A pair of angles is complementary if the sum of their measures is how many degrees?

Pairs of Angles | Wyzant Resources Resources / Lessons / Math / Geometry / Lines and Angles / Pairs of Angles Pairs of Angles In geometry , certain pairs       of angles can have special relationships. Using our knowledge of acute, right, and       obtuse angles, along with properties of parallel lines, we will begin to study the       relations between pairs of angles. Complementary Angles Two angles are complementary angles if their degree measurements add up to 90°.       That is, if we attach both angles and fit them side by side (by putting the vertices       and one side on top of each other), they will form a right angle. We can also say       that one of the angles is the complement of the other. Complementary angles are angles whose sum is 90° Supplementary Angles Another special pair of angles is called supplementary angles. One angle is said       to be the supplement of the other if the sum of their degree measurements is 180°.       In other words, if we put the angles side by side, the result would be a straight       line. Supplementary angles are angles whose sum is 180° Vertical Angles Vertical angles are the angles opposite of each other at the intersection of two       lines. They are called vertical angles because they share a common vertex. Vertical       angles always have equal measures. ?JKL and ?MKN are vertical angles. Another pair of vertical angles in the picture         is ?JKM and ?LKN. Alternate Interior Angles Alternate interior angles are formed when there exists a transversal. They are the       angles on opposite sides of the transversal, but inside the two lines the transversal       intersects. Alternate interior angles are congruent to each other if (and only if)       the two lines intersected by the transversal are parallel. An easy way of identifying alternate interior angles is by drawing the letter "Z"       (forwards and backwards) on the lines as shown below. In the figure on the left, ?ADH and ?GHD are alternate interior angles. Note that         ?CDH and ?EHD are also alternate interior angles. The figure on the right has alternate         interior angles that are congruent because there is a set of parallel lines. Alternate Exterior Angles Similar to alternate interior angles, alternate exterior angles are also congruent       to each other if (and only if) the two lines intersected by the transversal are       parallel. These angles are on opposite sides of the transversal, but outside the       two lines the transversal intersects. In the figure on the left, ?ADB and ?GHF are alternate exterior angles. So are ?CDB         and ?EHF. The figure on the left does not have alternate enterior angles that are         congruent, but the figure on the right does. Corresponding Angles Corresponding angles are the pairs of angles on the same side of the transversal       and on corresponding sides of the two other lines. These angles are equal in degree       measure when the two lines intersected by the transversal are parallel. It may help to draw the letter "F" (forwards and backwards) in order to help identify       corresponding angles. This method is illustrated below. Drawing the letter "F" backwards helps us see that ?ADH and ?EHF are corresponding         angles. We have three other pairs of corresponding angles in this figure. Now that we have familiarized ourselves with pairs of angles, let's practice applying       some of their properties in the following exercises. Exercises (1) Find the value of x in the figure below. Notice that the pair of highlighted angles are vertical angles. Because they have       this relationship, their angle measures are equal. Thus, we have We have found that the value of x is 37. We can go one step further       to make sure that the angles are equal by plugging 37 in for x. Indeed,       the vertical angles highlighted above are equal. (2) Find


Which German brothers published fairy tales in the 19th century?

Grimm Fairy Tales Menu Fairy Tales by the Grimm Brothers This Web edition of tales from the Grimm Brothers' Kinder- und Hausmärchen features German and English versions of the fairy tales, along with a selection of illustrations from editions in the public domain. These pages are in the process (2014-15) of being updated (improved css/html, additional and higher resolution illustrations, new media, more documentation, e-book versions). For high resolution images, click on the illustration (for those by Polster, Rackham, or Watson).


"In cricket, what term is used to describe the situation when a batsman is ""out"" on the first ball of the match?"

Appendix:Glossary of cricket - Wiktionary Appendix:Glossary of cricket Jump to: navigation , search Cricket is a team sport played between two teams of eleven. It is known for its rich terminology. Some terms are often thought to be arcane and humorous by those not familiar with the game. This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket) . A[ edit ] Young Cricketer. "Yes, I cocked one off the splice in the gully and the blighter gathered it." Father. "Yes, but how did you get out? Were you caught, stumped or bowled, or what?" Cartoon from Punch , July 21, 1920. Agricultural shot  a swing across the line of the ball (resembling a scything motion) played without much technique. Often one that results in a chunk of the pitch being dug up by the bat . A type of a slog . This term is thought to have originated in the city-country games in Australia, where the farmers normally had less technique, but more power than their city rivals. when an innings is ended due to ten of the eleven batsmen on the batting side being either dismissed or unable to bat because of injury or illness. All-round spin  Anchor   a top-order batsman capable of batting for a long duration throughout the innings. Usually batsman playing at numbers 3 or 4 play such a role, especially if there is a batting collapse. An anchor plays defensively, and is often the top scorer in the innings. Arm ball   a deceptive delivery bowled by an off spin bowler that is not spun so; unlike the off break, it travels straight on (with the bowler's arm). A particularly good bowler's arm ball might also swing away from the batsman in the air (or in to him when delivered by a left-armer). Around the wicket  a right-handed bowler passing to the right of the stumps during his bowling action, and vice-versa for left-handed bowlers. Back foot   in a batsman's stance the back foot is the foot that is nearer to the stumps. A bowler's front foot is the last foot to contact the ground before the ball is released. The other foot is the back foot. Unless the bowler is bowling off the wrong foot the bowling foot is the back foot. Backing up   after a fielder chases the ball, another fielder placed at a further distance also moves into position so that if the fielder mis-fields the ball, the damage done is minimal. Also done to support a fielder receiving a throw from the outfield in case the throw is errant or not caught. the non-striking batsman leaving his crease during the delivery in order to shorten the distance to complete one run. A batsman "backing up" too far runs the risk of being run out. the average number of runs scored per innings by a batsman, calculated by dividing the batsman's total runs scored during those innings in question by the number of times the batsman was out. Compare innings average. Batting end  the end of the pitch at which the striker stands. Batting innings  the number of games that a player gets to bat in a match. For one-day matches, this usually is less than the number of matches that a player is selected to play; for first-class and Test matches, this may be up to twice the number of matches played. Batting order  the order in which the batsmen bat, from the openers, through the top order and middle order to the lower order. BBI or Best  an abbreviation for the best bowling figures (see this) in an innings throughout the entire career of the bowler. It is defined as, firstly, the greatest number of wickets taken, and secondly the fewest runs conceded for that number of wickets. (Thus, a performance of 7 for 102 is considered better than one of 6 for 19.) Beach cricket  an informal form of the game, obviously cricket played on beaches. This is a common sight in cricket playing Caribbean countries and Australia. Beamer   a delivery that reaches the batsman at around head heig


What Christian festival commemorates the coming of the Three Wise Men to Bethlehem?

Epiphany - Credo Reference Topic Page: Epiphany Definition: Epiphany from Philip's Encyclopedia Christian feast celebrated on January 6. It originated in the Eastern Church as an observance of the baptism of Jesus. In the West, it became associated with the manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles and more particularly it has come to celebrate the coming of the Magi (Three Wise Men). Summary Article: Epiphany from Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices Image from: The Adoration of the Magi, oil painting by... in Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Falling on January 6, Epiphany is a Christian feast that celebrates the revelation of God in human form in the person of Jesus Christ. In Greek, the word “epiphany” means “manifestation” and in Eastern Christian tradition the event is called “Theophany,” which means “manifestation of God.” In the Eastern tradition, it falls on January 19. Roman Catholics will often celebrate it on the Sunday closest to January 6. The Western observance commemorates the visitation of the biblical Magi to the child Jesus, stressing the appearance of Jesus to the Gentiles. In many Hispanic and European churches, it is also known as Three Kings Day. Eastern Christians include the baptism of Jesus in their celebration, highlighting Christ’s revelation to the world as the Son of God. Marking the 12th day of Christmas, Epiphany brings to an end the Advent and Christmas seasons. The day begins an extended period of “Ordinary Time” in the Christian year that focuses on the mission of the church in the world to reveal Jesus as the Son of God. It is also a time of focusing on Christian unity and fellowship across ethnic and racial lines. Originating in Eastern Christian churches, the earliest reference to the feast is found in 361 CE in the writings of Ammianus Marcellinus (ca. 330-395 CE). In a sermon delivered on December 25, 380, Gregory of Nazianzus (329-389 CE) referred to the day “the Theophany” and explained how in the coming weeks the church would be celebrating “the holy nativity of Christ.” On January 6 and 7, he preached two more sermons, declaring that the celebration of the birth of Christ and the visitation of the Magi had already taken place and now Christ’s baptism would be recognized. Originally, the day was part of the Christmas celebrations of the nativity, but by 534 CE, the Western church had separated it as a commemoration of the coming of the Magi. The Eastern church continued to celebrate January 6 as a composite feast for some time, but eventually reserved January 6 as a commemoration of the baptism of Jesus. The colors of Epiphany are usually the colors of Christmas, white and gold. Epiphany liturgies stress the universal mission of Jesus Christ and his church to all peoples throughout the whole world. While Anglicans and Lutherans observe Epiphany, most Protestant churches ignore it and collapse into Christmas their discussion of the visit of the Magi and the related custom of giving gifts. In the last generation, with the spread of the acknowledgment of the liturgical year among some of the large Protestant groups (Methodists, Presbyterians), some notice of Epiphany has emerged. Epiphany is the reference for the popular Christmas song, “The Twelve Days of Christmas.” See also: Christmas; Eastern Orthodoxy; Liturgical Year; Roman Catholic Church. References Cullmann, Oscar. “The Origin of Christmas.” In The Early Church, edited by A. Higgins, 21-36. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1956. Martindale, Cyril Charles. “Epiphany.” In The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. Merras, Merja. The Origins of the Celebration of the Christian Feast of Epiphany. Joensuu, Finland: Joensuu University Press, 1995. Talley, Thomas J. The Origins of the Liturgical Year. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press, 1991. Quast, Kevin MLA Quast, K., & Quast. (2010). Epiphany. In J. G. Melton, & M. Baumann (Eds.), Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from ht


Which river flows through six countries before reaching the sea at Rotterdam?

Delta Alliance - Rhine-Meuse Delta Search Rhine-Meuse Delta The Rhine is one of Europe’s major rivers. From its source in Switzerland it flows through six countries before reaching the North Sea, a distance of 1,320 km. It has a catchment area of ca. 200,000 km2 with more than 58 million inhabitants. The total length of the Dutch coastline is more than 400 kilometres. The coast can be divided into three different parts: the Delta area with tidal inlets in the South (now mostly controlled by open or closed barriers), the uninterrupted Holland coast and the Wadden Sea area (featuring a series of barrier islands) in the North. At present, almost one third of the Netherlands is located below average sea level. Another third has to be protected against flooding by rivers in periods of high discharges. The use of the river Rhine as an inland waterway has largely contributed to the socio economic development of the Delta. Rotterdam, in the Netherlands, is one of the worlds largest sea ports; Duisburg, in Germany, is the largest inland port in the world. No other river has as many chemical plants on its banks as the Rhine, while at the same time the Rhine water is a source for drinking water for some 20 million people.   The Delta of the Rhine starts at the German – Netherlands border, where the river splits into its two main branches: the Nederrijn and the Waal. Some 10 km downstream, the IJssel branches off in Northern direction. The Nederrijn, further downstream called Lek, continues in Western direction and is connected to the Rotterdam port canal. The southern branch, the Waal, flows in western direction as well. Near Dordrecht it splits in several branches and feeds a large estuary with four interconnected branches. Two smaller rivers, the Meuse and the Scheldt are debouching in the same estuary. After a stormsurge caused a devastating flood of 1953, the Dutch started a huge floodprotection programme (Delta plan). Nowadays 4 of the 5 estuary branches, including the Roterdam shipping canal, are protected by storm surge barriers. The area in the estuarine delta that is protected by dikes (the 'land area') is mainly used for agricultural and urban/industrial purposes. It covers approximately 250,000 32 ha. The total area of water and wetlands in the delta is about half of that of the land: 125,000 ha. Source: Prof. dr. H. de Vriend, Deltares (Delft, January 11, 2009), Towards sustainable development of deltas: Aquaterra research on trends and responses. General characteristics Area and elevation – The Rhine-Meuse delta plain (Pict. 1) measures ~7500 km2. Large parts of the lower delta plain lie below sea level (down to -6 m) Discharge of delta rivers – Mean annual discharge of the Rhine is 2300 m3/s; mean annual discharge of the Meuse is 230 m3/s Catchment areas of delta rivers – The Rhine catchment measures 185,000 km2; the Meuse catchment measures 36,000 km2 Geology – Holocene deposits (clay, sand) are up to 15 m thick in the lower delta, where meters-thick peat layers are common Flood protection – The delta plain is protected by coastal dunes and an extensive system of dams and dikes. Safety levels are 1/10,000 years for the coastal defense and 1/1250 years for river dikes. Recently river dikes have been strengthened Population, major cities and infrastructure – A population of 6,5 million living in the (urban) delta zone between Rotterdam and Amsterdam represents 40% of the population of the Netherlands. The delta plain hosts the four largest cities of the country as well as Europe’s largest seaport and fourth largest airport (Schiphol) As an initial project of the Delta Alliance network, a comparison of seven of the world’s deltas is being performed. This study compares physical, ecological and socio-economic impacts and adaptive response measures regarding the most affected sectors. Read more .


What liner was destroyed in Hong Kong harbour while undergoing renovations in 1972?

The Cunard - White Star Liner QUEEN ELIZABETH 1938 - 1972     I joined the Cunard Line in March 1962 as an Assistant Purser and sailed on the QUEEN ELIZABETH throughout that year, before transferring to the Liverpool-based CARINTHIA in November, where I remained as Crew Purser for the next five years.       The QUEEN ELIZABETH of 1938 never visited the port of Liverpool, but on her stern were the words QUEEN ELIZABETH LIVERPOOL. That is quite sufficient to ensure her a place in the story of Liverpool ships.   Over forty years ago, in 1972, the world's largest liner, the RMS QUEEN ELIZABETH, was lying on her side in Hong Kong harbour, a burnt-out hulk. This is the story of the ship from the planning stages of the late 1920s, her war operations, her amazingly successful passenger service of the late 1940s and 1950s, and her demise in the mid 1960s.    I have recently uploaded three videos on to 'YouTube' about the QUEEN ELIZABETH.  They are:   Cunard Line QUEEN ELIZABETH of 1938, Part 1        [30 minutes]   Cunard Line QUEEN ELIZABETH of 1938, Part 2      [30 minutes]   Arrivals & Departures Queen Elizabeth Southampton 1950     [20 minutes]   To view these, log on to 'You Tube', and enter into the search box the title of each video, exactly as I have shown it above. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~     "The great solid block that is the headquarters of the Cunard Steamship Company stands on the Liverpool waterfront, beaten by the wind and the rain, bleached by the sun, facing the grey-brown waters of the River Mersey. This is, indeed, the very heart of a shipping city, where, standing in the windows of that building, one can see the ships of all nations passing by in procession at tide-time, almost as mundanely as the trams whose terminus is at the water's edge. Ferry boats fuss across the river, dodging between these ships, almost like children running across a busy road."   Cunard Building at Liverpool's Pier Head   When the above lines were written in the mid 1920s, the Cunard Line was operating its Southampton - New York express service with the MAURETANIA (1907), the AQUITANIA (1914) and the BERENGARIA (1913). The Company had replaced a number of its smaller ships, but there were no large replacements for the express service at the planning stage.   The QUEEN ELIZABETH approaching her berth at Pier 90 in the North River at New York in the late 1940s. (from an original painting by Robert Lloyd)   It was not until 1926 that Cunard began thinking about the replacements for the express steamers. The C.G.T. (the French Line) brought out the ILE DE FRANCE in that year, and it was known that it was planning to build a superliner (which would be the NORMANDIE). The Italians put the largest motor ship in the world, the AUGUSTUS, into service, and the White Star Line had laid down a new liner at Belfast. This would have been the OCEANIC, whose keel was laid at Harland & Wolff's yard in 1928. Because of the world depression, construction work had not gone very far before it was suspended.,   Following the First World War, Germany was building up her passenger fleet from 'scratch' in an era of new developments. In 1928 the Germans launched the BREMEN and the EUROPA. On her maiden voyage the BREMEN crossed from Cherbourg to the Ambrose Channel Light Vessel off New York at an average speed of 27.91 knots, smashing completely the MAURETANIA's proud record of twenty years standing.   On her maiden voyage in 1928, the German liner BREMEN captured the Blue Riband of the North Atlantic, crossing from the Bishop Rock to the Ambrose Channel Light Vessel off New York at 27.91 knots.   The BREMEN's triumphant return to Hamburg after her record-breaking crossing     It was against this background that the Cunard Company began the design stage for two new ships. They would follow the natural progression of developments then taking place in marine engineering and in naval architecture. Great steps forward were being made in both these fields. For the first time it seemed possible that two ships could be built which would


"What was the name of the lion in ""The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"", a 2005 film based on the ""Narnia"" books by C S Lewis?"

The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) PG | Four kids travel through a wardrobe to the land of Narnia and learn of their destiny to free it with the guidance of a mystical lion. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 37 titles created 13 Apr 2011 a list of 31 titles created 25 Jul 2012 a list of 32 titles created 28 Feb 2013 a list of 35 titles created 23 Oct 2013 a list of 21 titles created 21 Dec 2015 Title: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) 6.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    14 wins & 44 nominations. See more awards  » Videos The Pevensie siblings return to Narnia, where they are enlisted to once again help ward off an evil king and restore the rightful heir to the land's throne, Prince Caspian. Director: Andrew Adamson     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.3/10 X   Lucy and Edmund Pevensie return to Narnia with their cousin Eustace where they meet up with Prince Caspian for a trip across the sea aboard the royal ship The Dawn Treader. Along the way they encounter dragons, dwarves, merfolk, and a band of lost warriors before reaching the edge of the world. Director: Michael Apted A young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world, led by the world's most unusual candy maker. Director: Tim Burton A newly recruited night security guard at the Museum of Natural History discovers that an ancient curse causes the animals and exhibits on display to come to life and wreak havoc. Director: Shawn Levy As Harry Potter begins his sixth year at Hogwarts, he discovers an old book marked as "the property of the Half-Blood Prince" and begins to learn more about Lord Voldemort's dark past. Director: David Yates As Harry races against time and evil to destroy the Horcruxes, he uncovers the existence of three most powerful objects in the wizarding world: the Deathly Hallows. Director: David Yates With their warning about Lord Voldemort's return scoffed at, Harry and Dumbledore are targeted by the Wizard authorities as an authoritarian bureaucrat slowly seizes power at Hogwarts. Director: David Yates It's Harry's third year at Hogwarts; not only does he have a new "Defense Against the Dark Arts" teacher, but there is also trouble brewing. Convicted murderer Sirius Black has escaped the Wizards' Prison and is coming after Harry. Director: Alfonso Cuarón Harry finds himself mysteriously selected as an under-aged competitor in a dangerous tournament between three schools of magic. Director: Mike Newell Harry ignores warnings not to return to Hogwarts, only to find the school plagued by a series of mysterious attacks and a strange voice haunting him. Director: Chris Columbus Rescued from the outrageous neglect of his aunt and uncle, a young boy with a great destiny proves his worth while attending Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Director: Chris Columbus After his swamp is filled with magical creatures, Shrek agrees to rescue Princess Fiona for a villainous lord in order to get his land back. Directors: Andrew Adamson, Vicky Jenson Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz Edit Storyline Four children from the same family have to leave their town because of the bombings of WWII. A women and a professor take the children to their house. While playing a game of hide-and-seek, the youngest member of the family, Lucy, finds a wardrobe to hide in. She travels back and back into the wardrobe and finds a place named Narnia. After going in twice, the four children go in together for the last time. They battle wolves, meet talking animals, encounter an evil white witch and meet a magni


What computer game was invented by Toru Iwatani, first released in Japan in May 1980?

pacmanmuseum.com - Pac-Man Creator Toru Iwatani Biography   Pac-Man Creator Toru Iwatani Biography Toru Iwatani (born January 25, 1955) is a Japanese video game designer and created one of the most popular arcade games of all time, Pac-Man. Iwatani was born in the Meguro ward of Tokyo, Japan. In 1977, at the age of 22, Iwatani joined Namco Ltd, a computer software company in Tokyo that produces video games. Game designer Toru Iwatani is totally self-taught, without any formal training in computers, visual arts, or graphic design. Namco Limited, whose main product lines at the time were projection-based amusement rides and light gun shooting galleries. Iwatani had expected that his job would involve working on pinball machines, and was initially disappointed that he would instead have to work on these strange, clinical 'video-games' instead. By way of compromise, Gee Bee (1978) was a heavily pinball-inspired paddle game, as were his next two designs (presumably developed by modifying Gee Bee), Bomb Bee and Cutie Q (both 1979). Iwatani wished to create a game that would target women and couples; his goal was for game centers to shed their somewhat sinister image for a lighter atmosphere, and he believed that the key to doing that was to get girls to come in. Toru Iwatani - around 1980 Programmers at Work The legend tells that Iwatani's eureka moment came when he removed a slice of pizza from a pie, creating the visual inspiration for his next big thing. It was in this moment that, according to Iwatani, Pac-Man was officially born. Now that he had the look, he needed that special something to attract his target audience. After listening to girls talk to one another, Iwatani determined that food and eating would be the way to get the girls in the arcade halls. He came up with the idea for "Puck-Man" and around 1978, he, along with Shigeo Funaki (programmer), Toshio Kai (sound and music), a hardware engineer and a cabinet designer produced the game, taking it from concept to finished product. Within 18 months, Iwatani and his team created a game that would change the games world. After many experiments, he came up with Pac-Man chomping his way through food placed around a maze, and being chased by ghosts. The four ghosts - Blinky, Pinky, Inky and Clyde, as they were known outside Japan - were based on Obake no Q-Taro, a famous cartoon ghost. But bat-and-ball games were already on the way out, and Taito's introduction of Space Invaders in 1979 began an industry-wide shift towards shoot-'em-up games (indeed, Namco were quick to stake their claim in this territory with the Galaxian/Galaga series). Observing that there was too little variety to prevent this schmup-craze from eventually going the same way as the paddle games, Iwatani wanted to try to take his next game in another direction. He wanted to make a game that did not focus on conflict, and would be appealing to male and female audiences. The underlying theme he chose for his new game was 'eating' and the result was Puckman, later to be renamed Pac-Man. "Puck-Man" was released to the Japanese public on May 22, 1980 where it became a huge success. It caught the attention of arcade-game manufacturer Midway, who bought the United States rights for the game and released the game in the U.S. as "Pac-Man", for fear that kids may deface a Puck-Man cabinet by changing the 'P' to an 'F'. Due to its innovative concept and continuing international popularity, it is regarded as one of the all-time classic video games. Iwatani went on to create a few other video games, including Ridge Racer, Time Crisis and Libble Rabble, but none of them reached the amount of success that Pac-Man did. He was promoted within the ranks of Namco, eventually being responsible for overseeing the administration of the company. In a VH-1 Game Break interview, Iwatani said he did not personally profit from the creation of Pac-Man, saying, "The truth of the matter is, there were no rewards per se for the success of Pac-Man. I was just an employee. There was no change in my salary, no bonus, no official c


"In British history, what ""House"" ruled after the House of Hanover?"

House of Hanover | British royal house | Britannica.com British royal house Germany House of Hanover, British royal house of German origin, descended from George Louis, elector of Hanover , who succeeded to the British crown, as George I , in 1714. The dynasty provided six monarchs: George I (reigned 1714–27), George II (reigned 1727–60), George III (reigned 1760–1820), George IV (reigned 1820–30), William IV (reigned 1830–37), and Victoria (reigned 1837–1901). It was succeeded by the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, which was renamed in 1917 the house of Windsor . After the English Revolution of 1688–89, the Act of Settlement of 1701 secured the English crown to Protestants. It made Anne (of the house of Stuart) the heir presumptive; and, if she lacked issue, the crown was to go to Sophia , electress of Hanover (granddaughter of James I), and her descendants, passing over many Roman Catholics in the normal line of succession. The electress predeceased Anne by two months, and the crown went to Sophia’s son, George I. The first two Georges were considered foreigners, especially by many Scots, and in 1715 and 1745 the Stuart claimants—James Edward, the Old Pretender, and Charles Edward, the Young Pretender—vainly attempted to regain the throne. George III, born in England, achieved wider British recognition. Hanover (an electorate, which became a kingdom in 1814) was joined to the British crown until 1837. In that year Victoria inherited the British crown but, by continental Salic Law , was barred as a woman from succession to Hanover, which went to William IV’s brother, Ernest Augustus , duke of Cumberland. Overview of Queen Victoria’s reign. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Learn More in these related articles: in United Kingdom


Who created the fictional CIA man Jack Ryan?

New ‘Jack Ryan’ Movie Has A New Name: ‘Shadow One’ New ‘Jack Ryan’ Movie Has A New Name: ‘Shadow One’ Patricia Didelot The new Jack Ryan film starring Chris Pine (Star Trek Into Darkness, Unstoppable) and Keira Knightley (Anna Karenina, Atonement) has a new title, Jack Ryan: Shadow One. The movie is being directed by Kenneth Branagh, who also stars as the villain along with an all star cast lead by Pine and Knightley along with Kevin Costner (Man Of Steel). Jack Ryan is the fictional character created by author Tom Clancy who has appeared in several of his novels and movie adaptations of them. The character has been seen at several stages of his life. In this film he is a young CIA operative who uncovers a Russian plot to destroy the US economy with a terrorist attack. The movie is considered a prequel which goes back to a time prior to any of the other films we’ve seen in the past. The synopsis is as follows, Chris Pine takes the character to its beginning, where the injured Marine is recruited by CIA vet Kevin Costner to work as a high-level analyst. The two are pitted against a Russian oligarch (played by Branagh) who is pulling the strings of the financial market and delving into international terrorism with potential global catastrophic results. Jack Ryan, the character, first delved into the public’s consciousness with The Hunt For Red October , the first of Clancy’s novels which included Ryan. Alec Baldwin played the role on the film by the same name. Ryan has also been played by Harrison Ford in Patriot Games(1992) and Clear And Present Danger(1994); and Ben Affleck in The Sum Of All Fears(2002). In this version Chris Pine plays Jack Ryan and Keira Knightley portrays his wife Cathy. According to screening reports we should be seeing a trailer from Paramount shortly. Jack Ryan: Shadow One is expected to be released on Christmas Day of this year.


What is the name collectively given to several groups of people in Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique, originally known as the Karanga?

Zimbabwe - Tribes and People Zimbabwe - Tribes and People The tribes and people of Zimbabwe (Individual projects will follow) The following at this stage are various notes - the aim is to refine them into a comprehensive and more cohesive overview of the Zimbabwean people. Zimbabwe is a mixture of people. More than two-thirds of the population speaks Shona as their first language. Shona-speaking people live mainly in the eastern two-thirds of the country, including the capital of Harare, and are made up of the following groups Karanga, Rozwi and Zezuru Around one in five Zimbabweans (the Ndebele and Kalanga groups) speak Northern Ndebele, commonly known as Sindebele. Both Shona and Sindebele are Bantu languages originating from the time when Bantu-speaking tribes populated the region over 1000 years ago. The Shona tribe is Zimbabwe's largest indigenous group whose tribal language is also called Shona (Bantu). Their population is around 9 million. They are the largest ethnic group in Zimbabwe. The Shona are found in Zimbabwe, Botswana and southern Mozambique. Representing over 80% of the population, the Shona tribe is culturally the most dominant tribe in Zimbabwe. Traditionally, Shona people live in isolated settlements, usually consisting of one or more elder men and their extended families. The Shona are a cluster of peoples who have lived for about 2,000 years in a region of the southern Africa Plateau that includes most of Zimbabwe and part of Mozambique. Shona is the name collectively given to two groups of Bantu people in the east and southeast of Zimbabwe, and southern Mozambique. History There have been many civilisations in Zimbabwe, evidence being the ancient stone structures at Khami, Great Zimbabwe and Dhlo-Dhlo. The "Great Zimbabwe" ruins have been radio carbon dated to approximately 600 A.D. Historic findings suggest that the ancestors of modern day Shona people built Great Zimbabwe and hundreds of other stone walled sites in Zimbabwe. Bantu-speaking farmers, either Khoisan settlers or Iron Age migrants from the north, were the first occupants of the Great Zimbabwe site in the south of the country. Between 500 and 1000AD, the Gokomere (a Bantu group) enslaved and absorbed San groups in the area. As early as the 11th century, some foundations and stonework were in place at Great Zimbabwe and the settlement, generally regarded as the burgeoning Shona society. One line of thought is that the Shona people are descendants from one group of families, that was ruled by one paramount Chief. This line of thought would justify the fact that such Shona High spirits as Chaminuka, Kaguvi and Nehanda command authority over all Shona tribes. It is this that could have enabled the Shona risings of 1896-7, known as the First Chimurenga. Before the risings there where a number of mhondoros (Mhondoro is a Shona language term meaning the founding ancestor of a particular dynasty) in the then Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) but none had the authority to co-ordinate the various Shona tribes against the European settlers. The Shona people as they are today are a fragmented horde of tribes with very tenuous bonds of unity between them. Most Shona people identify with a particular clan rather than with the Shona group as a whole, most Shona communities contain a mixture of clans. (Clan - group of people who descended from the same ancestor) The Shona consisted and still consist of two distinct families – the original Bantu occupants of the country and the conquerors – each of which has split up into a multiplicity of tribes. The original Shona occupants of Zimbabwe are all embodied under the umbrella name “Hungwe”. The conquerors of the Hungwe fall under the blanket name “Mbire”. It is believed that it was the Mbire who were the founders of the Mutapa Empire as well as the Rozvi Empire which was destroyed by the various Nguni tribes that passed through the land of Zimbabwe during the Mfecane wars. Namely, the Ndebele tribe, who now occupy southwest Zimbabwe, and the Shangane tribe in the southeast of Zimbabwe. The Hungwe settled in Zimb


In 1988, 290 people were killed when an Iranian airliner was shot down by a ship belonging to what navy?

THE DOWNING OF FLIGHT 655 - U.S. DOWNS IRAN AIRLINER MISTAKEN FOR F-14 - 290 REPORTED DEAD - A TRAGEDY, REAGAN SAYS - ACTION IS DEFENDED - NYTimes.com Autos THE DOWNING OF FLIGHT 655: U.S. DOWNS IRAN AIRLINER MISTAKEN FOR F-14 THE DOWNING OF FLIGHT 655: U.S. DOWNS IRAN AIRLINER MISTAKEN FOR F-14; 290 REPORTED DEAD; A TRAGEDY, REAGAN SAYS; ACTION IS DEFENDED By RICHARD HALLORAN, Special to the New York Times Published: July 4, 1988 WASHINGTON, July 3— A United States Navy warship in the Persian Gulf shot down an Iranian passenger plane today that the Navy said it mistook for a jet fighter, and Iran said all 290 people on board were killed. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Adm. William J. Crowe Jr., said the missile cruiser Vincennes, while seeking to protect itself from what was thought on the basis of radar readings to be a hostile F-14 jet fighter, downed the plane with a surface-to-air missile. The downing of the jetliner, an Iran Air Airbus A300, took place over the Strait of Hormuz, at the southern end of the gulf, while the Vincennes was being engaged by Iranian gunboats. U.S. Issues Regrets President Reagan, in a statement issued from the Presidential retreat in Camp David, Md., and Admiral Crowe, in a news briefing at the Pentagon, both said the United States regretted the loss of life on the airliner, Flight 655. Both defended the judgment of the warship's skipper, Capt. Will C. Rogers 3d, saying that the first responsibility of a Navy vessel's commander was to protect his ship and crew. [ A transcript of Admiral Crowe's news conference appears on pages 4 and 5. ] Admiral Crowe rejected a comparison with the episode on Sept. 1, 1983, in which a Soviet fighter plane shot down a Korean Air Lines passenger jet over the Sea of Japan, killing all 269 on board. He said the main difference was that the Korean plan ''was not in a war zone'' and that ''there was no combat in progress'' when it was shot down. The admiral said these two factors were in play during the attack today. A Review Is Planned The admiral said the actions aboard the Vincennes would be reviewed by Rear Adm. William N. Fogarty of the Central Command, which has its headquarters in Tampa, Fla. The Central Command is responsible for United States military operations in the gulf. Admiral Crowe said the rules of engagement, which set conditions under which an American commander may fire his weapons, would be reviewed. But he said ''the commanding officer had a very heavy obligation to protect his ship, his people.'' State Department officials said American embassies had been warned to be on the alert for possible Iranian retaliation, a precaution they described as routine. Iran condemned the attack and vowed to ''avenge the blood of our martyrs.'' The diplomatic officials said the downing would not force the United States to revise its policy of seeking to keep the Persian Gulf open to international maritime traffic. At the White House, a spokesman said Mr. Reagan planned to remain at Camp David until noon Monday, when the President was scheduled to return to the capital. But other officials, including the national security adviser, Lieut. General Colin L. Powell, were said to be returning from their weekend holidays to handle the crisis. U.S. Offers Account At a Pentagon news conference today, Admiral Crowe gave this account of today's confrontation: At about 10:10 A.M. in the gulf (2:10 A.M., Eastern daylight time), Iranian gunboats fired on a helicopter from the Vincennes. The cruiser turned to engage the gunboats and, in response, the gunboats sped toward the Vincennes as if to fire. At 10:42 A.M., both the Vincennes, a 9,600-ton cruiser equipped with advanced radar, other sensors and computerized fire controls, and the Montgomery, a 4,200-ton frigate, opened fire on the gunboats with five-inch guns, apparently sinking two and damaging a third. At 10:47 A.M., while the Vincennes was engaged with the gunboats, the combat information center that the cruiser maintains detected an aircraft over Iran. The plane, later identified as Iran Air


Benedict XVI: German cardinal elected pope - World news - One year later: Remembering Pope John Paul II | NBC News Benedict XVI: German cardinal elected pope ‘I entrust myself to your prayers,’ he tells wildly cheering crowd Below: Advertise Alessandro Bianchi  /  Reuters Pope Benedict XVI greets the crowd in St. Peter's Square after being elected by the conclave of cardinals Tuesday. msnbc.com news services + - VATICAN CITY  — Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany, a hard-line guardian of conservative doctrine, was elected the new pope Tuesday evening in the first conclave of the new millennium. He chose the name Pope Benedict XVI and called himself “a simple, humble worker.” An inauguration Mass for the new pope was set for Sunday at 10 a.m. local time, 4 a.m. ET. Benedict XVI decided to spend the night at the Vatican hotel where cardinals have been staying, and to dine with the cardinals. Ratzinger, the first German pope since the 11th century, emerged onto the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica, where he waved to a wildly cheering crowd of tens of thousands and gave his first blessing as the church's 265th pope. Other cardinals clad in their crimson robes came out on other balconies to watch him. “Dear brothers and sisters, after the great Pope John Paul II, the cardinals have elected me — a simple, humble worker in the vineyard of the Lord,” he said. “I entrust myself to your prayers,” the pope said. “The fact that the Lord can work and act even with insufficient means consoles me, and above all I entrust myself to your prayers,” the new pope said in his first public address . “I entrust myself to your prayers.” The crowd responded by chanting “Benedict! Benedict!” In Washington, President Bush offered his congratulations, calling the new pope "a man of great wisdom and knowledge." Advertise If the new pope was paying tribute to the last pontiff of that name, it could be interpreted as a bid to soften his image as the Vatican’s doctrinal hard-liner. Benedict XV, who reigned from 1914 to 1922, was a moderate after Pius X, who had implemented a sharp crackdown against doctrinal “modernism.” Crackdown on ‘relativism’ On Monday, Ratzinger, who was the powerful dean of the College of Cardinals, used his homily at the Mass dedicated to electing the next pope to warn the faithful about tendencies that he considered dangers to the faith: sects, ideologies like Marxism, liberalism, atheism, agnosticism and relativism — the ideology that there are no absolute truths. “Having a clear faith, based on the creed of the church, is often labeled today as a fundamentalism,” he said, speaking in Italian. “We are moving towards a dictatorship of relativism, which does not recognize anything as definitive and has as its highest value one’s own ego and one’s own desires.” His conservative actions include a letter of advice last year to U.S. bishops on denying communion to politicians who support abortion rights, which some observers viewed as a slam at then Democratic presidential candidate Sen. John Kerry. He also accused the media of fueling the priest sex abuse scandals of recent years. "I am personally convinced," he one told an interviewer, "that the constant presence in the press of the sins of Catholic priests, especially in the U.S., is a planned campaign." And Sister Jeannine Gramick, a nun whom he ordered to stop ministering to gays and lesbians in the United States, called his election "devastating" for those who believe the Catholic Church needs to be more tolerant. Disciplined church dissidents Ratzinger served John Paul II since 1981 as head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In that position, he has disciplined church dissidents and upheld church policy against attempts by liberals for reforms. He turned 78 on Saturday. The new pope had gone into the conclave with the most buzz among two dozen leading candidates. He had impressed many faithful with his stirring homily at the funeral of John Paul II, who died April 2 at age 84. Ratzinger is the oldest elected since Clement XII, who was chosen in 1730 at 78 but


"In the 2004 film ""Sideways"", the character of Miles is disparaging about what?"

iTunes Movie of the Week: Alexander Payne's SIDEWAYS (2004) | Blog | Fox Searchlight iTunes Movie of the Week: Alexander Payne's SIDEWAYS (2004) Cameron Cook April 11, 2011 With Paul Giamatti garnering rave reviews for his performance in WIN WIN , and Alexander Payne's new film THE DESCENDANTS coming out on Searchlight at the end of this year (not to mention his role in producing Miguel Arteta's CEDAR RAPIDS ), it seems like the perfect time to revisit Mr. Payne's 2004 ode to wine and middle-age, SIDEWAYS. PURCHASE SIDEWAYS NOW SIDEWAYS is the story of Miles (Paul Giamatti) and Jack (Thomas Hayden Church, in an Academy Award-nominated role) who embark on a wine-tasting road trip across California to blow off some steam before Jack's big wedding. Old college buddies, Jack and Miles couldn't be different: Jack is a charming womanizer out for one last shot at freedom, whereas Miles is a dawdling writer/English teacher obsessed with his unpublishable his novel, and his own anxiety. What starts off as a jolly romp between the two swiftly transforms into a revealing mishmash of ridiculous situations, beautiful women, and drunken last grasps at their fading youths. You'll laugh, you'll commiserate, you'll kind of feel bad for them, but you'll definitely watch it again and again. SIDEWAYS has scored  a ridiculously stellar 97% on Rotten Tomatoes . The film was a smashing success for Alexander Payne and the cast, winning the Academy Award for Best Screenplay (Adapted) and the Golden Globes for Best Picture (Comedy or Musical) and Best Screenplay, while netting Academy Award nominations for both Thomas Hayden Church and Virginia Madsen. Here's what some critics had to say at the time of the film's release: "There's not a false note here, and the entire supporting cast -- Madsen, Oh, Church and Marylouise Burke as Miles's Mother -- is uniformly excellent. It rambles along at its own good-natured pace, playing both for laughs and for laments."Teresa Wiltz, The Washington Post "Alexander Payne finds plots that service his characters, instead of limiting them. The characters are played not by the first actors you would think of casting, but by actors who will prevent you from ever being able to imagine anyone else in their roles."Roger Ebert, The Chicago Sun-Times "SIDEWAYS is by far the year's best American movie. It's vigorous, gracious, tenderly attentive to Miles' and Jack's immense flaws  a paean to the durability of life's losers, which is to say most of us. This sunny, funny trip of a film would stamp a 2-hr. smile even on Miles' forlorn face."Richard Corliss, TIME Magazine "Sideways is quasi-Chekhovian in the moving vitality of its ever-hopeful prisoners exploring their lost aspirations. It could turn out to be the best English-language picture of the year."Andrew Sarris, The New York Observer "Sideways" is a wonderful film, so accomplished that it looks effortless. In his fourth feature, Payne has refined his simple but eloquent style to the point where it serves the material fully without an ounce of ostentation."Todd McCarthy, Variety Also, according to the film's Wikipedia page , SIDEWAYS' acclaim actually impacted Merlot and Pinot Noir sales the year of its release: Throughout the film, Miles speaks fondly of the red wine varietal Pinot noir, while denigrating Merlot. Following the film's U.S. release in October 2004, Merlot sales dropped 2% while Pinot noir sales increased 16% in the Western United States. A similar trend occurred in British wine outlets. Sales of Merlot dropped after the film's release possibly due to Miles' disparaging remarks about the varietal in the film. However, sales of Merlot in the United States remain more than double those of Pinot noir, the country's second most popular wine. Actually, we'd be lying if we said we've never quoted the phrase "If anyone orders Merlot, I'm LEAVING!" at several dinners in the past. share


Where are the islands called Big Chicken, Chick, Hen, East Sister, Middle and Mohawk?

Lake Erie - Ice Fishing Lake Erie   Lake Erie Ice fishing on Lake Erie is not as well known as some other lakes but is still great because, unlike the other, larger of the great lakes, it freezes over in the winter. Lake Erie is named after the Erie tribe of Native Americans who lived along its south shore.Lake Erie is one of the smallest of the five great lakes. Its surface area is just under 10 000 square miles and the average depth is only 62 feet. Lake Erie is bordered in the north by the Canadian province of Ontario, in the south by the American states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, and on the west by the state of Michigan. The cities of Buffalo, Erie, Toledo, Port Stanley, Monroe, and Cleveland, are located on the shores of Lake Erie. This lake has several islands to explore. Ballast Island ,Big Chicken Island, Chick Island, East Sister Island, Gibraltar Island, Green Island, Gull Island, Hen Island, Johnson's Island, Kelleys Island, Little Chicken Island, Lost Ballast Island, Middle Island, Middle Bass Island, Middle Sister Island, Mohawk Island, Mouse Island, North Bass Island, North Harbour Island, Pelee Island, Rattlesnake Island, South Bass Island, Starve Island, Sugar Island, Turtle Island, and West Sister Island. The ice on Lake Erie can get thick enough to plant a hut on so if you are heading out there be sure to check the thickness, because you still never know. The main fish that are caught on this lake are walleye, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, chinook salmon, coho salmon, rainbow trout, brown trout, northern pike, largemouth bass and carp. If you are going ice fishing on Lake Erie, the Division of Wildlife recommends contacting a licensed Ohio Lake Erie fishing guide. Please Share This Page!


"What British television programme starring Stephen Fry, based in a small Norfolk town (where the local pub is called the ""Startled Duck""), was cancelled after 3 series?"

Literary Norfolk Literary Norfolk Stephen Fry as Peter Kingdom Cast and Characters Phyllida Law - Aunt Auriel   Kingdom is set in the fictional town of    Market Shipborough and features country solicitor Peter Kingdom.    Each week he attempts to deal with an assortment of    eccentric clients aided and abetted by his assistant    Lyle - played by Karl Davies. Peter Kingdom's life is    also complicated by his disreputable, missing brother (Simon)    and by his needy, pregnant sister (Beatrice). It is    Stephen Fry's first ITV drama since Jeeves and    Wooster in 1993. Holkham Beach from    Wells The    series was shot almost entirely on location in Norfolk and    Stephen Fry describes the appeal of the show as follows:    'Kingdom does promise viewers a glimpse of the locations    I love, and an hour in front of the television that will    wash them in colours, textures, landscapes and    characters that delight.' The show was created by Simon    Wheeler and written by Jeff Povey and Alan Whiting. The centre of Swaffham features extensively in    most episodes  - namely the market place, the 18th century    Butter Cross (which Kingdom usually drives past in his Alvis TE 21) and Oakleigh House which is transformed    into his office. The Swaffham town sign - which depicts    the famous pedlar John Chapman - is also transformed to    become the Market Shipborough sign. The Greyhound pub    becomes The Startled Duck and in one episode a Break    Charity Shop even became Tiger Lily's Sex Shop. The    Ecotech wind turbine is also visible is most episodes. Swaffham actually lies about 20 miles from the coast    - but a sound track featuring sea gulls gives the    impression that it is by the sea. The shots of the harbour    and quayside are filmed at Wells-next-the-Sea in North Norfolk. The spectacular    beach scenes are shot at Holkham . Swaffham has benefited from the 'Kingdom effect' due    to increased tourism and also from money pumped into    the local economy by the filmmakers. The series has also used other Norfolk locations including: Happisburgh Lighthouse,    Little Snoring Airfield, Hunstanton , RAF Marham, Scroby Sands wind farm, Dereham , the Norfolk Broads , Cockley Cley Hall    (Aunt Auriel's house) Bintree Mill, Great Massingham and Thetford . In many ways Kingdom is classic Sunday    evening entertainment - portraying likeable    characters in a picturesque setting - in the tradition    of shows such as Last of the Summer    Wine, Heartbeat or All Creatures Great and    Small. Screen East assisted    the filmmakers of Kingdom with locations, crew    and facilities and Kerry Ixer (Head of Locations) said:    ' This is a fantastic film industry showcase for Norfolk    combining the county's great beauty, local skilled    workforce and film-friendliness.'


"Which wedding anniversary is ""coral""?"

Coral Anniversary Gift Ideas - FindGift.com Jewelry Thirty five years, and you still love your spouse as much as the day you were married. Commemorate this milestone 35th wedding anniversary with a traditional gift of coral. FindGift offers a large variety of coral anniversary gift ideas that will be treasured for years on end. Shop unique coral home decor items such as vases, bookends, candle holders and trays to add a touch of sophistication to any room. Or celebrate your 35th anniversary with a gift personalized with a special sentiment that professes your timeless love. gifts per page 1 - 24 of 24 gift ideas 1 gifts per page 1 - 24 of 24 gift ideas 1 Find deals on Free Shipping Discount Codes, Sale Items, Clearance and more.


Which King was less than a year old when he became King of England?

Timeline of the Kings & Queens of England There have been 66 monarchs of England and Britain spread over a period of 1500 years.   SAXON KINGS EGBERT 827 - 839 Egbert (Ecgherht) was the first monarch to establish a stable and extensive rule over all of Anglo-Saxon England. After returning from exile at the court of Charlemagne in 802, he regained his kingdom of Wessex. Following his conquest of Mercia in 827, he controlled all of England south of the Humber. After further victories in Northumberland and North Wales, he is recognised by the title Bretwalda ( Anglo-Saxon , "ruler of the British". A year before he died aged almost 70, he defeated a combined force of Danes and Cornish at Hingston Down in Cornwall. He is buried at Winchester in Hampshire. AETHELWULF 839-856 King of Wessex , son of Egbert and father of Alfred the Great. In 851 Aethelwulf defeated a Danish army at the battle of Oakley while his eldest son Althelstan fought and beat the Danes at sea off the coast of Kent , in what is believed to be the first naval battle. A highly religous man, Athelwulf travelled to Rome with his son Alfred to see the Pope in 855. AETHELBALD 856 - 860 The eldest son of Aethelwulf, Æthelbald was born around 834. He was crowned at Kingston-upon-Thames in southwest London, after forcing his father to abdicate upon his return from pilgrimage to Rome. Following his fathers death in 858, he married his widowed stepmother Judith, but under pressure from the church the marriage was annulled after only a year. He is buried at Sherbourne Abbey in Dorset . AETHELBERT 860 - 866 Became king following the death of his brother Æthelbald. Like his brother and his father, Aethelbert (pictured to the right) was crowned at Kingston-Upon-Thames. Shortly after his succession a Danish army landed and sacked Winchester before being defeated by the Saxons. In 865 the Viking Great Heathen Army landed in East Anglia and swept across England. He is buried at Sherborne Abbey. AETHELRED I 866 - 871 Aethelred succeeded his brother Aethelbert. His reign was one long struggle with the Danes who had occupied York in 866, establishing the Viking kingdom of Yorvik . When the Danish Army moved south Wessex itself was threatened, and so together with his brother Alfred, they fought several battles with the Vikings at Reading, Ashdown and Basing. Aethelred suffered serious injuries during the next major battle at Meretun in Hampshire; he died of his wounds shortly after at Witchampton in Dorset, where he was buried. ALFRED THE GREAT 871 - 899 - son of AETHELWULF Born at Wantage in Berkshire around 849, Alfred was well educated and is said to have visited Rome on two occasions. He had proven himself to be a strong leader in many battles, and as a wise ruler managed to secure five uneasy years of peace with the Danes, before they attacked Wessex again in 877. Alfred was forced to retreat to a small island in the Somerset Levels and it was from here that he masterminded his comeback, perhaps ' burning the cakes ' as a consequence. With major victories at Edington, Rochester and London, Alfred established Saxon Christian rule over first Wessex, and then on to most of England. To secure his hard won boundaries Alfred founded a permanent army and an embryonic Royal Navy. To secure his place in history, he began the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. EDWARD (The Elder) 899 - 924 Succeeded his father Alfred the Great. Edward retook southeast England and the Midlands from the Danes. Following the the death of his sister Aethelflaed of Mercia , Edward unites the kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia. In 923, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles record that the Scottish King Constantine II recognises Edward as "father and lord". The following year, Edward is killed in a battle against the Welsh near Chester . His body is returned to Winchester for burial. ATHELSTAN 924 - 939 Son of Edward the Elder, Athelstan extended the boundaries of his kingdom at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937. In what is said to be one of the bloodiest battles ever fought on British soil, Athelstan defeated a combined army of Scots


"What is the meaning of the old English word ""coomb""?"

coomb | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary noun British a deep, narrow valley; ravine Webster’s New World College Dictionary, Fourth Edition, compiled by the editors of Webster’s New World Dictionaries. Copyright © 2010 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved. Word origin of 'coomb' ME < OE cumb (in place names) < Celt base *kumbos < IE *kumb-, var. of base *keu-, bend > cup , hive Example sentences containing 'coomb' Their torches could be seen winding up the coomb in many lines. J.R.R. Tolkien THE LORD OF THE RINGS Vainly they crawled and clambered about the walls of the coomb , seeking to escape . J.R.R. Tolkien THE LORD OF THE RINGS `Not far ahead now lies Helm's Dike, an ancient trench and rampart scored across the coomb , two furlongs below Helm's Gate . J.R.R. Tolkien THE LORD OF THE RINGS


"The ""Pangboche Hand"" is used as proof of the existence of what?"

Pangboche Hand « Trafficking Culture Author: Donna Yates Last Modified: 14 Aug 2013 The Pangboche Hand is an alleged Yeti hand, stolen from a Nepali monastery. A finger was stolen in 1958 and smuggled by actor James Stewart and the complete hand was stolen in the early 1990s. The Nepali village of Pangboche is quite close to the base of Mount Everest and is a stopping point on the most heavily used route for climbers and trekkers on their way to Everest Base Camp (Stevens 1993: 412). It is considered to be a holy place. According to legend, Lama Sangwa Dorjee, who brought Buddhism to the region in the 17th century, flew over the Himalayas and landed on a rock at Pangboche, leaving his footprints in the stone and founding several monasteries. The monastery at Pangboche is the oldest monastery attributed to either Lama Sangwa Dorjee or one of his incarnations. The Pangboche Monastery is famous for being the home of a fragmentary mummified hand that is said to have come from a Yeti. Yeti are well-known characters in high-Himalaya popular mythology and have been incorporated into the local interpretation of Buddhism. Yeti are also a common topic of conversation between western climbers and the Indigenous people of the region. Most climbers report hearing stories of Yeti (e.g. Shipton 1952: 140; Tenzig Norgay 1955: 24), and some report seeing evidence of Yeti with their own eyes or participate in searches for evidence of the Yeti (e.g. Bishop 1962 for the search conducted by the Sir Edmund Hillary). At least historically, the Yeti was perceived as a threat to the people of the region, and a widespread fear of Yeti has been recorded among the Sherpa (Bjønness 1986: 291). The Pangboche hand was treated as a ritual object that was connected to the luck and safety of the monastery. Other monasteries in the region also have yeti relics which served similar purposes, for example a yeti skullcap housed at the Khumjung monestary (Burns 1962). Theft of a Finger (1958) In 1958 an explorer named Peter Byrne traveled to the Himalayas to look for evidence of the existence of the Yeti (Hill 2011). While staying at Pangboche, Byrne reported that a Nepalese-speaking monastery custodian showed him what looked like a large mummified primate hand (Byrne 2011). Back in London, Byrne related the story of the hand to Professor William Osman Hill, a primatologist at the Royal College of Surgeon’s Hunterian Museum, and to Tom Slick, a Texas oil heir and the funder of the Yeti expedition.  Pangboche finger. Image from Daily Mail. Both Hill and Slick were interested in obtaining the hand, however Byrne made it clear that the lamas at Pangboche believed that the removal of the hand would bring disaster to the temple (Hill 2011). In the most lurid version of the story, which seems to have been told in several different ways, the three men are then alleged to have hatched a plan to steal one of the fingers for scientific testing. Prof. Hill is said to have produced a brown paper bag that contained a desiccated human finger for Byrne to take back to Nepal (Hill 2011). Once there, this account has Byrne stealing one of the fingers from the Yeti hand, and replacing it with the finger provided by Prof. Hill (Hill 2011). Writing in 2011, Byrne presents a slightly different account of how he came into possession of the finger than has been previously published in the media. He claims that, upon receiving a wire from Hill and Slick instructing him to obtain the hand while he was still in Nepal, he began to bargain with the lamas (Byrne 2011). He states that they agreed to give him a finger if he replaced it with another finger and made a contribution to the temple. Byrne then hiked back to India, flew to London, obtained the finger from Hill, and returned with it to Nepal (Byrne 2011). There he wired it into place with the permission of the monks. Other accounts state that he got the monks drunk so that they would not protest (Allsop 2007). An Unlikely Smuggler Byrne states that he planned to hold on to the finger for a few months and then find someone in Kathm


Aquarium Fish Diseases and How to Spot Them | Tetra Aquarium Gasping at the water’s surface. Cause: Usually attacks fish that are stressed, which can be caused by factors including rapid temperature and pH fluctuations.   Treatment: Tetra Lifeguard ®  Remove filter carbon and turn off UV sterilizer. Add one tablet per day to each 5 gallons of water. Treat for 5 consecutive days. Repeat until symptoms clear. Secondary infections are also common and can be treated with antibiotics or general cures like Tetra Ick Guard ® or Tetra Fungus Guard ®. Consistent temperature and good water quality will help prevent infections, in addition to using aquarium salt. RAGGED TAIL FIN A progressive deterioration of the tail and/or fins. Fins become frayed or their color may fade.  Cause: A bacterial infection may cause this tail and fin rot in susceptible fish—those who are bullied or injured by fin-nipping tank mates—especially in aquariums with poor conditions. Treatment: Tetra Lifeguard ® Remove filter carbon and turn off UV sterilizer. Add one tablet per day to each 5 gallons of water. Treat for 5 consecutive days. Repeat until symptoms clear. If the clamped fins are the result of infections, a multipurpose treatment like Tetra Fungus Guard ® is the first line of treatment. Good practice of adding 1 tbs. aquarium salt per gallon will help prevent clamped fins.  TAIL, FIN, AND MOUTH ROT Physical/Behavioral Signs or Symptoms:  A progressive deterioration of the tail and/or fins. Fins become frayed or their color may fade. Cause: A bacterial infection may cause tail, fin and mouth rot in susceptible fish—those who are bullied or injured by fin-nipping tank mates—especially in aquariums with poor conditions. Treatment: Tetra Lifeguard ®  Remove filter carbon and turn off UV sterilizer. Add one tablet per day to each 5 gallons of water. Treat for 5 consecutive days. Repeat until symptoms clear. If the clamped fins are the result of infections, a multipurpose treatment like Tetra Fungus Guard ® is the first line of treatment. Good practice of adding 1 tbs. aquarium salt per gallon will help prevent clamped fins.  Note: Always remove activated carbon before administering any treatments. FUNGUS Physical/Behavioral Signs or Symptoms:  Initially, you’ll notice a gray or whitish growth in and on the skin and/or fins. Untreated fungus resembles a cottony growth.  Eventually, as fungus continues to eat away at the fish’s body, the fish will die. Cause: Fish who develop fungus are already in a vulnerable state, the result of other serious health problems or attacks, such as parasites, a physical injury or a bacterial infection. Treatment: Tetra Lifeguard ®  Remove filter carbon and turn off UV sterilizer. Add one tablet per day to each 5 gallons of water. Treat for 5 consecutive days. Repeat until symptoms clear.Many bacterial infections are misdiagnosed as fungal, so common medications include both a fungicide and antibiotics. Tetra Fungus Guard ® contains malachite green and formalin; treat one tablet per 10 gallons once every 4 days until symptoms are gone. Remove activated carbon and conduct partial water changes in between treatments. CLAMPED FIN Fins are folded against the body and not fanned out as they should be. Listless behavior. Cause: Not indicative of one specific disease. Can be a reflection of various problems, including bad water quality and/or parasites. Important to first determine the specific problem in order to treat fish properly. Treatment: Test the aquarium water to review overall quality and conduct a partial water change to ensure healthy conditions. If the illness is the result of infections, a multipurpose antibiotic like Tetra Lifeguard ® is the first lines of treatment. is the first line of treatment. Good practice of adding 1 tbs. aquarium salt per gallon will help prevent clamped fin. Note: Always remove activated carbon before administering any treatments. DROPSY Protruding scales. Cause: A bacterial infection of the kidneys, which causes fluid accumulation or renal failure. It appears to create problems only in we


How many US states share a land border with the state of Maine?

Maine Sens. King, Collins tour Texas border, differ over where blame lies - Central Maine increase font size Maine Sens. King, Collins tour Texas border, differ over where blame lies As the House passes immigration bills, the president reportedly has plans to allow millions of undocumented migrants to stay in the U.S. By Edward D. Murphy and Matt Byrne Portland Press Herald Share Read Article Sleeping mats line a holding cell at the new intake facility built to help alleviate overcrowding at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection's McAllen Station in McAllen, Texas. The facility is among those Maine Sen. Angus King is expected to visit on Friday. The Associated Press Following a tour of immigration facilities along the Texas-Mexico border Friday, U.S. Sens. Angus King, I-Maine, and Susan Collins, R-Maine, offered different opinions of whom to blame for the immigration crisis involving tens of thousands of unaccompanied Central American children attempting to cross into the United States illegally. Collins said President Barack Obama has been slow to counter the perception that these children will be allowed to stay if they reach U.S. soil. She also said the president is pursuing a “piecemeal” approach to the problem rather than a comprehensive solution. King said the president could have been more forceful in telling Central Americans there is no “free pass” to come to the U.S., but that the president isn’t solely to blame. “I think it’s an overstatement to blame Obama for this,” King said, pointing to a host of economic and social problems afflicting El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala. He said part of the answer should be to help those countries solve their problems and assist Mexico in securing its own southern border with Central America. The visits by King, Collins and other elected officials came the same day that the U.S. House approved two measures to address the child-migrant crisis. The bills would provide about $700 million in emergency funding, speed the deportations of most border-crossers and rescind Obama’s authority to decide whether to deport certain illegal immigrants. The Senate won’t take up the measures until Congress returns in September, and with the White House and most Democrats strongly opposed, they are unlikely to become law. Also Friday, the Washington Post reported that Obama is preparing to announce new measures that would potentially allow millions of illegal immigrants to remain in the United States without fear of deportation, a politically explosive decision that could jolt Washington just weeks before the midterm elections, according to people who have been in touch with the White House. Administration officials have told allies in private meetings that both the current surge of Central American children crossing the border and Congress’ failure this year to pass a broader immigration overhaul have propelled the president toward taking action on his own by summer’s end, the Post reported. Obama aides have discussed a range of options that could provide legal protections and work permits to a significant portion of the nation’s more than 11 million undocumented residents, said Democratic lawmakers and immigrant advocates who have met recently with White House officials. Ideas under consideration could include temporary relief for law-abiding undocumented immigrants who are closely related to U.S. citizens or those who have lived in the country a certain number of years – a population that advocates say could reach as high as 5 million, according to the Post. For weeks, the nation’s attention has been focused on the child-migrant crisis. In the meantime, many of the tens of thousands of children attempting to migrate from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador are being held in detention facilities by federal immigration authorities while elected officials in Washington have argued over how to deal with the new arrivals. King and Collins were among seven senators who toured detention centers and the border itself in the Rio Grande Valley Friday. They visited the McAllen Border Patrol Statio


With how many pieces does each player start a game of Backgammon?

Frequently Asked Questions | How to Play Backgammon How to Play Backgammon What is the Aim of Backgammon? The object of Backgammon is to remove (bear off) all your checkers from the board. Who invented Backgammon? No one knows who invented Backgammon. Currently evidence including early dice made of human bones indicates Backgammon originated around 5,000 years ago in what today is known as Iraq. How many pieces does each player start with in a game of Backgammon? Each player starts with 15 checkers of their own colour. How many points are on a Backgammon Board? There are 24 points on a backgammon board. What is a Gammon? This is when a game ends and the loser has not removed any checkers from the board. What is a Backgammon? This is when the game ends and loser has not only failed to remove any checkers from the board but also has a checker on the bar or in the winners home board. About How to Play Backgammon How to Play Backgammon is your starting point to find out everything about Backgammon. We show you how to play the game, where you can play the game, the equipment you need to play backgammon and once you have mastered the game we look at ways for it to make you money. Useful Links


Who took the official photographs on 25 November, relating to the engagement of Prince William and Kate Middleton, which were released in December 2010?

Prince William & Kate Middleton’s Official Engagement Photos by Mario Testino Prince William & Kate Middleton’s official engagement portraits by Mario Testino [ad#textbanner1] Two new official photographs of Prince William and his fiancee Kate Middleton, taken by Mario Testino, were released Sunday to mark their engagement. One portrait is an intimate close-up of the prince hugging his bride-to-be, while the other shows the two 28-year-olds in a more formal pose, standing side by side in the red carpeted council chamber of St James’ Palace in London. They were taken on November 25, nine days after the couple announced they were finally tying the knot after an eight-year romance. The wedding has been set for April 29 next year, at Westminster Abbey in London. Peruvian-born Testino, who was responsible for some of the most enduring photographs of William’s mother Princess Diana had this to say: “I am very happy to have been asked to cover this historic moment that the whole world was waiting for.  “They are in their prime and brimming with happiness. I have never felt so much joy as when I see them together.” In the formal photo, Kate  is wearing a white dress from high street retailer Reiss, while he is wearing a dark suit, blue tie and white shirt from Turnbull and Asser.  In the casual one, both were in jeans.


What is the name for a two-edged sword traditionally used by Scottish highlanders?

History of Scottish Swords and Daggers Enter your e-mail below to be notified of new products, discounts and tips Scottish Swords or, When Men Wear Skirts, They Need Big Swords Twisted Hilt Claymore There weren't a lot of them, but pound for pound, Scots were one of the most ferocious group of warriors in the world. Even without heavy armor or a lot of horses, these legendary fighting men took huge swaths of land away from the English, and could have continued to take land if not for internal strife and politics. By now we've all heard of the famous warlord William Wallace, who led one of the greatest Scottish advances in history. Wallace was responsible for some of the greatest Scottish victories against the English, including the famous battle of Stirling Bridge. This battle cemented the Scots' reputation as fierce and unpredictable (although many of the english felt this battle proved that the Scots had no honor. The Scots retort that the english are sore losers). The battle took place in Stirling, near and on the Forth River. The English, who for centuries practiced the art of mass suicide by forming neat little lines and marching honorably toward their enemies, began crossing the Stirling bridge in their usual fashion. They marched across in neat lines, with troops spreading back into formation as they crossed. It was expected of honorable enemies that they wait for the opposing army to set up before engaging in combat, and the English fully expected this from the Scots. Wallace made it seem as if they were doing just that, waiting until the English army was split on both sides of the bridge before finally giving the signal to attack. They began hacking apart the men that had made it across, causing pandemonium among the English. English Knights rode onto the bridge, already crowded with soldiers, trying to help their dying countrymen, but the bridge proved to be overloaded and began falling apart. Soldiers on the bridge fell off in droves. Most of the armored soldiers that fell into the river drowned (armor and water don't mix boys and girls), and the rest of the soldiers became mired in a gridlock of solider's and knights. They began hacking apart the men that had made it across, causing pandemonium among the English. English Knights rode onto the bridge, already crowded with soldiers, trying to help their dying countrymen, but the bridge proved to be overloaded and began falling apart. Soldiers on the bridge fell off in droves. Most of the armored soldiers that fell into the river drowned (armor and water don't mix boys and girls), and the rest of the soldiers became mired in a gridlock of solider's and knights. The Scots overwhelmed the English troops that had made it across. In the meantime, a squad of Scots forded the Forth at a shallow spot down river and flanked the English. When the English army, in full route now, retreated (many swimming across the river or crossing in shallower spots) the Scots were waiting for them and finished them off on the opposite bank. It was a slaughter, and a decisive victory for Wallace. Swords of the Scots The Scots fought with a variety of swords and daggers, but the ones they are most famous for are listed and described below: The Scottish Claymore ( Claidheamh Mòr) The claymore was an awesome sword on the battlefield. The amazing reach (as much as 60 inches of overall length for standard claymores)made it extremely difficult for opponents to close with the wielder. The long ricasso allowed the bearer to switch to a more close-quarters style of combat if an opponent made it inside his distance. The claymore (or more accurately, "Claidheamh-mor" in Gaelic) was first reportedly used in the 13th century, and was used as recently as the 18th century. The twisted hilt claymore was the most recent of the claymores (c. 1500) and features the downward-angled crosses that end in small honeycomb patterns. The twisted wooden hilt was a better way to grip the sword (and the fact that it looks so damn cool probably had something to do with its broad acceptance among highlanders). Leg


The British and the French fought a battle on the Plains of Abraham in 1759. In which country did it take place?

Battle of the Plains of Abraham - The Canadian Encyclopedia History Battle of the Plains of Abraham The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (13 September 1759) was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of Québec to the British. The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (13 September 1759) was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm , leading to the surrender of Québec to the British. Both commanding officers died from wounds sustained during the battle. The French never recaptured Québec and effectively lost control of New France in 1760. At the end of the war in 1763 France surrendered many of its colonial possessions — including Canada — to the British. Seven Years War The battle was a key moment in the Seven Years’ War (1756–63), which was fought in Europe, India and North America (American history books refer to the conflict in North America as the French and Indian War). On one side was the alliance of France, Austria, Sweden, Saxony, Russia and Spain; on the other, the alliance of Britain, Prussia and Hanover. While France was preoccupied by the hostilities in Europe, Britain targeted French colonies overseas and attacked the French navy and merchant fleet, in the hope of destroying France as a commercial rival. Although the French repulsed several British attacks in North America — including the successful defence of Fort Carillon by Montcalm — the British had made significant gains by 1759. On 26 July 1758, they captured the fortress of Louisbourg on Île Royale ( Cape Breton Island ), which led to the seizure of other French positions in Atlantic Canada, and left New France exposed to British ships, which could now sail up the St. Lawrence River . One of the brigadiers of the Louisbourg expedition was James Wolfe , who was praised in Britain and its American colonies for his role in taking the fortress. Expedition to Québec Wolfe, supported by a naval force under Vice-Admiral Charles Saunders, was appointed commanding officer of the British assault against the fortress city of Québec in 1759. On 27 June 1759, Wolfe and his men landed on the Île d’Orléans ; by the middle of July, the British also occupied positions on the southern bank of the St. Lawrence River at Point Lévis (directly across from Québec), and on the northern shore about 13 km from the city, close to the Montmorency Falls and a French army encampment at Beauport . However, the French forces at Beauport were protected by the Montmorency River, and any attempts against the city of Québec would have to face the fort’s battery of guns as well as the strong currents of the St. Lawrence. The French would be difficult to dislodge. The British attacked the French position at Beauport on 31 July, but were met by fierce resistance and had to retreat. At this point, Wolfe sent Brigadier James Murray to target French stores and shipping about 65 km upriver from Québec. While this reduced the supplies available to the French defenders, it did not lure Montcalm into open battle. In desperation, Wolfe resorted to the systematic destruction of the buildings and countryside around Québec, but Montcalm still refused to attack. However, in late August a number of British ships managed to navigate the difficult currents of the St. Lawrence River and sail past the Québec batteries, establishing a strong British naval presence upriver of the city. The British command therefore decided to try landing an invasion force upriver from Québec, cutting the city off from Montréal and thus compelling Montcalm and the French army to fight. The British Attack Wolfe decided to land at L’Anse-au-Foulon, about three km upstream from Québec City, at the base of a cliff 53 m high. While historians have debated the logic and merits of this decision, the British were fortunate, as the area was only


William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, was executed for his anti-puritan views during what period of British history?

William Laud facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about William Laud COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. William Laud The English prelate William Laud (1573-1645) was archbishop of Canterbury and architect of Charles I's personal government. He was executed by the Long Parliament. William Laud was the son of a Reading clothier. He was educated in the town grammar school and received a scholarship to St. John's College, Oxford. He became a fellow and then was president of the college from 1611 to 1621. As an undergraduate, he had become aligned with the anti-Puritans, or Arminians, who opposed the doctrines of predestination and Presbyterianism. Instead, they believed in the continued manifestation of divine will in the historical development of the Church and therefore in the divine basis of episcopacy. Laud subscribed in theory to Arminian tolerance of doctrinal differences, but in action he was a believer in rigid enforcement of outward uniformity in worship, and he found strength in institutional authority. Laud's beliefs about theology and church government were not popular at Oxford, and he was spurred to achieve higher authority in the Church. In 1616 he was appointed dean of Gloucester Cathedral. Five years later he was made bishop of St. David's in Wales. But he was denied further advance in the Church, ultimately by King James I, who believed that Laud's precise reforms endangered the hard-won authority then exercised by the bishops. Favor from court flowed in Laud's direction with the accession of Charles I, who sympathized with Laud's goals. He became bishop of Bath and Wells and dean of the Chapel Royal in 1626, privy councilor in 1627, and bishop of London and chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1628. He at once set about dignifying the church buildings and conduct of worship in the diocese of London, enforced uniformity of academic dress at Oxford, and, as a member of the Star Chamber, began his persecution of Puritans. On Archbishop Abbot's death in 1633, Laud was appointed to the see of Canterbury, and from then until 1637 he carried out a rigorous program of decorousness, uniformity, and adherence to the Book of Common Prayer in the conduct of church services. The program was epitomized in the reconstruction of the facade of St. Paul's Cathedral according to the classical design of Inigo Jones. In the Star Chamber and High Commission many Puritans lost their church livings or were forbidden to preach, and laymen like William Prynne and John Lilburne were mutilated and whipped. Laud so emphasized religious discipline as the business of the Star Chamber that a court which had been popular for its expeditious settlement of civil suits now became the dreaded instrument of religious repression and arbitrary government. Laud also sought to restore church lands held by laymen since the Reformation. This further led to anxiety among the laity, even among those who might have supported a hierarchical episcopacy. Finally, Laud strove to reintroduce churchmen into the seats of political power. His martinet's mind was constantly frustrated by the corruption and dilatoriness of many privy councilors. In 1636 Bishop Juxon was made lord treasurer to the delight of Laud but to the increased consternation of lay politicians. Laud was in correspondence with Thomas Wentworth (later the 1st Earl of Strafford), the King's deputy lieutenant of Ireland. They shared the ideal of a strong and efficient royal government, an ideal policy they referred to as "Thorough." Wentworth was already realizing the program in the secular government of Ireland, which had been notoriously weak and inefficient. In 1637 Laud proposed to implement the program in religious terms within Scotland, the bastion of Presbyterian Church government and aristocratic power. But Laud failed, and a unified Scots aristocracy and Church brought down the whole edifice constructed by Laud, Straf-ford, and Charles. A month after the Long Parliament met in order to cope with the Scottish crisis, a gigantic petition was presented calling fo


How many points are scored for a touchdown in American football?

NFL Beginner's Guide to Football NFL Network Beginner's Guide to Football One 11-man team has possession of the football. It is called the offense and it tries to advance the ball down the          field-by running with the ball or throwing it - and score points by crossing the goal line and getting into an area          called the end zone. The other team (also with 11 players) is called the defense. It tries to stop the offensive team and make it give up         possession of the ball. If the team with the ball does score or is forced to give up possession, the offensive and defensive teams switch roles (the offensive team goes on defense and the defensive team goes on offense).         And so on, back and forth, until all four quarters of the game have been played. In order to make it easier to coordinate the information in this digest,         the topics discussed generally follow the order of the rule book. THE FIELD The field measures 100 yards long and 53 yards wide. Little white markings on the field called yard markers help the players,         officials, and the fans keep track of the ball. Probably the most important part of the field is the end zone.         It's an additional 10 yards on each end of the field. This is where the points add up! When the offense - the team with possession of the ball-gets the ball into the opponent's end zone, they score points. TIMING Games are divided into four 15-minute quarters, separated by a 12-minute break at halftime.         There are also 2-minute breaks at the end of the first and third quarters as teams change ends of the field after every 15 minutes of play.         At the end of the first and third quarters, the team with the ball retains possession heading into the following quarter. That is not the case before halftime.         The second half starts with a kickoff in the same way as the game began in the first quarter. Each offensive team has 40 seconds from the end of a given play until they must snap of the ball for the start of the next play, otherwise they will be penalized. The clock stops at the end of incomplete passing plays, when a player goes out of bounds, or when a penalty is called. The clock starts again when the ball is re-spotted by an official. If a game is tied at the end of regulation, a 15-minute overtime period will be played. In the NFL, this is sudden death and the first team to score wins. Possession is determined before the period begins by a coin toss. THE PLAYERS Each team has 3 separate units: the offense (see section below), those players who are on the field when the team has possession of the ball;         the defense (see section below), players who line up to stop the other team's offense; and special teams that only come in on kicking situations         (punts, field goals, and kickoffs). Only 11 players are on the field from one team at any one time. To see how the players line up click here THE KICKOFF A game starts with the kickoff. The ball is placed on a kicking tee at the defense's 30-yard line, and a special kicker (a "placekicker") kicks the ball to the offense        A kick return man from the offense will try to catch the ball and advance it by running. Where he is stopped is the point from which the offense will begin its drive, or series of offensive plays.        When a kickoff is caught in the offense's own end zone, the kick returner can either run the ball out of the end zone, or kneel in the end zone to signal a touchback - a sign to stop the play.        The ball is then placed on the 20-yard line, where the offense begins play. FIRST DOWN All progress in a football game is measured in yards. The offensive team tries to get as much "yardage" as it can to try and move closer to the opponent's end zone.        Each time the offense gets the ball, it has four downs, or chances, in which to gain 10 yards. If the offensive team successfully moves the ball 10 or more yards, it earns a


What colour is associated with jaundice?

Jaundice: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Too many red blood cells are dying or breaking down and going to the liver The liver is overloaded or damaged The bilirubin from the liver is unable to properly move into the digestive tract Jaundice is often a sign of a problem with the liver, gallbladder, or pancreas. Things that can cause jaundice include: Infections Use of certain drugs Cancer Blood disorders, gallstones, birth defects and a number of other medical conditions can lead to jaundice. For more information on the causes of jaundice see: Jaundice causes Symptoms Jaundice may appear suddenly or develop slowly over time. Symptoms of jaundice commonly include: Yellow skin and the white part of the eyes (sclera) -- when jaundice is more severe, these areas may look brown Yellow color inside the mouth Dark or brown-colored urine Pale or clay-colored stools Note: If the whites of your eyes are not yellow, you may not have jaundice. Your skin can turn a yellow-to-orange color if you eat a lot of beta carotene, the orange pigment in carrots. Other symptoms depend on the disorder causing the jaundice: Cancers may produce no symptoms, or there may be fatigue, weight loss, or other symptoms Hepatitis may produce nausea, vomiting, fatigue, or other symptoms Exams and Tests The health care provider will perform a physical exam. This may show liver swelling. A bilirubin blood test will be done. Other tests may include: Hepatitis virus panel to look for infection of the liver Liver function tests to determine how well the liver is working Complete blood count to check for low blood count or anemia


"In ""Silence of the Lambs"", what was the nickname of the killer that Hannibal Lecter helped to catch?"

Hannibal Lecter | The Silence Of The Lambs Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia The Silence Of The Lambs Wiki Share I Ate His Liver With Fava Beans Hannibal Lecter is a fictional character in a series of suspense novels by Thomas Harris.Lecter was introduced in the 1981 thriller novel Red Dragon as a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer. The novel and its sequel, The Silence of the Lambs, feature Lecter as one of the primary antagonists after the two serial killers in both novels. In the third novel, Hannibal, Lecter becomes a protagonist. His role as the antihero occurs in the fourth novel, Hannibal Rising, which explores his childhood and development into a serial killer.The first film adapted from the Harris novels was Manhunter (based on Red Dragon) which features Brian Cox as Lecter, spelled "Lecktor". In 1991, Anthony Hopkins won an Academy Award for his portrayal of the character in The Silence of the Lambs. He would reprise the role in Hannibal in 2001 and in a second adaptation of Red Dragon made in 2002 under the original title.In 2003, Hannibal Lecter (as portrayed by Hopkins) was chosen by the American Film Institute as the #1 movie villain.[1] In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly named him one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years.[2]Contents  [hide] 1 Character overview2 Appearances2.1 Novels2.2 In film2.3 In television3 Real-life models4 See also5 References6 External linksCharacter overview[edit] Red Dragon firmly states that Lecter does not fit any known psychological profile. In the film adaptation of The Silence of the Lambs, Lecter's keeper, Dr. Frederick Chilton, claims that Lecter is a "pure psychopath"; however, in the novel, Dr. Chilton calls Lecter a sociopath. Lecter's pathology is explored in greater detail in Hannibal and Hannibal Rising, which explain that he was traumatized as a child in Lithuania in 1944 when he witnessed the murder and cannibalism of his beloved younger sister, Mischa, by Lithuanian Hilfswillige. One of the Hilfswillige members claimed that Lecter unwittingly ate his sister as well.All media in which Lecter appears portray him as cultured and sophisticated, with refined tastes in art, music, and cuisine. He is well-educated and knows several languages. He is frequently depicted preparing gourmet meals from his victims' flesh, the most famous example being his admission in the film adaptation of The Silence of the Lambs that he once ate a census taker's liver "with fava beans and a nice Chianti". He is deeply offended by rudeness, and frequently kills people who have bad manners—or, as he calls them in Hannibal, "free-range rude". Prior to his capture and imprisonment, he is a member of Baltimore, Maryland's social elite, and a sitting member of the Baltimore Philharmonic Orchestra's board of directors.In The Silence of the Lambs, Lecter is described through protagonist Clarice Starling's eyes: "small, sleek, and in his hands and arms she saw wiry strength like her own". The novel also reveals that Lecter's left hand has a condition called mid ray duplication polydactyly, i.e. a duplicated middle finger.[3] In Hannibal, he performs plastic surgery on his own face on several occasions, and removes his extra digit. Lecter's eyes are a shade of maroon, and reflect the light in "pinpoints of red".[4] He has small white teeth[5] and dark, slicked-back hair with a widow's peak. He also has a keen sense of smell; in The Silence of the Lambs, he is able to identify through a plate glass window the brand of perfume that Starling wore the day before.Appearances[edit] Novels[edit]In the backstory of Red Dragon, FBI profiler Will Graham initially consults Lecter about a series of murders and realizes that Lecter is the culprit. Lecter realizes that Graham is on to him, creeps up behind him and stabs him, nearly disemboweling him, but not killing him. Lecter is convicted and incarcerated in the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, under the care of Dr. Frederick Chilton, a pompous, incompetent psychologist whom Lecter despises. Some years later, Gr