Which American-born Sinclair won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1930?

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 Sinclair Lewis The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 Sinclair Lewis Prize share: 1/1 The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 was awarded to Sinclair Lewis "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation Share this: To cite this page MLA style: "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1930/>


Where in England was Dame Judi Dench born?

Judi Dench - IMDb IMDb Actress | Music Department | Soundtrack Judi Dench was born in York, England, to Eleanora Olive (Jones), who was from Dublin, Ireland, and Reginald Arthur Dench, a doctor from Dorset, England. She attended Mount School in York, and studied at the Central School of Speech and Drama. She has performed with Royal Shakespeare Company, the National Theatre, and at Old Vic Theatre. She is a ... See full bio » Born: a list of 35 people created 02 Jul 2011 a list of 35 people created 19 Apr 2012 a list of 35 people created 28 May 2014 a list of 25 people created 05 Aug 2014 a list of 26 people created 18 May 2015 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Judi Dench's work have you seen? User Polls Won     1     Oscar. Another    59 wins & 163 nominations. See more awards  » Known For  2016 The Hollow Crown (TV Series) Cecily, Duchess of York  2015 The Vote (TV Movie) Christine Metcalfe - Total War (1996) ... Narrator (voice) - Stalemate (1996) ... Narrator (voice)  1992 The Torch (TV Mini-Series) Aba  1990 Screen One (TV Series) Anne  1989 Behaving Badly (TV Mini-Series) Bridget  1981 BBC2 Playhouse (TV Series) Sister Scarli  1976 Arena (TV Series documentary) Sweetie Simpkins  1973 Ooh La La! (TV Series) Amélie  1966 Court Martial (TV Series) Marthe  1963 Z Cars (TV Series) Elena Collins  1963 Love Story (TV Series) Pat McKendrick  1960 The Terrible Choice (TV Series) Good Angel Music department (1 credit)   A Fine Romance (TV Series) (theme sung by - 14 episodes, 1981 - 1983) (theme song sung by - 12 episodes, 1983 - 1984) - A Romantic Meal (1984) ... (theme song sung by) - Problems (1984) ... (theme song sung by)  2013 Fifty Years on Stage (TV Movie) (performer: "Send in the Clowns")  2009 Nine (performer: "Folies Bergère") - What's Wrong with Mrs Bale? (1997) ... (performer: "Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head" - uncredited) - Misunderstandings (1993) ... (performer: "Walkin' My Baby Back Home" - uncredited)  1982-1984 A Fine Romance (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes) - The Telephone Call (1984) ... (performer: "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" - uncredited) - Furniture (1982) ... (performer: "Rule, Britannia!" - uncredited) Hide   2009 Waiting in Rhyme (Video short) (special thanks)  2007 Expresso (Short) (special thanks)  1999 Shakespeare in Love and on Film (TV Movie documentary) (thanks - as Dame Judi Dench) Hide   2016 Rio Olympics (TV Mini-Series) Herself  2015 In Conversation (TV Series documentary) Herself  2015 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) Herself  2015 CBS This Morning (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2015 The Insider (TV Series) Herself  1999-2014 Cinema 3 (TV Series) Herself  2013 Good Day L.A. (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2013 Arena (TV Series documentary) Herself  2013 At the Movies (TV Series) Herself  2013 Shooting Bond (Video documentary) Herself  2013 Bond's Greatest Moments (TV Movie documentary) Herself  2012 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) Herself  1999-2012 Charlie Rose (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2008-2012 This Morning (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2012 The Secrets of Skyfall (TV Short documentary) Herself  2012 Anderson Live (TV Series) Herself  2012 J. Edgar: A Complicated Man (Video documentary short) Herself  2011 The Many Faces of... (TV Series documentary) Herself / Various Characters  2011 Na plovárne (TV Series) Herself  2010 BBC Proms (TV Series) Herself  2010 The South Bank Show Revisited (TV Series documentary) Herself - Episode #6.68 (2009) ... Herself - Guest (as Dame Judi Dench)  2007-2009 Breakfast (TV Series)  2009 Larry King Live (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2009 The One Show (TV Series) Herself  2009 Cranford in Detail (Video documentary short) Herself / Miss Matty Jenkins (as Dame Judi Dench)  2005-2008 The South Bank Show (TV Series documentary) Herself  2008 Tavis Smiley (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2007 ITV News (TV Series) Herself - BAFTA Nominee  2007 The Making of Cranford (Video documentary short) Herself / Miss Matty Jenkyns (as Dame Judi Dench)  2006 Becoming Bond (TV Movie documentary) Herself  2006 Corazón de... (TV Series) Hers


In which decade did Billboard magazine first publish and American hit chart?

The US Billboard song chart The US Billboard song chart Search this site with Google Song chart US Billboard The Billboard magazine has published various music charts starting (with sheet music) in 1894, the first "Music Hit Parade" was published in 1936 , the first "Music Popularity Chart" was calculated in 1940 . These charts became less irregular until the weekly "Hot 100" was started in 1958 . The current chart combines sales, airplay and downloads. A music collector that calls himself Bullfrog has been consolidating the complete chart from 1894 to the present day.  he has published this information in a comprehenive spreadsheet (which can be obtained at bullfrogspond.com/ ). The Bullfrog data assigns each song a unique identifier, something like "1968_076" (which just happens to be the Bee Gees song "I've Gotta Get A Message To You"). This "Whitburn Number" is provided to match with the books of Joel Whitburn and consists of the year and a ranking within the year. A song that first entered the charts in December and has a long run is listed the following year. This numbering scheme means that songs which are still in the charts cannot be assigned a final id, because their ranking might change. So the definitive listing for a year cannot be final until about April. In our listing we only use songs with finalised IDs, this means that every year we have to wait until last year's entries are finalised before using them. (Source bullfrogspond.com/ , the original version used here was 20090808 with extra data from: the 2009 data from 20091219 the 2010 data from 20110305 the 2011 data from 20120929 the 2012 data from 20130330 the 2013 data from 20150328 The 20150328 data was the last one produced before the Billboard company forced the data to be withdrawn. As far as we know there are no more recent data sets available. This pattern of obtaining the data for a particular year in the middle of the following one comes from the way that the Bullfrog project generates the identifier for a song (what they call the "Prefix" in the spreadsheet). Recent entries are identified with keys like "2015-008" while older ones have keys like "2013_177". In the second case the underscore is significant, it indicates that this was the 177th biggest song released in 2013. Now, of course, during the year no one knows where a particular song will rank, so the underscore names can't be assigned until every song from a particular year has dropped out of the charts, so recent records are temporarily assigned a name with a dash. In about May of the following year the rankings are calculated and the final identifiers are assigned. That is why we at the Turret can only grab this data retrospectively. Attributes The original spreadsheet has a number of attributes, we have limited our attention to just a few of them: 134 9 The songs with the most entries on the chart were White Christmas (with 33 versions and a total of 110 weeks) and Stardust (with 19 and a total of 106 weeks). position The peak position that songs reached in the charts should show an smooth curve from number one down to the lowest position. This chart has more songs in the lower peak positions than one would expect. Before 1991 the profile of peak positions was exactly as you would expect, that year Billboard introduced the concept of "Recurrent" tracks, that is they removed any track from the chart which had spent more than twenty weeks in the chart and had fallen to the lower positions. weeks The effect of the "Recurrent" process, by which tracks are removed if they have spent at least twenty weeks in the chart and have fallen to the lower reaches, can clearly be seen in the strange spike in this attribute. This "adjustment" was intended to promote newer songs and ensure the chart does not become "stale". In fact since it was introduced in 1991 the length of long chart runs has increased, this might reflect the more conscious efforts of record companies to "game" the charts by controlling release times and promotions, or it coul


From which country did Angola achieve independence in 1975?

Angola from past to present | Conciliation Resources Angola from past to present Angola from past to present From military peace to social justice? The Angolan peace process Publication date:  David Birmingham When Angola achieved independence in 1975, a war was raging between competing national liberation movements and their foreign backers. Guus Meijer and David Birmingham revisit Angola’s colonial period and the independence struggle that followed and ask how the resulting social and economic divisions shaped and were manipulated by the warring parties. The article describes the introduction of authoritarian one-party rule under the MPLA and the impact of natural resource development and international and regional powers on the conflict. Tracing the conflict up to the signing of the Luena Memorandum, the authors conclude that Angola’s peace remains incomplete and that the country faces many challenges in achieving social and democratic reconstruction. Read full article Angola from past to present On 11 November 1975, the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) declared Angola's independence and installed Agostinho Neto as its first President in the former Portuguese colony's capital at Luanda. This outcome had long seemed uncertain and indeed even unlikely; the MPLA had not only had to deal with its own serious internal troubles and disaffections, but had also had to take on the Portuguese colonial army and the two rival armed movements, each backed by powerful allies. Holden Roberto's National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) had initially been the most powerful of the three competing national liberation movements and in the autumn of 1975 it came close to capturing Luanda from the north, backed by a heavily armed force supplied by President Mobuto Sese Seko of Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo). In the south, two armoured columns of a South African invasion force, acting in military coordination with the Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas Savimbi, almost reached Luanda before they were stopped by Cuban troops which had been rushed to the assistance of the MPLA. The independent Angolan state was thus born out of turmoil and violence and amid serious national, regional and global rivalries. This heritage with its deep historical roots was to influence the unfolding of events for a long time. Angola, like most African countries, grew out of a conglomerate of peoples and groups each with its own distinct history and traditions. Gradually small local nations and states came into contact with each other and historical developments drove them to share a common destiny under increasing Portuguese influence. Long before the arrival of the Portuguese, Bantu-speaking communities had established a farming economy over most of the territory. They had absorbed many of the scattered Khoisan-speaking populations and developed a successful pastoral dimension to their agriculture as well as building up trading economies. One of the most successfully diverse market centres became the town of M'banza Kongo around which the Kongo kingdom evolved. Further east the concept of state formation related to the political ideology of the Lunda peoples while in the south later kingdoms took shape in the highlands of the Ovimbundu people. Angola under Portuguese rule Although the first Portuguese traders, explorers and soldiers set foot on this part of the African coast from 1483, modern colonisation of the whole territory was only formalised four centuries later after the Berlin Conference of 1884-85. Wide stretches of Angola experienced colonial rule for less than a century, and even after 1900 armed revolts broke out and resistance movements sprang up as among the Ovimbundu and the Bakongo from 1913, until the last northern resistance was put down in 1917. During its century of overrule the colonial regime left crucial marks on Angolan society. Its discriminatory legislation, particularly the Statute of the Portuguese Natives of the Provinces of Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea, separ


David Soul - IMDb IMDb Actor | Soundtrack | Director David Soul achieved pop icon status as handsome, blond-haired, blue-eyed Detective Kenneth Hutchinson on the cult "buddy cop" TV series Starsky and Hutch (1975), Soul also had a very successful singing career recording several albums, with worldwide number one hit singles including "Silver Lady" & "Don't Give Up on Us Baby". Born in Chicago, ... See full bio » Born: Share this page: Related News a list of 43 people created 14 Jan 2011 a list of 37 people created 13 Mar 2011 a list of 48 people created 26 Mar 2012 a list of 973 people created 26 Feb 2013 a list of 127 people created 05 Jul 2014 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of David Soul's work have you seen? User Polls 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards  » Known For Starsky and Hutch Det. Ken 'Hutch' Hutchinson (1975-1979)  2004 The Dark Lantern (TV Movie) Storyteller  2004 Dalziel and Pascoe (TV Series) Detective Gus D'Amato  1995 Vents contraires (TV Movie) Quill  1994 High Tide (TV Series) Brian Landis  1991-1993 Murder, She Wrote (TV Series) Jordan Barnett / Wes McSorley  1990 The Young Riders (TV Series) Jeremy Styles  1989 Prime Target (TV Movie) Peter Armetage  1989 Deadly Nightmares (TV Series) Cooper Halliday  1989 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (TV Series) Michael Dennison  1987 Crime Story (TV Series) Dr. Newhouse  1987 Harry's Hong Kong (TV Movie) Harry Petros  1986 The Fifth Missile (TV Movie) Capt. Kevin Harris  1984 Partners in Crime (TV Series) Harry  1983 Through Naked Eyes (TV Movie) William Parrish  1982 World War III (TV Movie) Col. Jake Caffey  1980 Homeward Bound (TV Movie) Jake Seaton  1980 Swan Song (TV Movie) Jesse Swan  1974 Medical Center (TV Series) Walter  1974 McMillan & Wife (TV Series) Jerry  1974 The Rookies (TV Series) Johnny Dane  1973 Circle of Fear (TV Series) James Barlow  1972 The F.B.I. (TV Series) Clifford Wade  1972 Movin' On (TV Movie) Jeff  1971 Dan August (TV Series) Lawrence Merrill III  1967 Star Trek (TV Series) Makora  2016 The Conjuring 2 (performer: "Don't Give Up On Us")  2013/I Filth (performer: "Silver Lady")  2011 Johnny English Reborn (courtesy: "Don't Give Up On Us") / (performer: "Don't Give Up On Us")  2010 Rabbit Hole (performer: "Don't Give Up On Us")  2007 The Hitcher (performer: "Don't Give Up on Us")  1977-1978 Top of the Pops (TV Series) (performer - 17 episodes) - Episode dated 22 June 1978 (1978) ... (performer: "It Sure Brings Out the Love in Your Eyes") - Episode dated 8 June 1978 (1978) ... (performer: "It Sure Brings Out the Love in Your Eyes")


Super Bowl XX Game Recap Chicago 46, New England 10 SuperBowl.com wire reports Buddy Ryan's '46' defense squashed the Patriots.(AP) The NFC champion Chicago Bears,    seeking their first NFL title since 1963, scored a Super Bowl-record 46    points in downing AFC champion New England 46-10 in Super Bowl XX. The    previous record for most points in a Super Bowl was 38, shared by San    Francisco in XIX and the Los Angeles Raiders in XVIII. The Bears' league-leading defense tied the Super Bowl record for sacks    (7) and limited the Patriots to a record-low seven rushing yards. New England took the quickest lead in Super Bowl history when Tony    Franklin kicked a 36-yard field goal with 1:19 elapsed in the first    period. The score came about because of Larry McGrew's fumble recovery at    the Chicago 19-yard line. However, the Bears rebounded for a 23-3 first-half lead, while building    a yardage advantage of 236 total yards to New England's minus 19. Running back Matt Suhey rushed eight times for 37 yards, including an    11-yard touchdown run, and caught one pass for 24 yards in the first half. After the Patriot's first drive of the second half ended with a punt to    the Bears' 4-yard line, Chicago marched 96 yards in nine plays with    quarterback Jim McMahon's 1-yard scoring run capping the drive. McMahon    became the first quarterback in Super Bowl history to rush for a pair of    touchdowns. The Bears completed their scoring via a 28-yard interception return by    reserve cornerback Reggie Phillips, a 1-yard run by defensive    tackle/fullback William Perry, and a safety when defensive end Henry    Waechter tackled Patriots quarterback Steve Grogan in the end zone. Bears defensive end Richard Dent became the fourth defender to be named    the game's most valuable player after contributing 1½ sacks. The Bears' victory margin of 36 points was the largest in Super Bowl    history, bettering the previous mark of 29 by the Los Angeles Raiders when    they topped Washington 38-9 in Game XVIII. McMahon completed 12 of 20 passes for 256 yards before leaving the game    in the fourth period with a wrist injury. The NFL's all-time leading    rusher, Bears running back Walter Payton, carried 22 times for 61 yards. Wide receiver Willie Gault caught four passes for 129 yards, the    fourth-most receiving yards in a Super Bowl. Chicago coach Mike Ditka became the second man (Tom Flores of Raiders    was the other) to win a Super Bowl ring as a player and as a coach. Information


Which was the first European country to abolish capital punishment?

capital punishment | law | Britannica.com Capital punishment Alternative Titles: death penalty, execution Related Topics crucifixion Capital punishment, also called death penalty, execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense. Capital punishment should be distinguished from extrajudicial executions carried out without due process of law. The term death penalty is sometimes used interchangeably with capital punishment, though imposition of the penalty is not always followed by execution (even when it is upheld on appeal), because of the possibility of commutation to life imprisonment. Historical considerations Capital punishment for murder , treason , arson , and rape was widely employed in ancient Greece under the laws of Draco (fl. 7th century bce), though Plato argued that it should be used only for the incorrigible . The Romans also used it for a wide range of offenses, though citizens were exempted for a short time during the republic. It also has been sanctioned at one time or another by most of the world’s major religions. Followers of Judaism and Christianity, for example, have claimed to find justification for capital punishment in the biblical passage “Whosoever sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed” (Genesis 9:6). Yet capital punishment has been prescribed for many crimes not involving loss of life, including adultery and blasphemy . The ancient legal principle Lex talionis ( talion )—“an eye for an eye , a tooth for a tooth, a life for a life”—which appears in the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi , was invoked in some societies to ensure that capital punishment was not disproportionately applied. The prevalence of capital punishment in ancient times is difficult to ascertain precisely, but it seems likely that it was often avoided, sometimes by the alternative of banishment and sometimes by payment of compensation. For example, it was customary during Japan’s peaceful Heian period (794–1185) for the emperor to commute every death sentence and replace it with deportation to a remote area, though executions were reinstated once civil war broke out in the mid-11th century. Similar Topics workhouse In Islamic law , as expressed in the Qurʾān , capital punishment is condoned . Although the Qurʾān prescribes the death penalty for several ḥadd (fixed) crimes—including robbery, adultery, and apostasy of Islam —murder is not among them. Instead, murder is treated as a civil crime and is covered by the law of qiṣās (retaliation), whereby the relatives of the victim decide whether the offender is punished with death by the authorities or made to pay diyah (wergild) as compensation. Death was formerly the penalty for a large number of offenses in England during the 17th and 18th centuries, but it was never applied as widely as the law provided. As in other countries, many offenders who committed capital crimes escaped the death penalty, either because juries or courts would not convict them or because they were pardoned, usually on condition that they agreed to banishment; some were sentenced to the lesser punishment of transportation to the then American colonies and later to Australia. Beginning in the Middle Ages, it was possible for offenders guilty of capital offenses to receive benefit of clergy , by which those who could prove that they were ordained priests (clerks in Holy Orders) as well as secular clerks who assisted in divine service (or, from 1547, a peer of the realm) were allowed to go free, though it remained within the judge’s power to sentence them to prison for up to a year, or from 1717 onward to transportation for seven years. Because during medieval times the only proof of ordination was literacy, it became customary between the 15th and 18th centuries to allow anyone convicted of a felony to escape the death sentence by proving that he (the privilege was extended to women in 1629) could read. Until 1705, all he had to do was read (or recite) the first verse from Psalm 51 of the Bible—“Have mercy on me, O God, according to your steadfa


Bruce Willis - Biography - IMDb Bruce Willis Biography Showing all 169 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (7) | Trivia  (102) | Personal Quotes  (36) | Salary  (17) Overview (4) 6' (1.83 m) Mini Bio (1) Actor and musician Bruce Willis is well known for playing wisecracking or hard-edged characters, often in spectacular action films. Collectively, he has appeared in films that have grossed in excess of $2.5 billion USD, placing him in the top ten stars in terms of box office receipts. Walter Bruce Willis was born on March 19, 1955, in Idar-Oberstein, West Germany, to a German mother, Marlene K. (from Kassel), and an American father, David Andrew Willis (from Carneys Point, New Jersey), who were then living on a United States military base. His family moved to the U.S. shortly after he was born, and he was raised in Penns Grove, New Jersey, where his mother worked at a bank and his father was a welder and factory worker. Willis picked up an interest for the dramatic arts in high school, and was allegedly "discovered" whilst working in a café in New York City and then appeared in a couple of off-Broadway productions. While bartending one night, he was seen by a casting director who liked his personality and needed a bartender for a small movie role. After countless auditions, Willis contributed minor film appearances, usually uncredited, before landing the role of private eye "David Addison" alongside sultry Cybill Shepherd in the hit romantic comedy television series Moonlighting (1985). The series firmly established Bruce Willis as a hot new talent, and his sarcastic and wisecracking P.I. was in effect a dry run for the role of hard-boiled NYC detective "John McClane" in the monster hit Die Hard (1988). This superbly paced action film balanced laconic humor and wholesale destruction as Willis' character single handedly battles a gang of ruthless international thieves in a Los Angeles skyscraper. Willis reprized the role of tough guy cop "John McClane" in the eagerly anticipated sequel Die Hard 2 (1990) set at snowbound Washington's Dulles International Airport as a group of renegade Special Forces soldiers seek to repatriate a corrupt South American general. Excellent box office returns demanded a further sequel Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995) this time also starring Samuel L. Jackson as a cynical Harlem shopowner unwittingly thrust into assisting McClane during a terrorist bombing campaign on a sweltering day in NYC. Willis found time out from all the action mayhem to provide the voice of "Mikey" the baby in the very popular family comedies Look Who's Talking (1989), and its sequel Look Who's Talking Too (1990) also starring John Travolta and Kirstie Alley . Over the next decade, Willis starred in some very successful films, some very offbeat films and some unfortunate box office flops. The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990) and Hudson Hawk (1991) were both large scale financial disasters that were savaged by the critics, and both are arguably best left off the CVs of all the actors involved, however Willis was still popular with movie audiences and selling plenty of theatre tickets with the hyperviolent The Last Boy Scout (1991), the darkly humored Death Becomes Her (1992) and the mediocre police thriller Striking Distance (1993). During the 1990s, Willis also appeared in several independent and low budget productions that won him new fans and praise from the critics for his intriguing performances working with some very diverse film directors. He appeared in the oddly appealing North (1994), as a cagey prizefighter in the Quentin Tarantino directed mega-hit Pulp Fiction (1994), the Terry Gilliam directed apocalyptic thriller Twelve Monkeys (1995), the Luc Besson directed sci-fi opus The Fifth Element (1997) and the M. Night Shyamalan directed spine-tingling epic The Sixth Sense (1999). Willis next starred in the gangster comedy The Whole Nine Yards (2000), worked again with "hot" director M. Night Shyamalan in the less gripping Unbreakable (2000), and in two military dramas, Hart's Wa


Which William wrote the novel Lord Of The Flies?

William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies by John Carey | Book review | Books | The Guardian The Observer William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies by John Carey A diligent biography of William Golding doesn't fully capture the creative madness of its subject, finds Peter Conrad William Golding at his Wiltshire home, 1983. Photograph: John Eggitt/ Bettmann/ Corbis Share on Messenger Close We hear a lot about the death of the author, but William Golding is an author who was almost still-born. The man who wrote Lord of the Flies found that no one wanted to publish it. In 1953, his manuscript spent seven months being sniffily perused by publishers, who all promptly returned it. The Curtis Brown agency even declined to represent the would-be author, a dispirited schoolmaster who had written the book during classes and given his pupils, in lieu of an education, the humdrum task of totting up the number of words per page. A dead end seemed to have been reached when the Faber reader, picking through pages that were now yellow and grubby from handling, contemptuously rejected the submission as "absurd & uninteresting … rubbish & dull". Then Charles Monteith, a former lawyer hired as an editor by Faber only a month before, retrieved the book from the bin and persuaded his colleagues to buy it for the piffling sum of £60. As a set text for schools, Lord of the Flies went on to sell millions of copies, introducing adolescents worldwide to the idea of original sin and the knowledge of their own barbarity. My childhood reading life began, so far as I can recall, with RM Ballantyne's naively imperialist story The Coral Island; my innocence came to an end when I opened Lord of the Flies, which warps Ballantyne's tale into an allegory about the wickedness of our species and its rightful ejection from the happy garden. The novel, as the critic Lionel Trilling said, marked a mutation in culture: God may have died, but the Devil was flourishing, especially in English public schools. Yet the man who wrote Lord of the Flies spent the rest of his life regretting that he had done so. Golding considered the book "boring and crude", its language "O-level stuff". Its classic status struck him as "a joke" and he disparaged his income from it as "Monopoly money". And what right had it to overshadow later, better books, like his evolutionary saga, The Inheritors, his medieval fable, The Spire, or his solipsistic tragedy, Pincher Martin? Towards the end of his life, he refused to reread the manuscript (much revised, on Monteith's orders, before publication): he feared he'd be so dismayed he might do himself a mischief. Golding whispered the truth about these protests in his journal. He abominated Lord of the Flies, he confided, because "basically I despise myself and am anxious not to be discovered, uncovered, detected, rumbled". Discovery, uncovery, detection and rumbling are the appointed tasks of the biographer, about which John Carey, in this authorised life of a man he "admired and respected", evidently feels uncomfortable. Golding called himself a monster. His imagination lodged a horde of demons, buzzing like flies inside his haunted head, and his dreams rehearsed his guilt in scenarios that read like sketches for incidents in his novels, which they often were. After dark, his mother became a murderous maniac, hurling knives, shards of shattered mirror or metal pots of scalding tea at little William; a girlfriend he had cast off returned as a stiffened corpse, which he watched himself trying to bury in the garden. At his finest, Golding paid traumatised tribute to the pain of other creatures, like the hooked octopus he once saw impaled by the "vulnerable, vulvar sensitive flesh" of its pink, screaming mouth, or a rabbit he shot in Cornwall, which stared at him before it fell with "a combination of astonishment and outrage". But pity didn't prohibit him from firing the shot. He understood the Nazis, he said, because he was "of that sort by nature". His sexual assault on a 15-year-old girl has been titillatingly leaked to p


Which innovation for the car was developed by Prince Henry of Prussia in 1911?

Motoring Firsts - The National Motor Museum Trust The National Motor Museum Trust Home > Story of Motoring > Motoring Firsts Motoring Firsts Among the questions we are most frequently asked are the various motoring firsts. Listed below are some of the most common questions that have been answered by our Motoring Research Service. Questions What were the first motor cars? The motor car was developed over many years by a number of talented individuals but Karl Benz of Mannheim in Germany is normally credited as the Inventor of the Motor Car. In the autumn of 1885, his three-wheeled vehicle became the first successful petrol-engined car. He was awarded a patent for it on 29 January 1886, and became the first motor manufacturer in 1888 with his Modell 3 Benz. In 1886, Gottlieb Daimler and his protégé Wilhelm Maybach built the first successful four-wheeled petrol-driven car at Bad Cannstatt. The Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft was established four years later in 1890. On 1 July 1926 Benz and Daimler merged to become Daimler-Benz AG and its products Mercedes-Benz. Fredrick William Bremer, a plumber and gas fitter, built the first British four-wheeled petrol-engined motor car. Starting work in 1892, when he was 20, the still incomplete car made its first run on a public highway in December 1894. What was the first motor car to run on the British Highway? There are a number of claims and counter claims for the first motor car to appear on the road in Britain. Frederick William Bremer of Walthamstow is believed to have had a four-wheeled car running in late 1894. Both he and James D. Roots may have independently built motorised tricycles as early as 1892. Roots certainly had one powered by an oil engine running on the road in early 1896. Another theory is that the first motor car to run on the British highway was a 2hp Benz Velo imported by Henry Hewetson in November 1894, although some believe this may have actually been in 1895. The Hon. Evelyn Ellis certainly imported a Panhard et Levassor into Britain in June 1895. By the end of 1895, following further importations, it was estimated that there were 14 or 15 cars on Britain’s roads, a figure which had increased dramatically by 1900 to approximately seven or eight hundred! The million mark for private cars was reached in Britain in 1930, with 10 million in 1967. John Henry Knight of Farnham, Surrey was an engineer and enthusiastic inventor with a keen interest in photography and locomotion. With the help of engineer George Parfitt, in 1895 he created the first purpose-built, petrol-driven, three-wheeled car to be run on the roads of Britain. In order to improve stability a fourth wheel was added the following year. This pioneering British car is on display at the National Motor Museum. Cycle makers Charles and Walter Santler of Malvern Link, Worcestershire built a steam car in 1889 which was subsequently fitted with a single cylinder gas engine and then rebuilt again with a single cylinder ‘petrol’ engine in 1894. Santlers went on to build several other cars between 1897 and 1913 when they launched a range of light cars for general sale. Frederick Lanchester started work on a four-wheeled petrol car in 1895 which was successfully tested on the road in early 1896. The Lanchester Engine Co. commenced building production cars in 1899. When was the word petrol first used? The term petrol was not used until 1896, when it was patented by Messrs Carless, Capel & Leonard of Hackney Wick. When were windscreen wipers first used? There are various claims for the first windscreen wipers. Some sources say that they were first used in France in 1907. British photographer Gladstone Adams is said to have had the idea for wipers whilst driving his Daracq home to Newcastle after watching the 1908 FA Cup Final at Crystal Palace (his team Newcastle United had lost 3 – 1 to Wolverhampton Wanderers). He patented his design in 1911. Various motoring magazine pictures show Prince Henry of Prussia in a car with simple up and down squeegee type wiper fitted to the windscreen in 1909. In 1919 (some sources


How is musician William Lee Conley better known?

Big Bill Broonzy, Blues Musician from Scott Mississippi William Lee Conley Broonzy: A Biography By Anton Duck (SHS) Anton Duck (SHS Researcher) William Lee Conley Broonzy, one of the masters of country blues, was born in Scott, Mississippi, on June 26, 1893.  However, one source says Broonzy had a twin sister name Lannie Broonzy, who says  she has proof that she was born in 1898, on June 26. This information would have proved that Broonzy was five years younger than he pretended. Big Bill was the son of Frank Broonzy and Mittie Belcher, who had seventeen other children (Bruynoghe 9).  During this time period, many black men added years to their age either to get a job or join the military, so the exact date of Broonzy’s  birth is not clear (Barnwell 317). Broonzy’s life as a child was hard because he received only minimal schooling. He had to quit school to help his sharecropping family around the house. Before he moved to Arkansas, Broonzy learned how to play the fiddle from his uncle Jerry Belcher. At the age of fourteen, he started working for tips at country dances, picnics, and he played for the church (Broonzy). During the years 1912-1917, Broonzy worked part time as a preacher and violinist. Then Broonzy served in the US Army during World War I. After his discharge, he returned back to Arkansas. This is the time when he decided that farming was not what he wanted to do for the rest of his life. He wanted to make his living as a guitar player and singer. In 1924, Broonzy moved to Chicago to start his music career  partly because of all the racism that was happening in the South. Under the guidance of Papa Charlie Jackson, Broonzy learned how to play the guitar. In the 1930’s Broonzy became known as one of the major artists on the Chicago Blues scene. During this time he performed with other top blues artist in Chicago– like Memphis Minnie, Tampa Red, Jazz Gillum, Lonnie Johnson, and John Lee “Sonny Boy” Williamson. Also, while trying to make it in the music business, he worked as a janitor and maintenance man (Big Bill Broonzy). In 1938 Broonzy performed at John Hammond’s famous Spiritual and Swing concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City. This was the first time that he had ever performed in front of a white audience. After the concert,  people started calling him “Big Bill” Broonzy.  At this time Broonzy received  newfound fame as the father of Chicago blues.(Broonzy). He was one of the best known blues players and recorded over 260 blues songs including Feelin’ Low Down, Remember Big Bill, Make Me Getaway, and Big Bill Broonzy Sings Country Blues (Brewer 15).  His recording career spanned five long decades  as he traveled from Mississippi to Chicago and even to Europe, where he became well-known.  There are forty-two of his albums still available (Cox 113). After the arrival of artists like Muddy Waters and the playing of the electric guitar, Broonzy’s  brand of blues was pushed aside. Rather than retire, he changed his style of music to folk blues. In 1951, Broonzy toured Europe where he performed standard blues, traditional folk tunes, and spirituals to appreciative audiences. The following year Broonzy returned to Europe with pianist Blind John Davis. He opened the doors for other American blues artists to tour there as well.  In 1955, with the help of writer Yannick Bruynoghe, he told the story of his life in the book Big Bill Broonzy. This book was originally published in London. Big Bill Broonzy’s  book was one of the first autobiographies by a blues man (Big Bill Broonzy). In 1957, William Lee Conley Broonzy was diagnosed with throat cancer. He continued to perform, although he had with great pain, until he died of throat cancer on August 15, 1958. In 1980, he was inducted into the Blues Foundation’s Hall of Fame (Cox 113). 1893 Born in Scott, Mississippi, on June 26 1899 learned how to play the fiddle 1905 Started playing for the church, picnics, country dances moved to Arkansas


stumbleupon More StatsView More About Joan Rivers Joan Alexandra Molinsky, better known by her professional name Joan Rivers has an estimated net worth of $150 million. Rivers is an American television personality, comedian, writer, film director, and actress.  As a young adult she studied anthropology at Connecticut College and held down low paying jobs from working as a tour guide instructor and sales consultant for a department store. Rivers is known for funny and highly controversial humor. From the start her first role was daring, as she played the role of a lesbian lover to Barbara Streisand, in a a short-run play, Driftwood. Later in the 60’s she focused on stand-up comedy. Her first television appearance was on the Tonight Show hosted by Jack Paar. Before long, she was hosting the show along with Saturday Night Live and the Ed Sullivan Show. She has since gone on to own and host her own television talk shows. Rivers has written several books, and acted in several movies and television shows, she is currently starring in her online talk show In Bed with Joan. Earnings & Financial Data The below financial data is gathered and compiled by TheRichest analysts team to give you a better understanding of Joan Rivers's net worth by breaking down the most relevant financial events such as yearly salaries, contracts, earn outs, endorsements, stock ownership and much more. ?


In which branch of the arts is Patricia Neary famous?

Edward Villella - Division of Cultural Affairs - Florida Department of State Division of Cultural Affairs Inducted in 1997 Biography Edward Villella is generally regarded as America's most celebrated male dancer.  During his career with the New York City Ballet, his supreme artistry–marked by grace, athleticism and virility–helped popularize the role of men in dance.  The great choreographer George Balanchine used him to create role after magnificent role, including perhaps his most famous in the cast of Balanchine's 1929 masterpiece, The Prodigal Son. Villella was born in the Bayside neighborhood of Queens, New York, in 1936.  At age 10, he enrolled in the School of American Ballet.  But at the urging of his father, in college (the New York Maritime Academy), Villella pursued a degree in marine transportation while also lettering in baseball and becoming a championship welterweight boxer.  His love of dance, however, never waned, and while in college he also became a member of the New York City Ballet.  After graduating in 1959, he rejoined the School of American Ballet, and soon was well on his way toward becoming the leading male star in American dance.  As a favorite of Balanchine's, he won fame with lead roles in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Tarantella, Jewels and Prodigal Son. Villella went on to become the first male American dancer to appear with the Royal Danish Ballet and the first American in history–male or female–to be invited to dance an encore at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.  He danced for four sitting presidents, including a performance at the inauguration of John F. Kennedy.  By the late 1960s, Villella had become a familiar figure in television productions, with rave reviews for performances in Brigadoon, The Nutcracker and even the Ed Sullivan Show.   In the early 1970s, he appeared as himself in an episode of The Odd Couple, starring Tony Randall and Jack Klugman.  In a performance for President Gerald Ford at the White House in 1975, Villella suffered an injury that ended his career as a performer.  Throughout his retirement from the stage, Villella has led an energetic and creative career as artistic director to ballet companies in New Jersey, Oklahoma and elsewhere.  In 1986 he became founding director for the Miami City Ballet and since then has guided the company to worldwide acclaim.  He still serves as the ballet's artistic director and executive officer. In recognition of his lifetime achievements in the arts, in 1997 President Bill Clinton awarded Villella a National Medal of Arts.  In 2009, he was inducted into the National Museum of Dance C.V. Whitney Hall of Fame.  His autobiography, Prodigal Son:  Dancing for Balanchine in a World of Pain and Magic, was reissued by the University of Pittsburgh Press in 1998.  Villella's wife, Linda, is director of the Miami City Ballet School. Related Links


Which country is Europe's largest silk producer?

Silk in World Markets SILK IN WORLD MARKETS © International Trade Centre, International Trade Forum - Issue 1/1999 Japan is the world's leading silk consumer. Silk has a miniscule percentage of the global textile fibre market-less than 0.2%. This figure, however, is misleading, since the actual trading value of silk and silk products is much more impressive. This is a multibillion dollar trade, with a unit price for raw silk roughly twenty times that of raw cotton. (The precise global value is difficult to assess, since reliable data on finished silk products is lacking in most importing countries.) To give an idea of the value, however, the annual turnover of the China National Silk Import and Export Corporation alone is US$ 2-2.5 billion. Unlike some other textiles, silk-wearing traditions and demand go back a long way. A good example is India, where the local demand greatly exceeds supply (and hampers export growth). India has thus become the largest importer of raw silk, despite the fact that it is now the second largest producer. Some other silk producers are also experiencing fast-growing local demand, such as China, where consumers are increasingly able to afford the lower price range silk products. This pattern is also expected to repeat itself in Viet Nam. Italy and France Raw silk importers, high-quality processors Italy has been traditionally the largest importer, processor and exporter of silk products in Europe. In 1997, Italy imported some 3200 tons of raw silk and over 700 tons of silk yarn, primarily from China. Italy also imported about 300 tons of ladies' blouses, of which over 80% came from China. Silk garment imports, however, have drastically gone down over the last five years. (In 1992, the country imported more than 700 tons of ladies' blouses.) Italy is well-known for highly developed skills in silk processing (finishing, dyeing and printing silk fabrics). Exports of silk scarves rose by about 15% between from 1996 to 1997, to 586 tons. Exports of silk neckties reached 1230 tons the same year. France is another country with a considerable silk processing industry. For centuries, Lyon has produced silk fabrics of the highest quality for domestic consumption and for export. More than 70% of silk fabrics in the French market have been traditionally used for clothing. There are signs that silk may have a growing market also for interior decoration use as curtains, wall covers, bed spreads and upholstery. France exports top quality silk fabrics to the US market, with unit prices reaching US$ 30 per m2. United States Emphasis on easy-care fabrics The US market is one of the world's largest, and imports include garments, interior decoration fabrics and accessories. Silk processing capacity is virtually nonexistent. Imports of silk goods were valued at about US$ 2 billion in 1997; 10% was for home furnishing. Unlike European consumers, US consumers do not have a long tradition of using silk. Silk therefore has never had the same aura as in Europe. The United States has been a pioneer market for imported Chinese knitted silk products, initially mainly thermal underwear, and now also elegant casuals in the form of T-shirts, polo neck sweaters, etc. Easy care is a "must" in the United States, so it is important to develop fabrics with easy-care properties to compete with other fibres. Germany Europe's largest silk market, quality-conscious, receptive to "green" marketing Germany is by far the largest European market for textiles and clothing, including silk. The German consumer favours natural fibres. Germany has been importing a variety of silk garments, accessories (particularly silk cushion covers) and interior decoration fabrics. Silk garments are imported mainly from China. India and Thailand have been relatively successful in this market with their handloom silk products for home furnishing. The market is quality-conscious and prepared to pay a premium for good quality. Japan Leading Consumer Traditionally the largest silk consumer, Japan in the 1960s relied entirely on local silk production, mostly fo


Untitled Document VS-300A NX 28996 in Forward flight with Igor Sikorsky at the controls Background   Igor Sikorsky dreamed of building a helicopter from his youth.  In 1931, he applied for a patent for a single main rotor helicopter which included nearly every feature that would be incorporated in the VS-300.  By 1938, technology had caught up with his dream.  When he was summoned to United Aircraft Headquarters in Hartford, Connecticut to be told that the Sikorsky Division which at that time was building fixed-wing aircraft was being shut down due to a lack of business, he requested that he be allowed to keep his design team together to design a helicopter.  His request was granted along with an initial $30,000 budget.  The VS-300 was America’s first practical helicopter.  It was also the first successful helicopter in the world with a single main rotor and a torque compensating tail rotor     Sketch of a single main rotor helicopter submitted for a Patent in1931which was granted in 1935.    Some preliminary helicopter design work had already been done by Igor Sikorsky, who was the Engineering Manager, and his associates “off the clock” and they were ready to start work.  The basic VS-300 helicopter looked very similar to the 1930 design. The VS-300 was designed in the spring of 1939 and built that summer.   VS-300 under construction September 8, 1939     The first flight version of the VS-300 included a 28 foot diameter main rotor and a 75 hp Lycoming engine.  A 40” single blade tail rotor and rigid 4 wheel landing gear with a full swiveling nose and tail wheels were installed. The VS-300 featured full cyclic main rotor control (pitch and roll) and a single pedal tail rotor control (yaw). Vertical control was provided by a large wheel to the right of the pilot.  The first flight on September 14, 1939 by Igor Sikorsky lasted approximately 10 seconds to a height of a few inches.  The helicopter was tethered to a heavy plate by four cables which allowed the helicopter to move in all directions by dragging the plate.  A ground crew was always present to stabilize the helicopter if the pilot lost control to prevent a roll over.  No helicopter flight training was available, so Igor Sikorsky got “On the Job” training learning with each additional flight.  The design team was not familiar with the fact that a spinning rotor had gyroscopic properties (precession) which required an input 90 degrees in rotation before it became effective.  The VS-300 therefore rolled left when the cyclic stick was pushed forward. The initial pilots, Igor Sikorsky and Serge Gluhareff, had no idea whether the control problems were caused by the helicopter design or pilot technique.   The VS-300 in a stable hover on November 24, 1939   Changes to the helicopter were made after every flying day by the Night Crew. Obvious changes since the first flight in the above photo are outrigger main landing gear with full swiveling wheels, the tail wheel moved aft, and dampers have been added to the flapping hinge on the main rotor Flight of the VS-300 continued with each flight a little longer than the last as the pilots adjusted to this unruly machine until December 9, 1939 when a gust of wind tipped over the VS-300 grinding the rotors into the ground and causing major damage to the VS-300.  This ended the career of the First Configuration.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ux8dBNX-rGM   The VS-300 was completely redesigned and rebuilt.  A decision was made to abandon cyclic control of the main rotor and adapt a design suggested by I.A. Sikorsky, a draftsman and mathematician, and Michael Buivid, the Chief Engineer, which locked out cyclic control and replace it with two additional horizontal tail rotors. Collective pitch control for vertical control was left on the main rotor.  Prior to flight testing of the second configuration, the helicopter was mounted on a pedestal and operated without the main rotor blades installed.  This allowed fine tuning of the new control system and allowed the pilots to become


At which university did Joseph Goebbels become a doctor of philosophy?

Goebbels - MISS DUERDIN   MISS DUERDIN Goerring Joseph Goebbels Joseph Goebbels was born in 1897 and died in 1945. Goebbels was  Hitler’s  Minister of  Propaganda  and one of the most important and influential people in  Nazi Germany . Goebbels was born in the Rhineland and he attended Heidelberg University where he was became a Doctor of Philosophy in 1920. He had not served in the German Army during the  First World War  as he was disabled by a clubbed foot which meant he found it difficult to walk (Hitler ordered him to disguise this). This feeling of inferiority (Goebbels was self-conscious about his lack of height as well), his rejection by the German Army and the terms of the  Treaty of Versailles  lead to Goebbels becoming a very bitter man in the early 1920’s. He joined the Nazi Party towards the end of 1924 to keep his parents happy. Goebbels was given the task of building up Nazi support in Berlin. He did this between 1926 and 1930. In 1928, he was elected to the Reichstag (the German Parliament, so he was a bit like an MP) – something that he repeated in 1930.  To start with Goebbels didn't like Hitler. It was only after 1926 that he changed his mind. After this he was dedicated and their relationship was a close one - this allowed Goebbels to influence others more. In 1929, he had been given overall charge of the party’s propaganda machine. It was here that Goebbels excelled. In 1933, after Hitler was appointed Chancellor, Goebbels was appointed Minister of Enlightenment and Propaganda. He held this post until 1945. His sharp tongue made him enemies within the Nazi Party where some called him the “Poison Dwarf”. However, except for issues involving his marriage, he had Hitler’s support. Goebbels was a womaniser and his wife wanted to divorce him after one affair too many. Hitler refused to give his permission for a divorce as he had spent much time telling the German people about he importance of family values. Instead Goebbels was told by Hitler to change his ways. Goebbels knew the power of controlling what people thought. He used lots of brand new (at the time) techniques for his propaganda, such as colour film – rarely used by politicians elsewhere as it was considered too unreliable. Films such as “The Eternal Jew” (a black and white film) hammered home the  anti-Semitic  (anti-Jewish) message of the party. Another film; “Triumph of the Will” portrayed the might of Hitler and Germany. He was vital in Hitler becoming Chancellor in 1933 as his propaganda convinced the German people that the Hitler and the Nazis could save them from the Depression. He also blamed the Jews again at this point, so it was quite early on that we can see the origins of the Holocaust. His policies and propaganda were so appealing at this stage that the Nazis didn't have to use much terror. Their policies were just too appealing to desperate people (however opposition did still exist.) It also wasn't just films that Goebbels used for propaganda, he also used; newspapers, radio, public holidays, rallies, books, theatre, music and The Olympics. He would use these all the way through to the end of the Second World War, along with censorship. During the  War , it was easy for Goebbels to persuade the public that things were going well when the war was going Germany’s way. However, this became a lot more difficult after the Battle of Stalingrad. This was portrayed on film as a failing of generals on the eastern front not showing enough commitment to the Nazi cause. Goebbels demanded “total war” from the Germans and in 1944, he was appointed Reich Commissioner for Total Mobilisation. His use of propaganda continued to increase throughout the war, both to keep support and turn people against the opposition to the Nazis. As the Russians advanced on Berlin in April/May 1945, Goebbels stayed with Hitler in Hitler’s bunker. In his diary, he blamed the defeat of Germany on the German people and not Hitler. On May 1st, he gave poison to his six children and then shot his wife and then himself. He gave orders that his body should be burned. Bef


Which prince is Queen Elizabeth II's youngest son?

Queen Elizabeth II is gran again - CNN.com Queen Elizabeth II is gran again Story Highlights Prince Edward, the Queen Elizabeth II's youngest son, becomes father again Child, Queen Elizabeth II's eighth grandchild, is eighth in line to the throne Prince and wife have a daughter, Lady Louise Windsor, who was born in 2003 Next Article in World » LONDON, England (CNN) -- The wife of Prince Edward, the Queen Elizabeth II's youngest son, gave birth to a baby boy Monday, Buckingham Palace confirmed in a statement. The boy was delivered by caesarean section at Frimley Park Hospital in Surrey and weighed 6 pounds 2 ounces, the statement said. Prince Edward was with his wife -- the Countess of Wessex -- at the birth, it added. The baby boy, who has not yet been named, will be the Queen's eighth grandchild and is eighth in line to the throne. Edward, 43, and his wife Sophie, 42, already have a daughter, three-year-old Lady Louise Windsor, who was born four weeks premature in 2003. Sophie had suffered a life-threatening ectopic pregnancy in 2001 before becoming pregnant with Lady Louise. The couple married in June 1999 after they met at a tennis event six years earlier. E-mail to a friend


When did the founder of Jehovah's Witnesses say the world would end?

Predictions of the end of the world by Jehovah's Witnesses after 1975 Sponsored link: Will TEOTWAWKI happen in our near future? The WTS had taught that the generation that saw the events of 1914 would experience TEOTWAWKI (The end of the world as we know it). But the people who were born in 1914 or earlier are now in their mid-90s or older. They are rapidly dying out. In 1996-APR, the WTS changed their criteria for TEOTWAWKI. "They now say that the generation that saw the events of 1914 is actually any generation that understands what happened" at that time. 5 This allows an indefinite delay in the arrival of Armageddon -- for millennia if necessary. The latest estimate is 6,000 years after the creation of Eve, for   which no date can be determined with any accuracy. The Jehovah's Witnesses   are no longer setting absolute dates, but still expect that TEOTWAWKI    may happen at any time in our immediate future. In their 1995-NOV issue of the Watchtower, the WTS suggested that earlier dates for Armageddon were speculation rather than settled doctrine. In 1995-DEC, Newsweek quoted Witnesses spokesperson Bob Pevy as saying: "The end is still close. We just can't put numbers on Jesus' words." 6 The "yeartext" for 2004, published in the WTS Yearbook is: "Keep on the Watch... Prove Yourselves Ready." It is a quotation taken from Matthew 24:42-44. This yeartext is accompanied with the following remarks: "Consistently, God's Word reminds us that Jehovah's day will arrive with shocking suddenness. Hence, our yeartext for 2004 reflects Jesus' deep love for his disciples, whom he wants to preserve through 'the great tribulation.' (Rev. 7:14 ) How do we remain spiritually watchful and ready? By allowing nothing to distract us from our study of God's Word and from our privileges of sacred service." 7 The WatchTowerInformationService.org comments: "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the only chance for [personal] salvation is to actively preach the end of this world and the Kingdom of God . If they are not busy with their 'sacred service' when the 'day of Jehovah' will arrive with 'shocking suddenness' they believe that they will die with the wicked ones." That is, they will be exterminated, along with all non-Christians, and with the vast majority of Christians who are not members in good standing of the WTS. 7 Criticism of the WTS estimates: The WTS has been criticized by some conservative Christians for    having attempting to predict a precise date for Armageddon, in an apparent    violation of Matthew 24:35-36: "Heaven and earth shall pass away, but    my words shall not pass away. But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no,    not the angels of heaven, but my Father only." (KJV) However, the    criticism does not appear to be valid, as the WTS' estimates have never    involved the day and hour of the end -- only the year had been specified. References: The following information sources were used to prepare and update the above essay. The hyperlinks are not necessarily still active today. "History of the Jehovah's Witnesses," Catholic Answers, at: http://www.catholic.com/ "The Watchtower," 1976-JUL, Page 436.


The 'Titanic' Discovery: A Brief History - TIME The Titanic Discovery Send to Kindle Ralph White / CORBIS On Sept. 1, 1985, underwater explorer Robert Ballard located the world's most famous shipwreck. The Titanic lay largely intact at a depth of 12,000 ft. off the coast of St. John's, Newfoundland Follow @TIME Almost 25 years to the day after the R.M.S. Titanic was discovered two and a half miles below the surface of the Atlantic, an expedition to the ocean floor has transmitted brand new images of history's most famous shipwreck. Legendary before it was found, the Titanic became even more so after the world caught its first glance of the ghostly ship, which met its end in April 1912. After years of speculation and educated guesses that had turned up nothing but empty ocean, researchers located the deteriorating bow and debris field on Sept. 1, 1985. Explorer Robert Ballard, an oceanographer and former Navy captain, had long wanted to find the wreck, first attempting the feat in 1977 to no avail. But it wasn't until 1985 that he would find a way to finance his research. Ballard approached the U.S. Navy for funding, which he secured on the condition of locating two sunken Navy submarines  the U.S.S. Thresher and U.S.S. Scorpion, both Cold Warera nuclear submarines  lost some years before. He was required to first find the submarines on the seafloor and photograph them (a secret mission that Ballard didn't reveal until 2008) before using the underwater robots to search for the Titanic. In the early hours of Sept. 1, Ballard, in conjunction with a French expedition, tracked a debris trail to the wreckage. Video and photographs were taken and later broadcast to the world. (Read an interview with two Titanic wreck divers.) A year after the remains of the Titanic were discovered, more oceanographers went to explore the sections of bow and stern and the extensive debris field that lay between the two. In 1993, the company RMS Titanic Inc. (formed by Premier Exhibitions, which designs museum exhibitions and maintains artifacts) was named salvor-in-possession of the wreck, gaining the rights to collect found artifacts and launch expeditions to the ship. They did so seven times between 1986 and 2004, collecting over 5,500 artifacts ranging from china dishes to leather trunks filled with preserved bank notes. A section of the debris field even became known as "hell's kitchen" for the overwhelming amount of cooking utensils found there. Through photographs taken on subsequent trips, the company was able to reconstruct images of the grand staircase, later made famous (as were all things Titanic) by James Cameron's blockbuster film. The largest discovery was that of a 17-ton section of the hull. An attempt to raise it in 1996 failed when the hull was accidentally dropped back onto the muddy bottom. Two years later, the section was successfully taken to the surface and is now part of traveling exhibits across the country. The piece was temporarily displayed alongside a 16-ft. frozen aluminum block meant to represent an iceberg. Although observers couldn't touch the rusted metal, they were encouraged to hold onto the ice until they could no longer stand it, though "the people in the water that night didn't have that choice," John Zaller of Premier Exhibitions told the San Francisco Chronicle. Many argue that collecting items from the wreckage violates a sacred resting ground and that all the disturbances are causing the ship to deteriorate faster than it would if left alone. Others blame the multimillion-dollar expeditions  with their robots that land on deck and probe into small spaces  for causing regular and unnecessary damage. But those same expeditions have dispelled some of the myths surrounding what actually happened that night almost 100 years ago. Scientists recently discovered that the compartments were flooded due to several punctures (each less than a foot tall) in the hull, not one long gash as was originally believed. Regardless, time is running out for researchers, some of whom claim the wreck will not exist 50 year


Who was the only Spice Girl not to have a middle name?

MWWGHP: Spice Girls Characters Real Name: Geraldine Estelle Halliwell Born: 1972, Height: 5'2", Weight: 100 lbs. Strength: 10, Dexterity: 9, Looks: 16, Macho: 14, Health: 10 Class: Macho Woman Skills: Beat Things with Whip, Cavort About, Gambling +1, Interrogate, Know Weak Spot +1, Seduce Creature +2, Shoot Little Guns, Shoot Big Guns +1, Submission Hold, Swearing, Tie Things Down Advantages: Look Good in Armor 1 Disadvantages: Embarrassing Habit - exposes self in public, Hyperactive Hormones, Status-conscious, Topheavy MEL B, Scary Spice Real Name: Melanie Janine Brown Born: 1975, Height: 5'5", Weight: 112 lbs. Strength: 10, Dexterity: 12, Looks: 12, Macho: 16, Health: 10 Class: Barbarian Princess Skills: Cavort About +1, Hit Things Twice +1, Hit Things with Other Things, Interrogate, Know Weak Spot, Recruit Follower, Seduce Creature, Throw Things +1 Advantages: Built-in Weapon - poisoned tongue stud for lethal kisses, Deflect Bullets - with microphone, Hard Drinking, Look Good in Armor 2, Pet (Cat Str 8, Dex 12, Lks 8, Mac 10, Hlt 12) Disadvantages: Chafing, Embarrassing Habit - kisses people to show-off her pierced tongue, Hardwired, Sadistic, Status-conscious EMMA, Baby Spice Real Name: Emma Lee Bunton Born: 1976, Height: 5'2", Weight: 98 lbs. Strength: 10, Dexterity: 14, Looks: 16, Macho: 10, Health: 8 Class: BWB Skills: Cavort About +1, Grab Stuff, Hit Things, Pretend and Lie +1, Seduce Creature +2, Shoot Little Guns Advantages: Bat Wings, Fast Draw, Look Good in Armor 2 Disadvantages: Bimbo, Embarrassing Habit - prefers baby doll dresses and other non-Macho clothes, Hyperactive Hormones MEL C, Sporty Spice Real Name: Melanie Jayne Chisholm Born: 1974, Height: 5'6", Weight: 115 lbs. Strength: 13, Dexterity: 14, Looks: 10, Macho: 10, Health: 12 Class: Cyber-Clone Skills: Cavort About +2, Climb Things, Grab Stuff +1, Hit Things Really Hard +1, Shoot Little Guns +1, Sneak Around +1, Take It On the Chin Advantages: Endless Ammo, Infrared Vision, Play Dead Disadvantages: Chafing, Embarrassing Habit - always wears a track suit over anything else VICTORIA, Posh Spice Born: 1975, Height: 5'6", Weight: 115 lbs. Strength: 10, Dexterity: 14, Looks: 14, Macho: 12, Health: 10 Class: Macho Woman Skills: Beat Things with Whip, Cavort About +1, Grab Stuff, Seduce Creature +1, Shoot Big Guns, Shoot Little Guns, Shoot Two Guns +1 Advantages: Endless Ammo, Fast Draw, Supercool Disadvantages:


What are the international registration letters of a vehicle from Algeria?

Algeria Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs February 2013 Report Openness to Foreign Investment Algeria, with its population of more than 37 million, hydrocarbon wealth, expanding infrastructure needs, and growing consumer product demand, is attracting interest from companies around the world. U.S. firms continue to consider Algeria an emerging and growing market. The climate for international firms considering direct investments in Algeria has stabilized in the wake of a series of restrictive foreign investment rules enacted in 2009 and 2010, which imposed a requirement of at least 51 percent Algerian ownership of foreign investments. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Algeria waned as a result of those measures. Investors highlight regulatory uncertainty, tight foreign exchange controls, lax intellectual property rights (IPR) protections, customs delays, and a large informal sector among ongoing commercial challenges. However, the Government of Algeria (GOA) has invested more than USD 286 billion in infrastructure development, making the local market sufficiently profitable for firms adapted to emerging markets to weather those challenges and explore new opportunities, especially in sectors like energy, power, water, health, telecommunications, transportation, and agribusiness. The number of foreign trade missions to Algeria reportedly grew from 30 in 2010 to 60 in 2012, illustrating the increased focus and competition in the local market. In 2012, Algeria concluded commercial agreements with several Arab and European nations. U.S. firms, such as Northrop Grumman and General Electric won multi-million dollar tenders. President Abdelaziz Bouteflika appointed former Minister of Water Resources, Abdelmalek Sellal, as the new Prime Minister. Sellal is trusted by the political elite and viewed as a pragmatic politician who seeks new economic partnerships to tackle long-standing issues, such as housing shortages and unemployment. Algerian leadership remains focused on building domestic production capacity and reducing imports and seeks U.S. expertise and partnership. Minister of Commerce Mustapha Benbada visited the United States in December 2012 for discussions with the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative related to Algeria’s World Trade Organization (WTO) accession and cooperation under the U.S.-Algeria Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA). The signs of change are positive and Algeria’s macroeconomic outlook is stable, but vulnerabilities and challenges persist, including dependence on hydrocarbon revenue and risks posed by rising inflation. The public sector still dominates the economy and inefficient state-owned enterprises are a drag on productivity. The GOA has supported state-owned companies experiencing financial difficulties by cancelling their debts and providing investment credits and technical assistance. Such economic vulnerabilities have prodded the GOA to court FDI and reconsider the importance of private-sector development. This trend should continue through 2013. The longer-term political environment is somewhat clouded by expected presidential elections in 2014, as well as Algeria’s legalistic and bureaucratic regulatory environment and apprehension about foreign exploitation of natural resources. Third Party Indicators: 2012 152 (out of 185) Algeria wants foreign investment but has imposed protectionist policies requiring majority local ownership. In 2009, the government adopted a Complementary Finance Law (CFL) which imposed restrictions on imports and foreign investment. These measures require 51 percent Algerian ownership of new foreign investment, 30 percent Algerian ownership of foreign import companies, and the use of letters of credit for the payment of import bills. The 2010 CFL requires foreign bidders who win construction contracts to invest in a joint venture with a local partner. Another measure in the 2010 CFL gave the government the right of first refusal on sales of companies to foreigners and aimed at controlling the sale of assets to foreigners. The government has mainta


Astrology: Michael Caine, date of birth: 1933/03/14, Horoscope, Astrological Portrait, Dominant Planets, Birth Data, Biography 1st Fire sign - 1st Cardinal sign (spring equinox) - Masculine In analogy with Mars, his ruler, and the 1st House Aries governs the head. His colour is red, his stone is the heliotrope, his day is Tuesday, and his professions are businessman, policeman, sportsman, surgeon... If your sign is Aries or your Ascendant is Aries: you are courageous, frank, enthusiastic, dynamic, fast, bold, expansive, warm, impulsive, adventurous, intrepid, warlike, competitive, but also naive, domineering, self-centred, impatient, rash, thoughtless, blundering, childish, quick-tempered, daring or primitive. Some traditional associations with Aries: Countries: England, France, Germany, Denmark. Cities: Marseille, Florence, Naples, Birmingham, Wroclaw, Leicester, Capua, Verona. Animals: Rams and sheeps. Food: Leeks, hops, onions, shallots, spices. Herbs and aromatics: mustard, capers, Cayenne pepper, chilli peppers. Flowers and plants: thistles, mint, bryonies, honeysuckles. Trees: hawthorns, thorny trees and bushes. Stones, Metals and Salts: diamonds, iron, potassium phosphate. Signs: Taurus 1st Earth sign - 1st Fixed sign - Feminine In analogy with Venus, his ruler, and the 2nd House Taurus governs the neck and the throat. Her colour is green or brown, her stone is the emerald, her day is Friday, her professions are cook, artist, estate agent, banker, singer... If your sign is Taurus or your Ascendant is Taurus: you are faithful, constant, sturdy, patient, tough, persevering, strong, focused, sensual, stable, concrete, realistic, steady, loyal, robust, constructive, tenacious. You need security, but you are also stubborn, rigid, possessive, spiteful, materialistic, fixed or slow. Some traditional associations with Taurus: Countries: Switzerland, Greek islands, Ireland, Cyprus, Iran. Cities: Dublin, Palermo, Parma, Luzern, Mantua, Leipzig, Saint Louis, Ischia, Capri. Animals: bovines. Food: apples, pears, berries, corn and other cereals, grapes, artichokes, asparagus, beans. Herbs and aromatics: sorrels, spearmint, cloves. Flowers and plants: poppies, roses, digitales, violets, primroses, aquilegia, daisies. Trees: apple trees, pear trees, fig-trees, cypresses, ash trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: copper, calcium and potassium sulphate, emeralds. Signs: Gemini 1st Air sign - 1st Mutable sign - Masculine In analogy with Mercury, his ruler, and the 3rd House Gemini governs the arms, the lungs and the thorax. His colour is green or silver, his stone is the crystal, his day is Wednesday, his professions are journalist, lawyer, presenter, dancer, salesman, travel agent, teacher... If your sign is Gemini or if your Ascendant is Gemini: you are expressive, lively, adaptable, quick-witted, humorous, sparkling, playful, sociable, clever, curious, whimsical, independent, polyvalent, brainy, flexible, ingenious, imaginative, charming, fanciful but also capricious, scattered, moody, shallow, inquisitive, opportunistic, unconcerned, selfish, fragile, ironical or changeable. Some traditional associations with Gemini: Countries: Belgium, Wales, United-States, Lower Egypt, Sardinia, Armenia. Cities: London, Plymouth, Cardiff, Melbourne, San Francisco, Nuremberg, Bruges, Versailles. Animals: monkeys, butterflies, parrots, budgerigars. Food: dried fruits, chestnuts, ground-level vegetables: peas, broad beans, etc. Herbs and aromatics: aniseed, marjoram, lemon balm, cumin. Flowers and plants: lilies of the valley, lavenders, myrtle, ferns, Venus-hair-ferns, bittersweets. Trees: nut trees such as chestnut trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: agates, mercury, silicas and potashes. Signs: Cancer 1st Water sign - 2nd Cardinal sign (summer solstice) - Feminine In analogy with the Moon, her ruler, and the 4th House Cancer governs the stomach and the breast. Her colour is white or black, her stone is the moonstone, her day is Monday, her professions are catering, the hotel trade, property, antique dealer, archaeologist... If your sign is Cancer


Jules' Book Reviews: Book Review: Evening Class Jules' Book Reviews Come in, sit back with a coffee or hot chocolate, and read reviews of the books I've read. Pages Author: Maeve Binchy Pages: 520 Summary: Aiden Dunne needs his new evening class project to succeed almost as much as his pupils do. They too are lookng for something more: Bill to find a way to keep spendthrigt Lizzie at his side and Fran to make sure that young Kathy finds her way out from behind the kitchen sink. The key to their success lies with the Sinora. Her passion has drawn her from Ireland to Italy and backhome again with a burning desire to share her love of all things Itlaian - and a secret hidden in her heart. . . . My Rating: 8/10 What I liked/disliked about the book: Although it had a bit of a slow start, this book turned out to be a wonderful read. I can’t believe I’ve let the author’s books sit on my shelf for as long as I have. She is a fantastic writer, who spends time to really create concrete characters, in a wide range of ages and backgrounds, who you really learn to appreciate and watch develop throughout the books, mixed with great writing, and story, turned out to be a wonderful read for me. Once the book got moving, I found my self really enjoying the book and its characters. Although some characters bothered me, like Aiden’s family, what a miserable lot, some characters intrigued me, and I really found myself, caring about them. One of my favourite aspects of the books were how it was written, each section focused on a different character, and while that section’s character was the main focus, it still gave you information and pulled in other characters stories as well. They way the author balanced this was extremely well done - I was surprised how well it all came together, as it is broken down in multiple short stories, but it’s one continuous story as well. I also enjoyed the story as a whole, I loved how the class brought all of these people together, who wouldn’t normally come together as a group, and in some way helped them develop as people, help them stretch out to others, and enjoy a fun class. It sends a powerful message, of working towards your goals, helping your selves and helping others, but it doesn’t go overboard in that message, it’s just written it a lovely book. I loved the ending, although there was one part in near the ending that was a little, out of left field, I think the book could have been without, it was the only real part that didn’t flow well with the rest of the story. The only other complaint was the slow start. Starting with Aiden, and his miserable family, almost made me give up. His wife really is a miserable, miserable person, and having a book start out on that made for a slow start. But, other than that, a fantastic read. Would I recommend it to read: I would recommend it to read. It has a bit of a slow start, but it was a good book. An interesting and eclectic cast of characters, and a very strong message of coming together and helping the others grow, and great storytelling. I'd also recommend any of the authors books. What to read next: Sushi for Beginners, More books by the author


Which country does the airline Air Pacific come from?

Our History | Fiji Airways Procurement Our History - Six Decades of Flying to Fiji On 1st September 1951, a 7-seater De Havilland Dragon Rapide took off from the Fiji’s Nausori Airport to Drasa Airport near Lautoka, on the west coast of the main island. This first commercial flight saw the birth of what today is a truly international, Fijian airline. Together with its domestic/regional subsidiary of Pacific Sun, Fiji Airways flies over 400 flights a week to almost 15 cities in 10 countries around the world. Taking on various challenges that no airline in the global airline industry is immune from, Fiji Airways has passed various tests with flying colours, more than ably fulfilling its dual roles of flying Fiji and contributing significantly to its economy. Harold George Gatty Harold George Gatty was born to British parents in Campelltown in Tasmania on 5 January 1903 and came to settle in Fiji after World War II. He was no stranger to the island nation, as he was based in Auckland before the war as Australasia’s representative of Pan American World Airways. He joined the US Army Air Force during the war, serving first in Java before relocating to Brisbane at General Douglas McArthur’s headquarters and New Guinea after that. He returned to his Pan American job in Auckland at the end of the war and moved to settle in Fiji a few years later. Here he bought an island in Fiji’s eastern island group called Katafaga and turned it into a coconut estate. Before his Pan American job, Gatty had made his name in air navigation in the United States. Using his good sea navigation skills acquired as a cadet midshipman trainee at the Australian Naval College, Gatty invented a navigation system for pilots. In conjunction with the so called ‘Weems Curves’,Gatty devised his revolutionary ground speed and drift indicator. This allowed for navigation by dead reckoning and did away with the need to take shots from the sun or stars, and it was the forerunner of the automatic pilot, now standard equipment on virtually all commercial and military aircraft. Gatty got to use his own invention that shot him to international fame when Canadian pilot Lieutenant Harold Bromley invited him to be his navigator in his attempt to fly across the Pacific from Honshu, Japan, to Tacoma in Washington State, USA in September 1930. Fuel tank problem forced the plane back to Honshu after 1,900km of flying, and it is said that despite heavy fogs, Gatty navigated the plane by dead reckoning back to their starting point. Again he followed this up in 1931 when Wiley Post, a native American oil rigger and stuntman flew around the world in eight days. Gatty was his navigator and that feat earned the two aviators a ticker-tape welcome in New York City. As a British citizen, the US Congress awarded him the Distinguished Flying Cross. It was said that despite the accolades, Gatty declined the offer to become an American citizen. His appointment not long thereafter as Pan American World Airways representative based in Auckland brought him to the Pacific, and to Fiji. Gatty submitted a proposal to Fiji’s then Colonial Government to operate the country’s domestic airline and registered it as Katafaga Estates. The first commercial flight was one September 1st, 1951. While Gatty died on August 30th1958, his bold and visionary initiative had taken off to greater heights, and today has etched its place in Fiji’s aviation history.   The Past During the eventful 60-years, Air Pacific was also about an attempt at regionalism that almost succeeded. By the early 1970s, up to seven island governments of the Pacific, some of them still under British colonial rule then, held shares in Air Pacific. This was in addition to shares held by QANTAS, New Zealand’s TEAL and the British Overseas Airways Corporation, forerunners of Air New Zealand and British Airways respectively. But the regional airline idea fizzled as other Government’s bailed out, leaving Fiji as the majority shareholders in the airline. For a small airline, Fiji Airways has always been punching way above its weight. Early in


In which branch of the arts does Allegra Kent work?

Intersections: Allegra Kent, Balanchine's Ballerina : NPR Heard on Morning Edition Allegra Kent and partner Conrad Ludlow dance a pas de deux in Symphony in C, choreographed by Balanchine, during a 1965 performance in New York. From "Dancing for Mr. B," directed by Anne Belle/Courtesy John Belle hide caption toggle caption From "Dancing for Mr. B," directed by Anne Belle/Courtesy John Belle One of the most important choreographers of the 20th century, George Balanchine, would have been 100 years old this week. Born in Russia, he made his career in the United States, where he died in 1983. He left behind the New York City Ballet, the company he founded, along with hundreds of original ballets inspired by the unique abilities of his dancers. In a report for Intersections, a Morning Edition series on artists and their sources of inspiration, Kim Kokich talks with New York City Ballet star Allegra Kent — one of Balanchine's greatest ballerinas — about her relationship with "Mr. B." Kent was 10 when she first told her mother she wanted to be a ballerina. Soon after, she was taken to the ballet for the first time to see a performance of Night Shadow, a tale of a sleepwalking wife, choreographed by Balanchine. Kent — now in her 60s — remembers the event as a life-defining experience: "After that evening, I did believe that ballet was really what I wanted to pursue, and that ballet was the most exalted form of dance... I still feel that way." Kent joined the New York City Ballet company in 1952, at age 15. Within a few years, Balanchine began creating ballets inspired by her complexities as a dancer: her otherworldly stage presence, her innocent sensuality, her hyperactivity, her tendency to go outside technique to move in beautiful and strange ways. (In 1958, he even revived Night Shadow, renamed La Sonnambula, for Kent.) Watch Kent and Ludlow dance. (RealPlayer Required.) Kent's relationship with Balanchine exemplified his technique: Balanchine saw ways to uncover the gifts of his ballerinas that, in turn, revealed his own talents. They inspired him to challenge ballet's conventions, while he pushed them to work harder than they ever had. Balanchine acknowledged this symbiosis in a 1970s' interview with the BBC. Article continues after sponsorship Allegra Kent with George Balanchine Courtesy Bert Stern hide caption toggle caption Courtesy Bert Stern "I try to push people to a certain level that I like. I have to satisfy myself," Balanchine said. "...I look all the time, and I borrow from them. I mean, I use their bodies. I use what they are." For Kent, the relationship also proved rewarding. She enjoyed a successful 30-year career with the New York City Ballet, and now helps coach a new generation of dancers for The George Balanchine Trust. Web Extra: Extended Interview with Allegra Kent Only Available in Archive Formats.


Who had a 70s No 1 hit with Billy, Don't Be A Hero?

"Billy, Don't Be a Hero" - Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods "Billy, Don't Be a Hero" Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods ABC 11435 Billboard: #1       illy, Don't Be a Hero" was a tale about the Civil War, composed by two British songwriters. Mitch Murray had already scored a number one single in America with Freddie and the Dreamers ("I'm Telling You Now") as well as hits by Gerry and the Pacemakers ("How Do You Do It," "I Like It"). His partner Peter Callander had written for Cliff Richard, Sandie Shaw and Tom Jones, among others. After collaborating for six years, they formed their own British company in 1974, Bus Stop Records. One of the first acts signed to the label was a group from Nottingham, Paper Lace. Cincinnati, Ohio septet Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods' May 1974 No. 1 single "Billy, Don't Be a Hero" was featured on their eponymous debut LP, Bo Donaldson & The Heywoods. First charting on July 6, 1974, the album peaked at No. 97 on the Billboard Hot 200 album chart, spending a total of 16 weeks on the chart. Their chart-topping hit single, along with their follow-up No. 15 hit "Who Do You Think You Are," can be found on the 1970s Rhino Records' compilation Super Hits of the '70s: Have a Nice Day, Vol. 13. (right). Murray and Callander had half-written a song called "Billy Don't Be a Hero" when Peter's wife Connie saw Paper Lace win a talent contest on the television series The writers/producers were looking for a strong lead singer to record the story-song and contacted the group through the Opportunity Knocks production office. Paper Lace passed the audition, and Murray and Callander finished the song, adapting it for Paper Lace's style. Released in Britain on their own label, the single went to number one on March 16, 1974. While the song was climbing the British chart, Murray and Callendar were trying to make a deal for the song in the United States. They had already been disappointed with the reaction from Australia and New Zealand, where representatives of EMI had sent them a letter: "You've sent us quite a few records. This is the worst one you've sent us." Negotiations dragged on in America while "Billy, Don't Be a Hero" closed in on the top spot in the United Kingdom. By the time Chicago-based Mercury Records bought the master, it was too late. Producer Steve Barri had heard the Paper Lace version when it was offered to the label he worked for, ABC Records. Certain the song could be a hit in America, ABC Records chief Jay Lasker decided to cut a cover version. "We had signed Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods," Barri recalls. "We cut it that very night and had it out two or three days later." The Heywoods had one previous chart single, "Special Someone," released on Artie Ripp's Family label in late 1972. It made an unimpressive showing at number 64. But the Heywoods, all from Cincinnati, Ohio, had built up a tremendous following from their appearances on Dick Clark's Action '73 television show. The group got its start after keyboards and trumpet player Bo Donaldson's mother, Bea Donaldson, went to work in Clark's Cincinnati office in August, 1966. Soon the Heywoods were touring on Clark's Caravan of Stars, as the opening act for groups like the Rascals, the Raiders and Herman's Hermits. Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods' version of "Billy, Don't Be a Hero" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on April 20, 1974, just one week ahead of Paper Lace's version. Many radio stations pitted the two records against each other on the air. Once typical competition took place at WFIL in Philadelphia, where the Heywoods won in a landslide. The program director telephoned Bo Donaldson with the results. "He said he knew we had fans there, but he didn't realize they were crawling out of the woodwork." Paper Lace had to settle for a peak position of 96, while Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods spent two weeks at number one. The Heywoods had one more hit record, "Who Do You Think You Are" (number 15 in September, 1974). Paper Lace had the last laugh just two months later, with the 1940s gangster-themed tune "The Night Chicago Died." - Fred Bronso


Banting and Best pioneered the use of what?

The Discovery of Insulin The Discovery of Insulin   Before the discovery of insulin, diabetes      was a feared disease that most certainly led to death. Doctors knew      that sugar worsened the condition of diabetic patients and that the      most effective treatment was to put the patients on very strict diets where sugar intake was kept to a minimum. At best, this treatment could      buy patients a few extra years, but it never saved them. In some cases,   the harsh diets even caused patients to die of starvation. During the nineteenth century, observations of patients who died   of diabetes often showed that the pancreas was damaged. In 1869,   a German medical student, Paul Langerhans, found that within the   pancreatic tissue that produces digestive juices there were clusters   of cells whose function was unknown. Some of these cells were eventually   shown to be the insulin-producing beta cells. Later, in honor of   the person who discovered them, the cell clusters were named the   islets of Langerhans. In 1889 in Germany, physiologist Oskar Minkowski and physician Joseph   von Mering, showed that if the pancreas was removed from a dog, the   animal got diabetes. But if the duct through which the pancreatic   juices flow to the intestine was ligated - surgically tied off so   the juices couldn't reach the intestine - the dog developed minor   digestive problems but no diabetes. So it seemed that the pancreas   must have at least two functions: To produce digestive juices To produce a substance that regulates the sugar glucose This hypothetical internal secretion was the key. If a substance   could actually be isolated, the mystery of diabetes would be solved.   Progress, however, was slow.   Banting's Idea In October 1920 in Toronto, Canada, Dr. Frederick Banting, an unknown      surgeon with a bachelor's degree in medicine, had the idea that the      pancreatic digestive juices could be harmful to the secretion of the   pancreas produced by the islets of Langerhans. He therefore wanted to ligate the pancreatic ducts in order to stop   the flow of nourishment to the pancreas. This would cause the pancreas   to degenerate, making it shrink and lose its ability to secrete the   digestive juices. The cells thought to produce an antidiabetic secretion   could then be extracted from the pancreas without being harmed. Early in 1921, Banting took his idea to Professor John Macleod at   the University of Toronto, who was a leading figure in the study   of diabetes in Canada. Macleod didn't think much of Banting's theories.   Despite this, Banting managed to convince him that his idea was worth   trying. Macleod gave Banting a laboratory with a minimum of equipment   and ten dogs. Banting also got an assistant, a medical student by   the name of Charles Best. The experiment was set to start in the   summer of 1921. Banting, right, and Best, left, with one of the      diabetic dogs used in experiments with insulin. Credits: University of Toronto Archives   The Experiment Begins Banting and Best began their experiments by removing the pancreas   from a dog. This resulted in the following: It's blood sugar rose. It became thirsty, drank lots of water, and urinated more often. It became weaker and weaker. The dog had developed diabetes. Experimenting on another dog, Banting and Best surgically ligated   the pancreas, stopping the flow of nourishment, so that the pancreas   degenerated. After a while, they removed the pancreas, sliced it up, and froze   the pieces in a mixture of water and salts. When the pieces were   half frozen, they were ground up and filtered. The isolated substance   was named "isletin." The extract was injected into the diabetic dog. Its blood glucose   level dropped, and it seemed healthier and stronger. By giving the   diabetic dog a few injections a day, Banting and Best could keep   it healthy and free of symptoms. Banting and Best showed their result to Macleod, who was impressed,   but h


La Dolce Vita (1960) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error La dolce vita (original title) Not Rated | A series of stories following a week in the life of a philandering paparazzo journalist living in Rome. Director: a list of 32 titles created 12 Jun 2013 a list of 49 titles created 02 Jul 2013 a list of 46 titles created 06 Jun 2014 a list of 38 titles created 22 Jul 2014 a list of 28 titles created 11 months ago Title: La Dolce Vita (1960) 8.1/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    10 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A harried movie director retreats into his memories and fantasies. Director: Federico Fellini A care-free girl is sold to a traveling entertainer, consequently enduring physical and emotional pain along the way. Director: Federico Fellini A series of comedic and nostalgic vignettes set in a 1930s Italian coastal town. Director: Federico Fellini A waifish prostitute wanders the streets of Rome looking for true love but finds only heartbreak. Director: Federico Fellini A character study of five young men at crucial turning points in their lives in a small town in Italy. Director: Federico Fellini A small-time thief steals a car and impulsively murders a motorcycle policeman. Wanted by the authorities, he reunites with a hip American journalism student and attempts to persuade her to run away with him to Italy. Director: Jean-Luc Godard After living a life marked by coldness, an aging professor is forced to confront the emptiness of his existence. Director: Ingmar Bergman A woman disappears during a Mediterranean boating trip. During the search, her lover and her best friend become attracted to each other. Director: Michelangelo Antonioni A series of disjointed mythical tales set in first century Rome. Director: Federico Fellini A day in the life of an unfaithful married couple and their steadily deteriorating relationship. Director: Michelangelo Antonioni A fluid, unconnected and sometimes chaotic procession of scenes detailing the various people and events of life in Italy's capital. Director: Federico Fellini A mod London photographer finds something very suspicious in the shots he has taken of a mysterious beauty in a desolate park. Director: Michelangelo Antonioni Edit Storyline Journalist and man-about-town Marcello struggles to find his place in the world, torn between the allure of Rome's elite social scene and the stifling domesticity offered by his girlfriend, all the while searching for a way to become a serious writer. Written by Jeff Lewis The Sweet Life See more  » Genres: 19 April 1961 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: La Dolce Vita See more  » Filming Locations: Federico Fellini considered Burt Lancaster for the role of Marcello Rubini. See more » Goofs During the "Madonna" scene at about 1:04, the amount of tape on the reels of the recorder changes between the wide shots and the close-ups. See more » Quotes Referenced in Live!  (2007) See more » Soundtracks Toccata and Fugue in D Minor: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565 (uncredited) Written by Johann Sebastian Bach (as J.S. Bach) Performed by Alain Cuny (Biloxi, Mississippi) – See all my reviews LA DOLCE VITA presents a series of incidents in the life of Roman tabloid reporter Marcello Rubini (Marcello Mastroianni)--and although each incident is very different in content they create a portrait of an intelligent but superficial man who is gradually consumed by "the sweet life" of wealth, celebrity, and self-indulgence he reports on and which he has come to crave. Although the film seems to be making a negative statement about self-indulgence that leads to self-loathing, Fellini also gives the viewer plenty of room to act as interpreter, and he cleverly plays one theme