The Italian words for 'three roads' provided the name for which famous Rome monument?

Trevi Fountain: history, photo, how to find in Rome 6 How to get there History Fountain Trevi was constructed in Rome in 18 century, but its background is so captivating that we cannot help mention it. Emperor Octavian Augustus and his associate Mark Vipsanii Agrippa in the 20-es B.C. started an extensive reorganization in Rome. Among the numerous reforms Mark Agrippa also suggested to provide the city with clean drinking water. Later tribune Agrippa put a lot of efforts into purification of the city canalisation and constructing the water pipe system. A newly-constructed aqueduct got such a romantic name Aqua Virgo. Every time its waters came the way of 12 km so as to fill the cups of ancient Romans with virgin clean water. wikipedia.org Before the beginning of the 17th century on the Trevi Square (Italian: Piazza di Trevi) one could still quench his thirst from the plain spring flowing to the stone bowl. But the Roman Pontiff Urban the 3rd decided to adorn the centre of the city with more elaborate architecture. One of the most prominent baroque architects, Gian Lorenzo Bernini started to work on the design of the new fountain. Construction Berninni fulfilled the initial project of the fountain, however, death of the Urban the 3rd interrupted all the works. But in the beginning of 1700 the drafts saw the light, while Berninni’s apprentice, Carlo Fontana, got back to work on the project. Following the inherited ideas of baroque style of his teacher Fontana set them in the frame of a more classical style. The architect intensified the figurality of the initial project by placing a huge statue of the Neptun and his servants at the head of the fountain. Davide Trolli/Shutterstock.com Fontana died in 1714 and the construction intermitted again. Roman Pontiff Clement 12th announced a vacancy of the head architect. And Nicola Salvi squeezed the win in the course of heated strife between the sixteen renowned architect-engineers of the 18th century. The winner was offered a double challenge. From one side he was to create something colossal and breathtaking, from the other side – he should have fit that beauty in the architectural look of the Trevi Square. Modern look Overlooking the Trevi Square it would be hard for a modern man to perceive Poli Palace (Italian: Palazzo Poli) and the fountain as a united architectural complex. Nicola Silvi did his job extremely well not to mention that under his guidance overwhelmingly beautiful sculptures with an abundance of various forms and figures were created. Skoda/Shutterstock.com The construction of the fountain lasted 30 years: from 1732 to 1762 years. By this time the scene from the Neptun’s life appeared against the baroque palazzo of the Italian nobleman. The real incarnation of the ocean, mighty and strong, breaks out of the water shed on his wain harnessed with horsefish and water lizards. The architect succeeded greatly in conveying the movements, a powerful endeavor to reach the surface. And an absolutely stunned spectator breathlessly wait this water cavalcade to proceed its onward movement with noises and splashes. The statue of the sea God epitomizes water that brings this vivifying cool to Rome for so many centuries. Behind Neptun’s left shoulder, in the hovel of the frontispiece of Poli Palace, the statue of the Goddess of health is located. She is accompanied by the Goddess of fertility from the right. Both stone ladies decently and with an air of  dignity meet the crowds of visitors, who crave for taking a glance of the main fountain in Rome every day. Viacheslav Lopatin / Shutterstock.com Guests of Italian capital flock to the sightseeing so as to admire breathtaking views and accomplish a compulsive ritual. They turn back on to the fountain and throw the coins over the shoulder. It is said, that by throwing coins to the feet of Goddesses one can expect their mercifulness. More often awestruck travelers throw in the fountain more than one coin in hopes to find the one and simply come back to Italy and Rome again. By the way, tourists in Rome leave about 1500 Euro in th


What is/was the BBC's teletext information service called?

Teletext festival breathes life into old tech - BBC News BBC News Teletext festival breathes life into old tech 7 July 2014 Image copyright International Teletext Art Festival Image caption Sugar by Juha van Ingen Teletext is not quite dead yet thanks to Berlin's International Teletext Art Festival . Image copyright International Teletext Art Festival Image caption 1914 The Teletext Engine by Dan Farrimond The annual event showcases the work of artists who have repurposed the medium to create striking images. Image copyright International Teletext Art Festival Image caption 9999 percent by Kari Yli Annala Some of the images include lucky fortune cats, Mozart and The A-Team's Mr-T. Image copyright International Teletext Art Festival Image caption From the series Internet Acronyms by Anne Horel Teletext, a British invention from the 1970s phased out in the UK in 2012, is a television information retrieval service. Image copyright International Teletext Art Festival Image caption Spectrum balls by Kim Asendorf Despite teletext's limitations, artists from across the world have pushed the ageing tech to its limit to create an impressive collection of retro illustrations. Image copyright International Teletext Art Festival Image caption Thread of Fate by Raquel Meyers The festival, in its third year, will be run by Finnish art collective FixC , from 14 August to 14 September 2014. Image copyright International Teletext Art Festival Image caption Untitled by LIA After the BBC announced it would no longer broadcast Ceefax, the world's first teletext service, many users took to the web to wish the service a fond farewell. Image copyright International Teletext Art Festival Image caption Two is better than one by Nadine Arbeiter Despite its decline in the UK, teletext remains popular in many European countries.


Born George Jamieson in Liverpool 1935, name the 1960s model noted for her transgender equality campaigning?

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Storing and processing data on a remote unspecified computer server is known as '(what weather feature) computing'?

Patent US20130125027 - Massive simultaneous remote digital presence world - Google Patents Massive simultaneous remote digital presence world US 20130125027 A1 Abstract Various methods and apparatus are described herein for enabling one or more users to interface with virtual or augmented reality environments. An example system includes a computing network having computer servers interconnected through high bandwidth interfaces to gateways for processing data and/or for enabling communication of data between the servers and one or more local user interface devices. The servers include memory, processing circuitry, and software for designing and/or controlling virtual worlds, as well as for storing and processing user data and data provided by other components of the system. One or more virtual worlds may be presented to a user through a user device for the user to experience and interact. A large number of users may each use a device to simultaneously interface with one or more digital worlds by using the device to observe and interact with each other and with objects produced within the digital worlds. Images(13) Claims(25) What is claimed is: 1. A system for enabling one or more users to interact with a virtual world comprised of virtual world data, the system comprising: a computer network comprising one or more computer servers, the one or more computer servers comprising memory, processing circuitry, and software stored in the memory and executable by the processing circuitry to process at least a portion of the virtual world data; the computer network operable to transmit the virtual world data to a user device for presentation to a first user, wherein at least a portion of the virtual world changes in response to a change in the virtual world data, and wherein at least a portion of the virtual world data is changed in response to a physical object sensed by the user device. 2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the change in virtual world data represents a virtual object having a predetermined relationship with the physical object. 3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the change in virtual world data is presented to a second user device for presentation to a second user according to the predetermined relationship. 4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the virtual world is operable to be rendered by at least one of the computer servers or a user device. 5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the virtual world is presented in at least one of a two-dimensional format or three-dimensional format. 6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the user device is operable to provide an interface for enabling interaction between a user and the virtual world in at least one of an augmented reality mode, a virtual reality mode, or a combination of augmented and virtual reality mode. 7. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the virtual world data is transmitted over a data network. 8. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the computer network is operable to receive at least a portion of the virtual world data from a user device. 9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the virtual world data transmitted to the user device comprises instructions for generating at least a portion of the virtual world. 10. The system according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the virtual world data is transmitted to a gateway for at least one of processing or distribution. 11. The system according to claim 10 , wherein at least one of the one or more computer servers are operable to process virtual world data distributed by the gateway. 12. A system for enabling one or more users to interact with a virtual world, the system comprising: a user device for presenting the virtual world to a user and enabling the user to interact with the virtual world, the user device comprising: memory, processing circuitry, software stored in the memory and executable by the processing circuitry to render at least a portion of the virtual world from virtual world data received, at least in par


In a Japanese restaurant an oshibori is a?

Oshibori Kitchenware Oshibori Oshibori are the hot, damp cotton towels wrapped in polythene bags that are given to you before a meal on airlines, in Japanese restaurants, and in a few of the more expensive Chinese restaurants, etc. They are for washing your hands at the table. The standard-size of the cloth is 12 inches by 8 inches (30cm by 20cm.) They are now sometimes replaced with a paper towel. The Japanese automated the complete process in the 1960s with machines. You place a cotton towel on a conveyor belt. The machine rolls the towel, puts it in a plastic bag and seals it. If this is being done on the premises where the towels are used, the machines will then heat the towels as well. There are many variations on the machines to suit various customer needs. Some machines now allow for larger, face-sized towels. Some machines are much smaller so that they will fit on a table top. These will roll the towels for you, but not package them. You can get a delivery service that delivers the towels cleaned and packaged to your restaurant and you heat them as needed in a special warming box in your restaurant (in Australia, service to restaurant costs about 20 cents per towel, 2006 prices.) The same delivery services often supply larger ones to hairdressers as well. Though the towels supplied are reputedly well-cleaned and sanitized before being used again, from time to time some Japanese consumers have wondered what actual assurance they have of that. However much Japan likes to keep up a sterile, sanitary image, it's not completely unheard of to see sloppy restaurant staff there take a used Oshibori towel after the customer has left and use it to give a quick wipe to the table. Delivery services reserve the right to penalize restaurants if the towels are ruined through being used for anything other than "a hand and face wiper." The towels are given to you when you sit down in restaurants. In Japan, you get cold ones in summer, hot ones in winter. In Japan, it's acceptable to retain it to wipe your fingers throughout the meal because in Japan, you don't often get provided table napkins. It's not acceptable in Japan, however, to wipe your face with the towel. Some disagree and say it's fine, especially in the summer with a cold towel. Others counter that however often you see it done, it's still not okay. It's slightly more forgiven if men do it than if women do, but still no one should do it i a very good fancy restaurant. It's not acceptable anywhere to blow your nose on it. When you have finished with the towel, fold it or roll it up. Language Notes "Shibori" means "to roll up". "O" at the start of the word in Japanese is a prefix meaning "with respect". "Oshibori wo kudasai" is Japanese for "moist towels, please." Cloths


In geometry, where every point of a shape is moved a constant distance and direction, this is called?

Understanding Translations, Reflections, and Rotations in Geometry | Universal Class Understanding Translations, Reflections, and Rotations in Geometry   Understanding Translations, Reflections, and Rotations in Geometry     After a basic understanding of shapes has begun, it is imperative to consider the many different ways in which these shapes can then be moved throughout space while still retaining their original characteristics. Understanding that shapes which have been moved do not necessarily become new shapes, but remain constant in a new position on the plane they have been placed is important. It is through this skill process that one can identify which shapes are indeed different and new and which shapes have simply been moved to a new position in space.  The process of transforming shapes is a part of symmetry. When considering shapes in spaces, it is imperative to address the movements of shapes in various ways. Typically, there are considered to be three ways in which shapes can be moved. These ways are: flipped, slid, or turned. The shape before it is moved in anyway becomes known as the preimage. The preimage becomes the image once the move occurs. Both the preimage and the image are identical in all aspects except for the coordinates within space they exist.  Any movement of an object can be referred to as a transformation. As each point of the object is considered individually, the transformation maps each point individually and tracks how each is moved or changed. In the case of most transformations, the points of the object are tracked or mapped based on the plane itself and all of the lengths will remain constant. Isometries is a term used to refer to these types of transformations. There are four types of isometries which are: translations, rotations, reflections and glide reflections. There are other types of translations, called dilatations, which do not maintain the various lengths.    Want to learn more? Take an online course in Geometry . When a shape is flipped over a line, it is known as a reflection. Reflections are best understood when considering a mirror and how objects appear flipped when viewed in the mirror.   The line, over which the shape is flipped, becomes known as the line of reflection. In reflections, it is important to remember that the shapes always keep the same size and shape, but the images are opposite of the original image (reversed). In this way, a reflection is a mirror image of the shape provided. Your own reflection as you look into the mirror is an example of this process of reflection.  Tessellations can demonstrate reflective symmetry. A tessellation can be said to have reflective symmetry if there is a point in the tessellation where a reflection of the original tessellation can be seen. The line where this reflection occurs is known as the mirror line.     When a shape is slid to a new location in space, it is called a translation. Translations are what you would do if you slid a shape across a table to your partner. In considering the points of the object, all of them move in the same direction for the same distance. It does not affect the order of the points around the object. In order for a movement to be a true translation, the object must be moved with no reflecting or rotation of the object. Translations can occur in a horizontal nature (across a straight horizontal line), a vertical nature (across a straight vertical line), or in a diagonal nature (across a straight diagonal line). In a translation, all parts of the shape are sliding in the same direction and continue to move at the same rate (cover the same amount of space). When an object has been translated, it must be moved in a specific direction across a specific distance. Therefore, all translations have some direction and distance which can be described and measured. All tessellations demonstrate the concept of translation. It could be said that all tessellations are repeated patterns and all translations will create some sort of repeated pattern. Therefore, it can be logically deduced that all tes


What chemical element is named from the French for charcoal?

Carbon, Chemical Element - structure, reaction, water, uses, elements, proteins, metal, gas PRONUNCIATION CAR-bun Carbon is such an important element that an entirely separate field of    chemistry is devoted to this element and its compounds. Organic chemistry    is the study of carbon compounds. Discovery and naming Humans have been aware of carbon since the earliest of times. When cave    people made a fire, they saw smoke form. The black color of smoke is    caused by unburned specks of carbon. The smoke may have collected on the    ceiling of their caves as soot. Later, when lamps were invented, people used oil as a fuel. When oil    burns, carbon is released in the reaction, forming a sooty covering on the    inside of the lamp. That form of carbon became known as lampblack.    Lampblack was also often mixed with olive oil or balsam gum to make ink.    And ancient Egyptians sometimes used lampblack as eyeliner. One of the most common forms of carbon is charcoal. Charcoal is made by    heating wood in the absence of air so it does not catch fire. Instead, it    gives off water vapor, leaving pure carbon. This method for producing    charcoal was known as early as the Roman civilization (509 B.C.-A.D. 476). French physicist René Antoine Ferchault Reaumur (1683-1757) believed    carbon might be an element. He studied the differences between wrought    iron, cast iron, and steel. The main difference among these materials, he    said, was the presence of a "black combustible material" that he knew was present in charcoal. Carbon was officially classified as an element near the end of the    eighteenth century. In 1787, four French chemists wrote a book outlining a    method for naming chemical substances. The name they used, carbone, is based on the earlier Latin term for charcoal, charbon. Coal, soot (nearly pure carbon), and diamonds are all nearly pure forms     of carbon. Physical properties Carbon exists in a number of allotropic forms. Allotropes are forms of an    element with different physical and chemical properties. Two allotropes of    carbon have crystalline structures: diamond and graphite. In a crystalline    material, atoms are arranged in a neat orderly pattern. Graphite is found    in pencil "lead" and ball-bearing lubricants. Among the    non-crystalline allotropes of carbon are coal, lampblack, charcoal, carbon    black, and coke. Carbon black is similar to soot. Coke is nearly pure    carbon formed when coal is heated in the absence of air. Carbon allotropes    that lack crystalline structure are amorphous, or without crystalline    shape. The allotropes of carbon have very different chemical and physical    properties. For example, diamond is the hardest natural substance known.    It has a rating of 10 on the Mohs scale. The Mohs scale is a way of    expressing the hardness of a material. It runs from 0 (for talc) to 10    (for diamond). The melting point of diamond is about 3,700°C    (6,700°F) and its boiling point is about 4,200°C (7,600°F).    Its density is 3.50 grams per cubic centimeter. On the other hand, graphite is a very soft material. It is often used as    the "lead" in lead pencils. It has a hardness of 2.0 to 2.5    on the Mohs scale. Graphite does not melt when heated, but sublimes at    about 3,650°C (6.600°F). Sublimination is the process by which a    solid changes directly to a gas when heated, without first changing to a    liquid. Its density is about 1.5 to 1.8 grams per cubic centimeter. The    numerical value for these properties varies depending on where the    graphite originates. The amorphous forms of carbon, like other non-crystalline materials, do    not have clear-cut melting and boiling points. Their densities vary    depending on where they originate. Chemical properties Carbon does not dissolve in or react with water, acids, or most other    materials. It does, however, react with oxygen. It burns in air to produce carbon dioxide (CO


Name the chemical process for toughening rubber/polymer typically by adding sulphur (US, sulfur) using heat and pressure?

Reduced Zinc Oxide Levels in Sulphur Vulcanisation of Rubber Compounds Reduced Zinc Oxide Levels in Sulphur Vulcanisation of Rubber Compounds You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 5 to 66 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 71 to 115 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 120 to 162 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 167 to 202 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 207 to 208 are not shown in this preview.


What sport dominated (with 30 of the top 100) the 2012 Forbes list of highest earning athletes?

World's Best Paid Athletes 2012 Sport > World > Lists > Earnings > Forbes > 2012 The World's Highest Paid Athletes List 2012 Tiger Woods has lost his title as the world's highest paid athlete, which he had held since 2002, dropping to third place behind boxers Floyd "Money" Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao. Below is the top 10 of the highest earning sports people from 2012, taken from the annual list “The World's 100 Highest-Paid Athletes” published by Forbes magazine in June 2012. Mayweather fought only two fights in the previous year, though he maximizes his earnings by acting as his own fight promoter through his company Mayweather Promotions and therefore takes a greater percentage of his winnings. Both of these boxers had a rapid rise in the rankings - Pacquiao only ranked 24th last year with 25 million dollars in earnings, as he only had one fight during that period, and Mayweather was even lower on the list. There were athletes from 11 different sports in the top 100, including two from cricket: MS Dhoni at 31 and Sachin Tendulkar at 78. Jamaican Track and field star Usain Bolt ranked 63 with $20.3 million in earnings. There were 30 players from American football in the top 100. The highest paid female athlete was Maria Sharapova with 27.9 million dollars in earnings, ranking her 26th on this list. The only other female on the list is  another tennis player, Chinese player Li Na, who came in at no. 81 ($18.4 mil). The earnings totals (in US dollars) are derived from salaries, bonuses, prize money, appearance fees, licensing and endorsement income in the 12 months from May 1, 2011 to May 1, 2012. Taxes or agents' fees are not factored into the figures. See also the top earning lists from other years. Top 10  Highest Earning Sports people from 2012 Rank $42.4 7 Next on the list were: Lionel Messi,  Haloti Ngata,  Larry Fitzgerald,  Ndamukong Suh,  Charles Johnson, Rafael Nadal,  Mario Williams, Alex Rodriguez,  Fernando Alonso,  Valentino Rossi. source: from “The World's 100 Highest-Paid Athletes” published by Forbes magazine in June 2012. Share: where does dhoni stands? golf players are overrated (from shivam, Mar 2013) Then Who is d richest footballer? (from Ifezue ddon, Mar 2013) Messi is the highest paid footballer in the world, followed by David Beckham and Christiano Ronaldo. (from Oliver, Mar 2013) Basketball is so overated just like air jordans. Boxing is where they are paying Lebron won't make it in that sport Go alonzo now that guy has to life (from whatiswood, Feb 2013) My game is BOXING i am happy 2 see floyd maywealther top the list follow by pacquiao. (from TURNINGSTAR, Nov 2012) Who is the most paid footballer, because some claim its Messi and others Christiano (from Masimba Madamombe, Nov 2012) Hey what about samuel etoo? (from tayong sama, Oct 2012) America is rich then player is rich (from Pappu, July 2012) Damn money  ... ! (from Clarkson, June 2012) oh i think its great, coz its not easy 2 know.the forbs are doing a great job thunks (from yung jesus, June 2012) follow Topend Sports


What, from Latin 'to milk', is the technical name for a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally unblendable?

the Effect of Emulsifiers in Ice Cream | Snowball Machinery the Effect of Emulsifiers in Ice Cream snowballmachinery 1 Comment the Effect of Emulsifiers in Ice Cream The word “emulsion” comes from the Latin word for “to milk”, as milk is an emulsion of fat and water, among other components. An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable). Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. Although the terms colloid and emulsion are sometimes used interchangeably, emulsion should be used when both the dispersed and the continuous phase are liquids. In an emulsion, one liquid (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). Examples of emulsions include vinaigrettes, milk, mayonnaise, and etc. Emulsifiers are used in ice cream because they contribute greatly to smooth and creamy texture by promoting fat destabilisation. Fat destabilisation refers to the process of clustering and clumping (known as partial coalescence) of the fat in an ice cream mix when it is churned in a machine. Because it is the proteins that stabilise the fat emulsion in an ice cream mix, emulsifiers are actually added to ice cream to reduce the stability of this emulsion and encourage some of the fat globules to come together, or partially coalesce. When a mix is churned in the ice cream machine, air bubbles that are beaten into the mix are stabilised by this partially coalesced fat, giving a smooth texture to the ice cream. If emulsifiers were not added, the air bubbles would not be properly stabilised and the ice cream would not have the same smooth texture. The balance between protein and emulsifier is important to ice cream making because it controls the stability of the emulsion and of the air bubbles. If an ice cream mix contains too much emulsifier, the formation of objectionable butter particles can occur. However, if there is too much protein, the emulsion may be too stable so that not enough fat is destabilised. This produces an unstable foam, and the ice cream is coarse and wet. More information about ice cream and ice cream machines , welcome browse: SNOWBALLMACHINERY Share this:


The term geocentric places what as central?

The Fall of the Geocentric Theory The Fall of the Geocentric Theory, and the Rise of Heliocentrism The geocentric theory reached its pinnacle with the system devised by Ptolemy. Ptolemy's geocentric theory continued to be the system of choice as the Roman empire succeeded that of the Greeks. With the fall of the Roman empire (circa 450 AD), it was left to the Arabs to keep the Ptolemaic view of the universe alive. In 622 AD, the Prophet Mohammed launched his holy war against the infidels. Within a century, the Islamic Empire extended eastwards across northern India to the borders of China, and westwards across Asia Minor, to north Africa. With the Arabic conquest of Spain and Sicily, the empire made it into western Europe. Alexandria (Egypt), the center of classical learning, fell to the Arabs in 642. When the period of military expansion ended, Islamic scholars became enthusiastic students of classical philosophy. Many important manuscripts were translated from Greek into Arabic. In the world of medieval Islam, Aristotle and Ptolemy were the supreme authorities in matters of natural science and astronomy. They continued to make observations, and to refine the data that went into the model while streamlining/advancing some of the calculation techniques. But they did not make any modifications to the underlying philosophy.1 "In 999 AD, Gerbert of Aurillac, the most accomplished mathematician, musician, astronomer and classical scholar in Europe, ascended to the papal throne as Sylvester II, known as 'the magician Pope' to his contemporaries. His papacy, at the symbolic date 1000 AD marks the turning point of the European 'dark ages'. Contact was established with Arabic centers of learning in Spain , where Muslim, Christian and Jewish scholars congregated. During the following centuries, Hebrew and Arabic versions of ancient Greek texts were translated into Latin and began to circulate in Europe. The works of Aristotle were translated from around 1200. The translation of Ptolemy's Almagest into Latin in 1175 re-vitalised European astronomy. King Alfonso X of Castile (1122-1184) commissioned new astronomical tables calculated according to Ptolemy's theory with Arabic mathematical refinements. Completed in 1252, the Alphonsine Tables remained the best astronomical tables available in Europe for the next three centuries. The complexities of the Ptolemaic system exasperated King Alfonso however. When the intricacies of epicycles, deferents and equants were explained to him Alfonso 'the Wise' is said to have remarked that if the Almighty had consulted him on the matter, he would have recommended something a little simpler... "1 Eventually, with the re-emergence of European learning in the 13th century,  the geocentric view of the universe would be adopted by the Catholic church. It is interesting that in the early European universities, Ptolemy's theory was relegated to the world of mathematics, calendars, and astrology. It was purely a mechanical model of the celestial motion, and not the "true" nature of the universe as described by Aristotle. The latter would be given a more revered place in higher learning, and especially in questions of philosophy and theology. The Copernican Revolution In the fifteenth century, a reform of European astronomy began. This was due to the fact that predictions made using the Ptolemaic system were less and less accurate. With the advent of ocean-going vessels, and the expansion of global trade and exploration, navigation using astronomical knowledge had become extremely important. Also, the calendar implemented in 44 BC by Julius Caesar was 10 days off, with the spring equinox now occurring on the 11th of March instead of the 21st (used to fix the date of Easter). Astronomical help was needed! Two astronomers, Peurbach and Regiomontanus (who set up the first European observatory at Nuremburg in 1474) took on the task of locating errors in the works of Ptolemy, as well as errors in published tables and in observations. They had refined some of astronomy, but they had not gotten rid of all of


Andrew McDougall, whose injury decided a serious international sport championship final in 2012, was a?

David Nalbandian investigated by police for kick | Daily Mail Online comments The pressure was piling up on David Nalbandian on Monday night after the linesman whose leg he cut on Sunday made a formal complaint of assault to the police. Sportsmail understands that, rather than adopt a policy of forgive and forget, Andrew McDougall has decided to take things further after Sunday’s drama in the AEGON final at Queen’s Club. Scroll down to watch the video Boot: Nalbandian lashes out at the lines judge after his serve was broken at Queen's Club Injured: David Nalbandian kicked an advertising board into a line judge, cutting his leg in the process HOW I SAW IT... Marin Cilic drills a return of serve wide to Nalbandian's right, the Argentinian lunges for the ball and strikes a forehand which flies long at the other end. Nalbandian keeps on running towards the baseline judge and launches a furious kick at the box in which his chair is placed. The plywood shatters and shards fly into Andrew MacDougall's left shin and he recoils in agony. Nalbandian starts to apologise, but it is too late as the Supervisor is summoned to award a default. MIKE DICKSON McDougall, believed to be in his early fifties, is a Level One line judge, which makes him qualified to officiate at events such as the AEGON Championships final and at Wimbledon. He turned up for Wimbledon qualifying at Roehampton on Monday, where he is part of the officiating team, but was told to slip away due to the interest his presence was creating. He declined to comment but is fit to officiate and is expected to resume his duties this week. The police want to interview Nalbandian following his kick at the box which houses the lineman’s chair on Sunday. The kick shattered the plywood and left the official with a nasty cut. While there appeared little enthusiasm from the ATP Tour in the immediate aftermath to do more than dock Nalbandian his ranking points and prize money, and fine him the maximum £6,400 for unsportsmanlike conduct, the involvement of the police could change things. But it is expected the Argentine will still be allowed to play at Wimbledon, where he could come across McDougall. Nalbandian was said by friends to have woken up devastated by the incident, extremely contrite and keen to seek a resolution. Embarassed: Nalbandian realises what he's done after lashing out at the board in front of the line judge You're out! Nalbandian is disqualified after his shocking kick which left a line judge with a bad cut He will therefore have been very unhappy to hear of the police statement, which said: ‘We are aware of an incident at the AEGON Championships on June 17. A complaint has been made and the Metropolitan Police Service is now investigating. The allegation is of assault.’ The LTA, who run British umpiring, declined to comment. Ouch! The line judge is clearly in pain after taking a nasty kick to the shin from Nalbandian Not how I thought I'd win it: Marin Cilic collects the winners trophy after Nalbandian was disqualified Dejected: Nalbandian walks off court after his afternoon's work came to an abrupt end Floored: The line judge is grounded after taking a nasty kick from Nalbandian


Bees, Woozles, Jagulars, and the Backson are minor characters in which author's famous stories?

List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters | Open Access articles | Open Access journals | Conference Proceedings | Editors | Authors | Reviewers | scientific events Open Access Articles- Top Results for List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters It has been suggested that Darby (My Friends Tigger & Pooh) be merged into this article. ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2014. This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012) This is a list of characters appearing in the Winnie-the-Pooh books and the Disney adaptations of the series . Contents Main article: Winnie-the-Pooh Winnie-the-Pooh, or Pooh for short, is an anthropomorphic toy bear and the main character. Despite being naïve and slow-witted, he is a friendly, thoughtful and sometimes insightful character who is always willing to help his friends and try his best. A prime motivation is his love for honey, which quite often leads to trouble. In the books, Pooh is a talented poet, and the stories are frequently punctuated by his poems and "hums." He is humble about his slow-wittedness, but comfortable with his creative gifts. In the Disney adaptations, Pooh's catchphrases are "Oh, Bother!" and "Think, think, think". He has been voiced by Sterling Holloway (1966-1977), Hal Smith (1981-1986) and by Jim Cummings (1988–present). Christopher Robin Main article: Christopher Robin The sole human character in the story books, he has a cheerful and compassionate personality and is someone that Pooh and the others look up to. Despite being a child, he is much wiser and more mature than many of the other characters. Pooh considers both Christopher Robin and Piglet to be his best friends. Christopher Robin matures considerably over the course of the books. Several chapters in The House at Pooh Corner are concerned with Christopher Robin beginning to go to school and his increasing book-learning. In the final chapter, Christopher Robin leaves his stuffed animals behind and asks Pooh to understand and to always remember him. In the Disney adaptations, he has been voiced by Bruce Reitherman (1966), Timothy Turner (1974), Jon Walmsley (1968), Kim Christianson (1983), Tim Hoskins (1988-1991), Edan Gross (1991), Brady Bluhm (1997-1999), Tom Attenborough (2000), Tom Wheatley (2003), William Green (2002), Bradley Michael Pierce , Paul Tiesler (2001-2003), Struan Erlenborn (2007-2010) and by Jack Boulter (2011–present). Piglet Main article: Piglet (Winnie-the-Pooh) Pooh's best friend besides Christopher Robin. In the books he is a timorous small animal, who often takes his lead from Pooh unless overcome by fear. But increasingly through the stories he shows himself to be very brave when faced with a crisis and given sufficient encouragement (usually by Pooh). He is fond of "haycorns". In the Disney series he is kind, gentle and ordinarily quite shy, but with Pooh by his side, he often overcomes his fears. His catchphrase is "Oh, D-D-Dear!". Piglet lives in a beech tree that he likes to keep neat and tidy, and can sing very well. He has been voiced by John Fiedler (1966-2005), Phil Baron (1983-1986) and by Travis Oates (2005–present). Eeyore Main article: Eeyore Pooh's ever-glum, sarcastic and pessimistic donkey friend who has trouble keeping his tail attached to his bottom. Eeyore has a house made of sticks, which falls apart (many times in the Disney films) and has to be rebuilt. In the Disney cartoons, Eeyore is slow-talking and more cautious than some of the other animals, and is often reluctant to go along with their actions, but usually does not bother trying to oppose anyone because he believes it to be futile to try. His catchphrase is "Thanks for noticing" as indicated to himself. He has been voiced by Ralph Wright (1966-1983), Ron Feinberg (1981), Ron Gans (1983-1986), Peter Cullen (1988-2010) and by Bud Luckey (2011–present). Kanga File:The original Winnie the Pooh toys.jpg These stuffed animals are the ones that belonge


What human hormone causes certain body cells to take up glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen?

Insulin Regulation of Blood Sugar and Diabetes - The Important Roles of Insulin and Glucagon: Diabetes and Hypoglycemia Normal Regulation of Blood Glucose The Important Roles of Insulin and Glucagon: Diabetes and Hypoglycemia Written by James Norman MD, FACS, FACE The human body wants blood glucose (blood sugar) maintained in a very narrow range. Insulin and glucagon are the hormones which make this happen. Both insulin and glucagon are secreted from the pancreas, and thus are referred to as pancreatic endocrine hormones. The picture on the left shows the intimate relationship both insulin and glucagon have to each other. Note that the pancreas serves as the central player in this scheme.  It is the production of insulin and glucagon by the pancreas which ultimately determines if a patient has diabetes, hypoglycemia, or some other sugar problem. In this Article Insulin's Role in Blood Glucose Control Insulin Basics: How Insulin Helps Control Blood Glucose Levels Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by islet cells within the pancreas. They are both secreted in response to blood sugar levels, but in opposite fashion! Insulin is normally secreted by the beta cells (a type of islet cell) of the pancreas. The stimulus for insulin secretion is a HIGH blood glucose...it's as simple as that!  Although there is always a low level of insulin secreted by the pancreas, the amount secreted into the blood increases as the blood glucose rises. Similarly, as blood glucose falls, the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreatic islets goes down.  As can be seen in the picture, insulin has an effect on a number of cells, including muscle, red blood cells, and fat cells.  In response to insulin, these cells absorb glucose out of the blood, having the net effect of lowering the high blood glucose levels into the normal range. Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in much the same manner as insulin...except in the opposite direction. If blood glucose is high, then no glucagon is secreted.  When blood glucose goes LOW, however, (such as between meals, and during exercise) more and more glucagon is secreted. Like insulin, glucagon has an effect on many cells of the body, but most notably the liver. The Role of Glucagon in Blood Glucose Control The effect of glucagon is to make the liver release the glucose it has stored in its cells into the bloodstream, with the net effect of increasing blood glucose. Glucagon also induces the liver (and some other cells such as muscle) to make glucose out of building blocks obtained from other nutrients found in the body (eg, protein). Our bodies desire blood glucose to be maintained between 70 mg/dl and 110 mg/dl (mg/dl means milligrams of glucose in 100 milliliters of blood). Below 70 is termed "hypoglycemia." Above 110 can be normal if you have eaten within 2 to 3 hours.  That is why your doctor wants to measure your blood glucose while you are fasting...it should be between 70 and 110.  Even after you have eaten, however, your glucose should be below 180. Above 180 is termed "hyperglycemia" (which translates to mean "too much glucose in the blood"). If your 2 two blood sugar measurements above 200 after drinking a sugar-water drink (glucose tolerance test), then you are diagnosed with diabetes.   Updated on: 03/02/16


What American word, from French meaning lift, refers to an embankment preventing overflow of a river or other body of water?

Glossary of Water Words Glossary of Water Words Revised: January 26, 2006 This glossary is a layperson's resource to assist in communication about water right issues. It does not necessarily contain legal definitions. State statutes, rules, court decisions, and qualified legal counsel should be consulted when legal opinion is the objective. This is a collaborative work. We welcome input on additional terms and text improvement.   Click on a letter to jump: A· B· C· D· E· F· G· H· I· J· K· L· M· N· O· P· Q· R· S· T· U· V· W· X· Y· Z ABANDONED WELL well whose purpose and use have been permanently discontinued, or is in such disrepair that it cannot be used. ABANDONMENT when a water right has been voluntarily unused for five or more years. ABBREVIATIONS for a listing of frequently used abbreviations, click here ABUTMENT valley side against which a dam is constructed. Right or left abutments are as viewed when looking downstream. ABSTRACT OF TITLE a summary of the conveyance, transfers, and other facts appearing of record and relied upon as evidence of title to real property. ACCRETION process of accumulation by flowing water; gradual increase in the flow of a stream due to influent seepage. ACIDIC condition of water or soil that contains a sufficient amount of acid substances to lower the pH below 7.0. ACRE measure of area equal to 43,560 square feet (640 acres in a Section). ACRE-FOOT (AF) unit commonly used to measure volume of water; equal to 43,560 cubic feet, or 325,851 gallons (will cover one acre one foot deep). ACTIVE STORAGE CAPACITY amount of reservoir storage that can be released by gravity flow when the reservoir is not spilling. ADJUDICATION refers to a judicial process whereby water rights are determined or decreed by a court of law. ADVERSE USE establishing a water right by hostile means against all other water rights in a drainage basin. Not legal after 1939. ADVERTISE to provide notice, usually by publication of a legal notice in one of more newspapers, of a proposed appropriation of water, change of use of water, or an extension of time in which to submit proof of appropriation. AFFLUENT STREAM stream that flows into another stream, a lake; a tributary stream. AGGRADATION process by which stream beds, flood plains and the bottoms of other water bodies are raised in elevation by the deposition of material eroded and transported from other areas. AIR INJECTION pumping of compressed air into the soil to move water in the unsaturated zone down to the saturated zone. ALKALI 1) any strongly basic substance capable of neutralizing an acid that is soluble in water. 2) refers to soluble salts in soil, surface or ground water. ALLUVIAL adjective referring to soil or earth material that has been deposited by running water. ALLUVIAL FAN fan-shaped deposit of generally course material created where a stream flows out onto a gentle plain. ALLUVIAL STREAM 1) S-shaped channel pattern that is free to meander in a valley. 2) bed materials of silt, clay, sand and gravel are conveyed from upstream. ANISOTROPY having physical characteristics which vary in different directions. ANNUAL FLOOD highest peak discharge of a stream in a water year. ANNULUS in a well, the space between the well casing and the outer wall of the borehole. APPLICATION an official written request to the State Engineer for permission to initiate a water right, alter an existing water right, or alter a natural stream channel. APPROPRIATE to initiate a water right by requesting and receiving permission to beneficially use public waters. APPROVAL the granting of an application made to the State Engineer. Upon approval, the water right becomes appurtant to its place of use. APPURTENANT outlet works, spillway, access structure, bridges and other related structures to a dam. APPURTENANT TO PLACE OF USE a characterisitc of a water right such that when the land served is sold, the water right is automatically included in the sale, unless specifically exempted in the deed. AQUACULTURE science and business of cultivating food fish or shellfish for commercial pur


What word traditionally refers to a fictional inhabitant of the planet Mars, which extends loosely to aliens from elsewhere in space?

Visitors From Science Fiction - by Michael E. Grost "Stone Lives" (1985) Science Fiction: A Definition My personal Definition of Science Fiction: "Fiction which explores innovation, different from our world, in science, technology or society, and which is set in a universe run by rational scientific laws." The first half of this definition contrasts science fiction with "realism", which is set in the real world with little scientific or social difference from our own world depicted. The second half of this definition distinguishes science fiction from "fantasy", set in a universe run by some impossible postulate or principle (often magic). And from "supernatural fiction", set in a universe run by supernatural forces. Please see the Wikipedia article on "Definitions of science fiction" . It lists numerous definitions, many of which have much in common with my own, above. Good SF vs Bad SF. Unlike some of those definitions, mine is NOT an attempt to distinguish between goad and bad science fiction, or to define goals toward which good science fiction should aspire. Instead, my definition simply seeks to distinguish science fiction from other kinds of literature, such as realism, fantasy or the supernatural. Note: I very much agree that defining good science fiction is a worthwhile task. And that the definitions of people like Heinlein or Sturgeon that attempt to point to good science fiction make informative reading. My definition simply does not attempt to do this - instead, it tries to differentiate science fiction from other kinds of fiction. Actual SF Tales and the Definition. Both the definitions in the Wikipedia article, and my own definition, reflect the common practice of numerous actual science fiction writers and their stories. These definitions are not, or at least not entirely, a priori prescriptions for how sf should be written. Instead, they reflect the underlying principles of countless real science fiction tales. Obviously, there are worthwhile tales that say, mix science fiction and fantasy, and which thus do not conform to the above definition. So there are good stories that fall outside my definition, and most of the definitions in the Wikipedia. But the big point: most good science fiction tales do conform to these definitions. Maybe at least 95% of the tales in the field. So such definitions are very much worth keeping in mind. They make explicit the ideas underlying most, although not quite all, of the successful stories in the sf field. (Ideas in the arts do not need to cover every artwork to have value. An idea, even if it has many exceptions, can illuminate big chunks of a field, and thus be useful and valid.) The above definition works just as well for "literary" authors of science fiction, such as Karel Capek, Margaret Atwood or William S. Burroughs, as it does for genre writers like Asimov and Heinlein. Burroughs' book Nova Express very much deals with innovations like aliens invading Earth, and "word viruses". While its literary technique is highly experimental, its content is squarely within the boundaries of the above sf definition. Writers like Capek, Atwood and Burroughs clearly saw value in science fiction paradigms, and choose to write books with science fiction as the underlying principle. Alternate Paths. Two kinds of fiction are often published as "science fiction", but do not correspond well with most definitions of science fiction, including mine: Alternate History: tales which show, for example, what might have happened if the South won the US Civil War, or the Black Death never happened. Alternate Paths: tales which show how a person's life might have been different if they had married someone else, or caught a different train. These are popular in the movies. Both of these kinds of stories are interesting and legitimate. But the fact is, that they do not correspond well with most definitions of science fiction - or with most standard kinds of science fiction books and films actually made. It is not clear if such tales are "really" science fiction.


What conifer shrub is known traditionally and offensively as 'bastard killer', because its berries were used to procure abortion?

Sptwebmail: Subversion: tags1.2.3configdictionaryen_GB.dic — Project Kenai and Size: 541997 bytes, 1 line ACM ANSI ASAP ASCII ATM's Achilles Ada Ada's Afghanistan Afghanistan's Africa Africa's African African's Africans Airedale Airedale's Alabama Alabama's Alabamian Alabamian's Alaska Alaska's Albania Albania's Albanian Albanian's Albanians Alcibiades Alden Alden's Algeria Algeria's Algerian Algerian's Algol Algol's Allah Allah's Alyssa Alyssa's Amanda Amanda's Amdahl Amdahl's Amelia Amelia's America America's American American's Americana Americans Americas Ames Amsterdam Amsterdam's Amtrak Amtrak's Anabaptist Anabaptist's Anabaptists Andorra Andorra's Angeleno Angeleno's Angelenos Anglican Anglican's Anglicanism Anglicanism's Anglicans Anglophilia Anglophilia's Anglophobia Anglophobia's Angola Angola's Antarctica Antarctica's Aphrodite Aphrodite's Apollo Apollo's Apollonian Appalachia Appalachia's Appalachian Appalachian's Appalachians April April's Aprils Aquarius Arab Arab's Arabia Arabia's Arabian Arabian's Arabians Arabic Arabic's Arabs Archie Archie's Argentina Argentina's Argo Argo's Argos Arianism Arianism's Arianist Arianist's Arianists Aries Aristotelian Aristotelian's Aristotle Aristotle's Arizona Arizona's Arkansas Arkansas's Armageddon Armageddon's Armenian Armenian's Armour Armour's Armstrong Armstrong's Artemis Aryan Aryan's Aryans Asia Asia's Asian Asian's Asians Asiatic Asiatic's Asiatics Assyrian Assyrian's Assyriology Assyriology's Athena Athena's Athenian Athenian's Athenians Athens Atlantic Atlantic's Auckland Auckland's Audubon Audubon's Augusta Augusta's Augusts Austin Austin's Australia Australia's Australian Australian's Australians Austria Austria's Austrian Austrian's Ave BSD Babel Babel's Bach Bach's Bagrodia Bagrodia's Bagrodias Balkan Balkan's Balkans Baltic Baltic's Bangladesh Bangladesh's Bantu Bantu's Bantus Barbados Baxter Baxter's Beethoven Beethoven's Belgian Belgian's Belgians Belgium Belgium's Bellovin Bellovin's Belushi Belushi's Benedict Benedict's Benedictine Benedictine's Bengal Bengal's Bengali Bengali's Benzedrine Benzedrine's Bergsten Bergsten's Berkeley Berkeley's Berlin Berlin's Berliner Berliners Bermuda Bermuda's Bessel Bessel's Beverly Beverly's Bilbo Bilbo's Bolivia Bolivia's Bologna Bologna's Bolshevik Bolshevik's Bolsheviks Bolshevism Bolshevism's Borneo Borneo's Boston Boston's Bostonian Bostonian's Bostonians Botswana Botswana's Bourne Bourne's Brazil Brazil's Brazilian Brazilian's Bresenham Bresenham's Britain Britain's British Britisher Britishly Briton Briton's Britons Buehring Buehring's CDC CDC's CEO CMOS CPU CPU's CPUs California California's Californian Californian's Californians Cambridge Cambridge's Canada Canada's Carolina Carolina's Carolinas Cartesian Chinese Chinese's Christian Christian's Christians Christiansen Christmas Cobol Cobol's Coleman Coleman's Colorado Colorado's Comdex Comdex's Cray Cray's Crays Cupertino Cupertino's Czechoslovakian DARPA DARPA's DECNET DOS Dan Dan's DeMorgan DeMorgan's Debbie Debbie's December December's Decembers Delaware Delaware's Denmark Denmark's Dijkstra Dijkstra's Diophantine Dylan Dylan's EDP EGA EGA's Edsger Edsger's Ellen Ellen's Elvis Elvis's English English's Erlang Erlang's Ethernet Ethernet's Ethernets Europe Europe's European European's Europeans FIFO Fairbanks Februaries February February's Felder Florida Florida's Fortran Fortran's Fourier Fourier's France France's Frances French French's Friday Friday's Fridays GPSS Galvin Galvin's Garfunkel Geoff Geoff's Geoffrey Geoffrey's German German's Germans Germany Germany's Gibson Gibson's Gipsies Gipsy Gipsy's Godzilla Godzilla's Gothic Greek Greek's Greeks Greg Greg's Heinlein Heinlein's Hewlett Hewlett's Holland Holland's Hollander Hollanders Hollands Honda Honda's Hz I'd I'll I'm I've IBM IBM's IEEE ITCorp ITCorp's ITcorp ITcorp's Illinois Inc India India's Indian Indian's Indiana Indiana's Indians Intel Intel's Internet Internet's Iran Iran's Ireland Ireland's Israel Israel's Israeli Israeli's Israelis Italian Italian's Italians James Januaries January Janua


Name Google's 3D mapping service, launched in the US in 2007?

Our history in depth – Company – Google 1995-1997 1995 Larry Page and Sergey Brin meet at Stanford. Larry, 22, a U        Michigan grad, is considering the school; Sergey, 21, is assigned to show him around. 1996 Larry and Sergey begin collaborating on a search engine called BackRub . BackRub operates on       Stanford servers for more than a year—eventually taking up too much bandwidth. 1997 Google.com is registered as a domain on September 15. The name—a play on the word       "googol," a mathematical term for the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by       100 zeros—reflects Larry and Sergey's mission to organize a seemingly infinite amount       of information on the web. 1998 April Larry launches a monthly " Google Friends Newsletter " to inform       fans about company news. (We've since shut down Google Friends Newsletter in favor of       blogs, Google+ and other methods of sharing       news .) August Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim writes a check for $100,000 to an entity that       doesn't exist yet—a company called Google Inc. Before heading to the Burning Man festival in the Nevada desert, Larry and Sergey       incorporate the iconic Man into the logo to keep people informed       about where the Google crew would be for a few days—our first doodle . September On September 4, Google files for incorporation in California. Larry and Sergey open       a bank account in the newly-established company's name and deposit Andy Bechtolsheim's       check. Google sets up workspace in Susan Wojcicki's garage on Santa Margarita Ave., Menlo       Park, Calif. Larry and Sergey hire their first employee. Craig       Silverstein is a fellow CS grad student at Stanford who works at Google for 10+       years before joining education startup Khan Academy. December "PC Magazine" reports that Google "has an uncanny knack for returning extremely relevant        results" and recognizes us as the search engine of choice in the Top 100 Web Sites        for 1998. 1999 February We outgrow our garage office and move to new digs at 165 University       Avenue in Palo Alto with just eight employees. April Yoshka, our first "company" dog, comes to work with our senior vice president of operations, Urs Hölzle. May Omid Kordestani joins to run sales—employee #11. Ten years later, Omid steps down       from his active role in the company, becoming a senior advisor. June Our first       press release announces a $25 million round from Sequoia Capital and Kleiner       Perkins; John Doerr and Michael Moritz join the board. August We move to our first Mountain View location: 2400       Bayshore . Mountain View is a few miles south of Stanford University, and north of       the older towns of Silicon Valley: Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, San Jose. November We hire our first chef, Charlie       Ayers (his previous claim to fame was catering for the Grateful Dead; he now owns a       cafe in Palo Alto). Today Google's food programs focus on providing healthy,       sustainably sourced food to fuel Googlers around the world. 2000 April We announce the MentalPlex : Google's       ability to read your mind as you visualize the search results you want. Thus begins our       annual foray in the Silicon Valley tradition of April 1 hoaxes. May We win our first Webby Awards: Technical Achievement (voted by judges) and Peoples'       Voice (voted by users). We run a series of       doodles featuring a little alien—our first doodle series and the first doodle not       associated with any particular event. The first 10 language versions of Google.com are released : French, German, Italian, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch,        Norwegian and Danish. Today, search is available in 150+ languages. July Our first international doodle celebrates Bastille Day in France. September Google New York starts        in a Starbucks on 86th Stree


The 'mast' of a beech tree refers to its?

BBC - Nature UK: It's a "mast year"...of course it is I hear you say It's a "mast year"...of course it is I hear you say Jeremy Torrance web producer | 11:35 UK time, Thursday, 28 October 2010 You'd be forgiven for not knowing this, certainly judging by the sea of blank faces around the Autumnwatch production office, although there were a few smug ones too. 'Masting' refers to a natural phenomenon where exceptional amounts of forest tree fruit are produced, such as acorns and nuts. The OED defines "mast" as : a.The fruit of beech, oak, chestnut, and other woodland trees, esp. when fallen and used as food for pigs, etc. Also in extended use and (rarely) in pl. Also (in early use): pasture for pigs (obs.). And "mast year" as: n. a year in which woodland trees produce a good crop of mast. So while "mast" is usually referred to within an agricultural context, a great crop of woodland fruit means a lot to the birds, mammals, insects and fungi which live there. Its by no means restricted to our habitats and can be seen across the globe.


The popular TV talkshow Satyamev Jayate (Truth Alone Prevails) achieves viewing figures of 400 million in what country (as at 2012)?

OPEN Magazine 17 February 2014 by Open Media Network - issuu issuu How hot is the Indian art scene? RS 35 17 f e b r u a r y 2 0 14 INSIDE Shakeela: the life of a soft-porn star l i f e a n d t i m e s . e v e r y w e e k MY CARE, MY WAY The Mental Health Care Bill, 2013, currently pending in Parliament, puts the patient in charge of his future care. Is that wise? Open Mail | editor@openmedianetwork.in Editor Manu Joseph managing Editors Rajesh Jha, PR Ramesh Deputy Editor Aresh Shirali Features and Sports Editor Akshay Sawai Senior Editors Kishore Seram, Haima Deshpande (Mumbai) Mumbai bureau chief Madhavankutty Pillai associate editors Dhirendra Kumar Jha, Rahul Pandita assistant editors Anil Budur Lulla (Bangalore), Shahina KK, Aastha Atray Banan, Mihir Srivastava, Chinki Sinha, Sohini Chattopadhyay Special Correspondents Aanchal Bansal, Lhendup Gyatso Bhutia (Mumbai), Gunjeet Sra Assistant Art Directors Tarun Sehgal, Anirban Ghosh SENIOR DESIGNER Anup Banerjee photo editor Ruhani Kaur assistant Photo editor Ritesh Uttamchandani (Mumbai) Staff Photographers Ashish Sharma, Raul Irani Editorial Researcher Shailendra Tyagi asst Editor (web) Arindam Mukherjee staff writer Devika Bakshi Associate publisher Deepa Gopinath Associate general managers (advertisement) Rajeev Marwaha (North and East), Karl Mistry (West), Krishnanand Nair (South) Manager—Marketing Raghav National Head—Distribution and Sales Ajay Gupta regional heads—circulation D Charles (South), Melvin George (West), Basab Ghosh (East) Head—production Maneesh Tyagi pre-press manager Sharad Tailang cfo Anil Bisht hEAD—it Hamendra Singh publisher Kesava Chandra For the purpose of this essay, ‘The Elusive Tagore’ (27 January 2014), I wish the author had compared Tagore’s translations with those of other Bengali / Indian poets. Are they all bad? Is Nazrul Islam’s—the other great Bengali poet—work as badly translated (if at all)? Or are all Indian poets / Indian poetry simply mired in mediocrity? I think herein lies the key: poets writing in Indian languages are hardly translated into English. Tagore, and to I suspect translating some extent Iqbal, are poetry in Indian the only exceptions to languages into English this rule. Out of the has been rather three millennia of daunting. Either that, Sanskrit poetic tradior the 3,000 years of tion, for instance, I find Indian poetic tradition only Kalidasa being has been an exercise in bestowed with popular mediocrity English translations. Even epic poetry such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata are mostly translated as prose (not the case with, say, the Iliad). I suspect this is because translating poetry in Indian languages into English has been rather daunting. Either that, or the 3,000 years of Indian poetic tradition has been an exercise in mediocrity.  letter of the week R Rajmohan All rights reserved throughout the world. Reproduction in any manner is prohibited. Printed and published by R Rajmohan on behalf of the owner, Open Media Network Pvt Ltd. Printed at Thomson Press India Ltd., 18-35 Milestone, Delhi Mathura Road, Faridabad—121007, (Haryana). Published at 4, DDA Commercial Complex, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi-110017. Ph: (011) 30934199; Fax: (011) 30934162 To subscribe, sms ‘openmagazine’ to 56070 or log on to www.openthemagazine.com Or call our Toll Free Number 1800 300 22 000 or email at: subscription@openmedianetwork.in For corporate sales, email ajay@openmedianetwork.in For marketing alliances, email alliances@openmedianetwork.in For advertising, email advt@openmedianetwork.in Volume 6 Issue 6 For the week 11—17 February 2014 Total No. of pages 64 + Covers cover illustration Anirban Ghosh Rahul’s Tactful Move unlike Arvind Kejriwal and Narendra Modi who cannot take along their parties as team players, Rahul Gandhi has demonstrated that he does things democratically (‘Charge of the Youth Brigade’, 10 February 2014). In spite of opposition in local units, he has ensured that nominees to the Rajya Sabha (who are veterans) are elected. His young team is full of sons and daughters of veterans. This way, the youth


What is Python for Google, Yahoo, Youtube and many major online corporations?

OrganizationsUsingPython - Python Wiki OrganizationsUsingPython Login Here are links to just a few of the organizations that use Python. You can also read some Python success stories , and look through the papers from the various Python conferences to find other organizations that are using Python. There is also a user-created video that provides a presentation of a selection of the various uses of Python. Contents Yahoo Groups A comprehensive public archive of Internet mailing lists that was originally implemented in pure Python. At one point Scott Hassan, one of the founders of Findmail/eGroups (the company that was later acquired by Yahoo), reported that they had 180,000 lines of Python underlying everything from their 100% dynamic website to all email delivery, pumping out 200 messages/second on a single 400 MHz Pentium. Ultraseek Ultraseek Server, a commercial search engine product, is implemented as an elaborate multi-threaded Python program with primitive indexing and search operations performed by a built-in module. Most of the program is written in Python, and both the built-in spider and HTTP server can be customized with additional Python code. The program contains over 11,000 lines of Python code, and the user interface is implemented with over 17,000 lines of Python-scripted HTML templates. hunch hunch is a new type of AI filter, and a decision engine, as well as a social networking site. hunch uses Python primarily for their user interface, but their Jobs criteria only ask's for Python experience, so they probably use it to glue things together as well. Ianchat.com is a US based provider of Web Therapy, Telephone Therapy, and In person Therapy which uses python for its website and incorporates a unified communication system which provides simple counseling and consulting solutions for many professionals worldwide. Games Crystal Space The Crystal Space 3D Engine uses python for scripting through a plug-in mechanism. Python scripts can be dynamically invoked from within the engine depending on game specific actions. Python can also be used to program the main game core. It has full access to the C++ Crystal Space API. The Temple of Elemental Evil and Vampire: The Masquerade: Bloodlines "Greyhawk: The Temple of Elemental Evil" and "Vampire: The Masquerade: Bloodlines" use Python extensively for pretty much everything except the rendering engines - game logic, interface, etc. Both games have strong modding communities. There is a short interview with Steve Moret from Troika Games about using Python in ToEE (and looking forwards to Bloodlines). The new addition to the legendary strategy game series has all its inner logic, including AI, implemented in Python. The interface is exposed, so the modding community can easily take advantage of it. QuArK (Quake Army Knife) QuArK is a level-editor for Quake, Quake II and Half-Life written mostly in Python. One can also write plug-ins for it in Python. Other commercial games that have used Python include: Cyan's Uru / Myst V Freedom Force EVE Online (MMORPG) There's a paper from the 2002 Game Developer Conference that provides more information about Python and game development. Graphics HKS, Inc. (ABAQUS/CAE) Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc. have incorporated Python into their ABAQUS/CAE finite element analysis programs. From their March, 1998 product newsletter: "One of the keys to enhanced productivity is the ability to customize the user interface of ABAQUS/CAE easily for particular applications. To achieve this goal, we have embedded the Python programming language (www.python.org) as a command scripting and GUI extensibility tool." Caligari Corporation Caligari Corporation's flagship product, trueSpace, uses Python to allow users rapid prototyping with scripting. trueSpace is a 3D modeling and animation tool, and with Python, users can now create custom modeling and animation effects, as well as create a simple interactive application or a game prototype entirely inside trueSpace. Starting with Version 8, Paint Shop Pro uses Python as its scripting language. Finan


Which vast UK banking corporation suffered major computer failure during June 2012, impacting the cashflow of millions of customers and businesses, and exposing the company to tens of millions of pounds compensation liabilities?

Accounting & Business (UK edition)_January 2012 by ACCA - issuu issuu uk.ab accounting and businesS 01/2012 AB accounting and business UK 01/2012 mending capitalism getting business and society back in tune tony fernandes the asian entrepreneur living a british sporting dream shell inside the energy giant interview guoman hotels audit facing an eu overhaul UK_front_cover.indd 1 3 Editor’s choice Will this be the year when a serious effort is made to repair the damaging schism between business and society opened up by the financial crisis? We explore what some are calling a crisis of capitalism in our cover feature, starting on page 22 HARD TIMES The coming year is one where true grit will be required. I write this in the run-up to Christmas, just days after tens of thousands of public sector workers marched through London in protest at proposed cuts to their pensions, their route taking them past ACCA’s headquarters. It was a civilised affair – teachers, librarians, civil servants, healthcare workers – but there was no mistaking their anger, fuelled even further by the chancellor’s Autumn Statement, which capped public sector pay rises at 1%. When inflation and existing pay freezes are taken into account, this means that millions of UK wage-earners are being given an effective salary cut of some 15% over the lifetime of this parliament. Huge ranks of public sector workers with less money in their pockets will make things even more difficult for the private sector, where many staff are also finding that their salaries are declining in real terms. Finance professionals around the country will be grappling with the challenges presented by these difficult conundrums. Determination, thoughtfulness and perseverance will be required. But all this doesn’t mean that there aren’t still examples of business success and growth – we look at two of them in this issue. Our interview on page 14 with Tara Ridgeway FCCA, FD of Guoman, which has deluxe hotels in iconic locations across London, illustrates that there is still a market for luxury in these straitened times. Meanwhile, Asian entrepreneur Tony Fernandes FCCA (page 18), tells us about his new no-frills hotel chain and the growth of his budget airline, AirAsia, along with his experiences in the Lord Sugar role of the Asian version of The Apprentice. ‘Believe the unbelievable, dream the impossible and never take no for an answer,’ he advises those setting out on their careers. In 2012, more than ever, they will be in need of such hope and inspiration. Happy new year. I hope you find the hope, inspiration and grit you will need to survive it. Chris Quick, chris.quick@accaglobal.com BABEL BUSTER With more than 100 countries having adopted IFRS and the US tiptoeing closer, the cost-benefit tipping point for adopters has now been reached. Page 26 UK_B_Edletter.indd 3 2012’s ALPHABET From A is for Asia – or anywhere but Europe – right up to the Z generation, we list the 26 themes that will help to define this year. Page 33 TECHNICAL WEBINARS Automating internal reporting processes www2.accaglobal.com/automate Integrated reporting www2.accaglobal.com/integrated NEW YEAR NEW JOB Check out thousands of jobs and expert careers advice at www. accacareers.com 08/12/2011 10:48 AB UK EDITION CONTENTS JANUARY 2012 VOLUME 15 ISSUE 1 Editor-in-chief Chris Quick chris.quick@accaglobal.com +44 (0)20 7059 5966 Asia editor Colette Steckel colette.steckel@accaglobal.com +44 (0)20 7059 5965 International editor Lesley Bolton lesley.bolton@accaglobal.com +44 (0)20 7059 5965 Sub-editors Peter Kernan, Eva Peaty, Vivienne Riddoch Design manager Jackie Dollar jackie.dollar@accaglobal.com +44 (0)20 7059 5620 Designers Robert Mills, Jane C Reid Production manager Anthony Kay anthony.kay@accaglobal.com Advertising James Fraser jfraser@educate-direct.com +44 (0)20 7902 1224 Head of publishing Adam Williams adam.williams@accaglobal.com +44 (0)20 7059 5601 Printing Wyndeham Group Pictures Corbis ACCA President Dean Westcott FCCA Deputy president Barry Cooper FCCA Vice president Martin Turner FCCA Chief executive


In the Christian Church of England, the title 'The Very Reverend' usually suggests what job title, also called a 'cathedral provost'?

Glossary of Anglican Clergy titles Glossary of Anglican Clergy Titles (NOTE: in the worldwide Anglican church there are three – and only three – basic types of ordained person: a bishop, a priest, and/or a deacon.  With very few exceptions, the people who hold the offices and titles in the glossary on this page will always be either a bishop, a priest or a deacon, and the title being defined is overlayed on top of that primary order.) Bishop a member of the clergy who has been commissioned to oversee the work of a group of congregations and the priests and deacons who serve them.  That group of congregations is called a “diocese.”  Only a bishop may ordain persons to the order of deacon and priest.  A bishop may also ordain another bishop, but must do so in the company of other bishops.  A bishop must have been previously ordained as a priest. Priest a member of the clergy who has been commissioned to preside at gatherings around the Lord’s Table (the Holy Communion), and to extend assurance of God’s forgiveness to those who truly repent of their sins.  A person who is a priest must previously have been ordained as a deacon, and continues to be a deacon throughout his or her life as a priest.  Recently in certain quarters the word “presbyter” has also begun to be used for this order (see glossary entry for presbyter ). Deacon a member of the clergy who has been commissioned to proclaim the Gospel, assist at the Holy Communion, and to call the church – by word and example – to its ministry of service and healing. Are you writing a letter or an email to a member of the Anglican clergy?  Click here to see some forms of address that you might want to use. The Glossary Archdeacon a member of the clergy who is appointed to assist the bishop in certain administrative and pastoral duties in a diocese.  For example, an archdeacon may have responsibility for a district comprising a group of parishes, and the archdeacon may represent the bishop at church meetings in that district (the district is usually called an ‘Archdeaconry’).  Despite the name, there is now no direct connection with the order of deacon , and an archdeacon is generally one of the priests of a diocese.  The position and title normally expires upon resignation or retirement, although certain retired archdeacons with long and faithful service might continue be called "Archdeacon" out of affection and respect. Bishop-elect a person who has been chosen to become a bishop, but who has not yet been consecrated. 1   The word “elect” does not necessarily mean “democratically elected.”  It simply means “chosen.” Anglican bishops are selected by a variety of means: some are elected by the clergy and laity of the diocese where they will serve, but some are selected by a specially-constituted committee (often called an “Electoral College”).  In England, historically, bishops were simply appointed, by the Monarch. Chaplain a member of the clergy whose employment is not in a parish or congregation, but does pastoral care and organizes worship services within a non-religious organization: eg. a hospital chaplain, a school chaplain, or a military chaplain. Less commonly, a “chaplain” may be a spiritual advisor and personal assistant to a bishop, or to a monarch. Commissary a person appointed to exercise the administrative functions of a bishop , when the actual bishop is either away from the diocese or is ill.  A commissary may not perform any of the spiritual functions of a bishop, such as ordinations.  The position of commissary is usually not a permanent one, and expires immediately upon the return of the bishop. Curate a deacon or a priest who functions as an assistant or subordinate to the Incumbent of a parish.  The word “curate” refers to the “cure of souls” or “care” of souls, and suggests a primary and senior responsibility (indeed, in a French-speaking Roman Catholic church the senior priest of a parish is called a curé); however, in the Anglican Church, a curate is always an assistant. Dean the most common meaning of this word in Anglicanism is, ‘a priest who is the


The Millau Viaduct over the river Tarn valley near Millau in southern France holds what global bridge record (at 2012) ?

World's Tallest Suspension Bridge Opens in South France  on Schedule, within Budget - Site Selection Online Multinational Design, Engineering Roots      Much of the bridge, though, actually has multinational      roots.      The design of the slender white viaduct - which      Chirac called "a miracle of equilibrium" - was conceived by London-based Foster and Partners ( www.fosterandpartners.com ),      headed by noted British architect Sir Norman Foster. The UK company      worked with Dutch engineering firm Arcadis ( www.arcadis-us.com ),      which was tapped for the bridge's technical design.      The bridge's engineering work was done by SETEC Engineering ( www.setec.at ), the arm of the of Germany's Gauff Group that played a major role in building the EuroTunnel. SETEC's team was led by acclaimed French engineer Michel Virlogeux, who devised the bridge's original concept.      But despite its rapid construction pace and on-budget      performance, the French project came to life only after many decades      of deliberation.      Clearly, the area around the city of Millau needed      a drastic Each of the Millau Bridge's seven massive piers         (pictured) is composed of 16 sections. Each section weighs 2,453         tons. Photo: PERI GmbH realignment of its surface infrastructure. Peak-season summer traffic      to the Cote d'Azur and Spain was creating tremendous bottlenecks in      Millau, a city of some 22,000 residents. Traffic was routed down into      the valley and through Millau, where it slowed to a crawl. Solution Didn't Come Quickly      The answer, though, wasn't so clear. The time-consuming      rub lay in coming up with a structural solution that didn't detract      from an area highly prized for its natural beauty.      Franco planners considered four different bridge      types, including one option requiring four separate spans. They also      looked into burrowing a tunnel beneath the Tarn Gorge. In 1989, the      French at last decided to build a single bridge across the middle of      the gorge just east of Millau. Not until 1996, though, did national      officials approve the cable-stayed design.      The towering viaduct that's finally materialized only takes motorists a little more than a minute to cross. But its distinctive design and engineering are drawing raves from the global community centered on the business of building.      Guardian architectural critic Jonathan Glancey, for example, called it "an epic work of art. . . . Of course, it is possible to design far more mundane bridges . . . But, just as our medieval cathedrals or greatest skyscrapers have an ambition far beyond utility, so do the finest bridges."      That was what designers were aiming for, Foster explained at the dedication.      "In our civilization, infrastructure is fundamental,"      he said. "Public spaces, avenues, bridges over rivers - these are what      bring men together and condition our quality of life. But there are      also needs which one cannot measure, which are more spiritual." Huge Structure Seemingly 'Vanishes'      One of the Millau Viaduct's most striking aspects is its unique fusion of size and strength with a sense of slightness. "The bridge could not look as if it had been         tacked onto the scenery," said designer Norman Foster (pictured).         "It had to rise out of the landscape with the delicacy of a butterfly."      "From some angles, the structure is quite ethereal,      almost vanishing in the bright light of this high and immense country,"      Glancey observed.      But the Millau Bridge is immense as well. The roadway      alone weighs some 39,600 tons (36,000 metric tons). The total structure's      weight is about 266,000 tons (242,000 metric tons) - 226,000 tons (206,000      metric tons) of concrete and 40,000 tons (36,000 metric tons) of steel.      Much of that steel went into the 154 stays attached


The Latin term meaning 'among other things' is?

Inter alia - definition of inter alia by The Free Dictionary Inter alia - definition of inter alia by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/inter+alia Also found in: Legal , Acronyms . in·ter a·li·a  (ĭn′tər ā′lē-ə, ä′lē-ə) adv. [Latin : inter, among + alia, neuter accusative pl. of alius, other.] inter alia in•ter a•li•a (ˈɪn tɛr ˈɑ lɪˌɑ; Eng. ˈɪn tər ˈeɪ li ə, ˈɑ li ə) adv. Latin. A Latin phrase meaning among other things. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: inter alia - among other things; "the committee recommended, inter alia, that he be promoted" Translations Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Write what you mean clearly and correctly. References in classic literature ? Psychology is concerned, inter alia, with our sensations when we see a piece of matter, as opposed to the matter which we see. Case creates new twist on lost profit claims Subject, inter alia, to shareholder approval to the conversion of the existing convertible preference shares, the banking syndicate will extend the maturity of its existing facilities provided to WPP to June 1997 and will provide new facilities of up to $150 million to the Group for a period of two years. WPP GROUP PLC SIGNS AGREEMENT WITH BANKING SYNDICATE Under the Restructuring Agreement, SSTY agreed to: (1) terminate in its entirety the March 16, 2006 licensing agreement between SSTY and TPID, wherein SSTY licensed to TPID certain contractual rights of SSTY in exchange for, inter alia, a royalty, and certain payments to SSTY and others and repayment; and (2) strike in its entirety certain provisions of the March 17, 2006 Agreement to Issue Stock for Technology License between SSTY and TPID, wherein SSTY could have received TPID shares in addition to the shares SSTY had already received and had distributed to its shareholders as a dividend.


What prestigious learning institution is in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US?

Cambridge Universities and Colleges | Cambridge.net Cambridge.net Cambridge Universities and Colleges The city of Cambridge in Massachusetts is best known for being one of the world’s leading intellectual hubs. In fact, over 100 of the world’s 780 Nobel Prize Winners have had some sort of affiliation with Cambridge during their careers. While Cambridge is best known for being home to two of the world’s most prestigious universities – Harvard and MIT – there are numerous other Cambridge universities and colleges that also have a great reputation. Harvard University Harvard University is certainly the best known of the Cambridge universities and colleges. The university is part of the Ivy League and is a very prestigious, private university. It was founded in 1636 and is the oldest higher learning institution in the United States. As well as being the oldest university in the USA, it also has one of the best reputations. Considered to be one of the best (if not the best) universities in the world, Harvard University attracts some of the world’s brightest minds. The university is large with over 21,000 students – most of which live on campus in Cambridge. The main campus stretches across over 200 acres of land, and the Allston campus is set on 359 acres. A wide range of courses are offered at Harvard University, however there is a focus on the arts and sciences. The business and law schools are particularly renowned, with many of the USA’s top businessmen and women graduating from these schools. Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology – best known simply as MIT – is also one of the most recognizable universities in the world. The university is made up of five different schools and the majority of courses there have a very strong scientific and technological emphasis. MIT dates back to 1861, and was originally located in the Massachusetts capital of Boston. It later moved to Cambridge in 1916 and has stayed there ever since. The university is relatively small in comparison to its neighbor – Harvard University. There are approximately 4,200 students enrolled as undergraduates and 6,150 as postgraduates. Entry into any of MIT’s courses is incredibly competitive. Lesley University A less-known Cambridge university, but still a very good one is Lesley University. The university is largely aimed towards postgraduate students – with over 9,000 currently enrolled compared to just over 1,000 undergraduates. There are two Lesley University campuses – one in Boston and the other in Cambridge. Founded in 1909, the university was originally a ladies college specializing in early childhood education. While it still has an emphasis on education and teaching, there are currently over 20 undergraduate majors and 90 postgraduate majors to choose from. As well as on-campus courses, there are also a range of off-campus and online classes available for adult learners. They offer a very flexible approach to learning. Hult International Business School Another one of the best Cambridge universities and colleges is the Hult International Business School. The school has several campuses around the world including one in San Francisco, London, Dubai and Shanghai. Hult International Business School is ranked as one of the best business schools in the world, and many of the world’s highest earners have attended the school. The college is situated approximately one mile away from MIT and has been there since 2003. They offer a wide range of business-related courses including the Master of International Business, Master of Finance and the MBA. Longy School of Music The Longy School of Music is a prestigious Cambridge university and conservatory situated close to the central Harvard Square. The school was founded in 1915 by a member of the Boston Symphony Orchestra; it was originally located in Boston but moved over to Cambridge in 1930. The school had a strong relationship with both Harvard and Radcliffe Colleges, with many of the most talented musicians from these colleges studying at Longy’s music facilities. Th


The conium plant genus is better known as what poison?

Conium maculatum TOXINZ - Poisons Information   [1] Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM. Nicotinic plant poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009 Sep; 47 (8): 771-81. [2] Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Becket G, Beasley DM. Poisoning due to water hemlock. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009 Apr; 47 (4): 270-8. [3] Cooper MR, Johnson AW. Poisonous plants in Britain and their effects on animals and man. London: Crown Copyright; 1984. p. 229. [4] Kingsbury JM. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall; 1964. p. 381. [5] Everist SL. Poisonous plants of Australia. Sydney: Angus & Robertson Publishers; 1981. p. 718. [6] Vetter J. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Food Chem Toxicol 2004 Sep; 42 (9): 1373-82. [7] Chen HY, Albertson TE, Olson KR. Treatment of drug-induced seizures. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016 Mar; 81 (3): 412-9. [8] Chyka PA, Seger D, Krenzelok EP, Vale JA. Position paper: Single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2005; 43 (2): 61-87. [9] Fountain JS, Beasley DM. Activated charcoal supercedes ipecac as gastric decontaminant. N Z Med J 1998 Oct 23; 111 (1076): 402-4. [10] Brent J, Wallace KL, Burkhart KK, Phillips SD, Donovan JW, editors. Critical Care Toxicology. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier Mosby; 2005. p. 1321. [11] Rizzi D, Basile C, Di Maggio A, Sebastio A, Introna F Jr, Rizzi R, Scatizzi A, De Marco S, Smialek JE. Clinical spectrum of accidental hemlock poisoning: neurotoxic manifestations, rhabdomyolysis and acute tubular necrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991; 6 (12): 939-43. [12] Drummer OH, Roberts AN, Bedford PJ, Crump KL, Phelan MH. Three deaths from hemlock poisoning. Med J Aust 1995 Jun 5; 162 (11): 592-3. [13] Everist SL. Poisonous plants of Australia. Sydney: Angus & Robertson Publishers; 1981. p. 717-20. [15] Lopez TA, Cid MS, Bianchini ML. Biochemistry of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) alkaloids and their acute and chronic toxicity in livestock. A review. Toxicon 1999 Jun; 37 (6): 841-65. [16] Frank BS, Michelson WB, Panter KE, Gardner DR. Ingestion of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). West J Med 1995 Dec; 163 (6): 573-4. [17] Biberci E, Altuntas Y, Cobanoglu A, Alpinar A. Acute respiratory arrest following hemlock (Conium maculatum) intoxication. [Letter] J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002; 40 (4): 517-8. [18] Short SB, Edwards WC. Accidental Conium maculata poisoning in the rabbit. Vet Hum Toxicol 1989 Feb; 31 (1): 54-7. [19] [20] Mitchell J, Rook A. Botanical dermatology: plants and plant products injurious to the skin. Vancouver: Greengrass; 1979. [21] Bruneton J. Toxic plants dangerous to humans and animals. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing; 1999. p. 108-13. [23] West PL, Horowitz BZ, Montanaro MT, Lindsay JN. Poison hemlock-induced respiratory failure in a toddler. Pediatr Emerg Care 2009 Nov; 25 (11): 761-3. [24] Scatizzi A, Di Maggio A, Rizzi D, Sebastio AM, Basile C. Acute renal failure due to tubular necrosis caused by wildfowl-mediated hemlock poisoning. Ren Fail 1993; 15 (1): 93-6. [25] Rizzi D, Basile C, Di Maggio A, Sebastio A, Introna F Jr, Rizzi R, Bruno S, Scatizzi A, De Marco S. Rhabdomyolysis and acute tubular necrosis in coniine (hemlock) poisoning. [Letter] Lancet 1989 Dec 16; 2 (8677): 1461-2. [26] Frank AA, Reed WM. Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) toxicosis in a flock of range turkeys. Avian Dis 1987 Apr-Jun; 31 (2): 386-8. [27] Panter KE, Bunch TD, Keeler RF, Sisson DV, Callan RJ. Multiple congenital contractures (MCC) and cleft palate induced in goats by ingestion of piperidine alkaloid-containing plants: reduction in fetal movement as the probable cause. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1990; 28 (1): 69-83. [28] Keeler RF. Coniine, a teratogenic principle from Conium maculatum producing congenital malformations in calves. Clin Toxicol 1974 Apr; 7 (2): 195-206. [29] Keeler RF, Balls LD. Teratogenic effects in cattle of Conium maculatum and conium alkaloids and analogs. Clin Toxicol 1978; 12 (1): 49-64. [30] CROMWELL BT. The separation, micro-estimation and distribution of the alkaloids of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Biochem J 1956 Oct; 64 (2): 259-66. [31


Tuber aestivum is better known as a type of what foodstuff delicacy?

Truffles: history, biology, books, species Truffles: everything you need to know Introduction A truffle is a fungal fruiting body that develops underground. It relies on mycophagy for spore dispersal. Almost all truffles are usually found in close proximity with trees. There are hundreds of species of truffles, but the genus Tuber specie is the most highly prized as foodstuff. Edible truffles are held in high esteem in French and northern Italian cooking, as well as in the international haute cuisine. The mycelia of truffles form symbiotic relationships with the roots of several tree species, including beech, poplar, oak, birch, hornbeam, hazel, and pine. They prefer argillaceous or calcareous soils which are well drained and neutral or alkaline. Truffles fruit throughout the year, depending on the species, and can be found buried between leaf litter and soil. The origin of the word truffle appears to be the Latin word tuber, meaning "lump", which later became tufer and gave rise to the various European terms: French truffe, Spanish trufa, German Trüffel, Dutch truffel and in piedmontese "Le Trifole". In Portuguese, the words trufa and túbera are synonyms — the latter closer to the Latin term. The German word Kartoffel ("potato") is derived from the Italian tartufo (truffle) due to superficial similarities. Truffle History Antiquity: Even if the first mentions of truffles appears in the inscriptions of the Neo-Sumerian regarding their Amorite enemy's eating habits and later in writings of Theophrastus in the fourth century BC. From scientific studies we know that truffles were on the earth much earlier than humans, probably between 360 and 280 million years ago. During the Paleozoic period, thanks to the beetles, spores started to spread all over the world. Some fossils (Tuber Spinoreticolatum) have been found in Northern America and one very special has also been found in Italy (Piedmont region): it was dormant since 300 million years! In classical times truffle origins was a mystery which challenged many. In 3000 BC Babylonians already used to search for truffles on beaches and in the sands of desert.  Truffles were loved by Aphrodite, Love Goddess (Philoxenus of Lefkas was among the first who spoke about its aphrodisiac powers). Plutarch thought truffles were the result of lightning, warmth and water in the soil, while Juvenal thought thunder and rain to be instrumental in their origin. Cicero deemed them as children of the earth, while Dioscorides thought they were tuberous' roots. A legend says that truffles are born in the point where thunderbolts thrown by Zeus meet the earth. During the Classical Period in Italy two kinds of truffles were produced: the Tuber Melanosporum and the Tuber Magnatum. Top Middle Age: During the Middle Age peasant used truffles to give taste to different dishes. It was appreciated by Savoia family and it was a well-established custom of Acaja princes to give it as present to the Bourbons.  Traces of truffles in medieval cooking can also be found  at the court of the Avignon Papacy. The popes discovered them after they relocated to Avignon, near the producing regions of upper Provence, and they became very fond of them. Truffle hunting is also mentioned by Bartolomeo Platina, the papal historian, in 1481, when he recorded that some sows were without equal in hunting truffles, however they should be muzzled to prevent them from eating the prize. Top Renaissance: During the Renaissance truffles regained popularity in Europe and were honoured at the court of King Francis I of France. However, it was only during the 17th century that Western (and in particular French) cuisine abandoned "heavy" oriental spices, and rediscovered the natural flavour of foodstuffs. Truffles were very popular in Parisian markets in the 1780s. They were imported seasonally from truffle grounds, where peasants had long enjoyed their secret. Brillat-Savarin (1825) noted characteristically that they were so expensive they appeared only at the dinner tables of great nobles and kept women. A g