Pete Townsend and Roger Daltrey are the only surviving members of which pop group who had its first hit record in England in 1965?

Pete Townshend - Biography - IMDb Pete Townshend Biography Showing all 81 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (7) | Trivia  (41) | Personal Quotes  (27) Overview (4) 6' (1.83 m) Mini Bio (1) Born in Chiswick, London just ten days after the German surrender in 1945, Townshend grows up in a typical middle-class home. His parents, Cliff and Betty Townshend, are both musicians, and as a child he accompanies them on dance band tours. Townshend starts playing guitar at 12. He goes to art school and, after several stints in local semi-professional bands, forms the rock group The Who in 1963 with singer Roger Daltrey , bass player John Entwistle and drummer Keith Moon . The Who start out as the ultimate, violent anti-establishment band; they soon gain notoriety for ear-splitting live performances, smashing their equipment on stage and wrecking hotel rooms, leaving havoc everywhere they go. As the group's mastermind and main songwriter, Townshend later establishes himself as an eminent musical auteur and the thinking man's rock guitarist after penning such now legendary concept albums as "Tommy", the abandoned "Lifehouse" and "Quadrophenia", which combine the energy of rock'n'roll with the orchestral and thematic ambitions of opera. After Keith Moon 's accidental death in 1978 and a few unconvincing farewell tours with new drummer Kenney Jones , The Who break up. The 80's find Townshend struggling with his identity as an aging rock godfather, fighting drug problems and increasing hearing troubles. In 1989, he roars back with a 25th anniversary tour of The Who , later a Broadway revival of "Tommy" (an eventual Tony winner) and several other ambitious musical, theater and film projects. Widely known as the windmilling, leaping about guitarist for The Who , Townshend is also a premier songwriter, accurately self-reflective lyricist and inspired multi-media entrepreneur. Both "Tommy" and "Quadrophenia" were made into energetic films. The Kids Are Alright (1979), the band's biography movie, is interesting not only for The Who fans, but also from a filmmaker's point of view. Townsend's haunting songs have been used on the soundtrack of countless pictures. He stands out as one of rock music's most gifted and influential artists who has, despite being forever tied to the rebellious image of his youth, decided to somehow grow old with dignity. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Christoph Stappert Spouse (1) ( 20 May  1968      - 2000) (divorced) (3 children) Trade Mark (7) Smashes his guitars after great live performances "The Windmill" (strumming a guitar by swinging the whole extended arm in a circle) Revolutionised the use of Gibson SG guitars Powerslide (hitting a power chord while jumping and sliding across the stage on his knees) Often starts songs with a simple four chord riff Beard Elongated nose Trivia (41) Has three children: Emma (born in 1969), Aminta (born in 1971) and Joseph (born in 1989). Pete Townshend is the lead guitarist with The Who (rock band) along with Roger Daltrey and the late John Entwistle and Keith Moon . Daughter, Emma, is now a recording artist in her own right. His father Clive was a saxophonist with The Squadronaires Royal Air Force dance band. His mother Betty was a singer. His father-in-law Edwin Astley composed the theme music for The Saint (1962). When he was a young boy, his parents separated and left him with his maternal grandmother, who was clinically insane. Longtime companion is musician Rachel Fuller . Officially left The Who in late 1983, one year after the band completed its "farewell" tour. At the time of the tour, the band had said they would continue to record and play live sporadically, but after rehearsing new material the following year, Townshend decided it was time to pack it in. They continue to play live and even tour on occasion, as bands often do after breaking up. Best known solo albums include 'Empty Glass' (1980), 'All the Best Cowboys Have Chinese Eyes' (1982), and 'White City - a Novel' (1985). Overcame serious drug and alchohol addictions in


"What mineral takes its name from the Greek word for ""unquenchable"" or ""inextinguishable""?"

Asbestos Removal Sydney Asbestos Removal Sydney Trucks we load Asbestos Removal Sydney The importance of correct removal & disposal of asbestos cannot be underestimated. Using ‘backyard’ or unlicensed operators can pose a risk to the health & safety of you, your family & the wider public. Asbestos Removal Sydney ATR is a long established, reputable asbestos removal company that prides itself on its experience & commitment to safety. ATR offers the following non-friable asbestos removal services. ( Non-friable asbestos means material containing asbestos that is not friable asbestos, including material containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound. ) About Asbestos About Asbestos Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals used commercially for their desirable physical properties. The prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibres can cause serious illnesses including malignant lung cancer, mesothelioma, & asbestosis. A total ban came into effect in Australia on the 31st December 2003. Asbestos can no longer be imported, used or recycled. Asbestos became increasingly popular among manufacturers & builders because of its sound absorption, tensile strength, its resistance to fire, heat, electrical & chemical damage, & affordability. Prior to the risks & health hazards of asbestos becoming widely known, asbestos containing materials (ACM’s) were widely used in the construction of many homes & workplaces throughout Australia. The most common uses of Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM’s) in the home or workplace include: Many purpose built structures such as garages, sheds, external laundries & toilets Roofing Meanings for key asbestos terms Meanings for key asbestos terms Airborne asbestos means any fibres of asbestos small enough to be made airborne. For the purposes of monitoring airborne asbestos fibres, only respirable fibres are counted. Asbestos means the asbestiform varieties of mineral silicates belonging to the serpentine or amphibole groups of rock forming minerals, including actinolite asbestos, grunerite (or amosite) asbestos (brown), anthophyllite asbestos, chrysotile asbestos (white), crocidolite asbestos (blue) & tremolite asbestos or a mixture of any of these. Asbestos containing material (ACM) means any material or thing that, as part of its design, contains asbestos. Asbestos-contaminated dust or debris (ACD) means dust or debris that has settled within a workplace & is (or is assumed to be) contaminated with asbestos. Asbestos-related work means work involving asbestos (other than asbestos removal work to which Part 8.7 of the WHS Regulations applies) that is permitted under the exceptions set out in regulation 419(3), (4) & (5). Asbestos removalist means a person conducting a business or undertaking who carries out asbestos removal work. Asbestos removal work means: work involving the removal of asbestos or ACM Class A asbestos removal work or Class B asbestos removal work as outlined in Part 8.10 of the WHS Regulations. Competent person in relation to carrying out clearance inspections under regulation 473 means a person who has acquired through training or experience the knowledge & skills of relevant asbestos removal industry practice & holds a certification in relation to the specified VET course for asbestos assessor work or a tertiary qualification in occupational health & safety, occupational hygiene, science, building, construction or environmental health. For all other purposes, competent person means a person who has acquired through training, qualification or experience, the knowledge & skills to carry out the task. Exposure standard for asbestos is a respirable fibre level of 0.1 fibres/ml of air measured in a person’s breathing zone & expressed as a time weighted average fibre concentration calculated over an eight-hour working day & measured over a minimum period of four hours in accordance with: the Membrane Filter Method A method determined by the relevant regulator. Friable asbestos means material that is in a powder form or that can be crumbled, pulverised or re


The city was founded under the rule of King Byzas around 660 BC. What name was officially adopted for the city in 1930?

5 Big Cities That Changed Their Names | Mental Floss 5 Big Cities That Changed Their Names The Four Lads sang a song in 1953 about a city that changed its name . Take me back to Constantinople No, you can't go back to Constantinople Now it's Istanbul, not Constantinople Why did Constantinople get the works? That's nobody's business but the Turks' Constantinople isn't the only city to change its name. I grew up learning about Bombay, Canton, Leningrad, and Saigon (especially Saigon), but those names aren't used much anymore. Here are the stories of a few city names, new and old. 1. Bombay is now Mumbai The big city in the state of Maharashtra, India was called Kakamuchee and Galajunkja in ancient times. In the Middle Ages, it was referred to as Manbai. There is still disagreement about how the name Bombay came about. On the one hand, Bombay is seen as an English corruption of Mumbai, which is a name derived from the Hindu goddess Mumbadevi. On the other hand, the name may have come from bom baim, a Portuguese phrase meaning "good little bay", although there are doubts due to the issue of the word genders. The city was ruled by Portugal from 1535 to 1661. Variation of the name included Mombayn, Bombay, Bombain, Bombaym, Monbaym, Mombaim, Mombaym, Bambaye, Bombaiim, Bombeye, and Boon Bay, all of which are documented spellings. When the British took possession of the city in 1661, they put a stop to all this nonsense and decided the name would be Bombay. India achieved independence from the British Empire in 1947. The idea of a new, purely Indian name gained favor over the years and became a political campaign in the 1980s and 90s. When the Hindu nationalist party Shiv Sena won a majority of seats in the state assembly in 1995, the name Mumbai, which was commonly used in some local languages, was officially adopted . The name is a return to India's past and a homage to Mumbadevi, the goddess who is the patron saint of the city. Image by Flickr user d ha rm e sh . 2. Canton is now Guangzhou The city of Guangzhou, China was founded under the name Panyu in 214 BC. Four hundred years later, it was named the capital of Guang prefecture and people began to call the city Guangzhou, which literally means Guang prefecture. Portugal established a trading monopoly in Guangdong province in the 1500s, and the name CantÃ£o began to be used, which became Canton. No one is quite sure how the name CantÃ£o or Canton actually came about, but it is believed to be a European phonetic mispronunciation of Guangzhou or Guangdong. The name Guangzhou was officially adopted by the city in 1918. So the city was never officially named Canton at all! Nevertheless, westerners used Canton on maps and travel schedules, and in geography and travel books until the late 20th century. Image by Flickr user Gijs Budel . 3. Saigon is now Há»“ ChÃ Minh City The original name of the Kmer village that eventually became Saigon was Prey Nokor. The earliest reference to the name SÃ i GÃ²n was in 1698, as the village was taken from Cambodia by the Vietnamese. It is thought that the term SÃ i GÃ²n was a Vietnamese translation of the Kmer words Prei Kor, which means Kapok Tree Forest or City of Kapok Trees . The area was actually a swamp, but its location made it a strategic seaport. The small fishing village grew into a modern city under the French, who took over in 1859 and called it Saigon. Saigon became the capital of Vietnam in 1949, and when the country split in 1954, Saigon remained the capital of South Vietnam. About that time, Saigon merged with Cholon on the other side of the Saigon River. No matter how it evolved, the name Saigon was a symbol of colonialism, so when the north defeated the south in 1975, the city lost its status as capital. The following year it was officially renamed for the deceased communist leader Há»“ ChÃ Minh. Image by Flickr user Andrin Villa . 4. St. Petersburg is now St. Petersburg (again) The original name of the small Russian town that became St. Petersburg is long gone, but it was only a tiny village before the Tsar arrived. Tsar Pe


The Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem is a shrine for which religion?

Dome of the Rock shrine, Jerusalem Overview:      The       dome of the Rock shrine, with a large golden dome and an       octagon structure, was built  in 691AD, and named  after Khalif Omar. The rock is, according to Muslim tradition, the spot       where prophet Mohamed ascended to heaven.  According to Jewish       tradition, the rock was the center of Holy of Holiest, the center       point of God's dwelling and the creation of the world. It is one of the       most beautiful and enduring shrines in the World, and remained       almost untouched throughout the years.    Location:     The       shrine is located in the center of the Temple mount , on a raised platform -       4m above the level of the temple mount.  The raised platform       area is 23 Dunam (5.7 acres), about half of the the entire temple       mount (48 dunams - 11.87 acres).    Biblical period     This was       the location of the first temple built by King Solomon (950BC) and       destroyed by the Assyrians (586BC), and the second temple (initially       built by the returning exiles in 516BC).   Roman Period     The area       of the dome of the rock was part of the great second temple which was built by Herod the Great, King of Israel under the Romans, at about 20BC. After       the Romans crushed the great revolt (70AD), the temple was leveled       and was in ruins until the end of the Byzantine period.   Arab       period      The       Arabs conquered Jerusalem in 638AD, and Khalif Omar visited and       prayed in the site in that year.  The dome of the Rock shrine, with the large golden dome and an octagon structure, was       built by the Umayyad Khalif Abdul-Malik ibn Marwan. The construction       started in 689 and completed in 691 (72 years       according to Muslim calendar), as indicated on an interior mosaic       inscription. There are, however, other suggestions for a later       completion date (696, as in the links below ).      The       shrine is named after Khalif Omar. It is one of       the most beautiful and enduring shrines in the World, remaining       almost untouched throughout the years. The Dome of the Rock was originally       built as a shrine, and is not a typical mosque.      The name dome was derived from its golden Dome, and "Rock" is named       after the "foundation rock". The rock is in the center of the mosque,       and according to Jewish tradition was the place where Abraham came       to sacrifice his son Isaac. The rock, according to the faith, is the center of the world.       According to Muslim tradition, prophet Muhammad ascended back to       Mecca from this rock after his night journey.   Crusaders       In 1099 the Crusaders called the Temple mount as "Templum       Domini", turned the Dome of the rock to a church, adding a cross on       the dome.       The dome of the rock appears on the left side of the royal seal         of Baldwin III, Crusader King of Jerusalem (1143-1163). In the         center of the seal is the tower of         David , on the right is the icon of the Holy Sepulcher , and the walls of         Jerusalem appear surrounding these sites.          The structure       of the Dome is based on an Octagon shape, where each of its sides is a       rectangle measuring 18m by 11m.     The       golden dome height is 20.5m, mounted on a cylinder based on 16       columns. Its diameter is 20m.       The       rock is located in the center of the shrine. An       upright crescent moon - a symbol of Islam - stands above the roof of       the dome, facing north-south.            The Dome of the Rock shrine is located in the center of a large         raised trapezoidal platform (marked with orange), on top         of the temple mount (t


Who is credited with finding the cross used by Jesus and the remains of the Three Wise Men?

The Story Of The Three Kings Home The Story Of The Three Kings [The Story Of The Three Kings]   [Some Twelfth Night Customs]   [St. Nicholas In England]   [Father Christmas And His Family]   [Pantomime In The Past And Present]   [Saint Nicholas In Europe]   [Saint Nicholas In America]   [All About Yule Tide]   [More Christmas Articles]   ( Originally Published 1909 ) In the Latin countries, that is to say, in Italy and the southernmost edge of France, Switzerland and Austria, our good old friend Santa Klaus rarely acts as the bearer of gifts at the Christmas season. Even Russia, though she has adopted Saint Nicholas as her patron saint, and celebrates his day in her own way, gives him no special place in the festivities that attend the birthday of Christ. Indeed in all these countries it is not Christmas but the Epiphany, not December 25th but January 6th, which is the day on which presents are exchanged among friends and relations. Epiphany, best known among English-speaking peoples as Twelfth Day, is the feast of the Three Kings, who figure in the New Testament story as the Magi or Wise Men of the East. You will undoubtedly remember how these Wise Men were warned of the birth of Christ by the appearance of a strange star in the heavens, and how, by following its guidance they arrived at the stable in Bethlehem where the Savior had been born. They brought with them gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh which they presented to the Holy Child. It was in memory of the gift-bearing kings that Epiphany among the Latin and Russian peoples is celebrated as the season for exchanging presents. Little is said in the New Testament about these wise men. Popular legend has greatly filled out the Biblical story. It makes them three rich and powerful monarchs:-Caspar, King of Tarsus, the land of myrrh; Melchior, King of Arabia, where the land is ruddy with gold, and Balthasar, King of Saba, where frankincense flows from the trees. According to some authors these kings were of the race of Balaam, the Old Testament prophet, who had prepared the Gentiles for the coming of Christ into the world. He had foretold that a new star should appear in that part of the sky under which lay the land of Judea, and had warned his descendants that when they saw the star they should follow it and should go to adore a great king who would be born somewhere in Judea and be Lord of the Universe. Even from the time of Balaam, it is added, sentinels had been posted upon a mountain towards the east, in order that as soon as the star rose into view they should give notice of it to the lords of the country, that the latter might go without delay to pay reverence to the new king. This notice, as it happened, was not necessary in the case of Caspar, Melchior and Balthasar. Being very wise and learned kings they were under the special care of the Holy Spirit, who informed them in person of the appearance of the star. Each of them at once gathered together a retinue of servants, as well as troops of horses, camels and dromedaries, all of which were laden with the choicest products of their respective countries. Then they started out in search of the new born king. They looked up to the star as their guide, for it moved forward as they moved, and they well knew that it had been sent to show them the way. Where the three kings met is not told, but they arrived in Jerusalem together. As soon as they had entered the city gates the star which had guided them disappeared. Now this was in accordance with the will of God,that on the failure of their starry guide the kings might make inquiries in the capital of Judea, and by these means publish abroad the birth of the Son of God. Hence Herod and the Jews in general could have no excuse for ignoring this great event, and "the care and diligence of the Magi would reprove their negligence and indifference, because having Christ so near them, they did not seek Him, while these strangers came from distant countries for this cause alone." And in fact the three kings, as they rode through the streets of Jerusalem, asked of every o


Exclusive: Pat Field Has John Galliano Conspiracy Theories  | StyleCaster Exclusive: Pat Field Has John Galliano Conspiracy Theories What's hot 0 by Dee 6 years ago So by now, both the fashion flock and the general public probably just want to forget about John Galliano and his controversial, hateful video that has swept the world. I think all of us could agree that what he said was unequivocally wrong, but it begs the questionhow well do we really know Mr. Galliano? StyleCaster had the chance to catch up with the designer’s long time friend and colleague, Patricia Field , who wanted to weigh in on the matter: “Beauty, intelligence and energy would describe John as I know him. Where in this trilogy could one find hate?I ask you! My second question is: what exactly did he say? And my third is, what is really going on here?” – Patricia Field I think it’s safe to say that Patrica Field, who has known the designer for decades, is just as surprised at Galliano’s rant as we are. Also, she seems to suspect that this incident isn’t the real reason that Dior let him go. But the thing that we can’t wrap our heads around is this: How could he say such ugly things when his art evokes the complete opposite? In response to this question, Patricia Field chalks it up to the theactrics John is famous for. “We have always known John Galliano and loved him for his theatre. I would interpet this incident as another example of his theatre. If you would see him on stage instead of a club, you’d think its a play, which is exactly what it is,” she said.


Why was Captain William Kidd hanged in 1701?

Execution of Captain Kidd | History Today Execution of Captain Kidd Early Modern (16th-18thC) London , England Maritime Richard Cavendish recalls the death of the pirate William Kidd, executed on May 23rd, 1701. The body of William Kidd hangs in a gibbet at Tilbury Point, on the River Thames. Drawing from 'The Pirates Own Book', Charles Ellms, 1837 William Kidd spent his last days on earth in Newgate Gaol, where on Sunday May 18th, 1701, he heard his final sermon, preached by the prison chaplain on the cheerful text, ‘For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ.’ Kidd still hoped for a reprieve, and the others who had been condemned with him for piracy received it – all except one, an Irishman named Darby Mullins. On the afternoon of the 23rd, they were taken, with two Frenchmen who were also to die, from Newgate in two horse-drawn carts, guarded by marshals and led by the Admiralty Marshal and the silver oar which was the Admiralty’s symbol. To the chaplain’s shocked disapproval, Kidd was the worse for drink. At five o’clock, low tide, they reached Execution Dock at Wapping, a few yards below Wapping Old Stairs, in the presence of a large and lively crowd. There was a permanent gallows for pirates there and after the hanging the corpses were customarily chained to a post on the foreshore, where they were left until three tides had flowed over them, as an example. Kidd spoke to the crowd, warning all ship-masters to learn from his fate. Then the four men were turned off, but Kidd’s rope snapped and he fell to the ground with the noose round his neck, still alive and dazed. The pestering chaplain prayed over him once more and he was hoisted up again, and that was that. His body was taken to be hanged in chains at Tilbury Point. Kidd was in his mid-fifties when he died. The line between piracy and government-sponsored privateering was narrow and he does not seem to have been the typical swashbuckling pirate of popular fiction. He did not maroon anyone or make people walk the plank, but legends clustered round him which turned him into a name to conjure with. A Scot by birth, from Greenock on the Clyde and according to tradition the son of a Presbyterian minister, he emerges into history in 1689 as a buccaneer in the Caribbean. A doughty fighter, a fine seaman and evidently a man of some presence, he turned into a privateer captain in British service, sent to pillage French settlements in the West Indies. He acquired a well-to-do wife and property in New York City. Kidd was in London in 1696, when he set off on the voyage that was to be his undoing. He left Deptford in February in his ship Adventure Galley of 287 tons and 34 guns – probably a cross between a sailing ship and an oared galley – with a government commission to suppress pirates in the Indian Ocean. It took him almost a year to reach Madagascar and the East African coast and he then thought it more profitable to turn pirate himself. Hoisting the blood-red flag, or French colours when it suited him, he captured several merchant ships and in a furious rage when his crew were on the verge of mutiny, he struck his ship’s gunner, William Moore, with an iron-bound bucket, ‘laying him in his gore’ as the popular ballad had it. Moore’s skull was fractured and he died within twenty-four hours. In January 1698 Kidd seized a valuable ship of 400 tons, the Quedah Merchant, on her way from Bengal round the southern tip of India, carrying silk, muslin, calico, sugar and opium. A substantial part of the cargo belonged to one of the Mughal Emperor’s courtiers and there were Armenian merchants on board. With what was now his own little flotilla, Kidd presently sailed for the West Indies, arriving in April 1699 to discover that the government had proclaimed him a pirate. He left the Quedah at the island of Hispaniola, where she was unloaded and subsequently burned, bought a small ship called the Antonio and sailed to Boston, where he tried to convince the British governor, the Earl of Bellomont, that he was innocent of the accusations against him. Bellomont had him


"Who wrote the novel ""Wives and Daughters""?"

Elizabeth Gaskell: Biography Elizabeth Gaskell: Biography [ Victorian Web Home —> Authors —> Elizabeth Gaskell —> Works ] In November 1865, when reporting her death, The Athenaeum rated Gaskell as "if not the most popular, with small question, the most powerful and finished female novelist of an epoch singularly rich in female novelists." Today Gaskell is generally considered a lesser figure in English letters remembered chiefly for her minor classics Cranford and Wives and Daughters: An Every-day Story. Gaskell's early fame as a social novelist began with the 1848 publication of Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life, in which she pricked the conscience of industrial England through her depiction and analysis of the working classes. Many critics were hostile to the novel because of its open sympathy for the workers in their relations with the masters, but the high quality of writing and characterization were undeniable, and critics have compared Mary Barton to the work of Friedrich Engels and other contemporaries in terms of its accuracy in social observation. The later publication of North and South, also dealing with the relationship of workers and masters, strengthened Gaskell's status as a leader in social fiction. Gaskell's fiction was deeply influenced by her upbringing and her marriage. The daughter of a Unitarian clergyman who was a civil servant and journalist, Gaskell was brought up after her mother's death by her aunt in Knutsford, a small village that served as the prototype not only for Cranford but also for Hollingford in Wives and Daughters and the settings of numerous short stories and novellas. In 1832 she married William Gaskell, a Unitarian clergyman in Manchester in whose ministry she actively participated and with whom she collaborated to write the poem "Sketches Among the Poor" in 1837. "Our Society at Cranford," now the first two chapters of Cranford, appeared in Dickens' Household Words on 13 December 1851 and was itself a fictionalized version of an earlier essay "The Last Generation in England." Dickens so liked the original episode that he pressed Gaskell for more; at irregular intervals between January 1852 and May 1853 eight more episodes appeared./p> Two controversies marred Gaskell's literary career. In 1853 she shocked and offended many of her readers with Ruth, an exploration of seduction and illegitimacy prompted by anger at moral conventions that condemned a "fallen woman" to ostracism and almost inevitable prostitution — a topic already touched on in the character of Esther in Mary Barton. The strength of the novel lies in its presentation of social conduct within a small Dissenting community when tolerance and rigid morality clash. Although some Element of the "novel with a purpose" is evident, Gaskell's sensitivity in her portrayal of character and, even more, her feel for relationships within small communities and families show a developing sense of direction as a novelist. Although critics praised the soundness of the novel's moral lessons, several members of Gaskell's congregation burned the book and it was banned in many libraries. Even Gaskell admitted that she prohibited the book to her own daughters, but she nevertheless stood by the work./p> The second controversy arose following the 1857 publication of The Life of Charlotte Brontë. The biography's initial wave of praise was quickly followed by angry protests from some of the people dealt with. In a few instances legal action was threatened; however, with the help of her husband and George Smith the problems were resolved without recourse to law. The most significant complaint resulted from Gaskell's acceptance of Branwell Brontï¿½'s version of his dismissal from his tutoring position (he blamed it on his refusal to be seduced by his employer's wife) and necessitated a public retraction in The Times, withdrawal of the second edition, and a revised third edition, the standard text. Despite the initial complications and restrictions necessitated by conventions of the period (Gaskell did not, for example, deal with Brontï¿½'s f


"What wild animal appears in a traditional ""Punch and Judy"" show?"

Punch & Judy Judith Lile Photos     by Judith Lile and Jim Sneed       The character of  ï¿½Punchï¿½ made his earliest appearance in the 14th century in Italy, in the Commedia delï¿½Arte dramas, when he was Pulcinella.  Later, in France in the 16th century, he became Polichinelle,     the ï¿½hunchbacked fool of French farce,ï¿½  and,     in 17th century diaries and journals, he is seen in England     as Punchinella, Mr. Punch, and finally,     Punch. Punch and Judy shows reached their greatest popularity  in England in  street     shows, fairs, and small theatres during the 19th century.  Until     this time, the often-bawdy shows were directed to adult audiences, but     now they had begun attracting more and more children. Toy Punch and Judy     shows began to appear. Like other toys, these playthings re-created in     small scale the real-life delights of the world in which children lived.  Most of the puppets were made in Germany, hand- carved in wood  or shaped with papier mache,     with exaggerated features  and     colorful costumes , ranging generally from  about  8ï¿½ to 20ï¿½     in height.  There were     usually 6 to 12 figures in a set, though the number varied. Some came     with stages, decorated with fancy fabrics and pictures of the performers;  others have the name ï¿½Guignolï¿½ written across the top.     Guignol was the name of a mischievous boy puppet created by a dentist in     Lyon, France, in the late 18th century. Though this puppet     had a button nose and a cute face, he shared Punchï¿½s love of     outwitting authority and making sport of it. The word ï¿½Guignolï¿½     later became synonymous with ï¿½puppet.ï¿½ Carved wood set of          8, Germany.  18" high.  These came with a          provenance (see the 1934 birthday party clipping) dating them          at 1890.  The group includes the basic characters:  Punch, Judy, the Ghost, the Devil, Jack Ketch, Jim Crow, the Constable,  and another figure.(?)  Though the Devil and the          Ghost were not in common use in the actual puppet shows by          this time, toymakers could hardly resist including two          such appealing and scary subjects.      Itï¿½s     easy to see the appeal for children of the Punch and Judy shows ï¿½     characters of all stripes, silly, nonsensical plots and dialogues,     quaint, decorated, little stages.  Often     a live dog, Toby, sat in front of the stage with a ruff around his neck     and a hat on. Punch, furthermore, could commit the most heinous of acts     and get away with it!  Throw     the baby out of the window, whack his wife with a big stick,  kill off the authorities that come to take him to jail, chase the     ghost away, and, his greatest triumph, vanquish the devil himself, all     with a merry grin.  Pleased     as Punch. There was very little in the way of  plot that the street watchers had to follow -  Punch must contend with a shrewish wife and a screaming baby so     he murders them both and is then forced to defend himself from  the law officials and do-gooders who try to get him to the     gallows.  Whether he     succeeds in overcoming them is the suspense of the drama, though the fun     is in watching how Punch dispatches them all.  The variation in the dramas came from the talent of the     puppeteers (called ï¿½Professorsï¿½) who brought the characters to life     with their own humor and skill and sense of the outrageous.       The dialogues were passed on orally without much written     down, but some authentic texts and scraps do exist.  For example, the following is from a performance in 1906, a     conversation between Punch and Mr. Jones ( the neighbor, earlier called Scaramouch) about a lost (or found) dog: .          Jones.            I lost the dog three weeks ago.            Punch.           I  found a dog three weeks ago.            Jones.            That shows t


"Who plays Bree Van De Kamp in the US TV series ""Desperate Housewives""?"

Marcia Cross - Photo 2 - Pictures - CBS News Marcia Cross Actress Marcia Cross, who is Bree Van De Kamp in ABC-TV's "Desperate Houswives," smiles during a photo session in New York, Thursday, Jan. 12, 2006. Credit: AP Actress Marcia Cross, who is Bree Van De Kamp in ABC-TV's "Desperate Houswives," smiles during a photo session in New York, Thursday, Jan. 12, 2006. Credit: CBS Actress Marcia Cross arrives to the 63rd Annual Golden Globe Awards at the Beverly Hilton on Jan. 16, 2006 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Cross was a nominee for best actress in a movie, musical or comedy for her role on ABC's "Desperate Housewives." Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Frazer Harrison Actress Marcia Cross arrives at the world premiere of the movie "The Producers" in Los Angeles on Monday, Dec. 12, 2005. Credit: AP Actress Marcia Cross attends a Boston Common magazine holiday season bash at the Wang Center on Nov. 28, 2005, in Boston, Mass. Cross, a Massachusetts native, and star of ABC's "Desperate Housewives" was on the cover of the November issue. Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Darren McCollester Marcia Cross, Felicity Huffman, Nicollette Sheridan, Teri Hatcher and James Denton, standing left to right, pose as they arrive for a special screening of the film "Transamerica," starring Huffman, during AFI Fest presented by Audi at the ArcLight Theatre in Hollywood, Calif., on Nov. 6, 2005. Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Frazer Harrison Actress Marcia Cross arrives at the 32nd Annual Crystal Ball at the Beverly Hilton Hotel Oct. 19, 2005, in Los Angeles. Cross plays Bree Van De Kamp in ABC-TV's "Desperate Houswives." Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Phil McCarten Marcia Cross arrives for the 57th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards on Sunday, Sept. 18, 2005, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. Cross was nominated for outstanding lead actress in a comedy series for her work on ABC-Tv's "Desperate Housewives." Credit: AP Marcia Cross, Nicollette Sheridan and Brenda Strong, shown left to right, pose for photographers in Rome, Italy, on Monday, June 27, 2005, during the presentation of their TV series "Desperate Housewives." The show was scheduled to be broadcast in Italy in the fall. Credit: AP "Desperate Housewives" star Marcia Cross arrives at the Costume Institute Gala held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York on Monday, May 2, 2005. Cross is also well known for her former role as Dr. Kimberly Shaw on the hit drama "Melrose Place." Credit: AP Marcia Cross arrives for the premiere of the movie "Crash" on Tuesday, April 26, 2005, at The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in Beverly Hills, Calif. Credit: AP Felicity Huffman, left, and Eva Longoria kiss Marcia Cross as Brenda Strong is seen behind them at the 11th annual Screen Actors Guild Awards on Feb. 5, 2005. They won an award for outstanding performance by an ensemble in a comedy series for their work on "Desperate Housewives." Credit: AP Marcia Cross arrives at the 31st Annual People's Choice Awards on Sunday, Jan. 9, 2005, in Pasadena, Calif. Cross portrays perfect Bree Van De Kamp on "Desperate Housewives." Credit: AP Felicity Huffman, Marcia Cross, creator Marc Cherry, Eva Longoria and Teri Hatcher, standing left to right, attend the "Desperate Housewives" Premiere Party on Oct. 3, 2004, at Barney's, in Beverly Hills, Calif. Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Stephen Shugerman


What colour are the stars on the US flag?

United States of America This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website United States of America Patriotic Symbols In 1960, a star was added, representing Hawaii , bringing the total number of stars to 50. There are thirteen stripes representing the thirteen original colonies. According to President Dwight Eisenhower's Executive Order (#10834, published 25 August, 1959) the 50-Star flag would become the "official flag of the United States on July 4, 1960." Nick Artimovich, 21 February 1996 What Shade of Red/White/Blue The official specification for federal procurements of U.S. flags is set by the General Services Administration. At the Defense Technology Information Center website www.dtic.mil is GSA "Federal Specification, Flag, National, United States of America and Flag, Union Jack," DD-F-416F, dated March 31, 2005. It specifies the colors by reference to "Standard Color Cards of America" maintained by the Color Association of the United States, Inc. This is a color system designed for textile use - appropriate, since flags are made of cloth! The specifications are:       Cable No. 70180    Old Glory Red       Cable No. 70001    White       Cable No. 70075    Old Glory Blue Various sources give different Pantone equivalencies for these colors. The most plausibly authoritative are those provided on miscellaneous American Embassy websites, including American Embassy London. It gives the red as PMS 193 and the blue as PMS 282. On the other hand, Texas state law says the Texas state flag has the same colors as the U.S. flag, and that they are red PMS193 and blue PMS281. It should be noted that flags produced other than for the executive branch of the government are not bound by any of this. Joe McMillan, 25 September 2001 In the mid or late 1950s, (if I'm not mistaken), the US government intentionally "darkened" the shade of red used in American flags. Before this, the color of red used in US flags was sometimes referred to as "Chinese" red. Well, with anti-communist sentiment being rather high at the time, it simply wouldn't do to have Chinese red stripes on the American flag and thus the change. To most folks who even pay attention it's a very subtle thing. Clay Moss, 31 January 2007 It's hard to know what the colors of actual old flags originally were, because there were no specifications in many cases and the examples we have will have faded. There was a change in the color specification at some point in the mid-20th century, at least with regard to the blue. It was changed from "national flag blue" to "Old Glory blue." There are still some official US flags that use "national flag blue"--the color of infantry regiments, I think, and the flag of the Secretary of State. "Old Glory blue" is just a little darker. But within the standard palette used on FOTW, both of them would be B+++ (RGB 0:0:102); there's not enough of a difference between them to justify using a lighter shade for NF blue. Don't recall what the former shade of red was called (Clay says Chinese red, but I think that's more of a characterization than an official name), but I would guess that the present "Old Glory red" came into use at the same time as "Old Glory blue." Joe McMillan, 31 January 2007 US Ensign The ensign of the United States is the same as the national flag - the Stars and Stripes. As far as I have ever been able to determine, there are no laws, regulations, orders, etc., regulating the methods of displaying the ensign on US merchant ships, other than those prescribed by the same Flag Code that pertain on land--which has the standing of a recommended code of best practices without any penal provisions. Merchant vessels' display of the US flag is governed largely by custom, not by regulation or law. Joe McMillan, 3 July 2005


"What is the English translation of the title of Mozart's opera ""Die Zauberflte""?"

Facts about Mozart's "Die Zauberflöte" (The Magic Flute) Updated November 15, 2015. Die Zauberflöte Fact 1: Die Zauberflöte was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1791.  The opera's libretto was written by Emanuel Schikaneder, a well-rounded man of theatre who was a highly regarded producer, actor, singer, and composer.   Read the synopsis of Die Zauberflöte .  Schikaneder, with the help of his partner Bartholomäus Zitterbarth, was the creator and constructer of the famous Theater an der Wien, one of the world's largest and extravagant theaters of at the time of its completion in 1801. Die Zauberflöte Fact 2: When Emanuel Schikanede wrote the  libretto  for The Magic Flute, he borrowed from a handful of sources including Jean Terrason’s Sethos, Yvain, Abbé, On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, as well as fairy tales from the Dschinnistan. He also drew upon his own experiences as a Freemason. Die Zauberflöte Fact 3: Mozart's opera is widely known as a Masonic allegory. Both Mozart and Schikaneder were Freemasons, and throughout the opera, the symbolism they employed becomes easily apparent. continue reading below our video Top 5 Longest Running TV Shows  The opera's plot reflects ideals of the Age of Enlightenment, a belief in liberty, progress, knowledge, and religious freedom, as well as the rejection of the church and its abuses.  The Queen of the Night represents the church, while Sarastro represents the Enlightenment. Die Zauberflöte Fact 4: Die Zauberflöte was the last opera Mozart composed, and it premiered on September 30, 1791 - roughly three months before Mozart died. Mozart himself conducted the orchestra, while the librettist, Emanuel Schikaneder, sang the role of Papageno. Die Zauberflöte Fact 5: When Mozart wrote this opera, many of the vocal passages were written specifically for the singers that would premier his work.  These parts, especially for singers playing the roles of The Queen of the Night and Sarastro, proved to be quite the challenge for later performers.  The Queen of the Night's famous arias "Der Hölle Rache" and "O zittre nicht, mein lieber Sohn" require the singer to sing F6, which is roughly two and a half octaves above middle C on a piano, and Sarastro has to sing F2, which is one and a half octaves lower than middle C.  These vocal ranges require great skill and vocal agility.  ( Discover your own vocal range and voice type. )  Mozart accommodated less experienced performers by doubling their voice parts within the orchestra. Die Zauberflöte Fact 6: The Queen of the Night's aria, "Der Hölle Rache kocht in meinem Herzen" is one of the most well-known opera aria's of all time. Read the English translation of "Der Hölle Rache."   Taking place in the second act, this difficult aria demands a two octave vocal range and and an agile lyric soprano voice with enough weight and drama to convey the seriousness of the scene.   Watch a YouTube video of one of my favorite performances of "Der Hölle Rache" played by Diana Damrau. Die Zauberflöte Fact 7: Though reviews of the opera's initial performances have been lost to time, it is evident by the opera's 100 following performances that Die Zauberflöte was a complete success.  Since its creation over two hundred years ago, the opera has become one of the world's most performed operas.   According to 2012-2013 Operabase statistics, the opera was ranked in fourth place.  Die Zauberflöte Fact 8: Here is a short list of films in which you'll hear music from Mozart's Die Zauberflöte ( view more listings of classical music used in movies at Naxos ): All the Wrong Places (2000) Amadeus (1984) House of Last Things (2013) I Sweet Sixteen (2002)


Which cricket team was accused of being the subject of rigging the result of an international cricket game against England at Lords in August 2010?

Pakistani cricket scandal - the worst match-rigging scam or just the latest? | Daily Maverick Being uninformed is so last season 29 December 2016 19:42 (South Africa) Sport Pakistani cricket scandal - the worst match-rigging scam or just the latest? Sipho Hlongwane Sipho Hlongwane Sipho Hlongwane is a writer and columnist for Daily Maverick. His other work interests also include motoring, music and technology, for which he has some awards. In a previous life, he drove forklift trucks, hosted radio shows, waited tables, and was once bitten by a large monitor lizard on his ankle. It hurt a lot. Arsenal Football Club is his only permanent obsession. He appears in these pages as a political correspondent. Sport 30 Aug 2010 07:03 (South Africa) The Pakistani match-fixing scandal of 2010 is the biggest cricketing scandal since Hansie Cronje claimed, “The devil made me do it”. Or, if it isn’t yet, it’s going to be, thanks to Pakistan’s entirely predictable and entirely wrong response. By SIPHO HLONGWANE. On 29 August, News of the World broke the story of how a businessman and club owner named Mazhar Majeed had fixed the Lord’s Test between England and Pakistan. According to the report, Majeed and four Pakistani players were in on the fix. “In the most sensational sporting scandal ever, bowlers Mohammad Amir and Mohammad Asif delivered THREE blatant no-balls to order. Their London-based fixer Mazhar Majeed, who let us in on the betting scam for £150,000, crowed ‘This is no coincidence’ before the bent duo made duff deliveries at PRECISELY the moments promised to our reporter. Armed with our damning dossier of video evidence, Scotland Yard launched their own probe into the scandal.” Police have reportedly confiscated the phones of four Pakistani cricketers who were named by Majeed as being part of the fix: Amir, Asif, wicket keeper Kamran Akmal as well as skipper, Salman Butt. There are three other unnamed players Majeed said he controlled. Scotland Yard said they’d “arrested a 35-year-old man on suspicion of conspiracy to defraud bookmakers”, after the News of the World report. The fix, according to Majeed, was made on “brackets”, or groups of 10 overs in a Test match. Usually, betters wager on how well a player will do in 10 overs, based on their performance in the first three. For instance, if a batter gets a good run rate in the first three overs, punters will back that player to keep that rate up for the duration of the bracket. However, fixers could bribe the player to suddenly slow his rate down in a certain over, making those who were in on the fix large amounts of money by betting on the sudden loss of form or turnabout. Photo: Two of the accused, Pakistan's captain Salman Butt and Mohammad Amir at the end of the first day of the fourth cricket test match against England at Lord's cricket ground in London August 26, 2010. Picture taken August 26, 2010. REUTERS/Philip Brown News of the World said Majeed supplied information to crooked bookies and spread betters. However, Majeed’s information is so detailed, down to the exact moment when a no-ball will happen, that he probably had spot betters (where the risks are much higher) in his pocket as well. The world of cricket is still reeling from the revelation that a good portion of the Pakistani team is allegedly corrupt. Former International Cricket Council president Ehsan Mani said, “It has come as an absolute shock to me. I don't know how this could happen. What was the Pakistan team management doing? I also blame the ICC anti-corruption unit, when a newspaper could uncover all this, what was the unit doing? It is a shame for cricket.” Many others, including former players, administrators and politicians are calling for those found to have been involved in the scam to be banned for life. The Guardian’s Richard Williams was most crestfallen in his assessment of the unfolding events. “Cricket was never a wholly clean game,” he wrote in his Guardian blog. “Whatever we like to imagine, it has seldom been entirely free from the dangerous lure of money, whether it was gent


Which TV series made in different countries includes characters with names such as Lace, Siren, Titan, Amazon, Panther, Warrior, Ice, Scorpio, Lightning, Blade, Cyclone, Flash, Force, Shadow, Thunder, Viper, Nitro and Cobra?

IMDb: Lists by sleepwell2 Lists by sleepwell2 :THE MARVEL UNIVERSE [Real / Fancast] (MN) a list of 2,597 people A list of who I think would be right for which Marvel roles as well as current actors who I think suit their current role. Also I know not all of theses characters are currently owned by Marvel movie company but no matter who owns them from year to year they'll always be Marvel to me. If you would like a detailed look with pictures of all the characters & actor's commore e checkout my new Facebook page & of coarse feel free to share your ideas. https://www.facebook.com/MarvelCastingCall Also it would be greatly appreciated to let me know if you notice any mistakes, I know a fair amount on comics but Im now where close to knowing everything. (AT = After Transformation, B4 = Before Transformation) (?????? = Unsure if playing the role mentioned in the above character)   a list of 74 people It's a school located in Mumbai. / * ELEKTRA Stavros NATCHIOS / Erynys / Olive Oil / Perfect Death - The lethal scarlet assassin. Daredevil's most fearsome enemy as well as his former lover and most renowned as being the greatest assassin in the world. / Access The Junkman Sen. Eugene Kligger Stivak THE REAL SHIELD is an organization set up after Nick Fury step down & Shield was being rebuilt after being infiltrated by Hydra to over look Coulsons SHIELD in case Furys plan didn't work & Coulson failed at rebuilding SHIELD or he lost his sanity & couldn't lead after being injected with an alien based serum used to bring him back to life during the Chitari attack on New York - SHIELD has tried several times to form special teams of super-powered operatives; such efforts have generally ended in failure. / Blue Streak (Thompson)------? Vamp~ (B4 T) There has been two teams of Howling Commandos. The first was active in WWII, consisting of Nick Fury and others. The second one that was active recently consisted mostly of supernaturals and monsters. / Fred Jones ENEMIES - NAZIS The Red Guard is an elite team of SHIELD agents in the House of M universe, created when the Scarlet Witch re-built reality to fit her desires. Wolverine is their leader, but when he apparently goes rogue, the rest of the team is forced to hunt him down. / Arclight Diamond Lil The World Counterterrorism Agency or W.C.A., was formed by a large group of ex-SHIELD agents, including Barbara Morse a.k.a. Mockingbird, following the events of Secret Invasion. / Bangs London Twitchy Howard Stark assembled this team to kidnap Recorder 451 and defeat the aliens known as the Greys who established a casino on Earth. / * A secret subdivision of S.H.I.E.L.D. dealing with temporal anomalies. /* S.H.I.E.L.D. Robot Hunter Squad /* Femme Force is a special SHIELD unit consisting of only women. / * There has been three teams of Howling Commandos. The first was active in WWII, consisting of Nick Fury and others. The second one that was consisted mostly of supernaturals and monsters. The current one is a team consisting of black ops specialists with cutting edge tech. / Joshua Pryce ENEMIES - Nazis The Strategic Scientific Reserve was formed in 1940 on the orders of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Though the United States wasn't directly involved in World War II at the time, Roosevelt knew that such situation was only temporary, because Adolf Hitler and his Third Reich were the greatest threat to the free world. / John Flynn     Senior Agent **DEADLY DOZEN 2 (MV)** a list of 27 people A group of criminals who were once slain by the Scourge; they were revived by The Hood in order to murder the Punisher. /*   SPIDER-MAN [PETER PARKER, MILES MORALES] / DAILY BUGLE / FRONT LINE / EMPIRE STATE UNIVERSITY FACILITY / AMAZING FRIENDS / CENTURY CLUB / SCARLET SPIDERS* / SLINGERS / DAILY GLOBE / GALACTIC ALLIANCE OF SPIDER-MEN* / WEB CORPS / SPIDER SOCIETY / SUPERIOR a list of 188 people Peter Parker - He was bitten by a radioactive spider as a teenager, granting him spider-like powers. After the death of his Uncle Ben, which he could have prevented, Peter learned that "with great power,


What indicates the legal limit to which a ship may be loaded?

Load Lines legal definition of Load Lines Load Lines legal definition of Load Lines http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Load+Lines Related to Load Lines: water line Load Lines A marking indicating the extent to which the weight of a load may safely submerge a ship; also called Plimsoll line. The load line, or Plimsoll mark, is positioned amidships on both sides of a vessel. Its purpose is to indicate the legal limit to which a ship may be loaded for specific ocean areas and seasons of the year. The basic Load Line Certificate is issued after a complex calculation is made to determine exactly where the Plimsoll mark should be positioned. These certificates take several forms, such as international voyage, coastwise traffic, and Great Lakes operations. By calculating the load line, the agency issuing a certificate has determined, among other aspects of seaworthiness, that a vessel has enough volume of ship (reserve buoyancy) above the waterline so that it will not be in danger of foundering or plunging when under way in heavy seas. In the United States the U.S. Coast Guard issues load line regulations; routine assignment of load lines is handled by the American Bureau of Shipping. A series of multilateral treaties has been executed to impose on signatories the responsibility of seeing that ships flying under their flag have safe load lines designated and that they are observed. The principal treaty is the International Convention on Load Lines 1966. The use of load lines on vessels sailing under the flag of the United States is mandated by federal law (46 U.S.C.A. 86 [1973]). The treaties typically do not apply to ships of war, small ships, pleasure boats, and fishing vessels.


"Who popularised the phrase ""The buck stops here""?"

the buck stops here - Wiktionary the buck stops here Etymology[ edit ] Popularized by US president Harry Truman . The phrase is based on the metaphorical expression passing the buck , derived from poker gameplay, that came to mean "passing blame", or absolving oneself of responsibility or concern by denying authority or jurisdiction over a given matter. 1994 January 25, William J. Clinton , State of the Union Address, 2004 Gutenberg eBook , If you will stick with this plan, we will post three consecutive years of declining deficits for the first time since Harry Truman lived in the White House. And once again, the buck stops here.


Who was the first British monarch to make a Christmas broadcast to the nation?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1952: Queen makes first Christmas speech About This Site | Text Only 1952: Queen makes first Christmas speech Millions of British and Commonwealth listeners have been listening to Queen Elizabeth's first Christmas broadcast of her reign. In a tradition that began in 1932, the Queen made her address on BBC radio from the study at Sandringham House at 1507 GMT. She used the same desk and chair as her father King George VI and his father King George V had done. The annual broadcast allowed nations around the world to hear the voice of their monarch, made more human by the power of radio. The Queen began: "Each Christmas, at this time, my beloved father broadcast a message to his people in all parts of the world. Today I am doing this to you, who are now my people. Message to armed forces "As he used to do, I am speaking to you from my own home, where I am spending Christmas with my family." She also made mention of those serving abroad, referring no doubt to armed forces in Korea, Malaya and Kenya. "I have a special thought for those who are serving their country in distant lands far from their families. Wherever you are either at home or away, in snow or in sunshine, I give you my affectionate greetings, with every good wish for Christmas and the New Year." In clear, firm tones she thanked her subjects for their "loyalty and affection" since her accession to the throne 10 months ago and promised to continue the work of her father and grandfather to unite the nations of the British Commonwealth and Empire. She asked them to pray for her on coronation day next summer. The Prime Minister of New Zealand announced today that the Queen will make next year's Christmas broadcast from Government House in Auckland.


The Fox Islands, Islands of Four Mountains, Andreanof Islands, Rat Islands, Buldir Island, Commander Islands and Near Islands are all part of which island chain?

Aleutian Islands | archipelago, Pacific Ocean | Britannica.com Aleutian Islands Bering Sea and Strait Aleutian Islands, chain of small islands that separate the Bering Sea (north) from the main portion of the Pacific Ocean (south). They extend in an arc southwest, then northwest, for about 1,100 miles (1,800 km) from the tip of the Alaska Peninsula to Attu Island , Alaska , U.S. The Aleutians occupy a total area of 6,821 square miles (17,666 square km). Rat Island, Aleutian Islands, southwestern Alaska. Art Sowls/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land The archipelago consists of 14 large islands, some 55 smaller islands, and innumerable islets. Nearly all of them are part of the U.S. state of Alaska. The major island groups from east to west are the Fox Islands , the Islands of the Four Mountains, and the Andreanof , Rat , and Near islands. The Komandor (Commander) Islands near the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia are also geographically part of the Aleutians. The ring of active volcanoes, volcanic arcs (including the Aleutian Islands at the top), and … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Aleutian Islands form a segment of the circum-Pacific chain of volcanoes (often called the Ring of Fire ) and represent a partially submerged continuation of Alaska’s Aleutian Range . Most of the islands bear marks of volcanic origin; some volcanoes—such as Shishaldin Volcano (9,372 feet [2,857 metres]), near the centre of Unimak Island—have remained active. The shores are rocky and worn by the surf, and the approaches are dangerous. In most places the land rises abruptly from the coasts to steep, bold mountains. The main navigational lanes through the chain are the Unimak, Umnak, Amukta, and Seguam passes. The archipelago’s climate is characterized by fairly uniform temperatures throughout the year, high winds, heavy precipitation (mostly rainfall), and persistent fog. The Aleutians are practically devoid of trees but are covered with a luxuriant growth of grasses, sedges, and many flowering plants. The Aleutian Islands unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (established 1980) covers 4,250 square miles (11,000 square km) and extends between Unimak (east) and Attu (west) islands. The Aleutians provide a nesting habitat for tens of millions of seabirds, including auklets, puffins, murres, and fulmars. By protecting the wildlife of the islands (notably sea otters, sea lions, and seals) and regulating kills, the refuge has preserved the way of life of the native Aleut s, who have always lived by fishing and hunting. The raising of blue foxes for the fur industry has furnished employment for many. Sweeper Cove of Adak Island, Aleutian Islands, southwestern Alaska. Bob and Ira Spring/EB Inc. History Pacific Islands For some 8,000 years, Aleuts (who call themselves Unangan) were the sole inhabitants of the islands, and by the time of Russian exploration there were an estimated 25,000 Aleuts scattered throughout the islands. In 1741 the Russians sent the Dane Vitus Bering and the Russian Aleksey Chirikov on a voyage of discovery. After their ships became separated in a storm, Chirikov discovered several of the eastern islands, while Bering discovered several of the western islands. Bering died during the voyage, but several of the crew survived and returned to Russia with stories of the abundance of fur-bearing animals there. Hunters from Siberia subsequently flocked to the Komandor Islands and gradually moved eastward across the Aleutians to the Alaskan mainland. Russia thus gained a foothold in North America but nearly caused the extinction of the Aleuts, who were slaughtered, forced to relocate, and enslaved. Russia sold the islands, along with the rest of Alaska, to the United States in 1867 (the Alaska Purchase ). Ships in Vitus Bering’s expedition sinking in the waters off the Aleutian Islands, 1741. North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy USA Facts In June 1942, during World War II , Japanese troops invaded and occupied Attu and Kiska islands. Preparations by U.S. forces to oust the Japanese began shortly thereafter. Attu was retaken af


Steel bands originated in which country?

Steel Band Music Genre Overview | AllMusic Reggae » Caribbean Traditions » Steel Band Steel band music originated in Trinidad & Tobago in the 1930s and spread to the rest of the Caribbean, becoming one of the sounds most associated with island music in the minds of many visitors to the region. Originally, bamboo tubes of varying sizes had been used as percussion instruments to accompany vocal songs -- mostly because of restrictions on genuine drums, designed by the white government to curtail the annual Carnival celebrations among the Afro-Caribbean and Indian (true Indian, not native American) population. Metal objects, however, produced much louder, livelier accompaniment, and so industrial leftovers -- various types of pans, containers, and drums (in the "barrel" sense of the word) -- became the new instruments of choice. Players learned that different pitches could be drawn from some of the containers, and eventually how to tune the instruments with slight modifications. By the 1940s, steel pan players were crafting instruments that could sound over a dozen pitches. Around 1946-47, steel bands discovered that discarded oil drums -- which were more sturdily constructed -- could be used to fashion excellent instruments, and by the time the '50s rolled around, steel drums made from oil containers boasted different pitches covering full chromatic octaves, plus standard concert-pitch tuning. Technical innovations and refinements continued through the rest of the decade, with ensembles trying to outdo one another at the annual Carnivals. The repertoire of steel bands grew to include not only calypso melodies, but the various styles of music broadcast on the radio -- American jazz, showtunes, and ballroom-dancing music, Latin-American dances, traditional Indian music, and European classical. When college-educated Trinidad & Tobago youth picked up on steel band music in the '50s, it achieved a new respectability among the middle and upper classes, and has remained an important part of the country's -- and the Caribbean's -- musical scene right up to the present day, even if soca has long since eclipsed steel band music in popularity.


Alfonso de Albuquerque took areas of which modern day country for Portugal in the early 1500s?

Portugal: History Portugal History Early History There is little direct filiation between the Portuguese of today and the early tribes who inhabited this region, although the Portuguese long considered themselves descendants of the Lusitanians, a Celtic people who came to the area after 1,000 B.C. The Lusitanians had their stronghold in the Serra da Estrela. Under Viriatus (2d cent. B.C.) and under Sertorius (1st cent. B.C.), they stoutly resisted the Romans (see Lusitania ). Other tribes, such as the Conii in Algarve, submitted more readily. Julius Caesar and Augustus completed the Roman conquest of the area, and the province of Lusitania thrived. Roman ways were adopted, and it is from Latin that the Portuguese language is derived. At the beginning of the 5th cent. A.D., the whole Iberian Peninsula was overrun by Germanic invaders; the Visigoths eventually established their rule, but in the north the Suevi established a kingdom that endured until late in the 6th cent., when they were absorbed by the Visigoths. Present-day Algarve was part of the Byzantine Empire during the 6th and 7th cent. In 711 the Visigoths were defeated by the Moors , who conquered the whole peninsula except for Asturias and the Basque Country. Muslim culture and science had a great impact, especially in the south. Religious toleration was practiced, but a large minority converted to Islam. Growth of the State It was during the long period of the Christian reconquest that the Portuguese nation was created. The kings of Asturias drove the Moors out of Galicia in the 8th cent. Ferdinand I of Castile entered Beira and took the fortress of Viseu and the city of Coimbra in 1064. Alfonso VI of Castile obtained French aid in his wars against the Moors. Henry of Burgundy married an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VI and became (1095?) count of Coimbra and later count of Portucalense. Henry's son Alfonso Henriques, wrested power (1128) from his mother and maintained the independence of his lands. After a victory over the Moors in 1139, he began to style himself Alfonso I , king of Portugal. Spain recognized Portugal's independence in 1143 and the Pope did so in 1179. Alfonso's long reign (1128–85) was an important factor in Portugal's attainment of independence. Alfonso's successors were faced with the tasks of recapturing Alentejo and Algarve from the Moors and of rebuilding the areas devastated by the long wars. There was conflict with other Portuguese claimants and between the kings and powerful nobles, and there was continual strife between the crown and the church over land and power. Until the late 13th cent. the church was victorious, winning inviolability for ecclesiastic law as well as exemption from general taxation. Sancho I (1185–1211) captured the Moorish capital of Silves but could not hold it. Alfonso II (1211–23) summoned the first Cortes (council to advise the king). After Sancho II (1223–48) was deposed, Alfonso III (1248–79) took (1249) Algarve and thus consolidated Portugal. In Alfonso's reign the towns gained representation in the Cortes. Years of Glory The reconquest and resettlement aided local liberties, since forais (charters) guaranteeing municipal rights were granted in order to encourage settlement. As former serfs became settlers, serfdom declined (13th cent.), but in practice many servile obligations remained. Alfonso's son Diniz (1279–1325) attempted to improve land conditions. He also established a brilliant court and founded the university that became the Univ. of Coimbra. The reign of his son, Alfonso IV , is remembered chiefly because of the tragic romance of Inés de Castro , the mistress of Alfonso's son, Peter (later Peter I ; 1357–67); to avenge her fate, Peter, on his succession, had two of her murderers executed. Ferdinand I (1367–83) indulged in long Castilian wars. Ferdinand's heiress was married to a Castilian prince, John I of Castile; after the death of Ferdinand, John claimed the throne. The Portuguese, largely due to the efforts of Nun'Álvares Pereira , defeated the Castilians in the battle of Aljubarrota (13


Clusterball is a game involving aircraft, balls, magnetic ramps and a collection point, and is played on what?

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What is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in it?

High Pressure About Watch and Favorite Watch Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. Favorite Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the “My Resources” tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you’re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. High Pressure Under very high hydrostatic pressure(HHP) of up to 700 MPa, water inactivates pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella. Learning Objective Explain high pressure as a antimicrobial control Key Points High pressure processing (HPP), pascalization or bridgmanization , is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in the food. The frist reports showed that bacterial spores were not always inactivated by pressure, while vegetative bacteria were usually killed. Later it was discovered that using moderate pressures was more effective in eliminating spores than using higher pressures. Experiments were also performed with anthrax , typhoid, and tuberculosis , which was a potential health risk for the researchers. Term Register for FREE to remove ads and unlock more features! Learn more Full Text Under very high hydrostatic pressure of up to 700 MPa (100,000 psi), water inactivates pathogens such as Listeria, E. coli and Salmonella. High pressure processing (HPP), pascalization or bridgmanization, is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in the food. The technique was named after Blaise Pascal, whose work included detailing the effects of pressure on fluids. Pascalization is preferred over heat treatment in the food industry as it eliminates changes in the quality of foods due to thermal degradation, resulting in fresher taste, texture, appearance and nutrition. Processing conveniently takes place at ambient or refrigeration temperatures. Experiments into the effects of pressure on microorganisms were first recorded in the late nineteenth century. The frist reports showed that bacterial spores were not always inactivated by pressure, while vegetative bacteria were usually killed. Around 1970, researchers renewed their efforts in studying bacterial spores after it was discovered that using moderate pressures was more effective than using higher pressures. These spores, which caused a lack of preservation in the earlier experiments, were inactivated faster by moderate pressure, but in a manner different from what occurred with vegetative microbes . When subjected to moderate pressures, bacterial spores germinate, and the resulting spores are easily killed using pressure, heat, or ionizing radiation. Research into the effects of high pressures on microorganisms was largely focused on deep-sea organisms until the 1980s, when advancements in ceramic processing were made. This resulted in the production of machinery that allowed for processing foods at high pressures at a large scale, and generated some interest in the technique, especially in Japan . Although commercial products preserved by pascalization first emerged in 1990, the technology behind pascalization is still being perfected for widespread use.


Brazil is the largest country on which continent?

The Largest Countries in the World - WorldAtlas.com The Largest Countries in the World The worlds largest nations, measured in square kilometers of land area. Rolling Hills and Vast Vistas in Tuscany, Italy From Cape Horn all the way to the Arctic Circle, the world’s largest countries provide a beautiful snapshot of the variety of geography, climate and wildlife on the planet. Collectively, the world’s largest countries contain rainforest and tundra, mountains and valleys, coastline and desert. As this we explore the largest nations, we visit five different continents, some of the world’s most spectacular geography, and every type of climate imaginable. Excitingly, it’s always changing, too: history has taught that geopolitical boundaries shift dramatically as centuries pass. In the next decades, who’s to say which countries will become the world’s largest? When 11.5 percent of all the land in the entire world is claimed by just one country, it’s not surprising to learn that the tenth largest country ( Algeria ) could fit into the largest ( Russia ) seven times over. When all 10 of the world's largest countries are taken together, they total 49% of the earth's entire 149 million square kilometres of land. 10 – Algeria The Algerian Sahara, the largest expanse of Saharan dessert Algeria , at 2.38 million square kilometers, is the tenth-largest country in the world by area and the only African country in the top 10. Situated in Northern Africa, Algeria has a Mediterranean coastline 998 km long. 90 percent of the country is desert, and much of its desert regions are highly elevated. The Tell Atlas mountain range runs along the country’s northern border, while the interior, much of it hundreds of meters above sea level, contains the Algerian portion of the Sahara desert. The massive Algerian Sahara extends all the way to the south of the country past its borders with Niger and Mali . 9 – Kazakhstan Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country Kazakhstan’s 2.72 million square kilometers stretch over vast plains and highlands. A cool and dry, but not quite desert-like, climate prevails for most of the year. Kazakhstanis experience a great range of temperatures throughout the year, though it doesn’t get as cold in Kazakhstan as it does in parts of its northern neighbor, Russia . Formerly part of the USSR, the largest nation in the world for most of the 20th century, Kazakhstan’s current main claim to fame is its status as the largest landlocked country in the world—and the only landlocked country in the top 10. 8 – Argentina Mount Fitz Roy in Patagonia, Argentina Argentina , the world’s 32nd most populous country, is the world’s eighth largest, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation in the world by area. Its 2.78 million square kilometers include some of the most varied geography and climate in the world. Swampy, tropical conditions in the very north give way to freezing glacial regions in the south. Patagonia, one of the most spectacular and dangerous places on the planet, stretches from the southern Andes in the west to the Atlantic Ocean in the east. The southern tip of Argentina, known as Cape Horn, is one of the stormiest locations on the globe. 6 – Australia The Twelve Apostles, Victoria State, Australia The approximately 4.4 million square kilometer difference between Australia and India represents the second-largest size difference between countries ranked consecutively in the top 10. Australia, at around 7.69 million square kilometers, is over twice the size of India . It’s the largest country in Oceania by far. Technically it is so large that it doesn’t even qualify as an island, it is a continental landmass. The vast majority of its population live in coastal cities like Sydney in the east and Perth in the west, and with good reason: the Australian Outback is one of the world’s driest and hottest regions. Along with extreme climate and geography, Australia is known for its spectacular—and often deadly—wildlife. 5 – Brazil Copacabana beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil The largest country in South America at over 8.


Approximately how long is the traditional Scottish caber?

Inside the Highland Games, a striking Scottish ceremony of brawn A tosser flips the caber at the Highland Games in Scotland. Image: Schlochauer/ullstein bild/Getty Images Yes, that's a log in the air. Scotland's Highland Games first became regular events in the Victorian period. The main event of the games is, to this day, the daunting feat of strength known as the caber toss. A tosser hefts a long wooden log called a caber, which can be up to 20 feet long and weigh 175 pounds. Cupping one tapered end in his hands and balancing the caber upright against his shoulder, the tosser must run forward and heave it with all his strength to make it flip over and land upright on its opposite end. Sept. 1, 1912 Traditional Scottish sword dancing at the Highland Games in Oban, Scotland. Image: Topical Press Agency/Getty Images The games also include Scottish variants on familiar Olympic events like shot put and hammer throw. In fact, it is claimed that the Highland Games, as displayed at the Paris Exhibition of 1889, were one of Baron Pierre de Coubertin’s inspirations for the modern revival of the Olympic Games. In addition to displays of strength and athleticism, the games also feature celebrations of Scottish and Celtic culture, including massive bagpipes performances and “sword dances,” where a dancer leaps and twirls over a pair of crossed swords. With the global diaspora of Scots and Celts, Highland Games have spread widely, and are today held around the world, from Europe and North America to New Zealand and Brazil. c. 1900 The Black Watch 3rd Battalion presents a traditional Scottish dance during the Highland Games in Calcutta, India. Image: Keystone-France/Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images Aug. 12, 1946 A contestant in the caber toss competition at the Strathallan Highland Games in Stirlingshire helps to place the caber in position for the next athlete. Image: Chris Ware/Keystone Features/Getty Images Sept. 6, 1935 George Clark tosses the caber at the Braemer Highland Games. Image: Imagno/Getty Images A caber tosser practices for the first Highland Games of the South. Image: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone/Getty Images A contestant tosses the caber on the first day of the Braemar Games. Image: Central Press/Getty Images Sept. 8, 1950 The Massed Pipe band marches through the arena at Princess Royal Park in Braemar, Scotland, during the opening of the Braemar Games. Image: Cowper/Central Press/Getty Images Aug. 8, 1951 A member of the Royal Signals leaps through fire on a motorcycle during a display at the Strathallan Highland Games at Bridge of Allan in Stirlingshire. Image: Chris Ware/Keystone Features/Getty Images Aug. 8, 1951 Louis Stewart, a contestant in the hammer throwing competition at the Strathallan Highland Games in Stirlingshire. Image: Chris Ware/Keystone Features/Getty Images Sept. 5, 1952 Jack Hunter heaves a 22-pound stone at the annual Highland Games at Braemar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Image: Monty Fresco/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images September 1922 Sword dancing at the Aboyne Highland Games in Aberdeenshire. Image: Firmin/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images Sept. 9, 1952 George Clark comes third in the stone put at the Aboyne Highland Games. Image: Cowper/Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty Images 1955 A man swings a shot at the Highland Games in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. Image: Pictorial Parade/Archive Photos/Getty Images July 27, 1955 Jay Scott of Loch Lomond places first in the 16-pound open stone event at the Lochearnhead and Balquhidder Highland Games with a throw of 42 feet, 6 inches. Image: Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty Images Sept. 5, 1929 Men wrestle at the Highland Games in Scotland. Image: IMAGNO/Austrian Archives/Getty Images Spectators at the Highland Gathering and Games at Inverness. Image: W. G. Phillips/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images Sept. 5, 1935 Allister Stuart throws the heavy hammer at the 64th Aboyne Highland Games. Fox Photos/Hulton Archive/Getty Images May 22, 1936 1st Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders dance at Lucknow Barracks in Tidworth in Hampshire for the 1936 Hig


"What is the stage name of Londoner Susan Janet Ballion, who fronted the group ""The Banshees"" between 1976 and 1996?"

emcxmc’s Journal – 300 Favourite Female Singers   – Last.fm Share 1 Sep 2012, 11:49 My favourite female singers with age and birthday (listed chronologic), place of birth (if known), short description (from Wikipedia) and picture (only included for the deceased ones). (born before 1940) † Bessie Smith (born April 15, 1894, Chattanooga, Tennessee, U.S., died September 26, 1937), sometimes referred to as "The Empress of the Blues," was the most popular female blues singer of the 1920s and 1930s. She is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and, along with Louis Armstrong, a major influence on subsequent jazz vocalists. † Marlene Dietrich (27 December 1901 – 6 May 1992, Berlin, Germany) was a German-born American actress and singer.Although she still made occasional films in the post-war years, Dietrich spent most of the 1950s to the 1970s touring the world as a successful show performer. In 1999 the American Film Institute named Dietrich the ninth greatest female star of all time. † Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7, 1915 – July 17, 1959) was an American jazz singer and songwriter. Nicknamed Lady Day by her friend and musical partner Lester Young, Holiday was a seminal influence on jazz and pop singing. Her vocal style, strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo. Above all, she was admired all over the world for her deeply personal and intimate approach to singing. † Édith Piaf , born Édith Giovanna Gassion (19 December 1915 -10 October 1963), French singer and cultural icon who is almost universally regarded as France's greatest. 97 - Vera Lynn Dame Vera Lynn, DBE (born 20 March 1917) is an English singer whose career flourished during World War II. Nicknamed "The Forces' Sweetheart", the songs most associated with her are "We'll Meet Again" and "The White Cliffs of Dover". † Ella Fitzgerald - Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 in Newport News, VA – June 15, 1996), also known as Lady Ella (the First Lady of Song), was one of the most influential jazz singers of the 20th Century, the winner of thirteen Grammy Awards. † Peggy Lee (May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002) was an American Grammy award winning jazz and popular music singer and songwriter and Academy Award-nominated actress. She was born Norma Deloris Egstrom in Jamestown, North Dakota. † Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922 – June 22, 1969) was an American actress and singer. Through a career that spanned 45 of her 47 years, Garland attained international stardom as an actress in musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist and on the concert stage. Respected for her versatility, she received a Juvenile Academy Award, won a Golden Globe Award, received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for her work in films, as well as Grammy Awards and a Special Tony Award. After appearing in vaudeville with her sisters, Garland was signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager. There she made more than two dozen films, including nine with Mickey Rooney and the 1939 film with which she would be most identified, The Wizard of Oz. After 15 years, Garland was released from the studio but gained renewed success through record-breaking concert appearances, including a critically acclaimed Carnegie Hall concert, a well-regarded but short-lived television series and a return to acting beginning with a critically acclaimed performance in A Star Is Born (1954). † Maria Callas (New York City December 2, 1923 – Paris, France September 16, 1977) was an American-born Greek soprano and one of the most renowned opera singers of the twentieth century. 90 - Doris Day (born April 3, 1924) is an American actress, singer, and animal rights activist. Day's entertainment career began in her late teens as a big band singer. In 1945 she had her first hit recording , "Sentimental Journey", and, in 1948, appeared in her first film, Romance on the High Seas. During her entertainment career, she has appeared in thirty-nine films, recorded more than six-hundred-fifty songs, received an Academy Award nomination,


"In the 1960s, how many African countries became independent from the UK and joined the ""Commonwealth of Nations""?"

The World's Newest Countries (34 Created Since 1990) Thirteen other countries became independent through a variety of causes. March 21, 1990 - Namibia became independent of South Africa. May 22, 1990 - North and South Yemen merged to form a unified Yemen . October 3, 1990 - East Germany and West Germany merged to form a unified Germany after the fall of the Iron Curtain. September 17, 1991 - The Marshall Islands was part of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands (administered by the United States) and gained independence as a former colony. September 17, 1991 - Micronesia , previously known as the Caroline Islands, became independent from the United States. January 1, 1993 - The Czech Republic and Slovakia became independent nations when Czechoslovakia dissolved. May 25, 1993 - Eritrea was a part of Ethiopia but seceded and gained independence. October 1, 1994 - Palau was part of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands (administered by the United States) and gained independence as a former colony. May 20, 2002 - East Timor (Timor-Leste) declared independence from Portugal in 1975 but did not became independent from Indonesia until 2002. June 3, 2006 - Montenegro was part of Serbia and Montenegro (also known as Yugoslavia) but gained independence after a referendum. June 5, 2006 - Serbia became its own entity after Montenegro split. Febraury 17, 2008 - Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia. July 9, 2011 - South Sudan peacefully seceded from Sudan following a January 2011 referendum. Sudan itself was the first to recognize South Sudan and did so one day early, on July 8, 2011.


L S Lowry is associated with what occupation?

L.S. Lowry Biography Home Available Prints Other Prints Biography Other Artists Art Fairs Subscribe Contact Us Biography for L.S. Lowry (1887-1976) L.S. Lowry is an international master and unquestionably one of Britain's most celebrated artists. His unique contribution to recording the period, culture and landscape of the industrial North is without parallel. Lowry's paintings and drawings offer a most distinctive and comprehensive record of early 20th Century northern industrial towns. Many people associate Lowry with "Matchstick Men" which became virtually his trademark, perpetuated by the 1977 hit song 'Matchstick Men and Matchstick Cats and Dogs' by Michael Colman & Brian Burke, but he also produced a large number of unpopulated landscapes and seascapes which are now recognised as masterpieces in their own right. Later in his life Lowry concentrated on producing paintings of figures either singly or in groups, invariably against a white background. Laurence Stephen Lowry was born on the 1st November 1887 in the respectable district of Victoria Park, Manchester. An only child to an estate agent Father and piano teacher Mother, Lowry showed no academic aptitude at school, so was enrolled in private art classes. By 1905 he was under the tutelage of the French Impressionist artist Pierre Adolphe Valette. And in 1915 'graduated' to the Salford School of Art, where he continued to study at evening classes until 1928. An extraordinary fact being (and one he liked to keep private) was that Lowry was only a part time artist, having a job as a rent collector until 1952. In 1909 Lowry's father's business failed and the family had to move to a smaller house in the less salubrious area of Pendlebury, an industrial suburb to the northwest of Salford. However, Lowry was now able to observe the real working class at close quarters; in both his own surroundings and when out rent collecting. These scruffy characters, in their second hand clothes, trousers too large; too small, simply covering legs, hats hiding heads; the hat 'speaking' for the face, the bodies wrapped up in coats and mufflers not for fashion but for practical warm, the body language; they way they walk, stand, run, loll, droop, drift, hobble, skip and stroll, telling the story of their lives. All these 'Chaplinesque' humorously portrayed figures quickly filled up Lowry's sketch books. Local exhibitions of Lowry's works followed, but it wasn't until his mother's death in 1939 that Lowry found real fame as an artist. In 1938, Alexander J McNeill Reid, a director of the Lefevre Gallery in London, saw several of Lowry's paintings awaiting framing at James Bourlet & Sons Limited. He inquired after the artist and in 1939 a one-man exhibition of Lowry's paintings was held at the Lefevre Gallery. That exhibition sold sixteen paintings including one to the Tate Gallery. The Lefevre Gallery showed 15 solo exhibitions of his work between 1945 and 1979. After nursing his neurotic mother till the end, Lowry was deeply regretful that she was never to witness his recognition as an artist. Slipping into depression, Lowry was unable to maintain the upkeep of the house he had lived in for nearly 30 years and eventually it was repossessed. However, not short of funds he bought a new house and employed a housekeeper. Although he considered 'The Elms' in Hyde, Cheshire ugly and uncomfortable he stayed there until his death some 30 years later. "Can you tell me, sir, why does a painting cost more than a drawing? After all, a drawing is every bit as important, and sometimes a damned sight more effective. Besides, it is more difficult to do; for one thing, you haven't got colour to get you out of a mess." These remarks of L.S. Lowry are central to an understanding of his drawings and lithographs. He did not see these mediums as taking second place to his paintings. Lowry's drawing and lithographs express a purity of engineering drawings, lacking all pretension. Lowry's relentless drawing; be it on scraps of paper, envelops, serviettes or bits of card always demonstrated the brisk, stabbing


What sportsman would perform a triple salchow?

All About the Salchow Figure Skating Jump All About the Salchow Figure Skating Jump All About the Salchow Figure Skating Jump Tiffany Vise and Derek Trent Landed the First Quad Throw Salchow.  Photo by Patrick Kovarik - Getty Images By Jo Ann Schneider Farris Salchow Definition: A Salchow jump is a figure skating jump where the skater jumps from the back inside edge of one skate and lands on the back outside edge of the other skate. Entry: The single Salchow jump is commonly done from a forward outside three turn . After the three turn, the skater stops momentarily with the free foot extended behind, then swings the free leg forward and around with a wide scooping motion, jumping in the air and landing backwards on the former free foot. Alternate Salchow Entry: Sometimes, the Salchow is entered from a forward inside mohawk instead of a three turn. Most skaters find this more difficult than the three turn entry, and many beginning skaters are unable to do the jump without the three turn. Common Salchow Errors: A common error of beginning figure skaters is to bend the free leg during the three turn entry while allowing the three turn to almost spin the take off of the jump. That habit should be broken as early as possible. continue reading below our video How to Throw a Perfect Spiral in Football Skaters must learn to check the three turn, extend the free leg, and should be able to control the take-off of the jump. Relying on the three turn to do a Salchow is not a good idea. The Salchow Is a Full Revolution Jump: The single Salchow jump is considered a full-revolution jump, but feels much like a half-revolution jump, since some of the technique learned from doing the waltz jump is used in the Salchow jump. In fact, to some skaters, the Salchow will feel like a waltz jump done from a back inside edge . Double and Triple Salchow Techniques: Although the free leg is extended for the single Salchow, the free knee bends as the sk"ater takes off for double and triple Salchows . In double and triple Salchows, once the skater takes off, he or she will pull the arms tightly to the chest, crossing the feet in the air as in all other double and triple jumps and rotate in a back spin position. Landing: The landing is the same as that of other jumps, that is, first to the toe pick, quickly moving to a smooth glide onto a back outside edge. The rotation is checked by bringing the arms out and extending the free-leg back. The checked position should be held for a distance equal to the skater's height. Pronunciation and Spelling: The name of the jump is pronounced with the first syllable about halfway between "sal" and "cell" and the second syllable the same as the word "cow." Then, remember that if you fall on a Salchow, you may scream "ow!" Figure skaters sometimes refer to a Salchow as a "Sal." It is common to hear skaters say something like, "I tried a double sal today," or "I entered my sal a bit crooked..." Spelling the word also takes practice since the word "Salchow" just doesn't look the way it sounds. Salchow Inventor: The single Salchow jump was first invented by world and Olympic figure skating champion, Ulrich Salchow , in 1909. The first double Salchow was done by Gillis Grafström in the 1920s. Ronnie Robertson, of the United States, succeeded in landing the first triple Salchow in competition. He made history by landing the jump at the 1955 World Figure Skating Championships. Salchow Facts and Trivia: Today, triple Salchows are performed routinely at figure skating events. Quad Salchows are also done. In 2007, U.S. pair skaters Tiffany Vise and Derek Trent landed the first ever throw quadruple Salchow in competition at the Trophée Eric Bompard, one of the events in the 2007 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Series. Mastering a Double Salchow Is Not Easy: The double Salchow is usually the first double jump ice skaters try to master, and "getting" a consistent double Salchow may take time. Like the Axel , some skaters will struggle with the jump for a long time. If you are a skater working on your double Salchow, be patient and b