In the novel 1984 what was the surname of Winston Smith's interrogator?

george orwell - What happened to Winston Smith at the end of 1984? - Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange What happened to Winston Smith at the end of 1984? up vote 51 down vote favorite 2 If you haven't read George Orwell's 1984, this contains spoilers, so you may want to stop reading now. I'm serious — no more jokes. This is your last chance. Next paragraph is a spoiler. While Winston Smith is being interrogated and brainwashed in 1984, at one point Winston asks about whether he'll be executed. O'Brien explains to him that they don't just execute someone, they break them down and teach them to love Big Brother. Then, when they're broken and soulless and content to be a member of the party, that's when they're executed. At the end of the story, after he's been forced to betray Julia, and sees her later and realizes his love for her has been destroyed, he realizes he loves Big Brother. Does this imply that, as O'Brien mentioned, now that Smith loves Big Brother, he will soon be executed when he's not expecting it? And, at that point, if he loves Big Brother, wouldn't he be glad to die for his past "sins" and give his life for Big Brother? Note: I'm not asking about the text of the book. I've read it, I know how it ends, I know what the last sentence in the book is. I phrased the question as I did to avoid providing spoilers. I'm asking if the ending, coupled with what we've read earlier, implies an execution, even though there isn't an explicit one in the book. 23   Or does it mean that the old Winston was executed when he was broken. He was then replaced with the new Winston that loves Big Brother. –  Xantec Feb 28 '12 at 16:57 17   @TangoOversway I'm guessing Xantec was referring to a figurative transformation (e.g. "the old me is dead... long live the new me!"). –  Beofett Feb 28 '12 at 17:14 1 @Beofett is correct in his interpretation of my statement. –  Xantec Feb 28 '12 at 17:20 1 @TangoOversway I felt ambivalent about it. –  Xantec Feb 28 '12 at 18:06 4   @user13575 I think you might be thinking of Brazil, which was directed by Terry Gilliam. I'm sure it was inspired by Nineteen Eighty-Four, but it wasn't it. –  Martin McCallion Nov 7 '14 at 14:38 up vote 41 down vote accepted While there's reference throughout "1984" that many people who confessed to supposed crimes and had become thorough believers in Big Brother were then literally executed, it's deliberately not made clear whether this was the fate of every one of them. Similarly, the ending of "1984" is far from making clear whether that's Winston's literal fate, at least during the last scene in the Chestnut Tree Cafe. If anything, it makes clear that the "bullet" that enters Winston's brain at that moment is allegorical, since he experiences it while imagining himself once again in the Ministry of Love, while he's actually still seated at the table in the cafe, and a moment later he's still alive in the cafe, with tears running down his cheeks, and inwardly expresses his love for Big Brother. It's possible, as others suggest here, that this is merely the precursor to his actual execution later--first a metaphorical bullet, followed some unknown time later by a literal bullet. It seems likely that Orwell left the ending somewhat ambiguous, because Winston's particular fate was meant to be seen either way, or both ways at once. The earlier descriptions of literal executions was sufficient to show that the state would carry out such real executions on some people, while Winston's experience in the cafe may have been meant to show they also might have carried out purely psychological executions on other people; and for still other people, they might have first performed the psychological execution, and then some time later, the literal execution. All options were either at the whim of the state, or (more likely) based on detailed examination of what would work best against the subject, and/or for the state. During Winston's brainwashing/torture, O'Brien makes contradictory statements about the state's plans for Winston, which to me implies nei


What is the name of the Islamic militant group active in Nigeria?

Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamist group? - BBC News BBC News Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamist group? 24 November 2016 Close share panel Image copyright AFP Image caption Abubakar Shekau (centre) pledged allegiance to the Islamic State group but it later disowned him Nigeria's militant Islamist group Boko Haram - which has caused havoc in Africa's most populous country through a wave of bombings, assassinations and abductions - is fighting to overthrow the government and create an Islamic state. Boko Haram promotes a version of Islam which makes it "haram", or forbidden, for Muslims to take part in any political or social activity associated with Western society. This includes voting in elections, wearing shirts and trousers or receiving a secular education. Boko Haram regards the Nigerian state as being run by non-believers, regardless of whether the president is Muslim or not - and it has extended its military campaign by targeting neighbouring states. Image copyright AFP Image caption Boko Haram has attacked many schools in northern Nigeria Image copyright AFP Image caption The group launched its insurgency in 2009 The group's official name is Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad, which in Arabic means "People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad". Resisting British rule But residents in the north-eastern city of Maiduguri, where the group had its headquarters, dubbed it Boko Haram. Loosely translated from the region's Hausa language, this means "Western education is forbidden". Boko originally meant fake but came to signify Western education, while haram means forbidden. Boko Haram at a glance Image caption Boko Haram's founding leader Mohammed Yusuf was killed in police custody in 2009 Founded in 2002 Official Arabic name, Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad, means "People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad" Initially focused on opposing Western education Launched military operations in 2009 to create Islamic state Designated a terrorist group by US in 2013 Declared a caliphate in areas it controlled in 2014 Most territory now recaptured by army What is jihadism? Recruiting ground Since the Sokoto caliphate, which ruled parts of what is now northern Nigeria, Niger and southern Cameroon, fell under British control in 1903, there has been resistance among some of the area's Muslims to Western education. Many still refuse to send their children to government-run "Western schools", a problem compounded by the ruling elite which does not see education as a priority. Against this background, charismatic Muslim cleric Mohammed Yusuf formed Boko Haram in Maiduguri in 2002. He set up a religious complex, which included a mosque and an Islamic school. Many poor Muslim families from across Nigeria, as well as neighbouring countries, enrolled their children at the school. But Boko Haram was not only interested in education. Its political goal was to create an Islamic state, and the school became a recruiting ground for jihadis. Media captionBoko Haram in 60 seconds In 2009, Boko Haram carried out a spate of attacks on police stations and other government buildings in Maiduguri, capital of Borno state. This led to shoot-outs on Maiduguri's streets. Hundreds of Boko Haram supporters were killed and thousands of residents fled the city. Nigeria's security forces eventually seized the group's headquarters, capturing its fighters and killing Mr Yusuf. His body was shown on state television and the security forces declared Boko Haram finished. Image copyright AFP Image caption A regional coalition has recaptured much territory from Boko Haram But its fighters regrouped under a new leader, Abubakar Shekau, and stepped up their insurgency. In 2013, the US designated it a terrorist organisation , amid fears that it had developed links with other militant groups, such as al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, to wage a global jihad. Facial marks Boko Haram's trademark was originally the use of gunmen on motorbikes, killing police, politicians and anyone who critic


Who wrote the play 'Fear and Misery of the Third Reich'?

Fear and Misery of the Third Reich Fear and Misery of the Third Reich Fear That Brecht considered fear to be the primary force driving the Third Reich is evident in his poem 'The Anxieties of the Regime', written at around the same time as Fear and Misery of the Third Reich (see Additional Texts). In this poem, a tourist who has recently returned from a visit to the Third Reich is asked who is in charge there, to which he replies: 'Fear'. This idea corresponds to the absence on stage of any leading Nazi figures. Rather, the play's focus rests on the impact that these figures, and their apparatus of terror, have on the German population. The fear and misery that they generate stand in for these leading figures, and their physical absence makes their power all the more haunting. The title given, with Brecht's consent, to the English version of Fear and Misery of the Third Reich reflects more closely this focus on ordinary Germans: The Private Life of the Master Race. Other titles that were given to the play at different stages of its genesis were 99%, an ironic allusion to the percentage of the German population that allegedly supported Hitler's occupation of theRhineland, according to a referendum in March 1936, and 'nineteenthirtyeight', the title that Brecht had in mind for a publication of the play with a selection of his exile poems. These titles reflect different aspects of the play, with the latter in particular emphasising the immediacy of its subject matter and underlining its documentary character. However, Fear and Misery of the Third Reich remained the play's principal and lasting title and it is indeed the most appropriate, for it is these two features of the Third Reich that define the entirety of the play's action. Just as the play displays a panoramic vista of German society, so it portrays a range of different kinds of fear, emphasising the all-encompassing nature of the Nazi terror. Although the fear of persecution pervades the action, usually in the form of the terror exercised by the SA, SS and other Nazi functionaries, it is the less obvious forms of fear that have a more disturbing impact on the spectator. It is striking, for example, that the first scene does not portray fear of the SS, but rather the persecutors' fear of the persecuted. Set on the day of Hitler's accession to power, and therefore at a time when his followers should be feeling more secure than ever, the SS soldiers' crippling fear of the unknown other is represented. Having wandered into a part of Berlin that they do not know, the two soldiers fear for their own safety and so shoot indiscriminately at the slightest noise, indicative both of their own fear and of the irrational nature of Nazi fanaticism. The play thus makes a bold statement at its very opening: that the fear that defines the Third Reich is not only top-down, but envelops those who are themselves ostensibly in control. This reversal of the expected order is extended to the ordinary German figures in the play, whose relationships are disrupted by the all-pervasive fear. Fear and distrust define the relationships between parents and children ('The spy', 'The Sermon on the Mount'), neighbours ('A case of betrayal'), old friends ('Release') and colleagues ('The physicists', 'Judicial process'). Significantly,these fears are rarely lent foundation by the action, but instead it is the fear itself that becomes the dominant motivating force. For example, although the audience is led to believe that the son in 'The spy' has not informed on his parents, nor has any intention of doing so, the parents' anxiety about the possibility of betrayal destroys their relationship anyway. Similarly, when a comrade is released from a concentration camp ('Release'), his neighbours can no longer trust him, for fear that he might have become an informer, which leaves their formerly close relationship in ruins. The spectre of betrayal, introduced in the second scene but thereafter not given such concrete form, thus haunts the entire play, more threatening precisely because of its enigmatic natur


Who is the current Vice President of the USA?

Vice President Joe Biden | whitehouse.gov Vice President Joe Biden Other Advisory Boards Vice President Joe Biden Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr., represented Delaware for 36 years in the U.S. Senate before becoming the 47th and current Vice President of the United States. Download Hi-res (1256 KB) Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr., was born November 20, 1942, in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the first of four siblings. In 1953, the Biden family moved from Pennsylvania to Claymont, Delaware. He graduated from the University of Delaware and Syracuse Law School and served on the New Castle County Council. Then, at age 29, he became one of the youngest people ever elected to the United States Senate. Just weeks after the election, tragedy struck the Biden family when Biden's wife, Neilia and their one-year-old daughter, Naomi, were killed and their two young sons critically injured in an auto accident. Vice President Biden was sworn in to the U.S. Senate at his sons' hospital bedside and began commuting to Washington every day by train, a practice he maintained throughout his career in the Senate. In 1977, Vice President Biden married Jill Jacobs. Jill Biden, who holds a Ph.D. in Education, is a life-long educator and currently teaches at a community college in Northern Virginia. The Vice President’s son, Beau (1969-2015), was Delaware's Attorney General from 2007-2015 and a Major in the 261st Signal Brigade of the Delaware National Guard. He was deployed to Iraq in 2008-2009. The Vice President’s other son, Hunter, is an attorney who manages a private equity firm in Washington, D.C. and is Chairman of the World Food Program USA. And his daughter Ashley is a social worker and is Executive Director of the Delaware Center for Justice. Vice President Biden has five grandchildren: Naomi, Finnegan, Roberta Mabel ("Maisy"), Natalie, and Robert Hunter. As a Senator from Delaware for 36 years, Vice President Biden established himself as a leader in facing some of our nation's most important domestic and international challenges. As Chairman or Ranking Member of the Senate Judiciary Committee for 17 years, then-Senator Biden was widely recognized for his work on criminal justice issues, including the landmark 1994 Crime Law and the Violence Against Women Act. As Chairman or Ranking Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 12 years, then-Senator Biden played a pivotal role in shaping U.S. foreign policy. He has been at the forefront of issues and legislation related to terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, post-Cold War Europe, the Middle East, and Southwest Asia. Now, as the 47th Vice President of the United States, Joe Biden has continued his leadership on important issues facing the nation. The Vice President was tasked with implementing and overseeing the $840 billion stimulus package in the  American Recovery and Reinvestment Act , which has helped to rebuild our economy and lay the foundation for a sustainable economic future. The Vice President also leads the Ready to Work Initiative , the Administration’s key effort to identify opportunities to improve our nation’s workforce skills and training systems to help better prepare American workers for the jobs of a 21st century economy. The Vice President has continued to draw upon his years in the United States Senate to work with Congress on key issues including the 2013 reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act. As a longtime advocate against sexual assault and domestic violence, the Vice President appointed the first-ever White House Advisor on Violence Against Women . The Vice President has also been tasked with convening sessions of the President’s Cabinet and leading interagency efforts, particularly to reduce gun violence and raise the living standards of middle class Americans in his role as Chair of the Middle Class Task Force . Vice President Biden has traveled to 48 states as part of the Administration’s continuing efforts to focus key priorities such as college affordability and American manufacturing growth. With decades of foreign policy experience in the Unite


Who is the mother of Aphrodite in Greek mythology?

Aphrodite Aphrodite See More Aphrodite Pictures > Aphrodite was the goddess of love, desire and beauty. Apart from her natural beauty, she also had a magical girdle that compelled everyone to desire her. There are two accounts of her birth. According to one, she was the daughter of Zeus and Dione , the mother goddess worshipped at the Oracls of Dodona. However, the other account, which is more prevalent, informs us that she arose from the sea on a giant scallop, after Cronus castrated Uranus and tossed his severed genitals into the sea. Aphrodite then walked to the shore of Cyprus. In a different version of the myth, she was born near the island of Cythera, hence her epithet "Cytherea". Aphrodite was married to Hephaestus ; however, she had an affair with her brother Ares , god of war. When Hephaestus found out about the affair, he devised a plan and managed to humiliate his wife and her lover to the other Olympians . Her holy tree was the myrtle, while her holy birds were the dove, the swan, and the sparrow. Aphrodite represented sex, affection, and the attraction that binds people together. Aphrodite Is also called Venus, Afrodite.


Chemical Elements.com - Beryllium (Be) Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Beryllium. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/be.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license  agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.


Sturnus Vulgaris is more commonly known as what bird?

Sturnus vulgaris, Starling Scientific Name: Sturnus vulgaris Common Name: Starling Sturnus vulgaris, more commonly known as the Starling, is essentially black with purplish and green iridescence and pale, almost white spots covering the plumage, these being most obvious in winter months. The bill is yellow in summer, brown in winter. Wings look very triangular in flight. Young birds (see inset photo above) are light brown and are sometimes confused with female blackbirds.They are omnivorous, taking many insects and other invertebrates as well as fruit. A regular at any bird table, often arriving in numbers and frightening other birds away. Their nest is an untidy cup of stalks and leaves, lined with moss and feathers and usually built in holes in trees or buildings or in dense creepers such as ivy. Seen commonly in parks and gardens. Huge numbers can gather together in noisy roosts in winter, often on town buildings. Widespread throughout the UK, although has been in decline in recent years. www.uknature.co.uk is a website dedicated to showing the immense diversity of UK nature and wildlife. Our vast range of habitats, from lowland arable to snow covered mountains, from storm-ravaged coastlines to peaceful inland freshwater lakes and rivers, from dry, sandy heaths to deciduous and coniferous forests, all these habitats contribute to the abundance of UK nature. We have wild birds in huge numbers either residing or visiting our shores (597 recorded species as at July 2013) and we must also not forget the humble back garden with its grass lawns, flower beds filled with nectar rich flowers, shrubs and trees, all designed to attract huge numbers of insects such as bees, moths, butterflies and hoverflies; and finally the small ponds which provide safe havens for frogs, toads, newts and even slow worms and grass snakes. www.uknature.co.uk is the showcase for my personal passion, photographing uknature in all its glory. I sincerely hope you all enjoy the fruits of my labours. This site and all images contained therein is © Jeremy Lee 2004 - 2016. All Rights Reserved. Site design by DDS . Web Development by Stuart Lee at updownleftright.net


Which country won cricket's first World Cup in 1975?

Cricket World Cup England 1975 Sri Lanka East Africa (composed of players from Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia) A notable omission from the tournament was the South African cricket team who were not competing due to the international sports boycott. The preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 teams. The top two teams from each group played the semifinals, and the winners of these played the final. The final was played at the Lords ground , between West Indies and Australia, with the favorites the West Indies winning by 17 runs. The West Indies scored 291  runs in 60 overs at a loss of 8 wickets. In reply Australia made274 runs in 58.4 overs  all out. The West Indian captain was Clive Lloyd. New Zealand and England were the other semifinalists. Share:


Who has taken over from the late Hugo Chavez as Venezuelan President?

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez ‘Fighting for his Life’ | FOX40 Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez ‘Fighting for his Life’ Posted 3:30 PM, March 2, 2013, by Cecilio Padilla This is an archived article and the information in the article may be outdated. Please look at the time stamp on the story to see when it was last updated. Hugo Chavez (Courtesy CNN) (CNN) — The official government line on Hugo Chavez’ health has taken a darker tone as political allies and opponents squabble over the handling of the bad news. The Venezuelan president is “fighting for his life,” the country’s vice president said late Friday. Chavez began chemotherapy after his fourth cancer surgery in Cuba in December, Vice President Nicolas Maduro revealed for the first time, and he is continuing the “intense” treatment at a military hospital in Caracas. Supporters attended a Mass on Friday in the chapel of the Military Hospital Carlos Arvelo in Caracas, where Chavez has undergone treatment, according to state news agency AVN. They prayed for his full recovery and gazed upon photos of the president taken with his daughters on February 15. They called out: “We love you Chavez; we love you,” AVN reported. The president, who announced his cancer diagnosis in 2011, spent more than two months in treatment in Cuba and has suffered respiratory insufficiency. The government has never specified what kind of cancer Chavez has. Citizens attended rallies in the capital Friday, either criticizing the government for not saying enough about the president’s health or joining with the government in blasting the rumor mill surrounding the ailing Chavez. At one rally, students wearing clothing patterned after the Venezuelan flag camped out under awnings to protest. One demonstrator displayed a complex labyrinth drawn on paper with the title “Where is Chavez?” Another demanded to know whether the president was still alive. He and others draped heavy chains around their necks and arms. At a separate rally, Maduro told socialist supporters wearing red that some of the press was attacking Chavez with unfair rumors. Foreign news outlets have carried unsourced reports indicating that his condition has plummeted much more than Maduro is letting on. From his confirmed Twitter account, Chavez’ opponent in the 2012 presidential election accused the vice president Friday of deception. “We will see how they will explain to the nation in coming days all the lies that have been said about the President’s situation,” former presidential candidate Henrique Capriles Radonski tweeted. The president’s faltering health held Chavez in Cuba until late February, causing him to miss his January 10 inauguration by well over a month. While political opponents said that postponing the inauguration was unconstitutional, Venezuela’s Supreme Court sided with Chavez’s party, which argued that he did not need to be present at the swearing in for his next term. Instead of holding a traditional inauguration ceremony, throngs of supporters in Caracas swore an oath of loyalty in Chavez’s absence. Many waved flags and carried photos of the president. Under the Venezuelan constitution, if Chavez were to die, then Maduro would take over as interim president and new elections would be held within 30 days. Before his most recent surgery, Chavez named Maduro as the man he would like to succeed him. Maduro is a Chavez loyalist who has also served as foreign minister. He is seen as close to the Cuban government and as someone who will continue on the path that Chavez set for Venezuela. Maduro would be a likely candidate for the ruling party in the event of new elections.


The Battle of Culloden in 1746 was fought near which Scottish city?

BBC - History - Scottish History Scottish History     Culloden        is an evocative place for many people. Not only is it the site of        the last full-scale battle to take place on British soil, and the        last stand of an ancient royal dynasty which traced its ancestry        back to the Dark Age Gaelic Kingdom of Dal Riata and beyond, but        it is also the place where the Highland clan culture of Scotland        sang its last song. The Battle of Culloden in 1746 meant, quite        simply, the end of an era for Scotland. Culloden         Factsheet The Battle         of Culloden was fought on Drumossie Moor, to the north east of         Inverness, on April 16, 1746. It was the last of the great Jacobite         risings - popular attempts to reinstate a Stuart monarch on the         throne of Britain - and was led by Charles Edward Stuart, also         known as Bonnie Prince Charlie or the Young Pretender. The term          Jacobite comes from the name Jacobe, which is Latin          for James - a popular Christian name among Stuart kings. Charles          was the son of the Old Pretender, James Francis Edward Stuart,          and grandson of the deposed James II of England. He landed on          the shores of Scotland in July 1745 in an attempt to oust King          George II and his Hanoverian line from the throne, which had          become the birthright of his family in 1603 when King James          VI of Scotland had travelled south to become King James I of          England and Ireland. Charles          raised support for his rising amongst the Highland clans which          were devoted to the Jacobites, although not all clans were loyal          to his cause and many openly supported the Hanoverians. The          majority of lowland Scotland is also thought to have opposed          the Jacobite rising of 45, although they did have many          supporters there as well as in England and the continent - traditionally          in France. Many nobles supported the rising and Lord George          Murray and the Duke of Perth joined the Young Pretenders          ranks as lieutenant-generals. Charles          and his gathering army reached Perth on September 4, 1745, where          the Young Pretender proclaimed his father, the Old Pretender,          to be the rightful King. He took Edinburgh on September 17 and          won a decisive victory at Prestonpans on September 21. Carlisle          fell on November 15 after a short, five-day siege, and the Jacobites          marched on toward London through Lancaster, Preston and Manchester.          The army reached Derby on December 4, but turned back to Scotland          two days later on the advice of Lord George Murray and several          of the Highland Chiefs when it became clear that the much-promised          support of the French and the English Jacobites wasnt          forthcoming. It was this retreat, against the wishes of Charles          himself, which many historians believe to have been the fatal          move which defeated the 45 rising. Once back          in Scotland Charles was victorious against the government forces          at Falkirk on January 17, 1746, and was involved in siege at          Stirling Castle. However, morale in the Jacobite camp was wavering          and the Jacobites retreated into the Highlands in early February          as the Duke of Cumberland advanced with a larger Hanoverian          force. Charles then took Inverness from the Earl of Loudoun          and raided various others government strongholds in the spring


Who plays Captain Kirk in the 2013 Star Trek film?

Chris Pine - IMDb IMDb Actor | Soundtrack | Writer Chris Pine was born in Los Angeles. His parents are actors Robert Pine and Gwynne Gilford , and his maternal grandparents were Max M. Gilford , a president of the Hollywood Bar Association, and actress Anne Gwynne . His sister, Katherine Pine , has also acted. Chris's ancestry is Russian Jewish (from his maternal grandfather), English, German, Welsh, ... See full bio » Born: a list of 38 people created 10 Feb 2012 a list of 49 people created 16 Jul 2012 a list of 32 people created 27 Jul 2014 a list of 25 people created 01 Sep 2014 a list of 35 people created 29 Aug 2015 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Chris Pine's work have you seen? User Polls Nominated for     1     Primetime Emmy. Another    6 wins & 22 nominations. See more awards  » Known For Star Trek Beyond Captain James T. Kirk (2016)  2005 Six Feet Under (TV Series) Young Sam Hoviak  2004 American Dreams (TV Series) Joey Tremain  2003 CSI: Miami (TV Series) Tommy Chandler  2003 The Guardian (TV Series) Lonnie Grandy - Hazel Park (2003) ... Lonnie Grandy  2003 ER (TV Series)  2010 Small Town Saturday Night ("Someday Came Today") Hide   2007 Smokin' Aces: The Big Gun (Video short) (special thanks) Hide   2007-2017 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) Himself / Himself - Into the Woods  2016 Star Trek Beyond: Properly Outfitted (Video documentary short) Himself  2016 Star Trek Beyond: Small World (Video documentary short) Himself  2016 Star Trek Beyond: Spliced (Video documentary short) Himself  2016 Star Trek Beyond: Visually Effective (Video documentary short) Himself  2009-2016 Días de cine (TV Series) Himself  2012-2016 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) Himself  2016 CBS This Morning (TV Series) Himself  2016 WGN Morning News (TV Series) Himself  2009-2016 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (TV Series) Himself / Himself - Horrible Bosses 2  2016 The Talk (TV Series) Himself  2012-2016 Good Morning America (TV Series) Himself - Guest / Himself  2012-2016 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) Himself - Guest / Himself - Into the Woods  2016 Access Hollywood (TV Series) Himself  2016 Film 2016 (TV Series) Himself - Interviewee  2013-2016 Weekend Ticket (TV Series short) Himself  2014-2016 The Insider (TV Series) Himself / Himself - Into the Woods  2015 Red Nose Day (TV Special) Himself  2014 Janela Indiscreta (TV Series) Himself  2014 Rencontres de cinéma (TV Series) Himself  2014 E! News (TV Series) Himself  2013 Vivir de cine (TV Series) Himself  2013 Alaska y Mario (TV Series) Himself  2013 Evening Urgant (TV Series) Himself  2013 Star Trek Into Darkness Special (TV Movie documentary) Himself  2012 Sidewalks Entertainment (TV Series) Himself - Guest / Himself  2012 The Big Picture (TV Series) Himself  2012 ES.TV HD (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2012 MSN Exclusives (TV Series) Himself  2011 The Fastest Track: Unleashing 'Unstoppable' (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Star Trek: Aliens (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Star Trek: A New Vision (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Star Trek: Casting (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Star Trek: Gene Rodenberry's Vision (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Star Trek: Planets (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Star Trek: Props & Costumes (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Star Trek: Score (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Star Trek: Starships (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Star Trek: To Boldly Go (Video documentary short) Himself  2009 Saturday Night Live (TV Series) Himself  2009 Special zu 'Star Trek XI' (TV Movie documentary) Himself  2008 Artist on Artist (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2014-2017 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) Himself / Himself - Into the Woods  2016 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) Himself  2016 Hollywood Today Live (TV Series) Himself  2015 Saturday Night Live (TV Series) Himself  2014 Lennon or McCartney (Documentary short) Himself TV commercial for "Armani Code Ice" men's fragrance - Model See more » Publicity Listings: 2 Articles | 2 Pictorials | 4 Magazine Cover Photos | See more » Alterna


The bird genus corvidae consists mainly of what commonly known bird?

Corvid family Corvidae Island Scrub-Jay Florida Scrub-Jay The two other widespread and common North American jays, both of them bearing crests, are Steller's Jay of the West (above left), and Blue Jay in the East (above right). Even non-birders have heard of "blue jays" so that is the term most often used for both scrub-jays and Steller's Jays in western North America. A "real" Blue Jay in California is a super vagrant (and the one shown above right was, indeed, a major rarity for this State!). A northern species — Gray Jay (right) — resides in coniferous forests across northern North America, and ranges only to the most northern parts of California. It can be elusive to find but is actually quite tame around campgrounds, and one of its local names is "Camp Robber." Jays in the Neotropics include some strange and beautiful species. One colorful but very secretive example is Black-throated Jay of montane forests from southern Mexico to Honduras. Perhaps no Central American corvid is more highly sought than Tufted Jay (above right) with its outrageous frontal crest. It is endemic to cloud-forested barrancas in northwestern Mexico, moving in loose bands that are sometimes hard to find, but curious and approachable when located. It was only discovered in 1934; many longtime Mexican observers still use the old name "Dickey Jay" which has a certain panache. In South America there is another set of exotic jays, including Curl-crested Jay (below left) of wooded patches in open grasslands, and yet another deep blue to violet-colored species, the rather secretive Purplish Jay of the Pantanal.   Photos: The photo of Common Green-Magpie Cissa chinensis was taken from a hide near Kaeng Krachen NP, Thailand, on 20 Dec 2012. The Western Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma californica was in my backyard in Pacific Grove, California, on 24 Apr 2011; additional shots of this species are farther down the page. The Little Crow Corvus bennetti was feeding on a dead wallaroo at Simpsons Gap in West MacDonnell NP, Australia on 16 Aug 2008. The American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos was a youngster in my Pacific Grove backyard on 24 June 2011. The Forest Raven Corvus tasmanicus was at Peter Murrell Reserve, Tasmania, on 21 Aug 2008. The White-necked Raven Corvus albicollis was at Nieuwoudtville Wildflower Reserve, South Africa, on 6 Jul 2005. The Collared Crow Corvus torquatus was near Foping Reserve, China, on 10 Nov 2010. The family of Piping Crow Corvus typicus was in Lore Lindu NP, Sulawesi, on 27 Sep 2011. The Long-billed Crow Corvus validus was near Foli, Halmahera, Indonesia, on 10 Oct 2011. The Red-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa erythrorhyncha was was at a temple near Mae Wong NP, Thailand, on 29 Dec 2012. The Eurasian Magpie Pica pica was in Vondelpark, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on 6 July 2013. The Yellow-billed Magpie Pica nuttalli was in California's Central Valley on 5 Feb 2005. The Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda was at Ranthambhore NP, India, on 21 Mar 2001. The Clark's Nutcracker Nucifraga columbina was near Yosemite NP, California, on 12 Aug 2009. The vagrant Eurasian Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes was at Texel, the Netherlands, on 15 Oct 1991. The Mongolian Ground-Jay Podoces hendersoni was in the Caka Valley, Tibetan Plateau, China, on 20 June 2004. The Eurasian Jackdaw Corvus monedula was in Vondelpark, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on 6 July 2013.The bathing Western Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma californica was at Laguna Grande Park, Seaside, California, on 20 Nov 2007; the adult feeding young was in my Pacific Grove backyard on 8 July 2006. The Island Scrub-Jay A. insularis was on Santa Cruz I., California, on 17 Aug 1992. The Florida Scrub-Jay A. coerulescens was at Jonathan Dickinson State Park, Florida, on 21 Apr 2000. The Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri was in my Pacific Grove backyard on 22 Sep 2013. The vagrant Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata was at Rockville, Solano Co., California, on 15 Jan 2006. The Gray Jay Perisoreus canadensis was at Little River, Mendocino Co., California, on 1 July 2001. The Black-throated Jay Cyanolyca pumil


Strontium»the essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Element News Strontium: the essentials Strontium does not occur as the free element. Strontium is softer than calcium and decomposes water more vigorously. Freshly cut strontium has a silvery appearance, but rapidly turns a yellowish colour with the formation of the oxide. The finely divided metal ignites spontaneously in air. Volatile strontium salts impart an excellent crimson colour to flames, and these salts are used in pyrotechnics. The picture above shows the colour arising from adding strontium sulphate salt (SrSO4) to a burning mixture of potassium chlorate and sucrose. Do not attempt this reaction unless are a professionally qualified chemist and you have carried out a legally satisfactory hazard assessment. Strontium-90 (90Sr) has a half-life of 28 years. It is a product of nuclear fallout and presents a major health problem. Strontium titanate is an interesting optical material as it has an extremely high refractive index and an optical dispersion greater than that of diamond. It has been used as a gemstone, but it is very soft. This sample is from The Elements Collection , an attractive and safely packaged collection of the 92 naturally occurring elements that is available for sale. Strontium: historical information Strontium was discovered by Adair Crawford in 1790 at Scotland. Origin of name : named after the village of "Strontian" in Scotland. Adair Crawford in 1790 recognized a new mineral (strontianite) in samples of witherite (a mineral consisting of barium carbonate, BaCO3) from Scotland. It was some time before it was recognised that strontianite contained a new element. Strontianite is now known to consists of strontium carbonate, SrCO3. The element itself was not isolated for a number of years after this when strontium metal was isolated by Davy by electrolysis of a mixture containing strontium chloride and mercuric oxide in 1808. Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of Chemical Philosophy. The symbol used by Dalton for strontium is shown below. [See History of Chemistry, Sir Edward Thorpe, volume 1, Watts & Co, London, 1914.] Strontium around us Strontium has no biological role. Strontium metal is never found free in nature. The principal strontium ores are celestite and strontianite. Abundances for strontium in a number of different environments. More abundance data » Location Second ionisation energy : 1064.2 kJ mol‑1 Isolation Isolation : strontium metal is available commercially and there is no need to make it in the laboratory. Commercially it is made on small scale by the electrolysis of molten strontium chloride, SrCl2. cathode: Sr2+(l) + 2e- → Sr anode: Cl-(l) → 1/2Cl2 (g) + e- Strontium metal can also be islated from the reduction of strontium oxide, SrO, with aluminium. 6SrO + 2Al → 3Sr + Sr3Al2O6 Read more » Strontium has four stable isotopes and two of them have medical applications. Sr-86 is used for the production of the PET isotope Y-86 which is used in dosimetry prior to Y-90 based radioimmunotherapy. Sr-88 is used for the production of Sr-89 which is the active agent in MetastronTM.


In psychoanalysis what word describes the 'death instinct'?

Life Instincts (Eros) and Death Instincts (Thanatos) By Kendra Cherry Updated May 06, 2016 Sigmund Freud’s theory of drives evolved throughout his life and work. He initially described a class of drives known as the life instincts and believed that these drives were responsible for much of behavior. Eventually, he came to believe that these life instincts alone could not explain all human behavior. Freud determined that all instincts fall into one of two major classes: the life instincts or the death instincts. Life Instincts (Eros) Sometimes referred to as sexual instincts, the life instincts are those that deal with basic survival, pleasure, and reproduction. These instincts are essential for sustaining the life of the individual as well as the continuation of the species. While they are often called sexual instincts, these drives also include such things as thirst, hunger, and pain avoidance. The energy created by the life instincts is known as libido . Behaviors commonly associated with the life instinct include love , cooperation and other prosocial actions . Death Instincts (Thanatos) The concept of the death instincts was initially described in Freud's book Beyond the Pleasure Principle, in which he proposed that “the goal of all life is death” (1920). He noted that after people experience a traumatic event (such as war), they often reenact the experience. He concluded that people hold an unconscious desire to die, but that the life instincts largely temper this wish. In Freud’s view, self-destructive behavior is an expression of the energy created by the death instincts. When this energy is directed outward onto others, it is expressed as aggression and violence.


Who is known as the founder of the science of genetics?

Mendel as the Father of Genetics :: DNA from the Beginning Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits. He recognized the mathematical patterns of inheritance from one generation to the next. Mendel's Laws of Heredity are usually stated as: 1) The Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair. Parental genes are randomly separated to the sex cells so that sex cells contain only one gene of the pair. Offspring therefore inherit one genetic allele from each parent when sex cells unite in fertilization. 2) The Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another. 3) The Law of Dominance: An organism with alternate forms of a gene will express the form that is dominant. The genetic experiments Mendel did with pea plants took him eight years (1856-1863) and he published his results in 1865. During this time, Mendel grew over 10,000 pea plants, keeping track of progeny number and type. Mendel's work and his Laws of Inheritance were not appreciated in his time. It wasn't until 1900, after the rediscovery of his Laws, that his experimental results were understood. After his death, Mendel's personal papers were burned by the monks. Luckily, some of the letters and documents generated by Mendel were kept in the monastery archives. Why weren't Mendel's Laws understood until 1900?


Lady Jane Grey was great granddaughter of which English king?

BBC - History -   Historic Figures: Lady Jane Grey (1537 - 1554) z Lady Jane Grey    © Jane was nominal queen of England for just nine days in 1553, as part of an unsuccessful bid to prevent the accession of the Catholic Mary Tudor. Jane was born in the autumn of 1537, the daughter of the Marquess of Dorset. Through her mother, Lady Frances Brandon, she was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII. At around the age of 10, Jane entered the household of Henry VIII's last queen, Katherine Parr where she was exposed to a strongly Protestant, academic environment. Jane developed into an intelligent and pious woman. In October 1551, her father was created duke of Suffolk and Jane began to appear at court. There, real power lay in the hands of the fiercely Protestant Duke of Northumberland, who acted as regent to the young king, Edward VI. In May 1553, Jane was married to Northumberland's son, Lord Guildford Dudley. It became clear that Edward was dying, and Northumberland was desperate to prevent the throne passing to Edward's half-sister and heir, the Catholic Mary Tudor. Northumberland persuaded the king to declare Mary illegitimate, as well as Edward's other half-sister Elizabeth, and alter the line of succession to pass to Jane. Edward died on 6 July 1553. Four days later, Jane was proclaimed queen. However, Mary Tudor had widespread popular support and by mid-July, even Suffolk had abandoned his daughter and was attempting to save himself by proclaiming Mary queen. Northumberland's supporters melted away and Suffolk easily persuaded his daughter to relinquish the crown. Mary imprisoned Jane, her husband and her father in the Tower of London. While Suffolk was pardoned, Jane and her husband were tried for high treason in November 1553. Jane pleaded guilty and was sentenced to death. The carrying out of the sentence was suspended, but Suffolk's support for Sir Thomas Wyatt's rebellion in February 1554 sealed Jane's fate. On 12 February, she and her husband were beheaded. Her father followed them two days later.


The SDP (Social Democratic Party) was formed in which year?

Formation of the SDP · Liberal History Post content Formation of the SDP Launching the new Social Democratic Party (SDP) on the 26th March 1981, the former Labour Home Secretary, Roy Jenkins announced that the aim of the new party was to get away from the politics of outdated dogmatism and class confrontation and to release the energies of those who were fed up with the old slanging match. The formation of the SDP marked the culmination of a long campaign by a small group of Labour MPs, who had been working towards a realignment of the left, in order to counteract the increasing militancy of the Labour Party and produce a credible alternative to Thatcherism. The concept had first been promoted by Jenkins as part of the Dimbleby lecture he gave in November 1979, when he spoke of the need for a new centre party which would promote radical social and constitutional reform and appeal to those people that felt alienated from the antagonistic two-party system. Jenkins and a number of his Labour colleagues were becoming increasingly disturbed at the way their party was lurching increasingly towards the left. The disgruntled group finally decided to abandon Labour in January 1981, following the party’s annual conference at Wembley, where delegates had adopted an electoral college system, which gave the trade unions disproportionate power in selecting the party leader. On the 25th January, the so-called Gang of Four, consisting of Roy Jenkins , Shirley Williams , David Owen and Bill Rodgers , gathered at Owen’s Limehouse flat and issued a statement launching the Council for Social Democracy. The rebels declared that they were forming the organisation in order to bring like-minded people together to reinvigorate parliamentary democracy and offer a credible alternative to the dogmatism of the Labour Party, which was increasingly giving Mrs Thatcher a free reign on Downing Street. Nine other Labour MPs pledged their support for the four and the Liberal leader, David Steel welcomed the creation of the new group as an opportunity to break the mould of the failed political system. He spoke of the desire to produce a realignment of the progressive and hopeful forces in Great Britain, as opinion polls began to show public endorsement for an alliance between the Liberals and the newly formed group. Nevertheless, Crewe and King (SDP: the birth, life and death of the Social Democratic Party, 1995) claim that Steel became increasingly impatient at the slow progress the Gang of Four were making in forming a permanent political group that his party could co-operate with. Furthermore, the members of the Council for Social Democracy attracted some criticism because they failed to resign from the Labour Party immediately. However, the group did eventually detach themselves from their traditional political roots and other Labour MPs soon emerged to publicly announce their support for the organisation. They were followed by the Norfolk North Conservative MP, Chris Brocklebank-Fowler, who publicly castigated Margaret Thatcher before joining the growing campaign on the 16th March. Ten days later, the new Social Democratic Party (SDP) was finally launched simultaneously in nine different cities across the country, with a 9 o’clock press conference starting the proceedings in London’s Connaught Rooms. The party’s image was characterised by a special red, white and blue logo that was designed to reflect the party’s modern and nation-wide appeal and the Gang of Four emphasised the collective way in which they would lead the organisation. They spoke of the need to reform the bureaucratic nature of the welfare state and decentralise the decision making process in order to empower people at a local level. The founders of the party also argued that society as a whole should benefit more from the operation of the free market and emphasised the damaging impact that the adversarial political system had on the economy. In foreign affairs, the party favoured an internationalist approach, endorsing active involvement in bodies such as the EEC and NATO. With leadin


In Greek Mythology the Hydra had how many heads?

Hydra Hydra by Ron Leadbetter The Hydra which lived in the swamps near to the ancient city of Lerna in Argolis, was a terrifying monster which like the Nemean lion was the offspring of Echidna (half maiden - half serpent), and Typhon (had 100 heads), other versions think that the Hydra was the offspring of Styx and the Titan Pallas . The Hydra had the body of a serpent and many heads (the number of heads deviates from five up to one hundred there are many versions but generally nine is accepted as standard), of which one could never be harmed by any weapon, and if any of the other heads were severed another would grow in its place (in some versions two would grow). Also the stench from the Hydra's breath was enough to kill man or beast (in other versions it was a deadly venom). When it emerged from the swamp it would attack herds of cattle and local villagers, devouring them with its numerous heads. It totally terrorized the vicinity for many years. Heracles journeyed to Lake Lerna in a speedy chariot, and with him he took his nephew and charioteer Iolaus, in search of the dreaded Hydra. When they finally reached the Hydras' hiding place, Heracles told Iolaus to stay with the horses while he drew the monster from its hole with flaming arrows. This brought out the hideous beast. Heracles courageously attacked the beast, flaying at each head with his sword, (in some versions a scythe) but he soon realized that as one head was severed another grew in its place. Heracles called for help from Iolaus, telling him to bring a flaming torch, and as Heracles cut off the heads one by one from the Hydra, Iolaus cauterized the open wounds with the torch preventing them from growing again. As Heracles fought the writhing monster he was almost stifled by its obnoxious breath, but eventually, with the help of Iolaus, Heracles removed all but one of the Hydras' heads. The one remaining could not be harmed by any weapon, so, picking up his hefty club Heracles crushed it with one mighty blow, he then tore off the head with his bare hands and quickly buried it deep in the ground, placing a huge boulder on the top. After he had killed the Hydra, Heracles dipped the tips of his arrows into the Hydras' blood, which was extremely poisonous, making them deadly. Other versions say that while Heracles fought the Hydra the goddess Hera sent down a giant crab which attacked his feet). This legend comes from a marble relief dating from the 2nd century BCE found at ancient Lerna, showing Heracles attacking the Hydra, and near his feet is a huge crab. Also other legends say that a stray arrow set alight the forest, and it was the burning trunks which Heracles ripped up and used to cauterize the open wounds. Article details:


The lonicera plant is more commonly known as what?

How to Prune Lonicera Nitida | Home Guides | SF Gate How to Prune Lonicera Nitida How to Prune Lonicera Nitida Prune boxleaf honeysuckles once a year in late winter or early spring. An evergreen broadleaf shrub, Lonicera nitida, commonly known as boxleaf honeysuckle, is grown for its attractive foliage and dense, compact growth habit. In the spring, it also produces small cream-colored flowers, followed by blue-purple berries. Grown in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 7 through 9, boxleaf honeysuckles make an excellent hedge or single specimen plant. To keep a boxleaf honeysuckle neat and nicely shaped, yearly pruning is a must in late winter or early spring before new growth is formed. 1 Examine the boxleaf honeysuckle, looking for branches that cross one another, grow in a wayward direction, are too long or are not thriving. Check older shrubs for dead or dying branches, usually located in the center of the plant. 2 Cut the unwanted branches off just above a set of leaves or cut them back to their parent branches. Make cuts using a pair of sharp, sterile pruning shears. Prune no more than one-third of the branches to maintain the integrity of the shrub. 3 Start shaping a boxleaf honeysuckle the second or third year after planting, using hedge clippers or shears; a round or a box shape works well for this shrub. Trim just 2 to 4 inches every year to shape them immediately after removing unwanted branches. 4 Rejuvenate an old, overgrown or lanky boxleaf honeysuckle by trimming one-third to one-half of the total height rather than just a few inches; use pruning shears. In subsequent years, lightly prune off 2 to 4 inches to begin shaping it again. Things You Will Need Hedge shears or clippers Tip Use hand hedge shears when shaping a boxleaf honeysuckle rather than electric hedge shears, as cuts will be much cleaner and you will have more control.


Who directed the 2009 film 'The Hurt Locker'?

Kathryn Bigelow - IMDb IMDb Director | Producer | Writer A very talented painter, Kathryn spent two years at the San Francisco Art Institute. At 20, she won a scholarship to the Whitney Museum's Independent Study Program. She was given a studio in a former Offtrack Betting building, literally in an old bank vault, where she made art and waited to be critiqued by people like Richard Serra, Robert ... See full bio » Born: a list of 25 people created 26 Feb 2011 a list of 40 people created 12 Jul 2012 a list of 30 people created 04 Jan 2013 a list of 24 people created 28 Mar 2013 a list of 40 people created 14 May 2013 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Kathryn Bigelow's work have you seen? User Polls Won     2     Oscars. Another    81 wins & 55 nominations. See more awards  » Known For  1987 Near Dark (written by)  1985 The Equalizer (TV Series) (story - 1 episode)  1993 Wild Palms (TV Mini-Series) Mazie Woiwode  1988 Martini Ranch: Reach (Video short) Posse Leader  1980 Union City (script supervisor) Hide   2014 The Daily Show (TV Series) Herself  2013 Vanity Fair's Hollywood (TV Movie documentary) Herself  2013 The Colbert Report (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2013 Vivir de cine (TV Series) Herself  2012 CBS This Morning (TV Series) Herself - Guest  2009-2012 Charlie Rose (TV Series) Herself - Guest / Herself  2010 60 Minutes (TV Series documentary) Herself (segment "Kathryn Bigelow")  1996-2010 Cinema 3 (TV Series) Herself  2010 Días de cine (TV Series) Herself  2009 Moving Pictures Live! (TV Series) Herself  2002 Living in Darkness (Video documentary) Herself  1995 Cinefile: Reel Women (TV Movie documentary) Herself  1995 American Cinema (TV Series documentary) Herself  2015 Frontline (TV Series documentary) Herself  2010 The Hour (TV Series) Herself  2010 60 Minutes (TV Series documentary) Herself (segment "Kathryn Bigelow") TV commercial: Directed "Budweiser" commercial. See more » Publicity Listings: 9 Interviews | 12 Articles | 1 Magazine Cover Photo | See more » Height: Did You Know? Personal Quote: [on Zero Dark Thirty (2012)] I feel we got it right. I'm proud of the movie, and I stand behind it completely. I think that it's a deeply moral movie that questions the use of force. It questions what was done in the name of finding Bin Laden. See more » Trivia: As of 2013, Bigelow has directed 2 actors to Academy Award-nominated performances: Jeremy Renner (Best Actor, The Hurt Locker (2008)), and Jessica Chastain (Best Actress, Zero Dark Thirty (2012)). See more » Trademark: Frequently uses slow motion, particularly in action scenes. See more » Star Sign:


In the brain what area is especially associated with memory?

Parts of the Brain - Memory & the Brain - The Human Memory MEMORY & THE BRAIN    Neurons & Synapses PARTS OF THE BRAIN The human brain is hugely interconnected but three major components can be identified: the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem. The brainstem which includes the medulla, the pons and the midbrain, controls breathing, digestion, heart rate and other autonomic processes, as well as connecting the brain with the spinal cord and the rest of the body. The cerebellum plays an important role in balance, motor control, but is also involved in some cognitive functions such as attention, language, emotional functions (such as regulating fear and pleasure responses) and in the processing of procedural memories . The cerebrum (or forebrain), which makes up 75% of the brain by volume and 85% by weight, is divided by a large groove, known as the longitudinal fissure, into two distinct hemispheres. The left and right hemispheres ("left" and "right" refer to the owner's point of view, not an outside viewer's) are linked by a large bundle of nerve fibres called the corpus callosum, and also by other smaller connections called commissures. Most of the important elements of the cerebrum, are split into symmetrical pairs in the left and right hemispheres. Thus, we often speak of the temporal lobes, hippocampi, etc (in the plural), although this website generally follows the convention of speaking of the temporal lobe, hippocampus, etc (in the singular), which should therefore be taken to mean both sides, within both hemispheres. The two hemispheres look similar, but are slightly different in structure and perform different functions. The right hemisphere generally controls the left side of the body, and vice versa, although popular notions that logic, creativity, etc, are restricted to the left or right hemispheres are largely simplistic and unfounded. Lobes of the cerebral cortex Picture from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain) The cerebrum is covered by a sheet of neural tissue known as the cerebral cortex (or neocortex), which envelops other brain organs such as the thalamus (which evolved to help relay information from the brain stem and spinal cord to the cerebral cortex) and the hypothalamus and pituitary gland (which control visceral functions, body temperature and behavioural responses such as feeding, drinking, sexual response, aggression and pleasure). The cerebral cortex itself is only 2 - 4 mm thick, and contains six distinct but interconnected layers. It is intricately grooved and folded into the familiar convoluted pattern of folds, or gyri, allowing a large surface area (typically almost 2m2) to fit within the confines of the skull. Consequently, more than two-thirds of the cerebral cortex is buried in the grooves, or sulci. About 90% of all the brain�s neurons are located in the cerebral cortex, mainly in the "grey matter", which makes up the surface regions of the cerebral cortex, while the inner "white matter" consists mainly of myelinated axons, over 170,000 km of them. As many as five times that number of glial cells exist to support the active nerve cells. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language and consciousness. It is divided into four main regions or lobes, which cover both hemispheres: the frontal lobe (involved in conscious thought and higher mental functions such as decision-making, particularly in that part of the frontal lobe known as the prefrontal cortex, and plays an important part in processing short-term memories and retaining longer term memories which are not task-based); the parietal lobe (involved in integrating sensory information from the various senses, and in the manipulation of objects in determining spatial sense and navigation); the temporal lobe (involved with the senses of smell and sound, the processing of semantics in both speech and vision, including the processing of complex stimuli like faces and scenes, and plays a key role in the formation of long-term memory ); and the occipital lobe (ma


The singer Stefani Germanotta is better known as who?

Lady Gaga talent scout Wendy Starland wins $7.3M suit against music producer - News - NorthJersey.com © 2017 North Jersey Media Group November 17, 2014, 8:11 PM Last updated: Tuesday, November 18, 2014, 4:19 PM Lady Gaga talent scout Wendy Starland wins $7.3M suit against music producer By jim Norman staff writer |  The Record If this were a story about a little-known Hollywood songwriter who brought an unknown singer to the attention of a Parsippany record producer and wanted to be paid a finder’s fee for her work and initiative, then … AP FILE PHOTO Lady Gaga But wait. The name of the unknown singer was Stefani Germanotta, now better known to all who have lived and breathed aboveground for the last few years as Lady Gaga. Wendy Starland, Rob Fusari Related: Verdict Form - Starland v. Fusari That little-known Hollywood songwriter is Wendy Starland, who brought Gaga to the attention of pop impresario Rob Fusari – and she has just won a federal court award of at least $7.3 million for her efforts, a lawyer representing one of the parties said Monday evening. And when the numbers begin to pile up from Fusari’s future royalties on record deals, the attorney said, Starland could be far wealthier. After deliberating for a little more than four hours Monday, a jury decided Starland was entitled to a one-time fixed payment of $900,000, plus 50 percent of everything Fusari earned – and will earn – from his business relationship with Gaga, the lawyer said. The verdict, which was reached after a trial that started earlier this month, is subject to appeal, the lawyer said, but there was no immediate indication that would happen. A message left late Monday at the Parsippany offices of Fusari’s attorney, Jim DeZao, was not immediately returned. Starland filed her lawsuit against Fusari in September 2010, at just about the same time Fusari was concluding a contract suit against Gaga. Fusari was asking for $30 million in that suit, but the size of the eventual settlement has not been revealed. Starland’s case got a boost in September from none other than Gaga herself, when she testified in a pretrial deposition that Fusari had agreed to share his earnings with Starland. “My understanding was that Wendy and him had initially agreed upon 50/50 perhaps before Wendy ever found me, and after I was signed to Rob and made music, Rob began to change his mind,” she testified during that deposition. “From the very beginning, Rob was very clear that he had hired Wendy to find the next female lead singer-type of The Strokes,” she said, referring to an indie rock band that formed in the late 1990s, “and that she had done that, and if I were to get signed to a label or not, he would compensate her for doing her job.” Starland brought Gaga, then known by her family name, to Fusari’s studio in Parsippany in 2006, when the future star was just 20 years old. Starland claimed in her lawsuit that she had done what Fusari hired her to do when she discovered Germanotta in March of that year during a performance |at the Cutting Room, a club in New York, then brought her by bus to meet with Fusari in New Jersey. A short time later, Starland said in her lawsuit, Fusari signed a contract with a company owned by Germanotta and her father, and promised at that time to share the earnings from that arrangement with Starland. But Gaga said in her deposition in September that her relationship with Starland became more strained as Fusari failed to live up to the promises he had made to her. “I also sensed that Wendy was frustrated because she kept trying to get him to sign something which he had verbally agreed to and dangled paperwork in front of her for quite some time,” she testified. “Wendy and I were friends,” Gaga said in her deposition. “The topic of money was uncomfortable. When she would corner me about compensation, it put a strain on our friendship so I said, ‘Email my lawyer.’Ÿ” Gaga said she had given Starland an $8,000 Chanel purse as a Christmas present in 2006, “because I loved her and was so grateful. She introduced me to Rob and I got signed.” “I wa


Queen Elizabeth I: Facts About the Last Tudor Monarch | Primary Facts Queen Elizabeth I: Facts About the Last Tudor Monarch Posted on Here are some facts about Queen Elizabeth I, the fifth and final Tudor monarch of England. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 at Greenwich Palace . Her father was Henry VIII and her mother was Anne Boleyn , Henry VIII’s second wife. Anne Boleyn, her mother, was executed on 19th May 1536 – Elizabeth was two years old. Elizabeth 1 was brought up by a series of Lady Mistresses: Margaret Bryan, Lady Troy, Kat Ashley and Blanche Parry. Elizabeth received an excellent education. In addition to English, she could speak French, Flemish, Italian and Spanish, and she could write in English, Latin, Italian, French and Greek. After the death of her father, Henry VIII, Elizabeth went to live with Catherine Parr and her new husband, Thomas Seymour. This arrangement didn’t last for long because the 14 year old Elizabeth was caught in an embrace with Thomas Seymour. During the reign of Elizabeth’s sister, Mary I, Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower of London . She was accused of being involved in Wyatt’s Rebellion. Elizabeth 1 was moved to Woodstock, but was sent for when it was thought that Mary I was pregnant. Mary I officially named Elizabeth as her heir on 6th November, and Elizabeth became Queen of England following Mary I’s death on 17th November 1558. She was 25. Queen Elizabeth I never married nor did she have any children. She said she was married to England, and her subjects were her children. It is thought that Elizabeth was in love with Robert Dudley. Elizabeth I knighted Sir Francis Drake after he circumnavigated the globe. After the Spanish Armada of 1588 was defeated, Elizabeth spoke to the troops and said: I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a King of England too. Elizabeth I died on 24th March 1603 at Richmond Palace . She was buried in Westminster Abbey in a tomb shared with her sister, Mary I. Elizabeth didn’t have any children to succeed her. James VI of Scotland became the next monarch of England, ruling as James I. Find out more about Elizabeth’s father, Henry VIII , or visist the Primary Facts Tudor resources page .


Who wrote the play 'The Playboy of the Western World?

The Playboy of the Western World - Dictionary definition of The Playboy of the Western World | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary The Playboy of the Western World Drama for Students INTRODUCTION J(ohn) M(illington) Synge's The Playboy of the Western World caused riots during its opening week in Dublin in 1907. Inspired by his close observations of the inhabitants of the Aran Islands off the western coast of Ireland, Synge based the play on a historical incident. His realistic yet poetic depiction of that incident and the manners and mores of Irish life angered many who thought the play indecent and guilty of promoting negative stereotypes. Critical acclaim, however, has grown over the years to the point where it is now regarded as the masterwork of one of the most highly regarded Irish playwrights in the modern age. The play focuses on the reception given to Christy Mahon as he wanders into a small Irish village, declaring that he has just murdered his father. The villagers initially embrace Christy, determining that his courageous act has made him "the playboy of the western world." Their vision of him, however, soon changes as the plot develops. In his depiction of the interaction between Christy and the villagers, and especially of the relationship between Christy and Pegeen Flaherty, an attractive, strong-willed, young local woman, Synge explores the effects of social conventions and celebrates the power of the imagination. AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY J. M. Synge was born on April 16, 1871, in the Dublin suburb of Newton Little, to John Hatch and Kathleen Traill Synge. After his father died a year later, Synge, his three brothers, and one sister were raised in a comfortable, upper-class home by their devoutly religious mother. Synge suffered from poor health during his youth, which eventually prompted his mother to have him tutored at home. He began his studies in music theory and Irish history and language at Trinity College in Dublin when he was seventeen and completed a bachelor's degree in 1892. Synge began to write poetry during his years at Trinity as well as at the Royal Irish Academy of Music, where he completed graduate work in music theory. Synge left Ireland in 1893 to study music in Germany, but his stage fright caused him to reconsider his career choice. A year later, Synge began language and literature studies at the Sorbonne. During his time in Paris, Synge met William Butler Yeats, who would have a dramatic effect on the rest of his life. Yeats inspired Synge to go to the Aran Islands, off the coast of Ireland and, as Yeats notes in his preface to The Well of the Saints, encouraged him to "live there as if you were one of the people themselves; express a life that has never found expression." For four years, Synge studied Irish life on the islands as he took photographs of the islanders and careful notes on their speech and habits. In 1901, he turned his notes into a collection of essays, The Aran Islands, and wrote his first play, When the Moon Has Set. Two verse plays followed in 1902, but Synge would not develop his mature style until later that year when he penned three plays: Riders to the Sea, In the Shadow of the Glen, and The Tinker's Wedding. On October 8, 1903, In the Shadow of the Glen was the first play shown by the Irish National Theatre Society, run by Yeats and Lady Gregory. Though the play initially received a mixed reaction, due to its honest depiction of Irish life, it later gained success during its run in Dublin and England. Riders to the Sea earned positive reviews in Ireland and England. While writing his next play, The Playboy of the Western World, Synge became ill with Hodgkin's disease, which delayed the play's opening. The Playboy of the Western World became the most controversial production of the Irish National Theatre. Theatergoers rioted during initial performances in response to what they deemed to be a degrading portrait of Irish life. Controversy followed productions of the play for years. However, by the later part of the twentieth century, it came to be recognized as Syng


Who plays cricket at the New Road County Ground?

New Road | England | Cricket Grounds | ESPN Cricinfo Fri Apr 21 - Mon Apr 24 Specsavers County Championship Division Two Worcestershire v Northamptonshire Thu Apr 27 (50 ovs) 11:00 local | 10:00 GMT 06:00 EDT | 05:00 CDT | 03:00 PDT Royal London One-Day Cup North Group - Worcestershire v Nottinghamshire Fri May 5 (50 ovs) 11:00 local | 10:00 GMT 06:00 EDT | 05:00 CDT | 03:00 PDT Royal London One-Day Cup North Group - Worcestershire v Yorkshire Fri May 12 (50 ovs) 11:00 local | 10:00 GMT 06:00 EDT | 05:00 CDT | 03:00 PDT Royal London One-Day Cup North Group - Worcestershire v Warwickshire Sun May 14 (50 ovs) 11:00 local | 10:00 GMT 06:00 EDT | 05:00 CDT | 03:00 PDT Royal London One-Day Cup North Group - Worcestershire v Durham Fri Jun 9 - Mon Jun 12 Specsavers County Championship Division Two Worcestershire v Glamorgan Mon Jun 19 - Thu Jun 22 Specsavers County Championship Division Two Worcestershire v Kent Fri Jul 7 (20 ovs) NatWest t20 Blast Fri Jul 14 (20 ovs) NatWest t20 Blast Wed Jul 19 (20 ovs) NatWest t20 Blast Fri Jul 21 (20 ovs) NatWest t20 Blast Sun Jul 30 (20 ovs) NatWest t20 Blast Sat Aug 5 (20 ovs) NatWest t20 Blast Sun Aug 6 - Wed Aug 9 Specsavers County Championship Division Two Worcestershire v Sussex Mon Aug 28 - Thu Aug 31 Specsavers County Championship Division Two Worcestershire v Gloucestershire Tue Sep 12 - Fri Sep 15 Specsavers County Championship Division Two Worcestershire v Leicestershire Mon Sep 25 - Thu Sep 28 Specsavers County Championship Division Two Worcestershire v Durham


Who in the Bible was the mother of Jacob and Esau?

Genesis 28:5 Then Isaac sent Jacob on his way, and he went to Paddan Aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean, the brother of Rebekah, who was the mother of Jacob and Esau. Now Jacob fled to the land of Aram, And Israel worked for a wife, And for a wife he kept sheep. Treasury of Scripture And Isaac sent away Jacob: and he went to Padanaram to Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob's and Esau's mother. sent away Jacob. Whoever observes Jacob's life, after he had surreptitiously obtained his father's blessing, will perceive that he enjoyed very little worldly felicity. His brother purposed to murder him, to avoid which he was forced to flee from his father's house; his uncle Laban deceived him, as he had deceived his father, and treated him with great rigour; after a servitude of Padan-aram. See Genesis 28:2 Arise, go to Padanaram, to the house of Bethuel your mother's father… Jump to Previous Aram Aramaean Aramean Bethuel Bethu'el Esau Esau's Isaac Jacob Jacob's Laban Mother Padanaram Padan-Aram Paddan Paddan-Aram Rebecca Rebekah Rebekah's Syrian Way Jump to Next


Watson and Crick discovered DNA in what year?

Discovery of DNA Double Helix: Watson and Crick | Learn Science at Scitable Aa Aa Aa   Many people believe that American biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis Crick discovered DNA in the 1950s. In reality, this is not the case. Rather, DNA was first identified in the late 1860s by Swiss chemist Friedrich Miescher. Then, in the decades following Miescher's discovery, other scientists--notably, Phoebus Levene and Erwin Chargaff--carried out a series of research efforts that revealed additional details about the DNA molecule, including its primary chemical components and the ways in which they joined with one another. Without the scientific foundation provided by these pioneers, Watson and Crick may never have reached their groundbreaking conclusion of 1953: that the DNA molecule exists in the form of a three-dimensional double helix. The First Piece of the Puzzle: Miescher Discovers DNA Although few people realize it, 1869 was a landmark year in genetic research, because it was the year in which Swiss physiological chemist Friedrich Miescher first identified what he called "nuclein" inside the nuclei of human white blood cells. (The term "nuclein" was later changed to "nucleic acid" and eventually to "deoxyribonucleic acid," or "DNA.") Miescher's plan was to isolate and characterize not the nuclein (which nobody at that time realized existed) but instead the protein components of leukocytes (white blood cells). Miescher thus made arrangements for a local surgical clinic to send him used, pus-coated patient bandages; once he received the bandages, he planned to wash them, filter out the leukocytes, and extract and identify the various proteins within the white blood cells. But when he came across a substance from the cell nuclei that had chemical properties unlike any protein, including a much higher phosphorous content and resistance to proteolysis (protein digestion), Miescher realized that he had discovered a new substance (Dahm, 2008). Sensing the importance of his findings, Miescher wrote, "It seems probable to me that a whole family of such slightly varying phosphorous-containing substances will appear, as a group of nucleins, equivalent to proteins" (Wolf, 2003). More than 50 years passed before the significance of Miescher's discovery of nucleic acids was widely appreciated by the scientific community. For instance, in a 1971 essay on the history of nucleic acid research, Erwin Chargaff noted that in a 1961 historical account of nineteenth-century science, Charles Darwin was mentioned 31 times, Thomas Huxley 14 times, but Miescher not even once. This omission is all the more remarkable given that, as Chargaff also noted, Miescher's discovery of nucleic acids was unique among the discoveries of the four major cellular components (i.e., proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids) in that it could be "dated precisely... [to] one man, one place, one date." Laying the Groundwork: Levene Investigates the Structure of DNA Meanwhile, even as Miescher's name fell into obscurity by the twentieth century, other scientists continued to investigate the chemical nature of the molecule formerly known as nuclein. One of these other scientists was Russian biochemist Phoebus Levene. A physician turned chemist, Levene was a prolific researcher, publishing more than 700 papers on the chemistry of biological molecules over the course of his career. Levene is credited with many firsts. For instance, he was the first to discover the order of the three major components of a single nucleotide (phosphate-sugar-base); the first to discover the carbohydrate component of RNA (ribose); the first to discover the carbohydrate component of DNA (deoxyribose); and the first to correctly identify the way RNA and DNA molecules are put together. During the early years of Levene's career, neither Levene nor any other scientist of the time knew how the individual nucleotide components of DNA were arranged in space; discovery of the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule was still years away. The large number of molecular gro


What was the last battle of the English Civil War?

Battle of Worcester - English Civil War - Oliver Cromwell approx. 12,000-16,000 Battle of Worcester - Background: Beginning in 1642, the English Civil War pitted King Charles I against the forces of Parliament. Though Royalist troops won a string of early victories, Parliament ultimately gained the upper hand. Winning key battles at Marston Moor (1644) and Naseby (1645), Parliamentarian troops brought the king to the brink of defeat. Following a further setback at Langport (1645), Charles attempted to rebuild his forces but failed. Fleeing north, he surrendered to the Scots in 1646. Though turned over to Parliament, Charles continued to intrigue and was able to negotiate a secret treaty with the Scots. This saw a brief resumption of hostilities in 1648. With his supporters again defeated, Charles was executed by Parliament in 1649. With his death, the crown passed to his son, Charles II. Battle of Worcester - Charles II Returns: In an effort to reclaim his throne, Charles II landed in Scotland on June 23, 1650. Agreeing to support the Solemn League and Covenant, he formed an alliance with the Scottish Presbyterian Covenanters. As the Covenanters raised an army, Charles hoped that his acceptance of the Solemn League and Covenant would gain him the support of English Presbyterians. With Charles assembling his forces, elements of the Parliamentarian New Model Army, led by Oliver Cromwell, began campaigning in southern Scotland. Winning at Dunbar on September 3, they captured Edinburgh and secured most of the territory below the Forth by the end of the fall. The following July, Cromwell crossed the Forth and won a battle at Inverkeithing. As Cromwell drove north against Perth, Charles saw an opportunity to move south. Battle of Worcester - Charles on the March: Though his Scottish commander, Sir David Leslie, preferred to continue the conflict in Scotland, Charles insisted on marching south against London. As Cromwell was occupied at Perth, Charles crossed the border and entered England. Having anticipated such a move, Parliamentarian leaders had begun calling out the militia and forces began to gather at Banbury and Newcastle. In the north, Cromwell left Major General George Monck to continue to campaign in Scotland and departed with a large part of the army. Dispatching cavalry under Lieutenant General John Lambert to harass the Royalist rear, Cromwell followed with the main body. As Charles reached Kendal on August 9, Parliamentarian forces under Major General Thomas Harrison moved to block the crossings over the Mersey. Reinforced at Warrington on August 15, Harrison was soon joined by Lambert who moved around the Royalist left flank. This combined force slowly fell back towards London as Charles advanced. Entering Warrington, Charles began to doubt the prudence of moving on the capital as the hoped for support had not materialized. Leaving the town, he marched instead for the Severn Valley which had been a stronghold of Royalist support for his father. Reaching Worcester on August 22, Charles paused for five days to rest his men. Racing south, one of Cromwell's columns defeated a Royalist force at Wigan on August 25. Converging at Warwick, Cromwell united with Harrison, Lambert, and troops from London led by Lieutenant General Charles Fleetwood. Moving against Worcester, Cromwell dispatched Colonel Robert Lilburne north to Bewdley Bridge to block the Royalist line of retreat to Scotland. Battle of Worcester - Preparing for Battle: At Worcester, Charles directed that the city's defenses be improved as he hoped for additional support to arrive from Wales. This saw Fort Royal, southeast of the city, repaired as well as bridges over the Rivers Severn and Teme dismantled. Reaching Worcester, Cromwell began assessing the Royalist defenses. On August 28, Lambert moved south and recaptured Upton Bridge from Royalist forces. Repairing the crossing, Fleetwood moved to the west bank of the Severn with 11,000 men. To maintain contact with his subordinate, Cromwell ordered pontoon bridges built over the two rivers. With Fleetwood mo


"Who wrote the play ""The Homecoming""?"

The Homecoming (1973) - IMDb IMDb Doctor Strange Confirmed to Appear in ‘Thor: Ragnarok’ 14 hours ago There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error In a dreary North London flat, the site of perpetual psychological warfare, a philosophy professor visits his family after a nine-year absence and introduces the four men - father, uncle and two brothers - to his wife. Director: a list of 5062 titles created 17 Jul 2011 a list of 1441 titles created 29 Oct 2011 a list of 5069 titles created 11 Feb 2014 a list of 393 titles created 25 Dec 2014 a list of 661 titles created 24 Jun 2015 Search for " The Homecoming " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     BAFTA Film Award. See more awards  » Photos The Walton family is preparing for Christmas in the early 1930s. It's Christmas eve and they are waiting for father Walton to come home from his job in the city some 50 miles away. Since he... See full summary  » Director: Fielder Cook The down-at-heel lodger in a seaside boarding house is menaced by two mysterious strangers, who eventually take him away. Director: William Friedkin An English professor finds his life crumbling around him. Director: Harold Pinter A recent recruit is one of seven soldiers posted to an abandoned farm with little information. Soon a bus full of frightened men arrive and the soldiers are told they are the enemy. Director: Vladimir Perisic Pinter's semi-autobiographical play examining the surprise attraction, shy first steps, gradual flowering, and treasonous deception of a woman's extramarital affair with her husband's best ... See full summary  » Director: David Hugh Jones Aston (Robert Shaw), a quiet, reserved man, lives alone in a top-floor cluttered room of a small abandoned house in a poor London district. He befriends and takes in Mac Davies (Donald ... See full summary  » Director: Clive Donner A film adaptation of William Shakespeare's famous play in which four lovers sort out their problems with the help of fairies at midnight in the forest of Athens. Director: Peter Hall The upper-class owner of a gallery, Catherine Lelievre, hires the efficient and quiet maid Sophie to work in the family manor in the French countryside. Her husband Georges Lelievre, who is... See full summary  » Director: Claude Chabrol Steve Howard, a British sales executive living in Manchester, England, begins an affair with a young hitchhiker, Elle Patterson, to emotionally get away from his marriage to his wife ... See full summary  » Director: Peter Hall     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3/10 X   As the young man, Tom, prepares to leave the Suffolk village of his birth, voices and experiences from his family's past crowd in on his mind, weaving a poetic tapestry of the love of home and the longing to get away from it. Director: Peter Hall Edit Storyline Max is a surly pensioner who alternately venerates and vilifies his dead wife. Sam, his brother, is a supercilious chauffeur. Lenny is a smiling, snake-like pimp. Joey is a thick-witted, would-be boxer. These four men live together in a North London flat, the site of their perpetual sadomasochistic battle of words and sometimes physical violence. And then after nine years, Max's third son, Teddy, a philosophy professor living in California, comes back home for a visit. He brings his wife, Ruth. She is immediately drawn in to the family's ugly psychological games and quickly proves a worthy opponent. Soon, the game involves both of Teddy's brothers taking extreme liberties with Ruth, as the coiled Teddy obstinately refuses to spoil the malicious fun by objecting. Written by J. Spurlin Taglines: The share the house. They share the food. They share Teddy's wife. Such a nice happy family. Genres: 16 April 1977 (France) See more  » Also Known As: Harold Pinter's The


In cricket Allan Lamb played for which county?

Allan Lamb | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo 1972/73 - 1995 Profile Some England cricketers are born; there was no destiny in Allan Lamb's career. Signed from Western Province as an unknown by Northamptonshire as their overseas player in 1978, he was chugging along nicely when Ken Turner, their secretary, persuaded him that South Africa were years away from returning to Test cricket and that he should invoke his English-born parents to play for England. He never lost his accent nor his attitudes: there was always the hint of the colonial chancer about him -- but Lamb was to be a fixture of the England middle order for the next decade. Small, stocky, aggressive, he had a correct technique, power in his shots and a gift for needling the bowlers. Lamb captained England in three Tests, hopelessly, but in 1995 he came close to taking Northamptonshire to their first Championship, strutting round the county grounds like Napoleon. Matthew Engel


Which is the only country to be listed in the NATO phonetic alphabet?

h2g2 - The NATO phonetic alphabet - Edited Entry The NATO phonetic alphabet Content from the guide to life, the universe and everything The NATO phonetic alphabet In its current state, the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) phonetic alphabet stands as is shown below: A - Alpha 9 - Niner How It All Started It did not start off like this - over time, the phonetic alphabet has evolved. The phonetic alphabet is a system created by the NATO allies in the 1950s that would be intelligible and pronounceable to all NATO allies in the heat of battle. It has another name - the radiotelephony spelling alphabet. It requires words to be spelled out by their letters; for example, arm becomes Alpha Romeo Mike, and south becomes Sierra Oscar Uniform Tango Hotel. All the letters sound different, so there is no confusion over long distances over what people are saying. The reason that any phonetic alphabet is (or was) used is because telephone , radio and walkie-talkie communications had the habit of crackling over long distances, blotting out whole words or even sentences. The normal alphabet cannot be used, because some letters, for example P, B, C and D sound similar, and over long distances were indistinguishable, so a new method had to be found. When the code was invented it was also considered that consonants are the most difficult to hear against a noisy background. Hence the sequence of vowels in the phonetic code played an important role when the code was invented, so that when you hear a noisy '-oo-oo' you know the letter is a Z. The vowel-sequence thing works for most (though not all) combinations of letters. All of the words are recognisable by native English speakers because English must be used upon request for communication between an aircraft and a control tower whenever two nations are involved, regardless of their native languages. But it is only required internationally, not domestically, thus if both parties to a radio conversation are from the same country, then another phonetic alphabet of that nation's choice may be used. The NATO Phonetic Alphabet is not the only phonetic alphabet in use, but it definitely is the one used by the most people and countries. From humble beginnings as only being for the NATO allies, it has spread, becoming used in a huge variety of everyday situations. It is used widely in telecommunications and business, as well as being used for call signs for hikers going through areas of bush or forest; and being the internationally recognised way of communicating at sea and by air, using the NATO phonetic alphabet means you can get what you are saying through wherever you are in the world. It is therefore a very helpful way of communicating information. Previous Versions Before the acceptance of the NATO phonetic alphabet, the British already had their own version. It was as follows: A - Abel I - In (or Indigo) R - Roger (or Robert) After the war, because many of the pilots and engineers had been taken from commercial flights, the phonetic alphabet became commonly used in civilian communications. But as many sounds were unique to English, different countries started making their own. For example, an alternative 'Ana Brazil' alphabet was used in Latin America. But the International Air Transport Association (IATA), recognising the need for a single universal alphabet, presented a draft alphabet to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) in 1947. It had sounds common to English, French, and Spanish, and after further study and modification by each approving body, the revised alphabet was implemented November 1, 1951, and is as follows: A - Alfa I - India R - Romeo Immediately, problems were found with this version. Some users felt that the list was so hard to follow that they reverted to the old 'able baker' alphabet. To identify the deficiencies of the new alphabet, testing was conducted among speakers from 31 nations, mainly by the governments of the United Kingdom and the United States. Confusion among words like Delta, Nectar, Victor, and Extra, or omission of other words unde


Who played the title character in the 2012 film 'Lincoln'?

Nov. 8 2012 4:50 PM What Did the People of Lincoln Really Look Like? By David Haglund and Katie Kilkenny   More than 40 characters in Steven Spielberg’s Lincoln are based on historical figures. (There are also over a dozen named characters who appear to be fictional, judging from our research.) Given the movie’s obvious attention to historical detail—at one point in the film, you reportedly hear Lincoln’s actual pocketwatch —we thought we’d dip into the Library of Congress’s photo archive and do some comparisons. How closely did Spielberg and his costuming, make-up, and design teams model the look of the cast on their real-life inspirations? Quite closely! Nearly everyone for whom we were able to find a historical photo bore at least a passing resemblance to their cinematic counterpart. (Though Hal Holbook as Francis Preston Blair, Sr. is a little bit of a stretch. We would have suggested Tom Noonan .) Advertisement Abraham Lincoln (Daniel Day-Lewis) Spielberg’s film follows 56-year-old Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, from January of 1865 until his death in April. The portrait on the left was taken in 1864. Mary Todd Lincoln (Sally Field)* Mary Todd Lincoln , the First Lady, was 47 at the time the film takes place. The photograph above shows her at 43. Advertisement Robert Todd Lincoln (Joseph Gordon-Levitt) Robert Todd Lincoln was the president’s eldest son, a 22-year-old Harvard graduate who would later become Secretary of War under Presidents Garfield and Chester A. Arthur. This photo shows him near the time that Lincoln takes place. Thaddeus Stevens (Tommy Lee Jones) Thaddeus Stevens, a 73-year-old U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania, was a powerful Radical Republican who served as Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. In the portrait above, he is somewhere between his mid-60s and mid-70s (he died at 76). Advertisement William H. Seward (David Strathairn)* William H. Seward, nearly 64 in January 1865, served as U.S. Secretary of State under Lincoln during the Civil War after a stint as the governor of New York. This photograph dates from 1860 to 1865. Ulysses S. Grant (Jared Harris) By the age of 43, when Lincoln  is set, Ulysses S. Grant had been appointed to lead the Union Army. Here, we see him at 58. Advertisement Francis Preston Blair, Sr. (Hal Holbrook) A 74-year-old former chairman of the Republican Convention, Blair attempted to broker a peace with Confederate President Jefferson Davis in 1864, resulting in the “Peace Conference” of February 1865. This photograph was taken between 1860 and 1875. Fernando Wood (Lee Pace) Fernando Wood, who was born in 1812, represented New York in Congress after serving as mayor of New York City. In this portrait, he is in his early 40s. Advertisement Alexander Hamilton Stephens (Jackie Earle Haley) Alexander Hamilton Stephens governed the Confederate States of America as Vice President during the Civil War; he had previously represented Georgia in Congress. He was just shy of 53 when most of Lincoln is set. The photo above was taken between 1865 and 1880. Elizabeth Keckley (Gloria Reuben) Mary Todd Lincoln’s dressmaker and confidante, Elizabeth Keckley helped establish the Contraband Relief Association in 1862. She was about to turn 47 in January 1865. The date of the image above, provided by the Documenting the American South project at the University of North Carolina, is unknown. James Mitchell Ashley (David Costabile) James Mitchell Ashley, 40, represented Montana in Congress and was a chairman to the Committee on Territories. The portrait on the left was taken between 1860 and 1865. Further Reading: