What is either a type of fragrance or a city in Germany?

Brand name colognes – Learn all about colognes and choose accordingly Brand Name Colognes – Learn And Choose Wisely What is Cologne? Cologne is a German city where the very first modern perfume was created under the name eau de cologne. Today, cologne is a word usually used to describe men’s fragrances. Eau de cologne, or just cologne, has now become a generic term. Cologne’s base notes could last up to 12 hours on you, depending on the brand. Eau De Cologne Eau de cologne, French for "water from Cologne", is a spirit-citrus perfume, originally invented by Johann Maria Farina of Cologne, Germany. However in recent decades the term has become generic for a weakly concentrated perfume of any kind. Eau De Toilette Eau de Toilette is a perfumed liquid lighter than cologne and used as a skin freshener. This is a more subtle fragrance scent and is perfect for everyday use. Normally eau de toilette lasts for 2 to 4 hours. Looking to enhance your fragrance lasting power? Or, maybe you want an economical way to wear a fragrance when on a limited budget? Type the words after shave and aftershave in the keyword search box and find the answer to your dilemma! After-Shave - Or Is It Aftershave? After-shave is actually a two-word term… however, you’ll find 3 versions of this term: after-shave, after shave and aftershave - a scented toiletry product used on the skin after shaving. After shave comes in gel, lotion or balm. Men apply aftershave to close pores, sooth irritated skin and to get a fresh feel after shaving. Learn more about after-shave… A men’s after shave is usually a part of a fragrance product line and for a scented effect can be used in two ways: As a base fragrance layer, applied before cologne or any other cologne products. As the fragrance product of preference for a subtle hint of your favorite fragrance. Scentiments.com recommends applying an after-shave with the same fragrance as the cologne you're wearing to layer up your favorite scent and prevent a "scent crash". Cologne Strength The strength of men's products differs from that of women's fragrances. Here is a quick reference – in order from strongest to weakest: Eau de Toilette - a perfume solution with a 3-8% aromatic compound in an oil and water base. Cologne/Eau de Cologne has a typical concentration of about 2-5% aromatic compounds. After Shave - the weakest with a 1-5% percent fragrance. So, What Now? So now that you know all about the terminology and strengths of men’s fragrances, what next? Well, you can read more about these terms in the perfume glossary terms page – find the link on the right panel. Did we leave something out, please contact us and let us know. We’d love to hear from you! You can also take a walk down cologne lane by browsing through the brand name colognes collection and shop away! Then, all you have to do is order online through our secure system. Need a friendly voice? No problem, call us toll free at 1-800-685-7321. We’re happy to assist you.


What is made from sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter?

How to Make Black Powder: 14 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow Community Q&A Black powder is a simple mixture of powdered potassium nitrate or saltpeter, charcoal and sulfur. But simply mixing the ingredients together is not going to give you the results you are looking for. Follow these instructions on making black powder--just be careful as you are working with explosives. Whether your motivation is to save a little bit of money or the satisfaction of being able to make your own, you can certainly make your own black powder at home. Steps 1 Purchase the items you can. This is one of those instances where the better quality the ingredients you have, the better quality product you will produce. The saltpeter and the sulfur can be found in most drug stores. 2 Make your charcoal. Willow, birch, fir, oak, beech and ash, when charred properly, are good woods to choose when selecting wood for your charcoal. Place the wood chips in a large pot with a lid or a 55 gallon (208 liter)barrel with a lid, just make sure there is a little open area (a crack where the lid meets the container or a small hole) so some steam can escape. Build a fire under your container. When steam begins to exit the container, light the wood inside and reclose the lid. Let the fires burn out and wait for everything to cool. What is left inside your container is your charcoal. 3 Grind your ingredients separately. Use a mortar and pestle or hand mill to grind the potassium nitrate. Set it aside. Grind the charcoal. Set it aside. Grind the sulfur into a powder as well, and then set it aside. It is very important to grind everything individually. You may also choose to use a ball mill. If this is the case, place your crushed charcoal and your sulfur in the mill, and run the mill for several hours. Once ground to a fine powder, remove from the mill. 4 Chill 2 1/2 cups (or 600 ml) of isopropyl alcohol for every 100 grams of charcoal/sulfur mix you have. Once cold, mix with the charcoal/sulfur mixture. 5 Measure your ingredients. The components of black powder used to be measured by weight. This has been calculated out, nowadays, as 75 parts potassium nitrate, 15 parts charcoal and 10 parts sulfur (or 25% charcoal/sulfur mix). 6 Prepare your nitrate. Measure 1/4 cup (or 40 ml) of water for every 100 grams (about a 1/2 cup) of potassium nitrate in an old pan. Add your potassium nitrate. Bring to a boil. Stir continuously. Add little bits of water at intervals until the potassium nitrate is completely dissolved. 7 Add the charcoal/sulfur mix to your pot of boiling potassium nitrate. Stir until all ingredients are completely combined. 8 Take your chilled alcohol and your hot mixture outside. Add the hot mixture to your isopropyl alcohol. Stir together. 9 Chill this new mixture. The more quickly you can chill this to 0 °C (32 °F), the better. 10 Filter the mixture through cheesecloth or an old cloth. This will remove all the liquid from the solution. Throw out the liquid that got filtered out. 11 Lay the mix out on a piece of paper to dry in the sun. 12 Press the mixture through a sieve while it is still slightly damp. Spread it out on your paper again and allow it to dry some more. 13 Run the powder through the sieve or a series of mesh screens a few more times to get it completely broken up. 14 Store your black powder in a cool, dry place in plastic containers. Make sure to choose a place that is out of the reach of children. Community Q&A What are the safety precautions concerning black powder? wikiHow Contributor Glasses wouldn't hurt, but definitely wear gloves. Make it in a room with low wind flow and NO candles or propane heaters. Is black powder made this way good for black powder guns? wikiHow Contributor It will work, but the powder you make will be less dense than manufactured powders. You will need to use almost double what you usually load. The reason for the heavy density of manufactured powder is they are capable of a much higher milling pressure as companies use granite stones weighing tons, and they provide longer milling times for the ingredients.


Which country's royal family includes Prince Rainier and Grace Kelly?

Prince Albert of Monaco talks about what it was like having Grace Kelly as a mother | Daily Mail Online comments Thirty-two years after the tragic death of Grace Kelly, Prince Albert of Monaco has lifted the lid on what it was like to be raised by the iconic actress. In the latest issue of People , the 56-year-old royal reveals that his mother was a 'loving and caring hands-on mom' who only ever sought the best for her three children. And while most of the world only ever witnessed the glamour and poise she projected in the public eye, he insists she 'was even more beautiful on the inside.' Growing up royal: Prince Albert of Monaco (pictured, bottom left, with his mother Grace Kelly and sister Caroline) has lifted the lid on what it was like to be raised by the iconic actress Happy childhood: The royal, now 56, reveals that his mother was a 'loving and caring hands-on mom' who only ever sought the best for her three children. (Pictured: Kelly with a baby Albert) Kelly married Monaco's Prince Rainier III in 1956 and became Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share But even with the fame and responsibility that came with joining the royal family, she never let it compromise her desire to be a good mother. It all must have been hard for her at first, but I never heard her complain 'Coming to live here and having to behave in a certain way must have been hard for her at first,' said Albert. 'But I never heard her complain.' Instead, she made sure her children - Albert, his older sister Caroline and his younger sister Stephanie - were raised with love and care, as well as a certain air of decorum. 'She taught us to be polite and respectful,' he said, adding: '[She] made sure we had private moments. Any free time she had she spent with us.'  Engaged: Kelly married Monaco's Prince Rainier III in 1956 and became Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco. (Pictured: The actress showing her engagement ring to her mother while the Prince looks on) Tribute: While most of the world only ever witnessed the glamour and poise she projected in the public eye, Albert insists she 'was even more beautiful on the inside.' (Pictured: Kelly and Prince Rainier at their wedding) Adapting to a new life: 'Coming to live here and having to behave in a certain way must have been hard for her at first,' Albert said. 'But I never heard her complain.' (Pictured: Kelly and the Prince at their civil ceremony) And while their father was the strict one, Kelly could be persuaded to cave in. 'If we needed to ask for something, we'd go to Mom,' he revealed.  Well before she became a Princess, Grace Kelly was famous for her inimitable style, but even she wasn't immune to the occasional off-day. According to Albert, 'some days if she was having a bad hair day, she would put on a turban or a scarf.' Picking sides: Prince Albert was the strict parent, according to Albert, but Kelly (pictured with a young Albert) could be persuaded to cave in. 'If we needed to ask for something, we'd go to Mom,' he revealed Fashion tricks: 'Some days if she was having a bad hair day, she would put on a turban or a scarf,' the Prince said of his glamorous mother (pictured with Stephanie and Albert in 1966) Kids come first: 'She taught us to be polite and respectful,' Albert said of his upbringing, adding: '[She] made sure we had private moments. Any free time she had she spent with us.' (Pictured: Kelly with Caroline in 1960) And the famous friends she associated merely added to Albert's fond memories of childhood.  Dad was stricter. If we needed to ask for something, we'd go to Mom Cary Grant, for example - who starred with Kelly in 1955's To Catch a Thief - would visit with them and tell dirty jokes. 'Dirtier ones with Dad,' explains Albert. 'But he was always a gentleman.' Throughout their marriage, rumors abounded that Prince Rainier only wed Grace Kelly in order to ensure that he would have an heir. Otherwise, according to a treaty at the time, Monaco would revert to France and the royal family would become citizens and taxpayers of


Which U.S. President had the longest term?

Which president had the longest term in office? | Reference.com Which president had the longest term in office? A: Quick Answer Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States, served the longest term in office with a record 4,422 days. He is the only president to be elected to four terms, though he died less than three months into his last term. Full Answer Franklin Roosevelt was first elected to the presidency in 1932 in the midst of the Depression. He was re-elected in 1936 and, in 1940, became the first U.S. president to be elected to a third term. The United States entered World War II the next year, and President Roosevelt went on to win an unprecedented fourth term in 1944. He died on April 12, 1945, and Harry Truman assumed the office of president.


What is the most valuable publicly-traded company in the world?

Alphabet Becomes The Most Valuable Public Company In The World | TechCrunch Alphabet Becomes The Most Valuable Public Company In The World Posted Post-Morin, Path Gets Chatty Today was a huge day for Alphabet — the first day it finally broke out its “other bets” in its earnings report — and boy did the company not disappoint. The company smashed expectations on both ends, bringing in $21.3 billion in revenue and earnings of $8.67 per share. Analysts were expecting earnings of $8.09 on $20.8 billion in revenue. And with that, Alphabet became the most valuable publicly-traded company in the world — coming in at a market cap $558 billion after jumping about 8% after the company reported its fourth-quarter earnings, and passing Apple, which sits at a market cap of $535 billion. There weren’t any huge surprises on the earnings call that caused the stock to dip, but its ranking still depends on whether or not the company gives up those gains in extended trading. Either way this is a significant moment for the company and the technology market in general. Alphabet had a huge opportunity to finally pass Apple as the most valuable company in the world. There’s a clear narrative here. Alphabet, a software company with a few extra hardware bets, shares have dramatically outperformed those of Apple, a hardware company with a few extra software bets. “Our very strong revenue growth in Q4 reflects the vibrancy of our business, driven by mobile search as well as YouTube and programmatic advertising, all areas in which we’ve been investing for many years,” CFO Ruth Porat said in a statement with the earnings report. In the past year, Apple’s stock has not performed well. Apple vs. Alphabet Market Capitalization Over Time | FindTheCompany Google’s core businesses continue to grow as well — today the company said that Gmail grew to 1 billion active users . That means it has about half a dozen services that have around 1 billion active users, a number most companies (other than perhaps Facebook, which said today that WhatsApp had passed the 1 billion user mark ) will envy. (CEO Sundar Pichai didn’t specify if that was daily actives or monthly actives, so we’ll probably assume the latter.) In terms of Google’s core advertising business, cost-per-click fell 13% year-over-year, while paid clicks increased 31% year-over-year. This has been a trend for Google — as more activity shifts to mobile devices, the value of each advertisement click tends to go down. Google’s core business is still printing money, to be sure. Related Articles Google Search Will Highlight Info About Primary Election Results And Candidates Google Open Sources Its Seesaw Load Balancer Inside Parlio: Egyptian Activist Wael Ghonim’s New Platform For Social Change Following Artificial Intelligence Breakthrough, European Go Champion Loses Against Computer Google’s extraneous operations, like Nest, have never been separate from its core business. So investors have had basically no idea how its other projects are going — and how much they may contribute to the company — other than estimates. Google has gotten into all sorts of other areas, but now we have a rough idea of how those other areas are performing. So far, that bet is growing in revenue at least: other bets accounted for $448 million in revenue in 2015, up from $327 million in revenue in 2014. That being said, it showed huge widening losses — going to a loss of $3.6 billion from $1.9 billion in 2014. Google, too, is still not immune to what’s happening with foreign exchange rates and the general global economy. Revenue was up 18% year-over year, though in constant currency it would have risen $24%. Apple, for example, said there was a difference in $5 billion in revenue if not for foreign exchange rates, and for Google that represents about $1 billion in revenue. Perhaps this is a signal of the challenges hardware businesses are going to face. Apple’s growth engine — one of the strongest in the world for the longest time — has started to stall as it faces economic headwinds globally. There’s also the question of satu


What is the common description of the term rhinoplasty?

Rhinoplasty | definition of rhinoplasty by Medical dictionary Rhinoplasty | definition of rhinoplasty by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rhinoplasty   Definition The term rhinoplasty means "nose molding" or "nose forming." It refers to a procedure in plastic surgery in which the structure of the nose is changed. The change can be made by adding or removing bone or cartilage, grafting tissue from another part of the body, or implanting synthetic material to alter the shape of the nose. Rhinoplasty is the most frequently performed cosmetic surgical procedure in the United States as of the early 2000s. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), 356,554 rhinoplasties were performed in the United States in 2003, compared to 254,140 breast augmentations and 128,667 facelifts. Purpose Rhinoplasty is most often performed for cosmetic reasons. A nose that is too large, crooked, misshapen, malformed at birth, or deformed by an injury or cancer surgery can be given a more pleasing appearance. If breathing is impaired due to the form of the nose or to an injury, it can often be improved with rhinoplasty. Precautions The best candidates for rhinoplasty are those with relatively minor deformities. Nasal anatomy and proportions are quite varied and the final look of any rhinoplasty operation is the result of the patient's anatomy, as well as of the surgeon's skill. The quality of the skin plays a major role in the outcome of rhinoplasty. Patients with extremely thick skin may not see a definite change in the underlying bone structure after surgery. On the other hand, thin skin provides almost no cushion to hide the most minor of bone irregularities or imperfections. A cosmetic change in the shape of the nose will change a person's appearance, but it will not change self-image. A person who expects a different lifestyle after rhinoplasty is likely to be disappointed. Rhinoplasty should not be performed until the pubertal growth spurt is complete, between ages 14-15 for girls and older for boys. The cost of rhinoplasty depends on the difficulty of the work required and on the specialist chosen. Prices run from about $3,000 to over $6,000. If the problem was caused by an injury, insurance will usually cover the cost. A rhinoplasty done only to change a person's appearance is not usually covered by insurance. Description The external nose is composed of a series of interrelated parts which include the skin, the bony pyramid, cartilage, and the tip of the nose, which is both cartilage and skin. The strip of skin separating the nostrils is called the columella. Surgical approaches to nasal reconstruction are varied. Internal rhinoplasty involves making all incisions inside the nasal cavity. The external or "open" technique involves a skin incision across the base of the nasal columella. An external incision allows the surgeon to expose the bone and cartilage more fully and is most often used for complicated procedures. During surgery, the surgeon will separate the skin from the bone and cartilage support. The framework of the nose is then reshaped in the desired form. Shape can be altered by removing bone, cartilage, or skin. The remaining skin is then replaced over the new framework. If the procedure requires adding to the structure of the nose, the donated bone, cartilage, or skin can come from the patient or from a synthetic source. When the operation is over, the surgeon will apply a splint to help the bones maintain their new shape. The nose may also be packed, or stuffed with a dressing, to help stabilize the septum. When a local anesthetic is used, light sedation is usually given first, after which the operative area is numbed. It will remain insensitive to pain for the length of the surgery. A general anesthetic is used for lengthy or complex procedures or if the doctor and patient agree that it is the best option. Simple rhinoplasty is usually performed in an outpatient surgery center or in the surgeon's office. Most procedures take only an hour or two, and patients may return ho


Count Dracula (Van Helsing) | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Count Dracula (Van Helsing) Dragula, Vladius Dragula, Vlad the Impaler, Vladislaus Dragulia, Count Dracula Origin Lord of the Vampires, ruler of Transylvania, master of Castle Dracula Powers/Skills Flying (when in monster bat form), Vampire speed, endurance , healing factors, immortal, wall climbing, jaw strength, roar, strength, shapeshifting, intelligent, senses, fangs, claws Hobby Bringing life To his Vampire Children, feeding on the blood of the living. Goals Bring life to his Vampire Children by using the Frankenstein Monster's life energy, feed on his victims blood so that his life shall continue and to kill Van Helsing (all failed) Type of Villain Vampire, Dark Lord, Evil from the Past “ Allow me to reintroduce myself. I am Count Vladislaus Dragulia. Born: 1422. Murdered: 1462. „ ~ Count Dracula introducing himself. “ (Frankenstein: Get off me, you vermin from hell!) What are you complaining about? This is why you were made! To prove that God is not the only one who can create life! And now you must give that life to my children. „ ~ Count Dracula to the Frankenstein Monster Count Vladislaus Dracula was another version of the Dracula character and the main antagonist in the 2004 film dark fantasy action Van Helsing. He was portrayed by Richard Roxburgh. Dracula was the arch enemy of Gabriel Van Helsing in the film and his main goal throughout it was to bring life to his vampire children, and thus allow his vampire people to reign forever. History In the film, Dracula was seen with Anna Valerious' werewolf brother, Velkan Valerious, to power a machine at Frankenstein's Castle to bring to life his Vampire Children. His plan failed when Van Helsing began to shoot and destroy the Vampire Children that came to life while the machine was powered, and later spoke to Van Helsing about that he had been alive for hundreds of years, along with the fact that he had supposedly known Van Helsing many years ago, before Van Helsing and Anna escaped. Dracula was then seen with a captured Anna Valerious at a ball, dancing with her and telling her that he needed a new bride, and he nearly bit her to turn her into a vampire, when Van Helsing came and saved her life, before being chased by Dracula's Vampires in their masquerade costumes during their escape. In the final confrontation in the film, Dracula transformed into a fearsome bat creature when Van Helsing transformed into a werewolf after being bitten by Anna's Brother, Velkan. They battled at Dracula's Castle and Dracula told Van Helsing that he was the one who killed him years ago and that Van Helsing was the Left Hand of God, the Angel, Gabriel. Eventually, after this information was told, Dracula tried to persuade Van Helsing to join him and give back his ring and, in exchange, give Van Helsing back his lost memories. But Van Helsing refused, and remarked that "some things are better left forgotten". After changing into a werewolf again, Van Helsing ultimately killed Dracula (by biting him in the throat) as he slowly turns into a skeleton once and for all and lifted the Valerious's curse. Videogame appearance Dracula also appeared in the videogame adaption of Van Helsing as the game's main antagonist and final boss.


What Is 'The Emerald Isle?' | USA Today What Is 'The Emerald Isle?' The rolling hillsides of Ireland have earned it the nickname, "The Emerald Isle." (Photo: Irish Countryside image by Rebs O from Fotolia.com ) Related Articles United States Vacations for Seniors Much like the United States is known as the land of “the free and the home of the brave,” Ireland is often referred to as "The Emerald Isle." This nickname stems from the countries rolling, green hills and lush landscapes. The island of Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland and British-ruled Northern Ireland. The country’s rich history and beautiful geography make it a popular vacation destination. Ireland at a Glance Ireland is a relatively small country, like many found throughout Europe, with an area measuring only 70,280 kilometers, including land and sea, according to the Greenwich Mean Time website. Today, Ireland is ruled by a republican government and uses the Euro as its form of currency. The country’s official languages include English and Irish, though English is the most commonly spoken language throughout the country. According to the Greenwich Mean Time website, Irish (or Gaelic) is mostly spoken along the western seaboard. Irish Geography Ireland’s beautiful, lush countryside is what earned the country the nickname, “The Emerald Isle.” The island is located in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, just west of Great Britain. Ireland’s only bordering country is Northern Ireland. Ireland’s distinctive geographical features include rolling hills surrounded by low mountains with rugged sea cliffs dotting the shoreline, according to the Ireland Fun Facts website. Irish Climate Ireland is home to a temperate maritime climate marked by cool summers and mild winters. The weather is consistently humid and overcast nearly 50 percent of the time. Rain is most frequent in the western half of the city, especially along the coast, while southeast Ireland sees the most sunshine. Popular Destinations When visiting Ireland, the Ireland Fun Facts website recommends several popular destinations as must-see places for any tourist. Kilmore Quay, located in County Wexford, offers visitors to Eastern Ireland the opportunity to glimpse Old World Ireland. Dublin, the country’s capital, is a must-see for those wishing to experience modern Irish life. In County Wexford, tourists should explore New Ross for its links to the American political Kennedy family. Must-see places in Southwest Ireland include Cape Clear Island, a serene island escape off the coast of West Cork and the many farms dotting the countryside of West Cork. Here, guests will glimpse a view of Irish agriculture at its finest, according to the Ireland Fun Facts website. Guests will also find historic castles, quaint bed and breakfasts and cultural attractions throughout the island nation. References


What is at the bottom of the ocean's food chain?

The Bottom of the Food Chain: Plankton, Shrimp and Krill Home > Research > The Bottom of the Food Chain: Plankton, Shrimp and Krill The Bottom of the Food Chain: Plankton, Shrimp and Krill The Bottom of the Food Chain: Plankton, Shrimp and Krill The ocean is such a massive expanse that it might seem that there is not much order or system underwater. Surprisingly though, it’s completely the opposite! Even though there are so many different types of fish, mammals, plants and smaller creatures that make their home within the ocean, they all depend on each other very heavily. There are several levels of the oceanic food chain. At the very bottom are many tiny creatures known as phytoplankton and zooplankton; some of them are small enough to be made up of only one cell! However, these tiny organisms are not to be taken lightly. They serve an extremely important role in the food chain since they make up the bottom level, which is also the largest amount of biomass. In this way, these tiny creatures essentially support all of the life forms that are above them on the food chain. If they were to be killed, diseased or endangered, it would mean that the fish that normally feed on them would have less food and die off. Think of it as a domino effect. Each level would be affected in turn and eventually it would even reach humans and land animals that depend on the ocean for food. Without a healthy ecosystem in the ocean, we would not have fish, crabs, squid, lobster or other such foods that make up a very healthy part of our diet. Phytoplankton Phytoplankton are so small that we need a microscope to properly see them. Many phytoplankton are actually types of bacteria, while others are plants that are made up of single cells. The main way that phytoplankton move is by drifting along with the water. They can also move by themselves, although their own movements do not allow them to go very far. Some of the ways that phytoplankton can move is by modifying the quantity of gas in their bodies, moving the tiny hairs (cilia) or a type of tail (flagella) that are attached to their bodies. Phytoplankton are too small to eat other animals but they do love sunlight! Instead of using food for energy, they use chlorophyll to convert light into energy. If this process sounds familiar, you’re absolutely correct. Plants on land function in the same way. Another function that phytoplankton performs as part of this process is that they constantly convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, which is very important since fish need oxygen to stay alive. The temperature of the water, the amount of light entering the water and minerals are some of the factors that affect how well phytoplankton can grow and thrive. If there is an extremely large amount of phytoplankton in the water, we still won’t be able to see individual organisms, but observers will notice a slight color (usually greenish) in the water. Zooplankton Zooplankton are tiny creatures that range from microscopic to tiny but visible to the naked eye. They are slightly more advanced than phytoplankton. There are many different types of creatures that make up the zooplankton category. Some of these are babies (larvae) of fish, snails and other underwater species. However, over half of zooplankton is actually very small crustaceans and invertebrates, such as krill . Crustaceans are creatures that have their skeletal systems on the outside of their bodies rather than the inside and invertebrates are creatures that do not have a backbone. Since there are so many incredibly different types of zooplankton, they all have very different ways of moving. For example, krill move by pushing with their tiny legs, while other zooplankton gather together in a group and drift with the water. Zooplankton eat phytoplankton, bacteria and dead matter that is found in the water or on the ocean floor. In this way, zooplankton help to clean the water and in turn they end up as food for larger creatures. If there is too much bacteria or phytoplankton in the water, the zooplankton can help to control the overgrowth and mainta


"Whose ""family"" was Squeaky Fromme a part of?"

Squeaky Fromme - Criminal - Biography.com Squeaky Fromme Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme was a member of Charles Manson's "Family," who was sentenced to life in prison for attempting to assassinate President Gerald Ford. IN THESE GROUPS The Infamous Manson Family Synopsis Although she was one of Charles Manson's most trusted associates, Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme had no hand in the infamous 1969 Tate-LaBianca murders orchestrated by Manson. She was a fixture in front of the Los Angeles courthouse during Manson's trial, however, remaining loyal to him throughout. In September 1975, she pulled a gun on President Ford; she was grabbed by the Secret Service and later sentenced to life in prison. Fromme escaped from prison in 1987, but was captured and jailed until her 2009 release. Early Life Squeaky Fromme was born as Lynette Alice Fromme in Santa Monica, California on October 22, 1948. Fromme was a child performer, touring with a dance troupe around the age of 10. After high school, Fromme moved to Venice Beach, where she met Charles Manson. She was instantly captivated by Manson, as were all members of his "Family," and before long Manson invited her to join him in traveling the country, which she did. The Manson 'Family' When they returned, Fromme moved into the Spahn Ranch with Manson and his followers, taking care of 80-year-old George Spahn, who nicknamed her Squeaky because of the sound she made when he would touch her. When Manson and his followers were arrested for the multiple murders they committed in August 1969, Fromme avoided police scrutiny because she was not present at either murder scene. Instead of sitting in the courtroom with Manson, as a show of her unflagging support she camped outside the Los Angeles County courtroom where Manson and his followers were being tried. After Manson was convicted, he was moved from prison to prison, and Fromme moved from town to town to be near him. Unrelated to her Manson Family activities, in November 1972, Fromme and four others were arrested after a couple was found murdered and buried in the woods. The other four confessed, and Fromme was released. Three years later, Fromme's luck would run out when she pulled a loaded pistol on President Gerald Ford in Sacramento, where she had lived for three years (17 days later, another attempt would be made on Ford's life). She was convicted of the attempted assassination and sentenced to life in prison. The trial ended with Fromme throwing an apple at the face of the prosecuting attorney, knocking off his glasses. In December 1987, Fromme escaped from a West Virginia prison in an attempt to meet up with Charles Manson, who she heard had developed cancer. She was captured and imprisoned until 2008, when her parole was granted. Fromme was released a year later. Related Videos Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! Citation Information


Who is the most famous person with the first name Orenthal?

O.J. Simpson - Athlete, Actor, Criminal, Football Player - Biography.com “I've been very clear. I won. I didn't commit the crime.” O.J. Simpson Synopsis O.J. Simpson was born in 1947 in San Francisco, California. He became a college football superstar at USC, winning the Heisman Trophy in 1968, and later enjoyed a record-setting career in the NFL and tremendous popularity among his fans. Amid a moderately successful post-playing career as an actor and broadcaster, Simpson was charged in 1994 for murdering his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ron Goldman. He was acquitted in a high-profile criminal trial, though he was found liable for their deaths in civil court. Simpson later was sentenced to up to 33 years in prison in 2008 for kidnapping and armed robbery. Early Years Orenthal James Simpson was born on July 9, 1947, in San Francisco, California. His aunt gave him the name Orenthal—supposedly the name of a French actor she liked. At the age of 2, Simpson contracted rickets, leaving him pigeon-toed and bow-legged. He had to wear a pair of shoes connected by an iron bar for a few hours almost every day until he was 5 years old. Simpson's parents separated in 1952. Along with a brother and two sisters, he was raised by his mother in the rugged, largely black Potrero Hill district of San Francisco. At age 13, he joined a gang called the Persian Warriors. One fight landed him at the San Francisco Youth Guidance Center for nearly a week in 1962. Football Stardom Simpson displayed immense promise on the gridiron for Galileo High School, though his poor grades initially impeded his chances of joining a major college football program. After overwhelming the competition at the City College of San Francisco, he gained fame as a two-time All-American halfback for the USC Trojans, setting NCAA records and winning the Heisman Trophy in 1968. Simpson joined the professional Buffalo Bills in 1969, but did not excel until the offense was tailored to showcase his running. Nicknamed "The Juice," Simpson topped 1,000 yards rushing over five consecutive years (1972–76) and led the National Football League in that category four times. In 1973, he became the first NFL player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a single season. The running back also established league records (since broken) with his 23 touchdowns in 1975, and 273 rushing yards against the Detroit Lions on Thanksgiving Day 1976. Acting and Commentating Work After retiring from professional football in 1979, O.J. Simpson moved on to a profitable career as a sportscaster and an actor. He had dabbled in acting while still an active athlete, notably playing a man framed for murder by the police in the 1974 film The Klansman. Simpson later appeared in The Naked Gun (1988) and its sequels, playing a dim-witted assistant detective, and regularly appeared in TV commercials for the Hertz rental-car company, where he was seen leaping over luggage and other obstacles in an effort to catch a flight. Additionally, he worked as a commentator for Monday Night Football and the NFL on NBC brand. Nicole Brown Simpson, Ronald Goldman Murders Simpson married Marguerite L. Whitley on June 24, 1967. They had three children together, Arnelle, Jason and Aaren. Daughter Aaren Lashone Simpson, who was born in 1977, died a month before her second birthday when she drowned in the family's swimming pool. Simpson and Marguerite divorced in 1979. While still married to his first wife, Simpson met waitress Nicole Brown, then just a teenager. Simpson and Brown married in 1985, the same year he was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and they had two children together, Justin and Sydney. Nicole Brown Simpson complained about her marriage to friends and family members, telling them that O.J. was physically abusive. Following a fight between the two at a 1989 New Year's Eve party, in which he allegedly threatened to kill her, the former football star pleaded no contest to spousal battery. He brushed off the incident in an interview with ESPN, noting "We had a fight


In what city did Anne Frank hide from the Nazis?

Who was Anne Frank? - Anne Franks Diary - Key Stage 3 - The Holocaust Explained Anne Frank - a girl who never gave up The face of Anne Frank is one of the most well known images of the Holocaust. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. Before the German's invaded Anne Frank had a happy childhood. Here we see Anne (left), her sister Margot and their friends at a tea party in Amsterdam during 1934. © 2011 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Anne Frank (front left) celebrated Purim with her friends in 1934 © 2011 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Before the war Anne's parents, Edith and Otto (centre), enjoyed a happy social life with their friends in Amsterdam © 2011 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Anne Frank's home in Amsterdam before the Germans invaded. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. In August 1944 the Franks were betrayed. The Nazis raided the office. The Franks were sent to Westerbork, a transit camp near to Amsterdam. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. Anne Frank and her family were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau on the last ever transport from Westerbork to the camp. Anne’s mother, Edith died in Auschwitz-Birkenau. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. In October 1944 Anne and her sister, Margot, were sent to Bergen-Belsen. The camp was extremely overcrowded; the conditions were terrible. Anne and her sister both died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. 7 0 Who was Anne Frank? The face of Anne Frank is one of the most well known images of the Holocaust. Who was this remarkable young lady? What is the significance of her amazing diary? Anne Frank was born to a Jewish family in Frankfurt, Germany in 1929. When, in 1933, the Nazis came to power in Germany, her family thought they would be safer in Holland, so went to live in Amsterdam. For a few years they were safe. However, in 1940, the Germans occupied Holland. The family was once again living under Nazi control. Otto, Anne’s father, began making plans to hide himself and his entire family until the War was over. On 6 July 1942, a month before Anne’s 13th birthday, the family went into hiding in a part of Otto’s office building. Within a few months four other people joined them. Four of Otto’s staff knew about the hiding place and helped them survive. By August 1944 Anne Frank and her family had been in hiding for just over two years. The Franks were then betrayed. On 4 August 1944, the Nazis found out about the hiding place and raided the office, arresting all eight people. All were sent to Westerbork, a transit camp near to Amsterdam. From there they were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau on the last ever transport from Westerbork to the camp. Anne’s mother, Edith died in Auschwitz. In October 1944 Anne and her sister, Margot, were sent to Bergen-Belsen. The camp was extremely overcrowded; the conditions were terrible. Anne and her sister both died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945. Anne had lived until she was 15 years old.   What is the Diary of Anne Frank? On her 13th birthday – she had gone into hiding by then – Anne was given a diary as a birthday present. For the two years she was in hiding Anne wrote a detailed diary. She invented an imaginary friend, Kitty, who was the person she imagined telling her thoughts to. Anne wrote about life in hiding, her family relationships, the other people in hiding with her and her own physical and emotional development. It is a very moving personal record of what happened during the Holocaust. The Diary of Anne Frank is not just an historical document. It is the testimony of a young woman who refused to give up. She resisted the Nazis. Throughout those two years Anne held on to her culture, her ideals, her hopes and her dreams in the face of adversity, even though she was trapped within the confines of the family’s hiding place.   Anne’s father Otto was the only member


How many years are commemorated by a sesquicentennial?

Territorial History | Idaho Historical Society Idaho Territorial Map fact sheet Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Territorial History I thought we commemorated the Idaho centennial a few years ago.  How can it be the sesquicentennial already? In 1990, Idaho commemorated the centennial of statehood.  But Idaho became a territory on March 4, 1863, and 2013 marks the 150th anniversary. The territorial period was a long time ago.  How do events from that period affect me today? A case could be made that the 27-year territorial era was the most important period in Idaho history in terms of shaping the state we know today.  Do you drive on Idaho’s main highways?  Did you attend Idaho public schools?  Do you pay county taxes?  Did you find it surprising in the 1990s that the U.S. Supreme Court granted ownership of part of Lake Coeur d’Alene to the Coeur d’Alene Tribe?  Have you wondered why Idaho has three state universities?  Have you found it curious that many northern Idahoans refer to their part of the state as North Idaho, when no other region uses such capitalization?  Have you ever voted for a Supreme Court justice?  Do you have irrigation water rights?  If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you are living with the result of decisions made during Idaho’s territorial period. Idaho looked like a rectangle when it became a territory.  How did it get its present odd shape? Originally, Idaho consisted of all of Idaho, Montana, and most of Wyoming, an unwieldy land mass.  Much of this area had been part of Washington Territory, and Idaho was created because western Washington politicians wanted to discard vast tracks of land to the east which were gaining population due to gold rushes.  This action would leave a more compact Washington Territory—and help to assure that Olympia would remain as its capital.  When Idaho’s first territorial legislature met in Lewiston in 1863, one delegate from present-day Montana, unwilling to venture across the Bitterroots in winter, instead journeyed overland to California and then by boat up the Pacific and the Columbia and Snake rivers to the proceedings.  Not surprisingly, those first legislators unanimously petitioned Congress to reduce the size of the territory to make it more governable, not to mention easier to get around.  In 1864, Montana broke away, and in 1868, Wyoming left, leaving Idaho with its jagged panhandle in the north and a nearly straight-edged boundary with Wyoming in the east.  Check out this fact sheet for more information on Idaho's territorial maps. Why is Idaho’s capitol in Boise? By the time of the creation of Idaho Territory, much of the population had already shifted away from gold diggings in the Clearwater region to the Boise Basin.  Just like that legislator who traveled to California to get to Idaho’s capital in 1863, lawmakers found it increasingly difficult to get to Lewiston, since most of them lived far away.  During their second session in 1864, legislators voted to move the capitol to Boise, a controversial move that some believed was illegal.  But subsequent legal rulings confirmed Boise as the capitol. The move of the capitol from Lewiston to Boise was controversial.  Once the capitol moved, did regional controversies subside? Hardly.  In 1878, 96 percent of northern Idaho voters approved a proposal that would have united the panhandle with Washington.  In 1887, a measure to do just that passed both houses of Congress; only a pocket veto by President Grover Cleveland retained Idaho as we now know it.  To help mollify the north, the Idaho constitution created the University of Idaho at Moscow, and Congress created Latah County, the only county in the United States formed by an act of Congress.  For many years, relationships between many eastern Idaho residents and the rest of the territory were also strained, but for religious rather than geographical reasons.  In 1884, the territorial legislature passed the Idaho Test Oath, which essentially disenfranchised members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who then mostly li


German Currency - German Money - Best Exchange Rates For Travellers Where to exchange foreign currencies? Credit card or cash while travelling in Germany? The German currency is the Euro. Actually, the Euro is not "German money", but it is the currency we use in this country. The Euro replaced the German Mark and it is the official currency of the European Union. Nineteen states in Europe currently use the Euro. These states are Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. If you visit Germany from a country within the eurozone, you are a happy traveller! No need to worry about the best exchange rates before you leave home. While you travel in Germany, you don't need to calculate prices into another currency. Isn't it very handy to travel in a foreign country with the currency you are used to? Facts about the Euro The Euro was introduced as cash currency in Germany on 1st January 2002, although it was used for cashless transactions by banks and stock markets in the eurozone since 1999. An Euro starter kit, to get people used to the new German currency, was released on 17th December 2001. Not all Germans were happy about the introduction of the Euro. Many fellow Germans wanted to keep the strong Deutsche Mark. Others were angry that we didn't have a referendum like other European countries. In Germany, the introduction of the Euro was the sole decision of our political leaders. Now we all got used to the Euro, although you will still hear voices who say that expenses for daily life have become more expensive. Euro banknotes are issued in €500, €200, €100, €50, €20, €10, €5 notes. Denominations of Euro coins are €2, €1, 50c, 20c, 10c, 5c, 2c, and 1c. All Euro coins have a common side showing their value, while the national side shows an image chosen by each country. Euro coins from any member state are valid in all states throughout the Euro zone. The Euro notes, front and back side, are the same in all countries. Customised Tours Currency Converter Credit cards are widely accepted, although paying with credit cards is not as common as in the USA, for example. Mastercard & Visa dominate. American Express & Diners Club are accepted in some stores and of course you can use them with the Geldautomat. Check shop windows and entrance doors for credit card logos to see which cards you can use inside. Supermarkets, department stores and restaurants, especially in smaller towns outside tourist regions, might only accept a German bank card, or cash. You will definitely have to pay cash at many locations in Germany. German Currency - Where to get cash You can get money from a Geldautomat (ATM - automated teller machine) at major train stations, airports, large shopping centres and in and outside banks. Within the eurozone charges for ATM withdrawals and credit card payments are domestic payments and you get domestic fees charged. For visitors from the US, Canada, Australia and any other country outside the eurozone it is a different story. You can buy currency online and spend hours searching for the best exchange rates. Does it make sense? I don't know. I did some research, and discovered that many experienced world travellers do exactly what I do when I go abroad. Accept that you have to pay transaction fees when you buy foreign currency. Don't fret over the best exchange rates, instead use time time to plan your holidays. Use a mix of payment methods while you travel in Germany. Talk with your bank at home to check what they charge if you withdraw foreign currency with your credit card or your bank card. Your bank card should have a Visa, Mastercard or EuroCard logo to work with ATMs in Germany and Europe. Don't forget to memorise the PIN for these cards. Consider buying some traveller checks issued in Euro to get cash in Germany. You might also be able to use them to pay in shops and hotels. Use your credit card to pay for accommodation, car rentals, fuel and purchases over 100? Exchange money


What is the title of the first Rambo movie?

Rambo (2008) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error In Thailand, John Rambo joins a group of missionaries to venture into war-torn Burma, and rescue a group of Christian aid workers who were kidnapped by the ruthless local infantry unit. Director: From $7.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV a list of 22 titles created 05 Oct 2010 a list of 49 titles created 22 Dec 2011 a list of 49 titles created 07 Feb 2012 a list of 27 titles created 19 Feb 2015 a list of 27 titles created 3 weeks ago Search for " Rambo " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards  » Videos John Rambo is released from prison by the government for a top-secret covert mission to the last place on Earth he'd want to return - the jungles of Vietnam. Director: George P. Cosmatos When his friend Colonel Trautman is captured by Soviets during a mission in Afghanistan, John Rambo sets out to rescue him while taking on the brutal tyrant and his army who rule that region. Director: Peter MacDonald Former Green Beret John Rambo is pursued into the mountains surrounding a small town by a tyrannical sheriff and his deputies, forcing him to survive using his combat skills. Director: Ted Kotcheff Thirty years after the ring of the first bell, Rocky Balboa comes out of retirement and dons his gloves for his final fight; against the reigning heavyweight champ Mason 'The Line' Dixon. Director: Sylvester Stallone After iron man Drago, a highly intimidating 6-foot-5, 261-pound Soviet athlete, kills Apollo Creed in an exhibition match, Rocky comes to the heart of Russia for 15 pile-driving boxing rounds of revenge. Director: Sylvester Stallone Rocky struggles in family life after his bout with Apollo Creed, while the embarrassed champ insistently goads him to accept a challenge for a rematch. Director: Sylvester Stallone After winning the ultimate title and being the world champion, Rocky falls into a hole and finds himself picked up by a former enemy. Director: Sylvester Stallone A botched mid-air heist results in suitcases full of cash being searched for by various groups throughout the Rocky Mountains. Director: Renny Harlin Reluctantly retired from boxing and back from riches to rags, Rocky takes on a new protege who betrays him, as the champ's son must adjust to his family's new life after bankruptcy. Director: John G. Avildsen A CIA operative hires a team of mercenaries to eliminate a Latin dictator and a renegade CIA agent. Director: Sylvester Stallone Two cops are framed and must clear their names. Directors: Andrey Konchalovskiy, Albert Magnoli Stars: Sylvester Stallone, Kurt Russell, Teri Hatcher A police officer is brought out of suspended animation in prison to pursue an old ultra-violent nemesis who is loose in a non-violent future society. Director: Marco Brambilla Edit Storyline Vietnam veteran John Rambo has survived many harrowing ordeals in his lifetime and has since withdrawn into a simple and secluded existence in Thailand, where he spends his time capturing snakes for local entertainers, and chauffeuring locals in his old PT boat. Even though he is looking to avoid trouble, trouble has a way of finding him: a group of Christian human rights missionaries, led by Michael Burnett and Sarah Miller, approach Rambo with the desire to rent his boat to travel up the river to Burma. For over fifty years, Burma has been a war zone. The Karen people of the region, who consist of peasants and farmers, have endured brutally oppressive rule from the murderous Burmese military and have been struggling for survival every single day. After some inner contemplation, Rambo accepts the offer and takes Michael, Sarah, and the rest of the missionaries up the river. When the missionaries finally arrive at the Karen village, they find th


Who famously posed for paintings with his hand tucked into his jacket?

Faq#12: Why is Napoleon's hand in his coat? By Tom  Holmberg Many theories have been presented as to why Napoleon is  traditionally depicted with his hand in his waistcoat. Some  of these theories include: that he had a stomach ulcer, he  was winding his watch, he had an itchy skin disease, that in  his era it was impolite to put your hands in your pockets,  he had breast cancer, he had a deformed hand, he kept a  perfumed sachet in his vest that he'd sniff surreptitiously,  and that painters don't like to paint hands. A simpler and  more elegant theory is contained in an article entitled,  "Re-Dressing Classical Statuary: The Eighteenth-Century  'Hand-in-Waistcoat' Portrait." by Arline Meyer. Art   Bulletin (College Art Association of America), Vol. 77,  No.2, March 1995, p.45-64. Meyer points out that the  'hand-in' portrait type appeared with "relentless frequency"  during the eighteenth century and became almost a cliched  pose in portrait painting. The pose was used so often by  portraitists that one was even accused of not knowing how to  paint hands. "In real life," Meyer observes, "the  'hand-held-in' was a common stance for men of breeding."  Meyer goes on to give many examples of this posture in  painted portraits dating from the early and middle 1700s,  well before Napoleon's birth. In 1738 Francois Nivelon  published A Book Of Genteel Behavior describing the  "hand-in-waistcoat" posture as signifying "manly boldness  tempered with modesty." Meyer says that the hidden hand was  a feature of some statues of the ancient Greeks and Romans  and that later painters based their poses on classical  models. The pose was recommended by certain classical  writers as a useful posture for orators. Aeschines of  Macedon (390-331 B.C.), an actor, orator and founder of a  school of rhetoric, who wrote an important book on oratory,  postulated that speaking with one's arm outside the toga was  considered ill-mannered. A number of textbooks on oratory  published in the eighteenth century, following Aeschines,  recommended this gesture. Although Meyer doesn't mention  it, it is possible that the great French actor Talma, who  reportedly trained Napoleon in Imperial comportment, may  have been familiar with these works. Meyer concludes with an addendum on Napoleon: "Today the  'hand-in' gesture is, of course, best known from its  personalized revival in the nineteenth century. Surely most  people would recognize the pose as Napoleon's inimitable  trademark — which David rendered indelible in his commanding  portrait of 1812 ["Napoleon in his Study"]... It is  not surprising that when Napoleon's reputation plummeted, a  subtly arched postural inflection made the gesture decidedly  imperious... The enduring French association is in fact  somewhat ironic, in that the gesture had a voguish run as an  English portrait convention long before it became Napoleon's  quasi-military emblem." The painting by Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825),  "Napoleon in his Study", the most famous expression of  Napoleon in his classic pose, was not painted for the  Emperor, but was commissioned by a Scottish nobleman,  Alexander Douglas, an admirer of Napoleon. Napoleon did not  sit for the portrait, so David painted it from memory.  Etienne Delecluze, a student and early biographer of  David's, opined that the painting was a "poor likeness" and  "too ideal." Napoleon, however, told the artist, "You have  understood me, my dear David." With input from: David Christian-Edwards


The animal Megalodon went extinct 2.6 million years ago. What type of animal was it?

Megalodon sharks, terror of the oceans, became extinct 2.6 million years ago and whales grew : SCIENCE : Tech Times Megalodon sharks, terror of the oceans, became extinct 2.6 million years ago and whales grew 25 October 2014, 9:38 pm EDT By Jim Algar Tech Times Whales only began to evolve to their current massive sizes with the disappearance of a fearsome ancient predator, researchers suggest. Whales may have been a preferred prey of prehistoric, 50-foot shark known as Medalodon.  ( Karen Carr | Wikipedia | Creative Commons ) Advertisement Whales may have evolved to their current massive sizes only because one of their most fearsome predators, the largest shark species known to science, went extinct, researchers say. Primitive baleen whales, smaller than their modern-day counterparts, were a likely prey of Megalodon, a prehistoric 50-foot-long predator something like a jumbo-sized Great White, the scientists say. In a study published in the journal PLOS One, the researchers put the date for Megalodon's extinction at about 2.6 million years ago, after which baleen whales as a group began to evolve and grow to the giant sizes seen today. The group includes the blue whale, the largest animal on Earth that can reach lengths of 100 feet. While the researchers acknowledge there is no definite evidence that Megalodon preferred baleen whales as prey, they note that ancient whale fossils are often discovered in company with Megalodon teeth. If the whales were in fact a feature of Megalodon diets, then the extinction of the ancient mega-shark may have allowed them to flourish and evolve, researchers say. "When we found out when that [extinction] happened, we noticed it coincided with the [evolution] pattern mentioned in whales," says study co-author Catalina Pimiento from the Florida Museum of Natural History. "Now we need to find out if one event -- Megalodon's extinction -- caused the other -- evolution of gigantism in whales." The fossil record for Megalodon is spotty with a number of gaps, making an accurate determination of when it went extinct difficult, researchers say. Pimiento and research colleagues from the University of Florida placed 42 known Megalodon fossils in a database, assigning each one an upper and lower date estimate in an attempt to narrow the gaps. "Based on the distribution of those gaps and how those gaps change, it will then infer the point in time where that species can be considered to be extinct," researcher Chris Clements said. That yielded a 99.9 percent certainty the mega-shark species was extinct by 2.6 million years ago, the researchers said. That's strong evidence refuting the claims made by some people that Megalodon may still be alive and lurking in the world's ocean's today, a claim featuring prominently in some programs aired as part of the Discovery Channel's "Shark Week." Most shark experts say they've confident the giant species is long gone. "If a 50-foot-long predator that fed on surface animals and lived in coastal environments were still around, someone would have found evidence of this by now," shark enthusiast David Shiffman says .


What divides in two in a process called mitosis?

Mitosis | Learn Science at Scitable Mitosis   Mitosis is the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells. The word "mitosis" means "threads," and it refers to the threadlike appearance of chromosomes as the cell prepares to divide. Early microscopists were the first to observe these structures, and they also noted the appearance of a specialized network of microtubules during mitosis. These tubules, collectively known as the spindle, extend from structures called centrosomes — with one centrosome located at each of the opposite ends, or poles, of a cell. As mitosis progresses, the microtubules attach to the chromosomes, which have already duplicated their DNA and aligned across the center of the cell. The spindle tubules then shorten and move toward the poles of the cell. As they move, they pull the one copy of each chromosome with them to opposite poles of the cell. This process ensures that each daughter cell will contain one exact copy of the parent cell DNA. What Are the Phases of Mitosis? Mitosis consists of five morphologically distinct phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Each phase involves characteristic steps in the process of chromosome alignment and separation. Once mitosis is complete, the entire cell divides in two by way of the process called cytokinesis (Figure 1). Figure 1: Drawing of chromosomes during mitosis by Walther Flemming, circa 1880 This illustration is one of more than one hundred drawings from Flemming's \"Cell Substance, Nucleus, and Cell Division.\" Flemming repeatedly observed the different forms of chromosomes leading up to and during cytokinesis, the ultimate division of one cell into two during the last stage of mitosis. © 2001 Nature Publishing Group Paweletz, N. Walther Flemming: pioneer of mitosis research. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2, 72 (2001). All rights reserved. What Happens during Prophase? Prophase is the first stage in mitosis, occurring after the conclusion of the G2 portion of interphase. During prophase, the parent cell chromosomes — which were duplicated during S phase — condense and become thousands of times more compact than they were during interphase. Because each duplicated chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at a point called the centromere, these structures now appear as X-shaped bodies when viewed under a microscope. Several DNA binding proteins catalyze the condensation process, including cohesin and condensin. Cohesin forms rings that hold the sister chromatids together, whereas condensin forms rings that coil the chromosomes into highly compact forms. The mitotic spindle also begins to develop during prophase. As the cell's two centrosomes move toward opposite poles, microtubules gradually assemble between them, forming the network that will later pull the duplicated chromosomes apart. What Happens during Prometaphase? When prophase is complete, the cell enters prometaphase — the second stage of mitosis. During prometaphase, phosphorylation of nuclear lamins by M-CDK causes the nuclear membrane to break down into numerous small vesicles. As a result, the spindle microtubules now have direct access to the genetic material of the cell. Each microtubule is highly dynamic, growing outward from the centrosome and collapsing backward as it tries to locate a chromosome. Eventually, the microtubules find their targets and connect to each chromosome at its kinetochore, a complex of proteins positioned at the centromere. The actual number of microtubules that attach to a kinetochore varies between species, but at least one microtubule from each pole attaches to the kinetochore of each chromosome. A tug-of-war then ensues as the chromosomes move back and forth toward the two poles. What Happens during Metaphase and Anaphase? As prometaphase ends and metaphase begins, the chromosomes align along the cell equator. Every chromosome has at least two microtubules extending from its kinetochore — with at least one microtubule


"What ""logy"" is the study of animals?"

Zoology dictionary definition | zoology defined Zoology is defined as the scientific study of animals. Facts About Zoology A person who studies zoology is known as a zoologist. The study of zoology is a vast field, and there are many individual fields of zoology that a person can specialize in rather than holding a general degree as a zoologist. A zoologist who specializes in the study of fish is called a zoologist, but is properly known as an ichthyologist. A zoologist whose primary focus is the study of mammals would technically be a mammalogist. There is evidence to suggest that zoology has existed since the time of Ancient Greece and Aristotle. Darwin’s theory of evolution improved the study of zoology in leaps and bounds and was the beginning of modern day zoology. A course that teaches about the biology of animals is an example of zoology. zoology zo·ol′o·gist noun Usage Note: Traditionally, the first syllable of zoology has been pronounced as (z&omacron;), rhyming with toe. However, most likely due to the familiarity of the word zoo (which is merely a shortened form of zoological garden), the pronunciation of the first syllable as (z&oomac;) is also commonly heard. In 1999, 88 percent of the Panelists found the (z&omacron;-) pronunciation acceptable, and 60 percent found the (z&oomac;-) pronunciation acceptable, with 68 percent using the (z&omacron;-) pronunciation and 32 percent using the (z&oomac;-) pronunciation in their own speech. Thus, while both pronunciations can be considered acceptable, the (z&omacron;-) pronunciation may be perceived as more scientific. zoology See also animals ; biology ; birds ; bulls and bullfighting ; butterflies ; cats ; cocks ; dogs ; fish ; horses ; insects ; organisms ; reptiles ; snakes ; wolves ; worms . acarology a division of zoology that studies mites and ticks. —acarologist, n. aestivation estivation. amphibiology the branch of zoology that studies amphibians. —amphibiological, adj. arachnology a branch of zoology that studies spiders and other arachnids. Also called arachnidology, araneology. —arachnologist, n. carcinology the branch of zoology that studies crustaceans. —carcinologist, n. cetology the study of whales. —cetologist, n. coadunation the state or condition of being united by growth. —coadunate, adj. coccidology the branch of zoology that studies scales, mealy bugs, and other members of the family Coccidea. conchology the branch of zoology that studies the shells of mollusks. Also called malacology. —conchologist, n. —conchological, adj. crustaceology the branch of zoology that studies crustaceans. cynology the branch of zoology that studies the dog, especially its natural history. echinology the branch of zoology that studies echinoderms. entomology the study of insects. —entomologist, n. —entomologie, entomological, adj. epimorphosis development of an organism or form of animal life in which body segmentation is complete before hatching. —epimorphic, adj. estivation , aestivation the practice of certain animals of sleeping throughout the summer. Cf. hibernation. gemmation reproduction by budding. See also botany . hibernation the practice of certain animals of sleeping throughout the winter. Cf. estivation. invertebracy the state or quality of being invertebrate or without a backbone, as certain organisms, animals, etc; hence, spinelessness; exhibiting a lack of strength of character. —invertebrate, adj. lepidopterology the branch of entomology that studies butterflies. —lepidopterologist, lepidopterist, n. malacology conchology. —malacologist, n. mammalogy the branch of zoology that studies mammals. —mammalogist, n. metamorphosis a change or succession of changes in form during the life cycle of an animal, allowing it to adapt to different environmental conditions, as a caterpillar into a butterfly. ornithology the branch of zoology that studies birds. —ornithologist, n. paleomammalogy, palaeomammalogy the branch of zoology that studies the mammals of past geologic ages. stirpiculture selective breeding to develop strains with particular characteristics. —st


Honshu | island, Japan | Britannica.com Honshu Alcatraz Island Honshu, largest of the four main islands of Japan , lying between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It forms a northeast–southwest arc extending about 800 miles (1,287 km) and varies greatly in width. The coastline extends 6,266 miles (10,084 km). Honshu has an area of 87,992 square miles (227,898 square km) and contains almost three-fourths of the total number of ken (prefectures) of Japan. Beach at Shirahama, Wakayama prefecture, west-central Honshu, Japan. David Turner Honshu is regarded as the Japanese mainland. Much of the country’s early history took place in its southern region. The Pacific coast is the country’s main economic centre, lined with the metropolitan areas of Tokyo–Yokohama and Ōsaka–Kōbe. Honshu contains Japan’s largest mountain, Mount Fuji , and its largest lake, Lake Biwa . Ukimi Temple in Lake Biwa, Katada, Shiga prefecture, central Honshu, Japan. Philbert Ono Mount Fuji highest mountain in Japan. It rises to 12,388 feet (3,776 metres) near the Pacific Ocean coast in Yamanashi and Shizuoka ken (prefectures) of central Honshu, about 60 miles (100 km) west of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area. It is a volcano that has been dormant since its last eruption, in 1707,... Lake Biwa largest freshwater lake in Japan, located in Shiga ken (prefecture), west-central Honshu. Approximately 40 miles (64 km) long from north to south, the lake covers an area of 259 square miles (672 square km). Its name refers to the biwa, a Japanese musical instrument that the lake resembles in... in Japan ...1,500 miles (2,400 km) through the western North Pacific Ocean. Nearly the entire land area is taken up by the country’s four main islands; from north to south these are Hokkaido (Hokkaidō), Honshu (Honshū), Shikoku, and Kyushu (Kyūshū). Honshu is the largest of the four, followed in size by Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. In addition, there are numerous smaller islands,... 3 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: July 09, 2009 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Honshu Access Date: January 09, 2017 Share


Who was the first murder victim in the Bible?

Cain And Abel, The First Murder. Bible Stories In Simple English Favorite Bible Stories In Simple English Cain and Able, First Murder Edited and Adapted From Antique Book in His Library © By James Dearmore, July, 1999 What a sad story the Bible tells us in the fourth chapter of Genesis! Cain and Abel were brothers, the sons of Adam and Eve. How they should have loved each other! Yet we find that Cain killed Abel. Why did he do this? Well, Cain was a husbandman, that is, a man who tilled the ground; Abel was a shepherd, who kept sheep. One day each offered a sacrifice to God. Cain brought the fruit of the ground, and Abel brought a perfect lamb. This perfect lamb was a type, or "picture", of the perfect Lamb of God, Jesus, Who was to come and sacrifice Himself to cover the sins of the world, and make it possible for man to again be in fellowship with God. God accepted Abel's offering, but not Cain's. Why? Well, I am quite sure that it was because Abel offered his sacrifice according as God had commanded, and had faith in the promised Saviour; but Cain simply acknowledged God's goodness in giving him the fruits of the earth. Cain's produce was not according to God's command, and was the work of his own hands. While the accepted sacrifice of Abel was according to God's plan, and pictured the coming Redeemer, Jesus, to die for our sins. God had no doubt told them, too, that when they came to worship Him, they were to bring a lamb or a kid as a sacrifice for their sins; this Abel had done, but Cain had not. So Cain was angry because God had accepted Abel's offering and not his; and now he hated his brother Abel. God knew the evil thoughts which Cain had towards his brother, and asked him, "Why art thou wroth?" (That means, "Why are you so angry?") and said, "If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted?" But then Cain did still more wickedly. When they were out in the field, just the two of them alone, he killed his brother. Was it not a cruel deed? They were alone when this murder was committed, yet one eye saw it all. God's eye sees everything! God saw it, and said to Cain: "Where is Abel, thy brother?" This true story from the Bible teaches us that we cannot sin without God knowing about it! Cain then told God a lie. He answered, "I know not." But, of course, he really did know. God was angry with Cain for his sin, and sent him as a fugitive and vagabond to wander on the earth.


What is the biggest city in New Zealand?

New Zealand Main Cities Home » New Zealand Information » New Zealand Main Cities New Zealand Main Cities New Zealand is a relatively small country, with a population of little more than 4 million people. Consequently, our cities and towns are mostly quite small with large amounts of forestry and farmland surrounding them. If you are looking for a great place to holiday, then New Zealand is the perfect place. Throughout New Zealand you will find beautiful scenery, adrenaline activities, world-class skiing, geothermal attractions, towering alps, cascading waterfalls, vast glaciers, a strong culture, rich heritage and great lifestyle options. The main cities in the North Island of New Zealand are: Name Auckland 405,000 Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand. The city is built around 2 large harbours, and has many world famous attractions including the Sky Tower. The Auckland Region has a population of about 1.3 million people, and enjoys a warm, temperate climate. Wellington 393,000 Wellington is the Capital City of New Zealand and is home to Parliament, the head offices of all Government Ministries and Departments and the bulk of the foreign diplomatic missions in New Zealand. It is also home to Te Papa (the ground-breaking interactive Museum of New Zealand) and the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra. Hamilton 129,000 Hamilton rests on the banks of the Waikato River, south of Auckland City. The vast underground network of caves and caverns at Waitomo are near to Hamilton City. Tauranga 121,000 Tauranga City rests on the south-eastern edge of the Tauranga Harbour and enjoys a sunny, "subtropical" climate. One of New Zealand's fastest growing cities, the Port of Tauranga is a main New Zealand export port. The sunny, beachy lifestyle attracts holiday makers from around the world - many come to swim, surf, kayak and kitesurf the local beaches. Palmerston North 78,000 Palmerston North is a vibrant city with a large youth population. The city enjoys a rich arts and theatre scene with many restored heritage buildings. Here you will find Massey University and several other institutes of importance. Rotorua 70,000 Rotorua is a multi-cultural city, built in the heart of a geothermal wonderland, with bubbly mud pools, spouting geysers and hissing vents. There are 17 lakes in the Rotorua district that offer great freshwater fishing, waterskiing, swimming and other water activities. Hastings 66,000 Located less than 20 kilometres from Napier, Hastings has many heritage buildings. Other local attractions include Splash Planet - a large amusement park, Cape Kidnappers - home to the world's largest mainland gannet colony and Te Mata Peak. Napier 58,000 A seaport, Napier was leveled in 1931 by a devastating earthquake, and rebuilt in the Art Deco style of the day. Today Napier prides itself as the "Art Deco Capital". Wine tours, heritage tours, sailing, fishing and other activities are popular here. New Plymouth 52,000 New Plymouth is a port city, known for its beautiful gardens. A popular attraction is the Coastal Walkway - an 11 kilometre path that forms an expansive sea-edge promenade stretching almost the entire length of the city. Whangarei 52,000 Whangarei is the northernmost city in New Zealand and enjoys a sunny, oceanic climate. Whangarei is a popular holiday detsination, with spectacular beaches and beautiful scenery. Some of the larger towns in the North Island include: Name Wanganui 43,000 Wanganui is a large town built on the shores of the Whanganui River. Wanganui located about 75 kilometres northwest of Palmerston North. The surrounding region is a part of New Zealand's Nature Coast, featuring rivers, beaches, lakes, mountains, parks and golf courses. The Whanganui River is the longest navigable river in the country, with 239 rapids and stunning bush scenery. Gisborne 34,000 Gisborne enjoys a sunny climate and is one of the first places in the world to see each new day. Gisborne is also the first part of New Zealand to be sighted by the crew of Captain James Cook's ship the Endeavour. Whakatane 33,000 Whakatane is a populat


What does the U.S. government famously store at Fort Knox?

The Biggest Government Lie in History? The Biggest Government Lie in History? Published Tue, Jul 16, 2013  |  Louis Basenese , Investment Director Welcome to the world’s most secure vault… Completed in 1936, it’s encased in 16,000 cubic feet of granite and 4,200 cubic yards of cement. The vault door weighs an astounding 22 tons and is made of a 21-inch-thick material that’s resistant to drills, torches and explosives. It comes with a bombproof roof, too. Additional layers of physical security include: video cameras, minefields, barbed wire, electric fences, armed guards – even unmarked Apache helicopter gunships. Oh, and it’s stationed on a 109,000-acre U.S. army post. So what’s inside? Well, it depends on who you ask. The government will tell you that almost 5,000 metric tons of gold, or roughly 3% of all the gold ever refined throughout human history, is safely sealed inside the vault. Others will tell you that the vault (the United States Bullion Depository – known as Fort Knox) is totally empty. What if the skeptics are right? And all this protection is just an elaborate cover-up? What if there’s actually no gold at Fort Knox? Let’s dig a little deeper… Send the Auditors to Fort Knox! In light of the revelations from NSA whistle-blower, Edward Snowden, it’s even harder now to trust Washington politicians. The government has been doing a lot of things that it said it wasn’t for years (i.e. – spying on citizens). And that naturally makes me wonder what else it might be up to. I’m not alone, either. Three-time presidential candidate, Ron Paul, has long questioned the amount of gold at Fort Knox. He even went as far as introducing legislation in 2011, which proposed an audit. One thing we can all agree on is this: Lack of transparency always leads to corruption. So Paul’s audit demand seems reasonable. Especially considering that the world’s publicly traded companies must undergo annual audits. Why should the Federal government be immune? Amazingly, though, the last audit of Fort Knox occurred in 1953, right after President Eisenhower’s inauguration. Except no outside experts were permitted, and only about 5% of the gold was tested. So there’s been no full audit in over 60 years! Over that time, however, the government has sold its gold – reducing its holdings from about 20,000 metric tons in the 1950s, to the current level of 8,133 metric tons. So are we just supposed to trust that the government stopped selling? In this day and age, that’s a pretty tall order! Just ask the Germans. In late 2012, Germany’s federal court ordered its central bank to conduct annual audits and physically inspect gold deposits worldwide – including in the United States. For decades, the Bundesbank had relied on written confirmation. Why the sudden change of heart? It makes me wonder… A More Fundamental Question Let’s give the government the benefit of the doubt for a (brief) moment and ask: Why do we even have gold reserves? The gold bars, packed tightly into a secure vault, were supposed to give us confidence in our country’s currency. But we cast off the gold standard in 1971 and stopped redeeming currency for gold. So nowadays, gold reserves are nothing more than an asset on the Fed’s balance sheet, not an integral part of our monetary system. So what gives with clinging tightly to it? Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke says that it’s the result of “long-term tradition.” Mark Zandi, Chief Economist at Moody’s Analytics says, “It may lend some confidence to investors that we have large gold reserves. But it’s more symbolic than substantive.” Meanwhile, former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan reportedly said, we hold onto the huge reserves “just in case we need it.” (That’s comforting.) In the end, if there’s no real purpose for the gold reserves, then why worry about an audit at all? A Crisis of Confidence One reason the government might not want an audit is because it would lend importance to an asset that it swears is unimportant. Or as hedge fund manager James Rickards puts it, “An audit would give gold too much credit and start to erode the official


Who did Eva Braun marry on April 29, 1945?

Adolf and Eva marry - Apr 29, 1945 - HISTORY.com Adolf and Eva marry Publisher A+E Networks Eva Braun met Hitler while employed as an assistant to Hitler’s official photographer. Of a middle-class Catholic background, Braun spent her time with Hitler out of public view, entertaining herself by skiing and swimming. She had no discernible influence on Hitler’s political career but provided a certain domesticity to the life of the dictator. Loyal to the end, she refused to leave the Berlin bunker buried beneath the chancellery as the Russians closed in. The couple was married only hours before they both committed suicide. Also on this day in 1945, the Americans liberate the concentration camp at Dachau. Five hundred German garrison troops guarding the camp are killed within an hour, some by inmates, but most by the American liberators, who are horrified by what they bear witness to, including huge piles of emaciated dead bodies found in railway cars and near the crematorium. There were 33,000 survivors of the camp, 2,539 of them Jewish. Dachau, about 12 miles north of Munich, was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime, only five weeks after Hitler came to power. At least 160,000 prisoners passed through the main camp and another 90,000 through its 150 branches scattered throughout southern Germany and Austria. Medical experiments, ranging from studying the effects of freezing on warm-blooded creatures to treating intentionally inflicted malaria, were carried out on prisoners. At least 32,000 prisoners died of malnutrition and mistreatment at the camp itself; innumerable more were transported to the Auschwitz gas chambers. A memorial was established at the campsite on September 11, 1956. Related Videos


Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?

Who Is the Father of Psychology? Who Is the Father of Psychology? Search the site By Kendra Cherry Updated August 12, 2016 Who is considered the "father of psychology"? This question does not necessarily have a cut-and-dry answer since many individuals have contributed to the inception, rise, and evolution of modern day psychology. We'll take a closer look at a single individual who is most often cited as well as other individuals who are also considered fathers of psychology. The Father of Modern Psychology Wilhelm Wundt is the man most commonly identified as the father of psychology. Why Wundt? Other people such as Hermann von Helmholtz, Gustav Fechner, and ErnstWeber were involved in early scientific psychology research, so why are they not credited as father of psychology? Because Wundt's formation of the world's first experimental psychology lab is usually noted at the official start of psychology as a separate and distinct science. By establishing a lab that utilized scientific methods to study the human mind and behavior, Wundt took psychology from a mixture of philosophy and biology and made it a unique field of study. In addition to making psychology a separate science, Wundt also had a number of students who went to become influential psychologists themselves. Edward B. Titchener was responsible for establishing the school of thought known as structuralism , James McKeen Cattell became the first professor of psychology in the United States, and G. Stanley Hall established the first experimental psychology lab in the U.S. Other Thinkers Also Considered "Fathers of Psychology" A number of other influential thinkers can also claim to be "Fathers of Psychology" in some way or another. The following are just a few of these individuals who are noted in specific areas of psychology: William James : The Father of American Psychology; he helped establish psychology in the U.S. and his book, The Principles of Psychology, became an instant classic. Sigmund Freud : The Father of Psychoanalysis; his theories and work established psychoanalysis as a major school of thought in psychology. Hugo Münsterberg : The Father of Applied Psychology; he was an early pioneer of several applied areas including clinical, forensic and industrial-organizational psychology . John Bowlby : The Father of Attachment Theory; he developed the theory of attachment. Kurt Lewin : The Father of Social Psychology; his work pioneered the use of scientific methods to study social behavior. Edward Thorndike : The Father of Modern Educational Psychology; his research on the learning process helped establish the foundation for educational psychology. Jean Piaget : The Father of Developmental Psychology; his theory of cognitive development revolutionized how research thought about children's intellectual growth. Ulric Neisser: The Father of Modern Cognitive Psychology; the cognitive movement in psychology received a major boost from the publication of his 1967 book, Cognitive Psychology. Lightner Witmer: The Father of Modern Clinical Psychology; he founded the world's first journal devoted to clinical psychology, The Psychological Clinic, in 1907. Gordon Allport : The Father of Personality Psychology; he was one of the first psychologists to study personality. Obviously, not everyone is going to agree with these generalized titles. A few people might suggest that Freud is the father of psychology, since he is perhaps one of its most "known" figures. Others might suggest that Aristotle is the true father of psychology, since he is responsible for the theoretical and philosophical framework that contributed to psychology's earliest beginnings. Still others might argue that those earliest researchers such as Helmholtz and Fechner deserve credit as the founders of psychology. No matter which side of the argument you are on, one thing that is easy to agree on is that all of these individuals had an important influence on the growth and development of psychology. While the theories of each individual are not necessarily as influential today, all of these


"What musician is known as ""The Boss”?"

Bruce Springsteen - Singer - Biography.com Bruce Springsteen Bruce Springsteen is an arena rock star and a well-regarded singer-songwriter. His best known songs chronicle Springsteen's working-class roots in New Jersey. IN THESE GROUPS Bruce Springsteen - "Born to Run" Autobiography (TV-14; 1:49) Rock legend Bruce Springsteen discusses the creative process for writing his 2016 autobiography “Born to Run.” (Video Courtesy of Simon & Schuster) Synopsis Born on September 23, 1949, in the town of Long Branch, New Jersey, Bruce Springsteen, also known as "The Boss," played the bar circuit while assembling his famous E Street Band. His breakout record "Born to Run" united arena rock with human-size tales of working-class America. With dozens of awards under his belt, including 20 Grammys, and selling more than 65 million albums in the U.S. alone, Springsteen is one of the bestselling and popular artists of all-time. He consistently sells out his tours during which he and his band play are famous for performing for hours. Springsteen also has long been associated with left-leaning political causes and embracing his blue collar roots. In 2016 he was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama. Early Life Rock musician Bruce Springsteen was born September 23, 1949, in Long Branch, New Jersey. Springsteen was raised in a working-class household in Freehold Borough. The future Boss's father, Doug Springsteen, had trouble holding down a steady job and worked at different times as a bus driver, millworker and prison guard. Adele Springsteen, Bruce's mother, brought in steadier income as a secretary in a local insurance office. Young Bruce and his father had a difficult relationship. "When I was growing up, there were two things that were unpopular in my house," the singer later recalled. "One was me, and the other was my guitar." Years later, however, Springsteen suggested that his fraught relationship with his father had been important for his art. "I've gotta thank him," Springsteen said upon his induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999, "because what would I conceivably have written about without him? I mean, you can imagine that if everything had gone great between us, we would have had disaster. I would have written just happy songs—and I tried it in the early '90s and it didn't work… Anyway, I put on his work clothes and I went to work. It was the way that I honored him. My parents' experience forged my own. They shaped my politics, and they alerted me to what is at stake when you're born in the U.S.A." Springsteen first fell in love with rock 'n' roll when he saw Elvis Presley perform on The Ed Sullivan Show. "[Elvis] was as big as the whole country itself," Springsteen later remembered, "as big as the whole dream. He just embodied the essence of it and he was in mortal combat with the thing. Nothing will ever take the place of that guy." Springsteen's mother took out a loan to buy him a $60 Kent guitar for his 16th birthday, and he hasn't stopped playing the instrument since then. An outsider and recluse in school, Springsteen frequently got in trouble at his Catholic elementary school. "In the third grade, a nun stuffed me in a garbage can under her desk because she said that's where I belonged," he said. "I also had the distinction of being the only altar boy knocked down by a priest during mass." Several years later, he skipped his own high school graduation because he felt too uncomfortable to attend. In 1967, an 18-year-old Springsteen was drafted for military service in the Vietnam War. But as he later told Rolling Stone magazine, the only thought in his head as he traveled to his induction was "I ain't goin'." Springsteen failed his physical, largely due to his deliberately "crazy" behavior and a concussion previously suffered in a motorcycle accident. Springsteen's 4-F classification—unfit for military service—freed him from having to go to Vietnam and allowed him to pursue music full-time. Slow Start as 'The Boss' By the late 1960s, Springsteen was spe


In what video game did you battle Glass Joe, Bald Bull, and others before finally facing Mike Tyson?

Punch-Out!! (Video Game) - TV Tropes Ax-Crazy : Aran Ryan in the Wii version. Mr. Sandman in Punch-Out!! Wii may also qualify, as he punches an entire building to rubble out of anger from having the WVBA title taken from him by Little Mac. Bald Bull; his contender movie shows him attacking the paparazzi, and his victory sequence in Title Defense Mode has him chase the referee for no reason. Badass Beard : Bear Hugger sports a large beard. Badass Mustache : Von Kaiser, full stop. Also Bald Bull and Soda Popinski. Badass Normal : Little Mac. Considering the gimmicks used by most of his other opponents, Mr. Sandman and the Bruiser Brothers might also qualify. Bald of Awesome : Soda Popinski. Also, Bald Bull, though sometimes in-between rounds he may say "My barber didn't know when to quit. Do you?" suggesting that he's not naturally bald. Nick and Rick Bruiser are this in the SNES game. Banana Republic : The fictional Hippo Island, in the South Pacific Ocean. (Though not so much the republic part since its resident boxer isn't called President Hippo or Prime Minister Hippo.) Berserk Button : Narcis Prince really doesn't like being punched in the face . The Wii version's Don Flamenco really doesn't like having his hair being touched. The Wii version's Soda Popinski will get very angry if you punch out his...er..."soda" bottles.note But you can actually uppercut him if you delay it ever so slightly. He also gets equally pissed if you knock him down or manage to land a star punch on him.note Which if you managed to get a star from doing that, only by landing an uppercut right after he finishes drinking, you can land an uppercut on him before he even does the first one. Doc Louis gets his own berserk button in his WiiWare game. If you manage to punch out his chocolate bar during the fight, he gets angry and tears his jacket off, revealing a jaguar-patterned shirt and starts attacking much faster. If you manage to knock more of his candy out of his hands, he gets even faster! Aran Ryan gives one of these when you dodge his more, uh, questionable attacks. Though slamming his foot with his own boxing glove might have something to do with it. Mr. Sandman when you're about to Star Punch him. Big Ol' Eyebrows : Piston Hondo. His eyebrows even make a "doink doink" sound! Big, Thin, Short Trio : The main non-opponent characters from the Wii game: Little Mac (short), Doc Louis (big), and the Referee (thin). Bilingual Bonus : Most non-Anglophone challengers' dialogues in the Wii version are voiced in their native (foreign) language. In fact, the only one who doesn't speak a real language is King Hippo, and that's probably only because his home country is fictional as well. Granted, he doesn't appear to speak any kind of language, period. He mostly just grunts and roars, not unlike a hippo . The ringmen for Dragon Chan in Super Punch-Out!! calls out advice to him in Mandarin. Bittersweet Ending : In the Wii version, in a reference to the NES version, Little Mac will literally "give up and retire" after losing "Mac's Last Stand" three times. Doc Louis then reminisces about the time he spent training Mac. Worse yet, there's nothing you can do about it; this occurs canonically, which means that it will eventually happen, even to the best of players. There's even a cutscene leading up to it, and the game explicitly warns of this certainty just before starting this mode of play. Blonde, Brunette, Redhead : The Minor Circuit in the Wii game have Glass Joe (redhead), Von Kaiser (brunette), and Disco Kid (blonde). As King Hippo is completely hairless, he doesn't count. And the World Circuit also follows this; Aran Ryan have reddish-brown hair, Soda Popinski, Bald Bull and Mr. Sandman all have black hair or mustaches, and Super Macho Man's gray hair is often considered as platinum-blonde. They didn't call it the World Video Boxing Association for nothing. Mr. Dream/Mike Tyson: "You think the speed of your fingers can match the strength of my fists?" Little Mac: Help me, Doc! Also, Aran Ryan if he wins the contender match. He also tries to during m