In 1980 Lech Walesa co-founded what trade union in Poland?

Poland: Solidarity -- The Trade Union That Changed The World Poland: Solidarity -- The Trade Union That Changed The World August 24, 2005 Lech Walesa (left) with former Solidarity activist Bogdan Lis Share Print The strike that changed the world began around dawn on 14 August 1980. Some 17,000 workers seized control of the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk to protest, among other things, a recent rise in food prices. Their leader, Lech Walesa, had narrowly avoided arrest by secret police that morning, and had managed to scale the shipyard gate and join the workers inside. Soon, workers in 20 other area factories joined the strike in solidarity. Seventeen days later, after negotiations with Poland's Communist government, the burly, mustachioed Walesa appeared before the workers in the shipyard with an historic message: "We have an independent, self-governing trade union! [crowd cheers] We have the right to strike!" Walesa and Poland's first deputy prime minister, Mieczyslaw Jagielski, had signed a deal granting the workers their main demands: the right to organize freely and to strike. Those were rights accorded under conventions by the International Labor Organization, of which Poland was a signatory. But this was the first time that any Communist government had put them into practice. Solidarity's underground efforts were also greatly aided by financial help from American trade unions, as well as moral support from Pope John Paul II. The workers had other demands, such as better wages and benefits, posted in a list of "21 postulates" on the shipyard door. But none was as crucial as the right to organize and strike. Radek Sikorski, a former deputy foreign and defense minister of postcommunist Poland, was a high school student at the time of the Gdansk accord. He recalled the famous day in an interview with RFE/RL. "[There was] tremendous hope and a kind of electricity between people. You know, it's said that we Poles become a nation once a generation, just like we did recently when the pope died, and that was one of those moments when, suddenly, millions of people felt that they wanted the same thing, which was free trade unions to represent them against the [Communist] Party. It gave people hope that perhaps communism could be reformed. We now know that it couldn't," Sikorski said. In September 1980, the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union Solidarity -- or NSZZ Solidarnosc -- was officially formed. Over the next 15 months, the union's membership grew from 1 million to 9 million people -- a quarter of the country's population. But across the Russian border, Poland's Soviet masters were growing increasingly alarmed. And in early December 1981, the Warsaw Pact issued a statement at a summit in Moscow stating "fraternal solidarity and support" with Poland's communist leaders in overcoming what it called the country's "present difficulties." Days later, on 13 December, General Wojciech Jaruzelski, the Polish prime minister, declared martial law and outlawed Solidarity. The military, in a plan hatched over the previous months, arrested most of Solidarity's leaders, including Walesa. Walesa would spend nearly a year in jail. And for the next seven years, he would be under constant watch and harassment by secret police. When he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, he sent his wife to collect the award in Oslo, fearing he would not be let back into the communist country. In the long, dark period leading up to the radical changes of 1989, Solidarity worked in the underground. But, as Sikorski recalls, it never wavered from one its key principles -- nonviolence. "It was a peaceful movement which actually realized all its objectives and more. So I think the path of nonviolence is certainly an important Solidarity legacy. And if you look at what happened in other countries -- in the Czech Republic, and more recently in Serbia or in Ukraine -- that message has been successfully imitated," Sikorski said. Solidarity's underground efforts were also greatly aided by financial help from American trade unions, as well as moral support from Pope Jo


On what part of the body is a wimple worn?

Wimple | Define Wimple at Dictionary.com wimple noun 1. a woman's headcloth drawn in folds about the chin, formerly worn out of doors, and still in use by some nuns. 2. a fold or wrinkle, as in cloth. a curve, bend, or turn, as in a road or river. verb (used with object), wimpled, wimpling. 3. to cover or muffle with or as if with a wimple. 4. to cause to ripple or undulate, as water. 5. Archaic. to veil or enwrap. verb (used without object), wimpled, wimpling. 6. Archaic. to lie in folds, as a veil. 8. Chiefly Scot. to follow a curving course, as a road or river. Origin of wimple Old English 1100 before 1100; (noun) Middle English wimple, wimpel, Old English wimpel; cognate with Dutch, Low German wimpel, Old Norse vimpill; (v.) Middle English: to wrap in a wimple, derivative of the noun Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for wimple Expand Historical Examples That surely is the perfection of description; whilst the wimple of the burn is echoed in the music of the verse! Standish of Standish Jane G. Austin Her wimple is trimly plaited, and how fashionable is her cloak! British Dictionary definitions for wimple Expand noun 1. a piece of cloth draped around the head to frame the face, worn by women in the Middle Ages and still a part of the habit of some nuns 2. (Scot) a curve or bend, as in a river verb (rare) to ripple or cause to ripple or undulate 4. (transitive) (archaic) to cover with or put a wimple on 5. (archaic) (esp of a veil) to lie or cause to lie in folds or pleats Word Origin Old English wimpel; related to Old Saxon wimpal, Middle Dutch wumpel, Middle High German bewimpfen to veil Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for wimple Expand n. "head covering for women," especially worn by nuns, Old English wimpel, from Proto-Germanic *wimpilaz (cf. Old Saxon wimpal, Old Frisian wimpel, Middle Dutch, Dutch wimpel, Old High German wimpal, German wimpel, Old Norse vimpill), of obscure origin. Old French guimple (French guimpe) is a Germanic loan-word. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper wimple in the Bible Expand Isa. 3:22, (R.V., "shawls"), a wrap or veil. The same Hebrew word is rendered "vail" (R.V., "mantle") in Ruth 3:15. Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary


What was the surname of Marie, double Nobel laureate, and Pierre, also Nobel laureate?

15 Women Who Have Won Science Nobel Prizes Since Marie Curie | Mental Floss 15 Women Who Have Won Science Nobel Prizes Since Marie Curie Getty Images Like us on Facebook 92Y’s “ 7 Days of Genius ” is a global conversation on the power of genius to make a positive impact on the world. From March 5 to 12, mental_floss joins 92Y in highlighting many women whose contributions to society—whether in business, science or the arts—are nothing short of genius. Madame Marie Curie famously snagged two Nobel Prizes—for Physics in 1903 with husband Pierre and Henri Becquerel, and again in 1911 for Chemistry after discovering radium and polonium—but many other women have also been awarded the Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or Medicine Nobels, too. Here are their stories. 1. Irène Joliot-Curie // Chemistry (1935) Getty Images The second woman to win a Nobel was Irène Curie, daughter of Pierre and Marie. She shared the Prize with her husband, Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie, for their discovery of “artificial radioactivity,” which they achieved by bombarding boron, aluminum, and magnesium with alpha particles to create radioactive isotopes. The Curies have more Nobel laureates than any other family. The pair publically adopted a hyphenated surname, but according to their daughter Hélène Langevin-Joliot, "Many people used to name my parents Joliot-Curie, but they signed their scientific papers Irène Curie and Frédéric Joliot." 2. Gerty Theresa Cori // Physiology or Medicine (1947) Getty Images Gerty and her husband, Carl Cori, met in Prague and lived in Austria before immigrating to the United States in 1922, where the two medical doctors worked together (against the advice of their colleagues) at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute in New York. The Coris studied carbohydrate metabolism, a specialty largely driven by Gerty’s father, a diabetic who asked her to find a cure for his disease. Though their collaboration was unusual (even called “un-American,” according to Carl’s autobiography), the Coris were an amazing team. Gerty was given first author credit on most of their papers, indicating that she did the majority of the research. In 1929, they proposed “the Cori cycle,” a hypothetical model of how the body uses chemical reactions to break down carbohydrates. In 1947, Gerty and Carl were awarded the Nobel in Physiology or Medicine, making Gerty Cori the first woman to hold the honor. In his speech, Carl spoke of their teamwork: "Our collaboration began 30 years ago when we were still medical students at the University of Prague and has continued ever since. Our efforts have been largely complementary, and one without the other would not have gone as far as in combination." 3. Maria Goeppert-Mayer // Physics (1963) Wikimedia Commons  // Public Domain German-born Maria Goeppert-Mayer studied Mathematics and Physics at the University of Göttingen, where, in 1930, she earned her Doctorate in Philosophy after writing her dissertation on two-photon absorption in atoms, a work Nobel laureate E.P. Wigner called "a masterpiece of clarity and concreteness." At the time, her work was purely theoretical; the laser hadn’t been invented yet, and no foreseeable method of testing its accuracy was available. In 1961, her theory was experimentally proven, and the unit for the two-photon absorption cross section was named the Goeppert-Mayer (GM) unit. Goeppert-Mayer moved to the U.S. with her husband, chemist Joseph Edward Mayer, in 1930. He worked at Johns Hopkins University, where she worked as an assistant to the Physics department. There, she also taught classes and conducted research in quantum physics. In 1937, they moved to Columbia University, where Maria took an unpaid position in the Physics department where she worked with Harold Urey and Enrico Fermi. In 1942, she joined the Manhattan Project, working on methods of isolating uranium-235 from natural uranium. From there, she moved on to Los Alamos Laboratory, then Argonne National Laboratory, then to Aberdeen, where she programmed the ENIAC to solve criticality problems. While at Argonne, Goeppe


"Which is the object in the sentence ""I solve puzzles""?"

Noun phrases exercise You are here: Home / Nouns / Noun phrases exercise Noun phrases exercise September 23, 2014 - A noun phrase is a group of words that serves the same purpose as a noun. A noun phrase can be the subject or object of a verb. It can also be the object of a preposition. Identify the noun clauses in the following sentences. 1. I hope to win the first prize. 2. I tried to solve the puzzle. 3. Did you enjoy reading this book? 4. The boy wants to go home. 5. Horses prefer living in dark stables. 6. The accused refused to answer the question. 7. The boy denied stealing the money. 8. To write such rubbish is disgraceful. 9. I dislike having to punish my kids. 10. I will hate to do such a thing. Answers 1. Noun phrase: to win the first prize; it acts as the object of the verb hope 2. Noun phrase: to solve the puzzle; it acts as the object of the verb tried 3. Noun phrase: reading this book; it acts as the object of the verb enjoy 4. Noun phrase: to go home; it acts as the object of the verb wants 5. Noun phrase: living in dark stables; it acts as the object of the verb prefer 6. Noun phrase: to answer the question; it acts as the object of the verb refused 7. Noun phrase: stealing the money; it acts as the object of the verb denied 8. Noun phrase: to write such rubbish; it acts as the subject of the verb is. 9. Noun phrase: having to punish my kids; it acts as the object of the verb dislike. 10. Noun phrase: to do such a thing; it acts as the object of the verb hate. Please share this post if you like it, or comment below if you have questions.


On 3 June 2010, an episode of which British soap opera, which featured a hostage situation involving guns, was postponed after it was due to air on the same day as a a man shot 12 people dead and injured several more in Cumbria, England?

British soap opera Coronation Street postponed after Cumbria shooting - Wikinews, the free news source British soap opera Coronation Street postponed after Cumbria shooting From Wikinews, the free news source you can write! Writing an article An episode of the British soap opera Coronation Street has been postponed after it was due to air on the same day as a string of shootings in Cumbria occurred. The episode, due to be broadcast on ITV last night, featured a siege and hostage situation heavily involving guns. The soap was replaced with an episode of Harry Hill’s TV Burp . ITV released a statement "ITV has postponed tonight's episode of Coronation Street out of respect to those affected by today's tragedy. Coronation Street will be replaced by a compilation episode of TV Burp." The broadcast was shelved after a man shot dead 12 people and injured several more in Cumbria. This episode of Coronation Street is one of a six part collection of episodes. They took around four weeks to film. Have an opinion on this story? Share it! Related news Share this:  This page is archived , and is no longer publicly editable. Articles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication. Got a correction? Add the template {{ editprotected }} to the talk page along with your corrections, and it will be brought to the attention of the administrators . Please note that due to our archival policy , we will not alter or update the content of articles that are archived, but will only accept requests to make grammatical and formatting corrections. Note that some listed sources or external links may no longer be available online due to age. This page is archived , and is no longer publicly editable. Articles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication.


Which name is associated with the IT developments which grew into Microsoft?

microsoft's timeline from 1975 - 1990 your info here? Time slice Hobbyists     became entrepreneurs - some more successfully than others. Personal computers     proliferated, with no standards and no preconceived notions of what these     new machines could be or could do. It was an adventure shared by a virtual   handful of enthusiasts... Paul Allen and Bill Gates were two of these early entrepreneurs that took the computer business seriously enough to grow a sustainable business. World's  First Minicomputer to Rival Commercial Models While  Hobbyists around the USA were trying to figure out how to piece together systems  from parts found in electronics shops, MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry  Systems) of Albuquerque, New Mexico, announced the MITS Altair 8800 on the cover  of the 1st January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics. The  MITS Altair inspired a new generation of technology enthusiasts, including Bill  Gates and Paul Allen, who were among the first of these early hobbyists to realize  that the key to the future of personal computing lay in the unlimited potential  of software. "This  is it!" says Paul Allen, waving a copy of Popular Electronics in his hand. "it's about to begin!" On the cover is a mockup of the MITS Altair,  the first personal computer. Dr. John G. Kemeny and Thomas    Kurtz developed the BASIC language at Dartmouth in 1964. BASIC stood for "Beginner's All-Purpose    Symbolic Instruction Code". Their objective: to create a simplified    computer language for teaching students how to program. Gates and Allen    recognized that the compact design of BASIC made it ideal for the limitations    of the first personal computers, which had extremely restricted memory and    processing power. Allen,  employed by Honeywell and his friend Bill Gates, a sophomore at Harvard, immediately  set out to adapt BASIC for the machine, working in marathon 24-hour sessions. Using the Altair's published specifications, Gates and Allen created a simulator  on a DEC PDP-10 computer that allowed it to emulate the MITS machine. Working  day and night, they created the first version of MICROSOFT BASIC for the Altair Jan 2, Bill Gates and Paul Allen complete BASIC Allen is going to deliver it to MITS president Ed Roberts in Albuquerque. Realizing  he didn't have a way to load it into the computer, Paul Allen hand assembled  a loader program for BASIC at 30,000 feet in the air, on the flight to New Mexico.  Even though it had never been tested on an actual machine, it ran perfectly  on the very first try. They license BASIC to their first customer, MITS of Albuquerque, New Mexico,  the manufacturer of the Altair 8800 personal computer. This is the first computer  language program written for a personal computer. Jan  3, Paul Allen joins MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems)  as Director of Software. , and Gates follows him later that year to form an  informal partnership called Micro-soft, complete with hyphen. The "MITS Mobile" travels through the western United States demonstrating  the Altair and "Micro-soft" BASIC. It also unwittingly distributes  copies of not-quite-ready-for-prime-time (i.e., pirated) BASIC. March  7, The MITS Altair newsletter, Computer Notes, declares, "Altair  BASIC -- Up and Running." July  1, Bill Gates' and Paul Allen's BASIC officially ships as version 2.0  in both 4K and 8K editions. July  22, Paul Allen and Bill Gates sign a licensing agreement with MITS  regarding the BASIC Interpreter. Microsoft is not yet an official partnership.  In fact, the name has not even been chosen. Nov 29,  In a letter to Paul Allen, Bill Gates uses the name "Micro-soft" to   refer to their (60/40)( 3 ) Partnership. This is the earliest   known written reference. Homebrew  Computer Club meets for the first time (in Gordon French's garage) in Menlo  Park, California. The  Computer Mart opens on Madison Avenue in New York. Zilog Z-80 chip is introduced. Stats Revenues: $16,005 Employees:


What unit of measurement is used to measure the height of a horse?

Measure Horse Height Note: Links with green underlines are shopping links and will open in a new window How To Measure Horse Height It's easy to measure you horse's height accurately. To determine how tall a horse is measure the horse, in inches, from the ground in a straight line up to the highest point of the withers. This is illustrated in the photo below by the yellow line. Above: The height of a horse is properly measured, in inches, from the ground to the highest point of the withers. For the most accurate measurement the horse should be on firm, level ground with its front feet even, or close to even. Calculating The Results After you have measured your horse you will need to convert the results from inches to "hands." Horse height is correctly referred to by a unit of measurement known as a "hand." One hand is equal to four inches. The gray mare in the photo above is 58 inches from the ground to the top of her withers. When 58 is divided by 4, you have 14.5. The 14 is the number of hands, and the .5 means another half of a hand, or another 2 inches. This means she is 14 and one-half hands tall. Correctly Writing And Speaking The Results The correct way of writing "14 and one-half hands" is to write "14.2". It is not correct to write it as "14.5". When correctly written, the number before the period is the number of hands, and the number after the period is the remaining number of  inches. The number after the period should NOT stand for a fraction. Horseman usually say a measurement like this one out loud as "fourteen two" or "fourteen and a half." A Few Examples Below are a few examples of how to correctly  write down a horse's height. Remember, the number in front of the period is for hands and the number after the period is the remaining inches. 15 - This is a correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands tall 15.0 - Another correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands tall 15.1 - This is the correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands, 1 inch tall 15.2 - This is the correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands, 2 inches tall 15.3 - This is the correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands, 3 inches tall 15.4 - Wrong! This means that a horse is 15 hands, 4 inches tall. Since a hand is equal to four inches, this horse is actually 16 hands tall. 15.5 - Wrong again! Some people incorrectly use the number after the period to stand for fractions of a hand, but it should stand for inches. So, some people write "15.5" to mean 15 and a half hands, but this should correctly be written as "15.2". If you like, you can add "hh" to a measurement, as in "15.1hh". The "hh" stands for "hands high." Horse Measuring Devices There are measuring devices on the market for horses that have hand and inches measurements marked on them. Some devices are rigid poles with short cross bars toward the top that can be raised or lowered to rest on a horse's withers. These are very handy and give accurate measurements easily. Another common device is a horse height/weight tape , which is a special tape measure with hands and inches marked on it. These are inexpensive and are accurate if the person doing the measuring makes sure to run the tape straight up and down, and to read the measurement at a level angle. Where Did "Hands" Come From? As stated above, a horse's height is measured in hands. The origin of measuring a horse this way is very old, but easy to understand. In days long ago people did not have the common measuring devices (like tape measures, etc.) that we do today. To measure a horse, they used what was handy (no pun intended): Their hands. At various times in history and in different locales a "hand" was defined as the with of a person's hand using the fingers only, the width of a person's hand using the fingers and the thumb, the height of a clenched fist, and possibly others. Somewhere along the way, the measuring unit of a hand was standardized to mean four inches. Though the origins are ancient, a hand is still the unit of measurement for horses that modern horse owne


The Zambezi River flows into the Indian Ocean from where?

Zambezi River Zambezi River   T he Zambezi is Africa’s fourth largest River system, after the Nile, Zaire and Niger Rivers. It runs through six countries on it’s journey from central Africa to the Indian Ocean. Its unique value is that it is less developed than others in terms of human settlement and many areas along it’s banks enjoy protected status. It’s power has carved the spectacular Victoria Falls and the zigzagging Batoka Gorge. The Zambezi has been harnessed at various points along the way including the massive Kariba Dam between Zambia and Zimbabwe and Cabora Bassa Dam in Mozambique. Plans for another dam at the Batoka gorge have fortunately been shelved. The River’s beauty has attracted tourists from all over the world providing opportunities for a myriad of water sports and game viewing. Running for a length of 2700kms, it begins it’s journey as an insignificant little spring in the corner of north-west Zambia in the Mwinilunga District. It bubbles up between the roots of a tree, very close to the border where Zambia, Angola and Zaire meet. It enters Angola for about 230kms, where it accumulates the bulk of its headwater drainage, and re-enters Zambia again at Cholwezi rapids flowing due south but substantially enlarged by the entry of various tributaries. This upper part of the river is thinly populated by pastoralists, farmers and fishermen and although wildlife is sparse it is remarkably free of pollution. This is also the scene of the remarkable Ku-omboka Ceremony where thousands of inhabitants move annually to higher ground as the Zambezi floods into the low lying plains. It passes through the flat sandy country of the Western Province, then traverses the broad, annually flooding Barotse Plains, where much of the water is lost to evaporation, then over more rocky country where it’s tranquil course is interrupted by the Ngonye falls and rapids. As it turns to an easterly direction it forms the border between Zambia and Namibia and eventually joins up with the Chobe River in the Caprivi Swamps, briefly forming a border with Botswana. For the next 500kms it serves as the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe thundering over the Victoria Falls and through the narrow, steadily deepening Batoka Gorge, providing a fantastic playground for white water rafting, kayaking, river boarding and jet boating. From here the steep sides of the gorge eventually flatten out at the broad Gwembe Valley. Then it flows into the Kariba dam for 281kms – it’s width at one point being 40kms. From the dam wall the river travels due north, heading east again at Chirundu. Here it is flanked by the Lower Zambezi National Park on the Zambian side and Mana Pools National Park on the Zimbabwean side. This middle zone supports one of Africa’s most important wilderness areas. After the Luangwa confluence, it’s a much larger Zambezi that flows into Mozambique and out towards the Indian Ocean, having provided power, food, pleasure and transport for many and a home for untold numbers of wildlife along it’s journey. Fishing Trips on the Zambezi River


Who married Welsh actress Catherine Zeta Jones in 2000?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 18 | 2000: Hollywood meets Wales in 'wedding of year' About This Site | Text Only 2000: Hollywood meets Wales in 'wedding of year' The film world has celebrated the celebrity wedding of the year in New York, as Hollywood leading man Michael Douglas married Welsh actress Catherine Zeta Jones. The lavish ceremony took place in New York's Plaza Hotel and cost an estimated �1.5 million. Crowds of well-wishers and photographers lined the street outside and guests waved before walking into the Plaza ballroom where the ceremony was to be held. Catherine Zeta Jones, 31, exchanged vows with Michael Douglas, 56, in a ceremony shrouded in secrecy due to a reputed �1m exclusive deal with OK! Magazine. Security was so tight guests had to show their hologrammed invitations before being allowed in and private photographs were banned. Welsh connection The Welsh dragon fluttered alongside the American stars and stripes above the hotel entrance, and the wedding feast featured Welsh lamb. Even the wedding ring came from a family jeweller in Aberystwyth. The best man was Cameron Douglas, Michael Douglas's 21-year-old son from his first marriage. Also taking a starring role was Dylan, the couple's three-month-old son, who spent most of the ceremony asleep. Star-studded A party of 30 family and friends were flown to the US from the Welsh valleys, including Miss Zeta Jones's mother, Pat, and her father, Dai, a retired sweet salesman. Her grandmother, from whom she gets the name Zeta, was also flown to New York although the 85-year-old is still recovering from two recent operations. The family rubbed shoulders with the groom's father, veteran actor Kirk Douglas, 83, as well as film stars Sir Sean Connery, Jack Nicholson, Sharon Stone, Sir Michael Caine, Christopher Reeve and Danny DeVito. As he arrived, Mr Douglas senior gave his blessing to the marriage, remarking, "I'd marry her myself, but my wife won't let me." Catherine Zeta Jones was born on a housing estate in the Welsh seaside town of Mumbles. She first hit the headlines as a TV star in the ITV drama The Darling Buds of May, before heading to America to star in films such as The Mask of Zorro. Her new husband, Michael Douglas, is one of Hollywood's most bankable stars, from one of its oldest acting dynasties. He has starred in hit films such as Romancing the Stone and Wall Street.


What is a slang word for someone who deals in stolen goods?

Dealer - definition of dealer by The Free Dictionary Dealer - definition of dealer by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dealer 1. One that is engaged in buying and selling: a used-car dealer; a drug dealer. 2. Games a. The person who distributes the cards in a game of cards. b. In a game of cards, especially poker, the position from which cards are dealt clockwise around the table, usually marked by the button. 3. A croupier. (ˈdiːlə) n 1. (Commerce) a person or firm engaged in commercial purchase and sale; trader: a car dealer. 2. (Card Games) cards the person who distributes the cards 3. (Commerce) slang a person who sells illegal drugs ˈdealerˌship n 1. a trader or merchant, esp. a wholesaler. 2. the player distributing the cards in a card game. 3. a person who behaves or acts toward another or others in a specified manner: a plain dealer. 4. Slang. a person who buys and sells drugs illegally. [before 1000] art dealer - a dealer in works of art requiring esthetic evaluation barterer - a trader who exchanges goods and not money bibliopole , bibliopolist - a dealer in secondhand books (especially rare or curious books) cheesemonger - someone who sells cheese barrow-boy , barrow-man , costermonger - a hawker of fruit and vegetables from a barrow cutler - a dealer in cutlery draper - a dealer in fabrics and sewing materials (and sometimes in clothing and drygoods) fence - a dealer in stolen property horse trader - a hard bargainer hardwareman , ironmonger - someone who sells hardware; "in England they call a hardwareman an ironmonger" mercer - a dealer in textiles (especially silks) merchandiser , merchant - a businessperson engaged in retail trade seedman , seedsman - a dealer in seeds slopseller , slop-seller - a dealer in cheap ready-made clothing stamp dealer - a dealer in stamps (whose customers are stamp collectors) stock trader - someone who buys and sells stock shares 2. dealer - a firm engaged in trading business firm , firm , house - the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments; "he worked for a brokerage house" car dealer - a firm that sells and buys cars computer dealer - a firm that sells and buys computers jewelry dealer , jewelry store - a firm that sells and buys jewelry truck dealer - a firm that sells and buys trucks 3. marketer , seller , trafficker , vender , vendor - someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money 4. dealer - the major party to a financial transaction at a stock exchange; buys and sells for his own account broker-dealer - a financial specialist who trades for his own account and so acts both as a broker and principal financier , moneyman - a person skilled in large scale financial transactions 5. dealer - the person who distributes the playing cards in a card game card player - someone who plays (or knows how to play) card games dealer 2. pusher , runner , doper (slang), hawker , peddler He was a drug dealer with a dangerous reputation. dealer اللاعِب المُوَزِّع لأوراق اللعِب تَاجِر تاجِر، بائِع obchodníkrozdavač karet satıcı tüccar kağıt dağıtan kimse người buôn bán dealer [ˈdiːləʳ] N 1. (Comm) → comerciante mf (in de) (in cattle, horses) → tratante mf (in de) (= retailer) (gen) → distribuidor (a) m/f, proveedor (a) m/f; (in cars) → concesionario/a m/f your local Honda dealer → su concesionario Honda más próximo he's a dealer in stolen goods → es comerciante de mercancías robadas see also arm 2 D see also drug C 2. (Cards) → repartidor (a) m/f de cartas the dealer gave him a nine → el que repartía le dio un nueve dealer (also drug dealer) → dealer/euse m/f, revendeur/euse m/f de drogue (= person who buys and sells pictures, antiques, shares) → marchand (e) m/f an antique dealer → un(e) marchand (e) d'antiquités a dealer in shares → un(e) marchand (e) de titres dealer (Comm) → Händler (in) m(f); (= wholesaler) → Großhändler (in) m(f); a dealer in furs → ein Pelzhändler (in drugs) → Dealer (in) m(f) (inf) (Cards) → Kartengeber m a. (Comm) dealer (in) → commerciante m/f (di) an antique dealer → un(a) antiquario/


What band comprised David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Jerry Harrison and Tina Weymouth?

Talking Heads - Music on Google Play Talking Heads About the artist Talking Heads were an American rock band formed in 1975 in New York City and active until 1991. The band comprised David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth, and Jerry Harrison. Described by critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine as "one of the most critically acclaimed bands of the '80s," the group helped to pioneer new wave music by integrating elements of punk, art rock, funk, pop and world music with avant-garde sensibilities and an anxious, clean-cut image. Former art school students who became involved in the 1970s New York punk scene, Talking Heads released their debut Talking Heads: 77 to positive reviews in 1977, and subsequently collaborated with producer Brian Eno on a trio of experimental and critically acclaimed releases: More Songs About Buildings and Food, Fear of Music, and Remain in Light. After a hiatus, the band hit its commercial peak in 1983 with the US Top 10 hit "Burning Down the House" and released the concert film Stop Making Sense, directed by Jonathan Demme. They would release several more albums, including their best-selling LP Little Creatures, before disbanding in 1991. 1 $11.49 Naked is the eighth and final studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released in early 1988. The band dissolved shortly after the album's release, but did not announce their breakup unti... 1 1 $11.49 True Stories is the seventh album released by Talking Heads in 1986; it was released at the same time as the David Byrne film of the same name, True Stories. The album does not contain the actors' ... 1 1 $11.49 Little Creatures is the sixth studio album by American new wave band Talking Heads, released in June 1985. The album examines themes of Americana and incorporates elements of country music, with ma... 1 1 $8.99 Little Creatures is the sixth studio album by American new wave band Talking Heads, released in June 1985. The album examines themes of Americana and incorporates elements of country music, with ma... 1 1 $8.99 Speaking in Tongues is the fifth studio album by the band Talking Heads, released in 1983. The album was a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's first American Top 10 hit, "Burning Down ... 1 1 $11.49 Speaking in Tongues is the fifth studio album by the band Talking Heads, released in 1983. The album was a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's first American Top 10 hit, "Burning Down ... 1 1 $11.49 Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American new wave band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980, on Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma S... 1 1 $7.99 Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American new wave band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980, on Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma S... 1 1 $9.49 Fear of Music is the third studio album by American new wave band Talking Heads, released on 3 August 1979 on Sire Records. It was recorded at locations in New York City between April and May 1979 ... 1 1 $11.49 Fear of Music is the third studio album by American new wave band Talking Heads, released on 3 August 1979 on Sire Records. It was recorded at locations in New York City between April and May 1979 ... 1 David Byrne 0 David Byrne is a Scottish-born American multi-instrumentalist who was the founding member, principal songwriter, and lead singer and guitarist of the American new wave band Talking Heads, active be... 0 David Bowie 0 David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in popular music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an... 0 Tom Tom Club 0 Tom Tom Club is an American new wave band founded in 1981 by husband-and-wife team Tina Weymouth and Chris Frantz, both also known for being members of Talking Heads. Their best known hits include ... 0 The Clash 0 The Clash were an English punk rock band that formed in 1976 as part of the original wave of British punk. Along with punk, their music inco


The Crusaders from western Europe during their fourth crusade destroyed what major Orthodox Christian city in 1204?

The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople | History Today The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople Crusades , Byzantine Empire Middle East , Turkey Military Jonathan Phillips sees one of the most notorious events in European history as a typical ‘clash of cultures’. The capture of Constantinople by the armies of the Fourth Crusade was one of the most remarkable episodes in medieval history. One of their number wrote, ‘No history could ever relate marvels greater than those as far as the fortunes of war are concerned’. On April 12th, 1204, an army of perhaps 20,000 men and a fleet of about 200 ships crewed by Venetian sailors and warriors, broke in and began to loot the greatest metropolis in the Christian world. Constantinople’s mighty walls had resisted numerous onslaughts as the Avars, Persians and Arabs had tried to assail its defences over the centuries. Yet always ‘the queen of cities’, as the Byzantines described their capital, had survived. What had brought the crusaders to attack their fellow Christians and how did they manage to succeed? The crusaders understood their success as a manifestation of God’s will. One commented, ‘There can be no doubt that the hand of the Lord guided all of these events’.  Want the full article and website archive access? Already a member? Log in now


"What appears on the usual logo for the musical ""West Side Story"" and is the setting for Maria and Tony's duet, ""Tonight""?"

WEST SIDE STORY  WEST SIDE STORY was first presented by Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince, by arrangement with Roger L. Stevens, at the Winter Garden, New York City, September 26, 1957, with the following cast:  THE JETS RIFF, the leader-Mickey Calin TONY, his friend-Larry Kert ACTION-Eddie Roll A-RAB-Tony Mordente BABY JOHN-David Winters SNOWBOY-Grover Dale BIG DEAL-Martin Charnin DIESEL-Hank Brunjes GEE-TAR-Tommy Abbott MOUTHPIECE-Frank Green TIGER-Lowell Harris  THEIR GIRLS GRAZIELLA-Wilma Curley VELMA-Carole D'Andrea MINNIE-Nanette Rosen CLARICE-Marilyn D'Honau PAULINE-Julie Oser ANYBODYS-Lee Becker  THE SHARKS BERNARDO, the leader-Ken Le Roy MARIA, his sister-Carol Lawrence ANITA, his girl-Chita Rivera CHINO, his friend-Jamie Sanchez PEPE-George Marcy INDIO-Noel Schwartz LUIS-Al De Sio ANXOIUS-Gene Gavin NIBBLES-Ronnie Lee JUANO-Jay Norman TORO-Erne Castaldo MOOSE-Jack Murray  THEIR GIRLS ROSALIA-Marilyn Cooper CONSUELO-Reri Grist TERESITA-Carmen Guiterrez FRANCISCA-Elizabeth Taylor ESTELLA-Lynn Ross MARGARITA-Liane Plane  THE ADULTS DOC-Art Smith SCHRANK-Arch Johnson KRUPKE-William Bramley GLAD HAND-John Harkins  ACT ONE  PROLOGUE: THE MONTHS BEFORE 5:00 P.M., The Street 5:30 P.M., A Back Yard 6:00 P.M., A Bridal Shop 10:00 P.M., The Gym 11:00 P.M., A Back Alley MIDNIGHT, The Drugstore THE NEXT DAY 9:15 P.M., The Bridal Shop 6:00 to 9:00 P.M., The Neighborhood 9:00 P.M., Under the Highway ACT TWO 9:15 P.M., A Bedroom 10:00 P.M., Another Alley 11:30 P.M., The Bedroom 11:40 P.M., The Drugstore 11:50 P.M., The Cellar MIDNIGHT, The Street MUSICAL NUMBERS  ACT ONE PROLOGUE, Danced by the Jets and Shark JET SONG, Riff and Jets SOMEHING'S COMING, Tony THE DANCE AT THE GYM MARIA, Tony TONIGHT, Tony and Maria AMERICA, Anita, Rosalia, and Shark Girls COOL, Riff and the Jets ONE HAND, ONE HEART, Tony and Maria TONIGHT (Quintet and Chorus), Company THE RUMBLE, Riff, Bernardo, Jets and Sharks  ACT TWO I FEEL PRETTY, Maria, Rosalia, Teresita, Francisca SOMEWHERE, Danced by Company; Sung by Consuelo GEE, OFFICER KRUPKE, Action, Snowboy, and Jets A BOY LIKE THAT, Anita and Maria I HAVE A LOVE, Anita and Maria TAUNTING, Anita and the Jets FINALE, Company  ACT I SCENE ONE 5:00 P.M. The Street. A suggestion of city streets and alleyways: a brick wall.  The opening is musical: half-danced, half-mimed, with occasional phrases of dialogue. It is primarily a condensation of the growing rivalry between two teen-age games, the Jets and the Sharks, each of which has its own prideful uniform. The boys - sideburned, long-haired- are vital, restless, sardonic; the Sharks are Puerto Ricans, the Jets an anthology of what is called "American."  The action begins with the Jets in possession of the are: owning, enjoying, loving their "home." Their leader is Riff: glowing, driving, intelligent, slightly wacky. His lieutenant is Deisel: big, slow, steady, nice. The youngest member of the gang is Baby John: awed at everything including that he is a Jet, trying to act the big man. His buddy is A-rab: an explosive little ferret who enjoys everything and understands the seriousness of nothing. The most aggressive is Action: a catlike ball of fury. We will get to know these boys better later, as well as Snowboy: a bespectacled self-styled expert.  The first interruption of the Jets' sunny mood is the sharply punctuated entrance of the leader of the Sharks, Bernardo: handsome proud, fluid, a chip on his sardonic shoulder. The Jets, by far in the majority, flick him off. He returns with other Sharks: they, too, are flicked off. But the numerical supremacy, the strength of the Jets, is gradually being threatened. The beginnings of warfare are mild at first: a boy being tripped up, or being sandbagged with a flour sack or even being spit on -all with overly elaborate apologies.  Finally, A-rab comes across the suddenly deserted area, pretending to be an airplane. There is no sound as he zooms along in fancied flight. Then over the wall drops Bernardo. Another Shark, another and another appear, blocki


Artist Ai Weiwei is resident, in 2014, in what country?

ArtAsiaPacific: Ai Wei Wei At Helsinki China Were you to be flying over Finland, one of the first things you might notice is the profusion of green that covers so much of its landscape. Not the light green hue of pasture and fields, but the deep, dark emerald of pine and spruce. With 65 percent of the country covered in forest, wood is not just an important everyday material, but an element that is deeply embedded in Finnish culture and life. Clearly, then, it is no coincidence that the main theme for Ai Weiwei’s first solo exhibition in Finland is wood. It is also the artist’s first exhibition focused on just one material. The Helsinki Art Museum (HAM), where the exhibition takes place, is located within one of the city’s most iconic buildings—the beloved Tennispalatsi, built originally for the 1940 Summer Olympics. HAM chief curator Erja Pusa and curator Heli Harni worked with Ai to select the 27 works that comprise “Ai Weiwei @ Helsinki,” which include the two recent works Garbage Container (2014) and the impressive, 80-square-meter White House (2015). The fact that HAM has chosen wood as the common denominator for the exhibited works, rather than a particular theme, is refreshing: the exhibition, in effect, does not pretend to be another “end all be all” presentation of Ai’s oeuvre. It does, however, mean that the uninitiated viewer may find it challenging to grapple with some of Ai’s leitmotifs—namely, his critical take on the destruction of culture for industrial progress, as well as human rights and freedom of speech, to name a few. While there are select wall texts available explaining Ai’s work, they feel more like random snapshots than a coherent narrative. One could perhaps argue that Ai has reached a point where it could be assumed that the average visitor is familiar with at least the broad strokes of his career—such as his interest in the ready-made; his controversial blog; his independent investigation of student deaths caused by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China; his detention by Chinese authorities in 2011; and so on. AI WEIWEI, Garbage Container, 2014, Huali wood, 240 × 160 × 100 cm. Courtesy the artist.  AI WEIWEI, Handcuffs, 2011, Huali wood, 40 × 13 × 2.50 cm. Courtesy the artist.  Much of Ai’s work builds on the juxtaposition between object and material. Take, for example, Handcuffs (2011)—which is made of expensive Huali rosewood—and a six-meter-tall tree sculpture literally titled Tree (2010). As forests and old buildings are being razed to make room for modern developments, artworks such as Tree, composed of dead trunks and branches, seek to cobble together what has been lost to remake them anew. Meanwhile, Through (2007), an installation of angular, intertwined antique tables and old temple pillars, explores notions of borders and crossing, but is also significant for its use of the now-extinct Tieli hardwood. Similarly, the capacious White House (2015) is a Qing-dynasty-era building saved from demolition. Painted white, its rafters and beams seem to resemble the skeleton of some great, ancient creature—like leviathan bones bleached from the sun. This interest in heritage and craftsmanship dates back to Ai’s earliest works, and his appreciation of wood (not just as a medium, but as an important historical element in Chinese culture) resonates aptly with Finnish culture and history. It was the pine tree whose bark was used as substitute bread to stave off famine during the 1918 Finnish Civil War. The birch, meanwhile, was used to make everything from shoes to utensils in the country, before plastic ruled the roost. In Finland, wood is everywhere—from jewelry made by upmarket designer Aarikka to the iconic furniture of Alvar Aalto to even the chemical makeup of the sugar substitute Xylitol in their chewing gum. The Finnish Easter dessert mämmi (an acquired taste, being as it is heavily reliant on rye flour and molasses) is traditionally served in birch-bark bowls. Finns also invented the woodhouse sauna and even Nokia started off as a paper factory. In fact, Ai’s sprawling 15-by-13-meter Ordos


In traditional English cuisine, what goes with roast pork?

Perfect Roast Pork and Crackling Recipe Every Time Preparation Preheat the oven to 220C/425F/gas 7 The pork should be at room temperature before you start this recipe. Using a paper towel dry the pork all over including the skin. Using a very sharp knife (A Stanley or Craft knife works well) make slashes approx a finger width apart across the skin, don't cut through to the meat, about half way down the fat is good. Rub the skin with the oil ensuring it goes down into the slashes. Sprinkle with salt, again make sure it is down into the slits. Place the pork into a large roasting tin. Tuck the two onion halves under the meat, this will help keep the meat upright as well as adding flavour to the meat. Cook for 1 hour and 40 minutes. If you are using a larger or smaller joint then cook for 25 minutes per 450g/1lb, plus add on a further 25 minutes. Switch off the oven (unless you need to cook the crackling further, see note below). Remove the meat from the roasting tin and place onto a serving plate, cover loosely with foil and place in the oven with the door slightly ajar. If you need to keep the oven hot (ie for cooking potatoes or maybe Yorkshire Pudding s then wrap the meat completely in foil and keep in a warm place. Remove the onion from the pan, then place the pan on the stove top over a high heat until the meat juices begin to bubble but not burning. Add the flour, and stir to blend into the meat juices. Pour in the cider or wine and scrape all the juices from the bottom of the pan, reduce to a sticky glaze. Do not leave the pan unattended as the reduction happens very quickly. Add the stock and stir well, Strain the gravy through a fine sieve into a saucepan and reduce by one-third. Add the butter in tiny pieces shaking the pan gently until the all the butter is absorbed. Keep warm until needed. Remove the crackling from the pork and carve into thick slices. Serve with pieces of crackling and the gravy, seasonal vegetables, Apple Sauce is a great accompaniment as is Sage and Onion Stuffing. Don't forget the traditional Yorkshire Puddings if it is a Sunday lunch.


What is a species of marmot, also called a groundhog, found in parts of the USA?

What is The Difference Between Groundhog and Prarie-Dog ( Disqus: User Comparisons ) Groundhog The groundhog (Marmota monax), also known as a woodchuck, whistle-pig, or in some areas land-beaver, is a rodent of the family Sciuridae, belonging to the group of large ground squirrels known as marmots. groundhog   n : reddish brown North American marmot [syn: {woodchuck}, {Marmota     monax}] 40 Moby Thesaurus words for "groundhog":  Cape polecat, ape, bar, bear, cavy, chimp, chimpanzee, coon,  digger, dredge, dredger, driller, excavator, ferret, foumart,  glutton, guinea pig, hedgehog, miner, monk, monkey, mousehound,  navvy, opossum, polecat, porcupine, possum, prairie dog, quill pig,  raccoon, sandhog, sapper, skunk, steam shovel, tunneler, weasel,  whistle-pig, wolverine, woodchuck, zoril marmot \mar"mot\ (m[aum]r"m[o^]t; 277), n. [It. marmotta,  marmotto, prob. fr. L. mus montanus, or mus montis, lit.,  mountain mouse or rat. See {Mountain}, and {Mouse}.]  1. (Zo["o]l.) Any rodent of the genus {Marmota} (formerly    {Arctomys}) of the subfamily Sciurinae. The common    European marmot ({Marmota marmotta}) is about the size of    a rabbit, and inhabits the higher regions of the Alps and    Pyrenees. The {bobac} is another European species. The    common American species ({Marmota monax}) is the    {woodchuck} (also called {groundhog}), but the name marmot    is usually used only for the western variety.    [1913 Webster +PJC]   2. Any one of several species of ground squirrels or gophers    of the genus {Spermophilus}; also, the prairie dog.    [1913 Webster]   {Marmot squirrel} (Zo["o]l.), a ground squirrel or    spermophile.   {Prairie marmot}. See {Prairie dog}.    [1913 Webster] groundhog \ground"hog`\, ground hog \ground" hog`\  (ground"h[o^]g`), n.  A reddish brown North American burrowing marmot ({Marmota  monax}), also called the {woodchuck}. It hibernates in the  winter.   Syn: woodchuck, {Marmota monax}.     [WordNet 1.5] Hog \Hog\ (h[o^]g), n. [Prob. akin to E. hack to cut, and  meaning orig., a castrated boar; cf. also W. hwch swine, sow,  Armor. houc'h, hoc'h. Cf. {Haggis}, {Hogget}, and  {Hoggerel}.]  1. (Zo["o]l.) A quadruped of the genus {Sus}, and allied    genera of {Suid[ae]}; esp., the domesticated varieties of    {Sus scrofa}, kept for their fat and meat, called,    respectively, {lard} and {pork}; swine; porker;    specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow.    [1913 Webster]   Note: The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of Southern     Europe, are thought to have been derived from {Sus     Indicus}.     [1913 Webster]   2. A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow. [Low.]    [1913 Webster]   3. A young sheep that has not been shorn. [Eng.]    [1913 Webster]   4. (Naut.) A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a    ship's bottom under water. --Totten.    [1913 Webster]   5. (Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring the pulp    of which paper is made.    [1913 Webster]   {Bush hog}, {Ground hog}, etc.. See under {Bush}, {Ground},    etc.   {Hog caterpillar} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of the green    grapevine sphinx; -- so called because the head and first    three segments are much smaller than those behind them, so    as to make a resemblance to a hog's snout. See {Hawk    moth}.   {Hog cholera}, an epidemic contagious fever of swine,    attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance    on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a    scarlet, purple, or black color. It is fatal in from one    to six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery. --Law    (Farmer's Veter. Adviser.)   {Hog deer} (Zo["o]l.), the axis deer.   {Hog gum} (Bot.), West Indian tree ({Symphonia globulifera}),    yielding an aromatic gum.   {Hog of wool}, the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep    of the second year.   {Hog peanut} (Bot.), a kind of earth pea.   {Hog plum} (Bot.), a tropical tre


Q is associated with scientific developments and gadgets for which other fictional character?

British Secret Service Seeks High-Tech Gadget Guru | Fox News British Secret Service Seeks High-Tech Gadget Guru Published        April 17, 2009 LONDON –  He was James Bond's go-to guy for inventions that included dagger-embedded shoes, radioactive lint and a deadly sofa that swallowed people. Now, Britain's domestic spy agency — MI5 — is hunting for its very own "Q," of sorts. MI6's sister organization, which carries out surveillance on terror suspects inside Britain and gives security advice to the government, is searching for someone to lead its scientific work. Projects could include everything from developing counterterrorism technology to tackling a biological or chemical attack. "Looking for a chief scientific adviser to lead and coordinate the scientific work of the security service so that the service continues to be supported by excellent science and technology advice," MI5's Web site ad reads. • Click here for FOXNews.com's Patents and Innovation Center. Since the 2001 terror attacks in the United States and the subsequent suicide bombings in London in 2005, spy agencies around the world have raced to develop technological tools in the fight against terrorism. Mobile phones equipped with sensors for detecting chemical, biological or radioactive agents are already in the works. Others, such as supersensitive eavesdropping devices, will likely be rolled out for the 2012 Olympics in London. The biggest fear, however, remains a chemical, biological or nuclear attack. "Threat equals the capability of your enemy and their intention," said a British government official who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of his work. "What we've seen over the years is terror cells transferring both knowledge and technology. The intention is limitless." Candidates for the MI5 job need to be at least 18, British or naturalized citizens who have "world-class scientific expertise and credibility in relevant scientific and technology disciplines, outstanding influencing and communication skills, experience of building an effective network and of creating a high quality team." There are no salary details posted for the job, which would be 2 to 3 days a week. MI5's head Jonathan Evans — himself an expert on al-Qaida and other terror networks — has talked publicly about the threat that terror groups still pose to Britain. He also spoke recently about the threat posed by digital spying, or using technology to obtain confidential or sensitive information. The spy agency has long had a roster of scientific staff tasked with developing high-tech gadgets, but an official said the service now wants a high-profile figure to lead pioneering work in technology and science. The advisor's work will focus chiefly on creating sophisticated new tools to help security service officers carry out surveillance and analysis work, said a government security official, who requested anonymity to discuss the work of MI5. Recent court cases in Britain have detailed the heavy use by MI5 and police of audio and video bugs and e-mail intercepts to track conversations between suspects. Officers have long been rumored to have other James Bond-style kits at their disposal, including chemicals which can be attached to a suspect and leave a trace wherever they go — similar to the radioactive lint supplied by Q to 007. Although the fictional James Bond character of "Q" worked for MI6 and was best known for his gadgets, he was also known in the Ian Fleming novels as a quartermaster of the agency's scientific branch. Security officials refuse to discuss what techniques MI5 uses, for fear of compromising their methods. Advertisement


"Who sings the theme song to the UK TV series ""One Foot in the Grave""?"

One Foot In The Grave lyrics One Foot In The Grave Richard Wilson as the grouchy Victor Meldrew in BBC TV's hit sitcom "One Foot In The Grave"     This version is the actual theme tune to the programme of the same name. It is sung by Eric Idle    They say I might as well face the truth, That I am just too long in the tooth, Oh I�m an OAP and with needs, But I have not yet quite gone to seed.    I may be over the hill now that I have retired, Fading away but I�m not yet expired, Clapped out, run down, too old to save, One foot in the grave    Music and lyrics by: Eric Idle


SI RADIATION MEASUREMENT UNITS: CONVERSION FACTORS SI RADIATION MEASUREMENT UNITS: CONVERSION FACTORS What's the Difference Between Roentgen, Rad and Rem Radiation Measurements? A: Since nuclear radiation affects people, we must be able to measure its presence. We also need to relate the amount of radiation received by the body to its physiological effects. Two terms used to relate the amount of radiation received by the body are exposure and dose. When you are exposed to radiation, your body absorbs a dose of radiation. As in most measurement quantities, certain units are used to properly express the measurement. For radiation measurements they are: * Roentgen: The roentgen measures the energy produced by gamma radiation in a cubic centimeter of air. It is usually abbreviated with the capital letter "R". A milliroentgen, or "mR", is equal to one one-thousandth of a roentgen. An exposure of 50 roentgens would be written "50 R". * Rad: Or, Radiation Absorbed Dose recognizes that different materials that receive the same exposure may not absorb the same amount of energy. A rad measures the amount of radiation energy transferred to some mass of material, typically humans. One roentgen of gamma radiation exposure results in about one rad of absorbed dose. * Rem: Or, Roentgen Equivalent Man is a unit that relates the dose of any radiation to the biological effect of that dose. To relate the absorbed dose of specific types of radiation to their biological effect, a "quality factor" must be multiplied by the dose in rad, which then shows the dose in rems. For gamma rays and beta particles, 1 rad of exposure results in 1 rem of dose. Other measurement terms: Standard International (SI) units which may be used in place of the rem and the rad are the sievert (Sv) and the gray (Gy). These units are related as follows: 1Sv = 100 rem, 1Gy = 100 rad. Two other terms which refer to the rate of radioactive decay of a radioactive material are curie (Ci) and becquerel (Bq). Bottom Line: Fortunately, cutting through the above confusion, for purposes of practical radiation protection in humans, most experts agree (including FEMA Emergency Management Institute) that Roentgen, Rad and Rem can all be considered equivalent. The exposure rates you'll usually see will be expressed simply in terms of roentgen (R) or milliroentgen (mR). Source: http://www.radmeters4u.com/#1b


In 800AD, who became the first Holy Roman Emperor?

Charlemagne Crowned as Holy Roman Emperor - 601-900 Church History Timeline / Church / Church History / Timeline / 601-900 / Charlemagne Crowned as Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne Crowned as Holy Roman Emperor Dan Graves, MSL Tweet When the people of western Europe awoke on this day, December 26, 800, they had an emperor again. On Christmas Day, as King Charles of France knelt in prayer before the altar of the church of St. Peter's in Rome, Pope Leo III suddenly placed a golden crown on his head. The Roman people shouted three times, "To Charles Augustus, crowned by God, the great and pacific emperor of the Romans, life and victory!" Charles was reverenced by the pope and called Emperor and Augustus, after the manner of the leaders of ancient Rome. What led up to this dramatic event? Three hundred years and more had passed since the collapse of the Roman Empire in western Europe. Many elements were at work. For one thing, the popes owed the Franks a great debt for their preservation in recent years. Charles Martel had turned back the Muslim invasion of Europe and Peppin had subdued the Lombards. Another reason for the pope to crown Charles was to show Rome's independence from the Greek Empire in Constantinople. Since the days of Constantine in the fourth century, the eastern part of the Roman Empire had increased in authority and power. In Charles, King of the Franks, the pope had found a new Constantine to head a revived western empire. To be sure, Charles was an empire-builder. He had become master of the French kingdom in 768 and used his military might to forcibly bring the German tribes under his authority, forcing them to accept baptism and become Christians . His cruelty has been blamed for the Viking invasions which troubled Europe for over a century. His dominion stretched from the Baltic Sea to the British Channel to Rome itself. Charles worked diligently to provide a good, unified organization for his vast empire. When King Charles returned to France after being crowned emperor, he forced his subjects to take an oath to him as Caesar. He re-established the Roman Empire on a Teutonic base. The coronation of Charles sparked much debate during the middle ages. At issue was what relationship of church to state. Did the act of crowning the emperor show the pope's superior authority as giver of the empire to King Charles? Charles didn't think so. He continued to rule as the divinely appointed protector of the church, appointing bishops as well as counts to office. He was not only the first, but possibly the greatest of the emperors from the eighth through the nineteenth century. He restored education, improved law, supported the church, backed Alcuin's attempts to produce an accurate Bible and in many other ways did much that was good. In France, his name was blended with his greatness, and he is known as Charlemagne. Bibliography: Based on an earlier Christian History Institute story. Bell, Mrs. Arthur. Saints in Christian Art. London: George Bell, 1901 - 1904. Source of the image. Einhard and Nokter the Stammerer. Two Lives of Charlemagne. Penguin, 1969. Winston, Richard. Charlemagne; from the hammer to the cross. New York: Vintage, 1954. Various encyclopedia articles.


Lines of Longitude in Geography Longitude is the angular distance of any point on Earth measured east or west of a point on Earth's surface. Where Is Zero Degrees Longitude? Unlike latitude there is no easy point of reference such as the equator to be designated as zero degrees in the longitude system. To avoid confusion, the world's nations have agreed that the Prime Meridian , which passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England, will serve as that reference point and be designated as zero degrees. Because of this designation, longitude is measured in degrees west or east of the Prime Meridian. For example, 30°E, the line passing through eastern Africa, is an angular distance of 30° east of the Prime Meridian. 30°W, which is in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is an angular distance of 30° west of the Prime Meridian. There are 180 degrees east of the Prime Meridian and coordinates are sometimes given without the designation of "E" or east. When this is used, a positive value represents coordinates east of the Prime Meridian. continue reading below our video Latitude and Longitude There are also 180 degrees west of the Prime Meridian and when "W" or west is omitted in a coordinate a negative value such as -30° represents coordinates west of the Prime Meridian. The 180° line is neither east nor west and approximates the International Date Line . On a map ( diagram ), lines of longitude are the vertical lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole and are perpendicular to lines of latitude. Every line of longitude also crosses the equator. Because longitude lines are not parallel, they are known as meridians. Like parallels, meridians name the specific line and indicate the distance east or west of a 0° line. Meridians converge at the poles and are farthest apart at the equator (about 69 miles (111 km) apart). Development and History of Longitude For centuries, mariners and explorers worked to determine their longitude in an effort to make navigation easier. Latitude was determined easily by observing the inclination of the sun or the position of known stars in the sky and calculating the angular distance from the horizon to them. Longitude could not be determined in this way because Earth's rotation constantly changes the position of stars and the sun. The first person to offer a method for measuring longitude was the explorer Amerigo Vespucci . In the late 1400s, he began measuring and comparing the positions of the moon and Mars with their predicted positions over several nights at the same time ( diagram ). In his measurements, Vespucci calculated the angle between his location, the moon and Mars. By doing this, Vespucci got a rough estimate of longitude. This method did not become widely used however because it relied on a specific astronomical event. Observers also needed to know the specific time and measure the moon and Mars' positions on a stable viewing platform- both of which were difficult to do at sea. In the early 1600s, a new idea to measure longitude was developed when Galileo determined that it could be measured with two clocks. He said that any point on Earth took 24 hours to travel the full 360° rotation of Earth. He found that if you divide 360° by 24 hours, you find that a point on Earth travels 15° of longitude every hour. Therefore, with an accurate clock at sea, a comparison of two clocks would determine longitude. One clock would be at the home port and the other on the ship. The clock on the ship would need to be reset to local noon each day. The time difference would then indicate the longitudinal difference traveled as one hour represented a 15° change in longitude. Shortly thereafter, there were several attempts to make a clock that could accurately tell time on the unstable deck of a ship. In 1728, clockmaker John Harrison began working on the problem and in 1760, he produced the first marine chronometer called Number 4. In 1761, the chronometer was tested and determined to be accurate, officially making it possible to measure longitude on land and at sea. Measuring Longi


How many sports were competed at the first Olympic Games in 8th century BCE?

The Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com The Olympic Games A+E Networks Introduction The Olympic Games, which originated in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, were revived in the late 19th century and have become the world’s preeminent sporting competition. From the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D., the Games were held every four years in Olympia, located in the western Peloponnese peninsula, in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in 1896 in Athens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately and have alternated every two years. Google The Olympics in Ancient Greece The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 B.C., when a cook named Coroebus won the only event–a 192-meter footrace called the stade (the origin of the modern “stadium”)–to become the first Olympic champion. However, it is generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years by that time. Legend has it that Heracles (the Roman Hercules ), son of Zeus and the mortal woman Alcmene, founded the Games, which by the end of the 6th century B.C had become the most famous of all Greek sporting festivals. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location at Olympia, a sacred site located near the western coast of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. Their influence was so great that ancient historians began to measure time by the four-year increments in between Olympic Games, which were known as Olympiads. Did You Know? The 1896 Games featured the first Olympic marathon, which followed the 25-mile route run by the Greek soldier who brought news of a victory over the Persians from Marathon to Athens in 490 B.C. Fittingly, Greece's Spyridon Louis won the first gold medal in the event. In 1924, the distance would be standardized to 26 miles and 385 yards. After 13 Olympiads, two more races joined the stade as Olympic events: the diaulos (roughly equal to today’s 400-meter race), and the dolichos (a longer-distance race, possibly comparable to the 1,500-meter or 5,000-meter event). The pentathlon (consisting of five events: a foot race, a long jump, discus and javelin throws and a wrestling match) was introduced in 708 B.C., boxing in 688 B.C. and chariot racing in 680 B.C. In 648 B.C., pankration, a combination of boxing and wrestling with virtually no rules, debuted as an Olympic event. Participation in the ancient Olympic Games was initially limited to freeborn male citizens of Greece; there were no women’s events, and married women were prohibited from attending the competition. Decline and Revival of the Olympic Tradition After the Roman Empire conquered Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality declined. In one notorious example from A.D. 67, the decadent Emperor Nero entered an Olympic chariot race, only to disgrace himself by declaring himself the winner even after he fell off his chariot during the event. In A.D. 393, Emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, called for a ban on all “pagan” festivals, ending the ancient Olympic tradition after nearly 12 centuries. It would be another 1,500 years before the Games would rise again, largely thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. Dedicated to the promotion of physical education, the young baron became inspired by the idea of creating a modern Olympic Games after visiting the ancient Olympic site. In November 1892, at a meeting of the Union des Sports Athlétiques in Paris, Coubertin proposed the idea of reviving the Olympics as an international athletic competition held every four years. Two years later, he got the approval he needed to found the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which would become the governing body of the modern Olympic Games. The Olympics Through the Years The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in


Which NASA space shuttle was lost after exploding 73 seconds after lift off in 1986?

Challenger lost after liftoff - Jan 28, 1986 - HISTORY.com Challenger lost after liftoff Publisher A+E Networks The space shuttle Challenger is lost just after liftoff on this day in 1986, killing the seven astronauts aboard. The Challenger was the second shuttle built by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It took its first flight into space on April 4, 1983, and made a total of nine voyages prior to January 1986. The 10th trip for Challenger included a teacher from New Hampshire , Christa MacAuliffe, among the astronauts, as part of a new Teacher in Space project. The Challenger was scheduled to launch on January 22, but a series of problems with the weather delayed the launch until January 28. It was a cold morning at Cape Canaveral and engineers working on the shuttle team warned their superiors that certain equipment on the shuttle was vulnerable to failure at cold temperatures. However, these warnings went unheeded and at 11:39 a.m., the Challenger was launched. Problems began immediately. First, the O-ring seal on the Challenger‘s solid rocket booster, which had become brittle in the cold temperatures, failed. Flames then broke out of the booster and damaged the external fuel tank. Within 73 seconds, the shuttle began breaking apart, and then it plunged into the ocean. All seven astronauts died but it remains unclear what caused their deaths. A later investigation revealed that the forces involved in the shuttle breakup were not sufficient to have killed them, but that they may have lost consciousness only seconds later as their module lost cabin pressure. President Ronald Reagan postponed the State of the Union address that was scheduled for that evening and instead addressed the nation about the tragedy. He appointed a commission to investigate the accident and the shuttle program was put on hiatus. The Rogers Commission determined that Morton Thiokol, the company that designed the solid rocket boosters, had ignored warnings about potential flaws. NASA managers were aware of these design problems, but also failed to take action. Famously, scientist Richard Feynman, a member of the Rogers Commission, demonstrated the O-ring flaw to the public using a simple glass of ice water. Ten years after the disaster, two large pieces from the Challenger washed ashore on a Florida beach. The remaining debris from the Challenger is now stored in a missile silo at Cape Canaveral. Related Videos


The modern Olympic Games are named after games held originally in what country?

First modern Olympic Games - Apr 06, 1896 - HISTORY.com First modern Olympic Games Publisher A+E Networks On April 6, 1896, the Olympic Games, a long-lost tradition of ancient Greece, are reborn in Athens 1,500 years after being banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I. At the opening of the Athens Games, King Georgios I of Greece and a crowd of 60,000 spectators welcomed athletes from 13 nations to the international competition. The first recorded Olympic Games were held at Olympia in the Greek city-state of Elis in 776 B.C., but it is generally accepted that the Olympics were at least 500 years old at that time. The ancient Olympics, held every four years, occurred during a religious festival honoring the Greek god Zeus. In the eighth century B.C., contestants came from a dozen or more Greek cities, and by the fifth century B.C. from as many as 100 cities from throughout the Greek empire. Initially, Olympic competition was limited to foot races, but later a number of other events were added, including wrestling, boxing, horse and chariot racing, and military competitions. The pentathlon, introduced in 708 B.C., consisted of a foot race, the long jump, discus and javelin throws, and wrestling. With the rise of Rome, the Olympics declined, and in 393 A.D. the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, abolished the Games as part of his efforts to suppress paganism in the Roman Empire. With the Renaissance, Europe began a long fascination with ancient Greek culture, and in the 18th and 19th centuries some nations staged informal sporting and folkloric festivals bearing the name “Olympic Games.” However, it was not until 1892 that a young French baron, Pierre de Coubertin, seriously proposed reviving the Olympics as a major international competition that would occur every four years. At a conference on international sport in Paris in June 1894, Coubertin again raised the idea, and the 79 delegates from nine countries unanimously approved his proposal. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was formed, and the first Games were planned for 1896 in Athens, the capital of Greece. In Athens, 280 participants from 13 nations competed in 43 events, covering track-and-field, swimming, gymnastics, cycling, wrestling, weightlifting, fencing, shooting, and tennis. All the competitors were men, and a few of the entrants were tourists who stumbled upon the Games and were allowed to sign up. The track-and-field events were held at the Panathenaic Stadium, which was originally built in 330 B.C. and restored for the 1896 Games. Americans won nine out of 12 of these events. The 1896 Olympics also featured the first marathon competition, which followed the 25-mile route run by a Greek soldier who brought news of a victory over the Persians from Marathon to Athens in 490 B.C. In 1924, the marathon was standardized at 26 miles and 385 yards. Appropriately, a Greek, Spyridon Louis, won the first marathon at the 1896 Athens Games. Pierre de Coubertin became IOC president in 1896 and guided the Olympic Games through its difficult early years, when it lacked much popular support and was overshadowed by world’s fairs. In 1924, the first truly successful Olympic Games were held in Paris, involving more than 3,000 athletes, including more than 100 women, from 44 nations. The first Winter Olympic Games were also held that year. In 1925, Coubertin retired. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the foremost international sports competition. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, more than 10,000 athletes from 200 countries competed, including nearly 4,000 women. In 2004, the Summer Olympics returned to Athens, with more than 11,000 athletes competing from 202 countries. In a proud moment for Greeks and an exciting one for spectators, the shotput competition was held at the site of the classical Games in Olympia. Related Videos


How many bones are there in the human body?

How Many Bones Are There in the Human Body? How Many Bones Are There in the Human Body? Home Human Howmanyarethere 05 May 2011 25171 Views There are 206 bones at adult human body skeleton system.Babies,infants have about 231 bones.The skeleton provides stability and structure, assists in movement, protects organs, stores minerals and produces blood cells. Human Skeleton Structure The Skull The skull is comprised of about 22 bones that protect the brain, support the facial structure and are involved in allowing humans to hear. The Vertebral Column The vertebral column is comprised of about 24 bones that support the body , assist in movement and protect the spinal cord. It has sections that are divided, from the skull down, into the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. Thoracic The thoracic portion of the skeleton includes about twelve pairs of ribs and the sternum, and is integral in protecting delicate internal organs. Upper Limb Bones Including about 64 bones, this region of the upper body includes the upper limb bones and pectoral girdle, located around the shoulders. These bones are essential for much of human movement. Lower Limb Bones The lower limb bones include the 62 bones of the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs, to the foot. These bones are instrumental for locomotion and reproduction.


Jill Munroe, Sabrina Duncan, Kelly Garrett, Kris Munroe, Tiffany Welles and Julie Rogers were characters in which US TV series?

Charlie's Angels Charlie's Angels Sabrina Duncan, Jill Munroe, Kelly Garrett, Kris Munroe, Tiffany Welles, Julie Rogers, Natalie Cook, Dylan Sanders, Alex Munday, Kate Prince, Eve French and Abby Sampson Created by Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts "Once upon a time there were three beautiful girls who went to the police academy, and they were each assigned very hazardous duties. But I took them away from all that and now they work for me. My name is Charlie." --spoken intro to each and every show. It was either the greatest discrepancy between quality and popularity known to television or good, clean, escapist entertainment, seventies-style. It did have a sort of style, I guess: the slick music, the sharp clothes and the full-blooded characterizations of Peter Gunn replaced by the hairspray, the nipples and the crazed rapist of the week. But this was, more than anything, the "archetypal jiggle show." It was really awful, really. The premise was that three female police academy grads are recruited by the mysterious but wealthy Charie Townshend of Townshend Investigations to be his operatives. Dashiell Hammett this ain't. And it sure wasn't any kind of blow for sisterhood, or any kind of improvment on the image of women, as the cast and crew originally, laughingly contended. The Angels' chief M.O. was to go undercover. Over the course of the series they went incognito in such shockingly non-traditional female roles as fashion models, inmates in a women's prison, playmate centerfolds, nurses, massage parlour workers, exotic dancers, figure skaters, beauty contestants, stewardesses, cheerleaders and of course call girls. As Max Allan Collins quipped in The Best of Crime & Detective TV , they did "more damage to the cause of feminism than the Susan B. Anthony dollar." I mean, sheesh, even Barbie was a better role model. And less plastic. It didn't take long for even the show's own stars to deride its blatant sexism. As Farrah Fawcett-Majors noted at the time, "When the show was number three, I figured it was our acting. When it got to be number one, I decide it could only be because none of us wears a bra." Well, duh... Originally, JILL MUNROE (played by Fawcett-Majors) was the athletic one, KELLY GARRETT (Jaclyn Smith) was the tough one (a former showgirl who had been around) and by default, SABRINA DUNCAN (Kate Jackson) was the "smart one." But Farrah's sudden emergence as some sort of sex symbol went right to her blow-dried head, and she left the show after one season, to be replaced by Cheryl Ladd in the role of her younger, feisty sister, Kris. Soon, introducing a new Angels got to be an almost-annual event. The off-screen hunt for new Angels, in fact, proved to be more entertaining and certainly more interesting than the show itself. Charlie was never seen, preferring to deliver his instructions through a speaker phone (his voice was actually that of actor John Forsythe), and through his go-between, the bumbling Bosley (David Doyle), who served as office manager and purported comic relief. Only in the final episode, when Kelly is lying in a hospital bed, recovering from a shot in the head (by an embezzler, not a TV critic, as originally suspected), do we finally get a sneak peek at the elusive Charlie. At the episode's conclusion, he dissolves the agency. A grateful nation heaved a huge sigh of relief... And we've come so far. In 2000, Cameron Diaz, Drew Barrymore and Lucy Liu starred in a big bucks remake. Sheeesh! Some cheese should just be left in an airtight container. Though, actually, the film is actually not bad. Okay, it's not great art, not by a long shot, but on its own terms, it works. Or, at least it's better than the original. Then again, how couldn't it be? Once again the "girls" battle bad guys, while Bill Murray earns a few smiles as Bosley and the action scenes are choreographed well. It was directed by hotshot music video director "McG" (Joseph McGinty Nichol when he wasn't quite so cool). Imagine the Spice Girls, but with Kung Fu. It even coughed up a 2003 sequel (Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle), although


"""Silverback"" is the name given to a dominant male what?"

Gorilla Gorilla Diet: Plants (leaves, buds, stalks, berries, bark, ferns) Order: Primates: Primates  Size: body: Male height: 1.7 - 1.8 m (5 1/2 - 6 ft), Female height: 1.4 - 1.5 m (4 1/2 - 5 ft), tail: absent Family: Hominidae Habitat: rainforest up to 3,000 m (10,000 ft) Range: Africa: Southeastern Nigeria to Western Zaire; Eastern Zaire into adjacent countries The largest and most robust of the primates, the gorilla is also a gentle, intelligent and sociable animal which lives a peaceful, quiet existence if undisturbed. Its body, covered with coarse black hair, is massive, with a short, broad trunk and wide chest and shoulders. The head is large, with a short muzzle, and the eyes and ears small; old males have high crowns.  The muscular arms are longer than the short, thick legs, and the broad hands are equipped with short fingers and thumbs. Males are bigger and heavier than females, and those over 10 years old have silvery-gray hair on their backs -- hence the name silverback, given to old males. There are two races: the lowland and the mountain gorilla, also referred to as the western and eastern races, respectively. On the ground, gorillas normally move in a stooped posture, with the knuckles of the hands resting on the ground, but they do stand erect on occasion. Females and juveniles climb trees, but males rarely do so because of their great bulk.  Gorillas live in a close-knit group of a dominant male, 1 or 2 other males, several females and young; some groups may contain only the dominant male, 2 or 3 females and young. The group wanders in a home range of 10 to 40 sq km (4 to 15 1/2 sq mi), which is not defended or marked at the boundaries. There may be some conflict with neighboring groups, but encounters are generally avoided by communications such as drumming on the ground from a distance.  Old males will threaten rivals by standing erect and beating the chest while roaring and barking and sometimes by tearing up and throwing plants. When the leader of a troop dies, younger males contest for dominance. Gorillas are active in the daytime. The troop rises between 6 A.M. and 8 A.M., feeds for a while on plant material, such as leaves, buds, stalks, berries, bark and ferns, and then has a period of rest and relaxation. Gorillas do not appear to drink but get the water they need from their juicy diet. They feed again in the afternoon and then retire for the night in nests made of twigs and leaves. Young gorillas under 3 years old sleep with their mothers, but all others have their own nests. Breeding appears to take place at any time of year. The female gives birth to a single young after a gestation of more than 9 months. The young is completely dependent and clings to its mother's fur at first, but it is able to sit up at 3 months and to walk and climb at 5 months. It suckles for 12 to 18 months and remains with its mother for about 3 years.


When British navigator James Cook arrived at what are now called Cook Islands what did he name them?

History of the Cook Islands  What is in our past Self-rule and democracy Pre-European COOK Islanders are true Polynesians, the finest seafarers of the vast Pacific, voyagers on frail canoes who felt at home on the ocean and who travelled across its huge wastes in search of new lands and new beginnings.The journeys undertaken by these stone age people in their fragile craft dwarf the voyages of exploration boasted of by the Portuguese, Spanish, British, Dutch, and French. Over-population on many of the tiny islands of Polynesia led to these oceanic migrations.     Tradition has it that this was the reason for the expedition of Ru, from Tupua'i in French Polynesia, who landed on Aitutaki and Tangiia, also from French Polynesia, who are believed to have arrived on Rarotonga around 800 AD. Some evidence for this is that the old road of Toi, the Ara metua which runs round most of Rarotonga, is believed to be at least 1200 years old. Similarly, the northern islands were probably settled by expeditions from Samoa and Tonga. As was common with most patterns of Polynesian migration, expanding population and pressure on resources resulted in the ocean-going canoes being stocked with food and the most venturesome souls being encouraged to set off to look for more living space. This pattern continues today across most Pacific islands except that entry restrictions to other lands are nowadays much more stringent.     Cook Islanders are convinced that the great Maori migrations to New Zealand began from Rarotonga possibly as early as the fifth century AD. The most favored location for the starting point was Ngatangiia on the eastern side of Rarotonga where there is a gap in the fringing reef at the widest part of the island's lagoon. Early European contact THE written history of the Cooks began with the sighting of Pukapuka by the Spaniard Alvaro de Mendaña in 1595 followed by a landing on Rakahanga in 1606 by another Spanish explorer, Pedro Quiros. The British arrived off Pukapuka in 1764 and named it Danger Island because they could not land. This was a very active time in Pacific exploration with the British and French seeking greater prestige as maritime powers.    Between 1773 and 1779 Captain James Cook sighted and landed on many of the southern group but never came within eyeshot of Rarotonga . The infamous Captain William Bligh of the Bounty landed on Aitutaki in 1789  he is credited with importing paw paw trees to the Cooks  and in April of that year the mutineers of the Bounty appeared off Rarotonga but, contrary to popular belief, probably did not land. Cook named the islands the Hervey Islands. In fact, he gave this name to the first island he discovered  Manuae. The name "Cook Islands" was given to the group by the Russians in honor of the great English navigator when it appeared for the first time on a Russian naval chart in the early 1800s.     The first official European sighting of Rarotonga was from the Endeavour in September/October 1813. The first known landing was by the crew of the Cumberland in 1814. This was a commercial expedition from Australia and New Zealand and its objective was to find sandalwood. There was none on Rarotonga. Instead, trouble broke out between the sailors and the islanders and many were killed on both sides including the captain's girlfriend, Ann Butchers. She was eaten and her bones are buried in Muri, close to the site of the sailing club. She has the distinction of being the only white woman ever to have been killed and eaten by Pacific islanders! Missionaries THE bluestockings and Rechabites were next to arrive  the missionaries. John Williams of the London Missionary Society landed on Aitutaki in 1821.  Williams used Tahitian converts to carry his message to the Cook Islanders and they took to this task with great enthusiasm and were extremely successful. Williams was later killed and eaten on Erromango in the New Hebrides, now known as Vanuatu, but by then his work had been followed up and the gospels were well and truly embedded in the people's psyche.


Who was made an honorary citizen of Haslach, Austria, in 1938, an honour withdrawn in 2004?

David Irving's index to items on Adolf Hitler "Found in northern Austria earlier this year": Hitler's watercolors snapped up by emerging market buyers - Auctioneer Richard Westwood-Brookes, who has sold fakes before, calls him a second-rate painter. Hope the banknotes weren't fake too, Richard | Previously: Caveat emptor. Daily Telegraph hypes its regular scam: Rare Hitler paintings could fetch £150,000 | Daily Mail: Watercolours to go under the hammer | London Daily Telegraph: Adolf Hitler nude sketch for sale - Two sketches by Adolf Hitler of a young nude woman up for auction. Warning: the same expert Westwood-Brookes last year sold to a British sucker a £10,000 "self-portrait of Hitler" sitting on a bridge - it turned out to be in Devon, England! : but Hitler never visited Englland, and never painted the human form | the same expert's other dubious "Hitler" sales coups: a Hitler-signed Mein Kampf | a painting - will the Telegraph never learn? | Adolf Hitler painting up for auction - Another coup by "historical documents expert" Richard Westwood-Brookes ( remember he authenticated and sold that self portrait of Hitler sitting on a Dartmoor, UK, bridge?) | Signed copy of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf for sale -but wait! It is being sold by "Historical documents expert" Richard Westwood- Brookes from auctioneers Mullock's, who authenticated the fake "self-portrait" of Hitler a few months ago David Irving: Interview with Prof Dr Dr Ernst-Günther Schenck at Klagenfurt, Austria, May 11-12, 1982 Hitler's Table Talk online . The original Weidenfeld English translation by Norman Cameron and R.H. Stevens, introduced and with a new Preface by H.R. Trevor-Roper - the accurate contemporary record of Hitler's remarks during lunch and dinner at his headquarters, 1941-1944, as taken down by Bormann's adjutant Heinrich Heim David Irving spoke to his friends in London's West End on Jan 8. Topic: "Personal Saga of a Hitler Biographer: Blundering Across a Toxic Swamp Sown with Deadly Mines" Adolf Hitler and no end: Australian school apologises for awarding child dressed as Hitler costume prize - Toddler threatened to invade Poland? Another ASSHOL - The Western Times (Sharon Springs, Kansas) Aged 3, she was thrown into Dachau for twelve years, tattoo'd with Star of David and number 4 -- "I was the fourth person in the camp") which a nice doctor removed after the war. Oh, and she watched while Adolf Hitler "killed a little boy next to me" (pdf file) World Safe again - Hitler to be removed from Donald Duck cartoon LIFE releases more color photos by Hugo Jäger: Adolf Hitler "at his 1941 Christmas party" [ignore their date: On Dec 18, 1941 Hitler was at the Wolf's Lair, East Prussia, not in Munich, and Hitler never wore the brown uniform after Sept 1, 1939. Our house expert adds: Robert Ley and Gauleiter Wagner are wearing pre-1939 collar tabs and armbands. It was probably just a Party function. The officers are all in SA uniform, not army or SS] | World safe again US Police take Adolf Hitler Campbell, 3, and sisters from parents - Next time try Barack-Hussein-Obama Campbell | ShopRite in New Jersey refuses to bake birthday cake named for Adolf Hitler Campbell, age three. We're missing the Christmas spirit here | Walmart then steps in | Adolf Hitler dad says swastikas out, holocaust happened, names stay s Profile in The Independent (London): David Irving: 'I'm Hitler's biographer' : His take on Nazi Germany has made enemies [viel Feind' viel Ehr'] | Hindu Times | Johann Hari's article gets under a lot of skins - traditional enemies hint that Mr Irving invented the famous quote from Hitler's doctor's diary: Anonymous | Daniel Finkelstein of The Times | Wartime document from the Irving archives: A Doctor's diary quotes Hitler's views on Führer-Biographers, Sept 1944: "only a young Englishman..." Israeli expert considers Hitler a Military Genius | Hitler's 'suicidal urge' prolonged war by three years, German historians say - These craven conformists would say that, wouldn't they: But his heroic armies also kept Stalin's hordes away from western Euro


What are shallots? Question: What are shallots? Is the shallot an onion? Shallots are often confused with scallions Answer: The shallot looks rather like a small, elongated onion with copper, reddish, or gray skin. Once you peel it, it divides into cloves like garlic , rather than one bulb with concentric layers like an onion. This can be confusing in some recipes as it is hard to determine whether the entire shallot bulb is needed or if the number count refers to the amount of shallot cloves. Once peeled, small shallot bulbs will have 2 to 3 individual cloves and large shallots can have up to 6 cloves. In general, if the recipe calls for 1 shallot, use all the cloves within that single shallot bulb. Do not confuse shallots with green onions or scallions as they are called in some areas, particularly in Louisiana. Early French settlers most likely had to substitute green onions for shallots, hence the confusion. More About Shallots and Shallot Recipes:


Who was the London-based Australian music impresario who managed John Leyton, Cream, Peter Frampton and The Bee Gees?

Bee Gees manager and Grease producer Robert Stigwood dies - BBC News BBC News Bee Gees manager and Grease producer Robert Stigwood dies By Mark Savage Music reporter 5 January 2016 Close share panel Image copyright Rex Features Image caption Robert Stigwood joined the Bee Gees on stage as they accepted the lifetime achievement prize at the 1997 Brit Awards Robert Stigwood, who managed Cream and the Bee Gees before producing the rock musicals Saturday Night Fever and Grease has died at the age of 81. The Australian impresario's death was confirmed on Facebook by Spencer Gibb , son of Bee Gees star Robin Gibb. A cause of death was not immediately available. Andrew Lloyd Webber was among those paying tribute, describing Stigwood as a "great showman" who "taught me much". Spencer Gibb called him "a creative genius with a very quick and dry wit" adding that "Robert was the driving force behind The Bee Gees career". Media captionLloyd-Webber: Stigwood was 'last of the great, great showmen' Stigwood started out as an advertising agency copywriter in his native Australia before moving to the UK at the age of 21 There, he made his name representing English singer John Leyton, securing him a role on the TV show Harpers West One. The deal allowed Leyton to perform a song - Johnny Remember Me - which spent four weeks at number one in 1961. By 1966, after a period of bankruptcy, he became a booking agent for The Who, luring them onto his own Reaction Records label, where they recorded the hit single Substitute. He went on to manage Cream and Eric Clapton, before signing the Bee Gees in 1967 and steering them to international success with an intensive promotional campaign for the single New York Mining Disaster 1941. Image copyright Rex Features Image caption The manager shared the spoils of success with The Bee Gees in the 1960s and 70s By the early 1970s, though, the Bee Gees had fallen out of favour, and Clapton was inactive due to drug addiction. Stigwood turned his attention to musicals, producing the movie version of Jesus Christ Superstar and The Who's rock opera Tommy. Having bought the management rights to Evita and Jesus Christ Superstar, Stigwood was instrumental in cracking down on unlicensed performances of the musicals in the US - including school productions - to ensure profits went into pockets of its creators. He also formed RSO Records (short for Robert Stigwood Organization), where he resuscitated the careers of his two biggest acts - sending Clapton to the top of the charts with I Shot The Sheriff, and rebranding the Bee Gees as falsetto-voiced disco lynchpins on Jive Talking. The Australian's midas touch continued in the late 1970s, when he produced Saturday Night Fever, making a global star of television actor John Travolta and selling 40 million copies of the Bee Gees-powered soundtrack. Stigwood followed it with the evergreen teen musical Grease, and was particularly proud of casting fellow Australian Olivia Newton John in the role of Sandy. Image copyright Press Association Image caption The Duchess of York and Robert Stigwood at the premiere of Evita in 1996 But he faltered with the 1978 Beatles musical Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band - a fantastical but unfocused movie starring The Bee Gees, Peter Frampton and comedian Frankie Howerd. "If you like the Beatles and you like movies, do yourself a favour and stay away," wrote influential US film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum. Audiences took note, and the film flopped at the box office, although the soundtrack sold well. Stigwood went on to produce the similarly-disappointing sequels Grease 2 and Staying Alive - but found success later in life with the Madonna-starring musical Evita, which won the 1997 Golden Globe for best film. The movie's lyricist, Sir Tim Rice, paid tribute to Stigwood on Twitter , calling him "extraordinary, innovative [and] generous". "[He was] a vital part of my life," he added.