Which is the only host nation not to win a gold medal at a summer Olympics?

The 14 most fascinating facts about the final 2014 Winter Olympics medal count | For The Win The 14 most fascinating facts about the final 2014 Winter Olympics medal count The 14 most fascinating facts about the final 2014 Winter Olympics medal count By Chris Chase February 23, 2014 10:19 am Follow   @firechrischase 210k shares Follow @firechrischase (USA TODAY Sports Images) The competition ended Sunday at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Which nation ruled the medal count? How did the United States fare? Which athletes went home with the biggest haul? And just how dominant was the Dutch speedskating team? For The Win answers those questions, and many more, with the 14 most interesting facts about the final Winter Olympics medal count. 1. Russia ruled Russia (USA TODAY Sports Images) No matter the metric, the host nation won a decisive medal-count victory . Russia won 13 gold medals in Sochi, two more than runner-up Norway. Overall, Russian athletes won 33 medals, five more than the United States’ 28. It’s the first time the host nation swept both medal counts since Norway did it at the 1952 Winter Games in Oslo. 2. United States is king of the bronze USA TODAY Sports It didn’t look good for the United States. No medals in individual figure skating for the first time since 1936. No medals in speedskating for the first time since 1984. The four most identifiable Winter Olympians — Shaun White, Bode Miller, Lindsey Vonn, Shani Davis — won a total of one bronze medal. (In Vonn’s defense, she wasn’t competing in Sochi due to injury.) The women’s hockey team blew a late 2-0 lead in the gold-medal game and the men’s team was outscored 6-0 in the medal rounds. Still, it wasn’t all bad. American athletes won 28 medals, good for second on the overall medal count. (That was nine fewer medals than the U.S. won in Vancouver, however.) Team USA’s 12 bronze medals were the most for any nation. It’s the third time in the past four Winter Olympics the Americans have won that tally. 3. Dutch (speedskating) masters (USA TODAY Sports Images) The speedskating team from The Netherlands won 23 medals (eight gold, seven silver, eight bronze). Among the remarkable aspects of that achievement: a. The Dutch speedskating team alone would have finished sixth on the overall medal count. b. While the Dutch won 23 medals on the oval, all other nations won 13 medals combined. c. Since 1998, no other country has won more golds in speedskating than the Dutch won in Sochi. (The U.S. and Germany had seven each.) d. They did this all with just 41 athletes in Sochi. Canada earned one more medal with 180 more athletes. e. The Netherlands only won one more medal in the Olympics. It came in short-track speedskating, of course.  4. The rise and fall of Germany (USA TODAY Sports Images) For the early days of the Winter Games, Germany led the gold-medal count, thanks to a dominating performance in luge. (German lugers won all four golds in the luge events.) But once luge ended, it was all downhill from there, as Germany ended up finishing sixth in both medal counts. That’s the worst performance for any post-Berlin Wall German team and the worst for a main German Olympic squad in 46 years. 5. The Dutch did the most with the least The Dutch team at the Opening Ceremony. (AP) We’ve listed the medal count by golds, total medals and per-capita rates . So how about medals per athlete in Sochi? Winning 10 medals with 100 athletes is more impressive than winning 12 medals with 200 athletes, right? It’s no surprise the Netherlands leads this total, with 24 medals from 41 athletes equaling one medal for every 1.7 competitors. Belarus was second (six medals for 24 competitors; 1 for 4), followed by Norway (every 5.15 athletes), France (7) and Russia (7.03). The worst medal-per-athlete rate was Slovakia, which won a single medal for its 62 athletes. Croatia was the smallest delegation to medal, winning one with just 11 athletes. The biggest delegations not to medal in Sochi? Romania and Estonia were shutout with 24 athletes each. 6. Belarus comes out of nowhere Belarus won more m


The Rye House Plot was a plot against which king of England?

Rye House Plot | English history | Britannica.com English history Wesselényi Conspiracy Rye House Plot, (1683), alleged Whig conspiracy to assassinate or mount an insurrection against Charles II of England because of his pro-Roman Catholic policies. The plot drew its name from Rye House at Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, near which ran a narrow road where Charles was supposed to be killed as he traveled from a horse meet at Newmarket. By chance, according to the official narrative, the king’s unexpectedly early departure in March foiled the plot. Ten weeks later, on June 1, an informer’s allegations prompted a government investigation. The facts remain cloudy, but the named figures in the plot included James Scott, Duke of Monmouth ; Arthur Capel, Earl of Essex ; Lord William Russell ; Algernon Sidney ; Sir Thomas Armstrong; Robert Ferguson; and Lord William Howard. All had allegedly met at the house of one Sheppard, a London wine merchant, and at their own houses and discussed various means of ridding the country of Charles II or denying the succession to his openly Roman Catholic brother, the future James II . The Rye House assassination was but one of the schemes discussed. After the plot’s exposure, Essex was arrested and died in the Tower of London , probably a suicide; Russell, Sidney, and Armstrong were tried, convicted of treason, and beheaded; the other figures escaped punishment. Learn More in these related articles:


What is the present name of the country formerly known as Kampuchea?

Historical Country Names - Nations Online Project Historical Country Names keywords: geography, historical country names, former country names, history, place name changes, historical maps List of formerly used country names and names of countries which have ceased to exist. Name changes of countries, dependencies, geographical and other regions of particular geopolitical interest.   Today Abyssinia The Ethiopian Empire spans a geographical area of today Ethiopia, Eritrea , and Djibouti ,and included parts of Northern Somalia , Southern Egypt , Eastern Sudan , Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia . Abyssinia was an empire that existed for more than 800 years, from circa 1137 (beginning of Zagwe Dynasty) until 1974 when the Ethiopian monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'etat.     Afars and Issas Territory formerly known as French Somaliland, the French colony was renamed to the French Territory of Afars and Issas (1967 - 1977),the territory became independent in 1977, known today as Djibouti. formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as the Kingdom of Lesotho.   formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as Republic of Botswana.   Democratic Republic of the Congo Benadir a coastal region of Somalia; covering most of the Indian Ocean coast of the country, from the Gulf of Aden to the Juba River, formerly part of Italian Somaliland.   Biafra, Republic of (named after the Bight of Biafra) today part of   Bophuthatswana - nominal republic and homeland for Tswana-speaking people, 1949 reincorporated into   British Bechuanaland (region) incorporated into the Cape Colony (1895)   British East Africa or East Africa Protectorate British protectorate from 1890 until 1920   Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda , and parts of Somalia (Jubaland) Cape Colony, 1795-1797 British colony, 1803-1806 colony of the Batavian Republic (Netherlands), since 1910 part of   Central African Republic Kenya Colony The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British crown colony in 1920.   Ciskei (Republic of Ciskei)- homeland for Xhosa-speaking people, 1994 reincorporated into   Dahomey ; (the Republic of Dahomey; in French: République du Dahomey), was a former French colony andpart of French West Africa until independence in 1960, in 1975 the Republic of Dahomeychanged its name in Benin. Dan Ho Me was an ancient Kingdom located in the south of today Benin.   French Guinea was a French protectorate in West Africa, after independence from France in 1958 it became today   Mali French West Africa was a federation of eight French colonial territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia and Niger, French Sudan , French Guinea , Côte d'Ivoire, Upper Volta and Dahomey .   Mauritania , The Gambia , Senegal , Niger , Mali , Guinea , Côte d'Ivoire , Burkina Faso and Benin. German East Africa (German: Deutsch-Ostafrika) a German colony from 1885 until 1919 which included Burundi, Rwanda and Tanganyika (the mainland part of present Tanzania), an area almost three times the size of Germany today. German East Africa colony ended with the defeat of Imperial Germany in World War I. With the Treaty of Versailles the territory was divided between Britain (Tanganyika.), Belgium (Ruanda-Urundi), and Portugal (to become part of Mozambique).   Hausaland, consisted of seven independent city-states: Biram, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, and Zaria.   Italian East Africa (former name for Italian possessions in eastern Africa)   Kaffraria, former name for Transkei   Katanga - 1960, Belgium granted independence to the Congolese province of the   Mali Federation, was a country in West Africa 1959-1960, formed by a union between   Malawi Portuguese East Africa (Província Ultramarina de Moçambique) Mozambique or Portuguese East Africa (officially the State of East Africa) for almost 500 years a Portuguese Colony, 1498–1975. See also: Portugal   Sahara Occidental, Spanish name for   Senegambia (region; former name of the confederation of Senegal and


What is the forename of Captain Mainwaring's wife in the TV series Dad's Army?

Captain Mainwaring's wife takes centre stage in new Dad's Army film Friday 5 February 2016 at 10:05AM Captain Mainwaring’s wife speaks! For anyone who knows the Dad’s Army TV series, this fact alone will be enough to tell you that the movie version is marching to a very different tune.  In the original series, Mrs Mainwaring is a recluse, a woman who "hasn’t left the house since Munich”, according to Captain Mainwaring. She is the perfect running gag, heard about but not seen, the beloved “little woman” at the heart of Mainwaring’s silly little universe. The movie version does away with all that comedy coyness, and puts Captain Mainwaring's wife on the front line. Elizabeth Mainwaring (played with blustering efficiency by Felicity Montagu) doesn’t just talk in the film: she is the one who wears the trousers, bossing her husband about in public and bringing the wives of Walmington-On-Sea under her wing. “Man and woman united in common cause,” Elizabeth trumpets proudly, as she marshals the ladies of the town into making bandages for the Home Guard. “Whatever you say dear,” Captain Mainwaring replies bashfully. This bayonet charge for an equal marital footing inevitably takes the film a long way from the television original. For one thing, we see much more of the Home Guard’s home lives than we ever did in the TV series, and not just over at the Mainwarings. 'Uncle' Arthur Wilson is always seen at Private Pike's house, enticed by his Mum Mavis's 'roly poly' pudding. Corporal Jones is more than capable of ‘slipping a sausage’ to one of the women waiting for rations outside his butcher’s shop (apparently, there is life in the old dog yet). Then there is alluring journalist Rose Winters (played by Catherine Zeta Jones), whose tempting advances threaten to set off a full-blown mutiny in the ranks of Walmington's finest. And finally, the other women of the town have ideas of their own about who the German spy in their midst could be... Whether this wins over Dad's Army devotees remains to be see. The TV series, like every classic sitcom, is a delicate comedy habitat, where each character takes their place in the food chain of command. Adding Mrs Mainwaring feels a bit like parachuting a rhinoceros on to the South Downs: brave, probably foolhardy, and bound to cause a kerfuffle with people who have always wondered what a rhino looked like without ever actually wanting to meet one. Then again, maybe this is the best way to translate an adored TV series for a new generation? After all, how much movie mileage is there in a bunch of old codgers stamping up and down a church hall? One thing's for sure, Mrs Mainwaring is mute no longer – and that's bound to set tongues wagging. You can read a full interview with the stars of Dad's Army – and get a free book about the show's history – in this week's Radio Times, available in shops and on the  newsstand ...


Which group was originally called the Pendletones and made one album as Carl and the Passions?

The Beach Boys HISTORY NOTE: Many visitors to this site desire to know basic information about the Beach Boys, specifically, who is still surviving (Brian Wilson, Mike Love, and Al Jardine), who has passed on (Dennis Wilson drowned in 1983, Carl Wilson died from cancer in 1998), and who is now touring (Brian Wilson tours as a solo artist, Mike Love tours with Bruce Johnston (who joined the Beach Boys in 1965) as "The Beach Boys") and Al Jardine occasionally tours with his own band.  This page is to give a brief overview of the Beach Boys lives and careers. The seminal line-up comprised Brian Wilson (b. 20 June 1942, Hawthorne, California, USA), Carl Wilson (b. 21 December 1946, Hawthorne, California, d. 6 February 1998), Dennis Wilson (b. 4 December 1944, Hawthorne, California, USA, d. 28 December 1983), Al Jardine (b. 3 September 1942, Lima, Ohio, USA) and Mike Love (b. 15 March 1941, Baldwin Hills, California, USA). When the aforementioned three brothers, one cousin and a schoolfriend formed a casual singing group in Hawthorne in 1961, they unconsciously created one of the  longest-running, compulsively fascinating and bitterly tragic sagas in popular music. As Carl and The Passions, the Pendletones and Kenny and the Cadets, they rehearsed and played high-school hops while elder brother Brian began to demonstrate his songwriting ability. He was already obsessed with harmonics and melody, and would listen for hours to close-harmony groups, especially the Four Freshmen and the Hi-Lo's. One of his earliest songs, 'Surfin'' (written at the  suggestion of keen surfing brother Dennis), was released on a local label, and the topical name 'Beach Boys' was innocently adopted. The domineering father of the brothers, Murry Wilson, immediately seized on their potential and appointed himself as manager, publicist and producer. After his own abortive attempts at a career in music, he began to live his frustrated career dreams through his sons. 'Surfin', with Murry's efforts, became a sizeable local hit, and made the Billboard Hot 100 (number 75). His continuing efforts gained them a recording contract with Capitol Records during the summer of 1962. In addition to the developing group's conflicts, Nik Venet (the producer at Capitol) became embroiled immediately with Murry, and their ideas clashed. Over the next 18 months the Beach Boys had 10 US hits and released four albums of surfing and hot-rod songs (each cover showed the photograph of neighbourhood friend David Marks, who had temporarily replaced Al Jardine while he attended dentistry college). The Beach Boys' punishing workload began to affect the main songwriter, Brian, who was additionally writing similar material for fellow surf/hot-rodders Jan and Dean. In 1963 the Beach Boys phenomenon reached the UK in the shape of the single 'Surfin' USA', which mildly interrupted the Merseybeat domination. The predominantly working-class image of the British beat group scene was at odds with the perception of the clean and wholesome West Coast, blessed with permanent sunshine, fun, and beautiful girls. During 1964 a further 4 albums were released, culminating in the Christmas Album .  This represented a staggering 8 albums in just over 2 years, 6 of which were arranged and produced by Brian, in addition to his having written 63 out of a total of 84 songs. In America, the Beatles had begun their unmatched domination of the charts, and in their wake came dozens of groups as the British invasion took place. The Beach Boys, more especially Brian, could only stand back in amazement. He felt so threatened that it drove him to compete against the Beatles. Eventually, Brian gained some pyrrhic revenge, when in 1966 the Beach Boys were voted number 1 group in the world by the UK music press, pushing the Fab Four into second place. Wilson's maturity as a composer was developing at a staggering pace with classic hits such as 'I Get Around', 'California Girls' and 'God Only Knows'. The overall quality of albums such as Summer Days (and Summer Nights!!) and Today was extremely high. Many of Wilson's


Of what are grapnel, bower and stockless all types?

Anchor Selection Guide: How to Choose the Best Boat Anchor Type | Anchoring Articles and Tutorials Anchor Selection Guide: How to Choose the Best Boat Anchor Type × I accept the Terms and Coditions Register First name is not valid! Last name is not valid! This is not an email address! Email address is required! This email is already registered! Password is required! Please enter 6 or more characters! Please enter 16 or less characters! Passwords are not same! Terms and Conditions are required! Email or Password is wrong! Anchor Selection Guide: How to Choose the Best Boat Anchor Type This entry was posted on February 19, 2014 by Tommy C . There are a number of boat anchors available, constructed of different materials, and often with confusing names. This article will discuss the most popular types of boat anchors, the most common material types, and also give an overview of different naming conventions. Quick Anchor Style Summary Video: Choosing an Anchor Type Our video below introduces many of the anchor types discussed here, although the article discusses a few more anchor types and gives some useful links. Quick Summary Boat Anchor Recommendation For most boaters, a Bruce or Delta will be the most happy balance between price and performance. All three perform similarly and are similarly priced (Narrowly, the Bruce/Claw is our favorite of the three). If you've used a Danforth in the past, and you have had luck with it, choose a Danforth . If you've never used one before and if your setup allows it, choose a Bruce , CQR , or Delta instead. If you're a blue-water cruiser, and you have a big wallet, consider one of the new generation of anchors. Boat Anchor Names: Trademarked Names and Generic Names Trademarked Name = Wing A special note is needed on the naming of anchors. Many anchors have a trademarked name, such as a Bruce or CQR, and a generic name like Claw or Plow. This is the same as how Xerox is a trademarked name for photocopier and how aspirin is a trademarked name for pain killer. Trademarks effectively never expire whereas design patents expire after approximately 20-25 years. Therefore, manufacturers are free to clone an anchor design that has an expired patent but cannot use the trademarked name. Bruce™ Claw Anchor The Bruce , or Claw, remains one of the most popular anchors amongst recreational boaters in North America. The author is slightly biased, as this is my anchor of choice as well. The Bruce was developed in the 70s by the Bruce Anchor Group. Once their patent expired in the early 2000s, they stopped production of this anchor but many imitations have come along since. Claw Boat Anchor The Bruce is an excellent all-purpose anchor as it performs well in most sea bottoms including mud, sand, grass, rock, and coral. It sometimes has a hard time penetrating harder surfaces, such as clay. Due to the three-claw design, the Bruce often sets more easily than other anchors. It also resets easily if it is ever broken loose. On the downside, the Bruce has a lower holding power per pound than other anchors, meaning you’ll usually need a larger anchor than say the Delta/Wing . Pros: Performs well in most conditions. Sets easily. Cons: Awkward one piece design. Low holding power per pound. Bottoms: Performs well in most bottoms; Struggles in hard bottoms such as clay. CQR™/Plow & Delta™/Wing Anchor CQR/Plow & Delta/Wing Style Anchors Both the CQR/Plow and the Delta/Wing are a plow style anchor. The most significant difference between these anchors is the fact that the CQR has a hinged design whereas the Delta is a one piece design. The CQR is one of the oldest styles, dating back to the 30s and to this day, it remains one of the most popular anchors amongst blue water cruisers. Despite this, it has relatively low holding power and it consistently struggles in independent tests. It’s also rare to find a CQR under 25 lbs lending itself to the saying “There’s no such thing as a small CQR”. Despite these shortcomings, the hinged design makes it more responsive to wind and tide changes as compared to other anchors. T


The loofah is the skeleton of a plant from which family?

Loofah | Definition of Loofah by Merriam-Webster   Definition of loofah 1 :  any of a genus (Luffa) of Old World tropical plants of the gourd family with white to yellow flowers and large usually elongate fruits that are sometimes eaten as vegetables when immature; also :  the fruit of a loofah 2 :  a sponge consisting of the fibrous interior of the mature dried fruit of a loofah (especially Luffa aegyptiaca synonym L. cylindrica)


Who is the most famous cartoon creation of Chester Gould?

Chester Gould (Person) - Comic Vine Chester Gould No recent wiki edits to this page. Early Life and Education Chester Gould was born on November 20, 1900 in Pawnee, Oklahoma to Alice (Miller) and Gilbert Gould. Growing up in Pawnee created fond memories for Gould. At age seven, he discovered the comic strips section of the local newspaper. Not content to merely read the comics, young Gould would copy the cartoons from the newspaper and add his own captions and dialogue. The following year his father prompted him to sketch some of the local politicians at the Pawnee Courthouse who were meeting for the Democratic County Convention of 1908. Some of his sketches were taped to the courthouse windows by his father. One of the men, a lawyer on the Supreme Court, is impressed by Gould’s artwork and buys the sketch from him. At age fourteen, Chester Gould enters his first cartoon contest. A trade magazine was offering a $5.00 prize to the best cartoon illustrating the popularity of the movies. Gould’s cartoon won first prize. With success under his belt, he pursued cartooning with a passion. Just three years later he entered another art contest. This time it was the American Boy Magazine. Gould again won first place, taking home an amazing ten dollars in prize money. Gould in 1932 In 1918, Oklahoma A&M College discovered Gould’s talent for caricatures and cartooning. At their request, he does most of the cartoon artwork in their 1918 and 1919 A&M Year Books. Chester’s success continued as the editor of The Tulsa Democrat hired him to draw eighteen political cartoons. Gould completes the drawings in one month and is paid $35.00. In 1919, Gould moved to Stillwater, Oklahoma to attend Oklahoma A&M College where he enrolled as a freshman majoring in Commerce and Marketing. During his sophomore year, The Daily Oklahoman Newspaper in Oklahoma City hired Gould to do a sports cartoon about athletes in the news. As with his former artistic endeavors, this too is a great success. Early Career in Cartooning On August 30, 1921, at the age of 21, Chester Gould left Oklahoma and moved to Chicago. With high hopes and bags packed he rented a room and took his portfolio of editorial and sports cartoons to the Chicago Tribune. Unfortunately, the Tribune did not have any positions open for Gould, so he applied at the Chicago Journal. At the Chicago Journal a cartoonist was out because of illness, so Gould was hired as a temp at $30 per week. By 1922 Gould finally found work with the Chicago Tribune. As a member of their Art Services Department, he drew advertising art for $50.00 a week. In the meantime, he still submitted comic strip ideas to J. M. Patterson, but without success. In 1923 Chester Gould graduated from Northwestern University. After graduation he is hired by the Evening American at $60.00 a week. Gould signs a 5-year contract with the Evening American and begins drawing two comic strips—The Radio Catts, a hilarious strip about radio and Fillum Fables an adventure strip. With the Evening American he also reviews the top billings at Chicago theaters and draws caricatures of leading stars such as Al Jolson, Eddie Cantor, and Sophie Tucker. As his portfolio grows, Gould continues to create comic strip ideas, sending them to J. M. Patterson, still without success. On a blind date in 1925 Chester Gould meets Edna Gauger. The following year they are married on November 6, 1926. Later that year they move to Wilmette, Illinois. In 1927 their daughter Jean Gould is born. In 1928 Gould leaves the Evening American, and goes to the Daily News. He reverts back to advertising art, does some editorial cartoons, and draws a strip called The Girl Friends. The Creation of Dick Tracy By 1931 Chester Gould had created sixty different comic strip ideas and sent them to J. M. Patterson, all without success. Still at the Daily News, Gould submits his sixty-first idea. One month later, a telegram is received which reads, “Believe Plainclothes Tracy has possibilities. Would like to see you when I go to Chicago. Please call Tribune office Monday about noon for


TYCHE (Tykhe) - Greek Goddess of Fortune & Luck (Roman Fortuna) Fortune, Chance Nemesis and Tyche, Athenian red-figure amphora C5th B.C., Antikensammlung Berlin TYKHE (Tyche) was the goddess of fortune, chance, providence and fate. She was usually honoured in a more favourable light as Eutykhia (Eutychia), goddess of good fortune, luck, success and prosperity. Tykhe was depicted with a variety of attributes--holding a rudder, she was conceived as the divinity guiding and conducting the affairs of the world, and in this respect she was called one of the Moirai (Moirae, Fates); with a ball she represented the varying unsteadiness of fortune, unsteady and capable of rolling in any direction; with Ploutos (Plutus) or the cornucopia, she was the symbol of the plentiful gifts of fortune. Nemesis (Fair Distribution) was cautiously regarded as the downside of Tykhe, one who provided a check on extravagant favours conferred by fortune. The pair were often depicted as companions in Greek vase painting. In the vase painting (right) Nemesis (Indignation) with her arm around Tykhe (Fortune) points an accusing fingure at Helene, who Aphrodite has persuaded to elope with Paris. FAMILY OF TYCHE [1] OKEANOS & TETHYS (Hesiod Theogony 360; Homeric Hymn 2.420) [2] ZEUS (Orphic Hymn 72, Pindar Olympian Ode) [3] PROMETHEUS (Alcman Frag 3) OFFSPRING [1] PLOUTOS (Aesop Fables 130, Pausanias 9.16.2) ENCYCLOPEDIA TYCHE (Tuchê). 1. The personification of chance or luck, the Fortuna of the Romans, is called by Pindar (Ol. xii. init.) a daughter of Zeus the Liberator. She was represented with different attributes. With a rudder, she was conceived as the divinity guiding and conducting the affairs of the world, and in this respect she is called one of the Moerae (Paus. vii. 26. § 3; Pind. Fragm. 75, ed. Heyne); with a ball she represents the varying unsteadiness of fortune; with Plutos or the horn of Amalthea, she was the symbol of the plentiful gifts of fortune. (Artemid. ii. 37.) Tyche was worshipped at Pharae in Messenia (Paus. iv. 30. § 2); at Smyrna, where her statue, the work of Bupalus, held with one hand a globe on her head, and in the other carried the horn of Amalthea (iv. 30. § 4); in the arx of Sicyon (ii. 7. § 5); at Aegeira in Achaia, where she was represented with the horn of Amalthea and a winged Eros by her side (vii. 26. § 3; comp. Plut. De Fort. Rom. 4; Arnob. adv. Gent. vi. 25); in Elis (Paus. vi. 25. § 4); at Thebes (ix. 16. § 1); at Lebadeia, together with agathos daimôn (ix. 39. § 4); at Olympia (v. 15. § 4), and Athens. (Aelian, V. H. ix. 39; comp. Fortuna.) 2. A nymph, one of the playmates of Persephone. (Hom. Hymn. in Cer. 421.) 3. One of the daughters of Oceanus. (Hes. Theog. 360.) Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES Nemesis and Eutychia, Athenian red-figure hydria C5th B.C., Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe Hesiod, Theogony 346 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "Tethys bore to Okeanos (Oceanus) the swirling Potamoi (Rivers) . . . She [Tethys] brought forth also a race apart of daughters, who with lord Apollon and the Rivers have the young in their keeping all over the earth, since this right from Zeus is given them. They are Peitho . . . Kalypso (Calypso), Eudora and Tykhe (Tyche) [in a list of names] . . . Now these are the eldest of the daughters who were born to Tethys and Okeanos, but there are many others beside these." Pindar, Nemean Ode 12. 1 ff (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) : "Daughter of Zeus Eleutherios (Liberator), Tykhe (Tyche, Fortune) our saviour goddess." Alcman, Fragment 64 (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric II) (Greek lyric C7th B.C.) : "Tykhe (Tyche, Fortune) sister of Eunomia (Right Order) and Peitho (Persuasion) daughter of Prometheus." Orphic Hymn 72 to Tyche (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. to 2nd A.D.) : "Queen Tykhe (Tyche) . . . born of Eubouleos (Eubuleus) [Zeus, the Counsellor] famed." TYCHE COMPANION OF PERSEPHONE Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter 5 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th or 6th B.C.) : "Sh


In which European city is the Peter Paul fortress?

Home » Sights » Peter and Paul Fortress, Saint Petersburg, Russia Peter and Paul Fortress, Saint Petersburg, Russia The Peter and Paul Fortress was built to defend the city from naval attacks in the midst of Peter the Great’s war with Sweden. The original earth and log bastions were constructed in 1704 under the supervision of the Tsar and 5 of his closest associates. Fortunately, at the time of its construction, King Charles XII of Sweden remained tied up in a war with Augustus II of Poland and Saxony, and in 1706 Peter ordered the bastions rebuilt in stone by architect Domenico Trezzini and engineer Burchard Christophe von Mimnich. In addition to the bastions he commissioned Trezzini to construct the St. Peter and Paul Cathedral inside the citadel. The fortress was completed in 1733 after more than two decades of work, and luckily no external enemy ever put it to the test, either before it was completed or after. The bell-tower served as the city’s watchtower and became its signature building. Its gilded, angel-topped cupola stretched high into the sky symbolized Russia’s aspirations to become a European power. Among the other highlights of the fortress are the Commandant’s House, the Engineer’s House and the Mint. To the east of the cathedral stands the Commandants’ cemetery - the designated burial location for those who served in prior positions in the Russian army. Nowadays the fortress encompasses a tomb at the base of the elegant spire and is the last resting place of every Russian ruler starting from Peter the Great to Alexander III. In 1998 the remains of Nicholas II and his family were also moved there to join the remains of their royal ancestors. The Trubetskoy Bastion became home to one of Imperial Russia's most infamous prisons. Used for high-ranking political detainees, it became known as the “Russian Bastille” and housed such high profile prisoners as the leaders of the Decembrist Rebellion as well as writers Fedor Dostoyevsky and Maxim Gorky. By the 1870's, the prison was converted into a museum of history, which it remained for the later part of the Imperial period. Further exhibits were later moved into the Engineer’s House, both of which serve today as tourist attractions. Additionally, a museum of Russian rocketry can be found on the grounds. And if you lose track of the time, the traditionally fired cannon everyday at noon from the Naryshkin Bastion will clue you in. You are here Peter and Paul Fortress, Saint Petersburg, Russia You are here


Who, in 1988, led the 1st European expedition to cross Greenlandfrom east to west?

Arctic - Study and exploration | Britannica.com Study and exploration Greenland The earliest references to Arctic exploration are shrouded in obscurity as a result both of inaccurate ideas of the shape of the Earth and of primitive navigation techniques, which make it difficult to interpret early maps and accounts of voyages. Probably the first to approach the Arctic regions was a Greek, Pytheas , who in the 4th century bc made a voyage from the Mediterranean, around Britain, to a place he called Thule, variously identified as the Shetlands, Iceland, and Norway. The accounts of this remarkable explorer were for centuries discredited, but the idea of Thule, shrouded in fog and believed to be the end of the Earth, caught the imagination of many. Routes of major Arctic explorations. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Iceland is known to have been visited by Irish monks in the 8th and 9th centuries, but it was the Vikings from Norway who settled the island, late in the 9th century. In the course of the next four centuries, these hardy sailors established trade routes to the White Sea, visited Greenland (c. 982) and founded two settlements on the southwest coast (which disappeared, for unknown reasons, before the 16th century), reached the coast of North America, and probably also reached Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya. However, they left scant records of their voyages, and many of the places they visited had to be rediscovered by others. The Northeast Passage English and Dutch exploration of the Eurasian Arctic After a long period of inactivity following the decline of the Vikings, leadership in Arctic exploration was assumed in the early 16th century by the Dutch and the English . The motive was trade with the Far East. The known sea routes around the southern tips of Africa and South America had been claimed as a monopoly by Portugal and Spain, respectively, and were long and arduous besides; the overland routes were even worse. There remained, however, the northern latitudes, and the attempts by English and Dutch merchants to find a Northeast and a Northwest Passage strongly stimulated Arctic exploration. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent In 1553 the English sent three ships to the northeast under the command of Sir Hugh Willoughby , with Richard Chancellor as chief pilot. Willoughby, with two ships, wintered in a harbour on the Kola Peninsula, where he and all his men perished. Chancellor, who in the Edward Bonaventure had become separated from the others in a gale, reached what is now Archangel (Arkhangelsk) and made an overland journey to Moscow (some 1,500 miles [2,400 km] in all) before returning home to England. It is interesting to note that these waters were already well known to Russian sailors, who used the route around North Cape (in Norway) to western Europe as early as 1496, but this was not generally known at the time. After Chancellor’s voyage the Muscovy Company was formed, and a lucrative trade developed with Russia—the success of which rather distracted the minds of the English from the Northeast Passage. Nevertheless, in 1556 Stephen Borough sailed in the Searchthrift to try to reach the Ob River, but he was stopped by ice and fog at the entrance to the Kara Sea. Not until 1580 did another English expedition, under Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman, attempt its passage. They too failed to penetrate it, and England lost interest in searching for the Northeast Passage. In the meantime, however, the Dutch had taken up the search, largely because of the efforts of merchant and explorer Olivier Brunel , who in 1565 established a trading post at Archangel. In the course of an eventful career, Brunel made an overland journey to the Ob and in 1584 tried to reach it by sea, but like Pet and Jackman he got no farther than Yugorsky Shar Strait. He was followed by Willem Barents , an outstanding seaman and navigator, who in 1594 discovered Novaya Zemlya and sailed to its northern tip. As Barents coasted north, he noted the wreckage of ships and grave markers at many points along the shore, indicating that Russia


Which US poet wrote a collection of poems called Leaves of Grass, first published in 1855?

University of South Carolina Libraries - Rare Books and Special Collections Introduction | Island 1 | Island 2 | Island 3 | Island 4 Introduction When Walt Whitman published his first edition of Leaves of Grass on or around the fourth day of July in 1855, he believed he was embarking on a personal literary journey of national significance. Setting out to define the American experience, Whitman consciously hoped to answer Ralph Waldo Emerson's 1843 essay, "The Poet," which called for a truly original national poet, one who would sing of the new country in a new voice. The undertaking required unlimited optimism, especially considering the fact that Whitman had published only a small handful of poems prior to 1855; however, Whitman felt confident that the time was ripe and that the people would embrace him. This optimism and confidence resulted largely from his awareness of the tremendous changes in the American literary world that had taken place during his lifetime. At the time of Whitman's birth in 1819, the Constitution and the democratic ideas upon which this country was founded were only a generation old; America was a land of seemingly unlimited space, resources, and possibilities, yet a land with no cultural roots to call its own. In 1820, a year after Whitman's birth, Sydney Smith of Britain's Edinburgh Review was prompted to ask, "In the four quarters of the globe, who reads an American book?" But the period between Smith's remark and the publication of Whitman's first edition of Leaves of Grass in 1855 was one of remarkable and unprecedented change in America, particularly in the world of books. By 1855, America could boast one of the world's largest and most advanced publishing industries, producing distinctly "American" books by authors such as Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, Stowe, Fuller, Thoreau, and Emerson. The amazing growth of American literature and of the supporting publishing industry was the result of a self-conscious effort by authors and publishers to establish for America a literary culture of its own. The resulting increase in, or rather the sudden appearance of, authorship in this country was made possible only through American ingenuity, innovation, and technology in publishing. In short, the advent of modern publishing practices during this period brought books to the people in heretofore unimaginable numbers, spawning as a result one of the greatest periods in the history of American literature. Working as a printer, editor, jounalist, and publisher during the years of the publishing industry's phenomenal growth, Whitman became keenly aware that the tools necessary for his emergence as the new, democratic poet were at his disposal. He believed he could bring poetry to the common people, and with the publication of his 1855 Leaves of Grass, he assumed for himself the role of the American Poet, referring to himself as "one of the roughs," a common man. Whitman carefully continued to cultivate his literary personality throughout his career, especially through the relatively new field of photography. As he revised and enlarged Leaves of Grass (8 editions and numerous printings would appear between 1855 and 1891), Whitman's goal as the self-styled national poet became more clearly defined. Leaves of Grass is essentially a poem in process, with each succeeding edition representing a unique period in the poet's life as well as the nation's. This is perhaps best illustrated by Whitman's Civil War poetry. Originally published in 1865 as a separate volume entitled Drum Taps, these poems were later integrated intoLeaves of Grass, growing in importance in the book as the war's historical significance became clearer in Whitman's mind. He would eventually claim that Leaves of Grass "revolves around that four year's war, which, as I was in the midst of it, becomes, in "Drum-Taps," pivotal to the rest entire." Today, more than a century after the publication of the final edition of Leaves of Grass, Whitman's place in American literary history often seems as nebulous and enigmatic as the ideas upon which America w


Which European country's flag consists of 3 horizontal bands of yellow, green and red?

World Flags World Flags This page lists of the various symbols in the World Flags group. Flags from countries around the world, including their origins, design and history. Edit this group The Flag of Albania (Albanian: Flamuri i Shqipërisë) is a red flag, with a silhouetted black double-headed eagle in the centre, that represents the sovereign state of Albania located in the Balkans. Adopted april 7, 1992 Flag of Algeria The national flag of Algeria (Arabic: علم الجزائر, Berber: Acenyal n Dzayer) consists of two equal vertical bars, green and white, charged in the center with a red star and crescent. The white color represents peace; the green, the beauty of nature; the red, the blood of those killed fighting for independence in the Algerian War (1954 to 1962) and the star and crescent represent Islam. Flag of Andorra The national flag of the Principality of Andorra (Catalan: Bandera d'Andorra) was adopted in 1866. The flag is a vertical tricolour of blue, yellow, and red with the coat of arms of Andorra in the centre. Although the three vertical bars may at first appear to be of equal width, the centre yellow bar is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of bar widths is 8:9:8. The overall flag ratio is 7:10. Flag of Bangladesh The national flag of Bangladesh was adopted officially on 17 January 1972. It is based on a similar flag used during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. The map was later deleted from the flag, most likely to simplify the design.[citation needed] A red disc is on top of the green field, offset slightly toward the hoist so that it appears centred when the flag is flying. The red disc represents the sun rising over Bengal, and also the blood of those who died for the independence of Bangladesh. The green field stands for the lushness of the land of Bangladesh. Flag of Barbados The national flag of Barbados was officially adopted on 30 November 1966, the island's first Independence Day. It consists of a triband of two bands of ultramarine, which are said to stand for the ocean; separated by a golden middle band, representing the sand on the island. A black trident-head (commonly called the "broken trident"), is centred within the golden band. Flag of Belarus The current national flag of Belarus (Belarusian: Сцяг Беларусі, Stsyah Byelarusi; Russian: Флаг Беларуси, Flag Belarusi) is a red and green flag with a white and red ornament pattern placed at the staff (hoist) end. The current design was introduced in 2012 by the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus, and is adapted from a design approved in a referendum in May 1995. The current flag is a modification of the 1951 flag used while the country was a republic of the Soviet Union. The changes from the Byelorussian SSR was to not only remove symbols of communism (the hammer and sickle and also the red star) but it reversed the colors of the ornament pattern from white on red with red on white. Since the 1995 referendum, several flags used by government officials and agencies were modeled from the national flag. Flag of Cameroon The national flag of Cameroon was adopted in its present form on 20 May 1975 after Cameroon became a unitary state. It is a vertical tricolor of green, red and yellow, defaced with a five-pointed star in its center. There is a wide variation in the size of the central star, although it is always contained within the inside stripe. Flag of Canada The National Flag of Canada, also known as the Maple Leaf and l'Unifolié (French for "the one-leafed"), is a flag consisting of a red field with a white square at its centre, in the middle of which is featured a stylized, 11-pointed, red maple leaf. Flag of Chile The national flag of Chile, consists of two unequal horizontal bands of white and red and a blue square the same height as the white band in the canton, which bears a white five-pointed star in the center. It was adopted on 18 October 1817. The Chilean flag is also known in Spanish as La Estrella Solitaria (The Lone Star). Flag of China The flag of the People's Republic of China is a


Who is the only New Zealander to win the F1 World Driver's Championship?

Denny Hulme | NZHistory, New Zealand history online Denny Hulme Biography In 1967 Denny Hulme became the first – and to date only – New Zealander to win the Formula One World Championship. Between his debut at Monaco in 1965 and his final race in the US Grand Prix in 1974, Hulme made 112 starts in F1, for eight victories and 33 podium finishes. He finished third in the overall standings in 1968 and 1972. Hulme showed his versatility as a driver by also dominating the Canadian-American Challenge Cup series (for Group 7 sports cars). As a member of the McLaren team that won five straight titles between 1967 and 1971, he won the individual drivers' championship twice and was runner-up on four other occasions. In 1967 Hulme not only won the F1 championship but was second in the Can-Am series and fourth in that year's Indy 500. He was recognised at home with the New Zealand Sportsman of the Year award. Denny's father, Alfred Hulme , won the Victoria Cross while fighting in Crete in 1941. Denny was born and raised on the family tobacco farm in Motueka. After leaving school he worked in a garage and saved enough to buy an MG TF. He began competing in local events and in 1960 won a Driver-to-Europe scholarship. This took him to England where he worked for the legendary Australian F1 driver and constructor, Jack Brabham. In 1961 Hulme raced at Le Mans for the Abarth team before joining Ken Tyrrell's Formula 2 team. After some impressive performances for Tyrrell, Hulme rejoined Brabham's F2 team before making the step-up to F1 in 1965 at Monaco. He soon secured his first points with a fourth placing in the French Grand prix. In his first full season of F1 in 1966 he finished fourth overall. The 1967 championship consisted of 11 races. Hulme won at Monte Carlo and in Germany and secured enough podium finishes elsewhere to claim the Championship by five points from his boss, Jack Brabham. In 1968 Hulme joined fellow Kiwi Bruce McLaren's team. Victories in Italy and Canada were not enough for Hulme to defend his title and he finished third. He remained with McLaren until his retirement in 1974. After retiring from F1, Hulme turned to touring car racing. In 1992, while competing in the Bathurst 1000, Australia's premier touring car race, he suffered a massive heart attack at the wheel of a BMW M3 travelling at just over 300 km/h. He hit a wall but managed to bring the car to a relatively controlled stop. He was pronounced dead on arrival at Bathurst Hospital. Hulme raced in an era when the life expectancy of drivers was low. The cars and tracks lacked many of the safety features considered standard today. These challenges were highlighted by the fact that, at the time of his death, Hulme was the first former F1 champion to die of natural causes. Following his death Denny Hulme was inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame. A decade later, in 2002, he received worldwide recognition with his induction into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame. He remains New Zealand's only F1 world champion. Further information:


The height of which biblical character was 6 cubits and a span?

Clash of the Manuscripts: Goliath & the Hebrew Text of the Old Testament — Bible Study Magazine / Patrick Fore Michael S. Heiser Goliath may have been killed three thousand years ago, but he’s still an imposing obstacle—this time to Bible scholars. But how can a story so easily followed by children be a conundrum for scholars? It happens all the time when you study Hebrew manuscripts. The story of David and Goliath (1 Sam 17) presents a number of thorny problems to textual critics, scholars who specialize in studying manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible to determine the precise reading of the original text. Let’s look at two examples. How Tall Was Goliath? First Samuel 17:4 notes that Goliath’s height was measured at “six cubits and one span,” about nine feet, six inches. That measurement comes from one Hebrew manuscript tradition, known as the Masoretic text, a text that was fixed around 100 AD by the Jewish community in Israel. We know from the Dead Sea Scrolls that there were other editions of the Hebrew Bible. One of those was the Hebrew text from which the Septuagint, the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament,1 was translated. The Septuagint at times disagrees with the Masoretic text. The Septuagint has the height of Goliath at four cubits and one span, or about six feet, six inches. The only Hebrew text of 1 Sam 17:4 found among the Dead Sea Scrolls also reads “four,” and the Jewish historian Josephus describes Goliath as, “a man of vast bulk, for he was of four cubits and a span in tallness.2” The textual evidence is clearly on the side of the shorter Goliath, but that has no real importance for interpretation. Archaeologists have long noted that male human skeletal remains from the biblical period have an average height of slightly less than five and a half feet, so even the shorter Goliath was quite a bit taller than most people the Israelites had ever seen.3 The relatively diminutive stature of Israelites also helps us understand the comment in 1 Sam 9:2, that “from his shoulders upward [Saul] was taller than any of the people.” Saul should have been the one fighting Goliath, not David, and so the story makes clear who had God in his corner. Saul had been rejected as king; David was now Israel’s champion. A Man of Vast Bulk: Goliath's Height Who Killed Goliath? The second example is much trickier. Second Samuel 21:19 records the violent death of Goliath but appears to flatly contradict the account in 1 Sam 17, where David slays the giant: Elhanan the son of Jaare-oregim, the Bethlehemite, struck down Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam. Unless David and Elhanan are the same person,4 we have a pretty clear problem that needs resolution. The key to unraveling the statement that Elhanan killed Goliath is found in 1 Chr 20:5, which is a parallel passage to 2 Sam 21:19: Elhanan the son of Jair struck down Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam. This verse allows us to say that Elhanan killed Goliath’s brother, not the more famous warrior defeated by David. That might erase the tension between 1 Sam 17 and 2 Sam 21:19, but now we have a contradiction between 1 Chr 20:5 and 2 Sam 21:19! Fortunately, there’s a way out of this mess, but it’s complicated. Get ready for some scribal detective work—pay close attention to the colors. The word in brown (ʾoregim), colored three times, is exactly the same. It means “weaver,” but in the first line of 2 Sam 21:19 it is awkwardly placed after the name “Jaare.” The only way to make sense of this was to make the word part of the proper name, and so we have “Jaare-Oregim” in our verse. This raises suspicions for those who work in the Hebrew text since our word in brown is never used in conjunction with a proper name anywhere else in the Bible—it is always a common noun. Further in 2 Sam 21:19 the brown word appears twice—this also doesn’t happen anywhere else in the Bible. Taking these oddities together suggests very strongly that somewhere along the chain of copying the text of 1 Sam 17 one


During World War 2 in which country was the Gothic defensive line?

Gothic Line Offensive | World War II Database World War II Database Contributor: C. Peter Chen ww2dbaseThe Gothic Line, renamed Green Line in Jun 1944, was the final main German defensive line in northern Italy. The line stretched from the area south of La Spezia on the west coast of Italy through the Apennine Mountains to the area between Pesaro and Ravenna on the east coast. It featured 2,376 machine gun nests, 479 gun positions, concrete bunkers, barbed wire, anti-tank ditches, and natural terrain favoring the defenders. By Aug 1944, the Germans in Italy were plagued with increased Italian partisan activity behind the front lines, while the Allies commanders in Italy were frustrated by their superiors transferring forces under their control for the new front in France; by the first week of Aug, strength of British 8th Army had fallen from the height of 249,000 men to about 153,000, for example. Although France now became the main front for the Allies to break into the heart of Germany, the Italian campaign was not canceled, as it had political value. If the American and British forces were able to take northern Italy, they would have a chance to advance further north into Austria and Hungary to lessen post-war Soviet influence in that region. ww2dbaseOperation Olive was launched on 25 Aug 1944. On the Adriatic Sea coast in eastern Italy, Oliver Leese's British 8th Army assaulted the eastern end of the Gothic Line. Troops of Polish II Corps and Canadian I Corps spearheaded the attack, finding surprised German defensive positions. Albert Kesselring, the German theater commanding officer, was unsure whether this attack was to be the main assault and held on to his reserves, fearing that the US troops stationed south of Bologna might launch the actual main attack. On 28 Aug, captured Allied document revealed that the British 8th Army indeed was part of the main effort, and Kesselring released three reserve divisions to the coastal area; it would take them two to three days before they could arrive and become ready for combat. Meanwhile, British, Polish, and Canadian troops pushed through the Green I defensive positions and reached Green II defensive positions, threatening the city of Rimini. In the first two weeks of Sep, British and Indian troops engaged in a series of heavy fighting on Gemmano, held by troops of German 98th Division; it took the Allies 12 separate attempts before finally wearing down the defenders and capturing the town. In an attempt to safeguard the German flanks, German troops marched into high grounds in the neutral country of San Marino, located southwest of Rimini; on 17 Sep, Indian 4th Division attacked San Marino, capturing the small country after three days of fighting against troops of German 278th Infantry Division. On 21 Sep, Rimini fell to troops of Greek 3rd Mountain Brigade of Canadian 1st Division, with New Zealand 20th Armoured Regiment in support. Just as progress was made, however, the autumn rain season began, swelling rivers and flooding roads, slowing but not stopping the advances. In late Sep, Lieutenant-General Richard McCreery replaced Oliver Leese as the commanding officer of British 8th Army. ww2dbaseMark Clark's US 5th Army launched the second arm of the attack in the Apennine Mountains toward Bologna at dusk on 12 Sep, about three weeks after British 8th Army. Monte Altuzzo and Monte Pratone were captured by 17 Sep, and the key Il Giogo pass was taken four days later. Around this time, Clark decided against the capture of Bologna, instead moving east toward Imola in an attempt to encircle German 10th Army; a few days later, as the advance toward Imola grounded to a halt, he switched his attention back at Bologna. A fresh offensive by US and British troops was launched toward Bologna on 5 Oct, which again saw very slow progress. ww2dbaseIn the first week of Oct 1944, British 8th Army launched a new offensive, forcing Kesselring to consolidate his defenses at Bologna. On 16 Oct, US 5th Army launched yet another new offensive toward Bologna, with US 88th Divi


In what country are the most active volcanoes?

What country has the most active volcanoes? | Reference.com What country has the most active volcanoes? A: Quick Answer Indonesia has 147 volcanoes, 76 of which are still active making it the world's most active volcano country. The country consists of a chain of more than 13,000 islands that are spread out over an area similar in size to the continental United States. Full Answer Most of the active volcanoes in Indonesia belong to the 3,000-kilometer stretch of the Sunda Volcanic Arc. With 76, the country has the largest number of historically active volcanoes. A total of 1,171 known eruptions have taken place, only second to Japan's 1,274. Indonesia also holds the record for the highest number of volcanic eruptions producing fatalities, land damages and tsunamis.


Who patented the electric razor in 1931?

Jacob Schick Invents the Electric Razor – Today in History: May 13 | ConnecticutHistory.org Jacob Schick Invents the Electric Razor – Today in History: May 13 Shaving Machine patent, Jacob Schick, May 13, 1930, Stamford On May 13, 1930, Colonel Jacob Schick obtained patent No. 1,757,978 for his dry electric shaver. The idea of creating an electric razor came to him while he recuperated from an injury suffered while doing some gold exploration in Alaska and British Columbia in the early 1910s. Finding it difficult to shave and, at the same time, having time on his hands while recuperating, Schick drew up crude plans that featured a shaver with a shaving head driven by a flexible cable and powered by a grapefruit-sized external motor. Plans for the machine were sent out, and manufacturers quickly rejected the bulky invention. Further plans to perfect the electric dry shaver were put on hold when Schick returned to active military duty during World War I. Later, inspired by weaponry he saw in the service, Schick went to work to develop the Magazine Repeating Razor, and in 1925 he started a company of the same name. The razor’s design used the principles of repeating firearms, and blades were sold in clips and loaded into the razor, without ever having to touch them. Although the Magazine Repeating Razor did well in the marketplace, Schick went back to developing the dry electric razor, and in 1927 his invention was fully marketable. So sure was he of the electric dry shaver’s potential, Schick sold the assets of his razor company in 1928 in order to capitalize the new invention. In 1930 the firm was incorporated as Schick Dry Shaver, Inc. Although the early electric razor did not meet widespread acceptance, as Schick had hoped, he was able to open a factory in Stamford which employed 100 people. The business grew steadily as new models were introduced, and in 1940 Schick Dry Shaver was incorporated in Delaware as Rainbow, Inc. In 1946 the name was changed to Schick, Inc., and in 1981 Norelco took over operations. Today, Norelco is located where Schick operated his electric shaver factory in Stamford. LEARN MORE Documents Schick, Jacob. Patent Number 1,452,935 - Safety Razor. US1452935 A. New York, NY, issued April 24, 1923. Link . Schick, Jacob. Patent Number 1,721,530 - Shaving Implement. 1,721,530. Stamford, CT, issued July 23, 1929. Link . Schick, Jacob. Patent Number 1,757,978 - Shaving Machine. US1757978 A. Stamford, CT, issued May 13, 1930. Link . Enjoyed reading this? Share it with friends » Similar


Mirabelle and Victoria are varieties of which fruit?

Mirabelle plum | Yalca Fruit Trees Yalca Fruit Trees You are here: Home › Products › Plum Trees European › Mirabelle plum Mirabelle plum In stock Add to basket Description Product Description The Mirabelle plum is a culinary plum coming back into popularity in recent years, with many chefs bringing them back onto the menu, smaller, sweet yellow round fruits, reaching fullness of flavour when cooked, sold in abundance in France and Belgium, a real antique – first recorded in France in 1675. Ripens: February Sugar Maple Trees Secure Shopping with Geotrust Yalca Fruit Trees new online store now offers a secure, easy to use checkout experience - using credit card or allowing you to use direct deposit or cheque/money order after placing your order through the checkout. Yalca Fruit Trees Yalca Fruit Trees is a Fruit Tree Nursery located in Yalca Victoria 30 minutes from Shepparton. We are passionate about growing the best trees and love the Heritage Fruit Tree and Dwarf Fruit Tree varieties. Our fruit trees are shipped to Melbourne, Adelaide, Sydney and most Australian states and towns. Secure Shopping by GeoTrust Yalca Fruit Trees new online store now offers a secure, easy to use checkout experience - using credit card or allowing you to use direct deposit after placing your order through the checkout. Contact Us


"On which earlier film of 1940 was the 1956 musical ""High Society"" based?"

High Society - A sumptuous "feel-good" musical High Society (1956) Bing Crosby, Grace Kelly and Frank Sinatra 'High Society' is a musical comedy film made in 1956, directed by Charles Walters and starring Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and Grace Kelly. It is a musical adaptation of the classic 1940 movie, 'The Philadelphia Story', which in its turn, was adapted from the Broadway play 'The Philadelphia Story' by Philip Barry. 'High Society' received two Academy Award nominations, for Best Song, "True Love", and Best Music Score, and although it was compared unfavorably with its 1940 predecessor, it became one of the highest grossing films of 1956. Search Amazon for 'High Society' The movie is unusual for a musical in that there are no real dancing scenes, but there are some marvellous songs by Cole Porter, including "True Love", sung by Crosby and Grace Kelly, ""Well, Did you Evah" sung inimitably by Crosby and Sinatra, "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?" by Sinatra and Celeste Holm, and a wonderful duet between Crosby and Louis Armstrong, "Now You Has Jazz". Unlike her co-stars, Grace Kelly was not a singer and "True Love" was written to accommodate her narrow vocal range. The song lost its Oscar to Doris Day's "Que Sera Sera" which became a massive chart hit in 1956. Plot The plot is essentially the same as in the earlier film although the action now takes place in Newport, Rhode Island, rather than Philadelphia, which gives an excellent excuse for Louis Armstrong to appear at the Newport Jazz Festival. The action revolves around a society wedding between the beautiful Tracy Lord (Grace Kelly) and the rich but dull George Kitteridge (John Lund). Tension builds with the arrival of Tracy's ex-husband, Dexter Haven (Bing Crosby) who still loves her and wants to win her back. Complications ensue when two journalists from 'Spy' Magazine, Mike Connor (Frank Sinatra) and Liz Imbrie (Celeste Holm) arrive to cover the story. Cast As with its 1940 predecessor the movie has an all star cast, but angled to the musical rather than pure acting. Either Bing Crosby or Frank Sinatra on their own would virtually guarantee a film's success. Putting them together was a rare event and it made the film a surefire hit. Their duet, "Well, Did You Evah" is one of the highlights of the movie. They are both full of charm and charisma to their fingertips and they contrast and complement each other well. Crosby is as effortless as ever in his delivery, and Sinatra in particular is in fine acting and singing form. Grace Kelly, too, performs her role well in her last film before becoming Princess of Monaco. She is stunningly beautiful, and is brilliant when she drunkenly sings 'You're Sensational'. Celeste Holm performs the difficult role of "the other star" extremely capably, at least as well as Ruth Hussey in the original. Summary Of course its very easy to constantly compare 'High Society' unfavorably with its brilliant 1940 original. The cast of 'The Philadelphia Story' was incomparably good and at the top of their game. The whole point of 'High Society' is that it is a musical, not a dramatic comedy. And as a musical it excels. A wonderful cast, fantastic music and a good script. It does not get much better than this. Main Cast


What is the common name for the condition of myopia?

Myopia | definition of myopia by Medical dictionary Myopia | definition of myopia by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/myopia Related to myopia: hyperopia , Marketing myopia Myopia   Definition Myopia is the medical term for nearsightedness. People with myopia see objects more clearly when they are close to the eye, while distant objects appear blurred or fuzzy. Reading and close-up work may be clear, but distance vision is blurry. Description To understand myopia it is necessary to have a basic knowledge of the main parts of the eye's focusing system: the cornea, the lens, and the retina. The cornea is a tough, transparent, dome-shaped tissue that covers the front of the eye (not to be confused with the white, opaque sclera). The cornea lies in front of the iris (the colored part of the eye). The lens is a transparent, double-convex structure located behind the iris. The retina is a thin membrane that lines the rear of the eyeball. Light-sensitive retinal cells convert incoming light rays into electrical signals that are sent along the optic nerve to the brain, which then interprets the images. In people with normal vision, parallel light rays enter the eye and are bent by the cornea and lens (a process called refraction) to focus precisely on the retina, providing a crisp, clear image. In the myopic eye, the focusing power of the cornea (the major refracting structure of the eye) and the lens is too great with respect to the length of the eyeball. Light rays are bent too much, and they converge in front of the retina. This inaccuracy is called a refractive error. In other words, an overfocused fuzzy image is sent to the brain. There are many types of myopia. Some common types include: Physiologic Pathologic Acquired. By far the most common form, physiologic myopia develops in children sometime between the ages of 5-10 years and gradually progresses until the eye is fully grown. Physiologic myopia may include refractive myopia (the cornea and lens-bending properties are too strong) and axial myopia (the eyeball is too long). Pathologic myopia is a far less common abnormality. This condition begins as physiologic myopia, but rather than stabilizing, the eye continues to enlarge at an abnormal rate (progressive myopia). This more advanced type of myopia may lead to degenerative changes in the eye (degenerative myopia). Acquired myopia occurs after infancy. This condition may be seen in association with uncontrolled diabetes and certain types of cataracts. Antihypertensive drugs and other medications can also affect the refractive power of the lens. Genetic profile Eyecare professionals have debated the role of genetics in the development of myopia for many years. Some believe that a tendency toward myopia may be inherited, but the actual disorder results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Environmental factors include close work; work with computer monitors or other instruments that emit some light (electron microscopes, photographic equipment, lasers, etc.); emotional stress ; and eye strain. A variety of genetic patterns for inheriting myopia have been suggested. One explanation for lack of agreement is that the genetic profile of high myopia (defined as a refractive error greater than -6 diopters) may differ from that of low myopia. Some researchers think that high myopia is determined by genetic factors to a greater extent than low myopia. Another explanation for disagreement regarding the role of heredity in myopia is the sensitivity of the human eye to very small changes in its anatomical structure. Since even small deviations from normal structure cause significant refractive errors, it may be difficult to single out any specific genetic or environmental factor as their cause. Since 1992, genetic markers that may be associated with genes for myopia have been located on human chromosomes 1, 2, 12, and 18. There is some genetic information on the short arm of chromosome 2 in highly myopic people. Genetic information for low myopia appears to be located on the sho


BioKIDS - Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species, Alosa pseudoharengus, Anadromous alewives: INFORMATION Skip directly to main content . Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species Alosa pseudoharengus What do they look like? Alewives have an overall silvery color with a grayish green back. A black spot at the eye level is directly behind the head. Adults have longitudinal lines that run along the midline of the body. Small alewives have a violet sheen on the sides while adults have a golden cast on their heads and upper parts. They are colored very much like skipjack herring . Scales along the middle of the belly form a raised edge. Females are bigger than males and generally live longer. The body is very rounded and flattened. The head is broadly triangular. The eyes are large and have structures that look like eyelids. The single dorsal fin usually has 13-14 rays but may have 12-16. The tail fin is forked. The anal fin is short and wide with 15-19 rays. Alewives that live at sea tend to be longer, ranging from 255 to 355 mm. Alewives that live in freshwater are about 150 mm in length and mature faster than alewives that live at sea. Other Physical Features 3.94 to 13.98 in Where do they live? Alewives are native to the Atlantic Ocean and the lakes and streams that drain to it from Newfoundland to North Carolina. They are "anadromous", which means that they live most of their lives in the sea but migrate into freshwater rivers and streams to breed. They are present, but non-native, in all of the Great Lakes and many lakes in northern New York. In the Great Lakes they are now abundant in Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Alewives don't do well in Lake Superior because the water is too cold and lake trout prey heavily on them there. They don't do well in Lake Erie because the lake is too shallow to provide suitable overwintering grounds for large numbers of fish. Several theories exist on how alewives could have become established in the Great Lakes. Scott and Crossman suggest that alewives may have been accidentally included in a batch of American shad that were used to stock Lake Ontario. The alewives also could have migrated from Lakes Seneca and Cayuga in New York to the Great Lakes through the St. Lawrence River. A third argument for the current distribution is that alewives were native to Lake Ontario in small numbers but went unnoticed until a population explosion in 1873. Biogeographic Regions native What kind of habitat do they need? Alewives spend most of their time in coastal waters and most are caught in water 56 to 100 m deep at about 4°C. They are sensitive to light and tend to be in deeper waters during daylight hours. They follow the daily movements of zooplankton in the water column. Adults can withstand temperatures up to 25°C and young of the year can live in waters up to 30°C. These animals are found in the following types of habitat 183.73 to 328.08 ft How do they grow? Fertilized eggs are about 0.9 mm in diameter. Three to five days after hatching, the larvae begin to feed. They slowly transform into juvenile fish and remain in fresh water until the fall, growing to 3.8 to 12.5 cm. How do they reproduce? Alewives spawn in the spring. The young swim to sea or to deeper parts of large lakes (including the Great Lakes). Migration to spawning grounds happens earlier in warmer areas. Spawning generally starts in April in the south and lasts until the end of May farther north. In all populations, females reach the spawning grounds first and older fish are the first to spawn. The oldest fish recorded at spawning sites were to 10 years old. Spawning occurs in groups of 3 or in pairs. Mating System polygynandrous (promiscuous) Females lay their eggs and males fertilize them at the same time. The eggs are sticky at first and may stick to plants or rocks. Within a few hours they settle to the bottom of the lake or river. Alewives lay their eggs over any type of substrate. The number of eggs per female may be 10,000 to 360,000. In populations that migrate to the sea, adult alewives spend most of their lives at sea but spawn


In the US children's TV show, 1968-1970, as what were Fleegle, Bingo, Drooper and Snorky known?

Share via Email Livia Gamble Australia's Comedy Company featured some of the country's top comedians at the time giving us gems like Con and Kylie.  Countdown was our window into pop music with Molly at the helm. Countdown was the most popular music program in Australian TV history.  Flipper a bottlenose dolphin, is the companion animal of Porter Ricks, Chief Warden at fictional Coral Key Park and Marine Preserve in southern Florida, and his two young sons, Sandy and Bud.  Gilligans Island "The ship set ground on the shore of this uncharted desert isle With Gilligan The Skipper too, The millionaire and his wife, The movie star The professor and Mary Ann, Here on Gilligans Isle. "  The Greatest American Hero The series chronicles Ralph's adventures after a group of aliens gives him a red suit that gives him superhuman abilities. Unfortunately for Ralph, who hates wearing the suit, he immediately loses its instruction booklet, and thus has to learn how to use its powers by trial and error, often with comical results.  Channel 9's Hey Hey it's Saturday was a long-running variety television program on Australian television. It initially ran for 27 years, starting as a Saturday morning cartoon show then moving to the evening prime time slot.  Humphry B Bear was first broadcast in 1965. The show became one of the most successful programs for pre-schoolers in Australia. The part of Humphrey was played by Edwin Duryea, an actor, singer and dancer whose human identity was never revealed.  Born from an egg on a mountain top, Funkiest Monkey that ever popped, He knew every magic trick under the sun, Tease the Gods and everyone can have some fun.  Monkey magic, Monkey magic,  Mork & Mindy A wacky alien (played by Robin Williams) comes to Earth to study its residents, and the life of the human woman he boards with is never the same.  The Muppet Show is a half-hour variety show in which Kermit the Frog and the Muppets put on a weekly musical/comedy revue at the Muppet Theater. Unfortunately for them, things never quite go according to plan, for the Muppets or their weekly guest stars.  Perfect Match ran between 1984 and 1989. followed the format of a contestant determining their "perfect match" by asking three potential suitors of the opposite sex hidden behind a screen a number of scripted compatibility questions.  Perfect Strangers chronicles the rocky coexistence of midwestern American Larry Appleton and his distant cousin from eastern Mediterranean Europe,  ABC's PlaySchool - the longest-running children's show in Australia, and the second-longest-running children's show in the world. An estimated 80% of pre-school children under six watch the programme at least once a week.  Press your luck The show was known for the "Whammy"—a red cartoon creature wearing a cape. Landing on any of the Whammy's spaces on the game board took away the contestant's money.  Sale of the Century, quiz gameshow hosted by Tony Barber and later Glen Ridge and hostesses over the years have included Victoria Nicholls, Delvene Delaney, Alyce Platt, Jo Bailey, Nicky Buckley and Karina Brown.  Skippy the Bush Kangaroo airing from 1968-1970 about the adventures of a young boy and his intelligent pet kangaroo, and the various visitors to the fictional Waratah National Park.  Solid Gold featured musical performances and various other elements such as music videos. What set Solid Gold apart was a group of dancers in revealing costumes who at various points in the program performed various (and sometimes borderline risqué) dances to the top ten hits of the week.  Wheel of Fortune a word based gameshow hosted by John Burgess, and letter-turner Adriana Xenides.  The Archie Show was an animated TV series based on the comic and told the story of 17-year-old Archie Andrews and his teenage friends who form for one season in 1968.  Before Neil Patrick Harris was known for suiting-up he was a boy-genius in Doogie Howser, M.D. Having finished his medical degree at 14 years of age, Doogie was the youngest licensed doctor in the country. Throughout the series he g


Portree is the largest town of which island?

Portree | VisitScotland Portree Towns & Villages Portree, the main town on the Isle of Skye, is a bustling port and a thriving cultural centre. Set round its natural harbour and fringed by high ground and cliffs, the town is a popular tourists’ holiday destination and the harbour continues to be used by fishing boats as well as pleasure craft. It boasts excellent leisure facilities including a swimming pool, pony-trekking and boat cruises plus plenty of shopping opportunities in addition to the great variety of accommodation ranging from upmarket hotels through guest houses, B&Bs, self-catering establishments and hostels. There is also a campsite nearby. Portree is also the cultural hub for Skye and one of its main attractions, the award-winning Aros Centre, runs regular theatre, concerts and film screenings. The centre also incorporates an exhibition capturing the drama of Skye’s history, a spectacular RSPB exhibit with live and recorded footage of rare sea eagles plus an audio-visual presentation giving a dramatic aerial view of Skye’s incredible landscapes. The town is a popular base for exploring the rest of the island. Many visitors are drawn to the spectacular scenery of the Trotternish Ridge to the north as this wild area is dominated by weird and wonderful at the same time rock formations such as the Old Man of Storr, Kilt Rock and the truly extraordinary pinnacles of the Quaraing.


Which car manufacturer made the models 'Imp' and 'Husky'?

Hillman Husky 1967-'70 - The Imp Site Hillman Husky The Tardis Commonly known as the Imp Estate, this little vehicle has been much maligned by many. The loading space in the rear is a very sensible shape due to the 'square' design, and much can be carried along with a full compliment of passengers. Production began in April 1967 and continued until July 1970, the final production year for many models after Chrysler's takeover. (The Van was discontinued then, too). 4777 Huskies were made until October 1968. Then they got a 'face lift' together with the rest of the Imp range. Afterwards around 6000 were built. The raised roofline (4" / 10cm higher than saloons) gave it lots of space above the engine compartment: 50cu.ft / 17.5 dm3 (which is a better loading potential than most estate cars and any hatchback). The roofline had to be raised because the engine caused a high load level. An early attempt to produce an Imp Estate with a conventional roofline was dropped in favour of the Van bodyshell because the load capacity would have been reduced and the cost of tooling to the factory prohibitive. Unlike the Van (which made do with the low compression version of the 875cc), it was equiped with the 42bhp engine found in most Imps and Chamois'. The only alterations being made to the oil filter, the radiator and the dipstick to allow routine maintenance without lifting the engine hatch (retained by two 'Zeus' fittings). The Husky has sliding side windows, which allow free passage of fresh air on hot days without draughts. Unfortunately these are also the source of leaks in many cars. In its standard form it has the spartan interior of the Imp de Luxe. No glove compartment, no temperature gauge and usually only shaped rubber mats for the floor. Of course many owners have added Super Imp or Chamois trim to their cars by now to improve the creature comforts. Huskies (mainly older models) enjoyed an assortment of colours for interior trim, including blue, red and green. Because of its load carrying potential the Husky was always fitted with radial ply tyres on standard Imp wheel rims (12" x 4½"). This was to offset any handling problems encountered with a 'tail heavy' car. Uprated rear shock absorbers and rear springs were fitted, together with the Sport's strenghtened wishbones and trailing arms. This gives the car the handling characteristics rather alike a rally car (which will raise eyebrows, when the unsuspecting see you take a corner). The handling is superior to that of a standard Imp. You might try to run Husky rear suspension on your Imp and enjoy it. Huskies are a very viable everyday classic with outstanding qualities in respect of road-holding and load-carrying. Although it is 46lb heavier than the saloon, and the aerodynamics are worse due to the higher roofline, Autocar got 79mph out of it ! (It's supposed to have a topspeed of 72). They found it accelerated better than the saloon. (Rootes did not tune the cars that were meant for the press any differently.) Some standard cars have been known to do over 90mph without damage. Now that the Imp is looked at as a collectors item, the Husky is still overlooked. The same happened to the Austin A35 pickup, until there were only a handful left and those are now worth a fortune. So next time you make fun at a 'high top' Imp, you had better find out if it's for sale. They are getting to be quite rare. Based on: "It's not a hearse, it's a Husky" by Derek Couldry. Impressions Logo of the annual Van & Husky Get-together; Husky on the right Hillman Husky & Imp Van Model Registrar (The Imp Club): Derek Couldry The Van & Husky Get-Together is held at Penhurst Place near Tonbridge in Kent on Sunday and Nay Bank Holiday Monday. The objective of the event is to bring together as many owners of the marque as possible. There is free camping and barbecues and catering over the whole weekend. Details are published in The Imp Club magazine Impressions. Van & Husky Get Together       Not many members can boast of still having a Husky. There are about 35 Huskies in the Club. Oldest registered Hu


Which port in Brittany is the base of the French Naval Atlantic fleet?

Brest, Brittany - France 4K Travel Channel - YouTube Brest, Brittany - France 4K Travel Channel Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Apr 8, 2015 Brest lies in the outermost west of Brittany. It has been an important naval base,the base of the French Atlantic fleet and also an important trading port for centuries. Besides a number of industry companies there are also important trading companies, universities and research institutes. After the Romans, many Brits who gave the country its name, immigrated to Brittany. The first small fort was built for the protection against the Normans. In 1683, Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban extended the fort into a fortress. Brest was an important supply port for the U.S. troops in the 1st World War. In the 2nd World War, the city was one of the most important bases in the Atlantic Wall. The city was heavily damaged by bombings and had to be rebuilt according to plans of Jean-Baptiste Mathon. Oceanography makes an important contribution to the economic recovery. Unfortunately, we had permanent rain during our stay. At our departure the sky shows its rays of sunshine again. However, it suffice for a stroll through the town to see the most important points. Our starting point is the military harbor, which is spanned by the Pont de la Recouvrance. It is the second largest vertical lift bridge in Europe, after the Pont Gustave Flaubert in Rouen. Two pontoon bridges next to it alleviate traffic. Right next we find the Chateau, the old fort, which now houses the Musée national de la Marine. ....... please read more: https://blog.myvideomedia.com Brest, im äußersten Westen der Bretagne, ist seit Jahrhunderten ein bedeutender Marinehafen und Stützpunkt der französischen Atlantikflotte, aber auch ein wichtiger Handelshafen. Neben einer Reihe von Industriefirmen gibt es hier auch wichtige Handelsfirmen eine Universität, Hochschulen und Forschungsinstitute. Nach den Römern wanderten in der Bretagne viele Briten ein, die dem Land ihren Namen gaben. Das erste Kastell wurde zum Schutz gegen die Normannen errichtet. 1683 wurde die Anlage von Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban zur Festung ausgebaut. Im 1. Weltkrieg war Brest ein wichtiger Nachschubhafen für die US-Truppen, im 2. Weltkrieg war die Stadt einer der wichtigsten Stützpunkte im Atlantikwall. Die Stadt wurde durch Bombardierungen stark zerstört und musste nach Plänen von Jean-Baptiste Mathon neu aufgebaut werden. Einen wichtigen Beitrag zur wirtschaftlichen Erholung leistet die Meeresforschung. Bei unserem Aufenthalt regnete es leider ständig, erst bei der Abreise zeigten sich wieder Sonnenstrahlen. Es reichte aber zu einem Bummel durch die Stadt um die wichtigsten Punkte kennen zu lernen. Unser Ausgangspunkt ist der Militärhafen, der von der Pont de la Recouvrance überspannt wird. Es ist die zweitgrößte Hubbrücke in Europa, nach der Pont Gustave-Flaubert in Rouen. Offensichtlich hat man zu ihrer Entlastung auch noch zwei Ponton-Brücken daneben gebaut. Gleich daneben findet man das Chateau, die alte Festung, heute beherbergt sie das Musée national de la Marine. ....


What office did Stephen Langton hold at the time of the Magna Carta?

Magna Carta: People and society - The British Library Search Magna Carta: people and society Who were the key personalities in the history of Magna Carta? Find out more about King John, the barons, Pope Innocent III, Archbishop Stephen Langton and the other individuals and groups who played important roles. The names of King John (r.1199-1216) and the barons are entwined with the story of Magna Carta , but many people were involved in the events leading up to it. Others had roles to play in its legacy, or were directly affected by it. The key personalities are King John, the barons,  Pope Innocent III (1161-1216) and Archbishop Stephen Langton (1150-1228). This article also explores the other individuals and groups who played a part in the story of Magna Carta. King John John is best remembered for granting Magna Carta in June 1215, although he sought its annulment almost immediately. The youngest son of Henry II (r.1154-89), John succeeded his brother, Richard I (r.1189-99), as King of England in 1199. His reign was marked by a string of unsuccessful military campaigns, a prolonged struggle with the Church and the baronial rebellion which led to Magna Carta. John exploited his feudal rights to extort money from the barons: he set taxes at very high levels, he enforced arbitrary fines and he seized the barons’ estates. John used this income to fund his expensive wars in France, but still he failed to hold together the empire created by his father. John was an efficient and able administrator, but he was also unpredictable and aggressive. He disregarded justice when dealing with opponents, regularly taking hostages and imposing ruthless punishments. His conflict with the Church led to his excommunication. The annulment of Magna Carta by Pope Innocent III in August 1215, at John’s request, led to a renewal of the baronial revolt which was still raging when John died in October 1216. The ancestry of King John A genealogical roll of the English kings depicting the family history of the Angevin dynasty, including King John and Henry III (c. 1300 - 07). Free from known copyright restrictions Archbishop Stephen Langton Following the death of Archbishop Hubert Walter in 1205, there was a prolonged dispute between King John, the monks of Christ Church, Canterbury, and Pope Innocent III over who should succeed him. Stephen Langton was eventually elected Archbishop of Canterbury by the monks of Christ Church in December 1206, and he was consecrated by the Pope in 1207. However, John continued to refuse to accept him, and Langton was not installed at Canterbury until 1213 when the king finally made peace with the Pope. Archbishop Langton became one of the leading mediators in the barons’ dispute with King John and in the negotiations at Runnymede. The first clause in Magna Carta confirmed ‘that the English Church shall be free and shall have its rights undiminished and its liberties unimpaired’, doubtless reflecting Langton’s influence. It may also be thanks to him that the Articles of the Barons has survived, since Langton apparently took this document away for safe-keeping after the meeting at Runnymede. The free men Free men formed a small proportion of the population of 13th-century England, but the most famous clause of Magna Carta, stating ‘No free man shall be seized or imprisoned …’ directly applied to them. Although Magna Carta focused on the interests of the barons, a significant proportion of its clauses dealt with all free men, which included the barons, knights and the free peasantry. The distinction between the free and the unfree peasantry (‘the villeins’) varied across the country. Generally, in contrast to an unfree villein, a free man could leave his manor, could buy or sell land, and owned his goods and possessions. He was not required to make customary payments to his lord, nor help to cultivate his lord’s land. Free men still had to attend their lord’s court, but they also had access to the royal courts, which offered greater protection for their rights and property. The villeins Very few clauses in Magna Carta


In which country is the Qattara Depression?

Where Is The Qattara Depression? - WorldAtlas.com Where Is The Qattara Depression? One of the lowest areas on earth covers almost 20,000 square miles in northwestern Egypt. Vast expamses of the Qattara Depression near the site of the World War 2 battles of El-Alamein in Egypt. 5. Description One of the lowest areas on earth covers almost 20,000 square miles in northwestern Egypt. The Qattara Depression is the biggest of its kind in the world and has the second lowest point in Africa at 436 feet. Its teardrop-shaped depression has 919 feet of steep walls. This sinkhole depression has its origin during the Neogene Period due to fluvial and wind erosion. Only a small population of 300 people inhabit its western area, the Qara oasis, due to the quicksand-like terrain of the other areas. About 12.5 miles from the depression are two other smaller similar sinkholes where the Jaghbub and Siwa oasis are located. The nomadic Bedouins herd their livestock as they pass the Moghra Oasis, utilizing it for their water and grazing needs. 4. Historical Role In 1917, a British army officer was requested by Dr. Ball to take measurements of the steep escarpments of the Qattara Depression. The figures seemed amazing that in 1924 and 1925 Dr. Ball had British surveyor G.F. Walpole take another measurement. Walpole returned with the same earlier measurements in 1917. Then, in the mid-1920s and 1930s, a British military commander, Ralph Alger Bagnold, made crossings of the east to west sides of the Qattara in Ford Model-T vehicles. These forays added to the geological knowledge of the depression sinkholes. The Qattara was also the site of the El-Alamein Battles during World War II. The German and British military also patrolled the area. Later, the Axis and Allied forces each delineated their respective defenses in the area, stretching from the Mediterranean Sea to the Qattara. 3. Modern Significance In 1912, a German geographer named Professor Penck suggested that the Qattara Depression could be used for hydro electric power generation. Then in 1927, Dr. Ball expounded more on the same theme. Even the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency broached the subject to then President Eisenhower as a way of solving the Middle East peace dilemma. One of the benefits would be to establish a Palestinian settlement in the area during the development phase of the project. This would also serve as a solution to Egypt's energy problems. However, the project did not take off at all. Today, there are several foreign companies with oil drilling fields in the area. 2. Habitat and Biodiversity Habitat and biodiversity in the Qattara Depression is linked to its origin during the Neogene Period. Its salt marshes, salt pans, and sand dunes are uninhabited. The flora consists of Acacia groves scattered in sandy areas and reed swamps. The oases areas have wild palm groves and scrub lands. Wetlands are spread across it, with Dorcas Gazelles populating them, which in turn serve as food for the limited numbers of the endangered cheetahs found only in these areas, and nowhere else in Egypt. Additional animals in the area are sheep, foxes, jackals, and hares. The hartebeests, addaxes, and oryxes, which used to roam the area, are now extinct. 1. Environmental Threats and Territorial Disputes The Qattara Depression is located inside Egypt, and remains as part of that country. However, during World War II the Germans had set up defenses in the area to try to defeat the British Army and push it out of Egypt. Then, later on the Allied and Axis forces also set up their respective militaries from the Mediterranean Sea into the Qattara area. This included an extensive mine field that exists to the present that has hurt many local people who travel through the area. After World War II, there were some continued support for the hydroelectric power project proposed before the war, but nothing came out of it. This page was last modified on June 6, 2016. On WorldAtlas.com


Which TV soap centres around the residents of Ramsay Street?

Neighbours - YIFY TV Series Torrent Download - YIFY Movies Soap Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera. It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985. It was created by TV executive Reg Watson, who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together. Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson's Sons and Daughters, which aired on the network. Although successful in Melbourne, Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it. The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten. After taking over production of the show, the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them. Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986, taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171. Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005, it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame. On 11 January 2011, Neighbours moved to Ten's new digital channel, Eleven. The show's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough, a fictional suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. The series primarily centres around the residents of Ramsay Street, a short cul-de-sac, and its neighbouring areas, the Lassiters complex, which includes a bar, hotel, cafe, news office and park. Neighbours began with three families created by Watson – the Ramsays, the Robinsons and the Clarkes. Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street. The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry. Pin Oak Court, in Vermont South, is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985. All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow Neighbours to shoot external scenes in their gardens. The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill. Score: 4.5/10 from 4 votes First Air Date: 1985-03-18