"What composer's ""Messiah"" is frequently performed during the Christmas season?"

The Glorious History of Handel's Messiah   |   Arts & Culture | Smithsonian Contact Privacy Policy Terms of Use The Glorious History of Handel's Messiah A musical rite of the holiday season, the Baroque-era oratorio still awes listeners 250 years after the composer's death George Frideric Handel (at age 64 in 1749) produced works, including Messiah that dazzled even the musical titans who would succeed him. (AGE Fotostock) By Jonathan Kandell Smithsonian Magazine              | Subscribe December 2009 George Frideric Handel's Messiah was originally an Easter offering. It burst onto the stage of Musick Hall in Dublin on April 13, 1742. The audience swelled to a record 700, as ladies had heeded pleas by management to wear dresses "without Hoops" in order to make "Room for more company." Handel's superstar status was not the only draw; many also came to glimpse the contralto, Susannah Cibber, then embroiled in a scandalous divorce. From This Story [×] CLOSE In 1823, Beethoven proclaimed Handel to be the "greatest composer that ever lived." (British Library / Bridgeman Art Library International) George Frideric Handel (at age 64 in 1749) produced works, including Messiah that dazzled even the musical titans who would succeed him. (AGE Fotostock) A 1742 printing of Handel's Messiah. (Bridgeman Art Library International) A child prodigy (young Handel in an 1893 painting), the composer later created new Italian operas, challenging rival Giovanni Bononcini, who wrote traditional Italian operas. (Bridgeman Art Library International) Handel—volatile and fond of French cuisine—loomed large on the London scene (Handel in 1704 dueling with a musician). (Bridgeman Art Library International) A caricature of Handel as a pig-snouted glutton who denied a guest food. (Bridgeman Art Library International) Handel worshiped at St. George's Hanover Square church. (Peter Scholey / Alamy) Handel chose Musick Hall in Dublin as the venue for the triumphant première of Messiah on April 13, 1742 (the Hall's entrance arch is all that remains.) (deadlyphoto.com / Alamy) Messiah was met with immediate acclaim (an 1865 performance in London's Crystal Palace). To this day, insists conductor Laurence Cummings, "the feelings of joy you get from the Hallelujah choruses are second to none." (The Granger Collection, New York) Handel Slept Here The men and women in attendance sat mesmerized from the moment the tenor followed the mournful string overture with his piercing opening line: "Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God." Soloists alternated with wave upon wave of chorus, until, near the midway point, Cibber intoned: "He was despised and rejected of men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief." So moved was the Rev. Patrick Delany that he leapt to his feet and cried out: "Woman, for this be all thy sins forgiven thee!" Now, of course, Messiah is a fixture of the Christmas season. Woe to the concert hall in the United States or Britain that fails to schedule the piece around the holiday, when, as well, CD sales and Web downloads of the oratorio soar. For many amateur choirs, the work is the heart of their repertoire and the high point of the year. In most of Handel's oratorios, the soloists dominate and the choir sings only brief choruses. But in Messiah, says Laurence Cummings, director of the London Handel Orchestra, "the chorus propels the work forward with great emotional impact and uplifting messages." This year, the 250th anniversary of Handel's death, has been a boon to the Baroque composer and his best-known work. The commemoration has centered in London, where Handel lived for 49 years, until his death in 1759 at age 74. The BBC has broadcast all of his operas, more than 40 in total, and every one of the composer's keyboard suites and cantatas was performed during the annual London Handel Festival, which included concerts at St. George's Hanover Square church, where Handel worshiped, and at the Handel House Museum ("See Handel Slept Here,"), longtime residence of the man that Ludwig van Beethoven himself, citing Me


"What sport was the subject of the movies ""Senna"" and ""Rush""?"

Rush - YouTube Rush - Trailer 3 3,567,409 views 3 years ago RUSH portrays the exhilarating true story of two of the greatest rivals the world has ever witnessed—handsome English playboy James Hunt (Chris Hemsworth) and his methodical, brilliant opponent, Niki Lauda (Daniel Brühl). Set against the sexy and glamorous golden age of Formula 1 racing, Rush follows the two drivers as they push themselves to the breaking point of physical and psychological endurance, where there is no shortcut to victory and no margin for error. Two-time Academy Award® winner Ron Howard (A Beautiful Mind, Frost/Nixon), teams once again with fellow two-time Academy Award® nominee, writer Peter Morgan (Frost/Nixon, The Queen), on Rush, a spectacular big-screen re-creation of the merciless 1970s rivalry between James Hunt and Niki Lauda. Also starring Olivia Wilde (TRON: Legacy) and Alexandra Maria Lara (The Reader), Rush is produced by Andrew Eaton (A Mighty Heart), Howard, Academy Award® winner Brian Grazer (Apollo 13, A Beautiful Mind), Eric Fellner (Senna, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy), Morgan and Brian Oliver (Black Swan) and executive produced by Cross Creek Pictures, Exclusive Media, Todd Hallowell and Tim Bevan. Universal Pictures will distribute the film in North America. Rush was shot on location in the U.K., Germany and Austria.


What country's last monarch was Queen Liliʻuokalani?

Queen Liliʻuokalani, first and last queen regnant of Hawaii - Amazing Women In History Amazing Women In History Queen Liliʻuokalani, first and last queen regnant of Hawaii September 27, 2012 18 351 Liliʻ (1838–1917), born Lydia Liliʻ Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaʻ, was the first female monarch of Hawaii to reign in her own right. Up until the 1890s, the Kingdom of Hawaiʻ was an independent sovereign state, officially recognized by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, and Germany. During Liliʻ’s reign, the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii took place in 1893, when she abdicated “to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life”. Queen Liliʻ is remembered for her many musical compositions, including the famous song “Aloha ʻ” (“Farewell the Thee”). Many of these were written during her imprisonment after she abdicated her throne, and they express a deep love of her land and people. Lydia Lili’u Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaeha Lydia Liliʻ Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaʻ was born, one of 15 children, on September 2, 1838 to High Chiefess Analea Keohokālole and High Chief Caesar Kaluaiku Kapaʻ. Her mother was one of the fifteen counsellors of the king Kamehameha III. Following Hawai’ian naming practices, Liliʻuokalani’s given name at birth was Lydia Liliʻu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaʻeha. Traditionally, Hawaiʻian parents created new names for their children, giving careful thought to their meaning. Sometimes these names were revealed in dreams or visions. Incidents before or during a child’s birth were considered significant in their naming, as in Liliʻu’s case. Liliʻu’s great-aunt developed an eye infection at the time of her birth, which is why she was given the names “Liliʻu” meaning “smarting”; “Loloku” meaning tearful; “Walania”, “a burning pain”; and “Kamakaʻeha”, “sore eyes”. Though it may seem strange to us, in Hawaiʻian culture these names were not considered bad, ugly, or unlucky; they commemorated the time of her birth. Liliʻ‘s brother Kalākaua was elected to the throne in 1874, after the previous monarch Lunalilo died without an heir. Kalākaua immediately named his brother Leleiohoku as his heir, putting an end to the era of elected kings in Hawaiʻ. However, Leleiohoku died childless in 1877, so King Kalākaua named their sister Liliʻ as his heir. Kalākaua gave his sister the name “Liliʻ”, meaning “the smarting of the royal ones”. In 1887, Liliʻ learned that her brother had been forced to sign the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii. This consitution immediately became known as the “Bayonet Constitution” because of the use of intimidation by armed militia which forced King Kalākaua to sign it or be deposed. The consitution was written by Hawaiian, American, and European anti-monarchists to strip the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its power, instead empowering the kingdom’s legislature and cabinet. Many of those who wrote or backed the constitution saw it as a first step toward the overthrow of the kingdom and the annexation of Hawaii into the United States. This constitution was never in any way ratified, either by the people, or by their representatives, even after violence had procured the king’s signature to it. Queen Liliʻ Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii King Kalākaua died after a long illness on January 20, 1891; his final words were, “Tell my people I tried.” Liliuokalani inherited the throne shortly after. Believing she had the support of her hand-picked cabinet, Queen Liliʻ began working to annul the constitution forced onto her people. She started writing a new constitition that would restore the veto power to the monarchy, and voting rights to economically disenfranchised native Hawaiians and Asians. When they heard of Queen Liliʻ’s new constitution, American and European businessmen and residents started organizing to depose her. They wanted Hawaii annexed to the United States so that their businesses could have the same sugar bounties as domestic producers. In 1893, they formed a “Committee of Safety” to accomplish their goals of overthrowing the Hawaiian Kingdom and


What was visited by Viking, Pathfinder, and Curiosity?

Missions to Mars | The Planetary Society The Planetary Society Join our eNewsletter for updates & action alerts Spam Control Text:   Please leave this field empty Explore Home  »  Explore  »  Space Topics  »  Space Missions Missions to Mars Mars has historically been unfriendly to Earth’s attempts to visit it. More missions have been attempted to Mars than to any other place in the Solar System except the Moon, and about half of the attempts have failed. Some of these failures occurred because Mars was the first planet Earth attempted to explore, and the early exploration attempts taught us many lessons that have made subsequent missions more successful. But many failures have occurred relatively recently, proving again and again that space exploration is very, very difficult. But since 1996, Mars exploration has undergone a Renaissance, with data from four orbiters and four landed missions developing a revolutionary new view of Mars as an Earth-like world with a complex geologic history. Mars orbiter and lander (ESA) Launch: March 14, 2016 Mars orbit insertion: October 19, 2016 This first mission of ESA's ExoMars program consists of a Trace Gas Orbiter plus an Entry, descent and landing Demonstrator Module, known as Schiaparelli (which transmitted data during its descent before crash landing on the martian surface). The main objectives of this mission are to search for evidence of methane and other trace atmospheric gases that could be signatures of active biological or geological processes and to test key technologies in preparation for ESA's contribution to subsequent missions to Mars. Launch: November 18, 2013 Mars orbit insertion: September 22, 2014 MAVEN, which stands for Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission, has provided first-of-its-kind measurements to address key questions about Mars climate and habitability and improve understanding of dynamic processes in the upper Martian atmosphere and ionosphere. Launch: November 5, 2013 Mars orbit insertion: September 24, 2014 Sometimes referred to by the nickname "Mangalyaan," the Mars Orbiter Mission is India's first interplanetary spacecraft. It is primarily a technology demonstration mission that carries a small, 15-kilogram payload of 5 science instruments. It entered orbit at Mars in September 2014, just two days after the arrival of NASA's MAVEN mission. The orbit is highly elliptical, from 387 to 80,000 kilometers. Curiosity (Mars Science Laboratory) (MSL) Mars rover (NASA) Launch: November 26, 2011 Landing: August 6, 2012 Curiosity is the next generation of rover, building on the successes of Spirit and Opportunity. It landed in Gale Crater, the location of a 5+ km tall mound of layered sedimentary material, which Curiosity has found was at least partially deposited in a lake setting. The rover has also made key discoveries such as the detection of organic material. After a 2-(Earth)-year trek from its landing site, it is now entering the foothills of the mound, dubbed "Mount Sharp" (or Aeolis Mons), where it will then start its ascent up the mound.  In orbit at Mars (NASA) Launch: August 12, 2005 Mars arrival: March 10, 2006 The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is searching for evidence of past water on Mars, using the most powerful camera and spectrometer ever sent to Mars. Its cameras are also helping in the search for landing sites for future Mars rovers and landers, and to monitor martian weather on a day-to-day basis. Currently roving across Mars (NASA) Launch: July 7, 2003 Landing: January 24, 2004 Opportunity landed in Meridiani Planum at 354.4742°E, 1.9483°S, immediately finding the hematite mineral that had been seen from space by Mars Global Surveyor. After roving more than 33 kilometers, Opportunity arrived at the 22-kilometer-diameter crater Endeavour, a target it is currently exploring. Mars Express and Beagle 2 Currently in orbit at Mars; failed lander (ESA) Launch: June 2, 2003 Mars arrival: December 26, 2003 Five days before its arrival Mars Express successfully pushed off the tiny, 30-kilogram Beagle 2 geochemical lander. Although it had fu


3 prescription drugs that come from marijuana 3 prescription drugs that come from marijuana The plant contains more than 60 compounds belonging to the same chemical family as THC. Post to Facebook 3 prescription drugs that come from marijuana The plant contains more than 60 compounds belonging to the same chemical family as THC. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/1iVXCqi CancelSend A link has been sent to your friend's email address. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. 4 To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs 3 prescription drugs that come from marijuana Max Macaluso, The Motley Fool 3:57 p.m. EDT March 17, 2014 Marijuana is stored in bins for trimming and packaging in preparation to be sold retail at 3D Cannabis Center, in Denver, Friday Feb. 14, 2014. (Photo: Brennan Linsley AP) The best-known marijuana extract is the psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, but the plant also contains more than 60 lesser-known compounds that belong to the same chemical family as THC. Fledgling biotech GW Pharmaceuticals (ticker: GWPH ) is exploring the medicinal potential of some of these chemicals, and some of the world's largest pharma companies, including AbbVie (ABBV) and Valeant Pharmaceuticals (VRX) , market products in this drug class. Let's look at three of the most prominent products, and what investors should watch in the field of marijuana research going forward. Sativex GW Pharmaceuticals' Sativex is currently used to treat spasticity (muscle spasms and stiffness) caused by multiple sclerosis. It is composed of two compounds found in marijuana: THC and cannabidiol, or CBD, which isn't psychoactive. The drug, delivered through a vaporizer, is approved in 25 countries but isn't available in the U.S. just yet. GW Pharmaceuticals is collaborating with Otsuka Pharmaceutical on clinical trials that could lead to FDA approval, and the duo is also working on clinical studies that could result in expanded approval for the treatment of cancer pain. Phase 3 trial data from some of these studies will be available toward the end of the year, and these results will be important catalysts for GW Pharma's stock. Marinol and Cesamet Unlike Sativex, AbbVie's Marinol is FDA-approved for the treatment of nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy and is also prescribed to AIDS patients suffering from loss of appetite. The drug is made of a synthetic form of THC and is delivered as an oral capsule. Valeant Pharmaceuticals has a similar compound on the market called Cesamet, which also treats nausea in chemotherapy patients. Interestingly, marijuana is classified as a Schedule I drug by the DEA because it doesn't have a proven medical application and users may abuse the drug. Marinol and Cesamet, however, are listed as Schedule III and Schedule II drugs, respectively, meaning the FDA recognizes their clinical benefits and their abuse potentials are believed to be lower. Looking ahead The science behind these compounds is fascinating, but there are a few things investors need to consider when looking at pharmaceutical products derived from cannabis. First, while these drugs serve critical medical needs, they have been far from blockbusters. AbbVie and Valeant, which both bring in billions of dollars each year in revenue, don't provide sales for their cannabinoid products, suggesting that they only add incrementally to the companies' top lines. GW Pharmaceuticals, which currently markets only Sativex, also hasn't had great results so far. It reported only $12.4 million in sales last quarter, and the drug will need both an expanded label and FDA approval to meaningfully ramp up sales. Second, while some scientists continue to explore the potential of cannabinoids to treat a wide variety of diseases, few companies are active in this space today. GW Pharma is an exception, and its drug development platform is focused on compounds derived from marijuana. In addition to Sativex, the company is developing Epidiolex for the treatment of rare diseases,


Saint Patrick biography | birthday, trivia | Holiday Figure | Who2 Saint Patrick Biography Saint   Saint Patrick is the Catholic saint who is celebrated each year on March 17th, which is called Saint Patrick’s Day. He is revered by Christians for establishing the church in Ireland during the fifth century AD. The precise dates and details of Saint Patrick’s life are unclear, but some points are generally agreed: as a teen he was captured and sold into slavery in Ireland, and six years later he escaped to Gaul (now France) where he later became a monk. Around 432 he returned to Ireland as a missionary and succeeded in converting many of the island’s tribes to Christianity. Late in life he wrote a brief text, Confessio, detailing his life and ministry. (It is now known as The Confession of St. Patrick.) The feast day of Saint Patrick, March 17, is celebrated as a day of Irish pride in many parts of the world. Extra credit A popular folk tale says that Saint Patrick chased all snakes from Ireland, but there is no historical basis for this story… Another folk tale, that Saint Patrick used shamrocks to teach about the holy Trinity, is also generally agreed to be a myth… In Gaelic the saint’s name is Padraig… In his Confessio, Patrick says he was born in a village called Bannavem Taberniae. That village no longer exists, and its location is unknown. It is widely guessed to be somewhere on the western shore of Great Britain.


Which country is Easter Island a territory of?

Rapa Nui Map of Easter Island Chile and Easter Island Map and Information - World Atlas Easter Island Description Easter Island History Rapa Nui, or Easter Island as it is known today, is a Polynesian island positioned in the Pacific Ocean, approximately 3,510 km (2,180 mi) west of continental Chile . Easter Island is one of the world's most isolated inhabited islands, with its nearest inhabited neighbor (Pitcairn Island), located some 2,075 km (1,289.35 mi) to the west. Its history is captivating and mysterious to this day mainly because of the nearly 900 (still surviving) monumental statues, called Moai, created by the early Rapanui people. Over the centuries Easter Island and its durable inhabitants lived through colonialism, epidemics, food shortages, internal wars and slave raids....and they still survive. Archaeologists believe that the initial inhabitants arrived between 700–1000, and they journeyed here in canoes or catamarans from the Marquesas Islands of Polynesia. Important remnants of that culture are the massive Moai statues, reportedly representing deified ancestors. Most early settlements were located along the coastline and Moai were erected there so they could watch over their descendants, with their backs toward the spirit world in the sea. Like most cultures. as population increased different factions surfaced, and internal war was inevitable. On Easter Sunday, 1722, Dutch navigator Jacob Roggeveen arrived, named it Easter Island. He later reported the island was lined with massive stone statues. In 1770 that was still the case when two Spanish ships sailed in. Captain Felipe Gonzalez y Haedo claimed Easter Island for Spain and renamed it San Carlos. He also reported the island lined with statues When James Cook visited in 1774, he noted that several Moai were lying face down. History reports that Moai toppling continued into the 1820s because of fierce internal fighting, and the British ship HMS Blossom reported seeing no standing statues in 1825 In the 1860s slave raiders from Peru captured 1,500 men and women, half of the island's population. Later those same raiders spread smallpox to the island; a disease that eventually caused a fatal epidemic in the Marquesas islands. A few years later, tuberculosis, introduced by whalers, killed 25% of the remaining population. In the following years, the managers of a sheep ranch and missionaries started buying the newly available lands of the deceased, and this led to great confrontations between natives and settlers. In the 1870s, because of unsolveable disputes, missionaries evacuated most of the Rapanui population to the Gambier islands. By the end of the decade a mere 100 people lived on the island, and much of its cultural knowledge had been lost. Easter Island was annexed by Chile on September 9, 1888, and the validity of that land grab is still contested by some of the Rapanui to this day. At that time the surviving Rapanui were confined to the settlement of Hanga Roa. The rest of the island was rented to the Williamson-Balfour Company as a sheep farm. In 1914 British citizen Katherine Routeledge visited for a yearlong expedition. It was the first in-depth study of local artifacts and inhabitants. She and her team found connections between elders’ tattoos and the Moai. She detailed the clan system in a 1919 book called "The Mystery of Easter Island" In the mid-1950s Thor Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island. After several months on the island the expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports In 1995 an airport was constructed and the island was then managed by the Chilean Navy. In 1966, Chile declared Easter Island a province and the Rapanui given Chilean citizenship Today tourism is the major industry, and although isolated and a bit difficult to reach, thousands visit here to experience for themselves the culture and mystery that is Easter Island.


Who famously stood over a subway grate while wearing a billowy white dress?

Marilyn Monroe dress from 'The Seven-Year Itch' sells for $4.6 million | Ministry of Gossip | Los Angeles Times Marilyn Monroe dress from 'The Seven-Year Itch' sells for $4.6 million June 20, 2011 |  6:49 am The dress that famously billowed up around Marilyn Monroe as she stood over a subway vent while filming "The Seven-Year Itch" sold for $4.6 million on Saturday at an auction of memorabilia belonging to actress Debbie Reynolds. "Oh, do you feel the breeze from the subway?" Monroe said in the 1955 film. "Isn't it delicious?" Delicious indeed -- the winning bid for the "subway grate" dress easily outstripped the $1 million to $2 million estimated value placed on the frock by dealer Profiles in History. Reynolds, 79, had hoped to see the ivory-colored rayon-acetate halter dress with pleated skirt housed one day in a museum that would hold her massive collection of costumes, key props, movie posters, original costume sketches and more, assembled over the course of 50 years from studios including 20th Century Fox and MGM. A planned project in Tennessee went bankrupt in 2009, leaving the actress with creditors to pay. Reynolds, of course, is mother to actress and writer Carrie Fisher and was married to Eddie Fisher until he left her for Elizabeth Taylor. The Saturday auction, held at the Paley Center for Media in Beverly Hills, presented 700 items from Reynolds' collection, including Elizabeth Taylor's ceremonial headdress from "Cleopatra," the blue "Dorothy" dress worn by Judy Garland during the first two weeks of filming "The Wizard of Oz" and a Santa suit from the original "Miracle on 34th Street." A second auction will be held in December. The winning bidder for Monroe's subway dress will add another $1 million in commission, CNN points out. Sound like a sign of a world going quietly crazy? Fear not: An original poster from the 1944 Ingrid Bergman-Charles Boyer film "Gaslight" was valued at a relatively sane $300-$500. Next major pop-culture item on the auction radar: Michael Jackson's original "Thriller" jacket, which goes on the block this coming weekend. RELATED:


What American sporting event was struck by a terrorist bomb in 2013?

9 Sporting Events Impacted by Terrorism by: Esteban On  Wednesday, April 17, 2013 Tags:   Boston Marathon   Boston Marathon Bombing   Terror Attacks   Terrorism   Tragedy   As tragic as the events were that unfolded at the Boston Marathon on Monday, this was not the first time a major sporting event has been negatively impacted by an act of terrorism. In fact, this wasn’t even the first time a marathon had been impacted by an act of terrorism. All across the globe, sport unites and inspires. Thus, unfortunately, it will always be a target for evil people looking to inflict pain, division, and turmoil. Today, while we remember and pray for all those still suffering as a result of the tragic bombings in Boston, let’s also remember some of the others who have suffered as the result of terrorist attacks on sporting events.   As tragic as the events were that unfolded at the Boston Marathon on Monday, this was not the first time a major sporting event has been negatively impacted by an act of terrorism. In fact, this wasn’t even the first time a marathon had been impacted by an act of terrorism. All across the globe, sport unites and inspires. Thus, unfortunately, it will always be a target for evil people looking to inflict pain, division, and turmoil. Today, while we remember and pray for all those still suffering as a result of the tragic bombings in Boston, let’s also remember some of the others who have suffered as the result of terrorist attacks on sporting events.   The Grand National is the most prestigious horse race in England and, with a prize in 2013 of $1.5 million, the most lucrative race in Europe. The steeplechase is normally run on the first Saturday in April; however, in 1997 the race was postponed for two days after two separate bomb threats were called in by the IRA. Fortunately no bombs were ever detonated, but police did have to evacuate 60,000 fans, jockeys, horses, and race track staff. And since the police obviously could not allow any cars to leave the premises, about 20,000 out-of-towners were left stranded and had to be taken in by local Liverpool residents.   9. Grand National Bomb Scare (1997) The Grand National is the most prestigious horse race in England and, with a prize in 2013 of $1.5 million, the most lucrative race in Europe. The steeplechase is normally run on the first Saturday in April; however, in 1997 the race was postponed for two days after two separate bomb threats were called in by the IRA. Fortunately no bombs were ever detonated, but police did have to evacuate 60,000 fans, jockeys, horses, and race track staff. And since the police obviously could not allow any cars to leave the premises, about 20,000 out-of-towners were left stranded and had to be taken in by local Liverpool residents.   In 2002, just a few hours before Real Madrid was to host arch rival Barcelona in a Champions League semifinal match, a car bomb exploded outside Madrid’s famous Bernabéu Stadium. Fortunately only 17 people were injured by the blast and no one was killed, but one would have to think the bomb was supposed to go off as people were filing into the stadium. Eleven people were eventually arrested, all members of the Batasuna, a group linked to the Basque separatist group ETA. UEFA allowed the game to go on as scheduled, by the way, which was a questionable decision. Luckily the game went down without a hitch.   8. Bombing at Bernabéu (2002) In 2002, just a few hours before Real Madrid was to host arch rival Barcelona in a Champions League semifinal match, a car bomb exploded outside Madrid’s famous Bernabéu Stadium. Fortunately only 17 people were injured by the blast and no one was killed, but one would have to think the bomb was supposed to go off as people were filing into the stadium. Eleven people were eventually arrested, all members of the Batasuna, a group linked to the Basque separatist group ETA. UEFA allowed the game to go on as scheduled, by the way, which was a questionable decision. Luckily the game went down without a hitch.   The Iraqi Olympic team was the target of not one but thre


What is legally classified as a religion in the United States, a cult in France, and a business in Switzerland?

RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE IN FRANCE Recent developments : For centuries, France has had an excellent reputation in the preservation of human rights. Freedom of speech, religion, and assembly now appear to be vaporizing in that country. 1998-NOV-17: The Inter-ministerial Mission to Fight Against Sects appears to be a major first step towards a significant loss of freedoms of thought, religion, and assembly in France. The European   Human Rights Office of the Church of Scientology commented: "...it is clear that there is a campaign ongoing to sensitize public opinion against minority religions by labeling them indiscriminately as 'dangerous sects' thus marginalizing and attempting to criminalize them. This manipulation of public opinion is done almost daily at the moment with press, radio and television articles centering on the supposed dubious activities of sects whilst interviewing the main opponents of minority (and majority) religious movements." 9 "...the Minister of Justice announced in the National Assembly that...a 'Mr. Sect' (as it was dubbed in the media) - a magistrate - was to be placed in every Court of Appeal to co-ordinate the fight against sects." 1998-OCT-28: A Human   Rights Without Frontiers speech to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe     (OSCE) Implementation Meeting in   Warsaw stated that a Parliamentary Inquiry into the "assets, financial and fiscal aspects of sects; their economic activities and their relations within economic and social fields" is expected to be set up in 1998-DEC or 1999-JAN. "Two laws are now to be voted by the National Assembly. The first one is meant to control the finances of 'cults'   more strictly. The second one is dealing with the control of home schooling practiced by the children of members of so-called 'cults'." 10 1999-DEC-17: A news release by the Foundation for Religious   Freedom states that "On December 16, the French Senate, the   upper house of the French legislative system, voted on a law proposal from   Senator Nicolas About which provides a means to dissolve groups which 'cause   trouble to public order." The bill is not yet law but has passed its   first major legislative hurdle...It is entitled 'Law proposal to reinforce   the penal measures against associations or groups which, through their   illegal acts, constitute a trouble to public order or a major threat to the   human being or the security of the State.' The bill originally stated   'groups with a sectarian character' but the words 'with a sectarian   character' were removed.  In theory, therefore, the bill could apply to   any group, though its real intent to target 'sects' was clear during the   debate in the Senate." ("Sects" in French is equivalent   to "cults" in English.) "It gives power to the President of   the Republic to issue, after discussion with his Cabinet, a decree of   dissolution against any group which: A) has been condemned, as a group, by a court of law twice; B) whose leaders have been condemned by a court of law twice for certain types of offenses and constitute a threat to public order or a major threat   to human beings." 13 2000-JUN-15: According to ReligionToday: The federal government     has approved a law which allows individuals to sue "marginal religious groups" who practice "mental     manipulation." The law, entitled Human Rights and Public     Liberties, is considerably more draconian than the     law passed in 1999-DEC in the Senate. It has the     potential to impoverish religious groups by endlessly tying them up in litigation     -- at least until a court decides that the law is unconstitutional. 14 2000-JUN-22: The bill approved by the federal government on     JUN-15 passed the National Assembly unanimously on JUN-22. It will be voted upon by the Senate in the Fall of     2000. The Explanatory Memorandum to the bill, states that the     purpose of the bill "is to paralyze" the activities of     new organizations with a "sect-like character". The     leg


Through what European city do 84% of the world's diamonds pass?

Rough trade: Is the world's biggest diamond market about to crumble? | The Independent Europe Rough trade: Is the world's biggest diamond market about to crumble? Antwerp's position as the world's diamond capital is being challenged by emerging markets in Israel, Dubai, India and Botswana – and three high-profile European heists have netted $188m (£110m) this year Saturday 7 December 2013 00:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Traders inspecting stones in the Antwerp diamond district Tim Dirven It's a good day at the Antwerp diamond bourse. The board where bereft traders post notices for missing stones is completely bare, each precious carat in this Belgian port city accounted for. Thefts are rare, but occasionally a speck of the glittering rock can dart off a trader's bench, or disappear into the folds of packaging and find its way into the bins. And who knows what accident could have befallen the rough stone worth $5.8m (£3.5m) which was nestled in my palm a little earlier? All the wealth the iceberg-shaped rock could buy flashed through my mind. But then I remembered the cameras following my every move; the armed guards stalking the corridors of the Antwerp World Diamond Centre (AWDC) headquarters; the heavy security presence on the street outside in a district which a decade ago experienced one of the biggest diamond heists in history. Security is everything in this small patch of a city where 84 per cent of all diamonds pass through at some point in their journey criss-crossing the globe. At a time when Antwerp's position as the world's diamond capital is being challenged by emerging markets in Israel, Dubai, India and Botswana – and when three high-profile European heists have netted $188m (£110m) this year – officials are keen to stress that Antwerp remains one of the safest places to do business. "This is something that we live with every day, we wake up with it and we go to bed with it, security is very important to us," says Ari Epstein, the CEO of AWDC, the industry body responsible for documenting each gem imported and exported through the city. Losing its sparkle: A trader inspects raw diamonds (Tim Dirven) That something so small holds so much value is crucial to the history and aura of the diamond, says Vashi Dominguez, the UK-based entrepreneur behind the jewellery website Vashi.com. "It is the most valuable item per size [and] they are unique, just like fingerprints or snowflakes," says Dominguez, who is in Antwerp sourcing diamonds for the busy Christmas period. Few products come weighted with such mythology, a unique mix of glamour and danger, with its connotations of decadence and wealth, but also a shady world of smugglers and thieves. The diamond remains snuggly situated in the cliché firmament: they are forever; as big as the Ritz; a girl's best friend. When it appears in headlines, it's often preceded by the word 'blood' or followed by the word 'heist'. The Kimberley Process – launched in 2003 in response to forced labour and atrocities as warlords pillaged diamond mines to fund civil wars – has largely kept conflict diamonds out of the market, although debate remains over whether Zimbabwe's stones should be sanctioned. But it is the string of heists worthy of Hollywood which have captivated the world this year. In February, armed thieves intercepted a cargo of diamonds from Antwerp on the tarmac of Brussels Airport. In a meticulously-planned raid which experts say must have had insider involvement, the gang cut through the fence, ran up to a chartered plane and stole more than 100 packets of uncut stones worth about $50m (£30m). More than 30 people were arrested, but most have been released and a pan-European investigation is ongoing. Then in May, $1m (£610,000) worth of diamonds destined to grace the necks and wrists of celebrities at the Cannes Film Festival were stolen from a hotel room. The glamour of the case attracted worldwide attention, but that was to be surpassed in July when $136m (£83m) was snatched from another Cannes hotel – this time the Carlton, which featured in Alfred


Who did Jack Ruby assassinate in 1963 in Dallas?

Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald - Nov 24, 1963 - HISTORY.com Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald Share this: Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald Author Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald URL Publisher A+E Networks At 12:20 p.m., in the basement of the Dallas police station, Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of President John F. Kennedy, is shot to death by Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner. On November 22, President Kennedy was fatally shot while riding in an open-car motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas. Less than an hour after the shooting, Lee Harvey Oswald killed a policeman who questioned him on the street. Thirty minutes after that, he was arrested in a movie theater by police. Oswald was formally arraigned on November 23 for the murders of President Kennedy and Officer J.D. Tippit. On November 24, Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure county jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. Ruby, who was immediately detained, claimed that rage at Kennedy’s murder was the motive for his action. Some called him a hero, but he was nonetheless charged with first-degree murder. Jack Ruby, originally known as Jacob Rubenstein, operated strip joints and dance halls in Dallas and had minor connections to organized crime. He also had a relationship with a number of Dallas policemen, which amounted to various favors in exchange for leniency in their monitoring of his establishments. He features prominently in Kennedy-assassination theories, and many believe he killed Oswald to keep him from revealing a larger conspiracy. In his trial, Ruby denied the allegation and pleaded innocent on the grounds that his great grief over Kennedy’s murder had caused him to suffer “psychomotor epilepsy” and shoot Oswald unconsciously. The jury found him guilty of the “murder with malice” of Oswald and sentenced him to die. In October 1966, the Texas Court of Appeals reversed the decision on the grounds of improper admission of testimony and the fact that Ruby could not have received a fair trial in Dallas at the time. In January 1967, while awaiting a new trial, to be held in Wichita Falls, Ruby died of lung cancer in a Dallas hospital. The official Warren Commission report of 1964 concluded that neither Oswald nor Ruby were part of a larger conspiracy, either domestic or international, to assassinate President Kennedy. Despite its seemingly firm conclusions, the report failed to silence conspiracy theories surrounding the event, and in 1978 the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded in a preliminary report that Kennedy was “probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy” that may have involved multiple shooters and organized crime. The committee’s findings, as with those of the Warren Commission, continue to be widely disputed. Related Videos


What is the world's most famous outlaw motorcycle club?

Top 10 Notorious American Biker Gangs - Listverse Top 10 Notorious American Biker Gangs Listverse Staff August 18, 2009 When some people think of bikers they most often think of the stereotypical of dirty, leather clad men with shaggy beards covered in road dust riding around the country wreaking havoc and getting into barroom brawls. The truth is that most bikers are not rowdy trouble-makers and are in fact honest, law-abiding, hard working people. However, there are small numbers of bikers who refer to themselves as “1%ers”. “One percenter” motorcycle gangs have been given this label because it is purported within motorcycle club circles that 99% of all bikers live within the boundaries of the law. Then there is the other 1% who rejects main-stream norms and live outside of the law, often engaging in highly criminal activity. This list takes a look at 10 American “1%er” biker gangs and highlights some of each gang’s alleged criminal activity. It is important to note that although some of the members of these motorcycle clubs/gangs have been arrested, tried and convicted of various crimes not every member of the following clubs engage in criminal acts. 10 Vagos The Vagos Motorcycle Club was started in San Bernardino, CA in the 1960’s. Members of the club often wear green and bear a patch of the Norse god Loki riding a motorcycle. The club has approximately 24 chapters spread across the western United States in states such as Arizona and Nevada and also 3 in Mexico. The Vagos have been the subject of several investigations by the FBI and the ATF for illegal activity such as the production and distribution of methamphetamine, murder, money laundering and weapons violations. A highly coordinated investigation in March of 2006 led to the arrests of 25 Vagos members and their associates in what has been labeled as the largest investigation in Southern California’s history. Read about the bloody life of the Crips from someone who lived it himself. Buy Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member at Amazon.com! 9 Free Souls This particular motorcycle gang was started in the state of Oregon in the late 1960’s. Their patch consists of an ankh, an ancient Egyptian symbol in the shape of a cross, in the center of a motorcycle rim and tire. All of their chapters, with the exception of one in Vancouver, Canada, are located within the state of Oregon. On May 2, 2007, three members of The Free Souls Motorcycle Club were arrested and charged with various crimes. Amongst the evidence were illegal drugs, weapons and stolen motorcycles all of which were seized as part of the investigation and arrests. 8 Bandidos Founded in San Antonio, TX in 1966 The Bandidos are among the more notorious of American Motorcycle Clubs. The gang’s patch bears a cartoon-ishly obese Mexican wearing a large sombrero and carrying a machete in one hand and a pistol in the other. The colors of gold and red were adopted as the club’s colors due to the fact that their founder was a former Vietnam Marine veteran. The Bandidos have around 90 chapters spread across the U.S. alone, but they have also branched out as far as Asia, Germany and Australia. The Bandidos gang has a long and brutal history of illegal activity. A member of The Bandidos was arrested, tried and convicted of the 2006 murder of a well known flyweight boxer and a member of the rival Hell’s Angels Motorcycle Club was sniped while leaving a restaurant in March of that same year during The Bandidos 40th Anniversary of the clubs annual birthday celebration. Police suspect that members of The Bandidos are responsible for the murder. Other members have been arrested from anything from murder to drugs and illegal weapons possession as well as assault and racketeering charges. 7 Highwaymen The Highwaymen were formed in Detroit, MI in 1954. Their chapters have spread across the state of Michigan as well as other U.S. states and have reached as far as Norway and England. Their club colors are black and silver and their insignia is a winged skeleton wearing a motorcycle cap and a leather jacket. The Highwa


Material Questions | EPDM Roofing Association Do I have to worry about stain hardening and potential deterioration in the future when a hail storm comes in contact with my EPDM Roof? 1. What is EPDM? EPDM is an elastomeric compound that is manufactured from ethylene, propylene, and a small amount of diene monomer. These ingredients are synthesized to produce a product that exhibits a high degree of ozone, ultraviolet, weathering and abrasion resistance, and outstanding low temperature flexibility. These ingredients also contribute to resistance to acids, alkalis, and oxygenated solvents (i.e., ketones, esters, and alcohols). Top 2. What does EPDM look like? Black EPDM has a smooth surface similar to natural gray slate and does not contain surface granules that can eventually be lost on other materials. Top 3. As a vulcanized (thermoset) elastomer, how does EPDM differ from other types of single-plies (i.e., PVC, TPO, Single-ply or non-vulcanized elastomer)? EPDM membrane is a vulcanized/thermoset membrane that has been fully cured in the manufacturing process prior to shipment and delivery to the job site. With aging, EPDM membrane will not leech or emit hazardous chemicals. Unlike non-vulcanized elastomers that may begin curing in the field once exposed to moisture and heat, EPDM membrane has no shelf life. Its physical properties remain stable, which makes repairs much easier in the unlikely event of cuts or tears. Top 4. How can the performance of EPDM be gauged over the last 40 years? With over 1 billion square feet of membrane installed worldwide, EPDM has established itself as the membrane for all climatic conditions. This is supported by various laboratory studies and actual field installations. This excellent track record is the result of unique and unmatched physical characteristics: EPDM has superior resistance to UV (ultraviolet) radiation EPDM has unmatched resistance to thermal shock EPDM exhibits superior resistance to cyclic fatigue EPDM has superior resistance to hail damage EPDM will not become brittle and will not shatter due to low temperature flexibility Top 5.What makes EPDM membrane suitable for non-exposed assemblies (i.e, protected membrane applications and double slab installations)? Structural deflection, improper drain placement, or an insufficient number of drains can result in low areas on the roof that allow moisture to collect and pond over a period of time. Therefore, one of the most important characteristics of a roofing membrane is its moisture resistance. EPDM has excellent moisture absorption resistance that makes the material more tolerable to entrapped moisture than most roofing membranes. Since the early 60s, the material has been successfully used in canals, pond lining and other irrigation systems before its debut as a roofing membrane. Top 6. What is the maximum size sheet for EPDM membrane? Sheets as large as 50 feet in width are produced mostly for use in ballasted and mechanically fastened applications. Narrower widths are also produced to offer applicators greater flexibility in positioning membrane. Narrower sheets are also produced without factory seams (seamless) for use primarily in adhered and mechanically fastened applications. The major advantage of seamless material is the elimination of factory splice T-joints that occur when factory seams intersect with field splices. This reduction in T-joints significantly increases the potential for watertight performance by eliminating potential "water channels" into field splices. Both narrow and wide sheets are manufactured in varying lengths from 50' to 200'. Top 7. What are the available thicknesses and types of EPDM single-ply membrane? EPDM membrane is manufactured in various thicknesses (.045" to .090" thick) and is available as a non-reinforced or reinforced sheet (depending upon application). Other thicknesses are also available for use in non-roofing applications as a special order. Reinforced membranes contain an internal fabric that is completely encapsulated within the EPDM membrane sheet and is available in various


What girl group had eight #1 hits in the UK between 1996 and 1998?

Best Ten British Bands - Britain ExplorerBritain Explorer Best Ten British Bands By: admin Comments: Comments Off on Best Ten British Bands Here’s the list of the Top Ten British Bands of all time. That’s right – “Bands” – so no solo artists. Please note that in order to qualify as a band the members had to actively play musical instruments. This has ruled out almost all female pop groups such as the Spice girls, All Saints and Bananarama. You can be absolutely certain that people are going to disagree with these rankings … and if we’d used different criteria then the order would definitely be different. This list was compiled using factors such as originality and social / cultural impact which means that some bands you might expect to see just didn’t make the cut. Also … a big factor is not just the number of #1’s a band achieved but the overall staying power and current interest based on the monthly number of searches carried out though the internet search engines – and you can’t get more democratic than that. All figures used were based on the best available in the public domain but if you know of a more accurate figure and an official source have we’ll be happy to adjust the scores and re-rank the band. Hope you enjoy. 10. THE KINKS 1964-1996 49% Recognised as one of the most important British groups in the evolution of the UK music scene, The Kinks continue to attract interest and listeners nearly four decades after they were formed.Originally from Muswell Hill in London, The Kinks achieved tremendous success in Britain and later in America. Active between 1964 and 1996 the band was made up of Ray and Dave Davies, Pete Quaife and Mick Avory. During their career the band notched up three Number One hits in the British Charts: 'You Really Got Me' (1964), 'Tired of Waiting for You' (1965) and 'Sunny Afternoon' (1966). During their career they released a remarkable 24 studio albums and were recognised as an important part of the British invasion that made UK music so popular in the USA    Current Interest: 9. OASIS 1991-2009* 55% Oasis were formed in 1991 and rapidly rose to fame with the media often commenting on the similarities between the group and The Beatles. Long term public interest in the group has remained good but not exceptional. Throughout the band's life span it was dominated by the charismatic Gallagher brothers - Liam and Noel - from Manchester. Their sound, not wholly original but nevertheless appealing, drew its inspiration from earlier Rock bands such as The Who, Stone Roses, Bee Gees, Slade and T-Rex. Largely an Alternative Rock group, the band were labeled part of the Britpop movement even though they never wanted this association. They achieved eight Number One Hits in the UK charts which included: 'Some Might Say' (1995), 'Don't Look Back in Anger' (1996), 'D'You Know What I Mean?' (1997), 'All Around the World' (1998), 'Go Let It Out' (2000), 'The Hindu Times' (2002), 'Lyla' (2005) and 'The Importance of Being Idle' (2005). In 2010 the Guinness World Records book listed Oasis as the “Longest Top 10 UK Chart Run by a Group” in the history of music. A remarkable band that for a time dominated the British music scene.    Current Interest: 8. GENESIS 1967-1998 | 2006-2013 55.05% Genesis were formed in 1967 and went on to become one of the best-selling British bands of all time. The key members of the group have included: Tony Banks, Mike Rutherford, Phil Collins and Peter Gabriel. Other members included: Anthony Phillips, Chris Stewart, John Silver, John Mayhew, Mick Barnard, Steve Hackett and Ray Wilson. Early Genesis music was considered quite experimental but as time progressed the band developed a very recognisable sound based on a combination of Progressive and Symphonic Rock. Officially, the band never achieved a No. 1 hit in the UK but did develop a very large base of loyal fans. Some of the best Genesis music emerged during the first Phil Collins era and included tracks such as: 'Eleventh Earl of Mar' (1971), 'Abacab' (1981) and 'Tonight, Tonight, Tonight' (1986). The longevity of the band is


What type of books are eligible to receive a Newbery Medal?

Are Graphic Novels Eligible For The Newbery Medal? | The Mary Sue Are Graphic Novels Eligible For The Newbery Medal? Allow Us To Explain by Jill Pantozzi | 4:20 pm, August 17th, 2012   The John Newbery Medal is awarded each year by Association for Library Service to Children for outstanding contributions to children’s literature in America. Along with the Caldecott Medal, the Newbery is one of the most prestigious awards a children’s author can receive. But although countless graphic novels are written each year with children in mind, none have ever won a Newbery. The reason may surprise you.  Past winners of the Newbery Medal include Robin McKinley’s The Hero and the Crown, Louis Sachar’s Holes, and Neil Gaiman’s The Graveyard Book. Heidi MacDonald over at The Beat brought together some interesting discussion on the topic. It involved a post by librarian Elizabeth Moreau and the comments that followed. Originally, the topic was brought up at the ALA’s annual conference. According to Moreau, who cites the official rules, there’s no reason graphic novels shouldn’t be considered. Here’s a few bits from the rules: “Contribution to American literature” indicates the text of a book. It also implies that the committee shall consider all forms of writing—fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. The committee is to make its decision primarily on the text. Other components of a book, such as illustrations, overall design of the book, etc., may be considered when they make the book less effective. So does that mean a graphic novel’s art would act against the book just for having such a large role in the overall story? Moreau did a little experiment: For the next five pages, I covered up the illustrations with post-it notes except for little gaps around the text bubbles and the people’s heads (so I could see who said what) and then I started reading. Note: for this to be a truly effective experiment, I should have had someone else cover up the illustrations so I never even saw them. People already think I’m crazy, this request wouldn’t even have them raising their eyebrows. And then I read. And it didn’t work. Without the illustrations the text was fun, but mostly flat. The setting was non-existent. And far too much was lost. I mourned a little bit as I replaced it on my shelf. In the comment sections cartoonist/educator Chris Schweitzer, argued the illustrations in a graphic novel are not so much art as they are actual story. And then MacDonald brought up an interesting counterpoint: “Not discussed: could a Graphic Novel win the  Caldecott Award , which is presented for the best illustrations in a children’s book?” What do you think? Should graphic novels be eligible for the Newbery and should the rules be changed so that can happen?


What city is known for pastries, coffee, and classical music?

Viennese Cafés -   VIENNA – Now. Forever on Google Maps on wien.gv.at Traffic information public transport Viennese Cafés The Viennese coffee house is known around the globe for its informal pleasantness, as an oasis of gemütlichkeit. Traditional cafés entice with a wide variety of coffee drinks, international newspapers and pastry creations. Since 2011, the traditional Viennese coffee house culture has even belonged to the intangible cultural heritage of UNESCO. Modern representatives of the genre enrich the tradition with stylish flair. A close relative of the café is the pastry shop. Their specialty, pies and cakes, are the icing on Vienna's dolce vita in the form of Bundt cake and Sachertorte. Read more


A Puzzler in Paris: French Open or Roland Garros? - The New York Times The New York Times Tennis |A Puzzler in Paris: French Open or Roland Garros? Search Tennis | Special Report: French Open A Puzzler in Paris: French Open or Roland Garros? Continue reading the main story PARIS — The American television network Tennis Channel had a studio last year next to the Place des Mousquetaires at this Grand Slam tournament. On the studio’s exterior wall was a large poster that read: French Open 2012. But on the same poster, there was also a smaller, circular logo that read: Roland Garros. Just what name is a well-meaning tennis fan supposed to choose? This has been a quandary for years, and the rise of search engines and social media is hardly making it easier. Twitter, with its 140-character limit for messages, is a new kind of arbiter, one that cuts to the chase. But with the tournament beginning on Sunday, you will find both names reflected over the next two weeks in the abbreviated hash tags #RG13 and #FO13. It is a linguistic divide. French speakers call the tournament, not just the stadium in which it is played, Roland Garros. Native English speakers, despite repeated attempts to convert them, still overwhelmingly favor French Open. But it is also a cultural divide: Europeans, with the exception of the British, strongly favor Roland Garros. So do South Americans, whose players have been major factors here through the years. French Open officials have long hoped that China — a late arrival to tennis fandom — would follow their lead. But they are increasingly bowing to the obvious. Continue reading the main story “The studies we’ve seen tell us that the translation of ‘Roland Garros’ in China clearly demonstrates that it’s mission impossible,” said Edouard-Vincent Caloni, the communications and marketing director for the French Tennis Federation, which operates the tournament. “It’s a linguistic barrier not just a marketing problem. And if we’re talking about Chinese, who generally favor English as a second language, they are clearly going to use ‘French Open.”’ Advertisement The identity issue was once considered an identity crisis by French Federation officials, who, at different stages of the 1990s and 2000s, aggressively encouraged the print and electronic media covering the tournament to use Roland Garros and only Roland Garros. But the official line is softer now. “I’d say we have a more practical vision of things,” Caloni said. “It’s a bit like the Parisians. They still say they go to the Place de l’Étoile even though the name is really Place Charles de Gaulle now. “We know that tomorrow we are not going to say, ‘Stop calling us the French Open, call us Roland Garros!’ to two, three, five or eight million British fans who are crazy about tennis and to even more Americans. It doesn’t work like that in this era. The time of marketing dictatorship, of worldwide campaigns is a bit démodé. We have Internet, Facebook. We can’t take people for fools. And if they have decided to call it the French Open, in a sense, we should say, ‘So much the better.”’ But actions, for the moment, speak louder than diplomacy, and the tournament is continuing to emphasize Roland Garros on multiple fronts. There is no official Twitter feed labeled “French Open,” only @rolandgarros in English and @rolandgarrosFR in French. The official tournament Web site frenchopen.com was eliminated in 2008. What exists now is rolandgarros.com in English, French and Mandarin with, according to Caloni, about two-thirds of users opting for the English version. He said frenchopen.com was terminated for legibility and self-defense. “The concrete reason for doing it was to avoid killing off ‘Roland Garros,”’ Caloni said. Nonetheless, a few key strokes shows who is winning the numbers game. A search for “Roland Garros” this week on the French version of Google delivered 24.6 million results. A search for “French Open” delivered 1.25 billion. Photo Roland Garros, where the French Open is played, was named for a French World War I fighter pilot, who was a rugby player


Zeno’s Paradoxes | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Z Zeno’s Paradoxes In the fifth century B.C.E., Zeno of Elea offered arguments that led to conclusions contradicting what we all know from our physical experience—that runners run, that arrows fly, and that there are many different things in the world. The arguments were paradoxes for the ancient Greek philosophers. Because many of the arguments turn crucially on the notion that space and time are infinitely divisible, Zeno was the first person to show that the concept of infinity is problematical. In the Achilles Paradox, Achilles races to catch a slower runner—for example, a tortoise that is crawling in a line away from him. The tortoise has a head start, so if Achilles hopes to overtake it, he must run at least as far as the place where the tortoise presently is, but by the time he arrives there, it will have crawled to a new place, so then Achilles must run at least to this new place, but the tortoise meanwhile will have crawled on, and so forth. Achilles will never catch the tortoise, says Zeno. Therefore, good reasoning shows that fast runners never can catch slow ones. So much the worse for the claim that any kind of motion really occurs, Zeno says in defense of his mentor Parmenides who had argued that motion is an illusion. Although practically no scholars today would agree with Zeno’s conclusion, we cannot escape the paradox by jumping up from our seat and chasing down a tortoise, nor by saying Zeno should have constructed a new argument in which Achilles takes better aim and runs to some other target place ahead of where the tortoise is. Because Zeno was correct in saying Achilles needs to run at least to all those places where the tortoise once was, what is required is an analysis of Zeno's own argument. This article explains his ten known paradoxes and considers the treatments that have been offered. In the Achilles Paradox, Zeno assumed distances and durations can be endlessly divided into (what modern mathematicians call a transfinite infinity of indivisible) parts, and he assumed there are too many of these parts for the runner to complete. Aristotle 's treatment said Zeno should have assumed instead that there are only potential infinities , so that at any time the hypothetical division into parts produces only a finite number of parts, and the runner has time to complete all these parts. Aristotle's treatment became the generally accepted solution until the late 19th century. The current standard treatment or so-called "Standard Solution" says Zeno was correct to conclude that a runner's path contains an actual infinity of parts at any time during the motion, but he was mistaken to assume this is too many parts. This treatment employs the mathematical apparatus of calculus which has proved its indispensability for the development of modern science.  The article ends by exploring newer treatments of the paradoxes—and related paradoxes such as Thomson's Lamp Paradox—that were developed since the 1950s. Table of Contents 1. Zeno of Elea a. His Life Zeno was born in about 490 B.C.E. in Elea, now Velia, in southern Italy; and he died in about 430 B.C.E. He was a friend and student of Parmenides, who was twenty-five years older and also from Elea. He was not a mathematician. There is little additional, reliable information about Zeno’s life. Plato remarked (in Parmenides 127b) that Parmenides took Zeno to Athens with him where he encountered Socrates, who was about twenty years younger than Zeno, but today’s scholars consider this encounter to have been invented by Plato to improve the story line. Zeno is reported to have been arrested for taking weapons to rebels opposed to the tyrant who ruled Elea. When asked about his accomplices, Zeno said he wished to whisper something privately to the tyrant. But when the tyrant came near, Zeno bit him, and would not let go until he was stabbed. Diogenes Laërtius reported this apocryphal story seven hundred years after Zeno’s death. b. His Book According to Plato’s commentary in


In the show Doctor Who, what does the Doctor's time machine look like from the outside?

TARDIS | Tardis | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit "TARDIS" was an acronym that Susan purportedly devised. Susan defined the acronym with both the singular dimension ( TV : " An Unearthly Child ") and the plural dimensions. ( AUDIO : The Beginning ) "I made up the name TARDIS from the initials — Time And Relative Dimension In Space." ( TV : " An Unearthly Child ") Susan claimed to have come up with the acronym while in her first trip inside such a ship, ( AUDIO : The Beginning ) although another account stated that she only thought of it while on 1963 Earth . ( PROSE : Time and Relative ) The First Doctor expressed familiarity with the term when Susan first said the word "TARDIS" aloud, which Susan didn't believe. ( AUDIO : The Beginning ) Nevertheless, the singular Dimension, may have been "more correct", as the Doctor's fifth , ( TV : Frontios ) eighth , ( TV : Doctor Who ) ninth ( TV : Rose ) and tenth incarnations ( TV : Smith and Jones ) consistently preferred the singular form, as did the Doctor's TARDIS itself when its matrix was transplanted into Idris ( TV : The Doctor's Wife ) and Rose Tyler . ( TV : Turn Left ) The "dedication plaque" in the Doctor's TARDIS also referred to the ship as "Time and Relative Dimension in Space", favouring the singular form. ( TV : Amy's Choice ) The Twelfth Doctor once claimed to Osgood that he made up the term TARDIS from the initials, "Totally and Radically Driving in Space". Osgood also mentioned that she had heard "a couple of different versions" of what TARDIS stood for. ( TV : The Zygon Inversion ) Flight The Doctor's TARDIS dematerialising. ( TV : The Eleventh Hour ) TARDISes usually moved through time and space by "disappearing there and reappearing here," ( TV : Rose ) a process known as "materialisation". This was controlled by a component called the dematerialisation circuit . ( TV : Terror of the Autons ) If a TARDIS' relative differentiator was missing or malfunctioning, then a TARDIS could only reappear in a different location in time, and not space. ( COMIC : The Stolen TARDIS ) TARDISes also could fly through space like conventional spacecraft , but doing so for prolonged periods could damage the ship, at least in the case of the Doctor's TARDIS. ( TV : The Runaway Bride ) A TARDIS was meant to have six pilots; ( TV : Journey's End ) however, the Doctor piloted the TARDIS on his own which led to it often jumping about in the Time Vortex and being an unpleasant ride for the passengers. During operation, a distinctive grinding and whirring sound was usually heard. ( TV : An Unearthly Child et al) River Song once demonstrated that the Doctor's TARDIS was capable of materialising silently, teasing the Doctor that the noise was actually caused by him leaving the brakes on. ( TV : The Time of Angels ) However, other newer TARDISes, flown by other pilots such as the Master , ( TV : Colony in Space , The King's Demons ) the Rani ( TV : Time and the Rani ) and the Monk , ( TV : The Daleks' Master Plan ) made the same sound in the course of their normal operation, as did the Doctor's when piloted by other Time Lords. ( TV : The Claws of Axos , The Pirate Planet ) The Minyans ' computer recognised the sound as associated with Time Lord ships. ( TV : Underworld ) The Doctor himself also materialised his TARDIS more than once without making the distinctive noise. ( TV : The Dalek Invasion of Earth , The Impossible Astronaut , The Time of the Doctor ) This sound was also made by other devices: SIDRATs , a craft similar to TARDISes used by the War Lords ; ( TV : The War Games ) a Time Lord who appeared to the Third Doctor (without using any visible means of transport) to warn him of the appearance of the Master; ( TV : Terror of the Autons ) when the Time Lords provided the Third Doctor with a new dematerialisation circuit, it appeared on a table making this sound; ( TV : The Three Doctors ) and when the Fourth Doctor modified Skagra 's invisible spaceship to travel like a TARDIS, again, this sound was heard. ( HOMEVID : Shada ) When a TARDIS materialised, it would sometimes result i


What ancient city was located near present-day Tunis?

Carthage (ancient city) - definition of Carthage (ancient city) by The Free Dictionary Carthage (ancient city) - definition of Carthage (ancient city) by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Carthage+(ancient+city) Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Car·thage  (kär′thĭj) An ancient city and state of northern Africa on the Bay of Tunis northeast of modern Tunis. It was founded by the Phoenicians in the ninth century bc and became the center of a maritime empire in the Mediterranean after the sixth century bc. The city was destroyed by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War (146 bc) but was rebuilt by Julius Caesar and later (ad 439-533) served as capital of the Vandals before its virtual annihilation by the Arabs (698). Car′tha·gin′i·an (kär′thə-jĭn′ē-ən) adj. & n. Carthage (ˈkɑːθɪdʒ) n (Placename) an ancient city state, on the N African coast near present-day Tunis. Founded about 800 bc by Phoenician traders, it grew into an empire dominating N Africa and the Mediterranean. Destroyed and then rebuilt by Rome, it was finally razed by the Arabs in 697 ad. See also Punic Wars Car•thage (ˈkɑr θɪdʒ) n. an ancient city-state in N Africa near modern Tunis: founded by the Phoenicians in the 9th cent. B.C.; destroyed 146 B.C. in the last Punic War. Car•tha•gin•i•an (ˌkɑr θəˈdʒɪn i ən) n., adj. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Carthage - an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697 Phenicia , Phoenicia - an ancient maritime country (a collection of city states) at eastern end of the Mediterranean Carthaginian - a native or inhabitant of ancient Carthage Translations


What is the names for small mounds of snow on ski hills?

I SKI NY - Official New York Resource for Ski Conditions & Tickets ORDA Upcoming Events January 12, 2017 FIS Freestyle moguls and aerials athletes return to competition in the new year this week at the Putnam Investments Freestyle Cup. The moguls competition, held on Whiteface Mountain's Wilderness Trail, is slated for Friday, while the aerials event takes place Saturday, at the Olympic Jumping Complex. Freestyle athletes from around the globe have been competing at Lake Placid for more than 30... Bristol Mountain Participates in an attempt for the Guinness Book World Record for the Largest Ski Lesson January 8, 2017 Canandaigua, NY (January 6, 2017) Approximately 32 first time skiers and 13 first time snowboarders came to Bristol Mountain today with the goal of learning to ski and snowboard with the added bonus of participating in the Guinness Book of World Record for the Largest snowsports lesson. This is part of a snowsports January Learn to Ski or Snowboard initiative. Participating ski areas around the... Bristol Mountain Participates in an attempt for the Guinness Book World Record for the Largest Ski Lesson January 8, 2017 Canandaigua, NY (January 6, 2017) Approximately 32 first time skiers and 13 first time snowboarders came to Bristol Mountain today with the goal of learning to ski and snowboard with the added bonus of participating in the Guinness Book of World Record for the Largest snowsports lesson. This is part of a snowsports January Learn to Ski or Snowboard initiative. Participating ski areas around the... Bristol Mountain is gearing up for really busy day this week. January 5, 2017 Bristol Mountain is gearing up for really busy day this week. Canandaigua (January 5, 2017)  Friday, January 6, 2017- Skiers and Snowboarders will be trying to break the Guinness Book record for the World's Largest Ski Lesson and World's Largest Snowboard Lesson at Bristol Mountain. As part of the National wide and International January Learn to a Snowsports initiative that the ski industry... Happy New Year from Ski Areas Around NYS! January 1, 2017 Happy New Year from I SKI NY and ski areas all around New York State. Make a resolution to ski more this year than you did in past years and enjoy the great outdoors. Ski areas will be open for the New Years Holiday today and Monday. Check our reports for operating hours of your favorite ski area.


What is the name for a system of law based on Islamic texts?

The Origins of Islamic Law - Constitutional Rights Foundation The Origins of Islamic Law The Origins of Islamic Law Islamic law represents one of the world's great legal systems. Like Judaic law, which influenced western legal systems, Islamic law originated as an important part of the religion. Sharia, an Arabic word meaning "the right path," refers to traditional Islamic law. The Sharia comes from the Koran, the sacred book of Islam, which Muslims consider the actual word of God. The Sharia also stems from the Prophet Muhammad's teachings and interpretations of those teachings by certain Muslim legal scholars. Muslims believe that Allah (God) revealed his true will to Muhammad, who then passed on Allah's commands to humans in the Koran. Since the Sharia originated with Allah, Muslims consider it sacred. Between the seventh century when Muhammad died and the 10th century, many Islamic legal scholars attempted to interpret the Sharia and to adapt it to the expanding Muslim Empire. The classic Sharia of the 10th century represented an important part of Islam's golden age. From that time, the Sharia has continued to be reinterpreted and adapted to changing circumstances and new issues. In the modern era, the influences of Western colonialism generated efforts to codify it. Development of the Sharia Before Islam, the nomadic tribes inhabiting the Arabian peninsula worshiped idols. These tribes frequently fought with one another. Each tribe had its own customs governing marriage, hospitality, and revenge. Crimes against persons were answered with personal retribution or were sometimes resolved by an arbitrator. Muhammad introduced a new religion into this chaotic Arab world. Islam affirmed only one true God. It demanded that believers obey God's will and laws. The Koran sets down basic standards of human conduct, but does not provide a detailed law code. Only a few verses deal with legal matters. During his lifetime, Muhammad helped clarify the law by interpreting provisions in the Koran and acting as a judge in legal cases. Thus, Islamic law, the Sharia, became an integral part of the Muslim religion. Following Muhammad's death in A.D. 632, companions of Muhammad ruled Arabia for about 30 years. These political-religious rulers, called caliphs, continued to develop Islamic law with their own pronouncements and decisions. The first caliphs also conquered territories outside Arabia including Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Persia, and Egypt. As a result, elements of Jewish, Greek, Roman, Persian, and Christian church law also influenced the development of the Sharia. Islamic law grew along with the expanding Muslim Empire. The Umayyad dynasty caliphs, who took control of the empire in 661, extended Islam into India, Northwest Africa, and Spain. The Umayyads appointed Islamic judges, kadis, to decide cases involving Muslims. (Non-Muslims kept their own legal system.) Knowledgeable about the Koran and the teachings of Muhammad, kadis decided cases in all areas of the law. Following a period of revolts and civil war, the Umayyads were overthrown in 750 and replaced by the Abbasid dynasty. During the 500-year rule of the Abbasids, the Sharia reached its full development. Under their absolute rule, the Abbasids transferred substantial areas of criminal law from the kadis to the government. The kadis continued to handle cases involving religious, family, property, and commercial law. The Abbasids encouraged legal scholars to debate the Sharia vigorously. One group held that only the divinely inspired Koran and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad should make up the Sharia. A rival group, however, argued that the Sharia should also include the reasoned opinions of qualified legal scholars. Different legal systems began to develop in different provinces. In an attempt to reconcile the rival groups, a brilliant legal scholar named Shafii systematized and developed what were called the "roots of the law." Shafii argued that in solving a legal question, the kadi or government judge should first consult the Koran. If the answer were not clear there


Who supposedly had a moment of inspiration while sitting under an apple tree?

The core of truth behind Sir Isaac Newton's apple | The Independent Monday 18 January 2010 00:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online It is one of the most famous anecdotes in the history of science. The young Isaac Newton is sitting in his garden when an apple falls on his head and, in a stroke of brilliant insight, he suddenly comes up with his theory of gravity. The story is almost certainly embellished, both by Newton and the generations of storytellers who came after him. But from today anyone with access to the internet can see for themselves the first-hand account of how a falling apple inspired the understanding of gravitational force. The Royal Society in London is making available in digital form the key original manuscript that describes how Newton devised his theory of gravity after witnessing an apple falling from a tree in his mother's garden in Lincolnshire, although there is no evidence to suggest that it hit him on the head. It was 1666, and the plague had closed many public buildings and meetings. Newton had to abandon Cambridge for Woolsthorpe Manor, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, the modest house where he was born, to contemplate the stellar problems he had been pursuing at the university. He was particularly obsessed by the orbit of the Moon around the Earth, and eventually reasoned that the influence of gravity must extend over vast distances. After seeing how apples always fall straight to the ground, he spent several years working on the mathematics showing that the force of gravity decreased as the inverse square of the distance. But what evidence is there that Newton was really inspired by a falling apple? He left no written account suggesting this, although there were other documents suggesting that he had spoken to others about it when he was an old man. Historians point to the one particular account written by one of Newton's younger contemporaries, an antiquarian and proto-archaeologist called William Stukeley, who also wrote the first biography of Britain's greatest scientist, entitled Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life. Stukeley was also born in Lincolnshire, and used this connection to befriend the notoriously cantankerous Newton. Stukeley spent some time in conversation with the older man, and the pair met regularly as fellows of the Royal Society, and talked together. On one particular occasion in 1726, Stukeley and Newton spent the evening dining in London. "After dinner, the weather being warm, we went into the garden & drank thea under the shade of some apple tree; only he & myself," Stukeley wrote in the meticulously handwritten manuscript released by the Royal Society. "Amid other discourse, he told me, he was just in the same situation, as when formerly the notion of gravitation came into his mind. Why sh[oul]d that apple always descend perpendicularly to the ground, thought he to himself; occasion'd by the fall of an apple, as he sat in contemplative mood. "Why sh[oul]d it not go sideways, or upwards? But constantly to the Earth's centre? Assuredly the reason is, that the Earth draws it. There must be a drawing power in matter. And the sum of the drawing power in the matter of the Earth must be in the Earth's centre, not in any side of the Earth. "Therefore does this apple fall perpendicularly or towards the centre? If matter thus draws matter; it must be proportion of its quantity. Therefore the apple draws the Earth, as well as the Earth draws the apple." This is the most detailed account of the apple anecdote, but it is not the only one from Newton's day. He had also used it to entertain John Conduitt, the husband of Newton's niece and his assistant at the Royal Mint, which Newton had run in his later years. Conduitt wrote: "In the year 1666 he retired again from Cambridge to his mother in Lincolnshire. Whilst he was pensively meandering in a garden it came into his thought that the power of gravity (which brought an apple from a tree to the ground) was not limited to a certain distance from Earth, but that this power must extend much further than was usually thought. "W


Gimli Shank Extension: Acrylic-filled Horn and brass Length: 9 in Tobacco Chamber: .75 in dia Tobacco Chamber Depth: 1.5 in I'm one of those odd people who likes to re-read The Lord of the Rings every few years. I remember receiving the boxed set that was put out on the 50th anniversary of the Hobbit for Christmas. That set is long gone having turned to pulp after so many readings and I have the much harder-wearing hardcover set now, which has so farheld up better. I can't say that reading the Lord of the Rings ever inspired me to become a pipe smoker, but it certainly gave me a positive impression of it and when the time came to pick up a pipe and give it a shot. Before I get into talking about the project though, I have something to confess. I have a long-standing bone to pick with artists who depict Lord of the Rings Characters. Whether it is on the big screen, painted, or sculpted from mashed potatoes, without exception we find the ubiquitous Lord of the Rings churchwarden. I have nothing against Churchwardens, they are great pipes for sitting back and relaxing. What I find hard to believe is that characters trekking across the wilds of Middle earth would be willing to pack a foot and half of delicate pipe in their packs and then on top of that somehow not break them. Even when a pipe is described in the text as something other than a churchwarden it doesn't seem to matter. Only a Churchwarden will do in the Lord of the Rings. I'm hoping that this project will make a beachhead for the non-churchwarden resistance front. Vive La Resistance! When Ethan Brandt approached me to make a seven day set based on The Lord of the Rings I didn't take all that long pondering if this was something I would like to do. We decided on which characters we would base the pipes on and Gimli was the first out of the gate. My first thought with Gimli was to make a smallish, functional pipe that could be tossed into his pack and go Orc hunting with. I began working on some sketches with some fairly standard-looking pipes. On the same page I decided to make a pipe that was designed and built by a Dwarf with some time on his hands. Dwarves are depicted as being the ultimate craftsmen and very technically-minded creatures. What kind of pipe would a craftsman with engineering and lots of time on his hands make? The first design involved a condensation chamber, separate bowl and stem, but wasn't really all that well thought-out how it could be cleaned or constructed. When Ethan saw the design stuck up in the corner of the page he really liked it and I went to work figuring out how to make the pipe and how to adapt it to Gimli specifically. I decided that this was a pipe that was made by Gimli one winter while still in the Lonely Mountain. I wanted to bring things into it that would be specific to him and the Dwarves under the Lonely Mountain. The defeat of Smaug must have still been a big event for the Dwarves and should be brought into the pipe design. I made the shank a dragon tooth and made the nut which tightens the plug on the expansion chamber in the shape of Dragon wings. The bowl of the pipe would mirror the shape of a drinking horn, something which is also close to the Dwarven heart. Around the rim of the bowl the runes read, "Gimli Son of Gloin." The expansion chamber also has a line of runes which reads, " The dread worm is slain and dead." Which is a line added to the song the Dwarves sing in The Hobbit after Smaug gets his comeuppance via the black arrow from Bard. There are a lot of elements of this pipe that are firsts for me as a pipe maker. First off I've never made a pipe with such odd engineering and geometry. The condensation chamber placement is different than anything I've seen before, and the way it all fits together by being tightened with a nut and bolt is another. The metalwork in the nut that tightens the condensation chamber is something I've never considered making before. The wings and nut are made from brass with a small rod of High Speed Steel drilled through the centre of the threaded nut and the wings for added


"What was the sequel to the movie ""Grumpy Old Men""?"

Grumpier Old Men (1995) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error John and Max resolve to save their beloved bait shop from turning into an Italian restaurant, just as its new female owner catches Max's attention. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 48 titles created 04 Apr 2012 a list of 37 titles created 22 Apr 2012 a list of 22 titles created 06 Jan 2013 a list of 43 titles created 13 Aug 2013 a list of 40 titles created 07 Jan 2014 Title: Grumpier Old Men (1995) 6.6/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 2 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A lifelong feud between two neighbors since childhood only gets worse when a new female neighbor moves across the street. Director: Donald Petrie A failed gambler, intent on meeting a rich widow, tricks his widowed brother-in-law into boarding a cruise ship as dance hosts. Director: Martha Coolidge Oscar and Felix take a road trip to their son and daughter's wedding. Director: Howard Deutch Two friends try sharing an apartment, but their ideas of housekeeping and lifestyles are as different as night and day. Director: Gene Saks Two former U. S. Presidents, hated rivals, join forces to expose the current, corrupt President at the risk of their lives. Director: Peter Segal Shortly after their first western adventure, Mitch Robbins and his friends discover a treasure map that belonged to their late trail guide Curly and set out to discover its secrets. Director: Paul Weiland On the verge of turning 40, an unhappy Manhattan yuppie is roped into joining his two friends on a cattle drive in the southwest. Director: Ron Underwood Edit Storyline Things don't seem to change much in Wabasha County: Max and John are still fighting after 35 years, Grandpa still drinks, smokes, and chases women , and nobody's been able to catch the fabled "Catfish Hunter", a gigantic catfish that actually smiles at fishermen who try to snare it. Six months ago John married the new girl in town (Ariel), and people begin to suspect that Max might be missing something similar in his life. The only joy Max claims is left in his life is fishing, but that might change with the new owner of the bait shop. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au> Still Yelling. Still Fighting. Still Ready For Love. Genres: Rated PG-13 for salty language and innuendos | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 22 December 1995 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Grumpy Old Men 2 See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The film cast includes three Oscar winners: Jack Lemmon , Sophia Loren and Walter Matthau ; and two Oscar nominees: Ann-Margret and Burgess Meredith . See more » Goofs When Max finds Maria fishing in her boat they show him come around a bed of weeds in view of Maria, but a moment later in another shot his boat is just coming around the weeds. See more » Quotes [John charges at Max in a boat] Max Goldman : You don't have the balls to take me on any more. Ariel's got you neutered. See more » Crazy Credits Outtakes also show Walter Matthau and 'Jack Lemmon' both forgetting their lines, including the names of their characters' respective love interests. See more » Connections Soundtracks Jump In The Line (Shake Señora) As Good As The Original 19 February 2003 | by daveym4964 (Alabama) – See all my reviews Some people see this as an inferior sequel to the first movie "Grumpy Old Men". I don't agree, i love the first one but i think this one is every bit as good and in some ways..even better than the original. Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon are my favorite comedy team. The Fortune Cookie is a classic and i also love "Buddy Buddy" and "The Odd Couple Parts 1 and 2 but the Grumpies hold a special place in my heart. I was personally hoping for another Grumpy movie but sadly we've lost both of these won


What tiny creatures form the diet of the world's largest creature, the blue whale?

Blue Whales, Blue Whale Pictures, Blue Whale Facts - National Geographic Pod Did you know? When a blue whale exhales, the spray from its blowhole can reach nearly 30 ft (9m) into the air. Size relative to a bus: Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth. These magnificent marine mammals rule the oceans at up to 100 feet (30 meters) long and upwards of 200 tons (181 metric tons). Their tongues alone can weigh as much as an elephant. Their hearts, as much as an automobile. Blue whales reach these mind-boggling dimensions on a diet composed nearly exclusively of tiny shrimplike animals called krill. During certain times of the year, a single adult blue whale consumes about 4 tons (3.6 metric tons) of krill a day. Blue whales are baleen whales, which means they have fringed plates of fingernail-like material, called baleen, attached to their upper jaws. The giant animals feed by first gulping an enormous mouthful of water, expanding the pleated skin on their throat and belly to take it in. Then the whale's massive tongue forces the water out through the thin, overlapping baleen plates. Thousands of krill are left behind—and then swallowed. Blue whales look true blue underwater, but on the surface their coloring is more a mottled blue-gray. Their underbellies take on a yellowish hue from the millions of microorganisms that take up residence in their skin. The blue whale has a broad, flat head and a long, tapered body that ends in wide, triangular flukes. Behavior Blue whales live in all the world's oceans occasionally swimming in small groups but usually alone or in pairs. They often spend summers feeding in polar waters and undertake lengthy migrations towards the Equator as winter arrives. These graceful swimmers cruise the ocean at more than five miles an hour (eight kilometers an hour), but accelerate to more than 20 miles an hour (32 kilometers an hour) when they are agitated. Blue whales are among the loudest animals on the planet. They emit a series of pulses, groans, and moans, and it’s thought that, in good conditions, blue whales can hear each other up to 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) away. Scientists think they use these vocalizations not only to communicate, but, along with their excellent hearing, to sonar-navigate the lightless ocean depths. Blue whale calves enter the world already ranking among the planet's largest creatures. After about a year inside its mother's womb, a baby blue whale emerges weighing up to 3 tons (2.7 metric tons) and stretching to 25 feet (8 meters). It gorges on nothing but mother's milk and gains about 200 pounds (91 kilograms) every day for its first year. Conservation Blue whales are among Earth's longest-lived animals. Scientists have discovered that by counting the layers of a deceased whale's waxlike earplugs, they can get a close estimate of the animal's age. The oldest blue whale found using this method was determined to be around 110 years old. Average lifespan is estimated at around 80 to 90 years. Between 10,000 and 25,000 blue whales are believed to still swim the world's oceans. Aggressive hunting in the 1900s by whalers seeking whale oil drove them to the brink of extinction. Between 1900 and the mid-1960s, some 360,000 blue whales were slaughtered. They finally came under protection with the 1966 International Whaling Commission, but they've managed only a minor recovery since then. Blue whales have few predators but are known to fall victim to attacks by sharks and killer whales, and many are injured or die each year from impacts with large ships. Blue whales are currently classified as endangered on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List.


A tendon connects a muscle to a bone. What similar tissue connects two bones?

Ligaments and Tendons: What's the Diff? | POPSUGAR Fitness Ligaments and Tendons: What's the Diff? Ligaments and Tendons: What's the Diff? Ligaments and Tendons: What's the Diff? August 7, 2013 by Susi May 156 Shares When it comes to staying connected to your body, it's important to know a bit about the connective tissues that help hold you together. It's easy to confuse tendons and ligaments, but these two connective tissues are not the same thing and actually perform different functions for the body. Here's what you need to know. Tendons connect muscle to bone. These tough yet flexible bands of fibrous tissue attach the skeletal muscles to the bones they move. Essentially, tendons enable you to move; think of them as intermediaries between muscles and bones. You've most likely heard of the Achilles tendon (named after the Greek demigod hero with the fatal weakness in his eponymous tendon), which connects the muscles of the calf to the heel bone. This tendon is vulnerable to tearing and tendonitis, so do take care and stretch the calf muscle to keep the tendon flexible too. Though similar to tendons, ligaments connect bone to bone and help to stabilize joints they surround. They are composed mostly of long, stringy collagen fibers that create bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue. Ligaments are slightly elastic, so they can be stretched and gradually lengthen, increasing flexibility. But if stretched beyond a certain point, ligaments can become overstretched and compromise the integrity of the joint they are supposed to be stabilizing — so stretch with caution. The term double-jointed actually refers to people who have highly elastic ligaments, which allow them to move their joints into more extreme positions than most people. While no ligament plays a major role in Greek myths, the ligaments found in the knee, especially the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), are often talked about on the sports page, since they are prone to tearing, sidelining quarterbacks, soccer stars, and skiers alike.