What former monetary unit was equal to a quarter of an old penny?

farthing - definition of farthing in English | Oxford Dictionaries Definition of farthing in English: farthing noun 1A former monetary unit and coin of the UK, withdrawn in 1961, equal to a quarter of an old penny. Example sentences ‘Back in 1698, the mill was used to forge copper blacks for the Royal Mint to strike farthings and halfpennies.’ ‘However, there were also crowns, farthings, guineas and sovereigns, all in varying amounts and none really compatible with any of the others.’ ‘The verdict went in favour of the companies, though with derisory damages of one farthing.’ ‘Nestled inside, laying on a cushion of cloth, lay a medallion about the size of a farthing.’ ‘Whistler won, but was bankrupted after the judge awarded him only one farthing's damages and told him to pay the costs of the trial.’ ‘Pennies were cut in half and quartered into farthings, but were never to become numerous enough or of low enough value to function as ‘small change’ during this period.’ ‘There were farthings, pennies, oxfords, crowns, florins, shillings, guineas, and pounds, among other divisions.’ ‘We didn't save the groat, the guinea or the farthing, and thrive without them.’ ‘During that period, he said, there was a national shortage of small-denomination half penny and farthing coins - so many local towns and even tradesmen took to minting their own tokens.’ ‘By next February, the punt and the penny will be going the way of the farthing and half crown, becoming curios and museum pieces.’ ‘The half-penny and farthing would gradually be replaced by a half-cent and quarter-cent.’ ‘Edward I carried out a grand recoinage in 1279-80, minting new coins, silver halfpennies and farthings, to remove the need to cut, and a fourpence groat, which was not at first successful.’ ‘The silver farthing was worth a quarter of a penny.’ ‘Renovation work at the Blenheim Road school has also unearthed an old shilling and a farthing hidden behind the children's coat pegs.’ ‘The Farthing Office was a part of the Mint and Charles II had introduced, in 1672, the copper half-penny and farthing with the Britannia type.’ ‘Well what do I get for my six pence and three farthings?’ ‘Prior to decimalization, the pound was divided into twenty shillings, each shilling into twelve pennies and each penny into four farthings.’ ‘He showed examples of some of the first minted Thai coins, which were actually modelled on the English farthing.’ ‘The penny piece is now worth less in real terms than either the farthing or the decimal halfpenny when they were withdrawn from circulation.’ ‘In the time of Samuel Pepys one farthing was worth roughly the same as a 10p coin would be today (you can compare monetary values since 1264 here).’ 1.1[usually with negative] The least possible amount: ‘she didn't care a farthing for the woman’ More example sentences ‘Anybody who slogs through the first five pages of it knows perfectly well the book cares not a farthing for ideas; it's entertainment.’ ‘Ivy Island was an inaccessible piece of barren land, not worth a farthing.’ ‘You don't give a farthing for any of the characters, and so the work, whatever its commercial value, is artistically nil.’ ‘The funny thing is that the cable TV company has never realized that the boxing public won't pay a farthing to see Jones do anything.’ ‘They don't care a farthing about other peoples' feelings.’ ‘But they did not care a farthing about defeat, to which they became accustomed.’ ‘Izumi was standing in the middle of vast darkness, so dark that not even a farthing of dust or any particle could be seen.’ ‘Have they, then, expended a single farthing on the improvement of that river?’ Origin Old English fēorthing, from fēortha ‘fourth’, perhaps on the pattern of Old Norse fjórthungr quarter. Pronunciation: Which of the following is a type of monkey or ape? cappuccino Which of the following is a type of monkey or ape? Diana monkey Which of the following is a type of monkey or ape? mandrill Which of the following is a type of monkey or ape? propolis monkey Which of the following is a type of monkey or ape? mar


What is the name of the pig in Animal Farm?

Animal Farm Characters | GradeSaver Buy Study Guide Benjamin The donkey. He is the oldest animal on the farm and stereotypically stubborn and crotchety. He is also intelligent, being the only animal (aside from the pigs) that can read fluently. He never laughs, preferring to make cynical comments, especially the cryptic line, “donkeys live a long time.” Despite Benjamin’s unfriendly nature, he has a special affinity for Boxer. The Rebellion does not change Benjamin’s personality, although he eventually helps the animals read the lettering on the side of the van and the maxim that replaces the Seven Commandments. Benjamin represents the human (and also stereotypically Russian) tendency towards apathy; he holds fast to the idea that life is inherently hard and that efforts for change are futile. Benjamin bears a similarity to Orwell himself. Over the course of his career, Orwell became politically pessimistic and predicted the overtake of the West by totalitarian governments. Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher The dogs. When Bluebell and Jessie give birth to puppies, Napoleon confiscates them and secludes them in a loft, where he transforms them into fierce, elitist guard dogs. Boxer The male of the two horses on the farm. He is “an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work” (26). Boxer has a special affinity for Benjamin. With his determination to be a good public servant and his penchant for hard work, Boxer becomes Napoleon’s greatest supporter. He works tirelessly for the cause of Animal Farm, operating under his personal maxims, “I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right.” The only time Boxer doubts propaganda is when Squealer tries to rewrite the story of Snowball’s valor at the Battle of the Cowshed, a “treachery” for which he is nearly executed. But Boxer recants his doubts when he learns that the altered story of the battle is directly from Napoleon. After Boxer is injured while defending the farm in the Battle of the Windmill, Napoleon sends him to be slaughtered for profit. The pigs use the money from the slaughter to buy themselves a case of whisky. Boxer is not pugnacious despite his name, but he is as strong as his name implies. In this way, Boxer is a painfully ironic character. He is strong enough to kill another animal, even a human, with a single blow from his hoof, and the dogs cannot manage to overpower him in Chapter VII. Still, Boxer lacks the intelligence and the nerve to sense that he is being used. Boxer represents the peasant or working class, a faction of humanity with a great combined strength--enough to overthrow a manipulative government--but which is uneducated enough to take propaganda to heart and believe unconditionally in the government’s cause. the Cat The only cat on Manor Farm. She is lazy and indifferent, but she does participate in the Battle of the Cowshed. Clover The female of the two horses on the farm. She is “a stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal.” Clover is Boxer’s faithful companion as well as a motherly figure to the other animals. Like Boxer, Clover is not intelligent enough to read, so she enlists Muriel to read the altered Seven Commandments to her. She sees the incongruities in the government’s policies and actions, but she is not smart or defiant enough to fight for the restoration of justice. Clover represents those people who remember a time before the Revolution and therefore half-realize that the government is lying about its success and adherence to its principles, but are helpless to change anything. the Dogs Nine puppies, which Napoleon confiscates and secludes in a loft. Napoleon rears them into fierce, elitist dogs that act as his security guards. The dogs are the only animals other than the pigs that are given special priv


David Bowie - Biography - IMDb David Bowie Biography Showing all 147 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (10) | Trivia  (62) | Personal Quotes  (67) Overview (5) 5' 10" (1.78 m) Mini Bio (1) David Bowie is widely regarded as one of the most influential writers of pop music. Born David Jones, he changed his name to Bowie in the 1960s, to avoid confusion with the then well-known Davy Jones (lead singer of The Monkees ). The 1960s were not a happy period for Bowie, who remained a struggling artist, awaiting his breakthrough. He dabbled in many different styles of music (without commercial success), and other art forms such as acting, mime, painting, and playwriting. He finally achieved his commercial breakthrough in 1969 with the song "Space Oddity," which was released at the time of the moon landing. Despite the fact that the literal meaning of the lyrics relates to an astronaut who is lost in space, this song was used by the BBC in their coverage of the moon landing, and this helped it become such a success. The album, which followed "Space Oddity," and the two, which followed (one of which included the song "The Man Who Sold The World," covered by Lulu and Nirvana ) failed to produce another hit single, and Bowie's career appeared to be in decline. However, he made the first of many successful "comebacks" in 1972 with "Ziggy Stardust," a concept album about a space-age rock star. This album was followed by others in a similar vein, rock albums built around a central character and concerned with futuristic themes of Armageddon, gender dysfunction/confusion, as well as more contemporary themes such as the destructiveness of success and fame, and the dangers inherent in star worship. In the mid 1970s, Bowie was a heavy cocaine abuser and sometime heroin user. In 1975, he changed tack. Musically, he released "Young Americans," a soul (or plastic soul as he later referred to it) album. This produced his first number one hit in the US, "Fame." He also appeared in his first major film, The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976). With his different-colored eyes and skeletal frame, he certainly looked the part of an alien. The following year, he released "Station to Station," containing some of the material he had written for the soundtrack to this film (which was not used). As his drug problem heightened, his behavior became more erratic. Reports of his insanity started to appear, and he continued to waste away physically. He fled back to Europe, finally settling in Berlin, where he changed musical direction again and recorded three of the most influential albums of all time, an electronic trilogy with Brian Eno "Low, Heroes and Lodger." Towards the end of the 1970s, he finally kicked his drug habit, and recorded the album many of his fans consider his best, the Japanese-influenced "Scary Monsters." Around this time, he played the Elephant Man on Broadway, to considerable acclaim. The next few years saw something of a drop-off in his musical output as his acting career flourished, culminating in his acclaimed performance in Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983). In 1983, he recorded "Let's Dance," an album which proved an unexpected massive commercial success, and produced his second number 1 hit single in the US. The tour which followed, "Serious Moonlight," was his most successful ever. Faced with this success on a massive scale, Bowie apparently attempted to "repeat the formula" in the next two albums, with less success (and to critical scorn). Finally, in the late 1980s, he turned his back on commercial success and his solo career, forming the hard rock band, Tin Machine, who had a deliberate limited appeal. By now, his acting career was in decline. After the comparative failure of Labyrinth (1986), the movie industry appears to have decided that Bowie was not a sufficient name to be a lead actor in a major movie, and since that date, most of his roles have been cameos or glorified cameos. He himself also seems to have lost interest in movie acting. Tin Machine toured extensively and released two alb


Which sports commentator wrote the autobiography Unless I'm Very Much Mistaken?

Murray Walker: Unless I'm Very Much Mistaken - Books | WHSmith Murray Walker: Unless I'm Very Much Mistaken Add to wishlist + Description The voice of motor racing and much loved public figure - and the man responsible for introducing millions of viewers to the previously inaccessible world of Formula 1 - tells the story of his incident-packed life, with a brand new chapter on his globetrotting adventures since retirement. Murray Walker is a national treasure. When the man who made famous the catch phrase 'Unless I'm very much mistaken...I AM very much mistaken!!!' announced that he was retiring as ITV's Grand Prix commentator, the media reacted as if the sport itself was losing one of its biggest stars. His reputation for mistakes was the making of Walker. He was the fan who happened to be given the keys to the commentary box - and never wanted to give them back. His high-octane delivery kept viewers on the edge of their seats, while his passion for talking about the sport he loved was matched by an all-encompassing knowledge gained through hours of painstaking research before every race. In his book he writes about his childhood and the influence that his father, British motorcycle champion Graham Walker, had on his career. Failing to match his father's achievements on the track after active service in World War II, he made a successful career for himself in advertising which catapulted him to the top of his profession. An offer from the BBC to take over the commentary seat for their F1 broadcasts was too good to turn down, and it wasn't long before the infamous 'Murrayisms' enlivened a sport which until then had been shrouded in a cloak of unfathomable technical jargon and mind-numbing statistics. He also talks about the biggest changes in the sport over the last 50 years, in particular the safety issues which came to the fore after the tragic death of Ayrton Senna, which he witnessed first hand. His partnership with James Hunt behind the microphone is the subject of some hilarious anecdotes, while his views on drivers past and present such as Stirling Moss, Jackie Stewart, Damon Hill and Michael Schumacher make for fascinating reading. Create a review About Author Murray Walker was born in Birmingham in 1923. His father, Graham was a motorcycle TT champion and Walker jnr saw his first race when he was two. After active service in World War II, he forged a succeesful career as an advertising executive, handling the accounts of blue-chip firms such as Mars, Esso and the Co-op. His debut as a sports commentator came in 1949, when he covered the British GP at Silverstone for BBC Radio. He has since spent more than 50 years commentating on motor racing and in particular F1, initially for the BBC before switching to ITV in 1997. He is the author of 14 books on motor racing. Product Details


Who replaced Anneka Rice in the TV programme Treasure Hunt?

Treasure Hunt (2) - UKGameshows Treasure Hunt (2) Cameraman (on location): Graham Berry Video recordist (on location): Frank Meyburgh Broadcast Chatsworth Television for Channel 4, 28 December 1982 to 18 May 1989 (91 episodes in 7 series + 6 specials) Chatsworth Television for Thames (regional), 30 October 1985 (as part of Thames Telethon) Chatsworth Television for ITV, 29 to 30 May 1988 (as part of ITV Telethon) Chatsworth Television for BBC Two, 16 December 2002 to 2 August 2003 (15 episodes in 2 series) Synopsis If someone came up to you and said that Treasure Hunt was an hour of complete arse, not only do they have Tourette's Syndrome, but somewhat ironically they would be almost completely right. Golden girl Anneka Rice with her lightweight (for 1985) radio pack. That's because the show is infamous for Graham the Cameraman's need to film Anneka Rice 's bottom. In jump-suit as well! However, it was a groundbreaking game too, and one of Channel 4's most popular shows of the era, regularly clawing in 7-8 million viewers. A lucky young thing gets to spend quality time with Anneka, thanks to Jim'll Fix It. The game, then. Former BBC newsreader Kenneth Kendall helps two ordinary rich people (the first two contestants were fish farmers from Cornwall) to solve five devious cryptic clues in order to guide "Skyrunner" Anneka, transported by helicopter, around the five places of interest, usually on a 20x20 km map, within 45 minutes. Come on Penny. Give me the clue. Part of the game was that although they could communicate with Anneka via a two-way radio link, they couldn't actually see her. An unintentional difficulty factor was that the radio communications would sometimes break up, completely by accident, at unfortunate times. In the studio, the players have access to lots of reference works and they'll need them because the clues are somewhat cryptic. For example, one clue once was: "In a Seahawk, in a Seahawk, in a Seahawk." the contestants had to work out that an airbase in the area was known as the HMS Seahawk, and at that place was an actual Seahawk plane and inside that was a small model of a Seahawk plane, and the clue was in that. Often homonyms, anagrams, double meanings and other connotations needed to be solved, with a bit of quick research each time, to solve the clues. The plans before the show began. For most of the run of the series, back at the base was TV-AM weather girl and zoologist (a combination you tend to see everyday) Wincey Willis who gave absolutely no help whatsoever save for time checks, giving out the clues in the studio and giving the hint to the Treasure at the top of the show. Part of her job was to track what the helicopter was doing on her big board which seemed fairly pointless, truth be told. Anneka and her crew. What made the show entertaining were the things Anneka had to do to earn the clues and the treasure. Most of the time they just had to go to a certain place, but sometimes the clue is on a character on stage at a packed performance, under the water, in the middle of an Army Assault Course obstacle - that kind of malarkey. We all deserve a well earned break now and then. Even when the contestants were stuck on clues, there was always plenty to look at. The view from the helicopter was interesting (Graham the cameraman always doing his "low shot" to perk up the proceedings), and Anneka tried her best to chip in with solving the clues wherever possible. Bless her. The main problem with the format was that if there was only 3 minutes on the clock, and that the next location was miles away, we just knew they weren't going to make it. This was a bug that was solved in the next similar show in the genre, Interceptor . That said, Treasure Hunt got seven series, Interceptor got one. There's no justice. Skyrunner in the helicopter, Anneka Rice In the final series of the original run, Anneka Rice was replaced by tennis-player Annabel Croft , who went on to do the afore-mentioned Interceptor with the same production team/helicopter crew combo (Chatsworth Television and Castle Air). Annabel C


What is England's Highest Mountain? - Geolounge 5 Total Shares The highest mountain in England is called Scafell Pike.  Found at 978 metres (3,209 ft) above sea level, Scafell Pike is located in  Lake District National Park  in Cumbria.   Ad: The mountain is comprised of igneous rock.  The shattered rock debris, thought to be from weathering such as frost action, that covers the plateau makes Scafell Pike the highest altitude example of a summit boulder field in England. Scafell Pike also lays claim to the highest standing water in England.  Broad Crag Tarn is found  820 m (2,700 ft), a quarter of a mile south of the summit.   View of the Scafell range in the English Lake District, looking west from Crinkle Crags. Original photograph taken by Mick Knapton National Three Peaks Challenge Scafell Pike is one of three mountains that is part of the National Three Peaks Challenge.  For this challenge, participants must climb all three peaks within 24 hours.  The three mountains are: Ben Nevis (at 1,344 m or 4,409 ft it is the highest mountain in Scotland), Snowdon / Yr Wyddfa (which at 1,085 m or 3,560 ft is the highest mountain in Wales), and Scafell Pike. Location of the three mountains that make up the Three Peaks Challenge. References


During the 1980s, which drink was promoted with the advertising slogan, 'the totally tropical taste'?

coca cola | Retro TV Ads Tweet Tab, stylized as TaB, is a diet cola soft drink produced by the Coca-Cola Company, first introduced in 1963. The soda was created by Coca-Cola after the successful sales and marketing of Diet Rite cola, owned by The Royal Crown Company;  previously, Diet Rite had been the only sugarless soda on the market. Tab was “marketed to consumers who want to keep ‘tabs’ on their weight.” The soda was fairly popular throughout the 1960s and 1970s, and the Coca-Cola Company made several variations of it, including Tab Clear and Tab X-Tra, as well ascaffeine-free versions. Info gleaned from Wikipedia Tweet Coca Cola Christmas Hilltop “I’d Like to Teach the World to Sing” TV Commercial. Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines in more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. info gleaned from Wikipedia Tweet 80’s LILT commercial. Lilt is a brand of soft drink manufactured by The Coca Cola Company and sold in the United Kingdom, Gibraltar and Republic of Ireland only. During the 1980s, Lilt was promoted with the advertising slogan, “the totally tropical taste.”  In the late 1990s it was heavily promoted with advertisements featuring two Jamaican women, Blanche Williams and Hazel Palmer. They became known in the media as the “Lilt Ladies.” Aspartame is added to the “regular” variety of Lilt, making it a de-facto diet soft drink. This means that Coca-Cola UK have given consumers the option of Diet Lilt, or Diet Lilt.


Which 70s band that has recently been reformed by lead singer Les McKeown?

Les McKeown Archives - Towleroad Towleroad Bay City Rollers Singer Les McKeown Says He’s Had Gay Sex for Years Some of you may remember the 70’s band Bay City Rollers and its lead singer Les McKeown. McKeown recently appeared on a reality TV show about addiction, on which he told his wife he’d been having sex with men for years: “His wife Peko was furious whe… Sherry Vine is Ready for the Resistance with ‘We Didn’t Start the Fire’ – WATCH Sherry Vine, the drag performer known for her deliciously raunchy reboots of pop hits, has bigger things on her mind these days: Donald Trump and the culture wars he is bringing back to the nation. She’s back with a new clip using Billy Joel… Trump Plans to Cut Nat’l Endowment for the Arts, Nat’l Endowment for the Humanities Big cuts are coming. Trump plans to do away with the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities, among other things. The Hill reports: The departments of Commerce and Energy would see major reductions in funding, wi… Las Vegas Can Help You Start the New Year Right Making New Year’s resolutions is easy. Keeping them … well, sometimes that’s a little more of a challenge. But here’s one resolution you’ll want to keep for sure. Make Las Vegas a part of your 2017 plans and have the trip of a lifetime! While in Las… ‘Lord of the Dance’ Michael Flatley Coming Out of Retirement to Jiggle for Trump The Lord of the Dance Michael Flatley will be joining the unimpressive list of acts who have agreed to perform at Donald Trump’s inauguration, the NY Daily News reports: Flatley, 58, has been featured on “Dancing with the Stars,” bu…


What creature is carved into the handle of Mary Poppins' umbrella?

Her Loud Companion, a mary poppins fanfic | FanFiction Not even Mary Poppins can get anything past her intuitive parrot umbrella handle. She and the parrot reflect on how practically perfect people CAN permit sentiment to muddle their thinking. Rated: Fiction K - English - Friendship - Words: 834 - Reviews: 3 - Favs: 7 - Published: 3/5/2012 - Status: Complete - id: 7898580 +  -     Full 3/4 1/2    Expand Tighten   "You can't fool me, Mary Poppins," the parrot umbrella handle said. "I know exactly how you feel about those children and if you think I'm going to keep my mouth shut any longer I—" Mary Poppins clamped the bird's wooden beak together with her thumb and forefinger gently. "That'll be quite enough, thank you," she said. Mary Poppins could put children in line and adults in their place, but she couldn't show this bird how rude it was to interject when no one wanted it to no matter how many times she'd told it so. She knew just how she felt without an umbrella handle telling her so. She opened her umbrella and got a firm grip on her carpetbag and ascended into the sky on the wind. Below her, Michael and Jane were off flying their kite with Mr. and Mrs. Banks just as she had left them. Mary Poppins wondered what the children would do when they returned home and found she really had meant that she was leaving for good, because she knew in some part of their lovely hearts they believed she would be sitting in the nursery and humming, awaiting their arrival. But Mary Poppins was not in the nursery and humming. She was in the sky, her eyes trained on a nice looking cloud not too far away. It would make a good place to stay until she heard another call of a child in need of a nanny. "Don't get too sad, Mary Poppins," the bird handle said suddenly, causing her heart to skip a beat and her graceful floating to jolt for an instant. "I most certainly am not sad. Practically perfect people never permit sentiment to muddle their thinking," she said sternly. "And I told you to be quiet." "Oh, let's talk about it," said the parrot. Mary Poppins ignored her opinionated bird handle. She landed gracefully on a cloud and set down her bag. "Yes, this will do quite nicely." She closed her umbrella with protests from the handle that quieted quickly. Mary Poppins reached into her magic bag and pulled out a small table. She set it down and brushed flecks of dirt off the surface. After a moment of silence so she could regroup and face the conversation at hand, sighing, Mary Poppins reached for the umbrella she'd discarded and opened it once again. The mouth on the parrot began moving immediately. "Mary Poppins, I've told you to please not do that while I'm talking. It gets awfully stuffy in there." There was a silence with the occasional clinking of china as Mary Poppins pulled out a teapot, a cup, and a saucer from the carpetbag. "Are you even listening to me?" Mary Poppins took a delicate sip of the tea she'd just poured for herself. "Of course I am, I always listen," she said matter-of-factly and not rudely in any way. "Well then, you listen to this," the handle said in a hear-me-now sort of tone. "You miss those children already and I'm not going to sit around and listen to you reminisce about things that happened not just a few hours ago. I know why it is you mope around for days after a job: closure, that's it. You never say goodbye," the bird concluded smugly. Mary Poppins gave the thing a hard look and put her cup on the table softly. She put her elbow on the table and sat her chin upon her hand, raising a brow at the parrot. "I've said goodbye many times, so you're quite wrong." "No, no," it said. "You never tell them how much you care. I hear everything when you leave the children, Miss Mary Poppins, so don't try to tell me that you've ever admitted anything as grand as your feelings." The bird paused and Mary Poppins did not reply. "Not even to Bert," it said, filling the silence with tension. "Now," said Mary Poppins as she crossed her legs tightly, "Bert has no need to be bothered with something as trivial as my feelings,


There have been 12 prime ministers during the queen's reign. How many of them were Conservative?

Queen Elizabeth and her 12 Prime Ministers | History of government Queen Elizabeth and her 12 Prime Ministers — No 10 guest historian series , Prime Ministers and No. 10 , The Monarchy On her 21st birthday in 1947 Princess Elizabeth broadcast from Cape Town in South Africa: I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great Imperial country to which we all belong…God help me to make good my vow and God bless all of you who are willing to share it. The Queen’s relationship with her 12 Prime Ministers (eight Conservative and four Labour) over the past 60 years demonstrates how she has fulfilled that vow. Churchill  was a formidable presence for the young Queen, who remained in awe of the great war leader. At their first audience, Churchill told the Queen he could advise her from a lifetime of experience, but the time would come when she would advise Prime Ministers younger than herself from a similar standpoint. So it has proved. The first of the 12 Prime Ministers younger than the Queen was  John Major .  Tony Blair  and  David Cameron  were not even born when she acceded to the throne. The central assertion about the rights of a constitutional monarch, as defined by Walter Bagehot in 1867, remains as true as ever: ‘the sovereign has under a constitutional monarchy such as ours, three rights – the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, the right to warn.’ The Queen has exercised all three rights. An early example was the issue of live television coverage of the Coronation in June 1953. Churchill opposed it, and, initially, the Queen was also doubtful. Eventually, the Queen’s view that the benefits would outweigh the disadvantages prevailed. Asked by an old court favourite whether Churchill was attempting to mentor her, as  Melbourne  had mentored the young  Queen Victoria , she replied, ‘Not at all, I find him very obstinate.’ Nevertheless, she learned much from the old warrior. The weekly audience between monarch and Prime Minister remained a fixed point of contact. At these audiences, the Queen found her second Prime Minister,  Anthony Eden , a sympathetic listener to her concerns. Dominating their early meetings was discussion of Princess Margaret’s possible marriage to the divorced Group Captain Peter Townsend. The Suez crisis in 1956 led to much speculation about the Queen’s views and what she knew of unfolding events. Eden believed that informing the Queen was of supreme importance and all the Suez papers were sent to her, the first time she was to be shown secret government papers. Their relationship was one of impeccable constitutional propriety and confidences were maintained. The Queen was able to draw on these experiences at later audiences with  Margaret Thatcher  during the Falklands War. The Queen has two prerogatives, to choose, or now to confirm, a new Prime Minister in office and to grant a dissolution of Parliament, triggering a general election. The first prerogative was exercised in 1957 and in 1963 when the leadership of the Conservative party became vacant between general elections. After taking advice from senior Conservatives, the Queen invited  Harold Macmillan  to become her third Prime Minister, a process repeated in October 1963 when  Sir Alec Douglas-Home  was appointed. At first, the Queen did not find Macmillan easy to deal with. He was unsure whether the Prime Minister’s annual visit to Balmoral was a social occasion, with ‘talking shop’ relegated to the margins, or a Highlands version of his weekly audiences at Buckingham Palace. However, it was not long before they  were on the same wavelength. Indeed, the Queen soon came to rely on Macmillan to offer wise counsel, both while in office and after his retirement in 1963. They discussed issues including the inauguration of the memorial to  President Kennedy  at Runnymede in 1965, and the 250th anniversary of  10 Downing Street  in 1985. Crucially, the Queen also sought his advice following the uncertain General Election outcomes of February and Octob


When asked where should one wear perfume, who replied "Wherever one wants to be kissed"

Coco Chanel: Then & Now, Fashion in the Modern Era. | elephant journal Coco Chanel: Then & Now, Fashion in the Modern Era. “Fashion changes, but style endures.” ~ Coco Chanel Fashion is constantly changing. Hem lines go south, get cut shorter, and then grow back. Fabrics brighten, wilt, sprout flowers and die—starched, plain and clean again. It is not the styles we choose to embrace that make a person fashionable. No, it’s the way we wear those styles that determine if we are mindfully dressed. Coco Chanel knew this. Here are five pieces of advice from the fashion guru herself that even decades later are instrumental to today’s wardrobe. 1. “Fashion is architecture: It is a matter of proportions.” Isn’t that the truth? Fashion today is still based off of proportions. We may wear extra large wraps and sweaters around our shoulders, but we make sure that those are paired with tight leggings and skinny jeans. If we are rocking those genie pants, then you better believe we should have a smaller/fitted chemise on top. It is critical to balance our garments from top to bottom. Otherwise, our bodies will have no frame. Our frame is important. Coco strived to emphasize a woman’s frame. She “wanted to give a woman comfortable clothes that would flow with her body. A woman is closest to being naked when she is well-dressed.” So, there we have it, ladies. If we are well-dressed, then we’re essentially wearing a second skin. Bonus, we look naked without actually being naked, and who doesn’t like prancing around in their birthday suit? 2. “Simplicity is the keynote of all true elegance.” I generally agree with this statement because if our attire is too complicated, then the eye will not know where to look. We want to only draw the eye to select areas of the body for each outfit. We want to highlight the frame, the shape—not the garment. Simplicity is the best way to achieve this. However, I detest simplicity when it comes to jewelry. Coco advised that “a lady should look in the mirror and remove one accessory” before leaving the house each day. Girl, no. Oh hell, no. If you’ve got layered necklaces and earrings to boot, then go on with your bad self. My personal advice is to apply principle number one to your accessorizing decisions. Proportion out where the jewelry is located. If you’re wearing a ton of bracelets, then you probably don’t need rings on every finger. There is a definitive balance to accessorizing. It is a tactful art. 3. “A woman who doesn’t wear perfume has no future.” This is beyond laughable. I personally do not wear perfume, but from this statement I probably should. While you still will have a future without perfume, perfume is nice. So, maybe lather up before leaving the house. In response to one woman who posed the question, “Where should one use perfume?” Coco replied “Wherever one wants to be kissed.” No spraying the lady flower, ladies, just saying. 4. “The best colour in the whole world is the one that looks good on you.” This summer I went to France, and I did a lot of shopping. In one boutique while picking out a new bathing suit, I asked the sales lady if I looked better in the green or the blue. My French did not translate. No matter how I rephrased, she told me over and over that the blue was magnifique. The blue was undoubtedly the more attractive color, but I knew it wouldn’t look magnifique on me. I chose the green instead. No matter what others tell you, dress in the colors that make you look the best. If you cannot decide what color looks best on you, then consider black or white. Coco said that “women think of all colors except the absence of color. I have said that black has it all. White too. Their beauty is absolute. It is the perfect harmony.” Black and white have never gone out of style—nor will they ever. If you truly do not know what color pallet matches your shading, then wear black or white. 5. “Dress shabbily and they remember the dress; dress impeccably and they remember the woman.” This does not mean we need to spend extra dough on more expensive clothes. It is important to be well-p


Which sit com actor went on to play the original Phantom in the West End and Broadway?

Top Ten Actors Playing the Phantom of the Opera says: March 17, 2012 at 1:29 am Who made up this list? Someone’s who’s deaf? Butler can’t sing AT ALL. And how completely irresponsible of you to omit Hugh Panaro. Hugh is the BEST BROADWAY Phantom ever. Shame on you. says: March 17, 2012 at 1:57 am I think the reason they probably posted Gerard Butler up there, is that I’m sure his role in the 2004 movie peaked a lot of interest in PotO in people that didn’t already have interest in it. Which, I think is a good thing. And, I wouldn’t say his singing was bad, it just wasn’t classically trained as everybody expected it to be. I used to really think that nobody could and would ever outdo Michael Crawford, but I do have to admit I’m entirely smitten with Ramin’s take on the Phantom. He puts so much emotion into that role, as they say, I’m surprised he has any left after each show. His singing actually makes my heart ache at the sad parts. Wondeful job to all the Phantoms on the list, especially my dear favorites ranked #1 and #2. Katherine says: March 17, 2012 at 12:09 pm Michael Crawford will always be my favorite. I never even got to see him on stage because the show came out when I was both (haha) but the amount of emotion I can hear just from the CD tells me he was amazing. But I definitely agree Hugh Panaro should be on the list! I finally got to see it in Broadway and his performance blew me away. Even the description for Butler you guys put for him describes why he shouldn’t be on this list. All of these Phantoms are experienced in their art and Butler didn’t even sing before the movie. He did decent, but definitely not on the top ten. Lindsay says: March 18, 2012 at 12:05 am Colm Wilkinson definitely deserved a top three spot, but I am SO happy to see you put Ramin up there in second… he deserves it!! Aside from his absolutely stunning voice, he has been one of the very few who managed to re-define the character (so well)! Katie says: March 18, 2012 at 1:19 am What about Davis Gaines?? He played the role both in LA and NY and totaled more performances than Michael himself. Having seen Michael, Davis and now Ramin, my top 3 are Ramin, Davis and Michael. Monique Hennessy says: March 18, 2012 at 1:45 am How is Gerard Butler 3rd and Anthony Warlow on 9th??!! What the?? Why is Gerard Butler even on this list? Kay says: March 18, 2012 at 3:03 am Come on, the favorite Phantom could be the acting as well as the singing. I think Gerard Butler was very good in the style of the original, Steve Harley. This was originally a “rocker” part until Crawford changed it up. Doing it on the big screen with closeups is a lot different than the stage versions so acting wise, I think Gerard excelled at bringing the “sexy” back and making most of us choose Phantom over Raoul. I know all the arguments, he was supposed to be a lot older, etc. but the fans of Ramin can’t agree with that. I thought Ramin did a great job of the stage version. I haven’t seen JOJ do the part on stage, but his voice in the 25th anniversary “blew me away”! Bobbie March 18, 2012 at 3:07 am Why has JOJ been left out and he’s much better than Gerry Butler Haley says: March 19, 2012 at 4:33 am Okay, I am pretty content with this list. Except for the addition of Bowman and Butler. Really, I never liked Bowman as Chris, and I didn’t even know he at one point even played Phantom, really he is not nearly as liked as other Phantoms. Gerard, really?!? I give him the benefit that his acting was pretty good, and that he gave international awareness to the musical, but really not top 10 material. I do say we need to have some more Broadway Phantoms up there! I would also switch Ramin with JOJ, even though I believe they are almost as equally good! But at least they got the basic and the most important thing right on this list, and that is making Michael Crawford #1! He created the role, and he embodied the Phantom with his voice, his acting, and his soul! Pretty good list overall! Gabrielle says: March 21, 2012 at 1:01 am Gerard beat John Owen Jones and Earl Carpen


Which 80s pop act had their Grammy revoked for not singing the vocals on their album?

The Grammy Awards' Dumbest Decisions of the Past 30 Years The Grammy Awards' Dumbest Decisions of the Past 30 Years 96.19K Top The Grammy Awards air tonight at 8, which means for about three hours on Twitter, the Grammy Awards will be relevant. Otherwise, everyone knows they're a sham. They may look good on an artist's resume, mantle or ego, but after boosting sales for big winners for a week or two, the Grammys get tucked away in the recesses of our memories for the rest of the year. As the supposed elite-defining monolith of the recording industry, the Grammy Awards are damned either way they do. The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences' tendency to recognize established vets too late for lesser works is maddening (Steely Dan's Two Against Nature won a slew of awards including Album of the Year in 2001; Herbie Hancock's River: The Joni Letters was named Album of the Year in 2008); the new development of recognizing less commercially visible but critically adored indie acts feels like a desperate attempt for coolness (Arcade Fire's The Suburbs won Album of the Year in 2011; Bon Iver was named Best New Artist last year). That said, when Grammy gets it wrong, it gets it really wrong. Legends who've never won include Diana Ross, the Beach Boys, Bob Marley and Teddy Pendergrass (who, adding insult to injury, was the recipient of a half-hearted tribute by the illogically chosen Lady Antebellum in 2011). Milli Vanilli famously had their Best New Artist Grammy revoked in 1990 as a result of Fab Morvan and Rob Pilatus being exposed as frauds who did not sing on their records. The Grammys will never live that down, nor should they. Nor should Milli Vanilli's watery, weirdly sung and generic take on dance music have been recognized in the first place, even when people thought they were singing. The Grammys must account for "quality" (whatever that means) as well as popularity (because the ceremony is a commercial endeavor in itself that is being packaged for consumption), and the Best New Artist category is where the two forces meet and explode into incomprehensibility. Supposedly, the Academy members who vote for these awards are urged to ignore sales figures and chart performance when determining their picks, but Best New Artist, in general is riddled with flavors of yestermonth, particularly of the teenybopper variety: the Backstreet Boys, the Jonas Brothers, Justin Bieber, Hanson, Avril Lavigne, Britney Spears, Kris Kross and Chris Brown have all been nominated in that category. Tonight, Alabama Shakes, fun., Hunter Hayes, the Lumineers and Frank Ocean are all up for that trophy, and it generally takes years for us to gain some perspective on how off the mark the Grammys were (Hootie and the Blowfish won in 1996, which made sense then given their ubiquity but is almost unthinkable now). Looking back, the examples (in various categories) below strike me as egregiously out of touch, especially given the relevance of these artists in 2013. There are loads more examples — no one awards show can get everything right — these are just the ones that stick out from a particular pop fan's perspective: In 1985' Lionel Richie's trifling Can't Slow Down won over classics like Prince and the Revolution's Purple Rain and Bruce Springsteen's Born in the USA. Cyndi Lauper's She's So Unusual and Tina Turner's Private Dancer were also nominated and still would have been better choices for their inventiveness. Prince was honored for the first time in 1985 with some trophies (Best R&B Song for writing "I Feel for You," which was a hit for Chaka Khan that year and Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group for the Purple Rain album), once in 1987 (Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group - "Kiss") and then not again until 2005 for Musicology's "Call My Name" (Best R&B Vocal Performance - Male). This means his double-album masterwork, 1987's Sign "O" the Times, won nothing. Timbaland, who helped shape '90s hip-hop and R&B much like Prince did for R&B and pop in the '80s, didn't win anything until 2007 for Justin Timberlake's "Sex


Which book published in 1988 and winner of the Whitbread Award, was the centre of a major international controversy?

Midnight's Children - Salman Rushdie - Author Biography • Education—M.A., King's College, Cambridge, UK • Awards—Booker Prize, 1981 (named the best novel to win    the Booker Prize in its first twenty-five years in 1993);    Whitbread Prize, 1988 and 1995 • Currently—lives in New York, New York Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie is a British Indian novelist and essayist. His second novel, Midnight's Children (1981), won the Booker Prize in 1981. Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent. He is said to combine magical realism with historical fiction; his work is concerned with the many connections, disruptions and migrations between East and West. His fourth novel, The Satanic Verses (1988), was the centre of a major controversy, provoking protests from Muslims in several countries, some violent. Death threats were made against him, including a fatwa issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, on February 14, 1989. Rushdie was appointed Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France in January 1999. In June 2007, Queen Elizabeth II knighted him for his services to literature. In 2008, The Times ranked him thirteenth on its list of the fifty greatest British writers since 1945. Since 2000, Rushdie has lived in the United States, where he has worked at the Emory University and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. His most recent book is Joseph Anton: A Memoir, an account of his life in the wake of the Satanic Verses controversy. Career Rushdie's first career was as a copywriter, working for the advertising agency Ogilvy & Mather, where he came up with "irresistibubble" for Aero and "Naughty but Nice" for cream cakes, and for the agency Ayer Barker, for whom he wrote the memorable line "That'll do nicely" for American Express. It was while he was at Ogilvy that he wrote Midnight's Children, before becoming a full-time writer. John Hegarty of Bartle Bogle Hegarty has criticised Rushdie for not referring to his copywriting past frequently enough, although conceding: "He did write crap ads...admittedly." His first novel, Grimus, a part-science fiction tale, was generally ignored by the public and literary critics. His next novel, Midnight's Children, catapulted him to literary notability. This work won the 1981 Booker Prize and, in 1993 and 2008, was awarded the Best of the Bookers as the best novel to have received the prize during its first 25 and 40 years. Midnight's Children follows the life of a child, born at the stroke of midnight as India gained its independence, who is endowed with special powers and a connection to other children born at the dawn of a new and tumultuous age in the history of the Indian sub-continent and the birth of the modern nation of India. The character of Saleem Sinai has been compared to Rushdie. However, the author has refuted the idea of having written any of his characters as autobiographical, stating... People assume that because certain things in the character are drawn from your own experience, it just becomes you. In that sense, I’ve never felt that I’ve written an autobiographical character. After Midnight's Children, Rushdie wrote Shame, in which he depicts the political turmoil in Pakistan, basing his characters on Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Shame won France's Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger (Best Foreign Book) and was a close runner-up for the Booker Prize. Both these works of postcolonial literature are characterised by a style of magic realism and the immigrant outlook that Rushdie is very conscious of as a member of the Indian diaspora. Rushdie wrote a non-fiction book about Nicaragua in 1987 called The Jaguar Smile. This book has a political focus and is based on his first-hand experiences and research at the scene of Sandinista political experiments. His most controversial work, The Satanic Verses, was published in 1988 (see below). Rushdie has published many short stories, including those collected in East, West (1994). The Moor's Last Sigh, a family epic ranging over some 100 years of India's histor


Where did the Ossis and the Wessis meet for the first time in 28 years, in 1989?

NBC: Germany remains divided 15 years later - World news | NBC News + - MAINZ, Germany  — The images of the collapse of the Berlin Wall were beamed around the world. At the open border crossings in Berlin, thousands of people from East and West, who met for the first time, hugged, kissed and danced in a joyous celebration. It all happened on Nov. 9. 1989, the culmination of years of protests and the exodus of hundreds of thousands of East Germans longing for more freedom, democracy and free elections.  On the 15th anniversary of that historic moment, the enthusiasm and euphoria has disappeared and the mood has sobered for most Germans. Euphoria has vanished Opinion polls now show that one out of five eastern Germans would like the wall back and every fourth German who grew up in West Germany think that the two Germanys should be divided again.  "An alarming signal," said Wolfgang Tierse, a former East German and head of the German parliament. "I call on German politicians not to further enhance the indifference and disintegration of eastern Germans," he warned. Economic and political divisions between the two parts of Germany seem to have grown over the last years, due to the country's poor economic performance and rising unemployment. Unemployment in the east is at around 18 percent, more than twice as high as in the west. Expectations for a brighter future and confidence in the government of Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder have eroded among eastern Germans. They is little hope for delivery of former Chancellor Helmut Kohl's famous promise of "blooming landscapes." Despite the fact that large eastern German cities like Dresden, Leipzig or Potsdam have been refurbished and are widely regarded as monuments to success, many east Germans, especially in rural areas, remain disillusioned. Exodus from the East Since 1990, millions of mainly young eastern Germans have left for better job opportunities in the west. Germany's Leibnitz Research Institute predicts that if the current migration trend continues, vast eastern regions will loose approximately half of their population in the next 40 years. In addition, many German companies are moving their production facilities to eastern European countries, leaving economically abandoned regions behind. Textile manufacturers, who used to provide thousands of jobs, have gradually moved further east since 1990, to Russia, Ukraine or Belarus. Fritz Reiss  /  AP file Two women walk past remnants of the Berlin Wall in the Wall Memorial Park.   In Germany's Lausitz area, along the Polish border, once a stronghold for textile manufacturing and coal mining, some cities have already lost about 35 percent of their population. In the town of Freital, on the outskirts of Dresden, a local steel factory used to employ more than 5,000 people during communist times. Unlike many other technologically outdated factories, it survived reunification, but only has a total of 750 employees today. The growing pool of "unneeded" workers has burdened the German economy. Before the fall of the wall, unemployment in East Germany was more or less non-existent. Every citizen had a job, no matter whether the position was economically efficient or the person actually needed one. Criticism on both ends Productivity is another crippling problem. Gross domestic product and income per capita remain far lower in the eastern German states than in the west, despite transfers of approximately $106 billion each year. Eastern Germany still depends on subsidies, which make up about four percent of the total German gross domestic product. Many western Germans describe their countrymen from the east as lazy, claiming they depend too much on government support. They also blame the "Ossis,” as the easterners are often referred to, for the slump in their once-prosperous economy. Since reunification, more than one trillion euros ($1.28 trillion), have been transferred from west to east. Many Easterners, for their part, view the "Wessis," their western counterparts, as arrogant. In their eyes, the hope for government support is a call f


Sue Johnston and Ricky Tomlinson play Jim and Barbara Royle in the Royle Family, but which other well known married couple did they play in the 80's?

Sue Johnston - Who is talking about Sue Johnston on FLICKR www.youtube.com/watch?v=fm0CJtVSQD8 Brookside is a British soap opera set in Liverpool, England. The series began on the launch night of Channel 4 on 2 November 1982, and ran for 21 years until 4 November 2003. Originally intended to be called Meadowcroft, the series was produced by Mersey Television and it was conceived by Phil Redmond who also devised Grange Hill (1978–2008) and Hollyoaks (1995–present). Brookside became very successful and was often Channel 4's highest rated programme for a number of years in the 1980s and early 1990s, with audiences regularly in excess of 8 million viewers. It is notable for its tackling of realistic and socially challenging storylines. From the mid-1990s it began raising more controversial subjects under the guidance of new producers such as Mal Young and Paul Marquess. It is especially well known for broadcasting the first pre-watershed lesbian kiss on British television in 1994, as well as a powerful domestic abuse storyline resulting in murder. In 1996, the series caused an uproar when it featured a storyline of a consensual incestuous sexual relationship between two sibling characters. Brookside was also the first British soap to feature an openly gay character when Gordon Collins came out in 1985, and it was also the first to depict serious drug addiction with a number of different characters. Although the series had a long and successful run, by 2000 its viewing figures were in terminal decline and low ratings eventually led to its cancellation in 2003. The final episode was broadcast on 4 November 2003 and was watched by around 2 million viewers. The first episode of Brookside was repeated as part of Channel 4 at 25 on 1 October 2007. The episode aired on More4 in a season of celebratory Channel 4 programmes to mark the channel's first quarter century. Several classic episodes have also been available to view on 4oD, an online service, since 2009. After years of campaigning by fans, a special DVD was released in November 2012, just over 30 years after the series originally began, titled Brookside Most Memorable Moments. It features clips and episodes from every year of the programme's 21-year history. Brookside differed from other soap operas because it was filmed in real, brand-new houses, in a real cul-de-sac, situated off Deysbrook Lane in the North West city of Liverpool. www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvrrA7zv8s&list=PLHkDX58c6v3... Built by Broseley Homes, the houses were custom built in an attempt by the producers to add to the show's realism. In early 1982, Mersey Television, with Phil Redmond at the helm, bought thirteen houses altogether, six of which would be seen on-screen as sets. The remaining seven properties housed administration, postproduction and canteen facilities for the cast and crew. Phil Redmond was particularly enthusiastic about purchasing an entire 'close' of houses, partly as a means of achieving the desired realism of Brookside, but also in order to maintain total control of his creation. The Body Under the Patio plot www.youtube.com/watch?v=uT5T5mBg2BU One of Brookside's most famous storyline began in February 1993, with the story of wife beater and child abuser Trevor Jordache (Bryan Murray). His wife, Mandy (Sandra Maitland) and daughters Beth (Anna Friel) and Rachel (Tiffany Chapman) moved into number 10 under a shroud of mystery. The house had been vacated by the remaining Corkhill clan and sold to a Mrs Shackleton; however, unbeknown to the residents of the close, she was acting as a representative for a charity supporting abused families, and had purchased the property as a safe house. After the Jordache family moved in some disturbing facts began to emerge. It transpired that not only had Mandy suffered years of mental and physical abuse, but also that Beth had been sexually abused by her father. Before long Trevor, who had recently been released from prison for GBH against Mandy, found them in Brookside Close. He persuaded Mandy to let him back into the family home pretending to have be


Which 1981 song contains the lyrics " And I've lost my light. For I toss and turn, I can't sleep at night"?

Soft Cell - Tainted Love Lyrics | MetroLyrics Tainted Love Lyrics New! Highlight lyrics to add Meanings, Special Memories, and Misheard Lyrics... Submit Corrections Cancel Sometimes I feel I've got to Run away I've got to Get away From the pain that you drive into the heart of me The love we share And I've lost my light For I toss and turn I can't sleep at night Once I ran to you (I ran) Now I'll run from you This tainted love you've given I give you all a boy could give you Take my tears and that's not nearly all Oh tainted love Now I know I've got to Run away I've got to Get away You don't really want it any more from me To make things right You need someone to hold you tight And you'll think love is to pray But I'm sorry I don't pray that way Once I ran to you (I ran) Now I'll run from you This tainted love you've given I give you all a boy could give you Take my tears and that's not nearly all Oh tainted love


Charlotte, Desiree and Rooster are varieties of which type of vegetable?

Potatoes Potatoes Back to glossary list Potatoes Potatoes were first introduced to Ireland, and then to Britain, from America in the late 16th century and are now one of the most popular staple foods in the world. They are a valuable source of nutrition, particularly for their vitamin C, carbohydrate and fibre content, especially when they are cooked and eaten in their skins. Varieties such as King Edward and Maris Piper are best eaten this way. Varieties such as Desiree, Wilja and Estima are good all-round cooking potatoes. Potatoes are generally divided into two categories - waxy or floury (see below), if you are unsure of the variety of potato you have and want to know before cooking, mix one part salt to 11 parts water in a measuring jug and add the potato. A floury one will almost always sink to the bottom of the jug, while a waxy one will float. When it comes to seasonal availability, different varieties are available at different times of the year. Uses: Potatoes are extremely versatile and can be boiled, steamed, baked, roasted, fried and mashed. To store: It is essential that potatoes are stored in a cool, dark area away from sunlight and in a frost-free, airy place preferably in a brown paper sack. If potatoes are exposed to light they may turn green (which can be poisonous) or start sprouting. Small amounts of green can be removed but very green potatoes should be discarded. Do take potatoes out of the plastic bag that they are usually sold in - the potatoes are likely to go mouldy if kept in plastic. Potatoes should not be stored in the fridge. New potatoes should be eaten within 2-3 days of purchase, while old potatoes can, if stored correctly be kept for several months. Charlotte These long oval potatoes have a firm waxy texture and a subtle nutty flavour. They have a light yellow skin and a yellow flesh. Uses: Suitable for boiling, baking or salads. To prepare: Scrub thoroughly under cold running water or peel. Desiree One of the most popular red-skinned potatoes Desirees have a smooth skin and a creamy yellow flesh. They have a firm texture. Uses: Especially good cooked as wedges or roasted, because they hold their shape. Also suitable for boiling, mashing and chipping. To prepare: Scrub thoroughly under cold running water or peel. Estima A light yellow-skinned potato with a firm, moist texture and a mild flavour. They are usually oval-shaped with a yellowy flesh. Uses: Boiling, mashing and especially good for baking. To prepare: Peel and chop for boiling and chipping or scrub thoroughly for baking. Back to top Floury A type rather than a variety, floury potatoes are especially popular in Britain. They are suitable for baking, mashing and chipping as they have a soft, dry texture when cooked. They are not suitable for boiling, however because they tend to disintegrate. Popular varieties of floury potato include King Edward and Maris Piper. King Edward King Edwards have pinky red skins and distinctively flavoured creamy white flesh that's packed with carbohydrates, fibre, iron and vitamins, including folate. Cooking them in their skins provides the most nutritional value. Uses: Good for boiling, baking, chipping or roasting. To prepare: Rinse in cold water and peel for boiling, chipping and roasting. If necessary, cut out any bruises or green parts. New potatoes These are available all year round and the different varieties encompass a range of skin and flesh colours. They are small, waxy, oval-shaped potatoes. Buy little and often for the best flavour. Uses: Best boiled whole in their skins and delicious served warm or cold, with spring lamb, salmon and salads. To prepare: Rinse in cold water and cook whole or sliced. To obtain the most nutritional value, leave their skins on. If preferred, remove the skin by gently rubbing it away with your fingers. To cook: Place in a pan, add enough water to cover. Bring to the boil, cover, and simmer gently for 20 minutes for whole potatoes, 15 minutes for sliced potatoes. Drain, add a knob of butter and serve. Red Duke of York With a light yellow flesh and a distinct


What rebellious event was organised in 1773 by the Sons of Liberty as a protest against taxation without representation?

The Boston Tea Party: Why Did It Occur and Who Was Involved? The Boston Tea Party: Why Did It Occur and Who Was Involved? by Pamela Kline and Paul Pavao Why did the Boston Tea Party Occur? Who was involved? We cover these facts and more on this page on one of the most momentous events of the American Revolution. The broadside below was posted all over Boston on November 29, 1773, shortly after the arrival of three ships carrying tea owned by the East India Company. This is the original handbill that was passed out to organize the Boston Tea Party. It reads ... Brethren, and Fellow Citizens! You may depend, that those odious Miscreants and detestable Tools to Ministry and Governor, the TEA CONSIGNEES, (those traitors to their Country, Butchers, who have done, and are doing every Thing to Murder and destroy all that shall stand in the Way of their private Interest,) are determined to come and reside again in the Town of Boston. I therefore give you this early Notice, that you may hold yourselves in Readiness, on the shortest Notice, to give them such a Reception, as such vile Ingrates deserve. JOYCE, jun. (Chairman of the Committee for Tarring and Feathering.) If any Person should be so hardy as to Tear this down, they may expect my severest Resentment. J. jun. Why Did the Boston Tea Party Occur? The beginning of the the Boston Tea Party is often sourced to what the Colonists felt was an unfair tax on tea. This is only partly true. The Tea Party was a protest in reaction to a tax meant to help raise funds following the French and Indian War. But the tax was also a political power move on behalf of Parliament, meant to reassert control over the colonies, as well as an economic  decision designed to bail out the floundering East India Company, a threshold of English commercial interests. Background After the long and costly war between France and England, King George III and the British Parliament implemented a tax to help raise money to pay off the massive debts incurred. They chose to place this tax on tea sold in both England and in the English Colonies. They were convinced that people would rather pay a tax than give up their daily tea. It was also an item that the colonies were required to import only from England. Furthermore, the tax was a way to reign in the colonies, who had been neglected during the long war, and remind them that their allegiance belonged to England. This Sugar Act was passed in 1764 imposing customs duties on several different items, including tea. Prime Minister Grenville wanted to raise the revenue by putting a direct tax on the colonists instead of at the ports, so he delayed to give the colonists a chance to find a way to raise funds themselves. They didn't. The following year, the Stamp Act was passed. All official documents and papers were required to have an official stamp. The cost of this stamp went directly to the crown. The colonists were outraged. They complained bitterly that because of their distance from England, they were receiving inadequate representation in Parliament. They had not agreed to have these new taxes placed on their colonies.  The Stamp Act was eventually repealed, but not before the Sons of Liberty  had formed and begun to perform public demonstrations and boycott, sometimes with violence and looting. The Colonists were frustrated by the number of taxes Parliament kept trying to place on them without their consent. In 1767,  the Townshend Acts rocked the colonies when they replaced the Stamp Act with an import duty on all kinds of essential goods. Parliament mistakenly thought the colonies objected to only internal taxes or purchases like the objects described in the Stamp Act, and that import taxes wouldn't be a problem. Parliament then offered a monopoly on tea importation to the colonies to the East India Company , who in turn raised their price on tea. The tea sold in the colonies wouldn't have a tax any more, instead it would be taxed at each individual port, and agents were appointed to receive and sell the tea and pay the tax. This was the Tea Act, passed by


What is the spirit that is used in the cocktails Mai Tai and Daiquiri?

Cocktail Recipe: Mai Tai .5 oz Orgeat .25 oz Simple Syrup Mix all ingredients and shake with ice.  Strain over crushed ice, garnish with a lime shell and a sprig of mint. I know what you’re thinking.  You’re wondering how many times I think I can get away with posting the recipe for the Mai Tai and consider it a new post.  It’s not my fault this time though. You see, Kevin Langmack at Beers in the Shower is hosting this month’s Mixology Monday and called for “Money Drinks.”  If you aren’t sure what a “Money Drink” is, allow Kevin to explain: I feel a “Money” drink is something you can put in front of anyone, regardless of tastes or distastes about the spirits involved. Come up with a drink or a list based on spirits about drinks that would appeal to anyone. example: turning someone onto a Corpse Reviver #2 when they like lemon drops. I know just about everyone that preaches the gospel according to Saint Cocktail has their own special Money Drink.  For some I’m sure that’s a perfect Manhattan.  Others might serve the crispest Martini or the most sumptuous Last Word ever known.  Any such drink, if made well, could convert someone to cocktails. I’m sort of into rum .  As such, I tend to try to convert people to my favorite spirit quite often, and I can tell you that I have had success with no drink like I have with the Mai Tai. A true Bergeronistic Mai Tai is tart and refreshing with the wonderful notes of mint, orange, lime, and almond dancing on top of the deep, funky flavors within the rum.  It’s a drink that defies seasons, despite its tropical nature.  And I would know, I have had one or two Mai Tais in my time. I’ve even been known to up the ante on the Mai Tai by upgrading the basic spirits (I usually use Appleton Estate 12 and Clement VSOP ) to their top-shelf brethren, much like Paul Clarke suggested as an alternate expression of a “Money Drink:” Along with what you mentioned, I’m thinking it could include stuff along the lines of “there are some drinks that really prompt you to break out the good stuff”, including ways people upgrade drinks for special occasions — having old friends over, birthday drinks, etc, for example mixing your regular Sazerac, but breaking out the Red Hook Rye and the Jade Edouard absinthe for a Sazerac capable of breaking the sound barrier.” – the only rule to this one is you actually have to make it – Not a problem for me, as I’ve already taken the Mai Tai and the One Hundred Dollar Mai Tai and turned the knob all the way to eleven once before : $300 Mai Tai .75 oz Lime Juice 1 tsp Simple Syrup Combine all ingredients in a shaker, shake with ice, strain into a glass filled with crushed ice.  Garnish with sprigs of mint and a wedge of lime, and a hundred dollar bill I know it might seem a bit crazy to put such expensive rums into a cocktail, but when you consider that the original Mai Tai called specifically for Wray & Nephew 17 Year Old Rum, and that today that rum goes for about $60,000US, you’d have to say that the $300 Mai Tai is a real bargain, right? Question of the Day: What’s your go-to, Money Drink that no one can say “no” to and keeps people coming back for more? You might also like (automatically generated): Paul Etter December 23, 2009 at 1:57 pm I was playing around with black strap trying to come up with a suitably dark and scary tiki drink inspired by Martin Denny’s “Similau” and wound up with a cocktail I’m calling the Stone God. So far, I haven’t found anyone who’s asked for their proverbial “money” back. Dim the lights, throw on some exotica and conjure up a Stone God. Of course, this is just the $10 job. You could certainly up the ante by using Appleton Reserve, 12 Yr, 21 Yr or Master Blender’s Legacy. Stone God Paul Etter January 4, 2010 at 8:21 pm Ruben, to approximate the black strap, you might try adding in just a drop or two of mild unsulphered molasses. The hint of molasses is one of the underlying flavors that really makes this drink interesting. That, and the ginger syrup. That’s easy enough to make by thinly slicing a 2-inch long peice of ginger and placing it i


Which biennial sporting fixture was cancelled due to 9/11?

Sports Events Cancelled or Postponed After Attacks in US   Sports Events Cancelled or Postponed After Attacks in US Following are the sports events which have been cancelled or postponed in the wake of last week's terrorist attacks on New York and Washington: September 11: Baseball: American Major League matches cancelled Football: American Major League Soccer programme cancelled Tennis: Hawaii womens tournament cancelled before second day's play. September 12: Football: European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches scheduled for September 12 and 13 were all postponed. Handball: German championship matches cancelled Skiing: German championships cancelled Cycling: American riders in the Tour d'Avenir, France , withdraw from the tour. Golf: Pro circuit tournaments at St Louis and Tampa Bay, United States cancelled. Boxing: World middleweight unification fight between Puerto Rico's Felix Trinidad and America's Bernard Hopkins, scheduled for September 15 in New York City, postponed. September 13: American football: NFL cancelled its weekend programme of 15 matches Cricket: New Zealand made a last minute withdrawal from a tour of Pakistan and also withdrew an "A" team from India . Canoe-kayak: World championships due to start September 13 on the Ocoee River, Tennessee, cancelled. September 14: Ice hockey: Warm-up matches for the 2001/2002 North American League season cancelled. Basketball: NBA exhibition matches in Shanghai and Taiwan cancelled. Tennis: United States versus India Davis Cup match scheduled for September 21 at Winston Salem North Carolina, cancelled. Golf: Tiger Woods dropped out of the Lancome Trophy scheduled for September 20 at Saint-Nom-La-Breteche, France. Squash: Boston's US Open cancelled September 15: Wrestling: World championships scheduled for New York September 26-29 cancelled. September 16: Golf: The Ryder Cup, pitting Europe against America event scheduled to start September 28 at The Belfry, Birmingham, England, postponed until next year. Field hockey: Men's Champions Trophy scheduled for November 3-11 in Pakistan relocated to an as yet undecided country. United States pulled out of Women's World Cup qualifying tournament September 18-30 at Amiens and Abbeville, France. Tennis: Jennifer Capriati and Serena Williams pulled out of Tokyo WTA tournament due to start September 17. September 17:


The rights to which children's book were bequeathed to the Great Ormond Street Hospital in 1929?

History | Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity Barrie requested that the amount raised from Peter Pan should never be revealed, and the hospital has always honoured his wishes. Legacy Although he and his wife were childless, Barrie loved children and had supported Great Ormond Street Hospital for many years. In 1929 he was approached to sit on a committee to help buy some land so that the hospital could build a much needed new wing. Barrie declined to serve on the committee but said that he "hoped to find another way to help". Two months later, the hospital board was stunned to learn that Sir James had handed over all his rights to Peter Pan. At a Guildhall dinner later that year Barrie, as host, claimed that Peter Pan had been a patient in Great Ormond Street Hospital and that "it was he who put me up to the little thing I did for the hospital".  JM Barrie dedication plaque So began the enduring link between the author and the children of Great Ormond Street Hospital.  On 14 December 1929, at Barrie’s suggestion, the cast of a London production of Peter Pan came to the hospital and they played out the nursery scene for the children, the first of a long tradition. Peter Pan archives and memorials Peter Pan and memorials to J M Barrie can be found throughout the hospital, for example: A bronze statue of Peter Pan and Tinker Bell outside the hospital entrance. A plaque dedicated to Barrie in the hospital chapel (unveiled in 1938 by J B Priestley). Tinker Bell play area in Octav Botnar Wing. A tiled mural created and donated by the art students of the University of Wolverhampton. You can view  some of these archives and memorials in our  Peter Pan photo gallery . Please note that the hospital is not a public place and some of the memorials are not accessible to the general public.


Kopi Luwak, produced mainly in Indonesia, and a waste product of the civet, is the most expensive variety of what?

Kopi Luwak | The Coffee Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia File:Palmcivet.jpg Kopi luwak is produced mainly on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali and Sulawesi in the Indonesian Archipelago, and also in the Philippines (where the product is called motit coffee in the Cordillera and kape alamid in Tagalog areas) and also in East Timor (where it is called kafé-laku). Contents [ show ] History In early 18th century The Dutch established the cash-crop plantations in their colony in Dutch East Indies islands of Java and Sumatra, including Arabica coffee introduced from Yemen. During the era of Cultuurstelsel (1830—1870), the Dutch prohibited the native farmers and native plantation workers to pick coffee fruits for their own use. Yet the native farmers desired to have a taste of the famed coffee beverage. Soon the natives learned that certain species of musang or luwak (Asian Palm Civet) consumed these coffee fruits, yet they left the coffee seeds undigested in their droppings. The natives collect these Luwak's dropping coffee seeds; clean, roast and grind it to make coffee beverage. The fame of aromatic civet coffee spread from locals to Dutch plantation owners and soon become their favorites, yet because of its rarity and unusual process, the civet coffee was expensive even in colonial times. Production Kopi is the Indonesian word for coffee. Luwak is a local name of the Asian palm civet in Sumatra and Johor, Malaysia. Palm civets are primarily frugivorous, feeding on berries and pulpy fruits such as from fig trees and palms. Civets also eat small vertebrates, insects, ripe fruits and seeds. Early production began when beans were gathered in the wild from where a civet would defecate as a means to mark its territory. On farms, civets are either caged or allowed to roam within defined boundaries. Coffee cherries are eaten by a civet for their fruit pulp. After spending about a day and a half in the civet's digestive tract the beans are then defecated in clumps, having kept their shape and still covered with some of the fleshy berry's inner layers. They are gathered, thoroughly washed, sun dried and given only a light roast so as to keep the many intertwined flavors and lack of bitterness yielded inside the civet. Raw Beans Blends Kopi luwak is a name for many specific cultivars and blends of arabica, robusta, liberica, excelsa or other beans eaten by civets, hence the taste can vary greatly. Nonetheless, kopi luwak coffees have a shared aroma profile and flavor characteristics, along with their lack of bitterness. Kopi luwak tastes unlike heavy roasted coffees, since roasting levels range only from cinnamon color to medium, with little or no caramelization of sugars within the beans as happens with heavy roasting. Moreover, kopi luwaks which have very smooth profiles are most often given a lighter roast. Iced kopi luwak brews may bring out some flavors not found in other coffees. Sumatra, Indonesa is the world's largest regional producer of kopi lowak. Sumatran civet coffee beans are mostly an early arabica variety cultivated in the Indonesian archipelago since the seventeenth century. Tagalog cafe alamid (or alamid cafe) comes from civets fed on a mixture of coffee beans and is sold in the Batangas region along with gift shops near airports in the Philippines. Price Kopi luwak is the most expensive coffee in the world, selling for between US $100 and $600 per pound. The Kopi luwak is sold by weight mainly in Japan and the United States and served in Southeast Asian coffeehouses by the cup. Sources vary widely as to annual worldwide production. thumb|300px|right|KOPI LUWAK Only at Harvests of the World you can find this coffee at the cheapest price in the internet or in the world $190.00 USD a Pound so visit http://www.harvestsoftheworld.com for your civet poop coffee


Who had a hit song in the late 60s with Hazy Shade Of Winter?

Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987 - Music Videos,Lyrics Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987 Lyrics Help preserve America's Music Tradition and suggest your lyrics here. Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987 Playlist: Pause Some trivia about Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987 "A Hazy Shade of Winter" is a song written by Paul Simon, recorded and released by Simon & Garfunkel in 1966, and then included on their 1968 album, Bookends (although it also appeared on their Live from New York City, 1967). It peaked at #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 making it the second highest-charting song on the album after "Mrs. Robinson", which reached #1 when it was released on the back of its inclusion on the soundtrack of The Graduate. In 1987, The Bangles were approached to record a song for the soundtrack of the film Less Than Zero. They chose to record a cover of "A Hazy Shade of Winter," a song they had been performing since their early days as a band. Their cover, simply titled "Hazy Shade of Winter," was vastly different from the original, turning it into a harder-edged rock song, and removing most of the bridge section [1] Play time: 2:24 FACEBOOK - CLICK HERE to see our top picks of the day on our music group on Facebook! To post this song into Facebook...just copy the URL and past it into the Facebook comment field More Bangles Free Music Videos and songs To Listen and watch Artist Bangles album music videos... Just click on the song title links that you see below, to play. Your Free Music Videos Playlist By default, we play all of our songs randomly selected from our playlist; however, you can choose the songs you want played by selecting all or some songs below and adding them to your playlist. You can also browse all songs and update your playlist at View/Edit Your Playlist . Step 1: Select your Free Music Videos. Step 2: click on 'Add Selections' button to update your list. Step 3: When you're logged in and ready, just click on 'Play Your Playlist' button. To stop playing from your playlist and to play all of our songs, just click on 'Play All Songs' button Status When completed, click on either Play Your Playlist or Play All Music Videos Bangles Song Tracks Bangles - Walking Down Your Street - 1987 [3:42] - Walking Down Your Street is the name of a song FAQ: Salestron Eclectic Video Jukebox Playlist Hit F11 key to full screen this site. Our Oldies Music ♫ Nostalgia Cloud is designed to allow you to sit back, listen, and watch free and legal music videos as we automatically shuffle, select and play old favorites such as "Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987" from our eclectic streaming video radio station jukebox playlist! Listen to the best songs from 1910s to the present! Over one hundred years of music! The MP3 music videos, lyrics, artist and album trivia are presented to you  so that you do not need to click on anything. Automatically, at the end of the song music video,  we select the next shuffled song and continously repeat the process. We all have our favorite songs that we want to play. That's why you can create your own playlist! Free, no less! Anytime you play a favorite song, just ckick on "Add Song to Playlist" that appears just below the video. You can also browse our library of songs and add more of your favorites...by singer, by year, etc. You can choose to run your private playlist or our complete songlist at any time. Just click Create Your Free Music Videos Playlist Music video song lyrics are displayed in the scrolling window on the right side of this page. Music Video Trivia are shown in the center column. You can select the next song track by clicking on the SKIP button. You can loop on the current song by clicking on the LOOP button. To search for your song, enter whatever you remember of the title or singer into the search box at the top right of this page. You can enter partial titles and/or singers. We then search our Jukebox Music Database and show the most likely matching songs. You can browse and click on any song title and singer in the list to play that song. We keep our audio and


Winterfell is the house of what family in Game of Thrones?

House Stark - A Wiki of Ice and Fire House Stark A running grey direwolf, on an ice-white field (Argent, a direwolf courant cendrée) Words unknown; Bran Stark (de jure) Region King in the North /King of Winter (formerly) Lord of Winterfell (formerly) Age of Heroes House Stark of Winterfell is one of the Great Houses of Westeros and the principal noble house of the north . In days of old they ruled as Kings of Winter , but since Aegon's Conquest they have been Wardens of the North and ruled as Lords of Winterfell. Their seat, Winterfell , is an ancient castle renowned for its strength. Their sigil is a grey direwolf racing across a field of white. Their words are "Winter is Coming", one of only a few house mottoes to be a warning rather than a boast. [1] Several of the POV characters of A Song of Ice and Fire are members of House Stark. Aside from the Karstarks of Karhold , the Starks of Winterfell may have other, distant relatives in the north. White Harbor and Barrowton are considered to be likely options. [2] Some younger Starks have also held vassal holdfasts for the lords of Winterfell. [3] Contents Culture Traits The Stark look consists of a long face, a lean build, dark brown hair and grey eyes. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] In the current generation of Starks, several members (e.g., Arya and Bran Stark , and Jon Snow ) have the ability to enter the minds of their direwolf pets as wargs , giving them the ability to experience the senses of their direwolves [9] and to see through their eyes. The latter occurs most frequently when the children sleep, [10] [11] although they are able to do it at will when awake, once they are more practiced. [12] [11] Customs House Stark traditionally buries deceased members of their family in the crypts below Winterfell . [13] [14] The Kings of Winter and Lords of Winterfell are given a statue of their likeness, sitting by their tomb, whereas other normally family members do not. [15] The only exceptions are Brandon and Lyanna Stark , who have been given a statue by their brother, Lord Eddard Stark . [15] The statues of the kings and lords have stone wolves by their feet [16] [14] and have swords placed upon their lap, [14] which are said to keep the spirits of the dead at rest, locked within their tombs. [17] [13] House Stark traditionally follows the old gods . [18] [19] [20] [21] Following the marriage of Lord Eddard Stark to Lady Catelyn Tully , a follower of the Faith of the Seven , a small sept in honor of the seven gods from the Faith was constructed at Winterfell . [22] The Starks have traditionally been friends of the Night's Watch . [15] The four youngest men to have served as Lord Commander of the Night's Watch , including Osric Stark , were brothers, sons, or bastards of Kings in the North . [23] History Kings in the North The Starks are an ancient house of First Men descent. [1] House Stark was founded by Brandon the Builder , a legendary figure who lived during the Age of Heroes . Bran the Builder is said to have raised Winterfell , the seat of the Starks, as well as the Wall . [24] The Starks were Kings of Winter in the north for eight thousand years [25] since the Age of Heroes, possibly beginning with Bran the Builder. The Night's King , the attainted thirteenth Lord Commander of the Night's Watch , has been suggested to have been a Stark. [26] The ancient Starks gradually defeated rival kings, such as the Barrow Kings to their south and the Red Kings to their east. [27] For several millennia, the Starks were not the uncontested Kings in the North. However, their primary antagonists, the Red Kings from House Bolton of the Dreadfort , swore fealty some thousand years ago, ending their flesh-flaying ways. Meanwhile, King Jon Stark drove pirates from the White Knife , and the Wolf's Den was built at its mouth. This stronghold was often granted to sons and grandsons of the King in the North; one such branch, the Greystarks , was extinguished after allying with the Boltons against the Starks. [28] King Jon's son, Rickard , defeated the Marsh King and married his daughter, bringing


What cocktail's original recipe contains the spirits tequila, vodka, light rum, triple sec, and gin, and has an alcohol content of 22%?

The Long Island Iced Tea Recipe and Variations Garnish with a  lemon wedge . Making a Better Long Island Iced Tea The problem with the Long Island is that it is often made too strong. Many bartenders (professional and amateur alike)  will over-pour the liquors . This not only makes the drink stronger, it also knocks the taste out of balance and reaches that point of too much booze (yes, there is such a thing). On the other hand, if this drink is treated with respect and the person pouring keeps in mind that taste is more important than potency, the Long Island Iced Tea is a good drink. Who Created the Long Island Iced Tea? The story of the LIIT is as sordid as its ingredient list and the disputes in the stories may be clouded by the drink itself. The 1970's credit for this concoction could go to Robert Bott, a bartender from Long Island. The Prohibition-era story credits Charles Bishop, a 1930's moonshiner in (then dry) Tennessee. Then there is the tale that the Long Island was an original drink of the T.G.I. Friday's franchise. The truth is that we may never know the truth. It is entirely possible that Bishop made it and the drink was forgotten for a few decades until Bott remade it. At some point, the restaurant probably caught wind of it and claimed it as their own (it's been known to happen). Again, we just don't know. Long Island Iced Tea Variations Once you learn how to make the Long Island, you may want to try one of the many recipes that followed it. They are all very similar and constructed in the same manner, they simple replace an ingredient here or there. Bartenders should know that a number of these drinks are just as popular as the Long Island. It will serve you well to at least have an understanding of what goes into each. They really are easy to remember if you do a little word association between the name and the ingredients. Long Beach Tea  - Everything in the Long Island, but the cola is replaced with cranberry juice. Miami Iced Tea  - Peach schnapps is added to the Long Beach, the tequila is dropped, and lemon-lime soda adds a bit of sparkle. Hawaiian Iced Tea  - Using the Long Island recipe, top this drink with pineapple juice and skip the cola. Electric Iced Tea  - Blue curacao replaces the triple sec and the soda is switched out to lemon-lime soda. It's a brilliant blue drink. Texas Tea  - Simply add bourbon to the Long Island for an even more potent mix. Some people mistakenly refer to this as a Long Island, but whiskey is not included in the original (or accepted) recipe. Raspberry Long Island Iced Tea  - The original LIIT with raspberry rum and vodka and lemon-lime soda instead of cola.  Tip: The same theory can apply to any flavored spirits available. Pair like infusions (ie. vanilla vodka and rum with cola, passion fruit vodka and tequila with citrus soda) and don’t be afraid to use your own infusions . The possibilities are endless. A few notes to help your memory: Think “5 white spirits” then adapt the drinks to fit the descriptive name. Sour mix is essential in most recipes.  Lemon-lime soda (7-Up, Sprite, etc.) is used in those with fruit. The Long Beach and the Hawaiian are the only two without soda (I associate that with the “healthy" lifestyle of both locations). The Miami is the only one to drop one of the 4 base liquors (in this case, tequila). How Strong is the Long Island Iced Tea? The Long Island is actually a deceptive cocktail. The six liquors make it seem like it would be a strong drink, but if you do the math, they add up to just 2 1/2 ounces total. If we were to use 80-proof liquors, a 60-proof triple sec, and top it with 2 ounces of soda, then it would be a relatively mild 16% ABV (32 proof) drink . That is about the same as a strong Rum & Coke . The Problem Is the Over Pour That is not to say that the LIIT cannot be a strong drink. If we get a zealous bartender who pours 1 ounce of each of the spirits and tops it with 1 ounce of cola (remember that ice takes up a lot of room ), the drink would be 21% ABV (42 proof). To put this into perspective, that is close to the avera


How many flakes of snow have to fall in the 24 hours of the 25th December anywhere in the UK to be classified as a White christmas?

Snow and Ice -- Christmas Customs and Traditions -- whychristmas?com Snow and Ice Records Why Snow and Ice? Snow, Ice and Christmas often go together, although why it should is a bit strange! There is no snow or ice in the Christmas story told in the Bible. However, snow does fall in Israel. Bethlehem and Jerusalem are on a range of hills that go north to south between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan valley. The top of these hills are about 1600 ft (500 m) high. The hills often have very cold weather from November to April and snow can often fall. So, although the Bible story may not have snow in it, Jesus may well have seen some snow in his life! The reason that we think of Snow and Ice at Christmas is portably down to the Victorians! Although Christmas was taken over from the Pagan winter solstice festivals in Europe, it was the Victorians who gave us our 'traditional' Christmas in Europe and the USA At the start of the Victorian era, (1837) Britain was in a mini ice age that was from about 1550 to 1850. During this time, in London, a winter fair was held on the frozen River Thames! One of the main reasons that the Victorians put Snow and Christmas together was the book 'A Christmas Carol' written in 1843 by Charles Dickens. It tells the story of a mean old business man called Ebenezer Scrooge who hates Christmas. During the night of Christmas Eve, he is visited by three ghosts, one of Christmas Past, one of Christmas Present and one of Christmas yet to come. They show him how mean he really is. He realises that making friends is more important than making money. When he wakes up on Christmas Day, he is a changed man and give lots of money and presents away. (If you don't know the story, I recommend that you read the book or see a film of the story! A very famous film of it was made in 1951 [4 years after Britain had some of its heaviest snow of the 1900's], but my favorite version is the Muppet Christmas Carol!!!) When Charles Dickens was a child, Britain had very heavy snow falls around Christmas, so when he wrote 'A Christmas Carol' he put lots of snow and ice in it! He also put snow at Christmas in some of his other books like 'The Pickwick Papers'. Charles Dicken's books were very popular (and still are!) so when the Victorians read the books, they thought of snow and Christmas together! One of the other reasons that Snow and Ice became popular in Victorian times is because Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, came from Germany where it was colder and he was used to lots of snow and ice being around at Christmas. He made Christmas Trees popular in the UK as well as lots of other Christmas traditions. Christmas Cards also started in Victorian times with pictures of snow scenes becoming very popular. White Christmas's Another connection between snow and Christmas is the Song "I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas" It was first recorded, in 1942, by Bing Crosby and came from a film called 'Holiday Inn', set in the snowy countryside of Vermont, U.S.A in December (there is a 75% chance of it snowing on Christmas Day in Vermont!). Irving Berlin wrote "I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas" and it only took only 18 minutes to record! The original version sung by Bing Crosby has sold at least 30 million copies. The song has also been recorded by many other people and groups and it has sold over 100 million copies in single versions (by all artists that have done it!). Until 1997, Bing Crosby's recording of 'White Christmas' was the top selling single of all time! #116033488 / gettyimages.com Lots of people nowadays are interested to see if they will have a 'White Christmas'. For most people, a White Christmas means a complete covering of snow on the ground where they live, with some snow falling on Christmas Day. However, the British definition, used by the UK Meteorological Office (who say if it has been a White Christmas or not!), is that a single snow flake has been seen falling in the 24 hours of Christmas Day! This doesn't happen a lot in the UK!!! Statistics show that in the UK, we get an official White Christmas a