World War I took place mostly on what continent between 1914 and 1918?

World War I :: World War I World War I Length: 1249 words (3.6 double-spaced pages) Rating: Excellent Open Document World War I, also known as the Great War, was a global war which took place primarily in Europe from 1914 to 1918. The immediate cause of the World War I was the June 28, 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb citizen of Austria-Hungary and member of the Black Hand. The retaliation by Austria-Hungary against the monarchy of Serbia activated a series of alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations. Within a month, much of Europe was in a state of open warfare. And World War II or the Second World War was a global military conflict, the joining of what had initially been two separate conflicts. The first began in Asia in 1937 as the Second Sino-Japanese War; the other began in Europe in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland World War I was fought by two major alliances. The Entente Powers initially consisted of France, England, Russia, and their associated empires. Numerous other states joined these allies, most notably Italy in April 1915, and the United States in April 1917. The Central Powers, named because of their central location on the European continent, initially consisted of Germany and Austria-Hungary and their associated empires. The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in October 1914, followed a year later by Bulgaria. By the conclusion of the war; only The Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain and the Scandinavian nations remained officially neutral among the European countries, though many of those provided financial and material support to one side or the other. World War II was also fought by two major alliances, the Allied and Axis power. The AXIS powers consisted of Germany, Italy (changed sides and split in half 1943) Hungary, Romania Bulgaria, Finland (changed sides 1945) Spain was meant to be neutral but they helped Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy and sent troops to fight alongside the Germans in Russia. The major Allied Powers were Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, and China. The fighting of World War I mostly took place along several fronts that broadly encircled the European continent. The Western Front was marked by a system of trenches, breastworks, and fortifications separated by an area known as no man's land. These defenses stretched 475 miles and precipitated a style of fighting known as trench warfare. On the Eastern Front, the vastness of the eastern plains and the limited railroad network prevented the stalemate of the Western Front, though the scale of the conflict was just as large. How to Cite this Page MLA Citation:     Sort By:   The Middle Eastern Front and the Italian Front also saw heavy fighting, while hostilities also occurred at sea, and for the first time, in the air. World War II was a global conflict; it split the majority of the world's nations into opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. It involved the mobilization of over 100 million military personnel, making it the most widespread war in history, erasing the distinction between civil and military resources. This resulted in the complete activation of a nation's economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities for the purposes of the war effort. Over 70 million people, the majority of them civilians, were killed, making it the deadliest conflict in human history. The financial cost of the war is estimated at about a trillion 1944 U.S. dollars worldwide, making it the most costly war in capital as well as lives. WWI was ended by several treaties, most notably the Treaty of Versailles, signed on 28 June 1919, though the Allied powers had an armistice with Germany in place since 11 November 1918. One of the most striking results of the war was a large redrawing of the map of Europe. All of the Central Powers lost territory, and many new nations were created. The German Empire lost its colonial possessions and was saddled with accepting blame for the war, as well as


"Who said ""Pressure, I'll tell you what pressure is. Pressure is a Messerschmidt up your backside. Playing cricket is not""?"

Cricket: 'Nugget' Miller Dies, Aged 84; 'Pressure? I'll Tell You What Pressure Is. Pressure Is a Messerschmitt Up Your Arse, Playing Cricket Is Not Keith Miller, Second World War Fighter Pilot and Australian Test Cricketer Who Died Yesterday - The Birmingham Post (England) | HighBeam Research APA "Cricket: 'Nugget' Miller Dies, Aged 84; 'Pressure? I'll Tell You What Pressure Is. Pressure Is a Messerschmitt Up Your Arse, Playing Cricket Is Not Keith Miller, Second World War Fighter Pilot and Australian Test Cricketer Who Died Yesterday." The Birmingham Post (England). MGN Ltd. 2004. Retrieved January 20, 2017 from HighBeam Research: https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123106966.html Please use HighBeam citations as a starting point only. Not all required citation information is available for every article, and citation requirements change over time. Cricket: 'Nugget' Miller Dies, Aged 84; 'Pressure? I'll Tell You What Pressure Is. Pressure Is a Messerschmitt Up Your Arse, Playing Cricket Is Not Keith Miller, Second World War Fighter Pilot and Australian Test Cricketer Who Died Yesterday Browse back issues of this publication by date October 12, 2004 | Copyright Copyright MGN Ltd. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights or concerns about this content should be directed to Customer Service . Create a link to this page Copy and paste this link tag into your Web page or blog: Cricket: 'Nugget' Miller Dies, Aged 84; 'Pressure? I'll Tell You What Pressure Is. Pressure Is a Messerschmitt Up Your Arse, Playing Cricket Is Not Keith Miller, Second World War Fighter Pilot and Australian Test Cricketer Who Died Yesterday Byline: Alex Lowe Keith Miller, the Australian all-rounder known as 'Nugget' for the way he illuminated cricket in the post-war era, died yesterday after a period of ill-health. He was 84. Dubbed by Neville Cardus as 'the Australian in excelsis', Miller was a dashing batsman, a fearsome bowler and an instinctive fieldsman who played 55 Test matches as one of the most charismatic cricketers of his generation. He was a member of Don Bradman's Invincibles of 1948 and will probably be remembered and revered as much for his attitude to life as for his new-ball partnership with Ray Lindwall. Bob Merriman, chairman of Cricket Australia, said: 'Keith Miller was a genuine legend, a man whose dashing approach helped cricket regain its place in the public affection after the dark years of the Second World War. …


Which country held its bicentennial celebrations in 1976?

1976 Bicentennial - The Bicentennial Celebration 1976 Bicentennial Tweet Compared to many nations of the world, the United States is a rather young country. Nonetheless, Americans take every opportunity to celebrate the birthday of the U.S. each July 4th and when the big anniversaries of the founding of the U.S. come around, it’s reason to pull out all the stops. Such was the case in 1976, when the U.S. was celebrating its Bicentennial – the 200th birthday of America. Originally, the grand Bicentennial of the U.S. was to be primarily centered in one city. Philadelphia or Boston were the logical choices, but after some debate, the Bicentennial Administration decided that one central celebration wasn’t the best idea, instead encouraging big cities and little towns everywhere to do their own thing to mark the 200th birthday of the U.S. And that’s exactly what happened! From coast to coast, everyone brought out the red, white, and blue and decked their streets, homes, and commercial buildings with flags, banners, and all sorts of other patriotic decorations. Parades, picnics, memorial services, and fireworks displays were the chosen fare – especially for the big day – July 4th, 1976. Everyone got into the act and it was a wonderful time of patriotism for a nation who was enjoying a time of peace after the tumultuous Vietnam War and the divisiveness it caused. 1976 Bicentennial Special Events Though there were celebrations literally everywhere, there were a number of notable special events that were organized by the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration commemorating this special year. These included: Operation Sail – This wonderful event included an international fleet of “tall ships” that were gathered in New York Harbor to celebrate the Fourth of July. The grand ships then sailed to Boston, arriving there a week later. Visitors were permitted to board most of the ships, which were fascinating to explore. Royal Visit – Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip of England came to the U.S. in a symbolic visit of friendship to explore many of the cities that played an important roll in the founding of the country. Philadelphia, in homage to its role as the “Cradle of Liberty”, was chosen to host a plethora of major league sporting events in 1976, including the MLB All-Star Game, NBA All-Star Game, NHL All-Star Game, and the NCAA Final Four. The U.S. Department of the Treasury issued a series of Bicentennial currency, specifically, the quarter, half-dollar, and silver dollar. Each had a unique Bicentennial-related design and Americans quickly began collecting them as soon as they were released. The American Freedom Train set forth from Delaware – the first state of the Union – in April 1975 on a 21-month trip across the United States. It traveled more than 25,000 miles and visited all 48 states on the mainland. The tour ended in Miami on Christmas 1976.


"Who wrote the books ""Fourplay"" (published in 2001), ""The Ex Files"" (2003), ""dot.homme"" (2004), ""Second Wives Club"" (2005) and ""Love @ First Site"" (2005)?"

Books by Jane Moore (Author of Fourplay) Books by Jane Moore Average rating 3.47 · 6,986 ratings · 421 reviews · shelved 16,963 times Showing 30 distinct works. 3.55 avg rating — 3,381 ratings — published       2001 — 16 editions Want to Read saving… Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 3.38 avg rating — 877 ratings — published       2005 — 16 editions Want to Read saving… Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 3.38 avg rating — 851 ratings — published       2003 — 22 editions Want to Read saving… Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 3.40 avg rating — 730 ratings — published       2006 — 23 editions Want to Read saving… Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 3.47 avg rating — 347 ratings — published       2009 Want to Read saving… Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 3.44 avg rating — 248 ratings — published       2004 — 6 editions Want to Read saving… Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 3.43 avg rating — 182 ratings — published       2011 — 6 editions Want to Read saving… Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 3.43 avg rating — 173 ratings — published       2008 — 10 editions Want to Read saving… Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating by Imogen Edwards-Jones (Editor/Contributor), Daisy Waugh (Goodreads Author) (Contributor), Emma Darwin (Goodreads Author) (Contributor), Esther Freud (Contributor) 3.01 avg rating — 81 ratings — published       2010 — 6 editions Want to Read saving…


"What was the occupation of the character called Ross Geller in the TV series ""Friends""?"

Ross Geller | Friends Central | Fandom powered by Wikia WE WERE ON A BREAK!!!!!!! ” Ross Eustace Geller, Ph.D. is a fictional character on the popular US television sitcom called Friends (1994–2004). He is portrayed by David Schwimmer . Contents [ show ] Character He was born to Jack and Judy Geller and raised by them on Long Island, New York. He is the older brother of  Monica . When Ross was younger, he dressed up as a woman (with his mother's clothes). He did a song of the following "I am Bea / I drink tea / Won't you dance around with me?". Growing up attended the same high school  as Rachel  (as did Monica) where he eventually developed a crush on her which he kept to himself. He befriended a student named Will Colbert , who was frequently bullied by Rachel. Dealing with the fact that she never seemed to notice his feelings for her in a very immature way, Ross co-founded a "I-Hate-Rachel" Club  with Will. To spite her, the two of them spread a rumour about her that everyone in the entire high school (apart from Rachel herself) heard about, the rumour in question being that she, as Ross put it, "had both male and female reproductive parts" and that, as Will put it, "her parents flipped a coin and decided to raise her as a girl." Ironically, Rachel unknowingly returned the favour in a way after catching Ross making out with Lincoln High School's fifty year old librarian, when she spread a rumour regarding this all over the high school (although Ross apparently didn't know that she'd seen him doing this or that everyone in the high school knew about it until many years later ). After High School, he spent some time during the summer in his grandmother's apartment ( Monica's ) trying to make it as a dancer. In college, he met  Chandler , and they became best friends. Later in life, Ross met and fell in love with Carol Willick . Drifting apart from Rachel over time, he and Carol were happily married until she fell in love with another woman , culminating in their divorce. Personality This section is (partially) copied from Wikipedia . There may be an updated version available. While he is smart, polite, caring, thoughtful and kind, Ross is often clumsy and socially awkward - taking the characteristics of the stereotypical "hot nerd". He is sometimes shown to have a good sense of humor. He is the only member of the group of friends with a doctorate and, as such, can be arrogant. In most cases, his arrogance backfires or gets the best of him. In later seasons, due to his two failed marriages and ruined life, he starts developing breathtaking anger management issues and also shown to easily be irritated, often breaking into angry outbursts over minor things. For example, in The One With Ross's Sandwich , Ross is fired from the museum after yelling at his boss for eating his sandwich. Ross seems to have a childlike need to always be right. Such as in The One Where Heckles Dies , when he finds out that Phoebe doesn't believe in evolution. Shocked by this, he spends the rest of the episode pestering her and trying to get her to believe in evolution. He is angered when Phoebe asks him why he has this need for everyone to always agree with him. He seems to find people irrational if they won't conform to his point-of-view. Ross' childishness was more emphasised and apparent at the beginning of his and Rachel's relationship in which he began spending (if possible) even more time at Monica's apartment and their relationship reverted back to when they were teenagers which in the same episode Monica reveals she hated him during their youth. However this isn't unique to one particular episode and they have at times shown traits of typical sibling relationships even at their adult age throughout the series; rash outbursts, competitiveness and physical confrontations are examples of such. Perhaps the cause of his childlikeness is his parents. As he was the favoured and academically gifted child who received the more credit and praise in comparison to Monica, he can't always be blamed for his sometimes enlarged ego. Also he doesn't resp


The Great Pyramid of Giza was built for King Khufu as a what?

National Geographic: Egypt--Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza   WONDER OF THE WORLD Khufu, son of Snefru and second ruler of the 4th dynasty ( time line ) moved the royal necropolis    to Giza, north of modern-day Cairo. According to ancient Greek historian Herodotus, Khufu (aka Cheops) enslaved his    people to build his pyramid. But archaeologists have since disproved his    account ( see "Who Built the Pyramids?" ). On the Giza Plateau, Khufu's builders oriented his pyramid almost perfectly north. The largest pyramid ever    built, it incorporates about 2.3 million stone blocks, weighing an average of 2.5 to 15 tons each. It is estimated that the workers would have    had to set a block every two and a half minutes. The pyramid has three burial chambers. The first is underground, carved into bedrock. The second, aboveground    chamber was called the queen's chamber by early explorers. We now know it was never intended to house one of Khufu's wives but    perhaps a sacred statue of the king himself. The third is the king's chamber, which held a red granite sarcophagus placed almost    exactly at the center of the pyramid. The king's chamber is accessed via the 26-foot-high (8-meter-high) Grand Gallery, which was sealed off from thieves    by sliding granite blocking systems. The Great Pyramid was the centerpiece of an elaborate complex, which included several small    pyramids, five boat pits, a mortuary temple, a causeway, a valley temple, and many flat-roofed tombs for officials and some    members of the royal family. CLASSIC FACT: Several mystery shafts extend from the king's and queen's chambers. Neither airshafts (they were sealed) nor hallways (they are too narrow), they may have been designed to allow Khufu to travel to the stars in his afterlife. A blocked shaft from the queen's chamber was penetrated in 2002. Archaeologists discovered another stone blocking their way ( read more in National Geographic News ).


"What bird is nicknamed ""man of war"" because it steals food from other birds in the air?"

CHD - Hawaiian-English - topical: birds ʻ  ā   ē   ī   ō   ū   birds 636  A      E      H      I      K      L      M      N      O      P      T      U      W        A ʻā₄ .  n. red-footed booby bird (Sula sula rubripes), brown booby (Sula leucogaster plotus), masked or blue-faced booby (Sula dactylatra personata); all indigenous and also breeding elsewhere. Legendary birds believed to have taken the shape of this bird are ʻā ʻaia , ʻāʻaiʻanuheakāne and ʻāʻaianuinūkeu ; ʻā by some were considered ʻaumākua . See also (Kep. 33) . also ʻaʻa . a.  s. Name of a large sea bird often caught by natives; also called aaianuheakane, feathers white. ʻāʻā₄ .  probable var. of ʻā₄ , booby bird. aa [a-a].  s. See A above. Name of a bird that hunts fish during the day, but flies back to the mountains in the evening. Na ka manu ʻāhaʻihaʻi , kanu lau ʻawa o uka .It was the birds who carried, planting kava leaf in the upland. (song) ahaihai [a-hai-hai].  adj. See above. Ka manu ahaihai kanu awa e, the bird breaking off the awa plants. ʻahuʻula .  n. var. spelling of ʻahu ʻula₁ , feather cloak or cape made of the feathers of the ʻōʻō ... ʻahu ʻula₁ , ʻahuʻula.  n. feather cloak or cape made of the feathers of the ʻōʻō , ʻiʻiwi and other birds, usually red or yellow trimmed with black or green, formerly worn by high chiefs and kings. Today [ca.1957] about 160 have been located in museums and collections of the world, the largest being in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Imitation cloaks of plush, felt, paper, or dyed feathers (rare) are worn today in pageants and by members of Hawaiian societies. lit., royal cloak. ahuula [a-hu-u-la].  s. Ahu, a garment, and ula, red. A red feathered cloak; a cloak made of the feathers of the oo and the red feathers of the iiwi, worn by kings and high chiefs; a gorgeous dress. Laieik. 112. ʻākaha [ ʻā · kaha ].  same as ʻēkaha , bird's-nest fern. [PPN *katafa , bird's nest fern, (asplenium nidus)] akaha [a-ka-ha].  s. Name of a tree. One species has long leaves and grows inland; one species by the sea. It is a hard tree, like the uwea; also called ekaha. ʻakapane [ ʻaka · pane ].  same as ʻapapane , a bird. ʻakēʻakē .  n. Hawaiian storm petrel (Oceanodroma castro cryptoleucura). akeake [a-ke-a-ke].  s. Name of a bird. ʻakekeʻe [ ʻake · keʻe ].  n. a honey creeper (Loxops coccinea caeruleirostris). Usually called ʻākepa in Eng. also ʻōʻūholowai . akekee [a-ke-kee].  s. Name of a little brown bird resembling the wren found on the mountain of Waialeale, on Kauai; it was formerly worshipped by the natives as the god of the mountain. ʻakekeke₁ [ ʻake · keke ].  n. ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres), a winter migrant to Hawaiʻi, occurring in small flocks which rise and wheel together. also keke . akekeke [a-ke-ke-ke].  s. A species of bird. See keke . ʻākepa₁ [ ʻā · kepa ].  n. group of small scarlet or yellow-green Hawaiian honey creepers (Loxops coccinea). see ʻakakane , ʻakekeʻe , ʻakepeuʻie . akepa [a-ke-pa].  s. The name of a bird. ala iki narrow or small path ala iki a kāhuna the small path of priests [a difficult way of life] ala .  n. aisle, as in a supermarket. also alakaha . n. lane, as on a highway or in a bowling alley. ala [a-la].  s. A path; way; road; often alanui, great road; it is used in some places as synonymous with kuamoo; he kahi e hele ai; kuu aku ana keia i ke ala; po oloko i ke ala. Laieik. 62. ʻālaʻa₁ [ ʻā · laʻa ].  n. a large endemic tree (Planchonella spp.) with smooth, oblong leaves, shiny-green above, bronze beneath, the fruit yellow or black, to 5 cm long. The sticky, milky sap was used to trap birds, the wood for spears and ʻōʻō handles. also āulu , ʻēlaʻa . (Neal 668) [PPN *kalaka , a tree (planchonella sp.)] alaa [a-la-a].  s. A kind of tree. ʻalae₁ .  n. mudhen or Hawaiian gallinule (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis), a black wading bird with red frontal plate; cry of this bird is believed a bad omen; some considered the ʻalae an ʻaumakua ; endangered. For the coot, see ʻalae kea . See saying, keʻu . also koki , ʻalae ʻula . [(EO) PPN *kalae , purple swamphen (porphyrio porphyri


Formaggio marcio is notable for containing what?

Who is willing to try the famous Sardinian rotten cheese Casu marzu? [Archive] - The Apricity Forum: A European Cultural Community http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Casu_Marzu_cheese.jpg Casu marzu (also called casu modde, casu cundï¿½du, casu frï¿½zigu in Sardinian language, or in Italian formaggio marcio, "rotten cheese") is a traditional Sardinian sheep milk cheese, notable for containing live insect larvae. It is found almost exclusively in Sardinia, Italy. Derived from Pecorino, casu marzu goes beyond typical fermentation to a stage most would consider decomposition, brought about by the digestive action of the larvae of the cheese fly Piophila casei. These larvae are deliberately introduced to the cheese, promoting an advanced level of fermentation and breaking down of the cheese's fats. The texture of the cheese becomes very soft, with some liquid (called lagrima, from Latin for "tear") seeping out. The larvae themselves appear as translucent white worms, about 8 millimetres (0.3 in) long. When disturbed, the larvae can launch themselves for distances up to 15 centimetres (6 in). Some people clear the larvae from the cheese before consuming while others do not. The cheese, along with one of its Sardinian makers, Giovanni Gabbas, received attention on Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern. Zimmern described the taste of the cheese as "so ammoniated" that "...it scorches your tongue a bit." The cheese is known to leave an aftertaste for a duration of up to several hours Fermentation Casu marzu is created by leaving whole Pecorino cheeses outside with part of the rind removed to allow the eggs of the cheese fly Piophila casei to be laid in the cheese. A female Piophila casei can lay more than five hundred eggs at one time. The eggs hatch and the larvae begin to eat through the cheese.The acid from the maggots' digestive system breaks down the cheese's fats, making the texture of the cheese very soft; by the time it is ready for consumption, a typical casu marzu will contain thousands of these maggots. Consumption Casu marzu is considered to be unsafe to eat by Sardinian aficionados when the maggots in the cheese have died. Because of this, only cheese in which the maggots are still alive is usually eaten, although allowances are made for cheese that has been refrigerated, which can kill the maggots. When the cheese has fermented enough, it is often cut into thin strips and spread on moistened Sardinian flatbread (pane carasau), to be served with a strong red wine. Casu marzu is believed to be an aphrodisiac by Sardinians. Because the larvae in the cheese can launch themselves for distances up to 15 centimetres (6 in) when disturbed, diners hold their hands above the sandwich to prevent the maggots from leaping. Some who eat the cheese prefer not to ingest the maggots. Those who do not wish to do so place the cheese in a sealed paper bag. The maggots, starved for oxygen, writhe and jump in the bag, creating a "pitter-patter" sound. When the sounds subside, the maggots are dead and the cheese can be eaten. Legality Because of European Union food hygiene-health regulations, the cheese was outlawed for a time, and offenders faced heavy fines. However, it remained possible to acquire casu marzu on the black market, where it could sell for double the price of an ordinary block of pecorino cheese. Currently, the EU ban has been circumvented by means of another EU regulation. Casu marzu has been declared a "traditional" food (it has been made in the same manner for more than 25 years, and it is therefore exempt from ordinary food hygiene regulations). The traditional method of making the cheese is explained by an official paper of the local government. A cooperation between sheep farmers and researchers of the University of Sassari developed a hygienic method of production, in 2005, that would allow the legal selling of the cheese. Other regional variations Similar milk cheeses notable for containing living insect larvae are produced in several Italian regions. Marcetto o


"The lyric ""Then I got Mary pregnant and man that's all she wrote, and for my 19th birthday I got a union card and a wedding coat"" is from which song?"

SONGSjtor J (top) Jack and Diane By John Mellencamp . About growing up, the end of childhood innocence, and coming to terms with the realities and responsibilities of adulthood. "...Oh yeah life goes on long after the thrill of livin' is gone ... Hold on to sixteen as long as you can. Changes comin' round real soon make us women and men..." Jack Daniels, If You Please By David Allan Coe . References made to substance abuse, delirium tremens , and using alcohol as a way to cope with pressures. "...Jack Daniels...You can kill the pain that's driving me insane...Cigarettes and whiskey calm my shaking hands..." Jack In The Green By Jethro Tull . From the encyclopedia of the Celts: "Jack in the Green" is known as "The Hidden One". He was a woodland spirit who like the Wild Herdsmen guarded the greenwood. He appears in many kinds of folk art as a multi-foliate head peering through the keaves. " Have you seen the jack in the green? With his long tail hanging down. He sits quietly under every tree ...He wears the colors of the summer soldier, carries the green flag all winter long..." Jackson-Kent Blues By Steve Miller Band . Song is about actual events that occured in Jackson, Mississippi and Kent State University where vietnam war protestors were killed. "...I read the news 'bout the people demonstrating against the president's views. Four were shot down by the National Guard troops...Now we're headed to D.C two by twos..." Jack The Ripper By Motorhead . About infamous serial killer Jack the Ripper who rose to prominence in the 1880's in London , England . "...You'll never see his face of the man in the window. Heart begins to race. He's the one to spring you a surprise. Aaah, the ripper, master of disguise..." Jaguar By Fred Small.  An animal and environmental awareness song. "...The chain saw is whining the bulldozer roars Monkeys are screeching in flight The spires of the Arawak cut down at one blow Where will the jaguar go?..." James Connolly By Traditional Irish. About James Connolly who originally founded the Irish Socialist Republican Party in 1896 and was a significant figure in the reformation of Irish labor laws. He was executed by a firing squad on May 12, 1916. "...He went to his death like a true son of Ireland . The firing party he bravely did face...Gone was the man who loved Ireland so well...When they murdered James Connolly, the Irish rebel..." James Dean By The Eagles. A tribute to the great actor James Dean , the original "rebel" who lived fast and died young. "... You were the low down rebel if there ever was, even if you had no cause...You were too fast to live, too young to die, bye bye." James K. Polk By They Might Be Giants. About our 11th President, James K. Polk , (1845-49). Reference to expansionist policies, annexation of Mexican land, and Manifest Destiny. Janie's Got A Gun By Aerosmith. A girl who was the victim of an incestuous relationship gets revenge by killing her father."...Janie's got a gun. Whole world's come undun. From lookin' straight at the sun. What did her daddy do? What did he put her through? They said that when Janie was arrested they found him underneath a train. But man he had it comin'. Now that Janie's got a gun, things are never gonna be the same..." Janis By Country Joe and the Fish. Song was written about rock star Janis Joplin whom the artist was involved with at the time. "Into my life on waves of electrical sound and flashing light she came. Into my life with the twist of a dial. The wave of her hand and the warmth of her smile..." Jean Genie By David Bowie. Cyrinda Foxe-Tyler (ex-wife of Aerosmith's Steven Tyler) was known as the inspiration for this song, "...A small Jean Genie snuck off to the city Strung out on lasers and slash back plazas...Talking bout Monroe and walking on Snow White New York's a go-go and everything tastes right...She loves him, she loves him but just for a short while She'll scratch in the sand, won't let go his hand...He's outrageous, he screams and he bawls Jean Genie let yourself go!..." Jennifer Lost The War By Offspring . About loss of inn


What measurement has been used for the intensity of earthquakes?

Measuring the Size of an Earthquake Jump to Navigation Measuring the Size of an Earthquake Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that travel through the Earth; they are recorded on instruments called seismographs. Seismographs record a zig-zag trace that shows the varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground motions, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in the world. The time, locations, and magnitude of an earthquake can be determined from the data recorded by seismograph stations. The Richter Scale The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. Adjustments are included for the variation in the distance between the various seismographs and the epicenter of the earthquakes. On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. For example, a magnitude 5.3 might be computed for a moderate earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be rated as magnitude 6.3. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude; as an estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the amount associated with the preceding whole number value. At first, the Richter Scale could be applied only to the records from instruments of identical manufacture. Now, instruments are carefully calibrated with respect to each other. Thus, magnitude can be computed from the record of any calibrated seismograph. Earthquakes with magnitude of about 2.0 or less are usually called microearthquakes; they are not commonly felt by people and are generally recorded only on local seismographs. Events with magnitudes of about 4.5 or greater - there are several thousand such shocks annually - are strong enough to be recorded by sensitive seismographs all over the world. Great earthquakes, such as the 1964 Good Friday earthquake in Alaska, have magnitudes of 8.0 or higher. On the average, one earthquake of such size occurs somewhere in the world each year. The Richter Scale is not commonly used anymore, as it has been replaced by another scale called the moment magnitude scale which is a more accurate measure of the earthquake size. Magnitude Modern seismographic systems precisely amplify  and record ground motion (typically at periods of  between 0.1 and 100 seconds) as a function of time.  This amplification and recording as a function of time  is the source of instrumental amplitude and arrival-time  data on near and distant earthquakes. Although  similar seismographs have existed since the 1890's,  it was only in the 1930's that Charles F. Richter,  a California seismologist, introduced the concept of  earthquake magnitude. His original definition held  only for California earthquakes occurring within  600 km of a particular type of seismograph  (the Woods-Anderson torsion instrument).  His basic idea was quite simple:  by knowing the distance from a seismograph  to an earthquake and observing the maximum signal  amplitude recorded on the seismograph, an empirical  quantitative ranking of the earthquake's inherent size  or strength could be made. Most California earthquakes  occur within the top 16 km of the crust;  to a first approximation, corrections for variations in  earthquake focal depth were, therefore, unnecessary. Richter's original magnitude scale (ML) was then extended  to observations of earthquakes of any distance  and of focal depths ranging between 0 and 700 km.  Because earthquakes excite both body waves, which  travel into and through the Earth, and surface waves,  which are constrained to follow the natural wave guide  of the Earth's uppermost layers, two magnitude scales  evolved - t


Which English King was married to Eleanor of Aquitaine?

BBC - History - Eleanor of Aquitaine z Eleanor of Aquitaine    © Eleanor was one of the most powerful women of the Middle Ages. Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, she would go onto become queen-consort of France and later queen of England. Eleanor was the elder daughter of William, tenth Duke of Aquitaine. The exact date of her birth is unknown, but she was raised in one of Europe's most cultured courts and given an excellent education. She later became an important patron of poets and writers. The death of Eleanor's only brother, and of her father in 1137, left her with a vast inheritance. At just 15-years-old, she had suddenly become the most eligible heiress in Europe. That same year she married Louis, heir to Louis VI of France, who shortly afterwards became king as Louis VII. The couple had two daughters. In 1147, Eleanor accompanied her husband on the Second Crusade, travelling to Constantinople and Jerusalem. The Crusade was a failure and relations between Eleanor and her husband, already poor, deteriorated even further. Eleanor's failure to produce a son contributed considerably to this tension, and in 1152 they were divorced. Two months later Eleanor married Henry of Anjou, who in 1154 became king of England. The couple had five sons and three daughters. For nearly two decades, Eleanor played an active part in the running of Henry's empire, travelling backwards and forwards between their territories in England and France. In 1173 two of Eleanor's sons involved her in a plot against their father, and as a result Henry imprisoned her. After Henry's death in 1189, his eldest son, Richard I, ordered his mother's release. Despite her age (now in her mid-sixties, which was considered elderly in the 12th century) Eleanor became very closely involved in government. In 1190, she acted as regent in England when Richard went to join the Third Crusade. She even played her part in negotiations for his release after he was taken prisoner in Germany on his way home. In 1199, Richard died and was succeeded by Eleanor and Henry's youngest son, John. Eleanor's role in English affairs now ceased, although she continued to be closely involved in those of Aquitaine, where she spent her final years. She died on 31 March 1204 and was buried in the abbey church at Fontevrault next to Henry II.


"Who created the work ""A Thousand Years"", consisting of a cow's head, maggots and an insect electrocutor?"

Damien Hirst | Damein Hirst at the Ken C. Arnold Art Collect… | Flickr Awards Turner Prize   Damien Steven Hirst[1] (born 7 June 1965) is an English artist and the most prominent[2] member of the group known as "Young British Artists" (or YBAs), who dominated the art scene in Britain during the 1990s.[3] He is internationally renowned,[4] and has been claimed to be the richest living artist to date.[5] During the 1990s his career was closely linked with the collector Charles Saatchi, but increasing frictions came to a head in 2003 and the relationship ended.[6]   Death is a central theme in Hirst's works.[7][8] He became famous for a series of artworks in which dead animals (including a shark, a sheep and a cow) are preserved—sometimes having been dissected—in formaldehyde. The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, a 14-foot (4.3 m) tiger shark immersed in formaldehyde in a vitrine became the iconic work of British art in the 1990s,[9] and the symbol of Britart worldwide.[10] He has also made "spin paintings," created on a spinning circular surface, and "spot paintings", which are rows of randomly-colored circles.   In September 2008, he took an unprecedented move for a living artist[11] by selling a complete show, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby's by auction and by-passing his long-standing galleries.[12] The auction exceeded all predictions, raising £111 million ($198 million), breaking the record for a one-artist auction[13] as well as Hirst's own record with £10.3 million for The Golden Calf, an animal with 18-carat gold horns and hooves, preserved in formaldehyde.[12]   [edit] Early life   Hirst studied at Goldsmiths, University of London.Damien Hirst was born in Bristol and grew up in Leeds. His father was a motor mechanic, who left the family when Hirst was 12.[14] His mother, Mary, was a lapsed Catholic, who worked for the Citizens Advice Bureau and says she lost control of him when he was young.[14] He was arrested on two occasions for shoplifting.[14] However, Hirst sees her as someone who would not tolerate rebellion: she cut up his bondage trousers and heated one of his Sex Pistols vinyl records on the cooker to turn it into a fruit bowl[15] (or a plant pot[16]). He says, "If she didn't like how I was dressed, she would quickly take me away from the bus stop." She did, though, encourage his liking for drawing, which was his only successful educational subject.[15]   His art teacher "pleaded"[15] for Hirst to be allowed to enter the sixth form,[15] where he took two A-levels, achieving an "E" grade in art.[14] He was refused admission to Leeds College of Art and Design, when he first applied, but attended the college after a subsequent successful application.[14]    Michael Craig-Martin. An Oak Tree, 1973He went to an exhibition of work by Francis Davison, staged by Julian Spalding at the Hayward Gallery in 1983.[17] Davison created abstract collages from torn and cut coloured paper, which Hirst said, "blew me away", and which he modelled his own work on for the next two years.[17]   He worked for two years on London building sites, then studied Fine Art at Goldsmiths, University of London[14] (1986–89), although again he was refused a place the first time he applied. In 2007, Hirst was quoted as saying of An Oak Tree by Goldsmiths' senior tutor, Michael Craig-Martin: "That piece is, I think, the greatest piece of conceptual sculpture. I still can't get it out of my head."[18] While a student, Hirst had a placement at a mortuary, an experience that influenced his later themes and materials.   [edit] Breakthrough In July 1988 in his second year at Goldsmiths College, Hirst was the main organiser of an independent student exhibition, Freeze, in a disused London Port Authority administrative block in London's Docklands. He gained sponsorship from the London Docklands Development Corporation. The show was visited by Charles Saatchi, Norman Rosenthal and (Sir) Nicholas Serota, thanks to the influence of his Goldsmiths' lecturer Michael Craig-Martin. Hirst's own contribution to


What is an insincere expression of sorrow?

'Crocodile tears' - the meaning and origin of this phrase Crocodile tears To weep crocodile tears is to put on an insincere show of sorrow. Origin The allusion is to the ancient notion that crocodiles weep while devouring their prey. Crocodiles do indeed have lachrymal glands and produce tears to lubricate the eyes as humans do. They don't cry with emotion though. Whatever experience they have when devouring prey we can be certain it isn't remorse. There are reports of references in French that date the belief back to 1230, although I've not been able to confirm those. The myth appeared in print in The Voyage and Travail of Sir John Maundeville, circa 1400: "In that contre ... ben gret plentee of Cokadrilles ... Theise Serpentes slen men, and thei eten hem wepynge." (In that country - there are many crocodiles - These serpents slay men, and then, weeping, eat them) All of the very early citations refer directly to the myth of crocodiles weeping. It isn't until the 16th century that we find 'crocodile tears' used with our current meaning. Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of York and of Canterbury was the first to use the phrase with the implication of insincerity, in 1563, (re-published in Strype's Life of Grindal, 1711): "I begin to fear, lest his humility ... be a counterfeit humility, and his tears crocodile tears."


"The ""Byzantine Empire"" is the term used since the 19th century to describe the Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centred on its capital, where?"

Byzantine Empire - OrthodoxWiki Byzantine Empire Jump to: navigation , search This article or section needs a cleanup to bring it to a higher standard of quality. Recommendation: More detailed comments may be noted on the talk page . You can help OrthodoxWiki by editing it , especially to conform to the Style Manual and the suggestions in How to write a great article . Byzantine Empire (native Greek name: Βασιλεία τῶν Ρωμαίων - Basileia tōn Rōmaiōn, latin: Imperium Romanum) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. In certain specific contexts, usually referring to the time before the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it is also often referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire. To its inhabitants the Empire was simply the Roman Empire and its emperors continued the unbroken succession of Roman emperors. During much of its history it was known to many of its Western contemporaries as The Empire of the Greeks due to the increasing dominance of its Greek population and distinct culture. Today most scholars acknowledge that the Byzantine Empire was the direct continuation of the Hellenistic World . There is no consensus on the starting date of the Byzantine period. Some place it during the reign of Diocletian (284–305) due to the administrative reforms he introduced, dividing the empire into a pars Orientis and a pars Occidentis. Some consider Constantine I its founder. Others place it during the reign of Theodosius I (379–395) and Christendom's victory over pagan Roman religion, or, following his death in 395, with the division of the empire into western and eastern halves. Others place it yet further in 476, when the last western emperor, Romulus Augustus, was forced to abdicate, thus leaving sole imperial authority to the emperor in the Greek East. Others again point to the reorganisation of the empire in the time of Heraclius (ca. 620) when Greek was made the official language. In any case, the changeover was gradual and by 330, when Constantine inaugurated his new capital, the process of further Hellenization and increasing Christianization was already under way. Contents 4 External links Religion The Byzantine Empire had a major influence upon Orthodox Christianity . This was embodied in the Byzantine version of Christianity, which spread Orthodoxy and eventually led to the creation of the " Byzantine commonwealth " (a term coined by 20th-century historians) throughout Eastern Europe. Early Byzantine missionary work spread Orthodox Christianity to various Slavic peoples, where it still is a predominant religion. Such modern-day countries are Bulgaria, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, Romania, and Ukraine; of course, it has also remained the official religion of the Greeks via the uninterrupted continuity of the Greek Orthodox Church . Less well known is the influence of the Byzantine religious sensibility on the millions of Christians in Ethiopia, the Coptic Christians of Egypt, and the Christians of Armenia, though they all belong to the Oriental Orthodox (as opposed to the Byzantine Eastern Orthodox ) faith. Robert Byron, one of the first 20th century Philhellenes, argued that the greatness of Byzantium lay in what he described as "the Triple Fusion": that of a Roman body, a Greek mind and an oriental, mystical soul. Art, architecture, and literature Byzantine Art and Byzantine Architecture were largely based around the Christian story and its heralds, and the importance of icons in Orthodox society. In terms of architecture, Byzantines emphasized the Dome, the arch and the Grecian cross lay out. It is evidenced today in countless examples of old Byzantine Churches with their traditional mosaics depicting Saints and figures from the Bible. Its impact was such that it spawned a Neo-Byzantine architectural revival in later years. Byzantine Art was also important in this respect, its impact on Orthodoxy can be witnessed across southeast Europe, Russia, the Holy Land a


"""Well you can tell by the way I use my walk, I'm a woman's man, no time to talk"" are lyrics from which song by the Bee Gees?"

BEE GEES LYRICS - Stayin' Alive BEE GEES LYRICS Well, you can tell by the way I use my walk, I'm a woman's man: no time to talk. Music loud and women warm, I've been kicked around Since I was born. And now it's all right. It's OK. And you may look the other way. We can try to understand The New York Times' effect on man. Whether you're a brother or whether you're a mother, You're stayin' alive, stayin' alive. Feel the city breakin' and everybody shakin', And we're stayin' alive, stayin' alive. Ah, ha, ha, ha, stayin' alive, stayin' alive. Ah, ha, ha, ha, stayin' alive. Well now, I get low and I get high, And if I can't get either, I really try. Got the wings of heaven on my shoes. I'm a dancin' man and I just can't lose. You know it's all right. It's OK. I'll live to see another day. We can try to understand The New York Times' effect on man. Whether you're a brother or whether you're a mother, You're stayin' alive, stayin' alive. Feel the city breakin' and everybody shakin', And we're stayin' alive, stayin' alive. Ah, ha, ha, ha, stayin' alive, stayin' alive. Ah, ha, ha, ha, stayin' alive. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me. Somebody help me, yeah. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me, yeah. Stayin' alive. Well, you can tell by the way I use my walk, I'm a woman's man: no time to talk. Music loud and women warm, I've been kicked around since I was born. And now it's all right. It's OK. And you may look the other way. We can try to understand The New York Times' effect on man. Whether you're a brother or whether you're a mother, You're stayin' alive, stayin' alive. Feel the city breakin' and everybody shakin', And we're stayin' alive, stayin' alive. Ah, ha, ha, ha, stayin' alive, stayin' alive. Ah, ha, ha, ha, stayin' alive. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me. Somebody help me, yeah. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me, yeah. I'm stayin' alive. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me. Somebody help me, yeah. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me, yeah. I'm stayin' alive. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me. Somebody help me, yeah. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me, yeah. I'm stayin' alive. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me. Somebody help me, yeah. Life goin' nowhere. Somebody help me, yeah. I'm stayin' alive. Visit www.azlyrics.com for these lyrics. Thanks to nano estremera for correcting these lyrics.


Anthony Wilding is the only New Zealander in what sport's Hall of Fame?

Anthony Wilding Anthony Wilding 11-time major champion and 4-time finalist   Bronze Medal in Men’s Indoor Singles at the 1912 Stockholm Olympic Games   Member of the Australasian Davis Cup Team 1905-1909, 1914 Member of the Australasian Championship Davis Cup Team 1907-1909, 1914 Overall Record 21-9 Singles Record 15-6 Doubles Record 6-3 Citizenship: NZL Born: October 31, 1883        in Christchurch, New Zealand Died: May 9, 1915 Played: Right-handed Both World Wars tragically ended the lives of members of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, and interrupted burgeoning careers of many others who returned from duty. Wilding was one of the game’s brightest stars, a four-time Wimbledon champion (1910-13) and two-time titlist at the Australian Championships (1906, 1909). Athletic, handsome – some referred the 6-foot-2 Wilding as being debonair – the New Zealander was physically fit and regarded as a fair and honest sportsman. He played tennis in concert with the era – a baseliner who hit balls with precision, control, power and accuracy. While his game looked similar to his counterparts, it was vastly different because Wilding could execute those shots better than most. He began playing competitive tournament tennis at age 17 in 1901, winning the Canterbury Championships over Richard Harman, 2–6, 8–6, 3–6, 6–0, 6–3. Three years later he made his Wimbledon debut, but it wasn’t until six years later that he was able to hoist the trophy. In the All-Comers draw had a rousing comeback five-setter victory over American Beals Wright, 4-6, 4-6, 6-3, 6-2, 6-3, and in the Challenge Round he took out Brit Arthur Gore, 6-4, 7-5, 4-6, 6-2 becoming the first and only New Zealander to win a Wimbledon championship. In 1911 British opponent Herbert Roper Barrett retired after the fourth set and the match tied 2-2; in 1912 Wilding defeated Gore in a tight match, 6-4, 6-4, 4-6, 6-4; and in 1913 Wilding played his finest Wimbledon Gentleman Singles final in defeating American Maurice McLoughlin, known as the “California Comet,” 8-6, 6-3, 10-8. Wilding’s bid to win a fifth straight Wimbledon was stymied by doubles partner Norman Brookes in 1915, 6-4, 6-4, 7-5. In the midst of his Wimbledon dominance in 1913, Wilding won world titles on clay (World Hard Court Championships), grass (World Lawn Tennis Championships) and wood (World Covered Court Championship), and was thought invincible, though Brookes did find a flaw one year later. While the era’s record keeping has several sources, none of which have total verification, it’s been chronicled that Wilding ranks as the leader, or at the very least among the all-time record holders, in clay court victories (75) and singles titles won in a season (23 in 1906), among major statistical categories. When Wilding focused on doubles, he and Brookes in particular were a superb team. They captured Wimbledon Gentleman doubles titles in 1907 and 1914, while Wilding won the 1908 and 1910 titles with Brit Josiah Ritchie. Wilding and Brookes were teammates on the Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) Davis Cup team, leading to victories in the 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1914 championships over the United States each time. They won a huge five-setter match in 1908 over Americans Fred Alexander and Wright, 6-3, 6-2, 5-7, 2-6, 6-4; a three setter over Melville Long and McLoughlin in 1909, 12-10, 9-7, 6-3; and a 6-3, 8-6, 9-7 triumph over Thomas Bundy and McLoughlin in 1914. In 1906 and 1909, Wilding impressively won the Australian Championships in singles action. His first title came over fellow New Zealander Francis Fisher, 6-0, 6-4, 6-4, and his second over Aussie Ernest Parker, 6-1, 7-5, 6-2. Wilding missed playing in the 1908 Olympics Games in London due to what was called an “administrative bungling,” but returned to compete at the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, winning a Bronze Medal in the men’s indoor singles. At the start of World War I, Tony Wilding joined the Royal Marines and served as a Captain with the Royal Naval Armoured Car Division in the battlefields of France. On May 9, 1915, during the Battle


"In the twelve years since it began on 4 September 1998, how many contestants in the UK version of ""Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?"" won 1,000,000?"

News Archive - UKGameshows News Archive Old news stories are archived here. See the main page for the latest news. Contents 2016 16 September You're Hired in the Firing Line Mr. Gilbert Rhod Gilbert has been announced as the new host of The Apprentice spin-off programme You're Fired! after Jack Dee fired himself from the BBC2 vehicle after only one series. Romesh Ranganathan, who was a regular panellist in the last series will not return due to scheduling conflicts. 13 September We've had the most amazing time on Bake Off Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins have announced that they will not follow The Great British Bake Off to Channel 4. They will step down as hosts after the current series on the BBC. Mel and Sue said in a statement: "We made no secret of our desire for the show to remain where it was... we're not going with the dough." 12 September Bake Off Off The BBC has lost the rights to show The Great British Bake Off after the current series and Christmas specials. The exceedingly popular show will move to Channel 4, after Love Productions turned down the BBC's final offer. It's not immediately clear if any of its stars will leave. 22 August BLANK Me One More Time More information about the Blankety Blank revival has been revealed as David Walliams will host a Christmas special of the cult game show. According to the Daily Mirror, the Christmas special will be a trial for a full series, which is quite similar to how the Lily Savage era went. 19 August Deal Me Out Channel 4 announced today that Deal or No Deal has been axed after being on the screens for 11 years and airing over 3,000 episodes. The final series will air in autumn 2016. 15 August ReBLANKED A piece in the Sunday People claimed that ITV wanted to make another series of Blankety Blank . We've not been able to confirm that ITV has commissioned a series, as the broadcaster has not commented on the speculation. 1 June Meet the new judges, same as the old judges Louis Walsh ! Sharon Osbourne! Simon Cowell ! Nicole Scherzinger! The judging panel for The X Factor has been announced, and the names have bags of experience. With Dermot O'Leary back as host, this year's show takes us back to the glory days of 2013, and with no Gary Barlow. 5 May CJ de Mooi on the move again CJ de Mooi will leave the Eggheads panel and move to South Africa. CJ, one of the original Eggheads, left the programme between 2012 and 2014. He will be replaced by two new Eggheads who will be found in a televised quiz. 6 April Coach Trip Rolls onto E4 Coach Trip is heading for a new destination by moving to E4. The series which sees tour guide Brendan Sheerin overseeing a couples tour of Europe, with the least popular couple voted off at the end of each day, has aired on and off for 11 years on Channel 4. The new series will consist of thirty half-hour episodes, and will air later in the year. 5 April Cheryl has The Exit Factor Cheryl Fernandez-Versini has quit The X Factor . The singer first appeared as a judge between 2008-10, before returning for the 2014-5 series. The former Popstars: The Rivals contestant has chosen to leave to focus on her music career. To date, no judges have been confirmed for the upcoming series, which begins airing this summer. 31 March It's goodbye from him. The other half of "The Two Ronnies" Ronnie Corbett died today at the age of 85. In the game show world, he is well known for hosting Small Talk . 30 March Vernon drives to success Next week, Vernon Kay will host Drive on ITV. He's now the second most prolific game show host in the UK with 16 main hosting roles. Vernon moves clear of the late Bob Monkhouse , who is now in third place with 15 shows. Davina McCall remains the current leader, she's fronted 17 programmes. 29 March Your Saturday Night Starts Right Here! Dermot O'Leary is returning to host The X Factor . The announcement was made almost a year after he left the programme. The 2015 series was helmed by Caroline Flack and Olly Murs and saw mixed reviews and falling ratings. The new series, which will also see the return of the room auditions, will begin in


Which professional surfer who died on 2 November 2010, the only surfer to have won a title at every venue on the ASP calendar, had won 3 world titles (2002, 2003, 2004) and as recently as 3 September 2010 had won the Billabong Pro in Tahiti?

Andy Irons, American professional surfer died he was , 32 | Kterrl's Video Favorites kterrls Video Favorites Andy Irons, American professional surfer died he was , 32 Philip Andrew Irons  was a professional surfer . Irons learned to surf on the dangerous and shallow reefs of the North Shore in Oahu, Hawaii . Over the course of his professional career, he won three world titles (2002, 2003, 2004), three Quiksilver Pro France titles (2003, 2004, 2005), two Rip Curl Pro Search titles (2006 and 2007) and 20 elite tour victories including the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing four times from 2002-2006. [3] On September 3, 2010 he won the Billabong Pro in Tahiti. He and his family hosted the Annual Irons Brothers Pinetrees Classic, a contest for youngsters. The Governor of Hawaii declared February 13 forever “Andy Irons Day”. He is the only surfer to have won a title at every venue on the ASP calendar. [4] (July 24, 1978 – November 2, 2010) Career His younger brother, Bruce Irons , is a former competitor on the World Championship Tour of Surfing  (WCT) . During his childhood Andy regularly lost to Bruce in contests, but that changed once he entered the World Championship Tour. http://www.youtube.com/v/En2VYmHSFbY?fs=1&hl=en_US In 2009, Irons withdrew from doing the full ASP World Tour season for personal reasons, though he did participate in a few events. He requested a wildcard entry for the 2010 ASP World Tour season, which was granted by ASP President Wayne Bartholomew. As a result, Irons did not have to re-qualify in 2010 via the World Qualifying Series (WQS). Irons won the Billabong Pro Tahiti 2010. [5] He was inducted into the Surfing Walk of Fame in Huntington Beach, California in 2008. [6] Billabong produced an “Andy Irons” line of board shorts. Death Irons died on November 2, 2010; according to The Association of Surfing Professionals, “he had reportedly been battling with dengue fever , a viral disease.” [7] It is believed that this may be linked to his death. Professor Robert Booy, an infectious disease academic, however, was suspicious of this, saying that dengue fever deaths are rare. [8] Investigators have ruled out foul play as a cause but are currently waiting on toxicology reports. [8] He was found lying in bed on his back with the sheets pulled up to his chin, by two hotel staff after he had failed to respond to knock on the door and they went in to investigate. In response to Irons’s death, a World Championship Tour event in Puerto Rico was postponed for two days with competitors holding a “paddle out” memorial service for Irons. [8] Irons had withdrawn from the event citing ill health and was flying back to his home in Hawaii before dying during a stopover in Dallas, Texas . [8] He had reportedly stopped in Miami after leaving Puerto Rico and early reports said he was put on a saline drip. Later reports suggest he went to South Beach to party. [9] He was reported to have been vomiting on the Hawaii bound plane before being removed prior to take-off. [10] In the days immediately following his death it was reported that, in Dallas, an extremely ill Irons had attempted to board his connecting flight to Honolulu at 11:30 a.m. but was turned away at an American Airlines gate— a claim the company denies. [9] Local officials said the cause of death was not immediately known but Hawaii’s Star Advertiser reported that his death was being investigated as a possible overdose of methadone , citing information provided by the Tarrant County Medical Examiner’s Office. [11] Irons was diagnosed at one point with sleep apnea. A toxicologist said combining methadone with that condition could be risky. According to the official police report Alprazolam and Zolpidem were found in Irons’ hotel room. Despite many rumors that methadone was also found in his room, the official police report does not confirm that theory. [8] A memorial service was held November 14 in Hanalei Bay , Kauai . His wife Lyndie and brother Bruce, scattered his ashes outside Hanalei Bay where thousands of family, friends and admirers said the


How many different people were Prime Minister of New Zealand in the first 100 years after it became a Dominion in 1907?

Timeline - Australia's Prime Ministers AUSTRALIA'S PRIME MINISTERS 01 Jan 1901 1st Prime Minister and 1st Governor-General Lord Hopetoun became the first Governor-General and Edmund Barton the first Prime Minister. Both were sworn in at the ceremony inaugurating the Commonwealth of Australia. Edmund Barton 29 Mar 1901 1st federal elections Voters elected 75 members to the House of Representatives. Voters in the six states elected 36 representatives to the first Senate. This was the only federal election to take place on two days, 29 and 30 March. Edmund Barton 09 May 1901 Parliament House for a day The grand opening of parliament in Melbourne's Exhibition Building in the morning, was followed by the first sitting of the House of Representatives and the Senate in their borrowed home, Victoria's Parliament House. Edmund Barton 10 May 1901 Parliament sits in Melbourne Parliament House The first meeting of the Australian parliament took place in the Melbourne Exhibition Building on 9 May 1901. By the next day, parliament had moved to its new home for the next 26 years, the Melbourne Parliament House. Edmund Barton 03 Sep 1901 An Australian flag chosen A huge flag showing the winning design of Union Jack and Southern Cross on a blue background was unfurled over the Exhibition Building, Melbourne. The same design on a red background was used for merchant ships. It was many years before the blue flag officially replaced the British Union Jack for all other uses. Edmund Barton 23 Dec 1901 Dictating a 'White Australia' The enactment of the Immigration Restriction Act meant a dictation test became an effective way of excluding people from Australia. It enabled the government to create a predominantly European population. The 'White Australia' policy was finally dismantled in 1966 by the Holt government. Edmund Barton 31 May 1902 Boer War ends From 1899 when the war in South Africa broke out, troops from the Australian colonies had been sent to fight for Britain against the Afrikaners (former Dutch colonists). Despite the passionate arguments of Leader of the Opposition GH Reid, parliament agreed to send Commonwealth troops. They arrived shortly before the surrender of the Boer army. Edmund Barton 09 Aug 1902 Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra When Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901, her son Edward acceded to the throne. Prime Minister Edmund Barton led the Australian representation at the coronation in Westminster Abbey the following year. Edmund Barton 03 Nov 1902 The empire cable Postmaster-General James Drake opened the submarine telegraph cable from Vancouver, Canada to Southport, Queensland. This completed an all-British link thirty years after a London to Darwin cable was connected to South Australia’s overland telegraph line. The telegraph cable circling the globe enabled information to be sent by Morse code in ‘dot-dash’ electrical signals. Edmund Barton 09 Jan 1903 2nd Governor-General Lord Tennyson, a former South Australian Governor, was confirmed as Australia’s second Governor-General. He had been acting since 17 July 1902 when Lord Hopetoun left Australia. Lord Tennyson remained in office until 21 January 1904. Alfred Deakin 24 Sep 1903 2nd Prime Minister When Edmund Barton resigned to become a judge of the High Court, his friend and deputy Prime Minister Alfred Deakin succeeded him. Alfred Deakin 06 Oct 1903 High Court established Sir Samuel Griffith, Sir Edmund Barton and Richard O’Connor met for the first sitting of the High Court of Australia. In 1906 HB Higgins and Sir Isaac Isaacs joined them when the Deakin government increased the bench to five. In 1913 the Fisher government gave the Court its present size of seven judges. Alfred Deakin Lord Northcote served as Governor-General until 9 September 1908. Alfred Deakin 02 Mar 1904 Opening of 2nd parliament The second parliament opened and closed with the same Prime Minister, but there were four changes of government and three different Prime Ministers between the 1903 and 1906 federal elections. This was the most unstable of Australia's 40 parli


What is the British Engineerium, in Hove?

Fire at Hove British Engineerium museum - BBC News BBC News Fire at Hove British Engineerium museum 11 June 2015 Close share panel Image copyright Twitter: @LukeBurstow Image caption The fire at the British Engineerium could be seen affecting the tower of the building Investigations are under way into two fires which broke out in Brighton and Hove within minutes of each other. One was at the British Engineerium, an engineering and steam power museum in Hove, which was not open as it is undergoing restoration work. The other was in the roof of a three storey building containing flats and a shop in Gloucester Road, Brighton. No-one was hurt in either fire which fire crews were called to at about 17:40 BST. A spokesman for East Sussex Fire and Rescue Service said the fire at the museum started in a portable building on the site, which then affected an adjacent tower and part of the museum. It is not known if the museum has suffered any significant damage.


The first Transit of Venus in the 21st century took place on 8 June 2004. What is the date of the next one?

Transit of Venus FAQ: Everything You Need to Know Transit of Venus FAQ: Everything You Need to Know By SPACE.com Staff | June 2, 2012 06:50am ET MORE Michael Wilce of Central London, UK took 20 composite shots to create this image of the Venus transit on June 8, 2004. Credit: Michael Wilce On June 5, skywatchers around the world will be treated to a rare astronomical event when Venus dances across the solar disk for the last time this century. The so-called transit of Venus is a much-anticipated event that has attracted wide interest around the globe. To prepare for the historic spectacle, here are some frequently asked questions (and answers) on the rare celestial sight: What is the transit of Venus? When Venus crosses in front of the sun, astronomers refer to this as a "transit." As the planet moves along its orbital path, it will travel across the solar disk, making it appear to observers on Earth as a small black blemish on the face of the sun. What's so special about it? Due to the tilt of the planet's orbit, transits of Venus are some of the rarest astronomical sights because they only occur in pairs eight years apart, once every 100 years or so. The last Venus transit occurred on June 8, 2004, and the next one will not be visible again until the year 2117, more than 100 years from now. [ Transits of Venus Through History (Gallery) ] Prior to 2004, the last pair of Venus transits took place in 1881 and 1889. World visibility of the transit of Venus on 5-6 June 2012. Spitsbergen is an Artic island – part of the Svalbard archipelago in Norway – and one of the few places in Europe from which the entire transit is visible. For most of Europe, only the end of the transit event will be visible during sunrise on 6 June. Credit: Michael Zeiler, eclipse-maps.com (via ESA) How can I watch the transit? As Venus passes in front of the sun, the planet will cover only a small fraction of the solar disk, which means observers need to protect their eyes. It is very dangerous for humans to stare at the sun (even mid-transit) without proper eclipse glasses or solar filters for binoculars and telescopes. To observe the sun, dense filters are used to block damaging rays. The only safe filters are #14 welder's glass, which is sold in specialized welder's supply stores. Special eclipse glasses are also available from telescope stores and astronomy clubs (they should only cost a couple of dollars). Another way to watch the transit is using a "pinhole camera," which can be made from a large cardboard box. [ Video: How to Make a Pinhole Camera ] If you plan to watch the transit with binoculars or a small telescope , you will need a proper full-aperture solar filter. When and where can I see the 2012 transit of Venus? Venus will cross the face of the sun on June 5, 2012, and will be visible from many parts of the world. Since the event takes place across the International Date Line, the transit will occur on Wednesday, June 6 in Asia, Australia, Africa and Europe. Skywatchers in North America, Europe, Asia and eastern Africa will be well-placed to see at least part of the transit in person. To see if there are any local events in your hometown to view the transit of Venus, NASA has put together a map showing the location of various viewing parties around the world on its Sun-Earth Day website: http://venustransit.nasa.gov/2012/transit/event_locations.php If, however, you are unable to witness the event in person, several organizations will be broadcasting footage from observatories and telescopes online. For example, NASA will be hosting a webcast on June 5 that will last the entire length of the Venus transit. Viewers who tune in will be able to see the entire event unfold, through footage streamed live from t he summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. These views will be accompanied by commentary from astronomers and transit experts. The webcast is currently scheduled to begin at 5:45 p.m. EDT (2145 GMT). For more information, SPACE.com has put together a handy guide for how to watch the transit of Venus online: http://www.space.com/15956-venus-tran


What did the band S Club 7 change their name to when Paul Cattermole left in June 2002?

BBC News | MUSIC | Paul leaves S Club 7 Thursday, 28 March, 2002, 11:53 GMT Paul leaves S Club 7 Paul Cattermole, 25, is the group's oldest member S Club 7 star Paul Cattermole, who has announced he is quitting the band, is to join a heavy metal rock group. The band will continue as a six-piece under the name S Club, and Cattermole will remain with them to work on their fourth TV series. He will also perform at the Queen's Golden Jubilee concert at Buckingham Palace in June. They were founded and managed by Spice Girls svengali Simon Fuller But Cattermole is to switch styles by joining Skua, a group of old school friends playing nu-metal music. He told the Sun newspaper: "I want a change musically." No new release is likely for some time - as Skua do not have a record deal. Cattermole's departure came as his former bandmates re-signed their deal with both their management company and record label, which will make each of the members a millionaire. An S Club spokeswoman described the split as amicable. 'Rumour' Aged 25, Cattermole is the oldest member of the group, and is currently dating S Club's Hannah Spearitt. S Club's Rachel will be part of the newly named S Club In January, the band denied claims they were set to split, issuing a statement that there was "no truth in the rumour". They released their first single, Bring It All Back, in June 1999, and it went straight to number one. In 2000 they started work on their second TV series, LA7, which saw them move to Los Angeles. The series went on to become a big hit on American TV. The group won best British newcomer at the Brit Awards in March 2000 and hit the top spot in December with Never Had A Dream Come True, which saw profits going to the BBC's Children In Need charity. 'Stupid' They had two more number ones in 2001 with Don't Stop Movin' and their second Children In Need song, Have You Ever. The group also hit the headlines in March when three of their members were arrested for possessing cannabis. Bradley McIntosh, Paul Cattermole and Jon Lee were found carrying the drug in London's West End. They later apologised for the incident to their fans, saying they had been "stupid". The four other members of the band are Hannah Spearritt, Jo O'Meara, Rachel Stevens and Tina Barrett. The group are the brainchild of former Spice Girls manager Simon Fuller.


What is the name for a mountain in Scotland with a height over 3,000 ft (914.4 m).

Scotland's highest mountains - The Munros - YouTube Scotland's highest mountains - The Munros Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 3, 2013 A Munro is a mountain in Scotland with a height over 3,000 ft . Munros are named after Sir Hugh Munro, 4th Baronet (1856--1919), who produced the first list of such hills, known as Munros Tables, in 1891. A Munro top is a summit that is not regarded as a separate mountain and which is over 3,000 ft (914.4 m). In the 2012 revision of the tables, published by the Scottish Mountaineering Club, there are 282 Munros and 227 further subsidiary tops. The best known Munro is Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles. The Munros of Scotland present challenging conditions to hikers, particularly in winter. Each year, people die on the mountains. Nevertheless, a popular practice amongst hillwalkers is "Munro bagging", the aim being to climb all of the listed Munros. As of 2009, more than 4,000 had reported completing their round. The first continuous round of the Munros was completed by Hamish Brown in 1974, whilst the current holder of the record for the fastest continuous round is Stephen Pyke who completed his 2010 round in just under 40 days. Category


"What fictional ship, with black hull and sails, was originally named ""Wicked Wench""?"

BLACKPEARL -- Crossword entry | Crossword Nexus BLACKPEARL Black Pearl The Black Pearl, originally Wicked Wench, is a fictional ship in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series. In the screenplay, the Black Pearl is easily recognized by her distinctive black hull and sails. The ship was originally named Wicked Wench before she was ordered burned and sunk by Lord Beckett. It was later raised from the sea floor by Davy Jones after making a pact with Jack Sparrow who rechristened her the Black Pearl. She is said to be "nigh uncatchable". Indeed, in the three films she either overtakes or flees all other ships, including the Interceptor and the ... The above text is a snippet from Wikipedia: Black Pearl and as such is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License . Need help with a clue? Try your search in the crossword dictionary! Clue:   Book of the month Francis Heaney and Brendan Emmett Quigley, two of the best in the biz, have teamed up for Drunk Crosswords . Grab yourself a copy today! Store NEW! Get a whole bunch of puzzles, pay what you want, and help charity. Mobile App We've got an app, with versions for iPhone, iPod and (finally!) Android. Snap a picture of the QR code above, or simply follow this link for more info. It's free, and the quickest way to get help for your crosswords on the go. Enjoy!


Traditionally, Easter buns are eaten on which day?

5 Great Historical Myths And Traditions About Hot Cross Buns, a Pre-Easter Pastry    |   Smart News | Smithsonian 5 Great Historical Myths And Traditions About Hot Cross Buns, a Pre-Easter Pastry From solidifying friendships to driving evil spirits away, legends abound about these sweet dough balls (Photo: I Love Images/Corbis) smithsonian.com April 17, 2014 Delicious hot cross buns —those doughy, raisin-studded delights—are traditionally eaten during Lent, especially in the week leading up to Easter. Marked with an icing or dough cross on top, they've been a holiday staple of some communities for centuries. (Versions of the hot cross bun even appeared in ancient Greece.) Given the baked good's long history, legends and superstitions have had ample time to develop and grow around them. Here are five favorites:  A 12th-century monk was the first person to mark the bun with a cross. This monk baked the buns on Good Friday, in honor of the upcoming Easter holiday,  IrishCentral reports , and they soon gained popularity around England as a symbol of the holiday weekend. However, the first definite record of hot cross buns comes from a  16th and 17th century text  stating: "Good Friday comes this month, the old woman runs, with one or two a penny hot cross buns." Nowadays the cross might be made of chocolate icing or cream, but, traditionally, it is made of a simple dough or just a knife imprint. They stay fresh for a whole year. If you hang a hot cross bun from your kitchen rafters on Good Friday, legend has it that the bread will remain fresh and mold-free throughout the entire year. This harkens back to the body of Christ, which, according to the Bible, did not show any signs of decay after his crucifixion and prior to his resurrection. The bun should be replaced each year on Good Friday. Later in the year, the buns were sometimes broken up, mixed with water and treated as a medicine, FoodTimeline reports .  They expel bad spirits. Due to the blessed cross on top, hot cross buns hung in the kitchen are supposed to protect from evil spirits . They're also said to prevent kitchen fires from breaking out, and ensure that all breads baked that year will turn out perfectly delicious. Likewise, taking hot cross buns on a voyage at sea endows the boat with some protection from shipwreck, according to legend. And cement friendships. Those who share a hot cross bun are supposed to enjoy a strong friendship and bond for the next year. A line from an old rhyme captures this lore, says Irish Central: "Half for you and half for me, between us two, good luck shall be."  They're too sacred to eat any old day. In 1592, Queen Elizabeth I decreed that hot cross buns could no longer be sold on any day except for Good Friday, Christmas or for burials. They were simply too special to be eaten any other day. To get around this, FoodTimeline explains that people baked the buns in their own kitchens—although if they were caught they had to give up all of the illegal buns on their premises to the poor. So, now you're chance to enjoy! You can buy them or  make them at home . Like this article?


Who discovered and named the element francium in 1939?

Francium»historical information [WebElements Periodic Table] Francium: historical information Francium: historical information Francium was discovered by  Marguerite Perey at 1939 in  France. Origin of name : named after "France" Francium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute in Paris, (France) but its existence was predicted by Mendeleev during the 1870's. Since its properties should track those of caesium rather closely, he called it eka-caesium. Marguerite Perey noticed an α decay product from actinium, now recognized as 22387Fr. This is the longest-lived isotope of actinium with a half life of about 22 minutes. She called the new element Francium after her country. WebElements chemistry shop You can buy periodic table posters, mugs, T-shirts, periodic table fridge magnets, games, molecular models, and more at the WebElements periodic table shop


"The name of which board game means ""I play"" in Latin?"

Clue (board game) | Clue Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Genre Murder-Mystery Clue (Cluedo outside the U.S.) is a popular murder-mystery board game. It was originally published in Leeds, England in 1949. It was devised by Anthony E. Pratt, a so ly move around the game board (a mansion), as of one of the game's six suspects (or, collecting clues from which to deduce which suspect murdered the game's perpetual victim: Mr. Boddy ( Dr. Black , outside of U.S.), and with which weapon and in what room. Several games, books, and a film have been released as part of the Cluedo franchise. The board game forms a chronology. Overall, several spinoffs have been released, some featuring extra characters, and for some, different game play. More recent editions have restored the name Boddy Mansion to the mansion, and say the mansion is located in Boston, Massachusetts in the year 1954 (located in Hampshire, England outside of the U.S.). Contents Edit In 1944, Anthony E. Pratt, an English solicitor's clerk, filed for a patent of his invention of a murder/mystery-themed game, originally named "Murder!" The game was originally invented as a new game to play during sometimes lengthy air raid drills in underground bunkers. Shortly thereafter, Pratt and his wife presented the game to Waddingtons' executive, Norman Watson, who immediately purchased the game and provided its trademark name of "Cluedo" (a play on "clue" and "Ludo", which is Latin for "I play"). Though the patent was granted in 1947, due to post-war shortages, the game was not officially launched until 1949, at which time the game was simultaneously licensed to Parker Brothers in the United States for publication, where it was re-named "Clue" along with other minor changes. However, there were several differences between the original game concept and that initially published in 1949, In particular, Pratt's original design calls for ten characters, one of whom was to be designated the victim by random drawing prior to the start of the game. These ten included the eliminated Mr. Brown, Mr. Gold, Miss Grey, and Mrs. Silver, with Nurse White, and Colonel Yellow. The game allowed for play of up to eight remaining characters, providing for nine suspects in total. Originally there were eleven rooms, including the eliminated "gun room" and cellar. In addition there were nine weapons including the unused axe, bomb, syringe, poison, shillelagh (walking stick/cudgel), and fireplace poker. Some of these unused weapons and characters would appear in later spinoff versions of the game. Some gameplay aspects were different as well. Notably, the remaining playing cards were distributed into the rooms to be retrieved, rather than dealt directly to the players. Players also had to land on another player in order to make suggestions about that player's character through the use of special counter-tokens, and once exhausted, a player could no longer make suggestions. There were other minor differences, all of which would be updated by the game's initial release and remain essentially unchanged in the standard classic editions of the game. Equipment Edit The game's current equipment consists of a board which shows the rooms, corridors and secret passages of an English country house called Boddy Mansion, although previously named variously as Tudor Close or Tudor Hall, and in some editions Tudor Manor or Tudor Mansion). The game box also includes several colored playing pieces to represent characters, miniature murder weapon props, one or two six-sided dice, three sets of cards, each set describing the aforementioned rooms, characters and weapons, Solution Cards envelope to contain one card from each set of cards, and a Detective's Notes pad on which are printed lists of rooms, weapons and characters, so players can keep detailed notes during the game. Suspects Edit Depending on edition, the playing pieces are typically made of colored plastic, shaped like chess pawns, or character figurines. Occasionally they are made from wood or pewter. The standard edition of Cluedo comes with six basic tokens rep


What name is given to the murder of 7 people as part of a Prohibition Era conflict between the South Side Italian gang led by Al Capone and the North Side Irish gang led by Bugs Moran in Chicago, Illinois, in 1929?

1000+ images about St. Valentine's Day Massacre on Pinterest | Carthage, Chicago tribune and Second anniversary Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas St. Valentine's Day Massacre The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre is the name given to the 1929 murder of seven mob associates as part of a prohibition era conflict between two powerful criminal gangs in Chicago: the South Side Italian gang led by Al Capone and the North Side Irish gang led by Bugs Moran. Former members of the Egan's Rats gang were also suspected of having played a significant role in the incident, assisting Capone. 15 Pins643 Followers


What is Mycology? How do I become a Mycologist? What Mycology Schools are there? WHAT IS FUNGAL MOLD      MYCOLOGY?   Fungal Mold Mycology  is a field of scientific inquiry in  the life sciences that  studies microscopic forms in  the FUNGI  kingdom. Fungi      are not plants or animals, have no legs, wings or any superior      intellect  but are very interesting and relevant to human health. I commonly refer to fungal mold to more accurately describe the deutromycota a group of fungi that have formations that may only be viewed microscopically.   WHAT IS SO INTERESTING      ABOUT FUNGI?   A medical mycologist molecular biologist will tell you that in the study of fungi they reveal themselves as far more interesting than      humans  due to the various morphologies within the same species      of many genera - where else do you find dimorphs, telemorphs and      anamorphs so dramatically in life?  Did you know some fungi actually have locomotion abilities? Like animals they actually move on their own with a purpose upon their prey!   WHY ARE FUNGI IMPORTANT      TO STUDY? In terms of toxicity once one understands that Aflatoxins      B / G and M1,  Deoxynivalenol,   Ochratoxin A, Patulin and   Zearalenone found in our foods are carefully regulated in the      European Union and that only one of those are regulated in the USA that      being Aflatoxin it is clear that it is a matter of time  when US      regulations will  recognize the EU standard. These toxins are the      source of some many of the diseases afflicting the American people and      costing  millions in added health care costs. Our failure      to regulate these toxins is one of the major reasons the EU does not      import American food. On a molecular level fungal DNA in many ways is more      like human DNA than plant DNA. This interesting fact presents some very      challenging research issues and problems relating to human health. This      is one of the major reasons why we study mycology. WHAT DOES FUNGAL DNA      TELL US? Not much that is immediately relevant. There is a tendency      for many to believe that now we have DNA from mold we can determine      in a relative instant its specie and everything else about including      the risk it may present. This is a very simplistic and an understandable      view but it it far more complex. We know mold adapts to its environment      and resulting variations in expressed morphology, production of allergens, toxins and their resulting associated risks. We also know that 25% of the human population has genetically predisposed innate sensitivity to fungal mold.     WHY HAS MOLD FUNGI BECOME      A PROBLEM RECENTLY? Fungal mold has always been with us but since the advent      of the world wide web and access to knowledge of potential risks associated      with mold humans are getting back into thinking and rightfully looking      closer at things that can affect their health. Mold has always been      a real concern. Fungal mold has had relevance to human health and has been      documented as early as 1400 B.C./E. in detail within the Talmud Torah.      Here Moses, the author of the Book of Leviticus, (See Lev. IV: XXXIII-LXVII) interestingly provides instruction and laws to guide his people in both      identifying and treating mold. (3500 years ago!)   SHOULD  HUMANS REALLY      WORRY ABOUT  MOLD FUNGI?    Mold fungi contributes to  many problems such      as asthma and allergies. Mold infects many parts of the anatomy and can grow on/in the heart, spine, brain,      the eyes, lungs and intestines and nearly anywhere else in the human and animal body. The worldwide community of medical mycologists      and scientists have indicted fungal molds for being behind many of the      diseases for which the cause or etiology is unknown or idiopathic.   WHICH HUMAN POPULATIONS


In America, as what was Bill Shoemaker famous?

William "Bill" Shoemaker Jockey | HorseRacing.com Strategy William Shoemaker : Horse Racing Jockey William Lee Shoemaker, better known as Bill Shoemaker, was born in 1931. He weighed in at a minute 2.5 pounds at birth and was so small and weak that he was not expected to survive his first night. Yet, in true Bill Shoemaker form, he went on to not only survive, but to become one of the most legendary American jockeys to walk the face of the planet. As an adult, Shoemaker height measured 4’11’’, with his weight being under 100 pounds. He had a light bone structure and so was naturally light. This meant he had the rare privilege of being able to eat whatever he wanted and still maintain his weight. The good food certainly kept his spirits up and he was not only a quick thinker during the races but also a known prankster. William Shoemaker was known more for his way of handling horses than he was for his actual winnings. However, he certainly did have an impressive list of accomplishments. He finished in the top three in nearly half of the races he ran and the collective winnings of the horses he rode amounted to more than $123 million. In all, Shoemaker won 8,833 races. This includes 11 wins at Triple Crown events. Shoemaker would often describe his riding style as ‘staying out of the horses way’ to the greatest extent possible. He had a light touch on the reins and communicated his will to the horses in the most sensitive way possible. In this way, he was able to encourage the horse to want to run it’s heart out instead of forcing it to go beyond what it was maybe willing to give. The horses responded to his unique style of riding and it didn’t take long before Shoemaker had garnered a brilliant reputation as a great American jockey . Shoemaker was light, athletic and fun loving. In his early racing career he was fairly lucky and seldom got hurt. Off the track he was unpretentious and during his later life he was a devoted father. Though he often considered the highlight of his career to be his win at the Kentucky Derby in 1986, it was probably his run at the Kentucky Derby that put him in the history books. It was at that race that he won for the fourth time at 54 years of age. This made him the oldest jockey to ever win the Kentucky Derby . Not long afterwards, Shoemaker decided to retire from competitive racing. He was 58 years of age. Unfortunately he was paralysed in a car accident just one year later but he did not let this stop him from turning out some spectacular race horses as a trainer. His horses won 90 races. Bill Shoemaker died in his sleep on October 12, 2003 at 72 years of age. He is remembered as a great horse racing legend and his legacy helped shape the face of horse racing in America.


Project Habakkuk was a plan by the British in World War II to construct what from ice?

Project Habakkuk | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Geoffrey Pyke was an old friend of J.D. Bernal , and had originally been recommended to Lord Mountbatten , Chief of Combined Operations , by the Cabinet minister Leopold Amery . Pyke worked at Combined Operations Headquarters (COHQ), alongside Bernal, and was regarded as a genius by Mountbatten. [1] Pyke conceived the idea of Habbakuk while in the US organising the production of M29 Weasels for Project Plough , a scheme to assemble an elite unit for winter operations in Norway, Romania , and the Italian Alps. [1] He had been considering the problem of how to protect seaborne landings and Atlantic convoys out of reach of aircraft cover. The problem was that steel and aluminium were in short supply and required for other purposes. Pyke realized that the answer was ice, which could be manufactured for only 1% of the energy needed to make an equivalent mass of steel. He proposed that an iceberg, natural or artificial, be levelled to provide a runway and hollowed out to shelter aircraft. From New York, Pyke sent the proposal he had composed on Habbakuk via diplomatic bag to COHQ with a label forbidding anyone apart from Mountbatten from opening the package. Mountbatten in turn passed Pyke's proposal on to Churchill , who was enthusiastic about it. [2] Pyke was not the first to suggest a floating mid-ocean stopping point for aircraft, nor even the first to suggest that such a floating island could be made of ice: German scientist Dr. Gerke of Waldenberg proposed the idea and carried out some preliminary experiments in Lake Zurich in 1930. [3] The idea was a recurring one: in 1940 an idea for an ice island was circulated round The Admiralty but was treated as a joke by officers, including Nevil Shute , who circulated a memorandum that gathered ever more caustic comments. The document had to be retrieved just before it reached the Sea Lord's inbox. [4] Code name and spelling Edit The project's code name seems to have been consistently (mis)spelled Habbakuk in the Admiralty and Government documents at the time. This may in fact have been Pyke's own error, as at least one early document apparently written by him (though unsigned) spells it that way. (However, post-war publications by people concerned with the project [e.g., Perutz and Goodeve] all restore the proper [one 'B' and three 'K's] spelling.) The name is a biblical reference to the project's ambitious goal: "...be utterly amazed, for I am going to do something in your days that you would not believe, even if you were told." ( Habakkuk 1:5, NIV) David Lampe, in his book, Pyke, the Unknown Genius, states that the name was derived from Voltaire's Candide and was misspelt by his Canadian secretary.  However, the word does not actually appear in that text, [5] so this is probably inaccurate. Pykrete Edit A block of pykrete In early 1942 Pyke and Bernal called in Max Perutz to determine whether an ice floe large enough to withstand Atlantic conditions could be built up fast enough. He pointed out that natural icebergs have too small a surface above water for an airstrip, and are prone to suddenly rolling over. The project would have been abandoned, except for the invention of pykrete , a mixture of water and woodpulp which frozen together was stronger than plain ice, was slower melting, and of course would not sink. It has been suggested that Pyke was inspired by Inuit sleds reinforced with moss. [1] This is probably apocryphal, as the material was originally described in a paper by Mark and Hohenstein in Brooklyn, NY. [2] Pykrete could be machined like wood and cast into shapes like metal, and when immersed in water formed an insulating shell of wet wood pulp on its surface which protected its interior from further melting. However, Perutz found a problem: ice slowly flows, in what is known as plastic flow , and his tests showed that a pykrete ship would slowly sag unless it was cooled to −16 °C (3 °F). To accomplish this, the ship's surface would have to be protected by insulation and it would need a refrigerati