What was the autobiography of the first president of non-Apartheid South Africa called?

Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela (Created by Michelle L. Bolden, History 135,  July 1998)   Assignment   What combination of policies and events caused the previously nonviolent Nelson Mandela to reverse his position in order to gain multi-racial democracy for South Africa?   Background   Nelson Rohihlahia (stirring up trouble) Mandela was born on 18 July 1918, near Umtata, in the Transkei region of South Africa.  His father was Chief Henry Mandela of the Tembu Tribe.  Mandela was trained to become the next chief to rule his tribe, but he was also a determined student and eventually joined an all black college, Fort Hare, where he was expelled for joining a student boycott.  He later obtained an arts degree in Johannesburg and studied law at the University of Witwatersrand.   Before apartheid,  South Africa had a long history of racial segregation.  In 1910 parliamentary membership was limited to whites, and legislation was passed in 1913 to restrict ownership of land by blacks.  The African National Congress (ANC) had been formed in 1910 to fight these policies.  In 1944, the ANC President Alfred B. Xuma started recruiting younger and more outspoken members like Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela, the first members of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL).   In 1949, the Programme of Action was written by the ANCYL and adopted by the ANC which advocated boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience and noncooperation to achieve its goals.  Mandela also co-authored the "ANCYL programme", which called for full citizenship, direct parliamentary representation, land redistribution, trade union rights, education and cultural equality for all South Africans.  This was followed by the Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws in 1952, calling for mass disobedience starting with volunteers and involving more and more ordinary people.  Mandela traveled the country organizing resistance to discriminatory legislation, often referred to as the "Black Pimpernal" by the press because of the disguises he used to avoid police.  Mandela was arrested for these actions and convicted of contravening the Suppression of Communism Act.  He was given a suspended sentence, prohibited from gatherings and confined to Johannesburg for six months.  It was during this confinement that Mandela passed the attorney's admissions examination, and he and his long time friend, Oliver Tambo, opened the country's first black law partnership with the help of Walter Sisulu.   Apartheid had become the official political policy in 1948, which caused membership in the ANC to greatly increase.  After the Sharpville massacre in 1960, when police killed 69 and wounded 180 unarmed African pass protesters, Mandela convinced the nonviolent ANC to form a military wing, known as Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), which soon launched a campaign of sabotage against the government.  At the same time, the government banned all black political organizations to include the ANC and kept a close watch on Mandela.  In 1962, Mandela left the country to train militarily. Upon his return, he was arrested for leaving the country and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and two years later sentenced to life for treason and sabotage in the Rivonia Trial.  (It has been alleged by many--though never conclusively proven--that the CIA tipped off the South African government about Mandela being out of the country and that this is how the government knew when and where to arrest him upon his return in 1962.  The evidence includes London newspaper reports in The Guardian on 15 August 1986 and The Times on 4 August 1986.)  By the end of the 1960s, opponents to apartheid were being arrested at the rate of 600,000 per year.   Nelson Mandela spent 1964 to 1982 incarcerated in the maximum security prison on Robben Island, then moved to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town and finally to Victor Verster Prison near Paarl.   Mandela's reputation grew steadily during his prison years, and he was often looked up to by fellow inmates.  The government often offered Mandela a pardon if he would settle down in Transke


Which terrorist group murdered Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro?

US envoy admits role in Aldo Moro killing - Telegraph World News US envoy admits role in Aldo Moro killing Aldo Moro, the former Italian prime minister, who was seized at gunpoint by the Red Brigades in 1978  By Malcolm Moore in Rome 12:01AM GMT 11 Mar 2008 An American envoy has claimed that he played a critical role in the fate of Aldo Moro, the former Italian prime minister who was murdered by terrorists in 1978. Steve Pieczenik, an international crisis manager and hostage negotiator in the State Department, said that Moro had been "sacrificed" for the "stability" of Italy. In a new book called We Killed Aldo Moro, Mr Pieczenik said he was sent to Italy by President Jimmy Carter on the day that Moro was kidnapped by the Red Brigades, a far-Left terrorist group. Moro, who had been prime minister for a total of more than five years between 1963 and 1976, was snatched at gunpoint from his car in Rome. Related Articles Sting nets Moro kidnapper 18 Jan 2004 He had been heading to parliament for a crucial vote on a ground-breaking alliance he had proposed between the Christian Democrat Party and the Italian Communist Party. The alliance enraged both sides of the political spectrum in Italy, and also upset both Moscow and Washington. Moro's widow, Eleonora, later said Henry Kissinger had warned her husband against his strategy. "You will pay dearly for it," he is alleged to have said. Mr Pieczenik said he was part of a "crisis committee" headed by Francesco Cossiga, the interior minister. Moro was held for 54 days. Mr Pieczenik said the committee was jolted into action by the fear that Moro would reveal state secrets in an attempt to free himself. A false statement, attributed to the Red Brigades, was leaked saying that Moro was dead. Mr Pieczenick said that this had a dual purpose; to prepare the Italian public for the worst, and to let the Red Brigades know that the state would not negotiate for Moro, and considered him already dead. The following month, Moro was shot and placed in the back of a car in central Rome, midway between the headquarters of the Communist Party and the Christian Democrats. In a documentary on French television last weekend, Mr Cossiga admitted the committee had taken the decision to release the false statement.


General Boris Gromov was the last Soviet soldier to leave where in 1989?

Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan By BILL KELLER, SPECIAL TO THE NEW YORK TIMES OSCOW --  The last Soviet soldier came home from Afghanistan this morning, the Soviet Union announced, leaving behind a war that had become a domestic burden and an international embarrassment for Moscow. The final Soviet departure came on the day set as a deadline by the Geneva accords last April. It left two heavily armed adversaries, the Kremlin-backed Government of President Najibullah and a fractious but powerful array of Muslim insurgents, backed by the United States and Pakistan, to conclude their civil war on their own. Lieut. Gen. Boris V. Gromov, the commander of the Soviet forces in Afghanistan, walked across the steel Friendship Bridge to the border city of Termez, in Uzbekistan, at 11:55 A.M. local time (1:55 A.M., Eastern time), 9 years and 50 days after Soviet troops intervened to support a coup by a Marxist ally. 'Our Stay Ends' "There is not a single Soviet soldier or officer left behind me," General Gromov told a Soviet television reporter waiting on the bridge. "Our nine-year stay ends with this." Today's final departure is the end of a steady process of withdrawal since last spring, when Moscow says, there were 100,300 Soviet troops in Afghanistan. At the height of the Soviet commitment, according to Western intelligence estimates, there were 115,000 troops deployed. This morning, as the last armored troop carriers rumbled home across the border, a Soviet newspaper carried the first report of atrocities committed in the war by the nation's military forces. Massacre and Cover-Up The weekly Literaturnaya Gazeta described the killing of a carload of Afghan civilians, including women and children, and the order by a commander to cover it up. The article was a foretaste of recriminations expected in the months ahead. The war cost the Soviet Union roughly 15,000 lives and undisclosed billions of rubles. It scarred a generation of young people and undermined the cherished image of an invincible Soviet Army. Moscow's involvement in Afghanistan was often compared to the American experience in the Vietnam War, in which more than 58,000 Americans died. The Soviet intervention, which received international condemnation, cast a pall over relations with China, the Muslim world and the West. It led to an American trade embargo and a Western boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow. Western reporters flown to Termez to witness the finale said the ceremony at the border was one of festive relief at the homecoming. Today, there were no obvious second thoughts expressed about the venture. "The day that millions of Soviet people have waited for has come," General Gromov said to an army rally in Termez, Reuters reported. "In spite of our sacrifices and losses, we have totally fulfilled our internationalist duty." Token of Official Esteem The official press agency Tass said the Defense Ministry presented all of the returning soldiers with wristwatches. Yet in contrast with the joy at leaving Afghanistan, Soviet press reports told of insurgents massing outside Kabul, the Afghan capital, and other major cities, and of Afghan Army regulars deserting in droves. The reports seemed intended to brace the public for the possibility that defeat would follow retreat. Vadim Perfilyev, a Soviet Foreign Ministry spokesman, described the situation in Kabul today as "relatively calm" but said the guerrillas continued to gather reinforcements around the main cities and along the highway to the Soviet Union. Perfilyev said 160 trucks bearing food and fuel reached Kabul safely on Tuesday to relieve shortages in time for an expected siege. He added that aircraft were still ferrying supplies into airports at Kabul, Kandahar and Mazar-i-Sharif. A Few Advisers and Guards An estimated 250 Soviet civilians were believed to have stayed on at the Soviet Embassy in Kabul after the troops left. Perfilyev said he did know how many military advisers, "if any," were still in Afghanistan. The official who negotiated the Gene


Which politician's wife was acquitted in 1990 of defrauding US banks?

Headliners -  Ambling Along - NYTimes.com Headliners;  Ambling Along Published: July 8, 1990 Imelda Marcos had the shoes; now she has walked. In a case that began four years ago, Mrs. Marcos, the widow of former Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos, was acquitted by a Federal court jury in Manhattan last week of helping her husband loot $200 million from the Philippine treasury and then investing the proceeds in art, jewelry and prime New York City real estate. Though the charges against her included defrauding American banks, jurors said afterward that they questioned whether Federal prosecutors had the right to charge her with other offenses that she and her husband were said to have committed in the Philippines. When the Marcoses fled to Hawaii in 1986, she was seen as the free-spending wife - thousands of pairs of shoes were found in her Manila palace closets - of a corrupt despot. But after Mr. Marcos died last year, there seemed much less interest in punishing his spouse. Said one juror, ''Just because she was married to him doesn't make her guilty.'' Photo: Imelda Marcos (Reuters)


In what year did Saddam Hussein become President of Iraq?

Saddam Hussein | Biography & Facts | Britannica.com Saddam Hussein, also spelled Ṣaddām Ḥusayn, in full Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti (born April 28, 1937, Al-ʿAwjah, Iraq—died December 30, 2006, Baghdad), president of Iraq (1979–2003) whose brutal rule was marked by costly and unsuccessful wars against neighbouring countries. Saddam Hussein appearing in a courtroom after his capture, Baghdad, Iraq. Karen Ballard/AP Early life Saddam, the son of peasants, was born in a village near the city of Tikrīt in northern Iraq. The area was one of the poorest in the country, and Saddam himself grew up in poverty. His father died before he was born, and he went at an early age to live with an uncle in Baghdad . He joined the Baʿth Party in 1957. In 1959 he participated in an unsuccessful attempt by Baʿthists to assassinate the Iraqi prime minister , ʿAbd al-Karīm Qāsim ; Saddam was wounded in the attempt and escaped first to Syria and then to Egypt. He attended Cairo Law School (1962–63) and continued his studies at Baghdad Law College after the Baʿthists took power in Iraq in 1963. The Baʿthists were overthrown that same year, however, and Saddam spent several years in prison in Iraq. He escaped, becoming a leader of the Baʿth Party, and was instrumental in the coup that brought the party back to power in 1968. Saddam effectively held power in Iraq along with the head of state , Pres. Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr , and in 1972 he directed the nationalization of Iraq’s oil industry. Presidency Iraq: Iraq under Ṣaddām Ḥussein Saddam began to assert open control of the government in 1979 and became president upon Bakr’s resignation. He then became chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council and prime minister, among other positions. He used an extensive secret-police establishment to suppress any internal opposition to his rule, and he made himself the object of an extensive personality cult among the Iraqi public. His goals as president were to supplant Egypt as leader of the Arab world and to achieve hegemony over the Persian Gulf . Saddam launched an invasion of Iran’s oil fields in September 1980, but the campaign bogged down in a war of attrition . The cost of the war and the interruption of Iraq’s oil exports caused Saddam to scale down his ambitious programs for economic development. The Iran-Iraq War dragged on in a stalemate until 1988, when both countries accepted a cease-fire that ended the fighting. Despite the large foreign debt with which Iraq found itself saddled by war’s end, Saddam continued to build up his armed forces. Saddam Hussein, 1983. EU Considers Rules For Robots In August 1990 the Iraqi army overran neighbouring Kuwait . Saddam apparently intended to use that nation’s vast oil revenues to bolster Iraq’s economy, but his occupation of Kuwait quickly triggered a worldwide trade embargo against Iraq. He ignored appeals to withdraw his forces from Kuwait, despite the buildup of a large U.S.-led military force in Saudi Arabia and the passage of United Nations (UN) resolutions condemning the occupation and authorizing the use of force to end it. The Persian Gulf War began on January 16, 1991, and ended six weeks later when the allied military coalition drove Iraq’s armies out of Kuwait. Iraq’s crushing defeat triggered internal rebellions by both Shīʿites and Kurds , but Saddam suppressed their uprisings, causing thousands to flee to refugee camps along the country’s northern border. Untold thousands more were murdered, many simply disappearing into the regime’s prisons. As part of the cease-fire agreement with the UN, Iraq was prohibited from producing or possessing chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons. Numerous sanctions were leveled on the country pending compliance , and those caused severe disruption of the economy. Saddam’s continued refusal to cooperate with UN arms inspectors led to a four-day air strike by the United States and Great Britain in late 1998 (Operation Desert Fox). Both countries announced that they would support efforts of the Iraqi opposition to unseat Saddam, whose regime had grown increasingly


Who became chair of Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1989?

Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman - Sep 21, 1989 - HISTORY.com Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman Share this: Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman Author Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman URL Publisher A+E Networks The Senate Armed Forces Committee unanimously confirms President George H. Bush’s nomination of Army General Colin Powell as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Powell was the first African American to achieve the United States’ highest military post. Powell was born in 1937 in Harlem, New York, to Jamaican immigrant parents. Joining the U.S. Army after college, he served two tours in Vietnam before holding several high-level military posts during the 1970s and 1980s. From 1987 to 1989, he was national security adviser to President Ronald Reagan and in 1989 reached the pinnacle of his profession when he was appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by President George Bush. As chairman, General Powell’s greatest achievement was planning the swift U.S. victory over Iraq in 1991’s Persian Gulf War. In 1993, he retired as chairman. Two years later, he embarked on a national tour to promote his autobiography, My American Journey, fueling speculation that he was testing the waters for a possible presidential campaign. By the fall of 1995, public enthusiasm over the possibility of his running for president had reached a feverish pitch. Regarded as a moderate Republican, opinion polls showed Powell trailing close behind Republican favorite Bob Dole and favored over Democratic incumbent Bill Clinton. However, in November 1995, he announced that he would not run for president in the next election, citing concerns for his family’s well-being and a lack of passion for the rigors of political life. From 1997, he served as chairman of “America’s Promise–The Alliance for Youth,” a national nonprofit organization dedicated to building the character and competence of young people. In December 2000, Powell was appointed the first African American U.S. secretary of state by President-elect George W. Bush. Unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate, he was sworn in on January 20, 2001 and held that position until January 26, 2005. He was succeeded by Condoleezza Rice. Related Videos


Who became leader of the Bosnian Serbs in 1992?

The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century: Bosnia-Herzegovina 1992-95 In the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, conflict between the three main ethnic groups, the Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, resulted in genocide committed by the Serbs against the Muslims in Bosnia. Bosnia is one of several small countries that emerged from the break-up of Yugoslavia, a multicultural country created after World War I by the victorious Western Allies. Yugoslavia was composed of ethnic and religious groups that had been historical rivals, even bitter enemies, including the Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and ethnic Albanians (Muslims). Related Maps Former Yugoslavia Ethnic Groups During World War II, Yugoslavia was invaded by Nazi Germany and was partitioned. A fierce resistance movement sprang up led by Josip Tito. Following Germany's defeat, Tito reunified Yugoslavia under the slogan "Brotherhood and Unity," merging together Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, along with two self-governing provinces, Kosovo and Vojvodina. Tito, a Communist, was a strong leader who maintained ties with the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War, playing one superpower against the other while obtaining financial assistance and other aid from both. After his death in 1980 and without his strong leadership, Yugoslavia quickly plunged into political and economic chaos. A new leader arose by the late 1980s, a Serbian named Slobodan Milosevic, a former Communist who had turned to nationalism and religious hatred to gain power. He began by inflaming long-standing tensions between Serbs and Muslims in the independent provence of Kosovo. Orthodox Christian Serbs in Kosovo were in the minority and claimed they were being mistreated by the Albanian Muslim majority. Serbian-backed political unrest in Kosovo eventually led to its loss of independence and domination by Milosevic. In June 1991, Slovenia and Croatia both declared their independence from Yugoslavia soon resulting in civil war. The national army of Yugoslavia, now made up of Serbs controlled by Milosevic, stormed into Slovenia but failed to subdue the separatists there and withdrew after only ten days of fighting. Milosevic quickly lost interest in Slovenia, a country with almost no Serbs. Instead, he turned his attention to Croatia, a Catholic country where Orthodox Serbs made up 12 percent of the population. During World War II, Croatia had been a pro-Nazi state led by Ante Pavelic and his fascist Ustasha Party. Serbs living in Croatia as well as Jews had been the targets of widespread Ustasha massacres. In the concentration camp at Jasenovac, they had been slaughtered by the tens of thousands. In 1991, the new Croat government, led by Franjo Tudjman, seemed to be reviving fascism, even using the old Ustasha flag, and also enacted discriminatory laws targeting Orthodox Serbs. Aided by Serbian guerrillas in Croatia, Milosevic's forces invaded in July 1991 to 'protect' the Serbian minority. In the city of Vukovar, they bombarded the outgunned Croats for 86 consecutive days and reduced it to rubble. After Vukovar fell, the Serbs began the first mass executions of the conflict, killing hundreds of Croat men and burying them in mass graves. The response of the international community was limited. The U.S. under President George Bush chose not to get involved militarily, but instead recognized the independence of both Slovenia and Croatia. An arms embargo was imposed for all of the former Yugoslavia by the United Nations. However, the Serbs under Milosevic were already the best armed force and thus maintained a big military advantage. By the end of 1991, a U.S.-sponsored cease-fire agreement was brokered between the Serbs and Croats fighting in Croatia. In April 1992, the U.S. and European Community chose to recognize the independence of Bosnia, a mostly Muslim country where the Serb minority made up 32 percent of the population. Milosevic responded to Bosnia's declaration of independence by attacking Sarajevo, its capital city, best known for hosting th


Who was deputy commander of the 1983 US invasion of Grenada?

Joseph Metcalf; admiral led Grenada invasion - The Boston Globe Obituaries Joseph Metcalf; admiral led Grenada invasion Admiral Joseph Metcalf III, commander of all forces on Grenada, pointing to the Marine positions on the island. (upi file/1983) By Matt Schudel, Washington Post  |  March 12, 2007 WASHINGTON -- Joseph Metcalf III, the Navy vice admiral who led the US invasion of the Caribbean nation of Grenada in 1983, which produced lasting lessons for military preparation and media relations, died March 2 at his home after a series of strokes. A native of Holyoke, Mass., he was 79 and had a progressive neurological disorder. Admiral Metcalf, described by The Washington Post as a "colorful and pugnacious commander," was given the assignment to lead the invasion only 39 hours before it was to take place, Oct. 25, 1983. Six days earlier, a Marxist faction had seized control of Grenada's government and executed Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and 15 of his supporters. The United States and several Caribbean nations feared that Grenada could take a sudden turn toward violent revolution, fueled by the presence of several hundred Cuban advisers. About 650 Americans attended medical school in Grenada at the time and there was concern for their safety. Admiral Metcalf, who was commander of the Atlantic 2d Fleet, led an invasion force of about 6,000 troops from all four branches of the military in the attack, code-named Operation Urgent Fury, which began at 5 a.m. It was the first US combat operation since the Vietnam War. His deputy commander was Army General Norman Schwarzkopf, who commanded the Desert Storm operation in 1990-91. Supplemented by about 300 troops from several Caribbean countries, US forces took control of the 133-square-mile island nation within three days and captured the leader of the rebellion, Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard, who remains in prison. In the sporadic fighting, 19 Americans and at least 45 Grenadans were killed. All the American medical students were unharmed. The anniversary of the invasion he led, Oct. 25, is now celebrated as Grenada's Thanksgiving Day. At first, little could be learned about the invasion because Admiral Metcalf enforced a strict media blackout, which ignited a battle over the freedom of the press. Several reporters in a chartered fishing boat were turned back by the threatening maneuvers of US military jets. Admiral Metcalf said the orders to restrict the media came from above him. But in 2002, Margaret Belknap, an Army lieutenant colonel and faculty member at the US Military Academy, wrote in Parameters, the US Army War College Quarterly, that "President [Ronald] Reagan left the decision for media access to the military, and ultimately it rested with . . . Metcalf." According to Belknap, "Admiral Metcalf personally ordered shots fired across the bow of the media's vessel, forcing them to return to Barbados." Considered a successful military engagement on the whole, the Grenada operation did expose communication and coordination problems among the military branches, prompting the Pentagon to streamline its planning of multiforce operations. In 1985, Admiral Metcalf landed in more hot water when it was discovered that he and his staff attempted to bring back 24 AK-47 automatic rifles from Grenada as souvenirs. US Customs agents seized the weapons as a violation of federal gun laws and Admiral Metcalf received an official "caution." At the same time, seven Marines and soldiers were court-martialed and sentenced to jail for smuggling weapons from Grenada, prompting criticism of what some saw as lenient treatment of Admiral Metcalf. The House and Senate launched inquiries, but it was later revealed that 300 other service members in the Grenada action had been granted amnesty for turning in weapons seized as spoils of war. "Admiral Metcalf didn't try to hide or smuggle any weapons -- he requisitioned them," said Navy Secretary John F. Lehman Jr. in 1985. "The enlisted people who did what Metcalf did were given amnesty. I've never seen so much bounce from so little substance.


What was Mother Teresa's real first name?

Mother Teresa - The Saint of the Gutters Mother Teresa A Biography About Mother Teresa, the Saint of the Gutters Keystone / Staff / Hulton Archive / Getty Images Updated February 17, 2016. Who Was Mother Teresa? Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Catholic order of nuns dedicated to helping the poor. Begun in Calcutta, India, the Missionaries of Charity grew to help the poor, the dying, orphans, lepers, and AIDS sufferers in over 100 countries. Mother Teresa's selfless effort to help those in need has caused many to regard her as a model humanitarian. Dates: August 26, 1910 -- September 5, 1997 Mother Teresa Also Known As: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (birth name), "the Saint of the Gutters" Overview of Mother Teresa Mother Teresa's task was overwhelming. She started out as just one woman, with no money and no supplies, trying to help the millions of poor, starving, and dying that lived on the streets of India. Despite others' misgivings, Mother Teresa was confident that God would provide. Birth and Childhood Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, now known as Mother Teresa, was the third and final child born to her Albanian Catholic parents, Nikola and Dranafile Bojaxhiu, in the city of Skopje (a predominantly Muslim city in the Balkans). continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge Nikola was a self-made, successful businessman and Dranafile stayed home to take care of the children. When Mother Teresa was about eight years old, her father died unexpectedly. The Bojaxhiu family was devastated. After a period of intense grief, Dranafile, suddenly a single mother of three children, sold textiles and hand-made embroidery to bring in some income. The Call Both before Nikola's death and especially after it, the Bojaxhiu family held tightly to their religious beliefs. The family prayed daily and went on pilgrimages annually. When Mother Teresa was 12 years old, she began to feel called to serve God as a nun. Deciding to become a nun was a very difficult decision. Becoming a nun not only meant giving up the chance to marry and have children, it also meant giving up all her worldly possessions and her family, perhaps forever. For five years, Mother Teresa thought hard about whether or not to become a nun. During this time, she sang in the church choir, helped her mother organize church events, and went on walks with her mother to hand out food and supplies to the poor. When Mother Teresa was 17, she made the difficult decision to become a nun. Having read many articles about the work Catholic missionaries were doing in India, Mother Teresa was determined to go there. Mother Teresa applied to the Loreto order of nuns, based in Ireland but with missions in India. In September 1928, 18-year-old Mother Teresa said goodbye to her family to travel to Ireland and then on to India. She never saw her mother or sister again. Becoming a Nun It took more than two years to become a Loreto nun. After spending six weeks in Ireland learning the history of the Loreto order and to study English, Mother Teresa then traveled to India, where she arrived on January 6, 1929. After two years as a novice, Mother Teresa took her first vows as a Loreto nun on May 24, 1931. As a new Loreto nun, Mother Teresa (known then only as Sister Teresa, a name she chose after St. Teresa of Lisieux) settled in to the Loreto Entally convent in Kolkata (previously called Calcutta ) and began teaching history and geography at the convent schools. Usually, Loreto nuns were not allowed to leave the convent; however, in 1935, 25-year-old Mother Teresa was given a special exemption to teach at a school outside of the convent, St. Teresa's. After two years at St. Teresa's, Mother Teresa took her final vows on May 24, 1937 and officially became "Mother Teresa." Almost immediately after taking her final vows, Mother Teresa became the principal of St. Mary's, one of the convent schools and was once again restricted to live within the convent's walls. "A Call Within a Call" For nine years, Mother Teresa continued as the principal of St. Mary's. Then on Septembe


Which famous daughter was made chief designer at Chloe in 1997?

Stella McCartney - Biography - IMDb Stella McCartney Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trivia  (31) | Personal Quotes  (3) Overview (4) 5' 5" (1.65 m) Mini Bio (1) Stella Nina McCartney was born in London, England in 1971 to ex-Beatle Paul McCartney and famed rocker photographer, Linda McCartney . Stella's birth almost ended in disaster where both mother and child almost died - the traumatic event led her father to pray she be born "on the wings of an angel", thus inspiring the name of her parent's band "Wings". McCartney admits she had a "normal" childhood, despite her famous parents - though she did travel the globe with them and their group, the whole family lived in a two-bedroom while she was growing up. Stella was on her own and independent by the time she was in college, making her own money (and sometimes having to clean dishes at a near-by restaurant to do so.) At age 15 she had the opportunity to work with Christian Lacroix on his first couture collection and in 1995, she graduated from London's Central St Martins College of Art & Design, showcasing at her collection of clothes modeled by good celebrity friends Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss . In 1997, with two collections under her belt, McCartney was appointed chief designer at Paris fashion house Chloé, but resigned four years later to enter in a joint venture with the Gucci Group. The line opened three stores and later Stella expanded her brand to include perfume. In 2000, she was presented VH1/Vogue Designer of the Year award by her father. Most recently, McCartney designed a line of clothing and accessories for H&M, helping sales to skyrocket with her designer name and in August of 2003, married publisher Alasdhair Willis. - IMDb Mini Biography By: ratisfatter@yahoo,com Spouse (1) ( 30 August  2003      - present) (4 children) Trivia (31) Designed Madonna 's wedding dress. [2000] For her graduation fashion from St. Martin's, Stella featured a song by her father, "Stella May Day", and her clothes were modeled by friends Kate Moss , Yasmin Le Bon and Naomi Campbell . Is an active member of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals [PETA]. She is the daughter of former Beatle Paul McCartney and the late Linda McCartney . Was the head designer for Chloé. Studied at Central St. Martin's College of Art and Design. Her traumatic birth compelled her famous father to pray that she be born "on the wings of an angel". This quote inspired Paul to name his upcoming band - "Wings". Married publisher boyfriend Alasdhair Willis in Scotland on August 30, 2003. Younger half-sister of pottery designer Heather McCartney Designs for her own label, under the umbrella of Gucci Group. Older half-sister of Beatrice Milly McCartney Former stepdaughter of Heather Mills . Is a vegetarian, like her parents. Has four children with her husband Alasdhair Willis. son, Miller Alasdhair James Willis, born on February 25, 2005, weighing 7lbs 7ozs, daughter, Bailey Linda Olwyn, born on December 8, 2006, weighing, 7lbs 14oz, son, Beckett Robert Lee, born on January 8, 2009 and daughter Reily Dilys Stella, born on November 23, 2010, weighing 8 lbs. Launched a range of affordable clothing with H&M in 2005, following in the footsteps of Karl Lagerfeld - for the second time, as he was head designer of Chloe before she took the title.


Which supermodel was married to Rod Stewart?

Rod Stewart - Biography - IMDb Rod Stewart Biography Showing all 82 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (3) | Trade Mark  (2) | Trivia  (38) | Personal Quotes  (34) Overview (4) 5' 10" (1.78 m) Mini Bio (1) Rod Stewart was born on January 10, 1945 in Highgate, London, England as Roderick David Stewart. He has been married to Penny Lancaster since June 16, 2007. They have two children. He was previously married to Rachel Hunter and Alana Stewart . Spouse (3) ( 6 April  1979      - 1984) (divorced) (2 children) Trade Mark (2) Fifth child of Robert and Elsie Stewart. His brothers and sisters are Mary, Peggy, Don and Bob. Has eight children: Sarah Thubron Streeter (born 1964) born to art student Susannah Boffey; Kimberly Stewart (born 21 August 1979) and Sean Stewart (born 1 September 1980) born to Alana Stewart (ex-wife of actor George Hamilton ; Ruby Stewart (born 17 June 1987), born to Kelly Emberg , his girlfriend at the time; Renee Stewart (born 1 June 1992), Liam McAlister Stewart (born 4 September 1994), born to ex-wife Rachel Hunter , a model, Alistair Wallace Stewart (born 27 November 2005) and Aiden Stewart (born 16 February 2011), born to wife Penny Lancaster . Contrary to popular belief, he was never a professional soccer player with Brentford Football Club before becoming a musician, this was one of many stories invented by his publicist when Rod was starting to hit the big time. Rod was successfully sued by Brazilian singer Jorge Ben Jor who claimed the tune to Rod's "Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?" was too similar to his song "Taj Mahal". Ben won the lawsuit and asked Rod to donate all his profits from the song to UNICEF. His daughter, Kimberly Stewart , designs shoes. Lead singer for the 1970s rock group The Faces . Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. Gave his friend Elton John the nickname "Sharon". Covered Elton John 's hit song "Your Song". Although he was born in England and has English blood on his mother's side, he has Scottish blood on his father's side and prefers to be considered a Scotsman. In 1998, he bought the Victorian mansion Stargroves in Hampshire, which had previously belonged to Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones . He put on the first concert at SkyDome in Toronto, Canada in 1989. Voted the sexiest male spectacles wearer in a 2004 poll by Specsavers opticians. (March 9, 2005) Proposed to girlfriend Penny Lancaster at the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. They married according to their plan, on board his yacht "Lady Anne MaGee" in the Portofino harbor, Italy, after his divorce from Rachel Hunter was finalized. Contray to rumor, he did not play the harmonica on Millie Small 's 1964 #2 hit "My Boy Lollipop", her credited as Millie. Underwent successful surgery for thyroid cancer in July 2000, and announced he was completely recovered in January 2001. In an early stage of The Kinks , before future frontman Ray Davies was willing to be the lead singer, they recruited Stewart (who grew up in the same neighborhood as the Davies brothers) as a singer. After a couple of weeks of trying to be a band, Stewart and the future Kinks found that they did not get along that well, with their musical tastes being too different, and parted ways. First artist to record the Burt Bacharach / Carole Bayer Sager song "That's What Friends Are For" (for the movie Night Shift (1982)), four years before it became a number one hit for Dionne Warwick , Elton John , Gladys Knight and Stevie Wonder . Was the original lead singer of the Jeff Beck Group. However, when the band was scheduled to appear at Woodstock he quit on the eve of the show due to the fact that his best friend Ronnie Wood , who was playing bass at the time, was kicked out. Is a supporter of Glasgow Celtic Football Club. Winner of the 1993 Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution. He was awarded the CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in the 2007 Queen's New Years Honours List for his services to music. The story that Rod once worked as a gravedigger was another myth which he created with his publici


Who was America's first world chess champion?

The World Chess Champion American - Business Insider Bobby  Fischer, the last US World Chess Champion. Da Nes  via flickr It's been a very long drought for Americans when it comes to the  World Chess Championship. The last American to win was, famously,  Bobby Fischer in 1972. Fischer defeated Boris Spassky in Iceland,  but never defended his title. It was of course a long drought before 1972: in the modern era,  post-1900, there had never been a World Chess Champion from the  United States, prior to Fischer, and the only players who even  had a shot after him were Robert Byrne and Gata Kamsky. Norways's Magnus Carlsen, the current WCC, is actually the first  player from the West since Fischer to claim the title.  On Friday in Moscow, the next World Championship cycle  began, with the 2016 Candidates Tournament. Eight  Grandmasters will compete to face Carlsen in New York in November . And for the first  time ever, two Americans are in the field, both  with excellent chances to win. Fabiano Caruana, 23, is the number three player in the world by  ranking. Hikaru Nakamura, 28, is number six.  As it turns out, the players faced each other in Round 1 of the  Candidates; Naka had the white pieces, Fabby had the black, and  they played to a draw, splitting a point. The remainder of the field consists of only three other players  in the current world top ten, as ranked by FIDE, chess's  governing body: Anish Giri of the Netherlands, Levon Aronian of  Armenia, and Veselin Topalov of Bulgaria. The Candidates lineup  isn't selected based on ratings, but rather on competitive  criteria derived from a variety of different tournaments and  tournament cycles. Viswanathan Anand, for example, is in because  he won the last Candidates and met Carlsen for the WCC  match, ultimately losing for the second straight time. That said, Anand, the world number 12, seems to save his best for  the Candidates: he notched a win in the first round with  white against Topalov (who was the World Champ in 2005). World 13 Sergey Karjakin and wildcard Peter  Svidler, world number 16, both from Russia, round out the field. GM Hikaru  Nakamura. US Chess  Championship But all eyes will be on the Americans, for obvious reasons:  Carlsen is the most captivating World Champion since  Fischer, a global celebrity; the WCC is coming to New York; and  while Anand was a great World Champion, five times, and spurred a  chess boom in India, a Carlsen vs. Nakamura or Caruana would be a  spectacle and boost chess to a level of excitement it hasn't seen  since the Fischer boom. Of the two, Nakamura has on paper the better chances, given that  his form has been solid for several years . He won a big  tournament in Zurich recently. But he a dismal record against  Carlsen, no wins and 12 losses (18 draws). He has had Carlsen on  the ropes a few times and still lost in demoralizing  fashion.  GM Fabiano Caruana. Alina  L'Ami Caruana's recent play, after an astonishing 2014, has been iffy.  However, he is ranked higher than Nakamura (although his rating,  2794, is only slightly better than Naka's 2790). And  he  switched  his affiliation from Italy to the US only last year . That  said, he's beaten Carlsen more than he's lost to the World  Champion, 5 wins against 8 losses and 10 draws. Carlsen himself said that he thinks Caruana has the best chance  of the two Americans to win the Candidates — but that could just  be Carlsen trying to get in Nakamura's head. The Candidates is pretty grueling: 14 rounds played over the next  two weeks. I'll try to highlight the more interesting games and  keep track of the American challengers. World  Champion Magnus Carlsen. FIDE For what it's worth, an interesting media dustup has developed as  the Candidates is kicking of. For the first time since the  internet has become a major factor in chess fandom, both the  Candidates and the World Chess Championship will only be viewable  on WorldChess.com . This includes the game moves. Before, a lot  of real-time coverage and analysis was ge


Which Swiss-born Californian first used an amplifier with a guitar?

Early History of Rickenbacker    The Earliest Days of the Electric Guitar The     Rickenbacker International Corporation (RIC) grew out of the first     company founded for the sole purpose of creating and manufacturing fully     electric musical instruments and amplifiers-the Los Angeles-based     Electro String Instrument Corporation. Founded in 1931 by Adolph     Rickenbacker and George D. Beauchamp, this pioneering firm produced "Rickenbacker Electro Instruments", the first modern electric     guitars. RIC's history now spans 86 years in business on the leading edge of     music trends that have changed popular culture forever. Played by     Hawaiian musicians of the 1930s to jazz bassists of the 1990s, by the     Beatles and Byrds to the most-current rock groups on MTV, the ringing     sound of Rickenbacker instruments has helped define music as we know it.     Never resting on its laurels, RIC continues to ignite and propel the     electric guitar's transformation of music by providing today's musicians     with the finest instruments available. It     all began in 1920s Los Angeles, a city fast becoming the entertainment     capital of the world. Like many of his contemporaries, steel player     George Beauchamp (pronounced Beechum) sought a louder, improved guitar.     Several inventors had already tried to build louder stringed instruments     by adding megaphone-like amplifying horns to them. Beauchamp saw one of     these and went looking for someone to build him one, too. His search led     to John Dopyera, a violin repairman with a shop fairly close to     Beauchamp's L.A. home. Dopyera and his brother Rudy's first attempt for George sat on a     stand; a Victrola horn attached to the bottom and pointed towards the     audience. It was a failure, so the Dopyeras then started experiments     with thin, cone-like aluminum resonators attached to a guitar bridge and     placed inside a metal body. A successful prototype (soon dubbed "the tri-cone") used three of these resonators. Beauchamp, so     pleased with the results, suggested forming a manufacturing company with     the Dopyeras, who had already started making more guitars in their shop.     Setting out to find investors, he took the tri-cone prototype and the     Sol Hoopii Trio (a world-famous Hawaiian group) to a lavish party held     by his millionaire cousin-in-law, Ted Kleinmeyer. He was so excited     about the guitar and the prospects for a new company that he gave     Beauchamp a check for $12,000 that night. Substantial     production of the metal-body guitars began almost immediately.     Beauchamp, acting as general manager, hired some of the most experienced     and competent craftsmen available, including several members of his own     family and the Dopyeras. He purchased equipment and located the new     factory near Adolph Rickenbacker's tool and die shop. Rickenbacker     (known to his friends as Rick) was a highly skilled production engineer     with experience in a wide variety of manufacturing techniques.     Swiss-born, he was also a relative of WWI flying ace Eddie Rickenbacker.     Well equipped to manufacture metal bodies for the Nationals, Adolph     owned one of the largest deep-drawing presses on the West Coast and soon     carried the title of engineer in the National Company. Unfortunately, the seeds for an internal dispute within National     were planted in the very beginning. By late 1928 the Dopyeras became     very disgruntled with the management of company and resources. John     Dopyera, who rightfully considered himself an inventor, ironically     thought that Beauchamp wasted time experimenting with new ideas. Dopyera     and Beauchamp lived in two different worlds and apparently were at odds     on every level of personal, business and social interaction. That they     could not work together successfully was a foregone


Who was chairman of the Watergate hearings?

Watergate Watergate   ï¿½ Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr. Library and Museum ï¿½ "My colleagues on the Committee are determined to uncover all the relevant facts surrounding these matters, and to spare no one, whatever his station in life may be. . . .The nation and history itself are watching us.  We cannot fail our mission."                                                                                Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr. Senator  Sam was elected to Congress in 1954 where he had a most distinguished  career.  At the age of 76, he was thrust into the national  spotlight when he was named as the Chairman of the Senate Watergate  Committee. Throughout this televised process, his devotion to  and knowledge of the Constitution, his dogged determination to get to  the truth and his down-home demeanor laced with bits of wisdom made  Senator Sam a household name and one of the most memorable political  figures of our time. As then Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield  stated, "Sam is the only man we could have selected on either side  who would have the respect of the Senate as a whole." "Sam is the only man we could have selected on  either side who would have the respect of the Senate as a whole." Mike Mansfield,


Who was credited with popularizing the term rock 'n' roll?

Commentary: Pittsburgh Rock Hall of Fame has to dig deeper for its inductees | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Commentary: Pittsburgh Rock Hall of Fame has to dig deeper for its inductees January 18, 2014 9:05 PM Scott Mervis/Post-Gazette Jimmy Beaumont, left, and Porky Chedwick in September 2012. Concert promoter Pat DiCesare, who was in competition with Dick Clark's Caravan of Stars, brought The Beatles to Pittsburgh in 1964. By Scott Mervis / Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Rich Engler is a great guy and one of the true legends of Pittsburgh rock 'n' roll. Our music scene, our music life, our memories would not be the same without the concert promoter, who took a lot of chances and brought thousands of great shows to our city over the span of 30 years. There is absolutely no question that he should go into the Pittsburgh Rock 'N Roll Hall of Fame. Just not first. On Thursday, he will be the initial inductee into this symbolic hall created by the Hard Rock Cafe and the Cancer Caring Center. Inductees will be honored each year with a plaque mounted at the Hard Rock. Mr. Engler, who in addition to being a promoter was the drummer for '60s band the Grains of Sand, will be celebrated with an all-star show featuring Donnie Iris, B.E. Taylor, Joe Grushecky, Scott Blasey and more. On hand will be the actual president and CEO of the national Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Joel Peresman. It's a testament to DiCesare-Engler Productions that Mt. Lebanon native Mr. Peresman got his start there as an go-fer. The chairs of the Pittsburgh rock hall are Mary Ann Miller and Theresa Kaufman, who both work in the public relations business. They conceived of the hall as a way to honor Pittsburgh music legends while raising money for the Cancer Caring Center, clearly a noble cause. They are working on "a blue ribbon committee" to make decisions for the hall in the future. Ms. Miller says that for now Mr. Engler was chosen because he is "where music came from in our lives -- his name was on everybody's list." As longtime Pittsburghers know, it didn't start here with Rich Engler. A legit Pittsburgh Rock 'N Roll Hall of Fame should begin with Porky Chedwick, who started playing "race" records here in 1948, even before Alan Freed, who is credited with popularizing the phrase "rock 'n' roll." It was the Daddio of the Raddio who launched rock 'n' roll in Pittsburgh, played the forbidden black artists, broke records nationally and literally drove our teenagers wild in the streets (Stanley Theatre 1953). He's still very much alive at 95, God bless him. From there, you have to go to Jimmy Beaumont. And Joe Rock. Mr. Beaumont was and is the golden-voiced lead singer of the Skyliners, who went to No. 12 on the charts in 1959 with "Since I Don't Have You." It was the first major Pittsburgh hit of the rock era. (You have heard the Guns 'N Roses version). It was written by late Skyliners manager and producer Joe Rock, who also managed the Jaggerz (No. 2 in 1970 with "The Rapper") and the Granati Brothers. He would have been the logical co-inductee with Mr. Beaumont. There were other brilliant choices from the doo-wop era, including the Marcels ("Blue Moon"), Del-Vikings ("Come and Go With Me") and Lou Christie ("The Gypsy Cried"). Business-wise, the first inductee candidate is a no-brainer. It was, after all, called DiCesare-Engler, Pat DiCesare being the man who brought The Beatles to Pittsburgh in 1964. I would say that Mr. DiCesare was the Bill Graham of Pittsburgh, but he predated Bill Graham. A songwriter for doo-wop acts, he started booking concerts in 1962, mentored by his friend Tim Tormey, who was more of a Sinatra guy. Mr. DiCesare became the dominant promoter in town during the '60s and when Mr. Engler came along as the new kid on the block in 1969, Mr. DiCesare didn't try to squash him -- he made him a partner! So, your first class of Pittsburgh Rock 'N Roll Hall of Famers: Porky Chedwick, Joe Rock, Jimmy Beaumont and Pat DiCesare. You can't blame Mr. Engler for graciously accepting this honor. You can bet, though, that he will have a hand in making sense of t


What were Gary Gilmore's final words before his execution in 1977?

The execution of Gary Gilmore - Jan 17, 1977 - HISTORY.com The execution of Gary Gilmore Share this: The execution of Gary Gilmore Author The execution of Gary Gilmore URL Publisher A+E Networks Gary Gilmore, convicted in the double murder of an elderly couple, is shot to death by a firing squad in Utah, becoming the first person to be executed in the United States since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976. In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, in violation of the eighth Amendment to the Constitution, the death penalty qualified as “cruel and unusual punishment,” primarily because states used capital punishment in “arbitrary and capricious ways,” especially in regard to race. However, in 1976, with 66 percent of Americans supporting the death penalty, the court ended the constitutional ban on capital punishment, provided that states create specific guidelines for imposing death sentences. In 1977, Gary Gilmore, a career criminal who had murdered the elderly couple because they would not lend him their car, was the first person to be executed since the end of the ban. Defiantly facing a firing squad, Gilmore’s last words to his executioners before they shot him through the heart were “Let’s do it.” Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! Get This Day In History every morning in your inbox!


In which country was Ivana Trump born and brought up?

Ivana Trump Biography | Fandango Ivana Trump Biography Filmography Biography Socialite Ivana Trump initially gained national recognition as the first wife of billionaire Donald Trump , to whom she was wed from 1977 to 1992. Born Ivana Marie Zelnickova in 1949, she grew up in Gottwaldov, Czechoslovakia, just south of Prague, and established herself as a champion skier at an early age. After earning her masters in the dual arenas of physical education and languages, Ivana spent a number of years professionally coaching ski racers with then-paramour George Syrovatka in Montréal, Canada, then shifted gears and moved into modeling for the Audrey Morris agency during the 1970s -- a line of work that inadvertently brought her to New York City and introduced her to Donald Trump in 1976. The two married within a year and had three children: Ivanka Trump , Donald Trump Jr., and Eric Trump. As Mrs. Trump, Ivana worked for many years as vice president of interior design for the Trump Organization. Following their much-publicized and ballyhooed divorce (an event that occupied an inordinate number of tabloid pages and headlines), she established two of her own companies, Ivana, Inc. and Ivana Haute Couture; graced numerous print advertisements for a plethora of brands; and significantly (like her ex-husband) moved into work as on-camera talent, as the subject of her own Lifetime network biography special, Intimate Portrait: Ivana Trump (2001) and the host of her own reality television special, Ivana Young Man on the Oxygen Channel. The program traveled behind the scenes to witness Trump guiding an affluent young socialite into marriage with the proper suitor. — Nathan Southern, Rovi


Cabaret Undressed! The Real-Life Stories Behind the Gritty, Glittering Broadway Hit | Broadway Buzz | Broadway.com Cabaret Undressed! The Real-Life Stories Behind the Gritty, Glittering Broadway Hit Features By Gemma Wilson April 23, 2014 - 7:05PM Joel Grey in 'Cabaret' & Alan Cumming in 'Cabaret' About the Show Videos Did you know Liza Minnelli auditioned for Sally Bowles in the Broadway production of 'Cabaret' and didn't get the part? Willkommen back to Broadway, Cabaret ! The classic Kander and Ebb musical has arrived for a return engagement on the Great White Way, with Alan Cumming reprising his Tony-winning performance as the Emcee alongside Oscar nominee Michelle Williams , who is making her Broadway debut as British cabaret singer Sally Bowles. In the iconic tale set in 1930s Berlin, the Emcee holds court over the seedy Kit Kat Klub, where Sally strikes up a relationship with an American writer, Cliff. Cabaret opens at Studio 54 on April 24, but a classic isn't born overnight! Read on for a look at what has long made Cabaret such a crowd-pleasing, game-changing favorite. Welcome to Berlin The Weimar Republic, which flourished between Germany's defeat at the end of World War I and Hitler's rise to power in 1933, was a vibrant cultural period famous for its music, film, art and philosophy, as well as its tolerance of decadent behavior (including prostitution and homosexuality). 1920s Berlin was the center of Weimar culture, but when the Nazi Party began rising to power, this liberal mecca started crumbling as artists and intellectuals fled to safer shores. Capturing a Culture Writer Christopher Isherwood compiled his experiences living in Weimar Berlin into a semi-autobiographical collection of stories, Goodbye to Berlin, in 1939. The character of Sally Bowles was based on German nightclub singer Jean Ross—her name was borrowed from composer Paul Bowles. British playwright John Van Druten adapted Isherwood's work into the 1951 Broadway play I Am a Camera, which was panned by the critics (Walter Kerr of The New York Times famously said, "Me no Leica"), but won actress Julie Harris the first of five Tony Awards for playing Sally. Broadway Tug-of-War After his musical The Boy Friend became a big hit in the West End and on Broadway in the mid-'50s, composer/lyricist Sandy Wilson adapted I Am A Camera into a musical, only to find that the rights had been scooped up by producer Harold Prince. Prince commissioned Joe Masteroff to write the musical's book, but the pair agreed that Wilson's take on the material didn't feel authentic to 1920s Berlin. Instead, they enlisted John Kander and Fred Ebb to write the score, and Wilson got the boot. The Evolution of the Emcee When it came to creating the world of Cabaret, director Hal Prince recalled his own time in Germany as a young man in the army—specifically a Stuttgart nightclub called Maxim's. "There was a dwarf MC, hair parted in the middle and lacquered down with brilliantine, his mouth made into a bright red cupid's bow, who wore heavy false eyelashes," Prince explained in The Making of Cabaret . Joel Grey, who created the role of the Emcee on Broadway, came up with the white-faced, pink-cheeked look that defined the role for decades. "I found this greasepaint called 'Juvenile Pink,' and I thought to myself, 'This creep, he would want to look young, and this is what he would use,'" Grey recalled. Redefining Broadway When Cabaret opened in 1966, it turned the idea of a Broadway musical on its head. There was no overture—instead, audiences were caught off-guard by a drumroll and loud cymbal crash. A giant mirror reflected the audience back on itself. The story dealt with everything from anti-Semitism to abortion, which was unusual for the day. "This marionette's-eye view of a time and place in our lives that was brassy, wanton, carefree and doomed to crumble is brilliantly conceived," wrote New York Times critic Walter Kerr. At First, Liza Didn't Get the Part The 1972 film version of Cabaret was just as successful as its stage debut, due in part to its magnetic leading lady,


Flamenco dancer Joaquin Cortes hit the headlines in 1996 over his relationship with which supermodel?

Naomi Campbell facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Naomi Campbell Sources With looks that some have described as exotic—her grandmother was a Chinese native of Jamaica—Naomi Campbell has become a familiar figure on the covers of leading American and European fashion publications. She has appeared in Cosmopolitan, Vogue, and Elle, and was the first black woman ever to appear on the cover of the French edition of Vogue. Not content with modeling alone, Campbell has broadened her career to include singing, acting, and a variety of business ventures. Campbell was born on May 20, 1970, in Streatham, London, England . Her father, a Jamaican immigrant who was part Chinese, left the family before she was born. Her mother, Valerie Campbell, was born in Jamaica but grew up in London. A modern ballet dancer, Valerie spent much time traveling throughout Europe with her dance troupe, so a nanny was hired to help raise Naomi and her brother. Like her mother, Campbell was also interested in ballet. At age ten, Campbell was accepted to London’s prestigious Italia Conti Stage School to study ballet. She also attended the London Academy of Performing Arts. During this time, Campbell landed bit parts in two films: Quest for Fire (1981) and Pink Floyd’s The Wall (1982). Discovered in Shopping Arcade When she was 15, an agent discovered Campbell in a shopping arcade at Covent Gardens, which Campbell frequented after school. Campbell described the encounter to George Wayne in Interview: “I was just hanging out, and this woman comes up to me and says, ’I’m a modeling agent.’ I didn’t believe her, but I took her card home and gave it to my mother. And then I saw an interview of her in Tatler, so I knew she was legitimate. After that I started pleading with my mother to let me go see her. At the end of the school year, I did. She took a picture of me in my school uniform …. then she sent me to a photographer who was working on an assignment for British Elle in New Orleans , and he booked me.” Signed to the Elite Modeling Agency, Campbell was soon working with some of the biggest names in the fashion industry, including Isaac Mizrahi, Calvin Klein, and Azzedine Alaia. She described in Interview some of her favorite fashion photographers: “I like working with Herb Ritts, and I do very much like working with [Francesco] Scavullo. He makes me feel like a woman. Herb makes you feel very innocent. Steven [Meisel] makes you feel like a character. When you work with him he’ll give you At a Glance… Born on May 22, 1970, in London, England; daughter of Valerie Campbell (a ballet dancer). Education: Attended London Academy of Performing Arts, c. 1985. Career: Model, 1986-; appeared on London stage in The King and /; film appearances: Quest for Fire, 1982; The Wall 1982; Cool as Ice, 1991; The Night We Never Met, 1993; Miami Rhapsody, 1995; Girl 6, 1996; Invasion of Privacy, 1996; Trippin’, 1999; Prisoner of Love, 1999; Destinazione Verna, 2000; television guest appearances: The Cosby Show, 1988; The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, 1990; albums: love and Tears, 1994; Babywoman, 1995; author (with ghostwriter), Swan, 1994; co-owner, The Fashion Café, beginning 1995. Addresses: Agent —International Creative Management, 8942 Wilshire Blvd., Beverly Hills, CA 90211. postcards and books to look at and study. He makes me look different in every picture.” Earning more than $1 million a year, Campbell’s assignments have taken her to many locations around the world. For one of her most exciting—and harrowing—photo shoots, she found herself, standing atop a volcano in Lanzarote, Spain—in heels. Her face was emblazoned on the French, Italian, American, and British editions of Vogue in the late 1980s. In 1988, she made a guest appearance on The Cosby Show. One reason Campbell was so highly sought after is what many in the fashion industry have praised as her natural modeling ability. “She’s one of the most delightful girls I’ve ever worked with, one of my favorite models,” exalted fashion photographer Francesco Scavullo said in Harper’s Bazaar. “No


Which Italian fashion designer was murdered on the orders of his ex-wife?

Italian Fashion Designers - Our Top Six Selection Italian Fashion Designers When compiling a list of top Italian fashion designers, we stopped counting when we reached 60. Here are our picks for the most recognized names in the field today, in alphabetical order: 1. Armani Legendary Italian fashion designer Giorgio Armani was born on 11 July 1934 in Piacenza. His career began as an assistant designer for Nino Cerruti, but he left in 1970 to work as a freelancer. With a partner, Sergio Galeotti, he established the Armani label four years later. In the 1980s Armani began designing for numerous Hollywood names, which catapulted him to international fame. In 2001, Forbes named him the most successful Italian fashion designer and estimated his net worth at $1.7 billion. Armani was the first designer to ban models with a body mass index (BMI) under 18. He has designed uniforms for various sporting events and has recently opened a restaurant in New York City. 2. Dolce & Gabbana Domenico Dolce, born in 1958, near Palermo, Sicily, and Stefano Gabbana, born in 1962 in Milan, began as a couple, but separated in 2005. Unlike others in a similar situation, they were able to continue their business partnership and achieve outstanding success with their sleek and stylish clothing designs. They have utilized their celebrity connections to great effect at their runway shows but have been dogged by legal wrangles, including a 2009 tax evasion charge. By 1997, their annual turnover was £400 million, and it topped £597 by 2005, making them one of the most financially successful Italian fashion designers. 3. Ferré Born in Legnano on 15 August 1944, Gianfranco Ferré originally graduated as an architect in 1969 but began designing accessories a year later. He started his own company in 1974 and launched his first women's collection in 1978, followed by his first men's collection in 1982, and his first couture collection in 1986. Ferré became Stylistic Director of Christian Dior in Paris from 1989 to 1997. Sophisticated white shirts have become the symbol of his personal signature in fashion design. His label offers several lines of men's wear, plus an underwear line, a sports line and a range of fragrances. His range of licensed products now includes shoes, stationery, luggage, home furnishings, perfumes and timepieces. Ferré won a number of prestigious awards during his career, including the L'Occhio d'Oro for Best Italian Fashion Designer six times. 70% of Ferré sales are achieved in export, with the US being the biggest market. Ferré distributes in exclusive boutiques worldwide. Ferré died on June 17, 2007. On June 25 of 2008 the company entered into a worldwide joint venture with Dubai-based GIO Developments. The first project will be erected in Dubai. GIO Developments will oversee the real estate, construction, management and operations aspects of the projects, while Gianfranco Ferré will oversee content, design and style.  4. Prada Prada was founded by Mario Prada as a leather goods shop in Milan, Italy. After his death in the mid-1950s, Mario's daughter-in-law ran the company for almost twenty years, succeeded by her daughter, Miuccia Prada, in 1970. Miuccia, born Maria Bianchi on 10 May 1949, had a Ph.D. in Political Science but with her husband, Patrizio Bertelli, set about expanding Prada's product line. In 1979 she released a set of backpacks and totes, followed by a nylon tote. A shoe line was released in 1984, the classic Prada handbag in 1985, and a women's wear collection in 1989. Prada's popularity skyrocketed and it became identified with affluent working women who held demanding jobs. Men's ready-to-wear collections were launched in the mid-1990s. Prada's originality made it one of the most influential Italian fashion designers, and the brand became a premium status symbol in the 1990s. In 1983, Prada began expansion across continental Europe and the US and later Japan. The company went on an ultimately unsuccessful merger and purchasing spree which slowed in the 2000s. Prada manufactures its wares in Italy, apparently keepin


How old was George Gershwin when he died?

Music: Death of Gershwin - TIME Music: Death of Gershwin Google+ When Composer George Gershwin crumpled in Hollywood last fortnight, doctors called it overwork. Last week, when he collapsed again they found a cystic tumor growing fast in his brain. Doctors at Hollywood's Cedars of Lebanon Hospital sent a hurry call to Dr. Walter Edward Dandy, great brain surgeon at Johns Hopkins. Gershwin sank so fast they had to operate before Dandy could get there. Next morning at 10:35 a. m., while his brother Ira watched over him, George Gershwin died. Serious musicians joined pluggers and crooners to mourn the 38-year-old composer who... To continue reading:


Who was the first black man to receive the Nobel Peace Prize?

The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000 Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901-2000 by Geir  Lundestad * Secretary of the Norwegian Nobel  Committee, 1990 - Introduction This article is intended to serve as a  basic survey of the history of the Nobel Peace Prize during its  first 100 years. Since all the 107 Laureates selected from 1901  to 2000 are to be mentioned, the emphasis will be on facts and  names. At the same time, however, I shall try to deal with two  central questions about the Nobel Peace Prize. First, why does  the Peace Prize have the prestige it actually has? Second, what  explains the nature of the historical record the Norwegian Nobel Committee has established over these 100 years? There are more than 300 peace prizes in the  world. None is in any way as well known and as highly respected  as the Nobel Peace Prize. The Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth  Century World History, to cite just one example, states that  the Nobel Peace Prize is "The world's most prestigious prize  awarded for the 'preservation of peace'." Personally, I think  there are many reasons for this prestige: the long history of the  Peace Prize; the fact that it belongs to a family of prizes, i.e.  the Nobel family, where all the family members benefit from the  relationship; the growing political independence of the Norwegian  Nobel Committee; the monetary value of the prize, particularly in  the early and in the most recent years of its history. In this  context, however, I am going to concentrate on the historical  record of the Nobel Peace Prize. In my opinion, the prize would  never have enjoyed the kind of position it has today had it not  been for the decent, even highly respectable, record the  Norwegian Nobel Committee has established in its selections over  these 100 years. One important element of this record has been  the committee's broad definition of peace, enough to take in  virtually any relevant field of peace work. On the second point, the selections of the  Norwegian Nobel Committee reflected the insights primarily of the  committee members and secondarily of its secretaries and  advisors. But, on a deeper level, they also generally reflected Norwegian  definitions of the broader, Western values of an idealist, the  often slightly left-of-center kind, but rarely so far left that  the choices were not acceptable to Western  liberal-internationalist opinion in general. The Norwegian  government did not determine the choices of the Norwegian Nobel  Committee, but these choices reflected the same mixture of  idealism and realism that characterized Norwegian, and  Scandinavian, foreign policy in general. As we shall see, some of  the most controversial choices occurred when the Norwegian Nobel  Committee suddenly awarded prizes to rather hard-line realist  politicians. Nobel's Will and the Peace Prize When Alfred Nobel died on December 10,  1896, it was discovered that he had left a will, dated November  27, 1895, according to which most of his vast wealth was to be  used for five prizes, including one for peace. The prize for  peace was to be awarded to the person who "shall have done the  most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the  abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding of  peace congresses." The prize was to be awarded "by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting." Nobel left no explanation as to why the  prize for peace was to be awarded by a Norwegian committee while  the other four prizes were to be handled by Swedish committees.  On this point, therefore, we are dealing only with educated  inferences. These are some of the most likely ones: Nobel, who  lived most of his life abroad and who wrote his will at the  Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, may have been influenced by the  fact that, until 1905, Norway was in union with Sweden. Since the  scientific prizes were to be awarded by the most competent, i.e.  Swedish, committees at least


Which golfer became only the fifth in history to win both the British and US Open championships in the same year, in 1982?

History of The Game Of Golf Including it's origins   'Francis Ouimet and the 1913 U.S. Open:' 'The 1913 U.S. Open Championship was played at The Country Club in Brookline, Massachusetts, one of the earliest American golf courses. Harry Vardon had come back to the U.S. again and entered the Open, expected by many to win. His primary competition was expected to come from friend and fellow Brit Ted Ray. No one saw Francis Ouimet coming.' 'Ouimet was a 20-year-old amateur and former caddy from Brookline when he entered the U.S. Open in 1913. Tied with the two British stars after the first three rounds of the tournament, Ouimet managed two birdies in his final six holes to finish tied for the lead at the end of the four rounds. A playoff was required, and Ouimet, much to the shock and delight of the crowd, ended the playoff round with a one-over-par 72, beating out Vardon and Ray. Ouimet's victory became national news, catapulting golf into even greater popularity. Ouimet would go on to win two Amateur Championships and a French Amateur Championship.  He would also appear on the American team in the newly-created Walker Cup in 1922, a tournament between American and British teams played every other year. Ouimet would play on every Walker Cup team from 1922 to 1949, captaining the squad between 1936 and 1949. In 1951, he was named captain of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews in Scotland, the first non-British person awarded that high honor.' 'The Amateur Game:' 'Both in Britain and the U.S., amateur golf was as highly regarded and popular in the 1800s and into the 1900s as professional golf. The Amateur Championships of Britain and America were extremely well attended and well thought-of events. In Britain, early amateur domination came in the form of John Ball, who won the British Amateur Championship eight times, three more than any other player has ever won. Interestingly, Ball never won twice in a row - all his victories came at least a year apart from each other. Ball also became the first to win both an Amateur and Open Championship, one of only three in history who have done so. Harold Hilton, another top amateur of the time, was the first to win both championships, winning two Opens and four Amateurs. He also became the first British player to win both the British and U.S. Amateur Championships.' 'In the U.S., the first amateur star was Walter Travis. The Australian who had moved to the U.S. as a child first won the U.S. Amateur Championship in 1900 and would collect two more titles. Only three other players have ever won three or more U.S. Amateur Championships. He also became the first American player to win the British Amateur Open, capturing the 1904 title. Following Travis's success was Jerome Travers, who between 1907 and 1913 won four titles. Travers would also become one of the first Amateur winners to also win a U.S. Open.' 'The greatest amateur of the first half of the 1900s, however (and one of the greatest of all-time) was Bobby Jones. Of the seven U.S. Amateur Championships between 1924 and 1930, Jones won five of them; those five victories are also the most all-time in Amateur Championship history.  His greatest feat, another unmatched in history, came in 1930.  In that single year, Bobby Jones won the U.S. Open, the British Open, the U.S. Amateur Championship and the British Amateur Championship.  That accomplishment was dubbed the "Grand Slam." No other player has ever completed a single-season Grand Slam, though five others have completed a career Grand Slam, winning all four majors in their career.' 'The Professional Game:' 'In 1916, as professional golf gained more ground in the U.S., players wanted an organizational body to govern the game: U.S. amateurs had the USGA and British players had the R&A (taking its name from the Royal and Ancient Club), so they wanted one of their own. That January , the Professional Golfer's Association of America was born. Seven months later, they established the first PGA C


How many times did tennis legend Jimmy Connors win the US Open in the 1970s?

Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all - Video on NBCNews.com Rock Center   |  May 10, 2013 Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all From his engagement to Chris Evert, to the role his mother played in his tennis career, to his gambling addiction when his life on the court faded, legend Jimmy Connors reveals all to Rock Center’s Harry Smith. Share This: Did Camp Lejeune water cause man’s breast cancer? Rock Center Game Gone Wrong: Bryan Stow and his recovery Rock Center Boston bombing amputee rises to her feet Rock Center Activists say Goodwill exploits workers with penny wages Rock Center Stella! Inside the empire of Stella McCartney Rock Center Brian Williams signs off Rock Center with a look back Rock Center Boston bombing amputee walks with new legs Rock Center Some workers at Goodwill paid as little as 22 cents an hour Rock Center Paul McCartney: Being Stella’s dad, ‘pretty cool’ Rock Center In the Newsroom: Happy 'Trololo' birthday to you Rock Center 19-year-old hopes to revolutionize nuclear power Rock Center Aesha, three years later: ‘I’m a very lucky girl’ Rock Center June 14, 2013 This content comes from Closed Captioning that was broadcast along with this program. >>> for mother 's day, our next report focuses on one of the most intense mother /son relationships you will ever come across. jimmy connors became a tennis legend famous for his grit also his volcanic temper, but it's the portions of his new memoir that deal with his life off the tennis court that are deservedly getting the most attention. tonight for the first time he talks about all of it with harry smith . >> reporter: at a municipal tennis court off highway 101 a man repeats a ritual he's been performing since his mother put a racket in his hand. yes, that's jimmy coners. grinding away at a public tennis court . maybe we shouldn't be surprised because in the 1970s , connors was the guy who dragged tennis kicking and screaming from the country clubs to the streets. you come on the scene, you're brash. you yell at umpires. you flip off people in the crowd. you use your tennis racket in obscene ways sometimes. we'll find the pictures. >> i'm not denying anything. >> reporter: love him or loathe him, fans wanted to see him. >> this is what they pay for. this is what they want. >> reporter: they're amazed by you. they're transfixed on you. but they don't necessarily like you. >> well, not at the beginning, no. i mean i'm going to get hammered for this, but i don't really care. tennis needed a face-lift. we needed people who were loving baseball, basketball. >> reporter: the average sports fan. >> the real sports fan. not the average sports fan. the real sports fan who wanted to come see two guys going at it willing to give everything they had, break their back for them, leave their blood on the court and have fun doing it. >> reporter: you were the torch that lit that fire. >> burn. let it burn . i needed something to do. >> reporter: and now connors is likely to burn a few bridges after a long self-imposed exile. he's emerged with a raw and revealing memoir called "the outsider." >> you know, i look back, it was painful writing this book. going back. i had amnesia for so long. it resurrected a lot of things that kind of made me look at myself. >> reporter: here are the headlines. how his engagement to chris evert ended. how he brazenly humiliated his wife with a very public affair . how he tortured him family with a high stakes gambling addiction and how he never said no to his mother who taught him the game but also tried to wall jimmy off from the world. east st. louis, illinois, north 68th street, the house where tennis lessons from mom began on a backyard practice wall. when the family moved, the new house had a full-sized court. people said there's something wrong with this relationship. why is it? what's this deal with connors ? your opponents would call you a mama's boy. what was that like for you? >> but never to my face. it's interesting because i've said many, many times that it's okay for joe montana 's dad to hit him with the football,


Which pop star did model Iman marry in 1992?

Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel Slash caught his mom naked with David Bowie when he was 8 NewsFix and KIAH, August 31, 2012 David Bowie  has been into a lot of things during his long career, from Ziggy Stardust, to  Mick Jagger  , to a 20-year marriage to model  Iman  .   And now, we find out that Bowie was into, quite literally, the mother of Guns N' Roses guitarist  Slash  .   This little bit of rock'n'roll trivia came out when slash was in Australia talking to  Triple M  , the big rock station down under.   He said his mother Ola Hudson was a popular costume designer back in the day, doing the likes of  John Lennon  ,  Ringo Starr  ,  Diana Ross  and David Bowie. Advertisement Bowie, Iman Exchange Vows In Church Ceremony June 7, 1992 British rock star David Bowie and Somali-born model Iman exchanged religious vows Saturday in a church in Florence, Italy.Guests at the service in San Giacomo Church included Yoko Ono, Bianca Jagger and society hair stylist Thierry Mugler.Bowie, 45, and his bride, 36, went through a civil ceremony in Lausanne, Switzerland, in April.Bowie was divorced from his first wife in 1980. Iman, one of the world's highest-paid models, was married for eight years to basketball star Spencer Haywood.She and multimillionaire Bowie each have a child from previous marriages. LOCAL Romance of an era By Jean Patteson, Sentinel Staff Writer, February 2, 2007 Inspired by the success of her pinup pictures, Iman Woods went looking for other styles of vintage photography to imitate. She hit on the moody, black-and-white photographs of couples from Hollywood's Golden Age -- Greta Garbo and Robert Taylor, Jean Harlow and Clark Gable. "I thought, `Wouldn't it be romantic to take pictures of modern couples posed like that?' " says Woods. "I could call them `Love Story' photos." She researched dozens of classic silver-screen photographs, studying the stylized poses, the high-contrast lighting and the glamorous hairstyles, makeup and outfits. LOCAL Supermodel Iman Begs For Political Conference December 10, 1992 Iman, the Somali-born supermodel, has emerged as the most visible and vocal advocate of humanitarian aid for the starving multitudes in her homeland. She is trying to bolster support for Operation Restore Hope and to call for a political dialogue between warring factions in Somalia. Iman, 37, has asked the U.S. to take a major role in the creation of a national peace conference in Somalia. ''If the U.S. troops come out with no political settlement achieved or no environment where the elders of warring factions can have a dialogue, then we will be back to square one,'' she said. LOCAL Iman Weeps After Seeing Her Native People Starve October 2, 1992 Iman, the Somali-born top model, wept Thursday when she saw hundreds of starving children in the part of her native country worst hit by famine.Iman was visiting the southern town of Baidoa, where 250 people are dying from starvation every day, witnesses said.Tens of thousands already have died and 2 million are at risk of starving because of drought and a civil war. LOCAL Iman Says She Tried - Ex Calls Her Lousy, Abusive March 21, 1993 Iman, pasted in a recent tabloid as a lousy wife and abusive mother by her ex, Spencer Haywood, issued a statement denying nothing but stressing she had done her best.In his just-out autobio, Haywood, a former pro basketball star, said his sex life with the model disappeared after he found her smooching with Grace Jones, that she emotionally abused their daughter, Zulekha (now 14 and living with Haywood), that she never got ''dinner on the table or food in the fridge'' and introduced him to drugs. LOCAL Bowie, Iman Tie The Knot In Secret Swiss Ceremony May 4, 1992 British rock star David Bowie and his girlfriend, Somali-born supermodel Iman, were married at a secret ceremony in Switzerland, London newspapers said today.They said Bowie, 46, whose first marriage ended in divorce in 1980, and the 36-year-old model tied the knot April 24 in Lausanne, where Bowie has a home.The bride wore sunglass


Which actress links Dorothy in The Golden Girls and Maude Findlay in Maude?

Bea Arthur, “Maude” “Golden Girls” star | The Seattle Times Bea Arthur, “Maude” “Golden Girls” star Originally published April 26, 2009 at 12:00 am Updated May 3, 2009 at 3:37 am The cast members of the television series “Golden Girls” were clockwise from left, Bea Arthur, Rue McClanahan, Betty White and Estelle Getty. Beatrice Arthur, best known as the acerbic Maude Findlay on Norman Lear's sitcom "Maude" and as the strong-willed Dorothy Zbornak on the long-running "The Golden Girls," died Saturday. She was 86. Share story Claudia Luther LOS ANGELES — Beatrice Arthur, best known as the acerbic Maude Findlay on Norman Lear’s sitcom “Maude” and as the strong-willed Dorothy Zbornak on the long-running “The Golden Girls,” died Saturday. She was 86. Ms. Arthur, a stage-trained actress who was a success on Broadway long before television audiences got to know her, died of cancer at her Los Angeles home, family spokesman Dan Watt said. In 1966, the tall and husky-voiced actress won a Tony Award for her performance as Angela Lansbury’s sharp-tongued sidekick, Vera Charles, in the original production of “Mame” on Broadway, which also was named best musical that year. Time magazine said of her performance, she “delivers a line as if someone had put lye in her martinis.” Most Read Stories Unlimited Digital Access. $1 for 4 weeks. She had little experience in either film or TV when Lear saw her singing a song called “Garbage” in an Off-Broadway show, “The Shoestring Revue.” In 1971, Lear brought her to Hollywood for a guest role on CBS’ “All in the Family.” She played Edith Bunker’s loudmouthed cousin, Maude, who tangled with Edith’s equally loudmouthed husband, Archie Bunker, from opposite sides of the political fence. Within a year, Ms. Arthur had her own show, “Maude,” which ran for six years on CBS. In the series, Maude is living in Tuckahoe, N.Y., with her fourth husband, Walter Findlay (Bill Macy), daughter Carol (Adrienne Barbeau), grandson Phillip (Brian Morrison), and a black maid named Florida (Esther Rolle), whose sassy repartee with her boss was one of the best parts of “Maude.” (Rolle’s character spun off into another series, “Good Times.”) “Maude” came at the onset of the feminist movement and addressed serious issues, including infidelity, death, depression and abortion, but there were always laughs. Maude’s most famous line, delivered often and with withering drollery, was: “God will get you for that, Walter.” Playing Maude earned Ms. Arthur five Emmy nominations and a statuette in 1977. But, despite the show’s enormous success, Ms. Arthur did not enjoy being the public face of feminism, a role she said was thrust upon her. “It put a lot of unnecessary pressure on me,” she told the Chicago Sun-Times in 2001. After she left “Maude,” she returned to TV briefly in 1983 for ABCs failed takeoff of the British series “Fawlty Towers,” titled “Amanda’s.” She returned to television in triumph in 1985 as Dorothy, the divorcée on “The Golden Girls,” the NBC hit that ran from 1985-92, twice won Emmys for best comedy and continues to enjoy a long afterlife in syndication. “The Golden Girls” followed the lives of three older women sharing a household in Miami with Dorothy’s widowed mother, Sophia (Estelle Getty), who has suffered a small stroke that frees her from the constraints of tactfulness. Much of what made the show work was the snappy mother-daughter dialogue, with Ms. Arthur as what executive producer Paul Witt called the “isle of sanity who could look at the other three characters from the audience’s perspective.” The series also co-starred Betty White as the naive Rose and Rue McClanahan as the saucy Blanche. All won Emmys for their portrayals; Ms. Arthur’s came in 1988. Much quieter by nature than her famous characters, Ms. Arthur often said that what she and they had in common was: “All three of us are 5-foot-9 ½ in our stocking feet and we all have deep voices.” And all, she said, tended to be “bubble-prickers.” In a 2008 interview with The Associated Press, Ms. Arthur said she was lucky to be discovered by TV after


Which of the Friends cast has a son called Julian in real life?

Lisa Kudrow - Biography - IMDb Lisa Kudrow Biography Showing all 64 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (1) | Trivia  (43) | Personal Quotes  (10) | Salary  (4) Overview (4) 5' 8" (1.73 m) Mini Bio (1) Hardly the dumb blonde of Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997), Lisa was born in Encino, California on July 30, 1963. Her mother, Nedra S. (Stern), was a travel agent, and her father, Lee N. Kudrow, was a physician. Her parents are both from Jewish immigrant families (from Belarus, Russia, and Hungary). Lisa was raised in Tarzana and played varsity-level tennis in high school and college, and is a pool shark who has mastered some of the more difficult trick shots (so beware). She graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, with a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology. At first, she wanted to pursue a career in research, so she returned to Los Angeles to begin working with her father. However, Lisa got inspired to perform by one of her brother's friends, comedian Jon Lovitz , and so the tall (5' 8") blond-haired, green-eyed beauty entered show biz. Lisa auditioned for the improv theater group, The Groundlings, based in Los Angeles. Cynthia Szigeti , a well-known improv teacher, took Lisa under her wing. In that class, Lisa became a friend of Conan O'Brien . Graduating with honors in 1989, Lisa became a full-fledged member of The Groundlings. Breaking into TV, she got a recurring role as Ursula, the ditsy waitress on Mad About You (1992). This led to her starring role on Friends (1994). In the debut season (1994-95) of Friends (1994), Lisa earned an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series; in 1998, she won that award for her role as Phoebe, the ditsy but lovable folk singer. Lisa has also been nominated for Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild and American Comedy Awards for her performances. Lisa made the transition to the big screen with a lot of success. In 1997, she starred opposite Oscar winner Mira Sorvino in the above-mentioned Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997). Lisa garnered more praise for her film work when she got the New York Film Critics Award for her starring role in The Opposite of Sex (1998). Lisa married Michel Stern, an advertising executive, on May 27, 1995. On May 7, 1998, they were blessed with a son, Julian Murray; they live in Los Angeles. - IMDb Mini Biography By: kdhaisch@aol.com Spouse (1) ( 27 May  1995      - present) (1 child) Trade Mark (1) Frequently plays funny, ditzy characters Trivia (43) Chosen by "People" magazine as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the World. [1997] Attended William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills, California. She graduated on June 18, 1981. First played Ursula on Mad About You (1992), then played her twin sister, Phoebe, on Friends (1994), and has played both characters at once in a few episodes of Friends (1994). Was originally cast as Roz Doyle on Frasier (1993), but the producers and writers decided they were changing the character too much to fit Kudrow's personality. Both parties decided it would be better to recast the role, and Peri Gilpin was chosen instead. Graduated with a B.S. in Psychobiology from Vassar College. [1985] Convinced to quit her job as a Medical Researcher to become a full-time actress by Jon Lovitz . Her motion picture debut was set to be in the film Impulse (1990), but her scenes were cut before the film's release. Her character Phoebe Buffay in Friends (1994) became pregnant with her brother's triplets (by artificial insemination) to cover up Kudrow's own pregnancy. Cousin of Thea Mann . On the day she gave birth to her son Julian, NBC aired the season finale of Friends (1994) - "The One With Ross' Wedding Parts 1 & 2". She sent these episodes as her Emmy tape submissions and subsequently won the Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Emmy. Filmed all her scenes for Wonderland (2003) in three days. Tallest female member of the cast of Friends (1994). She and Jennifer Aniston both auditioned for regular cast member spots on


What was the name of Jed's nephew in The Beverly Hillbillies?

Jed Clampett - The Beverly Hillbillies Characters - ShareTV Buddy Ebsen began his career as a dancer in the late 1920s in a Broadway chorus. He later formed a vaudeville ... Character Bio Although he had received little formal education, Jed Clampett had a good deal of common sense. A good-natured man, he is the apparent head of the family. Jed's wife (Elly May's mother) died, but is referred to in the episode "Duke Steals A Wife" as Rose Ellen. Jed was shown to be an expert marksman and was extremely loyal to his family and kinfolk. The huge oil pool in the swamp he owned was the beginning of his rags-to-riches journey to Beverly Hills. Although he longed for the old ways back in the hills, he made the best of being in Beverly Hills. Whenever he had anything on his mind, he would sit on the curbstone of his mansion and whittle until he came up with the answer. Jedediah, the version of Jed's name used in the 1993 Beverly Hillbillies theatrical movie, was never mentioned in the original television series (though coincidentally, on Ebsen's subsequent series, Barnaby Jones, Barnaby's nephew J.R. was also named Jedediah). In one episode Jed and Granny reminisce about seeing Buddy Ebsen and Vilma Ebsen—a joking reference to the Ebsens' song and dance act. Jed appears in all 274 episodes. Episode Screenshots


Green Acres on the Radio – The Great Detectives of Old Time Radio Golden Age Article Green Acres on the Radio If you mention Green Acres, people think of the 1965-71 Sitcom starring Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor. But fifteen years before Green Acres came to TV,  it came to radio. CBS broadcast Granby’s Green Acres as a Summer replacement series. Granby’s Green Acres told the story of John Granby, a Banker who got fed up with city life and took his wife and family to relocate to a farm. Sound familiar? The radio Green Acres were written by a 33-year old writer, who would go on to write 150 of the 170 TV episodes of Green Acres. There were quite a few similarities between the radio and TV versions of Green Acres. Both featured a scatter-brained Mr. Kimball (although the radio Mr. Kimball ran the county store rather than being the County Agent.) Granby also had a farm hand named Eb. The radio show had some good bits that Sommers would dust off for early TV episodes. An early Green Acres TV episode where Oliver can’t decide what to plant has its basis in the radio episode, “Mr. Granby Plants a Crop.” And this great little bit of dialogue also came from the radio show originally: Oliver: I’d take a seed, a tiny little seed, I’d plant it in the ground, I’d put some dirt on it, I’d water it, and pretty soon, do you know what I would have? Lisa: A dirty little wet seed. At the end of the radio run. John Granby (Gale Gordon) told listeners to send letters in to their local CBS station with their thoughts on Granby’s Green Acres.  The show never returned to the air. There were many reasons the show didn’t make it in 1950. One big one might be that Granby’s Green Acres was not a show that audiences were ready for. Americans had migrated in large numbers to cities like New York and Los Angeles in search of economic opportunities. Granby’s desire to move to the country seemed absurd. When Green Acres appeared on TV, it was a very different world with violence and unrest, crime on the rise, and social unrest. Moving to Hooterville sounded a lot less crazy and made us more sympathetic with Mr. Douglas. The biggest problem with Granby’s Green Acres may have been that it just wasn’t ready for prime time. Granby is too much of a cantankerous blowhard.  The radio version gives you an appreciation of the talent with which Eddie Albert played the role of Oliver Wendell Douglas, as a complex mix of bombast, idealism, practicality, and romance that made the character a joy to watch. In the radio version, Sommers only had given real airtime to Mr. Kimball from the store, and a know it all County Agent who always ate Granby’s supper.  Pretty thin gruel. Not continuing Granby’s Green Acres was a smart decision. Even with great comics like Burns and Allen leaving radio for television, radio comedy was still undergoing a golden age and Sommers creation simply was not in the same league as shows like Our Miss Brooks,  Life of Riley, and Life with Luigi.  It also had a nice aftermath. Sommers continued to develop as a writer and work the world of television, writing on such shows as Amos and Andy, Dennis the Menace, and Petticoat Junction.  When Green Acres came back, it became one of television’s best sitcoms. It featured Pat Buttram turning in the role Mr. Haney who was always trying to sell Mr. Douglas something, Eva Gabor as the sweet but often confusing Hungarian Princess Lisa Douglas,  and the Ziffels who treat their pig like he’s their son, and much more. While the radio show didn’t have these elements, it serves as a rough draft of Green Acres, which makes it an interesting listen. Related: Subscribe: iTunes | Android | RSS Welcome to the Great Detectives of Old Time Radio. We will feature six of Old Time Radio's great detectives from the beginning of the career to the very last episode in existence with a new episode posted Monday-Saturday. In addition, twice a month, we'll post a public domain movie or TV mystery or detective show as a bonus. Along the way, I'll provide you my commentary and offer you opportunities to interact. This is going