Medicine, crystal and stress are all very different types of what?

Crystals and Gemstones - Crystalinks Crystals and Gemstones Crystals -- In science, a crystal is a solid substance in which the atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. The word crystal is a loan from the ancient Greek word (krustallos), which had the same meaning, but according to the ancient understanding of crystal. At root it means anything congealed by freezing, such as ice. The word once referred particularly to quartz, or "rock crystal". Most metals encountered in everyday life are polycrystals. Crystals are often symmetrically intergrown to form crystal twins. Gemstones -- A gemstone or gem, also called a precious or semi-precious stone, is a piece of attractive mineral, which - when cut and polished - is used to make jewelry or other adornments. However certain rocks, (such as lapis-lazuli) and organic materials (such as amber or jet) are not minerals, but are still used for jewelry and gemstone rings, and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well. Most gemstones are hard, but some soft minerals are used in jewelry because of their lustre or other physical properties that have aesthetic value. Rarity is another characteristic that lends value to a gemstone ..... List of Famous Gemstones Turquoise Jewelry David's work harnesses the power of spiritual symbols and sacred geometry to bring those wearing them health, happiness, vitality, abundance, and above all - love.  David's jewels are meticulously crafted to work on conscious and subconscious levels to inspire people's lives.  David's Work is based on Sacred Geometry , Gemstone Jewelry , Astrology , Buddhism and other ancient cultures. To learn more visit Ka Gold Jewelry Talismans | Kabbalah | Amulets Crystals and Metaphysics Crystals are used for healing, meditation, energy work, storing information, protection, grounding, and channeling. Many have specific shapes such as crystal skulls and singing crystal bowls , used for healing, balancing, awakening, and scrying. Crystal scrying deals with the images one sees within a crystal (holograms) and how that helps them shape their destiny at a given time. These images may appear to change in time. Your mind can also project images into a quartz crystal. They vibrate to different frequencies depending on the crystal, its size and use. People are guided to a specific crystal, determined by the matrix of the person at a given time, and that of the crystal chosen. You touch it, and know it is yours - you are attuned to that crystal at that point in time. Crystals can be placed anywhere, held, or worn as jewelry. They know what they have to do. Everybody has their own method for clearing and clearing crystals. My method is easy. I rinse my crystals -> apply a bit of soft soap -> rinse again -> place them on a soft cloth to dry -> place in the sunlight for a few hours -> set them in place in my home, the location sometimes changing as guided by my soul or the crystals. Crystals are often used by healers to activate, clear, and balance the seven basic chakras . astrological signs and numerology Crystals & Gemstones - Healing Properties - Chakras Crystals vibrate to at different frequencies to enhance healing. Quartz crystals have excellent healing properties. Quartz also has the ability to transform an imbalanced energy field. When you feel stressed the crystal can balance your energies and revitalize you. Small quartz crystals left in water will ionize the water and is a good drink for healing. You can use crystals yourself to heal or find a qualified healer. Most crystal healing is guided to the healer by Spirit who will tell the healer which crystals will be most effective and the patterns the crystals should be placed on or around the person's body. The length of time used with the crystals will vary with each patient and healer. The healer must determine the person's frequency and attune it to the crystals that will create healing and balance. All healing is about placing the body in balance. Treatments will vary in l


What is the informal term for a bullet with a hollowed tip so as to increase spread and damage on impact?

Glossary of shooting terms Glossary of target shooting terms .177 (4.5 mm) ... The standard airgun calibre for international target shooting: Note that .22 airgun is not used at all for competitions shot to ISSF standards. Pellet diameter is nominally 4.5 mm, with a range of sizes in .01 mm steps to allow exact matching to specific guns for best accuracy. This is not a calibre for home bullet making as the necessary precision is too great to be achieved relatively cheaply. .22 ... A rimfire calibre, much used in target shooting and often synonymous with the term, Small-bore. It is used in International competitions over both 25 and 50 metres outdoors and 25 metres indoors. Within the UK it is shot over 25 yards indoors and 100 outdoors. It can be shot with reasonable accuracy out to 200 yards, but beyond this distance most sights do not have enough vertical adjustment to allow for longer range shooting. This is not a reloadable round. Normal diameter is .224 inch with a 40 grain unjacketed lead bullet. .22 Long ... An old round, not much used today. It has the case of the .22 Long Rifle with a 29 grain bullet. .22 Long Rifle ... The standard .22 rimfire cartridge for target rifle and pistol use. It can be loaded to supersonic muzzle velocities with light bullets, but for target shooting it is usually just subsonic with a 40 grain bullet. .22 Short ... Only used these days as a target shooting round for timed fire pistol competitions. The case is shorter than the Long and it is fitted with a 29 grain bullet. .223 (5.56 mm) ... The standard NATO small arms calibre, not used very much in the UK for long range outdoor target shooting. It is a centre fire cartridge and can be reloaded. Normal bullet diameter is .224 inch and weights range from 40 to 70 grain, with the heavier being favoured for long ranges. .38/357 ... The most popular cartridge for reloading in the UK. The two dimensions are used to distinguish between the older, low powered .38 and the Smith & Wesson uploaded .357 Magnum, introduced in 1935. The .357 cartridge case is .135 inch longer than the .38 case so as to distinguish between the two. The nominal bullet diameter of both is .357 inch and the standard bullet weights are 148 or 158 grains. 7.62 (or, 762 or, .308) ... 7.62 mm, or .308 inch is the NATO standard machine gun cartridge calibre and much used in the UK for Full-bore rifle shooting outdoors at ranges up to 1200 yards. It is a centre fire cartridge and is often reloaded. Bullets are .308 inch diameter and range from about 110 to 200 grains, with those in the 150-160 grain bracket being the most common. 9 mm ... A centre fire calibre, much used by the military in both handguns and sub-machine guns. Not much used in the past as a target round as it is not easy to download and maintain functionality in semi-automatic guns. This is less of a problem today since the ban on such guns in the UK. Even so it does not have much of a following, due possibly to its relatively short range, even in carbines. The actual bullet diameter in Imperial units is .354 inch and normally the bullets although a bit on the light side at 115 grains can also be fired from .38/357 guns. .41 Magnum ... A centre fire pistol calibre, not much used in the UK. It has a higher velocity than the .44 magnum with lighter recoil, it was introduced by Remington in 1964. Bullet diameter is .410 inch and typical weights are 180 or 200 grains. .44 Magnum ... Introduced in 1956 by Remington, probably the most widely known high powered pistol cartridge, thanks to films such as "Dirty Harry". It is a centre fire cartridge, easily reloaded and accurate at quite long ranges (up to about 300 yards, especially in a carbine). Bullet diameter is .429 inch and an average weight is 240 grains. .45 ACP ... Made famous by the gun that fired it, the M1911 Colt self-loading pistol (and also the 'Tommy Gun', or Thompson Sub-Machine Gun). It is a centre fire cartridge which itself is quite accurate at short ranges (up to 100 yards), but was originally intended for military use rather than target shoo


In the Mood and Moonlight Serenade were popular hits during the 2nd World War for which band leader's orchestra?

Glenn Miller Orchestra – History History GMO Highlights and A Short Biography 1935 – Glenn began recording under his own name for Columbia.  His instrumental ‘Solo Hop’ reached the Top 10. 1937 – Glenn organized his own touring band and signed to Brunswick records. 1938 – The group was unsuccessful, and was disbanded. 1939 – The Orchestra played at the Glen Island Casino, NY, a major swing venue, and was heard on radio. 17 Top 10 hits including ‘Sunrise Serenade’; ‘Moonlight Serenade’; ‘Wishing (Will Make It So)’. Chart-toppers:  ‘Stairway to the Stars’, ‘Moon Love’, ‘Over the Rainbow’, ‘Blue Orchids’, ‘The Man   With the Mandolin’ His ‘Moonlight Serenade’ radio series for Chesterfield aired on CBS three times a week. 1940 – ‘Tuxedo Junction’ sold 115,000 copies the first week.  ‘Pennsylvania 6-5000′ was released. 31 Top 10 hits:  ‘Careless’, ‘When You Wish Upon a Star’, ‘Imagination’, ‘Fools Rush In (Where Angels Fear to Tread)’, and ‘Blueberry Hill’; ‘The Woodpecker Son’.  ‘In the Mood’ and ‘Tuxedo Junction’ were inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame. 1941 – Another 11 Top 10 hits:  The band made the movie, Sun Valley Serenade, introducing ‘Chattanooga Choo Choo’, soon a million seller. #1 hits: ‘Song of the Volga Boatmen’, ‘You and I’, ‘Elmer’s Tune’. 1942 – 11 Top 10 hits and 3rd year as the top recording artist with ‘American Patrol’, ‘A String of Pearls’, ‘Moonlight Cocktail’, ‘Don’t Sit Under the Apple Tree (With Anyone Else but Me)’ and (I’ve Got a Gal) In Kalamazoo’ which came from Miller’s second film, ‘Orchestra Wives. The end of Miller’s dominance of popular music when he received an officer’s commission in the Army/Air Force. Glenn organized a service band, performed at military camps, and hosted a weekly radio series. 1943 – Two more Top 10 hits including #1 ‘That Old Black Magic’. 1944 – Took his band to Great Britain, performed for the troops and did radio broadcasts. On December 15th, Glenn Miller boarded a transport plane to Paris, never to be seen again. 1945 – ‘Glenn Miller’, an album of 78 rpm records, topped the newly instituted album charts and became the most successful album of the year. 1947 – ‘Glenn Miller Masterpieces, Vol. 2′ topped the album charts. 1954 – Miller was the subject of a partly fictionalized film biography, The Glenn Miller Story, starring James Stewart. 2003 – Miller posthumously received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. BIOGRAPHY “A band ought to have a sound all of its own.  It ought to have a personality.” – Glenn Miller Alton Glenn Miller was born in Clarinda, Iowa on March 1, 1904. But it was in North Platte, Nebraska, several years later that Glenn actually got his musical start when, one day, his father brought home a mandolin. Glenn promptly traded it for an old battered horn, which he practiced every chance he got. In fact his mother worried, “It got to where Pop and I used to wonder if he’d ever amount to anything.” In 1923, Miller entered the University of Colorado, although he spent more time traveling to auditions and playing where and whenever he could. After flunking three of his five courses one semester, Glenn dropped out to concentrate on his career as a professional musician. He toured with several orchestras and ended up in Los Angeles where he landed a spot in Ben Pollack’s group, a band that included a guy named Benny Goodman. Here, Miller also got the chance to write some arrangements. Arriving in New York City, he soon sent for, and married his college sweetheart, Helen Burger in 1928, and for the next three years, earned his living as a free-lance trombonist and arranger. Miller played and recorded with the likes of Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey (who on several of their records, featured an up-and-coming singer by the name of Bing Crosby), Gene Krupa, Eddie Condon and Coleman Hawkins. In addition, during that time, Glenn cut 18 sides for Goodman, and also worked for radio studio conductors like Victor Young, Carl Fenton and Jacques Renard. In 1934, Miller became the musical director of the Dorsey Band, and later went on to organize The Ray Noble Orchestra,


The fungal infection dermatophytosis is better known by what misleading name?

7 Most Misleading Animal Names 7 Most Misleading Animal Names By Laura Poppick, Live Science Contributor | October 31, 2013 10:09am ET MORE Credit: Michal Ninger | Shutterstock Deceptive names What's in a name? When it comes to animals, a variety of characteristics can be wrapped up in a common name, including where an animal lives (mountain goat), what an animal eats (anteater), the color of an animal (brown bear) or, more broadly, what an animal looks like (dragonfly). This last category, however, is where the naming scheme can become misleading. Is a dragonfly a true fly? No – it belongs to the order Odonata, along with damselflies, whereas true flies (house flies, fruit flies, etc.) belong to the order Diptera. And is a dragonfly a dragon? That's probably a more obvious "no." Here is a list of seven other imaginative but potentially misleading animal names: 2 of 9 Credit: kaschibo | Shutterstock Seahorse A seahorse might slightly resemble a horse, without the fur, and with a different kind of tail, but it is really a fish that belongs to the Syngnathidae family, along with pipefishes and leafy sea dragons. To be fair to whoever came up with the common name seahorse, it's a bit more accurate than the direct translation of the animal's Latin genus name, Hippocampus, which literally translates as "horse" (hippos-) "sea monster" (-kampos). Calling anything that only grows to be about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) long a monster is potentially more misleading than calling a fish a horse. 3 of 9 Credit: 300dpi | Shutterstock Starfish Starfish don't have scales, don't have tails and can't swim, so they are therefore not fish. Instead, the rough-skinned, multi-legged seafloor dweller is an echinoderm, related to sea urchins and sea cucumbers. Though it does at least look like a star. 4 of 9 Credit: Karel Gallas | Shutterstock Red panda Like true panda bears, red pandas spend much of their time munching on bamboo up in tree limbs. And, like true pandas, they have thumb-like appendages. But this eastern Himalayan and southwestern China-dwelling animal does not belong to the same family as the true panda, and is not a bear. They actually look and act more like raccoons. They also occupy a family all to their own, Ailuridae, and all of their closest relatives have gone extinct. 5 of 9 Credit: schankz | Shutterstock Ringworm Ringworm, also known as dermatophytosis, is not a worm at all: It is a fungal infection consisting of several different species of fungus that feeds on keratin — the substance found in hair, nails and the outer layer of skin — within humans and domesticated animals. The infection forms a ring-like pattern on skin that sort of looks like a worm burrow. 6 of 9 Credit: Kristo-Gothard Hunor | Shutterstock Guinea pig These common household pets (in the United States) and increasingly popular delicacies (in South America) have more fur and faster metabolisms than any true pig. Guinea pigs are rodents, and the only thing they share in common with true pigs is that they are mammals … and they make squeaky sounds. 7 of 9 Credit: Henk Bentlage | Shutterstock Prairie dog Like guinea pigs, prairie dogs are rodents, and have nothing more in common with domesticated dogs than guinea pigs do with true pigs. The call of the prairie dog is thought to sound like the bark of a dog, but given its small size, the tone of its bark only matches that of the smallest true dogs. 8 of 9 Credit: Erik Zandboer | Shutterstock Flying fox With wingspans reaching up to about 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) wide, these animals can grow to be as large as a fox. But they are not foxes at all — they are the largest and least studied bats in the world. More than 60 species are known to live throughout isolated islands within the Pacific and Indian oceans, and parts of continental Australia and Asia. Their brownish-red fur resembles that of a fox, but aside from that, these tree-dwelling, fruit-eating mammals have little in common with their namesakes. 9 of 9


Derived from the description of a skinned herb, what old English word means a bald-headed man?

Genealogy World - Origins and Meanings of Surnames Origins and Meanings of Surnames Abercrombie is a Scottish place name from a so-named location in Fife which was earlier called Ababcrumbach . It is derived from the Brittonic aber = confluence added to the name of a river, which was named from crom = crooked + the local suffix -ach . Abercromby is a variation. Abbott : English Occupational name for the man who lived in the house of the Abbott, or sometimes as a nickname for the sanctimonious person. Adam is an English, French, Catalan, Italian, German, Flemish/Dutch, Jewish (Ashkenazic), and Polish patronymic name derived from Hebrew adama = earth. Aitken, Aiken, Aitkin are forms generally found specifically in Scotland -- it's a diminutive form. My husband is Payam Adlparvar , Persian descent. His name originates from his grandfather, who was living in Ishkabad, Azerbyjan - Persian/Russian area. At one time he chose to return inside the official Iranian borders (the borders changed in that area quite a bit between wars), at which time he was asked to give himself a surname. Up until that time, surnames were simply based on their city or their father's name - Tehrani (of Tehran) or Hussaini (of Hussain). Payam's grandfather chose Adlparvar; Adl - from the Arabic language, meaning: Justice. And parvar- from Persian, meaning the one who nurtures. The name, therefore, means the one who nurtures Justice . Adolphus is derived from Adolph , which comes from the Germanic given name Adalwulf , and is composed of the elements adal = noble + wulf = wolf. Until the Second World War, Adolph was a common given name. Cognate forms include Ahlf, Alf (Low German); Adolfi, Adinolfi (Italian). Adolfino is an Italian diminutive form, and other patronymic versions include Ahlfs, Alfs, Adolfsson (the last being Swedish). Aichelmeyer is a compound name that likely originated in the German Lowlands, where Aichele is a diminutive form of the name which means OAK in English. Meyer is a German term for town official or steward, sometimes similar to Mayor. The name would literally be translated as "oak mayor" which doesn't make for a logical explanation. If there is Jewish heritage involved, it is likely one of the Ashkenazic ornamental names adopted when required by the government. They didn't make literal sense, but were taken because of their pleasing sound, in the same fashion as were the Swede's names. Examples: Aichenblatt (oak leaf), Aichenbaum (oak tree), Eichelberg (oak hill), Eichenholz (oak wood). Alexander : is a name common throughout the early British Isles taken from the English given name Alexander, which means "defender of men." Alarcon : is a Spanish Place name derived from Alarcon in Cuenca and Cordoba. Alarid : may be a version of the name Alard (Alar-i-d) which is a Patronymic name derived from the given name Adelard. From Old English adal =noble + hard =hardy. Another variation of the name is spelled Allard . Albright is an English variation of the surname Albert, found among the English, Low German, French, Catalan, and Hungarian cultures, from a Germanic name Albrecht, from adal = noble + behrt = bright, famous. Aubert is another English variant; Abert, Aber, Allebrach (Low German); Auber, Aubert, Aube, Aubey (French). Alford is an English place name that described an old crossing point in a stream or river, and three particular places (Surry, Somerset, and Lincolnshire). The man who emigrated from one of these locations would be known at his new residence as Alford, since people tended to point out the outsiders in their midst as an identification feature. The Surry location derived its name from Old English eald = old + ford = water crossing. The Somerset locale was named for the Old English female given name Ealddyd (from eald = old + gyd = battle). The Lincolnshire location is from Ealh = temple + ford. Allford is a variation. Alger is an English patronymic name, from the given name Alger, which comes from several places -- Germanic, Norman, and Old English -- which kind of ran together. The second syllable - ger is de


In geology, particles of what range from 0.0625mm to 2mm?

USGS OFR 2013-1003: Sea-Floor Geology in Northeastern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island, Sediments Index Click on figures for larger images Figure 19. Map showing the locations of sediment samples taken during U.S. Geological Survey cruise 2012-002-FA on the research vessel Rafael. Figure 20. Illustration showing the maximum depth that is affected by orbital wave motion, called the wave base, as it is related to wavelength. Sediment Distribution Sea-floor sediments in the study area range from sand to gravelly sediment to gravel, which includes boulders ( fig. 19 ). Sand is present in a narrow band along the coastal areas and in the deeper, offshore area along the southern edge of the study area. The majority of the sea floor in the central part of the study area is made up of gravel or gravelly sediment; bathymetry, sidescan-sonar, and bottom photography clearly indicate the presence of abundant boulders. Several bottom sample stations were planned to compare surface sediment textures in scour depressions with those on the adjacent sea floor or an erosional outlier. Stations NBIS8 and NBIS9 are about 120 m apart from one another in the southern part of the study area; NBIS8 is on the modern marine sediment surrounding the scour depression where NBIS9 is located. While both samples are classified as sand, the sample from NBIS8 is much finer grained with a mean grain size of 2.56 phi, whereas the sample from NBIS9 has a mean grain size of 0.65 phi. NBIS11, another station on an erosional outlier of modern marine sediment, has a mean grain size of 2.68 phi. Unfortunately, we could not obtain a sample from NBIS10, in a nearby scour depression, but photographs from the station show coarser grained sediment similar to that found at NBIS9. Sediments in scour depressions tend to be coarser grained than those of the Holocene sediments on the surrounding sea floor and erosional outliers. Scour depressions are present throughout Block Island and Rhode Island Sounds (McMullen and others, 2007, 2011, 2012; Poppe and others, 2011, 2012). Based on studies of wave climate showing that large waves regularly impact the sea floor of Rhode Island Sound (Thompson, 1977; Grilli and others, 2010; Ullman and Codiga, 2010) and an earlier geologic study showing evidence of wave impacts (Knebel and others, 1982), we believe these features are formed from and maintained by vertical and horizontal stresses and changing pressure fields associated with the repeated passing of large, long-period storm waves. For example, orbital motion alone can resuspend and erode the sea floor down to the wave base, a depth equal to half the wavelength ( fig. 20 ). Thus, the orbital motion from storm waves with 60-m wavelengths affects the sea floor to about 30-m depths where the deep scour depressions are within the study area. Once resuspended by storm waves, the sediment can then be transported away by the relatively weak tidal currents (Haight, 1942; White and White, 2012). The coarser areas of the sea floor also increase the water turbulence immediately above them, which probably inhibits finer grained sediment from being deposited (Murray and Thieler, 2004). Sediment Data The sediment grain-size dataset provided in this report contains information on the collection, description, and texture of sediments at the 26 stations in the study area. Sediments were sampled at only 11 of the stations due to either a coarse-grained sea floor or rough sea state that prevented a sample from being obtained. Stations where samples could not be obtained were classified based on video and still photography obtained at the station. These stations have no-data values (-9999) in the textural and statistical sections of the sediment dataset. The basic structure of the dataset is laid out in a matrix where rows represent individual samples and columns (fields) contain sample- and station-specific information. This matrix consists of 42 fields that are defined in the Data Dictionary section. In the Geographic Information System Data Catalog section, a .zip file contains the sediment d


What UK city is a person metaphorically 'sent to' when ignored or ostracized by a group?

Narcissistic Abuse: A Narcissist's Silent Treatment A Narcissist's Silent Treatment © by Gail Meyers The silent treatment is "the act of ignoring and excluding a person or group by another person or group." It is a passive-aggressive form of communication that conveys contempt, disapproval and displeasure. It can be used in virtually any relationship for a variety of reasons, but control is the core issue in the silent treatment. The silent treatment can be so destructive to relationships that John Gottman included it as one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse in relationships . In other words, it is a relationship buster. While some may use the silent treatment prior to learning more effective communication skills, chronic emotional manipulators often repeatedly use it to control, punish, test boundaries, avoid accountability and avoid even discussing unpleasant issues. This discussion of the silent treatment starts out by joining Roger S. Gil, MAMFT for a closer look at the silent treatment in the context of other relationships than those with chronic emotional manipulators. He provides the common results of the silent treatment, as well as some more effective communication skills to use in place of the silent treatment.   Cooling Off Period v. the Silent Treatment A cooling off period is not the same as the silent treatment. This can actually be healthy for a relationship when both people remain quiet for a short period of time until they are able to communicate without being hateful. Usually 20 or 30 minutes is enough time to allow any anger to subside and to gather your thoughts, but it varies from person to person. If only negativity is going to come out of your mouth, then remaining silent is not the silent treatment. It is healthy prudence. So not everyone who remains silent is trying to punish or control the other person, at least not intentionally. Some use it in order to give the other person "some time to think."  However, the belief by one party that the other person should be able to read their mind is often what leads to the silent treatment. Common results of the silent treatment: Resentment by the person remaining silent. The person not speaking is resentful because the other person can not read their mind. They believe the person should know what the problem is without them having to tell them. Resentment by the person being given the silent treatment because the other person will not tell them what the problem is even though they are making them suffer for it. Even if the problem is obvious and known by both parties, the silent treatment ensures that the communication necessary to resolve the problem will not occur. Used habitually it can cause withdrawal in the relationship during a crisis. Ensures that issues are not resolved, but causes issues to build up. So the next time there is an argument the same issues come up. Can cause anger to increase while no solution is found. Threatens the long term viability of the relationship. Healthier Alternatives to the Silent Treatment No one can read your mind, so clear communication is needed. Cool off and remain silent for a set period of time until you can communicate without overreacting or being hateful. If the issue can not be resolved in one day, then agree to another time to address the issue until it is resolved. This acknowledges that there is a problem that needs solved without attacking anyone as a person. If there can be no clear communication without anger or if you habitually use the silent treatment, then consult a professional. Next, The Social Connection provides a closer look at the silent treatment and the basic human needs it violates. Dr. Kipling Williams at the University of New South Wales has been studying the phenomenon of ostracism. He defines ostracism as "the act of ignoring and excluding an individual or a group by another individual or group." Ostracism is known by many different names and can be used while in the presence of one another or physically apart. Examples of terminology used when a person is ostraciz


Madison Avenue is an American term for what industry?

Madison Avenue and the Color Line | Jason Chambers Madison Avenue and the Color Line African Americans in the Advertising Industry Jason Chambers View table of contents and excerpt "A major contribution to the history of advertising, consumption, and African American history."—Lizabeth Cohen, author of A Consumers' Republic "The book offers perspective for those entering the industry as well as those who don't understand what all of the fuss is about."—Advertising Age "A cogent analysis of an important aspect of race relations in the US. . . . Highly recommended."—Choice "Rarely do scholars look beyond consumer-directed messages to explore the battlegrounds from which they emanate. Jason Chambers succeeds at this splendidly in analyzing African Americans' struggles with the advertising industry, both inside and outside of it, through the twentieth century."—Journal of American History Until now, most works on the history of African Americans in advertising have focused on the depiction of blacks in advertisements. As the first comprehensive examination of African American participation in the industry, Madison Avenue and the Color Line breaks new ground by examining the history of black advertising employees and agency owners. For much of the twentieth century, even as advertisers chased African American consumer dollars, the doors to most advertising agencies were firmly closed to African American professionals. Over time, black participation in the industry resulted from the combined efforts of black media, civil rights groups, black consumers, government organizations, and black advertising and marketing professionals working outside white agencies. Blacks positioned themselves for jobs within the advertising industry, especially as experts on the black consumer market, and then used their status to alter stereotypical perceptions of black consumers. By doing so, they became part of the broader effort to build an African American professional and entrepreneurial class and to challenge the negative portrayals of blacks in American culture. Using an extensive review of advertising trade journals, government documents, and organizational papers, as well as personal interviews and the advertisements themselves, Jason Chambers weaves individual biographies together with broader events in U.S. history to tell how blacks struggled to bring equality to the advertising industry. Jason Chambers Associate Professor of Advertising at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.


Which compound, from the bark of the Cinchona tree, and used in tonic water, was the first effective drug used to treat malaria?

Quinine bark - Cinchona Calisaya (Quina) 30g - TEABRASIL.com Home > Medicinal herbs > Teas and herbs >Quinine bark - Cinchona Calisaya (Quina) 30g Quinine bark - Cinchona Calisaya (Quina) 30g You must add 1 as a minimum quantity to buy this product. Availability: Warning: Last items in stock! By buying this product you can collect up to 1 loyalty point.  Your cart will total 1 point that can be converted into a voucher of BRL 0.30. Quinine bark - Cinchona Calisaya (Quina) 30g Quinine bark - Quina (Cinchona Calisaya)  30g Customers who bought this product also bought... Species: officinalis, ledgeriana, succirubra, calisaya  Synonyms: Quinaquina officinalis, Quinaquina lancifolia, Quinaquina coccinea  Common names: Quinine bark, quina, quinine, kinakina, China bark, cinchona bark, yellow cinchona, red cinchona, Peruvian bark, Jesuit's bark, quina-quina, calisaya bark, fever tree    From The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs:  QUININEHERBAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS   Other Actions Standard Dosagetreats malariarelieves painBarkkills parasiteskills bacteriaDecoction: 1/2 to 1 cupreduces feverkills fungi3 times dailyregulated heartbeatdries secretionsCapsules: 2 g twice dailystimulates digestioncalms nervesTincture: 1-2 ml twice dailykills germs  reduces spasms  kills insects  The genus Cinchona contains about forty species of trees. They grow 15-20 meters in height and produce white, pink, or yellow flowers. All cinchonas are indigenous to the eastern slopes of the Amazonian area of the Andes, where they grow from 1,500-3,000 meters in elevation on either side of the equator (from Colombia to Bolivia). They can also be found in the northern part of the Andes (on the eastern slopes of the central and western ranges). They are now widely cultivated in many tropical countries for their commercial value, although they are not indigenous to those areas. TRIBAL AND HERBAL MEDICINE USES Cinchona, or quinine bark, is one of the rainforest's most famous plants and most important discoveries. Legend has it that the name cinchona came from the countess of Chinchon, the wife of a Peruvian viceroy, who was cured of a malarial type of fever by using the bark of the cinchona tree in 1638. It was supposedly introduced to European medicine in 1640 by the countess of Chinchon, even before botanists had identified and named the species of tree. Quinine bark was first advertised for sale in England in 1658, and was made official in the British Pharmacopoeia in 1677. Physicians gave credit to the drug and, because of its effectiveness with malaria, it was recognized officially even while the identity of the tree species remained unknown. Several years after the "Countess's powder" arrived in England, it arrived in Spain. There, quinine bark was used by the Jesuits very early in its history and due to the influence of the Company of Jesus, the newly named "Jesuit's powder" became known all over Europe. When the plant was finally botanically classified almost one hundred years later in 1737, botanists still named it after the countess for her contribution. Throughout the mid-1600s to mid-1800s quinine bark was the primary treatment for malaria and it evidenced remarkable results. It was also used for fever, indigestion, mouth and throat diseases, and cancer. Natural quinine bark is still employed in herbal medicine systems around the world today. In Brazilian herbal medicine quinine bark is considered a tonic, a digestive stimulant, and fever-reducer. It is used for anemia, indigestion, gastrointestinal disorders, general fatigue, fevers, malaria and as an appetite stimulant. Other folk remedies in South America cite quinine bark as a natural remedy for cancer (breast, glands, liver, mesentery, spleen), amebic infections, heart problems, colds, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, fevers, flu, hangover, lumbago, malaria, neuralgia, pneumonia, sciatica, typhoid, and varicose veins. In European herbal medicine the bark is considered antiprotozoal, antispasmodic, antimalarial, a bitter tonic, and a fever-reducer. There it is used as an appetite stimul


In the Bible, after killing his brother Abel, Cain fled to the land of where?

Where Did Cain Get His Wife?: What About Inbreeding? Where Did Cain Get His Wife?: What About Inbreeding? Introduction Cain's Wife? After Cain was sent into exile east of Eden for  killing Abel he found a wife and built a city. Even if Cain married one of his sisters,  doesn't this produce theological and biological problems? Rich Deem The Bible indicates that Adam and Eve's first son, Cain, slew his younger  brother Abel because of jealousy over the acceptance of his brother's offering  over his own. Immediately after being banished to the east in the land of Nod,  Cain found a wife and raised a family and founded a "city" called Enoch. If Cain was the firstborn of Adam and Abel the second, then how  could Cain have found a wife and built a city? Creation of humanity The Bible describes the creation of humanity in Genesis, the first  book. According to the chapter one account, God created male and female human  beings in His image. 1 Chapter two of Genesis  goes into more detail about the creation of mankind. According to the  narrative, God created Adam, the first man, 2 then, some time later, created  Eve. 3 Adam and Eve sinned and were banished from  Eden. 4 They produced two sons, Cain and Abel. 5 Both Cain and Abel presented sacrifices to God, but Cain's was rejected, 6 because he expended a half-hearted effort. 7 So,  Cain became angry and murdered his brother in a fit of jealousy. 8 Cain is exiled God confronted Cain about the murder of Abel and banished him to the  east of Eden. The problem arises in the next verse, where suddenly Cain  is married and builds a city: Then Cain went out from the presence of the LORD, and settled in the  land of Nod, east of Eden. (Genesis 4:16) Cain had relations with his wife and she conceived, and gave birth  to Enoch; and he built a city, and called the name of the city Enoch,  after the name of his son. (Genesis 4:17) Mesopotamia The assumption seems to be that Cain and Abel were the first two children  of Adam and Eve. Although Cain does seem to be the firstborn, the text is  not clear that Abel was the second born, but only that he was the second  son. 5 Later, the narrative indicates that Adam and Eve produced "other sons and  daughters." 9 So, it is possible that Adam  and Eve produced daughters between the births of Cain and Abel. It is also  likely that others sons and daughters were produced after the birth of Abel.  We don't know how old Cain and Abel were when Cain murdered his brother,  but they seem to be at least young adults, since they are both engage in a  trade for their living. 5 The second thing one  notices is Cain's seeming paranoia about being found and revenge being taken  against his for killing Abel. 10 The only way this makes sense is if the brothers and sisters of Abel were  upset that Cain had killed their brother. Although the period of time  between the birth of Cain and the death of Abel is not given in the Bible,  it would seem that this period was probably over 100 years, since the birth  of Adam's next son, Seth is said to have occurred when Adam was 130 years  old. 11 Adam and Eve could have produced many daughters during that period of  time. Cain builds a "city" So, the Genesis narrative suggests that Cain had other brothers and  sisters when he was exiled by God. One of those sisters married Cain (or  more likely had already been married to Cain when he killed his  brother), became pregnant and gave birth to Enoch somewhere east of  Eden. The next problem that arises is the claim that Cain "built a  city." To us, in the 21st century, this evokes images of skyscrapers and  high density housing. However, the original Hebrew word, translated "city," merely had the meaning of a place that was guarded by a watch or  with a wall. 12 At its minimum, the Hebrew root referred to an encampment or post. So,  it is entirely possible that Cain could have built such a "city." Theological problems Skeptics have pointed out that the only viable solution to the  problem of Cain's wife (Ca


In which country was Osama bin Laden born?

Who Is Bin Laden? - A Biography Of Osama Bin Laden | Hunting Bin Laden | FRONTLINE | PBS Tweet Born 1957 for Syrian mother, Osama bin Laden was the seventh son among fifty brothers and sisters. Note: This document is published here exactly as in the original translated document given to FRONTLINE. No changes have been made to grammar or punctuation. His father Mohammed Awad bin Laden came to the kingdom from Hadramout (South Yemen) sometime around 1930. The father started his life as a very poor laborer (porter in Jeddah port), to end up as owner of the biggest construction company in the kingdom. During the reign of King Saud, bin Laden the father became very close to the royal family when he took the risk of building King Saud's palaces much cheaper than the cheapest bid. He impressed King Saud with his performance but he also built good relations with other members of the royal family, especially Faisal. During the Saud-Faisal conflict in the early sixties, bin Laden the father had a big role in convincing King Saud to step down in favor of Faisal. After Saud's departure the treasury was empty and bin Laden was so supportive to King Faisal that he literally paid the civil servants' wages of the whole kingdom for six months. King Faisal then issued a decree that all construction projects should go to bin Laden. Indeed, he was appointed for a period as the minister of public works. In 1969 the father took the task of rebuilding Al-Aqsa mosque after the fire incident. Interestingly the bin Laden family say that they have the credit of building all the three mosques, because later on their company took over the task of major extension in Mecca and Medina mosques. The father was fairly devoted Moslem, very humble and generous. He was so proud of the bag he used when he was a porter that he kept it as a trophy in the main reception room in his palace. The father used to insist on his sons to go and manage some projects themselves. The father had very dominating personality. He insisted to keep all his children in one premises. He had a tough discipline and observed all the children with strict religious and social code. He maintained a special daily program and obliged his children to follow. At the same time the father was entertaining with trips to the sea and desert. He dealt with his children as big men and demanded them to show confidence at young age. He was very keen not to show any difference in the treatment of his children. Osama was exposed very early on his age to this experience but he lost his father when he was 13. He married at the age of 17 to a Syrian girl who was a relative. He grew up as religiously committed boy and the early marriage was another factor of protecting him from corruption. Osama had his primary, secondary and even university education in Jeddah. He had a degree in public administration 1981 from King Abdul-Aziz university in Jeddah. Countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Syria, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Sudan are the only countries he has been to. All stories of trips to Switzerland, Philippines, and London are all unfounded. In addition to the general Islamic commitment he started forming an Islamic responsibility at early age. His father used to host hundreds of pilgrims during Hajj season from al over the world. Some of those were senior Islamic scholars or leaders of Muslim movements. This habit went on even after his father's death through his elder brothers. He used to make good contacts and relations through those gatherings. At secondary school and university he adopted the main trend of many educated Muslims at that time, Muslim Brotherhood. There was a collection of Muslim scholars in Jeddah and Mecca at that period. There was nothing extraordinary in his personality and that trend was rather very non-confrontational. Interestingly, the 1980 raid in the Grand Mosque in Mecca was not appealing to him, neither the theology or that group. He had two distinguished teachers in Islamic studies, which was a compulsory subject in the university. First was Abdul


Which metallic element is refined from Cassiterite, SnO2?

Cassiterite - definition of cassiterite by The Free Dictionary Cassiterite - definition of cassiterite by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cassiterite Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . cas·sit·er·ite  (kə-sĭt′ə-rīt′) n. A light yellow, red-brown, or black mineral, SnO2, that is an important tin ore. Also called tinstone. [French cassitérite, from Greek kassiteros, tin.] cassiterite (kəˈsɪtəˌraɪt) n (Minerals) a black or brown mineral, found in igneous rocks and hydrothermal veins. It is a source of tin. Composition: tin oxide. Formula: SnO2. Crystal structure: tetragonal. Also called: tinstone [C19: from Greek kassiteros tin] cas•sit•er•ite (kəˈsɪt əˌraɪt) n. a brown or black mineral, tin dioxide, SnO2, usu. found as fibrous masses or placer deposits; the chief ore of tin. [1855–60; < Greek kassíter(os) tin + -ite 1] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: 1. cassiterite - a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin atomic number 50 , Sn , tin - a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide mineral - solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: tinstone References in periodicals archive ? Enrichment of scandium also occurs in aluminum phosphate minerals, beryl, cassiterite, columbite, garnet, muscovite, rare-earth minerals, and wolframite. Global Scandium Market - Segmented by Product Type, End-User Industry and Geography - Trends and Forecasts (2015-2020) - Reportlinker Review Almost 30 years after the first publication, an archaeometallurgy survey has been conducted by the authors documenting the sources and occurrences of tin in Turkey; the highland tin-production model has now been extended to include the Hisarcik-Kiranardi, Kayseri Erciyes area north of the initial discovery of cassiterite reported in the Taurus range. Diversity can firm up fragile economy 5kg bag of cassiterite, dug from the ground by a local miner here and tagged by a government representative, made the Punia mine the latest in a growing number of sites indoctrinated in the iTSCi conflict-free mineral traceability and due diligence program. Thomson Resources Limited (ASX:TMZ) Quarterly Activities Report - December 2013 The term "conflict minerals" refers to several highly lucrative and commonly mined metallic ores including coltan, wolframite, and cassiterite, all of which are refined into precious metals (tantalum, tungsten, and tin, respectively) that form essential components of cell phones (Mineral Information Institute, 2010). The cell phone problem/solution The source of the low levels of Sn (10s of ppm) in the till could be rare cassiterite grains in the mineralization, though no cassiterite or any other Sn-bearing minerals have been seen in the Sisson deposit rocks used in this study or in any other studies of the deposit.


A cachalot - an old French word for tooth - is better known as what creature, the largest living toothed animal?

TrekNature | Whale of a Tail Photo [ Note Guidelines ] Photographer's Note I took this shot of a diving Sperm Whale on my trip to New Zealand at Christmas. It was hand-held using my 300mm 2.8 + 1.4x converter. The sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is the largest of all toothed whales and is the largest toothed animal alive, with adult males measuring up to 20.5 m (67 ft) long. The whale was named after the milky-white waxy substance, spermaceti, found in its head and originally mistaken for sperm. The sperm whale's enormous head and distinctive shape, as well as its central role in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, have led many to describe it as the archetypal whale. Partly because of Melville, the sperm whale is commonly associated with the Leviathan of the Bible. The fearsome reputation perpetuated by Melville was based on bull whales ability to fiercely defend themselves from attacks by early whalers, sometimes resulting in the destruction of the whaling ships. Historically the sperm whale has also been known as the common cachalot. The word cachalot is originally Portuguese (cachalote), probably coming from cachola, a colloquial term for head. Sperm whales were hunted until recently in the Portuguese Atlantic archipelago of the Azores. The sperm whale is also the state animal of Connecticut. The sperm whale is exceptional for its very large head, particularly in males, which is typically one-third of the animal's length. Indeed, the species name macrocephalus is derived from the Greek for "big head". In contrast to the smooth skin of most other large whales, the skin on the back of the sperm whale is usually knobbly and has been likened to a prune by whale-watching enthusiasts. They are uniformly grey in colour, though they may appear brown in sunlight; white albino whales have also been reported. The brain of the sperm whale is the largest and heaviest known of any modern or extinct animal (weighing on average 7 kg (15 lb) in a grown male. However, the brain is not large relative to body size. The blowhole is situated very close to the front of the head and shifted to the whale's left. This gives rise to a distinctive bushy blow angled forward. The sperm whale has no true dorsal fin, instead a series of ridges are present on the caudal third of the back. The largest was called the 'hump' by whalers and is commonly mistaken for a dorsal fin because of its shape. Sperm whales are a prime example of a species that has been K-selected, a reproductive strategy associated with very stable environmental conditions that is characterized by a low birth rate, significant parental aid to offspring, slow maturation and high longevity. Females give birth once every four to six years, and the gestation period is at least 12 months and possibly as long as 18 months. Nursing takes place for two to three years. In males, puberty lasts for about ten years between the ages of about 10 and 20. Males continue to grow into their 30s and 40s and only reach their full size when about 50 years old. Sperm whales live for up to 80 years. The sperm whale holds some natural world records: 1. Largest known toothed mammal ever. 2. Largest brain of any living creature on Earth. The brain of a mature sperm whale weighs 7 kg (15 pounds), though there have been specimens with 9 kg (20 pound) brains. 3. Largest living carnivore on Earth. 4. Deepest diving mammal (found at depths of 2,200 meters (7,200 ft) and can hold its breath for up to 2 hours. 5. Loudest animal in the world. Sperm whale clicks have a source level exceeding 230 dB re 1 micropascal referenced to a distance of 1 metre. In 1820, a sperm whale estimated to be about 25.9 m (85 ft) long attacked a Nantucket whaling ship Essex. Only 8 out of the 20 sailors managed to survive and be rescued by other ships.


Created by the Hoover Dam, what is the largest manmade lake/reservoir in the US?

Hoover Dam Deluxe Tour with Lunch - Las Vegas | Expedia Hoover Dam Deluxe Tour with Lunch by Gray Line - Las Vegas Duration 7h Free cancellation Cancellation Policy You can cancel free of charge until 48 hours before your reservation starts. After that time, no cancellations, changes or refunds will be made. No booking or credit card fees Mobile Voucher Accepted per traveler Price was {0} Discount price is $82 $82 Check Availability Previous image, 4 total items. Next image, 4 total items. Amazing! 4.1/5 Expedia Guest Rating Get a VIP look at Hoover Dam and explore the inside of this engineering marvel. Relax during a comfortable ride on an air-conditioned coach with reclining seats, snap a photo of the Welcome to Las Vegas sign, visit renowned Ethel M. Chocolate Factory, and get a chance to stand on top of Hoover Dam. With pickup at most hotels on the Strip and in the downtown area, this tour starts with a photo stop at the iconic Welcome to Las Vegas sign. Next, visit the Ethel M. Chocolate Factory in Henderson and make sure to walk through their viewing aisle. You might just catch chocolatiers and machines creating the beloved Ethel M. Chocolates. Listen to commentary from your professional guide while you enjoy a ride on a luxury motorcoach with airline-style reclining seats, foot rests, air conditioning, a restroom, and large viewing windows. Once you arrive at Hoover Dam, explore the inside of this manmade engineering wonder. One of the biggest government projects of its time, Hoover Dam was completed on time and under budget. As you explore, learn how Hoover Dam created Lake Mead, the largest manmade lake in the Western Hemisphere. Don’t miss your chance to stand on top of this remarkable structure, often called one of the 7 Manmade Wonders of the World. Get a VIP look at Hoover Dam and explore the inside of this engineering marvel. Relax during a comfortable ride on an air-conditioned coach with reclining seats, snap a photo of the Welcome to Las Vegas sign, visit renowned Ethel M. Chocolate Factory, and get a chance to stand on top of Hoover Dam. With pickup at most hotels on the Strip and in the downtown area, this tour starts with a photo stop at the iconic Welcome to Las Vegas sign. Next, visit the Ethel M. Chocolate Factory in Henderson and make sure to walk through their viewing aisle. You might just catch chocolatiers and machines creating the beloved Ethel M. Chocolates. Listen to commentary from your professional guide while you enjoy a ride on a luxury motorcoach with airline-style reclining seats, foot rests, air conditioning, a restroom, and large viewing windows. Once you arrive at Hoover Dam, explore the inside of this manmade engineering wonder. One of the biggest government projects of its time, Hoover Dam was completed on time and under budget. As you explore, learn how Hoover Dam created Lake Mead, the largest manmade lake in the Western Hemisphere. Don’t miss your chance to stand on top of this remarkable structure, often called one of the 7 Manmade Wonders of the World.


In geometry and mathematics, what is an angle of less than 90 degrees?

Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right Angles An angle measures the amount of turn Names of Angles As the Angle Increases, the Name Changes: Type of Angle an angle that is greater than 90° but less          than 180° an angle that is greater than 180° Try It Yourself: This diagram might make it easier to remember: Also: Acute, Obtuse and Reflex are in alphabetical order.   Also: the letter "A" has an acute angle. Be Careful What You Measure This is an Obtuse Angle And this is a Reflex Angle   But the lines are the same ... so when naming the angles make sure that you know which angle is being        asked for! Positive and Negative Angles When measuring from a line: a positive angle goes counterclockwise (opposite direction that clocks go) a negative angle goes clockwise Example: −67° The corner point of an angle is called the vertex And the two straight sides are called arms The angle is the amount of turn between each arm.   How to Label Angles There are two main ways to label angles: 1. give the angle a name, usually a lower-case letter like a or b, or sometimes a Greek letter like α (alpha) or θ (theta) 2. or by the three letters on the shape that define the angle, with the middle letter being where the angle actually is (its vertex). Example angle "a" is "BAC", and angle "θ" is "BCD"


Greek jeweller Sotirio Voulgaris founded which luxury goods brand, noted for its capitalized branding including Latin-style V for a U?

Sotirio Bulgari | ZoomInfo.com Sotirio Bulgari + Get 10 Free Contacts a Month Please agree to the terms and conditions I agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy . I understand that I will receive a subscription to ZoomInfo Grow at no charge in exchange for downloading and installing the ZoomInfo Contact Contributor utility which, among other features, involves sharing my business contacts as well as headers and signature blocks from emails that I receive. Web References (22 Total References) Some womens prefect LV purse : ... www.iwesi.com [cached] Some womens prefect LV purse : more or less with virtually no difficulty nobel feeling,Bulgari and the emblem of Save the Children on outer ring and inside track respectively. ... Bvlgari supported the large children education charity project "Change Future" initiated by "Save the Children" and created this silver ring to pay tribute to Sotirio Bulgari who began as a silversmith, Google does index anything publicly for Google+"One thing you will do well to keep in mind is that "Google+ is Google, But recently, developments and function,worry. and the shoes of the turkey by clicking on the specific parts. Art Jewelry - B - Metalcyberspace collection of artists erstwhilejewelry.com [cached] The firm of Bulgari was founded by Sotirio Bulgari, who was born in 1857 in Greece and was a descendant of silversmiths. In 1879, first shop in the Via Sistina and then in 1905, he moved to the Via dei Condotti. Upon Sotirio's death in 1932, his sons, Giorgio and Costantino took over the business. They are credited with creating the highly distinctive "Bulgari" style, inspired by Greek and Roman classicism, the Italian Renaissance, and the 19th century Roman school of goldsmiths. The 1970s marked the beginning of Bulgari's international expansion with the opening of stores in New York (the first overseas), Paris, Geneva, and Monte Carlo, building towards the over 155 stores open today It was also in this decade that Bulgari introduced the Bulgari-Bulgari which was to become a successful watch classic. Bulgari Time was established in the early 80s in Neuchatel, Switzerland for the creation and production of all Bulgari watch lines. Sotirio Bulgari www.portero.com [cached] Sotirio Bulgari, a talented Greek silversmith from Epirus, immigrated to Italy in 1879, where, after leaving Naples, called Rome his first shop in the Via Sistina and then in 1905, he moved to the Via dei Condotti. Upon Sotirioâ€™s death in 1932, his sons Giorgio and Consantino took over the business. They are credited with creating the highly distinctive â€œBulgariâ€� style, inspired by Greek and Roman classicism, the Italian Renaissance and the 19th century Roman school of goldsmiths. The 1970s marked the beginning of Bulgariâ€™s international expansion with the opening of stores in New York (the first overseas), Paris, Geneva, and Monte Carlo, building towards the over 155 stores open today. It was also in this decade that Bulgari introduced the Bulgari-Bulgari which was to become a successful watch classic. Bulgari Time was established in the early 80â€™s in NeuchÃ¢tel, Switzerland for the creation and production of all Bulgari watch lines. Similar Profiles


Where are the Carnac Stones, the largest megalithic site of its kind anywhere, containing over 3,000 huge rocks erected by pre-Celtic people c.4,000-3,300BC?

Windows to the Universe keon(canada) how many much energy in watts do you produce per foot step? An adult human metabolism burns about 100 watts = 100 joules/sec. About 22% of that power is converted into mechanical energy, so lets say roughly 20 watts are produced while walking. A foot step takes maybe 0.5 sec of time. So I think the answer is 10 joules per foot step. March 20, 2011 frank I don't know what the "2012 riddle" is. I read that some people believe there will be a global transformation or catastrophe in 2012. Like many predictions, that one may or may not be true, but I find no scientific basis for believing it. Science is concerned with predictions that can be tested by experiment or observation. March 20, 2011 robert(oklahoma/us) Hello. Please help clarify something. A friend of mine recently told me that the brain does not cause or create thoughts, it merely processes them. According to her, the heart has neurons just like the brain, so the heart actually can think. She also asserted that there is growing evidence from cellular memory and Recalling my "Philosophy of mind" course at college, and after just a little catching-up reading , I feel safe saying that too little is known scientifically about thinking to distinguish between "creating" and "processing" thought. It seems obvious that the brain does both, so the onus on your friend is to explain what creates thought, if not the brain? Also, does merely having neurons imply a heart is thinking? A nematode worm has all its 302 neurons mapped by science, but does the worm think? May 11, 2010 joe (minisota) are you a sientist You can find information about the members of our group in our web page Windows People . May 4, 2010 Bernie I am an author and am searching for a good sourcebook that would contain information on the night sky around Denver and the adjacent plains. I personally don't know of such a book, but with Your Sky you can produce maps for any time and date, viewpoint, and observing location. Good luck! May 4, 2010 Adam (NY, USA) Will we oneday attempt to restart Mars' Core to allow mars to rebuild its ecosphere and allow us to live there? Such a project is beyond the knowledge that our civilization has reached. I would even assume that if we were able to do something similar, we would then be able to take better care of our own planet! May 4, 2010 Judith A couple of years ago someone sent me a Powerpoint presentation of the Universe, going outwards to larger views, then coming inwards down to a seed on Earth (I think). If you know of this presentation, please could you let me know the site, or put a link to it on your site? I have seen several of these presentations. I especially like this one , and this one . You can also see a "scale" presentation on our web page A Matter of Scale . April 26, 2010 Amatullah (Pennsyvania) Why do the planets have symbols? The planetary symbols, along with symbols for the Moon, Sun, and even constellations, were developed for use in astronomy and astrology, and are of very ancient origin. Early versions of the planetary symbols were already used in Bianchini's planisphere , from around the 2nd century. April 23, 2010 alice (washington) is it possible to have a thermometer shatter when it gets to hot Yes! Be careful when handly thermometers, they can shatter when the temperature rises beyond the thermometer limit. April 2, 2010 deborah (san bernardino, CA) why we can not see the planets move in a telescope. They are very far from us. But you should be able to see their change of position for day to day! April 1, 2010 Albie (India) who was the first scientist? what was his name? what did he find? Some people consider Galileo Galilei to be the first scientist because his spectacular work in the sixteenth century, but Roger Beacon already advocated experimentation in the thirteenth century (one of Bacon's books, Perspectiva (Optics) includes several experiments with all the steps of the scientific method). Yet other people consider Ibn al-Haytham (born in Basra, in what is now Iraq) in 965, to be the


How many litres (or liters) are in a cubic metre?

Cubic Meters To Liters (m3 to l) Cubic Meters To Liters Conversion How many liters in a cubic meter ? Cubic meters to liters (m3 to l) volume units conversion table shows the most common values for the quick reference. Alternatively, you may use the converter below to convert any other values. 1 Cubic Meter = 1 000 Liters Cubic meter is a metric unit and defined as a cube with sides are one meter in length. Spelled as cubic metre in europe. The abbreviations are "cu m" and "m3". Liter is volume unit which equals to 1 cubic decimeter. Commonly spelled as litre in most of the english speaking countries. It is widely used in daily life to measure the fluids. 1 liter of water has a mass about 1 kilogram. The abbreviation is "l". For other volume unit conversions, please go to Volume Conversion Converter


Which planet (in terms of its orbit) is between Saturn and Neptune?

Planet Neptune: Facts About Its Orbit, Moons & Rings Planet Neptune: Facts About Its Orbit, Moons & Rings By Charles Q. Choi, Space.com Contributor | November 25, 2014 05:14pm ET MORE Neptune’s winds travel at more than 1,500 mph, and are the fastest planetary winds in the solar system. Credit: NASA/JPL Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun. It was the first planet to get its existence predicted by mathematical calculations before it was actually seen through a telescope on Sept. 23, 1846. Irregularities in the orbit of Uranus led French astronomer Alexis Bouvard to suggest that the gravitational pull from another celestial body might be responsible. German astronomer Johann Galle then relied on subsequent calculations to help spot Neptune via telescope . Previously, astronomer Galileo Galilei sketched the planet, but he mistook it for a star due to its slow motion. In accordance with all the other planets seen in the sky, this new world was given a name from Greek and Roman mythology — Neptune, the Roman god of the sea. Physical characteristics Neptune's cloud cover has an especially vivid blue tint that is partly due to an as-yet-unidentified compound and the result of the absorption of red light by methane in the planets mostly hydrogen-helium atmosphere. Photos of Neptune reveal a blue planet, and it is often dubbed an ice giant, since it possesses a thick, slushy fluid mix of water, ammonia and methane ices under its atmosphere and is roughly 17 times Earth's mass and nearly 58 times its volume, according to a NASA fact sheet . Neptune's rocky core alone is thought to be roughly equal to Earth's mass , NASA says. Despite its great distance from the sun , which means it gets little sunlight to help warm and drive its atmosphere, Neptune's winds can reach up to 1,500 mph (2,400 kph), the fastest detected yet in the solar system . These winds were linked with a large dark storm that Voyager 2 tracked in Neptune's southern hemisphere in 1989. This oval-shaped, counterclockwise-spinning "Great Dark Spot" was large enough to contain the entire Earth, and moved westward at nearly 750 mph (1,200 kph). This storm seemed to have vanished when the Hubble Space Telescope later searched for it. Hubble has also revealed the appearance and then fading of two other Great Dark Spots over the past decade. Neptune's magnetic poles are tipped over by roughly 47 degrees compared with the poles along which it spins. As such, the planet's magnetic field, which is about 27 times more powerful than Earth's, undergoes wild swings during each rotation. By studying the cloud formations on the gas giant, scientists were able to calculate that a day on Neptune lasts just under 16 hours . Orbital characteristics Neptune's elliptical, oval-shaped orbit keeps the planet an average distance from the sun of almost 2.8 billion miles (4.5 billion kilometers), or roughly 30 times as far away as Earth, making it invisible to the naked eye. Neptune goes around the sun once roughly every 165 Earth years, and completed its first orbit, since being discovered , in 2011. Every 248 years, Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for 20 years or so, during which time it is closer to the sun than Neptune. Nevertheless, Neptune remains the farthest planet from the sun, since Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. Composition & structure Atmospheric composition (by volume): hydrogen, 80 percent; helium, 19.0 percent; methane, 1.5 percent Magnetic field: Roughly 27 times more powerful than Earth's Composition : The overall composition of Neptune is, by mass, thought to be about 25 percent rock, 60 to 70 percent ice, and 5 to 15 percent hydrogen and helium, according to Tristan Guillot, author of "Interiors of Giant Planets Inside and Outside the Solar System" in the journal Science. Internal structure: Mantle of water, ammonia and methane ices; Core of iron and magnesium-silicate Orbit & rotation Average distance from the sun: 2,795,084,800 miles (4,498,252,900 km). By comparison: 30.069 times farther than Earth Perihelion (closest approach to the sun): 2


Name the founder of psychoanalysis who wrote the The Interpretation of Dreams, and Beyond the Pleasure Principle?

SparkNotes: Sigmund Freud: Summary Sigmund Freud Context Important Terms, People, and Events On May 6, 1856, Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born in the small Moravian town of Freiberg. His parents were Jakob and Amalie Freud. Over the next six years Amalie gave birth to six more children. Sigmund was always the favorite child. Jakob's textile business failed, and in 1860, the family moved to Vienna, spending almost a year in Leipzig on the way. In Vienna, Freud was a studious and serious child. He was schooled at home, first by his mother and then by his father, and then he joined the Sperl Gymnasium, where he was at the top of his class. In 1873, Freud graduated from the Sperl Gymnasium at the early age of seventeen and started medical training at the University of Vienna. It took him eight years to receive his medical degree, in part because he was distracted by scientific research. This was especially true in the later years of his medical studies (1877–1881), when was working in the laboratory of his mentor, Ernst Brücke, on the anatomy of the brain. 1881 was a momentous year for Freud: he met Martha Bernays and became engaged to her–secretly, at first–and he finally received his medical degree. In 1882, he left Brücke's lab and took a position at the Vienna General Hospital, motivated in part by his desire to make enough money to be able to marry Martha. Over the next five years he moved from department to department at the hospital, passing through surgery and dermatology before coming to rest at Theodor Meynert's department of psychiatry. In the winter of 1885–1886, Freud went to Paris to study under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salpêtrière. He was finally married to Martha Bernays in the summer of 1886. They first married in a civil ceremony, but when they discovered that Austria (unlike Germany) would not officially recognize a nonreligious marriage, they married in a Jewish one. Over the next ten years, from 1886–1896, Freud continued to develop his private practice. By the beginning of the 1890s, his relationship with Josef Breuer, another Jewish neurologist, had flourished. The two men had collaborated on the publication of a series of case studies on their patients called Studies on Hysteria. This contained one case study by Breuer and four by Freud. The case study by Breuer, on the patient "Anna O.", is known as the first psychoanalytic case study. In it, Breuer discusses the "cathartic method" he used to cure Anna O.'s symptoms by discovering, with her help, the earlier, unconscious traumas that were associated with her symptoms. Although Freud was enthusiastic about the new method, his emphasis on the exclusively sexual causes of hysteria made his theories unpopular, not only with his superiors at the University, but also with Breuer. From 1896–1901, in a period of isolation from his colleagues, Freud developed the basics of psychoanalytic theory out of the raw material of his patients, his conversations with Breuer, and his correspondence with a new friend, the Berlin nose and throat doctor Wilhelm Fliess. In 1899, Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams, the first fully fleshed-out psychoanalytic work, was published. Freud was deeply disappointed by its lackluster reception, but he continued writing. His The Psychopathology of Everyday Life was published in 1901, and his Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality was published in 1905. In the 1900s, Freud finally emerged from the isolation that had characterized his professional life in the 1890s. He began to have weekly meetings at his house to discuss psychoanalytic theory. The group that met at his house was called the "Wednesday Psychological Society," and eventually it grew into the Vienna Psycho-Analytic Society. By 1904, Freud had begun to hear of other neurologists and psychiatrists using his techniques. He was particularly excited to hear that the well-respected Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler and one of Bleuler's staff members, Carl G. Jung, had taken an interest. Toward the end of the decade, psychoanalysi


In 1968 the Treaty of Tlatelolco was drafted by the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean to keep their region of the world free of what?

Treaty of Tlatelolco Treaty of Tlatelolco What is it?         Latin American nations drafted the treaty on February 14, 1967 in Tlatelolco, Mexico City, and it went into force on April 22, 1968.  Since then all thirty-three nations in Latin America and the Caribbean have signed it and only Cuba has not ratified it. 1   The document establishes Latin America and the Caribbean as a nuclear weapon-free zone (NWFZ).  Each country signing the treaty promises, as stated in Article 1, to outlaw within their territority "the testing, use, manufacture, production, or  acquisition by any means whatsoever of any nuclear weapons" and "the receipt, storage, installation, deployment, and any form of possession of any nuclear weapons."  Protocol I of the treaty obligates states with territories in Latin America (France, Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States) to keep the region a NWFZ.  The four nations have signed the treaty.  Protocol II  obligates nuclear-weapon states (NWS) not to undertake any action that would violate the nuclear-weapon free status of the region, including using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against any of the states participating in the treaty.  The People's Republic of China, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (now the Russian Federation), France, the United Kingdom, and the United States had ratified Protocol II. 2 Verification Measures in the Treaty     The Treaty created the Organization of the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL), a regional organization that ensures that all contracting parties are abiding by the treaty.  The organization of OPANAL is similar to the organization of the United Nations.  There is a General Conference that convenes every two years and at special sessions, that are called if necessary.  Among other duties, it establishes "procedures to ensure the adherence to the Control System established by the Treaty of Tlatelolco," creates accords with governments and international agencies, and elects the Council and the General Secretary to four-year terms.   The Council of OPANAL is composed of five member states that meet every two months, and at special sessions if necessary.  Among other duties, the Council, through the General Secretary, "oversee[s] the Control System to ensure its proper function according to the provisions of the Treaty and the decisions adopted by the General Conference" and presents reports to the Conference. 3 Articles 12-18: The Control System 12: The purposes of the Control System are to ensure that facilities that are meant for the peaceful of nuclear energy are not used to create nuclear weapons and that no activities are present in the zone that violate Article 1 of the treaty. 13: Each party must enter into multi-lateral or bilateral agreements with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 14: Each party will submit semi-annual reports to the IAEA and OPANAL that state that no activities forbidden by the treaty are taking place within its borders. 15: With the permission of the Council, the General Secretary may ask any party to submit additional information relating to security measures in the treaty.  If so asked, each party should comply with the request. 16: The IAEA has the power to carry out special inspections in accordance agreements reached in article 13.  The Council may carry out special inspections if it suspects a violation of the treaty.  Each Party must allow the inspectors full access to any area and/or information that relates to the inspection.        The General Secretary will transmit reports on the special inspection to all Parties of the Treaty and the Secretary-General of the UN, who will then share the information with the Security Council, the General Assembly, and the Council of the OAS. 17: The Parties have a right to nuclear power for peaceful purposes. 18: The Parties have a right to explode nuclear devices for peaceful purposes, but they must notify OPANAL and the IAEA beforehand.  Also, the General Secretary and any personnel the Council and the IAEA au


The team sport Bandy (or Russian Hockey) is played on what surface?

Bandy: A concise history of the extreme sport | Russia Beyond The Headlines Bandy: A concise history of the extreme sport RBTH takes a look at the history of the bandy extreme game, which will be showcased at the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics. Facebook sport , sochi2014 , olympic games Bandy will be showcased at the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics. Source: AFP / East News Almost all Bandy World Championships in the top division follow approximately the same pattern. The routine of the preliminary stage is followed by the semi-finals, and the decisive match usually features Russia and Sweden. Only extremely rarely does Finland intrude on the contest between this sport’s two leading countries. The elite group also includes Kazakhstan, Norway and Belarus. The leaders of the second division are the U.S. and Canada. Related: Tudegesheva dominates at Snowboard World Championships Several years ago, mainly thanks to the efforts of Russian sports officials, bandy became an IOC-recognized sport and a candidate for inclusion in the Winter Olympics program. Nevertheless, despite the fact that bandy will be a demonstration sport at the 2014 Sochi Games, the chances of it being fully recognized as an Olympic sport are very slim. In its drive to meet the IOC’s requirements that a sport be played in many countries, the Federation of International Bandy (FIB) includes countries that have only declared their interest in the development of this game. India, Afghanistan, Australia, Armenia, Argentina, for example, do not have any big ice-rinks on which bandy could even be played, nor do they have bandy teams that actually exist. Nevertheless, these states are full-fledged members of the FIB. India, for example, has been part of the FIB for 11 years, but has never once played in a World Championship. On the other hand, the Japanese made their debut in 2012, and Ukraine played in the World Championship for the first time in 2013. A game of bandy is played in two halves of 45 minutes each, on ice rinks whose dimensions are identical to those of a soccer field. Each team has a goalkeeper and 10 outfield players; substitutions are allowed. The aim of game is to get the ball (6.6 centimeters in diameter and weighing approximately 2 ounces) into the other team’s goal (11.5 feet wide and 7 feet high) as many times as possible, using hooked sticks. The goalkeeper plays without a stick, catching the ball with his gloves and kicking it away, with his legs protected by pads. A 40-foot penalty shot is awarded for fouls committed in the penalty area: this is similar to the 36-foot penalty kick in soccer. The balls used to be orange in color, but then they were changed to pink in order to meet the needs of television. Bandy is really not a television game. It is difficult to make out the little ball on the screen; when there are fast passes, not all spectators or viewers can see it, whether they are at the rink or watching on a television screen. Bandy games are very often played in extreme conditions and severe cold — especially in Russia. At the 1999 World Championship in Arkhangelsk, the temperature was around minus 37 degrees Fahrenheit, and some games had to be played in three periods of 30 minutes each, In Russia, bandy is considered a national sport and is known as “Russian ice hockey,” although it started in Britain at the end of the 19th century. It arrived in Russia in 1898, and the first Soviet Championship took place in 1928. The first official international tournament was the European Championship in 1913, in which teams from Austria, England, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Holland, France and Switzerland played; the English team won. World War I then put the brakes on the international development of bandy. The World Championships started in 1957. The Soviet and Russian teams have taken “gold” 21 times; Sweden has 11 titles and Finland won for the first and only time in 2004. For a long time only four teams took part in the championship: Russia, Sweden, Finland and Norway; they were joined by the United States


Known also in the US and elswhere as President, what traditionally and descriptively is the most senior position in a company and other hierarchical organizations?

The Duality of Class Systems in the US The Duality of Class Systems in US Capitalism By Steve Martinot Thesis There is a duality of class systems in the US. One system is a white class system, composed of capital and white workers. But overarching the white class system is a racialized class system, in which white society as a whole, with its white class system embedded in it, has formed the "ruling class," first over a black bond-laborer working class on plantations, then over a continental black and brown work force, and finally, with the rise of 20th century US coloniality, an international third-world working class. The purpose of this essay is to examine the structure of this duality, and the history of how it came into existence. Introduction: the heritage Karl Marx famously said that class struggle was the engine of history. But understanding the class structure of the US, in order to comprehend the nature of that engine, has often been a problem. There have been periods of hard-fought unionization efforts, to the point of guerrilla warfare simply for the 8-hour day. Yet, culturally, the thought that everyone is somehow middle class seems unshakable, to the point where poverty was an embarrassment rather than a symptom. In terms of the social justice movements of the 1960s and 70s, class became a cultural dimension of one's situation, rather than economic. And finally, there were recurrent attempts to redefine class in order to figure out what it meant politically in a service-oriented economy, in view of the history of industrial class struggles in Europe, and the political class consciousness they developed. This essay is an attempt to show why European concepts of class have never fit the US situation. At the time of its inception, two salient aspects of the US as a nation stood out. The first was its origin as a colonial society, an aspect of its genesis that has marked it up to the present. The second was its initial preservation of the institution of slavery inherited from its colonial origin. These two factors worked to mark the growth of class relations following independence. During those early decades prior to 1840, when white skilled workers in the northern states sought to organize themselves into a political force in the new states, they excluded black workers from their organizations. Not only did this signify that they were defining themselves as the working class, but they were defining the working class was white at a time when vast majority of laborers in the US were black, toiling under forced labor conditions on plantations in the southern states. Slavery didn't condition class relations; working class consciousness defined itself in opposition to the enslaved bond-laborer through its exclusion of free black skilled laborers. Two other salient aspects marked the aftermath of independence, as the political expression of colonial origins and the preservation of slavery. The first was a sense of militarist impunity, and the second was the evolution of a two party political system. US militarism was first directed as a colonialist drive against the indigenous, then against all others on the continent under the messianic banner of Manifest Destiny. Once the continent was secured, it took the form of assaults and interventions throughout the world. The milestones of that latter process were the occupation of the Philipines, the use of atomic weapons against the civilian population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the long string of wars fought in the third world since World War Two (from Korea to Afghanistan). The ultimate effect of these wars has been the establishment of US political hegemony in the world. The two party system emerged from the politics of slavery, and produced a system that then monopolized internal politics. Because of its winner-take-all binarism, in which 51% of the vote gives a candidate 100% of the representationist power, political thought and activity must either enroll itself in one of the major parties or form a social movement outside them (in other words, marginalize itsel


Stephen Covey's first hugely popular guide to business and life is called The Seven 'what' of Highly Successful People?

stephen covey's seven habits of highly effective people       review the seven habits of highly effective people® Dr Stephen Covey's inspirational book - 7 Habits Of Highly             Effective People® Dr Stephen Covey (1932-2012) was and remains a hugely influential               management guru. Covey's most famous book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective               People, became a blueprint for personal development when it was published in               1990. The principles may be used for life in general - they are not limited to               workplaces, management, leadership, etc. Covey's concepts actually can help               people to grow, change, and become more effective in really any other aspect of               human responsibility that you might imagine. Covey's Seven Habits are easy to understand, but like all the best               and simplest models, can be a little more difficult to apply in practice. The               'Habits' seem very simple, and in many ways they are, yet to varying degrees               they may entail quite serious changes to thinking and acting. Be inspired by Covey's ideas nevertheless. They are wonderful. The 'Seven Habits' are a remarkable set of inspirational and               aspirational standards for anyone who seeks to live a full, purposeful and good               life, and are applicable today more than ever, as the business world - and life               beyond business and work - become more attuned to humanist concepts. Covey's values are full of integrity and humanity, and contrast               strongly with the authority-driven process-based ideologies that characterize               management and leadership thinking in earlier times. Indeed Covey's methods               extend and adapt with increasing relevance to many more areas in the modern               world, for example parenting, relationships, mediation, counselling, etc. Stephen Covey, as well as being a renowned writer, speaker, academic               and humanist, also built a huge training and consultancy products and services               business - Franklin               Covey which has a global reach. Stephen Covey at one time or other also               consulted with and provided training services to most of the world's leading               corporations. Covey produced a substantial body of educational and teaching work.               The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People was his first significantly popular               creation, and probably remains his greatest. Here is a quick summary. I encourage you to explore and use his               ideas.   Stephen Covey's Seven Habits of Highly             Effective People® habit 1 - be proactive® This is the ability to control one's environment, rather than have               it control you, as is so often the case. Self determination, choice, and the               power to decide response to stimulus, conditions and circumstances habit 2 - begin with the end in mind® Covey calls this the habit of personal leadership - leading oneself               that is, towards what you consider your aims. By developing the habit of               concentrating on relevant activities you will build a platform to avoid               distractions and become more productive and successful. habit 3 - put first things first® Covey calls this the habit of personal management. This is about               organising and implementing activities in line with the aims established in               habit 2. Covey says that habit 2 is the first, or mental creation; habit 3 is


The Han ethnic group of people, the largest in the world, is native to which country?

Chinese Ethnic Groups: Han People and 55 Ethnic Minorities Distribution Map (Click to enlarge) As a large united multi-national state, China is composed of 56 ethnic groups. Among them Han Chinese account for 91.59% of the overall Chinese population and the other 55 make up the remaining 8.41% according to the Fifth National Population Census of 2000. As the combined population of these other minorities is far fewer than that of the Han, they form the 55 minorities of China. These numerous ethnic groups share China's vast lands but at the same time many live in their individual communities. The relationships between them have been formed over many years.   Chinese Han People With a population of 1159.4 million, the Han Chinese can be found in almost every part of China. However, they mainly live in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and also in the Northeast Plain Region (Songliao Plain). They form the largest ethnic group within China and also the largest in the world. The Han people have their own distinctive way of life.   Miao Minority in Guizhou Although they make up only a small proportion of the overall Chinese population, the 55 minority ethnic groups are distributed extensively throughout different regions of China. The regions where they are most concentrated are Southwest China, Northwest China and Northeast China. No matter whether it is Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou, Qinghai or Sichuan, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan or another province, one can find Chinese minorities. From the areas listed above, the greatest number of minorities can be found in Yunnan Province (25 ethnic groups). Zhuang has the largest population (more than 16 million) of minority ethnic groups. In order to ensure that the 56 Chinese ethnic groups live together in harmony, the government introduced a series of policies including ones to secure the equality and unity of ethnic groups, give regional autonomy to ethnic minorities and promote respect for the faith and customs of ethnic groups. Tibetan People Among these the policy of regional autonomy for minorities is the most fundamental. Under this policy, five autonomous regions; Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Guangxi, Ningxia and Tibet, as well as numerous autonomous prefectures, counties, nationality townships and towns have been set up. With guidance from the Chinese government, the minorities in areas that have been given regional autonomy are entitled to deal with their own affairs. Together with the Han people, the Chinese minorities are making great efforts to build a prosperous China.  List of 55 Chinese minorities:


What is Tesco's US 'neighborhood' grocery chain brand, founded in 2007 with HQ in California?

Fresh & Easy Buzz: Tesco's Fresh & Easy and it's 'Value Proposition:' We Asked, They Answered; Discussion, Deconstruction and Fresh & Easy Buzz Analysis Read both pieces directly on Morningnewsbeat.com here . Lastly, the food and grocery industry website Retailwire.com currently has an ongoing discussion about Tesco Fresh & Easy's value proposition in the form of CEO Tim Mason's comments in Sunday's Financial Times piece, which we ran the other day, that the retailer is now combining a high-low promotional strategy along with its EDLP strategies, which forms the basis for Fresh & Easy's merchandising policy as a neighborhood grocery store for all consumers. [You can read a transcript of the Financial Times' interview with Tim Mason here .] You can view the ongoing discussion at Retailwire.com here . There's also a reader poll which currently shows 44% of those who have thus far responded say price and value (the value proposition) are key to Tesco Fresh & Easy's success, an argument Fresh & Easy Buzz has been making since late last year. Only 2% thus far say the value proposition is unimportant. The 'Value Proposition:' Fresh & Easy Buzz Analysis Below (in italics) is the text of Monday's press release issued by Tesco's Fresh & Easy Neighborhood Market: Fresh & Easy Keeps it Simple and Keeps Prices Low Streamlining distribution saves fuel, reduces prices and helps the environment EL SEGUNDO, Calif., June 16 /PRNewswire/ -- Fresh & Easy Neighborhood Market and its suppliers have streamlined their distribution models to reduce direct store deliveries, which saves money on fuel, allowing the company to pass these savings on to customers. This innovative, yet simple, distribution model also helps the environment by reducing the amount of CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, as well as neighborhood traffic congestion and noise that multiple deliveries create. (Photo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20080616/AQM550 ) A traditional grocery store receives many deliveries a day, including fresh and frozen food, produce and direct store deliveries from numerous suppliers. To eliminate extra and unnecessary delivery trips, Fresh & Easy has created a new way of stocking stores with these same products with fewer deliveries by asking the company's suppliers to deliver directly to the company's centralized distribution center. "By keeping our distribution model simple Fresh & Easy is able to save fuel and offer honest, everyday low prices on all our products," said CEO Tim Mason. "Reducing fuel consumption is also consistent with our commitment to be a good steward of the environment." To further conserve fuel, Fresh & Easy has employed state-of-the-art technology in its shipping fleet. Fresh & Easy trailers feature a hybrid refrigeration vector unit which minimizes the amount of diesel used to safely cool and transport store products. The trailers also include automatic refrigeration shut-off when optimum temperature is reached inside the cooling chamber as well as a complete engine shut-off once parked at the stores. Electrical stand-by technology also minimizes the impact on the environment by using no diesel fuel to run refrigeration units on the trailers while parked at the distribution center. First, regarding the press release itself, as you can tell by reading it, it's targeted (either intentionally or not) to the food and grocery industry trade press, at least based on the way it's written and its intended or unintended target. There isn't much of an angle in the way it's written to excite a consumer or business publication editor to run a story based on the release. We aren't criticizing the release or Tesco's Fresh & Easy because of that, just stating a fact of public relations. Now, regarding the content of the press release: What Tesco's Fresh & Easy Neighborhood Market is talking about in the first paragraph, the "streamlining of their distribution model," might be new for Fresh & Easy but its old hat in the U.S. food and grocery retailing industry. It's essentially what's called cross-docking, something numerous U.S. su