Name the Indian corporation joint-venture partner in India's Virgin Mobile and Starbucks businesses?

Tata Starbucks CEO: Our business in India continues to exceed expectations | Business Line Tata Starbucks CEO: Our business in India continues to exceed expectations Anil Urs Tweet Avani Saglani Davda Avani Saglani Davda, the CEO at Tata Starbucks Ltd since September 2012, has played a key role in the development of the joint venture between Tata group and Starbucks Corp, which runs the world’s largest coffee chain. The company recently entered South India by opening a coffee outlet in Bangalore. In an interview with Business Line, Davda shares the joint venture’s plans for the India market. Edited excerpts: Now that you have entered South India, how many stores are you planning in this region? In addition to the flagship store at Koramangala (Bangalore), Tata Starbucks will open two more stores by the end of this year in Bengaluru. It is an important city entry that demonstrates our long-term commitment to expand across India and we will continue to work thoughtfully to build a strong foundation and open stores quickly. The South is primarily a coffee drinking market. Can we expect any specific flavour for both food and beverages here? We are committed to delivering a locally relevant Starbucks experience to our customers; one that reflects the Starbucks brand as well as India’s rich culinary heritage. Our store here in Bangalore will introduce a strong mix of international favourites as well as specially designed food offerings to reflect local flavours. Additionally, our store offers a broad beverage portfolio to include a wide range of Starbucks signature espresso-based beverages and Starbucks VIA Ready Brew. We will introduce the India Estates blend to consumers in Bengaluru. This blend is Tata Starbucks’ special country-specific coffee, developed thoughtfully with Tata Coffee for the Indian market and reflects the high quality Arabica coffee available in India. Created to celebrate our first anniversary in the country in October 2013, this coffee captures the essence and rich heritage of the Indian coffee history. Additionally, with our entry in the Indian market, we launched the Indian Espresso Roast which is sourced locally through the coffee sourcing and roasting agreement between Starbucks and Tata Coffee. What will be the price range of the food and coffee at the India stores? We strive to price our products competitively based upon the assessment of how we can provide high-quality products and an uncompromised experience. We understand how important it is to our customers that they receive a high quality experience at an appropriate value, and we believe that our approach to value holistically balances the experience we provide customers with our need to effectively run our business. You had a target of 50 stores in 2012. Are you revising this number? Since our foray into the Indian market in October 2012, we have launched 30 stores across Mumbai, Delhi NCR, Bengaluru and Pune. We are overwhelmed by the way in which our customers have embraced us. With a little over one year of being in operation in the country, I can assure you that our business in India continues to exceed our expectations. We work to balance the need to run the business effectively while ensuring that we deliver the highest-quality Starbucks experience to our customers. It’s not only about running several stores across the geography, but to nurture each store to provide the experience and deliver the brand promise to customers – every day. What kind of investment you have planned for 2014 in India? When do you plan to break even? We are committed to India for the long-term and the JV will invest long term in the development of our partners (employees), coffee growing communities and the neighbourhoods we serve. Our business in India continues to exceed our expectations and we remain focused on a long-term, disciplined growth in this dynamic market to establish a strong presence here, delivering an elevated coffeehouse experience to our customers in India. What has been the experience so far? Are you revising your footprints here? Our journ


The state-owned corporation re-branded simply 'Indian' (2005-11) was a major operator in which sector?

Final Project Report on Indian Aviation Industry | Airlines Final Project Report on Indian Aviation Industry hii, guys this project will help to make your project easyly , when i search here , i could not find any project that is worthy so i make it and uploaded for you guys ,go and enjoy it...!!! Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC) 1 |P a g e THE ECONOMICS OF INDIAN 2 |P a g e Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty for providing me with the strength to complete this project. I am highly obliged to have support of my Parents without which it was not possible to take up this activity. I feel deeply feel indebted to myDir ecto r, Mr. S. K. Gulati, who was the strength and an encouragement behind every student. I also, take this opportunity to thank Mr. Gaurav, of Kingfisher Airlines, Mr. Ashish Srivastava of Indian Airlines, Mr. Kapil Kaul of Center for Asia Pacific of Avionics, Mr. Rupesh Kumar of Jet Airways and Mr. Shantanu Prakash of Indi Go; for providing me an opportunity to take this project work and under whose guidance whole of the project has been completed. MY sincere thanks also goes to our friends, peers and colleagues for supporting at every j uncture which helped us complete this project work in time and without which we would not have been able to unravel several mysteries of the Aviation Industry of India , which is now part of this report. SANDEEP SINGH 3 |P a g e The Indian Aviation Industry Introduction Air India was set up by J.R.D. Tata, who ran it successfully until it was nationalized in 1953. In the 1960s the \u2015Maharaja\u2016, as the national flag-carrier was affectionately known, was flying to 32 destinations (it now flies to 46 destinations) and making profits.For many years in India air travel was perceived to be an elitist activity. This view arose from the \u2015Maharajah\u2016 syndrome where, due to the prohibitive cost of air travel, the only people who could afford it were the rich and powerful. In recent years, however, this image of Civil Aviation has undergone a change and aviation is now viewed in a different light - as an essential link not only for international travel and trade but also for providing connectivity to different parts of the country. Aviation is, by its very nature, a critical part of the infrastructure of the country and has important ramifications for the development of tourism and trade, the opening up of inaccessible areas of the country and for providing stimulus to business activity and economic growth. Until less than a decade ago, all aspects of aviation were firmly controlled by the Government. In the early fifties, all airlines operating in the country were merged into either Indian Airlines or Air India and, by virtue of the Air Corporations Act, 1953 this monopoly was perpetuated for the next forty years. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation controlled every aspect of flying including granting flying licenses, pilots, certifying aircrafts for flight and issuing all rules and procedures governing Indian airports and airspace. Finally, the Airports Authority of India was entrusted with the responsibility of managing all national and international airports and administering every aspect of air transport operation through the Air traffic Control. With the opening up of the Indian economy in the early Nineties, aviation saw some important changes. Most importantly, the Air Corporation Act was repealed to end the monopoly of the public sector and private airlines were reintroduced. Domestic liberalization took off in 1986, with the launch of scheduled services by new start-up About


What is India's country internet TLD (top level domain)?

Internet country domains list / Country Internet codes / TLDs - World Standards Google+8 This is a complete list of all country TLDs (top-level domains). The official list of top-level domains is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). IANA is responsible for the global coordination of the DNS Root, IP addressing, and other Internet protocol resources. Country / territory


Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are the two what of India?

OUR PARLIAMENT (29) Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 (30)   Chandigarh 1 (31) Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1 (32) Daman & Diu 1 (33) NCT of   Delhi 7 (34)   Lakshadweep 1 (36)   Anglo-Indians (if nominated 2 by the President under Article 331 of the   Constitution) RAJYA SABHA Rajya Sabha   is the Upper House of Parliament. It has not more than 250 members. Members   of Rajya Sabha are not elected by the people directly but indirectly by the   Legislative Assemblies of the various States. Every State is allotted a   certain number of members. No member of Rajya   Sabha can be under 30 years of age. Twelve of   Rajya Sabha members are nominated by the President from persons who have   earned distinction in the fields of literature, art, science and social   service. Rajya Sabha   is a permanent body. It is not subject to dissolution but one-third of its   members retire every two years. Rajya Sabha was duly constituted for the   first time on April 3, 1952 and it held its first sitting on May 13, that   year. There are at   present 245 members in Rajya Sabha, distributed among different States and   Union Territories as follows: (1) Andhra   Pradesh 18 (29) NCT of   Delhi 3 (30)   Pondicherry 1 (31)   Nominated by the President under 12 Article 80(1)(a) of the Constitution Presiding   Officers Lok Sabha   elects one of its own members as its Presiding Officer and he is called the   Speaker. He is assisted by the  Deputy Speaker who is also elected by   Lok Sabha. The conduct of   business in Lok Sabha is the responsibility of the   Speaker. The   Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya   Sabha. He is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of   members of both Houses of Parliament. Rajya Sabha also elects one of its   members to be the Deputy Chairman. Functions of   Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha The main   function of both the Houses is to pass laws. Every Bill has to be passed by   both the Houses and assented to by the President before it becomes law. The   subjects over which Parliament can legislate are the subjects mentioned   under the Union List in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India.   Broadly speaking, Union subjects are those important subjects which for   reasons of convenience, efficiency and security are administered on   all-India basis. The principal Union subjects are Defence, Foreign Affairs,   Railways, Transport and Communications, Currency and Coinage, Banking,   Customs and Excise Duties. There are numerous other subjects on which both   Parliament and State Legislatures can legislate. Under this   category mention may be made of economic and social planning, social   security and insurance, labour welfare, price control and vital statistics. Besides   passing laws, Parliament can by means of resolutions, motions for   adjournment, discussions and questions addressed by members to Ministers   exercise control over the administration of the country and safeguard peopleï¿½s   liberties. Difference   between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha (1) Members   of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the eligible voters. Members of Rajya   Sabha are elected by the elected members of State Legislative Assemblies in   accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of single   transferable vote. (2) The normal life of every Lok Sabha is 5 years only while Rajya Sabha is a   permanent body. (3) Lok Sabha   is the House to which the Council of Ministers is responsible under the   Constitution. Money Bills can only be introduced in Lok Sabha. Also it is Lok   Sabha which grants the money for running the administration of the country. (4) Rajya   Sabha has special powers to declare that it is necessary and expedient in   the national interest that Parliament may make laws with respect to a matter   in the State List or to create by law one or more all-India services common   to the Union and the States.


The Indian city of Amritsar (also called Rāmdāspur and Ambarsar) is a main border crossing point to which other nation?

InnDia Amritsar |  AMRITSAR – THE HOLY CITY AMRITSAR – THE HOLY CITY ABOUT THE CITY   Amritsar , historically also known as Rāmdāspur, and colloquially as Ambarsar, is the spiritual and cultural centre of the Sikh Religion. Amritsar, literally meaning ‘a Pool of Nectar’ , derives its name from Amrit Sarovar, the holy tank that surrounds the fabulous Golden Temple. The Golden Temple, also known as Sri Harmandir Sahib, is the most visited monument in India. The city is known for its rich cuisine and culture. The city of Amritsar offers a dazzling showcase of composite culture and secular heritage. HISTORY & ARCHITRCTURE   The city of Amritsar was founded by the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das in 1574. Amritsar’s central walled city has narrow zig zag streets mostly developed in the 17th and 18th century. The city is a peculiar example of introverted planning system with unique areas called Katras. The Katras are self styled residential units that provided unique defence system during attacks on the city. The city was attacked numerous times during the 18th century mainly by Afghan invaders, as it was considered the spiritual centre of Sikhs. Also having been one of the epicentres of the Indian independence movement, the city has a rich history. VISITING AMRITSAR   If you are ‘doing’ north India, Amritsar is a city you should not miss. It’s easy to travel there from Delhi by road, rail and air. It is fairly convenient to navigate through the city; few guides bother you as tourism is not the most important commercial activity here. There is more to Amritsar than the Golden Temple – Amongst other sights is Jallianwala Bagh, site of the gruesome massacre of unarmed Indians by British troops. Another major tourist attraction is the Indo-Pakistan border crossing at Wagah, just a short distance from Amritsar, with its elaborate change-of-guards drill with a lot of strutting and intimidatory showing off by both sides. And if for nothing else you must travel here for the lipsmacking local culinary delights. REACHING AMRITSAR   Amritsar is the gateway to Punjab and North India with the Raja Sansi International Airport offering a number of domestic and international flights. The Amritsar Junction railway station is one of the busiest on the northern railway circuit, connecting Punjab to all major cities in various parts of the country. The city lies on the main Grand Trunk Road, a well laid medieval highway that runs through the whole of the northern half of the Indian subcontinent from Bangladesh to Delhi then passing through Amritsar connecting it to Lahore in Pakistan and Kabul in Afghanistan. The 8 lane NH1 runs from Delhi to Attari, providing a seamless option for road travel from the capital to the holy city. CUISINE AND CULTURE   Amritsar, the most important city of Majha(one of Punjab’s four regions) has rightly been called the mukut-mani (Jewel of the crown) of Punjab. A rich repository of spiritual and national heritage, it has been hailed as the home of all virtues (sifti da ghar’). The essential spirit of the city is found not only in its gurudwaras & temples, mosques & churches, takias & khankahs but also in its theatres & galleries, parks & gardens, archives & libraries, art & architecture, museums & memorials, havelis & forts, fairs & festivals, vibrant folk dances & scintillating taans, narrow lanes & winding alleys, parlours & boutiques, clubs & pubs, traditional bustling markets & lip-smacking cuisine. The most dominating asset, however, is its people who are friendly, hospitable, hard working informal, robust and with a tremendous zest for living. Amritsar is the heart-beat of the Majha region which has provided Punjabi literature with its standard language. A launching pad of several renowned artists, authors and poets, the city has been a home of handloom and carpet industry for more than a century. The city is proud to have the second largest Milk plant in the country (Verka) . Amritsar is not just bhangra or giddha, sarson ka saag and makki ki roti, it is an attitude and a way of life, despite the winds of chan


The first prime minister of India, regarded as architect of the modern Indian state, was Jawaharlal (Who?)

Jawaharlal Nehru - Prime Minister, Activist - Biography.com Jawaharlal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi’s father, was a leader of India’s nationalist movement and became India’s first prime minister after its independence. IN THESE GROUPS The Nehru-Gandhi Dynasty - Full Episode (TV-14; 45:26) The life and work of activist and visionary Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi was the inspirational root of the Nehru political dynasty. They have maintained sovereignty for India at a high personal cost. Synopsis Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, India. In 1919, he joined the Indian National Congress and joined Indian Nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi’s independence movement. In 1947, Pakistan was created as a new, independent country for Muslims. The British withdrew and Nehru became independent India’s first prime minister. He died on May 27, 1964, in New Delhi, India. Pre-Political Life Jawaharlal Nehru was born in Allahabad, India in 1889. His father was a renowned lawyer and one of Mahatma Gandhi's notable lieutenants. A series of English governesses and tutors educated Nehru at home until he was 16. He continued his education in England, first at the Harrow School and then at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned an honors degree in natural science. He later studied law at the Inner Temple in London before returning home to India in 1912 and practicing law for several years. Four years later, Nehru married Kamala Kaul; their only child, Indira Priyadarshini, was born in 1917. Like her father, Indira would later serve as prime minister of India under her married name: Indira Gandhi. A family of high achievers, one of Nehru's sisters, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, later became the first woman president of the UN General Assembly. Entering Politics In 1919, while traveling on a train, Nehru overheard British Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer gloating over the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The massacre, also known as the Massacre of Amritsar, was an incident in which 379 people were killed and at least 1,200 wounded when the British military stationed there continuously fired for ten minutes on a crowd of unarmed Indians. Upon hearing Dyer’s words, Nehru vowed to fight the British. The incident changed the course of his life. This period in Indian history was marked by a wave of nationalist activity and governmental repression. Nehru joined the Indian National Congress, one of India's two major political parties. Nehru was deeply influenced by the party's leader, Mahatma Gandhi. It was Gandhi's insistence on action to bring about change and greater autonomy from the British that sparked Nehru's interest the most. The British didn't give in easily to Indian demands for freedom, and in late 1921, the Congress Party's central leaders and workers were banned from operating in some provinces. Nehru went to prison for the first time as the ban took effect; over the next 24 years he was to serve a total of nine sentences, adding up to more than nine years in jail. Always leaning to the left politically, Nehru studied Marxism while imprisoned. Though he found himself interested in the philosophy but repelled by some of its methods, from then on the backdrop of Nehru's economic thinking was Marxist, adjusted as necessary to Indian conditions. Marching Toward Indian Independence In 1928, after years of struggle on behalf of Indian emancipation, Jawaharlal Nehru was named president of the Indian National Congress. (In fact, hoping that Nehru would attract India's youth to the party, Mahatma Gandhi had engineered Nehru's rise.) The next year, Nehru led the historic session at Lahore that proclaimed complete independence as India's political goal. November 1930 saw the start of the Round Table Conferences, which convened in London and hosted British and Indian officials working toward a plan of eventual independence. After his father's death in 1931, Nehru became more embedded in the workings of the Congress Party and became closer to Gandhi, attending the signing of the Gandhi-Irwin pact. Signed in March 1931 by Gandhi an


India became independent (of British colonial rule) in?

Colonial & Postcolonial Literary Dialogues: Text Page Top   Dialogues To continue competing     as a world power, England felt it had to become wealthier. In the year     1600, some merchants in London created the East India Company. At the     time it could not compete with the Dutch East India Company, which had     control of all the East Indies Islands; but the British could stake a     claim to the Indian subcontinent, which they did. In the middle of the     18th century, the Seven Years War made it possible for England to increase     its presence in the Indian mainland, and starting in the year 1757 they     came to have the majority of control there. Profits were made in the traditional     spice trade, as well as in Indian textiles and later in calico. The effect     of colonial rule in India was one of 'breaking up the old system of self-sufficient     and self-perpetuating villages and supporting an elite whose self-interests     would harmonize with British Rule (britannica.com)'. The English colonial     perspective is revealed in the famous Minute on Indian Education,     presented in 1835 by Thomas Babington Macaulay. There was a debate over     how or if Indians should be educated in the traditional literature of     England. Macaulay believed in educating the Indians with English because     their native dialects were 'so poor and rude that, until they are enriched     from some other quarter, it will not be easy to translate any valuable     work into them.' Macaulay explained that 'What the Greek and Latin were     to the contemporaries of More and Ascham, our tongue is to the people     of India. The literature of England is now more valuable than that of     classical antiquity.' In perhaps the most famous part of the Minute, he     stated his intent for English education in India, to 'form a class who     may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class     of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions,     in morals, and in intellect.' These people were to then aid in governing     and civilizing the natives of India, in order that they would conform     to British rule. A good representation of British colonial ideology in     literature is in the novel Kim ,     by Rudyard Kipling. Mohandas     Karamchand Gandhi was born in British colonial India in the year 1869.     He attended school in England for several years, after which he returned     home to find his mother dead, and the prospects for work poor. He accepted     a one year contracted job in South Africa, where he immediately incurred     race and religious discrimination and extreme prejudice from white European     colonial rulers. This was the norm for local non-whites, but it infuriated     Gandhi to the point of protest. He became political, arguing proficiently     on behalf of the rights of the Natal Indians in South Africa. It was here     that he first put into use his concept of satyagraha (devotion     to truth), which upheld the philosophy of inviting suffering, rather than     inflicting it, to address social and economic wrongs. After reading John     Ruskin's Unto this Last, a critique of capitalism, Gandhi started     a sort of communal farm, where friends and relatives lived together with     the help of each other. The second of these farms was named after the     Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, whose book The Kingdom of God is Within     You also had a profound effect on Gandhi. The Indian uprising in South     Africa affected many people, and a gang of angry whites once assaulted     Gandhi and almost lynched him upon his return to Durban from India.In     July, 1914, Gandhi left South Africa to return home to his native India,     leaving behind him many improvements in the condition of the Natal Indians     - though the


Waheguru is the common term for God in which Indian religion?

What is Sikhism? What is Sikhism? By Sukhmandir Khalsa Updated August 22, 2016. If you have questions about Sikhism you may be able to find some of the answers you are looking for here. This brief introduction is for anyone new to Sikhism, or who is unfamiliar with the Sikh people and Sikh Faith . Sikhism is the religion of the Sikh people. The word Sikh means one who seeks after truth. The first word in the Sikh scripture is "Sat", which translates to truth. Sikhism is based on truthful living. More » Amritsanchar - Panj Pyara. Photo © [Ravitej Singh Khalsa / Eugene, Oregon / USA] A Sikh is defined as a person who believes in: One God The teachings of the ten gurus and Guru Granth Baptism according to the method outlined by Guru Gobind Singh How Many Sikhs Live in the World and Where? Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world. There are about 26 million Sikhs worldwide. The vast majority of Sikhs live in the Panjab, a part of northern India. Sikhs live in just about every major country around the world. It is estimated that nearly one million Sikhs live in the United States. More » Waheguru Etched in Marble. Photo © [S Khalsa] Who is Waheguru? Waheguru is the Sikh name for God. It means wonderful enlightener. Sikh believe that repeating Waheguru keeps God ever present in the mind, which is considered is the key to overcoming ego and becoming enlightened. Sikhs believe the creative aspect of one God is manifest in all of creation as intelligent design. Sikhs worship only one God. Favors sought from images, icons, pictures, nature, or other deities, is not condoned, and considered idol worship . More » 3 Golden Rules of Sikhism. Photo © [S Khalsa] Sikhs believe in meditation as a way of life. The Sikh ideal is to remember God while carrying out daily duties. A Sikh is to remember God while employed in honest work. Sikhs believe in sharing what they earn with others in need. Charitable work is considering the same as giving service to God, if carried out while meditating and keeping God in mind. Indulgence is considered to be an entrapment of ego. Sikhs believe meditation is a means of moderation to guard against excess pride, desire, greed, and attachment, which can result in anger and diminish the soul’s connection with God. More » The Panj Pyara Prepare Amrit. Photo © [Gurumustuk Singh Khalsa] At the time of baptism , initiated Sikhs are instructed in the Sikhism Code of Conduct and given four commandments: Honor the intention of the creator by keeping all hair intact. Uphold the values of family life by abstaining from adultery. Refrain from eating animals who suffer a ritualistic death. Observe temperance by avoiding the use of intoxicants. What is Adherence to the Five Articles of Faith? Sikhs maintain a distinctive appearance. Baptized Sikhs keep five articles of faith with them at all times. Part of the religious duty is to keep every hair intact and unaltered. Men, wear turban s to keep long hair tidy. Women wear turbans or long silky scarves. Long hair is groomed daily with a wooden comb. A loose undergarment is worn for modesty. A steel bangle is worn as a sign of faith. Sikhs wear a small sword. It symbolic of battling the senses. It also signifies the Sikh ideal of protecting the innocent against aggressive force.


Prasar Bharati (at 2014) is India's major?

Home  - Home Home What's New  (31) CORRIGENDUM dated 13/01/2017 reg. 'Change in Written Examination Date' to the advertisement of “Special Recruitment Drive for Persons with Disabilities to the post of Multi-Tasking Staff (Non-Technical) in Prasar Bharati”.    (30) VACANCY ADVERTISEMENT: Filling up of thirteen vacancies of Section Officer on deputation basis in Prasar Bharati.    (29) CORRIGENDUM FOR VACANCY ADVERT...       Prasar Bharati is a      statutory autonomous body established      under the Prasar Bharati Act and came      into existence on 23.11.1997. It is the      Public Service Broadcaster of the      country. The objectives of public      service broadcasting are achieved in      terms of Prasar Bharati Act through All India Radio and Doordarshan,      which earlier were working as media      units under the Ministry of I&B and      since the above said date became      constituents of Prasar Bharati.


What commercial organization governed India from 1612-1858 before it became a British colony?

US History/English Colonies - Wikibooks, open books for an open world US History/English Colonies 12 References Patterns of Colonization[ edit ] The islands of Great Britain changed greatly in the Renaissance, resulting in the Church of England, the British Civil War, and total transformation of economic, political, and legal systems. Yet through this time, despite pressure from other nations and America's own Natives, a diverse set of English colonies were planted and thrived. These new colonies were funded in three different ways. In one plan, corporate colonies were established by joint stock companies. A joint stock company was a project in which people would invest shares of stock into building a new colony. Depending on the success of the colony, each investor would receive profit based on the shares he had bought. This investment was less risky than starting a colony from scratch, and each investor influenced how the colony was run. These investors often elected their own public officials. (An example of a joint stock company on another continent was the British East India Company.) Virginia was settled in this way. Proprietary colonies were owned by a person or family who made laws and appointed officials as he or they pleased. Development was often a direct result of this ownership. Charles II granted William Penn the territory now known as Pennsylvania. Penn's new colony gave refuge to Quakers, a group of millennial Protestants who opposed the Church of England. (Quakers did not have ministers and did not hold to civil or religious inequality, making them a dangerous element in hierarchical societies.) Penn was an outspoken Quaker and had written many pamphlets defending the Quaker faith. He also invited settlers from other countries and other Protestant minorities, and even some Catholics. Finally, royal colonies were under the direct control of the King, who appointed a Royal Governor. The resulting settlement was not always identical to England. For example, England had broken with Catholicism during the reign of Henry the Eighth, and the Old Faith was seen not only as religious heresy but the prelude to domination by other countries. Yet Maryland's grant of toleration of Catholics was granted as a boon from the British Crown. In 1634, Lord Baltimore appointed George Calvert of England to settle a narrow strip of land north of Virginia and south of Pennsylvania as a Catholic colony via a royal charter. Fifteen years later, in 1649, he signed the Act of Toleration, which proclaimed religious freedom for its colonists. Despite the original charter, Protestants later became the majority faith. After Lord Baltimore's death several years later, Margaret Brent, the wife of an esteemed landowner in Maryland, executed his will as governor of the colony. She defied gender roles in the colonies by being the first woman of non-royal heritage to govern an English colony. Massachusetts Bay Colony[ edit ] The Massachusetts Bay Colony, another corporate colony, was founded as a place far from England where its religious dissenters could live. The Puritans, a group of radical Protestants who wanted what they called a return to the faith of the Bible, suffered torture and execution because they disagreed with the official Church of England. In 1620, forty-one Puritans (who called themselves Pilgrims) sailed for the new world. Their own contemporary accounts show that the Pilgrims originally intended to settle the Hudson River region near present day Long Island, New York. Once Cape Cod was sighted, they turned south to head for the Hudson River, but encountered treacherous seas and nearly shipwrecked. They then decided to return to Cape Cod rather than risk another attempt to head south. After weeks of scouting for a suitable settlement area, the Mayflower's passengers finally landed at Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts on December 26, 1620. They called it Massachusetts after the name of the Indian tribe then living there. Passengers of the Mayflower signing the "Mayflower Compact" William Bradford, who was selected as a


What is India's international telephone dialling code?

India Country Code 91 Country Code IN About India Hide CountryCode.org is your complete guide to make a call from anywhere in the world, to anywhere in the world. This page details India phone code. The India country code 91 will allow you to call India from another country. India telephone code 91 is dialed after the IDD. India international dialing 91 is followed by an area code. The India area code table below shows the various city codes for India. India country codes are followed by these area codes. With the complete India dialing code, you can make your international call. Rupee (INR) Languages Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9% Electricity


The partition of India, creating an independent India and Pakistan, was called the (Who?) Plan, after the last Viceroy of India, later assassinated by the IRA in 1979?

Learn and talk about Partition of India, British Empire, Divided regions, Ethnic cleansing in Asia, Forced migration The Partition of India was the 1947 partitioning of the British Indian Empire into India and Pakistan. [4] It led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan (which later split into Pakistan and Bangladesh ) and the Union of India (later Republic of India ) on 14–15 August 1947. "Partition" here refers not only to the division of the Bengal province of British India into East Pakistan and West Bengal (India), and the similar partition of the Punjab Province into West Punjab ( West Pakistan ) and East Punjab (now Punjab ), but also to the respective divisions of other assets, including the British Indian Army , the Indian Civil Service and other administrative services, the railways , and the central treasury. In the riots which preceded the partition in the Punjab Province, it is believed that between 200,000 and 2,000,000 [1] [3] [5] people were killed in the retributive genocide between the religions. [6] [7] UNHCR estimates 14 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims were displaced during the partition; it was the largest mass migration in human history. [8] [9] [10] The term partition of British India does not cover the later secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971, nor the earlier separation of Burma (now known as Myanmar ) from the administration of British India, nor the separation of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka ). The coastal area of Ceylon was part of the Madras Presidency of British India from 1795 until 1798, when it became a separate Crown Colony of the Empire. Burma, gradually annexed by the British during 1826–86 and governed as a part of the British Indian administration until 1937, was directly administered thereafter. [11] Burma was granted independence on 4 January 1948 and Ceylon on 4 February 1948. (See History of Sri Lanka and History of Burma .) Nor does it cover the later annexation and division of the previously independent kingdoms and states of: French India , Hyderabad , Jammu and Kashmir , Mysore State , Portuguese India , Sikkim , and Travancore by one or more extant entities. Bhutan , Nepal and the Maldives , the remaining present-day countries of South Asia, were unaffected by the partition. The first two, Bhutan and Nepal, although earlier being regarded as de facto princely states , later signed treaties with the British designating them as independent states before partition, and therefore their borders were unaffected by the partition of India. [12] The Maldives, which had become a protectorate of the British crown in 1887 and gained its independence in 1965, was also unaffected by the partition. Contents 1909 Percentage of Muslims.  1909 Percentage of Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains.  In 1905, the viceroy, Lord Curzon , in his second term, divided the largest administrative subdivision in British India, the Bengal Presidency , into the Muslim-majority province of East Bengal and Assam and the Hindu-majority province of Bengal (present-day Indian states of West Bengal , Bihār , Jharkhand and Odisha ). [13] Curzon's act, the Partition of Bengal —which some considered administratively felicitous[ by whom? ], and, which had been contemplated by various colonial administrations since the time of Lord William Bentinck , but never acted upon—was to transform nationalist politics as nothing else before it. [13] The Hindu elite of Bengal, among them many who owned land in East Bengal that was leased out to Muslim peasants, protested fervidly. The large Bengali Hindu middle-class (the Bhadralok ), upset at the prospect of Bengalis being outnumbered in the new Bengal province by Biharis and Oriyas, felt that Curzon's act was punishment for their political assertiveness. [13] The pervasive protests against Curzon's decision took the form predominantly of the Swadeshi ("buy Indian") campaign led by two-time Congress president, Surendranath Banerjee , and involved boycott of British goods. Sporadically—but flagrantly—the protesters also took to political violence that invo


The Harmandir Sahib, the Sikh spiritual/cultural centre, is known popularly in western media as what?

Tourist Attractions Amritsar - Android Apps on Google Play Tourist Attractions Amritsar ( 17) Description This application helps you to get your hands on to all the information about your favorite tourist destination, “Amritsar” at the click of a button. After downloading this application and post its execution, you will be able to see the main page. Here you will get the complete description pertaining to Amritsar, along with the sub-menu. The sub-menu has the following options as given below, which will give you accessibility to hosts of other benefits: Places – Primarily it gives you the complete description about the location, geography including weather, best time to visit, etc. Shopping- Well enthusiasts falling under this category would get information about all the places they can visit to shop at their favorite tourist destination, as long as they don’t blow a hole in their pocket. Hotels - Provides you with the list of all the hotels in that area, including their web addresses and telephone numbers. You can click on the hyperlink to book your room in the hotel of your choice or call them up directly by clicking on the phone icon on the main page. Doesn't it sound fabulous? Eating Outs- Food lover will able find the best available local and delicious food in that destination. This application will talk about the specialties of different food joint as well as their famous mouth watering savories. About Amritsar: Amritsar is situated in the state of Punjab in India. This city was earlier known as Ramdaspur and Ambarsar. It is a spiritual centre & hub for the Sikh religion, as it is the home to the Harmandir Sahib (also popularly referred to as the "Golden Temple" by the media of the western world). This important Sikh shrine attracts over 100,000 visitors approximately on weekdays alone and is visited by the Non-resident Indians (NRI) all over the world. The commercial activities main includes tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm produce, handicrafts, service trades, and light engineering. Besides, the city is also famous for its mouth watering rich cuisine and upholds the rich Sikh culture. Some of the places that you can visit besides the ‘Golden Temple’ are Jallianwala Bagh and the home of Udham Singh. As a tourist you would not like to get lost during your visit to Amritsar and would like to have access to all the necessary information that would make your trip really memorable. Hence, our developer friends in Kartik Infotech have developed this application to make things easy for you all. So go ahead download this application and go on a virtual tour of Amritsar. Read more


What historical Indian figure is fondly called Bapu?

Gandhi, Mohandas, Karam Chand, Mahatma, Gandhiji Our Partners Gandhiji or Mahatma Gandhi, Father of Nation He was christened Mohandas. He signed his name as M.K. Gandhi , but in full it was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. (He was the third son of the state's divan (Prime Minister) Karamchand Gandhi and Putlibai). He preferred being called ' Gandhiji '. For India , officially, he is the Father of Nation, and is fondly called 'Bapu' ('father', in Gujarat i). Tagore the poet called him reverentially ' Mahatma ' (to mean 'Great Soul' in Sanskrit and almost all other languages in India ), and the honorific title stuck and for the whole world he became Mahatma Gandhi, the spiritual leader who helped to win the freedom back to India from the hands of the British colonialists through a non-violent struggle of resistance, the modern apostle of non-violence , amity and peace, and a role model for morality in public life. And when he was felled in a Free India by the bullets of a Hindu fanatic who felt Gandhi was a supporter of the Muslims , Einstein , the great scientist and humanist, paid his tributes thus: "Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this walked the Earth in flesh and blood." From The British George Bernard Shaw who rejected the award of a Nobel Prize to the French Romain Rolland who accepted it had held Gandhi in high esteem. Gandhi's martyrdom was the pinnacle of the several sacrifices he offered for the principles he held sacred. It was on January 30, 1948 that he fell. His country had become independent months before, in August 1947, but the country was partitioned into Pakistan and India . The irony was that the Hindu s and the Muslims would not live in peace, and they continued their rioting. When Indian National Leaders were celebrating the dawn of freedom in Delhi , Gandhi, the architect of freedom, was in Bengal , trying to quell the rioting. And finally, he had to begin his fast against the rioting and for the ending of the riots. The riots stopped, and the fast ended, but Gandhi was assassinated before long, by those who thought he was siding with the Muslims! Contents


Which desert's edge is found at Nigeria's northernmost borderland?

Geography of Tunisia, Landforms - World Atlas Tunisia is the northernmost country in Africa . It is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia is dominated by the Atlas Mountains in the north and the Sahara Desert in the south. The Atlas Mountains extend northeast from the Algerian border to the Mediterranean Sea . To the north and east of those mountains the topography is generally characterized by low, rolling hills and flat coastal areas. The Sahara is the largest desert in the world, and a small part of it covers Tunisia. The Grand Erg Oriental is a large erg or "field of sand dunes" in central Tunisia. The Kerkennah Islands are are a series of low-lying islands no more than 42 ft. (13 m) above sea level. Jerba Island, about 20x20 km in size, is connected to the mainland by a road originally built by the Romans. The Medjerda River rises in Algeria and then flows through Tunisia before entering the Mediterranean Sea . With dozen of smaller tributaries and a length of 1,476 ft. (450 km), it is the longest river in Tunisia. Lake of Tunis is a natural, shallow lagoon located between Tunis and the Gulf of Tunis (Mediterranean Sea). The lake is 14 sq miles, (37 sq km) in size. A series of (mostly dry) salt lakes, known as shatts, lie in an east-west line at the northern edge of the Sahara. One of them, Shatt al Gharsah, is the lowest point in Tunisia at -55 ft. (-17 m) below sea level.


Enugu, Kano Pillars, Heartland, and Lobi Stars are famous Nigerian?

Kano Pillars - First thoughts about Kano Pillars Kano Pillars Football Club is a Nigerian football club based in Kano. They play in the top division in Nigerian football, the Nigerian Premier League. Write here your first thoughts about Kano Pillars ... 14 Dec 2016     17:59 Kano pillars will beat Crystal Palace mercilessly with. 5 players. I will upload my nudes tonight if Manchester united loses this game 14 Dec 2016     16:47 GOod one from Kano Pillars Basketball team for making to the semi-final 14 Dec 2016     16:16 Fans hail Kano Pillars Basketball Club as team makes semi-finals in Egypt - 14 Dec 2016     16:09 Surprising kano pillars through to semi finals of that is good for nigerian basketball. 14 Dec 2016     15:21 Kano Pillars Basketball team doing well on the continental stage. Proud! ð ð³ð¬ 14 Dec 2016     15:20 Answer: Kano Pillars FC qualified for the Caf Champions League 5 times, in 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2015. 14 Dec 2016     15:13 Basketball: Kano Pillars zoom into semi-final of African Championship 14 Dec 2016     14:23 Good news: Kano pillars through to semis of the continental championship. 14 Dec 2016     14:15 Unbelievable, Kano Pillars thru to d semi final of 2016 Africa champions cup in Egypt, beat Algerian side Petroliers 91-81 today. 14 Dec 2016     14:07 Gold Cup : Kano Pillars, Remo Stars in semi finals - 14 Dec 2016     13:35 BREAKING: Kano Pillars Basketball club beat Algeria's Sportif Petroliers 91-81 to reach the semi-finals of the FIBA Africa Champions Cup. 14 Dec 2016     13:29 FT: Pillars 91 - 81. GSP. Kano Pillars qualified to the semi finals at the on going FIBA Africa Basketball Club Championships. 14 Dec 2016     13:25 FT Kano Pillars 91-81 Groupement Sportif Petroliers (Algeria). The Nigerian Champions are through to the semi finals 14 Dec 2016     11:33 The Quarterfinal game between Kano Pillars and Groupement Sportif Des Petrolier is about to tip off (1/2). 10 Dec 2016     13:18 Kano Pillars have announced they have signed Golden Eaglets star striker, Nazifi Yahya. âWe have signed Nazifi as... 29 Nov 2016     03:56 Kano Pillars beat MFM FC 4-2 in continuation of the pre-season Gold Cup tournament in Ijebu-Ode on Sunday. [ 58... 17 Nov 2016     17:11 El-Kanemi Warriors have confirmed the signing of Promise James from Kano Pillars and Efe Yarhere from relegated Warri Wolves 29 Oct 2016     06:22 Abia Warriors FC have successfully secured the services. of former Enyimba, Rangers. International, Kano Pillars and COD United coach 02 Jul 2016     23:20 Gyang eyes Kano success: Kano Pillars midfielder Amos Gyang is looking forward to the challen... 01 Jul 2016     21:03 even if Portugal and RM were to play against Kano Pillars you think'd root for them? Wales all the way. 01 Jul 2016     02:38 NPFL Review: Weâre robbed in Bauchi â Pillars - . Kano Pillars have alleged they were r... 01 Jul 2016     00:42 Pillars Deny Sacking Babaganaru - . Kano Pillars say they have no intention of sacking m... 30 Jun 2016     16:15 Kano Pillars Presentation of the DSTV Premier Basketball Trophy to the Kano State Sports Commission Chairman 30 Jun 2016     15:11 The heat is on as Akwa United host their northern demons Kano pillars.. Don't miss this.. 30 Jun 2016     15:08 The big game. Akwa United vs kano pillars this weekend.. 30 Jun 2016     10:33 Kano Pillars, sentiments aside "Please tweeps sentiments aside which club jersey is nice to have? ." 30 Jun 2016     06:56 Kano Pillars will be missing the services of influential striker, Emmanuel Edmund for the next two weeks owing to injury 29 Jun 2016     21:07 Den go need sew you new heart first. lol. Kano Pillars wan sign me." 29 Jun 2016     19:38 I thought Kano Pillars was local champions, NPFL is a Local League. smh 29 Jun 2016     17:32 In Argentine football sir,I don't see kano pillars threatening. na only u follow for Nigeria 29 Jun 2016     16:33 Kano Pillars emerge basketball champions. Despite going 13-17 in the first quarter, the Sani Ahmed tutored side... 29 Jun 2016     12:52 Very soon Orlando pirates and kano pillars go d


The Punch, Thisday, and Nigerian Tribune are long-standing popular Nigerian what?

NIGERIAN PUNCH NEWSPAPER   NIGERIAN PUNCH NEWSPAPER Nigerian punch newspaper has certainly made a significant impact on the political and cultural scenes in Nigeria. It has consistently maintained its unwavering commitment to excellent journalism that is recognized both at home and overseas. It has won several awards, a few of which includes the newspaper of the year award presented at the Diamond Award for Media Excellence in Lagos recently, and the best designed newspaper of the year award. Nigerian Punch is the most widely read Nigerian newspaper. The Punch newspaper was founded    in 1971 by two friends, Sam Amuka, a columnist and editor at the Daily Times    and James Aboderin, an accountant. The paper  has    won several awards as a reputable Nigerian newspaper.


Galaxy is Nigeria's first commercial/private (and remains in the 2000s a leading)?

Switched on: New technology has created novel challenges and opportunities | Nigeria 2013 | Oxford Business Group Switched on: New technology has created novel challenges and opportunities Recommend Over the past few decades Nigeria’s media and entertainment industry has developed into one of the largest and liveliest in Africa. The most popular formats, which include radio, television and print media, are an important part of daily life for most of the country’s 168.8m residents. The Nigerian film industry – nicknamed “Nollywood” – is one of the largest in the world by number of films released, and is increasingly considered to be one of the country’s defining cultural institutions, not to mention a potentially large-scale economic contributor. Strong and steady growth in consumption of online media is expected to boost profitability in both the film and music industries in the coming years. Indeed, rising internet penetration rates throughout Nigeria since the mid-2000s have already resulted in a significant expansion in online advertising, which has become a key component of most national ad campaigns (see analysis). With these developments and the substantial amount of investment that has poured into the nation’s various media outlets in recent years, the sector presents many opportunities. KEY CHALLENGES: Local media companies and other industry participants currently face a number of challenges. As home to the largest population in Africa, Nigeria’s sheer size and demographic diversity are considered to be a hurdle for firms looking to establish a national footprint, for example. “It is hard to overstate the diversity in this country,” Adekunle Adekoya, a general editor at the Vanguard, a daily national newspaper, told OBG. “More than 400 languages are spoken here, and to reach a national audience you have to broadcast in a minimum of 46 languages.” Additional challenges include the underdeveloped and unreliable electricity grid and national transport networks, both of which increase distribution and transmission costs. Finally, the rapidly increasing popularity of online media over the past five years has resulted in some unanticipated regulatory overlap between government agencies, including the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), the Nigerian Press Council (NPC) and the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), among others. EXPANSION AHEAD: Despite these issues, most local media firms are looking forward to years of expansion. The nation’s size and scale, which are currently considered to be a hurdle to ongoing expansion, are also representative of the market’s considerable long-term growth potential. Indeed, according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a UN agency, internet penetration in Nigeria stood at less than 30% as of mid-2012. As the connected population grows in the coming years, demand for online media is expected to rise considerably. In the meantime, Nigeria remains a major market for printed newspapers, CDs, DVDs, and other physical media. “The internet is growing rapidly, but most media consumption is still physical here,” Audu Maikori, the CEO of Chocolate City, a Lagos-based music and entertainment company, told OBG. OVERSIGHT & REGULATION: The NBC was established in 1992, as a result of the federal government’s effort to liberalise radio and television. Since then it has overseen the development of the broadcasting industry. An update to the NBC code, which serves as the sector’s regulatory backdrop, was completed in mid-2012. The revised document, which was developed in conjunction with public and private sector stakeholders, addressed a number of issues that had yet to be codified in law, including the forthcoming switch from analogue to digital broadcasting in television and the need for the industry to invest in and broadcast more local content. In general, the updated code is widely considered to be an improvement on the previous governing legislation, of which four versions have been passed since the early 1990s. At the same time, a number of regulatory challenges re


Bonny light, Forcados, Qua Ibo, and Brass River are types of what major Nigerian export commodity?

crude oil | Oildeals, Nigeria You are here crude oil crude oil   Nigeria has for long been a major producer of crude oil ever since the first commercial well was drilled in Oloibiri in present day Bayelsa state. The country presently has an estimated 35.3 billion barrels both onshore and offshore assets mostly domiciled in the Niger Delta basin. Nigeria presently ranks tenth in the most petroleum-rich nation, and by the far the most affluent in Africa producing about two million {2,000,000} barrels per day. Nigeria's petroleum is classified mostly as "light" and "sweet", as the oil is largely free of sulphur. Nigeria is the largest producer of sweet oil in OPEC. This sweet oil is similar in composition to petroleum extracted from the North Sea. This crude oil is known as "Bonny light". Names of other Nigerian crudes, all of which are named according to export terminal, are Qua Ibo, Escravos blend, Brass River, Forcados, and Pennington Anfan. Sales of crude oil in Nigeria are usually done through the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation {NNPC} on FOB basis.Prospective buyers can also source the product on the following delivery terms from other source CIF, TTT or TTO.  FOB – Free On Board (named loading port): The classic maritime trade term, seller must load the goods on board the ship nominated by the buyer, cost and risk being divided at ship's rail. The seller must clear the goods for export. TTO- Tanker-Taker-Over: As the name suggests refers to a situation where the buyer takes over the hiring of the pregnant vessel along with the product it contains. TTT- Tanker to Tanker Transfer: This refers to a situation where the buyer hires his own vessel and uses same to purchase products from the seller. Petroleum products are among the most valuable natural resources abundantly available in our country. Nigerians and people everywhere use petroleum products as a fuel in their automobiles, generating sets, industrial plants and for cooking purposes, thus making petroleum products an essential commodity that is needed for the daily operations of individual, industrial and national activities. Nigeria being an oil producing nation however still relies on imported petroleum products for the servicing of the economy. Such petroleum products as Petrol (PMS), Diesel (AGO) and kerosene (DPK) are products utilized by almost everybody on daily basis at an average of 60 million litres daily usage. Due to increasing level of standard of living, more Nigerians are increasing the number of cars on the road, the need for constant power supply to aid uninterrupted production of goods and services and also for domestic use more Nigerians are increasing the demand for fuel in order to enjoy the usage of their generating sets and industrial plants. Buy and Sell Bonny Light, Forcardos Light, Excravos Light, Qua Iboe Light, Brass River Light For Sellers: To sell any of the above listed crude oil and gas products and by products through us, a seller must submit a copy of his allocation letter from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation NNPC that is verifiable from the Crude Oil Marketing Department of the same authority NNPC or the Nigerian Ministry of Petroleum to be taken seriously. Shell screen confirmations will not be accepted or Bonny terminal or any terminal confirmations in Nigeria or abroad. This is the only way we will take a seller as both genuine and serious. For Crude oil and gas by products, the same confirmations will be required from the relevant NNPC parastatal, subsidiary or agency's marketing department. We honestly do not have time for time wasters and fraudulent sellers. Warning: Do not bother to send us any Sales Purchase Agreements if it does not include the relevant confirmable and verifiable allocation letter from the relevant government authority, parastatal, agency or subsidiary. If you do we will blacklist your company on this website via the internet and forward the full details of the transaction to the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commis


The vast geographical feature called 'Chad' which forms a border between Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon and Niger, is a?

Chad Map / Geography of Chad / Map of Chad - Worldatlas.com Print this map The ancient land called Chad was inhabited over one million years ago, at a time when much of it was only water. In modern Chad, precious water is often difficult to find, while famine and war seem everywhere. Over the centuries it served as the stomping-ground of sorts for a litany of cultures and kingdoms, beginning with the Saos in the 6th century BC. The Kanem Empire became the longest-lasting in the region, gaining control in the first millennium AD, and surviving until internal struggles aided in their collapse towards the end of the 14th century. The French arrived in 1891, and established complete control of the region. France governed until Chad gained its independence in 1960, and Chadian Progressive Party (PPT) leader, Francois Tombalbaye, we appointed the country's first president. Decades of ethnic warfare followed, in addition to invasions from Libya , its most powerful neighbor. A certain level of peace was restored in 1990, but local power struggles continue, and the future of this unstable land is uncertain. On December 23, 2005, Chad declared a state of war against Sudan , due to the Sudanese government's attempt at overthrowing Chadian president, Idriss Deby. Failed attempts at overrunning the capital city of N'Djamena were orchestrated by rebel forces in 2006 and 2008, both of which were blamed on Sudan . A peace agreement was finally reached and signed on January 15, 2010, bringing the five-year war to an end, and opening the borders between both countries. Despite the peace treaty, Chad's foreseeable future remains unstable, and organized gangs have begun to terrorize the region. Much of the country is positioned within the hot and dry (and mostly unproductive) Sahara Desert, covering Chad with sand and barren scrub land. In the far south and southwest, surrounding Lake Chad, conditions improve to support an abundance of wildlife, as well as agricultural ventures. Chad's economy has recently benefited from a series of major oil field and pipeline projects, while cattle, cotton and gum arabic have long been the traditional economic mainstays. Long term weaknesses include its landlocked position, oppressive poverty, the shrinking of Lake Chad, and the ever increasing expansion of the Sahara Desert. See Also


Nigeria's international telephone country code is?

Nigeria Country Code 234 Country Code NG About Nigeria Hide CountryCode.org is your complete guide to make a call from anywhere in the world, to anywhere in the world. This page details Nigeria phone code. The Nigeria country code 234 will allow you to call Nigeria from another country. Nigeria telephone code 234 is dialed after the IDD. Nigeria international dialing 234 is followed by an area code. The Nigeria area code table below shows the various city codes for Nigeria. Nigeria country codes are followed by these area codes. With the complete Nigeria dialing code, you can make your international call. English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages Electricity Type D Old British plug Type G British 3-pin


At 12,000 years old, the Nok of Nigeria is West Africa's oldest known?

The Nok of Nigeria - Archaeology Magazine Archive The Nok of Nigeria Volume 64 Number 4, July/August 2011 by Roger Atwood Unlocking the secrets of West Africa�s earliest known civilization A terracotta head created by the Nok culture, one of ancient West Africa�s most advanced civilizations, emerges at a dig site near Janjala, Nigeria. (Courtesy Peter Breunig) In 1943, British archaeologist Bernard Fagg received a visitor in the central Nigerian town of Jos, where he had spent the previous few years gathering and classifying ancient artifacts found on a rugged plateau. The visitor carried a terracotta head that, he said, had been perched atop a scarecrow in a nearby yam field. Fagg was intrigued. The piece resembled a terracotta monkey head he had seen a few years earlier, and neither piece matched the artifacts of any known ancient African civilization. Fagg, a man of boundless curiosity and energy, traveled across central Nigeria looking for similar artifacts. As he recounted later, Fagg discovered local people had been finding terracottas in odd places for years�buried under a hockey field, perched on a rocky hilltop, protruding from piles of gravel released by power-hoses in tin mining. He set up shop in a whitewashed cottage that still stands outside the village of Nok and soon gathered nearly 200 terracottas through purchase, persuasion, and his own excavations. Soil analysis from the spots where the artifacts were found dated them to around 500 B.C. This seemed impossible since the type of complex societies that would have produced such works were not supposed to have existed in West Africa that early. But when Fagg subjected plant matter found embedded in the terracotta to the then-new technique of radiocarbon dating, the dates ranged from 440 B.C. to A.D. 200. He later dated the scarecrow head�now called the Jemaa Head after the village where it was found�to about 500 B.C. using a process called thermoluminescence which gauges the time since baked clay was fired. Through a combination of luck, legwork, and new dating techniques, Fagg and his collaborators had apparently discovered a hitherto unknown civilization, which he named Nok. One excavation site, near the village of Taruga, revealed something else Fagg had not expected: iron furnaces. He found 13 such furnaces, and terracotta figurines were in such close association�inside the furnaces and around them�that he postulated the terracottas were objects of worship to aid blacksmithing and smelting. Carbon dating of charcoal inside the furnaces revealed dates as far back as 280 B.C., giving Nok the earliest dates for iron smelting in sub-Saharan Africa up to that time. The high number of smelters and quantity of terracottas suggested he had found evidence of a dense, settled population. For more than 2,000 years since the start of the Nok period, Nigerians have been building stone house bases like this one. (Courtesy Roger Atwood) Thus, in short order, Fagg had discovered some of the key markers of an advanced civilization: refined art and organized worship, metal smelting, and sufficient population to support these activities. But he knew such a society did not appear in isolation. Fagg, now back at Oxford University in England, wrote that Nok culture had almost certainly begun earlier and survived longer than he had evidence for at the time. �It was the product of a mature tradition,� he wrote, �with the probability of a long antecedent history, of which as yet, no trace has been found.� After 40 years of doing little archaeological exploration in the area, scholars are now returning to the scrubby, hilly lands where Fagg worked and are finding that, indeed, the Nok thrived for longer than he had realized. They may have been the first complex civilization in West Africa, existing from at least 900 B.C. to about A.D. 200. Their terracottas are now some of the most iconic ancient objects from Africa. And they may be the first society in Africa south of the Sahara to smelt iron, although at least half a dozen competitors for that title have surfaced since Fagg f


The national animal emblem of Nigeria is an?

National Symbols - OnlineNigeria.com National Symbols Comment Related Content The National Flag of the Federal Republic Nigeria  is divided, vertically, into three equal parts. The central part is white while the two outer parts are green. The two green parts represent agriculture while the white represents unit and peace. The flag was designed in the twilight of colonial rule in 1960 by Mr. Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi , the a student in London. His design was adjudged the best out of 2,000 entries for the National Flag Design Competition. It earned him a cash prize of 100 pounds, paid to him through the then Nigeria High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, M.A. Martins (The Guardian, 1996 and 1999).   The Nigerian coat-of-arms, feature an eagle mounted on a black shield, which is tri-sected, by two wavy silver bands. Two white chargers support the shield, and at its base is a wreath (coctus spectabilis flowers, cast in the national colours of white and green.   The black shield represents the fertile soil while the silvery bands denote the Niger and Benue rivers which form the main inland waterways in the country. The coctus spectabifis is a colourful flower which grows wild in Nigeria. The eagle stands for strength and the chargers symbolise dignity. The national mott originally "Peace, Unity, Freedom" was changed the to "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress" in 1978. NATIONAL FLOWER The Nigerian national flower is the Coctu Spectabilis. It is a very common sight in the Guinea Savanna, which is the most extensive vegetation belt in Nigeria, occupying nearly half of the country's land area. NATIONAL ANTHEM The National Anthem adopted at independence in 1960, titled "Nigeria, we hail thee " was written by a Briton, Miss Williams. It was replaced in 1 October 1978, by a new anthem. The Nigerian National Anthem was replaced on October 1, 1978 by a new anthem. Mr. Ben Odiase, Director of Music of the Nigerian Police Band, composed the music. The wordings of the National   Arise, O compatriots, Nigeria's call obey To serve our fatherland With love and strength and faith The labor of our heroes past Shall never be in vain To serve with heart and might One nation bound in freedom, peace and unity. Oh God of creation, direct our noble cause; Guide our leaders right; Help our Youth the truth to know In love and honesty to grow And living just and true Great lofty heights attain To build a nation where peace and justice shall reign.   THE NIGERIAN NATIONAL PLEDGE The National Pledge is recited by all school children at the beginning and end of each school day. The wordings of the National pledge are as follows: I pledge to Nigeria, my country To be faithful, loyal and honest, To serve Nigeria with all my strength, To defend her unity and uphold Her honor and glory.


Nigeria is a major (until 1934 the world's largest) producer of what commodity from the Elaeis guineensis plant, used in foods, cooking and soap products?

Palm oil Palm oil Palm oil block showing the lighter color that results from boiling Palm oil (also known as dendê oil, from Portuguese) is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms , primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis , [1] and to a lesser extent from the American oil palm Elaeis oleifera and the maripa palm Attalea maripa . Palm oil is naturally reddish in color because of a high beta-carotene content. It is not to be confused with palm kernel oil derived from the kernel of the same fruit, [2] or coconut oil derived from the kernel of the coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera ). The differences are in color (raw palm kernel oil lacks carotenoids and is not red), and in saturated fat content: palm mesocarp oil is 41% saturated, while palm kernel oil and coconut oil are 81% and 86% saturated fats, respectively. Along with coconut oil, palm oil is one of the few highly saturated vegetable fats and is semisolid at room temperature. [3] Palm oil is a common cooking ingredient in the tropical belt of Africa , Southeast Asia and parts of Brazil . Its use in the commercial food industry in other parts of the world is widespread because of its lower cost [4] and the high oxidative stability ( saturation ) of the refined product when used for frying. [5] [6] The use of palm oil in food products has attracted the concern of environmental activist groups; the high oil yield of the trees has encouraged wider cultivation, leading to the clearing of forests in parts of Indonesia and Malaysia to make space for oil-palm monoculture . [7] This has resulted in significant acreage losses of the natural habitat of the orangutan , of which both species are endangered; one species in particular, the Sumatran orangutan , has been listed as critically endangered . [8] In 2004, an industry group called the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil was formed to work with the palm oil industry to address these concerns. [9] Additionally, in 1992, in response to concerns about deforestation, the Government of Malaysia pledged to limit the expansion of palm oil plantations by retaining a minimum of half the nation’s land as forest cover. [10] [11] Contents Oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) Human use of oil palms may date as far back as 5,000 years; in the late 1800s, archaeologists discovered a substance that they concluded was originally palm oil in a tomb at Abydos dating back to 3,000 BCE. [12] It is believed that Arab traders brought the oil palm to Egypt. [13] Some argue that it is not possible that Arab traders could have brought the oil palm to ancient Egypt, as the Arabs did not settle in Africa until the 8th century CE. It is more likely that the oil palm was brought to Ancient Egypt (Kemet) by its founding peoples who migrated from other regions of the African continent. [14] Palm oil from E. guineensiss has long been recognized in West and Central African countries, and is widely used as a cooking oil . European merchants trading with West Africa occasionally purchased palm oil for use as a cooking oil in Europe . Palm oil became a highly sought-after commodity by British traders, for use as an industrial lubricant for machinery during Britain’s Industrial Revolution . [15] Palm oil formed the basis of soap products, such as Lever Brothers ‘ (now Unilever ) “ Sunlight ” soap, and the American Palmolive brand. [16] By around 1870, palm oil constituted the primary export of some West African countries, such as Ghana and Nigeria , although this was overtaken by cocoa in the 1880s. Composition Fatty acids Palm oil, like all fats , is composed of fatty acids , esterified with glycerol . Palm oil has an especially high concentration of saturated fat, specifically, of the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitic acid , to which it gives its name. Monounsaturated oleic acid is also a major constituent of palm oil. Unrefined palm oil is a significant source of tocotrienol , part of the vitamin E family. [17] [18] The approximate concentration of fatty acids in palm oil is: [19] Fatty acid content of


Nigeria's 14th and current (at 2014) presidential head of state is (What optimistic expression?) Jonathan?

INTERVIEW: Buhari will win presidential poll by a landslide - Dele Momodu - Premium Times Nigeria Dele Momodu Related News In this interview with PREMIUM TIMES’ Michael Abimboye, journalist, social critic and former presidential candidate, Dele Momodu, speaks on the coming presidential election, the Goodluck Jonathan Presidency, former President Olusegun Obasanjo and other sundry issues. Excerpts: You are one of the critics of the Jonathan administration, what do you think it could have done better? For a man with that kind of background similar to mine, he should have been president of the people. Jonathan became an elitist president and the moment you are elitist in nature, outlook in attitude, you are bound to fail. Nigeria requires a selfless leader and reduces personal comfort for overall comfort of the people. The moment you gallivant all over the world, drive special jets, go to Jerusalem with entourage of people and people are lying to you that you are the best thing that ever happened to Nigeria, what nonsense. The mistake he made was that he did not come as a leader who was ready to serve his people. You look at their budget in a year they are budgeting billions for food in Aso rock. If the president is ready to downgrade his personal lifestyle, you will see that people will follow him. The key element of leadership is trust. If you are coming to Lagos, you lock down everywhere; you cannot be a man of the people, you cannot see anything and that is why the Benin-Ore road they are making noise about is still useless. They have repaired some parts of it but did not do it all the way to Sagamu. Jonathan does not see all these because when he moves, they shield him. Look at the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, the most important road linking the heartbeat of Nigeria to the rest of Nigeria. The PDP has not been able to complete it in the last 16 years. There is headway in the railway, looking at Sijuade and the rest, but the government must be more serious than ambitious. If you just want to do one rail from Lagos to Kano then make it the best quality. When are we going to start doing quality projects? Look at the international airport, the first point of contact with foreigners. I will expect the renovations that they are shouting about. I do not know how much it cost but the airport is one of the worst in the world today and that is why I took some pictures to show the world. If I were in his shoes I would have merged all the universities so that it will reduce the overhead cost. In those days, University of Ife started from University of Ibadan. The Adeyemi College of Education was in Ondo but under University of Ife. If that is done we will have a single vice chancellor manage them well and standardize them. I was made to know education is the bedrock of any great nation. Any nation where you do not make education as priority, you are going to have glorified illiterate. If we switch to economy, to create jobs is not difficult. It is for you to reduce cost of running government. If you reduce cost of running government you will be able to use money for the health of the nation. He should approach the National Assembly and tell them he is reducing the cost of running the government by 25 per cent or 50 per cent. If the National Assembly sees that he has reduced the cost by 25 per cent and plead with them to reduce the cost and they say no, then we will now take them to the court of the public. But when they see you are living lavishly, you cannot tell others not to do so. The cost of running the Federal Government is outrageous. Imagine Nigeria wanting to go and borrow $1billion to fight Boko Haram. If corruption is reduced you will see that Nigeria will be top all around the world because we are the most brilliant people in the world. If it is seen that we have a good president, people will come back home to be among the best in the world. I interacted with them – our military as far back as 2001 in Sierra Leone, later in Liberia. As a matter of fact, Nigerian military was controlling 10 out of 15 states in Liberia. They


Nigeria's governmental constitution is chiefly based on that of the?

Nigeria - Government Government Nigeria Table of Contents THE STORY OF NIGERIA during the postcolonial era has been one of a     search for the constitutional and political arrangement that, while     allowing for the self-expression of its socially and culturally diverse     peoples, would not hinder the construction of a nation out of this     mosaic. In this search, the country has experienced cycles of military     and civilian rule, civil war, and peaceful reconstruction. If any nation typified political scientist Richard Sklar's     characterization of the African continent as a "workshop of     democracy," it would certainly be Nigeria. The country has     experimented with different federal, state, and local government     systems, learning more about its needs, resources, and constraints with     each experiment. Despite the predominance of military regimes during the     three postcolonial decades, Nigerian society has retained many of the     fundamental building blocks of a democratic polity: vigorous     entrepreneurial classes, a broad intelligentsia and numerous centers of     higher education, a dynamic legal community and judiciary, diverse and     often outspoken media, and, increasingly, courageous human rights     organizations. Despite the differences in character and composition of the     successive governments, it is still possible to identify the major     threads of Nigeria's institutional evolution. As the nation finds itself     once more on the threshold of transition from military to civilian rule,     promised for 1992, examination of these threads is essential for     understanding the Nigeria that will become the Third Republic. Nigeria is essentially an artificial creation, which, like most other     African states, is a product of colonialism. This fact is central to     understanding the country's government and politics, which have been     conditioned and bedeviled by the problems of accommodating several     diversities: ethnic, linguistic (there are between 250 and 400 distinct     languages), geopolitical, religious (there is a deepening cleavage     between Christians and Muslims), and class. Nigeria became politically independent on October 1, 1960, after     about seven decades of colonial rule by the British. Prior to colonial     rule, most of the groups that today make up the country were often     distinguished by differences in history, culture, political development,     and religion. The major differences among these precolonial groups     pertained to their sociopolitical organization: anthropological and     historical studies usually distinguish between societies that were     centralized ("state") and those that were noncentralized     ("stateless"). To the former category belonged the Sokoto     Caliphate and the emirates of the north that, together with the     Kanem-Bornu Empire, were advanced Islamic theocracies. Also included in     this category were the Benin, Oyo, and other western kingdoms, as well     as the Igala Kingdom in the middle     belt or lower north. In these centralized systems,     there were clear divisions between the rulers and the ruled, usually     based on wealth and ascribed status. Institutions of a distinctly     political nature, as well as taxation systems, were already established.     Of all the centralized systems, the Sokoto Caliphate with its vassal     emirates had the most advanced form of state organization. Not     surprisingly, it provided the model for the British colonial policy of     indirect rule, i.e., the governance of indigenous peoples through their     own institutions and rulers. By contrast, in noncentralized systems such as those of the Igbo and     other eastern and middle-belt groups, there was a diffusion of     political, economic, and religious institutions and practices. Also to     be found was a large me


The dominant 14-18th century Oyo Empire of Nigeria was noted for the organizational abilities of the Yoruba people and what feature of its powerful army?

Read bahia slave revolt pdf file Institute of Islamic - African Studies 828 Concord Street, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15212 SANKORE' Institute of Islamic - African Studies E-Mail: [email protected] The Islamic Slave Revolts of Bahia: A Continuity of the 19th Century Jihad Movements of Western Sudan? I. Introduction: pages 5 - 8 A. Types of resistance 1. Primary resistance 2. Secondary resistance B. The importance of Cultural continuity in primary resistance 1. historical factor 2. linguistic factor 3. psychological factor II. The Portugese and the establishment of African slavery in Bahia: pages 9 - 15 A. The logic behind the enslavement of Africans 1. introduction of sugarcane plantation and its importance to European economy 2. the demand for labor 3. the availabilty of slaves B. The source of African slaves 1. Senegambia 2. Angola 3. the Bight of Benin a. Geges (Ewes) b. Tapas (Nupes) c. Ussas (Hausas) d. Nagos (Yorubas) C. The extent of the slave trade D. The destination of the slave in Bahia 1. the various divisions of labor of the slaves 2. the urban slave vs. the rural slave III. The role of Islam in allying diverse ethnic groups in Western Sudan: pages 16 - 21 A. The role of the scholar as the carrier of Islamic ideals 1. esoteric knowledge among Sudanese Muslims 2. the status of the scholar in the eyes of the layman 3. eschotalogical and millenarian beliefs 4. the role of jihad IV. Political turmoil in Bahian society during the 18th and early 19th centuries: pages 22 - 27 A. Social stratification 1. whites a. social status b. population 2. freedmen a. creoles b. Africans 3. slaves a. social status b. population V. The Islamic slave revolts of 1807-1809: pages 28 - 32 A. Possible causes B. Consequence and aftermath VI. The Islamic slave revolts of 1814-1816: pages 33 - 34 A. Possible causes B. Aftermath VII. The slave revolts of 1822-1830: pages 35 - 38 A. The Independence movement and its impact on the revolts of 1822 B. The revolt of 1826 and `Urubu uprising C. The revolt of 1827-29 D. The revolt of 1830 VIII. The Islamic revolt of 1835 or `Male' revolt': pages 39 - 63 A. The Islamic scholars of Bahia 1. Dandara 2. Sanim 3. Antonio 4. Ahuna 5. Pacifico Licutan 6. Manuel Calafate 7. Silvestre Jose Antonio B. Possible trade between Muslim freedmen of Bahia and the Muslims of Illorin and Hausaland 1. Importation of Hausa war drums C. Customs 1. white shirts and turbans 2. rings as identification 3. religious customs and practices D. The revolt 1. organization and planning 2. betrayal 3. the conflict E. The aftermath and repression 1. reaction from the whites 2. the prisoners 3. the trial and execution F. Interpretations to be drawn from the Arabic documents seized from the slaves 1. contents 2. meanings and commentary from traditional sources 3. implications for jihad X. Summary & Conlusion: pages 64 - 68 A. The desire for governance B. Millenarian concerns and concepts C. Comparisons between the 1835 revolt and contemporary events in Western Sudan: coincidence? XI. Bibiliography: pages 69  71 XII. Glossary: pages 72  73 "In the face of cultural aggression of all sorts, in the face of all disintegrating factors of the outside world, the 1 most efficient weapon with which a people can arm itself is this feeling of historical continuity" "The Islamic Revolts of Bahia: A Continuity of the 19th Century Jihads of Western Sudan" Introduction Resistance, revolt, and eventual social transformation is born out of an oppressed peoples awareness of themselves and the knowledge that their `collective soul' is under attack by their oppressors. To the degree that this cultural cohesiveness persist determines the degree to which the oppressed group will go in order to assure its survival. It is knowledge of one's authentic culture, religion, social status that germinates the desire for resistance in the face of cultural aggression. However, when the historical conscience and culture of an oppressed group have been erased and destroyed, it determines the manner in which they will resist or if they will opt for res


Nigeria's internet country top level domain is?

Welcome to the .ng Domain Registry website - Nigeria internet Registration Association (NiRA) Nigeria Internet Registration Association (NiRA) Facebook Welcome to the .ng Domain Registry website NiRA is the registry for .ng Internet Domain Names and maintains the database of names registered in the  .ng country code Top Level Domain.  NiRA is a self-regulating body and managers of the .ng national resource, the country code Top Level Domain(ccTLD) name space in the public interest of Nigeria and global internet communities. NiRA Policies Our Policy Development  Process gives room to Stakeholder Associations and members of the Internet community to contribute to its formulation. Read More Register a .ng Domain NiRA operates a 3R model of operation, Registry/Registrar/Registrant, it does not register domains directly for registrants. Read More. News Update


'Nollywood', Nigeria's movie industry, is ranked what position globally (by number of productions, at the 2010s)?

The Nation July 16, 2014 by The Nation - issuu issuu Chibok girls’ parents shun Aso Villa NEWS Page 6 •Jonathan calls off meeting News NBA elects Alegeh as president P6 Sports Keshi set to coach South Africa P24 Business Services, others grow economy P53 •Nigeria’s widest circulating newspaper VOL. 9, NO. 2909 WEDNESDAY, JULY 16, 2014 •www.thenationonlineng.net TR UTH IN DEFENCE OF FREEDOM TRUTH N150.00 OSUN 2014 Nyanya blast ‘mastermind’ repatriated from Sudan •APC raises alarm over threat to Aregbesola’s life •Expelled PDP members defect to APC •K1 attacked •Oyinlola: why I’m not campaigning for PDP • PAGE 9 T •Ogwuche HE police recorded a major breakthrough yesterday in the battle against insurgents, with two arrests. A Boko Haram suspected “chief butcher” was arrested in Bauchi State. INTERPOL, also yesterday, repatriated the suspected mastermind of the April 14 •Police arrest Boko Haram kingpin •Sect ‘kills 2,053 civilians in six months’ From Gbade Ogunwale, Abuja Nyanyan, Abuja bus station bombing from Sudan where he allegedly fled after the blast which killed no fewer than 71 people. Police spokesman Frank Mba said Ogwuche was hand- ed over to the Interpol Unit by the Sudanese authorities. Mba added that the suspect was flown into the country on a special flight from Khartoum, the Sudanese capital. The plane landed at the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja at 3.00pm. The statement said: “Following the conclusion of tortuous legal and diplomatic processes between Nigeria and the Republic of Sudan, the co-mastermind of the Nyanya Motor Park bombing in which scores of citizens died and hundreds wounded, Aminu Sadiq Ogwuche, was Tuesday, 15th July, 2014 extradited to the country from Sudan where he had taken refuge. “It will be recalled that the terror fugitive who had Continued on page 4 •INSIDE: HOW PDP-LED FEDERAL GOVT GAINS FROM BOKO HARAM, BY APC P1 6 P16 Nyako vows to fight his impeachment in court Speaker sworn in as acting governor Governors, Saraki, Atiku, Balarabe, condemn action ‘ From Yusuf Alli, Abuja A N acting governor mounted the saddle yesterday in Adamawa State after Governor Murtala Nyako’s controversial impeachment. Speaker Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri took the oath of office in Yola, the state capital, at a hurriedly organised ceremony witnessed by Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) chieftains. Lawmakers impeached Nyako shortly after the “hawks” in the ruling PDP forced Deputy Governor Bala Ngilari to resign. There were plans to arrest Nyako, who was said to have left Yola late Monday. After deliberating on the report of the Investigative Panel headed by Buba Kaigama, 18 of the 25 members of the Assembly opted to remove Nyako. The Assembly actually needed the consent of 17 members to remove the governor. Continued on page 4 ? INSIDE •How he was removed •Uncertain days ahead •A governor’s travails WHERE ARE •Failed rescue efforts THE CHIBOK •Jonathan begins GIRLS ‘gunboat democracy’ KIDNAPPED ON APRIL 15? •AND MORE ON PAGES 2-5 •Nyako They have done their worst; they can’t go beyond this. But there is divine justice waiting for all in the end. Can anyone run away from divine justice?...Sometimes, Allah chooses the most difficult path to take power but at the end of the day a pleasant era will come. “Allah’s will has been done but we are challenging the process in the court ’ •EXCESS CRUDE ACCOUNT HITS $4.05B P53 •SHOT ABIA COMMISSIONER IS DEAD P9 THE NATION WEDNESDAY, JULY 16, 2014 2 NEWS NYAKO’S IMPEACHMENT Jonathan News Analysis T •The retiring Head of Service of Oyo State, Alhaji Tajudeen Aremu (centre) flanked by the Deputy Governor, Chief Moses Alake Adeyemo (right), the Secretary to the State Government, Mr. Ismail Olalekan Alli (left) and some commissioners shortly after a valedictory State Executive Council meeting held for Alhaji Aremu at the Executive Council Chambers of the Governor's Office, Ibadan...yesterday. •From left: Comedian T. A; Project Fame presenter, Joseph Benjamin; General Manager, Consumer Operation, MTN, Kola Oyeyemi, and CEO Brilla FM, Larry Izamoge during 'Readers R Leader


The Third Mainland (What?) in Lagos is (at the 2010s) Africa's longest?

Eight Months in Africa Eight Months in Africa Lesson Learned (second blog title alliteration!) Some stuff: 1) Today when I was typing up the speech I have to give at my organization's big event on Saturday, I had about 5 tiny ants appear in various locations on my laptop over about a 20 minute time span - a couple started hiking across my monitor screen, others ambling along other Dell surfaces. I was working on my bed, so I started getting worried that there was some hidden ant hill that was going to terrorize me when I went to bed. But soon, I realized that the ants were crawling out of my keyboard. The dry cereal I sometimes snack on while working must be leaving tiny crumbs in my keyboard (hmm...probably not great for the laptop). I haven't noticed any bugs in my room...I'm pretty careful to keep food and such in containers, with the exception of dry cereal crumbs in my keyboard. I DO however notice ants marching in to my office through the open windows and under the unanchored carpet. We try to keep as much ventilation as possible in the office since there's no A.C. (except in the boss's office) and we all tolerate the random lizard wondering in through the open windows and doors and ignore the tiny ranks of ants filing in. I wonder what it's like living in a computer keyboard. It must get a little scary when I'm writing. Like now...they're probably all scurrying for their lives down there. I guess cereal crumbs are worth it! 2) Speaking of cereal, I tried Fruity Pebbles with water today. I usually eat cereal here with juice since fresh milk is very very hard to come by, but since I was running a little low on funds, I didn't want to spend money on juice when I had bottled water in the room. Surprisingly, it's not so bad. The sugar flavor in Fruity Pebbles is strong enough that a little dilution doesn't really take away. I do miss milk though. 3) Fifteen days until I fly to Zambia. I'm starting to get very excited. Starting all over again! My well-traveled American friends here have assured me that my experience there will be totally different than here. Also, since I'll be working with kids there instead of in an office, the nature of my daily activities in Zambia will be quite a contrast to those in Nigeria. I might have to read back through previous blog entries. I feel like I've written this before. Between journaling, blogging, emailing, writing letters, giving interviews, and phone calls, I can never remember what I've said to who and when. Anyway, I'm trying to get some serious blogging in now because it my internet and phone connections there will be much less regular. I was told that the best luck with the internet connection at the place I'll be staying is between 5 and 7 in the morning. I love you guys, buuuuut, that could be a slight deterrent to good correspondence. 4) I've spent a little time going back through journal and blog entries and it makes me a bit uncomfortable (I always get that feeling when I look back on my own, slightly dated writing though, so I guess it's not unusual). Little cultural misunderstandings, silly assumptions, and generalizations pop out at me, especially after my day today. I had a rather humbling experience at work. I've been getting a little too cocky about my expertise in event planning in developing countries (which is obviously non-existent anyway). I won't go into detail about what happened, but suffice it to say it was a much needed blow to the ego and after a little recovery time I quickly realized that living here for three months doesn't mean I own the place. As I've said many times before, it's hard to reconcile the contradictions of life here. On one hand, it's made clear that I'm a foreigner and an outsider who can never really know what it means to BE Nigerian, but on the other hand people love to see me dress up in their clothes and (attempt) to speak their language and sing their songs. I bounce from feeling awkwardly left out to feeling 100% Naija, as they would say. 5) I spent time with some American friends on Sunday. It was the first time I've been aroun


Nigerian Aliko Dangote is (at 2014) Africa's foremost?

Nigeria: Dangote Named Forbes Africa Person of the Year 2014 - allAfrica.com Nigeria: Dangote Named Forbes Africa Person of the Year 2014 Photo: WEF Alhaji Aliko Dangote. Billionaire Nigerian business man, Aliko Dangote, was weekend named as the Forbes Africa Person of the Year 2014. Other finalists of the most coveted award were South Africa's Public Protector, Thuli Madonsela, Nigerian author, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Director-General of the Securities and Exchange Commission, (SEC), Arunma Oteh and President of the African Development Bank, Donald Kaberuka. In selecting Dangote, the panel of judges noted that "Aliko Dangote is a lion of Africa in terms of business. He is second to none when it comes to investing in Africa, not just Nigeria. He is also a capitalist with a big heart. He puts his money where his mouth is and his foundation is a step forward for a man who wants to make a difference on the continent," This was Dangote's fourth nomination for the prestigious awards. Other past finalists include his Highness Dr. Sanusi Lamido Sanusi (2011), James Mwangi (2012) and Akinwumi Adesina (2013). Also feted during the event was Donald Kaberuka, president of the African Development Bank. Kaberuka, who received the lifetime achievement award. Chairman, CMA Investment Holding, Rakesh Wahi, described Forbes as a brand, synonymous with entrepreneurship, inspiration, success, failure, getting up after failure and never giving up despite all the odds. He said Forbes highlights journeys of hope; of trials and tribulations of people who despite all challenges have the courage and determination to see their dreams to fruition. Commenting on the Forbes Person of the Year Award, he said: "This is our fourth Person of the Year Event. The mission of this event is to honor one exceptional leader from the African continent, who has made an impact not only on the industry he or she serves, but who also has touched the lives of people, and in doing so is a role model for future generations of business leaders. The person who we are about to honor today, personifies all the values of the Forbes brand". While giving his acceptance speech, Dangote said he considered it an honour to be nominated for the award and thanked the organisers for the priviledge of choosing him as the "Forbes Man of the Year". "My thanks also goes to my family for their unquantifiable support over the years; my diligent staff for their uncommon dedication to duty; my fellow Africans for believing in us; and my numerous friends across the globe, who have been a source of inspiration. I will also like to specially recognise and commend the other nominees for making it up to this stage. Their achievement is no mean feat, given the quality of the award". Revealing that Dangote Group is already in 16 African countries, he assured that the Group will continue to expand its footprints across the continent because "we believe that it is only Africans themselves that can develop Africa for the Africans". Dangote said: "Of course there are challenges, but which are not insurmountable as long as we stay united in our resolve to overcome them. If we all join hands together, we can emancipate Africa from poverty, ignorance and disease - the triple obstacles to our development as a people"   Copyright © 2014 This Day. All rights reserved. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media ( allAfrica.com ). To contact the copyright holder directly for corrections — or for permission to republish or make other authorized use of this material, click here. AllAfrica publishes around 700 reports a day from more than 140 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals , representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct. Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissione