What does BRAC stand for? We've got 24 definitions for BRAC » What does BRAC stand for? What does BRAC mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: BRAC. Filter by: What does BRAC mean? Brač Brač is an island in the Adriatic Sea within Croatia, with an area of 396 square kilometres, making it the largest island in Dalmatia, and the third largest in the Adriatic. It is separated from the mainland by the Brač Channel, which is 5 to 13 km wide. The island's tallest peak, Vidova gora, or Mount St. Vid, stands at 778 m, making it the highest island point in the Adriatic. The island has a population of 14,436, living in numerous settlements, ranging from the main town Supetar, with more than 3,300 inhabitants, to Murvica, where less than two dozen people live. Bol Airport on Brač is the largest airport of all islands surrounding Split. Couldn't find the full form or full meaning of BRAC? Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: Discuss these BRAC abbreviations with the community: Know what is BRAC ? Got another good explanation for BRAC ? Don't keep it to yourself! Add it HERE! Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web! Search the web


What is the longest river in Portugal, and the fifth longest in Europe?

Top Ten Longest Rivers in Europe List: Top Ten Longest Rivers in Europe Date: 2007 Source: Various Sources Base: All rivers in Europe (including Russian rivers west of the Ural mountains). Notes: The Volga River is the longest river system in Europe. It rises in the hills northwest of Moscow and then flows 2,300 miles (3,700 km) to the southeast before emptying into the Caspian Sea. It has more than 200 tributaries, including the Kama, Samara and Oka, occupying a watershed covering about 560,000 sq. mi. (1,450,000 sq. km), which is almost 41% of the European landmass. The Danube is the second longest river and is perhaps the most significant commercial waterway on the continent. It begins in the Black Forest region of Germany, flows across central Europe and the countries of Austria, Hungary, Croatia and Yugoslavia, forms the border between Romania and Bulgaria, before turning north across Romania to eventually flow into in the Black Sea. Important European long rivers that did not make the top ten include: The Loire and the Tagus, draining into the Atlantic Ocean, the Rhone, draining into the Mediterranean Sea and the Po, draining into the Adriatic Sea. Rank


Which French phrase described an innovative movement in the cinema?

Movie History - Filmbug   Movie History Movies developed gradually from a carnival novelty to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment, and mass media in the 20th century. Motion picture films have had a substantial impact on the arts, technology, and politics. The Birth of Film William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, chief engineer with the Edison Laboratories, is credited with the invention of a practicable form of celluloid strip containing a sequence of images, the basis of a method of photographing and projecting moving images. Celluloid blocks were thinly sliced, the slice marks were then removed with heated pressure plates. After this, the celluloid strips were coated with a photosensitive gelatin emulsion. In 1893 at the Chicago World Fair Thomas Edison introduced to the public two pioneering inventions based on this innovation: the Kinetograph, the first practical moving picture camera, and the Kinetoscope. The latter was a cabinet in which a continuous loop of Dickson's celluloid film (powered by an electric motor) was backlit by an incandescent lamp and seen through a magnifying lens. The spectator neared an eye piece. Kinetoscope parlours were supplied with fifty-foot film snippets photographed by Dickson, in Edison's "Black Maria" studio. These sequences recorded mundane events (such as Fred Ott's Sneeze, 1894) as well as entertainment acts like acrobats, music hall performers and boxing demonstrations. Kinetoscope parlors soon spread successfully to Europe. Edison, however, never attempted to patent these instruments on the other side of the Atlantic, since they relied so greatly on previous experiments and innovations from Britain and Europe. This enabled the development of imitations, such as the camera devised by British electrician and scientific instrument maker Robert William Paul and his partner Birt Acres. Paul had the idea of displaying moving pictures for group audiences, rather than just to individual viewers, and invented a film projector, giving his first public showing in 1895. At about the same time, in France, Auguste and Louis Lumiï¿½re invented the cinematograph, a portable, three-in-one device: camera, printer, and projector. In late 1895 in Paris, father Antoine Lumiï¿½re began exhibitions of projected films before the paying public, beginning the general conversion of the medium to projection (Cook, 1990). They quickly became Europe's main producers with their actualitï¿½s like Workers Leaving the Lumiï¿½re Factory and comic vignettes like The Sprinkler Sprinkled (both 1895). Even Edison, initially dismissive of projection, joined the trend with the Vitascope within less than six months. The first public motion-picture film presentation in Europe, though, belongs to Max and Emil Skladanowsky of Berlin, who projected with their apparatus "Bioscop", a flickerfree duplex construction, November 1 through 31, 1895. Still older, May, 1895, was Lauste in the U. S. A. with an Eidoloscope which he devised for the Latham family. The first public screening of film ever is due to Jean Aimï¿½ "Acme" Le Roy, a French photographer. On February 5, 1894, his 40th birthday, he presented his "Marvellous Cinematograph" to a group of around twenty show business men in New York City. The movies of the time were seen mostly via temporary storefront spaces and traveling exhibitors or as acts in vaudeville programs. A film could be under a minute long and would usually present a single scene, authentic or staged, of everyday life, a public event, a sporting event or slapstick. There was little to no cinematic technique: no editing and usually no camera movement, and flat, stagey compositions. But the novelty of realistically moving photographs was enough for a motion picture industry to mushroom before the end of the century, in countries around the world. The Silent Era Inventors and producers had tried from the very beginnings of moving pictures to marry the image with synchronous sound, but no practical method was devised until the late 1920s. Thus, for the first thirty years of their histo


Which actress is ex-beauty queen Miss Orange County 1976?

Beauty Queens Turned Big-Time Stars! | Access Hollywood Beauty Queens Turned Big-Time Stars! 1 of 21 AP She’s an Oscar winner now, but Halle Berry vied for a very different prize as Miss Ohio in the 1986 Miss USA pageant, where she finished as runner-up 2 of 21 AP After Vanessa Williams was named Miss America in 1984, the actress made headlines with her nude photo controversy 3 of 21 AP Years before her breakout role in “Scarface,” Michelle Pfeiffer was chosen as Miss Orange County in 1978 4 of 21 Getty Images Before becoming a high-profile politician, Sarah Palin was crowned Miss Wasilla in 1984 and finished 3rd for Miss Alaska 5 of 21 AP Diane Sawyer, then 17, was crowned Kentucky’s Junior Miss after she defeated 18 other girls in the competition 6 of 21 AP Jeri Ryan makes the fanboys sweat as Seven of Nine on “Star Trek: Voyager”, but before that, she competed in the Miss America Pageant as Miss Illinois in 1990 7 of 21 Getty Images Before her iconic career in TV and movies, Cloris Leachman competed in the Miss America pageant as Miss Chicago in 1946 8 of 21 WireImage Oprah Winfrey, the queen of daytime TV, was also given the title of Miss Black Tennessee back in 1972 9 of 21 Getty Images Long before becoming a TV talker, Kathie Lee Gifford represented the state of Maryland in the 1970 Junior Miss pageant 10 of 21 Getty Images Nick Lachey nabbed himself a beauty queen! Vanessa Minillo was the first Miss South Carolina Teen who also went on to win Miss Teen USA in 1998 11 of 21 Getty Images Kelly Hu, who received her big actress break in “Growing Pains,” won Miss Teen USA in 1985 and later won Miss Hawaii USA in 1993 12 of 21 AP Delta Burke, then 17, was named 1974 Miss Florida and later represented her state in the annual Miss America beauty show 13 of 21 Getty Images Before becoming an Oscar nominated Actress, Sharon Stone competed in Miss Crawford County and later in the Miss Pennsylvania pageant in 1976 14 of 21 Before becoming a reality TV star, Shanna Moakler was awarded Miss USA in 1995 15 of 21 Getty Images Former “Saved by the Bell” and “Beverly Hills, 90210” beauty Tiffani Thiessen competed for Miss Junior America back in 1987 16 of 21 Access Hollywood “Wheel of Fortune” model Vanna White was awarded fourth runner-up in the Miss Georgia Universe competition in 1978 17 of 21 The “Warrior Princess,” Lucy Lawless, was named Miss New Zealand in 1989 18 of 21 AP Raquel Welch, who many refer to as a ‘60s sex symbol, was the winner of the La Jolla Beauty Competition in 1955 19 of 21 Getty Images One-time “Saved By The Bell” actress and “Billy Madison” beauty Bridgette Wilson-Sampras was crowned Miss Teen USA in 1990 20 of 21 Getty Images Ali Landry found great success in beauty pageants when she won Miss USA in 1996 and went on to compete in Miss Universe 21 of 21 FilmMagic / Getty Images Before becoming a breakout star on “One Tree Hill,” actress Sophia Bush was the Rose Queen in 2000


Which actor became playwright Arthur Miller's son-in-law in 1997?

Renowned Playwright Arthur Miller, Author of Death of a Salesman, Is Dead at 89 | Playbill Renowned Playwright Arthur Miller, Author of Death of a Salesman, Is Dead at 89 By Kenneth Jones , Robert Simonson , Ernio Hernandez Feb 11, 2005 Arthur Miller, the author of the landmark drama Death of Salesman and widely regarded as America's greatest living playwright, has died. He was 89. Arthur Miller at the July 29, 2004 opening night of After the Fall Photo by Aubrey Reuben Mr. Miller was battling cancer, pneumonia and a heart condition, according to the New York Post, which first reported the writer's illness on Feb. 11. He had been receiving hospice care at sister Joan Copeland's New York apartment but, earlier this week, asked to be taken by ambulance to his longtime home in Roxbury, Connecticut. He died Thursday night. Mr. Miller, a gruff, robust presence at the many recent New York revivals of his dramas, has been a mainstay in the American theatre since the late forties, when Broadway productions of All My Sons and Salesman made his reputation as a serious-minded playwright. His other works include The Crucible, A View From the Bridge, After the Fall, Incident at Vichy, The Price and The American Clock. After a period in the 1970s and 1980s when Mr. Miller fell out of favor with the critics, his star rose again in the late nineties with acclaimed revivals of A View From the Bridge, Death of a Salesman, The Price and The Crucible—all four were nominated for Tony Awards, with the first two winning—as well as the Broadway debut of a new play, The Ride Down Mt. Morgan and the reclamation of his first, obscure work, The Man Who Had All the Luck, which was acclaimed in a 2002 revival at the Roundabout Theatre Company . Mr. Miller's last known original work, Finishing the Picture, had its world premiere in fall 2004 at The Goodman Theatre. Robert Falls , who helmed Death of a Salesman recently at the Goodman and on Broadway, directed. The starry cast featured Harris Yulin, Frances Fisher, Stacy Keach, Stephen Lang, Linda Lavin , Matthew Modine, Scott Glenn and Heather Prete. The script was inspired by the story of former wife Marilyn Monroe's last movie, 1961's "The Misfits," which was directed by John Huston, and for which Mr. Miller penned the screenplay. During filming, Monroe was struggling with depression, unwieldy moods and substance abuse. The Goodman described the play this way: "A distinguished director is about to lose his picture due to the unstable behavior of a famously fragile movie star. She's recognized all over the world, loved by millions, but unable to believe in herself. The studio owners are threatening to pull the plug, and a temperamental acting teacher is flown in to coax the actress out of bed and onto the set." Upon learning of Mr. Miller's death, director Robert Falls, told Playbill.com: "He had such joy and drive and pleasure in his work, and an engagement in the world. It never felt like working with a legend, it felt like working with a colleague. A greater fortune for me was not working on Death of a Salesman, but working on his last play Finishing the Picture. He treated them exactly the same. They were two plays where he couldn't wait to hear the laughter and applause of the audience. I feel a bit like I've lost my compass [with his passing]. His sense of the world and sense of what is right with the world was great." He continued, "He is to me one of the giants. He, along with Williams and O'Neill, created the serious American play in America. They were fortunate enough to do it at a time when the culture appreciated them on Broadway." Of Mr. Miller's influence, Falls said, "I think of as children of Miller — Tony Kushner , David Mamet and August Wilson . I take those three names off the top of my head as playwrights who stand on the shoulders of Arthur Miller ." Falls continued, "I think for us in the theatre, it's not just Arthur Miller's art. It's the way Arthur Miller lived his life in the world. He defines liberal in the absolute best sense of that word. This is a man who saw the Depress


Which actress perished in the shower in the remake of Psycho?

Psycho (1998) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A young female embezzler arrives at the Bates Motel, which has terrible secrets of its own. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 32 titles created 06 Feb 2011 a list of 33 titles created 31 Jan 2013 a list of 23 images created 24 Jan 2014 a list of 49 titles created 08 Jul 2014 a list of 31 titles created 10 Aug 2014 Search for " Psycho " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 3 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards  » Videos After twenty-two years of psychiatric care, Norman Bates attempts to return to a life of solitude, but the specters of his crimes - and his mother - continue to haunt him. Director: Richard Franklin Norman Bates recalls his days as a young boy living with his schizophrenic mother while fearing his unborn child will inherit his split personality disorder. Director: Mick Garris Norman Bates falls in love with a nun - which makes his "mother" jealous - who has visited the Bates Motel alongside a drifter and a curious reporter. Director: Anthony Perkins A Phoenix secretary embezzles $40,000 from her employer's client, goes on the run, and checks into a remote motel run by a young man under the domination of his mother. Director: Alfred Hitchcock Edit Storyline Marion Crane steals a lot of cash from a man whom her boss is in business with. On the way to see her boyfriend, she stops off by an old motel, run by the odd Norman Bates. She is murdered in the shower. Her sister, boyfriend, and a private investigator try to find out where she is, while we learn more about Norman Bates. Written by Jordan Sharp <rainman88@earthlink.net> The Classic Story of a Boy and His Mother See more  » Genres: Rated R for violence and sexuality/nudity | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 4 December 1998 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: $10,031,850        (USA) (4 December 1998) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia In addition to their obvious unsuitability for the roles, the casting of Vince Vaughn and Anne Heche as Norman Bates and Marion Crane was distastefully inappropriate because Vaughn and Heche had just played lovers in Return to Paradise (1998). See more » Goofs Some continuity errors were deliberately included, being copied from the original Psycho . See more » Quotes [first lines] Samuel 'Sam' Loomis : You never did eat your lunch, did you? Marion Crane : I better get back to the office. These extended lunch hours give my boss excess acid. Samuel 'Sam' Loomis : Why don't you call your boss and tell him you're taking the rest of the afternoon off? Its Friday, anyway - and hot. Marion Crane : What do I do with my free afternoon? Walk you to the airport? The logo for Imagine[inc.] drips in blood instead of water See more » Connections Referenced in Identity  (2003) See more » Soundtracks Quite Possibly the Worst Film Ever 11 March 2003 | by truthbealiar – See all my reviews I know that the original Psycho was a classic and remaking it was a mistake, ESPECIALLY a shot-by-shot remake. I think that that has been more or less proven by the rest of the comments here. But there's far more wrong with this movie than just that. The first problem is the color. The original film was shot in black and white but, what few people realize is, the original was shot AFTER color film had been invented. The choice of black and white film was partially a budget concern, but it was also a stylistic choice of Hitchcock's. Now, this is not to say that t


Cybernetics | Article about cybernetics by The Free Dictionary Cybernetics | Article about cybernetics by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/cybernetics Related to cybernetics: cyborg , Systems theory cybernetics [Gr.,=steersman], term coined by American mathematician Norbert Wiener Wiener, Norbert, 1894–1964, American mathematician, educator, and founder of the field of cybernetics, b. Columbia, Mo., grad. Tufts College, 1909, Ph.D. Harvard, 1913. ..... Click the link for more information.  to refer to the general analysis of control systems control systems, combinations of components (electrical, mechanical, thermal, or hydraulic) that act together to maintain actual system performance close to a desired set of performance specifications. Open-loop control systems (e.g. ..... Click the link for more information.  and communication communication, transfer of information, such as thoughts and messages, as contrasted with transportation, the transfer of goods and persons (see information theory). The basic forms of communication are by signs (sight) and by sounds (hearing; see language). ..... Click the link for more information.  systems in living organisms and machines. In cybernetics, analogies are drawn between the functioning of the brain and nervous system and the computer computer, device capable of performing a series of arithmetic or logical operations. A computer is distinguished from a calculating machine, such as an electronic calculator, by being able to store a computer program (so that it can repeat its operations and make logical ..... Click the link for more information.  and other electronic systems. The science overlaps the fields of neurophysiology, information theory information theory or communication theory, mathematical theory formulated principally by the American scientist Claude E. Shannon to explain aspects and problems of information and communication. ..... Click the link for more information. , computing machinery, and automation automation, automatic operation and control of machinery or processes by devices, such as robots that can make and execute decisions without human intervention. The principal feature of such devices is their use of self-correcting control systems that employ feedback, i.e. ..... Click the link for more information. . See servomechanism servomechanism, automatic device for the control of a large power output by means of a small power input or for maintaining correct operating conditions in a mechanism. It is a type of feedback control system. ..... Click the link for more information. . Bibliography See N. Wiener, Cybernetics (rev. ed. 1961) and The Human Use of Human Beings (1967); F. H. Fuchs, The Brain as a Computer (1973). cybernetics ‘the science of control and communication in the animal and the machine’. As coined by Nobert Weiner in the 1940s (see Weiner, 1949), and stimulated by the advent of modern computing, the term was intended to draw attention to common processes at work in systems of Cybernetics   the science of control, communications, and data processing. Subject. The principal objects of cybernetic research are “cybernetic systems.” In general or theoretical cybernetics such systems are considered in the abstract, without reference to their real physical nature. The high level of abstraction enables cybernetics to find general methods for approaching the study of qualitatively different systems—for example, technological, biological, and even social systems. The abstract cybernetic system is a set of interrelated objects, called the elements of the system, that are capable of receiving, storing, and processing data, as well as exchanging them. Examples of cybernetic systems are various kinds of automatic control devices in engineering (for example, an automatic pilot or a controller that maintains a constant temperature in a room), electronic computers, the human brain, biological populations, and human society. The elements of an abstract cybernetic system are objects of any nature whose state can be fully described by


Who played Tarzan in the first two Tarzan films?

Tarzan the Ape Man (1932) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Tarzan the Ape Man ( 1932 ) Passed | A trader and his daughter set off in search of the fabled graveyard of the elephants in deepest Africa, only to encounter a wild man raised by apes. Director: Edgar Rice Burroughs (based upon the characters created by), Cyril Hume (adaptation) | 1 more credit  » Stars: From $9.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 35 titles created 02 Jan 2014 a list of 21 titles created 27 Mar 2014 a list of 38 titles created 11 Oct 2014 a list of 47 titles created 05 Mar 2015 a list of 35 images created 18 Jun 2015 Title: Tarzan the Ape Man (1932) 7.2/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards  » Photos Directors: Cedric Gibbons, Jack Conway, and 1 more credit  » Stars: Johnny Weissmuller, Maureen O'Sullivan, Neil Hamilton Directors: Richard Thorpe, John Farrow, and 3 more credits  » Stars: Johnny Weissmuller, Maureen O'Sullivan, John Buckler Tarzan and Jane go to New York to rescue Boy after he is kidnapped into a circus. Director: Richard Thorpe Tarzan's jungle home, and his family, Jane and Boy, are threatened by men greedy for gold. Director: Richard Thorpe Zandra, white princess of a lost civilization, comes to Tarzan for help when Nazis invade the jungle with plans to conquer her people and take their wealth. Tarzan, the isolationist, ... See full summary  » Director: Wilhelm Thiele A letter from Jane, who is nursing British troops, asks Tarzan's help in obtaining a malaria serum extractable from jungle plants. Tarzan and Boy set out across the desert looking for the ... See full summary  » Director: Wilhelm Thiele A group of archaeologists asks Tarzan to help them find an ancient city in a hidden valley of women. He refuses, but Boy is tricked into doing the job. The queen of the women asks Tarzan to help them. Director: Kurt Neumann An African tribe devoted to the leopard cult is dedicated to preventing civilization from moving further into Africa. Tarzan fights them when the cult first attacks a caravan and next ... See full summary  » Director: Kurt Neumann Boy is away at school in England. The high priest is trying to force a young girl to marry an evil pearl trader posing as the god Balu. She escapes, is recaptured and is finally rescued by ... See full summary  » Director: Robert Florey A shortage of zoo animals after World War II brings beautiful animal trainer Tanya, her financial backer and her cruel trail boss to the jungle. After negotiating a quota with the native ... See full summary  » Director: Kurt Neumann A shipping disaster in the 19th Century has stranded a man and woman in the wilds of Africa. The lady is pregnant, and gives birth to a son in their tree house. The mother dies soon after. ... See full summary  » Director: Hugh Hudson Tarzan (Lord Greystoke), already well educated and fed up with civilization, returns to the jungle and, more-or-less assisted by chimpanzee Cheetah and orphan boy Jai, wages war against poachers and other bad guys. Stars: Ron Ely, Manuel Padilla Jr., Rockne Tarkington Edit Storyline James Parker and Harry Holt are on an expedition in Africa in search of the elephant burial grounds that will provide enough ivory to make them rich. Parker's beautiful young daughter Jane arrives unexpectedly to join them. Harry is obviously attracted to Jane and he does his best to help protect her from all the dangers that they experience in the jungle. Jane is terrified when Tarzan and his ape friends first abduct her, but when she returns to her father's expedition she has second thoughts about leaving Tarzan. After the expedition is captured by a tribe of violent dwarfs, Jane sends Cheetah to bring Tarzan to rescue them... Written by Gary Jackson <garyjack5@cogeco.ca> MOR


Which film director was Anthony Quinn's father-in-law?

Anthony Quinn - Biography - IMDb Anthony Quinn Biography Showing all 64 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (2) | Spouse  (3) | Trade Mark  (1) | Trivia  (33) | Personal Quotes  (20) Overview (5) 3 June 2001 ,  Boston, Massachusetts, USA  (pneumonia and respiratory failure due to complications from throat cancer) Birth Name 6' 2" (1.88 m) Mini Bio (2) Anthony Quinn was born Antonio Rudolfo Oaxaca Quinn on April 21, 1915, in Chihuahua, Mexico, to Manuela (Oaxaca) and Francisco Quinn, who became an assistant cameraman at a Los Angeles (CA) film studio. His paternal grandfather was Irish, and the rest of his family was Mexican. After starting life in extremely modest circumstances in Mexico, his family moved to Los Angeles, where he grew up in the Boyle Heights and Echo Park neighborhoods. He attended Polytechnic High School and later Belmont High, but eventually dropped out. The young Quinn boxed (which stood him in good stead as a stage actor, when he played Stanley Kowalski in "A Streetcar Named Desire" to rave reviews in Chicago), then later studied architecture under Frank Lloyd Wright at the great architect's studio, Taliesin, in Arizona. Quinn was close to Wright, who encouraged him when he decided to give acting a try. After a brief apprenticeship on stage, Quinn hit Hollywood in 1936 and picked up a variety of small roles in several films at Paramount, including an Indian warrior in The Plainsman (1936), which was directed by the man who later became his father-in-law, Cecil B. DeMille . As a contract player at Paramount, Quinn mainly played villains and ethnic types, such as an Arab chieftain in the Bing Crosby - Bob Hope vehicle Road to Morocco (1942). As a Mexican national (he did not become an American citizen until 1947), he was exempt from the draft. With many actors in the service fighting World War II, Quinn was able to move up into better supporting roles. He had married DeMille's daughter Katherine DeMille , which afforded him entrance to the top circles of Hollywood society. He became disenchanted with his career and did not renew his Paramount contract despite the advice of others, including his father-in-law (whom Quinn felt never accepted him due to his Mexican roots). Instead, he returned to the stage to hone his craft. His portrayal of Stanley Kowalski in "A Streetcar Named Desire" in Chicago and on Broadway (where he replaced the legendary Marlon Brando , who is forever associated with the role) made his reputation and boosted his film career when he returned to the movies. Brando and Elia Kazan , who directed "Streetcar" on Broadway and on film ( A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)), were crucial to Quinn's future success. Kazan, knowing the two were potential rivals due to their acclaimed portrayals of Kowalski, cast Quinn as Brando's brother in his biographical film of Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata , Viva Zapata! (1952). Quinn won the Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for 1952, making him the first Mexican-American to win an Oscar. It was not to be his lone appearance in the winner's circle: he won his second Supporting Actor Oscar in 1957 for his portrayal of Paul Gauguin in Vincente Minnelli 's biographical film of Vincent van Gogh , Lust for Life (1956), opposite Kirk Douglas . Over the next decade Quinn lived in Italy and became a major figure in world cinema, as many studios shot films in Italy to take advantage of the lower costs ("runaway production" had battered the industry since its beginnings in the New York / New Jersey area in the 1910s). He appeared in several Italian films, giving one of his greatest performances as the circus strongman who brutalizes the sweet soul played by Giulietta Masina in her husband Federico Fellini 's masterpiece La Strada (1954). Alternating between Europe and Hollywood, Quinn built his reputation and entered the front rank of character actors and character leads. He received his third Oscar nomination (and first for Best Actor) for George Cukor 's Wild Is the Wind (1957). He played a Greek resistance fighter against the Nazi occupation in the


"Who said, ""I squint because I can't take too much light?"""

Scott's Tip Of The Day: Top 10 People Who Squint Too Much I have accumulated a great deal of knowledge over the years and it would be a crime not to share it with you. Tuesday, August 25, 2009 Top 10 People Who Squint Too Much Scott's Tip Of The Day: If you need glasses, buy glasses. Then wear glasses. It's simple. You can buy contacts too. Just do something. I can't watch you squint anymore. It's getting on my nerves. What? Who am I directing this towards? TOP 10 PEOPLE WHO SQUINT TOO MUCH 9&10. Cheech & Chong Well, I think we all know why Cheech & Chong squint. They always seem to have a good time though. Chong already wears glasses and they don't seem to help, so I think this is one of those cases where you just let it slide. 8. Paul Reubens AKA Pee Wee Herman Paul. Where do I start? You're funny. But you're a scary motherfu**er. Sometimes I wonder if you're half mongoloid. Whatever the case. All you do is laugh and squint and make weird noises and pleasure yourself in adult cinemas. I think we need to get you some glasses. I think we also need to get you some heavy medication. There, there. We will get you better. 7. Fred Willard Are you squinting? Do you really look like that? I can't tell. You are already a funny guy, Fred. You don't need to squint to be funny. Stop that. And if you can't help it? Then I guess I am just an insensitive assh**e. 6. Clint Eastwood It must be bright in that desert, Clint, because all you do is squint. You shoot people, you squint, you shoot a few more people, you squint, and so on and so forth. Do yourself a favor man. Buy some sunglasses. Maybe you don't even need prescription lenses! 5. Nicole Kidman Nicole Kidman. What did you inject into your face? It's like the top of your forehead is running away from your eyes. You are beginning to look like a japanimation character. I don't think you need glasses, just stop it with the surgery already. 4. Joan Rivers Unlike Nicole, I think it's too late for Joan. If she stopped getting these plastic surgery tune ups, she would probably drip into a gelatinous blob on the floor. There is nothing we can do for you and your squinting Joan. Just try to keep those eyes open. You can do it, I know you can. 3. Renee Zellweger Hey Renee. Aren't you impressed I spelled your name correctly? It's tough, right? I don't know what's wrong with your face but I don't think glasses is going to fix it. Maybe some plastic surgery will fix it? Just don't go to Joan Rivers' plastic surgeon 2. Gilbert Gottfried Gilbert. You're a funny man. You're small too. You're a small funny man. But apparently you never learned to speak with "inside voices" in kindergarten. You also never bought yourself corrective eye lenses because I've never ever seen the white's of your eyes. Do yourself a favor. You can afford glasses. Buy them! 1.French Stewart Your name is "French!" Weird! Although the other people on this list squint too much, you never stop squinting. It's like a perpetual thing. Do you need glasses? Did you lodge something up your tuchus? Does it hurt? Get it removed! Posted by


Who wrote the screenplay for The Crying Game?

The Crying Game (1992) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A British soldier is kidnapped by IRA terrorists. He befriends one of his captors, who is drawn into the soldier's world. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 29 titles created 29 Mar 2011 a list of 25 titles created 25 Nov 2011 a list of 32 titles created 05 Nov 2012 a list of 25 titles created 18 Jan 2013 a list of 22 titles created 09 Dec 2013 Title: The Crying Game (1992) 7.3/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    20 wins & 36 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Edit Storyline An unlikely kind of friendship develops between Fergus, an Irish Republican Army volunteer, and Jody, a kidnapped British soldier lured into an IRA trap by Jude, another IRA member. When the hostage-taking ends up going horribly wrong, Fergus escapes and heads to London, where he seeks out Jody's lover, a hairdresser named Dil. Fergus adopts the name "Jimmy" and gets a job as a day laborer. He also starts seeing Dil, who knows nothing about Fergus' IRA background. But there are some things about Dil that Fergus doesn't know, either... Written by Eugene Kim <genekim@concentric.net> The movie everyone is talking about... But no one is giving away its secrets. See more  » Genres: Rated R for sexuality, strong violence and language | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 19 February 1993 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: The Soldier's Wife See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia Debut theatrical feature film of actor Jaye Davidson who got Oscar nominated for his performance upon debut. See more » Goofs During the scene shot at Balbriggan County, Dublin, a Northern Ireland Railways GM locomotive 113 passes in the background, with a passenger train. The sound dubbed in is a British Rail HST railcar set, which is quite different. The sound effect is also too short; most of the train passes silently. See more » Quotes Jody : [playing ring toss at a carnival] Right. [tosses a ring] Jody : And that. And that is cricket, hon. Jody : [wins a large teddy bear] Do you want it? Jude : Sure! Jody : [hands her the teddy bear] Doesn't matter if you don't. You know I won't be offended. Jody's never offended. What'd you say your name was? (Providence, RI, USA) – See all my reviews The first part of The Crying Game is based on a great short story by Frank O'Connor, "Guests of the Nation." The balance of this provocative, brilliantly made film takes you on a journey fueled by guilt, romance, terrorist intrigue, and a plot twist that ranks as one of the most startling in all cinema. The acting, by Forest Whitaker, Stephen Rea, Jaye Davidson, and others, is all first-rate; the cinematography and score are stellar; and Neil Jordan directs with vigor and empathy. How can anyone give this movie less than a 10? I can't. 40 of 59 people found this review helpful.  Was this review helpful to you? Yes


Who was the senior US diplomat held in the US Embassy in Tehran?

The Iran Hostage Crisis — Part I - Association for Diplomatic Studies and TrainingAssociation for Diplomatic Studies and Training Moments in U.S. Diplomatic History The Iran Hostage Crisis — Part I More Moments in U.S. Diplomatic History November 4, 1979 – Radical Iranian students take over the U.S. embassy in Tehran and hold 52 Americans hostage. The embassy had been seized in February of that year, shortly after the Ayatollah Khomeini returned from exile in Paris, but that was resolved quickly; few suspected that this diplomatic crisis would end up lasting 444 days and cost the lives of eight soldiers who died during the ill-fated Operation Eagle Claw rescue attempt on April 24, 1980. Bruce Laingen was Charge d’affaires of the embassy and was one of three people who spent most of that time held hostage at the Foreign Ministry. In this interview, conducted by Charles Stuart Kennedy starting in January 1993, he discusses the run-up to the takeover, his stay at the Ministry, the “Canadian caper,” which became the inspiration for the movie Argo, and the negotiations which led to their eventual release. His wife Penne’s experiences from Washington can be read here.  To see Part II, go here . To see a video interview, go to our sister site, usdiplomacy.org .  Read also John Limbert’s experience as a hostage in the U.S. embassy and Kathleen Stafford’s account as a “house guest” of the Canadians, the inspiration for the movie Argo.   Prelude to the Takeover LAINGEN:  Our big concern was a very large demonstration planned for support of the revolution on November 1, three days before the embassy was overrun. That demonstration was originally scheduled to take place around the walls of the embassy and in the immediate environs of where we were. At the last minute, indeed the night before on October 31, the word was sent around that the Ayatollah had directed that the revolutionary demonstration take place in another area further from the embassy. The next morning, the bulk of the demonstrators did go to that other destination, but somewhere between one and two thousand demonstrators nonetheless came to the embassy compound that morning and spent the day marching back and forth around the walls. We anticipated some of that, to the point where we had added security and the Marines were in sort of battle formation that morning. I recall, myself, going out to the gates of the embassy to look around that morning and at one point having the chief of police come rushing up in his jeep to take a look at the situation and assure me through the gates that things were under control, that I need not be concerned about any particular danger. They were noisy during the day. A lot of graffiti was put on the walls, on the outside. There were some tense moments late in the day, when some of the more determined demonstrations were determined to keep it up and put some banners on the outside of our main gates, denouncing us and putting up pictures of the Ayatollah. It caused us a rather difficult stretch late that evening, requiring our security officers, particularly Alan Golacinski, to spend some very tense moments out there. We were finally able to resolve it. Q: What type of thing are you talking about? LAINGEN: More than I knew at the time. We were demanding that the posters be taken down, that the Ayatollah’s picture be taken off the gates, and that sort of thing. At one point, apparently one of the security officers or one of the Marines may have ripped one of the posters down from the inside and taken it. That caused some of the demonstrators to demand that it be returned undamaged. Eventually we did turn it back, but not before there had been a good deal of very close physical exchanges between those on the outside and those on the inside of the gate. This was on the night of November 1, culminating a rather difficult day, during which we had advised the bulk of the Americans who lived on the compound and those who lived in apartment houses immediately to the back of the compound behind the rear gates to spend the day up in the British co


Who was the first freely elected Marxist president in Latin America?

Allende, death of a Marxist dream (Book, 1981) [WorldCat.org] Find more libraries Librarian? Claim your library to Allende, death of a Marxist dream Author: Westport, CT : Arlington House, ©1981. Edition/Format:  Print book : Biography : English View all editions and formats Database: WorldCat Summary: When Salvador Allende took power in Chile a decade ago, he was the world's first freely-elected Marxist president. Major newspapers sized it up as the most important event in Latin America since Fidel Castro, nearly a dozen years earlier, had swept down from the Sierra Maestra to seize power in Havana. Three years later Allende died in the rocket-blasted rubble of his presidential palace. He would rise from the dead to be transformed into what English writer David Holden would describe as the world's most potent cult figure since Che Guevara. - Jacket flap.  Read more... Rating: You are connected to the University of Washington Libraries network Hide local services for this item OCLC FirstSearch Add library to Favorites Please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours. Allow this favorite library to be seen by others Keep this favorite library private Find a copy in the library Finding libraries that hold this item... Details ix, 230 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm Responsibility: James R. Whelan. Abstract: When Salvador Allende took power in Chile a decade ago, he was the world's first freely-elected Marxist president. Major newspapers sized it up as the most important event in Latin America since Fidel Castro, nearly a dozen years earlier, had swept down from the Sierra Maestra to seize power in Havana. Three years later Allende died in the rocket-blasted rubble of his presidential palace. He would rise from the dead to be transformed into what English writer David Holden would describe as the world's most potent cult figure since Che Guevara. - Jacket flap. Reviews Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Be the first. Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Be the first. Tags


Who was the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature?

An American Nobel Prize in Literature - Nov 05, 1930 - HISTORY.com An American Nobel Prize in Literature Share this: An American Nobel Prize in Literature Author An American Nobel Prize in Literature URL Publisher A+E Networks Sinclair Lewis is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters.” Lewis, born in Sauk Center, Minnesota, was the first American to win the distinguished award. Lewis established his literary reputation in the 1920s with a series of satirical novels about small-town life in the United States, including Main Street (1920), Babbitt (1922), Arrowsmith (1925), and Elmer Gantry (1927). In these novels, his central characters strive to escape their emotionally and intellectually repressive environments, with varying degrees of success. In 1926, he turned down the Pulitzer Prize awarded him for Arrowsmith but in 1930 decided to accept Sweden’s Nobel Prize. Related Videos


Who was the first black student at the University of Alabama?

This Day in History: First Black Student Enrolls at University of Alabama This Day in History: First Black Student Enrolls at University of Alabama This Day in History: First Black Student Enrolls at University of Alabama Autherine Lucy faced riots and threats to her life, all to desegregate the university by Cristie Leondis     Posted: February 3, 2015 A-   A   A+   (Image: thedigitalmuse.net) Black History Month is upon us as a reminder of the events during the Civil Rights Movement and the people in history of African Americans who made freedom possible and made great strides to better the world. On this week in 1956 , history was changed as Autherine J. Lucy became the first black student to enroll at the University of Alabama. By today, she’d had her first few classes at the school, and faced tremendous harassment. She was born the youngest of 10 siblings in Shiloh, Alabama in 1929, and attended Selma University, later graduating with a bachelor’s in English from the all-black Miles College in 1952. After completing her education, she and her classmate/ activist Pollie Ann Myers, decided to enroll at the all-white University of Alabama grad school program. Both were accepted, but once university officials were provided with information that they were African Americans, the two students were barred from enrolling. [Related: This Day in History: Ernest Just Receives the Spingarn Medal for Strides in Science] The women were represented by attorneys Thurgood Marshall and Arthur Shores, who petitioned for acceptance and admittance. However, it wasn’t until the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education that Autherine would once again confront and challenge the university’s policies. In Feb. 1955, a federal judge ruled that the university must admit them. After the institution denied Myer’s admission on the basis of being pregnant out of wedlock, Autherine made the bold decision to attend by herself. Three days into classes, she was confronted by a group of students who were armed with rocks, eggs, and bricks, yelling racist comments and even threatening her life. The rioters were protesting her admission, leaving her to hide in the auditorium and eventually be escorted out of the building. Fortunately, she was unharmed, but later that evening she was suspended by the University Board of Trustees “for her protection.” Sadly, attorneys were unable to immediately reverse the expulsion, but several years later in 1988 it was overturned. In 1992, she proudly earned her MA in elementary education from the University of Alabama, which was extremely well deserved. Autherine Lucy will always be remembered for her bravery, persistence, strength, and ultimately achieving her lifetime goal. Follow updates on this series via social media using #BE28andGreat for the whole month of February.


Who invented the liquid fuel powered rocket?

First liquid-fueled rocket - Mar 16, 1926 - HISTORY.com Publisher A+E Networks The first man to give hope to dreams of space travel is American Robert H. Goddard, who successfully launches the world’s first liquid-fueled rocket at Auburn, Massachusetts, on March 16, 1926. The rocket traveled for 2.5 seconds at a speed of about 60 mph, reaching an altitude of 41 feet and landing 184 feet away. The rocket was 10 feet tall, constructed out of thin pipes, and was fueled by liquid oxygen and gasoline. The Chinese developed the first military rockets in the early 13th century using gunpowder and probably built firework rockets at an earlier date. Gunpowder-propelled military rockets appeared in Europe sometime in the 13th century, and in the 19th century British engineers made several important advances in early rocket science. In 1903, an obscure Russian inventor named Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky published a treatise on the theoretical problems of using rocket engines in space, but it was not until Robert Goddard’s work in the 1920s that anyone began to build the modern, liquid-fueled type of rocket that by the early 1960s would be launching humans into space. Goddard, born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1882, became fascinated with the idea of space travel after reading the H.G. Wells’ science fiction novel War of the Worlds in 1898. He began building gunpowder rockets in 1907 while a student at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute and continued his rocket experiments as a physics doctoral student and then physics professor at Clark University. He was the first to prove that rockets can propel in an airless vacuum-like space and was also the first to explore mathematically the energy and thrust potential of various fuels, including liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. He received U.S. patents for his concepts of a multistage rocket and a liquid-fueled rocket, and secured grants from the Smithsonian Institute to continue his research. In 1919, his classic treatise A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes was published by the Smithsonian. The work outlined his mathematical theories of rocket propulsion and proposed the future launching of an unmanned rocket to the moon. The press picked up on Goddard’s moon-rocket proposal and for the most part ridiculed the scientist’s innovative ideas. In January 1920, The New York Times printed an editorial declaring that Dr. Goddard “seems to lack the knowledge ladled out daily in high schools” because he thought that rocket thrust would be effective beyond the earth’s atmosphere. (Three days before the first Apollo lunar-landing mission in July 1969, the Times printed a correction to this editorial.) In December 1925, Goddard tested a liquid-fueled rocket in the physics building at Clark University. He wrote that the rocket, which was secured in a static rack, “operated satisfactorily and lifted its own weight.” On March 16, 1926, Goddard accomplished the world’s first launching of a liquid-fueled rocket from his Aunt Effie’s farm in Auburn. Goddard continued his innovative rocket work until his death in 1945. His work was recognized by the aviator Charles A. Lindbergh, who helped secure him a grant from the Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics. Using these funds, Goddard set up a testing ground in Roswell, New Mexico, which operated from 1930 until 1942. During his tenure there, he made 31 successful flights, including one of a rocket that reached 1.7 miles off the ground in 22.3 seconds. Meanwhile, while Goddard conducted his limited tests without official U.S. support, Germany took the initiative in rocket development and by September 1944 was launching its V-2 guided missiles against Britain to devastating effect. During the war, Goddard worked in developing a jet-thrust booster for a U.S. Navy seaplane. He would not live to see the major advances in rocketry in the 1950s and ’60s that would make his dreams of space travel a reality. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, is named in his honor. Related Videos


Who was Geena Davis's husband when they made the loss-maker Cutthroat Island?

FILM REVIEW -- `Island' -- Geena Davis' Ship of Foolishness - SFGate FILM REVIEW -- `Island' -- Geena Davis' Ship of Foolishness PETER STACK, Chronicle Staff Critic Published 4:00 am, Friday, December 22, 1995 CUTTHROAT ISLAND. Adventure drama starring Geena Davis , Matthew Modine , Frank Langella . Directed by Renny Harlin . (PG-13, 123 minutes. At the Kabuki, Century Plaza.) They should have sunk the regretable "Cutthroat Island" before ever casting off. Geena Davis plays a scrappy pirate adroit with sword, haymaker punches and acrobatic leaps. And she looks ridiculous in the role. The film drops anchor today at theaters throughout the Bay Area. It's a swashbuckling extravaganza, but Davis is not convincing. And before anyone objects, it's not because she's a woman. Get out already! This is the '90s, and women can do anything. But they can't escape from a lousy movie any better than a man can. Davis is plenty tough -- and kinda pretty -- as Morgan, the buccaneer who inherits her late father's ship and part of a treasure map. Yet if she seems silly, audiences have only to wait until her pirating companion, played by Matthew Modine, arrives on the scene to show how swashes can buckle entirely. Ever since the fizzle of "Hook," folks interested in pirates have had little to feed on. They might have been looking forward to "Cutthroat Island," even forgiving its promotional trailer that makes the adventure look like a busybox Matthew Modine and Geena Davis co-star in the pirate epic 'Cutthroat Island' of fake effects, over-rollicking mariner types and too much yard- arm derring-do to take seriously. The bad news: The film, which is more than two hours, is as lousy as the trailer made it look. There must have been some other feature idea for Davis to tackle with her considerable charm and intelligence. Maybe director Renny Harlin, who's her husband, rattled her saber enough to make her want to play the part with such pert zeal that "Cutthroat Island" seems at times like a dizzy Gilbert & Sullivan costume show without any saucy music. There is lush scenery in the film. Two replicated 17th century pirate ships will be of interest to some viewers, but somehow they look phony (at least to this ship fancier). Morgan's portion of the treasure map is written in Latin and she can't read it. When she learns that a twit named William Shaw (Modine), who passes himself off as a physician, can read Latin, she buys him at an auction where's he's being sold into slavery because he's a knave. A romantic pairing seems inevitable. But with so many stunts to perform, so many sabers and cannon balls and lashes and muskets to deal with, there isn't much time for kissing. A bullying bad guy named Dawg Brown (Frank Langella) is always nearby in his pursuit of the treasure. A couple of stunts are spectacular, but somehow boring at the same time -- no easy feat. The most punishing aspect of "Cutthroat Island" is that it just wears down the viewer with a helter-skelter, needlessly overblown quality. No wonder those old pirates didn't survive -- they were too tired from so much hyperactivity. Latest from the SFGATE homepage: Click below for the top news from around the Bay Area and beyond. Sign up for our newsletters to be the first to learn about breaking news and more. Go to 'Sign In' and 'Manage Profile' at the top of the page.


Which novelist appeared in the film Day For Night?

Day for Night – review | Film | The Guardian The Observer Day for Night – review Jacqueline Bisset and Jean-Pierre Léaud in François Truffaut’s Day for Night, which also features a brief appearance by Graham Greene. Saturday 19 February 2011 19.05 EST First published on Saturday 19 February 2011 19.05 EST Share on Messenger Close Charlie Chaplin had been making movies for less than a month when he appeared in A Film Johnnie, a one-reel comedy about moviegoing and moviemaking set around the Keystone Studio. This genre of films with a movie background has flourished ever since, with pictures ranging from Nicholas Ray's In a Lonely Place to Satyajit Ray's Nayak. While most are set in Hollywood, three of the very best are by European directors: Fellini's 8½, Godard's Le mépris and Truffaut's Day for Night (aka La nuit américaine). Truffaut's warm, humane film, made in 1973, can be seen as a delayed riposte to Godard's acrid attack on the commercial cinema in Le mépris, the action of which it closely parallels. A vicious letter Godard wrote to Truffaut about Day for Night effectively turned their friendship into a bitter enmity. Set in Nice's Victorine Studios, where it was filmed, Day for Night is a touching, funny and accurate account of the travails (accidents, disputes, affairs, imbroglios, death) involved in the making of an all-star international picture called Je vous présente Paméla. It is a Pirandellian affair, an elegiac celebration of a dying kind of cinema, a meditation on the connection between film and life by Truffaut, who plays Ferrand, the film's constantly troubled yet dedicated director, a man much like himself. Ferrand compares the process of film-making to "a stagecoach journey into the far west. At the start you hope for a beautiful trip. But shortly you wonder if you will make it at all." He lives for the movies and at night has a recurrent monochrome dream about what appears to be a horrific childhood experience. It turns out to be a memory of stealing cherished stills of Citizen Kane from a cinema foyer. My favourite line is spoken by the lovely Nathalie Baye as Truffaut's indispensable assistant: "I'd give up a guy for a film, but I'd never give up a film for a guy." Le mépris is arguably a better, more trenchant film and has a commanding performance by Fritz Lang as the director of the film within the film. But Day for Night is the one I love, and among its many delights is the brief appearance as a British insurance adviser of Graham Greene, credited as Henry Graham. His real identity was unknown to Truffaut who cast him for his distinguished appearance, believing him to be a retired English businessman living in the South of France. The film has a special moment that always makes my heart leap. It occurs when Truffaut receives a parcel of books, which he eagerly cuts open and tosses them one by one on to the table in front of him. They're monographs on directors, all in French except for two – Robin Wood's Hitchcock and a symposium on Jean-Luc Godard to which I contributed the chapter on Une femme mariée.


In 1993 who tried to buy the rights of his first movie Sizzle Beach USA?

Malibu Hot Summer Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST NEWS 7 out of 9 people found the following review useful: cheesy 1970's style softcore porn from Los Angeles CA 28 September 1999 Shot in 1974 but not released until 1986 the film can be mainly of interest to anyone because 19-year old Kevin Costner plays a small role as a ranch hand. Interesting thing is, he is actually the best thing about the movie -- he at least tries to act. He's rough around the edges but one can see that a couple years of acting lessons added to that laid-back "aw shucks ma'am" demeanor will make him the star he is today. The rest of the cast gives your typical low budget talent-free performances. Plot (if you can it that) centers around three uniquely untalented women trying to make it in la-la land. lots of t & a, tacky sets and costumes, bad cinematography, a cheesy script, and tuneless music. Was the above review useful to you? 4 out of 5 people found the following review useful: Not all bad! from UK 25 December 2007 A fairly decent T and A flick that delivers plenty of nudity in it's runtime.Good looking girls too!There are better beach movies out there but fans of the genre would do well to check it out.Kevin Costners only in a few scenes although he's clearly the most natural actor in the film.IMDb states in "Trivia"that the film was shot in 1974 and released in 1986.I have a hard time believing this,a simple click through the cast list would seem to indicate a shooting date around '79 to '82 otherwise most of the cast would have done this in '74 then nothing else for 6 years before they all started acting again?The films not THAT bad... Was the above review useful to you? 2 out of 3 people found the following review useful: the movie Costner probably wishes he could forget (no not Waterworld, the other one) from United States 6 February 2009 A young lady going out west to make something of herself meets up with two other girls who have the same idea. They then shack up at the the first one's cousin's house. And then nothing much happens. Sure Ditt meets a rancher (played by a young Kevin Costner, the only reason anyone ever saw this film) and we're subject to mind-numbing music (one of the trio wants to be a musician) But otherwise this was a complete and utter waste of time. Forgettable in the most base sense. Eye Candy: Terry Congie gets topless; Victoria Taft shows breasts and bush; Roselyn Royce, Jennifer Stewart & Sylvia Wright all get completely nude. Meanwhile Leslie Brander who shows only one of her tits seems like a prude in comparison My Grade: D- from United States 1 October 2004 Even if you love Troma, you might not fall in love with this movie. The charm of most Troma movies is that even though they're incredibly awful (artistic-wise), the filmmakers don't pretend they're making Shakespeare. "Sizzle Beach, U.S.A." often does take itself seriously, yet sporadically finds room for those quirky Troma elements. There's a scene where a naive, ditsy aspiring actress tries to get a job by sleeping with a morbidly obese man. He sees her naked body and says, "I see real potential in you." Pretty funny. But gags like that are sandwiched between badly played dramatic moments. The film almost plays out like a bad soap opera...with gratuitous female nudity. The nudity is practically the only saving grace of this "film," though it certainly shouldn't be anyone's sole reason to buy a copy of the DVD. I wasn't surprised when I watched an interview on the DVD, in which the film's director mentions that Kevin Costner tried to buy the rights to the movie, so that he can remove it from all stores and selling outlets. It's still amusing to see Costner in such a horrible flick. Anybody who thought "The Postman" was bad should probably check this movie out first. Though not quite the talented actor he is today, Costner probably gives the film's best performance. The rest of the cast put no emotion into their dialogue, and sound as if they're reading off cue cards. I can barely call this a film, because it's basically just


Who was William Taft's Vice President between 1909 and 1912?

James S. Sherman - Vice President to President William H. Taft} James S. Sherman U.S. Vice President James S. Sherman Be the first to review James S. Sherman, a member of the Republican Party , took office as the 27th Vice President of the United States on March 4, 1909 at age 53. Sherman served as VP to President William H. Taft for 3 years through October 30, 1912. He was born in Utica, New York and received an education from Hamilton College. See all U.S. Vice Presidents Write a Review


"Who said, ""How can you rule a country which produces 246 different kinds of cheese?"

Saving the Raw Milk Cheeses of Provence - A Campaign for Real MilkA Campaign for Real Milk Saving the Raw Milk Cheeses of Provence Saving the Raw Milk Cheeses of Provence Posted on February 12, 2006 Last Modified on January 11, 2017 PDF By Madeleine Vedel For the cheese-lover, France is mecca: a site of pilgrimage, and a land of rapture. And one of the defining reasons for this fact is the large number of small-scale raw milk cheese producers that live and work in the region. Who can forget the witticism of Charles de Gaulle who quipped, “How can you govern a country which has 246 varieties of cheese?” NOT IN THE U.S. Cheese lovers in the United States must content themselves with cheeses, both imported and domestically produced, that abide by the FDA’s cheese laws, which specify that cheese must either be made from pasteurized milk or aged at least 60 days. The industrial makers of the cow’s milk cheeses such as Brie, Camembert and St. André, have adapted to the American market by pasteurizing the milk they use for the cheeses they export. Other cheeses, such as the wood ash-filled Morbier or the St. Nectaire, are sent to the United States after the 60 days’ aging period, making them far older than the age at which they are commonly consumed here in France. The extra aging renders these cheeses more pungent, so they differ substantially from their counterparts in France. But many cheeses from France never cross the Atlantic due to the fact that they are made from raw milk and then sold anywhere from the day of their fabrication to six weeks of age. This is the case with the majority of goat cheeses in Provence. To enjoy the fresh and delicate flavor of the Gardian from the Camargue river delta region of Provence, you must purchase it directly from the cheese-maker at a local market. This cheese is sold in its whey at one day old and eaten with a drizzle of olive oil and herbs. The Banon de Banon is a sweet curdle goat cheese from Haute Provence, known for its small round form wrapped in chestnut leaves. Protected by Appellation of Controlled Origin (AOC) laws, this cheese is ready to eat after two weeks’ aging. Age it far beyond a month and it can become a completely different cheese, far more pungent, and much less desirable. The fresh young goat cheese sold in the United States must be made from pasteurized milk. It is packaged in vacuum seal wrap and must be kept refrigerated. By contrast, in Provence, what starts out as a similar fresh goat cheese made from raw milk, evolves at room temperature from a tart lactic acid cheese, to a mild, creamy, runny cheese to a pungent hard cheese that eventually shrinks in size due to dehydration, which is one of the oldest methods of food preservation. This process is impossible and potentially even dangerous for pasteurized goat cheese. The moist, pasteurized, dead medium of the cheese contains no enzymes and no natural lactic bacteria activity and is therefore an ideal growing ground for many harmful pathogens. For now, only those who visit France will be able to taste raw milk goat cheese in its many guises and through its many stages. And yet, this great tradition of raw milk cheeses has come under attack as France seeks to comply with the new food regulations coming from Brussels and the European Union (EU). Not all cheeses in France are made with raw milk. There is a relatively new production method that lies between raw milk and pasteurized called thermisation, in which the milk is heated to a temperature just below that which kills the enzyme phosphatase. On a label, the cheese-maker can still call this “raw milk,” but in fact it is relatively (if not completely) dead milk that requires the addition of fermenting agents. This method is used for certain soft-centered cow’s milk cheeses, and Christian Fleury, my local cheese-maker from the village of Noves, has told me that it was in these cheeses that occurred an outbreak of Lysteria contamination in recent years. Over the last 20 years, the French cheese-makers have gone to battle to defend their right to produce raw milk


Polaroid 00's Today Edwin H. Land, founder of Polaroid, leaves Harvard University after his freshman             year to pursue his own research on light polarization. Two years later, he files the patent             first synthetic polarizer. View Gallery Edwin H. Land establishes Land-Wheelwright Laboratories in Boston with             his former Harvard physics professor, George Wheelwright III. They             continue to research and to produce synthetic polarizers. View Gallery Polaroid produces glasses, ski goggles, 3D glasses, and dark-adapter goggles             for the Army and Navy. View Gallery The Chrysler Corporation presents a 3D movie made possible with unique Polaroid 3D glasses. Its display at the 1939 World's Fair in New             York City is the first time an American audience experiences a 3D movie. View Gallery While on vacation with his family, Land's 3-year-old daughter asks why she cant             see the picture he has just taken of her. That day, Land conceives of the instant camera. View Gallery On February 21st, Land presents the first demonstration of the instant camera, and wows the audience at the Optical Society of America meeting. View Gallery On November 26, 1948, the first Land camera was sold for $89.95 at Jordan Marsh             department store in Boston, Massachusetts. The Model 95 Land camera becomes the             prototype for all Polaroid Land cameras produced during next 15 years. View Gallery The one-millionth Polaroid camera rolls off the assembly line. Polaroid products are now distributed in over 45 countries worldwide. View Gallery Polaroid introduces Polacolor, the first instant color film. View Gallery Polaroid releases the Model 100 Land camera, the first fully automatic pack film               and exposure control camera. View Gallery The stylish and low priced Polaroid Swinger camera is released and is extremely               successful with a younger generation. The catchy "Meet the Swinger" jingle sung by Barry Manilow               featuring a young Ali MacGraw makes the camera a household name. View Gallery Polaroid introduces the SX-70 Land camera, the first fully-automatic, motorized,                     and folding camera with instant color prints. Within a year, the company is producing 5,000 a day. View Gallery Lawrence Olivier becomes an advertising spokesman for the Polaroid SX-70. Life Magazine                     features the camera and Land on the front cover. View Gallery The Polaroid OneStep Land camera debuts. This inexpensive, fixed-focus camera becomes                     the best-selling camera, instant or conventional, in the US. View Gallery Polaroid Sun 600 System cameras and Type 600 color film are released. The Muppets debut                     in a number of commercial and print ads for Polaroid, including the famous Miss Piggy's                     Birthday and Fozzie's Christmas Present. View Gallery The Polaroid Spectra System camera is introduced at Jordan Marsh in Boston, 38 years after the first Land camera was announced. View Gallery The Polaroid Captiva camera and film system, an ultra-compact format designed for                     instant portaits, debuts. Well-known actor comedian Sinbad appears in Polaroid commercials                     launching the Captive camera products. View Gallery A modern Polaroid OneStep Express is reissued in 1997 with a rounded body and in various color options. View Gallery Polaroid introduces the Polaroid iZone, an instant pocket-sized camera in a wide range of bright                     colors. The camera's thumbnail-sized prints become a hit amongst teens. View Gallery The Polaroid PoGo Instant Mobile Printer debuts in the US. Polaroid Corporation partners with ZINK® Zero Ink® Pr


How many films had Christopher Reeve made before Superman in 1978?

superman christopher reeve - Question.com Home › How many times did Christopher Reeve play Superman? How many times did Christopher Reeve play Superman? The movie Superman was so successful, a sequel (Superman II) was made,  followed by two more sequels (Superman III and Superman IV),  all in the 1980s, and Reeve played the part of Superman in all three. The first  Superman movie also starred Marlon Brando as Lex Luthor, Margot Kidder as Lois Lane, and Terence Stamp as General Zod.  (Marlon Brando was paid $4 million for under eight minutes of screen time, a  remarkably high sum at the time.) John Williams wrote the score for the film,  whose theme song won a Grammy award. Before playing Superman, Christopher Reeve acted onstage and on a television  soap opera. His later screen credits include The Bostonians and Somewhere  in Time, now a cult classic. In May 1995, Christopher Reeve was paralyzed  from the neck down after falling from his horse in a riding competition. He  had largely retired from film production since then, instead devoting his time  to rehabilitation therapy. With his wife Dana, he opened the Christopher  and Dana Reeve Paralysis Resource Center in Short Hills, New Jersey, a  center devoted to teaching paralyzed people to live more independently. In 2003 and early 2004, Reeve made two well-received appearances on the television  Superman prequel series, Smallville, playing Dr Swann, who gives the  young Clark Kent clues to his origins. Christopher Reeve died on 10 October, 2004. Sign In


Who owned the LA nightclub The Viper Room at the time of River Phoenix's death there in 1993?

Death of River Phoenix Is Linked To Use of Cocaine and Morphine - NYTimes.com Death of River Phoenix Is Linked To Use of Cocaine and Morphine By SETH MYDANS, Published: November 13, 1993 LOS ANGELES, Nov. 12— The sudden death of the actor River Phoenix outside a Hollywood nightclub two weeks ago was caused by "acute multiple drug intoxication" involving lethal levels of cocaine and morphine, the Los Angeles County coroner's office said today. The office of the county sheriff said in a separate statement today that its investigation of the 23-year-old actor's death had found "no evidence of foul play," and the coroner's office ruled the death accidental. Mr. Phoenix, a star of films like "My Own Private Idaho" and "Running on Empty," fell into convulsions and died on the sidewalk outside a popular nightclub about 1 A.M. on Oct. 31. Scott Carrier, a spokesman for the coroner's office, said toxicological tests had found not only the deadly levels of cocaine and morphine but also traces of marijuana, the prescription sedative Valium and an over-the-counter cold medication. Mr. Carrier said that it was not known how Mr. Phoenix had taken the cocaine and morphine but that no needle marks had been found on his body. Convulsions and Motionlessness Mr. Phoenix, who received critical praise for his sensitive acting, had been described as so dedicated to healthy living that he would not eat meat or dairy products. He had been on the cover of not only popular film magazines but also Vegetarian Times. In a desperate 911 call on the night Mr. Phoenix died, his 19-year-old brother, Joaquin, raised the possibility that drugs were involved when he told a dispatcher that Mr. Phoenix "may have had Valium or something." In that call, a tape recording of which was made available by the authorities and played at length on television stations here, Joaquin could be heard in a panicked voice pleading for help and describing Mr. Phoenix's convulsions, followed by a sudden lapse into motionlessness. The actor was taken to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, about two miles from the nightclub, the Viper Room, which is partly owned by the singer and actor Johnny Depp. Mr. Phoenix arrived at the hospital in full cardiac arrest and was soon pronounced dead. Mr. Carrier said today that the findings of the coroner, Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran, were being released immediately upon their determination because of public interest in the death and that no written reports of the toxicological tests were yet available. "Working with the Sheriff's Department, they determined that no foul play was involved," Mr. Carrier said of the coroner's investigators. "No evidence of foul play is suspected by them at this point in their investigation. So with that in mind, we determined this to be an accidental death." 'No Needle Marks' And Rich Erickson, a spokesman for the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department, said that because there was no evidence of foul play, the case was closed. Mr. Carrier, as well as experts on drugs, said that because of differing individual tolerances to drugs, it was impossible to determine how long before Mr. Phoenix died he had taken the morphine and cocaine that killed him, or exactly how much he had taken. As for how Mr. Phoenix had taken the drugs, Mr. Carrier said: "There were no needle marks. Maybe it was ingested, maybe it was inhaled. How it was introduced into his body is unknown at this time." Reached by The Associated Press late today, Susan Patricola, a spokeswoman for Mr. Phoenix, said she hoped the findings would prove instructive, especially to young people. "Hopefully it's a wake-up call to the world," she said. "It leaves you to question why are young people compelled to do this. If any good can come from this death, it can come from saving someone's life." Studio executives had viewed Mr. Phoenix as a promising actor who worked hard at his craft. At the time of his death, he was finishing work on a movie called "Dark Blood" and was next scheduled to appear in the film version of Anne Rice's best-seller "Interview with a Vampire." Mr. Ph


Who starred in Roger Vadim's remake of And God Crated Woman?

Roger Vadim - Microsoft Store Roger Vadim Roger Vadim Actor • Director Born in Paris to a Ukranian-French family, Roger Vadim was briefly educated in political science before studying acting under Charles Dulin. From ages 16 through 19, Vadim pursued a performing career. He then spent eight years as an assistant to director Marc Allegret; during this same period, he was a journalist for Paris Match and an occasional television director. Married to Brigitte Bardot in 1952, Vadim burst onto the international film scene when he directed his breathtakingly beautiful young wife in And...God Created Woman (1956). While it was the film's nudity and eroticism that assured its success in the United States, its popularity enabled France's up-and-coming "New Wave" directors to gain attention in the American market. Because Vadim was tagged as a "nudie" director, most of his subsequent films were provocatively (and often misleadingly) retitled when released to the States: for example, the wry and witty Chateau en Suede (1963) was dumbed down to Nutty, Naughty Chateau. Vadim seemed to not only welcome being pigeonholed as a voyeur, but encouraged this perception by presenting his various actress wives--Bardot, Annette Stroyberg, Jane Fonda, Maria Schneider--in their birthday suits, whether the plot required it or not. His reputation as an on-camera satyr spilled over into his private life as he pursued romantic relationships with Catherine Deneuve (who bore him a son), Marie-Christine Barrault, and others too numerous to mention. By the 1980s, Vadim's cinematic hedonism seemed a bit antiquated, never more so than in his tiresome remake of ...And God Created Woman, which starred Rebecca De Mornay. In addition to his directing and screenwriting credits, Vadim has acted in Cocteau's Testament of Orpheus (1959), Warhol's Ciao Manhattan (1973), Cukor's Rich and Famous (1981) and John Landis' Into the Night (1985). Roger Vadim is the author of two endearingly egotistical autobiographies: Memoirs of the Devil (1977) and Bardot, Deneuve, Fonda--My Life with the Three Most Beautiful Women in the World (1985).


"Who was described by co star Nick Nolte as, ""...a ball buster. Protect me from her?"""

Articles about Nick Nolte New additions to articles page as of May 16, 1999 Entertainment Weekly; New York; Apr 16, 1999; Daniel Fierman; MEAL TIME Will Breakfast of Champions ever be served? Disney originally scheduled director Alan Rudolph's year-old adaptation of the 1973 Kurt Vonnegut novel for the spring and then pulled it, leading to speculation that the estimated $11 million film-which stars and was financed in part by Bruce Willis-is a dog. "The movie Is like having a blinding light in your living room rug," says Rudolph, who was recently shown a trailer and poster and is hoping for a fall release. "Certain people will think it's radioactive and others will think it's cool. It's frustrating, because I know we have something that people will be talking about." A studio spokesperson says that Disney is "just looking to find the right niche for its release" But costar Nick Nolte, who says he's seen the film four or five times, is disappointed with the delay. "Disney assured me that they will get behind this film he says. "But I've got my own paranoia about large studios releasing small films." ``````````````````````` Bella! Bella! People Weekly; New York; Apr 5, 1999 Some things could not be forgotten-or forgiven. While the presentation of a Lifetime Achievement Award to director Elia Kazan (On the Waterfront)-still reviled in some quarters for having named eight former colleagues as Communists during 1952's House Un-American Activities Committee hearings-didn't disrupt the proceedings as some had feared, audience members displayed their feelings. While many gave the 89-year-old Kazan a standing, if subdued, ovation, Nick Nolte, Ed Harris and scores of others remained seated and stony-faced. ````````````````````` Their next big things Entertainment Weekly; New York; Apr 2, 1999 Nick Nolte has two prestigious adaptations on tap: First he'll star as a crossdressing car salesman opposite Bruce Willis in the bigscreen version of Kurt Vonnegut's Breakfast of Champions; then he'll appear with Jeff Bridges in Sam Shepard's horse-racing drama Simpatico. ``````````````````` Vicki pushes it Joe Weider's Shape; Woodland Hills; Apr 1999 It's not often that a movie pays off for an actor in as many ways as the upcoming "Pushing Tin" did for Vicki Lewis. While the 37-year-old redhead has already impressed Broadway audiences in "Damn Yankees" and established her sitcom credentials as Beth, the wisecracking secretary on NBC's "NewsRadio," she's still somewhat new to the big screen. So there she was, in only her third feature film, working with such gifted co-stars as John Cusack and Oscar-winner Billy Bob Thornton. "It was an actor's dream," she says. In "Pushing Tin," Lewis plays Tina Leary, an air traffic controller and competitive bodybuilder. The 5-foot-1-inch, 93-pound Lewis soon discovered that it takes a special kind of performer to come out flexing. "I had to do the whole competition routine in high-cut leopard print shorts and a midriff top. I'd wake up worrying: How many days until I have to wear that outfit?" she says. And her competition shape in "Pushing Tin" didn't develop without a lot of hard work. She and her trainer, Lisa Dulovic, Miss Fitness Canada 1997, were in the gym pumping iron at odd hours before, during and after Lewis' 18-hour days on the set. None of this daunted ex-dancer Lewis, and she now appreciates the lure of competitive bodybuilding. "I became addicted to the feeling. You can feel a different kind of strength come from the inside." To maintain her newly sculpted body, Lewis works out three days a week in the gym at her Malibu, Calif., home. In perhaps the best payoff of all, her "Pushing Tin" role brought Lewis and the man in her life, actor Nick Nolte, a little closer. "Nick's done weights for years," she says. "We share tips and now speak the same language in the workout room." Ah, yes, the couple that lifts together ... well, you get the picture. -Ed Dwyer `````````````````````````` Acting on impulse Premiere; New York; Apr 1999 EVERYTHING'S ABOUT MONEY, BUT MORE SO THAN IT HAS EVER bee


Who were the first two men to drive on the Moon?

Driving on the Moon: The 40-Year Legacy of NASA's First Lunar Car Driving on the Moon: The 40-Year Legacy of NASA's First Lunar Car By Denise Chow, SPACE.com Staff Writer | July 29, 2011 07:22pm ET MORE Astronaut James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot, during the Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) on August 1, 1971, at the Hadley-Apennine landing site. The first Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) on the moon, stands to the right. Credit: NASA When NASA's Apollo 15 astronauts David Scott and James Irwin touched down on the moon 40 years ago, they had an extra special tool packed away on their lunar lander: a dune buggy-size rover that enabled them to become the first humans to drive on the surface of a world beyond Earth. Rover technology has made great strides since Scott and Irwin landed on the moon on July 30, 1971, but the lessons learned from NASA's first Lunar Roving Vehicles (LRVs) are still applicable today. While technology has evolved since the Apollo era, NASA's first rovers are influencing manned and robotic vehicles for exploration on Mars and beyond. "The LRV on Apollo fulfilled a very important need, which was to be able to cover large traverses, carry more samples, and get more scientific exploration done," Mike Neufeld, a curator in the space history division at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. told SPACE.com. "It was a really important part of why Apollo 15, 16 and 17 were so much more scientifically advanced and productive." [ Photos: The Evolution of NASA's Moon Cars ] Driving on the moon Apollo 15 was the fourth mission to land men on the moon, and it was the first of three missions to use the LRVs. The rover had a mass of about 460 pounds (208 kilograms) and was designed to fold up so it could fit inside a compartment of the Lunar Module. Apollo 17 mission commander Eugene A. Cernan makes a short checkout of the Lunar Roving Vehicle during the early part of the first Apollo 17 extravehicular activity at the Taurus-Littrow landing site in 1972. Credit: NASA "It was a very elegant little vehicle," Neufeld said. "It had to be lightweight and had to be folded up in a very compact space. They were very successful – there were no major failures – so clearly it was a successful design." [ Video: NASA's 21st Century Moon Ride ] And they drove relatively well, Neufeld said, given the rocky terrain on the moon. The rovers could reach a top speed of about 8 mph (about 13 kph), but the moon's cratered surface prevented the astronauts from driving too fast. "They weren't driving on flat land – it was more like a dirt buggy than anything else," he explained. "It didn't travel that fast, but for the astronauts who drove it, it seemed like it was exciting and fast. It was a pretty bouncy ride. Even flat looking terrain on the moon is not very flat because there are so many crater pits, so it would have been a fairly exciting ride." The lunar rovers also injected a new level of public enthusiasm for the Apollo program. "Overall public interest had declined after Apollo 11," Neufeld said. "The public was becoming more and more blasé. Apollo 15 provided a blip upwards in public interest. Part of it was because the landing site was so much more attractive, and there were also more television broadcasts from the moon. But, the rovers were definitely a part of that. The public took a lot of interest in this new capability that the astronauts had." The LRVs allowed the Apollo astronauts to explore beyond their landing site, but there were definite limitations, such as the non-rechargeable battery life of the rovers. As a safety precaution, the vehicles were also constrained to a distance that, if the rover broke down, the astronauts would have enough resources in their life support systems to walk back to the Lunar Module. On the Apollo 15 mission, the LRV was driven a total of about 17 miles (27 km), which amounted to 3 hours and 2 minutes of driving time, according to NASA officials. NASA's twin Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have been on the surface of Mars for more than eig


Who in 1996 made the longest spaceflight by a woman?

NASA - Foale Breaks U.S. Space Flight Record Foale Breaks U.S. Space Flight Record 12.09.03   Image above: NASA Astronaut Michael Foale is the new record holder for most cumulative time in space by a U.S. astronaut. As each day passes during the remainder of his stay aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 8 Commander Michael Foale will continue to add to an impressive U.S. space flight record. At 1:47 p.m. EST Dec. 8, Foale surpassed Carl Walz with the most cumulative time in space for a U.S. astronaut. Walz has spent 230 days, 13 hours, 3 minutes and 37 seconds in space. To mark the occasion, Foale received a call from Walz, who was at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C., moments before the record fell. Walz congratulated Foale on the accomplishment. "Records are meant to be broken," Walz said. "I am certainly glad that after your pioneering efforts on Mir that you had a chance to break this record." Foale is currently in the middle of his sixth mission in space, which began Oct. 18 with the launch of the ISS Soyuz 7 spacecraft. He is on the Station with Russian Cosmonaut Alexander Kaleri, who is serving as Expedition 8's flight engineer. If his stay in space concludes as scheduled in late April 2004, Foale will have amassed 375 days in space. Image above: STS-103 Astronauts C. Michael Foale (left) and Claude Nicollier hover above Discovery's aft cargo bay during their shared space walk to perform servicing tasks on the Hubble Space Telescope in 1999. His first flight occurred in 1992 when he flew on STS-45 as a mission specialist. STS-45 was the first of the ATLAS series of missions to study the atmosphere and solar interactions. He was a mission specialist on the second ATLAS mission, STS-56, in 1993. He made his third trip into space and his first of two trips to the Russian Mir Space Station in 1995 with STS-63. It was the first time a Space Shuttle rendezvoused with Mir. During his second trip to Mir in May 1997, not only did STS-84 dock with the Russian station, but Foale remained behind for a 4.5-month tour of duty. He returned to Earth with STS-86 in October. Foale's fifth trip occurred in 1999 as a member of the STS-103 crew. This mission was the third to visit the Hubble Space Telescope for servicing. The STS-103 crew installed new equipment and performed other maintenance tasks to upgrade the space-based observatory. Prior to Expedition 8, Foale had accumulated 178 days in space and conducted three spacewalks, totaling 18 hours and 49 minutes. Walz, a veteran of four space flights, holds the U.S. single space flight endurance record with Expedition 4 crewmate Dan Bursch. They stayed in space for 196 days from December 2001 to June 2002. Bursch is also third on the U.S. list for cumulative space flight time with 227 days. The previous record for the longest single U.S. space flight was held by Astronaut Shannon Lucid, who lived on Mir for 188 days in 1996, a mission that still is the world record for the longest single space flight by a woman. She also holds the cumulative record for time in space by a woman with 223 days in space on five flights. Kaleri is also among the most experienced space travelers. By the end of Expedition 8, Kaleri will have logged 610 days in orbit on four flights, placing him fifth on the all-time space endurance list. Another Russian cosmonaut, Sergei Avdeyev, holds the all-time record for time spent in space, with 748 days accumulated on three flights. Cosmonaut Valery Polyakov set the world single-flight endurance record in 1995, when he completed a 438-day mission on Mir.


Who won the first of his Nobel prizes in 1956 for research which led to the invention of the transistor?

Nobel Laureates - College of Science and Engineering College of Science and Engineering Nobel Laureates Faculty member 1938-45 Nobel Prize in physics, 1956 and 1972 Bardeen shared the 1956 prize with William B. Shockley and Walter H. Brattain (Physics Ph.D. ’29) for their joint invention of the transistor. Together with Leon N. Cooper and John R. Schrieffer, he won the 1972 prize for the development of the theory of superconductivity. Arthur H. Compton Faculty member 1916-17 Nobel Prize in physics, 1927 Compton won the Nobel Prize (along with C.T.R. Wilson of England) for his discovery and explanation of the so-called “Compton effect,” the change in the wavelength of X-rays when they collide with electrons in metals. William N. Lipscomb Faculty member 1946-59 Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1976 Lipscomb won the Nobel Prize for his research on the structure and bonding of boron compounds and the general nature of chemical bonding. John H. Van Vleck Faculty member 1924-28 Nobel Prize in physics, 1977 Van Vleck shared 1977 Nobel Prize in physics with Philip W. Anderson and Sir Nevill F. Mott. The prize honored Van Vleck’s contributions to the understanding of the behavior of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solid materials. Alumni laureates (Physics Ph.D. ’29) Nobel Prize in physics, 1956 Brattain, John Bardeen, and William B. Shockley won the Nobel Prize for the development of the transistor. Melvin Calvin Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1961 Calvin received the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the chemical pathways of photosynthesis. Ernest O. Lawrence (Physics M.A. ’23) Nobel Prize in physics, 1939 Lawrence was honored with the Nobel Prize for his invention of the cyclotron, the first particle accelerator to achieve high energies. Daniel McFadden (Physics ’57, Behavioral Sciences Ph.D.’62) Nobel Prize in economic sciences, 2000 McFadden was honored for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice.


Which electrical engineer invented the triode valve in 1907?

Electronics Timeline - Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century Electronics Timeline   Brilliant inventors from the late 19th century to the present day have built on each other's work to launch a revolution in electronics. In recognizing the team of Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley for their invention of the transistor, the Nobel Prize also paid tribute to their predecessors, the discoverers of electrons, the vacuum tube, purified crystals, and diodes. The transistor spurred experimentation with new materials such as silicon and with a host of manufacturing techniques, leading to electronic devices that have altered every aspect of daily life.     Thermionic valve, or diode invented Sir John Ambrose Fleming, a professor of electrical engineering and the first scientific adviser for the Marconi Company, invents the thermionic valve, or diode, a two-electrode rectifier. (A rectifier prevents the flow of current from reversing.) Building on the work of Thomas Edison, Fleming devises an "oscillation valve"—a filament and a small metal plate in a vacuum bulb. He discovers that an electric current passing through the vacuum is always unidirectional.   1907   Triode patented Lee De Forest, an American inventor, files for a patent on a triode, a three-electrode device he calls an Audion. He improves on Fleming’s diode by inserting a gridlike wire between the two elements in the vacuum tube, creating a sensitive receiver and amplifier of radio wave signals. The triode is used to improve sound in long-distance phone service, radios, televisions, sound on film, and eventually in modern applications such as computers and satellite transmitters.   1940   Ohl discovers that impurities in semiconductor crystals create photoelectric properties Russell Ohl, a researcher at Bell Labs, discovers that small amounts of impurities in semiconductor crystals create photoelectric and other potentially useful properties. When he shines a light on a silicon crystal with a crack running through it, a voltmeter attached to the crystal registers a half-volt jump. The crack, it turns out, is a natural P-N junction, with impurities on one side that create an excess of negative electrons (N) and impurities on the other side that create a deficit (P). Ohl’s crystal is the precursor of modern-day solar cells, which convert sunlight into electricity. It also heralds the coming of transistors.   1947   First pointcontact transistor John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William B. Shockley of Bell Labs discover the transistor. Brattain and Bardeen build the first pointcontact transistor, made of two gold foil contacts sitting on a germanium crystal. When electric current is applied to one contact, the germanium boosts the strength of the current flowing through the other contact. Shockley improves on the idea by building the junction transistor—"sandwiches" of N- and P-type germanium. A weak voltage applied to the middle layer modifies a current traveling across the entire "sandwich." In November 1956 the three men are awarded the Nobel Prize in physics.   1952   First commercial device to apply Shockley’s junction transistor Sonotone markets a $229.50 hearing aid that uses two vacuum tubes and one transistor—the first commercial device to apply Shockley’s junction transistor. Replacement batteries for transistorized hearing aids cost only $10, not the nearly $100 of batteries for earlier vacuum tube models.   1954   First truly consistent mass-produced transistor is demonstrated Gordon Teal, a physical chemist formerly with Bell Labs, shows colleagues at Texas Instruments that transistors can be made from pure silicon—demonstrating the first truly consistent mass-produced transistor. By the late 1950s silicon begins to replace germanium as the semiconductor material out of which almost all modern transistors are made.   1954   First transistor radio Texas Instruments introduces the first transistor radio, the Regency TR1, with radios by Regency Electronics and transistors by Texas Instruments. The transistor replaces De Forest’s triode, wh