Virginia Hensley was the real name of which 50's and 60's singer?

Music Stars Real Names Movie Lists Music Stars Real Names Here is an alphabetical list of the most popular music stars from past to present and what their real or full names really are. Edited By: Lew Johnny Ace - John Alexander Jr. Adele - Adele Laurie Blue Adkins Clay Aiken - Clayton Holmes Grissom Akon - Aliaune Damala Bouga Time Puru Nacka Lu Lu Lu Badara Akon Thiam Lily Allen - Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper Gregg Allman (Allman Brothers Band) - Gregory Lenoir Allman Tori Amos - Myra Ellen Amos apl.de.ap (The Black Eyed Peas) - Allan Pineda Lindo Fiona Apple - Fiona Apple Maggart Trey Anastasio (Phish) - Ernest Joseph Anastasio III André 3000 (Outkast) - André Lauren Benjamin Adam Ant - Stuart Leslie Goddard Little Anthony - Anthony Gourdine Marc Anthony - Marco Antonio Muniz Ashanti - Ashanti Shaquoya "Shani Bani" Douglas Frankie Avalon - Francis Thomas Avallone Avicii - Tim Bergling Joan Baez - Joan Chandos Baez Ginger Baker - Peter Edward Baker LaVern Baker - Delores Williams Hank Ballard (Hank Ballard and the Midnighters) - John Henry Kendricks Afrika Bambaataa - Kevin Donovan Syd Barrett (Pink Floyd) - Roger Keith Barrett Len Barry - Leonard Borrisoff Ol' Dirty Bastard (rap artist) - Russell Tyrone Jones Beck - Bek David Campbell Jeff Beck - Geoffery Arnold Beck Captain Beefheart - Don Van Vliet Harry Belafonte - Harold George Belafonte Pat Benatar - Patricia Andrejewski Tony Bennett - Anthony Dominick Benedetto Brook Benton - Benjamin Franklin Pierre Dickey Betts (Allman Brothers Band) - Forrest Richard Betts Beyonce - Beyonce Giselle Knowles Jello Biafra (Dead Kennedys) - Eric Reed Boucher Bo Bice - Harold Elwin Bice, III Birdy - Jasmine Lucilla Elizabeth Jennifer van den Bogaerde Bjork - Bjork Gudmundsdottir Big Boi (Outkast) - Antwan André Patton Marc Bolan (T-Rex) - Marc Feld Michael Bolton - Michael Bolotin The Big Bopper - Jiles Perry Richardson Gary U.S. Bonds - Gary Anderson Jon Bon Jovi - John Francis Bongiovi Jr. Bono (U2) - Paul David Hewson Sonny Bono - Salvatore Philip Bono Pat Boone - Charles Eugene Boone Wes Borland (Limp Bizkit) - Wesley Scott Borland David Bowie - David Robert Hayward Stenton Jones Big Bad Brad (Linkin Park) - Bradford Phillip Delson Michelle Branch - Michelle Jacquet DeSevren Branch-Landau Bobby Brown - Robert Barisford Brown Chris Brown - Christopher Maurice Brown Jackson Browne - Clyde Jackson Browne David Bryan (Bon Jovi) - David Bryan Rashbaum Buckethead - Brian Carroll Chris de Burgh - Christopher John de Burgh Davison C J. J. Cale - John W. Cale Randy California (Spirit) - Randy Craig Wolfe Freddy Cannon - Frederick Anthony Picariello Jerry Cantrell (Alice in Chains) - Jerry Fulton Cantrell Jr Irene Cara - Irene Escalera Tony Carey - Anthony Lawrence Carey Eric Carr (KISS) - Paul Charles Caravello Cat Power - Charlyn Marie Marshall 50 Cent - Curtis Jackson Ray Charles - Ray Charles Robinson Chubby Checker - Ernest Evans Cher - Cherilyn Sarkisian La Piere Lou Christie - Lugee Alfredo Giovanni Sacco Charlotte Church - Charlotte Maria Reed Eric Clapton - Eric Patrick Clapton Gene Clark (Byrds) - Harold Eugene Clark Kelly Clarkson - Kelly Brianne Clarkson Les Claypool (Primus) - Leslie Edward Claypool Patsy Cline - Virginia Patterson Hensley Clown (Slipknot) - Michael Shawn Crahan Kurt Cobain (Nirvana) - Kurt Donald Cobain Joe Cocker - John Robert Cocker Nat King Cole - Nathaniel Adams Coles Judy Collins - Judith Marjorie Collins Common - Lonnie Rashid Lynn Jr. Perry Como - Pierino Ronald Como Ry Cooder - Ryland Peter Cooder Sam Cooke - Sam Cook Al Kooper (Blood Sweat & Tears) - Alan Peter Kuperschmidt Alice Cooper - Vincent Damon Furnier Dave "Baby" Cortez - David Clowney Elvis Costello - Declan Patrick McManus John Cougar - John Mellencamp Peter Criss (Kiss) - George Peter John Criscuola David Crosby - David Van Cortland Crosby Ice Cube - Oshea Jackson Kim Deal (Pixies) - Kimberly Ann Deal Jimmy Dean - Jimmy Dean John Decon (Queen) - John Richard Deacon Joey Dee - Joseph DiNicola Mos Def - Dante Terrell Smith John Denver - John Henry Deutschendorf Rick Derringer - Richard Zeh


Livermorium is a new element in the periodic table named after a town in which US state?

Two Elements Named: Livermorium and Flerovium Two Elements Named: Livermorium and Flerovium By Jennifer Welsh | December 2, 2011 11:47am ET MORE Years after their discovery, the super-heavy elements 114 and 116 have finally been christened by their Russian and American discoverers. The elements have been named flerovium and livermoreium, also known as Fl and Lv. Credit: Lawrence Livermore National Labs Chemistry's periodic table can now welcome livermorium and flerovium, two newly named elements, which were announced Thursday (Dec. 1) by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The new names will undergo a five-month public comment period before the official paperwork gets processed and they show up on the table. Three other new elements just recently finished this process, filling in the 110, 111 and 112 spots. All five of these elements are so large and unstable they can be made only in the lab, and they fall apart into other elements very quickly. Not much is known about these elements, since they aren't stable enough to do experiments on and are not found in nature. They are called "super heavy," or Transuranium, elements. The newly named elements fit in the 114 and 116 spots, down in the lower-right corner of the periodic table, and were officially accepted to the periodic table back in June. They originally were synthesized more than 10 years ago, after which repeat experiments led to their confirmation. Elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 have also been synthesized at Russia's Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, located in Dubna, Russia (about two hours drive from Moscow), but their creation hasn't been confirmed by the International Union yet. Once they have been confirmed, they will also have to go through the naming and public-commenting periods. Both livermorium and flerovium were also synthesized at the same Russian lab, where Russian researchers were working with American researchers from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.   Element 114, previously known as ununquadium, has been named flerovium (Fl), after the Russian institute's Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions founder, which similarly is named in honor of Georgiy Flerov (1913-1990), a Russian physicist. Flerov's work and his writings to Joseph Stalin led to the development of the USSR's atomic bomb project. The researchers got their first glimpse at flerovium after firing calcium ions at a plutonium target. Element 116, which was temporarily named ununhexium, almost ended up with the name moscovium in honor of the region (called an oblast, similar to a province or state) of Moscow, where the research labs are located. In the end, it seems the American researchers won out and the team settled on the name livermorium (Lv), after the national labs and the city of Livermore in which they are located. Livermorium was first observed in 2000, when the scientists created it by mashing together calcium and curium. "Proposing these names for the elements honors not only the individual contributions of scientists from these laboratories to the fields of nuclear science, heavy-element research, and super-heavy-element research, but also the phenomenal cooperation and collaboration that has occurred between scientists at these two locations," Bill Goldstein, associate director of Lawrence Livermore National Labs' Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, said in a statement. The names for the next batch of super-heavy atoms is still up for grabs, perhaps moscovium will make a comeback.  You can follow LiveScience staff writer Jennifer Welsh on Twitter @ microbelover . Follow LiveScience for the latest in science news and discoveries on Twitter @livescience and on Facebook . Editor's Recommendations


Michael Fallon is Secretary of State for which department?

The Rt Hon Sir Michael Fallon MP - GOV.UK GOV.UK Secretary of State for Defence The Rt Hon Sir Michael Fallon MP Contents Sir Michael Fallon was elected Conservative MP for Sevenoaks, Kent in 1997. Education Michael was educated at Epsom College and the University of St Andrews. Political career Michael was MP for Darlington from 1983 to 1992. He was a minister in the Department for Education and Science from 1990 to 1992. More recently he has held positions on the Treasury Select Committee and was Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party. He was appointed Minister for Business and Enterprise in September 2012 and Minister of State for Energy in March 2013. In 2014 he also became Minister for Portsmouth. He was appointed Defence Secretary on 15 July 2014. Career outside politics Michael is a former director of Bannatyne Fitness Ltd (fitness clubs), Quality Care Homes plc (nursing homes), Just Learning Ltd (nurseries), Attendo AB (Scandinavian social and health care) and Tullett Prebon plc (inter-dealing broking). Personal life Michael is married and has 2 children. Secretary of State for Defence The Secretary of State for Defence has overall responsibility for the business of the department including: strategic operations and operational strategy, including membership of the National Security Council defence planning, programme and resource allocation strategic international partnerships: US , France, Germany, Saudi Arabia, NATO nuclear operations, policy and organisations strategic communications


If you were born on St David's day, what would your star sign be?

The Real Horoscope Dates - Get Your Accurate Star Sign Information! Discover the Real Horoscope Dates Find out your real Star Sign and why most magazines get it wrong! To start, here's a quick lesson on how your Star Sign is actually determined. As you learn in School, the planets in our solar system orbit the Sun, and your Star Sign is where the Earth and Sun are when you are born. It's bit confusing to explain in words, so the following image shows where the Sun and the Inner Planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) were on January 3rd, 1980. If you look at the picture below, you will see blue lines radiating from Earth, dividing the space around it into 12 equal segments. Each segment is ruled by a Zodiac sign. The yellow circle represents the Sun, and on this date it is in the space designated for Capricorn... so if your birthday was January 3rd, 1989 your Star Sign would be Capricorn. A person's Star Sign is the Zodiac Sign containing the Sun on the day they were born. To understand how the Horoscope Dates change, let's fast forward five months to June 3, 1980. In the following picture, all the planets have continued on their orbit around the Sun, and now, because Earth has moved, the 12 Zodiac segements (the blue lines) have moved as well - and the Sun is in the segment ruled by Gemini. If you were born on this day, your Star Sign would be Gemini. When I was learning Astrology, this illustration really helped me understand what a Star Sign means. Now, there's one important caveat. If you were born when the Sun was in the middle of a Zodiac's sector, where and when you are born doesn't really matter in terms of your Star Sign. But if your Birthday is close to the day the Sun moves from one sign to another, it does... What is a cusp, and why does it matter? The days around the moment the Sun moves from one Zodiac sign to another are called the cusp, and people born at the cusp of two Star Signs generally have attributes from both signs. This is where most Magazines and News Papers get Horoscopes wrong. If you are born near the cusp, to get your exact Star sign you need to plug in the time and location of your birth into an Ephemeris . This is because time zones, your location and many other factors will determine what sign the Sun was actually in. But remember, like I mentioned before (and this belief is not just my opinion, it's shared by many published astrologers dating back hundreds of years), if you are born on the day the Sun moves from one sign to another, you should consider yourself of two Star signs. My Star Sign calculator below will let you know if you are at a cusp, or if you have one whole sign. Evidence On the rest of this page I'll show some of the discrepancies in various Horoscope Date tables, and provide evidence to support my hypothesis that the only way to really know what star sign you are is to calculate it. If you just want to know what Star Sign you are, you might want to just use the calculator above... but if you're curious to learn more, keep reading! The following image is my favorite example that shows the sky split into 30 degree arcs, radiating from earth. It's from a book by Comte C. de Saint-Germain published in 1901 called Practical Astrology: A Simple Method of Casting Horoscopes. It shows an ancient tool, with the planets in each Zodiac sign radiating from Earth in 30 degree arcs. Each 30 degree arc is split into 3 Decans (or Decanates). These are same degrees used in my Calculator (although I have rotated mine by 180 degrees). Instead of using an antique tool to determine where the planets are relative to Earth, I use the VSOP87 planetary theory by Bretagnon and Francou. It's too complicated to get into here, but if you would like to learn more this Wikipedia page is a good place to start. Of course, we now know that the planets do not orbit Earth, but this is reason why the different Zodiac signs are Geocentric (based on Earth's position). Inconsistencies with the Horoscope Dates Now that we know how one's sign is calculated, the impossibility of a perfectly accurate table of d


Camulodunum was the roman name for which town?

BBC - History -   Ancient History in depth: Roman Colchester: Britain's First City Print this page Pre-Roman Colchester It is very difficult to represent pre-Roman Colchester, because the site was so nebulous. The best physical indications of it are the Gosbecks dykes, of which the most impressive is Grym's Dyke; but even these just look like big, overgrown ditches. There are some nice burial goods from the Lexden Tumulus (itself less than impressive), and it is possible to see the outline of Cunobelin's farmstead in crop marks. ...after a botched attempt in 55...Caesar returned to finish the job in 54 BC. Colchester was called Camulodunum, which is a Romanisation of its Iron-Age name: the Fortress (-dunum) of Camulos, God of War. The original site of the Iron-Age settlement was some 3 miles south-west of the current city at Gosbecks. There, a sprawling Iron-Age farmstead was established, covering a roughly triangular area of approximately 10 miles which was surrounded by rivers on two sides and a complicated system of dykes on its open western end. It is these dykes which are the only real vestiges of the settlement today, forming great,sunken lanes in the flat Essex countryside. The Trinovantes and Catuvellauni Camulodunum was a hugely important site in pre-Roman times. It was most likely the royal stronghold of the Trinovantes, on whose behalf Julius Caesar invaded in 55 and 54 BC. At this time, the Catuvellauni under their king Cassivellaunus were spreading their authority as southern Britain's largest tribe across the south-eastern counties. It seems that Cassivellaunus invaded Trinovantian territory and murdered its king, whose son, Mandubracius, fled to Caesar for help. This gave Caesar the excuse he was looking for to invade, and after a botched attempt in 55 (which even his own propaganda cannot quite disguise), Caesar returned to finish the job in 54 BC. He chased Cassivellaunus back to his stronghold, which he stormed from two sides, forcing Cassivellaunus to flee and come to terms. A modern day Celtic couple    © It is a moot point where this encampment was. Our best guess is Wheathamstead, Herts, but it is possible (though I do not think probable) that Cassivellaunus had transferred his capital to Camulodunum. Part of the problem is one of dating, since we do not know when Camulodunum came into Catuvellaunian hands. Our best dating criteria are by coins, but the earliest coins in the area are for the Catuvellaunian king, Tasciovanus, who ruled c.25-15 BC. By c.AD 10, Cunobelin the nephew of Cassivellaunus, had taken over the area and his coinage reflects this. The last Trinovantian king was called Addedomaros. It is possible that his remains are buried in the Lexden Tumulus, close to Gosbecks. The king who was buried here had been ritually burned along with his goods, which were a mixture of Celtic and Roman ornaments. Among them were the fragments of a small casket, within which was a medallion bearing the head of the Emperor Augustus. Top The Claudian invasion A gravestone commemorating a centurion of the 20th Legion, dating from before AD 60.    © When Claudius became Roman emperor in AD 41, he understood that in order to survive he needed a triumph. He used the appeal of the British chieftain, Verica, as his excuse for action. Verica was a king of the Atrebates who had been driven out by Cunobelin's successor, Caratacus. The Roman legions under Aulus Plautius landed at Richborough, surprised the British army at the River Medway and pushed Caratacus back to his stronghold at Camulodunum (Colchester). Camulodunum was of immense strategic importance... There, Plautius waited for the Emperor Claudius to arrive from Rome, bringing additional troops including a force of elephants with him. Claudius himself led the final storming of the Catuvellauni stronghold, which went very like Caesar's earlier assault. Caratacus and his followers escaped in their chariots from the back of the fort and went on the run. He was eventually betrayed by Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes and handed over to Rome, to be para


In the 'Batman' stories, which character was played by Pat Hindle on screen, and by Neil Hamilton on ty?

Pat Hingle: 'Gunsmoke' & 'Batman' Actor Dies Pat Hingle: 'Gunsmoke' & 'Batman' Actor Dies By Andre Soares    Pat Hingle: 'Gunsmoke,' 'Batman' actor dead at 84 (image: Pat Hingle and Anjelica Huston in 'The Grifters') Pat Hingle, best remembered for his recurring role as police commissioner Gordon in the Batman movies of the late 20th century, died January 3, 2009, at his home in Carolina Beach, North Carolina. The cause of death was myelodysplasia, a blood disorder. He was 84. During the course of more than five decades, Pat Hingle appeared on Broadway, in movies, and on television. Among his most notable film roles are those of a cadet in the 1957 movie adaptation of Calder Willingham's gay-themed drama The Strange One, directed by Jack Garfein and starring Ben Gazzara ; Warren Beatty 's father in Elia Kazan 's Splendor in the Grass (1961); and a sadistic gangster in Stephen Frears' The Grifters (1990), opposite Anjelica Huston . As commissioner James Gordon, Pat Hingle was featured in Tim Burton 's Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992), both starring Michael Keaton in the title role; Joel Schumacher's Batman Forever (1995), starring Val Kilmer ; and Schumacher's Batman & Robin (1997), with George Clooney and Chris O'Donnell in the title roles. Commissioner Gordon was played by veteran Neil Hamilton in the 1960s television series starring Adam West, and by Gary Oldman in Christopher Nolan 's Batman Begins (2005) and The Dark Knight (2008). Among Pat Hingle's other big-screen credits are The Ugly American (1963), starring Marlon Brando ; Bloody Mama (1970), with Shelley Winters ; Norma Rae (1979), with Oscar winner Sally Field ; Sudden Impact (1983), with Clint Eastwood ; The Falcon and the Snowman (1985), with Timothy Hutton and Sean Penn ; The Quick and the Dead (1995), a box office bomb starring Sharon Stone ; and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), with Will Ferrell and Sacha Baron Cohen. Pat Hingle on television On television, Pat Hingle played Dr. Chapman in several Gunsmoke episodes in the early '70s, and guest-starred in dozens of TV series, among them Dr. Kildare, Gentle Ben, and The Rookies. Also of note, he incarnated J. Edgar Hoover in Frank Pierson's 1992 HBO drama Citizen Cohn, featuring James Woods in the title role. All in all, Hingle was seen in more than 130 television productions. Pat Hingle, Anjelica Huston The Grifters photo: Miramax Films. If you liked the article Pat Hingle: 'Gunsmoke' & 'Batman' Actor Dies, please recommend it to your friends. See floating share buttons on the left. Pat Hingle: 'Gunsmoke' & 'Batman' Actor Dies © 2004–2016 Alt Film Guide and/or author(s). Text NOT to be reproduced without prior written consent. Leave a comment about 'Pat Hingle: 'Gunsmoke' & 'Batman' Actor Dies' Important: It's perfectly fine to disagree with our own and/or other commenters' views and opinions, but thoughtfulness and at least a modicum of sanity are imperative. In other words: Spammy, rude/abusive, bigoted, baseless (spreading misinformation), trollish/inflammatory, and/or just plain demented comments will be zapped and offenders may be banned. Additionally, bear in mind that a) harassment will not be tolerated b) links found in comments will generally be deleted. Most recent comments listed on top.


Which Cabinet post has been held by Stephen Byers, Peter Mandelson and Margaret Becket in recent years?

Peter Mandelson : definition of Peter Mandelson and synonyms of Peter Mandelson (English) St Catherine's College, Oxford Peter Benjamin Mandelson, Baron Mandelson, PC (born 21 October 1953) is a British Labour Party politician , who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hartlepool from 1992 to 2004 , served in a number of Cabinet positions under both Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , and was a European Commissioner . He was a key architect in the rebranding of the Labour Party as " New Labour " and its subsequent landslide victory in the 1997 general election . [1] He twice resigned from Tony Blair's government while holding Cabinet positions. After his second resignation, he served as the European Commissioner for Trade from 2004 to 2008. He rejoined the government when he was made a life peer by the Queen and took his seat in the House of Lords on 13 October 2008. [2] Contents 7 External links   Early life Peter Mandelson was born in London in 1953, the son of Mary Joyce (née Morrison) and George Norman Mandelson. [3] His father's family was Jewish, and his father was the advertising manager at The Jewish Chronicle . On his mother's side, he is the grandson of Margaret (Kent) and Herbert Morrison , the London County Council leader and Labour cabinet minister. [4] He was educated at Hendon County Grammar School 1965–72. [5] In 1966 he appeared on stage with the local amateur theatre group, the Hampstead Garden Suburb Dramatic Society as the eponymous lead in The Winslow Boy . He read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at St Catherine's College, Oxford (1973–1976) and in the late 1970s, became Chair of the British Youth Council . As Chair of the BYC, he was a delegate in 1978 to the Soviet -organised World Festival of Youth and Students in Havana , Cuba, where with several future Labour cabinet colleagues, he with Hilary Barnard, future IUSY President, and Trevor Phillips successfully frustrated agreement on a distorted Soviet text on youth in the capitalist countries. [6] [7] In his teenage years, he was also a member of the Young Communist League . [8] but was a member of the Oxford University Labour Club delegation to the December 1975 NOLS Conference when the entryist Trotskyist Militant tendency lost control of NOLS. He was elected to Lambeth Borough Council in September 1979, but retired in 1982, disillusioned with the state of Labour politics. [9]   Media and public relations career He worked as a television producer at London Weekend Television on Weekend World before Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock appointed him as Director of Communications in 1985, with a view to his overseeing Labour's campaign for the next general election , which was ultimately held in June 1987 and ended in a third successive win for Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government, [10] although the Conservative majority was slightly reduced as Labour gained 20 seats. [11] Mandelson was able to secure close friendships within the Labour Party because of uncle Alexander Butler, who had worked alongside many important Labour politicians during the 1960s. In this role he was one of the first people in Britain to whom the term " spin doctor " was applied; he was thus called 'the Prince of Darkness ' [12] [13] and, after his ennoblement , 'the Dark Lord', nicknames he apparently enjoys having. [14] In 1986, Mandelson ran the campaign at the Fulham by-election in which Labour defeated the Conservative Party. [15] He then managed the Labour Party's 1987 general election campaign. He is author (with Roger Liddle ) of The Blair Revolution (1996). More recently, he contributed to the book The City in Europe and the World (2005). Mandelson has been given the nickname "Mandy" in the popular media. [16]   Political career He ceased being a Labour Party official in 1990 when he was selected as Labour candidate for the safe seat of Hartlepool . He was elected to the House of Commons at the 1992 general election . [17]   Shadow cabinet Mandelson made several speeches outlining his strong support for the European Union . He was close to two Shadow Cabinet members


Of the six 'Noble' or inert gases, which features first in an alphabetical list?

Noble Gases - body, used, Earth, life, chemical, form, energy, reaction, oxygen Noble Gases Noble gases Photo by: photo-dave The noble gases are the six elements that make up Group 18 of the periodic    table: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and    radon (Rn). At one time, this family of elements was also known as the    rare gases. Their present name comes from the fact that the six gases are    highly unreactive; they appear almost "noble"—above    interacting with other members of the periodic table. This lack of    reactivity has also led to a second name by which they are sometimes    known—the inert gases. (Inert means inactive.) Abundance and production As their former name suggests, the noble gases are rather uncommon on    Earth. Collectively, they make up about 1 percent of Earth's    atmosphere. Most of the noble gases have been detected in small amounts    in minerals found in Earth's crust and in meteorites. They are    thought to have been released into the atmosphere long ago as by-products    of the decay of radioactive elements in Earth's crust.    (Radioactivity is the property that some elements have of spontaneously    giving off energy in the form of particles or waves when their nuclei    disintegrate.) Of all the rare gases, argon is present in the greatest amount. It makes    up about 0.9 percent by volume of Earth's atmosphere. The other    noble gases are present in such small amounts that it is usually more    convenient to express their concentrations in terms of parts per million    (ppm). The concentrations of neon, helium, krypton, and xenon are,    respectively, 18 ppm, 5 ppm, 1 ppm, and 0.09 ppm. For example, there are    only 5 liters of helium in every million liters of air. By contrast,    helium is much more abundant in the Sun, stars, and outer space. In fact,    next to hydrogen, helium is the most abundant element in the universe.    About 23 percent of all atoms found in the universe are helium atoms. Radon is present in the atmosphere in only trace amounts. However, higher    levels of radon have been measured in homes around the United States.    Radon can be released from soils containing high concentrations of    uranium, and they can be trapped in homes that have been weather sealed to    make heating and cooling systems more efficient. Radon testing Lead canisters used to store xenon for medical diagnostic purposes. (Reproduced by permission of Photo Researchers, Inc. ) kits are commercially available for testing the radon content of household    air. Most of the rare gases are obtained commercially from liquid air. As the    temperature of liquid air is raised, the rare gases boil off from the    mixture at specific temperatures and can be separated and purified.    Although present in air, helium is obtained commercially from natural gas    wells where it occurs in concentrations of between 1 and 7 percent of the    natural gas. Most of the world's helium supplies come from wells    located in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. Radon is isolated as a product of    the radioactive decay of radium compounds. Properties The noble gases are all colorless, odorless, and tasteless. They exist as    monatomic gases, which means that their molecules consist of a single atom    apiece. The boiling points of the noble gases increase in moving down the    periodic table. Helium has the lowest boiling point of any element. It    boils at 4.215 K (−268.93°C). It has no melting point    because it cannot be frozen at any temperature. The most important chemical property of the noble gases is their lack of    reactivity. Helium, neon, and argon do not combine with any other elements    to form compounds. It has been only in the last few decades that compounds    of the other rare gases have been prepared. In 1962 English chemist Neil    Bartlett (1932–) succeeded in preparing the first compound of a    noble gas, a compound of


What name describes the group of chemical elements that includes Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Fluorine?

What are the Halogens in the Periodic Table? - Quora Quora Daniel James Berger , PhD in organic chemistry The elements in Group 17 of the periodic table  ( The Old fashioned name for Group 17 is Group VII ) are known collectively as The Halogens. They are the elements Fluorine, ( atomic number 9 ),  Chlorine, ( atomic number 17 ), Bromine ( atomic number 35 ), Iodine ( atomic number 53 ), Astatine  ( atomic number 85 ), and a newly discovered element not yet given a name, that has an atomic number of 117, ( Discovered in 2010). However both Astatine and Element No. 117 are too radioactive to be made in quantities that can be weighed. They are man made elements that have very short half lives;  so decay into other elements before one has the chance to make any of their compounds. So in most laboratories Halogen chemistry is essentially about the study of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine & Iodine. The word Halogen was coined in 1842 by the Swedish Chemist Berzelius ( 1779 - 1848 ). It is a made up Swedish word which literally means "Salt producer" in Swedish. A name in keeping with the reactive nature of these elements. Lots of Halogen salts are known. Eg. Sodium chloride. Potassium fluoride. Sodium Bromide.  These elements are all members of the same group, because all of their atoms have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell or orbit. Group 17 elements all have 7 electrons in their outermost orbit.  The Periodic Table highlighting Group 17. Fluorine As mentioned previously fluorine has an atomic number of 9. This means that an atom of fluorine will have in addition to 9 protons in the nucleus of its atom, it will have a total of 9 electrons orbiting its nucleus. An individual  proton always has a charge of +1 and an individual electron always has a charge of -1. We have 9 protons in an atom of fluorine each having a charge of +1, plus 9 electrons in that same atom orbiting the nucleus of that atom. ( +1 X 9 ) + (-1 X 9 ) = 0.  So the atom is electrically neutral. This is true for all neutral atoms of fluorine. The 9 electrons are arranged in 2 shells or orbit.  2 of the 9 electrons orbit in the 1st shell or orbit. The remaining 7 electrons orbit in a larger shell. The 7 electrons in the outermost orbit of all Halogens are the electrons that participate in chemical reactions. During chemical reactions the number of electrons in the outermost orbit can go up or down. Up to a max of 8, and down to 0 ( in theory ). Compare with  Na+1 or with Li+1  Written Feb 7, 2016 The halogens are the family of chemical elements that includes fluorine (atomic symbol F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). The halogens make up Group VIIA of the Periodic Table of the elements. Elemental halogens are diatomic molecules. However, due to their high reactivity, the halogens are never found in nature in native form. The family name means "salt-forming," from the Greek for salt, "hals", and for generating "genes". The salinity of the oceans on Earth is due in large part to such halogen salts (halides) as sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium iodide (KI). Halogens display physical and chemical properties typical of nonmetals. They have relatively low melting and boiling points that increase steadily down the group. Near room temperature, the halogens span all of the physical states: Fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid. All of the elements are colored, with the color becoming more intense moving down the group. Fluorine gas is pale yellow, and chlorine gas is a yellowish green. Liquid bromine and its vapors are brownish red. Solid iodine appears as shiny, dark gray crystals, and the vapors are a deep purple. The halogens are poor thermal and electrical conductors in all phases, and as solids they are brittle and crumbly. The halogens have distinctive, unpleasant odors, will burn exposed flesh, and are toxic. The neutral atoms of the halogens possess seven outer electrons. An additional electron can be added to halogen atoms to form singly charged negative ions. These ions


"In 1961, who became the first London club to complete football's League and Cup ""double""?"

KryssTal : History of Arsenal [European Finals] [Other Records and Statistics] Arsenal History Arsenal began as a works team for the Woolwich Armaments. They were founded in 1886 as Dial Square. The name soon became Woolwich Arsenal and they played their first match at Plumstead Common. They soon joined the old Second Division playing regularly against professional clubs. The problem with South London was that it was difficult to get to; attendances were therefore low. After short spell in the First Division their lack of attendances (and consequent lack of money) meant that they had mediocre players. By 1913 they were back struggling in the Second Division. There would be three turning points in the history of the club that would transform them into one of the most famous in the world. The first turning point was the move to North London. The club chairman wanted to merge Woolwich Arsenal with Fulham but that plan fell through. So a ground was found near a theological college in Highbury not far from Gillespie Road Underground station on the Piccadilly Line . Access was good from all parts of London, and the area was residential thus supplying supporters. Tottenham Hotspur, four miles away, objected to the move but were over-ruled; the South London club maintaining that there was enough potential support for both clubs. In 1915 the move was completed and the club dropped the Woolwich from its name to become Arsenal. However, it was still an average Second Level team. In 1919 Arsenal won election to the First Division when it was expanded to 22 clubs. This was the second turning point in Arsenal's history. Since this election was at the expense of neighbours Tottenham, this set the enmity between the two clubs that lasts to this day. The 1920s saw Arsenal as an average First Division club usually finishing in the middle of the table. The third turning point in Arsenal's history occurred when Herbert Chapman was appointed manager. He had made Huddersfield Town the dominant team in the 20s. Highbury was the platform he needed to try out his new ideas. He took Arsenal to 2nd in the First Division in 1926 and to the FA Cup Final in 1927. They lost 0 - 1 to Cardiff City (the only time that the FA Cup has gone out of England). This was still the best that Arsenal had done so far in their history. It was during the 1930s that Arsenal became a football force. Chapman built a new stadium complete with marble halls, set up under-soil heating so that matches could be played in all weathers, set up the best medical facilities in the country to treat players, and began youth schemes to train young players. His proposals to number shirts and have floodlights were rejected by the football authorities. His innovations showed he was a man ahead of his time. Tactically, Chapman was astute enough to attack the weaknesses of other teams while playing to Arsenal's strengths. Outside of football, Chapman, had the tube station's name changed to Arsenal. Chapman made Arsenal the most successful and richest club in the country. Everybody wanted to beat them. In 1930 Arsenal won their first trophy, the FA Cup, beating Chapman's old club, Huddersfield Town, 2 - 0. In 1931, Arsenal became the first London club to win the First Division Championship. They set up a new points total which was not bettered for 30 years. In 1932, Arsenal almost became the first club this Century to win both the FA Cup and the League. They finished 2nd in both, losing the FA Cup Final 1 - 2 to Newcastle United. In 1933, 1934, 1935 Arsenal were Champions, one of only three clubs to win three consecutive Championships. They had their upsets however: in 1933 they lost a cup game to Walsall of the old Third Division, a team that cost less than Arsenal's boots. Chapman died during this period, but he is considered to have been the first modern football manager. In 1934, England played an international game with seven Arsenal players, still a record. 1936 saw a second FA Cup win (1 - 0 against Sheffield United). During that season, Ted Drake set a record by scoring


In 1973, which club became the first Second Division side to win the FA Cup since the war?

1973 FA Cup Run 1973 fa cup run Introduction "I should pack it all in. there'll never be another moment like it". All of Wearside agreed with the above sentiments of Bob Stokoe as Sunderland took on the best teams England had to offer and deservedly beat them all to lift the FA Cup. After 36 long years the most prestigious domestic knockout club trophy in football travelled to Roker Park. To place the triumph into perspective it is apt to return to the beginning and the arrival of a man who would be hailed as "the Messiah". Bob Stokoe swept into Roker Park as a man on a mission. After managerial spells at Charlton Athletic, Rochdale, Bury, Carlisle United and Blackpool, whom incidentally he had led to victory in the Anglo Italian tournament, the ex Magpie succumbed to initial defeat at the hands of Burnley. Sunderland then embarked on a run of 32 games, with only 5 defeats, culminating in a day that Wearside will never forget. Not bad for a side that started in the doldrums, defeated by Stoke in the first League cup hurdle, and searching for only its 5th win in 18 league attempts, on his arrival. From 4rth bottom they would end the season 6th, although at first an outbreak of flu threatened to scupper the season altogether. It is also pertinent to note that on Stokoe's arrival Sunderland hadn’t bought a player for over 2 years. __________________________ Notts County 1 v 1 Sunderland 13 January 1973, Meadow Lane, Nottingham Attendance – 15,142 In the run up to the 3rd round game Sunderland made a double signing in the shape of Ron Guthrie and David Young however both were ineligible for the Meadow Lane encounter. Bobby Kerr was struggling to be fit with a troublesome back and Denis Tueart had to have 2 stitches inserted in an eye wound sustained in the league match the previous Saturday. Joe Bolton spent 3 days with the England Youth squad but made the trip to Nottingham. Ironically Sunderland met Notts County midweek prior to the game in a North Midlands League encounter. At Meadow Lane Sunderland suffered a first half pounding and were lucky to be just 1 goal down at the interval. Les Bradd scored for Notts County after 29 minutes and County held the lead for 50 minutes. Montgomery made a fine save - a crucial one, Bobby Kerr said later, and then Watson headed in a cross from Tueart after 79 minutes play, having out jumped Needham to score a magnificent goal. Billy Elliott had restored Watson to his old place of centre back, but twenty minutes from the end at Meadow Lane, Bob Stokoe switched him to the attack. Sunderland were backed by upwards of 2,000 fans in Nottingham with a fleet of 40 coaches taking supporters from the North East. After the game bob Stokoe announced, amongst other things, that Derek Forster, Ritchie Pitt, Brian Chambers, Keith Coleman and John Lathan were available for transfer. Notts County: Brown, Brindley, Worthington, Masson, Needham, Stubbs, Nixon, Randall, Bradd, Mann, Carter Sunderland: Montgomery, Malone, Bolton, Horswill, Watson, Tones, Kerr, Ashurst (McGiven), Hughes Porterfield, Tueart __________________________ FA Cup Round 3 – replay Sunderland 2 v 0 Notts County 16 January 1973, Roker Park, Sunderland Attendance – 30,033             Receipts - £13,280 Ron Guthrie and David Young took over from youngsters Joe Bolton and John Tones as a fast and furious cup tie saw Sunderland prevail at Roker Park. However similar to the Meadow Lane encounter Notts County were at their best in the first half primarily through the use of a man for man marking system and a twin attack of Randall and Bradd that caused the home side substantial problems on the night. In the 54rth minute Sunderland had the lead. Porterfield won the ball in midfield and pushed it through to Kerr who allowed the ball to run onto Watson. Watson took on the defence raced to the edge of the penalty area and slammed a right foot shot across Brown inside the far post. The game was still on a  knife edge but the matter was sealed just seconds from time when Kerr played the ball through


Avianca is the national airline of which South American country?

Avianca - SeatLink Avianca About Avianca image credit: Juergen Lehle Avianca is the national airline of Columbia, the world's second oldest airline behind KLM. Avianca offers 122 routes with both domestic and international flights available, with a fleet of 163 planes. Most of Avianca's destinations lie within South American and Latin America, though the airline operates a decent number of full-service flights to destinations in the Southern United States as well as Europe. Avianca is a member of the Star Alliance, maintains partnerships with airlines such as United, Lufthansa, Aeromexico, and Iberia, and manages several subsidiary airlines offering regional service to South American destinations. Find a Seat Inflight Review: Alaska Airlines New Premium Class (Premium Economy) Advertiser Disclosure: Some of the links that appear on the website are from websites from which Seatlink.com receives compensation. However, this compensation does not impact how and where products appear on this site. Please view our advertising policy page for additional details. © 2012-2017 SeatLink.com, All Rights Reserved Sign up for your free Seatlink account! Here's why it's totally worth it:   top monthly points earners win airline miles, gift cards, and swag   personalize your seat maps according to your preferences   follow reviewers you like to get their take on the best seats   stay on top of the latest seat products with our blog One-click sign up: Feeling antisocial? Go with old-school email sign up: Username:   [this will show up next to all your reviews] Email: Forgot your password? We can fix that! Enter your email address below receive a password reset link: Email address: Not a member? Register here × close × Rate your Avianca seats, enter to win free miles! Share your review of Avianca and help make flying better for travelers like you. As a bonus, we're giving away 10,000 miles to one lucky seat reviewer every month in 2017, so get your reviews in and be automatically entered to win! Overall rating of your Avianca seat:     Add a Title for your review Row (optional, required for giveaway) Submit your review No purchase necessary. Alternative method of entry: enter a valid email address at www.seatlink.com/sweepstakes/ Open to legal residents of the U.S., age 21 or older. Void where prohibited. Sweepstakes ends at 11:59 PM Pacific Time on 12/31/17. Odds of winning depend on number of entries received. For full official rules, visit seatlink.com/corporate/sweepstakes-official-rules/. Main Sponsor: Datalytical Media, LLC. × Sweet, your review has posted! Thanks for reviewing your Avianca seat. Your review will show up on Seatlink shortly and will help thousands of other travelers find a better seat for their flight. Tell your friends! Trust us when we say they'll thank you for helping them avoid paying $40 for that "premium exit row" seat with no legroom because the emergency exit slide is in the way... ‹ › ×


Norwich South is the Parliamentary constituency of which government minister?

norwich south uk parliament constituency : definition of norwich south uk parliament constituency and synonyms of norwich south uk parliament constituency (English) 7 Notes and references   Boundaries The constituency is one of two covering the city of Norwich . Prior to the 2010 election, it included the Norwich City wards of Bowthorpe, Crome (part) Eaton, Lakenham, Nelson, Mancroft, Thorpe Hamlet (part), Town Close, University and Wensum. In addition the South Norfolk district wards of New Costessey and Cringleford (part) are within the constituency. Boundaries changed at the 2010 General Election (see below).   Boundary review Following their review of parliamentary constituencies in Norfolk that concluded in 2004, the Boundary Commission for England created a slightly modified Norwich South constituency. The changes took effect at the 2010 General Election. Changes were necessary in order to re-align the constituency boundaries with the new local government ward boundaries introduced in South Norfolk and Norwich in 2003 and 2004 respectively. Norfolk was also granted an additional, ninth seat, by the Boundary Commission. The part of the Crome ward around Morse Road will move to Norwich North , while the area around Mousehold Street in Thorpe Hamlet will move in to Norwich South. Additionally, the villages of Cringleford and Colney will move to the South Norfolk constituency. The composition of the new Norwich South will be: The following wards from the city of Norwich: Bowthorpe, Eaton, Lakenham, Nelson, Mancroft, Thorpe Hamlet, Town Close, University and Wensum. And the New Costessey ward from the district of South Norfolk.   History The Labour MP for this seat from 1997 to 2010 was Charles Clarke who served in cabinet for five years from 2001 to 2006, first as Minister without Portfolio , then as Secretary of State for Education and Skills and latterly as Home Secretary . Norwich South was by far Labour's safest seat in Norfolk throughout the Thatcher years and up until 2005. Although it was lost to the Conservatives in 1983, it was regained by Labour in 1987 and was the only Labour seat in Norfolk until 1997. In 2005 the Labour majority was cut by over 5000 leaving Norwich North as the safest Labour seat in the county. The seat was considered a true three way marginal in the 2010 election between the incumbent Labour party the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives. The seat was also targeted by the Green Party. The seat was won with the lowest percentage share of the vote in a constituency in the 2010 election. The loss was considered to be an embarrassment for the Labour Party as it was the seat of a former Home Secretary.   Members of Parliament


The fifth 'Harry Potter' book is due for publication on June 21st. What is it called?

JK Rowling announces seventh Harry Potter title - Wikinews, the free news source JK Rowling announces seventh Harry Potter title From Wikinews, the free news source you can write! Jump to: navigation , search Thursday, December 21, 2006  British author J.K. Rowling has revealed the title of the seventh and final book in the Harry Potter series in an online game on her official website. Contenders would click on items to reveal a chamber, then they would use the clues given and guess the title. After fans played a game they were rewarded with the title of the book which is to be called Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows . She also revealed that Harry had been taking place in her dreams and she was returning to writing in cafes, as she did 13 years ago. "One character got a reprieve but I have to say that two die that I didn't intend to die," Rowling, 41, said June 27 on Richard & Judy , a television show run in the U.K. The book is first published in the U.K. by London-based Bloomsbury and then sent to the U.S. by Scholastic Corp . "I'm writing scenes that have been planned, in some cases, for a dozen years or even more," Rowling wrote on her website. "I don't think anyone who has not been in a similar situation can possibly know how this feels: I am alternately elated and overwrought. I both want, and don't want, to finish this book (don't worry, I will)." The film version of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix , the fifth book in the series published June 21, 2003, is still in production and will be released in July 2007. Rowling was inspired to write after her mother died from multiple sclerosis in 1990 and after a marriage breakdown. She started writing in Edinburgh cafés. Whenever her daughter Jessica fell asleep she would put her in a carriage beside her and stroll her to the closest café. 300 million books worldwide have been sold and the series has been translated into 47 languages. No publication date has been set. Sources


"In heraldry, if an animal is depicted as ""passant"", what is it doing?"

A Complete Guide to Heraldry/Chapter 12 - Wikisource, the free online library A Complete Guide to Heraldry/Chapter 12 From Wikisource CHAPTER XII BEASTS Next after the lion should be considered the tiger, but it must be distinctly borne in mind that heraldry knows two kinds of tigers—the heraldic tiger (Figs. 322 and 323) and the Bengal tiger (Figs. 324 and 325). Doubtless the heraldic tiger, which was the only one found in British armory until a comparatively recent date, is the attempt of artists to depict their idea of a tiger. The animal was unknown to them, except by repute, and consequently the creature they depicted bears little relation to the animal of real life; but there can be no doubt that their intention was to depict an animal which they knew to exist. The heraldic tiger had a body much like the natural tiger, it had a lion's tufted tail and mane, and the curious head which it is so difficult to describe, but which appears to be more like the wolf than any other animal we know. This, however, will be again dealt with in the chapter on fictitious animals, and is here only introduced to demonstrate the difference which heraldry makes between the heraldic tiger and the real animal. A curious conceit is that the heraldic tiger will anciently be often found spelt "tyger," but this peculiar spelling does not seem ever to have been applied to the tiger of nature. Fig. 322.—Heraldic tyger rampant. Fig. 323.—Heraldic tyger passant. Fig. 324.—Bengal tiger passant. Fig. 325.—Bengal tiger rampant. [ 192 ] When it became desirable to introduce the real tiger into British armory as typical of India and our Eastern Empire, something of course was necessary to distinguish it from the tyger which had previously usurped the name in armory, and for this reason the natural tiger is always heraldically known as the Bengal tiger. This armorial variety appears towards the end of the eighteenth century in this country, though in foreign heraldry it appears to have been recognised somewhat earlier. There are, however, but few cases in which the Bengal tiger has appeared in armory, and in the majority of these cases as a supporter, as in the supporters of Outram, which are two tigers rampant guardant gorged with wreaths of laurel and crowned with Eastern crowns all proper. Another instance of the tiger as a supporter will be found in the arms of Bombay. An instance in which it appears as a charge upon a shield will be found in the arms granted to the University of Madras. Fig. 326.—Leopard passant. Fig. 327.—Leopard passant guardant. Fig. 328.—Leopard rampant. Another coat is that granted in 1874 to Augustus Beaty Bradbury of Edinburgh, which was: "Argent, on a mount in base vert, a Bengal tiger passant proper, on a chief of the second two other tigers dormant also proper." A tigress is said to be occasionally met with, and when so, is sometimes represented with a mirror, in relation to the legend that ascribes to her such personal vanity that her young ones might be taken from under her charge if she had the counter attraction of a hand-glass! At least so say the heraldry books, but I have not yet come across such a case. The leopard (Figs. 326, 327, and 328) has to a certain extent been referred to already. Doubtless it is the peculiar cat-like and stealthy walk which is so characteristic of the leopard which led to any animal in that position being considered a leopard; but the leopard in its natural state was of course known to Europeans in the early days of heraldry, and appears amongst the lists of heraldic animals apart from its existence as "a lion passant." The animal, [ 193 ] however, except as a supporter or crest, is by no means common in English heraldry. It will be found, however, in the crests of some number of families; for example, Taylor and Potts. Fig. 329.—Leopard's head erased. Fig. 330.—Leopard's head erased and affronté. Fig. 331.—Leopard's face. Fig. 332.—Leopard's face jessant-de-lis. A very similar animal is the ounce, which for heraldic purposes is in no way altered from the leopard. Parts of the latter w


"Who once caused outrage by telling British students in China, ""if you stay here much longer, you'll all be slitty- eyed""?"

China'Watch'Canada: Queen describes Chinese and their diplomats as 'very rude' China'Watch'Canada Keeping an eye on Communist, Totalitarian China, and its influence both globally, and we as Canadians. I have come to the opinion that we are rarely privy to truth regarding the real goal, the agenda of Red China, and it's implications for Canada [and North America as a whole]. No more can we rely on our media as more and more information on China is actively being swept under the carpet - not for consumption. Saturday, June 11, 2016 Queen describes Chinese and their diplomats as 'very rude' 'Prickly' Chinese censor news of Queen's garden party slip: Paranoid politicians impose media blackout after Her Majesty describes their diplomats as 'very rude' The Queen  spoke about President Xi Jinping and his wife's visit last year She said they were 'very rude' to the ambassador in the conversation Her comments came as she spoke to Met Police Commander Lucy D'Orsi  Ms D'Orsi said she ran  Chinese  visit and Queen replied: 'Oh, bad luck'  China's censors 'black out' BBC World report on diplomatic incident By  REBECCA ENGLISH FOR THE DAILY MAIL  and  MARTIN ROBINSON, UK CHIEF REPORTER FOR MAILONLINE PUBLISHED: 22:39 GMT, 10 May 2016  Chinese  censors have imposed a media blackout on a film showing the  Queen  branding President Xi Jinping's officials 'very rude' Her majesty made the unguarded comments about last year's politically sensitive state visit of President Xi Jinping in October, calling his team's behaviour 'extraordinary'. BBC World News has said its channel has been blocked in China and any footage elsewhere is being blacked out on screen as officials maintained they made 'great efforts' during the trip.  The Queen spoke out at a Buckingham Palace garden party attended by 4,000 people yesterday when she met Met Police Commander Lucy D'Orsi, who ran security for the trip.  When she was told of Ms D'Orsi's role working closely with the Chinese delegation she said: 'Oh, bad luck' before saying they were 'very rude' to British Ambassador to China, Barbara Woodward.  'Oh bad luck': Queen's unguarded comments on Chinese state visit Loaded: 0% Need Text +10 Caught out: The Queen was recorded telling Met Commander Lucy D'Orsi that Chinese officials were 'very rude' during last year's state visit +10 Police Commander Lucy D'Orsi  was Gold Commander in charge of security during the visit by controversial President Xi Jinping and his wife last October (pictured together at a state banquet) +10 The Queen has been caught out by her own cameraman making unguarded comments about last year's politically sensitive Chinese state visit A report on BBC World broadcast in the country was 'blacked out' by Chinese censors overnight. The filmed conversation also revealed she called the delegation's actions 'extraordinary' and that she was aware of the Chinese group's 'testing' behaviour. Commander D'Orsi said this included one incident when officials stormed out of Lancaster House, close to Buckingham Palace an threatening to call off the trip.  A Chinese Embassy spokesman refused to be drawn on the Queen's views and said: 'President Xi Jinping's state visit to the UK last year was very successful. Both sides at the working level made great efforts towards the success of the visit'. The Queen's gaffe came shortly after David Cameron was recorded telling her that major recipients of British aid are 'fantastically corrupt'. The Prime Minister told her that 'the leaders of some fantastically corrupt countries coming to Britain'.  Singling out Nigeria and Afghanistan for criticism, he told the monarch they were 'possibly the two most corrupt countries in the world'. Hours afterwards the Queen made her own unguarded comments. The Lord Chamberlain, The Earl Peel, introduced the Queen to Commander D'Orsi, and couldn't hide his feelings about about the behaviour of the sovereign's guests. Nor, however, could the Queen who, remarkably, commiserated with Commander D'Orsi and complained how rude their guests had been to her ambassador. Normally the model o


The Colorado Beetle is a destructive pest of which crop?

Colorado Potato Beetle - Salisbury Greenhouse AB Colorado Potato Beetle By Rob Sproule   The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), alias potato bug, alias 10-striped speaman, is the most destructive potato crop pest in Canada. After entering Canada via Ontario in 1870, it has become a ravenous and economically destructive pest across the Maritimes, hitting New Brunswick and P.E.I. especially hard. It’s a nuisance across the Prairies, though not as pervasive. Unlike many garden pests, which originated in the Eastern Hemisphere and invaded across the oceans, Colorado potato beetles came from…wait for it…Colorado. From there, it has spread almost worldwide and has shown a remarkable ability to become immune to even the harshest insecticides (it even developed a defence against DDT in 1950s).   Identification You’ll know one when you see one. About 1 cm long, adults sport five bold, brown stripes down the length of their golden back. If they weren’t so destructive, we’d say they were downright beautiful. The larvae are striking, with a dark red body, black head and jaws big enough to rip your potato leaves to smithereens.   Life Cycle Potato beetle adults overwinter in the soil around their victimized potato plants. In spring, they emerge to seek host plants, feed for a few days, and lay up to 500 yellow or orange eggs in early July. Although they can produce multiple generations per year in warmer countries, in Canada, the prohibitive climate typically limits them to one generation; being cold has its advantages.   Damage These beetles are ravenous and can strip potato fields bare with alarming speed. The larvae can chomp up to 40 cm2 of foliage per day, per critter. Multiply that by each female laying up to 800 eggs, and the math proves terrifying. Adults clock in at 10 cm2 of foliage per day. Plants without leaves can neither photosynthesize nor produce big spuds. Eventually, weakened plants will simply die from stress.   Control Make sure to rotate your potato crop every year so that the emerging beetles have a tougher time finding hosts in spring. Laying down an organic mulch, such as straw, can confuse emerging larvae enough to keep them wandering until starvation. Potato beetles have a host of predators, and some of them have even been harnessed for commercial use. From ground beetles, parasitic wasps and nematodes to a pathogenic fungus, sometimes your garden army will mobilize itself to keep invaders under control. Curbing your chemical use in all areas, and fostering a healthy ecosystem, will go a long way to supporting the predators. Colorado potato beetles are famous for their ability to withstand and evolve against insecticides, so applying chemicals will do more harm than good. After all, this is an insect that lives exclusively on leaves from the Nightshade family, which is toxic to almost everything else.   A World Player Not many bugs have been accused of being covert Cold War agents. Potato beetle history reads like a spy novel. In the early 1950s, the Warsaw Pact accused the CIA of air-dropping potato beetles across East Germany to destroy their crops. After fields that American planes flew over were suddenly afflicted, a propaganda campaign, complete with posters, sprang up. Children across East Germany were sent out after school to collect and destroy the beetles, which were labelled amikafer, or “Yankee beetle.” The allegation was never proven one way or the other. In the 2014 Ukrainian conflict, pro-Russian rebels sported colours of St. George to show their allegiance to Moscow. The black and gold armbands have earned them the derogatory nickname kolorady, meaning “Colorado beetle” in both Ukrainian and Russian. – Keep in Touch with what’s happening at Salisbury Greenhouse Related Posts:


"In 1974, who said ""I don't want to be leader of the party. I'm happy to be in the top dozen""?"

The HildaBeast : snopes.com The HildaBeast Claim: List reproduces various statements made by Hillary Clinton. mixture Example: [Collected via e-mail, February 2007] WHAT A SWEET, WONDERFUL PERSON THE HILDABEAST IS. Cheers to the Truth! "Where is the G-damn f**king flag? I want the G-damn (From the book "Inside The White House" by Ronald Kessler, p. 244 - Hillary to the staff at the Arkansas Governor's mansion on Labor Day, 1991) "You sold out, you mother f**ker! You sold out!" (From the book "Inside" by Joseph Califano, p. 213 - Hillary yelling at Democrat lawyer.) "It's been said, and I think it's accurate, that my husband was obsessed by terrorism in general and al-Qaida in particular." (Hillary telling a post-9/11 world what a 'great' commander in chief her husband was; Dateline, NBC 4/16/2004.) "I have to admit that a good deal of what my husband and I have learned [about Islam] has come from our daughter." (TruthInMedia.org 8/8/1999 - Hillary at a White House function, proudly tells some Muslim groups she is gaining a greater appreciation of Islam because Chelsea was then taking a class on the "religion of peace") "F**k off! It's enough that I have to see you shit-kickers every day, I'm not going to talk to you too!! Just do your G*damn job and keep your mouth shut." (From the book "American Evita" by Christopher Anderson, p. 90 - Hillary to her State Trooper bodyguards after one of them greeted her with "Good morning." "If you want to remain on this detail, get your f**king ass over here and grab those bags!" (From the book "The First Partner" p. 259 - Hillary to a Secret Service Agent who was reluctant to carry her luggage because he wanted to keep his hands free in case of an incident.) "Get f**ked! Get the f**k out of my way!!! Get out of my face!!!" (From the book "Hillary's Scheme" p. 89 — Hillary's various comments to her Secret Service detail agents.) "Stay the f**k back, stay the f**k away from me! Don't come within ten yards of me, or else! Just f**king do as I say, Okay!!!?" (From the book "Unlimited Access", by Clinton FBI Agent in Charge, Gary Aldrige, p. 139 - Hillary screaming at her Secret Service detail.) "Many of you are well enough off that [President Bush's] tax cuts may have helped you. We're saying that for America to get back on track, we're probably going to cut that short and not give it to you. We're going to have to take things away from you on behalf of the common good." (Hillary grandstanding at a fund raising speech in San Francisco; SFGate.com 6/28/2004.) "Why do I have to keep proving to people that I am not a liar?!" (From the book "The Survivor," by John Harris, p. 382 - Hillary in her 2000 Senate campaign) "Where's the miserable c*ck sucker?" (From the book "The Truth About Hillary" by Edward Klein, p. 5 - Hillary shouting at a Secret Service officer) "No matter what you think about the Iraq war, there is one thing we can all agree on for the next days — we have to salute the courage and bravery of those who are risking their lives to vote and those brave Iraqi and American soldiers fighting to protect their right to vote." (Was posted on Hillary Clinton's senate.gov web site on 1/28/05) "Put this on the ground! I left my sunglasses in the limo. I need those sunglasses. We need to go back!" (From the book "Dereliction of Duty" p. 71-72 — Hillary to Marine One helicopter pilot to turn back while en route to Air Force One.) "A right-wing network was after his presidency ... including perverting the Constitution." (To Barbara Walters about the Republicans who impeached her husband; 20/20, ABC 6/8/2003.) "Son of a bitch." (From the book "American Evita" by Christopher Anderson, p. 259 - Hillary's opinion of President George W. Bush when she found out he secretly visited Iraq just days before her highly publicized trip to Iraq) "What are you doing inviting these people into my home? These people are our enemies! They are trying to destroy us!" (From the book "The Survivor" by John Harris, p. 99 - Hillary screaming to an aide, when she found out that some Republicans had been invited to


What name is given to the cold, dry, strong wind that blows down the Rhone valley to the Mediterranean coast?

Wind Names Evert Wesker, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ) Brisa, Briza 1.   A northeast wind which blows on the coast of South America or an east wind which blows on   Puerto Rico during the trade wind season. 2. The northeast monsoon in the Philippines. Brisote The   northeast trade wind when it is blowing stronger than usual on Cuba. Brubu A name   for a squall in the East Indies. Bull's Eye Squall A squall forming in fair weather, characteristic   of the ocean off the coast of South Africa. It is named for the peculiar appearance of the   small isolated cloud marking the top of the invisible vortex of the storm. Cape Doctor The   strong southeast wind which blows on the South African coast. Also called the DOCTOR. Caver, Kaver A   gentle breeze in the Hebrides. Chinook A type of foehn   wind. Refers to the warm downslope wind in the Rocky Mountains that may occur after an   intense cold spell when the temperature could rise by 20 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit in a   matter of minutes. Also known as the Snow Eater. (Weather Channel Glossary) Chubasco A   violent squall with thunder and lightning, encountered during the rainy season along the   west coast of Central America. Churada A   severe rain squall in the Mariana Islands during the northeast monsoon. They occur from   November to April or May, especially from January through March. Cierzo See   MISTRAL. Contrastes Winds   a short distance apart blowing from opposite quadrants, frequent in the spring and fall in   the western Mediterranean. Cordonazo The "Lash of St. Francis." Name applied locally to southerly hurricane winds along   the west coast of Mexico. It is associated with tropical cyclones in the southeastern   North Pacific Ocean. These storms may occur from May to November, but ordinarily affect   the coastal areas most severely near or after the Feast of St. Francis, October 4. Coromell A   night land breeze prevailing from November to May at La Paz, near the southern extremity   of the Gulf of California. Cyclone A severe tropical storm   (i.e., winds >64 knots) in the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal.   See also   Hurricane and Typhoon.  The term is also applied to closed circulations in the mid   latitudes and also popularly to small scale circulations such as tornadoes. Diablo Northern   California version of Santa Ana winds. These winds occur below canyons in the East Bay   hills (Diablo range) and in extreme cases can exceed 60 mph. They develop due to high   pressure over Nevada and lower pressure along the central California coast. (NWS San   Francisco Glossary) Doctor 1. A   cooling sea breeze in the Tropics. 2. See HARMATTAN. 3. The strong SE wind which blows on   the south African coast. Usually called CAPE DOCTOR. Elephanta A   strong southerly or southeasterly wind which blows on the Malabar coast of India during   the months of September and October and marks the end of the southwest monsoon. Etesian A   refreshing northerly summer wind of the Mediterranean, especially over the Aegean Sea. Euros The Greek name for the rainy,   stormy southeast wind. (Glossary of Meteorology) Foehn A warm dry wind   on the lee side of a mountain range, whose temperature is increased as the wind descends   down the slope. It is created when air flows downhill from a high elevation, raising the   temperature by adiabatic compression. Examples include the Chinook wind and the Santa Ana   wind. Classified as a katabatic wind. (Weather Channel Glossary) Fremantle Doctor A cooling seabreeze   in Western Australia,often made note of during hot summer-time cricket matches. (Ian   Staples, Australia) Gregale A   strong northeast wind of the central Mediterranean. Haboob  A strong   wind and sandstorm (or duststorm) in the northern and central Sudan, especially around   Khartum, where the average number is about 24 per year. The name come from the Arabic   word, "habb", meaning wind. (Bill Mork, California State Climatologist) Harmattan The   dry, dusty trade wind blowing off the Saha


Which crop in particular is damaged by the Boll Weevil?

Boll Weevil | New Georgia Encyclopedia Last edited by NGE Staff on 10/12/2016 The boll Boll Weevil weevil greatly affected Georgia's long history of cotton production between 1915, when the insect was introduced to Georgia, and the early 1990s, when it was eliminated as an economic pest. Yield losses associated with the boll weevil reduced cotton acreage from a historical high of 5.2 million acres during 1914 to 2.6 million acres in 1923. Although insecticides provided temporary relief, the cotton industry remained unprofitable, and planted acreage continued to decline, to a low of 115,000 acres in 1983. The boll weevil's decimation of the cotton industry in the South had implications for the entire region. The pest was a driving force behind the "great migration" of poor tenant farmers into northern cities, and the state's dependence on cash-crop production left its soil depleted and prone to erosion . In 1987 Georgia growers began participating in a program to eradicate the boll weevil. Over a period of years the program proved successful, and Georgia producers have increased cotton acreage and yields significantly while reducing their dependence on insecticides.  The adult boll weevil measures from three to eight millimeters from the tip of the snout to the abdomen, which is half the length of its body. Its color is usually reddish or grayish brown but may vary according to age and size. A distinctive characteristic is the double-toothed spur on the inner surface of each front leg. A newly hatched larva is inconspicuous, and the mature larva is white, legless, and about thirteen millimeters long. Larvae complete development in cotton fruiting structures. The primary damage to cotton occurs when female boll weevils deposit eggs in fruiting structures (e.g., flower buds, squares, seed pods, or bolls) on developing cotton plants. Upon hatching, the boll weevil larvae or grubs feed in the square, causing it to be shed by the plant or rendering the bolls unsuitable for harvest.  Boll Weevil Before eradication the boll weevil was the chief pest of cotton in Georgia as well as in other areas of the cotton belt. Indeed, the boll weevil was such an economic pest that it engendered an unprecedented amount of research and pesticide application. In 1972 it was estimated that one-third of all pesticides in the United States was applied to cotton for boll weevil prevention. Intensive use of broad-spectrum insecticides for boll-weevil control, such as calcium arsenate and DDT, often caused outbreaks of other insect pests because these insecticides cause the destruction of natural enemies that suppress various pest species in cotton, such as parasites and predatory insects. Fields that used broad-spectrum insecticides often had a loss in yield similar to that in fields that did not use broad-spectrum insecticides. The term "pesticide treadmill" was coined in the early 1970s to describe this cycle as it relates to the boll weevil: pesticides were developed and overapplied, the population of natural predators that were not targeted by the pesticide increased, and then new pesticides were developed and overapplied. This cycle both harmed the environment and did little to reduce crop loss. Additional hurdles to the boll weevil's eradication included the boll weevil's reproductive resilience. Studies found that even if 90 percent of a boll weevil population was treated in a given area, then the remaining population could still reproduce and reinfest the surrounding area after only four generations, which takes less time than a typical growing season. Several Boll Weevil Trap biological factors made it possible to eliminate the boll weevil. The ability to mass-produce boll weevil pheromones in 1972 and the development of advanced boll weevil traps were integral parts of boll weevil eradication. These traps were useful because they allowed farmers to limit the number of boll weevils on their land and because they allowed farmers to detect small populations of boll weevils before they ballooned into a large infestation Cultural practices f


What name is given to the hot, dry, dusty wind that blows from the Sahara to the Mediterranean coast?


The title of which Rod Stewart chart-topper was in the form of a question?

Rod Stewart | rhino.com Rod Stewart Rhino Factoids: Rod Stewart and the Faces Call It a Day Submitted by rhino on Wed, 10/12/2016 - 1:48pm 41 years ago today, the final Faces show took place. Not that there weren’t occasional reunions here and there, but insofar as their existence as a proper band goes, it concluded after their performance at New York’s Nassau Coliseum on October 12, 1975. Tags:  Happy Anniversary: Rod Stewart, Atlantic Crossing Submitted by rhino on Mon, 08/15/2016 - 2:40pm 41 years ago today, Rod Stewart released his sixth studio album as a solo artist and, in doing so, secured his fourth chart-topping album in a row in the UK. Unlike the LPs that had preceded it, however, Atlantic Crossing found Stewart putting the production responsibilities in someone else’s hands. Tags:  This Day in 1981: MTV Launches Submitted by rhino on Mon, 08/01/2016 - 2:39pm 35 years ago today, MTV went on the air and played 208 videos over the course of the first 24 hours. Not 208 different videos, mind you, but…well, look, we’re living in a world where the “M” in MTV hasn’t meant “music” in quite some time, so they could’ve played two videos and it would’ve been impressive. That they played 208 of them might completely blow the minds of a generation who grew up with non-stop non-music programming on the network. Tags:  Live 1976-1998: Tonight's The Night Submitted by rhino on Fri, 05/27/2016 - 12:00am One of the best-selling recording artists of all time, Rod Stewart has also earned the distinction of being one of the most beloved live performers in the world. LIVE 1976-1998: TONIGHT'S THE NIGHT shines a spotlight on Stewart's phenomenal legacy on stage with 58 unreleased concert recordings that include his biggest hits along with some incredible covers. Digital Roundup: 11/2/2015 Submitted by rhino on Sun, 11/01/2015 - 11:09pm Welcome to another one of those weeks where we've only got one new item being added to our digital catalog, but since the item is question is actually a four-disc set that features 64 tracks, it certainly seems more than worthy of receiving the spotlight all by its lonesome. Rod Stewart, Storyteller: Although there are many mainstream Stewart fans whose CD collections feature a scaled-down version of this compilation, the 12 tracks that make up Downtown Train: Selections from the Storyteller Anthology are in no way the sort of representation that an artist of Stewart's caliber deserves, which is why it's so great that the full box set has been made available digitally. Tags:  Once Upon a Time in the Top Spot: Rod Stewart, “You Wear It Well" Submitted by rhino on Wed, 09/02/2015 - 2:38pm 43 years ago today, a song went to #1 on the UK Singles chart that went on to be performed on an episode of The Facts of Life with Blair, Jo, Natalie, and Tootie contributing back-up vocals, and…hang on, what?!? We're very sorry: someone in the research department didn't check their facts (and very, very clearly didn't actually listen to the song in question) because they've mistaken the 1985 Debarge single “You Wear It Well” for Rod Stewart's “You Wear It Well.” As far as we know, Stewart's single was not featured in an episode of The Facts of Life, although it can be heard playing in the camp-tastic 1978 Joan Collins film The Stud, an achievement which in some circles is viewed as a status symbol of inestimable value. Tags:  Once Upon a Time in the Top Spot: “I Don’t Want to Talk About It” / “The First Cut is the Deepest” Submitted by rhino on Thu, 05/21/2015 - 11:36am 38 years ago today, Rod Stewart had a double A-side hit the top of the U.K. charts, which is an impressive but not unheard-of feat, but there’s an added twist in this instance: the songs were from different albums. Just to be obstinate, let’s start off by talking about “I Don’t Want to Talk About It,” a track written by Danny Whitten and originally recorded for Crazy Horse’s self-titled debut, released in 1971. Stewart recorded the song for his 1975 album, Atlantic Crossing, but when the album was released, its first big hit single was “Sailing,” whi


"Named for the Spanish for ""little cake"", what name is given to a Mexican thin pancake, made from cornmeal?"

Tortilla - definition of tortilla by The Free Dictionary Tortilla - definition of tortilla by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tortilla Related to tortilla: Tortilla de patatas tor·til·la  (tôr-tē′yə) n. A thin disk of unleavened bread made from masa or wheat flour and baked on a hot surface. [American Spanish, diminutive of Spanish torta, cake, from Late Latin tōrta, a kind of bread; akin to Greek tourta, an Attic cake of dates, flour, water, and oil baked covered in ashes, from Egyptian t-rtḥ, baked bread : t, bread + rtḥ, baked.] tortilla (tɔːˈtiːə) n (Cookery) Mexican cookery a kind of thin pancake made from corn meal and cooked on a hot griddle until dry [C17: from Spanish: a little cake, from torta a round cake, from Late Latin; see torte] tor•til•la (tɔrˈti ə) n., pl. -las. a thin, round, unleavened bread made from cornmeal or wheat flour, and baked on a griddle or stone. [1690–1700; < American Spanish, =tort(a) cake (see torte ) + -illa diminutive suffix] tortilla A form of flat unleavened bread, originating in Mexico. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:


May 21st. 1471, witnessed the murder by stabbing of which king in the Tower of London?

The Ceremony of the Lilies & Roses at the Tower of London | Spitalfields Life The Ceremony of the Lilies & Roses at the Tower of London May 24, 2011 by the gentle author At the core of the ancient palace at the Tower of London is a fine octagonal room with a lofty vault of stone, the Presence Chamber where the medieval kings of England held court - with one entrance leading back into the Tower and the other out towards the City. The Plantagenet dynasty came to a violent end here in the Wakefield Tower when Henry VI was imprisoned and then murdered in 1471, allegedly whilst at prayer in the oratory on the night of 21st May, the Vigil of the Ascension. In 1923, a marble tablet was laid in the oratory floor in memory of Henry and since then lilies have been placed there by students of Eton College upon the evening of each anniversary, commemorating Henry as their founder. And since 1947, the lilies have been supplemented by roses, a token of King’s College Cambridge, the other of the two royal colleges founded by Henry, as the enduring legacy of his ill-fated reign. Held in private, by the fading rays of the evening sun, to the accompaniment of a small choir singing plainsong, this is a quiet ritual of remembrance, and I was granted the opportunity to attend this year as the guest of John Keohane, Chief Yeoman Warder in the company of Spitalfields Life contributing photographer Patricia Niven , who took these first pictures of the ceremony of the lilies and roses in decades. Three weeks before Henry’s murder, his only son Edward was killed at the battle of Tewkesbury on May 4th where his wife, Margaret of Anjou, had been taken prisoner by the Yorkists – bringing the Wars of the Roses to an end. Seventeen years earlier, King Henry had suffered a breakdown and he declined into mental illness through the rest of his life, unleashing a power struggle within the kingdom that was only resolved by his death here upon the stone floor in this room in the Wakefield Tower. Once the Tower of London had emptied out of visitors at the end of the day, a procession gathered outside the Queen’s House on Tower Green, led by the Yeoman Warders. John Keohane first marched in this procession in 1992 as assistant Sexton, then in 1995 he was promoted to the Clerk’s position, rising to the role of Gaoler in 2000 before being appointed to Chief Yeoman Warder in 2004. Each role has its staff of office and John has carried every one, culminating in the solid silver mace with a finial in the shape of the Tower that he wields today. I accompanied the guests, winding up a narrow staircase of worn steps from Water Lane and crossing a stone bridge to enter the austere octagonal chamber where a single shaft of blazing sunlight traversed the space. From within the Tower, arriving through an ancient low doorway that required the crucifix to be lowered to enter, came the procession, warders with their maces, the chaplain and the governor of the Tower, the provosts of Eton and King’s Colleges in their dark gowns, the young scholars with their sheaves of lilies and roses, and the choir in their red vestments. Once this party took up their positions, facing the oratory and filling the chamber, the entire space took on its intended reality, as a place of ritual and the role play that accompanies the distinctions of hierarchy and responsibility. Plainsong in the confines of a medieval chamber carries a resonance that is intense and immersive, as if the number of singers were multiplied – an effect that was vividly apparent when the priest led those gathered in prayer and the voices were augmented through echo, as if a host of unseen guests joined us in attendance for the ceremony. The solemn gathering at twilight and the prayers and the psalms, in this bare stone hall, created a circumstance in which the age of Henry VI no longer seemed beyond reach. Outwith the quiet of the empty Tower of London at the end of the day, the City was busy, yet it dissolved into insubstantiality as we stood in silence together in the ancient Wakefield Tower – while the last shaft of


Which king was murdered at Berkley Castle in September 1327?

The 21st of September 1327 AD, Edward II killed at Berkeley Castle Edward II killed at Berkeley Castle Berkeley , Gloucestershire The 21st of September 1327 AD The inglorious reign of Edward II drew to an end in 1326. The people had suffered famine under his rule during a period of extreme weather conditions. The church had been ill-treated and seen possessions and treasures grabbed by Edwardï¿½s favourites. Scotland had been lost to the English for centuries to come; lands in Gascony were taken from him. Edward was not overwhelmed with support. So it was that the small invasion force of his own wife Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer grew apace as it progressed through the country, and Edward failed to rally any great nobles to his side to resist it. Edward fled to South Wales with his favourite (and possibly lover) Despencer, but on November 16 1326 they were caught in open country and captured by Henry of Lancaster. Despencer was soon tried and executed, after having his body engraved with biblical verses by the mob. Hanged then drawn and quartered like a common thief, he also suffered castration, probably as a brutal reaction to his presumed homosexuality. Edward was taken to Kenilworth Castle , where according to some accounts he was well treated. But the king was forced to abdicate, presented with a litany of his supposed crimes and failures, and also with an option: abdicate and see his son crowned in his place; or be deposed in favour of Roger de Mortimer. He chose the former, abdicating on January 20 1327, a decision made formal by Parliament a week later. The ex-king alive was an embarrassment to those who had dethroned him. On April 3 1327 he was moved to Berkeley Castle , where his treatment was aimed at breaking him without actual violence. He was deprived of light, fed badly, kept in appalling conditions, and his sleep was interrupted regularly. But Edward was an athlete, and had a strong will to live for all his ineffectiveness as a ruler. After one briefly successful attempt to free him, and possibly another had been discovered before it could be carried out, the need to remove the ex-king became more urgent. Roger Mortimer sent William Ockle and Thomas Gourney to Berkeley Castle to do the deed, Thomas de Berkeley conveniently absenting himself, an action that saved him from retribution in later years. The most probable cause of Edwardï¿½s death on September 21 1327 was either strangulation or smothering - quick, clean and leaving no visible signs of violence. But the more often quoted means of his destruction is far more brutal and agonising. Legend has it that the king was held down in his cell beneath either a table or a mattress, a horn inserted in his anus and pushed deep into his body, then a red-hot poker or copper rod inserted through the horn ï¿½ preventing any signs of burning on the exterior of the body ï¿½ and manoeuvred until his internal burns killed him, or possibly he died of shock. This legend has Edwardï¿½s screams heard for miles around, hardly a clever course of action for those wanting to claim as they did that Edward had died a natural death. As with Despencerï¿½s castration, there is definitely a reaction to Edwardï¿½s supposed sexual liaisons with Gaveston and Despencer in this version. There is a third possibility concerning Edwardï¿½s death at Berkeley, namely that it didnï¿½t happen. There are several sources leading historians to believe he fled to Ireland, or Italy, or even just faded into obscurity, one of them backed with the so-called Fieschi letter, published in 1872 and written by the Bishop of Vicelli, Manuele de Fieschi, chronicling Edwardï¿½s movements through Europe until Fieschi met him in Milan years after his purported demise. Given the risks to Isabella and Mortimer of Edward surviving, logic dictates he died at Berkeley Castle. How he died is unclear and will remain so, although it is said his ghost haunts this most atmospheric of castles during the month of September.


Which thick French soup, made from leeks, potatoes, chicken stock and cream, is usually served cold?

Vichyssoise - definition of vichyssoise by The Free Dictionary Vichyssoise - definition of vichyssoise by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/vichyssoise Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Related to vichyssoise: gazpacho A thick creamy potato soup flavored with leeks or onions, usually served cold. [French, from feminine of vichyssois, of Vichy.] vichyssoise (Cookery) a thick soup made from leeks, potatoes, chicken stock, and cream, usually served chilled [French, from (crème) Vichyssoise (glacée) (ice-cold cream) from Vichy] vi•chys•soise a thick cream soup made with potatoes and leeks, usu. served cold. [1915–20; < French (crême) vichyssoise (cream soup) of Vichy ] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: 1. vichyssoise - a creamy potato soup flavored with leeks and onions; usually served cold soup - liquid food especially of meat or fish or vegetable stock often containing pieces of solid food Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: soup References in periodicals archive ? Fans of Nick Clegg are likely to own a cat, listen to Cliff Richard, watch the BBC News and the Eurovision Song Contest, and slurp vichyssoise soup. Fat is Back We have Mock Bird's nest Soup from China, Alan Wong's Red & Yellow Tomato Soup from Hawaii, Chicken Mulligatawny Soup from India, Portuguese Fish Stew, Swedish Soup with Dumplings, Lobster Bisque and Crabmeat & Brie Soup from France, Chilled Vichyssoise from England, Irish Stew, Leek & Potato Soup from Wales, chilled soups, Island soups, Mexicali Tortilla Soup, and finally Clam Chowder New California style, and many more from the American continent and others of hybrid or mixed origins.


"Which city of the USA is known as ""The Athens of America""?"

Athens of America Origin, an Old Nickname for Boston The Hub Athens of America Origin A lesser known nickname for Boston is The Athens of America, used mainly in literary circles during the first half of the 20th Century. The origin is believed to be in a letter written in 1764 by Samuel Adams, as quoted in History of the United States, by George Bancroft, Volume 5, page 195 (1857), in which Adams wrote "Boston might become a Christian Sparta." Also, in 1819, William Tudor wrote a letter describing the town: "[Boston] is perhaps the most perfect and certainly the best-regulated democracy that ever existed. There is something so impossible in the immortal fame of Athens, that the very name makes everything modern shrink from comparison; but since the days of that glorious city I know of none that has approached so near in some points, distant as it may still be from that illustrious model." Aristides the Just On the western slope of Beacon Hill, at Louisburg Square, is a statue of Ancient Greek general and statesman Aristides the Just (530?-468 BC). Aristides led the army in a great victory over the Persians at the Battle of Plataea (479). In 478, he was a prominent leader in the formation of the confederacy of Greek city-states known as the Delian League. The Aristides statue on Beacon Hill was a significant symbol of the Athens of America alias, and also of 1850s Brahmin culture. Louisburg Square is collectively owned by a group of wealthy Boston residents. Joseph Iasigi, of Greek descent and one of the owners of the square, received approval in 1852 and installed the statue of Aristides. The square also hosts a statue of Christopher Columbus, installed about the same time, located at the opposite end as Aristides. In the early 1900s, a club of engineering and technology students resided at a building in the square, and Aristides became known as Uncle Louisburg or just Uncle Louie by the younger generations. Many of the quaint row houses and streets on Beacon Hill resemble parts of old London. This was of course, by design. According to the book Some Statues of Boston (1946), by State Street Trust Company, a former resident recalled that the Edison Company had at one time taken photographs of Louisburg Square, and thus avoided the need to travel to London to take photographs. Edinburgh in Scotland was also known as a Modern Athens at about the same time Boston was espousing its similarity with the ancient Greek city.


Which George Eliot novel was first published under the title, 'The Weaver Of Raveloe'?

Silas Marner by Eliot, George Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe. Eliot, George Edinburgh & London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1861. First edition. Carter's binding "A", which is the preferred and much more elaborate. With Blackwood and Carlyle ads at the rear (which only appear in some copies). Octavo, original orange cloth. In near fine condition with minor wear. "The finest of [Eliot's] studies of humble rural life" (Stanford Companion, 211). "Overwhelming are the glorious qualities which make [Eliot] a supreme novelist in an age of great novelists: her penetrating sympathy, her deep knowledge of humanity, her descriptive power, her lambent humor, the reflection of her extraordinary mind" (Kunitz and Haycraft). Silas Marner ELIOT, George Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1861. First Edition, In the Original Cloth Binding ELIOT, George. Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1861. First edition. Octavo (7 3/4 x 4 13/16 inches; 197 x 122 mm.). [6], 364 pp. plus 16 pp. publisher's advertisements, [4,unnumbered ads for the third edition of "Autobiography of Dr Alexander Carlyle"] pp. Original cinnamon diagonal ripple-grain cloth (Carter A, no priority established) with covers decoratively paneled in blind and spine decoratively stamped and lettered in gilt. Top edge rough-trimmed, fore and bottom edges trimmed. Original cream-colored endpapers. Booksellers ticket "Gilbert Brothers, Gracechurch St, London" on front paste-down. Neat ink presentation dated 1861 on front free-endpaper. Minimal rubbing to corners and spine extremities. Rear inner hinge just starting, some light foxing. An excellent copy. Chemised in a quarter red morocco slip-case. The advertisements are in placing "b" (eight plus two leaves, at rear, with the advertisements for the third edition of Autobiography of Dr Alexander Carlyle following the publisher's catalogue), and the "New Works" list is in the earlier form, with pp. [1] and [2] listing three and four titles respectively (p. [1]: John Petherick's Egypt, Soudan, and Central Africa, Sir Archibald Alison's Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir Charles Stewart ("In the press"), and the Count de Montalbert's The Monks of the West; p. [2]: George Finlay's History of the Greek Revolution ("In the press"), Rev. J. Cave-Browne's The Punjab and Delhi in 1857, David Page's The Past and Present Life of the Globe ("In the press"), and Henry Stephens' The Book of Farm Buildings ("In the press"). Baker & Ross A6.1.a. Carter, Binding Variants, pp. 111-112. Parrish, p. 15. Sadleir 819. Wolff 2063. Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, journalist, translator and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. She is the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Middlemarch (1871-72), and Daniel Deronda (1876), most of them set in provincial England and known for their realism and psychological insight. She used a male pen name, she said, to ensure her works would be taken seriously. Female authors were published under their own names during Eliot's life, but she wanted to escape the stereotype of women only writing lighthearted romances. She also wished to have her fiction judged separately from her already extensive and widely known work as an editor and critic. An additional factor in her use of a pen name may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with the married George Henry Lewes, with whom she lived for over 20 years. Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe is the third novel by George Eliot, published in 1861. An outwardly simple tale of a linen weaver, it is notable for its strong realism and its sophisticated treatment of a variety of issues ranging from religion to industrialisation to community. Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe Eliot, George Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1861. Hardcover in acceptable condition. No jacket. First edition. Roger Senhouse's copy. Senhous