Which daughter of the King of Tyre traditionally founded Carthage?

Carthage - The Founding Carthage By N.S. Gill What Is Carthage? Carthage was a prosperous ancient city on the north coast of Africa (in modern Tunisia) that was founded by Phoenicians. A commercial empire, Carthage made its fortune through trade, and expanded its domain across northern Africa, the area that is now Spain, and into the Mediterranean where it came into contact and conflict with the Greeks and Romans. The Legend of Carthage: Dido and the other Pygmalion The romantic legend of the founding of Carthage is that a merchant-prince or king of Tyre gave his daughter Elissa (usually called Dido in Vergil's Aeneid) in marriage to his brother, her uncle, a priest of Melqart named Sichaeus, along with the kingdom. Elissa's brother, Pygmalion [note: there is another ancient Pygmalion ], had thought the kingdom would be his, and when he discovered that he had been thwarted, secretly killed his brother-in-law/uncle. Sichaeus, as a ghost, came to his widow to tell her that her brother was dangerous and that she needed to take her followers and the royal wealth that Pygmalion had appropriated, and flee. continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States Although certainly the supernatural element raises questions, clearly Tyre did send out colonists. The next part of the legend plays on the characterization of Phoenicians as tricky. After stopping at Cyprus, Elissa and her followers landed in north Africa where they asked the locals if they could stop to rest. When they were told that they could have the area that an ox hide would cover, Elissa had an ox hide cut into strips and lay them out end-to-end in a crescent circumscribing a sizeable area of land. Elissa had taken an area of the shoreline opposite Sicily that would allow the emigrants from the mercantile city of Tyre to continue to ply their expertise in trade. This ox-hide enclosed area was known as Carthage. Eventually, the Phoenicians of Carthage branched out into other areas and started to develop an empire. They came into conflict first with the Greeks [see: Magna Graecia ] and then with the Romans. Although it took three (Punic) wars with the Romans, the Carthaginians were eventually annihilated. According to another story, the Romans sprinkled the fertile land on which they lived with salt in 146 B.C. A century later, Julius Caesar proposed the establishment of a Roman Carthage on the same spot. Points to Note About the Carthage Founding Legend: The Greeks and Romans considered the Phoenicians to be treacherous. In the Odyssey, Rhys Carpenter (1958: "Phoenicians in the West") says Homer calls them polypaipaloi "of many tricks". The term Punic fides "Punic faith" means bad faith or betrayal. Cicero said of the Carthaginians that "Carthage would not have held an empire for six hundred years had it not been governed with wisdom and statecraft." Cadmus (Kadmos) of Tyre was a Phoenician of legend who brought the alphabet to the Greeks when he went in search of his sister Europa whom Zeus had carried off on a white bull. Cadmus founded Thebes. The salting of Carthage is a legend. R.T. Ridley in "To be Taken with a Pinch of Salt: The Destruction of Carthage," Classical Philology Vol 81, No. 2 1986 says the first reference he can find to the salting of Carthage comes from the twentieth century.   Evidence for Carthage: The Romans actively set out to obliterate Carthage in 146 B.C., following the Third Punic War , and then they built a new Carthage on top of the ruins, a century later, which was itself destroyed. So there are few remains of Carthage in the original location. There are tombs and burial urns from a sanctuary to the fertility mother goddess Tanit , a stretch of the wall fortifying the city that is visible from the air, and the remains of two harbors.(1) Date of the Founding of Carthage: According to Polybius (born c. 204 B.C.), the Greek historian Timaeus of Tauromenion (c. 357-260 B.C.), dated the founding of Carthage to 814 or 813 B.C. Other ancient authors who wrote about Punic Carthage were: Appian,


Horses are measured in 'hands', what is the equivalent of a hand in inches?

Measure Horse Height Note: Links with green underlines are shopping links and will open in a new window How To Measure Horse Height It's easy to measure you horse's height accurately. To determine how tall a horse is measure the horse, in inches, from the ground in a straight line up to the highest point of the withers. This is illustrated in the photo below by the yellow line. Above: The height of a horse is properly measured, in inches, from the ground to the highest point of the withers. For the most accurate measurement the horse should be on firm, level ground with its front feet even, or close to even. Calculating The Results After you have measured your horse you will need to convert the results from inches to "hands." Horse height is correctly referred to by a unit of measurement known as a "hand." One hand is equal to four inches. The gray mare in the photo above is 58 inches from the ground to the top of her withers. When 58 is divided by 4, you have 14.5. The 14 is the number of hands, and the .5 means another half of a hand, or another 2 inches. This means she is 14 and one-half hands tall. Correctly Writing And Speaking The Results The correct way of writing "14 and one-half hands" is to write "14.2". It is not correct to write it as "14.5". When correctly written, the number before the period is the number of hands, and the number after the period is the remaining number of  inches. The number after the period should NOT stand for a fraction. Horseman usually say a measurement like this one out loud as "fourteen two" or "fourteen and a half." A Few Examples Below are a few examples of how to correctly  write down a horse's height. Remember, the number in front of the period is for hands and the number after the period is the remaining inches. 15 - This is a correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands tall 15.0 - Another correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands tall 15.1 - This is the correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands, 1 inch tall 15.2 - This is the correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands, 2 inches tall 15.3 - This is the correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands, 3 inches tall 15.4 - Wrong! This means that a horse is 15 hands, 4 inches tall. Since a hand is equal to four inches, this horse is actually 16 hands tall. 15.5 - Wrong again! Some people incorrectly use the number after the period to stand for fractions of a hand, but it should stand for inches. So, some people write "15.5" to mean 15 and a half hands, but this should correctly be written as "15.2". If you like, you can add "hh" to a measurement, as in "15.1hh". The "hh" stands for "hands high." Horse Measuring Devices There are measuring devices on the market for horses that have hand and inches measurements marked on them. Some devices are rigid poles with short cross bars toward the top that can be raised or lowered to rest on a horse's withers. These are very handy and give accurate measurements easily. Another common device is a horse height/weight tape , which is a special tape measure with hands and inches marked on it. These are inexpensive and are accurate if the person doing the measuring makes sure to run the tape straight up and down, and to read the measurement at a level angle. Where Did "Hands" Come From? As stated above, a horse's height is measured in hands. The origin of measuring a horse this way is very old, but easy to understand. In days long ago people did not have the common measuring devices (like tape measures, etc.) that we do today. To measure a horse, they used what was handy (no pun intended): Their hands. At various times in history and in different locales a "hand" was defined as the with of a person's hand using the fingers only, the width of a person's hand using the fingers and the thumb, the height of a clenched fist, and possibly others. Somewhere along the way, the measuring unit of a hand was standardized to mean four inches. Though the origins are ancient, a hand is still the unit of measurement for horses that modern horse owne


Who is the current Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police?

Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe - Metropolitan Police Service Search the site Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe Born in Sheffield, Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe has an MA in Law from Oxford University, a diploma in Applied Criminology and was awarded an MBA in Business Administration from Sheffield University. He has been awarded the Queen’s Police Medal. After four years working in the health service he joined South Yorkshire Police, aged 22. He worked across the South Yorkshire area in uniform, CID, traffic and personnel. During this time he policed Doncaster's mining community during the miners' strikes. In 1997, he joined Merseyside Police as Assistant Chief Constable (ACC) Community Affairs before taking responsibility for Area Operations in 1999. He was Gold Commander during the national Petrol Disputes of 2000/2001. Sir Bernard joined the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) as Assistant Commissioner in July 2001 with responsibility for Human Resources. During this time he helped the MPS attain 20% growth, reaching 30,000 officers. He re-joined Merseyside Police in 2004, after leaving the MPS, on appointment to Chief Constable, where he introduced the force ‘Total Policing’ model focusing on crime, victims and professionalism. This approach led to crime reducing by a third, a 26 per cent reduction in anti-social behaviour and the highest level of criminal asset recovery outside of London (more than £20 million over three years). He was appointed to Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) in October 2009 and his work included inspections of the MPS, City of London Police, British Transport Police (BTP), Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) and Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI). He was also lead Her Majesty's Inspector on thematic areas of policing such as the Olympics, counter terrorism and serious organised crime. In January 2011 he led the review of the national domestic extremism units. Sir Bernard has vast experience in crime investigation and strategic leadership of major public events, public disorder and organised crime, particularly involving the use of firearms.


Who was the first cricketer to play 100 tests for England?

Meet Test cricket's record-breakers! - Rediff Sports Rediff.com   »  Sports » Meet Test cricket's record-breakers! Meet Test cricket's record-breakers! Last updated on: July 23, 2010 12:05 IST Briggs was the first to 100 wickets in Tests       Next Muttiah Muralitharan became the first bowler to take 800 wickets in Test cricket when he dismissed Pragyan Ojha caught in the slip by Mahela Jayawardene. Here is a chronology of first player to reach every important milestone in Test cricket: The first bowler to take 100 wickets in Test matches was the England left-arm slow bowler, Johnny Briggs. He reached the landmark just before tea on the first day of the Fourth Test against Australia at Sydney on 1 February 1895 in his 25th match. The first bowler to take 200 wickets was Australia's New Zealand-born leg-break bowler, Clarrie Grimmett. He reached that total on 17 February 1936 at the Old Wanderers, Johannesburg, in the penultimate Test of his career. Fred Trueman was the first bowler to take 300 wickets in Test cricket. He reached that total at The Oval in his 65th Test on 15 August 1964 when he had Neil Hawke of Australia caught at slip by Colin Cowdrey. The first bowler to take 400 Test wickets was Richard Hadlee on 4 February 1990 against India on his home ground at Lancaster Park, Christchurch. He reached this landmark at the age of 38 years 216 days after 80 Tests spread over 17 years and two days. Courtney Walsh was the first bowler to take 500 wickets in Test cricket. He reached the landmark at Port-of-Spain on 19 March 2001 in his 129th match when he had trapped Jacques Kallis in front of the wickets. The first bowler to take 600 Test wickets was Shane Warne on 11 August 2005 at Old Trafford against England in his 126th match when he had opener Marcus Trescothick caught behind by Adam Gilchrist. Shane Warne also became the first bowler to reach the 700-wicket mark on 26 December 2006 at Melbourne once again against England by clean bowling Andrew Strauss. Statistics: Rajneesh Gupta Prev       Next The first batsman to score a hundred in Test cricket was Australia's Charles Bannerman who on 15 and 16 March 1877 in the very first innings in Test cricket, scored 165 not out (retired hurt) out of Australia's total of 245. The first batsman to score a hundred in each innings of a Test match was Warren Bardsley when he scored 136 and 130 for Australia at The Oval in August 1909. The first batsman to score a double hundred in Test cricket was Australia's Billy Murdoch who scored 211 for Australia against England at The Oval in August 1884. The first batsman to score a triple hundred in Test cricket was England's Andy Sandham when he scored 325 against West Indies at Kingston in April 1930. Sandham's record score was surpassed by Don Bradman (334 in 1930), Wally Hammond (336 not out in 1932-33), Len Hutton (364 in 1938). West Indian Gary Sobers then scored 365 not out against Pakistan at Kingston in 1957-58) and it remained a record until another West Indian Brian Lara made 375 against England at St. John's in 1993-94. Australia's Matthew Hayden broke Lara's record with 380 against Zimbabwe at Perth in 2003-04, but Lara got the record back on his name against England once again against England at St. John's in the same season. Lara  also became the first batsman to score a quadruple century (400 not out) in Test history. The first batsman to score 1000 runs in Test cricket was England's Aurthur Shrewsbury. He reached that landmark during the last of his three centuries for England, against Australia at Lord's on 17 July 1893. Clem Hill, the Australian left-hander, was the first to score both 2,000 and 3000 runs in Tests. He reached the 2000-mark against England on his home ground, the Adelaide Oval, on 15 January 1904. He completed the 3000 runs on the same ground almost exactly seven years later against South Africa. Having exceeded Hill's final and record aggregate of 3412, Jack Hobbs went on to become the first batsman to reach both 4000 (at Lord's against Australia on 28 June 1926) and 5000 runs (on 14 March 1929 at Me


Which European country has the same flag as Indonesia; red over white?

Indonesia Flag, Indoneisan Flag Papua New Guinea Flag Indonesian Flag Description The flag of Indonesia is a bicolor flag of red and white, divided horizontally with red on top and white below. The flag has been named Sang Saka Merah-Putih, meaning the Sacred Red and White. The red and white of the Indonesian flag represent courage and purity respectively. An additional symbolic meaning for the colors is that red represents physical life and white symbolizes spiritual life, which combined make up humans. With a fairly simple flag design, the Indonesian flag closely resembles the flag of Monaco, as well as the flags of Poland and Singapore. Flag of Indonesia History The flag of Indonesia was adopted on August 17, 1945, when Indonesia gained independence from the Netherlands. The flag was first hoisted for the Independence Day celebrations on that day, and has remained the same design throughout Indonesian history. The colors red and white have been used in Indonesia since at least the thirteenth century, dating back to the Majapahit Empire. The colors are commonly used by countries all around the region because of this history. Some versions of the Indonesian flag history say that the flag was derived from the Dutch flag, which had flown in Indonesia when the island nation was under the rule of the Netherlands. To signify their new-found independence, Indonesians took the Dutch flags and removed the blue, creating the red and white flag used today. ACOD~20130104


Mycology: The Study of Fungi   Mycology: The Study of Fungi Fungi are living things that are one of the five classification systems of organisms. The study of fungi is called mycology. Mycologists look at different types of fungus and categorize them in various specifications, such as those that are helpful and those that cause disease. Mycologists also discover ways to get rid of harmful fungi that have infected people or taken over space; they determine the living conditions to grow fungi; and they look for new uses of fungi to help people. Fungi do not have any way of making their own food, as plants do. In order to continue growing, they then must find a source to get their nutrients. They can grow well in dark places and do not need light as a source of life. Many types of fungi are similar to plants in appearance, but there are also many that do not resemble plants at all. For example, the mushroom is a common fungus that many people think of. Mushrooms look a little bit like plants but they must grow in an area where they can take in food from another source. The source of food can come from almost anywhere. Some fungus, such as mold, grows on surfaces, or is found in food. Another type of fungus, yeast, grows in food by consuming sugar or other nutrients. There have been over 200,000 types of fungi that have been identified and classified, and there are many more that are yet to be discovered. Fungus is found everywhere and serves many interesting purposes. Truffles are considered a delicacy and are dug from the ground in parts of Europe, bringing a very high price for those who want to eat them. Some fungi work naturally in the environment to decompose organic matter, providing people with composting sites and reducing leaves and waste. There are even types of fungi used in ancient Eastern medicines that treat various ailments; their healing properties are so effective they are considered magical. The study of fungi is very diverse and serves to help people in hundreds of different ways. Many people think negatively about fungus. Fungal infections can cause disease in the skin, mouth, or even the bloodstream and the heart. People can get very sick and require medication to eliminate these infections. Fungus can take over parts of our homes, including mold in the walls, requiring cleanup. When food is leftover and not cared for, fungus grows on it in the form of mold and spoils the food. Mold dust also causes allergic reactions in people, making them miserable with symptoms of watery eyes and cough when they are near. Many types of fungus are poisonous when consumed, and people have been known to become very sick by eating a mushroom and assuming it was harmless. Fungi also have many good purposes, too. If it were not for certain types of fungi, many thousands of people would not be alive today. Penicillin was an early type of antibiotic use to treat bacterial infections. Penicillin is named for the mold that it was originally made from. This fungus, Penicillium notatum, was found to impede the growth of bacteria. It later was developed into an antibiotic that saved many lives. Fungi are the bases for other types of medication, such as steroids, which treat different types of illness. Yeast causes bread to rise and allows wine to ferment. Yogurt has fungal culture and is considered a healthy food that also can regulate the digestive system. Fungi are so diverse that they cannot be described in exactly one way. The study of mycology has helped thousands of people and changed many lives because of the fascinating growth of fungus. While nature continues to serve its purposes, growing and changing, there is even more to be discovered about what these are and what they can do. General Fungi Resources


Who was the most famous son of Philip of Macedon?

Philip of Macedon Philip II of Macedonia Biography Silver Bust of Philip II in Louvre, Paris (De       Agostini Picture Library / G. Dagli Orti)                                                                                Philip        was now determined to free north-western Macedonia from the Illyrians.        In 358 BC he met them in battle with his reorganized Macedonian        phalanx, and utterly defeated them. The Illyrians fled in panic,        leaving 7,000 dead (3/4 of their whole force) on the battleground. North-western Macedonia was free, and all of the Upper Macedonia        cantons, including Lyncestia, the birthplace of Philipï¿½s mother,        were now firmly under Macedonian control, loyal to their liberator.  The Macedonian army grew in size overnight and invaded Illyria       itself,        conquering all Illyrian tribes deep into the country, stopping       short near the Adriatic coast.   Reorganization        of the Macedonian Army Philip        provided his Macedonian solders in the phalanx with sarissa,        a spear which was long 6 meters, about 18 feet. The sarissa,        when held upright by the rear rows of the phalanx (there were usually        eight rows), helped hide maneuvers behind the phalanx from the view        of the enemy. When held horizontal by the front rows of the phalanx,        it was a brutal weapon for people could be run through from 20 feet        away. The       Macedonian phalanx by A. Karashchuk Philip        made the military a way of life for the Macedonian men. It became        a professional occupation that paid well enough that the soldiers        could afford to do it year-round, unlike in the past when the soldiering        had only been a part-time job, something the men would do during        the off peak times of farming. This allowed him to count on his        man regularly, building unity and cohesion among his men.   Philip's Marriages Apart        from military, Philip had several political inventions that helped        turn Macedonia into a power. His primary method of creating alliances        and strengthening loyalties was through marriages, and it is said        that he was more prouder of his diplomatic maneuvers then of his        military victories. First he married the Illyrian princess Audata,        thus sealing an alliance with the Illyrians, then he married Phila,        the princess of the Macedonian canton of Elimea, with which he       strengthened the internal Macedonian unity.        Gold Medallion of Philip II of Macedon Bibliothï¿½que nationale de France, Paris                                                                                In 357 BC he married        princess Olympias from the neighboring country of Epirus. A year        later Olympias gave him a son which he named Alexander .  Philip        also allowed the sons of the Macedonian nobles to receive education        at the court in Pella. Here these young men would develop a fierce        loyalty for the king, while the king kept their parents from interfering        with his authority.   Conquest of Amphipolis and Defeat of the Thracians After the defeat of the Illyrians, Macedoniaï¿½s policy became increasingly        aggressive. Paeonia was already forcefully integrated into Macedonia under Philip's rule. In 357 BC Philip broke the treaty with Athens        and attacked Amphipolis which he surrendered to the Greeks when        he came to power. The city fell back in the hands of Macedonia after        an intense siege. Then he secured possession over the gold mines        of nearby Mount Pangaeus, which will enable him to finance his futur


Who in 1985, replaced Roy Plumley as presenter of Desert Island Discs?

BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs - Presenters Desert Island Discs Presenters Roy Plomley Roy Plomley, the programme's creator, presented the programme for 43 years. Starting out as a stage and film actor, he began working in radio in 1936 as an announcer on Radio Normandy. Following a stint with International Radio, broadcasting from Paris and London, he began to freelance for the BBC in 1940. Although he also wrote plays, and presented other programmes such as One Minute, Please, he will be forever associated with Desert Island Discs. He wrote several books about the programme: Desert Island Discs (1975), Desert Island Picks (1982) and Desert Island Lists (1984, with his producer then, Derek Drescher). Michael Parkinson Michael Parkinson was asked to take the chair following Roy Plomley's death in May 1985. His first castaway, on 5th January 1986, was the film director Alan Parker. Parkinson, widely celebrated for his successful TV chat-show, had already himself appeared as a castaway on 19th Feb 1972. Between 1986 and 1988, he presented nearly 100 programmes but by the end of 1987 he'd decided to move on. On 13th March 1988 he interviewed his final castaway - athlete Brendan Foster Sue Lawley Sue Lawley was well-known as a TV reporter, newsreader and presenter & had appeared as a castaway on 8th November 1987, interviewed by Michael Parkinson. Her first guest was Lord Hailsham (Quintin Hogg), who was castaway on 27th March 1988. Describing the role as “one of the best jobs in broadcasting”, Sue went on to interview a further 771 people from all aspects of public life including politics, entertainment, science and sport. On 27th August 2006, her final castaway was the actress Dame Joan Plowright, Sir Laurence Olivier’s widow. Kirsty Young Journalist and broadcaster Kirsty Young opened her tenure as presenter by interviewing the illustrator Quentin Blake on 1st October 2006. Among her guests have been musicians Morrissey, Sir Tom Jones, Alice Cooper, and Barry Manilow, politicians Nick Clegg, Alex Salmond and Alan Johnson, actors Sir Michael Caine, Kathy Burke and June Spencer. In addition to Desert Island Discs, since 2008 she has been the presenter of Crimewatch on BBC One and has also presented the documentary series The British Family and The British at Work. Other Desert Island Discs presenters Two other people have presented editions of Desert Island Discs - Leslie Perowne, Head of Popular Record Programmes at the BBC, who interviewed Roy Plomley the first time he appeared as a castaway in May 1942. On the second occasion Plomley was castaway, in May 1958, he was interviewed by Eamonn Andrews. Strictly speaking, therefore, six people have presented Desert Island Discs over its sixty years, although only Roy Plomley, Michael Parkinson, Sue Lawley and Kirsty Young can genuinely be called 'Desert Island Discs presenters' in the accepted sense.


In 1834 which British prime minister presented the Tamworth Manifesto. forming the basis of the modem Conservative Party?

Conservatism : definition of Conservatism and synonyms of Conservatism (English) Politics portal       Conservatism ( Latin : conservare, "to retain") is a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional institutions and supports, at most, minimal and gradual change in society. A person who follows the philosophies of conservatism is referred to as a traditionalist or conservative.[ citation needed ] Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism and seek a return to "the way things were". [1] [2] The first established use of the term in a political context was by François-René de Chateaubriand in 1819, following the French Revolution . [3] The term, historically associated with right-wing politics , has since been used to describe a wide range of views. Edmund Burke , an Anglo-Irish politician who served in the British House of Commons and opposed the French Revolution , is credited as one of the founders of conservativism in Great Britain . [4] According to Hailsham , a former chairman of the British Conservative Party , "Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as an attitude, a constant force, performing a timeless function in the development of a free society, and corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement of human nature itself." [5] Contents 8 External links   Development of Western conservatism Whig history is liberal historiography, written to show the inevitable progress of mankind. Its opposite is conservative historiography or "Toryism." English historian A.J.P. Taylor explains, "Toryism rests on doubt in human nature; it distrusts improvement, clings to traditional institutions, prefers the past to the future. It is a sentiment rather than a principle." [6]   English conservatism English conservatism, which was called Toryism , emerged during the Restoration (1660–1688). It supported a hierarchical society with a monarch who ruled by divine right . However the Glorious Revolution (1688), which established constitutional government, led to a reformulation of Toryism which now considered sovereignty vested in the three estates of Crown, Lords, and Commons. [7] Conservatives typically see Richard Hooker as the founding father of conservatism, the Marquess of Halifax as important for his pragmatism, David Hume articulated conservative mistrust of rationalism in politics, and Edmund Burke was the leading early theorist. There is a debate in the historiography, because Hooker lived too early, Halifax did not belong to any party, Hume was not involved in politics, and Burke was a Whig . In the 19th century, Conservatives rejected Burke because of his defense of Catholic emancipation, and found inspiration in Bolingbroke instead. John Reeves , who wrote a Tory response to the French Revolution, is ignored. [8] Conservatives also objected to Burke's support of the American Revolution, which the Tory Samuel Johnson , for example, attacked in " Taxation No Tyranny ". Conservatism developed in Restoration England from royalism . Royalists supported absolute monarchy, arguing that the sovereign governed by divine right . They opposed the theory that sovereignty derived from the people, the authority of parliament and freedom of religion. Robert Filmer ’s Patriarcha: or the Natural Power of Kings, which had been written before the English Civil War , became accepted as the statement of their doctrine. Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the conservatives, known as Tories , accepted that the three estates of Crown, Lords, and Commons held sovereignty jointly. [9] However Toryism became marginalized during the long period of Whig ascendency. [10] The party, which was renamed the Conservative Party in the 1830s, returned as a major political force after becoming home to both paternalistic aristocrats and free market capitalists in an uneasy alliance. [11] Edmund Burke was the private secretary to the Marquis of Rockingham and official pamphleteer to the Rockingham branch of the Whig Party. [12] Together with the Tor


How is the harebell more commonly known in Scotland?

Native Scottish Plants to incorporate into your garden designHistoric Scottish Gardens Scottish Plants Flowers and plants native to, or particularly associated with, the history of Scotland. As with most countries, Scotland abounds with native plant and herb lore. For the modern gardener, looking with a fresh eye, many of the native species provide a rich source of inspiration for natural and historic planting schemes as well as modern design, or simply to blend with more conventional garden plants and preserve overlooked species. This is a ‘Cook’s Tour’ digest of the most notable in either appearance or properties, but for those who really want to dig in to the subject, there’s a short book list at the foot of the page. We also have a separate list of modern and non-native plant suggestions for historical garden themes under Gardening Today. Scotch Thistle, Onopordum acanthium (left) and Melancholy Thistle, Cirsium heterophyllum (right) The Scotch Thistle (Onopordum acanthium). Well, we had to start with this one! This tall and handsome thistle can grow up to five feet in height, and although regarded as a weed in the past, is now gaining favour with modern gardeners for its architectural value. Its natural habitat is poorer soils, waste ground and roadsides, but despite its name, is actually quite rare in Scotland! Far more appropriate is the  Melancholy Thistle (Cirsium heterophyllum), which although also quite rare, is specific to damp places in mountain areas.  Similar in appearance to the common Meadow Thistle found in England, this however has large leaves which are felted and white underneath. The flower heads have elegantly overlapping purple-edged sepals, with reddish-purple florets – a far better match in appearance to the ‘Scottish Thistle’ than the namesake! Male Bog Myrtle (Myrica gale) catkins (left), and unripe female flowers (right) Bog Myrtle (Myrica gale) A small, unassuming shrub, growing to no more than four feet, this is common throughout Britain in fens and boggy areas. It has a pleasant, slightly honeyed aromatic scent, and its significance to Scotland is that it is a wonderful repellent to the dreaded midge, growing as it does in areas favoured by midges as breeding grounds. Its properties have been known for centuries, but it is only recently that companies have started to use bog myrtle extract in commercial midge repellents. Hillside gorse (Ulex europaeus), and the flower in close up (right) Gorse (Ulex europaeus) Common Gorse, known as Whin or Furze in Scotland, is extremely widespread, particularly in sandy, coastal soils and thin, upland soils. It begins sporadic flowering in late Autumn, continuing through the Winter, and going into full flower in Spring. Its evergreen, thorny and tough nature makes it an excellent windbreak and hedging plant, with the bonus of a somewhat coconut-like scent when in full flower. As with the pea and bean family, Gorse fixes nitrogen in the soil, creating an environment in which other plants can establish and thrive, although it can be aggressive in ideal conditions and need burning off or cutting down to control spread. In Scotland, crofters and farmers traditionally used it as a Winter feed for cows, ponies and other livestock, grinding it to a palatable consistency with a whin-stone, either themselves or at the local mill. It can also be used as a fuel, burning well with little smoking even when quite green. Bell Heather, Erica cinerea and Ling Heather, Calluna vulgaris (right) Heather, Ling (Calluna vulgaris) and Heather, Bell (Erica cinerea) Ling is the best-known native Scottish heather, providing that famous purple bloom on the hills. Evergreen, and tough as old boots, this will, however, turn up its toes in chalk/lime soil, and won’t really thrive in neutral soil unless planted with a good dose of ericaceous (acid) compost. Being a plant adapted to harsh, damp conditions, a water-retentive soil works best, and a vigorous haircut in Spring to imitate the depredations of deer and so on, should have it coming back year after year. The passion for alpine


Which author created The Toff , The Baron and Gideon of Scotland Yard? ,

Gideon's Force Audiobook | John Creasey | Audible.com "View of a day for Scotland Yard Supt Gideon--1955" Publisher's Summary Built with such hope, the Wellesley Estate has descended into a place of meaningless violence that the police cannot control. Fear of rape, muggings, arson, and even murder has led some of its residents to form their own vigilante group. Elsewhere in London, Dino Orsini is working with the police to help solve the murder of his two brothers, who were slain in what appears to be gang-land killings. And across the city, a Czech clairvoyant has been employed in tracing the kidnapped wife of a leading biscuit manufacturer, Thomas Cargill. Commander George Gideon must use all his faculties to uphold justice in an increasingly lawless London and a characteristically thrilling story. William Vivienne Butler follows in the footsteps of John Creasey and weaves a story as masterfully as the man himself. Invited to take over writing the Gideon Series on Creasey’s death, Butler hoped to keep the memory of the Master crime fiction writer alive. John Creasey's near 600 titles have sold more than 80 million copies in over 25 languages under both his own name and multiple other pseudonyms. His style varied with each identity and led to him being regarded as a literary phenomena. Amongst the many series written were Gideon of Scotland Yard, The Toff, The Baron, Dr. Palfrey and Inspector West, as JJ Marric, Michael Halliday, Patrick Dawlish and others. Creasey wrote under many pseudonyms, explaining that booksellers had complained he totally dominated the 'C' section in stores. Never one to sit still, Creasey had a strong social conscience, and stood for Parliament several times, along with founding the One Party Alliance which promoted the idea of government by a coalition of the best minds from across the political spectrum. He founded the British Crime Writers' Association, which to this day celebrates outstanding crime writing. The Mystery Writers of America bestowed upon him the Edgar Award for best novel and then in 1969 the ultimate Grand Master Award. ©2013 John Creasey (P)2013 Audible Ltd More from the same


Which group had No. 1 albums with OK, Computer in 1997 and In Rainbows in 2007?

listen to Radiohead’s OK Computer & In Rainbows together (Combination Super Work?) listen to Radiohead’s OK Computer & In Rainbows together (Combination Super Work?) By BrooklynVegan Staff October 23, 2012 7:25 PM This is surely old “news” to many (by the way, Ultraista play LPR Wednesday ), but I never tried it until this new Buzzfeed article which says: Oh, that wacky Thom Yorke. When he isn’t staring joylessly into rainy window panes, there’s a chance the rascally Radiohead frontman is plotting out decade-spanning musical projects meant to blow your feeble human mind. As most diehard Radiohead fans (Radiohead-heads?) could tell you, there was a strong overarching theme of “tens” surrounding the band’s 2007 release, “In Rainbows” — it was announced ten days before release, there are ten letters in the title — capped off by the fact that it came out ten years after another of the group’s landmark albums, 1997’s “OK Computer,” another title with exactly ten letters. So what does any of this mean, exactly? When shuffled together with a ten-second crossfade between tracks, the albums go really, really well together. A bit too well, actually, like they’re two halves of one big, beautiful whole. For extra mind-boggle-ocity, the two titles, when combined, leave us with this clever anagram: “Combination Super Work” Far-reaching fan conspiracy theory or meticulously plotted masterwork? The world may never know. Try it for yourself, all 1:32:48 of it, below… — Radiohead – 01 and 10 playlist: 1. Airbag (OK Computer) 2. 15 Step (In Rainbows) 3. Paranoid Android (OK Computer) 4. Bodysnatchers (In Rainbows) 5. Subterranean Homesick Alien (OK Computer) 6. Nude (In Rainbows) 7. Exit Music (For A Film) (OK Computer) 8. Weird Fishes/Arpeggi (In Rainbows) 9. Let Down (OK Computer) 10. All I Need (In Rainbows) 11. Karma Police (OK Computer) 12. Fitter Happier (OK Computer) 13. Faust Arp (In Rainbows) 14. Electioneering (OK Computer) 16. Climbing Up The Walls (OK Computer) 17. House Of Cards (In Rainbows) 18. No Surprises (OK Computer) 19. Jigsaw Falling Into Place (In Rainbows) 20. Lucky (OK Computer) 22. The Tourist (OK Computer) —


Godthaab was the former name of which capital city?

Nuuk – The Capital of Greenland - shopping, museum visits, etc. Read more COLOURFUL NUUK Greenland’s capital Nuuk is a city of vitality, surrounded by immense nature and filled with vibrant Greenlanders leading fascinating lives of old traditions, modern twists, and diverse influences. Home to gourmet restaurants, fashion boutiques, and the Northern Lights inspired Katuaq Cultural Center, Nuuk is the center of modern Greenland. However, a stroll through the picturesque Old Harbor shows that history and traditions remain strong in this growing city.  “I really like Nuuk. We came to this big place and it is like a cultural Copenhagen with lots of offers. I was quite surprised!” Nuuk 10.jpg The cultural centre Katuaq in Nuuk is a strong national symbol and it mirrors the northern lights in the winter sky Camilla Hylleberg, All Rights Reserved Nuuk 03.jpg Greenland's capital Nuuk has several cafés and they are popular destinations for the city's younger generations David Trood, All Rights Reserved Nuuk 12.jpg Nuuk is known for its fine dining and a number of restaurants specialize in dishes made from fresh Greenlandic ingredients Camilla Hey, Visit Greenland, All Rights Reserved “I was surprised at how cosmopolitan Nuuk is! I was surprised at the availability of so many different kinds of things and the quality of everything. It was nice!” 0 Nuuk is full of experiences not found anywhere else in Greenland. Marvel at mummies in the Greenland National Museum . Try a tasting flight of local craft beers at Greenland’s largest microbrewery. Learn about urban arctic living and the move toward Greenlandic independence with a city and parliament tour. Evaluate new and old expressions of Inuit culture at the Nuuk Art Museum. Play collegiate at Greenland University and see students preparing as Greenland’s future leaders.     Nuuk 07.jpg Nuuk is the home of higher education in Greenland and the youth in the city take part in shaping the future of the nation Mads Pihl, Visit Greenland, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 A STYLISH ARCTIC METROPOLIS The dining and shopping scene in Nuuk is the most diverse in the country, a veritable melting pot of original Greenlandic character with fresh global influence. Stroll the pedestrian walkway in city center to window-shop at boutiques, souvenir shops , and Nuuk Center. Relax with a cup of strong coffee (and the obligatory piece of cake) in one of the city’s many bustling cafés. And make reservations at one of Nuuk’s fine dining restaurants where the only thing that rivals the intense flavors of Greenlandic delicacies is the chef’s artistic presentation. You can also rent a bike in the sports-shop Pikkori Sport that is located in the centre, and bike around the city. Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, was founded in 1728 by the missionary Hans Egede. Nuuk has approximately 16,800 residents. There are two hotels in Nuuk – Hotel Hans Egede with a new conference center with seating for 300 and Hotel Nordbo. There is also a Seamen’s Home and a number of small accommodations.   Nuuk 05.jpg The only suburb in Greenland is the picturesque Qinngorput in Nuuk Mads Pihl, Visit Greenland, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Nuuk 02.jpg Northern lights are commonly seen in the night sky from September till April even in the middle of Greenland's capital Nuuk Hans Christian Sivertsen, All Rights Reserved Nuuk 11.jpg Nuuk is the home of the national assembly, Inatsisartut, and it is the seat of government, Naalakkersuisut Camilla Hylleberg, All Rights Reserved Nuuk 08.jpg Several day hikes offer spectacular views of Greenland's capital Nuuk, like here from the top of Store Malene right behind the city Sofia Rossen, All Rights Reserved Nuuk 09.jpg Greenland's capital Nuuk is deeply connected to its landscape and nature dominates the rhythm of the city Mads Pihl, Visit Greenland, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DISCOVER NUUK FJORD Nuuk Fjord is sometimes overlooked in favor of its icier neighbors to the north, but this intricate water system is the second largest in the world, packed with inlets and islands open for exploration by boat or kayak . Local boat trip oper


Which European motor manufacturer's logo is a winged arrow?

33 Cars Logos Meaning & History | CarLogos.org 33 Cars Logos Meaning & History 1. Audi Audi Logo Meaning - Audi cars of the four rings logo, representing the four pre-merger company. These companies have a manufacturer of bicycles, motorcycles and small passenger cars. The company was originally a merger of four companies, so each ring is a symbol of one of the company. 2. Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz Logo Meaning - apply for Daimler company registered in June 1909 pointed star as a car flag, symbol of landing on water and air mechanization. Coupled with a circle around it in 1916, set with four small stars in the top of the circle, the following Mercedes "Mercedes" word. "Mercedes" is the meaning of happiness, meaning Daimler production of car owners who will bring happiness. 3. Volkswagen Volkswagen Logo Meaning - Volkswagen automobile company in German the Volks Wagenwerk, intended for public use vehicles, marking the VW for the full name the first letter. Signs such as by three with the middle finger and index finger to make the "V", said the public company and its products win - win - win. 4. Toyota Toyota Logo Meaning - Toyota's three oval logo is from early 1990. Large oval logo on behalf of the Earth, in the middle by a vertical combination of two ellipses into a T-word, on behalf of Toyota. It is a symbol of Toyota is based on the future, confidence in the future and ambition, but also a symbol of Toyota is based on the customer, the customer guarantees, a symbol of the user's heart and the heart of the automotive manufacturers are linked to a sense of mutual trust, Yu said Toyota's superior technology and innovative potential. 5. Ford Ford Logo Meaning - Ford logo Ford English Ford "blue white. As founder Henry Ford, like small animals, so the logo designers Ford English painting into a pattern of small white rabbit look like. 6. BMW BMW Logo Meaning - BMW logo middle, on behalf of blue sky, white clouds and stop rotating propellers, Yu said a long history of BMW origins, a symbol of the company's leading position in the aero-engine technology, but also a symbol of the company has always The aims and objectives: in the vast space, with advanced technical skills, the latest concept to meet customer wishes, reflecting the vigorous momentum and the new face of the ever-changing. 7. Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce Logo Meaning - Rolls-Royce Rawls · Luolao, Lewis Automotive logo two "R" overlap, a symbol of you have me, I have you, reflect both harmony and harmonious relationship. lawers Laois logo In addition to the double R, the famous trapeze signs. This flag is an idea taken from the corridors of the Louvre in Paris art statue of the goddess of victory in two thousand years of history, she was dignified and noble figure of the artists to produce a source of passion. When automotive art guru Charles Sykes was invited to the Rolls-Lo Lewis Motor Company design marks, goddess like etched in his mind immediately makes him produce inspiration. So an arms stretched to the Goddess of the body with a veil floating in the air. 8. Ferrari Ferrari Logo Meaning - Ferrari logo is a leaping horse. In the First World War, Italy has a performance very good pilot; his aircraft had this one will bring him good luck in the Yamaha. In the first Ferrari racing after winning the pilot's parents - a pair of Earl couple suggestions: Ferrari should also be in the car printed on this horse, bring good luck in the Yamaha. The pilot was killed, the horse became a black color; logo background color of Modena canary. 9. Peugeot Peugeot Logo Meaning - Peugeot Automobile Company, the predecessor of the Peugeot family, brothers Pierre in the early 19th century opened a production of the see-saw, spring and other iron tools, small workshops. These iron products, the trademark is a mighty lion, it is a sign of the company is located Frendo repair Kundi province, invincible metaphorical. Reflects the three major advantages: Peugeot see-saw hardened wear-resistant serrated teeth like a lion, saw themselves as the backbone of the Lions flexible, see-saw perf


What, by number of verses is the longest book in the Old Testament?

The Shortest and Longest Books of the Bible The Shortest and Longest Books of the Bible 10 Shortest Books in the Bible l. 3 John --- 1 chapter, 14 verses, 299 words 2. 2 John --- 1 chapter, 13 verses, 303 words 3. Philemon --- 1 chapter, 25 verses, 445 words 4. Jude --- 1 chapter, 25 verses, 613 words 5. Obadiah --- 1 chapter, 21 verses, 670 words 6. Titus --- 3 chapters, 46 verses, 921 words 7. 2nd Thess. ---3 chapters, 47 verses, 1042 words 8. Haggai --- 2 chapters, 38 verses, 1131 words 9. Nahum --- 3 chapters, 47 verses, 1285 words 10. Jonah --- 4 chapters, 48 verses, 1321 words * * * * 10 Longest Books in the Bible 1. Psalms -- 150 chapters, 2461 verses, 43,743 words 2. Jeremiah -- 52 chapters, 1364 verses, 42,659 words 3. Exekiel -- 48 chapters, 1273 verses, 39,407 words 4. Genesis -- 50 chapters, 1533 verses, 38,267 words 5. Isaiah -- 66 chapters, 1292 verses, 37,044 words 6. Numbers -- 36 chapters, 1288 verses, 32,902 words 7. Exodus -- 40 chapters, 1213 verses, 32,602 words 8. Deut. --34 chapters, 959 verses, 28,461 words 9. 2nd Chron. -- 36 chapters, 822 verses, 26,074 words 10. Luke -- 24 chapters, 1151 verses, 25,944 words * * * * 10 Old Testament Books Most referred to in the New     Testament l. Isaiah, referred to 419 times in 23 N. T. 2. Psalms, 414 times in 23 books 3. Genesis, 260 times in 21 books 4. Exodus, 250 times in 19 books 5. Deuteronomy, 208 times in 21 books 6. Ezekiel, 141 times in 15 books 7. Daniel, 133 times in 17 books 8. Jeremiah, 125 times in 17 books 9. Leviticus, 107 times in 15 books 10. Numbers, 73 times in 4 books


Epsom Derby 2013: Ruler Of The World storms to victory as Dawn Approach fails to fire - Telegraph Horse Racing Epsom Derby 2013: Ruler Of The World storms to victory as Dawn Approach fails to fire Calling a horse Ruler Of The World might be viewed as asking for trouble but  the colt lived up to his name when he galloped home to take a tactical 234th  Investec Derby at Epsom on Saturday. Unbeaten: Ruler Of The World had only run twice before - and won both races Photo: GETTY IMAGES By Marcus Armytage , and agencies, Epsom 4:17PM BST 01 Jun 2013 The 7-1 shot, widely regarded as Aidan O’Brien’s second string and only having the third start of his career, beat the fast-finishing Yorkshire-trained Libertarian by a length-and-a-half. It is rare for the winner never to have run as a two-year-old - the last horse to do so was Commander In Chief 20 years ago - but neither of the first two in Saturday’s race had seen a racecourse as a juvenile. The result gave O’Brien his fourth victory in the Classic and jockey Ryan Moore his second, and both men look good for a few more in the future. For the current Coolmore triumvirate of owners, John Magnier, Derrick Smith and Michael Tabor, it was also a third consecutive Derby after Pour Moi and Camelot, and record fifth in total. Although the winner, a chestnut son of Galileo, was well backed on the day, it was a great result for bookmakers, who had been virtually running a one-horse book on the race since Dawn Approach won the 2,000 Guineas. There were question marks about the colt’s stamina, but Jim Bolger’s 5-4 favourite was ultimately undone by the stop-start pedestrian early pace - described as “stupid” by another jockey, Jamie Spencer - and effectively carted his jockey Kevin Manning to the front on the descent to Tattenham Corner. Connections must now be ruing not using a pacemaker for him. As a direct consequence of having expended far too much energy too early, Dawn Approach was one of the first horses beaten as they turned for home and he trailed in last. Related Articles Chopin supplemented for Derby 27 May 2013 If you are going to get beaten for the first time, you might as well do it properly. A line can now be put through this effort, although you can be sure he will never tackle the trip again. “This was not a good outcome,” said Bolger, summing up his race. “I was just a passenger,” explained Manning, who is one of the weighing room’s strongest. “He got too competitive after 100 yards. He ran too free and I knew it was impossible for a horse to pull that hard and win the Derby.” In contrast Moore, who was going on to ride at Lingfield last night, was all smiles. The jockey has proven himself time and time again as a safe pair of hands on the big occasion and again he made no mistake. “It’s the most important race of the year and I was lucky enough to be riding the best horse in it,” he said modestly. “He did an exceptional job for me. We did go very slow and the field was very tight. I was getting caught wide without cover early on, so I had to drop him in a bit further back than I wanted, but I got a nice clear run. He got to the front quickly and then it was a matter of toughing it out.” O’Brien, who ran five in the race, also saddled the fourth home, Battle of Marengo, ridden by his son, Joseph. “We are lucky to be in the position we are in, to get such good horses. They are incredibly well-bred horses and, even before they are mated, the dream is for this to happen. We thought coming into the race he was a solid horse but he’s still a baby. “The whole thoroughbred breed hinges on the Derby, it’s what racing’s about for everyone working in stables and on studs. I’m sure the lads will have a celebration tonight, but it’s back to work in the morning.” There was almost as big a crowd gathered round the runner-up Libertarian after the race. The colt passed four horses in the last 100 yards to secure second for Elaine and Karl Burke. “The pace didn’t help and there was a 100 yards round Tattenham Corner where he lost his way a bit and that probably cost him the race, but


Who, in 1871, painted the picture Nocturne; Blue and Silver - Chelsea now in the Tate?

'Nocturne: Blue and Silver - Chelsea', James Abbott McNeill Whistler, 1871 | Tate James Abbott McNeill Whistler Nocturne: Blue and Silver - Chelsea 1871 Support: 502 x 608 mm frame: 685 x 825 x 45 mm Collection Bequeathed by Miss Rachel and Miss Jean Alexander 1972 Reference Catalogue entry Summary Painted in August 1871, this is the first of Whistler's Nocturnes. In these works Whistler aimed to convey a sense of the beauty and tranquility of the Thames by night. It was Frederick Leyland who first used the name 'nocturne' to describe Whistler's moonlit scenes. It aptly suggests the notion of a night scene, but with musical associations. The expression was quickly adopted by Whistler, who later explained, By using the word 'nocturne' I wished to indicate an artistic interest alone, divesting the picture of any outside anecdotal interest which might have been otherwise attached to it. A nocturne is an arrangement of line, form and colour first' (quoted in Dorment and MacDonald, p.122). Returning from a trip by steamer to Westminster, Whistler was inspired, one evening in August 1871, by a view of the river 'in a glow of rare transparency an hour before sunset' (Anna Whistler, the artist's mother, in a letter to Julia and Kate Palmer, 3 Nov. 1871, quoted in Dorment and MacDonald, p.122). He immediately rushed to his studio and painted a sunset (Variations in Violet and Green, private collection) and this moonlit scene at one sitting. The picture is painted on panel , primed with dark grey paint, over which Whistler applied thin layers of pigment in order to create a contrasting sense of luminosity. The view is from Battersea looking across to Chelsea, and it is possible to make out features on the horizon, such as the tower of Chelsea Old Church on the right. In the foreground, a low barge and the figure of a fisherman are indicated with the minimum of detail, and the influence of Japanese art is evident in the restricted palette, the economy of line and the characteristic butterfly signature. This picture was exhibited, along with its pair, at the Dudley Gallery in November 1871. The critic for the Times revealed a rare appreciation of Whistler's Nocturnes, describing them as follows: They are illustrations of the theory  that painting is so closely akin to music that the colours of the one may and should be used, like the ordered sounds of the other; that painting should not aim at expressing dramatic emotions, depicting incidents of history or recording facts of nature, but should be content with moulding our moods and stirring our imaginations, by subtle combinations of colour, through which all that painting has to say to us can be said, and beyond which painting has no valuable or true speech whatever' (The Times, 14 November 1871). Further reading: Richard Dorment and Margaret F. MacDonald, James McNeill Whistler, exhibition catalogue, Tate Gallery, London 1994, pp.122-3, no.46, reproduced in colour p.123. Andrew Wilton and Robert Upstone (eds), The Age of Rossetti, Burne-Jones & Watts: Symbolism in Britain 1860-1910, exhibition catalogue, Tate Gallery, London 1997, pp.206-7 no.79, reproduced in colour p.207. Andrew McLaren Young, Margaret F. MacDonald, Robin Spencer with the assistance of Hamish Miles, The Paintings of James MacNeill Whistler, New Haven and London, 1980, no. 103, reproduced in colour plate 106. Frances Fowle Read more Display caption Whistler painted this view from Battersea Bridge looking across the Thames towards Chelsea. The tower of Chelsea Old Church is just visible on the right, and a fisherman stands in the foreground looking out to a low barge. It was the first of Whistler’s series of nocturnes: paintings intended to convey a sense of the beauty and tranquillity of the River Thames in the evening or by night. The influence of Japanese woodblock prints is evident from the relatively small range of colours and the butterfly device at the lower centre, which Whistler used as his signature. Gallery label, November 2016


Who was the BBC's Sports Personality of the Year for 2012?

Sports Personality of the Year 2012: Former nominees on panel - BBC Sport BBC Sport Sports Personality of the Year 2012: Former nominees on panel 19 Oct 2012 From the section Sports Personality Share this page Read more about sharing. Three former BBC Sports Personality of the Year nominees are included on the expert panel that will determine the shortlist of 12 for this year's award. Sir Steve Redgrave, Baroness Grey-Thompson and Denise Lewis will be joined by Baroness Campbell, chair of UK Sport, and representatives from the BBC and the newspaper industry. They will aim to produce a shortlist based on reaching a consensus view. The winner will be announced at ExCeL in London on Sunday 16 December. Presented by Sue Barker, Gary Lineker and Clare Balding, Sports Personality of the Year will be broadcast live on BBC One, BBC One HD and BBC Radio 5 live. Sports Personality of the Year 2012 shortlist expert panel Director of BBC Sport - Barbara Slater (Chair) BBC head of TV Sport - Philip Bernie Executive editor of BBC Sports Personality of the Year - Carl Doran From BBC Radio 5 live - Eleanor Oldroyd (presenter, 5 live Sport) Three newspaper sports editors (to be rotated annually) - in 2012, Mike Dunn (sports editor, the Sun), Lee Clayton (head of sport, Daily Mail), Matthew Hancock (sports editor, the Observer) A pan sports broadcaster/journalist - Sue Mott Three former SPOTY nominees (to be appointed annually) - in 2012, Sir Steve Redgrave, Baroness Grey-Thompson and Denise Lewis Baroness Campbell, chair of UK Sport A capacity crowd of more than 15,000 will make it the biggest Sports Personality of the Year in the show's 59-year history, with tickets going on public sale at the end of the month. Full ticket details will be on the BBC Sport website closer to the date. The event will bring down the curtain on what has been an historic 12 months of sport, highlights of which undoubtedly include the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. But 2012 was also the year that saw Wales secure their 11th Grand Slam in the Six Nations, Andy Murray's historic US Open triumph, Manchester City's remarkable comeback to win the Premier League title, Chelsea's Champions League victory, Bradley Wiggins' Tour de France triumph, Rory McIlroy's record-breaking win at the US PGA Championship which cemented his status as the world number one golfer, and Europe's sensational eleventh-hour victory over the United States in the Ryder Cup. Barbara Slater, director of BBC Sport, said: "This year's Sports Personality of the Year will be a celebration of what has been a truly unique year for sport in the UK. We are incredibly proud to be hosting the sporting grand finale for such a remarkable year." With an increased shortlist from 10 to 12 - in recognition of the unprecedented success of UK athletes in 2012 - this year's battle for the coveted title will be one of the most hotly contested in the show's history. If the expert panel cannot reach a consensus view as to who should be included on the shortlist, they will be asked to vote on the remaining candidates. In the event of a tied vote, the chair's decision will be binding. The public will once again vote for the winner during the live show, with the result announced at the end. The panel will also choose the first, second and third places for the Team of the Year, Overseas Personality of the Year and Coach of the Year awards. Other awards on the night will again be Young Sports Personality of the Year and Unsung Hero, which will continue to be decided by the existing specialist panel system, and the Lifetime Achievement and Helen Rollason awards which will be decided by the board of BBC Sport.


The Capital City of Honduras - Tegucigalpa Tegucigalpa Valle de Angeles   Tegucigalpa is the capital of Honduras, founded in 1536, with a gold and silver mining center which winds around a valley and over the mountains. Tegucigalpa has a busy commercial area located along the Boulevard Morazán. This is where restaurants, shopping, and such provide a distraction for tourists and busy working individuals during their lunch breaks. Hotels here are only steps away to the hottest nightclub spots for those wishing to party it up after a long day. The capital of Honduras is ever changing, growing, and modernizing with the times. As you can see, there are many reasons to include Tegucigalpa in your Honduras travel plans. Capital City of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, in the Francisco Morazan Department Visit the Capital City  –  Points of Interest  – Toncontin Airport – Book a Flight  – Weather –  Travel Tips How Tegucigalpa got its name: Most sources indicate that the origin and meaning of the word Tegucigalpa is derived from the  Nahuatl language . The most widely accepted version suggests that it comes from the Nahuatl word Taguz-galpa, which translates to cerros de plata in Spanish (hills of silver in English), but this interpretation is uncertain since the natives who occupied the region at time were unaware of the existence of mineral deposits in the area. Another source suggests that Tegucigalpa derives from another language in which it means painted rocks, as explained by Leticia Oyuela in her book “Minimum History of Tegucigalpa”. Other theories indicate it may derive from the term Togogalpa which refers to tototi (a small green parrot, in Nahuatl) and Toncontín ( the name given to the Tegucigalpa Airport ), a small town near Tegucigalpa (toncotín was a Mexican dance of Nahuatl origin). In Mexico, it is believed the word Tegucigalpa is from the Nahuatl word Tecuztlicallipan, meaning “place of residence of the noble” or Tecuhtzincalpan, meaning “place on the home of the beloved master”. Tegucigalpa, Honduras Honduran philologist Alberto de Jesús Membreño, in his book “Indigenous Toponymies of Central America”, states that Tegucigalpa is a Nahuatl word meaning “in the homes of the sharp stones” and rules out the traditional meaning “hills of silver” arguing that Taguzgalpa was the name of the ancient eastern zone of Honduras. Visit the Capital City One of the benefits of visiting Tegucigalpa, is the opportunity to experience its cultural offerings. There are several museums to see, such as the Museo Nacional Villaroy, in the Buenos Aires district of Tegucigalpa. This museum has archaeological, colonial, and historic findings. The historic Museum of Honduras, which is actually located in the former presidential palace of Honduras, depicts the lives of Honduras’s presidents. Museo del Hombre (Museum of Man), on Avenida Cervantes, is located in another former government building, one that housed the Supreme Court of Justice. This downtown museum displays artifacts of the evolution of man. The Galería Nacional de Arte (National Art Gallery) is located one block south of central park, in the Plaza de Merced, next to the Congressional Building. Military buffs will enjoy the Museo Historico Militar, in Tegucigalpa’s Valle Park, and finally, inside the Banco Atlantida on Miraflores Boulevard, is the “Sala Bancatlan”, which displays a private collection of artifacts, coins, and contemporary paintings by Honduran artists. Points of Interest The number 4 most hated airport in the world; Toncontín International Airport, Tegucigalpa, Honduras Over-priced airplane food will be the least of your worries! American Airlines landing at Toncontin airport in Tegucigalpa Honduras When do the most common airport gripes about inefficiency, uncomfortable gate chairs, dirty floors and lousy dining options suddenly become irrelevant? When you’re preoccupied about whether your 757 will actually be able to stop before the runway does. Nestled in a bowl-shaped valley at 957 meters above sea level, the Toncontín airport ‘s notoriously stubby, mountain-cloaked


On TV, who provides the voice for Bob the Builder?

Bob the Builder given 'hipster' makeover with new voice, younger image and upmarket apartment - Mirror Online TV Bob the Builder given 'hipster' makeover with new voice, younger image and upmarket apartment The children's TV character is slimmer, taller, younger, and will even comply with health and safety laws with his first high-visibility vest  Share Makeover: Bob the Builder looks and sounds very different nowadays  Share Get celebs updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email Iconic children’s character Bob the Builder has been given a dramatic modern makeover to bring him into the hi-tech age. In the hit show’s biggest ever shake up, film makers have fixed him up for the digital age with a slick new city pad and state of the art computer to draw up plans. The new series, to be screened on Channel 5's Milkshake, will see Bob leave his familiar farm in Fixham for upmarket steel and glass metropolis Spring City. And in the first revamp for 15 years, Bob looks taller and younger and meets health and safety standards in his first ever high visibility vest. Axed: Neil Morrissey (Photo: Eyevine) Even his hard hat has been updated with his initial on the front. Diehard fans will be stunned to see the once cuddly figure with old fashioned screwdrivers and monkey wrench in his familiar tool belt now carrying a swish new set of gear with a matching drill, hammer and watch. And for the first time since he hit screens, even his voice is set to change as the much loved builder with the catchphrase “Can we fix it? Yes we can!” will be played by Our Zoo and Harry Potter star Lee Ingleby. New Bob: Lee Ingleby in Our Zoo (Photo: BBC) His sidekick Wendy is also being updated with Downton Abbey actress Joanne Froggatt - who plays Lady Mary’s maid Anna Bates in the ITV period drama - the new voice for Bob’s trusted business partner. Lee, 38, who replaces axed Neil Morrissey said: “I was very excited to be given the opportunity to be the voice of such a well-loved character. "My little nephew is such a huge fan of Bob that I had to jump at the chance. "Capturing a child’s imagination is so important, and I just wish I was half as good at DIY as Bob is.” New Wendy: Downton star Joanne Froggatt (Photo: WireImage) The actor, who played Stan Shunpike in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and Detective Sergeant John Bacchus in the BBC drama Inspector George Gently, is joined by Inbetweeners favourite Blake Harrison who plays Scoop. Joanne, 34, revealed she snapped up the role because no-nonsense Wendy is a strong female character. She said: “Wendy is a strong and positive female role model and I think it is important that children’s television shows positive social values. "Bob the Builder is a show that provides entertainment, education and excitement for kids. "It is a great show to be involved in and incredibly fun to record.” New Scoop: Inbetweener Blake Harrison HIT Entertainment which makes the long running animated show for the BBC said Bob was still the same “warm and friendly” character but admitted it would take time for fans to adjust to his top-to-toe image change. Christopher Kennan, vice president and executive producer at HIT Entertainment said: “While the new series retains the emotional warmth that has always given Bob the Builder a firm place in the hearts of young viewers, it’s now packed with more humour than ever before.” Bob and his new look crew will be on screens early next year. poll loading


'Frailty thy name is woman' is a quotation from which of Shakespeare's plays?

Frailty, thy name is woman - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes Frailty, thy name is woman Hamlet: Must I remember? Why, she would hang on him As if increase of appetite had grown By what it fed on, and yet, within a month— Let me not think on't—Frailty, thy name is woman!— Read on Owl Eyes This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. Hamlet, in his first soliloquy, recalls tender scenes between his mother, Queen Gertrude, and her deceased husband. What irks Hamlet is that, after his mother had seemed so sexually dependent on the old king, she could turn around within a month of his death and marry her brother-in-law Claudius, who, Hamlet claims, is "no more like my father/ Than I to Hercules" (lines 152–153) and compares to his father as "Hyperion to a satyr" (line 140)—as the sun-god to a deformed goat-man. To Hamlet, his mother is the archetypal woman. Her incestuous inconstancy moves him to exclaim, "Frailty, thy name is woman!" It's not so much that Hamlet is a misogynist as that his mother's sexuality has poisoned his own, as we shall see in his relations to Ophelia [see GET THEE TO A NUNNERY ].


Established in 1386 which is the oldest university in Germany?

History - Heidelberg University Home  > University  >   History  > History of Heidelberg University Heidelberg University – also known as Ruperto Carola – was established in 1386 and is Germany’s oldest university. It is also one of the strongest research universities in all of Europe. In 1386, Ruprecht I, Elector Palatine, received the Pope’s permission to establish the university in his residential city of Heidelberg. The Dutch scholar Marsilius of Inghen became the new university’s first rector. A Short Survey In the centuries since its founding, Heidelberg University has experienced many ups and downs in connection with its scientific reputation, its intellectual charisma, and its attractiveness to professors and students. In the 16th century Heidelberg evolved into a centre of humanism. Martin Luther’s public defense of his Ninety-Five Theses in April 1518 had a lasting effect. In the years following, the university gained a special reputation as Calvinist stronghold. The Heidelberg Catechism was written in 1563 and to this day remains a fundamental confessional for the reformed church. After a difficult span of years marked by revolutions and financial mismanagement, Baden’s first grand duke Karl Friedrich reorganised the university. The university added his name to that of its founder, thereafter calling itself Ruprecht-Karls-Universität. The Great Hall, Heidelberg University’s historic auditorium During the 19th century, Heidelberg was widely celebrated for its high level of research, its liberality and commitment to democratic ideals and its openness to new ideas. This combination attracted a large number of foreign students. This second flowering was marked by extraordinary research efforts across all faculties and was punctuated by such names as Robert Bunsen, Hermann Helmholtz, Gustav Kirchhoff and Max Weber. As with its first flowering, Heidelberg saw its second great prospering end with the outbreak of war in 1914. The two world wars in the first half of the 20th century and the horrendous circumstances associated with them plunged Heidelberg University into a nadir from which it only slowly recovered. In the mid-1960s, Heidelberg, like so many other universities, degenerated into an overcrowded degree factory. Between 1950 and 1960, Heidelberg’s student population doubled; it tripled again between 1961 and 2010, leading to extreme overcrowding and overloading. Despite this, and despite concurrent financial problems, Heidelberg recovered its footing and its extraordinary reputation. It has even improved on that reputation, once again becoming extremely attractive to international academics and students alike. Heidelberg University was also successful on both rounds of Germany’s Excellence Initiative – in 2006/07 and in 2012 – and this, combined with its high position in internationally regarded university rankings is a further indication of the university’s leading role and excellent reputation in international academia.


Hallux - definition of hallux by The Free Dictionary Hallux - definition of hallux by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hallux Related to hallux: hallux limitus hal·lux  (hăl′əks) n. pl. hal·lu·ces (hăl′yə-sēz′, hăl′ə-) 1. The innermost or first digit on the hind foot of certain mammals. The human hallux is commonly called the big toe. 2. A homologous digit of a bird, reptile, or amphibian. In birds, it is often directed backward. [Medieval Latin hallux, blend of Latin allus, hallus, thumb, and Latin hallex, big toe.] hallux (ˈhæləks) n (Anatomy) the first digit on the hind foot of a mammal, bird, reptile, or amphibian; the big toe of man [C19: New Latin, from Late Latin allex big toe] hal•lux (ˈhæl əks) n., pl. hal•lu•ces (ˈhæl yəˌsiz) the first or innermost digit of the foot of humans and of the hind foot of other vertebrates; big toe. [1825–35; < Late Latin (h)allux, for Latin hallus, by association with pollex thumb] hal′lu•cal (-yə kəl) adj. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:


Gangnam, made famous in the song 'Gangnam Style' by Psy, is a wealthy suburb of which city?

5 Songs About Seoul Neighborhoods : News : KpopStarz 5 Songs About Seoul Neighborhoods By Tamar Herman | November 15, 2014 10:24 AM EST How well do you know Seoul? Since K-Pop is created largely in Seoul, many songs have paid tribute to the city. Here are our top five songs about different neighborhoods in South Korea's capital city to show off all the glitz and glam each area has to offer. "Gangnam Style" by Psy The most widely known song about a Korean neighborhood is Psy's successful song, "Gangnam Style." More than just a funny music video with Psy dancing the famous horse dance, "Gangnam Style" is a critique of Seoul's upscale neighborhood Gangnam. The neighborhood hosts wealthy inhabitants and big companies and has become a symbol of South Korea's success in overcoming war and financial instability. Psy is critical of Gangnam, and "Gangnam Style" serves as a parody of the partying, wealthy lifestyle associated with its residents. "Seokyeogdong" by Seo Taiji South Korea was under dictatorship in the 1980's, and Seo Taiji's neighborhood Seokyeogdong was home of the defense ministry that actually ruled over Korea rather than the country's National Assembly. Growing up in that place and that time, Seo Taiji was highly aware of the political situation and "Seokyeogdong" makes this apparent, showing students in military uniform and ending the video with soldiers heading into the house of the female lead. "Gangnam Avenue" by Orange Caramel Less critical than "Gangnam Style," "Gangnam Avenue" is a song about breaking up in Gangnam. The three Orange Caramel members walk through the brightly lit streets of Gangnam as Cinderella-like street cleaners who rip off their outfits and turn into fashionable girls. Even though Gangnam is one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in South Korea, Orange Caramel depicts the average people who make the neighborhood function. "I Can't Go To Sinchon" by Postment Sinchon, a popular neighborhood that is the home to Yonsei University, is known to be filled with college students thanks to being close proximity to not only Yonsei but also several other universities. With numerous restaurants, bars, stores, and activities, Sinchon is a popular date neighborhood and Postmen's song is narrated by a singer who is saying that he can't go back to the neighborhood, out of fear of seeing the places that he and his ex made memories at. "Itaewon Freedom" by UV feat. JYP Similar to "Gangnam Style," "Itaewon Freedom" is a complete parody of a neighborhood, this time the Itaewon neighborhood that is the home of the majority of Seoul's international residents. The song is ridiculous and looks like something out of the 1980's, including the flashy lights and outfits, and is meant to depict how Itaewon is like another world than the rest of Seoul. As the title says, Itaewon is "free," where anything goes. © Copyright 2016 KpopStarz.com. All Rights Reserved.


The name of which chemical element means 'water-producing'?

Element 8 - definition of Element 8 by The Free Dictionary Element 8 - definition of Element 8 by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Element+8 Related to Element 8: oxygen , Element 89 ox·y·gen  (ŏk′sĭ-jən) n. Symbol O A nonmetallic element constituting 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume that occurs as a diatomic gas, O2, and in many compounds such as water and silica, and in iron ore. It combines with most elements, is essential for plant and animal respiration, and is required for nearly all combustion. Ozone, O3, is an allotrope of this element. Atomic number 8; atomic weight 15.9994; melting point -218.79°C; boiling point -182.9°C; gas density at 0°C 1.429 grams per liter; valence 2. See Periodic Table . [French oxygène : Greek oxus, sharp, acid; see ak- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + French -gène, -gen.] ox′y·gen′ic (-jĕn′ĭk) adj. ox′y·gen′i·cal·ly adv. ox·yg′e·nous (ŏk-sĭj′ə-nəs) adj. Word History: One of the most important substances on earth is misnamed. The word oxygen is the Anglicized form of French oxygène, the name for the element proposed in a work entitled Méthode de nomenclature chimique (1787) by a collaborative of chemists including Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, Louis Bernard de Guyton de Morveau, Claude Louis Berthollet, and Antoine François de Fourcroy. (Oxygen had been discovered a few years before by Joseph Priestley in 1774, and he had called the gas dephlogisticated air.) The same publication also introduced the French words that were soon adopted into English as hydrogen and sodium chloride (common salt), among other terms commonly used in chemistry. The French word oxygène was intended to mean "acid-producing," from the Greek word oxus, "sharp," used in the sense "acid," and the Greek suffix -genes, "born," misinterpreted as "producing." At the time oxygen was thought to be an essential component of an acid. Although this is not the case, the name oxygen has persisted for the element. oxygen (ˈɒk sɪ dʒən) n. a colorless, odorless, gaseous element constituting about one-fifth of the volume of the atmosphere and present in a combined state in nature. Symbol: O; at. wt.: 15.9994; at. no.: 8; density: 1.4290 g/l at 0°C and 760 mm pressure. [1780–90; < French oxygène (1786), short for principe oxygène acidifying principle; see oxy -1, -gen ] ox`y•gen′ic (-ˈdʒɛn ɪk) ox•yg′e•nous (-ˈsɪdʒ ə nəs) adj. ox·y·gen (ŏk′sĭ-jən) Symbol O A nonmetallic element that exists in its free form as a colorless, odorless gas and makes up about 21 percent of the Earth's atmosphere. It is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust and occurs in many compounds, including water, carbon dioxide, and iron ore. Oxygen combines with most elements, is required for combustion, and is essential for life in most organisms. Atomic number 8. See Periodic Table . Word History In 1786, the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier coined a term for the element oxygen (oxygène in French). He used Greek words for the coinage: oxy- means "sharp," and -gen means "producing." Oxygen was called the "sharp-producing" element because it was thought to be essential for making acids. Lavoisier also coined the name of the element hydrogen, the "water-producing" element, in 1788. Soon after, in 1791, another French chemist, J. A. Chaptal, introduced the word nitrogen, the "niter-producing" element, referring to its discovery from an analysis of nitric acid. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: atomic number 8 , O chemical element , element - any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter liquid oxygen , LOX - a bluish translucent magnetic liquid obtained by compressing gaseous oxygen and then cooling it below its boiling point; used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants air - a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of; "air pollution"; "a smell of chemicals in the air"; "open a window and let in some air"; "I need some fresh air" H2O


Which famous race was first organised in 1903 to increase sales for the magazine L'Auto?

Cycle Racing Travel Insurance - JS Insurance Travel Insurance > Sports & Activities > Cycle Racing Travel Insurance Cycle Racing Travel Insurance Cycle Racing is widely considered one of the most dangerous form of Cycling due to the lack of protection in crashes with motor vehicles and the vulnerability to weather conditions. Safety equipment, such as cycling helmets, is designed to lessen the damage of impact collisions. First mostly popular in Western Europe, Cycle Racing has now gained popularity all over the world. There are several professional races held on an annual basis in numerous countries. Cycle Racing Travel Insurance also covers Amateur Competitions. To get a quote by telephone or email, contact us on 0800 047 5065 (FREE) or 01273 773 017 chris@jsinsurance.co.uk Bicycle Insurance JS Travel Insurance have partnered with Supercover Insurance Ltd to provide you with comprehensive and value for money Bicycle Insurance. If you require a quote for Bicycle Insurance, please contact us. Common Injuries whilst Cycle Racing Cycling injuries are either overuse injuries which develop over time due to repeated movement patterns, or traumatic injuries sustained after falling from your bike at high speed or a collision. Knee pain is the most common area of complaint for cyclists due to overuse, poor technique or position. Anterior knee pain and patellofemoral pain syndrome are among the most common leg overuse injuries in cyclists. Patellofemoral pain syndrome is pain under or around the kneecap. Patellofemoral pain may happen due to frequent contact and rubbing of the kneecap on the thigh bone or when the kneecap is misaligned due to the repetitive motion of pedalling. Osteoarthritis of the knee is also common amongst cyclists; osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that results in gradual wear and tear of the joint cartilage, symptoms of Osteoarthritis include: Swelling, pain and a decrease in the range of motion. To avoid knee injuries, it is essential to have a proper racing saddle (which is narrow and rather hard) that is set up at the correct height. Neck and back pain is usually caused by staying in one riding position for too long and factors such as poor posture and incorrect body positioning whilst riding. If the bike frame is too long or your handlebars are too low the rider tends to hunch over which causes increased strain on the neck and back. Saddle sores are an unavoidable nuisance while training for races and participating in races. They are causes by the repeatedly rubbing off the skin against the saddle, which cause abrasions and cuts. This is generally treated with ointments and pastes. Injuries that are caused by accidents, crashes and collisions at high speed may include: Broken bones Dislocated joints Cycle Racing Equipment A proper custom-made race bike is essential if you want to participate in cycle races and reduce the risk of injuries. When Training and Racing, a helmet can save your life. Additional equipment and clothing includes cycling shoes, jerseys and gloves. Popular Cycle Racing Events L'Etape du Tour: L'Etape du Tour is an organised amateur cycling race that takes place in July each year, usually held over mountainous roads in either the Pyrenees or French Alps. It attracts around 8,500 participants from all over the world and the event takes place on roads that are closed to the public/other traffic. Tour de France: The Tour de France is an annual multiple stage professional bicycle race that was first organised in 1903 to promote and increase sales for the magazine LAuto and is currently the worlds biggest annual sporting event. The Tour de France is held in France in July of each year, while also passing through nearby countries. The tour lasts for 3 weeks and finishes in Paris. Over the years, as the race has gained popularity participation has extended from a predominantly French field to competitors taking part from all over the world. Giro d'Italia: Giro d'Italia, which translates to Tour of Italy, is a professional cycle race that has been held annually since it first began in


At the 2012 London Olympics, who won the first ever Women's Boxing Gold medal?

London 2012: was this the women’s Olympics? – Channel 4 News UK London 2012: was this the women’s Olympics? After boxing and taekwondo were contested by women for the first time and women’s football pulled in record crowds, Channel 4 News asks if London 2012 was a turning point for women’s sport. Share on Twitter The IOC has hailed the London 2012 Games as “an historic step towards gender equality”. This was the first Olympics where women competed in all events. For the first time, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei sent female sportswomen to the Games. Saudi Arabia put forward two women to compete: 16-year-old Wojdan Shaherkani in the judo and 19-year-old Sarah Attar in the women’s 800 metres. One third of Qatar’s 12-strong team were women, competing in shooting, athletics, swimming and table tennis. Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei’s only female competitor (in a team of three) finished outside the official qualifying time for the women’s 400m, but received special dispensation to compete. Campaigners from NoWomenNoPlay , which lobbies for the inclusion of women in sport, say the Saudi team’s women were “tokenistic” . Sue Tibballs, chief executive of the Women’s Sport and Fitness Foundation , which campaigns for greater female involvement in sport, argues that on the contrary the first ever appearance of Saudi women at the Games has been one of the “great female moments” of this year’s Olympics – alongside Nicola Adams becoming the first female Olympic boxing champion and Team GB’s women beating Brazil. Dr Helen Pankhurst, the great grandaughter of suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst and ambassador for Care International , told Channel 4 News that the inclusion of the Saudi women had created “a fantastic situation” which “must be sending a message” and empowering women. She describes the large number of gold medals won by female competitors as “symbolically important”. ‘The girl’s games’ While male athletes like Jamaica’s Usain Bolt , GB’s Mo Farah and the USA’s Michael Phelps have dominated the headlines, women athletes also fought their way onto the back, and front, pages. Great Britain’s female team members have become stars over the last two weeks: from poster athlete Jessica Ennis winning the heptathlon with a series of personal bests, to boxing champion Adams making sporting history. Tibballs said: “With more female competitors and more medal opportunities than ever before we think this has been the best Olympics ever for women – and the amazing performances from Team GB women have been the icing on the cake!” “2012 will be remembered as the girl’s games”, she added. UK Sport , responsible for investing public funds in high performance sport, agrees. A spokesperson said: “This games is the women’s games if nothing else for the inspirational medal winning moments provided by our female elite athletes – most of which were gold.” With 48.2 per cent of athletes that made Team GB for London 2012 being female and, for the first time, more women than men on the US team, UK Sport says we are “getting there” in terms of gender equality. Breaking tradition Female involvement and the fight for equality in sport was signalled at the opening ceremony of the Games when, after the industrial revolution sequence, a troop of women dressed as suffragettes filed into the stadium. Things have come a long way since the first Olympics in 1896, when all competitors were men. In 1900 women were allowed to compete for the first time, but were not awarded medals until the following Games. It has taken just over 100 years for women to be allowed to compete in all sports. Sports like boxing are finally opening to women. It is the last sport to achieve Olympic gender equality. Martial arts like taekwondo and BMX riding are also changing perceptions about the kinds of sports women can take part in. Parity? Despite the optimism for women, Tibballs warned: “It is essential that we do not let the legacy of 2012 fade away. Ordinarily women’s sport attracts just 5 per cent of all media coverage and receives 0.5 per cent of all commercial sponsorship.” Pankhurst


Which bottled sauce is made using malt vinegar, spirit vinegar, molasses, sugar, salt, anchovies, tamarind extract, onions, garlic, spice, and flavouring?

Worcestershire Sauce Worcestershire Sauce © Denzil Green Worcestershire Sauce is a commercially-made seasoning sauce. The sauce is brown, and thin. It has a somewhat tart, meaty taste with a pungent vinegary smell. The most well-known brands include French's and Heinz, and Lea & Perrins. Different brands will use different ingredients; some of the ingredients commonly used often include cloves, garlic, tamarind, paprika or chiles, soy sauce, treacle and/or molasses, vinegar (or lemon juice), salt, onions, garlic, anchovies, shallots, malt vinegar, and tamarind. Lea & Perrins is the oldest brand, and the original. Those who like Lea & Perrins will turn up their noses at the others. Lea & Perrins will barrel and age theirs for 3 years, and not all the other brands will do that. Lea & Perrins is made in a factory on Midland Road in Worcester, England. The ingredients in the recipe for Lea & Perrins are a closely-guarded secret, known only to those who manage the company and to those who trouble to read the list of ingredients on the side of the bottle: Malt vinegar (from barley), spirit vinegar, water, refiner's molasses, sugar, salt, anchovies, tamarind extract, onions, garlic, spice, and natural flavour. The onions and garlic are pickled for a minimum of 12 months in malt vinegar before use. Eventually, the ingredients are combined, then aged in blue fiberglass maturing tanks (aging used to be done in oak barrels), strained, the flavour checked, then pasteurized and bottled. The British factory supplies the entire world except America. The reason is that Americans are the world's largest consumers of Lea & Perrins, which justifies their own factory in Fair Lawn, New Jersey. The ingredients there are slightly modified: vinegar, molasses, high fructose corn syrup, anchovies, water, onions, salt, garlic, tamarind concentrate, cloves, natural flavorings and chili pepper extract. Brian Keogh, a Lea & Perrins accountant who retired in 1991, found what he believed were original leather-bound recipe books for the sauce in a trash skip used by the company. (No word on why he was rooting through the skip.) He died in 2006; his daughter Bonnie Clifford donated the books to the Worcester City Museums. The recipes he found seem to indicate that the "spice and natural flavour" could be cloves, soy sauce, lemon essence, peppers, and pickles. Knowing the ingredients, of course, doesn't give away the secret to how they are assembled. For instance, it is known that the onion and garlic are pickled first in vinegar for a minimum of 12 months before being used in the recipe, and the anchovies are fermented in salt for three to five years. The sauce is pasteurized before being bottled. In Canada, the Lea & Perrins sold there is imported from Britain by Heinz. The label is modified to fit French on. Heinz also sells its own make of Worcestershire Sauce in Canada, under its own label. Cooking Tips Worcestershire Sauce is very useful in quick recipes where the flavours don't have time to marry and develop a body of their own. Substitutes There are recipes floating around out there for making your own Worcestershire sauce which have you "brew" it in the refrigerator before straining and using, but since you could more quickly walk to the corner shop, that hardly seems in the nature of a substitution, which has more to do with what do you have to hand right now. Some people suggest substituting soy sauce, but that would change the nature of the taste too much. Given that Worcestershire sauce lasts indefinitely in the bottle and that a bottle costs so little, there's no reason not to keep a small bottle around as part of your staples. Nutrition Is Worchestershire Sauce Gluten Free? Whether or not a bottle of Worcestershire Sauce is considered gluten free will depend on: the brand; what country it was made in by which country's law are you making a gluten-free determination? You need to contact the company whose brand you are considering buying and ask them directly, or, look for a bottle that is certified gluten-free. Reports as to whether Lea & P


What is the 'collective name of the books included in the Roman Catholic Bible but not the Protestant Bible?

What Is the Difference Between Protestant and Catholic Bibles? What Is the Difference Between Protestant and Catholic Bibles? The Old Testament The Septuagint In the third century B.C., the Jewish scripture was translated into Greek for the convenience of the many Jews who were not fluent in Hebrew. This translation was known as the Septuagint [SEP tuh jint], often abbreviated as "LXX." The name Septuagint comes from the Greek word for ‘seventy’ (hence the symbol LXX, 70 in Roman numerals) and refers to the tradition that seventy-two rabbis worked on the translation.* The First Christian Bible At the time the Christian Bible was being formed, the Septuagint was in common use by Jews and Jewish Christians, and Christians adopted it as the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. However, around 100 A.D., Jewish rabbis revised their Scripture and established an official canon of Judaism which excluded some portions of the Greek Septuagint. The material excluded was a group of 15 late Jewish books, written during the period 170 B.C. to 70 A.D., that were not found in Hebrew versions of the Jewish Scripture. Christians did not follow the revisions of Judaism and continued to use the text of the Septuagint as the Old Testament. Protestant Bibles In the 1500s, Protestant leaders decided to organize the Old Testament material according to the official canon of Judaism rather than the Septuagint. They moved the Old Testament material which was not in the Jewish canon into a separate section of the Bible called the Apocrypha. So, Protestant Bibles then included all the same material as the earlier Bible, but it was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the Apocrypha. Protestant Bibles included the Apocrypha until the mid 1800s, and the King James Version was originally published with the Apocrypha. However, the Apocrypha was considered less important, and Bible publishers eventually dropped it from most Protestant editions. The books of the Apocrypha are also known as the deuterocanonical books. Catholic and Orthodox Bibles The Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches did not follow the Protestant revisions, and they continue to base their Old Testament on the Septuagint. The result is that these versions of the Bible have more Old Testament books than most Protestant versions. Catholic Old Testaments include 1st and 2nd Maccabees, Baruch, Tobit, Judith, The Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), additions to Esther, and the stories of Susanna and Bel and the Dragon which are included in Daniel. Orthodox Old Testaments include these plus 1st and 2nd Esdras, Prayer of Manasseh, Psalm 151 and 3rd Maccabees. The New Testament The Protestant, Catholic and Orthodox New Testaments are identical and contain 27 books. *Achtemeier, P. J., Harper & Row, & Society of Biblical Literature, Harper’s Bible dictionary (1st ed.), San Francisco, Harper & Row, 1985, p. 925