Which rock group was founded by Lou Reed and John Cale?

The Velvet Underground, American rock band founded in 1965 by Lou Reed and John Cale The Velvet Underground American rock band The American rock band Velvet Underground was founded in 1965 by Lou Reed (vocals and guitar) and John Cale (bass, viola, piano and organ). Sterling Morrison (guitar) and Maureen Tucker (drums) completed the group. During their time the group experienced little commercial success, but the group was acknowledged as one of the most important rock bands of the 1960s. Reed and Cale Lou Reed was the son of an accountant and grew up on Long Island, New York. He studied literature and drama at Syracuse University (New York). After his study Reed worked as a staff songwriter for Pickwick Records in New York. The Welshman John Cale came to New York in 1963 on a Leonard Bernstein scholarship to study composition. He had performed with John Cage and LaMonte Young, but was increasingly attracted to rock & roll. Reed and Cale were both interested in fusing avant-garde, modern literature and rock & roll. The name "Velvet Underground" was taken from the title of a paperback book about deviant sex. Velvet Underground & Nico The Velvet Underground met painter Andy Warhol who assumed management of the group. Warhol incorporated the band into his mixed-media project "The Exploding Plastic Inevitable". Warhol introduced the German actress and singer Nico to the band. In spring 1966 Velvet's first album was recorded, but the album was released a year later. This Album contained classics as: "Heroin", "Venus in Furs", "Black Angel's Death Song" and "Sunday Morning". Warhol designed the famous "banana" record sleeve. The album did not sell very well, because the music was to daring to fit onto commercial radio. White Heat/White Light In 1967 Nico left the band and a new record "White Heat/White Light" was recorded. This album contained a 17-minute lasting "Sister Ray". After this album John Cale left the band. Doug Yule was recruited to take Cale's place. What Goes On "Velvet Underground" was the group's third album. This time more conventional rock arrangements were recorded. "Pale Blue Eyes", "Candy Says" and "What Goes On" were among the most striking numbers. Velvet's final record was released after Lou Reed left the band. "Loaded" was a conventional rock album. Reed's "Rock and Roll" and "Sweet Jane" became rock standards in the 1970s. Squeeze The group released a last record "Squeeze" but this release is not considered as a true Velvets album. In the 1970s John Cale and Lou Reed were very successful. Reed's "Walk on the Wild Side" even reached number 16 on the American pop charts. Reunion In 1989 Reed and Cale reunited to record "Songs for Drella", a requiem for Andy Warhol. The original members Reed, Cale, Morrison and Tucker met again in 1990. Three years later a European tour was held, but the group soon broke up again. The concerts were recorded and released later.


"Which artist's name means in translation ""Little Dyer""?"

Painter whose name means "little dyer" - Crossword Clue Answer | Crossword Heaven Last Seen In: New York Times - August 08, 2003 Found an answer for the clue Painter whose name means "little dyer" that we don't have? Then please submit it to us so we can make the clue database even better!


IRENE (Eirene) - Greek Goddess Hora of Peace (Roman Pax) Peace (eirênê) Irene and Plutus, Greco-Roman statue, Staatliche Antikensammlungen EIRENE (Irene) was the goddess of peace and the season of spring. She was one of the three Horai (Horae), deities of the seasons and keepers of the gates of heaven. Her sisters were Eunomia (Good Order) and Dike (Justice). Eirene's name is the Greek word for peace (eirênê) but it is also closely connected with the word for spring (eiar, eiarinos). In ancient Greece late spring was the traditional campaign season, the time when peace was most at risk. Eirene was probably identified with the Hora Thallo (Green Shoots), whose name Hesiod uses as an epithet for Eirene in the Theogony. Her opposite number was Polemos (War). In classical art the goddess usually appears in the company of her two sister Horai bearing the fruits of the seasons. Statues of the goddess often depict her as a maiden holding the infant Ploutos (Plutus) (Wealth) in her arms. In this guise she was identified with the Demeter and Tykhe (Tyche) , the goddesses of agricultural bounty. FAMILY OF IRENE [1.1] ZEUS & THEMIS (Hesiod Theogony 901, Apollodorus 1.13, Orphic Hymn 43, Hyginus Fab. 183) [1.2] THEMIS (Pindar Olympian Ode 13) ENCYCLOPEDIA EIRE′NE (Eirênê). The goddess of peace. After the victory of Timotheus over the Lacedaemonians, altars were erected to her at Athens at the public expense. (Corn. Nep. Timoth. 2; Plut. Cim. 13.) Her statue at Athens stood by the side of that of Amphiaraus, carrying in its arms Plutus, the god of wealth (Paus. i. 8. § 3), and another stood near that of Hestia in the Prytaneion. (i. 18, § 3.) . At Rome too, where peace (Pax) was worshipped, she had a magnificent temple, which was built by the emperor Vespasian. (Suet. Vespas. 9 ; Paus. vi. 9. § 1.) The figure of Eirene or Pax occurs only on coins, and she is there represented as a youthful female, holding in her left arm a cornucopia and in her right hand an olive branch or the staff of Hermes. Sometimes also she appears in the act of burning a pile of arms, or carrying corn-ears in her hand or upon her head. Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES The three Horae, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Antikensammlung Berlin Hesiod, Theogony 901 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "Next he [Zeus] married bright Themis (Divine Law) who bare the Horai (Horae, Seasons), and Eunomia (Good Order), Dike (Justice), and blooming (thallô) Eirene (Irene, Peace), who mind the works of mortal men." Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1. 13 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "With Themis, the daughter of Ouranos (Uranus, Heaven), he [Zeus] fathered his daughters the Horai (Horae), by name Eirene (Irene), Eunomia, and Dike." Orphic Hymn 43 to the Horae (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. to 2nd A.D.) : "Daughters of Zeus and Themis, Horai (Horae) bright, Dike (Justice), and blessed Eirene (Irene, Peace) and Eunomia (Lawfulness) right." Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 183 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "The names of the Horae, daughters of Jove [Zeus], son of Saturn [Kronos (Cronus)], and Themis, daughter Titanidis (Titaness), are these : Auxo, Eunomia (Order), Pherusa, Carpo (Fruit), Dice (Justice), Euporia, Irene (Peace), Orthosie, Thallo." IRENE GODDESS OF PEACE Hesiod, Works and Days 212 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "But they who give straight judgements [i.e. those who invoke the goddess Dike (Justice)] to strangers and to the men of the land, and go not aside from what is just, their city flourishes, and the people prosper in it: Eirene (Irene, Peace), the nurse of children, is abroad in their land, and all-seeing Zeus never decrees cruel war against them. Neither famine nor disaster ever haunt men who do true justice; but light-heartedly they tend the fields which are all their care. The earth bears them victual in plenty, and on the mountains the oak bears acorns upon the top and bees in the midst. Their woolly shee


In which book of 1920 did Hercule Poirot make his first appearance?

Hercule Poirot - Characters - Agatha Christie Featured Hercule Poirot stories Why not make my detective a Belgian?...I could see him as a tidy little man, always arranging things, liking things in pairs, liking things square instead of round. And he should be brainy – he should have little grey cells of the mind. Agatha Christie - An Autobiography About Hercule Poirot The Beginning Hercule Poirot came into existence during World War I. Agatha Christie was working as a VAD in Torquay, and encountered on a daily basis Belgian refugees arriving in England from the continent. Searching for a detective for her first novel, she set upon the idea of creating a Belgian detective who had been "a former shining light of the Belgian police force", before being forced out of his country. Christie completed The Mysterious Affair at Styles in 1916, but it wasn’t published until four years later. In the novel, Poirot is called upon by his old friend Lieutenant Hastings, who would come to be the Watson to Poirot's Holmes. Christie later wrote that Poirot's introduction to detective fiction was not at all how he himself would have liked. "Hercule Poirot first," he would have said, "and then a plot to display his remarkable talents to their best advantage." A Great Man Poirot would be the first to call himself a great man - he has never been known for his modesty - but with such success in his career, it is difficult to argue with him. He finishes each case with a dramatic dénouement, satisfying his own ego and confirming to all that he is truly "the greatest mind in Europe." His love of elegance, beauty, and precision, as well as his eccentric mannerisms are often ridiculed by the local bumbling policemen, but it is always Poirot who has the last word. My name is Hercule Poirot, and I am probably the greatest detective in the world. Hercule Poirot, The Mystery of the Blue Train Agatha Christie never imagined how popular Poirot would become, nor how many stories she would write about him. He stars in 33 novels and 54 short stories, including some of Christie's most successful such as Murder on the Orient Express and Death on the Nile . Poirot and Christie One of Christie’s later regrets was that Hercule Poirot began his literary life too mature: "the result is that my fictional detective is well over a hundred by now." And it is no secret that character and author did not always see eye to eye. “There are moments when I have felt: ‘Why-why-why did I ever invent this detestable, bombastic, tiresome little creature?’…. But now, I must confess it, Hercule Poirot has won. A reluctant affection has sprung up for him…” Agatha Christie’s introduction to the serialisation of Appointment With Death in the Daily Mail, 1938. Christie grew tired of Poirot's idiosyncrasies so much so that she wrote Curtain: Poirot's Last Case in the 1940s. It was locked in a safe until 1974 when it was finally published, earning Poirot a well-deserved obituary in The New York Times; he is the only fictional character to have received such an honour. Playing Poirot The first actor to take on the role of the little Belgian was Charles Laughton in 1928 in the theatrical debut of Alibi. Austin Trevor was the first Poirot on screen in 1931, and went on to star in three films. There was Tony Randall in 1965 and Academy Award nominee Albert Finney in the all-star classic Murder on the Orient Express in 1974. The great Peter Ustinov, winner of two Academy Awards, played Poirot in six films and despite not physically resembling the character is still much loved worldwide. There was even a Japanese animé version of Poirot, broadcast in 2004. Perhaps, however, the actor most synonymous with Hercule Poirot is David Suchet, who first took on the role in 1989. Christie never saw David Suchet's portrayal but her grandson, Mathew Prichard, thinks that she would have approved; Suchet balances “just enough of the irritation that we always associate with the perfectionist, to be convincing!” Suchet's final series finished filming in 2013 and marked 25 years of being Poirot. In 2017 Kenn


Which football league club play home games at Griffin Park?

Griffin Park | Brentford FC | Football Ground Guide Football Ground Guide Address: Braemar Road, Brentford, TW8 0NT Telephone: 08453 456 442 Pitch Size: 110 x 73 yards Club Nickname: The Bees Home Kit: Red, White & Black Away Kit: Grey and White Bill Axeby and Brook Road Stands Braemar Road Stand WHAT IS GRIFFIN PARK LIKE? The ground is rather compact and certainly has an individual feel. On one side is the recently christened Bill Axbey Stand (formerly the New Road Stand), which is named after a long time supporter who watched the Bees for an incredible 89 years before passing away in 2007. This stand is a single tiered, covered all seated stand, which has a number of supporting pillars running across the front of it. The roof of the stand is painted with a large advert, designed to catch the eye of passengers flying into Heathrow Airport. Currently this is an advert for Qatar Airways, but in the past amongst others, it has been for KLM and easyJet. Opposite is the Bees United (Braemar Road) Stand. Again this stand is single tiered, all seated and has a number of supporting pillars. It has a very low roof, which makes you wonder what the view would be like from the very back row of the stand.  At one end is the BIAS Stand (aka the Ealing Road Terrace), which up to 2007, was an open terrace that was given to away supporters. However the Club have now erected a roof on this end and decided to give it back to the home fans. This should really help boost the atmosphere within the stadium. Interestingly the sponsors of the terrace BIAS are not a company but the Brentford Independent Association of Supporters. Opposite is the Brook Road Stand. This stand which was opened in 1986, is a strange affair; a small double decker stand that has seating on the first tier and terracing below. It is known affectionately by the Brentford fans as the 'Wendy House'. The ground is complete with a set of four imposing floodlights. Griffin Park is also used for Chelsea reserve team matches. NEW STADIUM The Club have received planning permission to build a new 20,000 capacity stadium, at Lionel Road (in-between Kew Bridge Railway Station and the M4). The site is just under two miles away from Griffin Park. The scheme will also see the construction of 910 flats and a hotel. The stadium may also be shared with London Welsh Rugby Club. If things go to plan then works could start in early 2017, with Brentford could be kicking off in their new home for the start of the 2019/20 season. WHAT IS IT LIKE FOR VISITING FANS? Away fans are housed in the Brook Road Stand at one end of the ground. This covered two tiered stand has 600 seats in its upper tier and room for around 1,000 fans below in the terrace. The upper tier has good unhindered views of the playing area, whilst below in the lower terraced area there are a couple of prominent supporting pillars, which may affect your view. There is a good selection of refreshments on offer including a selection of Pies (£3.30), Pasties (£3), Hot Dogs (£3.50), Burgers (£3.50), Cheeseburgers (£3.60) and Sausage Rolls (£2). I also have been informed that an enterprising home owner has set up a hot dog and cake stall in their front garden on Brook Road South, just along from the away supporters entrance. Tim Porter a visiting Torquay United supporter adds; 'The home fans were the most friendly I've come across for a long time - before kick-off, the stadium announcer asked all the home fans to put their hands together for the Torquay fans who had made such a long journey. I expected indifferent silence or abuse, but there was almost universal clapping!' I also had an enjoyable visit to Griffin Park and didn't experience any problems.  PUBS FOR AWAY FANS Brentford is famous for being the only ground in England that has a pub at every corner of the ground. The surrounding land was formerly owned by the Griffin Brewery, hence the name Griffin Park. However one of these pubs the Royal Oak is currently closed. The other three; The Griffin (which serves Fullers real ale), The Princess Royal and The New Inn. The New Inn


"Which English king was known as ""Longshanks"" or ""The Hammer of the Scots""?"

BBC - Scotland's History - Edward I, King of England. Scotland's History Articles Edward I, King of England. Born 1239, died 1307. Reign 1272 – 1307 Edward I, King of England. Born 1239, died 1307. Reign 1272 – 1307 One of the most effective English kings, Edward was also one of Scotland's greatest adversaries. Through his campaigns against Scotland he would come to be known after his death as 'Scottorum malleus' – the Hammer of the Scots. Intelligent and impatient, Edward proved to be a highly effective king. The reign of his father, Henry III, was marked by internal instability and military failure. Upon succeeding to the throne on 1272 Edward did much to rectify these issues. He managed to control and placate the unruly English barons and unite them behind him. A learned scholar, Edward also took great personal interest in matters of administration and government and introduced reforms and ideas learnt whilst staying abroad in the family-held territory of Gascony. He also made great use of his Parliament – a strategy that helped maintain stability in the country and, more importantly for Edward, brought in regular sums of money to enable Edward to pursue his ambitions. Edward also devised far uglier means of raising money. In 1275 Edward issues the Statute of Jewry that persecuted the Jewish population of England and imposed severe taxation on them. Proving both lucrative and popular, Edward extended this policy further. In 1290 the Jews were expelled from England – minus their money and property. The money raised from this dark practise was used to fund his his ambition to be overlord of the Scotland and Wales. As a younger man Edward forged an impressive reputation as a man of action. Domestically and abroad Edward proved himself as a soldier and a leader of men. In 1266 Edward received international accolade for his role in the 8th and 9th Crusades to the Holy Land where he helped secure the survival of the beleagured coastal city of Acre. It was while returning from the Crusade that Edward learned that his father, Henry III, had died and that he was now the King of England. Ambitious and impulsive, Edward wasted no time in enforcing his will on his neighbours. As an ominous precursor for his plans for Scotland, Edward attacked Wales. Edward attacks Wales During the 1250s Edward's father, Henry III, had mounted military campaigns in an attempt to control and dominate Wales. After a series of disastrous defeats Henry was forced to negotiate a peace that saw the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffydd extend his territories into England. Henry also had to recognise the royal status of Llewelyn as Prince of Wales. Llywelyn in turn was to acknowledge Henry as his overlord. Edward had experienced these failed campaigns first hand as part of his father's retinue and was determined not to repeat the same mistakes. Using the pretence of Llywelyn's refusal to pay homage to him in 1274 Edward raised a sizeable army and invaded Wales. Llywelyn was defeated and stripped of his territories. In another uncanny foreshadowing of events to come in Scotland Edward's complete conquest of his neighbour was to be thrown into doubt by a courageous campaign for liberation. In 1282 Llywelyn's brother Dafydd sparked a rebellion to rid Wales of English dominance. With Edward caught off-guard the rising had initial success. The death of Llywelyn in battle turned the tide for Edward however. Soon after Dafydd was captured and executed. Without strong leadership the Welsh rising failed. To consolidate his stranglehold, Edward built a series of impressive castles across Wales (such as Caernarfon Castle) and in 1284 Edward issued the Statute of Rhuddlan that effectively annexed Wales and made it a province of England. The title Prince of Wales was handed to Edward's eldest son, Prince Edward (later Edward II) – a practise that continues to this day. Edward plots against Scotland In 1287 Alexander III, King of Scots, died suddenly after falling from his horse at Kinghorn. The succession crisis that followed presented Edward with a golden opportunity to


What is the small independent state in the High Pyrenees, between Spain and France?

Pyrenees | mountain range, Europe | Britannica.com mountain range, Europe Alternative Titles: Pireneus, Pirineos, Pyrénées Related Topics list of cities and towns in France Pyrenees, Spanish Pirineos, French Pyrénées, Catalan Pireneus, mountain chain of southwestern Europe that consists of flat-topped massifs and folded linear ranges. It stretches from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Bay of Biscay on the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The Pyrenees form a high wall between France and Spain that has played a significant role in the history of both countries and of Europe as a whole. The range is some 270 miles (430 kilometres) long; it is barely six miles wide at its eastern end, but at its centre it reaches some 80 miles in width. At its western end it blends imperceptibly into the Cantabrian Mountains along the northern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Except in a few places, where Spanish territory juts northward or French southward, the crest of the chain marks the boundary between the two countries, though the tiny autonomous principality of Andorra lies among its peaks. The highest point is Aneto Peak , at 11,169 feet (3,404 metres), in the Maladeta (Spanish: “Accursed”) massif of the Central Pyrenees. Aneto Peak in the Pyrenees. Avh The Pyrenees long have been a formidable land barrier between Spain and Portugal on the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe; as a consequence, these two countries traditionally have developed stronger associations with Africa than with the rest of Europe, and they have become tied to the sea. From Carlit Peak (9,584 feet) near the eastern limit of the Pyrenees to the peaks of Orhy and Anie , a succession of mountains rise nearly 9,800 feet; at only a few places, all well to the west, can the chain be crossed through passes lower than 6,500 feet. In both the lower eastern and northwestern sectors, rivers dissect the landscape into numerous small basins. The range is flanked on both sides by broad depressions—the Aquitaine and Languedoc to the north and the Ebro to the south—both receiving waters from the major rivers flowing out of the mountains, the Garonne of France and the major tributaries of the Ebro of Spain. Physical features World War II Forms of life in the Pyrenees have some remarkable characteristics that cannot be explained merely by the influences of climate and soil. The historical vicissitudes of the chain and its isolation at the southwestern limit of the main European peninsula, far from the centres of dispersion and variation of the various species (including humans), have influenced the structure and character of its population. In the northwest–southeast direction, the vegetation shows a marked and gradually decreasing oceanic influence; the contrary is the case with the Mediterranean influence from southeast to northwest. The exposure of the mountain surfaces and the conditions of local climate caused by mountain relief create special localized enclaves of all kinds. The most characteristic feature of the oceanic influence is the predominance of broad-leaved deciduous trees in the forests of the lower levels and the medium-height mountains, while the Mediterranean influence, represented by evergreen broad-leaved trees, not only is dominant in hot surroundings but also bears drought conditions better. The variety of altitudinal vegetation shows itself in levels. From the medium-height mountain upward, the broad-leaved woods at about 5,200 feet are replaced by needled conifers that require less water. The subalpine level, sometimes as low as 6,500 feet but usually above 7,800 feet, gives way to the more sparsely covered pastures of the alpine level. This altitudinal scheme pertains in the vegetation east of the Orhy and Anie peaks. The oceanic influence, however, with its greater rainfall gives the west of the chain a different pattern. Broad-leaved deciduous beeches may be found as high as 5,850 feet, with some mix of the subalpine conifers, and there the high pastures are more resistant to damp and permanent snow. Overall the landscape is more


"Who wrote the play ""A Streetcar Named Desire"" in 1947?"

A Streetcar Named Desire opens on Broadway - Dec 03, 1947 - HISTORY.com This Day in History: 12/03/1947 - A Streetcar Named Desire In this "This Day in History" video, learn about the history of December 3. On December 3, in 1833, Oberlin College in Ohio became the first co-ed college and on this day in 1947 "A Streetcar Named Desire" opened on Broadway and introduced Marlon Brando to the world. In 2000, Tiger Woods won three majors in the same year. Lead Story A Streetcar Named Desire opens on Broadway Share this: A Streetcar Named Desire opens on Broadway Author A Streetcar Named Desire opens on Broadway URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1947, Marlon Brando’s famous cry of “STELLA!” first booms across a Broadway stage, electrifying the audience at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre during the first-ever performance of Tennessee Williams’ play A Streetcar Named Desire. The 23-year-old Brando played the rough, working-class Polish-American Stanley Kowalski, whose violent clash with Blanche DuBois (played on Broadway by Jessica Tandy), a Southern belle with a dark past, is at the center of Williams’ famous drama. Blanche comes to stay with her sister Stella (Kim Hunter), Stanley’s wife, at their home in the French Quarter of New Orleans; she and Stanley immediately despise each other. In the climactic scene, Stanley rapes Blanche, causing her to lose her fragile grip on sanity; the play ends with her being led away in a straitjacket. Streetcar, produced by Irene Mayer Selznick and directed by Elia Kazan, shocked mid-century audiences with its frank depiction of sexuality and brutality onstage. When the curtain went down on opening night, there was a moment of stunned silence before the crowd erupted into a round of applause that lasted 30 minutes. On December 17, the cast left New York to go on the road. The show would run for more than 800 performances, turning the charismatic Brando into an overnight star. Tandy won a Tony Award for her performance, and Williams was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. In 1951, Kazan made Streetcar into a movie. Brando, Hunter and Karl Malden (as Stanley’s friend and Blanche’s love interest) reprised their roles. The role of Blanche went to Vivien Leigh, the scenery-chewing star of Gone with the Wind. Controversy flared when the Catholic Legion of Decency threatened to condemn the film unless the explicitly sexual scenes–including the climactic rape–were removed. When Williams, who wrote the screenplay, refused to take out the rape, the Legion insisted that Stanley be punished onscreen. As a result, the movie (but not the play) ends with Stella leaving Stanley. A Streetcar Named Desire earned 12 Oscar nominations, including acting nods for each of its four leads. The movie won for Best Art Direction, and Leigh, Hunter and Malden all took home awards; Brando lost to Humphrey Bogart in The African Queen. Related Videos


According to the nursery rhyme, who or what ran away with spoon?

'Spoon' on Mars? You're seeing things FacebookEmail Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest 'Spoon' on Mars? You're seeing things Remember the nursery rhyme in which the cow jumped over the moon and dish ran away with the spoon? Apparently the spoon landed on Mars, according to a curious recent photo snapped by the Curiosity rover Post to Facebook 'Spoon' on Mars? You're seeing things Remember the nursery rhyme in which the cow jumped over the moon and dish ran away with the spoon? Apparently the spoon landed on Mars, according to a curious recent photo snapped by the Curiosity rover Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/1UxGcNR CancelSend A link has been sent to your friend's email address. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. 7 To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs 'Spoon' on Mars? You're seeing things Michael Winter, USA TODAY Published 5:59 p.m. ET Sept. 4, 2015 | Updated 6:55 p.m. ET Sept. 4, 2015 What appears to be a 'floating spoon" on Mars is just a rock eroded by wind, NASA said. (Photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS) 912 CONNECT TWEET 14 LINKEDIN 7 COMMENTEMAILMORE Remember the nursery rhyme in which the cow jumped over the moon and dish ran away with the spoon? It appears the spoon wound up on Mars, according to a curious recent photo snapped by the Curiosity rover. In yet another optical illusion that's stirred hyperactive imaginations on Earth, the so-called floating spoon seen in an image taken Sunday is just a rock shaped by wind, what geologists call a ventifact, NASA explained. Curiosity captured the strangeness on its 1,089th day exploring the red planet, where it landed in August 2012. As Space.com points out , there's "a long history of seeing strange shapes" on Mars, especially the "face" photographed by the Viking 1 lander in 1976. Since then, other shapes, including a rat, woman, jelly doughnut and — more recently — a crab, have been reported by eagle-eyed observers poring over NASA's photos. So far, they're all rocks, though. Every last one. No word from NASA about any lunar bovine sightings, however. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. Here's a look back on some of the biggest moments in space history. Oct. 4, 1957: Sputnik 1 was the first satellite in space. Launched by the Soviet Union, the satellite's success triggered the Space Race, an integral part of the Cold War.  NASA Fullscreen April 12, 1961: This undated photo shows cosmonaut Maj. Yuri Gagarin in his spacesuit. It was the Soviet Union's own giant leap for mankind, one that would spur a humiliated America to race for the moon. It happened on April 12, 1961, when the Air Force pilot became the first human in space.  AP May 5, 1961: Alan Shepard sits in his Freedom 7 Mercury capsule. Shepard was the second person ever to fly into space and the first American.  NASA Dec. 21, 1968: This famous 'Earthrise' photo was taken by the crew of Apollo 8. Crewmembers were the first humans to orbit the moon.  NASA July 20, 1969: Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin walks on the moon. Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first humans on the moon.  NASA Fullscreen April 11, 1970: Apollo 13 commander James A. Lovell, foreground, speaks during a news conference in Cape Kennedy, Fla., before the spacecraft launched on its ill-fated journey to the moon. The unsuccessful journey was made famous by the movie, Apollo 13. NASA classified the mission a "successful failure." because of the experience gained in rescuing the crew.  AP Fullscreen May 14, 1973: Skylab, the first United States manned space station, was launched in 1973. In this image, it is shown in orbit at the end of its mission in 1979 when it crashed back to Earth. The orbiting lab was designed by engineers at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala.  NASA, Associated Press July 17, 1975: Astronaut Thomas Stafford, left, and cosmonaut Alexey Leonov shake hands after a successful Apollo-Soyuz linkup in space. The U.S.-Soviet mission was the first multinational manned mission.  NASA April 12,


"Whose first symphony of 1917 is known as ""The Classical Symphony""?"

Sergei Prokofiev, Classical Symphony - Home Sergei Prokofiev, Classical Symphony Year piece was composed In 1917. and was first performed in 1918. ("First performance 1918-04-21 -- Petrograd: Former Court Orchestra, Sergei Prokofiev Conducted") By _______Geneva Stone______ Here is a picture of a standard symphony orchestra. The players are grouped together with their respective instruments while the conductor stays front and center. The conductor's main role is to direct the music being played such as keeping the timing and tempo accurate, or using body language to interpret and maintain the dynamics of the piece. This is the musical notation for the beginning violin in the symphony. The picture shows some of the virtuosic abilities needed to play the piece correctly. It consists of many notes with little spacing in between them. The piece also includes dynamics for the players to capture with their performance, meaning that not only does the piece require playing the notes at the right time, but also requires them to be played with the right amount of force and volume. By_______David________ Introduction Symphony No. 1 in D, Op. 25 “Classical Symphony” was composed in 1917 by Sergei Prokofiev at the age of 26.   “Although the Classical Symphony fits the usual definition of neo-classicism, Prokofiev never admitted it. It was an isolated experiment, he explained, adding that he disliked Stravinsky’s preoccupation with neo-classicism, which he famously called ‘Bach on the wrong notes’” (Symphony *2 para 3). Prokofiev composed 7 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, 2 violin concertos, 3 operas and 2 ballets, as well as many other piano pieces. He is well known for his contribution to Peter and the Wolf and Ivan the Terrible. (http://www.52composers.com/prokofiev.html#works) Classical Symphony emulates Haydn's work but not strictly, “the idea occurred to me to compose an entire symphonic work without the piano,” Prokofiev remembered in his 1948 autobiography. “Composed in this fashion, the orchestral colors would of necessity be clearer and cleaner. Thus the plan of a symphony in Haydnesque style originated, since as a result of my studies … Hayden’s technique had somehow become especially clear to me, and with intimate understanding it was much easier to plunge into dangerous flood without a piano/ it seemed to me that were he alive today, Haydn, while retaining his own style of composition, would have appropriated something from the modern” (Symphony,  whole second paragraph). Symphony No. 1 is comprised of an “opening Allegro in sonata Form, a slow movement, a dance movement,  … and finale” (Symphony, para 3). --Gail--- Analyze and Discuss 3 or more sections specifically analyzing and discussing the piece in terms of relevant "elements of Music" (timbre, form, dynamics, melody, word-music relationships, and so forth).  form- sonata allegro The symphony is in four movements, and lasts only about ten to fifteen minutes: Timbre               The timbre to the Classical Symphony No. 1 is very fast paced. The piece fluctuates in notes extremely fast and with sharp short bursts. Even the parts of the song where Prokofiev does not have many different instruments in the background, he still has quick paced notes. There are not many times in the piece where there would be a note played and held for a long time. The piece has notes that are in a more high scale of notes. If you were to watch a conductor lead his musicians through the song you might think his arm could fall off from how many beats they go through and how fast the tempo is. Form The form of the Classical Symphony No.1 is Sonata Allegro. This means the piece goes in an ABA form with an exposition then development and finally a recapitulation. The dynamics to the Classical Symphony No.1 are fast played with many quick notes. It is played with a classical era orchestra consisting of 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings. The skill level would be very high for those musicians that play the piece. It is a very flashy and dynamic p


"a Which 1750 poem begins ""The curfew tolls the knell of parting day""?"

Elegy written in a Country Churchyard, by Thomas Gray Elegy written in a Country Churchyard THE Curfew tolls the knell of parting day,     The lowing herd wind slowly oer the lea, The plowman homeward plods his weary way,     And leaves the world to darkness and to me. Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,     And all the air a solemn stillness holds, Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight,     And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds; Save that from yonder ivy-mantled towr     The moping owl does to the moon complain Of such as, wandring near her secret bowr,     Molest her ancient solitary reign. Beneath those rugged elms, that yew-trees shade,     Where heaves the turf in many a mouldring heap, Each in his narrow cell for ever laid,     The rude Forefathers of the hamlet sleep. The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn,     The swallow twittring from the straw-built shed, The cocks shrill clarion, or the echoing horn,     No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,     Or busy housewife ply her evening care: No children run to lisp their sires return,     Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share. Oft did the harvest to their sickle yield,     Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke: How jocund did they drive their team afield!     How bowd the woods beneath their sturdy stroke! Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,     Their homely joys, and destiny obscure; Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smile     The short and simple annals of the poor. The boast of heraldry, the pomp of powr,     And all that beauty, all that wealth eer gave, Awaits alike th inevitable hour:     The paths of glory lead but to the grave. Nor you, ye Proud, impute to These the fault,     If Memory oer their Tomb no Trophies raise, Where through the long-drawn aisle and fretted vault     The pealing anthem swells the note of praise. Can storied urn or animated bust     Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath? Can Honours voice provoke the silent dust,     Or flattry soothe the dull cold ear of death? Perhaps in this neglected spot is laid     Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire; Hands, that the rod of empire might have swayd,     Or waked to ecstasy the living lyre. But Knowledge to their eyes her ample page     Rich with the spoils of time did neer unroll; Chill Penury repressd their noble rage,     And froze the genial current of the soul. Full many a gem of purest ray serene     The dark unfathomd caves of ocean bear: Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,     And waste its sweetness on the desert air. Some village Hampden that with dauntless breast     The little tyrant of his fields withstood, Some mute inglorious Milton, here may rest,     Some Cromwell guiltless of his countrys blood. Th applause of listning senates to command,     The threats of pain and ruin to despise, To scatter plenty oer a smiling land,     And read their history in a nations eyes, Their lot forbade: nor circumscribed alone     Their growing virtues, but their crimes confined; Forbade to wade through slaughter to a throne,     And shut the gates of mercy on mankind, The struggling pangs of conscious truth to hide,     To quench the blushes of ingenuous shame, Or heap the shrine of Luxury and Pride     With incense kindled at the Muses flame. Far from the madding crowds ignoble strife     Their sober wishes never learnd to stray; Along the cool sequesterd vale of life     They kept the noiseless tenor of their way. Yet evn these bones from insult to protect     Some frail memorial still erected nigh, With uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture deckd,     Implores the passing tribute of a sigh. Their name, their years, spelt by th unletterd muse,     The place of fame and elegy supply: And many a holy text around she strews,     That teach the rustic moralist to die. For who, to dumb Forgetfulness a prey,     This pleasing anxious being eer resignd, Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day,     Nor cast one longing lingring loo


"What kind of gemstone is the ""Star of India""?"

Star of India Star of India Star of India About At 563 carats, the Star of India is the world's largest gem-quality blue star sapphire. Some 2 billion years old, it is also one of the most well-known objects in the world. Rutile, a mineral in the Star of India, gives the gem its milky quality and star effect. Tiny fibers of rutile in a three-fold pattern reflect incoming light in the star pattern. This effect, called asterism, makes this gem a true star.


From which country does Stein lager originate?

U.S. Free Trade Agreements Why should you care about free trade agreements (FTAs)? If you are looking to export your product or service, the United States may have negotiated favorable treatment through an FTA to make it easier and cheaper for you. Accessing FTA benefits for your product may require more record-keeping, but can also give your product a competitive advantage versus products from other countries. What is an FTA negotiated by the United States? An FTA is an agreement between two or more countries where the countries agree on certain obligations that affect trade in goods and services, and protections for investors and intellectual property rights, among other topics. For the United States, the main goal of trade agreements is to reduce barriers to U.S. exports, protect U.S. interests competing abroad, and enhance the rule of law in the FTA partner country or countries. The reduction of trade barriers and the creation of a more stable and transparent trading and investment environment make it easier and cheaper for U.S. companies to export their products and services to trading partner markets. How can FTAs benefit U.S. exporters or investors? U.S. FTAs typically address a wide variety of government activity. One example is the reduction or elimination of tariffs charged on all qualified products coming from the other country. For example, a country that normally charges a tariff of 5% of the value of the incoming product will eliminate that tariff for products that originate (as defined in the FTA) in the United States. Documenting how a product originates, or meets the rules of origin, can make using the FTA negotiated tariffs a bit more complicated. However, these rules help to ensure that U.S. exports, rather than exports from other countries, receive the benefits of the agreement. Some other types of opportunities frequently found in FTAs include: the ability for a U.S. company to bid on certain government procurements in the FTA partner country; the ability for a U.S. investor to get prompt, adequate, and effective compensation if its investment in the FTA partner country is taken by the government (expropriated); the ability for U.S. service suppliers to supply their services in the FTA partner country; protection and enforcement of American-owned intellectual property rights in the FTA partner  country; and the ability for U.S. exporters to participate in the development of product standards in the FTA partner country. With which countries does the United States have an FTA? The United States has 14 FTAs in force with 20 countries. The United States is also in the process of negotiating a regional FTA, the  Trans-Pacific Partnership , with Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. U.S. FTA Partner Countries: Australia ; Bahrain ; Chile ; Colombia ; DR-CAFTA : Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, & Nicaragua; Israel ; Jordan ; Korea ; Morocco ; NAFTA : Canada & Mexico; Oman ; Panama ; Peru ; and Singapore . How can U.S. companies identify tariffs on exports to FTA partner countries? The FTA Tariff Tool can help you determine the tariff, or tax at the border, that U.S. FTA partners will collect when a U.S. exported product that meets the FTA rule of origin enters the country. You can look up the tariff rate for a given product today, as well as identify when in the future the tariff rate will go down further or be eliminated altogether. <!--SS_END_OPENREGIONMARKER(region1)--> <!--SS_BEGIN_CLOSEREGIONMARKER(region1)-->


Which pedestrian bridge in London connects the Tate Modern Art Gallery and St Paul's Cathedral?

Pedestrian Bridge - Review of Millennium Bridge, London, England - TripAdvisor Review of Millennium Bridge Peters Hill, London EC4, England +44 20 7525 4925 River Thames Fast Boat Experience in London See more tours on Viator Fee: No Recommended length of visit: <1 hour Owner description: With a modern design giving a unique tubular effect, London's Millennium Bridge is a 330-meter pedestrian bridge linking the City of London at St Paul's Cathedral with the new Tate Gallery at Bankside. There are newer reviews for this attraction Reviewed April 6, 2014 via mobile The Millennium Bridge is one of the landmarks in London, it was opened by the Queen in a Saturday morning on year 2000 and closed down the next day, due to the wind they had to do adjustments to re-open again. This bridge is only for pedestrians and connects The beautifull St Paul's Cathedral to the Tate Modern on the other side. On the Tate you can see modern art and also Paintings by Picasso or Degas, for free! From the bridge you'll be astonished by the view, the river thames, and also by the street performers that usually perform there. Although the bridge is safe and the landscape is beautiful be careful in windy days if you're not wearing a scarf. Visited April 2014 “Neat little bridge” Reviewed April 3, 2014 Different feel to this bridge than any other I crossed in London. Pedestrian only and has a lot of modern character going to it. I took pictures on both sides and while I was on, from various angles. Views of St Pauls, Tower Bridge, the Globe, the Thames, etc. Wish I'd come back at night but didn't have the time. Highly recommended to the photographer, anyone going to either St Pauls or Tate Modern, and I guess to Harry Potter fans (oh you HP fans, crack me up with your enthusiasm...) Visited March 2014


Who was brought to trial in 1962 and convicted of being the A6 murderer?

The Framing of Michael Stone for the Chillenden Murders: How  Prison Confessions Have Become the Antidote to PACE, by Charles  Earl The Framing of Michael Stone for the Chillenden  Murders: How Prison Confessions Have Become the Antidote to PACE Charles Earl ISSN  0267-7083                  ISBN 1 85637 566 8  An occasional publication of the Libertarian Alliance, 25 Chapter Chambers, Esterbrooke Street, London SW1P 4NN. © 2003: Libertarian Alliance; Charles Earl. Charles Earl in an independent researcher and author The views expressed in this publication are those of its author,  and not necessarily those of the Libertarian Alliance, its Committee, Advisory Council or subscribers. FOR LIFE, LIBERTY AND PROPERTY It has often been claimed, or implied, that the British legal  system is the envy of the world. It is certainly true that the finest  tenets of British and specifically of English law have been exported  to all or most of the civilised world, including the privilege  against self-incrimination, the presumption of innocence, and the  necessity of the prosecution proving its case beyond all reasonable  doubt, but as is often the case, something that sounds fine in theory  works in altogether different ways in practice. As I write these words a man is sitting in a cell in Full Sutton  high security prison, North Yorkshire, convicted of two of the most  heinous murders in modern British criminal history. As things stand  he has no chance of ever being paroled. The evidence against him - if  it can be called evidence - is that while on remand awaiting trial  for these murders he shouted a confession through the wall to the  inmate in the next cell. No, that is not a misprint, the evidence  against him, the only evidence, is that while on remand awaiting  trial for these murders he shouted a confession through the wall to  the inmate in the next cell. How did this incredible conviction come about? To understand that  we have to look at the real world in which the police and state  prosecutors operate. It is no great secret that the police in particular feel, often  with more than a little justification, that in the fight against  crime the scales are weighted heavily against them. The longer a  crime remains unsolved, or even unreported, the more difficult it is  to obtain meaningful evidence against the wrongdoer. In September  2002, the remains of 13 year old Amanda (Millie) Dowler were found in  Heath Forest, six months after she had literally vanished off the  face of the Earth. Although the police conducted a minute search of  the area, it is doubtful if any meaningful forensic evidence still  exists.1 Reliable eyewitness testimony is likely to be equally scarce, if  it should emerge; and if as in most such heinous crimes the  perpetrator acted alone, it is likely that he is the only witness. So  what are the police to do? Traditionally, the legal authorities have  relied on confessions. At one time, including in the not-so-distant  past, these were routinely extracted by torture or by the threat of  torture. The problem with this method - apart from its obvious immorality -  is that subjected to enough pain or misery, most people will eventually confess to anything, so unless a confession can be  corroborated, by for example its leading to the discovery of the  murder weapon, it is just as likely to compound the original crime by  inflicting a further injustice on a totally innocent person. But it  is not only confessions extracted under torture or by threats that  are unreliable. It is well documented that totally innocent people  will confess both freely and falsely to all manner of crimes. In 1662, Issobell Gowdie confessed to renouncing her baptism to  the Devil, being baptised in his name, and killing more than half a  dozen people. She and her accomplices had sexual relations with the  Devil, who was "abler for them sexually than any man could be.  His members were exceeding great and long, but he was as heavy as a  sack of malt and as cold as ice."2 She tra


From which opera by Mascagni does the famous Easter Hymn come?

The Easter Hymn in Cavalleria Rusticana | Luis Dias The Easter Hymn in Cavalleria Rusticana ≈ Leave a comment Easter Sunday might be the perfect time to take a closer look at an opera that is actually set on that day. A handful of us were fortunate to be able to play the whole operatic score, seated in the pit of the Siri Fort auditorium in an Indo-Italian production of Cavalleria Rusticana (Rustic Chivalry). It is a one-act opera written by Italian composer Pietro Mascagni (1863-1945) to a libretto by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci, and adapted from a play and short story by Giovanni Verga. It was written as a submission for a competition to all young Italian composers who had not yet staged an opera. Mascagni got wind of it barely weeks before the deadline. The librettists sent him the text in snippets, often on the back of a postcard; the complete opera was submitted on the final date of submission. Of the 73 entries, Cavalleria made it to the winning three. Its first performance was a grand success, with Mascagni taking forty curtain calls and it took the world’s major opera houses by storm after that. The synopsis in brief: It is Easter morn in a 19th century Italian village. The main characters are Santuzza, a peasant girl (sung by soprano); Turridu, an army recruit recently returned to his village (tenor); Lucia his mother (contralto); Alfio a cart-driver (baritone); and Lola his wife but formerly Turridu’s fiancée(mezzo-soprano). Turridu has returned to his village and is distraught that Lola has married Alfio. He therefore seduces Santuzza, making Lola jealous enough to start an adulterous affair with her old flame. You have to suspend your disbelief when it comes to operatic plots. Santuzza is viewed as the fallen woman by the village who are even contemplating getting her excommunicated, possibly because she might be pregnant although this is not overtly stated. She considers herself unworthy to enter the church for the Easter service. It is at this point that the famous Easter Hymn is sung, by the villagers and by Santuzza. Spurned one time too many by Turridu, Santuzza blurts out to Alfio that he is being cuckolded by Turridu. Alfio swears vendetta (revenge); Santuzza, horrified, tries unsuccessfully to dissuade Alfio. After the Easter service and a right royal knees-up at Turridu’s mother Lucia’s tavern, Alfio challenges him to a duel. Turridu in acceptance bites Alfio’s ear which apparently is Italian code for ‘fight unto death.’ He seems to have a premonition of his own death as he bids farewell to his mother before rushing out. An off-stage shriek by a woman “Hanno ammazzato compare Turiddu!” (They have murdered Turridu) is followed by onstage swooning of Santuzza and Lucia as the curtain falls. The ending is in fact the beginning of a tit-for-tat blood feud that will play out, perhaps for generations to come. Cavalleria Rusticana was considered the forerunner of a then-new operatic style called ‘verismo’ (realism). In the post-Romantic period, composers, notably in Italy, sought to bring the naturalism of 19th century writers such as Henrik Ibsen and Émile Zola into opera. The style is distinguished by realistic, and often violent (as in this opera) depictions of contemporary everyday life (as opposed to historical, mythical subjects favoured in the Romantic era), especially among the lower echelons of society. Other composers in addition to Mascagni who wrote verismo opera include Ruggero Leoncavallo, Umberto Giordano and Giacomo Puccini. In fact, Cavalleria is often staged alongside another one-act opera by Leoncavallo, I Pagliacci. The double bill is affectionately called Cav & Pag in operatic circles. The backdrop of Cavalleria Rusticana was used to telling effect in the last of the Godfather trilogy written by Mario Puzo and directed by Francis Ford Coppola. It is in this opera that Don Michael Corleone’s son Anthony makes his operatic debut as tenor (Turridu) in the film’s finale, in Palermo Sicily. Scenes from the opera are mirrored in the film as well: the Easter Hymn procession is


Hoover Dam | Bureau of Reclamation The Story of Hoover Dam - Articles Herbert Hoover and the Colorado River Herbert Hoover - The Man Herbert Hoover, 31st President of the United States, was a man of many interests. He was an engineer, a conservationist, a fisherman, a humanitarian, and a politician, not always in the same order. The great dam which bears his name, spanning the Colorado River to link Nevada and Arizona, stands as an enduring testimony to all of these characteristics. His years of service, both as a public official and a private citizen, reflected his lifelong passion for the outdoors and the preservation of this nation's natural resources. Characteristically, this was often expressed whimsically in what Hoover called the democracy of fishing. "All men are created equal before fishes," he explained. Early in his public career he gained widespread recognition as a conservationist. In 1922, barely a year into his tenure as Warren G. Harding's Secretary of Commerce, Hoover had already stirred environmental enthusiasm for harnessing rivers for flood control, increasing the production of fisheries, and cleaning up rivers and harbors. He spoke out before Congress in support of these and related natural resources protection issues which were then and are now -- major concerns of the Reclamation program. Hoover reiterated his support for vigorous action to safeguard the environment in a 1924 telegram to former U.S. Senator J.S. Frelinghusen of New Jersey. "I cannot state too strongly that pollution of waters under Federal control is destroying not only our fisheries, but is also destroying our beaches and endangering our harbors ..." he asserted. The Great Engineer Hoover's aggressive commitment to pollution-free streams, clean beaches, and unspoiled harbors also extended to flood control. When the Mississippi River roared over its banks in 1927, laying waste to thousands of acres of agricultural land, Hoover rushed to the scene to offer help. Known early in his career as "The Great Engineer," he was now popularized as "The Great Humanitarian." His relief efforts in America's stricken heartland foreshadowed a series of dams and locks built by the Federal government to avert similar disasters in the future. But the centerpiece of Hoover's campaign for flood control, river management, and generation of hydroelectric power was the Bureau of Reclamation's Boulder Canyon Project. Throughout recorded history, the Colorado River had caused devastation on a regular basis. Each spring the Rocky Mountains supplied a cascade of newly melted snow. Rushing to the Gulf of California unchecked, the torrent posed special dangers for the Imperial Valley of southeastern California. A particularly devastating flood hit the lower river in 1905 causing the Colorado to change course and flow uncontrolled into the Imperial Valley for more than a year. The result was the creation of the Salton Sea. The Visionary Statesman As a resident of California, Herbert Hoover had visited the Lower Colorado region often in the years before World War I. He was familiar with both its problems and its potential for development. So it came as no surprise that, upon becoming Secretary of Commerce in 1921, one of Hoover's earliest proposed initiatives was the construction of a high dam in Boulder Canyon. In addition to essential flood control, the dam would make possible the expansion of irrigated farming in the parched region. It would also provide a dependable supply of water for Los Angeles and other Southern California communities. As envisioned by Secretary Hoover, the project would be self-supporting, financed entirely through the sale of hydroelectric power generated at the dam. A plan so ambitious carried built-in pitfalls aplenty. For many years, water rights had been a source of litigation involving the states that were within the Colorado River Basin, Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. Under Hoover's prodding, the Colorado River Commission was formed to reach an equitable resolution of these interstate claims.


In the soap opera, The Colbys, which Hollywood legend played Jason Colby?

The Colbys (TV Series 1985–1987) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error This night time spin-off from the then top-rated series "Dynasty" featured the adventures of Jeff and Fallon Colby in California. Creators: Fallon's baby is still fighting for her life and at the same time Jeff and Miles await the results of the paternity test. Cash wants to leave Adrienne but little Scott persuades him otherwise. 9.6 Monica and Cash find Scott at the observatory, but the boy doesn't want anything to do with Monica. Jeff investigates Hoyt Parker to learn more about Conny's death. Kolya begs Sable to fire Gina. ... 9.5 Channing tells Miles she can't have children. In reality she's afraid of dying in childbirth like her mother. Fallon confides in Frankie. Sable insists that Channing visits a doctor for a second ... 9.4 a list of 25 titles created 14 Jun 2011 a list of 41 titles created 25 Jun 2012 a list of 40 titles created 10 Dec 2013 a list of 28 titles created 05 Jan 2015 a list of 41 titles created 3 months ago Search for " The Colbys " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Title: The Colbys (1985–1987) 6.2/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Primetime Emmy. Another    1 win & 11 nominations. See more awards  » Photos The trials and tribulations of two feuding families, the Carringtons and the Colbys, both oil rich families in Denver, Colorado. Stars: John Forsythe, Linda Evans, Joan Collins Set in the vineyards of California, this prime-time soap opera featured the conflict within the powerful Gioberti family, owners of the vast Falcon Crest Winery. Stars: Jane Wyman, Lorenzo Lamas, Chao Li Chi The soapy, backstabbing machinations of Dallas oil magnate J.R. Ewing and his family. Stars: Larry Hagman, Ken Kercheval, Patrick Duffy The misadventures of the staff and guests of the St. Gregory Hotel. Stars: James Brolin, Connie Sellecca, Nathan Cook Gary and Valene Ewing, relatives of the Ewing clan of Dallas, arrive in Knots Landing to make a new home for themselves. However, scheming Abby Fairgate-Cunningham later breaks up their marriage when she seduces Gary. Stars: Michele Lee, Ted Shackelford, Joan Van Ark This movie picks up where the series ended; well not exactly where it ended. Instead of continuing where we were when the series ended, we are now two years later. Blake Carrington has just... See full summary  » Stars: John Forsythe, Linda Evans, John James The lives and loves of a group of young adults living in "Melrose Place" in California. Each with their own dreams and drives, the inevitable conflicts, conquests, and consummations ensue. Stars: Heather Locklear, Andrew Shue, Courtney Thorne-Smith The weekly adventures of tough-as-nails veteran police officer Sgt. T.J. Hooker, who rides the beat with his rookie partner Vince Romano. Stars: William Shatner, Heather Locklear, Adrian Zmed A probationary angel sent back to earth teams with an ex-cop to help people. Stars: Michael Landon, Victor French, James Troesh John Steed and his new accomplices Purdey and Gambit find themselves facing new and deadly dangers in the bizarre world of espionage. Mixing fantasy with a darker edge, the trio face ... See full summary  » Stars: Patrick Macnee, Gareth Hunt, Joanna Lumley Two friends, one northern and one southern, struggle to maintain their friendship as events build towards the American Civil War. Stars: Kirstie Alley, Georg Stanford Brown, David Carradine When Allie Lowell divorces her husband and gets custody of their two children, she moves to New York City and moves in with her best friend, Kate McArdle, also divorced and raising a ... See full summary  » Stars: Susan Saint James, Jane Curtin, Frederick Koehler Edit Storyline Jeff Colby accepts and offer from his Uncle Jason Colby to work f


Which fish belong to the family anguillidae?

1. – Eels – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand Shortfin eels Freshwater eels are fish, and belong to the family    Anguillidae. Slow growing and long lived, they begin life in    the sea, and then spend many years in fresh water as adults.    Finally they return to sea to spawn, after which they    die. Do they bite? Many people are scared of eels, because they are     snakelike and slimy, and can slither over land. There are     very few reports of eels attacking, but if they do, their     teeth can grip. In one incident a longfin eel bit the     wetsuit of a diver, who had to use a knife to release its     hold. Features Unlike nearly all other freshwater fish, eels have a long    cylindrical shape, and continuous dorsal (back), caudal    (tail) and anal fins. They have pectoral (side) fins but no    pelvic fins. Covered in a layer of mucus, eels are extremely slippery.    Although they seem to lack scales, under the microscope you    can see a mosaic of tiny scales in the leathery, slimy    skin. Eels can travel over land, slithering through wet grass to    get to a pond or lake. As long as their skin stays moist they    can absorb oxygen through it, surviving long periods out of    water. Albino eels Occasionally people find an albino (yellow or white)     eel. These ones don’t have the usual dark colouring on     their backs for camouflage, and the yellow or white pigment     shows up clearly in the water. They often don’t last long     in the wild, as birds overhead spot them easily. Distribution Freshwater eels are found worldwide. Of 15 recognised    species, most occur in the waterways that flow into western    Pacific and Indian oceans. There are none that spawn in the    eastern Pacific or the South Atlantic.


Ailsa Craig is a popular variety of which fruit?

Tomato Seeds Ailsa Craig 180cm + Growing tomatoes from seed - cordon types. All content on this page is copyright of Simplyseed and should not be reproduced without prior writen permission. A crop of Ailsa Craig tomatoes takes around 15 weeks from seed to first harvest. Although you can sow seed from as early as late December in a heated greenhouse, it is more usual to sow in a unheated greenhouse or on the kitchen windowsill in March / April for planting out April / May. Sowing Sow the tomato seed individually in cell trays, or 2 per plant pot, using a good quality seed compost. Lightly cover over and keep moist at a temperature of 18 degrees. Seedlings should start showing around 7 days if you have the right temperature. Prick out into 9cm pots once big enough, or thin out the weaker seedling if you have direct sown in a pot. When the plants have reached 2 trues leaves, begin feeding weekly with a weak tomato feed. Growing On Once the plants are 20cm tall, they can be planted in their final positions. Because tomatoes like the warmth you will always get a earlier and bigger crop from greenhouse grown plants. Greenhouse grown plants can be planted April onwards. Plants for outside should be hardened off, before planting out. Plant under cloches in early May, otherwise leave till June and plant out then. Again this will all depend on weather and risk of frost! Carry on feeding weekly. Increase the strenght of the feed as the plant grows. We believe lack of feed is the main reason that people fail in growing a decent crop of tomatoes. In general Nitrogen fertilizer tends to boost growth, and if overdone this can be at the expense of fruit. Potassium is required throughout but especially for fruit development and ripening. Phosphorus is needed mostly for root growth. Feeds should be a balance of these and should include Trace Elements. Being a cordon variety Tomato Ailsa Craig will need support as it grows. String can be used, tied firmly to a strong support wire above and tied loosely around the base of the plant. The plants are then twisted round the string as they grow. The direction of twisting doesn’t matter, but be consistent; otherwise you will untwist the ones you did earlier! Canes can be used, but be careful that heavily loaded plants may slide down unless tied securely. At the same time make sure you don’t strangle the plant stems. Other Tasks. Sideshoots should be removed regularly before they get large. It should be possible to do this by hand but if they get too big a knife or secateurs should be used. Some leaves may need to be removed if very congested and old leaves should be removed from the bottom of the plant as they begin to age. They should snap out like sideshoots. Doing this will also allow easier picking off ripen fruits and reduce disease risk. Pests & Diseases. The worst pest for many will be White Fly. Try to avoid it by making sure there is none in the greenhouse in the first place. Many sprays are sold but the pest is not easy to control. SB Plant Invigorator is one of the best and tends to reduce White Fly and aphids, whilst at the same time giving a light feed of nitrogen. The major disease under glass is Botrytis or Grey Mould. The spores are everywhere so there is no way to keep it out, but it needs a film of moisture and warmth to develop. Good ventilation and good hygiene can do a great deal to keep it at bay. A fungicide can be used if needed. Although largely a disease of outdoor tomatoes, Potato Blight can be a problem under glass in some years. Harvesting Tomato fruits ripen in response to warmth, so during cold weather or late in the season they will ripen very slowly. At the end of the season green fruit may be ripened indoors; keep them warm. Direct sunlight contributes little to ripening and too much may well damage the fruit. Ethylene is involved in ripening and this is given off by ripening Bananas, and the tale that keeping unripe Tomatoes next to ripening Bananas will help, is true- up to a point. Remember! Beware of frost - Ailsa Craig tomato plants are not hardy.


Which orchestral musical instrument had 46 or 47 strings?

Instruments :: Philharmonia Orchestra Techniques Introduction The concert harp sound is very similar to that of its relatives only more powerful and richer in tone. Although the harp has a long history it was not really used in orchestral music until the 19th century. What brought this about was the development of a pedalling system, which enabled the player to continually change the tuning whilst playing, turning the harp into a fully chromatic instrument. The harp is not a particularly loud instrument but the sound of its attack does penetrate, so composers often only use one with an orchestra or two with a larger orchestra. The harp relies on 7 foot pedals to change the pitches of its 47 strings.  They allow the harp to play chromatic notes but this also means that composers need to be aware of the need to allow sufficient time for pedal changes. Composers tend to use harps in a variety of ways: to support harmonies by playing chords; to add definition to the start of notes, phrases or bass lines - by providing a little ‘ping' as another instrument begins to play and to create swirls of sound through glissandos – sweeping the hands across the strings in swift, flowing movements. Construction The harp is a unique instrument and many elements of how it is constructed bring light to how to play or write for the instrument. The modern harp has 47 strings and 7 pedals which raise or lower each pitch-class of strings. What that means is that the harp doesn't have any 'black notes' like the piano but rather pedals which sharpen or flatten each string of the same pitch. When the pedals are raised the strings are in their flat position and the pitches of the strings are: Cb, Db, Eb, Fb, Gb, Ab, Bb, etc. When the pedals are depressed to the middle position, turning pins stretch the string slightly, raising the pitch to a natural. Each pedal controls a different pitch so by altering the C pedal only you would have C, Db, Eb, Fb, Gb, Ab, Bb etc. Depressing the pedal further stretches the string even further, raising the pitch to C#, Db, Eb, Fb, Gb, Ab, Bb etc. Each pedal controls all the strings of that pitch (so by depressing the C pedal you change all the Cs on the harp.) This means that harpists are constantly changing their pedal positions whilst playing the instrument and in the rests. Often they'll have lots of changes to make, particularly if the piece changes key dramatically. For example if they were moving from D major (with the F and C pedals sharpened) to B major the harpist would have to sharpen 3 more sets of strings: G D and A. Pedal positions are marked in harp notation and you'll often see harpists in an orchestra checking their pedals with their feet whilst watching the conductor for their entry: if the pedals are wrong then the audience would definitely notice! The pedals are designed with key changes in mind so that each additional sharp or flat comes on the opposite side of the harp. Harp strings are made of metal gut and sometimes nylon, and are coloured to give the player a visual aid to find the right string, with all the Cs red and all the Fs black. The lowest strings are made from steel and the rest of the strings are made from gut, although some players use nylon strings for the very highest notes, as gut strings tend to break more often. About an hour before a concert you'll see the harpists on stage tuning their harps - with 47 strings it can take a long time! Range


Which Israeli seaport lies below Mount Carmel?

Haifa travel guide - Wikitravel 12 Get out Haifa [1] (Hebrew חֵיפָה Ḥefa; Arabic حَيْفَا Ḥayfā) is the third largest city in Israel and the major city in the north of the country with a population close to 270,000. Along with its immediate suburbs Kiryat Bialik, Kiryat Motskin, Kiryat Haim, Kiryat Yam, Nesher and Tirat Carmel, Haifa has a population of about 450,000. It is a seaport located on Israel's Mediterranean shoreline, below scenic Mount Carmel. Understand[ edit ] Haifa is first mentioned historically around the 3rd century CE as a small town near Shikmona , the main Jewish town in the area at that time and a center for making the traditional Tekhelet dye used for Jewish Priests' temple cloth. The archaeological site of Shikmona lies southwest of the modern Bat Galim neighborhood. The Byzantine ruled there until the 7th century, when the city was conquered — first by the Persians, then by the Arabs. In 1100, it was conquered again by the Crusaders after a fierce battle with its Jewish and Muslim inhabitants. Under Crusader rule, the city was a part of the Principality of Galilee until the Muslim Mameluks captured it in 1265. Shrine of the Báb In 1761 Daher El-Omar, Bedouin ruler of Acre and Galilee, destroyed and rebuilt the town in a new location, surrounding it with a thin wall. This event is marked as the beginning of the town's modern era. After El-Omar's death in 1775, the town was under Ottoman rule until 1918, except for two brief periods. In the years following, Haifa grew in terms of traffic, population and importance, as Akko suffered a decline. The development of Haifa increased further with the arrival of members of the German Protestant Temple Society in 1868, who settled a modern neighbourhood near the city, now known as the "German Colony". The Templers greatly contributed to the town's commerce and industry, playing an important role in its modernization. By the beginning of the 20th Century, Haifa had emerged as an industrial port city and growing population center, reflected by the establishment of facilities like the Hejaz railway and Technion. At that time Haifa District was home to approximately 20,000 inhabitants, comprised of 82% Muslim Arab, 14% Christian Arabs, and 4% Jewish residents. The Jewish population increased steadily with immigration primarily from Europe, and by 1945 the population had shifted to 38% Muslim, 13% Christian and 47% Jewish. Today, Haifa is home to Jews, Muslim and Christian Arabs, as well as small communities of Ahmadis (in Kababir), Druze (in nearby Isfiya and Daliyat al-Karmel), Bahá'ís, and others. Haifa is characterised as a mosaic of peaceful coexistence between the communities. It is the world's second holiest city among Baha'is. The phrase "Haifa works, Jerusalem prays, and Tel Aviv plays" refers to Haifa's reputation as a city of workers. A generation ago Haifa's image was that of a serious-- and somewhat dull-- labor city because of its many factories. It still has an industrial area to its north, where one of Israel's two oil refineries is located. But it also has a world-class high-tech strip in its south, in the "Matam" technology park along the beach. The park includes blue-chip tech firms such as Intel, Apple, Philips, Cisco, Qualcomm, Microsoft, and Google as well as some of Israel's largest tech firms, Elbit and Amdocs. IBM has an R&D center on the top of Mount Carmel at Haifa University and HP has a lab at the Technion, Israel's leading technological university. By plane[ edit ] Haifa has its own airport, Haifa Airport which serves flights to Eilat and charter flights to Cyprus , although the closest and only international airport is Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv, where flights arrive from all over the world. From Ben Gurion, you could connect on a flight to Haifa, although, chances are you'll have to transfer between terminals, or even airports, to Sde Dov Airport. The better option is to travel straight on to Haifa. It's less than two hours to drive, and buses, trains, taxis, and shuttles, operate on this route. The best way to get


"What is the ""Via Lactea"" of the night sky?"

Lactea - definition of Lactea by The Free Dictionary Lactea - definition of Lactea by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Lactea Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Milky Way n. 1. The galaxy containing the sun, solar system, and all of the individually visible stars in the night sky, along with various nebulae, star clusters, and dust clouds, thought to have a super-massive black hole at its center of mass. 2. The broad meandering band of faint light that consists of stars from this galaxy and is often visible in the night sky. [Middle English, translation of Latin via lactea : via, way + lactea, feminine of lacteus, milky.] Milky Way n 1. (Celestial Objects) the diffuse band of light stretching across the night sky that consists of millions of faint stars, nebulae, etc, within our Galaxy 2. (Celestial Objects) another name for the Galaxy [C14: translation of Latin via lactea] Milk′y Way′ n. the spiral galaxy containing our solar system, seen as a luminous band stretching across the night sky and composed of approximately a trillion stars. [1350–1400; Middle English, translation of Latin via lactea; compare galaxy ] Milk·y Way (mĭl′kē) The galaxy containing the solar system. It is visible as a broad band of faint light in the night sky. Milky Way The spiral galaxy home of our solar system. Its 150 billion stars extend for 500,000 light years and have existed for about 12 billion years. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:


"Which British king, born in 1769, was known as ""The Sailor King""?"

BBC - History - William IV z William IV    © William IV was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1830. He was known both as the 'Sailor King' and as 'Silly Billy'. His reign saw the passing of the Reform Act of 1832. William was born at Buckingham Palace in London on 21 August 1765. He was the third son of George III and Queen Charlotte and as such was not expected to succeed to the throne. At the age of 13 he began a career in the Royal Navy. He enjoyed his time at sea, seeing service in America and the West Indies and becoming admiral of the fleet in 1811. In 1789, he was created Duke of Clarence. From the early 1790s until 1811, William lived with his mistress, the actress Dorothy Jordan. They had 10 children who took the surname Fitzclarence. In 1811, William's oldest brother George became prince regent (later George IV) when their father was declared insane. The death of the prince regent's only daughter in 1818 resulted in a scramble among George's brothers to marry and produce heirs. The same year, William married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. With the death of George III's second son, William became heir and then, with the death of George IV, king in June 1830. He was initially very popular. His insistence on a simple coronation contrasted with the extravagance of his brother's reign. William's reign was dominated by the Reform crisis. It began almost immediately when the Duke of Wellington's Tory government, which William supported, lost the general election in August 1830. The Whigs, led by Lord Grey, came to power intent on pushing through electoral reform against strong opposition in the Commons and the Lords. Another general election in 1831 gave the Whigs a majority in the Commons but the Lords continued to reject the Reform Bill. There was a political crisis during the winter of 1831-1832, with riots in some parts of the country. The king eventually agreed to create enough new Whig peers to get the bill through the House of Lords, but the Lords, who had opposed it, backed down and it was passed. The 1832 Reform Act abolished some of the worst abuses of the electoral system and extended the franchise to the middle classes. William died on 20 June 1837, without surviving children. His niece Victoria succeeded him.


What is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria?

Liguria Italy - Essential Facts You'd Like to Know Liguria Italy Liguria Italy is that magical narrow strip of coastline stretching from the French border all the way to the top of Tuscany. The area has been attracting travellers for centuries with its resorts and beautiful beaches, favoured by its balmy weather  and turquoise waters. There are picturesque little fishing villages, small resort towns and historic port towns to admire and explore as well as the charming hillsides fragrant with the scent of lemon, olive and pine trees. Liguria boasts some 340km of coastline which is known as the Italian Riviera and is characterised by both continuous line of long beaches as well as high cliffs and spectacular coves. Genova is the capital of Liguria and is one of Italy’s most historic places. The city has a glorious past as one of history’s great maritime powers (Christopher Columbus was born here too), and an ancient center of commerce. It is Genova that marks the Ligurian coastline into two distinct parts:   Riviera di Ponente (Shore of the Setting Sun) lies on the west between the French border and Genova. This stretch is more resort-oriented and is marked with succession of long sandy beaches. It starts from France with the so-called Riviera dei Fiori (Riviera of Flowers) taking its name from the extensive flower cultivation in this area. One of the best loved spots here is the town of Sanremo, famed as the Italy’s flower capital as well as for its music festival Festival della Canzone.  The Riviera di Ponente has many important historical centers to explore from the town of Albenga to Noli and Alassio on the Riviera delle Palme ( Riviera of Palms). On this part of the Liguria coast also lie the enchanting cities like Cervo, a medieval town dominated by its great Baroque church, and Bordighera, the most exotic town of the Riviera di Ponente.   The coastline that stretches from Genova towards Tuscany is called Riviera di Levante (Shore of the Rising Sun) and its landscape is rockier with high cliffs hanging over the clear blue waters. Here you have the chance to discover the charm of many colourful fishing villages including the picturesque hamlets of Cinque Terre   and small resorts, the likes of Lerici   and Portovenere . Just east of Genova, clinging to the shores of the Monte Portofino Promontory you will find four of the coast's most appealing towns situated within a few kilometres of one another: Camogli , Santa Margherita Ligure, Rapallo, and the famous Portofino ... Liguria Italy Basic Facts


Naples is the capital of which Italian region?

Naples, Italy - VdudesV Naples, Italy Naples, Italy Naples is the capital of the Italian region Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy, after Rome and Milan. As of 2012, around 960,000 people live within the city's administrative limits. The Naples urban area has a population of between 3 million and 3.7 million, and is the 9th-most populous urban area in the European Union. Around 4 million people live in the Naples metropolitan area, one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea. Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Bronze Age Greek settlements were established in the Naples area in the second millennium BC. A larger colony – initially known as Parthenope, Παρθενόπη – developed on the Island of Megaride around the ninth century BC, at the end of the Greek Dark Ages.  The city was refounded as Neápolis in the sixth century BC and became a lynchpin of Magna Graecia, playing a key role in the merging of Greek culture into Roman society and eventually becoming a cultural centre of the Roman Republic. Naples remained influential after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, serving as the capital city of the Kingdom of Naples between 1282 and 1816. Thereafter, in union with Sicily, it became the capital of the Two Sicilies until the unification of Italy in 1861. During the Neapolitan War of 1815, Naples strongly promoted Italian unification. Naples was the most-bombed Italian city during World War II. Much of the city's 20th-century periphery was constructed under Benito Mussolini's fascist government, and during reconstruction efforts after World War II.  In recent decades, Naples has constructed a large business district, the Centro Direzionale, and has developed an advanced transport infrastructure, including an Alta Velocità high-speed rail link to Rome and Salerno, and an expanded subway network, which is planned to eventually cover half of the region. The city has experienced significant economic growth in recent decades, and unemployment levels in the city and surrounding Campania have decreased since 1999. However, Naples still suffers from political and economic corruption, and unemployment levels remain high. Naples has the fourth-largest urban economy in Italy, after Milan, Rome and Turin. It is the world's 103rd-richest city by purchasing power, with an estimated 2011 GDP of US$83.6 billion. The port of Naples is one of the most important in Europe, and has the world's second-highest level of passenger flow, after the port of Hong Kong.  Numerous major Italian companies, such as MSC Cruises Italy S.p.A, are headquartered in Naples. The city also hosts NATO's Allied Joint Force Command Naples, the SRM Institution for Economic Research and the OPE Company and Study Centre. Naples is a full member of the Eurocities network of European cities.  The city was selected to become the headquarters of the European institution ACP/UE and was named a City of Literature by UNESCO's Creative Cities Network. The Villa Rosebery, one of the three official residences of the President of Italy, is located in the city's Posillipo district. Naples' historic city centre is the largest in Europe, covering 1,700 hectares (4,200 acres) and enclosing 27 centuries of history, and is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Naples has long been a major cultural centre with a global sphere of influence, particularly during the Renaissance and Enlightenment eras.  In the immediate vicinity of Naples are numerous culturally and historically significant sites, including the Palace of Caserta and the Roman ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Culinarily, Naples is synonymous with pizza, which originated in the city. Neapolitan music has furthermore been highly influential, credited with the invention of the romantic guitar and the mandolin, as well as notable contributions to opera and folk standards. Popular characters and historical figures who have come to symbolise the city include Januarius, the patron saint of Naples, the comic figure Pulcinella, and the Sirens from the Greek epic p


Sandringham House, the private residence of the monarch, is in which English county?

The Sandringham Estate | Sandringham Estate The Sandringham Estate Season Tickets Welcome to the Sandringham Estate: The Norfolk retreat of HM The Queen. Sandringham is the much-loved country retreat of Her Majesty The Queen, and has been the private home of four generations of British monarchs since 1862. The house, set in 24 hectares of stunning gardens, is perhaps the most famous stately home in Norfolk and is at the heart of the 8,000-hectare Sandringham Estate, 240 hectares of which make up the woodland and heath of the Country Park, open to the public free of charge every day of the year. "Dear old Sandringham, the place I love better than anywhere in the world." (King George V) The Estate is a thriving mixed landscape, including the tidal mudflats of the Wash, woodland and wetland, arable, livestock and fruit farms, and commercial and residential properties; it is managed to a high standard and sustainably with the aims always of being financially self-sufficient and of providing a place of enjoyment not only for The Royal Family but also for the many thousands of visitors who come to see the House, Museum and Gardens or just to enjoy the Country Park. We hope that the pages on the left will give you some insight into the workings and aims of the Estate as a whole, as well as all the information you may need to plan your visit. Â  All information given on this website is correct to the best of our knowledge, but may be altered without notice.Â  The Sandringham Estate uses cookies on this website to create statistical data and to process orders in our online shop; by using this website you are agreeing to our use of cookies in this way. © 2017 The Sandringham Estate. All Rights Reserved.


Which Greek mathematician claimed that the earth was a sphere, revolving on its own axis?

StarTeach Astronomy Education you          are here > Famous Astronomers Great Astronomers Thales (624-547 B.C.,  Ionian) was a Greek philosopher who traveled widely in Mesopotamia and  Egypt, and brought astronomical records from these cultures back to Greece. He  believed that the Earth is a disk floating on an endless ocean. Legend has it  that he correctly predicted a solar eclipse in the year 585 B.C. Anaximander (611-547 B.C.,  Ionian) was a Greek philosopher who made the first detailed  maps of the Earth and the sky. He knew that the Earth was round, and believed  that it was free-floating and unsupported. He measured its circumference, and  was the first to put forward the idea that celestial bodies make full circles in  their orbits. One of his greatest contributions was the fact that he was the  first to conceptualize space as having depth. Pythagoras (569-475 B.C.,  Ionian) was a mathematician who put forward the idea that  the universe is made of crystal spheres that encircle the Earth. According to  him, the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars travel in separate spheres.  When the spheres touch each other, a 'music of the spheres' can be heard. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.,  Greek), the great philosopher, proved that the Earth is  spherical, and believed that it was at the center of the universe. His reason  for believing this was actually quite scientific: he knew that if the Earth  revolved around the Sun, then we should see the stars shift position throughout  the year. Since he did not have the technology to detect this shift, as we do  today, he concluded that Earth must rest at the center of the universe.  According to him, the Sun, planets, and stars were located in spheres that  revolved around the Earth. Aristarchus (310-230 B.C.,  Greek) was the first to put forward the idea that the Sun  was actually in the center of the universe. His theory was considered far too  radical. Unfortunately, history tends to forget that he came to this conclusion  about 1,750 years before Copernicus did! He also attempted to measure the  relative distances between the Earth and the Sun and the Earth and the Moon.  Even though he used a reasonable method, his results were not very accurate,  because he lacked the technological equipment to make a precise  measurement. Hipparchus (190-120 B.C.,  Greek) is widely considered to be the greatest astronomer of  ancient times. He compiled the first known star catalog to organize astronomical  objects, and also came up with a scale to define the brightnesses of stars. A  version of this magnitude system is still used today. He measured the distance  from the Earth to the Moon to be 29.5 Earth diameters (we know today that the  real value is 30 Earth diameters). Perhaps his greatest discovery was the  precession, or wobble, of the Earth's axis, which is caused by the gravitational  pull of the Sun and Moon. Claudius Ptolemy (85-165 A.D., Greek) was an astronomer who  used Hipparchus' extensive observations to develop a model that predicted the  movements of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars. His model, called the Ptolemaic  system, visualized an Earth-centered universe and assumed that all astronomical  objects move at constant speeds in circular orbits. The circle was considered by  the ancients to be the perfect shape, and regardless of the evidence against  circular orbits, Ptolemy built his model to fit this idea. The Ptolemaic model  is one of the longest upheld scientific theories in history: it was the  cornerstone of astronomy for 1,500 years. al-Khwarizmi (780-850, Islamic) was the inventor of  algebra. He developed this mathematical device completely in words, not  mathematical expressions, but based the system on the Indian numbers borrowed by  the Arabs (what we today call Arabic numerals). His work was translated into  Latin hundreds of years later, and served as the European introduction to the  Indian number system, complete with its concept of zero. Al-Khwarizmi performed  detailed calculations of t


Which Roman poet is most renowned for his poetry about love, seduction and adultery?

Ovid | Roman poet | Britannica.com Roman poet Alternative Title: Publius Ovidius Naso Ovid Hugo Grotius Ovid, Latin in full Publius Ovidius Naso (born March 20, 43 bce, Sulmo, Roman Empire [now Sulmona , Italy]—died 17 ce, Tomis, Moesia [now Constanṭa, Romania]), Roman poet noted especially for his Ars amatoria and Metamorphoses . His verse had immense influence both by its imaginative interpretations of classical myth and as an example of supreme technical accomplishment. Ovid, 18th-century illustration. Hulton Archive/Getty Images Life Publius Ovidius Naso was, like most Roman men of letters, a provincial. He was born at Sulmo, a small town about 90 miles (140 km) east of Rome . The main events of his life are described in an autobiographical poem in the Tristia (Sorrows). His family was old and respectable, and sufficiently well-to-do for his father to be able to send him and his elder brother to Rome to be educated. At Rome he embarked, under the best teachers of the day, on the study of rhetoric . Ovid was thought to have the makings of a good orator, but in spite of his father’s admonitions he neglected his studies for the verse writing that came so naturally to him. As a member of the Roman knightly class (whose rank lay between the commons and the Senate), Ovid was marked by his position, and intended by his father, for an official career. First, however, he spent some time at Athens (then a favourite finishing school for young men of the upper classes) and traveled in Asia Minor and Sicily . Afterward he dutifully held some minor judicial posts, the first steps on the official ladder, but he soon decided that public life did not suit him. From then on he abandoned his official career to cultivate poetry and the society of poets. Ovid’s first work, the Amores (The Loves), had an immediate success and was followed, in rapid succession, by the Epistolae Heroidum, or Heroides ( Epistles of the Heroines), the Medicamina faciei (“Cosmetics”; Eng. trans. The Art of Beauty), the Ars amatoria (The Art of Love), and the Remedia amoris (Remedies for Love), all reflecting the brilliant, sophisticated, pleasure-seeking society in which he moved. The common theme of those early poems is love and amorous intrigue, but it is unlikely that they mirror Ovid’s own life very closely. Of his three marriages the first two were short-lived, but his third wife, of whom he speaks with respect and affection, remained constant to him until his death. At Rome Ovid enjoyed the friendship and encouragement of Marcus Valerius Messalla, the patron of a circle that included the poet Albius Tibullus , whom Ovid knew only for a short time before his untimely death. Ovid’s other friends included the poets Horace and Sextus Propertius and the grammarian Hyginus. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent Having won an assured position among the poets of the day, Ovid turned to more-ambitious projects, the Metamorphoses and the Fasti (“Calendar”; Eng. trans. Ovid’s Fasti). The former was nearly complete, the latter half finished, when his life was shattered by a sudden and crushing blow. In 8 ce the emperor Augustus banished him to Tomis (or Tomi; near modern Constanṭa , Romania) on the Black Sea . The reasons for Ovid’s exile will never be fully known. Ovid specifies two, his Ars amatoria and an offense which he does not describe beyond insisting that it was an indiscretion (error), not a crime (scelus). Of the many explanations that have been offered of that mysterious indiscretion, the most probable is that he had become an involuntary accomplice in the adultery of Augustus’s granddaughter, the younger Julia, who also was banished at the same time. In 2 bce her mother, the elder Julia , had similarly been banished for immorality, and the Ars amatoria had appeared while that scandal was still fresh in the public mind. Those coincidences, together with the tone of Ovid’s reference to his offense, suggest that he behaved in some way that was damaging both to Augustus’s program of moral reform and to the honour of the imperial family. Since his