Which Asian country is the world’s largest exporter of black pepper?

2. The World Pepper Industry 2. The World Pepper Industry 2.1. Producing Countries Pepper is cultivated today in many countries. Brazil, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka (who are members of the International Pepper Community or IPC) and Vietnam, China, Ecuador, Madagascar, Thailand and Cambodia produce quantities of pepper significant in world trade. Other countries where pepper is grown on a small scale are Mexico, Brunei, Fiji, Samoa, Micronesia, Guatemala, Honduras, St. Lucia, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Benin, Kenya, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Uganda and Zambia. 2.2. Global Production World pepper production has been increasing over the last half century. Recent estimates show that annual production ranged between 176,000 to 239,000 tons during 1991 to1996. IPC estimates that world production in 2003 was much higher at 362,160 tons. This increase in production has mainly been due to a substantial expansion in area and production in Vietnam, as well as increased output from Indonesia and China. In 2004, there was a marginal decline in production of about 3%. Vietnam has become the worlds largest producer of pepper, followed by Indonesia and India. IPC member countries in 2004 accounted for an estimated 55% of total world production Table 1 gives details of worldwide area, production and yield of pepper during the period from 2001 to 2004. 2.3. Area and Productivity There has been steady growth in area and production of pepper over     the last few years. Total planted area reportedly increased from 523,000 ha in 2001 to     563,000 ha in 2003, an increase of 7.7 %. The attractive price for pepper, which prevailed     during 1999 and to some extent in 2000, encouraged farmers to expand the area cultivated     with pepper. Overall estimated pepper yield, however appears to have peaked in 2002, at     637 kg per hectare, declining in 2003 to 581 kg per hectare, reflecting decreased     expenditure on farm maintenance and inputs. This expansion of area and increase in production is of concern to     producers, for the world market has responded to the surplus production with steadily     declining prices, to the very low levels prevailing at present. It is observed that the     present unattractive price level has discouraged farmers from cultivating pepper in new     areas. While the expectation of future production declines may curb further deterioration     in price, total supply is likely to remain at a relatively high level, barring any     unforeseen developments such as extreme weather conditions in producing countries as newly     planted areas are likely to offset declines in productivity in old and poorly maintained     farms. 2.4. Pepper Production and Export in the IPC countries     in Asia and the Pacific In Asia and the Pacific region, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri     Lanka are members of the International Pepper Community. As a smallholder crop providing a     source of income for a large number of farmers, pepper is an important commodity at the     regional and national level. India : Ninety percent of the pepper grown in India is     found in Kerala and the rest mainly in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and Andaman and     Nicobar Islands. There are small areas of production in Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Goa, Assam     and Tripura. Black pepper produced in Kerala is known as Malabar Black Pepper. The official estimates of area and production of pepper in different     states and Union Territories in India are shown in Table 2. In Kerala, more than 80% of the pepper farms are small (< 0.2 ha) or medium (0.2 ha to 0. 8 ha). Karnataka, which is the second largest producing State in India, grows pepper extensively in coffee plantations using shade tree, mainly silver oak as supports. Yields per hectare in India are among the lowest when compared to other producing countries, mainly because pepper is grown as a mixed crop and improved production technologies are not widely adopted. With nearly 40% of the global ar


Which Rodgers and Hammerstein musical made its television debut when CBS broadcast the 1955 film version as a three-hour Thanksgiving special in 1970?

The King and I - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos The King and I NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE This article is about the stage musical. For other uses, see The King and I (disambiguation) . The King and I 2015 Tony Award for Best Revival The King and I is a musical , the fifth by the team of composer Richard Rodgers and dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II . It is based on the 1944 novel Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon , which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens , governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s. The musical's plot relates the experiences of Anna, a British schoolteacher hired as part of the King's drive to modernize his country. The relationship between the King and Anna is marked by conflict through much of the piece, as well as by a love that neither can admit. The musical premiered on March 29, 1951, at Broadway 's St. James Theatre . It ran nearly three years, then the fourth longest-running Broadway musical in history, and has had many tours and revivals. In 1950, theatrical attorney Fanny Holtzmann was looking for a part for her client, veteran leading lady Gertrude Lawrence . Holtzmann realized that Landon's book would provide an ideal vehicle and contacted Rodgers and Hammerstein , who were initially reluctant but agreed to write the musical. The pair initially sought Rex Harrison to play the supporting part of the King, a role that he had played in the 1946 film made from Landon's book, but he was unavailable. They settled on the young actor and television director Yul Brynner . The musical was an immediate hit, winning Tony Awards for Best Musical , Best Actress (for Lawrence) and Best Featured Actor (for Brynner). Lawrence died unexpectedly of cancer a year and a half after the opening, and the role of Anna was played by several actresses during the remainder of the Broadway run of 1,246 performances. A hit London run and U.S. national tour followed, together with a 1956 film for which Brynner won an Academy Award , and the musical was recorded several times. In later revivals, Brynner came to dominate his role and the musical, starring in a four-year national tour culminating in a 1985 Broadway run shortly before his death. Christopher Renshaw directed major revivals on Broadway (1996), winning the Tony Award for Best Revival , and in the West End (2000). A 2015 Broadway revival won another Tony for Best Revival. Both professional and amateur revivals of The King and I continue to be staged regularly throughout the English-speaking world. Contents Historical background[ edit ] King Mongkut (far right) with his heir Chulalongkorn seated next to him and some of his other children. A wife is seated at left. Mongkut , King of Siam , was about 57 years old in 1861. He had lived half his life as a Buddhist monk and was an able scholar, founding a new order of Buddhism and a temple in Bangkok (paid for by his half-brother, King Nangklao ). Through his decades of devotion, Mongkut acquired an ascetic lifestyle and a firm grasp of Western languages. When Nangklao died in 1850, Mongkut became king. At that time, various European countries were striving for dominance, and American traders sought greater influence, in Southeast Asia. He ultimately succeeded in keeping Siam an independent nation, partly by familiarizing his heirs and harem with Western ways. [1] In 1861, Mongkut wrote to his Singapore agent, Tan Kim Ching , asking him to find a British lady to be governess to the royal children. At the time, the British community in Singapore was small, and the choice fell on a recent arrival there, Anna Leonowens (1831–1915), who was running a small nursery school in the colony. [2] Leonowens was the Anglo-Indian daughter of an Indian Army soldier and the widow of Thomas Owens, a clerk and hotel keeper. She had arrived in Singapore two years previously, claiming to be the genteel widow of an officer and explaining her dark complexion by stating that she was Welsh by birth. Her deception was not detected until long after her death, and had still


John Hosking was the first Mayor of which Australian city?

Hosking, John Hosking, John Hosking, John Terri McCormack John Hosking was born in London in 1806, the third son of Methodist teacher John Hosking and his wife Ann Elizabeth. John Hosking senior brought his family to Sydney on 29 January 1809 in response to an invitation from the Reverend Samuel Marsden to take charge of the Female Orphan School. Hosking junior spent part of his childhood in Sydney until his family went back to England in July 1819, and returned to Sydney on the Sir George Osborne in December 1825. Sydney's inaugural mayor Upon his return to Sydney, John Hosking opened a store, first at Pitt Street and later at Albion Wharf, Sussex Street. He married Martha Foxlowe Terry, the daughter of former convict and wealthy merchant Samuel Terry, 'the Botany Bay Rothschild', and former innkeeper Rosetta Marsh, on 16 June 1829, and they later had three daughters. Hosking went into business with John Terry Hughes, nephew and step son-in-law to Samuel Terry, and prospered, investing the profits in real estate at Darling Harbour, Macquarie Fields, Monaro, and the Foxlowe Estate on the Molonglo River. In 1841, he purchased waterfront land at East Balmain (near contemporary Hosking Street) and subdivided it into 29 lots of which only 13 were sold. Hosking was a member of the Southern Cattle Association and director of the Sydney Banking Company in 1841. He held shares in the Sydney College and was an active Methodist, like his father. Hosking was a Foundation Alderman for Bourke Ward, 1 November 1842, and was the first elected mayor of the City of Sydney from November 1842 to September 1843. He was also appointed a magistrate in 1842. A change of fortunes In 1843, Hughes & Hosking became insolvent, forcing Hosking to resign from council and withdraw his nomination for the Legislative Council. The Bank of Australia, their largest creditor, collapsed on 2 March 1843. By the time of his death, most of Hosking's property had been sold. In 1854, Hosking rented Vaucluse House while his grand stone residence, Carrara, was being built. He died at Mount Pleasant, Penrith, on 9 September 1882. References Charles H Bertie, The Early History of the Sydney Municipal Council, Sydney City Council, 1911 City of Sydney Archives, Aldermen's File, photos Bertie, 80/191, THC 92/012 Shirley Fitzgerald and Hilary Golder, Pyrmont & Ultimo: under seige, Halstead Press, Ultimo, 2009 Phillip Geeves, Philip Geeves' Sydney, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1981 Hilary Golder, A Short Electoral History of Sydney City Council 1842–1992, City of Sydney website, http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/aboutsydney/documents/history/hs_chos_electoral_history.pdf, viewed 30 September 2010 Hilary Golder, Sacked: removing and remaking the Sydney City Council 1853–1988, City of Sydney in association with Books & Writers, Sydney, 2004 Leichhardt Historical Journal, Annandale Association; Balmain Association; Glebe Society, Annandale, vol 14 Vivienne Parsons, 'Hosking, John (1806–1882)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol 1, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp 554–555 Eric Russell, Woollahra: a history in pictures, John Ferguson in association with Woollahra Municipal Council, Sydney, 1980


Which British singer had a 1997 hit single with ‘Angels’?

Top 30 Songs with Angel in the Title The List Blog - Top 10 Top 30 Songs with Angel in the Title Staff Profiles Top 30 Songs with Angel in the Title Angels are mythical beings often depicted as messengers of God in the Hebrew Bible, Christian Bibles, and the Quran. The term "angel" has been used to describe spiritual beings found in many oral traditions. The roles of angels include protecting and guiding human beings, and carrying out God's tasks. In the last 75 years, hundreds of popular songs have been released that discuss angels. Many times the lyrics examine heaven, death, and love. It can be comforting to think that someone might be watching over and helping us make life decisions. This article will examine 30 popular angel songs. 30. Slaughter - Fly to the Angels Year: 1990 Slaughter is an American heavy metal band formed in Las Vegas, Nevada by lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist Mark Slaughter and bassist Dana Strum. The band reached stardom in 1990 with their first album Stick It to Ya. The record saw 3 songs hit the U.S. Billboard Hot 100: Fly to the Angels (#19), Up All Night (#27), and Spend My Life (#39). In July of 2011, Slaughter performed at the Halfway Jam festival in Royalton, Minnesota with Lita Ford, Cinderella, Skid Row, Stephen Pearcy, Kix, Quiet Riot, and Firehouse. 29. Alabama - Angels Among Us Year: 1993 Angels Among Us is a song written by Don Goodman and Becky Hobbs, and recorded by the American country music band Alabama. The song was released in December 1993 as a Christmas single from the band's 1993 album Cheap Seats. It charted twice on the Hot Country Songs charts. It features backing vocals from the Sanctuary Choir and Young Musicians Choir of the First Baptist Church of Fort Payne, Alabama. Alabama lead singer Randy Owen has said that the band received "hundreds of letters from all over the world saying that the song was a blessing." 28. Bobby Helms - My Special Angel Year: 1957 My Special Angel is a popular song by Jimmy Duncan, published in 1957. It became a crossover hit in 1957 for Bobby Helms. Helms version peaked at #7 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and spent four weeks at number one on the U.S. Country music chart. In the United Kingdom, a version recorded by Malcolm Vaughan spent 14 weeks on the charts, peaking at number three. 27. Jon Secada - Angel Year: 1993 Angel is a 1993 hit song by Jon Secada from his debut album Jon Secada. It was a major success, reaching #18 on the pop chart, #1 on Hot Latin Tracks, and coming close to the top of the adult contemporary chart in the United States. It is a meaningful love song with great lyrics and a touching feel. Secada's debut album sold over 6 million copies around the world and was named one of the top pop records of the 1990s. 26. Hinder - Lips of an Angel Year: 2005 Lips of an Angel is a power ballad by Oklahoma rock band Hinder. It was released as the second single from their album Extreme Behavior (2005). The song was the band's breakthrough hit, charting in the Top 10 in the United States, and reaching #1 in Australia and New Zealand. The lyrics of the song deal with the singer describing his feelings when his favored girlfriend from his past calls late at night. 25. Ray Charles with Willie Nelson - Seven Spanish Angels Year: 1984 Seven Spanish Angels' is a 1984 single written by Troy Seals and Eddie Setser and recorded by Ray Charles with Willie Nelson. It is the most successful of Ray Charles' eight hits on the country chart. The single spent one week at number one and a total of twelve weeks on the country chart. It is about a Mexican outlaw and his beautiful girlfriend who are trying to outrun a posse. When the pair are finally cornered and exhausted from running, they decide to fight the approaching lawmen with gunfire and are killed. The song reached #6 on the New Zealand singles chart. 24. Curtis Lee - Pretty Little Angel Eyes Year: 1961 Curtis Lee is an American singer of the early 1960s. Lee was twice over the beneficiary of 1961 music productions by Phil Spector, with Pretty Little Angel Ey


In the human body, the buccal cavity is commonly known as what?

What is the Buccal Cavity? (with pictures) What is the Buccal Cavity? Originally Written By: Aniza Pourtauborde Revised By: C. Mitchell Last Modified Date: 14 December 2016 Copyright Protected: These 10 animal facts will amaze you The buccal cavity is more commonly known as the mouth, and it is the beginning of the digestive system for humans and animals alike. It starts with the lips and ends with the throat, covering the oral cavity, the tongue, and the jaw in between. Digestion is its primary function, but it also has an important role in communication. The development of speech, including words and sounds, happens here, and expressions made with the mouth are often an important part of non-verbal social cues and communications, too. Primary Sections Most medical experts talk about the mouth in terms of its two main sections, known as the vestibule and the buccal cavity proper. The vestibule is the gap between the teeth and cheeks, while the cavity proper is portion of the mouth between the teeth, which includes the tongue and throat, is roofed by the hard and soft palates, and is floored by the tongue. Both sections have important roles to play. The vestibule receives the secretion of saliva and transfers this to the main cavity, which is where digestion first gets started. When the two parts work together a person is able to chew, break down, and swallow food and drink. Importance of the Lips At least in humans, the buccal cavity begins with the lips. The lips are made up of upper and lower parts. They are soft and fleshy folds of skin lined with mucous membranes, though the skin here is thinner than it is in most other parts of the body. It’s often more sensitive, too, and doesn’t contain hair, sweat glands, or sebaceous glands. Most people have a lot of nerve endings in their lips, and they are usually considered a tactile organ, sensitive to both touch and temperature. The main job of lips is to assist with the intake of food as it passes into the mouth. Infants and babies often need them to suck and receive milk, and even in older children and adults the lips are one of the main ways that food is drawn into the larger mouth. They also play an important role in keeping things in during chewing and early digestive breakdown. Closed lips provide a relatively tight chamber, keeping food and drink locked firmly inside. Lips are also really important when it comes to speech and facial expressions. People depend on lip movements to make different sounds and to form words, and they can also play a role in non-verbal communication. A frown can signal displeasure, for instance, while a smile usually relates to happiness, contentedness, or even agreement. Tongue and Jaw The cavity also includes the tongue and jaw. In humans and most animals, the tongue covers the entire bottom part of the mouth, and it is one of the sensory organs of the human body. It is covered with small pimple-like bumps called taste buds, which enable it to distinguish five different flavors: sweet, bitter, salty, sour, and umami. Aside from this, the tongue helps with the chewing and swallowing of food by keeping it moist and manipulating it from one section of the cavity to the other. The tongue also influences the projection of sounds and speech. The jaw is a part of the buccal cavity that is critical to the chewing of food. It is made up of a fixed upper jawbone, known as the maxala, and a mobile lower jawbone, known as the mandible. Together these two parts move back and forth to facilitate the tearing and chewing of food by the teeth. Similar to the tongue, movements of the jaw influence speech and communication of sounds, too. Roles Played by the Throat The throat is where the first section of the digestive system ends and the second section begins. It is found at the end of the buccal cavity proper and is made up of the pharynx, larynx , trachea, and esophagus. The throat has multiple functions, the first of which is to enable swallowing in order to control the buildup of excess secretions in the mouth such as saliva and mucus . In the digesti


The Khamaseen (or Chamsin) is what type of weather condition?

Heatwave, Hamsin or Sharav - Anglo-List Heatwave, Hamsin or Sharav Hamsin - 50 days of heat & dust Hebrew:  אקלים ומזג האוויר בישראל - שרב או חמסין   What is a Hamsin? In short a "hamsin" is an oppressive, hot southerly or southeasterly, sandy wind blowing up from Egypt in spring. "Hamsin" is an Arabic word. You might see it spelled like this: khamsin, khamseen, khamaseen, chamsin or hamsin. The name originates from the Arabic word for fifty - khamsin, or similarly in Hebrew - chamishim.  It refers to a unique set of weather conditions often in the spring and early summer months. There are approximately 50 days in a year when these weather conditions prevail in the Levant; North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula - hence the name.   A Sharav The Arabic word "chamsin" has nothing to do with the Hebrew word for hot - "cham" חם.  In Hebrew this weather condition is called a Sharav but in Israel it is commonly referred to by the Arabic name - chamsin. Typically, in Israel, during a Sharav, temperatures can increase by 10° C within a few hours .  This oppressive, dry heat is often accompanied by large amounts of dust. Be prepared if you are an allergy sufferer!  Typically this weather condition lasts one or two days at a time.  As soon as the Sharav breaks, the wind changes direction, and a cool sea breeze generally follows.  Sometimes there is light rain too. This extreme heat and wind is of great concern to farmers in Israel; crops can easily be damaged or destroyed. What to do? You can easily dehydrate; prevent it by making sure your family drinks plenty of water. Try not to hang up laundry.  One might be tempted to do a few loads and get them dry as fast as possible.  Remember that the sharav often brings dust and sand and these fine particles will settle on the newly laundered items. It might seem like a good idea to go to the beach and catch some rays, be careful,  this can be dangerous. Keep out of the direct sun. If you're in a car and driving long distances, keep the air conditioner on and regularly check on the welfare of small children who may be with you in the vehicle.  Never leave children, or the family pet alone in the car, even for a couple of minutes. The inside temperature of a car rapidly increases and can be life threatening when there is not adequate ventilation.  Terrible tragedies have happened this way. Head for the shopping mall and spend the day in cool, air-conditioned comfort!


In 2012, which British MP apologised to his former French teacher in a letter published in the Radio Times, for misbehaving in class 30 years ago?

Gove apologises to his former French teacher - BBC News BBC News Gove apologises to his former French teacher 23 October 2012 Close share panel Image caption Mr Gove said it was never too late to set the record straight Education Secretary Michael Gove has apologised to his former French teacher for misbehaving in class 30 years ago. In a letter published in the Radio Times, he says he cringes when he remembers himself, aged 15, competing to ask "clever-dick questions" and indulging in "pathetic showing off". He asks the teacher, Mr Montgomery, whom he refers to as Danny, to accept his apology. Mr Gove goes on to pay tribute to the work of the teaching profession. My mum told me, it's never too late to set the record straight. Michael Gove, Education Secretary The letter says: "It may be too late to say I'm sorry. Thirty years too late." He adds: "When I look back at the 15-year-old I was, lurking at the back of your French class at Robert Gordon's College in Aberdeen, I cringe. "You were trying, patiently, doggedly, good-humouredly, to broaden our horizons. You were, without any pretension or pomposity, attempting to coax a group of hormonal lads to look beyond familiar horizons and venture further. "You weren't just dinning irregular verbs into our heads, you were opening up a different way of seeing. "And all we could do was compete to think of clever-dick questions to embarrass you and indulge in pathetic showing-off at your expense." Mr Gove writes that his former teacher was "unaffectedly passionate" about both French and German. 'Growing gratitude' But he was confronted with a "cocksure crew of precociously assertive boys who recognised you were only a few years older - a rookie in the classroom - and therefore ripe for ragging". Mr Gove acknowledges that because they misbehaved they missed out, and thanks Mr Montgomery for his perseverance. "As I've grown up - and become a father myself - my gratitude only grows. To you, and to everyone else in your profession," he says. Mr Gove goes on to tell the teacher that his work, and that of the rest of the teaching profession is "hugely appreciated". He ends by saying: "So Danny, it may be too late to say I'm sorry. But, as my mum told me, it's never too late to set the record straight. "And you were a great teacher - one of many who helped introduce me to the work of great thinkers and writers - and thus gave me the greatest gift of all - the chance to write my own life story." National Union of Teachers general secretary Christine Blower said: "So Mr Gove recognises that teachers are not the enemies of promise or happy with mediocrity as he previously asserted. "I take this open letter as an apology to the profession for those unacceptable characteristics and a recognition that teachers do an amazing job every day. "Teaching is indeed of critical importance so if Mr Gove really believes that let's see policies emanating from the DfE [Department for Education] that teachers would welcome."


The main entrance of which London museum is situated on Great Russell Street?

British Museum - Getting here Getting here The British Museum, Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3DG Transport for London Journey Planner Please note that tour groups must use the King Edward entrance on Montague Place, WC1E 7JW. By Tube Buses that stop near the Museum: 1, 8, 19, 25, 38, 55, 98, 242 Stop on New Oxford Street 10, 14, 24, 29, 73, 134, 390 Stop northbound on Tottenham Court Road, southbound on Gower Street 59, 68, X68, 91, 168, 188 Stop on Southampton Row Transport for London: cycling information  Santander Cycle Hire The nearest docking station is just outside the Museum gates, on the corner of Great Russell Street and Montague Street. About the Congestion Charge  Parking There is little on-street parking available. The nearest car park to the Museum is located at Bloomsbury Square, WC1A 2RJ. Website for Bloomsbury Square car park  Disabled parking There is limited parking in the Museum's forecourt for disabled visitors only. To make arrangements please telephone +44 (0)20 7323 8299 at least 24 hours in advance. You will be asked to provide the registration number, make and model of your vehicle and the date of your visit. Groups Entering the Museum Groups of 10 people or more must use the King Edward entrance on Montague Place, postcode WC1E 7JW . Groups must also book their visit at least seven days in advance.


Which sculpture by Auguste Rodin was originally named ‘The Poet’?

Auguste Rodin - Biography - IMDb Auguste Rodin Jump to: Overview  (2) | Mini Bio  (1) | Trivia  (2) Overview (2) Mini Bio (1) Auguste Rodin was a prominent French sculptor best known for "The Thinker." He was born Francois-Auguste-Rene Rodin, on November 12, 1840, in Paris, France. His father, Jean-Baptiste Rodin, was a detective in the Paris police department. His mother, Marie Cheffer, was a former seamstress. Rodin was somewhat shy and nearsighted from an early age. Young Rodin started serious drawing lessons at the age of 10. From the age of 14 he studied art at the École Impériale de Dessin, a government school for craft and design (also called "la Petite École", or "Small School") in Paris. There he discovered sculpture and acquired a thorough grounding in the tradition of French 18th-century art. Rodin also studied anatomy under the tutelage of sculptor Antoine-Louis Barye. In 1858 he left "la Petite Ecole" and sought admission to study at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts; he applied three times but was rejected each time. So, instead of a formal education, Rodin served a long and difficult apprenticeship under Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, a highly successful sculptor, for whom Rodin started as a modeler, then became an assistant. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 he followed his teacher to Belgium. There he became a partner of Antoine Van Raspbourgh and worked on monumental allegorical sculptures for the Brussels Bourse. Rodin considered "Man with the Broken Nose" to be his earliest major work. Much to his disappointment, the Salon rejected the work twice, in 1864 and 1865. While in Brussels Rodin made a number of decorative female figures in terra cotta, to which he began to sign his name. In 1875 he made a trip to Italy. where he studied the works of Michelangelo. In 1876 Rodin created "The Bronze Age" and exhibited it in Brussels and at the Salon des artistes Francais in Paris. He was falsely accused by critics of having cast the entire statue from a live model. The French government bought "The Bronze Age" and a bronze model of St. John the Baptist. From 1879-1882 Rodin worked at the Manufacture de Sevres. In 1884 the city council of Calais commissioned a monument that became "The Burghers of Calais". In 1888 the French government commissioned "The Kiss" in marble for the Universal exhibition of 1889. Rodin became the founding member of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. At that time he exhibited with Claude Monet . In the 1890s he created monuments to Claude Le Lorrain, Victor Hugo and Honoré de Balzac , and also worked on other commissions. In 1892 Rodin was promoted to Officer of the Légion d'Honneur. In 1899 the large-scale "Eve" was shown at the Salon. In 1903 Rodin was appointed Commander of the Légion d'Honnoeur. In 1864 Rodin met a seamstress, Rose Beuret. They had a son, named Auguste-Eugene Beret, who was born in 1866. Rose became the model for many of his works. She and Rodin remained lifetime companions and formally married in 1917, the year they both died. Rodin had another relationship with a student named Camille Claudel, who was 25 years younger than him. She became his mistress at the age of 18, and inspired Rodin as a model for his several sculptures of passionate love couples. Camille was also a talented pupil; she worked for Rodin and assisted him during his four-year work on the bronze group "Les Bourgeois de Calais" ("The Burghers of Calais", 1884-1888). Unfortunately, her mental problems brought tragic complexity in Rodin's life (she was eventually committed to a mental asylum). He remained attached to Rose, who patiently endured his other affairs. In 1903 he met an English painter, Gwendolen Mary John, and she became his mistress and was his model for "The Whistler Muse". In 1904 Rodin met the American-born Duchess Claire de Choiseul, who dominated his life until 1912. His complex relationships found reflection in his works: "Eternal Spring", "The Poet and Love", "The Genius and Pity", "The Sculptor and his Muse". Rodin preferred to sketch the natural spontaneity of amateur mod


How many nuclear weapons have been used in the course of warfare?

Nuclear Weapons and Warfare | RAND RAND > Topics > Nuclear Weapons and Warfare Nuclear weapons, the means of producing them, and their potential use play significant roles in international relations and homeland security. Throughout its history, RAND has provided detailed analyses and recommendations for defense planners and helped policymakers make informed national security decisions with regard to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the nuclear activities of India, Pakistan, China, North Korea, Iran, and other nations. By Type Domestic Political Discord Now the Greatest Threat to U.S. Global Leadership Faced with traditional threats from opponents such as Russia and emerging threats from non-traditional adversaries such as the Islamic State, the United States needs a comprehensive foreign policy strategy that can provide stability and improve policymakers' ability to manage in today's more complex and turbulent times. Jan 18, 2017 The post–Cold War era is over. The United States faces new challenges abroad and rising political polarization at home. How should America advance its interests and pursue new opportunities around the world? Jan 18, 2017 The United States needs a coherent international strategy for today's turbulent world. But this will be hard to pursue without more domestic political consensus on America's global role. Jan 18, 2017 Trump Should Confront Kim Over ICBM Tests Whether successful or not, an ICBM test by North Korea would be very much against U.S. interests and President-elect Trump should act to counter it as early as possible. A turn to the basics of deterrence would be the path most likely to succeed. Jan 6, 2017 No Quick Fix with Russia A series of small steps is more likely to improve Western and Russian security than an attempt at a total reset. At the same time, sanctions against Russia over its actions in Ukraine, and NATO actions to reassure and protect allies, must continue. Jan 3, 2017 Beijing's perceptions and assessments aren't static. They evolve as China's standing in the world increases and its interests grow. U.S. leaders should focus on understanding and managing competition with China on a global scale. Dec 6, 2016 The Return of a Cold War Threat The danger of blundering into a nuclear war through miscalculation or human error has returned, said former Secretary of Defense William J. Perry at RAND's Politics Aside event. No leader is seeking nuclear war, but there are new dangers that didn't exist during the Cold War that could lead to one. Nov 15, 2016 After the Cold War and nearly 70 years of waging war against communism, the United States and its key allies have adopted the war against terror as their new organizing principal. Oct 28, 2016 Could the Kashmir Standoff Trigger Nuclear War? Militants trained in Pakistan have been raiding the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir for over a quarter of a century, but the recent attack was the deadliest in years. A short-term return to peace remains uncertain and the longer term is even harder to predict. Oct 10, 2016 Strong and viable global nuclear nonproliferation norms should remain a cornerstone of U.S. security now and into the future. Friends and allies must continue to have confidence in the U.S. strategic nuclear guarantees. Oct 9, 2016 America's next president will face challenges that test the fundamentals of world order. RAND experts have outlined key decisions, the dangers involved, and the least-bad options that now often pass for good ones. Oct 7, 2016 Whoever Wins the Presidency, the Next Big International Crisis Will Come from Iran The next U.S. president is likely to meet many international crises after taking office, and Iran may be one of the most challenging. The continuing climate of repression, the next Iranian presidential election, and Khamenei's eventual demise may provide some important opportunities for him or her. Sep 29, 2016 China has been a major proponent of regional security for Northeast Asia but appears disinterested in Republic of Korea (ROK) security against North Korean missile and nuclear we


What is the title of British singer Gary Barlow’s album, released in 2012 to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II?

Sing - Gary Barlow & The Commonwealth Band featuring Military Wives - YouTube Sing - Gary Barlow & The Commonwealth Band featuring Military Wives Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on May 19, 2012 Order Stronger Together, the new album from the Military Wives out November 5th 2012: Amazon: http://bit.ly/STogether HMV: http://bit.ly/STogetherHMV Play: http://bit.ly/STogetherPlay Sainsbury's: http://bit.ly/STogetherPlay Stay up to date via the Military Wives e-list: http://bit.ly/MWelist Order Sing from: Official Site: http://www.jubileesing.com Sing - by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Gary Barlow. The video for Sing, the official song of the Diamond Jubilee. Performed by the Military Wives with Gareth Malone and musicians from across the Commonwealth including the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force Band, Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Slum Drummers from Kenya's Kibera slum, African Children's Choir and many more. Recorded at Abbey Road studios and also on location in Australia, Kenya, Jamaica and the Solomon Islands, find out the full list of performers here: http://www.jubileesing.com/performers Sing: Some words they can't be spoken only sung So hear a thousand voices shouting love There's a place, there's a time In this life when you sing what you are feeling Find your feet, stand your ground Don't you see Right now the world is listening to what we say Sing it louder, sing it clearer Knowing everyone will hear you, Make some noise, find your voice tonight Sing it stronger, sing together Make this moment last forever Old and young To sing we've had a lifetime to wait And see a thousand faces celebrate You brought hope, you brought light Conquered fear, it wasn't always easy Stood your ground, kept your faith Don't you see Right now the world is listening to what we say Sing it louder, sing it clearer Knowing everyone will hear you, Make some noise, find your voice tonight Sing it stronger, sing together Make this moment last forever Old and young Some words they can't be spoken only sung To hear a thousand voices shouting love And light and hope © copyright 2012 The Really Useful Group Ltd. & Sony / ATV Music Publishing (UK) Ltd. Download the backing track for Sing: http://bit.ly/SingInstrumental Download the sheet music for Sing: http://bit.ly/Singsheetmusic Decca Records will donate a minimum of 30p per CD sold and 40p per digital album sold to the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust, UK registered charity number 1145640. Gary Barlow's 'On Her Majesty's Service' was released on June 25th - a DVD of the documentary that follows the making of 'Sing'. Order the DVD here:


Coney Island is situated in which Borough of New York City?

Tourist Information | Coney Island USA Coney Island USA A Nonprofit Arts Organization Defending The Honor of American Popular Culture! Tourist Information About Coney Island Coney Island is a New York City neighborhood that features an amusement area that includes 50 or more separate rides and attractions; it's not a centrally managed amusement park like Disneyland or Six Flags. As a result, specific questions about rides, filming privileges, etc., should be directed to individual businesses. This website is maintained by Coney Island USA, the not for profit arts organization that runs the Mermaid Parade, the Sideshow and the Coney Island Museum, among other programs. Days and Times of Operation Coney Island is a seasonal center operating roughly between Easter and Halloween. Rides and attraction are generally open on weekends from Easter until Memorial Day, all week long from Memorial Day until Labor Day, and then weekends from Labor Day until the end of October. The beach and boardwalk are open all year round (although lifeguards are only on duty from Memorial Day to Labor Day) and Nathan's Hot Dogs and the New York Aquarium are open almost every day of the year. During the week, rides and attractions may open at noon and run until the late evening. During the weekends, the same rides and attractions open around noon and may run until the early morning. Rides and Attractions Many of the Coney Island rides and attractions don't have websites or other contact information. But if you have questions, you can call or check out the website from one of the following:       Coney Island USA- Home of the Coney Island Circus Sideshow, the Coney Island Museum, Freak Bar and more!!! Fireworks on the Beach Fireworks shoot off at 9:30pm every Friday night during the season. Fireworks generally start the last weekend in June and conclude the Friday before Labor Day. Food Coney Island is the birthplace of the hot-dog, and there is no shortage of places to eat here. Some of our favorites are: Footprints Cafe - 1521 Surf Ave. Gargiulo's - 2911 West 15th Street Steeplechase Beer Garden  - 1904 Surf Ave. at MCU Park Nathan's Famous - 1310 Surf Ave. & 1129 Boardwalk Grimaldi's Pizza - 1215 Surf Ave. How To Get to Coney Island  Coney Island is located in the southernmost part of Brooklyn. If you are using Google Maps or a gps, you can use the address 1208 Surf Avenue. By Train: Take the D, Q, N or F train to Stillwell Avenue. This takes about 45 - 60 minutes from midtown Manhattan. By Bus: B36 (Coney Island / Avenue U/Sheepshead Bay) B64 (Coney Island / Bay Ridge) B68 (Coney Island / Windsor Terrace) B74 (Sea Gate / Coney Island) B82 (Coney Island / Spring Creek) By Express Bus from Manhattan: X28, X38 By Car: Take the Belt Parkway to exit 6. Head south on Cropsey Avenue to West 17th Street. MCU Park and the Parachute Jump will be in front of you on Surf Avenue. Metered Parking is available along most streets. There are commercial parking lots on West 17th Street at MCU Park (The Official Coney Island Parking ) and West 12th Street between Mermaid and Surf, West 15th Street between the Boardwalk and Surf and on Neptune Avenue between West 12th and Stillwell Avenue. Lodging Coney Island USA lists these lodgings as a courtesy only due to their proximity; this should not be considered a recommendation. Sleep Inn 2586 Stillwell Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11223, Phone: (718) 975-6702 Fax: (718) 975-6707 Comfort Inn 3218 Emmons Ave, Brooklyn, NY, US, 11235 Phone: (718) 368-3334 Fax: (718) 368-3963 Best Western Bay Brooklyn 3003 Emmons Avenue Brooklyn, New York, 11235-2212 Phone: 718-769-5000 Fax: 718-769-5005  Weather Report Have a question we haven't answered here? Try asking our Message Boards !


In humans, edentulism is the complete loss of what?

What is edentulism or total tooth loss and what can we do to stop it - Remedy Land What is edentulism or total tooth loss and what can we do to stop it Edentulism or total tooth loss Edentulism or total tooth loss Edentulism is a medical condition where a patient has total tooth loss. Occasionally, if a patient have just a couple of genuine teeth left, it happens to be known as partial edentulism. Complete tooth loss is a preventable problem, anyway if it actually happen, people have several remedy possibilities open. The complete loss of teeth could take place slowly over many years. Among the major reasons behind tooth loss is periodontal health issue or gum condition. This frequently happens because of weak tooth hygiene. People with this particular illness occasionally do not brush and floss their teeth on a regular basis, nor do they look for frequent dental care health check. A person who keeps regularly decent oral sanitation is significantly less prone to be afflicted by partial or perhaps complete tooth loss. It could additionally reflect behaviour of the affected person or medical professionals, availability of dental care or perhaps existing societal behaviour concerning oral healthiness. Edentulism is significantly less common in high compared to low socioeconomic groups of the community. Females have frequently shown considerably higher percentage rates of edentulism and turn out to be edentulous at prior years than males. This significant difference, while complicated to clarify, might be variations in the dental surgeon and affected person connection, rather to than variations in disorder forms. The dentally uninsured are frequently demonstrated increased degrees of edentulism, that could be a consequence of restricted use of protective and regenerative dental care solutions. Risk elements for edentulism consist of socioeconomic situation, earnings, education degree and also diet. Edentulous patients are recognized as being at larger danger for cardio conditions. Preservation of lower teeth in mature adults continues to be related to bad health, contrary to better tooth preservation among individuals of the identical age who have excellent overall health. Edentulism is preventing patients from feeling satisfied concerning their visual appeal. A lot of grownups think twice to get involved in the community without teeth. Because of their missing teeth, they become ashamed to laugh and absence the self confidence to encounter persons or speak with them. Edentulism impacts speech patterns, a great deal of sounds and also we utter, rely on our front line teeth. Having dentures also impacts speech patterns, particularly if the dentures are ill-fitting. The people commonly tenses the face muscle groups to keep the dentures constantly in place or perhaps frequently makes use of the tongue to arrange it, leading to slurred speech patterns and also tapping sounds. Edentulous people are at a greater danger for cardio conditions. Edentulous people have to work on modified physical appearance, because lack of teeth transforms their face shape sunken cheeks, unsupported lip area, making the chin and also nose area look closer. There is certainly a big difference in a person’s appearance as a result of the missing teeth. Complete tooth loss accelerates face ageing, the bone decreases in dimensions and depth, jawbone starts to decrease and face appear older. One more reason behind tooth loss is physical trauma. An individual might lose several teeth in a vehicle accident or perhaps some other incident. Tooth loss may additionally happen because of some other illness, for example temporomandibular joint disorder, that is known by jaw discomfort. This problem can lead to tooth loss because of the physical pressure it areas on the teeth and also environment bone construction. All forms of diabetes, arthritis rheumatoid and hypertension may additionally predispose an individual to edentulism. People with edentulism have a couple of therapy solutions to think about. Complete dentures are an option, but there are many drawbacks


Late businessman and British politician Jan Ludvik Hoch was better known by what name?

The forgotten story of … Robert Maxwell’s 1986 Commonwealth Games | Sport | The Guardian The forgotten story of... The forgotten story of … Robert Maxwell’s 1986 Commonwealth Games Edinburgh ‘86 was crippled by boycotts and lack of funding until the media mogul stepped in to save the day … or so it seemed Robert Maxwell, right, described himself as the 'saviour' of the 1986 Commonwealth Games after becoming chairman three weeks before they started. Photograph: Monty Fresco/Associated News/REX Tuesday 22 July 2014 07.13 EDT Last modified on Monday 4 April 2016 11.00 EDT Share on Messenger Close The last time the Commonwealth Games came to Scotland, in Edinburgh in 1986, the cast list of champions was mightily impressive. Steve Ovett left the 800m and 1500m to Steve Cram, and ran instead in the 5,000m, which he duly won. Daley Thompson won the decathlon for the third time in a row, while Linford Christie was beaten in the 100m by Ben Johnson. Steve Redgrave took three rowing golds, and the first-time winners included Sally Gunnell and Liz Lynch, who would be a world champion as Liz McColgan. And then there was Lennox Lewis, whose victory in the newly introduced super-heavyweight class summed up all that was wrong with those Games. When the BBC cameras focused in on Aneurin Evans, Lewis’s opponent in the final, the most famous voice in British boxing said, “He really is out of his depth here. If I were him I’d be running for my life.” Perhaps Evans heard the remark by the great commentator Harry Carpenter, for he spent the next few minutes trying, unsuccessfully, to evade Lewis’s brutal punches. Evans’ corner threw in the towel after 23 seconds of round two. The title went to Lewis, the best boxer to have fought in the Commonwealth Games. And the young Welshman Evans became the unlikeliest silver medallist. Two days before the Games a late plea went out for more boxers: there were only two entries in the super-heavyweights, Lewis and the Englishman James Oyebola, who had beaten Evans earlier in the year. A mass boycott of the Games, led by African countries, hurt boxing more than any other sport: Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia all had strong contenders who stayed at home. Wales nominated Evans, whose luck was in. He zipped up to Scotland and drew a bye into the final. Lewis, representing Canada before his later switch to Britain, where he had spent most of his childhood, made short work of Oyebola first, then pounded Evans into submission. But for a rule change during the Games, Evans might still not have been on the podium. All three medals could not be awarded unless there was a minimum entry of five individuals in any contest – but because of the “special circumstances” of the boycott, the Commonwealth nations voted halfway through the Games to award three medals regardless of the entries. Lewis went on to world fame, Evans returned to obscurity in Caerphilly. The biggest hero for the Scottish crowds was, by some distance, Liz Lynch, who was on the dole when she won the 10,000m. It was the first time the distance was contested by women at the Commonwealth Games; it was Scotland’s only gold medal in athletics. Two of Lynch’s fellow runners had bet her £75 that she would cry at the medal ceremony. She lost. “I didn’t think I would, but the crowd were something else and Scotland the Brave sounded so wonderful. It was so overwhelming, totally unbelievable. I could never, ever relive that moment.” The undisputed champion of headline-making at Edinburgh 1986 was none of those medallists, though. It was a Jewish Czech war hero whose mother died in Auschwitz; a self-educated son of a peasant farmer who spoke 10 languages. He made a fortune from publishing, allegedly helped along by Britain’s secret service, was an MP for six years but was “not a person to be relied upon to exercise proper stewardship of a publicly quoted company” according to the Department of Trade, who investigated his dealings. He owned the world’s largest scientific and educational publishing company, Mirror Group Newspapers, two football clubs, an


Madaraka Day is celebrated in June to commemorate the attaining of self-rule of which African country in 1963?

Happy Madaraka Day Kenya A View from the Ground: State-Civil Society Relations in South Africa Interview An interview with Chumile Sali, an activist with the Social Justice Coalition (SJC), a mass member-based social movement on state-civil society relations in South Africa “Women need options when a man says no to a condom”: An interview with Kenyan HIV activist Jacque Wambui In much of Africa, HIV is no longer the medieval plague it used to be. Which is not to say the virus still doesn’t pose a significant threat to the continent’s future. HIV is a wily fiend and our hard-earned gains can be quickly eroded if complacency slips in. Thankfully, as Kenyan HIV activist Jacqueline Wambui explains to Dr. Diana Wangari in this interview, science is helping keep the virus at bay by giving women greater control in the bedroom than they've traditionally had. ‘There is no such thing as a revolution starting and ending in a couple of months’: an interview with Egyptian activist, Yara Sallam Egyptian human rights advocate, Yara Sallam, stood up to be counted when Egypt's revolution was in full tilt and paid the price for it: fifteen months in prison. The prison spell did nothing to diminish her resolve and since her release last year, the outspoken activist has shown no signs of backing down from the fight to ensure that the powers that be uphold the human rights of every Egyptian. This Is Africa's Nancy Onyango caught up with Sallam on the sidelines of the recently concluded Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID) forum in Brazil. She opened up about why some North Africans don't feel "African," her experience behind bars and why she thinks Egypt's revolution is far from over. Unfinished Struggles: An interview with Amina Doherty Amina Doherty is an African-Caribbean feminist and women’s rights advocate. Her work is centered on raising awareness for social justice through movement-building and innovative approaches to philanthropy. Her work takes many forms: art exhibitions, community programmes, cultural events and grant-making initiatives. She is committed to promoting justice and working towards social change through the intersection of art, culture and activism. Nancy Onyango caught up with her on the sidelines of the Black Feminisms Forum (BFF), held in Bahia, Brazil in September 2016 ahead of the 13th Association for Women’s Rights in Development forum. They talked about what it means to be a feminist, collective self-care and the importance of listening to each other’s struggles. Poles apart? A tale of two African strongmen Zimbabwe's governing Zanu-PF party has confirmed President Robert Mugabe as its candidate for the 2018 polls. President Mugabe who will be 94 in 2018 has showed no signs of relinquishing power and naming a successor. Conversely, reports that Angola’s President Jose Eduardo dos Santos will step down before the country’s 2017 elections have raised a few eyebrows. The reports of dos Santos’ retirement come amidst numerous cases across the continent where leaders continue to cling on to power, in some cases against the wishes of the electorate. Steve Biko’s 70th Birthday: Google pays tribute to Biko Stephen Bantu Biko the anti-apartheid activist and leader of the black consciousness movement in South Africa, is born in 1946 in Ginsberg Township, in the present-day Eastern Cape province. To remember the best-known martyr of the struggle against apartheid, Google today published a doodle, celebrating Biko’s remarkable legacy. Sweden runs out of garbage, now imports waste from neighbours Having the most efficient recycling system sounds like an absolute perfect idea, but Sweden is facing an unusual quandary, the country has run out of garbage and that’s a huge problem for the country. The idea that running out of garbage is a problem might raise a few eyebrows, and one could ask, what is wrong with not having garbage in your country? The answer is simple: waste is needed to provide energy for almost a quarter of a million homes, which are heated by waste incineration in the country. Perhaps an oppo


Who set a new land speed record in October 1983, driving Thrust 2 at the Black Rock Desert in Nevada, USA?

Land Speed Record - Black Rock Desert Nevada wiki Land Speed Record Jump to: navigation , search The Black Rock Desert has been the site of several land speed records. As of May, 2013, the world land speed record title is held by Andy Green in his 1997 run. Contents 4 October 1983, Richard Noble, Thrust2, 633.468 mph 25 September 1997, Andy Green, ThrustSSC, 714.144 mph 15 October 1997, Andy Green, ThrustSSC, 763.035 mph (Mach 1.016) Thrust2 BBC Motion Gallery - Search Results "Thrust 2" Derrel S. Fulwider, " From Resource Management to People Management: Reflections of a Federal Land Manager ," p 4, Winter-Spring 1986, The Humboldt Historian. Discussion about the May 11, 1983 public permit hearings in Gerlach and Reno. Map that shows the land speed record site. Thrust SSC Reno Gazette Journal, " Land Speed Record 10th Anniversary ," October 15, 2007. Includes photos. Steve Fossett CNN, " Search continues for aviation adventurer Steve Fossett ," September 4, 2007. Maj. Cynthia S. Ryan is quoted as stating that Fossett was looking for land speed record sites, though the Wikipedia article refutes that, though there is no citation. The Spectator, Hamilton, ON., " Supersonic woman sought; 'Right stuff' includes compact size ," January 31, 2008 Bloodhound Engineering News, South Africa, Bloodhound team pins land-speed record hopes on Northern Cape’s Hakskeen Pan ," January 28, 2011. "The current land-speed record was set in Nevada, in the US, in the Black Rock desert, so why not go back there? Tipler says that it isn’t flat enough anymore."


On a standard dartboard, which number lies opposite 1?

The Dartboard Sequence The Dartboard Sequence The arrangement of the numbers around the circumference of a standard dart board is as shown below     20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 19 7 16 8 11 14 9 12 5  Oddly enough, no one seems to know for sure how this particular arrangement was selected. It evidently dates back at least 100 years. Some say the pattern was devised by a carpenter named Brian Gamlin in 1896, while others attribute it to someone named Thomas William Buckle in 1913, but both of these attributions are relatively recent, and neither can be traced back to a contemporary source. Also, although it's clear that the numbers are ordered to mix the large and small together, and possibly to separate numerically close values as far as possible (e.g., 20 is far from 19), no one seems to know of any simple criterion that uniquely singles out this particular arrangement as the best possible in any quantitative sense.  It may be just an accident of history that this particular arrangement has been adopted as the standard dart board format.  It's interesting to consider various possible criteria for choosing a circular arrangement of the first n positive integers. In order to get as "flat" a distribution as possible, we might try to minimize the sum of the squares of each k consecutive terms. For example, setting k = 3, the standard dard board sequence gives  (20+1+18)^2 + (1+18+4)^2 + (18+4+13)^2 + ... + (5+20+1)^2 = 20478  Apparently the standard board layout described above is called the "London" dart board, and there is another, less common, version called the "Manchester" dart board, which has the sequence    20 1 16 6 17 8 12 9 14 5 19 2 15 3 18 7 11 10 13 4 for which the sum of squares of each set of three consecutive numbers is 20454, just slightly less than the London arrangement. In contrast, if we were to arrange the numbers by just inter-weaving the largest and smallest numbers like this     20 1 19 2 18 3 17 4 16 5 15 6 14 7 13 8 12 9 11 10   the resulting sum of squares of each 3 consecutive elements is 20510, so the standard dart boards are, in this sense, more flat distributions.  Needless to say, all of these arrangements are much more flat than the natural monotonic sequence     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20  which has a sum of 24350.  By the way, note that if the sum of the squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers for a given arrangement is S, then we can form another arrangement with the same sum simply by taking the "21-complement", i.e., subtracting each number from 21. For example, the complement of the standard London arrangement is    1 20 3 17 8 15 11 6 19 4 18 2 14 5 13 10 7 12 9 16 which has the same sum (20478) as the London arrangement. This works because if we begin with an arrangement a,b,c,d,... having the sum   S = (a+b+c)^2 + (b+c+d)^2 + (c+d+e)^2 + ... and replace each of the numbers a,b,c,... with 21-a, 21-b, 21-c,... respectively, the sum S' of this complementary arrangement is   S' = [(21-a)+(21-b)+(21-c)]^2 + [(21-b)+(21-c)+(21-d)]^2 + ...    = [63-(a+b+c)]^2 + [63-(b+c+d)]^2 + ...    = S + 20(63)^2 - 2(63)[(a+b+c)+(b+c+d)+...] Each of the numbers from 1 to 20 appears three times in the summation inside the square brackets in the last term, so that summation equals 630, and hence S' = S. (The same identity applies to the N+1 complement for sums of squares of every sum of k consecutive terms of a circular arrangement of the first N integers.) How would we go about finding the circular arrangement of the integers 1 to 20 that gives the smallest sum of squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers? One possible approach would be to begin with the monotonic arrangement and then check each possible transposition of two numbers to see which one gives the lowest result. Then make that change and repeat the process, at each stage always choosing the transposition that gives the steepest reduction in the sum. This "greedy algorithm" produces arrangements with the following sum


The comet Shoemaker broke apart and collided with which planet in our solar system in July 1994?

Remnants of 1994 Comet Impact Leave Puzzle at Jupiter Remnants of 1994 Comet Impact Leave Puzzle at Jupiter By Robert Roy Britt | August 23, 2004 06:06am ET MORE Six exposures from the Hubble Space Telescope were combined to create this mosaic of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on May 17, 1994. When the comet was observed, its train of 21 icy fragments stretched across 710 thousand miles (1.1 million km) of space, or 3 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. Credit: H.A. Weaver, T. E. Smith (STScI), NASA Jupiter's atmosphere still contains remnants of a comet impact from a decade ago, but scientists said last week they are puzzled by how two substances have spread into different locations. The new study also discovered two previously undetected chemicals in Jupiter's air. Grasping what chemical compounds are in and above the Jovian clouds and how they move about could help scientists understand planets outside our solar system, too, said the researchers who produced the work. From July 16 through July 22, 1994, more than 20 fragments of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with the gaseous planet, all coming in at about the same latitude, 45 degrees south. Fragments up to 1.2 miles (2 kilometers) sent plumes of hot gas into the Jovian atmosphere. Dark scars lasted for weeks. Shocks created by the impacts led to high-temperature chemical reactions that produced hydrogen cyanide, which remains in the air but has been spread around a bit in the years since. The comet also delivered carbon monoxide and water, which through an interaction with sunlight, scientists suspect, was converted to carbon dioxide. The Cassini spacecraft, now at Saturn, examined Jupiter as it swung by. The new study draws on infrared data from Cassini collected in 2000 and 2001. The hydrogen cyanide has diffused some both north and south, mixed by wave activity, explained Michael Flasar of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Jupiter's cloud bands carry material around the planet swiftly, but the bands do not mix easily. Not surprisingly, hydrogen cyanide is most abundant in a belt at the latitude where the comet was absorbed. At five degrees of latitude change in both directions, its presence drops off sharply. The highest concentration of carbon dioxide, however, has shifted away from the latitude of the impact. It is most prevalent poleward of 60 degrees south and decreases abruptly, toward the equator, north of 50 degrees south. Another smaller spike in its presence occurs at high northern latitudes, around 70 to 90 degrees north. Perhaps the two chemicals got distributed at different altitudes, and are being moved around by different currents, Flasar told SPACE.com. Or maybe the formation of the carbon dioxide was more complex than thought. He said it might have involved carbon monoxide first moving away from the impact area and then interacting with other substances at higher latitudes before being converted to carbon dioxide. "At high latitudes, precipitation of energetic oxygen ions probably occurs, associated with Jupiter's magnetically induced lights, known as aurora," Flasar explained. "These energetic ions could react with Jupiter's atmosphere to produce hydroxyl, which can oxidize carbon monoxide to produce carbon dioxide." If all that sounds complicated, you're not alone in wondering what's going on. "We're scratching our heads, and we need to work through these, and perhaps other, scenarios," said Flasar, who is principal investigator for Cassini's Composite Infrared Spectrometer. The study, led by Virgil G. Kunde of the University of Maryland, was published Thursday in the online version of the journal Science. The work also uncovered two new compounds, diacetylene and a so-called methyl radical, which are products of the breakup of methane by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. These were expected but had not been observed at Jupiter before. So far as astronomers know, the more than 100 giant planets found outside our solar system might be something like Jupiter. Only one has had its atmosphere probed. Better knowledge of the substances in


The Sucre was the currency of which South American country between 1884 and 2000?

Ecuador Ecuador About Ecuador ECUADORIAN COINS The sucre was the currency of Ecuador between 1884 and 2000.  In the year 2000 Ecuadorian centavo coins were introduced when Ecuador converted its currency from the sucre to the U.S. dollar.  Denominations of these coins were 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos and are the same in size and value to the US cent.  They circulate within Ecuador alongside coins and banknotes from the U.S.A.


How many players in each team enter the field at the beginning of a game of the South Asian tag sport Kho Kho?

Kho kho Kho kho Boys in a Government School in Haryana , India playing kho-kho Characteristics Team members 12 players per side. 9 in the field and 3 extra Kho kho ( Punjabi : ਖੋ-ਖੋ) is a tag sport from the Indian subcontinent . It is played by teams of twelve players, of which nine enter the field, who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team. [1] It is one of the two most popular traditional tag games of the South Asia , the other being kabbadi . [2] Apart from South Asia, it is also played in South Africa . [3] Contents 5 External links History In 1987, The Asian Kho Kho Federation was established during the 3rd SAF Games in Kolkata, India. Member countries included India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Maldives. The 1st Asian Championship was held at Kolkata in 1996 and the second championship at Dhaka in Bangladesh. India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Japan, Thailand and Bangladesh were participants of this championship. Rules, field dimensions and equipment used Each team consists of 12 players, but only 9 players take the field. A match consists of two innings with each inning consisting of chasing and running turns of 9 minutes each. One team sits/kneels in the middle of the court, in a row, with adjacent members facing opposite directions. The runners play in the field, 3 at a time and the team that takes the shortest time to tag/tap all the opponents in the field, wins. There is a pole on each end and the runner can go between two players who are sitting in zig zag manner, but the chaser is not allowed to turn back while running and go between the players. But chaser can go to pole and touch it and can go back or go to other side. Schematic representation of a kho-kho pitch A kho kho playground (or pitch) is rectangular. [4] It is 30 metres in length and 19 metres in width. There are two rectangles at the end. Length of the rectangle is 16 metres and the width is 2.75 metres. In the middle of these two rectangles, there are two wooden poles. The central lane is 23.50 metres long and 30 cm wide. There are eight cross lanes which lie across central lane, length of the cross lanes, are 16  metres and width 30  cm. It makes the small rectangles and each of it is 16  metres in length and 2.3 metres in breadth,(the two rectangles of near by the wooden poles are 2.5   metres width) at right angles to the central lane and divided equally into two parts of 7.85 metres each by central lane. At the end of central lane, the free zone tangent to the post-line, two smooth wooden posts are fixed, 120 cm height from the ground and their circumference is not less than 30 cm and not more than 40 cm The equipment used in kho kho are poles/post, strings, metallic measuring tape, lime powder, wire nails, two watches, types of rings having inner circumference of 30 cm and 40 cm, score shots (like a whistle, for instance), and stationery to write results. [5] References


The Hopman Cup is competed for in which sport?

Federer to play in Hopman Cup after 15 years Federer to play in Hopman Cup after 15 years Federer to play in Hopman Cup after 15 years Source : Print Melbourne: World No.3 Roger Federer, will return to the Australian city of Perth to play in the 2017 Hopman Cup tennis tournament for the first time in 15 years, it was announced on Thursday. The 34-year-old Swiss tennis legend, who last competed at the Perth tournament in 2002 with wife Mirka, said the Hopman Cup would be the "perfect" way to start off his 2017 season, and lead into the Australian Open which begins on January 16, reports Xinhua. "I do remember it was a good preparation ... so I thought it would be nice to do it again. I'm very happy it's happening ... and I can't wait to come back because I think it will be the perfect tournament for me to start the season with," Federer said in a video released by Hopman Cup organizers on Thursday. The Hopman Cup is an Australian tournament that takes place in January where mixed-gender teams - one male player and one female - compete on a country-by-country basis. Federer won the Perth competition in 2001 as a 19-year-old with fellow Swiss and champion women's player, Martina Hingis. Now a 17-time Grand Slam winner, Federer said he was inspired to return to the tournament after watching it on television before the Australian Open earlier this year. "I was watching on the television the Hopman Cup when Nick (Kyrgios) was playing and (Andy) Murray was playing and I just thought it would be cool to be a part of that," he said. "On TV it looked great, the atmosphere was really nice and the stadium looked fantastic so I look forward to playing in that environment." Perth's acting Premier and Tourism Minister, Liza Harvey, said it was great news for the state. "We are thrilled that Roger Federer has chosen to start his 2017 season here in Perth," Harvey said at the launch of the Hopman Cup on Thursday. "The Hopman Cup has welcomed some of the biggest names in tennis over its 28-year history, and the 2017 line-up is off to a terrific start with one of the greatest players of all time." Federer will partner world No.16 and 19-year-old, Belinda Bencic. The Hopman Cup is played from January 1-7. --IANS


Who plays Auntie Angela in the UK television comedy series ‘Outnumbered’?

Outnumbered characters - British Comedy Guide Pete AKA: Pete Brockman.  Played by: Hugh Dennis Pete tries his hardest to organise his family but often finds himself over-run by his children. He's a bit confused and life seems to have taken Pete, rather than it being him who dictates the direction in which his life goes. Pete taught history in an inner-city school, where a typical school holiday sees five arrested, two become pregnant and one pupil shot. After resigning in protest, he's now a supply teacher. Pete is clearly frustrated by the lack of interest pupils show in learning about history, but is becoming more resigned to it just being a job. Pete's natural wit and his inability to keep jokes to himself has got him in trouble on more than one occasion. Following an ill-judged quip involving obesity and Ramadan, Pete found his job in jeopardy. Sue AKA: Sue Brockman.  Played by: Claire Skinner Hard-working and beleaguered mum Sue does her best to cope with the three young kids but almost always finds the odds are stacked against her. When not trying to organise her three offspring, Sue (in the earlier series) can be found trying to deal with her very demanding boss. It seems that Veronica always phones or emails at the least suitable time but, for some reason, even when it is supposed to be her 'day off', Sue is too polite to tell her to go away... well, until near the end of series one, as which point she snaps. Sue clearly has issues with her sister Angela. Whenever given a chance, she will find a reason to have a snide dig at her hippy sister - much to the annoyance of Pete who has clearly heard it all a hundred times before. Jake AKA: Jake Brockman.  Played by: Tyger Drew-Honey Jake is wise beyond his years - he seems to know about everything. The trouble with having so much knowledge is that Jake frequently manages to bring a halt to a conversation by recalling a scare-mongering story from the newspaper. Whether it be contracting bird flu, or the odds of a particle physics laboratory creating a black hole which will destroy the world, Jake manages to bring the mood down. Jake is almost always seen plugged into a laptop or iPod - the gadgets acting as a good distraction from his bickering family. In the latest series Jake has become a fully-formed moody teenager - fed up with his parents, the restrictions they place on his social life, and their interest in what he's getting up to. Ben AKA: Ben Brockman.  Played by: Daniel Roche Ben has developed an extraordinary talent for lying - a character trait that his parents are clearly worried about. They actually have good reason to be concerned about his fibbing as it is causing them a few headaches. For example, at a school football match the other parents started asking Pete about his friendship with Gordon Brown, his SAS training, and complementing him on how he is so bravely fighting cancer... none of which is true! Ben is a very stubborn child - he often refuses to do what his parents tell him - this seems to be a tactic that works quite well, as Pete and Sue either give up on whatever it was they were trying to get him to do, or bribe him to comply. Karen AKA: Karen Brockman.  Played by: Ramona Marquez Karen is Pete and Sue's regal daughter. She has a talent for interrogation, often asks adults the most bizarre off-the-wall questions which completely throw them off balance ("Are shadows made of atoms?"). Some of Karen's innocent questions are actually rather probing and, if answered correctly, would be rather embarrassing for the adults involved. Karen is of an age where she has an interest in everything... including nits. At one point she wanted to keep one as a pet! Karen doesn't yet subscribe to the 'being polite' social skills that adults must endure - and thus she doesn't hide the fact she doesn't really like Auntie Angela, much to the embarrassment of her parents. Auntie Angela AKA: Angela Morrison.  Played by: Samantha Bond Sue's sister Angela is very 'new age' - she is into spiritual guides, dream catchers, feng shui etc. Having spent a long time in Ameri


Pouhon, Kemmel Straight and Blanchimont are all sections of the Formula One Grand Prix circuit in which country?

Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps | The Formula 1 Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit The view down to Eau Rouge at the start of the 1955 race. The original Spa-Francorchamps circuits was mapped out by Jules de Thier in 1924, measuring 9.31 miles and was a triangular shaped road circuit which took cars between the towns on Spa, Malmendy and Stavelot through the Belgian forests. It was first used for GP in 1925 and hosted races in this guise until 1939. The circuit was extremely fast, with the roads making their way through trees, past houses and barns, and featuring corners like Eau Rouge, Radillon, Blanchimont, Les Combes and the Masta Kink. The track has gone through six different incarnations, the most notably were when the track became the modern circuit used today in 1981, and then 2000 when the track became a permanent circuit and no longer made up in part of public roads. The track was made yet faster in 1947, and was loved by spectators, but was a very dangerous circuit, according to British racer Jackie Oliver and winner of the Le Mans 24 Hour , "If you went off you didn't know what you were going to hit." One such example was in the 1966 race, Jackie Stewart crashed his BRM at the Masta Kink and ended upside down in a barn, trapped in his car with fuel gushing all over him. Graham Hill stopped his car and removed the steering wheel so that Jackie could escape. He then undressed Jackie as the fuel was burning his skin, and they were found in the barn by a couple of nuns. Jackie was luckier than others, Spa-Francorchamps had claimed the life of 10 Formula 1 drivers over the 1960s. In 1969, the race was boycotted by the drivers due to the dangers, and they lobbied, led by Stewart, that ARMCO should be added to the circuit. The race was held again in 1970, but as the circuit had not been brought up to the safety standards expected by 1971, the Belgian Grand Prix was moved to Nivelles and Zolder until the 1980s. The track was still used for major competition, however, and during the annual Spa 24 Hours, in 1972, a particularly gruesome event happened. During a routine driver change at night, Hans-Joachim Stuck told his teammate Jochen Mass to be careful at the Masta Kink and look out for the body parts. Mass arrived at the kink expecting to find bits of car everywhere, but was horrified to find the body of a marshal on track. Senna stops to help Comas . Jim Clark was very successful at the Belgium circuit, but hated the place. Another former World Champion, Denny Hulme , said of the circuit: "I went back there recently and it was unreal, unbelievable that we ever raced there. I couldn't believe that bit of banking at Stavelot. Sure it was nice to drive, really high speed; but dangerous, so dangerous. I had a big one at Spa one year in the wet. It was raining and I was puttering back to the pits. I knew the leaders were coming so I just parked the car, got out and waved them by .... I wasn't going to be going slowly on the track with all those lunatics going by in the spray." When the track was redesigned and shortened in 1979 to a more modern 4.33 mile circuit, the Masta Kink was dropped, and a new feature was the Bus Stop Chicane. Formula 1 returned in 1983, missed 1984, and has been the permanent home of the Belgian Grand Prix since 1985, but the track was still fast, dangerous and full of character. Upon its opening, Keke Rosberg said, "It is the perfect track!" Grosjean gets it a bit wrong. The incredibly fast Eau Rouge and Radillon sections remained a feature of the circuit, and would claim the life of the then reigning World Sports Car champion Stefan Bellof when his Porsche 962C left the circuit here. Other notable incidents at the new track include Ayrton Senna parking his car on the Kemmel straight to help the crashed Érik Comas out of his car in 1992 , the huge first lap pile-up in 1998 , followed by a huge crash between the slowing David Coulthard and the charging Michael Schumacher which resulted in a pit lane confrontation in the McLaren garage after the restart of the same race, the amazing overtaking move


English monarch King Henry VIII was given which Palace when ‘owner’ Cardinal Thomas Wolsey fell out of favour with the king?

Henry VIII, King of England - Henry VIII, King of England Biography - Poem Hunter Henry VIII, King of England - Henry VIII, King of England Biography - Poem Hunter Biography Biography of Henry VIII, King of England Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII. Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Yet he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Catholic Church. Henry oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. Henry was considered an attractive, educated and accomplished king in his prime and has a reputation as "one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne". Besides ruling with absolute power, he also engaged himself as an author and composer. His desire to provide England with a male heir—which stemmed partly from personal vanity and partly because he believed a daughter would be unable to consolidate the Tudor Dynasty and the fragile peace that existed following the Wars of the Roses—led to the two things for which Henry is remembered: his six marriages, and the English Reformation, making England a mostly Protestant nation. In later life he became morbidly obese and his health suffered; his public image is frequently depicted as one of a lustful, egotistical, harsh, and insecure king. Early years: 1491–1509 Born at Greenwich Palace, Henry VIII was the third child of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Of the young Henry's six siblings, only three — Arthur, Prince of Wales; Margaret; and Mary — survived infancy. In 1493, at the age of two, Henry was appointed Constable of Dover Castle and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. In 1494, he was made Duke of York. He was subsequently appointed Earl Marshal of England and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Henry was given a first-rate education from leading tutors, becoming fluent in Latin, French, and Spanish. As it was expected that the throne would pass to Prince Arthur, Henry's older brother, Henry was prepared for a clerical career. Elizabeth of York, his mother, died when Henry was aged 11. Death of Prince Arthur In 1502, Arthur died at the age of 15, after only 20 weeks of marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Arthur's death thrust all his duties upon his younger brother, the 10-year-old Henry, who then became Prince of Wales. Henry VII renewed his efforts to seal a marital alliance between England and Spain, by offering his second son in marriage to Prince Arthur's widow, Catherine of Aragon, youngest surviving child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. For the new Prince of Wales to marry his brother's widow, a dispensation from the Pope was normally required to overrule the impediment of affinity because, as told in the Book of Leviticus, "If a brother is to marry the wife of a brother they will remain childless." Catherine swore that her marriage to Prince Arthur had not been consummated. Still, both the English and Spanish parties agreed that an additional papal dispensation of affinity would be prudent to remove all doubt regarding the legitimacy of the marriage. The impatience of Catherine's mother, Queen Isabella I, induced Pope Julius II to grant dispensation in the form of a Papal bull. So, 14 months after her young husband's death, Catherine was betrothed to his even younger brother, Henry. Yet by 1505, Henry VII lost interest in a Spanish alliance and the younger Henry declared that his betrothal had been arranged without his consent. Continued diplomatic manoeuvring over the fate of the proposed marria


Which UK television presenter made his first tv appearance in an advertisement for Sure deodorant, featuring his ascent of Mount Everest?

Bear Grylls (Explorer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Bear Grylls Television Presenter and Motivational Speaker. Male Born Jun 7, 1974 Edward Michael "Bear" Grylls is an English adventurer, writer and television presenter. He is best known for his television series Man vs. Wild, known as Born Survivor in the United Kingdom. In July 2009, Grylls was appointed the youngest ever Chief Scout at the age of 35.…  Read More related links Emilia Clarke Is Having The Worst Time Filming 'game Of Thrones' Season 7 Huffington Post - Oct 07, 2016 ' \n  \n  \n  \n  \n   \n Where are my waterproof dragons?Â  \n Filming for the seventh and penultimate season of âGame of Thronesâ commenced earlier this year in Northern Ireland, but as winter (real winter not âGame of Thronesâ winter) draws closer the conditions have become increasingly adverse.Â  \n Series star Emilia Clarke might be able to handle Drogon, the Dothraki and the deaths of most of her co-starsâ characters, but in two Instagram photos shared this week, it looks like ... There's A Super Fabulous Pod Hotel In Antarctica, And We Really Want To Go Huffington Post - Sep 12, 2016 ' \n Somewhere in a snowbank far, far away, thereâs a colony of pod-like housing structures where the worldâs wealthiest travelers go to get away from it all. \n This is White Desert, Antarcticaâs best â and only â luxury resort. The self-proclaimed âmost remote hotel on this planetâ is just a short trek from the South Pole and has played host to all kinds of celebrity visitors (Prince Harry! Bear Grylls!) in its 10 years of operation.Â Step off your private flight from Cape Town... Altitude Adjustment: Bear Grylls Tests Land Roverâs Intelligent Seat Tech While Skydiving Yahoo News - Sep 07, 2016 ' Land Rover will debut a new Discovery at the 2016 Paris Motor Show, and it recently showcased the vehicleâs seating layout in a bizarre way. The brand threw Bear Grylls out of a plane and asked him to adjust the seats remotely in free-fall. ' Why Lindsey Vonn Says Relationship With Tiger Woods 'didn't Work' Huffington Post - Sep 06, 2016 ' \n Maintaining a relationship is hard when youâre a pro athlete with a busy schedule.Â Itâs even harder when the same is true for your boyfriend. Just ask Lindsey Vonn.Â  \n On Monday nightâs episode of âRunning Wild with Bear Grylls,â the champion skier gave some insightÂ into why her three-year relationship with Tiger Woods came to an end in May 2015.Â  \n âI loved him so much and I still do, and it just didnât work, you know,â she said.Â âIt was too much with his competition sc... Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Bear Grylls. CHILDHOOD 1974 Birth Born on June 7, 1974. TWENTIES 1995 21 Years Old There is some dispute over whether he was the youngest Briton to have done so, as he was preceded by James Allen, a climber holding dual Australian and British citizenship, who reached the summit in 1995 at age 22. … Read More The record has since been surpassed by Jake Meyer and then Rob Gauntlett who summitted at age 19. Read Less 1997 23 Years Old To prepare for climbing at such high altitudes in the Himalayas, in 1997, Grylls became the youngest Briton to climb Ama Dablam, a peak once described by Sir Edmund Hillary as "unclimbable". They have three sons. Read Less In 2000 Grylls led the team to circumnavigate the British Isles on jet skis, taking about 30 days, to raise money for the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). … Read More He also rowed naked in a homemade bathtub along the Thames to raise funds for a friend who lost his legs in a climbing accident.

 Three years later, he led a team of five, including his childhood friend, SAS colleague, and Mount Everest climbing partner Mick Crosthwaite, on an unassisted crossing of the north Atlantic Ocean, in an open rigid inflatable boat. Grylls and his team travelled in an eleven-metre-long boat and encountered force 8 gale winds with waves breaking over the boat while passing through icebergs


Which British fashion designer once said ‘A woman is as young as her knees’?

"A Mini Marvel; It Is Some 50 Years since Mary Quant Took the World by Storm with Her Short Skirt. Marion McMullen Finds out the Lengths Women Went to in the Name of Fashion" - The Journal (Newcastle, England), May 24, 2014 | Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt BRITISH fashion designer Mary Quant used to say: "A woman is as young as her knees." And she made sure knees were on show back in 1964 with the launch of the mini skirt. She named her best-selling fashion must after her favourite make of car and is widely credited with popularising the mini skirt. Quant, now 80, said she "couldn't have imagined" 50 years ago that the skirt would become a staple of women's clothing but said: "It seemed then to be obvious and so right." 1960s models like Twiggy and Jean "The Shrimp" Shrimpton championed the new look and girls were quick to follow the latest fashion trend. Mary Quant said she first designed the mini skirt with herself in mind. "I liked my skirts short because I wanted to run and catch the bus to get to work. It was that feeling of freedom and liberation." Mary Quant skirt after her " She began experimenting with shorter hemlines in the late 1950s, culminating in the creation of the mini skirt in 1964 and one of the defining fashions of the decade. "It was the girls on (London's) King's Road who invented the mini," said Mary. "I was making clothes which would let you run and dance, and we would make them the length the customer wanted. "I wore them very short and the customers would say, 'shorter, shorter'." Jenny Lister, a curator at the Victoria and Albert Museum specialising in 19th century fashion, said the mini skirt marked a turning point. "It was very symbolic of the rejection of formality and the pushing back of boundaries. "Fashion then was very much led by older, wealthier women. It was the more mature look - tailoring and twin sets. "But with the mini skirt you can see the switch to young women leading fashion." She added: "Young people who couldn't afford Mary Quant were rolling over the bands of their skirts to make them shorter. There was an element of rebellion about it." The popularity of the mini skirt quickly spread around the country while and women paraded in the streets of London in 1966 in support of their new favourite fashion item. "Fashion is not frivolous. It is a part of being alive today," said Quant. … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details


What was the name of the last battleship built for the British Royal Navy, which ran aground in Portsmouth Harbour?

A History of Firsts: Portsmouth Historic Dockyard Ancient Britain ï¿½ Castles ï¿½ Churches/Cathedrals ï¿½ Houses/Manors ï¿½ Museums ï¿½ Towns ï¿½ Countryside ï¿½ London ï¿½ History & Folklore ï¿½ Travel Tips Test daily news A History of Firsts: Portsmouth Historic Dockyard by Richard Crowhurst Portsmouth is still home to the Royal Navy 810 years after the first dock was built on the orders of King Richard I. The year 2005 marks the 200th anniversary of Lord Nelson's famous, and fatal, victory at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805. From its defensive location on the Solent Portsmouth will be the focal point for the celebrations, and will play host to the International Festival of the Sea from 30 June to 3 July, making this the ideal year to visit this historic site. Whether your interest is in naval or military history, architecture, industrial and social history, or if you just want a way to keep the kids occupied, Portsmouth Historic Dockyard is an ideal destination. It contains many separate attractions and allows you to explore three examples of the most cutting-edge and proficient warships of their period. A Brief History In 1212 King John ordered a wall around the dockyard, and the site's importance to the Navy was confirmed. In 1495 King Henry VII built the world's first dry dock (the location, but not the original dock, is now home to HMS Victory). The culverts and tunnels that still channel water beneath the dockyard have their origins from this time. Henry VIII granted the official status of Naval Dockyard in 1540, by which time his famous flagship the Mary Rose had already been constructed by the yard. Portsmouth Dockyard has seen more 'firsts' and records than any other shipyard in its long history. Some of these include: 1495 -- World's first dry dock constructed by Henry VII. 1509 -- Laid down the Mary Rose, the first ship to have gun ports on her side. 1802 -- World's first cisson, or floating dam, installed at the entrance to the Great Ship Basin. 1850 -- The largest industrial site in the world. 1876 -- HMS Inflexible launched. At the time the world's largest battleship, and the first to be fitted throughout with electric lighting. Also the first to be launched by electricity. 1906 -- HMS Dreadnought constructed in a year. She was the first turbine driven warship. 1913 -- HMS Queen Elizabeth built. The first oil-fired battleship. As the First World War approached, Portsmouth Royal Dockyard was producing almost a warship a year. The last of these before the war was the Royal Sovereign. Unsurprisingly, the city of Portsmouth and the dockyard were major bombing targets during the Second World War. Over 65,000 homes in the city were hit and the dockyard suffered major losses. For the first time in the dockyard's history, large 'capital ships' could not based at Portsmouth as it was simply too dangerous. However, the dockyard serviced and repaired thousands of ships and smaller vessels in dry dock and afloat during the war and played a major role in Operation Overlord -- the D-Day landings. The last warship built (in only 364 days) at the dockyard was HMS Andromeda in 1967. Already an era was passing: in 1960 HMS Vanguard, the last of the Royal Navy's battleships, ran aground in old Portsmouth while being towed to the scrap yard. Today Her Majesty's Naval Base and HMS Nelson (Naval Barracks) is still the major employer in the area and the base for over 35 of Her Majesty's ships, including three Aircraft carriers. Much of the historic heart of the old dockyard is now open to the public. Admission to the historic dockyard is free, including the restaurants and shops. Combined or individual tickets for the various attractions are available at the visitor centre or in advance. Visits can be split over a couple of days, giving you plenty of time to see everything and soak up the atmosphere. Remnants of Naval activity can also be found at nearby Gunwharf Quays and across Portsmouth harbour in Gosport. The Mary Rose The Mary Rose was the flagship of Henry VIII's navy, and the first ship to be used as such in


The destruction of the city of Sodom features in which book of the Bible?

Genesis 19 NIV - Sodom and Gomorrah Destroyed - The two - Bible Gateway Genesis 19New International Version (NIV) Sodom and Gomorrah Destroyed 19 The two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When he saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. 2 “My lords,” he said, “please turn aside to your servant’s house. You can wash your feet and spend the night and then go on your way early in the morning.” “No,” they answered, “we will spend the night in the square.” 3 But he insisted so strongly that they did go with him and entered his house. He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate. 4 Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house. 5 They called to Lot, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them.” 6 Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him 7 and said, “No, my friends. Don’t do this wicked thing. 8 Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. But don’t do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof.” 9 “Get out of our way,” they replied. “This fellow came here as a foreigner, and now he wants to play the judge! We’ll treat you worse than them.” They kept bringing pressure on Lot and moved forward to break down the door. 10 But the men inside reached out and pulled Lot back into the house and shut the door. 11 Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness so that they could not find the door. 12 The two men said to Lot, “Do you have anyone else here—sons-in-law, sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? Get them out of here, 13 because we are going to destroy this place. The outcry to the Lord against its people is so great that he has sent us to destroy it.” 14 So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry[ a ] his daughters. He said, “Hurry and get out of this place, because the Lord is about to destroy the city!” But his sons-in-law thought he was joking. 15 With the coming of dawn, the angels urged Lot, saying, “Hurry! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away when the city is punished.” 16 When he hesitated, the men grasped his hand and the hands of his wife and of his two daughters and led them safely out of the city, for the Lord was merciful to them. 17 As soon as they had brought them out, one of them said, “Flee for your lives! Don’t look back, and don’t stop anywhere in the plain! Flee to the mountains or you will be swept away!” 18 But Lot said to them, “No, my lords,[ b ] please! 19 Your[ c ] servant has found favor in your[ d ] eyes, and you[ e ] have shown great kindness to me in sparing my life. But I can’t flee to the mountains; this disaster will overtake me, and I’ll die. 20 Look, here is a town near enough to run to, and it is small. Let me flee to it—it is very small, isn’t it? Then my life will be spared.” 21 He said to him, “Very well, I will grant this request too; I will not overthrow the town you speak of. 22 But flee there quickly, because I cannot do anything until you reach it.” (That is why the town was called Zoar.[ f ]) 23 By the time Lot reached Zoar, the sun had risen over the land. 24 Then the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the Lord out of the heavens. 25 Thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, destroying all those living in the cities—and also the vegetation in the land. 26 But Lot’s wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt. 27 Early the next morning Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the Lord. 28 He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah, toward all the land of the plain, and he saw dense smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace. 29 So when God destroyed the cities of the plain, he remembered Abraham, and he