In 1964, which English cricketer became the first bowler to take 300 Test wickets?

Jimmy Anderson become fourth English bowler to take 300 Test wickets | Daily Mail Online comments Jimmy Anderson today became only the fourth Englishman and the first since Sir Ian Botham 29 years ago to take 300 Test wickets. Anderson, in his 81st Test and back at the scene of his debut at Lord’s, snaffled the first two wickets of the New Zealand innings to reach a landmark that only Botham, Fred Trueman and Bob Willis among Englishmen have reached. It is a fabulous achievement for the Lancastrian, who has developed into the best swing bowler in the world and, at 30, should have enough time to go on to surpass Sir Ian’s record of English record of 383. Indeed, Botham said on Sky TV immediately after Anderson’s landmark wicket that he expects him to become the first Englishman to reach 400.   Welcome: Anderson (with his back to camera) is greeted by England's surviving members of the 300 club, Sir Ian Botham and Bob Willis Just done it: James Anderson (right) celebrates after reaching 300 Test wickets, becoming the fourth Englishman to do it, after dismissing Peter Fulton Having a ball: Anderson salutes the crowd after reaching 300 Test wickets Mob rule: England players converge on Anderson after he broke his record Congratulations: The England slip cordon, led by Graeme Swann, engulf Anderson On the board: The scoreboard shows Anderson's feat Salute: Anderson raises his arm in acknowledgement of his 300th Test wicket TWITTER TRIBUTES Sir Ian Botham: 'Well done Jimmy.... 300 club and many more to come..!!!!!' Kevin Pietersen: 'Ooh Jimmy Jimmy, Jimmy Jimmy Jimmy Jimmy Anderson.. #300 #boom @JimmyAnderson9'. Mark Ramprakash: 'Congrats to Jimmy Anderson on 300 Test wickets!!! :-)' Anderson was thrown into international cricket almost straight from club cricket with Burnley but had his problems in the early years of his career which included 12 months out of the game with a serious back injury. Yet once he and Stuart Broad were preferred to Ashes heroes Steve Harmison and Matthew Hoggard for the second Test of England’s New Zealand tour of 2008 there has been no looking back for Anderson, who has become indisputably the leader of the England attack. His early strikes here in the first Test at Lord’s today were sorely needed after England had been bowled out for 232, the last six wickets falling for 40 as New Zealand swung the Duke ball in helpful overcast conditions. Anderson dismissed Hamish Rutherford with a beauty, well caught at slip by Alastair Cook, and then saw his great friend Graeme Swann snaffle another catch to see the back of Peter Fulton. Anderson raised the ball to the Lord’s crowd who acclaimed the accolade with a long ovation. And the seamer took New Zealand's third wicket of Ross Taylor. Bringing New Zealand to their knees: Anderson celebrates Taylor's wicket and (right) a breakdown of his 300 Joining the elite: James Anderson celebrates the wicket of Hamish Rutherford to move on to 299 - before getting Peter Fulton and reaching 300 Jimmy's first Test wicket First blood: Anderson (centre) celebrates after taking the wicket of Zimbabwe's Mark Vermeulen in 2003, his first scalp in Test cricket And the trio who were already part of the 300 club Milestones: Fred Trueman is congratulated on taking his 300th Test wicket in 1964 Deadly duo: Bob Willis and Ian Botham both reached the 300 wicket landmark in the 1980s FIVE OF THE BEST FROM AWESOME ANDERSON MAY 2003, v Zimbabwe, Lord's - Having made his name with some superb displays in the one-day side, Anderson found himself thrust into the Test arena at the age of just 20. Although the opposition were an unfancied Zimbabwe side, Anderson's performance did little to counteract the growing hype. He took five for 73 in the first innings to put his name on the ground's famous honours board, clean bowling four of his victims. MARCH 2008, v New Zealand, Wellington - Despite his superb start to his Test career, Anderson's stock fell off dramatically due to issues of form and fitness and he was in and out of the side as he worked on a remodelled action. His b


Who was the elder brother of Henry 8th who died before he could become king?

Henry Vlll - Tudor king Henry Vlll Age18-56. Second son of Henry VII. Married Catherine of Aragon (Spanish), Anne Boleyn (English), Jane Seymore (English), Anne of Cleves (Flemish-Belgian), Catherine Howard (English), Catherine Parr (English). Three children Buried in Windsor Castle. Henry Vlll is probably the most well known of the Tudor kings. He was a very selfish person and by the end of his life everyone was afraid of him, mainly because of his ruthless behaviour toward anyone who didn't agree with him. See Henry Vlll timeline Henry Vlll was born at Greenwich Palace, London on 28 June 1491 and was the second son of Henry Vll and Elizabeth of York (daughter of Edward lV). He became Prince of Wales and heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother, Prince Arthur, in 1502. When did Henry become king? He succeeded to the throne after his father's death on 21 April 1509. He was 17 years old when he became king. Henry built fine palaces, and fought wars against France and Scotland. Appearance Tall and thickset, with blue-grey eyes, short auburn hair and a beard. Henry Vlll was handsome in his youth, but became bloated and fat (he had a 54-inch waist when he was 50). He dressed lavishly, wearing a gold collar with a diamond as big as a walnut and many jewelled rings. Religion Henry Vlll brought religious upheaval to England. When he became king, most people belonged to the Catholic Church , which was headed by the Pope, in Rome. In 1534, Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and proclaimed himself head of the Church of England . The land and riches of the church became Henry's property and he sold off most of this land to dukes, barons and other noblemen. Sport / Hobbies Henry Vlll was a great athlete in his youth. Henry threw the javelin and enjoyed hunting, archery, jousting and tennis. He spoke French, Spanish, Latin and some Italian and was a good musician. Henry played the lute and harpsichord well and could sing from sight. Home Henry Vlll lived at Hampton Court Palace in London. Family Life Henry Vlll wanted a son to rule after him. He first married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon but divorced her when she did not produce a male heir to the throne. He married three times more before a son was born. In total he married six times!


The 'Short' and the 'Long' Parliaments were both in the reign of which monarch?

The Long Parliament » Church & State » The First Civil War » The Long Parliament The Long Parliament The Long Parliament was first called by King Charles I on 3 November 1640, six months after the dissolution of the Short Parliament and within weeks of the defeat of the English in the Bishops' Wars against Scotland. The King was reluctant to summon another Parliament but the expense of the wars had left him desperately short of money and in urgent need of parliamentary subsidies. The Long Parliament sat throughout the First and Second Civil wars until December 1648, when it was purged by the New Model Army. The Purged Parliament (or the "Rump" of the Long Parliament) was expelled by Oliver Cromwell in April 1653. The Long Parliament was reinstated in February 1660 after the fall of the Cromwellian Protectorate and was formally dissolved on 16 March 1660. Prelude to Civil War, 1640-2 The early sessions of the Long Parliament were dominated by attempts to limit the King's autocratic and arbitrary use of his powers. Parliamentary opposition was orchestrated by John Pym who initially focused his criticism upon the King's advisers rather than the King himself. At Pym's instigation, the Earl of Strafford and Archbishop Laud were denounced as "evil councillors" and impeached within weeks of the Long Parliament first assembling. During 1641, a series of reforms was carried out to abolish the courts of Star Chamber and High Commission and other institutions that had allowed King Charles to circumvent the common law and to rule without calling a Parliament during his eleven-year Personal Rule (1629-40). Financial measures of dubious legality, such as ship-money, forced loans and destraint of knighthood, were also abolished. The Triennial Act was passed in January 1641 to ensure that Parliament would be called at least once every three years. The reforms carried out by the Long Parliament before the outbreak of the civil wars eventually formed the basis of the Restoration Settlement in the 1660s. The abolition of the prerogative courts and of the Crown's right to raise money by arbitrary means were important steps towards the establishment of the constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy of modern Britain. The Irish Uprising of October 1641 brought into sharp focus the critical issue of whether the armed forces should be controlled by the King or by Parliament. Pym and his supporters drafted the Grand Remonstrance in an attempt to undermine confidence in the King and his advisers; a new Militia Bill was proposed in Parliament but this was strenuously resisted by the King. Matters came to a head in January 1642 with the failure of the King's attempt to arrest the Five Members whom he regarded as his leading opponents in Parliament. In March, the Long Parliament decreed that its own ordinances were valid and legally binding without the need for the King's assent. With the complete breakdown of dialogue between King and Parliament, civil war became inevitable. The First Civil War, 1642-6 From 1642-4, Parliament's war-effort was directed by a specially appointed commission known as the Committee of Safety . After Parliament's military alliance with the Scots, the Committee of Safety was superseded by the Committee for Both Kingdoms . Around one-third of the members House of Commons and most of the House of Lords left Westminster to join the King's alternative Oxford Parliament in 1643. From 1645 onwards, "recruiter" elections were held to "recruit" or make up the numbers of MPs at Westminster. Parliamentary propaganda, 1643 Money to finance Parliament's war-effort was raised initially through loans from City financiers. In November 1642, John Pym introduced the first of several innovatory financial measures with an ordinance for an assessment tax on property to be levied in London. This was the first time that Parliament had imposed a tax without the consent of a monarch. The assessment was gradually extended throughout all areas of England under parliamentary control. In March 1643, Pym introduced an ordinance for the seque


Lusitania was the Roman name for which country?

Lusitania - Clickable Map of the Roman Empire - First Century AD Map of the Roman Empire   |  Bible History Online Lusitania LUSITAï¿½NIA LUSITAï¿½NIA (? ??s?ta??a, ? ??s?ta????, Strab.; ???s?ta??a, Diod. Sic., Ptol., Steph. B. sub voce: Eth. ??s?ta???, Lusitani), originally denoted the country of the Lusitani, but is commonly used in a wider sense, as the name of one of the three provinces, into which Hispania was divided by Augustus. (HISPANIA p. 1081, Nos. 3, 4). 1. Extent and Boundaries. Like the modern Portugal, it lay on the W. side of the peninsula, extending from its SW. point (SACRUM PR., C. S. Vincent), eastwards to the mouth of the ANAS (Guadiana), and northwards along the W. coast; but here, as well as in the interior, the boundaries of the two countries were very different; Lusitania occupying only two-thirds of the W. coast, and Portugal more than three-fourths. The former had its N. boundary at the DURIUS (Douro), the latter at the MINIUS (Miï¿½o) ; and the Portuguese province, called Entre Douro e Minho, as lying between these rivers, as well as that of Traz os Montes E. of it, were anciently the part of GALLAECIA which belonged to the Callaï¿½ci Bracarii. But on the E. side, inland, Lusitania had a much wider extent than Portugal. Both rest on the same base, as their S. side, namely the coast between C. S. Vincent and the mouth of the Guadiana, and at first the boundary runs N. nearly along the same line, namely the course of the Guadiana, the slight difference being in favour of Portugal, which has a slip on the E. side of the river. But, from a point on the river, a little below Badajoz, and a little above its intersection with the Meridian of 7ï¿½ W. long., the boundaries diverge ; that of Portugal taking a general direction N. with a slight bearing to the E., till it strikes the Douro at its great bend from SW. to NW. (where the Agueda joins it), and running up the river to its great bend in the opposite direction, below the Esla; while that of Lusitania continued up the Anas eastward, towards the middle of the Peninsula, to a point considerably above METELLINUM (but not very certainly defined), whence it followed a N. direction to the Durius, which it met at a point below the river Pistoraca (also not very well defined). Thus, Lusitania contained, on this side, the N. part of Spanish Estremadura, and the S. part of Leon; and the part of the province thus lying E. of Modern Portugal, corresponds very nearly to the territory of the VETTONES These are the boundaries of the Roman province, as constituted under Augustus; but there are considerable variations in the extent assigned to the country by various writers, especially according as the word is used, in the wider sense, for the province, or in the narrower meaning, for the country of the Lusitani. In this first and narrowest sense, it included only the district between the Tagus and the Durius, from the Atlantic on the W., to about the present frontier of Portugal on the E. Next, the supposed or actual connection of these people with their Northern neighbours, the Callaï¿½ci, Artabri, and Astures, led to their being, at least in part, included under the same name, and accordingly Strabo defines Lusitania as the country N. of the Tagus, bounded on the W. & N. by the Ocean. (Strab. iii. p.153.) But just above he says, that the greater part of the Lusitani, meaning those N. of the Durius, had obtained the name of Callaï¿½ci; and elsewhere he expressly states that the whole region N. of the Durius, which was formerly called Lusitania, was now called Callaï¿½ca. (iii. p. 166.) On the E., says Strabo (l.c.), it bordered on the Carpetani, Vettones, Vaccaei, and Callaï¿½ci, and other tribes of less note ; and he adds that these also were sometimes called Lusitani, thus pointing to the extension of the name towards the east. Then, again, on the S. of the Tagus, where the country seems originally to have belonged to the TURDETANI with an intermixture of Celtic tribes [CELTICI], the long and obstinate wars carried on by the Romans drove many of the Lusitanian


Who plays Reggie Perrin in the BBC TV remake of the classic comedy series?

Reggie Perrin (TV Series 2009– ) - IMDb IMDb 16 December 2016 11:32 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Reggie Perrin has a cushy job as head of innovation in a men's body care products firm, but philosophically hates meaningless office life. He's equally unhappy with commuting, his dull ... See full summary  » Creator: David, the accountant who has just moved in next door, comes to call on the Perrins,who bore him with their troubles. Reggie tries unsuccessfully to sell his home-made bread at the local farmers' ... 7.0 Reggie resists the board's efforts to make him conform and stalls when told he must sack a staff member,an announcement which sends Anthony and Steve falling over themselves to keep in with their ... 7.0 After setting to work on David's house with a nail-gun,Reggie moves in with Anthony in his chaotic flat and exposes Nicola's infidelity in his best man's speech at his mother's wedding. Groomtech is ... 7.0 a list of 10000 titles created 07 Nov 2012 a list of 42 titles created 10 May 2015 a list of 16 titles created 07 Dec 2015 a list of 220 titles created 5 months ago a list of 112 titles created 4 months ago Search for " Reggie Perrin " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. William and Mary (TV Series 2003) Comedy | Drama | Romance The lives of William (an undertaker) and Mary (a midwife) cross. They become romantically involved, but what happens for the rest of the series is far less predictable. Stars: Martin Clunes, Julie Graham, Cheryl Campbell Doc Martin (TV Movie 2001) Comedy When an obstetrician learns that his wife has been unfaithful to him with all three of his best mates, he decides to leave London for a short while to think about what to do next. Director: Ben Bolt This comedy series is all about two mates, Gary and Tony who share a two bedroom home. They are grown men who act like a couple of drunk two year olds, who spend their time either drinking ... See full summary  » Stars: Martin Clunes, Caroline Quentin, Leslie Ash Doc Martin (TV Series 2004) Comedy | Drama Trials and tribulations of a socially challenged doctor in Cornwall, England Stars: Martin Clunes, Caroline Catz, Ian McNeice BBC Television comedy detailing the fortunes of Reginald Iolanthe Perrin. Disillusioned after a long career at Sunshine Desserts, Perrin goes through a mid-life crisis and fakes his own ... See full summary  » Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Pauline Yates, John Barron Victor Meldrew is a retiree who attracts bad luck. If he's not driving his long suffering wife Margeret crazy with his constant moaning, he's fighting with neighbors. Stars: Richard Wilson, Annette Crosbie, Doreen Mantle The Korean War and a long lost letter separate the lives of young lovers Jean and Lionel, whose paths cross again by happenstance. Stars: Judi Dench, Geoffrey Palmer, Moira Brooker Richie and Eddie are in charge of the worst hotel in the UK, Guest House Paradiso, neighbouring a nuclear power plant. The illegal immigrant chef has fled and all the guests have gone. But ... See full summary  » Director: Adrian Edmondson Edward and Richard are best buddies living off the government doing nothing more than having a good time and breaking stuff. Stars: Adrian Edmondson, Rik Mayall, Steven O'Donnell Three old men from Yorkshire who have never grown up face the trials of their fellow town citizens and everyday life and stay young by reminiscing about the days of their youth and attempting feats not common to the elderly. Stars: Peter Sallis, Jane Freeman, Kathy Staff A TV program centered on a soul-searching Swedish cop. Stars: Kenneth Branagh, Richard McCabe, Jeany Spark Doctor Bamford has had enough of village life and is desperate for some distance from inquisitive Cornish neighbours. When the local estate


What name is given to the tail of a rabbit or hare?

What Is the name for a hare's tail? | Reference.com What Is the name for a hare's tail? A: Quick Answer A hare's tail is classified as a scut, a kind of short, erect tail found on other herbivorous woodland animals, such as deer and rabbits. It comes from a Middle English word meaning hare, which originally derives from the Old Norse word "skutr," meaning stern. Full Answer A hare's scut is between 2 and 4 inches long. Although short, the scut is used for interspecies communication. Rabbits, deer and hares all utilize a particular kind of motion called tail flagging. Flagging consists of moving the scut very rapidly from side to side. In deer, flagging of the scut indicates agitation; in rabbits and hares, it is a sign that the animal is ready to breed.


What is the popular name given to Beethoven's Piano Sonata number 23?

Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 23 in F minor, Op. 57 'Appassionata' - Lisa Yui, pianist - YouTube Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 23 in F minor, Op. 57 'Appassionata' - Lisa Yui, pianist Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 7, 2012 I. Allegro assai, II. Andante con moto ( 09:27 ), III. Allegro ma non troppo - Presto ( 15:02 ) Lisa Yui - piano, Liszt Ferenc Music Hall, Liszt Ferenc Memorial Museum, Budapest, Hungary, June 30, 2012 http://lisayui.com Biography: Described as "a musical phenomenon" (Pianiste), Lisa Yui enjoys a multifaceted musical career as pianist, lecturer, teacher, author, and musical director. Since making her concerto debut at the age of seven, Ms. Yui has performed throughout North America, Europe, and Asia as a recitalist and soloist with orchestra. She is the top prizewinner of the Senigallia International Piano Competition in Italy, the Super Classics International Auditions in Tokyo, the Toronto Symphony Concerto Competition, the Edmonton Symphony Concerto Competition, and the Canadian Consulate Women's Club Piano Competition in New York and has twice been the recipient of a Canada Council Scholarship. Ms. Yui has worked with such prominent orchestras as the Tokyo Symphony, Polish National Radio, Toronto Symphony, Edmonton Symphony, the Montreal Metropolitan Orchestra, and the Krakow State Philharmonic. Her performances have been broadcast on WQXR (New York), CBC (Canadian Broadcast Corporation) national radio, CJRT-FM (Ontario, Canada), and STV (Sapporo, Japan). She has performed at Suntory Hall in Tokyo, Roy Thompson Hall in Toronto, Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, and the Liszt Ferenc Memorial Museum in Budapest, among other major concert venues around the world. In 2005 Ms. Yui was chosen from over 1000 applicants as one of the few Canadian artists to participate in the World Exposition in Aichi, Japan, where she hosted in English, Japanese, and French. She performed a program of works by Liszt, Ravel, and Canadian composers Francois Morel and Colin McPhee. She has been invited twice to be the featured guest artist on the 101 Days Around the World Tour of the Japanese cruise ship Nipponmaru. As a lecturer and performer, Ms. Yui originated The Lives of the Piano, Manhattan School of Music's first piano lecture/concert series, now in its twelfth season. She has lectured at the Juilliard School, Kunitachi Music University, Princeton University, Washington and Lee University, and the University of Alberta, among other colleges and venues. In 2005, Ms. Yui produced a nine- part lecture/concert series in New York, "Beethoven at Yamaha," in which 30 eminent pianists, including Frederic Rzewski, Frederic Chiu, Jed Distler, Jerome Lowenthal, and Ms. Yui, performed. The following year, she produced "Liszt at Yamaha," appearing along with 30 guest scholars and artists, among them Alan Walker, Leslie Howard, Thomas Mastroianni, and Jerome Lowenthal. She has performed, lectured and given masterclasses in various music conferences, including the MTNA National Conference and NAMM Show in California. Lisa Yui has worked extensively with the Yamaha Disklavier, having given numerous performances, including a solo recital of music for four hands, two pianos, and piano and orchestra, as well as long-distance "remote lessons." A short documentary on her work with the Disklavier, sponsored by Cisco, was filmed by Jae Choe in 2008. Ms. Yui's recent CD of the music of Carl Maria von Weber and Jan Ladislav Dussek has garnered rave reviews and was awarded the highest rating, the "Pianiste Maestro," by the French music magazine, Pianiste. Ms. Yui received her bachelor's degree at the Juilliard School, where she worked in the studio of Oxana Yablonskaya and was teaching assistant to author, professor, and pianist David Dubal. She received her master's and doctor of musical arts degree at Manhattan


Which battle took place on 21st October 1805?

On This Day 209 Years Ago 21st October 1805 The Battle Of Trafalgar Took Place | Forces War Records Send via Email It was the culmination of years of dispute between the French and British Navies. For the past two centuries Britain had been the undisputed ruler of the waves, but from the time Napoleon was made Commander of the French Army in Italy in 1796 he had been spoiling to extend France’s territories at the expense of the British Empire. Several spats had broken out, and although there was a brief lull in 1803, by 1804 Napoleon had managed to tempt Spain to form an alliance; together they set out to take on the British, and the fighting began again. By 1805 Napoleon was aching to make a decisive strike, and called Vice-Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, the Commander of his Franco-Spanish fleet, to leave the safe harbour of Cadiz and join him in an attack across the Channel from Boulogne. When Villeneuve emerged into Cape Trafalgar on 19th October 1805, Admiral Nelson was waiting for him. Traditionally, the plan of attack for naval battles of the time was to pull the ships into a nice straight horizontal line, then travel alongside the enemy line, broadside facing broadside and all guns blazing. However, Nelson was no traditionalist, but a keen pioneer of new ideas and tactics. He decided that the best way to take Villeneuve by surprise would be to charge at his line in two perpendicular columns, carving it into three and taking out the flagship in the first rush, leaving the rest of the line leaderless. It was a bold concept; the bows of the charging ships would not have any guns on them, so although they would be able to make a quick approach they would be defenceless against enemy fire until they were directly on top of the hostile ships, and once through it, finally able to turn broadside and fight back. The plan was made on HMS Victory, one of Nelson’s two flagships, and on Victory he would go into battle and aim to take out French flagship Bucentaure, so that the second column, led by his second-in-command Admiral Cuthbert, could follow and attack the rest of the now leaderless fleet. The British and Franco-Spanish fleets finally came within sight of each other on 21st October; in theory the latter had the advantage, having 33 ships to Britain’s 27, but this did not allow for Nelson’s superior bravado, leadership and flair. As the British closed with the superior force, he ordered the famous signal to be sent out, “England expects that every man will do his duty.” Nelson certainly did his, leading by example and charging the enemy. Villeneuve was taken aback by the size of the British force facing his fleet, having expected a much greater disparity between the two, and was further unnerved by the gusto of the charge. He ordered his ships to return to Cadiz, then, seeing that they were not going to be able to out-run the British, turned them back to face the enemy; as a result, his line was not as sharp as it might otherwise have been, and formed more of a crescent than anything. The flagships’ flanking ships lagged behind, leaving it unprotected in front. As HMS Victory approached it was desperately fired upon, and was unable to return that fire. Before it even got to the Franco-Spanish line, 50 of the crew were killed or wounded. At 12.35 Victory finally turned, ran right under Bucentaure’s stern and fired a double-shotted broadside at her. Over 200 were killed or wounded, and although another French ship, Redoubtable, rapidly came to the rescue, the ship was already crippled. By 2.15, Villeneuve was forced to surrender her. Still, HMS Victory was not out of the woods either. Redoubtable, under Captain Lucas, charged upon Victory with a will, firing both her cannons, and once slightly closer throwing grenades and firing at her with muskets. At 1.15, Nelson was hit. A lead ball went through an artery in his lung and lodged in his spine; Nelson fell to the ground, mortally wounded. He was rapidly taken below-deck, while his Flag Captain, Thomas Hardy, took over command of the fleet. The crew of Redoubtable tri


Who, in 1811, postulated that 'when at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules'?

Equal Numbers in Equal Volumes: Avogadro Elements and Atoms: Chapter 9 Equal Numbers in Equal Volumes: Avogadro Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856; see portrait at the Edgar Fahs Smith collection, University of Pennsylvania) was an Italian chemist and physicist best known for today for Avogadro's law and Avogadro's number. Avogadro did not discover or determine Avogadro's number; its determination occured late in the 19th century and early in the 20th and it was named in his honor. [ Perrin 1908 ] It is the number of atoms in 1 gram of hydrogen, or equivalently the number of atoms in one mole: 6.022x1023 . This chapter includes Avogadro's law, that equal volumes of gas contain equal numbers of particles, presented as a hypothesis. Combined with Dalton's atomic hypothesis ( chapter 7 ), the law explains Gay-Lussac's observations about combining volumes of gases ( chapter 8 ). Avogadro's ideas removed an important obstacle to the determination of atomic weights by allowing molecular formulas to be determined independently of mass measurements, at least for volatile compounds. I should say that his ideas would have removed that obstacle if they were adopted by other chemists; however, they were not widely accepted for about 50 years, until Stanislao Cannizzaro made them the foundation of a logical and coherent system [ Cannizzaro 1858 ]. from Essay on a Manner of Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies, and the Proportions in Which They Enter into These Compounds Journal de Physique 73, 58-78 (1811), as translated in Alembic Club Reprint No. 4 , (Edinburgh, 1890) I. M. Gay-Lussac has shown in an interesting Memoir (Mémoires de la Société d'Arcueil, Tome II.) that gases always unite in a very simple proportion by volume, and that when the result of the union is a gas, its volume also is very simply related to those of its components. But the quantitative proportions of substances in compounds seem only to depend on the relative number of molecules which combine, and on the number of composite molecules which result. [1] It must then be admitted that very simple relations also exist between the volumes of gaseous substances and the numbers of simple or compound molecules which form them. The first hypothesis to present itself in this connection, and apparently even the only admissible one, is the supposition that the number of integral molecules in any gases [sic] is always the same for equal volumes, or always proportional to the volumes. [2] Indeed, if we were to suppose that the number of molecules contained in a given volume were different for different gases, it would scarcely be possible to conceive that the law regulating the distance of molecules could give in all cases relations as simple as those which the facts just detailed compel us to acknowledge between the volume and the number of molecules. [3] On the other hand, it is very well conceivable that the molecules of gases being at such a distance that their mutual attraction cannot be exercised, their varying attraction for caloric may be limited to condensing the atmosphere formed by this fluid having any greater extent in the one case than in the other, and, consequently, without the distance between the molecules varying; or, in other words, without the number of molecules contained in a given volume being different. Dalton, it is true, has proposed a hypothesis directly opposed to this, namely that the quantity of caloric is always the same for the molecules of all bodies whatsoever in the gaseous state, and that the greater or less attraction for caloric only results in producing a greater or less condensation of this quantity around the molecules, and thus varying the distance between the molecules themselves. [3a] But in our present ignorance of the manner in which this attraction of the molecules for caloric is exerted, there is nothing to decide us à priori in favour of the one of these hypotheses rather than the other; and we should rather be inclined to adopt a neutral hypothesis, which would make the distance between


Which nut or seed is used in the Italian sauce pesto?

Basil Pesto Recipe : Food Network Kitchen : Food Network Cranberry Sauce Recipes 4.5 142 I wasn't a huge fan of this recipe.  I felt it was lacking the flavor other pestos have and I didn't care for the Pecorino cheese. Danielle M. 2016-12-16T16:32:54Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Added an extra clove and more olive oil and it was pretty good.  Anonymous 2016-12-05T01:29:12Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Love this recipe and the fact that it makes a small amount (of course you can double, triple it!).  I too added a bit of lemon juice to brighten it up, other than that, I followed the recipe exactly. Vera C. 2016-09-10T14:09:28Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Delicious! I added a little bit lemon juice to lessen the oily taste of olive. auradee1990 2016-08-07T10:19:19Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Simple Easy Delicious I used fresh basil from my garden, parmesan wow.  Anonymous 2016-07-16T16:19:21Z item not reviewed by moderator and published I made this once before and found it to be quite tasty and easy.  But I made such a large volume I ended up freezing about 2/3 of it.  The fresh portion was excellent, but when I later tried the part I froze, it had changed consistency and was slightly bitter and darker.  So this time, planning to make only a half-recipe, I followed the suggestion to blanch the basil first.  That reduced the volume of my basil drastically, from 1 cup loosely packed leaves to less than 2 Tablespoons!  I adjusted other ingredients down to compensate, but it just didn't turn out well at all. At that volume, I really did need a mortar and pestle, but had none, so I made do with a mallet and plastic wrap.  Won't do that again!  It's edible, but only got enough for a very small snack.  So for those who have blanched their leaves, did you adjust other ingredients to the smaller volume of basil?  And how did you mix it?
 susanr1212 2016-06-24T18:59:08Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Deliciously easy and basic!  And a handsome guy with a great accent walking me thru every step!!  Buon Appetito !! Karen L. 2015-10-11T22:46:30Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Delicious and easy lesley.vereen 2015-08-20T03:28:36Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Bitter. Needs a tweak.  Anonymous 2015-06-20T03:51:01Z item not reviewed by moderator and published growing lots of basil this year....fresh pesto,can't wait! Anonymous 2015-06-13T21:25:34Z item not reviewed by moderator and published
Mush.

 Anonymous 2015-05-18T06:35:10Z item not reviewed by moderator and published There is nothing beautiful about atlantic farm raised salmon!!!   This would be great with wild spring chinook FormerLib 2015-04-12T01:54:58Z item not reviewed by moderator and published
I have never made pesto and thought it was difficult...I came here to see what to do and found it was so easy! Yummy with my meal I was making. Thank you

 Anonymous 2015-03-18T03:27:09Z item not reviewed by moderator and published May I know this recipe can serve how many people?
 Grace Wong 2015-03-08T10:04:14Z item not reviewed by moderator and published This recipe is really great. Seeing some of the other reviews I would like to offer a few suggestions. Always get a good quality olive oil. Unfiltered, Unheated Olive Oil. It's considered raw. It's ok to heat olive oil and won't loose it's taste or go bitter if it's quality. Also, it's important for it to be in a dark bottle so it doesn't go rancid. If Olive Oil is in a clear bottle, there is almost 100% chance that it's rancid. It's so worth it :) Guest 2015-02-09T02:45:53Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Just whipped this up with ingredients I had already. I used walnuts instead of pine nuts and added lemon like other users suggested (reducing the oil). Also I used feta instead of Pecorino which worked well. Definitely on my cooking list from now. Thanks carly.taylor 2015-01-11T11:25:43Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Blanch


Who made his directorial debut with the 1998 film 'Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels'?

Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998) - Guy Ritchie | Review | AllMovie Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998) Directed by Guy Ritchie Genres - Crime   |   Sub-Genres - Crime Comedy , Buddy Film , Caper   |   Release Date - Mar 5, 1999 (USA)  |   Run Time - 105 min.  |   Countries - UK  |   MPAA Rating - R AllMovie Rating twitter Review               by Laura Abraham Guy Ritchie's directorial debut Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels is a work of artistic originality as well as an accurate portrayal of life as an Eastender. A rabid, farcical look at gangsters in East End London, it contains mayhem at the center of every scene and gains additional intensity from the slow-motion technique Ritchie employs in many of his death sequences. Ritchie's manipulation of these sequences forces his audience to experience the full pain of the events by seeing every detail frame by frame, something particularly apparent in the director's handling of the boxing-ring poker game that catalyses the story. A series of different angles and techniques convey the pressure each character at the table is feeling, and the use of slow motion makes it impossible for the audience to ignore the pain and anguish that Eddy (expertly played by Nick Moran ) must feel when he realizes he is losing a lot of money. One major criticism of Lock, Stock, however, is the tired exploitation of Northern people as comic relief; Ritchie's colloquialism-filled script creates the feeling of London's gangster-ridden East End, but the stereotyping of two bumbling Liverpool thieves adds nothing new or creative to British cinema. In general, while the accents make it difficult to pick up much of Ritchie's subtle dialogue, the film is a rollercoaster experience of action, death, and deception that is definitely worth seeing.


A theme park about 22 miles north of Paris is named after which cartoon character?

The World's Best Amusement Parks The World's Best Amusement Parks comments, called-out You might think of amusement parks as being noisy places with overpriced food where your kids want to drag you off to every year–and you’d be right. As any parent knows, enduring amusement parks is as much a part of raising children as braces and funny haircuts. The only thing you can do is suck it up and hope that at least there’s a decent golf course nearby. Amusement parks such as Coney Island, the pier at Santa Monica and even the Atlantic City boardwalk have become iconic symbols of Americana because of their blend of outdoorsy wholesomeness combined with adrenaline thrills, and unhealthy (but tasty) fast food. But most people would be surprised to learn that the oldest operating amusement park in the world is not American but Danish: Bakken, in Klampenborg, Denmark, opened in 1583. The oldest in the U.S. is Lake Compounce in Bristol, Conn., which opened in 1846, according to Susie Story of the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions. Parks are a growing industry, and U.S. parks account for only 54% of the worldwide revenue that, according to New York-based consultant Wilkofsky Gruen Associates, totaled $19 billion in 2001. The most visited park in the world is Tokyo Disneyland, which had over 17 million attendees last year. What makes the global success of theme parks even more surprising is the disastrous debut of Euro Disney in 1992. The French, as usual, practically revolted against the intrusion of American low culture on Gallic soil. But Disney retooled the park to tone down the American-ness, placed the emphasis on the rides and voilà. “Disney toned down the American arrogance, and now it’s just fun,” says Tim O’Brien, a senior editor at Amusement Business Weekly. “They also made it more of a European park than just a French one.” (What does that mean? Serving wine and snails instead of Coke and hot dogs?) Its formula worked so well that Disney just opened a second park there. Romania even has plans to create a Dracula theme park–not in the count’s alleged hometown but in Sighisoara, a city that ponied up free land. Later this year amusement parks will also be opening in such far-flung spots as Tunisia; Guatemala; Anchorage, Alaska; and Gelendjik, Russia. One reason parks are multiplying so quickly is because they’re big business. The average price of a one-day ticket is around $25. Multiply that by a family of four and add Grandma and Grandpa, overpriced food, plush-toy souvenirs, mouse ears and perhaps a night or two in a hotel…and you’re looking at some serious dough. But there are bargains to be found. Many parks offer package deals (with deeper savings on their Web sites), and few people may realize that the cost of a season pass is often just a few dollars more than the price of a one-day ticket. Now if the parks could only do something about the lines. Click on the images below for a description of each park. Busch Gardens With locations in Williamsburg, Va., and Tampa, Fla., Busch Gardens is ideal for people who prefer real animals to people dressed up as them. Both parks have plenty of rides and attractions for white-knuckle thrill seekers, but with an emphasis on nature. Busch Gardens in Tampa has a heavy Africa theme with its Serengeti Plain wildlife area, where elephants, rhinos, zebras and antelope roam over 29 acres. (It’s also the largest zoo in Florida, with over 2,700 animals.) Vistors can zoom around the Serengeti on the Serengeti Express Railway or head to Rhino Rally, where you can go off-roading in an open-air Land Rover and see you know what. Busch Gardens also has several roller coasters, including the Gwazi, which is a wooden, double twist coaster whose trains whiz past each other at 100 mph. The Williamsburg park is known for its nausea-inducing roller coasters. The Apollo’s Chariot ride has nine drops, the first plunging 210 feet (or 21 stories.) The park is divided into nine European “hamlets” that celebrate English, Scottish, German and Italian culture. Since Virginia is too


In Greek myth who was the mother of Oedipus?

Oedipus | Greek mythology | Britannica.com Greek mythology Antigone Oedipus, in Greek mythology , the king of Thebes who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother. Homer related that Oedipus’s wife and mother hanged herself when the truth of their relationship became known, though Oedipus apparently continued to rule at Thebes until his death. In the post-Homeric tradition, most familiar from Sophocles ’ Oedipus Rex (or Oedipus the King) and Oedipus at Colonus, there are notable differences in emphasis and detail. Oedipus and the Sphinx, interior of an Attic red-figured … Album/Oronoz/SuperStock According to one version of the story, Laius, king of Thebes, was warned by an oracle that his son would slay him. Accordingly, when his wife, Jocasta ( Iocaste ; in Homer, Epicaste), bore a son, he had the baby exposed (a form of infanticide ) on Cithaeron . (Tradition has it that his name, which means “Swollen-Foot,” was a result of his feet having been pinned together, but modern scholars are skeptical of that etymology.) A shepherd took pity on the infant, who was adopted by King Polybus of Corinth and his wife and was brought up as their son. In early manhood Oedipus visited Delphi and upon learning that he was fated to kill his father and marry his mother, he resolved never to return to Corinth. The blind Oedipus asks Creon to banish him from Thebes. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Traveling toward Thebes, he encountered Laius, who provoked a quarrel in which Oedipus killed him. Continuing on his way, Oedipus found Thebes plagued by the Sphinx , who put a riddle to all passersby and destroyed those who could not answer. Oedipus solved the riddle, and the Sphinx killed herself. In reward, he received the throne of Thebes and the hand of the widowed queen, his mother, Jocasta. They had four children: Eteocles, Polyneices, Antigone , and Ismene. Later, when the truth became known, Jocasta committed suicide, and Oedipus (according to another version), after blinding himself, went into exile, accompanied by Antigone and Ismene, leaving his brother-in-law Creon as regent. Oedipus died at Colonus near Athens , where he was swallowed into the earth and became a guardian hero of the land. Similar Topics


What is the major ingredient in the curry dish 'Dopiaza'?

Chicken Dopiaza Recipe - Food.com Directions Heat 2 tablespoons oil and fry the halved onions until tender and translucent. Remove and keep aside. Add the remaining oil and saute the bay leaves, cardamom, cloves, chilies and peppercorns. When they crackle, add the chopped onions this time, together with the garlic and ginger, and saute for 3 minutes. Add the ground spices and salt and cook for 3 minutes. Add the water and tomatoes and simmer 5 minutes until sauce starts to thicken. Add the chicken pieces and continue to cook for 12-15 minutes. Add the reserved small halved onions and then cover and cook for a further 8-10 minutes until chicken has cooked through.


Which large island lies off the coast of Los Angeles?

18 foot long oarfish sea creature found off California coast: photo | Daily Mail Online Next Pictured: the 18-foot GIANT fish washed up from the deep off the Southern California coast Huge oarfish found in waters off Santa Catalina Island near Los Angeles needed 16 people to drag it ashore Inspiration for ancient 'sea serpent' legend can grow to 50 feet long and weigh 600 pounds Female snorkeler dragged giant carcass by the tail for more than 75 feet to prove to co-workers she had seen legendary fish floating underwater


Which Edinburgh physicist has given his name to a sub-atomic particle which has not yet been observed?

Sir Tom Kibble, physicist – obituary Sir Tom Kibble, physicist – obituary Sir Tom Kibble Credit: Thomas Angus, Imperial College London 8 June 2016 • 5:23pm Sir Tom Kibble, who has died aged 83, was a leading British particle physicist whose work helped lead to the discovery of the Higgs boson, a sub-atomic particle named after Peter Higgs, the Edinburgh University physicist who in 1964 proposed its existence; when Higgs was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (with Francois Englert) in 2013, he said that Kibble should have been the third person on the podium. The search for the elusive particle began in the 1960s when three groups of scientists, working separately, were trying to build up quantum field theory, a mathematical description of the ways in which electromagnetic and nuclear forces interact at sub-atomic levels, in particular to solve the mystery of why some particles and objects are heavier than others – and why some have no mass at all. Without some mechanism to account for this phenomenon, particles would never have coalesced into the complex structures that we see today, and everything from gorillas to galaxies would not exist. The Higgs boson, or “God Particle” as it also became known, explains how mass was imparted to elementary particles just after the Big Bang, and its discovery would put the final pieces into place for what is known as the Standard Model of particle physics. There were six people involved in publishing scientific papers in this field – Peter Higgs (working alone), the Belgian theoretical physicists François Englert and Robert Brout, working in collaboration, and Kibble, a physicist at Imperial College, London, working with the Americans Gerald Gulanik and Carl Hagen. Englert and Brout published first, in 1964, devising the equations of a mass-giving field that would pervade the cosmos and be consistent with relativity. Shortly afterwards Higgs made the same proposal, and pointed out that ripples in this field would take the form of a new particle. Later that same year, Kibble and his collaborators came to the same conclusion in a paper considered to be the most thorough and complete of the three. Under the rules of the Nobel Prize no more than three living scientists can be given the award. Higgs and Englert were selected because they were the first two to publish (Brout’s death in 2011 meant he was ineligible). Higgs, however, pointed out that Kibble had gone on to perform further valuable independent work, notably publishing a key paper in 1967 in which he showed how the Higgs mechanism can be extended to explain how elementary particles known as the W and Z bosons have mass, whereas photons, which make up light, have none – in other words how the mass-giving mechanism works in the real world. Sir Tom Kibble Credit: Mike Finn-Casey, Imperial College London But the modest Kibble was always dubious about the idea of awards for his work. His son Robert recalled in an interview that his father had seemed excited about only one award he had received – the Nesta award for creative mentoring in science, which he won in 2005. “Our paper was unquestionably the last of the three,” Kibble said, after hearing about the Nobel, “and it is therefore no surprise that the Swedish Academy felt unable to include us, constrained as they are by a self-imposed rule that the prize cannot be shared by more than three people.” Thomas Walter Bannerman Kibble was born on December 23 1932 in Madras, where his father, Professor Walter Kibble, taught Mathematics and Statistics at the Madras Christian College in Tambaram. His maternal grandparents were Helen Bannerman, best known as the author of Little Black Sambo, and William Bannerman, an officer in the Indian Medical Service. Tom Kibble was educated at Doveton Corrie School in Madras, India, then at Melville College, Edinburgh and Edinburgh University, where he read Mathematics and Mathematical Physics. He arrived at Imperial College in 1959, joining the research group founded by Professor Abdus Salam. Over the course of his career Kibble made many other import


Ant & Dec first appeared on TV together in which series?

Ant and Dec - Mirror TV Ant and Dec The cheeky Geordie chappies have been best friends since they first appeared on screen together in children's series Byker Grove. After a pop hit with Let's Get Ready To Rumble as PJ and Duncan, they went on to become the undisputed kings of Saturday night TV on shows like I'm A Celebrity, Britain's Got Talent and Saturday Night Takeaway


In which ballet is there a 'sugar plum fairy'?

Royal Opera Ballet - The Nutcracker - Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy - Ovation - YouTube Royal Opera Ballet - The Nutcracker - Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy - Ovation Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 9, 2010 This production of the beloved Christmas classic features Miyako Yoshida as Clara, swimming through the air as though it were still water. Members of the Royal Opera Ballet inhabit their roles flawlessly with a graceful elegance that brings this production to life. Sets and costumes are sweeping in scope and gorgeous to look at. Audiences will be awestruck as they watch Clara find her Prince in this dazzling imagination-land of sights and sounds. Royal Opera Ballet: The Nutcracker is part of Ovation's Battle of the Nutcrackers Dance Off! Subscribe to Ovation's YouTube - http://bit.ly/OvationSub Watch the latest from Ovation - http://bit.ly/OvationUploads Watch Ovation's most popular videos - http://bit.ly/OvationPopular Like Ovation on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/OvationTV Follow Ovation on Twitter - http://twitter.com/#!/ovationtv Ovation is America's only arts television network, whose mission is to connect the world to all forms of art and artistic expression. Ovation is an independent television and digital media company dedicated to celebrating and supporting all forms of arts and culture. Ovation TV, selectively curates and airs arts-related series, specials, documentaries and films. We also offer viewers an exciting lineup of Ovation original productions. Find Ovation in your area: http://www.ovationtv.com/zipcode Category


Which island lies off the coast of Barrow-in-Furness?

The Furness Peninsula in the County of Cumbria – Visit Cumbria The Furness Peninsula in south west Cumbria area is divided into Low Furness and High Furness.   Low Furness is the peninsula and juts out into the Irish Sea. It delineates the western edge of Morecambe Bay. The southern end of the peninsula is dominated by the bay’s tidal mudflats. The long thin island of Walney lies off the peninsula’s south-west coast.   High Furness is the northern part of the area, that is not on the peninsula itself. Much of it is within the Lake District National Park, and contains the Furness Fells. It borders England’s largest body of water, Windermere .   Additionally, the Cartmel Peninsula is often included in definitions of Furness, though strictly speaking Cartmel is not part of Furness, forming a separate peninsula between the estuaries of the rivers Leven and Kent.   The town of Barrow-in-Furness dominates the region with about 60% of the population. Other principal settlements of the region are Ulverston, Dalton-in-Furness, Coniston, Broughton-in-Furness, and Askam and Ireleth. The population of Furness stands at around 100,000.   The Low Furness Peninsula has been inhabited by people for at least 3,000 years and the history and archaeology add to the influences left by Druids, Romans, Vikings, and the Victorians.   The area has miles of wild and diverse coastline to explore from the endless sands of Bardsea beach to the atmospheric Roa Island and Piel Island. Inland are the limestone pavements, and the heights of Birkrigg Common with its views of Morecambe Bay and of the nearby Lakeland fells.   St Mary and St Michael’s Church at Great Urswick is the oldest church in the Furness area. There is little evidence of Roman inhabitation unlike the north of the county, but tradition has suggested that the church of St Mary & St Michael dates to this time, and may even have been a monastery. Support for this belief is based on the discovery of a Viking cross in 1909,and in 1911 the Tunwinni Cross was found and dated by W.G. Collingwood as 9th Century. These cross fragments are on view inside the Church.   As the border of William the Conqueror’s kingdom moved northwards, the status of Furness became more settled and the latter Middle Ages saw dominance by the monks of Furness Abbey . Furness Abbey was one of the richest Cistercian monasteries in England, exceeded only by Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire. The soaring ruins of red sandstone soak up the grandeur of this 900 year old site. Located in a peaceful valley, the majestic remains of Furness Abbey once housed the flourishing community of a wealthy order.   The Abbey developed a harbour on Walney Island to promote its trade in wool and iron, and built a castle at Piel on a small island off the coast of what is now Barrow for protection. At Dalton in Furness , nearby, is a 14th Century Pele Tower, Dalton Castle , which was used by the Abbey as an administrative centre and court house.   Buildings from this age are in the traditional sandstone of the region, which was later used for the gothic style town hall of Barrow-in-Furness in the Victorian era.   Barrow-in-Furness Town Hall, by W.H. Lynn (1877) The fortunes of Furness changed dramatically in 1840s and 1850s, when William Schneider found iron ore deposits at Dalton-in-Furness. These deposits were spread throughout the Dalton area in Askam, Lindal & Roose as well as Dalton. The Furness Railway was built to transport this ore with the first line running from Kirkby to Dalton, then extended down to Rampside at Barrow-in-Furness, and later extended to Ulverston, and then Lancaster.   The iron ore and steelworks were, at their time, the biggest in the world. The population of Barrow-in-Furness rose from a few families to 47,000 by 1881. Iron and steel soon gave over to shipbuilding in Low Furness, with Barrow’s docks becoming one of the largest in the United Kingdom and submarine development becoming a speciality of the town. The shipyard in Barrow remains England’s only nuclear submarine facility in the country.   The Devonshire Dock


CBRD » Motorway Database » M55 Factfile Images Timeline Exit List Blackpool is busy enough to require a direct motorway connection to the M6 and the wider world, and the M55 is here to do the job. It begins to the north of Preston and runs to the outskirts of Blackpool where traffic is dispersed onto a number of smaller approach roads. During the summer, it's often thick with traffic, and accounts for about half of the traffic load of the M6 around Preston. In winter months it tends to be noticeably quieter. Even so, Blackpool and Preston are large urban centres in their own right, and the motorway remains reasonably well used all through the year. There's no junction 2 on the M55, which was reserved for the Preston Western Bypass. This road was first proposed in the 1950s, and when the M6 was first built it was supposed to be one side of a complete box around the city. The plan reappeared in the 1980s, and eventually was cancelled for good. Its fate was sealed when the M6 Preston Bypass was widened to dual four-lanes instead. The original plan was to extend the M65 to join the M55 at J2, and construct an M59 from the missing junction on the M58 to the south-west of Preston. The Western Bypass, complete with a new crossing of the Ribble, is now back on the cards as a future proposal for a local road to allow Preston's westward expansion. The M55 is perhaps the candidate for most unassuming bit of road to be a crucial part of British motoring history. The section of motorway from the M6 to M55 junction 1 was built as the northernmost part of the Preston Bypass, meaning that it was once Britain's first motorway. Factfile M6 Images Views of the M55 from on and off the road. If you have a photo to contribute, contact me . Eastbound, approaching the M6, the weaving here in the short distance between the merge from junction 1 and the split for the M6 is a sight to behold. The M6 interchange ahead is Britain's first three-level junction. Photo by Steven Jukes Heading westbound between junctions 1 and 3, the road surface looks worn out (perhaps it is original to the motorway). Despite being effectively a spur to the seaside, the M55 was built in the best 1970's tradition with three lanes each way. At the time it opened it was wider than the busiest section of the M5. Photo by Steven Jukes When the various parts of the M55 were built, listed in chronological order. Open


Who was the original presenter of BBC TV's 'A Question of Sport'?

BBC Sport - Question of Sport - The history of the show The history of the show Three with the answers: Vine, Coleman, Barker. A Question of Sport will celebrate its 40th birthday in January 2010 making it the longest running TV quiz show in the UK and possibly the world. Some of the biggest names in British and International sport have appeared on the programme since its early days. In four decades the show has only had three presenters. Here is a potted history of some of the captains, hosts, and stars that have helped to make the show a favourite. The early days The first A Question of Sport aired on 5th January 1970 and was hosted by David Vine. The first team captains were boxer Henry Cooper and Wales rugby union star Cliff Morgan. They were joined by George Best, Ray Illingworth, Lillian Board, and Tom Finney. The Seventies Clockwise from top left: Cliff Morgan and Henry Cooper, Henry Cooper and Brendan Foster. The first change of captaincy occurred in 1977 when Olympic medallist Brendan Foster replaced Cliff Morgan. David Vine hosted the show for five series before moving on to present late-night snooker and Ski Sunday. David Vine was replaced by the sports presenter and commentator, David Coleman. Further changes were made to the team in 1979 as former Liverpool and England star Emlyn Hughes and Welsh rugby hero Gareth Edwards became the new captains. The Eighties Carson's cackles Emlyn and Gareth were the captains for the next three years until 1982. Then, former England rugby union captain Bill Beaumont teamed up with jockey Willie Carson whose distinctive laugh quickly became a trademark. In 1984 Emlyn returned as captain and battled Bill for the next five series. Emlyn's picture board gaffe Princess Anne appeared on the show in 1987 only a week after Emlyn mistook her for a male jockey on the pictureboard! Cricketing icon Ian Botham joined the show in 1989 taking over from Emlyn and the show had two of the most competitive captains in its history. Bill saved by the bell Bill and Beefy became a staple throughout the Nineties running in tandem for eight series. Bill generally had the upper hand and was helped by a very controversial moment. When the pair finally left Bill had clocked up a then record 319 appearances on the show. The Nineties Clockwise from top left: Bill Beaumont and Ian Botham, John Parrott and Ally McCoist. In 1996 it was all change. Scotland and Rangers striker Ally McCoist and former snooker world champion John Parrott became the new captains. David Coleman was in charge for Ally and John's first series. But he retired from the show in May 1997 to be replaced by current host Sue Barker. Ally and John were soon up to no good, mainly at Sue's expense. The Noughties Clockwise from top left: Frankie Dettori, John Parrott, Ally McCoist and Matt Dawson. In 2002 John vacated his seat and Ally and Sue were joined by jockey Frankie Dettori who was a bit better at racing horses than he was at quizzes! With Frankie's continuing success in the saddle he decided to give up the captaincy in 2004 to be replaced by one of England's successful Rugby World Cup winners, Matt Dawson. Frankie's anagram disaster On 18th May 2007 Ally, due to his commitments at Rangers, made his last appearance as a team captain on the show. He had clocked up a record busting 363 appearances. After a brief spell of guest captains, former England cricketer Phil Tufnell was made the permanent replacement for Ally in February 2008 and only the 14th full time team captain. Question of Sport - Ally's best bits To celebrate A Question of Sport¿s 40th birthday in 2010, we will be giving you the chance to nominate your favourite clips and share your memories of the show throughout 2009, so watch this space! Bookmark with:


How is Bristolian Robin Cunningham known in the art world?

Banksy: A Graffiti Artist Unmasked - TIME Follow @TIME For years the graffiti artist known as Banksy has been the art world's Deep Throat: a hugely influential figure whose identity remained shrouded in mystery. Now, like Deep Throat, he has been given a name. Banksy is a 34-year-old native of Bristol, England, named Robin Gunningham, Britain's the Mail on Sunday reported on July 13. The thread that may have unraveled the mystery was a 2004 photograph taken in Jamaica, which many  including photographer Peter Dean Rickards  say is the only known picture of Banksy. (The artist's agent, Steve Lazarides, denied that the photo  which depicts a man in jeans and sneakers crouching above a can of spray paint  is of Banksy. A spokeswoman for the artist declined to confirm or deny the Mail's report.) (See pictures of Banksy's art.) With the picture in tow, the Mail canvassed Bristol, unearthing former acquaintances who identified the man in the photo as Gunningham. A former schoolmate interviewed by the paper recalled that Gunningham was a talented artist, while Luke Egan, an artist who has jointly exhibited with Banksy, told the paper that he shared a Bristol flat with Gunningham in 1998. Asked by the Mail whether Gunningham was Banksy, Egan reportedly replied, "Well, he wasn't then." Gunningham, whose middle-class upbringing bears little resemblance to Banksy's renegade persona, has vanished. (See pictures of Banksy's secret art show.) Since striding onto the scene in the early 1990s, Banksy has vaulted from obscurity to international renown, all the while escaping detection. Among his catalog of greatest hits, Banksy has released an inflatable Guanténamo Bay prisoner doll at Disneyland, depicted England's Queen Elizabeth II as a chimpanzee, tagged the West Bank border fence and sneaked his own Mona Lisa  her inscrutable expression replaced by a yellow smiley face  into the Louvre. "He's kind of captured the zeitgeist," says Gareth Williams, a contemporary-art specialist at Bonhams auction house in London. "But he's done it in quite an accessible way, so it speaks to people." Even for a vandal, going mainstream has its perks: Banksy's handiwork has commanded millions of dollars at auction from acolytes like Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie. (See pictures from inside Guantanamo Bay's detention facilities.) But anonymity has been as crucial a part of Banksy's mythology as irony and wit. "Anything that's ever been written about him centers around the anonymity  that he's this Batman, this cult figure," says Pedro Alonzo, who curated an exhibition in England to which Banksy contributed. But that doesn't necessarily mean being unmasked would hurt Banksy's popularity. The intrigue over his identity has been a "double-edged sword," Alonzo says, since it has occluded the messages bundled in his art. "His work is a call to action. It's about hierarchies of power, social injustice and paying attention to issues that aren't being addressed," he adds. "There could be a bright side to this  the attention being diverted from his identity [could allow] people to really look at his work and consider it." Says Williams: "I don't think the Banksy story ends here." Pinpointing Banksy's identity has long been a popular parlor game, and it's yielded false positives before. Last fall, a passerby in the East London neighborhood of Bethnal Green snapped a camera-phone picture of a man spray-painting a mural later confirmed to be Banksy's. In May, the New York Citybased media blog Gawker suggested that Banksy might be Nick Walker, a British artist who, after being spotted stenciling a mural on the side of a Manhattan restaurant, reputedly told an onlooker that he was the elusive artist. The precision and scope of Banksy's creations have led others to theorize that he may work with a partner or that Banksy serves as the nom de guerre for a group of conspirators. If Banksy has indeed been identified, Williams doesn't think it will puncture Banksy's ballooning sales figures. But Jeffrey Deitch, an art dealer with close ties to legendary graffiti arti


From what is the Japanese sauce wasabi made?

What is Wasabi? (with pictures) What is Wasabi? Last Modified Date: 09 January 2017 Copyright Protected: Top 10 amazing movie makeup transformations When most people think of wasabi, they think of the fiery-hot, greenish paste served with their sushi or sashimi . But they're probably eating extra hot Western horseradish , mixed with some soy sauce , hot Chinese mustard and a little green food coloring . Real wasabi is notoriously difficult to find, and expensive when it is found. Wasabi is sometimes called Japanese horseradish , and its taste is very similar. Real wasabi, called wasabia japonica, is a relative of the watercress family and an elusive little root. Like horseradish, it is a root, or rhizome, and it is grated or sliced for use in cooking. It is difficult to find because it is difficult to grow. It is expensive to buy because it is expensive to grow. This plant has to be nurtured and brought carefully along. It takes about 18 months to reach its mature height of about 14 inches (36 cm). It requires a constant stream of cool water, but not too cool; shade, but not too much shade; and a mild climate. Thus, the United States is not ideal country for growing this plant, except in the Pacific-Northwest, where growers have had some success. It is also grown successfully in New Zealand, as well as in Japan. Ad Sticker shock may seize anyone who buys a genuine wasabi root. A single root may cost $8 to $10 US Dollars (USD), and roots run about $70-$100 USD per pound, depending on where they're grown. Some Asian markets in larger cities may have fresh, genuine wasabi roots for sale, and a shopper will know he has the genuine article by the price tag. When the root is finally secured, it is prepared for eating raw by washing it, trimming any bumpy or scaly parts off with a sharp knife, and then grating it in a circular motion. A fine metal grater, such as a lemon zester, may be used, but gourmands insist on a sharkskin grater, which they say produces a velvety grind. The grated wasabi is gathered into a ball and left to sit for a couple of minutes, to allow the heat and flavor to develop, then it is eaten. The traditional use is to eat it with sushi or sashimi, but it also may be used to flavor mustard or mayonnaise , as a meat sauce, or in salad dressings. For those who simply cannot afford the genuine root, most cooks say the wasabi powder available in supermarkets will work nearly as well as the wasabia japonica. Ad serenesurface Post 7 I think it's an over-exaggeration that all the wasabi in the US is fake. If it's not very cheap, it's real. The wasabi at all high-end Japanese restaurants is also real. If you want to confirm it, ask for your wasabi freshly grated. Avoid cheap wasabi powders at stores if you can. ysmina Post 6 @kilorenz-- It is noticeable. Real wasabi tastes a little different and once you've eaten it, you can tell them apart. Also, real wasabi is not a bright green paste. It's a pale green and if it has been recently grated, it's apparent. SarahGen Post 5 I can't believe I've been fooled all this time about wasabi. How can they label horseradish as wasabi?! Are those wasabi peas and nuts made from horseradish too? I love those snacks. Where can I find the real stuff? JaneAir Post 4 @dautsun - I think most people probably don't know that the wasabi served in sushi restaurants isn't "real" wasabi. It's labeled wasabi on most menus, so how would anyone know that unless they had eaten the other kind of wasabi before? I imagine it would be a big disappointment though, if you were expecting "real" wasabi and got the American version. dautsun Post 3 @bigblind - Thanks for explaining that! I'm a huge fan of (what I thought was) wasabi. I like it on sushi, but I also like edamame wasabi. It's so funny because I'm not usually a fan of spicy food, but the first time I tried wasabi I just loved it! I feel like it's almost a different kind of spiciness than other spicy food we serve in the US. It's so funny that all this time I've really been eating flavored horseradish with food coloring. I'm so glad I know wh


In which ballet is Swanhilde jealous of a mechanical doll?

Coppelia Living doll dances to delight Coppelia The  Russian State Ballet of Siberia Wolverhampton Grand ****   BALLET is always something of a treat and first impressions of the  opening of Coppelia did not disappoint. The dancers stand immobile for a  few seconds before bursting into life. With  bright, colourful costumes and a young and chirpy troupe, the Russian  State Ballet of Siberia (Krasnoyarsk State Ballet which was founded in  1978), brings this most popular of all comic ballets to Wolverhampton Grand as part of a UK  tour.   The romantic attachment  between Franz (Kirill Bulychev) and mischievous Swanilde (Elena  Pogorelaya) quickly becomes apparent when she playfully showers him with  a watering can! However, she is jealous and  unsettled when Franz becomes enchanted by a beautiful girl who is  sitting reading at a nearby window; little do they know that she is  merely a doll (played by Yana Tugeva) who has been animated by her maker  Dr. Coppelius'. Nevertheless, while dancing  with townspeople - including the Burgomeister (danced by Kirikk Bogdanov)  and other local characters and  friends, Swanhilde is able to forget her  anxieties. When the inventor Dr.  Coppelius (ably portrayed by Alexander Kuimov) leaves his home to go  drinking at a tavern and drops his door key, Swanhilde picks it up and  creeps into his workshop with her friends while Franz climbs in through  a window. The young people discover several of his automatons and switch  them on. STRENGTH AND VERSATILITY Swanhilde and the girls are  astonished to realize that Coppelia is not real but when Dr. Coppelius  returns, she hides by taking the doll's place. You have to admire Elena  Pogorelaya's stamina as the role of Swanhilde requires strength and  versatility - it has to incorporate a lot of dancing through from stiff  doll-like movements to graceful pas de deux.  Nevertheless, the inventor's  deepest desire - to bring Coppelia to life using Franz' life force –  comes to nothing when the couple escape together. In the final act, Swanhilde  and the energetic Franz's wedding is celebrated by the whole village  which gives the company an opportunity to showcase their skills through  a series of symbolic dances (divertissements) signifying Prayer, Dance  etc. leading up to the final pas de deux. Sergei Bobrov is the artistic  director and Alexander Yudasin conducts this ballet which includes lots  of mime while Delibes' music introduces folk dances like mazurka and  czardas.  The bright costumes, sparkling tutus and Dr. Coppelius'  shimmering, billowing cloak all add to the entertainment value.   Coppelia may not have the wow  factor of Swan Lake and the Nutcracker, but it is charming and well-told  fantasy in which everyone should find something to enjoy.   For the Wolverhampton leg of  their tour of the UK, the Russian State Ballet of Siberia is perform  three different ballets opening with an afternoon performance of The  Nutcracker on Sunday, 17 Feb, Coppelia on 18 Feb and finally Swan Lake  on 19 Feb, 2013. Laura Ginesi And a second movement . . . *** THE Russian ballet  dancers from Siberia brought a warm glow to the Grand with their  performance of this classic story of love and confusion over a  beautiful life-size mechanical doll. It featured some outstanding  dancing to the choreography of Alexander Gorsky and Gennady Malkhasiants,  with Delibes' beautiful score played by the company's orchestra,  conducted by Alexander Yudasin. The light-hearted ballet is  set in a quaint 19th century village, Galicia, where the eccentric  toymaker Dr Coppelius has produced a doll so realistic he treats it as  his daughter. Yana Tugaeva played the  magical Coppelia, and thrilled the audience with her clever dancing,  while Kirill Bulychev impressed as villager Franz who upsets his  girlfriend, Swanilda (the delightful Elena Pogorelaya) by making eyes at  the doll. And that is where the main  fault of the production came to light. In the fai


In the current series of car registration plates (2 letters, a 2 digit number then 3 letters), which was the first 2 digit number to be used?

History of Number Plates | Registration and Car Number Plate History Login/Register History of Number Plates This article focuses on the history of GB Mainland number plates. Interested in the History of Irish Number Plates ? At the beginning of the century, with mechanically propelled vehicles increasing in number, and accidents occurring more frequently, it became apparent that a means of identifying cars had become necessary. The solution was The Motor Car Act 1903. From 1st January 1904 it become compulsory for every motorcar to be registered with a number plate. This came about 5 years after Dutch authorities first introduced the idea to the world. The first mark to be issued in London was the simple, bold, A1 and this was registered to Earl Russell. He wanted the mark so badly he camped out all night to secure it, making him not only the first registrant but also the inventor of the idea of having a distinctive, personalised or cherished plate on a vehicle. Since then, the registration system has changed 4 times to accommodate the ever-growing demand for vehicle registrations. Interesting fact: Our Director Des currently has O 11 on his vehicle, which dates back to 1903 and was originally issued in Birmingham Let's take a look at the different number plate systems that have come into play over the years... Dateless 1903-1963 The first plates issued were dateless, that is, there was nothing to denote the year of issue. This system lasted for an incredible 60 years. Initially, the marks were made up of a local council identifier code of up to 3 letters, followed by a random number, e.g. ABC 123. In the early 1950s, as numbers started to run out, the components were reversed, giving rise to registrations in the format 123 ABC. In 1920 The Roads Act was passed that made a few minor changes to the number plate system. Up until this time, there was nothing to stop authorities having two registers, one for cars and one for motorcycles. This meant that it was possible for a car and a motorcycle in the same area to have the same plate. The 1920 act put a stop to this and ensured that all authorities had one single register for all vehicles. Also, up until 1920, if a vehicle moved from one area to another, it would lose the plate and receive a new one in the new area, the old plate being reassigned to another vehicle. It was decided that this was simply too confusing and inconvenient, so this practice was stopped by the 1920 Roads Act. Not surprisingly, all the dateless registrations are now in high demand, especially short combinations such as O 11 which is worth in excess of £95,000. The high price tag is due to the single letter and the fact that it only has 3 characters in total. Suffix 1963 - 1983 By 1963, a number of local councils had run out of registrations, even by adding extra digits and reversing them. As a result of this, the Suffix system was introduced, a letter indicating the year of registration being added at the end of the plate, which until then had comprised only 3 letters followed by 3 numbers. Thus, 1963 plates had the format AAA 111A, 1964 plates AAA 111B and so on. This was the first change to a system that had been set up in 1903 when there were far fewer cars on the roads. Since then the administration of the system has turned into a massive task. Everything was done manually and locally. Police checks on vehicle records were time consuming and labour intensive. There were also delays with registrations and the public were not happy with having to wait. So in 1963, as well as a revamp of the system, thought started to be given to utilising some modern technology, namely, computers to create a centralised system. This system would be nine years in the planning! Since 1903 the design of the physical plates had gone through a few changes but the most significant was in 1973 when all newly registered vehicles were required to have reflective style number plates, with black letters on a white background at the front, and on a yellow background at the rear. Older style plates, with white or silver letter


Who introduces the weekly folk music show on Radio 2 every Wednesday evening at 7 00pm?

R2ok/Radio 2 timeline related events of the year and photos from the decade 30 Sept 1967 at 5.30am, Radio 2 and Radio 1 first broadcast, on 1500M and 247M respectively. Radio 2 was first introduced by Paul Hollingdale 'This is BBC Radio 2, the Light Programme and on 1500 metres Long Wave and VHF and Radio 1 on 247metres, good morning this is Paul Hollingdale on this opening day on Radio 1 and Radio 2 welcoming you to Breakfast Special ......' The first record played was The Sound Of Music, Julie Andrews. The George Martin Theme One signature music was used for both Radio 2 and 1 but soon there was a Radio 2 jingle with it's emphasis on 'easy' listening. Radio 2 and Radio 1 often shared frequencies when the programmes were the same on both stations. Robin Scott is the first controller of Radio 2 (and 1) In 1967 shows on Radio 2 included: John Dunn presented Breakfast Special, later Ray Moore Jimmy Young's show 9.55-12 noon was on Radios 1 & 2 Midday Spin 12 - 1.00pm featured different DJ's during the week, including Kenny Everett, Simon Dee, Duncan Johnson and Stuart Henry. In December Tony Brandon replaced Duncan Johnson. Radio 2's evening shows were shared with Radio 1, and included - Monday's 'Country Style presented by David Allan - Wednesday's My Kind of Folk - Saturday's Country Meets Folk was broadcast live from Charing Cross Playhouse London presented by Wally Whyton - and the live Jazz Club was presented by Humphrey Lyttelton from venues around Britain. Late Night Extra presenters included Bob Holness, Pete Myers, Barry Alldis, Mike Lennox, Terry Wogan Big Band Show 1.00 - 1.55pm was varied: - on Mondays Dave Cash - on Tuesdays Keith Fordyce presented Pop Inn - on Wednesdays Denny Piercy presented Parade Of The Pops - on Thursdays Pop North was first presented by Ray Moore, later by Dave Lee Travis - on Fridays the Joe Loss Show was presented by David Hamilton, Tony Hall, Roger Moffat At weekends there were a lot of shows broadcast on both R1 and R2: SATURDAY PROGRAMMES included: 8.32 Junior Choice (formerly Children's Favourites' on the Light Programme) presented by Leslie Crowther 10.00 Max Jaffa and Sandy MacPherson presented 'Melody Time' Note: 10.00 Saturday Club with Keith Skues was possibly only on Radio 1 - a showcase for new and established artists (had started 1958 on the Light Programme as Saturday Skiffle Club) formerly presented by Brian Matthew 1.00pm Jack Jackson (comedy clips from albums and easy listening music) 2.00 Chris Denning Where It's At 3.00 'Pick of What's New', presenters included Pete Murray, Ed Stewart, Don Moss, Keith Skues, Jonathan King and Dave Lee Travis (Radio 1 & 2) 4.00 Pete Brady(Radio 1 & 2) 5.30 Country Meets Folk(Radio 1 & 2) 6.32 Scene & Heard news items, pop press review, interviews and looking at a current LP. This programme was often rescheduled to different times and days.(Radio 1 & 2) 10.00 Pete�s People (Pete Murray)(Radio 1 & 2) 12.05 Night Ride (Radio 1 & 2) on the first SUNDAY, 1st October, Ed Stewart's Sunday show at 10.00am Happening Sunday which lasted 7 weeks later the regular SUNDAY PROGRAMMES included 9.00 Junior Choice (Radio 1 & 2) - originally Leslie Crowther 10.00 Melodies For You presented by Eric Robinson (Radio 2 only) 12.00 Family Favourites (Radio 1 & 2) also Wakey! Wakey! a Sunday lunchtime show with Billy Cotton, his band and friends and later shows included Jazz Scene, David Jacobs and Night Ride. Also in 1967, 2.00 - 3.00pm Woman's Hour weekdays Be My Guest presented by Brian Matthew Night Ride presented by John Curle Round The Horne with Kenneth Horne Record Roundabout with Jack Jackson Album Time with Brian Matthew Top Of The Form school quiz Does The Team Think? Cliff Richards presented a Be My Guest show Katie Boyle presented Pop Over Europe Hubert Gregg presented A Square Deal Alan Keith presented Your Hundred Best Tunes Humphrey Lyttelton presented Best Of Jazz Sheridan Morley presented Late Night Line-Up (till 1975) Kenneth Williams presented An International Cabaret from Talk Of the Town, London Nov quiz show Treble Chance (ninth seri


What name is given to scouts aged between 6 and 8 years old?

A to Z of Scouting A to Z of Scouting Jobs A to Z of Scouting Terms Activity badges – Specialist optional badges that extend a young person’s interest or skills. Air scouts – Branch of scouts that has a clear focus on air activities in their programme. Akela – Traditional name used in some cub packs for the cub scout leader. Akela is the Leader of the wolf pack in Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book. Baden-Powell – Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941) was the founder of the scout movement. Be Prepared – The motto of The Scout Association originally introduced by Baden-Powell. Beaver scout – An invested member of the movement aged between 6 and 8 years. Chief scout – The chief scout leads Scouting in the UK. The present chief scout is Bear Grylls. Colony – The name given to a grouping of beaver scouts. County – Geographical area in England and Northern Ireland which provides administrative support to scout districts and groups - In Wales, counties are called Areas. Cub scout – An invested member of the movement aged between 8 and 10½ years. District – A collection of scout groups within an identifiable boundary, led by a district commissioner. District badge – A badge worn by members of each scout district to identify where they come from. L Leader – All adults who run or help run a section are called leaders. Left handshake – A special handshake used by most scouts across the world as an act of friendship. This goes back to when Baden-Powell was a soldier in Africa. He saw a large number of tribal chiefs who carried spears and shields and noticed that it was a sign of great trust to offer your left hand when shaking hands. This was because you had to put down your shield and yet leave the other person holding a spear. Membership award - This is the award given to members upon their investiture into a section. Motto – The motto of Scouting is ‘Be Prepared.’ S Scarf – Coloured neckerchief worn by Members. Scarves clearly identify members with a particular scout group, district or county/area. Scout - An invested member of the movement aged between 10½ and 14 years. This is also a generic term used to describe any member of the scout movement. Scout active support – Formed at group, district, county/area or national level, scout active support units are groups of adults aged 18+ who provide active support to Scouting. Scout group – A number of sections that are united by the same group name. Traditionally scout groups consist of a beaver colony, cub pack and scout troop but combinations of these or multiple sections are possible. Scout information centre – Located at Gilwell Park, the scout information centre is a one stop-shop for members wishing to obtain Scouting information, resources and merchandise. Tel: 0845 300 1818 or email: info.centre@scout.org.uk Scout law - The code which all members of the movement follow. (There is no formal beaver scout law; the concepts expressed in the scout law are presented to Beavers through games, storytelling and other activities.) Scout Shops Ltd. – The Scout Shops Ltd. website – www.scouts.org.uk/shop - stocks products from scarves and woggles and other uniform to camping equipment and souvenirs and toys. Seconder – This is a cub scout who assists a sixer with the running of a Six in the Cub Pack. Section – This is a unit of a scout group or district – beaver scouts, cub scouts, scouts, explorer scouts and the scout network. Six/Sixer - In cub scout packs, young people are often grouped in sixes, which are lead by a sixer, who is a cub scout that has more experience and helps look after the cubs in their six.


Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932) was famous for her work in which field?

Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932) - Great British Gardens Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932) Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932) Gertrude Jekyll is well known to many enthusiastic gardeners and landscape designers alike. She was held in high esteem by the gardening world earlier this century, when she was acknowledged for her extensive design work, alone and in partnership with Sir Edwin Lutyens, the architect. This successful partnership, with each influencing the other, resulted in one hundred Lutyens/Jekyll designs and greatly contributed to the English way of life. Gertrude Jekylls’ influence on modern day landscaping can be attributed to the firm principles she laid down regarding garden design and planting schemes. She believed passionately in the understanding of beauty in the natural landscape and strived to create it in her work. Her dedication, industriousness, and no-nonsense approach were all aspects of her philosophy which led to the creation of some memorable garden design. Although few modern gardens could accommodate an authentic Jekyll design, any gardener could study and adapt her colour schemes to suit their own garden space and time constraints. Gertrude loved gardening for beautiful effect and is best known for huge herbaceous borders with colour schemes running from cold ( white, blue ) to hot ( orange, red ) and back to cold again. She was a formidable plants-woman, who experimented with plants in her own garden at Munstead Wood in Surrey before recommending them to anyone. She taught the value of ordinary plants familiar to gardeners today, Hostas, Bergenias, Lavender and old fashioned roses. Gertrude Jekyll concentrated her design work on applying plants in a variety of settings, woodland gardens, water gardens and herbaceous borders always striving to achieve the most natural effect. She had an artists eye for colour and contrasted plant textures to great effect. Any garden was treated as a whole with sections within, but each part complimenting the other. Gertrude Jekyll became involved in gardening relatively late in life, having been instructed by doctors to abandon her main passions, painting and embroidery, due to severe and progressive myopia. She channelled her creativity into gardening, having a background of knowledge and love of the subject which had developed since childhood. Gertrude became a prolific designer, completing around 350 commissions in England and America, executed without leaving her home, but by often extensive correspondence with her clients. Gertrude Jekylls’ design principles were simple but effective. Architecture was the main frame work of the garden, with hard landscape features to display certain plants. Her feeling for the correct use of materials in design, respect for craftsmanship and understanding and implementation of planting schemes has left a lasting legacy for gardeners to enjoy today. Sarah Topp is a garden designer based in Wiltshire. She studied garden design at Merrist Wood College, Surrey and can be contacted via her website www.toppdesigns.co.uk


Which was the last space shuttle to fly, completing its last mission in July 2011?

Complete Coverage: Final Flight Of Nasa's Space... Atlantis' Crew Leaves the Shuttle July 21, 2011 07:14am ET After gliding to a smooth landing at 5:57 a.m. EDT, the shuttle astronauts worked through a checklist with Mission Control to safe the vehicle on the ground. Atlantis' four astronauts, commander Chris Ferguson, pilot Doug Hurley, and mission specialists Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim, have all exited the vehicle now as ground teams continue their work at the Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility. The astronauts are now being greeted by NASA officials, including administrator Charles Bolden, shuttle launch director Mike Leinbach and Lori Garver, the agency's deputy administrator. The four crewmembers will have the opportunity to walk around their vehicle and soak in the moment with other members of the shuttle program. --Denise Chow TOUCHDOWN! Atlantis Lands for the Final Time July 21, 2011 05:57am ET CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- The space shuttle Atlantis glided down to Earth and slowed to a stop here on the runway of the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The orbiter arrived less than an hour before dawn, heralding the end of the 30-year space shuttle program. Four astronauts returned to Earth aboard the spaceship, which flew the 135th shuttle mission, called STS-135. --Clara Moskowitz Shuttle Atlantis in Home Stretch July 21, 2011 05:36am ET CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- The space shuttle Atlantis is just 25 minutes away from touching down here at the Kennedy Space Center in the last shuttle landing ever. The orbiter is plunging its way through Earth's atmosphere, and is approaching the point of maximum heat on re-entry. Atlantis is currently approaching the coast of Central America. --Clara Moskowitz Atlantis Begins Descent Back to Earth July 21, 2011 04:53am ET CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- The space shuttle Atlantis has performed a de-orbit burn to come out of Earth orbit and begin the descent back to the ground, where it will touch down here at Kennedy Space Center. The shuttle is a little more than an hour away from its final landing, slated for 5:56 a.m. EDT (0956 GMT). --Clara Moskowitz Atlantis "Go" for De-Orbit Burn July 21, 2011 04:18am ET CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Mission Control gave the space shuttle Atlantis a "go" to conduct a de-orbit burn of its engines at 4:49 a.m. ET (0849 GMT) to begin the descent down to Earth. --Clara Moskowitz Weather 'Go' For Final Shuttle Landing July 21, 2011 04:00am ET CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- The weather here at Kennedy Space Center is "go" for landing today, capcom Charlie Hobaugh told Atlantis' commander Chris Ferguson. The shuttle is about an hour away from making a "de-orbit burn" of its engines to initiate re-entry. --Clara Moskowitz Astronauts Awake for Landing Day July 20, 2011 09:39pm ET CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- The four astronauts aboard shuttle Atlantis' final mission awoke to begin their landing day today at 9:29 p.m. EDT (0129 GMT Thursday). The wakeup song today was Kate Smith's rendition of Irving Berlin's "God Bless America." "What a classic patriotic song," Ferguson said. "So appropriate for what will likely be the shuttle's final day in orbit. Thank you to America for supporting this program, and we'll see you in a few short hours hopefully." The shuttle is slated to land Tuesday (July 21) at 5:56 a.m. EDT (0956 GMT). --Clara Moskowitz Shuttle Crew Goes to Sleep for Last Night in Space July 20, 2011 01:48pm ET CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla.-- The space shuttle Atlantis astronauts have gone to bed for their last sleep in orbit before landing tomorrow at Kennedy Space Center here. Commander Chris Ferguson took time out to mention a significant anniversary. "Forty-two years ago today Neil Armstrong walked on the moon." Ferguson said. "I consider myself fortunate that I was there to actually remember the event. I think there was probably a lot of folks in that room who didn’t have that privilege or honor." The spaceflyers are scheduled to land Thursday (July 21) at 5:56 a.m. EDT (0956 GMT). --Clara Moskowitz Atlantis Deploys Final Satellite in Space Shutt


In which country were the boxing Klitschko brothers born?

Klitschko brothers: In Kiev with the boxing world's toughest heavyweights | Daily Mail Online comments They’re the giant heavyweight champions of the world yet the Klitschkos have PhDs, play chess and are going into politics (but are still scared of their mum...) Vitali Klitschko (right), 40, and his brother Wladimir (left), 36, have dominated the boxing world's heavyweight division for nearly a decade In the bitter cold of the Ukraine winter a Ferrari glides to a stop outside the Serebro nightclub. It joins a fleet of Bentleys, Hummers and Range Rovers, out of which a seemingly endless procession of women draped in furs emerge to a barrage of photographic flashes. They cluster around the doorway to one of the most expensive and exclusive nightclubs in Kiev, the capital of a nation awash with oil, money – and corruption. Suddenly the throng parts as the hulking frame of Vitali Klitschko moves through with speed and purpose. As well as brawn (Vitali is 6ft 7in tall, Wladimir is 6ft 6in) they have brains In the ring, the current World Boxing Council champion is known as Dr Ironfist, because he is the only champion, apart from his brother, to have a PhD (in sports science). I fall in behind his hatchet-faced bodyguards and we disappear into the heart of the club, passing by the actor Jean Claude Van Damme, who’s sitting with a brunette slurping chilled vodka on ice. Vitali gives me a smile as he steps in front of a TV camera. This is the post-premiere party for Klitschko, a documentary about Vitali, 40, and his brother Wladimir, 36, who have dominated the sport’s heavyweight division for nearly a decade. It is a homecoming for the fabled brothers and a return to their roots after glory-filled careers that see them both sitting on sizeable fortunes. But the story of the Klitschkos is not as straightforward as it seems. As well as brawn (Vitali is 6ft 7in tall, his brother 6ft 6in) they have brains. They turned down flamboyant boxing promoter Don King and instead run their own multi-million-pound empire. They are obsessive chess players, studying tactics and strategy, which they then employ in the boxing ring. And now Vitali wants to run for mayor of Kiev, something potentially more dangerous than when he was left blooded in his fight with Lennox Lewis, who was then the undisputed world champion. ‘Ukrainian politics is dangerous,’ he says. ‘But I know better than anyone that without a fight, there is no victory.’ ‘They are not just men,’ says one man at the party. ‘For us Ukrainians, they are gods.’ Standing next to Wladimir Klitschko is like being in the shadow of a huge oak tree. Dr Steelhammer, as he is also known, shakes my hand in his huge paw. Wladimir (left) and Vitali posing with handguns in 1999. 'Your brother gives you extra strength. I look in his eyes and know exactly what he is thinking. But we never hug each other,' said Wladimir The current world champion (57 wins, 3 losses), he holds the World Boxing Organisation, World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federations and International Boxing Organisation titles simultaneously. The same hands, according to boxing experts, deliver the most powerful blows of any heavyweight ever. Vitali, meanwhile, is the current WBC heavyweight world champion, and holds the second best knockout-to-fight ratio in heavyweight boxing history, after Rocky Marciano. He also heads his own political party, ‘UDAR of Vitali Klitschko’. The young Klitschkos (Vitali is on the left). Despite a difference of four years, they may as well be twins We settle in the side room of a gloomy, post-Soviet hotel in downtown Kiev. Despite a difference of four years, the brothers may as well be twins. ‘Our opponents do not know our secret weapon,’ says Vitali. ‘Even with one person in the ring they are fighting two people, and together we are twice as strong. 'Your brother gives you extra strength. I look in his eyes and know exactly what he is thinking,’ says Wladimir. ‘But we never hug each other.’ Their differing boxing styles are reflective of their different personalities. Vitali fights in bla