"In 2001, Karen England and Rebecca Knight, found busking in Covent Garden to support singing lessons, were invited to perform at the FA Cup Final & the UEFA Champions League final in Milan. Their album ""Beyond Imagination"" was #1 in the UK Classical Charts for 11 weeks and #4 in the USA. What are they better known as?"

Groups - Classical Crossover Global Music Affiniti's Facebook Affinití is made up of Emer Barry (Soprano), Aisling Ennis (Harp) and Mary Mc Cague (Violin). All three are classically trained and Masters of their instruments but it is their genuine affinity with eachother and their desire to create and perform together that makes them really special. Their music is hard to define - think the lovechild of Classical and Rock mixed with celtic blood and that's Affinití Emer (Longford), Mary (Louth) and Aisling (Dublin) all boast intimidating CVs. They have performed  as solo and orchestral musicians throughout Ireland, UK, Europe, USA and Asia with artists including Kanye West, Josh Ritter, Bill Bailey, WestLife, Michael Buble, Rod Stewart and Sinead O’Connor. They have been backed by the RTÉ Concert Orchestra in appearance on Mooney Tunes and despite keeping a lid on their recent activity are enjoying far flung admiration for their work. Equally comfortable in the realms of classical, rock, pop and opera, Affinití move seamlessly between the genres mesmirising audiences whether they are supporting Fr. Liam Lawton or Paddy Casey in concert. All Angel's Facebook Working beautiful four part harmonies around classical, opera and pop tunes, the girls have crafted a unique and entrancing sound. After they signed a five-album deal with Decca in 2006, their first two discs built them an awesome reputation in the Classical Crossover market and sold half a million copies. Their success earned the Angels platinum discs, appearances at the Classical Brits and accolades from Sir Paul McCartney, and all this while they were still studying for their A-levels. Their first album, the self-titled ‘All Angels’ was released in 2006, entering the UK charts at number nine. It was the UK’s fastest selling debut for a classical act, achieved Platinum sales figures, and earned them a Classical Brit Award nomination for album of the year at the 2007 awards ceremony, in which they also performed. 2007 turned out to be a fantastic year for the girls that also saw them perform for the Queen at the Festival of Remembrance at The Royal Albert Hall, and make a cameo appearance in popular British soap ‘Emmerdale’, performing ‘Songbird’. At the end of 2007, they released their follow-up album ‘Into Paradise’ to much critical acclaim. 2008 continued where the previous year had ended, with the girls continuing to perform across the UK. In the spring they embarked on a Cathedral tour and also performed at some of the country’s most prestigious venues with concerts at Sandringham, Blenheim Palace and Gawsworth Hall. To top it all, they were invited to perform the National Anthem at the England vs. USA football match at Wembley Stadium. The girls spent much of 2009 in the recording studio preparing for their third album. However they did manage to continue performing, and were invited to support Katherine Jenkins on her summer concert tour. Later that year, they performed at several UK arenas as part of the ‘Young Voices’ tour. Their third album ‘Fly Away’ was released in early 2010, and raced straight to the top of the Classical charts. The album found All Angels spreading their musical wings to explore folk songs, musicals, modern classics and spirituals. Tapping into the spirit of optimism triggered by the dazzling arrival of Barack Obama on the world stage, the common theme binding the material together was its American origins. 2010 also saw a change to original line-up with Rachel Fabri joining the group. They have continued to perform all over the UK with several summer festival appearances and concerts all over the world and last year released their digital EP 'Starlight'. They once again headlined the Young Voices tour at Christmas, which sees 11 performances at the UK’s largest arenas, including 3 nights at London’s prestigious 02 Arena, performances at the Royal Albert Hall and so on. Last year they also had the honour of singing during the Opening Ceremony for the Champions League Final game at We


In which country, in 1984, did the Prime Minister bar nuclear-powered or nuclear-armed ships from using its ports or entering waters?

new zealand s nuclear free zone : definition of new zealand s nuclear free zone and synonyms of new zealand s nuclear free zone (English) In 1984, Prime Minister David Lange barred nuclear-powered or nuclear-armed ships from using New Zealand ports or entering New Zealand waters. Under the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987 , [1] [2] territorial sea, land and airspace of New Zealand became nuclear-free zones . This has since become a sacrosanct touchstone of New Zealand foreign policy. [3] The Act prohibits "entry into the internal waters of New Zealand 12 miles (22.2 km) radius by any ship whose propulsion is wholly or partly dependent on nuclear power" and bans the dumping of radioactive waste within the nuclear-free zone, as well as prohibiting any New Zealand citizen or resident "to manufacture, acquire, possess, or have any control over any nuclear explosive device." [4] [2] The nuclear-free zone act does not make building land-based nuclear power plants illegal. [5] After the Disarmament and Arms Control Act was passed by the Lange Labour government, the United States government suspended its ANZUS obligations to New Zealand. The legislation was a milestone in New Zealand's development as a nation and seen as an important act of sovereignty, self-determination and cultural identity. [6] [7] New Zealand's three decade anti-nuclear campaign is the only successful movement of its type in the world which resulted in the nation's nuclear-free zone status being enshrined in legislation. [8] Contents 11 External links Historical background Initial seeds were sown for New Zealand's 1987 nuclear free zone legislation in the late 1950s with the formation of the local Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) organisation between 1957-1959. [9] [10] In 1959, responding to rising public concern following the British H-Bomb tests in Australia and the Pacific, New Zealand voted in the UN to condemn nuclear testing while the UK, US and France voted against, and Australia abstained. [11] In 1961, CND urged the New Zealand government to declare it 『will not acquire or use nuclear weapons' and to withdraw from nuclear alliances such as ANZUS . In 1963, the Auckland CND campaign submitted its 『No Bombs South of the Line' petition to the New Zealand parliament with 80,238 signatures calling on the government to sponsor an international conference to discuss establishing a nuclear-free-zone in the southern hemisphere. It was the biggest petition in the nation since the one in 1893 which demanded that women must have the right to vote. [12] File:Moruroa atoll.JPG Mururoa Mururoa atoll, and its sister atoll Fangataufa , in French Polynesia in the southern Pacific Ocean were officially established by France as a nuclear test site on September 21, 1962 and extensive nuclear testing occurred between 1966 and 1996. The first nuclear test, codenamed Aldebaran , was conducted on July 2, 1966 and forty-one atmospheric nuclear tests were conducted at Mururoa between 1966 and 1974. In March 1976 over 20 anti nuclear and environmental groups , including Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth , met in Wellington and formed a loose coalition the 「Campaign for Non-Nuclear Futures」 (CNNF). The coalitions mandate was to oppose the introduction of nuclear power and to promote renewable energy alternatives such as wind , wave , solar and geothermal power . They launched Campaign Half Million. CNNF embarked on a national education exercise producing the largest petition against nuclear power in New Zealand's history with 333,087 signatures by October 1976. This represented over 10% of New Zealand's total population of 3 million. [13] [14] At this time, New Zealand's only ever nuclear reactor was a small sub-critical reactor that had been installed at the School of Engineering of the University of Canterbury in 1962. It had been given by the United States' Atoms for Peace programme and was used for training electrical engineers in nuclear techniques. It was dismantled in 1981. [15] [16] Regional anti-nuclear sentiment was conso


What beverage was introduced to England from China by the Dutch in 1645?

The History of Tea – Its Influence & Spread Around The World – Ask Andy About Clothes The History of Tea – Its Influence & Spread Around The World The History of Tea The Legendary Origins  According to Chinese mythology, tea was discovered in 2737 BC by Shen Nong, also known as Yan Di or Shen Nong Shi – (2,852-2737 B.C.), the second of the three Chinese Emperors of the San Huang Period, (3,000 – 2,700 B.C.).  He was a scholar, the father of agriculture and the inventor of Chinese herbal medicine.His edicts required that all drinking water be boiled as a hygienic precaution. One summer day while visiting a distant region, he and the court stopped to rest, and his servants began to boil water for the court to drink. Dried leaves from the nearby bush fell into the boiling water, and a brown liquid was infused into the water. As a scientist, the Emperor was interested in the new liquid, drank some, and found it very refreshing. The tree was a wild tea tree, and so, tea was created. The Chinese Influence The original English pronunciation of the word tea was “tay” and can be traced back to around 1655 when the Dutch introduced both word and beverage to England. The pronunciation “tee” also originated in the 1600’s but only gained predominance after the late 18th century. Both words may have come from the Malay “the” and from the Chinese Mandarin character “cha” pronounced “t’e” in the Amoy (Xiamen) dialect.  The word was used to describe both the beverage and the leaf.   The Japanese character for tea is written exactly the same as the Chinese, though pronounced with a slight difference. Tea is first mentioned in Chinese writing in 222 AD as a substitute for wine, and in a circa 350 AD Chinese dictionary.By the third century AD tea was being advocated for its properties as a healthy, refreshing drink and the benefits of tea drinking, but it was not until the Nobility of the Tang Dynasty (618 AD – 906 AD) made tea fashionable, that tea became China’s national drink. As the demand for tea rose steadily, Chinese farmers began to cultivate tea rather than harvest leaves from wild trees. Tea was commonly made into roasted cakes, which were then pounded into small pieces and placed in a china pot. After adding boiling water, onion, spices, ginger or orange were introduced to produce many regional variations.Tea consumption spread throughout the Chinese culture. In 780 A.D., Lu Yu wrote the first definitive book on tea, the “Ch’a Ching”. He was orphaned and raised by scholarly Buddhist monks in one of China’s finest monasteries. However, as a young man, he rebelled against the discipline of training.  In mid-life he retired for five years into seclusion. Drawing from his vast memory of observed events and places, he codified the various methods of tea cultivation and preparation in ancient China. The vast definitive nature of his work projected him into near sainthood within his own lifetime. Lu Yu is known as the “Tea Saint”. The book inspired the Zen Buddhist missionaries to create the form of tea service that would later be introduced to imperial Japan as the Japanese tea ceremony, Chanoyu. The spread of tea cultivation throughout China and Japan is largely accredited to the movement of Buddhist priests throughout the region. 960-1280 Sung Dynasty. Tea was used widely. Powdered tea had become common. Beautiful ceramic tea accessories of dark-blue, black and brown glazes, which contrasted with the vivid green of the whisked tea, were favored. 1101-1125 Emperor Hui Tsung wrote about the best ways to make whisked tea. A strong patron of the tea industry, he had tournaments in which members of the court identified different types of tea. Legend has it that he became so obsessed with tea he hardly noticed the Mongols who overthrew his empire. During his reign, teahouses built in natural settings became popular among the Chinese. 1206 – 1368 Yuan Dynasty. Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan conquered Chinese territories and established a Mongolian dynasty in power for more than a century. Tea became an ordinary drink, never regaining the high


Which Mediterranean island is divided politically by the Attila Line?

Michael J. Totten: The Last Divided Capital in the World November 03, 2005 The Last Divided Capital in the World Cyprus is not the most happening travel spot in the Mediterranean unless you want to get drunk and party with loutish middle class Brits. It’s quiet, culturally blank, and underdeveloped. Its archeological sites are profoundly underwhelming. Most places on the south side of the island feel like North Dakota with Greeks. With the exception of the genuinely charming port town of Kyrenia (aka Girne), the north side of the island feels like North Dakota with Turks. But the capital of Nicosia is interesting because it is troubled. It is, I believe, the last divided capital in the world. The partition across the island is called the Attila Line. But in Nicosia it’s called the Green Line. It slashes right through the heart of the old city. Turkish Cypriots built a modern city to the north of it. Greek Cypriots built a modern city to the south. It’s not a fun place to visit, but if you go there you will find some drama – a refreshing change for the kind of person who gets bored by the dreary and stultifying resort towns on the coast. Cyprus is a member of the European Union. But the E.U. only “controls” the southern half. The Turkish military prevents the internationally recognized government (which is supposed to be Cypriot, not “Greek Cypriot”) from governing the whole thing. It has been this way since the invasion - which was backed by Nixon and Kissinger - in 1974. I don’t want to leave you with the impression that only the Turks are to blame. They aren’t. Cyprus was seized in a coup sponsored by the military junta that ruled Greece in the late sixties and early seventies. The junta aimed to annex Cyprus to Greece. Prior to Cyprus’s independence, EOKA fighters waged war against the occupying British soldiers and also against Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot civilians opposed to enosis, or union, with Greece. Before and during the reign of the junta, EOKA was resurrected as EOKA-B and continued its war (this time in a nastier form) against both Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot civilians. The junta collapsed in Greece, which triggered the collapse of the Cyprus junta later that day. But the Turks invaded anyway (a bit late, one could say) ostensibly to protect Turkish Cypriot civilians from oppression and terror. An ethnic population exchange followed Turkey’s imposition of apartheid. I am going to write about this at more length and in detail. This hotspot is completely ignored by almost everyone in the West, even though two NATO members use Cyprus against each other in their own private cold war. But first I want to show you what it looks like. Most of the photos shown below were taken illegally. This, right here, is what one border of the E.U. looks like. I took this shot from the “Greek” side. The enemy, if that is the word, on the other side is a member of NATO and hopes to join the E.U. The Greek Cypriot government set up a propaganda lookout point for tourists. I would have taken a photo from the platform, but as you can see a soldier stands guard. From the platform you can look out onto a long street in the buffer zone ruined by war and 31 years of neglect. Abandoned homes and businesses are inside the zone. You can still read the old store signs. Right next to the lookout point are photos of Greek Cypriot civilians after the invasion waving pictures of missing loved ones. But the Greek Cypriots lose credibility when they glorify an organization that committed terrorism and wanted to annex Cyprus to Greece rather than let it remain independent. Turkey isn’t the only country that needs to make some adjustments. EOKA was also a national liberation movement, to be sure. They were more than just terrorists. But the Turkish Cypriots understandably don’t trust them nor the intentions of those who uphold them. I found an abandoned house near the Green Line on the Greek side. No lights were on (obviously) and I could not see a thing inside. I held my camera up to the window, turned on the flash, and snapped this p


"In the middle ages, what infection was called ""the king's evil"", and, it was rumoured, could be cured by the touch of a king?"

King’s evil and the royal touch Select from the menus below to find out more about a technique or technology. King’s evil and the royal touch Charles II touching a patient for the King's evil. Add image to my collection In the Middle Ages it was believed in England and France that a touch from royalty could heal skin disease known as scrofula or the ‘king's evil’. Scrofula was usually a swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck caused by tuberculosis . The practice began with King Edward the Confessor in England (1003/4-1066) and Philip I (1052-1108) in France. Subsequent English and French kings were thought to have inherited this ‘royal touch’, which was supposed to show that their right to rule was God-given. In grand ceremonies, kings touched hundreds of people afflicted by scrofula. They received special gold coins called 'touchpieces' which they often treated as amulets . By the late 1400s it was believed that you could also be cured by touching a type of coin called an angel, which had been touched by the monarch. After angels ceased to be minted in the 1620s the same effect was said to be achieved by touching a gold medallion embossed much like the old coin. Some monarchs touched many people. King Henry IV of France touched up to 1500 victims at one time. The last English monarch to carry out this practice was Queen Anne, who died in 1714, but it continued in France. Louis XV touched more than 2000 scrofula victims and the last French monarch to do this was Charles X in 1825.


"In the song ""My Generation"" by the Who, what words follow the line ""People try to put us down""?"

The Who - My Generation - YouTube The Who - My Generation Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 1, 2012 Subscribe to The Best Of for more classic music history, videos and playlists: http://bit.ly/WdJ36u "My Generation" appeared on The Who's debut album of the same name. It was released as a single on 5th November 1965, reaching No. 2 in the UK charts and 74 in the US. "My Generation" was recently named the 11th greatest song by Rolling Stone magazine on their list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheRealBestOf Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheRealBestOf Visit http://www.thewho.com for more information. Lyrics: People try to put us d-down (Talkin' 'bout my generation) Just because we get around (Talkin' 'bout my generation) Things they do look awful c-c-cold (Talkin' 'bout my generation) I hope I die before I get old (Talkin' 'bout my generation) This is my generation This is my generation, baby Why don't you all f-fade away (Talkin' 'bout my generation) And don't try to dig what we all s-s-say (Talkin' 'bout my generation) I'm not trying to cause a big s-s-sensation (Talkin' 'bout my generation) I'm just talkin' 'bout my g-g-g-generation (Talkin' 'bout my generation) This is my generation This is my generation, baby Why don't you all f-fade away (Talkin' 'bout my generation) And don't try to d-dig what we all s-s-say (Talkin' 'bout my generation) I'm not trying to cause a b-big s-s-sensation (Talkin' 'bout my generation) I'm just talkin' 'bout my g-g-generation (Talkin' 'bout my generation) This is my generation This is my generation, baby People try to put us d-down (Talkin' 'bout my generation) Just because we g-g-get around (Talkin' 'bout my generation) Things they do look awful c-c-cold (Talkin' 'bout my generation) Yeah, I hope I die before I get old (Talkin' 'bout my generation) This is my generation This is my generation, baby Category


Nicole Kidman married which country singer in 2006?

Nicole Kidman biography | birthday, trivia | American Actor | Who2 Nicole Kidman Biography Actor   Nicole Kidman won the Academy Award as best actress for her portrayal of writer Virginia Woolf in the film The Hours (2002). Nicole Kidman was born in Hawaii but grew up in Australia, where she began acting in her teens. She married screen heartthrob Tom Cruise after they met while filming the race-car soap opera Days of Thunder (1990), and they were one of Hollywood’s most talked-about couples throughout the 1990s. Her films during that era included Gus Van Sant ‘s To Die For (1995, based on the Pamela Smart case) and Stanley Kubrick ‘s last film, Eyes Wide Shut (1999), in which she starred with Cruise. After a decade of marriage, Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman divorced, but her career soared as she continued to star in both mainstream Hollywood films and smaller, independent features. In 2001 she turned in an Oscar-nominated performance in Moulin Rouge and appeared in two other highly-acclaimed movies, Birthday Girl and The Others. Nicole Kidman’s other films include Far and Away (1992, with Cruise); Dogville (2003); Cold Mountain (2003, with Renee Zellweger ); The Interpreter (2005, starring Sean Penn ); Bewitched (2005, co-starring Will Ferrell ); Fur (2006, about photographer Diane Arbus ); The Golden Compass (2007, based on the book by Philip Pullman ); and the sweeping saga Australia (2008, with Hugh Jackman ). She was again Oscar-nominated for the 2010 parental psycho-drama Rabbit Hole. Extra credit Nicole Kidman married country singer Keith Urban on 25 June 2006. Urban, like Kidman, grew up in Australia… Nicole Kidman gave birth to a daughter, Sunday Rose Kidman Urban, on 7 July 2008. The couple’s second daughter, Faith Margaret Kidman Urban, was born on 28 December 2010 to a surrogate mother. “Faith was born through a gestational carrier and is the biological daughter of Kidman and Urban,” People.com reported… Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise adopted two children while they were married: Isabella (in 1993) and Connor (in 1995).


"According to the Bible, who denied knowing Jesus 3 times ""before the cock crowed twice""?"

Did the cock crow once or twice before Peter's third denial? | CARM Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry Did the cock crow once or twice before Peter's third denial? Matthew 26:34-35, 74-75; Luke 22:34,60-62; John 13:38 and Mark 14:30 Denies before cock crows (Mathew 26:34,74-75) - "Jesus said to him, "Truly I say to you that this very night, before a cock crows, you shall deny Me three times . . . 74Then he began to curse and swear, "I do not know the man!" And immediately a cock crowed. 75And Peter remembered the word which Jesus had said, "Before a cock crows, you will deny Me three times." And he went out and wept bitterly." (Luke 22:34,60-62) - "And He said, "I say to you, Peter, the cock will not crow today until you have denied three times that you know Me . . . .60But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are talking about." And immediately, while he was still speaking, a cock crowed. 61And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had told him, "Before a cock crows today, you will deny Me three times." 62And he went out and wept bitterly." (John 13:38) - "Jesus *answered, "Will you lay down your life for Me? Truly, truly, I say to you, a cock shall not crow, until you deny Me three times." Denies before cock crows twice (Mark 14:30) - "And Jesus *said to him, "Truly I say to you, that you yourself this very night, before a cock crows twice, shall three times deny Me..." If a cock crows a second time, then it has crowed once before. The problem is that in Mark, after Peter denies the Lord for the third time (Mark 14:71), immediately a cock crows a second time (v. 72). The other gospels tell us that after Peter's third denial a cock then crows. How do we reconcile this difficulty? Mark does not mention when the cock crowed the first time. Therefore, it is possible that after Peter's third denial, the cock then crowed twice; that is, two times in a row. This is logically possible. Peter's Denial of Christ John 13:38 & 18:25-27 Jesus predicts Peter's denial 34 Jesus said to him, "Truly I say to you that this very night, before a cock crows, you shall deny Me three times." 35 Peter *said to Him, "Even if I have to die with You, I will not deny You." All the disciples said the same thing too. 30 And Jesus *said to him, "Truly I say to you, that you yourself this very night, before a cock crows twice, shall three times deny Me."   34 And He said, "I say to you, Peter, the cock will not crow today until you have denied three times that you know Me."   38 Jesus *answered, "Will you lay down your life for Me? Truly, truly, I say to you, a cock shall not crow, until you deny Me three times.   first inquiry 69 Now Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard, and a certain servant-girl came to him and said, "You too were with Jesus the Galilean." 66 And as Peter was below in the courtyard, one of the servant-girls of the high priest *came, 67 and seeing Peter warming himself, she looked at him, and *said, "You, too, were with Jesus the Nazarene." 55 And after they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and had sat down together, Peter was sitting among them. 56 And a certain servant-girl, seeing him as he sat in the firelight, and looking intently at him, said, "This man was with Him too." 18:25a Now Simon Peter was standing and warming himself. They said therefore to him, "You are not also one of His disciples, are you?" 1st denial 70 But he denied it before them all, saying, "I do not know what you are talking about." 68 But he denied it, saying, "I neither know nor understand what you are talking about." And he went out onto the porch. 57 But he denied it, saying, "Woman, I do not know Him." 25b He denied it, and said, "I am not." second inquiry 71 And when he had gone out to the gateway, another servant-girl saw him and *said to those who were there, "This man was with Jesus of Nazareth." 69 And the maid saw him, and began once more to say to the bystanders, "This is one of them!" 58a And a little later, another saw him and said, "You are one of them too!" Bu


What was the first, and only complete, novel, published in 1788, written by 18th-century British writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights Mary Wollstonecraft?

Original Stories from Real Life - iSnare Free Encyclopedia Original Stories from Real Life Title page from the first edition of Original Stories (1788) Original Stories from Real Life; with Conversations Calculated to Regulate the Affections, and Form the Mind to Truth and Goodness is the only complete work of children's literature by the 18th-century English feminist Mary Wollstonecraft . Original Stories begins with a frame story that sketches out the education of two young girls by their maternal teacher Mrs. Mason, followed by a series of didactic tales. The book was first published by Joseph Johnson in 1788 ; a second, illustrated edition, with engravings by William Blake , was released in 1791 and remained in print for around a quarter of a century. In Original Stories, Wollstonecraft employed the then-burgeoning genre of children's literature to promote the education of women and an emerging middle-class ideology. She argued that women would be able to become rational adults if they were educated properly as children, which was not a widely held belief in the 18th century, and contended that the nascent middle-class ethos was superior to the court culture represented by fairy tales and to the values of chance and luck found in chapbook stories for the poor. Wollstonecraft, in developing her own pedagogy, also responded to the works of the two most important educational theorists of the 18th century: John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau . Contents Title page from Barbauld 's Lessons for Children (1778–79) Wollstonecraft's oeuvre shows "a keen and vital concern with education, especially the education of girls and women". [1] One year before she published Original Stories, she wrote a conduct book (a popular 18th-century genre, akin to the modern self-help book) entitled Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787), which describes how to raise the ideal middle-class woman. In 1789, she assembled The Female Speaker, a text meant to edify the minds of young women by exposing them to literature; she modelled it after William Enfield's anthology The Speaker, which was designed specifically for men. Just one year later, she translated Christian Gotthilf Salzmann's Elements of Morality, a popular German pedagogical text. Wollstonecraft continued writing on educational issues in her most famous work, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), which is largely a defence of female education . She also devotes an entire chapter to outlining a national education plan—she envisioned a half-public, half-private, co-educational system. [2] She also directly challenged Rousseau 's Emile (1762), which claimed that women should not be taught to reason since they were formed for men's pleasure [3] and that their abilities lay in observation rather than reason. [4] When Wollstonecraft died in 1797, she was working on two more educational works: "Management of Infants", a parenting manual; and "Lessons", a reading primer inspired by Anna Laetitia Barbauld 's Lessons for Children (1778–79). Wollstonecraft was not alone in focusing her revolutionary writings on education; as Alan Richardson, a scholar of the period, points out, "most liberal and radical intellectuals of the time viewed education as the cornerstone of any movement for social reform". [5] One reason these thinkers emphasized the training of the young mind was the pervasive acceptance during the 18th century of Locke's theory of mind . He posited that the mind is a "blank slate" or tabula rasa , free from innate ideas, and that because children enter the world without preconceived notions; whatever ideas they absorb early in life will fundamentally affect their later development. Locke explained this process through a theory he labelled the association of ideas ; the ideas that children connect, such as fear and darkness, are stronger than those ideas adults associate, therefore instructors, according to Locke, must carefully consider what they expose children to early in life. [6] Plot summary Mrs. Mason, Mary, and Caroline looking at Charles Townley's ruined mansion,


What name is given to a style of journalism that is written subjectively, often including the reporter as part of the story via a first-person narrative?

Hunter S. Thompson | Introduction to Journalism Introduction to Journalism August 3, 2008 at 7:46 pm fish4002 Leave a comment Hunter S. Thompson is the founder of Gonzo journalism. According to Wikipedia “Gonzo journalism is a style of journalism which is written subjectively, often including the reporter as part of the story via a first person narrative. The style tends to blend factual and fictional elements to emphasize an underlying message and engage the reader:” Most importantly is that Hunter uses satire along with events that happen to him to drive home his point. After asking three people in class Caty Livgni, John Giangrasso and Amy Eiferman they all agreed that when a journalist puts himself in the middle of a story you have a better understanding of the events making for a better article. Hunter was no exception to this in his first book about the Hells Angels he put himself into the biker gang when many Americans feared them due to the crimes they committed. The NY Times was impressed with what Thompson did stating he entered “a world most of us would never dare encounter:” Many of his non-fiction writing went noticed and Hunter even appeared in Rolling Stone magazine. Another important part of Thompson was his use of drugs which is talked about in much of his articles and is one of the substances he uses in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas the film as well as the book. One could make the case that Hunter’s drug use made him more creative and lead to many of the great books and articles that are out today. Although Amy had a disdain for drugs she said that many musicians have used drugs for creativity but shouldnt be a free pass to do drugs. John and Cathy both agreed that drug use was wrong and that there should be no excuse for using them. One of his books Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas would go on to be a famous movie starring Johnny Depp as Thompson in his persona Raoul Duke. One of Thompson key ideas is that he uses many different names when writing for articles for Rolling stone or any other magazine. The film today has become a cult classic among many persons although it did not recieve good reviews from the critics while it was in theaters. During his time at Rolling Stone Hunter amassed a bunch of articles together and wrote about the 1972 political campaign which was intitled Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail ’72. At this time in history there was a huge counter culture that clashed with the administration of Richard Nixon and the norms of society. If there was one man Hunter hated it would have to be Richard Nixon stating “For years I’ve regarded his existence as a monument to all the rancid genes and broken chromosomes that corrupt the possibilities of the American Dream; he was a foul caricature of himself, a man with no soul, no inner convictions, with the integrity of a hyena and the style of a poison toad”. One of the main focus of the book and the articles were on the campaign of George McGovern the democratic challenger to Nixon in 1972. He was the antithesis to Nixon and was in support of amnesty of those who left the country due to dodging the draft, a lax drug policy, on top of a pro life sentiment. This was used against McGovern in a campaign strategy by Nixon by referring to McGovern’s campaign as the three A’s amnesty, abortion, and acid.  Thompson actually liked McGovern but could see the writing on the wall, Thompson was never a fan of the politician but did appreciate what McGovern was standing for which was the opposite of Nixon. Today is another story although Thompson is dead we have another presidential race that mimics 72 in the fact that one candidate represents the past administration while the other represents a change in American politics.  Barack Obama is a young fresh face in american polotics a junior senator from the state of Illinois going against John McCain a senior senator from Arizona who was a war hero from vietnam. The fact that McCain represents an old administration that is vastly unpopular it is easy to draw reference to Nixon, while many o


What 3-wheeled microcar manufactured in 1962 and 1965 on the Isle of Man retailed for 199, and holds the record for the smallest-ever automobile to go into production?

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"Which English-born conductor worked with orchestras in Cincinatti, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Hollywood, New York and Houston, and collaborated with Walt Disney to produce the film ""Fantasia""?"

TIMELINE OF WORLD HISTORY TIMELINE OF WORLD HISTORY Pierre Monteux Pierre      Benjamin Monteux (pronounced: [pjɛʁ mɔ̃.tï¿½];      4 April 1875 ï¿½ 1 July 1964) was a French      (later American) conductor. After violin and      viola studies, and a decade as an orchestral      player and occasional conductor, he began to      receive regular conducting engagements in      1907. He came to prominence when, for Sergei      Diaghilev's Ballets Russes company between      1911 and 1914, he conducted the world      premieres of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring      and other prominent works including      Petrushka, Ravel's Daphnis et Chloï¿½, and      Debussy's Jeux. Thereafter he directed      orchestras around the world for more than      half a century. From 1917      to 1919 Monteux was the principal conductor      of the French repertoire at the Metropolitan      Opera in New York. He led the Boston      Symphony Orchestra (1919ï¿½24), Amsterdam      Concertgebouw Orchestra (1924ï¿½34), Orchestre      Symphonique de Paris (1929ï¿½38) and San      Francisco Symphony (1936ï¿½52). In 1961, aged      eighty-six, he accepted the chief      conductorship of the London Symphony      Orchestra, a post which he held until his      death three years later. Although known for      his performances of the French repertoire,      his chief love was the music of German      composers, above all Brahms. He disliked      recording, finding it incompatible with      spontaneity, but he nevertheless made a      substantial number of records. Monteux was      well known as a teacher. In 1932 he began a      conducting class in Paris, which he      developed into a summer school that was      later moved to his summer home in Les Baux      in the south of France. After moving      permanently to the US in 1942, and taking      American citizenship, he founded a school      for conductors and orchestral musicians in      Hancock, Maine. Among his students in France      and America who went on to international      fame were Igor Markevitch, Neville Marriner,      Andrï¿½ Previn, Lorin Maazel, Seiji Ozawa and      David Zinman. The school in Hancock has      continued since Monteux's death. Life and career Early years Pierre Monteux was born in Paris, the third      son and the fifth of six children of Gustave      ï¿½lie Monteux, a shoe salesman, and his wife,      Clï¿½mence Rebecca nï¿½e Brisac. The Monteux      family was descended from Sephardic Jews who      settled in the south of France. The Monteux      ancestors included at least one rabbi, but      Gustave Monteux and his family were not      religious. Among Monteux's brothers were      Henri, who became an actor, and Paul, who      became a conductor of light music under the      name Paul Monteux-Brisac. Gustave Monteux      was not musical, but his wife was a graduate      of the Conservatoire de Musique de Marseille      and gave piano lessons. Pierre took violin      lessons from the age of six. When he was nine years old Monteux was      admitted to the Conservatoire de Paris. He      studied the violin with Jules Garcin and      Henri Berthelier, composition with Charles      Lenepveu, and harmony and theory with Albert      Lavignac. His fellow violin students      included George Enescu, Carl Flesch, Fritz      Kreisler and Jacques Thibaud. Among the      piano students at the Conservatoire was      Alfred Cortot, with whom he developed a      lifelong friendship. At the age of twelve,      Monteux organised and conducted a small      orchestra of Conservatoire students to      accompany Cortot in performances of      concertos in and around Paris. He attended      the world premiere of Cï¿½sar Fr


What was the cause of strikes and rioting across France in October 2010?

France on strike - Photos - The Big Picture - Boston.com France on strike Weeks of strikes, protests and demonstrations have brought much of France to a standstill as workers, students and others voice their strong opposition to a government proposal to raise the age for a minimum pension from 60 to 62. A quarter of the nation's gas stations were out of fuel, hundreds of flights were canceled, long lines formed at gas stations and train services in many regions were cut in half. Protesters blockaded Marseille's airport, Lady Gaga canceled concerts in Paris and rioting youths attacked police in Lyon. The unpopular bill is edging closer to becoming law as the French Senate is preparing to vote on it today. Collected here are recent images of the unrest around France. Update: Pension reform bill just now passed by French senate . ( 40 photos total ) A man holds a placard which reads "Listen to the public's rage" during a demonstration in front of the French Senate in Paris October 20, 2010. French trade unions kept up their resistance on Wednesday to an unpopular pension reform due for a final vote in the Senate this week. (REUTERS/Charles Platiau)


The Priestley medal is awarded for excellence in what field?

Science - Awards & Winners Science Thomas D. Clareson Award for Distinguished Service The American Astronomical Society is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The primary objective of the AAS is to promote the advancement of astronomy and closely related branches of science, while the secondary purpose includes enhancing astronomy education and providing a political voice for its members through lobbying and grassroots activities. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) is a scientific and educational organization, founded in San Francisco on February 7, 1889. Its name derives from its origins on the Pacific Coast, but today it has members all over the country and the world. It has the legal status of a nonprofit organization. The Gold Medal is the highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society. The medal features an image of the 40-foot telescope that was constructed by German-born astronomer Sir William Herschel. The Henry Draper Medal is awarded by the United States National Academy of Sciences "for investigations in astronomical physics". Named after Henry Draper, the medal is awarded with a gift of USD $15,000. The American Society for Cell Biology's highest honor for science, the E.B. Wilson Medal is presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for significant and far-reaching contributions to cell biology over the course of a career. It is named after Edmund Beecher Wilson. The International Prize for Biology is an annual award for significant contributions to biology. The award was created in 1985 to recognize Emperor Hirohito of Japan's longtime interest in and support of the biological sciences. The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry is an annual prize awarded by Columbia University to a researcher or group of researchers who have made an outstanding contribution in basic research in the fields of biology or biochemistry. The prize was established at the bequest of S. Gross Horwitz and is named to honor his mother. The prize was first awarded in 1967. The NAS Award in Molecular Biology is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences "for recent notable discovery in molecular biology by a young scientist who is a citizen of the United States." It has been awarded annually since its inception in 1962. The Overton Prize is an annual prize is awarded for outstanding accomplishment to a scientist in the early to mid stage of his or her career who has already made a significant contribution to the field of computational biology either through research, education, service, or a combination of the three. The prize was established by the International Society for Computational Biology in memory of G. Christian Overton,[1] a major contributor to the field of bioinformatics and member of the ISCB Board of Directors who died unexpectedly in 2000. The Robert Koch Medal and Award are two prizes awarded annually for excellence in the biomedical sciences. These awards grew out of early attempts by Robert Koch to generate funding to support his research into the cause and cure for tuberculosis. Koch discovered the bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) responsible for the dreaded disease and rapidly acquired international support, including 500,000 gold marks from the Scottish-American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. The American Institute of Chemists, in keeping with our mission to promote the enhancement of the chemical sciences, offers the following awards to recognize outstanding achievements in the field of chemistry. The National Academy of Sciences Award in Chemical Sciences is awarded for innovative research in the chemical sciences that in the broadest sense contributes to a better understanding of the natural sciences and to the benefit of humanity. The Perkin Medal is an award given annually by the American section of the Society of Chemical Industry to a scientist residing in America for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development." It is considered the highest honor


"What was the preoccupation of John Nash Jr, the subject of the 2001 film ""A Beautiful Mind"" starring Russell Crowe?"

Famed 'A Beautiful Mind' mathematician John Nash, wife, killed in N.J. Turnpike crash |    NJ.com Famed 'A Beautiful Mind' mathematician John Nash, wife, killed in N.J. Turnpike crash MONROE -- John Forbes Nash Jr., the brilliant Princeton University mathematician whose life story was the subject of the film "A Beautiful Mind," was killed with his wife Alicia on Saturday in a crash on the New Jersey Turnpike. Nash was 86. Alicia Nash was 82. The couple lived in Princeton Junction. Police said the two were in a taxi traveling southbound in the left lane of the turnpike when the driver of the Ford Crown Victoria lost control as he tried to pass a Chrysler in the center lane, crashing into a guard rail near Interchange 8A in Monroe Township, according to State Police Sgt. Gregory Williams. The couple was ejected from the car, Williams said. "It doesn't appear that they were wearing seatbelts," he said. The second vehicle also crashed into the guard rail, Williams said. The taxi driver was extricated from the vehicle and flown to Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital in New Brunswick with non-life-threatening injuries. He was identified as Tarek Girgis, 46, of Elizabeth. A passenger in the Chrysler was treated for neck pain. The crash was reported at 4:30 p.m. The couple were pronounced dead at the scene at 5:18 p.m., said authorities. A spokesman for the Middlesex County Prosecutor's office said no charges were expected to be filed in the case at this time. Nash had been in Norway on Tuesday to receive the  Abel Prize for Mathematics from King Harald V for his work, along with longtime colleague Louis Nirenberg, for their work on nonlinear partial differential equations. Why John Nash was important to the world beyond mathematics Reached at his home Sunday, Nirenberg, who had known Nash since the 1950s, called him a "wonderful mathematician." After flying back with the couple back from Norway, he said they got into a taxi at the airport for the ride back home together. Nash, a West Virginia Native, shared a Nobel Prize for Economics in 1994, the year before he joined the Princeton mathematics department as a senior research mathematician. He is known for his work in game theory and his struggle with paranoid schizophrenia, depicted in the 2001 film, "A Beautiful Mind," starring Russell Crowe. In a Tweet, Crowe today said he was stunned. "My heart goes out to John &Alicia & family," he wrote. "An amazing partnership. Beautiful minds, beautiful hearts." Stunned...my heart goes out to John & Alicia & family. An amazing partnership. Beautiful minds, beautiful hearts. https://t.co/XF4V9MBwU4 -- Russell Crowe (@russellcrowe) May 24, 2015 A Beautiful Mind Nash, born in Bluefield, W.Va., grew up in West Virginia and received his bachelor's and graduate degrees from Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University). He received his doctorate in mathematics from Princeton in 1950. Named early in his career by Fortune magazine as one of the most promising mathematicians in the world, Nash is regarded as one of the great mathematicians of the 20th century. He set the foundations of modern game theory-- the mathematics of decision-making--while still in his 20s, and his fame grew during his time at Princeton University and at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he met Alicia Larde, a physics major. They married in 1957. They were a study in contrasts. He was lanky, lean and eccentric, and often with a sly smile. Alicia, a San Salvador native who still retained an accent, was always the family anchor. Former colleagues, friends, followers take to Twitter to remember Nash But by the end of the 1950s, the voices in his head began to overtake his thoughts on mathematical theory. In his biography, Sylvia Nasar described how Nash accused one mathematician of entering his office to steal his ideas and began to hear alien messages. She noted that when Nash was offered a prestigious chair at the University of Chicago, he declined because he was planning to become Emperor of Antarctica. Alicia had him involuntarily c


Copacabana Beach is close to which city?

The 10 Closest Hotels to Copacabana Beach, Rio de Janeiro - TripAdvisor Clear all Your selections   $27 - $655 Free Wifi Budget Beach Luxury City Center Mid-range Breakfast included Pool Hostel Romantic Best Value Free Parking Trendy Boutique Family-friendly Charming Quiet Restaurant Pets Allowed Suites Kitchenette Spa Bar/Lounge Airport Transportation Fitness center Room Service Business Classic Wheelchair access Green & up & up Internet Independent Hotels Air Conditioning & up Business services Meeting room Concierge Most Booked Hotels Copacabana Reduced mobility rooms Parque Lage Travelers' Top-Rated Hotels Sugarloaf Mountain Non-Smoking Hotel Barra da Tijuca Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil Corcovado Christ the Redeemer Centro Museu Historico do Exercito e Forte de Copacabana Ipanema Escadaria Selaron Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro Rodrigo de Freitas Lake Copacabana Beach Leblon Lagoa Best Value Hotels Botafogo Jacarepaguá Arpoador Arcos Da Lapa Maracana Estadio Jornalista Mario Filho Promenade Ipanema Beach Ibis Hotels Mercure Morro da Urca Leme Flamengo Novotel Ibis Budget Sofitel Golden Tulip $ $$ $$$ $$$$ Catete Santo Cristo Ibis AC Hotels Sheraton Best Western Premier Campo Grande Resort hotel Recreio dos Bandeirantes Ski-In / Ski-Out São Conrado Sol Hotels Bourbon Bristol Hotels Grand Hyatt Galeão Tulip Inn Grand Mercure Courtyard Adagio Hilton Hotels Porto Bay Hotels & Resorts Santa Teresa Ramada Encore Golf course Residence Inn Best Western Plus JW Marriott Blue Tree Hotels Belmond Ramada Gran Melia Royal Tulip Price per night


What name was given to the number 10 to the power of 100 (i.e. 1 followed by one hundred zeros) by nine-year-old Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner?

How did Google get its name? How did Google get its name? Posted: 3+ months ago by harlemHutch Topics: Details: Is there some kind of history behind the name 'Google' or was it just a random choice? Question is Closed Professor-X Google derived its name from the word " googol ", a term coined by then nine-year-old Milton Sirotta, nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner. The story goes, Kasner had asked his nephew to invent a name for a very large number - ten to the power of one hundred (the numeral one followed by 100 zeros), and Milton called it a googol. The term was later made popular and in Kasner's book, Mathematics and the Imagination, which he co-authored with James Newman. Later, another mathematician invented the term " googolplex ", which represents ten to the power of a googol - a substantially larger number. Some useful links about Google: Google Language Tools As Google is now the world's most popular search engine, its association with a number so vast is appropriate. According to www.google.com, "Google's use of the term [Google] reflects the company's mission to organize the immense, seemingly infinite amount of information available on the web."* In fact, this mission itself grows increasingly large daily, as the Internet continues to grow exponentially throughout the world. History of Google In 1995, Google's founding partners Larry Page and Sergey Brin met as students at Stanford University, where they began to collaborate on a search engine called BackRub. As this highly promising project developed, the two students managed to attract investors, and Google Inc. opened for business on September 7, 1998 in Menlo Park, California - like many promising IT companies, in a sublet garage. The company grew rapidly, along with site traffic, and in 1999 Google was named in Time magazine 's Top Ten Best Cybertech list. In recent years, Google has introduced a host of useful new features and products, including Google AdWords pay-per-click service, AdSense, the Google toolbar, and Froogle , a shopping search service first launched in December 2002. Finally, in 2004, the company went public, using an innovative electronic auction program to sell initial shares. Despite becoming a corporate monolith, Google has retained its hip, youthful image, and its dynamic corporate culture with an accent on fun (e.g., skateboarding in the parking lot) remains intact. For more detailed information about the founding and development of Google, click here . Languages of Google


"What are the last words of the film ""Gone With The Wind""?"

SparkNotes: Gone with the Wind: Important Quotations Explained Important Quotations Explained Key Facts 1. Gerald:   “Do you mean to tell me, Katie Scarlett O’Hara, that Tara, that land, doesn’t mean anything to you? Why, land is the only thing in the world worth workin’ for, worth fightin’ for, worth dyin’ for, because it’s the only thing that lasts.” Though Scarlett is too brokenhearted to pay attention to the advice Gerald gives her during the opening scenes of the film, it is one of the few bits of shared wisdom that seems to actually have an impact on her over the course of the film. All of Scarlett’s actions prove she is motivated mainly by self-interest. From her image-soothing marriage to a man she barely knows to her lifelong quest to steal Ashley from Melanie, the only clear beneficiary of anything Scarlett does is Scarlett herself. Somehow, finding Tara as a looted shell changes something in her, and she becomes willing to fight for the plantation as she will for nothing else. Scarlett is willing to forego her previous fineries and make her hands raw, working like a slave in order to keep Tara going. She is even willing to debase herself in front of Rhett—the one man who has always been able to see beneath her carefully managed surface—in order to hold on to Tara. When she becomes wealthy, she makes sure to devote enough money to see that Tara is returned to its former glory. Gerald’s words also offer an inherent hopefulness to the characters who don’t have their own land. The entire structure of the Old South has collapsed beyond repair, and everything that once made their homeland what it was has vanished, as the film’s title suggests. For some, like Ashley, this loss is enough to make them give up entirely, drifting along the rest of their days as they remember everything that once was. But as Gerald’s words remind them, the characters in the film have not been left entirely destitute. The South itself still remains, the land damaged but not destroyed by the fighting there. As long as the people pay proper homage to the land, they can’t be beaten. 2. Scarlett:    “Sir, you are no gentleman.” Rhett:    “And you, Miss, are no lady.” This exchange, which occurs just after Rhett reveals he has overheard Scarlett’s declaration of love for Ashley, neatly summarizes both the attraction and the fatal flaw in Rhett’s and Scarlett’s relationship. Scarlett is drawn to Rhett precisely because of how, in his daring and sexual magnetism, he is entirely different from the proper but utterly tame Southern gentlemen that surround her. His willingness to spontaneously sweep her into intense, dramatic kisses is scandalous in the eyes of society, but this is part of the passion and excitement Scarlett longs for from Ashley and from life itself. Rhett, for his part, is far more honest about the reasons behind his interest in Scarlett, often remarking on how different she is from other simpering Southern belles. Rhett, firmly rejected by everyone in his hometown of Charleston, has an outlook on life that has made him an outcast. He hopes that Scarlett, a woman who thinks the way he does and is unafraid to defy society, will break through his isolation. This passion has its negative side as well. Even though Scarlett is attracted by what sets Rhett apart from more traditional gentlemen, she is at times repelled by it. Despite how boring they might be, the milder, more well-mannered men—Ashley in particular—represent the refinement and promise of Southern society before the war. These are the kind of men a proper Southern belle should want, and despite her actions Scarlett still thinks of herself as a proper Southern belle. A gentleman would allow her to maintain that she is a refined lady, while Rhett insists on disabusing her of the notion at every opportunity. For the first half of the film Rhett seems to enjoy this duty, but by the end of the film he is clearly disgusted by Scarlett. He discovers that the unladylike woman he put his hopes in rejects the qualities required of a good wife: compassion, understanding, and caring.


In November 2010, Swiss voters decided to expel what category of people from the country?

Switzerland | World Elections World Elections Posted by glhermine Referendums on three matters were held in Switzerland on February 9, 2014. One issue was a mandatory referendum, because it modified the Swiss Constitution and the other two were popular initiatives which were placed on the ballot after they gathered 100,000 signatures from voters. Turnout on the three votes ranged from 55% to 55.8%, a rather high level in a country where turnout in both elections and referendums is usually below 50% (or barely above). Popular initiative “against mass immigration” The popular initiative “against mass immigration” was presented by the right-populist Swiss People’s Party (SVP), the largest party in the Swiss Parliament which is well known for its nationalist and anti-immigration positions. Contrary to popular perceptions, Switzerland isn’t quite an exclusive cocoon made up of Swiss citizens. In 2012, foreigners made up 23.3% of the Swiss population (about 1.87 million people), the highest number and percentage in the country’s recent history. About 64% of foreigners are EU and EFTA citizens (especially from neighboring Germany, Italy and France or countries such as Portugal); there are significant Serbian (6% of all foreigners), African (4.1%) and Turkish (3.9%) communities in Switzerland. Overall, 85% of foreign residents are European. Additionally, 34.7% of Swiss residents have ‘immigration background’ – including naturalized Swiss citizens and first/second generation foreigners. Switzerland signed an Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons with the EU (which also applies to EFTA member-states) in 1999, allowing for the free movement and employment of EU and EFTA citizens in the country. Immigration of non-EU/EFTA citizens is strictly limited, with the country largely admitting only qualified professionals and other skilled workers. Swiss companies must prove that they failed to find adequate Swiss or European workforce when employing non-EU/EFTA foreigners. Asylum seekers and refugees are not covered by these regulations. Immigration has increased significantly since 2008, with the economic crisis. Since 2007, immigration has increased by about 80,000 per year. In 2002, when the agreements on freedom of movement came into force, the Federal Council estimated that there would be about 8,000 immigrants per year – the reality has been 10 times higher. The large number of new immigrants in Switzerland created real problems in terms of housing shortages, overstretched transportation infrastructure creating traffic jams or overcrowded trains and major pressure on jobs, wages and rents. The situation is made even more problematic by Switzerland’s longstanding tradition of relative isolationism. On the right, there has been a significant emphasis on the protection of ‘Swiss identity’ or ‘Swiss jobs’. This isn’t the first popular initiative dealing with the issue of immigration or the feeling of ‘too many immigrants’. In 1970, an initiative by the far-right National Action which wanted to limit the foreign population to 10% by canton (25% in Geneva) was narrowly rejected, with 54% against. In 1974, a very similar text pushed by the same group, which proposed to limit the country’s foreign population at 500,000, was rejected by a wide margin (65.8% no). Two similar initiatives were rejected by huge majorities in 1977. These first anti-immigration initiatives took place following the first significant surge in the foreign population (in the 1960s and early 1970s). While unsuccessful, the environment created by these initiatives pushed the Federal Council to pass stricter immigration laws which led to a sharp dip in the foreign population after 1975 and until 1990. Beginning with another National Action proposal in 1988, the 1990s and 2000s saw another wave of anti-immigration initiatives – mostly proposed by the SVP, which at the same time saw its popular support expand significantly, becoming the single largest party in 2003. In 1996, a popular initiative “against illegal immigration” proposed by the SVP was rejected with 53.7% a


Royal mistress Nell Gwynn famously sold what items?

Royal mistress Nell Gwyn's expenses would shame our MPs but she was worth every penny | Daily Mail Online comments The most famous royal mistress in British history, Nell Gwyn, might have been a shopaholic, but she was a very meticulous one. It seems she kept a note of every act of extravagance she enjoyed, asking the Treasury to pay them off  -  and her long sexual liaison with King Charles II always ensured they all were. With the auction at Sotheby's next month of her shopping bills covering a three-week period in 1675, we can see that her cost to the British taxpayer might shock even today's MPs and MEPs. Unlike them, however, her expenses claims were always filed complete with receipts. King's privilege: Lucy Speed as Nell Gwyn in the film England My England Nell travelled everywhere by sedan chair, ordered a silver bed that cost £1,135 (or over £150,000 at today's values), bought three barrels of oysters a week, ordered children's gloves by the dozen (at a shilling each) and put her rum, brandy, cheese, custard pots and even fruit down to the public exchequer. There is nothing Nell Gwyn could have learned from today's footballers' WAGs when it comes to extravagance, with even the sixpence (£5 today) that she gave to a beggar at a theatre being charged to her royal lover's account. Yet I believe that, in stark contrast to many modern-day politicians, Nell Gwyn was worth every penny to the Stuart taxpayer  -  for she was one of the most attractive characters in British history. Attractive not just for her looks and figure  -  which were popularly acknowledged to be stunning even by the high standards of Charles II's mistresses  -  but also for her charming, self- deprecating, good-natured personality. The great diarist Samuel Pepys, who always kept a lewd portrait of her by his desk in the Admiralty, called her 'pretty, witty Nell', and certainly after 11 black and humourless years of Puritan dictatorship, Nell lifted the spirits of a nation. One of the reasons the British people took Nell to their hearts was that, unlike most of Charles's other mistresses, she came from humble beginnings. She grew up in Coal Yard Alley, a slum near Drury Lane, where her father, 'a dilapidated ex-soldier', was a fruiterer, and close to where her mother ran a brothel until she fell drunk into the Thames at Millbank and drowned. Historians are agreed that she worked on occasion for her father selling oranges and lemons, and some think she probably also worked for her mother as a child prostitute, too, though she always denied it. It was a lover of hers, the actor Charles Hart, who took her from selling oranges in the pit of the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane in 1665  -  aged 15  -  to appearing on stage there in a series of Restoration comedies and dramas. Famous mistress: A Probable portrait of Gwyn by Sir Peter Lely Her beauty, fine figure and expressive self-confidence won the hearts of ever-greater audiences, and the playwright John Dryden wrote risque prologues and epilogues especially for her. She had to learn these lines by heart after having them read to her, as she was illiterate all her life, signing herself 'E.G.' for Eleanor Gwyn. Britons had been starved of any play-going during the Puritan tyranny, so they took to Nell's sweet-natured bawdiness with gusto. During the Great Plague she move to Oxford to join the King's acting troupe, and later had an affair with the poet and courtier Lord Buckhurst, taking £100 a year off him in 'expenses'. But in January 1668, she got her big break, as the King noticed her at the theatre, and soon Pepys was recording 'that the King did send several times for Nelly'. That April, Nell and the King were dining together with the Duke of York and a cousin of the Duck of Buckingham when it turned out that only Nell had money on her to pay the bill. 'Odd's fish,' she joked, mimicking the King, 'but this is the poorest company I was ever in!' Having been the mistress of Charles Hart and the wealthy Lord Buckhurst, also known as Charles Sackville, she nicknamed her new lover 'Charles the third'


What artistic movement was brought to international attention at the World's Fair in Paris in 1925?

Revisiting the World's Fairs and International Expositions: General World's Fair Materials Articles Journal of the American Art Pottery Association. 18:3 (2002) [Special Issue “Art Pottery of the World's Fairs] Astley, Stephen. "Fountains as Spectacle at International Expositions 1851-1915." Fountains: Splash and Spectacle Eds. Marilyn F. Symmes and Kenneth A. Breisch. New York: Rizzoli in association with the Smithsonian Institution,1998. Denson, Andrew. "Muskogee's Indian International Fairs: Tribal Autonomy and the Indian Image in the late 19th Century." Western Historical Quarterly 34:3 (2003): 332-345. Describes the Indian International Fairs, an annual multitribal event held in Muskogee, Oklahoma from 1874 through the 1890's. Native Americans were among its organizers, judges, speakers, competitors, and attendees. Domingues, Heloisa Maria Bertol. "As Demadas Cientificas E A Particpaçäo Do Brasil Nas Exposiçöes Internacionais Do Secuco XIX." Quipu [Mexico] 12:2 (1999): 203-215. Driggs, Christopher G. "Nevada at the World's Fair." Nevada Historical Society Quarterly 42:3 (1999): 91-139. Nevada's participation in a series of World's Fairs from 1862 in London to San Francisco in 1940. The article discusses the effort to lure permanent residents fading in favor of a drive to attract tourists with money to the state. Ekström, Anders. "International Exhibitions and the Struggle for Cultural Hegemony." Uppsala Newsletter 12 (Fall 1989): 6-7. This article summarizes Swedish participation in various nineteenth-century world's fairs. Ekström discusses Swedish exhibitions in light of national consciousness, industrial development, and the establishment of cultural hegemony. Applying Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony, the author argues that the Swedish exhibition at the world's fair at Stockholm in 1897 represented a "manifestation of hegemony" which legitimized the social dominancy of industrialists. Ferguson, Eugene S. " Expositions of Technology, 1851-1900." Technology in Western Civilization. Eds. Melvin Kranzberg and Carroll Jr. Pursell. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967. 706-726. Gilbert, Anne. "Fair Souvenirs Offer Memories and History." Antiques and Collecting Magazine 107:4 ( June 2002): 28-30,63-65. Harris, Moira F. "Breweries, Medals and Three World's Fairs." American Breweriana Journal 102 (Jan.-Feb. 2000): 12-17. A look at three World's Fairs: the Philadelphia Centennial Fair (1876), the World's Columbian Exposition (1893), and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904), and the brewery involvement in each. Harris, Neil. "Expository Expositions: Preparing for the Theme Parks." Designing Disney's Theme Parks. Ed. Karal Ann Marling. Paris: Flammarion, 1997. 19-28. Harrison, Alfred C. Jr. "John Ross Key's World's Fair Paintings." Antiques 165:3 (2004): 78-87. The painter was the best source for color renditions of the fairs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries: a descriptive article about not only the paintings but art at the various fairs. Holliday, Laura Scott. "Kitchen Technologies: Promises and Alibis, 1944-1966." Camera Obscura 47 (2001): 79-131. Kosmider, Alexia. "Refracting the Imperial Gaze onto the Colonizers: Geronimo Poses for the Empire." ATQ 15: 4(Dec. 2001): 317-32. Information on the proliferation of world's fairs during the 19th and 20th centuries in which fairs served as vehicles that enabled the masses to consume the ideology of imperialism LeCroy, Hoyt. "Music of the Atlanta Expositions: 1881, 1887, 1895." Journal of Band Research 30: 1 (1994): 53-68. Marchand, Roland. "The Designers Go to the Fair, I: Walter Dorwin Teague and the Professionalization of Corporate Industrial Exhibits, 1933-1940." Design History: An Anthology. Ed. Dennis P. Doordan. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995: 89-102. Mills, Stephen F. "The Contemporary Theme Park and its Victorian Pedigree." European Contributions to American Studies 24 (1992): 78-96. Mills argues that today's Disney theme parks originated from the earliest Victorian world's fairs. What follows is an in depth comparison, with special attention to their


The city of Canton in China is now known as what?

Guangzhou Facts: Location, History, Travel Guide Guangzhou Facts  Chinese Name: 广州 (guǎng zhōu)  Alias: Five-Goat City, Goat City, City of Spike, City of Flowers  Location: South-central Guangdong Province , Pearl River Delta, Southern China (34°16′N, 108°54′E)  Urban Land Area: 3,843.4 sq km (6,000 sq mi)  Postal Code: 510000   The 16th Asian Games, 2010 Guangzhou, known as Canton, is a modern, vigorous metropolis. It is the third largest city in China and is the political, economic, sci-tech, educational and cultural hub of southern China. It is located in south-central Guangdong Province, north of the Pearl River Delta. It lies close to the South China Sea , Hong Kong and Macau . Pearl River (Zhujiang), the third longest river in China runs through the city and is navigable to the South China Sea. These geographical features bestow the name "South Gate of China" upon the city. During the Zhou Dynasty (1045 B.C. – 256 B.C.) the Cantonese peoples suffered from famine for many years. Legend has it that one day five immortals riding five goats with rice ears each of a different color descended from heaven and blessed the area with favorable weather that produced rich harvests. Thus, this city is also known as the "Five-Goat City (Wuyangcheng)" and the "City of Spike (Suicheng)." To express their gratitude to the celestial beings, the locals erected the "Five Immortals Temple."   Five Rams Sculpture Sun Yat-sen's Statue The local climate is sub-tropical. The average year-round temperature is 22℃ (71.6℉). The rainy season falls between April and August. The best time to visit the city is between October and December. Pleasant weather, abundant rain and sunlight provide ideal conditions for agriculture. Another alias of this city is the "City of Flowers" with evergreen plants and flowers blooming all year round. Detailed information of Guangzhou weather . Many historic sights including the Western Han Nanyue King's Tomb Museum , and the Bright Filial Piety Temple tell us the ancient history of the city. Baiyunshan Scenic Area and Yuexiu Park showcase the natural scenery of the city. Shanmian Island retains some of its former grandeur in the mansions with its exotic mansions. The Guangzhou Museum of Art is one of the best in China and is definitely worth a visit. Apart from that the real highlights are the city's markets and vast bazaars. Chen Clan's Academy The city has a massive number of malls and retail stores. Grand shopping malls such as the TeeMall Plaza, the China Plaza plus the trade fairs in the Guangzhou International Building provide easy access to top-notch products from all over the world. Visitors will enjoy stroll on the Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street and Beijing Road Business Street. The city is a true shoppers'paradise. The city also has a worldwide reputation for good food. It has more restaurants and teahouses than any other city in China. Cantonese cuisine (Yuecai), one of the eight famous cuisines of China, is redolent with color, fragrance, taste and presentation. Yuecai is an absolute "must do" when dining there. Try the famous Cantonese pastries well known for their wide range of varieties, delicate flavors and different hues. As the most important center of foreign commerce in South China, this city has hosted the China Import and Export Fair ( Canton Fair ) twice a year since 1957. Do make a reservation in advance if you decide to visit the city during the fair. Individuals touring for pleasure should be aware that hotel rates become quite expensive during that period.  You can book Canton fair hotels in advance with great discount.  Go to see History of the City  Recommended Itineraries:  Sightseeing City : 3 Days to Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Memorial Hall, Yuexiu Park, Temple of the Six Banyan Trees, Qingping Market and Shamian Island.


Between 1979 and 1990, the Sandinistas and the Contras were participants in a Civil War in which country?

Sandinista | political and military organization, Nicaragua | Britannica.com political and military organization, Nicaragua Written By: Alternative Titles: Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN, Sandinista National Liberation Front Related Topics Daniel Ortega Sandinista, member of Sandinista National Liberation Front, Spanish Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), one of a Nicaraguan group that overthrew President Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979, ending 46 years of dictatorship by the Somoza family . The Sandinistas governed Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990. Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega was reelected as president in 2006, 2011, and 2016. Sandinista supporters in Managua, Nicaragua, on July 19, 2009, celebrating the 30th anniversary of … Miguel Alvarez/AP Named for César Augusto Sandino , a hero of Nicaraguan resistance to U.S. military occupation (1927–33), the FSLN was founded in 1962 by Carlos Fonseca Amador , Silvio Mayorga, and Tomás Borge Martínez as a revolutionary group committed to socialism and to the overthrow of the Somoza family. Over the next 10 years the FSLN organized political support among students, workers, and peasants. By the mid-1970s its attacks on the Nicaraguan National Guard from sanctuaries in Honduras and Costa Rica were serious enough that Somoza unleashed bloody reprisals against the Sandinistas. Fonseca and Mayorga were killed, and the FSLN split into three tendencias, or factions, that differed over whether the group should organize revolutionary cells only in the cities, continue to gradually accumulate support throughout the country, or coalesce with other political groups in the growing rebellion. The Nicaraguan revolution of 1978–79 reunited the Sandinistas under the third tendencia, headed by Daniel and Humberto Ortega Saavedra, and the FSLN, now numbering about 5,000 fighters, defeated the National Guard and overthrew Somoza in July 1979. A nine-member National Directorate, composed of three comandantes from each faction, was then set up to lead the FSLN and set policy for a governing junta that was headed by Daniel Ortega . Once in power in Nicaragua, the FSLN organized itself into local and regional committees and built up support through mass organizations of workers, young people, and other groups. To fight off the attacks of the counterrevolutionary forces known as the contras , who were based in Honduras and were in part armed and financed by the United States, Humberto Ortega created the 50,000-strong Sandinista Popular Army, and Tomás Borge organized a secret-police force to guard against espionage and dissent. The resignations of various non-Marxist members of the Sandinista leadership, chiefly over issues of political rights, pushed the party and Nicaragua progressively to the left, and both became dependent on the support of the Soviet Union and Cuba . Similar Topics


"The ""Westminster"", that is held annually at Madison Square Garden in New York, is what sort of event?"

Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show | TVmaze Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show Gallery (1) Follow The "Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show" is a two-day, all-breed benched conformation show that takes place at Madison Square Garden in New York City annually. The first Westminster show was held in 1877. The first Westminster show was first held on May 8, 1877, making it the second-longest continuously held sporting event in the United States behind only the Kentucky Derby, which was first held in 1875. (Both events were held even during the World War years.) The show originated as a show for gun dogs, primarily Setters and Pointers, initiated by a group of hunters who met regularly at the Westminster Hotel at Irving Place and Sixteenth Street in Manhattan. They decided to create a kennel club called the Westminster Kennel Club specifically for the purpose of holding a dog show. The prizes for these first shows included such items as pearl handled pistols, of use to the hunters and terriermen who worked these dogs in the field. The USA Network broadcast the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show from 1984 through 2016, with coverage under the auspices of NBC Sports in later years. Sister network CNBC had also aired portions of the event. On July 28, 2015, it was announced that Fox Sports had acquired rights to the event under a 10-year deal beginning in 2017. Coverage will be split between Fox Sports 1 and Nat Geo Wild. David Frei has co-hosted the event since 1990. His partners have been Al Trautwig (1990-1991, 1993), Bud Collins (1992), Joe Garagiola (1994-2002), Mark McEwen (2003-2004), Lester Holt (2005, 2007-2008), Debbye Turner (2006), Mary Carillo (2009, 2011-Present), and Tamron Hall (2010). Share this on:


What musical features the characters Frank N Furter and Riff Raff?

The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Rocky Horror Picture Show ( 1975 ) R | A newly engaged couple have a breakdown in an isolated area and must pay a call to the bizarre residence of Dr. Frank-N-Furter. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 31 titles created 31 Jul 2011 a list of 47 titles created 10 Sep 2011 a list of 41 titles created 07 Oct 2013 a list of 22 titles created 02 Aug 2015 a list of 33 images created 20 Dec 2015 Title: The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) 7.4/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 2 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A straitlaced, square couple, seeking shelter from a storm, find themselves in the castle of a transgender alien mad scientist intent on creating a buff bodybuilder. Director: Kenny Ortega Good girl Sandy and greaser Danny fell in love over the summer. When they unexpectedly discover they're now in the same high school, will they be able to rekindle their romance? Director: Randal Kleiser A nerdy florist finds his chance for success and romance with the help of a giant man-eating plant who demands to be fed. Director: Frank Oz A live stage production of the musical, filmed at the Playhouse Theatre in London, commemorating the 40th anniversary of the release of The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975). Director: Christopher Luscombe A poet falls for a beautiful courtesan whom a jealous duke covets. Director: Baz Luhrmann A female girlie club entertainer in Weimar Republic era Berlin romances two men while the Nazi Party rises to power around them. Director: Bob Fosse Two youngsters from rival New York City gangs fall in love, but tensions between their respective friends build toward tragedy. Directors: Jerome Robbins, Robert Wise Stars: Natalie Wood, George Chakiris, Richard Beymer Murderesses Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart find themselves on death row together and fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows in 1920s Chicago. Director: Rob Marshall Fifteen years after murdering his sister on Halloween night 1963, Michael Myers escapes from a mental hospital and returns to the small town of Haddonfield to kill again. Director: John Carpenter A couple of recently deceased ghosts contract the services of a "bio-exorcist" in order to remove the obnoxious new owners of their house. Director: Tim Burton Cady Heron is a hit with The Plastics, the A-list girl clique at her new school, until she makes the mistake of falling for Aaron Samuels, the ex-boyfriend of alpha Plastic Regina George. Director: Mark Waters A gentle man, with scissors for hands, is brought into a new community after living in isolation. Director: Tim Burton Edit Storyline It's the weird and wonderful as newly engaged couple Brad and Janet encounter a problem when their car halts in the rain. They both look for contact, only to find themselves at the castle of Dr. Frank-N-Furter, a transvestite. A place to stay is offered, but will Brad and Janet want to remain there? Especially when a large group of Transylvanians dance to the 'Time Warp', Dr. Frank-N-Furter builds his own man and a whole host of participation for the audience to enjoy. Written by simon A Different Set Of Jaws. See more  » Genres: 31 August 1975 (Italy) See more  » Also Known As: Orgía de horror y locura See more  » Filming Locations: (edited) Sound Mix: Chace Surround (Remix for video release)| Mono (35 mm optical prints)| 4-Track Stereo (35 mm magnetic prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Tim Curry was very reluctant to talk about the film for years due to some not-very-good memories about his more rabid fans. He even told VH-1 that he grew "chubby and plain" in order to try escaping the role of Frank. These days, he's more open to talk about the film and even sees it as a "Rite of


Military signals are usually played on which instrument?

Roman Musical Instruments Roman Musical Instruments Article by Fulvia Unfortunately for the study of Classical music only a limited amount of information is known about Roman musical history. Relatively little has survived to be passed down which deals with Roman music specifically. A possible explanation for this is the Churchï¿½s suppression and prohibition of the musical culture due to its presence in all things pagan. What is known about the role that music played in Roman society is that, unlike Greece where music was an integral part of life, philosophy and proper education, Rome did not embrace music with the same level of awe, nor was it considered central in its importance to a proper life. Nevertheless, music did still play a critical and inseparable part in the religious, military and civil realms where it was used by the State, in domestic settings and for entertainment. Its uses continued from accompaniments and large scale performances to smaller employment by taverns and street side buskers. There have been a number of cultural situations that have been put forward which could account for the Romansï¿½ devaluation of music in their society and instead relied upon others, namely the Etruscans and Greeks, to be the faucet for their musical experiences. There is no strong evidence that supports that the Romans had musical accompaniment for any literary performance and there certainly is no support for poetry and epics having musical accompaniment; this is quite in contrast to how the Greeks read their poetry and epics. However, we do know that it was certainly composed for the comedies and that pantomime was strong on having musical accompaniment. Romantic and comedic mime performers sang and danced to pipes, brass and percussion. There is also the issue with the educated, high class Romans who actually wrote on music. These Romans tended to have strong respect for their Hellenistic predecessors and so preferred the ï¿½pureï¿½ Greeks forms as their foundation rather than the less authoritative Latin works, and so, it is the Greek theories and thoughts that have been passed down rather than the Roman. Greece also had a long and successful history with its music and was well rooted in its proficiency in all areas of its learning and instruments. Instead of breaking the ground twice, the practical Roman writers simply relied upon that which had already been established with wide acceptance throughout the Hellenistic world. With this, the Roman attitude had no contention. Like a number of other social topics in Roman life, music was piously condemned but despite this it was still embraced. Children were taught it and women were expected to be capable musicians usually on the lyre and/or pipes as these were domestically the most common. It is no surprise that the Romans borrowed their musical theory and instruments from the cultures around them and fit them to their needs, and this holds especially true as the Empire grew and absorbed a greater variety of cultures. It is the Etruscans and Greeks who impacted the Romans most heavily with their strong and imaginative musical culture. However, unlike much of what Rome adopted, music was one area that they put little to no effort into making a Roman version of; perhaps due to a lack of desire or natural skill. They comforted themselves in this deficit by viewing musical inclination as effeminate and disreputable. This attitude is typified by Suetonius writing about the Emperor Nero when he wrote, ï¿½ï¿½the scandalous and criminal part of his conduct, of which I shall now give an accountï¿½ [was that] he was instructed in musicï¿½ (Nero, 19).The Romans were happy listeners content in their lack of ability and interest and focused their civilizing efforts to areas not so powerfully mastered by the Greeks. The Etruscan musical influence on Rome is well known but the depth of that influence is more difficult to pin down. It is sure that the Romans leaned heavily upon the Etruscans particularly in the religious realm even down into Virgilï¿½s time when he idealized a sacri


Where was the original Globe Theatre located?

Shakespeare's Globe: About Us - Original Globe / Shakespeare's Globe History does not repeat itself In 2010 Henry VIII was staged to great acclaim, and perhaps more importantly no fires! + share this page During the first years of Elizabeth’s reign, the English playing companies used inns, inn yards, college halls and private houses for their performances. It was not until 1576 that the actor-manager James Burbage built the Theatre in Shoreditch, the first purpose-built playhouse in London. Shakespeare joined the resident troupe at the Theatre in the 1580s and the company (later known as the Chamberlain’s and then the King’s Men) flourished there for 20 years. In 1596 a dispute arose over the renewal of the lease and negotiations were begun to acquire a disused hall in the precincts of the old Blackfriars priory to use as an indoor theatre. James Burbage died in February 1597; in April the lease expired, but the dispute continued for two years, during which time the company performed at the nearby Curtain playhouse. In Christmas 1598 the company sought a drastic solution: they leased a plot near the Rose, a rival theatre in Southwark, demolished the Theatre and carried its timbers over the river. To cover the cost of the new playhouse, James Burbage’s sons Cuthbert and Richard, offered some members of the company shares in the building. Shakespeare was one of four actors who bought a share in the Globe. By early 1599 the theatre was up and running and for 14 years it thrived, presenting many of Shakespeare’s greatest plays. In 1613, during a performance of Henry VIII, wadding from a stage cannon ignited the thatched roof and the theatre burned to the ground ‘all in less than two hours, the people having enough to do to save themselves’. The theatre was quickly rebuilt, this time with a tiled roof. Shakespeare may have acted in the second Globe, but he probably never wrote for it. It remained the home for Shakespeare’s old company until the closure of all the theatres under England’s Puritan administration in 1642. No longer of use, it was demolished to make room for tenements in 1644. Shortcuts


What did Captain James Cook take on his sea voyages, as experience had taught him that it was an effective preventative of scurvy (containing vitamin C and lactobacilli)?

Sauerkraut - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics More interesting facts on Sauerkraut Include this on your site/blog: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Polish Sauerkraut (Kiszona kapusta) Sauerkraut (pronounced /ˈsaʊrkraʊt/ in English; German pronunciation:  Yiddish :  [ˈzɔi̯.əʀ.kʀɔi̯t]) is finely shredded cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria , including Leuconostoc , Lactobacillus , and Pediococcus . [1] [2] It has a long shelf-life and a distinctive sour flavor, both of which result from the lactic acid that forms when the bacteria ferment the sugars in the cabbage. It is therefore not to be confused with coleslaw , which receives its acidic taste from vinegar . Contents Fermentation Pickled Eisbein served with sauerkraut Sauerkraut is made by a process of pickling called lacto-fermentation that is analogous to how traditional (not heat-treated) pickled cucumbers and kimchi are made. Fully-cured sauerkraut keeps for several months in an airtight container stored at or below 15°C (59°F). Neither refrigeration nor pasteurization is required, although these treatments may prolong storage life. However, pasteurization will destroy all of the beneficial digestive enzymes and lactic acid bacteria, as well as the valuable vitamin C content, so it greatly diminishes the nutritional value without any significant benefit.[citation needed] No special culture of lactic acid bacteria is needed because these bacteria already are present on raw cabbage.[citation needed]Yeasts also are present, and may yield soft sauerkraut of poor flavor when the fermentation temperature is too high. The fermentation process has three phases. In the first phase, anaerobic bacteria such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter lead the fermentation, and begin producing an acid environment that favours later bacteria. The second phase starts as the acid levels become too high for many bacteria, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides and other Leuconostoc spp. take dominance. In the third phase, various Lactobacillus species including L. brevis and L. plantarum ferment any remaining sugars, further lowering the pH . [1] [2] Health and nutrition Health benefits Dutch sauerkraut ("zuurkool") mashed with potatoes in pan Choucroute garnie, a traditional dish of Alsace , where sauerkraut is garnished with sausages and other pork meats Sauerkraut (including liquid) Source: USDA Nutrient database Raw sauerkraut is extremely healthy. It is an excellent source of vitamin C , lactobacilli , and other nutrients. However, the low pH and abundance of otherwise healthy lactobacilli may upset the intestines of people who are not used to eating acidic foods. Studies suggest that fermented cabbage may be even more healthy than the raw vegetable, with increased levels of anti-cancer agents such as isothiocyanates .[citation needed] Before frozen foods and the importation of foods from the Southern hemisphere became readily available in northern and central Europe , sauerkraut provided a vital source of the aforementioned nutrients during the winter. Captain James Cook always took a store of sauerkraut on his sea voyages, since experience had taught him that it was an effective preventative of scurvy . [3] [4] German sailors continued this practice even after the British Royal Navy had switched to limes, earning the British sailor the nickname " Limey " while his German counterpart became known as a " Kraut ." [5] It is now known that the preservation of sauerkraut in an anaerobic environment (in the brine ) keeps the vitamin C in it from being oxidized. There is some evidence that indicates that kimchi , and by extension sauerkraut, may be used to treat avian influenza in birds. [6] Currently, there is no evidence of its effect on human cases. Sauerkraut is also a source of biogenic amines such as tyramine , which may cause adverse reactions in


Pilgrims visit the city of Santiago de Compostela because it is supposedly the site of the bones of which saint?

Santiago de Compostela - A Holy City for Pilgrims Santiago de Compostela LEFT: A pilgrim touches the cathedral's central pillar, where finger marks are worn deep into the granite. INSET BELOW: In Tui, just inside Galicia's border with Portugal, an arrow on a city street directs pilgrims toward Santiago. A holy city for pilgrims Santiago de Compostela is one of three holy cities in the world where Catholics can earn absolution of their sins by making a pilgrimage. (The other two holy cities are Rome and Jerusalem.) Why Santiago? You can thank St. James, the apostle, who--according to legend--did missionary work in Galicia after the Crucifixion. James ("Santiago" in Spanish) was later beheaded in the Holy Land, but disciples took his remains back to Galicia for burial, and his bones were undisturbed until a Christian hermit dug them up and supposedly authenticated them in 813. King Alphonso II (a.k.a. Alphonso the Chaste) soon had a church built on the site of the discovery, and the dead apostle's mojo has attracted pilgrims ever since. The Pilgrimage Way of St. James consists of half a dozen major routes: The French Way, which enters Spain via the Pyrenees. The Northern Route, which comes from Spain's Basque country. The Silver Route, from Andalusï¿½a in Southern Spain. The Portuguese Way, from Oporto and the Galician city of Tui (see inset photo). The Maritime Routes for pilgrims from Northern Europe, including The English Way (via the Galician ports of Ferrol and A Coruï¿½a). Ambitious pilgrims and walking enthusiasts often hike the entire distance from cities in other parts of Europe, and why not? The Pilgrimage Way of St. James could be described as a European predecessor to the Appalachian Trail, with absolution as a bonus. Still, you needn't be that energetic to earn full credit: To qualify as a religious or religious-cultural pilgrim, you merely need to cover the last 100 km of your journey on foot, the last 200 km by horse or bicycle, or at least 40 nautical miles by small boat plus a walk from the port of Pontecesures. At the conclusion of your pilgrimage to Santiago, you'll follow a ritual that involves entering the cathedral (usually from the Praza do Obradoiro, touching a marble pillar, bumping heads with a sculptured figure, facing the altar's image of St. James, embracing the sculptured apostle from behind the altar, and descending to the crypt to view the silver box with the saint's remains. When you've accomplished these tasks, you can head for the Pilgrimage Office to obtain the Latin certificate known as "La Campostela." Freebies for the faithful: If you're one of the day's first 10 religious or religious-cultural pilgrims to receive the Compostela certificate, you'll be entitled to three meals that day at the Hostal dos Reis Catï¿½licos on the Praza do Obradoiro, across from the Cathedral. Just enter the parador and ask for the Pilgrims' Room. (This gesture honors the parador's former role as a hostel for Catholic pilgrims.) Fun facts: On a typical day, about 600 pilgrims arrive in Santiago de Compostela on foot or horseback. The daily average jumps to more than 2,700 in a Holy Year, which is declared whenever July 25--the Feast Day of St. James--falls on a Sunday. Tip: The summer months attract the most pilgrims; spring and fall are good times to visit if you prefer to avoid crowds and don't mind shorter days or damp weather.