ditto blue-eyed soul, from the Righteous Brothers' 1963 LP. The mid-60s Jamaican boogie dubbed rocksteady is named for an 1966 Alton Ellis single , while reggae followed it into Jamaican dancehalls on the heels of the Maytals' Do the Reggay in 1968. Soca is a condensation of Trinidadian artist Lord Shorty 's Soul of Calypso, from 1974, while acid house, originally from Phuture's 1987 single Acid Tracks , has come to mean anything with a yammering, squealing TB-303 on it. Ambient, of course, comes from Brian Eno's Ambient 1: Music for Airports (1978). Eno says in his famous liner notes from 1975's Discreet Music that the idea had come to him while recuperating in hospital after getting hit by a car in January 1975; a guest put 18th-century harp music on at low volume, then left the immobile Eno to ponder its placement. The guest remembers it differently: in Geeta Dayal's Another Green World, Eno's then-girlfriend Judy Nylon says she put the harp music on intending to balance it with the pouring rain outside, and that Eno caught on immediately. Sometimes lyrics become genres. Doo-wop comes from any number of primordial R&B harmony vocal-group records – the two most obvious are the Turbans' 1955 When You Dance ("Doo-wop, de-doo-doo," runs the end of the refrain) and the Five Satins' In the Still of the Nite a year later (under the sax solo, the chant "Doo-bop, doo-bah!"). In the late '60s, New York oldies radio DJ Gus Gossert put it into wide use, though he claimed he got it from California aficionados. Old-school Bronx DJ Lovebug Starski claims to have coined the term hip-hop by rhyming "hip-hop, hippy to the hippy hop-bop" at early parties, telling Peter S Scholtes in 2006: "Me and Kid Cowboy from [Grandmaster Flash's] the Furious Five used to say it together. I'd say the 'hip', he'd say the 'hop'." The term jungle came from a soundsystem yard tape from Jamaica that featured the chant "Alla the junglists". MC Navigator of pirate station Kool FM told critic Simon Reynolds in his book Energy Flash: "There's a place in Kingston called Tivoli Gardens, and the people call it the Jungle." When Rebe


Safeway supermarkets were taken over by which rival?

Morrisons to take over rival Safeway | Daily Mail Online Next Morrisons to take over rival Safeway Supermarket group Safeway has agreed to be taken over by rival Morrisons in a £2.9 billion deal, it was announced today. The pair said the move would create a "dynamic national supermarket group" valued at £5.5 billion, with combined sales of more than £12.6 billion and a market share of 16.1%. The group would have 598 stores with selling space of more than 14 million square feet. The deal brings together the UK's fourth and fifth biggest supermarket groups. Morrisons, based in Bradford, is the UK's fifth largest food retailer, with 119 stores mainly in the northern half of England, while Safeway, based in Hayes in Middlesex, is the fourth largest with 479 stores. David Webster, chairman of Safeway said: "In the last three years Safeway has turned around, adding 1.5 million customers and rebuilding profits. "As our market place becomes increasingly competitive a merger with Morrisons offers the best means of accelerating growth and delivering greater value for customers and shareholders." Safeway chief executive Carlos Criado Perez said: "This merger provides a fast route through the next stage of our strategy to increase the profitability of the portfolio." Sir Kenneth Morrison, executive chairman of Morrisons, said: "Merging with Safeway will allow Morrisons to accelerate the roll-out of its successful retail franchise across the UK, providing consumers with a distinctive offering and unlocking the benefits of scale for our combined shareholders." He said he was not expecting there to be job cuts among the group's store staff, but the group would be closing the Safeway head office which employs 1,200 people. Asked whether there would be job cuts, he said: "It will be quite the reverse - we are expecting to open a number of new stores which would probably create 3,000 to 4,000 jobs in shops." "But we will be closing Safeway's head office, and that is expected to incur some job losses." He said the office - in Hayes, Middlesex - would be "run down" rather than immediately shut. Safeway also has an administrative centre near Tyneside, employing 300 to 350 staff, which will be "under review", he said. The takeover will create a firm employing about 140,000 staff in total. Morrisons employs 45,000 staff while Safeway employs 95,000 people. Morrisons is also planning to rename the bulk of the Safeway stores under its own brand. Mr Morrison said he would keep the Safeway name only on the group's smaller stores, which number just over 100. The remainder would be renamed, he said. The deal has been recommended by Safeway's board but still has to be passed by shareholders. Safeway said that, following the deal, Morrisons shareholders would own 53% of the firm while Safeway would own 47%. Safeway shareholders would receive 1.32 new Morrisons share for each Safeway share held. The offer values each Safeway share at 277.5p. Shares in Safeway soared nearly 30% to 275p in early trading while Morrisons shares fell 7% to 195p. Mr Morrison said he did not foresee any problems with competition authorities because there was minimal geographical overlap between the stores. He said the pair had been in talks for the last few weeks and the deal was completed around midnight last night. Both Safeway's chief executive and chairman will leave the firm following the deal, while two Safeway directors, Lawrence Chistensen and Jack Sinclair, have been invited to join the board of the enlarged group. The deal is expected to be completed by the end of June.


What name is given to the part of a flag nearest the flag pole?

Flag Terminology Parts of a Flag All 50 State Flags The Parts of a Flag When talking about flags, several words are used to describe a flag that may not always be familiar to all. The diagram below will help you to understand the different parts of a flag and help you to  understand the descriptions of the state flags at NETSTATE.COM. About the Parts of Flags and Related Items Anatomy of a Flag Hoist: Hoist is used to describe the height of the flag while flying. The term also  refers to the edge of the flag that is attached to the flagpole or staff. You may hear the term  "hoist end" to refer to this part of a flag. Fly: 1) The length of the flag as measured from the attachment to the farthest point. 2) The distance from the end of the canton to the free end of the flag. 3) The width (length) of an extended flag. Fly end: The fly end is the part of the flag that flaps in the wind and sometimes becomes frayed. Canton: When it exists, the canton is found in the upper left-hand corner of a flag. By definition, it is the "top inner corner of a flag." Flags with cantons include the United States flag, the  Georgia flag, the Hawaii flag and the Mississippi flag. Field: The section of the flag between the hoist and the fly ends is called the field  or, sometimes, the ground. It does not include the canton. Flagpoles Flagpole: A flag is most often attached to an object of support such  as a flagpole, staff or flagstaff, or mast. In general, when a flag is flown outdoors, if flies from a flagpole.  When a flag is carried in a parade or displayed indoors, it is attached to a staff. On a boat or ship, a flag may be  attached to a mast. Truck: The truck is the cap at the top of a flagpole and may have holes to attach  pulleys to raise and lower a flag. Staff Ornament or Finial: The flagpole or staff may be topped with a decorative ornament  or finial. A finial is an uppermost decoration such as the sphere illustrated above. Halyard: A halyard is a rope or cable used to raise and lower a flag on a flagpole. Good Flag Design You may have heard or seen the term, Vexillology before. Vexillology is simply the "study of flags." There are thousands and thousands of people around the world who are interested in vexillology and these people have formed organizations. In our opinion, one of prime results from the study of flags is the answer to the question, "What constitutes good flag design?" When we look at the state flags , we see a wide variation in flag design. Some flags make little impression on us. Others are memorable and seem to celebrate the state to which they belong. The North American Vexillological Association defines five principles of good flag design .


What was the nationality of the scientist Robert Bunsen?

Robert Bunsen - Biography, Facts and Pictures Robert Bunsen Robert Bunsen’s Early Life and Education Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen was born on March 30, 1811, in Göttingen, Germany. He was the youngest of four sons. His father was Christian Bunsen, professor of modern languages and head librarian at the University of Göttingen. His mother came from a military family. After he had become a famous professor, Bunsen once recalled that he had been a wayward child at times, but his mother kept him in line. He attended elementary school and high school in Göttingen. When he reached the age of 15 he moved to the grammar school in Holzminden, about 40 miles (60 km) from Göttingen. In 1828, aged 17, he started work for his degree at the University of Göttingen. He took courses in chemistry, physics and mathematics, with some geology and botany. He won an award for his work on a humidity meter. When he wrote this work up in 1830, he was awarded a Ph.D. in chemistry – he was just 19 years old. Advertisements Bunsen stayed at Göttingen until he won a government scholarship to travel around Europe studying chemistry. He spend most of 1832 and 1833 learning chemical techniques in laboratories in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and France. In France he spent time in Paris working with the famous chemist Joseph Gay-Lussac. Recalling differences between his own time as a university student and many years later, Bunsen said: “In my day, we studied science and not, as now so often happens, only one of them.” Robert Bunsen’s Discoveries and Contributions to Science Arsenic – A Triumph and a Disaster In 1833, aged 22, Bunsen started working as a chemistry lecturer at the University of Göttingen. He had obtained his license to teach, but received no salary from the university. He tutored students and carried out research in the chemistry laboratories. In the early years of his career, Bunsen researched arsenic compounds – hazardous work. In 1834 he published his first important work – a triumph. Working with the physician Arnold Berthold he discovered an antidote to arsenic poisoning. He found that adding iron oxide hydrate to a solution in which arsenic compounds are dissolved causes the arsenic compounds to fall out of the solution as ferrous arsenate, which is an insoluble, harmless solid. Bunsen developed an ongoing passion for studying the compounds of arsenic. Like the good chemist he was, he tried to take precautions against the toxic effects of these compounds, He devised a face mask with a breathing tube which ran outside to feed him clean air while he worked. Some arsenic compounds, however, are explosive. Without warning, they can explode in dry air. In 1843, nine years after finding the antidote to arsenic poisoning, Bunsen became a victim of such an explosion when a sample of an arsenic compound called cacodyl cyanide exploded, shattering his face mask and permanently blinding his right eye. The explosion also resulted in Bunsen suffering severe arsenic poisoning. He was saved from death by the iron oxide hydrate antidote he had discovered nine years earlier. Invention of the Zinc-Carbon Battery In 1841 Bunsen invented the zinc-carbon cell – often called the Bunsen battery. He saw this as an improvement on the expensive Grove cell, which was used, for example, to power telegraph lines. The Grove cell was a zinc-platinum cell. The platinum in it made it very expensive. Bunsen combined his zinc-carbon cells into large batteries, which he used to isolate metals from their ores. He was the first person to produce large scale samples of pure magnesium metal. His replacement of expensive platinum with cheap carbon also allowed other researchers who had been deterred by costs to carry out work in electrochemistry. Gas Analysis and Big Wins for Industry Bunsen developed a variety of new techniques to analyze gases. Between 1838 and 1846 he used his methods to study gases produced by industries. He found that in the steel industry, where heat was produced by burning charcoal, much of the charcoal was not burning completely. It was burning


Who presents the Radio 2 Wednesday night folk music show?

BBC Radio 2 folk DJ Mike Harding hits out at boss after sacking | Media | The Guardian BBC Radio 2 folk DJ Mike Harding hits out at boss after sacking Veteran presenter to be replaced by Mark Radcliffe after 15 years presenting Folk Show Mike Harding says controller Bob Shennan only rang him once and that was to sack him. Photograph: Jude Edginton/BBC Wednesday 17 October 2012 12.07 EDT First published on Wednesday 17 October 2012 12.07 EDT Close This article is 4 years old BBC Radio 2 presenter Mike Harding, who has been axed as presenter of the station's folk music show after 15 years, has hit out at its controller Bob Shennan, saying the only time he rang him was to sack him. Harding will be replaced in the new year by another Radio 2 presenter, Mark Radcliffe, his first primetime show on Radio 2 since he switched to 6 Music last year. "In 15 years I have built the programme from 70,000 listeners to 860,000 listeners. In all that time I have never had a single phone call from Radio 2 to say I was doing a good job even though I instituted things like the Folk Awards with my producer John [Leonard]. I built that show up over the years with a lot of hard work because it is music that is in my blood," Harding said. "Last Tuesday I got the only phone call I have ever had from Radio 2 – from Bob Shennan – telling me he was pulling me from the programme. No reason was given beyond that they wanted to make it more 'live'. No other presenter was mentioned." Harding, who currently pre-records the show, said he could have broadcast it live if requested. He will continue to present the Wednesday evening slot for the rest of the year, with his last show on Boxing Day. "I will continue to do it with the professionalism that I have always done," said the singer and comedian who had his own show on BBC2 . Harding, who is also known as the "Rochdale Cowboy" after his 1975 chart hit, turns 68 later this month. He said age should have nothing to do with presenting. "Folk music spans the generations," he said. "Young people don't care how old I am as long as I know what I'm talking about. I'm a player, I'm a musician. It's my life." Radcliffe, who currently presents a late-night show on Radio 2 alongside his afternoon 6 Music show, which he co-hosts with Stuart Maconie, said: "I can't say how thrilled and honoured I am to be doing this. "I am also well aware of how loved and cherished Mike Harding is and it is daunting to be following in his footsteps. He is a friend and someone I respect enormously and I really want to pay tribute to the sterling job he's done on the Folk Show for so long. Thanks Mike, from all of us." Shennan described Radcliffe as a "firm favourite with Radio 2 listeners [with] unrivalled broadcasting credentials and longstanding passion, knowledge and hands-on experience of folk music". The Radio 2 and 6 Music controller added: "I'd like to thank Mike Harding, who has spent 15 years at the top of his game, delighting fans with his expertise and rooting out the very best folk music. "On his watch, folk has enjoyed a huge surge in popularity and Mike has been key in supporting the genre and introducing Radio 2 listeners to a broad range of new artists. We very much hope to work with him again in the future." • To contact the MediaGuardian news desk email editor@mediatheguardian.com or phone 020 3353 3857. For all other inquiries please call the main Guardian switchboard on 020 3353 2000. If you are writing a comment for publication, please mark clearly "for publication". • To get the latest media news to your desktop or mobile, follow MediaGuardian on Twitter and Facebook . TalkSport has also held talks with DJ's agent after BBC London show was axed, prompting an on-air tirade from presenter. By John Plunkett Published: 2 Nov 2012


What was the name of the record label founded by Frank Sinatra in 1960?

This Week in Billboard History: Frank Sinatra's 'Mysterious' Record Label; Live Aid's Bootlegging Scourge | Billboard This Week in Billboard History: Frank Sinatra's 'Mysterious' Record Label; Live Aid's Bootlegging Scourge | December 06, 2011 9:30 AM EST This Week in Billboard History: Frank Sinatra's 'Mysterious' Record Label; Live Aid's Bootlegging Scourge 0 Frank Sinatra at a recording studio with coffee and cigarette. (Photo: Hulton Archive/Getty) 1960: Let's Call the Whole Thing...hmmm? Billboard revealed that the debut of a new label founded by Frank Sinatra was just two months away, though there was no name for the new imprint as of yet, and the identities of the executives who would be running the new company couldn't be announced because they were still employed at other labels. "Artists currently are at work designing several labels using those names which are being considered," the article stated. "Final decision will be made after the labels have been completed with the choice going to the one which carries the greatest sales impact." The initial two releases on the unnamed label to be launched in mid-February 1961 would be by Sinatra himself, coming off of a long exclusive pact with Capitol, and fellow rat-packer Sammy Davis, Jr. Another fact about the upcoming imprint revealed in the story: the label would go through independent distributors. As students of the music industry know, the label was eventually christened Reprise, headed up by Mo Ostin, and was distributed by Warner Bros., which bought the label outright in 1963. Other artists joining Reprise included Frank's daughter, Nancy Sinatra, and another rat pack member, Dean Martin. Later, the roster expanded to include the Kinks, Jimi Hendrix, Neil Young and Fleetwood Mac. Reprise effectively went dormant in 1976, with only Sinatra and Young continuing on the label while other acts were released under the Warner Bros. logo. Reprise was reactivated in 1987 and the list of active artists came to include Green Day, Barenaked Ladies, Enya, My Chemical Romance and the artist with the No. 1 album on this week's The Billboard 200, Michael Bublé (signed to 143/Reprise). Billboard, Dec. 5, 1960 [page 2] About To Be Bootlegged: George Michael, Bono, Paul McCartney, Freddie Mercury and Bob Geldof take part in the Live Aid concert at London's Wembley Stadiumon July 13. 1985. (Photo: Georges DeKeerle/Getty) 1985: Do They Know It's Illegal? The IFPI announced it would hold a press conference in London to discuss problems created by bootlegging of the "Live Aid" concerts and the organization's efforts to counter the piracy. The IFPI estimated that over one million illicit copies of the "Live Aid" concerts had been sold, many in eight-volume sets on cassette, resulting in profits for the pirates but no contributions to the charity established by Bob Geldof to ease the famine in Ethiopia, while the U.K.'s Mechanical Copyright Protection Society took action against clubs, stores and restaurants that were screening videos of the BBC telecast taped on home video recorders. The bi-coastal event, which took place at Wembley Stadium in London and JFK Stadium in Philadelphia on July 13, 1985, was never meant to be released in any recorded medium, so if you didn't see MTV's wall-to-wall coverage or ABC-TV's three-hour special that evening, you didn't see "Live Aid" - or at least, you weren't supposed to be able to view the landmark event. It would be almost 20 years before consumers could purchase an official DVD release of "Live Aid." The four-disc set, with profits going to famine relief, was issued in November 2004. It included 10 hours of performances from the 16 hours of footage. Billboard, December 7, 1985 [page 13] 1970: They Said He'd Go Down in History (And He Did) Tied in to the seventh annual broadcast of the animated "Rudolph The Red Nosed Reindeer" special on NBC, Billboard reported that the famed holiday song, written by Johnny Marks, had sold 91 million copies worldwide, with 60 million of those sold in the U.S. Sheet music sales had reached five million and th


Throughout the Old Testament there are references to the 'Great Sea', by what name is that sea now known?

15. The Nations In The Millennium And The Eternal State | Bible.org 15. The Nations In The Millennium And The Eternal State Article contributed by www.walvoord.com The divine purpose of God for the Gentiles comes to its natural conclusion at the end of the times of the Gentiles which is marked by the second coming of Jesus Christ. The millennial reign of Christ primarily concerns the nation Israel and their restoration to their ancient land. Most of the prophecies dealing with the millennial kingdom describe Israel’s day of glory and prominence with Christ as their king and David resurrected from the dead as the prince. There are, however, numerous prophecies that indicate that the Gentiles also will participate in the millennial reign of Christ and will inherit many of the blessings which characterize this period. As the reign of Christ is from sea to sea it necessarily goes far beyond the borders of the Promised Land, outlined so long ago to Abraham as extending from the River of Egypt to the Euphrates (Genesis 15:18). Outside the Promised Land, but often adjacent to it are the millennial counterparts of the ancient peoples who in one way or another were related to Israel’s long history. Extent Of Gentile Prophecy In addition to the major nations which had a large part in the history of Israel such as Babylon, Assyria, and Egypt, a number of important prophecies are found in the Old Testament relating to minor nations. While such prophecies are scattered throughout the Old Testament, three major passages are found in Isaiah 13-23, Jeremiah 46-51, and Ezekiel 25-32. Seven major nations are mentioned in Isaiah to which can be added prophecies concerning the cities of Tyre and Damascus. Jeremiah adds additional prophecies relating to five of these plus a passage on the Ammonites (Jeremiah 49:1-6) and a short prophecy about Kedar and Hazor (49:28-31). Ezekiel offers additional prophecies concerning five of these nations and adds a prophecy about Zidon (Ezekiel 28:20-24). As special attention has already been directed to the prophecies relating to Babylon, the most prominent nations in these prophecies to be considered here are the remaining nations, namely, Assyria, Egypt, Philistia, Moab, Damascus, Ethiopia, Edom or Dumah, Arabia, the city of Tyre, the Ammonites, Kedar and Hazor, and Zidon. The great prophecies of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel treat the predictions concerning the nations in the context of Israel’s coming day of restoration and glory. Unquestionably the main theme in the prophet’s mind, whether it is stated or not, is that Israel in contrast to the nations which surround them is destined for glory and honor in God’s ultimate kingdom on earth. This tremendous truth has been blurred by the unfortunate tendency to spiritualize these prophecies in the attempt to make them describe the glory of the church. If they are taken literally, however, they provide a pattern of fulfilled prophecy in the past and a program of unfulfilled prophecy in the future which is tremendously significant in unfolding the great purposes of God for the nations of the world. The prophet Isaiah for instance portrays the glories of the coming kingdom in Isaiah 11-12 before turning to the prophecies relating to the nations in chapter 13 and following. It is clear that from the prophetic viewpoint the importance of these prophecies relating to the nations can be discovered only in the contrast to the prophecies relating to Israel, many of which are yet unfulfilled. In a similar way the prophecies of Jeremiah emphasize Israel’s restoration and coming glory. Often these prophecies are set in the midst of prophecies relating to the nations and are presented as sharp contrasts to the destined doom of the other nations and God’s divine judgment upon them. The major portion of Jeremiah’s section on prophecy concerning the nations occurs late in the book in chapters 46-51 preceded by the historical and prophetical matter describing the stirring relationship of Jeremiah to his contemporary situation coupled with many prophecies concerning Israel


During the nineteenth century what name was given to Indian soldiers serving under British command?

BBC - History -   British History in depth: British India and the 'Great Rebellion' British India and the 'Great Rebellion' By Professor Peter Marshall Last updated 2011-02-17 In 1857 a large part of the Indian army rebelled against the British authorities; the ensuing bloodshed sent shockwaves throughout colonial Britain. What lessons were learned and how did the rebellion shape modern India? Professor Peter Marshall analyses the impact of the uprising. On this page Print this page Imperial authority examined In May 1857 soldiers of the Bengal army shot their British officers, and marched on Delhi. Their mutiny encouraged rebellion by considerable numbers of Indian civilians in a broad belt of northern and central India - roughly from Delhi in the west to Benares in the east. For some months the British presence in this area was reduced to beleaguered garrisons, until forces were able to launch offensives that had restored imperial authority by 1858. Shock inevitably stimulated much self-examination... British public opinion was profoundly shocked by the scale of the uprising and by the loss of life on both sides - involving the massacre by the rebels of captured Europeans, including women and children, and the indiscriminate killing of Indian soldiers and civilians by the avenging British armies. Shock inevitably stimulated much self-examination, out of which emerged an explanation of these terrible events; this explanation has exercised a powerful influence over opinion in Britain ever since. Map of India showing the areas affected by rebellion in 1857    © Indians were assumed to have been a deeply conservative people whose traditions and ways of life had been disregarded by their British rulers. Reforms, new laws, new technology, even Christianity, had been forced upon them. They found these deeply offensive and were driven to resist them with violence. Top A history in two halves British soldiers racing to quash the Indian mutiny at Lucknow in 1857    © The lesson that the British drew from 1857 was that caution must prevail: Indian traditions must be respected and the assumed guardians of these traditions - priests, princes or landholders - were to be conciliated under firm authoritarian British rule. Thus British Indian history in the 19th century is often divided into two halves, separated by the great watershed of 1857: an age of ill-considered reform, followed by an age of iron conservatism. Conservatism was eventually to provoke a different form of reaction, the nationalism out of which modern India was to be born. ...what the British intended and what they were able to achieve were often very different things. There are, however, serious difficulties in any interpretation of 19th-century Indian history that divides it into an age of reform that gave way under the shock of rebellion to an age of conservatism. This may in a very rough sense reflect the intentions of India's British rulers, but what the British intended and what they were able to achieve were often very different things. Outcomes depended as much on the inclinations and efforts of Indian people as on the initiatives of their rulers. Top Before the rebellion In the first half of the 19th century, when the East India Company still ruled India on Britain's behalf, there was a heady rhetoric of reform and improvement in some British circles. The aspiration of Thomas Macaulay - a member of the Company's ruling council in 1835, as well as a historian - to foster 'a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions in morals and in intellect' is often quoted. Less often quoted is his preceding sentence, in which he admitted that 'it is impossible for us, with our limited means, to attempt to educate the body of the people'. The means of the Company's government were indeed limited. The greater part of its resources went on its armed forces, not on schemes for improvement. An insecure government of necessity moved cautiously, in spite of its rhetoric, and at the time the Indian economy was generally stagnant. The auth


From 1901-1903, Edmund Barton was the first Prime Minister of which country?

Bytes: Australia's Prime Ministers: Edmund Barton Edmund Barton at age 17 (Click on photos to enlarge). Sir Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister of Australia, was born in Glebe, the son of a stockbroker. Educated at Fort Street High School and Sydney Grammar School, he subsequently graduated from the University of Sydney and became a barrister. In 1879 Barton was elected to the NSW State Parliament, becoming Speaker in 1882. In 1889 he became Attorney General. An early supporter of federation, he was a delegate to the 1891 National Australasian Convention where he declared his support for the principle that “trade and intercourse…shall be absolutely free” in a federal Australia. He also advocated that both the upper and lower house of a federal parliament should be representative and that appeals to the Privy Council should be abolished. Barton took part in drafting a constitution which ended up being substantially similar to that adopted in 1900. Barton lost his seat in 1894 and did not stand for re-election in 1895 because of the need to provide for his large family, parliamentarians then not being paid. Nonetheless he continued to advocate federation and between 1893 and 1897 spoke at over 300 meetings. At one meeting, in Ashfield, he made a statement widely quoted: "For the first time in history, we have a nation for a continent and a continent for a nation". By 1897 he was the acknowledged to be the leader of the federal movement in Australia. A referendum to adopt the federal constitution passed in 1899, with federation scheduled to take place on 1 January 1901. However, elections were not to be held until March 1901. Instead of appointing the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives to be Prime Minister, the newly appointed Governor General John Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun, appointed the Premier of the most populous state, New South Wales, to form an interim government. In what has become known as Hopetown’s Blunder, he bypassed Edmund Barton and appointed Sir William Lyne, a staunch opponent of federation. The Bulletin editorialised: "Among the men who can claim by merit or accident, to be front-rank politicians of Australia, Lyne stands out conspicuously as almost the dullest and most ordinary.” Lyne was unable to obtain the support of the leaders of the other states and was obliged to return his commission to Hopetoun, who then appointed Barton as Prime Minister. Barton was successful in forming a government and he and his ministry were sworn in on 1 January 1901 by Lord Hopetoun in Sydney’s Centennial Park. This was the moment that the Commonwealth of Australia came into being. Sydney's Centennial Park at the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia. The new Prime Minister Edmund Barton (third from left) and Governor-General Lord Hopetoun (third from right) leave the rotunda in Centennial Park The Federal Pavilion in which the swearing in and inauguration took place was purchased by Concord Council in 1903 and relocated to Cabarita Park, where it remains to the present day. The first and second Prime Ministers of Australia, Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, amongst the 1901 cabinet Barton was elected to the seat of Hunter in the March 1901 elections. His Protectionist Party was able to form a government with the support of the Labor Party. One of the first pieces of legislation passed by the Barton government was the Immigration Restriction Act, putting into law the White Australia Policy. Although part of the deal for the Labor Party’s support for the Protectionist Party was the restriction of immigration from Asia, that policy was also part of Barton’s own political platform. In his election campaign he had declared “The doctrine of the equality of man was never intended to apply to the equality of the Englishman and the Chinaman". On the plus side, women were allowed to vote in the 1902 elections. In government Barton was a moderate conservative. In his personal life he was jovial and fond of long dinners and good wines, being nicknamed "Toby Tosspot" by the Bulletin. For much of


The 'Road to the Isles' runs from Fort William to which port?

The Road To The Isles The Road To The Isles on the Road to the Skye Ferry Glenfinnan House Hotel on the shore of Loch Sheil Loch Eilt on the way to Skye On the Roae to the Isles going to Mallaig Sunset over Isle of Rum from Arisaig on the Road to the Isles Romantic, deserted beaches on the Road to the Isles The Road To The Isles The Road to the Isles begins to the west of Corpach on the A830 and works its way west towards Mallaig, where Caledonian MacBrayne Ferries take visitors to Armadale on the Isle of Skye. Along this scenic route there are lots of places to stop, enjoy the scenery, appreciate the peace and quiet. Loch Eil is the first major landmark on your left as your travel towards Fassfern and Glenfinnan .  This sea loch is home to Outward Bound Locheil - the outdoor adventure centre. Loch Eil is also used to farm mussels which grow well in the cool, clean waters of the loch. Locheilside is a mix of small crofts and dwellings with some nice scenery to enjoy throughout the year. Ben Nevis is particularly impressive from Loch Eil. In the summer months, the Jacobite Steam Train works its way along the lochside on its way out west - there are a few good places to see the train pass on its journey. (the views of the train in this fantastic scenery would be a lot more enjoyable if someone would realise that the scrub trees need to be cut back every few years.) At Kinlocheil, near Fassfern there's a train stop and if you take the junction on the left at the head of the loch, signposted A861, there's very pleasant tour around the west shore which eventually takes your to Treislaig, where a small ferry will take you over Loch Linnhe to Fort William, or you can continue down to Ardgour, and cross with your car over Corran Narrows. Proceeding westwards, the next village is Glenfinnan. This is a terrific place and we have a section all about Glenfinnan on the site. Glenfinnan and Loch Shiel should be on your "Must Visit" list of places. Check out Loch Shiel Cruises for fabulous wildlife trips The road climbs up the hill and after a few miles you'll see Loch Eilt on your left. This is a good place to see the Steam Train. From Loch Eilt the road takes you to Lochailort and then over a gradual descent, back to sea-level at the viaduct which carries the West Highland Line through the hills to Arisaig. From Arisaig to Mallaig is possibly the prettiest section of the  route. Less mountainous, but numerous beaches and great sea views bring in the changes of this interesting  journey. If you are traveling on to Skye, your find the ferry at Mallaig going back and forth the Sound of Sleat to Armadale. If not, this area is well worth exploring, including beautiful Loch Morar - a huge fresh water loch.. From Mallaig there are sea routes to the Small Isles and to Inverie on the shore of Loch Nevis. You can also walk over the hills to Inverie to enjoy some good food at the Old Forge - Britain's most remote pub. There is of course a lot more to the Road to the Isles - the history, the geology, the wildlife and of course the people who live and work here. Search the Visit Fort William Directory Keywords:


In which country were the Bamiyan Buddhas destroyed in 2001?

Destruction of the Bamiyan Statues - Taliban vs Buddha Destruction of the Bamiyan Statues Destruction of the Bamiyan Statues Taliban vs the Buddha A worker adjusts his radio in front of an alcove which used to contain a giant Buddah overlooking the area September 5, 2005 in Bamiyan, Afghanistan, destroyed by the Taliban in 2001.  John Moore / Getty Images By K. Kris Hirst In March 2001, six months before the September 11th bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City, the Taliban destroyed two ancient statues of the Buddha called Bamiyan in an attempt to cleanse the country of Afghanistan of what they perceived as Hindu heresy. An Old Story To be perfectly blunt, this is an old story. New landowners of a country move in and do their best to obliterate all traces of the conquered and now minority population. Former cultural monuments, particularly if they are of a religious nature, are pulled down, and monuments for the new group built, frequently right on the top of the foundations of the old. The old languages are forbidden or limited, along with other cultural phenomena such as marriage customs, rites of initiation, even food taboos. The reasons the conquerors give for this trashing of the old ways and structures are varied, and include everything from modernization to saving the souls of the recently conquered. continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance But the purpose is the same: to destroy the remnants of a culture which represents a threat to the new dominance. It happened in 16th century AD in the New World civilizations; it happened in Caesar's Rome; it happened in the dynasties of Egypt and China. It's what we as humans do when we are afraid. Destroy things. An Ominous Warning So, it shouldn't have been as shocking as it was, to see the Taliban in Afghanistan blast two enormous 3rd and 5th century AD statues of Buddha to powder with anti-aircraft guns. "We are not against culture but we don't believe in these things. They are against Islam," the Taliban's Foreign Minister Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil is reported to have said. The Taliban has never been known for a generosity of spirit or interest in cultural diversity, and as I say, the erasure of the past to protect the present is an old story. As archaeologists, we’ve seen evidence of it hundreds, maybe a thousand times. But the Taliban's destruction of the two Bamiyan Buddha statues was still painful to watch; and today it is recognized as an ominous forewarning of the Taliban's distaste of anything other than their own set of extremist Islamic values.


What was the name of the Cartwright's ranch in the TV western `Bonanza'?

Bonanza (TV Series 1959–1973) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The adventures of Ben Cartwright and his sons as they run and defend their ranch while helping the surrounding community. Creator: Little Joe falls in love with Alice Harper played by a young Bonnie Bedelia who he meets while rescuing her gambler brother John from a poker game gone bad. The two eventually marry and are expecting... 8.6 Hoss scares a bear that has treed a green-clad little man, subsequently finds a buried strongbox filled with bags of gold dust and, when both the treasure and its owner disappear, unsuccessfully ... 8.5 Clint Watson and his two sons are hired by Ben Cartwright to deliver nitroglycerin to Virginia City. The journey entails hardship, recrimination and tragedy. 8.5 a list of 42 titles created 24 Aug 2011 a list of 26 titles created 26 Apr 2012 a list of 46 titles created 11 Jun 2012 a list of 47 titles created 07 Aug 2012 a list of 31 titles created 1 month ago Search for " Bonanza " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     2     Golden Globes. Another    9 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Marshal Matt Dillon keeps the peace in the rough and tumble Dodge City. Stars: James Arness, Milburn Stone, Amanda Blake The Wild West adventures of the residents and staff of Barkley Ranch in California's San Joaquin Valley. Stars: Richard Long, Peter Breck, Lee Majors Gil Favor is trail boss of a continuous cattle drive; he is assisted by Rowdy Yates. The crew runs into characters and adventures along the way. Stars: Clint Eastwood, Paul Brinegar, Steve Raines Stories of the journeys of a wagon train as it leaves post-Civil War Missouri on its way to California through the plains, deserts and Rocky Mountains. The first treks were led by gruff, ... See full summary  » Stars: Frank McGrath, Terry Wilson, Robert Horton Bret and Bart Maverick (and in later seasons, their English cousin, Beau) are well dressed gamblers who migrate from town to town always looking for a good game. Poker (5 card draw) is ... See full summary  » Stars: Jack Kelly, James Garner, Roger Moore Frontier hero Daniel Boone conducts surveys and expeditions around Boonesborough, running into both friendly and hostile Indians, just before and during the Revolutionary War. Stars: Fess Parker, Patricia Blair, Darby Hinton A Civil War veteran with a sawed-off rifle as a holstered weapon makes a living as a bounty hunter in the Wild West of the 1870s. Stars: Steve McQueen, Wright King, Olan Soule After the Civil War, nomadic adventurer Cheyenne Bodie roamed the west looking for fights, women and bad guys to beat up. His job changed from episode to episode. Stars: Clint Walker, Clyde Howdy, Chuck Hicks The cases of maverick undercover New York City detective Tony Baretta. Stars: Robert Blake, Tom Ewell, Michael D. Roberts Dressed-up dandy (derby and cane), gambler and lawman roams the West charming women and defending the unjustly accused. His primary weapon was his wit (and cane) rather than his gun. Stars: Gene Barry, Allison Hayes, Allen Jaffe The Shiloh Ranch in Wyoming Territory of the 1890s is owned in sequence by Judge Garth, the Grainger brothers, and Col. MacKenzie. It is the setting for a variety of stories, many more ... See full summary  » Stars: Doug McClure, James Drury, Lee J. Cobb The adventures of a gentlemanly gunfighter for hire. Stars: Richard Boone, Kam Tong, Hal Needham Edit Storyline The Cartwright's one-thousand square mile Ponderosa Ranch is located near Virginia City, Nevada, site of the Comstock Silver Lode, during and after the Civil War. Each of the sons was born to a different wife of Ben's; none of the mothers is still alive. Adventures are typical western ones, with lots


What sport was played by the legendary character Rudolph Wanderone, better known as Minnesota Fats?

OBITUARY: Rudolph Wanderone | The Independent OBITUARY: Rudolph Wanderone Wednesday 24 January 1996 00:02 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Disdained by the top tournament players but loved with a wink by nearly everyone else, Rudolph Wanderone, known for much of his life as "Minnesota Fats", was America's billiard character of the century. He was fat, at 300 pounds, but he wasn't from Minnesota. In like fashion, much of his life was lived in half-truth. So, when Wanderone died last week of heart failure, he left many fans and not a few journalists wondering whether he was really the vivid "Minnesota Fats" character of Walter Tevis's atmospheric novel The Hustler, portrayed on the screen by Jackie Gleason in the 1961 film. He wasn't, but in a stroke of marketing genius, when the motion picture was released he immediately proclaimed himself to be that fictional player. He possessed just enough skill, the correct girth and more than ample swagger to convince audiences that he was the genuine article. So persuasive was his story that Tevis was forced to add a note denying it in later editions of The Hustler. Born, by the most reliable accounts, in 1913 to a Swiss family in the Washington Heights section of New York City, Wanderone (nicknamed "Roodle" as a child and later "New York Fats") was exposed to pocket and three- cushion billiards at the age of four and claimed to have started playing for money two years later. His was not the polite world of English billiards and snooker, but the basement society of fast nineball games and proposition bets. He avoided employment his entire life, preferring the anxious existence of the "road player", an itinerant cueman whose lone objective is the separation of opponents from their life savings. This life suited his first wife, Evaline, to whom he was married for nearly 44 years. When aged 70 Wanderone finally took a job promoting pool tables, she promptly won a divorce. He was a good shooter, excelling at the money games of One-Pocket and Bank Pool, but his surpassing talent was in "making a game", figuring just how much of a handicap he had to give his victim to keep the cash flowing. Wanderone long eschewed tournaments, since he couldn't see the point in playing for three weeks for a chance at $2,000 when he could win more by hustling in a single night. His lack of refereed public victories hinders any genuine critical appraisal of his prowess with a cue, but in his prime, in 1948-55, he was among the best in private money games. In the 1960s, he hosted a billiard television programme in Chicago and later played a televised series of challenge matches against Willie Mosconi, who since 1941 had been regarded as the best pool player in the world. Mosconi had the better of these contests, but Wanderone attracted a large following with his exaggerated tales of hustling (he once estimated in mock seriousness that his lifetime winnings had totalled $100m) and was credited with keeping American billiards thriving for almost two decades at a time when it might otherwise have died out. In 1984, in a gesture of appreciation, the Billiard Congress of America inducted him into its coveted Hall of Fame, an honour so rare it has been bestowed on barely 30 individuals since 1966. Yet even this prize rankled, since he was honoured in the "Meritorious Service" category rather than the exalted wing reserved for "Greatest Players". After his divorce in 1985, Fats took up residence, rent-free, in a Nashville hotel, where he held court each day at a pool table especially installed for his use. Ever seen in the company of attractive young women, he married Theresa Bell, 50 years his junior, several years ago. Wanderone lived to see pool's second modern renaissance, spurred by the 1986 film The Color of Money, a sequel to the original Hustler, and knew that he had a substantial hand in bringing it about. Mike Shamos Rudolph Walter Wanderone, billiards player: born New York 19 January 1913; twice married; died Nashville, Tennessee 18 January 1996. More about:


What is the name of the Japanese mafia-like criminal organisations?

yakuza | Japanese organized crime | Britannica.com Japanese organized crime bōryokudan Yakuza, also called bōryokudan or gokudō, Japanese gangsters, members of what are formally called bōryokudan (“violence groups”), or Mafia -like criminal organizations. In Japan and elsewhere, especially in the West, the term yakuza can be used to refer to individual gangsters or criminals as well as to their organized groups and to Japanese organized crime in general. Yakuza adopt samurai -like rituals and often bear elaborate body tattoos . They engage in extortion, blackmail, smuggling , prostitution , drug trafficking, gambling , loan sharking, day-labour contracting, and other rackets and control many restaurants, bars, trucking companies, talent agencies, taxi fleets, factories, and other businesses in major Japanese cities. They are also involved in criminal activities worldwide. The word yakuza (“good for nothing”) is believed to have derived from a worthless hand in a Japanese card game similar to baccarat or blackjack: the cards ya-ku-sa (“eight-nine-three”), when added up, give the worst possible total. The origin of the yakuza themselves is difficult to determine, but they are thought to have descended either from gangs of rōnin (masterless samurai) who turned to banditry or from bands of do-gooders who defended villages from those same wayward samurai during the early 17th century. Their lineage may also be traced to bands of grifters and gamblers in Japan’s feudal period. According to police estimates, gang membership reached its highest level, of some 184,000, in the early 1960s. However, by the early 21st century their numbers had declined to approximately 80,000, divided roughly evenly between regular members and associates. The members are organized into hundreds of gangs, most of them affiliated under the umbrella of one of some 20 conglomerate gangs. The largest conglomerate is the Yamaguchi-gumi, founded about 1915 by Yamaguchi Harukichi but fully developed and aggrandized only after World War II by Taoka Kazuo . Similar to that of the Italian Mafia, the yakuza hierarchy is reminiscent of a family. The leader of any gang or conglomerate of yakuza is known as the oyabun (“boss”; literally “parent status”), and the followers are known as kobun (“protégés,” or “apprentices”; literally “child status”). The rigid hierarchy and discipline are usually matched by a right-wing ultranationalistic ideology . Kobun traditionally take a blood oath of allegiance , and a member who breaks the yakuza code must show penance—historically through a ritual in which the kobun cuts off his little finger with a sword and presents it to his oyabun, though this practice has declined over time. Similar Topics


Who was acting leader of the Lib Dems after the resignation of Sir Menzies Campbell?

Menzies Campbell resigns as Lib Dem leader - Telegraph Liberal Democrats Menzies Campbell resigns as Lib Dem leader Sir Menzies Campbell has been forced to resign as leader of the Liberal  Democrats after a brutal coup by his own MPs. Sir Menzies was a key figure in the removal of Charles Kennedy in 2006 Photo: GEOFF PUGH By Andrew Porter, Political Editor 6:30PM BST 15 Oct 2007 After a string of desperate poll showings - the worst put his party on just 10 per cent - MPs moved to oust their leader. His removal shocked Westminster for its savage and swift nature. At a meeting of MPs Mr Campbell tried to rally support but found there were too few colleagues willing to back him. He then took the decision to stand down. Sir Menzies, 66, who would be approaching 70 at the time of the next election, was a key figure in the removal of Charles Kennedy in 2006. Ironically Mr Kennedy, who remains hugely popular with the party’s grassroots, could be a front-runner to replace him. Sir Menzies, who lasted only 18 months, had to go or face a bruising leadership contest, after one opinion poll showed the Lib Dems could end up with no seats at an election. Events moved quickly after Vince Cable, his deputy, gave a lunchtime interview admitting that Sir Menzies’ position was "under discussion", with senior party figures privately admitting he could be gone by the end of the week. Related Articles When next leader will be chosen the rules 16 Oct 2007 Sir Menzies met senior colleagues one-to-one in an attempt to rally support but found few willing to back him. He then decided to stand down but was criticised for being absent when the announcement was made by Simon Hughes, the party president, and Mr Cable shortly after 6.30pm. In his resignation letter, Sir Menzies said: "It has become clear that following the Prime Minister’s decision not to hold an election, questions about leadership are getting in the way of further progress by the party. Accordingly, I now submit my resignation as leader with immediate effect." Vince Cable, the deputy leader, has taken over as caretaker leader until a contest is held. Outside the party's headquarters Mr Cable said: "Ming has earned the gratitude, respect and affection of the party." Nick Clegg, the party's home affairs spokesman, is the favourite to take over. He will face a tough challenge from Chris Huhne, environment spokesman. Party president Simon Hughes said in a statement: "Over the past two years, Ming has given stability and purpose to our party. "He has hugely professionalised the working of our party and led its very successful preparations for the next general election. "Ming has made this decision - as all his political decisions - in the interest of his party and liberal democracy throughout Britain. "Every Liberal Democrat owes Ming a huge debt of gratitude." One Lib Dem source said: "This was an absolutely brutal and cold-blooded hit. "They had learned the lessons from the knifing of Kennedy, you have to be clinical and swift." Last Friday the Daily Telegraph reported that the knives were out for Sir Menzies. A senior figure told the paper: "We will get him. There is no support for him in the grassroots." A turning point for the Liberal Democrats was Gordon Brown calling off the election 10 days ago and announcing that it was highly unlikely that there would be a general election next year either. MPs decided that 66-year-old Sir Menzies would not present a youthful face to the electorate in 2009 or 2010 and in particular in comparison to David Cameron and a resurgent Conservative party. But most MPs had accepted that any coup would have to be "bloodless" unlike the tortuous attempts to unseat former leader Charles Kennedy, who eventually admitted his alcohol problems. Gordon Brown said: "Sir Menzies Campbell is a man of great stature and integrity who has served his party and country with distinction. "His contribution on foreign policy and international affairs is valued throughout the world. I am sure he will continue to make a major contribution to public life." David Cameron, Co


Which composer (1874 - 1951) first used the Dodecaphonic Scale in his later works?

Arnold Schoenberg (1874 - 1951) - Genealogy Arnold Schoenberg Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos German: Arnold Franz Walter Schönberg Also Known As: in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States Place of Burial: Composer, österreichisch-amerikanischer Komponist, Musiktheoretiker, Kompositionslehrer, Maler, Dichter und Erfinder Managed by: Added 2013-05-01 06:56:09 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: "...at 90513th NE Composer Dies LOS ANGELES July 14 Composer Arnold Schoenberg fa ther of the Modern Atonal School of Music died at his h... Date: Added 2013-05-01 06:56:06 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: "...mayonnaise of dressing SCHOENBERG DEAD SANTA MONICA Calif July 14 Arnold Schoenberg father of the ern Atonal School of Music died at ... Date: Added 2013-05-01 06:55:43 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... has taken the founder of the Atonal School of Music Composer Arnold Schoenberg Long a sufferer from asthma the noted teacher and compose... Date: Added 2013-05-01 06:55:58 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... from the O'Donnell neral home The cortege headed by a flower SCHOENBERG DEAD SANTA MONICA Galif July 14 Arnold Schoenberg father of the ... Date: Added 2013-05-01 06:56:51 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: "...The club is in the heart of the white business district Arnold Schoenberg Composer Is Dead WEST LOS ANGELES Calif July 14 UP Composer... Date: Added 2013-05-01 06:56:49 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... and MONDAY Noted Composer WEST LOS Calif July 14 AP Composer Arnold Schoenberg ... 76 lather of ern Atonal School of Music died at his h... Date: Added 2013-05-01 06:56:38 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... addition COMPOSER STRICKEN LOS ANGELES July 14 Symphonic composer Arnold Schoenberg ... the title of Poet Laureate of Las Vegas Friends ... Date: Added 2014-03-30 18:03:25 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... regulations for businessmen and literature for the AUTOMOBILES ARNOLD SCHOENBERG DIES SANTA July 14 Composer Arnold father of the modern... Date: Added 2014-03-30 18:03:21 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... Anglo-American relations will be based on something firmer Arnold Schoenberg the com ... of suburban streets today's young biker rides w... Date: Added 2016-12-19 22:17:34 -0800 by Stephen Ames Levin Collection: Australian Newspapers Text: ... more immediately. DEATH OF COMPOSER NEW YORK, July 15. A.A.P. -Arnold Schoenberg, 76, Austrian born composer, died in Los Angeles after ... Publication: July 16 1951 - Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia Page: Added 2016-12-19 22:17:31 -0800 by Stephen Ames Levin Collection: Australian Newspapers Text: "...LOS ANGELES, July 15 (A.A.P.).-The Austrian-born composer, Arnold Schoenberg died on Friday night aged 76. He originated the modern a... Publication: July 16 1951 - Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Page: Added 2013-05-01 06:56:34 -0700 by Private User Collection: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: "...time Noted Composer Dies On Coast SANTA MONICA Calif July Arnold Schoenberg ather of the modern atonal school of music died at his ho... Date: http://www.schoenberg.at Arnold Schoenberg (pronounced [ˈaːɐ̯nɔlt ˈʃøːnbɛɐ̯k]; 13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was an Austrian composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. He used the spelling Schönberg until after his move to the United States in 1934 (Steinberg 1995, 463), whereupon he altered it to Schoenberg "in deference to American practice" (Foss 1951, 401), though one writer claims he made the change a year earlier (Ross 2007, 45). Schoenberg's approach, both in terms of harmony and development, is among the major landmarks of 20th-century musical thought; at least three generations of compos


Who wrote the Jimi Hendrix hit 'All Along the Watchtower'?

The Story Behind Jimi Hendrix's "All Along the Watchtower" - Cover Me The Story Behind digs deep into how an iconic cover song came to be. Brian Jones was in bad shape. The Rolling Stone had staggered into London’s Olympic Studios, where Jimi Hendrix was trying to record a new Bob Dylan song, “All Along the Watchtower.” Though Jones could barely stand upright, he demanded to play on the track. There had already been many takes and the arrangement was just starting to come together, but Hendrix, ever accommodating to his friends, sat Jones down at a piano. Jones jumped right in, not letting inebriation limit his enthusiasm, and began producing off-beat clunks and clangs that caused Hendrix to stop the take in frustration after only 23 seconds. What would become known as the greatest cover song ever recorded was quickly falling apart. Where Hendrix first heard “All Along the Watchtower” is a matter of some debate. His publicist at the time, Michael Goldstein, says he played it for him at a Greenwich Village party before Dylan’s album John Wesley Harding was even released. “I went to dinner with [Dylan’s manager] Albert Grossman in an awful Mexican restaurant around 46th Street,” he says. “He gave me this cassette and said, ‘Here’s a sample of Dylan’s latest songs.’ I had a party a week or so later and Jimi was there. I said, ‘How would anybody like to hear something from Dylan that you haven’t heard?’ and I played the tape. Jimi came up to me and said, ‘Hey Mike, can I take that home with me? I really want to listen to that again.’ I said, ‘Sure you can have it, what the hell do I care?'” Hendrix’s girlfriend Kathy Etchingam, who he was living with in London at the time, says he first heard it like any other Dylan fan would have: he bought a copy of the record. “It was soon after he came back [from the States],” she recalls. “I remember him having the album when he came back along with a bottle of duty-free American whiskey. We played it over and over again. He just loved it.” There are other stories as well. Dave Mason of Traffic has described a party he threw in London as Hendrix’s introduction to the song. And Michael Fairchild, in the Electric Ladyland reissue liner notes, points to a session Hendrix played on with Paul McCartney’s brother Mike McGear as a possible first exposure. It may not really matter though, because there was no way Hendrix was not going to hear “Watchtower” sooner or later. Though it was certainly in vogue among musicians to namecheck Dylan, Hendrix was the type of superfan who carried a Dylan songbook in his travel bag, who once almost started a fight in a Harlem club after making the DJ play “Blowin’ in the Wind” (which, not surprisingly, cleared the dance floor), and who pestered Dylan’s guitarist Robbie Robertson with questions about how Bob wrote his brilliant songs (Robertson’s reply: “Usually on a typewriter”). He even dumped a girlfriend using lyrics from Dylan’s kiss-off song “Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I’ll Go Mine”). He had been covering Dylan songs himself as early as 1965, as a session player for Curtis Knight’s “Like a Rolling Stone”-ripoff “How Would You Feel,” and the actual “Like a Rolling Stone” became a staple of his early live shows. It was after hearing one such performance that Chas Chandler, bassist for the Animals (who had recently had their own hit with “House of the Rising Sun,” a song they had heard on a Dylan record), decided to sign him and become his manager. He would record a few Dylan songs in his career – “Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window,” “Drifter’s Escape,” “Tears of Rage” – and toyed around with others. A Rolling Stone interviewer in 1969 described him idly strumming along to “The Ballad of Frankie Lee and Judas Priest” while answering questions. “It’s not a wonder to me that he recorded my songs,” Dylan himself wrote in 1988, “but rather that he recorded so few of them because they were all his.” Though stories differ, he met Dylan at least once, but any interactions were by all accounts inconsequential. In that same Rolling Stone interview, Hendrix


Nicknamed the 'King of Soho' his publications included Mayfair and Razzle magazines, he died in March 2008, by what name was he known?

Paul Raymond Paul Raymond Saturday, 15 November 2008 12:22 Paul Raymond was the alias of Geoffrey Anthony Quinn Born: 15 November 1925, Liverpool. Died: 2 March 2008, London. Age: 82 Cause of death: Undisclosed Notable because:  Went from being a drummer in a dance band to Billionaire after finding a spectacular fortune in mans love for 'tittys'. A lifelong Catholic. Reputedly at one time owned 80% of Soho. Loved and loathed in equal measure for his entrepreneurial commitment to all things erotic and insalubrious, became a symbol of Britain's apparent decline into lasciviousness. Saw one of his 2 sons only twice in his lifetime. Known as Britains 'Hugh Hefner.'   Born and raised in Liverpool where he attended St. Francis Xavier's College, Raymond and his family were abandoned by his father when he was young. The outbreak of the Second World War prompted their relocation to Glossop in Derbyshire, where he was educated by the Irish Christian Brothers. He changed his name when he tried to break into showbusiness as a mind-reader on Clacton pier at the age of 22. His self-made fortune came from pornography, property development and ownership of the Raymond Revuebar strip club and several major English erotic magazines such as Razzle, Men Only, Mayfair and the short-lived King. Models featured in his magazines included Fiona Richmond (who became Raymond's girlfriend towards the end of his marriage), Joanne Guest, Shanine Linton, Aria Giovanni and Veronica Zemanova. Raymond regularly appeared on UK rich lists and was widely believed to be a billionaire. Raymond started out by opening the Raymond Revuebar strip club in the former Doric Ballroom in Soho's Walker's Court in 1958, which was at the time the first British strip club, and continues to the present day as a cabaret venue. He was frequently referred to in the press as the "King of Soho". In later years, his fortunes waned due to competition the internet and also from "lad mags" that were not as sexually explicit as his own publications. He began to hand over control of his empire to his daughter Debbie during the early 1990s, until her death in 1992 from an apparently accidental drugs overdose. Raymond also had two sons, the eldest from a relationship prior to his marriage. He was estranged from his ex-wife and sons. Raymond had 4 recognised grandchildren: Cheyenne and Boston Raymond, from son Howard and Fawn and India Rose James from daughter Debbie. Raymond long ago diversified beyond pornography, and had many millions tied up in property and real estate, most notably in Soho, through his company, Soho Estates. He was listed at #62 on the Sunday Times Rich List in 2004 and valued at £600 million, although it has been claimed that this was only a fraction of his wealth. Well over 6ft tall, and sporting a fake tan, Raymond was never far from the glitz of London's social scene. A lifelong Catholic, his neck would always be adorned by a gold cross, while his chauffeur drove a golden Rolls-Royce. He took advantage of a slump in property prices at the end of the Seventies to buy freeholds in Soho, promising to convert it into a new Covent Garden. Rumour has it that he died with 60 of Soho's 87 acres to his name. His holdings are thought to include freeholds of Soho House, Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, Sugar Reef and the Whitehall and Windmill theatres. In the late Sixties he converted the latter to a dining theatre, La Vie En Rose. His marriage to Jean Bradley, a nude dancer, was dissolved in 1974 after an affair with Fiona Richmond, an acress in risqué films and plays. He invested increasing responsibility for his business in his daughter Debbie. But in November 1992, after two failed marriages, she died aged 36, after extensive alcohol, cocaine and heroin abuse. One great tragedy that blighted Raymond's rise from sleazy showman to property tycoon - the death of his daughter, Debbie.ike all his children, Debbie had had a troubled youth. Expelled from Cheltenham Ladies College, her smart public school, she tried to make a career in showbusiness as a singer but gave up, admitt


Henry the Third | Article about Henry the Third by The Free Dictionary Henry the Third | Article about Henry the Third by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Henry+the+Third Related to Henry the Third: Henry the first , Henry the Fourth Henry III, 1551–89, king of France (1574–89); son of King Henry II and Catherine de' Medici. He succeeded his brother, Charles IX. As a leader of the royal army in the Wars of Religion (see Religion, Wars of Religion, Wars of, 1562–98, series of civil wars in France, also known as the Huguenot Wars. The immediate issue was the French Protestants' struggle for freedom of worship and the right of establishment (see Huguenots). ..... Click the link for more information. ) against the French Protestants, or Huguenots, Henry, then duke of Anjou, defeated (1569) the Huguenots at Jarnac and Moncontour. He refused (1571), on religious grounds, to proceed with negotiations for his marriage to the Protestant queen of England, Elizabeth I. With his mother, the duke helped instigate the massacre of the Huguenots (see Saint Bartholomew's Day, massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day, massacre of, murder of French Protestants, or Huguenots, that began in Paris on Aug. 24, 1572. It was preceded, on Aug. 22, by an attempt, ordered by Catherine de' Medici, on the life of the Huguenot leader Admiral Coligny. ..... Click the link for more information. ). Elected king of Poland (1573), he returned to France at his brother's death to assume the French crown. By the Edict of Beaulieu (1576) at the end of the fifth war of religion, he made concessions to the moderates and the Protestants, which led to the formation of the Catholic League (see League League or Holy League, in French history, organization of Roman Catholics, aimed at the suppression of Protestantism and Protestant political influence in France. ..... Click the link for more information. ) at the behest of Henri, 3d duc de Guise Guise , influential ducal family of France. The First Duke of Guise The family was founded as a cadet branch of the ruling house of Lorraine by Claude de Lorraine, 1st duc de Guise, 1496–1550, who received the French fiefs of his father, René II, duke ..... Click the link for more information. . The king, fearing the League's power, proclaimed himself its head. It was dissolved after he revoked some of his earlier concessions to the Protestants. The League was revived by Henri de Guise, however, when the death (1584) of the king's brother, Francis, duke of Alençon, made the Protestant Henry of Navarre the legal heir to the French throne. De Guise forced Henry III to issue an edict suppressing Protestantism and excluding Henry of Navarre from the throne. In the war that ensued, known as the War of the Three Henrys, Navarre defeated the king's troops at Coutras (1587). Although de Guise helped raise a Parisian revolt against Henry, he did permit his escape to Chartres. However, Henry III procured the assassination of de Guise and his brother Louis in the hope of quelling the rebellion, but his action only further provoked the Catholics. Joining forces with Henry of Navarre, the king attempted to regain Paris. In the siege he was stabbed by Jacques Clément Clément, Jacques , 1567–89, French Dominican monk, assassin of Henry III of France. An adherent of the League, he thought Henry a danger to the Church because of his recognition of a Protestant successor. ..... Click the link for more information. . The last male member of the house of Valois, Henry III left France torn by civil war. Henry of Navarre succeeded him as Henry IV. Henry III, 1017–56, Holy Roman emperor (1046–56) and German king (1039–56), son and successor of Conrad II. He was crowned joint king with his father in 1028, and acceded on Conrad's death in 1039. Under Henry III the medieval Holy Roman Empire probably attained its greatest power and solidity. In 1041, Henry defeated the Bohemians, who had been overrunning the lands of his vassals, the Poles, and compelled Duke Bratislaus I of Bohemia to renew his vassalage. Although several exp


In which battle did the 'Thin Red Line' feature?

The Battle of Balaclava - Crimean War - Charge of the Light Brigade The Battle of Balaclava The Charge of the Light Brigade, the Charge of the   Heavy   Brigade and the Thin Red Line War: Crimean War Place: On the southern Crimean coast in the Ukraine. Combatants: British, French and Turkish troops against the   Imperial Russian Army. Generals: Lieutenant General the Earl of Raglan commanded   the British Army, General Saint-Arnaud commanded the French Army. Prince Menshikov commanded the Russian Army. The Russian commander   of the Balaclava assault was General Liprandi, Menshikov’s second in   command. Click here or on image to buy a Print Uniforms, arms and equipment: See the main Crimean War   site on britishbattles.com. Winner: Balaclava is a battle honour for all the British   regiments that took part. It is usually a pre-condition for a battle   honour that the battle is a victory for British arms. Balaclava was   a strategic defeat. The Russians captured seven guns and at the end   of the battle held the ground they had attacked. Against this the   three episodes in the battle; the Charge of the Heavy Brigade, the   Thin Red Line and the Charge of the Light Brigade, are such icons of   courage and achievement for the British Army, that it is not   surprising the military authorities awarded Balaclava as a battle   honour to the regiments involved. 1st Royal Dragoons 4th Dragoon Guards: now the Royal Dragoon Guards. 5th Dragoon Guards: now the Royal Dragoon Guards. 1st Royal Dragoons: now the Blues and Royals. Royal Scots Greys: now the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. 6th Inniskilling Dragoons: now the Royal Dragoon Guards. 4th Light Dragoons: now the Queen’s Royal Hussars. 8th Hussars: now the Queen’s Royal Hussars. 11th Hussars: now the King’s Royal Husars. 13th Light Dragoons: now the Light Dragoons. 17th Lancers: now the Queen’s Royal Lancers. 93rd Highlanders: now the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. All these regiments have Balaclava as a battle honour. Account: In mid-September 1854 the British and French armies   with a small Turkish contingent landed on the Western Crimean coast   30 miles north of Sevastopol with the aim of capturing this   important Russian Black Sea naval base. An officer of the 93rd Highlanders The allied armies marched south along the coast and fought the   battle of the Alma on that river, defeating the Russian army and   driving it back towards the city. Lord Raglan and Marshal St Arnaud, the two commanders in chief,   resolved to march around the inland side of Sevastopol and begin   siege operations against the city from the South. Once the march had   been completed the French established their base at Kamiesh on the   south western tip of the Crimea, south of Sevastopol, while the   British took Balaclava as their base, 15 miles along the coast to   the East. The Battle of Balaclava (this map appears in the best selling book, The Dangerous Book for Boys by Gonn Iggulden and Hal Iggulden, in the section   Famous Battles-Part Two)   The Russian commander, Prince Menshikov, marched his army out of   Sevastopol to the North East, leaving a garrison to conduct the   defence of the city. The allies were thereby left with two tasks;   the siege of the city and holding off Menshikov’s army. During   October 1854 reinforcements came in to Menshikov’s army from   elsewhere in the Crimea and further afield in Russia until his army   was larger than that of the allies. The 93rd Highlanders repel the Russian Cavalry On 25th October 1854 Menshikov launched an assault across the   Tchernaya River to the North East of Balaclava with the aim of   capturing the British base. The assault was commanded by his deputy,   General Liprandi. Liprandi crossed the Tractir Bridge across the   river and advanced on the positions held by Turkish troops along the   Causeway Heights. He commanded twenty-five battalions of infantry,   twenty-three squadrons of cavalry, thirteen squadrons of Cossack   light horse and sixty-six guns