What did the Russian dog Laika become the first animal to do, in 1957?

Laika the Dog - First Animal in Outer Space, 1957 Laika the Dog Laika the Dog The First Animal in Orbit Laika, Russian cosmonaut dog, 1957. Laika was the first animal to orbit the Earth, travelling on board the Sputnik 2 spacraft launched on 3 November 1957.  (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images) Updated November 03, 2015. Who Was Laika the Dog? Aboard the Soviet's Sputnik 2, Laika, a dog, became the very first living creature to enter orbit. However, since the Soviets did not create a re-entry plan, Laika died in space. Laika's death sparked debates about animal rights around the world. Dates: Launched on November 3, 1957 Also Known As: Kudryavka; Layka; Muttnik Three Weeks to Build a Rocket The Cold War was only a decade old when the space race between the Soviet Union and the United States began. On October 4, 1957, the Soviets were the first to successfully launch a rocket into space with their launch of Sputnik 1, a basketball-sized satellite. Approximately a week after Sputnik 1's successful launch, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev suggested that another rocket be launched into space to mark the 40th anniversary of the Russian Revolution on November 7, 1957. That left Soviet engineers only three weeks to fully design and build a new rocket. Choosing a Dog The Soviets, in ruthless competition with the United States, wanted to make another "first;" so they decided to send the first living creature into orbit. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know While Soviet engineers hurriedly worked on the design, three stray dogs (Albina, Mushka, and Laika) were extensively tested and trained for the flight. The dogs were confined in small places, subjected to extremely loud noises and vibrations, and made to wear a newly created space suit. All of these tests were to condition the dogs to the experiences they would likely have during the flight. Though all three did well, it was Laika who was chosen to board Sputnik 2. Into the Module Laika, which means "barker" in Russian, was a three-year old, stray mutt that weighed 13 pounds and had a calm demeanor. She was placed in her restrictive module several days in advance. Right before launch, Laika was covered in an alcohol solution and painted with iodine in several spots so that sensors could be placed on her. The sensors were to monitor her heartbeat, blood pressure, and other bodily functions to understand any physical changes that might occur in space. Although Laika's module was restrictive, it was padded and had just enough room for her to lay down or stand as she wished. She also had access to special, gelatinous, space food made for her. Launch On November 3, 1957, Sputnik 2 launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome (now located in Kazakhstan near the Aral Sea ). The rocket successfully reached space and the spacecraft, with Laika inside, began to orbit the Earth. The spacecraft circled the Earth every hour and 42 minutes, traveling approximately 18,000 miles per hour.  As the world watched and waited for news of Laika's condition, the Soviet Union announced that a recovery plan had not been established for Laika. With only three weeks to create the new spacecraft, they did not have time to create a way for Laika to make it home. The de facto plan was for Laika to die in space. Laika Dies in Space Although all agree that Laika made it into orbit, there had long been a question as to how long she lived after that. Some said that the plan was for her to live for several days and that her last food allotment was poisoned. Others said she died four days into the trip when there was an electrical burnout and the interior temperatures rose dramatically. And still others said she died five to seven hours into the flight from stress and heat.  The true story of when Laika died was not revealed until 2002, when Soviet scientist Dimitri Malashenkov addressed the World Space Congress in Houston, Texas. Malashenkov ended four decades of speculation when he amitted that Laika had died from overheating just hours after the launch. Long a


What city in Oceania was devastated by an earthquake in 2011?

Pictures of the earthquake-devastated city centre of Christchurch, New Zealand - The Landslide Blog - AGU Blogosphere Pictures of the earthquake-devastated city centre of Christchurch, New Zealand Posted by dr-dave Last week I was lucky enough to be able to spend a few hours in the “Red Zone”, the closed off city centre of Christchurch, New Zealand.  The number of unstable buildings means that this area is still too dangerous to reopen, and there remains a great deal of demolition to do.  From a distance, this is what the city centre looks like now: If you look very carefully, you can see the lean on the Grand Chancellor hotel (centre right of the image).  This building came very close to collapse, and is now being slowly dismantled.  From close up the reasons are clear: There are other large buildings that are also profoundly damaged, although often the issues are less clear.  These two buildings are both leaning (in both cases towards the road).  Note also the deserted streets – it is a very eerie place in which to spend time: The iconic profoundly damaged building is of course the cathedral.  It is hard to see how it can be recovered without an almost complete rebuild  – note the huge steel buttress propping up the gable end: Indeed, throughout the city churches performed extremely poorly during the shaking.  This is another example just on the edge of the Central Business District: In some cases it is not immediately obvious why buildings are dangerous.  This pile of shipping containers, located to protect road users in case the building behind collapses, appears initially to be superfluous: However, when seen from the opposite direction, the reasons are very clear: Finally, this rather surreal sight of a shattered shop rather summed up the state of the city centre for me.  Recovery will take a long time:


Is the slide rule now a tool only for calculating collectors? - CSMonitor.com Is the slide rule now a tool only for calculating collectors? By Rick Leopold, Special to The Christian Science Monitor April 7, 1987 Save for later Saved Boston — IT'S a tool that engineers who built the Golden Gate Bridge, now 50 years old, would not have been without. Once upon a time, it was used in planning almost all buildings, bridges, tunnels, and other engineering projects. What tool, so universal a short time ago, is hardly seen anymore? The slide rule. In recent years, it's become increasingly difficult to buy an old-fashioned slide rule. In the early '70s, electronic slide rules - better known as pocket calculators - made manual slide rules almost obsolete. Fifteen years ago, Hewlett-Packard came out with the HP-35 - reportedly the first small calculator to perform engineering functions. In the following years, mass production of calculators sent prices plummeting. The slide rule was almost forgotten. Recommended: Could you pass a US citizenship test? Parsippany, N.J., is home to Keuffel and Esser, formerly one of the largest manufacturers of slide rules. Hank Haase, manager of sales administration and a 40-year veteran with the company, which manufactures drafting films and paper, has seen the rise and fall of the slide-rule business. During the 1960s, Keuffel and Esser produced 5,000 slide rules per month. In 1975, they produced their last slide rule. Mr. Haase says it was the Cadillac of the slide-rule industry - the ``Log Log Deci Trig,'' made of seasoned mahogany and precision engraved. During the earlier days of production, it took many craftsman to fashion one of these instruments. Haase notes that the United States Naval Academy and West Point were large users of the ``Deci Trig,'' as were mathematical engineers. Though they're no longer produced, the company still stocks around 1,200 or so and occasionally gets an order for some. Photos of the Day Photos of the day 02/08 Why would anyone still want to buy a slide rule, when inexpensive calculators are so readily available? According to Haase, slide rules are better suited to some functions than are calculators. He explains that if you're doing quotations and bids, markups and markdowns, a slide rule lets you ``see down the road.'' For example, if you set your slide rule on a certain factor to determine, say, a 30 percent margin on the sale of your pet rocks, at a glance you can see what price you would have to charge for a 45 percent margin. This is not possible on a calculator, where you need to make a new mathematical calculation to find the figure for the 45 percent margin. Despite this isolated advantage over the calculator, Haase does not expect the slide rule to make a comeback. Neither does Arthur Orans of Philomath, Ore. Nostlalgia and genuine appreciation for this relic of our recent past led him to found the Philomath International Slide Rule Society. Begun in 1983 after he found an ``orphan'' slide rule at a flea market, his organization now boasts more than 400 members worldwide. Periodic newsletters are sent to members, and the society maintains manuals for slide rules with special uses - such as those for chemical, integral, and naval engineering. Many sympathetic to his cause have sent slide rules to Mr. Oran - from high-tech to big classroom models. In turn, he has donated many of these ``specimens'' to the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry in Portland. For a $7 membership fee, one can join up with fellow slide-rule enthusiasts. The mention of slide rules evokes a poignant memory for Mark Schuster, an assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He remembers the giant, six-foot-long slide rules hanging over the classroom chalk boards during his student days at MIT. He says he laments the passing of the slide rule because students have lost the ability to estimate in a creative way. With slide rules, the user has to figure out the correct placement of the decimal points. Students are now using calculators or computers to solve comple


What Irish airline proposed charging passengers to use the bathroom?

Airline considers fee for lavatory use - CNN.com Airline considers fee for lavatory use By A. Pawlowski, CNN Ryanair, a budget airline based in Ireland, is known for its rock-bottom fares and multitude of fees. STORY HIGHLIGHTS Ryanair may require travelers to pay for lavatory use on short flights Airline is working with Boeing to develop coin-operated door release Budget airline, based in Ireland, is also raising checked bag fees for summer Ryanair is known for its fees and is up-front about them on its Web site RELATED TOPICS Ryanair Ltd. (CNN) -- Fresh on the heels of one budget airline announcing that it will ask passengers to pay extra to bring carry-on bags on board, another is considering charging them for using the lavatory. Ryanair, which is based in Dublin, Ireland, and bills itself as "Europe's first and largest low fares airline," is mulling a plan that would require travelers to pay either 1 euro or 1 British pound (about $1.33 or $1.52) for using the bathroom on flights lasting one hour or less. The plan, titled "Ryanair Cost Saving Proposal," was published in the airline's inflight magazine. The carrier said it is working with Boeing to develop a coin-operated door release so that when nature calls, passengers would need to deposit the change before being able to use the facilities. The idea is to encourage people to use restrooms in airport terminals before boarding, Ryanair said. If the airline were to proceed, the changes would be at least 12 to 18 months away. As part of the plan, the airline is also considering removing two of the three lavatories on some of its planes so it could squeeze in up to six extra seats. The move would help reduce fares by at least 5 percent, Ryanair said. It's not the first time the airline has broached the subject of a toilet fee. CEO Michael O'Leary told the BBC in February 2009 that he was considering the charge. How would it fly with passengers? One hint of how Americans might feel about it may come from an informal poll posted on TripAdvisor.com last summer in which one-fifth of the respondents said they would fly on an airline that charged a fee to access the bathroom; 78 percent said they would not. About 5,300 people answered the online survey question. But the idea may be less shocking to travelers in Europe, where it's not unusual to pay a small fee to use a public restroom. Meanwhile, Ryanair announced Tuesday that it's raising its checked luggage fee from 15 euros to 20 euros per bag for the peak vacation months of July and August. "Ryanair is determined to incentivise passengers to travel light this summer," spokesman Stephen McNamara said in a statement. The airline urged its passengers to avoid the fees by bringing carry-on bags only. Ryanair is already well-known for its fees and is up-front about them on its Web site, which details charges for everything from online check-in to traveling with infants. Customers haven't balked; in fact, Ryanair's passenger traffic grew 13 percent last month compared to the same time last year, the airline reported. Low-cost carriers have embraced the concept of a la carte pricing, or keeping base fares at rock bottom levels while charging passengers for any extra services. On Tuesday, Florida-based Spirit Airlines announced that it will charge its customers $20 to $45 for items they place in the overhead bins. Share this on:


What type of insulation can cause lung cancer and mesothelioma?

Asbestos Lung Cancer: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment Other Criteria Helsinki Criteria The Helsinki Criteria were established in 1997 to help doctors determine if lung cancer and other pleural diseases are asbestos-related. If a person's lung cancer is diagnosed as asbestos-related, it must fit two criteria: The first addresses the latency period: Lung cancer must develop at least 10 years after initial exposure to asbestos. Asbestos-related lung cancer has a minimum latency period of 10 years. If a person is diagnosed within a decade of his or her first exposure to asbestos, the exposure is ruled out as a possible contributing factor. If a patient developed lung cancer 10 or more years after initial exposure, they fit the first criterion. To prove that asbestos contributed to the development of lung cancer, the patient must fit only one of the remaining Helsinki Criteria: Remaining criteria: Diagnosis of asbestosis. Higher than normal asbestos fibers in the lung tissue. The number of asbestos fibers is measured per gram of dry lung tissue and must coincide with the amount seen in asbestosis patients. The exact amount varies based on type and length of asbestos fibers. Higher than normal exposure to asbestos, measured in fibers per milliliter of air a year (fibers/mL-yr). The patient must have been exposed to levels of airborne asbestos equal to 25 f/mL-yr. To reach this threshold in a one-year work period, the patient must have been exposed to a level of 25 f/mL. Such a high level is typically only found in asbestos manufacturing and asbestos insulation work. To reach 25 f/mL-yr in a five-year period, an individual must have been exposed to asbestos at a level of 5 f/mL. This level is typical of shipbuilding and construction work. In 2004, researchers reviewed new study results that had emerged since the Helsinki Criteria first were formed. Researchers concluded the 17-year-old criteria still held. But they amended the list to answer a common question. Researchers more closely considered the role of smoking in asbestos-related lung cancer, stating that a second cause of cancer complicates the issue. Most lung cancer cases are linked to smoking, and some are further linked to asbestos. The authors are careful to note the secondary attribution is difficult to determine. Because asbestos and smoking work together synergistically, researchers suggest it is especially difficult to distinguish smoking-related cases from those caused by both smoking and asbestos. The Helsinki Criteria at work: Suppose a man is diagnosed with lung cancer and worked as a shipbuilder 30 years earlier for several years. The individual fits the first criterion: his first exposure to asbestos was more than 10 years before his diagnosis. He also fits one of the remaining criteria: his occupation exposed him to asbestos at a level of at least 25 f/mL-yr. Because of these two risk factors, doctors would conclude that asbestos caused or contributed to the man's lung cancer. Criticism of the Helsinki Criteria The main critique of the Helsinki Criteria is a result of contradictory hypotheses relating asbestos exposure to lung cancer. There are three distinct and conflicting hypotheses about asbestos exposure causing lung cancer: Asbestos exposure only increases the risk of lung cancer when it has caused asbestosis. Asbestos exposure increases the risk of lung cancer when it is enough to cause asbestosis, despite whether it actually led to an asbestosis diagnosis. This is the hypothesis favored by the Helsinki Criteria. Asbestos exposure always increases the risk of lung cancer, absent of any threshold needed for asbestosis. The Helsinki Criteria specifically state that asbestosis is not necessary to prove a causal relationship, but that asbestosis must have been possible based on the amount of exposure. Researchers who disagree with this hypothesis disagree with the Helsinki Criteria. Proponents of the first hypothesis argue the criteria are too lenient, and supporters of the third hypothesis argue they are too strict. Despite some opposition, the Helsinki


What word commonly follows Trojan or pommel?

Pommel | Define Pommel at Dictionary.com pommel [puhm-uh l, pom-] /ˈpʌm əl, ˈpɒm-/ Spell a knob, as on the hilt of a sword. 2. the protuberant part at the front and top of a saddle. 3. Architecture. a spherical ornament or finial. 4. Gymnastics. either of the two curved handles on the top surface of a side horse. verb (used with object), pommeled, pommeling or (especially British) pommelled, pommelling. 5. to beat or strike with or as if with the fists or a pommel. Expand Latin 1300-1350 1300-50; (noun) Middle English pomel < Middle French, derivative of Old French pom hilt of a sword < Latin pōmum fruit; see pome , -elle Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for pommel Expand Queen Sheba's Ring H. Rider Haggard The pommel was a ball of crystal large as a man's fist, that held within it a spark of intense brilliance. Micah Clarke Arthur Conan Doyle Leaving hold of Don Silvio, fells Rodriguez with the pommel of his sword. Dr. Sevier George W. Cable When every serving-man, from the base to the best, carried a buckler at his back, which hung by the hilt or pommel of his sword. British Dictionary definitions for pommel Expand the raised part on the front of a saddle 2. a knob at the top of a sword or similar weapon verb -mels, -melling, -melled (US) -mels, -meling, -meled 3. a less common word for pummel Word Origin C14: from Old French pomel knob, from Vulgar Latin pōmellum (unattested) little apple, from Latin pōmum apple Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for pommel Expand n. mid-13c., "ornamental knob;" c.1300, "knob at the end of a sword hilt," from Old French pomel (12c., Modern French pommeau), "rounded knob," diminutive of pom "hilt of a sword," from Late Latin pomellum, diminutive of Latin pomum "apple" (see Pomona ), the connecting notion being "roundness." Sense of "front peak of a saddle" first recorded mid-15c. In Middle English poetry it also sometimes meant a woman's breast. The gymnast's pommel horse is attested from 1908. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


If you can travel from Luxor to Venice to New York in less than 30 minutes, which city are you in?

Holiday to Affinia Manhattan, New York & Luxor Hotel, Las Vegas, New York and Las Vegas, America | Voyager Travel Direct Request a call-back » Book With Confidence: ABTA Number: J4920. Trading Since 1991. Agents for Atol Protected Tour Operators.       Members of the Advantage Travel Partnership. Find out more About us . This offer was last checked 16 November 2011. Book Now By Calling: Quoting reference: OFFWELCIR3 Holiday Information A Multi Centre Holiday taking in the Big Apple and Las Vegas. Staying for 2 Nights at the 4 Star Affinia Manhattan in New York before transfering to the bright lights of Las Vegas, staying for 5 Nights at the 4 Star Luxor Hotel & Casino right on the famous Las Vegas strip. Affinia Manhattan, New York & Luxor Hotel, Las Vegas Affinia Manhattan, 4 Star New York 2 Nights Affinia Manhattan boasts 616 newly redesigned guest rooms set in the heart of New York City. The comforts of technology await, including flat−screen televisions, mp3 docking stations and wireless internet. Location On Seventh Avenue in the centre of New York, near Madison Square Garden and Macy's and just a few steps from Penn Station. Features Restaurant; bar; fitness centre; concierge; parking (local charge payable) Accommodation 616 rooms including Standard and Deluxe guest rooms featuring refrigerators and coffee makers and a desk area; studio suites with fully equipped kitchens and desk area, and one bedroom suites with a separate living area with a pull out sofa bed and full kitchen, that can sleep up to 4 adults. Luxor Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas 4 Star 5 Nights A pyramid pierces the sky at 350 feet, at its apex a light so bright it is said to send a beam ten miles into space. A sphinx at the entrance is ten storeys high, larger than anything in Luxor. This is a fantasy resort and the unique Luxor hotel. Location A landmark hotel located at the south end of the Las Vegas Strip, five minutes from the airport. Features Housing a 30-storey atrium - the largest in the world, this huge hotel turns hospitality into an ancient art. Among a choice of seven restaurants are 'Tender' serving steak and seafood and the Pyramid Café, which offers dining around the clock. Leisure facilities include five swimming pools, a fitness centre, spa, bars, nightclubs and the amazing Cirque du Soleil show 'Believe'. Accommodation 4408 rooms, located in the pyramid and designed to offer a contemporary version of Luxor. Each has airconditioning, telephone, television, and shower You May Also Like..... View all holidays » * Additional Charges If the number of people staying in this room is less than the maximum occupancy, there may be a slight charge for under-occupancy.             Bookings made by credit card incure a fee of 1%, American Express 2.5%, no charge for UK debit cards.             All other holiday companies charge these supplements; it's just that we are up front about them and inform you of them before you call. Terms and Conditions Voyager Travel Direct Terms and Conditions Disclaimer All property information is the tour operators brochure description and is provided by an independent             source. Facilities and amenities described herein can not be guaranteed by the Agent. All holidays             are subject to availability changes. When a deal is gone, it is gone. Certain countries require visas prior to travel. It is your responsibility to check for any necessary visa or inoculation             requirements for your destination. Book Now: Request a call-back » Book With Confidence: ABTA Number: J4920. Trading Since 1991. Agents for Atol Protected Tour Operators.       Members of the Advantage Travel Partnership. Find out more About us . This offer was last checked 16 November 2011. * Additional Charges If the number of people staying in this room is less than the maximum occupancy, there may be a slight charge for under-occupancy.             Bookings made by credit card incure a fee of 1%, American Express 2.5%, no charge for UK debit c


Victoria Grossack - Did Oedipus really marry his mother? - Unexplained Mysteries Image credit: Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres Did Oedipus really marry his mother? Posted on Wednesday, 17 August, 2011 | 3 comments Columnist: Victoria Grossack Most people know the story of Oedipus, made famous by Sophocles� play Oedipus Rex, which was first performed in Athens in 429 BCE. In the play, King Oedipus of Thebes is deeply concerned about a plague afflicting his city. He is told that the suffering is caused by the gods, who are angry that the death of Laius, the previous king, was never avenged. The killer needs to be properly punished. Oedipus sets out to solve the murder (one of the world�s first �cold cases�). His sleuthing leads in a circle and he discovers, to his horror, that he is Laius� killer! To make matters worse, Laius was his father, which means that Oedipus has committed patricide, a crime considered much more terrible than an �ordinary� murder. In marrying Laius� widow, Jocasta � which the people of Thebes invited Oedipus to do after he solved the riddle of the Sphinx, freeing them from that monster � Oedipus has inadvertently married his mother. By the time the Sophocles� play opens, Oedipus and Jocasta have been married for many years and have produced four children. But did it really happen? Did Oedipus really marry his mother? If you consider only the elements of Sophocles� play, then the answer is a resounding yes, of course he did! That�s the point of the story. However, if you are asking whether these events really occurred at some point in history, determining the answer is more difficult. Some may argue that Oedipus is only a myth; that he never existed. That�s certainly possible. However, if he did exist, he would have lived in the Late Bronze Age, approximately 1300 BCE � a few generations before the traditional date ascribed to the Trojan War (another still-debated �event�). The time period makes things difficult. In 1300 BCE Greece a few people were writing things down � pottery shards dating back to this era have been discovered in Thebes bearing scraps of writing � but the script used, Linear B, was employed mostly for making inventories rather than recording history. And shortly after 1200 BCE, the region went through some sort of cataclysm. During this period, the population decreased significantly and most cities were burned and/or abandoned. Some, like Mycenae, were never repopulated. Written language became a lost art in both the Aegean and western Anatolia. The cause of this upheaval has not been determined. There are many theories, including natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, climate change, and invasions from distant marauders who had mastered the use of iron. But for the purpose of this article what matters is that there was a break in the continuity of knowledge and history. Hence, the playwrights of Classical Greece � such as Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripides � based their dramas on stories that had been passed down for generations by word of mouth. They may have not cared whether the stories were actually true. So, perhaps our first question should not be whether Oedipus really married his mother. Instead it should be: Did Oedipus even exist? Legends place Oedipus mostly in Thebes (the city in central Greece, not the city in Egypt bearing the same name). Excavating in Thebes poses problems not faced by the archaeologists digging up Troy in what is now Turkey, or Mycenae in the Peloponnese, because Thebes is still inhabited � and has been for millennia. It�s harder to dig where a house currently exists: the owners may object! Moreover, because of the long inhabitation, much of the past has been destroyed. Those engaged in construction a thousand years ago saved themselves time and effort by taking stones out of the crumbling city wall rather than traveling to a distant quarry to chip out new ones. Hence, the ancient city walls of Thebes, among many other structures, no longer exist. So searching for evidence of Oedipus in Thebes is p


What is also known as the clink, the big house, or the pokey?

Hoosegow & Pokey « The Word Detective Hoosegow & Pokey Lemme outta here. Dear Word Detective:  Where did the words “hoos-cow” and “pokey” originate as slang for jail? — Siobhan Taaffe. Oh boy, jail.  Also known as the slammer.  The tank. The big house.  The clink.  The joint.  The Graybar Hotel.  The cooler. Stir. Inside.  Gosh, you’d never guess that the US has the highest per capita incarceration rate in the world, would you?  So it’s not very surprising that we have so many slang synonyms for “correctional institution.”  By the way, every time I hear the euphemism “correctional institution,” I picture a training school for proofreaders, which is ironic because I once worked with two proofreaders who were eventually dragged away by the FBI for insider trading. Much as I like the spelling “hoos-cow” (“Hoos cow is that in the cafeteria?”), the standard form of the word is “hoosegow” (although there are more than a thousand Google hits for “hooscow,” so that may change).  “Hoosegow” is a souvenir of our close connection to Mexico, a modified form of the Mexican Spanish word “juzgado,” meaning “jail.”  The original meaning of “juzgado,” interestingly, was “tribunal” or “court,” and the word is derived from the Latin “judicare,” meaning “to judge” (and from which our “judge” and “judgment” also derive).  “Hoosegow” first arose in the the western US, probably in the 19th century, although the first occurrence of the word in print found so far is from 1908. “Pokey” as slang for “jail” dates to early 20th century America and is actually a variant form of “pogey,” a 19th century English word for “poorhouse” or “welfare hotel.”  The roots of “pogey” are largely a mystery, but the word may be related to the adjective “poky,” an interesting word in itself.  The original sense of “poky,” in the 18th century, was, logically, “something that pokes,” i.e., projects or points out (as in a “poke bonnet,” a style of the day that featured a prominent brim).  In the 19th century, the word came to mean “cramped or confined,” as a small room might make a resident feel “poked at” by the walls.  Since jail cells are not known for their generous elbow room, this is probably the connection between “poky” (cramped) and “pokey” (jail). “Poky” also acquired the meaning of “dull, narrow-minded and slow” here in the US, probably from that same sense of “cramped.”  “Poky” today is a useful little word that can be applied to anything from horses (“Plop, plop, plopity plop… The feet of Father Ready’s poky old saddle horse slowly ate upon the weary miles,” 1932) to computer programs (“HyperCard is quite poky when running on a standard 1-megabyte Mac Plus, even from a hard disk,” 1989).


What is term for the Indian religious belief that the soul will enter a new body after death?

The Soul | Native American Netroots Native American Netroots …a forum for the discussion of political, social and economic issues affecting the indigenous peoples of the United States, including their lack of political representation, economic deprivation, health care issues, and the on-going struggle for preservation of identity and cultural history Search by Ojibwa Many religious traditions include the concept of the soul. In some traditions, the human soul is central to the belief system, while in others it is not. In some religious traditions, particularly the Christian tradition which the European colonists and the American government attempted to force upon the indigenous cultures of North America, humans have only one soul. However, in many American Indian religious traditions, humans are seen as having multiple souls.   Among the Sheepeater Shoshone, there are three kinds of souls. The first of these is the suap or “ego-soul” which is embodied in the breath. The second is the navushieip or “free-soul” that is able to leave the body during dreams, trances, and comas. It is the navushieip that encounters the guardian spirit that becomes one’s ally during life. Finally, there is mugua or “body-soul” which activates the body during the waking hours. A Shoshone camp is shown above. Religious healers used two different methods for curing the sick. For some kinds of sickness they would rely on their intimate knowledge of the curative powers of certain plants. In other kinds of healing, they would remove foreign objects from the patient’s body or go into a trance to restore the patient’s soul. Among the Sheepeater Shoshone, if a person was sick because the soul had fled, then the medicine person went into a trance to search for the soul. If found during the trance, the soul could be restored to the body and in this way the sick person was restored to health. Among the cultural traditions of the Atlantic Northeast, humans were seen as having more than one soul. Among the Narragansett, for example, there was one soul that worked when the body was asleep and another soul that would leave the body after death. When the body was asleep, the dream soul-Cowwéwonck-would roam, often appearing as a light, and seek out guardian spirits. The other soul-Míchachunck-was located near the heart and was the individual’s animating force. Among the Huron, each person has two souls: one of these souls animates the body and one soul extends beyond physical activities. In sleep, one soul communicates with spirits and with other human souls. When this soul returns to the body, dreams are the way in which the soul’s experiences are communicated. From a Huron perspective, it was essential to reenact these dream adventures in order to unify the two souls and make each person whole again. The failure to do this would result in serious illness which could impact the entire village. According to Anishinabe (Ojibwa, Chippewa) spiritual teachings, human beings have two souls, one of which travels at night and lives the dreams. With two souls, human beings can communicate with both the spirits and the souls of non-human persons. Chippewa elder John Thunderbird explains it this way: “Your soul dreams those dreams; not your body, not your mind. Those dreams come true.” He also points out: “The soul travels all over the world when you dream.” Reincarnation:   Around the world, many religious traditions teach that after death the soul is reincarnated. Among the Indians of North America, the concept of reincarnation is found in many tribes. Sioux physician Charles Eastman writes: “Many of the Indians believed that one may be born more than once, and there were some who claimed to have full knowledge of a former incarnation.” Writing in 1817 about one Lenni Lenape man, Christian missionary John Heckewelder reports: “He asserted very strange things, of his own supernatural knowledge, which he had obtained not only at the time of his initiation, but at other times, even before he was born. He said he knew that he had lived through two generations; that he ha


What's Happening In North Korea Will Remain A Total Mystery - Business Insider print The Mansudae Grand  Monument in Pyongyang, depicting regime founder Kim Il-Sung and  his son, Kim Jong-Il. Benjamin  Mack No one seems to know  what's  happening in North Korea right now . Kim Jong Un hasn't been  seen in public in weeks. The capital is reportedly on lockdown.  And Pyongyang sent perhaps its most senior delegation in history  to South Korea, pretty much by surprise. Maybe Kim Jong-Un, the country's hereditary neo-Stalinist ruler,  was overthrown in a palace coup. Maybe he's just recovering from ankle surgery . No one outside the country  really knows for sure — at least no one who's in a position to  talk about it publicly.  And if an earlier, far more severe and more public North Korean  upheaval is any guide, the world may never know. In 1995, one or even two entire army corps might have been  plotting an insurrection at the moment the Kim regime was at its  weakest. The fact that so little is known about the incident 20  years later is an instructive reminder of how Pyongyang excels at  perpetuating its own survival — and suppressing the truth in the  process.   Tanks  roll past the podium during a military parade to celebrate the  centenary of the birth of North Korea's founder Kim Il-sung in  Pyongyang April 15, 2012 Bobby  Yip/REUTERS What Actually Happened In 1995? In 1995, North Korea was experiencing one of the most severe  crises in its history. The end of Cold War-era subsidies from the  Soviet Union led to the collapse of the north's once-powerful  manufacturing sector; meanwhile Pyongyang feared that  liberalizing the economy in the face of an economic depression  and growing food shortages would weaken a regime committed to  hardcore centralization. As a result the Kim dynasty survived the  famine years — while creating a catastrophe that killed around one million people between 1994 and 1998. People were dying, infrastructure was collapsing, food was  scarce, and experts were widely predicting  the Pyongyang regime couldn't survive  without the Cold War-era power balance to sustain it. Regime  founder Kim Il Sung had died also in 1994, meaning one of the  government's pillars of legitimacy was gone — replaced with Kim  Jong-Il, the late dictator's son and someone who appeared  vulnerable and untested to many outside observers. In the spring of 1995, North Korea's Sixth Army Corps, which  regional expert Michael Madden describes as "one of the military's nine major regular army  units," was purged and disbanded. The corps, which was based in  the northeastern coastal city of Chongjin, was violently cleansed  of its top leadership after an army unit commanded by Kim  Jong-Il's brother-in-law deployed to the area. Per  Madden,   Scores of commanders and officers were reportedly executed.  Some accounts claim a firing squad brandishing machine guns mowed  them down. Other accounts say the officers were tied up and  restrained in their headquarters, which was burned down. Few dispute that a major army unit was liquidated during  perhaps the most desperate point in the regime's recent history.  The question is why. Madden admits that "the details remain unclear" but  concludes that the corps "abandoned their posts and might  have mobilized with the intention of marching on the  capital."  Scholars Victor Cha and Nicholas Anderson described a fairly developed plot to split the military and  undermine the Kim regime: "In 1995, upset with Pyongyang's  decision not to ship food to the Hamgyong Provinces, senior  officers of the VI Corps stationed in Chongjin sought to take  control of a university, a communications center, Chongjin port  and missile installations and reportedly planned to team up with  VII Corps ... to oppose the government," they write in an essay  included in the book North Korea in Transition . Barbara Demick, the Los Angeles Times' current Beijing bureau  chief and author of the critically lauded book " Nothing  to Envy: Ordinary Lives in N


What word can mean either a song for sailors or a dilapidated house?

Shanty - definition of shanty by The Free Dictionary Shanty - definition of shanty by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/shanty Related to shanty: Sea shanty shan·ty 1 n. pl. shan·ties A roughly built, often ramshackle building; a shack. [Probably from Canadian French chantier, hut in a lumber camp, from French, timberyard, from Old French, gantry, from Latin canthērius, rafter, nag, from Greek kanthēlios, pack ass.] shan·ty 2 1. (Architecture) a ramshackle hut; crude dwelling 2. Austral and NZ a public house, esp an unlicensed one 3. (Forestry) (formerly, in Canada) a. a log bunkhouse at a lumber camp b. the camp itself [C19: from Canadian French chantier cabin built in a lumber camp, from Old French gantier gantry] shanty chantey n, pl -ties or -teys (Music, other) a song originally sung by sailors, esp a rhythmic one forming an accompaniment to work [C19: from French chanter to sing; see chant] shan•ty1 a crudely built hut, cabin, or house. [1810–20] igloo , iglu - an Eskimo hut; usually built of blocks (of sod or snow) in the shape of a dome mudhif - a reed hut in the marshlands of Iraq; rare since the marshes were drained shelter - a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger 2. work song - a usually rhythmical song to accompany repetitious work shanty noun 2. song , song , air , tune , chant , ballad , hymn , ditty one of my father's favourite sea shanties shanty 1 [ˈʃæntɪ] N (Brit) (also sea shanty) → saloma f shanty 2 [ˈʃæntɪ] N → chabola f, jacal m (Mex), bohío m (CAm), callampa f (Chile) shanty (= song) → chanson f de marins shanty town shantytown [ˈʃæntitaʊn] n → bidonville m shanty n (= hut) → Baracke f, → Hütte f shanty n (Mus) → Seemannslied nt, → Shanty nt shanty 1 [ˈʃæntɪ] n (also sea shanty) → canzone f marinaresca shanty shanty (ˈʃӕnti) – plural ˈshanties – noun 1. a roughly-built hut or shack. hut كوخ خَشَب барака barraca chatrč die Bude hytte; skur παράγκα , καλύβα chabola , barraca hurtsik كلبه hökkeli baraque צריף झोंपडी़ koliba, straćara viskó gubuk kofi, hreysi baracca 小屋 오두막집 trobelė, lūšnelė būda; mājele gubuk hut skur , brakke chata , chałupa كوډله، جونګړه، كوډۍ barraca baracă хижина , лачуга chatrč koliba udžerica skjul, kåk, hydda กระท่อมที่สร้างหยาบ ๆ gecekondu , derme çatma yapı 簡陋小屋，鐵皮棚屋 халупка, халабуда جھگی chòi 简陋小屋，铁皮棚屋 2. (also sea shanty) a song that sailors used to sing while working. liedjie أُغْنِيَة بَحّارَه моряшка песен cantiga námořnický popěvek ein Matrosenlied sømandssang τραγούδι των ναυτών κατά την ώρα εργασίας τους saloma madruste töölaul سرود ملاحان merimieslaulu chanson de marins שִיר מָלַחִים मल्लाहों का गीत mornarska pjesma tengerészdal nyanyian pelaut (canto dei marinai al lavoro) 舟歌 뱃노래 jūreivių darbo daina jūrnieku darba dziesma gurindam anak kapal matrozenlied sjømannsvise szanta د ملاحانو سرود په سيند كښې матросская песня námornícka pieseň mornarska pesem mornarska pesma shanty เพลงที่กะลาสีร้องให้จังหวะขณะทำงาน heyamola (舊時)水手工作時唱的歌 хорова робоча пісня матросів گانا جسے کام کرتے وقت مزدور وغیرہ گاتے ہیں hò kéo thuyền 水手歌，船歌 Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: sea References in classic literature ? You know the saloon is one of them patent houses you can take to pieces, and I've been reckoning you boys will have to pitch in and help me to take the whole shanty over to the laurel bushes, and put it up agin Kearney's cabin. View in context It was pretty close to the shanty, and I thought I heard the old man coming all the time; but I got her hid; and then I out and looked around a bunch of willows, and there was the old man down the path a piece just drawing a bead on a bird with his gun. View in context Writers there are who say the first adventure he met with was that of Puerto Lapice; others say it was that of the windmills; but what I have ascertained on this point, and what I have found written in the annals of La Mancha, is that he was on the road all day, and towards nightfall his hack and he found them


What part of the body is affected by cirrhosis?

How does cirrhosis affect the body? - Liver Disease - Sharecare How does cirrhosis affect the body? Topics | Digestive Health | Liver Disease | How does cirrhosis affect the body? A Answers (2) A Honor Society of Nursing (STTI) answered Cirrhosis can affect the body in several ways. The scar tissue makes blood flow difficult. That can cause high blood pressure in the vein between the liver and intestines, which in turn causes a risk of internal bleeding in the gastrointestinal track. People with cirrhosis are also at a higher risk for liver cancer. Because the liver is damaged, cirrhosis can cause an increase of toxins in the blood, which can lead to mental problems such as memory loss. A Columbia University Department of Surgery answered With repeated injury over time the liver becomes unable to function properly and scarring develops. This is known as cirrhosis of the liver. As cirrhosis worsens, almost all liver function is lost and the organ becomes harder and smaller. In the absence of a healthy liver, fluid accumulates in the abdomen and legs. Bile salts can build up in the skin, causing itching and jaundice. Bleeding from large veins in the esophagus and GI tract may occur. Toxins can accumulate in the blood, resulting in mental slowing and confusion. Helpful? This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs. Videos (6) Liver Disease The liver assists in both digestion and cleaning toxins from your blood. When the liver is damaged, symptoms often include yellow color in skin and eyes, dark urine, persistent itching, and fatigue. The causes can be viral, as in Hepatitis A-E, or can be due to scarring, cirrhosis, or a liver cancer. You can be at risk for liver disease if you drink heavily, have body piercings, work in health care or another job that exposes you to other people's body fluids. Tests for liver disease include blood tests, scans, and biopsy. Liver Disease Q&As


What French luxury company shares its name with the Greek messenger god?

Greek mythology and Olympian gods - Greeka.com 29 Greek myths | Ancient sites | Ancient Greece General information about Greek Mythology The most ancient works to portray the mythology was certainly Iliad and Odyssey, dating from the 8th century BC. The poem Theogony by Hesiod followed around 700 BC. As the name of the poem depicts (Theogony means the birth of Gods), it deals with the creation of the human world and the ancient Gods. The Greek mythology says that the Greek gods were living in Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. As all gods, they were immortal. The imagination of the people would not picture them as eternally young, but each god had a different age. For example, Zeus and Hera were middle-aged, while Apollo and Aphrodite were for ever young. To keep their eternal life, the Olympian Gods would eat ambrosia and drink nectar. The Olympian Gods were 12 in number. However, in Greek mythology stories, there were also many other smaller gods and deities that lived in the earth. For example, nymps of the sea lived in the waves and nymphs of the forest lived inside the boles of the trees. For the ancient Greeks, many natural phenomena or nature itself were also personalized as gods. Aether was the god of the upper air, Hemera was the goddess of daylight, Erebus the god of darkness and Zephyros the god of the west wind. There were also special gods for feelings and situations, such as Themis for justice, Via for violence, Eris for discord, Hebe for youth, Hypnos for sleep, Mania for insanity and many others. The gods would usually mate to each other or with mortals and have children. For example, Aphrodite, goddess of beauty, and Ares, god of war, gave birth to Cupid, the god of love. Also, the coupling of Zeus and a mortal woman named Leto gave birth to two important gods, Apollo and Artemis. It was very frequent that the child of a god and a mortal was made god or at least had superficial powers. Let's take the example of Hercules, the son of Zeus and mortal Alcmena. Although he was not considered a god, he had inherited some extra-human powers. He had a great strength and could beat huge giants in battle. Hercules is mostly known in mythology for his twelve labors, such as the slay of the Nemean Lion and of the 9-headed Lernaean Hydra, the steal of the Esperides Apples and the Capture of Cerberus. Another hero with superficial powers was Theseus , the son of mortal Aethra and the divine Poseidon. He is famous as a king of Athens and also for his difficult tasks: to kill the Minotaur and to win the legendary Amazons during their siege of Athens. Gods, for the ancient Greeks, had a very liberal attitude in life. Family unions were not applicable to them, that is why brothers could marry their sisters and have children or a son could kill his parents. How much liberal rules were for the gods, this would not apply for mortals. If a mortal broke up a moral rule, the punishment was severe. Particularly strong for the mortals was the anti-blasphemy rule, which banned people from talking unrespectfully against a god. If someone did so, the god would get angry and punish him. In general, the ancient Greeks would consider something bad in their lives as a punishment for gods. If they had a disease, they would pray to the gods to forgive his sins. If a floud would occur and destroy their city, they would make a sacrifice to calm down the gods. From this, it can be seen that there was a sense of respect and fear between people and the gods and that people didn't feel free to live their lives, but thought that everything would come or be taken away from them. Mythology, Olympian Gods and deities Some facts about the Greek mytholgy (Theogony by Hesiod, Cronus takes over power, Zeus taking power) and the Olympian gods: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Aphrodite and more. Mythological facts Theogony by Hesiod Hesiod depicted universe as a chaotic place until the emergence of the divine beings Eros (Love), Abyss (Tartarus) and Erebus (Darkness). After them, Gaia (Earth) was born who gave birth to Uranos (the Sky).


The Inverted Jenny depicts an upside down plane and is worth almost a million dollars. What is it?

USPS reissues America's most famous stamp Download PDF LOUISVILLE, KY — Nearly a century after it was first issued, America’s most famous stamp — the misprinted 24-cent Inverted Jenny — will be reprinted as a $2 stamp as part of the Stamp Collecting:  Inverted Jenny souvenir stamp sheet. The stamp was unveiled in Louisville during the American Philatelic Society’s AmeriStamp Expo at the Kentucky International Convention Center. The sheet of stamps will be issued Sept. 22 to coincide with the Smithsonian’s National Postal Museum opening of the William H. Gross Stamp Gallery — the world’s largest stamp gallery. This souvenir sheet features a new version of the most famous error in the history of U.S. stamps:  the Inverted Jenny, a 1918 misprint that mistakenly showed a biplane flying upside down. Reprinted with a $2 denomination to make them easily distinguishable from the 24-cent originals, the Inverted Jennys on this sheet commemorate the many ways a single stamp can turn a moment in history upside down. The original engraved dies to produce the 1918 Inverted Jenny are being used in the design to produce the new stamps. The 24-cent Curtiss Jenny invert error In 1918, to celebrate the first Air Mail flight, the Post Office Department had the 24-cent Curtiss Jenny stamp produced. Because the design required two colors, sheets were placed on the printing press twice — a process given to human error — as stamp collectors at the time well knew. One collector, William T. Robey, was on the lookout for stamps with printing errors on the morning of May 14, 1918, the first day of issuance for the stamp and the day before Air Mail service began. To Robey’s amazement, a postal clerk handed him a 100-stamp sheet of the new Air Mail stamps mistakenly showing the biplane upside down within its frame. “The clerk reached down under the counter and brought forth a full sheet,” Robey recounted 20 years later, “and my heart stood still.” Robey would soon learn that he had purchased the only sheet of misprinted Jenny stamps to fall into public hands. Within days, he sold the sheet to a stamp dealer, who immediately resold it to another collector. The sheet was broken up and the stamps were sold individually and in blocks of four. For nearly a century, stamp collectors, referred to as philatelists, have chased the Inverted Jennys, accounting for nearly all 100 of them — even as the stamp became one of the country’s best known philatelic treasures. One of the remaining originals recently sold at auction for $625,000.  Stamp design reflects preliminary artwork and is subject to change. 2 Stamp Collecting: Inverted Jenny Stamp This souvenir sheet includes six Inverted Jenny stamps, with a $2 denomination easily distinguishing them from the 24-cent 1918 originals. The six stamps appear in two rows of three at the center of the sheet. Around the block of six stamps, the selvage, or area outside of the stamps, features artwork by Steven Noble that evokes the engraving process while incorporating several philatelic elements. The upper left corner shows the Smithsonian Institution’s National Postal Museum Building in Washington, DC. The lower left corner depicts aviation pioneer Reuben H. Fleet, based on a 1918 photograph now in the Library of Congress. Fleet was in charge of the first group of Air Mail pilots. The right side of the souvenir sheet shows a map of the northeastern United States that focuses on the route of the first regularly scheduled Air Mail service in May 1918. A compass rose, a common element on maps and nautical charts, appears in the lower right corner. A banner above the two rows of three Inverted Jenny stamps reads “STAMP COLLECTING.” Beneath it, upside down, is a similar banner reading “INVERTED JENNY.” Stamp artist Steve Nobel of Petaluma, CA, worked under the direction of Antonio Alcalá of Alexandria, VA, to create the stamp and souvenir sheet. National Postal Museum Although this is the first time the Inverted Jenny has been reissued, a small Inverted Jenny stamp appeared as a design element on one of four 1993 stamps to m


What great ape can only be found in Indonesia and Malaysia?

Primates-SG - Great Apes of the World Primate Watching Great Apes Of The World The great apes are more diverse – and more threatened – than many of us ever expected. We recognize 13 kinds of great ape: four subspecies of gorillas, four chimpanzees and the singular bonobo, all found in Africa, plus four kinds of orangutans known from tropical Asia. Altogether the gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobo occur in 21 African nations; of the orangutans, one species occurs in northernmost Sumatra, and the other (divided into three subspecies) survives on the island of Borneo. Along with all other primates, the great apes are included on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , a comprehensive survey of threats to our world’s biodiversity. The Red List provides conservation assessments for a tremendous array of threatened species – and it shows that the great apes are in near-universal decline. Only the mountain gorillas are not declining in number but are precariously stable at best, and so they are listed as Critically Endangered, along with the Cross River gorilla, the western lowland gorilla and the Sumatran orangutan. ¤ ¤ ¤


"Who wrote ""A Midsummer Night's Dream""?"

SparkNotes: A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Act I, scene ii A Midsummer Night’s Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream William Shakespeare Act II, scene i Summary In another part of Athens, far from Theseus’s palace, a group of common laborers meets at the house of Peter Quince to rehearse a play that the men hope to perform for the grand celebration preceding the wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta. Quince, a carpenter, tries to conduct the meeting, but the talkative weaver Nick Bottom continually interrupts him with advice and direction. Quince tells the group what play they are to perform: The Most Lamentable Comedy and Most Cruel Death of Pyramus and Thisbe, which tells the story of two lovers, separated by their parents’ feud, who speak to each other at night through a hole in a wall. In the play, a lion surprises Thisbe one night and tatters her mantle before she escapes. When Pyramus finds the shredded garment, he assumes that the lion has killed Thisbe; stricken with grief, he commits suicide. When Thisbe finds Pyramus’s bloody corpse, she too commits suicide. Quince assigns their parts: Bottom is to play Pyramus; Francis Flute, Thisbe; Robin Starveling, Thisbe’s mother; Tom Snout, Pyramus’s father; Quince himself, Thisbe’s father; and Snug, the lion. As Quince doles out the parts, Bottom often interrupts, announcing that he should be the one to play the assigned part. He says that his ability to speak in a woman’s voice would make him a wonderful Thisbe and that his ability to roar would make him a wonderful lion. Quince eventually convinces him that Pyramus is the part for him, by virtue of the fact that Pyramus is supposed to be very handsome. Snug worries that he will be unable to learn the lion’s part, but Quince reassures him that it will be very easy to learn, since the lion speaks no words and only growls and roars. This worries the craftsmen, who reason that if the lion frightens any of the noble ladies in the audience, they will all be executed; since they are only common laborers, they do not want to risk upsetting powerful people. Bottom says that he could roar as sweetly as a nightingale so as not to frighten anyone, but Quince again convinces him that he can only play Pyramus. The group disperses, agreeing to meet in the woods the following night to rehearse their play. Analysis The most important motif in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and one of the most important literary techniques Shakespeare uses throughout the play, is that of contrast. The three main groups of characters are all vastly different from one another, and the styles, moods, and structures of their respective subplots also differ. It is by incorporating these contrasting realms into a single story that Shakespeare creates the play’s dreamlike atmosphere. Almost diametrically opposite the beautiful, serious, and love-struck young nobles are the clumsy, ridiculous, and deeply confused craftsmen, around whom many of the play’s most comical scenes are centered. Where the young lovers are graceful and well spoken—almost comically well suited to their roles as melodramatically passionate youths—the craftsmen often fumble their words and could not be less well suited for acting. This disjunction reveals itself as it becomes readily apparent that the craftsmen have no idea how to put on a dramatic production: their speeches are full of impossible ideas and mistakes (Bottom, for example, claims that he will roar “as gently / as any sucking dove”); their concerns about their parts are absurd (Flute does not want to play Thisbe because he is growing a beard); and their extended discussion about whether they will be executed if the lion’s roaring frightens the ladies further evidences the fact that their primary concern is with themselves, not their art (II.i.67–68). The fact that the workmen have chosen to perform the Pyramus and Thisbe story, a Babylonian myth familiar to Shakespeare’s audiences from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, only heightens the comedy. The story of Pyramus and Thisbe is highly dramatic, with suicides and tragically wasted love (themes that Shakes


"What word starts with ""O"" and means footstool?"

Stool - definition of stool by The Free Dictionary Stool - definition of stool by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/stool n. 1. A backless and armless single seat supported on legs or a pedestal. 2. A low bench or support for the feet or knees in sitting or kneeling, as a footrest. 3. A toilet seat; a commode. 4. Evacuated fecal matter. a. A stump or rootstock that produces shoots or suckers. b. A shoot or growth from such a stump or rootstock. intr.v. stooled, stool·ing, stools 1. Botany To send up shoots or suckers. 2. To evacuate the bowels; defecate. 3. Slang To act as a stool pigeon. [Middle English, from Old English stōl; see stā- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] stool (stuːl) n 1. (Furniture) a backless seat or footrest consisting of a small flat piece of wood, etc, resting on three or four legs, a pedestal, etc 2. (Botany) a rootstock or base of a plant, usually a woody plant, from which shoots, etc, are produced 3. (Botany) a cluster of shoots growing from such a base 4. (Hunting) chiefly US a decoy used in hunting 5. (Physiology) waste matter evacuated from the bowels 6. (Furniture) a lavatory seat 7. (Anthropology & Ethnology) (in W Africa, esp Ghana) a chief's throne 8. fall between two stools a. to fail through vacillation between two alternatives b. to be in an unsatisfactory situation through not belonging to either of two categories or groups vb (intr) 9. (Botany) (of a plant) to send up shoots from the base of the stem, rootstock, etc 10. (Hunting) to lure wildfowl with a decoy [Old English stōl; related to Old Norse stōll, Gothic stōls, Old High German stuol chair, Greek stulos pillar] stool n. 1. a simple armless and usu. backless seat on legs or a pedestal. 2. a short, low support on which to step, kneel, or rest the feet while sitting. 3. a. a stump, base, or root of a plant that produces new stems or shoots. b. a shoot or cluster of shoots springing up from such a base. 4. the fecal matter evacuated at each movement of the bowels. 5. a privy or toilet seat. 6. an artificial duck or other bird used as a decoy. 7. the sill of a window. 8. a seat considered symbolic of authority. v.i. 9. to put forth shoots from the base or root, as a plant; form a stool. 10. Slang. to act as a stool pigeon. [before 900; Middle English; Old English stōl, c. Old Frisian, Old Saxon stōl, Old High German stuol, Old Norse stōll, Gothic stols chair] stool I will have been stooling you will have been stooling he/she/it will have been stooling we will have been stooling you will have been stooling they will have been stooling Past Perfect Continuous stool - a simple seat without a back or arms campstool - a folding stool cutty stool - a low stool; formerly in Scotland, a seat in a church where an offender was publicly rebuked footrest , footstool , tuffet , ottoman - a low seat or a stool to rest the feet of a seated person milking stool - low three-legged stool with a half round seat; used to sit on while milking a cow music stool , piano stool - a stool for piano players; usually adjustable in height seat - furniture that is designed for sitting on; "there were not enough seats for all the guests" step stool - a stool that has one or two steps that fold under the seat taboret , tabouret - a low stool in the shape of a drum 2. droppings , dung , muck - fecal matter of animals meconium - thick dark green mucoid material that is the first feces of a newborn child melaena , melena - abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding) 3. stool - (forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings forestry - the science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber stump , tree stump - the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled 4. bathroom , bath - a room (as in a residence) containing a bathtub or shower and usually a washbasin and toilet flushless toilet - a toilet that relies on bacteria to break down waste matter (instead of using water) flush toilet , lavatory - a t


"What language does the word ""futon"" come from originally?"

What English words come from Japanese? Next: What "false friends" are there between Japanese and English? What English words come from Japanese? This page lists some examples of English words which have origins in Japanese. In some cases, the English word has a different meaning, spelling, or pronunciation from the original Japanese. Adzuki From azuki (小豆) A kind of bean. In Japanese, the word is pronounced a-zu-ki without any "d" sound. The "d" in "adzuki" is a relic of a non-standard system of romanization where づ is romanized as "dzu". See What is the "kwa" in "kwaidan"? Anime Anime is a contracted form of animēshon ( アニメーション ) (from English "animation"). The word "anime" is now used in English to mean "Japanese animation". See also What are contracted words like rimokon? Bokeh From boke (ぼけ) A photographic term meaning deliberately out of focus. The "h" at the end of "bokeh" is used to indicate the pronunciation "boh-keh" rather than "boak". See also What does boke mean? Bonsai The art of growing miniature trees. Bukkake From bukkake (ぶっかけ) A sexual practice. In Japanese, this just means "splash on", without necessarily any sexual connotations. See What does bukkake mean? Edamame Soy beans. See also soy . Emoji The Japanese term means either a foldable mattress (shikibuton ( 敷き布団 ) or a duvet (kakebuton ( 掛け布団 ). The wooden framed sofa-bed called a "futon" in Western countries is not related to the Japanese futon, which contains no wood at all, and is usually laid on the floor on top of tatami. Ginkgo From ichō, ginnan (銀杏) A kind of tree and its nut. "Ginkgo" was given to this plant by German botanist Engelbert Kaempfer in the seventeenth century based on a Japanese source. "Ginkgo" may have been a mistaken transcription of an alternative pronunciation ginkyō of the kanji word 銀杏 with a g for the y. [1] Go A game played with black and white stones. Haiku From haiku (俳句) Although "haiku" has become a kind of poetry in English consisting of seventeen English syllables, the meaning in Japanese is a seventeen-syllable poem which contains a seasonal word or phrase, kigo ( 季語 ). The meaning of "syllables" is also different from English, since the seventeen "syllables" are moras ("beats") rather than true syllables. See What is the difference between a mora and a syllable? Hibachi A style of flower arranging. Ikebana literally means "living flowers". Kabuki A form of humorous drama. Kaizen A business practice. The Japanese word just means "improvement". Kanban From kanban (看板) A business practice. The Japanese word just means "sign", as in a road sign or advertising hoarding. Karaoke From karaoke (カラオケ) The word "karaoke" in Japanese means the backing track for a singer. It originates from kara ( 空 ), "empty" and oke ( オケ ), an abbreviation for "orchestra" (see What are contracted words like rimokon? ). It is usually written all in katakana. Kimono From kimono (着物) A "kimono" is usually made of silk and worn with an obi. The dressing gown called a kimono in the west is closer to the Japanese yukata ( 浴衣 In Japan, this is a tea made from kombu ( 昆布 ), a kind of seaweed. The English meaning has broadened to include other kinds of teas. Kudzu From kuzu (葛) The English word is used for the root of the plant. The Japanese word means the plant itself, a kind of climbing vine which grows as a weed. Like "adzuki", the "d" in kudzu is a relic of a former romanization system, see What is the "kwa" in "kwaidan"? Manga From manga (漫画) Manga just means "comics" or "cartoons" in Japan, but has come to mean "Japanese comics" in English. Mirin


What number is a 1 followed by 100 zeroes?

A googol is 1 followed by 100 zeros. Can there possibly be a googol of anything in the universe? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk SPECULATIVE SCIENCE A googol is 1 followed by 100 zeros. Can there possibly be a googol of anything in the universe? MATHEMATICS And The Imagination by Edward Kasner and James Newman (Bell & Sons, 1949) states that, although the total number of electrons in the universe (10 to the power of 79) is less than a googol, the total possible moves in a game of chess (10 to the power of 10 to the power of 50) is considerably larger than a googol. The book claims the name "googol" was invented by Kasner's nephew at the age of nine. He also named an even larger number, the googolplex which is one followed by a googol zeros. Bill Lythgoe, Wigan. PHYSICIST David Bohn, in Wholeness And The Implicate Order, suggests that there may be 10 89 universes existing simultaneously - or maybe more. So we may be in only one of a googol of universes. Christopher Lee , Shrawley, Worcester. IF WE take a conservative estimate based on quasar observations that the universe has a diameter of 13 billion light years and then we apply one of the smallest units of measure, the Angstrom, we come up with the fascinating result that the volume of the observable universe equals 2.4 million google cubic Angstroms. Andy Parkin, Leeds. IF WE assume that the universe is infinite, then there is most certainly a googol of everything. Robert D. Grant, Thorpe Edge, Bradford (R.D. Grant@leeds.ac.uk)


What arcade game involves an amphibian trying to cross a busy street?

HAWK signal advocated for midblock crossing on Main Street in Williamsville - The Buffalo News HAWK signal advocated for midblock crossing on Main Street in Williamsville EMAIL For one Village of Williamsville official, attempting a midblock crossing of Main Street has turned into a real-life, harrowing version of the classic 1980s arcade game “Frogger.” Like the game’s amphibious characters, pedestrians – who risk being ticketed for jaywalking – must navigate heavy traffic on a busy, five-lane thoroughfare to safely cross. “As pedestrian use of Main Street has become more vibrant over the past couple years, the issue of midblock crossing is becoming more and more prevalent and extremely dangerous, especially at night,” Trustee Daniel O. DeLano said Thursday. “No one should feel like they’re in a ‘Frogger’ game while trying to cross the street.” DeLano was joined by other village officials in a call for the state Department of Transportation to install in the 5500 block of Main a new type of traffic signal activated by pedestrians. Known as a HAWK signal, or high-intensity activated crosswalk beacon, the device is activated by a push button. It first flashes yellow to drivers, then displays steady yellow and finally steady red over a period of several seconds. The signals are common in the Southwest. There are none in Western New York, although Erie County has plans to install one on Sheridan Drive where the Tonawanda Rails-to-Trails project will cross Sheridan near Belmont Avenue, according to the state DOT. The village included plans for a HAWK signal in its “Picture Main Street” initiative aimed at calming traffic and making the busy street more pedestrian – and business-friendly. But the decision to install one rests with the state DOT because Main is a state thoroughfare. “This is not a highway; this is a street though a village,” said George R. Grasser, executive director of the nonprofit Partners for a Livable Western New York. “It acts like a highway because of the wide lanes and because there is no safe way for people to cross the street.” The state DOT conducted traffic counts in June, and the results are being compiled, said DOT spokeswoman Susan S. Surdej. “There is no conclusion at this point,” she said. “I expect in a week or so we would be ready to have a decision and a conclusion to the traffic study.” But village officials said they feared that because the traffic counts were conducted on a Tuesday and Wednesday, it would not include special events on Thursday nights and Saturdays, when foot and road traffic is increased. Surdej said the state DOT is aware of the special events. “I believe whatever we come up with will be accurate,” she said. The 5500 block of Main, in the village core, offers parking and access to Island Park to the south and Glen Park to the north. The nearest crosswalks are at Cayuga Road to the west and Mill Street to the east, but even those can be unsafe because pedestrians have to contend with traffic from four directions, DeLano said. Amherst police were stopping traffic Thursday afternoon in front of the Municipal Building so people could safely come and go from the annual Old Home Days festival in Island Park. Village officials said a HAWK signal would free up those officers during the four-day festival. “You should try it when there’s not police protection here,” said Trustee Basil J. Piazza. “It is truly a scary situation. We need protection 24 hours a day with a HAWK signal.” email: popiolkowski@buffnews.com


What type of pie is made with ground lamb and mashed potatoes?

Easy Shepherd’s Pie Recipe | SimplyRecipes.com Easy Shepherd’s Pie Recipe 1 1/2 to 2 pounds potatoes (about 3 large potatoes), peeled and quartered 8 Tablespoons (1 stick) butter 1 medium onion, chopped (about 1 1/2 cups) 1-2 cups vegetables—diced carrots, corn, peas 1 1/2 lbs ground round beef 1/2 cup beef broth Salt, pepper, other seasonings of choice Method 1 Boil the potatoes: Place the peeled and quartered potatoes in medium sized pot. Cover with at least an inch of cold water. Add a teaspoon of salt. Bring to a boil, reduce to a simmer, and cook until tender (about 20 minutes. 2 Sauté vegetables: While the potatoes are cooking, melt 4 tablespoons of the butter in a large sauté pan on medium heat. Add the chopped onions and cook until tender, about 6 to 10 minutes. If you are including vegetables, add them according to their cooking time. Carrots should be cooked with the onions, because they take as long to cook as the onions do. If you are including peas or corn, add them toward the end of the cooking of the onions, or after the meat starts to cook, as they take very little cooking time. 4 Add the ground beef, then worcestershire sauce and broth: Add ground beef to the pan with the onions and vegetables. Cook until no longer pink. Season with salt and pepper. Add the worcestershire sauce and beef broth. Bring the broth to a simmer and reduce heat to low. Cook uncovered for 10 minutes, adding more beef broth if necessary to keep the meat from drying out. 5 Mash the cooked potatoes: When the potatoes are done cooking (a fork can easily pierce), remove them from the pot and place them in a bowl with the remaining 4 Tbsp of butter. Mash with a fork or potato masher, and season with salt and pepper to taste. 6 Layer the meat mixture and mashed potatoes in a casserole dish: Preheat oven to 400°F. Spread the beef, onions, and vegetables (if using) in an even layer in a large baking dish (8x13 casserole). Spread the mashed potatoes over the top of the ground beef. Rough up the surface of the mashed potatoes with a fork so there are peaks that will get well browned. You can even use a fork to make creative designs in the mashed potatoes. 7 Bake in oven: Place in a 400°F oven and cook until browned and bubbling, about 30 minutes. If necessary, broil for the last few minutes to help the surface of the mashed potatoes brown. Suggested variations:


What species of deer is commonly found north of the Arctic Circle?

Arctic Animals List With Pictures, Facts & Information Learn more about Beluga Whales here: Beluga Whale Facts . Caribou / Reindeer Caribou / Reindeer Caribou are also known as reindeer in Europe. These animals have several cold-climate adaptations, including enlarged chambers in the nose to warm up the cold Arctic air and hooves that get smaller and harder in the winter to give better grip in the ice and snow. Some North American Caribou herds have the longest migrations of any land mammal. Find out more about caribou here: Caribou Facts . Dall Sheep Dall Sheep This sheep is found in Subarctic areas of North America. The Dall Sheep uses its nimble footedness to escape predators. Ermine / Stoat Ermine The Stoat, or Ermine, is a member of the weasel family. The name ‘ermine’ is sometimes only used to refer to the animal while in its white winter coat. Although small, stoats are capable hunters, and are capable of preying on animals larger than themselves such as rabbits. Stoats will even use their victim’s burrows to live in rather than digging their own. Greenland Shark Greenland sharks are mysterious giants of the Arctic region. This photo was taken by the USA’s NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Click on the image to learn more about this animal. Native to the North Atlantic Ocean around Canada and Greenland, Greenland sharks live further north than any other type of shark. Greenland sharks are rather slow swimmers and prefer to catch prey while it is sleeping. They also scavenge food left by other predators. Learn more about Greenland Sharks here: Greenland Shark Facts . Harp Seal Harp Seal The harp seal is born with a yellow coat that turns white after three days. As the animal gets older it becomes silvery-grey. Harp seals have a thick coat of blubber to keep them warm, and their flippers act as heat exchangers which cool them down in the summer and warm them up in the winter. Lemming Lemming: Click photo for information about this animal. Lemmings are small rodents with long, soft fur. They are herbivorous, and eat grasses, roots, and leaves. Lemmings remain active during the winters rather than hibernating. They stock up on grasses before the winter, and burrow under the snow to find food. You can learn more about lemmings here: Lemming Facts . Moose Moose Moose are the largest members of the deer family. These large-antlered animals are most commonly found in Alaska, Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. Moose are unique among deer in that they are solitary and don’t live in herds. Although usually slow moving, moose can become agile and aggressive when frightened or angered. Learn more about Moose here: Moose Facts . Musk Ox Musk Ox: Click image to learn more about this animal. During the mating season, the male Musk Ox produces a musky odour to attract females, which is how the animals get their name. Musk Oxen have thick fur coats to keep them warm. Both males and females have long, curved horns. You can find out more about the Musk Ox here: Musk Ox Facts . Narwhal Narwhal: click on the image to see our narwhal facts page. Narwhals are medium-sized whales with one highly distinguishing feature: a long tusk that projects from the front of their heads. The tusk is in fact an extended front tooth. Narwhals spend the whole year in the arctic waters surrounding Russia, Greenland, and Canada. You can read more narwhal facts here . Orca Orca: learn more about orcas by clicking the image. Also known as the killer whale, this toothed whale is a member of the dolphin family. Orcas have distinctive black backs and white chest and eye patches. Orcas prey on other marine creatures, often working in a group. Orcas are apex predators, having no natural predators themselves. Find out more orca facts here . Polar Bear Polar Bear: click the picture to visit our polar bear facts page. No arctic animals list would be complete without the polar bear. Polar bears are marine mammals. They are able to swim long distances in cold waters and are also fast movers on the land. Polar bears are the largest type of bear. Fin


What was the name of the nine Greek goddesses who personified literature, science, and the arts?

Muses, the Goddesses of Art and Science in Greek Mythology Mount Helicon, the Home of the Muses Home of the Muses was Mount Helicon in Central Greece, where the Muses had sanctuaries and a dancing area near the top. It was this mountain which inspired the legendary Greek poet Hesiod to sing the beginning of the gods. Furthermore, Mount Helicon was sacred to the Greek god Apollo , the Greek god of the music, the light and the sun and is also the source where Narcissus was inspired by his own beauty. Hwever, the most significant sanctuary of the Muses was in Pieria, close to Mount Olympus . For this reason, they were often called Pierides. Apollo and the Muses Apollo , the Greek god of the Sun, was the main teacher and leader of the Muses. For this reason, Apollo was often referred to as "Apollo Musagetes" (Apollo, leader of the Muses). Usually, the Muses were accompanying Apollo and the Graces on their strolls and loved singing and dancing on soft feet on laurel leaves, while Apollo was playing the lyre.


What type of person is also called a dick, shamus, or gumshoe?

Private dick - definition of Private dick by The Free Dictionary Private dick - definition of Private dick by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Private+dick Related to Private dick: private investigator , gumshoe private investigator n. Abbr. PI A person privately hired to do investigative or detective work. Also called private detective, private eye. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: inquiry agent - a private detective store detective - a private detective employed by a merchant to stop pilferage Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: References in periodicals archive ? Beckett is seen saying, "I'm just girl, looking for a private dick. OUT ON DVD Not half as irritating, though, as the front and back cover, which together show the private dick looking over a garden fence at a smug-looking man holding a little boy and an even smugger woman holding a little girl in a happy-family-style pose. Books: ROMANTIC COMEDY American cinemas have recently unspooled a matchless string of LGBT films and characters: Val Kilmer's no-nonsense private dick Gay Perry in Kiss Kiss Bang Bang; Gary Beach and Roger Bart's all-nonsense theater queens in The Producers; the AIDS-stricken, pansexual bohemians of Rent; popcorny genre fare like Eating Out and D.


What part of a human cell has its own DNA - separate from human DNA?

What Is DNA? (Part 2) What Is DNA? (Part 2 of 2) What Is DNA? (Part 2) by Richard Saferstein, Ph.D. By: Richard Saferstein, PhD.; Reprinted with permission from Dr. Saferstein. Website: http://www.forensicconsultant.com/rsaferstein/index.htm [This article is the second of two parts. Click for Part 1 .] Mitochondrial DNA Typically, when one describes DNA in the context of a criminal investigation, it's assumed that the subject of attention is the DNA found within the nucleus of a cell. Actually, a human cell contains two types of DNA - nuclear and mitochondrial. The first constitutes the 23 pair of chromosomes contained within the nuclei of our cells. Each parent contributes to the genetic makeup of these chromosomes. On the other hand, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is found outside the nucleus and is inherited solely from the mother. Mitochondria are cell structures found in all our cells. They are the power plants of our body, providing about 90% of the energy that our body needs to function. What's important from the forensic science perspective is that a single mitochondrion contains several loops of DNA all of which are involved in energy generation. Further, since each cell in our body contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria, this effectively means that there are hundreds to thousands of mtDNA copies in a human cell. This compares to just two copies of nuclear DNA located in that same cell. Thus, forensic scientists are offered enhanced sensitivity and the opportunity to characterize mtDNA in situations where nuclear DNA is significantly degraded, such as in charred remains, or may be present in small quantity (i.e., hair shaft). Interestingly, in situations where authorities cannot obtain a reference sample from an individual who may be long deceased or missing, a mtDNA reference sample can be obtained from any maternally related relative. However, all individuals of the same maternal lineage will be indistinguishable by mtDNA analysis. While mtDNA analysis is significantly more sensitive than nuclear DNA profiling, it must be noted that forensic analysis of mtDNA is more rigorous, time consuming, and costly when compared to nuclear DNA profiling. For this reason, at this time, only a handful of public and private forensic laboratories receive evidence for this type of determination. As was previously discussed, nuclear DNA is composed of a continuous linear strand of nucleotides (A,T,G,C's). On the other hand, mtDNA is constructed in a circular or loop configuration. Each loop contains a sufficient number (approximately 16,569) of A,T,G, and C's to comprise 37 genes involved in mitochondrial energy generation. Two regions of mtDNA have been found to be highly variable in the human population. These two regions have been designated Hypervariable Region I (HV1) and Hypervariable Region II (HV2). As indicated above, the process for analyzing HV1 and HV2 is tedious. It involves generating many copies of these DNA regions by PCR and then determing the order of the ATGC bases constituting the hypervariable regions. This process is known as sequencing. The FBI laboratory, the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, and other laboratories have collaborated to compile a mtDNA population database containing the base sequences from Hypervariable Regions l and ll. Once the sequences of the hypervariable regions from a case sample is obtained, most laboratories will simply report out the number of times these sequences appear in the mtDNA database. Currently, however, the mtDNA data base is too small to allow for reasonable estimates of the frequency of occurrence of mtDNA sequences in the population. However, even under the best of circumstances, mtDNA typing will not approach STR analysis in it's discrimination power. Thus, mtDNA analysis is best reserved for samples for which nuclear DNA typing is simply not possible. Hair DNA Typing The current approach for the examination of hair specimens still includes an examination of morphological characteristics. However, recent major breakthroughs in nuclear DNA (deoxyr


During what dance do you put your left foot in, your left foot out, and shake it all about?

Hokey Pokey - Nursery Rhyme With Full Lyrics - YouTube Hokey Pokey - Nursery Rhyme With Full Lyrics Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Dec 20, 2012 ***** Hokey Pokey Lyrics ***** You put your right foot in, You put your right foot out, You put your right foot in And you shake it all about. You do the Hokey Pokey And you turn yourself around, That's what it's all about. You put your left hand in, You put your left hand out, You put your left hand in, And you shake it all about. You do the Hokey Pokey And you turn yourself around, That's what it's all about. You put your right shoulder in, You put your right shoulder out, You put your right shoulder in, And you shake it all about. You do the Hokey Pokey And you turn yourself around, That's what it's all about. You put your right hip in, You put your right hip out, You put your right hip in And you shake it all about. You do the Hokey Pokey And you turn yourself around, That's what it's all about. You put your whole self in, You put your whole self out, You put your whole self in And you shake it all about. You do the Hokey Pokey And you turn yourself around, That's what it's all about. Click the following link to watch more similar nursery rhymes on Kidzteddy channel http://www.youtube.com/user/kidzteddy... JOIN US: * 'Like' Our Facebook Fan page at http://www.facebook.com/pages/KidzTed... * Follow Us on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/kidzteddy * Subscribe to Our Official Blog at http://www.kidzteddy.blogspot.com Category Hot Cross Bun - Nursery Rhyme With Full Lyrics - Duration: 2:13. kidzteddy 3,088,650 views 2:13 Head, Shoulders, Knees & Toes - Exercise Song For Kids - Duration: 2:11. ChuChu TV Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs 125,740,640 views 2:11 Hokey Pokey | nursery rhymes Farmees | children song | 3D rhymes - Duration: 45:02. Farmees - Kids 3D Nursery Rhymes TV And Baby Songs 879,924 views 45:02 Hokey Pokey - Kids Dance Song - Children's Songs by The Learning Station - Duration: 4:07. TheLearningStation - Kids Songs and Nursery Rhymes 6,127,683 views 4:07 Wheels On The Bus Go Round And Round - 3D Animation Kids' Songs | Nursery Rhymes for Children - Duration: 50:34. CVS 3D Rhymes 114,671,177 views 50:34 Ice Cream Song and More | Nursery Rhymes from Mother Goose Club! - Duration: 1:05:04. Mother Goose Club 245,009,756 views 1:05:04 Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes | Popular Nursery Rhymes Collection for Kids | ChuChu TV Rhymes Zone - Duration: 46:39. ChuChu TV Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs 144,308,735 views 46:39


What is usually the largest muscle in the human body?

What is the strongest muscle in the human body? (Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress)     What        is the strongest muscle in the human body?          There is no one answer for this question since there are different ways to measure strength. There is absolute strength (maximum force), dynamic strength (repeated motions), elastic strength (exert force quickly), and strength endurance (withstand fatigue). There are three       types of muscles in the human body: cardiac, smooth and skeletal. Cardiac muscle makes up the wall of the heart and is responsible        for the forceful contraction of the heart. Smooth muscles make        up the walls of the intestine, the uterus, blood vessels, and internal        muscles of the eye. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones        and in some areas the skin (muscles in our face). Contraction of        the skeletal muscles helps limbs and other body parts move. Most sources state that there are over 650 named skeletal muscles        in the human body, although some figures go up to as many as 840.        The dissension comes from those that count the muscles within a        complex muscle. For example the biceps brachii is a complex muscle        that has two heads and two different origins however, they insert        on the radial tuberosity. Do you count this as one muscle or two? Although most individuals have the same general set of muscles,        there is some variability from one person to another. Generally,        smooth muscles are not included with this total since most of these        muscles are at cellular level and number in the billions. In terms        of a cardiac muscle, we only have one of those- the heart. Muscles are given Latin names according to location, relative        size, shape, action, origin/insertion, and/or number of origins.        For example the flexor hallicis longus muscle is the long muscle        that bends the big toe: Flexor = A muscle that flexes a joint Hallicis = great toe Longus = Long The following are muscles that have been deemed the strongest        based on various definitions of strength (listed in alphabetical        order): External Muscles of the Eye The muscles of the eye are constantly moving to readjust the positions of the   eye. When the head is in motion, the external muscles are constantly adjusting   the position of the eye to maintain a steady fixation point. However, the   external muscles of the eye are subject to fatigue. In an hour of reading   a book the eyes make nearly 10,000 coordinated movements. Gluteus Maximus The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body. It is large and   powerful because it has the job of keeping the trunk of the body in an erect   posture. It is the chief antigravity muscle that aids in walking up stairs. Heart The hardest working muscle is the heart. It pumps out 2 ounces (71 grams) of   blood at every heartbeat. Daily the heart pumps at least 2,500 gallons (9,450   liters) of blood. The heart has the ability to beat over 3 billion times   in a person’s life. Masseter The strongest muscle based on its weight is the masseter. With all muscles   of the jaw working together it can close the teeth with a force as great   as 55 pounds (25 kilograms) on the incisors or 200 pounds (90.7 kilograms)   on the molars. Muscles of the Uterus The uterus sits in the lower pelvic region. Its muscles are deemed strong because   they contract to push a baby through the birth canal. The pituitary gland   secretes the hormone oxytocin, which stimulates the contractions. Soleus The muscle that can pull with the greatest force is the soleus. It is found   below the gastrocnemius (calf muscle). The soleus is very important for walking,   running, and dancing. It is considered a very powerful muscle along with   calf muscles because it pulls against the force of gravity to keep th


In calculus, what is the opposite of a derivative?

Integral calculus | Khan Academy Integral calculus See descriptions Want a personalized integral calculus experience? Missions recommend what to learn next, help you remember what you’ve learned by mixing skills, and save your progress. Fundamental theorem of calculus A brief introduction to integral calculus How do you find the area under a curve? What about the length of any curve? Is there a way to make sense out of the idea of adding infinitely many infinitely small things? Integral calculus gives us the tools to answer these questions and many more. Surprisingly, these questions are related to the derivative, and in some sense, the answer to each one is the opposite of the derivative.


Courtney Love & Frances Bean Cobain Reunite and Hug at Kurt Cobain Documentary Premiere at Sundance?See the Pics! | E! News Email Tommaso Boddi/Getty Images for HBO Courtney Love  and daughter Frances Bean Cobain , her only child with husband and late grunge rocker  Kurt Cobain , recently made their joint public appearance in years, at the premiere of a new documentary about the iconic Nirvana frontman. Love, 50, and Frances, 22, were photographed hugging at the recent carpet event, which was held at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah on Saturday. The documentary, Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck, is set to be debut on the premium cable channel and also be released to theaters abroad later this year. Frances serves as a visual artist and executive producer. At the premiere, she sported a purple and yellow Moschino cardigan, crop top and pencil skirt and dark makeup, while her mother sported a gray maxi coat and black gown and a more neutral look. "So proud of you Bean," Love said on her Instagram page on Sunday. Paul Marotta/Getty Images for Sundance Tommaso Boddi/Getty Images for HBO PHOTOS: 2015 Sundance Film Festival: Star sightings Love and Frances had squabbled periodically over the past few years and have since made up. In 2009, the Hole rocker and actress  lost custody of her daughter, then 17 , who went to live with her grandmother. Up until about five years ago, they were often spotted together at celebrity events and parties, such as at  Paris Hilton 's 26th birthday bash in 2007 (pictured). Marcel Thomas/FilmMagic In 2012, Love took to Twitter to accuse  Foo Fighters  rocker David Grohl, who was Nirvana's drummer, of  hitting on her daughter , then 19 years old. Grohl  denied the claims , as did Frances, who told E! News that while she's "generally silent on the affairs" of her "biological mother," Love's "tirade has taken a gross turn." She also said the social network  should "ban" her mother . Love  later apologized , tweeting, "Bean, sorry I believed the gossip. Mommy loves you." In 2014, Love and Grohl put aside their differences and  appeared on stage together  at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, which welcomed Nirvana into the prestigious fold. Despite their lack of joint public appearances, the singer and her daughter have exchanged heartwarming tweets over the past couple of years. @Courtney merry Christmas kooksmcgee. Kurt died at age 27 in his native Seattle on April 8, 1994. His death, which was ruled a suicide, was one of the most shocking in music history. Kevin Mazur/Getty Images The HBO documentary is the first authorized film about the singer and was made with the cooperation and help of his family, including Love. "So so sad yet so uplifting, beautiful and gorgeous," she tweeted  on Saturday, telling her daughter, "Your daddy would be so proud of you baby. thank u." "The film is a raw and visceral journey through Cobain's life and provides no-holds-barred access to Kurt Cobain's archives, home to his never-before-seen home movies, recordings, artwork, photography, journals, demos, personal archives, family archives and songbooks," HBO said in a statement. The channel has released one of the new photos of Kurt, as seen below. The End of Music, LLC / Courtesy of HBO NEWS: Frances Bean Cobain offers Robin Williams' daughter words of support "I started work on this project eight years ago," director Brett Morgen was quoted as saying. "Like most people, when I started, I figured there would be limited amounts of fresh material to unearth. However, once I stepped into Kurt's archive, I discovered over 200 hours of unreleased music and audio, a vast array of art projects (oil paintings, sculptures), countless hours of never-before-seen home movies, and over 4000 pages of writings that together help paint an intimate portrait of an artist who rarely revealed himself to the media." Morgan said Love had granted him permission to use the materials in the documentary. "She was hoping to make a film that revealed a deeper understanding of Kurt than had been depicted in the me