For achievement in what field is the Fields Medal awarded?

International Mathematical Union (IMU): Details About the photos The Fields Medal is awarded every four years on the occasion of the International Congress of Mathematicians to recognize outstanding mathematical achievement for existing work and for the promise of future achievement. The Fields Medal Committee is chosen by the Executive Committee of the International Mathematical Union and is normally chaired by the IMU President. It is asked to choose at least two, with a strong preference for four, Fields Medallists, and to have regard in its choice to representing a diversity of mathematical fields. A candidate's 40th birthday must not occur before January 1st of the year of the Congress at which the Fields Medals are awarded. The name of the Chair of the Committee is made public, but the names of other members of the Committee remain anonymous until the award of the prize at the Congress. If a former student (Ph.D. thesis only) of a Committee member is seriously considered, such a member shall not continue to serve on the Committee for its final decision. Detailed Information Physical Medals and Cash Values Nomination Nominations for this award have to be submitted to the Prize Committee Chair. IMU requests that the Nomination Guidelines are observed. History of the Fields Medal At the 1924 International Congress of Mathematicians in Toronto, a resolution was adopted that at each ICM, two gold medals should be awarded to recognize outstanding mathematical achievement. Professor J. C. Fields, a Canadian mathematician who was Secretary of the 1924 Congress, later donated funds establishing the medals, which were named in his honor. In 1966 it was agreed that, in light of the great expansion of mathematical research, up to four medals could be awarded at each Congress. The Fields Institute, Toronto, Canada, organizes the Fields Medal Symposium . The goals of the program for the Fields Medal Symposium are to present the work of a Fields Medalist and its impact, to explore the potential for future directions and areas of its influence, to provide inspiration to the next generations of mathematicians and scientists, as well as to present the Medalist to a broader public. The following text by Eberhard Knobloch describes the design of the medal.   The head represents Archimedes facing right. (1) In the field is the word in Greek capitals and (2) the artist's monogram and date RTM, MCNXXXIII. (3) The inscription reads: TRANSIRE SUUM PECTUS MUNDOQUE POTIRI. The inscriptions mean: (1) "of Archimedes", namely the face of Archimedes. (2) R(obert) T(ait) M(cKenzie), that is the name of the Canadian sculptor who designed the medal. The correct date would read: "MCMXXXIII" or 1933. The second letter M has to be substituted for the false N. (3) "To transcend one's spirit and to take hold of (to master) the world". Reverse: The inscription on the tablet reads: CONGREGATI


What was the country of birth of the Gilbert half of Gilbert and George?

Who Is Gilbert Prousch? (2012) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Who Is Gilbert Prousch? ( 2012 ) 20min Gilbert Prousch, one half of the world-famous artist duo Gilbert & George, has not been back to his home country in many years. Gilbert could not be more different from the people in his ... See full summary  » Director: Add Image Add an image Do you have any images for this title? Edit Storyline Gilbert Prousch, one half of the world-famous artist duo Gilbert & George, has not been back to his home country in many years. Gilbert could not be more different from the people in his native village in the Italian Alps from where he left at a young age. From the villagers interviewed in the film we get a sense of subdued disapproval and incomprehension of the artist's work and lifestyle on one hand, to total ignorance of the artist's fame and achievement. While some believe Gilbert to be the reason for the breakdown in the relationship between himself and his native village, others reveal stories that give an insight into the difficulties the nonconformist artist must have faced in his upbringing in this traditional environment. Written by Anonymous


Who, with his colleague Picasso, was credited with originating Cubism?

Cubism | Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art Works of Art (11) Essay Cubism was one of the most influential visual art styles of the early twentieth century. It was created by Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881–1973) and Georges Braque (French, 1882–1963) in Paris between 1907 and 1914. The French art critic Louis Vauxcelles coined the term Cubism after seeing the landscapes Braque had painted in 1908 at L’Estaque in emulation of Cézanne . Vauxcelles called the geometric forms in the highly abstracted works “cubes.” Other influences on early Cubism have been linked to Primitivism and non-Western sources. The stylization and distortion of Picasso’s ground-breaking Les Demoiselles d’Avignon ( Museum of Modern Art, New York ), painted in 1907, came from African art. Picasso had first seen African art when, in May or June 1907, he visited the ethnographic museum in the Palais du Trocadéro in Paris. The Cubist painters rejected the inherited concept that art should copy nature, or that they should adopt the traditional techniques of perspective, modeling, and foreshortening. They wanted instead to emphasize the two-dimensionality of the canvas. So they reduced and fractured objects into geometric forms, and then realigned these within a shallow, relieflike space. They also used multiple or contrasting vantage points. In Cubist work up to 1910, the subject of a picture was usually discernible. Although figures and objects were dissected or “analyzed” into a multitude of small facets, these were then reassembled, after a fashion, to evoke those same figures or objects. During “high” Analytic Cubism (1910–12), also called “hermetic,” Picasso and Braque so abstracted their works that they were reduced to just a series of overlapping planes and facets mostly in near-monochromatic browns, grays, or blacks. In their work from this period, Picasso and Braque frequently combined representational motifs with letters ( 1999.363.63 ; 1999.363.11 ). Their favorite motifs were still lifes with musical instruments, bottles, pitchers, glasses, newspapers, playing cards ( 1997.149.12 ), and the human face and figure. Landscapes were rare. During the winter of 1912–13, Picasso executed a great number of papiers collés ( 1999.363.64 ). With this new technique of pasting colored or printed pieces of paper in their compositions, Picasso and Braque swept away the last vestiges of three-dimensional space (illusionism) that still remained in their “high” Analytic work. Whereas, in Analytic Cubism, the small facets of a dissected or “analyzed” object are reassembled to evoke that same object, in the shallow space of Synthetic Cubism—initiated by the papiers collés–large pieces of neutral or colored paper themselves allude to a particular object, either because they are often cut out in the desired shape or else sometimes bear a graphic element that clarifies the association. While Picasso and Braque are credited with creating this new visual language, it was adopted and further developed by many painters, including Fernand Léger ( 1999.363.35 ), Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Juan Gris ( 1996.403.14 ), Roger de la Fresnaye ( 1991.397 ), Marcel Duchamp , Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger ( 59.86 ), and even Diego Rivera ( 49.70.51 ). Though primarily associated with painting, Cubism also exerted a profound influence on twentieth-century sculpture and architecture. The major Cubist sculptors were Alexander Archipenko, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, and Jacques Lipchitz. The liberating formal concepts initiated by Cubism also had far-reaching consequences for Dada and Surrealism , as well as for all artists pursuing abstraction in Germany, Holland, Italy, England, America, and Russia. Sabine Rewald Department of Modern and Contemporary Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art October 2004 Citation Rewald, Sabine. “Cubism.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm (October 2004) Further Reading Cooper, Douglas, and


Which mammal is alternatively known as the glutton?

About                                  Wolverine or Glutton The Wolverine is known for his big appetite. They have strong legs that allow them to chase reindeer across the snow. They live in northern forests and tundra. In the winter, the wolverine feeds on deer and other meat. In the summer, they mostly feed on fruit and dead remains, sometimes traveling up to 25 miles (40km) a day in search of food.   What is this animal's name? Wolverine or Glutton What class is this animal assigned to? mammals What does this animal eat? Meat and berries Where did this animal live? Scandinavia, Siberia, North America


What is the one-word alternative name for the spiny anteater?

What does spiny anteater mean? This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word spiny anteater Princeton's WordNet(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: echidna, spiny anteater, anteater(noun) a burrowing monotreme mammal covered with spines and having a long snout and claws for hunting ants and termites; native to New Guinea echidna, spiny anteater, anteater(noun) a burrowing monotreme mammal covered with spines and having a long snout and claws for hunting ants and termites; native to Australia Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: spiny anteater(Noun) A common name for echidna. Numerology The numerical value of spiny anteater in Chaldean Numerology is: 9 Pythagorean Numerology


Which Renaissance artist fled Rome after a fatal brawl, possibly over a game of tennis?

Caravaggio - Painter - Biography.com Caravaggio Caravaggio, or Michelangelo Merisi, was an Italian painter who is considered one of the fathers of modern painting. IN THESE GROUPS Famous People Born in Italy Synopsis Caravaggio was born as Michelangelo Merisi in Italy around 1571. He was orphaned at age 11 and apprenticed with a painter in Milan. He moved to Rome, where his work became popular for the tenebrism technique he used, which used shadow to emphasize lighter areas. His career, however, was short-lived. Caravaggio killed a man during a brawl and fled Rome. He died not long after, on July 18, 1610. Early Years Caravaggio, whose fiery masterpieces included "The Death of the Virgin" and "David with the Head of Goliath," and who inspired generations of artists, was born as Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio in 1571 in Italy. The world he arrived in was violent and, at times, unstable. His birth came just a week before the Battle of Lepanto, a bloody conflict in which Turkish invaders were driven out of Christendom. Not much is known about Caravaggio's early family life. His father, Fermo Merisi, was the steward and architect of the marquis of Caravaggio. When Caravaggio was six, the bubonic plague rolled through his life, killing almost everyone in his family, including his father. According to writer Andrew Graham-Dixon, author of the 2011 biography "Caravaggio: A Life Sacred and Profane," the artist's troubled adult years stemmed directly from that traumatic loss of his family. "He almost seems bound to transgress," Dixon writes. "It's almost like he cannot avoid transgressing. As soon as he's welcomed by authority, welcomed by the pope, welcomed by the Knights of Malta, he has to do something to screw it up. It's almost like a fatal flaw." Orphaned, Caravaggio took to the streets and fell in with a group of "painters and swordsmen who lived by the motto nec spe, nec metu, 'without hope, without fear,'" wrote an earlier biographer. At the age of 11, Caravaggio relocated to Milan and began apprenticing with the painter Simone Peterzano. In his late teens, perhaps as early as 1588, a penniless Caravaggio moved to Rome. There, to keep himself fed, Caravaggio found work assisting other painters, many of them far less talented than he. But as instability defined his existence, Caravaggio jumped from one job to the next. Sometime around 1595, Caravaggio struck out on his own and started selling his paintings through a dealer. His work soon caught the attention of Cardinal Francesco del Monte, who adored Caravaggio's paintings and quickly set him up in his own house, with room, board and a pension. A prolific painter, Caravaggio was known to work quickly, often starting and completing a painting in just two weeks. By the time he had come under the influence of del Monte, Caravaggio already had 40 works to his name. The lineup included "Boy with a Basket of Fruit," "The Young Bacchus" and "The Music Party." Much of Caravaggio's early work featured chubby, pretty young boys done up as angels or lutenists or his favorite saint, John the Baptist. Many of the boys in the paintings are naked or loosely clothed. Caravaggio's only known assistant was a boy named Cecco, who appears in a number of Caravaggio's works and who may have also been his lover. Widening Appeal In 1597, Caravaggio was awarded the commission for the decoration of the Contarelli Chapel in the Church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome. It was an important and daunting assignment, charging the 26-year-old painter with the task of creating three large paintings depicting separate scenes from St. Matthew's life. The three resulting works, "St. Matthew and the Angel," "The Calling of St. Matthew," and "The Martyrdom of St. Matthew," were finished in 1601, and together showed Caravaggio's remarkable range as an artist. But these works also provoked much consternation from the church and public alike. In his execution of the work, Caravaggio eschewed the traditional worshipful depictions of the saints and presented St. Matthew in a far more realistic light. His first


As what is the barely navigable sea route from Baffin Bay to the Beaufort Sea known?

Arctic sea ice plummeting toward 3rd or 4th-lowest extent on record Arctic sea ice plummeting toward 3rd or 4th-lowest extent on record 895 Share What's This? Sea ice is leading to more areas of open ocean throughout the Arctic, from the Chukchi Sea to the Arctic Ocean. Image: David Cheskin/PA Wire /Associated Press By Andrew Freedman 2015-09-04 15:59:48 UTC Arctic sea ice extent is nearing its seasonal minimum, and based on recent trends it is likely to rank as the 3rd or 4th-lowest extent on record since satellite records began in 1979, the National Snow and Ice Date Center (NSIDC) said Wednesday. There is also a chance that the 2015 minimum sea ice extent — which measures the area covered by at least 15% of sea ice — will end up even lower, at the second or third-lowest ice extent on record, assuming recent, more rapid ice loss rates continue. The four lowest sea ice minimums have all occurred since 2007, including the record lowest year of 2012, the NSIDC reported on its website . Arctic sea ice extent of 2015 so far, compared to previous years and the long-term average. Image: NSIDC While the NSIDC's data only goes back to 1979, other records extend scientists' understanding of sea ice trends all the way back to the 1800s and beyond. The longer-term data shows that the sea ice loss seen in recent decades is likely unprecedented in modern times, and possibly since at least the last interglacial period about 130,000 years ago. Scientific studies have shown that the rapid loss of the planet's northern refrigerator is largely the result of manmade global warming plus, to a lesser extent, influences from natural climate variability. Arctic sea ice loss is one of the most visible signs of rapid Arctic climate change, a phenomenon that President Obama put in the spotlight during his trip to Alaska this week . With sea ice melting earlier in the year, iconic marine mammals like polar bears and walruses are having a harder time finding food, while Arctic communities are becoming more vulnerable to erosion due to storms that pound the shoreline with high waves. Ice used to serve as protection against such storm surges, but without the ice cover, villages and towns like Barrow and Kotzebue, Alaska, are far more vulnerable to erosion and coastal flooding. Air Force One, carrying President Barack Obama, flies over the island village of Kivalina, an Alaska Native community of 400 people already receding into the ocean as a result of melting sea ice, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2015. The small village of Kivalina, Alaska, which Obama flew over in Air Force One on Wednesday, will have to be moved, at a cost of up to $100 million, due to severe erosion. In addition, sea ice melt is altering the way of life for native inhabitants of the Arctic, such as the Inuit, who have depended on ice-based hunting for food and are facing the prospect of food insecurity. According to the NSIDC, average sea ice extent at the end of August was 2.16 million square miles, which was the 4th-lowest August extent in the satellite record. This was 621,000 square miles below the 1981 to 2010 average for the month. During August, the Arctic lost an average of 29,000 square miles of sea ice per day, compared to the long-term average of 22,100 square miles. Sea ice extent at the end of August was below average in every part of the Arctic, except for Baffin Bay and Hudson Bay, where some ice persisted. Nearly the entire Beaufort Sea, which is typically partially ice-covered at the end of the summer, was free of ice at the end of August. Arctic weather patterns during the next few weeks will help determine how low sea ice will go, since winds play a major role in pushing sea ice around, and helping to break up thin sea ice cover and export ice from the Arctic Ocean out into the Atlantic through the funnel of Fram Strait, between Canada and Greenland. Both Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Route stayed open One of the major consequences of losing the planet's northern refrigerator, is that long-sought shipping routes are now becoming viable for tourism and marine tran


Under what stage name did rock’n’roller Richard Penniman perform?

Little Richard (Singer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Little Richard Male Born Dec 5, 1932 Richard Wayne Penniman, known by the stage name Little Richard, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, recording artist, and actor, considered key in the transition from rhythm and blues to rock and roll in the mid-1950s. He was also the first artist to put the funk in the rock and roll beat and contributed significantly to the early development of soul music.…  Read More related links Musician Seeks Out Bigots In Documentary 'accidental Courtesy' LATimes - 10 days ago ' Though the subject of âAccidental Courtesy: Daryl Davis, Race & Americaâ is a musician who has played with Chuck Berry and Little Richard, itâs not Daryl Davisâ musical talent that makes him the focus of the documentary. Instead, itâs his ongoing mission as an African American man to meet members... ' Little Richard Fast Facts CNN - Nov 24, 2016 'Read CNN\'s Fast Facts on Little Richard and learn more about the life of self-proclaimed \"Architect of Rock \'n\' Roll.\" \n  \n ' Little Richard Five Lp Box Set Highlights One Of Rock's Original Wild Men LATimes - Jul 28, 2016 ' The story of Little Richardâs rise to stardom in the 1950s is a textbook example of the vital David-and-Goliath role that independent record labels played in the birth of rock ânâ roll in a world dominated by bigger players.Â   Thatâs one of the highlights of the just-released âTheÂ Mono Box: Complete... ' The Political Bob Dylan Huffington Post - May 25, 2016 '  \n \nFolksinger Joan Baez sang Bob Dylan\'s \"The Times They Are A-Changing\" at a Bernie Sanders rally in San Jose last week. Nobody knows what Dylan thinks of the current political scene because he turned his back on politics many years ago. But it doesn\'t matter what Dylan -- who turned 75 this week -- thinks because his music has a life of its own. It resonates with today\'s young activists just as it inspired their counterparts in the 1960s. \n \nWhen the makers of Hollywood movies... Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Little Richard. CHILDHOOD 1932 Birth Little Richard was born Richard Wayne Penniman on December 5, 1932, in Macon, Georgia. … Read More He was the third eldest of the 12 children of Leva Mae (nÃ©e Stewart) and Charles "Bud" Penniman. His father was a church deacon who sold bootlegged moonshine on the side and owned a nightclub, the Tip In Inn. His mother was a member of Macon's New Hope Baptist Church. Initially, Little Richard's first name was supposed to have been "Ricardo" but an error resulted in "Richard" instead. The Penniman children were raised in a neighborhood of Macon called Pleasant Hill. In childhood, he was nicknamed "Lil' Richard" by his family, because of his small and skinny frame. A mischievous child who played pranks on neighbors, Little Richard began singing in church at a young age. Possibly as a result of complications at birth, Little Richard had a slight deformity that left one of his legs shorter than the other. This produced an unusual gait; he was mocked for its allegedly effeminate appearance. Read Less TEENAGE 1947 - 1948 2 More Events 1947 14 Years Old On October 27, 1947, Sister Rosetta Tharpe heard 14-year-old Little Richard singing two of her gospel recordings before her concert at Macon City Auditorium. … Read More Tharpe was so impressed that she invited him to sing onstage during the concert. Clint Brantley recalled that Little Richard approached him before the show, announcing that Tharpe was allowing him to open the show. Brantley, as the promoter, told him he could not. However, when the curtain lifted, Little Richard began to sing and surprised Brantley with his vocal ability. The crowd cheered, and Tharpe paid him for his performance. Little Richard was hooked on performing for a living after that. He began singing with traveling shows that came through town and was losing interest in school. He would sing to draw people to the local town prophet and spiritualist, Doctor Nubilio, wh


Which fleet was famously defeated and scattered at the Battle of Gravelines?

Why did the Spanish Armada fail? | SGS Student Blog Why did the Spanish Armada fail? Posted on by sgslgriffiths It’s not every day that an essay like this lands on a teacher’s desk!  Dr Jones was blown away when a Year 8 student, Matthew Murray, produced this stunning essay about the Spanish Armada for a homework assignment.  Complete with additional research and a bibliography, his argument would not be out of place in an A Level assessment.  If you want to know why the Spanish Armada failed, read on.  Well done Matthew on a stunning piece of work! In the summer of 1588, Catholic Philip II of Spain sent his Armada to remove Elizabeth I from the English throne.  Philip, who had been the husband of ‘Bloody Mary,’ had many reasons for doing this, most of them religious ones:  revenge for the execution of the Roman Catholic, Mary Queen of Scots in 1587; to restore the Pope as Head of the Church of England and to depose the ‘heretic’ Elizabeth as all assassination attempts had failed. But an important non-religious reason was the ‘piracy’ of the English ‘sea dogs’ particularly Sir Francis Drake.   He relentlessly attacked Spanish ports and Spanish galleons, stealing their treasure. The final straw was in 1587, when Sir Francis Drake is said to have ‘Singed the King of Spain’s beard’. Four English vessels entered the harbour of Cadiz and fired on the Spanish fleet, sinking thirty ships and damaging many more. Philip was so angry that he decided to  attack England once and for all. The attack was a spectacular failure and his decision proved to be expensive and disastrous.  So, why did the Spanish Armada fail?  In this essay, I will explore four reasons for its failure. But in order to answer this question, we must first take a look at the events leading up to and during the battle of the seas. Under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, the Armada set sail on May 20th 1588 but immediately ran into bad weather. The ships had to return to port for repair and re-supply. They eventually left Corunna Harbour on the 12th July and it wasn’t until the 19th July that it passed Plymouth. The plan was for the Armada to sail up the Atlantic coast of Europe and then to Spanish-controlled Netherlands where 30,000 soldiers waited to board under the leadership of the Duke of Parma.  But bad weather kept the Spanish fleet adrift for a few weeks giving England a warning of their imminent arrival.   From 20th to 27th July, the English fleet attacked the Armada as it sailed up the English Channel but without much success.  On 27th July, the Armada anchored in open seas off Calais, waiting to take on board the extra troops from the Duke of Parma.  But the English sent in fire ships, so the Armada cut their anchors to escape. On 29 July, the English attacked the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Gravelines. The Spanish fleet fled north, chased by the English fleet. It had to return home by sailing round the north of Scotland and the west coast of Ireland, where many ships were sunk by storms. Only 67 ships out of 130 returned to Spain with the loss of over 20,000 Spanish sailors and soldiers. England, by comparison, lost no ships and suffered minimal casualties. One reason for the failure of the Armada was leadership. Firstly, the leadership of the two monarchs and secondly, the naval leadership. The great Spanish admiral Santa Cruz estimated that to have any chance of success, between 50,000 and 90,000 thousand troops and 200 ships would be needed. But Philip showed poor leadership and stripped down the size and effort, until he virtually guaranteed its disaster. Elizabeth, on the other hand, was determined to lead her own troops in person and was a formidable leader at this time. For example, on the 9th August, she delivered her famous speech at Tilbury aimed at rallying her troops in case of an attack by Parma. In this speech, she reminded her troops that she was the daughter of the warrior king, Henry VIII, “I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king!” The second leadership problem was naval


In which British city did gangs in the 1980s fight a turf war dubbed the “Ice Cream Wars”?

Britain's most infamous gangs: The 'families' that ruled the UK's underworld | Daily Star Latest News Britain's most infamous gangs: The 'families' that ruled the UK's underworld FROM the Krays in 1960s London to mobsters who impose iron grips on inner cities today, gangs have always played a bloody role in underworld culture. GUNNED DOWN: Letisha Shakespeare and Cheryl Shaw were caught in deadly crossfire [NEWSTEAM INTERNATIONAL] Here NADINE LINGE looks at some of Britain’s most infamous criminal ‘families’. BURGER BAR BOYS Where? Birmingham Who are they? Hardly anyone had heard of the Burger Bar Boys until the murders of innocent teenagers Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis in 2003. Twins Charlene and Sophia Ellis, 18, and their cousins Letisha Shakespeare and Cheryl Shaw, both 17, were caught in crossfire as they left a New Year’s Day party at the Uni7 hairdressing salon in Aston. As they stood outside, the killers, members of the Burger Bar Boys, drove by and fired a sub-machine gun, hitting both girls several times. Charlene and only child Letisha were killed, the blameless victims of a bitter gangland feud. Until then, the bloody turf war for the city drugs trade between the Burger Bar Boys and Johnson Crew had been relatively unknown to all but those most affected by them. NEW YEAR'S DAY: The girls were shot leaving a New Year's Day party [NEWSTEAM INTERNATIONAL] “Faced with poverty in inner-city Birmingham and the threat of the far right, young people banded together in groups which soon turned to petty crime and robbery” The gangs formed after the Handsworth riots in 1985. Two people died, more than 35 were injured and shops were looted during the unrest, blamed on racial tension, police arrests and rising unemployment. Faced with poverty in inner-city Birmingham and the threat of the far right, young people banded together in groups which soon turned to petty crime and robbery. By the late 1980s, the Johnson Crew, named after their Johnsons Café hang-out, controlled the drugs market and nightclub security across a huge swathe of the city. At some point there was a fall-out between members, the cause attributed at various times to jealousy over a woman, a botched drugs deal and even a row over who won a computer game. It led to the creation of the Burger Bar Boys, which took its name from a Soho Road fast-food joint. LINE UP: Marcus Ellis, 24, Michael Gregory, 23, Nathan Martin, 26, Rodrigo Simms, 20, were all found guilty [PA] PEACEMAKERS: Dylan Duffus, Simeon Moore and Matthias Thompson who have collectively, helped to form social enterprise One Mile Away [DAVID SILLTOE] The Johnson Crew were based in Aston and the Burger Bar Boys operated in neighbouring Handsworth. The two postcodes where the gangs ruled the roost, B6 and B21, were only a mile apart. As their power grew, so did their rivalry, and by 2000 there were regular shootings over drugs. Ashi Walker, a senior member of the Johnson Crew, was shot dead. Then another highly-placed member, Christopher Clarke, was stabbed to death. The case against the main suspect, Yohanne Martin, 24, a Burger Bar Boy, was dropped because witnesses were too scared to give evidence. The Johnsons went after Martin and in August 2002, he was shot six times as he sat in a car in West Bromwich, dying instantly. Martin’s brother, Nathan, was among the gang behind the reprisal shootings at the Uni7 salon. While the killings of Letisha and Charlene shocked the nation, they marked a watershed in how police tackled gangs. In the 2005 trial of the four men accused of murder, anonymous witnesses were allowed to give evidence for the first time. Charlene’s half-brother Marcus Ellis, 24, Michael Gregory, 22, Nathan Martin, 26 and Rodrigo Simms, 20, were jailed for life at Leicester Crown Court. But things have improved in recent years. In 2010, Matthias “Shabba” Thompson, 33, affiliated to the Johnsons, decided to make a change. In September 2010, he contacted a film-maker called Penny Woolcock, who he had met five years earlier when she was researching a hip-hop musical called 1 D


Which month traditionally sees the start of the Isle of Man TT races?

Isle of Man TT Official Website Official Partners Of The Isle Of Man TT Races: Fuelled By Monster Energy Isle of Man TT 2017 27 May - 09 June 2017


Limestone is essentially made up of which chemical compound?

Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate Three types of calcium carbonate-containing rock are excavated and used by industry.  They are limestone, chalk and dolomite.  Limestone and chalk are both forms of calcium carbonate and dolomite is a mixture of calcium and magnesium carbonates.  All have impurities such as clay but some rocks are over 97% pure.  Limestone and other products derived from it are used extensively in the construction industry and to neutralise acidic compounds in a variety of contexts.   In the chemical industry, large quantities of limestone are heated to ca 1500 K to form calcium oxide, known as quicklime: Water can be added to lime to form calcium hydroxide.  The process is known as 'slaking'.  Solid calcium hydroxide is known as slaked lime or hydrated lime, and solutions and suspensions in water as milk of lime. The term lime is often used to cover quicklime, slaked lime (hydrated lime) and milk of lime. For a particular use, an appropriate choice is made from the four: limestone, quicklime, slaked lime or milk of lime.  In many uses, lime reacts more quickly than limestone but is more expensive, because a high temperature is required to produce it from limestone. Uses of limestone and lime Figure 1  Principal uses of limestone and lime.   The principal uses, by far, of limestone and lime are in the construction industry and cement making.  They are also used in the chemical and metallurgical industries and in agriculture. On a worldwide basis, the proportions of lime used in different industries are: 60% metallurgy (mainly steel manufacture , slag formation and its use in the blast furnace ) 25% construction (for example, it is used with asphalt in road paving, to stabilize soils and in making mortar and plaster) 15% for chemical and industrial uses (for example to make bleaches used in the manufacture of paper, to make precipitated calcium carbonate, a fine powder used in coatings for paper and paints, and in refining sugar to remove colloidal impurities) and for environmental uses (for example, with soda ash by both municipal authorities and industry, to soften water (remove calcium and magnesium ions), in the treatment of sewage to remove colloidal particles and in flue gas desulfurization ) However, these proportions vary widely from country to country.  For example, in the US, the proportions are: 38% metallurgy (mainly steel manufacture) 31% environmental uses (for example, with soda ash, by both municiipal authorities and industry to soften water (remove calcium and magnesium ions), in the treatment of sewage, to remove colloidal particles and in flue gas desulfurization 22% chemical and industrial uses (for example to make bleaches used in the manufacture of paper, to make precipitated calcium carbonate, a fine powder used in coatings for paper and paints and in refining sugar to remove colloidal impurities) 8% construction uses (for example, it is used with asphalt in road paving, to stabilize soils and in making mortar and plaster) 1% others Data from the US Geological Survey, 2012 The uses are described below, in more detail, in terms of different industries. In the construction industry Limestone has been used as a building material since the Stone Age.  Indeed, the largest use of limestone and the various forms of lime is still in the construction industry, particularly in road building and building projects, from vast in size, bridges and skyscrapers, to houses.  Large lumps of calcium carbonate are often used where sizeable quantities of aggregate are needed, for example for the foundations of roads. Lime is often used to make soil firmer.  It reacts with clay minerals in the soil to form cement-like compounds (for example calcium silicate and calcium aluminate (calcium aluminosilicate)), Figure 2. Figure 2(a)  Clay particles are surrounded by water, allowing them to be aligned and able to slide easily.  This results in a clay soil with a low strength. Figure 32b)  When lime is added, the amount of water around the clay particles is reduced.  The clay particles are n


In which Irish county is the extensive area of limestone pavement known as The Burren?

Visit Ireland - About Ireland: County Guide Interactive Map West The West stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the banks of the River Shannon, embracing Counties Galway, Mayo, and Roscommon. It is a rugged terrain of rock and stone, inlets and coves along the coastline, and many golden beaches. There are mountain ranges and woodlands of rowan, beech, sycamore, and wild rhododendrons. The Lough's (lakes) Corrib, Mask, and Conn divide the counties. Throughout the region there are prehistoric sties, monasteries, fortifications, and castles. Each county offers a variety of attractions, accommodations, sport activities, and a variety of entertainment and festivals, especially in the summer. COUNTY GALWAY County Galway, The City of Tribes, (in Irish Gaillimh). In ancient times there were fourteen families who controlled Galway. They were known as the Tribes of Galway. Galway is situated on the River Corrib. It was a thriving Anglo-Norman city because of the trade with Europe, especially France and Spain. The Spanish influence dominated the tribes, which was evident in the architecture, as with the Spanish Arch built in 1584. Today Galway City is a growing and thriving university city, complemented by a high technology industry. The city offers the arts in theatre, museums, churches, and there is music everywhere from buskers in the streets to music in the pubs. A short five-minute drive from the city is the Galway Irish Crystal Heritage Centre. In the Hall of Tribes you learn of the merchants, seafarers, and artists who made up the original 14 tribes. You will learn about Claddagh Village and the famous claddagh ring, you also learn the story of the glass craft, showing the craftspeople at work. There is a showroom and restaurant available. The western part of Galway is a 'An Ghaeltacht', the Gaeltacht areas, meaning the first language is Irish. The people speak, work, and think in a language that has unbroken links with pre-conquest Gaelic Ireland and further back in time. You will miss so much if you just pass through these areas. Take the coast road through Bearna to Carna, through An Spideal (Spiddal), An Cheathru Rua (Carraroe) and Sraith Salach (Recess). There are hidden islands linked by bridges and causeways, Leitir Moir (Lettermore), Leitir Meallain (Lettermullen) and Garumna (Gorumna). West of Galway City lies the wild and beautiful Connemara (in Irish Croi an chultuir) area, bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean and Lough Corrib on the east. Many of the ancient Irish traditions and customs are preserved and savored with the Gaelic-speaking people. The most dominant feature of Connemara is the cluster of the Twelve Bens Mountain Range, also called the Twelve Pins Mountain Range with Benbaun, Bencullagh, Benbrack and Muckanaght. The mountain range offers spectacular high-level walking, overlooking hundreds of small lakes, wild bogs, and a rugged coastline. Gorgeous scenery is available at Connemara National Park, covering 2000 hectares of mountains, bogs and heaths, and grasslands. Glanmore (large glen) forms the centre of the park and 10,000 years are displayed at the visitor center, with 3D models and displays. Much of the present park lands formed part of the Kylemore Abbey Estate and the Letterfrack Industrial School. Many remains of human presence can be seen in the park. The oldest are megalithic court tombs, some 4000 years old. Ruined houses and old walls are remains of a population of times past. Kylemore Abbey, built in 1868, is home to the Irish Benedictine Nuns and a secondary school. Some activities available in Connemara are regattas at coastal villages with the Hookers and Curraghs, and other water sports. Galway's traditional fishing vessel is known as The Hooker. The Curragh is a long, narrow canoe like boat, sometimes made of oiled animal skins, over a wooden frame. Throughout the county of Galway there is deep sea fishing, coarse and pike fishing, cruising, other water sports, horse racing, horse riding, golfing on championship courses and less challenging courses, motor sports, greyhound racing


Which is the only club in the League of Ireland from outside the Republic of Ireland?

League of Ireland : History : Irish Freestate : Split from IFA : FAI Merger 3 History of the League of Ireland For more than a decade        the League of Ireland was dominated by the big three Dublin clubs,        Bohemians, Shamrock Rovers , and        Shelbourne. It wasn't until 1933, when Dundalk        FC triumphed, that a team outside the capital won the league.        In the 1930's and 1940's Sligo Rovers and Cork United also claimed the League of Ireland title. Because        Ireland remained neutral during World War II the League of Ireland        was not suspended as it was elsewhere. During the war years Cork        United dominated the league by winning the title five seasons out        of six during the 1940's. Waterford had its' glory period when the        Munster outfit won the League of Ireland title six seasons out of        eight in the 1960's and 1970's. The next team to dominate for a        sustained period was Shamrock Rovers. Following the failed John        Giles / Rovers project Jim McLaughlin took charge of the Glenmalure        Park outfit and captured four League of Ireland titles in a        row from 1984 to 1987. Shelbourne is the last team to achieve similar        levels of dominance when the club won the league title on five occasions        in a seven year period from 1999 to 2006. In 1985 the League        of Ireland was split into two divisions, the Premier        League and the First Division ,        consisting of 22 teams in total Summer Soccer for the League of        Ireland Over the years the        League and its' clubs have tried a number of innovations and restructurings        to try to reinvigorate the country's premier soccer competition        and to attract greater attendances. In 2003 summer soccer was introduced        to the League of Ireland. This involves playing league games from        March to November. It was hoped that playing soccer in better climatic        conditions would attract new fans who would not have the distraction        of English Premier League football. It was also hoped that it would        help give the League of Ireland clubs a competitive advantage in        European competitions. The latter objective has been achieved to        the extent that the League's UEFA ranking, as determined on the        basis of the sum of the UEFA country coefficients, has risen from        40 (in 2005) to 29 (at the time of writing in 2010). Unfortunately        the crowds have not turned up at League of Ireland matches in the        numbers that had been hoped for when summer soccer was introduced. Merger of the League of Ireland        and the FAI The 2005 Genesis        Report urged that the previously recommended merger between the FAI and        the League of Ireland should go ahead on the basis that the role        of the FAI "... is to manage the game for the benefit of        football in the country. The League is a key component to that and        it should be managed ... for the greater good of the game in Ireland." The League clubs agreed to the merger and at the League of Ireland        AGM on 8th December 2006 the League was dissolved. Over the years a        number of League clubs have run aground because of the mismanagement        of the the financial aspect of the club. The FAI has introduced        a more rigorous licensing regime (clubs must be licensed to play        in the League) that incorporates financial regulations including        the Salary Cost Protocol. Since 2008 wage controls have been        in place to regulate a clubs' spending on players' wages and costs        to a maximum of 65% of relevant income. Despite this two clubs,        De


Which is the only club from outside France to play in the French Ligue 1?

Top 10 Young Ligue 1 Players To Watch Out For | Outside of the Boot Home / Talent Radar / Top 10 Young Ligue 1 Players To Watch Out For Top 10 Young Ligue 1 Players To Watch Out For By Outside of the Boot on August 12, 2013 @OOTB_football This website has gained a reputation as one of the best sources for reading on the young talents of World Football. Attracting readers with our extensive Scout Reports on some of the best young & rising football stars, we have decided to continue our focus on the next generation. We were instrumental with our comprehensive reporting on the hugely popular U21 European Championship this summer, with our Tactical Player Reports . Keeping in tune with this focus, we are dedicated to educating readers on the best young talents to watch out for with our latest feature. The French have taken a back seat at the top of World football as the more popular German, English, Spanish & Italian leagues dominate. A rush of financial muscle has seen the footballing world take notice. OOTB’s attraction towards the Western European country remains its young talents, and there are plenty. Here is a list of the Top 10 Young Ligue 1 Players you need to watch out for. 10 Best Young Players in the 2014/15 Ligue 1 Season | Part One | Part Two  | Please note that to maintain standardisation, this list includes players who are 21 and below, and will remain so until August 31st, 2013 (hence why the likes of James Rodriguez & Alexandre Lacazette don’t make it). Also, like much of our content, we are avoiding the ‘mainstream’ attraction and providing readers a list of players that are not as established as some of the others in their age category. Marco Verratti, Lucas Moura etc, although young, are established in the footballing world, and are players you will probably watch out for anyway, without us telling you. 10. Neal Maupay Nationality: French Position: Striker The French U-17 international will only turn 17 later this month but has already notched up 3 professional goals in his career since his debut in 2012. OGC Nice, along with Lyon & Rennes, have the youngest average squad in the 2013-14 Ligue 1. Having gained a lot of experience with the second side the last campaign, manager Claude Puel will definitely have plans for the young attacker this season. 9. Yannick Ferreira Carrasco Nationality: Belgian Position: Winger Despite the millions pumped into AS Monaco, Claudio Ranieri has a whole host of young talents to give opportunities too. Yannick Carrasco who arrived at the French club from famed Belgian academy, Genk, much before the millions from Russia did is one such footballer who could have an instrumental season. The Belgium U-21 international was given his break in the first team last campaign, with Monaco in the second division, scoring 6 goals as he helped his side into Ligue 1. 8. Samuel Umtiti Nationality: French Position: Centre Back After years of success at the top, Lyon is going through a transition phase with plenty of focus on blooding the youth. An average squad age of 23.7 is a testament to their youthful policy, with 19-yr-old Samuel Umtiti at the height of it. The Cameroonian born central defender has established himself at the heart of Lyon’s defence, and will continue to be given opportunities this new campaign. Nationality: French Position: Centre Back Despite his young age, Nicolas Isimat-Mirin has loads of experience at professional level making over 80 first team appearances at his previous club, Valenciennes. The 21-year-old has been linked with some top European clubs, Liverpool most notably. As Monaco’s big money revolution took seed this summer, Isimat-Mirin was a rare young signing made (along with Anthony Martial) as Monaco look to add to their young talents. Manager Ranieri, would have identified the defenders obvious talents, and one can expect much from the Frenchman. 6. Jordan Ayew Nationality: Ghanaian Position: Striker Jordan Ayew is from a rich football background, with nearly his entire family involved in football professionally. The 21-year-old has been around for qui


Which composer’s “Minute Waltz” is used as theme music for ”Just a Minute”?

Classical Music Composers :: Chopin An emotional and complex piano solo which is alleged to be Chopin's attempt to reflect his unhappiness in Vienna. It has been widely used in films, (such as 'The Pianist'), and even in video games, 'Fallout 4'). £22.99 Delicate lullaby for piano written by Chopin as variations on a theme. It showcases the inventiveness of the composer as ideas evolve. Lose yourself in this sweet and mellow composition. £22.99 Chopin - Etude Opus 10, No.3 (Tritesse) A serene start with beautiful melodies produces a sentimental and loving atmosphere. This contrasts with the more upbeat, almost dance-like passage which in turns into a dramatic, powerful and forceful section before returning to a calm ending. Used widely in advertising and film and TV productions. £22.99 Bristling with energy, this lively waltz for solo piano surges with huge confidence and presence. Requires great skill from the performer to keep up with the pace. Regarded by some as the first of Chopin's waltzes to be published. £22.99 Chopin composed many mazurkas, (a Polish folk dance), and this is one of his most familiar. Not too fast, but swirling and with a light playfulness, it has a calmer interlude before resuming the dance. £22.99 The tempo instruction on the score is 'molto vivace', (very lively), and it certainly is swift and joyous. A very famous piece which is used as the theme for the hugely popular BBC radio show 'Just A Minute'. £22.99 A tender start to this lovely piano solo. The middle section rises with increasing emotion before settling down with the piece ending very much as it had started in a calm and peaceful way. £22.99 Beautiful melodies glide with effortless grace at the start of this famous Chopin piano solo. It becomes more intense before a soft ending. Used in many productions such as the James Bond film 'The Spy Who Loved Me'. £22.99 A piano solo that starts peacefully and delicately before rising to an emotional crescendo, then dropping back to a serene finish. An atmospheric piece that showcases Chopin's mastery of the piano. £22.99 A very popular composition which has been used on countless productions and adverts. A lilting melody above a waltz like accompaniment gets more complex and intense as we're taken on an emotional journey. £22.99


Which folk band’s version of The Archers’ theme introduces the Sunday Omnibus Edition?

Pete Shutler | ZoomInfo.com Pete Shutler + Get 10 Free Contacts a Month Please agree to the terms and conditions I agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy . I understand that I will receive a subscription to ZoomInfo Grow at no charge in exchange for downloading and installing the ZoomInfo Contact Contributor utility which, among other features, involves sharing my business contacts as well as headers and signature blocks from emails that I receive. Web References (42 Total References) Morris Matters | The Morris Ring Wessex Morris Men remember The Yetties' Pete Shutler with fundraising event in Sherborne ... Pete Shutler remembered by Wessex Morris Men this weekend Pete Shutler www.bbc.co.uk [cached] Pete Shutler was a founder member of The Yetties, one of the most popular bands on the British folk music scene. He went to school in the Dorset town of Yetminster, where he met the other band members and from which they took their name. After being suspended from his job with the local council for moonlighting as a musician, the Yetties went professional, releasing more than 40 albums during their career. ... Away from The Yetties, Shutler accompanied Bob Arnold (The Archers' Tom Forrest) on an album of folk songs and it is his accordion version of the Archers' theme tune, Barwick Green, which plays on the Sunday omnibus edition. $reference.title


The “Brain of Britain” theme music is adapted from which Mozart piece?

Hugh Benham's Blog: Music and Worship: Mozart, born 1756 Hugh Benham's Blog Sunday, 10 January 2010 Music and Worship: Mozart, born 1756 27 January 2006 saw the 250th anniversary of the birth of the composer Mozart. He is known generally today as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (remember the play Amadeus?), but was baptized Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Gottlieb Mozart. Mozart’s music is famous for its classical elegance and spontaneity. The aim was usually to please rather than to disturb the audience, although below the surface simplicity there is great profundity and originality. Mozart, who began composing when he was about 5 years old, was probably the most gifted musician ever. Mozart is known above all for his operas, in which he showed a special genius for characterisation through music. He also wrote piano concertos, sonatas, symphonies, chamber music and church music – well over 600 works, despite his living only to the age of 35! Almost everyone has heard parts of his serenade Eine kleine Nachtsmusik (as used for the signature tune of Radio 4’s Brain of Britain), and his piano piece ‘Alla Turca’. If you’ve ever learned the piano, violin, clarinet or other ‘classical’ instrument, you’ll almost certainly have played one or two of Mozart’s pieces. We don’t hear much of Mozart’s music in church in Chandler’s Ford. In fact, over the past few years I can recall our using only two pieces that bear his name – a hymn tune for the words ‘Take my life and let it be’, and the anthem ‘Ave verum corpus’. The hymn tune for ‘Take my life’, entitled ‘Nottingham’, was not written for the words we sing to it, which date from the mid-nineteenth century (by Frances Ridley Havergal). It was apparently adapted from a Mass attributed to Mozart – in other words, it may not be by him at all. ‘Ave verum corpus’, although short, is one of Mozart’s very finest pieces. It was composed only a few months before his death in 1791. Mozart, who was a Roman Catholic, set its Latin words as a eucharistic devotion. In English translation they begin ‘Hail, true Body, born of the Virgin Mary.’ Most of Mozart’s other church music is unsuitable for use in parish churches, on grounds of length or difficulty in performance. Also the style of music has struck some people, including many in the Roman Catholic church, as too ‘secular’, for Mozart’s music is heavily indebted to opera and other non-church styles. Nevertheless Sir John Tavener, one of today’s leading composers of church music, has spoken enthusiastically of a spirituality in Mozart’s music that for him is unrivalled. Listen, and see what you are able to hear. There are literally hundreds of recordings of Mozart’s music, and it is regularly broadcast on Classic FM and Radio 3. Posted by


Which life-saving natural hormone was first extracted by Banting and Best in 1921?

The Discovery of Insulin The Discovery of Insulin   Before the discovery of insulin, diabetes      was a feared disease that most certainly led to death. Doctors knew      that sugar worsened the condition of diabetic patients and that the      most effective treatment was to put the patients on very strict diets where sugar intake was kept to a minimum. At best, this treatment could      buy patients a few extra years, but it never saved them. In some cases,   the harsh diets even caused patients to die of starvation. During the nineteenth century, observations of patients who died   of diabetes often showed that the pancreas was damaged. In 1869,   a German medical student, Paul Langerhans, found that within the   pancreatic tissue that produces digestive juices there were clusters   of cells whose function was unknown. Some of these cells were eventually   shown to be the insulin-producing beta cells. Later, in honor of   the person who discovered them, the cell clusters were named the   islets of Langerhans. In 1889 in Germany, physiologist Oskar Minkowski and physician Joseph   von Mering, showed that if the pancreas was removed from a dog, the   animal got diabetes. But if the duct through which the pancreatic   juices flow to the intestine was ligated - surgically tied off so   the juices couldn't reach the intestine - the dog developed minor   digestive problems but no diabetes. So it seemed that the pancreas   must have at least two functions: To produce digestive juices To produce a substance that regulates the sugar glucose This hypothetical internal secretion was the key. If a substance   could actually be isolated, the mystery of diabetes would be solved.   Progress, however, was slow.   Banting's Idea In October 1920 in Toronto, Canada, Dr. Frederick Banting, an unknown      surgeon with a bachelor's degree in medicine, had the idea that the      pancreatic digestive juices could be harmful to the secretion of the   pancreas produced by the islets of Langerhans. He therefore wanted to ligate the pancreatic ducts in order to stop   the flow of nourishment to the pancreas. This would cause the pancreas   to degenerate, making it shrink and lose its ability to secrete the   digestive juices. The cells thought to produce an antidiabetic secretion   could then be extracted from the pancreas without being harmed. Early in 1921, Banting took his idea to Professor John Macleod at   the University of Toronto, who was a leading figure in the study   of diabetes in Canada. Macleod didn't think much of Banting's theories.   Despite this, Banting managed to convince him that his idea was worth   trying. Macleod gave Banting a laboratory with a minimum of equipment   and ten dogs. Banting also got an assistant, a medical student by   the name of Charles Best. The experiment was set to start in the   summer of 1921. Banting, right, and Best, left, with one of the      diabetic dogs used in experiments with insulin. Credits: University of Toronto Archives   The Experiment Begins Banting and Best began their experiments by removing the pancreas   from a dog. This resulted in the following: It's blood sugar rose. It became thirsty, drank lots of water, and urinated more often. It became weaker and weaker. The dog had developed diabetes. Experimenting on another dog, Banting and Best surgically ligated   the pancreas, stopping the flow of nourishment, so that the pancreas   degenerated. After a while, they removed the pancreas, sliced it up, and froze   the pieces in a mixture of water and salts. When the pieces were   half frozen, they were ground up and filtered. The isolated substance   was named "isletin." The extract was injected into the diabetic dog. Its blood glucose   level dropped, and it seemed healthier and stronger. By giving the   diabetic dog a few injections a day, Banting and Best could keep   it healthy and free of symptoms. Banting and Best showed their result to Macleod, who was impressed,   but h


Which Cumbrian town’s boundaries incorporate the 11-mile-long Walney Island?

Barrow-in-Furness | English Towns Barrow-in-Furness (/ˈbærɵ ɪn fərˈnɛs/, locally  /ˈbærɵ ɪn ˈfɜrns/; commonly known as Barrow) is an industrial town and seaport which forms about half the territory of the wider Borough of Barrow-in-Furness in the county of Cumbria, England. It lies 49 mi (79 km) north of Liverpool, 59 mi (95 km) northwest of Manchester and 54 mi (87 km) southwest from the county town of Carlisle. The town is situated at the tip of the Furness peninsula bordered by Morecambe Bay, the Duddon Estuary and the Irish Sea. It has a population of 59,182, whilst the wider borough is home to 71,981 people. It is also close to the Lake District National Park . In the Middle Ages, Barrow was a small hamlet within the parish of Dalton-in-Furness. Furness Abbey, on the outskirts of the modern day town, controlled the local economy before its dissolution in 1537. Even as late as 1843 there were still only 32 dwellings including two pubs. The iron prospector Henry Schneider arrived in Furness in 1839 and, with other investors, opened the Furness Railway in 1846 to transport iron ore and slate from local mines to the coast. Further hematite deposits were discovered in 1850, of sufficient size to develop factories for smelting and exporting steel. By the late 19th century, Barrow was home to the largest steelworks in the world. Barrow’s location and the availability of steel allowed the town to develop into a significant producer of naval vessels, a shift that was accelerated during World War I and the local yard’s specialisation in submarines. The original iron- and steel- making enterprises closed down after World War II, leaving Vickers boat building factory as Barrow’s main industry and employer. The Royal Navy flagships HMS Hermes, HMS Invincible and HMS Albion as well as all four Vanguard class submarines, which carry Trident nuclear weapons, were manufactured at the facility. From the 1960s the shipyard increasingly specialised in the construction of nuclear-powered submarines. However with the end of the Cold War and subsequent decrease in military spending the town suffered high unemployment through lack of contracts, despite this the shipyard remains operational and the only submarine production facility in the UK. The name was originally that of an island—the name ‘Barrai’ can be traced back to 1190. This was later renamed ‘Old Barrow’, recorded as Oldebarrey in 1537, and Old Barrow Insula and Barrohead in 1577. The island was then joined to the mainland and the town took its name. The name itself seems to mean ‘island with promontory’, combining British barro- and Old Norse ey, but it is more likely that Scandinavian settlers simply accepted barro- as a meaningless name, and so added an explanatory Old Norse second element. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries Barrow was nicknamed the ‘English Chicago’ because of the sudden and rapid growth in its industry, economic stature and overall size. More recently the town has been dubbed the ‘Capital of blue-collar Britain’ by The Daily Telegraph as a result of its strong working class identity, Barrow is also often jokingly referred to as being located at the end of the longest cul-de-sac in the country (because of its relatively isolated location at the tip of the Furness peninsula). In the Middle Ages the Furness peninsula was controlled by the Cistercian monks of the Abbey of St Mary of Furness, known as Furness Abbey. This was located in the ‘Vale of Nightshade’, now on the outskirts of the town. Originally founded for the Savigniac order, it was built on the orders of King Stephen of England in 1123. Soon after the abbey’s foundation the monks discovered iron ore deposits, later to prove the basis for the Furness economy. These thin strata, close to the surface, were extracted through open cut workings, which were then smelted by the monks in small bloomeries (early furnaces). The proceeds from mining, along with agriculture and fisheries, meant that by the 15th century the abbey had become the second richest and most powerful Cistercian abbey in Englan


Living from 1672 to 1769, which card games authority is known as “the father of Whist”?

Edmond Hoyle Facts ADD TO WORD LIST Edmond Hoyle Facts Edmond Hoyle (1672-1769) was an authority on card games and is often referred to as the "Father of Whist." Although he did not invent the game, with the publication of his systematized book of rules and procedures, the game became widely popular, especially among the English aristocracy. He also published rules on backgammon, brag, quadrille, piquet, and chess. Almost nothing is known of Hoyle's life before 1741. It has been speculated that he was from Yorkshire and later owned land in Dublin, but scholars agree that the historical records are most likely referring to another Edmond Hoyle. It is commonly believed that he was a lawyer. In 1741 he was residing in Queen Square, London, where he earned at least part of his income by giving lessons on the card game whist. In need of a standard book of rules to assist his students, he wrote A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist. When the manuscript handbook was well received by his students, he was encouraged to publish it. A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist The book was entered at Stationers' Hall on November 17, 1742, with Hoyle as the sole owner of the copyright. The book sold for one guinea and became a popular success, despite the fact that numerous pirated versions quickly appeared on the market. Reprinted in 14 successive editions along with numerous revised editions published after Hoyle's death, A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist ultimately became one of the best selling books of the eighteenth century. The Game of Whist Whist, on which the modern card game bridge is based, is played with a full deck of 52 cards by two sets of partners. The object is to take tricks, or earn points, by playing the highest-ranking card in each round. To begin, all cards are dealt out around the table, one card at a time laid face down, with each player ultimately holding 13 cards. The last card, which belongs to the dealer, is dealt face up and determines the trump suit of hearts, diamonds, spades, or clubs for that hand. The player on the dealer's left begins the play by laying a card on the table face up. Other players then must follow suit. If the same suit is not available in one's hand, a player can lay down a card from the trump suit. Any trump card outranks all cards from other suits. For example, in a round in which spades is trump, if an eight of diamonds is led, followed by a ten of diamonds, a king of diamonds, and a two of spades, the trump card, two of spades, wins the round even though it is numerically lower. If more than one player lays down a trump card, the highest trump card takes the trick. Partners earn one point for every trick that they take after the first six. Therefore, with 13 points possible per hand, the highest score per hand is seven. A game is won by being the first partners to earn seven points. As the first book to offer a scientific approach to whist, or any other card game for that matter, A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist provided new insight and strategy on card playing. Along with providing a systematized book of rules for the game, Hoyle introduced laws of probability in determining the correct play. He also was the first to suggest that play can be aided by inferring the remaining cards in a player's hand based on the previously played cards. In other words, with 13 cards in each suit, if for example 10 cards within a suit have already been laid down during a round, a player can make educated predictions regarding where the other three suit cards lie. Including a code of ethics and fair play, Hoyle provided a foundation of ethical play that went almost wholly unchanged for two centuries. Numerous Editions Printed The second edition of A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist, which included several additions, appeared as a pocket-sized book in 1743, selling for two shillings. The third and fourth editions were also published in 1743, with the fourth edition revised to contain the 24 rules of whist that would govern the game until revised once again by Hoyle in his twelfth edition, publ


Under what pen name does novelist David Cornwell write?

Writing yourself a pen name | Books | The Guardian Writing yourself a pen name Authors reveal the different reasons they have adopted alternative literary identities Choosing a mask … sale of Oriental art during at Sotheby's. Photograph: Frank Baron for the Guardian Tuesday 1 July 2014 06.30 EDT First published on Tuesday 1 July 2014 06.30 EDT Share on Messenger Close The realisation that if I ever managed to write a novel it would have to be under another name came 12 years ago when I was sitting in the Guardian's newsroom writing a story as Sarah Hall. An email appeared from a friend: "Have you written a novel?" My stomach clenched. Did I exist in some parallel universe where I managed to write fiction instead of stories about libel cases and child abductions? No, I was a reporter, nothing else. I clicked on Yahoo and sure enough, there she was: another Sarah Hall, who had written a novel called Haweswater . The idea that someone a year younger than me could have written a book seemed incredible; but more appalling was the fact that she shared my name. I could never do it now. Even if I managed to summon up the confidence to write a novel – trusting to an imagination that I thought had been killed off by an English degree and seven years of journalism – I could never be published as me. Someone had got there first. Ten years on, my literary doppelganger hoved back into view when I first contacted my agent. "Sarah Hall," I signed the letter, and added: "(not the Man Booker-shortlisted one.)" In the intervening decade, the other Sarah Hall had published three further novels, all either award-winning or Man Booker-longlisted, and an award-winning book of short stories. A fortnight before we submitted to publishers, in October last year, she won the BBC National Short Story award . When I used the name in my biography to be submitted to publishers – a subconscious slip as I'd long accepted I would have to abandon it – my agent reminded me, gently: "I really don't think you can be Sarah Hall." Of course, pseudonyms have a long heritage. Think of George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) or Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell (the Brontë sisters); George Orwell (Eric Arthur Blair); James Herriot (James Wight); John le Carré (David Cornwell); Lee Child (Jim Grant), SJ Parris (Stephanie Merritt) or the crime writer Robert Galbraith (JK Rowling). In Rowling's case, a pseudonym promised more artistic freedom: the possibility not to have The Cuckoo's Calling viewed through the distorting prism of Harry Potter. More prosaically, a new name can be useful for commercial reasons, if one name hasn't sold well; or to allow a writer the chance to re-brand themselves and write in a different genre. As one pseudonymous author puts it: "With social media … there's a subtle move towards developing an author brand to match the books. And obviously that's easier if you're starting from scratch!" For Sue Mongredien, then a children's writer, becoming Lucy Diamond was a necessity when she started writing bestselling adult fiction. "My first adult book was a bit racy so we needed to keep the genres separate. I'd just written a children's story called Lucy the Diamond Fairy (under another pseudonym) and so the name came from there." Using a pseudonym can be freeing, she said: "I could reinvent myself all over again if I decided to try a completely different genre, for instance." But that creative freedom may diminish if the writer's identity is revealed. As journalist Jonathan Freedland, aka thriller writer Sam Bourne , says: "Is it liberating? It was at first – when the book was just a manuscript sent to publishers and no one knew it was me. As soon as that secret was out, the name itself stopped making a difference to the writing process. But fiction – for a journalist – is hugely liberating, whatever the name on the cover." Yet, if adopting a pen name can offer a writer creative freedom, there are drawbacks. Choosing a different name creates a layer of deception between writer and reader in an era in which social media strives to ram that gap closed. (Although,


Who is the medical examiner central to the crime novels of Patricia Cornwell?

If you like books by Patricia Cornwell | Librarypoint If you like books by Patricia Cornwell By: Kara Rockwell This readalike is in response to a customer's book-match request. If you would like personalized reading recommendations, fill out the book-match form and a librarian will email suggested titles to you. Available for adults, teens, and kids. You can browse the book matches here . Patricia Cornwell writes crime novels and is known especially for her series featuring Dr. Kay Scarpetta, a medical examiner. Her book Postmortem , which is the first novel to feature Dr. Scarpetta, won a slew of awards, including the Edgar Award and the Macavity Award for best first mystery.   If you like books by Patricia Cornwell, here are some other books and authors that you might like: The Alibi Man by Tami Hoag Former narcotics detective Elena Estes just wants to be left alone, but when a colleague is murdered, her hunt for the killer leads her straight back to the smarmy Palm Beach crowd she abandoned long ago. (Library Journal)   Devil Bones by Kathy Reichs In a house under renovation in Charlotte, North Carolina, a plumber discovers a forgotten cellar, and some rather grisly remains—the severed head of a teenage girl, several decapitated chickens, and a couple of cauldrons containing beads, feathers, bones, and other relics of religious ceremonies. In a river not far away, an adolescent boy's torso carved with a pentagram, is found. Are these crimes the work of Satanists and devil worshipers? (catalog summary)   The Devil's Bones by Jefferson Bass Investigating a suspicious death in which the victim's remains were found in a burned car, forensic anthropologist Bill Brockton engages in an unorthodox experiment to better understand the case. (catalog summary)     Fractured by Karin Slaughter Detective Will Trent of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation takes on the case of a girl who has been savagely murdered in one of Atlanta's most desirable neighborhoods. (catalog summary)   The Keepsake by Tess Gerritsen When a perfectly preserved "mummy" is discovered in the dusty basement of Boston's Crispin Museum and an archaeologist turns up missing, medical examiner Maura Isles and Boston homicide detective Jane Rizzoli have precious little time to derail the Archaeology Killer before he adds another chilling piece to his monstrous collection. (catalog summary)   The Killing Hour by Lisa Gardner Rookie FBI agent Kimberly Quincy is after a serial killer who always claims two victims, leaving clues with the first corpse that will lead to the second-whose slow, torturous death could be prevented. (Library Journal)     Nine by Jan Burke LAPD homicide detective Alex Hartwick finds himself at odds with the feds when criminals on the FBI's Most Wanted list start dropping like flies in his jurisdiction. (Library Journal)   Sleepyhead by Mark Billingham In a variation on the serial killer theme, newcomer Billingham's villain doesn't want to actually kill his victims (those who do die he considers mistakes ) so much as induce massive strokes that will leave them cerebrally conscious while otherwise in a completely comatose state known as locked-in syndrome. (catalog summary)


What is the nautical term for a staircase between two decks on a ship?

Word List: Definitions of Nautical Terms and Ship Parts Tweets by @schrisomalis Nautical Terms Ahoy, mateys! This be a fair and true listing of words having to do with ships and sailing, 225 of them in all. These terms come mainly from the great age of sailing ships, the 16th to 18th centuries, and almost all hail from the two great seafaring peoples of the day, those being the brave English and the most hated Dutch. Be fairly warned: I, being a landlubber of the most scurvy sort, know little of such nautical matters aside from what my word-books tell me, so if there are any sea-dogs out there who would deign to correct me on matters of seaman's cant and jargon, ye should holler from atop the crow's nest of your vessels. Ahoy! Word hardwood on either side of bowsprit through which forestays are reeved belay to secure a rope by winding on a pin or cleat bilge lower point of inner hull of a ship binnacle case in which a ship's compass is kept bitts posts mounted on a ship for fastening ropes bluepeter blue flag with white square in centre used as ship's signal boatswain ship's crewmember in charge of equipment and maintenance bobstay rope used on ships to steady the bowsprit bollard short post on a wharf or ship to which ropes are tied boltrope strong rope stitched to edges of a sail bosun anchor carried at bow of a ship bowline rope used to keep weather edge of a sail taut bowsprit spar that extends at bows of a ship brails ropes on edge of sail for hauling up bream to clean a ship's bottom by burning off seaweed bulwark the side of a ship above the deck bumpkin spar projecting from stern of ship bunt middle of sail, fish-net or cloth when slack buntline rope attached to middle of square sail to haul it up to the yard burgee small ship's flag used for identification or signalling cable heavy rope or chain for mooring a ship cabotage shipping and sailing between points in the same country camber slight arch or convexity to a beam or deck of a ship capstan upright device for winding in heavy ropes or cables careen to turn a ship on its side in order to clean or repair it cathead projection near the bow of a ship to which anchor is secured chine the intersection of the middle and sides of a boat chock metal casting with curved arms for passing ropes for mooring ship clew corner of sail with hole to attach ropes coaming raised edge around ship's hatches to keep water out cocket official shipping seal; customs clearance form cofferdam narrow vacant space between two bulkheads of a ship cog single-masted, square-sailed ship with raised stern companionway stairs from upper deck of ship to lower deck cordage ropes in the rigging of a ship cringle loop at corner of sail to which a line is attached crosstrees horizontal crosspieces at a masthead used to support ship's mast davit device for hoisting and lowering a boat deadeye rounded wooden block with hole used to set up ship's stays deadwood timbers built into ends of ship when too narrow to permit framing demurrage delay of vessel's departure or loading with cargo dodger shield against rain or spray on a ship's bridge dogwatch a short, evening period of watch duty on a ship downhaul rope for holding down or hauling down a sail or spar dromond large single-sailed ship powered by rowers dyogram ship's chart indicating compass deflection due to ship's iron earing line for fastening corner of a sail to the gaff or yard ensign part of ship's stern where name is displayed fairlead ring through which rope is led to change its direction without friction fardage wood placed in bottom of ship to keep cargo dry fiddley iron framework around hatchway opening figurehead ornament or (usually female) bust attached to the bow of a ship flagstaff flag pole at stern of a ship fluke part of an anchor that fastens in the ground forebitt post for fastening cables at a ship's foremast forecabin cabin in fore part of ship forecastle short raised deck at fore end of ship; fore of ship under main deck forefoot foremost end of ship's keel foremast mast nearest the bow of a ship foresail lowest sail set


Which long nonsense poem is subtitled: An Agony in 8 Fits?

The Hunting of the Snark: An Agony, in Eight Fits (FREE Audiobook Included!) eBook by Lewis Carroll - 1230000094379 | Kobo Show less   The Hunting of the Snark (An Agony in 8 Fits) is usually thought of as a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) in 1874, when he was 42 years old. It describes "with infinite humour the impossible voyage of an improbable crew to find an inconceivable creature". The poem borrows occasionally from Carroll's short poem "Jabberwocky" in Through the Looking-Glass (especially the poem's creatures and portmanteau words), but it is a stand-alone work, first published in 1876 by Macmillan. The illustrations were by Henry Holiday. In common with other Carroll works, the meaning of his poems has been queried and analysed in depth. One of the most comprehensive gatherings of information about the poem and its meaning is The Annotated Snark by Martin Gardner. The Hunting of the Snark: An Agony, in Eight Fits  (Over 10 Illustrations) (FREE Audiobook Included!) , this ebook have -Included TOC for Reader.


Which eponymous operatic heroine leaps to her death from Rome’s Castel Sant’Angelo?

Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome, Italy Tourist Information Rome, Italy 41.903112.4664 The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as Castel Sant'Angelo (English: Castle of the Holy Angel), is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome , Italy . It was initially commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family. The building was later used by the popes as a fortress and castle, and is now a museum. The Castel was once the tallest building in Rome. Hadrian's Tomb: The tomb of the Roman emperor Hadrian, also called Hadrian's mole, was erected on the right bank of the Tiber, between 130 AD and 139 AD. Originally the mausoleum was a decorated cylinder, with a garden top and golden quadriga. Hadrian's ashes were placed here a year after his death in Baiae in 138 AD, together with those of his wife Sabina, and his first adopted son, Lucius Aelius, who also died in 138 AD. Following this, the remains of succeeding emperors were also placed here, the last recorded deposition being Caracalla in 217 AD. The urns containing these ashes were probably placed in what is now known as the Treasury room deep within the building. Hadrian also built the Pons Aelius facing straight onto the mausoleum – it still provides a scenic approach from the center of Rome and the right bank of the Tiber, and is renowned for the Baroque additions of statues of angels holding aloft elements of the Passion of Christ. Papal Fortress, Residence and Prison: The popes converted the structure into a castle, beginning in the 14th century; Pope Nicholas III connected the castle to St Peter's Basilica by a covered fortified corridor called the Passetto di Borgo. The fortress was the refuge of Pope Clement VII from the siege of Charles V's Landsknechte during the Sack of Rome (1527), in which Benvenuto Cellini describes strolling the ramparts and shooting enemy soldiers. Leo X built a chapel with a Madonna by Raffaello da Montelupo. In 1536 Montelupo also created a marble statue of Saint Michael holding his sword after the 590 plague (as described above) to surmount the Castel. Later Paul III built a rich apartment, to ensure that in any future siege the Pope had an appropriate place to stay. Montelupo's statue was replaced by a bronze statue of the same subject, executed by the Flemish sculptor Peter Anton von Verschaffelt, in 1753. Verschaffelt's is still in place and Montelupo's can be seen in an open court in the interior of the Castle. The Papal state also used Sant'Angelo as a prison; Giordano Bruno, for example, was imprisoned there for six years. Another prisoner was the sculptor and goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini. Executions were performed in the small inner courtyard. As a prison, it was also the setting for the third act of Giacomo Puccini's Tosca; the eponymous heroine of the opera leaps to her death from the Castel's ramparts. Museum:


In which modern-day country is Bizet’s “The Pearl Fishers” set?

About Les Pêcheurs de Perles | Opera | GP at the Met About the Opera Premiere date: May 12, 2016 | 0:00:30 The Met’s acclaimed new production of Bizet’s The Pearl Fishers (Les Pêcheurs de Perles), a rarity by the composer of Carmen that has not been staged by the company in a century, comes to THIRTEEN’S Great Performances at the Met for the first time Sunday, May 22 at 12 p.m. on PBS(Check local listings). In New York, THIRTEEN will air the opera on Sunday, May 29 at 12:30 p.m. Conducted by Gianandrea Noseda and directed by Penny Woolcock, Bizet’s sweeping romance tells the story of a beautiful Hindu priestess pursued by rival pearl divers competing for her hand. Diana Damrau leads the cast as the priestess Leïla, opposite Matthew Polenzani as Nadir, Mariusz Kwiecien as Zurga, and Nicolas Testé as the high priest Nourabad. Original Premiere The 1863 opera premiered at the Théâtre Lyrique in Paris, 1863. Critics at the time were not especially enthused but the audience was swept up in the ravishing score tinged with the allure of a mythical South Asian setting. The drama itself remains within the conventional standards of the day, with a love triangle complicated by the true friendship of the two men involved in it. Opera Setting The opera was originally set in Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka) in non-historic “ancient times,” signifying an exotic land with a mythical and romantic aura. The Met’s new production places the action in an unspecified locale in the Far East. About the Score In addition to its striking lyrical expression, the score is filled with surprising and delightful features throughout. The important role of the chorus is evident from the opening number, with its extraordinarily beautiful middle section for men’s voices. The orchestral writing is equally sophisticated, especially in the subtle touches of instrumentation. But it is the remarkable solos and ensembles that have made the opera impossible to forget, chief among them the celebrated duet for the tenor and baritone, “Au fond du temple saint.” Its abundant melody miraculously encompasses a profusion of diverse sentiment, from religious ecstasy to exalted friendship to sadness and loss. Les Pêcheurs de Perles at the Met Before the current 2015–16 season, The Pearl Fishers had only received four performances at the Met. Three of them, in 1916, starred Enrico Caruso and Giuseppe De Luca. “When word gets around,” The New York Times predicted in its review earlier this season, “the sleeper hit of the Metropolitan Opera season could be the new production of Bizet’s Les Pêcheurs de Perles (The Pearl Fishers)… The British director and filmmaker Penny Woolcock, working with a dream cast… delivers in this sensitive and insightful production. Ms. Damrau brings brilliant coloratura agility, radiant sound and charisma galore to the role of Leila. Mr. Kwiecien is an ideal Zurga. Singing with burnished sound and lyrical richness… Mr. Polenzani sang this haunting aria of remembrance with wondrous lyrical tenderness while conveying the music’s gently swaying gait.” New York Magazine raved, “Gianandrea Noseda leads a gilded performance of the tremblingly French score… Matthew Polenzani, a tenor of enormous gifts and versatility, commands a legato so smooth it’s practically liquid. Mariusz Kwiecien brings a muscular authority and tough-guy tenderness to Zurga, the potentate with a heart of gold. As Leila, Diana Damrau spends a good deal of time behind a veil, but there’s nothing retiring about the way she unleashes her voice, which gyres about the stage in a swirl of golden notes.” Soprano Patricia Racette hosts the broadcast. Production Credits and Funders Print The Pearl Fishers was originally seen live in movie theaters on January 16 as part of the groundbreaking The Met: Live in HD series, which transmits live performances to more than 2,000 movie theaters and performing arts centers in over 70 countries around the world. The Live in HD series has reached a record-breaking 19 million viewers since its inception in 2006. Great Performances at the Met is a presentation o


Of what breed was Schnorbitz, with whom Bernie Winters appeared in his later career?

Dog days catch up with St Bernards | The Independent Europe Dog days catch up with St Bernards For centuries, they have been coming to the aid of lost climbers in the Alps. But now the march of technology has left these mountain rescuers looking for a saviour of their own. Peter Popham reports Monday 27 September 2004 23:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Talk to the enthusiasts and you will quickly learn that there are few things on earth more magnificent than a St Bernard dog. Forget Mike and Bernie Winters and his massive friend Schnorbitz - these dogs are epic. Marco Polo, on his journeys through China, was introduced to the Tibetan Mastiff, "tall as a donkey", he declared later, "and with the roar of a lion." St Bernards are their closest European cousins. If you believe the experts, they have been bounding around in the Alps for two thousands years. But now the St Bernard risks being torn once and for all from the place after which it was named, and where it learned to do that special St Bernard thing. The one picture everyone carries around of a St Bernard is of this huge dog, a small barrel of brandy strapped to its throat, rescuing unfortunate travellers caught in the snow and ice. The barrel of brandy was always, sadly, a myth, or perhaps the artful invention of the first man who painted the St Bernards at work. But the person-saving task was real enough, and lasted for centuries. At the Great St Bernard Hospice, 2,500ft up the Alps on the way to Mt Blanc, there is both the highest church and the highest ancient Roman temple - or rather its ruins - in Europe. The hospice, founded and still run by Augustine monks, was for centuries a life-saving institution at this perilous crossroads on the roof of Europe. Everybody who was everybody came through St Bernard's Pass: Hannibal, Charlemagne, Napoleon (who dined at the Hospice), Stendahl (one of the 40,000 soldiers keeping Napoleon company). If you wanted to get into Italy the quick way before they bored the tunnel, this was the way you came. But if fate was to brought you here late or early in the year, your chances of getting buried alive in an avalanche, or merely succumbing to the cold and altitude, would be extremely strong. In which case you would normally die - and if you didn't it was because one of the St Bernards kept by the monks, their great size complemented by their incredible senses of hearing and smell, came to rescue you. Now, sadly, that whole extraordinary tradition risks being snuffed out. The monks at St Bernard's are down to four, including Father Hilary. These days it's hard to find healthy young novices happy to spend eight months of the year in freezing isolation. And more critically, the dogs no longer serve any purpose at St Bernard's. "It's not that some other breed of dog has taken over," says Giovanni Morsiani, president of Italy's Saint Bernards club, "but they've been supplanted by the inventions of man: helicopters, mechanical diggers, sensors." It's getting on for 40 years since the St Bernards of St Bernard's last performed their traditional function. The only reason they remain, in fact, is because they've always been there, and because the thousands of tourists who tramp through in the summer months expect to find them there. Many visitors come through only for that reason. But the experience is frequently disillusioning: long gone are the monks photographed for National Geographic in 1957 who practically lived with the dogs, and who depended on them to fulfil their duty of care and rescue for travellers in trouble. "The monks have inherited the dogs," says Mr Morsiani. "These days they don't need to be dog-lovers to be monks at the hospice. So steadily a distance has been growing up between the monks and the St Bernards." Meanwhile the dogs' living conditions have deteriorated. In 1957 they were housed in a barn of a building behind the hospice, but in recent years hey have been confined to small kennels, far too small for them to exercise properly. "My one St Bernard has more space than all 10 of theirs had," says Mr


Which TV detective had a pet dog called Jussi in some series?

Wallander (Series) - TV Tropes Ate His Gun : Happens in the Swedish episode The Secret. In the final episode of the Henriksson version, Wallander himself almost does this after his Alzheimer's is exposed, which will end his career, literally loading his pistol and putting it in his mouth. He is however unable to pull the trigger. Aww, Look! They Really Do Love Each Other : Many of the scenes between Wallander and his daughter Linda turn out this way. Although they have the unerring knack of infuriating each other and often argue, they still care very deeply for each other. Big Damn Heroes : Martinsson in the Branagh version of One Step Behind, who follows Kurt to his house, and shoots Åke before he can shoot Linda. Bilingual Bonus : Some of the written Swedish in the British version. For example, when Wallander checks his inbox, viewers are treated to a bunch of annoying emails from Tom Hiddleston 's character Magnus Martinsson, with headlines like "Vem stängde inte av kaffebryggaren?" ("Who left the coffee maker on?") and "Glöm inte möte med Martinsson!" ("Don't forget meeting with Martinsson!"). It's worth pointing out that the Swedish Wallander is fluent in English and uses it on a few occasions. Blood from the Mouth : In Firewall, this is how you can tell that Ella's not going to make it. Indeed she seems to have been shot in the gut. Averted in The Man who smiled, although it would have been fatal without Wallander's prompt intervention. Used at the end of the Swedish episode Blodsband to show that Oskar Ung has been fatally shot. Buffy Speak : Kenneth Branagh's Wallander is really good at muttering half cut off, incomprehensible words when he is distracted. Bury Your Gays : Svedberg in One Step Behind ends being this, killed by one of the men he was involved with, who ended up having been a mass murderer who preyed on happy people. He killed Svedberg because he was too close to discovering his secret. Averted with the others in the novel. Butt Monkey : Wallander can't even go out to eat without the universe abusing him. In one episode, Nyberg forgets his wallet and Kurt's card is out of date, so they come off looking like bums and get yelled at by an angry waitress. He also survives an assassination attempt because he trips over a rug. In the Swedish films starring Krister Henriksson, Officer Svartman is undoubtedly also a Butt Monkey. He gets shot at, beaten by thugs, has something horrendous done to a sensitive part of his body and has his car shot to pieces by mooks. Character Outlives Actor : Johanna Sällström (Linda Wallander) killed herself in 2007 between the first and second seasons of the TV 4 series. Linda was written out of the second season and recast for the third. Cult : Wallander investigates one in Before the Frost. Corrupt Politician : In Sidetracked, a former Minister of Justice is murdered because of his shady past and using his influence to cover up what he had really been up to. Dead Person Conversation : The final scene of The Troubled Man features one between Wallander and his father, who consoles Wallander about his memory loss. Deus Angst Machina : While True Art Is Angsty , the Branagh adaptations could possibly be called "Wallander's Horrible Life". In the novels, Wallander is often generally unsatisfied with his life, with no idea how to improve it. In The Dogs of Riga, he's so fed up with life that he experiences chest pains and nearly quits police work to take up a much less stressful job in security instead. That said, in the novels he does have some happy experiences, especially when he's spending time with Linda or his Latvian girlfriend Baiba. Dirty Communists : Deconstructed. The second volume, The Dogs of Riga, mostly takes place in the then-totalitarian state of Latvia, which was in the process of falling apart in the time frame of the series (it had fallen apart the year before the novel was written, although it wasn't entirely clear what would be happening to the country at that point). It is quite clear that Mankell, while sympathetic to the ideals communism was avowedly inte


Which Welsh town’s Esplanade Hotel was for 75 years The Barbarians’ headquarters?

Rugby Football History All Blacks Barbarians Canada British & Irish Lions Ireland Scotland Springboks USA Wales Wallabies Conception The Barbarians were conceived in 1890 at an Oyster bar in Bradford when William Percy Carpmael (1853-1936), a Cambridge & Blackheath forward of some note, was touring Yorkshire and the midlands with a scratch side. Attending were Sammy Woods, Emile de Lissa, Jock Wemyss, Percy Coles and WJ Carey. Leuchters Restaurant, Alexandra Hotel, Bradford Carey toured South Africa in 1896 and later became the Anglican Bishop of Bloemfontein. He gave the Barbarians their motto: "Rugby Football is a game for gentlemen in all classes, but for no bad sportsman in any class". - W.J. Carey They were having so much fun on and off the field that they decided to form a club and he became the founder and first president of the club. His belief was that Rugby should be an attacking game and that the Barbarians must always exhibit a style which demonstrated a commitment to hard, clean, attacking Rugby. The club has become famous all over the world and is held in high esteem by all. William Percy Carpmael (1853-1936) The first meeting The first formal meeting of the club was on October 1st, 1890 at 24 Southampton buildings, Chancery lane, London. They decided upon a motto for the club which was "Rugby football is a game for gentlemen in all classes, but never for a bad sportsman in any class" - formulated by the right Reverend W. J. Carvey. This ensured that the Barbarians did not discriminate upon class, race, creed or color and the only qualification to be a member was that you were a good rugby player and a good sportsman. The membership was originally limited to sixty five and by invitation only. They had no official headquarters or clubhouse and did all work via post including player selection, although the Espanade Hotel in Penarth became their unofficial HQ since they met their annually during their tour of South Wales which took place in Easter. The original uniform was a white shirt with the monogram B.F.C. over the left breast, dark shorts and socks. It also had a skull and crossbones over the letters but this was later removed. Their now famous uniforms, black and white hooped jerseys, with the overlapping B.F.C. were not adopted until 1891. Barbarians team that played Huddersfield, December 1891 Of the original Barbarians, six were from Oxford and Fifteen Cambridge so it is not surprising that a Barbarian's tie was introduced in 1895, consisting of dark and light blue stripes with a thin white line between. This design was given to the club by Frank Mitchell who had used it for a cricket team he had taken on tour in the USA. Original members of the Barbarians, 1890–1891 O – Oxford University player, C – Cambridge University player Surname   The Baa-Baas In 1925 they introduced a blazer which was dark blue with gilt buttons and a pocket badge of two lambs gamboling with a rugby ball. Although it should not need explaining the two lambs were a play on the word Barbarian which starts with 'Bar' and 'Bar', hence the two sheep. The club has affectionately been called 'the Baa-Baas' ever since. Baa-baa team vs. Swansea 1901   In 1929 a club member, I.M.B. Stuart designed a club emblem consisting of two shields. One had the emblems of the home nations on it and the other, emblems from the commonwealth. The gamboling lambs were kept and were depicted jumping between the shield chasing after a rugby ball. As a result of many scintillating performances, the Barbarians won respect  worldwide and on January 31st 1948 they were invited to play the Australian Wallabies  at Cardiff Arms Park in the final match of their tour. The plan was originated to help pay for the Aussies to return home via Canada  and it was a huge success. The battle captured the  imagination of millions and drew a capacity crowd of 45,000. The baa-baas won 9 - 6. So successful  was the fixture that it became tradition for Australia, New Zealand or South  Africa - whichever was touring the UK - to tackle the Barbarians in 'The Final  C