What was the name of his American mother?

Churchill's American Heritage Churchill's American Heritage Churchill's American Heritage By Winston S. Churchill While recently assembling my grandfather's writings on America into a single volume entitled The Great Republic (reviewed in this issue. Ed.), I used it as the opportunity to research further my family's American forebears. Winston Churchill was half American by birth - a fact of which he was deeply proud. In his first address to a joint session of the United States Congress, on 26 December 1941, he teased the assembled Senators and Representatives with the mischievous suggestion, "If my father had been American and my mother British, instead of the other way 'round, I might have got here on my own!" His mother, Jennie Jerome of Brooklyn, New York, later Lady Randolph Churchill, was a noted beauty of her day and Winston, as a young cavalry officer, shamelessly used all the influence she was able to bring to bear in his quest to see action in different parts of the globe from Cuba in 1895 and the North-West Frontier of India in 1897, to the Sudan in 1898 and South Africa in 1899. Through his maternal grandfather, Leonard Jerome, sometime proprietor and editor of The New York Times, he had at least two forebears who fought against the British in the American War of Independence: one great-grandfather, Samuel Jerome, served in the Berkshire County Militia while another, Major Libbeus Ball, of the 4th Massachusetts Regiment, marched and fought with George Washington's army at Valley Forge. Furthermore Leonard Jerome's maternal grandfather, Reuben Murray, served as a lieutenant in the Connecticut and New York Regiments, while his wife Clara's grandfather, Ambrose Hall, was a captain in the Berkshire County Militia at Bennington. Indeed I have found no evidence of any ancestor who fought with the British in this misguided conflict, which Chatham and Burke had been so eager to avoid! Not only did Winston Churchill have Revolutionary blood in his veins but, possibly, native American as well. According to family tradition, Jennie's maternal grandmother, Clarissa Willcox, was half-Iroquois. Clarissa's father, David Willcox, is recorded as marrying Anna Baker and settling in Palmyra, New York in 1791. The implication is that Clarissa may have been a half Iroquois accepted into the family. The truth will perhaps never be known. It is unsurprising that such matters, most especially in those days, went unrecorded. What is certain is that Winston's mother, Jennie, and her sister Leonie, firmly believed the story to be true, having been told by their mother, Clara: "My dears, there is something you should know. It may not be chic but it is rather interesting...." Furthermore, the family portrait of his maternal grandmother Clara, which I have inherited from my grandfather, lends credence to the suggestion that she may have been quarter-Iroquois, with her oval face and mysteriously dark features. In recent years, genealogical researchers have sought to cast scorn on the suggestion that Clara's descent is other than "American Colonial of English background" (see "Urban Myths," this issue -Ed.). But this fails to explain why, some 130 years ago, Clara would have told her daughters the story, at a time when it would have been deeply unfashionable to make such a claim. Nor does it explain the evidence of Clara's features which have little in common with the Anglo-Saxon. Furthermore, it is undisputed that the densely wooded country south of Lake Ontario around Palmyra, New York, where Clarissa Willcox was born, was the heartland of the Iroquois nation. My cousin, Anita Leslie, in The Fabulous Leonard Jerome, quotes her grandmother Leonie, remarking on her exceptional energy: "That's my Indian blood, only don't let Mama know I told you!" While it is unlikely that the question of the family's native American heritage can be firmly proved either way, I have little doubt as to the truth of the matter. For me physical features speak louder than any entry in a register of births, but I leave it to the reader to make his or her own judgm


Which hormone is called epinephrine in the USA?

epinephrine | hormone | Britannica.com Epinephrine adrenal gland Epinephrine, also called adrenaline, hormone that is secreted mainly by the medulla of the adrenal glands and that functions primarily to increase cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood. Epinephrine typically is released during acute stress , and its stimulatory effects fortify and prepare an individual for either “fight or flight” (see fight-or-flight response ). Epinephrine is closely related in structure to norepinephrine , differing only in the presence of a methyl group on the nitrogen side chain. In both substances, the amine (nitrogen-containing) group is attached to a catechol group (a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups)—a structure unique to the catecholamines . Both substances are key stimulatory components of the sympathetic nervous system (part of the autonomic nervous system ), hence their pharmacological classification as sympathomimetic agents. In cells the stimulatory effects of epinephrine are mediated through the activation of a second … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Production of epinephrine Epinephrine is produced specifically in the adrenal medulla, where the amino acid tyrosine is transformed through a series of reactions to norepinephrine. An enzyme known as phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, which is found in the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, catalyzes the methylation of norepinephrine to epinephrine. In addition to the release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands, small amounts of the hormone are also released from the ends of sympathetic nerves. Physiological actions The actions of epinephrine are complex, owing to its stimulatory effects on α- and β-adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors, so named for their reaction to the adrenal hormones), which produce various responses, depending on the specific receptor and the tissue in which it occurs. Hence, epinephrine causes constriction in many networks of minute blood vessels but dilates the blood vessels in the skeletal muscles and the liver . In the heart , it increases the rate and force of contraction, thus increasing the output of blood and raising blood pressure . In the liver, epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, resulting in an increase in glucose levels in the blood. It also acts to increase the level of circulating free fatty acids . The extra amounts of glucose and fatty acids can be used by the body as fuel in times of stress or danger, when increased alertness and exertion are required. The physiological actions of epinephrine are terminated by metabolic breakdown with catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) or monoamine oxidase (MAO), by reuptake into nerve endings, and by diffusion from active sites. Clinical significance androgen Purified active epinephrine is obtained from the adrenal glands of domesticated animals or prepared synthetically for clinical use. Epinephrine may be injected into the heart during cardiac arrest to stimulate heart activity. Epinephrine is also used to treat anaphylaxis (acute systemic allergic reaction), which can occur in response to exposure to certain drugs, insect venoms, and foods (e.g., nuts and shellfish). It is also occasionally used in the emergency treatment of asthma , where its relaxation of smooth muscle helps to open the airways in the lungs, and in the treatment of glaucoma , where it appears to both decrease the production of aqueous humour and increase its outflow from the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. In turn, certain disease states are associated with abnormalities in epinephrine production and secretion. For example, epinephrine and other catecholamines are secreted in excessive amounts by pheochromocytomas (tumours of the adrenal glands). Discovery of epinephrine Epinephrine was discovered in the late 1800s. English physiologists George Oliver and Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer were among the first to describe the blood-pressure-raising effect of a substance from the adrenal medulla. By 1900 epinephrine had been isolated and identified by American


The protein fibrin aids which process in the blood?

Fibrinogen: Test Sample Test Sample The Test Sample What is being tested? Fibrinogen is a protein , a coagulation factor (factor I) that is essential for blood clot formation. Two types of tests are available to evaluate fibrinogen: a fibrinogen activity test evaluates how well fibrinogen functions in helping to form a blood clot while a fibrinogen antigen test measures the amount of fibrinogen in the blood. Fibrinogen is produced by the liver and released into circulation along with several other coagulation factor proteins. Normally, when a body tissue or blood vessel wall is injured, a process called hemostasis begins to help stop the bleeding by forming a plug at the injury site. Small cell fragments called platelets adhere to and aggregate at the site, a coagulation cascade begins, and clotting factors are activated one after the other. As the cascade nears completion, soluble fibrinogen is converted into insoluble fibrin threads. These threads crosslink together to form a fibrin net that stabilizes at the injury site. The fibrin net adheres to the site of injury along with the platelets to form a stable blood clot. This barrier prevents additional blood loss and remains in place until the injured area has healed. For a stable clot to form there must be enough normally functioning platelets and coagulation factors. If there are dysfunctional factors or platelets, or too little or too much of them, it can lead to bleeding episodes and/or to formation of an in appropriate blood clot ( thrombosis ). Several laboratory tests, including fibrinogen tests, can be used to evaluate hemostasis. It is now understood that coagulation tests are based on what happens artificially in the test setting (in vitro) and thus do not necessarily reflect what actually happens in the body (in vivo). Nevertheless, the tests can be used to evaluate specific components of the hemostasis system. The fibrinogen activity test evaluates that part of the hemostatic process in which soluble fibrinogen is converted into fibrin threads. With the addition of thrombin to the test sample, the fibrinogen test bypasses the rest of the coagulation factors and focuses on the function of fibrinogen. A fibrinogen activity test measures the time that it takes for a fibrin clot to form following the addition of a standard amount of thrombin to plasma . This test evaluates the function of fibrinogen, its ability to be converted into fibrin. The time that is required for a clot to form directly correlates with the amount of active fibrinogen that is present. Prolonged clot-formation times may be due to decreased concentrations of normal fibrinogen or due to dysfunctional fibrinogen. A fibrinogen antigen test uses a fibrinogen antibody to bind to fibrinogen in a blood sample. This test allows the quantity, but not activity, of fibrinogen to be measured. Fibrinogen is also one of several blood factors that are called acute phase reactants . Blood levels of fibrinogen along with other acute phase reactants rise sharply with conditions causing acute tissue inflammation or damage. Tests for these acute phase reactants, including fibrinogen, may be performed to determine the extent of inflammation in the body. How is the sample collected for testing? A blood sample is obtained by inserting a needle into a vein in the arm. NOTE: If undergoing medical tests makes you or someone you care for anxious, embarrassed, or even difficult to manage, you might consider reading one or more of the following articles: Coping with Test Pain, Discomfort, and Anxiety , Tips on Blood Testing , Tips to Help Children through Their Medical Tests , and Tips to Help the Elderly through Their Medical Tests . Another article, Follow That Sample , provides a glimpse at the collection and processing of a blood sample and throat culture. Is any test preparation needed to ensure the quality of the sample? No test preparation is needed. Proudly sponsored by ...


What was Elvis Presley’s first film – the only one in which he did not get top billing?

Love Me Tender | Elvis Presley Movies Elvis Presley Movies Love Me Tender Love Me Tender is the film debut of Elvis Presley and an American black and white motion picture directed by Robert D. Webb, released by 20th Century Fox on November 15, 1956. The film, named after the song, stars Richard Egan, Debra Paget, and Elvis Presley. It is in the Western genre with musical numbers. Because it was Presley’s movie debut, it was the only time in his acting career that he did not receive top billing. Love Me Tender was originally to be titled The Reno Brothers, but when advanced sales of Presley’s “ Love Me Tender ” single passed one million—a first for a single—the film title was changed to match. Presley plays Clint Reno, one of the Reno brothers who stayed home while his brother went to fight in the American Civil War for the Confederate Army. The family is mistakenly informed that one of the brothers, Vance, has been killed on the battlefield. When his brother Vance comes back from the war, he finds that his old girlfriend, Cathy, has married Clint. Although Vance accepts this wholeheartedly (“We always wanted Cathy in the family”), the family has to struggle to reach stability with this issue. As a Confederate soldier, Vance is involved in a train robbery, in which he steals Federal Government money. A conflict of interest ensues when Vance tries to return the money against the wishes of some of his fellow Confederates. The film reaches its tragic conclusion with a gunfight between the two Reno brothers, ironically ending with Clint’s murder. This was Elvis Presley’s first movie role. Love Me Tender is the only film in which Presley’s character dies on-screen. Love Me Tender is also the only one in which Elvis did not get top billing. He came third, after Richard Egan and Debra Paget. Love Me Tender is a western drama set immediately after the Civil War. In Elvis Presley’s first film, he appears in the secondary role of Clint Reno. This was the only time in his acting career that Elvis received second billing. Clint, the youngest of the four Reno brothers, stayed behind to run the family farm during the war while his older brothers were off fighting for the Confederacy. Star Richard Egan plays Vance Reno, the eldest brother whom the family believes to have been killed in battle. Upon returning home, Vance is shocked to discover that Clint has married Vance’s former sweetheart, Cathy, played by Debra Paget. The love triangle, complicated by the greedy actions of some unscrupulous ex-Confederates, eventually pits brother against brother, resulting in Clint’s death. The downbeat ending is tempered by the brothers’ reconciliation as Clint dies in Cathy’s arms. Actor Richard Egan who played Vance Reno, older brother to Elvis’ character, Clint, was a high ranking officer in the U.S. Army during W.W.II. He received a master’s degree at Stanford and taught school at Northwestern before deciding to become an actor. He won a Golden Globe award in 1953 as Most Promising Male Newcomer.


Who was the first British artist to top the US chart?

The UK Number Ones : 1950s Sheet Music Sales Week Ending SONG TITLE Notable Recording(s) + Artist Links Weeks COMMENT 7 Jan 1950 You're Breaking My Heart Ink Spots 2 They were a top close-harmony singing act   of black Americans. 21 Jan 1950 Hop Scotch Polka Billy Whitlock 1 Whitlock wrote the piece with that title,   but called it "Scotch Hot" on the recording! 28 Jan 1950 The Harry Lime Theme Anton Karas 4 (Returned    for 3 weeks from w/e 18/2/50) Famed theme from the spy film "The   Third Man", starring Orson Welles.  The theme was composed by the performer. 4 Feb 1950 Dear Hearts And Gentle People 1: Dinah Shore Song was a radio favourite on the "Billy Cotton Band Show". 11 Mar 1950 Music! Music! Music! Teresa Brewer 6 First major hit for the girl from   Ohio.  She later did badly against UK cover versions. 22 Apr 1950 (If I Knew You Were Comin') I'd've Baked A Cake Eve Young & The Homesteaders 1 Another happy-go-lucky radio favourite   which Billy Cotton helped to popularise. 29 Apr 1950 My Foolish Heart Billy Eckstine 11 He was a deep-voiced star from the 1930s,   still very popular throughout the 50s. 8 Jul 1950 Bewitched (Bothered and Bewildered) 1: Doris Day Written by Rodgers & Hart. Recorded by   Doris Day in 1949. 9 Sep 1950 Silver Dollar (Roll, Roll, Roll) Eve Young & The Homesteaders 7 Similar style to Eve's previous hit, got   the musicians buying again. 28 Oct 1950 Goodnight Irene 1: Frank   Sinatra 2: Jo Stafford 4 A version by the Gordon Jenkins Orch was   at no 1 in the US for 13 weeks. 25 Nov 1950 Rudolph The Red-nosed Reindeer 1: Gene   Autry Christmas song that has remained ever   popular since. 6 Jan 1951 I Taut I Taw A Puddy Tat Mel   Blanc 3 Based on a line from the Tweetie Pie   cartoons.  Mel was the cartoon voice. 27 Jan 1951 Beloved, Be Faithful 1: Teddy Johnson Both of these were top British balladeers   of their time. 3 Feb 1951 The Petite Waltz 1: Anne   Shelton At this time, the most popular dance by   far was the waltz. 17 Feb 1951 The Tennessee Waltz 1: Patti Page 2: Anita O'Day 9 The US country music star    (Patti Page) battled   it out in the UK with a jazz music star (Anita O'Day) a country music waltz. 21 Apr 1951 Mockin' Bird Hill Les Paul & Mary Ford 10 They were of multi-track   recording and amplified electric guitars. 30 Jun 1951 With These Hands Nelson Eddy & Jo Stafford 3 Hits for Shirley Bassey in 1960 and Tom   Jones in 1965. 21 Jul 1951 My Resistance Is Low Hoagy   Carmichael 4 Written by the singer.  Hit for Robin   Sarstedt in 1976. Cole's version is now best known, but it   was Young's first major success. 10 Nov 1951 Longing For You Teresa Brewer 11 Melody based on the classical piece "Waltz Dream" by Oscar Straus. 12 Jan 1952 The Loveliest Night Of The Year 1: Mario Lanza Was on the chart for a record 32 weeks   before making No 1. 23 Feb 1952 There's Always Room At Our House Guy Mitchell 4 First major recording for this US singing   star. 22 Mar 1952 Unforgettable Nat 'King' Cole 10 All-time Nat 'King' Cole classic. 24 May 1952 A-round The Corner Jo   Stafford 3 She was the most popular American female   singer in the UK at this time. 14 Jun 1952 Auf Wiederseh'n Sweetheart Vera Lynn 10 Immensely popular with people who   remembered the war years. 23 Aug 1952 The Homing Waltz 1: Vera Lynn Successive No 1s for Vera Lynn recordings. 25 Oct 1952 Here In My Heart Al Martino 8 Became the first No 1 on the record-sales   chart. 27 Dec 1952 You Belong To Me 1: Jo Stafford It was Jo Stafford's version that topped the infant records chart. 7 Feb 1953 Don't Let The Stars Get In Your Eyes Perry Como 1 Como's version topped the record charts in UK and US. 14 Feb 1953 Broken Wings 1: Stargazers 2: Dickie Valentine 3: Art & Dottie Todd 6 These three versions were UK hits, but the Stargazers took it to No   1 in the records chart. 28 Mar 1953 (How Much Is) That Doggie In The Window 1: Patti Page Both UK record hits, but Lita Roza made it to the top. 9 May 1953 In A Golden Coach 1: Billy Cotton Band Celebrating the c


Which brewery produces Director’s Bitter?

Courage Directors Bitter | Wells & Young's Ltd | BeerAdvocate Wells & Young's Ltd Alcohol by volume (ABV): 4.80% Availability: Year-round No notes at this time. Added by kbub6f on 08-09-2002 BEER STATS 4.08/5  rDev +17.2% look: 3.75 | smell: 3.75 | taste: 4.25 | feel: 4.5 | overall: 4 Creamy head. Lovely, lasting cling. Reddish amber with a metallic glint. Full-bodied texture. Taste of toffee with the slightest bitter kick. An exemplar of the style.  167 characters 3.63/5  rDev +4.3% look: 4 | smell: 3.5 | taste: 3.75 | feel: 3.5 | overall: 3.5 Appearance: It's a deep amber with a slight haze. The head is off white and about one finger thick. Aroma: Piney notes, grapefruit.. a light floral hop dryness in the nose. Little notes of pear and apple. Taste: Very crisp mouthfeel in the front. Bits of toffee, light brown bread, Wisps of figs and banana and twinges of spice towards the back end. Notes: What we have here is a very tasty bitter top to bottom quite tasty. Cheers.  444 characters look: 3 | smell: 2.75 | taste: 2.75 | feel: 3 | overall: 3 Color: dark amber, clear. Head color ecru, not too high, on average lasted. Aroma: in the foreground are plum and caramel in the background and gently yeast. The beer is slightly watery, like the above are the leading caramel and plum. Bitterness is always at the finish, coffee. High saturation.  296 characters 2.69/5  rDev -22.7% look: 3 | smell: 2.75 | taste: 2.75 | feel: 2.5 | overall: 2.5 Initial nice taste, but then it falls flat. A bit more head than I’m used to from British ales, so it looks pretty good. But aroma and taste and palate are all very light, flat and almost bland. Next!  202 characters 2.66/5  rDev -23.6% look: 3 | smell: 2 | taste: 3 | feel: 2.5 | overall: 2.75 Amber colour, big head that fades soon leaving some lace. Smell of limestone, dark fruits and a disgusting tyres strong notes. Medium body, good carbonation. Taste of caramel, dark fruits. No hint of tyres here.  211 characters 3.3/5  rDev -5.2% look: 4 | smell: 4 | taste: 3 | feel: 4 | overall: 2.5 I’m actually surprised I hadn’t gotten to this sooner what with me being an amateur film Director and what not [excluding both ‘what’ and ‘not’]. Plus with my penchant for English Bitters being quite strong I can only chalk this up to a sizeable slip under the old beerdar. Anyway it is here and pre-review warming up to room temp as we speak. Before I begin I must add that this is a bit on the heavy side for a Bitter at a lofty 4.8% ABV, and Wells & Young’s track record for me has been hit-and-miss with their Courage Russian Imperial Stout being their high water mark IMO, so who knows where Directors will end up. Poured from a 500ml bottle into a nonic pint. A: Clear copper body with a light splotchy thin beige head on top - about as English Bitter as old English pies with a pint of English Bitter beside it and a side of English Bitter sauce to go with the pie. 8/10. S: Toffee malt, earthy/nutty notes, hints of dark fruit - raisin, plum, with a veneer of herbal hops in the background... overall this Bitter smells like a bit of excitement compared to the namby-pamby lightweight 4.4% Bitters out there, expecting some explosive not-your-average-day-in-the-pub-watching-football-which-is-called-soccer-elsewhere-in-the-world-to-differentiate-it-from-other-forms-of-ball-sports action here. 8/10. T: Wow, what a let-down... the flavour is a shadow of the above aromas... it’s not explosive action, just a muted Bitter at best. I’ve had plenty of Bitters that would blow this out of the water flavourwise - several of which weigh in at 4.4% ABV. This is a disappointingly light where-it-counts English Bitter... at least the flavours are as expected from the aroma (toffee/earthy/nutty/raisin/plum) with a slight sour/bitter finish, but otherwise this brew warrants my giant beige stamp of ‘MEH!’. 6/10. M: Mid to light bodied with some playful carbonation that does nothing to damper that classic English pub vibe. 8/10. D: Well Courage Directors Superior Ale really drops the ball when it counts in the flavour depart


What is added to Scotch to make a Whisky Mac?

The Whiskey Mac Recipe - SheKnows Recipes Directions Pre-chill a cocktail glass by placing it into the freezer for 5 minutes. Fill the chilled glass with ice cubes and then add the scotch and the ginger wine. Slowly stir the mixture for 20 seconds and then serve immediately.


In olden-day police parlance what were ‘darbies’?

History of the Handcuffs Written and Illustrated by Inspector Maurice Moser, Late of the Criminal Investigation Department, Great Scotland    Yard The Strand Magazine, Vol. VII. 1894, pp 94-98 The ordinary connection of ideas between handcuffs and policemen   does not need very acute mental posers to grasp, but there is a further   connections, a philological one, which is only evident at first sight to those   who have made a small acquaintance with the science of words. The word "handcuff" is a popular corruption of the Anglo-Saxon   "handcop," i.e., that which "cops" or catches" the hands. Now, one of the most common of the many slag expressions used by   their special enemies towards the police is "Copper"- i.e., he who cops the   offending member. Strange as it may seem, handcuffs are by no means the   invention of these times, which insist on making the life of a prisoner so   devoid of the picturesque and romantic. We must go back, past the dark ages, past the stirring times of   Greek and Roman antiquity, till we come to those blissful mythological ages   when every tree and every stream was the home of some kindly god. In those olden days there dwelt in the Carpathian Sea a wily old   deity, known by the name of Proteus, possessing the gift of prophecy, the   fruits of which he selfishly denied to mankind. Even if those who wished to consult him were so fortunate as   to find him, all their effort to force him to exert his gifts of prophecy were   useless, for he was endowed with the power of changing himself into all things,   and he eluded their grasp by becoming a flame of fire or a drop of water. There   was one thing, however, against which all the miracles of Proteus were of no   avail, and of this Arstaeus was aware. So Arstaeus came, as Virgil tells us, from a distant land to   consult the famous prophet. He found him on the sea-shore among his seals,   basking in the afternoon sun Quick as thought he fitted handcuffs on him, and   all struggles and devices were now of no avail. Such was then the efficacy of   handcuffs even on the persons of the immortal gods. Having established this remote and honorable antiquity, we are not   surprised at the appearance of handcuffs in the fourth century B.C., when the   soldiers of a conquering Greek army found among the baggage of the routed   Carthaginians several chariots full of handcuffs, which had been held ready in   confident anticipation of a great victory and a multitude of        prisoners. The nearest approach to a mention that we find after that is in   the Book of Psalms: "To bind their kings in chains and their nobles in fetters   of iron." But in the Greek, the Latin, Wickliffe's and Anglo-Saxon Bible we   invariably find a word of which handcuffs is the only real translation. It is   also interesting to note that in the Anglo-Saxon version the kings are bound in   "footcops" and the nobles in "handcops." In the early Saxon times, therefore, we find our instrument is   familiar to all an in general use, as it has continued to be to this day, But   during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries there is no instance of the use of   the word "handcop"; is place is taken by "swivel manacle" and "shackbold," the   latter word being often used by Elizabethan authors. Handcuffs, like other things, have improved with time, Up to 1850   there were two kinds in general use in England. One of the forms, most common   in the earlier part of this century, went under the name of the "Figure 8."   This instrument does not allow the prisoner even that small amount of liberty   which is granted by its modern counterpart. It was chiefly used for refractory   prisoners who resorted to violence, for it had the advantage of keeping the   hands in a fixed position, either before or on the back of the body. The pain   it inflicted made it partake of the nature of a punishment rather than merely a   preventive against resistance or attack. It was a punishment, too, which was   unive


Which form of strangulation was for years the official method of execution in Spain?

History of the garotte (or garrotte) The garotte (or garrotte) was the standard civilian method of execution in Spain . It was introduced in 1812/13, at the beginning of the reign of Ferdinand VII , to replace the crude form of hanging previously used. At least 736 people, including 16 women, were executed in Spain in the 19th century.ï¿½ It is not clear how complete earlier records are and even modern ones are somewhat patchy. Some 96 people, including two women, were garotted between 1900 and 1935 with a further 110 men and three women being put to death in the post Civil War period.ï¿½ Executions also took place by shooting during this period and Spainï¿½s last executions were by firing squad.ï¿½ Shooting was more commonly handed down by military tribunals, however, it is unclear why people were shot for civilian murders.ï¿½ Most 20th century executions were for murder or terrorist related crimes, although banditry remained a capital crime, certainly into the 1950ï¿½s. Sixty five men and two women were executed by garotte between 1950 and 1974 in various parts of Spain , including one man in Las Palmas on Grand Canaria.ï¿½ All of these suffered either for murder, banditry or major acts of terrorism.ï¿½ Eleven men were executed by firing squad in the same period. Garotting appears to have developed from the early Chinese form of execution known as the bow-string. The criminal was tied to an upright post with two holes bored in it through which the ends of a cord from a long bow were passed and pulled tight round the neck by the executioner until the condemned strangled.ï¿½ In the Spanish version, the prisoner was seated on top of a short post with his back to the main post and a rope loop was placed round his neck and around the post. The executioner twisted a stick inserted in the loop to tighten the rope and strangle the prisoner. As in most countries, a more humane method of execution was sought and various improvements to the garotte were made. The next form of garotte comprised a wooden stool on which the prisoner sat with his back to the post (pictured). In some later instances a strong wooden chair was used.ï¿½ The condemned was strapped at the wrists, arms, waist and legs and the hinged iron collar closed around their neck. A heavy screw operated by a handle or a weighted lever connected to a spike or a small star shaped blade ran through the post. When the screw/lever mechanism was operated, the blade entered the criminal's neck and severed the spinal column, in an attempt to ensure that the prisoner did not strangle to death. In some versions, two brass collars were used. One collar was attached to the lever whilst the other was fixed to the post. Both collars were hinged to admit the prisoner's neck. When all preparations were complete, the executioner operated the mechanism forcing one collar outwards whilst the other remained stationary thus, if correctly adjusted, dislocating the prisoner's neck and causing immediate unconsciousness followed by death. (As in modern hanging). Click here for a photo of a 20th century garrotting in Cuba An execution by garotting of a robber named Jose de Roxas in Mexico in the early 1800's was witnessed and described by journalist, Richard Ford, as follows: The condemned man mounted the platform and was seated on a short post with his back to a strong upright post. The executioner fastened the iron collar round his neck. When all was ready, he took the lever in both hands and at the pre-arranged signal, turned the lever so drawing the collar tight whilst his assistant threw a black cloth over Roxas's face. A convulsive pressure of the hands and a heaving of the chest were the only visible signs of the passing of the robber's spirit. After a pause of a few seconds, the executioner peeped behind the cloth and after giving another turn to the screw, removed the cloth. The dead man was slightly convulsed, the mouth open and the eyeballs were turned into their sockets. This description is very similar to those of executions carried out by hanging at the same period. ï¿½In most ca


Who sailed round the world in the yacht Lively Lady?

BBC - Sir Alec Rose's Lively Lady prepares for world trip Sir Alec Rose's Lively Lady prepares for world trip A day after his home-coming in 1968, Alec Rose received a knighthood Sir Alec Rose's famous pale blue yacht, Lively Lady is about to start a fresh chapter in her long 62-year career. The 11m (36ft) wooden yacht made sailing history in 1968, when Southsea greengrocer Alec Rose completed his single handed trip around the world. The yacht is run by a sail training charity which offers young people who come from disadvantaged backgrounds, a chance to turn their lives around. The young team is currently preparing the yacht for another world voyage. Sir Alec Rose, received a hero's welcome when he sailed into Southsea in 1968 World trip Set up by British ocean adventurer Alan Priddy, the Around and Around project hopes to inspire a new generation of young sea farers. The charity has a 25-year lease on the legendary pale blue ketch. Mr Priddy said: "It's run by young people, they want to get her ready, they want to sail her around the world again." The youngsters taking part are all between the ages of 12 and 18 and live along the Solent coastline. A two-year refit on the yacht is planned ahead of another global circumnavigation in just over three years time. The 59 year-old greengrocer from Southsea has inspired many The yacht will return in 2018 to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of Sir Alec Rose's home-coming and the charity's tenth. When the 59 year-old greengrocer from Southsea set off on his epic single handed 354-day round-the-world trip he captured the public's imagination. National hero By the time he'd reached Australia he had become a national hero, Alan Priddy said the yachtsman was not aware of his fame at the time. "He had no idea what was building up behind him, he certainly didn't have any idea of the impending knighthood. He did it because he hadn't seen his grandchildren in Australia." Alec Rose reflected on his exploits in a BBC South Today interview in 1982. He said: "Sometimes I think to myself what a fool I was to have attempted it even." A day after his home-coming Alec Rose received a knighthood. He was also given the Freedom of Portsmouth in 1968 and made Freeman of the City of London in 1969. He died on 11 January 1991 aged 82. Bookmark with:


To which Mediterranean island were UN peacekeepers sent in 1964?

UNFICYP Background - United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus Resources UNFICYP Background The Republic of Cyprus became an independent state on 16 August 1960, and a member of the United Nations one month later. The Constitution of the Republic, which came into effect on the day of independence, was intended to balance the interests of both the Greek Cypriot and the Turkish Cypriot communities. Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom entered into a treaty to guarantee the basic provisions of the Constitution and the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Cyprus. «In the absence of a political settlement to the Cyprus problem, UNFICYP has remained on the island to supervise ceasefire lines, maintain a buffer zone, undertake humanitarian activities and support the good offices mission of the Secretary-General.» The application of the provisions of the Constitution, however, encountered difficulties from the very beginning and led to a succession of constitutional crises. The accumulated tension between the two communities resulted in the outbreak of violence on the island on 21 December 1963. On 27 December, the Security Council met to consider a complaint by Cyprus charging intervention in its internal affairs and aggression by Turkey. Turkey maintained that Greek Cypriot leaders had tried for more than two years to nullify the rights of the Turkish Cypriot community and denied all charges of aggression. Establishment of UNFICYP On 15 February 1964, after all attempts to restore peace on the island had failed, the representatives of the United Kingdom and of Cyprus requested urgent action by the Security Council. On 4 March 1964, the Council unanimously adopted resolution 186 (1964) , by which it recommended the establishment of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). The Force became operationally established on 27 March 1964. The mandate of UNFICYP was originally defined in the following terms: "…in the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions." That mandate, which was conceived in the context of the confrontation between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities in 1964, has been periodically extended by the Security Council. A coup d'état in Cyprus on 15 July 1974 by Greek Cypriot and Greek elements favouring union with Greece was followed by military intervention by Turkey, whose troops established Turkish Cypriot control over the northern part of the island. The Security Council called for a ceasefire and laid the basis for negotiations between Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom. A de facto ceasefire came into effect on 16 August 1974. Maintenance of Ceasefire and Military Status Quo Following the hostilities of July and August 1974, the Security Council adopted a number of resolutions which have affected the functioning of UNFICYP and have required the Force to perform certain additional functions relating, in particular, to the maintenance of the ceasefire. Following the de facto ceasefire, UNFICYP inspected the deployment of the Cyprus National Guard and the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot forces, and ceasefire lines and a buffer zone were established between the areas controlled by the opposing forces. The ceasefire lines extend approximately 180 kilometres (111.85 miles) across the island. The buffer zone between the lines varies in width from less than 20 metres (21.87 yards) to some 7 kilometres (4.35 miles), and it covers about 3 per cent of the island, including some of the most valuable agricultural land. Strict adherence to the military status quo in the buffer zone, as recorded by UNFICYP at the time, has become a vital element in preventing a recurrence of fighting. UNFICYP maintains surveillance through a system of observation posts, and through air, vehicle and foot patrols. The task of the Force has significantly been co


Monica Geller-Bing | Friends Central | Fandom powered by Wikia I KNOW! ” Monica Geller (born April 22, 1969) is a fictional character on the popular U.S. television sitcom Friends (1994–2004), played by Courteney Cox . Monica was known as the "Mother Hen" of the group and her Greenwich Village apartment was one of the group's main gathering places. Contents [ show ] Background Monica was born April 22, 1969. Monica is Ross's younger sister, and the daughter of Jack and Judy Geller . Monica, like the rest of her family, is Jewish. She had a slightly difficult childhood, characterized by the bickering which took place between her and her brother (some culminating in memorable events such as the Geller Cup , which took place every Thanksgiving). She also had, and still has, a difficult relationship with her parents, who unconsciously favor Ross over her on various occasions. (Her father did try to fix this by giving her his Porsche in " The One Where Rosita Dies "). High school was a difficult time for Monica, who gained a substantial amount of weight and peaked at 255 pounds. She had few friends; her best friend being Rachel Green . For prom, she even had a date: Roy Gublik . Her first kiss, however, was (by accident) her brother, Ross. [5] She met Chandler Bing at her parents' house on Thanksgiving Day, 1987. She initially had a crush on him (even became a chef because he told her that he liked her macaroni) until she overheard him referring to her as Ross's "fat sister." The shock was so great for her that she became determined to take off all her extra weight by the next time he would see her. She accomplished this goal by Thanksgiving, 1988. [6] She unintentionally got back at him by dropping a knife and severing one of his toes during a failed attempt to seduce him. After college, Monica pursued life in New York as a chef at Iridium . She also lived with Phoebe Buffay , across the hall from Chandler. Phoebe moved out because she was worried that their friendship would suffer due to Monica's obsessive tidiness. She had a crush on Joey Tribbiani when he first moved in with Chandler, although he repelled her by stripping naked in her apartment the day they met. [7] Personality This section is (partially) copied from Wikipedia . There may be an updated version available. While she is kind, caring and friendly, Monica is perhaps most notorious for her obsessive cleanliness (classifying places by cleanliness, where 'Monica-clean' is even cleaner than 'Health-Department-clean' [8] ). She is also known to talk abnormally loudly (such as in The One With The Apothecary Table ) and for her bossiness and unnatural organizational skills (such as The One On The Last Night ). Phoebe and Rachel also call her high-maintenance. [9] Aside from being a neat-freak, Monica can also be bossy and somewhat competitive, hating to lose in competitions. Cleanliness and Orderliness "Neat Freak" Monica is comically obsessive about the state of her apartment. She loves cleaning, describing a dry-cleaning establishment as her Disneyland. This personality trait becomes progressively exaggerated as the series progresses. Examples of this tendency include: In The One With The Embryos , we learn that she organizes towels into 11 categories, including "everyday use", "fancy", "guest", and "fancy guest". Later, boxes can be seen with other categories, "kitchen", "old", and "beach". This leaves 4 of the 11 categories unknown to the audience. She cleans the toilet 17 times a day (even if someone is using it). She labels everything, from dishes to photographs. She even numbers the mugs in her kitchen so that if one of them goes missing, she will know which one is missing. She tries acting like a kook. She pretends that she doesn't care that she has left her shoes in the living room, only to be rendered unable to sleep because she's left to wonder if she should go out and get them. She becomes anxious when Rachel moves the green ottoman while cleaning the apartment. Chandler says to Rachel, "Thank God you didn't try to fan out the magazines. I mean, she'll sc


What is the collective noun for kangaroos?

Collective nouns: Mob of kangaroos - Kidspot more Seasonal >> Collective nouns: Mob of kangaroos Kids will love colouring in these free printables of collective nouns. Not only does it teach them about collective nouns in a fun way but they'll be fascinated by the story of how it came about. This one is a mob of kangaroos. What you need Activity What are collective nouns and how are they used? Collective nouns are used to describe a group of objects or animals thinking or moving the same way. For example, you may see a few bees in your garden: One flying over the garden, one sitting on a flower and the other is chasing your brother. This is just three bees. If those bees are chasing your brother at the same time, he is facing a swarm of bees. Look out! Mob of kangaroos Kangaroos live in groups of 10 or more called mobs. They live in these mobs mostly for protection for the younger or the weaker members of the mob. A kangaroo's main predator is the dingo, however other predators are foxes, dogs or feral cats.   search listings Kidspot Marketplace is the place to find children’s services, products, activities and more. Try it today! kidspot marketplace kidspot can be viewed on multiple devices a note about relevant advertising We collect information about the content (including ads) you use across this site and use it to make both advertising and content more         relevant to you on our network and other sites. This is also known as Online Behavioural Advertising. You can find out more about our         policy and your choices, including how to opt-out here Copyright © 2017 Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. Sign in quickly and securely with your social network: Or, sign in with your Kidspot account: Remember me Don't have an account yet? Click here Register to get the latest Kidspot news & offers or enter competitions. Register quickly and securely with your social network: Sign in with Facebook Sign in with Twitter Sign in with Google+ Our Privacy               Policy includes important information about             our collection, use and disclosure of your personal             information (including to provide you with targeted             advertising based on your online activities). It explains             that if you do not provide us with information we have             requested from you, we may not be able to provide you             with the goods and services you require. It also explains             how you can access or seek correction of your personal             information, how you can complain about a breach of the             Australian Privacy Principles and how we will deal with a             complaint of that nature. Register with your email             and password: I would like to subscribe to the Kidspot Weekly newsletter * I would like to subscribe to the Kidspot Kitchen newsletter * I would like to subscribe to the Kidspot Birth newsletter * I would like to receive special offers & announcements from Kidspot *


In which European capital is Bromma Airport?

Stockholm-Bromma Airport Stockholm-Bromma Airport Stockholm-Bromma is Stockholm’s city airport and your fastest alternative to and from the Swedish capital. Advertisement Here everything is close at hand: check-in, security screening, services, baggage claim, ground transport and parking. At the same time, Stockholm-Bromma is a major airport − Sweden’s fourth largest in passenger volume. Because of its proximity to Stockholm and surrounding neighbourhoods, environmental standards are extra tough. Only the very quietest, most environmentally friendly aircraft may land at Stockholm-Bromma. Stockholm-Bromma Airport is the perfect location for companies with many contacts in Sweden and elsewhere in Europe. With an office at Stockholm-Bromma you can travel anywhere in Sweden in about an hour and to central Stockholm in less than 20 minutes. You get attractive space for both a large and a small company. Most of those flying to and from Stockholm-Bromma are business travellers. This makes the airport a place with excellent potential for marketing your company. Stockholm-Bromma is also the airport that gives you the fastest, smoothest journey to and from the Swedish capital. So you save both time and money. Food, shopping and services at Stockholm-Bromma At Stockholm-Bromma Airport you will find the following amenities, among others: Pressbyran (newsstand/convenience goods) Flygande Veteraner/Flying Veterans (aviation theme shop) Conference space


List of collective nouns for frogs frogs - collective nouns for frogs  army


Which late rock singer was known as ‘The Electric Poet’?

The Doors - Break on Through (to the other side) - YouTube The Doors - Break on Through (to the other side) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Oct 25, 2013 Oliver Stone's homage to 1960s rock group The Doors also doubles as a biography of the group's late singer, the "Electric Poet" Jim Morrison. The movie follows Morrison from his days as a film student in Los Angeles to his death in Paris in 1971, at the age of 27. The movie features a tour-de-force performance by Val Kilmer, who not only looks like Jim Morrison's long-lost twin brother, but also sounds so much like him that he did much of his own singing. It has been written that even the surviving Doors had trouble distinguishing Kilmer's vocals from Morrison's originals. Category


Which American author created Tarzan Of The Apes?

Tarzan of the Apes Citations Tarzan of the Apes is the first of twenty-four novels in the    Tarzan/Adventures of Lord Greystoke series by Sir Edgar Rice Burroughs.    The book is an American publication and was first published in 1912 in a    magazine titled the All Story . Tarzan was born in     the African jungle to Lord John and Lady Alice Greystoke. After the death     of Lord and Lady Greystoke, Tarzan was taken and raised by the ape Kala.     Tarzan grew knowing nothing of his "human" life, always thinking that     he was an ape. With the help of the books and tools left in what was once     the cabin where Tarzan's parents lived, he was able to teach himself to     read and write, but not to speak. Years later, an American     gentleman and his daughter Jane visited the jungle in hopes of finding     buried treasure. Instead, they found Tarzan, who worked to protect them.     The Americans and other men in their group did not stay long, they returned     to America. Tarzan was so in love with Jane that he followed her to America     and once again protected her, this time from a forest fire and an unsuitable     suitor, only to be turned down when she decided to marry another man. About     the Author Edgar     Rice Burroughs (1875-1950) After     a chain of unsuccessful jobs, Burroughs turned his efforts to writing     in order to support his family. Although he was first successful with     a series of stories set on Mars, Tarzan was the character that cemented     his name into literary history. Top   Dialogues Tarzan of the Apes      illustrates Tarzan as not only a jungle hero, but a man who is able to      communicate in many languages and styles. He can speak with animals in      their language and teaches himself to communicate in English writing and      later the spoken word. However, he uses each language differently and      treats the recipiants of his languages differently as well. Tarzan      to the Animals Tarzan,     though a citizen of the jungle, shows little respect for the other animals     in the jungle. He is continually looking to kill lions and other animals     for their skins and simply to show his brute strength. When dared by men,     not knowing of his jungle upbringing, to kill a lion with nothing but     a bit of rope and a knife, he complies. Having lived among these animals     for so long does not influence his decision, he simply kills for sport. Tarzan      to Women Lacking     in respect for the animals of the jungle, Tarzan lacks none for Jane. He loves her and tries his best to care for her. Although Jane's     reactions to his advances seem somewhat shocking, she adores him and admires     his strength and animal behavior. Tarzan likewise has fallen in love with     Jane and gives up all he knows in order to follow her to the United States,     and saves her life once again. This time, rather than take her away into     the jungle, he chivilriously allows her to make her own decision in the     face of marriage. Unlike     many of the male characters in African literature, Tarzan choses not to     devote his life to any woman except Jane. In this way he is devoted like     Mbenda in Agatha     Moudio's Son , yet different from Okonkwo or El Hadji in Things     Fall Apart and Xala . Tarzan      to the Villiage of Mbonga Tarzan     behaves essentially as a colonist toward the Villiage of Mbonga. He steals     arrows from them and frightens them into thinking he is a god. Although     these people look more like him than any ape in the jungle, Tarzan views     them as completely different. The racism Tarzan shows toward this tribe     in not unlike that which Kurtz and Marlow show toward the Africans in Heart     of Darkness . Tarzan      to American and European Men Tarzan      shows great respect to the men


Which T Rex hit was called 'Bang A Gong' when it was released in the USA?

No. 81: T.Rex, ‘Bang A Gong (Get It On)’ – Top 100 Classic Rock Songs No. 81: T.Rex, ‘Bang A Gong (Get It On)’ – Top 100 Classic Rock Songs REDDIT Universal T. Rex has probably the only song on our Top 100 Classic Rock Songs list with two different titles. ‘Get It On’ was the single’s original U.K. title and Marc Bolan and his group took the track, originating from the album ‘Electric Warrior,’ to No. 1 in 1971. Later, when the single was released in the USA (Jan. 1972) it was re-titled ‘Bang A Gong (Get It On)’ to distinguish it from another song with the same name by a band called Chase . The single went to No. 10 on the Billboard chart and turned out to be T.Rex’s shining moment and their biggest selling hit. The hypnotic groove of this Tony Visconti produced song begs you to play it repeatedly. The boogie-like piano, the Flo and Eddie (The Turtles) back-up vocals and Bolan’s sassy guitar give way to the simple but suggestive lyrics that radiate like the “hub-cap-diamond-star-halo” that the author sings about. Bolan found rhythm in his language and will long be remembered as a poet turned superstar. 40 years later ‘Bang A Gong (Get It On)’ still plays a crucial part in pop culture, most recently heard in the trailer for the upcoming ‘ Dark Shadows ’ film. Rewind through the decades and you’ll recall that the Power Station had a smash hit with it, Blondie have covered and recorded it live and last but not least, Joan Jett told Sirius radio that this single was one of the songs she used to learned to play guitar.


Prince William adopted which title in 2011?

What Is Prince William’s Surname And Could The Royal Baby Take His Last Name? What Is Prince William’s Surname And Could The Royal Baby Take His Last Name? 07/23/13 AT 10:35 AM Close Did you know that Prince William, along with his royal title, actually has a last name? Well, he does, and now that the royal baby has been born , will the new little prince adopt the family surname? William’s official title is Duke of Cambridge, but the public generally refers to him as Prince William. And though we call his wife Kate Middleton, as she was known when she first came into the public eye while dating William before the wedding in 2011, she is officially Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. Prince William and his brother, Harry, also often go by William Wales and Harry Wales, respectively, based on their father’s title, Charles Prince of Wales. And if that’s not confusing enough for us non-royals to understand, it gets even muddier when it comes to the royal baby. Though we do not know the child’s first name yet -- he was born just yesterday afternoon in London -- the newborn prince’s full name could vary. Or he may not have one at all, according to the BBC . Prince William Photo: Reuters It all depends on what Kate and William decide, but the royal baby could have a few options when it comes to his name. According to the royal family website , members of the British royalty can choose whether to have a surname or simply use the name of the royal house in which they reside. The couple could decide the baby’s surname will be Wales, as William often goes by William Wales from his father’s house. Option two: The baby could adopt the Cambridge surname, taken from the royal house in which his parents, William and Kate, live. Or, finally, the biggest mouthful of them all, Mountbatten-Windsor, which would make the baby’s full name… His Royal Highness Prince (Name) Mountbatten-Windsor of Cambridge. (Perhaps they should just name him Bob?) So where does the surname Mountbatten-Windsor come from? The Windsor portion of the surname comes from Queen Elizabeth II’s father, King George V, who selected that surname for the family in 1917 during the first world war. Before that, there was no royal surname and members of the British royal family simply used the name of whatever house they lived in. In 1917, he declared that Windsor, after the castle of the same name, would be used for the future. When the queen succeeded to the throne in 1952, she confirmed the surname Windsor. She'd married Prince Philip in 1947, and the Mountbatten part of the last name comes from him, the Duke of Edinburgh, who got the name from his maternal grandparents. The queen and the duke decided to distinguish their royal descendants from the rest of the royal family and adopted the full surname of Mountbatten-Windsor. That’s when the Privy Council decided on the surname for all the queen’s children moving forward. According to the official royal family website, the baby will likely adopt the Mountbatten-Windsor surname, though there is a choice involved. “Unless the Prince of Wales chooses to alter the present decisions when he becomes king, he will continue to be of the House of Windsor and his grandchildren will use the surname Mountbatten-Windsor,” the site said . So the royal baby, whose first name we await with bated breath, will indeed likely be: His Royal Highness Prince (Name) Mountbatten-Windsor of Cambridge. I’ll still put my money on Bob.


The Gay Gordons is commonly danced to which tune?

The Gay Gordons (polka) on The Session Eight comments The Gay Gordons This is the Scott Skinner original of the eponymous dance (I believe). There is another tune from Shetland in the database called "Gordon’s" but this is not the same or even a variation on it. I think ‘Gordons’ here is as in ‘Gordon Highlanders’ (possibly) and is a plural as opposed to the possessive (i.e. Gordon’s tune). I put it down as a Polka to get the right time signature but I think it is technically a March (but there’s no option for ‘march’ when submitting a tune). It’s a well known tune that’s fun to play at a good pace. . Gay Gordons ceolachan posted a lot of good information about "Gay Gordons" in the comments of The Meeting of the Waters https://thesession.org/tunes/4679 . “Gordon’s Mixer” ~ gin and what else? Here follow, eventually, a couple of alternates to the Nigel Gatherer ABCs copied here, though that notation has the parts repeating. To give further credit, Nigel gives as his source "The Master Method for Highland Bagpipe", 1953, with the composer for this number given as Mr. James Scott Skinner? ~ or in ‘letters’ and complete: X:237 B:Master Method for Highland Bagpipe (1953) Z:Nigel Gatherer e|A>B cB/A/|d>e fe/d/|ca cB/A/|cB Be| A>B cB/A/|d>e fe/d/|ca e/c/d/B/|cA A:|] c/e/|a>f ed/c/|d>e fe/d/|ca cB/A/|cB Bc/e/| a>f ed/c/|d>e fe/d/|ca e/c/d/B/|cA A:|] Anyway, here are the promised others, notated for a pronounced 4 count march: M: 4/4 K: A Major |: e2 | A3 B c2 BA | d3 e f2 ed | c2 a2 cB AB |c2 B2 B3 e | A2 AB c2 BA | d3 e f2 ed | c2 a2 ec AB |c2 A2 A2 :| |: ce | a3 f e2 dc | d3 e f2 ed | c2 a2 c2 BA |c2 B2 B3 e | a2 af ef/e/ dc | d3 e f3 d | c2 a2 ec AB |c2 A2 A2 :| K: G Major G3 A B3 G | c2 d2 e4 | B2 g2 d2 BG | B2 A2 A4 | G3 A B2 AG | c2 d2 e2 dc | B2 d2 de dc | B2 G2 G2 :| |: d2 | g2 ge d2 cB | cB cd ef/e/ dc | B2 g2 G3 A | B2 A2 A4 | ga ge d4 | c2 cd e4 | B2 g2 A2 cA | B2 G2 G2 :| or if you prefer it the other way, 2/4: |: e | A>B cB/A/ | d>e fe/d/ | ca c/B/A/B/|cB B>e | AA/B/ cB/A/ | d>e fe/d/ | ca e/c/A/B/|cA A :| |: c/e/ | a>f ed/c/ | d>e fe/d/ | ca cB/A/|cB B>e | aa/f/ ef/4e/4d/c/ | d>e f>d | ca e/c/A/B/ |cA A :| K: G Major G>A B>G | cd e2 | Bg dB/G/ | BA A2 | G>A BA/G/ | cd ed/c/ | Bd d/e/d/c/ | BG G2 :| gg/e/ dc/B/ | c/B/c/d/ ef/4e/4d/c/ | Bg G>A | BA A2 | g/a/g/e/ d2 | cc/d/ e2 | Bg Ac/A/ | BG G :| http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/musicscotland/celticroots/standard/dancing/dancing_feet.shtml As mentioned elsewhere, the Irish take on this, or even the Scottish country ceilidh, is not so mincing as this video gives or as the RSCDS (‘Royal’ Scottish Dance Society) would have us believe… Just be sure to have a dram or two of a lovely single malt and care nae more… All Star Ceili Band version X:10 C:As played by All Star Ceili Band (transcribed by Anna Nemeth) M:4/4 Q:1/4=100 K:Amaj e    |{c}A>c   ec/A/ d/c/d/e/ fe/d/|c/A/e/A/ c/A/e/A/ c/B/B/A/ B>{ce}z  |A>c    ec/A/ d/c/d/e/ fe/d/|c/e/a/e/ c/e/d/B/ cA A :| (3e/f/g/|a/>g/a/>f/ ec/A/ d/c/d/e/ fe/d/|c/A/e/A/ c/A/e/A/ c/B/B/A/ B(3e/f/g/ |a/>g/a/>f/ ec/A/ d/c/d/e/ fe/d/|c/e/a/e/ c/e/d/B/ cA A :| The All Star Ceili Band has become my favorite band since I got their casette http://www.regorecords.com/allstarceilb.html They play Gay Gordons as a hornpipe/barndance with an exceptional swing. http://www.ibiblio.org/fiddlers/GAMB_GAY.htm GAY GORDONS [1]. AKA and see “The Gordon Highlanders’ March.” AKA "Gie Gordans." Scottish (originally), New England; Country Dance Tune (cut time) or March. A Major. Standard. AB (Miller & Perron, Sweet): AABBCCDD (Cranford/Fitzgerald). This tune was included in J. Scott Skinner’s 1921 concert set romantically entitled "Spey’s Fury’s” and was composed in 1915 by the great strathspey artist The original title was “The Gordon Highlanders March” but came to be called “The Gay Gordons” through association with the famous Scottish country dance. The ‘Gay Gordons’ remains a popular couple dance, still occasionally to be found at New England contra dances, for example, and at Scottish dancing events, where it has been over time one of the


In the USA unidentified women are usually assigned which name?

Unidentified Dead Common on the Border | Latino America | ASU News21 2009 Story Archive Unidentified Dead Common on the Border Families of missing immigrants, law enforcement and medical examiners band together in a macabre effort to match unidentified dead bodies with missing persons. By Rebekah Zemansky TUCSON, Ariz. — The calls come in every day from people who are searching for sons and fathers, mothers and daughters, sisters and brothers. Robin Reineke seems unfazed by the volume as she patiently asks the same questions case after case. Where was he going? When was she last seen? How tall? How much does he weigh? Does she have any tattoos or scars? Has he had any dental work, and do you have a picture where he’s smiling? Death on the Border An Execution on the Border Reineke, a University of Arizona graduate student, is working for the Pima County, Arizona Medical Examiner’s Office, trying to identify the unidentified — scores of people who have died in the desert, most of them migrants crossing illegally from Mexico to the U.S. Pima County is more successful than most at the task — it identifies 70 percent of the bodies brought in. Yet staff members push themselves to do better — they know that for the 30 percent of their cases that are unresolved they cannot return the body to family members. And those mothers, fathers, sons, daughters, husbands and wives may never be at peace. “The tragedy of the situation is similar to the tragedy that we see on a daily basis here of people who often through no fault of their own or maybe were naive to some degree end up dying at the wrong place at the wrong time,” said Dr. Bruce Parks, Pima County’s medical examiner. Since 2001, Parks’ office has handled more than 1,500 border-crosser deaths, a major increase from prior decades. More than 500 are John or Jane Does — people whose bodies have been too damaged by the harsh desert conditions or who carry no verifiable identification. Southern Arizona became a preferred place to cross in the 1990s, when U.S. immigration officials implemented tougher border enforcement through Operation Gatekeeper in California and Operation Hold the Line in Texas. The clamp down in those states funneled more illegal immigrant traffic into Arizona. In the meantime, border security has been increased across the board, with more formidable fences and an increase in Border Patrol officers. All this has resulted in smugglers leading migrants through more remote territory — higher into the mountains, farther from towns and highways and deeper into the desert. Workers from Adair’s Carroon Mortuary help Santa Cruz County officials recover an unidentified dead body in the desert near Nogales, Ariz. “It’s been going on now for over 10 years and there are offices like this which are involved in finding out who the people are and there’re offices doing other aspects of the work to try to locate these people and save them and take care of them and render medical care, if they’re lucky enough to survive,” said Parks. “So in southern Arizona, and a few other places along the border, it’s a big deal and it’s a sad situation.” And the problem continues to grow worse. So far 2010 has broken records for migrant deaths each month: 18 deaths in January; 24 in February; 11 in March; 14 in April; 17 in May; and 25 in June. The process of identifying the dead is a painstaking one. Sometimes things fall into place — a missing person’s report matches physical descriptions of a body or other descriptions provided by relatives searching for loved ones. Reineke is the last person relatives of missing persons call. It means they’ve already spoken to other family members and aid workers searching for loved ones; they’ve already checked with the detention centers and the consulate offices. They’re facing an unpleasant possibility — that their search will have a quick ending and a very permanent resolution. The reality is that, for many of them, a process with an uncertain ending has only just begun. After each phone call, Reineke hangs up, and the detailed work of cro


Athlete Florence Griffith was given which nickname after her marriage in 1987?

Florence Griffith Joyner - Famous Olympic Athlete Florence Griffith Joyner - Famous Athlete Full Name: Florence Griffith-Joyner; also known as Flo-Jo Date of Birth: 21 st December, 1959 Died on: 21 st September, 1998 Country: The United States of America Sport involved in: Athletics   Silver medalist in the 200 meter sprint event at the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Games   Gold medalist in the 4x100 meter relay event in the 1987 World Championships   Silver medal winner in the 200 meter sprint event at the1987 World Championships   Winner of gold medals in the 100 meter and 200 meter sprint events in the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics   Winner of gold medal in the 4x100 meter relay event at the 1988 Seoul Olympics   Silver medalist in the 4x400 meter relay event in the 1988 Seoul Summer Games   World record holder in the 100 meter and 200 meter events   Received the James E. Sullivan Award in 1988 Career: Florence Griffith-Joyner started running at an early age of seven. She finished in the fourth place in the 1983 World Championships. Griffith's first appearance at the Olympic track was in the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Games . In the competition Griffith ended up winning silver medal in the 200 meter sprint event. In the 1987 World Championships, she won another silver medal in the 200 meter event. She became renowned as a 200 meter runner. In 1988, Griffith set a new world record in the 100 meter event during the US Olympic Trials. She reached the finishing line in 10.49 seconds at the 100 meter quarter finals. Griffith entered into the 1988 Seoul Olympics as a favorite for gold in the sprint events. She won gold medals in both the 100 meter and 200 meter sprint events. She set new world records in the events. The records are still unbeaten. Griffith also competed in the 4x100 meter and 4x400 meter relay events. In the 4x100 meter relay her team won gold medal and in the 4x400 meter relay event, the team won silver medal. Griffith was given the James E. Sullivan Award in 1988. After her Olympic victories, Griffith retired from competitive track and field athletics. She died on 21 st September in 1998. Performance at the Olympics: Florence Griffith-Joyner participated at the Olympics competition for the first time in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics . In the competition, Griffith won silver medal in the 200 meter sprint event. However, she became more famous for her long painted nails. In her next appearance in the 1988 Seoul Summer Games , Griffith won gold medals in the 100 meter and 200 meter sprint events. In the 100 meter event, she broke the Olympic record twice and set a new record of 10.54 seconds in the final. Griffith also set a new world record in the 200 meter event with a timing of 21.34 seconds. In the 4x100 meter relay event Griffith was a member of the champion team. Her team also won silver medal in the 4x400 meter relay event. Aquatics


Who was the second woman elected to the House of Commons?

Women in the House of Commons - UK Parliament Women and the Lords Women in the House of Commons In 1918 some women over the age of 30 got the vote.  It was also the year that, a separate law was passed - the Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act - which allowed women to stand as candidates and be elected as MPs. The following year the first woman MP took her seat in the House of Commons. The first woman MP The first woman to be elected to the Commons was Constance Markievicz, in the general election of 1918. However as a member of Sinn Fein, she did not take her seat. The first women to take her seat was Nancy Astor (Viscountess Astor), after a by-election in December 1919. She was elected as a Conservative for the Plymouth Sutton constituency after her husband, Waldorf Astor, the former MP, was elevated to the peerage. She held the seat until she stood down in 1945.  Although she had never been involved in campaigns for women’s suffrage, she was a great supporter of the women’s movement once in Parliament. Her husband also worked to promote the admission of women to the House of Lords during the 1920s.


Mary of Modena was the second wife of which of our monarchs?

Mary of Modena: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh, Where Mary Lived with James in the Years Around 1680   Mary of Modena lived from 5 October 1658 to 7 May 1718. Also known   as Queen Mary of England, Scotland and Ireland she became the second wife and   Queen Consort of James VII/II and was   the mother of James Francis Edward   Stuart, the "Old Pretender". The wider picture in Scotland at the time is   set out in our Historical   Timeline. Born Mary Beatrice Eleanor Anne Margaret Isabel d'Este, Mary was   the eldest child and only daughter of Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena and his wife,   the former Laura Martinozzi. On 20 September 1673 Mary was married by proxy in   a Catholic ceremony to James, Duke of   York, later to be James VII/II. On   21 November 1673 they were married in person in a Protestant ceremony in   England. Mary was James' second wife.   His first wife Anne Hyde had died leaving him with two Protestant daughters,   Mary (later Queen Mary II ) and Anne   (later Queen Anne ). Mary of Modena was viewed by many English Protestants as an agent of   Pope Clement X, who had been instrumental in effecting her introduction to James. James' recent conversion to Catholicism   had dismayed many of his subjects, and his marriage to Mary was seen by many as   a prelude to the reversal of the Reformation and the   re-establishment of Great Britain as a Catholic nation. One result was the need felt by King Charles II to keep James well clear of London. This resulted in James' appointment as King's Commissioner to Scotland from 1680 to 1682, though he and Mary had been living   in Edinburgh for some time previously. Mary and James had a number of stillborn children, but on 10 June   1688, Mary gave birth to a healthy boy, James Francis Edward Stuart who, all else being equal, would in due course succeed James VII/II as James VIII/III. All else was   not equal, however, and the prospect of a Catholic Stuart dynasty spurred the   Protestants into action. On 30 June 1688 a group of Protestant nobles asked William, Prince of Orange, by now   married to James' elder daughter Mary, to   come to England with an army to overthrow James. James was confident he would prevail, and   turned down offers of military assistance from Louis XIV of France. But when William of Orange landed in Brixham   in south west England on 5 November 1588 at the start of the "Glorious   Revolution", much of James' army   switched allegiance to him; and even James' younger daughter Anne came out in support of William and Mary. On 10 December 1688 Mary of Modena fled to France with her son James. The following day James VII/II tried to follow. He was   caught in Kent, but William allowed   him to leave on 23 December 1688. James was welcomed by Louis XIV, who offered him a palace and a large pension. James and Mary had one further child,   Princess Louisa Maria, who died of smallpox at the age of nineteen. Their son, James Francis Edward Stuart would become the figurehead of decades of Jacobite rebellion in Britain, and in   Scotland in particular, that would only end at the Battle of Culloden in 1746.   Mary herself died at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye near Paris in   1718.


In 1932 which record breaker was the second person to fly the Atlantic solo?

Amelia Earhart | 8 famous female aviators | MNN - Mother Nature Network 8 famous female aviators 4 of 11 Amelia Earhart This pioneering female aviator's claim to fame is well-known: in May 1932, the Kansas-born record-breaker became the first woman to fly solo, nonstop, across the Atlantic Ocean. Only one person, Charles Lindbergh, had previously accomplished that feat. In 1937, she disappeared at the age of 39 under mysterious circumstances in the central Pacific while making a round-the-world trip. In addition to her famous transatlantic flight, Earhart became the first woman to fly solo, nonstop, across the United States from Los Angeles to Newark in 1932. Earhart was the first pilot, male or female, to fly solo from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland (1935). Additionally, she was the first person to fly solo between Los Angeles and Mexico City and between Mexico City and Newark (also in 1935). Before taking control in the cockpit during her famous long-haul solo flights in 1932, Earhart was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger (1928). A prolific author and essayist, Earhart served as an editor of Cosmopolitan magazine from 1928 to 1930. An accomplished seamstress, Earhart designed and endorsed her own fashion line sold at Macy's . She is believed to be the first celebrity to do so. 10 surprising cities with great museums Amelia Earhart This pioneering female aviator's claim to fame is well-known: in May 1932, the Kansas-born record-breaker became the first woman to fly solo, nonstop, across the Atlantic Ocean. Only one person, Charles Lindbergh, had previously accomplished that feat. In 1937, she disappeared at the age of 39 under mysterious circumstances in the central Pacific while making a round-the-world trip. In addition to her famous transatlantic flight, Earhart became the first woman to fly solo, nonstop, across the United States from Los Angeles to Newark in 1932. Earhart was the first pilot, male or female, to fly solo from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland (1935). Additionally, she was the first person to fly solo between Los Angeles and Mexico City and between Mexico City and Newark (also in 1935). Before taking control in the cockpit during her famous long-haul solo flights in 1932, Earhart was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger (1928). A prolific author and essayist, Earhart served as an editor of Cosmopolitan magazine from 1928 to 1930. An accomplished seamstress, Earhart designed and endorsed her own fashion line sold at Macy's . She is believed to be the first celebrity to do so. SPONSORED


Which dictator moved into the Casa Rosada in June 1946?

“Peron or Death!” | Oswald Mosley | Briton - Fascist - European. “Peron or Death!” The story of President Juan Peron and his secret meeting with Oswald Mosley. General Juan Peron was once described as the only 20th century dictator who never had anybody shot. He was the colourful post-war President of Argentina who stood up to big landowners, big business, military juntas, global multinationals and the U.S. government in order to redistribute the country’s wealth more justly among Argentinean working people. During his period in office free medical care was introduced, social security was made universal, education became free, workers (and working students) received paid holidays for the first time and special resorts were built that offered all-inclusive two week holidays for 15 cents a day. Even when forced out of the Presidency and into exile in 1955, Peron maintained his influence on government policy through his descamisados (shirtless ones) in the powerful CGT trade union and successors sympathetic to him who ruled in his enforced absence before his triumphant return to Buenos Aires in 1973. Peron’s social reforms earned him the enduring loyalty and affection of a huge swathe of the Argentinean people on a scale inconceivable today.  Even in 2013, nearly 40 years after his death, four out of five of the country’s largest political parties describe themselves as Peronista. Juan Peron’s “doctrina justicialista” was inspired by the syndical socialism of Mussolini’s Corporate State during a pre-War visit to Italy and Germany. But although in the 1960s he referred to his economic creed as ‘national socialism’, Peron always kept his distance from the failure of pre-War European fascism. His greatest personal skill was the extraordinary ability to control and manipulate rival factions within the Peronista Movement – and use them to advance his agenda for the welfare of the Argentinean nation. Evita! However, mention ‘Peron’ outside of South America today and people instinctively think of Eva Peron – the former actress who became Juan Peron’s second wife. Known universally as Evita, she was South America’s foremost champion of legal rights for women and children and worked tirelessly on their behalf until her premature death in 1952. This icon of Argentinean womanhood, who gave women the vote and maternity benefit for the first time, and her Eva Peron Foundation, were revered without precedent in homes from Patagonia to the River Plate. Strangely, this partial eclipse of Juan Peron in modern perception by his beautiful and eloquent wife is partly due to a well-known former West London Organiser of Union Movement. One afternoon he heard two young would-be playwrights, Andrew Lloyd Weber and Tim Rice, discussing an idea for a musical about Eva Braun, the wife of Adolf Hitler. On hearing this, the West London Organiser leaned across the cafe table and assured them that if they wrote a musical about Hitler’s wife nobody would back it and their musical careers would be short lived. Had they considered writing a musical about Eva Peron instead, he asked? The rest, as they say, is history. The King over the Water.   During the course of Peron’s term of office as Secretary of Labour and Welfare (1943-1946) and his first two Presidencies (1946-1955), he embarked on a radical package of economic reforms based on the ‘Third Position’ of syndical socialism. Fiercely anti-communist, his doctrina justicialista was equally opposed to capitalism. Justicialism gave the working people of Argentina a huge say in the running of the companies they worked for – and as stakeholders were awarded a greater share of the wealth they helped to create. At the same time, a new construction initiative ensured that modern schools and health clinics were accessible to all – and Argentina’s vast low-income housing projects re-housed more people each year than any other country in the world. The ambitious reforms of General Juan Peron and his wife Evita did not meet with universal approval. Argentinean land and factory owners (and their officer sons in the


Pope Gregory XI was the last Pope to live in which French city?

Abridged History of Rome - PART II - V - The Popes Leave Rome Iconography Pope Clement V and the Move to Avignon The circumstances which caused the death of Pope Boniface VIII in 1303 led to the submission of the popes to the will of Philip the Fair, King of France. At the end of a twelve months long conclave which followed the short period in office of Pope Benedict XI, the king saw his efforts rewarded by the election of his candidate, the Archbishop of Bordeaux, who was not even a cardinal. The new pope summoned the cardinals and the key members of the Curia, the papal court, to Lyons where he was anointed and became Pope Clement V on November 14, 1305. The ceremony was attended by King Philip, accompanied by the top members of the French aristocracy, but the day was marked by dire portents: in particular a wall collapsed on the pope during the procession, he lost his balance and his crown fell to the ground. It was not the first time that a pope was conferred his office outside Rome, nor was it unusual for a pope to spend long periods away from his diocese, so the decision of the new pope not to hurry to Rome and to stay for a while in several towns of southern France was not particularly odd. Things changed in 1309 when the pope decided to permanently settle at Avignon , a town in Provence which belonged to the Angevin King of Naples , in his capacity of Count of Provence. In addition to choosing to stay in France, Pope Clement V appointed nine new French cardinals. At the request of the French king he excommunicated the powerful Order of the Knights Templar and gave the king a free hand in getting hold of their large possessions. S. Giovanni in Laterano : new ciborium (1370) The French popes who resided in Avignon for seventy years did not care about the maintenance and improvement of the great Roman basilicas. S. Giovanni in Laterano was partially destroyed by a fire in 1308 and again damaged by another fire in 1361. These fires caused a silver ciborium to melt down. It was only in 1370 that a new ciborium was erected. Its design, elegant but very similar to that of the ciboria erected eighty years earlier by Arnolfo di Cambio in S. Cecilia and in S. Paolo fuori le Mura, shows that Rome was lagging behind the artistic developments which in the meantime occurred in Tuscany and northern Italy. Decline of the Roman Economy The administration of Rome in the first half of the XIVth century was entrusted to a legate, a cardinal representing the pope, and to the Senator of Rome (also appointed by the pope), who had jurisdiction over some municipal matters. These two key positions were in the hands respectively of the Orsini and the Colonna. These two families were at loggerheads, but were united in the spoliation of Rome and in particular of its countryside. During this period of time the small villages around Rome were abandoned and replaced by casali, (farms) belonging to few important families who rented their estates to owners of cattle who used the land as grazing ground. The confrontation between the Colonna and the Orsini also led to a reduction of the security level both in Rome and along the roads used by the pilgrims to reach the city. The absence from Rome impacted on the authority of the pope: Pope John XXII tried to exert the traditional papal role in the appointment of the German emperor, but his excommunication of Emperor Louis IV of Bavaria had very little impact. The emperor invaded Italy, was welcomed in Rome by Senator Sciarra Colonna and he appointed a new pope, a member of the spiritual Franciscans, who advocated evangelical poverty. The emperor decided to be crowned in Rome, but he did not care about the religious aspects of the ceremony: the event took place on the Campidoglio and the crown of Holy Roman Emperor was placed on Louis' head by Sciarra Colonna, as representative of the City of Rome: after a thousand years (the practice had been dismissed by Constantine the Great in 313) an emperor was crowned on the sacred hill of Ancient Rome. In the XIVth century the great nati


Adrian IV, the first English Pope, was educated in which city named after the first English martyr?

BBC News - Nicholas Breakspear: The only English Pope Nicholas Breakspear: The only English Pope By Jon Welch BBC News Online Nicholas Breakspear became Pope Adrian IV in 1154 The 'fallible' Pope In the Vatican the preliminaries are over. Group discussions have been concluded, oaths of secrecy have been sworn and mobile phones have been handed in to ensure total secrecy. The 115 scarlet-clad cardinal-electors of the Roman Catholic Church who will choose the next Pope have shut themselves away from the outside world and started their deliberations in earnest. The conclave has begun. It could be several days before white smoke billows from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel, signalling that a new Pontiff has been elected. Although it is far from clear who will be chosen to succeed Pope Benedict XVI, it is a pretty safe bet that he won't be English. We need to look back nearly 850 years to find the last - and only - English Pope, Adrian IV. In theory, any baptised male Catholic can be elected Pope. In practice, the job always goes to a cardinal. Today, just two Britons hold that rank. One is Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, the emeritus Archbishop of Westminster, who has not been identified as a likely contender. At 80, he is no longer eligible to take part in the voting. The other is the disgraced Cardinal Keith O'Brien, who stood down as leader of the Catholic Church in Scotland last month and faces a Vatican inquiry into his sexual conduct. He has stayed away from the conclave. But for four-and-a-half years in the 12th Century, the top job in the Roman Catholic Church was held by a man from humble beginnings in Hertfordshire. 'Rose from nothing' Born Nicholas Breakspear in about 1100 at Abbots Langley, near St Albans, he was the son of an educated but poor man. "He rose from almost nothing to become Pope, and he did it all on his talents," said historian Anne Duggan, co-editor of Adrian IV, The English Pope. "It was an extraordinary achievement for an unknown from England." Breakspear's father, Robert de Camera, was a clerk in lower orders in the service of the abbot of St Albans. He entered the monastery, probably on his wife's death, leaving Nicholas to fend for himself. The successor to Pope Benedict XVI will be elected by cardinals in Rome Nicholas also sought admission to the abbey, but was refused, perhaps because of his lack of education. Undeterred, he went to France, studying at Arles in Provence and then joining the St Ruf monastery where he prospered, becoming abbot. Travelling to Rome on abbey business, he was noticed by the Pope, Eugenius III who kept him there, appointing him Bishop of Albano, in what is now the Province of Rome, in 1150. What are the pressures on a 21st Century Pope? Highly regarded by the Pope, he was given important jobs, including organising the Church in Catalonia after the defeat of the Saracens, and then in Scandinavia as papal legate. "If Breakspear had not become Pope, it is likely that he would still be remembered for his energetic work in Scandinavia in the early 1150s," said Fr Nicholas Schofield, archivist for the Diocese of Westminster. "As legate, he reorganised the Swedish church, sent missionaries into Finland and set up a huge bishopric embracing Norway, Iceland, Greenland, the Faroes, Shetland, the Orkneys and Sudreys (including the Isle of Man). "He is supposed to have written catechisms in Swedish and Norwegian as well as a history of his mission, although none of these have survived. Not a bad achievement." Power struggles When he returned from Scandinavia in 1154, Eugenius had died, and Breakspear became the 170th Pope, remaining in the post until his death in 1159. His reign was short but eventful. There were power struggles in and around Rome and tension between the Church and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I Barbarossa. Pope Adrian made peace with the city of Rome, resisting the emperor's attempts to secure control over the city and the papal territories in what is now central Italy. A plaque marks the site of Breakspear Farm where Nicholas Breakspear is thought


Alexander Graham Bell discovered that which type of cabling cancels out electrical interference?

Some interesting twists about Ethernet cabling - TechRepublic TechRepublic Networking Some interesting twists about Ethernet cabling Michael Kassner answers the question: why does Ethernet cabling use twisted-pair conductors? Here is the explanation, including some tips learned from cable installers about proper installation. In a recent post , Jack Wallen explained how to make Ethernet cable connections. In the ensuing comments, I noticed some interest in Ethernet cabling itself. That's understandable, Ethernet cabling does not look or act like normal wiring. Differential signaling To understand why Ethernet cable is built the way it is, it requires familiarity with how the signals are transmitted over the wires. The fancy term is differential signaling . During a digital pulse, each wire in the pair carries a signal that is the same voltage, but opposite polarity. The slide below (courtesy of Wikipedia) exemplifies the process: The greater the difference between the input pulses, the larger the output pulse, making it easier for the receiver logic to differentiate ones and zeros. I might add that this becomes more important as throughput rates increase. As you can see in the slide, differential signaling has some noise-canceling capability, but not enough when it comes to Ethernet cabling. That's because two types of interference come into play, electromagnetic radiation from sources such as power wires or crosstalk from other pairs in the same cable. Both introduce noise that reduces the differential. If there is enough noise, the receiver can misread what was sent. It's all about the twists The Ethernet cabling most of us are familiar with consists of four pairs of wires, twisted together, and enclosed in a single insulating cover jacket. Those twists are a pain when making connections, but are there for a reason. Transmitting Ethernet signals over a cable that small would not be possible without them. To understand the importance of twisting the wires requires learning about common-mode rejection . It seems that digital electronics connected with balanced lines , such as twisted pair Ethernet cabling are capable of rejecting noise, as long as the spurious emission is common to both leads in the twisted pair. It might help to use an example. I mentioned crosstalk earlier. If pairs were not twisted in Ethernet cabling, it is entirely possible for two wires in adjacent pairs to be next to each other for the entire length of the cable. That could skew the results by adding cross talk to only one leg of the pairing. If the wires in the pair were twisted, both wires in the pair would be affected the same. Then the receiver using common-mode rejection would be able to filter out the crosstalk interference. Geek trivia alert: This phenomenon was discovered by Alexander Graham Bell. In fact, telegraph wires were the first twisted pair. The wires switched position on the pole after a certain distance (courtesy of Wikipedia): Another twist Ever notice that some of the twisted pairs are easier to un-ravel? There is a reason for that. If adjacent pairs have an equivalent twist rate or pitch, the same wires of each pair could be next to each other for the entire run, negating differential signaling. In order to prevent that, Ethernet cable manufacturers use different twist rates (courtesy of Wikipedia): One last note, according to cabling best practices, pair wires should not be untwisted more than 13 mm. This comes into play when using punch-down blocks. UTP versus STP There are two types of Ethernet cabling, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) . Everything that I mentioned up until now, applies to both. STP cabling is used if there is an abnormal amount of electromagnetic interference. STP uses metal-foil shielding that directs any external noise to ground. The metal foil can surround each twisted pair (STP), all the twisted pairs S/UTP), or both (S/STP). Some installation tips Every time I work with cable installers, I bug them mercilessly, trying to learn what they consider important. Here are some o


The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (TV Series 1976–1979) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin  30min BBC Television comedy detailing the fortunes of Reginald Iolanthe Perrin. Disillusioned after a long career at Sunshine Desserts, Perrin goes through a mid-life crisis and fakes his own ... See full summary  » Stars: Reggie asks C.J. for a start-up loan to establish his shop Grot. C.J. thinks it's hush money to keep quiet about his hitting on Elizabeth and lends it to him. Grot sells highly unusual and often ... 9.1 Elizabeth has gone to stay with her sick mother so Reggie uses the opportunity for some afternoon delight with his glamorous secretary Joan, who proves herself to be up for it. Sadly,just as they are... 8.9 Reggie is about to open his fiftieth Grot shop whilst Sunshine Desserts has gone bust and is now a thing of the past. Generously Reggie decides to employ C.J. but makes him wait an extra week for his... 8.8 a list of 46 titles created 12 Jan 2013 a list of 21 titles created 05 Dec 2013 a list of 392 titles created 11 Mar 2014 a list of 26 titles created 13 Sep 2014 a list of 45 titles created 05 Jul 2015 Title: The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976–1979) 8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Popular sitcom set in a seedy bedsit lorded over by the mean, vain, boastful, cowardly landlord Rigsby. In each episode, his conceits are debunked by his long suffering tenants. Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Don Warrington, Frances de la Tour Terry and Bob from The Likely Lads (1964) continue their life after Terry arrives home from serving in the Army to discover that Bob is about to marry his girlfriend Thelma. Can Thelma lead... See full summary  » Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Brigit Forsyth A working-class Cockney bigot with a biased and expirienced opinion of everything shares them bluntly and almost carelessly. Stars: Warren Mitchell, Anthony Booth, Una Stubbs The adventures of two "likely lads" ostensibly set in the North East of England (but filmed in Willesden Junction, London). Terry and Bob have been friends since childhood. Bob is the ... See full summary  » Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Don McKillop Alf and Elsie are getting old, Rita's left home, Elsie's confined to a wheelchair. Alf must now do battle with the Social Security system. Stars: Warren Mitchell, Carmel McSharry, Arthur English Albert Steptoe and his son Harold are junk dealers, complete with horse and cart to tour the neighbourhood. They also live amicably together at the junk yard. But Harold, who likes the ... See full summary  » Director: Cliff Owen Terry is divorced from his German wife and has a Finnish girlfriend Christina. At Thelma's suggestion they join her and Bob on a caravan holiday but due to a mishap the men get separated ... See full summary  » Director: Michael Tuchner A satire show using puppets that are charicatures of major public figures. Stars: Steve Nallon, Kate Robbins, Chris Barrie Bless This House centres on life in Birch Avenue, Putney, where travelling stationery salesman Sid Abbott (Sidney James) and his wife Jean (Diana Coupland) live with their teenagers: Mike (... See full summary  » Stars: Sidney James, Diana Coupland, Sally Geeson Classic 1960s British comedy series about a middle aged man and his elderly father who run an unsuccessful 'rag and bone' business (collecting and selling junk). Harold (the son) wants to ... See full summary  » Stars: Wilfrid Brambell, Harry H. Corbett, Frank Thornton This prison comedy is based on the popular British television series of the same name. Long time Slade prison inmate Fletcher is ordered by Grouty to arrange a football match between the ... See full summary  » Director: Dick Clement Ria, a happily married suburban housew


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The name of which Titan was given to a large flightless bird of South America?

WOTD Video: Rhea   Perlman pied Rhea   Perlman (born March 31, 1948) is an American actress, best known for her   role as Carla Tortelli on the popular sitcom Cheers.   She is married to actor Danny DeVito. She received an   unprecedented 10 Emmy Award nominations for Best Supporting   Actress in a Comedy Series (Cheers ran 11 seasons). She won the Emmy four times. She later starred   in the short-running sitcom "Pearl" as the title   character, and was featured on the show "Kate Brasher." Perlman   met actor Danny DeVito on January 17, 1971, when she went to see   a friend in the single performance of the play The Shrinking   Bride, which also featured DeVito. They moved in together two   weeks after meeting. The couple married on January 28, 1982. They   have three children: Lucy Chet DeVito (born March 1983), Grace   Fan DeVito (born March 1985), and Jacob Daniel DeVito (born   October 1987). Throughout their relationship, Perlman and DeVito   acted alongside each other several times, including in the TV   show Taxi and the feature film Matilda. DeVito and Perlman   separated in October 2012. Prior to this, the family lived in   Beverly Hills, California, and also spent time at their vacation   home in Interlaken, New Jersey. *** Rheas   are large flightless birds native to South America. The name was given in 1752 by Paul Mohring; his reason for   choosing this name, from classical mythology, is not known. Rheas   are omnivorous, preferring broad-leafed plants, but also eating   seeds, roots, fruit, insects, and small vertebrates. *** Rhea   is the second-largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon   in the Solar System. It was discovered in 1672 by Giovanni   Domenico Cassini. Cassini   view of Rhea's anti-Saturn hemisphere, showing the moon's two   largest impact basins (Mamaldi above and left of center, and   adjacent Tirawa to its upper right) Rhea   is named after the Titan Rhea of Greek mythology, "mother of   the gods". It is also designated Saturn V (being the fifth   major moon going outward from the planet). Cassini   named the four moons he discovered (Tethys, Dione, Rhea and   Iapetus) Sidera Lodoicea (the stars of Louis) to honor King Louis   XIV. Astronomers fell into the habit of referring to them and   Titan as Saturn I through Saturn V. Once Mimas and Enceladus were discovered, in 1789, the numbering scheme was extended to Saturn   VII. The   names of all seven satellites of Saturn then known come from John   Herschel (son of William Herschel, discoverer of the planet   Uranus, and two other Cronian moons, Mimas and Enceladus) in his   1847 publication Results of Astronomical Observations made at the   Cape of Good Hope, wherein he suggested the names of the Titans,   sisters and brothers of Cronos (Saturn, in Roman mythology), be   used.