How many squares are visible on a standard Rubik Cube?

Trick of Mind: Square in Rubik's Cube: A Trick Question Every Day : Popular, Funny, Mind Tricks, Daily Puzzles, Riddles, and Brain Teasers - Rajesh Lal A Trick Question Every Day Wednesday, September 10, 2008 Square in Rubik's Cube How many squares can you perceive in a Rubik's Cube and how many of them are visible ? By perceive, I mean you can assume a square, if you can join four co-ordinates to form a square. posted by Rajesh Lal at 9:34 PM 16 Comments: September 11, 2008 11:16 AM    shawn said... 324 squares can be made and 84 of them are fully visible to us (asuming that a rubik's cube has a sigle layer of cubes composing it) ~shawn~ September 11, 2008 11:55 AM    Euclid's Brother said... If I understand the question and assuming a generic 3x3x3 rubik's cube.. Then I say 216 perceived and 54 visible. explation: 3x3x3=27 individual cubes percevied (1x1) times 6 sides each. 8 larger cubes perceived (2x2) times 6 sides each. 1 larger cube (3x3) times 6 sides. All add up to 216. Each side has 9 visible squares, 9*6 = 54. September 11, 2008 3:05 PM    Hägar said... Well, I might go with the 216. However, 9*6+4*6+1*6 = 84 would be the total "completely visible" squares (per maza). I think the only completely hidden ones would be on the small middle cube - giving a total of 216-9 = 207 "visible" squares. September 11, 2008 5:15 PM    Anonymous said... Well 9 squares per side and 6 sides would be 54 visible "small squares", but each group of 4 small squares make another larger square, and each 3x3 side makes a still larger square. Each of the six sides have four 4x4 squares and each of the six sides has 1 3x3 square so 54+24+6 = 84 visible. September 12, 2008 12:31 AM    Anonymous said... Well 9 squares per side and 6 sides would be 54 visible "small squares", but each group of 4 small squares make another larger square, and each 3x3 side makes a still larger square. Each of the six sides have four 4x4 squares and each of the six sides has 1 3x3 square so 54+24+6 = 84 visible. September 12, 2008 11:03 AM    Hägar said... Actually, I don't think any of us have come close yet (even ignoring my "9-sided" inner cube slip above.) For starters, given the problems explicit definition of "a square" each "side" has at least 4 squares nobody has mentioned yet - the 4 with an area of 2 square units centered around the vertices of the small inner square. That alone gives 108 "squares" on the outside of the cube (which would be one interpretation of "visible".) Those of us considering the inside have some more work to do too. Actually, that could be where Shawn's 324 number comes from; but that does not jive with the 84. Also, I think there are even more than 324 and less than 635376. Any more thoughts? September 15, 2008 12:03 PM    Hägar said... Well... that is the first mention of 252. For those wondering Anon is assuming that ownensrx and others are correct in that there are 14 "squares" per side. The six outside surfaces (sides) then give 84. HOWEVER, if you consider there there are actually 18 surfaces if you include the interior of the cube (each consisting of 9 small squares and corresponding larger squares) you can get 18*14=252. Shawns original insight was (possibly) that there were an additional 4 squares per side (as I hinted above) giving 18*18=324. However, I now believe there are at least an additional 2 squares per surface giving a lower bound of 20*6=120 outside surface squares and 18*20=360 squares (inside and out). Again, I believe that there are even more than that. September 16, 2008 12:47 AM    Anonymous said... doing research on 9 sided hyper-hyper cube.looking at how it folds together---look at a go board and fold the 9 squares into a hyper-hyper cube-see why the center point is up-how many indices on the cube----show me the math supporting your answer


Who wrote the 'Cadfael' series of novels?

Brother Cadfael (Ellis Peters) Brother Cadfael creator: Ellis Peters Brother Cadfael was a monk in the Benedictine abbey of St Peter and St Paul in 12th century Shrewsbury, near the Welsh Border. When we meet him in the first novel, he's a "squat, barrel-chested, bandy-legged veteran of fifty-seven". He'd spent the first two thirds of his working life as a soldier, fighting in the crusades, and as a sea captain about the coasts of the Holy Land, before giving it up for the monastic life. "He saw no contradiction in the delight he had taken in battle and adventure, and the keen pleasure he now found in quietude. Spiced, to be truthful with more than a little mischief when he could get it." And he hadn't always been celibate, but remembered "ladies, in more lands than one, with whom he had enjoyed encounters pleasurable to both parties, and no harm to either". It is because of all this past experience that he is able to act as such an effective bridge between the enclosed monastic world and the bustling world outside. Now he's happily growing herbs in his retirement: "When you have done everything else, perfecting a conventual herb-garden is a fine and satisfying thing to do." He's able to "medicine not only the brothers, but many who came for help in their troubles .... He had not been bred to this science, he had learned it by experience, by trial and study, accumulating knowledge over the years, until some preferred his ministrations to those of the acknowledged physicians". It almost seems a pity that his work is being constantly interrupted by so mysterious disappearances and unexplained stabbings - but he obviously enjoys the constant challenges. He was the creation of Ellis Peters, the pseudonym of Edith (Mary) Pargeter (1913-1995). She was born in Horsehay in Shropshire and lived there all her life, except during the Second World War when she served in the Women's Royal Naval Service in Liverpool. She was awarded the British Empire Medal in 1944. She wrote numerous books, but her first Brother Cadfael story (A Morbid Taste for Bones) did not appear until 1977. She explains how Cadfael came into being: "He emerged as the necessary protagonist when I had the idea of deriving a plot for a murder mystery from the true history of Shrewsbury Abbey in the twelfth century, and needed the high mediaeval equivalent of a detective, an observer and agent of justice in the centre of the action. I had no idea then what I was launching on the world, nor to how demanding a mentor I was subjecting myself". She adopted the name of Ellis Peters for her crime novels, so as not to get them confused with her other work - but, in fact, she found she was to have little time for anything else (in the end, there were 20 Cadfael novels plus a book of short stories). She explained that, for her, a thriller must be a morality story. "If it strays from the side of the angels, provokes total despair ... takes pleasure in evil, that is unforgivable ... It is probably true that I am not very good at villains. The good interests me so much more." She was also well known for her translations of Czech classics. In addition, she wrote under the names of Peter Benedict, Jolyon Carr and John Redfern. A Morbid Taste for Bones (1977) In A Morbid Taste for Bones, the first of the Cadfael books, the prior of Cadfael's monastery (who, desperate for holy relics to attract pilgrims to his abbey, "had been scouring the borderlands for a spare saint now for a year or more") decides to acquire the bones of the obscure St Winifred from a remote Welsh village. Cadfael, as a native Welsh speaker, persuades the abbot that it would be useful to let him go too. It's he of course, who solves the subsequent murder, and he does it in such a way that everyone (except the murderer) is satisfied with the final outcome, the acquisitive prior as well as the villagers who didn't want to lose their beloved, if hitherto rather neglected, saint. There are amusing decriptions of the monks, including Prior Robert who "was more than six feet tall, attenuated and graceful, silver-grey


What was the name of the rocket launching site in Australia, used for early British space missions?

Space Today Online - Spaceports Around the World - Australia Spaceports Around the World: Australia's Woomera and Weipa Spaceports Satellites have been blasted to space from Australia. On October 28, 1971, Great Britain became the sixth nation to launch an artificial moon to orbit above Earth. The satellite, named Black Knight 1, rode atop a rocket called Black Arrow in a launch from Woomera, Australia. Woomera. This village with a population of 1,805 is a small town in the north of South Australia managed by the Australian Department of Defence. It was established in 1947 as a testing station for the British experimental rocket program. South Australia is home to the famous Outback, which contains 80 percent of the state's area, but less than 0.75 percent of its population. Great Britain and Australia tested rockets on the firing range at Woomera from the end of World War II through the 1970's. Numerous rockets were launched, including the early Europa series. Woomera also operated as a NASA tracking station until 1972. The rocket testing range and the Nurrungar communications station are prohibited areas managed by the Defence Department. More recently, the Australian Space Council has been considering the possibility of new launch pads at Woomera as well as at Weipa and Darwin. Sparsely populated Woomera has useful infrastructure, is usually cloud free, and would be a good location for access to polar orbits. Darwin. Unlike the empty desert area around Woomera, this capital of the Northern Territory is a bustling tropical city clustering around the beaches of Darwin Harbour Weipa. Weipa is on the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland. Cape York is the most northerly tip of Australia and a four-day four-wheel-drive trip from Cooktown through some of the most rugged sandy and wooded country in Australia. One of the world's last rainforest wildernesses, the unexplored domain is accessed via rugged dirt roads which cross several rivers that often swell and close the roads during the wet season. The Queensland state government has been putting a lot of energy into promoting space launches from Weipa, Australia, trading the excellent climate in the remote, northern, sparsely-populated 4,000-square-mile Cape York Peninsula -- including its overpopulation of crocodiles -- for a slice of the worldwide spaceflight launching pie. It's certainly a low-overhead area at the moment. And it probably can guarantee longer life in space for satellites since it's only about 15 degrees below the equator. An orbiting stationary satellite, which had been launched from Cape York Peninsula, would need 120 lbs. less fuel to maintain its orbit. That would mean a couple of years more working life in space. The premier of Queensland, calling the weather at Weipa as near perfect as one could want, said that should be attractive to governments and private companies who could replace Mother Nature's local environment with steel towers, concrete runways and hotels. In the early 1990s, Australia organized a Cape York Space Agency to develop a Queensland launch facility. A Queensland University scientist said spaceport operators could earn millions of dollars in profits, even after the expense of moving the crocodiles elsewhere. Meeting resistance. However, thousands of Aborigines who call tropical Cape York Peninsula home disagreed with the premier of Queensland. They campaigned against the proposed launch site, calling it a "second invasion" of their country. The spaceport is backed by the government of Australia and the state of Queensland, but the Wuthathi and Kuku Yau communities of Aborigines said the launch site was planned in Tokyo, Moscow and Washington, without consideration for local land rights. The local Cape York Aboriginal Land Council used legal means to stop the development. Wuthathi people are traditional Aborigine owners of the outlying land on the east coast of Cape York Peninsula. Japanese shuttle landings. Japan, with ambitious plans for its Hope space shuttle to carry freight to the International Space Station, had been thinking abo


Which female candidate was beaten by Nicolas Sarkozy in the 2007 French Presidential election?

Women make gains in French politics / Female candidate seen having chance in presidential race - SFGate Women make gains in French politics / Female candidate seen having chance in presidential race Elizabeth Bryant, Chronicle Foreign Service Published 4:00 am, Friday, April 20, 2007 Photo: POOL Close Image 1 of 4 France's Socialist Party presidential candidate Segolene Royal (C) attends a meeting with check-out employees as she visits a supermarket in Paris, April 18, 2007. REUTERS/Francois Mori/Pool (FRANCE) Ran on: 04-20-2007 S�gol�ne Royal less France's Socialist Party presidential candidate Segolene Royal (C) attends a meeting with check-out employees as she visits a supermarket in Paris, April 18, 2007. REUTERS/Francois Mori/Pool (FRANCE) Ran on: ... more Photo: POOL Image 2 of 4 France's UMP party presidential candidate Nicolas Sarkozy listens to speeches as he is surrounded by former miners during a campaign visit at the Wendel mineshaft in Petite-Roselle, eastern France April 17, 2007. REUTERS/Philippe Wojazer (FRANCE) Ran on: 04-20-2007 S�gol�ne Royal less France's UMP party presidential candidate Nicolas Sarkozy listens to speeches as he is surrounded by former miners during a campaign visit at the Wendel mineshaft in Petite-Roselle, eastern France April 17, ... more Photo: PHILIPPE WOJAZER Image 3 of 4 French Socialist Party presidential candidate Segolene Royal, center, helps an unidentified customer during a visit to a supermarket in Paris, Wednesday April 18, 2007. With just four days to go until the election, an Ipsos poll Wednesday suggested that Sarkozy would take 29.5 percent in Sunday's first round, Royal 24.5 percent, and Bayrou 18.5 percent. (AP Photo/Eric Feferberg; Pool) less French Socialist Party presidential candidate Segolene Royal, center, helps an unidentified customer during a visit to a supermarket in Paris, Wednesday April 18, 2007. With just four days to go until the ... more Photo: ERIC FEFERBERG Final push for votes. Associated Press Graphic Final push for votes. Associated Press Graphic Women make gains in French politics / Female candidate seen having chance in presidential race 1 / 4 Back to Gallery 2007-04-20 04:00:00 PDT Paris -- Corinne Lepage still remembers how French lawmakers humiliated her a decade ago, ridiculing draft environmental legislation she introduced. "It would never have happened if I were a man," Lepage said of the recurrent slights she says she endured when she was environment minister -- and one of a handful of female Cabinet ministers then appointed for arguably decorative purposes. It's better now for female politicians, thanks to French and European directives to level the gender playing field. And while feminists contend political parity remains a distant dream in France, one of the half-dozen female candidates running in Sunday's first-round presidential election has a shot at advancing to the next round. The two finalists will face off on May 6. "Legislation on gender parity has changed many things and sparked a huge debate on the place of women in public life," said political scientist Janine Mossuz-Lavau , explaining the change in perceptions. "Increasing numbers of French women are working, and that also favors political engagement. Then there's the international context -- the election of women as presidents in places like Chile and Liberia where this has never happened before." Nobody is capitalizing more from the shift than Ségolène Royal. The 53-year-old Socialist lawmaker topped French popularity polls for months, but a series of political gaffes caused her to drop in a tight race with former conservative Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy complicated by the presence of minor-party centrist François Bayrou and perennial anti-immigrant candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen . Sunday's vote will partly be one of personalities -- the top candidates have often strayed from party orthodoxies, plucking ideas from the political left and right to revive a lackluster economy and better integrate millions of black and Arab citizens. Turnout is expected to be high,


In which South American country is Europe's Spaceport, Kourou?

Europe's Spaceport / Europe's Spaceport / Launchers / Our Activities / ESA ESA > Our Activities > Launchers > Europe's Spaceport Europe's Spaceport Europe's Spaceport is situated in the northeast of South America in French Guiana, an overseas department of France. In 1964 the French Government chose Kourou, from 14 other sites, as a base from which to launch its satellites. When the European Space Agency came into being in 1975, the French Government offered to share its Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG) with ESA. For its part, ESA approved funding to upgrade the launch facilities at the CSG to prepare the Spaceport for the Ariane launchers under development. Since then, ESA has continued to fund two thirds of the spaceport's annual budget to finance the operations and the investments needed to maintain the top level services provided by the Spaceport. ESA also finances new facilities, such as launch complexes and industrial production facilities, for new launchers such as Vega or for the exploitation of Soyuz. Ideal launch site Kourou lies at latitude 5°3', just over 500 km north of the equator. Its nearness to the equator makes it ideally placed for launches into geostationary transfer orbit as few changes have to be made to a satellite’s trajectory. Streaking into the sky... Launchers also profit from the ‘slingshot’ effect, that is the energy created by the speed of the Earth’s rotation around the axis of the Poles. This increases the speed of a launcher by 460 m per second. These important factors save fuel and money, and prolong the active life of satellites. Thanks to its geographical position, Europes Spaceport offers a launch angle of 102°, enabling a wide range of missions from east to north. In fact, Europe’s Spaceport is so well placed that it can carry out all possible space missions. Safety is equally important. French Guiana is scarcely populated and 90% of the country is covered by equatorial forests. In addition there is no risk of cyclones or earthquakes. The high levels of efficiency, safety and reliability at Europe’s Spaceport are well known. In addition to its many European clients, the spaceport also undertakes launches for industries in the United States, Japan, Canada, India and Brazil. To date, ESA has invested more than €1.6 billion in improving and developing the ground facilities at Europe’s Spaceport. ESA owns the special infrastructure built for the Ariane launchers, this includes launcher and satellite preparation buildings, launch operation facilities and a plant for making solid propellant. Last update: 30 October 2012 Rate this


Name the famous American pioneer who was involved in marking out the Wilderness Trail in the west and founded the first settlement in Kentucky which was named after him?

Daniel Boone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Daniel Boone (1734-1820) is the most widely known of American frontiersmen. Daniel Boone is the most widely known of American frontiersmen. He served as the model for James Fenimore Cooper’s Leatherstocking, and his adventures inspired incidents in hundreds of works of fiction. Even Lord Byron mentioned him in Don Juan. Without Boone the history of Kentucky would have been much different. Did You Know? Daniel Boone died at age 86 at his son's home near present-day Defiance, Missouri. Boone was born near Reading, in Berks County, Pennsylvania , the son of hard-working but adventurous Quaker parents. He learned some blacksmithing but had very little formal education. Daniel appears to have been a scrappy lad who loved hunting, the wilderness, and independence. When his parents left Pennsylvania in 1750 bound for the Yadkin valley of northwest North Carolina , Daniel went along willingly. There, on the cutting edge of the frontier, he was able to indulge his hunting prowess and love of the wilderness. In the following years he served as a wagoner with Gen. Edward Braddock’s ill-fated expedition to Fort Duquesne in 1755; married a neighbor’s daughter, Rebecca Bryan, in 1756; and in 1758 is believed to have been a wagoner with Gen. John Forbes who was hacking out the road to Fort Duquesne, which he rebuilt as Fort Pitt (now Pittsburgh). Back in North Carolina, Daniel purchased land from his father but never seriously engaged in farming; he loved to roam. In 1763 he and his brother Squire journeyed to Florida , although for unknown reasons they did not stay. Boone’s fame rests primarily upon his exploration and settlement of Kentucky. He was first in eastern Kentucky in 1767, but his expedition of 1769-1771 is more widely known. With a small party Boone advanced along the Warrior’s Path into an Edenic region. When the time came for the party to return he remained behind in the wilderness until March 1771. On the way home, he and his brother were robbed by Indians of their deerskins and pelts, but the two remained exuberant over the land known as “Kentuck.” So much did Daniel love that “dark and bloody ground” that he tried to return in 1773, taking forty settlers with him, but the Indians drove them back. The next year he went again into the region carrying a warning of Indian troubles to Governor John Murray Dunmore’s surveyors. Even as Judge Richard Henderson was concluding the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals (March 1775) by which much of Kentucky was sold to his Transylvania Company, Boone was hacking out the Wilderness Road. As soon as he reached his destination, he began building Boonesboro, one of several stations (forts) under construction at that time. For the next four years—through 1778—Boone, a captain in the militia, was busy defending the settlements. His leadership helped save the three remaining Kentucky stations, Boonesboro, Logan’s (St. Asaph’s), and Harrodsburg. These were stirring years of ambushes (such as Blue Licks in 1778), captures (Boone was seized but escaped from the Shawnees), rescues, and desperate defenses. Although he was highly respected and served in the Virginia assembly, Boone was not a good businessman and he lost his Kentucky lands. In September 1799, he set out for Missouri where a son had preceded him. He settled in the Femme Osage valley where he continued to hunt and roam until his death. Twenty-five years later his remains and those of his wife were returned to Kentucky for burial. Daniel Boone was helped to immortality through the writings of John Filson, whose The Discovery, Settlement and Present State of Kentucke included an appendix containing “The Adventures of Col. Daniel Boon [sic].” The book was widely read in England and Europe as well as in America, and Boone became the model of the American frontiersman. But even if he had not been cast as a heroic figure in Kentucke, residents of Kentucky would still honor him as that state’s frontier hero. John Bakeless, Daniel Boone (1939; reprint, 1989); Lawrence Elliott, The Long Hunter: A


Keswick stands at the northern end of which Lake District lake?

North England's Lake District and Durham – Rick Steves' Europe TV Show Episode Honister Slate Mine England’s last still-functioning slate mine stands at the summit of Honister Pass. The mine offers worthwhile tours (perfect for when it’s pouring outside): You’ll put on a hard hat, load onto a bus for a short climb, then hike into a shaft to learn about the region’s slate industry. It’s a long, stooped hike into the mountain, made interesting by the guide and punctuated by the sound of your helmet scraping against low bits of the shaft. Standing deep in the mountain, surrounded by slate scrap and the beams of 30 headlamps fluttering around like fireflies, you’ll learn of the hardships of miners’ lives and how “green gold” is trendy once again, making the mine viable. Even if you don’t have time to take the tour, stop here for its slate-filled shop. Castlerigg Stone Circle For some reason, 70 percent of England’s stone circles are here in Cumbria. Castlerigg is one of the best and oldest in Britain, and an easy stop for drivers. The circle — 90 feet across and 5,000 years old — has 38 stones mysteriously laid out on a line between the two tallest peaks on the horizon. They served as a celestial calendar for ritual celebrations. Script See the Travel Details above for recommendations highlighted in bold, excerpted from Rick's guidebooks. Hi, I'm Rick Steves, back with more of the best of Europe. This time we're getting to know the locals like never before...we’re in the North of England. Thanks for joining us. Northern England is a lush land steeped in a rich blend of history, culture, and nature. Traveling here, I'm struck by how man and nature seem to co-exist in harmony...and how richly rewarding a visit can be. We'll hike along an ancient Roman wall, play a little cricket, and be dazzled in a Norman cathedral. We'll meet the locals — and their beloved dogs, and sheep...everywhere. Donning hard hats, we'll tour an old slate mine. And, of course, we'll enjoy the countless hikes — admiring lakes, discovering waterfalls, and conquering stoney summits. Great Britain is dominated by England. In the north of England, we'll visit Durham, Hadrian's Wall and the Cumbrian Lakes District. We'll focus on the less touristy northern lakes — home basing in Keswick. The Cumbrian Lake District — just 30 miles by 30 miles — is England's green, pristine, mountain playground. While not impressive in sheer height — England's highest peak is just 3,200 feet — it's long been a powerful magnet for nature lovers. The charm of this area is, in part, the range of experiences it provides. Stumble upon a surprise lake view. Then climb over a rock fence to look into the eyes of a ragamuffin sheep. Find the perfect farmhouse B&B. Then enjoy this Packhorse Bridge. And for a memorable lunch, summit your own private peak for a picnic. This region gives even tenderfeet a chance to feel rugged and outdoorsy. Here in the Lake District, William Words¬worth’s poems still ripple on the ponds. This is a land where nature rules and humanity keeps a low profile. For two centuries, this region has inspired visitors to relax, recharge, get some exercise, and maybe even write a poem. The Lake District is green for good reason. It rains a lot. Experienced English hikers dress smart and don't let blustery weather keep them in. It‘s rainy one moment and then suddenly gorgeous. As locals love to say, "There's no bad weather, just inappropriate clothing." The town of Keswick is your best home base for exploring the northern lakes — which I prefer to the more commercial southern part of the region. Keswick was originally a mining center. But the slate and lead industries eventually gave way to nature-loving tourists and, in the 19th century, Keswick became a resort. Its fine old buildings recall those Romantic-era days when big city folks first learned about “communing with nature.” Today, the town is well-stocked with hiking-gear shops...and pubs. The Lake District is popular with English holiday-makers who prefer to bring their beloved dogs with them on vacation. Keswic


The Swan-Hunter Shipyard is/was on which river?

Swan Hunter | Specialist Equipment | Engineering & Project Management Engineering & Project Management CONTACT Carousels, Loading Towers, Reel Drive Systems & Tensioners. Swan Hunter can provide Reel Drive Systems and Reels for installation and storage of cables, umbilicals and flexible pipelines. Extensive experience in offshore renewables and offshore oil & gas industries. Mooring and Beaching Methodology / Analysis and Anchor Handling Procedures for the Belgian Offshore windfarm export cable installation. Yard & Quayside Services. Swan Hunter can offer project management and specific load-out services utilising our large Tyneside Yard. Swan Hunter offer Specialist Equipment, Design, Engineering & Project Management Services to the Offshore Renewables and Subsea Oil & Gas energy markets. We offer solutions for power and telecoms cable, flexible pipelines, umbilicals and other subsea installation projects throughout the world. Swan Hunter provides its clients a wealth of knowledge and credibility in an ever challenging offshore environment. EQUIPMENT Swan Hunter provide a rental fleet of offshore installation equipment for flexible pipelines, umbilicals, and power cables. Our equipment pool includes basket carousels, reel carousels, reel drive systems, reels, tensioners, chutes, under roller drive systems, turntables and other ancillary installation equipment. ENGINEERING Swan Hunter provide offshore engineering services for offshore renewables and oil and gas projects including project management and project engineering, installation analysis, mooring analysis, installation engineering, installation method statements and procedures, and route engineering. YARD & QUAYSIDE Our yard and quayside services include a heavy duty load-out quay, deep water berthing, and a purpose built tidal basin. We have experience with load-outs via cranes and self propelled modular trailers (SPMT).


Which is the longest London Underground line?

On the North Curve between Rickmansworth and     Croxley Green, Metropolitan Line Longest tunnel 17.3 miles from Morden to East Finchley via Bank     (Northern Line) Longest distance between 2 stations 6.26 kms Chalfont & Latimer to Chesham (Metropolitan)     - 3.89 miles Shortest distance between 2 stations 0.25 km Leicester Square to Covent Garden (Piccadilly) -     0.16 miles Longest single journey on 1 train 54.5 kms 34.1 miles between West Ruislip and Epping,     Central Line. Average depth of tube lines 24 metres


Which sea lies to the northwest of the Crimea?

Earth Snapshot • Sivash Sea on Isthmus of Perekop, Crimea, Ukraine December 8th, 2011 Category: Lakes Ukraine - November 25th, 2011 Crimea, is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea (blue, below) and on the western coast of the Sea of Azov (green, upper right), on the Crimean Peninsula, bordering Kherson Oblast from the North. Crimea’s total land area is 26,100 km2 (10,077 sq mi). Crimea is connected to the mainland by the 5–7 kilometres (3.1–4.3 mi) wide Isthmus of Perekop. However, it is almost cut off from the mainland by the Sivash Sea, actually a large system of shallow, silty lagoons. Here, the lagoons show varied, bright colors, ranging from lime green to electric blue to pink. At the eastern tip of Crimea is the Kerch Peninsula, which is directly opposite the Taman Peninsula on the Russian mainland. Between the Kerch and Taman peninsulas, lies the 3–13 kilometres (1.9–8.1 mi) wide Strait of Kerch, which connects the waters of the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. The Crimean coastline is broken by several bays and harbors. The southeast coast is flanked at a distance of 8–12 kilometres (5.0–7.5 mi) from the sea by a parallel range of mountains, the Crimean Mountains. These mountains are backed by secondary parallel ranges. Seventy-five percent of the remaining area of Crimea consists of semiarid prairie lands, a southward continuation of the Pontic steppes, which slope gently to the northwest from the foot of the Crimean Mountains.


Which general defended Moscow from the Germans in 1941?

The Battle for Moscow - History Learning Site The Battle for Moscow Citation: C N Trueman "The Battle for Moscow" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 15 May 2015. 16 Aug 2016. The Battle for Moscow – the Germans code-named it ‘Operation Typhoon’ – started on October 2nd 1941 . The capture of Moscow, Russia’s capital, was seen as vital to the success of ‘ Operation Barbarossa ‘. Hitler believed that once the heart – Moscow – had been cut out of Russia , the whole nation would collapse.   The initial stages of Barbarossa have been seen as massively successful for the Germans and catastrophic for the Russians. Few would deny the success of the German attack – 28 Russian divisions were put out of action in just three weeks and more than 70 divisions lost 50% or more of their men and equipment. Blitzkrieg had ploughed through the Red Army. Hitler’s belief that the Red Army would crumble seemed to be coming true. However, the Germans had also suffered in their attacks on Russia. By one month into Barbarossa, the Germans had lost over 100,000 men, 50% of their tanks and over 1,200 planes. With its army split between east and west Europe, these were heavy casualty figures. Hitler’s belief that the Red Army would be crushed also meant that there had been little consideration of the Russian winter and very many of the Wehrmacht in Russia had not been equipped with proper winter clothing. The battle that raged around Smolensk had critically held up the advance of the Germans. Ironically for an army that was to suffer from the Russian winter, ‘Operation Typhoon’ started off in ideal weather conditions on October 2nd, 1941. Field Marshall von Bock had been given overall command of the attack on Moscow. Hitler had ordered that units in other parts of the Russian campaign be moved to Moscow – General Hoepner’s IV Panzer group had been moved from Leningrad – hence why the Germans did not have sufficient men to launch an attack on the city and why it had to be besieged. For the attack, Bock had at his disposal 1 million men, 1,700 tanks, 19,500 artillery guns and 950 combat aircraft – 50% of all the German men in Russia, 75% of all the tanks and 33% of all the planes. To defend Moscow, the Russians had under 500,000 men, less than 900 tanks and just over 300 combat planes. Hitler had made it clear to his generals what he wanted from them. Chief-of-Staff Halder wrote in his diary: “It is the Führer’s unshakable decision to raze Moscow and Leningrad to the ground, so as to be completely relieved  of the population of these cities, which we would otherwise have to feed through the winter. The task of destroying the cities is to be carried out by aircraft.” On October 12th, ten days into the attack by Bock’s Army Group Centre, he received a further order from German Supreme Command: “The Führer has reaffirmed his decision that the surrender of Moscow will not be accepted, even if it is offered by the enemy.” The order went on to instruct Bock that gaps could be left open for people in Moscow to escape into the interior of Russia where administrating them would cause chaos. The attack started well for the Germans. The Russians found it difficult to communicate with all parts of their defences and infantry divisions frequently had to face tanks without air or artillery support. By October 7th, even Marshall Zhukov was forced to admit that all the major roads to Moscow were open to the Germans. Large parts of the Red Army had been encircled at Vyazma (the 19th, 24th, 29th, 30th, 32nd and 43rd armies) and at two places near Bryansk (the 3rd, 13th and 50th armies) such was the ferocity of the German attack and the state of the Russian army then. Ironically, it was these armies that had been trapped near Vyazma and Bryansk that caused the Germans their first major problem in the attack on Moscow. The Germans could not simply leave nine Russian armies in their rear as they advanced east. They had to take on these trapped armies. By doing so, they slowed down their advance to Moscow to such an extent that the Red Army was given suf


Which company produces the fragrances 'Opium' and 'Kouros'?

Yves Saint Laurent Perfumes And Colognes Yves Saint Laurent perfumes and colognes Parent company: L'Oreal Yves Saint Laurent is the French fashion house founded by Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent. The house and designer are often abbreviated as YSL. Laurent's career in fashion began at the tender age of 17, when he served as assistant to Christian Dior. With Dior's death four years later, Laurent was named head of the house of Dior at just 21 years of age. Still a young man when the Algerian War of Independence broke out, Laurent was drafted into the army in 1960 and lost his position at Dior. Military service and despair over the loss of his design position resulted in a hospital stay. After a brief period of recuperation, Laurent started his own fashion company and went on to become one of the most influential fashion designers of the 1960s and 1970s. Laurent became known for his exquisitely-tailored women's suits, and is credited with creating the first women's tuxedo. The first designer to announce his expansion from couture into ready-to-wear, he is credited with making chic ready-to-wear fashions available to the mass market, and for making ready-to-wear a reputable business for designers. Laurent's ready-to-wear line was sold in boutiques named Rive Gauche, which would later be commemorated with a perfume. Yves Saint Laurent remained active as the collection's main designer through the late 1980s. After his retirement, a series of designers including Alber Elbaz, Tom Ford and Stefano Pilati have produced collections for the brand. Yves Saint Laurent passed away in 2008. Cosmetics and perfumes have long been included in the designer's offerings. The house's first fragrance, Y for women, was launched in 1964. Y and several other launches by YSL, including Rive Gauche (1970), Opium (1977), men's scent Kourous (1981), and Paris (1983) have become modern classics of the perfume world and remain best-sellers. The company continues to earn new fans with contemporary releases such as Baby Doll (2000), Elle (2007) and La Nuit de l'Homme (2009). YSL offers fragrances in conjunction with L'Oreal Group. Designer Yves Saint Laurent has 171 perfumes in our fragrance base. The earliest edition was created in 1964 and the newest is from 2017. Yves Saint Laurent fragrances were made in collaboration with perfumers Karine Dubreuil, Jean Amic, Ralf Schwieger, Cecile Matton, Jacques Cavallier, Olivier Cresp, Jean-Claude Ellena, Jean-Francois Latty, Pierre Bourdon, Annick Menardo, Michel Girard, Olivier Pescheux, Anne Flipo, Pierre Wargnye, Dominique Ropion, Olivier Polge, Carlos Benaim, Juliette Karagueuzoglo, Juliette Karagueuzoglou, Calice Becker, Alberto Morillas, Amandine Marie, Ilias Ermenidis, Carlos Benaïm, Loc Dong, Harry Fremont, Dora Baghriche-Arnaud, Honorine Blanc, Nathalie Lorson, Marie Salamagne, Jean-Louis Sieuzac, Sophia Grojsman, Laurent Bruyere, Sophie Labbe and Daniela (Roche) Andrier. Type a few letters to narrow the list:


Distances from Paris are measured from Kilometre Zero, at which building is this situated?

Continuity of the Centre: “Point Zéro” de la France – Centres and centralities (Jean-Joseph Expilly, Dictionnaire géographique, historique et politique des Gaules et de la France , 1762-1770, p.114)   Some centres persist, they transcend political and social changes and become part of everyday life. In this article we will see how an old historical centre can become a reference point in a new nation-state and a “point-zero” or an axis mundi for modern and post-modern communication systems. The case studied is the Point Zéro des Routes de la France, in Paris and just in front of Notre-Dame on the famous square which is called the Parvis de Notre-Dame (or the Parvis, too simply). FIGURE 1: Point Zéro des routes de France, the point of reference and beginning of French road network, situated in front of Notre-Dame in Paris   Point-Zéro des routes de France, a physical centre or route measure in France The Point Zéro is the official centre of the City of Paris and the point from which distances are measured in France. This centre is marked by a commemorative metal point on which we can read “POINT ZERO DES ROUTES DE FRANCE”. The Point Zéro is the beginning for national roads in France and for modern GPS French systems. This physical/functional entre of France has a high symbolic function: it is just in front of Notre-Dame, the cathedral of Paris, capital of the country. And it is in the Ile de la Cité, the seat of the first French kings and the oldest part of Paris and the seat of many central functions till today. This centre is not new, we will see, very briefly, the construction of the Point Zéro as the heart of France: A- From the Roman times to the reign of Louis XV: During the Roman Empire the Parvis was an open space just to the east of the city’s cardo maximus (actual rues St. Jacques, de la Cité and St. Martin) and a temple of Jupiter existed in the placement of actual Notre-Dame. before the end of the Roman Empire the site of the temple had become a basilica under the name of Saint Stephen. The basilica became a cathedral of a suffragan bishop when Paris became the seat of the Kingdom of the Franks and the Royal Palace was just to the west of the Ile de la Cité. The Parvis became the meeting and market-place of Paris with its location between the cathedral and the Royal quarters. Notre-Dame was built between 1163 and 1345. During these long centuries Paris became, more and more, the centre of the Kingdom of France and the seat of its royal government. The Parvis in front of Notre-Dame became one of the most important squares of the city. The new cathedral was a “lighthouse” than can be seen from far. This resulted in the Parvis before Notre-Dame to become the most central place of Paris, seen from outside the walls. FIGURE 2: The Parvis de Notre Dame, Paris, the square in which the Point Zéro is situated B- From the reign of Louis XV to the beginning of the XX Century: In 1768 the Chapter of Notre-Dame set a “triangular stone from which stems a stake carrying the arms of the Chapter” according to Father Jean-Joseph Expilly, a contemporary author and witness. This stone was designed as the beginning of all distances in France (Premier Mille) by Louis XV, king of France, in his letter patent of 22 April 1769. The Parvis was much smaller than it is today: so the stone was just in the middle of the square. The Ancien Régime of the kings fell under the protests of the people in 1789 but the spatial reference to the Point Zéro was kept intact. In fact the French Revolution began a gigantic project to centralise administration, transport, language, space and time on Paris. The Point Zéro served for the reference point of new constructions and new networks to be the formal centre of Paris, centre of the French Republic. The centrality of the Point Zéro continued to be functional under the Empire and the succeeding political systems. In 1831 Victor Hugo published one of his masterpieces around, Notre-Dame de Paris, and the Parvis is onmipresent in his novel as the “must” of the city of Paris for every and each kind of event


In the 'Goon Show', what is the name of the blustering major?

The Goon Show Site - Goons Characters Ned Seagoon Played by Harry Secombe An honest but gullible idiot, around whom the plot revolves. The patriotic Neddie is always willing to lay down his life for his country. He is often unemployed, some episodes begining with him accepting a new job which leads him into to trouble. Many jokes are made about his short yet rounded appearance. Catchphrases include "Hello folks", "Needle nardle noo", "What,what,what,what,what" and "I don't wish to know that". Major Dennis Bloodnok Played by Peter Sellers A corrupt military cad, pervert and idiot. Seagoon's former commanding officer who suffers terrible flatulence. Bloodnok is a total coward who will betray anyone or anything for money. Catchphrases include "Nurse the screens!" and "It was hell in there". Bluebottle Played by Peter Sellers A young, lustful boy scout with a squeaky voice who normally gets blown up in each episode. He is often a companion of Eccles and is willing to help anyone for sweets, although he frequently fails. Bluebottle is noted for using tools or weapons made from cardboard and string. He often reads his stage directions out loud and is always greeted with a deliberate round of applause from the audience. The character is based on real scout master with a squeaky voice. Catchphrases include "Enter Bluebottle, waits for applause...Not a sausage", "You rotten swine, you deaded me" and "I don't like this game". Eccles Played by Spike Milligan The Famous Eccles, complete and utter idiot. An amiable, well-meaning man with no wits or understanding. When people tell him to shut up, he frequently joins in and often goes on telling himself to shut up long after everyone else has given up. Eccles often finds himself helping Ned Seagoon alongside Bluebottle. His idiotic logic is considered to epitomize Goon humour. Catchphrases include "Hello der", "Fine, fine, fine", "I'm the famous Eccles" and "Shut up Eccles". Hercules Grytpype-Thynne Played by Peter Sellers A sleazy, well-educated and scheming cad. He generally collaborates with Count Moriarty to swindle Ned Seagoon. Catchphrases include "You silly twisted boy" and "Have a gorilla". Count Jim Moriarty Played by Spike Milligan Unscrupulous member of the French aristocracy who turned to crime to support his lifestyle. As The Goon Show developed, Moriarty decended from a ined criminal mastermind into a snivelling sidekick to Grytpype-Thynne. He is often found scavenging in dustbins looking for food and uttering meaningless foreign-sounding curses. Catchphrases include "Oooowwwww" and "Sapristi nabolis". Henry Crun Played by Peter Sellers An elderly idiot inventor and partner of Minnie Bannister. Rather decrepit and forgetful, he often struggles to keep pace with the action around him. Catchphrases include "You can't get the wood you know". Minnie Bannister Played by Spike Milligan A feeble old spinster with an interesting past. Minnie enjoys modern-type music and is as flirtatious as a girl a third her age. Catchphrases include "Henrrryyyyy" and "We'll all be murdered in our beds!". Other Characters A very camp and effeminate man, usually some type of official. Gladys Usually a secretary/personal assistant whose gender was questionable. Jim Spriggs Sometimes repeats his lines in falsetto song for no apparent reason. Calls everybody "Jim". Lew Played by Peter Sellers A fast talking showbiz agent, always trying to promote his terrible acts. Based upon Lew Grade, an influential Jewish showbusiness impresario and television executive. Little Jim A timid child with the single line, "He's fallen in the water". McGoonagall Played by Peter Sellers or Spike Milligan Terrible Scottish poet who summarizes the plot in an overstated manner. Inspired by the 19th century poet William McGonagall. Miss Throat Anything but a woman, with a very gravelly voice and the single line "Right mate". Various Tribal Chiefs Played by Ray Ellington Being the only black cast member, Ellington often played angry native chiefs. This was a time before political correctness! Willium Cobblers (or 'Mate') A


Which singer had a number 1 hit album in 2008 entitled 'Home Before Dark'?

Neil Diamond - Biography | Billboard Neil Diamond Brooklyn, NY 1941 In a career that began in the 1960s, Neil Diamond became a major recording artist, an internationally successful touring act, and a songwriter whose compositions produced hits for himself and others. His earliest recognition, in fact, came as a songwriter associated with the Brill Building era of Tin Pan Alley in the early '60s. But he soon branched out into recording and performing, and by the early '70s was topping the charts with the self-written singles "Cracklin' Rosie" and "Song Sung Blue." This enabled him to be one of the more noticeable figures in the singer/songwriter movement of the period, as he made a transition to more of an album artist and those albums began to earn gold and platinum certifications. He also developed into a dynamic concert performer, as demonstrated on his 1972 album Hot August Night. At the same time, however, his music became generally softer, which broadened his appeal while earning him opprobrium, when he was considered at all, by the rock critics who dominated pop music journalism. But his millions of fans didn't care about that, and they flocked to his shows and bought his albums in big numbers until well into the '80s. After that, while his concert tours continued to post high grosses, his record sales became more modest. Still, as of 2001, he claimed worldwide record sales of 115 million copies, and early in the 21st century, he ranked third, behind only Elton John and Barbra Streisand, on the list of the most successful adult contemporary artists in the history of the Billboard chart. Neil Leslie Diamond was born January 24, 1941, in Brooklyn, New York, the first of two sons born to Akeeba Diamond (known as Kieve), who operated and owned a series of dry goods stores in the New York City borough, and Rose (Rapoport) Diamond. Except for two years in the mid-'40s that the family spent in Wyoming while Akeeba Diamond served in the military, Diamond grew up in Brooklyn, albeit in changing locations as his father moved from store to store; he later claimed to have attended nine different schools and to have suffered socially as a result. He showed an early interest in music and took up singing and playing the guitar after seeing Pete Seeger perform at a camp he was attending as a teenager. In June 1958, he graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School, and that fall he enrolled at New York University, where he had won a fencing scholarship, as a premed student. But he seems to have spent much of his time writing songs and trying to place them at music publishing companies. He also formed a duo with Jack Packer, a friend of his younger brother's, and as Neil & Jack they signed a publishing contract with Allied Entertainment Corporation of America and a recording contract with its subsidiary, Duel Records. This resulted in the release of two singles, "You Are My Love"/"What Will I Do" in 1960 and "I'm Afraid"/"Till You've Tried Love" in 1961, Diamond's first commercially released recordings. (In 1996, he reissued "What Will I Do" on his box set In My Lifetime.) The discs were not successful, and Neil & Jack broke up when Packer enrolled at the Manhattan School of Music in January 1961. Diamond, meanwhile, had stopped attending NYU in 1960, but in 1961 he enrolled in the university's School of Commerce, where he maintained his student status until 1965. (Although many accounts of his life repeat the erroneous story that he dropped out of NYU in 1962 just short of earning an undergraduate degree, biographer Rich Wiseman learned the truth by consulting the university's records.) On his own, Diamond continued trying to break into the music business as a songwriter. In 1962, he briefly had a deal at Sunbeam Music, which published some of his songs, followed by a stint at Roosevelt Music. While he was there, an assignment came in from Dot Records to submit a follow-up to Pat Boone's novelty hit "Speedy Gonzales." Ten of the firm's writers eventually collaborated on a song, appropriately called "Ten Lonely Guys," which Boone recor


Glenridding stands at the southern end and Pooley Bridge at the northern end of which Lake District lake?

Maps & Directions | Ullswater 'Steamers' | Lake District | UK By Car to Glenridding Pier (Southern end of Ullswater) From Keswick: A66, A5091 to Aira Force, turn right onto Lake Road, Glenridding is 2 miles away. From the South: Only 8 miles from Ambleside via Kirkstone Pass to Glenridding and 12 miles from Bowness/Windermere (SatNav CA11 0US). Parking in Steamers Car Park or in the Village by Tourist Information Centre By Car to Pooley Bridge Pier (Northern end of Ullswater) From the North M6 J.40/A66 : Only 5 miles from Junction 40 on the M6 onto the A66, then onto the A592 to Pooley Bridge (SatNav CA10 2NN). Parking in Pooley Bridge Village and LDNP Car Parks within less than five minutes walk to the Pier. Drop off point/Bus Stop outside Pier House entrance. By Bus Links between Penrith, Pooley Bridge and Glenridding operate all year. Telephone Traveline on 0871 200 22 33 for wider public transport connections .Great savings when you visit with Stagecoach and the Bus & Boat Ticket and now you can link online with rail tickets. For timetable information click here  or view the Summer Lakes Connection Guide here. By Train First TransPennine Express and/or Virgin Trains, run direct train services to Penrith from London Euston, Birmingham, Manchester and Manchester Airport, Preston, Lancaster, Oxenholme, Carlisle, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Other services run trains from Newcastle to Penrith via Carlisle.


Which Russian composer 1844-1908, wrote the operas 'The Snow Maiden' and 'The Golden Cockerel'?

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 - 1908) Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai (1844-1908), was a celebrated Russian composer and music teacher. His symphonic suite Scheherazade (1888) ranks as one of the most popular orchestral works ever written. Rimsky-Korsakov became famous for his imaginative blend of orchestral sounds. Examples include Capriccio Espagnol (1887) and the Russian Easter Overture (1888). Rimsky-Korsakov based many of his 15 operas on Russian history and folklore. Only one of them, Le Coq d'Or (The Golden Cockerel, completed in 1907), won international fame. But his operas The Snow Maiden (1882), Sadko (1898), and Tsar Saltan (1900) are popular in the Soviet Union. Two of his most famous pieces come from his operas "Song of India" from Sadko and "The Flight of the Bumblebee" from Tsar Saltan. Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov was born in Tikhvin, near Novgorod. From 1856 to 1862,he attended the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg. In 1861, Rimsky-Korsakov met the composer Mily Balakirev and joined a group of young composers who later became known as The Five. This group, led by Balakirev, urged Russian composers to stress their national heritage in their music. In 1862, Rimsky-Korsakov sailed on a three-year naval cruise, during which he visited the United States. He completed his first symphony aboard ship. After returning to St. Petersburg in 1865, he revised the symphony under Balakirev's supervision. It had its first performance that same year. In 1871, Rimsky-Korsakov left the navy and joined the faculty of the St. Petersburg Conservatory. He realized that he knew almost no music theory, and so he taught himself counterpoint, harmony, and music form. He became one of the world's greatest music theorists. He taught several students who achieved fame as composers, including Sergei Prokofiev and Igor Stravinsky. Rimsky-Korsakov also edited and revised compositions that his friends Alexander Borodin and ModestMussorgsky had left unfinished when they died. Orchestras and opera companies usually perform Rimsky- Korsakov's version of Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov. Borodin's opera Prince Igor is usually performed in the version completed by Rimsky-Korsakov and the Russian composer Alexander Glazunov.


What name is given to the principal academic and administrative officer of a university?

University Management Management University Management The Vice-Chancellor and President is the Chief Executive Officer of the University and thus chief academic and administrative officer, and has responsibility for the development and implementation of institutional strategy and delivery. He is supported in this role by the Provost who leads on academic strategy and delivery, the Registrar and Chief Operating Officer who leads on administrative and commercial strategy and delivery, and the Group Finance Director who leads on financial strategy. However, as with all such structures, the informal lines of decision making and the sharing of responsibility for planning and strategy flatten the hierarchy. Institutional level decisions are initially made by a group comprising senior academics and the President of the Students’ Union, supported by senior administrators, who form the Senate Steering Committee which operates much along the lines of a weekly cabinet for the University. Chancellor The Chancellor is the ceremonial Head of the University, whose official duties are to confer degrees on behalf of the University. Beyond the formal and representational duties, the Chancellor plays a key role in the University’s life by promoting the work and ambitions of the University in the UK and overseas. The Chancellor also plays an important role in the development and fundraising activities of the University. Find out more about the Chancellor Vice-Chancellor and President The Vice-Chancellor and President is the chief academic and administrative officer of the University. The Statutes prescribe that he has ‘a general responsibility to the Council and the Senate for monitoring and promoting the efficiency and good order of the University’. The Vice-Chancellor and President is the ‘designated officer’, as specified in the HEFCE Financial Memorandum, responsible for ensuring that the University complies with the terms and conditions specified by the Funding Council for the use of Funding Council funds and may be called, with the Chief Executive of the Funding Council who is the accounting officer for the institutions funded by the Council, to give evidence before the Public Accounts Committee. The Vice-Chancellor and President is a member of all University committees and chairs the Senate and a number of committees of the Council and the Senate. Find out more about the Vice-Chancellor and President . Provost The Provost is appointed on a full-time basis for a fixed period by the Council after consultation with the Senate. Subject to the direction of the Vice-Chancellor and President, the Provost leads on academic strategy and delivery and performs such duties as the Vice-Chancellor and President may delegate to him in the light of University priorities. Find out more about the Provost . Registrar The Registrar, subject to the direction of the Vice-Chancellor and President, has responsibility under University Statutes for the administrative delivery of the University. The Registrar is supported by the following Senior Officers: Academic Registrar Director of Development, Communication and External Affairs Director of Human Resources Group Finance Director The Group Finance Director is responsible for financial strategy and overseeing all financial arrangements of the University. Find out more about the Group Finance Director . Pro-Vice-Chancellors The Pro-Vice-Chancellors are appointed on a part-time basis for fixed periods by the Council. The Pro Vice-Chancellors perform such duties as the Vice-Chancellor and Provost may delegate to them in the light of University priorities. To find out more about the primary policy responsibilities of the Pro Vice-Chancellors, please see the below link. Find out more about the Pro-Vice Chancellors Chairs of Faculty Boards The Chairs of the Faculty Boards support senior managers of the University. They are part-time elected positions and the appointment is made annually for a period of up to three years. The exception to this is the Board of the Faculty of Medicine where the Dean of the Warwick M


Name the 14 year old British girl who won the Wimbledon Girl's Championship in 2008.

Wimbledon: A British tennis hero - but beware the hype | Sport | The Guardian Wimbledon: A British tennis hero - but beware the hype Experts sound warning after Laura, 14, wins junior title, watched by 4.5m people Sunday 6 July 2008 19.01 EDT First published on Sunday 6 July 2008 19.01 EDT Share on Messenger Close There was a curious mixture of the mundane and the extraordinary yesterday in the life of Laura Robson , Britain's new great tennis hope. The 14-year-old spent the morning after her victory in the Wimbledon girls' singles championship helping her mum with chores - before being chauffeured to the champions' ball for another taste of life in the spotlight. But even as Robson chose her party gown, former players and current coaches warned of the dangers of loading too much expectation on such young shoulders. Virginia Wade, the last Briton to win Wimbledon , in 1977, said: "The media want to latch on to someone who shows great promise but this whole thing is what upsets the applecart with the British players." Carl Maes, the Lawn Tennis Association's head of women's tennis, accepted that Robson was "exceptional" now but insisted that did not mean she would be exceptional when she was 16. He said players who found themselves in the headlines at a young age did not tend to have long careers and the expectations swirling around her were "scary". He hinted that Robson would keep a low profile for the next couple of months. Robson's mother, Kathy, a former professional basketball player, said she had no illusions about how sporting success was achieved. "Playing tournaments and working hard," she said. "It's a lonely place out there, and she has to learn to cope with that." Television viewing figures for Robson's victory highlight just how desperate Britain is for a tennis hero. An average of 4.5 million people watched her win, a million more than tuned in for Venus and Serena Williams slugging it out for the senior title. And as soon as she lifted the trophy, the hype began in earnest. Bookmakers William Hill slashed the odds on Robson winning the senior Wimbledon title before 2020 and also offered fairly short odds on her being BBC sports personality of the year. Marketing experts said commercial deals would come raining down. It is not just that she is a good player; she is also a charmer, joking about thrashing Venus Williams if she is given a wild card into next year's main draw and giggling about asking the Russian tennis star Marat Safin, who is twice her age, to the ball. Asked what advice she had for Robson, Venus Williams, who won the women's title for the fifth time, said: "Keep your eye on the ball and nothing else." The last Briton to make it to a Wimbledon junior final was Miles Kasiri, who lost in 2004. Afterwards, Kasiri was plagued by injuries. He is currently rated 610 in the world. The last British girl to win the junior title, Annabel Croft in 1984, was tipped for the top but retired aged 21, hating the loneliness of the tour.


Which river forms part of the border between Namibia and South Africa?

Rivers of Southern Africa Rivers of Southern Africa Written by Sarah Scott Southern Africa is famous for its cultures, wildlife and spectacularly varied landscapes; all of these converge on, and are fed by, its magnificent rivers. Here is only the briefest look at a few of the greats.   Tugela River   Drawing its name from the Zulu "thukela", meaning "startling" or "fearsome", the Tugela river has borne witness to many battles in the Anglo-Zulu and Boer Wars.  It is the largest river in Kwa Zulu Natal, and spills nearly a kilometer down the world's second tallest waterfall, the Tugela Falls. Hiking trails lead to the height of the falls at the top of the Drakensberg escarpment, offering magnificent views of the river's five-tier drop into the Tugela Gorge. From there the river offers everything from rapids with names like "Rocky Horror" and "Washing Machine" for kayacking and rafting enthusiasts, to tranquil swimming and bird watching. On the banks of the Tugela, the Harold and Johnson Nature Reserve offers over 200 bird species, and a "Muthi" trail, which details the traditional medicinal plants of the Zulus. Summer rainfall makes November through April the best time for rafting but KwaZulu Natal's sub-tropical climate means great weather all year round.   Orange River   Originally the Gariep River (Nama, meaning "Great River), renamed by settlers after William of Orange, the Orange River is the largest and longest river in South Africa. Rising as the Senqu River in the Drakensberg Mountains in Lesotho, it flows Westwards across South Africa, forming part of the border between South Africa and Namibia, and is responsible for the rich diamond deposits along the Namibian coast. The Orange River covers some 2 200km, passing through the Richtersveld semi-desert, the Kalahari and the Namib. In the Northern Cape it drops 56m down the Augrabies falls, and then runs 18km through the stark ravines of the Orange River Gorge. From the Khoi "Aukoerebis" which means "place of great noise", the Augrabies falls descend into an almost inaccessible pool, where legends have it a giant monster lives, guarding a wealth of alluvial diamonds. The Orange River is a favourite for rafting and kayaking, with numerous companies offering organised trips. In the lower reaches the landscape varies from spectacular mountain ranges to wind swept dunes. Luxury accommodation is available, although camping is free almost anywhere along the river.   Limpopo or Crocodile River   Rudyard Kipling described it as "the great, grey-green greasy Limpopo ...  all set about with fever trees". Rising as the Crocodile in Witwatersrand, the Limpopo skirts the borders of Botswana and Zimbabwe to empty itself from the coast of Mozambique.  It moves from arid landscapes to densely forested regions – and it forms the northern border of the Kruger National Park, the world-famous home of the big five, as well as a staggering array of other wildlife. At the meeting point of Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa lie the ruins of the great Kingdom of Mapungubwe. The ruins chronicle the existence of a prosperous Iron Age society in the Limpopo River Valley some 1000 years ago. Where it passes through the Khalahari the surrounds are dry, and the river unreliable. It gains much of its flow from its main tributary, the Olifants River, and below this the Limpopo is permanently navigable to the sea. In the lush lower reaches it provides water for nearby villages and irrigation for farming.   The Zambezi   In Zambia, the Tonga people believe a spirit called Nyami Nyami (literally "Meat Meat") inhabits the Zambezi River, providing them with fish to eat and water for crops. According to legend, Nyami Nyami was separated from his wife by the construction midway along the river of the Kariba Dam, and no longer shows his face to man. The Kariba and Cabora Bassa Dams provide electricity to Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa respectively. The Zambezi River is the fourth longest river in Africa. Springing from the earth between the roots of a tree in a corner of North West Zambia, it flows thr


Which Danish born physicist won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922 and devised an atomic model?

Niels Bohr - Biographical Niels Bohr The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Niels Bohr Share this: Niels Bohr - Biographical Niels Henrik David Bohr was born  in Copenhagen on October 7, 1885, as the son of Christian Bohr,  Professor of Physiology at Copenhagen University, and his wife Ellen, née Adler. Niels, together with his younger brother  Harald (the future Professor in Mathematics), grew up in an  atmosphere most favourable to the development of his genius - his  father was an eminent physiologist and was largely responsible  for awakening his interest in physics while still at school, his  mother came from a family distinguished in the field of  education. After matriculation at the Gammelholm Grammar School in 1903, he  entered Copenhagen University where he came under the guidance of  Professor C. Christiansen, a profoundly original and highly  endowed physicist, and took his Master's degree in Physics in  1909 and his Doctor's degree in 1911. While still a student, the announcement by the Academy of  Sciences in Copenhagen of a prize to be awarded for the solution  of a certain scientific problem, caused him to take up an  experimental and theoretical investigation of the surface tension  by means of oscillating fluid jets. This work, which he carried  out in his father's laboratory and for which he received the  prize offered (a gold medal), was published in the Transactions  of the Royal Society, 1908. Bohr's subsequent studies, however, became more and more  theoretical in character, his doctor's disputation being a purely  theoretical piece of work on the explanation of the properties of  the metals with the aid of the electron theory, which remains to  this day a classic on the subject. It was in this work that Bohr was first confronted with the implications of Planck's quantum  theory of radiation. In the autumn of 1911 he made a stay at Cambridge, where he  profited by following the experimental work going on in the  Cavendish  Laboratory under Sir J.J.  Thomson's guidance, at the same time as he pursued own  theoretical studies. In the spring of 1912 he was at work in Professor  Rutherford's laboratory in Manchester, where just in those  years such an intensive scientific life and activity prevailed as  a consequence of that investigator's fundamental inquiries into  the radioactive phenomena. Having there carried out a theoretical  piece of work on the absorption of alpha rays which was published  in the Philosophical Magazine, 1913, he passed on to a  study of the structure of atoms on the basis of Rutherford's  discovery of the atomic nucleus. By introducing conceptions  borrowed from the Quantum Theory as established by Planck, which  had gradually come to occupy a prominent position in the science  of theoretical physics, he succeeded in working out and  presenting a picture of atomic structure that, with later  improvements (mainly as a result of Heisenberg's ideas in 1925),  still fitly serves as an elucidation of the physical and chemical  properties of the elements. In 1913-1914 Bohr held a Lectureship in Physics at Copenhagen  University and in 1914-1916 a similar appointment at the Victoria  University in Manchester. In 1916 he was appointed Professor of  Theoretical Physics at Copenhagen University, and since 1920  (until his death in 1962) he was at the head of the Institute for  Theoretical Physics, established for him at that  university. Recognition of his work on the structure of atoms came with the  award of the Nobel Prize for 1922. Bohr's activities in his Institute were since 1930 more and more  directed to research on the constitution of the atomic nuclei,  and of their transmutations and disintegrations. In 1936 he  pointed out that in nuclear processes the smallness of the region  in which interactions take place, as well as the strength of  these interactions, justify the transition processes to be  described more in a classical way than in the case of atoms (Cf.  »Neutron capture and nuclear constitution«, Nature, 137 (1936) 34


What is Dhal? (with pictures) What is Dhal? Last Modified Date: 19 December 2016 Copyright Protected: Top 10 unbelievable historical concurrencies When dining in an Indian restaurant, most people have seen dhal on the menu. It is a dish made of long-cooked “pulses,” or lentils . These pulses are usually split and hulled and cooked with clarified butter, or ghee , and spices until they make a thick stew. Dhal is a main dish in India and Pakistan, and certainly one of the most popular. Pulses are inexpensive, which makes the stew common among all classes of people. The dish is made with the aforementioned pulses, or lentils, and spices such as cumin , cayenne, garlic , and garam masala , and is made with a thick soupy consistency. It is then served with naan (flatbread) or over rice. It can be a side dish or a main dish and is an ethnic food that can be adjusted to the cook’s tastes. Dhal is often a mainstay in vegetarian diets because it is so versatile and such a good source of protein. It can be cooked with spinach or coconut , with green peppers or cheese. In Indian restaurants that feature a buffet , the dish may be offered with any of these ingredients. Ad The secret to good dhal is the same as with cooking any bean: long, slow cooking times. It could be made in a slow-cooker or on top of the stove. The dish should be cooked a minimum of three hours, and perhaps six or seven in a slow-cooker. Cooked portions may be frozen and reheated, if the cook wants to make the most of the long cooking time and make batches in bulk. It is cooked like most beans: cooks should add enough water to cover the pulses, turn the heat on low, and start the cooking process. The pulses should be rinsed and sorted, as with other beans, beforehand they are added. As with other beans, dhal makes its own “ gravy ,” and this should not be discarded. It is nutritious and is eaten right along with the pulses. Indian lentils may be black, brown, red, yellow, or pink, creating a dish that can be as colorful as it is delicious. The lentils are available at some supermarkets, and often in Asian markets that sell Indian ingredients. Ad literally45 Post 10 I can't get ghee where I am right now. Can I replace ghee with regular butter or will that change the flavor of the dhal? burcidi Post 9 @Ivan83-- Yea, they do. There really are so many types of dhal made of different beans and even those are split into different categories based on color. For example, for moong dhal, there is green moong and yellow moong. Masoor dhal can be either red or green. Urad dhal also has different varieties. I don't know how to describe the flavors to you but my favorite dhal is red masoor dal. It's very fragrant and creamy when cooked. They're all good but this is the one I enjoy the most. Ivan83 Post 8 Whenever I go into an ethnic food store I notice how many different varieties of dhal there are. Do they really all taste different? ZsaZsa56 Post 7 I have been a vegetarian for most of my life, so I have learned to seek out Indian restaurants when I want to get a great meal out. Indian culture has a lot of respect for vegetarians and there are dozens of delicious variations of dhal that have no meat at all. I like to make a simplified version at home that combines lentils, mushrooms, carrots, onions, lots of garlic and curry powder. It is a cheap, simple, and absolutely delicious meal that is also super healthy. clippers Post 6 I have been a vegetarian for almost 20 years so I naturally gravitate towards Indian food. Their's is one of the most vegetarian friendly cuisines in the world and the range of boldly flavored meatless dishes is amazing. So of course I ave eaten a lot of dhal in my life. It still amazes me what a delicious and versatile dish this is. profess Post 5 I love to get dhal when I go out to eat at an Indian restaurant but I have never tried making it myself. Does anyone have a good simple recipe that I could try? donasmrs Post 4 @ysmina-- My roommate uses a yellow lentil called "urad dal." But you can use any kind of lentil you have at home. I have seen dha


Which newspaper was founded in 1909, merged with the Daily Graphic and finally closed and merged with the Daily Mail in 1971?

Available Newspapers at Bygone News - Original Newspapers from 1900 Available Newspapers List of Newspapers available at Bygone News Bygone News has a wide selection of well know newspapers, Sunday newspapers and also a collection of regional and specialist newspapers. Below is a list of all the newspapers we have in stock, including the well known papers such as The Times, Daily Telegraph and The Independent. If you are interested to purchase a newspaper from a specific date, then please have a look at our Newspapers section in our store. Here you can choose what gift package best suits your need, from a Standard Newspaper , Deluxe Gift Box , Personalised Newspaper and much more. Once you have picked the option, then simply select the date that you desire and see what Newspapers are available. To find out more about the newspapers we have, please call Bygone News on our freephone number 0800 138 0990 or message us via our Contact Us page. Daily Newspapers Birmingham Mail Bristol Evening Post The Bristol Evening Post was Launched in 1932, covering the whole of Bristol, Northern Somerset and South Gloucestershire. Bristol Times & Mirror Local Bristol Newspaper. British Gazette The British Gazette newspaper was published by the Government during the General Strike of 1926. Daily Express Daily Express was launched on 24th April 1900 by C. Arthur Pearson. First national daily to put news on the front page. Daily Express - Eire Edition Daily Express was launched on 24th April 1900 by C. Arthur Pearson. First national daily to put news on the front page. Daily Express - Ulster Edition Daily Express was launched on 24th April 1900 by C. Arthur Pearson. First national daily to put news on the front page. Daily Graphic Daily Graphic was launched on 4th January 1890, first daily illustrated paper. Absorbed with the Daily Sketch in 1946, then merged with the Daily Mail in 1971. Daily Herald Daily Herald launched on 25th January 1911. First newspaper to sell two million copies, renamed to The Sun on 15th September 1964. Daily Mail Daily Mail was launched on 4th May 1896 by Alfred Harmsworth, was a broadsheet size until 1st May 1971. Daily Mirror Daily Mirror was launched on 2nd November 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth. First daily illustrated exclusively with photographs. Daily News The Daily News was launched in 1846, it’s first editor was Charles Dickens, it finally merged with the Daily Chronicle in 1930 and renamed itself the News Chronicle. Daily Record The Daily Record was founded in 1985 and is a Scottish tabloid newspaper based in Glasgow. Daily Sketch Daily Sketch was launched on 2nd March 1909. Absorbed by its sister paper the Daily Graphic in 1946 then merged with the Daily Mail in 1971. Daily Star Daily Star was launched on 2nd November 1978. Daily Telegraph Daily Telegraph was launched on 29th June 1855 Financial Times The Financial Times was launched in 1888. The Guardian Manchester Guardian was launched on 5th May 1821 founded by John Edward Taylor, changes title to the Guardian on 24th August 1959, then moved to London in 1961. Herald Express Herald Express was launched on 13th July 1925 covering the Tobay area. Illustrated London News The Illustrated London News was launched in 1842,the world's first illustrated weekly newspaper. It was published weekly until 1971. The Independent Daily Sketch was launched on 2nd March 1909. Absorbed by its sister paper the Daily Graphic in 1946 then merged with the Daily Mail in 1971. Irish Daily Mirror Daily Mirror was launched on 2nd November 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth. First daily illustrated exclusively with photographs. Leicester Evening Mail Yorkshire Post Sunday Newspapers Empire News The Empire News was launched in 1884 but called The Umpire based in Manchester. In 1917 it was renamed the Empire News, 1955 it merged with the Sunday Chronicle and then finally merged it into the News of the World in 1960. Independent on Sunday Independent on Sunday was launched on 28th January 1990. Irish Sunday Mirror Daily Mirror was launched on 2nd November 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth. First daily


Which South American soldier and statesman was also known as 'The Liberator'?

Simon Bolivar: Liberator of South America - ★ Esoteric Astrology articles and essays Simon Bolivar: Liberator of South America Leave a comment Simon Bolivar: Liberator of South America (1783-1830) July 24, 1783, Caracas, Venezuela, 10:00 PM, LMT. (Source: recorded) Died of tuberculosis, December 17, 1830, near Santa Marta, Colombia. If one gives credit to the validity of the Sabian Symbols there is one symbol which is extraordinary evocative and would require a birth from 9:56:04 PM to 9:59:26 PM, because it would read, A cameo profile of a man in the outline of his country. (Ascendant, Aries with Mars rising in Aries; MC, Capricorn with Saturn in Capricorn conjunct the MC and Jupiter also in Capricorn; Sun in Leo; Moon in Gemini; Mercury conjunct Uranus in Cancer; Venus in Virgo; Neptune in Libra conjunct DSC; Pluto in Aquarius) Simon Bolivar was a great South American soldier, statesman and revolutionary who came to be known as El Libertador (The Liberator). In the early part of the nineteenth century he led the revolt against Spanish Rule. After successfully leading eventually revolts in New Granada (Gran Columbia, including Venezuela, Ecuador and Columbia) He became the president (in fact the dictator) of both Columbia and Peru. His over-arching goal was to unite and independent South America into a federation of cooperative countries. While he successfully drove the Spanish from northern South America, the unions he created were fragile and were eventually destroyed from within. Though his dream of a united South America was not realized, his vision set the tone for great political and social progress in the South American Continent, and he is honored today as South Americans greatest revolutionary and the father of South American independence. The chart proposed seems reasonably accurate, though may need some fine tuning. Bolivars father died when he was three years old, and in that year, the progressed Ascendant had moved into the same degree as rising Mars. As well there were three solar eclipses: one on his Pluto in Aquarius, one on his Sun and one, later on his MC. This is a formidable array of eclipses touching very sensitive points in the chart and more powerful because they are solar eclipses. Such indications are most suitable for the death of a parent. Sun       SEcl                 (X)       Tr-Tr    Jan 30 1786 NS             11:45    10°Aq28′ D       Sun       SEcl                 (X)       Tr-Tr    Jul 25 1786 NS              17:46    02°Le26′ D       Sun       SEcl                 (X)       Tr-Tr    Dec 21 1786 NS            02:06    29°Sg05′ D Further when Bolivars mother died six years later there was a solar eclipse very close to his Ascendant. Sun       SEcl                 (X)       Tr-Tr    Mar 23 1792 NS            02:57    02°Ar49′ D The second solar eclipse of this nature occurred in the year 1819the year in which Bolivar conducted one of the most daring and brilliant campaigns in military history, marching his small army through flood-swept planes and through treacherous, icy mountain passes considered by the Spanish as impassible. The audacity of this exploit was extraordinary. The Spanish were taken completely by surprise. The royalist army surrendered to Bolivar. It was a turning point in the history of northern South America. It is no surprise, then, to find another solar eclipse within a degree of so of the proposed Ascendant and transiting Jupiter hovering in the vicinity of the progressed MC. Sun       SEcl                 (X)       Tr-Tr    Mar 26 1819 NS            08:44    04°Ar30′ D This same kind of fateful solar eclipse appearing at Bolivars Ascendant was repeated in the year of his death in 1830. The Ascendant indicates the direction which the Solar Angel would have the personality follow if the incarnation is to be considered successful. The Solar Angel is a solar Angel, and solar eclipses appear especially related to the will of that guiding Angel as it influences the incarnated life of its personality. Sun       SEcl                 (X)       Tr-Tr    Mar 24 1830 NS


After which legendary character is the airport at Finningley near Doncaster named?

BBC NEWS | UK | England | South Yorkshire | Airport to be named 'Robin Hood' Airport to be named 'Robin Hood' An artist's impression of the new terminal building Britain's newest airport is to be named after legendary hero Robin Hood. The name Robin Hood Doncaster Sheffield has been given to the ï¿½80m development at the former RAF base in Finningley, near Doncaster, South Yorkshire. Robin Hood, who spent much of his life in the Doncaster area, shot ahead of other famous people with local links. Naturalist Charles Darwin, Second World War fighter pilot Douglas Bader and pioneering aviator Amy Johnson were among the leading contenders. The government gave the green light for the former RAF Finningley to be converted into a civilian airport last April. Global recognition Scheduled to open in spring 2005, the airport will cater for 2.3m passengers and 50,000 tonnes of freight each year by 2014. The 900-acre airport and business zone site is owned by Peel Airports Limited, the company that broke new ground in 2002 by renaming Liverpool airport Liverpool John Lennon Airport. Peel Airports chairman Robert Hough said: "Robin Hood is a well-known and well-loved character the world over, and one who is undeniably associated with this part of the country. "Peel wants the airport to be known for first-class security, safety and efficiency, but we also want to inject an element of fun and enjoyment into the travellers' experience. "The Robin Hood brand will enable us to inform people about what the area has to offer, as well as providing a 'personality' for the airport."


Name the 14 year old boy who dived for Britain at the 2008 Olympic games?

More Proof that Diving is the Gayest Sport in the Olympics More Proof that Diving is the Gayest Sport in the Olympics It's the men who are the bitches. Blake Aldridge sounds like a nasty little queen. "Tom Daley's Olympic dreams descended into acrimony and farce when the 14-year-old had to reprimand his 26-year-old synchronised diving partner, Blake Aldridge, for speaking to his mother on his mobile phone during the final in the Water Cube. The fallout continued after the pair finished a disappointing eighth and last when Aldridge refused to take any blame for their lacklustre display and pointed the finger firmly at Daley for succumbing to nerves. "Tom was very, very nervous, more so than ever before, and I think he really struggled to get through the competition," Aldridge said. "I'm not disappointed with my performance at all. I landed on my head on every single dive, which is what my aim was. I could have dived better, but it was hard work for me today." Aldridge also revealed that Daley had snapped at him for talking to his mother on the phone before their final dive. Bizarrely, Aldridge told the story to illustrate Daley's tetchiness during the competition and was apparently blind to the fact that Daley may have been right to question the wisdom of talking to one's mother during an Olympic final. "I was trying to calm him down but he had a pop at me before the last dive," Aldridge said. "When we were sitting down I saw my mum in the audience and I asked her to give me a call but Tom went to me, 'What are you on the phone for? We're in a competition and we've got another dive to do.' "That is just Thomas being over-nervous. That's how it was today. Tom should not be worrying about what I'm doing. Today he was worrying about everyone and everything, and that for me is really the sole reason why he didn't perform today." Asked about Aldridge's phone call during the competition, British Diving performance director Steve Foley said: "I agree it's unusual and strange timing, and it tells me they were under stress and pressure." That pressure was reflected in the pair's points total of 408.48, way below their best of 446, which would have won bronze. Victory went to the Chinese with 468.18 points. "I wasn't on the top of my game but I outdived Thomas today, and that's not something that normally happens," Aldridge said. "That to me is because Tom had a lot more pressure on him than I did." by Anonymous


A 'Tiler' is the name given to a door-keeper of which sort of institution?

Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry - O N  |  O  |  P  |  Q  |  R  |  S  |  T  |  U  |  V  |  W  |  X  |  Y  |  Z O The fifteenth letter in the  English and in most of the Western alphabets The corresponding letter in the  Hebrew and Phenician alphabets was called lye, that is, eye; the primitive  form of the Phenieian letter being the rough picture of an eye, or a circle  With a dot in the center. This dot will he observed in ancient manuscripts,  but being dropped the circle forms the letter O. The numerical value is 70,  and in Hebrew is formed thus, y, the hieroglyphic being a plant, as well as at  times a circle or an eye. * OAK APPLE, SOCIETY OF THE Instituted about 1658, and  lapsed under the disturbances in England during the reign of James II, but it  lingered among the Stuart adherents for many years. * OANNES The earliest instructor of man  in letters sciences, and arts, especially in architecture, geometry, botany.  and agriculture, and in all other useful Knowledge, was the fish-god Oannes,  according to ancient mythology. This universal teacher, according to Berossus,  appeared in the Persian Gulf, bordering on Babylonia, and, although an animal,  was endowed with reason and great knowledge. The usual appearance of the  creature was that of a fish, having a human head beneath that of a fish, and  feet like unto a man. This personage conversed with men during the day, but  never ate with them. At Kouyunjik there was a colossal statue of the fish-god  Oannes. The following is from the Book of Enoch (volume ii, page 514): "The  Masons hold their grand festival on the day of Saint John, not knowing that  therein they merely signify the fish-god Oannes, the first Hermes and the  first founder of the Mysteries, the first messenger to whom the Apocalypse was  given, and whom they ignorantly confound with the fabulous author of the  common Apocalypse. The sun is then (midsummer day) in its greatest altitude.  In this the Naros is commemorated." * OATH In the year 1738. Clement XII,  at that time Pope of Rome, issued a Bull of Excommunication against the  Freemasons, and assigned, as the reason of his condemnation, that the  Institution confederated persons of all religions and sects in a mysterious  bond of union, and compelled them to secrecy by an oath taken on the Bible,  accompanied by certain ceremonies, and the imprecation of heavy punishments.  This persecution of the Freemasons, on account of their having an obligatory  promise of secrecy among their ceremonies, has not been confined to the Papal  See. We shall find it existing in a sect which five should supposes of all  others, the least likely to follow in the footsteps of a Roman Pontiff. In  1757, the Associate Synod of Seceders of Scotland adopted an Act, concerning  what they called the Mason Oath, in which it is declared that all persons who  shall refuse to make such revelations as the Kirk Sessions may require, and to  promise to abstain from all future connection with the Order, "shall be  reputed under scandal and incapable of admission to sealing ordinances," or as  Pope Clement expressed it, be ipso facto (because of that fact)  excommunicated. In the Preamble to the Sect,  the Synod assign the reasons for their objections to this oath, and for their  ecclesiastical censure of all who contract it These reasons are: That there were very strong  presumptions that among Masons an oath of Secrecy is administered to entrants  into their society, even under a capital penalty and before any of those  things which they swear to; keep secret be revealed to them: find that they  pretend to take some of these secrets from the Bible: besides other things  which are ground of scruple in the manner of swearing the said oath. These have, from that day to  this, constituted the sum and substance of the objections to the obligation of  Masonic secrecy, and. for the purpose of brief examination, they may be  classed under the following heads: 1. It is an oath .


Which company produces the fragrances 'Escape' and 'Eternity'?

Calvin Klein - Buy Online at Perfume.com Calvin Klein Cart Calvin Klein Perfume                       and Calvin Klein Cologne The first thing you think about when you say "perfume" is Calvin Klein, who has redefined the fragrance world with his Calvin Klein perfumes and Calvin Klein colognes lines . In the 80's and 90’s Calvin Klein redefined the notion of perfumes but making them hip and trendy to the masses. If was soon cool to be wearing a CK scent and his innovative marketing and great fragrance lines propelled his scents to be the most popular lines for the past 30 years. Calvin Klein fragrance hold tight to what ... Read More ... Read More defines him as a designer; which is youthfulness and boldness as you can see on his spokesmen and women and perfume ads. In the 80’s, Klein took jeans to a designer status and in the early 1990s, he launched his revolutionary perfumes: Obsession and Eternity. In the 90’s everyone has to have either Obsession or Eternity and with tremendous success that led the brand that bears his name to fame and the CK fragrance line. Klein was the leader when it came to fragrance royalty and he started a new trend of introducing unisex scents like CK One which was inspired by the growing equality between young men and women in modern America. Women's Calvin Klein


Which weekly newspaper was founded by Robert Maxwell in 1990 and folded in 1998 when owned by the Barclay brothers?

History of Newspapers by the NMA William Caxton sets up the first English printing press in Westminster. 1549 First known English newsletter: Requests of the Devonshyre and Cornyshe Rebelles. 1621 First titled newspaper, Corante, published in London. 1649 Cromwell suppressed all newsbooks on the eve of Charles I's execution. 1690 Worcester Postman launched. (In 1709 it starts regular publication as Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered to be the oldest surviving English newspaper). 1702 Launch of the first regular daily newspaper: The Daily Courant. 1709 First Copyright Act; Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered the oldest surviving English newspaper, started regular publication. 1712 First Stamp Act; advertisement, paper and stamp duties condemned as taxes on knowledge. Stamford Mercury believed to have been launched. 1717 The Kentish Post and Canterbury Newsletter launched. It took on its current name, Kentish Gazette, in 1768. 1718 Leeds Mercury started (later merged into Yorkshire Post). 1737 Belfast News Letter founded (world's oldest surviving daily newspaper). 1748 Aberdeen Journal began (Scotland's oldest newspaper - now the Press & Journal). 1772 Hampshire Chronicle launched, Hampshire's oldest paper. 1788 Daily Universal Register (est. 1785) became The Times. 1791 Harmsworth (then Northcliffe) bought The Observer. 1906 Newspaper Proprietors Association founded for national dailies. 1907 National Union of Journalists founded as a wage-earners union. 1915 Rothermere launched Sunday Pictorial (later Sunday Mirror). 1922 Death of Northcliffe. Control of Associated Newspapers passed to Rothermere. 1928 Northcliffe Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of Associated Newspapers. Provincial Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of United Newspapers. 1931 Audit Bureau of Circulations formed. 1936 Britain's first colour advertisement appears (in Glasgow's Daily Record). 1944 Iliffe took over BPM Holdings (including Birmingham Post). 1946 Guild of British Newspaper Editors formed (now the Society of Editors). 1953 General Council of the Press established. 1955 Month-long national press strike. Daily Record acquired by Mirror Group. 1959 Manchester Guardian becomes The Guardian. Six-week regional press printing strike. 1960 Photocomposition and web-offset printing progressively introduced. 1964 The Sun launched, replacing Daily Herald. Death of Beaverbrook. General Council of the Press reformed as the Press Council. 1969 Murdoch's News International acquired The Sun and News of the World. 1976 Nottingham Evening Post is Britain's first newspaper to start direct input by journalists. 1978 The Times and The Sunday Times ceased publication for 11 months. 1980 Association of Free Newspaper founded (folded 1991). Regional Newspaper Advertising Bureau formed. 1981 News International acquired The Times and the Sunday Times. 1983 Industrial dispute at Eddie Shah's Messenger group plant at Warrington. 1984 Mirror Group sold by Reed to Maxwell (Pergamon). First free daily newspaper, the (Birmingham) Daily News, launched by husband & wife team Chris & Pat Bullivant. 1986 News International moved titles to a new plant at Wapping. Eddie Shah launchedToday, first colour national daily launched. The Independent launched. 1987 News International took over Today. 1988 RNAB folded. Newspaper Society launched PressAd as its commercial arm. Thomson launched Scotland on Sunday and Sunday Life. 1989 Last Fleet Streetpaper produced by Sunday Express. 1990 First Calcutt report on Privacy and Related Matters. Launch of The European (by Maxwell) and Independent on Sunday. 1991 Press Complaints Commission replaced the Press Council. AFN folded. Death of Robert Maxwell (November). Management buy-out of Birmingham Post and sister titles. Midland Independent Newspapers established. 1992 Management buy-out by Caledonian Newspapers of Lonrho's Glasgow titles, The Herald and Evening Times. 1993 Guardian Media Group bought The Observer. UK News set up by Northcliffe and Westminster Press as rival news agency to the Press Association. Second Calcutt report into s