The name of which fish means to struggle?

Struggle - definition of struggle by The Free Dictionary Struggle - definition of struggle by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/struggle v. strug·gled, strug·gling, strug·gles v.intr. 1. To exert muscular energy, as against a material force or mass: struggled with the heavy load. 2. a. To be strenuously engaged with a problem, task, or undertaking: struggled for years before breaking through as an actor. b. To have difficulty or make a strenuous effort doing something: struggled to be polite. c. To move or progress with difficulty: struggled up the steep slope. 3. To contend or compete: "Right and wrong ... will ever continue to struggle" (Abraham Lincoln). v.tr. To move or place (something) with an effort: struggled the heavy desk into the elevator. n. 1. The act of struggling: the rat's struggle to escape the snake's coils. 2. A strenuous effort in the face of difficulty: the struggle for civil rights. 3. Strife, contention, or combat: armed struggle. 4. Something that is difficult to do or achieve: Getting him to agree will be a struggle. [Middle English struglen.] (ˈstrʌɡəl) vb 1. (intr; usually foll by for or against; may take an infinitive) to exert strength, energy, and force; work or strive: to struggle to obtain freedom. 2. (intr) to move about strenuously so as to escape from something confining 3. (intr) to contend, battle, or fight 4. (intr) to go or progress with difficulty n 5. a laboured or strenuous exertion or effort 6. (Military) a fight or battle 7. the act of struggling 8. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) the struggle South African the radical and armed opposition to apartheid, esp by the military wings of the ANC and the PAC [C14: of obscure origin] 1. to contend vigorously with an adversary or adverse conditions. 2. to contend resolutely with a task or problem. 3. to make strenuous efforts; strive. 4. to advance with great effort: to struggle through heavy snow. v.t. 5. to bring, put, etc., by struggling. 6. to make (one's way) with great effort. n. 7. an act or instance of struggling. 8. a war, fight, conflict, or contest of any kind. [1350–1400; Middle English struglen, stroglen, frequentative v. (see -le ) formed on a base of obscure orig.] strug′gler, n. See Also: BEHAVIOR , FUTILITY , LIFE (In his efforts with the numbing pain,) he was like a man wrestling with a creature of the air —Stephen Crane Like the tiny coral insect, working deep under the dark waters, we strive and struggle, each for our own little ends —Jerome K. Jerome Struggle along … stopping and starting like a blown newspaper —J. G. Farrell (The coalition Israeli government) struggled like two cats in a bag —Ebra Ames Struggle like a fish —Leo Tolstoy Struggling like a fly trapped in a glass of water —Anon Struggling like a moth to break its chrysalis —Rumer Godden Struggling through life like a wearied swimmer trying to touch the horizon —Israel Zangwill struggle I will have been struggling you will have been struggling he/she/it will have been struggling we will have been struggling you will have been struggling they will have been struggling Past Perfect Continuous Noun 1. struggle - an energetic attempt to achieve something; "getting through the crowd was a real struggle"; "he fought a battle for recognition" attempt , effort , try , endeavor , endeavour - earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something; "made an effort to cover all the reading material"; "wished him luck in his endeavor"; "she gave it a good try" duel - any struggle between two skillful opponents (individuals or groups) scramble , scuffle - an unceremonious and disorganized struggle joust , tilt - a combat between two mounted knights tilting against each other with blunted lances 2. struggle - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); "the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph"--Thomas Paine; "police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs" conflict , battle class struggle , class war , class warfare - conflict between social or economic classes (especial


Who is the patron saint of mountaineers?

Patron Saint of Mountaineers: St. Bernard of Menthon | Mountain Prayer Patron Saint of Mountaineers: St. Bernard of Menthon Have you ever thought there was a patron saint for mountaineers? Source: Wikipedia.org Bernard was born ca. 1020, in Menthon. He was descended from a rich and noble family and received thorough education. When he had reached his majority age, he decided to devote himself to the service of the Church and refused an honorable marriage proposed by his father. In popular legend it is said that he had to sneak out of the castle on the night before an arranged wedding, and that during his flight from the castle, he threw himself from his window, only to be captured by angels and lowered gently to the ground 40 feet (12 meters) below. Under guidance of Peter- Archdeacon of Aosta, he rapidly progressed and was later on ordained to priesthood. On account of his learning and virtue, he was appointed to succeed his mentor as archdeacon of the cathedral, giving him the charge of the government of the diocese, directly under the bishop. Seeing the old pagan ways still prevailing among the people of the Alps, Bernard resolved to devote himself to their conversion. For 42 years he continued to preach the Gospel to these people and even into many cantons of Lombardy, effecting numerous conversions and working many miracles. St. Bernards Pass Nederlands: Pashoogte van de Sint Bernard (Photo credit: Wikipedia) For another reason, Bernard’s name will forever be famous in history. Since the most ancient times there has been a path across the Pennine Alps leading from the valley of Aosta to the Swiss canton of Valais. The traditional route of this pass is covered with perpetual snow from seven to eight feet deep, and drifts sometimes accumulate to the height of forty feet. Although the pass was extremely dangerous, especially in springtime on account of avalanches, it was often used by French and German pilgrims on their way to Rome. In his office as archdeacon, Bernard had the charge of caring for the poor and travelers. For their convenience and protection, Bernard founded a canony and hospice at the highet point of the pass, 8,000 feet above sea-level, in the year 1050, at the site which has came to bear his name. The last act of St. Bernard’s life was the reconciliation of two nobleman whose strife threatened a fatal outcome. He died on June 1081 in the Imperial Free City of Novara and was interred in the monastery of St. Lawrence. Share this:


What name is given to the soft V shaped part of a horse’s hoof?

PARTS OF THE HOOF PARTS OF THE HOOF Illustration ï¿½ PENZANCE Equine Solutions 2006. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Physiology of the Parts: Hoof in General:   Front hooves should be round in shape and be able to be divided into thirds with 2/3 of the ground contact  behind the widest part of the foot and 1/3 ahead of the widest part of the foot to the point of breakover. Rear hooves should be more oval shaped. Front hooves hold 60% of the horses total weight when static whereas the rears hold 40% and are meant to be able to dig in for quick take-off at which time weight shifts to rear.   The hooves should be balanced medially-laterally (side to side). That is, if drawing an imaginary line from the heel to the toe right down the middle of the hoof, the two sides should be the same. Not one side higher than the other or thinner than the other but both unilaterally the same. The same applies when viewing the hoof from the front. If an imaginary line is drawn straight down the middle of the pastern through the hoof, both sides should be equal and balanced. Ideally, the hoof wall should be the same thickness all the way around the hoof and never left long enough to be weight-bearing by itself. In healthy, whole hooves, if one were to draw an imaginary shape continuing from the toe callous around the hoof this wide area would look like a "natural" shoe on the horse and be almost uniformly weight bearing as on a flat plane with the walls of the hooves blending smoothly and tightly into the sole. This is called the sole callous. The slight arched area in the quarters that are not flat on the ground allow for expansion of the hoof on loading.  Here is an actual photograph depicting this.    This hoof has not yet been trimmed but clearly shows the thick hoofwall with no separations or dirt between the wall and the sole. The hoof sole is one solid unit. The frog, however, is showing pathological issues and is not representative of a healthy frog. The hoof is clearly in need of a major correct trim. The heels are too long so the frog does not receive any ground contact. This causes contracted heels which are evident in the above photo. When looking at the horse while hooves are on the ground, the same applies for uniformity as it does when looking at the hooves from a solar view.   This is a front hoof newly trimmed after removing shoes. The heels were left longer than ideal because the heels were so long before trimming that to trim down to ideal height would have made the horse sore. Subsequent trims every couple of weeks for a month or so will get the heels down to ideal height. Notice, though, the angles of the hoof wall being the same angle as the coronary and the pastern. The toe is nice and short and the hoof has no irregularities. This hoof does not show much arch to the quarters as it is a horse that is kept on soft ground. A horse that is kept on hard ground would exhibit more arching.    Hooves should be smooth-walled showing no ridges or rings around the hoof. Neither should there be any chips, dings or other evidence of pathologies or injuries. The coronary band hairline should be a straight line when viewed from the side with no bumps or waves. The angle of the coronary hairline, when viewed from the side, should be close to 30 degrees (31 - 33*) to ground level. This allows the coffin bone inside the hoof capsule to rest nearly at ground level. Notice the slight wave in the hoof arrowed whereas the hairline on the other hoof is  straight. The placement of the wave on this hairline is indicative of bars that are left too long and a slight pressure point on the hoof wall. The frogs should be wide across the back of the hoof with a nice, calloused, smooth appearance. (Note: horses kept on wet or soft ground will have a more rubbery, pliant type frog.) When the hoof is weight bearing the frog should be in ground contact. There should be no slits or crevices in the frog which would indicate pathologies. The bulbs of the heels should be uniform in size and appearance.        The photo above shows comments on a REAR hoof. Notice the


In world War II what term was used to describe a group of German U-boats?

U-boat | German submarine | Britannica.com German submarine U-boat, German U-boot, abbreviation of Unterseeboot, (“undersea boat”), a German submarine . The destruction of enemy shipping by German U-boats was a spectacular feature of both World Wars I and II. Launching of U-218 at Kiel, Germany, in 1941. From J.P. Mallmann Showell, U-Boats under the Swastika (1987) World War I Germany was the first country to employ submarines in war as substitutes for surface commerce raiders. At the outset of World War I , German U-boats, though numbering only 38, achieved notable successes against British warships; but because of the reactions of neutral powers (especially the United States) Germany hesitated before adopting unrestricted U-boat warfare against merchant ships. The decision to do so in February 1917 was largely responsible for the entry of the United States into the war. The U-boat campaign then became a race between German sinkings of merchant ships and the building of ships, mainly in the United States, to replace them. In April 1917, 430 Allied and neutral ships totaling 852,000 tons were sunk, and it seemed likely that the German gamble would succeed. However, the introduction of convoys , the arrival of numerous U.S. destroyers , and the vast output of American shipyards turned the tables. By the end of the war Germany had built 334 U-boats and had 226 under construction. The peak U-boat strength of 140 was reached in October 1917, but there were never more than about 60 at sea at one time. In 1914–18 the destruction—more than 10,000,000 tons—caused by the U-boats was especially remarkable in view of the small size (less than l,000 tons), frailty, and vulnerability of the craft. World War II The Armistice terms of 1918 required Germany to surrender all its U-boats, and the Treaty of Versailles forbade it to possess them in the future. In 1935, however, Adolf Hitler ’s Germany repudiated the treaty and forcefully negotiated the right to build U-boats. Britain was ill-prepared in 1939 for a resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, and during the early months of World War II the U-boats, which at that time numbered only 57, again achieved great successes. The first phase, during which the U-boats generally operated singly, ended in March 1941, by which time many merchant ships were sailing in convoy, trained escort groups were becoming available, and aircraft were proving their effectiveness as anti-U-boat weapons. In the next phase the Germans, having acquired air and U-boat bases in Norway and western France, were able to reach much farther out into the Atlantic , and their U-boats began to operate in groups (called wolf packs by the British). One U-boat would shadow a convoy and summon others by radio, and then the group would attack, generally on the surface at night. These tactics succeeded until radar came to the aid of the escorts and until convoys could be given continuous sea and air escort all the way across the Atlantic in both directions. In March 1943, as in April 1917, the Germans nearly succeeded in cutting Britain’s Atlantic lifeline, but by May escort carriers and very-long-range reconnaissance bombers became available. After the U-boats lost 41 of their number during that month, they withdrew temporarily from the Atlantic. USS U-3008, formerly the German U-boat U-3008, under way at sea, … U.S. Navy Photograph/National Archives snorkel In the next phase, U-boats were sent to remote waters where unescorted targets could still be found. Although at first they achieved considerable successes, especially in the Indian Ocean , the Allied strategy of striking at the U-boats’ supply vessels and putting all possible shipping into convoys again proved successful. In the final phase the U-boats—then fitted with the snorkel (schnorkel) ventilating tube, which permitted extended underwater travel and greatly reduced the effectiveness of radar—returned to the coastal waters around the British Isles , but they sank few ships and themselves suffered heavy losses.


In which battle of May 1982 did Colonel H. Jones win his posthumous V.C.?

Army top brass had doubts over Lt Col 'H' Jones's Falklands VC - Telegraph Army top brass had doubts over Lt Col 'H' Jones's Falklands VC Lt Col Herbert Jones  By Ben Fenton 12:01AM BST 28 Mar 2005 The best-known Victoria Cross award of the post-war era was surrounded by controversy from the earliest days and questioned at the highest levels of the military, newly-released documents have revealed. Lt Col Herbert Jones, universally known simply as 'H', was awarded the VC for charging Argentine positions defending the settlement of Goose Green during the first land battle of the Falklands conflict. He died in the act, but his men, the 2nd Bn Parachute Regiment (2 Para), went on to take all of their objectives against heavy odds. Some time later, authors and historians began to report doubts about the award, suggesting that his actions were ill-judged and rash, much to the anger of his friends and many former comrades. Related Articles Rallying charge was 'devastating display of courage' 28 Mar 2005 But files show that even by the time the first recommendations for medals were received in London, less than six weeks after the final recapture of the Falklands, these doubts were already circulating. The VC is awarded only on the recommendation to the Queen by the Prime Minister and the Defence Secretary and they act only on the recommendation of the VC committee for the relevant service. This committee is made up of three senior officers and the deputy permanent secretary of the Ministry of Defence. In turn, they act on the recommendations made through the chain of command, when senior officers can offer various levels of support for an award, from simply recommending them to strongly, or very strongly recommending them. The new papers show that Lt Col Jones's citation was "very strongly recommended" by the overall commander of Land Forces for the campaign. But his superior, the Task Force commander Adml Sir John Fieldhouse, had given it "only" a recommendation. The files also show that the committees considered awarding him a posthumous Military Cross instead. Papers composed by or for Lt Gen Sir Roland Guy, the Military Secretary of the Army and secretary to the VC committee, give an insight into why this may have happened. Sir Roland wrote to his colleagues about Lt Col Jones on July 24, 1982: "It can be argued that [his] action was reckless and that at a critical moment in the attack he needlessly risked his life and showed a lack of judgment rather than conspicuous bravery. "It is clear from the citation, however, that his action, which epitomises the determination, drive and offensive spirit which exemplified his leadership of the Battalion, was committed at what was the critical and pivotal moment of the battle; that its effect upon the enemy and his own battalion was decisive and that such action was necessary at that moment to break the stalemate which had already lasted an hour or more." Sir Roland did not include in his recommendation the remarks of his deputy, who had written: "The fact is that Jones's single-minded determination to get on, to close with and destroy the enemy so inspired his own battalion that they went to achieve a feat of arms which defied all accepted military theory. "It set the tenor for subsequent British land operations and gave the enemy a marked sense of inferiority in combat. There is no doubt that his VC, if approved, will also, inseparably, be 2 Para's VC." A similar approach had already been taken by a tri-service committee set up specially by the MoD "to adjudicate on overall standards [inserted] & to monitor the number of awards by grades to each service" arising from the conflict. They wrote of Lt Col Jones: "His was considered to be the key action at a moment of stalemate which probably unlatched the gate to further momentum and ultimate success. "There could be a view that his action was hot-headed and ill-judged but this did not detract from the conspicuous bravery he showed." Maj Gen [then Brig] Julian Thompson, his commanding officer, said: "In my opinion, a commanding officer


Pharaohs of the Bible Pharaohs of the Bible Dion Astwood, 2004 Traditional synchronisms of Egypt and Israel are likely to be incorrect as they do not correspond to the descriptions as given in Scripture. They tend to be made on date matching, that is a date in Scripture as defined by the Bible is matched with a date defined by Egyptian records and archeology. This does not take into account the circumstances surrounding the situations described in the Bible and subsequently Egyptian records do not appear to correspond to Scripture. The Scriptural chronology is relatively robust, but the same can not be said of the Egyptian. What follows is a description of the Pharaohs and Egypt as given in Scripture with the Scriptural time periods. If the Egyptian records can be identified which give the identity of the Pharaohs mentioned in the Bible, then the Egyptian chronology can be adjusted (and others that are based on Egypt). Though BC dates are often used, AM dates are more useful when working from the Bible and are used here. There are potentially 20 royal Egyptians mentioned in the Bible, though some are likely identical, for example the Pharaoh Potiphar was offical to when Joseph came to Egypt was possibly the Pharaoh that Joseph served 13 years later. They are as follows: A Following is information concerning these royal Egyptians as given by Scripture. Information concerning the Pharaohs as given by Scripture Pharaoh A Abram departed to Canaan in 2083 at age 75. He went to Egypt sometime between then and 2093 when Hagar conceives Ishmael; probably earlier in this decade. Pharaoh A took Sarai into his harem and gave Abraham gifts. Pharaoh’s household was inflicted with severe plagues, probably diseases. Pharaoh B Joseph was taken to Egypt in 2276 age 17, nearly 200 years after Abram’s visit. He was sold to Pharaoh B’s official named Potiphar. Pharaoh C Potiphar had Joseph put in jail. In 2287 Pharaoh’s butler and baker were also put in jail. This was 11 years after Joseph had arrived in Egypt and this Pharaoh may be the same as Pharaoh B. Pharaoh made Joseph the primeminister in 2289, Joseph was 2nd to the Pharaoh. Joseph was called: Adviser to Pharaoh Lord over Pharaoh’s household Ruler over all the land of Egypt Following this there was 7 years of agricultural prosperity than had been predicted beforehand because of a dream the Pharoah had interpreted by Joseph, and Egypt collected 1/5 of the grain to store. 7 years of famine followed that again had been prophesied and Egypt had made prior preparations for this famine. The years of plenty were 2290-2296 and the years of famine were 2297-2303. Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, except that of the priests. A law is passed by Joseph that states that 1/5 of the crop belongs to Pharaoh. Joseph was named Zaphenath-Paneah by the Pharaoh and Joseph’s wife’s name was Asenath. She was the daughter of a priest of On called Potiphera. The Hebrews came to live in Goshen in Egypt in 2298 and stayed 215 years until 2513. The land of Goshen (or part of it) was also called Rameses. The Egyptians and Hebrews were segregated and the Egyptians did not eat with the Hebrews. In 2298 Jacob blesses the Pharaoh. The minimum time Pharaoh C ruled was from jailing the butler in 2287 to the end of the famine in 2303, or 17 years. Pharaoh D Joseph returned to Canaan to bury Jacob in 2315. Although this Pharaoh may be the same as Pharaoh C, the request Joseph makes to bury his father Jacob by way of the royal court leaves the possibility that this was a subsequent Pharaoh. If B, C and D are all the same person, this Pharaoh ruled at least from 2276 to 2315, or 40 years. Pharaoh E The Pharaoh of the oppression did not know Joseph, and Joseph’s generation had died. Joseph died in 2361 and Levi died c. 2392. He forced the Hebrews into hard labour and they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities. The building material was of bricks and mortar. The bricks contained straw initially but subsequently may not have. The Pharaoh decreed the murder of Hebrew boys first by the midwives then by drown


In the Fellowship of the ring at which inn did the hobbits meet strider?

Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring [The Hobbits arrive at the gates of Bree, soaking wet due to the pouring rain. They pause, uncertain how to declare themselves.] Frodo: "Come on." [He knocks on the gates. A small peep hole opens high above them, then slams shut. Another opens, nearer their eye level. An old face peers out against the downpour.] Gatekeeper: "What do you want?" Frodo: "We're heading for the Prancing Pony." Gatekeeper: [opening the gate] "Hobbits! Four hobbits! What business brings you to Bree?" Frodo: "We wish to stay at the inn. Our business is our own." Gatekeeper: "All right young sir, I meant no offence. 'Tis my job to ask question after nightfall. There's talk of strange folk abroad. Can't be too careful." [He ushers them inside.] [The Hobbits make their way up the cobbled path, through the motley crowd which jostles and bumps them.] [One man, a particularly ugly oaf holding a carrot, belches contemptuously over them.] Men of Bree: "Out of the way! Watch where you're walking, young masters!" [Frodo looks up and spots the sign of the Prancing Pony. The four Hobbits enter the Inn. Inside, it is crowded, noisy and poorly-lit. They pull back their hoods. Merry and Pippin breathe sighs of relief.] [Frodo steps up to the bar, which rises far above his head.] Frodo: "Excuse me?" Butterbur (leaning down over the bar): "Good evening, little masters! If you're looking for accommodation we've got some nice, cozy, hobbit-sized rooms available. Mister uh —" Frodo: "— Underhill, my name's Underhill." Butterbur: "Underhill. Yes…" Frodo: "We're friends of Gandalf the Grey. Can you tell him we've arrived?" Butterbur: "Gandalf? Gandalf? Oh yes! I remember: elderly chap, big gray beard, pointy hat… Not seen him for six months." [The hobbits are shocked. They huddle together.] Sam: "What do we do now?" [The hobbits are seated at a table in the tap room of the Prancing Pony. The air is dark and smoke-filled. Drunken men laugh raucously. Several glance suspiciously at the hobbits.] Frodo: "Sam. He'll be here. He'll come." Man: [to Merry coming from the bar] "Get, get out of my way." [Merry sits down at the table. He is holding a huge stein of beer.] Pippin: "What's that?" Merry: "This my friend, is a pint." Pippin: "It comes in pints? I'm getting one." [Pippin rushes to the bar.] Sam: "You had a whole half already!" [Sam turns back to his mug. After a moment, he nudges Frodo and gestures to the corner of the room. A dark cloaked figure sits alone. His face is invisible inside his hood.] Sam: "That fellow's done nothin' but stare at you since we arrived." Frodo: [takes Butterbur aside] "Excuse me, that man in the corner, who is he?" Butterbur: "He's one of them rangers. Dangerous folk they are — wandering the wilds. What his right name is I've never heard, but around here, he's known as Strider." Frodo: "Strider." [Strider lights his pipe. Only the gleam of his eyes can be discerned above the glow of the burning leaf.] [Frodo starts to play with the Ring. It starts to whisper.] The Ring: "Baggins. Baggins. Baggins. Baggins! Baggins!…" Pippin: "Baggins!" [Frodo snaps out of his reverie.] Pippin: [at the bar] "Sure I know a Baggins. He's over there, Frodo Baggins." Pippin: "He's my second cousin, once removed on his mother's side" [listeners laugh, "It works for him!" yells one] "and my third cousin twice removed on his father's side, if you follow me." [Strider sits up, his attention fairly caught. Frodo rushes towards the bar to stop Pippin from babbling further.] Frodo: "Pippin!" [grabs him] [Frodo slips on someone's boot and falls back, tossing the Ring into the air.] [As he catches it, the Ring slips onto Frodo's finger.] [Frodo disappears. Folks gasp in surprise. Strider is alarmed.] [Outside the village, the Black Riders turn around.] [Frodo, now in a shadow world, looks around bewildered.] [He then sees an immense singular orb, a lidless eye, wreathed in flame. The Eye of Sauron stares down at him.] Sauron: "You cannot hide! I see you! There is no life in the


Which is the oldest university in the English speaking world?

Top 10 Oldest Universities in the World: Ancient Colleges List of Smallest Ranked Colleges and Universities Top 10 Oldest Universities in the World: Ancient Colleges Unfortunately, the U.S. will never boast a medieval university, as this country’s origins, established in 1776 with the Declaration of Independence, were formed when the oldest university in the world already was about nine centuries old. If you’re interested, we do have a list of the oldest universities in the U.S. , by accreditation year. The following list of ten oldest universities in the world shows, through their brief histories, a trend: The university as an autonomous self-governing institution first was developed as religious institutions (madrasahs) that originated in the medieval Islamic world. But, Europe did not fall far behind these Islamic developments, as Italy founded its first university approximately two centuries after the first university developed in Morocco. The last university on this list, the University of Padua in Italy, was founded in 1222 — 270 years before Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue in 1492. This list is compiled of extant universities, although a few of them closed for brief periods from the effects of war or local disputes. On the whole, the European universities on this list have expanded their campuses and enjoy high rankings in the world today. The list below is compiled in order of the university’s founding. University of Al-Karaouine : Located in Fes, Morocco, this university originally was a mosque founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri, a woman. It developed into one of the leading universities for natural sciences. It wasn’t until 1957 that the university added mathematics, physics, chemistry and foreign languages. This university is considered the oldest continuously-operating degree-granting university in the world by the Guiness Book of World Records . Al-Azhar University : This university, located in Egypt, is the world’s second oldest surviving degree-granting institute. Founded in 970-972, this university serves as a center for Arabic literature and Sunni Islamic learning. Al-Azhar university concentrates upon a religious syllabus, which pays special attention to the Quranic sciences and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad on the one hand, while also teaching all modern fields of science. Nizamiyya : This series of universities was established by Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk in the eleventh century in what is now present-day Iran. The most celebrated of all the Nizamiyya schools is Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad, established in 1065 in Dhu’l Qa’da and that remains operational in Isfahan. But, this was just one of many Nizamiyyah schools — others were located in Nishapur, Amul, Mosul, Herat, Damascus, and Basra. The Nizamiyya schools served as a model for future universities in the region, and al-Mulk often is seen as responsible for a new era of brilliance which caused his schools to eclipse all other contemporary learning institutions. University of Bologna : This university was the first higher-learning institute established in the Western world in 1088. The term, “university,” was coined at its creation. Located in Bologna, Italy, this university led the Western world in educational innovations until the period between the two World Wars. At that time, leaders called upon the university to forge relationships with institutions in more advanced countries to modernize and re-invigorate its educational philosophies. This university met the call and, today, is considered a leader in the European university system. University of Paris : This university’s exact founding is unclear; however, teaching from this university existed since 1096. The university was reorganized as 13 autonomous universities in 1970. Often referred to as the Sorbonne after the College de Sorbonne (founded about 1257), this institute grew up in the latter part of the twelfth century around Notre Dame Cathedral as a corporation centered on the fields of arts, medicine, law and theology. In 1968 the cultural revolution commonly known as “the French May” resulte


Juliet Mills Biography (1941-) Lynn Milgrim to Rob Morrow Juliet Mills Biography (1941-) Full name, Juliet Maryon Mills; born November 21, 1941, in London, England; daughter of John Mills (an actor) and Mary Hayley Bell (an actress and writer); sister of Hayley Mills (an actress); married Russell Alquist Jr., 1961 (divorced); married Michael Miklenda (an architect; divorced); married Maxwell Caulfield (an actor), 1980; children: (first marriage) Sean Ryan; (second marriage) Melissa. Nationality Freda's baby, In Which We Serve, Rank/Two Cities, 1942 Baby Julie, So Well Remembered, RKO, 1947 Child, The October Man, Eagle-Lion, 1947 Little Polly, The History of Mr. Polly, GFD/Two Cities, 1949 Tansy Carr, No, My Darling Daughter, Zenith, 1961 Catty, Twice round the Daffodils (also known as What a Carry On: Twice around the Daffodils), Anglo Amalgamated Films, 1962 Joanna Jones, Nurse on Wheels (also known as Carry On, Nurse onWheels and What a Carry On: Nurse on Wheels), Anglo Amalgamated Films, 1963 Sally, Carry On Jack (also known as Carry On Venus and Carry On Sailor), Anglo Amalgamated Films, 1964 Hilary Price, The Rare Breed, Universal, 1966 Nurse, Oh, What a Lovely War! Paramount, 1969 Pamela Piggott, Avanti!, United Artists/Mirisch Corporation, 1972 Voice of the girl, Jonathan Livingston Seagull, Paramount, 1973 Jessica Barrett, Beyond the Door (also known as Behind the Door, Che sei?, Beyond the Door, The Devil within Her, and Who?), Film Ventures, 1975 Estefania, El segundo poder, 1976 Mme. Bertrand, Flic ou Voyou (also known as Cop or Hood), Cerito Films/Gaumont International, 1978 Maggy, Canicule (also known as Dog Day), Union Generale Cinematographique, 1983 The Last Straw, Cinema International Canada, 1987 Herself (archive footage), The 1950's: Music, Memories & Milestones, 1988 The defense lawyer, Waxwork II: Lost in Time (also known as Lost in Time and Space Shift: Waxwork II), LIVE Home Video, 1992 Primevals, 1996 Winnie, The Other Sister, Buena Vista, 1999 Also appeared in The Man with the Green Cross, Riata, and The Second Power. Stage Appearances Alice, Alice through the Looking Glass, Chelsea Palace Theatre, London, England, 1955 Pamela Harrington, Five Finger Exercise, Comedy Theatre, London, England, 1958 , later Music Box Theatre, New York City, 1959 Wendy, Peter Pan, Scala Theatre, London, England, 1960 Kitty, The Glad and Sorry Season, Piccadilly Theatre, London, England, 1962 Titania, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Royal Shakespeare Company,Aldwych Theatre, London, England, 1963 Gilda, Alfie, Morosco Theatre, New York City, 1964 The Knack, Los Angeles, CA, 1964 Lady Windermere's Fan, Phoenix Theatre, London, England, 1966 Kate Hardcastle, She Stoops to Conquer, Garrick Theatre, London, England, 1969 Susy Hendrix, Wait until Dark, Alcazar Theatre, San Francisco, CA,1979 Mrs. Kemble, The Elephant Man, Royal Poinsiana Playhouse, Palm Beach, FL, 1980 Catherine Sloper, The Heiress, Nottingham Playhouse, Nottingham, England, 1980 The Cherry Orchard, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1995 The Moliere Comedies, 1995 Time of My Life, 1995 Ruth, Blithe Spirit, Lauren K. Woods Theatre, West Long Branch, NJ, 1997 Dial M for Murder, Cape Playhouse, Cape Cod, MD, 1998 Major Tours The Mousetrap, U.S. cities, 1976 The Cherry Orchard, Canadian cities, 1995 Fallen Angels, 1995 Phoebe Figalilly (Nanny), Nanny and the Professor, ABC, 1970-71 All My Children, ABC, 1985 Tabitha Lenox, Passions, NBC, 1999- Movies Lisa, Wings of Fire (also known as The Cloudburst), NBC, 1967 Herself, Mr. Dickens of London, 1968 Mary McCabe, The Challengers, CBS, 1969 Voice of Nanny, Nanny and the Professor and the Phantom of the Circus, ABC, 1973 Maggie, Letters from Three Lovers, ABC, 1973 "Kiss Me Again, Stranger," Rex Harrison's Short Stories of Love, NBC, 1974 Jennifer, Barnaby and Me, \[Australia\], 1977 Myra, Alexander: The Other Side of Dawn, NBC, 1977 Tinkerbell, The Cracker Factory, ABC, 1979 Eileen Hacker, Columbo: No Time to Die (also known as Columbo and No Time to Die), ABC, 1992 Alice Tanner, Sidney Sheldon's A Stranger in t


Which gas is the principal gas in the atmosphere of Venus?

Venus' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate and Weather Venus' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate and Weather By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | November 16, 2012 06:23pm ET MORE Venus has the distinction of being the hottest planet in the solar system, and the fault lies solely with its atmosphere. What is it about the air on Venus that keeps the planet cooking? False-colour image of cloud features seen on Venus by the Venus Monitoring Camera (VMC) on Venus Express. Credit: ESA/MPS/DLR/IDA Atmospheric makeup The atmosphere of Venus is made up almost completely of carbon dioxide. Nitrogen exists in small doses, as do clouds of sulfuric acid. The air of Venus is so dense that the small traces of nitrogen are four times the amount found on Earth, although nitrogen makes up more than three-fourths of the terrestrial atmosphere. This composition causes a runaway greenhouse effect that heats the planet even hotter than the surface of Mercury, although Venus lies farther from the sun . When the rocky core of Venus formed , it captured much of the gas gravitationally. In addition to warming the planet, the heavy clouds shield it, preventing visible observations of the surface and protecting it from bombardment by all but the largest meteorites. Although Venus and Earth are similar in size , someone standing on the ground on Venus would experience air about 90 times heavier than Earth's atmosphere; pressures are similar to diving 3,000 feet beneath the ocean. Ironically, the most Earth-like atmosphere in the solar system occurs 30 to 40 miles (50 to 60 kilometers) above the surface of Venus. Both oxygen and hydrogen rise above the heavier gas layer covering the ground, and the pressures are similar to our planet. Carbon dioxide: 96 percent


Who was the victorious general at the battle of Cannae in 216 BC.?

Battle of Cannae in the Second Punic War 54,000-87,000 men Battle of Cannae - Background: After the start of the Second Punic War, the Carthaginian general Hannibal boldly crossed the Alps and invaded Italy. Winning battles at Trebia (218 BC) and Lake Trasimene (217 BC), Hannibal defeated armies led by Tiberius Sempronius Longus and Gaius Flaminius Nepos. In the wake of these victories, he moved south plundering the countryside and working to make Rome's allies defect to Carthage's side. Reeling from these defeats, Rome appointed Fabius Maximus to deal with the Carthaginian threat.  Avoiding direct contact with Hannibal's army, Fabius struck at the enemy's supply lines and practiced the form of attritional warfare that later bore his name . Unhappy with this indirect approach, the Senate did not renew Fabius' dictatorial powers when his term ended and command passed to the consuls Gnaeus Servilius Geminus and Marcus Atilius Regulus ( Map ).   In the spring of 216 BC, Hannibal seized the Roman supply depot at Cannae in southeast Italy. Situated on the Apulian Plain, this position allowed Hannibal to keep his men well fed. With Hannibal sitting astride Rome's supply lines, the Roman Senate called for action. Raising an army of eight legions, command was given to the Consuls Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus. The largest army ever assembled by Rome, this force advanced to face the Carthaginians. Marching south, the consuls found the enemy encamped on the left bank of the Aufidus River. As the situation developed, the Romans were hampered by an unwieldy command structure which required the two consuls to alternate command on a daily basis. Battle of Cannae - Preparations: Approaching the Carthaginian camp on July 31, the Romans, with the aggressive Varro in command, defeated a small ambush set by Hannibal's men. Though Varro was emboldened by the minor victory, command passed to the more conservative Paullus the next day. Unwilling to fight the Carthaginians on open ground due to his army's smaller cavalry force, he elected to encamp two-thirds of the army east of the river while establishing a smaller camp on the opposite bank ( Map ). The next day, aware that it would be Varro's turn, Hannibal advanced his army and offered battle hoping the lure the reckless Roman forward.  Assessing the situation, Paullus successfully prevented his compatriot from engaging. Seeing that the Romans were unwilling to fight, Hannibal had his cavalry harass the Roman water-bearers and raid in the vicinity of Varro and Paullus' camps.  Seeking battle on August 2, Varro and Paullus formed up their army for battle with their infantry densely packed in the center and the cavalry on the wings. The Consuls planned to use the infantry to quickly break the Carthaginian lines. Opposite, Hannibal placed his cavalry and most veteran infantry on the wings and his lighter infantry in the center. As the two sides advanced, Hannibal's center moved forward, causing their line to bow in a crescent shape. On the Hannibal's left, his cavalry charged forward and routed the Roman horse ( Map ). Battle of Cannae - Rome Crushed: To the right, Hannibal's cavalry was engaged with that of Rome's allies. Having destroyed their opposite number on the left, the Carthaginian cavalry rode behind the Roman army and assaulted the allied cavalry from the rear. Under attack from two directions, the allied cavalry fled the field. As the infantry began to engage, Hannibal had his center slowly retreat, while ordering the infantry on the wings to hold their position. The tightly packed Roman infantry continued to advance after the retreating Carthaginians, unaware of the trap that was about to be sprung ( Map ). As the Romans were drawn in, Hannibal ordered the infantry on his wings to turn and attack the Roman flanks. This was coupled with a massive assault on the Roman rear by the Carthaginian cavalry, which completely surrounded the Consuls' army. Trapped, the Romans became so compressed that many did not have space to raise their weapons. To speed the victory,


Who became known as the boy General in the American Civil War?

List of important Confederate (or Southern) Civil War Generals Robert E. Lee General Robert E. Lee was the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia and is considered the most successful confederate general. Learn more about Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson General Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson fought brilliantly from First Bull Run to his death at the battle of Chancellorsville from friendly fire. Learn more about Stonewall Jackson J.E.B. Stuart General J.E.B. Stuart was a famous cavalry commander known for his reconnaissance. Read more about Jeb Stuart Nathan Bedford Forrest Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest was an innovative cavalry commander, and was the only General on either side who began as a private. Read more about Nathan Bedford Forrest James Longstreet General James Longstreet led the First Corps of the Army Of Northern Virginia is considered one of the most capable generals on either side. Read more about James Longstreet Braxton Bragg General Braxton Bragg led the Army Of Mississippi and Tennessee from Shiloh to Chattanooga. Read more about Braxton Bragg George Pickett General George Pickett is best remembered for his futile and bloody assault on Cemetery Ridge On Day 3 of the Battle of Gettysburg. Read more about George Pickett Bloody Bill Anderson William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson started life as a brutal killer, leading pro-confederate units on attacks against Union forces. Read more about Bloody Bill Anderson John Mosby John S. Mosby was a Confederate Cavalry Commander known for his speed and elusiveness. Read more about John Mosby P.G.T. Beauregard Pierre Gustave Toutant (PGT) Beauregard was a Confederate General best known for starting the civil war with his attack on Fort Sumter. Read more about P.G.T. Beauregard A.P. Hill A.P. Hill was a confederate General best known for commanding the "Light Division," and fighting ably with his commander Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. Read more about A.P. Hill Kirby Smith Edmund Kirby Smith commanded armies in Tennessee and the Trans-Mississippi Theaters. Read more about Kirby Smith John Bell Hood John Bell Hood (1831-1879) was reputed for his aggressive and bold commands, a reputation which continued in battles despite his physical disabilities. Read more about John Bell Hood Albert Sidney Johnston Albert Sidney Johnston fought and battled in five wars. He was mortally wounded at age 59 during the civil war at the Battle of Shiloh. Read more about Albert Sidney Johnston Barnard Bee Barnard Elliot Bee Jr. died at age 37 in action at First Bull Run and is known for giving the nickname "Stonewall" to Brigadier general Thomas J. Jackson. Read more about Barnard Bee Joseph Johnston General Joseph Johnston was the highest ranking officer to leave the U.S. army to join the Confederacy. He fought in many of the Civil War’s major battles and died of pheumonia. Read more about Joseph Johnston Jubal Early Jubal Anderson Early was known for his aggressive and sometimes reckless style. Read more about Jubal Early Lewis Armistead Lewis Addison was a successful Confederate General who fought and died during Pickett’s Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg. Read more about Lewis Armistead Porter Alexander Edward Porter Alexander was a Brigadier General known for being the first man to use signal flags to send messages using signal flags. Read more about Porter Alexander Richard Ewell Richard Stoddert Ewell led numerous battles during the Civil War, but his failure to capture Cemetery Hill on day one at Gettysburg led to his men and himself to be captured and imprisoned at Richmond. Read more about Richard Ewell John Pemberton List of important Union (or Northern) Civil War Generals Ulysses S. Grant General Ulysses S. Grant led the Union Army during the later years of the civil war, and with his victory at Appomattox Courthouse, effectively ended the civil war. Learn more about Ulysses S. Grant George Mcclellan General George Mcclellan led the Army Of the Potomac during the early years of the civil war. Learn more about George Mcclellan Robert Anderson Starting as a Major


Which fruit native to Malaysia is notorious because of its smell?

Malaysian Fruits - The Best fruits in Malaysia Malaysian Fruits The Best fruits in Malaysia The choices of Malaysian fruits is incredibly varied, with those native to the country and imported varieties serving as popular between-meal snacks. You will find many in supermarkets, but for the cheapest prices and best quality, it is always best to go directly to the source, and local farmers know this. As a result, expect to frequently see make-shift wooden stalls along trunk roads and highways, particularly close to kampong (village) areas of the country. The tropical fruits in this list are available all year round in most supermarkets, but some are seasonal. For example, durian is most easily found during peak dry weather seasons, December to January, and June to September, when there are greater varieties of the fruit available. Read on to find out more about the best fruits in Malaysia. Read More PARKROYAL Serviced Suites Kuala Lumpur 4.6/ 5 MYR 352.14 Most Booked Add to Trip! 0 Durian is called the ‘king of fruits’ by locals and, at first glance,it is not hard to see why this hard-shelled, thorny green fruit earned the name. It does not help that it emits a strong rotting smell– we kid you not! In fact, many tourists are turned off by the prospect of the fruit itself simply because of its prickly outer shell and overwhelmingscent. However once past the thick, inflexible crust, you will find fat golden-brown seeds covered with juicy, creamy flesh that tastes at once rich and sweet. 2 Add to Trip! 0 Just as durian is king of the fruits in Kuala Lumpur, mangosteen is known as its consort and queen. The fruit is divided into three sections: its smooth, tough, thickouter skin is a deep royal purple and is easy to peel once penetrated.Just beneath this surface is the white fruit that is sweet, moist and sometimes a little sour.Past the flesh are the very bitter seeds.It boasts a wealth of health benefits such ashigh antioxidant content, immune-boosting vitamin C, and even anti-inflammatory properties. 3 Add to Trip! 0 The hairy rambutan fruit looks a little strange at first glance. A bright red,medium-sized round fruit with a dense growth of thick black, pale red or green fibres all over, its easy-to-peel outer skin covers an incredibly sweet and juicy white fruit. It takes some skill to peel the skin away from the fruit and seed, (tip – use your fingernails) but once you do, you are rewarded with honey-flavoured flesh that never overwhelms your taste buds. 4 Add to Trip! 0 The golden yellow langsat fruit, which originates in Peninsular Malaysia, is small in size (between two to five centimetres in diameter)and round, with an almost paper-thin shell. Beneath its outer skin is fibrous, translucent flesh that is sweet and sectioned into five distinct parts.Its seeds are very bitter. so be sure not to accidently suck on them. The fruit’s texture is a little sticky and sometimes leaves a viscous gel-like layer on the tongue, but the luscious fruit is certainly hard to forget. 5 Add to Trip! 0 The same genus as the jackfruit, the outer shell of the seasonal cempedak resembles green durian fruit, minus the thick thorns. Once its outer skin is split in half to reveal its inner contents, you will find golden orange fruit that can be eaten raw or cooked. Locals love to dip the striped off fruit flesh in a flour mixture and deep fry it in oil, resulting in a popular crispy tea time treat, while its seeds can be roasted and eaten as snacks. 6 Add to Trip! 0 The light green guava fruit is popular in Malaysia for its hard texture and juicy, briny taste. Locals love the sweet and sour addition of asamboi. Also called ‘jambubatu’, it can be eaten with its outer skin, which has a slightly bitter flavour, or peeled, which gives a fruit that oozes sweet, juicy water. 7 Add to Trip! 0 Often confused with its sister fruit, the guava, the rose apple is a thirst-quenching fruit commonly sweetened by locals with asamboi. Shaped like a pear, its coarse and crispy texture and briny flavour has resulted in a lot of Malaysian hawkers using it as an add


From which country did apricots originate?

Where do Apricots Come From Where do Apricots Come From 29 Jul, 2012 where do 0 Apricots are a stone fruit related to plums, peaches, cherries and almonds. The fruit is known for its yellow/orange color and pleasant flavor. It is often eaten raw, dried, preserved and can also be used in a variety of recipes. The fruit grows on the apricot tree, which is a relatively small tree that can reach 12 m (39 ft) tall. If you have ever wondered where apricots originated from, keep reading to find out. Where do apricots come from? Apricots have been domesticated since ancient times, which makes it hard to determine exactly where they originate from. A relatively common theory is that they originated in Armenia because they have been cultivated in this region for so long. However, other theories suggest that the apricot was first domesticated in China or India around 3000 BC. The spread of the apricot to Europe probably occurred around 100-50 BC and is attributed to the Roman general Lucullus and Alexander the Great. The apricot spread to the Americas via the English and Spanish settlers and today they are grown across the globe. Where are apricots grown today? The largest producer of apricots is Turkey. Other large producers are also located close to this region and include Iran, Uzbekistan, Italy, Algeria. Smaller producers can be found right around the world and apricots are grown on every continent on Earth, apart from Antarctica. Did you know? Each fruit has a single seed (kernel), which is enclosed in a shell (often called a stone). Each of these seeds contain about 0.5 g (0.2 oz) of the poison hydrogen cyanide. Despite this, and the fact that the FDA has warned against their use, they are sometimes used and promoted as an alternative cancer treatment. It is estimated that 50-70 kernels would be enough to kill and adult and just 7-10 could kill a child! Related Articles


In which major film of 2014 did Henry Cavill play the title character?

Henry Cavill - Biography - IMDb Henry Cavill Biography Showing all 128 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (2) | Trade Mark  (3) | Trivia  (41) | Personal Quotes  (67) | Salary  (11) Overview (4) 6' 1" (1.85 m) Mini Bio (2) Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill is a British actor. He was born on the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency in the Channel Islands. His mother, Marianne (Dalgliesh), a housewife, was also born on Jersey, and is of Irish, Scottish, and English ancestry. Henry's father, Colin Richard Cavill, a stockbroker, is of English origin (born in Chester, England). Henry is the second youngest son, with four brothers. He was privately educated at St. Michael's Preparatory School in Saint Saviour, Jersey before attending Stowe School in Buckinghamshire, England. Henry's interest in acting started at an early age with school play renditions of Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream", and Sonny in "Grease". He also starred and directed Hamlet in "40 Minutes". It was at the age of seventeen when Henry was discovered by casting directors at school who were looking for a young boy to play Albert Mondego in The Count of Monte Cristo (2002). He went on to star in Laguna (2001), appear in BBC's "The Inspector Lynley Mysteries", TV film Goodbye, Mr. Chips (2002), and TV series Midsomer Murders (1997). When Henry was twenty years old, he gained starring roles in I Capture the Castle (2003), Red Riding Hood (2006), Hellraiser: Hellworld (2005) (V) Tristan + Isolde (2006). He also had a minor role in Stardust (2007) alongside Sienna Miller and Ben Barnes. During 2007-2010, Henry had a leading role in TV series The Tudors (2007) as Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. The series was a hit and was nominated for a Golden Globe in 2007 and won an Emmy in 2008. Entertainment Weekly named him 'Most Dashing Duke'. He also starred in Blood Creek (2006) and Woody Allen's comedy film Whatever Works (2009). On January 30, 2011, it was announced that Henry Cavill had been cast as the next Superman in Man of Steel (2013), making him the first non-American actor to play Superman. Man of Steel (2013) was directed by Zach Snyder , produced by Christopher Nolan , and scripted by David S. Goyer . His dream role is to play Alexander the Great Likes rugby, but no longer plays due to injuries. Author Stephanie Meyer based the description of Edward Cullen in her Twilight novels on Henry and even lobbied for him to play the role before Robert Pattinson was cast, but was considered too old to play a 17-year old by the time the movie was produced. In 2005, Henry became a young contender for the role of James Bond in Casino Royale (2006), and performed in a final screen test. However, the producers believed Henry was too young for the role, and gave it to Daniel Craig . He also under heavy consideration and auditioned for the role of Superman in Superman Returns (2006), but eventually the role was given to Brandon Routh . Due to all this, Empire Magazine dubbed Henry Cavill "the most unlucky man in Hollywood" in December 2005. Says if he hadn't picked up acting, he would have joined the armed forces to fulfill his "patriotic pride". Has an interest in Ancient History, especially in Egyptology, Greek, and Ancient Rome. In being cast as Superman in Man of Steel (2013), he becomes the third British actor to play the lead role in reboot of a successful screen adaptation of an American comic book series. Before him, Christian Bale was cast as Batman, and Andrew Garfield as Spider-Man. The first non-American actor to play Superman. Is a fan of video games. Lost two roles to Robert Pattinson : Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) and the role of Edward Cullen in Twilight (2008) which author Stephanie Meyer had described him as "Perfect for". His favorite film is Gladiator (2000). His favorite actor is Russell Crowe . He will be playing the son of Crowe's character Jor-El in Man of Steel (2013). Has a knack for languages. He's already fluent in French, has conversational skills in Italian and German, and can order a be


Which theatre stands on Argyll street in London?

London Palladium London Palladium Argyll Street,         London,         W1F 7TF Now playing in London Palladium BOOK TICKETS Why should you visit London Palladium, London? The London Palladium is a 2,286 seat West End theatre located off Oxford Street in the City of Westminster, London. From the roster of stars who have played here and many televised performances, it is arguably the most famous theatre in London and the United Kingdom, especially for musical variety shows.  The London Palladium Building The grade II* listed building dates back to 1910, although the facade (originally that of Argyll House which is why the pub opposite is called The Argyll Arms) dates back to the 19th century. The London Palladium was originally a temporary wooden building called Corinthian Bazaar, which featured an aviary and aimed to attract customers from the recently closed Pantheon Bazaar on Oxford Street. The theatre was rebuilt a year later by Fredrick Hengler, the son of a tightrope walker, as a circus venue that included an aquatic display in a flooded ring. Next it became the National Skating Palace - a skating rink with real ice. However the rink failed and The London Palladium was redesigned by Frank Matcham, a famous theatrical architect who also designed the London Coliseum . The building now carries Heritage Foundation commemorative plaques honouring Lew Grade and Frankie Vaughan. The theatre retains many of its original features and was Grade II* listed by English Heritage in September 1960. The Palladium had its own telephone system so the occupants of boxes could call one another. It also had a revolving stage. The London Palladium History: Pre-war The theatre started out as The Palladium, a premier venue for variety performances. It is especially linked to the Royal Variety Performances, where many were, and still are, held. From 1928 it was managed by George Black and was even a cinema for three months. During the 1930s, the theatre became the regular home for The Crazy Gang. The ‘London’ part of the name was added in 1934. Black controlled the large Moss Empires group of theatres. Responsible for bookings at the London Palladium was Val Parnell. The London Palladium The Val Parnell era Val Parnell took over as Managing Director in 1945. He adopted a controversial, but very successful, policy of presenting high-priced big-name acts. Among many, the list included Judy Garland, Sophie Tucker, Bing Crosby, Danny Kaye, Bob Hope, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis, Jr., Frankie Laine, Johnnie Ray, Petula Clark and Norman Vaughan. From 1955-1967 the theatre was the setting for the top-rated ITV variety show Sunday Night at the London Palladium hosted first by Tommy Trinder, then by Bruce Forsyth. The programme was broadcast live every week by ATV, which was owned by the famous theatrical impresario Lew Grade. Production was by Val Parnell. Val Parnell became associated with a property development company and began to sell Moss Empires' theatres for redevelopment. When it became known in 1966 that this fate awaited the London Palladium, The Victoria Palace and even the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane , Prince Littler organised a take-over to save the theatres and Val Parnell retired to live in France. The new Managing Director of Stoll-Moss was Louis Benjamin, who took on the role while continuing as MD of Pye Records within the ATV Group. In 1968, Sammy Davis, Jr. starred in Golden Boy, the first book musical to be produced in the venue. The London Palladium Post-Parnell In January 1973, glam rock band Slade played a gig in the London Palladium which resulted in the venue's balcony nearly collapsing. In 1976, and released in 1977 Marvin Gaye recorded his live concert on a Double LP Entitled Live at the London Palladium in which is considered Gaye at his finest while recording a live album, it also included his number one hit "Got to Give It Up". During this time, the theatre was under the ownership of the Stoll Moss Theatres Group, and the management of both Margaret and David Locke, who both were major sh


In the words of a music hall song what couldn’t you trust a special like?

My old man said Foller the van / Don't Dilly Dally mp3 midi free download beach motel Sechelt bed breakfast mp3 midi free download beach motel Sechelt bed breakfast My old man said: "Foller the van, And don't dilly-dally on the way". Off went the van wiv me 'ome packed in it. I walked be'ind wiv me old cock linnet. But I dillied and dallied, Dallied and dillied; Lost me way and don't know where to roam. And you can't trust a "Special" Like the old-time copper When you can't find your way home.   I gave a helping hand With the marble wash hand-stand, And straight, we wasn't getting on so bad. All at once, the car-man bloke Had an accident and broke, Well, the nicest bit of china that we had. You'll understand, of course, I was cross about the loss. Same as any other human woman would. But I soon got over that, What with "two out" and a chat, 'Cos it's little things like that what does you good. Refrain: Oh! I'm in such a mess. I don't know the new address - Don't even know the blessed neighbourhood. And I feel as if I might Have to stay out here all night. And that ain't a goin' to do me any good. I don't make no complaint But I'm coming over faint, What I want now's a good substantial feed, And I sort 'o kind 'o feel, If I don't soon have a meal, I shall have to rob the linnet of its seed! Refrain:


For what purpose were Mesopotamian ziggurats built?

Ancient Mesopotamia: The Ziggurat Ancient Mesopotamia: The Ziggurat Wednesday Jan 12, 2011 · 8:26 AM PST 2011/01/12 · 08:26 52 Mesopotamia, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in present-day Iraq, is often considered the cradle of civilization. It was here that civilization, characterized by cities, monumental architecture, and writing, began to develop about 7,000 years ago. One of the characteristic forms of Mesopotamian monumental architecture is the ziggurat. The ziggurat is a Mesopotamian religious monument consisting of a series of stepped mud-brick platforms. The ziggurat evolved out of the platform temples of the Ubaid culture (5000 to 3800 BCE). These platforms were intended to raise the shrine of the god closer to heaven. The White Temple at Uruk (about 3150 BCE) appears to be part of an early predecessor of the ziggurat. Ziggurats first appeared during the Early Dynastic Period  (2900 to 2400 BCE) and are associated with the Sumerian City-States. The typical ziggurat had a rectangular base and built against one of its sides were three ascending staircases forming a T-shape. Mesopotamia was resource poor in that it lacked stones for building. Unlike ancient Egypt, this meant that large buildings had to be built out of mud-brick. Ziggurats were a part of a larger temple complex. This complex included places for slaughtering sacrificial animals, altars for making the offerings to the gods, places where the priests could bathe and purify themselves, dwelling places for the priests, and storehouses for ritual equipment. The oldest surviving ziggurat is the Temple of Sin (Nanna) built by Ur-Nammu at Ur about 2100 BCE. Under the rule of Ur-Nammu, Ur boasted paved roads, tree-lined avenues, schools, poets, scribes, and highly developed art. This ziggurat consists of three platforms of unbaked brick (cased with outer layers of baked brick). The lowest platform covers about 3000 square meters and is about 11 meters high. The other two layers and the temple have eroded away. It is assumed that there was a structure on top which served as a chapel or temple. Ur-Nammu is shown seated in the seal below: The ziggurat at Ur is shown below: Sin (Nanna) is the moon god, seen in Sumerian mythology as the son of Enlil and Ninlil. Sin (Nanna) was the principal god of Ur. He is seen as the lord of fertility as well as the god of the moon. As Ur rose to prominence in the Euphrates Valley, Sin became to be regarded as the head of the pantheon in the area. Sin was portrayed as having a beard of lapis lazuli and riding a winged bull. On cylinder seals, he was portrayed as an old man with a flowing beard and the crescent symbol. Symbolically, he was represented by the number 30 and the moon. The number 30 probably refers to the average number of days in a lunar month. At Nippur, the Semitic rulers razed the earlier temple structures and erected a terrace of bricks about 12 meters high which covered about 32,000 square meters. On this was built a ziggurat with three stages of dry brick faced with kiln-fired bricks laid in bitumen. On the summit of this tower, was placed a small chamber, a special shrine or abode of the god. Access to the stage of the ziggurat from the court was by an inclined plane on the south-east side. The most famous ziggurat is the temple of Etemenanki at Babylon, which is traditionally equated with the Tower of Babel. It is not clear exactly when this ziggurat was first constructed. Nabopolassar threw off Assyrian rule over Babylon in 626 BCE. His son, Nebuchadnezzer II  then made Babylon into one of the wonders of the ancient world. He ordered the complete reconstruction of the imperial groups, including the rebuilding of the Etemenanki ziggurat. On a stele from Babylon, excavated in 1917, the ziggurat of Etemenanki ("House of the Foundation of Heaven on Earth") is depicted as having seven terraces with a temple on top. A cuneiform tablet from Uruk in 229 BCE  (which was a copy of an earlier tablet) describes the ziggurat as having a height of 91 meters (298 feet) and having a square base of 91 meters


Elephant’s ear, leather, cabbage and Worm Brain are all types of what?

Leather Corals, Types of leather corals and pictures of Leather Corals, Beginner aquarium soft corals Sinularia flexibilis Leather Coral Facts    Leather Coral Identification    Like other types of soft corals, Leather Corals are primarily colonial sessile animals, meaning they are anchored firmly to the substrate. They have a surface, a soft membranous matrix, that is covered with polyps. These corals, as well as all the soft corals, are also part of the Subclass Octocorallia known as the Octocorals. These are defined as corals, that for each polyp, has the characteristic eight pinnate tentacles and eight septa used to gather and distribute food to the colony.    The polyps of different Leather Coral varieties can have long or short tentacles, stalks of different lengths, or no stalks at all. When their polyps are extended they can appear fuzzy, yet have a smooth surface when they are retracted. They come in many colors, with hues of yellow, orange, red, olive, rust, and purple being most predominant. Soft Corals for Beginners   Types of Leather Corals       Leather Corals are favored by reef aquarists and also by advance keepers. There are a number of readily available species. Some Leather Corals that can be easily kept include: Flexible Leather Coral - Sinularia flexibilis Long Polyp Leather Coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi Leather Coral Care    Leather Corals are generally very hardy and will thrive in a properly maintained reef aquarium. Most need a moderate to strong water flow and tend to do very well under various types of reef tank fluorescent lighting. Metal halides are not needed. They are also easy to propagate in captivity by simply cutting them into coral frags    They frequently contain the marine algae, zooxanthellae , and therefore do well in bright light. Leather Corals also require currents to help them slough off a milky slime on their surface. They produced this to rid themselves of any algae or other irritants that may be present on the skin. Sometimes they will shrink, and may appear to be dying. This is a natural event where they shed their outer layer and then regrow it. When you see this, they are generally fine and it will just take a little time before they are back to normal.    Leather Corals will sometimes become a surrogate host for clownfish, if there is no host anemone available. However Leathers can be toxic to other sessile tank mates. They don't have a strong sting from their tentacles, but they do emit chemicals to ward off other corals competing for the same space. Provide plenty of room between them and other corals, at least a few inches.    Feeding Leather Corals    Leather Corals that contain zooxanthellae also derive the majority of their nutrition from it. But many will eagerly accept small foods like brine shrimp and plankton. Some may be fed microplankton, this is especially important if the light is not on the higher end. To learn more about Leather Corals see:


The Megalodon is the largest ever known type of which sea creature?

Going to need a bigger boat | 10 of the biggest animals to roam the planet | MNN - Mother Nature Network 10 of the biggest animals to roam the planet By: Katherine Butler on May 20, 2011, 12:25 p.m. 1 of 11 Going to need a bigger boat Humans think of themselves as the most important creatures ever to walk the planet. But when it comes to size, humans are mere peanuts next to ballpark-sized animals. Here's a snapshot — you never know what a paleontologist will dig up — of some of the biggest animals that have walked our planet, present and past. Pictured here is the megalodon, also known as Carcharocles megalodon. This creature was a 52-foot shark with jaws big enough to swallow a rhinoceros. It lived about 25 to 1.5 million years ago. Some believers think it may still lurk in our deepest oceans today, though there is no proof of this. (Text: Katherine Butler) 11 animals on the verge of extinction Going to need a bigger boat Humans think of themselves as the most important creatures ever to walk the planet. But when it comes to size, humans are mere peanuts next to ballpark-sized animals. Here's a snapshot — you never know what a paleontologist will dig up — of some of the biggest animals that have walked our planet, present and past. Pictured here is the megalodon, also known as Carcharocles megalodon. This creature was a 52-foot shark with jaws big enough to swallow a rhinoceros. It lived about 25 to 1.5 million years ago. Some believers think it may still lurk in our deepest oceans today, though there is no proof of this. (Text: Katherine Butler) SPONSORED


Giant squid reach 14 metres. What are their bigger cousins called?

Giant squid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Giant squid This article is about the animal. For the post-metal group, see Giant Squid (band) . Giant squid Steenstrupia Kirk, 1882 The giant squid ( genus : Architeuthis) is a deep-ocean dwelling squid in the family Architeuthidae, represented by as many as eight species . Giant squid can grow to a tremendous size : recent estimates put the maximum size at 13 metres (43 ft) for females and 10 metres (33 ft) for males from caudal fin to the tip of the two long tentacles (second only to the colossal squid at an estimated 14 metres (46 ft), one of the largest living organisms ). The mantle is about 2 metres (6.6 ft) long (more for females, less for males), and the length of the squid excluding its tentacles is about 5 metres (16 ft). There have been claims reported of specimens of up to 20 metres (66 ft), but no animals of such size have been scientifically documented. On September 30, 2004, researchers from the National Science Museum of Japan and the Ogasawara Whale Watching Association took the first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat. [1] Several of the 556 photographs were released a year later. The same team successfully filmed a live giant squid for the first time on December 4, 2006. [2] Contents See also: squid  and cephalopod Like all squid, a giant squid has a mantle (torso), eight arms , and two longer tentacles (the longest known tentacles of any cephalopod). The arms and tentacles account for much of the squid's great length, making giant squid much lighter than their chief predators, sperm whales . Scientifically documented specimens have masses of hundreds, rather than thousands, of kilograms. Tentacular club of Architeuthis The inside surfaces of the arms and tentacles are lined with hundreds of sub-spherical suction cups, 2 to 5 centimetres (0.79 to 2.0 in) in diameter , each mounted on a stalk. The circumference of these suckers is lined with sharp, finely serrated rings of chitin . [3] The perforation of these teeth and the suction of the cups serve to attach the squid to its prey. It is common to find circular scars from the suckers on or close to the head of sperm whales that have attacked giant squid. Each arm and tentacle is divided into three regions — carpus ("wrist"), manus ("hand") and dactylus ("finger"). [4] [5] The carpus has a dense cluster of cups, in six or seven irregular, transverse rows. The manus is broader, close to the end of the arm, and has enlarged suckers in two medial rows. The dactylus is the tip. The bases of all the arms and tentacles are arranged in a circle surrounding the animal's single parrot -like beak, as in other cephalopods. A portion of Sperm Whale skin with giant squid sucker scars. Giant squid have small fins at the rear of the mantle used for locomotion. Like other cephalopods, giant squid are propelled by jet — by pushing water through its mantle cavity through the funnel, in gentle, rhythmic pulses. They can also move quickly by expanding the cavity to fill it with water, then contracting muscles to jet water through the funnel. Giant squid breathe using two large gills inside the mantle cavity. The circulatory system is closed, which is a distinct characteristic of cephalopods. Like other squid, they contain dark ink used to deter predators. Giant squid have a sophisticated nervous system and complex brain , attracting great interest from scientists. They also have the largest eyes of any living creature except perhaps colossal squid — over 30 centimetres (1 ft) in diameter . Large eyes can better detect light (including bioluminescent light), which is scarce in deep water. It is thought the giant squid cannot see in colour, but they can probably discern small differences in tone, which is important in the low light conditions of the deep ocean. [6] Giant squid and some other large squid species maintain neutral buoyancy in seawater through an ammonium chloride solution which flows throughout their body and is lighter than seawater. This differs from the method of floatation used by fish, which


In which Australian state can you find the Derwent river?

Tasmania | history - geography - island and state, Australia | Britannica.com island and state, Australia Alternative Title: Van Diemen’s Land Tasmania Seats in federal House of Representatives 5 (of 150) Australian Eastern Standard Time (GMT + 10) 1Mainland and island areas only; excludes coastal water. Tasmania, formerly Van Diemen’s Land, island state of Australia . It lies about 150 miles (240 km) south of the state of Victoria , from which it is separated by the relatively shallow Bass Strait . Structurally, Tasmania constitutes a southern extension of the Great Dividing Range . The state comprises a main island called Tasmania; Bruny Island , nestling close to the southeastern coast of the main island; King and Flinders islands in Bass Strait; numerous smaller islands off the coast of the main island; and subantarctic Macquarie Island , about 900 miles (1,450 km) to the southeast. The main island is roughly heart-shaped, with a maximum length and width of about 200 miles (320 km), and its latitude and climate are broadly comparable to those of northern California and northwestern Spain. With an area slightly larger than that of Sri Lanka , Tasmania is the smallest of Australia’s states. Hobart is the state capital. Tasmania, Australia. Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia. M. Murphy The state owes its name to the Dutch navigator-explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman , who in 1642 became the first European to discover the island. Until 1856, however, the island was known as Van Diemen’s Land , named for Anthony van Diemen , the governor of the Dutch East Indies who had sent Tasman on his voyage of exploration. The island of Tasmania contains some of the most spectacular mountain, lake, and coastal scenery in the country, and much of its land is protected in national parks and reserves. The state also produces a major portion of Australia’s hydroelectric power and possesses a great diversity of natural resources. Nevertheless, Tasmania has remained among the poorest of Australia’s states, with a steadily decreasing share of the country’s population. Although insularity renders much of its political, economic, and social life distinctive, proximity to Melbourne and air travel make Tasmania less isolated and more cosmopolitan than is often assumed in other Australian states. Area 26,410 square miles (68,401 square km). Population (2011) 495,354. Dove Lake in Cradle Mountain–Lake St. Clair National Park, part of a UNESCO World Heritage … Australian Scenics Storm Bay Most Tasmanian soils are leached, acidic, poorly drained, high in humus, and low in fertility. Least fertile and most extensive are the soils of the west and northeast, especially the moor peats. Fertile areas occur extensively in the northwest and locally elsewhere, notably in the northeast and southeast. Brown earths occupy the drier areas east of the Central Plateau; black earths, the southeast; and alluvial soils, the narrow valley floors to the east. Other fertile soils are those of former swamps in the far northwest and the Bass Strait islands. Climate Tasmania, located in the midlatitude westerly wind belt and dominated by southern maritime air masses, generally enjoys a moist, equable climate, with mild to warm summers, mild winters in most settled areas, and rain during all seasons. However, the southwest has much rugged weather, and the southeast can suffer drought. Collision between tropical air masses—in summer from the continent and in spring and autumn from the eastern Tasmanian coast—and the mountainous surface results in greater climatic variety than in other parts of Australia. Annual precipitation, seasonal moisture deficiencies, and temperatures range widely and irregularly across the state. Average annual precipitation exceeds 100 inches (2,500 mm) on the western ranges and declines eastward to less than 20 inches (510 mm) in some places; along the north coast it exceeds 30 inches (760 mm) in all locations. The seasonal incidence in the north and west is greatest in winter, and in the south and east it is greatest in spring. Summer rainfall may


Which strait separates Taiwan from mainland China?

Taiwan Strait | strait, China Sea | Britannica.com Taiwan Strait Alternative Titles: Formosa Strait, T’ai-wan Hai-hsia, Taiwan Haixia Similar Topics Strait of Gibraltar Taiwan Strait, also called Formosa Strait, Chinese (Wade-Giles romanization) T’ai-wan Hai-hsia or (Pinyin) Taiwan Haixia, arm of the Pacific Ocean , 100 miles (160 km) wide at its narrowest point, lying between the coast of China’s Fukien province and the island of Taiwan (Formosa). The strait extends from southwest to northeast between the South and East China seas. It reaches a depth of about 230 feet (70 m) and contains the Pescadores Islands (which are controlled by the government of Taiwan). The chief ports are Amoy in mainland China and Kao-hsiung on Taiwan. The area lies in a typhoon zone. The strait was named Formosa (“Beautiful”) by Portuguese navigators in the late 16th century; although it is still known in the West by its European name, the Chinese and now most Westerners use the name Taiwan Strait. Learn More in these related articles: in Taiwan: Relief ...Ocean. The island of Taiwan is formed by a fault block trending north-northeast to south-southwest and tilted toward the west. The more gently rising western face of the block borders the shallow Taiwan Strait, under which the continental shelf connects the island to the Chinese mainland. The terraced tablelands and alluvial plains along the western face of the block provide the principal... 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles Assorted Reference relief of Taiwan  (in Taiwan: Relief ) External Links Taiwan Strait - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11) The Taiwan Strait (also called the Formosa Strait) is a narrow body of water that separates the island of Taiwan from the southeastern coast of mainland China. The strait is an arm of the Pacific Ocean. It links the South China Sea, to the southwest, with the East China Sea, to the northeast. Taiwan Strait - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The island of Taiwan is separated from the southeastern coast of mainland China by a narrow body of water known as the Taiwan Strait. The strait is an arm of the Pacific Ocean. It links the South China Sea, to the southwest, with the East China Sea, to the northeast (see China Sea). The strait is also called Formosa ("Beautiful") Strait, a name given to it by Portuguese navigators in the late 16th century. Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: July 20, 1998 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Taiwan-Strait Access Date: January 20, 2017 Share


By which name were the Dardanelles originally known?

Dardanelles facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Dardanelles The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright The Columbia University Press Dardanelles (därdənĕlz´) or Çanakkale Boğazi (chänäk´kälĕ bōäzŭ´), strait, c.40 mi (60 km) long and from 1 to 4 mi (1.6 to 6.4 km) wide, connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara and separating the Gallipoli peninsula of European Turkey from Asian Turkey. It was called the Hellespont in ancient times and was the scene of the legend of Hero and Leander. Its modern name is derived from Dardanus, an ancient Greek city on its Asian shore. Controlling navigation between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits have long been of immense strategic and commercial importance. Ancient Troy prospered at the western entrance to the Hellespont. Xerxes I crossed (c.481 BC) the strait over a bridge of boats, as did Alexander the Great in 334 BC Throughout the existence of the Byzantine and Ottoman empires the Straits were essential to the defense of Constantinople (İstanbul). By 1402 the Dardanelles were under the control of Ottoman Sultan Beyazid I. Muhammad II began (15th cent.) to fortify the passage, which, with brief interruptions, has remained in Turkish hands until the present. Russian expansion along the Black Sea (from the 18th cent.) and the resulting weakening of the Ottoman Empire became of great concern to the Western powers (see Eastern Question ), notably England and France, which from 1841 joined forces to prevent Russia from gaining control over, or special rights in, the Straits. In 1841, England, France, Russia, Austria, and Prussia agreed to close the Straits to all but Turkish warships in peacetime. This convention was formally reaffirmed by the Congress of Paris (1856) at the end of the Crimean War and, theoretically at least, remained in force until World War I. Early in 1915 an Anglo-French fleet, commanded first by Admiral Carden and later by Admiral Sir John de Robeck, sought unsuccessfully to force the Dardanelles and take Constantinople. A second attempt, known as the Gallipoli campaign , was also unsuccessful, but after the final Turkish collapse an Allied fleet passed (Nov., 1918) the Straits and occupied Constantinople. The Treaty of Sèvres (1920) with Turkey internationalized and demilitarized the Straits zone, but it was superseded by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). The zone was restored to Turkey, but was to remain demilitarized; the Straits were to be open to all ships in peacetime and in time of war if Turkey remained neutral; if Turkey was at war, it could not exclude neutral ships. Secretly, however, Turkey soon began to refortify the zone, and in 1936, by the Montreux Convention , it was formally permitted to remilitarize it. Turkey has maintained the right to restrict the access of ships from non-Black Sea states. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. MLA World Encyclopedia © World Encyclopedia 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. Dardanelles (Çanakkale Bogazi) Narrow Strait between the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea , separating Çanakkale (in Asian Turkey ) from Gallipoli (in European Turkey). With the Bosporus Strait, the Dardanelles forms a waterway, whose strategic and commercial importance has been recognized since ancient times (then known as Hellespont). In the Byzantine and Ottoman empires and both World Wars, it was vital to the defence of Constantinople ( Istanbul ). Since the early 14th century it has been almost continuously controlled by Turkey. The strait was the scene of the Gallipoli Campaign in World War I. The Treaty of Sévres (1920) demilitarized the straits, but by 1936 Turkey had remilitarized the zone. Some naval restrictions remain in force. Length: 61km (38 mi). Width: 1.2–6km (0.75–4mi). Cite this article


10 Smallest Countries In Europe - 10 Most Today 10 Smallest Countries In Europe 1 Comment The following is a list of the smallest independent countries in Europe by area, some of which are known as the European microstates (or ministates). A microstate is usually a small independent state that is recognized by larger states. This list does not include, for instance, Northern Cyprus – which is an unrecognized country, or Kosovo which is only partially recognized. The list also doesn’t include Gibraltar which is a British Overseas Territory rather than an independent state 1. Vatican City – 0.44 km2 (0.17 mi2) – The Vatican City State was formally established by the Lateran Treaty of 1929 between the Pope and the government of Mussolini. Located within Rome , the smallest state in Europe has a population of just over 800 people Smallest Countries In Europe: Vatican City, In the heart of Rome   2. Monaco – 2.02 km2 (0.78 mi2) – The Principality of Monaco achieved full independence from France in 1860. It is situated in French Riviera, on the Mediterranean Sea and has a population of around 35,000. Apart then being the second smallest state in Europe (and the world), Monaco is also the most densely populated country in the world Smallest Countries In Europe: Monaco   3. San Marino – 61 km2 (24 mi2) – The republic of San Marino is an enclave within Italy and has a population of around  30,000 people. San Marino proudly claims to be the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world with the continuation of the monastic community that gained independence from the Roman Empire in the September 301! The Fortress of Guaita in San Marino. San Marino is European microstate 4. Liechtenstein – 160 km2 (62 mi2) – The Principality of Liechtenstein is located between Switzerland and Austria and has a population of over 35,000. It is an independent state since the 19th century Vaduz Castle – the palace and official residence of the Prince of Liechtenstein   5. Malta – 316 km2 (122 mi2) – Malta is an  archipelago of 7 islands in the Mediterranean Sea and has a population of under 500,000. Malta gained its independence from the UK in 1964. Valletta is the capital Valletta – the capital of Malta   6. Andorra – 468 km2 (181 mi2) – Located in the Pyrenees between France and Spain, the Principality of Andorra has a population of under 100,000 and has been independent since 1278! The capital of Andorra is Andorra la Vella Andorra la Vella – the capital of Andorra, an European microstate   7. Luxembourg – 2,586 km2 (998 mi2) – Located between Germany, France and Belgium, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has been independent since 1815, when it gained its independence from the French Empire in the Treaty of Paris. Luxembourg has a population of over 500,000. Luxembourg City is the capital and largest city of Luxembourg Luxembourg City – the capital of Luxembourg, an European microstate   8. Cyprus – 9,251 km2 (3,572 mi2) – This island country is located in the Mediterranean and has a population of around 1,000,000. Independent since 1960. Nicosia is the capital and largest city 10 Smallest Countries In Europe: Cyprus 9. Montenegro – 13,812 km2 (5,333 mi2) – The small state of Montenegro has borders with not less than 4 countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Albania and Croatia. It has a population of around 600,000 Bay of Kotor, Montenegro – one of the smallest countries in Europe   10. Iceland – 103,000 km2 (40,000 mi2) – Iceland, “the land of fire and ice” , is another island country . It has a small population of just over 300,000. The capital of Iceland is Reykjavik Reykjavik, Iceland. Iceland is the 10th smallest Country in Europe


Malta and Gozo are two of the main three islands of Malta. What is the third?

Maltese Islands - The Three Islands of Malta, Gozo & Comino Attractions Islands The Maltese archipelago lies virtually at the centre of the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km north of Africa. The archipelago consists of three islands: Malta, Gozo and Comino with a total population of over 400,000 inhabitants occupying an area of 316 square kilometers. Malta is the largest island and the cultural, commercial and administrative centre. Gozo is the second largest island and is more rural, characterised by fishing, tourism, crafts and agriculture. Comino , the smallest of the trio, has one hotel and is largely uninhabited.


What is the nearest state, dependency or principality to the UK not in the EU?

EU or Not? Quiz British overseas territory but part of EU, with some exemptions. Réunion Overseas department of France in Indian Ocean; OMR. Slovenia First of the 'new' members states to join the Euro group. French Polynesia Overseas country of France in the Pacific; OCT. Isle of Man British Crown dependency, free movement only of goods, not services and capital. Sint Maarten Constituent country of the Netherlands and OCT since 2010. Shetland Islands Scottish archipelago and integral part of UK and EU. Guyana Independent country even before the UK joined the EU. Liechtenstein Alpine principality, member of EEA and EFTA but not EU. Faroe Islands Self-governing dependency of Denmark but explicitly outside EU. Clipperton Island Uninhabited island in eastern Pacific that came under direct authority of the minister of Overseas France in 2004 and became EU territory. Romania British overseas territory in the Caribbean; OCT. Ceuta and Melilla Spanish sovereign territories in northern Africa and part of EU with some exemptions. Canary Islands Autonomous community of Spain in Atlantic; OMR. Norway Kingdom in Scandinavia that has voted against EU-membership in referendum twice. French Guiana Overseas department of France in South America; OMR. Åland Islands Autonomous region of Finland, part of EU but with special exemptions. Kosovo Not a member of the EU, although it does use the Euro. Bermuda British overseas territory in the Atlantic; OCT. New Caledonia Special collectivity of France in southwest Pacific; OCT. Greenland Autonomous country of Denmark, part of EU until 1985 but then became OCT after referendum. Saint Martin Overseas collectivity of France and part of EU unlike Dutch part of island. Akrotiri and Dhekelia British sovereign bases on Cyprus that became EU territory with accession of Cyprus. Saba Special municipality of the Netherlands but will remain OCT at least until 2015. Azores Autonomous region of Portugal in the Atlantic; OMR. Monaco Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Isle of Man Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Greenland Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Sint Maarten Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Saba Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Åland Islands Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. New Caledonia Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Kosovo Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Monaco Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Liechtenstein Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Norway Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Switzerland Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Faroe Islands Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Guyana Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Croatia Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Bermuda Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Turks and Caicos Islands Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. French Polynesia Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Gibraltar Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Réunion Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Saint Martin Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Akrotiri and Dhekelia Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Ceuta and Melilla Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. French Guiana Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Clipperton Island Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Romania Principality on the Mediterranean, non-EU member but does use Euro. Slovenia Principality on the Mediterranean, n


Moore Marriot and Graham Moffat made eight films with which comedian?

Anarchy in the UK: The Comic Genius of Will Hay, Moore Marriott, and Graham Moffatt | The Cutting Room | ARTINFO.com Graham Fuller's The Cutting Room January 8, 2013, 2:53 pm Anarchy in the UK: The Comic Genius of Will Hay, Moore Marriott, and Graham Moffatt Comments Hollywood in the 1930s had the Three Zanies – British cinema had its Three Idiots. England’s equivalent of the Marx Brothers (fourth man Zeppo being un-zany) was the team of Will Hay, Moore Marriott, and Graham Moffatt, who appeared together in six classics made by Gainsborough Pictures between 1936 and 1939. Gainsborough may be better remembered for its school of lurid, sexy “Gothic” melodramas (three were released on DVD by Criterion in October), but in the music-hall star Hay and his ill-assorted sidekicks the studio had a fount of comic genius. Though not Dadaist insurrectionists like the Marxes, the Brit Gang of Three similarly mocked authority and disrupted institutions, often from within. Hay, the pince-nez-wearing star, played officious incompetents in leadership roles – schoolmaster, ship’s captain, prison governor, police sergeant, fire chief – whose bumbling efforts were invariably undermined by his shifty assistants, Marriott’s truculent geezer and Moffatt’s insolent “fat boy.” Always out of their depth, Hay’s characters responded to predicaments they couldn’t solve with a sniff, an evasion, or a pulling of rank. Though the films involved physical comedy, they were essentially comedies of manners. This winter, the Tulsa-based DVD distributor VCI Entertainment , which also has on its roster the ribald Brit “Carry On” comedies and those starring the beloved “little man” Norman Wisdom, is issuing three pairs of Hay’s movies, though only half of the trio’s collaborations are represented. Volume 1, already out, features William Beaudine’s “Boys Will Be Boys” (1935) and “Where There’s a Will” (1936, with Moffatt); Volume 2, arriving February 5, features Beaudine’s “Windbag the Sailor” (1936, with both sidekicks) and Charles Varnel’s “Good Morning Boys” (1937, with Moffatt); and Volume 3, arriving February 19, features Varnel’s “Oh! Mr. Porter” (1937) and “Convict 99” (1938), both co-starring Marriott and Moffatt. Varnel also directed Hay, Moffatt, and Marriott in three 1939 films that VCI will hopefully release in the future: “Old Bones of the River,” “Ask a Policeman,” and “Where’s That Fire?” (which was lost until 1975). On the completion of the latter, Hay switched from Gainsborough to Ealing Studios, jettisoning Moffatt and Marriott. His teaming with the irascible American comedy star Edgar Kennedy in Varnel’s “Hey! Hey! USA” was an early indication that he wanted to work with other actors. Hay’s move to Ealing was akin to the Marxes moving from Paramount to MGM after their first five triumphs, culminating in “Duck Soup” (1933). They were never as good again – nor was Hay without the dotard and the youth (who stayed at Ealing to work with Arthur Askey, another music-hall favorite). Though “Windbag the Sailor” – starring Hay as a bragging “mariner” who has only captained a barge – is especially delightful nautical nonsense, the threesome’s masterpiece was “Oh! Mr. Porter.” Here, Hay’s eponymous station master, sent to run a haunted, decrepit Irish branch-line halt, is reliably hindered by the thieving, lazy Albert (Moffatt) and Harbottle (Marriott), whose snapped greeting – “Next train’s gone!” – is one of the greatest British one-liners. Gun-runners complicate the plot and the picture ends with an improbable high-speed journey on a Victorian locomotive. But it’s the interaction between Porter and his terminally frustrating staff that makes the movie a joy: it’s a testament to the way pretentious English middle-management types set themselves up to be punctured over and over again by recalcitrant underlings. There’s a direct path from Hay, Marriott, and Moffatt’s escapades to socially aware landmark UK sitcoms like “Dad’s Army” and “The Office.” When the critic Raymond Durgnat wrote of the Hay persona’s “Dickensian fruitiness and Greeneian seedines