The inability or near inability in colour blindness to differentiate between some colours is, in the most common form of it, between red and which other colour?

Types of Colour Blindness — Colour Blind Awareness Protanopia Tritanopia People with dichromatic colour vision have only two types of cones which are able to perceive colour i.e. they have a total absence of function of one cone type. Lack of ability to see colour is the easiest way to explain this condition but in actual fact it is a specific section of the light spectrum which can’t be perceived. For convenience we call these areas of the light spectrum ‘red’, ‘green’ or ‘blue’ . The sections of the light spectrum which the ‘red’ and ‘green’ cones perceive overlap and this is why red and green colour vision deficiencies are often known as red/green colour blindness and why people with red and green deficiencies see the world in a similar way. People suffering from protanopia are unable to perceive any ‘red’ light, those with deuteranopia are unable to perceive ‘green’ light and those with tritanopia are unable to perceive ‘blue’ light. People with both red and green deficiencies live in a world of murky greens where blues and yellows stand out. Browns, oranges, shades of red and green are easily confused. Both types will confuse some blues with some purples and both types will struggle to identify pale shades of most colours. However, there are some specific differences between the 2 red/green deficiencies. Protanopia Protanopes are more likely to confuse:- 1. Black with many shades of red 2. Dark brown with dark green, dark orange and dark red 2. Some blues with some reds, purples and dark pinks 3. Mid-greens with some oranges Deuteranopes Deuteranopes are more likely to confuse:- 1. Mid-reds with mid-greens 2. Blue-greens with grey and mid-pinks 3. Bright greens with yellows 4. Pale pinks with light grey 5. Mid-reds with mid-brown 6. Light blues with lilac Tritanopes The most common colour confusions for tritanopes are light blues with greys, dark purples with black, mid-greens with blues and oranges with reds. The images show how the beautiful colours of the pigments are lost to people suffering with each type of dichromatic vision. Monochromacy (achromatopsia) Normal Vision Monochromacy People with monochromatic vision can see no colour at all and their world consists of different shades of grey ranging from black to white, rather like only seeing the world on an old black and white television set. Achromatopsia is extremely rare, occuring only in approximately 1 person in 33,000 and its symptoms can make life very difficult. Usually someone with achromatopsia will need to wear dark glasses inside in normal light conditions. We have had several very concerned people contact us via this website because they or their children have been diagnosed by their optician with ‘total colour blindness’. Although we are unable to advise on the diagnosis of specific cases we have undertaken further research to try and understand why so many people are being told they are totally colour blind when in reality they are much more likely to have a severe form of red-green colour blindness. Our research has revealed that in many cases opticians have only received basic training on colour vision deficiency and some may therefore be incorrectly interpreting the results of the Ishihara tests. If you have been diagnosed as ‘totally’ colour blind please follow the links to these two specialist websites for further information. If you think you do have the symptoms of achromatopsia ask your optician to refer you to a specialist who can confirm your condition. www.achromatopsia.org Statistics There is general agreement that worldwide 8% of men and 0.5% of women have a colour vision deficiency. These figures rise in areas where there is a greater number of white (Caucasian) people per head of population, so in Scandanavia the figures increase to approximately 10-11% of men. By contrast in sub-Saharan Africa there are few colour blind people. Countries such as India and Brazil have a relatively high incidence of colour vision deficients because of the large numbers of people with mixed race genes in their genetic history. The 8% of colour blin


Malaria | Define Malaria at Dictionary.com malaria noun 1. Pathology. any of a group of diseases, usually intermittent or remittent, characterized by attacks of chills, fever, and sweating: formerly supposed to be due to swamp exhalations but now known to be caused by a parasitic protozoan, which is transferred to the human bloodstream by a mosquito of the genus Anopheles and which occupies and destroys red blood cells. 2. Archaic. unwholesome or poisonous air. Origin of malaria 1730-40; < Italian, contraction of mala aria bad air Related forms Examples from the Web for malaria Expand Contemporary Examples For now she rents local boats to deliver bed nets along the lake, where malaria is a leading cause of death. Mosquitoes Love Some People More and Science Wants to Know Why Josh Dzieza August 5, 2013 But as malaria, that ancient disease, has reminded us once again, progress – real progress – simply cannot be hurried. Ebola Is Destroying Liberia’s Vaccination Program Wade C.L. Williams November 6, 2014 Historical Examples The fosse has since been filled up, on account of the malaria produced by the stagnant water which it contained. There is another illness which is a hundred times worse than malaria. Little Busybodies Jeanette Augustus Marks and Julia Moody Hardly was the regular cultivation of the fields interrupted than the production of malaria recommenced. British Dictionary definitions for malaria Expand noun 1. an infectious disease characterized by recurring attacks of chills and fever, caused by the bite of an anopheles mosquito infected with any of four protozoans of the genus Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, or P. ovale) Derived Forms malarial, malarian, malarious, adjective Word Origin C18: from Italian mala aria bad air, from the belief that the disease was caused by the unwholesome air in swampy districts Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for malaria Expand n. 1740, from Italian mal'aria, from mala aria, literally "bad air," from mala "bad" (fem. of malo, from Latin malus; see mal- ) + aria "air" (see air (n.1)). Probably first used by Italian physician Francisco Torti (1658-1741). The disease, now known to be mosquito-borne, once was thought to be caused by foul air in marshy districts. Replaced native ague . Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


In February 2014 which sought after film actor married opera director Sophie Hunter?

Hollywood couples: 11 hot leading men and their wives Hollywood couples: 11 hot leading men and their wives By Deborah WeeMovies - 28 February 2015 8:53 AM | Updated 26 June 2015 For some spouses of Hollywood big names, walking down the aisle can spell an end to their privacy if they are not in showbiz, or give their own profiles a fresh boost if they are already living under the lens. We check out 11 couples in the news of late, and how they hooked up More George Clooney and Amal Alamuddin Eight months after their wedding in Venice, Italy in late September 2014 witnessed by some 100 guests, George Clooney, 54, spilled the beans on how he proposed to his wife, Amal Alammudin, 37.   During an appearance on ‘ CBS This Morning ’ on 19 May 2015, Hollywood’s former longtime bachelor told host Charlie Rose that he “literally dropped it on her” when he asked the human-rights lawyer to marry him in his home, where he “queued up a playlist of some of my Aunt Rosemary’s songs”.   They had reportedly been dating for some seven months by then, having first met at a charity fundraiser in Italy. Caught by the surprise marriage proposal, Alamuddin was reacting to the question and did not give a proper response, prompting Clooney to say: “Listen, I’m 52 (at the time) and I’ve been on my knee now for about 28 minutes, so I gotta get an answer out of this or I’m gonna throw a hip out!”    The pair reportedly made a pact to never spend more than a week apart. She taught at Columbia University while he was filming in New York, and they two have bought a home outside of London, a historic mansion built in the 1600s, USA Today reported. “I have someone I can talk to about anything and someone who I care about more than I’ve cared about anything, so it’s really nice,” Clooney said.  Benedict Cumberbatch and Sophie Hunter Fans of Benedict Cumberbatch might weep and sob, but nothing changes the fact that Sophie Hunter officially took the sought-after British actor off the market on Valentine’s Day of 2015.  The couple tied the knot in a medieval church in England .   Hunter is a director of avant-garde opera and theatre, has acted in movies and on stage, and sung in a French-language album. Her grandfather was also Aide-de-Camp General to Queen Elizabeth of England. She also has a degree from Oxford University. The couple are expecting their first child later in 2015, and as for thinking of baby names that will go with “Cumberbatch”, the star of the Oscar-nominated ‘The Imitation Game’ had to listen to talkshow host Ellen DeGeneres offer him some suggestions back in January, such as Engelberg Cumberbatch, Glockenspiel Cumberbatch, or Carl Cumberbatch. Eddie Redmayne and Hannah Bagshawe Freshly minted Oscar-winner Eddie Redmayne (‘The Theory of Everything’) married publicist Hannah Bagshawe in December 2014, but romance was apparently slow to bloom between the two. The Daily Mail reported that the pair met during their school days when Redmayne and his classmates were modelling at Bagshawe’s school for a charity event. The two became close friends, but it was only 12 years later when Redmayne was filming ‘Les Miserables’ that sparks started to fly and Bagshawe won his heart. Clearly one who takes her time, Bagshawe was also 30-minutes late for her wedding. Her husband told Ellen DeGeneres that he was “relaxed knowing that she had never been on time for pretty much anything in her life”. Patience is indeed a virtue when nurturing relationships. Tom Hardy and Charlotte Riley British A-lister Tom Hardy might have an intimidating presence onscreen, having played ruthless characters in ‘The Dark Knight Rises’, ‘Lawless’ and ‘Star Trek: Nemesis’. But his wife knows that the actor has a soft side, and their offscreen romance has been nothing short of romantic. Actress Charlotte Riley met Hardy on the set of the British TV series ‘Wuthering Heights’, based on Emily Bronte’s renowned novel. The two played the famed lovers Catherine and Heathcliff, and got engaged in 2009 when the series aired. However, they tied the knot much later – in 2014 – in a low-ke


What is the peptide hormone produced in all vertebrates and some others to promote the absorption of glucose from the blood to muscles and fat tissue?

Human Physiology/The endocrine system - Wikibooks, open books for an open world Human Physiology/The endocrine system 9 References Introduction To The Endocrine System[ edit ] The endocrine system is a control system of ductless glands that secrete hormones within specific organs. Hormones act as "messengers," and are carried by the bloodstream to different cells in the body, which interpret these messages and act on them. It seems like a far fetched idea that a small chemical can enter the bloodstream and cause an action at a distant location in the body. Yet this occurs in our bodies everyday of our lives. The ability to maintain homeostasis and respond to stimuli is largely due to hormones secreted within the body. Without hormones, you could not grow, maintain a constant temperature, produce offspring, or perform the basic actions and functions that are essential for life. The endocrine system provides an electrochemical connection from the hypothalamus of the brain to all the organs that control the body metabolism, growth and development, and reproduction. There are two types of hormones secreted in the endocrine system: Steroidal (or lipid based) and non-steroidal, (or protein based) hormones. The endocrine system regulates its hormones through negative feedback, except in very specific cases like childbirth. Increases in hormone activity decrease the production of that hormone. The immune system and other factors contribute as control factors also, altogether maintaining constant levels of hormones. Types of Glands[ edit ] Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testis Exocrine Glands are those which release their cellular secretions through a duct which empties to the outside or into the lumen (empty internal space) of an organ. These include certain sweat glands, salivary and pancreatic glands, and mammary glands. They are not considered a part of the endocrine system. Endocrine Glands are those glands which have no duct and release their secretions directly into the intercellular fluid or into the blood. The collection of endocrine glands makes up the endocrine system. 1, The main endocrine glands are the pituitary (anterior and posterior lobes), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex and medulla), pancreas and gonads. 2, The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus of the lower forebrain. 3, The thyroid gland consists of two lateral masses, connected by a cross bridge, that are attached to the trachea. They are slightly inferior to the larynx. 4, The parathyroid glands are four masses of tissue, two embedded posterior in each lateral mass of the thyroid gland. 5, One adrenal gland is located on top of each kidney. The cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland. The medulla is the inner core. 6, The pancreas is along the lower curvature of the stomach, close to where it meets the first region of the small intestine, the duodenum. 7, The gonads (ovaries and testes) are found in the pelvic cavity. Hormones and Types[ edit ] A hormone is a type of chemical signal. They are a means of communication between cells. The endocrine system produces hormones that are instrumental in maintaining homeostasis and regulating reproduction and development. A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by a cell that effects specific change in the cellular activity of other cells (target cells). Unlike exocrine glands (which produce substances such as saliva, milk, stomach acid and digestive enzymes), endocrine glands do not secrete substances into ducts (tubes). Instead, endocrine glands secrete their hormones directly into the surrounding extra cellular space. The hormones then diffuse into nearby capillaries and are transported throughout the body in the blood. The endocrine and nervous systems often work toward the same goal. Both influence other cells with chemicals (hormones and neurotransmitters). However, they attain their goals differently. Neurotransmitters act immediately (within millisecond


Who was the last Empress of All the Russias?

Dowager Empress Marie - Blog & Alexander Palace Time Machine Diaries and Letters - Dowager Empress Marie Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna By Art Beeche   One of the most tragic figures of European royalty is the Empress Maria-Feodorovna, widow of Alexander III, and mother of Nicholas II of Russia. Her parents were the impoverished Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg. A family of modest means, the Glucksburg, as they were commonly known, raised their numerous progeny in an unostentatious, pious, yet carefree environment. Not one person would have imagined that the Glucksburg children would rule in Denmark, Greece and Norway. The family also provided royal consorts for the thrones of Russia, Great Britain, Hannover, Romania and Spain. In fact, their progeny would extend its influence throughout the European continent, giving Prince Christian and his wife, the title of "grandparents of Europe." One of these marrying Glucksburgs was none other than Princess Dagmar of Denmark, better known as the Empress Maria-Feodorovna. Small-framed and vivacious, Dagmar was born at the family's modest home, the "Yellow Palace," in Copenhagen on November 26, 1847. At the time of Dagmar's birth her father served in the small Danish army, while her mother, born Princess Louise of Hesse-Cassel, tended to the growing family. The family's finances were so strained that both parents actively participated in the education of Dagmar and her other siblings. The Glucksburgs' fortunes began to improve when the childless, and scandal-prone, King Frederick VII of Denmark recognized Prince Christian as his heir in 1852. Since the main line of the Danish royal family would become extinct upon Frederick VII's death, a royal heir had to be found. Prince Christian was not the closest relative to the throne, but his image was the least compromised by foreign entanglements. In the meantime, Dagmar and her ravishing elder sister, Alexandra, continued their education at the Yellow Palace. The early 1860's witnessed three events that brought the Glucksburgs to international prominence. First, Alexandra of Denmark married Edward, Prince of Wales; secondly, William of Denmark was chosen as the new King of the Hellenes, he adopted the name George I; and lastly, King Frederick VII died and was succeeded by Prince Christian under the name Christian IX. Suddenly, the matrimonial prospects of Princess Dagmar of Denmark were considerably improved. Her mother, now Queen Louise, had remained in contact with the Imperial Russian court, where she had wanted to find a substitute husband for her eldest daughter in the event that an alliance with Great Britain did not materialize. It is also important to note that Queen Louise and the Empress Maria-Alexandrovna, wife of Tsar Alexander II, came from two branches of the old German princely family of Hesse. Once Alexandra was safely married to the Prince of Wales, Louise directed her endless enthusiasm and perseverance, as well as her extended family connections, on attracting the attention of her Romanov cousins. By the end of 1864, her enterprise seemed complete when it was announced that Princess Dagmar of Denmark would marry the Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich, heir of Tsar Alexander II. The Glucksburgs' matrimonial web seemed unstoppable, causing shudders in the Berlin chancellery where Otto von Bismarck ruled supreme. In 1863, after the death of Frederick VII, Bismarck orchestrated a war with Denmark over the control of the north German provinces of Schleswig and Holstein. By routing the Danish armies, Bismarck not only gained an important portion of territory, but also became the recipient of the undeterred hatred of the Glucksburgs. As the chancellor of the Prussian Hohenzollerns, Bismarck had solidified the Glucksburgs' deep dislike for anything close to Prussia. This dislike, as well as deep suspicion, would be passed along from Christian IX's children to his grandchildren, among them Tsar Nicholas II and King George V of Great Britain. Tragedy struck poor Dagmar when the Tsarevich


"Who took the lead role in the 2014 film ""The Imitation Game""?"

The Imitation Game (2014) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV During World War II, mathematician Alan Turing tries to crack the enigma code with help from fellow mathematicians. Director: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 29 titles created 23 Aug 2014 a list of 26 titles created 05 Nov 2014 a list of 24 titles created 17 Dec 2014 a list of 49 titles created 15 Oct 2015 a list of 35 titles created 5 days ago Title: The Imitation Game (2014) 8.1/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    44 wins & 155 nominations. See more awards  » Videos With his wife's disappearance having become the focus of an intense media circus, a man sees the spotlight turned on him when it's suspected that he may not be innocent. Director: David Fincher The adventures of Gustave H, a legendary concierge at a famous hotel from the fictional Republic of Zubrowka between the first and second World Wars, and Zero Moustafa, the lobby boy who becomes his most trusted friend. Director: Wes Anderson A team of explorers travel through a wormhole in space in an attempt to ensure humanity's survival. Director: Christopher Nolan A look at the relationship between the famous physicist Stephen Hawking and his wife. Director: James Marsh Based on the true story of Jordan Belfort , from his rise to a wealthy stock-broker living the high life to his fall involving crime, corruption and the federal government. Director: Martin Scorsese Illustrated upon the progress of his latest Broadway play, a former popular actor's struggle to cope with his current life as a wasted actor is shown. Director: Alejandro G. Iñárritu In 1954, a U.S. marshal investigates the disappearance of a murderess who escaped from a hospital for the criminally insane. Director: Martin Scorsese A thief, who steals corporate secrets through use of dream-sharing technology, is given the inverse task of planting an idea into the mind of a CEO. Director: Christopher Nolan In the antebellum United States, Solomon Northup , a free black man from upstate New York, is abducted and sold into slavery. Director: Steve McQueen With the help of a German bounty hunter, a freed slave sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal Mississippi plantation owner. Director: Quentin Tarantino In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same. Directors: Quentin Tarantino, Eli Roth Stars: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Eli Roth After John Nash , a brilliant but asocial mathematician, accepts secret work in cryptography, his life takes a turn for the nightmarish. Director: Ron Howard Edit Storyline Based on the real life story of legendary cryptanalyst Alan Turing, the film portrays the nail-biting race against time by Turing and his brilliant team of code-breakers at Britain's top-secret Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, during the darkest days of World War II. Written by Studio Canal Behind every code is an enigma See more  » Genres: Rated PG-13 for some sexual references, mature thematic material and historical smoking | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 25 December 2014 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: El código enigma See more  » Filming Locations: $479,352        (USA) (28 November 2014) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia Matthew Beard , who plays Peter Hilton, considered the Hut 8 Team as "The Avengers in Tweed". See more » Goofs Many inter


In July caribou migrate in large numbers south across which continent?

Caribou Species Profile, Alaska Department of Fish and Game Alaska Department of Fish and Game View Large Map Did You Know? In the Inupiaq language spoken by Northern Alaska's Inupiat people, the word for caribou is commonly spelled 'tutu.' Fast Facts General Description Caribou have large, concave hoofs that spread widely to support the animal in snow and soft tundra. The feet also function as  paddles when caribou swim. Caribou are the only member of the deer family (Cervidae) in which both sexes grow antlers. Antlers  of adult bulls are large and massive; those of adult cows are much shorter and are usually more slender and irregular. In late  fall, caribou are clove-brown with a white neck, rump, and feet and often have a white flank stripe. The hair of newborn calves  ranges from dark, chocolate brown to reddish brown. Newborn calves weigh an average of 13 pounds (6 kg) and grow very quickly. They may double their  weight in 10-15 days. Weights of adult bulls average 350-400 pounds (159-182 kg). However, weights of 700 pounds (318 kg) have  been recorded. Mature females average 175-225 pounds (80-120 kg). Caribou in northern and southwestern Alaska are generally  smaller than caribou in the Interior and in southern parts of the state. In Europe, caribou are called reindeer, but in Alaska and Canada only the semi-domesticated form is called reindeer. All caribou and  reindeer throughout the world are considered to be the same species, but there are 7 subspecies: barrenground (Rangifer tarandus  granti), Svalbard (R.t platyrhynchus), European (R.t. tarandus), Finnish forest reindeer (R.t. fennicus), Greenland (R.t. groenlandicus), woodland (R.t. caribou) and Peary (R.t. pearyi). Alaska has predominantly the barren-ground subspecies and one small herd of woodland caribou, the Chisana herd, which moves into Canada in the Wrangell-St. Elias area of Southcentral Alaska. Canada has three subspecies, the Peary, woodland and barren-ground. Caribou in Alaska are distributed in 32 herds or populations. A herd uses a distinct calving area that is separate from the calving area of other herds, but different herds may mix on winter ranges. Food Habits Like most herd animals, the caribou must keep moving to find adequate food. Large herds often migrate long distances  (up to 400 miles/640 km) between summer and winter ranges. Smaller herds may not migrate at all. In summer (May-September),  caribou eat the leaves of willows, sedges, flowering tundra plants, and mushrooms. They switch to lichens (reindeer moss),  dried sedges (grasslike plants), and small shrubs (like blueberry) in September. Vocalizations Regarding the audio sample under the "Listen" tab: The 'huffs' are a cow; in the background you can hear a calf calling as well. Cows and calves are most vocal during calving and early summer because it's a primary means of maintaining contact. Cow/calf vocalizations diminish in frequency and length as calves mature. The only time bulls vocalize is during rut — bulls are less guttural and more 'airy' than cows. Life History Life history events for caribou occur in different seasons, but identifying those seasons varies between herds and caribou biologists. Calving occurs in mid-late May in Interior Alaska and in early June in northern and southwestern Alaska. If females are in very good condition they can breed when they are 16 months old, but in most herds they do not breed until they are 28 months old. Most adult cows are pregnant every year and give birth to one calf — twins are very rare. In some areas, wolves, grizzly bears, and golden eagles kill large numbers of newborn calves. Caribou “swamp” predators – the cows in a herd give birth to a lot of calves in a very short period of time, essentially overwhelming predators in the area with an overabundance of food. Predators and scavengers are also quick to target stillborn or unhealthy calves. After calving, caribou collect in large “post-calving aggregations” to avoid predators and escape mosquitoes and warble flies. These large groups of caribou stay together i


Bartizan, stylobate, breastsummer are terms found in what discipline?

A Researcher's Guide to Local History Terminology/Abecedary - Wikibooks, open books for an open world A Researcher's Guide to Local History Terminology/Abecedary From Wikibooks, open books for an open world A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z expoliate A pied - a French term neaning 'on foot'. Abatis, 'Abattis', or 'Abbattis - a French word meaning a heap of material thrown; a term in field fortification for an obstacle formed of the branches of trees laid in a row, with the sharpened tops directed outwards, towards the enemy. Abbacy - the office, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot. The post was also held in post-reformation times by secular individuals; the Earl of Eglinton held the abbacy of Kilwinning Abbey in Scotland. Abditory - a place for hiding or preserving articles of value. Abecedary - the full alphabet carved in stone in churches, on paper, etc. Generally considered to be teaching aids, particularly to the illiterate. The alphabet may have been thought at that time to posses supernatural powers along the lines of the runic futhork. Each letter would have had a symbolic meaning to the devout. An example from the Church of St Mary of the Grey Friars was found in Dumfries, Scotland, in 1967. Abele - a white poplar (Populus alba). Abjure - to renounce under oath; to recant solemnly; repudiate: abjure one's beliefs; to give up an action or practice. Abstersion - the act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging. Abstracted multure - the title of the offense when tenants failed to bring their corn to the mill of the thirl. They could be sued for this offence. Abthane - a Thanedom or proprietorship of land held of the crown, and in the possession of an abbot; the title of a Saxon proprietor, that is, a proprietor under the Saxon laws, holding direct of the crown, equivalent to that of a Norman baron. Abthainries existed at Dull, Kilmichael, Airlie and Madderty. Abuilyement - also 'Abuilement'. Garments or clothing. Accolade - a ceremonial embrace, as of greeting or salutation; the ceremonial bestowal of knighthood. Accouchement - a confinement during child birth; a lying in. Accoutre - also accouter. To outfit and equip, as for military duty. Acolyte - One who assists the celebrant in the performance of liturgical rites; a devoted follower or attendant. Acre - the English 'statute acre' is 4840 square yards, the 'Scots acre' was somewhat larger at about 1.3 English Acres. In medieval times shape mattered more than size. An acre was an oblong shaped portion of land, either straight sided or sinuous, with a length of 220 yards and a width of 22 yards, giving a ratio of 10 : 1. It was variable in size, but was regarded as the area of land that one man could plough in one day. Acroterion - also 'Acroterium' is an architectural ornament placed on a flat base called the acroter or plinth, and mounted at the apex of the pediment of a building in the Classical style. Ad perpetuam remanentiam - the merger of leasehold interests, e.g. a renunciation by a tenant in favour of the landlord. Where the higher fee is already registered in the Land Register and the proprietor acquires by disposition ad rem the subjacent fee, title to which is recorded in the Register of Sasines, the absorption must be given effect to in the Land Register. Additament - an addition, or a thing added. Adjure - to command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath; to appeal to or entreat earnestly. Adventiti - in medieval times these were travelers visiting villages and towns for various economic purposes. Advocate - a person who pleads, intercedes, or speaks for another. It also means a person whose profession is to plead causes in courts of law. This is especially the use in Scotland. In the USA it means any lawyer. To advocate, means to speak in favour of an idea (Legal). Advowson - the right of a patron to present a person to a church living or benefice. Aedicule - the framing of a window or opening by columns topped with a pediment so that it resembles a temple facade in miniature. Aedile - an office of the Roman Republic. Aediles were respons


On Christmas Day 1914 during World War I, there was an unofficial truce between British and German troops at various places along the lines. In sub-zero temperatures in no-man's land near Armentieres, France, the soldiers played what game?

271 December 2014/January 2015 Wriggle Valley Magazine by Wriggle Valley Magazine - issuu issuu No. 271 December 2014/January 2015 WHEELIE CLEAN recycling bin cleaning company Wheelie bins will always get dirty, these are a home for bacteria and germs. Worst still they are a very attractive proposition to rodents. s bin lie ee LY h W ON s ns biin ie b tlle ete Y h o L Y B W LN ONO s bin od Y Fo ONL .50 £1 Now every month you can have your wheelie bins cleaned and sanitised to keep germs and rodents at bay. sla n nt p r me Ythly o s n PayNL n o O6 m arly pla or ye ilable ans. ava ff cle o one £4 Please Contact Adam 07816151439 or email Hermitage Church in the snow Ray Dickerson CONTENTS Hilfield Church in the snow Editor’s musings… I have always thought of Christmas time, when it has come round, as a good time; a kind, forgiving, charitable time; the only time I know of, in the long calendar of the year, when men and women seem by one consent to open their shut-up hearts freely, and to think of people below them as if they really were fellow passengers to the grave, and not another race of creatures bound on other journeys. ~Charles Dickens Welcome to a bumper last edition of 2014 and of course a welcome to 2015 as well. You will notice some differences this month - more about that on p 51. As we are getting so many wonderful articles from our community, could I please request that they be no more than 250 words each so that we can the wide and enjoyable variety? Enjoy all the fun that the Wriggle Valley has to offer at this spiritual and festive time of year; I shall personally enjoy having my family back at home and of course all that singing! Don’t forget that this is a double month magazine, news and views for February in for 12 January 2015. May we wish you all a splendid Christmas and a Peaceful New Year. See you in the new year. Bella Neate-Clegg The Wriggle Magazine is FREE to you but readers are invited to make voluntary donations towards the cost of production. These should be forwarded to the Treasurer at Mallows House, Church Street, Yetminster, DT9 6LG. Cheques can be made payable to Wriggle Valley Magazine. Thank you for your continued support wrigglevalleymagazine.co.uk LEIGH VILLAGE HALL In the heart of the Wriggle Valley - 6 miles SW from Sherborne, Dorset * * * * * * * * Award winning facilities and beautiful grounds. The ideal venue for truly memorable celebrations. Main Hall seats up to 150 (100 at tables). Meeting Room for up to 30 (20 at tables). Modern five-star kitchen 72 off-road parking spaces plus large overflow area. Covered patio & two acres of landscaped grounds. A short walk from St Andrew's Church. Contact: 01963 210619 or paulandmorag@gmail.com 01963 210154 or duncancmoore@aol.com NICK CHEESMAN BUILDING CONTRACTOR A PROFESSIONAL FRIENDLY SERVICE ALTERATIONS RENOVATIONS EXTENSIONS CARPENTRY DECORATING KITCHENS BATHROOMS PATIOS ALL GENERAL BUILDING WORK CARRIED OUT 07734 258911 ncheesmanbuildingcontractors@hotmail.co.uk BRAND NEW TECHNOLOGY - GOOD OLD FASHIONED SERVICE ● Free consultations ● Free 5 year warranty 01305 262550 Ringhill St, Poundbury ● Free batteries for life ● Free aftercare for life info@abbeyhearing.co.uk HOME VISITS AVAILABLE To advertise please contact Gordon Ratcliffe email:gojan@btinternet.com VILLAGE NEWS Village Rep & Mag Distributor: Bridget Gordge bridgetgordge@hotmail.com News from the Villages J ust to remind everyone that as usual we shall be having our Children's Carol Service on 24 December at 3pm and Christmas Day Service at 10.15 am; we would love to see you all. I hope everyone has a lovely festive time and best wishes for the new year. Bridget Gordge Batcombe Church Lottery October 1st No 25 2nd No 10 3rd No 23 with Melbury Bubb & Stockwood Village Rep: Liz Tebbatt 873140 tebbat.towers@virgin.net Village Mag Distributor: John CHETNOLE..... Henry Straughan Jan Williams Derek Jones G et well soon to Ted Warr who has been poorly in hospital. Ted is a not only a firm favourite with everyone in the village but also a regular at the Chetnole Inn where they have be


Wenceslas Square is in which capital city?

Wenceslas Square Wenceslas Square View Larger Map Wenceslas Square is a city square in the Czech capital of Prague. Despite its name, it is in fact closer in shape to a Parisian boulevard, being almost half a mile long but barely 200 feet wide. The square is named in honor of St. Wenceslas, Bohemia’s patron saint. It is a very old square, but it only received its current name in 1848. The square became widely known in the West when it was at the center of the demonstrations that led to the Velvet Revolution in 1989. Background and History New Town, the area of Prague in which the square is situated, was begun in the reign of King Charles IV in the mid 14th century. At this time, the area was known as the Horse Market. It was one of a number of large open spaces in the city which were used for markets of various types. The Horse Gate was one of the most used gates in the city. The square retained its medieval name until 1848. By this time, the cause of Czech nationalism was becoming increasingly popular. It was felt that “Horse Market” was a rather unedifying name for such an important square. The idea of renaming the area Wenceslas Square came primarily from Karel Havlíček Borovský, one of the foremost thinkers and writers of the time. In the first half of the 20th century, the square saw both the proclaiming of Czechoslovakia’s independence in 1918 and pro-Nazi rallies during the country’s occupation in WWII. Modern History The few buildings which had been ruined during the 1945 Prague Uprising were quickly replaced by large stores under communist rule. The square nevertheless became the focus for several anti-communist demonstrations. Notably, one large demonstration took place after the Soviet invasion of the country in order to put down the liberalization attempted during the “Prague Spring” in 1968. Among the most significant of these was the public suicide of Jan Palach, who set himself ablaze in the square in January 1969. Further unrest occurred in March 1969, after Czechoslovakia beat the Soviet Union in the world ice hockey championships. A crowd estimated at 150,000 flocked to the square, both to celebrate their team’s victory and to protest the fact that the USSR was still occupying their country. Although there was little serious violence, there were several minor confrontations with the police, and the vandalizing of Aeroflot’s office, provoked by state agents, provided an excuse for a government crackdown on dissent. The Square Today The peaceful demonstrations which helped to bring down the communist regime during the fall of 1989 were the source of the term “Velvet Revolution.” Among the most historically significant speeches given in the square at that time were those by Alexander Dubček, the man who had instigated the Prague Spring and been humiliated by the Soviets after the invasion. However, as a supporter of reforming rather than completely deposing communism, his words were not received with as much fervor as those of some other speakers. Today, the streets lining the square are home to a mixture of hotels, shops, offices, and restaurants. These are generally unremarkable, but the square’s impressive architecture survives. Most notable structures are the statue of St. Wenceslas, which took almost three decades for sculptor Josef Václav Myslbek to complete, and the National Museum Building to the southeast, which is the work of Josef Schulz. The statue of Wenceslas has a number of other saints associated with the country carved into its base. Prague Famous Landmarks


John Frieda is a famous name in what field?

Frieda: Meaning Of Name Frieda | Nameberry.com Famous People Named Frieda Please add to or correct the information provided by other members of the Nameberry community. Frieda Hempel, German soprano Frieda Rebecca Hughes, English poet and painter; daughter of poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes (Emma Maria) Frieda Johanna Freiin von Richthofen Lawrence, German wife of English novelist D. H. Lawrence Magdalena Carmen Frieda Kahlo y Calderon, birth name of Mexican painter Frida Kahlo Frederika Marie Joseph "Frieda" Brepoels, Belgian MEP Frieda Dänzer, Swiss Olympic skier Frieda Inescort, Scottish actress Frieda Harrison, birth name of Suzy Kendall, English actress Frieda A. Schneider, birth name of Gracie Doll Earles, German dwarf performer of The Doll Family Frieda Ekotto, Cameroonian-American novelist Frieda Belinfante, Dutch cellist and WWII resistance leader Frieda Leontine Mauritia Van Themsche, Belgian politician John Frieda, English hairstylist Cancel


Which city, established in 1849 as a protective Army outpost situated on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River, is the home of a NASCAR track called The Texas Motor Speedway?

Fort Worth, Texas : Map (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki Fort Worth is the seventeenth-largest city in the United States of America and the fifth-largest city within the state of Texas . Located in and a cultural gateway into the American West , the city covers nearly in Tarrant , Parker , and Denton counties, serving as the county seat for Tarrant County. According to 2009 estimates by the North Central Texas Council of Governments , the city has a population of 720,250, with an estimated growth to 750,000 by the 2010 decennial U. S. Census . The city is the second-largest cultural and economic center of the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (commonly called the Metroplex ). Fort Worth and the surrounding Metroplex area offer numerous business opportunities and a wide array of attractions. Established originally in 1849 as a protective Army outpost situated on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River, the city of Fort Worth today still embraces its western heritage and traditional architecture and design. History Lithograph (1876) By the 1840s scores of Americans from the East coast were moving westward. As Ranchers and Settlers from the Eastern states made their way into the area, Native Americans retreated from the North Texas frontier. Meanwhile, tensions mounted between the Republic of Texas and its southern neighbor, Mexico , since Texas' victory over Mexico at San Jacinto in 1836. The Mexican-American War Texas remained an independent Republic for nine years prior to being annexed as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. Less than three months later on March 24, 1846, an American Army commanded by General Zachary Taylor was encamped along the northern banks of the Rio Grande , directly across the river from Mexican soldiers. Within a month, hostilities commenced and a large body of Mexican cavalrymen attacked a patrol of dragoons (soldiers trained to fight on foot, but who transport themselves on horseback) on April 23, 1846. Declaring, "American blood had been shed on American soil", President Polk addressed Congress, who declared war on Mexico. Major General William Jenkins Worth (1794-1849) was second in command to General Zachary Taylor at the opening of the Mexican-American War in 1846. Born in Hudson, NY, Worth was a tall and commanding figure said to be the best horseman and handsomest man in the Army. He was of a manly, generous nature, and possessed talents that would have won him distinction on any field of action. While leading his troops, Worth personally planted the first American flag on the Rio Grande. Under General Taylor, Worth conducted negotiations for Mexico's surrender of Matamoros and was entrusted with the assault on the Bishop's Palace in Monterrey , Mexico. The assault on the Bishop's Palace was a hazardous undertaking. Worth and his troops managed to drag their cannon and ammunition over adverse terrain and up sheer cliff faces while under constant heavy enemy fire. Worth passed from post to post during the entire action on horseback escaping personal injury and losing a minimal number of his soldiers. Worth played a critical role in the capture of Puebla (Mexico's second largest city in 1846) and was one of the first to enter the city of Mexico , where he personally cut down the Mexican flag that waved over the National Palace. At the end of the Mexican-American War in 1848, Worth was placed in command of the Department of Texas in 1849. The Fort In January 1849 Worth proposed a line of ten forts to mark the Western Texas frontier from Eagle Pass to the confluence of the West Fork and Clear Fork of the Trinity River . One month later Worth died from cholera. Worth was a well respected and decorated U.S. Army General at the time of his death and a hero of three wars. Fort Worth, Texas; Lake Worth, Texas; Lake Worth, Florida; and Worth County, Georgia are named in his honor. Upon Worth's death, General William S. Harney assumed command of the Department of Texas and ordered Major Ripley A. Arnold to find a new fort site near the West Fork and Clear Fork. On June 6, 1849, Arnold establ


In 1936, Anastasio Somoza became the dictator of which country?

Nicaragua - The Somoza Era, 1936-74 The Somoza Era, 1936-74 Nicaragua Table of Contents Somoza Garc�a controlled political power, directly as president or     indirectly through carefully chosen puppet presidents, from 1936 until     his assassination in 1956. A cynical and opportunistic individual,     Somoza Garc�a ruled Nicaragua with a strong arm, deriving his power     from three main sources: the ownership or control of large portions of     the Nicaraguan economy, the military support of the National Guard, and     his acceptance and support from the United States. His excellent command     of the English language and understanding of United States culture,     combined with a charming personality and considerable political talent     and resourcefulness, helped Somoza Garc�a win many powerful allies in     the United States. Through large investments in land, manufacturing,     transport, and real estate, he enriched himself and his close friends. After Somoza Garc�a won in the December 1936 presidential elections,     he diligently proceeded to consolidate his power within the National     Guard, while at the same time dividing his political opponents. Family     members and close associates were given key positions within the     government and the military. The Somoza family also controlled the PLN,     which in turn controlled the legislature and judicial system, thus     giving Somoza Garc�a absolute power over every sphere of Nicaraguan     politics. Nominal political opposition was allowed as long as it did not     threaten the ruling elite. Somoza Garc�a's National Guard repressed     serious political opposition and antigovernment demonstrations. The     institutional power of the National Guard grew in most government-owned     enterprises, until eventually it controlled the national radio and     telegraph networks, the postal and immigration services, health     services, the internal revenue service, and the national railroads. In     less than two years after his election, Somoza Garc�a, defying the     Conservative Party, declared his intention to stay in power beyond his     presidential term. Thus, in 1938 Somoza Garc�a named a Constituent     Assembly that gave the president extensive power and elected him for     another eight-year term. Somoza Garc�a's opportunistic support of the Allies during World War     II benefited Nicaragua by injecting desperately needed United States     funds into the economy and increasing military capabilities. Nicaragua     received relatively large amounts of military aid and enthusiastically     integrated its economy into the wartime hemispheric economic plan,     providing raw materials in support of the Allied war effort. Exports of     timber, gold, and cotton soared. However, because more than 90 percent     of all exports went to the United States, the growth in trade also     increased the country's economic and political dependence. Somoza Garc�a built an immense fortune for himself and his family     during the 1940s through substantial investments in agricultural     exports, especially in coffee and cattle. The government confiscated     German properties and then sold them to Somoza Garc�a and his family at     ridiculously low prices. Among his many industrial enterprises, Somoza     Garc�a owned textile companies, sugar mills, rum distilleries, the     merchant marine lines, the national Nicaraguan Airlines (L�neas A�reas     de Nicaragua--Lanica), and La Salud dairy--the country's only     pasteurized milk facility. Somoza Garc�a also gained large profits from     economic concessions to national and foreign companies, bribes, and     illegal exports. By the end of World War II, Somoza Garc�a had amassed     one of the largest fortunes in the region--an estimated US$60 million. After World War II, however, widespread domestic and international     opposit


What city built the first underground train network?

London Underground's history London Underground's history This is an archived page. The tube is an engineering marvel: 150 years in the making, with 253 miles of passageway snaking under the capital, carrying millions of people every day. It's crowded, uncomfortable and expensive - but it defined London. And it's ours. Time Out champions one of the true wonders of the Western World, and pioneers who built it Peter WattsPosted: Tue Apr 17 2007 Commuters at Leytonstone staton around 1900 Image courtesy London Transport Museum ( www.ltmuseum.co.uk ) © Transport For London It was, on the face of it, a stupid idea. Running trains, and steam trains at that, in tunnels underneath the London streets. In 1862, the Times described it as an ‘insult to common sense’ and it was probably right. But the London Underground turned out to be one of the great engineering feats of modern times, the world’s only steam-driven underground railway and the first electrified underground railway. A socially egalitarian and liberating phenomenon, it helped drive London’s rapid expansion and got people to work on time, while providing the city with a bold new identity through impeccable branding that incorporated iconic typography, cartography and architecture. And yet… And yet… It’s fair to say that the Underground remains unloved by Londoners, and it would take a more dishonest contrarian than I to defend the grime, the delays, the heat, the way it’s so busy and unreliable and the fact that, year after year, we are asked to pay more for a service that doesn’t seem to be getting any better, cleaner, quicker or cooler. But that’s a fault of management and decades of underinvestment, not of a system that remains something Londoners should treasure as remarkable, groundbreaking and emphatically ours. West Brompton Underground station in 1876. Image courtesy London Transport Museum ( www.ltmuseum.co.uk ) © Transport For London The story began with Charles Pearson, the first in a succession of underground visionaries. It was he who first proposed the notion of ‘trains in drains’ in 1845, when the railway was a relatively new invention (the first steam passenger service only opened in 1830). Pearson, instrumental in the removal of the anti-Catholic inscription on the foot of the Monument, was a progressive and a pioneer – his persistence helped persuade the House of Commons to approve a bill in 1853 to build a subterranean railway between Paddington and Farringdon. The reason such a hare-brained, experimental scheme received approval was one of necessity. London roads were suffering from terrible overcrowding and the mainline railways all stopped on the fringes of the West End and City thanks to a Royal Commission of 1846 that declared central London a no-go area for railway companies. A method of linking the mainline stations of Paddington, Euston and King’s Cross was needed, and Pearson’s plan fitted the bill. He helped raise the finance from private investors and the City of London, and excavation began in 1860, with a shallow trench dug beneath Euston Road and then covered over. Thousands of poor residents were displaced in the process. The Metropolitan Line opened for business on January 10 1863, clocking 30,000 passengers on the first day. A celebratory banquet had been held the previous day at Farringdon. Pearson was not among the guests, having passed away the previous year. Another absentee was Prime Minister Lord Palmerston, who was approaching his 80th birthday, and said he wanted to spend as much time above ground as he possibly could (he died two years later). Park Royal's rudimentary station in 1907 Image courtesy London Transport Museum ( www.ltmuseum.co.uk ) © Transport For London The Metropolitan was a success, with 11.8 million passengers (the population of London was about 3.2 million) braving the foul, smoke-filled conditions in its first year. The Metropolitan’s owners claimed the ‘invigorating’ atmosphere ‘provided a sort of health resort for people who suffered from asthma’, but they also allowed drivers to grow beards in a futile


What city ceased to be the capital of Japan?

Tokyo | national capital, Japan | Britannica.com national capital, Japan NEC Corporation Tokyo, formerly (until 1868) Edo , city and capital of Tokyo to (metropolis) and of Japan . It is located at the head of Tokyo Bay on the Pacific coast of central Honshu . It is the focus of the vast metropolitan area often called Greater Tokyo, the largest urban and industrial agglomeration in Japan. View of Tokyo at night. © Digital Vision/Getty Images Department store complex in a fashionable shopping district of Shibuya ward, Tokyo, Japan. Orion Press A brief treatment of Tokyo follows. For full treatment, see Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area . The site of Tokyo has been inhabited since ancient times; the small fishing village of Edo existed there for centuries. Edo’s development into a city did not occur until the Tokugawa period (1603–1867), when it became the capital of the Tokugawa shogunate. During this period, however, the imperial family remained in Kyōto, the ancient imperial capital. With the Meiji Restoration of 1868, which ended the shogunate, the capital was moved to Edo. The city was renamed Tokyo, meaning “eastern capital.” Edo had been Japan’s largest city since the 17th century. Tokyo’s population exceeded one million in the late 19th century, and as Japan’s political, economic, and cultural centre it became one of the world’s most populous cities in the 20th century. Tokyo-Yokohama Metropolitan Area: The city is built on low, alluvial plains and adjacent upland hills. The climate is mild in winter and hot and humid in the summer. Early summer and early autumn are rainy seasons; two or three typhoons usually occur during September and October. The metropolitan area is the largest industrial, commercial, and financial centre in Japan. Many domestic and international financial institutions and other businesses are headquartered in central Tokyo. The city is an important wholesale centre, where goods from all parts of the country and the world are distributed. Tokyo is part of the Keihin Industrial Zone , centred on the western shore of the bay, which has become the country’s leading manufacturing region. Light and labour-intensive industries predominate in the city, notably printing and publishing and the manufacture of electronic equipment. Worker in the Tsukiji fish market, Tokyo. © Peter Gordon/Shutterstock.com Kyōto Encircled by stone-walled moats and broad gardens, the Imperial Palace , the home of the emperor of Japan, lies at the heart of the city. East of and adjacent to the Imperial Palace is the colourful Marunouchi district, the financial hub and a major centre of Japanese business activity. South of the palace is the Kasumigaseki district, containing many national government offices. West of that is Nagatacho, where the National Diet Building (parliament) is located. Tokyo has no single central business district, but the city is dotted with urban centres, usually around railroad stations, where department stores, shops, hotels, office buildings, and restaurants are clustered. In between are less intensively developed neighbourhoods with similar mixtures. The buildings in these districts range from stone and brick structures of the Meiji period (1868–1912) to postwar concrete and steel skyscrapers; there are also a dwindling number of wooden, Japanese-style buildings. The brightly lit Ginza shopping district, located in the eastern part of the central city, is world renowned. Northeast of the Imperial Palace, the Kanda district is noted for its many universities, bookstores, and publishers. Although Tokyo’s parks are not as large as those in some major American or European cities, they are numerous and often contain exquisite Japanese gardens. The Nijū Bridge, across an inner moat of the Imperial Palace grounds, Tokyo, Japan, and … Leo de Wys Inc./Steve Vidler Tokyo is Japan’s major cultural centre. Displays depicting the art and history of Japan and Asia are featured at the Tokyo National Museum in Ueno Park. Ueno Park is also the site of a science museum, a zoological garden , and two major art museums


Egypt opens new Suez Canal | GulfNews.com Egypt opens new Suez Canal Mohammad: New Suez Canal has opened to its people and the region a new hope and a promising future A cargo ship crosses a new waterway at the Suez Canal during its opening ceremony on August 6, 2015. Image Credit: AFP Egyptian air force planes parade during the inauguration ceremony of the new Suez Canal in Ismailia, Aug. 6, 2Image Credit: AP A view of the Suez Canal from Al Salam 'Peace' bridge on the Ismalia desert roadImage Credit: REUTERS Egyptian President Abdul Fattah Al Sissi stands in boat on the Suez Canal as he attends the celebration of an Image Credit: Reuters Al Sissi (L) talks to Mohab Mameesh, chairman of the Suez Canal Authority, as they attend the celebrations. Image Credit: Reuters Commercial ships pass through the new Suez Canal, which officially opened on Thursday.Image Credit: Agency Egyptians wear Pharaonic costumes as they greet a monarchy-era yacht as it sailed to the venue of a ceremony uImage Credit: AP An Egyptian woman holds a small boat as she and other Egyptian's celebrate the new Suez Canal opening in TImage Credit: AP Al-Sissi with Hollande ride on a cart during the opening ceremony of a new Suez Canal in Ismailiya. Image Credit: AFP VIPs arrive for the opening ceremony of the new Suez Canal on August 6, 2015 in Ismailiya.Image Credit: AFP A girl carries a national flag while riding in a car as people gather in Tahrir square to celebrate an extensiImage Credit: REUTERS Egyptian military planes perform during a ceremony to unveil a new Suez Canal.Image Credit: AFP A Egyptian soldier stands guard on the bank of the Suez Canal during a ceremony to unveil a new waterway, in tImage Credit: AFP Girls wave national flags as they ride in a car in Tahrir square where people gather to celebrate the opening Image Credit: REUTERS Soldiers on guard before the opening ceremony of the new Suez Canal.Image Credit: REUTERS ‹ › Published: 21:51 August 6, 2015 Compiled by Biju Mathew and Jay Hilotin, News Editors   LARGE Al Sissi inaugurates new canal Egypt staged a show of international support on Thursday as it inaugurated a major extension of the Suez Canal which President Abdul Fattah Al Sissi hopes will power an economic turnaround in the Arab world’s most populous country. The former armed forces chief, who led a military takeover two years ago but ran for president as a civilian last year, told a ceremony attended by leaders of  France, Russia, Arab and African states that Egypt would defeat terrorism. The $8-billion New Suez Canal project was completed in just one year instead of three on Al Sissi’s orders. “Work did not take place in normal circumstances, and these circumstances still exist and we are fighting them and we will defeat them,” Al Sissi said after signing an order allowing ships to cross the new stretch of waterway. “Egypt during this year stood against the most dangerous terrorist threat that would burn the world if it could.” The spectacular inauguration was also intended to bolster his international standing in the presence of His Highness Shaikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, French President Francois Hollande, Russian Prime Minister Dimitry Medvedev, King Abdullah of Jordan, the emir of Kuwait and the king of Bahrain. US Secretary of State John Kerry was in Cairo on Aug. 2 for a strategic dialogue with Egypt, but no top-level representative of the Obama administration attended the ceremony. In the presence of @HHShkMohd , Egyptian President El Sisi officially announces the opening of the New Suez Canal pic.twitter.com/zvspE0vISR — Dubai Media Office (@DXBMediaOffice) August 6, 2015 Pics: @HHShkMohd attending inauguration ceremony and launch of the new Suez Canal in Egypt pic.twitter.com/Pz2S1KTrH8 — Dubai Media Office (@DXBMediaOffice) August 6, 2015 President Al Sissi arrives at Suez Canal opening ceremony on the iconic ship Al Mahroosah. #مصر_بتفرح pic.twitter.com/BqwURtB18Z — Mohammed Almezel (@Almezel) August 6, 2015 Egyptian President Abdul Fa


Who had a tea party with the Mad Hatter and the March Hare?

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland -- Chapter VII CHAPTER VII A Mad Tea-Party There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house, and the March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it: a Dormouse was sitting between them, fast asleep, and the other two were using it as a cushion, resting their elbows on it, and talking over its head. `Very uncomfortable for the Dormouse,' thought Alice; `only, as it's asleep, I suppose it doesn't mind.' The table was a large one, but the three were all crowded together at one corner of it: `No room! No room!' they cried out when they saw Alice coming. `There's plenty of room!' said Alice indignantly, and she sat down in a large arm-chair at one end of the table. Mad Tea Party `Have some wine,' the March Hare said in an encouraging tone. Alice looked all round the table, but there was nothing on it but tea. `I don't see any wine,' she remarked. `There isn't any,' said the March Hare. `Then it wasn't very civil of you to offer it,' said Alice angrily. `It wasn't very civil of you to sit down without being invited,' said the March Hare. `I didn't know it was your table,' said Alice; `it's laid for a great many more than three.' `Your hair wants cutting,' said the Hatter. He had been looking at Alice for some time with great curiosity, and this was his first speech. `You should learn not to make personal remarks,' Alice said with some severity; `it's very rude.' The Hatter opened his eyes very wide on hearing this; but all he said was, `Why is a raven like a writing-desk?' `Come, we shall have some fun now!' thought Alice. `I'm glad they've begun asking riddles.--I believe I can guess that,' she added aloud. `Do you mean that you think you can find out the answer to it?' said the March Hare. `Exactly so,' said Alice. `Then you should say what you mean,' the March Hare went on. `I do,' Alice hastily replied; `at least--at least I mean what I say--that's the same thing, you know.' `Not the same thing a bit!' said the Hatter. `You might just as well say that "I see what I eat" is the same thing as "I eat what I see"!' Hatter engaging in rhetoric `You might just as well say,' added the March Hare, `that "I like what I get" is the same thing as "I get what I like"!' `You might just as well say,' added the Dormouse, who seemed to be talking in his sleep, `that "I breathe when I sleep" is the same thing as "I sleep when I breathe"!' `It is the same thing with you,' said the Hatter, and here the conversation dropped, and the party sat silent for a minute, while Alice thought over all she could remember about ravens and writing-desks, which wasn't much. The Hatter was the first to break the silence. `What day of the month is it?' he said, turning to Alice: he had taken his watch out of his pocket, and was looking at it uneasily, shaking it every now and then, and holding it to his ear. Alice considered a little, and then said `The fourth.' `Two days wrong!' sighed the Hatter. `I told you butter wouldn't suit the works!' he added looking angrily at the March Hare. `It was the best butter,' the March Hare meekly replied. `Yes, but some crumbs must have got in as well,' the Hatter grumbled: `you shouldn't have put it in with the bread-knife.' The March Hare took the watch and looked at it gloomily: then he dipped it into his cup of tea, and looked at it again: but he could think of nothing better to say than his first remark, `It was the best butter, you know.' Alice had been looking over his shoulder with some curiosity. `What a funny watch!' she remarked. `It tells the day of the month, and doesn't tell what o'clock it is!' `Why should it?' muttered the Hatter. `Does your watch tell you what year it is?' `Of course not,' Alice replied very readily: `but that's because it stays the same year for such a long time together.' `Which is just the case with mine,' said the Hatter. Alice felt dreadfully puzzled. The Hatter's remark seemed to have no sort of meaning in it, and yet it was certainly English. `I don't quite understand you,' she said, as politely as she could. `The Dor


What country was briefly led by Emperor Maximilian - a puppet of France?

The French in Mexico: The Unhappy Tale of Archduke Maximilian Blog The French in Mexico: The Unhappy Tale of Archduke Maximilian The United States was unable to enforce the Monroe Doctrine during the Civil War years and several European powers contemplated dabbling in Western hemispheric affairs. The most notable adventure was attributed to Napoleon III of France, who used the pretext of collecting overdue loans to Mexico to justify the invasion of that country. In truth, the French were really trying to recapture some of the grandeur of earlier Napoleonic times. They had support from conservative elements within Mexico, who had tired of the regular cycle of unrest and revolution. The French forces suffered some embarrassing early defeats, but were able to occupy Mexico City in June 1863. They established a puppet government under Austro-Hungarian Archduke Fernando Maximilian, who was named emperor of Mexico in 1864. Opposition from the previous government and liberal (or republican) forces plunged the country into general warfare. The insurgents in the north were led by Benito Juï¿½rez and those in the south by Porfirio Dï¿½az. Both armies were repeatedly defeated by French forces, but managed to keep a presence in the field. The United States opposed the European presence, but was distracted by its own turmoil. When the Civil War ended in 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward turned up the diplomatic heat. The French, tiring of the financial drain more than fearing American disapproval, began withdrawing its forces. The French presence remained but was concentrated in the major cities; the warfare in the provinces was conducted by Mexicans hired for the imperial army. Those forces felt minimal loyalty to Maximilian and desertion rates were very high. Soldiers-of-fortune from all parts of the world were attracted to this conflict, including large numbers of American Civil War veterans. Early in 1867, the remaining French soldiers withdrew; the empire collapsed almost immediately. Maximilian was captured, tried and executed in June on that year. His wife Carlotta was spared, but she drifted into insanity. Known as ï¿½Carlotta la Loca," she lived out her final years in a French asylum. In Mexico the government was taken over by Juï¿½rez, who held office until his death in 1872. Later Dï¿½az would rule as a dictator for more than 30 years. This incident impacted American history in an additional way. In the Hampton Roads Peace Conference of early 1865, the Confederate delegates used the French presence in Mexico as a major bargaining chip. They proposed that a joint military effort be mounted to drive the French from Mexico, but insisted that the Civil War be ended and the Confederacy be granted full recognition. Lincoln dismissed the matter in full.


What service used horses to carry mail across the American west?

The Pony Express: Riders of Destiny By Christopher Corbett Every spring the National Pony Express Association attempts a scrupulously authentic reenactment of the legendary cross-country mail ride linking St. Joe on the wide Missouri with the California state capital of Sacramento. But as no one is entirely sure exactly what happened on April 3, 1860 — or for the rest of the 78 or so weeks the Pony Express crossed the West — scrupulous authenticity is something of a problem. The run, of nearly 2,000 miles, is longer, its reenactors always stress, than the fabled Iditarod dog-sled race, but they don’t have to deal with Alaska’s cold. And they also avoid snow. Since there is still too much snow in much of the West at the beginning of April, the Pony re-rides are held in June. The Pony Express was in business of one sort or another between April 3, 1860, and October 26, 1861. Purists like to tweak that ending date, noting that mailbags — called mochilas — were still in transit into November. But for all practical purposes ‘our little friend the Pony,’ as the Sacramento Bee called it, ran no more after the transcontinental telegraph was completed on October 24, 1861. The story of the Pony Express is a bit like the story of Paul Revere’s ride — an actual historic event, rooted in fact and layered with centuries (a century and a half in the Pony’s case) of fabrications, embellishments and outright lies. In the mid-20th century, William Floyd, one of a legion of amateur historians to delve into the tale of the Pony Express, threw up his hands and observed, ‘It’s a tale of truth, half-truth and no truth at all.’ He was right on each account. Read More in Wild West Magazine Subscribe online and save nearly 40%!!! The business was called the Central Overland California and Pike’s Peak Express Company, a name too cumbersome to appear on anything. The company’s mail service across America in 1860 and 1861 became known as the Pony Express, a legend in its own time. Americans living on the Pacific slope in the newly minted state of California, drawn there by the Gold Rush, were desperate for news of home. The Pony Express dramatically filled that gap by promising to deliver mail across the country from the end of the telegraph in the East to the start of the telegraph in the West, in 10 days time or less. Normal mail, brought overland or via ship, took months. The term ‘pony express’ had been used before, and, indeed, Americans had transmitted information on the backs of fast horses since colonial times. Historians of mail service always note that Genghis Khan used mounted couriers. It was from the first a madcap if wonderfully romantic idea. Well-mounted light fellows (Mark Twain called them ‘little bits of men, brimful of spirit’) would, by using a series of fresh horses and relief stations, cross wild and largely uninhabited expanses from Missouri to the far coast. The firm that bankrolled the Pony — and the term bankrolled must be used very lightly, for the venture hemorrhaged money from day one — was Russell, Majors & Waddell. Household names in their heyday on the frontier, William Hepburn Russell, Alexander Majors and William Bradford Waddell had made their reputation hauling freight to military outposts. Their business may very well have been broke when the Pony Express started (the result of massive losses incurred freighting during the so-called Mormon War of the late 1850s), but no one appears to have known that. The firm’s reputation and the chutzpah of its primary spokesman, Russell, got things rolling. The business — which originally intended to cross the west once a week, moving important mail on horseback — was not a financially sound venture. Russell, Majors & Waddell spent a great deal of money on horses and dozens of way stations, which were required every 10 to 15 miles depending on the terrain. They also had to hire riders and station tenders. East of Salt Lake City, the Pony Express appears to have piggybacked on existing overland stage operations, but west of the Mormon Jerusalem, things got a little dicey. It w


What country was unified under King Victor Emmanuel II?

Victor Emmanuel II | king of Italy | Britannica.com Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II, (born March 14, 1820, Turin , Piedmont, Kingdom of Sardinia —died January 9, 1878, Rome , Italy ), king of Sardinia–Piedmont who became the first king of a united Italy. Victor Emmanuel II. Alinari/Art Resource, New York Brought up in the court of his father, Charles Albert , and given a conventional monarchical education emphasizing religious and military training, he was married to his cousin Maria Adelaide, daughter of an Austrian archduke. After the Revolution of 1848, when war broke out with Austria, Victor Emmanuel was given command of a division. In the luckless campaign that followed he proved a brave soldier but an indifferent general. Ascending the throne on his father’s abdication, he consolidated his position by suppressing the republican left and paying an indemnity to Austria, which brought him considerable opprobrium in Italy. In November 1852 he made the momentous decision to turn the government over to the able, determined Count Cavour , whose skillful manoeuvres over the next few years made him king of Italy. At the decisive battles of Magenta and Solferino, he commanded the Piedmontese corps in person, and following the armistice of Villafranca, he exercised a valuable restraint on Cavour, who wanted to continue the war alone. The following year Victor Emmanuel secretly encouraged Garibaldi in the conquest of Sicily and Naples; he then led his Piedmontese army into papal territory to link up with Garibaldi in the face of an excommunication by Pius IX . Victor Emmanuel II, undated engraving. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Following Cavour’s death in 1861, Victor Emmanuel played a more direct role in government and despite setbacks achieved two notable triumphs: the acquisition of Venetia through war on the side of Bismarck’s Prussia in 1866, and of Rome after the withdrawal of the French garrison in 1870. The occupation of Rome as the national capital so antagonized Pius IX that he refused all overtures toward reconciliation, and no meeting ever took place between the two sovereigns; nevertheless, on Victor Emmanuel’s death in 1878 Pius permitted his burial in the Pantheon. Learn More in these related articles: in Italy


What derogatory term applied to Yankees who moved to the South for business reasons?

Interesting History of Southern Words Home | Southern Commandments | Characteristics of the Classic Southern Pick-up Truck | Tips For All Southern Occasions | Things seen More of in the South | Southern Charms | Southern Sayings Page | Rules And Warnings For Yankees | Are You a True Southerner? | Interesting History of Southern Words | Southern Tidbits | North --VS-- South | Southern Football v.s. Northern Football | A Short Lesson On Southernisms | Warning from the Southern Tourism Bureau | Tips for Northerners moving South | Things You'll Hear Only in the South... | The Ten Commandments of Grits | Southern Jokes | Southern Supper Recipes | Southern Soup And Chili Recipes | Southern Bread Recipes | Southern Salad Recipes | Southern Pies, Cakes & Cobbler Recipes | Southern Vegatable Recipes | Southern Candy Recipes | Southern Hors d'Oeuvres | Southern Cookies And Brownies | Southern Dip Recipes | Things You Will Never Hear From A Southerner Interesting History                   of Southern Words CARPETBAGGER: A term of disgrace applied                   to Yankee opportunists and uncompromising Secessionist who settled in the South during and after the Civil War, some with                   all their possessions in carpetbags. Years later, history shows us that some carpetbaggers were respected citizens who came                   to the South for humanitarian and legitimate business reasons. But, for the most part, they were trouble. **In earlier years                   the term described itinerant bankers who carried their negotiable assets in gritchels made of carpeting material. SCALAWAGS:                   Southern whites who, during the Reconstruction Era, joined carpetbaggers and freedman for profit and political power. They                   formed the Republican party in the South. REDNECK: Two definitions from 2 different sources** First definition- One                   of Southern, rural, or small town origin. This term describes poor white subsistence farmers, sharecroppers, and tenants beginning                   in the nineteenth century. They had red necks from working in the field long hours. Second definition- The Scottish origin                   to supporters of the National Covenant and The Solemn League Covenant, or "Covenanters", largely Lowland Presbyterians. In                   1638 and 1641 many covenanters signed documents which made notice that Scotland wished the Presbyterian form of church government,                   not the Church of England as the official state church. Some Covenanters signed in their own blood and wore red pieces of                   cloth around their necks as distinctive insignia; hence the term "Red neck". Since many Ulster-Scottish settlers in America                   (especially the South) were Presbyterian, the definition was to describe them, and then, later, their Southern descendants. GOOD                   OL’ BOY: A rough and fun lover who likes most anything involving challenge and expression of virility. Many wear cowboy                   hats and boots, and drive pick-up trucks equipped with CB radios, fishing rods, and firearms. COON-ASS: A good ol’ boy in Cajun Country. Second definition: Only people born and raised in South Louisiana, and of French Canadian decent (the original Acadians) are called this, and it is generally considered a vulgar and derogatory term, and most South Louisiana                   residents of French decent do not use this term. Thank you for stopping by!


What did the U.S. buy from Russia for just two cents an acre?

Native History: U.S. Buys Alaska for Two Cents an Acre From Russia - Indian Country Media Network Events litsite.org The Russian-America Company had been fur trading in Alaska for some 83 years before Hayward Hutchinson, a Civil War business promoter, travelled to Sitka in 1867 to bid on the company’s remaining assets. Native History: U.S. Buys Alaska for Two Cents an Acre From Russia Christina Rose • October 18, 2013 This Date in Native History: On October 18, 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from Russia for two cents an acre, or $7.2 million in gold, which amounts to about $16.5 billion in 2007 currency according to an Economix blog . Alaska’s history began thousands of years ago with the Natives who lived according to the provisions and possibilities of nature. Food was abundant and snow was preferable to mud for travel. But with the arrival of the Russian fur traders in the early 1700s, came fur rush and like the miners of the gold rush, the scourge of “fugitive serfs, ex convicts, debtors” arrived from Russia to Alaska and treated the Natives in an abusive, torturous manner, according to an Alaska History and Cultural Studies course offered by the Alaska Humanities Forum. The enormous state of Alaska is about one-fifth the size of the United States, but it was the coastal areas that saw the greatest impact from the intruders. In 1778, British navigator Captain James Cook noted that the Russians had intermarried and taken on the culture of the Natives. Yet in other areas, violence, enslavement, and hostilities continued. Richard Dauenhauer, a retired Alaskan language and culture professor from the University of Alaska, expressed concern that too much focus is placed on the hostilities and not enough credit is given for the working relationships that also existed. “Natives had the option of being a citizen of Russia or not. Native people mapped the Marshall Islands, charted the coast. One Alaska Native man was a governor in Siberia. A lot of people at that time had Russian fathers and Native mothers. This created the Creole class, which was important in the middle management of the colony.” Native Alaskans also formed partnerships with Russian companies, Dauenhauer said, adding that many Natives held positions as teachers and officers and attended prestigious military schools. He asked, “Where did you see that kind of power among Natives anywhere else in the U.S. at that time?” Alaska.edu Richard Dauenhauer addresses a crowd of friends and co-workers during a reception in Juneau celebrating his receipt of the 2013 Bullock Prize for Excellence. Approximately 45 percent of the people labeled Russians were Native peoples from Siberia, and the Alaska Native languages and cultures were never threatened; bilingualism was the norm, Dauenhauer said. “The Natives weren’t competing with the Russians. The Creole people, Russian-Natives, would have been considered Native by BIA standards even though they had Russian names. The problem is that people stereotype and focus on the abuse,” Dauenhauer wrote in an email. “Many Aleuts teamed up with the Siberians in mutually beneficial relationships.” wilderness.org/blog Pictured from left, are, Second Chief Ed Alexander, Wilderness Society’s Nicole Whittington-Evans, and First Chief Michael Peter. In 1794, Russian missionaries arrived and established schools that designed writing systems for Native languages and translated scripture, Dauenhauer said. The treaties made during the Russian/American period from 1732 to 1837 focused almost solely on the fur trade. Gold mining began in the 1880s and 1890s, after the U.S. purchased Alaska, and continues today. Alaska still produces more gold than any other state, except Nevada. For more than a century, Russia, and ultimately the United States, England, Spain and others took advantage of Alaska’s fur trade until the animal resources became severely depleted. With so many outside parties coming into Alaska, Dauenhauer said Russia’s decision to sell was based on the fact that it was almost impossible to defend the entire coastline. Once A


What mountain on the Swiss / Italian border was climbed for the first time?

Why Is Mont Blanc One of the World's Deadliest Mountains? - The Atlantic The Atlantic Why Is Mont Blanc One of the World's Deadliest Mountains? Most Popular Over-eager guides and casual tourists crowd France's Mont Blanc, which has highest fatality rate in Europe. Mont Blanc looming over Lake Leman, in the Swiss Alps. (Reuters) Despite the wide coverage it received, the news last week that 11 people had died in two separate incidents just days apart on the slopes of Mont Blanc, high in the French Alps, was probably not a surprise to anyone familiar with the mountain. It has the highest fatality rate of any mountain in Europe. Some estimates put the fatality rate at an average of 100 hikers a year; others that more people die each year in the Mont Blanc range than in any decade in the Alaskan mountain ranges, including the far more dangerous and challenging 20,320-foot summit of Denali (otherwise known as Mount McKinley). The odd thing about those numbers is that while Mont Blanc is the tallest mountain in Europe (approximately 15,780 feet), it is not, from a purely technical standpoint, the most difficult to climb. Indeed, many guiding companies describe Mont Blanc as more of a "long walk" than any kind of challenging climb, although it does require crampons and ice axes to summit. So clearly, there's a bit of a disconnect involved. If climbing Mont Blanc is more of "a long walk" than a high-stakes, technical climb, why do so many people perish on its slopes? In the end, there are a number of reasons. But one big factor is the fact that European tour companies do portray the climb as a "long walk" that anybody who is in good physical condition can accomplish, with no previous climbing experience. The mountain also has extremely easy access -- teleferiques (gondolas) can take climbers up the first 9,000 feet or so. As a result, many of the 20,000-plus people who attempt the summit each year are inexperienced or completely novice climbers. They rely on the expertise of paid climbing guides to get them up and down the mountain safely. The advisability of having paid guides take climbers up challenging mountain peaks that they are unqualified to attempt themselves has been a hot topic of controversy in the climbing world ever since the 1996 Mount Everest disaster, chronicled in Jon Krakauer's book Into Thin Air, in which 8 people died. In Europe, however, using paid guides to assist climbers is a time-honored tradition. The first ascent of the Matterhorn, in 1865, on the Swiss-Italian border, was a guided climb. Worth noting, perhaps, is that four of the five "clients" perished on the descent. But while guided climbs of peaks like Mount Everest may have become a far more popular (and highly paid) phenomenon in the past 20 years, relying on the skill of a guide to get recreational climbers safely up and down a mountain is the accepted norm in Europe. That doesn't mean the practice is without risks. For one thing, it makes the slopes of mountains like Mont Blanc crowded in the summer months, since the number of "qualified" climbers is much higher than if only those capable of scaling the peak themselves were attempting it. Aside from the environmental cost of that many humans on a mountain (an issue even at places like Mount Everest as well as Mont Blanc), so many climbers means more people are exposed to more of the risks that a high-altitude mountain presents. There were, for example, 28 climbers caught by the avalanche on Mont Blanc on July 12. The crowded slopes also mean competition for footing in narrow places, as teams attempt to pass each other, and long waits at some points for access to passageways -- which means that climbers are exposed to high-altitude health risks, as well as cold and bad weather, for longer periods of time. The crowded nature of Alpine peaks like Mont Blanc means that spots in the overnight huts along the summit route are difficult to get. So if a team has a date reserved, and the weather looks iffy or someone doesn't feel good, there's still tremendous pressure to "go," because rescheduling or


What was the deadliest battle of the American Civil War?

Ten Costliest Battles of the American Civil War The Ten Costliest and Bloodiest Battles of the American              Civil War Estimated Total Casualties (killed,              wounded, missing, and captured) Civil War Battles with most Killed and Casualties Ten Deadliest Civil War Battles with most Casualties and Killed Top Ten Civil War Battles in most Killed, Mortally Wounded, and Casualties Civil War Killed, Wounded, and Missing Civil War Killed, Wounded, and Missing The deadly tally of the American Civil War (1861-1865) was an estimated 620,000 in total              killed, which was 2% of the total U.S. population. To compare the percentage of deaths              with the present-day U.S. population, it is equal to 6,000,000 killed. The majority of casualties and deaths              (not "killed") in the Civil War were the result of non-combat-related disease,              and for every soldier killed as a consequence of battle, two died of disease. The ten battles of the Civil War that              sustained the most casualties, collectively totaled nearly 300,000 in killed and wounded, which was more than the total              casualties from all of the nation's previous wars combined. Although casualties included fatalities, fatalities did not include              all casualties.   Casualties were              defined as soldiers who were unaccounted for or unavailable for service. Casualties included killed in action, mortally              wounded, wounded, missing, died of disease, died as a prisoner-of-war, died of causes other than battle, captured, and deserted.              On the other hand, fatalities only included soldiers who were killed in action, mortally wounded, and died of              disease or from other causes. Civil War statisticians of the era had a strict application of the words, killed,              died, dead, and deaths. Fatal is any action causing death. So if it's a fatality, it's death, if it is not fatal then it is              a casualty. Some however have erroneously interchanged casualty with fatality. Acclaimed Civil War statisticians              Fox and Dyer both applied similar metrics, and each applied one such metric cautiously while              striving to ascertain the difficult battle casualties known as missing-in-action, because often the missing soldier was discovered as              a prisoner-of-war or deserter, or was separated from his unit during the malaise, and at times was located dead on              the battlefield. The Union's final adjusted casualty tabulations for the many battles of the Civil War, as indicated              in the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, were tallied and              sealed upon the cessation of hostilities. While Washington greatly reduced the              nation's military when the war ended in 1865, it also expressed that all military persons declared as              missing-in-action to hereinafter be considered as killed-in-action, and it was a necessary move for the widow desiring              to collect the much needed pension of her late husband. Because efforts were abandoned to obtain an accounting of the              missing-in-action, a large numerical void had remained, causing both statisticians to concede in the 1880s that,              with abstract totals, the missing soldiers should henceforth be considered as killed-in-action, as the United              States government had stated in 1865 with Union victory. See also Total Civil War killed and dead by category for                each Union and Confederate state . Dead Soldiers' Remains at Cold Harbor Battlefield The Casualties of Civil War Ten Civil War


In what country did 20 million die after a man proclaimed himself as the brother of Jesus?

Jesus - Wikiquote Jesus Jump to: navigation , search A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another. By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another. Those who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted. If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come and follow me. What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Enter by the narrow gate; for wide is the gate and broad is the way that leads to destruction, and there are many who go in by it. Because narrow is the gate and difficult is the way which leads to life, and there are few who find it. What is exalted among men is an abomination in the sight of God. You shall know the truth , and the truth shall set you free . Jesus of Nazareth (8–2 BC – 29–36 AD), also known as Jesus Christ , Yeshua , Yasu , and Isa , is the central figure of Christianity , a philosopher , teacher , and martyr , believed to be the Messiah of ultimate salvation and Son of God by followers of Christian traditions. He is also considered an important prophet by Muslims . All Biblical quotes in this article should specify the translation or version which is being used. Contents Repent : for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. The sayings of Jesus as recorded in the New Testament have had a profound effect on human history and culture. The most often quoted English translation is the Authorized King James Version (KJV), first published by the Church of England in 1611. Some of the most well-known quotes are in bold. Main article: Gospel of Matthew I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you; That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven : for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Chapters 1–4[ edit ] 3:15 (KJV) Said to John the Baptist . It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God. 4:4 (KJV) Said to Satan It is written again, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God. 4:7 (KJV) Said to Satan Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve. 4:10 (KJV) Said to Satan Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. 4:17 (KJV) Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men. 4:19 (KJV) Said to Peter and Andrew Chapters 5–7, the Sermon on the Mount [ edit ] Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled. Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy. Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God. Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven . Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me. Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you. 5:1–12 (NIV) Often referred to as "The Beatitudes" this is the start of "The Sermon on the Mount ". You are the salt of the earth; but if the salt loses its flavor, how shall it be seasoned? It is then good for nothing but to be thrown out and trampled underfoot by men. You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden. Nor do they light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on a lampstand, and it gives light to all who are in the house. Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven. Matthew 5:13–16 (NIV) (See also: Mark 9:50; Luke 14:34, 35) But who


What railroad was completed by a golden spike in Utah?

Golden Spike National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service) Contact Us The Joining of a Nation May 10, 1869 the Union and Central Pacific Railroads joined their rails at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory and forged the destiny of a nation. Golden Spike National Historic Site shares the stories of the people and settings that define the completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad. Read More


What South American country lost 60% of its population in a devastating war?

South American Wars South American Wars   These few notes aim to provide some historical background on the events that have shaped the people I have met in the countries I visited in South America.   Wars of Independence (1806 - 1826) At the end of the 18th century, the South American pie was shared between Portugal that ruled its territory from Rio de Janeiro and Spain to whose possessions were partitioned between the three Viceroyalties of New Grenada (Bogotá), of Lima and of Rio de la Plata (Buenos Aires). Power was maintained in the hands of a small European born elite in spite of the complaints of a growing number of American born colonists who had acquired wealth as landowners and merchants and resented their inferior status as "criollos". The colonies were allowed to trade only with their respective European powers who taxed all exports and imports. This was a time of change when science and reason challenged monarchies, the church and class distinctions. The American Revolution (1775 - 1783) and the French Revolution (1789 - 1799) provided examples to the frustrated Criollos. In Europe, the Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's control over its American colonies and forced the Portuguese Court to flee to Brazil.   Independence in the East After the French were driven from Portugal, the royal family chose to stay in Brazil which became a kingdom equal to Portugal in 1815. King Joao VI ruled both countries from Rio de Janeiro until his return to Portugal in 1822 leaving his son  Pedro  to rule in Brazil. When the Portuguese tried to regain control, Pedro refused and declared Brazil independent in September 1822. Brazil remained a monarchy until 1889. Brazil had been lucky to have a King to champion its independence. Not counting the Pernambuco Revolution which lasted 3 months in 1817 it become free without the ordeal of the vicious wars that Portugal's other colonies had to face a century and a half later.   Independence in the South In 1806 a British naval squadron attacked Buenos Aires and took it with little resistance from the Spanish colonial forces. A few months later a volunteer militia of Porteños (people of Buenos Aires), forced the invaders out and resisted recapture by British reinforcements. When Spain fell to Napoleon in 1810, prominent Criollos in Buenos Aires backed by this militia forced the last Spanish viceroy to surrender power to a local junta. Spain attempted to retake the Viceroyalty by blockading the estuary and by sending an army from Peru but were soundly defeated by the Buenos Aires forces who then undertook to spread the cause of independence. Central control was however contested by other provinces who resisted dominance by the Buenos Aires merchants who hoped to maintain their monopoly on trade. Across the river from Buenos Aires, Montevideo and its surroundings declared itself a separate "Eastern State" in 1815 (later Uruguay) under the leadership of  José Gervasio Artigas  backed by an army of gauchos. To the north-west,  Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia , "El Supremo", took control of Asunción in 1814, resisted the Buenos Aires forces and undertook to develop Paraguay in complete isolation. Distinct interests and long-standing resentment of the viceregal capital led some regions to pursue separate destinies. The assembly that finally proclaimed independence in 1816 received no delegates from several provinces, even though it was held outside Buenos Aires, in the interior city of Tucumán. In Upper Peru, some Buenos Aires forces enjoyed initial victories but soon retreated leaving the battle in the hands of the local Criollo, Mestizo, and Indian guerrillas. Other southern independence forces had more success on the Pacific coast. In 1817 the Criollo General José de San Martín  crossed the Andes with 5000 men and took Santiago with the assistance of Chilean patriots led by  Bernardo 0'Higgins  who became Chile's first president. After establishing naval dominance with the help of British and North American finance, San Martin's forces gained control of the coast and captured Lima in 1821. The Cle