Who wrote the poem 'Rule, Britannia!' set to music by Thomas Arne?

Royal Marines — Rule Britannia — Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm -i8 "Rule, Britannia!" is a British patriotic song, originating from the poem "Rule, Britannia" by James Thomson and set to music by Thomas Arne in 1740. It is strongly associated with the Royal Navy, but also used by the British Army. more : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule,_Britannia! Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now Similar Tracks


Which is the most northerly inhabited island in the British Isles?

UNST: The Island Above All Others UNST: The Island Above All Others Home   Unst, the ultimate destination for those with adventure in their soul. Unst is the most northerly inhabited island in the United Kingdom, and one of the most unique islands in Europe. Boasting scenic beauty, rich history, heritage and traditions alongside a mystical charisma, the island is far from a disappointment. It’s rugged landscape will spectacularly charm you and the golden, often empty, beaches leave you feeling in awe of such a wonderful space.  National Nature Reserves provide you with some of Britains best wildlife opportunities along with lifetime memories and views. Getting here is an adventure, but so is being here.  Sited on a 12 by 5 mile area and with a population of approx. 700, the land remains unspoilt and visitors are always welcomed by the locals. Baltasound Regatta


Portsmouth is the UK's only island city, on which island does it stand?

Portsmouth - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Top Fairtrade settlements: Fairtrade Cities Did you know ... the medieval English royal administrator William of Wrotham (d. c. 1217) was responsible for the development of royal dockyards at Portsmouth ? From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other places with the same name, see Portsmouth (disambiguation) . Portsmouth —  City and Unitary Authority Area  — City of Portsmouth Nickname (s): Pompey Location within England Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region South England Ceremonial county Hampshire Admin HQ Portsmouth City Centre Government  - Type Unitary authority , City  - Governing body Portsmouth City Council  -  Leadership Leader & Cabinet Area  - Total 15.5 sq mi (40.25 km2) Population (2008 est.)  - Total 200,000 ( Ranked 80th)  - Ethnicity (United Kingdom Census 2006 Estimate) [1] 91.4% White listen ) ) is a city located in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England . Portsmouth is the second largest city in Hampshire and is the United Kingdom's only island city and is located on Portsea Island . [2] The City of Portsmouth and Portsmouth Football Club are both nicknamed Pompey. The administrative unit itself has a population of 197,700, which forms part of the wider Portsmouth conurbation , with an estimated 442,252 residents within the wider urban area,[citation needed] making it the 11th largest urban area in England. At the 2001 census it was the only city in England with a greater population density (4,639  /km2 (12,015 /sq mi )) than London as a whole (4,562 /km2 (11,816/sq mi)), although many of London's individual boroughs had a much greater density. As a significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth is home to the world's oldest dry dock still in use and also home to some famous ships, including Nelson 's flagship HMS Victory and HMS Warrior. Although smaller than in its heyday, the naval base remains a major dockyard and base for the Royal Navy and Royal Marine Commandos whose Headquarters resides there. There is also a thriving commercial ferryport serving destinations on the continent for freight and passenger traffic. The Spinnaker Tower is a striking recent addition to the city's skyline. It can be found in the redeveloped former HMS Vincent, an area of retail outlets, restaurants, clubs and bars now known as Gunwharf Quays . The Portsmouth Urban Area covers an area with a population well over twice that of the city of Portsmouth itself, and includes Fareham , Portchester , Gosport , Havant (which includes the large suburbs of Leigh Park ), Lee-on-the-Solent , Stubbington and Waterlooville . The suburbs of Portsmouth arguably form a conurbation stretching from Southampton to Havant on the M27 / A27 road along the coast, and north to Clanfield on the A3 road . Contents Portchester Castle . There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times, mostly being offshoots of Portchester , which was a Roman base ( Portus Adurni ) and possible home of the Classis Britannica . Portsmouth is commonly regarded as having been founded in 1180 by John of Gisors ( Jean de Gisors ).[citation needed] Most early records of Portsmouth are thought to have been destroyed by Norman invaders following the Norman Conquest . The earliest detailed references to Portsmouth can be found in the Southwick Cartularies . However, there are records of "Portesmūða" from the late 9th century, meaning "mouth of the Portus harbour". [3] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for 501 claims that "Portesmuða" was founded by a Saxon warrior called Port, though historians do not accept that origin of the name. The Chronicle states that: Her cwom Port on Bretene ⁊ his .ii. suna Bieda ⁊ Mægla mid .ii. scipum on þære stowe þe is gecueden Portesmuþa ⁊ ofslogon anne giongne brettiscmonnan, swiþe æþelne monnan. (Here Port a


George Ravenscrofi (1632-1683) was an early manufacturer of what product?

Collection Search | Corning Museum of Glass Corning Museum of Glass More Info What is AAT? The Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) (r) is a structured vocabulary for generic concepts related to art and architecture. It was developed by The Getty Research Institute to help research institutions become consistent in the terminology they use. Learn More Object Name:  Overall H: 16.5 cm, Diam (max): 9.2 cm Location:  Collection of Christopher Sheppard Web Description:  This wineglass (2014.2.2) and two-handled bowl (2014.2.4) are associated with the glasshouses set up by George Villiers (1628–1687), the second duke of Buckingham (see 4). Both objects are products of English glassmaking endeavors of the late 17th century and reflect the stylistic influence of 17th-century Venetian glass.  Luxury glass was imported to England from Venice as early as 1399. This was due, in no small part, to the skill of Venetian glassmakers, who held a monopoly on the luxury glass industry at that time. The history of English glass in the 16th and 17th centuries centers on the pursuit of a cristallo to replace imported Venetian wares. Buckingham’s glasshouses were among the early English glassmaking ventures that sought to replicate and sell cristallo in England.  Although the English were eventually able to manufacture glass in a Venetian style, their final products, made of soda-lime glass, remained as fragile as their Venetian counterparts. With the development of lead crystal by the English glassmaker George Ravenscroft (1632–1683) in the 1670s, however, the glasshouses of Buckingham and others faced increasing competition. The material and the cooling properties of Ravenscroft’s glass dictated the final forms of objects. Simple but strong shapes emerged in English glass, and the reflection of the Venetian style began to fade. This departure from fragile façon de Venise glass was a direct result of the improved strength and durability of the newly developed lead crystal. For further reading, see Reino Liefkes, ed., Glass, London: V&A, 1997, pp. 82–85; and Charleston (2), pp. 109–196.


In which year did Charles Lindbergh make the first solo flight across the Atlantic?

Lindbergh Flies the Atlantic, 1927 Purchase this Print 7:52 A.M., May 20, 1927 At 7:52 A.M., May 20, 1927 Charles Lindbergh gunned the engine of the " Spirit of St Louis " and aimed her down the dirt runway of Roosevelt Field, Long Island . Heavily laden with fuel, the plane bounced down the muddy field, gradually became airborne and barely cleared the telephone wires at the field's edge. The crowd of 500 thought they had witnessed a miracle. Thirty-three and one half-hours and 3,500 miles later he landed in Paris, the first to fly the Atlantic alone. Working as a mail pilot a year earlier he heard of the $25,000 prize for the first flight between New York and Paris. Backed by a group of St. Louis businessmen, Lindbergh supervised the building of his special plane and set out after the prize. Other teams were attempting the feat - some had met disaster. Lindbergh equipped himself with four sandwiches, two canteens of water and 451 gallons of gas. Midway through the flight "sleet began to cling to the plane. That worried me a great deal and I debated whether I should keep on or go back. I decided I must not think any more about going back." On the evening of May 21, he crossed the coast of France, followed the Seine River to Paris and touched down at Le Bourget Field at 10:22P.M. The waiting crowd of 100,000 rushed the plane. "I saw there was danger of killing people with my propeller and I quickly came to a stop." He became an instant hero, "the Lone Eagle." New York City gave him the largest ticker tape parade ever, the president awarded him the Distinguished Flying Cross. His feat electrified the nation and inspired enthusiastic interest in aviation. Takeoff Minnesota Historical Society Photo http://www.mnhs.org Bad weather and the prospect that his transatlantic flight would be delayed for a number of days greeted Lindbergh upon his arrival in New York. However, on May 19th, a favorable weather report predicted a break in the rain prompting Lindbergh to make his attempt the next day. He arrived at the airfield before dawn the next morning, prepared his plane for flight and began his historic journey: "About 7:40 A.M. the motor was started and at 7:52 I took off on the flight for Paris. The field was a little soft due to the rain during the night and the heavily loaded plane gathered speed very slowly. After passing the halfway mark, however, it was apparent that I would be able to clear the obstructions at the end. I passed over a tractor by about fifteen feet and a telephone line by about twenty, with a fair reserve of flying speed. I believe that the ship would have taken off from a hard field with at least five hundred pounds more weight. I turned slightly to the right to avoid some high trees on a hill directly ahead, but by the time I had gone a few hundred yards I had sufficient altitude to clear all obstructions and throttled the engine down to 1750 R.P.M. I took up a compass course at once and soon reached Long Island Sound where the Curtiss Oriole with its photographer, which had been escorting me, turned back." Darkness Lindbergh continued his flight over Cape Cod and Nova Scotia and headed for the open Atlantic as darkness fell: "Darkness set in about 8:15 and a thin, low fog formed over the sea through which the white bergs showed up with surprising clearness. This fog became thicker and increased in height until within two hours I was just skimming the top of storm clouds at about ten thousand feet. Even at this altitude there was a thick haze through which only the stars directly overhead could be seen. There was no moon and it was very dark. The tops of some of the storm clouds were several thousand feet above me and at one time, when I attempted to fly through one of the larger clouds, sleet started to collect on the plane and I was forced to turn around and get back into clear air immediately and then fly around any clouds which I could not get over." Ireland Minnesota Historical Society Photo http://www.mnhs.org Lindbergh continued his course, at times skimming only 10 feet above the waves as he trie


Which prolific Art Deco ceramics designer created a range named 'Bizarre'?

1920s & 30s Art Deco Artists and Designers - Weber Andre Leon Arbus (art deco, designer, 1903-1969) After graduating from the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Arbus joined his father’s Toulouse cabinet making firm, which he later headed. Exhibiting in the Paris Salons from 1926 onwards, he moved to the capital in I930. Arbus was awarded the Prix Blumenthal in 1935 and exhibited at the great International Exhibitions in Brussels (1935), Paris(1937) and New York (1939). He ended the firm’s production of Furniture in eighteenth century styles, his own designs were very much inspired by the more stylised classicism of the French Empire. He rejected the rhetoric of the UAM, continuing his workshop system and incorporating luxurious veneers, bleached animal hide vellum and gilt mounts in his furniture. Norman Bel Geddes (art deco, designer, 1893-1958) After studying briefly at the Art Institute of Chicago, Bel Geddes worked in a Chicago advertising agency designing posters for General Motors and Packard. In 1918 he began a successful career as a stage set designer before turning to industrial design in 1927. Despite commissions for the Toledo Scale Co. (1929), and the Standard Gas Equipment Corp. (1932). it was as polemicist of Modernity that Bel Geddes gained greatest recognition. His book Horizons (1932) was a manifesto for Modern streamlining which promoted a series of futuristic designs for buildings and transport systems. Bel Geddes’ positivist vision of a streamlined future reached its apogee with his’ futurama ” Metropolis of Tomorrow’ for the General Motors Highways and Horizons Pavilion at the 1939 New York World’s Fair. In 1958 Norman Bel Geddes died on 8th of May. In 1960 his autobiography, Miracle in the Evening, was published. He is the father of actress Barbara Bel Geddes A.M Cassandre (art deco, designer, 1901-1968) Born Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron, Cassandre studied painting and was a friend of many leading figures in Parisian avant-garde society of the 1920s, including Apollinaire, Fernand Leger and Erik Satie. His posters combined bold images with a stylised simplicity and Modern typefaces. In 1927 he founded an advertising agency, Alliance Graphique with Charles Loupot and Maurice Moyrand. Cassandre designed three typefaces: Bifur ( 1929), L’Acier ( 1930) and Peignet (1937). Pierre Chareau (art deco, designer, 1883-1950) Born in Bordeaux, Chareau first exhibited at the Salon d’ Automne in 1914. Trained as an architect, he exhibited in the 1925 Paris Exposition as both an architect and a decorator. The bold curves and luxurious contrasting of exotic woods in his earlier furniture gave way in the later 1920s to a more functionalist inspired aesthetic. As a founder member of the UAM, Chareau’s belief in the relationship between form and function was reaffirmed, and from 1932 to 1938 he undertook detailed research into the development of mobile room partitions. Chareau received commissions to design interiors from, among others, Mallet-Stevens, and his most celebrated architectural work was his 1931 collaboration with the Dutch architect Bijvoet on the Mason deVerre, famed for its revolutionary use of glass brick walls and mobile room partitions. Serge Chermayeff (art deco, designer, 1900-) Born in the Caucasus, Chermayeff was educated in England. His career from 1924 until his emigration to America in 1939 illustrates the gradual hardening of Modernist attitudes in Britain in the 1930s. Nevertheless, Chermayeff’s work always retained a lyrical quality which set it apart from many of his less inspired contemporaries. From 1921 to 1927, Chermayeff was chief designer to the London decorating firm F. Williams Ltd before progressing to director of Waring & Gillows’s ‘Modern Art Studio’, for which he designed luxurious modernistic furniture. He joined the Modernist group MARS in the early 1930s, and worked with the German emigre Erich Mendelsohn, with whom he designed the celebrated De La Warr Pavilion at Bexhill on Sea, Sussex. His pioneering designs for the furniture manufacturer PEL introduced the use of tubular steel in Brita


Who was the Australian no 11 batsman who scored 98 on his Test debut against England during 2013?

Ashes 2013: Ashton Agar enters record books on Day 2 of 1st Test - YouTube Ashes 2013: Ashton Agar enters record books on Day 2 of 1st Test Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 12, 2013 Ashton Agar broke the world record for the highest score by a No 11 batsman in Test history. The Australian scored 98 runs in 101 balls. Agar, who made his debut on Wednesday in the first Ashes Test at Trent Bridge in Nottingham against England, broke the previous world record set by Tino Best of West Indies, who scored 95 against England at Edgbaston in 2012 by www.cricketcountry.com Agar came into bat on Thursday when Australia's score read 117 for nine. The left-handed joined Phil Hughes, who at the time was on 21. The duo also broke the world record for the highest 10th wicket partnership. The partnership was worth 163 runs. Australia were bowled out for 280 in their first innings on Day 2 of the first Test on Thursday. Hughes was unbeaten on 81 off 131 balls as the innings ended. Read more on: http://bit.ly/13TYi7k


Tom Joad and Jim Casey appear in which book?

The Grapes of Wrath: CHARACTER ANALYSIS / TOM JOAD / JIM CASY / ROSE OF SHARON by John Steinbeck THE GRAPES OF WRATH: ONLINE STUDY GUIDE CHARACTER ANALYSIS Uncle John Uncle John is a man of few words and seldom speaks during the novel.     He suffers from a guilt complex of having sinned and caused the death     of his wife. When his wife was pregnant she developed stomach pains and     asked for a doctor. Uncle John, however, told her that she had probably     eaten too much and the pain was a result of indigestion. His wife died     the next afternoon from a ruptured appendix. When his guilt become too     great, he relieves himself through drinking and sex. His character is     obviously not strong, but he does worry whether his sins have brought     the manifold misfortunes upon the Joad family. In the novel's final chapter,     he floats Rose of Sharon's still born baby downstream in an fit of anger;     he hopes someone will find the lifeless form and realize the cruelty inflicted     on the migrants. Tom Joad Tom Joad is the protagonist of the novel and the narrative action chronicles     his development from a self-absorbed egoism to a concern about humanity     at large. The novel opens with Tom as the representative walking man,     who along with the Joads and the other migrants, will be sent on a quest     to understand the implications of his relationship with the land. At the     novel's opening, he hitch hikes his way home after serving four years     in the prison for killing a man in a drunken brawl. At this stage he is     only concerned with his own wants and desires. He tells Casy that "I'm     just gonna lay one foot down before another." He feels no trace of     shame for having killed a man and says he would do the same even now if     similar circumstances presented themselves. Your browser does not support the IFRAME tag. In the beginning, Tom does not show any sympathy with Casy's ideas of One     Big Soul. Beyond himself, he does show a genuine concern for his own family,     and beneath his hard exterior lies a human heart that is capable of kindness.     When Tom meets Casy during the strike at the Hooper ranch, the ex-preacher     tells him of the importance of organizing workers in order to improve     their living conditions. Tom does not say much but thinks about what Casy     has said. When Casy is killed, he feels compelled to remember his teachings.     Having to hide in a cave since he kills Casy's murderer, Tom has a lot     of time to think. He reflects on Casyï¿½s ideas and decides to translate     them into action. Ma warns him that Casy had to sacrifice his life; Tom     says it does not matter. He now believes that his soul is a part of a     big soul and that he will always be present everywhere. Tom has learned     to love and work for humankind. Rose of Sharon Rose of Sharon transforms from a petulant young girl who is obsessed     with her pregnancy to a nurturing woman who shares her milk with a starving     man. At the beginning, she is on quest of beauty and romance in life.     She seems immature and shares constant secrets with her equally immature,     nineteen-year-old husband Connie. Both of them have great (and unrealistic)     plans for their future and for their baby. They plan to move away from     the family, live in a California town, buy a house, and own a store. Sadly,     Connie deserts her, for he lacks the physical and moral capacity to continue     the difficulties endured by the Joad family. Throughout the novel, Rose of Sharon tends to think that every event will     affect her baby in a negative way; in so doing, she foreshadows the actual     events surrounding her infant at the end of book. She worries about seeing     the dog run over, fearing it will harm the fetus. She complains about     not getting to drink milk and fears th


In which Dickens' novel does Mr Crummie's Acting Company appear?

Charles Dickens - Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss. Charles Dickens Biography of Charles Dickens Charles Dickens (1812-1870), English Victorian era author wrote numerous highly acclaimed novels including his most autobiographical David Copperfield (1848-1850); ï¿½Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show. To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o'clock at night. It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.ï¿½ As a prolific 19th Century author of short stories, plays, novellas, novels, fiction and non, during his lifetime Dickens became known the world over for his remarkable characters, his mastery of prose in the telling of their lives, and his depictions of the social classes, mores and values of his times. Some considered him the spokesman for the poor, for he definitely brought much awareness to their plight, the downtrodden and the have-nots. He had his share of critics like Virginia Woolf and Henry James , but also many admirers, even into the 21st Century. Gilbert Keith Chesterton wrote numerous introductions to his works, collected in his Appreciations and Criticisms of the works of Charles Dickens (1911) and in his highly acclaimed biography Charles Dickens (1906) he writes: He was the voice in England of this humane intoxication and expansion, this encouraging of anybody to be anything. Critic John Forster (1812-1876) became his best friend, editor of many of his serialisations, and official biographer after his death, publishing The Life of Charles Dickens in 1874. Scottish poet and author Andrew Lang (1844-1912) included a letter to Dickens in his Letters to Dead Authors (1886). Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915) in his Little Journeys (1916) series follows in the footsteps of Dickens through his old haunts in London. George Gissing (1857-1903) also respected his works and wrote several introductions for them, as well as his Charles Dickens: A Critical Study (1898) in which he writes: Humour is the soul of his work. Like the soul of man, it permeates a living fabric which, but for its creative breath, could never have existed. While George Orwell (1903-1950) was at times a critic of Dickens, in his 1939 essay Charles Dickens he, like many others before, again brought to light the author still relevant today and worthy of continued study: Nearly everyone, whatever his actual conduct may be, responds emotionally to the idea of human brotherhood. Dickens voiced a code which was and on the whole still is believed in, even by people who violate it. It is difficult otherwise to explain why he could be both read by working people (a thing that has happened to no other novelist of his stature) and buried in Westminster Abbey. Charles John Huffman Dickens was born on 7 February, 1812 in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England (now the Dickens Birthplace Museum) the son of Elizabeth nï¿½e Barrow (1789-1863) and John Dickens (c.1785-1851) a clerk in the Navy Pay Office. John was a congenial man, hospitable and generous to a fault which caused him financial difficulties throughout his life. He inspired the character Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield (1849-1850). Charles had an older brother Frances, known as Fanny, and younger siblings Alfred Allen, Letitia Mary, Harriet, Frederick William known as Fred, Alfred Lamert, and Augustus Newnham. When Dickensï¿½ father was transferred to Chatham in Kent County, the family settled into the genteel surroundings of a larger home with two live-in servantsï¿½one being Mary Weller who was young Charlesï¿½ nursemaid. Dickens was a voracious reader of such authors as Henry Fielding, Daniel Defoe , and Oliver Goldsmith . When he was not attending the school of William Giles where he was an apt pupil, he and his siblings played games of make-believe, gave recitations of poetry, sang songs, and created theatrical productions that would spark a lifelong love of th


The Gunpowder Plot was an attempt to kill which king of England?

The Gunpowder Plot The Gunpowder Plot Guy Fawkes Overview The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was an attempt to kill James I, King of England. Catholic conspirators led by Robert Catesby placed kegs of gunpowder in the cellars of the Parliament Buildings on the night of November 4, 1605. They planned to ignite the gunpowder when James, his eldest son, Prince Henry, and Queen Ann attended the opening of Parliament the following day. One of the conspirators, Guy Fawkes, was deputed to stay with the gunpowder and ignite it at the opportune moment. However, word of the conspiracy leaked out, and royal officials captured Fawkes with the gunpowder. Fawkes, and several other of the conspirators, were put to death. Background When James VI of Scotland came to the English throne as James I, the country was highly polarized along religious lines. The English Reformation begun by Henry VIII had created a climate of religious intolerance, and radicals of both the Roman Catholic and Protestant camps had high hopes that the new king would champion their cause. Both sides were destined for disappointment; James was inclined towards neither camp. Hampton Court Conference During the course of his journey south from Scotland, James was presented with the Millenary Petition, signed by a thousand clergymen. The Petition called for relaxation of ecclesiastical rules in favour of Nonconformist (i.e. Puritan) views. The king called the Hampton Court Conference to hear arguments on the points raised by the Petition. At Hampton Court the claims of the Nonconformists were rejected almost without exception. Round one to the Roman Catholics? Not only were the rules governing clergy not changed, new laws were passed which enforced those regulations even more strictly. Many clergy resigned their livings rather than toe the line. Despite James' lack of support for the Puritans, Parliament itself was highly sympathetic to the Puritan cause. The Main and Bye Plots James was disposed to be tolerant of the Catholic cause; certainly he favoured and end to hostilities with Catholic Spain. Unfortunately for the Catholics, however, two half-baked radical plots turned the king against them. The Main Plot planned to depose James and set his cousin Arabella Stuart on the throne. The Bye Plot was even more far-fetched; the conspirators hoped to kidnap James and force him to repeal anti-Catholic legislation. The ultimate result of these plots was that James banished all Catholic priests from the kingdom. The site of Guy Fawkes' birthplace in York Recusancy Laws were in place which fined lay people for missing church service. Those (usually Catholics) who refused to attend service were called recusants. James initially favoured a relaxation of these laws, but it quickly became apparent that a great many people desired to skip church service! The laws were once more rigorously enforced. The Plot A group of Catholic extremists led by Sir Robert Catesby decided that the only hope for their cause lay in killing the king and raising the country in revolt. They hoped that in the confusion following the death of the king and his heir, along with many of the peers of the realm in the House of Lords, that they would be able to put a sympathetic king on the throne and foster a climate of freedom for Catholics. They believed, probably wrongly, that there was adequate public support for their cause. The Conspirators The initial plot was hatched by five men, Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, Thomas Wintour, John Wright and Guy Fawkes. Of these, the undoubted leader was Robert Catesby, son of Sir William Catesby, a prominent Catholic leader in the reign of Elizabeth I. Of these men the first four had noble connections, but Fawkes was nothing more than a disaffected soldier. At first the men hired lodgings near the Parliament buildings and attempted to tunnel into the cellars of Parliament. The tunnel scheme was quickly abandoned, however, either because of water from the Thames seeping into the tunnel, or because the going proved too difficult. Instead, Thomas Percy used his influence to gai


What is the present name of the country formerly known as Upper Volta?

Burkina Faso:   Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities President Compaoré Is Deposed Geography Slightly larger than Colorado, Burkina Faso,   formerly known as Upper Volta, is a landlocked country in West Africa. Its   neighbors are Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Benin, Togo, and Ghana.   The country consists of extensive plains, low hills, high savannas, and a   desert area in the north. Government Parliamentary. History Burkina Faso was originally inhabited by the   Bobo, Lobi, and Gurunsi peoples, with the Mossi and Gurma peoples   immigrating to the region in the 14th century. The lands of the Mossi   empire became a French protectorate in 1897, and by 1903 France had   subjugated the other ethnic groups. Called Upper Volta by the French, it   became a separate colony in 1919, was partitioned among Niger, the Sudan,   and Côte d'Ivoire in 1932, and was reconstituted in 1947. An   autonomous republic within the French Community, Upper Volta became   independent on Aug. 5, 1960. President Maurice Yameogo was deposed on Jan. 3,   1966, by a military coup led by Col. Sangoulé Lamizana, who   dissolved the national assembly and suspended the constitution.   Constitutional rule returned in 1978 with the election of an assembly and   a presidential vote in June in which Gen. Lamizana won by a narrow margin   over three other candidates. On Nov. 25, 1980, Col. Sayé Zerbo led a   bloodless coup that toppled Lamizana. In turn, Maj. Jean-Baptist Ouedraogo   ousted Zerbo on Nov. 7, 1982. But the real revolutionary change occurred   the following year when a 33-year-old flight commander, Thomas Sankara,   took control. A Marxist-Leninist, he challenged the traditional Mossi   chiefs, advocated women's liberation, and allied the country with North   Korea, Libya, and Cuba. To sever ties to the colonial past, Sankara   changed the name of the country in 1984 to Burkina Faso, which combines   two of the nation's languages and means “the land of upright   men.” While Sankara's investments in schools, food   production, and clinics brought some improvement in living standards,   foreign investment declined, many businesses left the country, and unhappy   labor unions began strikes. On Oct. 15, 1987, formerly loyal soldiers   assassinated Sankara. His best friend and ally Blaise Compaoré became president. Compaoré immediately set about “rectifying” Sankara's revolution. In 1991, he agreed to   economic reforms proposed by the World Bank. A new constitution paved the   way for elections in 1991, which Compaoré won easily, although   opposition parties boycotted. In 1998, he was reelected by a landslide. A   coup against the president was foiled in 2003, and he was reelected a   third time in 2005. Prime Minister Yonli resigned in June 2007 and   was replaced by Tertius Zongo, who has served as the ambassador to the   United States and as the country's finance minister. Violent protests by soldiers and police in the capital of Ouagadougou, sparked by low pay and unpaid housing allowances, were answered by President Blaise Compaore with a new government and a new head of the armed forces in the spring of 2011. In Jan. 2013, Prime Minister Luc Adolphe Tiao's new government was announced; the main portfolios remain unchanged.


What bird appeared on the reverse of the farthing from 1937 to 1960?

Walder Coins - 1938 George VI Farthing 1938 George VI Farthing Description George VI 1938 Farthing Obverse Inscription - GEORGIVS VI D:G:BR:OMN:REX:F:D:IND:IMP: - By the Grace of God George VI Mighty King of the Britons, Defender of the Faith and Emporour of India Reverse Inscription - 1938 FARTHING More Information About George VI Farthing's The first British Farthing's were minted during the Reign of Queen Anne in 1714, and  ceased circulation in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth II 1960. Farthings ceased being minted in 1956 due to lack of demand and in 1960 they were demonetized altogether bringing and end to 246 years of Farthing's being in circulation. Farthings were struck during George VI Reign from 1937 until 1953. Their were two types of Farthing in George's Reign but both had the same diameter of 20 millimetres, weight of 2.838 grams and bronze alloy of 95.5% copper 3% tin and 1.5% zinc. Obverse The obverse was designed by Thomas Humphrey Paget . In keeping with tradition his portrait faces to the left, in the opposite direction to his predecessor. George's portrait depicts him with a bare head. Reverse The reverse was designed by Harold Wilson Parker. The reverse device is a Wren, chosen for Britain's smallest denomination as the Wren is Britain's smallest song bird. CoinWiki.co.uk


Which pop group was originally called Angel and the Snakes?

Blondie | Rolling Stone artists > B > Blondie >           Bio Blondie Bio Blondie started as an ironic update of trashy 1960s pop. But by the end of the 1970s, they were far and away the most commercially successful and adventurous survivors of the New York punk scene, having released three platinum albums (Parallel Lines, Eat to the Beat, and Autoamerican). In bleached-blond lead singer Deborah Harry, new wave's answer to Marilyn Monroe, the group had an international icon. The group's repertoire, written by Harry and boyfriend Chris Stein, inhabited the melodic side of punk and grew increasingly eclectic while Harry's deadpan delivery remained consistent. Born in Miami, Harry was adopted at age three months by Richard and Catherine Harry. She grew up in Hawthorne, New Jersey, and, after graduating from high school, moved to Manhattan. Harry joined a folk-rock band, the Wind in the Willows, which released one album for Capitol in 1968; she worked as a beautician, a Playboy bunny, and a barmaid at Max's Kansas City. In the mid-1970s she became the third lead singer of a glitter-rock band, the Stilettoes, which also included future Television bassist Fred Smith. Stein, a graduate of New York's School of Visual Arts, joined the band in October 1973, and he and Harry reshaped it, first as Angel and the Snakes, then as Blondie. By 1975 the band was appearing regularly at CBGB, home of the burgeoning punk underground. Its first single, "X Offender," was independently produced by Richard Gottehrer and Marty Thau, who sold it to Private Stock. The label released Blondie's debut, also produced by Gottehrer, in December 1976. The group expanded its cult following to the West Coast with shows at L.A.'s Whisky-a-Go-Go in February 1977 and opened for Iggy Pop on a national tour. A few months later, they made their British concert debut. In July, Gary Valentine (who wrote "[I'm Always Touched by Your] Presence Dear," a 1978 U.K. Top 10 hit) left the band to form his own trio, Gary Valentine and the Know, which broke up in spring 1980. In early 1978 Blondie's "Denis" hit Number Two in the U.K. Blondie signed with Chrysalis in October 1977. Mike Chapman, a veteran of glitter pop, produced Parallel Lines, which slowly made its way into the Top Ten, breaking first in markets outside the U.S. The disco-style "Heart of Glass" hit Number One in April 1979 and gave the group a platinum album. Blondie maintained its popularity and dabbled in black-originated styles, collaborating with Eurodisco producer Giorgio Moroder for "Call Me" (Number One, 1980) for the American Gigolo Soundtrack, covering the reggae tune "The Tide Is High" (Number One, 1980), and recording a song including an extended Debbie Harry rap, "Rapture" (Number One, 1981), for Autoamerican (Number Seven, 1980). Harry also did the rounds as a celebrity, including an endorsement of Gloria Vanderbilt designer jeans in 1980. As the group's success continued, there were reports that Stein and Harry were asserting more control. By 1981 some Blondie backing tracks were played by session musicians under Stein's direction. Burke produced the New York band Colors, and Destri released a solo album, Heart on a Wall, in 1982. In 1981 Harry released her solo KooKoo (Number 25). Produced under the direction of Chic's Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers, KooKoo went gold. Harry also began acting, appearing off-Broadway in Teaneck Tanzi: The Venus Flytrap (1983), in the films Union City (1979), Videodrome (1982), and John Waters' Hairspray (1988), in the television series Wiseguy, and in Showtime's Body Bags. Early in 1982 Infante brought suit against the group, claiming they were out to destroy his career by excluding him from group meetings, rehearsals, and recording sessions. The suit was settled out of court and Infante remained in the band. However, by late 1982, following a disastrous tour (Blondie was never known as a great live act), the group quietly disbanded. Harry and Stein's planned vacation from the music business stretched to a couple of years after he was felled by a ra


What name is given to a three-wheeled passenger vehicle propelled by a person pedalling?

Rickshaw - definition of rickshaw by The Free Dictionary Rickshaw - definition of rickshaw by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/rickshaw Related to rickshaw: Auto rickshaw rick·sha or rick·shaw  (rĭk′shô) n. ricksha n 1. Also called: jinrikisha a small two-wheeled passenger vehicle drawn by one or two men, used in parts of Asia 2. Also called: trishaw a similar vehicle with three wheels, propelled by a man pedalling as on a tricycle [C19: shortened from jinrikisha] cart - a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal Translations [ˈrɪkʃɔː] n → pousse m inv, pousse-pousse m inv rickshaw [ˈrɪkʃɔː] n → risciò m inv rickshaw (ˈrikʃoː) noun in Japan etc, a small two-wheeled carriage pulled by a man. riksja مَرْكَبَةٌ خَفيفَةٌ بِعَجَلَتَين рикша riquexó rikša die Rickscha rickshaw χειράμαξα rickshaw rikša کالسکه ای که به جای اسب انسان آن را می راند riksa pousse-pousse ריקשה रिक्शा rikša riksa angkong tvíhjóla léttikera risciò 人力車 인력거 rikša rikša beca yang ditarik manusia riksja rickshaw riksza ریکشا riquexó ricşă рикша rikša rikša rikša riksha รถลาก çekçek 人力車 рикша رکشہ xe kéo 人力车 Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: wallah References in periodicals archive ? Matt's fellow One Show host Alex Jones will accompany Team Rickshaw along the way, and support them during their journey. RICKSHAWS PEDDLING COCAINE FOR DRUGLORDS; Hard-up drivers used as couriers; EXCLUSIVE KARACHI -- Various sections of the society supported the ban on plying Ching-Qi rickshaw by and large with a demand that poor, outdated and defected transport system which had paved the way for Ching-Qi should be given immediate attention to cater the need of commuting. Ban on Chingchi welcomed: Transport system needs attention Lahore: A Pakistani environmentalist, fed up with being groped and harassed by male auto-rickshaw drivers, has launched her own service exclusively for women passengers and drivers in her home city of Lahore -- with just the one rickshaw on the road so far.


In Greek myth who is the god of darkness?

EREBUS (Erebos) - Greek Primordial God of Darkness Translation Darkness (erebos) EREBOS (Erebus) was the primordial god (protogenos) of darkness and the consort of Nyx (Night). His dark mists encircled the world and filled the deep hollows of the earth. In the evening, Erebos' wife Nyx drew Erebos' darkness across the sky bringing night and his daughter Hemera scattered it at dawn bringing day--the first obscuring Aither (Aether), the heavenly light of the ether, the second revealing it. In the ancient cosmogonies the heavenly ether (aither) and the dark mists of the netherworld (erebos) were regarded as the sources of day and light rather than the sun. The name Erebos was also used as a synonym for the netherworld realm of Haides. FAMILY OF EREBUS [2.1] KHRONOS & ANANKE (Orphic Fragment 54) OFFSPRING PROTOGENOI [1.1] AITHER , HEMERA (by Nyx ) (Hesiod Theogony 124, Cicero De Natura Deum 3.17) [1.2] AITHER (Aristophanes Birds 1189) [1.4] AITHER , HEMERA , EROS (by Nyx ) (Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.17) OFFSPRING DAIMONES [1.2] EROS (AMOR) , DOLOS (DOLUS) , DEIMOS (METUS) , PONOS (LABOR) , NEMESIS (INVIDENTIA) , MOROS (FATUM) , GERAS (SENECTUS) , THANATOS (MORS) , KERES (TENEBRAE) , OIZYS (MISERIA) , MOMOS (QUERELLA) , PHILOTES (GRATIA) , APATE (FRAUS) , ? (OBSTINACIA), THE MOIRAI (PARCAE) , THE HESPERIDES , THE ONEIROI (SOMNAI) (by Nyx ) (Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.17) ENCYCLOPEDIA E′REBOS (Erebos), a son of Chaos, begot Aether and Hemera by Nyx, his sister. (Hesiod. Theog. 123.) Hyginus (Fab. p. 1) and Cicero (de Nat. Deor. iii. 17) enumerate many personifications of abstract notions as the offspring of Erebos. The name signifies darkness, and is therefore applied also to the dark and gloomy space under the earth, through which the shades pass into Hades. (Hom. Il. viii. p. 368.) Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. ALTERNATE NAMES EREBUS & THE BIRTH OF THE COSMOS I. THE COSMOGONY OF HESIOD Hesiod, Theogony 115 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "Verily at first Khaos (Chaos, the Gap) [Air] came to be, but next wide-bosomed Gaia (Gaea, Earth) . . . and dim Tartaros (the Pit) in the depth of the wide-pathed Earth, and Eros (Love), fairest among the deathless gods, who unnerves the limbs and overcomes the mind and wise counsels of all gods and all men within them. From Khaos (Chaos) [Air] came forth Erebos (Erebus, Darkness) and black Nyx (Night); but of Nyx (Night) were born (Aether, Bright Upper Air) and Hemera (Day), whom she conceived and bore from union in love with Erebos. And Gaia (Gaea, Earth) first bore starry Ouranos (Uranus, Heaven), equal to herself, to cover her on every side." Pseudo-Hyginus, Preface (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "From Caligine (Mist) [was born] : Chaos. From Chaos [was born]: Nox (Night) [Nyx], Dies (Day) [Hemera], Erebus, Aether." Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3. 17 (trans. Rackham) (Roman rhetorician C1st B.C.) : "The parents of Caelus (Sky) [Ouranos (Uranus)], Aether (Upper Air) and Dies (Day) [Hemera] . . . fabled to be the children of Erebus (Darkness) and Nox (Night) [Nyx]." II. THE COSMOGONY OF ALCMAN Alcman, Fragment 5 (from Scholia) (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric II) (Greek lyric C7th B.C.) : "‘[First came] Thetis (Creation). After that, ancient Poros (Contriver) [perhaps Khronos (Chronos)] and Tekmor (Tecmor, Ordinance) [perhaps Ananke]’ : Tekmor came into being after Poros . . . thereupon . . . called him Poros (Contriver) since the beginning provided all things; for when the matter began to be set in order, a certain Poros came into being as a beginning. So Alkman (Alcman) represents the matter of all things as confused and unformed. Then he says that one came into being who set all things in order, then that Poros came into being, and that when Poros had passed by Tekmor followed. And Poros is as a beginning, Tekmor like an end. When Thetis (Creation) had come into being, a beginning and end of all things came into being simultaneously, and all things have their nature resembling the matter of bronze, while Thetis h


Across which European river do the Cat and Mouse castles face each other?

Rhine River boat trip | European Traveler My heart is warm with the friends I make, And better friends I'll not be knowing; Yet there isn't a train I wouldn't take, No matter where it's going. — Edna St. Vincent Millay, "Travel" RHINE RIVER MAGIC A dozen days of unique European history, adult fun, fantastic food and a good bit of pampering By Don Heimburger Photos by the author Gazing down on the wide and meandering Rhine River, from a spot at the outer courtyard of high Marksburg Castle that overlooks the 1,300-year-old German town of Braubach, the historic significance of where I am begins to sink in. And it hits me hard, in a good sort of way. I'm in the midst of fortresses and castles, neatly-planted vineyards, small ancient villages, all in close proximity to the driving force behind this beautiful valley--Germany's beautiful and romantic Rhine River. My adventure is a 12-day floating history tour on the sleek Viking Sun, one of many cruise ships that Viking operates on the Rhine, Main, Moselle and Danube rivers in Europe and elsewhere. This ship, a three-deck, 198-passenger liner with its own restaurant with panoramic views, large observation lounge, library and an internet cafe, cruises from Antwerp to Basel, Switzerland, a 677-mile journey back into time. Photo: Courtesy Viking River Cruises BRUSSELS AND BAGS Many passengers arrive in Brussels, a 45-minute train ride away, before boarding the ship that caters to English-speaking travelers. With bags tucked away in the cabin (there are 89 deluxe and 10 standard cabins on the ship, all with outside river views), passengers settle into a sit-down dinner in the evening. But the meals are only a small, but very inviting, reason for taking this cruise. The historic sights and beautiful scenery is dazzling, and it is laid out before me every day, all the time, from the comfort of a lounge chair, or a sundeck chair, or even the comfort of my on-board bedroom if I chose not to wander about the ship. BRUGGE IS BEAUTIFUL The first off-ship tour was by bus to Brugge, a beautifully preserved medieval town from 1128 that was famous for its wool and weaving. Much of the historic city center remains intact. The town boasts the Church of Our Lady with one of the world's highest brick towers at 400 feet high. Walking through the historic section, with classic buildings and elegant houses of former wealthy textile merchants, I felt like time had stood still, and that I was a resident of this quiet village in its heyday. At Rotterdam, passengers boarded buses for a trip to Delft to see the birthplace of the famous Dutch Master Jan Vermeer. Delft is known for its pottery called delftware, produced in this town for more than 500 years. A tour through this small but amazing factory, and a look at the numerous products it makes, gave me an insight into what makes this blue-and-white glazed earthenware, highly prized throughout the world. Holland is more water than land, it seems, and the Viking Sun floats through Rhine waterways and canals until it reaches Schoonhoven, a quaint 12,000-population riverside town, full of charm, canals of its own, and a large Town Gate (Ferry Gate) as you enter. The town formed around a castle that was built here in 1220, and shipping, brewing, fishing and agriculture have been the main industry. Little shops, with plenty of jewelry stores loaded with tempting rings, necklaces and bracelets, line the main street, which is divided by--you guessed it---a canal. This was an inviting town to visit, and the local beer tasted good as well which I sampled under a cafe umbrella on the town square. Next up on the land tours was Gouda, one of Holland's most famous cheese-making towns. In the center of town and the market square, a beautiful Gothic Town Hall sits smack in the middle, drawing lots of attention to itself. Try the cheeses while you're there! AMSTERDAM AND ANNE FRANK The Viking Sun's arrival on a Sunday in Amsterdam was greeted by a crowd of, I'd guess, 50,000 people near the dock. Well, at least I thought they were welcoming us, until I realized that


Which silent film won the 2011 Oscar for Best Film?

The Artist (2011) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC A silent movie star meets a young dancer, but the arrival of talking pictures sends their careers in opposite directions. Director: a list of 25 titles created 24 Jan 2012 a list of 21 titles created 06 Feb 2012 a list of 28 titles created 25 Feb 2012 a list of 26 titles created 07 Apr 2012 a list of 24 titles created 27 Jul 2014 Search for " The Artist " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     5     Oscars. Another    146 wins & 185 nominations. See more awards  » Videos The story of King George VI of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, his impromptu ascension to the throne and the speech therapist who helped the unsure monarch become worthy of it. Director: Tom Hooper Acting under the cover of a Hollywood producer scouting a location for a science fiction film, a CIA agent launches a dangerous operation to rescue six Americans in Tehran during the U.S. hostage crisis in Iran in 1980. Director: Ben Affleck During the Iraq War, a Sergeant recently assigned to an army bomb squad is put at odds with his squad mates due to his maverick way of handling his work. Director: Kathryn Bigelow A Mumbai teen reflects on his upbringing in the slums when he is accused of cheating on the Indian Version of "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?" Directors: Danny Boyle, Loveleen Tandan Stars: Dev Patel, Freida Pinto, Saurabh Shukla Los Angeles citizens with vastly separate lives collide in interweaving stories of race, loss and redemption. Director: Paul Haggis A young Shakespeare, out of ideas and short of cash, meets his ideal woman and is inspired to write one of his most famous plays. Director: John Madden Murderesses Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart find themselves on death row together and fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows in 1920s Chicago. Director: Rob Marshall Illustrated upon the progress of his latest Broadway play, a former popular actor's struggle to cope with his current life as a wasted actor is shown. Director: Alejandro G. Iñárritu An elderly Margaret Thatcher talks to the imagined presence of her recently deceased husband as she struggles to come to terms with his death while scenes from her past life, from girlhood to British prime minister, intervene. Director: Phyllida Lloyd Selfish yuppie Charlie Babbitt's father left a fortune to his savant brother Raymond and a pittance to Charlie; they travel cross-country. Director: Barry Levinson In the antebellum United States, Solomon Northup , a free black man from upstate New York, is abducted and sold into slavery. Director: Steve McQueen A faded country music musician is forced to reassess his dysfunctional life during a doomed romance that also inspires him. Director: Scott Cooper Edit Storyline Outside a movie premiere, enthusiastic fan Peppy Miller literally bumps into the swashbuckling hero of the silent film, George Valentin. The star reacts graciously and Peppy plants a kiss on his cheek as they are surrounded by photographers. The headlines demand: "Who's That Girl?" and Peppy is inspired to audition for a dancing bit-part at the studio. However as Peppy slowly rises through the industry, the introduction of talking-pictures turns Valentin's world upside-down. Written by L. Hamre Rated PG-13 for a disturbing image and a crude gesture | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 20 January 2012 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: $204,878        (USA) (18 November 2011) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia The breakfast montage in this movie, showing the breakdown of the marriage is a direct tribute to an almost identical montage in Orson Welles ' Citizen Kane (1941). See more » Goofs Women's fashions changed a great


Who in April 1500 discovered Brazil for Portugal?

Cabral Discovers Brazil | History Today Cabral Discovers Brazil Brazil , Portugal Empire Richard Cavendish explains how a fleet led by Pedro Álvares Cabral reached the Brazilian coast on April 22nd, 1500. The discovery of Brazil was an episode in the creation of a Portuguese commercial empire which in less than a hundred years extended to four continents. The Portuguese established West African coastal stations from early in the fifteenth century. In 1499 Vasco da Gama returned in triumph to Lisbon from his epoch-making voyage to India round the Cape of Good Hope. In the following year, King Manuel I sent a fresh expedition to India, of thirteen ships and 1,200 men. With da Gama pleading exhaustion, the command was given to a trusted courtier named Pedro Álvares Cabral, still only in his thirties. After a solemn Mass attended by the king in Lisbon, the fleet left the mouth of the Tagus early in March and sailed south-west past the African coast before turning out into the Atlantic to get the benefit of the prevailing winds and currents. Apparently carried further west than intended, Cabral’s ships crossed the Atlantic at its narrowest point and bumped accidentally into Brazil. This is the generally accepted story, at any rate, though there are suggestions that Portuguese voyagers had secretly reached the South American coast earlier and that Cabral’s landfall was no accident. At least it is clear that the Americas would have been discovered before long even if Columbus had not sailed the ocean blue in 1492. Cabral and his men sighted the hump of Monte Pascoal on the coast and sailed north for three days to find a landfall near what is now Porto Seguro. A reconnaissance party went ashore on April 21st and the main landing was made the following day, when Cabral formally claimed what he called True Cross Island for Portugal, erected a cross and held a Christian service to mark the occasion. (The territory fell to Portugal anyway, under the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494.) The local Amerindian population, still living in the Stone Age as hunter-gatherers and fishers, came out to see their white visitors. What they thought of them is not on record, but the expedition’s official scribe, Pero Vaz da Caminha, gave an account of Portuguese reactions in a letter to King Manuel, which has been called Brazil’s birth certificate. He portrayed a land of burgeoning fertility, populated by childlike naked savages. The male warriors painted their bodies vividly in red and black quarterings. The women were attractive and one had coloured her buttocks and thighs black, while leaving the rest of her body unadorned. ‘Another,’ he wrote, ‘had both knees and calves so painted, but her privy parts so naked and exposed with such innocence that there was no shame there.’ After staying another eight days, Cabral sailed back across the Atlantic to round the Cape of Good Hope and reach Calicut on the west coast of India. Behind him he left two degredados, exiled criminals, who acquired native women and fathered the first of Brazil’s mestizo population, which in time would vastly outnumber the Indians. A follow-up expedition of 1501 under Gonzalo Coelho, with Amerigo Vespucci as its chronicler, explored some 2,000 miles of the Brazilian coast and paved the way for subsequent systematic Portuguese settlement. Cabral, however, was given no further employment. He retired in dudgeon to his country estate until his death in 1520.


Which poetic eponymous character lived by the Gitchee, Gummee River?

Opera Today: August 2013 Archives August 30, 2013 Patricia Racette on Dolores Claiborne As Tobias has aptly stated, both of these women have made decisions that go against the conventions of societal propriety and acceptability, both to the peril of their own quality of life. On Monday, August 26, 2013, San Francisco Opera announced a major change in cast for the world premiere of Tobias Picker’s Dolores Claiborne which will take place on September 18, 2013. The title role will be sung by world-renowned American soprano Patricia Racette. MN: When did you learn that you would be singing the role of Dolores Claiborne? PR: I got official word sometime last weekend! It has been a real blur, as you can well imagine! The short answer is: NOT long ago! MN: What is your concept of the character of Dolores? Is she more of a heroine or more of a villain? PR: Definitely a heroine, of course! All joking aside, we all live as citizens of the world who face devastatingly difficult dilemmas. I have never personally experienced Dolores Claiborne's hardship, but I do find it relevant to address her conundrum. She DOES love her daughter; she does struggle with trying to make ends meet without the cushion that provides someone like her employer, Vera, with financial freedom. Dolores IS a victim of domestic violence, and her daughter HAS been molested by her father. Do we judge her for her actions or do we understand her reason for reacting? MN: How does the tessitura of the role lie for you? Do many changes have to be made from the original mezzo version? PR: This question seems to garner more response than I feel necessary! Tessitura is always a question for any role, whether for contemporary music, or for long-lived, tried, and hopefully true standard repertory as we know or perceive it. The original mezzo version is actually not definitively a mezzo role at all! It sits quite high in range with a frequent visit to the lower register, something with which I am frankly VERY comfortable. It is not unusual for a lyrico spinto soprano to enjoy great comfort with not only the upper range but also the lower extremities. Furthermore, it is typical as well as necessary for a world premiere, of which I have performed several, to involve collaboration between the LIVING composer and participating artists. Perhaps the most exhilarating aspect of preparing (at lightning speed in my case right now!) a new work is the conversation. It's not about voice type per se, but it IS about voice and making the story tell-able. That is what any great composer does, whether in the nineteenth century or the twenty-first. The composer ultimately wants to make HIS/HER voice heard! This concept does not subscribe to the conventional categorization of what we consider vocal classification. So, to answer the question: the role of Dolores Claiborne written by Tobias Picker does not actually pose any big challenges for my voice that cannot simply be addressed with some minor tweaking to accommodate both Tobias's and my view of how to make this character come to life. Those kinds of changes were, are, and would have been relevant no matter who was tackling the title role. One might be surprised about how minimal these adjustments are. They are perhaps contrary to what you might expect! MN: How long have you known Maestro Picker? PR: Tobias and I go back to the genesis of his first opera Emmeline, the title role of which I originated in 1996. So what's the math on that? Seventeen years? A LONG TIME. And I, of course, also originated the role of Roberta Alden in his An American Tragedy for the Met in 2004. Apparently the first relationship lasted, which is always a positive sign in our industry! MN: Was the role of Emmeline actually written for you? Are there parallels between Dolores and Emmeline? PR: No, as far as I know, Emmeline was not written in its 'brainchild state' for me, but ultimately I believe it WAS written for me! My connection with that project and that part was huge for me personally and professionally. On a personal level, I feel that Dolores is


Which European country's flag consists of 3 horizontal bands of blue, black and white?

World Flags World Flags This page lists of the various symbols in the World Flags group. Flags from countries around the world, including their origins, design and history. Edit this group The Flag of Albania (Albanian: Flamuri i Shqipërisë) is a red flag, with a silhouetted black double-headed eagle in the centre, that represents the sovereign state of Albania located in the Balkans. Adopted april 7, 1992 Flag of Algeria The national flag of Algeria (Arabic: علم الجزائر, Berber: Acenyal n Dzayer) consists of two equal vertical bars, green and white, charged in the center with a red star and crescent. The white color represents peace; the green, the beauty of nature; the red, the blood of those killed fighting for independence in the Algerian War (1954 to 1962) and the star and crescent represent Islam. Flag of Andorra The national flag of the Principality of Andorra (Catalan: Bandera d'Andorra) was adopted in 1866. The flag is a vertical tricolour of blue, yellow, and red with the coat of arms of Andorra in the centre. Although the three vertical bars may at first appear to be of equal width, the centre yellow bar is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of bar widths is 8:9:8. The overall flag ratio is 7:10. Flag of Bangladesh The national flag of Bangladesh was adopted officially on 17 January 1972. It is based on a similar flag used during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. The map was later deleted from the flag, most likely to simplify the design.[citation needed] A red disc is on top of the green field, offset slightly toward the hoist so that it appears centred when the flag is flying. The red disc represents the sun rising over Bengal, and also the blood of those who died for the independence of Bangladesh. The green field stands for the lushness of the land of Bangladesh. Flag of Barbados The national flag of Barbados was officially adopted on 30 November 1966, the island's first Independence Day. It consists of a triband of two bands of ultramarine, which are said to stand for the ocean; separated by a golden middle band, representing the sand on the island. A black trident-head (commonly called the "broken trident"), is centred within the golden band. Flag of Belarus The current national flag of Belarus (Belarusian: Сцяг Беларусі, Stsyah Byelarusi; Russian: Флаг Беларуси, Flag Belarusi) is a red and green flag with a white and red ornament pattern placed at the staff (hoist) end. The current design was introduced in 2012 by the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus, and is adapted from a design approved in a referendum in May 1995. The current flag is a modification of the 1951 flag used while the country was a republic of the Soviet Union. The changes from the Byelorussian SSR was to not only remove symbols of communism (the hammer and sickle and also the red star) but it reversed the colors of the ornament pattern from white on red with red on white. Since the 1995 referendum, several flags used by government officials and agencies were modeled from the national flag. Flag of Cameroon The national flag of Cameroon was adopted in its present form on 20 May 1975 after Cameroon became a unitary state. It is a vertical tricolor of green, red and yellow, defaced with a five-pointed star in its center. There is a wide variation in the size of the central star, although it is always contained within the inside stripe. Flag of Canada The National Flag of Canada, also known as the Maple Leaf and l'Unifolié (French for "the one-leafed"), is a flag consisting of a red field with a white square at its centre, in the middle of which is featured a stylized, 11-pointed, red maple leaf. Flag of Chile The national flag of Chile, consists of two unequal horizontal bands of white and red and a blue square the same height as the white band in the canton, which bears a white five-pointed star in the center. It was adopted on 18 October 1817. The Chilean flag is also known in Spanish as La Estrella Solitaria (The Lone Star). Flag of China The flag of the People's Republic of China is a


Who is the only American born winner of the F1 World Drivers' Championship?

Phil Hill, first American to win the Formula One championship, dies at age 81 - Wikinews, the free news source Phil Hill, first American to win the Formula One championship, dies at age 81 From Wikinews, the free news source you can write! Writing an article Phil Hill , the American Formula One race-car driver, has died today at age 81 in Salinas , California . Phil died from complications from Parkinson's Disease . He was set to travel to a historic meeting at Monterey but was rushed to hospital. His son Derek , also a racecar driver had to retire to look after his father. Phil Hill in 1962 at the Nürburgring . Image: Spurzem . Phil was the first American-born driver to win the Formula One World Drivers' Championship when he won the 1961 season . Italian -born American Mario Andretti , who won the Drivers' Championship in 1978 , is the only other American to have won. Phil Hill finished one point above the German Wolfgang von Trips , who died in a crash during the Italian Grand Prix . As well as winning the 1961 F1 Season, Phil also won the 24 Hours of Le Mans three times in 1958, 1961 and 1962. He continued to race up until 1966 when he retired. He failed to win another F1 race after the 1961 season. After retiring from racing he spent his time collecting vintage cars. He judged at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance a record 38 times. "It's a sad day," said close friend Carroll Shelby . "Phil was an excellent race car driver with a unique feel for the car, and his real expertise was in long-distance racing." Have an opinion on this story? Share it! Sources


In which book of the Bible is the battle of Armageddon mentioned?

Top 7 Bible Verses About Armageddon Top 7 Bible Verses About Armageddon July 18, 2015 by Jack Wellman 1 Comment Here are 7 of the top Bible verses on Armageddon or areas that are related to this place. Defining the word Armageddon Megiddo is a real place or real location and it’s in the Middle East, just east of present day Israel. It is located to the east of the Plains of Jezreel, which is just south of Galilee in what was originally Judea. Armageddon is really a compound word and apparently came from the Hebrew words “har Megiddo” which means “mountain of Megiddo.” Megiddo is not really a mountain but a large hill that was created ago where ancient forts were built as a defense against other nations. This could be the same place where Josiah was killed by Pharaoh Necho that is mentioned in 2nd Chronicles 35:22. When Napoleon saw this area, he said it is the perfect place to stage a battle and many Bible scholars believe that there will be another battle; a final, titanic battle between end-time forces and one that will end this present evil world’s system and which comes just prior to Jesus Christ establishing the kingdom of heaven. The word “Armageddon” is only found in one place in Scripture but the events that are thought to take place there are mentioned in several places in the Bible and those are the ones we’ll examine. Revelations 16:15-16 “Look, I come like a thief! Blessed is the one who stays awake and remains clothed, so as not to go naked and be shamefully exposed.” Then they gathered the kings together to the place that in Hebrew is called Armageddon.” This is the one and only place that Armageddon is mentioned by name and this battle takes place “on the great day of God Almighty” and this is really no contest because no one can fight against God and expect to win. Isaiah 13:9 “Behold, the day of the Lord comes, cruel, with wrath and fierce anger, to make the land a desolation and to destroy its sinners from it.” It is believed that the battle Isaiah is writing about takes place on what is called “the day of the Lord” and could well be in reference to the battle of Armageddon because the land will be made desolate and the purpose is “to destroy its sinners from it” and by the use of the word “it” this could be in reference to a place (Armageddon?) as well as a day (“on the great day of God Almighty). Even though this oracle is about Babylon, some believe that there are two Babylon’s’ the former and the latter and both will fall. There was the ancient one that fell and the one mentioned in Revelation 18:2 where it says she is “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great!” could possibly mean the previous fall of Babylon and the fall of the one from the future. And much like ancient Babylon, this last Babylon will be the world’s dominant power. Revelation 16:14 “For they are demonic spirits, performing signs, who go abroad to the kings of the whole world, to assemble them for battle on the great day of God the Almighty.” This verse leads into the verses that speak of the cataclysmic battle where “they gathered the kings together to the place that in Hebrew is called Armageddon” (Rev 16:16) showing who are those inspiring this coming bloodbath. How their great wickedness and evil has so deceived their heart to even make them think that they can defeat the Omnipotent God Who only needs to speak and all resistance is crushed. That’s what pride does…it deceives a person or in this case, demonic spirits, into thinking that they have a chance at overcoming the God of the Universe. Revelation 20:7-9 “And when the thousand years are ended Satan will be released from his prison and will come out to deceive the nations that are at the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them for battle; their number is like the sand of the sea. And they marched up over the broad plain of the earth and surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city, but fire came down from heaven and consumed them.” This battle will be like no other battle that has ever taken place because Satan has the power to “go out to deceive the


Which Englishman discovered oxygen in 1774?

Joseph Priestley, Discoverer of Oxygen National Historic Chemical Landmark - American Chemical Society American Chemical Society Joseph Priestley, Discoverer of Oxygen Joseph Priestley and the Discovery of Oxygen International Historic Chemical Landmark Dedicated August 1, 1994, at the Joseph Priestley House in Northumberland, Pennsylvania, USA, and August 7, 2000, at Bowood House in Wiltshire, UK. Landmark Lesson Plan: Joseph Priestley, Discoverer of Oxygen When Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen in 1774, he answered age-old questions of why and how things burn. An Englishman by birth, Priestley was deeply involved in politics and religion, as well as science. When his vocal support for the American and French revolutions made remaining in his homeland dangerous, Priestley left England in 1794 and continued his work in America until his death. Contents “Joseph Priestley Discoverer of Oxygen” commemorative booklet produced by the National Historic Chemical Landmarks program of the American Chemical Society in 2004 (PDF). About Joseph Priestley Some 2,500 years ago, the ancient Greeks identified air — along with earth, fire and water — as one of the four elemental components of creation. That notion may seem charmingly primitive now. But it made excellent sense at the time, and there was so little reason to dispute it that the idea persisted until the late 18th century. It might have endured even longer had it not been for a free-thinking English chemist and maverick theologian named Joseph Priestley. Priestley (1733-1804) was hugely productive in research and widely notorious in philosophy. He invented carbonated water and the rubber eraser, identified a dozen key chemical compounds, and wrote an important early paper about electricity. His unorthodox religious writings and his support for the American and French revolutions so enraged his countrymen that he was forced to flee England in 1794. He settled in Pennsylvania, where he continued his research until his death. The world recalls Priestley best as the man who discovered oxygen, the active ingredient in our planet's atmosphere. In the process, he helped dethrone an idea that dominated science for 23 uninterrupted centuries: Few concepts "have laid firmer hold upon the mind," he wrote, than that air "is a simple elementary substance, indestructible and unalterable." In a series of experiments culminating in 1774, Priestley found that "air is not an elementary substance, but a composition," or mixture, of gases. Among them was the colorless and highly reactive gas he called "dephlogisticated air," to which the great French chemist Antoine Lavoisier would soon give the name "oxygen." It is hard to overstate the importance of Priestley's revelation. Scientists now recognize 92 naturally occurring elements-including nitrogen and oxygen, the main components of air. They comprise 78 and 21 percent of the atmosphere, respectively. Engraving of Joseph Priestley by Charles Turner, after a painting by Henry Fuseli. Courtesy The Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection, The University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Understanding the Composition of Air In the mid-18th century, the concept of an element was still evolving. Researchers had distinguished no more than two dozen or so elements, depending on who was doing the counting. It wasn't clear how air fit into that system. Nobody knew what it was, and researchers kept finding that it could be converted into such a variety of forms that they routinely spoke of different "airs." The principal method for altering the nature of air, early chemists learned, was to heat or burn some compound in it. The second half of the 1700s witnessed an explosion of interest in such gases. The steam engine was in the process of transforming civilization, and scientists of all types were fascinated with combustion and the role of air in it. British chemists were especially prolific. In 1754, Joseph Black identified what he called "fixed air" (now known to be carbon dioxide) because it could be returned, or fixed, into the sort of solids from which it was


In legend, Vanderveken and his ship The Flying Dutchman are condemned to sail until the Day of Judgement off which headland?

Resource-file for the book: "SAIL -in 80 pages around the World"     - 001 - 080 are for the frontsides of the pages     - 081 - 160 are resources for the reverses (mainly etchings and maps) 161 - 185 = used in (´Ocean Memory Game´) 186 - 217 = used in 2014 travel journal 218 - 250 = used in 2015 travel journal tags: mm (multimedia programm) and postcard This page relates to the book: "SAIL, a Voyage around the World in 80 Pages" and a multimedia programm.   The links given below are kept updated as much as possible, however files on the internet change fast and there may also be better and more updated sources. Therefore, your comments and additions to this list are more than welcome: robert@WATER-artproject.com 002a -WATER "There is something primordial about traveling on water, even for short distances. You are informed that you are not supposed to be there not so much by your eyes, ears, nose, palate, or palm as by your feet, which feel odd acting as an organ of sense. [ Water unsettles the principle of horizontality, especially at night, when its surface resembles pavement.] No matter how solid its substitute -the deck- under your feet, on water you are somewhat more alert than ashore, your faculties are more poised. On water, for instance, you never get absentminded the way you do in the street: your legs keep you and your wits in constant check, as if you were some kind of compass" 'Watermark', Joseph Brodsky, 003  geometer -'GOD -the Geometer' God as Architect/ Builder/ Geometer/ Craftsman, The Frontispiece of Bible Moralisée Description: Science, and particularly geometry and astronomy / astrology, was linked directly to the divine for most medieval scholars. The compass in this 13th century manuscript is a symbol of God´s act of Creation. God has created the universe after geometric and harmonic principles, to seek these principles was therefore to seek and worship God. Circa 1220-1230, illumination on parchment, 34.4 x 26 cm (13.5 x 10.2 in) Accession number: Codex Vindobonensis 2554, f.1 verso Source/Photographer: archiv.onb.ac.at tags: #God #Geometer   003a  geometer -Eduardo Paolozzi Paolozzi follows William Blake's 1795 print "Newton" in illustrating how Isaac Newton's equations changed our view of the world to being one determined by mathematical laws (1995). Statue of Newton (after Paolozzi) in the British Library courtyard (London)   ©: phot.: David Olivier, Wikimedia CC tags: #Paolozzi #geometer 004  fractals -Sea Urchin A fractal is a never ending pattern. Fractals are infinitely complex patterns that are self-similar accross different scales. ( www.fractalfoundation.org ) Lamarck - 'Sea Urchin' (detail) Jean Baptiste (Pierre Antoine) de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck [1744-1829] Sea urchins are sea creatures that live in oceans all over the world. Similar to sea stars, sea urchins have a water vascular system. Their spherical shape is typically small, ranging from about 3 cm to 10 cm in diameter, and their bodies are covered with a spiny shell. The skeleton of a sea urchin is also known as the test. The shells within the test of these creatures are made up of packed, fitted plates which protect them from being damaged. The spines, outlining their shell, are movable and help to camouflage or protect itself from predators. Sea urchins can vary greatly in colour. On the bottom side of a sea urchin there are five teeth that these organisms use to ingest algae and break down other foods they consume to survive.   ©: public domain ref. # 004a  fractals -Andreas Ritter von Ettingshausen (1796-1878) Section of Clematis, 4 March 1840 whole-plate daguerreotype annotated ´Etamatic Querschnitt/14 Mai (lin...) vergrössern / Mit dem dag. Hydrogen Kaltlicht [...] / in fünf Minuten / Wein 4. März 1840 A.v. Ettingshausen tags: #Andreas Ritter von Ettingshausen #daguerreotype #fractals 004b  fractals -Leonardo de Vinci's 'Flower of Life' A picture of one of Leonardo da Vinci's drawings of the ornamental structure named today 'Flower of Life'. Date between 1478 and 1519, source: Codex Atlanticus , fol. 307v   ©: PD = Publ


What codename was given to the Allied invasion of Sicily in WW2?

Invasion of Sicily - World War II - HISTORY.com Invasion of Sicily A+E Networks Introduction After defeating Italy and Germany in the North African Campaign (November 8, 1942-May 13, 1943) of World War II (1939-45), the United States and Great Britain, the leading Allied powers, looked ahead to the invasion of occupied Europe and the final defeat of Nazi Germany. The Allies decided to move next against Italy, hoping an Allied invasion would remove that fascist regime from the war, secure the central Mediterranean and divert German divisions from the northwest coast of France where the Allies planned to attack in the near future. The Allies’ Italian Campaign began with the invasion of Sicily in July 1943. After 38 days of fighting, the U.S. and Great Britain successfully drove German and Italian troops from Sicily and prepared to assault the Italian mainland. Google The Allies Target Italy When the Allies won the North African Campaign on May 13, 1943, a quarter-million German and Italian troops surrendered at Tunisia, on the north coast of Africa. With the huge Allied army and navy in the southern Mediterranean now freed for further action, British and American strategists faced two options: Transfer these forces north for the impending invasion of Europe from the English Channel, or remain in theater to strike at southern Italy, which British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (1874-1965) called “the soft underbelly of Europe.” At this crossroads, the Allies, after some dissension, decided to press north into Italy. The stepping stone to its mainland would be the island of Sicily, in part because the Allies could depend on fighter cover from air bases on British Malta, 60 miles south of Sicily and recently freed from a siege by Axis forces. Did You Know? British Lieutenant Commander Ewen Montagu (1901-1985), mastermind of Operation Mincemeat, described the ingenious counterintelligence operation in his 1954 book "The Man Who Never Was." A 1957 film of the same name featured Montagu in a cameo as a British intelligence officer critical of the plan. The invasion was assisted by some subterfuge. In April 1943, a month before the Allied victory in North Africa, German agents recovered the body of a British Royal Marine pilot from the waters off a Spanish beach. Documents in an attaché case handcuffed to the officer’s wrist provided a goldmine of intelligence about the Allies’ secret plans, and German agents quickly sent the documents up the chain of command where they soon reached German leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). Hitler studied the captured plans carefully, and, taking full advantage of their top-secret details, directed his troops and ships to reinforce the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, west of Italy, against an impending Allied invasion. There was only one problem: The recovered body–which was not a Royal Marine but actually a homeless man from Wales who had committed suicide–and its documents, were an elaborate British diversion called Operation Mincemeat. By the time Hitler redirected his troops in the summer of 1943, a massive Allied invasion force was sailing to Sicily. The Allies Land at Sicily The invasion of Sicily, code-named Operation Husky, began before dawn on July 10, 1943, with combined air and sea landings involving 150,000 troops, 3,000 ships and 4,000 aircraft, all directed at the southern shores of the island. This massive assault was nearly cancelled the previous day when a summer storm arose and caused serious difficulties for paratroopers dropping behind enemy lines that night. However, the storm also worked to the Allies’ advantage when Axis defenders along the Sicilian coast judged that no commander would attempt amphibious landings in such wind and rain. By the afternoon of July 10, supported by shattering naval and aerial bombardments of enemy positions, 150,000 Allied troops reached the Sicilian shores, bringing along 600 tanks. The landings progressed with Lieutenant General George S. Patton (1885-1945) commanding American ground forces and General Bernard L. Montgomery (1887-1976) leadin


By what name is the pre-historic animal the smilodon better known?

Smilodon Smilodon Named By: Peter Wilhelm Lund - 1842. Classification: Chordata, Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae, Machairodontinae. Species: S. populator (type), S. fatalis, S. gracilis. Type: Carnivore. Size: Individuals usuaully around 1-1.2 meters high at the shoulder. largest species by body weight is S. populator. Known locations: Throughout North and South America. Time period: Throughout the Pleistocene, till the very early Holocene. Fossil representation: Hundreds of individual specimens.        Whenever you hear someone mention a ‘Sabre Toothed Tiger’, what they are really talking about, whether they realise it themselves or not, is Smilodon. This is because Smilodon does not belong to the same cat family as Tigers, which belong to the Pantherinae group. As a member of the Machairodontinae, a more acceptable generic name for Smilodon is 'Sabre toothed cat'. This is not to be pedantic; it's just about being factually correct so that people do not learn the wrong information.        Smilodon has a very wide expanse in the fossil record with the earliest species S. gracilis being known from the early Pleistocene till the Ionian stage about five-hundred-thousand years ago. Not only is S. gracilis the earliest species of Smilodon, it is also the smallest with weight estimates between 55 to a 100Kg.        S. fatalis is more intermediate in size with estimates of 160-280Kg. Its entry in the fossil record incorporates the final three sixths of Smilodon's temporal range 1.6 million years ago near the start of Calabrian, till the early Holocene ten-thousand years ago. This overlaps the existence of S.gracilis by a little over one million years.        The largest and last species of Smilodon is S. populator, known in the fossil record from the upper part of the Calabrian till the early Holocene ten thousand years ago. Study of Smilodon remains also indicates that for a period of five-hundred-thousand years between the Calabrian and Ionian stages, all three species would have existed and been active at the same time as one another.        One interesting hunting theory is that Smilodon would lurk in the tree canopy waiting for a prey animal to walk underneath. Smilodon would then drop out of the trees and onto the animals back, sinking its teeth into it is neck before it even knew what had hit it. This is especially plausible for S. gracilis, as if its size estimates of 55-100 Kg are correct, it would be in roughly the same weight class as a modern leopard, a big cat which is known to spend a lot of time in trees.        However, S. populator was a much larger species of Smilodon, and as such would need either larger or more prey. With maximum weight estimates approaching half a metric ton , its large weight would also restrict its ability to drop from the trees. Although it may still have been able to drop from rocks which would be better able to support its weight, this still may have been a too passive method of hunting to support itself as a larger body would require more food to fuel it. For this reason it is highly likely it would at least on occasion switch to a different method of finding food. 1 - Smilodon (large), 2 - Miracinonyx (American cheetah), 3 - Xenosmilus , 4 - Panthera leo atrox (American lion), 5 - Homotherium .        Large numbers of Smilodon have been recovered from the La Brea tar pits in California. In fact the recovered remains are in the hundreds, with an unknown number still waiting to be found. Smilodon would have been lured to this predator trap on the false promise of free food as other animals had become stuck and began struggling and calling out in distress. Many carnivorous animals, not just Smilodon, ended up getting stuck themselves as indicated by the vast numbers and types of remains.        This indicates that Smilodon like other predators was not above scavenging, either at La Brea or other locations. This does not mean that Smilodon was just a s


Mount Aso has the world's largest active volcanic crater. In which country is it situated?

Aso | Volcano World | Oregon State University OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY has produced more explosive eruptions than any other volcano  in the world.   caldera about 12 miles (20 km) in diameter. Of the numerous stratovolcanoes  and cinder cones inside the caldera only Naka-dake has been active in historic  time. The first documented eruption in Japan was at Naka-dake in 553. Since  then, Naka-dake (shown above) has erupted 167 times. The most recent eruption  ended in 1993. Most eruptions of Naka-dake are small to moderate in size. Most  are simple explosions that produce flows in historic time. Only 8 eruptions have caused fatalities. Most fatalities  are tourists on the rim of the cone. Note people sledding and skiing in the  foreground. Photograph courtesy of and copyrighted by Paul  J. Buklarewicz.       Looking across Aso caldera. One of the numerous cones inside the caldera is in the foreground. Photograph courtesy of and copyrighted by Paul J.  Buklarewicz.   eruptions, December 30, 1991. Photograph by Mike Lyvers.   Space Shuttle Photo of Aso caldera.   Aso's caldera wall. The central complex of active and inactive volcanoes in the middle of the caldera from the same viewpoint as above. Naka-dake, the active crater , blowing a smoke ring. The inactive craters at Naka-dake with people standing on the rim of the active crater (out of sight to the left) for scale.   A sulfurous lake in one of the inactive craters.   A panorama of Naka-dake's active (left) and inactive craters (right), summer 1990.   shelters placed near the edge of Naka-dake's active crater for tourists to shelter in if there is a shower of bombs. The crater edge and steam column.   A view looking down inside Naka-dake's active crater. By day, steam obscures the view but minor fireworks were visible at night - winter 1991. Dr. Kikuchi of the Aso Volcanological Laboratory and his system of underground lasers which he uses to measure the degree of inflation of the volcano. The bomb shelters buried in recent ashfall prior to the summer of 1992. The crater with a lake formed during the rainy season of 1992. There were occasional small geyser-like eruptions from this lake. The beautiful Takachiho Gorge near Mt. Aso, with its columnar


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In which Dickens' novel does Mrs Jarley's Waxworks appear?

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Charles Dickens and Music by James T. Lightwood AT PEMBROKE HOUSE, LYTHAM PREFACE For many years I have been interested in the various musical references in Dickens' works, and have had the impression that a careful examination of his writings would reveal an aspect of his character hitherto unknown, and, I may add, unsuspected. The centenary of his birth hastened a work long contemplated, and a first reading (after many years) brought to light an amount of material far in excess of what I anticipated, while a second examination convinced me that there is, perhaps, no great writer who has made a more extensive use of music to illustrate character and create incident than Charles Dickens. From an historical point of view these references are of the utmost importance, for they reflect to a nicety the general condition of ordinary musical life in England during the middle of the last century. We do not, of course, look to Dickens for a history of classical music during the period—those who want this will find it in the newspapers and magazines; but for the story of music in the ordinary English home, for the popular songs of the period, for the average musical attainments of the middle and lower classes (music was not the correct thing amongst the ‘upper ten’), we must turn to the pages of Dickens' novels. It is certainly strange that no one has hitherto thought of tapping this source of information. In and about 1887 the papers teemed with articles that outlined the history of music during the first fifty years of Victoria's reign; but I have not seen one that attempted to derive first-hand information from the sources referred to, nor indeed does the subject of ‘Dickens and Music’ ever appear to have received the attention which, in my opinion, it deserves. I do not profess to have chronicled all the musical references, nor has it been possible to identify every one of the numerous quotations from songs, although I have consulted such excellent authorities as Dr. Cummings, Mr. Worden (Preston), and Mr. J. Allanson Benson (Bromley). I have to thank Mr. Frank Kidson, who, I understand, had already planned a work of this description, for his kind advice and assistance. There is no living writer who has such a wonderful knowledge of old songs as Mr. Kidson, a knowledge which he is ever ready to put at the disposal of others. Even now there are some half-dozen songs which every attempt to run to earth has failed, though I have tried to ‘mole 'em out’ (as Mr. Pancks would say) by searching through some hundreds of song-books and some thousands of separate songs. Should any of my readers be able to throw light on dark places I shall be very glad to hear from them, with a view to making the information here presented as complete and correct as possible if another edition should be called for. May I suggest to the Secretaries of our Literary Societies, Guilds, and similar organizations that a pleasant evening might be spent in rendering some of the music referred to by Dickens. The proceedings might be varied by readings from his works or by historical notes on the music. Many of the pieces are still in print, and I shall be glad to render assistance in tracing them. Perhaps this idea will also commend itself to the members of the Dickens Fellowship, an organization with which all lovers of the great novelist ought to associate themselves. JAMES T. LIGHTWOOD. Lytham, October, 1912. I truly love Dickens; and discern in the inner man of him a tone of real Music which struggles to express itself, as it may in these bewildered, stupefied and, indeed, very crusty and distracted days—better or worse! Thomas Carlyle. CHAPTER I DICKENS AS A MUSICIAN The attempts to instil the elements of music into Charles Dickens when he was a small boy do not appear to have been attended with success. Mr. Kitton tells us that he learnt the piano during his school days, but his master gave him up in despair. Mr. Bowden, an old schoolfellow of the novelist's when he was at Wellington House Academy, in Hampstead Road, says th


The WMO is an agency of the UN dealing with what?

United Nations Foundation - UN Agencies, Funds and Programs UN Agencies, Funds and Programs PRINT THIS PAGE UN Agencies, Funds and Programs The United Nations’ system is comprised of the UN itself and more than 30 affiliated organizations — known as programs, funds, and specialized agencies — with their own membership, leadership, and budget processes. These groups work with and through the UN to promote worldwide peace and prosperity. UN Programs and Funds UN programs and funds are financed through voluntary contributions rather than assessed contributions. They include the following programs: • United Nations Development Program (UNDP) – On the ground in 166 countries, UNDP is the UN’s global development network, focusing on the challenges of democratic governance, poverty reduction, crisis prevention and recovery, energy and environment, and HIV/AIDS. UNDP also coordinates national and international efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals aimed at poverty reduction. Recently UNDP helped Liberia prepare for national elections that put Africa’s first woman president, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, in office. It has helped Thailand build solar-power water pumping stations. And it has helped earthquake damaged regions of Pakistan with long-term development planning. UNDP also publishes the annual Human Development Report. • Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, UNHCR protects refugees worldwide and facilitates their return home or resettlement. UNHCR is working on the ground in over 116 countries, helping 20.8 million persons in areas including Lebanon, Darfur, southern Sudan, Afghanistan, and Iraq. • United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) – UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and development assistance to children and mothers. Recent UNICEF initiatives have included polio immunization for 5.5 million children in Angola, helping girls enroll and stay in school in 34 African countries, and reintegrating child soldiers in Sierra Leone into civil society. • World Food Program (WFP) – WFP, which aims to eradicate hunger and malnutrition, is the world’s largest humanitarian agency. Every year, the program feeds almost 100 million people in over 80 nations. WFP has delivered aid to Darfur, to Pakistan in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake, and to southern Asia following the tsunami. • United Nations Drug Control Program (UNDCP) – UNDCP helps Member States fight drugs, crime, and terrorism. Aside from providing laboratory services, this Program helps to improve cross-border cooperation. • United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) – UNFPA works on the ground in 140 nations to “ensure that every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV/AIDS, and every girl and woman is treated with dignity and respect.” • United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) – UNEP coordinates the United Nations’ environmental activities. It develops international environmental conventions, assesses global environmental trends, encourages new civil sector partnerships, and strengthens institutions so they might better protect the environment. • UN Women – The creation of UN Women came about as part of the UN reform agenda, bringing together resources and mandates for greater impact. It merges and builds on the important work of four previously distinct parts of the UN system, which focused exclusively on gender equality and women’s empowerment. UN Specialized Agencies The United Nations’ specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and funded by both voluntary and assessed contributions. These agencies include the: • World Bank – The World Bank focuses on poverty reduction and the improvement of living standards worldwide by providing low-interest loans, interest-free credit, and grants to developing countries for education, health, infrastructure, and communications, among other things. The World Bank works in over 100 countries. • International Monetary Fund (IMF) – The IMF fosters economic growth and employmen