Indira Gandhi Indira Gandhi Indira Nehru Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917 and would be the only child of Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru. Being influenced and inspired by her parents, Indira Gandhi rose to power in India and eventually became prime minister. She dedicated her life to progress in her country despite the overwhelming problems and challenges she encountered. Her road to power and politics started when she turned twelve years of age. During the time of British imperialism, many Indian National Congress workers from Allahabad did not know when or if the British would arrest them or search their homes. In order to find out when this would occur, the Monkey Brigade was formed. Although Indira claimed to have thought of the idea, some asserted that the Monkey Brigade was the idea of the Congress. In any event, Indira became the leader of this children's group whose purpose was to help end British control in India. Being its leader, she delivered speeches while other children actually warned the people who were going to be arrested. The Congress figured that the British would not suspect children of participating in such involvement. Although some deemed it a joke, Indira took her job very seriously. One of the most significant actions of the Monkey Brigade involved Indira. The Congress party's top officials were organizing a civil disobedience movement. After the meeting, the documents containing the plans of the movement were placed in the trunk of a car with Indira in the back seat. Before the car was ready to leave the area, a police inspector stopped the car in order to search it. However, Indira pleaded with him not to inspect the car because the delay would cause her to arrive late at school. Fortunately, the inspector believed her and the car was not searched. In 1938, Indira finally joined the Indian National Congress Party, something she always longed to do. Soon afterwards in 1942, she married journalist Feroze Gandhi to whom she eventually bore two sons. Soon after the couple was married, they were sent to prison on charges of subversion by the British. Her first and only imprisonment lasted from September 11, 1942 until May 13, 1943 at the Naini Central Jail in Allahabad. Fortunately, India won its independence from Britain in 1947. In that same year, Indira's father Jawaharlal Nehru became prime minister and served until his death in 1964. Since her mother had died in 1936, Indira acted as hostess and confidante and traveled with Nehru to meet famous political figures. Later in 1959, Gandhi became the fourth woman elected president of the Indian National Congress. After her father's death, the new Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri appointed Indira Gandhi as minister of information and broadcasting. This position was the fourth highest ranking position in the Cabinet. Many Indians were illiterate. Therefore, radio and television played a major part in informing them. As minister, she most importantly encouraged the making of inexpensive radios and started a family planning program. After Shastri's death in 1966, Indira Gandhi served as prime minister until India held the next election. She won that election, and in 1967, became one of the first women ever elected to lead a democracy. In 1971, Gandhi was re-elected by campaigning with the slogan "Abolish Poverty." However in 1975, Gandhi was found guilty of violating election laws. Later, the conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court of India. Also, to control population growth, Gandhi implemented a voluntary sterilization program. As a result, adversaries criticized her and her administration in general. To secure her power and because of escalating riots, on June 26, 1975, Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency which limited the personal freedom of Indians. Also, she ordered the arrests of the main opposition leaders. In her opinion, her dictatorship was for the good of India. But she allowed free elections in 1977, and the Indian people voted her out of office. She regained her position as prime minister in 1980.  Unfortunately on Octobe


What is the popular name of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 23?

Beethoven - Piano Sonata No.23 in F minor, ‘Appassionata’: Full Works Concert Highlight of the Week | Beethoven - Classic FM Beethoven - Piano Sonata No.23 in F minor, ‘Appassionata’: Full Works Concert Highlight of the Week Jane Jones has a glimpse into the heart of the contradictory composer. When I skipped practice and decided that I wasn’t made for music, I reckoned without Beethoven . It’s years since my schooldays and now I find myself wishing I’d kept up my piano playing. I don’t beat myself up daily, of course, but when I hear piano works by Brahms, Chopin and Beethoven, I find myself repeating that familiar mantra, ‘If only…’ Amongst Beethoven’s revelatory works composed for his instrument , it’s the Piano Sonata No.23 – the 'Appassionata', which I believe captures the spirit of the man. Let’s get the name out of the way first. Beethoven composed his F minor Piano Sonata in 1804, and it was published in Vienna three years later, but it wasn’t named the 'Appassionata' for another 30 years when a publisher needed to shift copies of a four-hand transcription of Beethoven’s explosive and dynamic sonata . When these ‘add on’ names properly fit the music, they have a habit of being universally adopted, which is exactly what’s happened to the less snappily titled Piano Sonata No.23 in F minor, op.57. So what is it about this particular one of the 32 sonatas which seems to give us an insight into the passion at the very heart of the great composer? It’s easy to look at this period of his life immediately after the onset of his deafness and find examples of anger and despair, but nothing equates with - or prepares us for - the Sonata No.23, which Beethoven himself considered the greatest of all his sonatas. The man with the inside track on his teacher at this time was his virtuoso pupil, Carl Czerny, who wrote ‘There is no doubt that in many of his most beautiful works Beethoven was inspired by similar visions or pictures from his reading or from his own lively imagination. It is equally certain that if it were always possible to know the idea behind the composition, we would have the key to the music and its performance.' Czerny also has a convenient visual for those struggling with the crashing chords, unexpected pauses and shockingly violent outbursts. 'If Beethoven, who was so fond of portraying scenes from nature, was perhaps thinking of ocean waves on a stormy night when from the distance a cry for help is heard, then such a picture will give the pianist a guide to the correct playing of this great tonal painting,' wrote Czerny, seeming to offer some palatable alternative to what I have always thought was a far more painful truth. This is a piano work of tremendous contrasts, like its composer. Sometimes charming and often passionately in love, Beethoven was equally well known for his outbursts of temper and the arrogant, even cruel, way he would treat people. It’s said he laughed like a man unaccustomed to humour. This character of contradictions, facing the worst possible diagnosis for a musician, is never going to be easy to understand, but listening to the 'Appassionata', it’s possible to reconcile the expressive silences with the furious urgency of the finale, without necessarily knowing which is the ‘cry for help’ described by Czerny. But Beethoven does reveal himself in the piano pieces he wrote with the sole purpose of performing them himself. It means that centuries later, through these intensely personal works, and the 'Appassionata' in particular, we get a glimpse of that troubled heart.


In which year was the Battle of Edgehill, the first battle of the English Civil War?

English Civil War Battle of Edgehill Battle of Edgehill The First Major Battle of the English Civil War The Royalist cavalry attacking at the Battle of Edgehill on 23rd October 1642 in the English Civil War: picture by Harry Payne: to buy this picture click here The previous battle in the British Battles series is the Spanish Armada The next battle in the English Civil War is  the Battle of Seacroft Moor War: English Civil War. Date: 23rd October 1642. Place of the Battle of Edgehill: At Kineton, near Banbury, in Oxfordshire. Combatants at the Battle of Edgehill: The forces of King Charles I against the forces of the English Parliament. King Charles I of England: picture by Sir Anthony van Dyck: Battle of Edgehill on 23rd October 1642 in the English Civil War: click here to buy an equestrian portrait of King Charles I by van Dyck Generals at the Battle of Edgehill: King Charles I was the commander of his Royal forces. His Lord General was the Earl of Lindsey at the outset of the battle. A dispute with Prince Rupert caused Lindsey to give up his appointment and fight at the head of his regiment where he was mortally wounded during the battle. Prince Rupert under his commission as ‘General of the Horse’ was entitled to act free from supervision by any other officer. The Parliamentary forces at Edgehill were commanded by the Earl of Essex. The Battle of Edgehill, 23rd October 1642 in the English Civil War: plan by John Fawkes Size of the armies at the Battle of Edgehill: The Royalist army comprised around 14,000 men, of which probably 3,000 were Horse, and 20 guns. The Parliamentary army was around 15,000, but a significant part of the army was in quarters too far from the field to arrive in time to fight in the battle. Essex had around 4,000 Horse and some 40 cannon. The battlefield: Battle of Edgehill 23rd October 1642 in the English Civil War Winner of the Battle of Edgehill: Clarendon makes it clear that the contemporary view, whether justified or not, was that Edgehill was a Royalist victory. The Royalist cavalry on each wing drove the Parliamentary cavalry opposing them off the field, while the Parliamentary Infantry pushed the Royalist Infantry back. Both sides initially remained on the field. Trained Bands: Battle of Edgehill 23rd October 1642 in the English Civil War Uniforms, arms and equipment at the Battle of Edgehill: When the Civil War broke out in 1642 England was without a regular military establishment and had little recent warlike experience. Each side, Royalist and the Parliamentarian, was forced to build up its armies from scratch relying upon the regional system of ‘Trained Bands’ or militia. The Trained Bands varied widely in quality but were generally only suitable for a starting point. Many of these regional forces were not prepared to leave their counties and probably only the London Trained Bands were ready and capable of sustained military action, fighting for the Parliament. The one military resource, that was important to each side, was the pool of English and Scottish officers with experience of fighting in Europe, where the Thirty Years War (1618 to 1648) was in progress across the continent. Each side relied upon these officers, particularly in the use of artillery and in military engineering. The Civil War came squarely in the transition from Medieval reliance on the shock of armoured horsemen, bows, swords and lances, to the use of firearms, both hand held and artillery. In the late 15th Century the Swiss briefly dominated the European battlefield with massed pikemen. The Swiss dominance was broken by the tactical use of firearms on the battlefield. Both infantry and cavalry turned from shock tactics to the use of firearms; pistols for the horsemen and arquebuses for the infantry. Cannon became increasingly mobile and available for use in battle, as opposed to being mainly a siege weapon. Pikemen at the Battle of Rocroi in France, in 1643: picture by Sebastian Vrancx. This might well have been a picture of the Battle of Edgehill, fought in the previous year on 23rd October 1642 in the Engli


Where would you find a pauldron and a vambrace?

Armor | Assassin's Creed Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Altaïr's plain robes During the Third Crusade, Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad wore a standard Assassin combat uniform that primarily consisted of vambraces, greaves, shoes and a protective belt, all made in leather. The main vambrace, which was always worn on an Assassin's left forearm, concealed the Hidden Blade with a series of metal plating arranged in formation for combat protection. As an Assassin was promoted through the ranks of the Brotherhood , their waist belt would also be upgraded to reflect the new-found status. Altaïr and Malik Al-Sayf both bore the highest level of combat uniform in the Assassin Order, with the most prestigious three-layer waist belts. [1] Codex Edit Using an Apple of Eden , Altaïr created a personal Codex , as well as a new suit of armor for himself – one that was almost impervious to damage. This new armor would be passed down to each of his descendants, eventually being hidden away in the Sanctuary beneath the Villa Auditore . [1] [2] Other Edit Armor did appear on other individuals, and there were differences in the styles worn by guards in each city. The guards in Damascus could be found in either lamellar, leather, or ringmail armor. Guards in Acre could be seen in brigantine armor and chain mail, some complete with coifs, while guards in Jerusalem were often found wearing scale or splintmail. Each of these guard types could be found in the Kingdom , near to their respective cities. [1] The Knights Templar uniformly wore full suits of chainmail, covered in a white tabard with a red steel helm covering their face. Accompanying this, they wore their signature red cross openly, possibly due to their public image, whereas future Templars wore the symbol more subtly, as the Templar Order faded into obscurity. [1] Renaissance Complete all 6 Assassin Tombs N/A Leather Armor was the first available armor which fortified health, but offered no resistance bonuses. Later, Ezio could purchase Helmschmied armor, which was a variant of leather with metal inlays. Some time after, Ezio could also buy Metal and Missaglias armor, both composed mainly of metal, with Missaglias sporting stylized decoration. Every armor after the leather set offered both health fortification and resistance bonuses, but considering that armor could be damaged through combat or by falling from large heights, it was necessary to repair it at blacksmiths regularly. Each armor was represented with set number of circles, displaying the level that it could resist becoming damaged. In general, when twenty squares of damage was inflicted to the synchronization bar, it would remove one circle of resistance from every piece of armor one had equipped. [2] Armor of Altaïr Edit After collecting the seals from the tombs of six legendary Assassins, Ezio could unlock Altaïr's improved armor from behind a gate in the Sanctuary. It consisted of black cloth with specially made armor integrated into it, akin to the mythical properties of the Golden Fleece . As such, the armor never required any repairs to be made to it. In page 19 of Altaïr's Codex, it revealed that the armor was the only suit made by Altaïr, who destroyed the written formula out of fear of the armor becoming widely used by either friend or foe alike. [2] Others Edit All types of soldiers in Italy were armored to varying degrees, with archers as the lightest units, followed by Agiles , regular soldiers, Seekers , and Brutes . Elite soldiers wore heavier armor than regular soldiers, making them more resistant to Ezio's attacks and counter-attacks. [2] Rome Edit Ezio's plain robes in Rome During the siege of Monteriggioni , Ezio lost the Armor of Altaïr underneath the rubble caused by a cannonball striking the Villa, forcing him to run into battle clothed in a simple shirt, trousers and boots. Later on in Rome , Ezio's new robes and armor were anonymously given to him by Niccolò Machiavelli , through the woman that nursed his wounds from the bullets fired by arquebusiers during the siege, Margherita dei Campi . Ezio's newer atti


Which vegetable has the Latin name solanum tuberosum?

Potatoes - Notes - HORT410 - Vegetable Crops - Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture - Purdue University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture   Common name: white potato, or Irish potato. Latin name: Solanum tuberosum L. Family: nightshade family or Solanaceae [ Solanaceae Images ]. Autotetraploid (2n = 48). Closely related species grown as vegetables: tomato , pepper , eggplant . Harvested organ; tuber--the enlarged end of a stolon, or underground stem--with tan to purple skin. The flesh of the tuber is usually white or light yellow, although in some Andean varieties it is purple. The tuber has external buds, or "eyes" that can sprout into new plants. These eyes, rather than the seeds of the fruit, are planted to grow a new crop. Tubers are rich in carbohydrates, protein, calcium, niacin and vitamin C. Tubers are cooked fresh and can also be frozen or dried. They are processed into flour, starch, and alcohol and are used as fodder, especially in Europe. Potatoes are the fourth largest world crop, surpassed only by wheat, rice, and corn. Origin: Peruvian Andes; cultivated in Peru and Bolivia; along with maize, was a staple of the Inca diet. Introduced into Europe by 16th-century Spanish explorers. Because the potato is a nightshade, it was slow to be accepted as a food by Europeans; not grown as a food crop in England and Ireland until mid-18th century. Soon became a major food staple, particularly in Ireland (today the vegetable is often called the "Irish" potato, to distinguish it from the unrelated sweetpotato). A potato blight caused the crop to fail during the period 1845 - 1847. About 1 million people died in Ireland and an equal number emigrated to N. America. Immigrants had already brought the potato to N. America; was first grown in volume in New Hampshire in the early 1700's. Potato history (TAMU) . A cool season crop; temperatures averaging 16 to 18 C are optimum. Typically grown from small, eyed tubers (or cut portions of larger tubers [seed pieces]), planted in rows 34 to 36 inches apart, with seed pieces 9 to 11 inches apart in the row, at a depth of 10 to 15 cm. Seed pieces are typically 1.5 to 2 oz. Use of certified seed pieces reduces tuber-borne diseases. Potatoes have a relatively wide pH tolerance. Soil pH's as low as 5.0 to 5.2 can be tolerated; such acidic pHs can be beneficial in controlling common scab. However, low soil pH reduces the availability of P and increases availability of toxic elements such as Mn and Al. Use of scab resistant varieties at a soil pH of 6.5 is recommended to increase P availability and minimize Mn and Al toxicity. When the plant tops emerge, additional soil (hilling) is used to protect the tubers from insects and exposure to the sun. Sunlight causes a potato to turn green and produce poisonous glycoalkaloids, such as solanine [glycoalkaloid levels of newly released cultivars must be less than 20 mg per 100 g fresh weight to be considered non-poisonous]. Cultivation is used to begin the hilling process, to control weeds and increase soil aeration. The last cultivation is usually completed before blooming has started. Potatoes mature in 90 to 130 days, depending on cultivar and production region. Various methods are used to kill the vines prior to harvesting the tubers; mechanical methods, application of chemicals, and use of propane burners. Almost all commercially grown potatoes are now machine harvested. Following harvest potatoes are held at 15 to 18 C and a high relative humidity (90 - 95%) for 10 - 14 days. After this curing period, temperatures are lowered to 3 to 5 C to prevent sprouting. Tubers can be stored for up to 8 months at temperatures slightly above freezing, but at temperatures below 5 C, some of the potato starch turns to sugar, reducing cooking quality. Before processing potatoes are therefore often moved to a holding area at temperatures high enough to convert the sugars back to starch. Chemicals applied to stored tubers or growing plants can delay sprouting, because sprouting greatly reduces the food value of potatoe


Stewart Island is the third largest island of which Commonwealth country?

Travel to Stewart Island | DUA Travel Home » Travel to » New Zealand » Stewart Island Travel to Stewart Island Brochure Stewart Island is the third island of New Zealand and in the Maori language is known as the ‘land of glowing skies’. More than 85% of the island is National Park and it is the only place in New Zealand where visitors can watch wild kiwi foraging on a beach at dusk. Stewart Island is an unspoiled environment virtually untouched by tourists and modern civilization. It has amazingly clear and clean water making it a snorkeling and diving paradise. There are numerous walking opportunities on the island including the Rakiura Track which will give you the full experience of Stewart Island’s wild beauty. People New Zealanders, or Kiwis, as they call themselves, are among the friendliest people on earth. Language English is the most common language in New Zealand; however Maori is also an official language. History Maori, who are Polynesians, were the first inhabitants of New Zealand, who are thought to have arrived more than 1,000 years ago in double-hulled waka (canoe), from islands in Eastern Polynesia (Hawaiki). Maori settled on both main islands of New Zealand and named the country Aotearoa (Land of the Long White Cloud). Dutch Navigator Abel Tasman, the first European discoverer, arrived in 1642 and named the islands New Zealand. He didn’t stay, and it wasn’t until Captain James Cook arrived over a century later that the area was colonized. From the late 1790’s on, whalers, traders and missionaries arrive, establishing settlements mainly along the far northern coast of New Zealand. From 1839 to 1841 New Zealand was administered as part of Australia’s New South Wales colony. In 1840, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed, an agreement between the British Crown and Maori. It established British law in New Zealand, while at the same time guaranteeing Maori authority over their land and culture. The Treaty is considered New Zealand’s founding document. The grounds and the building where the treaty was signed have been preserved and, today, the Waitangi Historic Reserve is a popular tourist attraction. The original Treaty itself can be seen at the New Zealand Archives in Wellington. Gold was discovered in the mid-19th century in the South Island and many more European settlers arrived – many staying to establish farms in the South Island. In the early 1880’s new refrigerated ships made it possible for New Zealand to begin to export dairy products and meat to the United Kingdom and the economy became heavily agriculturally based. New Zealand was the first sovereign state to give voting rights to women in 1893. In 1907 New Zealand gained dominion status within the British Empire and was granted autonomy in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster which was formally accepted in 1947. New Zealand today is an independent nation within the British Commonwealth. The British Monarch, although constitutional head of state, plays no active role in the administration of New Zealand’s government. The capital city is Wellington, although the largest city is Auckland, both situated in the North Island. Currency The official currency is the New Zealand dollar (NZ$). Weather New Zealand’s climate is mainly mild. The far north is subtropical in the summer (November to March) and the far south can get below freezing in the winter (May to August). Nevertheless most of New Zealand has lots of sun, moderate temperatures and modest rainfall. The average rainfall in New Zealand is between 25 and 60 inches. This provides the country with excellent farming and lush rainforest but it also means that a rain protection is necessary. Health Requirements Must be in acceptable standard of health to enter New Zealand Visa Requirements United States of America citizens do not need a visa to enter New Zealand, but are required to provide: • Travel tickets or evidence of onward travel arrangements • Evidence that you can support yourself in New Zealand (approximately NZ$1000 per month per person) Tipping & Porterage Tipping is not as entrenched a custom


Which building complex in Liverpool was designed by Jesse Hartley in 1846?

The Albert Dock, Liverpool Albert Dock, Liverpool. Jesse Hartley (1780-1860), with Philip Hardwick (1792-1870). 1843-5; opened in 1846. Brick, cast iron and granite (no wood, as a precaution against fire). Left: Ironwork on a warehouse façade. Right: The Pumphouse. [Click on images to enlarge them.] Designed by Jesse Hartley, Surveyor to the Liverpool Dock Trustees from 1824 to 1860, and Philip Hardwick, this distinctive complex contains the largest collection of Grade 1 listed buildings in the whole of the country. The warehouses were completed in 1845, and the dock was formally opened by Prince Albert himself in 1846. Of the buildings, David Lewis writes picturesquely: "They cannot be said to be pretty; they are strong, masculine buildings, sleeves rolled up and muscles bulging, and Liverpool's beloved classical architecture is here stripped down to its essentials of massive Tuscan columns and heavy round arches" (151-2). Writing more technically, James Stevens Curl explains that "some canal and dockside architecture seemed to point towards a new style where Classical relationships of proportion, solid and void, and integrity of geometry would be paramount, but stripped of all the tyranny of overt use of the Orders, and minus all decorative frippery." The Albert Dock was one of those rare cases, Curl believes, in which this style was achieved: These are the most Sublime of all nineteenth-century examples of commercial and industrial architecture, with their cast-iron unfluted Doric columns, massive undecorated brick walls, repetitive elements, and avoidance of ornament worthy of C.-N. Ledoux, the French Neoclassical architect and theorist, at his most uncompromising. (33) Consequently, Curl lists the Albert Dock buildings first amongst Liverpool's architectural splendours (87). Notable structures apart from the warehouses include the towering pumphouse (a later building, 1870), now an inn; and the wonderful Traffic Office (1846, designed by Hardwick, its top storey added by Hartley in 1848). With its cast iron portico and pediment, sandstone dressings and featured, connecting chimneys (see "Dock Traffic Office"), in days past the Traffic Office stood as a temple to the dockland activity that made Liverpool great. Two views of the Traffic Office — a temple of industry. [Click on images to enlarge them.] The Albert Dock restoration of the 1980s has pointed up the contrast between the brickwork and the winches and other cast-iron elements, and the area has been rejuvenated with flats, shops, a hotel, bars, eating places and some important cultural amenities, including the Tate Liverpool. In an unlikely but very welcome turn-about, the Traffic Office reopens in 2011 as the International Slavery Museum Research Institute and Education Centre. The Merseyside Maritime Museum located in an adjacent warehouse already houses an International Slavery Museum, fully acknowledging the big part that the slave trade played in Liverpool's growth. Two more views of the Albert Dock. [Click on images to enlarge them.] Related Material Linked iron slave coffle (for joining slaves at the ankle), on display in the slavery gallery of the Maritime Museum, Albert Dock, Liverpool Heroes of the Slave Trade Abolition Photograph, caption, and commentary by Jacqueline Banerjee , 2009. [You may use this image without prior permission for any scholarly or educational purpose as long as you (1) credit the photographer and (2) link your document to this URL in a web document or cite the Victorian Web in a print one.] References Curl, James Stevens. Victorian Architecture. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1990. "Dock Traffic Office" (Liverpool World Heritage City site). Viewed 3 February 2009. Lewis, David. Walks Through History: Liverpool.. Derby: Breedon, updated ed. 2007.


What is the name of the rod on a sundial which indicates the time?

Make your own Sundial HartRAO Home > Things to do > Make your own Sundial Make your own Sundial The type of sundial shown here is very easy to make - simply print out the one for your area! The sundial shown below is accurate to within five to ten minutes for places within the province of Gauteng in South Africa, such as Johannesburg or Pretoria. It gives the standard time for southern Africa, which is the time we set on our watches and clocks. (Click on the image for a larger version and data table for making your own): Sundial for Johannesburg / Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa The green line is called the "date line". The date is estimated by interpolating between the markers on the line. Stand on the green line at today's date, and the shadow falling on the blue line, called the "timeline", gives the mean Sun time. The offset from the green line to the red figure "8" for today gives the correction (described below) to the mean Sun time. The figure "8" shape is known as the "analemma". The size of the correction to be added to or subtracted from the mean Sun time is shown by the scale at the foot of the analemma. Setting up the Sundial To set up the sundial after printing it: Set your watch accurately to Standard Time (not daylight saving) for your time zone. get a thin straight rod about 20 to 30 cm long, such as a knitting needle. Stick one end of the rod into a something which will hold it upright, such as a little putty, or a cork, or transparent plastic. Near midday, take the sundial and rod into the sunshine and place the sundial on a horizontal surface. Place the rod onto today's date on the "figure 8" in the centre of the diagram. Turn the diagram until the shadow of the rod crosses the time line at the correct time. This has oriented the sundial to true north. To use the sundial: The rod or stick casting the shadow should be placed on the centreline of the sundial, (shown in green), where today's date falls - interpolate between the marked dates. This will give the mean solar time. The offset from the centre line (green) to the analemma (red curve) for today is the correction for Sun time not running evenly (which is explained below). This correction is up to 16 minutes in February and November, as can be seen by comparing the offset with markings on the timeline (blue curve). Here at Hartebeesthoek we have made a large version of the sundial. It is painted onto a flat surface in front of our Visitors Centre. A person can stand on it - the person's shadow crossing the time line then gives the time. One can also use a long (about 2-metre) rod to cast the shadow, to be more accurate. Sundial in use at HartRAO, viewed from the south. The Analemma The type of sundial shown here is called an "analemmatic sundial". The "analemma" is the "figure 8" in the centre which marks the apparent motion of the Sun during the course of the year. The north-south passage of the Sun during the year is the reason for the north-south extent of the dateline and of the analemma. This apparent motion of the Sun is caused by the Earth's axis being tilted at 23.46 degrees to the plane of its orbit around the Sun. This means that on June 21 the Sun will appear to be almost 47 degrees closer to the northern horizon at midday than on December 21. There are two reasons why the Sun wanders off to one side and then the other of the dateline, to produce the figure 8: Firstly, the orbit of the Earth around the Sun is not circular but slightly elliptical, or egg-shaped. On July 4 or 5 the Earth is at its furthest from the Sun, and moving slowest. It then starts to speed up slightly as it moves closer to the Sun, and once past its point of closest approach in January 2 or 3 it starts to slow down again. The speeding up and slowing down of the Earth in its orbit means that the time measured from the Sun's position can be a little early or late compared to Standard Time, the steady rate at which our clocks run. Secondly, the tilt of the Earth's axis to the plane of its orbit around the Sun also causes the Sun to appea


Who composed the opera 'Emilia di Liverpool' in 1824?

Emilia di Liverpool, opera | Details | AllMusic Emilia di Liverpool, opera google+ Description               by Rita Laurance Emilia di Liverpool was composed in the early part of Donizetti 's career, at a time when he mainly composed smaller operas. His early operas were usually lighter works, often farces, and meant to be performed as a part of an evening's entertainment. Emilia di Liverpool is a two-act opera semiseria, with a sentimental plot and buffo characters that speak in Neapolitan dialect. Instead of recitative, there is spoken dialogue. The opera was composed for the Neapolitan stage, and premiered at the Teatro Nuovo in Naples on July 28, 1824. It was not a huge success, and the first run lasted only eight performances. The reviewers criticized the plot and libretto, which they thought feeble to the point of enervating. The libretto was based on one for an earlier opera by Vittorio Trento, and his was based on a play by Stefano Scatizzi called Emilia di Liverpaut. The critics thought Donizetti 's music "pretty," but did not think the score strong enough to carry the evening, and so the opera was virtually panned. Donizetti , however, liked the music, and the character of Emilia. Emilia di Liverpool was staged in Vienna in the same year, under the direction of his good friend and colleague Saverio Mercadante . For this version, he added some new music, and entrusted the dramatic interpretation to the director, with the hopes that the opera would be a greater success on the Viennese stage. He also made a third attempt at winning public approval for Emilia in 1828, in another Neapolitan production. This time, he revised the score completely. Giuseppe Checcherini reworked the libretto, four of the characters were changed, and seven numbers from the original score were cut. Donizetti added three new pieces to the opera, and also adapted an aria from Alahor in Granata, to serve as an aria-finale for Emilia. The opera was still not very well received, and Donizetti made no further attempts at revision. However, Emilia di Liverpool was revived later in the nineteenth century, and again in the twentieth, with Joan Sutherland in the title role. Appears On


Alaska's State Capital - Juneau, Alaska | Juneau CVB Home  >  Discover Juneau  > Alaska's State Capital Alaska's State Capital A cosmopolitan outpost in a wilderness setting The City Harrisburg. That was Juneau’s name before Richard Harris fell out of favor with the locals, who turned their allegiance to his co-founder Joe Juneau. In 1880, prospectors Harris and Juneau relied on Tlingit Chief Kowee to guide them to the mouth of Gold Creek where they discovered gold – and the state’s first major gold strike was on. Early growth was a direct result of the mining industry and Juneau prospered. Juneau was established as Alaska's capital in 1906 when the government was transferred from Sitka. Currently about 31,000 citizens live within our 3,255 square mile boundary, the largest of any state capital (and the only state capital which borders a foreign country). Check it out: City & Borough of Juneau . The Government Alaskans elect a governor and a lieutenant governor to four-year terms. The governor, who appoints the heads of all state departments and many other officials, is considered one of the most powerful governors in the United States. The Alaska State Legislature includes a Senate and House of Representatives. Forty representatives serve in the Alaska House of Representatives. Twenty senators serve in the Alaska Senate. Alaska’s political powers pass laws in the capitol annually from January through April. Check it out: State of Alaska . The Building Alaska’s capitol, completed in 1931, began as a territorial and federal building. When Alaska became a state in 1959, the building was given to the state to serve as our capitol. Although it has no dome, the capitol has marble columns, a reproduction of the Liberty Bell, and historical photographs and paintings. It’s open to the public for self-guided tours throughout the year and for guided tours May through September. Check it out: Alaska's capitol . The Flag When Alaska decided it needed a flag in 1927 (before we became a state), a contest was held among the territory’s 7th through 12th grade school children. The contest was won by 13-year-old Benny Benson, a 7th grade Alaska Native. His design features the Big Dipper (part of the constellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear, symbolizing strength) and the North Star, which depicted future statehood. The blue background represents the brilliant Alaska sky and the forget-me-not, which is now the Alaska state flower. In 1959 the drafters of the Alaska constitution stipulated that the territorial flag become the official state flag. Check it out: Alaska's flag . Listen to the Alaska Flag Song .


Which son of Sweyn Forkbeard became King of England in 1016?

Sweyn Forkbeard: England's forgotten Viking king - BBC News BBC News Sweyn Forkbeard: England's forgotten Viking king By David McKenna BBC News 25 December 2013 Read more about sharing. Close share panel Image caption Sweyn Forkbeard (shown left), England's shortest reigning king, remains in the shadows of both his son Canute the Great, and father Harold Bluetooth On Christmas Day 1013, Danish ruler Sweyn Forkbeard was declared King of all England and the town of Gainsborough its capital. But why is so little known of the man who would be England's shortest-reigning king and the role he played in shaping the early history of the nation? For 20 years, Sweyn, a "murderous character" who deposed his father Harold Bluetooth, waged war on England. And exactly 1,000 years ago, with his son Canute by his side, a large-scale invasion finally proved decisive. It was a brutal time, which saw women burned alive, children impaled on lances and men dying suspended from their private parts. Image caption King Ethelred ordered an "extermination" of England's Danes Gainsborough historian Darron Childs says: "It is perhaps one of the reasons why Sweyn has been largely forgotten. "It's hard to make a big thing of someone so bad - it would be a bit like celebrating Hitler. It's a difficult thing to try and overcome." However, he adds: "He was part of a dynasty that changed the course of this country. "And he wasn't any different to many of his contemporaries. People like Ethelred, who were equally as bad - if not worse." Ethelred the Unready had ordered the slaughter of all Danes living in England in 1002, in what became known as the St Brice's Day massacre. Another reason why Sweyn's story remains largely untold may be the lack of physical evidence. Mr Childs says there was once a fortification in Gainsborough on the site of what is now the Old Hall, with evidence of a moat fed from the nearby River Trent. And clues to a "sizeable" army camp can also be found in the town's Castle Hills. Image caption Sweyn Forkbeard made what is now the Old Hall in Gainsborough the centre of his operations but ruled for just 40 days Image caption Catherine Howard (portrayed here by Bryony Roberts) and Richard III are among royal figures who stayed at the medieval building between 1460 and 1480 Image caption Alfred the Great married Elswitha in Gainsborough - she was the daughter of a local nobleman Image caption One of the few reminders of Gainsborough's Viking heritage is The Sweyn Forkbeard pub Image caption Another is a blue plaque marking the site of an old Danish chapel on the banks of the River Trent Image caption Gainsborough is reputed to be the UK's most inland port and has had a long history of river shipping He also believes the Lincolnshire town could have been where Sweyn's son, Canute, attempted to hold back the waves of the Aegir - a tidal bore, which takes its name from the Viking God of the Sea. But there is little, if any, physical proof. Despite this, Mr Childs says Gainsborough was a very important place (Alfred the Great, for example, was married there in 868) and he believes more should be done to mark Sweyn's time in the town. Know the name - who were they? Harold Bluetooth - Father of Sweyn Forkbeard and regarded as father of the Danes. Also gave his mane to Sony's wireless technology. Canute the Great - Sweyn's son who came to Gainsborough with his father and later went on to rule England, Denmark and Norway. Ethelred - English ruler who fled to France when Sweyn invaded. He was known as the Unready - not because of a lack of military preparation but because he was ill-advised, or "unread". Edmund Ironside, Ethelred's son - He was given control of Wessex by Canute following the Battle of Assandun. Edmund, King of East Anglia - He was martyred by the first wave of Viking raiders who threw his head away to prevent proper burial. It is said his ghost killed Sweyn Forkbeard on Candlemass Day, 1014 Mr Childs is one of a growing number of people campaigning for a tourist trail, or festival, to recognise Viking history in Gainsborough.


Which aircraft company manufactured the Spitfire?

Supermarine Aircraft About us Contact Supermarine Aircraft has been in business for the last 20 years selling our Spitfire kits. Over the past 15 years, we have developed engines and our own, higher quality, re-drive system for better engine performance. Our Spitfires are sold and flying all over the world. There are Supermarine Spitfire reproduction kits currently flying in the USA, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Germany, South Africa and Canada.   Throughout the last 20 years, millions of dollars have been spent on research and development to come up with a product that is safe and is a world leader in quality and innovation, but most of all, a joy to fly.   Supermarine Aircraft Kits come with color manuals. All components are prefabricated. Main Spar fabricated and assembled. Wing Spars fabricated and assembled. All control surfaces fabricated and temporarily assembled. All hardware is of aircraft grade (nuts, bolts, rivets).   All completed components are corrosion protected. Fuselage shell is completely ready for fit out. The wings are pre-assembled, then disassembled for flat packing. Hydraulic undercarriage legs include alloy wheels and disc brakes.   Michael (Mike) O’Sullivan’s Supermarine Aircraft Factory officially began its life in the kit aircraft manufacturing business in 1992, although the original idea is much older. The Mk26 and Mk26b are now well proven designs with all aluminum components pre-drilled and precision cut using a computer controlled CNC router cutter. This keeps parts standards consistent and accurate, a far cry from the original Spitfires construction methods. The main structural sections of the aircraft are pre-built in factory jigs thus ensuring the highest possible accuracy of these critical components. The method of construction is aimed at the average person who is good with their hands.


Who designed the crypt and original design of the Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral in 1933?

Liverpool (7) Roman Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King, Lutyens Crypt, architecture, chapels Liverpool RC  Cathedral: View from the entrance foyer to the Sanctuary and High Altar.   Liverpool RC Cathedral: Left - statue of St Martin de Porres Liverpool RC Cathedral: Right - The sculpture by Stephen Foster   in the Children's Chapel Liverpool RC  Cathedral: Liverpool RC  Cathedral: Some of the blue-cyan coloured stained glass windows.   Liverpool RC  Cathedral: The beautifully carved and 'lightly' painted wooden panels  and stone altar in St Joseph's Chapel. Liverpool RC  Cathedral:  St Joseph's Chapel   Liverpool RC  Cathedral:  St Joseph's Chapel   Liverpool RC  Cathedral:  St Joseph's Chapel   Above/below - Liverpool RC  Cathedral: ? Chapel   Liverpool RC  Cathedral: Some of the smaller stained glass windows.   Liverpool RC  Cathedral: Chapel of Reconciliation ?   Liverpool RC  Cathedral: The stained glass window panels of the lantern - effectively  the 'dome' of the cathedral.   Liverpool RC  Cathedral: The lantern   The Lutyens Crypt Liverpool RC  Cathedral - Lutyens Crypt: The Crypt is effectively the crypt of the Sir  Edwin Lutyens (a much renowned architect) cathedral that was never built  in the 1930s. The Crypt was built between 1933 and 1958 and is a massive  vaulted brick construction. Above is a view of the Crypt Hall.   Liverpool RC  Cathedral - Lutyens Crypt: It is one of the biggest crypts in the world.   Liverpool RC  Cathedral - Lutyens Crypt: There are four large spaces and each can hold  between 300 and 700 people!   Liverpool RC  Cathedral - Lutyens Crypt:   Liverpool RC  Cathedral - Lutyens Crypt: One of the halls is used as a concert room.   Liverpool RC  Cathedral - Lutyens Crypt: Wonderful radial brickwork of the concert  room.   Liverpool RC  Cathedral - Lutyens Crypt: The two great windows of the Crypt  with a small amount of stained glass.   Looking from Liverpool RC Cathedral to the great  square tower of the Anglican Cathedral at the other end of Hope Street.   previous page <-> next  page   *   North  West Index North West of England Liverpool  scenes docspics images  pictures ï¿½ Phil Brown top  tourist attractions in Liverpool, tourist information on Liverpool,  student accommodation in Liverpool, luxury hotels, hostels to suit all  budgets, B&B, self-catering flats, dining out in Liverpool, pubs,  cafes, restaurants, museums, art galleries, guided tours of Liverpool  docks,  colleges, universities, churches, cathedrals, music concerts, theatres,  cinemas, River Mersey, mini-breaks in North-West England


Who composed the oratorio 'Carmina Burana' in 1935?

The Story Of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana | Orff - Classic FM Classic FM Become a VIP The Story Of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana Carl Orff ’s Carmina Burana is probably the most frequently performed choral work of the 21st century, made popular by the memorable surfing advert for Old Spice aftershave. But have you ever wondered where its familiar title comes from? The name has Latin roots – “Carmina” means “songs”, while “Burana” is the Latinised form of Beuren, the name of the Benedictine monastery of Benediktbeuren in Bavaria. So, “Carmina Burana” translates as “Songs Of Beuren”, and refers to a collection of early 13th-century songs and poems that was discovered in Beuren in 1803 – although it has since been established that the collection originated from Seckau Abbey, Austria – and is now housed in the Bavarian State Library. The songs (over 1000 of them) were written in a mix of Latin, German and medieval French by the Goliards, a band of poet-musicians comprising scholars and clerical students, who celebrated with earthy humour the joys of the tavern, nature, love and lust. Although Orff set the original texts, he chose not to use the primitive musical notation that accompanied some of the songs. The collection was first published in Germany in 1847, but it wasn’t until 1934 that Orff came across the texts; a selection had been translated into English and formed part of a publication called Wine, Women And Song. With the help of Michael Hofmann, a law student and Latin scholar, Orff chose 24 songs and set them to music in what he termed a “scenic cantata”. Carmina Burana is divided into three sections – Springtime, In the Tavern and The Court Of Love – preceded by and ending with an invocation to Fortune. Written between 1935 and 1936 for soloists, choruses and orchestra, it was originally conceived as a choreographed stage work. It was in this form that it was first heard on June 8, 1937, in Frankfurt, under its full title Carmina Burana: Cantiones Profanae Cantoribus Et Choris Cantandae Comitantibus Instrumentis Atque Imaginibus Magicis (Songs Of Beuren: Secular Songs For Singers And Choruses To Be Sung Together With Instruments And Magic Images). After the triumphant premiere of Carmina Burana, Orff, then 41, wrote to his publishers: “Everything I have written to date, and which you have, unfortunately, published, can be destroyed. With Carmina Burana my collected works begin.” However, nothing Orff subsequently wrote ever came close to approaching the popularity of Carmina Burana. Hear it on   Deutsche Opera Chorus & Orchestra/Jochum Although there are many good modern alternatives, the classic account that triumphantly stands the test of time was recorded in the presence of the composer in 1968, and features soloists Gundula Janowitz, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau and Gerhard Stolze (DG 447 4372). Did you know? Orff’s masterpiece greatly appealed to the Nazi regime, to whom its rhythms, as one critic put it, were reminiscent of the “stamping columns of the Third Reich”. When Carmina Burana was first performed at La Scala, in 1942, it was as a showpiece for fascist values.


Which pop group was co-founded by Syd Barrett in 1965/66?

Syd Barrett - Music on Google Play Syd Barrett About the artist Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett was an English musician, composer, singer-songwriter, and painter. Best known as a founder member of the band Pink Floyd, Barrett was the lead singer, guitarist and principal songwriter in its early years and is credited with naming the band. Barrett was excluded from Pink Floyd in April 1968 after David Gilmour took over as their new guitarist, and was briefly hospitalised amid speculation of mental illness. Barrett was musically active for less than ten years. With Pink Floyd, he recorded four singles, their debut album, and several unreleased songs. Barrett began his solo career in 1969 with the single "Octopus" from his first solo album, The Madcap Laughs. The album was recorded over the course of a year with five different producers. Nearly two months after Madcap was released, Barrett began working on his second and final album, Barrett, produced by Gilmour and featuring contributions from Richard Wright. Two years later, he left the music industry, retired from public life and strictly guarded his own privacy until his death in 2006. In 1988, an album of unreleased tracks and outtakes, Opel, was released by EMI with Barrett's approval. 1 $9.49 Barrett is the second and final studio album of new material released by former Pink Floyd frontman Syd Barrett. Recording began at Abbey Road Studios on 26 February 1970, and lasted for 15 session... 1 1 $9.49 The Madcap Laughs is the debut solo album by the English singer-songwriter Syd Barrett. It was recorded after Barrett had left Pink Floyd in April 1968. The album had a chequered recording history,... 1 1 $9.49 Opel is a 1988 album compiled from recordings made by former Pink Floyd frontman Syd Barrett between 1968 and 1970. The album is a compilation of unreleased material and alternate takes of recordin... 1 Pink Floyd 0 Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music. Distinguished by their use of philosophical lyrics, sonic ex... 0 Richard Wright 0 Richard William "Rick" Wright was an English musician, composer, singer and songwriter. He was a founding member, keyboardist and vocalist of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, performing on all... 0 Roger Waters 0 George Roger Waters is an English singer, songwriter, bassist, and composer. In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd with drummer Nick Mason, keyboardist Rick Wright and guitari... 0 The Velvet Underground 0 The Velvet Underground was an American rock band from New York City, active between 1964 and 1973. Formed by singer/guitarist Lou Reed, multi-instrumentalist John Cale, guitarist Sterling Morrison,... 0 Captain Beefheart 0 Don Van Vliet was an American singer, songwriter, musician and artist best known by the stage name Captain Beefheart. His musical work was conducted with a rotating ensemble of musicians called the... 0 Nick Mason 0 Nicholas Berkeley "Nick" Mason is an English musician and composer, best known as the drummer of progressive rock group Pink Floyd. Mason was the only Pink Floyd member to be featured on every one ... 0 Love 0 Love is a Japanese pop/R&B vocal duo, produced by Hiro of Exile's production agency, LDH. They debuted in 2009 with the single "First Love: Love Letter." Their song "Tada Hitotsu no Negai Sae" was ... 0 Gong 0 Gong is an international psychedelic rock band known for incorporating elements of jazz and space rock into its musical style. The group was formed in Paris in 1967 by Australian musician Daevid Al... 0 Kaleidoscope 0 Kaleidoscope was an American psychedelic folk and ethnic band who recorded 4 albums and several singles for Epic Records between 1966 and 1970. The band membership included David Lindley, who later... 0 Soft Machine 0 Soft Machine are an English rock and jazz fusion band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S. Burroughs. They were one of the central bands in the Canterbury scene. Tho... 0 Amon Düül II 0 Amon Düül II is a Ge


What is the part of the stage which projects into the auditorium called? It is located between the curtain and the orchestra.

Parts of the Theatre Flashcards A passage through audience seating Term Apron/Forestage Definition Section of the STAGE floor which projects towards or into the AUDITORIUM. In PROSCENIUM theatres, the part of the stage in front of the HOUSE CURTAIN, or in front of the PROSCENIUM ARCH Term Arena Definition A STAGE where the audience are seated on at least two, normally all four, sides of the whole acting area. Also called “theater in the round.” Term Auditorium Definition The part of the theatre accommodating the audience during the performance. Sometimes known as the HOUSE. Term Backstage Definition The part of the STAGE and theatre which is out of the sight of the audience. The service areas of the theatre. Term A vertical PIPE in the wings on which lighting instruments are hung Term Booth Definition Room at the rear of the auditorium (in a proscenium theatre) where lighting and sometimes sound is operated from. Term Border Definition Piece of MASKING that runs above the SCENERY horizontally, across the stage. Usually made of black velour. Term Box Office Definition Part of the theatre front of house area where audience members can buy tickets. Most Box Offices are now computerized, and offer phone reservations. Some offer online (internet) bookings also. Term Bridge Definition A walkway, giving access to technical and service areas above the stage or auditorium, or linking fly-galleries. See also CATWALK. Term An access walkway to equipment. Unlike a BRIDGE, not necessarily across a void. Term Centerline Definition Imaginary guideline that runs upstage-downstage directly in the center of the PROSCENIUM ARCH or the center of the space. Abbreviated CL. Term Cyclorama Definition Usually shortened to just 'cyc' (pronounced sike). The Cyclorama is a curved plain cloth or plastered wall filling the rear of the STAGE. Often used as a 'sky' backing to a traditional set, or as the main backing for a dance piece etc. The term is often loosely applied to a blue sky DROP. Although strictly a cyc should be curved, most cycs are flat with curved wraparound ends. Term The floor of the STAGE. Term Dressing Rooms Definition Rooms containing clothes racks and mirrors (often surrounded with lights) in which actors change into their costumes and apply make-up. Term Drop Definition A large, flat-sewn piece of fabric usually with a scene painted on it. Often hung from a PIPE and flown. Term Elevator/Lift Definition Mechanism, often found in a TRAP, used to raise and lower SCENERY into and out of the playing area. Term Fire Curtain Definition Flame-proof curtain that rides in the SMOKE POCKET, just upstage of the house curtain. In case of fire, this curtain seals the STAGE off from the HOUSE. Term A pipe that is dedicated to the hanging of lighting instruments Term Flat Definition Usually a 4’ x 8’ framework of wood or metal covered in fabric or thin plywood. It is a basic set piece used to construct walls, create MASKING, etc. Term Fly Gallery Definition High working platform at the side(s) of the stage (above RAIL) from which the flying lines are handled. Often are also the site for socket panels for connecting flown lighting apparatus to dimmers, and also sometimes a lighting position. Term Fly Loft Definition High working platform at the side(s) of the stage (above RAIL) from which the flying lines are handled. Often are also the site for socket panels for connecting flown lighting apparatus to dimmers, and also sometimes a lighting position. Term Front of House (FOH) Definition Every part of the theatre in front of the PROSCENIUM ARCH or outside of the backstage area. Includes foyer areas open to the general public. Term Room close to the stage for the actors to meet and relax. Term Grid Definition 1) The support structure close to the top of the FLY LOFT on which the pulleys of the fly system are supported. Constructed from metal or wooden beams. 2) Arrangement of pipes from which lighting instruments are hung in a performance space with no flying facilities. Term House Definition 1) The audience (eg 'How big is the house tonight


Whose first novel 'The Hunt for Red October' was published in 1984?

Tom Clancy - Biography - IMDb Tom Clancy Biography Showing all 29 items Jump to: Overview  (3) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (2) | Trivia  (15) | Personal Quotes  (5) | Salary  (1) Overview (3) Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. Mini Bio (1) Tom Clancy became one of the best-selling writers of the late 20th and early 21st Centuries, starting with the publication of his 1984 thriller, The Hunt for Red October (1990). Born in Baltimore to a U.S. Post Office employee and his wife on April 12, 1947, Clancy graduated from Loyola Blakefield, a Catholic private high school, in 1965 and then attended Loyola College. After graduating with his bachelor's degree in English literature, Clancy went into the insurance business as poor eyesight kept him out of the military. Despite being unable to serve during the Vietnam War, military and Cold War politics remained close to his heart. While running his own insurance agency in Maryland, he wrote "The Hunt for Red October", which was published by the Naval Institute Press in 1984. Clancy received the princely sum of $5,000 from this most unusual venue for a work of fiction, but the book struck a nerve in the depths of the latter stages of the Cold War. The hardcover from the Naval Institute sold 45,000 copies, an amazing amount for a first novel from a publishing house peddling its first book of fiction, but the paperback -- boosted by a strong recommendation from President Ronald Reagan -- sold two million copies. The book was very detailed and extremely savvy when it came to the machinations of the military and Cold War politicians. In fact, Clancy's editor at the Naval Institute Press had him eliminate details, which trimmed the novel by 100 pages. In all, he wrote 28 books, mostly fiction but also, military themed non-fiction books. Clancy placed 17 books on the New York Times Best Seller List, many of which hit #1. His oeuvre accounted for sales of 100 million copies, making him one of the all-time most popular writers in history. Clancy became a media industry onto himself. He was successful lending his name and ideas to video games, and his video game company Red Storm Entertainment was bought out for $45 million in 2000. Clancy-branded video games racked up sales of 76 million units. Movies adapted from Clancy's works racked up $786.5 million at the box office. Tom Clancy died on October 1, 2013. he was 66 years old. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Jon C. Hopwood Spouse (2) Realistic, carefully researched stories about the military and terrorism Writing horror, thrillers or suspense. Trivia (15) Minority owner of the Baltmore Orioles, with majority owner Peter Angelos . Father of four. Attended Loyola High School class of 1965 and Loyola College class of 1969. Major: English Literature. Reportedly is worth over USD $190 million. [2001] Sold his videogame company, Red Storm Entertainment, for $45 million. A woman in Washington, DC, read his novel "The Hunt For Red October" when it was first published by the Naval Press Institute in the 1980s, and loved it so much that she gave a copy to all her friends. One of those friends was President Ronald Reagan , who stepped off Marine One with the book tucked under his arm. A reporter saw the book and asked Reagan, "What are you reading?" Reagan then held up the book so everybody could see the cover and replied, "It's a really a good yarn." After Reagan's compliment, Tom Clancy's first novel became a best seller. He was an insurance salesman before becoming a full time author of military fiction and non-fiction. (He has never had any military or government experience) Due to the limited technology of the 1980s, his novel, "The Hunt For Red October," had to be saved on ten floppy disks. Dreamed of serving in the US military ever since he was a young boy. However, he failed to continue ROTC in college because he couldn't pass the required eye exam, crushing his hopes of ever serving in the army. (Loyola College required all students to enroll for two years of ROTC.) He majored in English at Baltimore's Loyola College. His wife Alexandra is the n


At which resort did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin meet in a major conference in February 1945?

Milestones: 1937–1945 - Office of the Historian Milestones: 1937–1945 The Yalta Conference, 1945 The Yalta Conference took place in a Russian resort town in the Crimea from           February 4–11, 1945, during World War Two. At Yalta, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph             Stalin made important decisions regarding the future progress of           the war and the postwar world. World Leaders at the Yalta Conference The Allied leaders came to Yalta knowing that an Allied victory in Europe was           practically inevitable but less convinced that the Pacific war was nearing an           end. Recognizing that a victory over Japan might require a protracted fight, the           United States and Great Britain saw a major strategic advantage to Soviet           participation in the Pacific theater. At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill           discussed with Stalin the conditions under which the Soviet Union would enter           the war against Japan and all three agreed that, in exchange for potentially           crucial Soviet participation in the Pacific theater, the Soviets would be           granted a sphere of influence in Manchuria following Japan’s surrender. This           included the southern portion of Sakhalin, a lease at Port Arthur (now           Lüshunkou), a share in the operation of the Manchurian railroads, and the Kurile           Islands. This agreement was the major concrete accomplishment of the Yalta           Conference. The Allied leaders also discussed the future of Germany, Eastern Europe and the           United Nations. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed not only to include           France in the postwar governing of Germany, but also that Germany should assume           some, but not all, responsibility for reparations following the war. The           Americans and the British generally agreed that future governments of the           Eastern European nations bordering the Soviet Union should be “friendly” to the           Soviet regime while the Soviets pledged to allow free elections in all           territories liberated from Nazi Germany. Negotiators also released a declaration           on Poland, providing for the inclusion of Communists in the postwar national           government. In discussions regarding the future of the United Nations, all           parties agreed to an American plan concerning voting procedures in the Security           Council, which had been expanded to five permanent members following the           inclusion of France. Each of these permanent members was to hold a veto on           decisions before the Security Council. Initial reaction to the Yalta agreements was celebratory. Roosevelt and many           other Americans viewed it as proof that the spirit of U.S.-Soviet wartime           cooperation would carry over into the postwar period. This sentiment, however,           was short lived. With the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945,           Harry S. Truman became the thirty-third president of the United States. By the           end of April, the new administration clashed with the Soviets over their           influence in Eastern Europe, and over the United Nations. Alarmed at the           perceived lack of cooperation on the part of the Soviets, many Americans began           to criticize Roosevelt’s handling of the Yalta negotiations. To this day, many           of Roosevelt’s most vehement detractors accuse him of “handing over” Eastern           Europe and Northeast Asia to the Soviet Union at Yalta despite the fact that the           Soviets did make many substantial con


What is the oldest structure within the Tower of London, built by William the Conqueror in 1086?

The Tower London Essay - 803 Words Tower of London Essay ...Tower of London Introduction: Although London has lots of tourist attractions, one of the most visited is “The tower of London”, because of its architecture, history and treasures. It was built by William the Conqueror and, in the past, has been a fortress, a palace and a prison. This amazing construction is situated on the most southerly side of London, on the north bank of the River Thames, being separated... 1238  Words | 3  Pages Tower of London Essay ...The Tower of London The Tower of London has a very interesting story behind it. It was begun by a man who was not even English, William of Normandy. At the time he was the cousin of England's Kind Edward. It all started because William became outraged when Edward backed down on his promise to give the throne to William and ended up giving the throne to his English... 1132  Words | 3  Pages Tower of London Essay ...The Tower of London Moonlight shines on the bank of the river reflecting the shadow of the Tower of London behind. This ancient and mysterious tower was simply something to be recognized. With its fine architect and magnificent appearance, there are many true and untrue myths that surrounded this place. The Tower of London is an important part of British history because of its location, its... 1104  Words | 3  Pages Travelling Henry Viii of England and Tower Essay ...Moscow for the first time, you should by all means visit the Kremlin, which is very impressive.  On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the State Kremlin Palace, the Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. The tallest Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. If you leave the Kremlin by the Trinity Gate you will come to the... 3551  Words | 9  Pages Tower of London Essay ...the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its... 602  Words | 2  Pages The Tower of London Essay ...where hockey games or the latest Snooki & J-Wow news didn’t complete the circle of gossip and entertainment, but rather the beheading or hanging of a criminal. In Elizabethan England punishments and crimes were extremely excruciating and the Tower of London inflicted immense fear into citizens. Even in 1558, crimes were just as prominent as they are today. In fact, murder rates may have been slightly higher in the sixteenth century than they were in the late... 909  Words | 3  Pages Essay about Tower of London ...The Tower of London There are many famous historic places in the world, and there are especially many historic places in England. The city of London, England, is a city of history dating back to the Roman Empire. London has famous cathedrals, castles, squares, and other sites of historical significance. One of the oldest, and the most famous, castle in London is the Tower of London. The... 1420  Words | 4  Pages The Tower of London Essay ...The Tower of London The Tower of London, the oldest fortified palace in Europe, was built by William the Conqueror in the late 1000's. It has served as a fortress, prison, palace, and the final resting-place of many people ("Tower of London" Encarta 1). Its history is full of amazing and horrific stories of life and death. To truly appreciate this magnificent group of structures a look must be taken... 691  Words | 2  Pages


What is the name of the area in Central Park dedicated to the memory of John Lennon?

Strawberry Fields in Central Park Map it Located near Central Park West between 71st and 74th Streets, Strawberry Fields is a 2.5 acre area of Central Park that pays tribute to the late Beatle, John Lennon, singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist. John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono lived in the Dakota Apartments adjacently located to this area of the park. It was here, walking into his home, on December 8, 1980, that John Lennon was murdered and shot dead. Strawberry Fields in Central Park by mlattari To commemorate his life, talents and memory, on March 26, 1981, City Council Member Henry J. Stern designated this area, the couple's favorite in Central Park, as Strawberry Fields.  Named after the title of the Beatles' song "Strawberry Fields Forever," the teardrop shaped region was re-landscaped by the Central Park Conservancy with the help of landscape architect Bruce Kelley and a generous $1 million donation from Yoko Ono. Visit Strawberry Fields on one of our Central Park  horse and carriage tours ,  bike tours , pedicab tours , or walking tours . The iconic black and white Imagine mosaic, designed by a team of artists from the Italian city of Naples, lies in the center of Strawberry Fields.  Named after another famous song by John Lennon, "Imagine" evokes a vision and hope for a world without strife, war and conflict. Additionally, there is a bronze plaque that lists the more than 120 countries that planted flowers and donated money for the maintenance of the area; they have also endorsed Strawberry Fields as a Garden of Peace. Sponsored Links Designated as a quiet zone in Central Park, Strawberry Fields, fashioned similarly to the original flowing design of the park, is lined with tall elm trees, shrubs, flowers and rocks. Strawberry Fields officially reopened on October 9, 1985, the 45th anniversary of John Lennon's birth.  Annually, on this date, as well as on the anniversary of John Lennon's death, visitors and fans from all over the globe flock to Strawberry Fields to pay homage to this Beatles' legacy.


In which band did Ringo Starr play immediately before he joined the Beatles?

Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb Ringo Starr Biography Showing all 96 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (5) | Trivia  (51) | Personal Quotes  (32) | Salary  (1) Overview (4) 5' 6" (1.68 m) Mini Bio (1) Ringo Starr is a British musician, actor, director, writer, and artist best known as the drummer of The Beatles who also coined the title 'A Hard day's Night' for The Beatles' first movie. He was born Richard Starkey on July 7, 1940, in a small two-storey house in the working class area of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. His father, Richard Starkey, was a former dockworker turned baker; his mother, Elsie (Gleave) Starkey, was a bakery worker. His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother, Elsie, moved to another home in Liverpool. While attending Silas Infants' Schools he suffered from many afflictions that basically ruined his education: he had constant abdominal pains, was once diagnosed with a ruptured appendix that led to an inflamed peritoneum, which also led to one of his first surgeries. Ringo was in a coma, and his recovery took a couple of months, during which more operations were performed, and he was known to be accident-prone. Shortly after he came out of the coma, he was trying to offer a toy bus to another boy in an adjoining bed, but fell and suffered from a concussion. When he finally was able to go back to school, he learned that he was far behind in his studies. At age 13 he caught a cold that turned into chronic pleurisy, causing him another stay at a hospital in Liverpool. A few lung complications followed, which resulted in a treatment in yet another children's hospital, this time until 1955. Meanwhile, Richard's mother Elsie had married Harry Graves, the man who her son referred to as a "step-ladder". At the age of 15 he could barely read or write, although he had aptitude for practical subjects such as woodwork and mechanics. At that time he dropped out of school and got his first job was as a delivery boy for British Rail. His second job was a barman on a ferry to New Brighton, and his next was as a trainee joiner at Henry Hunt & Sons. Ringo injured his finger on the first day of his new job, and then he decided to become a drummer. His dream came true, when his stepfather bought him a new drum kit, and Richard promised to be the best drummer ever. In 1957, together with Eddie Miles, he started his own band called 'Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group'. At that time he became known as Ritchie, and eventually became caught in the Liverpool's Skiffle craze. Although he was self-taught, he was a good time-keeper, and developed an original beat with his signature accentuations, due to his left-handed manner of playing on the right-handed drum set. He traveled from band to band, but he eventually landed a spot with "Raving Texans", which was a backing band for Rory Storm, later known as "Rory Storm & The Hurricanes", a popular band at that time Liverpool. Rory Storm encouraged Richard to enhance his career by legally changing his name to Ringo Starr. The Hurricanes topped the bill at one of Liverpool's clubs, where The Beatles also had a gig. Ringo's group was at times sharing popularity with The Beatles and Gerry and the Pacemakers . He wanted to leave The Hurricanes to join another group called "The Seniors." Before Ringo, The Beatles tried several other drummers. At one point they were so desperate, that they even invited strangers from the audience to fill the position. Then came Pete Best who was not considered by the other band members to be the greatest drummer, and they were keen to recruit Ringo as his replacement. On June 6, 1962, at the Abbey Road studios, The Beatles passed Martin's audition with the exception of Pete Best. George Martin liked them, but recommended the change of a drummer. Being asked by John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison; Epstein fired Pete Best. After a mutual decision the band was completed with Ringo Starr. Ringo contributed to their first hit in September of 1962, when The Beatles recorded Love Me Do, which charted


Who wrote the plays The Browning Version and Separate Tables?

The Browning Version The Browning Version Terence Rattigan (1911-1977) Terence Rattigan stood on the steps of the Royal Court Theatre, on 8 May 1956, after the opening night of John Osborne's Look Back in Anger. Asked by a reporter what he thought of the play, he replied, with an uncharacteristic lack of discretion, that it should have been retitled 'Look how unlike Terence Rattigan I'm being.' And he was right. The great shifts in British theatre, marked by Osborne's famous première, ushered in kinds of playwriting which were specifically unlike Rattigan's work. The pre-eminence of playwriting as a formal craft, the subtle tracing of the emotional lives of the middle classes – those techniques which Rattigan so perfected – fell dramatically out of favour, creating a veil of prejudice through which his work even now struggles to be seen. Terence Mervyn Rattigan was born on 10 June 1911, a wet Saturday a few days before George V's coronation. His father, Frank, was in the diplomatic corps and Terry's parents were often posted abroad, leaving him to be raised by his paternal grand – mother. Frank Rattigan was a geographically and emotionally distant man, who pursued a string of little-disguised affairs through out his marriage. Rattigan would later draw on these memories when he created Mark St Neots, the bourgeois Casanova of Who is Sylvia? Rattigan was much closer to his mother, Vera Rattigan, and they remained close friends until her death in 1971. Rattigan's parents were not great theatregoers, but Frank Rattigan's brother had married a Gaiety Girl, causing a minor family uproar, and an apocryphal story suggests that the 'indulgent aunt' reported as taking the young Rattigan to the theatre may have been this scandalous relation. And when, in the summer of 1922, his family went to stay in the country cottage of the drama critic Hubert Griffiths, Rattigan avidly worked through his extensive library of playscripts. Terry went to Harrow in 1925, and there maintained both his somewhat illicit theatregoing habit and his insatiable reading, reputedly devouring every play in the school library. Apart from contemporary authors like Galsworthy, Shaw and Barrie, he also read the plays of Chekhov, a writer whose crucial influence he often acknowledged. His early attempts at writing, while giving little sign of his later sophistication, do indicate his ability to absorb and reproduce his own theatrical experiences. There was a ten-minute melodrama about the Borgias entitled The Parchment, on the cover of whichthe author recommends with admirable conviction that a suitable cast for this work might comprise 'Godfrey Tearle, Gladys Cooper, Marie Tempest, Matheson Lang, Isobel Elsom, Henry Ainley … [and] Noël Coward'. At Harrow, when one of his teachers demanded a French playlet for a composition exercise, Rattigan, undaunted by his linguistic shortcomings, produced a full-throated tragedy of deception, passion and revenge which included the immortal curtain line: 'COMTESSE. (Souffrant terriblement.) Non! non! non! Ah non! Mon Dieu, non!' His teacher's now famous response was 'French execrable: theatre sense first class'. A year later, aged fifteen, he wrote The Pure in Heart, a rather more substantial play showing a family being pulled apart by a son's crime and the father's desire to maintain his reputation. Rattigan's ambitions were plainly indicated on the title pages, each of which announced the author to be 'the famous playwrite and author T. M. Rattigan.' Frank Rattigan was less than keen on having a 'playwrite' for a son and was greatly relieved when in 1930, paving the way for a life as a diplomat, Rattigan gained a scholarship to read History at Trinity, Oxford. But Rattigan's interests were entirely elsewhere. A burgeoning political conscience that had led him to oppose the compulsory Officer Training Corps parades at Harrow saw him voice pacifist and socialist arguments at college, even supporting the controversial Oxford Union motion 'This House will in no circumstances fight for its King and Country' in February 1933. The


Shakespeare's Shortest Play   Which play is Shakespeare's shortest? The average length of a play in Elizabethan England was 3000 lines. With 1,787 lines and 14,369 words, The Comedy of Errors is the shortest Shakespearean play (based on the first edition of The Riverside Shakespeare, 1974). How to cite this article: Mabillard, Amanda. Shakespeare's Shortest Play. Shakespeare Online. 20 Sept. 2004. (date when you accessed the information) < http://www.shakespeare-online.com/faq/shakespeareshortestp.html >. ______


In which modern day country would you have found the majority of the Hittite Empire?

Hittites, The - Amazing Bible Timeline with World History Amazing Bible Timeline with World History Easily See 6017 Years of Biblical and World History Together! Menu $0.00 0 items Hittites, The The Hittites were the dark descendants of Heth, the second son of Canaan, youngest son of Ham .  In the Book of Genesis, they are declared to be one of the 12 Canaanite nations dwelling inside or close to Canaan from the time of Abraham up to Ezra’s era. They lived in the Promised Land to the Israelites. That’s why God commanded the Israelites to eradicate them. But they were not destroyed and still dwell in southern Palestine and around Jerusalem with the Hebrews.  The Hittite empire flourished and were shown on the Biblical Timeline chart starting from 2300 BC to about 1100 BC The Great Hittite Empire The Hittite Empire is mentioned over and over in the Bible as one of the most powerful empires in the ancient times. Scholars used to question the accuracy of the Bible saying that such a big Hittite Empire was only hearsay since it was nowhere to be found.  They considered the Hittites a small group of people living in the hills of Canaan together with Abraham . [This article continues after a message from the authors] These Articles are Written by the Publishers of The Amazing Bible Timeline Quickly See 6000 Years of Bible and World History Together Unique Circular Format – see more in less space. Learn facts that you can’t learn just from reading the Bible Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church … Limited Time Offer! Find out more now! > Hittite Kingdoms This was until the discovery showing the center of this great civilization, Hattusa – which was then followed by unearthing the treaty of Kadesh in Egypt establishing the Hittite capital, Hattusa and Heliopolis. And other important proofs such as remnants, tablets, documents, and successful excavations soon revealed the truth about the existence of this great empire. The Capital City, Hattusa Hattusa, the capital city of the amazing Hittite Empire, was excavated inside the circle of Kizil River situated close to the Boğazkale, Turkey. It was surrounded by forest that supplied enough wood for building and maintaining a large city.. The land around it was suitable for agriculture, and the hill lands could support pasture animals. The small rivers around the area supplied enough water for the people. But since these rivers are not appropriate for big ships, transportation in and out of the city was mainly by land. On top of the city was a rock used to shield the metropolis. Archaeologists today tried to reconstruct a small area of the walls with the same materials and techniques used by the Hittites to have a glimpse of how Hattusa looked in its glory days. Excavations showed that the city was almost deserted when it was attacked and burned. Parts of the Bible that mention Hittites: Genesis 23:5, 7, 10, 16, 18. Hittites as the sons of Heth. Genesis 15:20. Hittites as one of Abram’s descendants. Genesis 15:18-21. The Lord made a covenant with Abram giving the land from the river of Egypt to the great river the Euphrates to Abram and his descendants that includes Hittites. Deuteronomy 20:17, 7:1, Joshua 3:10. The Lord commanded the Israelites to destroy the Hittites along with the other children of Canaan. Numbers 13:29, Joshua 11:1. The Hittites are living in the “hill country”. Genesis 23:8-19. Abraham bought the field of Ephron the Hittite located in Machpelah and buried his wife, Sara, in the cave facing Mamre. Genesis 25:8-9. Abraham died and was buried in the cave of Machpelah, which he bought from the son of Zohar the Hittite, Ephron. Judges 3:5. The Israelites lived among the locals that included the Hittites. Genesis 27:46. Rebekah objected to Jacob marrying a Hittite woman. 2 Chronicles 1:17. Imported chariots and horses were given to the kings of the Hittites. 2 Kings 7:6, 1 Kings 10:29. Hittites have their own kingdoms and were hired by the king of Israel, along with the Egyptian kingdoms to fight against the Syrians. Joshua 11:1-2. Hittites allied with Kin


Which country is the largest producer of tungsten (75% of world's output)?

Largest Copper Production by Country | Investing News Read Comments (6) Copper prices have been on a downtrend for some time, losing roughly 26 percent in 2015. The red metal has gained back some ground throughout 2016, but is still sitting well below the $3-per-pound mark, largely due to a decrease in demand growth from top consumer China. However, world copper supply hasn’t dropped as much as one might expect. According to the most recent report from the US Geological Survey (USGS), global copper production inched up 200,000 tonnes for a total of 18.7 million tonnes in 2015, despite reports of production cuts from major miners. Here’s a look at the top copper-producing countries of 2015, as reported by the USGS. Chile took the top spot again by a long shot, although Peru saw a significant increase in its output. 1. Chile Mine production: 5.7 million MT Despite being hit with earthquakes , heavy rains and strikes in 2015, Chile’s copper production held up well, dropping by only about 50 tonnes relative to 2014. Still, mine production came in well below initial estimates for the year — Chile was initially expected to produce about 6 million tonnes in 2015. 2. China Mine production: 1.75 million MT China, the world’s largest copper consumer, is also the world’s second-largest producer of the red metal, coming in with only a slight decrease in production relative to 2014. Late in 2015, nine of the country’s largest copper smelters announced that they would cut production by more than 200,000 tonnes this year in an effort to support copper prices. 3. Peru Mine production: 1.6 million MT Peru came short of its goal of overtaking China to become the world’s second-largest copper producer. That said, it did see a drastic increase in production, jumping from 1.38 million tonnes in 2014 to 1.6 million tonnes in 2015. With a number of major projects set to come online in 2016, Peru’s copper production is expected to increase by 66 percent this year, according to Peru Reports . 4. United States Mine production: 1.25 million MT US mined copper production was down by about 8 percent in 2015. According to the USGS, that was largely due to decreases in production in Utah and Arizona. Rio Tinto’s (NYSE: RIO ,ASX:RIO,LSE:RIO) Bingham Canyon mine in Utah saw production fall by roughly 100,000 tonnes due to lower mill throughput. 5. Congo (Kinshasa) Mine production: 990,000 MT Copper production in the Congo decreased from 1.03 million tonnes in 2014 to 990,000 tonnes in 2015. According to Reuters , that’s the first time in six years that the country has seen a drop in copper production. Glencore (LSE: GLEN ) partially suspended production at its Katanga mining operations in Congo in September. 6. Australia Mine production: 960,000 MT Coming in at number seven on the list, Australia’s copper production remained fairly flat in 2015. Its copper output dropped just 10,000 tonnes from 2014, even with troubles at BHP Billiton’s (NYSE: BHP ,ASX:BHP,LSE:BLT) massive Olympic Dam operations early on in the year. 7. Russia Mine production: 740,000 MT Russian copper production was relatively unchanged for 2015, coming in at 740,000 tonnes compared to 742,000 tonnes in 2014. Norilsk Nickel (MCX: GMKN ) accounts for a large portion of that output — the company reported consolidated copper production of 369,000 tonnes for 2015. 8. Canada Mine production: 695,000 MT Similarly, Canadian copper production remained flat in 2015, sitting around 695,000 tonnes relative to 696,000 tonnes for the year previous. While the strong US dollar may be putting pressure on copper prices, the exchange rate can be a boon for Canadian producers who record costs in Canadian dollars, but sell in US dollars. 9. Zambia Mine production: 600,000 MT Zambia dropped from eighth to ninth on the list of top copper producers last year, seeing a decline in copper production of roughly 92,000 tonnes relative to 2014. Barrick Gold (TSX: ABX ,NYSE:ABX) halted operations at its Lumwana mine in Zambia due to higher royalties in the country, but by April the country had reversed its decision


Who played guitar and was a founder of the 'Hot Club of France' (Quintette du Hot Club de France)?

Quintette du Hot Club de France - New Songs, Playlists & Latest News - BBC Music Quintette du Hot Club de France Formed 1934. Disbanded 1948 Quintette du Hot Club de France http://static.bbci.co.uk/music_clips/2.8.3/img/default_artist_images/pop1.jpg 1934 https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ee55e4e8-807d-49b1-8470-d1c0898ed7cb Add "Quintette du Hot Club de France" to My Music Add "Quintette du Hot Club de France"to My Music Share this page Read more about sharing. Biography (Wikipedia) Quintette du Hot Club de France, often abbreviated to "QdHCdF" or just "QHCF", (“The Quintet of the Hot Club of France”) was a jazz group founded in France in 1934 by guitarist Django Reinhardt and violinist Stéphane Grappelli, and active in one form or another until 1948. One of the earliest and most significant continental jazz groups in Europe, the Quintette was described by critic Thom Jurek as "one of the most original bands in the history of recorded jazz." Their most famous lineup featured Reinhardt, Grappelli, bassist Louis Vola, and rhythm guitarists Roger Chaput and Joseph Reinhardt (Django's brother) who filled out the ensemble's sound and added occasional percussive effects. There are several versions of how the band was formed. The most generally accepted version amongst modern jazz historians is that the group evolved from a series of backstage jams led by Django Reinhardt, with Stephane Grappelli. However, bassist Louis Vola said in an interview that he found the Reinhardt brothers playing on a beach at Toulon. He invited them to jam with his own band. This entry is from Wikipedia , the user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors and is licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons License . If you find the biography content factually incorrect or highly offensive you can edit this article at Wikipedia . Find out more about our use of this data. Show more


Who in 1968 was the first cricketer to be officially recorded as scoring a six off every ball in a six ball over in first class cricket?

cricket | sport | Britannica.com Cricket gridiron football Cricket, England ’s national summer sport, which is now played throughout the world, particularly in Australia, India, Pakistan, the West Indies, and the British Isles . England’s Alec Stewart batting in front of Namibia’s Melt Van Schoor during the Cricket World Cup … Michael Walker—AP/Wide World Photos Cricket is played with a bat and ball and involves two competing sides (teams) of 11 players. The field is oval with a rectangular area in the middle, known as the pitch, that is 22 yards (20.12 metres) by 10 feet (3.04 metres) wide. Two sets of three sticks, called wickets , are set in the ground at each end of the pitch. Across the top of each wicket lie horizontal pieces called bails. The sides take turns at batting and bowling (pitching); each turn is called an “innings” (always plural). Sides have one or two innings each, depending on the prearranged duration of the match, the object being to score the most runs. The bowlers, delivering the ball with a straight arm, try to break (hit) the wicket with the ball so that the bails fall. This is one of several ways that the batsman is dismissed, or put out. A bowler delivers six balls at one wicket (thus completing an “over”), then a different player from his side bowls six balls to the opposite wicket. The batting side defends its wicket. Location of wickets and principal playing positions on cricket field. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. There are two batsman up at a time, and the batsman being bowled to (the striker) tries to hit the ball away from the wicket. A hit may be defensive or offensive. A defensive hit may protect the wicket but leave the batsmen no time to run to the opposite wicket. In that case the batsmen need not run, and play will resume with another bowl. If the batsman can make an offensive hit, he and the second batsman (the nonstriker) at the other wicket change places. Each time both batsmen can reach the opposite wicket, one run is scored. Providing they have enough time without being caught out and dismissed, the batsmen may continue to cross back and forth between the wickets, earning an additional run for each time both reach the opposite side. There is an outside boundary around the cricket field. A ball hit to or beyond the boundary scores four points if it hits the ground and then reaches the boundary, six points if it reaches the boundary from the air (a fly ball). The team with the highest number of runs wins a match. Should both teams be unable to complete their number of innings before the time allotted, the match is declared a draw. Scores in the hundreds are common in cricket. Similar Topics Matches in cricket can range from informal weekend afternoon encounters on village greens to top-level international contests spread over five days in Test matches and played by leading professional players in grand stadiums. History Origin Cricket is believed to have begun possibly as early as the 13th century as a game in which country boys bowled at a tree stump or at the hurdle gate into a sheep pen. This gate consisted of two uprights and a crossbar resting on the slotted tops; the crossbar was called a bail and the entire gate a wicket . The fact that the bail could be dislodged when the wicket was struck made this preferable to the stump , which name was later applied to the hurdle uprights. Early manuscripts differ about the size of the wicket, which acquired a third stump in the 1770s, but by 1706 the pitch—the area between the wickets—was 22 yards long. British Culture and Politics The ball , once presumably a stone, has remained much the same since the 17th century. Its modern weight of between 5.5 and 5.75 ounces (156 and 163 grams) was established in 1774. The primitive bat was no doubt a shaped branch of a tree, resembling a modern hockey stick but considerably longer and heavier. The change to a straight bat was made to defend against length bowling, which had evolved with cricketers in Hambledon, a small village in southern England. The bat was shortened in the handle and str


In the shape of which animal does the Hindu God Hanuman appear?

Symbolic Significance of Hanuman or Anjaneya Symbolic Significance of Hanuman or Anjaneya by Jayaram V Summary: Hanuman from the epic Ramayana goes by many names such as Maruti, Chiranjivi, Anjaneya, etc. He exemplifies supreme devotion to Lord Rama. He is also the most ancient super human, who is popular beyond the Indian subcontinent and mentioned in other traditions and cultures. In this essay we present the symbolic significance of this exceptional god of Hinduism.. Those who are familiar with Hinduism and the epic Ramayana know the deity, Hanuman very well. He is considered to be the greatest devotee ever born on earth. He is one of the main characters of the epic Ramayana, who played a very crucial role in the liberation of Sita and destruction of the demon king, Ravana. He was blessed by Sita, wife of Lord Rama, to remain active in the earth plane till the end of the time cycle. He has been frequently referred to in the West as the monkey god, which is incorrect because Hanuman is not just a monkey as it will be evident from the following discussion. The greatness of Hanuman With regard to character, strength and ability, Hanuman was far superior to even humans. His surrender to the divine cause and his devotion to Lord Rama was unique, exemplary and unconditional. Even today devotees say that wherever the name of Lord Rama is chanted or mentioned, this sacred being would be present there listening to the chanting of his name and absorbed in his thoughts. Besides the Ramayana, references to him are also found in some early texts of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. According to the Hindu mythology, Hanuman was born to Kesari and Anjana Devi, with the blessings of Lord Siva. He is also known as the son of Vayu (Pavanputra), having born with the power and blessings of Vayu. Since He is Anjana's son, He also bears the name of Anjaneya. Hanuman was endowed with miraculous powers and strengths. He was the most ancient and most powerful superman known to the mankind, with the ability to expand or contract his body at will and fly across long distances, even all the way across the planets to the Sun and back. With his super human power and strength he evoked terror in the hearts of powerful demons and evil people and slew many. As a child, he said to have flown beyond the earth into the space and tried to grab the Sun with his mouth, thinking it was a fruit. The Sun god later became his teacher. Although he possessed supernatural powers, because of a curse, he would not remember them and act like a normal person until someone reminded him of his greatness and encouraged him to use his powers for a just cause. Hanuman was the chief minister of Sugreeva, the brother of Vali whom Rama killed in a rather controversial manner from behind a tree, instead of engaging him in a direct fight. Different reasons are attributed for it, but my thinking is that he did it purely for his love for Hanuman and knowing well how important their relationship was going to be once Vali was out of the way and Sugreeva, weak as he was, assumed the power. Hanuman possessed great intellect, knowledge and wisdom, qualities which Rama, the divine leader, was looking for in people when he was trying to find them and develop a strong army of warriors to confront Ravana, when the time came for a final confrontation. The epic Ramayana narrates how the first meeting between Rama and Hanuman took place. When Rama and Lakshmana were wandering in the forests of Kishkindha searching for Sita, Sugreeva and Hanuman had a chance meeting with them. At first, Sugreeva was suspicious about the strangers thinking that they might have been dispatched by his brother Vali. Hanuman assured him that they could not be friends of Vali or the spies sent by him since they were looking like respectable and dignified warriors and harmless. With Sugreeva's half-hearted permission, and to ally his doubts and fear, he approached the strangers in the guise of a brahmana and made enquires about the purpose of their visit. Rama was very much pleased when he saw Hanuman. He was impress


In Italian cuisine what name is given to a turnover of pizza dough filled with vegetables meat or cheese?

Calzone - definition of calzone by The Free Dictionary Calzone - definition of calzone by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/calzone  (kăl-zō′nē, -zōn′, käl-sō′nĕ) n. A baked or fried Italian turnover of pizza dough filled with vegetables, meat, or cheese. [Italian, pant leg, calzone, from calza, sock, from Vulgar Latin *calcea, from Latin calceus, shoe; see calceolate.] calzone (kælˈtsəʊnɪ) n (Cookery) a dish of Italian origin consisting of pizza dough folded over a filling of cheese and tomatoes, herbs, ham, etc [C20: Italian, literally: trouser leg, from calzoni trousers] cal•zo•ne