Opened in 1921, In which US city is the Wrigley Building?

Wrigley Building - tribunedigital-chicagotribune Jobs Wrigley Building: Star of the skyline Built in the 1920s, the Wrigley Building helped mark a period of sweeping change for the city — and now it's undergoing changes of its own December 16, 2012|By Stephan Benzkofer | Chicago Tribune reporter In this 1922 aerial view of Chicago, the Wrigley Building towers above its neighbors. (Chicago Tribune) Holiday shoppers on Michigan Avenue this month can get a unique gift: Viewing parts of the Wrigley Building that haven't been visible to the public since the "fraternal twin" towers were completed in 1921 and 1924. The ongoing renovations, which have peeled away some of the towers' terra-cotta skin to reveal good old Chicago bricks and glimpses through windows of the building's bones, will remove the ground-level glass-and-steel walkway between the two buildings, fix some bad facade work with the hopes of rejuvenating the plaza space, and remodel much of the office space. Whether the Wrigley Building was the catalyst or just an important piece of the puzzle, its completion in the early 1920s came during a remarkable period of change for the city, when business — mostly confined to the iron chains of the Loop — jumped north of the river. In a short period, too, the public space around the Michigan Avenue Bridge, completed in 1920, coalesced into arguably the heart of the city. The London Guarantee Building brought its graceful curve in 1921 to the southwest corner. Before the decade was out, this square would be further defined by the art deco statement at 333 N. Michigan Ave. and the Gothic landmark of the Tribune Tower. William Wrigley Jr.'s decision to put his offices on the north side of the river was a bold move — and he wasted no time. He bought the irregularly shaped parcel for the south tower for about $215,000 in 1919, broke ground in March 1920 and declared it 95 percent rented in February 1921, two months before it opened. It was the first major office building north of the river in that area, and demand clearly was strong. It didn't take long for the rest of Chicago to fall in love with the Wrigley Building. Even before the south tower was completed, "Mme. X" extolled its virtues Jan. 30, 1921, on the Tribune's society pages: "Well may the famous leaning tower of Pisa and the two less famous, less leaning towers of Bologna totter and tremble. Their supremacy, in the tower line is menaced, if not destroyed, by the Wrigley tower of Chicago. ... It is magnificent, imposing, unforgettable." No small part of the building's impact was the decision to light the gleaming white tower at night. It looks like the city was built just to provide the Wrigley Building with a backdrop. Seen from the south, it appears to sit astride Michigan Avenue; Situated on the Chicago River, it offers plenty of room to gawk. For years, it was a jewel gleaming unobstructed from as far south as the Field Museum. Three times, though, those floodlights went dark for extended periods. The first was during World War II for security reasons. Then from December 1970 to February 1971, the moon had to suffice while the lights were replaced and moved as the double-decker Wacker Drive was extended east of Michigan Avenue. The third and final time was for about 10 months during the energy crisis in 1973-74. (Fittingly, the Wrigley Building participated in a nationwide minute of darkness in October 1931 to mark the passing of Thomas Edison.) Designed by architects Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, the Wrigley Building isn't just eye candy, of course, but a bustling office building. William Wrigley Jr. Co. moved into the 14th-16th floors. Other early tenants included the Elmer E. Perkins Coal Co., Railway Materials Co. and the Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. In 1924, Calvin Coolidge's campaign for presidency and the National Republican Committee were run out of second-floor offices. In 1936, the Wrigley Building Restaurant opened and became a legendary lunch and dinner spot for Chicago advertising's Mad Men. It closed in 1989. From 1926 to 1947, Wrigley was hom


Which multi medal winning track athlete will make his London marathon debut in April?

When is the 2014 London Marathon? A guide - Telegraph London Marathon When is the 2014 London Marathon? A guide Double world and Olympic champion Mo Farah will be making his eagerly  anticipated debut over 26.2 miles when he competes in the Virgin Money  London Marathon on Sunday April 13. Here is everything you need to know  about the race Flying the flag: Mo Farah is aimng for glory at his longest distance yet - a gruelling 26.2 miles Photo: GETTY IMAGES Follow Can Mo Farah really win on his marathon debut? That is the question no-one can really answer, which is what makes this year’s race so intriguing. His three world titles and two Olympic gold medals have made him the dominant force in global distance running in recent years but whether he can handle 26.2 miles while taking on the world’s greatest marathon specialists remains to be seen. Farah admits the race is the biggest challenge of his career – tougher even than his Olympic 5,000 and 10,000 metres finals. So who’s he up against? Only the world record-holder, Wilson Kipsang, as well as London course record-holder Emmanuel Mutai, last year’s winner, Tsegaye Kebede, and the in-form Geoffrey Mutai, who beat Farah convincingly in the New York City Half Marathon last month. Seven men in the field have run a marathon in under 2hr 5min, while Kipsang’s world mark, which he set in Berlin last September, stands at 2hr 3min 23sec. As an introduction to marathon running, Farah could not have picked a more difficult race. How has Farah been preparing? Related Articles Recovered Farah flies off to Kenya 17 Mar 2014 He has spent three months training at high altitude in Kenya, his longest ever training camp, punctuated by a single warm-up race: the New York City Half Marathon. That ended disastrously for the Londoner when he collapsed after crossing the finish line in second place though he recovered quickly and insists it was a minor setback. He returned to Kenya afterwards for a final tune-up with his American coach, Alberto Salazar – himself a former marathon star of the 1980s. What are Farah’s hopes for the race? His official target is to break the British record of 2hr 7min 13sec which has been held by Welshman Steve Jones since 1985 but he will hoping to go considerably quicker than that. He and Salazar are using the race as a test to see whether he is capable of contesting the Olympic marathon in Rio in 2016. If he finishes outside 2hr 5min he is likely to stick to what he knows best on the track. How fast is the race likely to be? That all depends on the weather but the great Haile Gebrselassie will carry out pace-making duties for the first 30km and is under instruction to take the field through at world record pace. When was the last time a British man won the London Marathon ? You have to go back all of 21 years to when Eamonn Martin won a closely fought race in 1993, crossing the line in 2hr 10min 50sec. Since then the race has provided thin pickings for British men and it was left to Paula Radcliffe to fly the flag for Britain with her victories in 2002, 2003 and 2005. In 2003, when Radcliffe set her world record of 2hr 15min 25sec, she was quicker than Britain’s fastest male athlete. How’s the women’s race shaping up this year? In any other year, Tirunesh Dibaba’s marathon debut would be big news. With three Olympic gold medals and five world titles on the track, the Ethiopian is one of the greatest female distance runners of all time so it is unfortunate that her first outing over 26.2 miles has been overshadowed by Farah’s debut in the capital. Nevertheless, the women’s race should be a cracker, with defending champion Priscah Jeptoo, Olympic gold medallist Tiki Gelana and world champion Edna Kiplagat also in the line-up. What about the wheelchair races? After finishing a disappointing fifth last year, quadruple Paralympic champion David Weir is eager to make amends by winning a record seventh London title. He blames his 2013 result on lack of fitness after scaling back his training last year but insists he is hungrier than ever to make history in his


Who was Emperor of Rome when the invasion of Britain was completed?

BBC - History : British History Timeline Late summer AD 43 British capital Camulodunum (Colchester) falls to the Romans Following the initial invasion of Britain, the Roman emperor, Claudius, arrived to symbolically lead his army to victory. In August, the Romans captured Camulodunum (Colchester), the capital of the powerful Catuvellauni tribe. With the whole of south east Britain overrun, eleven British kings made their submission. Aulus Plautius, commander of the invasion force, was appointed first Roman governor of Britain, but the majority of the island would not be pacified for at least another 50 years. c. Summer AD 44 Roman general Vespasian captures the Dorset hill forts In the second phase of the conquest of Britain, Roman general Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus - a future emperor) led his II Augusta Legion into Dorset. He fought numerous small-scale battles and captured a string of hill forts, including Maiden Castle and Hod Hill. By 48 AD, the Romans had effectively subdued all territory south of a line from the mouth of the Humber river to the Severn Estuary. c. Spring AD 47 Aulus Plautius, who led the invasion of Britain, is received as a hero in Rome Aulus Plautius led the Roman invasion of Britain in 42 AD and served as governor of the new province until 47 AD when he returned home to Rome. He was replaced by Publius Ostorius Scapula. Plautius was granted an 'ovatio' - a lesser form of military 'triumph' - during which he walked to the Capitol in the company of the emperor, Claudius. c. Summer AD 47 Iceni tribe revolt against a Roman order to surrender their weapons The Iceni tribe (based in East Anglia) were allies of Rome and had not been conquered. When ordered to surrender their weapons by the new Roman governor, Publius Ostorius Scapula, some tribesmen resisted. The revolt was quickly put down. The Iceni remained independent, but it seems likely that the pro-Roman king, Prasutagus, was installed at this time. Summer AD 49 Roman citizen-colony is founded at Camulodunum (Colchester) With many legionaries due for retirement, the Romans founded a colony for veterans at Camulodunum (Colchester). Barrack-blocks were converted into private houses, public buildings were erected and work was begun on a temple to the imperial cult. Local land was confiscated and parcelled up to make farms for the veterans. Colchester briefly became the capital of the province of Britain. Summer AD 51 British resistance leader Caratacus is defeated and captured Following his defeat in the initial phase of the Roman invasion, Caratacus, the king of Catuvellauni, had fled west to first the Silures, then the Ordovices tribes (in Gloucestershire and Wales). He fought an effective guerrilla war, but was eventually brought to battle and defeated by the Roman governor Publius Ostorius Scapula. He escaped, but was betrayed by the Brigantes tribe and captured. He was nonetheless allowed to live out his days in retirement in Italy. Summer AD 52 Guerrilla war flares up in south east Wales Following the capture of Caratacus, who had led the opposition to Rome in the west of Britain, the Silures tribe (in south Wales and Gloucestershire) fought on. Governor Publius Ostorius Scapula had died in 52 AD, apparently worn out by the stress of office. The conflict fizzled out under his successor, Aulus Didius Gallus. But in 58 AD, a new Roman governor, Quintus Veranius Nepos, finally crushed the Silures and pacified the region with a network of roads, forts and garrisons. Early summer AD 61 Romans campaign against the druids in the far west of Britain The druids were the priest-scholars of ancient Britain, but 'druid' also tended to be a 'catch all' name used by the Romans for those who resisted their rule. In order to suppress the druids in the far west of Britain, Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paulinus subdued the island of Mona (Anglesey), but he was forced to cut short the campaign to put down the revolt of the Iceni under Boudicca in south east Britain. Early summer AD 61 Roman army defeats a major revolt under Boudicca The Romans annex


What fortification did the Romans build from the Forth to the Clyde?

1000+ images about Antonine Wall of Scotland on Pinterest | Emperor, Bar and Search Forward The Bridgeness Slab (RIB 2139) was found in Bo'ness, Scotland in 1869 on a promotory close to Harbour Road. The slab is a Roman Distance slab, marking a portion of the Antonine Wall built by the Second Legion, (Legio II Augusta) and was created around 142 CE.http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_119/119_133_142.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridgeness_Slab See More


Who was the first woman jockey to complete the course?

BBC SPORT | Other Sport | Horse Racing | Women in the Grand National Women in the Grand National WOMEN RIDERS IN G NATIONAL 1977 Charlotte Brew (R) (R- Refused, P - Pulled Up, F - Fell) When Carrie Ford rides Forest Gunner the Grand National on Saturday, she will join an elite group of females to have competed in the world-famous race. Just 12 women have ridden in the Grand National - and none since 1994 - with only two completing the race. Jenny Pitman remains the only woman to have trained a Grand National winner. She saddled Corbiere to win in 1983 and repeated the feat in 1995 with Royal Athlete - her Esha Ness also 'won' the void National in 1993. Here we look at some of the leading ladies who have ridden in the Aintree marathon. CHARLOTTE BREW The 21-year-old became the first woman to ride in the Grand National, in a year when the winning horse, Red Rum, was trained by Ginger McCain. Brew and 200-1 shot Barony Fort were tailed off by the halfway stage but kept going until the horse eventually refused four fences from home. True to form, McCain broke off from celebrating Red Rum's third victory in the race to declare that the Grand National was no place for female riders. JENNY HEMBROW Hembrow is one of just two women to have two cracks at the race. Her first attempt on Sandwilan in 1979 proved short-lived when the pair parted company at the first fence. Undaunted, she tried again on the same horse the following year and got to the 19th before pulling up. GERALDINE REES Rees became the first woman to complete the course when Cheers came eighth (and last) in 1982. And Rees' second attempt the following year was soon over when 500-1 shot Midday Welcome fell at the first. VENETIA WILLIAMS Venetia Williams fell at Becher's Williams rode 200-1 chance Marcolo in the 1989 Grand National and negotiated five fences before falling at Becher's. Less than a fortnight later her career as a amateur jockey was brought to an end when she broke her neck in a fall at Worcester. Williams is now one of the leading jumps trainers in the country but has found little success in the Grand National - of her 10 runners in the race, just two have finished with her best achievement coming when General Wolfe was 12th in 1999. ROSEMARY HENDERSON At the age of 51 and dubbed "the galloping granny" by the tabloid press, Henderson rode on Fiddlers Pike in 1994. Fiddlers Pike was her own horse and by her own admission, he was "a touch on the wild side" and was sent off a 100-1 shot. But the 13-year-old did her proud in a race in which just six horses finished, completing the course in fifth place, 55 lengths behind winner Miinehoma. CARRIE FORD Ford and Forest Gunner have won over National fences Ford caused a stir at Aintree last year when she won the Foxhunters' Chase (ridden over National fences) on Forest Gunner just 10 weeks after giving birth. She has come out of retirement to ride this year but has several factors in her favour in her quest to become the first female jockey to win the race. Firstly, no horse ridden by a woman has started at shorter than 28-1 but Forest Gunner looks set to start as one of the favourites. And Ford will be the first woman to ride in the famous steeplechase having already won over National fences - on Forest Gunner.


What road divides Aintree and is crossed by National runners?

2 miles 5   furlongs 110 yards (18 fences to negotiate) No. of Runners 21 Boxer Georg, Brunswick Gold   (withdrawn), Cottage Oak, Court Red Handed, Dead Or Alive, Douglas Julian,   Earth Dream, Fresh Air And Fun, Harry Flashman,   Himalayan Express, Island Life, Keenanï¿½s Future, Mossey Joe, Orfeo Conti, Pentiffic,   Richardï¿½s Sundance, Sizing America, Supreme Doc, Swallows Delight, Tartan   Snow, Warne, Cool Friend   The  loose horse having been captured, the go-ahead was given and soon they were  off.ï¿½ Amazingly the race started less  than a minute behind schedule.ï¿½ The favourite Mossey Joe and second favourite Warne were in the  front line as they jumped the first fence.ï¿½ At the back of the field, the first casualty was Supreme Doc who  unseated his rider, Jamie Codd; the jockey still on  crouched down on hands and knees but help arriving as the horses headed  towards fence number two.ï¿½ (Iï¿½m  omitting the Miss or Mr prefixes which denote amateur status because every  rider taking part in this race is an amateur!)   Warne  and Mossey Joe were disputing the lead as they  cleared fence number two, the latter towards the inside of the track.ï¿½ Showing up close behind were the  white-faced chestnut Harry Flashman, Island Life  and Richardï¿½s Sundance.ï¿½ To the outside  of the field Pentiffic ploughed through the fence,  his nose touching the ground as he recovered but his jockey was unbalanced by  the error; he waivered to his left, and back to his right ... but heï¿½d had  lost his right iron and after a few strides gravity claimed him!ï¿½   The  remaining nineteen headed to the chair, where Island Life who had already  lost ground from his prominent early position lost further with a slight  error.ï¿½ Dead Or Alive was well behind  the others at this early stage.ï¿½ The  field headed over the water-jump, around the bend and out into the country;  Warne and Mossey Joe still leading the way.ï¿½ Behind this duo was Earth Dream against the  rail, Harry Flashman, Boxer Georg and Richardï¿½s  Sundance.ï¿½ï¿½ As they crossed the Melling Road, Dead Or Alive was a long way behind the  field but still carried on.   Warne  continued to lead the way under Sam Waley-Cohen, a  length behind was Mossey Joe.ï¿½ All the runners safely negotiated the first  two in the line of fences leading down to Becherï¿½s Brook.ï¿½ However, Boxer Georg had lost  his place completely having drifted back through the field and he had only  four or five horses behind him when he dived through the top of the  open-ditch and unseated Patrick Mullins.ï¿½ The tailed-off Dead Or Alive was pulled up before reaching this fence.   Sizing  America blundered at the eighth fence; now at the rear of the field were  Island Life and Keenanï¿½s Future, ridden by the only two lady riders in the  race!ï¿½ Come on girls, donï¿½t let the  side down!ï¿½ Warne had begun to put  distance between himself and his pursuers by the time he jumped the next, the  fence before Becherï¿½s; his sole company the two  loose horses.ï¿½ The field was beginning  to string out now; all the horses negotiated the famous fence within  incident.ï¿½ In second place continued to  be Mossey Joe, followed by Earth Dream, Court Red  Handed, Fresh Air And Fun, Cottage Oak, Richardï¿½s Sundance and Harry Flashman.ï¿½   Both  Richardï¿½s Sundance and Fresh Air And Fun made errors at the Fionavon fence; with Will Biddick losing the fight with gravity.ï¿½ Warne  continued to extend his lead as he approached and flew over the Canal Turn;  he was preceded by one of the loose horses (Supreme Doc).ï¿½ Some way back in the field, Orfeo Conti made an error at this fence.ï¿½   Having  cleared Valentineï¿½s without incident, the leader did suffer a spot of bother  as the loose horse wandered in from the right and crossed his path on the  approach to the next fence, but got over safely.ï¿½ There was an error here by Cottage Oak, who  landed steeply and whose nose almost touched the turf as a result.ï¿½ Also from Himalayan Express against


What is the Capital of Suriname? - Capital-of.com Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com Capital of Suriname The Capital City of Suriname (officially named Republic of Suriname) is the city of Paramaribo. The population of Paramaribo was 250,000. Suriname, formerly known as Nederlands Guyana, is a Dutch speaking country on the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. Additional Information


Montevideo stands at the mouth of which river?

Rio de la Plata | estuary, South America | Britannica.com estuary, South America Alternative Titles: Freshwater Sea, River of Silver, River Plate Related Topics list of cities and towns in Argentina Río de la Plata, (     Spanish: “River of Silver”) , English River Plate, a tapering intrusion of the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of South America between Uruguay to the north and Argentina to the south. While some geographers regard it as a gulf or as a marginal sea of the Atlantic, and others consider it to be a river , it is usually held to be the estuary of the Paraná and Uruguay rivers (as well as of the Paraguay River , which drains into the Paraná). The Río de la Plata system and its drainage network and the Gran Chaco. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Río de la Plata receives waters draining from the basin of these rivers, which covers much of south-central South America; the total area drained is about 1.2 million square miles (3.2 million square kilometres), or about one-fifth of the surface of the continent. Montevideo , the capital of Uruguay, is located on the northern shore of the estuary, and Buenos Aires , the capital of Argentina, is on the southwestern shore. The delta of the Paraná and the mouth of the Uruguay meet at the head of the Río de la Plata. The breadth of the estuary increases from the head seaward, a distance of about 180 miles (290 kilometres): it is 31 miles from the city of Punta Lara on the southern (Argentine) shore to the port of Colonia del Sacramento on the northern (Uruguayan) shore, and 136 miles from shore to shore at the Atlantic extremity of the estuary. To those who regard the Río de la Plata as a river, it is the widest in the world, with a total area of about 13,500 square miles. Physical features The Paraná River (Spanish: Río Paraná; Portuguese: Rio Paraná), together with its tributaries, forms the larger of the two river systems that drain into the Río de la Plata. The Paraná—meaning “Father of the Waters” in the Guaraní language—is 3,032 miles (4,880 kilometres) long and extends from the confluence of the Grande and Paranaíba rivers in southern Brazil , running generally southwestward for most of its course, before turning southeastward to drain into the Río de la Plata. The Paraná customarily is divided into two segments: the Alto (Upper) Paraná above the confluence with the Paraguay River and the Paraná proper (or lower Paraná) below the confluence. Physiography of the Alto Paraná basin Similar Topics River Tamar The Grande River rises in the Serra da Mantiqueira , part of the mountainous hinterland of Rio de Janeiro , and flows westward for approximately 680 miles; but its numerous waterfalls—such as the Marimbondo Falls, with a height of 72 feet (22 metres)—makes it of little use for navigation . The Paranaíba , which also has numerous waterfalls, is formed by many affluents , the northernmost headstream being the São Bartolomeu River, which rises just to the east of Brasília . From its origin in the Grande-Paranaíba confluence to its junction, some 750 miles downstream, with the Paraguay , the Alto Paraná receives many tributaries from both the right and the left. The three most important tributaries—the Tietê , Paranapanema , and Iguaçu rivers —all join the Alto Paraná on its left bank and have their sources within a few miles of the Atlantic coast of Brazil. The Alto Paraná first flows in a southwesterly direction down a deep cleavage in the southern slope of the ancient Brazilian Highlands , the configuration of which determines its course. Just before it begins to run along the frontier between Brazil to the east and Paraguay to the west, the river has to cut through the Serra de Maracaju (Mbaracuyú), which in the past had the effect of a dam, until the Itaipu hydroelectric dam project was completed there in 1982; the river once expanded its bed into a lake 2.5 miles wide and 4.5 miles long, with Guaíra, Brazil, standing on the southern shore. The river’s passage through the mountains was, until 1982, marked by the Guairá Falls ( Salto das Sete Quedas ), wh


Prince Lev Nikolayevich Myshkin is the title character in which famous novel?

SparkNotes: The Idiot: Analysis of Major Characters Analysis of Major Characters Themes, Motifs and Symbols Prince Lev Nikolayevich Myshkin The hero, protagonist, and title character of The Idiot, Myshkin is a descendant of an old noble line and a distant relative of Madame Yepanchin. He is a fair-haired, blue-eyed epileptic in his late twenties who comes to Russia after four years in a sanitarium in Switzerland. From the onset, Myshkin appears to be an outsider in Russian society: he dresses like a foreigner and acts as if unaware of the societal norms of the Russian aristocracy. Indeed, he is different from the other Russian aristocrats in several regards. First, Myshkin does not follow societal conventions and is not afraid of its sanctions, which mainly come in the form of ridicule. In Part I, he goes to Nastassya Filippovna's even though he has not been invited. He thinks to himself that the worst that could happen would be that the guests would laugh at him and then escort him out. Some of the other characters in the novel, such as Ganya, such shame would be absolutely terrible; for Myshkin, however, it is no big deal. He is not afraid of being laughed at; in fact, when others laugh at him, he joins in with them. When Myshkin first visits the Yepanchins, the girls indirectly call him an ass and then laugh, but he laughs with them. Furthermore, Myshkin is very open and frank. He tells new acquaintances his personal history—including the bit about living in a sanitarium for several years—right away. He does not believe in societal small talk, instead preferring to immediately jump into a discussion of the issues that are his prime concern. For instance, when Myshkin visits the Yepanchins for the first time, he immediately talks of public executions and the story of Marie. At the "engagement" dinner party at the Yepanchins, he fervently discusses grand subjects such as religion and the future of aristocracy. However, Myshkin's is highly naïve, and he is therefore fooled by members of the high society. He takes their affected friendship for genuine and sincere feeling. Perhaps his innocence is the reason for his special affinity for children. The adult world, however, is too superficial and conventional for him. Myshkin does not take offense at anyone, no matter how horrific the character's action toward him. After Ganya's slap, Myshkin does not hit back or challenge Ganya to a duel—a common recourse for action at the time. Instead, Myshkin tells Ganya that he should be ashamed of himself and leaves the room. In response to Burdovsky's lie that he is Pavlishchev's son, not only is Myshkin not angry, but he is also still willing to help Burdovsky financially. Even after Keller writes a slanderous and insulting article about Myshkin, the prince still makes Keller the best man at his wedding. Lebedev constantly lies to Myshkin and even tries to commit him to an insane asylum; when Lebedev admits this, Myshkin merely laughs in response. Aglaya constantly mocks and insults the prince, but this only saddens him. When Aglaya expresses any wish for reconciliation, Myshkin is ecstatic with joy. In short, Prince Myshkin does not bear grudges against anyone, even Rogozhin, who almost kills him. In light of Myshkin's seemingly impossible naïveté, virtually all the characters in the novel call him an "idiot." Prince Myshkin is perhaps the ultimate Christian ideal of humble selflessness and giving. He attempts to help everyone he meets and always holds the needs of others above his own. In the end, he is ready to marry Nastassya Filippovna because he feels it is necessary to save her, even though he is in love with Aglaya instead. Myshkin's compassion toward others knows no boundaries. He is too good for a world corrupted by money, lust, and individual vanity. As a result, he unwittingly adds to the destruction and is destroyed himself. Anastassya Filippovna Barashkov Nastassya's dishonor at Totsky's hands leads to wallow in self-blame and sets in motion her tendency for self-destruction. She is willing to sacrifice her own life to


Which US animated series features the Griffin family?

Watch Family Guy Online Free with Verizon Fios® Family Guy 5 Seasons Sick, twisted and politically incorrect, the animated series features the adventures of the Griffin family. Endearingly ignorant Peter and his stay-at-home wife Lois reside in Quahog, R.I., and have three kids. Meg, the eldest child, is a social outcast, and teenage Chris is awkward and clueless when it comes to the opposite sex. The youngest, Stewie, is a genius baby bent on killing his mother and destroying the world. The talking dog, Brian, keeps Stewie in check while sipping martinis and sorting through his own life issues. Watch Now Show Details Sick, twisted and politically incorrect, the animated series features the adventures of the Griffin family. Endearingly ignorant Peter and his stay-at-home wife Lois reside in Quahog, R.I., and have three kids. Meg, the eldest child, is a social outcast, and teenage Chris is awkward and clueless when it comes to the opposite sex. The youngest, Stewie, is a genius baby bent on killing his mother and destroying the world. The talking dog, Brian, keeps Stewie in check while sipping martinis and sorting through his own life issues. Release:


In which state of the USA was Elvis Presley born?

Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb Elvis Presley Biography Showing all 302 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (10) | Trivia  (225) | Personal Quotes  (36) | Salary  (24) Overview (5) The King of Rock 'n' Roll Height 5' 11¾" (1.82 m) Mini Bio (1) Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Presley (née Gladys Love Smith) and Vernon Presley (Vernon Elvis Presley). He had a twin brother who was stillborn. In September 1948, Elvis and his parents moved to Memphis, Tennessee where he attended Humes High School. In 1953, he attended the senior prom with the current girl he was courting, Regis Wilson. After graduating from high school in Memphis, Elvis took odd jobs working as a movie theater usher and a truck driver for Crown Electric Company. He began singing locally as "The Hillbilly Cat", then signed with a local recording company, and then with RCA in 1955. Elvis did much to establish early rock and roll music. He began his career as a performer of rockabilly, an up-tempo fusion of country music and rhythm and blues, with a strong backbeat. His novel versions of existing songs, mixing 'black' and 'white' sounds, made him popular - and controversial - as did his uninhibited stage and television performances. He recorded songs in the rock and roll genre, with tracks like "Jailhouse Rock" and "Hound Dog" later embodying the style. Presley had a versatile voice and had unusually wide success encompassing other genres, including gospel, blues, ballads and pop music. Teenage girls became hysterical over his blatantly sexual gyrations, particularly the one that got him nicknamed "Elvis the Pelvis" (television cameras were not permitted to film below his waist). In 1956, following his six television appearances on The Dorsey Brothers' "Stage Show", Elvis was cast in his first acting role, in a supporting part in Love Me Tender (1956), the first of 33 movies he starred in. In 1958, Elvis was drafted into the military, and relocated to Bad Nauheim, Germany. There he met and fell in love with 14-year old army damsel Priscilla Ann Wagner ( Priscilla Presley ), whom he would eventually marry after an eight-year courtship, and with whom he had his only child, Lisa Marie Presley . Elvis' military service and the "British Invasion" of the 1960s reduced his concerts, though not his movie/recording income. Through the 1960s, Elvis settled in Hollywood, where he starred in the majority of his thirty-three movies, mainly musicals, acting alongside some of the most well known actors in Hollywood. Critics panned most of his films, but they did very well at the box office, earning upwards of $150 million total. His last fiction film, Change of Habit (1969), deals with several social issues; romance within the clergy, an autistic child, almost unheard of in 1969, rape, and mob violence. It has recently received critical acclaim. Elvis made a comeback in the 1970s with live concert appearances starting in early 1970 in Las Vegas with over 57 sold-out shows. He toured throughout the United States, appearing on-stage in over 500 live appearances, many of them sold out shows. His marriage ended in divorce, and the stress of constantly traveling as well as his increasing weight gain and dependence upon stimulants and depressants took their toll. Elvis Presley died at age 42 on August 16, 1977 at his mansion in Graceland, near Memphis, shocking his fans worldwide. At the time of his death, he had sold more than 600 million singles and albums. Since his death, Graceland has become a shrine for millions of followers worldwide. Elvis impersonators and purported sightings have become stock subjects for humorists. To date, Elvis Presley is the only performer to have been inducted into three separate music 'Halls of Fame'. Throughout his career, he set records for concert attendance, television ratings and recordings sales, and remains one of the best-selling and most influential artists in the history of popular music. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Ed Stephan and Chris Holland Spouse


What was Queen Victoria’s comment upon witnessing an impersonation of herself?

Victoria | queen of United Kingdom | Britannica.com queen of United Kingdom Albert, prince consort of Great Britain and Ireland Victoria, in full Alexandrina Victoria (born May 24, 1819, Kensington Palace, London, England —died January 22, 1901, Osborne, near Cowes , Isle of Wight ), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–1901). She was the last of the house of Hanover and gave her name to an era, the Victorian Age . During her reign the English monarchy took on its modern ceremonial character. She and her husband, Prince Consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha , had nine children, through whose marriages were descended many of the royal families of Europe . Queen Victoria, c. 1890. Overview of Queen Victoria’s reign. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Victoria first learned of her future role as a young princess during a history lesson when she was 10 years old. Almost four decades later Victoria’s governess recalled that the future queen reacted to the discovery by declaring, “I will be good.” This combination of earnestness and egotism marked Victoria as a child of the age that bears her name. The queen, however, rejected important Victorian values and developments. Although she hated pregnancy and childbirth, detested babies, and was uncomfortable in the presence of children, Victoria reigned in a society that idealized both motherhood and the family. She had no interest in social issues, yet the 19th century in Britain was an age of reform. She resisted technological change even while mechanical and technological innovations reshaped the face of European civilization. Most significantly, Victoria was a queen determined to retain political power; yet unwillingly and unwittingly she presided over the transformation of the sovereign’s political role into a ceremonial one and thus preserved the English monarchy. When Victoria became queen, the political role of the crown was by no means clear; nor was the permanence of the throne itself. When she died and her son Edward VII moved from Marlborough House to Buckingham Palace , the change was one of social rather than of political focus; there was no doubt about the monarchy’s continuance. That was the measure of her reign. Lineage and early life On the death in 1817 of Princess Charlotte, daughter of the prince regent (later George IV ), there was no surviving legitimate offspring of George III ’s 15 children. In 1818, therefore, three of his sons, the dukes of Clarence, Kent, and Cambridge , married to provide for the succession. The winner in the race to father the next ruler of Britain was Edward, duke of Kent, fourth son of King George III. His only child was christened Alexandrina Victoria. After his death and George IV’s accession in 1820, Victoria became third in the line of succession to the throne after the Duke of York (died 1827) and the Duke of Clarence (subsequently William IV ), whose own children died in infancy. Britannica Stories Scientists Ponder Menopause in Killer Whales Victoria, by her own account, “was brought up very simply,” principally at Kensington Palace , where her closest companions, other than her German-born mother, the Duchess of Kent, were her half sister, Féodore, and her governess, Louise (afterward the Baroness) Lehzen, a native of Coburg . An important father figure to the orphaned princess was her uncle Leopold , her mother’s brother, who lived at Claremont, near Esher, Surrey, until he became king of the Belgians in 1831. Victoria’s childhood was made increasingly unhappy by the machinations of the Duchess of Kent’s advisor, Sir John Conroy. In control of the pliable duchess, Conroy hoped to dominate the future queen of Britain as well. Persuaded by Conroy that the royal dukes, “the wicked uncles,” posed a threat to her daughter, the duchess reared Victoria according to “the Kensington system,” by which she and Conroy systematically isolated Victoria from her contemporaries and her father’s family. Conroy thus aimed to make the princess dependent on and easily led by himself.


Bjorn Ulvaeus of ABBA fame collaborated with Tim Rice on which hit musical?

ABBA — Listen for free on Spotify ABBA Play on Spotify The most commercially successful pop group of the 1970s, the origins of the Swedish superstars ABBA dated back to 1966, when keyboardist and vocalist Benny Andersson , a onetime member of the popular beat outfit the Hep Stars , first teamed with guitarist and vocalist Bjorn Ulvaeus , the leader of the folk-rock unit the Hootenanny Singers . The two performers began composing songs together and handling session and production work for Polar Music/Union Songs, a publishing company owned by Stig Anderson, himself a prolific songwriter throughout the 1950s and 1960s. At the same time, both Andersson and Ulvaeus worked on projects with their respective girlfriends: Ulvaeus had become involved with vocalist Agnetha Faltskog , a performer with a recent number one Swedish hit, "I Was So in Love," under her belt, while Andersson began seeing Anni-Frid Lyngstad, a one-time jazz singer who rose to fame by winning a national talent contest. In 1971, Faltskog ventured into theatrical work, accepting the role of Mary Magdalene in a Swedish production of Andrew Lloyd Webber 's Jesus Christ Superstar; her cover of the musical's "Don't Know How to Love Him" became a significant hit. The following year, the duo of Andersson and Ulvaeus scored a massive international hit with "People Need Love," which featured Faltskog and Lyngstad on backing vocals. The record's success earned them an invitation to enter the Swedish leg of the 1973 Eurovision song contest, where, under the unwieldy name of Bjorn, Benny, Agnetha & Frida, they submitted "Ring Ring," which proved extremely popular with audiences but placed only third in the judges' ballots. The next year, rechristened ABBA (a suggestion from Stig Anderson and an acronym of the members' first names), the quartet submitted the single "Waterloo," and became the first Swedish act to win the Eurovision competition. The record proved to be the first of many international hits, although the group hit a slump after their initial success as subsequent singles failed to chart. In 1975, however, ABBA issued "S.O.S.," a smash not only in America and Britain but also in non-English speaking countries such as Spain, Germany and the Benelux nations, where the group's success was fairly unprecedented. A string of hits followed, including "Mamma Mia," "Fernando," and "Dancing Queen" (ABBA's sole U.S. chart-topper), further honing their lush, buoyant sound; by the spring of 1976, they were already in position to issue their first Greatest Hits collection. ABBA's popularity continued in 1977, when both "Knowing Me, Knowing You" and "The Name of the Game" dominated airwaves. The group also starred in the feature film ABBA -- The Movie, which was released in 1978. That year Andersson and Lyngstad married, as had Ulvaeus and Faltskog in 1971, although the latter couple separated a few months later; in fact, romantic suffering was the subject of many songs on the quartet's next LP, 1979's Voulez-Vous. Shortly after the release of 1980s Super Trouper, Andersson and Lyngstad divorced as well, further straining the group dynamic; The Visitors, issued the following year, was the final LP of new ABBA material, and the foursome officially disbanded after the December 1982 release of their single "Under Attack." Although all of the group's members soon embarked on new projects -- both Lyngstad and Faltskog issued solo LPs, while Andersson and Ulvaeus collaborated with Tim Rice on the musical Chess -- none proved as successful as the group's earlier work, largely because throughout much of the world, especially Europe and Australia, the ABBA phenomenon never went away. Repackaged hits compilations and live collections continued hitting the charts long after the group's demise, and new artists regularly pointed to the quartet's inspiration: while the British dance duo Erasure released a covers collection, ABBA-esque, an Australian group called Bjorn Again found success as ABBA impersonators. In 1993, "Dancing Queen" became a staple of U2 's "Zoo TV" tour -- Andersson a


Which acid occurs naturally in the human stomach?

BBC Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Organ Layer Location: Between a muscular tube called the oesophagus and the small intestine Physical description: A J-shaped elastic sac which is the widest part of your digestive system Function: Storing food, breaking food down and mixing it with juices secreted by your stomach lining Food store Your stomach is a short-term food-storage facility. This allows you to consume a large meal quickly and then digest it over an extended period of time. When full, your stomach can hold around one litre of chewed up food. Swallowed food is propelled down your oesophagus into your stomach. Food is enclosed in your stomach by two circular muscles, known as sphincters. Chemical breakdown As soon as food enters your stomach, your stomach lining releases enzymes that start breaking down proteins in the food. Your stomach lining also secretes hydrochloric acid, which creates the ideal conditions for the protein-digesting enzymes to work. The potent hydrochloric acid kills bacteria, protecting your body from harmful microbes which can enter your body in food. Your stomach protects itself from being digested by its own enzymes, or burnt by the corrosive hydrochloric acid, by secreting sticky, neutralising mucus that clings to the stomach walls. If this layer becomes damaged in any way it can result in painful and unpleasant stomach ulcers. Physical breakdown Waves of muscular contraction along your stomach wall, known as peristalsis, break food down into smaller pieces, mix it with fluids secreted from your stomach lining and move it through your stomach. This creates a mixture that resembles thick cream. Release of food into small intestine When food has been broken down sufficiently, small amounts are squirted out of your stomach into your small intestine for further processing. This normally occurs within four hours of eating a meal, but can take six or more hours if your meal has a high fat content.


The Who - Boris The Spider - YouTube The Who - Boris The Spider Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 13, 2008 Written by John Entwistle Recorded at Pye Studios, London in October 1966. John's creepy crawly story, the very first song he wrote for The Who, endured as a live favourite throughout their entire career. The band even played it on their 25th anniversary re-union tour in 1989. Category


What bird did sailors call Mother Carey’s Chicken?

A.Word.A.Day -- stormy petrel stormy petrel A.Word.A.Day with Anu Garg Birds get little respect. We tend to look down at non-human animals in general, but we are particularly unfair when it comes to birds (although we have to look up at them). We call a stupid fellow a "bird brain". Australians call him a galah (a type of cockatoo). Something useless is said to be "for the birds". We name someone vain and self-conscious a peacock. One who is talkative or a hoarder is labeled a magpie. A cowardly or fearful fellow is a chicken... the list is endless. We even kill two birds with one stone. I'd rather the idiom be to feed two birds with one grain. This week we feature five terms coined after birds. Catch as many of these bird words as you can. After all, a word in the head is worth two in the book. stormy petrel stormy petrel (STOR-mee PE-truhl) noun 1. Any of various small sea birds of the family Hydrobatidae having dark feathers and lighter underparts, also known as Mother Carey's Chicken. 2. One who brings trouble or whose appearance is a sign of coming trouble. [The birds got the name storm petrel or stormy petrel because old-time sailors believed their appearance foreshadowed a storm. It's not certain why the bird is named petrel. One unsubstantiated theory is that it is named after St Peter who walked on water in the Gospel of Matthew. The petrel's habit of flying low over water with legs extended gives the appearance that it's walking on the water.] See more usage examples of stormy petrel in Vocabulary.com's dictionary . "A colourful stormy petrel of the Conservative Party, Anthony Beaumont-Dark frequently found himself at odds with the party line in the Commons, and was well known for expressing his dissent in memorably quotable form." Obituary: Sir Anthony Beaumont-Dark; The Times (London, UK); Apr 4, 2006. X-Bonus In some circumstances, the refusal to be defeated is a refusal to be educated. -Margaret Halsey, novelist (1910-1997) Subscribe: Sign up to receive A.Word.A.Day in your mailbox every day. "The most welcomed, most enduring piece of daily mass e-mail in cyberspace." -The New York Times Sponsored by:


What was the alter ego of Music Hall comedian Arthur Lucan in the inter-war years?

Hanging up the purple wig, Dame Edna’s alter ego wants a word - The Globe and Mail The Globe and Mail Friday, Apr. 03, 2015 2:48PM EDT Last updated Print License article Barry Humphries is on the phone from Palm Desert, Calif., – and he is not wearing a lilac wig, or donning cat-eye glasses or speaking in a gargly falsetto. “I’m a rather neglected figure in this enterprise; no one ever wants to speak to me,” he says. You know the Australian character comedian better as his alter ego Dame Edna Everage – the “Gigastar” chat-show host who greets her fans with the catchphrase, “Hello, Possums!” and is happy to give interviews on her own. Multimedia Tintin in America, the third volume of the Tintin comic-book series by Belgian artist Hergé, is under scrutiny in Manitoba after a campaign led to its temporary removal from a Chapters bookstore. Multimedia Is Tintin racist? Uproar in Winnipeg opens new chapter in old argument Edna, first created by Humphries as a student at the University of Melbourne in 1955, is celebrating her 60th anniversary in theatre, film and television this year. She’s on a “final farewell tour” – which has been chugging along for two years now and makes a stop at Toronto’s Princess of Wales this month. It’s not quite retirement for her “manager” yet, though. While Humphries recently turned 81 and says he must confront the reality of “no longer being a young man,” he’s been saying similar things for years. And despite having a wife (his fourth), four children, “five or six” grandchildren and three horses he’d like to spend time with, Humphries has recently been appointed the artistic director of the Adelaide Cabaret Festival, where his characters – others, popular in Britain and Australia, include the boorish Sir Les Patterson – will no doubt live on. It will be tough for Humphries to give up touring – he’s been doing it his whole professional life, his first gig as an actor being a bus tour of Shakespeare through his home state of Victoria. It was on that bus that Edna was born, a funny voice to entertain his fellow actors on the long journeys between Australian towns. “The touring life is uncomfortable, inconvenient, disorienting … and yet, and yet, I enjoy it,” he says. Edna has evolved over the years as she made her way from shy housewife on a university stage to West End revues and later film, Broadway and television – (interviewing celebrities and, later, a stint on the series Ally McBeal). “After every show, you put a character like that in a box like you would a costume,” Humphries explains. “Every time I used to come back to the box, she’d be different; something had happened in the interim.” Over six decades, Edna’s hair has become a deeper shade of violet, her ego has expanded as she went from superstar to “gigastar,” and her clothes have become more expensive until, Humphries says, she is now better dressed than any woman in her audiences. “Or is it that audiences of the theatre are worse dressed than they ever were?” Humphries asks. “Now I look into the audience: I see tracksuits, dirty trainers, people eating and drinking … if they have decent clothes, when on earth do they wear them?” This is the type of observation and minor antagonism of the audience that sounds cranky and old coming from Humphries – but can be delightful and hilarious when unleashed by the gifted improviser in a wig and a dress and up an octave. Edna has landed in hot water occasionally for her observations – as when she wrote a column for Vanity Fair in 2003, advising a reader to not bother learning Spanish: “Who speaks it that you are really desperate to talk to? The help?” (Salma Hayek was among those who complained to the magazine.) But Humphries’s out-of-character pronouncements aren’t so easily laughed off – and he recently got in trouble telling an interviewer that he might ban the F-word from the Adelaide Cabaret Festival. Comedians were up in arms. “I’m very lucky because, although I’m a respectable person, I manage always to give slight offence,” he says. Nevertheless, Humphries complains about the “horrificall


The Household Cavalry consists of the Life Guards Regiment and which other?

Household Cavalry - British Army Website Household Cavalry The Household Cavalry The Household Cavalry maintains a world famous tradition dating back to 1660 and it consists of The Life Guards and The Blues and Royals. They are the oldest and most senior regiments in the British Army and are split between two different units equipped to perform two quite different roles. History & Tradition Ready for short-notice operations, at home or abroad, the Household Cavalry Regiment continues an unbroken tradition of service to the country spanning nearly four centuries. In the Armoured Cavalry role, the HCR is tasked to reconnoitre swiftly ahead of other forces, scouting for the enemy and understanding the human and physical terrain. The regiment today capitalises upon recent experience of operations in Afghanistan and Iraq but also in Bosnia, Kosovo, Northern Ireland, the Falklands Islands and within the UK. At home, the HCR has played a critical role in varied UK Operations, from providing security for the 2012 Olympic Games to providing flood relief to local residents in Datchet. Ceremonial In London, the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment provides the Army’s mounted State Ceremonial & Public Duties capability – the public face of the British Army to the world and the mounted escort to Her Majesty The Queen. Throughout these diverse activities, our people provide our continuity and our currency; soldiers dual-trained in operational and ceremonial soldiering. Career The variety of opportunity in the Household Cavalry requires soldiers who can adapt to the unique challenges and requirements of modern day soldiering. More often than not, the Household Cavalrymen who ride down the Mall in gleaming State Ceremonial uniforms were only recently operating armoured vehicles or conducting specialist reconnaissance work on exercise or operations. Opportunities & prospects If you were to join the Household Cavalry you could acquire new practical skills in vehicle mechanics, complex communications systems, education, command, leadership management, and a number of equine qualifications. You will also develop greater confidence, self-discipline and make friends for life through an unparalleled diversity of opportunity that the Household Cavalry enjoys.


In which town is the Officer Training School for the Royal Navy?

Britannia Royal Naval College - Military Schools Military Schools Type: Initial officer training school Religious Affiliation: Non-denominational Yearly Tuition: None Year Founded: 1863 Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC) is the initial officer training school for prospective cadets of the Royal Navy. It is located on a hill overlooking Dartmouth, in Devon, England.  It is one of the four officer training schools in the United Kingdom. The school traces its history way back in 1863 when HMS Britannia was moved from Portland to River Dart for the purpose of training recruits. In 1905, the shore-based Royal Naval College, Dartmouth was completed and in September that year, the first term of cadets of Royal Naval College, Osborne were transferred to Dartmouth. As of today, applicants between the ages of 18 and 32 are eligible for enrollment at the Royal Naval College. Most cadets entering Royal Naval College are those who have completed a diploma course at a university; however, some still join directly from school. To enter as a cadet, applicants must have 180 or more Universities and Colleges Admissions Service UCAS points. They should also pass the Admiralty Interview Board, where they are tested mentally and physically. Several mental aptitude tests are administered, along with a basic physical fitness test and a medical examination. Currently, there is a large contingent of foreign and Commonwealth students, with students from overseas making up more than 20% of the school population. Following the closure of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich in 1998, Britannia Royal Naval College is the sole naval school in the United Kingdom. Britannia Royal Naval College


What was the nickname of American bank robber Charles Floyd?

1000+ images about Gangsters_Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd on Pinterest | Pretty boy floyd, Robin hoods and Days in Forward Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd - Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd, shot and killed by FBI agents a year after the Kansas City Massacre; the Bureau insisted that he was one of the killers, but Floyd denied being one of the killers with his dying breath. See More


What is the name for the centre player in the front row of a rugby scrum?

Rugby Positions | LineoutCoach.com Key Partners Rugby Positions Rugby positions each have a specific role to play.  Different physical attributes are required, although strength and speed are key across the team. Most players will specialise in one or two positions which uses their skills and size to best advantage. The 15 players for each team are on the pitch at all times and play both attacking and defending roles unlike American Football which has offence, defence and special teams that alternate depending on possession. The team is divided into two packs, the Forwards (8 players) and Backs (7 players) and they can stand in any position on the field of play as long as they remain onside. The exception is set piece plays when rugby rules stipulate where  each player should be in relation to the ball and opposition. The players wear rugby jerseys with the numbers 1-15 on the back. The number stays with the rugby positions and not the player as it can do in other sports so the hooker is always number 2 for example. The numbers were introduced in 1920s as a way for coaches to rate the players. Teams can call on substitute players with team numbers (16-23) to cover rugby positions where players are injured, tired or as impact players to turn a match around or close down an opposing team in a close game. Rugby Positions Explained A basic understanding of the rugby positions and the skills of each player will help you enjoy the sport more and appreciate the tactics of the game. Rugby positions names Some of the names for the 15 rugby positions have changed over the years and some have different names in other countries. The IRB use terms favoured by northern hemisphere countries. Variations to these include: Flanker – wing forwards Outside centre – centre three-quarter, centre Wing – wing three-quarter Fly-half – outside half, stand-off half, out half, first five-eighth Scrum-half – half-back Number 8 – 8 man Rugby Positions: Forwards Rugby positions numbers 1-8 on the field are called the Forward pack. They are involved in all the set piece plays and contest the lineouts and scrums. Larger and more powerful than the Backs, they aim to win or retain the ball and drive the team up the field and in that respect are similar to linebackers or linesman in American Football. Rugby Positions: Front Row Supports hooker in the scrum Lifts jumpers in the lineout Key power at rucks and mauls for retaining ball 2 Hooker Middle of the front row of the scrum Responsible for winning the ball Throws ball at lineouts Rugby positions: Second row (loose forwards/loosies) 4 Lock or lock forward 5 Lock or lock forward Tallest on the field Bind in the scrum and drive forward Rugby positions: Back Row At the back of the scrum Aim to win ball through turnovers 8 Number Eight Link between the forward pack and backs Controls ball at back of scrum before attack begins Rugby Positions: Backs Rugby positions numbers 9-15 are called the Backs. They tend to be smaller than their Foward brothers as they need speed and agility to run the ball into space or kick for goal. They have to maximise the possession and get points on the board so would be similar to running backs or wide receivers in American Football. Rugby positions: Half-backs Links between forwards and backs Feeds ball into scrum Collects ball from the back 10 Fly-half Directs play on the pitch Good decision maker and communicator Commonly the goal kicker Good reader of the game Direct attacks Score tries and finish plays Fast and agile Powerful enough to break tackles 15 Full Back


If someone is crapulous - in what condition are they?

Coma - NHS Choices Coma  Coma Introduction  A coma is a state of unconsciousness where a person is unresponsive and cannot be woken. It can result from injury to the brain, such as a  severe head injury  or stroke . A coma can also be caused by severe alcohol poisoning  or a brain infection (encephalitis) .  People with  diabetes  could fall into a coma if their blood glucose levels suddenly became very low (hypoglycaemia) or very high (hyperglycaemia) .  You may find the following information useful if you have a friend or loved one who is in a coma. It covers: Support and more information   What is a coma? Someone who is in a coma is unconscious and has minimal brain activity. They're alive, but can't be woken up and show no signs of being aware. The person's eyes will be closed and they'll appear to be unresponsive to their environment. They won't normally respond to sound or pain, or be able to communicate or move voluntarily. Someone in a coma will also have very reduced basic reflexes such as coughing and swallowing. They may be able to breathe on their own, although some people require a machine to help them breathe. Over time, the person may start to gradually regain consciousness and become more aware. Some people will wake up after a few weeks, while others may go into a vegetative state or minimally conscious state (see recovering from a coma , below). Caring for and monitoring a person in a coma Doctors assess a person's level of consciousness using a tool called the Glasgow Coma Scale . This level is monitored constantly for signs of improvement or deterioration. The Glasgow Coma Scale assesses three things: eye opening – a score of one means no eye opening, and four means opens eyes spontaneously verbal response to a command – a score of one means no response, and five means alert and talking voluntary movements in response to a command – a score of one means no response, and six means obeys commands Most people in a coma will have a total score of eight or less. A lower score means someone may have experienced more severe brain damage and could be less likely to recover. In the short term, a person in a coma will normally be looked after in an intensive care unit (ICU) . Treatment involves ensuring their condition is stable and their body functions, such as breathing and blood pressure, are supported while the underlying cause is treated. In the longer term, healthcare staff will give supportive treatment on a hospital ward. This can involve providing nutrition, trying to prevent infections, moving the person regularly so they don't develop bedsores, and gently exercising their joints to stop them becoming tight. What you can do as a visitor The experience of being in a coma differs from person to person. Some people feel they can remember events that happened around them while they were in a coma, while others don't. Some people have reported feeling enormous reassurance from the presence of a loved one when coming out of a coma. When visiting a friend or loved one in a coma, you may find the advice below helpful: when you arrive, announce who you are talk to them about your day as you normally would – be aware that everything you say in front of them might be heard show them your love and support – even just sitting and holding their hand or stroking their skin can be a great comfort Research has also suggested that stimulating the main senses – touch, hearing, vision and smell – could potentially help a person recover from a coma. As well as talking to the person and holding their hand, you might want to try playing them their favourite music through headphones, putting flowers in their room or spraying a favourite perfume. Recovering from a coma A coma usually only lasts a few weeks, during which time the person may start to gradually wake up and gain consciousness, or progress into a different state of unconsciousness called a vegetative state or minimally conscious state. a vegetative state – where a person is awake but shows no signs of being aware of their surroundings or themselves a minimally con


Which cartoon character says ‘Drat and double drat’?

Dick Dastardly - Drat !, Double Drat ! & Triple Drat ! - YouTube Dick Dastardly - Drat !, Double Drat ! & Triple Drat ! Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Aug 31, 2011 Dick Dastardly's Famous Phrase !


What will our Sun become in the first stage of its death?

ASP: Biography of a Star: Our Sun's Birth, Life, and Death Biography  of a Star: Our Sun's Birth, Life, and Death Just  Right Depending on the  size of the original lump of gas and dust, the process of stellar birth can  give rise to different sorts of stars. A small lump never develops high enough  pressures and temperatures to start nuclear fusion. It is doomed to remain a  dark, dismal stellar wanna-be -- a so-called brown dwarf. A larger lump becomes  a large star, so hot and bright that it burns itself out in a few tens of millions  of years. A lump in the middle, not too small and not too large, becomes a middling  star such as the Sun. Which is good: If the Sun had been much smaller, Earth  would have been a dark, dead world; much larger, and Earth would have been broiled. The     middle-aged suburbanite. The Sun is a two-car-garage kind of star. Its     stability and temperance make it an ideal provider for tender planets.     Photo courtesy of Mount Wilson Observatory. In its early years,  the Sun went through a tempestuous youth, whipping up strong winds that cleared  the solar system of whatever gas had not been incorporated into a planet. But  then the Sun settled down. From studying rocks, fossils, and Antarctic ice,  scientists think the Sun has been brightening over time, but only slightly. And how much longer  will it continue to shine? For an idea of the Sun's life expectancy, astronomers  look to clusters of stars, such as one named Messier 67, which is about the  same age as our Sun. By simulating the life cycles of these stars on a computer,  astronomers have ascertained how long stars live. They predict that the Sun  will be able to fuse hydrogen into helium in its core at about the same rate  for another 5 billion years. (What a relief!) If the Sun were a car, the gas  tank would now be half full. What will happen  when the Sun does run out of gas? (Hydrogen gas, that is.) Fortunately, the  Sun will still have reserves of hydrogen in the layers that surround the core.  The core will heat up this shell of hydrogen. When the shell gets hot enough  to fuse hydrogen to helium, the release of energy will carry on there. It is  as if the driver of the car poured an extra few gallons into the fuel tank. But this trick  has a price. The source of energy will no longer be the dense, massive core,  but rather a shell closer to the surface -- and that will make a big (so to  speak) difference in the structure of the Sun. The Sun will puff up until its  radius is 30 times greater. It will become a red giant, similar to the star  Arcturus, though much smaller than a supergiant such as Betelgeuse (see photo  on p. 3). A red giant is red because its exterior cooled from 9,000 to 3,000  degrees Fahrenheit as it expanded; for a star, red means cool. This red-giant  stage will last for about 2 billion years. That  Time Bomb in the Middle The     last fling. Its normal life over, Betelgeuse is now a red supergiant — red, because its surface is a comparatively cool red-hot, and supergiant,     because it is hundreds of times larger than the Sun and ten times more     massive. Its waistline, however, is not a sign of might, but of impending     death. Photo courtesy of Andrea Dupree, Ronald Gilliland, NASA, and the     European Space Agency. The striking but now-outdated video Universe, produced by NASA in the 1970s, shows the red-giant Sun engulfing the Earth. Though certainly dramatic, this is now thought to be incorrect. Astronomers have had to scale down their estimates of the size of red giants based on data from the satellite Hipparcos and from the new optical and infrared interferometers -- networks of telescopes which can take images of large, nearby stars. Now we think the Sun will not engulf us when it becomes a red giant. But that is small  comfort. In its retirement from normal core fusion, our previously nurturing  star will care little for its planetary children. It will be pumping out a


Apart from the Sun which is the nearest star to Earth?

Closest Star to the Sun - Universe Today   Universe Today Closest Star to the Sun Article Updated: 18 Oct , 2016 by Fraser Cain This is a classic trick question. Ask a friend, “what is the closest star?” and then watch as they try to recall some nearby stars. Sirius maybe? Alpha something or other? Betelgeuse? The answer, obviously, is the Sun; that massive ball of plasma located a mere 150 million km from Earth. Let’s be more precise; what’s the closest star to the Sun? Closest Star You might have heard that it’s Alpha Centauri, the third brightest star in the sky, just 4.37 light-years from Earth. But Alpha Centauri isn’t one star, it’s a system of three stars. First, there’s a binary pair, orbiting a common center of gravity every 80 years. Alpha Centauri A is just a little more massive and brighter than the Sun, and Alpha Centauri B is slightly less massive than the Sun. Then there’s a third member of this system, the faint red dwarf star, Proxima Centauri. It’s the closest star to our Sun, located just a short 4.24 light-years away. Proxima Centauri Alpha Centauri is located in the Centaurus constellation, which is only visible in the Southern Hemisphere. Unfortunately, even if you can see the system, you can’t see Proxima Centauri. It’s so dim, you need a need a reasonably powerful telescope to resolve it. Let’s get sense of scale for just how far away Proxima Centauri really is. Think about the distance from the Earth to Pluto. NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft travels at nearly 60,000 km/h, the fastest a spacecraft has ever traveled in the Solar System. It will have taken more than nine years to make this journey when it arrives in 2015. Travelling at this speed, to get to Proxima Centauri, it would take New Horizons 78,000 years. Proxima Centauri has been the nearest star for about 32,000 years, and it will hold this record for another 33,000 years. It will make its closest approach to the Sun in about 26,700 years, getting to within 3.11 light-years of Earth. After 33,000 years from now, the nearest star will be Ross 248. What About the Northern Hemisphere? Bernard’s Star For those of us in the Northern Hemisphere, the closest visible star is Barnard’s Star, another red dwarf in the constellation Ophiuchus. Unfortunately, just like Proxima Centauri, it’s too dim to see with the unaided eye. The closest star that you can see with the naked eye in the Northern Hemisphere is Sirius, the Dog Star. Sirius, has twice the mass and is almost twice the size of the Sun, and it’s the brightest star in the sky. Located 8.6 light-years away in the constellation Canis Major – it’s very familiar as the bright star chasing Orion across the night sky in Winter. How do Astronomers Measure the Distance to Stars? They use a technique called parallax. Do a little experiment here. Hold one of your arms out at length and put your thumb up so that it’s beside some distant reference object. Now take turns opening and closing each eye. Notice how your thumb seems to jump back and forth as you switch eyes? That’s the parallax method. To measure the distance to stars, you measure the angle to a star when the Earth is one side of its orbit; say in the summer. Then you wait 6 month, until the Earth has moved to the opposite side of its orbit, and then measure the angle to the star compared to some distant reference object. If the star is close, the angle will be measurable, and the distance can be calculated. You can only really measure the distance to the nearest stars this way, since it only works to about 100 light-years. The 20 Closest Stars Here is a list of the 20 closest star systems and their distance in light-years. Some of these have multiple stars, but they’re part of the same system. Alpha Centauri – 4.2


What term describes the plucking of string instruments?

String Music Terms | Musical Terms | String Instrument Music Terms Search Glossary of String Music Terms Welcome to our Glossary of String Music Terms where you can get the basic knowledge of terms used in the string music profession. These string music terms are the names of instruments: Violin: The violin or “fiddle” is a string instrument which is played with a bow.  It is the smallest member of the string family of orchestra instruments.  The violin has 4 strings.  The names of the strings are E, A, D and G. The violin is very similar to the viola, but the violin has plays higher pitches.  The violin comes in fractional sizes 1/64 to 3/4 and of course the 4/4  size violin.  Shop for Violins under $1000.   Shop for Violins over $1000. Viola: The viola is a little bit bigger then the violin. The viola string instrument is measured by inches no fractions like the violin. The viola is available in 14″ – 17.5″ but if you need a smaller viola, it is possible to put viola strings on a violin.  The viola has four strings which are A, D, G and C.  Shop for Violas under $1000.  Shop for Violas over $1000. Cello: The cello is much larger then the violin or viola.  It is played sitting down but is still a bowed string instrument.  The strings on the cello are A, D, G and C but sound one octave lower then the Viola.  Cellos are available is 1/10 – 4/4 sizes. Shop for Cellos under $4000.   Shop for cellos over $4000. Bass: The Bass is the largest instrument in the string family.  It is played standing or sitting on a tall stool.  The bass is also commonly called the string bass, double bass, stand up bass or acoustic bass.  The strings on the bass are G, D, A and E.  Basses are available in 1/8 – 4/4 sizes.  Shop for Basses. These String Music Terms are parts and accessories for string instruments: Bow: A violin bow, viola bow, cello bow or bass bow is made of wood and have horse hairs which pull the strings to make a sound.  There is rosin that is applied to the horse hairs to make them sticky enough to grab the string.  Shop for Bows. Rosin: Rosin is made of tree sap which has been cooked into a solid so that it may be rubbed on the hairs of a bow.  Shop for Rosin. End Pin:  The Cello End Pin or Bass End Pin is a metal rod that comes out of the bottom of a cello or bass to support the instrument.  It rests on the floor allowing the cello or bass to be suspended and easier to play.  When the Cello or Bass is put away the end pin conveniently slides into the body of the instrument for storage. Violins and Violas do not have end pins. Fittings:  The fittings of a string instrument include the Pegs, Bridge, Tail Piece, Chin Rest (on violins and violas), or End Pin (on cellos and basses).  A string instrument that comes “set up” with have all of these parts included. Chin Rest: A Violin Chin Rest or Viol Chin Rest is an accessory that usually comes as part of the fittings of the violin or violin.  The chin rest helps the violinist hold the violin in place on the shoulder by using just the head and not the hands.  The name chin rest is actually a misnomer because the JAW is the body part that goes in the chin rest not the CHIN.  WE should call it the JAW REST.  😉 Shoulder Rest:  A violin or viola shoulder rest is used to help support the violin or viola on the musicians shoulder.  The added support helps in holding the violin or viola without the hands.  Cellists do not need shoulder rests. There are many different shoulder rest options available.  Shop for Shoulder rests . Rock Stop: A Cello Rock Stop or Bass Rock Stop is a type of end pin anchor that goes on the floor to keep the end pin from slipping.  Violinists and Violists do not need Rock stops.  There are many different rock stop options available. Shop for Rock Stops. These String Music Terms are techniques that string players use: Vibrato: Vibrato is an expression that string players (like vocalists) can add to music.  The pitch is fluctuated rapidly but subtly.  Vibrato can be used to add warmth and character to all types of music. Accent: An accent in sheet music looks lik


What is the term for the background of a heraldic shield?

Heraldry Tweet Heraldry is the practice of devising, granting, displaying, describing, and recording coats of arms and heraldic badges. Officers of arms        (Kings of Arms, Heralds and Pursuviants) practice heraldry and also        rule on questions of rank or protocol. The        origins of heraldry stretch back into ancient times. Warriors often        decorated their shields with patterns and mythological motifs. Army        units of the Roman Empire were identified by the distinctive markings        on their shields (see left). These were not heraldic in the medieval        sense, as they were associated with military units, not individuals        or families. Truly heraldic devices seem to have been first used in Carolingian        times. Seals and banners confirm that they were being used in the        Flemish area of Europe during the reign of Charlemagne (768814        AD). The emergence of heraldry as we know it today was linked to the        need to distinguish participants quickly and easily in combat. Distinguishing        devices were used on surcoats ("coats of arms"), shields,        and caparisoned horses, and it would have been natural for knights        to use the same devices as those already used on their banners and        seals. A formal system of rules developed into ever more complex        forms of heraldry to ensure that each knight's arms were unique        (at least within the same jurisdiction). The system of blazoning arms that is used in English-speaking countries        today was developed by the officers of arms in the Middle Ages.        This includes a stylised description of the escutcheon (shield),        the crest, and, if present, supporters, mottoes, and other insignia.        The language is an anglicised version of Norman French and does        not always match modern heraldic French: for example the colour        green is called Vert in heraldic English, but sinople in heraldic French. Although heraldry is nearly 900 years old, it is still in use.        Many cities and towns in Europe and around the world make use of        arms. Personal heraldry, both legally protected and lawfully assumed,        has continued to be used around the world. Certain heraldic rules apply, the most important of which is the        Rule of Tincture. This prohibits certain colour combinations, as        described below. Understanding these rules is a key to the art of        heraldry. Rules and terminology differ from country to country.        Several national styles had developed by the end of the Middle Ages,        but some aspects carry over internationally.     Inescutcheon An inescutcheon is a smaller shield that is shown within or superimposed        over the main shield. This may be used for heraldic style, in pretence        (to bear another's arms over one's own), to bear one's own personal        arms over the territorial arms of one's domains, as an augmentation        of honour, or as a simple charge. Inescutcheons may also be used to bear another's arms in "pretence",        In English Heraldry the husband of a heraldic heiress - a woman        without any brothers - may place her father's arms in an escutcheon        of pretence in the centre of his own shield as a claim ("pretence")        to be the head of his wife's family. In the next generation the        arms would then be quartered. (Normally the arms of the wife would        be impaled with those of the husband a convention known as Baron        and Femme). In        similar fashion, one may bear one's own arms inescutcheon en surtout        over the territorial arms of his/her domains, such as in the arms        of the Danish Royal Family, the greater coat of


Who plays Martha Costello QC in the BBC’s legal drama Silk?

BBC - BBC TV blog: Silk: Maxine Peake on playing Martha Post categories: actress ,  bbc one ,  drama Fiona Wickham | 09:21 UK time, Tuesday, 15 May 2012 Series two of Silk opens on BBC One tonight, with Martha Costello now a QC. Actress Maxine Peake answered our questions about the return of the courtroom drama. How has Martha's character developed in series two ? I don't know whether Martha has developed much as a character as we seem to stay well away from her personal life in this series and focus on her cases much more. I think if anything she's becoming tougher but it hasn't been easy. Maxine Peake as Martha Costello QC You said "it would be extremely challenging for me to play Martha" when series one came out. What was most challenging about it? I think convincing myself I could credibly play a barrister . When you have an accent as specific as mine people do tend to pigeon-hole you. Especially as far as class and education are concerned. I think people associate being middle class with a lack of accent. That is not the case, especially up north, and that a university education would neutralise any accent. We really need to change our way of thinking! The amount of dialogue to learn too bordered sometimes on the impossible! How do you get into character? I have to create a detailed back story for each character I play. I find it really useful to use music, literature and art as keys to their personality. What they like to listen to, read. Art that stimulates them. I find a song or painting which I think represents them. A friend of mine, Lex Shrapnel, said to me after a Fleet Foxes concert that the beautiful thing about music is that you can tell a whole story in a few minutes and I think that goes for encapsulating a character's inner life. Peter [Moffat] very kindly would adapt his scripts to fit my back story too. Which was fantastic. Tell us a bit about Clive and Martha's relationship and how they test each other over the series. Martha and Clive are now the best of friends and as with the people you love the most, they challenge and taunt each other. I adore their relationship. As Rupert put it perfectly: they are like brother and sister who sometimes get a little confused! In order to see this content you need to have both Javascript enabled and Flash installed. Visit BBC Webwise for full instructions Martha annoys Clive by calling him a 'note taker' Did you do any further research for series two? I went back to the Old Bailey for a couple of days with Rupert this time and we sat in on a murder trial. I also met up with a female QC at a chambers in Manchester and she talked me through the highs and lows. With the cuts to legal aid it's very difficult at the moment and hopefully if Silk goes to a third series Peter might highlight that. How do you feel during this period between finishing shooting and the programme airing? I fortunately went straight into another job so didn't give it much thought. Although this year I felt we became much more of a team and did miss everyone a little. We had the fabulous Frances Barber , Indira Varma , Phil Davis and Shaun Evans on board so we all had to up our game. Can you enjoy watching your performance on screen or does it make you uncomfortable? I hate it! It sends me into the depths of despair! Which of the actors did you most enjoy working with? I love my scenes with Neil Stuke , he's such an open and energetic actor you just have to react to him. I bloody love Rupert, he's funny and terribly self-deprecating and I was over the moon when Shaun Evans joined us. He's such a great actor and I've always had a wee bit of a crush on him, but don't tell him that! What was your personal highlight? Getting to finally meet Frances Barber. What a woman! Maxine Peake plays Martha Costello QC in Silk . Silk returns tonight at 9pm on BBC One and BBC One HD . For further programme times, please see the episode guide . Comments made by writers on the BBC TV blog are their own opinions and not necessarily those of the BBC.


Which was the first capital city to host the Winter Olympics?

Beijing, China to be first city to host both Winter and Summer Olympics Olympic games Beijing, China to be first city to host both Winter and Summer Olympics Participants celebrate following the announcement that Beijing will host the 2022 Winter Olympics at a gathering outside of the Beijing Olympic Stadium, also known as the Birds Nest, in Beijing, Friday, July 31, 2015. Beijing was selected Friday to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, becoming the first city awarded both the winter and summer games. The sign reads "Warm celebration of the successful Winter Olympics bid". (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein) By STEPHEN WILSON, AP Sports Writer Posted: # Comments KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia — Throughout more than 120 years of Olympic history, no city has hosted both the winter and summer games. Now, Beijing will be the first do it — and in the span of just 14 years. The Chinese capital was awarded the 2022 Winter Olympics on Friday, beating Kazakh rival Almaty 44-40 in a surprisingly close vote marred by technical problems, taking the games back to the city that hosted the summer version in 2008. Beijing was seen by the International Olympic Committee as a secure, reliable choice that also offered vast commercial opportunities in a new winter sports market of more than 300 million people in northern China. “It really is a safe choice,” IOC President Thomas Bach said. “We know China will deliver on its promises.” The IOC’s secret vote was conducted by paper ballot, after the first electronic vote experienced technical faults with the voting tablets and was not counted. The result of the first vote was not disclosed. There was one abstention in the paper ballot. Bach bristled when asked at a news conference about the possibility of any voting irregularities. “This is an unfair question,” he said. “You are taking a lot of assumptions. ... Obviously there was a technical issue with the voting system, the devices. If the scrutineers decide to be on the very safe side to have a new vote, to have this vote on a ballot paper, then this speaks for itself for a very fair election in everybody’s interest.” Beijing came in to the vote as the strong favorite, despite its lack of natural snow. Almaty had hoped to bring the games to Central Asia for the first time, but was a lesser-known quantity and viewed as a riskier choice by IOC members. Kazakh Prime Minister Karim Massimov made a last-minute impassioned plea for the IOC to be “brave” and give the games to his country. “Almaty is not a risky choice for 2022,” Massimov told the IOC delegates. “In fact, we are quite the opposite. ... We are a golden opportunity to prove that smaller, advancing nations can successfully host the Winter Games.” The tight margin caught most IOC members by surprise. “Gee, you wouldn’t have picked that close result a few months ago,” IOC vice president John Coates of Australia said. “That address by the prime minister today was brilliantly crafted. I think that’s why it got close. But the size of China, the number of people that are going to be introduced to winter sport now, those were all factors.” Friday’s results means the Olympics will be held three times in a row in east Asia: the 2018 Winter Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea, the 2000 Olympics in Tokyo, and 2022 in Beijing. Advertisement “With the real globalization of the world, the growing importance of Asia, not only in sports but also in all areas of life, I think it is more or less normal that we have more Olympic Games taking place in Asia,” Bach said. The IOC decision was met with sharp criticism from human rights groups, who said the situation in China hasn’t improved since the 2008 Olympics. Sophie Richardson, China director at Human Rights Watch, called it a “a slap in the face to China’s besieged human rights activists.” “Over the next seven years, the IOC has enormous work to do in China to win the credibility on human rights that will ensure a successful Olympics,” she said. Beijing and Almaty had both been considered longshots when the 2022 bid race opened two years ago. But they were the only two ca


Which king founded Eton College in 1440?

briefhistory / HOME / About Eton /History A brief history of Eton College Eton was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as "Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore” to provide free education to 70 poor boys who would then go on to King's College, Cambridge, which he founded 1441. When Henry founded the school, he granted it a large number of endowments, but when he was deposed by Edward IV in 1461, the new king removed most of its assets and treasures to St George's Chapel, Windsor, on the other side of the River Thames.  Construction of the chapel, originally intended to be slightly over twice its current length was stopped hurriedly, but by this time the chapel in its current form and the lower storeys of the current cloisters, including College Hall, had been completed. With reduced funds, little further building took place until around 1517 when Provost Roger Lupton built the tower which now bears his name together with the range of buildings which now includes Election Hall and Election Chamber. The earliest records of school life date from the 16th century and paint a picture of a regimented and Spartan life. Scholars were awakened at 5 am, chanted prayers whilst they dressed, and were at work in Lower School by 6am. All teaching was in Latin and lessons were supervised by “praepostors”, senior boys appointed by the headmaster. There was a single hour of play, though even at that time football appears to have been popular, for a sentence set for Latin translation in 1519 was “We will play with a bag full of wynde”. Lessons finished at 8pm and there were only two holidays, each of three weeks duration at Christmas (when the scholars remained at Eton) and in the Summer. These holidays divided the school year into two “halves” a word which has survived despite the change to a three-term year in the 18th century. From the earliest days of the school, the education received by the scholars was shared by others who did not lodge in College, but who lived in the town with a landlady. By the early 18th century the number of such “Oppidans” (from the Latin “oppidum” meaning “town”) had grown to the extent that more formal arrangements were needed, and the first of the “Dame’s Houses”, Jourdelay’s, was built in 1722. By 1766 there were thirteen houses, and increasingly the responsibility for running them fell to masters as much as to the dame. The school continued to grow and flourished particularly under the long reign of George III (1760-1820). George spent much of his time at Windsor, frequently visiting the school and entertaining boys at Windsor Castle. The school in turn made George’s birthday, the Fourth of June, into a holiday. Though these celebrations now never fall on that day, Eton’s “Fourth of June”, marked by “speeches”, cricket, a procession of boats, and picnics on “Agar’s Plough” remains an important occasion in the school year. By the middle of the 19th century reform was long overdue; the Clarendon Commission of 1861 investigated conditions in the major boarding schools of the day and led to significant changes including improved accommodation, a wider curriculum and better-qualified staff. Numbers continued to grow, and by 1891 there were over 1000 boys in the school, a figure which grew pretty steadily until the 1970s, by which time the school had reached its present size of around 1300 boys. The new millennium saw the introduction of a more meritocratic entry system, with boys no longer being entered on house lists at birth – from 2002, all boys had to win their places through the current procedure of an interview, reasoning test and reference from their previous school. In the 21st century, emphasis continues to be on widening access, with boys joining us from more and more schools and growing numbers receiving substantial fee remissions.


Old Wykehamists are former pupils of which school?

Winchester College - Old Wykehamists Alumni Old Wykehamists Old Wykehamists The Old Wykehamists (boys, and in some cases staff who have now left the School), maintain their own web site as they have a full programme of events and lively interaction all of which is, for the most part, separate to the daily running of the School. Although part of the site is password-protected there is much information to be gleaned for those interested in seeing the structure of the organisation. We have recently been given details of two films featuring Winchester College made by Pathé. The Pathé newsreels are now available to view on-line via the following website, www.britishpathe.com The Pathé archive includes two short films of particular interest to Wykehamists and the wider Win Coll community. Please click here to view the first film, with a commentary, records the visit by HM the Queen to Win Coll in 1955. The second film, lasting about 6 minutes, is provisionally dated as from the 1940s and was sent to us for identification. Please click here to view. We think this is dated 1956 or 1957 and have already asked Pathé to amend their description accordingly. The film evidently aimed to show a ‘day in the life' at Win Coll Please click here to access the events programme. Please click here to access the Old Wykehamists Alumni site.


Which school has famous old boys – Jeremy Clarkson, Roald Dahl and Graeme Garden?

Repton School - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos Repton School NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE For the school of the same name in Dubai, see Repton School Dubai . Repton School ( Latin : "The gate is free from blame") Established Land for school acquired: 1559 Type Independent day and Boarding School Religion .uk Repton School is a co-educational independent school for day and boarding pupils in Repton , Derbyshire , England. The school has around 660 pupils aged between 13 and 18, of whom 451 are boarders.[ citation needed ] Repton School taught only boys for its first 400 years; Repton started accepting girls in the sixth form early in the 1970s, and within 20 years became completely coeducational.[ citation needed ] Contents History[ edit ] Foundation and early years[ edit ] The school was founded by in a bequest of Sir John Port of Etwall , who died in 1557 leaving funds to establish a grammar school at Etwall or Repton, provided the students prayed daily for his family's souls. [1] In 1559 Gilbert Thacker granted buildings at the site of Repton Priory for the school, but lawsuits quickly began between the School and the Thacker family focusing on use of the approach to their home. [2] Relations with the Thackers deteriorated such that, by 1650s, the school and the family were embroiled in litigation. In 1642, the school commenced an action against the Thacker family and in 1652 the family also brought an action against the school which was settled out of court. The atmosphere around the dispute was aggressive and on occasions the Thackers diverted drains into the school's buildings by constructing dams. In 1670 a wall was built to keep the parties apart. [2] Pupil numbers seem to have oscillated between 80 and 200 in the first hundred years, but as the school was free until 1768 it is unclear how teaching was afforded. The headmaster was free to keep, and did keep, cattle in a room within the school in this period. [2] A pupil's letter home in 1728 relates to his father that the headmaster, George Fletcher, would withhold meals from the boys if they were unable to recite scripture. [2] Decline and Renewal in the 18th and 19th Centuries[ edit ] The school declined in the 1700s and the 1800s. Pupil numbers were below 50 by 1833, and a former pupil recalled after leaving: "even more than the paucity of its numbers, was the almost total absence of all those facilities... cricket ground we had none. Football was played upon the gravel, between the Arch, and the broken pillars...No gymnasium, no fives court, no racquet court...No French, no German, no Music, no Natural Science... No chapel, no master's house beyond the Arch, no bridge (at first) across the Trent, no railway.... Why did even 50 boys resort to Sir John Port's old School?" [2] Although by 1830s some of the reforms of Dr. Thomas Arnold were being implemented at the school, [2] the school went into further decline in the following decades. Decline was finally arrested by headmaster Steuart Pears, who worked hard to raise the school's status and reputation. There was a significant struggling with Charity Commissioners and the Clarendon Commission to have the school accepted as one of the great public schools, [2] however the Commissioners excluded Repton from their 1864 report (which included only nine schools), and so the school was excluded from the Public Schools Act 1868 . [3] In 1884, a chapel was added to the school's buildings. [4] 20th Century[ edit ] Harold Abrahams CBE, the Olympic champion in the Paris Olympics of 1924 in the 100m sprint, depicted in the 1981 film Chariots of Fire , joined Repton School in 1914. Recalling his time at the school, Abrahams said he encountered anti-semitism often feeling bullied and alone. [5] In 1907 a gymnasium was added, this building is now listed at grade II. [6] 1,912 former pupils of the school served in the First World War, of these 355 died in service. [7] A war memorial was added to the school's site in 1921. [8] In the 1920s, the poet Vernon Watkins was sent to Repton; his quiet, gentle character