One of the most recognized pieces of Japanese art from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji by Hokusai that depicts a huge tidal wave is titled The Great Wave off what place?

Hokusai on ArtStack - art online The Great Wave off Kanagawa In this Japanese name , the family name is Katsushika. Katsushika Hokusai (葛飾 北斎 ? , ( help · info ) , circa October 31, 1760 – May 10, 1849) was a Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period . [1] He was influenced by Sesshu and other styles of Chinese painting . [2] Born in Edo (now Tokyo), Hokusai is best known as author of the woodblock print series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (富嶽三十六景, Fugaku Sanjūroku-kei ? , c. 1831) which includes the internationally iconic print, The Great Wave off Kanagawa , created during the 1820s. Hokusai created the "Thirty-Six Views" both as a response to a domestic travel boom and as part of a personal obsession with Mount Fuji . [3] It was this series, specifically The Great Wave print and Fine Wind, Clear Morning , that secured Hokusai’s fame both in Japan and overseas. As historian Richard Lane concludes, "Indeed, if there is one work that made Hokusai's name, both in Japan and abroad, it must be this monumental print-series". [4] While Hokusai's work prior to this series is certainly important, it was not until this series that he gained broad recognition. [5] Contents 10.2 Biographies Early life and artistic training[ edit ] The Great Wave off Kanagawa , Hokusai's most famous print, the first in the series 36 Views of Mount Fuji Hokusai's date of birth is unclear, but is often stated as the 23rd day of the 9th month of the 10th year of the Hōreki era (in the old calendar , or October 30, 1760) to an artisan family, in the Katsushika district of Edo , Japan. [6] His childhood name was Tokitarō. [7] It is believed his father was the mirror-maker Nakajima Ise, who produced mirrors for the shogun . [7] His father never made Hokusai an heir, so it is possible that his mother was a concubine . [6] Hokusai began painting around the age of six, perhaps learning from his father, whose work on mirrors included painting of designs around mirrors. [6] Hokusai was known by at least thirty names during his lifetime. While the use of multiple names was a common practice of Japanese artists of the time, his number of pseudonyms exceeds that of any other major Japanese artist. Hokusai's name changes are so frequent, and so often related to changes in his artistic production and style, that they are used for breaking his life up into periods. [6] At the age of 12, his father sent him to work in a bookshop and lending library , a popular type of institution in Japanese cities, where reading books made from wood-cut blocks was a popular entertainment of the middle and upper classes. [8] At 14, he worked as an apprentice to a wood-carver, until the age of 18, when he was entered the studio of Katsukawa Shunshō . Shunshō was an artist of ukiyo-e , a style of wood block prints and paintings that Hokusai would master, and head of the so-called Katsukawa school. [7] Ukiyo-e, as practiced by artists like Shunshō, focused on images of the courtesans and Kabuki actors who were popular in Japan's cities at the time. [9] After a year, Hokusai's name changed for the first time, when he was dubbed Shunrō by his master. It was under this name that he published his first prints, a series of pictures of Kabuki actors published in 1779. During the decade he worked in Shunshō's studio, Hokusai was married to his first wife, about whom very little is known except that she died in the early 1790s. He married again in 1797, although this second wife also died after a short time. He fathered two sons and three daughters with these two wives, and his youngest daughter Sakae, also known as Ōi , eventually became an artist. [9] Upon the death of Shunshō in 1793, Hokusai began exploring other styles of art, including European styles he was exposed to through French and Dutch copper engravings he was able to acquire. [9] He was soon expelled from the Katsukawa school by Shunkō, the chief disciple of Shunshō, possibly due to studies at the rival Kanō school . This event was, in his own words, inspirational: "What really motivated the development


Spirits known as loa are appeased by the practitioners of what belief system?

Vodou (Voodoo) Religion Basic Beliefs Read more: Bondye, The Good God The Lwa: Vodouisants also accept the existence of lesser beings, which they call loa or lwa, which are more intimately involved in day-to-day life, (as opposed to Bondye, who is a remote figure). The lwa are frequently invited to possess a believer during ritual so that the community can directly interact with them. The relationship between humans and lwa is a reciprocal one. Believers provide food and other items that appeal to the lwa in exchange for their assistance. Read more: Rada, Petro and the Ghede Families of Lwa Vilokan: Vilokan is the home of the lwa and the deceased. It is commonly described as a submerged and forested island. It is guarded by the lwa Legba , who must be appeased before practitioners can speak to any other Vilokan resident. Read more: Vilokan, the Spirit Realm Animal Sacrifice: A variety of animals might be killed during a Vodou ritual, depending upon the lwa being addressed. It provides spiritual sustenance for the lwa, while the flesh of the animal is then cooked and eaten by participants. Veves: Rituals commonly involve the drawing of certain symbols known as veves with cornmeal or other powder. Each lwa has its own symbol, and some have multiple symbols associated with them. Read more: Gallery of Voodoo Dolls Non-Standardized Practices: There is no standardized dogma within Vodou. Two temples within the same city might therefore teach different mythologies and appeal to the lwa in different ways. As such, the information provided here cannot always reflect the beliefs of all Vodou believers. For example, sometimes lwa are associated with different families, Catholic saints, or veves. Some common variations are included here. History: African slaves brought their native traditions with them when they were forcefully transported to the new world. However, they were generally forbidden from practicing their religion, so they started to equate their gods with Catholic saints and perform their rituals using the items and imagery of the Catholic Church . Relationship with Christianity: If a Vodou practitioner considers himself Christian, he generally professes to be a Catholic Christian , and many Vodou practitioners do also consider themselves Catholics. Some see the saints and spirits to be one and the same, while others even today still hold that the Catholic accouterments are primarily for appearance. Misconceptions: Popular culture has strongly associated Vodou with devil worship, torture, cannibalism and malevolent magical workings. This is largely the product of Hollywood coupled with historical misrepresentations and misunderstandings of the faith. Slave uprisings in Vodou-influenced areas such as Haiti were violent and brutal, and white settlers came to associate the religion with the violence, as well as embrace many unfounded rumors about them.


What is the main feature of Chinese artist Liu Bolin's work?

ArtAsiaPacific: Radical Materiality Installation view of LIU WEI’s “Exotic Lands” (2011–13) and Untitled (2015) for the exhibition “Radical Materiality” at Lehmann Maupin, Hong Kong, 2016. Courtesy Lehmann Maupin.   Radical Materiality Hong Kong China USA Why is materiality important? Besides the form and content of an artwork, the materials that compose an art object reveal a myriad of information, from the artist’s background to their life philosophies. Throughout history, artists experiment with a vast array of materials to construct narratives, as well as to enhance visual experience, pushing boundaries in a radical manner. The group exhibition “Radical Materiality,” situated in the Rem Koolhaas-designed gallery space of Lehmann Maupin in the historic Pedder Building in Hong Kong, features three international artists: Mary Corse, Liu Wei and Nari Ward. Their works all explore the use of unconventional materials. By creating a dialogue centering on the theme of materiality, the show invites visitors to contemplate on the significance of mediums in the art-making process. Upon entering the gallery through a wood-paved corridor, visitors encounter the geometric sculptural works of Beijing-based artist Liu Wei. The artist’s concern about the phenomenon of rapid urbanization in post-Mao China manifests in many of his creations. Liu’s conceptual themes resonate with the experience of urban dwellers, and architectural elements are often found in his art. In his “Exotic Lands” series (2011–13), Liu assembles doors, wood and stainless steel in geometric configurations, with a rectangular door occupying the center of each work. The process of disintegration and construction echoes that of the transplantation of new buildings into developing neighborhoods, causing an alienating effect. The matte pastel hues of the assemblages in the main exhibition area are juxtaposed against his freestanding, shiny metallic sculpture, Untitled (2015), placed nearby. The sculpture consists of mirrors cut and bent in irregular shapes and attached together at various angles on a metal structure. As viewers circumambulate the sculpture, their reflection recalls that which is seen in a carnival house of mirrors. From the distorted images shown in the mirrors, visitors catch a glimpse of Mary Corse’s painting behind them across the gallery space. MARY CORSE, Untitled (White Inner Band, Beveled), 2011, glass microspheres in acrylic on canvas, 243.8 × 182.9 × 10.2 cm. Courtesy the artist and Lehmann Maupin, New York/ Hong Kong.  Los Angeles-based artist Mary Corse creates minimalist paintings, and is associated with the Light and Space movement that emerged in Southern California in the 1960s. The affiliated artists were interested in the way light can be used as a medium; hence, they experimented with industrial technologies to achieve their desired effect, such as materials for aviation and cars. At first glance her two-meter-tall painting, Untitled (White Inner Band, Beveled) (2011), is reminiscent of the white-on-white aesthetics of Russian modern artist Kazimir Malevich’s art. Despite the subtle variations of white dividing the work into three vertical sections, Corse’s painting camouflages against the white wall of the gallery. Yet upon closer examination, reflected light from the surroundings twinkle on the work’s surface, creating an illusion that fluctuates as the perspective changes. The sheer size of the painting contributes to the viewing experience, as if inviting viewers to play hide-and-seek with stars in the Milky Way. Corse’s experiments with the optical and subjectivity started in the late 1960s, which led her to incorporate reflective glass beads into her art practice. Commenting on her works in an interview from 2012, Corse noted: “For me painting has never been about the paint, but what the painting does. I didn’t want to make a picture of light; I wanted to put the actual light in the painting so I searched for materials that would do this.” Back at the Hong Kong show, Jamaican-born New York-based artist Nari Ward is represented


If a Chinese friend brings you a cheongsam or a changshan, what would you do with it?

Who Gets to Wear a Cheongsam? - Racked Who Gets to Wear a Cheongsam? The politics of cultural appropriation get more complicated when you're mixed-race, like me pin The last time I wore a cheongsam, a classmate I'd never spoken to asked what a Mexican girl like me was doing appropriating her culture on Chinese New Year. At 16, I was already used to fielding questions about my identity — but I was taken aback by the accusation. I explained to her that I was biracial, that my mom was from Hong Kong and immigrated to the U.S. in the 1970s. "There's no way you're Chinese," she said. "You don't look it at all." We were both volunteering at a high school luncheon for the Chinese Parents' Association, and a few people turned to look and listen. I was wearing my favorite cheongsam: a sheer black dress covered in colorful embroidery layered over a simple black slip. Normally, the garment made me feel powerful, but suddenly, I felt self-conscious. The girl continued to berate me, asking why I would lie about my ethnicity when I was so obviously Latina. I tried to explain that, contrary to her opinion, I was half Chinese and half mostly Italian. "Well, either you're adopted or someone's been lying to you, because you're definitely not Chinese," she said. I haven't worn a cheongsam since. While it wasn't the first time someone doubted my ethnicity, before then, it hadn't occurred to me I might not be considered "authentic" enough to be Chinese. I began to bargain with myself. At the time, I was reasonably fluent in Mandarin and had been to China multiple times. My mom had sent me to Saturday school as a kid and to language immersion classes as a teenager. Was I not entitled to wear a cheongsam because I was "diluted" by my whiteness? A classmate once asked why I would lie about my ethnicity. I tried to explain that, contrary to her opinion, I was half-Chinese. Aesthetically, few things feel as representative of Chinese culture: Also known as a qipao, the cheongsam is a traditional garment that dates to the Qing Dynasty, but some argue that its roots extend back even further. Made of silk or cotton, it was originally just the female version of the changshan, a long shirt worn by men around the same time. As a  recent exhibit at the Museum of Chinese in America on Shanghai style explains, women chose to wear the cheongsam "because they wanted to look more like men." It was symbolic of the move toward gender equality in China. A more slender fit became popular in the 1920s, with the long, form-fitting dress rising to prominence for its implications of wealth, eventually permeating other social classes and becoming China's national dress in 1929. At the height of its popularity, the cheongsam was worn for both casual and formal occasions, and beloved by celebrities and socialites alike. Nowadays, the cheongsam is more a nod to tradition than an everyday outfit. When I asked my mom about her experience with the dress, she explained that its only real value lies in what it symbolizes. "It's not that comfortable, so obviously with the rise of Western influence in China, people stopped wearing it," she told me. "But on certain occasions, the older generations would wear it for more formal and respectable reasons. And the younger generations would wear it because they liked the idea that it's traditional." "I made you wear it for the same reason: It's important to get the younger generations to take part," she said. "You do it to show you're proud of your culture. I wore my mom's to honor her, and it tickled me that I could fit into it — even though the neck was so tight it was choking me." Asphyxiation aside, it's also not particularly easy to procure one. As my mom explained, it's incredibly difficult to make a cheongsam because of its shape and the way it tapers at the waist. The garment is restrictive and near impossible to move in — but it takes a lot of skill to make something so beautifully constricting. While you can technically buy a cheongsam off the rack, an authentic one is tailor-made. It's designed to fit the wearer perfect


Kamadhenu the wish-granting cow, Kaustubha the jewel, and Parijat the divine flowering tree are some of the items that emerged during what episode of Hindu mythology?

Mantra & Shlokas: Churning of the Ocean in Hindu Mythology Churning of the Ocean in Hindu Mythology Churning of the Ocean in Hindu Mythology by Mantra & shlokas on Thursday, October 21, 2010 at 4:34pm In Hindu Mythology there is a story in which Gods and Demons work together. to churn the Ocean in hope of getting precious Treasures During Churning of oceans first Poison came out which threaten to contaminate every thing. Then Lord Shiva Drank that poison and saved them from the disaster After the poison, Lakshmi (Goddess of prosperity and beauty, Goddess of wine, Moon, Rambha the nymph , White Horse, Kaustubha a jewel, Parijata the Celestial tree, Surabhi the cow of Plenty, Airavata a white elephant, Dhanus a mighty bow, Sankha a conch shell came All these things demons and Gods distributed among themselves. But they didn’t stop here to enjoy all these treasures. They went on and on to churn the ocean till divine nectar (Amrit ) appear. Who ever drank divine nectar became immortal. Through this symbolic story sages are teaching path to enlightenment When we start doing meditation then lots of thoughts come and these thoughts trouble us more. As we go more deep in meditation then all hurtful feelings, anger, hate, jealousy resurface in our mind. This is the Poison which came during the churning of the Ocean After we have accepted all these Hurtful Feelings and we are calmly progressing in meditation. Then Powers arises in a Meditator. But a Meditator need not get stuck at powers and should not use them. Slowly the energy which has manifested in form of Powers will also be used in taking us towards our true nature The Meditator need to go deeper and deeper in to its own being and at Last the nectar comes that is Enlightenment. The symbol Churning of ocean is very meaningful because our unconscious is very deep.From so many lives we are asleep and so many desires we are carrying in it Our Mind is a vast reservoir of memories and desires. So in Meditation we churn our Mind to drink divine the nectar of immortality. Samudra Manthan literally means: The Churning of the Ocean. The story of the Samudra Manthan narrated in the Shrimad Bhaagvad is interesting Let us first understand the terms : Devas and Daityas. Devas Represent 'Good', and Daityas represent 'Evil'. But Hindus believe that the good people have a little of evil in them. Also the evil have some good tendencies in them. It is interesting to note that, it is mentioned in the Bhaagvad that both, Good and Evil or Devas and Daityas are born of the same father. The King of the Devas is called Indra. Once the Sage Durvaasa presented Indra with a garland of flowers. Indra, having become egoistic and insensitive, disrespectfully placed the garland on the tusk of an elephant who trampled it with his feet. If someone treated a gift you gave, like that, you would also be hurt and angry. Durvaasa feeling humiliated cursed Indra that he would lose his power and position. So, Paradise, the Land of the Devas fell into the hands of the Daityas The Devas prayed to the Lord for help. The Lord realized that though the Devas had committed an offence, it was more favorable, in the long run that the Universe should belong to the Devas. But for that victory to come to pass, a Samudra Manthan ('The Churning of the Ocean') had to be performed The Samudra Manthan was not going to be easy, so the Devas had to take the assistance of the Daityas. The nectar that would come out of the Ocean, after all the poison that would emerge first, would make the Devas immortal. For the churning to take place, a big pole was inserted in the Ocean. But no matter what they did, the pole would continue to sink into the Ocean bed. So the Lord took the form of a tortoise. The pole was placed on His back. The latter symbolizes the fact that whatever you undertake to do, its support must be God The rope that was used for the churning is symbolic of the string of co-operation. One end of the rope was manipulated by the Devas and the other end by the


The distinctive wooden carved and bright red colored Dala horses are associated with which country?

Bittersweet Bric-a-Brac: August 2011 Bakeware-  an 8" X 8" pan, a 9" X 13" pan, and a 10" pie plate. More bakeware-  A large "Swirl" mixing bowl, and a rolling pin. A scalloped "Cake Plate" or serving plate. My favorite Jade-ite pattern-  "Jane Ray," has the small lines on all of the pieces. I have been able to acquire a large enough set to serve my family of four, with a few extras.  I just love the shine.  My husband is not so thrilled that they must be hand washed! "Restaurantware-        Fire King's Jadeite glass was a staple in cafes and restaurants in the 1940s and 1950s. Prized by restaurant owners for its  durability and light weight, not to mention its affordability, Jadeite plates, bowls, saucers and cups were produced by Anchor Hocking as restaurant ware for decades." Restaurantware is a bit chunkier that the other patterns and is very smooth.  The mugs shown above have the "D" handle.  The "C" handled mugs are more collectible.  I always picture Robert Redford in "The Sting" when he is in the diner, having the "Blue plate Special", and can only fit one finger in the mug handle while drinking his coffee. One of the Fire King marks, without the anchor and H. These dishes are from the "Charm" pattern line.  All of the pieces in this pattern are square shaped. A 2 quart casserole dish-  I suspect this is a reproduction, but am not sure. A serving platter in the Jane Ray pattern, and a refrigerator storage dish without its lid. A grill plate....I love these! My latest find is this butter dish, which I found at an antique store for a very nice price.  It is marked Fire King on the bottom. It has been fun looking for and collecting Jade-ite, and even more fun using it.  Enjoy these last few days of summer...fall it on its way! Cookie Cutters.....yes, more Cookie Cutters! About 2 months ago, on June 11, we traveled to Duluth, Minnesota to attend my niece's wedding.  It was a beautiful wedding in Leif Erikson Park overlooking Lake Superior.  My niece and her new husband decided to use the colors of the peacock for their wedding colors.  Peacock feathers were in all of the table decorations and corsages.  The arrangements were beautiful; peacock feathers mixed with wild flowers, pink calla lilies, and snake grass.  So unique!  The colors were vibrant, the bridesmaid's dresses were so pretty with matching shawls, and the bride was absolutely beautiful...all this from an unbiased aunt!  Oh, and yes, the groom was very handsome, too. Our family always has a "family wedding shower" for anyone getting married.  It is a fun get together where everyone is invited, we have lots of good food,  the  engaged couple opens gifts, and there's lots of talking and catching up.  But, my niece lives a few states away and is a teacher.  She just couldn't get away in the middle of the school year for a trip to have her shower.  Also, she needed her spring break for wedding preparations.  So, she asked if we could have the shower after her wedding, during the summer.  Which is what we did.  Her husband is a baseball fan, so the night before the shower, we included a game at Tiger Stadium, (officially called Comerica Park), and had 35 family members in one of the party suites.  My nephew is a Twins fan, but I think he was able to cheer for the Tigers for one night.  It was hot, but it was lots of fun!!! The next day, we had their wedding shower at my cousin's home,  the official party house!  My shower duties (that I volunteered for) included:  making the invitations, bringing homemade jam for party gifts (surprisingly, quite a few of us make jam and we had a nice selection), bring 2 kinds of salad, 4 dozen hard rolls, Chocolate Trifle, "Opera in the Park" Raspberry Bars, and sugar cookies.  I really wanted to make sugar cookies and decorate them with the "Peacock Theme" in mind. My Cookie Cutter collection does not include Peacocks, so I had to purchase a couple of new cutters.  The cutters I used included:  (Top L to R) Paisley or teardrop, bridal gown, scalloped oval, (Bottom L to R)  Bird, and Peacock. Voila...decorated sugar c


A 1480s painting by Albertus Pictor in Täby Church located north of Stockholm that inspired a film director depicts a man playing chess with whom?

Ingmar Bergman movies, The Seventh Seal  | worldculturalcenter Ingmar Bergman movies, The Seventh Seal Posted on July 24, 2013 by worldculturalcenter As I said at the beginning of this month, the great Swedish director Ingmar Bergman is the man of this month. I am going to start to write about “The Seventh Seal” and “Wilde Strawberries”, both films were filmed in 1957 and in my opinion, both films are two great masterpieces of international cinema.   I am going to start with “The Seventh Seal” (Det sjunde inseglet).   These are some different movie posters of “The Seventh Seal”.   “The Seventh Seal” is the first film of Ingmar Bergman that I saw and I got very impressed with it.  It is my favorite film of Ingmar Bergman. It stars Max von Sydow, Gunnar Björnstrand, Bengt Ekerot and Bibi Andersson and Nils Poppe. Ingmar Bergman developed the film from his own play Wood Painting. The title refers to a passage from the Book of Revelation, used both at the very start of the film, and again towards the end, beginning with the words “And when the Lamb had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour”.[Rev. 8:1] Here the motif of silence refers to the “silence of God” which is a major theme of the film. The film starts with the return of a disillusioned knight Antonius Block (Max von Sydow) and his squire Jöns (Gunnar Björnstrand)  after fighting in the the crusades and find Sweden being ravaged by the plague. On the beach immediately after their arrival, Block encounters Death (Bengt Ekerot), personified as a pale, black-cowled figure resembling a monk.     Block, in the middle of a chess game he has been playing alone, challenges Death to a chess match, believing that he can forestall his demise as long as the game continues. Death agrees, and they start a new game.     The other characters in the story do not see Death, and when the chess board comes out at various times in the story, they believe Block is continuing his habit of playing alone. Block and Jöns head for Block’s castle. Along the way, they pass some actors, Jof (Nils Poppe) and his wife Mia (Bibi Andersson), with their baby son, Mikael, and their actor-manager, Skat. Jof has visions, but Mia is skeptical. The knight and the squire enter a church where a fresco of the Dance of Death is being painted. Jöns draws a small figure representing himself. Block goes to the confessional where he is joined by Death in the robe of a priest, to whom he admits that his life has been futile and without meaning, but that he wants to perform “one meaningful deed.” Upon revealing the chess strategy that will save his life, Block discovers that the priest is Death, who promises to remember the tactics. Leaving the church, Block speaks to a young woman who has been condemned to be burnt alive for supposedly consorting with the devil. Shortly thereafter, Jöns searches an abandoned village for water. He saves a servant girl (Gunnel Lindblom) from being raped by a man robbing a corpse. He recognises the man as Raval, a theologian, who ten years prior had convinced Antonius to leave his wife and join a crusade to the Holy Land. Jöns promises to brand Raval on the face if they meet again. The girl joins Jöns. The trio ride into town, where the little acting troupe is performing. Skat introduces Jof and Mia to the crowd, then is enticed by Lisa, the blacksmith’s wife, away for a tryst. They run off together. Jof and Mia’s performance is interrupted by the arrival of a procession of flagellants. At a public house, Jof comes across Raval. Raval forces Jof to dance on the tables like a bear. Jöns appears and, true to his word, slices Raval’s face. Block enjoys a country picnic of milk and wild strawberries gathered by Mia. Block says: “I’ll carry this memory between my hands as if it were bowl filled to the brim with fresh milk…And it will be an adequate sign – it will be enough for me.” He invites the actors to his castle, where they will be safer from the plague. Along the way, they come across Skat and Lisa in the forest. Lisa, dissatisfied with S


The Roman Empire themed Caesers Palace casino in Las Vegas features an indulgent buffet that has what appropriate 'festive' name?

2016/17 Qantas Holidays America & Canada by Qantas Holidays - issuu issuu Welcome to AMERICA & CANADA Qantas Holidays can take you there! Qantas Holidays’ accommodation ratings These Qantas Holidays’ ratings are provided as a guide only and may alter throughout the year due to a change of circumstance. Ratings may also vary from room to room. Please remember these are Qantas Holidays’ views and are not related to any other rating system. TTTTT  Deluxe property, providing international standards of accommodation, cuisine, facilities and outstanding service. TTTT Superior property, providing well-appointed rooms, a wide range of facilities and a high standard of service. A memorable experience. TTT Standard property, providing comfortable rooms, pleasant service and adequate facilities. TT  Moderate accommodation with comfortable furnishings and facilities. LUXURY A collection of properties which are unique and different, offering outstanding service and amenities. Qantas Holidays’ accommodation information Check-in/check-out time: Whilst times can change from property to property the standard check-in time is 2.00pm with check-out at 10.00am. Please check before booking. Accommodation features: All the room features shown in this brochure relate to the standard or basic room category. People per room: The number of people permitted in the room is shown for each room category. Please check before booking. People with a disability: Some properties provide a range of facilities for people with a disability. Run of house: This is the term used for the best available room which will be provided to you at time of check-in. Accommodation and itinerary changes: While we make every effort to provide correct information in this brochure, individual operators reserve the right to make changes to itineraries and property facilities. If at all possible, we’ll advise you of any changes at the time of booking. Symbols Throughout the brochure you will also find a great range of accommodation that includes family-friendly options, free WiFi, disabled facilities and 24 hour check-in. Check out the symbols below and keep an eye out for them throughout the brochure. NOTE: These special offers are generally not combinable. Only one offer per booking applies and stays must be on consecutive nights. Check with your travel consultant before booking. Accommodation F F amily friendly: Hotels offering great children’s facilities including kids’ clubs, family rooms, babysitting, child menus, highchairs and cots. A D WiFi: Hotels offering free WiFi access throughout the hotel. Check with the hotel for full details. Disabled facilities: Hotels offering in-room disabled facilities. Flagstaff Arizona, ©Tom Alexander Photography Packages, tours and sightseeing X Exciting activities to get your heart racing. to shopping in local markets, malls or n Dedicated outlets. Just bring your cash or credit card! Gastronomical experience ahead - enjoy local food q  or learn how to cook like the locals. See amazing wildlife and experience their natural W  habitat. Iconic s  tours of ‘must-do’ destinations. C O N T EN TS Welcome  Flying to America and Canada  Planning your holiday 2 4 5 AMERICA  Car hire  Motorcycle hire 6 8 10 The West Southern California  12 Universal Studios  13 Anaheim and Los Angeles sightseeing  14 Anaheim  17 DisneylandÂ Resort  18 Orange County Beaches  27 Los Angeles  28 San Diego  34 California Coast  36 San Francisco  37 Las Vegas  41 West - Parks, Lakes and Canyons  48 Seattle and Regional West 50 The South Texas  Dallas  Fort Worth  New Orleans  South - Memphis, Nashville and Atlanta 51 52 53 54 55 The East New York City  Washington DC  Boston  Chicago  Orlando  Walt Disney World Resort  Miami 56 62 63 64 65 66 72 Amtrak Self-drive 74 Coach touring - The West and East  75 Coach touring - The East and South  76 Premium escorted touring 77 CANADA  Rocky Mountaineer Touring Vancouver  Victoria  Whistler and Regional BC Calgary  The Rockies  Toronto  Niagara Falls  Ottawa and Montreal Quebec


What Hindu pilgrimage that takes place every twelve years in which people participate in ritual purification in rivers (mainly the Ganges) is said to be among the largest gatherings of humanity?

Kumbh Mela - Knowledge Must Kumbh Mela - Knowledge Must Show related SlideShares at end WordPress Shortcode Published on Mar 23, 2010 The Kumbh Mela is held in rotation among four holy places: Allahabad, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nasik. In 2010, the Kumbh Mela returned to Haridwar, where millions and millions of pilgrims come to participate. The Kumbh Mela draws an incredible spectrum of humanity: yogis from the Himalayas and Sikhs from the Punjab, peasants and businessmen, sannyasis and politicians. In Haridwar, the riverside steps at Har Ki Pauri, where Vishnu left his footprint and the Ganges leaves the Himalayas, provides the setting for the Mela. ...


The artist Lee Krasner who used to cut her own paintings to create collages was married to which other artist?

Lee Krasner Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works | The Art Story Like The Art Story on Facebook Follow The Art Story on Google+ "I happened to be Mrs. Jackson Pollock and that's a mouthful.. I was a woman, Jewish, a widow, a damn good painter, thank you, and a little too independent." Synopsis An ambitious and important artist in New York City during Abstract Expressionism's heyday, Lee Krasner's own career often was compromised by her role as supportive wife to Jackson Pollock, arguably the most significant postwar American painter, as well as by the male-dominated art world. Krasner was intimately involved in the synthesis of abstract form and psychological content, which announced the advent of Abstract Expressionism. Her desire to revise her aesthetic or what she called "breaks," led to her innovative Little Imageseries of the late 1940s, her bold collages of the 1950s, and, later, her large canvases, brilliant with color, of the 1960s. Krasner was "rediscovered" by feminist art historians during the 1970s and lived to see a greater recognition of her art and career, which continues to grow to this day. Key Ideas Krasner was a key transitional figure within abstraction, who connected early-twentieth-century art with the new ideas of postwar America. Inspired by artist Piet Mondrian's "grid," Krasner helped devise the "all-over" technique, which in turn influenced Pollock's revolutionary "drip paintings." Krasner was remarkable for her artistic versatility and advanced skill, which, coupled with her intensive training in art theory, enabled her to revise her style and technique multiple times over the course of her career. Krasner purposefully initiated these "breaks" in order to distance herself from such artists as Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, whose work she found too "rigid" and repetitive, and also to express herself more fully. Krasner's incredibly high standards led her to cut up her older canvases that she found lacking. She recycled and reconfigured these scraps and pieces as collages, a practice that suggests that she was inspired by the work of Henri Matisse, whose work also inspired her colorful, decorative, large paintings of the 1960s. Because she reused her earlier canvases in this way, only a small body of Krasner's early work remains. Most Important Art Composition (1949) During the mid to late 1940s, Krasner worked hard to undo her Cubist orientation and to more fully express her inner self. This work is part of the Little Image series of 31 paintings (1946-50) that represent her first all-over abstractions. With these paintings, Krasner expanded the visual vocabulary of Abstract Expressionism. Taking her start from Pollock, she worked more directly from instinct, but painted in a state of "controlled chaos." The series' title most likely came from her new small studio, out in the Springs, located in a small bedroom in the upstairs of the home she shared with Pollock; he commanded the large barn on their property. Krasner's painting demonstrates the expressive power of small, intricate lines and gestures as opposed to the mural-sized paintings of Newman and Pollock. This series was unique in her career since this was the only time she worked looking down on her canvas, dripping paint, rather than situated on an upright easel. Brightly colored with thickly textured surfaces, Krasner tightly controlled the drips she applied, which is evident in the white lines and drawings that cover the underlying support. The painting's overlapping skeins of white paint form tightly controlled small units that shimmer on the painting's surface. These small forms echo ancient picture-writing systems, and may relate to Jewish mysticism and the Kabalah. This deep connection to her inner-self and all-over covering of the canvas stand as key turning points in her career. Oil on canvas - Philadelphia Museum of Art Like The Art Story on Facebook Biography Childhood Lee Krasner was the sixth of seven children born to Russian-Jewish immigrants on October 27, 1908, who emigrated from Bessarabia. Growing up in immigrant, Jew


In folklore, what did the 16th century raabi Judah Loew ben Bezalel create to defend the Prague ghetto from antisemitic attacks?

Golem Golem A Prague reproduction of the Golem. In Jewish folklore , a golem (; Hebrew : גולם) is an animated anthropomorphic being that is magically created entirely from inanimate matter (specifically clay or mud). The word was used to mean an amorphous, unformed material in Psalms and medieval writing. [1] The most famous golem narrative involves Judah Loew ben Bezalel , the late-16th-century rabbi of Prague . There are many tales differing on how the golem was brought to life and afterward controlled. Contents History Etymology The word golem occurs once in the Bible in Psalm 139:16 , which uses the word גלמי (galmi; my golem), [2] that means “my light form”, “raw” material, [3] connoting the unfinished human being before God’s eyes. [2] The Mishnah uses the term for an uncultivated person: “Seven characteristics are in an uncultivated person, and seven in a learned one,” (שבעה דברים בגולם) ( Pirkei Avot 5:6 in the Hebrew text; English translations vary). In Modern Hebrew , golem is used to mean “dumb” or “helpless”. Similarly, it is often used today as a metaphor for a brainless lunk or entity who serves man under controlled conditions but is hostile to him under others. “Golem” passed into Yiddish as goylem to mean someone who is clumsy or slow. Earliest stories The oldest stories of golems date to early Judaism. In the Talmud (Tractate Sanhedrin 38b), Adam was initially created as a golem (גולם) when his dust was “kneaded into a shapeless husk”. Like Adam, all golems are created from mud by those close to divinity, but no anthropogenic golem is fully human. Early on, the main disability of the golem was its inability to speak. Sanhedrin 65b describes Rava creating a man (gavra). He sent the man to Rav Zeira . Rav Zeira spoke to him, but he did not answer. Rav Zeira said, “You were created by the sages; return to your dust”. During the Middle Ages , passages from the Sefer Yetzirah (Book of Creation) were studied as a means to create and animate a golem, although there is little in the writings of Jewish mysticism that supports this belief. It was believed that golems could be activated by an ecstatic experience induced by the ritualistic use of various letters of the Hebrew Alphabet [1] forming a “ shem ” (any one of the Names of God ), wherein the shem was written on a piece of paper and inserted in the mouth or in the forehead of the golem. [4] A golem is inscribed with Hebrew words in some tales (for example, some versions of Chełm and Prague, as well as in Polish tales and versions of Brothers Grimm ), such as the word emet (אמת, “truth” in Hebrew) written on its forehead. The golem could then be deactivated by removing the aleph (א) in emet, [5] thus changing the inscription from “truth” to “death” (met מת, meaning “dead”). Other versions add that an entity of clay would be brought to life by placing into his mouth a shem with a magic formula, and it could later be immobilized by pulling out the shem [6] or by reversing the creative combinations. Rabbi Jacob ben Shalom arrived at Barcelona from Germany in 1325 and remarked that the law of destruction is the reversal of the law of creation. [7] Joseph Delmedigo informs us in 1625 that “many legends of this sort are current, particularly in Germany”. [8] The earliest known written account of how to create a golem can be found in Sodei Razayya by Eleazar ben Judah of Worms (1165–1230). The Golem of Chełm The oldest description of the creation of a golem by a historical figure is included in a tradition connected to Rabbi Eliyahu of Chełm (1550–1583). [1] [2] [8] [9] A Polish Kabbalist , writing in about 1630–1650, reported the creation of a golem by Rabbi Eliyahu thus: “And I have heard, in a certain and explicit way, from several respectable persons that one man [living] close to our time, whose name is R. Eliyahu, the master of the name, who made a creature out of matter [Heb. Golem] and form [Heb. tzurah] and it performed hard work for him, for a long period, and the name of emet was hanging upon his neck, until he finally removed it for a certain reason, t


O'zapft is! What is the better known name of the annual celebration called by the locals as 'Wiesn' referring to the grounds where it is held?

Napier Natter Hallo Napier The Soapbox At least two people have spoken to me in the last               two days and asked whether the next edition of the               Natter is going to be all about the spate of restaurant               renovations and openings taking place in our town.               When I asked why, I was told some locals are a little               tired of nothing else but, yes you guessed it, the               spate of restaurant renovations and openings … blah blah blah! (…and don’t forget I own               one of them!!) Well, I had considering highlighting a few of the               changes, but in light of the above comments decided               the issue of the Crime Watch was perhaps a little               more pertinent. So… no more about restaurant               renovations and openings in the Natter – plenty               to read about in the ‘Dorp Life!’ (including               MINE!) Remember the march on the Police Station last year?               The subsequent meeting(s) at the Grobbelaar Hall?               It seems that, after a lot of hard work by a few local               residents like Peter Borgstrom, Eddie Cassani, Carol               Cooper and others, the Neighbourhood Watch is finally               coming to fruition. A plan of action is now in place               and final implementation is imminent. It’s really all about a multi tiered ‘pyramid’ system. Groups of home owners/occupants will have               a street representative (who will in turn report to               an area representative (the town will be divided up               into seven area’s). He or she will then report               to a co-coordinator. Simplistically put – everyone               will have a list of tel no’s and emergency info               of the people around them and the street representatives               will be responsible for collecting the data. The idea, simply put, is to make ourselves aware               of not only our own homes, but also those around us.               Should we see or hear anything out of the ordinary,               we will all have access to details of the home or               person involved. Expect a visit from your street representative               soon – he or she will be compiling the data               list as above. We ask that you please take this initiative               seriously as this could help to reduce crime and ensure               that each of us can sleep a little safer at night. …and on the subject of safety and security,               there are now 3 types of re-chargeable, hand held,               Tazser’s/Led Torch units, with pouch, available               at Cow an’ Bell Gift shop (Cowan’s               Properties). Ideal as a protection deterrent, for               any form of self defensive. Stormsvlei, The                   Crossing by Frank de Villiers Stormsvlei is just one of those places you                   pass on a journey to and from your destination,                   just another bunch of nondescript old buildings                   under some trees. You may have even stopped                   there once, for a cup of coffee at the restaurant. Stormsvlei actually has a unique past in                   that it owes its existence to being a place                   where wagons could safely get across the Sonderend


The myths contained in the texts Kojiki and Nihan Shoki are the inspiration behind the practices of what belief system?

Kojiki Kojiki Part of a series on Shinto Mythical creatures Kojiki (古事記, “Records of Ancient Matters” or “An Account of Ancient Matters”), also known as Furukotofumi, [1] is the oldest extant chronicle in Japan , dating from the early 8th century (711–712) and composed by Ō no Yasumaro at the request of Empress Gemmei . [2] The Kojiki is a collection of myths concerning the origin of the four home islands of Japan, and the Kami . Along with the Nihon Shoki , the myths contained in the Kojiki are part of the inspiration behind many practices. Later, the myths were re-appropriated for Shinto practices including the misogi purification ritual. [3] [4] [5] [6] Contents 7 External links Structure The Kojiki contains various songs/poems. While the historical records and myths are written in a form of Chinese with a heavy mixture of Japanese elements, the songs are written with Chinese characters that are only used to convey sounds. This special use of Chinese characters is called Man’yōgana , a knowledge of which is critical to understanding these songs, which are written in Old Japanese . Sections The Kojiki is divided into three parts: the Kamitsumaki (上巻 “first volume”), the Nakatsumaki (中巻, “middle volume”) and the Shimotsumaki (下巻, “lower volume”). The Kamitsumaki, also known as the Kamiyo no Maki (神代巻, “Volume of the Age of the Gods”), includes the preface of the Kojiki, and is focused on the deities of creation and the births of various deities of the kamiyo period, or Age of the Gods . The Kamitsumaki also outlines the myths concerning the foundation of Japan. It describes how Ninigi-no-Mikoto , grandson of Amaterasu and great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu , descended from heaven to Takachihonomine in Kyūshū and became the progenitor of the Japanese imperial line. [4] [6] [7] The Nakatsumaki begins with the story of Emperor Jimmu , the first Emperor , and his conquest of Japan, and ends with the 15th Emperor, Emperor Ōjin . The second through ninth emperors’ reigns are recorded in a minimum of detail, with only their names, the names of their various descendants, and the place-names of their palaces and tombs listed, and no mention of their achievements. Many of the stories in this volume are mythological, and the allegedly historical information in them is highly suspect. Recent studies support the view that these emperors were invented to push Jimmu’s reign further back to the year 660 BC. The Shimotsumaki covers the 16th to 33rd emperors and, unlike previous volumes, has very limited references to the interactions with deities. These interactions are very prominent in the first and second volumes. Information about the 24th to the 33rd emperors are largely missing, as well. Study of the Kojiki Kojiki-den by Motoori Norinaga In the Edo period , Motoori Norinaga studied the Kojiki intensively. He produced a 44-volume study of the Kojiki called Kojiki-den (古事記伝, “Kojiki commentary”). English language translations Chamberlain, Basil Hall . 1882. A translation of the “Ko-ji-ki” or Records of ancient matters. Yokohama, Japan: R. Meiklejohn and Co., Printers. (www.sacred-texts.com) Philippi, Donald L. 1968/1969. Kojiki. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press and Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. (ISBN 978-0691061603 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ]) Heldt, Gustav. 2014. The Kojiki: An Account of Ancient Matters. New York: Columbia University Press. (ISBN 978-0-231-16389-7 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ]) Manuscripts There are two major branches of Kojiki manuscripts: Ise and Urabe. The extant Urabe branch consists of 36 existing manuscripts all based on the 1522 copies by Urabe Kanenaga. The Ise branch may be subdivided into the Shinpukuji-bon (真福寺本) manuscript of 1371–1372 and the Dōka-bon (道果本) manuscripts. The Dōka sub-branch consists of: the Dōka-bon (道果本) manuscript of 1381; only the first half of the first volume remains the Dōshō-bon (道祥本) manuscript of 1424; only the first volume remains, and there are many defects the Shun’yu-bon (春瑜本) manuscript of 1426; one volume The Shinpukuji-bon manuscript (1371–1372) is the oldest e


In response to a request by Gypsy Rose Lee, what term for a striptease performer was coined by the H. L. Mencken after he channeled his inner Greek and thought of invertebrate molting?

University Diaries From today’s Washington Post : Dear Miss Manners: I am a student at a large university, and thus most of my communication with professors (for better or for worse) is done in writing (via e-mail). I find myself over and over in the same predicament as to how to address my professors. When initiating contact, I always greet the professor with "Dear Dr. Jack Jones." However, more often than not the professor will respond to my message with "Dear Seth . . . Sincerely, Jack." What is the correct way for me to respond that is neither haughty nor rude? Should I continue to use the professor's full name and title in my future correspondence, or should I assume that by using only their first name, they are inviting me to do the same? ****************************************** They are inviting you to think of them as your equals and your friends, but Miss Manners advises you not to count on such pals to be good to you at grade time. Rather than mistaking a posture intended to make themselves feel young as a personal gesture, she would suggest continuing to address them by the title of professor or doctor, whichever is more used in your university (and the first name should be omitted from the salutation). It’s a small subject, maybe, but one to which I’ve given some thought. First: I’m pleased that students virtually always write Dear Professor Soltan in emails (I’ve never gotten Dear Dr. Margaret Soltan -- that sounds weird). As our email relationship heats up, the student will often shorten things to Professor, or Prof Soltan, which I also like. Some students will start our email idyll with Hello, which is fine as well. Wild hairy hippie students, for whom I have a soft spot, will sometimes go right to Hey. Or Hey! Miss Manners would be appalled, but I don’t mind. Second: When I respond, I sign myself Margaret Soltan, or, if we’re a little more intime, Margaret S. Virtually never Margaret. Most students continue to address me, in further emails, as Professor. To be sure, most of my activities at this point in my life are pathetic efforts to make myself feel young, so Miss Manners must be right that my disinclination to sign myself Professor Soltan is part of that whole thing. What it mainly feels like to me, though, is my all-American skittishness when it comes to formal titles. Having spent time in Europe, I’m phobic about the slightest chance of being confused with horrific Dottoressas. Get behind GM’s Fuel Price Protection Program, a just-announced gas subsidy for owners of Tahoes, Suburbans, Yukons, and Hummers. Posted at: 5/31/2006 01:03:00 PM Blurb Without a Content After lunch with a student yesterday, UD trudged in the already hellish heat to her local Borders and bought Harry Lewis's Excellence Without a Soul : How a Great University Forgot Education. She has now read twenty-seven pages. It's not looking good. Start with the blurbs on the crimson and gold back cover. Many of les blurbistes agree that Harry Lewis is "brave" and courageous." Under no circumstances is the writing of a book by a tenured American professor an act of bravery. Whenever UD reads that an artist who has done something anti-bourgeois, or a tenured professor who has written something shocking, is "brave," she wants to hurl. Harvard professors like Andrei Shleifer can defraud the United States government and cost Harvard tens of millions in fines and themselves have to pay millions in fines and not only retain their tenure but retain their named chairs. Publishing a book, even a book critical of Harvard, cannot be a brave act if there aren't any remotely conceivable negative consequences. This use of the word "courageous" is of course meant to give the vaguely perusing Borders customer a reason to buy Lewis's book -- the drama of the word conveys an exciting interior. ... Yet if the peruser were to look with a little more care at the content of some of the blurbs, she'd know better (UD knew better, but bought the book because she's got this blog about universities...). Here's one from The Reverend Theodore M. Hesbur


The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis explored in the award winning 1966 novel Babel-17 states that human thought is strongly influenced by what?

Robert A. Heinlein:  Quotes, Life, Works, Views, Influence, Inventions Presaged, Bibliography, and a  List of Books by Author Robert A. Heinlein Quotes    more ï¿½    ï¿½ less "A competent and self-confident person is incapable of jealousy in anything. Jealousy is invariably a symptom of neurotic insecurity.""A society that gets rid of all its troublemakers goes downhill.""An armed society is a polite society. Manners are good when one may have to back up his acts with his life.""Anyone who considers protocol unimportant has never dealt with a cat.""Be wary of strong drink. It can make you shoot at tax collectors... and miss.""Being right too soon is socially unacceptable.""By cultivating the beautiful we scatter the seeds of heavenly flowers, as by doing good we cultivate those that belong to humanity.""Don't ever become a pessimist... a pessimist is correct oftener than an optimist, but an optimist has more fun, and neither can stop the march of events.""Don't handicap your children by making their lives easy.""Everything is theoretically impossible, until it is done.""For me, politeness is a sine qua non of civilization.""I am free because I know that I alone am morally responsible for everything I do. I am free, no matter what rules surround me. If I find them tolerable, I tolerate them; if I find them too obnoxious, I break them. I am free because I know that I alone am morally responsible for everything I do.""I don't see how an article of clothing can be indecent. A person, yes.""I never learned from a man who agreed with me.""It is a truism that almost any sect, cult, or religion will legislate its creed into law if it acquires the political power to do so.""It's an indulgence to sit in a room and discuss your beliefs as if they were a juicy piece of gossip.""Love is that condition in which the happiness of another person is essential to your own... Jealousy is a disease, love is a healthy condition. The immature mind often mistakes one for the other, or assumes that the greater the love, the greater the jealousy.""May you live as long as you wish and love as long as you live.""Never insult anyone by accident.""Never underestimate the power of human stupidity.""Never worry about theory as long as the machinery does what it's supposed to do.""No statement should be believed because it is made by an authority.""One man's "magic" is another man's engineering. "Supernatural" is a null word.""One man's theology is another man's belly laugh.""One of the sanest, surest, and most generous joys of life comes from being happy over the good fortune of others.""Political tags - such as royalist, communist, democrat, populist, fascist, liberal, conservative, and so forth - are never basic criteria. The human race divides politically into those who want people to be controlled and those who have no such desire.""Sex without love is merely healthy exercise.""The difference between science and the fuzzy subjects is that science requires reasoning while those other subjects merely require scholarship.""The supreme irony of life is that hardly anyone gets out of it alive.""The universe never did make sense; I suspect it was built on government contract.""Theology is never any help; it is searching in a dark cellar at midnight for a black cat that isn't there. Theologians can persuade themselves of anything.""There is no way that writers can be tamed and rendered civilized or even cured. the only solution known to science is to provide the patient with an isolation room, where he can endure the acute stages in private and where food can be poked in to him with a stick.""They didn't want it good, they wanted it Wednesday.""To be matter-of-fact about the world is to blunder into fantasy - and dull fantasy at that, as the real world is strange and wonderful.""When a place gets crowded enough to require ID's, social collapse is not far away. It is time to go elsewhere. The best thing about space travel is that it made it possible to go elsewhere.""When any government, or any church for that matter, undertakes to say to its subjects,


What invention of Mary Quant whose users were subject to raids by the moral police in the 60s was named after her favourite make of car?

Chapter 5 - An Englishman's Favourite bits of England An Englishman's Favourite bits of England Hauntings of Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England Famous Hauntings of England Mrs Duncan – The Last Witch to be Tried in England Is This Proof of Reincarnation? Wymering Manor House – The Most Haunted House in England Stonehenge and It's Eerie Past City of Bath, England – History and Ghosts List of Spooky and Ghostly IOW Hauntings James Herbert OBE – English Iconic Horror Author Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley– English Iconic Author Sir Michael Caine - English Iconic Actor Sir Henry Irving – Iconic English Actor Manager James Bond 007 – British Icon Dr. Who - A British TV Icon Sir Rex Harrison - English Iconic Actor Sir John Mills - English Iconic Actor Sir Norman Wisdom – Comic Actor and Singer 7th Century to Swinging Naughties - British Icons Swinging Sixties – British Fashion Designers Swinging Sixties ( London ) – British Iconic Music The New Romantics – 1980's London Music World's First Football Chant – by Edward Elgar Village of Wenlock, England – A Modern Olympic Games – 1850 Sir Isaac Newton – Iconic Scientist Charles Darwin 1809 – 1882 Lady Godiva (1040-1080 AD) – An English Icon English Spa Towns – Iconic Places Edward Somerset – English Inventor of The First Steam Engine 1653 The First Steam Locomotive – England 1804 Howard Carter – The Discoverer of Tutankhamen Sir Henry Wood – The Last Night Of The Proms Hauntings and History of Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England Many years ago I worked at Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England and as its history is very interesting I thought I would write about it's fun history. The Royal Hospital Haslar began as a Royal Navy hospital in 1753. It has a long and distinguished history in the medical care of service personnel in peacetime and in war. The buildings were designed by Theodore Jacobsen and built from 1746 and completed in 1762. St Luke's Chapel was added in 1762 and later still, a landing stage was added so troops could reach the hospital directly from ships. Haslar was the biggest hospital and the largest brick building in England when it was built. The hospital included an asylum for sailors with psychiatric disorders and an early superintending psychiatrist was the phrenologist, William Scott, a member of the influential Edinburgh Phrenological Society. James Lind at Haslar Hospital 1758-1774 played a large part in discovering a cure for scurvy, not least through his pioneering use of a double blind trial of vitamin C supplements. Ghosts of RNH Haslar A lot of poltergeist activity has been reported in the galley. According to a clairvoyant who worked in the hospital there are three ghosts occupying the kitchen area and many more around the hospital. 1) Michael Connelly, an Irishman who apparently likes the cooking.  'Michael' apparently like to let the galley workers know that they are there. It has been reported that all the files in the office have been tipped on the floor several times by unexplained means, and witnesses have claimed that the taps have turned on by themselves. The radio has apparently turned itself down. 2) An angry man called Derek who appears to have died from stab wounds. 'Derek' and The evening supervisor has reported that cutlery has been thrown around and it has also been claimed by witnesses that the kettle has switched itself on and that doors have opened by themselves 3) A woman called Margaret who haunts the spiral staircase. She is believed to have tripped over something before the stairs were built and died as a result. One of the Wardroom stewards claimed to have met 'Margaret' a few years ago walking up the spiral staircase. She said she met an elderly woman coming down and, thinking she was lost the steward asked her if she needed some help. However, the woman had vanished. 4) There is also a spirit who inhabits the old Senior Rates Mess. Several people have claimed that some parts of the galley are bitterly cold where the rest of it is warm; another favourite trick of all the ghosts is leaving puddles of water on the floor. Many member


Treskilling Yellow from Sweden, Bull's Eye from Brazil, Inverted Jenny from the United States, Basel Dove from Switzerland and Benjamin Franklin Z Grill from the United States are some of the famous specimens of what?

List of postage stamps List of postage stamps Red Revenues – 1897 provisionals, issued by the Qing dynasty Big Dragon stamp – the first official Chinese stamps, issued by the Qing dynasty The Whole Country is Red – 1968 design error stamp Hong Kong Hong Kong Jubilee 1891 – First overprinted commemorative stamp in the world (Commons Image) George VI – Queen Elizabeth Silver Jubilee 1948 Finland Finland 20k black stamped envelope – Most valuable postal stationery France Ceres – France’s first stamp One franc vermilion Baden 9 Kreuzer error – stamp printed on blue-green instead of pink paper One kreuzer black – issued 1849 in Bavaria, first German postage stamp Sachsen 3 Pfennige red – Saxony was the second German state to issue postage stamps Saxony 1/2g on light blue paper error Vineta provisional – an unauthorised issue Yacht issue – a common design of postage stamps for the German colonies Honduras Black Honduras ( ru ) – Black airmail overprint (two currently known) India Duttia – 2 annas with red seal (1894?), a possibly unique Indian Feudatory State stamp Ireland Tuscany 4-crazie Lion inverted tablet – Unique error Italy General Balbo triptych Japan 500m Dragon invert Libya “Khadafi” 1986 – Ordinary set of 12 stamps; error in design resulted in its withdraw from circulation hours after being issued on 1 January 1986 “Khadafi Prize” 1994 – Minisheet of 16 stamps; errors in design resulted in them not being released and instead substituted with a correct minisheet on 31 December 1994 Malta Saint Paul 10s black (1919) – Malta’s most expensive stamp Mauritius Mauritius “Post Office” stamps The Netherlands Wilhelmina 5 cent orange (1891) – Creation of Carl Gietzelt, an employee of Joh. Enschedé; mentioned in NVPH as 35f.; 24 are known to exist, 10 are used of which 3 on cover 7½ cent dark violet, syncopated type D (1927) – Three-hole, four-sided interrupted perforation New Zealand 1906 Christchurch Exhibition 1d Claret Colour – Miscoloured 1996 Teddy Bear Health Stamp – Withdrawn because it showed an incorrect use of a car child restraint, though a number were still sold [1] Maori Performing Arts stamps – Sets of five stamps printed but destroyed before release, after causing public offence (with a very small number sold by mistake) [2] Pagsanjan Falls stamp – A postage stamp issued on 3 May 1932, noted for its printing error Romania Cap de bour – Issued by the principality of Moldavia in 1858 Russia Russian Empire Tiflis stamp ( ru ) (Tiflis unique) (1857) – One of the rarest Russian stamps issued in Tiflis , Georgia ; only three specimens known Three pearls ( ru ) (1908) – A very rare Russian stamp with “Three pears” design; 15–20 specimens may exist RSFSR Consular poltinnik ( ru ) (1922) – A rare 50-kopeck Russian consular tax stamp with Air Post and 1,200m overprint; estimated 50–75 specimens in existence; overprint type IV occurs only twice per setting of 25, hence only four can exist R.S.F.S.R. Definitives tête-bêche block (1922) – 7,500-ruble blue, horizontal watermark, gutter tête-bêche block of four; possibly unique 70r Red Army Soldier error (1922) – 70-ruble perforated 12.5 or imperforate orange red error; position 72 in part of the issue; 4 imperforate specimens known Soviet Union The 1932 Personalised Kartonka Soviet Air Post “Wide 5″ surcharged (1924) – A surcharge of 10 kopecks on 5-ruble green type II, basic stamp wide “5″, complete pane of 25; unique Limonka (other languages) (1925) – 15-kopeck yellow, “Peasant”, Gold Standard issue , if in mint condition Aspidka (other languages) (1931) – A very rare Soviet stamp, especially if imperforate; 24 imperforate specimens known Personalised Kartonka ( ru ) (1932) – “All-Soviet Philatelic Exhibition” in Moscow, souvenir sheet of four on thick card, with three line overprint “To the best shock worker of the All Russian Philatelic Society – President of the Moscow Philatelic Organization E.M. Nurk”; 25 were issued Levanevsky with overprint (other languages) (1935) – San Francisco inverted surcharge with small Cyrillic “f”; possibly unique (see also Overprint#Comme


In Islamic mythology, what bottled-up creatures make up the three sentient creations of Allah along with humans and angels?

Ifrit | Unnatural World Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Share Ifrit are supernatural creatures in Arabic and Islamic cultures. They are in a class of infernal jinn noted for their strength and cunning. An ifrit is an enormous winged creature of fire, either male or female, who lives underground and frequents ruins. Ifrits live in a society structured along ancient Arab tribal lines, complete with kings, tribes, and clans. They generally marry one another, but they can also marry humans. While ordinary weapons and forces have no power over them, they are susceptible to magic, which humans can use to kill them or to capture and enslave them. As with the jinn, an ifrit may be either a believer or an unbeliever, good or evil, but he is most often depicted as a wicked and ruthless being. Jinn are supernatural creatures mentioned in the Qur'an and often referred to in Arab folklore and Islamic mythology that occupy a parallel world to that of mankind. Together, jinn, humans and angels make up the three sentient creations of Allah (AKA God). Religious sources say barely anything about them; however, it is mentioned that jinn are made of smokeless flame or "scorching fire". Some define jinn not only as spirits, but also anything concealed through time, status, and even physical darkness. Jinn are usually invisible to humans, and humans do not appear clearly to them. They have the power to travel large distances at extreme speeds and are thought to live in remote areas, mountains, seas, trees, and the air, in their own communities. Like human beings, jinn can also be good, evil, or neutrally benevolent. They may do as they choose (such as follow any religion). According to the Qur'an, one jinn, called Iblis (AKA the Devil), abused this freedom in front of God by refusing to bow to Adam when He ordered the angels and jinn to do so. Iblis was proud and arrogant and considered himself superior to Adam, since Adam was made from clay and Iblis from smokeless fire. For this act of disobedience, God exiled him from Paradise to Hell for all eternity, but gave him respite until the Day of Judgment after Iblis requested it. Iblis obtained permission from God and vowed that he would use this time to lead all human men and women astray to Hell as a way of revenge against them. His name was then changed to Shaytan (AKA Satan). The social organization of the jinn community resembles that of humans; e.g., they have kings, courts of law, weddings, and mourning rituals. A few traditions divide jinn into three classes: those who have wings and fly in the air, those who resemble snakes and dogs, and those who travel about ceaselessly. Other reports described them as creatures of different forms; some resembling vultures and snakes, others tall men in white garb. They may even appear as dragons, asses, or a number of other animals. In addition to their animal forms, the jinn occasionally assume human form to mislead and destroy their human victims. Some have also claimed that the jinn may subsist on bones, which will grow flesh again as soon as they touch them. It is often believed that the jinn were generally "ignorant, untruthful, oppressive and treacherous." The jinn are also said to account for much of the "magic" perceived by humans, cooperating with magicians to lift items in the air unseen, delivering hidden truths to fortune tellers, and mimicking the voices of deceased humans during seances.


The most important text of what popular practice, varieties of which include hatha, mantra and raja is attributed to Patañjali?

Yoga - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics For other uses, such as Hatha Yoga or Yoga postures , see Yoga (disambiguation) Statue of Shiva ( Bangalore , India) performing Yogic meditation in the Padmasana posture. Gautama  · Jaimini  · Kanada  · Kapila  · Markandeya  · Patañjali  · Valmiki  · Vyasa Medieval Aurobindo  · Coomaraswamy  · Dayananda Saraswati  · Gandhi  · Krishnananda  · Narayana Guru  · Prabhupada  · Ramakrishna  · Ramana Maharshi  · Radhakrishnan  · Sivananda  · Vivekananda  · Yogananda This box: view • talk • edit Yoga ( Sanskrit , Pāli : योग yóga) refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India . [1] The word is associated with meditative practices in Hinduism , Buddhism and Jainism . [2] [3] [4] In Hinduism, it also refers to one of the six orthodox ( āstika ) schools of Hindu philosophy , and to the goal toward which that school directs its practices. [5] [6] In Jainism it refers to the sum total of all activities—mental, verbal and physical. Major branches of yoga in Hindu philosophy include Raja Yoga , Karma Yoga , Jnana Yoga , Bhakti Yoga , and Hatha Yoga . [7] [8] [9] Raja Yoga, compiled in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali , and known simply as yoga in the context of Hindu philosophy, is part of the Samkhya tradition. [10] Many other Hindu texts discuss aspects of yoga, including Upanishads , the Bhagavad Gita , the Hatha Yoga Pradipika , the Shiva Samhita and various Tantras . The Sanskrit word yoga has many meanings, [11] and is derived from the Sanskrit root "yuj", meaning "to control", "to yoke" or "to unite." [12] Translations include "joining", "uniting", "union", "conjunction", and "means". [13] [14] [15] An alternate root from which the word yoga may be derived is "yujir samadhau", which means "contemplation" or "absorption." [16] This translation fits better with the dualist Raja Yoga because it is through contemplation that discrimination between prakrti (nature) and purusha (pure consciousness) occurs. Outside India, the term yoga is typically associated with Hatha Yoga and its asanas (postures) or as a form of exercise . Someone who practices yoga or follows the yoga philosophy is called a yogi or yogini . [17] Contents Main article: History of yoga The Vedic Samhitas contain references to ascetics , while ascetic practices ( tapas ) are referenced in the Brāhmaṇas (900 to 500 BCE), early commentaries on the Vedas . [18] Several seals discovered at Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1700 B.C.E.) sites in Pakistan depict figures in positions resembling a common yoga or meditation pose, showing "a form of ritual discipline, suggesting a precursor of yoga", according to archaeologist Gregory Possehl . [19] Some type of connection between the Indus Valley seals and later yoga and meditation practices is speculated upon by many scholars, though there is no conclusive evidence. [20] Techniques for experiencing higher states of consciousness in meditation were developed by the shramanic traditions and in the Upanishadic tradition. [21] While there is no clear evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the Buddha as recorded in the early Buddhist texts. [22] He mentions less likely possibilities as well. [23] Having argued that the cosmological statements in the Upanishads also reflect a contemplative tradition, he argues that the Nasadiya Sukta contains evidence for a contemplative tradition, even as early as the late Rg Vedic period. [22] The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques. [24] They describe meditative practices and states which had existed before the Buddha as well as those which were first dev


What concept of Hinduism is traditionally classified into three kinds - Sanchita (accumulated), Prarabdha (ripened) and Kriyamana (produced in the current life)?


The sedia gestatoria, a portable throne that was in use till 1978 was used to carry whom?

Thirty-Piece Lead Toy Set of a Papal Procession | Papal Artifacts Thirty-Piece Lead Toy Set of a Papal Procession Papal Artifacts / Thirty-Piece Lead Toy Set of a Papal Procession The artifact presented here is a complete, thirty-piece set of a papal procession dating from the pontificate of Pius XI who reigned from 1922-1939. The pope is seated on what is known as the sedia gestatoria, which literally means, the chair for carrying. It is a portable ceremonial throne on which popes were carried until 1978. It consists of a richly adorned, silk-covered armchair, fastened to a suppedaneum on each side of which are two gilded rings. Through these rings pass the long rods with which, traditionally, twelve footmen, the palafrenieri, in red uniforms, carry the throne on their shoulders. Even the suppedaneum had symbolic meaning as it was the support used for Christ’s feet at the Crucifixion. It has come to mean a footstool, which was the meaning for the pope while being carried aloft in the sedia. The sedia gestatoria is an elaborate variation on the sedan chair. Two large fans, the flabella made of white ostrich feathers are carried at either side of the chair. They are intended as a sign of honor and as a means to keep away insects and provide relief from the heat of Roman summers when so many popes were crowned. The sedia gestatoria was mainly used to carry popes to and from papal ceremonies in the Basilicas of Saint John Lateran and Saint Peter. It was used for nearly a millennium. Many sources believe the sedia originated in the leadership of the ancient Roman Empire. The throne was used in ceremonies at the coronation of a new pope, and generally at all solemn entries of the pope to Saint Peter’s or to public consistories. The figure of the pope is shown wearing the papal tiara, the triple crown. There is no certainty about what the three crowns of the Triple Tiara symbolise, as is evident from the multitude of interpretations that have been and still are proposed. Some link it to the threefold authority of the Supreme Pontiff: Universal Pastor (top), Universal Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction (middle) and Temporal Power (bottom). Others interpret the three tiers as meaning “father of princes and kings, ruler of the world, vicar of Christ.” The words that were used when popes were crowned were: Receive the tiara adorned with three crowns and know that thou art father of princes and kings, the ruler of the world on earth, the vicar of our Savior Jesus Christ, to whom is honor and glory through all ages. Yet others have associated it with the threefold office of Christ, who is Priest, Prophet and King, or “teacher, lawmaker and judge.” Another traditional interpretation was that the three crowns refer to the “Church Militant on earth”, the “Church Suffering after death and before heaven”, and the “Church Triumphant in eternal reward.” Pope Benedict XVI’s tiara-less coat of arms, is “order, jurisdiction and magisterium.” Still another theory links the three tiers to the “celestial, human and terrestrial worlds,” which the pope is supposed to symbolically link. Besides the footmen carring the sedia, Swiss Guardsmen are shown in the figures as well as several bishops and cardinals in ceremonial vestments. Pope John Paul I declined to use the sedia and the papal tiara but was eventually convinced by Vatican staff to use the sedia in order to allow the crowds to see him. Blessed John Paul II refused both the sedia and the papal tiara as has Pope Benedict XVI. For the first time in over eight centuries, these three modern popes declined a coronation and opted for inauguration ceremonies instead while wearing a miter in place of the tiara. The miter is a symbol of spiritual rather than temporal authority. The artifact is in excellent condition. It is very rare to have a complete set of a papal procession, which makes it a great asset to the Collection. © 2016 Papal Artifacts | Hosting and design support provided by anySiteSolutions.com


If Deucalion is to Greek mythology and Utnapishtim is to Mesopotamian mythology, who is the equivalent figure in Christianity? (hint: all saved themselves in a particular way)

Noah . (-2704 - -1754) - Genealogy Genealogy Join the world's largest family tree Gender Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos Hebrew: נח ., Arabic: نوح ., Estonian: Noa . Also Known As: "Noah", "Nuh", "נח", "نوح", "Gabriel", "Noah /ˈnoʊ.ə/", "or Noé or Noach", "Hebrew: נֹחַ", " נוֹחַ", "Modern Noaẖ", "Tiberian Nōăḥ; Syriac: ܢܘܚ Nukh; Arabic: نُوح Nūḥ; Ancient Greek: Νῶε" Birthdate: Out Of Eden, before the Flood. Death: Mt. Lubar in the Land of Ararat Immediate Family: Brother of Other Sons ; Other Daughters and Nir Occupation: Farmer/ark builder, he Built the ark that saved mankind, asked by God to build an ark; planted the first vinyard, farmer, prophet./ profeetta, Preacher of Righteousness, Carpenter; Builder of the Ark Managed by: Don't mix with Noah / Magi Noah's three sons were generally interpreted in medieval Christianity as the founders of the populations of the three known continents, Japheth/Europe, Shem/Asia, and Ham/Africa, although a rarer variation held that they represented the three classes of medieval society - the priests (Shem), the warriors (Japheth), and the peasants (Ham). In the 18th and 19th centuries the view that Ham's sons in general had been literally "blackened" by sin came to provide a religious justification for slavery. Shi'ah Muslims believe that Noah is buried next to Ali within Imam Ali Mosque, in Najaf, Iraq. The story of Noah and the Great Flood is told in the Bible in Genesis 6:5 - 9:17. Also, according to Genesis 9:20, "...Noah, a man of the soil, was the first to plant a vineyard." Source 6: The Book of Jubilees (or Little Genesis) says he is Noah. Pg421:IV, 28 (Noah's birth). Pg 422:IV, 33. And in the 25th jubilee Noah took to himself a wife, And her name was 'Emzara, the daughter of Rake'el, the daughter of his father's brother, in the first year in the fifth week: And in the third year thereof she bare him Shem, in the fifth year thereof she bare him Ham, and in the first year in the sixth week she bare him Japheth. Source 7: The Epic of Gilgamesh (written abt the time of the Tower of Babel). Gilgamesh calls Noah, Utnapishtim (Old Babylonian), in Sumerian he was called Ziusudra. His home town was that of Shurrapak (still in existence, but now known as Farra). The Garden of Eden is referred to as Tammuz (Old Babylonian) and in the Syrian it is referred to as Dumuzi. Part II of Irish Pedigrees, or The origin and stem of the Irish nation, by John O'Hart, published 1892, pages 44-55 Y se corrompió la tierra delante de Dios, y estaba la tierra llena de violencia. Y miró Dios la tierra y he aquí que estaba corrompida; porque toda carne había corrompido su camino sobre la tierra. Dios entonces decide ponerle fin a todo ser sobre la tierra y manda a Noé a construir un arca para salvar asi dos animales de cada especie junto con su esposa, sus hijos y sus esposas. Y, a los diecisiete días, del mes segundo, . . . hubo lluvia sobre la tierra cuarenta días y cuarenta noches. (Gén 7:11-12). Y prevalecieron las aguas sobre la tierra por ciento cincuenta días. . . y murió toda carne que se mueve sobre la tierra. . . Y en el mes segundo, a los veitisiete días del mes, se secó la tierra. Entonces habló Dios a Noé diciendo: Sal del arca tú, y tu mujer, y tus hijos, y las mujeres de tus hijos contigo. Y todos los animales. . . salieron del arca. (Gén. 8:14-19). Y edificó Noé un altar a Jehová, y tomó de todo animal limpio y de toda ave limpia, y ofreció holocausto en el altar. . . Bendijo Dios a Noé y a sus hijos, y les dijo: Fructificad y multiplicaos, y llenad la tierra. (Gén. 8:20 y 9:1). Noé fue uno de los patriarcas más longevos, a excepción de Matusalén y de Jared que vivieron novecientos sesenta y nueve y novecientos sesenta y dos años respectivamente. Noé murió cuando tenía novecientos cincuenta años. Vivió seiscientos años antes del diluvio y trescientos cincuenta años después! . . . Calculando que el diluvio haya ocurrido alrededor del año 2348 a. de J.C., Noé habría nacido alrededor del año 29


A corroboree is a ceremonial meeting of what group of people?

Aboriginal Ceremonies - Indigenous Instyle Indigenous Instyle Aboriginal Ceremonies Aboriginal ceremonies have been part of the Aboriginal culture since it began. When talking about history and culture of a certain civilization, rituals and ceremonies of whatever form are one of the topics that catch the interest of many readers. Ceremonies still play a vital part in the Aboriginal culture. They are still practiced in some parts of Australia in the belief that it could grant them supply of plants and animal foods. Types of Aboriginal Ceremonies These ceremonies were done in the form of dancing or ritual actions, singing, and chanting. Although the purpose of which is to invoke the Ancestral Beings for a wealthy supply of rain and food within the area, they were also done to simply exercise their beliefs. • Bora, also called “Burbung” of the Darkinjung language, is the initiation ceremony for young boys being welcomed to adulthood. This may last for weeks, and may involve learning of sacred songs, dances, stories, and traditional lore. Circumcision, scarification, and removal of a tooth or a part of a finger are often involved. Clans are expected to gather together and participate in these Aboriginal ceremonies. • Burial practices differ throughout Australia. Across the Northern part, burial has two stages. Primary burial is when the dead body is laid upon an elevated wooden platform, covered with leaves and branches, and is left there for several months to rot and let the muscle separate from the bones. Bones are then collected, painted with red ochre, and dispersed in different ways. The latter is done during the secondary burial stage. There were also cases when bones are placed into a large hollow log and left at a certain area of a bushland. • Smoking ceremony is when various native plants are collected and used to produce smoke. This has been believed to have cleansing properties and the ability to ward off unwanted and bad spirits, which was believed to bring bad omens. • A ceremonial meeting of Australian Aboriginals is referred to as Corroboree, where aborigines interact with the Dreamtime through music, costume, and dance. This is sacred to them that people from outside the community are not permitted to participate nor witness the event. Bodies are painted and participants wear various adornments that are not used everyday. In some places, especially in the Northwest of Australia, Corroboree is practiced in both public and private venues. But either way, it would only be open for invited guests. • Tjurunga, also spelled “Churinga”, is an object of religious significance for Central Australian Indigenous people of the Arrente group. Its native significance are shown in stone objects, wooden sacred objects, sacred Aboriginal ceremonies, bullroarers, ceremonial poles, sacred group paintings, sacred earth mounds, sacred headgear, and sacred chants. Tjurunga means “sacred stone” or “wooden objects”. The Aborigines are also rich in the religious aspect. Like many other religions in the world, the Aboriginals believe in a god or gods who they deem as the creator of everything. Their god images are often depicted in identifiable forms such as that of a landscape feature, an animal or plant, or an image in a rock shelter. Aboriginal people believe in a number of different deities. That is, each tribe has its own deities. These deities have no single description, and any of them can either be creation beings, ancestral beings, and totemic beings, or all. However, the aborigines do not believe in animism or the belief that all natural objects possess a soul. Instead, they believe that the deities are the reincarnation of the spirit or soul. Australian Aboriginal Map "Dreaming" is often used to refer to an Aboriginal individual's or group's set of beliefs or spirituality. The "Dreaming" is met when people live according to law, and live the lore: perpetuating initiations and Dreaming transmissions or lineages, singing the songs, dancing the dances, telling the stories, painting the Dreamings. At Indigenous Instyle you can


In Greek mythology, while going back from the Trojan War, whom did Menelaus successfully capture despite that person taking the form of a lion, a serpent, a leopard, a pig, and even that of water and a tree?

Encyclopedia - Ρ/Pyxis Ρ - ρ Rho; the seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet; uppercase Ρ, lowercase ρ. The ancient Greeks did not have lowercase letters in their alphabet; the lowercase letters were not invented until the ninth century CE, i.e. about eleven hundred years ago. Letters of the Greek alphabet were also used as numerals; the letter rho represented the number 100 and was written as a simple ρ or as rho followed by an acute accent, ρ'. Paean A Greek choral song addressed to the Immortals; used by soldiers before battles and as a song of invocation or thanksgiving at feasts. Pains Algea; Pain and Suffering; the children of Eris [Discord or Strife]. Theogony, line 228 Paktolus (Pactolus) The river in Lydia where King Midas washed his hands to renounce the wish he had made to have everything he touched turn to gold; the river Paktolus has had golden sand ever since. Palace of Tiryns The ruins of the bronze-age Palace of Tiryns are on the modern city's acropolis slightly north of the city's center; Tiryns is on the Argolid Plain of Argolis and at its prime, was thought to rival the palace of Mykenai in grandeur; the walls of the palace appear to have been extremely large with a thickness of [25+ feet or 7.6+ meter]. Palaemon A school in ancient Greece where young boys were taught wrestling and gymnastics. Palaemonius (Palaimonios) The son of Hephaistos (Hephaestus) and one of the Argonauts; like his father, he was crippled but none of the Argonauts demonstrated more valor or brought Jason more fame. The Argonauts were a company of the greatest heroes and adventurers in ancient Greece; the Argonauts were assembled by Jason to assist him in retrieving the Golden Fleece from the land of Kolchis (Colchis); their name was derived from their ship, the Argo [Argo + nautes = Argo-seamen]; the Quest for the Golden Fleece can be assumed to have occurred circa 1285 BCE. The Argonautika by Apollonius Rhodius, book 1, line 202 Palioxis The Spirit of Flight or Backrush; generally meaning the spirit of retreat in battle. The Shield of Herakles, line 154 Palladium An image of Athene (Athena) that was placed in her sanctuaries as a guardian for the city which possessed it; it was thought that Troy fell only after the Palladium was removed from the shrine of Athene, otherwise her protection would have been inviolate. Pallas 1 A name for the goddess Athene (Athena) of uncertain meaning and derivation; her name is often rendered as Pallas Athene or simply Pallas. Athene has a page in the Immortals section of this website … click on her photo to view that page. Pallas 2 The son of the Titans Eurybia and Krios (Crius); brother to Astraios (Astraeus) and Perses; in consort with Styx , Pallas was the father of Zelos [Rivalry], Nike [Victory], Kratos [Power] and Bia [Force]. Theogony, lines 375-385 Pammon One of the sons of the last king of Troy, Priam. After Priam's favorite son Hektor had been killed defending Troy, Priam berated his nine remaining sons for being wicked and worthless; Pammon was one of these sons; whether the old king spoke in desperate sorrow or from his heart is impossible to tell. The Iliad (Lattimore and Loeb), book 24, line 250 The Iliad (Fagles), book 24, line 296 The Iliad (Fitzgerald), book 24, line 301 Pan The Goat-God; the king of the mountains; the protector of shepherds and flocks who lives in the forests and byways. Pan has a page in the Immortals section of this website … click on his photo to view that page. Panaceia (Panacea) An ancient Greek goddess of Healing; mentioned in the Hippocratic Oath. Panathenaea A name applied to two Athenian festivals in honor of the goddess Athene (Athena). On the twenty-eighth day of Hekatombaion [approximately the third week of July by our calendar] the procession of the Panathenaea proceeded through the city of Athens and concluded at the Parthenon; the Lesser Panathenaea was celebrated yearly; every fourth year the festival was punctuated with greater pomp and called the Greater Panathenaea; the festival included athletic contests, musical and dramatic competitions a


In times gone by, shepherds used to place a bell around the neck of a castrated ram that was leading a flock of sheep so that the movement of the flock could be noted. What was another term for the castrated ram?

Bells - Supernatural Enchantment and a Biblical Perspective Contact Us Bells - Supernatural Enchantment and a Biblical Perspective In 2012 and 2013, many giant bells have been cast and honored, with eight featured in a barge leading the massive flotilla for Queen of England's Diamond Jubilee celebration, the largest ringing bell in Europe for the opening day and ceremony of 2012 London Olympics and nine in celebrating the 850th anniversary of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Why is it that such attention is being given to the bell at this time? Bells are used in a wide variety of contexts. You probably associate bells with religious activity, and rightly so, because they're often ordained for some spiritual purpose. While some bells are merely decorative or serve some benign practical function, their appearance and use usually involves idolatry and magickal enchantments. The value in this study is in helping you correctly interpret the influences of the familiar world around you. Ignorance is not bliss. What you don't know, can hurt you. The campanario (bell wall) at Mission San Juan Bautista Photograph by Robert A. Estremo, copyright 1986 Have you ever heard the saying, "Every time a bell rings an angel gets his wings"? This is popularized in the movie from 1946, "It's a Wonderful Life" but is said to have been popular amongst children even well over a hundred years ago. Is there some link between bells and angels, possibly enabling their flight? Bells, chimes, jingles, cymbals and gongs are commonly said to be good luck and are often used to ward off evil spirits. Could the ringing of bells really exercise spiritual power, enabling some supernatural influence in the natural realm? While some believe and others doubt, there is a reality beyond superstition. I've recently become aware of how bells are used in Satan's "pharmakeia" scheme (Revelation 18:23). Ultimately, this facilitates his reproductive agenda and his Beast army battle scheme. Bells have been and still are being used to "get an advantage of us," which is why I'm bringing this to your attention. Many people are emotionally attached to bell towers, bells and their sounds, and even spiritually bound, perhaps even you. I'm certainly not suggesting that every bell is inherently evil, but I am asking you to give an honest consideration to the context and use of a bell, and to be open to what the Lord might reveal. I pray you will be free from the spells of bells, bell tower institutions and all their deceptive work. Lest Satan should get an advantage of us: for we are not ignorant of his devices. 2 Corinthians 2:11 This writing was prompted by two really obvious signs I received. One came just after I had written about the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall as a clock and bell tower for the blog. The Lord constrained me so I didn't post it. (Much of it was later to be posted here .) The other sign came a few days later. I seldom have one such sign attending a writing, let alone two! The first sign came on Yom Teruah, Saturday morning September 11, 2010, when I was led to go through my nearly full pocket change jar and roll the pennies. When I was done, I arranged them in pairs for easy counting at 2 rolls per dollar. I counted $11. That's 22 rolls! 22=11*2. I know what that signals. I've encountered it enough times to recognize it immediately. I had just been counting all the pennies and wrapping 50 per roll. When I was done wrapping, I knew I was done, with not one roll too many or too few, even though there were at least a few hundred more pennies left in the jar. When I counted $11 dollars in rolled pennies and saw the arrangement I had made with the 22 rolls it was obviously a sign. I didn't know the context of its interpretation until returning to blogging the next day. The post I had tried to write a few days earlier had to be set aside. I knew I had to write about the bells for that post. Nine new bells for Notre Dame - 2013 On Thursday, September 16, 2010, I went to the barbershop for a haircut. I was going to go earlier than I did, but decided to wait


What legendary place was protected by the Scaean Gates?

Buthrotum (Butrint) - Livius Buthrotum (Butrint) A Port on the Epirote Shore The Vivari Channel The ruins of Buthrotum are situated about two kilometer from the eastern shore of the strait that separates Corcyra from the mainland. Directly east of Buthrotum is ancient Lake Palodes , full of mussels and fish and connected to the Strait of Corcyra by what is now called the Vivari Channel. Buthrotum is situated on the northern bank of this water course, at the place where it leaves Lake Palodes. Map of Buthrotum and Lake Palodes The five kilometer long peninsula that stretches north of the town used to be called Poseidium,note[Strabo, Geography 7.7.5 ; modern Ksami] and touches the mainland at a place called Dema. Dema ( satellite photo ) and Buthrotum ( satellite photo ) mark the northernmost and southeasternmost part of the peninsula. Its southwesternmost point is Cape Scala, where the Strait of Corcyra is narrowest. Origins The site was already occupied by fishermen in the Late Bronze Age, and must have remained a small hamlet during the Dark Age. At end of these poorly understand centuries, the area belonged to the Chaonians, one of the three tribes of Epirus. (The other two were the Molossians in the east and Thesprotians in the south.) In the mid-seventh century, Greek settlers founded Buthrotum, building a small fort (¾ hectares) on a hilltop. The Acropolis, site of the original Greek settlement The first inhabitants must have arrived from nearby Corcyra (Corfu), which may have been founded a century before. It is likely that the Corcyrans occupied the place for both strategic and commercial reasons: it gave them better control of the strait, could be utilized as a fishery, and could serve as port of trade, where they could exchange products with the Chaonians. Most ceramics are from Corcyra, but sherds from Corinth, Attica, Chios, and Samos have also been excavated. Of course, these beginnings were too modest to satisfy later generations, and younger legends, to which we will return in a moment, gave the town roots in ancient Troy , an idea for which the ancients invented the usual far-fetched etymologies. A more plausible, modern theory is that "Buthrotum" is derived from an Illyrian word that is rendered as bouthos in Greek and is related to modern Albanian buzë, "shore". Archaic relief, now in the Lion Gate: lion devouring a cow's head Little is known about this early period. There must have been a monumental temple; an archaic frieze, showing a lion devouring the head of a cow or bull, has been reused as lintel in the Lion Gate. Buthrotum must have been a town of some size and importance, because it is mentioned in Hecataeus ' description of the European shores.note[FGrH 1 fr.106] It is said that in this age, the Chaones were the most important tribe of Epirus.note[Strabo, Geography 7.7.5 again] We do not know whether they controlled Buthrotum; if they did, it is possible that soldiers from the town fought against the Corcyrans and Athenians in the first years of the Archidamian War , in the battle of Stratus (429).note[ Thucydides , Peloponnesian War 2.80-82] During the fights, the Chaonians lost so many men that their political power in Epirus was broken. From now on, the Molossians were the most dominant tribe. Well and temple of Athena At about the same time, the Dema Wall was built. We do not know against whom. If Buthrotum was in Greek hands, the Corcyrans may have found it useful to protect the peninsula against Molossian attackers; if it was a Chaonian town, the wall may have protected the town against Corcyran attacks. The Trojan Connection In the first quarter of the fourth century, king Alcetas of Molossis, supported by Dionysius I of Syracuse , united Epirus and conquered the ports. Whatever the position of Buthrotum as town within Chaonia, it was now certainly under Epirote control. In c.380, the town was surrounded by a new wall, which enclosed about four hectares. The ancient fort remained in use as acropolis. The Molossians were a comparative newcomer, who needed a decent founding legend to becom