Which wonder of the ancient world was at Babylon?

Sevens Wonders of the Ancient World - Ancient History - HISTORY.com Sevens Wonders of the Ancient World Sevens Wonders of the Ancient World Author Sevens Wonders of the Ancient World URL A+E Networks Introduction The amazing works of art and architecture known as the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World serve as a testament to the ingenuity, imagination and sheer hard work of which human beings are capable. They are also, however, reminders of the human capacity for disagreement, destruction and, possibly, embellishment. As soon as ancient writers compiled a list of “seven wonders,” it became fodder for debate over which achievements deserved inclusion. Ultimately, human hands joined with natural forces to destroy all but one of the wonders. Furthermore, it is possible that at least one of the wonders might not have existed at all. Still, all seven continue to inspire and be celebrated as the remarkable products of the creativity and skill of Earth’s early civilizations. Google Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt The Great Pyramids, located at Giza on the west bank of the Nile River north of Cairo, are the only wonder of the ancient world that has survived to the present day. The three pyramids–Khufu (Cheops), Khafra (Chephren) and Menkaura (Mycerimus)–were built between 2700 B.C. and 2500 B.C. as royal tombs. The largest and most impressive is Khufu, which covers 13 acres and is believed to contain more than 2 million stone blocks that weigh from two to 30 tons each. For more than 4,000 years, Khufu reigned as the tallest building in the world. In fact, it took modern man until the 19th century to build a taller structure. Amazingly, the nearly symmetrical pyramids were built without the aid of modern tools or surveying equipment. Scientists believe that the Egyptians used log rollers and sledges to move the stones into place. The sloped walls, which were intended to mimic the rays of Ra, the sun god, were originally built as steps, and then filled in with limestone. The interior of the pyramids included narrow corridors and hidden chambers in an unsuccessful attempt to foil grave robbers. Although modern archeologists have found some great treasures among the ruins, they believe most of what the pyramids once contained was looted within 250 years of their completion. Did You Know? The Colossus of Rhodes was an inspiration for the Statue of Liberty. Hanging Gardens of Babylon According to ancient Greek poets, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were built near the Euphrates River in modern-day Iraq by the Babylonian king Nebuchadrezzar II around 600 B.C. The gardens were said to have been planted as high as 75 feet in the air on a huge square brick terrace that was laid out in steps like a theater. The king allegedly built the towering gardens to ease his lover Amytis’ homesickness for the natural beauty of her home in Media (the northwestern part of modern-day Iran). Later writers described how people could walk underneath the beautiful gardens, which rested on tall stone columns. Modern scientists have deduced that for the gardens to survive they would have had to be irrigated using a system consisting of a pump, waterwheel and cisterns to carry water from the Euphrates many feet into the air. Though there are multiple accounts of the gardens in both Greek and Roman literature, none of them are firsthand, and no mention of the gardens has been found in Babylonian cuneiform inscriptions. As a result, most modern scholars believe that the existence of the gardens was part of an inspired and widely believed but still fictional tale. Statue of Zeus at Olympia The famed statue of Zeus was crafted by the Athenian sculptor Phidias and completed and placed in the temple of Zeus at Olympia, site of the ancient Olympics, around the mid-fifth century B.C. The statue depicted the god of thunder seated bare-chested at a wooden throne. Holding up the thrones’ armrests were two carved sphinxes, mythical creatures with the head and chest of a woman, the body of lion and the wings of a bird. The statue of Zeus was richly decorated with gold and ivo


Julie Burchill, Peter Arnett, P J O'Rourke and John Pilger are associated with which activity?

Too Much To Dream: March 2003 Archives BRIT HUME on Fox News reports (no link yet) that Peter Arnett has been hired by the UK's Daily Mirror. He'll be working with John Pilger! All the idiots, coming together... And here's the front page of said UK paper (via Damian Penny ). You know, Hollywood makes films whose plots approach situations like this. Their genre is called broad farce. Now all we need is Elke Sommers to turn up half-naked. Posted by Andrea Harris at 11:52 PM | Comments (5) I listen to NPR I decided to listen to the local college radio station while preparing my steaks. WUCF is a jazz station, and they play NPR news every half hour or so. Well. News from Iraq was offered: first something about some women and children who had been killed in the fighting in wherever they are fighting now (it starts with "N"). I had a cynical thought: I knew that this must have made some journo's day, because they live for opportunities to be able to use the phrase "women 'n' children" in the same story as "were killed" appears. Chiding myself for such un-nice notions (not), I continued to listen. I then was informed that Amnesty International has called the US the "Jekyll and Hyde" of human rights. Well, at least we have a Dr. Jekyll component to our national personality -- so many other countries (including the one we are currently involved in festivities with) seem to be all Hyde. AI seems to have given up on those countries as beyond the pale, by the way. (See more on this subject by Steven Den Beste .) Then they finished with the Iraq news and went on to another juicy, US-involved-somehow, country's doings. Apparently journalists are fleeing an "embattled" area of Colombia because leftist insurgents and their "right-wing" opponents both issued death threats against those journalists. A sensible option: now both sides can fight it out in (relative) peace and quiet without journalistic interference. I wonder if this is the start of a trend. Posted by Andrea Harris at 08:41 PM | Comments (1) What I did today Today was my day off, so I got to do a bunch of things. If life-stuff like this bores you, feel free to skip -- I'm just practicing. The things I overhear: I went to take care of some financial matters, and heard the phrase "change-of-life baby" for maybe the first time since I was small and my Tennessee-born relatives were visiting. I speculate that few people use that phrase, since it is no longer unusual for women to wait until they are almost out of eggs to get pregnant. I also was under the impression that it was one of those phrases only gothically Southern ladies used, but this woman had a noticeable Brooklyn accent. After I was done, I was restless. It was a beautiful day here -- we are having what is probably the last cold snap of the season, so it was in the sixties, the skies were cloudless, yadda yadda. So I drove all the way to Daytona Beach and back, a trip of about three hours total. I had thought of taking pictures, but for some reason didn't feel like doing so. (I really want to get a digital camera; then I think I'll be taking more pictures -- but I want a decent one I can do reasonable zooms with.) International Speedway Blvd takes one past Embry Riddle University, where one of the September 11th terrorists learned to fly. This, and the fact that beach towns are really depressing in cold weather for some reason, killed my idea to park and take a beach walk, so I drove back. I stopped at Publix, and purchased supplies for my new more-protein, less-carb diet. (More meat, no pasta or potatoes or sugary sweets -- except for sugar and cream in my coffee. No one is taking that away from me.) Then home, to prepare steaks (not a very good cut -- the rest are going in a marinade tonight), grilled onions, and carrots. Yum. Posted by Andrea Harris at 08:37 PM | Comments (5) 1, 2, 3, 4, Iraqis really want this war They're just terrified to say so . They are afraid that the US will up and leave, and they'll be stuck in Iraq having to explain themselves to Saddam's forces. And no one will care about the new crop of I


How many points can you get in Pontoon without going bust?

Pontoon Card Game - How to Play Pontoon Blackjack US Players and Credit Card Deposits Accepted! Pontoon Card Game How to Play Pontoon Pontoon is a British card game that is very similar to conventional American blackjack where players are trying to get closest to 21, without going over. The game is originally derived from the French card game Vingt-et-un. This game can be played with two or more players, but 5-8 players are generally recommended for premium play. The game uses a standard 52 card deck of playing cards (using 2 decks is recommended for games with more than 8 players). Players will also need either money or chips, to place their wagers. How to Deal Pontoon Before the game begins, one player is chosen to be the banker. The banker has an advantage in Pontoon so the first banker is usually chosen by having all players cut for a high card. The player with the highest card becomes the initial banker. The minimum and maximum bets are usually also decided before the game begins. To begin the game, the banker deals one card face down to each player. The banker should start by dealing to the player to the left of the dealer and should end on the dealer. All players, besides the banker, can look at their card. Starting with the player to the left of the dealer and going around the table clockwise, each player (other than the banker) places their initial bets within the agreed upon betting limits. After all bets have been placed, the dealer will deal each player a second face down card, which all players can look at. Each player should now have two face down cards. How to Score Pontoon The scoring of Pontoon is almost identical to the game of blackjack. All numbered cards are worth their face value in points. For example, the 6 of diamonds is worth 6 points. All paint cards (Jacks, Queens, and Kings) are worth 10 points each. The final card, the Ace, is worth either 1 point or 11 points, at the decision of the card holder. Pontoon is scored by adding up your total points and trying to reach 21, without going over. If you achieve more than 21 points, you have busted and lose the hand. For example, if you were dealt a Jack and a 4, you'd have a total of 14 points. The game is won by reaching a total higher than the banker, without going over 21. If a player and the banker have equal points at the end of the hand, the banker always wins. There are a few special card combinations in Pontoon that should be mentioned. The two important combinations are Pontoons and Five Card Tricks. Aside from these special combinations mentioned below, every other hand in the game is simply scored at its numerical value. Pontoon Pontoon is when a player is dealt two initial cards that toal 21 points, similar to blackjack. This is the best hand in the game and can only be achieved by receiving both an Ace and a 10 point card (10, Jack, Queen, or King). Pontoon hands receive a double stake at the end of the hand. If you wagered $5 and got a Pontoon, you'd be paid $10 on top of your $5 wager. Five Card Trick The second best hand in this game is called a Five Card Trick. A player has a Five Card Trick when they end up with 5 cards, without going over 21 points. A Pontoon beats a Five Card Trick. A Five Card Trick beats a three or four card 21, even if the Five Card Trick is less than 21. Five Card Tricks are also paid double stake when the hand is over. Three or Four Card 21's The third best hand in Pontoon are hands with 3 or 4 cards, that total 21. They beat all natural totals of less than 21 but do not beat Pontoons or Five Card Tricks. The next best hand would be 20, then 19, then 18, etc. Player's Options If the banker does not have a Pontoon (in which all players lose immediately), each player has several options for improving their hand. You should first begin by checking to see if you have a Pontoon. If you do, place the Ace face up on top of your bottom 10 point card. This hand is an automatic winner and you have no more options. If your total is less than 21, you have the option of getting additional cards. Your first option is to bu


"Whose works include ""Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2"" (1912) and a parody of the ""Mona Lisa"" (1919) which shows a moustache and goatee attached to a cheap reproduction of the painting?"

Last night, Museum of art and Museums on Pinterest Forward “Dancing Around the Bride,” a brilliant royal flush of a show—starring Marcel Duchamp along with Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, John Cage, and Merce Cunningham—had an opening reception last night at the Philadelphia Museum of Art with a celebration fit for a royal wedding. See more


Who Are the Quakers? - Beliefnet Beliefnet Sign up for our free newsletters and special offers! Just enter your email below. Inspiration Delivering you the best in inspirational articles, life stories, quotes and more. Bible Reading Receive a Daily Measure of God's Word and guidance straight to your inbox. Angel Wisdom Let angels be your guide with help from this inspiring and thought-provoking newsletter. Entertainment A brief summary of Quaker ideas and history, with links to more information What is the Religious Society of Friends? The Religious Society of Friends is the name of the group commonly known as Quakers. Friends are a Christian group who believe in the presence of God within each person, often referred to as the "Inner Light." Quakers emphasize a personal commitment to God and humanitarian causes. When was Quakerism founded? The Religious Society of Friends was founded in the mid-17th century in England by George Fox (1624-1691). Where did the names "Friends" and "Quaker" come from? The Society of Friends took its name from the New Testament gospel of John, which says, "You are my friends if you do whatever I command." ( John 15:12-15 ). The original Quakers called themselves "Friends of Truth" after this verse. They were also known as the "Children of Light." The Society of Friends is commonly known as Quakers because the original Friends were mocked for "trembling with religious zeal." What are the major Friends groups currently in the U.S.? There are three major organized groups of Friends in the U.S. today: Friends United Meeting claims about 100,000 members worldwide, including 40,000 in the U.S. Friends General Conference claims about 33,000 members in the U.S. and Canada Evangelical Friends Alliance claims over 100,000 members in 20 countries. Where are the largest number of Quakers in the U.S.? According to Adherents.com , the five states with the largest number of Quakers are: Indiana, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and California, in that order. What happens in Quaker meetings? Friends meetings can be programmed or unprogrammed. Programmed meetings are usually led by a pastor and are more like a church service than unprogrammed meetings. Unprogrammed meetings are based on the idea of "expectant waiting." Members sit in silence until someone has a message they want to share with the group, and there are no prearranged prayers or readings. Read more about unprogrammed Friends meetings here . Quaker meetings are organized into regular cycles: different groups have preparative, monthly, and yearly meetings. Are all Quakers pacifists? According to the an introduction to Quakerism from the Friends General Conference, the Society of Friends does not require all its members to be pacifists. The Quaker position on pacifism is that it is left up to each individual in deciding whether to serve in the armed forces. Beliefnet columnist Kenneth Briggs provides additional details to this question in a recent column . Sources:


Karol Jzef Wojtya reached the high point of his career on 16 October 1978 as what?

(E) Karol Jozef Wojtyla Jr. Pope John Paul II 1920 - 2005  »   Home  »   Religion  »  (E) Karol Jozef Wojtyla Jr. Pope John Paul II 1920 - 2005 (E) Karol Jozef Wojtyla Jr. Pope John Paul II 1920 - 2005 By  Nenad N. Bach  |  Published  04/2/2005  | Religion | Unrated (E) Karol Jozef Wojtyla Jr. Pope John Paul II 1920 - 2005   Pope John Paul II, spiritual leader of Roman Catholic Church, dies BY DAVID O'REILLY Posted on Sat, Apr. 02, 2005 Knight Ridder Newspapers (KRT) - Pope John Paul II, 84, spiritual leader of the world's one billion Roman Catholics for a quarter of a century, died Saturday. Firmly conservative in matters of morality and theology, yet passionately progressive on behalf of the poor, immigrants and world peace, John Paul was an uncompromising moral voice and a giant on the world stage. Even as ill health visibly overtook him, he carried his message around the world - slowed, but never stopped, by bullets, a tumor, a broken hip, arthritis, Parkinson's disease and advancing age. As he took on such controversial topics as abortion, euthanasia, capital punishment, communist oppression and capitalist greed, John Paul found himself allied with differing factions of the secular world. But it was the issues that varied, not his stance: All his positions were grounded in his unwavering belief in the worth and dignity of every human life. The pontiff's failing health had become an acute public concern in recent years as he grew visibly weaker and struggled at times to walk and speak. Yet images of John Paul in his prime, stepping off airplanes, kissing the ground of each new nation he visited, or stretching his arms out to cheering crowds in cities as diverse as Manila, Dublin, Sao Paolo and Philadelphia are an indelible part of his legacy. In 103 pontifical journeys around the globe, including four official visits to the United States, John Paul earned a reputation as the most evangelical pope in the 2,000-year history of Christianity. He also declared a record 476 people to be saints of the Catholic Church, including Philadelphia's St. Katharine Drexel, foundress of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, in 2000. The intense national pride John Paul's 1979 visit aroused in his native Poland is credited with hastening the collapse of communism there and across Eastern Europe. He reached out to other faiths: He paid the first papal visit to a synagogue, concelebrated the first papal Mass with an Orthodox patriarch, and promoted reconciliation between the Roman Catholic Church and major Protestant and Orthodox denominations. At the same time, however, he challenged trends of the secular world. From the very start of his papacy he warned that a pleasure-seeking, materialistic "culture of death" was eroding Western European and North American cultures, as evidenced by their embracing of extramarital sex, birth control, drugs, abortion, euthanasia and divorce. He also suppressed liberal dissent within the church, once dismissed Buddhism as an "atheistic" religion, irked the Orthodox Church by seeking a larger Catholic presence in postcommunist Russia, steadfastly opposed the ordination of women, and proposed in a 1995 encyclical that all denominations recognize the pope as supreme bishop of Christianity. In the final stage of John Paul's pontificate, the church in the United States was rocked by scandal involving sexual abuse by priests and complaints that the Vatican had done too little to address the problem. In June 2002, the Holy See approved an unprecedented set of rules spelling out how American bishops should respond to cases of clergy sex abuse. Many Catholics in Western Europe and North America chose to disregard his strict moral teachings, especially on matters of sexuality. Because of his firm stances, John Paul II leaves behind a Roman Catholic Church far more assertive on faith and morals than the institution he inherited. His clarity "strengthened the foundations" of the church for the next century, according to Cardinal Anthony Bevilacqua, Philadelphia's retired archbishop. Agree with him or disagree,


Which festival in honour of a Roman god was forbidden in Rome in 186 BC?

Bacchus Bacchus by Micha F. Lindemans The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus . His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber . The worship of Bacchus is vividly depicted in Euripides' play The Bacchae. Article details:


"A 1969 American western film that tells the story of two bank robbers is ""Butch Cassidy and the ... what ... Kid""?"

B.J.Thomas - Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head - YouTube B.J.Thomas - Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jun 24, 2010 Billy Joe "B. J." Thomas (born August 7, 1942, Hugo, Oklahoma) is an American popular singer known for his chart-topping hits in the 1960s and 1970s. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid is a 1969 American Western film that tells the story of bank robbers Butch Cassidy (played by Paul Newman) and his partner Harry Longabaugh, the "Sundance Kid" (played by Robert Redford), based loosely on historical fact. The film was directed by George Roy Hill and produced at 20th Century Fox by John Foreman from a screenplay by William Goldman. The music score was by Burt Bacharach with song lyrics by Hal David. Along with Newman and Redford, the film stars Katharine Ross as Etta Place, and features Strother Martin, Henry Jones, Jeff Corey, Sam Elliott, Cloris Leachman, Ted Cassidy, Kenneth Mars, and Donnelly Rhodes. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) is the likeably entertaining, charming and amusing comedy/drama of the friendship and camaraderie shared between the two handsome and humorous buddy leads - legendary, turn-of-the-century Western outlaws and their "Hole in the Wall" gang. Historical antecedents for the two daring "Robin Hood" outlaws actually existed, two notorious figures who were sadly anachronistic for their turn-of-the-century times: •"Butch Cassidy" (outlaw Robert Leroy Parker) •"The Sundance Kid" (outlaw Harry Longbaugh) Category


How many US states lie north of the Tropic of Cancer?

Equator Map, Tropic of Cancer Map, Tropic of Capricorn Map, Prime Meridian Circles of Latitude & Longitude - The Equator, The Prime Meridian, The Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn Circles of Latitude & Longitude - The Equator, The Prime Meridian, The Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn On the map shown, and for that matter on all other maps, the Arctic Circle, Antarctic Circle, Equator, Prime Meridian, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn are imaginary lines. Latitudes and Longitudes are angular measurements that give a location on the earth’s surface a unique geographical identification. Latitudes are the progressive angular measurements north or south of the equator are the imaginary lines running from east to west on the Earth’s surface.  While Longitudes are the measurements east or west of the Prime Meridian and run from the north pole to the south pole. Latitudes are parallel while Longitudes are convergent. This positioning method comprises of a coordinate system in degrees (°) with the Equator and Prime Meridian being the lines that denote 0°. With the Equator as the reference point, the North Pole lies at 90°N and the South Pole lies at 90°S. Likewise, the furthest point eastwards from the Prime Meridian is expressed as 180°E and the furthest point westward is expressed as 180°W.  Circles of Latitude are imaginary east to west circles that connect all places with the same latitude. The reference plane for all Circles of Latitude is the Equatorial Circle of Latitude that bisects the Earth. All Circles of Latitude are parallel to the Equator and perpendicular to all Longitudes at the intersection points. Parallels get smaller towards the poles than closer to the Equatorial Plane. Unlike latitudes that have the Equator as the central Latitude, the Prime Meridian has been set as the reference point of meridians over the course of history. Circles of Latitude are called parallels while half of a longitudinal circle is called a Meridian. Meridians are important for setting time zones. There are five main parallels that are useful to explain the correlation between the Earth, the Sun, and climate. As such, these five main parallels also mark the five geographical zones. These are: •   Arctic Circle : Is the boundary of the North Frigid Zone to the north. •   Tropic of Cancer : Encloses the North Temperate Zone with the Arctic Circle. •   The Equator : Divides the earth in North and Southern Hemispheres . The are around the Equator is referred to as the Tropics and is limited northward by the Tropic of Cancer and southward by the Tropic of Capricorn. •   Tropic of Capricorn : Encloses the South Temperate Zone with the Antarctic Circle. •   Antarctic Circle : Is the boundary of the South Frigid Zone to the south. Arctic Circle     The Arctic Circle parallel that is currently positioned at 66° 33’ 46” in the Northern Hemisphere ( or 66.5628°). The position of the Arctic Circle fluctuates by about 49 ft each year due to the Earth’s axial tilt that is determined by tidal forces resulting from the pull of the moon on the Earth’s waters. The fluctuation of the Arctic Circle has been found to be at a rate of 2° every 40,000 years. The region north of the Arctic Circle called the North Frigid Zone is characterized by extremely cold temperatures and ice. During the winter, the region experiences 24 hours of darkness in a day and 24 hours of sunlight in a day during the summers. Antarctic Circle This parallel of latitude is currently at 66° 33′ 46″ south of the Equator (or -66.5628°). Like the Arctic, the position of the Antarctic Circles is not fixed, as their exact location depends on the Earth's axial tilt, which fluctuates within a margin of 2° over a 40,000 year period, mainly due to tidal forces resulting from the orbit of the Moon. The Tropics of Cancer     Tropic of Cancer is a Circle of Latitude currently positioned at 23°26’14” north of the Equator (or 23.4372°). Another reference for the Tropic of Cancer is the Northern Tropic. The Northern Tropic is the parallel at which the Summer (or Nothern or June) Solstice occurs whe


The Mystery of the Great Sphinx (Article) - Ancient History Encyclopedia The Mystery of the Great Sphinx Article by Brian Haughton published on 01 June 2011 Buried for most of its life in the desert sand, an air of mystery has always surrounded the Great Sphinx , causing speculation about its age and purpose, method of construction, concealed chambers, role in prophecy, and relationship to the equally mysterious pyramids . Much of this theorizing is to the despair of Egyptologists and archaeologists, who, reasonably it seems to me; only give credence to theories that are backed up by tangible evidence. The Mystery of the Great Sphinx Facing the rising sun, the Great Sphinx is located on the Giza plateau, about 10 km west of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile River. Later Egyptian rulers worshipped it as an aspect of the sun god, calling it Hor-Em-Akhet (“ Horus of the Horizon”). The Sphinx sits in part of the necropolis of ancient Memphis , the seat of power for the pharaohs, a short distance from three large pyramids – the Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren) and Menkaura (Mycerinus). Remove Ads Advertisement The monument is the largest surviving sculpture from the ancient world, measuring 73.5 m in length and in parts 20 m in height. Part of the uraeus (sacred cobra which protected from evil forces), the nose and the ritual beard are missing; the beard is now displayed in the British Museum. The extensions at the side of the head are part of the royal headcloth. Although the head of the Sphinx has been badly affected by thousands of years of erosion, traces of the original paint can still be seen near one ear. It is thought that originally the Sphinx’s face was painted dark red. A small temple between its paws contained dozens of inscribed stelae placed by the Pharaohs in honour of the Sun god. The Pharaoh ’s Dream The Sphinx has suffered greatly from the ravages of time, man and modern pollution. In fact, what has saved it from complete destruction is the fact that it has been submerged beneath the desert sand for most of its life. There have been various attempts to restore the Great Sphinx over the millennia, beginning in c. 1400 BCE with the pharaoh Tuthmosis IV. After falling asleep in the shade of the Sphinx when out hunting, the pharaoh dreamt that the great beast was choking from the sand engulfing it, and that it told him if he cleared the sand he would obtain the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt . In between the front paws of the Sphinx is a granite stela, now called the “Dream Stela”, which is inscribed with the story of the pharaoh’s dream. Remove Ads Advertisement Archaeologists believe that the wall was built by Tuthmosis IV after his dream to protect the Sphinx from the desert winds. Towards the end of 2010 CE, during routine excavation work in the area of the monument, Egyptian archaeologists discovered large sections of mudbrick walls which were part of a larger wall which stretched for 132 meters (433 feet) around the Great Sphinx. The archaeologists believe that the wall was built by Tuthmosis IV after his dream to protect the Sphinx from the desert winds. After the clearing ordered by Tuthmosis IV, and despite the wall, the colossal sculpture once again found itself beneath the sand. When Napoleon arrived in Egypt in 1798 CE, he found the Sphinx without its nose. 18th century CE drawings reveal that the nose was missing long before Napoleon’s arrival; one story goes that it was the victim of target practice in the Turkish period. Another and perhaps the most likely explanation, is that it was pried off by chisels in the 8th century CE, by a Sufi who considered the Sphinx a sacrilegious idol. In 1858 CE, some of the sand around the sculpture was cleared by Auguste Mariette, the founder of the Egyptian Antiquities Service, and between 1925 and 1936 CE, French engineer Emile Baraize excavated the Sphinx on behalf of the Antiquities Service. Possibly for the first time since antiquity, the Great Sphinx was once again exposed to the elements. Who does the Great Sphinx Depict? The explanation


"What film is the source of the phrase, ""I'll get you, my pretty ... and your little dog too!"""

The Wizard of Oz (1939) - Quotes - IMDb The Wizard of Oz (1939) Dorothy : How do you talk if you don't have a brain? Scarecrow : Well, some people without brains do an awful lot of talking don't they? Uncle Henry Gale : Well, howdy, Miss Gulch. Miss Gulch : [comes into the Gales' yard] I want to see you and your wife right away about Dorothy! Uncle Henry Gale : Dorothy? Well, what has Dorothy done? Miss Gulch : What she's done? I'm all but lame from the bite on my leg! Uncle Henry Gale : Oh, she bit her dog, eh? [Uncle Henry tries to shut the gate, but it hits her on the backside] Dorothy : [has just arrived in Oz, looking around and awed at the beauty and splendor] Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas any more. Dorothy : [after a pause] We must be over the rainbow! [a bubble appears in the sky and gets closer and closer. It finally lands, then turns into Glinda the Good Witch wearing a spectacular white dress and crown, holding a wand] Dorothy : [to Toto] Now I... I know we're not in Kansas! Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Auntie Em Gale : Almira Gulch, just because you own half the county doesn't mean that you have the power to run the rest of us. For twenty-three years, I've been dying to tell you what I thought of you! And now... well, being a Christian woman, I can't say it! Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Wizard of Oz : Why, anybody can have a brain. That's a very mediocre commodity. Every pusillanimous creature that crawls on the Earth or slinks through slimy seas has a brain. Back where I come from, we have universities, seats of great learning, where men go to become great thinkers. And when they come out, they think deep thoughts and with no more brains than you have. But they have one thing you haven't got: a diploma. Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options [Dorothy watches the Wicked Witch melt] Wicked Witch of the West : You cursed brat! Look what you've done! I'm melting! melting! Oh, what a world! What a world! Who would have thought a good little girl like you could destroy my beautiful wickedness? Oooooh, look out! I'm going! Oooooh! Ooooooh! Wizard of Oz : As for you, my galvanized friend, you want a heart. You don't know how lucky you are not to have one. Hearts will never be practical until they can be made unbreakable. Tin Woodsman : But I still want one. Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options Cowardly Lion : All right, I'll go in there for Dorothy. Wicked Witch or no Wicked Witch, guards or no guards, I'll tear them apart. I may not come out alive, but I'm going in there. There's only one thing I want you fellows to do. Scarecrow : I haven't got a brain... only straw. Dorothy : How can you talk if you haven't got a brain? Scarecrow : I don't know... But some people without brains do an awful lot of talking... don't they? Dorothy : Yes, I guess you're right. Dorothy : How about a hippopotamus? Cowardly Lion : Why, I'd thrash him from top to bottomus! Dorothy : Supposing you met an elephant? Cowardly Lion : I'd wrap him up in cellophane! Scarecrow : What if it were a brontosaurus? Cowardly Lion : I'd show him who was king of the forest! [the Flying Monkeys walking away, Tin Man and the Lion comes to him] Tin Woodsman : Well, what happened to you? Scarecrow : They tore my legs off and they threw it over there! Then, they took my chest off and they threw it over there! Tin Woodsman : Well, that's you all over. Cowardly Lion : They sure knocked the stuffings out of you, didn't they? Scarecrow : Don't stand there talking, put me together. We've got to find Dorothy. [the Tin Man and the Lion trying the fix the Scarecrow] Share this: Facebook  |  Twitter  |  Permalink Hide options [last lines] Dorothy : Oh, but anyway, Toto, we're home. Home! And this is my room, and you're all here. And I'm not gonna leave here ever, ever again, because I love you all, and - oh, Auntie Em - there's no place like home! Dorothy : Now which way do we go? Scarecrow : Pardon me, this way is a very nice way. Dorothy : Who said th


What native language would Jesus Christ have spoken?

What Language Did Jesus Speak? Why Does It Matter? - Mark D. Roberts Mark D. Roberts What Language Did Jesus Speak? Why Does It Matter? What Language Did Jesus Speak? Why Does It Matter? by Rev. Dr. Mark D. Roberts Copyright © 2010 by Mark D. Roberts Note: You may download this resource at no cost, for personal use or for use in a Christian ministry, as long as you are not publishing it for sale. All I ask is that you acknowledge the source of this material: http://www.patheos.com/blogs/markdroberts/ . For all other uses, please contact me at mark@markdroberts.com . Thank you. Some of My Other Writings on Jesus: Why Did Jesus Have to Die? Introduction Six years ago, people all of a sudden became interested in the language spoken by Jesus. The occasion for this burst of curiosity was the release of Mel Gibson’s film, The Passion of the Christ. Although responses to this movie varied widely, just about every viewer was struck by the fact that not one word of English was spoken in the film. All dialogue was in one of two ancient languages: Aramaic or Latin. Without the English subtitles, most of us wouldn’t have been able to understand a word in The Passion of the Christ. (Photo: A statue of Jesus in his passion, from a church on the Mediterranean island of Menorca.) Many who saw this movie wondered about its antique languages. What is Aramaic, anyway? Was this really the language spoken by Jesus? Didn’t he speak Hebrew, the primary language of the Hebrew Scriptures? And, since the New Testament Gospels are preserved in Greek manuscripts, is it possible that Jesus also spoke Greek? In February 2004, the month when The Passion of the Christ was released, I wrote a short blog series on the language(s) of Jesus. Drawing from my background in New Testament studies, I tried to explain in non-technical terms the issues associated with the language or languages spoken by Jesus. My answer to the question “What language(s) did Jesus speak?” was representative of what most scholars of the New Testament believe, and was based on key passages from the New Testament itself, as well as an understanding of life in Judea during the first century A.D. In a nutshell, I showed that it’s most likely that Jesus spoke Aramaic as his primary language, and that he almost certainly knew Hebrew and perhaps Greek as well. It was unlikely, I argued, that Jesus spoke Latin, as envisioned in The Passion of the Christ. During the past six years, thousands of people have visited my series on the language(s) of Jesus, thanks to the power of Google and similar search engines. The vast majority of readers did not contact me, which is just fine. They had no particular reason to do so. A few dozen people emailed me to thank me for what I had written. And then there were the others, those who were not happy with me and what I had written. Sometimes they wrote nasty notes, criticizing my scholarship and even my Christian character. Sometimes they wrote extensive treatises, arguing at length for a position different from the one I had taken in my series. Among those who wrote, a few referred to credible scholars who have argued that Hebrew and/or Greek were commonly used by Jews in Judea during the time of Jesus. Some who contacted me seemed to believe that because the Old Testament was written in Hebrew, Jesus must have spoken Hebrew, otherwise somehow his mission as the Messiah would have been deficient. Some were worried that if Jesus spoke Aramaic, this would contradict passages in the Gospel of John that refer to Hebrew being spoken (though not by Jesus, actually). In the last couple of years, I have run into a new reason why some people dispute the notion that Jesus spoke Aramaic. It has to do with the passion among some Muslims for an Aramaic-speaking Jesus. Presumably, and I have not followed these arguments carefully, certain Muslims use the idea that Jesus spoke Aramaic as a support for the truth of Islam. In response, some Christians have taken up arms in favor of the Hebrew-speaking Jesus. Those who fight this battle have accused me of giving aid and


Louis Goldenberg and Alva J. Fisher have been credited with the invention of what device?

Another 10 Curious Everyday Inventions - Listverse Another 10 Curious Everyday Inventions Listverse Staff August 20, 2009 Nearly two years ago we wrote a list of everyday inventions . The list was relatively popular for its time and debunked at least one myth about the invention of peanut butter. This list is the second installment and looks at ten more items that we all come into contact with in our daily lives. These are things we tend to take for granted and we certainly wouldn’t know the name of the inventor if asked. 10 Garden Gnomes The first garden gnomes were made in Gräfenroda, a town known for its ceramics in Thuringia, Germany in the mid-1800s. Philip Griebel made terracotta animals as decorations, and produced gnomes based on local myths as a way for people to enjoy the stories of the gnomes’ willingness to help in the garden at night. The garden gnome quickly spread across Germany and into France and England, and wherever gardening was a serious hobby. Griebel’s descendants still make them and are the last of the German producers. Garden gnomes were first introduced to the United Kingdom in 1847 by Sir Charles Isham, when he brought 21 terracotta figures back from a trip to Germany and placed them as ornaments in the gardens of his home, Lamport Hall in Northamptonshire. Only one of the original batch of gnomes survives: Lampy, as he is known, is on display at Lamport Hall, and is insured for one million pounds. He is pictured above. 9 Friction Matches While matches existed in China in the 6th century and Europe from the 16th century, it was not until the 1800s that friction matches as we know them today were invented. The first “friction match” was invented by English chemist John Walker in 1826. Early work had been done by Robert Boyle and his assistant, Godfrey Haukweicz in the 1680s with phosphorus and sulfur, but their efforts had not produced useful results. Walker discovered a mixture of stibnite, potassium chlorate, gum, and starch could be ignited by striking against any rough surface. Walker called the matches congreves, but the process was patented by Samuel Jones and the matches were sold as lucifer matches (as they are still known in the Netherlands). In 1862, Bryant and May, the British match manufacturers began mass producing the red tipped matches we all know today, after the patent by the Lundström brothers from Sweden, 8 Contact Lenses Contact lenses are surprisingly older than most of us realize. In 1888, the German physiologist Adolf Eugen Fick constructed and fitted the first successful contact lens. While working in Zürich, he described fabricating afocal scleral contact shells, which rested on the less sensitive rim of tissue around the cornea, and experimentally fitting them: initially on rabbits, then on himself, and lastly on a small group of volunteers. These lenses were made from heavy blown glass and were 18–21mm in diameter. Fick filled the empty space between cornea/callosity and glass with a dextrose solution. Fick’s lens was large, unwieldy, and could only be worn for a few hours at a time. It was not until 1949 that the first lenses were produced that sat on the cornea only and allowed for many hours of wear. 7 Washing Machine The first patent for a non-electrical washing machine was issued in England in 1692. Nearly two hundred years later, Louis Goldenberg of New Brunswick, New Jersey invented the electric washing machine (late 1800s to early 1900s). He worked for the Ford Motor Company at that time, and all inventions that were created while working for Ford under contract, belonged to Ford. The patent would have been listed under Ford and or Louis Goldenberg. Alva J. Fisher has been incorrectly credited with the invention of the electric washer. The US patent office shows at least one patent issued before Mr. Fisher’s US patent number 966677. 6 Soda Can The early metal beverage can was made out of steel and had no pull-tab. Instead, it was opened by a can piercer, a device resembling a bottle opener, but with a sharp point. The can was opened by punching two triangular h


Gambia:   Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities National Holiday: Independence Day, February 18 Literacy rate: 52% (2012 est.) Economic summary: GDP/PPP $3.362 billion (2014 est.); per capita: $1,700 (2014 est.). Real growth rate: 7.4%. Inflation: 5.6%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 43.48%. Agriculture: rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame,     cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats. Labor force: 777,100 (2007) agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services     19%, government 6%. Industries: processing peanuts, fish, and     hides; tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly,     woodworking, metalworking, clothing. Natural resources: fish,     titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon, silica sand, clay,     petroleum. Exports: $107.4 million (2014 est.): peanut     products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels, reexports. Imports: $353.1 million (2014 est.): foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel,     machinery and transport equipment. Major trading partners: India, China, Senegal, Brazil,     (2013). Member of Commonwealth of Nations Communications: Telephones: main     lines in use: 64,200 (2012); mobile cellular: 1.526 million (2012). Broadcast media: state-owned, single-channel TV service; state-owned radio station and 4 privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available, some via shortwave radio; foreign cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable in some parts of the country (2007). Internet     hosts: 656 (2012). Internet users: 130,100 (2009). Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 3,742 km; paved: 723 km; unpaved: 3,019 km     (2004). Waterways: 390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going     vessels can reach 190 km) (2010). Ports and harbors: Banjul. Airports: 1 (2013). International     disputes: attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms     smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern     Senegal's Casamance region as well as from conflicts in other west     African states. Plot Fails to Overthrow President Jammeh Geography Situated on the Atlantic coast in westernmost   Africa and surrounded on three sides by Senegal, Gambia is twice the size   of Delaware. The Gambia River flows for 200 mi (322 km) through Gambia on   its way to the Atlantic. The country, the smallest on the continent,   averages only 20 mi (32 km) in width. Government Republic. History Since the 13th century, the Wolof, Malinke, and   Fulani peoples have settled in what is now Gambia. The Portuguese were the   first European explorers, encountering the Gambia River in 1455, and in   1681, the French founded an enclave at Albredabut. During the 17th century,   Gambia was settled by various companies of English merchants. Slavery was   the chief source of revenue before it was abolished in 1807. Gambia became   a British Crown colony in 1843 and an independent nation within the   Commonwealth of Nations on Feb. 18, 1965. Full independence was approved   in a 1970 referendum, and on April 24 of that year Gambia proclaimed   itself a republic. Dauda Kairaba Jawara served as Gambia's   president from 1970 to 1994. A military coup led by Capt. Yahya Jammeh   deposed the president in July 1994, suspended the constitution, and banned   existing political parties. Jammeh promised new elections, which were held   in Sept. 1996 and which he won with 55% of the vote. In 1997, he returned   the country to civilian rule, and in 2001, he lifted the ban against   opposition parties. Censorship of the press and other repressive measures   mar the country's transition to democracy. In Dec. 2004,   Gambia passed a media law that allows the state to jail journalists found   guilty of libel and sedition. In September presidential elections,   incumbent Yahya Jammeh won a third term. In Nov. 2011 presidential elections, incumbent Yahya Jammeh won 72% of the vot


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What is the largest city in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada?

Saskatchewan | history - geography - province, Canada | Britannica.com Saskatchewan "Multis e gentibis vires (From many peoples, strength)" Provincial flower Time zone Central (GMT − 6 hours) Saskatchewan, province of Canada , one of the Prairie Provinces . It is one of only two Canadian provinces without a saltwater coast, and it is the only province whose boundaries are all wholly artificial (i.e., not formed by natural features). It lies between the 49th and 60th parallels of latitude , it is bounded on the west by longitude 110° west of Greenwich, and its eastern limit, with minor adjustments, is longitude 102° W. Its southern half is largely an extension of the Great Plains of central North America , rarely rising 2,000 feet (610 metres) above sea level. It measures 760 miles (1,223 km) from south to north, tapering from a width of 393 miles (632 km), where it abuts Montana and North Dakota in the United States , to 277 miles (446 km), where it meets the Northwest Territories . Saskatchewan is Canada’s fifth largest province in area and sixth in population. Saskatchewan’s landscape makes its inhabitants conscious of the sky, and the changing patterns of light and shadow on clouds, which commonly offer magnificent sunrises and sunsets, are as much a part of the scenery as any contour of the earth. Economically, the province has always been heavily dependent on the exportation of its agricultural and mineral products and is thus peculiarly sensitive to fluctuations in world markets beyond its own or even Canada’s control. Area 251,367 square miles (651,036 square km). Pop. (2011) 1,033,381. Saskatchewan. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Pumping oil from a well in a field of mustard on the Great Plains in western Saskatchewan, near … © E. Otto/Comstock Land Relief The most important division of the land in Saskatchewan is between the northern one-third of the province, which is part of the Canadian Shield , and the plains, which cover the southern two-thirds. The Canadian Shield is an area of mostly igneous and metamorphic rocks of Precambrian age (about 540 million to 4 billion years old); hence, it is often referred to as the Precambrian Shield. The plains comprise a wedge-shaped succession of sedimentary rocks, the oldest of which abut the shield margin while the youngest occur in the Cypress Hills in the southwestern portion of the province. The highest elevations in Saskatchewan are also found in the Cypress Hills , peaking at 4,567 feet (1,392 metres) above sea level. These hills—the only part of Saskatchewan that escaped glaciation—contain unique plant and animal life. The lowest point in the province, 699 feet (213 metres), is in the extreme northwest. Physical features of Saskatchewan. Cypress Hills Climate is a major limiting factor for agriculture, restricting it to the area south of 55° N latitude. Even within this zone, there are as few as 80 to 100 frost-free days annually. Temperature variations are extreme; January temperatures have fallen below the mid −60s F (about −53 °C) in settled parts, and in July temperatures of more than 100 °F (about 41 °C) have been recorded. The normal mean daily reading for the arable regions ranges from −5 to 10 °F (about −21 to −12 °C) in January and from the mid-50s to the mid-60s F (about 13 to 18 °C) in July. In other words, Saskatchewan has a variable climate with cold winters and warm to hot summers. Because the province lies in the continental interior, precipitation is low, averaging from about 10 to 20 inches (about 250 to 510 mm) each year. Most winter precipitation falls as snow, which ranges from about 30 inches (about 750 mm) in the southwest to more than 60 inches (about 1,500 mm) in the north-central area. Drought years are not uncommon. Plant and animal life Saskatchewan from north to south is marked by six recognizable bands of natural plant life, all running in a northwest-southeasterly direction and roughly following the pattern of soil zones. The northeastern corner of the province consists of subarctic woodland in which widely spaced black spruce and jack


Susan Brown was the first woman to take part in what event, in 1981?

Oxford Cox Pictures | Getty Images Oxford Cox April 04, 1981 Licence Oxford cox Susan Brown, the first woman to take part in the annual Oxford versus...Oxford cox Susan Brown, the first woman to take part in the annual Oxford versus Cambridge boat race, leads her crew to victory, 4th April 1981. Here she urges them on as they pass Hammersmith Bridge on the River Thames. LessMore


BBC - Religions - Shinto: Shinto holy books Shinto holy books This page provides a brief overview of the holy books of Shinto. On this page Print this page Shinto holy books The holy books of Shinto are the Kojiki or 'Records of Ancient Matters' (712 CE) and the Nihon-gi or 'Chronicles of Japan' (720 CE). These books are compilations of ancient myths and traditional teachings that had previously been passed down orally. O no Yasumaro, painted by Kikuchi Yosai © The Kojiki was dictated by Heida no Are to the scribe O no Yasumaro on the orders of the Emperor Temmu. The holy books are not exclusively Shinto The dates are very significant, since by the 8th century, when they were compiled, Japanese religious life had received considerable input from Buddhism and Confucianism, both of which coloured the contents of these books. Political purpose Some of the myths have a very clear political purposes. In a wide sense, they are intended to establish the primacy of Japan and the Japanese over all other countries and peoples and in a narrow sense, to give divine authority to the ruling classes of Japan, and to some extent to establish the political supremacy of the Yamato clan over the Izumo clan. Moral purpose The myths teach a number of truths: Japan and its people are chosen and special to the gods (kami) the kami have many qualities in common with human beings the kami are very different from God in the Western sense the kami have a duty to look after humanity humanity should look after the kami purity and purification are important if humanity is to thrive purification is a creative as well as a cleansing act death is the ultimate impurity


When did the USA officially enter World War II?

When Did the United States Really Enter World War II? When Did the United States Really Enter World War II? by Larry Just when America joined the hostilities of World War II has quite a bit of significance for me. You see, my mom, Julia, was a war bride, deciding to marry my father, who was expected to soon be in the conflict, shortly following Pearl Harbor and after war was officially declared, first between our nation and Japan and, a few days later, between the U.S. and Germany, then Italy as well. My dad and mom were wed less than two months later. Had folks understood that war had actually started several months earlier, it seems likely I might not exist today. Mom might have met and married some other budding hero, or, if not, the circumstances of her getting together with my father would almost certainly have been different enough that I would never have come into being. Yet those events, the surprise Japanese attack on our naval base in Hawaii, followed almost immediately by declarations of war with the Axis powers, were but the culmination of a series of occurrences which amounted to an undeclared war, ongoing since 1940 or even earlier. In March, 1941, a few months after the German campaign against France had ended, in June, 1940, and after the inspiring (to Americans) Battle of Britain, the first major conflict of World War II won by the Allies, thus giving hope that Britain could in fact stand up to Germany, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, authorizing President Franklin D. Roosevelt to loan and sell and then ship to Britain and her allies material support which could thwart further Nazi German aggression. In so doing, however, the government gave up this country's neutrality. We continued to call ourselves non-combatants, and Roosevelt had even been promising voters he would keep us out of the war, but in fact the fighting and dying among our citizens had already begun. Merchant Ships Assembling for Convoy - World War II (Wikipedia) Recognizing that the best way to bring Britain to capitulation was by cutting off supplies to this island nation, Hitler had ordered aerial as well as submarine attacks on her convoys, especially those transiting the Atlantic between Britain and Canada or America. Even before Lend-Lease, the U.S., like any other major trading partner with the British Isles, had been shipping large amounts of food and other goods to England's ports. Germany decided that anyone shipping to her enemies was in effect an enemy, neutral or not, and so began sinking our merchant vessels. In 1940, military attacks on U.S. merchant shipping had resulted in 7 ships being sunk. In 1941, many more were destroyed by German air or submarine actions. Before Pearl Harbor, between 200 and 300 merchant mariners or their armed guards had died through such attacks. In fact, the U.S. Merchant Marine was the unsung hero service of the Second World War, accounting for a higher percentage of members being killed even than the Marines, with the other services (Army, Navy, Coast Guard) suffering even fewer casualties on a percentage basis. Japan had invaded Manchuria and then China itself prior to the commencement of European hostilities. In Nanking, China, alone estimates of the dead at the hands of the Japanese between 1937 and 1938 were around 300,000. Later, Germany's battle with France seems also to have further emboldened her ally, Japan, which promptly invaded northern Indochina. In reaction to that and Japan's previous aggressions, the U. S. imposed on Japan an embargo of scrap metal shipments, which Japan had needed for her war effort. This was followed shortly too by a freezing of Japanese assets in the U.S. and a boycott on the sale and shipment of oil from our nation to Japan. At the time, the Land of the Rising Sun was dependent on this country for 80% of its oil imports, so our action in depriving them of vitally needed commodities while shipping materials to Britain, then her primary enemy in the Far East, was considered hardly the behavior of a neutral nation. A year later, in June, 1941, Japan was seek


According to the Bible, Ham, Shem and Japheth were whose sons?

Map of the Origin of Nations in Genesis 10 (Bible History Online) What is the  most ancient account of the distribution of nations? What family was  saved during the  flood? Why were they scattered? What were the names of Noah's three  sons* Where did each locate? For what trait is each distinguished? Name and locate the  sons of Japheth, Name and locate the sons of Ham. Name and locate the sons of Shem. Draw map and locate the grandsons of Noah.   Shem-Asia.  (Religious fervor) Elam, Asshur,  Arphaxad, Lud, Aram, Japheth-Europe.  (Intellectual activity) Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, Tiras. Ham-Africa.  (Physical endurance) Cush, Mizraim, Phut, Canaan,   Shem Shem in Easton's Bible Dictionary a name;  renown, the first mentioned of the sons of Noah (Gen. 5:32; 6:10).  He was probably the eldest of Noah's sons. The words "brother of  Japheth the elder" in Gen. 10:21 are more correctly rendered "the  elder brother of Japheth," as in the Revised Version. Shem's name is  generally mentioned first in the list of Noah's sons. He and his  wife were saved in the ark (7:13). Noah foretold his preeminence  over Canaan (9:23-27). He died at the age of six hundred years,  having been for many years contemporary with Abraham, according to  the usual chronology. The Israelitish nation sprang from him (Gen.  11:10-26; 1 Chr. 1:24-27). Shem in Fausset's Bible Dictionary Noah's oldest son, as the order implies (Genesis 5:32; Genesis 6:10;  Genesis 7:13; Genesis 9:18; Genesis 10:1; 1 Chronicles 1:4). (See  HAM.) Usually named first, but in Genesis 10:21 last, because from  that point forward Scripture traces the history of his descendants.  Translated "the elder brother of Japheth," as Arabic, Syriac, and  Vulgate. If "Japheth the elder" had been meant Hebrew idiom would  have added "son," "the elder son of Noah." His descendants dwelt  chiefly in western Asia, Shem of the Asiatic Japhethites, in an  uninterrupted line from the Mediterranean to the mountains of  Luristan and the Indian Ocean, Lydia, Israel, Syria (Aram), Chaldaea  (Arphaxad), Assyria (Asshur), Persia (Elam), northern and central  Arabia (Joktan). Shem means in Hebrew name, and may have been a  designation subsequently given him as the one of note or great name  among Noah's sons; as Ham, the settler in the warm regions of  Africa; Japheth, the one whose descendants spread most abroad  (Genesis 9:18-27). Noah's words after Shem's dutifulness in covering  his father's shame, in filial reverence, with Japheth (compare the  blessing, Exodus 20:12), "blessed be Jehovah, the God of Shem, and  Canaan shall be his servant," not only bless God for putting the  pious feeling into his heart, but prophesy that Jehovah should be  especially the God of Shem, which was fulfilled in choosing Abraham  and Israel his descendants as God's peculiar people. "Japheth shall  dwell in the tents of Shem," fulfilled in part now, more fully  hereafter (Isaiah 60:3; Isaiah 60:5; Ephesians 3:6). All the  Japhetic nations almost are believers in the God of Shem, even the  Aryan races in Asia are tending toward Christianity. Others less  probably (as Genesis 9:27 refers to Japheth's future rather than  Shem's), "God shall dwell in the tents of Shem" (compare John 1:14,  the Son of God "tented (eskeenosen) among us".) The Hamitic Babel  tower builders perhaps sneered at the religion of Shem the father of  the faithful, the worshipper of "Jehovah God of Shem."... Shem in Hitchcock's Bible Names name; renown Shem in Naves Topical Bible -(Son of Noah) -Preserved in the ark (ship) Ge 5:32; 6:10; 7:13;  9:18; 1Ch 1:4 -His filial conduct Ge 9:23-27 -Descendants of Ge  10:1,21-31; 11:10-29; 1Ch 1:17-54 -Called SEM (A. V.) Lu 3:36 Shem in Smiths Bible Dictionary (name), the eldest son of Noah. Ge 5:32 He was 98 years old,  married, and childless at the time of the flood. After it, he, with  his father, brothers, sisters-in-law and wife, received the blessing  of God, Ge 9:1 and entered into


Where is the world's largest cave system with 345 km of mapped passageways?

E2=Educational & Entertainment Hub: Top 10 World’s Longest Caves Sunday, July 24, 2011 Top 10 World’s Longest Caves Caves are popular tourist attractions anywhere else in the world. The larger, the longer, the deeper the caves are – the more tourists they attract. Here are the 10 longest caves from around the world. Image Source Mammoth Cave is located in Mammoth Cave National Park in Kentucky, USA. It is considered the world’s longest cave system known. This UNESCO World Heritage Site’s official name is Mammoth-Flint Ridge Cave System for the ridge under which the cave has formed. It was also declared a Biosphere Reserve in 1990. It consists of more than 630 km of passageways and is almost thrice as long as the second longest cave system. Image Source Optymistychna is a cave in Ukraine. The meaning of the name is "optimistic". It is the world’s third longest cave with 230 km of mapped passageways as of 2005. It is the largest cave complex in Eurasia. It also holds the distinction as the world’s longest gypsum cave. This fascinating cave won the special nomination as the National Wonder of Ukraine in 2008. 4.) Ox Bel Ha - Mexico Ox Bel Ha which means "Three Paths of Water" is officially known as Sistema Ox Bel Ha. This cave system is located in Quintana  Roo, Mexico and is the world’s longest explored underwater cave and is rank number 4 including dry caves. Its length as of May 2011 is surveyed at 222.3 kilometers of underwater passages. 5.) Sistema Sac Actun – Mexico Image Source Sistema Sac Actun is a unique underground river in Mexico. It means "White Cave System" in English. This underwater cave system is situated along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. It is presently regarded as the second longest underground river in the world. It is the second longest surveyed cave system in Mexico and the 6th longest in the world. As of January 2011, this cave system currently measures 215.4 kilometers.  Image Source Lechuguilla Cave is the 6th longest cave in the world with a length of 210 km as of June 2011. It is located in Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico, USA. The cave is also the deepest cave in mainland USA with a depth of 489 meters. The cave is well-known for its peculiar geology, rare formations and pristine condition. Its name was taken from Agave lechuguilla, a plant species that grows near its entrance. Image Source Wind Cave is part of Wind Cave National Park located in the town of Hot Springs in South Dakota, USA. Wind Cave is notable for its displays of the calcite formation known as boxwork and is also known for its frostwork. The cave is also considered a three-dimensional maze cave, recognized as the densest (most passage volume per mi3) cave system in the world. The cave's current length is 210.89 km, with an average of four new miles of cave being discovered each year. Above ground, the park includes the largest remaining natural mixed-grass prairie in the United States. 8.) Holloch Cave – Switzerland Image Source Holloch Cave is previously known as the world’s largest cave complex until the discovery of Mammoth Cave in 1970. This cave is 197 kilometers in length and is located in the Valley of Muotha in Switzerland. It is the second longest European cave and is also notable for having a depth of 939 meters. 9.) Fisher Ridge Cave System – USA Fisher Ridge Cave System is 180 kilometers in length and it is located near Cave City in the state of Kentucky, USA. It is part of the Mammoth Cave National  Park. The cave is a popular tourist destination. 10.) Gua Air Jernih – Malaysia Gua Air Jernih is a 174 kilometers long cave located in Miri, Sarawak in Borneo, Malaysia. It was explored in 1978 and is part of Gunung Mulu national Park. This show cave was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. *Ozernaya Cave - Ukraine Ozernaya Cave with a length of 122 kilometers is the 11th-longest cave in the world. It is located in Ukraine. See also


What gas is a component of common table salt?

Table salt Table salt [  Alkalising  ]   This page contains various articles on     salt, table salt and sodium. There are different theories on the     usefulness or otherwise of salt. The only comment I can make is that table salt doesn't     seem to work as a cellsalt.   see "ACIDITY" FOR FULL ARTICLE Sodium from a plant for example, is much  different than the sodium from table salt. For the basis of this discussion it  would be best to assume that they are not the same at all.  You can eat all the  table salt you want and the cells themselves can still be sodium or base  deficient. The sodium used for building cells has to be organic, from plants  and it is the main base mineral we have because there is so much of it.  Sodium  chloride or table salt serves an entirely different function in the body.      The sodium cellsalts While I agree that sodium chloride (table salt) is different from the sodium our body   needs to stop acidity, it can be supplied by cellsalts. It is often stated that we have enough 'sodium' in our diets because of common salt added to food.ï¿½However, there are problems in believing that table salt is a complete nutritional source of sodium.  There are three sodium cellsalts - sodium phosphate, sodium sulphate and sodium chloride.  Common table salt (sodium chloride) is only one of three. For reasons I can't explain, sodium chloride (table salt) doesn't even seem to treat conditions which call for the sodium chloride (nat mur) cellsalt. Homeopathic sodium chloride (nat mur) is very effective in treating housedust allergies, allergic rhinitus, wheezing, sneezing, watery eyes and itchy-sore throat. Normal table salt doesn't seem to alleviate any of these symptoms. Further, sodium phosphate and sulphate cellsalts alleviate rheumatic conditions such as stiff muscles, rheumatic aches and pains and gout. Common table salt doesn't treat these conditions, therefore it isn't a complete source of sodium.  Sodium phosphate and sodium sulphate can be taken in milligram form and they work well. Blackmores Sodium Compound contains sodium sulphate 200mg and sodium phosphate 200mg.These two cellsalts can also be taken in homeopathic form, known as nat phos and nat sulph respectively.  I've heard it said that common table salt has some nutritional qualities, especially for treating heat cramps in the tropics. However, from my own experience I've never been able to see that it can be used to alleviate any sodium deficiency symptoms, even the sodium chloride ones. I only use the homeopathic form of sodium chloride but haven't got any explanation for why it should alleviate symptoms while table salt doesn't..   Sodium phosphateï¿½ Known as the acid neutraliser which neutralises body acids such as lactic acid and uric acid.  Sodium sulphate Removes poison charged fluids from the cells. Homeopathic sodium chloride (nat mur) Known as the water carrier,     distributes and carries     water into the cells. Sodium is an important natural mineral found especially in leafy greens, celery, seeds, carrots, figs, apples, dried fruit, cabbage.   http://www.healthy1.org/199908_salt.htm Are you slowly losing your eyesight or hearing as you age? Do you seem to be experiencing erectile dysfunction, prostate difficulties, or other organ and sexually related problems as you grow older? Well, it may be related to your salt consumption. A slow deterioration of eyesight, hearing, prostate problems, erectile dysfunction, and premature aging are all problems related to smoking, however if you don't smoke and are still experiencing some of these problems as you grow older, you might want to examine your salt consumption. Smoking destroys the elasticity of the arterial walls throughout the entire body and restricts blood flow through the smaller capillaries causing an eventual deterioration of the eyesight, hearing, prostate, and subsequent erectile dysfunction due to an abundance of free radicals1 from constituents of the gas phase of tobacco smoke2 which are deposited on the arteries. This creates serious p


"In the words of the old song, ""My old man said 'Follow the van, and don't ... what ... On the way' ""?"

Folk & Traditional Song Lyrics - Don't Dilly Dally (My Old Man) Visit Us On FB Don't Dilly Dally (My Old Man) Don't Dilly Dally (My Old Man) (Charles Collins and Fred W. Leigh) We had to move away, 'cos the rent we couldn't pay, The moving van came round just after dark; There was me and my old man, shoving things inside the van, Which we'd often done before let me remark. We packed all that could be packed in the van and that's a fact; And we got inside all we could get inside, Then we packed all we could pack on the tailboard at the back, Till there wasn't any room for me to ride. cho: My old man said, "Follow the van, don't dilly dally on the way!"   Off went the cart with the home packed in it,   I walked behind with me old cock linnet.   But I dillied and dallied, dallied and dillied,   Lost the van and don't know where to roam. Variation: I stopped on the way to have the old half-quartern, And I can't find my way home. I gave a helping hand with the marble wash-handstand, And straight, we wasn't getting on so bad; All at once the carman bloke had an accident and broke, Well, the nicest bit of china that we had. You'll understand of course, I was cross about the loss, Same as any other human woman would; But I soon got over that, what with 'two-out' and a chat, 'Cos it's little things like that what does you good. Chorus: Variation: Now who's going to put up the old iron bedstead If I can't find my way home? Oh! I'm in such a mess - I don't know the new address - Don't even know the blessed neighbourhood, And I feel as if I might have to stay out all the night, And that ain't going to do me any good. I don't make no complaint, but I'm coming over faint, What I want now is a good substantial feed, And I sort o' kind o' feel, if I don't soon have a meal, I shall have to rob the linnet of his seed. Chorus: Variation: You can't trust the specials like the old-time coppers When you can't find your way home. XX Apr98


What is a word for a computer user's representation of themselves, usually in the form of a three-dimensional model used in computer games?

Avatars Avatars Page Content What are they? An avatar, from the Sanskrit word for 'a form of self', is a computer user's representation of himself/herself or alter ego, whether in the form of a three-dimensional model used in computer games or a two-dimensional icon (picture) used on internet forums and other communities (source: Wikipedia). Avatars are often used to avoid using personal photos in online environments. What do they look like? Working online Please note: This page is a teacher resource. Teachers are advised of the need to check the terms and conditions, privacy, and age restrictions of digital resources before using them with students. Teachers need to be aware of how and where their students’ information and content is used and shared by the digital technologies they plan to use. Parental consent must be obtained to use a student’s personal information to generate accounts and provide access to online services. Non-identifiable information should be used by students working online.   Be funky How it works: Be funky allows users to upload photos and easily add special effects, altering their image so it appears to be a cartoon, drawn in charcoal or pencil, pop art and others. Keeping safe: Users can upload photos from their computer or other locations, modify images and save them off-line without providing any personal details. Build your wild self How it works: Build your wild self allows users to create their own characters which are a mix of human and animal components. Completed images may be emailed to a friend or printed. Keeping safe: Users only need to provide their email address if they email their creation to a friend. Voki How it works: Voki allows users to create their own character and choose from various hairstyles, clothing, accessories and backgrounds. The character can voice word processed comments, or users can record their own statements for the character to 'speak'. Safety issues: Voki avatars can be embedded in a blog or wiki and allow students to create an avatar to represent themselves or their class. Suitable for students aged 13 and over. Teacher Support Resources


What causes the sting caused by a nettle or an ant?

8 Health Benefits of Stinging Nettle | Eat This! 8 Health Benefits of Stinging Nettle hdiaries 0 Comment Stinging nettle is so-called because of the short hairs on its stalk and under its leaves that sting you. The sting of the nettle causes an allergic reaction and may cause a painful rash. The hairs inject several chemicals and compounds into the skin. One of these is formic acid, the same thing that’s in ant and bee stings. However, other compounds in the nettle’s sting, such as serotonin and histamine, have medicinal properties, which is what makes stinging nettle one of nature’s most valuable plants. Here are 8 health benefits of stinging nettle: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Stinging nettle has been found to be an effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a type of enlargement of the prostate. In human trials, nettle used alone and alongside other herbs, alleviated symptoms better than the placebo. Studies have also found that nettle works just as well as the prescription drug finasteride in treating BPH but without the unwanted side effects of the finasteride. Anti-Inflammatory Stinging nettle has been found to contain compounds that reduce the inflammatory response in the body by blocking cytokines. For this reason, it is often used as a natural remedy for disorders that are caused by chronic inflammation. Arthritis Nettle is believed to help with arthritis because of its anti-inflammatory properties as mentioned above. Research has found that an old folk remedy called urtication really does work. Urtication involves pricking the skin with stinging nettles in order to an inflammatory response, which in turn provides temporary relief from joint pain. The researchers believe that one of the reasons it may work is because the needles inject pain-blocking neurotransmitters into the skin. Allergy Treatment One study found that nettle alleviated the symptoms of hay fever thanks to its natural antihistamine properties. Some people say it helps to reduce the symptoms of poison oak or ivy, which is a severe type of allergic reaction. It can be taken internally as a tea for seasonal allergies or externally for allergic rashes like poison oak/ivy. Diuretic Nettle has diurectic properties and has been used to treat water retention since medieval times. Dandruff Remedy A popular home remedy for dandruff is to make a hair rinse using stinging nettle. While there are no studies on stinging nettle for dandruff, many people swear by it. Constipation It has a laxative effect, so drinking nettle tea may help with constipation. Start out slowly with a little bit of tea and see how it affects you before drinking a lot of it since too much stinging nettle tea may cause stomach irritation. Nutrient Dense Along with all of the above health benefits of stinging nettle, it is also high in vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, potassium, iron, chlorophyll, and zinc. If you have access to fresh nettle leaves, you can use them in cooking in place of other greens in recipes like pesto and lasagna.


What airline, with a fleet of 55 aircraft, the flag carrier of Poland, was established in 1929, and is one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation?

LOT Polish Airlines LOT Polish Airlines ACT AeroFreight LOT Polish Airlines LOT Polish Airlines is the flag carrier of Poland. LOT was established in 1929 and is based in Warsaw, making it one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation. Using a fleet of 55 aircraft, LOT operates a complex network to 60 destinations in Europe, North America, and Asia. As Poland made the transition to democracy from 1989, the airline began a transformation from a Soviet-controlled carrier to a European flag carrier. LOT started a process of fleet renewal with the purchase of Western aircraft to replace old Soviet models. With the arrival of the first , LOT started inter-continental services to Chicago, Newark, Toronto, and New York City. These four main routes have been some of the most popular flights that LOT operates, especially during the summer season when many seek to come back to their homeland for vacation. The airline has a large short-haul service, with recently added destinations operating with E -170/175, and a recent order conversion to the E-195, will enable LOT to serve more destinations. LOT found itself undergoing constant management change in the late 2000s due to worsening financials and reductions in market share. source: www.lot.com


First released in 1928, which animated cartoon was the first to feature Mickey & Minnie Mouse?

Pictures: Mickey Mouse through the years - Orlando Sentinel Pictures: Mickey Mouse through the years Mickey Mouse in 1928 -- 'Steamboat Willie' DISNEY 'Steamboat Willie' featuring Mickey Mouse was released on Nov. 18, 1928. It was the first Mickey Mouse cartoon released although he had appeared two earlier efforts -- 'Plane Crazy' and 'The Gallopin' Gaucho'. It was also the first Disney cartoon to feature synchronized sound. You can view the animated short from YouTube below. 'Steamboat Willie' featuring Mickey Mouse was released on Nov. 18, 1928. It was the first Mickey Mouse cartoon released although he had appeared two earlier efforts -- 'Plane Crazy' and 'The Gallopin' Gaucho'. It was also the first Disney cartoon to feature synchronized sound. You can view the animated short from YouTube below. (DISNEY)


Marti Pellow was the lead singer of which band?

Chess in Concert CHESS IN CONCERT is currently being shown on television globally. It is also available on DVD and CD. Principal Artists MARTI PELLOW (The Arbiter) Marti Pellow is the lead singer of the enormously successful ‘Wet, Wet, Wet’. The band was found in 1983 and soon became one of the most successful groups of the 80’s and 90’s, and still continues to have top 10 records today. Marti and the group have sold over 15 million albums and garnered 26 UK top singles, 10 of which went Top 10, and 3 to number one, including the biggest selling single in UK history, ‘Love Is All Around’ which featured in the film ‘Four Weddings And A Funeral,’ and stayed at number 1 in the UK charts for an incredible 16 weeks, and the US charts for 11 weeks. They have also enjoyed incredible live success playing to over a million people worldwide. As a solo artiste, Marti has completed a number of sell out tours playing all over the world. His first solo album went straight into the Top 10 and since then all of his albums have achieved platinum status. His most recent album to be released later this year, ‘In A Sentimental Mood’ inspired by playing at the famous Ronnie Scott’s Jazz Club, will be followed by a national tour in April 2008. Marti has played Billy Flynn in the hit musical ‘Chicago’ both in the West End and on Broadway, and later this year will play the lead role of Daryl Van Horne in ‘The Witches Of Eastwick.’ What a devil he is! Marti has a chance to complete another goal in his life – to work with Sir Tim Rice.  He is delighted to be part of Chess in Concert, a musical he has always been passionate about. © 2007-2010 Chess in Concert. All Rights Reserved. Web site design and development BYGAYA.COM


What temperature is the equivalent of 0 degrees Kelvin?

Kelvin to Celsius conversion (K to ï¿½C) Home › Conversion › Temperature › Kelvin to Celsius Kelvin to Celsius conversion Kelvin to Celsius conversion calculator Enter the temperature in Kelvin and press the Convert button: Kelvin: How to convert Kelvin to Celsius 0 degrees Kelvin is equal to -273.15 degrees Celsius: 0 K = -273.15 ï¿½C The temperature T in degrees Celsius (ï¿½C) is equal to the temperature T in Kelvin (K) minus 273.15: T(ï¿½C) = T(K) - 273.15 Example Convert 300 Kelvin to degrees Celsius: T(ï¿½C) = 300K - 273.15 = 26.85 ï¿½C Kelvin to Celsius conversion table


Vellum, a type of parchment, was originally made from the skin of which animal?

Differences between Parchment, Vellum and Paper | National Archives Technical Information Differences between Parchment, Vellum and Paper The term parchment is a general term for an animal skin which has been prepared for writing or printing. Parchment has been made for centuries, and is usually calf, goat, or sheep skin. The term vellum from the French veau refers to a parchment made from calf skin. The manufacture of parchment is quite involved. After the skin is removed from the animal and any hair or flesh is cleaned away, it is stretched on a wooden frame. While it is stretched, the parchment maker or parchminer scrapes the surface of the skin with a special curved knife. In order to create tension in the skin, scraping is alternated by wetting and drying the skin. The parchment is scraped, wetted, and dried several times to bring it to the right thickness and tautness. Sometimes a final finish is achieved using pumice as an abrasive followed by chalk in order to prepare the surface of the skin to accept ink. Parchment has traditionally been used instead of paper for important documents such as religious texts, public laws, indentures, and land records as it has always been considered a strong and stable material. The five pages of the U.S. Constitution as well as the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, and the Articles of Confederation are written on parchment. The terms parchment and vellum are also used in the paper making industry. Parchment paper is made from cellulose fibers prepared from fir trees or plants such as cotton or flax. Paper can be made which mimics the thickness and smooth surface of parchment. The terms refer to the finish of the paper and should not be relied upon as an indicator of its long term stability. This page was last reviewed on August 15, 2016.


Who was the first person to defeat Muhammad Ali during his professional career?

Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com Google Muhammad Ali’s Early Years and Amateur Career Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr., the elder son of Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. (1912-1990) and Odessa Grady Clay (1917-1994), was born on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky . It was a red-and-white Schwinn that steered the future heavyweight champion to the sport of boxing. When his beloved bicycle was stolen, a tearful 12-year-old Clay reported the theft to Louisville police officer Joe Martin (1916-1996) and vowed to pummel the culprit. Martin, who was also a boxing trainer, suggested that the upset youngster first learn how to fight, and he took Clay under his wing. Six weeks later, Clay won his first bout in a split decision. Did You Know? Muhammad Ali has appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated 38 times, second only to basketball great Michael Jordan. By age 18 Clay had captured two national Golden Gloves titles, two Amateur Athletic Union national titles and 100 victories against eight losses. After graduating high school, he traveled to Rome and won the light heavyweight gold medal in the 1960 Summer Olympics. Clay won his professional boxing debut on October 29, 1960, in a six-round decision. From the start of his pro career, the 6-foot-3-inch heavyweight overwhelmed his opponents with a combination of quick, powerful jabs and foot speed, and his constant braggadocio and self-promotion earned him the nickname “Louisville Lip.” Muhammad Ali: Heavyweight Champion of the World After winning his first 19 fights, including 15 knockouts, Clay received his first title shot on February 25, 1964, against reigning heavyweight champion Sonny Liston (1932-1970). Although he arrived in Miami Beach, Florida , a 7-1 underdog, the 22-year-old Clay relentlessly taunted Liston before the fight, promising to “float like a butterfly, sting like a bee” and predicting a knockout. When Liston failed to answer the bell at the start of the seventh round, Clay was indeed crowned heavyweight champion of the world. In the ring after the fight, the new champ roared, “I am the greatest!” At a press conference the next morning, Clay, who had been seen around Miami with controversial Nation of Islam member Malcolm X (1925-1965), confirmed the rumors of his conversion to Islam. On March 6, 1964, Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975) bestowed on Clay the name of Muhammad Ali. Ali solidified his hold on the heavyweight championship by knocking out Liston in the first round of their rematch on May 25, 1965, and he defended his title eight more times. Then, with the Vietnam War raging, Ali showed up for his scheduled induction into the U.S. Armed Forces on April 28, 1967. Citing his religious beliefs, he refused to serve. Ali was arrested, and the New York State Athletic Commission immediately suspended his boxing license and revoked his heavyweight belt. Convicted of draft evasion, Ali was sentenced to the maximum of five years in prison and a $10,000 fine, but he remained free while the conviction was appealed. Many saw Ali as a draft dodger, and his popularity plummeted. Banned from boxing for three years, Ali spoke out against the Vietnam War on college campuses. As public attitudes turned against the war, support for Ali grew. In 1970 the New York State Supreme Court ordered his boxing license reinstated, and the following year the U.S. Supreme Court overturned his conviction in a unanimous decision. Muhammad Ali’s Return to the Ring After 43 months in exile, Ali returned to the ring on October 26, 1970, and knocked out Jerry Quarry (1945-1999) in the third round. On March 8, 1971, Ali got his chance to regain his heavyweight crown against reigning champ Joe Frazier (1944-2011) in what was billed as the “Fight of the Century.” The undefeated Frazier floored Ali with a hard left hook in the final round. Ali got up but lost in a unanimous decision, experiencing his first defeat as a pro. Ali won his next 10 bouts before being defeated by Ken Norton (1943-). He won the rematch six months later in a split decision and gained further reve


"Who is the lead singer of the American rock / ska-pop / reggae band ""No Doubt"", winners of 2 Grammy Awards, which was formed in Anaheim, California, in 1986?"

No Doubt | Less Than Jake Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia see members section No Doubt is an American rock band from Anaheim, California, founded in 1986. The ska-pop sound of their first album, No Doubt (1992), failed to make waves. The band's diamond-certified album Tragic Kingdom helped to launch the ska revival of the 1990s, and " Don't Speak ", the third single from the album, set a record when it spent sixteen weeks at the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart. The group released its next album, Return of Saturn , four years later, but despite positive reviews, the album was considered a commercial failure. Fifteen months later, the band reappeared with Rock Steady , which incorporated reggae and dancehall music into their work. The album was primarily recorded in Jamaica and featured collaborations with Jamaican artists Bounty Killer , Sly and Robbie , and Lady Saw . The album produced two Grammy -winning singles, " Hey Baby " and " Underneath It All ". No Doubt released the compilation The Singles 1992–2003 and box set Boom Box in 2003, both of which contained a cover version of the Talk Talk synthpop song " It's My Life ". Frontwoman Gwen Stefani launched her solo career the next year with several collaborations, including bandmate Tony Kanal as well as Pharrell Williams of The Neptunes , while guitarist Tom Dumont began his side project, Invincible Overlord . During its career, the band has won two Grammy Awards and sold 28 million records worldwide to date. [1] The band embarked on a national tour throughout the summer of 2009. No Doubt was ranked 89th best artist of the decade by Billboard . [2] Contents Edit Eric Stefani and his sister Gwen formed a band called Apple Core in 1986 [3] . Eric taught himself to play accordion and played for the band with Gwen singing back up. About a year later Eric met John Spence at a Dairy Queen and had talked about getting a group together to play music. Eric got a keyboard and gathered some players together to practice. The practice included Eric Stefani (keyboards), Gwen Stefani (vocals), John Spence (Vocals), Jerry McMahon (Guitar), Chris Leal (Bass) and Gabe Gonzalas (Trumpet), Alan and Tony Meade. They practiced in Eric's parents' garage. Tony Kanal went to one of the band's early shows and soon joined the band as its bassist. After initially rejecting her advances, he began dating Gwen, but they kept their relationship secret for a year, feeling that it was an unspoken rule that nobody date her. [4] In December 1987, Spence committed suicide several days before the band was to play a gig at The Roxy Theatre for record industry employees. [4] No Doubt disbanded but decided to regroup after several weeks [4] with Alan Meade taking over vocals. [5] When Meade left the band, Gwen replaced him as lead singer, [5] and No Doubt continued to develop a live following in California. [4] In early 1988, Tom Dumont left Rising, a heavy metal band of which he was a member with his sister, [6] stating that local metal bands "were into drinking, wearing Spandex" but that he wanted to focus on music. [7] He joined No Doubt and replaced Jerry McMahon as the band's guitarist, adding a distinct metal influence to its sound. Adrian Young replaced Chris Webb as the drummer the following year. [4] Impressed by the presence of rabid, stage diving fans at No Doubt's concerts and Gwen's mesmerizing on-stage presence, Tony Ferguson signed the band to a multi-album deal with the newly created Interscope Records in 1990. [4] No Doubt's self-titled debut album was finally released in 1992, but it featured no radio singles, although a video was made for "Trapped in a Box." The album's distinctly upbeat ska/pop/cartoon sound sharply contrasted with the then-dominant grunge movement. Because the music world's focus was redirected squarely at Seattle, No Doubt's album was not supported by the record label and considered a commercial failure for selling only 30,000 copies. [5] The band embarked on a national tour in support of the album, though Interscope refused to support the tour. [8


History of the Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater The Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater is one of the most well-known of the ancient Roman structures because so much of it still remains. Meaning: Amphitheater comes from the Greek amphi ~ on both sides and theatron ~ semicircular viewing place or theater. An Improvement Over the Existing Design The Circus The Colosseum in Rome is an amphitheater. It was developed as an improvement over the differently shaped but similarly used Circus Maximus , for gladiatorial combats, wild beast fights (venationes), and mock naval battles (naumachiae). Spine: Elliptical in shape, the circus had a fixed central divider called a spina down the middle, which was useful in chariot races , but got in the way during fights. Viewing: In addition, the spectators' view was limited in the circus. The amphitheater put spectators on all sides of the action. Flimsy Early Amphitheaters In 50 B.C., C. Scribonius Curio built the first amphitheater in Rome to stage his father's funeral games. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know Curio's amphitheater and the next one, built in 46 B.C., by Julius Caesar , were made of wood. The weight of the spectators was at times too great for the wooden structure and, of course, the wood was easily destroyed by fire. Stable Amphitheater The Emperor Augustus designed a more substantial amphitheater to stage venationes, but it wasn't until the Flavian emperors, Vespasian and Titus, that the enduring, limestone, brick, and marble Amphitheatrum Flavium (aka Vespasian's Amphitheater) was built. "The construction utilized a careful combination of types: concrete for the foundations, travertine for the piers and arcades, tufa infill between piers for the walls of the lower two levels, and brick-faced concrete used for the upper levels and for most of the vaults." Great Buildings Online - Roman Colosseum The amphitheater was dedicated in A.D. 80, in a ceremony lasting a hundred days, with the slaughter of 5000 sacrificial animals. The amphitheater may not have been finished, however, until the reign of Titus' brother Domitian. Lightning damaged the amphitheater, but later emperors repaired and maintained it until the games were ended in the sixth century. Source of the Name Colosseum The medieval historian Bede applied the name Colosseum (Colyseus) to the Amphitheatrum Flavium, possibly because the amphitheater -- which had taken back the pond on the land Nero had devoted to his extravagant golden palace ( domus aurea ) -- stood beside a colossal statue of Nero. This etymology is disputed. Size of the Flavian Amphitheater The tallest Roman structure , the colosseum was about 160 feet high and covered about six acres. Its long axis is 188m and its short, 156m. Construction used 100,000 cu. meters of travertine (like the cella of the Temple of Hercules Victor ), and 300 tons of iron for clamps, according to Filippo Coarelli in Rome and Environs. Although all the seats are gone, at the end of the 19th century , the seating potential was calculated and the figures are generally accepted. There were likely 87,000 seats in 45-50 rows inside the colosseum. Coarelli says social standing determined seating, so those rows closest to the action were reserved for the senatorial classes, whose special seats were inscribed with their names and made of marble. Women were separated at public events from the time of the earliest emperor, Augustus. The Romans probably held mock sea battles in the Flavian Amphitheater. Vomitoria There were 64 numbered doors to let spectators in and out that were called vomitoria. N.B.: Vomitoria were exits, not places spectators regurgitated the contents of their stomachs to facilitate binge eating and drinking. People vomited forth, so to speak, from the exits. Other Noteworthy Aspects of the Colosseum There were substructures under the fighting area that may have been animal dens or channels for water for or from the mock naval battles. It is hard to determine how the Romans produced venationes and naumachiae on the sam