Skip James, Willie Dixon, Robert Johnson and Son House are early exponents of?

Blues Discography - Anthologies | UO Libraries A African American music: an introduction. PERFORMERS: Leadbelly-The Temptations-Mahalia Jackson-Bessie Smith-Pinetop Smith-Sam Cooke and the Soul Stirrers-Scott Joplin-Louis Armstrong-Jelly Roll Morton-Fletcher -Miles Davis-Anthony Davis-Louis Jordan -The Five Satins-Chuck Berry-James Brown-Sugarhill Gang. NOTES: Music composed by African Americans, performed principally by African Americans. DOUGLASS COMPACT DISC CX4183 Afro-American blues and game songs. DOUGLASS PHONODISC DMdl 747 Performers include: Clifford Gibson, Edward Thompson and Marshall Owens DOUGLASS COMPACT DISC CX2947 The Atlanta blues. Performers include: Barbeque Bob, Lonnie Coleman, Tampa Red, Blind Willie mcTell, Charlie lincoln, Peg Leg Howell, Alec Johnson, Buddy Moss. DOUGLASS PHONODISC DMdl 608 B The Best of the Chicago blues . Performers include: Jimmy Cotton, Junior Wells, Otis Spann, Buddy Guy, Big Walter Horton, Johnny Young, Homesick James, J.B.Hutto. DOUGLASS PHONODISC DMds A540 Better boot that thing : great women blues singers of the 1920's. Performers:Alberta Hunter , Bessie Tucker, Victoria Spivey, Ida May Mack, vocals ; assisting artists. DOUGLASS COMPACT DISC CX3584 The blues : authorities discuss the birth of the blues. DOUGLASS CASSETTE 681M The blues. Performers include: v.1: Blind Lemon Jefferson, Papa Charlie Jackson, Henry Thomas, Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Sippie Wallace, Sara Martin, Leroy Carr, Barbecue Bob, Jaybird Coleman, Texas Alexander, Jim Jackson, Furry Lewis, Blind Willie Johnson, Cannon's Jug Stompers, Tommy Johnson. v. 2: Leroy Carr, Frank Stokes, Mississippi John Hurt, Peg Leg Howell, Lonnie Johnson, Charley Patton, Roosevelt Sykes, Memphis Minnie, Speckled Red, Sleepy John Estes, Memphis Jug Band, Mississippi Sheiks, Walter Davis, Son House, Skip James, Bumble Bee Slim, Blind Willie McTell, Big Bill Broonzy, Kokomo Arnold, Cripple Clarence Lofton, Carl Martin, Big Joe Williams. v. 3: Little Brother Montgomery, Robert Johnson, Peetie Wheatstraw, Sonny Boy Williamson, Jimmy Rushing, Joe Turner, Bukka White, Blind Boy Fuller, Tampa Red, Big Maceo, Washboard Sam, T-Bone Walker, Tommy McClennan, Louis Jordan, Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup, Charles Brown, Wynonie Harris, John Lee Hooker, Lightnin' Hopkins, Jimmy Witherspoon. v.4: Muddy Waters, Lowell Fulson, Aleck, Miller, Jimmy and Mama Yancey, Big Mama Thornton, Junior Parker, Junior Wells, Joe Williams, Howlin' Wolf, Elmore James, Memphis Slim, Bobby Blue Bland, Buddy Guy, Lightnin' Slim, Otis Rush, Jimmy Reed, Ray Charles, Henry Johnson, Latimore, John Cephas and Phil Wiggins. DOUGLASS COMPACT DISC CX3357 v.1- v.4 The blues at Newport, 1964. Performer(s): Fred MacDowell, Sleepy John Estes with Yank Rachel and Hammy Nixon, Doc Reese and Robert Pete Williams; Mississippi John Hurt, Skip James, Rev. Robert Wilkins, Elizabeth Cotton and Willie Doss. DOUGLASS PHONODISC DMds A2168 v.1- v.2 Blues masters: the essential blues collection. Volume 1, Urban blues. Performers include: Erskine Hawkins & his orchestra-Eddie Vinson-Jimmy Witherspoon-Dinah Washington-Johnny Otis Quintette, with The Robins & Little Esther-Pee Wee Crayton-Charles Brown-Joe Turner-Guitar Slim-Chuck Willis-Lowell Fulson-Count Basie & his orchestra; Joe Williams, vocals-Bobby "Blue" Bland-Otis Rush-T-Bone Walker-Junior Parker-Little Johnny Taylor-Albert King DOUGLASS COMPACT DISC CX3561 Blues masters: the essential blues collection. Volume 2, Postwar Chicago blues. PERFORMERS INCLUDE: Baby Face Leroy Trio--Muddy Waters-- Jimmy Rogers & His Trio-- Little Walter & The Night Cats -- Sonny Boy Williamson-- Johnny Shines-- Howlin' Wolf-- Bo Diddley-- Eddie Boyd-- Robert Jr. Lockwood-- J.B. Lenoir-- Jimmy Reed-- Jody Williams-- Otis Rush-- Magic Sam-- Buddy Guy-- Earl Hooker-- Junior Wells. DOUGLASS COMPACT DISC CX3586 Blues masters : the essential blues collection. Volume 4, Harmonica classics. Performers include:Little Walter & His Night Cats-Jimmy Reed-Jimmy Cotton Blues Quartet-Sonny Boy Williamson- Junior Wells Chicago Blues Band-The Paul But


What French magazine was first to publish naked pictures of the Duchess of Cambridge in 2012?

Kate Middleton Topless Photos: Nude Images Of The Duchess Of Cambridge Published In French Magazine Closer (POLL) | The Huffington Post Kate Middleton Topless Photos: Nude Images Of The Duchess Of Cambridge Published In French Magazine Closer (POLL) 09/14/2012 05:44 am ET | Updated Jul 03, 2013 4.1k French tabloid Closer magazine published a series of photos of Kate Middleton sunbathing topless on Friday, sending shockwaves around the world and provoking a stern statement from the palace as the royal family still reels from the Prince Harry naked photo scandal . Closer's grainy photos (obviously taken with a long lens) depict Kate Middleton sunbathing topless with Prince William on a balcony at a 19th century hunting lodge in southern France, in early September. "OH MY GOD!", the cover breathlessly proclaims of the "world exclusive," on top of a montage of uncensored pictures. Inside, there's a five-page spread of the couple relaxing, obviously oblivious to the lurking paparazzi. In one photo, Middleton is seen removing her bikini top; in another, she's seen rubbing suntan lotion on Will's back. In another, William rubs suntan lotion on her almost-bare bottom. Closer also said Kate was spotted smoking a cigarette as the couple walked out of nearby Marseille airport where they arrived on a commercial flight. In a swift move, St. James Palace fired off a statement condemning the photos: "Their Royal Highnesses have been hugely saddened to learn that a French publication and a photographer have invaded their privacy in such a grotesque and totally unjustifiable manner. The incident is reminiscent of the worst excesses of the press and paparazzi during the life of Diana, Princess of Wales, and all the more upsetting to the duke and duchess for being so. Their Royal Highnesses had every expectation of privacy in the remote house. It is unthinkable that anyone should take such photographs, let alone publish them." Officials aside, the topless paparazzi photos have already provoked outrage from British media , and UK papers will likely refuse to print the pics in the same way that many outlets -- save for the Sun, which eventually relented -- declined to post the Prince Harry nude photos. 2012 has been a brutal year for royal family privacy, but this isn't the first time the royal family was the target of peeping Tom photographers: Pippa Middleton topless photos emerged last year when photographers spied the royal sis sunbathing on a boat in Ibiza, and bikini photos of Kate Middleton (pre-wedding) abound online. And way back in 1992, topless photos of Sarah Ferguson, then the Duchess of York, having her toes sucked by an American businessman shocked the world. In other sensational stories, earlier this month a distant cousin of Catherine's, Katrina Darling, posed topless for Playboy, and in a TMZ photo we're pretty sure no one wants to see , Prince Phillip flashed the world in a kilt recently. The photo bombshell comes as the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are touring Asia in a nine-day trip in honor of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. Catherine has already been making headlines with rumors that she's pregnant -- we're sure a photo scandal is the last thing the couple needs. UPDATE: As TMZ reports, the royal family has decided to sue Closer over the photos. According to a statement released today by St. James's Palace, "legal proceedings for breach of privacy have been commenced today in France" by the royal couple. Closer's editor, however, stands by the decision to publish the pics, saying, "These are pictures that are full of joy. The pictures are not degrading." See the best photos of Kate (with her clothes on)! The 70 Best Pictures Of Kate Middleton The Duchess Of Cambridge The 70 Best Pictures Of Kate Middleton The Duchess Of Cambridge 1


Scientists announced in 2012 that more than 1,000 of what creatures (formica lugubris) had been fitted with tiny radio transmitters to study the species?

Newsletter | Marconi Veterans Association Marconi Veterans Association Please click on the title Newsletter 2016 above to open the full document with the index and on any picture in this newsletter to open a larger image. Peter Turrall, MVA Chairman Essex Chronicle photograph Following the presentation of an Honorary Degree of Technology at Anglia Ruskin University on Wednesday 7th October, Princess Elettra Marconi Giovanelli, the daughter of our founder Guglielmo Marconi, accompanied by her son and daughter-in-law Prince Guglielmo and Princess Victoria Marconi Giovanelli with hosts Chairman Peter Turrall and his wife Jean toured various establishments in the Chelmsford area which had some connection in the past to Marconi’s. At a dinner on Wednesday evening at the University where the Vice Chancellor and learned Professors together with the directors of Anglia Ruskin were present, Princess Elettra thanked all concerned in honouring her with the degree which she accepted with great pleasure. The following day a rapid tour took place.  First stop was the Marconi building in New Street, now the home of Benefit Cosmetics, an American-based organisation selling various cosmetics in the UK.  We were received here by Ian Marshall the MD and his staff who gave us an excellent tour of their building.  The original front reception area together with the Edwardian staircase is still present, but the whole of the inside has been completely brightened with light walls/ceilings etc.  The front offices depict many wireless set replicas and photographs and it was a real pleasure to see how much recognition of the work of Marconi’s has been displayed. All the staff were anxious to know the history of the Company and what took place in the building.  Photographs and more details of our history will be given to the Benefit company which they will gladly display in one of the rooms. There is a number of modifications inside the building. The Directors’ Luncheon Club has been completely renovated and the partition at the rear where small dining rooms were situated, together with the kitchen area, has been removed.  The rear area has been blocked off and a small entrance door adjacent to the old surgery has been installed.  The area where the old organisation for travel arrangements and part of the photographic department is now one very large room. My old office, once used by Marconi himself, is a reception area and on the wall various wireless sets are arranged.  The whole organisation from MD down were delighted to see the Princess and are eager to learn more about the work of the Marconi Company. The next visit was to All Saints Church Writtle where Princess Elettra saw for the first time the Marconi/Platt coloured glass window which was opened by her son some fifteen years earlier.  Due to a broken ankle at that time she was unable to come to the UK herself to perform the opening ceremony.  Following this was a visit to Melba Court Writtle where Marconi had his experimental laboratories and where work started on what became wireless broadcasting. Then a quick visit to Chelmsford City Museum in Oaklands Park where all the Marconi equipment including cameras, and other communication items were on display.  It was then a short journey to BBC Essex in London Road to visit the plaque depicting the opening of the Chelmsford Station by Princess Elettra’s Mother, Maria Cristina Marconi. A final trip to the Marconi statue at the rear of Chelmsford bus station ended the very quick tour of Chelmsford before the Marconi family were driven to Heathrow Airport for their flight back to Rome. Please click on the title Newsletter 2015 above to open the full document with the index and on any picture in this newsletter to open a larger image. Peter Turrall, MVA Chairman New Street, January 2015 According to recent reports from our local newspaper The Essex Chronicle, Chelmsford City Council is contemplating changing the dozen or so large brown signs on all the entries to our county town of Chelmsford which state ‘Chelmsford the Birthplace of Radio’. Thes


In writing or speech the Latin term 'non sequitur' means 'It does not (what?)'?

Definition and Examples of Non Sequiturs continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge "We realize that it would be in the best interest of the community and our children to address the issue expeditiously. In order to make this happen, I respectfully request an eight-month payment delay calling for payment of the $10 million obligation on August 31, 2015." (Savannah City Manager Stephanie Cutter in a letter to the city's superintendent of schools; reported in the Savannah Morning News, April 3, 2014)   "Warming was caused by sunspots, or fluctuations in the Earth's orbit, or volcanic eruptions. Therefore it cannot be caused by mankind. The 'therefore' is the giveaway, the delicious non sequitur: just because Earth has warmed for one or another reason in the past is no reason why it cannot warm for a completely different reason in the future." (John Llewellyn, "In a Confusing Climate." The Observer, September 2, 2007)   A Philosopher's Non Sequitur "Immanuel Kant, considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of the modern period, would manage to let slip what is surely the greatest non-sequitur in the history of philosophy: describing a report of something seemingly intelligent that had once been said by an African, Kant dismisses it on the grounds that 'this fellow was quite black from head to toe, a clear proof that what he said was stupid.'" (Justin E.H. Smith, "The Enlightenment's Race Problem, and Ours." The New York Times, February 10, 2013)   Obvious Non Sequiturs "Non sequiturs are most obvious when absurd. For instance, from the facts that most cats like milk and some cats have tails I could not derive the conclusion that David Hume was the greatest British philosopher. That would be a complete non sequitur that borders on the surreal, whether or not its conclusion is true. Non sequiturs are often advertised by the spurious use of 'so' and 'therefore' . . ., but the context of a statement can also suggest that it is a conclusion derived from what has gone before even when there is no such word used to indicate it. "Any formal fallacy will have a non sequitur as its conclusion, though most of these non sequiturs will be less obvious than the one above." (Nigel Warburton, Thinking from A to Z. Routledge, 1996)   Non Sequiturs in Newspapers "Non sequiturs are most often encountered in newspapers, where constructions such as the following are common: 'Slim, of medium height, and with sharp features, Mr. Smith's technical skills are combined with strong leadership qualities' (New York Times). What, we might ask, do Mr. Smith's height and features have to do with his leadership qualities?” (Bill Bryson, Bryson's Dictionary of Troublesome Words: A Writer's Guide to Getting It Right. Anchor, 2002)   The Post Hoc and the Non Sequitur "The difference between the post hoc and the non sequitur fallacies is that, whereas the post hoc fallacy is due to lack of a causal connection, in the non sequitur fallacy, the error is due to lack of a logical connection." (Mabel Lewis Sahakian, Ideas of the Great Philosophers. Barnes & Noble, 1993)


What word from French is a small maneuverable warship and iconic Chevrolet sports car?

CORVETTE PACE CAR FOR SALE | CORVETTE PACE CAR FOR SALE CORVETTE PACE CAR FOR SALE CORVETTE PACE CAR FOR SALE   Corvette Pace Car For Sale pace car a high-performance car that leads a parade of competing cars through the pace lap and then pulls off the course The car that leads the competitors around the course before the race begins. A car that sets the pace and positions racers for a rolling start in a warm-up lap or laps before a race, or that returns to control the pace in temporarily hazardous conditions In motorsport, a safety car or pace car is a car which limits the speed of competing cars on a racetrack in the case of a caution period such as an obstruction on the track. During a caution period the safety car enters the track ahead of the leader. for sale purchasable: available for purchase; “purchasable goods”; “many houses in the area are for sale” For Sale is the fifth album by German pop band Fool’s Garden, released in 2000. For Sale is a tour EP by Say Anything. It contains 3 songs from …Is a Real Boy and 2 additional b-sides that were left off the album. corvette A small warship designed for convoy escort duty a highly maneuverable escort warship; smaller than a destroyer The Chevrolet Corvette is sports car produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors. The first model was designed by Harley Earl and introduced at the GM Motorama in 1953. Myron Scott is credited for naming the car after the Corvette, a small, maneuverable warship. A sailing warship with one tier of guns A corvette is a small, maneuverable, lightly armed warship, originally smaller than a frigate (2000+ tons) and larger than a coastal patrol craft or Fast Attack Craft (500 or fewer tons) , although many recent designs resemble frigates in size and role. corvette pace car for sale – Merrell Women's Merrell Women's Pace Glove Barefoot Running Shoes – Caribbean Sea 8 – Regular We’ve all heard the phrase less is more, and Merrell delivers just this with the Pace Glove Barefoot Running Shoes for women. Truly designed for a woman’s foot, these minimalist running shoes will rock your world and have you preaching the less is more mantra. Featuring a Vibram sole and a 1-mm forefoot shock absorption plate, these lightweight runners offer the protection, flexibility and traction you need and less of the over-cushioned performance that you don’t. The tough rubber outsoles are mated with ultra-lightweight uppers that feature a unique synthetic leather foot sling for support and glove-like fit. A fused rubber toe bumper adds durability and protection on and off road. Discover the minimalist running shoe movement with the Merrell Pace Glove shoes and set yourself free. Corvette Indy Pace Car In 1978 the Corvette was chosen to be the pace car for the Indianapolis 500, and of course a special edition of the car was produced for sale. I do not know if this car is a genuine pace car, but it does have the correct paint job, and frankly it makes for a very attractive racing car. Chevy Corvette Pace Car This is a Chevy Corvette Pace car, of course. Its for sale at I think it’s called Holt Auto Sales, in Holt Mi. Well last time I knew it was any way. corvette pace car for sale Through hundreds of rare and unpublished photos from GM’s media and design archives and in-depth text by renowned Corvette historian Randy Leffingwell, Corvette Sixty Years celebrates the first six decades of America’s sports car, covering the revolution and evolution of America’s longest continuously produced nameplate, from Harley Earl’s initial concept to the latest 60th anniversary edition built to celebrate the Vette’s 60th year. Created in cooperation with General Motors, the book focuses as much on the Corvette’s place in popular culture as it does on the engineering and design history. This book offers something for everyone who has ever lusted after a Vette. From the inaugural 1953 Corvette to today’s stunning sixth-generation car, Corvette Sixty Years touches on all aspects of Chevrolet’s iconic sports car: history, racing, period ads, posters, memorabilia, key designers l


Hallertauer, Saaz, Cascade, and East Kent Goldings are varieties of what alcoholic drink ingredient?

Choosing Hops Choosing Hops Author:  Larry Lesterud Issue: November 1999 Hops occupy an exalted place among the building blocks that make a great beer. There's something special about an ingredient that can make a beer bitter and give it a delicate aroma, too. Every brew with a new or unfamiliar hop variety becomes an experience made special by aromas sweet, pungent, floral, perfumy, or citrusy. And what brewer hasn't celebrated hops to the point of making a beer so overhopped that only the brewer could (begrudgingly, yet still in denial) drink the bitter elixir? There are dozens of hop varieties, and hops from every major growing region are readily available to U.S. homebrewers. In addition, hop breeders throughout the world introduce new varieties each year. Choosing the right hops for your brew can seem difficult amid all the options. The three best known growing regions are Germany, England, and the Pacific Northwest. Beer styles originally developed because brewers used indigenous grains and hops and local water. Climate and soil conditions dictated what grains and hops could be grown and thus defined the flavors of the beers that could be brewed. Pilsner beers, named for the city of Plzen in what is now the Czech Republic, became nearly synonymous with the noble hops (define noble hops before this), most particularly the grassy and slightly spicy aroma of Czech Saaz hops. Today, Saaz hops are almost exclusively reserved for lager beers, because their aroma is so distinctly associated with the style. In Britain the English Golding hop was cultivated circa 1775, and in 1875 the Fuggle hop was introduced. These two, the most widely known English hops, became the signature of English ales. Golding varieties in particular have been prized. The hops company HopUnion USA in its catalogue describes East Kent Goldings as "the undisputed finest ale hop in the world." The heavier and maltier profiles of English ales are perfectly balanced by the sweet and slightly cloying aromas and flavors of Goldings and other English varieties. In the United States, where so much of the culture has been borrowed from others, including the brewing traditions, two hops stand out. They are the most widely grown aroma varieties in the United States: Willamette and Cascade. Both are cultivars (define) of Fuggle. Perhaps because of the popularity of Sierra Nevada Pale Ale, both an American beer style and an American hop cultivar have become the standard for the western region of the country. Sierra Nevada uses ample Cascade hops in the boil for its pale ale, and the Sierra Nevada Pale Ale has become the exemplar of the American pale ale style. An American pale ale might be judged closest to style if it has ample Cascade aroma, while Goldings would be the hop of choice for an English ale. German beers most often employ noble hops such as Saaz, Hallertauer, and Tettnanger. Hops are available in domestic and imported varieties, for instance German Hallertauer and American-grown Hallertauer. While these are from the same breeding stock, the cultivars vary because of harvest year variances, soil conditions in the regions, and climatic conditions. Many of the world's great hops are grown in the United States and have been grown from cuttings or seed from the original stock. There are also cultivars of European origin that have been selectively bred in the United States to create a new hop. American Hallertauer derivatives include Liberty, Mt. Hood, Crystal, and Ultra. These might have aroma characteristics similar to the German Hallertauer, but essential oils and alpha-acid contents vary from the original cultivar. Some of these hops can replace Hallertauer suitably, though many brewers argue that there is nothing like the original. Making a Choice Characteristics to look for when selecting a hop cultivar are alpha acid content, co-humulone content, use as bittering or aroma, beer style associations and traditions, aroma and flavor characteristics, and pedigree. Alpha-acid content has a direct correlation to the bitterness expected of a hop. The highe


What island nation began modernizing reforms in the early 2000s when leadership passed from brother to brother?

The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency Afghanistan Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN. A UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan, and the National Assembly was inaugurated the following December. KARZAI was reelected in August 2009 for a second term. The 2014 presidential election was the country's first to include a runoff, which featured the top two vote-getters from the first round, Abdullah ABDULLAH and Ashraf GHANI. Throughout the summer of 2014, their campaigns disputed the results and traded accusations of fraud, leading to a US-led diplomatic intervention that included a full vote audit as well as political negotiations between the two camps. In September 2014, GHANI and ABDULLAH agreed to form the Government of National Unity, with GHANI inaugurated as president and ABDULLAH elevated to the newly-created position of chief executive officer. The day after the inauguration, the GHANI administration signed the US-Afghan Bilateral Security Agreement and NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which provide the legal basis for the post-2014 international military presence in Afghanistan. Despite gains toward building a stable central government, the Taliban remains a serious challenge for the Afghan Government in almost every province. The Taliban still considers itself the rightful government of Afghanistan, and it remains a capable and confident insurgent force despite its last two spiritual leaders being killed; it continues to declare that it will pursue a peace deal with Kabul only after foreign military forces depart. Akrotiri By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area. Albania Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents. Albania has made progress in its democratic development since first holding multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. Most of Albania's post-communist elections were marred by claims of electoral fraud; however, international observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and i


What element did Marie Curie name after her native land?

What element is named after Marie Curie? | Reference.com What element is named after Marie Curie? A: Quick Answer The element curium is named after both Pierre and Marie Curie. The Curies discovered the elements polonium and radium; Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize for these discoveries in 1903. Curium was named in honor of their contributions to the field of radioactivity. Full Answer Curium is a radioactive solid metal. Its atomic symbol is Cm, and its atomic number is 96. It was produced by scientists working at UC-Berkeley in 1944 who bombarded plutonium-239 with alpha particles. Curium has only been produced in milligram amounts, so no commercial use has been discovered. Several compounds have been created by scientists, such as curium dioxide, curium chloride, curium iodide and curium bromide. These compounds are primarily used for basic research.


A phlebotomist historically used what creature as a tool of the trade?

Origins of Phlebotomy – Phlebotomy Certification Phlebotomy training and certification information Origins of Phlebotomy Phlebotomy is translated from the Greek work Phlebos, vein, and the word tome, incision into. While many believe the origins of phlebotomy were developed by Hippocrates in the 400’s B.C., some references point as far back as the Stone Age, when veins were punctured by crude tools to allow for bloodletting.The act of bloodletting is one of the oldest medical practices in the world, used for over 2000 years until the evolution of modern medicine. One of the first Greek physicians to use bloodletting frequently was Archagathus, after which it became quite popular. Bloodletting was practiced in ancient Greece and Egypt, continued down through the Renaissance period, when bloodletting calendars were available to remind people to frequently ‘breathe a vein’. Used in both Indian and Arabic medicine, the practice of bloodletting continued until after the second Industrial Revolution. The body was believed to contain four humors, or fluids: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm and blood. The four humors, responsible for a persons’ health, were modeled after the four classic Greek elements – earth, air, fire, and water. If one or more of the ‘humors’ became imbalanced, that person would become ill or diseased. The treatment was to purge the body of these humor imbalances by bloodletting, vomiting and purging. Additionally, if there was too much blood in the patient’s body, called plethoras or an overabundance, the treatment prescribed included bloodletting, sweating, vomiting and dieting. Hippocrates also believed that women had menstruation to automatically ‘purge’ them of harmful humors. A student of his, Galen, further examined the four humors and determined of the four, blood was the most dominant and in need of control. In addition to purging by bloodletting and vomiting, Galen recommended diarrhetics to induce urination. Bloodletting or ‘breathing a vein,’ was believed to cure stroke, infections, inflammation and even mental disorders such as psychosis. Patients were bled for fevers, arthritis and depression. There is even evidence that bloodletting was used to cure broken bones. Physicians advised people of the best astrological charts for which to ‘let blood.’ Strict and complex laws were written by the Talmudic authors for the practice of bloodletting. Monks performed bloodletting every few months to maintain their good health. Draining the body of blood could frequently lead to syncope, a patient fainting. This was considered a good sign, that the bloodletting was successful, and typically signaled the end of the bloodletting session. Bloodletting was a cure-all, heavily advertised and recommended for a myriad of symptoms. Perhaps the most positive benefit of bloodletting was never advertised – its ability to offer patients hope. As a panacea, bleeding the patient was something that could be done by a physician, rather than leave the patient in hopeless despair. In an age when medicine offered little hope or understanding of serious disease and illness, bloodletting allowed the patient to focus on returning to health. For some, bloodletting was inadvertently able to help their symptoms. Very little was understood about the human body at that time. For a patient with frequent headaches and dizziness, bloodletting most like would have been ordered. While actually suffering from high blood pressure, the bloodletting may have actually cured the symptoms by creating anemia, which can lower pressure. For most, however, bloodletting either did not help or was harmful. For those debilitated and ill, regular bloodletting further weakening them, resulting in death.George Washington was repeatedly exposed to cold weather, giving him a rather serious throat infection. He then requested bloodletting. Unfortunately, an astounding four pounds of blood, totaling 1.7 liters, was bled from his body. He died of the throat infection in 1799. There were several techniques for bloodletting. The first was for the Phlebotomist to


A sophomore is typically a student in which year of university?

How old are sophomores? | Reference.com How old are sophomores? A: Quick Answer A sophomore in high school is typically 15 or 16 years old, while a college sophomore is 19 to 20 years old. A sophomore is a student in the second year of high school or college in the United States. A high school sophomore is in the 10th grade. The word "sophomore" may be a derivation from two Greek words meaning "wise" and "foolish." Full Answer Sophomore year in college is sometimes a stressful time as many students are required to choose their majors by the end of their sophomore year. Some colleges establish programs to help sophomores make these decisions and follow them through the rest of their college years. In high school, sophomore year is when the earliest stages of planning for college begin, which puts pressure on students to do well and get a good grade point average. High school sophomores typically take a math class that can range from algebra to precalculus, a world literature class, a lab science class and a world history class. Advanced Placement classes are sometimes available to sophomores who are more academically advanced. The concept of a "sophomore" is also used in Japan, the Philippines and English-language schools in Saudi Arabia. Most of the rest of the world does not use this terminology.


The Starbucks coffee corporation took its name from what classic novel?

How Starbucks got its name - Seattle's Big Blog Seattle's Big Blog How Starbucks got its name By Amy Rolph on June 29, 2012 at 4:49 PM Print Well, you learn something new every day. A lot of folks out there probably already know how Seattle got its name — but I was not one of them. Then today I stumbled across an old interview The Seattle Times conducted with Starbucks co-founder Gordon Bowker. If you already know the story, you can stop reading here. You might remember from a high school English class that Starbuck was the first mate in Herman Melville’s “Moby-Dick.” That’s not a coincidence. Depending on who’s telling the story, the Starbucks founders arrived at the moniker after considering naming the company after the whaling ship in the novel or after an old town near Mount Rainier. From The Seattle Times interview with (a very frank) Bowker : Q: How did you come up with the name “Starbucks”? A: It’s sort of like writing the Council of Nicaea, choosing which Gospels to include in the New Testament. Some are apocryphal and some are factual. My recollection is this: We were thinking of all kinds of names and came desperately close to calling it Cargo House, which would have been a terrible, terrible mistake. Terry Heckler [with whom Bowker owned an advertising agency] mentioned in an offhand way that he thought words that begin with “st” were powerful words. I thought about that and I said, yeah, that’s right, so I did a list of “st” words. Somebody somehow came up with an old mining map of the Cascades and Mount Rainier, and there was an old mining town called Starbo. As soon as I saw Starbo, I, of course, jumped to Melville’s first mate [named Starbuck] in Moby-Dick. But Moby-Dick didn’t have anything to do with Starbucks directly; it was only coincidental that the sound seemed to make sense. A lot of times you’ll see references to the coffee-loving first mate of the Pequod. And then somebody said to me, well no, it wasn’t that he loved coffee in the book, it was that he loved coffee in the movie. I don’t think even Scarecrow Video has a copy of that movie. Moby-Dick has nothing to do with coffee as far as I know. I haven’t seen a film adaptation of “Moby-Dick,” but I’m with Bowker on this one — I don’t recall Starbuck guzzling coffee in the book. And he’s sure not drinking coffee in this movie scene with Gregory Peck from 1956. Starbuck was also the name of a well-known family of whalers in Nantucket, possibly where Melville got the name for his character. Howard Schultz noted in his 2011 book “Pour Your Heart Into It” that Bowker and other investors discussed naming the company Pequod after the ship in “Moby-Dick.” Then they decided no one would want to drink a cup of ” Pee-quod.” Agreed. Visit seattlepi.com’s home page for more Seattle news . Contact Amy Rolph at amyrolph@seattlepi.com . Find more of her stories on Twitter via @amyrolph and @bigblog or subscribe to her updates on Facebook . amyrolph


Google's prior name while under development was 'Back(what?)'?

Our history in depth – Company – Google 1995-1997 1995 Larry Page and Sergey Brin meet at Stanford. Larry, 22, a U        Michigan grad, is considering the school; Sergey, 21, is assigned to show him around. 1996 Larry and Sergey begin collaborating on a search engine called BackRub . BackRub operates on       Stanford servers for more than a year—eventually taking up too much bandwidth. 1997 Google.com is registered as a domain on September 15. The name—a play on the word       "googol," a mathematical term for the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by       100 zeros—reflects Larry and Sergey's mission to organize a seemingly infinite amount       of information on the web. 1998 April Larry launches a monthly " Google Friends Newsletter " to inform       fans about company news. (We've since shut down Google Friends Newsletter in favor of       blogs, Google+ and other methods of sharing       news .) August Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim writes a check for $100,000 to an entity that       doesn't exist yet—a company called Google Inc. Before heading to the Burning Man festival in the Nevada desert, Larry and Sergey       incorporate the iconic Man into the logo to keep people informed       about where the Google crew would be for a few days—our first doodle . September On September 4, Google files for incorporation in California. Larry and Sergey open       a bank account in the newly-established company's name and deposit Andy Bechtolsheim's       check. Google sets up workspace in Susan Wojcicki's garage on Santa Margarita Ave., Menlo       Park, Calif. Larry and Sergey hire their first employee. Craig       Silverstein is a fellow CS grad student at Stanford who works at Google for 10+       years before joining education startup Khan Academy. December "PC Magazine" reports that Google "has an uncanny knack for returning extremely relevant        results" and recognizes us as the search engine of choice in the Top 100 Web Sites        for 1998. 1999 February We outgrow our garage office and move to new digs at 165 University       Avenue in Palo Alto with just eight employees. April Yoshka, our first "company" dog, comes to work with our senior vice president of operations, Urs Hölzle. May Omid Kordestani joins to run sales—employee #11. Ten years later, Omid steps down       from his active role in the company, becoming a senior advisor. June Our first       press release announces a $25 million round from Sequoia Capital and Kleiner       Perkins; John Doerr and Michael Moritz join the board. August We move to our first Mountain View location: 2400       Bayshore . Mountain View is a few miles south of Stanford University, and north of       the older towns of Silicon Valley: Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, San Jose. November We hire our first chef, Charlie       Ayers (his previous claim to fame was catering for the Grateful Dead; he now owns a       cafe in Palo Alto). Today Google's food programs focus on providing healthy,       sustainably sourced food to fuel Googlers around the world. 2000 April We announce the MentalPlex : Google's       ability to read your mind as you visualize the search results you want. Thus begins our       annual foray in the Silicon Valley tradition of April 1 hoaxes. May We win our first Webby Awards: Technical Achievement (voted by judges) and Peoples'       Voice (voted by users). We run a series of       doodles featuring a little alien—our first doodle series and the first doodle not       associated with any particular event. The first 10 language versions of Google.com are released : French, German, Italian, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch,        Norwegian and Danish. Today, search is available in 150+ languages. July Our first international doodle celebrates Bastille Day in France. September Google New York starts        in a Starbucks on 86th Stree


What, related etymologically to the Chinese Yuan and the Japanese Yen, is the currency of North and South Korea?

North Korea (조선) - Mark Your Coin North Korea (조선) Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 (Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk) Other names: Korea DPR, DPRK 100 chon (single: chon) = 1 North Korean won (single: won)  [KPW] Symbols: ₩ (won) National identification and other marks National emblem The emblem of North Korea shows a radiating five-pointed star (symbol of communism) above the Paektu Mountain and the Sup'ung Dam. The whole is flanked by ears of rice. On the bottom is a banner with the text "조선민주주의인민공화국의 국" in Chosongul characters, which means: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Drawing of the national emblem of North Korea as it appears on coins Photograph of the national emblem of North Korea as it appears on coins Currency Won in Korean: "원" The won is the national currency of North Korea. The name of the currency is closely related to the Chinese yuan and the Japanese yen.  Chon in Korean: "전"


Former butler Paolo Gabriele was convicted in 2012 of stealing documents, and subsequently leaking secrets, of what major international leadership headquarters?

Money Laundering of the Whore in News Concerning False Prophet/Antichrist (Bishop of Rome) Forum Associated Press vatican_927.jpg May 2, 2012: Pope Benedict XVI arrives in St. Peter's square at the Vatican for a general audience as his then-butler Paolo Gabriele, bottom, and his personal secretary Georg Gaenswein sit in the car with him. (AP) VATICAN CITY – There was a time when a Vatican trial could end with a heretic being burned at the stake. Paolo Gabriele doesn't risk nearly as dire a fate, but he and the Holy See face a very public airing over the gravest security breach in the Vatican's recent history following the theft and leaking of the pope's personal papers. Gabriele, the pope's once-trusted butler, goes on trial Saturday, accused of stealing the pope's documents and passing them off to a journalist -- a sensational, Hollywood-like scandal that exposed power struggles, intrigue and allegations of corruption in the highest levels of the Catholic Church. Gabriele is charged with aggravated theft and faces up to four years in prison if convicted by the three-judge Vatican tribunal. He has already confessed and asked to be pardoned by the pope -- something most Vatican watchers say is a given if he is convicted -- making the trial almost a formality. It's the most high-profile case to come to the Vatican tribunal since its creation with the 1929 birth of the Vatican city state. The only other one that comes close was aborted before it began: the 1998 killing of the Swiss Guard commander and his wife allegedly by a disgruntled subordinate never came about because the suspect committed suicide. To be sure, trials are nothing new at the Vatican: In 2011 alone, 640 civil cases and 226 penal cases were processed by the Vatican's judiciary, though only a handful actually came to trial. And that's not counting the marriage annulments, clerical sex abuse cases and other church law matters that come before the Vatican's ecclesial courts. Yet this case will cast an unusually bright spotlight on the Vatican's legal system, which is based on the 19th-century Italian criminal code, and the rather unique situation in which the pope is essentially the victim and supreme judge in this case. The Vatican is an elective absolute monarchy, with the pope having full executive, legislative and judicial authority. He delegates that power through executive appointments, legislative commissions and tribunals. But he can intervene to stop a trial from starting, can pardon someone once convicted and the sentence is issued in his name. Giovanni Giacobbe, the Vatican's appeals court prosecutor, insisted that despite the pope's authority, Vatican judges are wholly independent. "The judges have never received pressure to decide in one direction or another," he told reporters at a Vatican briefing Thursday. "The pope can't tell the tribunal what to do." Gabriele was arrested May 24 after Vatican police found what prosecutors called an "enormous" stash of documents from the pope's desk in his Vatican City apartment. Many of those documents appeared in the book "His Holiness: Pope Benedict XVI's secret papers," by Gianluigi Nuzzi, an Italian journalist whose earlier book on the Vatican bank caused a sensation. Gabriele later confessed to passing the documents off to Nuzzi, hoping to expose what he considered the "evil and corruption" in the church, according to prosecutors. They described Gabriele as a devout but misguided would-be whistle-blower who believed the Holy Spirit had inspired him to protect and inform the pope about the problems around him. "I was sure that a shock, even a media one, would have been healthy to bring the Church back on the right track," prosecutors quoted Gabriele as saying during a June interrogation. Gabriele is being tried along with a co-defendant, Claudio Sciarpelletti, a computer expert in the Secretariat of State who is charged with aiding and abetting Gabriele. While the Vatican legal system will be on display during the trial, so too will be the peculiarities of the Vatican city state itself, the world's smal


A costermonger was/is a traditional street-seller of?

What does costermonger mean? Webster Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Costermonger(noun) an apple seller; a hawker of, or dealer in, any kind of fruit or vegetables; a fruiterer Origin: [See Costard.] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Costermonger Costermonger, Coster or Costard is a street seller of fruit and vegetables, in London and other British towns. They were ubiquitous in mid-Victorian England, and some are still found in markets. As usual with street-sellers, they would use a loud sing-song cry or chant to attract attention. Their cart might be stationary at a market stall, or mobile. The term is derived from the words costard and monger; i.e., seller. Costers met a need for rapid food distribution from the central markets. Their membership as a coster was signalled by their large neckerchief, known as a kingsman, tied round their necks. Their hostility towards the police was legendary. The term is now often used to describe hawkers in general; sometimes a distinction is made between the two: a costermonger sells from a handcart or animal-drawn cart, while a hawker carries his wares in a basket. Numerology The numerical value of costermonger in Chaldean Numerology is: 5 Pythagorean Numerology


Who is (at 2012) the only person to have won a Nobel Prize for physics and chemistry?

Nobel prize in chemistry 2012 for work on cell receptors: as it happened | Science | The Guardian Nobel prizes Nobel prize in chemistry 2012 for work on cell receptors: as it happened Americans Robert J Lefkowitz and Brian K Kobilka have won this year's chemistry Nobel for their work on G-protein-coupled receptors, which allow cells to sense light, flavour, odour and receive signals from hormones and neurotransmitters Pictures of the winners – Robert Lefkowitz (left) and Brian Kobilka – are projected on a screen as Staffan Normark (centre) of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences makes the announcement in Stockholm. Photograph: Jonathan Nackstrand/AFP/Getty Images Nobel prizes Nobel prize in chemistry 2012 for work on cell receptors: as it happened Americans Robert J Lefkowitz and Brian K Kobilka have won this year's chemistry Nobel for their work on G-protein-coupled receptors, which allow cells to sense light, flavour, odour and receive signals from hormones and neurotransmitters Wednesday 10 October 2012 06.21 EDT First published on Wednesday 10 October 2012 10.43 EDT 3.26pm BST Kobilka's response to the prize At last we have a few comments from Brian Kobilka. It seems his disbelief on hearing the news matched that of Lefkowitz this morning. The west coast has to be one of the worst time zones in which to receive a call from Stockholm. In a statement from Stanford University, he said: I didn't believe it at first, but after I spoke with about five people — they handed the phone around — with really convincing Swedish accents, I started to think it was for real. and went on to speak about the discovery: It was so exciting to see this three-dimensional structure and finally know how these transmembrane regions interact during signaling. And with that parting shot we will leave the Nobel prize in chemistry for another year. Thanks to all for watching and enjoying the prizes with us. Brian Kobilka speaking on the phone after the announcement as the world's media converge on his home in Palo Alto. Photograph: Linda A Cicero/AFP/Getty Images Updated 12.30pm BST The first Nobel in chemistry for two MDs? David Kroll, a blogger at Terra Sigillata , believes this may be the first Nobel prize in chemistry awarded to two medical doctors. I asked David Phillips (see interview below) about the biological emphasis of this year's Nobel prize in chemistry. Here's what he makes of it: The field of chemical biology is burgeoning because at its heart, at the heart of certainly cell biology, is an understanding at the molecular level of what's going on and that's chemistry essentially. So other sorts of chemistry are still going on and still very important, but this level of understanding which has been made possible by advances in techniques over the last 20 years or so is crucial to mankind. I'm not worried at all that many of my colleagues are working in what is essentially a biological field, because I think it's so crucial that we understand the molecular processes that are going on in cells in animal and human bodies. The award of this year's chemistry Nobel prize to Robert Lefkowitz (left) and Brian Kobilka demonstrates how the distinctions between the disciplines of chemistry and biology have been breaking down . Photograph: AFP/Getty Images Updated 12.25pm BST Lefkowitz: the backstory The Howard Hughes Medical Institute in the US has posted some of the history behind Robert Lefkowitz's discoveries on their website. Here is a taster: For a long time, it remained a mystery how cells could sense their environment. Scientists knew that hormones such as adrenalin had powerful effects: increasing blood pressure and making the heart beat faster. They suspected that cell surfaces contained some kind of recipient for hormones. But what these receptors actually consisted of and how they worked remained obscured for most of the 20th Century. Cells in our body are constantly exposed to a variety of chemical signals—hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors, and sometimes even drugs—that they need to interpret and translate into a response.


What colour/color is the Swiss cheese Gruyère?

Gruyere - Cheese.com Find over 1750 specialty cheeses from 74 countries in the world's greatest cheese resource Gruyere Gruyere is named after a Swiss village. It is traditional, creamery, unpasteurised, semi-soft cheese. The natural, rusty brown rind is hard, dry and pitted with tiny holes. The cheese is darker yellow than Emmental but the texture is more dense and compact. Slightly grainy, the cheese has a wonderful complexity of flavours - at first fruity, later becomes more earthy and nutty. To make Gruyere, raw milk is heated to 93 degrees F and liquid rennet is added for curdling. The resulting curd is cut into small pieces which release whey while being stirred. Curd is cooked at 110 degrees F and raised quickly to 130 degrees F. The pieces become shriveled which is the cue to place the curd in molds for pressing. The cheese is salted in brine for 8 days and ripened for two months at room temperature or a quick method: 10 days at 50 degrees F. Curing lasts from 3 to 10 months (the longer the curing period the better the cheese). Made from cow 's milk Country of origin: Switzerland


Approximately what is the surface temperature of the Sun, in degrees centigrade?

How Hot Is the Sun? How Hot Is the Sun? By Tim Sharp, Reference Editor | August 15, 2012 07:04pm ET MORE Hinode spacecraft captured this picture of our sun's chromosphere on Jan. 12, 2007. Credit: JAXA/NASA The sun is a huge sphere of glowing gases that produce energy and light, which make life on Earth possible. The temperature of the sun varies tremendously, and not in ways you might realize. At the core of the sun , gravitational attraction produces immense pressure and temperature, which can reach more than 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius). Hydrogen atoms get compressed and fuse together, creating helium. This process is called nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion produces huge amounts of energy. The energy radiates outward to the sun's surface, atmosphere and beyond. From the core, energy moves to the radiative zone, where it bounces around for up to 1 million years before moving up to the convective zone, the upper layer of the sun's interior. The temperature here drops below 3.5 million degrees F (2 million degrees C). Large bubbles of hot plasma form a soup of ionized atoms and move upwards to the photosphere. The temperature in the photosphere is about 10,000 degrees F (5,500 degrees C). It is here that the sun's radiation is detected as visible light. Sunspots on the photosphere are cooler and darker than the surrounding area. At the center of big sunspots the temperature can be as low as 7,300 degrees F (4,000 degrees C). The chromosphere, the next layer of the sun's atmosphere is a bit cooler — about 7,800 degrees F (4,320 degrees C). Visible light from the chromosphere is usually too weak to be seen against the brighter photosphere, but during total solar eclipses, when the moon covers the photosphere, the chromosphere can be seen as a red rim around the sun. Temperatures rise dramatically in the corona, which can also only be seen during an eclipse as plasma streams outward like points on a crown. The corona can get about 3.5 million degrees F (2 million degrees C). As the corona cools, losing heat and radiation, matter is blown off as the solar wind. The sun is the largest and most massive object in the solar system. It is about 93 million miles (149.5 million km) from Earth. That distance is called an astronomical unit, or 1 AU, and is used to measure distances throughout the solar system. The sun's light and heat takes about eight minutes to reach us, which leads to another way to state the distance to the sun : 8 light-minutes. Editor's Recommendations


Chinese corporation Huawei, controversially blacklisted in 2012 by the US Government Intelligence Committee, is (at 2012) the world's largest equipment manufacturer in which sector?

20121017_ca_toronto by Metro Canada - issuu issuu they’re at it again Friday’s Jackpot A feistier Barack Obama emerges in second debate against Mitt Romney toronto page 13 Wednesday, October 17, 2012 News worth sharing. 25 metronews.ca | twitter.com/metrotoronto | facebook.com/metrotoronto Did Hudak miss the subway vs. LRT debate? He doesn’t think so. Ontario Conservative leader says he would still try to divert LRT funds in order to build subways Progressive Conservative Leader Tim Hudak has thrust Toronto’s political hot potato — the transit file — to the forefront of an eventual Ontario election. On Tuesday, only hours after Premier Dalton McGuinty announced his resignation, Hudak was at Nathan Phillips Square, inserting his foot firmly in the door of yet another debate over the merits of subways versus LRTs. He promised to dedicate as much as possible of the $8.4 billion the province has long promised for Toronto transit expansion (including $330 million from Ottawa) toward building underground transit — potentially diverting some Contracts on the way “There’s no decision by council to revisit what we’ve approved. We were asked to make a decision on our transit future. We made it.” TTC chair Karen Stintz money from the LRT program recently firmed up and already underway. Accompanied by council allies of the pro-subway mayor, Rob Ford, Hudak also repeated his pledge of last week to build subways, upload the TTC’s current subway lines and new LRTs to provincial control, and supersize the transportation agency Metrolinx. But there’s a catch: Building more subways will have to wait until the $14.4-billion provincial deficit has been eliminated, said Hudak, suggesting it might be years be- fore he’s able to expand transit even if an election were held this year or in early 2013. He conceded that he doesn’t know how feasible redirecting funds will be if he becomes premier and the LRT projects are already well underway. “We’ll be practical about this.… Whatever dollars are in the existing pool, I’ll maximize those to go underground,” said Hudak, who also echoed Ford’s repudiation of streetcars. While acknowledging that the province can spend its transit funds as it chooses, TTC chair Karen Stintz said the LRT lines planned for Eglinton, Finch, Sheppard and the Scarborough RT have already left the station. The master agreement spelling out how the $8.4 billion will be spent is close to being signed by the city manager. Council will be officially informed of that agreement in November, she said. torstar news service Ontario PC leader Tim Hudak scrums with the media Tuesday at Nathan Phillips Square. Hudak discussed breaking the gridlock in the GTA and Hamilton area, while several Toronto city councillors stood nearby, showing their support. TARA WALTON/TORstar news service The price of autism Condo sales Someone else see 20.5% drop takes the lead Parents of an autistic child tell Metro why they chose therapy that’s a financial burden page 8 Prices also expected to remain flat through 2013, thanks to the condo boom: TREB page 10 T:10” New film Alex Cross features character popularized by the one and only Morgan Freeman page 24 T:1.64” More bank ATMs in Canada. More access to cash when you need it. Discover one today at maps.rbc.com TM ® Registered trademarks of Royal Bank of Canada. RBC and Royal Bank are registered trademarks of Royal Bank of Canada. Trademarks of Royal Bank of Canada. TM RBC PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 100% of Final Size 00 in x 00 in 00 in x 00 in APPROVALS Designer metronews.ca Wednesday, October 17, 2012 Police standoff Alleged abductor in Durham hostage taking is former Oshawa councillor TORSTAR NEWS SERVICE Early-morning incident T.O. councillor charged with impaired driving City councillor Ana Bailão has been arrested on drunkdriving charges, after a police officer spotted the politician driving Coun. Ana Bailão withTORSTAR NEWS out her headlights SERVICE FILE on early Tuesday morning, a police source said. The officer first noticed Bailão, 36, at 1:43 a.m., heading north on Bathurst Street. “The officer att


In what US state was 'Custer's Last Stand'?

Custer's Last Stand [ushistory.org] An artist's interpretation of the Battle of Little Big Horn Another Broken Treaty Gold broke the delicate peace with the Sioux. In 1874, a scientific exploration group led by General George Armstrong Custer discovered the precious metal in the heart of the Black Hills of South Dakota. When word of the discovery leaked, nothing could stop the masses of prospectors looking to get rich quick, despite the treaty protections that awarded that land to the Sioux. Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, the local Indian leaders, decided to take up arms to defend their dwindling land supply. The Statue is entitled "Sighting the Enemy." It depicts General Custer at Gettysburg on July 3rd, 1863. On that date Custer led the famed Michigan Brigade to victory over J.E.B. Stuart, despite Stuart's numerical superiority Little Big Horn Custer was perhaps the most flamboyant and brash officer in the United States Army. He was confident that his technologically superior troops could contain the Native American fighters. Armed with new weapons of destruction such as the rapid-firing Gatling gun, Custer and his soldiers felt that it was only a matter of time before the Indians would surrender and submit to life on a smaller reservation. Custer hoped to make that happen sooner rather than later. His orders were to locate the Sioux encampment in the Big Horn Mountains of Montana and trap them until reinforcements arrived. But the prideful Custer sought to engage the Sioux on his own. On June 25, 1876, he discovered a small Indian village on the banks of the Little Big Horn River. Custer confidently ordered his troops to attack, not realizing that he was confronting the main Sioux and Cheyenne encampment. About three thousand Sioux warriors led by Crazy Horse descended upon Custer's regiment, and within hours the entire Seventh Cavalry and General Custer were massacred. The victory was brief for the warring Sioux. The rest of the United States regulars arrived and chased the Sioux for the next several months. By October, much of the resistance had ended. Crazy Horse had surrendered, but Sitting Bull and a small band of warriors escaped to Canada. Eventually they returned to the United States and surrendered because of hunger. by Jake Herman Is this really Crazy Horse? According to most historians, the great Sioux warrior never allowed his picture to be taken. While no images of Crazy Horse have been universally proved as the real deal, this tin-type has been claimed authentic by the Oglala Sioux Tribal Council. Reactions Back East Custer's Last Stand caused massive debate in the East. War hawks demanded an immediate increase in federal military spending and swift judgment for the noncompliant Sioux. Critics of United States policy also made their opinions known. The most vocal detractor, Helen Hunt Jackson, published A Century of Dishonor in 1881. This blistering assault on United States Indian policy chronicled injustices toward Native Americans over the past hundred years. The American masses, however, were unsympathetic or indifferent. A systematic plan to end all native resistance was approved, and the Indians of the West would not see another victory like the Little Big Horn.


The Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) pioneered and made his vast fortune in which industry in late 1800s USA?

Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller J.P. Morgan. Andrew Carnegie ( ) A Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American. - ppt download Similar presentations More Presentation on theme: "Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller J.P. Morgan. Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) A Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American."— Presentation transcript: 1 Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller J.P. Morgan 2 Andrew Carnegie ( ) A Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was among the most famous and wealthy industrialists of his day. 3 4 Andrew Carnegie controlled every aspect of steel production:  Shipping on the Great Lakes  Railroad transportation  Storage and production facilities Carnegie Steel produced more steel than any country in the world 5 6 John D. Rockefeller An American business magnate and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. ( ) 7  Originally Standard oil controlled the kerosene (used for lights and street lamps) market.  When electricity replaced kerosene for lights Standard oil switched to gasoline to power internal combustion engines in machines and automobiles. 8 9 10 J.P. Morgan An American financier, banker, philanthropist and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time. He bought the Carnegie Steel Company in 1901 for $500 million to create U.S. Steel. ( ) 11 J.P. Morgan dominated the financial world.  He bought struggling companies and merged them to create industrial giant that dominated markets.  Financed and organized the General Electric Company.  Purchased Carnegie Steel and merged it with several other companies to create U.S. Steel  Controlled numerous railroad companies  In 1890–1913, J.P. Morgan was involved in 42 major corporations. 12


What is the English translation of the German news magazine title Der Spiegel?

Spiegel translation English | German dictionary | Reverso a    mirror, glass old  ,   (Med)   speculum     (fig)   mirror   in den Spiegel schauen or sehen      to look in the mirror   glatt wie ein Spiegel      like glass   im Spiegel der Öffentlichkeit or der öffentlichen Meinung      as seen by the public, as reflected in public opinion   jdm den Spiegel vorhalten        (fig)   to hold up a mirror to sb   b    (=Wasserspiegel, Alkoholspiegel, Zuckerspiegel)   level   (=Wasseroberfläche)   surface c    (=Aufschlag)   lapel,   (Mil)   (=Kragenspiegel)   tab d      (Archit)   [+von Decke, Tür]   panel e      (Hunt, bei Rotwild)   escutcheon  ,   (bei Vögeln)    speculum f      (Liter)   (=Sammlung von Regeln, Gesetzen etc)   code g      (Typ)   type area


Surface, Fire and Nexus are brands/models of what modern (2010s) consumer product?

Gardenscapes Hack Tool 2017 No Survey [Unlimited Money] Free Download Rating: 1 Gameserialkeygenerator.blogspot.comhttp://gameserialkeygenerator.blogspot.com/ Each Mass Effect: Andromeda activation code is functioning for computer Xbox One PS4 version of the game. You don’t would like Crack for Mass Effect: Andromeda IF you transfer this Mass Effect: Andromeda Keygen! transfer Mass Effect: Andromeda cd key generator at no cost and play in Cracked Mass Effect: Andromeda computer Xbox One PS4. Our company unconcealed our Mass Effect: Andromeda serial generator into 2 editions. first choices utilizing this standard world wide internet Product Keygen through your electronic computer browser. On word wide internet Keygen you're needed to choose that computer game system does one ought to have. Rating: 4 Aicok Digital Scale for Kitchen Food and liquids with hanging bracket weighs 11 grams / 5 kg, scale stainless steel kitchen, White with Green Nice kitchen scale with high precision has the Tara function, which allows you to weigh the content when weighing initially the container and set it to zero The display is big and look good numbers can be measured in grams, ounces, pounds / ounce, milliliters water and milk ranges from 1 gram to 5 kilos If exceeding 5 kilos gives an error has an error range of 1 gram I spent a one euro coin weighing 7.5 grams and brand as 7 grams Very good accuracy made with quality materials, the upper surface is metallic and has a handy hook for hanging it is powered by a CR2032 button battery, and is included in the package, we just have to remove the plastic load to remove the battery have to push to the side of the metal and stack out without difficulty, to get her idem is off by itself if we are no activity within 60 seconds given for analysis and commentary kitchen scale quality product, it is accurate while with modern design and nice I like. Rating: 4 Krups Inissia - Coffee (Independent, Red, System capsules, 16 capsules included, Lungo, Espresso, 0.7L) I have the model in black coffee with very rapid warming, it has two lengths short and long coffee with automatic stop lights giving the two buttons length coffee to vezSaca a terrific coffee, note that it is not a basic coffee within the range of Objections Nespresso coffee machines? the tank is immediately filled capsules used because it is quite small. Rating: 4 Chg 3388-00 Tea Strainer / Filter Tea / Ø Approx. 7.5cm / Width = Approx. 10 cm / Height = approx. 7.5 Cm Superb quality and good price is always very convenient check measurements before purchasing: 7.5 cm diameter, 10 cm wide, 7.5 cm high If the kettle is very high, you may have to fill with enough water The design is perfect for medium or teapots low (the classic for tea) or to cups has a cover to keep warm and is made of stainless steel is easy to clean but will eventually take some tea color the cover also can serve to support the filter once made the infusion or if you want to re-instill the same herbs In my case, I tend to infuse the tea twice, once for 30 seconds and a second for about one minute it is very durable it will not break if the dishwasher Supports And, most important falls, get out the essence of the infusions. Rating: 5 Monix Vitro Noir - 12 cup coffee I think an excellent cafeteria, I have seen other at a higher price and this is still my best choice Do not make noise when going up coffee If just want half coffee just put half water and half coffee that usually put in for complete love her, and not lose quality or taste. Rating: 5 Peak Coffee N80 - Supports for 80 coffee capsules, silver It is a very stable dispenser with a swivel base that comes with a pad to avoid scratching the surfaces Large capacity for capsules whole family is very stylish in the kitchen Recommended to anyone who wants a capacity for 80 capsules. Rating: 4 What decepción¡ With that price and not worth for the induction cooker This information was not available on the Amazon tab it is nice but I have to return it or give it to someone. Rating: 4 Sports thermos 750 ml, Hydro Water Bottle, col


What puzzle, meaning 'single number' in Japanese, requires the completion of a grid so that each column, row and 3x3 box contain the numbers 1-9?

SuDoku | Puzzle iT Puzzle iT The World is a big puzzle but not a solved one! Primary links SuDoku solver The goal of a Su Doku problem is to complete the published grid so that no number appears more than once in any row, column or 3x3 subgrid. To set up the solver, simply type the numbers printed into the corresponding squares in the grid below. (The Tab and Shift-Tab keys allow the grid to be navigated without use of the mouse). autentifică-te pentru a adăuga comentarii SuDoku explicat History The puzzle was first published in New York in the late 1970s by the specialist puzzle publisher Dell Magazines in its magazine Math Puzzles and Logic Problems, under the title Number Place. The person who designed the puzzle and composed the first of its kind is not recorded, but it was probably Walter Mackey, one of Dell's puzzle constructors. The puzzle was introduced in Japan by Nikoli in the paper Monthly Nikolist in April 1984 as Suuji wa dokushin ni kagiru (数字は独身に限る), which can be translated as "the numbers must be single" or "the numbers must occur only once" (独身 literally means "single; celibate; unmarried"). The puzzle was named by Kaji Maki (鍜治 真起), the president of Nikoli. At a later date, the name was abbreviated to Sudoku (数独, pronounced SUE-dough-coo; sū = number, doku = single); it is a common practice in Japanese to take only the first kanji of compound words to form a shorter version. In 1986, Nikoli introduced two innovations which guaranteed the popularity of the puzzle: the number of givens was restricted to no more than 30 and puzzles became "symmetrical" (meaning the givens were distributed in rotationally symmetric cells). It is now published in mainstream Japanese periodicals, such as the Asahi Shimbun. Nikoli still holds the trademark for the name Sudoku; other publications (at least in Japan) use other names. autentifică-te pentru a adăuga comentarii SuDoku explicat Mathematics of Sudoku The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n2 x n2 boards of n x n blocks is known to be NP-complete. This gives some vague indication of why Sudoku is hard to solve, but on boards of finite size the problem is finite and can be solved by a deterministic finite automaton that knows the entire game tree. autentifică-te pentru a adăuga comentarii SuDoku explicat Variants Although the 9x9 grid with 3x3 regions is by far the most common, numerous variations abound: sample puzzles can be 4x4 grids with 2x2 regions; 5x5 grids with pentomino regions have been published under the name Logi-5; the World Puzzle Championship has previously featured a 6x6 grid with 2x3 regions and a 7x7 grid with six heptomino regions and a disjoint region. Even the 9x9 grid is not always standard, with Ebb regularly publishing some of those with nonomino regions. Larger grids are also possible, with Dell regularly publishing 16x16-grid Number Place Challenger puzzles and Nikoli proffering 25x25 Sudoku the Giant behemoths. Another common variant is for the numbers in the main diagonals of the grid to also be required to be unique; all Dell Number Place Challenger puzzles are of this variant. autentifică-te pentru a adăuga comentarii SuDoku explicat Construction It is commonly believed that Dell Number Place puzzles are computer-generated; they typically have over 30 givens placed in an apparently random scatter, some of which can possibly be deduced from other givens. They also have no authoring credits. Wei-Hwa Huang claims that he was commissioned by Dell to write a Number Place puzzle generator in the winter of 2000; prior to that, he was told, the puzzles were hand-made. The puzzle generator was written in Visual C++, and although had options to generate a more Japanese-style puzzle, with symmetry constraints and fewer numbers, Dell opted not to use those features. Presumably the puzzles since then still use that program, although it is hard to tell. autentifică-te pentru a adăuga comentarii SuDoku explicat Computer solutions For computer programmers it is relatively simple to build a backtracking search. Typically this would assign a valu


In terms of Skyfall product placement what watch brand does James Bond wear?

Product placement in pictures: Skyfall - Brands & Films Product placement in pictures: Skyfall November 4, 2012 |By Erik A lot has been written about excessive and blatant product placement in the latest Bond movie Skyfall . But let me say somethingdifferent: product placement in Skyfall wasn’t excessive and wasn’t blatant. Actually it was more subtle than I’ve expected. Mind you, we’re still talking about James Bond movie, so there is a lot of products and brands integrated in the movie, but Skyfall is no Transformers or some other examples of product placement prostitution. When the information about Heineken’s $45 million deal (roughly a third of Skyfall’s production budget) first surfaced, there were numerous articles and blog posts about James Bond selling out. We have to be honest, though. All Bond’s movies had product placement, some were more subtle and some were more blatant when it comes to brand integration. Also, David Leigh who runs website The James Bond Dossier said, that Bond has consumed a wide variety of beverages from the start, in both in his literary and cinematic incarnations. So, what’s the fuss? First, let’s check products and brands from Skyfall. [POSSIBLE SPOILERS] Cars: Landrover, Audi, Beetle, Range Rover, Jaguar and Aston Martin Landrover Defender and Audi were seen in a car chase scene: Eve drove Landrover, while the bad guys tried to escape in Audi. During the chase a few VW Beetles fell from the train. Range Rover was used to transport Bond to MI6’s new location and M and Bond used Jaguar XJ. The legendary Aston Martin DB5 also made an important appearance, but I won’t reveal why :) Aston Martin DB5 from Skyfall Sony Skyfall was produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures. Columbia Pictures is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment, so the appearance of different Sony products should not be a coincidence. I have reviewed several movies, distributed by Sony Pictures and probably all of them included Sony’s brands. Bond (or was it Q?) used Sony Vaio laptop (first seen in Casino Royale) and Sony Xperia T mobile phone. Nothing special or excessive there: only Vaio’s logo and a glimpse of the new Xperia. Sony Vaio from Skyfall (2012, MGM and Columbia Pictures, screen capture) Macallan whisky Macallan whisky was probably the most “in your face” placement. It occurred during the first meeting between Bond and Silva. The main villain offered James a drink, a 50-year old Macallan, because it’s his favorite drink. Additionally, we saw M and Bond drinking Macallan on two different occasions. Macallan whisky (on the desk) from Skyfall (2012, MGM and Columbia Pictures, screen capture) Heineken The much hyped Heineken appeared in two scenes: Bond was lying in bed with a girl and we could see a bottle of Heineken in his hand. The other appearance was in a big office: Tanner, one of MI6 employees was sipping beer from Heineken bottle. That’s it. Nothing excessive. Heineken in Skyfall Omega We know that Bond wears Omega, but I couldn’t recognize his watch. Anyway, he wore a Seamaster model. Omega Seamaster from Skyfall (2012, MGM and Columbia Pictures, screen capture) Tom Ford James Bond has been wearing Tom Ford for the second time. Similar as with Omega you can’t recognize the brand of his clothes – the fact that we know what he wears is just matter of clever/aggressive marketing campaign(s). Bond also wore Tom Ford Marko TF144 sunglasses. You can read more about James Bond’s clothing in the excellent blog post at Clothes on Film . Tom Ford Marko TF144 sunglasses from Skyfall (Source: Filmofilia.com) Walther PPK Walther PPK pistol is a longtime Bond companion, but in Skyfall Q introduced an improved gun with a thumbprint code. Walther PPK from Skyfall (2012, MGM and Columbia Pictures, screen capture) THE VERDICT 23rd Bond movie is very good. Even though Casino Royale remains my personal favorite, Skyfall is an improvement over Quantum of Solace. Also, Daniel Craig’s movies are vastly superior to Brosnan’s, Dalton’s and Moore’s. Bond is now more human and not a cartoon that would become if Pierce


What is Africa's 2nd-largest country, abbreviated to DRC?

What is the abbreviation for Congo? We've got 4 shorthands for Congo » What is the abbreviation for Congo? Looking for the shorthand of Congo? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: Congo. Filter by: Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zaire, Belgian Congo(noun) a republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in 1960 Couldn't find the full form or full meaning of Congo? Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: Discuss these Congo abbreviations with the community: Know what is Congo ? Got another good explanation for Congo ? Don't keep it to yourself! Add it HERE! Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web! Search the web


Likud, meaning 'the consolidation', is the leading conservative political party (at 2012) of which country?

Likud : definition of Likud and synonyms of Likud (English) Elections Likud ( Hebrew : הַלִּכּוּד HaLikud, lit. The Consolidation) is the major center-right political party in Israel . [4] [5] [6] [7] It was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin in an alliance with several right-wing and liberal parties. Likud's victory in the 1977 elections was a major turning point in the country's political history, marking the first time the left had lost power. However, after ruling the country for most of the 1980s, the party lost the Knesset election in 1992. Nevertheless, Likud's candidate Benjamin Netanyahu did win the vote for Prime Minister in 1996 and was given the task to form a government after the 2009 elections . After a convincing win in the 2003 elections , Likud saw a major split in 2005, when Likud leader Ariel Sharon left the party to form the new Kadima party. This resulted in Likud slumping to fourth place in 2006 elections . Following the 2009 elections , the party appears to have mostly recovered from its loss, and now leads the Israeli government under Prime Minister Netanyahu. A member of the party is often called a Likudnik ( Hebrew : לִכּוּדְנִיק). [8] Contents 8 External links   History This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (November 2011)   Formation and Begin years The Likud was formed by an alliance of several right wing parties prior to the 1973 elections ; Herut and the Liberal Party had been allied since 1965, and were joined by the Free Centre , the National List and the Movement for Greater Israel . It was given the name Likud, meaning "Consolidation", as it represented the consolidation of the right-wing in Israel. [9] It worked as a coalition of its factions led by Menachem Begin 's Herut until 1988 when the factions formally dissolved and Likud became a unitary political party. From its establishment in 1973, Likud enjoyed great support from blue-collar Sephardim who felt discriminated against by the ruling Alignment . The first Likud prime minister was Menachem Begin, who had led the party to victory in the 1977 elections , the first time the left-wing had lost power in Israel's political history. A former leader of the hard-line paramilitary Irgun , Begin helped initiate the peace process with Egypt , which resulted in the Camp David Accords and the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty .   Shamir, Netanyahu first term, and Sharon The second premier was Yitzhak Shamir , who first became PM in October 1983 following Begin's resignation. Shamir, a former commander of the Lehi underground, was widely seen as a hard-liner with an ideological commitment both to the settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip , the growth of which he encouraged, and to the idea of aliyah , facilitating the mass immigration of Jews to Israel from Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union . The third Likud premier was Benjamin Netanyahu , elected in May 1996, following the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin . Netanyahu proved to be less hard-line in practice than he made himself out to be rhetorically, and felt pressured by the United States and others to enter negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organization and Yasser Arafat , despite his harsh criticism of the Oslo accords and hawkish stance in comparison to Labour. In 1998, Netanyahu reluctantly agreed to cede territory in the Wye River Memorandum . While accepted by many in the Likud, some Likud MKs, led by Benny Begin (Menachem Begin's son), Michael Kleiner and David Re'em , broke away and formed a new party, named Herut – The National Movement , in protest. Yitzhak Shamir (who had expressed harsh disappointment in Netanyahu's leadership), gave the new party his support. Less than a year afterward, Netanyahu's coalition collapsed, resulting in the 1999 election and Labour's Ehud Barak winning the premiership on a platform of immediate settlement of final status issues. Likud spent 1999-2001 on the opposition benches. Barak's "all-


What sort of musical instrument is a cabasa?

How to Play the Cabasa - YouTube How to Play the Cabasa Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Sep 18, 2012 Percussionist and educator, Kalani, demonstrates how to play the percussion instrument known as a cabasa or afuche. Sponsored by Peripole, Your Partner in Music Education™. Category


The 2,500th anniversary of whose birth was celebrated in China in 1949?

Beijing celebrates Confucius birth for first time in decades - Asian Correspondent Beijing celebrates Confucius birth for first time in decades Share this on | @ascorrespondent Beijing on Tuesday celebrated the anniversary of the birth of ancient philosopher Confucius for the first time since the founding of communist China, in a ceremony that included delegates from Taiwan. The event took place at the Confucius temple in the city’s historic Guozijian quarter in honour of China’s most famous philosopher, born in 551 BC, whose influence is on the rise again after being suppressed under Mao Zedong. Long banned by the communist regime which considered Confucianism a feudal belief, this tradition was only officially reinstated in the 1990s in Qufu, birthplace of the Chinese thinker — but never in Beijing. The ceremony — placed under high security and closed to the public but not to reporters — included Chinese officials alongside a delegation from Taiwan, once China’s bitter foe, where Confucianism has always been celebrated. China and Taiwan split in 1949 and Beijing considers the self-ruled island as part of its territory awaiting reunification, by force if necessary. But ties between the two have improved in recent years. The ceremony also included 500 young volunteers, most of whom were students at Beijing’s Renmin University. Wearing traditional costumes, they performed the body movements that always accompanied the reading of Confucian texts. The temple was built in 1302 and then extended under the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is the second largest Confucian temple in China after the one in Qufu, in the eastern province of Shandong. Considered a state religion under the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) but later banned under revolutionary leader Mao, Confucianism — which calls for ruling by virtue and government morality — seems to have been completely reinstated in China. Confucius Institutes, which aim to promote the Chinese language and culture, have been established around the world. In January, the biopic “Confucius” starring Hong Kong action movie star Chow Yun-fat attempted to rival “Avatar”, the Hollywood blockbuster that was kicked out of some theatres to make way for the Chinese film — without much success. AFP


What creature is the 1940-50s TV puppet character Muffin?

Muffin the Mule to trot back into the limelight on his urban animal farm (From HeraldScotland) Jobs Business Directory Local Info Dating Buy Sell Book an Ad Muffin the Mule to trot back into the limelight on his urban animal farm MUFFIN The Mule, the vintage TV puppet, is to make a comeback for his 60th birthday and trot into the twenty-first century. BBC chiefs have bought a new series based on the character, which is expected to be shown in the next three years. This time round, he will be animated rather than operated with strings and will live on an urban farm. Muffin was first seen by TV audiences in October 1946 in the show For The Children which was presented by Annette Mills, sister of actor John Mills. Loading article content Originally, the wooden puppet - which was made during the 1930s at a cost of 25 shillings ((pounds) 1.25p) - would dance as Mills played the piano, but in the new show he will be seen talking to the other animals. Muffin, it will be recalled, used his head a great deal in ''conversations'' with Ms Mills. Muffin went from strength to strength, clumping around on the piano top with Ms Mills playing the music and Ann Hogarth standing on the piano to operate him from behind a partition. Further sidekicks emerged as the shows went on, including a bossy penguin called Mr Peregrine Esquire, a rather shy Louise the Lamb, Oswald the Ostrich, Willie the Worm, and a genial minstrel puppet called Wally the Gog. Muffin was the first star, in Britain at least, entirely created by television. By 1950, there were many merchandise spin-offs from the character, including records, song and story books and comic strips, while Muffin crossed the Atlantic in films made for American television. Some children even got Muffin bedroom slippers. TV Comic featured Muffin on its front cover for its first issue in November 1951. A BBC spokeswoman said: ''Muffin will be something of a problem-solver - he helps out all the other animals. The show is being brought up to date and will now be living on a town farm rather than dancing on a piano.'' Rights to the character were bought by production company Maverick Entertainment in January. Mike Diprose, the firm's managing director, said: ''Muffin the Mule was a hugely successful character in the 1950s and 1960s and is now very much part of English broadcasting heritage. ''The new production will be the first new material on the character since the


In what sport do Indian states and city teams compete for the Ranji Trophy?

Cricket Tournaments in India Home > Sports > Indian Cricket > Cricket Tournaments in India Cricket Tournaments in India Cricket Tournaments in India, like Ranji Trophy, Duleep Trophy etc, are the perfect platform to identify aspiring and new talents of Indian cricket. Subscribe to Free E-Magazine on Sports More on Cricket Tournaments in India   (10) •    Less...   Cricket Tournaments in India is considered as a celebration by the population as the game has achieved the status of religion in the country. India has a rich history of organising several domestic level tournaments. The history of domestic Cricket tournaments in India dates back to almost the same time of India's first participation in international Cricket. Most of the domestic Cricket tournaments in India have been named after the pioneers of Indian Cricket , who have made the largest contributions to the well being and development of Cricket in India. The tournaments are mainly organised at different levels like district level, state level, or national level and various Indian Cricket Associations are in charge of organising these tournaments. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) supervises most of the domestic level cricket tournaments organised in India. Ranji Trophy The very first of the Cricket tournaments in India was the Ranji Trophy that was organised in the year 1934-35. The tournament was named after the legendary Indian Cricket player, Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji, Jam Sahib of Nawanagar, and was initiated with a view to bring out top class talented cricketers from different parts of India. The Ranji Trophy is considered to be the premier cricket tournament in India. Most of the participating teams in this tournament mainly represent various Indian states. Apart from the state teams, there are also some other teams that are run and managed by different corporate houses or governmental organisations. Such teams include the Railways and Services etc. The teams are divided into two groups named the Elite Group and Plate Group and there are two different winners for each of the groups. The teams in the Elite Group are considered to be the best ones in the Ranji Trophy. Duleep Trophy It is one of the most popular and prestigious Cricket tournaments in India. The tournament started its journey in the year 1961-62 and was named after Kumar Shri Duleepsinghji, the nephew of KS Ranjitsinhji. In the initial period, the tournament was played between 5 teams, chosen from 5 different zones of India like the East Zone, West Zone, North Zone, South Zone and Central Zone. The teams used to play against each other in a knockout format. However, the format of the championship was changed in the year 1993-94 and the teams started to play in a league format. Irani Trophy Among the Cricket tournaments in India, the Irani Trophy is a noteworthy and popular tournament. The tournament was named after the late Z R Irani and was conceived during the 1959-60 season to mark the completion of 25 years of the Ranji Trophy Championship. Mr. Irani was associated with the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) since its inception in 1928, until his death in 1970. He also played the role of the honorary treasurer of BCCI from 1948 to 1962, and served as the President of BCCI from 1966 to 1969. In this tournament, a match is played between the Ranji Trophy Champions of the preceding year and a selected Rest of India XI. The winner of the match wins the championship trophy. Though, it is a one-match tournament, the Irani Trophy is counted among the few domestic matches that are followed with keen interest by cricket lovers in the country. The top class Indian Cricket players take part in the game, which has often been considered as a sort of selection trial to pick the Indian team for foreign tours. In all the tournaments like Ranji Trophy, Duleep Trophy and Irani Trophy, mainly longer version of the game of Cricket is followed. The matches usually have duration of 3 or 4 days. However, there is a One-Day tournament in India also. This tournament is named the Deodhar Tr


The human brain represents roughly what percentage of the body's resting metabolic rate (energy expended)?

The Biology of Sleep: Circadian Rhythms, Sleep Stages, and Sleep Architecture The Biology of Sleep Circadian Rhythms, Sleep Stages, and Sleep Architecture Your body’s natural daily rhythms are regulated by structures in the brain that help determine when you fall asleep and wake up. People progress through a series of distinct physiological stages during sleep. Each stage of sleep serves an important purpose in keeping your brain and body healthy. During the night, these stages of quiet sleep alternate with periods of REM (dreaming) sleep. Quiet sleep is important because it helps restore the body, while REM sleep restores the mind and is important for both learning and memory. Your internal clock (circadian rhythms) Certain brain structures and chemicals produce the states of sleeping and waking. For instance, a pacemaker-like mechanism in the brain regulates circadian rhythms. (“Circadian” means “about a day.”) This internal clock, which gradually becomes established during the first months of life, controls the daily ups and downs of biological patterns, including body temperature, blood pressure, and the release of hormones. Circadian rhythms make people’s desire for sleep strongest between midnight and dawn, and to a lesser extent in midafternoon. In one study, researchers instructed a group of people to try to stay awake for 24 hours. Not surprisingly, many slipped into naps despite their best efforts not to. When the investigators plotted the times when unplanned naps occurred, they found peaks between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. and between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. Most Americans sleep during the night as dictated by their circadian rhythms, although many who work on weekdays nap in the afternoon on the weekends. In societies where taking a siesta is the norm, people can respond to their bodies’ daily dips in alertness with a one- to two-hour afternoon nap during the workday and a correspondingly shorter sleep at night. Light. Exposure to light at the right time helps keep the circadian clock on the correct time schedule. However, exposure at the wrong time can shift sleep and wakefulness to undesired times. The circadian rhythm disturbances and sleep problems that affect up to 90% of blind people demonstrate the importance of light to sleep/wake patterns. Time. As a person reads clocks, follows work and train schedules, and demands that the body remain alert for certain tasks and social events, there is cognitive pressure to stay on schedule. Melatonin. Levels of melatonin begin climbing after dark and ebb after dawn. The hormone induces drowsiness, and scientists believe its daily light-sensitive cycles help keep the sleep/wake cycle on track. Quiet sleep (non-REM sleep) Scientists divide sleep into two major types: 1. Quiet sleep or non-REM sleep 2. Dreaming sleep or REM sleep Surprisingly, they are as different from each other as either is from waking. Sleep specialists have called quiet or non-REM sleep “an idling brain in a movable body.” During this phase, thinking and most bodily functions slow down, but movement can still occur, and a person often shifts position while sinking into deeper stages of sleep. Dropping into quiet sleep To an extent, the idea of “dropping” into sleep parallels changes in brain-wave patterns at the onset of non-REM sleep. When you are awake, billions of brain cells receive and analyze sensory information and coordinate behavior by sending electrical impulses to one another. If you’re fully awake, an EEG records a messy, irregular scribble of activity. Once your eyes are closed and your brain no longer receives visual input, brain waves settle into a steady and rhythmic pattern of about 10 cycles per second. is is the alpha-wave pattern, characteristic of calm, relaxed wakefulness (see Figure 1). The transition to quiet sleep is a quick one that might be likened to flipping a switch—that is, you are either awake (switch on) or asleep (switch off), according to research. Unless something disturbs the process, you will proceed smoothly through the three stages of quiet sleep. The three stages of q