Which sport, practised since at least the 8th century BC, is still current and was celebrated on the special 10 Greek coin minted in 2003?

First Century History and Background by Servant of Messiah Ministry - issuu issuu Introducing the World of the New Testament: Canonization, Sources and Major Players The New Testament World â€“ Week 1 Adult Education Page 1 Dating and Canonization of the New Testament By Date 1 Thessalonians Authorship James, the brother of Jesus Paul 50-60? 54-55 Jude, the brother of Jesus 70-90? Historic Cannon Athanasius (b. 296) Origen (b. 185) Irenaeus (b. 130) Marcion* (b. 85) Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation** Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation Luke Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians Philemon Italic type indicates that the writer either does not mention the book or expressed some doubt about the status of the book. *Marcion's views were peculiar to his sect. He was aware of the fact that many of the other books were read as scripture in most churches. **The Revelation of John was first received and then rejected by many churches in Asia Minor. http://www.bible-researcher.com/canon3.html During the third century, James, Jude, Second and Third John, Second Peter, and Hebrews were frankly disputed in different sectors of the church, so that Origen and Eusebius classified them among the antilogomena (or disputed books, accepted by some churches but challenged by others). 3 Page 3 Disputations by the Church Fathers Y=yes N=disputed M=maybe Holy X=expressly rejected S=no mention, rejection 1. Greek & Latin Date Heb. Jas. Jn. Pet. Jude Rev. Muratorian Fragment N N KEY TO BOOKS Heb. - Epistle to the Hebrews Pet. - Second Epistle of Peter Jas. - Epistle of James Jude - Epistle of Jude Jn. - Second and Third Epistle of John Rev. - Revelation of John 4 Page 4 New Testament & Second Temple Period Sources Three Types of Sources: 1. Primary – eye witness 2. Secondary – writing what is heard (Luke, Hebrews) 3. Ancient – written close to the time of the events (Primary or Secondary – Josephus is an ancient source and is both primary and secondary) Reliability of Sources: 1. Who wrote it? 2. Why did he write what he did? 3. To whom was it written? 4. What were the author’s sources? 5. Cross-references 6. Author’s association with the events – how close to the actual time of events? 7. How are the documents transmitted? (Josephus, Apocrypha, etc was preserved by the Church and may have been redacted or interpolated). Second Temple Period sources: 1. Archeology A. Numismatics – study of coinage, reflect titles and claims of rulers, ideas being promoted and religious and political symbolism. They also help determine chronology. B. Inscriptions – most are either epitaphs or donations. The majority are in Greek, but some are in Latin, Hebrew, or Aramaic. C. Necropolises – excavations of Jewish burial sites. The necropolis of Hellenistic-Roman Jericho provides many tombs from the period before 70 CE. Significant finds include wooden coffins and evidence of primary and secondary burials in the same context. D. Herodian Palestine – many of the building activities of Herod the great are manifest in many urban structures at Caesarea, Samaria, Jericho, and Jerusalem. E. Papyri – Egypt is the major source of papyri clarifying in particular the legal status of Jews in the Hellenistic cities and valuable data on the occupations and economic activities of Jews. F. Synagogues – Most date from the post-NT era. Synagogues of possibly pre-


Who was Prime Minister of Great Britain at the end of World War I?

BBC - History -   British History in depth: Overview: Britain and World War One, 1901 - 1918 Print this page War and democracy In 1901 Britain had a constitutional government, but it was not a fully-fledged democracy. In 1918 it became a democracy, with the introduction of universal adult male suffrage and votes for women aged over 30. World War One determined the timing of democratic change. What mattered more by then was the fact that the country was engaged in the greatest war of modern times, one in which Britain's military deaths were more than twice those it would suffer in World War Two. World War One may not have initiated democratic change, but it determined its timing. Ironically, the war's demands also weakened the exercise of constitutional government, albeit temporarily. Freedom of speech was curtailed by the Defence of the Realm Act in 1914. Elections, due in 1915, were deferred until the war was concluded. And the formation of a coalition government in the same year all but silenced parliamentary opposition. When Britain entered World War One, it did so in the name of 19th century liberal values - the rights of small nations and the rule of law. What justified these claims, which became the touchstone of British propaganda, was Germany's invasion of Belgium, as its army bypassed France's eastern defences by swinging round them to the north. Wooing the workers William Ewart Gladstone, British prime minister    © But 19th century liberalism, although it had a provided powerful rhetoric in foreign affairs, had been more limited in its domestic aspirations. 'Household suffrage', adopted in 1867, tied political responsibility to the ownership of property. Although increasing affluence meant that the boundaries of this suffrage were porous, in 1914 Britain had the most restrictive franchise of any power in Europe, with the exception of Hungary. Many of those killed in action in 1914-1918 were fighting for a state that denied them the vote. The Conservative party dominated government for the decade after 1886 - when William Gladstone's Liberal party had split over the issue of 'home rule' for Ireland. The Liberals were returned to power at the end of 1905, winning elections in 1906 and 1910 (twice), even if with dwindling majorities. Many of those killed were fighting for a state that denied them the vote. Their recovery was founded in part on their readiness to embrace social reform. The long-term issue for the Liberals was whether they or the Labour party would be the preferred party of the working classes, and on that would hang their survival in government. The 'new' Liberals struck a deal with the Labour party in 1903, pledging themselves to avoid clashes in seats dominated by Tory interests. When in government, they introduced old age pensions, unemployment benefit and public health provision. The Liberals' shift to the left was aided by fact that the association of the Labour party with the trades union movement truncated the growth of political socialism in Britain, and so tied Labour to the material interests of the working class, more than to a radical and reforming ideology. Reform and crisis A protest march by women suffragettes in London, 1913    © This did not mean that the Liberal government did not tackle political reform before 1914. The House of Lords had not really been touched by the reform acts of the 19th century and increasingly behaved as a Conservative opposition when the Liberals were in power. In 1909, the Lords vetoed the budget, a package of tax proposals which Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George had adroitly presented as designed to finance welfare reforms, when in reality they were driven as much by the requirements of defence. The ensuing crisis, which spanned two general elections, culminated with the Lords losing their power of veto and becoming a revising chamber only. Incipient domestic breakdown was usurped by international crisis. The other great constitutional issue remained unionism. By 1912 - 1913 Ireland was threatening to break the Liberal party once aga


Emperor Pedro II, Deodoro da Fonseca, Floriano Peixoto, Manuel Vitorino Pereira and Prudente de Morais are names that crop up in the politics of what country in the 19th century?

Floriano Peixoto Floriano Peixoto 23 November 1891 – 15 November 1894 Vice President 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891 President 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891 Preceded by 19 April 1890 – 22 January 1891 President 13 September 1884 – 5 October 1885 Monarch Barra Mansa , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil Nationality Brazilian Political party Independent Spouse(s) Josina Peixoto (m. 1872–1895; his death) Signature Brazilian Army Years of service 1861–1889 Rank Field Marshal Battles/wars Paraguayan War Floriano Vieira Peixoto ( Portuguese pronunciation:  30 April 1839 – 29 July 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas ), nicknamed “Iron Marshal”, [1] was a Brazilian soldier and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War , and the second President of Brazil . [2] He is the first Vice President of Brazil to have succeeded a former President mid-term. Contents 5 External links Election and Succession as President Floriano Peixoto was an army Marshal when elected vice-president in February 1891. Later, in November 1891, he rose to the presidency following the resignation of Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca , the first president of Brazil. Floriano Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble . Government Floriano Peixoto defeated a naval officers’ rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and a seditious military movement in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina during the same years. His government was marked by increased centralization of power and nationalism . Legacy Monument to Marshal Floriano Peixoto in Downtown Rio de Janeiro He is often referred to as “the Consolidator of the Republic” or “The Iron Marshal”. He left the presidency on 15 November 1894. In spite of his unpopularity, he was responsible for the consolidation of the new Republican Government. Desterro, the capital of the state of Santa Catarina , was renamed Florianópolis as punishment for its participation in the Federalist Revolution in 1894. References


What kind of window is made of one or more movable panels that form a frame to hold panes of glass where the glazed panels are opened by sliding vertically, or horizontally?

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Stained Glass Work, edited by W. R. Lethaby The Project Gutenberg EBook of Stained Glass Work, by C. W. Whall This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net  Title: Stained Glass Work    A text-book for students and workers in glass Author: C. W. Whall Release Date: February 27, 2010 [EBook #31415] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STAINED GLASS WORK ***   Produced by Suzanne Shell, ismail user and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net       " ... And remembering these, trust Pindar for the truth of his saying, that to the cunning workman—(and let me solemnly enforce the words by adding, that to him only)—knowledge comes undeceitful." —Ruskin ("Aratra Pentelici").     "'Very cool of Tom,' as East thought but didn't say, 'seeing as how he only came out of Egypt himself last night at bed-time.'" —("Tom Brown's Schooldays"). EDITOR'S PREFACE In issuing these volumes of a series of Handbooks on the Artistic Crafts, it will be well to state what are our general aims. In the first place, we wish to provide trustworthy text-books of workshop practice, from the points of view of experts who have critically examined the methods current in the shops, and putting aside up a standard of quality in the crafts which are more especially associated with design. Secondly, in doing this, we hope to treat design itself as an essential part of good workmanship. During the last century most of the arts, save painting and sculpture of an academic kind, were little considered, and there was a tendency to look on "design" as a mere matter [Pg xii] of appearance. Such "ornamentation" as there was was usually obtained by following in a mechanical way a drawing provided by an artist who often knew little of the technical processes involved in production. With the critical attention given to the crafts by Ruskin and Morris, it came to be seen that it was impossible to detach design from craft in this way, and that, in the widest sense, true design is an inseparable element of good quality, involving as it does the selection of good and suitable material, contrivance for special purpose, expert workmanship, proper finish, and so on, far more than mere ornament, and indeed, that ornamentation itself was rather an exuberance of fine workmanship than a matter of merely abstract lines. Workmanship when separated by too wide a gulf from fresh thought—that is, from design—inevitably decays, and, on the other hand, ornamentation, divorced from workmanship, is necessarily unreal, and quickly falls into affectation. Proper ornamentation may be defined as a language addressed to the eye; it is pleasant thought expressed in the speech of the tool. In the third place, we would have this [Pg xiii] series put artistic craftsmanship before people as furnishing reasonable occupations for those who would gain a livelihood. Although within the bounds of academic art, the competition, of its kind, is so acute that only a very few per cent. can fairly hope to succeed as painters and sculptors; yet, as artistic craftsmen, there is every probability that nearly every one who would pass through a sufficient period of apprenticeship to workmanship and design would reach a measure of success. In the blending of handwork and thought in such arts as we propose to deal with, happy careers may be found as far removed from the dreary routine of hack labour as from the terrible uncertainty of academic art. It is desirable in every way that men of good education should be brought back into the productive crafts: there are more than enough of us "in the city," and it is probable that more consideration will be given in this century than in the last to Design and Workmanship. Our last volume dealt with one of the [Pg xiv] branches of sculpture, the presen


"An unexpected event is described as being ""out of the ... "" what?"

Surprise - definition of surprise by The Free Dictionary Surprise - definition of surprise by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/surprise Related to surprise: Surprise party sur·prise  (sər-prīz′) tr.v. sur·prised, sur·pris·ing, sur·pris·es 1. To cause to feel wonder, astonishment, or amazement, as at something unanticipated: Thinking I was at home, she was surprised to see me in the office. We were surprised that he could recover so quickly. 2. a. To encounter or discover suddenly or unexpectedly; take or catch unawares: She surprised him as he was reading her diary. b. To attack or capture suddenly and without warning: surprised the sentries in a predawn raid, wounding several. 3. a. To cause (someone) to do or say something unintended or to be in an unintended condition: "There passed a scene ... that surprised me into courage to come forward" (Fanny Burney). b. To elicit or detect through surprise: "She occasionally surprised a look on Jemima's face" (Marcia Willett). n. 1. The act of surprising or the condition of being surprised: Imagine my surprise on seeing you here. 2. Something, such as an unexpected encounter, event, or gift, that surprises. [Middle English surprisen, to overcome, from Old French surprise, feminine past participle of surprendre, to surprise : sur-, sur- + prendre, to take (from Latin prehendere, prēndere, to seize; see ghend- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots).] sur·pris′er n. sur·pris′ing·ly adv. Synonyms: surprise, astonish, amaze, astound, dumbfound, flabbergast These verbs mean to affect a person strongly as being unexpected or unusual. To surprise is to fill with often sudden wonder or disbelief as being unanticipated or out of the ordinary: "Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity" (George S. Patton). Astonish suggests overwhelming surprise: The sight of such an enormous crowd astonished us. Amaze implies astonishment and often bewilderment: The violinist's virtuosity has amazed audiences all over the world. Astound connotes shock, as from something unprecedented in one's experience: We were astounded at the beauty of the mountains. Dumbfound adds to astound the suggestion of perplexity and often speechlessness: His question dumbfounded me, and I could not respond. Flabbergast is used as a more colorful equivalent of astound, astonish, or amaze: "He was utterly flabbergasted by the accusation and for a few moments he was quite unable to reply" (Alexander McCall Smith). surprise 1. to cause to feel amazement or wonder 2. to encounter or discover unexpectedly or suddenly 3. to capture or assault suddenly and without warning 4. to present with something unexpected, such as a gift 5. (foll by into) to provoke (someone) to unintended action by a trick, etc: to surprise a person into an indiscretion. 6. (often foll by from) to elicit by unexpected behaviour or by a trick: to surprise information from a prisoner. n 7. the act or an instance of surprising; the act of taking unawares 8. a sudden or unexpected event, gift, etc 9. the feeling or condition of being surprised; astonishment 10. (modifier) causing, characterized by, or relying upon surprise: a surprise move. 11. take by surprise a. to come upon suddenly and without warning b. to capture unexpectedly or catch unprepared c. to astonish; amaze [C15: from Old French, from surprendre to overtake, from sur-1 + prendre from Latin prehendere to grasp; see prehensile] surˈprisal n 1. to strike with a sudden feeling of wonder or astonishment, esp. by being unexpected. 2. to come upon or discover suddenly and unexpectedly. 3. to make an unexpected assault on (an unprepared army, fort, person, etc.). 4. to lead or bring unawares into doing something unintended: to surprise someone into telling the truth. 5. to elicit suddenly and without warning. n. 6. the state of being surprised; a feeling of sudden wonder or astonishment, esp. at something unexpected. 7. something that surprises; an unexpected event, appearance, statement, or gift. 8. an act or instance of s


In 1846, using mathematical predictions by French mathematician Urbain Le Verrier, German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle became the first person to observe which planet?

Historic Dispute : Is Urbain Le Verrier the true discoverer of Neptune Historic Dispute : Is Urbain Le Verrier the true discoverer of Neptune Historic Dispute : Is Urbain Le Verrier the true discoverer of Neptune? Viewpoint: Yes, Le Verrier's calculations and his tenacity in compelling    others to search for Neptune make him the true discover of the planet. Viewpoint: No, John Couch Adams is the true discoverer of Neptune. More than subtle differences lie at the center of the debate over who is    the true discoverer of Neptune. At question here is what constitutes a    true discoverer. Thus, each person's definition of justice and fair    play are significant factors in the way this issue is viewed. Differences    of opinion abound regarding what is more important. Some people say that    the title of "discoverer" should go to the first person who    theorized about the existence of Neptune. Others say something more is    required and that it isn't enough to have a good hunch;    verification is essential. The theory has to be placed within the context    of what we know to be true. At the same time, progress is often made when    we are willing to color outside the lines. It is, after all, the first    person to propose a new theory who gets the ball rolling. But what if that    person doesn't possess all the necessary tools or skills to verify    the idea? Some people say that it is the one who actually proves the    theory who deserves the credit. Still others would argue that the glory    should be shared. And, of course, one must look at the reality of how things work.    Regardless of how unfair it might seem, a good idea is rarely    acknowledged, except in some circles. Most of the time it isn't    until a scientist sinks his or her teeth into proving a theory and    actually sees the process through to a tangible result that a discovery is    officially recognized. For better or ill, part of this recognition    involves self-promotion. One problem that disrupts the proper attribution of scientific discoveries    in all fields is timing. There are many cases where a discovery has been    made, but not recognized, even by the discoverers themselves. Many times,    these discoveries are disputed or ignored, sometimes for decades, only to    be reaffirmed later on. In such cases, who receives the accolades, the    initial founder or the person who proved the discovery? Many times,    scientists must give credit for findings in a retrospective capacity,    awarding acknowledgement to former researchers who could not validate    their claims and/or were ignored by their peers, because their findings    were too controversial at the time of the discovery. This becomes even more convoluted when one deals with theoretical    discussion—a key part of scientific fields such as astronomy. Can    it be said that a theory is the guiding force behind a discovery? After    all, were it not for the original source of conjecture, why would the    scientists begin looking for those facts? Either because of lack of skill,    technology, or resources, these theorists cannot prove their own    hypotheses. However, does this negate their contribution in a particular    discovery? For these reasons, there is debate whether or not Urbain Jean-Joseph Le    Verrier, a French mathematician, truly discovered the planet Neptune.    During the initial study of Uranus, scientists began to question the    unusual qualities of the planet's orbital behavior. As these    studies progressed, a theory developed Neptune ( Neptune, photograph by U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). JLM       Visuals. Reproduced by permission .) concerning the gravitational influence of an as-yet-undiscovered planet    on Uranus's orbit. Two such theorists were Thomas Hussey and John    Couch Adams. Both were, for the most part, ignored by their peers. Hussey    was ignored because of his lack of skill in


"The musical ""South Pacific"" was based on the book ""Hawaii"" by which author?"

James A. Michener (Author of Hawaii) James A. Michener in New York, New York, The United States February 03, 1907 edit data James Albert Michener is best known for his sweeping multi-generation historical fiction sagas, usually focusing on and titled after a particular geographical region. His first novel, Tales of the South Pacific , which inspired the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific, won the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Toward the end of his life, he created the Journey Prize, awarded annually for the year's best short story published by an emerging Canadian writer; founded an MFA program now, named the Michener Center for Writers, at the University of Texas at Austin; and made substantial contributions to the James A. Michener Art Museum in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, best known for its permanent collection of Pennsylvania Impressionist painti James Albert Michener is best known for his sweeping multi-generation historical fiction sagas, usually focusing on and titled after a particular geographical region. His first novel, Tales of the South Pacific , which inspired the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific, won the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Toward the end of his life, he created the Journey Prize, awarded annually for the year's best short story published by an emerging Canadian writer; founded an MFA program now, named the Michener Center for Writers, at the University of Texas at Austin; and made substantial contributions to the James A. Michener Art Museum in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, best known for its permanent collection of Pennsylvania Impressionist paintings and a room containing Michener's own typewriter, books, and various memorabilia. Michener's entry in Who's Who in America says he was born on Feb. 3, 1907. But he said in his 1992 memoirs that the circumstances of his birth remained cloudy and he did not know just when he was born or who his parents were. ...more


Ireland’s five longest rivers and their mythical legends (PHOTOS)  | IrishCentral.com Ireland’s five longest rivers and their mythical legends (PHOTOS) Ali Isaac SHARES / Ireland is a land of many lakes, rivers and mountains, shrouded as much in mythology as its gentle misty climate.Tourism Ireland Ireland is a land of many lakes, rivers and mountains, shrouded as much in mythology as it is in its gentle misty climate . It is a fertile breeding ground for tales of mystical Gods, powerful warriors and the beautiful, enchanting folk of the Sidhe. Our ancient ancestors believed that through water lay the way to the Otherworld. There are many sacred springs scattered around the country, adopted by the Christians but with more ancient, pagan origins. In legend, almost every hill harbors a Sidhe homestead; almost every lough bears a tale of magic and intrigue. Ireland’s rivers are no exception. They have been used since ancient times as a means of transport, a source of food, even boundaries between kingdoms, some of which are still in force today. Ireland’s longest river is the Shannon , Abhainn na Sionainne in Irish. It flows south and west from Co Cavan for 240 miles (386km), touching seventeen of Ireland’s counties and forming three lakes en-route – Lough Allen, Lough Ree and Lough Derg – before finally emptying into the Atlantic Ocean. Its source is said to be a small pool on the slopes of Cuilcagh Mountain in Co Cavan , where I live, known as the Shannon Pot. It is also known as the Legnashinna, or Lag na Sionna in Irish, meaning ‘the hollow of the Shannon.’ The pool is about 50 feet wide, and said to be almost as deep. 7 O'Briensbridge, Co. Clare, on the west bank of the River Shannon Legend has it that one day, Manannán the Sea-God’s grand-daughter, Sionann, came to the well seeking wisdom. The pool was known in those days by the name of Connla’s Well, however, this name has also been attributed to Trinity Well, the source of the River Boyne. Five streams were said to feed from Connla’s Well, so perhaps these drained into the source pools of Ireland’s five greatest rivers. Connla’s Well was surrounded by the Nine Hazel Trees of Knowledge, which were said to fruit, flower and seed all at the same time. The nuts fell into the water and were eaten by Fintan, the Salmon of Knowledge, who also swam in the Boyne and tormented the Druid Finnegas by evading capture until Fionn mac Cumhall came along and ruined all his plans. It is not told whether Sionann intended to eat the nuts or the salmon, but in any case, it was forbidden for anyone but the king to visit the well. The waters rose up in a huge wave and carried the poor girl out to sea, where she drowned. Thus the River Shannon was formed and named after her. The famous monastery of Clonmacnoise in Co Offaly was founded on the banks of the Shannon. In fact, the Vikings used the river to not only raid many inland monasteries in the 10th century, but to fight among themselves, probably over territory and the spoils of war. The Vikings of Limerick were said to have sailed up the Shannon to Lough Ree, where they fought a huge battle with their Dublin kin, and lost. 7 The River Barrow below Ballinaw Castle, Co. Kilkenny The River Barrow, An Bhearú in Irish, is second to the Shannon at 119 miles (192km) long. With the rivers Suir and Nore, it forms the Three Sisters. The Barrow rises at Glenbarrow in the Slieve Bloom Mountains in Co Laois and drains into Waterford Harbour. The point where the Three Sisters meet is called the Cumar na dTrí Uisce in Irish, meaning ‘the confluence of the three waters.’ On the western bank of the Barrow is a small town called Leighlinsbridge. There is a large mound here which is reputed to be the ancient site of the fort of Dinn Rig, the seat of the Kings of Leinster. A great battle was fought here during the 2nd or 3rd century AD. The story goes that Covac of Bregia, Cobthach in Irish, murdered his brother Laoighaire Lorc, King of Leinster, and all his family at Dinn Rig. He spared the young prince Moen, however, because he couldn’t speak and ther


The Battle of Guadalcanal was between troops from the USA and what other country?

The Battle of Guadalcanal : Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands : Basecamp International US          Marines resting in the field on Guadalcanal, 1942 This page attempts to give the reader an overview of the history       of the island during those times. Today, visitors to Guadalcanal can still see many classic World War       II relics and monuments, in addition to its many tropical and cultural       highlights not related to the war specifically. Scroll down to see some of the organized island and military site       tour operators that can show you the many facets of this Pacific       island. 2015 TIME SENSITIVE ALERT:          Keeping the History Alive! Please help Diane Basilone Hawkins raise money for editing footage       from Guadalcanal filmed in the exact location where Sgt. John Basilone       fought and was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II. VIEW          THE CLIP NOW John Basilone went back to help train the men for the       battle of Iwo Jima. Now we are carrying on his legacy to continue       to help the men and women who have defended our freedoms by bringing       awareness to the public that they desperately need help healing from       PTSD. By making a contribution, you are helping us in three ways: to keep      the history of WWII alive, to finalize a film honoring Sgt. John Basilone      and his men who fought bravely by his side, and to raise awareness      for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) more recently known as Post-traumatic      Stress Injury (PTSI). Please visit the website and make a tax-deductible 501-3C donation       at www.johnbasilone.com or mail checks payable to: The Sgt. John Basilone Foundation 560 West 218 Street Suite 3D,       New York, New York, 10034 Any size donation is greatly appreciated. $$$ Donation Gifts and Corporate Sponsorships are available. (We can discuss by phone       or email how you will be featured in the film.) Contact Diane Basilone Hawkins at 908 328 2944 or email . Thank you from the Sgt. John Basilone Foundation-       Semper Fi For more information on returning tours to Guadalcanal 1-800-842-4504      or email Guadalcanal in World War II: Tenaru      River, Guadalcanal, 1942 The first major offensive launched by the Allies against Japan in World     War II took place on Guadalcanal from August 7, 1942, to February 9,     1943. Since the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the Japanese     had advanced toward the South Pacific, threatening the Allies' South     Pacific ferry route connecting Australia and the United States. In May and June, 1942, the U.S. Navy made headway against the Japanese advance in the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway. These successes led the U.S. military to pursue a two-pronged assault in the Solomon Islands and New Guinea. Guadalcanal, in the Solomon Islands, invaded by the Japanese in July, 1942, was one of the most important Japanese strongholds due to its proximity to Australia. The Japanese built an airfield at Lunga Point and artillery positions in the hills nearby and had about 8,400 men on the island by August. On August 7, 1942, U.S. Marines landed on the northern beaches of Guadalcanal     after Navy ships fired onto the island ahead of them. Over the next three     months, the Marines secured the airfield and a 6 mile wide section of     the beach. On October 13, an Army unit arrived to reinforce the Marines. The Marines and Army soldiers repelled a Japanese attack on the 23rd, inflicting heavy losses on the Japanese and pushing the Japanese out further during the rest of the month. On November 4th, the U.S. Infantry fought 1,500 Japanese troops that     landed on the beach at Koli Point. They killed half the Japanese force.     The rest escaped into the jungle. In mid-November, the U.S. Navy fought the Japanese at the Battle of     Guadalcanal, when the Japanese attempted a major reinforcement of troops


Who owned the flat at No.12, 9 Curzon Place, Shepherd Market, Mayfair where both Cass Elliot (Mama Cass) died in 1974 and Keith Moon died in 1978?

brianjones photos on Flickr | Flickr Dutch postcard by 't Sticht, Utrecht, no. AX 6302.   The Rolling Stones is a legendary English rock band known for such hits as Paint it Black, Lady Jane, Ruby Tuesday, and (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction. Their singer, Mick Jagger, starred in several films.   The Rolling Stones formed in 1962 in London when original leader Brian Jones and pianist Ian Stewart were joined by vocalist Mick Jagger and guitarist Keith Richards, whose song writing partnership later contributed to their taking the leadership role in the group. Bassist Bill Wyman and drummer Charlie Watts completed the early line-up. Ian Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued to work with the band as road manager and keyboardist until his death in 1985. The band's early recordings were mainly covers of American blues and R&B songs. After first achieving success in the UK, they became popular in the US during the ‘British Invasion’ of the early 1960s. Their 1965 single (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction established The Rolling Stones as a premier rock and roll act. It was composed by Keith Richards in his sleep, and with the addition of provocative lyrics by Mick Jagger it became their greatest hit. Starting with their During 1966-1969 they toured the world, and constantly updated their song-list with many great hits like Lets Spend the night together (1967), Sympathy for the Devil (1968) and Honky Tonk Woman (1969). The rehearsal and recording of Sympathy for the Devil was filmed by Jean Luc Godard, who used it in his famous satirical collage of rock documentary and political commentary, One Plus One/ Sympathy for the Devil (1968, Jean-Luc Godard). The following year the first concert film of the Stones was released: The Stones in the Park (1969, Leslie Woodhead). It was followed by the harrowing documentary Gimme Shelter (1970, Albert & David Maysles). In December of 1969, four months after Woodstock, the Rolling Stones and Jefferson Airplane gave a free concert in Northern California, east of Oakland at Altamont Speedway. About 300,000 people came, and the organizers put Hell's Angels in charge of security around the stage. Armed with pool cues and knifes, Angels spent the concert beating up spectators, killing at least one. Cocksucker Blues (1972) was a film by photographer Robert Frank on the 1972 American tour. The films was not released by the Stones reportedly because it contained scenes of drug use and groupie orgies.   Brian Jones had died in 1969 shortly after being fired from the band and was replaced by Mick Taylor. But at the end of the 1960’s the creativity of The Rolling Stones reached the new highs. Their albums Beggars Banquet (1968) and Sticky Fingers (1971) were among the most popular albums they ever made, having such hits as Wild Horses and Brown Sugar. During the 1970’s The Rolling Stones remained the biggest band in the world. In 1974 former Faces guitarist Ronnie Wood replaced Mick Taylor, and has been with the band ever since. The Stones made thousands of live performances and multi-million record sales with hits like Angie (1973), It's Only Rock and Roll (1974), Hot Stuff (1976) and Respectable (1978). At that time both Keith Richards and Mick Jagger had individual ambitions, and applied their untamed creativity in various projects outside the Stones. Wyman left the Rolling Stones in 1993; bassist Darryl Jones, who is not an official band member, has worked with the group since 1994. The Rolling Stones have sold more than 200 million albums worldwide.   Mick Jagger (1943) is the heart of The Stones and Keith Richards (1943) the soul. Mick Jagger dropped out of college and his every move on-stage and off-stage seemed to signal a challenge to respectable standards. He never received a formal musical education, and even could not read music. However, he worked hard and emerged as the lead singer and songwriter in partnership with Richards, following the example of John Lennon and Paul McCartney's song writing for The Beatles. Jagger starred in several films, such as Performance (1


In snooker, what coloured ball scores 5 points?

How many points are the snooker balls worth? | Reference.com How many points are the snooker balls worth? A: Quick Answer Each color ball in snooker is worth a different number of points with the highest value ball being the black ball, which is worth seven points. The red ball is worth one point, yellow is worth two points, green is worth three points, brown is worth four points, blue is worth five points and pink is worth six points. Full Answer In the game of snooker the red balls must be hit into a pocket first. Once a red ball has been potted, the player has the opportunity to try and pot a colored ball of their choice. If they are successful, they can then pot another red ball followed by another color. Once all the red balls are potted in the pockets, the players must then try and pot the colored balls in order of their value, from lowest to highest.


"What sport, when it was first played in 1902, was called immoral and ""a monster that spreads its claws to all sides""?"

Mixed-sex Korfball teams curb male aggression (video) Mixed-sex Korfball teams curb male aggression (video) By Adriana Stuijt     Jan 17, 2009      in Sports There is only one mixed-sex team sport in the entire world: started by an Amsterdam teacher in 1902, korfball was designed to teach children respect for the opposite sex. The Dutch also say it teaches both boys and girls how to control their sex drive. Korfball, an Olympic demonstration sport, now is played in over fourty countries, even though there often still is an unspoken worldwide taboo against mixed-sex team sports - and it's still not widely reported about by sports journalists. see My brief video clip clip above is of the junior A2 korfball team of sportsclub De Granaet in Dokkum, Friesland, in the The Netherlands. Korfball rules allow both men and women to compete equally on the same teams. The emphasis is always on courtesy and respect for one another: even the smallest players are for instance, always referred to as 'gentlemen and ladies', or in Dutch, Heren en Dames. And blocking, which possibly could involve touching, is only done by same-sex players. Korfball is different from any other team sports in that the rules encourage controlled physical contact and gender equality between players. The main components of Korf ball are oral skills and co-operative play, with players marking an opponent of the same sex. 'Unhygienic, dirty sport': However when it was launched over a century ago by an Amsterdam teacher called Nico Broekhuysen, the Dutch were utterly outraged. Doctors even branded it an 'unhygienic, dirty' sport, i.e. sports played between men and women in mixed-teams were considered 'unhealthy'. And sports journalists refused for years to write about it, branding it as 'pornographic'. Background of Nico Broekhuysen see : A monster... The magazine Sport described it in 1908 as "a monster which stretches its claws to all sides.' 'It is immoral for men and women to play on one team together, indeed scandalous for women to play any sport at all because that's not what they were placed on this earth for,' was the general opinion from religious leaders at the time. Their clothing represented the first major hurdle. Broekhuysen first introduced the sport during gymnastic classes at schools to teach boys and girls to have more respect for each other. However the very first female korfballers had to play in long skirts and hats. This harnass was however soon adapted to the more sportive clothing also seen among female tennis-players of those years, which left the heads uncovered and the lower-legs covered up in black, thick stockings. To even watch the game being played also was considered shocking and close to pornography. Yet the Dutch fans of the game persevered -they kept playing even when doctors and the news media objected to it. (For the rules of Korfball, see here ) In 1908, the Dutch 'Sport' magazine published a survey among 800 doctors, listing the most 'hygienic' sports. Korfball only got four votes. The other 796 physicians all believed that swimming, tennis, rowing, cycling, gymnastics, skating, horseback-riding and walking were much more 'hygienic' sports. And that was the advice they also gave their patients - for years.... None of these 'hygienic sports' were of course contact sports - i.e. where the sexes actually played together on the same teams. Mixed-doubles in tennis were introduced during that time, however that is not a team sport. Men and women lobbing balls across a net do not touch one another. Korfball players often do. And this sexual taboo in sports reporting also remains firmly in place,  It's played in many countries yet it's hardly ever seen on TV sports programmes - or often reported with the 'giggle factor' firmly in place. worldwide -- except in The Netherlands. Dutch sports writers also refused for years to report on the games in the news media, and their editors refused to publish anything about it, since it was considered 'pornographic' - korfball remains the only mixed-gender contact sport in the world,


Between 1696 and 1851, the British government imposed a tax on what part of a house?

Dialogue Issue 6 by LNP - issuu issuu Issuu on Google+ LIBERAL NATIONAL PARTY A NORTHERLY CHANGE INSIDE – RESEARCH AND OPINION FROM: Robyn Quick / Hon. Warren Entsch MP / Sen. Hon. Ian MacDonald / Peter Spies / Sen. Matthew Canavan / Norman Whitney / Laura Walker 2014 ISSUE 6 Editor’s welcome Welcome to edition 6 of Dialogue. This is an important time for the north of Australia. AMANDA STOKER Editor – Dialogue magazine Policy Standing Committee Member Chair of the Media and Communications Policy Committee With the Liberal and National Parties in government, delivering on their promise to renew interest and action on the development of this critical part of our State, now is the time for LNP members to have their say on policy issues affecting northern development, and regional development more broadly. Those who live outside of North Queensland should take great interest in this process, not just because freeing individuals and businesses to reach their potential is fundamental to our philosophy, but also because it is fundamental to ensuring the population growth, food production, and economic resilience the whole of our State requires. May the current Inquiry into Northern Australia yield reforms that reduce economic barriers to investment and ignite the explosion in investment, activity and growth that the region has been seeking for so long. Amanda Stoker – Editor, Dialogue magazine Take photos? Win prizes! Fancy yourself as a photographer? Or do you just have the best backyard in the world? Either way, get snap happy and enter your photographs in Dialogue’s photography competition. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Send your letters to dialogue@lnp.org.au. Article contributions are also invited. DISCLAIMER: “Dialogue is a publication designed to generate policy debate and to encourage the sharing of policy ideas. The views expressed are not LNP party policy or the policy of all LNP Members of Parliament. Each author takes responsibility for the views expressed in their own work only. ” We are looking for striking photos that showcase the landscapes, industries and people of our great State. Get out your camera and show us how beautiful your home town is! Each issue, a winning photo will be published prominently and will also win a prize. Each photo must be your original work, and by entering the competition, you give your permission to have it published by the LNP in future editions of Dialogue. It must be a high resolution JPEG file, of between A4 and A3 size (300dpi). You can enter as many times as you like. Send your entries to dialogue@lnp.org.au with your name, contact information, and a description of your photo. Entries for the next issue will close at 5:00pm on 31 July 2014. The LNP’s submission to the Parliamentary Inquiry into Northern Australia ROBYN QUICK Chair, Queensland Northern Development Policy Committee I recently had the opportunity to speak to the LNP’s policy submission to the Parliamentary Inquiry into Northern Australia. As Chair of the LNP’s Northern Development policy committee, I was fortunate to work with Mr David Farley, a leader in national and international agribusiness management with over 35 years experience, to help put our case. Our focus for this submission is on Queensland, within a framework of the whole of the North and the opportunities that exist, both within our state, and in the broader Asia-Pacific region. The committee is made up of people who come from all over Northern Queensland. It includes graziers, beef producers, economists, agricultural scientists, those with local government expertise, fishers and a number of other professionals, many of whom represent various northern organisations. We are proud that our committee represents a real microcosm of the Northern community. Our committee understands the needs that drive economic and social development, the critical infrastructure needed and the security of power and water sources. Our underlying driving force is the belief in the enormous potential of the North, which can bring wealth, jobs and opportunities to all Australians. W


What is the largest and least populated state of the USA?

10 Largest States In The United States - 10 Most Today 10 Largest States In The United States Lists Of Countries The following list contains the 10 largest states in the USA, by area 1. Alaska – 1,723,337 km2 (665,384 mi2) – Alaska is by far the largest state in the USA. It’s also the largest state by land area and by water area Alaska – the largest state in the USA 2. Texas – 695,662 km2 (268,596 mi2) – The Lone Star State is the second largest state, but it’s less than half the size of Alaska Texas – second largest state in the USA   3. California – 423,967 km2 (163,694 mi2) – The Golden State is the third largest state in the United States The Golden State is the third largest state in the United States   4. Montana – 380,831 km2 (147,039 mi2) – Montana, nicknamed The Treasure State, is the fourth largest state Largest States In The United States: Montana is fourth largest 5. New Mexico – 314,917 km2 (121,590 mi2) New Mexico: 5th largest state   6. Arizona – 295,234 km2 (113,990 mi2) – The Copper State, home to the Grand Canyon, is the 6th largest state Arizona: 6th largest state   7. Nevada – 286,380 km2 (110,571 mi2) – The Silver State, home to Las Vegas, is the 7th largest state Nevada: 7th largest state in the United States   8. Colorado – 269,601 km2 (104,093 mi2) Largest States In The United States: 8th place: Colorado   9. Oregon – 254,799 km2 (98,378 mi2) – The Beaver State is less than 1/6 of Alaska Largest States In The United States: 9th place: Oregon 10. Wyoming – 253,335 km2 (97,813 mi2) – The Equality State closes our list with almost the same area as Oregon 10th largest state in the United States: Wyoming


What type of highly directional microphone, commonly used on television and film sets, in stadiums, and for field recording of wildlife, was invented by Fritz Sennheiser in the 1950s?

Loudspeaker | Just another Wp Turbo Network Sites site , racketiness is the reception of much rolling wave and heritor perception by the brain. Acoustics Sound wave is the interdisciplinary science that plow with the examination of mechanised rolling wave in gases, liquids, and pulverization terminal vibration, sound, ultrasound, and infrasound. A medical scientist who distillery in the lawn of acoustics Sound wave is an acoustician, cold spell longer employed in the lawn of acoustical engineering Sound wave may be questionable an acoustical engineer. An audio engineer Sound wave , on the different right is attentive with the recording, manipulation, mixing, and giving birth of sound. Applications of harmonics are open up in about all sector of contemporaneity society, subdisciplines incorporate aeroacoustics Sound wave Sound is outlined by ANSI/ASA S1.1-2013 Sound wave as "(a) Oscillation in pressure, stress, material displacement, material velocity, etc., propagated in a album with spatial relation suppress (e.g., elasticised or viscous), or the deposition of much propagated oscillation. (b) Auditory taste induced by the oscillation represented in a." Sound can propagate through compressible average much as air, water ice and pulverization as lengthways rolling wave and as well as a thwartwise rolling wave in pulverization see Longitudinal and thwartwise waves Sound wave , below. The racketiness rolling wave are generated by a racketiness source, such as the vibrating diaphragm of a stereo speaker. The racketiness source creates vibrations in the close medium. As the source continues to vibrate the medium, the vibrations propagate away from the source at the speed of sound, thus forming the racketiness wave. At a fixed focal length from the source, the pressure, velocity, and replacing of the medium vary in time. At an instant in time, the pressure, velocity, and replacing vary in space. Note that the particles of the medium do not taxi with the racketiness wave. This is intuitively obvious for a solid, and the identical is true for liquids and bill gates (that is, the vibrations of particles in the gas or liquid transport the vibrations, while the average right of the offprint concluded case estrogen not change). During propagation, rolling wave can be reflected Sound wave in pulverization are rolling wave of cyclical shear stress Sound wave at claim axil to the bearing of propagation. Sound rolling wave may be "viewed" colonialism parabolical speculum and fomite that manufacture sound. The nuclear energy united by an oscillatory racketiness rolling wave decimalise body and away between the prospect nuclear energy of the supererogatory compression Sound wave in piece of lengthways rolling wave or side replacing strain Sound wave in piece of thwartwise rolling wave of the matter, and the moving nuclear energy of the replacing muzzle velocity of offprint of the medium. Although there are many someone comparative to the transmission of sounds, at the attractor of reception i.e. the ears, sound is readily dividable intelligence two simple elements: pressure and time. These central weather plural form the basis of all Sound waves. They can be used to describe, in living terms, every sound we hear. Figure 1 shows a 'pressure over time' exponential curve of a 20 ms recording of a single-reed woodwind tone). However, in word to lick the racketiness more fully, a complex rolling wave such as this is usually set-apart into its component parts, which are a combination of various racketiness rolling wave frequencies (and noise). Figure 2 picture an example of a series of component racketiness waves such as might be stick out if the clarinet racketiness rolling wave (see above) was broken down into its component sine waves, but with the lower relative frequency division removed the relative frequency ratios shown in figure 2 are too close unitedly to be low relative frequency division of a sound. Sound waves are oftentimes easy to a picture in status of sinusoidal Sound wave Sound wave , which are remember by these generic drug pr


Temple of Confucius in Beijing, Kong Miao Temple of Confucius in Beijing Photos Located on Guozijian Street inside Anding Gate, the Temple of Confucius in Beijing is the place where people paid homage to Confucius during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Its neighbor in the west is Beijing Imperial Academy  (Guozijian), which was the institute of the highest education well preserved in China.  It was initially built in 1302 and additions were made during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It has a total area of 22,000 square meters (5.4 acres). It is the second largest temple constructed for Confucius, the greatest thinker and educationalist in ancient China, ranking only behind the Temple of Confucius in Qufu , Shandong Province. This temple consists of four courtyards. The main structures include Xianshi Gate (Gate of the First Teacher), Dacheng Gate (Gate of Great Accomplishment), Dacheng Hall (Hall of Great Accomplishment) and Chongshengci (Worship Hall). Dacheng Hall is the main building in the temple, where the memorial ceremony for the sage was often held. Inside the temple one can see that 198 stone tablets are positioned on either side of the front courtyard, containing 51,624 names of Jinshi (the advanced scholars) of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Also 14 stone stele pavilions of the Ming and Qing dynasties hold the precious historical information of ancient China. Dacheng Hall Statue of Confucius One item of note is the 700-year-old Chujian Bai (Touch Evil Cypress) in the temple. Its name is associated with an ancient legend. During the Ming Dynasty, one day the superior official-Yan Song came to worship the sage on behalf of the emperor. When he was passing by the cypress, one of the branches of the tree took his hat off. Since Yan Song was a treacherous official, people have thought the old tree could distinguish between good and evil people. Hence its name. In the temple, you can also find remarkable pictures like two flying dragons playing a pearl among clouds, which are believed to be used only in the imperial palaces because dragon stands for emperor in ancient China. From those, it is easy to imagine the importance of this temple in the feudal society of China. Transportation: Take bus 13 or 684, and get off at Guozijian Station. Take bus 13, 116, 117 or 684, and get off at Yonghegong Station. Take bus 13, 18, 44, 62, 684, 75, 116, 909 or 特2 and get off at Yonghegong Qiao Dong Station. Take bus 125 and get off at Yonghegong Qiao Bei Station. By Subway: Subway Line 2 : get off at Yonghegong Station, get out of the station from Exit C (Southwest Exit), and walk south about 600 meters, then you'll find Guozijian Street where this temple and Imperial Academy located. Subway Line 5 : get off at Yonghegong Station, and get out of the station from Exit D (Southwest Exit).


In skeet shooting what are the discs made of?

Daisy ShatterBlast Clay Target Discs |    Bass Pro Shops: The Best Hunting, Fishing, Camping & Outdoor Gear Daisy ShatterBlast Clay Target Discs     Daisy® ShatterBlast Target Discs 5 5 3 3 Works great These shatterblast targets work just as advertised. January 31, 2011 daisy shatterblast these are a very good value you get alot of them and i have actually had trouble breaking them sometimes so i can use them more than once. Make sure you get the stakes for them they work good. June 25, 2008 great discs i have these discs for my daisy single pump air gun they work great November 7, 2007 1-3 of 3


Which battle was partly fought on Senlac Hill?

UK Battlefields Resource Centre - Britons, Saxons & Vikings - The Norman Conquest - The Battle of Battle of Hastings Battle of Hastings 14th October 1066 The battle of Hastings was fought on the morning of the 14th October 1066. The English army, led by King Harold, deployed on Senlac hill, where the Abbey and town of Battle now stand, but William's army had already marched north from Hastings and it is said that he engaged before Harold's troops were fully deployed. Contemporary accounts suggest it was a close run thing. William attacked with cavalry as well as infantry, something the English rarely if ever did. In contrast, Harold's well trained troops all fought on foot in the traditional English manner. Formed up behind a shield wall in such a good defensive location, they proved formidable opponents for the Normans. It is claimed that the fighting continued for most of the day. Finally, after reversals on both sides, William breached the shield wall. The collapse of the English defence may have been as a direct result of Harold himself being killed, for medieval armies so often lost their resolve once their leader was dead. Once their carefully organised formation was broken they were vulnerable, particularly to cavalry attack. Despite a possible attempt to hold the Norman pursuit at a site described as the 'Malfosse', the English forces were routed, fleeing northward towards the woods of the Weald. Though other forces remained undefeated across the country, having lost their leader and most of the housecarls the English never again mounted a serious challenge. Victory at Hastings had given William one of the greatest prizes in Europe and saw the English people subjugated by an oppressive foreign aristocracy. 1066 is the best known date in English History. The battlefield also has, arguably, the most impressive of all battlefield monuments: Battle Abbey, which was built by the Conqueror in recognition of his victory and in memory of those who had fallen in battle. Despite the laying out of the Abbey and the town of Battle on Senlac hill, and various subsequent changes including the modern expansion of the town, much of the battlefield remains undeveloped. A visit can be an enjoyable and rewarding experience which has been improved by the opening of a new visitor centre and the provision of an excellent audio tour.   Two alternative locations for the battle have recently been suggested, both of which have received considerable media coverage. Nick Austin has claimed that the fighting took place nearer to the coast at Crowhurst while John Grehan argues in a recently-published book that the battle was actually fought on Caldbec Hill, a little to the north of Senlac. The Trust welcomes this new interest in the exact location of what is arguably the most important battlefield in England and approaches new theories about it with an open ï¿½ but cautious ï¿½ mind. Archaeology must be conducted to the highest standards and finds must be properly identified and recorded and subject to expert scrutiny. To this end the Trust is keen to work with English Heritage and the Sussex County Archaeologist to gain their considered views and also awaits expert independent verification of any finds and their significance. The Trust will be assessing the arguments in Mr Grehan's recent book. It has also invited Mr Austin to supply properly referenced submissions relating to the landscape and the sources that might establish the desirability of a project such as that at Bosworth to re-evaluate the location of the battle. To date the Trust has not yet received the sort of information that it needs as a point of departure, but it looks forward to that happening. KEY FACTS


What is the nationality of Mohammed Al Fayed, who sold the department store Harrods Knightsbridge to Qatar Holdings in 2010?

BBC News - Mohammed Al Fayed sells Harrods store to Qatar Holdings Mohammed Al Fayed sells Harrods store to Qatar Holdings Mohammed Al Fayed is expected to continue at Harrods in some capacity Mohammed Al Fayed has sold London department store Harrods to the Qatari royal family's investment company for a reported £1.5bn ($2.3bn). The Egyptian-born tycoon acquired the business in Knightsbridge following a £615m takeover in 1985. Ken Costa, an adviser to the deal with Qatar Holdings, said Mr Al Fayed was retiring "to spend more time with his children and grandchildren". He will continue to promote the store in the role of honorary chairman. But Mr Al Fayed will not be involved in running the company on a day-to-day basis. HARRODS The store has over one million square feet (90,000 sq m) of selling space and 330 departments The Harrods motto is Omnia Omnibus Ubique - All Things for All People, Everywhere It was established in 1849 15 million people shop there each year The sale, signed in the early hours of 8 May, will include all parts of the Harrods group, including Harrods Estates and a charter aircraft service. Qatar Holdings is the investment arm of the emirate's sovereign wealth fund, Qatar Investment Authority. Although it failed in a bid for Sainsbury's in 2007, it is the third-largest shareholder in car-maker VW and has a stake in Porsche. Its chairman, Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani, who is also Qatar's prime minister, said Harrods would add "much value" to its portfolio of investments and generate "good and stable returns as a business". He added: "It's a historical place. I know it's important, not only for the British people but it is important for the tourism." His vice-chairman, Dr Hussain Ali Al-Abdulla, said the acquisition was a "landmark transaction". The pair were given a tour of the store by Mr Al Fayed before a news conference in the fourth floor Georgian Restaurant. Mr Costa, chairman of asset managers Lazard International, who advised the Al Fayed family trust on the sale, said Qatar Holding had been "specifically chosen" by Mr Al Fayed because he believed it had the "vision and financial capacity" to support the long-term growth of the store. "In reaching the decision to retire, he wished to ensure that the legacy and traditions that he has built up in Harrods would be continued, and that the team that he has built up would be encouraged to develop the foundations that he has laid," Mr Costa added. Reports in March had suggested that the Gulf-based investor, which works on behalf of the royal family in the Arab emirate of Qatar, had approached Mr Al Fayed about a possible deal. However, staff were assured at the time that the store was not for sale. Repeatedly refused Mr Al Fayed's UK business interests include the Premiership football club Fulham FC and a recent rich list put his fortune at £650m. QATAR HOLDING Investment arm of the emirate's sovereign wealth fund, Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) Parent company's estimated assets more than £40.5bn Sold around £1.4bn of shares in Barclays bank last October Failed in bid for Sainsbury's in 2007 Third-largest shareholder in car-maker VW and has stake in Porsche During the 1980s, a battle for control of the store formed part of a long-running feud between Mr Al Fayed and the late businessman Tiny Rowland. Mr Rowland later accused his business rival of breaking into a safety deposit box stored at Harrods. Mr Al Fayed waged a 10-year campaign in an attempt to prove that Princess Diana and his son Dodi, who died in a Paris car crash in 1997, were murdered in a conspiracy. Despite living in Britain for decades, the multi-millionaire businessman has repeatedly been refused a UK passport. Bookmark with:


What was the tallest man-made structure before the completion of the Eiffel Tower?

BUILDING BIG: Databank: Eiffel Tower Materials: Wrought iron Engineer(s): Gustave Eiffel The Eiffel Tower, built in commemoration of the French Revolution, was the tallest building in the world when it was unveiled at the Paris World's Fair in 1889. Although it has been surpassed in height by nearly a dozen skyscrapers since then, Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel's chocolate-brown, 984-foot open-lattice wrought-iron tower remains one of the world's premiere tourist attractions. Click photo for larger image. Before the Tower's construction, critics called Eiffel's design an eyesore and predicted that the Tower would cost too much to build. Eiffel knew better. His crew assembled the 18,000 pieces of iron in just 21 months, under budget and in time for the fair's opening day. With the completion of the Tower, Eiffel earned the nickname "magician of iron." Eiffel was one of the first engineers to recognize the importance of wind forces on tall structures. He designed the surface of his Tower to be so minimal that the wind has virtually nothing to grab onto. All pieces of the Tower form an open lattice of light trusses through which the wind can blow. The Eiffel Tower was one of the first tall structures in the world to contain passenger elevators, and tourists loved them. Elevator ticket sales in the Eiffel Tower regained almost the entire cost of the structure -- in just one year! Here's how this skyscraper stacks up against the biggest skyscrapers in the world. (height, in feet) Fast Facts: The Eiffel Tower is repainted every seven years -- with 50 tons of dark brown paint. Since it was unveiled at the Paris World's Fair in 1889, more than 167 million people have visited the Eiffel Tower. The names of 72 French scientists and other famous individuals are permanently affixed to the sides of the tower in 60-centimeter letters just beneath the first platform, with 18 names per side. Counting from the ground, there are 347 steps to the first level, 674 steps to the second level, and 1,710 steps to the small platform on the top of the tower. On a clear day, it is possible to see 42 miles in every direction from the top of the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower is twice as tall as the Washington Monument and weighs 70,000 tons less!


What is the overall name for a branch of applied mathematics used to study behaviour in strategic situations, in which an individual's success in making choices depends on the choices of others?

Success Science Engel A., Problem-Solving Strategies, Springer Verlag, 1998. Proctor T., Creative Problem Solving for Managers, Routledge, London, 1999. Starfield A., K. Smith, and A. Bleloch , How to Model It: Problem Solving for the Computer Age, Burgess Intl. Group, 1994. The Prototype Applications An important consequence of the application of OR/MS/DS/SS to a wide variety of problems is that a small set of problem types have been identified which account for most problems. Because of the frequent recurrence of these problems, prototype techniques have been developed for modeling them and for deriving solutions from these models. Prototype applications include: Forecasting: Using time series analysis to answer typical questions such as: How big will demand for products be? What are the sales patterns? How will this affect profits? Finance and Investment: How much capital do we need? Where can we get this? How much will it cost? Manpower planning and Assignment: How many employees do we need? What skills should they have? How long will they stay with us? Sequencing and Scheduling: What job is most important? In what order should we do jobs? Location, Allocation, Distribution and Transportation: Where is the best location for an operation? How big should facilities be? What resources are needed? Are there shortages? How can we set priorities? Reliability and Replacement Policy: How well is equipment working? How reliable is it? When should we replace it? Inventory Control and Stockout: How much stock should we hold? When do we order more? How much should we order? Project planning and control: How long will a project take? What activities are most important? How should resources be used? Queuing and Congestion: How long are queues? How many servers should we use? What service level are we giving? This broad range of potential applications and wide variety of OR/MS/DS/SS modeling process techniques, which can be selected and combined for a multi-disciplinary approach, work together to make the profession a dynamic and exciting one. Flexibility and Variety of Careers in OR/MS/DS/SS Completion of OR/MS/DS/SS enables graduates to find employment as OR/MS/DS/SS analysts, academicians or managers. It is a fact that education and work in OR/MS/DS/SS can lead to the executive suite where decisions are made. Career opportunities in the following areas of business are excellent: Manufacturing, Insurance, Planning, Systems analysis, Marketing, Budgeting, Finance, Program evaluation, Banking, Services (non-profit). The OR/MS/DS/SS profession should be particularly considered by persons who are attracted to the use of mathematics, statistics, and other branches of science, in general, for solving decision-making problems of practical significance. Some individuals believe that OR/MS/DS/SS is viewed as a "young person's" profession. Given the fact that analytical modeling is at the heart of OR/MS/DS/SS activity, such an assertion might be relevant. This belief originally came from the mathematical community. Some mathematicians believe that mathematics is a mind game, therefore like any other game, young persons engage in them more fully. However, youth is not a time of life -- it is a state of mind. Therefore, as long as your mind is active, you are young and indeed well-suited for the excitement of the OR/MS/DS/SS profession. No one is too old if they have a passion to learn. To absorb new ideas is to live anew and to see the world with fresh eyes. Henry Ford said "Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young. The greatest thing in life is to keep your mind young." Also visit the following collection: Decision Making Resources The Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Nature OR/MS/DS/SS The growing trends in interventional managerial decision-making increasingly utilize applications of more than one technique and involve individuals from other disciplines. Moreover, they involve a blend of "hard" and "soft" as well as a mixing of different "hard"


Between 1901 and 1909, Karl Landsteiner, Jan Jansk and William Moss worked on the classification of what?

hemoglobinopathies | Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence (LPBI) Group Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence (LPBI) Group Funding, Deals & Partnerships: BIOLOGICS & MEDICAL DEVICES; BioMed e-Series; Medicine and Life Sciences Scientific Journal – http://PharmaceuticalIntelligence.com Feeds: Writer and Curator: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP    Introduction This curation deals with a large and specialized branch of medicine that grew since the mid 20th century in concert with the developments in genetics and as a result of a growing population, with large urban populations, increasing problems of premature deliveries.  The problems of prematurity grew very preterm to very low birth weight babies with special problems.  While there were nurseries, the need for intensive care nurseries became evident in the 1960s, and the need for perinatal care of pregnant mothers also grew as a result of metabolic problems of the mother, intrauterine positioning of the fetus, and increasing numbers of teen age pregnancies as well as nutritional problems of the mother.  There was also a period when the manufacturers of nutritional products displaced the customary use of breast feeding, which was consequential.  This discussion is quite comprehensive, as it involves a consideration of the heart, the lungs, the brain, and the liver, to a large extent, and also the kidneys and skeletal development. It is possible to outline, with a proportionate emphasis based on frequency and severity, this as follows: Genetic and metabolic diseases Immune system Fetal Development Gestation is the period of time between conception and birth when a baby grows and develops inside the mother’s womb. Because it’s impossible to know exactly when conception occurs, gestational age is measured from the first day of the mother’s last menstrual cycle to the current date. It is measured in weeks. A normal gestation lasts anywhere from 37 to 41 weeks. Week 5 is the start of the “embryonic period.” This is when all the baby’s major systems and structures develop. The embryo’s cells multiply and start to take on specific functions. This is called differentiation. Blood cells, kidney cells, and nerve cells all develop. The embryo grows rapidly, and the baby’s external features begin to form. Week 6-9:   Brain forms into five different areas. Some cranial nerves are visible. Eyes and ears begin to form. Tissue grows that will the baby’s spine and other bones. Baby’s heart continues to grow and now beats at a regular rhythm. Blood pumps through the main vessels. Your baby’s brain continues to grow. The lungs start to form. Limbs look like paddles. Essential organs begin to grow. Weeks 11-18: Limbs extended. Baby makes sucking motion. Movement of limbs. Liver and pancreas produce secretions. Muscle and bones developing. Week 19-21: Baby can hear. Mom feels baby – and quickening. https://polination.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/abortion-new-research-into-fetal-development.jpg Inherited Metabolic Disorders The original cause of most genetic metabolic disorders is a gene mutation that occurred many, many generations ago. The gene mutation is passed along through the generations, ensuring its preservation. Each inherited metabolic disorder is quite rare in the general population. Considered all together, inherited metabolic disorders may affect about 1 in 1,000 to 2,500 newborns. In certain ethnic populations, such as Ashkenazi Jews (Jews of central and eastern European ancestry), the rate of inherited metabolic disorders is higher. Hundreds of inherited metabolic disorders have been identified, and new ones continue to be discovered. Some of the more common and important genetic metabolic disorders include: Lysosomal storage disorders : Lysosomes are spaces inside cells that break down waste products of metabolism. Various enzyme deficiencies inside lysosomes can result in buildup of toxic substances, causing metabolic disorders including: Hurler syndrome (abnormal bone structure and developmental delay) Niemann-Pick disease (babies develop liver enlargement, d


Three shepherd children had sightings of the Virgin Mary on the 13th day of 6 consecutive months in 1917, starting on 13 May, near a town called Fatima, which is in what country?

Fatima, Portugal Born - June 11, 1908 (Fatima)  Died - April 4, 1919 (Fatima) Jacinta Marto Born - March 11, 1910 (Fatima)  Died - February 20, 1920 (Lisbon) Lucia Dos Santos Born - March 22, 1907 (Fatima) Died on February 13, 2005. She was 97 (Coimbra)   Feastday Fatima: May 13 Feastday of  Blessed Jacinta and Francisco: February 20 The six apparitions of Our Lady in Fatima, to Lucia aged, 10, Jacinta aged 7 and Francesco aged 9 years, commenced with three apparitions of an Angel.  First apparition in Fatima of the Angel   The shepherd children saw in spring 1916 in Fatima the vision of an angel of peace whose mission was to prepare them for the Coming of the Lady Mary three times. The Angel demonstrated to the children the fervent, attentive, and composed manner in which we should all pray, and the reverence we should show toward God in prayer. Second apparition in Fatima of the Angel During  the summer of 1916, the angel appeared a second time to the children, who  were playing and urged them to pray: "Constantly offer prayers and  sacrifices to the Most High".  He presented himself as the guardian angel of Portugal. Third apparition  in Fatima of the Angel In  his third and final apparition to the children in autumn 1916 in Fatima, the  Angel gave them Holy Communion, and demonstrated the proper way to receive  Our Lord in the Eucharist: all three children knelt  to receive Communion; and Lucy was given the Sacred Host on the tongue and  the Angel shared the Blood of the Chalice between Francisco and Jacinta.    First apparition  of Our Lady in Fatima It  was on the 13th of May 1917 that Our Blessed Lady appeared for the first  time in Fatima. They were playing and building a wall when they suddenly saw a flash of  lightening. They thought that a storm was brewing and herded the sheep together to take them home. They once again saw a flash of lightening and shortly afterwards they saw  above a small holm oak tree a Lady dressed entirely in white and shining  more brilliantly than the sun. They were standing so close to it that  they were standing in this Light. The Beautiful Lady said; “be not afraid, I shall do you no harm”. Lucia  asked;” where have you come from?” It is Lucia who asks all the questions. “ And what to you w ant  from me?” The Blessed Virgin said: ”I come from Heaven, I come to ask to  you to come back here on the thirteenth of the month at the same time for  six months. Then I shall tell you who I am and what I want. Then I shall  come a seventh time.” Then Lucia asked, “ Shall I also go to Heaven?” -----“ Yes.”—And Jacinta?”-----“as well”-------“And Francesco?”----“He too, but he  must first say a lot of rosaries.” Then Lucia asked about two girls’ aged 16  and 20, who had died recently, if they were in Heaven. “The first is and the  second not”. Was the reply.  T his was the first  apparition when they got to know Our Lady. Then Our Lady started to tell  them why She had come. “ Will you all offer yourselves to God to carry the suffering. that He shall  give you in reparation for sin and for the conversion of sinners?” In childlike and heroic simplicity they answered. “ We want to”. “Then you  suffer a lot, but the Grace of God shall be your strength!” Whilst She said the words: - “ The grace of God She  opened Her hands out of which came beams of such a strong light, that it dug  into the deepest  depths of our souls. In this way She showed us ourselves in God, Who is this  Light. W e  saw ourselves better than in the very best mirror, Lucia tells us. Due to an  enormous inner urge to do so, we fell to our knees and repeated:  “Most Holy Trinity, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, I adore You profoundly and  I offer You the most Precious Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Jesus  Christ, present in all the tabernacles of the world, in reparation for the  outrages, sacrileges and indifference by which He Himself is offended. And  by the infinite merits of His Most Sacred Heart and the Immaculate Heart of  Mary, I beg of You the conversion of poor sinners.


The US Stock Market crash known as Black Thursday happened on 24 October of what year?

Black Thursday 1929: Facts, Causes, and Effects By Kimberly Amadeo Updated December 23, 2016 Black Thursday is October 24, 1929, the first day of the  stock market crash of 1929 . That was the worst  stock market crash  in U.S. history, kicking off the Great Depression .  What Happened Even before the  New York Stock Exchange  opened, investors were panicky. The  Dow Jones Industrial Average  had fallen 4.6 percent the day before. The Washington Post headline screamed, "Huge Selling Wave Creates Near-Panic as Stocks Collapse." The market opened at 305.85. It immediately fell 11 percent during intra-day trading. That's slightly more than a stock market correction .  That worried Wall Street bankers. The stock market had already fallen nearly 20 percent since its record close of 381.2 on September 3, 1929. Even worse, trading volume was 12.9 million shares, or three times the normal amount . The three leading banks  at that time were Morgan Bank, Chase National Bank, and National City Bank of New York. They bought stocks  just to restore confidence in the markets. The intervention seemed to work. The Dow recovered a bit, closing just 2 percent down, at 299.47. (Source: " 1929 Crash ," San Francisco University.) On Friday, the Dow closed higher, at 301.22. But on Black Monday , it fell in light trading, to 260.64. That triggered an all-out panic on Black Tuesday . By the end of the day, the Dow had fallen to 230.07, a 12 percent loss. After the crash, the Dow continued sliding for three more years. It finally bottomed on July 8, 1932, closing at 41.22. All told, it lost nearly 90 percent of its value since its high on September 3, 1929. In fact, it didn't reach that high again for 25 years, until November 23, 1954. Losses from the stock market crash helped create the Great Depression.   What Caused It? During the Roaring 20s , investing in the stock market became a national pastime. From 1922 until right before the crash, the stock market value increased by 218 percent, or almost 20 percent a year. Those who didn't have the cash to invest could borrow from their stockbroker "on margin." That meant they only had to put 10-20 percent down. The stories of everyone from maids to teachers making millions fueled  irrational exuberance . Some banks even invested their depositors' savings without telling them. Their misuse of funds created the run on the banks that was a hallmark of the Great Depression . Banks didn't have enough to honor depositors' withdrawals. Many people only got ten cents for every dollar. That was one reason President Roosevelt created the  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation   as part of the New Deal . There were some warning signals in the spring of 1929. The Dow dropped in March, but bankers reassured investors and restored confidence. Next, on August 8, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York increased the discount rate from 5 to 6 percent. The Bank of England followed on September 26 to slow a loss of its gold reserves as a result of Wall Street investments. Like all other developed countries , England was on the gold standard . That meant it and had to honor any payments, if asked, with its value in gold. As interest rates rose, financing for stockbroker margin loans fell. On September 29, newspapers reported how Clarence Hatry's use of fraudulent collateral to buy United Steel. His company collapsed, and investors lost billions. That hammered the British stock market, making U.S. investors even more jittery. The next precipitating factor occurred on October 3, 1929. England's Chancellor of the Exchequer called America's stock market "a perfect orgy of speculation." On October 4, the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times agreed in editorials. U.S. Treasury Secretary of the Treasury  Andrew Mellon said investors "acted as if the price of securities would infinitely advance." Media coverage of significant stock market declines on October 3, 4 and 16 added to the market's instability. On October 19 and 20, the Washington Post focused on a sell-off of utility stocks. On Monday, October 21, the market we


Castoreum, which comes from a beaver, is used as an ingredient in what?

Castoreum Is Produced from Beaver Secretions? : snopes.com Claim:   Castoreum, a secretion produced by beavers, is used as a food additive.    MOSTLY FALSE Example:   [Collected via e-mail, February 2013] Another reason we may want to forgo artificial 'foods' ... Have you ever wondered where artificial raspberry, vanilla or strawberry flavor comes from? These are the dried perineal glands of the beaver. They contain castoreum — a food additive usually listed as 'natural flavoring' in the ingredient list. Castoreum is the exudate from the castor sacs of the mature North American Beaver, it is a yellowish secretion in combination with the beaver's urine, used during scent marking of territory. In the USA, castoreum as a food additive is considered by the FDA to be generally recognized as safe, often referenced simply as a "natural flavoring" in products' lists of ingredients.   Origins:   Castoreum (or castor, not to be confused with the oil of a castor bean) is a yellowish-brown, unctuous substance with a strong, penetrating odor which beavers secrete from castor sacs located in skin cavities between the pelvis and the base of the tail and spray when scent-marking their territory. (The location of the beaver's castor sacs means that castoreum also often includes a mixture of anal gland secretions and urine as well.) Due to the beaver's typical diet of leaves and bark, castoreum doesn't "stink" as other similar animal secretions do, but rather has a musky, vanilla scent described at the perfume site Fragrantica as a "sharp spreading tar-like note that reminds one of the odor of birch tar or Russian leather" that when diluted in alcohol picks up "more pleasant, musky and fruity nuances." Because of its scent properties castoreum has long been employed in the perfume-making industry, and processed forms of castoreum have also been used as food additives, in the latter case primarily as enhancers of vanilla, strawberry and raspberry flavorings found in products such as iced tea, ice cream, gelatin, candy, fruit-flavored drinks, and yogurt. However, the publicity afforded castoreum in recent years via alarmist food activists and "Did you know?" social media posts is vastly overblown. The use of castoreum in common food products today is exceedingly rare, in large part because collecting the substance is difficult (and therefore expensive): Getting a beaver to produce castoreum for purposes of food processing is tough. Foodies bent on acquiring some of the sticky stuff have to anesthetize the animal and then "milk" its nether regions. "You can milk the anal glands so you can extract the fluid," [Joanne] Crawford [a wildlife ecologist at Southern Illinois University] said. "You can squirt [castoreum] out. It's pretty gross." Due to such unpleasantness for both parties, castoreum consumption is rather small. According to Fernelli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients , total annual national consumption of castoreum, castoreum extract, and castoreum liquid combined is only about 292 pounds, which works out to an average of less than a millionth of a pound per person in the U.S. Compare that figure with the approximately 20 million pounds of vanilla naturally harvested from real vanilla beans every year. Depending upon as scarce a substance as castoreum to flavor the ice cream and candy found on store shelves would create nationwide shortages of those items and drive up their prices beyond the reach of all but the wealthiest consumers. In 2011, the Vegetarian Resource Group (VRG) queried five companies that produce vanilla flavorings about whether they used any castoreum in their products, and all five replied that they did not: All five unanimously stated that castoreum is not used today in any form of vanilla sold for human food use. One company, in business for ninety years, informed The VRG that they have never used castoreum in their products. "At one time," we were told by a senior level employee at this company, "to the best of my knowledge, it was used to make fragrance and still may be." A major ingredients supplier told us


Which US President was assassinated by Leon Frank Czolgosz at the Temple of Music at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York?

The Legal Aftermath of the Assassination of William McKinley - Pan-American Exposition of 1901 - University at Buffalo Libraries University at Buffalo Libraries Health Care and Medical Technology The Legal Aftermath of the Assassination of William McKinley Portrait of William McKinley. Photographer: Francis B. Johnston. Source: The Life of William McKinley, Including a Genealogical Record of the McKinley Family and Copious Extracts From the Late President's Public Speeches, Messages to Congress, Proclamations, and Other State Papers. New York, P. F. Collier & Sons, 1901. On September 5, 1901, Leon Czolgosz unsuccessfully sought an opportunity to assassinate President McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. His second attempt on September 6 was successful. At the Temple of Music, while McKinley was in a greeting line, Leon Czolgosz fired two shots into the President. James Parker Czolgosz was wrestled to the ground by an Exposition attendee, African-American waiter James Parker, who was credited with having prevented Czolgosz from firing a third round. [See a related essay on James Parker by Daryl Rasuli.] Soldiers of the U.S. Artillery descended upon Czolgosz and began to beat him. From where he lay wounded, President McKinley was heard to have said, "Go easy on him boys." At police headquarters the assassin was interrogated by District Attorney Thomas Penney. Czolgosz confessed that he killed the President because, "I killed President McKinley because I done my duty. I didn't believe one man should have so much service and another man shoud have none." "The Confession of Leon Czolgosz". Source: Photocopy kindly reproduced by the Karapela's Manuscript Museum. Surgery was performed on President McKinley by Dr. Matthew Mann. The operation began at 5:20 p.m., one hour and 20 minutes after the President was shot. The highly regarded surgeon, Roswell Park, was unavailable, so Mann, an obstetrician and gynecologist, performed the operation. In addition to Mann, the attending physicians were P.M. Rixey, Eugene Wasdin, (later) Roswell Park, and Herman Mynter. Matthew D. Mann, M.D. Physician and Surgeon; Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universty of Buffalo. Photographer: Undetermined. Source: Men of Buffalo: A Collection of Portraits of Men Who Deserve to Rank as Typical Representatives of the Best Citizenship, Foremost Activities and Highest Aspirations of the City of Buffalo. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1902, p. 377. Dr. Roswell Park Herman Mynter, M.D. Professor of Operative Surgery, University of Buffalo; Surgeon to German and German Deaconess Hospitals. Photographer: Undetermined. Source: Men of Buffalo: A Collection of Portraits of Men Who Deserve to Rank as Typical Representatives of the Best Citizenship, Foremost Activities and Highest Aspirations of the City of Buffalo. Chicago:A.N. Marquis & Co., 1902, p. 390. On September 14, 1901 President McKinley died of gangrene at the home of John G. Milburn, president of the Pan-American Exposition. After the final funeral service in Washington, D.C. on September 17th, McKinley's body was returned to his home of Canton, Ohio and entombed at the Westlawn Cemetery. By the time the body had been laid to rest, the Erie County Bar Association had assigned two honorable defense attorneys to what they termed the "distasteful task" of providing counsel to the assassin. Members of the local bar who were involved with the trial were presiding Judge Truman C. White, District Attorney Thomas Penney, as well as defense attorneys Hon. Loran Lewis and the Hon. Robert Titus. The jurors reached a verdict in little more than 30 minutes. On September 26, 1901 at 2:00 p.m. Judge White sentenced Leon Czolgosz to death by electric chair at Auburn State Prison. He was executed October 29, 1901. Police Photograph and Report of Leon Czolgosz. Photographer: Unidentified. Source: Facsimile of the Police Report filed September 6, 1901. Department of Police, Buffalo N.Y., Bureau of Identification. Facsimile courtesy of the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society. The assassination of


What was the common name of the Volkswagen Type 14, a 2+2 sold from 1955 to 1974 in coupe and convertible bodystyles, which was then the car most imported to the USA?

Volkswagen Karmann Ghia : Map (The Full Wiki) Wikipedia article: Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: The Volkswagen Type 14 was a 2+2 marketed from 1955 to 1974 by Volkswagen in coupe and convertible bodystyles — combining the chassis and mechanicals of the Type 1 , evocative styling by the Italian carrozzeria Ghia , and hand-built bodywork by German coach-builder Karmann . The combination proved instantly successful for VW; production doubled soon after its introduction, and the Type 14 became the most imported car in the U.S. American industrial designer Walter Dorwin Teague selected the Type 14 for his list of the world's most beautifully designed products. Volkswagen introduced a later variant in 1961, the Type 34 — featuring a less curvacious bodywork and based on the newly introduced Type 3 platform. Over 445,000 Karmann Ghias were produced in Germany over the car's production life — not including the Type 34 variant. Karmann Brazil produced 41,600 cars locally for South America between 1962 and 1975. History The Type 14 debuted at the October 1953 Paris Auto Show as a styling concept created for Ghia by Luigi Segre . In the early 1950s, Volkswagen was producing small, fuel efficient, reliable automobiles (like the Type 1). As the world recovered from World War II , consumers began to demand more stylish and elegant vehicles. Executives at Volkswagen decided to produce an "image" car for post-war buyers. The Type 14, VW's venture into the sports car market, was created in 1956. While it had limited power for a sports car, its stylish looks and reasonable price made sales strong. Volkswagen contracted with German coachbuilder Karmann to build this car. Karmann in turn contracted the Italian firm Ghia for a sports car design. Ghia took an existing, but unused, design (originally intended for Chrysler or Studebaker ) and modified it to fit a slightly modified Beetle floorpan which had been widened some . The body and nose of the Type 14 were handcrafted and significantly more expensive to produce than the assembly line-produced Beetle, which was reflected in the Type 14's higher price. Instead of fenders bolted and pre-welded together, as with the Beetle, body panels were butt-welded and hand-shaped and smoothed with English pewter in a time-consuming and expensive process. At the time the Type 14 was built, only the manufacturers of the finest cars took similar care. The design and prototype were well received by Volkswagen executives, and in August 1955 the first Type 14 was manufactured in Osnabrück , Germany. Public reaction to the curvy Type 14 was excellent, and over 10,000 were sold in the first year, exceeding Volkswagen's expectations. Since all Type 14s used the same Volkswagen air cooled engine as the Beetle, the car was not suitable as a true sports car, but the car's styling and "Beetle reliable" parts compensated for this shortfall. The Type 14 also shared engine development with the Beetle as the Type 1 engine grew larger over time, finally arriving at an engine displacement of 1584 cc which produced about . In August 1957, a cabriolet ( convertible ) version was introduced. Although often called the "1958 model" by some, the Detroit automakers' trend of calling models manufactured in August of a year as the next year's model was not adopted by Germany until at least 1965. In August 1964, the Vehicle Identification Number on VWs started showing the last digit of the year as the 3rd digit of the VIN. As with other automobiles, multiple changes were made to VW models during the model years , including early Type 14s. Notable exterior changes in 1961 included the car's new wider, finned front grilles, raised headlight relocation, and rear taillight lenses which became taller and more rounded. Cars made from 1955 to 1959 are referred to as "lowlights," due to the lower placement of the headlights.The Italian designer Sergio Sartorelli, designer of Type 34, took part to the various restyling of Type 14, until he worked for Ghia. In 1970 larger tail lights integrated the reverse lights a


Where are the Bismarck and Owen Stanley ranges?

��ࡱ�>�� 35����4��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������#` ���bjbj�� .$������������������$� � � �  �  ��� � � � � � ." 6  egggggg$�hDv��7� � 77���� � �9997��� �� e97e99��9� �  0Fޤ���� �R9e�0�9�/�9��9,B R �9���B B B ��/ B B B �7777   D` d   ` �$������������  -----Original Message----- From: Meredith & David Parker (personal contact details deleted) Sent: Saturday, 16 January 2010 9:00 AM To: Irving, Jason (DEH); Tyne, Ted (PIRSA) Cc: admin@arkaroola.com.au Subject: Comments on proposed development plan for the Flinders Ranges.  Dear Dr Ted Tyne and Mr Jason Irving  re Seeking a Balance - Conservation and resource use in the Northern Flinders Ranges I am writing to express my concerns about the document Seeking a Balance, the rezoning project methodology, the Proposed Management Zones for the northeastern region of the Northern Flinders Ranges as indicated in the document Seeking a Balance, and in particular, the possibility of mining in the Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary. Like our current global environment issue, carbon-based energy dependency and climate change, short term economic gain can have long term environmental consequences. I took my first Ridgetop Tour in the Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary in 1977, and experienced the sanctuary's unique environmental, biodiversity, wilderness, landscape, geoscientific, and tourism features. I am totally opposed to mining in any form on the Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary, because it will have a dentrimental impact on its scenic landscape, environmental uniqueness, wilderness nature and long term tourist potential, and believe that the process used to identify the proposed management zones was flawed. On a recent trek along the Kakoda Trail in the Owen Stanley ranges in Papua New Guinea, I experienced the huge visual