Who was snooker World Champion in 1990, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 & 99?

World Snooker Facts | Snooker News | Sky Sports Sky Bet World Snooker Facts We pick out the best facts and stats ahead of the World Championship at the Crucible in Sheffield. Last Updated: 16/04/13 4:13pm The perfect clearance The fastest 147 maximum break in snooker history came at the World Championship and was achieved by Ronnie O'Sullivan in 1997. O'Sullivan made his perfect clearance in just five minutes and 20 seconds, against Mick Price. Price, who was making his third Crucible appearance, never qualified for another World Championship. There have been ten 147 maximum breaks in the televised stages of the World Championship. Two players have made three of those each, and no prizes for guessing Stephen Hendry and O'Sullivan are those men responsible. Scots on top Scottish players have won 12 of the last 23 World Championship titles, with Hendry claiming seven (1990-92-93-94-95-96-99), John Higgins four (1998-2007-2009-2011) and Graeme Dott one (2006). The Sultan of Snooker Derbyshire player Joe Davis was the first world champion in 1927 and won all 15 editions of the tournament he entered. His last title came in 1946 when he retired unbeaten from the World Championship but kept playing in other tournaments. First competition The first event, staged in Birmingham, offered prize money of £6 10s. Only two players entered the 1931 World Championship. Tom Dennis, in whose pub the event was staged, lost 25-21 to Joe Davis. Davis, who won eight world titles, reached the 1978 semi-finals at the age of 64. His brother, the great Joe Davis, sadly collapsed while watching the match and died two months later. Great Scot The youngest world champion was Hendry in 1990. The Scot was just 21 when he beat Jimmy White 18-12. Qualifier to final In 2005 Shaun Murphy became the first player to come through qualifying and win the world title. Judd Trump almost matched him in 2011 but lost out to John Higgins in the final. Black ball final Television audience of 18.5million watched Dennis Taylor beat Steve Davis on the final black in the 1985 final. Six finals Jimmy White, Walter Donaldson and Fred Davis have each lost six finals - a record. White, unlike Donaldson and Davis, has never been a world champion. Whitewash There has been only one whitewash in a match at the World Championship. It came in the first round in 1992, when 62-year-old Australian Eddie Charlton was beaten 10-0 by defending champion John Parrott. Crucible Theatre The Crucible Theatre has a maximum seating capacity of 980. Recent champions have been said to be struck by the 'Crucible Curse', with the effect that no player has successfully defended his title the following year since Stephen Hendry won his five in a row from 1992 to 1996. Only Ken Doherty of the champions since Hendry's win has returned to reach the following year's final, losing out in 1998 to John Higgins. Two world titles Doherty is the only player to have won the amateur and professional world titles, registering his win in the unpaid ranks in 1989 before pocketing £210,000 for triumphing at the Crucible in 1997.


In cooking, the unpleasant smelling gas that is produced when you over-cook cabbage is a compound of which element?

What Is the Smelliest Molecule - Chemical Compound Updated July 13, 2016. Question: What Is the Worst Smelling Chemical? Answer: There isn't an official stink-o-meter used to gauge the smelliness of a molecule or compound. How bad something smells is a matter of opinion, but most opinions favor the following substances: Smelliest Simple Molecule Both of these stinky molecules contain sulfur, which also accounts for the fragrance of rotten eggs and onions. The molecules are detectable at concentrations of ~2 parts per million . ethyl mercaptan (C2H5SH) This man-made molecule is toxic. Inhalation can cause nausea, headaches, lack of coordination, as well as kidney and liver damage. I've smelled this one and personally don't think it's too noxious (skunk is worse). Some people believe it smells like a combination of rotting onion and cabbage, mixed in with a bit of sewer gas. I think it smells a bit more like old rancid buttered popcorn. This molecule is very volatile and can be smelled in low concentrations, so it is used as a warning odorant for liquid propane gas.   continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge butyl seleno-mercaptan (C4H9SeH) This is a natural molecule , produced by skunks. Skunk spray is bad, but modern science has produced odors that are even more vile. Smelliest Compound These man-made compounds are more complex and arguably stinkier than the simpler molecules. They also have catchy names. "Who-Me?" Five ingredients are used to make this sulfur-based chemical, which smells of rotting carcasses. "Who-Me?" was developed during World War II so that French resistance fighters could humiliate German soldiers by making them stink. In practice, it was very difficult to restrict the application of the chemical to the intended target.   "US Government Standard Bathroom Malodor" American chemists developed this combination of eight molecules, said to emit a stench resembling that of human feces, to test the effectiveness of air fresheners and deodorizers.


Lobjoits, Webbs Wonderful and Winter Density are varieties of which summer vegetable?

Butter Lettuces Soft Round Heads and Frilly Leaves Photo by: DK - The Complete Gardener's Guide © 2011 Dorling Kindersley Limited DK - The Complete Gardener's Guide , 2011 Dorling Kindersley Limited Probably the easiest and most rewarding of crops, fast-growing lettuce can be grown in the smallest of spaces, including containers, and will provide you with fresh salads all summer and even into the winter months. How to Grow Lettuce needs a bright spot, shaded from midday sun, and grows best at temperatures of 50–68 degrees F. It also prefers moist, free-draining soil, improved with well-rotted organic matter. For an early-summer harvest, sow hardy types outdoors in the late winter. Tender varieties can also be sown under cover in the winter and early spring, 1/2-inch deep in modules to be planted outside when the frost has passed. For summer crops, sow outdoors once temperatures rise to above 41 degrees F. Lettuce should be thinned or planted 6–12 inches apart, but this depends on the variety, so always check the packet. Keep plants well watered, especially during dry spells to help prevent bolting, and weed them often to reduce competition. Loose-leaf varieties can be harvested leaf by leaf as soon as they are large enough; harvest traditional hearting varieties as soon as a small heart develops, cutting them cleanly through their stems with a sharp knife. To prevent disease, clear away all plant debris after picking. Types of Lettuce to Try  These various varieties of lettuce will provide you with a health mix of crisp greens: Loose-leaf: Try ‘Cocarde’, ‘Delicato’, ‘Fristina’, ‘Granada’, ‘Green Salad Bowl’, ‘Lollo Bionda’, ‘Lollo Rossa’, ‘Red Salad Bowl’, ‘Rossa a Foglia Riccia da Tavolo’ and ‘Verde a Foglia Riccia’  Butter: Try ‘All The Year Round’, ‘Buttercrunch’, ‘Cassandra’, ‘Clarion’, ‘Marvel of Four Seasons’, ‘Mottistone’ and ‘Tom Thumb’ Romaine: Try ‘Chartwell’, ‘Dazzle’, ‘Freckles’, ‘Frisco’, ‘Little Gem’, ‘Little Gem Pearl’, ‘Lobjoits Green Cos’, ‘Nymans’, ‘Pandero’, ‘Parris Island’, ‘Pinokkio’, ‘Tintin’ and ‘Winter Gem’ Head: Try ‘Challenge’, ‘Frisee’, ‘Great Lakes’, ‘Iceberg’, ‘Mini Green Improved’, ‘Radicchio’, ‘Red Iceberg’, ‘Saladin’, ‘Webbs Wonderful’ and ‘Winter Density’  Cut-and-Come-Again In addition to lettuce varieties, quick-maturing leaf crops are perfect for growing as a fresh and plentiful crop. Just one sowing will provide you with tasty leaves for several weeks. Like, lettuce, cut-and-come-again greens thrive in small areas, making them an ideal way to grow salad if you have limited space. How to Grow As the name suggests, cut-and-come-again crops are sown, harvested young, left to grow back, then cropped again. Leafy crops are best suited to this approach, and you can buy seed mixes for different tastes and uses. Sow seeds as you would lettuces indoors in early spring in pots, or outside in pots or into well-drained, fertile soil, once the temperature has risen above 41 degrees F. After two to three weeks leaves should be ready to pick. To harvest, either pick the larger leaves individually, leaving the smaller ones to grow, or cut back the whole plant with scissors. The latter approach is quicker, although the plants are slower to recover. Once they have regrown, however, plants can be harvested again in the same way. Plants will regrow a number of times, but for the strongest crop, resow a fresh batch every three weeks for a succession. Keep the plants well watered at all times, and feed crops in containers every two weeks. Clear plant debris after picking to avoid diseases, and keep plants well weeded. The Complete Gardener's Guide © 2011 Dorling Kindersley Limited Next Up


An image of which English cathedral appeared on the back of £20 notes issued between 1999 and 2007?

Elgar £20 note no longer legal tender - Telegraph Bank accounts Elgar £20 note no longer legal tender Have a look in your wallet: any £20 notes with the image of Edward Elgar on  them will not be legal tender after June 30 this year. Sir Edward Elgar's face on a £20 note will disappear from circulation after June 30 Photo: ALAMY By Harry Wallop , Consumer Affairs Editor 11:03AM GMT 08 Mar 2010 Comments This means that shops no longer have to accept the notes, and it is up to banks whether they agree to swap notes after this date. From July 1 only notes with the image of Adam Smith, the Scottish economist, will be legal tender. These notes came into circulation in March 2007. About 10 per cent of all £20 notes in circulation – equating to 150 million notes, worth £3 billion – are the old versions featuring the English composer. They were introduced in June 1999 along with a view of the west face of Worcester Cathedral, replacing the previous series of notes featuring Michael Faraday, the physicist, and before that William Shakespeare. The Adam Smith design was introduced to cut down on forgeries. The new £20 design included more of the printed words raised and a greater number of flecks that show bright red and green under an ultraviolet light. Old notes will eventually be sent to one of the official Government incinerators, where they will burned alongside damaged notes. A small amount of thermoelectric power is generated by these sites, which also burn illegal tobacco seized by HM Revenue & Customs at British ports. Related Articles


In James Bond films who played Miss Moneypenny from 'Goldeneye' in 1995 to 'Die Another Day' in 2002?

Miss Moneypenny (Samantha Bond) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Miss Moneypenny (Samantha Bond) Miss Moneypenny, is a fictional character in the James Bond novels and films. She is secretary to M , who is Bond's boss and head of the British Secret Service . Contents Film biography Shared Background According to the movie You Only Live Twice , Moneypenny holds the rank of Second Officer in the Women's Royal Naval Service. GoldenEye Moneypenny is first heard when she briefs Bond on the profile of Xenia Onatopp and the yacht Manticore. She makes her first appearance in GoldenEye when James , who had returned from his evaluation and attempt to stop the EMP-hardened helicopter, comes into M's office, only to see the secretary, wearing a dress and Moneypenny jokes about it and soon explained that she went to a theater with a gentleman and as they walk down to the meeting room, James reminds Moneypenny that they should have had one but she replies that he never had her. She soon has 007 moved into the briefing room before M came in. Tomorrow Never Dies Later she calls Bond, who is 'studying' Danish with a professor and tells him to get back as M needs him and soon insults Bond, calling him a 'cunning linguist' before hanging up and turns to see M is behind her and says 'Don't ask.' Which M replies 'Don't tell.' Upon hearing tat Bond should talk to Elliot Carver's wife and old friend of Bond, Paris , Moneypenny wants to know how much pumping is needed. After Bond blew up the stealth boat that destroyed a British ship and had the Chinese accused, M tells Moneypenny to write in the report that "Carver went sailing and was found missing, presumed dead. Authorities believe he committed suicide". The World is Not Enough Bond returns from his mission in Spain and Moneypenny asks him if he brought her any souvenirs. He passes her the untouched cigar and she accepts, but immediately into the waste paper basket. Later in Scotland, Moneypenny chides the MI6 doctor, Molly Warmflash , for accepting Bond's sexual advances in return for a clean bill of health. Die Another Day Moneypenny has a smaller screen presence here. Towards the end of the movie, she experiments with Q 's virtual technology device and pretends she's making out with Bond. This is a stark shift from the previous films in which she had no romantic interest in Bond. Behind the scenes In 1995 Samantha Bond took over the role of Miss Moneypenny for the film GoldenEye . In keeping with the post-Cold War tone of GoldenEye, Bond's Moneypenny is portrayed as more feisty than previous incarnations of the character and just as capable of keeping pace with Bond's witticisms. After Pierce Brosnan disclosed that he would not be returning to the role of James Bond in 2004, Samantha Bond also stated she would not be returning, feeling that her Moneypenny was closely linked to Brosnan's Bond. On October 14, 2005 at an official press conference, Bond producer Michael G. Wilson announced Miss Moneypenny and Q , two staples in virtually every Bond film, were not in the current draft of the script of the latest iteration of the Bond franchise, Casino Royale . Miss Moneypenny does not appear in the film, nor does she appear in Quantum of Solace . Gallery Trivia In a commercial for London's 2012 Olympic bid, Samantha Bond once again suited up as Miss Moneypenny. She appeared alongside Roger Moore , who played 007 between 1973-1985.


In which country were the Tonton Macoute active?

The Tonton Macoutes: The Central Nervous System of Haiti’s Reign of Terror – COHA COHA 8369 10 Commentshttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.coha.org%2Ftonton-macoutes%2FThe+Tonton+Macoutes%3A+The+Central+Nervous+System+of+Haiti%E2%80%99s+Reign+of+Terror2010-03-11+18%3A15%3A34COHAhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.coha.org%2F%3Fp%3D8369 A Malediction on Haitian Society Few countries in the hemisphere have suffered through such an extensive run of unqualified repressive regimes and military dictatorships as Haiti. The nearly thirty years of harsh rule under François “Papa Doc” Duvalier, and his son, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier that ended in 1986, are likely the most infamous epoch in the painful history of this small French-Creole nation that occupies the western third of the Caribbean island of La Hispaniola. Certainly, the main tool for the maintenance of the regime’s grasp on the population through much of this period was the “Tonton Macoutes,” renamed in 1971 as the Milice de Voluntaires de la Sécurité Nationale —MVSN (Volunteers for National Security). Although this organization no longer formally exists, its legacy of paramilitary violence and sheer brutality still contorts Haitian modern political and economic cultures. The Birth of Terror In 1959, only two years after becoming president, “Papa Doc” created a paramilitary force that would report only to him and would be fully empowered to use unremitting violence to maintain the new administration’s authority to summarily dispose of its enemies. This marked the birth of one of the most brutal paramilitary organizations in the hemisphere and was justified by the leader’s profound paranoia towards the threat posed by the regular armed forces. Haiti’s military began to steadily lose a great deal of authority with the consolidation of the François Duvalier regime, which it would not recover until 1986, when the pressure coming from senior military officers played a major role in the fall of Jean-Claude. A spate of coups followed, with military figures occupying the vacancy left by “Baby Doc.” The Haitians nicknamed this warlord-led goon squad the “Tonton Macoutes,” after the Creole translation of a common myth, about an “uncle” (Tonton) who kidnaps and punishes obstreperous kids by snaring them in a gunnysack (Macoute) and carrying them off to be consumed at breakfast. Consequently, these torturers, kidnapers and extortionists were feared not only by children, but also by the country’s general population, as well as by opposition members and business men not willing to make enforced pay-offs to the authorities. The militia consisted mostly of illiterate fanatics that were converted into ruthless zombie-like gunmen. Their straw hats, blue denim shirts, dark glasses and machetes remain indelibly etched in the minds of millions of Haitians. Ever since its establishment, this brutal organization had free rein to act unreservedly, disregarding any ethical or civil rights of the citizenry that might interfere with its indiscriminate violence. They were not accountable to any state branch, court or elected body, but rather only to their leader, “Papa Doc.” The Second Most Feared Man in Haiti The dictator’s hold on power was guaranteed by the secret police’s terror campaign, and usually, the head of the “Macoutes,” was considered to be extremely close to the dictator. This was especially true under President François Duvalier. Luckner Cambronne was a particularly fierce head of the “Tonton Macoutes” throughout the 1960’s and the beginning of the 1970’s, for two reasons: first, because he was considered perhaps the most powerful and influential man in Haiti during the transition from “Papa” to “Baby Doc,” and second, because of his unique brand of cruelty that enabled him to become very rich and earned him the nickname “Vampire of the Caribbean.” As a result of his close relationship with “Papa Doc,” Luckner climbed rapidly up Haiti’s power structure and he became the chief plotter of the extortions carried out by his henchmen. Later, he profited by supplying corpses and blood to universities and hospitals in t


What is the most widely spoken African language?

17 Most Commonly Spoken Languages in Africa | AFKInsider 17 Most Commonly Spoken Languages in Africa Print Igbo-Ukwu celebrates at the New Yam Festival Photo: mynewswatchtimesng.com Put your finger on the linguistic map of any African country, and a multitude of languages are likely to be heard there. The Niger-Congo region alone is home to speakers of more than 1000 languages. Here are the top 17 most commonly spoken languages in Africa. Sources: nairaland.com, nationsonline.org This article was first published Feb. 18, 2014. Worldbibles.org Dholuo Dholuo is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by around 6 million people in Africa, especially the Luo group in Kenya and Tanzania. The language is closely related to the Sudanese languages Nuer, Bari, Jur chol and Lep Achol. Wikimedia.org Afrikaans Afrikaans is a hybrid of several Dutch dialects brought to Africa by Dutch settlers in the 18th century. Today it is spoken in South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. It’s a dynamic language that borrows from French, German, Portuguese, Malay and a few other languages. There are nearly 7 million Afrikaans speakers in South Africa and it has one of the largest distributions of any language in the country. There are 15-to-23 million Afrikaans speakers worldwide. Wikipedia.org Xhosa Xhosa is one of the official languages of South Africa and is spoken by about 7.69 million people. Xhosa is a tonal language, so a consonant or vowel can have a different meaning depending on how it’s pronounced. Some of the most distinguishing features in Xhosa are the click consonants made by clicking the tongue. has.vcu.edu 10. IsiZulu (Zulu) More than 10 million people in South Africa know this beautiful language, spoken mostly in the eastern part of the country. Its tongue clicks are a unique facet found only in other indigenous South African tribal languages such as Xhosa which fall into the Bantu language group. Zulu is written with Latin characters (the ! denotes a tongue click), but was not recorded in writing until European missionaries descended upon South Africa. Today, Zulu has experienced a resurgence and is used widely in the South African media. Sources: africanlanguages.com, en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia.org Portuguese Portuguese is an official language in Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and Equatorial Guinea. African Countries of Portuguese Official Language (PALOP) exists as an organization in Africa dedicated to spreading the Portuguese culture. There are roughly 14 million Portuguese speakers in Africa. Wikipedia.org Somali Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Somalia, the Somali diaspora, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Yemen and Kenya. It is the second most commonly spoken Cushitic language after Oromo. As of 2014, an estimated 15 million people in Africa spoke Somali. Driverlayer.com Fulani Fulani is spoken across 20 African countries in West and Central Africa. Part of the Niger-Congo language family, it is used as the first language by some groups in Guinea, Cameroon and Sudan. Fulani is an official language of Senegal, Nigeria, and Guinea. It’s difficult to pin down exactly how many people speak Fulani regularly. A 2011 estimate puts African Fulani speakers at 18 million on the continent. Wikimedia.org Berber This is a family of dialects popular in North Africa, specifically in Algeria and Morocco. Smaller communities in Libya, Tunisia, Mali, Egypt and a few other countries speak the language as well. Berber has been a constitutional national language of Algeria since 2001 and of Morocco since 2011. An estimated 20 million people speak Berber. igboguide.org 9. Igbo More than 24 million people speak the native language of the Igbo, an ethnic nation found in Southeast Nigeria who continue to struggle for an independent state. While there are more than 20 dialects — all written in Latin characters on account of British colonization — Central Igbo is the most prevalent dialect. Linguists are in awe of this tonal language. It features words that sound the same, but a slight change in tone will alter th


Doncaster North parliamentary constituency - Election 2015 - BBC News BBC News, Yorkshire standard James Vincent is still at his desk in Broadcasting Centre in Leeds in the final furlong of a long general election night. He can still manage a weary smile though, as he finishes his reports before heading for a sleep. He's been in Sheffield, Rotherham and Doncaster overnight covering events for Look North. His shift has included the news of the resignation of Doncaster North MP Ed Miliband from the Labour Party leadership and Sheffield Hallam 's Nick Clegg as Liberal Democrat head. 13:13 Two of South Yorkshire's MPs stand down as national party leaders after poor performances in the general election. 12:37 Labour leader Ed Miliband has resigned as Labour leader following his party's defeat in the general election. 12:32 Miliband resigns as Labour leader Doncaster North MP Ed Miliband has announced his resignation as leader of the Labour Party. 09:53 standard All the General Election results have now been counted and announced for the Yorkshire and Humber region. It's been an eventful night with some surprising winners and losers. Image copyright Reuters Ed Balls became the highest-profile casualty of a Labour's General Election performance, losing his seat to the Conservatives in a shock result in Morley and Outwood. The former shadow chancellor lost by just 422 votes after a nail-biting recount. Elsewhere in West Yorkshire, Respect leader George Galloway lost his seat in Bradford West to Labour's Naseem Shah. Earlier, he was reported to police by Bradford Council for allegedly breaking election laws. Image copyright AP In South Yorkshire, the Labour and Liberal Democrat party leaders survived, with Ed Miliband retaining his Doncaster North seat and Nick Clegg keeping hold of Sheffield Hallam with a 2,353 majority. However, question marks remain over the future of both leaders given their parties disappointing performances. Across to Great Grimsby and hopes of a UKIP victory fell flat with the party ranking third, behind a Labour win. 05:40 iFrame Constituency profile The seat of Doncaster North is home to one of the few remaining coalmines operating in Yorkshire. The Hatfield Colliery employs 420 staff in Labour leader Ed Miliband's constituency, and played a starring role in the 1996 film Brassed Off. It has the 24th highest proportion of people working in mining of any constituency in England and Wales, according to ONS 2011 Census figures. Traditionally one of the most working-class seats in the country, one in five of the population works in construction or manufacturing and high proportions of people are employed in retail. Like other South Yorkshire mining seats, Doncaster North is a Labour stronghold. However, following the "Donnygate" local government corruption scandal in the 1990s, Labour lost control of the council. In 2010, Labour's Ed Miliband held the seat with 47.3% of the votes; Conservatives got 21%, Liberal Democrats 14.9% and BNP 6.8%.


Which Charles Dickens character lived in Satis House?

The symbol of Satis House in Great Expectations from LitCharts | The creators of SparkNotes Theme Wheel Satis House is a symbol of frustrated expectations. The word "satis" comes from the Latin word for "enough," and the house must have been given its name as a blessing or as a premonition that its residents would be satisfied with the lives they led between its walls. Yet throughout the novel, Satis House houses nothing but dashed dreams and bitter disappointments. Miss Havisham turns the house into a shrine to her betrayal by Compeyson for twenty years. Likewise, Pip's most tenderly cherished expectation—that he will marry Estella—is formed and destroyed at Satis House. The disappointments Satis House contains can only be repaired at the expense of the house itself. Thus, Miss Havisham rediscovers her heart just as her wedding chambers are destroyed by fire. Thus, Pip and Estella look towards a happier relationship only after the house is razed. Satis House Quotes in Great Expectations The Great Expectations quotes below all refer to the symbol of Satis House. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). Note: all page and citation info for the quotes below refers to the Dover Publications edition of Great Expectations published in 2001. Book 1, Chapter 15 Quotes Miss Havisham and Estella and the strange house and the strange life appeared to have something to do with everything that was picturesque. Related Characters: Pip Pirrip (speaker), Estella Havisham, Miss Havisham Related Symbols: Satis House Download it! Satis House Symbol Timeline in Great Expectations The timeline below shows where the symbol Satis House appears in Great Expectations. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. Book 3, Chapter 43 ...of shopping for more gentlemanly goods). Told at Richmond that Estella has gone back to Satis House , Pip feels disconcerted—he has always chaperoned her trip in the past. (full context) Pip travels back to the village to visit Satis House and is surprised to run into Bentley Drummle at the Blue Boar. The two have... (full context) Book 3, Chapter 44 Pip goes to Satis House and explains to Miss Havisham and Estella that he has met his patron but doesn't... (full context) Book 3, Chapter 49 Pip asks about Estella's past. Miss Havisham tells him Mr. Jaggers brought Estella to Satis House after Miss Havisham asked him to find her an orphan girl. She does not know... (full context) Book 3, Chapter 59 Still, Pip secretly wishes to revisit the site of Satis House for Estella's sake. He has heard that she has been abused by and separated from... (full context) Cite This Page Choose citation style: Ross, Margaret. "Great Expectations Symbols: Satis House." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 16 Sep 2013. Web. 19 Jan 2017. Ross, Margaret. "Great Expectations Symbols: Satis House." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 16 Sep 2013. Web. 19 Jan 2017. Ross, Margaret. "Great Expectations Symbols: Satis House." LitCharts LLC, September 16, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2017. http://example.org/lit/great-expectations/symbols/satis-house. Ross, Margaret. "Great Expectations Symbols: Satis House." LitCharts LLC, September 16, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2017. http://example.org/lit/great-expectations/symbols/satis-house. Copy to Clipboard


Who founded the Kelmscott Press in 1891?

William Morris and the Kelmscott Press | Cleveland Museum of Art The Golden Legend (1892), Golden type. The Historyes of Troye (1892), Troy type. The Order of Chivalry (1892), Chaucer type. This woodcut title page was designed by William Morris for the only Kelmscott book to use a non-Morris type. Atlanta in Calydon's (1894) Greek passages were set from Macmillan electrotype. Miller argues that work such as The Water of Wondrous Isles (1897) should be read as "simultaneously archaic and futuristic."8 This invoice from prominent London book dealer Bernard Quaritch dated October 3, 1917, provides the only known documentation of the Marlatts' collecting. A William Morris and the Kelmscott Press "The most celebrated private press in the history of printing"1 was founded by William Morris (1834-1896) in 1891. At age 56, Morris was internationally known for the furniture, stained glass, wallpaper, and textiles sold through his firm, Morris & Co; for his many literary works; and for founding the breakaway Socialist League. Morris wanted to return to pre-Industrial production methods because he claimed printing had reached a low point. He embarked on what he termed his "typographical adventure" at his Oxfordshire home, Kelmscott Manor. Biographer Fiona MacCarthy explains that the Press was Morris' most personal project in both form and content: he executed detailed design work and supervised an overall aesthetic in order to publish his own writings and to distribute texts of great personal significance. Admirers marvel at the artistry of the books, but the productivity of the Press is equally impressive. In just seven years, they produced over 22,000 copies of 53 titles. The most famous of these is The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (1896), known as the Kelmscott Chaucer, which Secretary of the Press Sydney Cockerell identifies as their most important achievement. Initially, Morris was so eager to start that he printed the first book in 1891 before Walter Crane's slated illustrations were even finished. The Glittering Plain, which appeared with engravings in 1894, was the only title printed twice at the Kelmscott Press. The success of Kelmscott was due to the talents of men like editor F. S. Ellis (1830-1901), illustrator Edward Burne-Jones (1833-1898), and engraver W. H. Hooper (1834-1912). Morris originally hired the young Sydney Cockerell (1867-1962) to catalog his personal library but he "soon made himself indispensable"2 and was ultimately Morris' literary executor. His diary and records constitute the most significant primary sources available on the Press. Upon his deathbed, Morris asked Cockerell to continue the Kelmscott Press. Cockerell wanted to close the Press to preserve the integrity and quality of Morris' publications. It took a year and a half to finish all existing projects and to close the Press. Aesthetic of the Press The Kelmscott style is very consistent, unlike some small presses which make separate design decisions for each title. All the volumes feature thick, handmade linen paper; Morris' ideal margin proportions; and durable, handsewn binding. On the Albion letterpress, Morris insisted on old-fashioned black ink so difficult to use that the printers threatened to strike. Poems by the Way (1891) was the first Kelmscott book to appear in two colors. Love is Enough (1897), which also used blue ink, is one of just two tri-colored volumes by the Press. Morris designed each of the three Kelmscott fonts. The Golden Legend (1892) uses the Press' first type, a roman now referred to as Golden. The black-letter Troy type is named after the book in which it first appeared. Chaucer type, a smaller version of Troy designed for use in the mammoth Chaucer, first appeared in The Order of Chivalry (1892). The plain Kelmscott covers arguably belie their handsome contents, but they create a dramatic contrast with highly ornamented pages such as Morris' woodcut title and border found in Charles Algernon Swinburne's Atlanta in Calydon (1894). The beauty of the Kelmscott books is unquestioned; the technical handiwork marks the hig


6 of the 10 tallest buildings in Europe are in which capital city?

The 10 Tallest New Buildings From Around The World | The Huffington Post The 10 Tallest New Buildings From Around The World 01/05/2015 11:10 am ET | Updated Jan 05, 2015 150 This story originally appeared on ArchDaily . by Michael Aynsley The following list, originally published on BuzzBuzzHome , is based on data from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat , the recognized authority on skyscraper height. With the number of officially “tall” buildings -- at least 656 feet (200 meters) -- doubling over the next ten years, and the number of “megatall” buildings -- at least 1,969 feet (600 meters) -- expected to jump from two to 10 by 2020, building construction around the world is literally reaching new heights. Indeed, this year alone 10 new skyscrapers of at least 1,110 feet (338 meters) will be completed. They are 2015′s tallest buildings… 10. ADNOC Headquarters in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates -- 1,122 feet (342 meters) © Mohd. Akhter Hasan/Flickr Floors: 76 Global ranking upon completion: 62nd tallest Interesting fact: The new headquarters for the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company is, somewhat ironically, being built to LEED Gold green building certification. 9. Forum 66 Tower 2 in Shenyang, China -- 1,150 feet (351 meters) © z0rg/SkyscraperCity Floors: 68 Global ranking upon completion: 56th tallest Interesting fact: When fully complete, the 9.3 million-square-foot, multi-building complex will include a mall, hotel, office space, residential units and a subway. Tower 2, the office portion of the project, will be the tallest building in Shenyang. 8. OKO Tower in Moscow, Russia -- 1,155 feet (352 meters) © SOM Height: 85 Global ranking upon completion: 55th tallest Interesting fact: The tower is part of Moscow’s thriving International Business Center, a mixed-use district centrally located within the Russian metropolis and loosely based on London’s Canary Wharf and Paris’s La Défense. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, the same architecture firm behind One World Trade Center in New York City and the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. 7. Vostok Tower in Moscow, Russia -- 1,224 feet (373 meters) via wikipedia Floors: 95 Global ranking upon completion: 43rd tallest Interesting fact: Like OKO, the Vostok Tower is also part of Moscow’s fast-growing business district. Once the building is topped off, it will be the tallest in Europe. 6. Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 in Dalian, China -- 1,257 feet (383 meters) © NBBJ Floors: 80 Global ranking upon completion: 37th tallest Interesting fact: Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 is one of five skyscrapers in the Eton Place Dalian development, which also includes a 62-story building and four 42-story towers. 5. Capital Market Authority Tower in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia -- 1,263 feet (385 meters) © hok Floors: 79 Global ranking upon completion: 34th tallest Interesting fact: The tower’s external layer of fins, gantries and perforated panels are there to shade the building from the unrelenting desert sun. 4. 432 Park Avenue in New York City -- 1,397 feet (426 meters) © dbox for CIM Group and Macklowe Properties Floors: 85 Global ranking upon completion: 22nd tallest Interesting fact: As it has already been topped off, 432 Park Avenue is the tallest building in the the Western Hemisphere. The building’s most expensive unit on the market, Penthouse 94, is a full-floor, 8,255-square-foot six-bedroom with a $82.5 million price tag. That’s $9,994 per square foot. 3. Marina 101 in Dubai -- 1,399 feet (426 meters) © Sheffield Holdings Limited Floors: 101 Global ranking upon completion: 21st tallest Interesting fact: Construction on Marina 101, Dubai’s second tallest tower, originally began in 2006 but was stalled due to the global financial crisis. The project will finally be completed in the early part of 2015. 2. Wuhan Center in Wuhan, China -- 1,437 feet (438 meters) © ECADI Floors: 88 Global ranking upon completion: 19th tallest Interesting fact: The tower’s aerodynamic shape was designed to reduce wind resistance and the vortex action that builds up around super-tall towers. 1. Shanghai Tower in


What is another name for the Chinese Gooseberry?

Chinese gooseberry - definition of Chinese gooseberry by The Free Dictionary Chinese gooseberry - definition of Chinese gooseberry by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Chinese+gooseberry Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Chinese gooseberry (Plants) another name for kiwi fruit Chi′nese goose′berry n. a Chinese climbing shrub, Actinidia chinensis, of the family Actinidiaceae, cultivated in New Zealand for its edible fruit. Compare kiwi (def. 2). [1920–25] Noun 1. Chinese gooseberry - climbing vine native to China; cultivated in New Zealand for its fuzzy edible fruit with green meat kiwi fruit , Chinese gooseberry , kiwi - fuzzy brown egg-shaped fruit with slightly tart green flesh Actinidia , genus Actinidia - small Asiatic woody vine bearing many-seeded fruit vine - a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface 2.


Which company makes the Sea King helicopter?

Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King Share Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. "SH-3" redirects here. For other uses, see SH3 (disambiguation) . SH-3 Sea King US Navy SH-3H Sea King helicopters Role Retired by United States Navy in 2006 Status Westland Sea King The Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King (company designation S-61) is an American twin-engined anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter designed and built by Sikorsky Aircraft. It was a landmark design, being the first ASW helicopter to take advantage of turboshaft engines, as well as being the first amphibious helicopter in the world. [2] Introduced in 1961, it served with the United States Navy , and remains in service in many countries around the world. The Sea King has been built under license in Italy and Japan, and in the United Kingdom as the Westland Sea King . The major civil versions are the S-61L and S-61N . Contents Edit As the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union developed, the Soviet Navy had elected to construct a large fleet of over 200 submarines, the US Navy chose to counter this threat by investing in newer and increasingly capable ASW technologies and platforms such as the Sea King. [3] In 1957, Sikorsky was awarded a contract to develop an all-weather amphibious helicopter for the U.S. Navy. The new helicopter would excel at anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and would combine the roles of hunter and killer, previously these had to be performed by two separate helicopters. [4] The key features of the emerging ASW helicopter would include its amphibious hull for landing on the water, and its twin-turboshaft engines that enabled a larger, heavier and better-equipped aircraft than prior helicopters. [4] [5] SH-3As of HS-6 above USS Kearsarge in the early 1960s The first prototype took flight for the first time in March 1959. [4] Carrier suitability trials were conducted on board the USS Lake Champlain ; the trials were completed successfully in mid-1961. [6] Production deliveries of the HSS-2 (later designated SH-3A) to the US Navy began in September 1961, these initial production aircraft were each powered by a pair of General Electric T58 turboshaft engines. [7] Sikorsky also developed a variant of the Sea King for the civil market, designated Sikorsky S-61L . The first operator of the S-61L was Los Angeles Airways , who introduced them to service on 11 March 1962. [8] [9] Another variant with a conventional hull, the Sikorsky S-61R , was also concurrently developed for transport and search and rescue (SAR) duties, this type was extensively operated by the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Coast Guard . [10] In late 1961 and early 1962, a modified U.S. Navy HSS-2 Sea King was used to break the FAI 3 km, 100 km, 500 km and 1000 km helicopter speed records. This series of flights culminated on 5 February 1962 with the HSS-2 setting an absolute helicopter speed record of 210.6 mph. [11] This record was broken by a modified Sud Super Frelon helicopter on 23 July 1963 with a speed of 217.7 mph. [12] Further developments Edit In the early 21st century, following their drawdown in US service, there has been multiple initiatives to refurbish ex-military Sea Kings for continued operations; in addition to civil operators, nations such as Egypt and India acquired refurbished Sea Kings to supplement their own aging fleets. [13] [14] [15] While Sikorsky formally ended production of the helicopter model in the 1970s, in 2009, it was reported that nearly 600 Sea Kings were in operational service. [16] Design Edit When introduced, the Sea King was a considerable advancement over previous helicopters; its twin-turboshaft powerplant layout gave the SH-3 a payload capacity and level of reliability far in excess of previous anti-submarine helicopters. [4] In the event of an engin


In which London hotel was the Peach Melba invented in 1892?

Peach Melba P Peach Melba The Peach Melba is a classic dessert , invented in 1892 or 1893 by the French chef Auguste Escoffier at the Savoy Hotel, London to honour the Australian soprano, Dame Nellie Melba (1861-1931). It combines two favourite summer fruits: peaches and raspberry sauce accompanying vanilla ice cream . In 1892, Nellie Melba was performing in Wagner's opera Lohengrin at Covent Garden. The Duke of Orléans gave a dinner party to celebrate her triumph. For the occasion, Escoffier created a new dessert, and to display it, he used an ice sculpture of a swan, which is featured in the opera. The swan carried peaches which rested on a bed of vanilla ice cream and which were topped with spun sugar. In 1900, Escoffier created a new version of the dessert. For the occasion of the opening of the Carlton hotel, where he was head chef, Escoffier omitted the ice swan and topped the peaches with raspberry purée. Other versions of this dessert use pears, apricots, or strawberries instead of peaches, and/or use raspberry sauce or melted red currant jelly instead of raspberry purée. (Wikipedia)


Which London team beat Manchester United at the quarter final stage of the Carling Cup in 2011?

Crystal Palace's Carling Cup hero Darren Ambrose says 'we can beat anyone' after 2-1 defeat of Manchester United - Telegraph Manchester United Crystal Palace's Carling Cup hero Darren Ambrose says 'we can beat anyone' after 2-1 defeat of Manchester United Having dumped Manchester United out of the Carling Cup at the quarter-final  stage, Crystal Palace goalscorer Darren Ambrose believes his team can now go  on and win the competition. By Telegraph staff 10:33AM GMT 01 Dec 2011 The midfielder broke the deadlock with a 30-yard strike 20 minutes into the second half and, although Federico Macheda won and converted a penalty to earn extra time for a much-changed United side, Glenn Murray headed the winner from Ambrose's free-kick. "It's fantastic," Ambrose said. "It was a great occasion coming here against the champions. It was a massive occasion for the fans." Cardiff await in the Carling Cup last four, after the draw was made following last night's match, meaning one Championship club will take on either Manchester City or Liverpool at Wembley. Palace 's win was made all the more remarkable by a poor run of Championship form, which has seen them go five games without a win or a goal. "We've had a quiet period in the season but we came here in confident mood and the spirit is fantastic," Ambrose said. Related Articles


With which English university does the John Innes Centre share a campus?

Items from the John Innes Memory Bank Cell Biology at Bayfordbury - Dr Norman Sunderland It was his new department for cell biology, the ill-fated dream enterprise of Kenneth Dodds, that brought me to Bayfordbury in 1958. Robert Brown FRS, who was at the time seeking an outlet for expanding his limited facilities in the Oxford Agricultural School, had agreed to take charge of the new department and sent me ahead to Bayfordbury to prepare the ground for his arrival, together with the rest of the team and some new recruits. I think I am correct in saying that when I arrived at Bayfordbury the building for the new department was still at the planning stage. A rather austere Dr. Dodds met me, I recall, seemingly vague what to do, eventually steered me up a winding staircase of stone steps into the attic of the mansion where he introduced me to two large rooms which had been emptied to serve as temporary laboratories, He then deserted me, leaving me more than a little stranded, with not even a chair to sit on. Dick Stickland, one of the new recruits, joined me later on and between us we managed to get chairs and a table or two. Dick proved to be very good with the draft plans for the new laboratories and suggested various amendments. I set about writing a paper on some of the research done in Oxford, the resulting effort of which did not meet in any respect with Dodds' approval. He berated me severely, going to great lengths to point out my inadequate layout and lack of scientific precision. However, it was much to his credit that he did then take me in hand and produced some very sound advice as to how to put together a scientific treatise, advice that in later years was to prove invaluable. Robert Brown eventually arrived from Oxford and took up residence at Broad Green. Other members of the team joined us in the attic. I think I am right in saying that work began on the new building while Robert Brown was in residence but regrettably his interest in the project did not last and he eventually resigned to take up the Regius Chair of Botany in the University of Edinburgh. Most of the team went with him leaving behind a few, among them Dick Stickland and myself. A period of uncertainty followed when I think the ARC sent Professor Thoday to supervise until a replacement for Robert Brown could be found. Ultimately, Henry Harris from Oxford took the post and saw through the completion and occupation of the new laboratories. However, the idyllic situation provided by the new facilities together with the glorious surroundings of the Bayfordbury estate proved to be short-lived. An announcement by Dr. Dodds of a proposed move to East Anglia and abandonment of the new laboratories caused an uproar. He himself appeared to be in favour, but Henry Harris and many members of staff, especially the geneticists, thought otherwise and gradually filtered away into other posts. The remaing staff argued desperately against the move and even went so far as to canvass the local MP for the establishment of a new University based on the Bayfordbury facilities, but these attempts proved fruitless. The move to Colney Lane was completwed in 1967 and the Institute began yet another milestone in its history along the bleak, windswept fields of Colney Lane. I have little recollection of the first few years in Colney. Dick Stickland helped once again, I recall, in designing prefabricated laboratories and later on in the design of the permanent buildings. Graham Hussey bewailed the loss of the controlled growth rooms which William Lawrence had established at Bayfordbury and though a suite of growth chambers was eventually installed at Colney by a commercial firm they were far from ideal and had the perverse habit of breaking down especially at weekends. The gardening staff worked wonders in landscaping areas around the laboratories and in housing a collection of exotics brought from Bayfordbury. New appointments in genetics were made to counteract the earlier losses but Dr. Dodds, who was offered the head


The aria 'Let the Bright Seraphim' comes from which Handel oratorio?

Let the Bright Seraphim | LA Phil Let the Bright Seraphim Last Modified: May 14, 2012 The da capo aria was the musical mainstay of late Italian Baroque opera, an A-B-A form for setting short, usually contrasting, strophes, with a return (da capo – to the head) to the initial words and music. Like Italian opera itself, the da capo aria was much admired and imitated throughout Europe. Handel hardly needed a sojourn in Italy to “reconcile him to the style and taste which prevailed there,” as a visiting Italian noble reportedly advised him, although Handel did spend the better part of three years there, very profitably in every way. Handel is estimated to have written over 1000 da capo arias in the course of his career, filling his operas and oratorios. The oratorio L’Allegro, il Penseroso, ed il Moderato was premiered in February 1740, a time when Handel was still also writing and producing opera. James Harris, a member of the circle of friends who were taking a keen interest in Handel’s development of large-scale English works, noted “Allegro” and “Penseroso” (basically, happy and sad) aspects to Handel’s own personality and took lines from two poems by John Milton for a proposed new work. At Handel’s request, Charles Jennens – another member of the circle, soon to create the libretto for Messiah – revised it and added a third part in praise of moderation. (Handel himself cut that third part from his performances of the work after 1742.) The theme and its pastoral imagery inspired Handel fully. The da capo aria known generally simply as “Sweet Bird” comes from the middle of Part I, and is sung by the allegorical character Penseroso. An obbligato flute provides the pictorial warbling in the main section. The bird song is absent in the contrasting middle section in the parallel minor mode, with steadily pulsed chords in the strings. In 1713 Handel was the latest thing in the hotly contested opera world of London, but still very much an establishment outsider, when he made his only attempt at a court ode, with mixed results. Queen Anne’s illness prevented its performance, but she evidently appreciated the gesture, for later that year she took him into her official service, with an annual pension. “Eternal Source of Light Divine” is not a da capo aria, but rather the short, through-composed ceremonial opening statement of the Ode. It was originally written for Richard Elford, a high tenor who sang in the choirs of Westminster Abbey and St. Paul’s Cathedral as well as the Chapel Royal, with a stately trumpet part that echoes the voice. The oratorio Samson, drafted while Handel was working simultaneously on Messiah in 1741, is another work based on Milton’s poetry. Brilliant arias with trumpet obbligatos were standard practice for moments of grand ceremony and celebration in operas and oratorios, and “Let the Bright Seraphim” comes at the very end of Samson, just before the final chorus. Sung by an anonymous “Israelitish Woman,” the aria summons the celestial hosts of seraphim and cherubim to hail the dead hero, with trumpet figures responding to the singer. In the oratorio the aria proceeds directly into the chorus after its contrasting section (without trumpet, in the relative minor mode), but as an excerpt it makes the full da capo return readily. John Henken is Director of Publications for the Los Angeles Philharmonic Association.


In which European country is the site of the Battle of Blenheim?

Battle of Blenheim Battle of Blenheim The Duke of Marlborough’s spectacular defeat of the hitherto invincible French army of Louis XIV The Duke of Marlborough leads the attack at the Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession: picture by Harry Payne The previous battle in the British Battles series is the Siege of Basing House The next battle in the War of the Spanish Succession is the Battle of Ramillies Battle: Blenheim War: Spanish Succession Date of the Battle of Blenheim: 2nd August 1704 (Old Style) (13th August 1704 New Style).  The dates in this page are given in the Old Style.  To translate to the New Style add 11 days Place of the Battle of Blenheim: On the Danube in Southern Germany. Combatants at the Battle of Blenheim: British, Austrians, Hungarians, Hanoverians, Prussians, Danes and Hessians against the French and Bavarians. John Churchill Duke of Marlborough: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession Generals at the Battle of Blenheim: The Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy against Marshall Tallard, Marshall Marsin and the Elector of Bavaria. Size of the armies at the Battle of Blenheim: There is considerable dissent on the size of the respective armies. The French and Bavarian armies probably comprised 60,000 men (69 battalions of foot and 128 squadrons of horse) and around 60 guns. The Allied army comprised 56,000 men (51 battalions of foot and 92 squadrons of horse), of which 16,000 (14 battalions of foot and 18 squadrons of horse and dragoons) were British and 52 guns. There is considerable variation in the numbers attributed to the French and Bavarian armies: some authorities put their strength as high as 72,000 men with 200 guns. French sources quoted by Sullivan in his book “The Irish Brigades” give the relative strengths as: French and Bavarians: 43,900 men, in 78 battalions and 127 squadrons, with 90 cannon. British and Allies: 60,150 men in 66 battalions and 181 squadrons, with 66 cannon (French battalions having 400 men to the Allied 500 and the French squadrons 100 to the Allied 150). Prince Eugene of Savoy: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession Uniforms, arms and equipment at the Battle of Blenheim: The British Army of Queen Anne comprised troops of Horse Guards, regiments of horse, dragoons, Foot Guards and foot. In time of war the Department of Ordnance provided companies of artillery, the guns drawn by the horses of civilian contractors. These types of formation were largely standard throughout Europe. In addition the Austrian Empire possessed numbers of irregular light troops; Hussars from Hungary and Bosniak and Pandour troops from the Balkans. During the 18th Century the use of irregulars spread to other armies until every European force employed hussar regiments and light infantry for scouting duties. Horse and dragoons carried swords and short flintlock muskets.  Dragoons had largely completed their transition from mounted infantry to cavalry and were formed into troops rather than companies as had been the practice in the past. However they still used drums rather than trumpets for field signals. Infantry regiments fought in line, armed with flintlock musket and bayonet, orders indicated by the beat of drum. The field unit for infantry was the battalion comprising ten companies, each commanded by a captain, the senior company being of grenadiers. Drill was rudimentary and once battle began formations quickly broke up. The practice of marching in step was in the future. French soldiers marching to join their regiment: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession: picture by Jean Anthoine Watteau The paramount military force of the period was the French army of Louis XIV, the Sun King. France was at the apex of her power, taxing to the utmost the disparate groupings of European countries that struggled to keep the Bourbons on the western bank of the Rhine and north of the Pyrenees. Marlborough and his British regiments acted as an uncertain mortar in keeping


What was George Osborne's original first Christian name?

The real George Osborne | Politics | The Guardian George Osborne The real George Osborne He is the unashamedly privileged chancellor who convinced the country of the need for austerity cuts. But with his poll ratings sinking and the public-sector in revolt, is George Osborne's credit running out? Chancellor George Osborne: 'He doesn’t give a damn about being liked.' Photograph: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Monday 28 November 2011 15.00 EST First published on Monday 28 November 2011 15.00 EST Share on Messenger Close A lot of people don't like George Osborne . "He looks permanently pink and facetious, as though life is one big public-school prank," writes the former Labour MP Chris Mullin, usually quite forgiving towards Tories, in his diaries for December 2010. In October 2008, he finds Osborne "perpetually smirking"; in November 2007, "as ever... obnoxious". Three years ago, the rightwing columnist Simon Heffer wrote of the future chancellor: "George has poor judgment. George is unreliable... untrustworthy... to coin a phrase, a dolt." The same year, Alistair Darling, the mild-mannered then chancellor, described Osborne as "someone who conceals cynical opportunism with a pretty thin veneer of abuse". In 2009 Vince Cable, now the business secretary and, however hard he strains to hide it, an uncomfortable colleague of Osborne's, included a memorably double-edged portrait in his memoirs: "I have never rated George's understanding of financial and economic matters, but he is a political operator of some substance." Osborne's biographer, Janan Ganesh, political correspondent of the Economist, says: "A lot of Tories haven't forgiven him for not cutting taxes." The prominent Tory activist and blogger Tim Montgomerie says: "There are probably only three or four columnists in the whole of Fleet Street who are Osbornites." Over the past 12 months, the chancellor's poll ratings have sunk, as Britain has slipped from tentative recovery back to stagnation and probable slump, a deterioration confirmed yesterday by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, which predicted that the British economy will shrink in the current quarter and again in the first three months of 2012. According to Ipsos-Mori, they are already almost as low as those of chancellors Brown and Darling at the fag end of the last Labour government. On the internet, on anti-government demonstrations, wherever opponents of the coalition gather, the mere mention of Osborne gets an instant reaction. His face, his voice, his manner, his background, his political methods, his policies: he provokes in ways that David Cameron, so far at least, does not. Today, when he delivers his exhaustively trailed autumn statement on the economy , and tomorrow, when possibly the biggest strike since the 20s is expected in response to his public-spending cuts, there should be plenty of opportunities for the Osborne-haters. The architect of our current austerity is, as Ganesh puts it, "conspicuously privileged": heir to the Anglo-Irish baronetcy of Ballintaylor and Ballylemon, created by Charles I in 1629; holder of a 15% stake in the upmarket wallpaper family firm Osborne & Little, a company worth – press estimates vary – between £15m and more than £30m; and son-in-law of the Tory peer, Lord Howell. Other provocative CV details include: recommending Andy Coulson as his party's director of communications; membership of the infamous Bullingdon Club at Oxford; an unashamedly prosperous private life including the use of an elite private bank, private primary school for his children, and the regal Swiss ski resort of Klosters; and, most notoriously, a murky 2008 episode in Corfu, involving Osborne, the even more sharp-clawed, Labour politician Peter Mandelson, the tycoons Nathaniel Rothschild and Oleg Deripaska, and allegations of malicious gossip and the soliciting of an illegal donation to the Conservatives. Osborne denied the latter. But he admitted afterwards that the Corfu incident "didn't look very good". Yet unlike his fellow ex-Bullingdon men and Tory patricians, Cameron


Which word describes a temporary or improvised encampment providing little or no cover?

Camp - definition of camp by The Free Dictionary Camp - definition of camp by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/camp Related to camp: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP n. 1. a. A place where tents, huts, or other temporary shelters are set up, as by soldiers, nomads, or travelers. b. A cabin or shelter or group of such buildings: gathered branches and grasses for a makeshift camp; had a fishing camp in Vermont. c. The people using such shelters: a howl that awakened the whole camp. 2. a. A place in the country that offers simple group accommodations and organized recreation or instruction, as for vacationing children: a girls' summer camp; a tennis camp. b. Sports A place where athletes engage in intensive training, especially preseason training. c. The people attending the programs at such a place. 3. A prison camp or concentration camp. 4. Military service; army life. 5. A group of people who think alike or share a cause; side: The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps. v. camped, camp·ing, camps v.intr. 1. To make or set up a camp. 2. To live in or as if in a camp; settle: We camped in the apartment until the furniture arrived. v.tr. To shelter or lodge in a camp; encamp: They camped themselves by a river. [Early Modern English, from Middle French, probably from Italian or Spanish campo, both from Latin campus, field; see campus .] camp 2  (kămp) n. Deliberate affectation or exaggeration of style, especially of popular or outdated style, for ironic or humorous effect: "Camp is popularity plus vulgarity plus innocence" (Indra Jahalani). adj. 1. Showing or characterized by camp: played up the silliness of their roles for camp effect. 2. Given to or characterized by exaggerated, effeminate mannerisms. v. camped, camp·ing, camps v.intr. 1. To act in a histrionic or exaggerated manner. 2. To act in an exaggerated, effeminate manner. v.tr. To exaggerate or overdramatize: camped up the characters in the play. [Origin unknown.] (kæmp) n 1. a place where tents, cabins, or other temporary structures are erected for the use of military troops, for training soldiers, etc 2. (Military) the military life 3. tents, cabins, etc, used as temporary lodgings by a group of travellers, holiday-makers, Scouts, etc 4. the group of people living in such lodgings 5. South African a field or paddock fenced off as pasture 6. a group supporting a given doctrine or theory: the socialist camp. 7. (Agriculture) Austral a place where sheep or cattle gather to rest 8. (modifier) suitable for use in temporary quarters, on holiday, etc, esp by being portable and easy to set up: a camp bed; a camp chair. vb 9. (often foll by: down) to establish or set up a camp 10. (often foll by: out) to live temporarily in or as if in a tent 11. (tr) to put in a camp [C16: from Old French, ultimately from Latin campus field] ˈcamping n 1. effeminate; affected in mannerisms, dress, etc 2. homosexual 3. (Theatre) consciously artificial, exaggerated, vulgar, or mannered; self-parodying, esp when in dubious taste vb 4. (tr) to perform or invest with a camp quality 5. camp it up a. to seek to focus attention on oneself by making an ostentatious display, overacting, etc b. to flaunt one's homosexuality n a camp quality, style, etc [C20: of uncertain origin] (kæmp) n (Biography) Walter (Chauncey). 1859–1925, US sportsman and administrator; he introduced new rules to American football, which distinguished it from rugby camp1 n. 1. a. a place where an army or other group of persons is lodged in tents or other temporary shelters. b. such tents or shelters collectively. c. the persons so sheltered. 2. any temporary structure, as a tent or cabin, used on an outing or vacation. 3. a group of troops, workers, etc., camping and moving together. 4. army life. a. a group of people favoring the same ideals, doctrines, etc. b. the position held by such a group. 6. a place equipped with facilities for recreation, sports, and sometimes academic instruction, usu. for children during the summer. Compare day camp, summer camp. v.i. 7. to


"What was launched in 1923 and was described as the ""official organ of the BBC""?"

BBC - The Radio Times - History of the BBC History of the BBC The Radio Times The beginnings It all began in spring 1923, when John Reith, the BBC's first director-general, received an ultimatum from the Newspaper Publishers' Association warning him that if the corporation didn't pay a hefty fee, none of the NPA's publications would carry radio listings. The embargo was short-lived, but long enough to give Reith the idea of publishing a dedicated listings magazine. The first edition of The Radio Times, 'the official organ of the BBC', duly appeared on news stands on 28 September 1923. At first, Radio Times was a joint venture between the BBC and publisher George Newnes Ltd, who produced, printed and distributed the magazine. But in 1925 the BBC took over editorial control, and by 1937 the entire operation was in-house, where it has remained ever since. As the magazine got into its stride, RT established a reputation for using leading writers and illustrators of the day and the covers from the special editions of this period are now regarded as design classics. The advent of television It didn't remain just 'radio' times for very long. As early as 1928, RT announced a regular series of ‘experimental television transmissions by the Baird process’ for half an hour every morning. But it wasn't until 2 November 1936, with the start of the first 405-line high-definition service, that RT became the world's first television listings magazine. Two pages a week sufficed at first, but that soon grew: by January 1937 the magazine published a lavish photogravure supplement for readers in the London area who could pick up transmissions from Alexandra Palace. By September 1939, Radio Times was devoting three pages a week to television, but when war was declared on 3 September, TV closed down ‘in order to prevent enemy aircraft from using its signal as a directional beacon’ and the nation turned once again to the wireless. ‘Broadcasting carries on!’ announced the first wartime RT, but there was only one station, the newly christened Home Service, to inform, educate and entertain through the dark years ahead. By 1944, paper rationing had reduced the magazine to 20 pages of tiny type on thin paper, but despite all the disruption of war, RT never missed an edition. Post-war developments The years following the end of war saw a steady expansion in broadcasting, and RT flourished with it, announcing the introduction of the Light Programme, the Third Programme, and the return of television. RT grew to meet the need with a number of regional editions to keep abreast of the changes. Television was the medium of the future, and in 1953 its growth was recognised when the TV listings were moved from the back of the magazine and integrated day-by-day with radio. It was suggested that the BBC should register the name 'TV Times' but the general manager of BBC publications rejected the idea on the grounds that television wouldn't catch on. In September 1955, ITV made its debut. Whilst BBC television now had competition, the corporation retained exclusive rights over the publication of its listings. The same was true for the regional ITV companies who launched their own titles, such as TV Times, The Viewer and Look Westward. (It was only in 1968 that TV Times became the single listings title for all ITV regions). In consequence, the only way to have all programme details at your fingertips was to buy two magazines and RT's peak weekly circulation of 8.8 million only declined slightly. In the years that followed, television programmes were increasingly the subject of the cover picture, and in 1957 RT's television listings were moved to a separate section, in front of radio. The advent of colour In 1960 the 'programme week', which for 37 years had started on a Sunday, changed to the now familiar Saturday-to-Friday. When BBC2 started transmitting in 1964, RT expanded its TV listings as the new channel spread across the country. In July 1967, BBC Two became Britain’s first colour television channel, and 'colour' annotations started to appear alongside prog


What was the last mission to take a man to the moon?

Apollo 17: The Last Men on the Moon Apollo 17: The Last Men on the Moon By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor | August 24, 2012 04:15pm ET MORE Astronaut Eugene Cernan drives the Lunar Roving Vehicle during the first EVA. Credit: NASA Apollo 17 marked the end of the program that took 12 people to the surface of the moon. By the time the mission launched on Dec. 7, 1972, public interest had declined, the government had shifted its focus to the Vietnam War, and many other factors brought the program to a close, even though three more flights had been planned. Though it was the last manned mission — so far — the moon still had some surprises for humanity to discover. Apollo 17 was the first mission to include a scientist in its crew. Geologist Harrison "Jack" Schmitt was one of the first six scientist-astronauts selected in 1965 amid immense pressure to do so from the National Academy of Sciences, who were worried only test pilots would walk on the moon. Schmitt's presence on the Apollo 17 crew as a lunar module pilot did not come easily. When it came time to select the final crew, Schmitt was chosen over Joe Engle, who was a backup pilot for Apollo 14 and ordinarily would have been next in the rotation to fly. Crewmates Ron Evans and Eugene Cernan were upset for Engle. However, they were pleased at the capabilities Schmitt — a geologic trainer for other moon-bound astronauts — showed on the job. Evans, the command module pilot, was on his first mission to space. He was on combat duty in Vietnam in April 1966 when he found out he was selected as an astronaut. Evans had not only flown in combat, but also instructed others on how to do so. Commander Cernan, a formal Navy pilot, faced many a crisis in space. On his first flight, Gemini 9, he did a spacewalk that exhausted him because there weren't enough handholds to perform his work in microgravity. On his second flight, Apollo 10, the lunar module briefly spun unpredictably as it did a practice descent to the surface. He was a seasoned pilot and felt ready to command his crew on the most challenging Apollo mission yet. Assessing and accessing the landing site With the latter Apollo missions so focused on science — and with a geologist on board — much consideration went into choosing Taurus-Littrow as Apollo 17's destination. It was geologic variety that tilted the decision to that location. Points of interest to scientists included Shorty Crater — believed to hold evidence of past volcanic vent — and several large boulders spotted in photographs taken by the Apollo 15 crew. A minor technical error held up launch by almost three hours, but the crew lifted off as planned Dec. 7, 1972. Cernan and Schmitt landed on the surface on lunar module Challenger three days later without major incident, while Evans stayed in the command module, America. Cernan's and Schmitt's first major challenge was when Cernan accidentally broke a wheel fender on their lunar rover. This meant the astronauts were showered in abrasive moon dust as they drove around the surface. Cernan made a partial repair with some duct tape, joking he would like a "mending award." The next day, he and Schmitt taped some maps in place of the fender to better fix the problem. The astronauts also deployed several scientific experiments, most notably a traverse gravimeter. The astronauts carried this experiment on the rover and took it out at several sites to measure the relative gravity, which gave scientists an idea about the lunar substructure. In lunar orbit, Evans made observations of the surface and kept Mission Control entertained by joking about how much he stunk. A photomicrograph of sphere and fragments in "orange" soil from Apollo 17. Credit: NASA Orange soil and a memorable ending As Cernan and Schmitt worked near the rim of Shorty Crater on the second day, Schmitt exclaimed that he could see orange soil. In Cernan's autobiography, he said he feared Schmitt "has been up here too long and has overdosed on rocks." But when Cernan clambered over to take a look, he could see the soil was indeed that color. Lat


Scarlet Nantes, Avenger and Orlando Gold are varieties of which winter vegetable?

Carrot - Vegetable Directory - Watch Your Garden Grow - University of Illinois Extension University of Illinois Extension Alert: Making Pesticide Applications in School/Community Gardens Carrot Carrot is a hardy, cool-season biennial that is grown for the thickened root it produces in its first growing season. Although carrots can endure summer heat in many areas, they grow best when planted in early spring. Midsummer plantings, that mature quickly in cool fall weather, produce tender, sweet  "baby" carrots that are much prized. Carrots are eaten both raw and cooked and they can be stored for winter use. They are rich in carotene (the source of vitamin A) and high in fiber and sugar content. Recommended Varieties Small, Round Orbit (58 days to harvest, good color, few off-types, best harvested at the size of a 50 cent piece) Thumbelina (60 days; 1992 AAS winner;       round roots; good for planting in containers and in heavy, shallow or       rocky soil) Baby Baby Spike (52 days; 3 to 4 inch roots, 1/2 inch thick; excellent internal color; tender; holds small      size well) Little Finger (65 days; tiny tender roots; 5 inch roots, 1/2 inch thick; golden orange, sweet and crisp) Minicor (55 days; slender fingerling  carrots; colors early; uniform, cylindrical, blunt tip; good flavor) Short 'n Sweet (68 days; rich,       sweet flavor; 4 inch roots, broad at shoulder, tapered to a point; good     for heavy or poor soil) Chantenay Red-Cored Chantenay (70 days; heavy yield; good flavor; short, thick roots, broad at the shoulder, tapered       to blunt tip) Royal Chantenay (70 days; broad-shouldered,       tapered roots; bright orange; good for heavy or shallow soils) Danvers Danvers Half-Long (75 days; uniform,       7 to 8 inch roots tapered to very blunt end; sweet, tender) Danvers 126 (75 days; heavier yield than Danvers; smooth roots; tops withstand heat). Nantes Bolero (hybrid-70 days; 7 to 8 inch roots, uniformly thick, tapered slightly to blunt tip; superior   resistance to foliage disease) Ingot (hybrid-70 days; 8 inch roots,       1-1/2 inches thick; indistinct core; deep orange color; strong tops;       extremely sweet) Nantes Coreless (68 days; orange-red;       small core, medium top) Scarlet Nantes (70 days; bright orange, slightly tapered, 6 inch roots; crisp, tender and flavorful;       standard for high quality carrots) Sweetness (hybrid-63 days; sweet and crunchy; cylindrical, 6 inch roots, 1 inch thick) Touchon (70 days; interior, exterior  bright orange; 7 inch roots, nearly coreless) Imperator Avenger (hybrid-70 days; extra fancy; slightly blunt, tapered roots, 9 to 10 inches long) Gold Pak (76 days; 8 inch roots,       1-1/2 inches thick; sweet, tender, as coreless as any; good for juice) Imperator 58 (68 days; smooth,       fine-grained, long, tapered roots; standard long, thin type) Legend (hybrid-65 days; high yield;       smooth, uniform, 9 to 11 inch roots, 1-1/2 inches at shoulder; tolerant       to cracking) Orlando Gold (hybrid-78 days; uniform,       long, tapered shape; excellent flavor, color; 30 percent more carotene) Tendersweet (75 days; long, tapered roots; rich orange color; sweet, coreless) Novelty Belgium White (75 days; mild flavor;       long, tapered, white roots; productive, vigorous) When To Plant Carrots are usually planted with other frost tolerant vegetables as soon      as the soil mellows in the spring. They may be planted earlier in gardens with sandy soil. The soil should be plowed and prepared to a depth of 8 to 9 inches to allow full development of the carrot roots and the seedbed should be worked uniformly to break up clumps and clods that prevent penetration      of the roots. Varieties with extremely long roots (Imperator and Tendersweet)      usually are recommended only for home gardens with deep, sandy soil. Excess organic debris worked into the soil just before planting also may affect root penetration


In which English cathedral will you find St. Bede's Tomb and St Cuthbert's Shrine?

The Venerable Bede - Durham World Heritage Site The Venerable Bede The Venerable Bede Bede was known as the Father of English History. How did he come to gain that title? Who Was the Venerable Bede?  The Venerable Bede – also known as St Bede – is widely regarded as the greatest of all the Anglo-Saxon scholars. He lived and died in between the twin monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow in the North East of England between 673 and 735 AD and wrote or translated some forty books on practically every area of knowledge, including nature, astronomy, and poetry. He also wrote the first martyrology (a chronicle about the lives of the saints).  However, his most famous writing was on theology and history and his best known work is The Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Read more about the Life and Death of Bede . Why Was the Venerable Bede Important?   Although Bede was a polymath and religious figure who described himself as having “devoted [his] energies to the study of the scriptures, observing monastic discipline, and singing the daily services in church” and for whom “study, teaching, and writing had always been [his] delight", he is remembered today as the earliest English historian, whose work has shed light on a period of English history that would have otherwise been unknown.  He is often referred to as ‘The Father of English History.’  Bede’s Association with Durham The Venerable Bede’s bones have been in Durham Cathedral since 1022. They were brought from Jarrow by a monk called Alfred who had them buried alongside Cuthbert’s relics, where they remained until they were moved to the Cathedral’s Galilee Chapel in the 14th century.  Why is Bede called the ‘Venerable’ ?  In fact, ‘the Venerable Bede’ comes from the Latin inscription on Bede’s tomb in Durham Cathedral, reading: HIC SUNT IN FOSSA BEDAE VENERABILIS OSSA Here are buried the bones of the Venerable Bede Bede's tomb in Durham Cathedral. © Durham Cathedral and Jarrold Publishing


Who plays Q in the latest Bond film Skyfall?

Ben Whishaw on playing Q in Skyfall: 'I don’t even have a computer' - Telegraph James Bond Ben Whishaw on playing Q in Skyfall: 'I don’t even have a computer' Ben Whishaw’s turn as hi-tech boffin Q in the new James Bond film Skyfall is  brave new territory indeed, he tells James Rampton. 'He’s pretty sharp, and Bond respects that’: Q (Ben Whishaw) and 007 (Daniel Craig) meet for the first time in Skyfall.  By James Rampton 6:55AM BST 26 Oct 2012 Ben Whishaw admits that he was completely blindsided by this one. Hailed as one of the finest actors of his generation, the 32-year-old is about to play the MI6 boffin Q – all gadgets and geekiness — in Skyfall, the new Bond movie. But, he confesses, “I absolutely did not see the offer coming.” Sam Mendes, the director of the film, had invited him for dinner. “I thought we were going to be discussing a Shakespeare project,” recalls Whishaw. Bond is big. In fact, it’s the biggest movie franchise in cinema history. But for all that, Whishaw says that he could not immediately take in what he had agreed to. “When Sam first offered me the part of Q, I didn’t really understand the magnitude of it. Even when we were filming, it didn’t sink in. I didn’t want to dwell on it. I’d have been paralysed by the weight of expectations.” Dressed in a black polo neck and blue trousers — an ensemble that wouldn’t look out of place on Bond himself – Whishaw is sitting opposite me on a sofa somewhere in central London. Slender and stubbly, he appears initially nervous as he distractedly picks at a sandwich. But I soon realise that he is appealingly shy. Whishaw displays an attractive strain of the trait we Brits prize above all others: modesty. His Hamlet for Trevor Nunn in 2004 – his debut on the West End stage – was met with widespread acclaim, yet when I ask for his reaction to the fact that some critics have called him “the next Olivier”, he squirms and pulls his polo neck right up over his head. Related Articles Craig: I'd love to make another Bond 23 Oct 2012 His first day’s shooting as Q was something of a trauma. The production moved into the National Gallery overnight for the scene in which Q first meets Bond (Daniel Craig). “It was very weird,” the actor smiles wryly. “It was my first-ever scene in my first-ever Bond film, and it was happening at three in the morning in the National Gallery. I didn’t know what was going on. As Q, you have all these complex names to recite. I can learn Shakespeare easily enough, but trying to say some of Q’s lines in the early hours of the morning was very tough indeed. I still remember going up to Sam at five in the morning feeling like my eyeballs were falling out. I just put my hand on his shoulders and said, 'Help me!’ ” In the scene, Whishaw, sporting a geek-chic outfit of anorak, thick NHS specs and greasy mop of dark hair, proves a match for Daniel Craig as Bond, and gets one of the film’s key lines, already much quoted: “Were you expecting an exploding pen? We don’t really go in for that any more.” This youthful Q represents the brave new world of techno-espionage. He possesses the ability to destroy the world with one click of a computer mouse while still in his pyjamas before breakfast. Bond, on the other hand, stands for the antiquated form of spying. He gets his way by the old-school MI6 method of seducing women and shooting men. One of the central themes of Skyfall is the hi-tech nerd versus the unreconstructed special agent. Once he overcame his initial discombobulation, Whishaw says that he relished the role of Q. “It was such fun for me to play an expert in an area where I’m completely not an expert. I’m really hopeless with technology — I don’t even have a computer. But I had to reel off all this technological information as if it were second nature. “It’s great to play someone who has this mysterious understanding of things that are so complex. I also really enjoyed his relationship with Bond. I’m very excited about future films and where we will take that.” Whishaw, who comes from Bedfordshire, avoided studying previous Qs – Peter Burton


In which country where the Lord's Resistance Army first active?

The Lord's Resistance Army The Lord's Resistance Army Washington, DC March 23, 2012 The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) has been active since 1986, making it one of Africa’s oldest, most violent, and persistent armed groups. The LRA was formed in northern Uganda to fight against the Government of Uganda, and operated there from 1986 to 2006. At the height of the conflict, nearly two million people in northern Uganda were displaced.   Lacking public support, the LRA resorted to forcible recruitment to fill its ranks. A 2006 study funded by UNICEF estimated that at least 66,000 children and youth had been abducted by the LRA between 1986 and 2005. According to that study, most of these children were only held for a brief period of time and then released or escaped, but others were forced to become child soldiers or sex slaves and commit unspeakable acts.   Under increasing pressure, LRA’s leader Joseph Kony ordered the LRA to withdraw completely from Uganda in 2005 and 2006 and move west into the border region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Central African Republic (CAR), and what would become the Republic of South Sudan. The LRA has continued to operate in this border region to date.   With the LRA’s departure, northern Uganda has undergone a significant positive transformation. More than 95% of the people who once lived in displacement camps have left to rebuild their lives. The United States has played a leading role, among donors, in supporting this Uganda-led recovery process.   Since 2000, more than 12,000 former LRA fighters and abductees have left the group and been reintegrated through Uganda’s Amnesty Commission. Many more have escaped and returned to their communities without going through reception centers.   From 2006 to 2008, representatives of the Government of Uganda and the LRA participated in negotiations in Juba, South Sudan, mediated by Southern Sudan officials. The U.S. State Department sent a senior official to support the talks. The negotiators finalized a peace agreement, but Joseph Kony refused on multiple occasions to sign. During 2008, the LRA increased attacks and abductions in the DRC and CAR. In late 2008, regional leaders agreed to undertake new military operations against the LRA. Since then, the Ugandan military has continued to pursue LRA groups across the region, in coordination with the other militaries.   As a result of military pressure and defections, the LRA’s core fighters have been reduced to an estimated 150-200, in addition to an unknown number of accompanying abductees, women and children. However, the LRA retains the capacity to cast a wide shadow across the region because of its brutality and the fear it arouses in local populations. According to the UN, there were 278 reported attacks attributed to the LRA in 2011. The UN estimates that more than 465,000 people in CAR, the DRC, and South Sudan were displaced or living as refugees during 2011 as a result of the LRA threat.   In 2005, the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for the LRA’s top leader Joseph Kony and four other top commanders – Vincent Otti, Okot Odhiambo, Dominic Ongwen, and Raska Lukwiya – for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Otti and Lukwiya are now believed to be dead, but the others remain at large.   The United Nations Security Council has repeatedly condemned ongoing attacks carried out by the LRA and commended the important efforts undertaken by militaries in the region to address the threat posed by the LRA. The UN has peacekeeping operations in South Sudan and the DRC whose mandates include helping to address the LRA.   On November 22, 2011, the African Union formally designated the LRA as a terrorist group and authorized an initiative to enhance regional cooperation toward the elimination of the LRA. The U.S. State Department has included the LRA on its “Terrorist Exclusion List” since 2001. In 2008, Joseph Kony was designated by the State Department as a “Specially Designated Global Terrorist,” under Executive Order 13324.   Over the past decade (FY 2002-FY 2011)


London 2012 Olympics: Unique petal design for flame cauldron was kept secret for two years | London Evening Standard London 2012 Olympics: Unique petal design for flame cauldron was kept secret for two years   Saturday 28 July 2012 14:51 BST Click to follow London 2012 Olympics: Unique petal design for flame cauldron was kept secret for two years 1/2 Top-secret: only four or five people had been aware of the two-year project to create the cauldron Picture: AP Photo/Morry Gash 2/2 Top secret: Boris Johnson and David and Samantha Cameron at last night's show Picture: Getty Picture: Getty The designer of the spectacular Olympic cauldron talked today of the two year cloak-and-dagger operation to keep the project top secret. Thomas Heatherwick said "only four or five people" had been aware of the two year project to create the cauldron which will burn for the duration of the 30th Olympic Games. The giant creation which provided the spectacular finale to the £27 million Opening Ceremony was put together in King's Cross and in a shed in Harrogate. The first time it was tested last week was at 3am inside a locked Olympic Stadium with only a handful of insiders present. Even performers, volunteers and key staff were kept out of the loop as the mission to unveil the promised "wow" factor proceeded. Prime Minister David Cameron was in on the secret and whenever backing was needed for developing the revolutionary design, he was consulted. The cauldron featured 204 copper "petals' which each represented the nations competing at the London games and were carried alongside national flags and competitors. In the climax of the ceremony the individual flames spread between the petals, converging on the cauldron to create one giant flame. The cauldron was developed at the Heatherwick Studio in Kings Cross, and taken to Yorkshire for finishing and testing. "It was like one of those James Bond secret gadget places where everything is top secret" he said. "My own mother was cross with me for the last two weeks as she read everything and went online to try and work out where the cauldron would be placed in the stadium. "She felt her son should at least tell her. But only four or five people knew." CLICK HERE FOR OUR LIVE OLYMPICS BLOG Mr Heatherwick said he had wanted to create a cauldron for the Olympic flame that would “root the whole ceremony in the spectators, in the people who would be there”. “We were aware that cauldrons have been getting bigger, higher, fatter, as each Olympics has happened and we felt that we shouldn’t try to be even bigger than the last ones. “So then when we were thinking about this incredible event with these 204 nations coming together… it didn’t feel enough to just design a different shape of bowl on a stick.”  His solution was to create a cauldron comprised of stems topped with the petals which hydraulically lifted to converge and create a cauldron shape after they were lit in the opening ceremony. Each petal is a different shape and an intricate operation was masterminded to ensure they fitted onto metal poles securely before being ignited. "It seemed to work last night, which was a huge relief" he said. The cauldron was lit in the centre of the Olympic stadium but before the athletics events begins there on August 3, it will be lifted into place at one end of the stadium where a giant bell hung during the opening ceremony. “At the end of the Games this cauldron will dismantle itself and radiate back down to the ground and each of those copper pieces taken away by each nation and put in a national Olympic cabinet somewhere,” Heatherwick said. One of the dancers Mehmet Ali, 35, of Ilford, Essex, said:"It was a huge surprise to nearly everyone. They would only work on it during rehearsals  when everybody had left the stadium in the last few days. "But it was amazing and incredible to be part of it." The cauldron will be broken up at the closing ceremony and each of its 204 copper ‘petals’ given to the competing nations as a souvenir.


What colour was invented by William Perkin in 1856?

How The Colour Purple Was Invented In London | Londonist How The Colour Purple Was Invented In London By Laurence Scales Laurence Scales How The Colour Purple Was Invented In London A. W. Hofmann was a better public speaker than William Perkin. When he lectured on dyes at the Royal Institution in 1862 some copies of his address had his samples of mauve and magenta attached. This image is from one of them. Image courtesy of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. Shadwell lies at the end of a rainbow. In 1856 it transcended its dank and slimy sounding name with the birth of a dazzling colour. Aniline dyes, invented just off Cable Street, stormed on to the market, brightening clothes and homes as never before. The discovery was also the coming of age of a puzzling but hitherto not very promising branch of science called organic chemistry, and it all came about when an enthusiastic teenager called William Perkin (1838-1907) decided to do some experiments at home. For Perkin it started with a bit of extra-curricula chemistry, then a highly unusual offering, at the City of London School. In the 19th century if you really wanted to take your chemical interest further, you usually went to Germany. But Prince Albert’s catch, AW Hofmann, was teaching chemistry in Regent Street and Perkin was able to follow his passion here. Chemistry did not seem all that useful. William’s dad wanted him to be an architect. Chemists, after all, were only good for preparing soap and a few acids, making a few other things explode, and reviving swooning ladies with salts of ammonia. But at the same time there was a lot of new goo to analyse. Coal tar was oozing unwanted out of gasworks and a few people were trying to do something with it — preserving meat with creosote, for example. (Don’t try it at home, but that’s where the word comes from .) Coal comes from long dead plants, and biological substances all contain compounds with a backbone of carbon, hence the word ‘organic’. Victorian chemists did not conceive the complexity they were dealing with. That’s why a teenager in Shadwell could contemplate a bit of kitchen chemistry and hope that he might hit upon something. William Perkin It seemed, for example, that the wonder medicine quinine extracted from cinchona tree bark, and vital for fending off malaria among Britain’s colonial armies and administrators, might be similar to the aniline obtained from coal tar. Making quinine from discarded sludge instead of rare and exotic trees promised to save mountains of money. Perkin did strike lucky in March 1856 but not in the way he expected. Like the best scientists, Perkin dwelt on the interesting result he had obtained, rather than on what he failed to achieve. What result had he obtained? He'd made a mutant out of aniline, a dye ‘of extraordinary tinctorial power,’ as Hofmann put it. With the exception of t-shirts we do not usually paint our clothes because it makes them crusty and the colour falls off. Dye is different. It stains the fibres. Before Perkin, only plant and animal substances had done this. Remember the last time you failed to remove turmeric stains after a curry. Perkin’s dye was a profoundly patrician purple. He sent a sample of purple cloth to a Scots dyer and it aroused cautious interest. It was valuable but would it cost too much? It did not, and Perkin abandoned his pure science career in its cradle and, with money stumped up by his father, started manufacturing his dye. He had to become an expert in dying, first because the colour was initially not as ‘fast’ as he hoped and he had to find a way to make it stick, and then because he needed to nudge the methods of his industrial customers from their folkloric origins towards the scientific. In 1858 he opened his colour factory, appropriately, in Greenford. Greenford now has a William Perkin High School and its uniform, we are pleased to report, is purple. At this point Perkin had another stroke of luck. Purple came into fashion. The Empress Eugénie was wearing purple in 1857, and everyone wanted it. Once, only Roman emperors wore p