The Boxer Rebellion China officially waged 1900-1901 was against what?

Boxer Rebellion | Qing Dynasty Boxer Rebellion View More The Boxer Rebellion, also known as Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement, was a proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. The uprising took place in response to foreign "spheres of influence" in China, with grievances ranging from opium traders, political invasion, economic manipulation, to missionary evangelism. In China, popular sentiment remained resistant to foreign influences, and anger rose over the "unequal treaties", which the weak Qing state could not resist. Concerns grew that missionaries and Chinese Christians could use this decline to their advantage, appropriating lands and property of unwilling Chinese peasants to give to the church. This sentiment resulted in violent revolts against foreign interests. In June 1900 in Beijing, Boxer fighters threatened foreigners and forced them to seek refuge in the Legation Quarter. In response, the initially hesitant Empress Dowager Cixi, urged by the conservatives of the Imperial Court, supported the Boxers and declared war on foreign powers. Diplomats, foreign civilians and soldiers, and Chinese Christians in the Legation Quarter were under siege by the Imperial Army of China and the Boxers for 55 days. The Chinese government was split between destroying the foreigners in the Legation Quarter and extending olive branches. Clashes were reported between Chinese factions favoring war and those favoring conciliation, the latter led by Prince Qing. The supreme commander of the Chinese forces, Ronglu, claimed three years later that he acted to protect the besieged foreigners. The siege was ended when the Eight-Nation Alliance brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing. The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 ended the uprising and provided for severe punishments, including an indemnity of 67 million pounds (450 million taels of silver), more than the government's annual tax revenue, to be paid as indemnity over a course of thirty-nine years to the eight nations involved.[1] Copyright: © All Rights Reserved


"If someone stands with their hands resting on their hips, they are said to be ""arms "" what?"

Body Language - The Most Common Gestures You'll See Daily THE MOST COMMON GESTURES YOU'LL SEE DAILY The number one gesture cluster women can't tolerate men doing at work People rarely think consciously about the effect of many of the seemingly simple non-verbal things they do. For example, when one person hugs another, most observers silently assume that the back patting that occurs towards the end of the hug is a gesture of affection and that the air kisses made - the sound made on the side of someone's cheek - is also affection. The reality is that the pat is used in the same way professional wrestlers use it - to tell the other person to end the hug and break the clinch. If you are really not too keen about hugging someone but are forced into it because the people ahead of you did it, you're likely to begin the back patting in the air even before the hug begins. The air kiss - with its accompanying sound - is given as a displacement of a real kiss that we don't want to give either. Most people use the Shoulder Tap to break a clinch - sincere huggers hold on tight. This chapter covers some of the most common head gestures and body language clusters you are likely to see in your day-to-day dealings with others. The Head Nod In most cultures the Head Nod is used to signify 'Yes' or agreement. It's a stunted form of bowing - the person symbolically goes to bow but stops short, resulting in a nod. Bowing is a submissive gesture so the Head Nod shows we are going along with the other person's point of view. Research conducted with people who were born deaf, dumb and blind shows that they also use this gesture to signify 'Yes', so it appears to be an inborn gesture of submission. In India, the head is rocked from side to side, called the Head Wobble, to signal 'Yes'. This is confusing for Westerners and Europeans, who use this gesture to communicate 'Maybe yes - maybe no'. As we've already said, in Japan, head nodding doesn't necessarily mean 'Yes, I agree' - it usually means 'Yes I hear you.' Head nodding has its origins in bowing to appear subordinate. In Arab countries they use a single, upward head movement, which means 'no' while Bulgarians use the common 'no gesture to mean 'yes' Why You Should Learn to Nod Most people have never considered the power of head nodding as a persuasion tool. Research shows that people will talk three to four times more than usual when the listener nods their head using groups of three nods at regular intervals. The speed of the nod signals the patience - or lack of patience - of the listener. Slow nodding communicates that the listener is interested in what the speaker is saying so give slow, deliberate clusters of three head nods when the other person is making a point. Fast nodding tells the speaker you've heard enough or that you want them to finish or give you a turn to speak. How to Encourage Agreement There are two powerful uses of the Head Nod. Body language is an unconscious outward reflection of inner feelings so, if you feel positive or affirmative, your head will begin to nod as you speak. Conversely, if you simply start nodding your head intentionally, you will begin to experience positive feelings. In other words, positive feelings cause the head to nod - and the reverse is also true: nodding the head causes positive feelings. It's cause and effect again. Head nodding is also very contagious. If someone nods their head at you, you will usually nod too � even if you don't necessarily agree with what they are saying. Head nodding is an excellent tool for creating rapport, getting agreement and cooperation. By finishing each sentence with a verbal affirmation such as, 'Isn't it?', 'Wouldn't you?', 'Isn't that true?' or 'Fair enough?', and with the speaker and listener both nodding their heads, the listener experiences positive feelings which create a greater likelihood of getting them to agree with you. Head nodding encourages co-operation and agreement. After you've asked a question and the listener gives his answer nod your head during his answer. When he finishes speaking con


"What public disturbance early in June 1780 in London, described by Charles Dickens in ""Barnaby Rudge"", was put down by the military and followed by the execution of 11 people?"

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Nooks and Corners of Old London, by Charles And Marie Hemstreet. The Project Gutenberg EBook of Nooks and Corners of Old London, by Charles Hemstreet and Marie Hemstreet This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license  Title: Nooks and Corners of Old London Author: Charles Hemstreet     Marie Hemstreet Illustrator: W. J. Roberts Release Date: June 27, 2012 [EBook #40072] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOOKS AND CORNERS OF OLD LONDON ***   Produced by Annie R. McGuire. This book was produced from scanned images of public domain material from the Google Print archive. NOOKS AND CORNERS OF OLD LONDON The Mansion House ONE Within Sound of Bow Bells Said the Italian sculptor Canova, "Gladly would I journey to London if only to see Somerset House, St. Paul's and St. Stephen's, Walbrook." Just behind the Mansion House, in the ancient by-way called Walbrook, stands hidden away the church of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, planned by Sir Christopher Wren. Its name recalls one of the little streams of the London of centuries ago, called the Brook by the Wall. Outwardly the only thing to take notice of is the shop which has been built into its side, and it is a surprise to note its lofty dome as seen from within. The Corporation was very proud of St. Stephen's when it was first built, and after many expressions of gratitude as to the skill and economy evidenced by the great architect, presented Lady Wren with a purse of ten guineas. [Pg 10] On the tower of the Royal Exchange rests a great gilded grasshopper, eleven feet in length, put up when the Exchange, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham, was built. It has been there for more than three hundred years. The Great Fire of 1666 destroyed the building, but the metal grasshopper was rescued from the ruins and raised above the dome when a new structure was erected. In 1838 the Exchange was again burned, but the tower on which the emblem rests was saved. The grasshopper was believed to cast a spell of enchantment, insuring riches and good fortune, at least so the old Romans used to think. Close by the Mansion House the street called Poultry ends. This homely name has clung to it for more than three hundred years, ever since the poulterers had their chief market here. Where the house numbered 31 stands, Thomas Hood, who wrote the "Bridge of Sighs," was born in 1799. Elaborate terra cotta panels on the house No. 14, commemorate the royal processions that passed through Poultry in 1546, 1561, 1660 and 1844. [Pg 11] The thoroughfare called Old Jewry was occupied by the Jews whom William I. brought over from Rouen, and came by its name from a synagogue which was located in this street up to the time of the persecution of the Jews in 1291. Bucklersbury enters from the south where Poultry ends and Cheapside begins, taking its name from the Bukerels, quite a famous family of the 13th century, one member of whom was made the Lord Mayor. The thoroughfare was for centuries a market place for fruits and herbs, and here dealers in medicines and drugs had their shops. In "The Merry Wives of Windsor," Shakespeare tells of those who smell like Bucklersbury in simple time. At this end of Bucklersbury there stood, in the middle of the road, set up in 1285, the Great Conduit or cistern, round, and of stone, to which water was brought underground in leaden pipes from Paddington. Beside the Great Conduit, Jack Cade, the Kentish rebel, beheaded Lord Say, the king's favourite. Here Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed queen, here DeFoe was put in the [Pg 12] stocks and the Bishop of Exeter beheaded. After the Great Fire Bucklersbury market was no more. In Pudding Lane by London Bridge, in the year 1666, a fire started which has always been known as the Great Fire, for by it five-sixths of London within and without


Which chemist, engineer, and armaments manufacturer invented dynamite and a detonator for it and then founded a longstanding series of world prizes for, among other things, promoting peace?

scientist scientist From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Thomas Edison "Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration." – Thomas Alva Edison,  Harper's Monthly (September 1932 edition) Born Mary Stilwell (m. 1871–1884)  Mina Miller (m. 1886–1931) Children Marion Estelle Edison (1873–1965) Thomas Alva Edison Jr. (1876–1935) William Leslie Edison (1878–1937) Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–1896) Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871) Relatives Signature Edison as a boy Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an  American   inventor and  businessman . He developed many devices that greatly influenced  life  around the world, including the  phonograph , the  motion picture camera , and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb . Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first  inventors  to apply the principles of  mass production  and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited with the creation of the first industrial  research laboratory . [1] Edison is the fourth most  prolific inventor  in history, holding 1,093  US patents in his name , as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. He is credited with numerous inventions that contributed to  mass communication  and, in particular, telecommunications. These included a  stock ticker , a mechanical vote recorder, a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and  motion pictures . His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of his early career as a  telegraph operator. Edison developed a system of electric-power generation and distribution [2]  to homes, businesses, and factories – a crucial development in the modern industrialized world. His first  power station  was on Pearl Street in  Manhattan , New York. [2] Early life Thomas Edison was born in  Milan , Ohio, and grew up in  Port Huron , Michigan. He was the seventh and last child of Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–96, born in  Marshalltown, Nova Scotia , Canada) and Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871, born in  Chenango County, New York ). [3] [ citation needed ] His father had to escape from Canada because he took part in the unsuccessful  Mackenzie Rebellion  of 1837.[ citation needed ] Edison reported being of Dutch ancestry. [4] In school, the young Edison's mind often wandered, and his teacher, the Reverend Engle, was overheard calling him " addled ". This ended Edison's three months of official schooling. Edison recalled later, "My mother was the making of me. She was so true, so sure of me; and I felt I had something to live for, someone I must not disappoint." His mother taught him at home. [5] Much of his education came from reading R.G. Parker's  School of Natural Philosophy . Edison developed hearing problems at an early age. The cause of his deafness has been attributed to a bout of  scarlet fever  during childhood and recurring untreated middle-ear infections. Around the middle of his career, Edison attributed the hearing impairment to being struck on the ears by a train conductor when his chemical laboratory in a boxcar caught fire and he was thrown off the train in  Smiths Creek, Michigan , along with his apparatus and chemicals. In his later years, he modified the story to say the injury occurred when the conductor, in helping him onto a moving train, lifted him by the ears. [6] [7] Edison's family moved to  Port Huron , Michigan, after the railroad bypassed Milan in 1854 and business declined; [8]  his life there was bittersweet. He sold candy and newspapers on trains running from Port Huron to Detroit, and he sold vegetables to supplement his income. He also studied qualitative analysis, and conducted chemical experiments on the train until an accident prohibited further work of the kind. [9] He obtained the exclusive right to sell newspapers on the road, and, with the aid of four assistants, he set in type and printed the Grand Trunk Herald, which he sold with his other papers. [9]  This began Edison's long streak of entrepreneur


Who married actress Ta Leoni on 6 May 1997, announced their separation on 15 October 2008, and in September 2009 announced that they had reconciled?

June | 2011 | Kterrl's Video Favorites | Page 3 kterrls Video Favorites 9 people got busted on May 22, 2011 To See more of Who Got Busted In Memphis  click here. Who is Elizabeth Téa Pantaleoni?  The entertainment and acting world knows Tea Leoni as an American actress. She has starred in a wide range of films including Jurassic Park III , The Family Man , Deep Impact , Fun with Dick and Jane , Spanglish , Bad Boys and Ghost Town .  Early life Leoni was born February 25, 1966 in New York City, the daughter of Emily Ann (née Patterson), a dietician and nutritionist, and Anthony Pantaleoni, a corporate lawyer of the firm Fulbright & Jaworski . [1] [2] Leoni’s mother is a native of Texas, and her father is of Italian, English and Polish descent. [3] [4] [5] Leoni attended two private schools, Brearley School and The Putney School . She attended but did not complete studies at Sarah Lawrence College . Leoni’s paternal grandmother, Helenka Adamowska Pantaleoni (1900–87), was a film and stage actress who was a daughter of musicians Józef Adamowski and Antonina Szumowska-Adamowska, who, with Józef’s brother Tymoteusz Adamowski , were the Adamowski Trio. [5] [6] Leoni’s paternal great-grandfather was the brother of Italian economist and politician Maffeo Pantaleoni . [5] Career In 1988, Leoni was cast as one of the stars of Angels 88, an updated version of the 1970s show Charlie’s Angels . In May 1988, Life magazine ran a story on the casting of this new series. After production delays, the show never aired. The following year, Leoni starred as “Lisa DiNapoli” in the TV daytime drama Santa Barbara . Leoni went on to appear in the women’s baseball film A League of Their Own in 1992. Later in the year, she starred with Corey Parker in the single-season Fox sitcom Flying Blind , playing a beautiful, eccentric, downtown- Manhattan libertine who falls in love with an ordinary Long Island college graduate. In February 1995, she appeared in the sitcom Frasier as the fiance of Sam Malone , portrayed by guest star Ted Danson , in a crossover from Cheers . Leoni also landed the lead role in the sitcom The Naked Truth , playing Nora Wilde, a tabloid news journalist. The show ran through 1998. In the 2000 episode of the The X-Files “ Hollywood A.D. ” (season 7, episode 19), Leoni played an actress portraying Dana Scully in a movie under her own name. Leoni’s film work includes a lead role in Deep Impact , a big-budget disaster film about a comet menacing Earth; and Jurassic Park III , The Family Man , Bad Boys and You Kill Me . She starred as a film studio executive in Hollywood Ending for director Woody Allen , portraying his ex-wife, and in Spanglish as the emotionally unstable wife of Adam Sandler . Leoni ranked #79 on the FHM “100 Sexiest Women of 2000” list. [7] Personal life Leoni stated in the October 27, 2006 issue of Life magazine that she became a Goodwill ambassador for UNICEF partially because her paternal grandmother was the president of the U.S. Fund for UNICEF for 25 years. Neil Joseph Tardio, Jr Leoni married her first husband, Neil Joseph Tardio, Jr., a television commercial producer, on June 8, 1991, at St. Luke’s Episcopal Church in Hope, New Jersey . [8] Leoni married her second husband, actor David Duchovny , on May 6, 1997, after a nine-week courtship. Their first child, daughter Madelaine West Duchovny, was born on April 24, 1999, in Southern California . Their second child, a son, Kyd Miller Duchovny, was born on June 15, 2002 in Los Angeles. On October 15, 2008, Leoni and Duchovny confirmed that they had been separated “for several months.” The media attributed the separation to Duchovny’s much publicized sexual addiction. [9] The couple have since publicly reconciled and are seen frequently together as a family. [10] Filmography Who is Joseph Frank Pesci ? The entertainment and movie world knows Joe Pesci as an American actor , comedian, singer and musician. Usually known for his roles as violent mobsters or lovable funnymen, Pesci has starred in a number of high profile films such as Goodfellas , Casin


Which was the first Soviet Union republic to establish its independence when the Soviet Union was dissolving?

Fall of the Soviet Union - Cold War - HISTORY.com Fall of the Soviet Union Fall of the Soviet Union Author Fall of the Soviet Union URL A+E Networks Introduction On Christmas Day 1991, the Soviet flag flew over the Kremlin in Moscow for the last time. A few days earlier, representatives from 11 Soviet republics (Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) met in the Kazakh city of Alma-Ata and announced that they would no longer be part of the Soviet Union. Instead, they declared they would establish a Commonwealth of Independent States. Because the three Baltic republics (Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia) had already declared their independence from the USSR, only one of its 15 republics, Georgia, remained. The once-mighty Soviet Union had fallen, largely due to the great number of radical reforms that Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev had implemented during his six years as the leader of the USSR. However, Gorbachev was disappointed in the dissolution of his nation and resigned from his job on December 25. It was a peaceful end to a long, terrifying and sometimes bloody epoch in world history. Google The Origins and Evolution of the Soviet State The Soviet state was born in 1917. That year, the revolutionary Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian czar and established a socialist state in the territory that had once belonged to the Russian empire. In 1922, Russia proper joined its far-flung republics in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The first leader of this Soviet state was the Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin . Did You Know? In 1988, Time magazine selected Mikhail Gorbachev to be its “Man of the Year” for his work toward ending the Cold War. The next year, it named him its “Man of the Decade.” In 1990, Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize. The Soviet Union was supposed to be “a society of true democracy,” but in many ways it was no less repressive than the czarist autocracy that preceded it. It was ruled by a single party–the Communist Party–that demanded the allegiance of every Russian citizen. After 1924, when the dictator Joseph Stalin came to power, the state exercised totalitarian control over the economy, administering all industrial activity and establishing collective farms. It also controlled every aspect of political and social life. People who argued against Stalin’s policies were arrested and sent to labor camps or executed. After Stalin’s death in 1953, Soviet leaders denounced his brutal policies but maintained the Community Party’s power. They focused in particular on the Cold War with Western powers, engaging in a costly and destructive “arms race” with the United States while exercising military force to suppress anticommunism and extend its hegemony in Eastern Europe. Mikhail Gorbachev’s Glasnost and Perestroika In March 1985, a longtime Communist Party politician named Mikhail Gorbachev assumed the leadership of the USSR He inherited a stagnant economy and a political structure that made reform all but impossible. Gorbachev introduced two sets of policies that he hoped would help the USSR become a more prosperous, productive nation. The first of these was known as glasnost, or political openness. Glasnost eliminated traces of Stalinist repression, like the banning of books and the omnipresent secret police, and gave new freedoms to Soviet citizens. Political prisoners were released. Newspapers could print criticisms of the government. For the first time, parties other than the Communist Party could participate in elections. The second set of reforms was known as perestroika, or economic restructuring. The best way to revive the Soviet economy, Gorbachev thought, was to loosen the government’s grip on it. He believed that private initiative would lead to innovation, so individuals and cooperatives were allowed to own businesses for the first time since the 1920s. Workers were given the right to strike for better wages and conditions. Gorbachev also encouraged foreign investment in Soviet enterprises. How


Aspartame Aspartame What is aspartame? Aspartame is one of the most common artificial sweeteners in use today. It is sold under the brand names NutraSweet® and Equal®. Aspartame is made by joining together the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are found naturally in many foods. Aspartame is used in many foods and beverages because it is about 200 times sweeter than sugar, so much less of it can be used to give the same level of sweetness. This, in turn, lowers the calories in the food or beverage. Rumors claiming that aspartame causes a number of health problems, including cancer, have been around for many years. Many of these continue to circulate on the Internet. How are people exposed to aspartame? Aspartame has been used in the United States since the early 1980s. It is now found in thousands of different food products. Aspartame is commonly used as a tabletop sweetener, as a sweetener in prepared foods and beverages, and in recipes that do not require too much heating (since heat breaks down aspartame). It can also be found as a flavoring in some medicines. In the body, aspartame is broken down into phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol. Methanol can be toxic in high amounts, but the amounts that result from the breakdown of aspartame is lower than with many “natural” foods. For example, drinking a liter of diet soda would lead to consumption of 55 milligrams (mg) of methanol, as compared to as much as 680 mg of methanol from a liter of fruit juice. Phenylalanine and aspartic acid are amino acids and are naturally present in many foods that contain protein. They do not cause health problems in most people. However people with the disease phenylketonuria (discussed in more detail later on) need to restrict their intake of phenylalanine, and so are usually counseled to avoid aspartame. How is aspartame regulated? In the United States, artificial sweeteners such as aspartame are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products must be tested for safety and approved by the FDA before they can be used. The FDA also sets an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for each sweetener, which is the maximum amount considered safe to consume each day during a person's lifetime. The ADI is set to be about 100 times less than the smallest amount that might cause health concerns, based on studies done in lab animals. The FDA has set the ADI for aspartame at 50 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) of body weight. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which regulates food additives in the European Union, recommends a slightly lower ADI for aspartame, at 40 mg/kg. To put the ADI for aspartame in perspective, this would be 3,750 milligrams per day for a typical adult weighing 75 kilograms (about 165 pounds), far more than most adults take in daily. A 12 ounce can of diet soda usually contains about 192 milligrams of aspartame and a packet of the tabletop sweetener contains about 35mg. An adult weighing 165 pounds would have to drink more than 19 cans of diet soda a day or consume more than 107 packets to go over the recommended level. Does aspartame cause cancer? Researchers use 2 main types of studies to try to determine if a substance or exposure causes cancer. (A substance that causes cancer or helps cancer grow is called a carcinogen.) In studies done in the lab, animals are exposed to a substance (often in very large doses) to see if it causes tumors or other health problems. It's not always clear if the results from these types of studies will apply to humans, but lab studies are the best way to find out if a substance has the potential to cause cancer in humans before widespread exposure occurs. Another type of study looks at cancer rates in different groups of people. Such a study might compare the cancer rate in a group exposed to a substance versus the rate in a group not exposed to it, or compare it to what the expected cancer rate would be in the general population. But studies in people can sometimes be hard to interpret, because there may be ot


"A hit single for Queen was ""Radio ... What?"""

Queen - Queen - Gold Radio Freddie: September 5th 1946 in Zanzibar, Tanzania (died November 24th, 1991) Brian: July 19th 1947 in - Twickenham, England Roger: July 26th 1949 in - Norfolk, England John: August 19th 1951 in - Leicester, England  Career Highlights: Their biggest selling single is Bohemian Rhapsody, which held the number one spot for nine weeks. It was later re-released in 1991 following Freddie Mercury’s death, and it became the first single in history to reach number 1 in the UK singles chart twice. Bohemian Rhapsody was used in the 1992 film "Wayne's World", in a scene that featured the characters head-banging to the song in a car. The hit 'Radio Ga Ga' reached number 1 in 19 countries. In 1981 they became the first band to make a stadium tour of South America. Number 1 singles include Under Pressure and Bohemian Rhapsody. They performed at Live Aid in 1985 which was watched by around 400 million people worldwide. The band wrote the score for feature film 'Flash Gordon'. The band were awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2002. Queen and Ben Elton wrote the West End musical 'We Will Rock You', which has just celebrated it's 8th anniversary at the Dominion Theatre in London. In 2001 they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2004, the band got together with singer Paul Rodgers and embarked on a worldwide tour as Queen and Paul Rodgers.


Baja California is part of which country?

Baja California - Mexico - HISTORY.com Baja California A+E Networks Introduction Tourists flock to Baja California—separated from the rest of Mexico by the Sea of Cortez—to visit its stunning shoreline and test their mettle at sport fishing. The state’s border crossing at Tijuana is the busiest in all of Mexico. The international port of Ensenada, located on the Pacific coast, is a regular stop for cruise ships. Since it is the only deepwater port in Baja California, it acts as the primary hub for importing and exporting goods throughout the region. History Early History Before the Spaniards arrived, the peninsula of Baja California was inhabited by three major ethnic groups: the Cochimí in the north, the Guaycura in the central section and the Pericú on the southern cape. Archaeological artifacts suggest that these tribes inhabited the peninsula and Cedros Island as early as 9,000-10,000 years ago. The Cochimí, who lived on the mainland, were hunters and gatherers, but an isolated group of Cochimí living on Cedros Island developed a fairly complex agricultural system. The Guaycura and the Pericú lived by hunting, gathering and fishing. Their descendants still live in Baja California, primarily on the northernmost part of the peninsula. Did You Know? When the Spaniards arrived in the Baja California area in 1539, they believed they had reached a mythical island of female warriors governed by Queen Calafia. The earliest record of this myth appears in The Exploits of the Very Powerful Cavalier Esplandian, Son of the Excellent King Amadis of Gau, written by Garcia Ordonez de Montalvo 18 years earlier. Middle History After the Spanish conquered the Mexican mainland early in the 16th century, they began searching westward for a fabled island of gold. In 1532, the conquistador Hernán Cortés dispatched two fleets of ships to look for the island. When they failed to find it, Cortés decided to lead the search himself. In 1535, he landed north of La Paz (near the southern end of the Baja California peninsula) where he discovered black pearls but no gold. Cortés and his men returned to the mainland, only to launch another expedition in 1539 under the leadership of Captain Francisco de Ulloa. This time the Spaniards sailed the full length of the Sea of Cortés, discovering that Baja was actually a peninsula. Conflicting reports state that Ulloa was stabbed to death or lost at sea the following year; in either case, Cortés returned to Spain in 1541 without fully exploring or colonizing Baja California. In 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo ventured into the region, but it proved to be the last exploration for 50 years. Later, as trade grew between Mexico and the Philippines, it became clear that a supply station on the western coast of Baja California would provide a welcome refuge for ships arriving from the long Pacific voyage. Beginning in 1592, Sebastián Vizcaíno undertook two expeditions to establish such a station, but he was unsuccessful because of repeated native resistance. In fact, a supply station would not be established in the area until 1730. In January 1683, the Spanish government provisioned three ships with 200 men and gave them a mandate to colonize the peninsula. The expedition, led by Sinaloa’s governor Isidro de Atondo y Antillón, sailed into the Sea of Cortés and attempted its first settlement at La Paz; however, hostility from local tribes forced the expedition to move on. When a second settlement failed for the same reason, the expedition returned to the mainland. Twelve years later, in 1695, a Jesuit priest named Juan María Salvatierra established the region’s first permanent Spanish settlement, the Misión Nuestra Señora de Loreto, which quickly became the peninsula’s religious and administrative capital. Its success enabled other Jesuits to introduce more missions throughout the area—a total of 23 over the next 70 years. However, King Carlos III of Spain became wary of the Jesuits’ growing power and, in 1767, ordered that they be expelled at gunpoint and returned to Spain immediately. The Franciscans moved into th


When archery was included for the first time at the Summer Olympics, in 1900, how many nations competed?

Archery - Summer Olympic Sport Archery Singapore 2010 adopts new sport formats 12 Aug 2010 Archery, one of the oldest sports still practiced, is closely linked to the development of civilisation. As a cultural advance, it was comparable to the discovery of fire and the invention of the wheel. Archery in battle In 1200 BC the Hittites and Assyrians shot their bows from chariots, becoming fearsome opponents in battle. They made their bows with tendon, horn and wood and also developed a new re-curved shape. This made their bows shorter and more powerful, making them easier to handle for an archer on horseback. A noble history Archery was the favourite sport of the Egyptian pharaohs during the 18th dynasty (1567-1320 BC). Many centuries later, some of the earliest recorded archery tournaments took place during the Zhou (Chou) dynasty (1027- 256 BC) in China. Such events were attended by Chinese nobility. Much later, English writers honoured the longbow for famous contributions to their country’s victories in the battles of Crécy, Agincourt and Poitiers. Most decorated archer Archery first appeared in the Olympic Games in 1900, was contested again in 1904, 1908 and 1920, then again, after an absence of 52 years, from 1972 to the present. The most decorated archer in Olympic history is Hubert Van Innis of Belgium who competed in 1900 and 1920, winning six gold and three silver medals.


Which 15th century Portuguese navigator discovered the sea route around the Cape of Good Hope?

Intro (English) to the Resolutions of Cape of Good Hope / History of the Cape of Good Hope of the Council of Policy of Cape of Good Hope History of the Cape of Good Hope A Portuguese discovers the sea route from Europe to India In August 1486 the Portuguese navigator, Bartholomeu Dias, set sail from the Tagus River at Lisbon with his fleet of two small vessels and a cargo ship. The objective of his journey was to sail round the southern point of Africa in order find a seaway and a trade route to India . At Angra Pequena (now Lüderitzbucht , Namibia ) he erected a cross. Then a tremendous storm forced his ships off course and he and his crew did not reach land until they entered the bay, which is known today as Mossel Bay . It was then that Dias realised that they had already passed the tip of Africa and had actually discovered the sea route to the East. The indigenous Khoi pastoralists fled when they saw the ships entering the bay. On the island of St. Croix near Algoa Bay he also erected a cross and probably kept on sailing until they reached the Fish River in the present Eastern Cape . There the small fleet had to turn back because of insufficient supplies on board. On his return voyage Dias, elated by the realisation of having discovered the sea route to India , changed the name Cabo Tormentoso ‘cape of storms’ to Cabo da boa Esperanza ‘cape of good hope’. Portugal continued the expansion of its Indian empire and Portuguese fleets to the East regularly passed the Cape . In 1498 Vasco da Gama named the above-mentioned bay where Dias landed Aguada de Sâo Bras ‘fountain-head of St. Blaize’. On his voyage to India (1501-1502) Joâo de Nova and his fleet also visited the bay and in his turn he named it Golfo dos Vaqueiros ‘bay of herdsmen’. He also built a small chapel, the first Christian structure erected in South Africa . De Nova continued his journey and reached Rio de la Goa ‘river of the lake’, the place that was named in 1544 by Lourenço Marques after himself. In 1503 one of the three squadrons belonging to this fleet was under the command of Antonio de Saldanha who made a navigational error and eventually reached the bay now known as Table Bay . In March 1510 the Portuguese viceroy Francisco d’ Almeida who had just established Portuguese authority in the Indian Ocean, and a number of his high-ranking officers were killed in Table Bay during a skirmish with a group of Khoi. The inhospitable coastline of Southern Africa was the most important reason why the Portuguese rulers were not interested in occupying this country.


Which country has borders with Iran, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and the People's Republic of China?

Turkmenistan Video gallery Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia that borders Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. It does not have access to an ocean, but does border the Caspian Sea. Date of independence (from USSR) – October 27th, 1991. Official language – Turkmen. Biggest cities – Ashgabat, Turkmenabat, Dashoguz, Balkanabat, Turkmenbashi, Merv. Form of government – Presidential republic. President – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow.


What is an abacus-like finger counting method used to perform basic mathematical operations, by which it is possible to display all numbers from 0 to 99 with both hands?

Chisenbop on Scratch Thanks goes to Ffred for the valuable co-operation and thanks to DrSuper and Dapontes for suggestions. -- Chisanbop or chisenbop (from Korean chi (ji) finger + sanpŏp (sanbeop) calculation) is an abacus-like finger counting method used to perform basic mathematical operations. According to The Complete Book of Chisanbop by Hang Young Pai, chisanbop was created in the 1940s in Korea by Sung Jin Pai and revised by his son Hang Young Pai. It was brought to the U.S. around 1977 by Hang Young Pai. With this method it is possible to display all numbers from 0 to 99 with both hands. The hands are held in a relaxed posture on or above a table. All fingers are floating off the table to begin with. The fingers are pressed into the table to indicate value. Each finger (but not the thumb) of the right hand has a value of one. Press the index finger of the right hand onto the table to indicate "one." Press the index and long fingers for two, the three leftmost fingers for three, and all four fingers of the right hand to indicate four. The thumb of the right hand holds the value five, like the top bead of a soroban or abacus. To place the value 6, press the right thumb and index finger onto the table. The thumb indicates 5 plus the 1 indicated by the finger. The left hand represents the tens digit. It works like the right hand, but each value is multiplied by ten. Each finger on the left hand represents ten, and the left thumb represents fifty. In this way, all values between 0 and 99 can be indicated on two hands. Chisanbop notation A proposed notation system for representing the numbers: . = a finger off the table o = a finger on the table - = a thumb off the table @ = a thumb on the table Values between zero and 9 are shown with the entire right hand: -.... = 0


Elton John co-wrote 5 songs with Tim Rice for which Walt Disney musical?

Aida | Disney Musical Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [Source] Aida (also known as Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida) is a musical with music by Elton John , lyrics by Tim Rice , and book by Linda Woolverton , Robert Falls, and David Henry Hwang, and produced by Walt Disney Theatrical . Aida premiered on Broadway on March 23, 2000, running for 1,852 performances until September 5, 2004 (34th longest running Broadway musical). The musical also ran from 2002–2003 and from 2006-2007 during two US national tours, and also ran in international productions which performed in 20 different countries, and is still performed in international productions, regional theatres, colleges and high schools. Aida was nominated for five Tony Awards and won four in 2000, including Best Musical Score and Best Performance by a Leading Actress. Aida was also named by Time Magazine in 2000 as one of the top ten theatre productions of the year. The First National tour was nominated for nine National Broadway Theatre awards (now "Touring Broadway Awards") and won five awards, including Best Musical, Best Direction, Best Actor, and Best Actress. The Aida (2000 Original Broadway Cast) Cast recording won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album. A song from Aida, "Written in the Stars" (recorded and sung by Elton John and LeAnn Rimes) reached No.2 in the Billboard US adult contemporary music charts, and No.1 in the Canadian contemporary charts. Contents Edit In the Egyptian wing of a modern museum, a man and a woman touring the exhibit catch each other's eyes. A statue of Amneris , a female Pharaoh, comes to life (" Every Story Is a Love Story ") and transports them to ancient Egypt, where Radames, captain of the Egyptian army, and his men are returning from an expedition through the land of Egypt's long-time enemy, Nubia (" Fortune Favors the Brave "). When his soldiers capture a group of Nubian women, he is captivated by one of the women, Aida , who tries to free herself by out-dueling one of his soldiers. Radames forces her to wash his back, but she refuses, saying that although the Egyptians took everything from the Nubians, they will never take their spirit (" The Past Is Another Land "). Radames saves her and the other women from the copper mines by sending them to the palace groundskeeper instead, but sends Aida as a handmaiden to his betrothed, Princess Amneris. Radames' father, Chief Minister Zoser, greets his son with news that the Pharaoh is dying, and Radames must prepare to become the next ruler of Egypt (" Another Pyramid "). Unbeknownst to Radames, his father is poisoning the Pharaoh in order to accelerate Radames' ascension to the throne. Radames's Nubian servant, Mereb, is a young man who has learned the tricks of survival in Egypt. While delivering Aida to the princess, Mereb recognizes her as the daughter of the Nubian king under whom he had served during his days in Nubia. She commands him to keep her identity a secret, lest the Egyptians kill her (" How I Know You "). Presented to Amneris, Aida is liked immediately, and she perceives that the Princess' love of fashion only serves as a mask of her insecurities (" My Strongest Suit "). At a banquet, Amneris and Radames learn from the Pharaoh that they are to marry in seven days, leaving the captain distraught that his days as an explorer have ended ("Fortune Favors the Brave (Reprise)"*). Together, he and Aida share their dreams and regrets (" Enchantment Passing Through "). Later that night, Amneris worries about her father's illness, and finds in Aida someone who understands and encourages her (" My Strongest Suit (Reprise) "). Bursting into his fiancée's chamber, Radames steals a moment with Aida to share his growing attraction to her. Aida is taken by Mereb to the Nubian camp, where she reluctantly submits to her people's pleas to lead them (" Dance of the Robe "). When she implores Radames to help the Nubians, he opens his heart by giving his possessions to them (" Not Me ") and declaring his love for Aida (" Elaborate Lives "). Unable to fight her feelings any longer, she fal


Who, legend has it, led Phoenicians to found Carthage?

Carthage: Ancient Phoenician City-State Carthage: Ancient Phoenician City-State By Owen Jarus, Live Science Contributor | October 24, 2012 12:41pm ET MORE Founded by a seafaring people known as the Phoenicians, the ancient city of Carthage, located in modern-day Tunis in Tunisia, was a major center of trade and influence in the western Mediterranean. The city fought a series of wars against Rome that would ultimately lead to its destruction. The Phoenicians were originally based in a series of city-states that extended from southeast Turkey to modern-day Israel. They were great seafarers with a taste for exploration. Accounts survive of its navigators reaching places as far afield as Northern Europe and West Africa. They founded settlements throughout the Mediterranean during the first millennium B.C.    Ruins at Carthage in Tunisia. Credit: Asta Plechaviciute shutterstock Carthage, whose Phoenician name was Qart Hadasht (new city), was one of those new settlements. It sat astride trade routes going east to west, across the Mediterranean, and north to south, between Europe and Africa. The people spoke Punic, a form of the Phoenician language. The two main deities at Carthage were Baal Hammon and his consort, Tanit. Richard Miles writes in his book Carthage Must Be Destroyed (Penguin Group, 2010) that the word Baal means “Lord” or “Master,” and Hammon may come from a Phoenician word meaning “hot” or “burning being.” Miles notes that Baal Hammon is often depicted with a crescent moon, while Tanit, his consort, is shown with outstretched arms. The city The earliest archaeological evidence of occupation at Carthage dates to about 760 B.C. The settlement quickly grew to encompass a 25-30 hectare (61-74 acres) residential area surrounded by a necropolis (graveyard), notes Roald Docter, of Ghent University. Within a century the settlement would have city walls, harbor installations and a “Tophet,” a controversial installation in the southeast of the city that may have been used for child sacrifice (it could simply have been a special burial ground). A great marketplace (which the Greeks called an “agora”) also developed and, in later centuries, was located by the sea, writes University of Sydney professor Dexter Hoyos in his book, The Carthaginians (Routledge, 2010). “Besides its role as a market, it would be the obvious place for magistrates to assemble the citizens for elections and lawmaking,” he writes. By 500 B.C., the city’s system of government, as suggested by the large marketplace, was a republic of sorts. Hoyos notes that the Carthaginians had two elected sufetes (the Greeks called them kings) that served along with a senate, citizen assembly and pentarchies (five-person commissions). There was also an enigmatic body called the “court of 104” that occasionally crucified defeated Carthaginian generals. As with other ancient (and to some degree modern) republics, wealthy individuals from powerful families had the advantage in getting into office. Nevertheless, the combination of trade opportunities and republican structure appears to have had some success at Carthage. In the second century B.C., just before it was destroyed by Rome, the city boasted a population estimated at more than half a million people. As the city grew, so did its external influence, with evidence of involvement in places such as Sardinia, Spain and Sicily, entanglements that would ultimately lead to conflict with Rome. Legendary foundation It wasn’t unusual for large cities in the ancient world to have elaborate foundation myths, and Greek and Roman writers had a tale for Carthage, one set more than 2,800 years ago. According to legend, Carthage was founded by Elissa (sometimes referred to as Dido), a queen of the Phoenician city of Tyre, located in modern-day Lebanon. When her father died she and her brother Pygmalion both ascended the throne. This did not work out well, with Pygmalion eventually ordering the execution of Elissa’s husband, the priest Acherbas. Elissa, along with a small group of settlers, would leave the city, sailing nearly 1,4


The Karnak Temple Complex, a conglomeration of ruined temples, chapels, pylons and other buildings, is near where?

Karnak | Religion-wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Karnak 3D - 4000 years of eternity align=right The complex is a vast open-air museum and the largest ancient religious site in the world. It probably is the second most visited historical site in Egypt, second only to the Giza Pyramids near Cairo. It consists of four main parts (precincts), of which only the largest, the Precinct of Amun-Re , currently is open to the general public. The term Karnak often is understood as being the Precinct of Amun-Re only, because this is the only part most visitors normally see. The three other parts, the Precinct of Mut , the Precinct of Montu, and the dismantled Temple of Amenhotep IV , are closed to the public. There also are a few smaller temples and sanctuaries located outside the enclosing walls of the four main parts, as well as several avenues of goddess and ram-headed sphinxes connecting the Precinct of Mut, the Precinct of Amun-Re, and the Luxor Temple. The Precinct of Mut is very ancient, being dedicated to an Earth and creation deity, but not yet restored. The original temple was destroyed and partially restored by Hatsheput, although another pharaoh built around it in order to change the focus or orientation of the sacred area. Many portions of it may have been carried away for use in other buildings. The key difference between Karnak and most of the other temples and sites in Egypt is the length of time over which it was developed and used. Construction of temples started in the Middle Kingdom and continued through to Ptolemaic times. Approximately thirty pharaohs contributed to the buildings, enabling it to reach a size, complexity, and diversity not seen elsewhere. Few of the individual features of Karnak are unique, but the size and number of features are overwhelming. The deities represented range from some of the earliest worshiped to those worshiped much later in the history of the Ancient Egyptian culture. Although destroyed, it also contained an early temple built by Amenhotep IV, the pharaoh who later would celebrate a near monotheistic religion he established that prompted him to move his court and religious center away from Thebes. It also contains evidence of adaptations, using buildings of the Ancient Egyptians by later cultures for their own religious purposes. One of most famous aspects of Karnak, is the Hypostyle Hall in the Precinct of Amun-Re, a hall area of 50,000 sq ft (5,000 m2) with 134 massive columns arranged in 16 rows. 122 of these columns are 10 meters tall, and the other 12 are 21 meters tall with a diameter of over three meters. The architraves on top of these columns are estimated to weigh 70 tons. These architraves may have been lifted to these heights using levers. This would be an extremely time-consuming process and also would require great balance to get to such great heights. A common alternative theory about how they were moved is that there were large ramps made of sand mud brick or stone and the stones were towed up the ramps. If they used stone for the ramps they would have been able to build the ramps with much less material. The top of the ramps presumably would have either wooden tracks or cobblestones for towing the megaliths. There is an unfinished pillar in an out of the way location that indicated how it would have been finished. Final carving was executed after the drums were put in place so that it was not damaged while being placed. [2] [3] Several experiments moving megaliths with ancient technology were made at other locations. In 2009 UCLA launched a website dedicated to virtual reality digital reconstructions of the Karnak complex and other resources. [4] History Main article: History of the Karnak Temple complex The history of the Karnak complex is largely the history of Thebes and its changing role in the culture. Religious centers varied by region and with the establishment of the current capital of the unified culture that changed several times. The city of Thebes does not appear to have been of great significance before the Eleventh Dynasty and previous temple buildi


What was the title of Britney Spears' second album (and the single that was released from it)?

Britney Spears on Apple Music To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. Biography More than any other single artist, Britney Spears was the driving force behind the return of teen pop in the late '90s. The blockbuster success of the Spice Girls and Backstreet Boys certainly paved the way for her own commercial breakthrough, but Spears didn't just become a star -- she was a bona fide pop phenomenon. Not only did she sell millions of records, she was a media fixture regardless of what she was (or wasn't) doing; among female singers of the era (many of whom followed in her footsteps), her celebrity star power was rivaled only by Jennifer Lopez. From the outset, Spears' sex appeal was an important part of her image. The video for her debut single, "...Baby One More Time," outfitted her in full Catholic-school regalia and sent her well on the way to becoming an international sex symbol. Yet Spears' handlers seemed to be trying to have it both ways -- there was a definite tension between the wholesome innocence Spears tried to project for her female audience and the titillating sexuality that enticed so many male fans. Those marketing tactics made Spears a somewhat controversial figure, the subject of endless debates concerning appropriate role models for teenage girls. Early on, Spears tried to defuse the controversy by preaching abstinence until marriage, and even denied that she was consciously cultivating such a sexualized image. Of course, the more provocative and revealing her on-stage wardrobe became, the less plausible that claim seemed. But apart from her ability to tiptoe the line between virginal coquette and brazen tart, Spears had a secret weapon in Swedish pop mastermind Max Martin, who had a hand in the vast majority of her hits as a writer and/or producer. With Martin crafting the sort of contemporary dance-pop and sentimental ballads that made stars of the Backstreet Boys, Spears kept on delivering the goods commercially, as her first three albums all topped the charts. Britney Jean Spears was born December 2, 1981, in the small town of Kentwood, Louisiana, and began performing as a singer and dancer at a young age. With a nationally televised appearance on Star Search already under her belt, Spears auditioned for the Disney Channel's The New Mickey Mouse Club at age eight. The producers turned her down as too young, but one of them took an interest and introduced her to an agent in New York. Spears spent the next three years studying at the Professional Performing Arts School, and also appeared in several television commercials and off-Broadway plays. At 11, she returned to The New Mickey Mouse Club for a second audition, and this time made the cut. Although her fellow Mouseketeers included an impressive array of future stars -- *NSYNC's Justin Timberlake and JC Chasez, Christina Aguilera, and Felicity actress Keri Russell -- the show was canceled after Spears' second season. She returned to New York at age 15 and set about auditioning for pop bands and recording demo tapes, one of which eventually landed her a deal with Jive Records. Spears entered the studio with top writer/producers like Eric Foster White (Boyzone, Whitney Houston, Backstreet Boys) and Max Martin (Ace of Base, Backstreet Boys, *NSYNC). In late 1998, Jive released her debut single, the Martin-penned "...Baby One More Time." Powered by its video, in which Spears and a troupe of dancers were dressed as Catholic-school jailbait, the single shot to the top of the Billboard charts. When Spears' debut album of the same title was released in early 1999, it entered the charts at number one and stayed there for six weeks. Once the ubiquitous lead single died down, the album kept spinning off hits: the Top Ten "(You Drive Me) Crazy," the near-Top 20 ballad "Sometimes," and the Top 20 "From the Bottom of My Broken Heart." By the end of 1999, ...Baby One More Time had sold ten million copies, and went on to sell a good three million more on top of that. Its success touched off a wave of young pop d


"Shakespeare's ""King Lear"" is set in which country?"

SparkNotes: King Lear: Key Facts King Lear full title  ·  The Tragedy of King Lear author  · William Shakespeare time and place written  · England, 1604–1605 date of first publication  · First Folio edition, 1623 publisher  · John Heminge and Henry Condell, two senior members of Shakespeare’s acting troupe narrator  · Not applicable (drama) climax  · Gloucester’s blinding in Act 3, scene 7 protagonist  · Lear, king of Britain antagonists  · Lear’s daughters Goneril and Regan; Edmund, the bastard son of Gloucester setting (time)  · Eighth century b.c. setting (place)  · Various locations in England foreshadowing  · Goneril and Regan’s plotting in Act 1 foreshadows their later cruel treatment of Lear. tone  · Serious and tragic; the occasional bursts of comedy are uniformly dark themes  · Justice, authority versus chaos, reconciliation, redemption motifs  · Madness, betrayal, death symbols  · Weather plays an important symbolic role in the play, notably in Act 3, when the tremendous thunderstorm over the heath symbolizes Lear’s rage and mounting insanity; the actual blindness of Gloucester symbolizes the moral blindness that plagues both Lear and Gloucester himself in their dealings with their children; the “wheel” of fortune is another symbol by means of which Edmund, at the end of the play, conceives of his fall from power back into insignificance. More Help


How many theses were nailed to a church door by Martin Luther in 1517 (generally accepted to be the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, on All Saints Eve, 31 October)?

Reformation Day: Did Martin Luther really nail 95 theses on the castle door? |    AL.com Reformation Day: Did Martin Luther really nail 95 theses on the castle door? Martin Luther hammer.jpg In the current issue of First Things Journal , Samford University Beeson Divinity School Dean Timothy George takes a look back at Martin Luther on Reformation Day: By Timothy George It was around two o'clock in the afternoon on the eve of the Day of All Saints, October 31, 1517, when Martin Luther, hammer in hand, approached the main north door of the Schlosskirche (Castle Church) in Wittenberg. There he nailed up his Ninety-Five Theses protesting the abuse of indulgences in the teaching and practice of the Church of his day. In remembrance of this event, millions of Christians still celebrate this day as the symbolic beginning of the Protestant Reformation. October 31 is not a day for the ghosts and ghouls of Halloween but a time to remember the Reformation, especially what Luther wrote in thesis sixty-two: "The true treasure of the church is the most holy gospel of the glory and grace of God." But did this event really happen? Erwin Iserloh, a Catholic Reformation scholar, attributed the story of the theses-posting to later myth-making. He pointed to the fact that the story was first told by Philip Melanchthon long after Luther's death. Other Luther scholars rushed to defend the historicity of the hammer blows of Wittenberg. In fact, the door of the Castle Church did serve as the official university bulletin board and was regularly used for exactly the kind of announcement Luther made when he called for a public disputation on indulgences. But whether the event happened at two o'clock in the afternoon--or at all--is not the point. Copies of Luther's theses were soon distributed by humanist scholars all over Europe. Within just a few weeks, an obscure Augustinian monk in a backwater university town had become a household name and was the subject of chatter from Lisbon to Lithuania. Today in Germany, Catholic and Protestant scholars alike are once again studying the Ninety-Five Theses and Luther's lengthy explanations of them. This ecumenical study project is in view of the 500th anniversary commemoration of the Reformation in 2017. It was not Luther's intention to divide the Church, much less to start a brand new church. To the end of his life, he considered himself to be a faithful and obedient servant of the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. Though Luther renounced his monastic vows and married a former nun, Katarina von Bora, he never forgot that he had received a doctorate in Holy Scripture. His vocation was to teach the written Word of God and to point men and women to the Lord of Scripture, Jesus Christ. On this Reformation Day, it is good to remember that Martin Luther belongs to the entire Church, not only to Lutherans and Protestants, just as Thomas Aquinas is a treasury of Christian wisdom for faithful believers of all denominations, not simply for Dominicans and Catholics. This point was recognized not long ago by Franz-Josef Hermann Bode, the Catholic Bishop of Osnabruck in northern Germany, when he preached on Luther at an ecumenical service. "It's fascinating," he said, "just how radically Luther puts God at the center." Luther taught that every human being at every moment of life stands absolutely coram deo, before God, confronted face-to-face by God. This led him to confront the major misunderstanding in the Church of his day that grace and forgiveness of sins could be bought and sold like wares in the market. "The focus on Christ, the Bible and the authentic Word are things that we as the Catholic Church today can only underline," Bode said. The bishop's views reflect the ideas of many other Catholic theologians since the Second Vatican Council as Luther's teachings, especially his esteem for the Word of God, have come to be appreciated in a way that would have been unthinkable just a century ago. The year 2014 marks the fifteenth anniversary of the Joint Declaration of Justification between the Lutheran


"Who created and hosts the TV series ""America's Next Top Model""?"

America's Next Top Model - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com America's Next Top Model Friday 9:00 PM on The CW Premiered May 20, 2003 In Season USER EDITOR EDIT Created by world-renowned supermodel Tyra Banks, who executive produces the series with Ken Mok, America's Next Top Model chronicles the transformation of everyday young women into potentially fierce supermodels. Fourteen participants will live together and vie for the incredible grand prize: an opportunity to be managed by Wilhelmina Models, a fashion spread in Seventeen magazine, and a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl Cosmetics. This Is Us The Big Day NEW Fresh Off the Boat The Best of Orlando NEW The Real O'Neals The Real Acceptance NEW NCIS: New Orleans Let It Ride NEW Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. The Patriot NEW More Info About This Show Categories Themes for women,       rags to riches,       beautiful people,       sexy host,       Fashion & Beauty Important: You must only upload images which you have created yourself or that you are expressly authorised or licensed to upload. By clicking "Publish", you are confirming that the image fully complies with TV.com’s Terms of Use and that you own all rights to the image or have authorization to upload it. Please read the following before uploading Do not upload anything which you do not own or are fully licensed to upload. The images should not contain any sexually explicit content, race hatred material or other offensive symbols or images. Remember: Abuse of the TV.com image system may result in you being banned from uploading images or from the entire site – so, play nice and respect the rules! Choose background:


Which French singer and actress has been in a relationship with American actor Johnny Depp since 1998, with whom she has a daughter and a son?

Vanessa Paradis - YouTube Vanessa Paradis Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Dec 11, 2009 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3VwFr... Vanessa Chantal Paradis (born 22 December 1972) is a French singer and actress. She became a child star at 14 with the huge worldwide success of her single "Joe le taxi". Since then, she has accomplished a career in music, movies and modelling. Vanessa Paradis has been in a relationship with American actor Johnny Depp since 1998. They have a daughter, Lily-Rose Melody Depp (born 27 May 1999), and a son, John Christopher "Jack" Depp III (born 9 April 2002). They divide their time between houses in the Hollywood Hills and their farm in Île-de-France, South of France, a house in the village of Timsbury, Somerset, and also own apartments in Paris, Manhattan and an island in the Bahamas. Paradis' 2000 album Bliss, another French chart topper, was dedicated to Depp and their daughter. Paradis has a sister, actress Alysson Paradis, who is younger by 10 years and has starred in many French horror films. The actor and film producer, Didier Pain, is their uncle. Category


"Where was the area known as ""The Spanish Main?"

Spanish Main | historical region, South America and Caribbean Sea | Britannica.com historical region, South America and Caribbean Sea Written By: Mauryan empire Spanish Main, Northern coast of South America . The term refers to an area that was once under Spanish control and spanned roughly between the Isthmus of Panama and the delta of the Orinoco River . The term can also refer to the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters, especially when referring to the period when the region was troubled by pirates. Learn More in these related articles: Panama country of Central America located on the Isthmus of Panama, the narrow bridge of land that connects North and South America. Embracing the isthmus and more than 1,600 islands off its Atlantic and Pacific coasts, the tropical nation is renowned as the site of the Panama Canal, which cuts through... Orinoco River major river of South America that flows in a giant arc for some 1,700 miles (2,740 km) from its source in the Guiana Highlands to its mouth on the Atlantic Ocean. Throughout most of its course it flows through Venezuela, except for a section that forms part of the frontier between Venezuela and... Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Historical region, South America and Caribbean Sea Tips for Editing Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: August 06, 2013 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Spanish-Main Access Date: January 19, 2017 Share


Spain has been through the upheaval of civil war more than once; what were the dates of the war in the 20th century?

Spanish Civil War tours in Barcelona Spanish Civil War tours in Barcelona   See also  Green Barcelona tour Spanish Civil War tours around Barcelona visiting some of the key sites in the city between 1936-1939. The tours cover themes such as Anarchism, George Orwell, the realities of daily life and bombing. We hope this is a different way of looking at the city. Contact (spanishcivilwartours@gmail.com). Client comments here below or many others here on Tripadvisor  See also review in The Guardian here Cost: -25 euros for 4 hour tour. Children under 11 = free, 11-15 =12 euros. (please note children are more than welcome but only recommended for those really interested in history). -Private/schools tours: from 290 euros (please specify if you want a private tour when contacting me) PLEASE NOTE; I’m away for a few days over Christmas and I won’t be able to do a tour until 4 January which I’m afraid is now full. Next tour with free places would 7 January. Otherwise, Ricard Martinez a colleague of mine is running his own excellent tour “Fighting Gazes” – a walking tour around the city as seen through the eyes of international photojournalists who witnessed the Spanish Civil War.  If you are interested his email is ricard@arqueologiadelpu ntdevis 2017 Dates, times and booking: -Spanish Civil War tour: Saturday, Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday: 10.00-1400 approx.  January-February not all above days. Depends on week -Green Barcelona. Urban wildlife and history tour Most days and by appointment.  More Please book in advance to avoid disappointment. Contact  for meeting point and to book (info@spanishcivilwartours.com) Guides are Nick Lloyd and Catherine Howley Tour 1. Gothic Quarter and Rambles 4 hours . This walking tour gives an overview of all the issues in the Civil War in Barcelona told chronologically from the 1936 failed military coup to the fall of the city to Franco’s forces in 1939. Many of the key events of the war took place in this area. For example the defeat of the rebellion, and most of the events described by George Orwell in the city.  Contact  for meeting point and to book (info@spanishcivilwartours.com) Tour 2. Urban wildlife tour Cost: 20 euros/person/3 hours plus.This guided walk with biologist Monica Navarro takes us around some of the most beautiful corners of Montjüic park, looking at the wildlife that lives in this dense Mediterranean city. It also looks at cultural aspects such as Cerdà’s vision of a green city, the wild inspiration behind Guadí’s Sagrada Familia and the history of Montjuic including the shanty towns and quarries that once covered much of the hill. More Contact for meeting point and to book (info@spanishcivilwartours.com) Tour 3. Montjuïc mass grave [Not available at the moment] This is centred on Montjuic cemetery and the Fossar de la Pedrera, one of the most moving places in Barcelona and unique in the whole of Spain. The bodies of more than 1700 executed Republicans were dumped here during the 1940s. Today, this abandoned quarry functions as a space of memory for the victims of the Civil War. The tour focuses on the Francoist repression, but also on themes such as the International Brigades and the Spaniards in the Holocaust. We will also visit the graves of Durruti and Lluís Companys. The Fossar is a very atmospheric place COMPLETELY off the beaten track. The tour ends back in the city in a bar. I also do this tour in Catalan and Spanish with “Cementaris de Barcelona”.  Here’s a write-up by someone who recently came on the tour in Spanish   which if you don’t understand at least you’ll get an idea of the place. Themes covered by tours Disenchantment and defeat. Francoism: repression, restistance and exile Background After the military coup was defeated  in July 1936 Barcelona was engulfed by a unique libertarian revolution, which would be crushed barely 10 months later with the rise of Stalinism, as is brilliantly described by Orwell in Homage to Catalonia. It was also one of the first cities in the world to be systematically bombed, and the first to build a large number of air-ra


How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? | eNotes How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? like 9 dislike 1 Answer Mercury and Venus have no moons. Earth, of course, has just one moon, Luna. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos. Jupiter has a total of 67 moons, including the famous “Galilean moons” Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto; Saturn has 62, of which Titan is the most massive and the most famous; Uranus has 27, all named after Shakespeare and Alexander Pope characters; and Neptune has 14, of which Triton is the most massive. Pluto, which is considered a dwarf planet, has five moons. caledon | High School Teacher | (Level 3) Senior Educator Posted on Our data has improved considerably in the last 20 years. Mercury: no moons Earth: 1 moon Mars: 2 moons, Phobos, Deimos Jupiter: 67 moons, some of which do not yet have proper names. The most famous are the Galilean moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. Saturn: 62 moons, some of which do not yet have proper names. The most famous, by far, is Titan, which is significantly more massive than any other Saturnian moon. Uranus: 27 moons, all of which are named after characters in the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. Five are well known; Titania, Oberon, Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel Neptune: 14 moons, the most massive by far being Triton. While Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Orcus and Quaoar are considered dwarf planets, they nevertheless have moons. Pluto: 5 moons, Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, Styx Eris: 1 moon, Dysnomia Haumea: 2 moons, Hi'iaka, Namaka Orcus: 1 moon, Vanth


What is another name for the throw, or toe, line in a darts game?

Darts | Dart Games | Dart Rules The Setup Choosing A Location: The proper place to hang a dart board can be a difficult choice: The area should be a low-traffic area to decrease the risk of injuries. There should be nothing breakable 2-3 feet on either side of the board and preferably nowhere near the board at all. Darts can bounce 8 feet or more off the board. You need an empty area roughly 5 feet wide and 11 feet long. Although you can throw over items in the area, it can be VERY distracting. It is also annoying walking an obstacle course each time you pull your darts out of the board. The floor should be considered in several ways: A concrete, stone or tile floor will break darts and dull the points. A wood floor will get lots of holes in it around the front of the board. Linoleum or vinyl flooring will also get alot of holes. Carpet will show ALOT of wear from the traffic between the board and the line. You will need to mark the throw line with either tape, a sticker, or a screwed down wood or metal bar. Taking all this into consideration, you might want to think about purchasing a "dart mat". This is a roll out rubber mat that serves several functions. It protect the dart from breaking and dulling, it protects the floor and marks the proper distance to the throw line. There should be adequate room for spectators and players when they are not throwing. There needs to be a place for a score board in sight from the line, preferably right next to the board. Hanging The Board: The board needs to be hung exactly 5 foot 8 inches from the floor to the CENTER OF THE BULLSEYE. Good quality boards are hung from the center, making this measurement easy. If you have a board that hangs from the top, you will have to measure the distance from the center of the bullseye to the hanger and add that to the height. If a back board is used to protect the wall around the board, this will also have to be centered around the board. Marking The Throw Line: The throw line (also known as the oche, toe-line or hockey) should be about 3 feet wide. It may be made of tape, a store bought throw-line sticker, a piece of wood or metal. It should be placed exactly 7 foot 9 and 1/4 inches from the FACE of the board for a standard steel-tipped setup. For soft-tipped darts, the line should be 8 feet from the FACE of the board. (NOTE: Some British pubs use an 8 foot or 8 foot 6 inch measurement for steel tip darts.) To measure from the face of the board, have someone hold a plumb line from the bottom-front of the board to the floor. If you don't have a plumb line, you can use a piece of string with a pencil or dart tied to one end. Make sure the throw line is exactly perpendicular to the face of the board and centered with the board. This can be accomplished by measuring from the bullseye to each corner of the line. sservanNO-SPAM@ccis.com (Delete the words NO-SPAM to contact him) suggested a great idea. If you have a carpeted area where you are going to setup your dartboard, you can use a strip of wood or metal with the "hook" side of a piece of Velco attatched to the back as your throw line. You can stick it to the carpet when in use and it won't move, then just rip it up when your done. Proper Setup Of A Darting Area: Lighting: Proper lighting of the dart board is very critical. It is important to be able to tell exactly where the dart landed without moving from the throw-line. The ideal lighting is from 2 lamps mounted from the ceiling to the left and right of the board. Obviously, in a home this can be a little ugly and expensive. The main goal is to light it reasonably brightly and create as little shadow as possible. I mounted a little "piano light" (the kind you hang over a painting) that I bought at Ikea for $10.00 about 4 feet in front of the board on the ceiling. It works beautifully. If you find this site useful, why not "buy me a beer?" C'mon, if I showed you all these games in a bar you know you would! ;-) Just kidding! But seriously, if you like my site and got lots of info from it, why not make a small donation to hel


What British TV series was set at Maplins Holiday Camp?

Hi-de-Hi! (TV Series 1980–1988) - IMDb (United Kingdom) – See all my reviews Based to some extent on writers, David Croft and Jimmy Perry's, own experiences as Butlins Holiday Camp entertainers in the UK during the same timescale the programme follows, "Hi-De-Hi!" epitomises the 'slapstick, postcard humour" of post-war Britain. Set in the fictitious seaside town of Crimpton-on-Sea, "Hi-De-Hi" chronicles the comedic goings on within the Maplins Holiday Camp - one of many dotted along the British coast owned by the mega-rich, but never seen (on screen) Joe Maplin. Although the actual show began in 1980 with the pilot episode and ran until 1988 when the BBC deemed it too tame for it's cutting edge comedy department, seasons 1-5 focused on 1959 while seasons 6-9 spotlighted 1960 - a time when the old style British Holiday Camp began to fall into decline. During the first 5 seasons, Jeffrey Fairbrother (played brilliantly by the late, great Simon Cadell) was the camp's entertainment manager; a well meaning, yet slightly pensive ex-university professor breaking free of his upper class background and venturing into the "real" world to head his team of entertainment staff who were in stark contrast to his own laid-back personality. From season 6 onwards, Fairbrother was replaced by Clive Dempster (played by David Griffin when Cadell quit the show at the height of it's popularity), an ex-RAF war hero who, in many ways, was similar to Cadell's character in background, but more a scoundrel than a gentleman. However, the real stars of "Hi-De-Hi" throughout the nine seasons were Ted Bovis (played superbly by Paul Shane), a stereotypical working class, ale drinking, bawdy comic - someone who could never resist an opportunity to fiddle the campers; Gladys Pugh (played by Ruth Madoc who's currently experiencing a career comeback with appearances in the hit BBC Comedy, "Little Britain"), chief Yellowcoat (what the entertainment staff were called because of their bright yellow jackets) and sports organiser - but more importantly, the one person who saved Jeffrey Fairbrother and Clive Dempster from embarrassment by covering up their inexperience in running a holiday camp; Peggy Ollerenshaw (Su Pollard), the slightly dopey, yet lovable lowly chalet maid with a burning ambition to become a Yellowcoat, and Spike Dixon (Jeffrey Holland), Ted's innocent protégé learning more about 'show business' than he hoped for. As usual with a Croft & Perry production, the assembled cast of characters were a bunch of misfits played superbly by the actors involved. Mr. Partridge (played by the late Leslie Dwyer, who was in his 70's by the time he left the show), the alcoholic child-hating children's entertainer; Fred Quilly (Felix Bowness), a former champion jockey with a dubious past; Yvonne & Barry Stuart-Hargreaves (Dianne Holland & Barry Howard), the snobbish former ballroom dancing champions who were in the twilight of their careers; and Sylvia and Betty (Nikki Kelly and Rikki Howard), the two main girl Yellowcoats who were always looking for the type of fun Joe Maplin would never allow in one of his camps. "Hi-De-Hi" typified the slapstick era of the late 50s with it's saucy and, to a certain degree, vulgar "tongue-in-cheek" humour (jokes about people sitting on toilets and anecdotes about 'women with big knockers' were the order of the day). But despite it's whiff of "Carry On" funniness, it was always so innocent and became something of recommended family viewing back in the 80's. Of course, the critics of the show remarked that the show had outstayed it's welcome by a good couple of years, but I disagree. While the early seasons focused mainly on bawdiness and slapstick humour, the latter series of "Hi-De-Hi" saw more thought put into the scripts and the main characters (especially Spike Dixon & Gladys Pugh) were able to grow with more sensitive story lines. That said, there were a few criticisms of the show. Clive Dempster was no Jeffrey Fairbrother, and the former didn't quite have the on-screen chemistry with Gladys as Jeffrey did (I personally t


Which band performed at the Australian Formula One Grand Prix in Melbourne, Australia in 2009 and in the halftime show of the Super Bowl in Miami Gardens, Florida in 2010?

Pete Townshend – In Profile « 98.5 WNCX Latest Photos Sponsored By Pete Townshend – In ProfileGuests attend John Entwistle FuneralSTOW-ON-THE-WOLD, UNITED KINGDOM - JULY 10: Guitarist Pete Townshend arrives for his funeral service at St. Edwards Church July 10, 2002 in Stow-on-the-Wold, United Kingdom. Entwistle, bass player for the rock band The Who, died June 26, 2002 from a heart attack in a Las Vegas hotel shortly before the band was due to begin a U.S. tour. (Photo by Michael Crabtree/Getty Images) Pete Townshend – In Profilen102999_who10/29/99 Las Vegas, Nv. Roger Daltrey (center), Pete Townshend (right), and John Entwistle at the "iBash99," the first interactive Halloween Party from Las Vegas. Photo Brenda Chase Online USA Pete Townshend – In ProfileThe Who At The Hollywood Bowl376081 08: Guitarist Pete Townshend performs August 14, 2000 at The Who concert at the Hollywood Bowl in Hollywood. (Photo by Online USA) Pete Townshend – In ProfilePete Townshend Arrested On Child Pornography ChargesHOLLYWOOD - AUGUST 14: (FILE PHOTO) Guitarist Pete Townshend fights through the crowd August 14, 2000 at The Who concert at the Hollywood Bowl in Hollywood, California. Townshend was arrested January 13, 2003 on pedophila-related charges after viewing child pornography websites for what he called research purposes for a book he intends to publish. (Photo by Getty Images) Pete Townshend – In Profile#NAME?The Who performing at a benefit concert for Maryville Academy at the House of Blues in Chicago, November 12, 1999. From left to right are bassist John Entwistle, singer Roger Daltrey, and guitarist Pete Townshend. (Photo by Frank Micelotta/ImageDirect) Pete Townshend – In ProfileTHE WHO AT HOUSE OF BLUESPete Townshend of the legedary rock band, THE WHO, at a benefit concert at the House of Blues in Chicago, November 12, 1999. (Photo by Frank Micelotta/ImageDirect)(Photo by Frank Micelotta/ImageDirect) Pete Townshend – In ProfileConcert for NYC-ShowPete Townshend of The Who performing at The Concert for New York City to benefit the victims of the World Trade Center disaster at Madison Square Garden in New York City . October 20, 2001 (Photo: Scott Gries/ImageDirect) Pete Townshend – In ProfileThe Who at Madison Square GardenPete Townshend of The Who at Madison Square Garden in New York, on October 3, 2000. Photo: Scott Gries/ImageDirect Pete Townshend – In ProfileConcert for NYC-ShowSir Paul McCartney and Pete Townshend of the Who performing at The Concert for New York City to benefit the victims of the World Trade Center disaster at Madison Square Garden in New York City. October 20, 2001 (photo by Frank Micelotta/ImageDirect) Pete Townshend – In ProfileConcert for NYC-ShowPete Townshend of the Who performing at The Concert for New York City at Madison Square Garden in New York City, 10/20/01. The show will benefit victims of the World Trade Center disaster. Photo by Frank Micelotta/ImageDirectPhoto by Frank Micelotta/ImageDirect Pete Townshend – In ProfilePete TownshendPete Townshend, guitarist and songwriter of British rock group The Who, performing on stage. Original Publication: People Disc - HM0128  (Photo by Evening Standard/Getty Images) Pete Townshend – In ProfileThe WhoEnglish rock group The Who, during their 1966 German/Swiss tour, from left to right; drummer Keith Moon (1947 - 1978), Roger Daltrey (vocals), John Entwistle (1944 - 2002, bass guitar) and Pete Townshend (guitar).  (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) Pete Townshend – In ProfileThe Kids Are AlrightBritish rock group The Who, comprising of, from left to right; Keith Moon (1947 - 1978), Pete Townshend, Roger Daltrey and John Entwistle (1944 - 2002). The group are currently working on a film, 'The Kids Are Alright', which looks back at fifteen years of The Who on the road, in recording studios and interviews.  (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) Pete Townshend – In ProfileWho Are YouPortrait of British rock group, the Who, (L-R): Guitarist Pete Townshend, bassist John Entwistle (1944 - 2002), drummer Keith Moon (1946 - 1978) and singer Roger Daltrey, 1


"""You had me at 'Hello'!"" is a line from which film?"

Jerry Maguire (1996) - Quotes - IMDb Jerry Maguire (1996) [Rod has just told Jerry he will keep him as his agent] Jerry Maguire : That's, that's great. I'm very... happy. Jerry Maguire : Yes! Rod Tidwell : That's what I'm gonna do for you: God bless you, Jerry. But this is what you gonna do for me. You listenin', Jerry? Jerry Maguire : Yeah, what, what, what can I do for you, Rod? You just tell me what can I do for you? Rod Tidwell : It's a very personal, a very important thing. Hell, it's a family motto. Are you ready, Jerry? Jerry Maguire : I'm ready. Rod Tidwell : I wanna make sure you're ready, brother. Here it is: Show me the money. Oh-ho-ho! SHOW! ME! THE! MONEY! A-ha-ha! Jerry, doesn't it make you feel good just to say that! Say it with me one time, Jerry. Jerry Maguire : Show you the money. Rod Tidwell : Oh, no, no. You can do better than that, Jerry! I want you to say it with you, with meaning, brother! Hey, I got Bob Sugar on the other line; I bet you he can say it! Jerry Maguire : Yeah, yeah, no, no, no. Show you the money. Rod Tidwell : No! Not show you! Show me the money! Dennis Wilburn : Something came up Jerry Maguire : [Referring to Rod's contract] ten million dollars for four years Dennis Wilburn : It's early, your still dreaming Jerry Maguire : Ten for four and it's a deal Dennis Wilburn : The guy's got an attitude problem Jerry Maguire : I can help you with that he listens to me Dennis Wilburn : His a shrimp Jerry Maguire : He broke every receiving record you had last year Dennis Wilburn : I want a prototypical wide receiver I want someone who is six foot three inches tall, two thundered twenty pounds not someone who's five ten and bitches in the locker room Jerry Maguire : I'm asking you for a favor I introduced you to your wife, we've spent Christmases together Dennis Wilburn : You're reaching Jerry Maguire : Don't do this, we have history Dennis Wilburn : Yeah we have history, you've drove up the prices on me for years and now it's time for you to spend some time at the back of the line.


"What was the name of the German fighter pilot known as the ""Red Baron"", officially credited with 80 confirmed air combat victories, who died in 1918, from wounds sustained in combat?"

Red Baron(Manfred von Richtofen) | Valkyrie Movie Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Red Baron(Manfred von Richtofen) Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918) was a German known as the "Red Baron". He was the most successful of , being officially credited with 80 confirmed victories. Red Barons Plane [ show ] Name and nicknames Freiherr (literally "Free Lord") is not a given name but a German aristocratic , equivalent to a in other countries and the origin of Richthofen's most famous nickname: "The Red Baron". Red was the color of his plane. The German translation of Red Baron is (·) . Richthofen is today known under this nickname even in Germany, although during his lifetime he was more often described in German as Der Rote Kampfflieger, (variously translated as the The Red Battle Flyer or The Red Fighter Pilot). This name was used as the title of Richthofen's 1917 "autobiography." Richthofen's other nicknames include "Le Diable Rouge" ("Red Devil") or "Le Petit Rouge" ("Little Red") in French, and the "Red Knight" in English. Early life Richthofen was born in Kleinburg, near , (now part of the city of Wrocław, Poland), into a prominent . When he was nine years old, Manfred moved with his family to nearby . He enjoyed riding and hunting as well as gymnastics at school. Manfred excelled at parallel bars and won a number of awards at school. [3] He and his brothers, and , hunted wild boar, elk, birds, and deer. After being both educated at home and attending a school at Schweidnitz, Manfred began military training when he was 11 years old. [4] After completing cadet training in 1911, he joined a unit, Ulanen-Regiment Kaiser Alexanders des III. von Russland (1. Westpreußisches) Nr. 1 ("1st Uhlan Regiment 'Emperor Alexander III of Russia (1st West Prussia Regiment)' "), and was assigned to the regiment's 3. Eskadron ("Number 3 "). [5] After World War I broke out, Richthofen served as a officer on both the and . However, when traditional cavalry operations became obsolete due to and , the Uhlans were used as infantry. [6] Disappointed with not being able to participate more often in combat operations, Richthofen applied for a transfer to the Luftstreitkräfte (literally: Aerial Combat Forces), the "Imperial German Army Air Service", forerunner of the . After a while his request was granted and he joined the flying service at the end of May 1915. [7] Piloting career Richthofen was initially an observer flying on reconnaissance missions over the from June to August 1915, with Fliegerabteilung 69 ("No. 69 Flying Squadron"). On being transferred to the Champagne front, he managed to shoot down a French aircraft with his observer's machine gun, but was not credited with the kill, as it fell behind Allied lines. He then trained as a pilot in October 1915. In March 1916, he joined Kampfgeschwader 2 ("No. 2 Bomber Geschwader") flying a two-seater . Over on 26 April 1916 he fired on a French downing it over , although once again he gained no official credit. At this time he flew a single-seat fighter. After a further spell flying two seaters on the Eastern Front in August 1916 he met . Boelcke, touring the East looking for candidates for his newly formed fighter unit, selected Richthofen to join a new Jagdstaffel ("fighter squadron"), Jasta 2. Richthofen won his first aerial combat over , France, on 17 September 1916. After his first victory, Richthofen ordered a silver cup engraved with the date of the fight and the type of enemy machine from a jeweller friend in Berlin. He continued this tradition until he had 60 cups, by which time the supply of silver in blockaded Germany was restricted. Rather than engage in risky tactics like his brother, Lothar (40 victories), Manfred von Richthofen strictly observed a set of flight maxims (commonly referred to as the "") to assure the greatest success for both squadron and individual fighter pilots. Contrary to popular imagination, he was not a spectacular or acrobatic pilot, as were others like his brother or the renowned . However, in addition to being a fine combat


What does the Republic of Ireland call itself?

Emergency phone numbers to call in Ireland | Ireland.com ROI Tel: 112 or 999 NI Tel: 999 The fire, ambulance and police services in Ireland and Northern Ireland are all contactable via the above numbers. When calling emergency services you will be asked to provide: The exact address of the incident or emergency and/or any noticeable landmarks nearby Directions to the scene of the emergency The telephone number you are calling from Details on the incident itself, the number of persons involved, the description of any visible injuries and knowledge of any pre-existing medical conditions Try and stay calm and listen to the call taker’s instructions. It is also important to keep your own phone on as the emergency service may need to contact you for further information. Vehicle Breakdown: Republic of Ireland Should you wish to avail of the services of the Automobile Association in Ireland, you will need to register for a minimum of a year’s membership with them. This will cost approximately €220. Automobile Association (AA) Breakdown Service Tel: 1800 66 77 88; www.aaireland.ie Northern Ireland When seeking roadside assistance in Northern Ireland contact the Royal Automobile Club (RAC), which is the equivalent of the AA. The  RAC website lists prices for short-term cover and roadside assistance. Royal Automobile Club (RAC) Breakdown Help Tel +44 (0) 844 891 3111 Tourist Victim Support Republic of Ireland Tourists who become victims of a crime while in Ireland can contact the Irish Tourist Assistance Service ( ITAS ). ITAS staff speak a number of foreign languages will be able to provide assistance to any problems facing a tourist in the aftermath of a crime. Trained staff and volunteers, who speak a variety of languages, will provide assistance so that the victim can get back to enjoying their holiday. Brochures are available in all tourist offices.  Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 10am to 6pm; Sundays and public holidays from 12pm-6pm 6-7 Hanover Street East, Dublin 2 (Monday to Friday); tel: 1890 365 700 (local number; from outside Ireland tel: +353 1 661 0562); email: info@itas.ie Store Street Garda Station, Store Street, Dublin 1 (Sat, Sun and public holidays); tel: 1 890 365 700 (local number; outside Ireland tel: +353 1 661 0562 Northern Ireland For those who are victims of a crime in Northern Ireland, the body to contact is Victim Support Northern Ireland .  Their staff and volunteers will speak to and help victims, family members and witnesses involved in the crime.  Opening Hours: Monday to Friday from 9am to 5pm; Tel: +44 (0) 28 90 244039; email: info@victimsupportni.org.uk Save this page to a Scrapbook:


The orangutan is found on Sumatra and which other island?

Sumatran Orangutan | Species | WWF Sumatran Orangutan Derived from the Malay words for “person of the forest," Sumatran orangutans are critically endangered. CR Status e Habitats Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests The Sumatran orangutan is almost exclusively arboreal, living among the trees of tropical rainforests. Females virtually never travel on the ground and adult males do so rarely. Sumatran orangutans are reported to have closer social ties than their Bornean cousins. This has been attributed to mass fruit on fig trees, where groups of Sumatran orangutans can come together to feed. Adult males are typically solitary while females are accompanied by offspring. Historically, the Sumatran orangutan was distributed over the entire island of Sumatra and further south into Java. The species' range is now restricted to the north of the island with a majority in the provinces of North Sumatra and Aceh. Of the nine existing populations of Sumatran orangutans, only seven have prospects of long-term viability, each with an estimated 250 or more individuals. Only three populations contain more than 1,000 orangutans. Orangutans that were confiscated from the illegal trade or as pets are being reintroduced to Bukit Tigapuluh National Park. They number around 70 and are reproducing.  Map data provided by IUCN . Places Arrival of baby orangutan is a symbol of hope for conservation in Sumatra One of the last great stands of rain forest in the deforestation hotspot of the Indonesian island of Sumatra has welcomed an exciting new addition: a baby female orangutan. The infant is the first orangutan born in the Thirty Hills conservation concession since WWF and its partners began managing the 100,000-acre forest in 2015. Continue Reading h More Stories h Why They Matter Orangutans are frugivores and play a vital role in the dispersal of seeds over a huge area. If orangutans were to disappear, so would several tree species, especially those with larger seeds. The tropical rainforests where Sumatran orangutans live are also home to other spectacular species including rare Sumatran tigers, Sumatran elephants, and Sumatran rhinoceroses. The forests orangutans call home are a vital source for fresh water. Rivers and streams from these forests provide local communities with water for drinking, cooking, bathing, irrigation and hydroelectricity. The forests are also a valuable source for wildlife products like honey and rattan. Threats No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died EW Known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population CR Facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the Wild EN Facing a high risk of extinction in the Wild VU Facing a high risk of extinction in the Wild NT Likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future LC Least Concern Does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Near Threatened Human activities are destroying tropical rainforests and endangering the existence of many animal species in Indonesia. Hunting Despite legal protection in Indonesia since 1931, orangutans are still captured from the wild and kept in households as status symbols. In some areas orangutans are hunted for food. Investigations by TRAFFIC, the global wildlife monitoring network, shows that lack of law enforcement against this illegal trafficking poses a serious threat to orangutans. Females give birth to just one infant at a time every eight or nine years, making their populations very susceptible to even very low levels of hunting. Experts estimate that even as little as 1% of females lost each year through hunting or other unnatural causes could put a population on an irreversible trajectory to extinction. Habitat Loss Orangutan habitat in north Sumatra is being lost at an extremely high rate, mainly due to fire and conversion of forests to oil palm plantations and other agricultural development. This species depends on high-quality forests. Widespread forest fires, many set deliberately to clear land for plantations, are becoming a regular disa