By the time Warcraft III was issued in 2003 the playable races were Orcs, Humans, Night Elves and which other?

Warcraft 3 - 34 - Night Elf Campaign: Eternity's End - Twilight of the Gods - YouTube Warcraft 3 - 34 - Night Elf Campaign: Eternity's End - Twilight of the Gods Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 1, 2016 Warcraft 3 - 34 - Night Elf Campaign: Eternity's End - Twilight of the Gods Walkthrough Gameplay PC Difficulty: Hard Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos is a high fantasy real-time strategy video game released by Blizzard Entertainment in July 2002. It is the second sequel to Warcraft: Orcs & Humans, and it is the third game set in the Warcraft fictional Universe. An expansion pack, The Frozen Throne, was released in July 2003. Warcraft III contains four playable races: Humans and Orcs, which had previously appeared in Warcraft: Orcs & Humans and Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness, and the Night Elves and Undead, which were introduced to the Warcraft mythos in this installment. Warcraft III's single-player campaign is laid out similarly to that of StarCraft, also by Blizzard Entertainment, being told through all four of the game's races in a progressive manner. Multiplayer mode allows for play against other players, via the Internet, instead of playing against computer-controlled characters as is done in the single-player custom game mode. The game proved to be a best seller and one of the most anticipated and popular computer game releases, with 4.5 million units shipped to retail stores and over one million units sold within a month. Warcraft III won many awards including "Game of the Year" from more than six different publications. Warcraft III's campaign mode is broken up into five campaigns (including an optional prologue), each featuring a different race which the player controls (2 Orc campaigns, 1 Human, 1 Undead, and 1 Night Elf). Each campaign is itself divided into chapters. Unlike previous Blizzard titles, such as Warcraft II or StarCraft, players are not directed to mission briefings in which plot exposition occurs and objectives are announced; rather, Warcraft III uses a system of "seamless quests." Some plot development happens in an occasional cinematic, but most occurs in-game with cutscenes. Objectives, known as quests, are revealed to the player during the progress of the map. Main quests are those that the player must complete to proceed to the next chapter, but there are also optional quests which are not initially revealed, but can be discovered and completed alongside the main objectives. Through each race's campaign, the player retains control of one or more heroes, which slowly grow in experience as the levels progress. This experience is carried over to subsequent missions, allowing the hero to grow throughout the course of the campaign. While different in terms of storyline and precise gameplay, all of the different races' campaigns are structured similarly. Each begins with a level involving simple mechanics to introduce the player to the race and the basic elements of their hero and units. After one or two such levels the player's first "building mission" occurs, requiring them to build and maintain a base while competing with one or more enemy forces. The only campaign that breaks this pattern is the Night Elf campaign, whose first mission involves building a limited base. The last level of each race's campaign is an "epic battle" which means that the player has to strike down a large number of enemy foes and finally destroy their main base. Game


Warren Beatty played what comic strip character in a 1990 film?

Dick Tracy (1990) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The comic strip detective finds his life vastly complicated when Breathless Mahoney makes advances towards him while he is trying to battle Big Boy Caprice's united mob. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 41 titles created 18 Jun 2011 a list of 32 titles created 24 Oct 2011 a list of 27 titles created 22 Jan 2012 a list of 44 titles created 22 Mar 2012 a list of 27 titles created 31 Aug 2012 Search for " Dick Tracy " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     3     Oscars. Another    6 wins & 32 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A detective investigating a series of murders becomes involved with a woman who may be the culprit. Director: Harold Becker A suicidally disillusioned liberal politician puts a contract out on himself and takes the opportunity to be bluntly honest with his voters by affecting the rhythms and speech of hip-hop music and culture. Director: Warren Beatty Johnny has just been released from prison, and gets a job in a café beside waitress Frankie. Frankie is a bit of a loner, but Johnny is determined their romance will blossom. Director: Garry Marshall The accidental shooting of a boy in New York leads to an investigation by the Deputy Mayor, and unexpectedly far-reaching consequences. Director: Harold Becker The story of how Bugsy Siegel started Las Vegas. Director: Barry Levinson A radical American journalist becomes involved with the Communist revolution in Russia and hopes to bring its spirit and idealism to the United States. Director: Warren Beatty Edit Storyline All Tess Trueheart wants is to settle down to a quiet life with her boyfriend, detective Dick Tracy. But there's something pretty rotten going on in town, with someone pretty rotten behind it, and Tracy has his hands full with the likes of villain Big Boy Caprice and with the almost irresistible Breathless Mahoney. Written by Jeremy Perkins {J-26} Their turf. Their game. Their rules. They didn't count on HIS law... See more  » Genres: 15 June 1990 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: 105 min Sound Mix: 70 mm 6-Track (analog 70 mm prints)| CDS (digital 70 mm prints)| Dolby (35 mm prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Most of the film's "boss" villains debuted in Chester Gould 's comic strip in the 1930s (such as Big Boy, Lips Manlis, Johnny Ramm, Spud Spaldoni, and Texie Garcia). Most of the film's more grotesque "hired hit-man" villains debuted in the 1940s or later (such as Flattop, Itchy, the Brow, and Shoulders). See more » Goofs The yellow 1940 Hudson. All other vehicles are mid-30s. See more » Quotes [first lines] Radio Announcer: Gangland enforcers broke the arms of an elderly newsdealer this afternoon when he refused to share his week's receipts with them. Stacks of newspapers were tossed in the gutter as the thugs wrecked the business and made their getaway. Lunchtime crowds were paralyzed by the suddenness of the crime. Not a hand was raised in protest. Strings Arranged by Shirley Walker Courtesy of Sire Records Why Wait for the Sunday Funnies Section? 12 October 2003 | by pamkirkliz (Chicago) – See all my reviews "Dick Tracy" is one of our family's favorites -- the actors are great -- the art direction is exceptional -- the music is magic. It's not supposed to be "To Kill A Mockingbird" -- it's a fun experience. Stephen Sondhemim's songs are stellar: "Back in Business" is energetic, "Sooner or Later" is just right, "What Can You Lose" is haunting -- even tunes like "Live Alone and Like It" add to the story Got to love the giddily over-the-top performances of Al Pacino, Dustin Hoffman, Glenn Headly, Charlie Korsmo, Mandy Patinkin, James Caan, Dick Van Dyke, supporting villains... The list is far too long. And, yes -- even M


Which was not a medium used by British artist J.M.W.Turner to create his works?

Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775-1851 (J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours) | Tate Self-Portrait c.1799 Tate N00458 Joseph Mallord William Turner was born, it is thought, on 23 April 1775 at 21 Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, the son of William Turner (1745–1829), a barber and wig-maker, and his wife Mary, née Marshall (1739–1804). His father, born in South Molton, Devon, had moved to London around 1770 to follow his own father’s trade. His mother came from a line of prosperous London butchers and shopkeepers. Joseph Mallord William Turner was baptised at the local church, St Paul’s in Covent Garden, on 14 May. A sister, Mary Anne, was born in 1778 but died in 1783, just before her fifth birthday. In 1796 the family moved to 26 Hand Court, on the other side of Maiden Lane (fig.2). Turner remained a Londoner and kept a Cockney accent all his life, avoiding the veneer of social polish acquired by many artists of the time as they climbed the professional ladder. John Wykeham Archer J.M.W. Turner's birthplace in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden 1852 © The Trustees of the British Museum Perhaps because his mother was already showing signs of the mental disturbance for which she was admitted first to St Luke’s Hospital for Lunaticks in Old Street in 1799 and then Bethlem Hospital in 1800, Turner was sent to stay with uncles at Brentford in 1785 and Sunningwell in 1789, and to Margate in 1786 where he also attended school. At home his father encouraged his artistic talent and showed off his drawings in his shop. In December 1789, after a term’s probation, Turner entered the Royal Academy Schools, where he progressed from the Plaister Academy, drawing from casts of ancient sculpture, to the life class in 1792. He augmented his studies with other work experience, with architects and architectural draughtsman including Thomas Malton whom he later described as ‘my real master’, 1 and painting scenery for the London stage – the origin, presumably, of a lifelong love of music and opera. By 1794, with his friend Thomas Girtin, he attended the evening ‘academy’ hosted by Dr Thomas Monro at his house in the Adelphi, copying works by other artists. A specialist in mental illness, Monro would later be responsible for his mother’s care at Bethlem. Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775–1851 View in the Avon Gorge 1791 Pen and ink and watercolour on paper support: 233 x 294 mm Tate D00114 View in the Avon Gorge 1791 Tate D00114 Turner’s varied activities indicate wide interests as well as a need to fund his Academy education. The flourishing market for landscape and antiquarian topography, whether watercolours for exhibition and sale or reproduction in prints and books, provided his first real income. Early trips outside London, including a visit to friends of his father’s at Bristol in 1791, alerted him to the value of sketching on the spot as the basis of studio and commercial work; he seems to have thought of having his views of the Avon Gorge – which won him the nickname ‘Prince of the Rocks’ – published as prints (fig.3). From the mid-1790s he settled on the routine he maintained for much of his life: touring in summer and working in the studio in the winter months, for the following year’s exhibitions, on commissions or for the engraver. The first engravings after his topographical drawings appeared in the Copper-Plate Magazine (1794–8) and the Pocket Magazine (1795–6). Post-revolutionary wars in Europe confined his first tours to home ground; the Midlands in 1794, the North in 1797 and Wales on several occasions up to 1799. In 1801 he visited Scotland. Turner exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1790, showing watercolours until 1796 when he sent his first oil, Fishermen at Sea (Tate T01585 , fig.4), its marine subject signalling wider ambitions as a painter and his refusal to be typecast as a topographer. In the following years his exhibited works diversified into history, literature and myth, challenged the styles of the Old Masters and made rapid advances in technique. While some of his first important commissions wer


What is a common factor in the careers of Giacomo Puccini, Paul McCartney, and Arthur Sullivan?

Music at Torrey Pines High School - StudyBlue StudyBlue Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (Achille-)Claude Debussy The Carnival of the Animals (Charles-)Camille Saint-Saëns The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra (Edward) Benjamin Britten Mass in Time of War (Franz) Joseph Haydn Symphony No. 104 in D major, “London” (Franz) Joseph Haydn (Franz) Joseph Haydn (commonly attributed) Leopold Mozart (now believed) St. Paul Violin Concerto in E Minor (Jakob Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn(-Bartholdy) The Child and the Enchantments (Joseph-)Maurice Ravel Piano Concerto for the Left Hand (Joseph-)Maurice Ravel Pavane for a Dead Princess (Joseph-)Maurice Ravel (Louis-)Hector Berlioz & Léon de Wailly and Henri Auguste Barbier Ride of the Valkyries The Twilight of the Gods (Wilhelm) Richard Wagner The Ring of the Nibelung (Wilhelm) Richard Wagner Symphony for Organ and Orchestra Aaron Copland Fanfare for the Common Man Aaron Copland Take a Chance On Me ABBA And God created great whales Alan Hovhaness I Wonder What the King is Doing Tonight Alan Jay & Frederick Loewe Lerner Little Shop of Horrors In the Steppes of Central Asia Alexandr (Porfiryevich) Borodin I Don't Know How to Love Him Andrew Lloyd Webber Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat Andrew Lloyd Webber The Phantom of the Opera Andrew Lloyd Webber Don't Cry for Me, Argentina Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) Tim Rice (lyrics) Te Deum Symphony No. 9, “From the New World” Antonín (Leopold) Dvorák The Contest Between Harmony and Invention Antonio Vivaldi Three Little Maids from School Arthur Sullivan (music) Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Savoy operas Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Princess Ida Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Iolanthe Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Patience Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Trial by Jury Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) HMS Pinafore Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) The Mikado Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) The Pirates of Penzance Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Tabula Rasa Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta Béla (Viktor János) Bartók Bjorn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson & Tim Rice (lyrics) In the Zone Funeral March of a Marionette Charles Gounod Central Park in the Dark Charles Ives Piano Sonata No. 2, “Concord, Mass., 1840-1860” Charles Ives Three Places in New England Charles Ives Charles Strouse (music) Martin Charnin (lyrics) Voice of an Angel Claude-Michel Schönberg (music) Alain Boublil (French lyrics) and Richard Maltby Jr. (English lyrics) Les Misérables Claude-Michel Schönberg (music) Alain Boublil (lyrics) The Return of Ulysses A Rush of Blood to the Head Coldplay I Get a Kick out of You Cole (Albert) Porter Cole (Albert) Porter (music and lyrics) Kiss Me Kate Cole (Albert) Porter (music and lyrics) Bella and Sam Spewack (libretto) The Creation of the World Darius Milhaud Blue Rondo A La Turk Dave Brubeck Dave Brubeck & Paul Desmond (words) Everyday Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich Symphony No. 13, “Babi Yar” Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich Duncan Sheik (music) Steven Sater (book and lyrics) Undine Piano Concerto in A Minor Edvard (Hagerup) Grieg In the Hall of the Mountain King Edvard (Hagerup) Grieg Land of Hope and Glory Edward (William) Elgar Elton John (music) Tim Rice (lyrics) Encore Three Pieces in the Shape of A Pear Erik (Alfred Leslie) Satie From Under the Cork Tree Fall Out Boy The Dialogues of the Carmelites Francis Poulenc The Fair Maid of the Mill Franz (Peter) Schubert Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel Franz (Peter) Schubert On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring Frederick Delius Frederick Loewe & Alan Jay Lerner (lyrics/libretto) Camelot Frederick Loewe (music) Alan Jay Lerner (lyrics) Fauré Requiem The Daughter of the Regiment Gaetano Donizetti (music) V. de Saint-Georges and F. Bayard (libretto) Hair George Abbott, Jero


"Which all-girl group had hits with ""Whole Again"", ""Eternal Flame"", ""It's OK!"" and ""The Tide Is High (Get the Feeling)""?"

Atomic Kitten - Microsoft Store Atomic Kitten Atomic Kitten 2003 • 12 songs • Pop • Chart • Virgin UK Rather than merely issue Atomic Kitten 's second album a few months after its initial U.K. release date, Virgin U.S. took the opportunity to make the trio's stateside debut a combination of songs from that album (Feels So Good) and 2001's Right Now. This self-titled album came out just after group member Natasha emerged victorious in the U.K.'s 21st Rear of the Year competition. (It's true; look it up.) Both of the U.K. albums represented here fared extremely well in the group's homeland and spawned several Top Ten hits, all of which are included on this. Two numbingly tedious remakes -- one of the Bangles ' "Eternal Flame," another of Blondie 's version of "Tide Is High" -- are balanced by a small clutch of dance-pop songs that rank favorably with any of their American competitors. "Be with You" is the clear-cut best, a glitter-speckled ode to new love that samples ELO 's "Last Train to London." "Right Now," co-written by group mastermind Andy McClusky ( Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark ), is another gushing wave of energy heavily indebted to disco, though it holds the umpteenth use of the "do it to me now" line. Along with a couple decent ballads, Atomic Kitten should be more than enough to win the group some fame in the States. ~ Andy Kellman


Who takes care of animals on a film set?

'Hobbit' Animal Deaths: Up To 27 Die As Wranglers Blame Production Company | The Huffington Post 'Hobbit' Animal Deaths: Up To 27 Die As Wranglers Blame Production Company 11/19/2012 09:17 am ET | Updated Jan 19, 2013 3.6k The Huffington Post/AP By NICK PERRY, THE ASSOCIATED PRESS WELLINGTON, New Zealand -- Animal wranglers involved in the making of "The Hobbit" movie trilogy say the production company is responsible for the deaths of up to 27 animals, largely because they were kept at a farm filled with bluffs, sinkholes and other "death traps." The American Humane Association, which is overseeing animal welfare on the films, says no animals were harmed during the actual filming. But it also says the wranglers' complaints highlight shortcomings in its oversight system, which monitors film sets but not the facilities where the animals are housed and trained. Update: Director Peter Jackson sent the following statement to various press outlets: The producers of The Hobbit take the welfare of all animals very seriously and have always pursued the highest standard of care for animals in their charge. Any incidents that occurred that were brought to their attention as regards to this care were immediately investigated and appropriate action taken. This includes hundreds of thousands of dollars that were spent on upgrading housing and stable facilities in early 2011. The producers completely reject the accusations that twenty seven animals died due to mistreatment during the making of the films. Extraordinary measures were taken to make sure that animals were not used during action sequences or any other sequence that might create undue stress for the animals involved. Over fifty five per cent of all shots using animals in The Hobbit are in fact computer generated; this includes horses, ponies, rabbits, hedgehogs, birds, deer, elk, mice, wild boars, and wolves. The American Humane Association (AHA) was on hand to monitor all use of animals by the production. No animals died or were harmed on set during filming. We regret that some of these accusations by wranglers who were dismissed from the film over a year ago are only now being brought to our attention. We are currently investigating these new allegations and are attempting to speak with all parties involved to establish the truth. The original article continues below. A spokesman for trilogy director Peter Jackson on Monday acknowledged that horses, goats, chickens and one sheep died at the farm near Wellington where about 150 animals were housed for the movies, but he said some of the deaths were from natural causes. The spokesman, Matt Dravitzki, agreed that the deaths of two horses were avoidable, and said the production company moved quickly to improve conditions after they died. "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey," the first movie in the planned $500 million trilogy, is scheduled to launch with a red-carpet premiere Nov. 28 in Wellington and will open at theaters in the U.S. and around the world in December. The animal rights group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals says it's planning protests at the premieres in New Zealand, the U.S. and the U.K. The Associated Press spoke to four wranglers who said the farm near Wellington was unsuitable for horses because it was peppered with bluffs, sinkholes and broken-down fencing. They said they repeatedly raised concerns about the farm with their superiors and the production company, owned by Warner Bros., but it continued to be used. They say they want their story aired publicly now to prevent similar deaths in the future. One wrangler said that over time he buried three horses, as well as about six goats, six sheep and a dozen chickens. The wranglers say two more horses suffered severe injuries but survived. Wrangler Chris Langridge said he was hired as a horse trainer in November 2010, overseeing 50 or so horses, but immediately became concerned that the farm was full of "death traps." He said he tried to fill in some of the sinkholes, made by underground streams, and even brought in his own fences to keep the hors


"Which film contained advice to the eponymous hero to ""phone home"", which then became the 15th best known quote in AFI list of top 100 quotes?"

IMDb: Most Popular People With Biographies Matching "The temptations" Most Popular People With Biographies Matching "The temptations" 1-50 of 175 names. Patricia Clarkson This remarkable, one-of-a-kind actress has, since the early 1990s, intrigued film and TV audiences with her glowing, yet careworn eccentricity and old world-styled glamour. Very much in demand these days as a character player, Patricia Clarkson nevertheless continues to avoid the temptation of money-making mainstream filming while reaping kudos and acting awards in out-of-the-way projects. The New Orleans born-and-bred performer with the given name of Patricia Davies Clarkson was born on December 29, 1959, the daughter of Arthur ("Buzz") Clarkson, a school administrator, and Jacquelyn (Brechtel) Clarkson, a local city politician and councilwoman. Patricia demonstrated an early interest in acting and managed to appear in a few junior high and high school-level plays while growing up. She took her basic college studies at Louisiana State University, studying speech for two years, before transferring to New York's Fordham University and graduating with honors in theatre arts. Accepted into the prestigious Yale School of Drama graduate program, she earned her Master of Fine Arts after gracing a wide range of productions including "Electra," "Pericles," "Twelfth Night", "The Lower Depths," "The Misanthrope," "Pacific Overtures" and "La Ronde". From there she took on New York City where she attracted strong East Coast notice in 1986 for her portrayal of Corrina in "The House of Blue Leaves" and in such other plays as "Eastern Standard" (1988) and "Wolf-Man" (1989). Known for her organic approach to acting, the flaxen-maned actress decided to try out her trademark whiskey voice in Hollywood at age 28, making her movie debut as Mrs. Eliot Ness in Brian De Palma 's The Untouchables starring Kevin Costner . The following years she gained attention for playing Samantha Walker in The Dead Pool where she starred opposite Clint Eastwood 's popular "Dirty Harry" character. Playing supportive, wifely types at the onset, she became a strong contender for character stardom by the mid-to-late 1990s, not only on stage but in the independent film arena. On stage Patricia received impressive notices for her contributions to the plays "Raised in Captivity," "The Ride Down Mt. Morgan," "Three Days of Rain" and, in particular, "The Maiden's Prayer," which nabbed her both Outer Critics Circle and Drama Desk Award nominations. In 2004, she finally enacted the classic part she seemed born to play, that of Southern belle Blanche DuBois in the Kennedy Center production of "A Streetcar Named Desire". She earned glowing notices. On camera she was offered roles of marked diversity. From the heavier dramatics of a film like Pharaoh's Army , she could move deftly into light comedy, courtesy of Neil Simon in the TV-movie London Suite . It was, however, her bleak, convulsive portrayal of Greta, a strung-out, heroin-happy German has-been actress, opposite a resurgent Ally Sheedy in the acclaimed art film High Art that truly put Patricia on the indie map. From this she was handed a silver plate's worth of excitingly offbeat roles. In 2003 alone, Patricia received a special acting prize at the Sundance Film Festival for her superb work in three films: as a somber, grieving artist in The Station Agent , a cold-hearted cancer victim in Pieces of April and a jokey, get-with-it mom in All the Real Girls . She was nominated for a "Supporting Actress" Oscar for the second movie mentioned. On TV Patricia received two Emmys for her recurring guest part as Frances Conroy 's free-spirited sister in the acclaimed black comedy series Six Feet Under . She also received the New York Film Critics Circle and the National Society of Film Critics awards for her supporting work in the gorgeous, 1950s-styled melodrama Far from Heaven , as a prim and proper Stepford-wife and deceptive friend to Julianne Moore . No matter the size, such as her extended cameos in The Green Mile , All the Real Girls , Miracle and El


The first electric what were installed in 1914 in Ohio, USA?

First electric traffic signal installed - Aug 05, 1914 - HISTORY.com First electric traffic signal installed Share this: First electric traffic signal installed Author First electric traffic signal installed URL Publisher A+E Networks The world’s first electric traffic signal is put into place on the corner of Euclid Avenue and East 105th Street in Cleveland, Ohio, on this day in 1914. In the earliest days of the automobile, navigating America’s roads was a chaotic experience, with pedestrians, bicycles, horses and streetcars all competing with motor vehicles for right of way. The problem was alleviated somewhat with the gradual disappearance of horse-drawn carriages, but even before World War I it had become clear that a system of regulations was necessary to keep traffic moving and reduce the number of accidents on the roads. As Christopher Finch writes in his “Highways to Heaven: The AUTO Biography of America” (1992), the first traffic island was put into use in San Francisco, California in 1907; left-hand drive became standard in American cars in 1908; the first center painted dividing line appeared in 1911, in Michigan; and the first “No Left Turn” sign would debut in Buffalo, New York, in 1916. Various competing claims exist as to who was responsible for the world’s first traffic signal. A device installed in London in 1868 featured two semaphore arms that extended horizontally to signal “stop” and at a 45-degree angle to signal “caution.” In 1912, a Salt Lake City, Utah, police officer named Lester Wire mounted a handmade wooden box with colored red and green lights on a pole, with the wires attached to overhead trolley and light wires. Most prominently, the inventor Garrett Morgan has been given credit for having invented the traffic signal based on his T-shaped design, patented in 1923 and later reportedly sold to General Electric. Despite Morgan’s greater visibility, the system installed in Cleveland on August 5, 1914, is widely regarded as the first electric traffic signal. Based on a design by James Hoge, who received U.S. patent 1,251,666 for his “Municipal Traffic Control System” in 1918, it consisted of four pairs of red and green lights that served as stop-go indicators, each mounted on a corner post. Wired to a manually operated switch inside a control booth, the system was configured so that conflicting signals were impossible. According to an article in The Motorist, published by the Cleveland Automobile Club in August 1914: “This system is, perhaps, destined to revolutionize the handling of traffic in congested city streets and should be seriously considered by traffic committees for general adoption.” More on This Topic


What sport was Thierry Sabine, who founded the Paris-Dakar Rally in 1977, most involved with at the time?

The 10 Most Prestigious Events in Motorsport - Demon Tweeks Blog Demon Tweeks Blog   The 10 Most Prestigious Events in Motorsport We’ve been doing some cutting-edge scientific research here at Demon Tweeks recently. We used gas spectrum analysis, a medium-sized particle accelerator and laughed in the face of Newtonian physics to bring you a list of the ten most iconic events in the world of motorsport. We definitely didn’t just pass a list around the office and take votes… Anyway, below is our gift to the world of science in reverse numerical order.  These ten events are so iconic that not only will fans travel thousands of miles to attend them, but they form part of the very fabric of motorsport itself. Enjoy. There are always a few rarities on track at Goodwood! Where else are you likely to get close to this? The Goodwood Festival of Speed’s organisers describe it as “the largest motoring garden party in the world”. Speedhunters talk about an event where there’s “that much on that even four days isn’t enough to take it all in”. Goodwood really does have it all – hillclimb, rally challenge, ‘moving motor show’, Formula 1 teams – if it’s motorsport related, you name it and it’s probably there. The thing that really stands the Festival of Speed apart from the rest of the motorsport crowd though is its relaxed atmosphere. Famous faces circulate throughout the day, rubbing shoulders with the fans. You can walk right up to cars that you’d never usually get within 50ft of at a normal event – as well as watching them run the track. Goodwood also has an element of classic English charm to it that recalls a bygone era of high-octane competition – something bolstered by the fact that it’s held in the grounds of a mahoosive country pile. 9. The Indy 500 Big crowds and big speed – sounds like the Indy 500! You don’t get the best sense of speed from the TV coverage, but trust us – the Indy 500 is pretty fast! Love it or not, Indycar racing is one of the world’s most hotly contested forms of motorsport. The most prestigious event in the Indycar calendar is the Indy 500 (or Indianapolis 500-Mile Race), which has been run since 1911, and which along with the Monaco F1 Grand Prix and 24 Hours of Le Mans is one of the races that form the ‘Triple Crown’ of motorsport. The Triple Crown is a feat that has only ever been achieved by a single driver – the late great Graham Hill. As well as being one of the most important four-wheeled racing events, the Indy 500 is also known as one of the most deadly – with drivers achieving speeds of over 200mph just feet away from the safety barrier. Wilbur Shaw – the president of Indianapolis Motor Speedway from 1945-1954 was the man who gave us the immortal phrase “gentlemen, start your engines”. All of these things point to the illustrious and immovable position of the Indy 500 in the world of motorsport – and show us why the event billed as “The Greatest Spectacle in Racing” is so important. The Mille Miglia is a great place to see exotica of all ages – like this F40 for instance! Photo adapted under Creative Commons courtesy of Flickr user Blosterblu – YT It’s probably safe to say that Chris Harris enjoyed the Mille Miglia! The Mille Miglia or ‘thousand miles’ (hint: the ‘g’ is silent!) is one of the world’s most famous road races. Well it would be if it was still a race, anyway. Unfortunately, following a number of fatalities, the race was banned in 1957. An event called the Mille Miglia still runs annually in Italy – although the thousand miles are driven mostly at legal speeds, and the event is not a race. The majority of cars that ‘compete’ in the Mille Miglia are… extremely expensive. The Chris Harris video we’ve linked above shows millions of pounds worth of vintage Jaguar and Mercedes metal being driven as the makers intended (although definitely not racing at any point!). To an extent, the Mille Miglia might be considered a bit of a money parade – but it’s also something else. This event is one of the few where you can see glorious old exotica not only being driven, but being driven on the road


Hamlet in the play of the same name was a Prince of which country?

Hamlet: The Character Hamlet: The Character   HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Jones, Baudelaire. "Hamlet: The Character." Hamlet Prince of Denmark. 2 May, 2012. <http://www.hamlet-shakespeare.com/characters/hamlet-character.html> The protagonist of Shakespeare's greatest tragedy, and perhaps the grandest creation of his unparalleled genius, Hamlet has stymied critics for centuries with the complexity and apparent contradictions of his enigmatic character. Is he mentally unstable, as some critics believe, a suicidal youth driven to the brink of madness by the foul revelations of his ghostly father -- or is he merely "mad in craft" as he himself suggests in the interview with his mother? Is he a habitual procrastinator incapable of any meaningful action -- or a brash and sadistic spirit of vengeance who reigns in his impulsive nature, delays his vengeance until a moment when Claudius, caught in an act that "has no relish of salvation in't," will pay the steepest price for his transgressions? Trickster or philosopher? Dreamer or realist? Lovesick puppy or callous manipulator? Pawn of the Devil or Heaven's divine scourge and minister? The list of questions is almost endless, and no two scholars seem to agree precisely on the same set of answers. Inscrutable as the Sphinx, Hamlet guards his secrets jealously, presents a riddle that not only his fellow dramatis personae, but also playgoers for centuries have been unable to crack. He is the beloved prince of Denmark, that much is certain, popular with the general population "who, dipping all his faults in their affection, would, like the spring that turneth wood to stone, convert his gyves to graces." He is the son of the late King Hamlet and reigning Queen Gertrude, and nephew to the usurper, King Claudius, but beyond this few critics seem capable of any consensus. One authority compiles a list of the prince's inconsistencies: Hamlet, as a character, was notorious as an example of the union of the most incompatible qualities: impetuous, tho' philosophical; sensible of injury, yet timid of resentment; shrewd, yet void of policy; full of filial piety, yet tame under oppression; boastful in expression, undetermined in action ... [ 1 ] Another refers to Hamlet as: ... a sort of double person; one which, covered with the darkness of its imagination, looks not forth into the world, nor takes any concern in vulgar objects or frivolous pursuits; another, which he lends, as it were, to ordinary men, which can accommodate itself to their tempers and manners, and indulge, without feeling any degradation from the indulgence, a smile with the cheerful, and a laugh with the giddy. [ 2 ] This second analysis implies a certain insincerity in the young prince, as if he connivingly employs a different mask for each encounter, choosing a character as one might choose a necktie, to suit the occasion. There may be some truth to this analogy, but it does not necessarily brand him as a conscious schemer, for we all show a different face from time to time, and such subtle shifts in character are not always consciously deployed. Hamlet, however, wears so many different masks, some of them necessarily false, and changes his disguise so frequently, that his true nature, not to mention his intent from moment to moment, is sometimes difficult to decipher. In the company of King Claudius and Queen Gertrude, he is a brooding youth, unbalanced by the death of his father. In the presence of Horatio, he transforms into a warm, if still troubled, friend. Alone with the ghost, he swears himself the avenger of injustice who "with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love" will sweep to his revenge. With Polonius he degenerates into a trader of shallow witticisms, with Ophelia the frustrated (and then abusive) lover, with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern a paranoid schizophrenic and conspiracy theorist, with Laertes an over-competetive swordsman, with the players a theatre enthusiast, and so on and so forth until the end of the play when he lays dying and bemoans his "wounded name, things standing thus unknown."


"Who wrote the aria ""O mio babbino caro""?"

Angela GHEORGHIU - O mio babbino caro - G Schicchi - Puccini - YouTube Angela GHEORGHIU - O mio babbino caro - G Schicchi - Puccini Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on May 6, 2007 Angela Gheorghiu sings the aria "O mio babbino caro", from Puccini's opera 'Gianni Schicchi' (Queen Beatrix of The Netherlands Silver Jubilee Concert in Amsterdam, April 29th, 2005) Category


"Who wrote the ""Outlander"" series of novels, in which the heroine, Claire Randall, travels in time?"

Outlander, 1991, First Edition: diana gabaldon: Amazon.com: Books Outlander, 1991, First Edition Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Next Editorial Reviews Outlander (published in the United Kingdom as Cross Stitch) is the first in a series of eight historical multi-genre novels by Diana Gabaldon. Published in 1991, it focuses on 20th century nurse Claire Randall, who time travels to 18th century Scotland and finds adventure and romance with the dashing Jamie Fraser.[1] A mix of several genres, the Outlander series features elements of historical fiction, romance, adventure and science fiction/fantasy.[1] Outlander won the Romance Writers of America's RITA Award for Best Romance of 1991.[2] A television adaptation of the Outlander series premiered on Starz in the US on August 9, 2014.[3] Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . New York Times best sellers Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more Product Details Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.6 x 1.1 inches Shipping Weight: 1.6 pounds Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #600,028 in Books ( See Top 100 in Books ) Customer Reviews By A Customer on July 28, 2000 Format: Mass Market Paperback Verified Purchase WHEN WAS THE LAST TIME YOU COMPLETELY LOST YOUR HEART TO A BOOK? Well, look no further. Diana Gabaldon has created the ultimate escape in Outlander. Don't let the 850 pages dissuade you. It's the fastest read you'll ever have. The epic tale begins when Claire Randall, a young combat nurse in World War II, moves to Scotland with her beloved husband to reignite their marriage interrupted by the war. Hiking one day, Claire accidentally passes through the stones of an ancient stone circle and wakes up to find herself in 18th century Scotland. Lost, alone, and confused (yet determined), Claire's path crosses, and is inextricably linked to, a young Highland warrior... James Fraser. (The kind of man women want, and men want to BE.) The story that ensues would make Shakespeare proud-- danger, suspense, passion, betrayal, true love and tragedy. Gabaldon is a master storyteller. She shrouds her fantasy in just enough reality as to completely seduce her readers. The time travel element as well as the romance, while unconventional for a "serious" historical novel, are handled brilliantly by Gabaldon. That said, this book is not for the faint of heart as the author tackles themes of a violent and sexual nature. However, the story is so realistic and beautifully told that it doesn't come off as a ploy to shock readers. Well-crafted and meticulously researched, Outlander is historical fiction at its finest... and so much fun! The hero and heroine come alive. You'll find yourself living and breathing in their world, anxiously devouring each chapter. WARNING: have the next three books in the series handy. Once you turn the last page of Outlander, you won't want to return to the 21st century. I couldn't get to the bookstore fast enough. And, Gabaldon does not disappoint...


An computer game first released in 1993 and drawing inspiration from Rube Goldberg devices, or Heath Robinson or Storm P thinking, is what?

Rube Goldberg Device - TV Tropes Rube Goldberg Device You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share YMMV Pure Simplicity. note As you raise spoonful of soup (A) to your mouth it pulls string (B), thereby jerking ladle (C) which throws cracker (D) past parrot (E). Parrot jumps after cracker and perch (F) tilts, upsetting seeds (G) into pail (H). Extra weight in pail pulls cord (I), which opens and lights automatic cigar lighter (J), setting off sky-rocket (K) which causes sickle (L) to cut string (M) and allow pendulum with attached napkin to swing back and forth thereby wiping off your chin. After the meal, substitute a harmonica for the napkin and you'll be able to entertain the guests with a little music. Spencer: Hey, come check out my automatic fish feeder! I'm making it a lot more complicated than it needs to be! Freddy: Why? Spencer: Because it's fun! — iCarly explains how 90% of all these contraptions come to be One small thing happens, causing something else to happen, causing something else to happen, causing something else to happen, and so on until after all of that, something (usually quite trivial, like turning on a shower) happens. The joke is that it would have been easier to just turn on the shower than set it all up. Essentially it's a Zany Scheme performed by a machine. The name is taken from the drawings by American cartoonist Rube Goldberg, which had a ridiculously complicated sequence of events to do something as trivial as giving someone a back scrub. Obviously, this is different from a traditional invention in that it gives a complicated solution to a simple problem, not the other way around. This device is also known as a Heath Robinson contraption in Britain (after cartoonist William Heath Robinson whose ideas came before Goldberg), or a Pythagoras switch (ピタゴラスイッチ) in Japan, among other terms used around the world. As with the Unspoken Plan Guarantee , the efficacy of a planned contraption is generally inversely proportional to the amount of its workings known to the audience. Necro Non Sequitur is often an example of this. Compare Disaster Dominoes , and Butterfly of Doom . The Chessmaster is often responsible for these, either for fun or as part of the plot. Gambit Roulette is the using the same principle when compared to plans of some kind . If the contraption is lethal, then it's safe to say that Rube Goldberg Hates Your Guts . Awesome, but Impractical and Mundane Made Awesome are in full play here since many things they do are easily done by hand but they look damn cool! You can read more under Rube-Goldberg Machine This commercial for the Honda Accord: Apart from merging footage from two shots, there's no CGI involved (although they did have to cheat to get the tires to roll up the ramp by putting weights inside them). Three Accords were cannibalized for the commercial. Parodied in this 118 118 ad . The most expensive advertisement ever produced, for those of you who are interested. And parodied brilliantly by this Pot Noodle ad. commercial for the Diabetes drug Invokana.     Board Games  Fish Bait     Comic Books  In an issue of Exiles , the titular team's mission was to buy a danish. Buying said danish led to a sequence of events that thwarted an alien invasion. If any character in The Beano or The Dandy invents a machine, it will invariably be made out of bits of 2x4 sloppily nailed together, knotted together bits of string, old bicycle wheels and anything else that was lying around in the shed. A Wellington boot on a stick is often part of the design, regardless of the machine's intended function. In the Italian comic book Cattivik once was published a story that consisted of just the workings of a gargantuan Robinson Goldberg Contraption. It was the basis for a "Spy Vs. Spy" episode in issue 506 of Mad (published in 2010). In Violine , the mansion has one at the front door which washes and clothes anyone who comes in, due to its germophobic inhabitant.     Films - Animated  In Toy Story 3 , when the toys try to escape from the Caterpillar room, they employ


Frida Kahlo, famous for her paintings, many of them self-portraits, was married to which other artist?

Frida Kahlo Biography Frida Kahlo Biography Self Portrait With Necklace Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderon, as her name appears on her birth certificate was born on July 6, 1907 in the house of her parents, known as La Casa Azul (The Blue House), in Coyoacan. At the time, this was a small town on the outskirts of Mexico City. Her father, Guillermo Kahlo (1872-1941), was born Carl Wilhelm Kahlo in Pforzheim, Germany. He was the son of the painter and goldsmith Jakob Heinrich Kahlo and Henriett E. Kaufmann. Kahlo claimed her father was of Jewish and Hungarian ancestry, but a 2005 book on Guillermo Kahlo, Fridas Vater (Schirmer/Mosel, 2005), states that he was descended from a long line of German Lutherans. Wilhelm Kahlo sailed to Mexico in 1891 at the age of nineteen and, upon his arrival, changed his German forename, Wilhelm, to its Spanish equivalent, 'Guillermo'. During the late 1930s, in the face of rising Nazism in Germany, Frida acknowledged and asserted her German heritage by spelling her name, Frieda (an allusion to "Frieden", which means "peace" in German). Frida's mother, Matilde Calderon y Gonzalez, was a devout Catholic of primarily indigenous, as well as Spanish descent. Frida's parents were married shortly after the death of Guillermo's first wife during the birth of her second child. Although their marriage was quite unhappy, Guillermo and Matilde had four daughters, with Frida being the third. She had two older half sisters. Frida once remarked that she grew up in a world surrounded by females. Throughout most of her life, however, Frida remained close to her father. The Mexican Revolution began in 1910 when Kahlo was three years old. Later, however, Kahlo claimed that she was born in 1910 so people would directly associate her with the revolution. In her writings, she recalled that her mother would usher her and her sisters inside the house as gunfire echoed in the streets of her hometown, which was extremely poor at the time. Occasionally, men would leap over the walls into their backyard and sometimes her mother would prepare a meal for the hungry revolutionaries. Kahlo contracted polio at age six, which left her right leg thinner than the left, which Kahlo disguised by wearing long skirts. It has been conjectured that she also suffered from spina bifida, a congenital disease that could have affected both spinal and leg development. As a girl, she participated in boxing and other sports. In 1922, Kahlo was enrolled in the Preparatoria, one of Mexico's premier schools, where she was one of only thirty-five girls. Kahlo joined a gang at the school and fell in love with the leader, Alejandro Gomez Arias. During this period, Kahlo also witnessed violent armed struggles in the streets of Mexico City as the Mexican Revolution continued. Career as painter Self Portrait 1932 After the accident, Frida Kahlo turned her attention away from the study of medicine to begin a full-time painting career. The accident left her in a great deal of pain while she recovered in a full body cast; she painted to occupy her time during her temporary state of immobilization. Her self-portraits became a dominant part of her life when she was immobile for three months after her accident. Frida Kahlo once said, "I paint myself because I am often alone and I am the subject I know best". Her mother had a special easel made for her so she could paint in bed, and her father lent her his box of oil paints and some brushes. Drawing on personal experiences, including her marriage, her miscarriages, and her numerous operations, Kahlo's works often are characterized by their stark portrayals of pain. Of her 143 paintings, 55 are self-portraits which often incorporate symbolic portrayals of physical and psychological wounds. She insisted, "I never painted dreams. I painted my own reality". Kahlo was deeply influenced by indigenous Mexican culture, which is apparent in her use of bright colors and dramatic symbolism. She frequently included the symbolic monkey. In Mexican mythology, monkeys are symbols of lust, yet Kahlo portrayed them as


If the participants in a game have just completed a rubber what game was it?

The Bridge World     If you are keeping score, points received by your side are entered in the "We" column and the opponents' points are placed in the "They" column. The innocent-looking horizontal line in the middle of the score sheet is of extreme importance because only scores below the line count towards games, those valuable things that are necessary to win the rubber. When the declarer fulfills the contract, the points for tricks bid and made are registered below the line. All other scores, such as bonuses, penalties for failing to make a contract, and extra tricks above the minimum needed to make a contract (overtricks), are placed above the line. If declarer is successful and makes the contract (takes at least the number of tricks contracted for), the score is determined by the table shown below. Points are never counted for the first six nicks (book), so all scoring is given in terms of odd tricks, tricks in excess of the first six. Contract Clubs or diamonds 20 points per trick As you can see, tricks are worth the most in notrump and the least in the minor suits. The reason that only tricks bid for and made are scored below the line is to reward accuracy and penalize errors during the bidding. Remember that in order to score a game you must get 100 points below the line. Let's see how that fiendish horizontal line works in practice by looking at a few examples: 1. You bid two clubs and take eight tricks. You have made your contract, so you score 40 points below the line (20 for each odd trick). You have not made a game, which would require 100 points below the line, but you do have a start towards one; as you did exactly what you promised (took eight tricks with clubs as trumps), all of your points count towards game. Since you have scored part of a game, this result is called a part-score or partial. WE     2. You bid one heart and take nine tricks, so you have made your contract with two extra tricks to boot. Only tricks contracted for during the bidding are scored below the line; you bid only one heart and therefore score just 30 points below the line. The 60 points for the two overtricks are placed above the line and do not count towards game(100 points below the line). This is not a major disaster, however, for even if you had bid three hearts and taken the same nine tricks you would have scored only 90 points below the line--a greater total, to be sure, but still not a game. And the 60 points above the line count towards your final score. WE     3. You bid two notrump and take eleven tricks. You score 70 points below the line (40 for the first odd trick at notrump, and 30 for each additional trick) and 90 points above the line for the three overtricks. This is perhaps a most unfortunate result! Had you been less conservative during the bidding and gone on to three notrump, then made the same eleven tricks, you would have made a game, scoring 100 points below the line (and 60 points above the line). As it is, you have settled for a part-score--useful, but not nearly so good as a game. WE     4. You bid four hearts and take ten tricks. You score 120 points below the line--game! The horizontal line drawn underneath your score signifies a completed game. A line was not drawn under the part-score results in the preceding examples because game had not been finished, and it is possible to score a game by combining the results of two or more part-scores into a total of 100 or more points. However, you must "complete" a part-score before the opponents score a game. When a game is scored, a new horizontal line is drawn and both sides start over in quest of game. Thus, if one side scores a game, the value of the other's part-score towards a game is cancelled (though the points remain on the score sheet). We'll see an example of "killing a part-score" in the sample rubber later on. WE     A side that has already scored one game is said to be vulnerable (otherwise it is not vulnerable, or nonvulnerable). Bidding and making four hearts, as in this example, makes your side vulnerable. 5. You bid four spades and take nin


Basil Pesto Recipe : Food Network Kitchen : Food Network 2/3 cup extra-virgin olive oil, divided Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste 1/2 cup freshly grated Pecorino cheese Directions Watch how to make this recipe. Combine the basil, garlic, and pine nuts in a food processor and pulse until coarsely chopped. Add 1/2 cup of the oil and process until fully incorporated and smooth. Season with salt and pepper. If using immediately, add all the remaining oil and pulse until smooth. Transfer the pesto to a large serving bowl and mix in the cheese. If freezing, transfer to an air-tight container and drizzle remaining oil over the top. Freeze for up to 3 months. Thaw and stir in cheese. Copyright 2003 Television Food Network, G.P. All rights reserved Recipe courtesy of Food Network Kitchens CATEGORIES:


What satirical musical by Kyle Jarrow about L. Ron Hubbard that pokes fun at his science fiction writing and personal beliefs, was originally presented in 2003 in New York City by Les Freres Corbusier (winning an Obie Award) and received a Garland Award for the director for the 2004 Los Angeles production?

A Very Merry Unauthorized Children's Scientology Pageant - iSnare Free Encyclopedia A Very Merry Unauthorized Children's Scientology Pageant A Very Merry Unauthorized Children's Scientology Pageant Poster from 2007 Philadelphia production Music A concept by Alex Timbers Productions 2004 Obie Award A Very Merry Unauthorized Children's Scientology Pageant is a satirical musical about Scientology and L. Ron Hubbard , written by Kyle Jarrow from a concept by Alex Timbers , the show's original director. Jarrow based the story of the one-act, one-hour musical on Hubbard's writings and Church of Scientology literature. The musical follows the life of Hubbard as he develops Dianetics and then Scientology. Though the musical pokes fun at Hubbard's science fiction writing and personal beliefs, it has been called a "deadpan presentation" of his life story. [1] Topics explored in the piece include Dianetics, the E-meter , Thetans , and the story of Xenu . The show was originally presented in 2003 in New York City by Les Freres Corbusier, an experimental theater troupe, enjoying sold-out Off-Off-Broadway and Off-Broadway productions. Later productions have included Los Angeles , New York, Boston , Atlanta , Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. Early in the production of the musical, the president of the Church of Scientology in New York sent a letter to the producer pointing out the Church's history of litigation . This led Timbers and Jarrow to insert the word "Unauthorized" into the title, upon the advice of legal counsel. During the Los Angeles production, representatives of the Church of Scientology visited the production staff in the midst of rehearsals and handed out documentation of successful litigation against critics of Scientology . Parents of some of the Los Angeles cast members also received phone calls from Scientologists in the entertainment industry, asking them not to allow their children to perform in the musical. A Very Merry Unauthorized Children's Scientology Pageant has been well received. The 2003 New York production received an Obie Award , and director Alex Timbers received a Garland Award for the 2004 Los Angeles production. The musical also received positive reviews in the press. The New York Times characterized it as a " cult-hit ", and The Village Voice , The Los Angeles Times and The Guardian all gave it favorable reviews. Variety and The Boston Globe had kind words for the updated 2006 edition. A 2004 cast recording released by Sh-K-Boom Records received four out of five stars from Allmusic and plaudits from The Los Angeles Daily News . Contents 9 External links Background Alex Timbers developed the concept and directed the play, while Kyle Jarrow wrote the accompanying book, music, and lyrics. [2] Timbers and Jarrow were classmates together at Yale University . [3] The script for the play is published by Samuel French, Inc. [4] Jarrow was motivated to write the script by what he saw as a shift in religious teachings – from an old model involving hell and retribution, to a new system of thought promising money or peace. [5] Jarrow commented on Timbers' idea of using children to tell a story about Scientology: "I did a lot of work on cults in college, and what I learned is that they sort of turn you into a child by appealing to that part of you that wants to be taken care of and given answers. And so it all began to make sense to me." [6] He said Scientology would be "an especially interesting topic for a theater piece" because of its criticism of psychiatry , relative newness compared to Buddhism, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, and practice of requiring "that the follower take courses which cost significant amounts of money." [7] Jarrow's script was "almost entirely based on Hubbard's own writings and the church's literature", [8] though Jarrow was also influenced by critical journalistic accounts. [9] He also drew on the "awkward woodenness of Christmas pageants — the fact that children are often made to say large words that don't sound natural coming out of their mouths." [7] Timbers said they chose t


"At the awards for ""The Best of the Booker"", a special prize awarded in commemoration of the Booker Prize's 40th anniversary, it was noted that two authors had won the Booker twice, J.M. Coetzee and who else?"

Matilda: Awards Archives 2012 Victorian Premier's Literary Awards Winners By Perry Middlemiss on October 18, 2012 8:51 PM | No TrackBacks The winners of the 2012 Victorian Premier's Literary Awards were announced in Melbourne a day or so back.  The winners were: Victorian Prize for Literature The Biggest Estate on Earth by Bill Gammage Vance Palmer Prize for Fiction Foal's Bread by Gillian Mears Nettie Palmer Prize for Non-Fiction The Biggest Estate on Earth by Bill Gammage Prize for Writing for Young Adults The Shadow Girl by John Larkin CJ Dennis Prize for Poetry Armour by John Kinsella Louis Esson Prize for Drama A Golem Story by Lally Katz People's Choice Award National Interest by Aiden Fennessy You can read the full shortlists here .  2012 Man Booker Prize Winner By Perry Middlemiss on October 18, 2012 7:12 AM | No TrackBacks Hilary Mantel has been named as the winner of the 2012 Man Booker Prize for her novel Bring Up the Bodies. In the process Mantel has achieved a number of milestones: she is only the third author to win the prize twice (following J.M. Coetzee and Peter Carey), the first woman and the first British author to do so.  She also becomes the first to win for a sequel to another winner.  She previously won the award in 2009 for Wolf Hall. You can read about the shortlisted novels here . By Perry Middlemiss on September 19, 2012 12:20 PM | No TrackBacks The winners of the 2012 Western Australian Premier's Book Awards have been announced . The winners were: Justice: A History of the Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia, Fiona Skyring Children's Literature Sam, Grace and the Shipwreck, Michelle Gillespie, illustrated by Sonia Martinez Fiction All That I Am, Anna Funder Scripts Cloudstreet - Three-part TV miniseries adaptation, Tim Winton & Ellen Fontana Non-Fiction Her Father's Daughter, Alice Pung Young Adult Fiction Only Ever Always, Penni Russon Poetry All That I Am, Anna Funder Premier's Prize 2012 Colin Roderick Award Shortlist By Perry Middlemiss on September 18, 2012 8:45 PM | No TrackBacks The shortlists for the 2012 Colin Roderick Award have been released.  Thos award recognises 'the best book published in Australia which deals with any aspect of Australian life', and is open to books published in the previous year in all fields, including works of fiction, non-fiction and poetry. The shortlisted works are: The Sons of Clovis: Ern Malley, Adoré Floupette and a Secret History of Australian Poetry, David Brooks Alexander Macleay: from Scotland to Sydney, Derelie Cherry The Taste of River Water, Cate Kennedy An Eye for Eternity: The Life of Manning Clark, Mark McKenna End of the Night Girl, Amy Matthews Bite Your Tongue, Francesca Rendle-Short The winner will be announced on October 19. 2012 Man Booker Prize Shortlist By Perry Middlemiss on September 12, 2012 9:12 PM | No TrackBacks The shortlist for the 2012 Man Booker Prize has been released .  I don't think this prize needs much introduction these days, so the novels on the list are: Tan Twan Eng, The Garden of Evening Mists (Myrmidon Books) Deborah Levy, Swimming Home (And Other Stories/Faber & Faber) Hilary Mantel, Bring up the Bodies (Fourth Estate) Alison Moore, The Lighthouse (Salt) Will Self, Umbrella (Bloomsbury) Jeet Thayil, Narcopolis (Faber & Faber) With only one author having been shortlisted previously (Mantel) and only one winner (again Mantel) it's a fresh look at the novel.  No Australians.  But there weren't any on the longlist either. The winner will be announced on Tuesday 16 October. 2012 Melbourne Prize for Literature By Perry Middlemiss on September 10, 2012 3:33 PM | No TrackBacks The finalists for the 2012 Melbourne Prize for Literature were recently released . "The Melbourne Prize for Literature 2012 is part of the annual Melbourne Prize cycle and is run by the Melbourne Prize Trust." The Prize is awarded each year and cycles through the fields of Urban Sculpture, Literature and Music. The finalists are: 2012 John Button Prize Winners By Perry Middlemiss on September 6, 2012 2:36 PM | No TrackBacks A co


The coldest temperature recorded in Canada was -63 C (-81.4 F) on 3 February 1947; where was it?

News - Coldest places on Earth: From Vostok Station to Montana - The Weather Network Where does Canada rank? Not #1 right? Coldest places on Earth: From Vostok Station to Montana Don't miss Search by city or zip code Michael Carter Meteorologist Sunday, February 14, 2016, 8:00 - Mention the coldest places on Earth and it will evoke visions of the vast, frozen tundra, where most people dare not visit, let alone live. While this may be true, there exist several places on the planet - some even bordering populated cities and towns - that annually succumb to winter’s blast to qualify as some of the coldest places ever recorded. In the list below, The Weather Network meteorologist Michael Carter identifies 10 of these locales, including some that may surprise you. Iroquois Falls, Ontario, Canada | Map It A town of about 5,000 people on the banks of the Abitibi River in northern Ontario, Iroquois Falls holds the record for the lowest temperature ever recorded in Ontario, and the fifth lowest ever recorded in Canada of -72.9°F on January 23, 1935. Dras, India | Map It The coldest place in India, even though it is on the same latitude as Los Angeles, California. Dras's cold temperatures are due to its altitude of over 9843 ft. The official temperature record is -29°F on March 22, 1911, but temperatures reportedly have reached as low as -49°F. Kittilä, Finland | Map It Located in Finland north of the Arctic Circle, Kittilä is a ski resort and gold mining town. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Europe (outside of Russia) was -60.7°F on January 28 of 1999. Ifrane, Morocco | Map It A popular ski resort located in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, Ifrane is the coldest place in Africa. The all-time low temperature of -11.7°F was recorded on February 11, 1935. San Juan Province, Argentina | Map It The coldest temperature ever recorded in South America was -38.2°F at Valle de los Platos Superior in the San Juan Province of Argentina. The San Juan Province contains the frigid 19,685 ft. peaks of the Andes Mountains as well as arid plains which frequently experience hot, dry downslope winds similar to a Chinook, but there knows as Zonda. Rogers Pass, Montana, United States | Map It The coldest place in the US (outside of Alaska) is Rogers Pass, Montana, a high mountain pass on the Continental Divide located at an elevation of 5610 ft. The temperature fell to -70.6°F on January 20, 1954. Snag, Yukon, Canada | Map It The coldest place in Canada is Snag, Yukon, where the temperature fell to -83.02°F on February 3, 1947. At the time the record was set, the Toronto Globe and Mail noted that "The only reason the men didn't celebrate was that all the alcohol at the station was in the thermometer and that was nearly frozen." North Ice, Greenland | Map It A remote research station operated in northern Greenland by the British North Greenland Expedition recorded the all-time lowest temperature in North America of -87°F on January 9, 1954. Oymyakon, Russia | Map It The coldest regularly inhabited place on earth, is Oymyakon, Russia, where the temperature reached -89.9°F on February 6, 1933. Only Antarctica has ever recorded colder temperatures. The average temperature for the months of December, January, and February is regularly below -58°F, and there has never been a recorded temperature above 32°F between October 25 and March 17. Vostok Station, Antarctica: The coldest place on earth | Map It Vostok is a Russian research station in Antarctica. The lowest temperature recorded there is also the lowest temperature ever recorded on earth: -128.6°F on July 21, 1983. This is well below the freezing point of the carbon dioxide in the air itself. Vostok also recorded a wind chill of -191.2°F on August 4, 2005. (Photo Credit: Wikipedia ) Don't miss


Landtasia Organic Farms Landtasia Organic Farms Know Your Cuts Know Your Cuts Below you will find a brief orientation to the characteristics of each of the prime sections of beef and the typical cuts and uses that come from those sections. While the explanation describes multiple uses for each prime section, such as roast, steaks and mince, generally you should only expect one or perhaps two such choices coming from one prime section.  For example, if you want the Rib section to be cut into Scotch Fillet steaks, then the butcher would not be able to get any standing roasts from that section, and vica versa. This is because the steaks and the roast come from the same meat.  One simple way to remember this is to keep in mind that steaks are just slices of roasts that are cooked separately. Mince and sausage meat utilise the small cuts of meat from all sections that are trimmed off to make a steak or roast take on their familiar shapes.  In addition, customers generally prefer for the butcher to mince some of the tougher portions of meat, such as the flank, as their families would prefer meatloaves, rissoles, and tasty sausages to chewy meat.     Rolled Brisket & Diced Brisket is traditionally used for corned beef, pastrami or rolled Brisket and is best prepared with moist heat. Brisket’s suitable preparation methods include stewing, braising and pot-roasting.  Flank is lean and very flavorful meat located below the Sirloin section. Flank is used to make the classic London Broil and is also primarily used for minute steaks and rolled flank steaks. It can also be used well for kebabs.  Often it is minced for lean and tasty sausage meat. Mince & Sausage Meat – the Brisket and Chuck prime sections generally contribute the majority of Landtasia’s mince and sausage meats. Unless requested otherwise, we include some of the natural Chuck collagen in the lean mince so that it retains some of the juiciness and flavour that people expect in a great hamburger or meatloaf, even if they are cutting down on fat in their diet.     Oyster Blade Steak and Chuck Steak Both Blade and Chuck come from the forequarter and are strong muscle groups. Blade is the tenderer of the two, but happily for Chuck, it favourably contains collagen connective tissues, which melts during cooking, making the meat intensely flavourful. Cuts from these sections benefit from slow, wet cooking methods like stewing, braising or pot-roasting, although both can also make a good steak if marinated or wet-aged and then barbequed. • Blade Bolar Roast — a cut which lies next to the ribs; tenderer than most Blade; makes an excellent roast. Alternatively, the roast can be cut into cross-cut Blade steaks, or strips for stir-fry dishes. • Chuck Steak and Diced — as well as a good slow roaster, Chuck is a good choice diced for kebabs, casseroles, and pot pie dishes. As a steak it can be tender enough to grill or broil, provided that you marinate it overnight first.  • Mince & Sausage Meat – the Chuck and Brisket prime sections generally contribute the majority of Landtasia’s mince and sausage meats.         Eye Fillet and Eye Fillet Centre Cut The loin yields the most tender and valued cuts of beef. Cuts from the loin require very little work to taste great. Indeed, steak lovers consider it almost a sacrilege to marinate them or to cook them beyond medium rare. The average young steer or heifer provides no more than 1.2-1.6 kg of fillet.  Because the muscle is non-weight bearing, it receives very little exercise, which makes it very tender. The tenderloin runs along either side of the spine and is usually harvested as a long cut of beef. The short choicest portion is exquisitely tender and lean. The top loin and Sirloin are less buttery, but they're a bit more flavourful. The tenderloin is sometimes ordered whole. If the short end of the tenderloin is cut into portions before cooking, that portion is known as Fillet Mignon, or fillet, from the French boneless meat (mignon meaning "small"). The fillet can be cut into 1.5 - 2.5 cm thick portions, then grilled and served as-is. H


Which one of these people is most associated with heat treatment of milk?

Milk-Borne Infectious Diseases From Microbes By Ingrid Koo, PhD Updated September 24, 2016 It’s the first food we taste. It’s in pasta sauces, candies, pastries, custards, cheeses, yogurts, and ice cream. Milk is arguably one of the most versatile ingredients among cooks and a staple in most households. However, as an animal product that is full of nutrients, there are several infectious diseases associated with microbe-contaminated milk and milk products. The good news is that most of these microbes are killed by pasteurization, and so in reality, infections due to milk and cheese are pretty rare -- but still possible. This is why we pasteurize milk. How Does Cow’s Milk Get Contaminated? Just like all people carry microbes, all animals do as well. Sometimes the microbes that cows carry can be a problem. Some dairy cows spend much of their time grazing in pastures, where they come in contact with a variety of environmental microbes. In other cases, cows are confined to buildings, where in more crowded conditions bacteria can grow and spread from cow to cow. In addition, many microbes that are “commensal” organisms (that co-exist with cows without causing disease) may be considered human pathogens. Dairy processing facilities have many routes for the entry of contaminating microbes. First, as a nutrient-rich liquid, milk provides an ideal environment for microbial growth. Second, dairy processing plants are full of areas where “foot traffic” from employees can be accompanied by microbes. Infectious Microbes Found in Cow’s Milk Bacillus cereus: These bacteria produce a toxin that can cause diarrhea and another that causes vomiting. Bacillus cereus spores are heat-resistant and may survive pasteurization. There have even been very rare cases linked to dried milk and dried infant formula. Brucella: Brucella is a bacterial microbe that is found in unpasteurized dairy products. Brucella infection, or Brucellosis, has also been called “Undulant Fever” because of the regular recurrence of fever associated with the disease. Campylobacter jejuni: Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacteria to cause diarrheal disease in the U.S. and is found in raw milk and poultry. It has an increased chance of causing disease when consumed in milk, because the basic pH of milk neutralizes the acidity of the stomach. Coxiella burnetii: Coxiella infects a variety of animals, including livestock and pets. The microbe can be found in cow’s milk and is resistant to heat and drying. Infection by Coxiella results in Q fever, a high fever that may last up to 2 weeks. E. coli O157:H7: This particular strain of E. coli has been associated with a number of food-borne outbreaks and is the cause of bloody diarrhea. Frequently associated with dairy cattle, microbial contamination of raw milk and soft cheeses can result in disease. Listeria monocytogenes : Listeria is a common bacterial pathogen that is found in soft cheeses and unpasteurized milk. It can even survive below freezing temperatures and can therefore withstand refrigeration. It is particularly dangerous to individuals who have weakened immune systems, including pregnant women, AIDS patients, and the very young and very old. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: This strain of mycobacteria can withstand pasteurization and has been associated with the development of Crohn’s disease, also known as inflammatory bowel syndrome. However, whether or not these bacteria can actually infect humans remains controversial. Mycobacterium: The cause of “consumption,” a horrific wasting disease that first affects the lungs, Mycobacterium bovis is associated with consumption of raw milk and was one of the most common contaminants prior to the practice of pasteurization. It's like the tuberculosis (or TB) we have now, but a different bacteria but related bacteria causes it. This type of TB is something we don't see much of any more because of work to make sure cows don't carry or spread it to us. M. bovis causes tuberculosis in cows and can be passed to humans via unpasteurized cow's milk, causing a


Whose germ theory led to his devising a means to heat-treat milk to reduce disease?

Everything You Know Is Wrong: Germ Theory of Disease Causation Germ Theory of Disease Causation The Germ Theory of Disease Causation "Even if all the experts agree, they may well be mistaken."--Bertrand Russell " Human beings, the potentially highest form of life expression on this planet have built the vast pharmaceutical industry for the central purpose of poisoning the lowest form of life on the planet--germs! One of the biggest tragedies of human civilization is the precedence of chemicals over nutrition."--Dr. Richard Murray " In the sciences, people quickly come to regard as their own personal property that which they have learned and had passed on to them at the universities and academies. If someone else comes along with new ideas that contradict the Credo and in fact even threaten to overturn it, then all passions are raised against this threat and no method is left untried to suppress it. People resist it in every way possible: pretending not to have heard about it; speaking disparagingly of it, as if it were not even worth the effort of looking into the matter. And so a new truth can have a long wait before finally being accepted."--Goethe Misconceptions about health are ingrained in our culture. The road to understanding the process of maintaining and restoring health has been a long and twisted one. From ancient and intuitive knowledge, science has taken over, made colossal errors, and clings to them for dear life. There was a rejection of wisdom or scientific discovery in favor of a more popular, convenient, or politically desirable system. Just as Socrates was poisoned for his ideas, and Galileo was forced by a fanatic clergy to withdraw his statements about astronomy, ignorance and power can be a dangerous combination. We do not catch diseases. We build them. We have to eat, drink, think, and feel them into existence. We work hard at developing our diseases. We must work just as hard at restoring health. The presence of germs does not constitute the presence of a disease. Bacteria are scavengers of nature...they reduce dead tissue to its smallest element. Germs or bacteria have no influence, whatsoever, on live cells. Germs or microbes flourish as scavengers at the site of disease. They are just living on the unprocessed metabolic waste and diseased, malnourished, nonresistant tissue in the first place. They are not the cause of the disease, any more than flies and maggots cause garbage. Flies, maggots, and rats do not cause garbage but rather feed on it. Mosquitoes do not cause a pond to become stagnant! You always see firemen at burning buildings, but that doesn't mean they caused the fire... Traditional Western medicine teaches and practices the doctrines of French chemist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). Pasteur's main theory is known as the Germ Theory Of Disease. It claims that fixed species of microbes from an external source invade the body and are the first cause of infectious disease. The concept of specific, unchanging types of bacteria causing specific diseases became officially accepted as the foundation of allopathic Western medicine and microbiology in late 19th century Europe. Also called monomorphism,(one-form), it was adopted by America's medical/industrial complex, which began to take shape near the turn of the century. This cartel became organized around the American Medical Association, formed by drug interests for the purpose of manipulating the legal system to destroy the homeopathic medical profession. Controlled by pharmaceutical companies, the complex has become a trillion-dollar-a-year business. It also includes many insurance companies, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), hospitals, and university research facilities. The microbian doctrine gave birth to the technique of vaccination that was blindly begun in 1796 by Edward Jenner. Jenner took pus from the running sores of sick cows and injected it into the blood of his "patients." Thus was born a vile practice (immunization/vaccination) whose nature h


Which country's territory includes a long narrow east-west tongue separating Zambia from Botswana?

South Africa's geography Tweet on Twitter South Africa occupies the southern tip of Africa, its long coastline stretching more than 2 500km from the desert border with Namibia on the Atlantic coast, southwards around the tip of Africa, then north to the border with subtropical Mozambique on the Indian Ocean. The low-lying coastal zone is narrow for much of that distance, soon giving way to a mountainous escarpment that separates it from the high inland plateau. In some places, notably the province of KwaZulu-Natal in the east, a greater distance separates the coast from the escarpment. Size and provinces South Africa is a medium-sized country, with a total land area of slightly more than 1.2-million square kilometres, making it roughly the same size as Niger, Angola, Mali, and Colombia. It is one-eighth the size of the US, twice the size of France, and over three times the size of Germany. South Africa measures about 1 600km from north to south, and roughly the same from east to west. The country has nine provinces, which vary considerably in size. The smallest is tiny and crowded Gauteng, a highly urbanised region, and the largest the vast, arid and empty Northern Cape, which takes up almost a third of South Africa’s total land area. See The nine provinces of South Africa Borders Going from west to east, South Africa shares long northern borders with Namibia and Botswana, touches Zimbabwe, has a strip of border with Mozambique, and finally curves in around Swaziland before rejoining Mozambique’s southern border. In the interior, nestled in the curve of the bean-shaped Free State, is the small mountainous country of Lesotho, completely surrounded by South African territory. Cities South Africa has three capitals: Cape Town , in the Western Cape, is the legislative capital and is where the country’s Parliament is found. Bloemfontein , in the Free State, is the judicial capital, and home to the Supreme Court of Appeal. Pretoria , in Gauteng, is the administrative capital, and the ultimate capital of the country. It is home to the Union Buildings and a large proportion of the public service.   The largest and most important city is Johannesburg, the economic heartland of the country. Other important centres include Durban and Pietermaritzburg in KwaZulu- Natal, and Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape. Climate and topography Although the country is classified as semi-arid, South Africa has considerable variation in climate as well as topography. The great inland Karoo plateau, where rocky hills and mountains rise from sparsely populated scrubland, is very dry, and gets more so as it shades in the north-west towards the Kalahari desert. Extremely hot in summer, it can be icy in winter. In contrast, the eastern coastline is lush and well watered, a stranger to frost. The southern coast, part of which is known as the Garden Route, is rather less tropical but also green, as is the Cape of Good Hope – the latter especially in winter. This south-western corner of the country has a Mediterranean climate, with wet winters and hot, dry summers. Its most famous climatic characteristic is its wind, which blows intermittently virtually all year round, either from the south-east or the north- west. The eastern section of the Karoo does not extend as far north as the western part, giving way to the flat landscape of the Free State, which though still semi-arid receives somewhat more rain. North of the Vaal River, the Highveld is better watered, and saved by its altitude (Johannesburg lies at 1 740m; its average annual rainfall is 760mm) from subtropical extremes of heat. Winters are cold, though snow is rare. Further north and to the east, especially where a drop in altitude beyond the escarpment gives the Lowveld its name, temperatures rise: the Tropic of Capricorn slices through the extreme north. This is also where one finds the typical South African bushveld. Those looking for an opportunity to ski in winter head for the high Drakensberg mountains that form South Africa’s eastern escarpment. But one of the coldest places in the country


"The 1987 record ""La Bamba"" was by which artist?"

La Bamba - Los Lobos | Song Info | AllMusic Los Lobos google+ Song Review               by Matthew Greenwald Unquestionably the most definitive example of Mexican-based rock & roll, "La Bamba" is actually based on a traditional Spanish folk song, which is where Richie Valens first heard it. To be sure, his 1958 hit version is probably the most definitive, but this version by Los Lobos (arguably heirs to Valens' throne) is equally effective. Cut for the biopic of the same name, the band did the nearly impossible by both staying true to the original and resuscitating new life into it at the same time. The walking, three-chord melody and Valens' frantic guitar solo is virtually Xeroxed, but the inclusion of a sweet accordion and a great, acoustic mariachi coda take the song to new areas. Appears On


Epsom salts, traditionally used in bath salts and in agriculture, are what mineral compound?

Epsom Salt - An All Natural Compound Which Works Wonders For The Body - Salts Worldwide Epsom Salt – An All Natural Compound Which Works Wonders For The Body Epsom Salt – An All Natural Compound Which Works Wonders For The Body For most people, bath salts are not a strange or alien commodity. They are widely available in beauty and cosmetic stores, can be picked up from the supermarket, and are popular with everybody from teenage girls to older women and men looking for a relaxing bathing experience. However, not quite so many of us are familiar with Epsom salt, which is also used as a bathing aid. The interesting thing about Epsom salt is that it is not a salt at all, but a mineral. In fact, it is a pure mineral compound consisting of magnesium and sulfate. The substance itself was named after a bitter salt spring located in the Epsom region of Surrey, in the United Kingdom. It has long been considered a natural treatment for a variety of different conditions and physical ailments. As it is now known that magnesium and sulfate are most easily absorbed through the skin, it makes sense to think that dissolving Epsom salt in bathwater, just like we do with standard bath salts, is the best way to feel its full benefits. It is believed that magnesium compounds can be used to regulate the function of a remarkable 320 enzymes, and that sulfates aid the intake of nutrients. Yet, these are just two of the recognized benefits of Epsom salt. It is also used to improve nerve and muscle function, tackle artery problems, flush out harmful toxins, and soothe chronic migraines. With all of these amazing benefits, how many more reasons could a person need to go get their hands on some Epsom salt, and run themselves a relaxing bath? What are the advantages of using Epsom salt? The Epsom salt benefits are numerous, and they have been recognized for hundreds of years. This substance is no new wonder treatment, because human beings have been using it to ease the ailments of mind and body for a very long time. These benefits include, but are not limited to, soothing the nervous system, treating skin conditions, easing aches and pains, healing minor cuts and abrasions, dealing with colds and flu, and flushing impurities out of the body. Plus, it is extremely easy to take advantage of these nurturing properties. If a person wants to use Epsom salt as a treatment, they only have to add two or three cups to a bath of hot water and then soak from 40-60 minutes. The following ailments can be treated with an Epsom salt bath soak 2-3 times a week. This all natural compound makes water feel wonderfully silky and soft on the skin, and turns a regular bath into a luxurious and relaxing experience. Stress and Bodily Tension – few people are aware of the fact that stress reduces the levels of magnesium in the body. The easiest way to fix this is to dissolve Epsom salt (a magnesium and sulfate compound) in hot water and then allow it to be absorbed by the skin. The magnesium will prompt the body to create serotonin, which is a mood stabilizing chemical responsible for feelings of happiness and contentment. The magnesium ions will help a person to relax, by reducing adrenaline levels and improving overall muscle and nerve function. Muscle Pain and Cramps – the traditional Epsom salt soak is believed to soothe muscular pains and relieve inflammation. This makes it a great boon when it comes to the treatment of aching limbs, chronic migraines, and even more serious conditions like bronchial asthma. In addition, Epsom salt is widely used as a physical aid after childbirth, because it helps the muscles to relax and snap back to their former state much faster. If suffering from sore or cracked feet, soak them in a thick solution of Epsom salt and warm water. Reduced Nerve Function – a number of studies have suggested that Epsom salt is able to rebalance the level of electrolytes present within the body. This is essential for the retention of healthy muscle, nerve, and enzyme function. Plus, magnesium has been proved to be essential for the regulation of calcium


What is the word for a moving camera platform?

Basic Glossary of Film Terms Cut The splicing of 2 shots together. this cut is made by the film editor at the editing stage of a film. Between sequences the cut marks a rapid transition between one time and space and another, but depending on the nature of the cut it will have different meanings. Cross-cutting Literally, cutting between different sets of action that can be occuring simultaneously or at different times, (this term is used synonomously but somewhat incorrectly with parallel editing.)  Cross-cutting is used to build suspense, or to show the relationship between the different sets of action. Jump cut Cut where there is no match between the 2 spliced shots. Within a sequence, or more particularly a scene, jump cuts give the effect of bad editing. The opposite of a match cut, the jump cut is an abrupt cut between 2 shots that calls attention to itself because it does not match the shots seamlessly. It marks a transition in time and space but is called a jump cut because it jars the sensibilities; it makes the spectator jump and wonder where the narrative has got to. Jean-Luc Godard is undoubtedly one of the best exponents of this use of the jump cut. Editing Editing refers literally to how shots are put together to make up a film. Traditionally a film is made up of sequences or in some cases, as with avant-garde or art cinema, or again, of successive shots that are assembled in what is known as collision editing, or montage . ellipsis A term that refers to periods of time that have been left out of the narrative. The ellipsis is marked by an editing transitions which, while it leaves out a section of the action, none the less signifies that something has been elided. Thus, the fade or dissolve could indicate a passage of time, a wipe, a change of scene and so on. A jump cut transports the spectator from one action and time to another, giving the impression of rapid action or of disorientation if it is not matched. eyeline matching A term used to point to the continuity editing practice ensuring the logic of the look or gaze. In other words, eyeline matching is based on the belief in mainstream cinema that when a character looks into off-screen space the spectator expects to see what he or she is looking at. Thus there will be a cut to show what is being looked at: object another character Eyeline then refers to the trajectory of the looking eye. The eyeline match creates order and meaning in cinematic space. Thus, for example, character A will look off-screen at character B. Cut to character B, who-if she or he is in the same room and engaged in an exchange either of glances or words with character A-will return that look and so 'certify' that character A is indeed in the space from which we first saw her or him look. This "stabilising" is true in the other primary use of the eyeline match which is the shot/reverse angle shot , also known as the reverse angle shot, commonly used in close-up dialogue secenes. The camera adopts the eyeline trajectory of the interlocutor looking at the other person as she or he speaks, then switches to the other person's position and does the same. Framing The way in which subjects and objects are framed within a shot produces specific readings. Size and volume within the frame speak as much as dialogue. So too do camera angles. Thus, for example, a high-angle extreme long shot of two men walking away in the distance, (as in the end of Jean Renoir's La Grande Illusion, 1937) points to their vulnerablility - they are about to dissapear, possibly die. Low angle shots in medium close-up on a person can point to their power, but it can also point to ridicule because of the distortion factor. gaze/look This term refers to the excahnge of looks that takes place in cinema but it was not until the 1970s that it was written about and theorised. In the early 1970s, first French and then British and American film theorists began applying psychoanalysis to film in an attempt to discuss the spectator/screen relationship as well as the textual relationships within the film


Mathematicians or code breakers from what country were the first to break the codes in the Enigma machines used by the German military from the 1920s to the 1940s?

Virtual Bletchley Park Virtual Bletchley Park The Breaking of Enigma by the Polish Mathematicians Poland As German military power increased during the 1920's, the Poles felt threatened and vulnerable, situated as they were between two powerful nations, Germany to the West and Russia to the East. In order to discover the intentions of their potential enemies, they resorted to intelligence gathering. They had a long tradition of this and particularly of code breaking. The modern use of Radio allowed them to intercept enemy Radio transmissions without revealing their intelligence activities. From 1928 onward Polish Intelligence intercepted German Radio transmissions using a new cipher system which was eventually identified as coming from an Enigma machine. Polish Intelligence had obtained examples of the commercial Enigma machine but quickly found that the German Enigma was different in detail from the commercial version. The Polish Mathematicians Polish Intelligence were initially unable to break the German Enigma traffic, however driven by the imperative of finding what the Germans were up to, they, uniquely among other nations at that time, decided to try a mathematical approach. In 1932 a team of young mathematicians was set up. It included Jerzy Rozycki, Henryk Zygalski and Marian Rejewski (all of whom were products of the notable flowering of Polish mathematics in the 1920s and 1930s). Rejewski quickly showed that mathematical techniques could be used to attack the problem of finding the message key by exploiting the German's cryptographic error in repeating the message key at the start of a transmission. The problem that still had to solved was the internal wiring connections in each wheel. In this Polish Intelligence were helped by the French. The French were very interested in assisting Poland because they also were disturbed by the rise in German militancy and wanted an ally on Germans Eastern flank. In 1931 and 1932 the French cryptographer Gustave Bertrand obtained priceless information about the German Enigma from a spy, Hans-Thilo Schmidt, known by the code name Asche. The French were unable to use this information to break into the German Enigma traffic. It was also passed to the British who were also at this time unable to break into Enigma. Finally Bertrand passed the information to Polish Intelligence who had not revealed how far they had got with their attack on Enigma. This information, which included German operating instructions for Enigma and two sheets of monthly key settings enabled Rejewski to deduce the internal wheel wiring for all three wheels, but only after he had made an inspired leap of imagination. The problem was the order of the 26 wires connecting the keyboard to the fixed entry disc at the right hand end of the three wheels. In the commercial Enigma, which the Polish team possessed, the wiring order clockwise round the entry disc was the order of the keys on the keyboard, QWERTZUIO... Rejewski had realised that the wiring order must be different on the German Forces Enigma, but had no way of finding out what the order was. The inspired leap of imagination was to suppose the Germans had, in their logical way, just used ABCDEFG... as the order. He tried this and it worked and he could now work out from his equations the internal wiring of the three wheels and the reflector. The deduction of the internal wiring of the wheels was a spectacular feat by Rejewski. It enabled the Polish cryptographers to build replicas of the German Enigma machine which could then be used to decipher the intercepted Radio messages once the Enigma configuration and the message settings had been deduced. That was the next problem. Rejewski had shown that his "characteristics" could be deduced from a day's radio traffic when the Germans were double enciphering the Enigma message settings. Now the Polish cryptographers had to produce a catalogue of these characteristics for every wheel order and every wheel start position, 26x26x26x6 entries,(no less than 105,456 in a