Mintonette was the original name of which sport?

Mintonette and the History of Volley Ball In the USA and Globally – Volleyball1on1 How Mintonette was Invented and Later became Volley ball, and then Volleyball William G Morgan the founder of Mintonette which later became volley ball or Volleyball. Mintonette as it was originally called was the name given to the sport founded by William G Morgan that later became volley ball and today is known as volleyball. The sport roots can be traced back to Holyoke, Massachusetts when William the director at the local YMCA created the sport as an alternative to the more physical basketball. Basketball was becoming popular at the time but Morgan wanted to create a sport at his physicality where his members did not have to run. So he strung a badminton net in the gym and using the bladder of an old soccer ball invented volleyball. The sports orgins of “mintonette” are rooted in the fact that the original sport was much like badminton so “minton” to “mintonette.” The court was  25 by 50 feet originally and the net 6 feet 6 inches high. In attempt to bring in other sports the game originally was mimicked after baseball with 9 innings and 3  servers per inning. Also originally there were unlimited number of players on each side. William G Morgan died On December 27th 1942. He was inducted in the volleyball hall of fame in 1985 at its inauguration by another future hall of famer Doug Beal. Misty May and Kerri Walsh, today’s volleyballs super stars. Quick Mintonette and Volleyball Facts: Over 1 billion people tuned in to watch the first live beach volleyball at the 1996 Olympics. It is estimated that 1 billion people play volleyball weekly globally and that over 7 million people play in the United States. At the 2008 Olympics Beach Volleyball was the most viewed sport at the Olympics! Karch Kiraly is the most recognized Male volleyball player in the world. Misty May and Kerri Walsh are the most dominant and well known female volleyball players in the world. Share this post The greatest mystery presenter in volleyball Post navigation Free Player Or Team Evaluation With Membership Free Goods With Membership Celebrity Testimonials Volleyball1on1.com is the best solution to all of your volleyball questions from A to Z. Parents, players, coaches or fans Volleyball1on1.com can help take you to the next level including drills, scho… Gary Sato D.C. Japan National Team Head Coach Men's VolleyballGold, Bronze Medal Coach USA Mens My 15 year old daughter and I get a lot from the great videos. It gives her a different perspective than just from her fat old dad. Hats off to your great service. Thanks! Rudy DvorakU.S. Volleyball National Team Member “Thanks for putting these together. With lots of court coaches and players experimenting with beach/sand VB for the first time, this type of information is invaluable to the community.” Kathy DeBoerExecutive Director AVCA Having quality information flowing into your brain translates into taking purposeful action in training and competition, the more you hear what a top player or coach is telling you, the more you’ll be… Stein Metzger Beach Volleyball Olympian, AVP and FIVB WinnerThree-time NCAA Champion (UCLA) and '96 MVP Video instruction simplifies and breaks down the game of volleyball making it easy to grasp the fundamentals, improve skills and follow along. My video instruction on volleyball1on1 makes it easy for … Eric Fonoimoana Olympic Gold Medalist Beach Volleyball, King of the Beach, AVP and FIVB Winner High School and College Coaches Testimonials Great job on the site. I’ve coached now for 14 years and have had my eyes opened, almost revelation type stuff. I have been on your site for about 6 hrs a day and can’t get enough. Great work. Steven LamCoaching Director for ASA Club Max I’m working with my college team and coaches and have been showing the kids a video in between drills. We have been teaching our summer strength work with Seth’s band work videos. This spring season I… Mary SmithCollege volleyball coach Your site is invaluable to me. Especially being a beach volleyball coach. I’ve worked


Mega Annum - How is Mega Annum abbreviated? Mega Annum - How is Mega Annum abbreviated? http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/Mega+Annum Mature Audiences (TV program rating) ma Market America (independent entrepenurial corporation founded by James H Ridinger) MA Military Academy (West Point, NY) MA Morocco (ISO country code, top level domain) MA Martial Artist (gaming, Anarchy Online) MA Measurement and Analysis (process area; Capability Maturity Model Integration) MA Magister Artium (Master of Arts) MA Major Arcana (Lineage 2 game armor set) MA Mechanical Animals (Marilyn Manson album) MA Maître Auxiliaire (French: Adjunct Professor) MA Minor Arterial (State highway Information) MA Music Ant (online guide for music software) MA Maître Ès Arts (French: Master of Arts) Ma Mega Annum (one million years, geological chronology) MA Mini Alert (System Sensor Sounder) MA Multi-Alert (system sensor brand name) MA Willys-Overland 1/4 Ton 4 X 4 Truck (1st Model of WWII Jeep) MA Malev Hungarian Airlines Limited - Hungary (IATA airline code) MA MA Monoclonal Antibody Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.


Karanga is a ritual welcome chant of what people?

The Hobbit Fan fellowship - In Rotorua Traditional Maori 'Powhiri' ceremonial welcome - YouTube The Hobbit Fan fellowship - In Rotorua Traditional Maori 'Powhiri' ceremonial welcome Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 3, 2014 Māori Cultural Performance Our people are known for their great sense of humour and the concerts at Te Puia are a fun way to experience the personality of our Māori culture and traditions. One of our most entertaining forms of storytelling is kapa haka (Māori performance art) and at Te Puia we welcome you to find out why these performances should be on your list of essential things to do in Rotorua. An Authentic Māori Welcome Powhiri (ceremonial welcome) Powhiri is a ritual performed when two groups are meeting for the first time. Gather at the entrance to Rotowhio Marae and be introduced to this spine-tingling ceremony, which begins with the sound of the pūtatara (conch). We ask that visitors please be silent during this ceremony as a mark of respect. Wero (challenge) Following the pūtatara, a toa (warrior) will approach your group to challenge the (honorary) male chief and confirm your peaceful intent with the placing of a baton. In ancient times, lack of respect during this ceremony could result in death. Traditionally, the wero involved three challengers – the scout, the warrior, and the peacemaker – but today you will see these three elements embodied in the performance of a single warrior. Watch as the warrior ends his challenge with a sweeping motion to clear the path for visitors, before slapping his thigh to indicate an offer of peace. Finally, he will turn his back and pull an imaginary rope to lead you onto the marae. Karanga (welcome call) To show respect to the ancestors and the traditions of the visiting group, a female host will then perform a karanga (welcome call). This chant calls you forward and welcomes you onto the marae and into the Tupuna Whare (ancestral meeting house). Whaikorero (welcome speeches) Once inside the meeting house, you will be welcomed again and acknowledged as whānau (family) during our leader’s ceremonial speech. This speech will finish with a traditional waiata (chant) performed by the hosts. Kapa Haka (cultural performance) A true highlight of any Te Puia outing, our stunning cultural performances feature traditional storytelling and entertainment, with the opportunity to join in the graceful poi dance or ferocious haka, for a more intimate Maori cultural experience. Waiata-a-ringa (action songs) You will be treated to a series of traditional songs telling the stories of our ancestors and those of Maori legend. Hand movements and body actions are used to capture the essence of these stories as we showcase the dance steps of yesteryear. Poi Dance The captivating poi dance requires skill and grace, as you will witness during this part of the performance. Female visitors will have the opportunity to take part and try out some of the mesmerising poi moves and experience this beautiful and truly unique dance for themselves. Haka (challenge) Used traditionally to mentally and physically prepare warriors for battle, the world-renowned haka is a sight to behold. Following a spine-tingling performance by our own warriors, male visitors will be invited to the stage to learn the actions and sounds before performing a haka of their own. Titi torea (stick game) Watch as our performers pass batons back and forth in rhythm with the music, showcasing their agility and eye-hand coordination. These stick games have been a favourite of our people for centuries and were used in the past to improve the speed and movement of our warriors as they prepare for battle.


The binary number symbols 100 equate to what conventional number?

Binary, Hexadecimal and Octal number system - TI-Basic Developer TI-Basic Developer L₁ L₂ L₃ L₄ L₅ L₆ ≅ ℕ º L₁ L₂ L₃ L₄ L₅ L₆ ≅ ℕ º L₁ L₂ L₃ L₄ L₅ L₆ ≅ ℕ º pop out Binary, Hexadecimal and Octal number system Binary, hexadecimal, and octal refer to different number systems. The one that we typically use is called decimal. These number systems refer to the number of symbols used to represent numbers. In the decimal system, we use ten different symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. With these ten symbols, we can represent any quantity. For example, if we see a 2, then we know that there is two of something. For example, this sentence has 2 periods on the end.. When we run out of symbols, we go to the next digit placement. To represent one higher than 9, we use 10 meaning one unit of ten and zero units of one. This may seem elementary, but it is crucial to understand our default number system if you want to understand other number systems. For example, when we consider a binary system which only uses two symbols, 0 and 1, when we run out of symbols, we need to go to the next digit placement. So, we would count in binary 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, and so on. This article will discuss the binary, hexadecimal, and octal number systems in more detail and explain their uses. End How a Number System Works Number systems are used to describe the quantity of something or represent certain information. Because of this, I can say that the word "calculator" contains ten letters. Our number system, the decimal system, uses ten symbols. Therefore, decimal is said to be Base Ten. By describing systems with bases, we can gain an understanding of how that particular system works. When we count in Base Ten, we count starting with zero and going up to nine in order. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, … Once we reach the last symbol, we create a new placement in front of the first and count that up. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, … , 19, 20, … This continues when we run out of symbols for that placement. So, after 99, we go to 100. The placement of a symbol indicates how much it is worth. Each additional placement is an additional power of 10. Consider the number of 2853. We know this number is quite large, for example, if it pertains to the number of apples in a basket. That's a lot of apples. How do we know it is large? We look at the number of digits. Each additional placement is an additional power of 10, as stated above. Consider this chart. 103 8192+3328+176+7 11703 As you can see, placements in hexadecimal are worth a whole lot more than in any of the other three number systems. Conversion It is important to know that 364 in octal is not equal to the normal 364. This is just like how a 10 in binary is certainly not 10 in decimal. 10 in binary (this will be written as 102 from now on) is equal to 2. 108 is equal to 8. How on earth do we know this? What is 20C.38F16, and how do we find out? Here is why it is important to understand how the number systems work. By using our powers of the base number, it becomes possible to turn any number to decimal and from decimal to any number. Base to Decimal So, we know that 3648 is not equal to the decimal 364. Then what is it? There is a simple method in converting from any base to the decimal base ten. If you remember how we dissected the numbers above, we used powers, such as 24, and ended up with a number we understand. This is exactly what we do to convert from a base to decimal. We find out the true value of each digit according to their placement and add them together. In a formula, this algorithm looks like: (1) \begin{equation} V_{10} = v_pB^p+v_{p-1}B^{p-1}+...+v_1B+v_0 \end{equation} Where V10 is the decimal value, v is the digit in a placement, p is the placement from the right of the number assuming the rightmost placement is 0, and B is the starting base. Do not be daunted by the formula! We are going to go through this one step at a time. So, let us say we had the simple hexadecimal number 2B. We want to know what this number is in decimal so that we can understand it better. How do we do this? Let us


What was the first internet top-level domain?

What is a Top-Level Domain (TLD)? - Definition from Techopedia [WEBINAR] An On-Ramp for In-Memory Computing Techopedia explains Top-Level Domain (TLD) A top-level domain recognizes a certain element regarding the associated website, such as its objective (business, government, education), its owner, or the geographical area from which it originated. Each TLD includes an independent registry controlled by a specific organization, which is managed under the guidance of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). ICANN recognizes the following types of TLDs: Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLD): These are the most popular types of TDLs. Some examples include ".edu" for educational sites and ."com" for commercial sites. These types of TLDs are available for registration. Country-Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLD): Every ccTLD recognizes a specific country and is generally two letters long. For example, the ccTLD for Australia is ".au". Sponsored Top-Level Domains (sTLD): These TLDs are supervised by private organizations. Infrastructure Top-Level Domains: There is only one TLD in this category, which is ".arpa". The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority controls this TLD for the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Some of the TLDs and their explanations are as follows: .com - Commercial businesses .edu - Educational facilities like universities .th - Thailand


Micturate is a medical term for expelling what from the human body?

Micturition | definition of micturition by Medical dictionary Micturition | definition of micturition by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/micturition urination  [u″rĭ-na´shun] the discharge of urine from the bladder; urine from the kidneys is passed in spurts every few seconds along the ureters to the bladder, where it collects and later is passed to the outside via the urethra. Called also micturition and voiding . The Urinary Process. Urination is a complex process controlled by muscles of the bladder and sphincter mechanism and by modulatory centers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The detrusor muscle is a complex meshwork of interlaced smooth muscle bundles that contract in a way that squeezes urine from the bladder vesicle. The sphincter mechanism consists of smooth muscle in the bladder neck and proximal urethra, a striated muscle sphincter consisting of slow twitch muscle fibers in the urethral wall, and periurethral muscles that are a component of the pelvic floor muscles. The detrusor relaxes during bladder filling to accommodate increasing volumes at a low pressure, and the sphincter remains tightly closed. During urination, the detrusor contracts and the sphincter mechanism relaxes, allowing smooth outflow of urine. As the bladder fills, modulatory centers in the brain prevent the occurrence of contractions. Meanwhile, the sphincter mechanism remains closed under autonomic and somatic nervous system control. During urination, the inhibition of contractions is removed and a reflex originates in the pontine micturition center. That causes the detrusor muscle to contract and the sphincter mechanism to relax. The location of the final output of central nervous system impulses to and from the bladder and sphincter is the sacral micturition center, located in spinal segments 2, 3, and 4, which must be intact for contraction to occur. Injury to the pontine micturition center will compromise the smooth coordination between sphincter mechanism and detrusor muscle, and injury to the brain will affect the volitional control of urine (bladder stability). See also urinary incontinence . mic·tu·ri·tion


Particularly related to a controversial foodstuff, the bodily intervention device/process called 'gavage' refers to what?

The GMO Labeling Debate - Collide-a-Scape Collide-a-Scape By Keith Kloor |  May 12, 2013 11:40 pm There are two camps that favor labeling genetically modified [GM] foods: 1) The “ Right to Know ” people, who say they just want to know what’s in their food. This is a specious argument. The truth is they think there is something harmful about GMOs. Why else would they feel so strongly about labeling genetically modified foods? Yes, the Just Label it Campaign is couched as a consumer rights issue, but really it’s based on fear. Everybody knows this, so pretending otherwise is silly. 2) The other pro-label camp is comprised of a small minority of pro-biotech people who recognize that the battle for public opinion is lost. The GMO fear-mongers have won–they have successfully framed the argument as a consumer choice issue. So the only sensible thing to do at this point  is to play along and join the labeling bandwagon. As Ramez Naam argued effectively in a recent guest post , We should label them [GM foods] because that is the very best thing we can do for public acceptance of agricultural biotech. And we should label them because there’s absolutely nothing to hide. From a political and pragmatic standpoint, this makes sense. After all, winning an argument at all costs can be counterproductive, whatever the cause. (The climate concerned who insist on playing whack-a-mole with climate skeptics–instead of picking their battles carefully–have yet to learn this lesson.)  Still, I suspect that many pro-biotech people stand on principle and object to GMO labeling because it implicitly concedes victory to the fear-mongers, which is what one commenter on Naam’s post said :  [Just label it] is a disingenuous campaign and everybody knows it. How can we entertain that?! Capitulating on this misses the whole point and reinforces their framing of the issue. It sets a bad precedent. Personally, I’m ambivalent about GMO labeling. I see right through the naked cynicism of the Right to Know campaign. It is totally disingenuous. On the other hand, as any student of Aikido or Tai Chi knows, redirecting the force of your attacker is an effective tactic. There is a case to be made that a GMO label on foods would neutralize the opposition and eventually pave the way to greater acceptance of biotechnology. Jonathan Gilligan made this argument earlier in the year, saying, if GM food is labeled as such, I really believe that most consumers will buy it anyway and it will defuse the “what are they trying to hide” line of attack. I find this to be a compelling argument. And yet, in a Bloomberg column this weekend, Cass Sunstein makes a good case against mandatory GMO labeling. He essentially concludes that science should guide the argument: In the abstract, it is hard to disagree with the  claim  that consumers “have a right to know.” But with respect to food, there are countless facts that people might conceivably want to know, and government doesn’t require them to be placed on labels. Unless science can identify a legitimate concern about risks to health or the environment, the argument for compulsory GM labels rests on weak foundations. I’m curious to hear where people stand on the GMO labeling issue, and whether anyone has changed his or her mind recently (in either direction) and why. [Image at Label it Yourself website .] ADVERTISEMENT http://pdiff.weebly.com/ Pdiff I definitely feel that labels should be evidence based and only relate to health and safety issues. However, I have become resigned to the inevitable occurrence of GMO labeling. The popular pressure has simply grown too great to avoid. That said, I strenuously object to the nonsense style and details of the Prop 37, I522, or their derivatives (virtually all current proposals). If labeling is to be done, then put it in the right place (with other health and nutritional information, not blatantly on the package front) and say something useful besides “may contain GMO”. Anyone truly interested in “right to know” would want nothing less. http://profiles.google.com/edgeben Benjamin Edge I


What nation has 27 states, most of which exceed the area of an entire moderately-sized country, and include Acre, Minas Gerais, Sergipe, and Amazonas?

EUROPE NATION - PROJECT CONSTITUTION | Democratici Diretti EUROPE NATION - PROJECT CONSTITUTION Inviato da Carlo il 8 novembre 2014 - 23:53 1 PROJECT OF A CONSTITUTION FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION (with reference to 27 member States). A Federation of European States based on the Citizens’ direct Democracy. * * * * * *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************  . Preface to project for European Constitution. 1. Federal Constitution of the European Union. - Preamble. - Chapter 1 - Authority of the European Union. - Chapter 2 - General provisions. - Chapter 3 - Member States and local self-governments. 2. Declaration of People’s sovereignty. 3. Invitation to the Nations and all who want citizens to be sovereign. 4. Appeal to Peoples. - Direct democracy in early Christian communities. - Experiences of direct democracy. Annex A. Possible composition of seats in Congress of EU member States. Annex B.  Congress composition of some possible Federations of States all over the world. List of the Constitution articles. O0o00o ‘Problems cannot be solved with the same mental approach that created them’ (Albert Einstein) . INTRODUCTION In etymological terms ‘democracy’ means ‘power of the People’. Today, democracy must grow more; we need more democracy, in other words, more ‘power of the People’. The essence of democracy lies in setting up institutional instruments which enable the complete, inalienable and binding sovereignty of the people. We can notice that in States where there is more democracy there is more wellbeing, and where there is less democracy there is less wellbeing. Giving more political power to the citizens lifts the poorer classes to a standard of living worthy of free people. It is not necessary for States to fight amongst themselves. Direct democracy gives the People the essential right that allows human beings to collaborate and improve the lot of humanity; it does not accept discrimination and enables a community of democratic States which is capable of mutual solidarity. Problems cannot be solved, says Albert Einstein, with the same mental approach that produced them. The research is part of human nature. Today to solve Europe's problems other and new structures are needed that give predominant importance to the evolutionary process of democracy with the direct and binding participation of all citizens on decisions for common needs: this approach gathers great acclaim and wins the challenge. Civil society is more and more immersed in the Internet revolution, which facilitates close contacts between people, network transparency, collective intelligence, global collaboration, convergence of socially valid intentions, popular votes at no cost, and therefore this more and more fosters the institution in law of direct democracy. On the contrary, the strong powers do not want the progress of democracy. But the world is changing - and the European Union will not go to anywhere if it is linked solely to the structures of the past or entrenched behind its ideologies or based on the organizational capacity of some lobby. It would lose social and economic evolution and inevitably become obsolete, regressing or disintegrating despite itself, becoming a land open to conquest from various foreign powers. When all citizens make decisions together with executive effect, contributing with their skills, their ideas and cooperation, which they make possible, an enormous contribution to the increase of wealth and progress of nations. THE WEALTH OF A NATION IS ITS CITIZENS. We must realize that we have a huge treasure available. Direct democracy requires an institution, the popular vote, which is closely linked to two indispensable rights for the citizens: the popular initiative and the referendum, through which citizens themselves, in a binding manner, are able to propose and vote on new laws which the government or parliament are unwilling


Liquid Slider 1.1 View Vuelta a Espana Bike Tour 1 in a larger map Exceptional Value Watch LIVE and Ride race stages of La Vuelta a España 2016 VIP Access to stage finishes (drinks, tapas, big screen tvs at finish line), viewing areas and Stage Depart Villages Cycle the race route as a VIP, only hours before the Pros arrive Access to ride across the finish line on race day Podium photos and behind the scences access - VIP status Challenge yourself on famous category climbs including Camperona, Covadonga and Peña Cabarga Cycle the Picos de Europa & National Parkland Enjoy the famous sights of North Spain. Options for non cyclists to spend time exploring. Fully supported riding by experienced guides, including Vuelta a Espana masters rider and mix of male / female guides. Fantastic accommodation (4 star and Paradors including team hotels), food, scenery and fun on the roads of Spain Transfers to and from Madrid included Gallery Itinerary Our itinerary (See Route Map under Overview) has been selected to include all the best stages of the 2nd week, combined with some great cycling, sights and scenery of the area. The tour passes through dramatic mountain landscapes...not fogetting to stop in some great tapas and coffee bars to enjoy the area. Being fully guided and supported (with our support vans accredited to drive along the race route), you can cycle with the group or at your own pace, or even take a rest in the van! Non cyclists also welcome. Day 1.  Madrid, Leon, Warm up ride Friday, 26 August 2016 35km warm up ride We meet in the capital city of Madrid (10:30 am at our centrally located hotel). This European gem of a city makes for a fantastic location to begin the tour. After an informal welcome meeting and some chilled drinks, we take a transfer out to the historic city of Leon, a famous staging post on the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage, stopping en route to catch today's race stage on tv in a cafe. We set the bikes up, making sure everyone is fitted correctly, and take a short warm up ride around. Have time for a late afternoon swim before settling down to enjoy a fine group welcome dinner in the magnificent dining room. A relaxing and great way to set us up for our upcoming adventure. Ask about option to come the day before and enjoy Madrid. Extra nights in Madrid can be booked upon request. (Note: today is a transfer of 3.5 hours so another option is to meet at the Leon hotel in the afternoon.) Day 2. La Camperona climb, Oviedo, Asturias 100 km After a short transfer out of the bustling city, we pick up today's race route and our first taste of La Vuelta. This stage is a great one for us to begin as the first 90kms are relatively flat - a great way to get the legs going. However, this is La Vuelta and  the most exciting Grand Tour for a reason, as the finish for us (and the peloton) is atop the incredible slopes of the category 1 La Camperona with an average gradient of 15%, with the end hitting 20%! It was last used in 2014 when the Canadian and ex-Giro d'Italia winner Ryder Hesjedal powered up to take the win, with Froome putting seconds into Contador. After reaching the top, we will enjoy our first VIP stage finish viewing area with complimentary drinks and tapas. Plus we will have an insider's tour of the inner workings of La Vuelta. A very enjoyable way to get our breaths back as we await what will no doubt be a fantastic battle for the pros, being the first high mountain cat 1 climb of La Vuelta 2016. Being a Saturday, the fans will be out in force as we sample this incredibly picturesque area. With the chance to descend the climb after the race has finished, we take a transfer onto our 4 star hotel in the city of Oviedo, where we will be based for the next 2 nights. Day 3. Asturian Climbs and Alto del Naranco 90 km Another stunning day of cycling awaits as we head out of into the green valleys that Asturias is so famous for. We ride the race route, soon heading over the first of our two category 3 climbs. This area is often used in La Vuelta and you will see why - fantastic scenery will be our cons


Dom Mintoff was prime minister of which country from 1955-8 and 71-84?

Oxford University Oxford University Nuffield College   The University of Oxford has 38 Colleges and 6 Permanent Private Halls of religious foundation. Colleges and Permanent Private Halls are autonomous self-governing corporations within the university, and all teaching staff and students studying for a degree of the university must belong to one of the colleges or Permanent Private Halls. These colleges are not only houses of residence, but have substantial responsibility for student teaching. Generally tutorials (one of the main methods of teaching in Oxford) and classes are the responsibility of colleges, while lectures, examinations, laboratories and the central library are run by the university. Most colleges take both graduates and undergraduates, but several are for graduates only. Undergraduate and graduate students may name preferred colleges in their applications. For undergraduate students, an increasing number of departments practise reallocation to ensure that the ratios between potential students and subject places available at each college are as uniform as possible. For the Department of Physics, reallocation is done on a random basis after a shortlist of candidates is drawn upon and before candidates are invited for interviews at the university. A typical college consists of a hall for dining, a chapel, a library, a college bar, senior, middle (postgraduate) and junior common rooms, rooms for 200-400 undergraduates as well as lodgings for the head of the college and other dons. College buildings range from the medieval to very modern buildings, but most are made up of interlinked quadrangles (courtyards), with a lodge controlling entry from the outside. 2008 saw the first modern merger of colleges, with Green College and Templeton College merging to form Green Templeton College. This reduced the number of Colleges of the University from 39 to 38. The number of PPHs also reduced in 2008, when Greyfriars closed down. List of Colleges and Date of Foundation All Souls College - 1438; Balliol College - 1263; Brasenose College - 1509; Christ Church - 1546; Corpus Christi College - 1517; Exeter College - 1314; Green Templeton College - 2008; Harris Manchester College - 1786, College status 1996; Hertford College - 1282, College status 1740; Jesus College - 1571; Keble College - 1870; Kellogg College - 1990, College status 1994; Lady Margaret Hall - 1878; Linacre College - 1962; Lincoln College - 1427; Magdalen College - 1458; Mansfield College - 1886, College status 1995; Merton College - 1264; New College - 1379; Nuffield College - 1937; Oriel College - 1326; Pembroke College - 1624; The Queen's College - 1341; St Anne's College - 1878, College status 1952; St Antony's College - 1950, College status 1963; St Catherine's College - 1963; St Cross College - 1965; St Edmund Hall - 1226, College status 1957; St Hilda's College - 1893; St Hugh's College - 1886; St John's College - 1555; St Peter's College - 1929, College status 1961; Somerville College - 1879; Trinity College - 1554; University College - 1249; Wadham College - 1610; Wolfson College - 1966, College status 1981; Worcester College - 1714. List of Permanent Private Halls Blackfriars - 1221, refounded 1921; Campion Hall - 1896; Regent's Park College - 1752, moved to Oxford 1927; St Benet's Hall - 1897; St Stephen's House - 1876, PPH status granted in 2003; Wycliffe Hall - 1877. University Tours Oxford University does not run tours, although many University and College buildings are open to visitors. Walking tours of the city, which include visits to College and University sites, are offered each day by the Oxford Guild of Guides. Tours last two hours and leave the Tourist Information Centre at 15-16 Broad Street at 11 am and 2 pm, with extra tours during high season. Groups can also book tours directly with the Guild, and specialist tours are available on a wide range of topics, including architecture, science, literature and art. Further information can be found on the city's Tourist Information Centre website - Visit Oxfordshire. About Oxford College


What 20th century musical entertainment machine derived its name from the West African word Gullah, meaning disorderly, or 'zigzag'?

Music 345: Race, Identity, and Representation in American Music | Student Blogs and Library Exhibit Companion Music 345: Race, Identity, and Representation in American Music Student Blogs and Library Exhibit Companion Search Reply “Head of Boxer”, painted by George Wesley Bellows This week we toured the St. Olaf Flaten Art Museum and studied several objects, including this painting, “Head of Boxer” by George Wesley Bellows. George Wesley Bellows George Wesley Bellows (1882-1925) was an American realist painter, known for his depictions of urban life in New York City. He was an artist from the Ashcan school of art, that were a group of realist painters that wanted to challenge and be set a part from American impressionists. Although Ashcan artists advocated for modern actualities, they were not so radical that they used their artwork for social criticism or reform. They identified with the vitality of the lower classes and illustrated the dismal aspects of urban existence. However, they themselves led middle-class lives and were influenced by New York’s restaurants, bars, theater and vaudeville. 1 Relating to other themes in our class, George Bellows was immersed in New York’s vaudeville scene around the same time of Charles Harris’ “After the Ball”, Howard and Emerson’s “Hello My Baby”, and Irving Berlin’s “Alexander’s Ragtime Band.” “The Ashcan artists selectively documented an unsettling, transitional time in American culture that was marked by confidence and doubt, excitement and trepidation. Ignoring or registering only gently harsh new realities such as the problems of immigration and urban poverty, they shone a positive light on their era.” — The Metropolitan Museum of Art In this painting, perhaps the rough brush strokes represent the difficulties the lower classes faced in society? Perhaps the mix of light and shadow on the boxer’s forehead show the transitional time in American culture? And perhaps the sad expression of the boxer represents the doubt and trepidation of the lower classes who struggle with problems of immigration and urban poverty. George Bellows painted the realities of the lower classes he saw around him in New York City. 1  Weinberg, H. Barbara. “The Ashcan School.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2000. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ashc/hd_ashc.htm Christopher O’Riley and Two Unidentified men- Now in St.Olaf Art Collection  gelatin silver print on paper 8 in. x 10 in. (20.32 cm x 25.4 cm) 2008.272 Gift of © The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. This Photo that was showed in the collection is a photo taken by Andy Warhol, probably in early 1980s. It captured the moment when the young pianist Christopher O’riley played music for Andy Warhol and three other audiences. It would be risky to guess what O’riley was playing, but from where I stand, probably jazz. As what O’riley said when he thought of the good memory with Andy Warhol: Interview: http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/christopher-o-riley-velvet-underground/#_ They were good friends. As what O’riley remembered, the man who introduced he to Andy Warhol was Stuart Pivar. Pivar went to a lot of auctions together with Warhol and they co-founded the New York Academy of Art. One of O’riley’s friends took him to Pivar’s house- and that was how he met Andy Warhol. O’riley often played music for Andy Warhol, Ford models, art collectors, and experts in the apartment. Taking these into account, through careful observation viewers might find out that all human figures in the photo can possibly be upper-middle class elite men, sitting in the delicate room with the art nouveau style lamp and Bouguereau-like academic painting on the wall. Even more interesting, Christopher O’riley started to host the National Public Radio program From the Top in a way that Andy Warhol suggested- do absolute O’riley’s music. In the show, He started to do groundbreaking transcriptions of the rock band Radiohead with his own interpretations of classical music and new repertoires, and this made him famous for his piano arrangement of rock music. As what


What originally American familial (that's familial, not familiar) term refers to a small shop or business run by a married couple?

United States of America travel guide - Wikitravel dial 911 Map of the mainland US, insular areas and Minor Outlying Islands. The United States of America is a large country in North America , often referred to as the "USA", the "US", the "United States", "America", or simply "the States". Home to the world's third-largest population, with over 318 million people, it includes both densely populated cities with sprawling suburbs and vast, uninhabited natural areas. With its history of mass immigration dating from the 17th century, it is a "melting pot" of cultures from around the world and plays a dominant role in the world's cultural landscape. It's famous for its wide array of popular tourist destinations, ranging from the skyscrapers of Manhattan and Chicago , to the natural wonders of Yellowstone and Alaska , to the warm, sunny beaches of Florida , Hawaii and Southern California . "Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness." — Mark Twain The United States is not the America of television and the movies. It is large, complex, and diverse, with several distinct regional identities. Due to the vast distances involved, travelling between regions often means crossing through many different landscapes, climates, and even time zones. Such travel can often be time-consuming and expensive, but often very rewarding. Geography[ edit ] The contiguous United States (called conus by US military personnel) or the "Lower 48" (the 48 states other than Alaska and Hawaii) is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west, with much of the population living on the two coasts. Its land borders are shared with Canada to the north, and Mexico to the south. The US also shares maritime borders with Russia , Cuba , and the Bahamas . If counting the Insular Areas and Minor Outlying Islands, the United Kingdom , Samoa , and Haiti would also share maritime borders. The country has three major mountain ranges. The Appalachians extend from Canada to the state of Alabama , a few hundred miles west of the Atlantic Ocean. They are the oldest of the three mountain ranges, are covered with a diversity of Subtropical and Temperate flora and fauna, a thick canopy of dense vegetation, and offer spectacular sightseeing and excellent camping spots. The loess lands of the southern Mid-West and the Limestone cliffs and mountains of the south add beauty to the region, with lush vegetation coating the surfaces of cliff faces that border rivers, and mist shrouding beautiful green mountains and gorges. The Rockies are, on average, the highest in North America, extending from Alaska to New Mexico , with many areas protected as national parks. They offer hiking, camping, skiing, and sightseeing opportunities, as well as desert and subtropical getaways in the southern lowlands of the region. The combined Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges are the youngest. The Sierras extend across the "backbone" of California , with sites such as Lake Tahoe and Yosemite National Park ; the Sierras transition at their northern end into the even younger volcanic Cascade range, with some of the highest points in the country. The Great Lakes define much of the border between the eastern United States and Canada. More inland seas than lakes, they were formed by the pressure of glaciers retreating north at the end of the last Ice Age. The five lakes span hundreds of miles, bordering the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Illinois , Indiana , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania and New York , and their shores vary from pristine wilderness areas to industrial "rust belt" cities. They are the second-largest bodies of freshwater in the world, after the polar ice caps. The western portions of the USA are rugged and very arid landscapes, complete with wind-shaped desert sand dunes like White Sands New Mexico. Death Valley (282 feet below sea level) is the lowest spot on the USA mainland and one of the hottest areas on Earth. Natural areas include vast areas of desert untouched by humans. Camping and hiking through the majestic landscapes of the Southwe


Aside from the Netherlands and Belgium what is the only country in which Dutch is an official language?

ATLAS - Dutch: Who speaks it? Who speaks it? Find out more Who speaks it? Dutch is spoken not only in the Netherlands, but it is also the official language of Flanders, the neighbouring northern provinces of Belgium. Worldwide, Dutch is a national language in Suriname (South America), Aruba and the Dutch Antilles (Caribbean). In total Dutch has 23 million mother tongue speakers. On top of that, there are also 4 million people worldwide who speak Dutch as a second or foreign language. So not so small after all! Scroll over the name of the country to find out how many speakers of Dutch are there. Read more about the different countries and regions where Dutch is spoken below: The Netherlands The Netherlands has 16 million inhabitants and Dutch is the only official language of the country. Frisian, spoken in the Northern province of Fryslân, has been granted local offical language status too. Frisian is very close to English. Flanders Dutch (sometimes called Flemish) has always been the mother tongue of the majority of people in Flanders, but it was not always recognised as such because Flanders was governed by many foreign rulers in the past. When the French took over in the 18 th century, Dutch was deliberately pushed aside. French was the language of the upper and middle classes and the ruling elite. In 1898 Dutch was finally granted official status, but as change was slow, it was decided in 1963 to make it the only language allowed in Flemish education and public life. Nowadays, there are 6 million speakers of Dutch in Flanders The southern part of Belgium, Wallonia, remained entirely French-speaking and the capital, Brussels, is bilingual. Suriname Suriname has many local languages but Dutch is used as a language for different groups to communicate. It is the language of government and education, even though it may only be the mother tongue of about 60% of the population (475, 000). Most speak Sranan, an English based creole. South Africa Afrikaans, one of 11 official languages used in South Africa, has its roots in Dutch, as the Dutch set up trading posts there in the 17 th Century, when they were sailing to the East (i.e. Indonesia). Settlers moved inland and so the language spread and was influenced and altered by other settlers and local languages. It is also used in Namibia, where it is the largest language, even though English is the official language. The result is a language which still resembles Dutch but has developed into its own, as you can see below: Afrikaans actie action Afrikaans has influenced South African English as well, so you could hear a sentence like: H e's gonna gooi (throw) a geelbek (white seabass) on the braai (barbecue) which may be hard for other English speakers to understand, but fairly easy for a Dutch or Afrikaans speaker with some knowledge of English. There are 7 million mother tongue speakers of Afrikaans and about 10 million who speak it as a second language. Listen to Afrikaans on the radio on www.rsg.co.za/luister.asp . Canada As the legend on the map indicates, Canada has mainly older Dutch speakers (140, 000). Many Dutch and Flemish people moved there in the early 19th century, as settlers, and another wave arrived in the 1950’s, in order to set up a new life after the second World War, which had hit the Netherlands hard. These people took their language with them and passed it on to their children, even though they were very keen to assimilate. There are about 900, 000 people of Dutch descent in Canada, making it the largest minority. Indonesia Dutch ceased to be an official language of Indonesia after its independence from the Netherlands in 1949. It had been a language of importance ever since the Dutch East Indies Company arrived on the islands in the 17 th Century. That is also why there are still people who learn and speak the language, in order to study older documents. Older people may still speak it as they had to learn it at school and it carries a certain prestige.


The major UK, US and Canada organizations abbreviated to NFU represent which industry?

Meat and Livestock Commission - How is Meat and Livestock Commission abbreviated? Meat and Livestock Commission - How is Meat and Livestock Commission abbreviated? http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/Meat+and+Livestock+Commission (redirected from Meat and Livestock Commission) Also found in: Wikipedia . Midlife Crisis (slang; also an Ohio band) MLC Martin Luther College (New Ulm, MN) MLC Movement for the Liberation of Congo (Congolese rebel group) MLC Meat and Livestock Commission (United Kingdom) MLC Mobile Location Centre (GSM, CDMA, mobile communications) MLC Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts MLC Multimedia Language Center (various universities) MLC Ministry of Lectors and Commentators (Catholicism) MLC Mortgage Loan Company (real estate finance) MLC Mailing List Committee (various organizations) mLC MLC Merrill Lynch Canada Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Write what you mean clearly and correctly. References in periodicals archive ? Following years in the butchery trade, Graham joined the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) in 1986 as a Trade Liaison Officer, helping independent retailers work closer together. UK meat industry facts in spotlight; farming The speakers include Kim Matthews, Meat and Livestock Commission scientist, on beef quality measures, Paul Allen, from Dublin, on visual image analysis, Eric Venot, from France, on the interbeef project and Marjorie Faust from the United States on breeding for the dairy herd. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.


What nation borders with the south of Syria and the west of Iraq?

What countries border Iraq? | Reference.com What countries border Iraq? A: Quick Answer Iraq is bordered by six countries: Jordan to the west, Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. The borders of Iraq were almost entirely demarcated in 1920 by the League of Nations when the Ottoman Empire was divided by the Treaty of Sèvres. Full Answer Iraq, officially known as the Republic of Iraq, is a country that is located in Western Asia. It is one of the countries that make up the Middle East. As of 2014, the population in Iraq was 36,004,552, 97 percent of which are Muslims, mainly Shias, Sunnis and ethnic Kurds. The capital of Iraq is Baghdad. The city, located in the center of the country, has a total area of 872.7 square miles. Baghdad is Iraq's largest city and the second-largest in western Asia. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 36 miles on the northern Persian Gulf, and its territory encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain, the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert. Two notable rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run south through the center of Iraq and flow into the Shatt al-Arab close to the Persian Gulf.


What Mexican Spanish dish means literally 'little strips'?

What's the Difference Between Fajitas and Tacos? - Chowhound What’s the Difference Between Fajitas and Tacos? By Amy Sowder, published on Saturday, April 16, 2016 / Edit Post Lumping together fajitas and tacos is like saying apples and apple pie are basically the same thing. Yes, they both involve fruit. But one is the party favor, and the other is the whole fiesta. The confusion lies with the fact that fajitas and tacos both have meat inside tortillas with toppings such as salsa, pico de gallo, guacamole , cheese, and sour cream. "Fajitas are the actual filling. Traditionally, it was carne asada, a skirt steak. It's cut into strips because it's a tougher cut of meat. You have to slice it against the grain, and it's cooked over a grill, traditionally marinated first, but how you marinate it is up to your personal preference," says Carino Cortez, a graduate of the Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park who studied with Rick Bayless for three years, and chef and general manager of Viva Villa Taqueria in San Antonio, Texas. Cortez's grandfather opened Mi Tierra Café and Bakery in 1941, which is celebrating its 75th anniversary. The original of four Cortez family restaurants, Mi Tierra is credited with being the first restaurant to bring sizzling fajitas to the U.S. from northern Mexico, which is known for its grilled meats. "We brought the showy element to it," Cortez says. Fajitas cause heads to turn as they float by. At Mi Tierra, the sizzling fajitas arrive loud with plumes of steam billowing from the black cast iron skillet protected by a wooden platter underneath. While tacos come to the table already filled with meat, fajitas are compiled by diners at the table. The customer chooses between soft corn or flour tortillas, both 6.5-inches in diameter and served separately from the skillet meat. Grilled chicken strips are a more modern take on fajitas. Skirt steak was used originally because it was the cheapest cut of meat. "So you could get a giant slab and feed a crowd and have a party," Cortez says. Compared to the ease and portability of tacos, fajitas are more of an event. The term "fajita" literally means "little sash," the diminutive of the Spanish word faja, meaning "belt, strip, or band," according to the 2016 Random House Dictionary.  A taco is defined as an (often crisply fried) tortilla folded over and filled with seasoned chopped meat, lettuce, tomatoes, and cheese. The word comes from Mexican Spanish, meaning literally "wadding, plug." "A taco is kinda like a sandwich," says Jody Lancarte, special events and catering manager as well as granddaughter of the namesake of Joe T. Garcia’s Mexican Restaurant, one of the oldest Mexican eateries in Fort Worth, Texas. It has been family-owned and operated since 1935. "A taco can be made out of anything: eggs, beans, whatever. You can put everything under the sun in a taco," Lancarte says. The meat in fajitas usually mingles with grilled or sauteed peppers and onions, which are cut into similarly sized strips. In tacos, the vegetables are often chopped or sliced and kept raw as a topping. "You can have fajita tacos," Lancarte says. "We have fajita nachos." Joe T. Garcia's tacos are corn tortillas wrapped with different meat fillings, held together with toothpicks in the kitchen until ordered by a customer. Then the tacos are fried and topped with shredded lettuce and diced tomato. In actual Mexican cuisine, there is no crispy tortilla, Cortez says. They toast the tortilla in oil, but it doesn't become a hard, folded-over shell. They're known as tacos dorados. Flour tortillas are mostly in northern Mexico and used for fajitas. Her family's restaurants make their own corn and flour tortillas. In traditional Tex-Mex cooking, you can have a soft flour taco or a pre-made crispy corn taco shell. "They're the ultimate vehicle," Cortez says. Hankering for some tacos or fajitas yet? We are (taco dinner plans are already in the works)! Try some of our recipes for  fajitas and tacos — we have more than 80 versions combined.


The shortest Greenland-to-Iceland sea-crossing is about how many miles?

The Exodus Route: Crossing the Red Sea The Red Sea Crossing Introduction: We only know with certainty, three of the nearly 50 places   listed in the exodus between Egypt and the Jordan 40 years later. Rameses   (Goshen), Ezion-Geber (modern Elat) and Mt. Nemo. God has chosen for us to   know only the starting, midway and ending cities. Nothing in between is   known for certain. Additionally, of all the wilderness areas mentioned in the   exodus, we only know for certain that the Wilderness of Shur was in Midian   where Ishmael settled. We do not know for certain any of the following places:   Mt. Sinai, Wilderness of Sinai, Kadesh Barnea, Wilderness of Zin,   Wilderness of Paran. All these places are interdependent on each other.   The fact that there are over 15 different proposed sites for Mt. Sinai on   three different continents proves this. In trying to locate the crossing point of the Red Sea, we   need to follow closely what the Bible says. Of course the actual crossing   point needs to be possible, logical and harmonize with scripture. For   example, crossing a shallow freshwater lake like the Bitter Lakes, where   winds merely blew the water away, creates a problem for how the Egyptian   army would be drowned. On the other hand, a crossing through the center of   either the Gulf of Suez or Gulf of Aqaba where the water is often 1800   meters deep, easily explains the drowning of the army, but creates a   problem in actually getting one million men, women, children and livestock   to negotiate the steep 60 degree downward slope to the bottom almost a   mile deep, then back up the other equally steep side. The date of the exodus was 1446 BC, in the 18th dynasty of   Egypt, 480 years before Solomon built the Temple: 1 Kings 6:1. About 70   years later, Pharaoh Akhenaten (1379 - 1362 BC) would arise and promote a   monotheism that worshipped the sun god Aten. All things considered, we are proposing that the Straits   of Tiran in the Gulf of Aqaba, is the best candidate crossing point in   1446 BC. A. They took the long southern route, not the short eastern route via the Philistines: All northern crossing points on the Mediterranean sea like "Lake Sirbonis" are wrong because the Bible says they did not go   the short route towards the Philistines, but the long route to the Red   Sea: "Now when Pharaoh had let the people go, God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines,   even though it was near; for God said, "The people might change their   minds when they see war, and return to Egypt." Hence God led the   people around by the way of the wilderness to the   Red Sea; and the sons of Israel went up in martial array from the   land of Egypt. " Exodus 13:17-18 In addition to directly contradicting the Bible, all   northern crossing points like "Lake Sirbonis" must be wrong   because like the Bitter Lakes, they provided no absolute security and   protection from Egypt. B. The Bible says the Red Sea is the Gulf of Aqaba. The gulf of Aqaba is called the Red Sea and is what the   average Hebrew thought of when referring to the Red Sea: Ex 23:31; Num   21:4; Deut 2:1; Judges 11:16; 1 Kings 9:26. The gulf of Suez is called the Red Sea only once: Ex   10:19. No freshwater body of water is ever called the Red Sea in   the Bible including the Bitter Lakes and Lake Timsah. These two lakes are   suggested as possible traditional "Red Sea" crossing points. Bitter Lakes and Lake Timsah are never called the Sea of   Reeds but they are shallow lakes with reeds in them. But this is true of   all shallow freshwater bodies in the region. Red sea (yam suph) means: Red Sea! Calling the Red sea,   the "Sea of reeds" is a guess based upon an inference of etymology.   The same word is used of both freshwater bulrushes: Ex 2:3,5; Isa 19:6 and   saltwater ocean plants: Jonah 2:5. So for those not content to call it   just the Red Sea, they should be consistent and call it: "sea of   plan


What Mr Men character is orange with ridiculously long arms and a blue hat?

Mr. Tickle | Mr. Men Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia First Appearance: Physical (Speaking) He is a very friendly character who can't resist a tickle. In the app released in 2014, Mr. Rush, Mr. Chatterbox, Mr. Nosey, Mr. Busy, Mr. Silly and Mr. Rush cameo although they were all published after his book. He is one of the four orange characters. The other three being Mr. Small, Little Miss Curious, and Little Miss Calamity. In the books, he is one of the ten orange characters. The other nine being Mr. Topsy-Turvy, Mr. Clever, Mr. Cheerful, Little Miss Late, Little Miss Greedy, Little Miss Fickle, Little Miss Contrary, Little Miss Curious, and Little Miss Fun. Mr. Tickle is one character who is seen with Mr. Scatterbrain (Farms). In Circus, his legs Can Stretch As long As Mr. Tall's legs are. He hasn't been angry yet in the main scene. (But in the "Angry Heads".) He is one of the 12 characters with no visible nose. The other eleven being Mr. Small, Mr. Noisy, Mr. Strong, Little Miss Daredevil, Mr. Messy, Little Miss Chatterbox, Mr. Bounce, Mr. Happy, Mr. Bump, Mr. Tall and Little Miss Bossy. He didn't believe that Mr. Rude was a rude character (an exception was made in Dining Out ), but he was 1 out of 7 "Angry Heads" shouting "Mr. Rude!!!!" He was proud of Mr. Rude who farted for them to save the spaceship from the "Angry Aliens". His arms are accidentally tied up on a tree in Snow and with Mr. Rude in Superstore and with a gift in gifts and in the UK Opening Cinematic by Miss Naughty which she knows knots easily. In Camping, while Mr. Nervous is singing a song he tickles everybody. He has robot helpers which can tickle anyone at his command He was seen twice without his hat in Hats and Sun & Moon. In the Mr. Men show, particularly in Season 2, He is mischievous if he is hurting the Mr./Misses or makes them cry, as long as he tickles them. He may have a crush on Little Miss Naughty. In the 1995 show, he is first seen in The joke is on Little Miss Naughty. He is one of the characters where that the other mr. men and little misses (except Mr. Bump, Mr. Nervous, Mr. Lazy, Mr. Fussy, Mr. Bounce, Mr. Grumpy, Mr. Quiet, Mr. Rude, Mr. Stubborn, Miss Bossy, Miss Naughty, Miss Scary, Miss Whoops and Miss Calamity) don't mind a tickle from him. He has been seen with all characters (except Mr. Tall (but he was seen with him in the 1995 show, and is one of his best friends, being seen with him at least three notable times, four if you count Mr.Tall's story.). Out of all the characters in the Mr. Men show, he has been seen with the most, if not, the most characters. He has sung Tickle it out three times in the series (Farm, Dining Out, Arts and Crafts). He blew bubbles of Mr Nervous, Mr Grumpy and himself. In fact, one of himself tickled him. He either thinks tickling is boring unless he can stretch his arms, or his tickles don't tickle unless is arms are long. The Only time he didn't want to tickle anyone was in Night after being scared at seeing Mr. Stubborn as a werewolf. He hasn't been told to be quiet by Mr. Noisy, it is unknown if he does though. He made a cameo on an episode of Mike And Molly along with Mr. Messy as plush toys.


What, meaning 'gentle way', did Jigoro Kano create in Japan in 1882?

Judo | EVA Foam Jigsaw Mats replica watches panerai replica watches replica rolex watches Judo Judo, meaning “gentle way” is a modern martial art, combat and Olympic sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano (嘉納治五郎). Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the objective is to either throw or takedown an opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue an opponent with a pin, or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke. Strikes and thrusts by hands and feet as well as weapons defenses are a part of judo, but only in pre-arranged forms (kata, 型) and are not allowed in judo competition or free practice (randori, 乱取り). A judo practitioner is called a judoka. The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from koryū (古流, traditional schools). The worldwide spread of judo has led to the development of a number of offshoots such as Sambo and Brazilian jiujitsu. History and philosophy The early history of judo is inseparable from its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Jigoro Kano (嘉納 治五郎 Kanō Jigorō, 1860–1938), born Shinnosuke Kano (嘉納 新之助 Kanō Shinnosuke). Kano was born into a relatively affluent family. His father, Jirosaku, was the second son of the head priest of the Shinto Hiyoshi shrine in Shiga Prefecture. He married Sadako Kano, daughter of the owner of Kiku-Masamune sake brewing company and was adopted by the family, changing his name to Kano, and ultimately became an official in the Bakufu government. Jigoro Kano had an academic upbringing and, from the age of seven, he studied English, Japanese calligraphy (書道 shodō) and the Four Confucian Texts (四書 Shisho) under a number of tutors. When he was fourteen, Kano began boarding at an English-medium school, Ikuei-Gijuku in Shiba, Tokyo. The culture of bullying endemic at this school was the catalyst that caused Kano to seek out a Jujutsu (柔術 Jūjutsu) dojo training place at which to train. Early attempts to find a jujutsu teacher who was willing to take him on met with little success. With the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the Meiji Restoration of 1868, jujutsu had become unfashionable in an increasingly westernised Japan. Many of those who had once taught the art had been forced out of teaching or become so disillusioned with it that they had simply given up. Nakai Umenari, an acquaintance of Kanō’s father and a former soldier, agreed to show him kata, but not to teach him. The caretaker of his father’s second house, Katagiri Ryuji, also knew jujutsu, but would not teach it as he believed it was no longer of practical use. Another frequent visitor to Kanō’s father’s house, Imai Genshiro of Kyūshin-ryū (扱心流) school of jujutsu, also refused. Several years passed before he finally found a willing teacher. In 1877, as a student at the Tokyo-Kaisei school (soon to become part of the newly founded Tokyo Imperial University), Kano learned that many jujutsu teachers had been forced to pursue alternative careers, frequently opening Seikotsu-in (整骨院, traditional osteopathy practices).[6] After inquiring at a number of these, Kano was referred to Fukuda Hachinosuke (c.1828–1880), a teacher of the Tenjin Shin’yō-ryū (天神真楊流) of jujutsu, who had a small nine mat dojo where he taught five students. Fukuda is said to have emphasized technique over formal exercise, sowing the seeds of Kano’s emphasis on randori (乱取り randori, free practice) in judo. On Fukuda’s death in 1880, Kano, who had become his keenest and most able student in both randori and kata (形 kata, pre-arranged forms), was given the densho (伝書, scrolls) of the Fukuda dojo.[9] Kano chose to continue his studies at another Tenjin Shin’yō-ryū school, that of Iso Masatomo (c.1820–1881). Iso placed more emphasis on the practice of kata, and entrusted randori instruction to assistants, increasingly to Kano. Iso died in June 1881 and Kano went on to study at the dojo of Iikubo Tsunetoshi (1835–1889) of Kitō-ryū (起倒流). Like Fukuda, Iikubo placed much emphasis on randori, with Kitō-ryū having a gre


What is a Lux Meter? What is a Lux Meter? On This Page Last Modified Date: 06 January 2017 Copyright Protected: Top 10 unbelievable historical concurrencies A lux meter is a device for measuring brightness, specifically, the intensity with which the brightness appears to the human eye. This is different than measurements of the actual light energy produced by or reflected from an object or light source. The lux is a unit of measurement of brightness, or more accurately, illuminance. It ultimately derives from the candela , the standard unit of measurement for the power of light. A candela is a fixed amount, roughly equivalent to the brightness of one candle. While the candela is a unit of energy, it has an equivalent unit known as the lumen, which measures the same light in terms of its perception by the human eye. One lumen is equivalent to the light produced in one direction from a light source rated at one candela. The lux takes into account the surface area over which this light is spread, which affects how bright it appears. One lux equals one lumen of light spread across a surface one square meter. A lux meter works by using a photo cell to capture light. The meter then converts this light to an electrical current, and measuring this current allows the device to calculate the lux value of the light it captured. The most common use of this type of meter is in photography and video filming. By measuring the light in luxes, photographers can adjust their shutter speed and depth of field to get the best picture quality. The device can also be very useful for filming outdoor scenes of television programs or movies as it allows adjustments to make sure scenes filmed in different light levels have a consistent brightness on screen. To a very limited extent, it is possible to use a camera as a makeshift lux meter. This works because some cameras measure light and automatically adjust the exposure time appropriately. Using a formula, a photographer can then reverse the calculation and convert the stated exposure time into light levels. This method has several limitations, including the fact that some light is absorbed as it passes through the camera lens, so the calculation must be adjusted accordingly. The method can be useful in situations where a separate meter is impractical, however, such as with delicate objects in a museum that can’t easily be reached without disruption. Another common use of a lux meter is in meeting health and safety regulations. It can be used to check whether a room is bright enough to meet any rules designed to protect workers from suffering damage to their eyesight, for example. The meter takes into account the size of the room in a way that simply measuring the intensity of the light source in lumens would not. Ad


Prior to Apple becoming the most valuable company in the world in 2012 (at $619bn) what corporation had held the record since 1999?

An Apple History: Remembering Apple CEO Steve Jobs - IPWatchdog.com | Patents & Patent Law Subscribe to our Blog via email An Apple History: Remembering Apple CEO Steve Jobs Print Article Steve Jobs, the visionary founder and leader of Apple Computer Corporation , died Wednesday, October 5, 2011 at the age of 56 after an 8-year battle with a rare form of pancreatic cancer. Jobs, who is sometimes referred to as the father of personal computing, was the mastermind behind Apple’s Computers, iPods, iPhones, iMacs and iPad’s and is seen by many as a man who pioneered the personal computing industry and literally changed the way we live our lives every day. In celebration of his life and his accomplishments over the years, the following is a timeline of Jobs’ history, and the history of Apple, beginning in 1972 when he graduated from Homestead High School in Cupertino, CA, and focusing on the major events in a memorable life. Upon the announcement of Steve Jobs death, Apple changed the homepage of their website to reflect a full-page image of Jobs with text that simply says “Steve Jobs 1955-2011.”  When you click on the image, you are directed to a page featuring a statement made by current Apple CEO Tim Cook: “Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being.  Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor.  Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.” Apple’s Board of directors put out the following statement: We are deeply saddened to announce that Steve Jobs passed away today.  Steve’s brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives. The world is immeasurably better because of Steve. His greatest love was for his wife, Laurene, and his family. Our hearts go out to them and to all who were touched by his extraordinary gifts. Early History Their journey began when the two Steve’s met in 1972.  Steve Jobs, a young, energetic, electronics enthusiast with a knack for marketing electronics met Steve Wozniak, a talented, self-taught electronics engineer and electronics hobbyist while Jobs worked a summer internship at Hewlett Packard.  Their partnership began when Wozniak started building boxes that allowed him to make long-distance phone calls for free and Jobs assisted Wozniak in marketing and selling several hundred of his boxes. Jobs was just 21 years old, when in 1976, he co-founded Apple Computer Corporation along with friend and fellow college drop out Wozniak, 26.   The company quickly established itself as one of the fastest growing companies in the United States with its products being carried by over 100 dealers by the end of 1978 and going public in 1980 when 4.6 million shares sold out in under a minute. Prior to Apple, when people thought of computers they thought of mainframe servers that took up entire floors. Jobs was a visionary whose idea for a personal computer led him to revolutionize the computer hardware and software industry, ultimately leading to just about every home and every school in America being able to afford and own a personal computer of their own. The Journey Begins 1972: Steve Jobs while still in high school started attending lectures at Hewlett-Packard, where he met Steve Wozniak after he was hired as a summer employee. 1974: Wozniak, who dabbled in computer design, invited Jobs to join the “Homebrew Computer Club” held at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center where electronics- enthusiasts got together to share knowledge and help others with their self-made computers.  Jobs who has an eye for the marketability of personal computers then convinces Wozniak, who enjoys creating electronic devices for fun, that they should form a company to build and market a personal computer to the mainstream. 1975: Jobs and Wozniak begin working on the design for the Apple I computer in Jobs’ bedroom and built the prototype in Jobs’ garage, all the while gett


Used in the beauty industry, what is the most abundant protein in mammals, mainly found in flesh and connective tissues of vertebrates?

What is Collagen? What is Collagen? By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD Collagen is a protein made up of amino-acids, which are in turn built of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Collagen contains specific amino acids – Glycine, Proline, Hydroxyproline and Arginine.  Collagen makes up approximately 30% of the proteins within the body. These are tough and strong structures found all over the body: in bones, tendons and ligaments. Where is collagen found? In nature, collagen is found exclusively in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. Collagen is a part of the connective tissue that in the skin helps in firmness, suppleness and constant renewal of skin cells. Collagen is vital for skin elasticity. Ligaments are another type of connective tissue that attach two bones and consequently hold the joints together. Tendons are similar but different type of tissue that attach the muscles to the bones. All of these tissues, the bones, ligaments, tendons and the skeletal muscles themselves, are made up of proteins. One of the most predominant proteins is called collagen. Collagen is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content.  An atomic-force-microscopy image of collagen fibrils in a collagen fiber. Image Credit: UChicago Argonne LLC What does collagen do? Collagen helps to give strength to various structures of the body and also protects structures like the skin by preventing absorption and spreading of pathogenic substances, environmental toxins, micro - organisms and cancerous cells. Collagen protein is the cement that holds everything together.  Collagen is also present in all the smooth muscle tissues, blood vessels digestive tract, heart, gallbladder, kidneys and bladder holding the cells and tissues together. Collagen is even the major component of the hair and nails. Aging and collagen With age, collagen production slows and the cells structures weaken. The skin gets thinner and is easier to damage, hair gets lifeless, skin sags and wrinkles, tendons and ligaments become less elastic, joints get stiff etc. Structure of collagen Collagen microscopically occurs in elongated fibrils. It is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin, and is also abundant in cornea, bone, blood vessels, cartilage, intervertebral disc and the digestive tract. In muscle tissue, collagen serves as a major component of endomysium. 1 to 2% of the muscles are formed of collagen and around 6% of the total weight of muscles is formed of collagen. Gelatin used in food is collagen that has been irreversibly hydrolyzed. Molecular structure of collagen In the mid-1930’s collagen was first discovered to have a molecular structure. Nobel laureates Crick, Pauling, Rich and Yonath and others including Brodsky, Berman, and Ramachandran have been researching the structure of collagen and their possible functions. After several speculations of individual peptide chain, the final model that has been developed is the "Madras" model which provided an essentially correct model of the molecule's quaternary structure although this model still required some refinement. It is a triple-helical structure. Collagen is further packed into fibrillar collagen types with hexagional or quasi hexagonal shapes. The packing may be 'sheet-like' or microfibrillar. The microfibrillar structure of collagen fibrils in tendon, cornea and cartilage has been directly imaged by electron microscopy.  The microfibrillar structure of adult tendon was confirmed in 2006 by Fraser, Miller and Wess (amongst others). They found the D-periodic pentameric arrangement and termed it microfibril. Reviewed by April Cashin-Garbutt , BA Hons (Cantab)


What weapon was named by Finnish people after the Soviet foreign minister responsible for the partition of Finland during the Winter War between the two nations 1939-40?

Winter War | World War II Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia 5,572 captured [20 ] 3,543 tanks [F 10 ] [21 ] [22 ] [23 ] 261–515 aircraft [F 11 ] [23 ] [24 ] 323,000 total casualties The Winter War ( Finnish : talvisota, Swedish : vinterkriget, Russian : Зимняя война, tr. Zimnyaya voyna) [25 ] was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland . It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939—two months after the start of World War II and the Soviet invasion of Poland —and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace Treaty . The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939. [26 ] The Soviets had more than three times as many soldiers as the Finns, thirty times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks . The Red Army , however, had been crippled by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin 's Great Purge of 1937, reducing the army's morale and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting. [27 ] With more than 30,000 of its army officers executed or imprisoned, including most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many inexperienced senior and mid-level officers. [28 ] [29 ] Because of these factors, and high morale in the Finnish forces, Finland was able to resist the Soviet invasion for far longer than the Soviets expected. [30 ] Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of its economic assets to the Soviet Union. [31 ] Soviet losses were heavy, and the country's international reputation suffered. [32 ] Soviet forces did not accomplish their objective of the total conquest of Finland, [33 ][ need quotation to verify ] but did gain substantial territory along Lake Ladoga , providing a buffer for Leningrad , and territory in Northern Finland. The Finns, however, retained their sovereignty and enhanced their international reputation. The peace treaty thwarted the Franco-British plan to send troops to Finland through northern Scandinavia . One of the operation's major goals had been to take control of northern Sweden's iron ore and cut its deliveries to Germany . [34 ] Contents Edit Main article: Background of the Winter War === Politics of Finland=== [3] [4] Northern Europe in November 1939. [35 ]Neutral nationsGermany and occupied nationsSoviet Union and annexed nationsNations with Soviet military basesUntil the beginning of the 19th century, Finland constituted the eastern part of the Kingdom of Sweden . In 1809, to protect its imperial capital, Saint Petersburg , the Russians conquered Finland and converted it into an autonomous buffer state within the Russian Empire . Grand Duchy of Finland enjoyed wide autonomy within the Empire until the end of the 19th century, when Russia began attempts to assimilate Finland as part of a general policy to strengthen the central government and unify the Empire through Russification . While abortive because of Russia's internal strife, these attempts ruined Russia's relations with the Finns and increased support for Finnish self-determination movements. [36 ] The outbreak of the First World War and the collapse of the Russian Empire gave Finland a window of opportunity; on 6 December 1917, the Senate of Finland declared the nation's independence . The new Bolshevik Russian government was weak, and with the threat of civil war looming Soviet Russia recognized the new Finnish government just three weeks after the declaration of independence. [36 ] Sovereignty was fully achieved in May 1918 after a short civil war and the expulsion of Bolshevik troops. [37 ] Finland joined the League of Nations in 1920. Finland sought security guarantees from the League, but its primary goal was cooperation with the Scandinavian countries . The Finnish and Swedish militaries engaged in wide-ranging cooperation, but were more focused on the exchange of information and defence planning for the Åland islands than on military exercises , or the stockpiling and deployment of materiel . Nevertheless, the government of Sweden ca


What large and complex nation contains varying geographical/ethnic/political regions called 'krais', 'oblasts', 'okrugs' and 'republics'?

Intergovernmental Reforms in the Russian Federation: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? | Decentralization Kitdrngvdriaditb` ]dlgras ki tcd ]usskbi Ldedrbtkgi Intergovernmental Reforms in the Russian Federation: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? Download Description This study represents the most comprehensive review of fiscal federalism in the Russian Federation, presenting a strong case for greater decentralization. Given its vast size, immense diversity – i... This study represents the most comprehensive review of fiscal federalism in the Russian Federation, presenting a strong case for greater decentralization. Given its vast size, immense diversity – including economic, geographic, cultural, ethnic, and historical differences across regions – Russia is a prime candidate for decentralization. By succinctly surveying the literature on fiscal decentralization and clearly spelling out the main concepts, the volume sets the stage for the subsequent description of the fiscal system in Russia and its evolution through a succession of reforms guided by a desire on the part of Russian policymakers to craft a workable system of fiscal federalism. The authors not only describe the state of fiscal federalism in Russia at its key turning points, but they also provide insightful critical assessments of the reforms introduced at each stage. The book is rich with examples, which makes it an easy and exciting reading. The book's analysis of the history gives perspective to the authors' assessment of the current state of Russia's federalism. The authors make a strong case for greater decentralization in Russia based not only on the traditional economic benefits of fiscal federalism but also on the political benefits from local government competition. The richness of detail and the careful tracing of the reforms over the past nearly two decades also mean that this study will be an invaluable guide to both current observers with academic and policy interest in the recent fiscal federalism reforms as well as Russia's fiscal evolution since the early 1990s and its current fiscal challenges.


The disgraced fraudulent head of failed monster corporation Polly Peck, Asil Nadir, fled to what country in 1993?

Classic Financial and Corporate Scandals - part 2 Classic Financial and Corporate Scandals Part 2 Nigeria-Related Financial Crime: links with Britain by Michael Peel This type of financial crime has become a large and pressing problem for the UK authorities. This 65 page report, by the independent research body Chatham House, looks at how it is currently tackled and makes recommendations as what further actions authorities might take. November 2006.   Microsoft will provide technical support and training to Nigeriaï¿½s    Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) who will in turn trace and    prosecute those found guilty of e-mail scams. ABC Money, 16 October 2005.   Nigeria's biggest fraud case has been dismissed after the judge said    he had no jurisdiction to hear it. Three people had denied stealing more than    $242m from a bank in Brazil. BBC, 20 July, 2004.   $242m 419 scam trial collapses A Nigerian judge dismissed to case against two people who, posing as the Governor and Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, defrauded Banco Noroeste in Brazil of $242 million. The judge claimed he had no jurisdiction to hear the case. 20 July 2004.   An article from the Observer about scam-baiting websites set up for    the purpose of stringing fraudsters along and wasting their time.    The Observer, November 16, 2003.   A website created to fight the A Five Billion US$ (to date) worldwide Scam    which has run since the early 1980's under Successive Governments of Nigeria.   More information about the Nigerian 419 Scam from Brian Wizard who has written    a book based on his investigations. More recently he has published a book with the title . Both are available as e-books from his website.   Information from the Freeman Institute about the scams that are damaging to the    reputations of legitimate African business people.   Advice from Shropshire County Council Trading Standards Service on how    to deal with the messages.   A detailed explanation of how to recognise fraudulent e-mail messages    offering financial rewards. It also includes some information about the    role of Internet service providers (ISPs) and suggestions for reporting    the senders of fraudulent messages.   An explanation of the scam, including a copy of a typical e-mail message from    the fraudsters, provided by About.com.   More information about how the scam works.   How to use the web to find information about the "Nigerian 419" scam, by Lucy Farmer, the Guardian, November 21, 2002.   Lottery / Sweepstake Offers This is a variation of the "Nigerian" advance fee scam, above. Typically it starts   with an unsolicited e-mail message telling you that you have won a large sum in a   lottery you did not take part in. A warning from the US Federal Trade Commission for the Consumer of fraudulent    messages about lottery winnings.   A directory of articles from different countries.   The New Zealand Ministry of Consumer Affairs maintains a long list of many of    the known lottery scams.   The author of the book Big Bets Gone Bad: Derivatives and Bankruptcy in    Orange County, maintains this page which describes that bankruptcy and the role    that value at risk could have played in preventing the calamity.   Re-examining the Metallgesellschaft affair and its implication for oil traders The Metallgesellschaft AG (MG) affair of 1993-94 conveyed three central messages to the petroleum industry: one pertaining to the relationship between hedging and speculating, one pertaining to corporate governance, and one pertaining to commodity market dynamics. Ed Krapels, Oil & Gas Journal March 26, 2001   Solv-ex proposed to extract bitumen from oily sand. Peter Young, a money    manager at Morgan Grenfell Asset Management, is said to have violated British    securities laws by using several shell companies to purchase essentially all the    shares offered by Solv-Ex.   A review of a book by Manny Asensio, a short seller, which contains information    about connections b


The 'Occam's Razor' (or Ockham's Razor) principle asserts that reliable theories and explanations tend to entail minimal?

Simplicity in the Philosophy of Science | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Z Simplicity in the Philosophy of Science The view that simplicity is a virtue in scientific theories and that, other things being equal, simpler theories should be preferred to more complex ones has been widely advocated in the history of science and philosophy, and it remains widely held by modern scientists and philosophers of science. It often goes by the name of “Ockham’s Razor.” The claim is that simplicity ought to be one of the key criteria for evaluating and choosing between rival theories, alongside criteria such as consistency with the data and coherence with accepted background theories. Simplicity, in this sense, is often understood ontologically, in terms of how simple a theory represents nature as being—for example, a theory might be said to be simpler than another if it posits the existence of fewer entities, causes, or processes in nature in order to account for the empirical data. However, simplicity can also been understood in terms of various features of how theories go about explaining nature—for example, a theory might be said to be simpler than another if it contains fewer adjustable parameters, if it invokes fewer extraneous assumptions, or if it provides a more unified explanation of the data. Preferences for simpler theories are widely thought to have played a central role in many important episodes in the history of science. Simplicity considerations are also regarded as integral to many of the standard methods that scientists use for inferring hypotheses from empirical data, the most of common illustration of this being the practice of curve-fitting. Indeed, some philosophers have argued that a systematic bias towards simpler theories and hypotheses is a fundamental component of inductive reasoning quite generally. However, though the legitimacy of choosing between rival scientific theories on grounds of simplicity is frequently taken for granted, or viewed as self-evident, this practice raises a number of very difficult philosophical problems. A common concern is that notions of simplicity appear vague, and judgments about the relative simplicity of particular theories appear irredeemably subjective. Thus, one problem is to explain more precisely what it is for theories to be simpler than others and how, if at all, the relative simplicity of theories can be objectively measured. In addition, even if we can get clearer about what simplicity is and how it is to be measured, there remains the problem of explaining what justification, if any, can be provided for choosing between rival scientific theories on grounds of simplicity. For instance, do we have any reason for thinking that simpler theories are more likely to be true? This article provides an overview of the debate over simplicity in the philosophy of science. Section 1 illustrates the putative role of simplicity considerations in scientific methodology, outlining some common views of scientists on this issue, different formulations of Ockham’s Razor, and some commonly cited examples of simplicity at work in the history and current practice of science. Section 2 highlights the wider significance of the philosophical issues surrounding simplicity for central controversies in the philosophy of science and epistemology. Section 3 outlines the challenges facing the project of trying to precisely define and measure theoretical simplicity, and it surveys the leading measures of simplicity and complexity currently on the market. Finally, Section 4 surveys the wide variety of attempts that have been made to justify the practice of choosing between rival theories on grounds of simplicity. Table of Contents References and Further Reading 1. The Role of Simplicity in Science There are many ways in which simplicity might be regarded as a desirable feature of scientific theories. Simpler theories are frequently said to be more “beautiful” or more “elegant” than their rivals; they might also be easier to understand and to work with. Howeve


What word, equating to check, is given to the amplified sound system for performers at a concert venue?

Concerts How To Produce and Promote Small Concerts by Jeff Brown   Here's a guide to producing small concerts I put together several years ago. We updated it a bit, but the the basic information is still invaluable for those who wish to organize a concert or similar fund-raiser. Thanks to Lis Saya and Mike Sakarias for their help and contributions.   INTRODUCTION Think back to the last concert you went to. Why did you enjoy it? The sound was great, an intimate atmosphere suited both the performer and the audience, you were able to have cookies and coffee during the intermission, and, all in all, you had a great evening. The sound was probably good because they had a sound engineer who spent the afternoon setting and testing microphones, running cables, and adjusting the PA to fit the acoustics of the room. The atmosphere suited the occasion because someone took the time to find lights, set them up, and focus them onto the performing area, which had been arranged with appropriate furniture, plants, and perhaps a wall hanging. You even noticed that all this was done before you arrived for the concert (early, because you wanted a good seat), including a small, attractive pitcher of water for the performer(s). Cookies, juice, and coffee were waiting at intermission, thanks to volunteer bakers. Someone picked them up earlier in the day, along with a coffee maker, coffee, juice, cups, napkins, cream & sugar, and stirring implements. As the time for the concert approached, the lights dimmed and the emcee gave a short welcome to the audience, introduced the performer(s), and the evening went off without a hitch, except for the one excited person who spilled their juice on their lap and let out an untimely 'Whoop!" Pretty easy, right? Well, only if you've got an unlimited budget and can hire everyone you need. Most of the time, putting on a concert is serious work. It can be fun too. But if you're putting on a concert, be ready to do all of the above yourself, including a whole lot more. You'll probably have help, but be ready to commit a great deal of time and energy. It will be work, but if you're the type of person who likes seeing happy faces on people, it will be worth it. It should be stated right now, that if you're in it for the money, stop reading now. The ultimate objective here is to create a magical communication between the performer(s) and the audience be it mellow new-age or hard-assed rock and roll. Your job is to make it possible for that magic to take place. That's not to say there are no financial rewards. Concerts can be an effective way of generating income for radio stations, collectives, or what have you. But they certainly are not cost-effective in terms of the hours spent straightening out the myriad of details. As with most small organizations, volunteer-power is necessary, important, and besides, it's fun to work together. This guide is divided into several sections. The flrst is an overview of the whole process, followed by detailed sections on planning, promoters, publicity, lighting, sound, and finally, a few collected philosophies. It's probably safe to say that no one gets into the concert business on purpose. Your organization was approached by an agent, performers themselves, or maybe you got a good deal on a sound system at a garage sale. It's too late to turn back...here you are!   OVERVIEW For the purposes of demonstration, we'll use a fictional trio, THE REVERB BROTHERS, as our featured performers. They are represented by George Washington, who also handles several other acts (including THE REVERB SISTERS). "THE REVERB BROTHERS have always wanted to come to/enjoyed their last visit so much/have never seen (insert city). Would you like to do a concert with them?" asks George Washington. After haggling over the price, you finally agree on a date two months away. THE REVERB BROTHERS will arrive at the airport in the late morning, check the hall out, do an interview on radio/TV, do a sound check, rest a bit, have a light dinner, arrive at the hall, and begin playing at eight p.m. They will do two


Largest Islands in Europe Information of the world Home » Sciences » Geography » Largest Islands in Europe Island is a land mass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water. Continents are islands in the strict sense of the words differing from other islands only in size. Here are given some largest island in Europe by area. Great Britain Island Great Britain is an island lying off the western coast of Europe. It is the largest island in Europe and ninth largest in the world. Its total area is 219000 km2 with a population of about 59.6 million people. It is also the third most populated island on Earth. Iceland North Atlantic Picture Iceland is the 2nd largest European island located in North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of about 320000 and a total area of 103000 km2. This island is volcanically and geologically active. The island’s in interior the highlands of Iceland are a cold and uninhabitable combination of sand and mountains. It is also the world’s 18th largest island. Ireland North Atlantic Picture Ireland is the third largest island in Europe with the area of 84,421 km2. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. It is also the 20th largest island in the world with total population of 6197,100 people. West Spits Bergen Island Picture West spits Bergen is the fourth largest European island located in Norway. It covers approximately 39,044 km2 area and it total population estimated as 5969,190 people. Polar bears are found in this island in coastal areas especially. Sicily Mediterranean Sea island Picture Sicily Island is the largest in the Mediterranean Sea, comprising an autonomous region of Italy. It is a volcanic island rather closer to the African coast than Sicily’s. Sicily covers the largest land area in Holy at 25,728 square kilometers and currently has just over five million people. Sardinia Island Picture Sardinia Island Situated in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, with its app 1800 kilometers of costline, is one of the most popular destinations for visitors. It is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea after sicilly. Sardinia is the sixth largest island in Europe having the population of 1,670,219 inhabitants North East Land Picture North East Land is the 7th largest island in the Europe with an area of 14,443 square kilometers. This island is the second largest island of Norway after west spits Bergen. The east coast of the land is formed by a front of inland ice and about 30% of the island is comprised of wetlands. Cyprus Island Picture Cyprus has some of the finest and largest island in the Mediterranean, particularly in the east. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and 8th largest in Europe. It measures 240 kilometers long from end to end and 100 km wide. It is home to some of the oddest water wells in the world. The total population of the Cyprus Island is estimated as 870,000 people. Corsica Island Picture Corsica located in west of holy, southeast of the French mainland and north of the island of Sardinia. This island is the 9th largest island in Europe. It is also known as the most mountainous island in the Mediterranean. Corsica island is 183 kilometer long and 83 kilometer wide. The island’s climate, mountains and coastlines make it popular among tourists. Crete Island Picture Crete is the largest island of Greece with a total area of 8300 sq km and two thirds of the whole surface of the island is mountainous. The island of Crete in Greece has a population of about 520,000 inhabitants. Heracles is the largest city and capital of create