From which Olympic Games were Germany and Japan excluded?

The Olympics | EDSITEment The Olympics “Holding an Olympic Games means evoking history.” —Baron Pierre de Coubertin, father of the modern Olympics. As the world turns its eyes this July to London, England, the site of the 2012 Summer Olympics, it will be fun to take the longer view by examining the historical and philosophical significance of the Games in Ancient Greece. In doing so, we should ask: What was it like to compete in or attend the ancient Olympics? This EDSITEment feature transports us back to Classical civilization and the flourishing of small city-states in order to examine the values and cultural assumptions about human excellence and competition that dominated this distant but familiar culture. Poetry has always played a central role in the Olympic Games. Return to the present to see how, in 2012, the chosen host city for the Summer Olympics, London, is shining a special light on this connection. Also learn about London’s distinguished relationship with the Olympics. The Ancient Olympics The recurrence of the Olympic Games every four years reminds us that the kinds of events that a society honors tell us a great deal about the values and assumptions of that particular society. The Ancient Olympics Special Exhibit , available from EDSITEment-reviewed and NEH-supported Perseus Digital Library Project , allows students to compare ancient and modern Olympic sports, tour Olympia as it looks today, explore the context of the Games and the Olympic spirit , and read Olympic athletes' stories . We must be careful, however, to remember that the ancient Olympics were different than the modern Games in many ways. The athletes were part of a major religious festival honoring Zeus, the chief Greek god. There were fewer events, only free men who spoke Greek could compete, and ancient athletes competed as individuals, not on national teams, as in the modern Games. Like our Olympics, though, winning athletes were heroes who put their home towns on the map. In Live from Ancient Olympia! , students write and perform a TV news style “live interview” with ancient Olympic heroes. These interviews will clarify students’ understanding of the attitudes and ideals underpinning the significance of the Olympics in ancient Greek culture. Their ability to achieve legendary status through public competition was related to the Greek ideal of excellence, called arête. Aristocratic men who attained this ideal of arête, through their outstanding words or deeds, won permanent glory and fame. Those who failed to measure up to this code feared public shame and disgrace. As is still true, not all ancient Olympic athletes lived up to this code of excellence. Through the concept of aretê, the ancient Greeks created a competitive athletic culture in which winning was valued not for its own sake but for the moral virtues that contribute to victory. The Victor's Virtue: A Cultural History of Sport explores the twofold meaning of aretê focusing on the ways in which the concept bridges the gap between philosophy and sport. For further discussion of the question: Do the modern Olympics represent true continuity with an ancient tradition, or a mostly new phenomenon with an ancient name? See the EDSITEment feature: When the Games Were Held at Olympia. Poetry at the Olympics In addition to athletics, the busy schedule of the early Olympics included religious ceremonies, speeches by well-known philosophers, parades, even poetry recitals. In fact, poetry with its deep connection to religion and the gods was considered a major component to the ancient Games. When we think about the Olympics, we don’t often pause to consider the role that poetry played, and continues to play, in the Olympic ceremonies. In ancient times, Olympic poetry was performed for spectators; it offered audience members another lens through which to view the art of competition and new words through which to capture and describe arête. In modern times, a highly acclaimed poet is selected to write and recite a poem that captures the spirit of the Games before a large audience of spectator


What type of tree is the coolabah, found in Australia?

Eucalypts | australia.gov.au Australia.gov.au Helping you find government information and services Search form Eucalypts Scribbly gums, Blue Mountains National Park. Photo I Brown. Image Courtesy of the Department of the Environment Eucalypts, commonly known as gum trees, form an integral part of the Australian identity with the bush. From the children's song Kookaburra sits in the old gum tree through to the distinctive smell of eucalypts to iconic paintings and photographs, eucalypts are an essential part of Australian culture, featuring in art, music and literature. The sight and smell of eucalypts are a defining part of Australian life. The sight of the blue haze from the eucalyptus oil arising from the bush in the mountain ranges west of Sydney gave the Blue Mountains their name. The blue is not only the effect of distance but is also caused by the mountains' characteristic blue haze. Their eucalypt-dominated vegetation disperses fine drops of volatile oil into the atmosphere. The oil drops increase the risk of fire, perfume the air and scatter, with great visual effect, the blue light rays of the spectrum. Greater Blue Mountains area world heritage nomination ( PDF  5,610 KB) Eucalypts come in a great range of shapes and sizes – from tall trees to small shrubs. Eucalypts are a dominant part of the Australian flora. Eucalypts range across Australia – the only landscape they are completely absent from is the high alpine areas, though they are scarce in rainforests and in the arid interior of the continent, except where they find refuge along streams and in isolated ranges. One of the most commonly cultivated is the Tasmanian Blue Gum, Southern Blue Gum or Blue Gum, (Eucalyptus globulus). In 2006 it comprised 65 per cent of all plantation hardwood in Australia with approximately 4,500km planted. (Bureau of Rural Sciences, Australia's plantations 2006, pdf). E.globulus is the primary source for eucalyptus oil production around the world. Eucalypts are a vital resource of the Australian environment, from Aboriginal use through to modern production. Different species are used for specific medicinal purposes and food. Since early settlement, eucalypts have been a vital source of timber and firewood for Australians and they have been a key part of the hardwood timber industry. Managing eucalypt forests has been done for millenia and re-growth is part of the cycle after bush fires. Eucalypts serve as shelter for many species of native Australian animals and birds. A few varieties of gum leaves are the only food eaten by koalas. Soldiers returning by ship from the First and Second World Wars were said to be able to smell the aroma of the eucalypt before land was visible on the horizon. Efforts by Australians to describe the evocative durable nature of the eucalypt have been attempted by writers such as Banjo Paterson, the photographer Harold Cazneaux, painters Hans Heysen and Albert Namatjira, scientists Ken Eldridge, John Davidson and Chris Harwood, and modern novelists such as Murray Bail as well as the Australian arts and crafts movement. Description history Meredith, Louisa Anne, (1812-1895), Gum flowers and love, Colour litho, 1860. Image courtesy of the State Library of Tasmania. 'Eucalyptus' is a combination of Greek words meaning 'well covered', in reference to the cap protecting the bud. The name was first published in 1788, the year of English colonisation. It is likely Europeans first encountered eucalypts not in Australia, but in the early 16th century when the Portuguese colonised Timor, which has at least two indigenous species. However, the recorded history of Eucalypts begins in 1788, when French botanist Charles Louis L'Hritier de Brutelle described Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) from specimens collected in 1777. Plant collector David Nelson had collected the specimens at Adventure Bay, Bruny Island, Tasmania during Captain James Cook's third Pacific expedition with HMS Resolution and Discovery. (EUCLID: eucalypts of southern Australia, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, 2002). Several more s


"If someone is referred to as ""feline"", what animal are they being compared to?"

Do Cats Have Intelligence/How Intelligent Are Cats?   The Truth About Cats and Dogs Dogs have been trained to guard/protect, herd, hunt, search/rescue, assist (e.g. guide dogs for the blind) and perform circus tricks, obedience or agility classes. To many, this is a clear sign of their intelligence and the superiority of the canine intellect over feline intelligence. Cats have been trained to perform tricks as seen on films or TV advertisements, but do not have the same repertoire as dogs. This leads to the obvious conclusions that cats are neither intelligent enough nor co-operative enough to be trained. For example, in experiments where cats and dogs were expected to navigate mazes, most cats performed badly. Dogs soon learned to navigate the maze and reach the reward. Cats sat down and washed. They investigated blind alleys. They did not complete the maze in the allocated time and were therefore judged as "failing the test" or "lackadaisical". Eager-to-please dogs learned that they got a reward for learning the. Cats are not motivated in this way. Being opportunists, investigating every blind alley made sense to the cat - after all, who knows where prey might be hiding in the real world? Sitting down and washing is a displacement activity when a cat is uncertain. Most of the canine activities cited earlier rely upon manipulating canine social instincts. Dogs live, hunt and play in hierarchical social packs headed by an alpha male and alpha female. They frequently co-operate in raising/guarding the alpha pair's young and co-operate to hunt large prey. Juveniles beg submissively for food from adults. They are eager to please/appease pack-mates in order to remain part of their pack and they demonstrate submissiveness to higher ranking animals. Domestic dogs view humans as dominant pack members so they are eager to please us. In addition, dogs have been selectively bred over hundreds of years to enhance some traits and reduce or eliminate others. Cats, meanwhile, have a different social structure. Where food is plentiful they are largely solitary although females, usually related ones, may form social groups. Males tend to roam in search of females rather than remain as part of a group. Where food sources are localised (e.g. a rubbish dump) they form colonies but the social structure is more akin to that of lions - groups of females who may co-operatively raise young. Unlike lions, cats do not generally hunt prey larger than themselves and rarely hunt in pairs or groups. Cats are, therefore, independent rather than truly social and have little or no need to co-operate with other cats. Feline co-operation with humans is limited unless it serves the individual cat's interests to perform a task. Whereas dogs have been bred for utility, cats have been bred solely for appearance. Dogs are largely motivated by the pack-living instinct i.e. they will perform purely for praise and acceptance dished out by the dominant pack member (i.e. the owner or trainer). They will also perform because, in the wild, they risk being driven out of a pack or being demoted to pariah position. Cats are not motivated by social status factors. To train a cat you must find out what motivates it. Usually this means food, or at least conditioning it that there is the promise of food at the end of the session. Even then, cats are not motivated by food in the same way as dogs - if achieving the food reward is too much hard work, cats frequently cut their losses and go in search of easier "prey". In the wild, it makes no sense for a solo hunter to expend more energy on finding or killing prey than it gets from eating that prey. While dogs will track and pursue prey over long distances and wear down their quarry, cats hunt by waiting in ambush and pursuing prey for short distances only. Starving a cat does not make it easier to train either, cats are better than dogs at ignoring hunger pangs. For young cats, although food is a powerful reward, activities such as manipulation of simple objects such as a ball or scrunched up paper, or the chance to explore an


For a constant sound wave, what is the time interval between successive crests per second called?

Everything Maths and Science You are here: Home › Grade 12 Physical Science › Doppler effect › The Doppler effect with sound The Doppler effect with sound You, the person hearing the sounds, are called the observer or listener and the thing emitting the sound is called the source. As mentioned in the introduction, there are two situations which lead to the Doppler effect: When the source moves relative to a stationary observer. When the observer moves relative to a stationary source. In points 1 and 2 above there is relative motion between the source and the observer.     Both the source and the observer can be moving at the same time but we won't deal with that case in this chapter. Definition 1: Doppler effect The Doppler effect is the change in the observed frequency of a wave       when the source or the detector moves relative to the transmitting medium. The Doppler effect occurs when a source of waves and/or observer move relative to       each other, resulting in the observer measuring a different frequency of the waves       than the frequency that the source is emitting. The medium that the waves are travelling through,       the transmitting medium, is also stationary in the cases we will study. The question that probably comes to mind is: "How does the Doppler effect come about?".     We can understand what is happening by thinking through the situation in detail. Case 1: Moving source, stationary observer Let us consider a source of sound waves with a constant frequency and amplitude.     The sound waves can be represented as concentric circles where each circle represents     a crest or peak as the wavefronts radiate away from the source. This is because     the waves travel away from the source in all directions and the distance between     consecutive crests or consecutive troughs in a wave is constant (the wavelength     as we learnt in Grade 10). In this figure the crests are represented by by the     black lines and the troughs by the orange lines. Figure 1: Stationary sound source as more wavefronts are emmitted. The sound source is the police car in the middle and is stationary. For     the Doppler effect to take place (manifest), the source must be moving relative to the observer. Let's     consider the following situation: The source (represented by the black dot) emits one wave (the black circles     represent the crests of the sound wave) that moves away from the source at the     same rate in all directions. The distance between the crests represents     the wavelength (\(\lambda\)) of the sound. The closer together the crests, the higher     the frequency (or pitch) of the sound according to \(f=\frac{v}{\lambda}\),     where \(v\) (speed of sound) is constant. As this crest moves away, the source also moves and then emits more crests. Now the two circles are not concentric any more, but on the one side they are closer together and on the other side they are further apart. This is shown in the next diagram. If the source continues moving at the same speed in the same direction, then the distance between crests on the right of the source is constant. The distance between crests on the left is also constant. The distance between successive crests on the left is constant but larger than the distance between successive crests on the right. When a car approaches you, the sound waves that reach you have a shorter wavelength and a     higher frequency. You hear a sound with a higher pitch. When the car moves away from you, the sound waves that     reach you have a longer wavelength and lower frequency. You hear a sound with a lower pitch. Figure 2: Moving sound source as more wavefronts are emmitted. Case 2: Moving observer, stationary source Just as we did before, let us consider a source (a police car) of sound waves with a constant     frequency and amplitude.     There are two observers, one on the left     that will move away from the source and one on the right that will m


"The show ""Holby City"" was a spin off from which UK TV series?"

Watch Holby City Episodes Online | SideReel Tuesdays, 3:00 PM ET on BBC One 60 minutes A spin-off from the established BBC medical drama Casualty set in the same hospital, in the fictional city of Holby. The show follows the lives of medical and ancillary staff at the fictional Holby City Hospital. It began with eleven main characters in its first series, all of whom have since left the show. New main characters have been both written in and out of the series since, with a core of fifteen main actors employed on the serial at any given time.


Which Jewish sect whose revolt against Roman Emperor Justinian in 529AD was put down so severely that tens of thousands died or were enslaved?

Talk Reason: arguments against creationism, intelligent design, and religious apologetics Do We Need God to Explain Jewish Survival? By Ephraim Rubin Posted July 19, 2002 Survival of the Jews as a distinct people for most of mankind's written history is a remarkable phenomenon which cannot fail to draw attention of an inquiring person, Gentile or, especially, Jew. For Jewish outreach spokesmen, laboring to persuade Jewish skeptics to join the fold of the faithful ï¿½ usually by way of Orthodox Judaism ï¿½ the fact of Jewish survival is one of the most cherished arguments. Jewish survival, they claim, cannot be explained without assuming that there is God and that He cares specifically for His chosen people. As a popular outreach book puts it, We feebly struggle to explain Jewish survival in secular terms: Maybe it is because they were poor? Maybe it is because they were rich? Maybe it is because they were pacifists? Maybe it is because they fought back? Maybe it is because they were concentrated? Maybe it is because they were scattered? But we know that other peoples shared these characteristics and are gone. The question stands: Why did only the Jews survive? The theological solution is attractive. [1] It is worth noting that the Jews are not the only people who succeeded at surviving for more than two millennia. The Basques were already known as a distinct tribe to the ancient Roman authors, their language is the only remnant of the languages spoken in southwestern Europe before the region's Romanization, and their ethnic cohesiveness withstood the imperial policies of Rome, the invasions of German tribes which marked the dusk of the anqituity, the turmoil of the Middle Ages, and the political and cultural pressure of modern nation-states in both France and Spain. [2] The Armenians were already known as a distinct people to Herodotus and the ancient Persians, and their language seems to have existed as a distinct one since about 1000 BCE. [3] Not unlike the Jews, they also experienced a large dispersion and were subject to persecutions, culminating in the Armenian massacres of 1915. China, with "more than 4000 years of recorded history... is unique among nations in its longevity and resilience as a discrete politico-cultural unit." [4] But still, the survival of the Jews as a distinct ethnic group for most of mankind's written history is a most remarkable phenomenon which clearly merits investigation on its own. For those, however, who contemplate a "theological solution" for the question of Jewish survival ï¿½ or for any other question ï¿½ it would be useful to consult the words of Moses Maimonides, one of the most revered thinkers and religious authorities of Judaism. Addressing the perennial question of man's free will versus divine foreknowledge, Maimonides wrote: Know that the answer to this question is lengthier than the earth and wider than the sea, and many principles, colossal like high mountains, depend on it. And you should know and understand the things that I say...God's knowledge does not exist separately from Him, as it is with humans who are entities different from their knowledge [5] ï¿½ but His essence, glorified be He, is inseparable from His knowledge. Human intellect cannot comprehend this; but as humans are incapable of comprehending and figuring out God's true essence ï¿½ as it is written, "One cannot see Me and stay alive" [6] ï¿½ so are they incapable of comprehending and figuring out God's knowledge, as the prophet has said: "For My thoughts are not your thoughts, and My ways are not your ways." [7] Therefore, we cannot comprehend how God knows of every being and deed, but we know without any doubt that that a person may freely choose his deeds, and God neither urges him to do anything nor determines that thus he will do. [8] Whatever can be said of free will, if we humans are principally incapable of comprehending God's true essence, then the "theological solution" to any question ï¿½ Jewish survival included ï¿½ boils down to explaining the unclear by the incomprehensible. [9] This alone mus


"A fuss about nothing is called ""a storm in a ..."" what?"

TTIP-off? Greenpeace leaks confirm protesters weren't kicking up a fuss over nothing — RT Op-Edge — Danielle Ryan (@DanielleRyanJ) May 2, 2016 But the texts released by Greenpeace expose not only new demands, but efforts to fundamentally change the face of Europe’s basic safety standards, including “ details of specific threats ” like the “plan to end Europe’s ban on genetically modified foods.” It’s a race to the bottom on public health and safety,  according to the director of Greenpeace EU. In another particularly interesting revelation, the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung  reported that Washington was threatening to block the easing of European car exports into the US in an effort to force the EU to buy more environmentally risky US farm produce. And, if you were among those concerned about the effects of TTIP on previously agreed efforts to combat climate change, the Greenpeace leaks will have done nothing to mitigate your worries — as none of the 248 pages of leaks made any reference to the supposed global effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions, despite repeated assurances from the European Commission that this would be a top priority. No deal? The reasons for the secrecy surrounding these negotiations are now crystal clear. It’s not hard to decipher why the European Commission had placed a 30-year ban on public access to the key negotiating texts. If Europeans had known exactly what was being bartered over, there would have been even worse uproar. Now they do. It is a black mark on Western “transparency” and democracy that it was left to Greenpeace to provide the first real insight into how this trade agreement is being negotiated. 'The words “climate change” were not mentioned once in the 248 pages.' Unlikely to appear after 3 yrs of talks https://t.co/EmDL9R28Kc #TTIP — TTIP of the Iceberg (@TTIPBeware) May 3, 2016 But what the leaks also reveal is that a deal is still nowhere near being done. The documents don’t represent a completed text, as Europe’s commissioner for trade Cecilia Malmstrom wrote in a  blog post on Monday. They represent the negotiating positions of both sides. Malmstrom argues that this makes the “alarmist headlines” nothing more than “a storm in a teacup.” On that she is wrong. Huge divisions and sticking points may remain, but the fact that Europe could even consider “negotiating” around safety standards to benefit American companies is beyond comprehension and certainly newsworthy. Malmstrom vehemently denied that any trade deal would ever lower Europe’s level of consumer protections — and it was a pretty steadfast denial on the face of it. Maybe her next blog post will see her admitting either that this was a lie, or that the deal is headed nowhere but the trash bin, because given what we know of the US’s negotiating tactics, it will be one or the other. You don’t negotiate with the exceptional nation and expect to come out with much to your name. EU leaders had already been waning in their enthusiasm for a deal in recent weeks — a promising sign that perhaps there are still some things which Europe will refuse to be pushed around on. French Prime Minister Manuel Valls had previously warned that if TTIP did not preserve France’s quality of life, the chances of an agreement would fall. Germany’s economy minister has publicly called Washington out for refusing to make concessions. Looking at the fallout from these leaks, it wouldn’t be surprising if that theme continued. Greenpeace: #TTIPleaks reveal US's "deliberate attempts to change the EU democratic legislative process" https://t.co/vIWrYuVmDy


"Which Beatle wrote the music for the film ""The Family Way"", starring Hayley Mills and Hywell Bennett, released in 1967?"

Paul McCartney: The Family Way (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | The Beatles Bible The Family Way (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) The Family Way (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Recorded: October 1966 The George Martin Orchestra: violins, violas, double bass The Tudor Minstrels: guitars, bass, organ, violins, violas, cellos, trumpets, trombones, flutes, oboes, drums The first solo Beatles release, The Family Way was the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name. The Family Way was a British comedy drama starring John Mills and his daughter Hayley Mills. It was based on the 1963 play All In Good Time by Bill Naughton, and was directed by identical twins John and Roy Boulting. Its soundtrack was composed by Paul McCartney , and was produced, arranged and conducted by The Beatles' producer George Martin . It was notable for being the first time that the Lennon-McCartney credit wasn't used for a McCartney composition. The directors, the Boulting Brothers, actually approached me - one of them, Roy - and he was interested in some of the music we've been writing. He said, 'Would you be interested in actually writing something for film?' I said, 'Wow, great honour.' And they're very good directors, quite famous English directors, so I knew they'd be good and the film would be good, and a very good cast with John Mills and Hayley Mills and Hywell Bennett. So I said, 'Yeah, okay!' Paul McCartney It was reported in the British music press in the latter part of 1966 that John Lennon and Paul McCartney would collaborate on the score, following Lennon's return from filming How I Won The War in Spain. When he returns from filming in Spain next month, John Lennon will help is songwriting partner Paul McCartney to score the new Hayley Mills film, All In Good Time ... The picture's alternative working title of Wedlocked has now been dropped, the producers having settled on All In Good Time. Paul is believed to be already working on the music. New Musical Express October 1966 Lennon, however, never worked on the soundtrack. McCartney, too, initially had little interest in the job, but was persuaded by George Martin to compose for it. McCartney wrote 15 seconds of music for the film's main theme. He played the piece to Martin, who arranged it for various instruments. Two weeks later, following Martin's cruise to New York and McCartney's holiday in France, Spain and Africa, the pair regrouped to work on the film's love theme, known as Love In The Open Air. I went to America for a time and, on returning, realised we needed a love theme for the centre of the picture, something wistful. I told Paul and he said he'd compose something. I waited, but nothing materialised, and finally I had to go round to Paul's house and literally stand there until he'd composed something. John was visiting and advised a bit, but Paul created the tune and played it to me on guitar. I listened and wrote it down. It is a fragile, yet compelling, melody. I arranged it for woodwinds and strings, and we called it Love In The Open Air. It's quite haunting. George Martin New Musical Express, December 1966 Martin took the melody and scored it for woodwind and strings. Five recording sessions took place over three days and nights at CTS Studios in London, where earlier in the year The Beatles had taped overdubs for the Shea Stadium recordings. The music for The Family Way was completed just two weeks prior to the film's premiere on 18 December 1966. The pieces were arranged by McCartney and Martin in styles including a brass band rendition and a Duane Eddy-style guitar version, which were used in various scenes throughout the film. If you are blessed with the ability to write music, you can turn your hand to various forms. I've always admired people for whom it's a craft - the great songwriting partners of the past, such as Rodgers and Hammerstein, or Cole Porter. I've admired the fact that they can write a musical and they can do a film score. So film scores were an interesting diversion for me, and with George Martin being able to write and orchestrate -


What was the composer Wolfgang Mozart's middle name?

BBC - Primary History - Famous People - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart   Who was Mozart How do you say his name? Most people say Moht-zart. His first name was Wolfgang, a German name. It means 'wolf path'. His middle name was Amadeus (Am-uh-day-us), which means 'God's love' in Latin. Mozart was born in Austria, where most people speak German. Why is Mozart famous? Mozart wrote music. He was a composer , and one of the greatest musicians of all time. He was famous as a child because he could play and write music from the age of 4. He grew up to write some of the most beautiful music ever heard. When did he live? Mozart was born in 1756. He lived before there were cars, trains or planes. When Mozart travelled around Europe, he went in a coach and horses or by boat. Mozart died in 1791, not long after the French Revolution had begun. A wonderful child The Mozart family Mozart was born on 27 January 1756 in the town of Salzburg, in Austria. Mozart's father Leopold was a musician. He played the violin. Mozart's mother was Anna Maria Pertl. Leopold Mozart earned his living as a music teacher. He also played for the archbishop of Salzburg. The wonder-child Leopold soon knew he had a brilliant son. Wolfgang could play the harpsichord at the age of 3. By the time he was 5, he was writing tunes. He seemed to have music in his head. He could pick up a violin and play it, without being shown how. Brother and sister Mozart's sister Maria Anna was good at music too. He called her Nanerl. Brother and sister made up their own secret language. They told stories about a magic kingdom where they were king and queen. Leopold took his two children to Vienna. They played for the Emperor of Austria at his palace . Everyone was amazed. The Emperor called Mozart a 'little magician'. Mozart goes on tour In 1763 Leopold took the children on a tour of Europe. They went to France, then by ship to England. They stayed in London for a year. The children played for King George III. In London, Mozart met Johann Christian Bach (pronounced 'bark'). Bach was a German musician, a son of the famous composer Johann Sebastian Bach. Mozart learned from Bach, as he did from all the musicians he met. Mozart at work More travels Mozart did a lot of travelling. His father took him to Italy, and there he saw opera for the first time. At the age of 12, he wrote his first opera. Mozart astonished everyone. He could sit in a church, listen to the music and singing, go home, and then write down all the notes - from memory. What was music like then? When Mozart lived, there were no music downloads. No records of any kind, just notes written on paper. People heard music only when it was 'live'. People sang while they worked. They danced at balls and parties. They made music at home. Musicians played in orchestras. In Christian churches, choirs sang as part of the services. Musical instruments Musicians played keyboard instruments (such as piano), strings (violin), wind (oboe) and brass (trumpet). These instruments were not quite the same as the ones today. Mozart played a piano for the first time in 1777. Pianos were replacing old keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord . Looking for a job Mozart gave piano lessons, but was always poor. In 1777 his mother went with him to Germany. He hoped to get a job as a court musician. Rich princes had their own orchestras. In Germany, he fell in love with a singer, Aloysia Weber. Then it was off to France. There Mozart's mother became ill. She died in the summer of 1778. Mozart went back to Austria. Mozart the composer Mozart gets married Back in Salzburg, the old archbishop had died. The new archbishop gave Mozart a job, but Mozart did not like the archbishop. He felt like a servant. He soon left. He went back to Germany. Aloysia Weber had decided to marry someone else. In 1782, Mozart married Aloysia's sister Constanze. She was a singer too. In 1784, Mozart joined the Freemasons . Home life Mozart and Constanze were happy, but poor. One winter's day, a visitor saw them dancing around the room - to keep warm!


What was the first propeller driven ship and the first iron ship to cross the Atlantic?

steamship: Oceangoing Steamships steamship Oceangoing Steamships The first ocean crossing by a steam-propelled vessel was in 1819, when the Savannah voyaged from Savannah, Ga., to Liverpool in 29 days, 11 hr. It was a full-rigged sailing ship fitted with engines and side paddlewheels; during the crossing the engines were in use for about 85 hr. The first crossing under steam power alone was made in 1838, when two British steamship companies sent rival ships to New York within a few days of each other; the Great Western made the trip in 15 days, arriving a few hours after the Sirius, which had left England 4 days before her. The first seagoing vessel to be fitted with a screw propeller was the Archimedes (1840); the Great Britain (1845) was the first large iron steamship driven by a screw propeller to cross the Atlantic. By the late 1850s the screw propeller was conceded to be superior to paddlewheels, and the steamship began to supplant the sailing ship. In 1881 the Servia, a merchant steamer capable of crossing the Atlantic in 7 days, was the first vessel to be constructed of steel. Seven years later the Philadelphia, the first twin-screw steamship, was built at Glasgow. Sections in this article:


Duesenberg | Autopedia | Fandom powered by Wikia Search By Model Defunct Duesenberg was a United States-based luxury automobile company active in various forms from 1913 to 1937. In 1913 the Duesenberg Brothers, Fred and August , founded Duesenberg Automobile & Motors Company, Inc. in Des Moines, Iowa, at 8th and Grand Ave, to build sports cars . Born in 1876 and 1879 in Germany, the two brothers were self-taught engineers and built many experimental cars. Duesenberg cars were considered some of the very best cars built at the time, and were built entirely by hand. In 1914 Eddie Rickenbacker drove a "Duesy" to finish in 10th place at the Indianapolis 500 and a Duesenberg car won the race in 1924, 1925, and 1927. 1923 saw the only use of the Duesenberg as the pace car at the Indianapolis 500. In 1921, Jimmy Murphy became the first American to win the French Grand Prix when he piloted a Duesenberg to victory at the Le Mans racetrack. Duesenberg Automobiles and Motors Company moved from New Jersey to a new headquarters and factory in Indianapolis in July of 1921 to begin production of passenger vehicles. Although the Duesenberg brothers were world-class engineers, they were unable to sell their Model A car, their first "mass-produced" vehicle (just 667 were ever made), which was considered very advanced, offering such features as dual overhead cams, four-valve cylinder heads and the first hydraulic brakes ever offered on a passenger car. The company fell into receivership in 1922, finally being acquired from creditors by a Fred Duesenberg led investor group in 1925 forming the Duesenberg Motors Company. Errett Lobban Cord , the owner of Cord Automobile , Auburn Automobile and many other transportation companies, bought the company for the Duesenberg Brothers' engineering skills in 1926 and the brand name to produce luxury cars. Hiring Fred Duesenberg to design the chassis and an engine that would be the best in the world, the newly revived Duesenberg company set about to produce the Model J. The Model J Duesenberg was first available at the New York Car Show of 1928. In unsupercharged form it boasted a whopping 265 horsepower (198 kW), straight-8 engine with dual overhead camshafts , and was capable of a top speed of 119 mph (192 km/h), and 94 mph (151 km/h) in 2nd gear. The SJ was reputed to do 104 mph in second and a top speed 135-140 mph in third; 0-60 times of around eight seconds and 0-100 times of 17 seconds were reported for the SJ, all at a time when even the best cars of the era were not inclined to exceed 100 mph and in spite of the unsynchronized transmissions. Duesenbergs generally weighed around two and a half tons and up to three tons was not unusual, considering the wide array of custom coachwork available. Only the chassis and engine were displayed at the 1928 New York Car Show, since the interior and body of the car would be custom-made by an experienced coachbuilder to the owner's specifications. The bodywork made for Duesenbergs came from coachbuilders in both North America and Europe, and the finished cars comprised some of the largest, grandest, most beautiful and elegant cars ever created. The chassis cost $8,500 ($9500 after 1932), the completed base model cost $13,500, and you could have top of the line model for for $25,000 (an extreme amount of money for the time, when the average US physician was reported to earn less than $3000 per annum). In 2005, $25,000.00 from 1932 is worth: [1] $358,282.21 using the Consumer Price Index. $309,046.05 using the GDP deflator. $1,107,042.25 using the unskilled wage. $2,237,326.96 using the nominal GDP per capita. $5,304,855.20 using the relative share of GDP. Introduced in 1932 was the supercharged Model J with 320 HP (often referred to as 'SJ'), which had a top speed of 135-140 mph. Special bodied models, such as the later-named " Mormon Meteor " chassis achieved an average speed of over 135 mph and a one hour sprint of over 152 mph at Bonneville. The SJ's supercharger was located beside the engine; however, to make room for it, the exhaust pipes were creas


Who broke the world record for the pole vault at the Beijing Olympics?

Olympics-Athletics-Isinbayeva breaks women's pole vault record | Reuters Mon Aug 18, 2008 | 10:23 AM EDT Olympics-Athletics-Isinbayeva breaks women's pole vault record BEIJING Aug 18 Yelena Isinbayeva of Russia broke her own women's pole vault world record at the Beijing Olympics on Monday. Isinbayeva cleared 5.05 metres, beating the previous mark of 5.04 metres she had set last month, after taking gold in the event. (Editing by Alex Richardson) ADVERTISEMENT SPONSORED STORIES SPONSORED CONTENT Subscribe: Newsletters | Apps Reuters is the news and media division of Thomson Reuters . Thomson Reuters is the world's largest international multimedia news agency, providing investing news, world news, business news, technology news, headline news, small business news, news alerts, personal finance, stock market, and mutual funds information available on Reuters.com, video, mobile, and interactive television platforms. *All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays.


What 2002 novel was made into a film starring Dakota Fanning and Queen Latifah 6 years later?

The Secret Life of Bees - Sue Monk Kidd - Google Books The Secret Life of Bees 136 Reviews https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Secret_Life_of_Bees.html?id=FiIXot_e10sC The multimillion-copy–bestselling first novel by the author of The Invention of Wings, coming from Viking in January 2014 The Secret Life of Bees was a New York Times bestseller for more than two and a half years, a Good Morning America “Read This” Book Club pick and was made into an award-winning film starring Dakota Fanning, Queen Latifah, Jennifer Hudson, and Alicia Keys. A coming of age tale set in South Carolina in 1964, The Secret Life of Bees will appeal to fans of�Kathryn Stockett’s The Help�and Beth Hoffman’s Saving CeeCee Honeycutt, and tells the story of Lily Owens, whose life has been shaped around the blurred memory of the afternoon her mother was killed. When Lily’s fierce-hearted black “stand-in mother,” Rosaleen, insults three of the town’s most vicious racists, Lily decides they should both escape to Tiburon, South Carolina—a town that holds the secret to her mother’s past. There they are taken in by an eccentric trio of black beekeeping sisters who introduce Lily to a mesmerizing world of bees, honey, and the Black Madonna who presides over their household. This is a remarkable story about divine female power and the transforming power of love—a story that women will continue to share and pass on to their daughters for years to come.


How many players from each team usually make up a rugby league scrum?

Rugby League positions | National Rugby League (NRL) Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Share A rugby league football team consists of thirteen players on the field, with four substitutes on the bench. Players are divided into two general categories: "forwards" and "backs". Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength. They are expected to run with the ball and attack, and to make many tackles. Forwards are often required to do a lot of hard work such as making openings for the backs and gaining metres in field position. Backs are usually smaller and faster, though a big player who can run can be of advantage in the backs. Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills, rather than just strength, to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards. Contents Want more info on Rugby League positions?! Backs Generally, the backline consists of smaller and faster players. The term "outside backs" is sometimes used to refer to the centres and wings (positioned towards the outer edges of the field), while "the halves" refers to the halfback and five-eighth. Fullback Edit Numbered 1, This position calls for all-round ball-playing ability and speed. The fullback is the last line of defence, standing behind the main line of defenders. Defensively, fullbacks must be able to chase and tackle any player who breaks the first line of defence, and must be able to catch kicks made by the attacking side. Their role in attack is usually as a support player but also come into the line to create an extra man in attack. KELEMETE SUUUUUUUGGGGGGGAAAAADAAAAAABALLLLLLLLLSSSSSSSSS The three-quarters The threequarters, also known as outside backs, consist of the wings and centres. They are positioned closer to the edges of the field. Wing Edit Also known as wingers. There are four wings in a rugby league team, numbered 100 and 1, positioned around the fullback. They generally are among the strongest players in a team, with the muscle to defend the fullback. The wingers have to be able to kill someone if they have to. Edit There are two centres, right and left, numbered 3 and 4 respectively. They are usually positioned outside the halves and inside the wings.They are usually medium sized. Or, as is now common place are large, fast with good footwork and an offload to pass to their wingers. The halves Edit There are two half backs (frequently referred to as 'the halves') - the stand-off half back (or five-eighth) numbered 6 and the scrum half back, numbered 7. Positioned more centrally in attack, near the forwards, they direct the ball in attack and are usually two of their team's main decision-makers. Stand-off Edit Numbered 6, the stand-off half or five-eighth is usually responsible for directing the ball to the rest of the team in attack (hence the nickname 'pivot') and is often a strong kicker. A good stand-off should be a quick thinker and be able to direct his team around the park. Scrum half Edit Numbered 7, the scrum half back or half back is usually involved in directing his team's play and is likely to be a very good passer. The position is sometimes referred to as "first receiver" as halfbacks are often positioned so as to be the first to receive the football from the dummy-half after a play-the-ball. This makes them important decision-makers in attack. [1] Scrum halves are often short and fast over a short distance and should also be very capable handlers of the ball. Forwards Edit A rugby league forward pack consists of players who tend to be bigger and stronger than backs, and generally rely more on their strength to fulfil their roles than play-making skills. The forwards also form and contest scrums , while the backs stay out of them. The front row The front row of the scrum includes the hooker with the two props on either side. All three may be referred to as front-rowers, but this term is most commonly just used for prop forwards. Hooker Edit The hooker, numbered 9, packs in the middle of the scrum's front row. Usually it is the hooker's responsibility to operate at the dummy half (see below) position, s


Which structure of cantilever design, designed by Sir W. M. Arrol, was begun in 1883 and opened in 1890?

Forth Bridge - Wikishire Forth Bridge Jump to: navigation , search The Forth Bridge seen from South Queensferry The Forth Bridge is a cantilever railway bridge over the Firth of Forth between West Lothian and Fife . It was opened on 4 March 1890 and spans a total length of 8,296 ft. It is sometimes referred to as the Forth Rail Bridge to distinguish it from the Forth Road Bridge , though this has never been its official name. The bridge leaves West Lothian at South Queensferry and arrives in Fife at North Queensferry . Its construction began in 1882. It was opened by the Prince of Wales in 1890. [1] Until 1917, when the Quebec Bridge was completed, the Forth Bridge had the longest single cantilever bridge span in the world, and it still has the world's second-longest single span. The bridge and its associated railway infrastructure is owned by Network Rail Infrastructure Limited. It is considered an iconic structure and a symbol of Scotland. Contents View of the structure Earlier proposals Prior to the construction of the bridge, ferry boats were used to cross the Firth. [2] In 1806, a pair of tunnels, one for each direction, was proposed, and in 1818 James Anderson produced a design for a three-span suspension bridge close to the site of the present one. [3] Calling for approximately 2,500.0 s (0.0 s) of iron, Wilhelm Westhofen said of it "and this quantity [of iron] distributed over the length would have given it a very light and slender appearance, so light indeed that on a dull day it would hardly have been visible, and after a heavy gale probably no longer to be seen on a clear day either." [4] Thomas Bouch designed for the Edinburgh and Northern Railway a roll-on/roll-off railway ferry between Granton and Burntisland that opened in 1850, which proved so successful that another was ordered for the Tay. [5] In autumn 1863, a joint project between the North British Railway and Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, which would merge in 1865, appointed Stephenson and Toner to design a bridge for the Forth, but the commission was given to Bouch around six months later. [6] It had proven difficult to engineer a suspension bridge that was able to carry railway traffic, and Thomas Bouch, engineer to the North British Railway (NBR) and Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, was in 1863-1864 working on a single-track girder bridge crossing the Forth near Charlestown , where the river is around two miles wide, but mostly relatively shallow. [6] [7] The promoters, however, were concerned about the ability to set foundations in the silty river bottom, as borings had gone as deep as 231 ft into the mud without finding any rock, but Bouch conducted experiments to demonstrate that it was possible for the silt to support considerable weight. [8] Experiments in late 1864 with weighted caissons achieved a pressure of 5 tons/ft2 on the silt, encouraging Bouch to continue with the design. [8] In August 1865, Richard Hodgson, chairman of the NBR, proposed that the Company invest £18,000 to try a different kind of foundation, as the weighted caissons had not been successful. [9] Bouch proposed using a large pine platform underneath the piers, 80x60x7 ft (the original design called for a 114x80x9 ft platform of green beech) weighed down with 10,000 tons of pig iron which would sink the wooden platform to the level of the silt. [8] The platform was launched on 14 June 1866 after some difficulty in getting it to move down the greased planks it rested on, and then moored in the harbour for six weeks pending completion. [8] [10] The bridge project was aborted just before the platform was sunk as the NBR expected to lose "through traffic" following the amalgamation of the Caledonian Railway and the Scottish North Eastern Railway. [8] In September 1866, a Committee of Shareholders investigating rumours of financial difficulties found that accounts had been falsified, and the chairman and the entire board had resigned by November. [11] By mid-1867 the NBR was nearly bankrupt, and all work on the Forth and Tay bridges was stopped. [12] Bouch's proposed bridge (t


What name was given to the political scandal in the USA 1970s that led to the resignation of Richard Nixon, President of the United States, on August 9, 1974 and the indictment and conviction of several of his officials?

10 Biggest US Presidential Scandals - Wonderslist WondersList by Ejaz Khan Scandals have plagued the American presidency almost since the founding of the country. There have been major and minor scandals during the administration of many if not most of the presidents. Here is a list of Top 10 Biggest US Presidential Scandals. that rocked the presidency. also are still live among people as an unforgettable retention. Enjoy! The 10 Biggest US Presidential Scandals 10. Ma, Ma, Where’s My Pa? Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland is best known as the only president in history to be elected for two non-sequential terms. During his first electoral campaign in 1884 information was released that he previously had an affair with a widow named Maria C. Halpin who had given birth to a son. She claimed that Cleveland was the father and named him Oscar Folsom Cleveland. Cleveland agreed to pay child support and then paid to put the child in an orphanage when she was no longer fit to raise him. Unusual for a candidate mired in such a scandal Cleveland admitted guilt in the matter. Chants of “Ma, ma, where’s my pa? Off to the White House, ha ha ha!” became popular throughout the country, but it did not stop Cleveland from getting elected. He was honest about the entire affair. This helped rather than hurt him, and elected again in 1892. 9. Petticoat Affair Jackson Shaffer Family (image courtesy rootsweb.ancestry.com) The Petticoat affair was an 1830–1831 U.S. scandal involving members of President Andrew Jackson’s Cabinet and their wives. This is often forgotten but at the time major scandal under the presidency of Andrew Jackson, one of the most famous presidents in United States history. Although it started over a private matter, it affected the political careers of several men and resulted in the informal “Kitchen Cabinet”. It began with the marriage of Jackson’s secretary of war, John Henry Eaton, to recently widowed Margaret Timberlake, whose husband had committed suicide. The marriage proved a great scandal in American high society, with rumors that Eaton had been having an affair with Timberlake which led to her first husband’s suicide. Most of Jackson’s cabinet turned against Eaton but Jackson supported him, and the controversy led to such a conflict that almost Jackson’s entire cabinet resigned over the issue. The 1936 film The Gorgeous Hussy is based on the affair. 8. Marilyn Monroe and the J.F. Kennedy Marilyn Monroe and the J.F. Kennedy Marilyn Monroe was perhaps the most start crossed lover in history. On one hand was her dazzling success in tinsel town and on the other, her volatile and highly secret relationships with the much-married President of the US and his brother. Monroe’s name was linked to both John F Kennedy and Robert F Kennedy.Although many in the political circles knew of the affairs, they were carefully hushed up so that the public had no clear facts to chew on. Monroe however was becoming a public embarrassment and had even threatened to go public about the President’s infidelities. But her plans were short-lived as she was found dead in her home under mysterious circumstances. Although official reports say she committed suicide, there have always been rumors that the Kennedys had her ‘removed’ to protect their political image. The truth still remains elusive.All of these scandals created a lot of furor and brought bad publicity to the politician(s) and the political party involved. But none had such a far reaching impact as the Watergate scandal which caused, for the first time, a reigning President to resign fearing impeachment. [ pfhub ] 7. Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemmings Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemmings Thomas Jefferson’s alleged relationship with Sally Hemmings was the first presidential s.x scandal in the United States and prompted a discussion that continues to this day. In 1802 Jefferson was charged with having an affair with his slave, Sally Hemmings, and in fact fathering a child. Jefferson denied the charges and remained as president for another 7 years, however the debate about the truth of


In April 2009, who was found guilty of the murder of Lana Clarkson?

PHIL SPECTOR FACES THE MUSIC | New York Post PHIL SPECTOR FACES THE MUSIC Comment(required) April 13, 2009 | 9:30pm Phil Spector was found guilty today of second degree murder in the death of actress Lana Clarkson, more than six years after cops found the actress fatally shot in the music man’s foyer. Judge Larry Paul Fidler ordered Spector to be put into custody immediately. The music industry legend is expected to be sentenced on May 29th. Spector — the 69-year-old Rock and Roll Hall of Fame artist who rose to prominence with his unique “Wall of Sound” production technique — faces 25 years to life behind bars for Clarkson’s slaying. The Los Angeles jury of seven men and five women had been deliberating since March 26. Cops in Alhambra, Calif., found the blonde beauty slumped over in a chair inside Spector’s castle-like mansion in the early morning hours of Feb. 3, 2003. Clarkson, best known for her “Barbarian Queen” movies, died from a single bullet fired into her mouth. The struggling actress had just taken a hostess job at the House of Blues nightclub and met Spector hours earlier inside the Sunset Strip hotspot’s VIP room. Clarkson, 40, accepted a chauffeured ride back to Spector’s home that late Night just before her death. Spector’s first trial ended with no verdict on Sept. 26, 2007, when the jury deadlocked, 10-2, in favor of conviction for murder. Buo yed by that near conviction, LA prosecutors took another shot at Spector but gave themselves an out. Jurors could have considered a lesser charge of involuntary manslaughter, which carried a 14-year prison sentence, had they not found him guilty of murder. Spector’s defense in both trials painted Clarkson as a desperate, failing actress, who ate the music man’s .38 Special rather than face another cruel day in Tinseltown. But jurors clearly rejected that characterization and believed prosecutors, who showed Spector’s proclivity for fire arms and anger against women. Five women — four in person, one on video tape — from Spector’s past testified with shockingly similar details about the mad maestro pulling guns on them, when they wouldn’t obey. Spector was also done in by his chauffeur, Adriano DeSouza, who vividly recalled Spector standing in the mansion doorway, gun in hand, announcing: “I think I killed somebody.” Clarkson’s slaying and ensuing trial brought a sad coda to one of the most remarkable careers in modern music history. Spector’s producing credits include songs like “Be My Baby” and “Da Doo Ron Ron” and Beatles albums “Let It Be” and “Concert for Bangladesh.” Spector was also one of his generation’s great song writers, having penned classics like “You’ve Lost that Lovin9 9 Feeling,” “Walking In The Rain,” “River Deep, Mountain High,” “Just Once In My Life,” and “To Know Him Is To Love Him.” Share this:


Which river runs through the town where Shakespeare was born?

Where Was Shakespeare Born? Where Was Shakespeare Born? By Lee Jamieson When was Shakespeare Born? Shakespeare was born in 1564 into a prosperous family in Stratford-upon-Avon, UK. Although there is no record of his birth, it is presumed that Shakespeare was born on 23 April because he was entered into the baptism register of Holy Trinity Church shortly after. Similarly, there is no exact recorded date of his death, but the date of the burial also indicates the 23 April. Yes, Shakespeare was born and died on the same day of the year! Where was Shakespeare Born? William’s father, John Shakespeare, owned a large family house in the town center which is presumed to be the birthplace of the Bard. You can still visit the very room in which it is believed that Shakespeare was born . The house sits on Henley Street - the main road that runs through the middle of this small market town in Warwickshire, UK. It is well preserved and is open to the public via the visitor center. Inside, you can see how small the living space was for the young William and how the family would have lived, cooked and slept. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know One room would have been William's Father's workroom where he would have tailored gloves to sell - the family business William was expected to carry on. Shakespeare Pilgrimage For centuries, Shakespeare’s Birthplace has been a place of pilgrimage for the literary minded. The tradition started in 1769 when David Garrick, a famous Shakespearean actor, organized the first Shakespeare festival in Stratford-upon-Avon. Since then, the house has been visited by scores of famous writers including: Thomas Hardy (1896) They used diamond rings to scratch their names into the glass window of the birth room. The window has since been replaced, but the original glass panes are still on display. Thousands of people every year continue to follow this tradition and visit Shakespeare’s Birthplace – and the house remains one of Stratford-upon-Avon’s busiest attractions. Indeed, the house marks the starting point of the annual parade walked by local officials, celebrities and community groups each year as part of the Shakespeare Birthday Celebrations. This symbolic walk starts in Henley Street, the place of his birth, and finishes at Holy Trinity Church, his burial place. Participants of the annual parade pin a sprig of the herb rosemary to their outfits as a mark of remembrance. This is a reference to Ophelia's line in Hamlet: "There's rosemary, that's for remembrance ." Preserving the Birthplace as a National Memorial When the Birthplace’s last private occupant died, money was raised by committee to buy the house at auction and preserve it as a national memorial. The campaign was given impetus when a rumor spread that P. T. Barnum , the American circus owner wanted to buy the house and ship it to New York! The money was raised successfully and the house is in the safe hands of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust by 1847. The trust subsequently bought other Shakespeare-related properties in and around Stratford-upon-Avon, including his Mother's farm house, his daughter's town house and his wife's family home in nearby Shottery. They also own the land where Shakespeare's final home in the town once stood. Today, the Shakespeare Birthplace House has been preserved and converted into a museum as part of a larger visitor center complex. It is open to the public all year round.


What does zorro mean? Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Zorro Zorro is a fictional character created in 1919 by New York–based pulp writer Johnston McCulley. The character has been featured in numerous books, films, television series, and other media. Zorro is the secret identity of Don Diego de la Vega, a Californio nobleman and master living in the Spanish colonial era. The character has undergone changes through the years, but the typical image of him is a dashing black-clad masked outlaw who defends the people of the land against tyrannical officials and other villains. Not only is he too cunning and foxlike for the bumbling authorities to catch, but he delights in publicly humiliating them. Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Zorro zor′ō, n. a South American fox-wolf. [Sp.] Numerology The numerical value of zorro in Chaldean Numerology is: 7 Pythagorean Numerology


Which ship, the largest and fastest in the world, with steam turbine propulsion, then a revolutionary development in ocean liner design, was launched on 20 September 1906?

RMS Mauretania model RMS             MAURETANIA ocean liner model   RMS Mauretania was launched on             September 20, 1906 to become the largest ship in the             world. Particularly notable was her steam turbine             propulsion, which was a revolutionary development in             ocean liner design. The RMA Mauretania left Liverpool on her maiden voyage on             November 16 th, 1907.  Later that month she             captured the record for the fastest eastbound crossing             of the Atlantic. Only 22 months later, in September, 1909, the RMS Mauretania             captured the Blue Riband for the fastest westbound             crossing - a record that was to stand for more than 20             years (broken by the German ocean liner Bremen in 1929.) The RMS Mauretania (along with her near-twin sister,             RMS Lusitania) were the only ships with direct-drive steam             turbines to hold the Blue Riband, later ships had             reduction-geared turbines. In September 1934, Cunard withdrew the RMS Mauretania from             service following a final eastward crossing from New             York to Southampton. In July, 1935, the great RMS Mauretania             sadly headed for the breaker's yard at Rosyth.


An American TV series starring Molly Shannon and Selma Blair is based on which Australian comedy series?

Molly Shannon and Selma Blair talk about 'Kath & Kim' - Television & Video - Entertainment - News - Catholic Online Molly Shannon and Selma Blair talk about 'Kath & Kim' Molly Shannon and Selma Blair talk about 'Kath & Kim' McClatchy Newspapers ( www.mctdirect.com ) McClatchy Newspapers (MCT) - Add "Kath & Kim" to the list of American network television shows based on programs created abroad. It follows the likes of "The Office," "Coupling," "The Worst Week," "Life on Mars" and "The Ex List." Highlights Published in TV The new NBC comedy, starring Molly Shannon and Selma Blair, is based on an Australian comedy of the same name. Just like the series from the land Down Under, "Kath & Kim" looks at what happens when a mother and a daughter with a dysfunctional relationship end up living under the same roof again. Despite there being only seven years' difference in the actresses' ages, Shannon plays the mom. The task fell to executive producer Michelle Nader, whose past works include "Spin City" and King of Queens," to adapt the Aussie version for an American audience. She jumped at the chance because of a close understanding of this mother-daughter dynamic. "I grew up with a single mom and I understood that relationship. We wanted to really sort of get the emotional core of the show more than they did in the Australian version. The Australian version is very funny, and we're absolutely going to be hopefully as funny as them. But they do eight episodes and we do 22," Nader says during an interview at the Beverly Hilton Hotel. "You just have to sort of dish out the level of reality in a different way. It has to be more grounded." Nader says the show will work because Shannon and Blair are perfect choices for the roles. Blair's character of Kim is a self-described "trophy wife." The actress, best known for her role in the "Hellboy" movies, says Kim was a character she wanted to play. "I just really wanted to play someone that was different than me. Now, I find that she's not that different from me. So that's weird," Blair says with a smile. "My character's really in a state of arrested development. Which I see all the time. People don't want to grow up. "So it's part of the humor that my character could be 20, she could be 30, she could be 40, and she's in her clothes from when she was in seventh grade and thinks that that's hot." Shannon was familiar with the series, having received a copy of the Australian version from a friend. As soon as she heard NBC was making an American version she wanted to be part of the show. "I really love doing characters. I prefer that to playing close to myself. It just feels more fun to me and freeing," Shannon says. "I like my character _ Kath is positive, strong. She's spent her whole live raising her daughter and now she's got the daughter out of the house and she wants to move on, focus on herself and her dating life and her figure and her diet. "Then the daughter moves back in. She keeps getting sucked back into the drama with the daughter." And that drama must play out as comedy. ___


Big Ben - UK Parliament Big Ben From the Parliamentary collections: Big Ben and Elizabeth Tower Big Ben The name Big Ben is often used to describe the tower, the clock and the bell but the name was first given to the Great Bell. The Elizabeth Tower, which stands at the north end of the Houses of Parliament, was completed in 1859 and the Great Clock started on 31 May, with the Great Bell's strikes heard for the first time on 11 July and the quarter bells first chimed on 7 September.


In total, how many moons do the 4 planets closest to the sun have?

How many moons does Mercury have? (Update) How many moons does Mercury have? (Update) January 1, 2016            by Fraser Cain, Universe Today Montage of the solar system’s moons, shown to scale. Credit: planetary.org Virtually every planet in the solar system has moons. Earth has the moon, Mars has Phobos and Deimos, and Jupiter and Saturn have 67 and 62 officially named moons, respectively. Heck, even the recently-demoted dwarf planet Pluto has five confirmed moons – Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx. And even asteroids like 243 Ida may have satellites orbiting them (in this case, Dactyl). But what about Mercury? If moons are such a common feature in the solar system, why is it that Mercury has none? Yes, if one were to ask how many satellites the planet closest to the sun has, that would be the short answer. But answering it more thoroughly requires that we examine the process through which other planets acquired their moons, and seeing how these apply (or fail to apply) to Mercury. To break it all down, there are three ways in which a body can acquire a natural satellite. These causes have been determined thanks to many decades of astronomers and physicists studying the various moons of the solar system, and learning about their orbits and compositions. As a result, scientists have a good idea of where these satellites came from and how they came to orbit their respective planets. Causes Of Natural Satellites: First, a satellite (or satellites) may form from a circumplanetary disk of material that orbits a planet – similar to a protoplanetary disk around a star. In this scenario, the disk gradually coalesces to form larger bodies, which may or may not be massive enough to undergo hydrostatic equilibrium (i.e. become spherical). This is how Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are believed to have acquired the majority of their larger satellites. The video will load shortly Second, satellites may be acquired when a small body is captured by the gravity of a larger body. This is believed to be the case where Mars' moons of Phobos and Deimos are concerned, as well as Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune's and Uranus' smaller, irregular moons. It is also believed that Neptune's largest moon, Triton, was once a Trans-Neptunian Object (TNO) that was ejected from the Kuiper Belt and then captured by Neptune's gravity. Last, there is the possibility that moons are the result of massive collisions that caused a planet to ejected some of their material into space, which then coalesced to form a satellite in orbit. This is widely thought to be how the moon was formed, when a Mars-sized object (often referred to as Theia) collided with it 4.5 billion years ago. Hill sphere: Also known as a Roche sphere, a Hill sphere is a region around an astronomical body where it dominates the attraction of satellites. The outer edge of this region constitutes a zero-velocity surface – which refers to a surface a body of given energy cannot cross, since it would have zero velocity on the surface. In order to orbit a planet, a moon must have an orbit that lies within the planet's Hill sphere. The video will load shortly In other words, a Hill sphere approximates the gravitational sphere of influence of a smaller body in the face of perturbations from a more massive body (i.e. the parent star). So when dealing with objects in the solar system, anything within a planet's Hill sphere will be bound to that planet, whereas anything outside of it will be bound to the sun. A perfect example of this is Earth, which is able to hold the moon in its orbit in the face of the overwhelming gravity of the sun, because it orbits within Earth's Hill sphere. Alas, this is why Mercury has no moons of its own. Categorically, it is not in a position to form one, capture one, or acquire one from material ejected into orbit. And here's why: Mercury's Size and Orbit: Given Mercury's small size (the smallest planet in the ) and its proximity to the sun, it's gravity is too weak (and it's Hill sphere too small) to retain a natural satellite . Basically, if a large o


What is the affectionate Spanish language diminutive that Mara Eva Duarte de Pern, the second wife of President Juan Domingo Pern of Argentina, was known by?

Eva Perón Eva Perón María Eva Duarte de Perón Extra names: Ева Перон, Eva Peron, Evita, Maria Eva Duarte de Perona Categories: La Recoleta Cemetery Person María Eva Duarte de Perón (7 May 1919 – 26 July 1952) was the second wife of Argentine President Juan Perón (1895–1974) and served as the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She is usually referred to as Eva Perón (Spanish: [ˈeβa peˈɾon]), or by the affectionate Spanish language diminutive Evita. She was born in the village of Los Toldos in The Pampas, rural Argentina in 1919, the youngest of five children. In 1934, at the age of 15, she went to the nation's capital of Buenos Aires, where she pursued a career as a stage, radio, and film actress. Eva met Colonel Juan Perón on 22 January 1944, in Buenos Aires during a charity event at the Luna Park Stadium to benefit the victims of an earthquake in San Juan, Argentina. The two were married the following year. In 1946, Juan Perón was elected President of Argentina. Over the course of the next six years, Eva Perón became powerful within the pro-Peronist trade unions, primarily for speaking on behalf of labor rights. She also ran the Ministries of Labor and Health, founded and ran the charitable Eva Perón Foundation, championed women's suffrage in Argentina, and founded and ran the nation's first large-scale female political party, the Female Peronist Party. In 1951, Eva Perón announced her candidacy for the Peronist nomination for the office of Vice President of Argentina, receiving great support from the Peronist political base, low-income and working class Argentines who were referred to as descamisados or "shirtless ones". However, opposition from the nation's military and bourgeoisie, coupled with her declining health, ultimately forced her to withdraw her candidacy. In 1952, shortly before her death from cancer at the age of 33, Eva Perón was given the title of "Spiritual Leader of the Nation" by the Argentine Congress. Eva Perón was given a state funeral upon her death, a prerogative generally reserved for heads of state. Eva Perón has become a part of international popular culture, most famously as the subject of the musical Evita (1976). Cristina Alvarez Rodriguez, Evita's great niece, claims that Evita has never left the collective consciousness of Argentines. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, the first female elected President of Argentina, claims that women of her generation owe a debt to Eva for "her example of passion and combativeness". Early childhood Eva's autobiography, La Razón de mi Vida, contains no dates or references to childhood occurrences, and does not list the location of her birth or her name at birth. According to Junín's civil registry, a birth certificate shows that one María Eva Duarte was born on 7 May 1922. Her baptismal certificate, however, lists the date of birth as 7 May 1919 under the name Eva María Ibarguren. It is believed that in 1945 the adult Eva Perón created a forgery of her birth certificate for her marriage. Eva Perón spent her childhood in Junín, Buenos Aires province. Her parents, Juan Duarte and Juana Ibarguren (sometimes referred to as Doña Juana), were descended from Basque immigrants. Juan Duarte was a wealthy rancher from nearby Chivilcoy, where he already had a wife and family. During this time period in rural Argentina, it was not uncommon to see a wealthy male with multiple families. However, the lack of legitimacy for Juana and her children would still leave them stigmatized and rejected. Referred to as "bastards", the family was somewhat isolated. When Duarte suddenly passed away, and his mistress and their children made an attempt to attend his funeral, a small scandal erupted at the church gates. Though Juana and the children were permitted to pay respects to Duarte, they were promptly directed outside afterward. Mrs. Juan Duarte did not want her husband's mistress and children at the funeral, and as his legitimate wife, her orders were respected. Eva would never forget the bitter memory of having her mother and siblings thrown out of her fat


Saint of the Day for April 23 (c. 280 –  April 23, 303)   Saint George’s Story Saint George is the object of a vast amount of imagination. There is every reason to believe that he was a real martyr who suffered at Lydda in Palestine, probably before the time of Constantine. The Church adheres to his memory, but not to the legends surrounding his life. That he was willing to pay the supreme price to follow Christ is what the Church believes. And it is enough. The story of George’s slaying the dragon, rescuing the king’s daughter and converting Libya is a 12th-century Italian fable. George was a favorite patron saint of crusaders, as well as of Eastern soldiers in earlier times. He is a patron saint of England, Portugal, Germany, Aragon, Catalonia, Genoa and Venice. Reflection Human nature seems to crave more than cold historical data. Americans have Washington and Lincoln, but we somehow need Paul Bunyan, too. The life of Saint Francis of Assisi is inspiring enough, but for centuries the Italians have found his spirit in the legends of the Fioretti, too. Santa Claus is the popular extension of the spirit of Saint Nicholas. The legends about Saint George are part of this yearning. Both fact and legend are human ways of illumining the mysterious truth about the One who alone is holy. Saint George is the Patron Saint of: Boy Scouts


The northern border of which country is with the continental USA?

United States of America USA Land Statistics and Landforms Hills Lakes Mountains Plains Rivers If you exclude Alaska and Hawaii... Most Northern Pt: Angle, Minnesota, at 49º 23'N Most Southern Pt: East Cape, Florida, at 25º 7'N Most Eastern Pt: West Quoddy Head, ME, at 66º 57'W Most Western Pt: Cape Alava, WA, at 124º 44 Coastlines: Coastlines: 12,383 miles (19,928 km) Atlantic coastline: 2,069 miles (3,330 km) Pacific coastline: + Hawaii: 7,623 miles (12,268 km) Gulf of Mexico coastline: 1,631 miles (2,625 km) Alaska coastline: 1,060 miles (1,706 km) Counties: Largest County: (by population) Los Angeles, 9.2 million


What function must be applied to the numbers 10 and 5 to provide 50 as the result?

C++ Programming/Code/Statements/Functions - Wikibooks, open books for an open world C++ Programming/Code/Statements/Functions Functions[ edit ] A function , which can also be referred to as subroutine , procedure, subprogram or even method , carries out tasks defined by a sequence of statements called a statement block that need only be written once and called by a program as many times as needed to carry out the same task. Functions may depend on variables passed to them, called arguments , and may pass results of a task on to the caller of the function, this is called the return value . It is important to note that a function that exists in the global scope can also be called global function and a function that is defined inside a class is called a member function. (The term method is commonly used in other programming languages to refer to things like member functions, but this can lead to confusion in dealing with C++ which supports both virtual and non-virtual dispatch of member functions.) Note: When talking or reading about programming, you must consider the language background and the topic of the source. It is very rare to see a C++ programmer use the words procedure or subprogram, this will vary from language to language. In many programming languages the word function is reserved for subroutines that return a value, this is not the case with C++. Declarations[ edit ] A function must be declared before being used, with a name to identify it, what type of value the function returns and the types of any arguments that are to be passed to it. Parameters must be named and declare what type of value it takes. Parameters should always be passed as const if their arguments are not modified. Usually functions performs actions, so the name should make clear what it does. By using verbs in function names and following other naming conventions programs can be read more naturally. The next example we define a function named main that returns an integer value int and takes no parameters. The content of the function is called the body of the function. The word int is a keyword. C++ keywords are reserved words, i.e., cannot be used for any purpose other than what they are meant for. On the other hand main is not a keyword and you can use it in many places where a keyword cannot be used (though that is not recommended, as confusion could result). int main() { // code return 0; } To do: Merge and spread the info The inline keyword declares an inline function, the declaration is a (non-binding) request to the compiler that a particular function be subjected to in-line expansion ; that is, it suggests that the compiler insert the complete body of the function in every context where that function is used and so it is used to avoid the overhead implied by making a CPU jump from one place in code to another and back again to execute a subroutine, as is done in naive implementations of subroutines. inline swap( int& a, int& b) { int const tmp(b); b=a; a=tmp; } When a function definition is included in a class/struct definition, it will be an implicit inline, the compiler will try to automatically inline that function. No inline keyword is necessary in this case; it is legal, but redundant, to add the inline keyword in that context, and good style is to omit it. Example: struct length { explicit length(int metres) : m_metres(metres) {} operator int&() { return m_metres; } private: int m_metres; }; Inlining can be an optimization, or a pessimization. It can increase code size (by duplicating the code for a function at multiple call sites) or can decrease it (if the code for the function, after optimization, is less than the size of the code needed to call a non-inlined function). It can increase speed (by allowing for more optimization and by avoiding jumps) or can decrease speed (by increasing code size and hence cache misses). One important side-effect of inlining is that more code is then accessible to the optimizer. Marking a function as inline also has an effect on linking: multiple definitions of an inline function are permitted


What was the popular name for Bethlem (or Bethlehem) Hospital, the first home for the insane in Britain established in 1403?

Bethlem Royal Hospital - Asylum Projects Bethlem Royal Hospital Monks Orchard Rd Beckenham, London BR3 3BX, United Kingdom Architecture Style "Bedlam" Bethlem Hospital at St George's Fields, 1828 Bethlem Royal Hospital is an active hospital for the treatment of mental illness located in London, United Kingdom; and is currently owned and operated by South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Although no longer based at the original location of its 1247 founding, it is recognized as Europe's first and oldest psychiatric institution. Bethlem has been accepting patients suffering from Insanity since the 14th century. The current hospital has been closely associated with King's College-London, and remains in partnership with the King's College-London Institute of Psychiatry. The hospital itself remains a major center for psychiatric, neurological and psychological research. The current hospital includes a range of specialist psychiatric services, such as the National Psychosis Unit for the United Kingdom. Other services on the hospital grounds include: the Bethlem Adolescent, which provides care and treatment for young people aged 12–18 from across the country. Bethlem also has an occupational therapy department, which has its own art gallery displaying work of current patients, and a number of noted artists have been past patients at the hospital over the years. Several examples of their work can be found in the Bethlem museum. The word bedlam, meaning 'an uproar or confusion', is derived from the hospital's prior name. From the fourteenth century, Bethlem had been referred to colloquially as "Bedleheem", "Bedleem" or "Bedlam". Initially Bedlam functioned merely as an informal, alternative moniker for the institution but, from approximately the Jacobean era, it emerged as Bethlem's doppelgänger, detaching itself increasingly from the hospital, and entering everyday speech to signify a state of madness, chaos, and the irrational nature of the world. Although currently a modern psychiatric facility, historically it became representative historically of the worst excesses of asylum abuses and neglect. In recent years the British government has attempted to reform the image of the site, and in 1997, celebrated in 750th anniversary as a public facility. The service user perspective was not to be included, however, and members of the Psychiatric survivors movement saw nothing to celebrate in either the original Bedlam or in current mental health care. A campaign called "Reclaim Bedlam" was launched by Pete Shaugnessey, which was supported by hundreds of patients and ex-patients and widely reported in the media. A sit-in was held outside the earlier Bedlam site at the Imperial War Museum. Despite this it remains a model for psychiatric care in both Britain and the Americas. Contents [ edit ] Foundation as a Catholic Priory: 1247-1330 Bedlem as it appeared in the 13th century Bethlem Royal Hospital's origins are unlike any other psychiatric hospital in the western world. As a formal organization, it can be traced to its foundation in 1247, during the reign King Henry III, as a Roman Catholic Monastery for the Priory of the 'New Order of St Mary of Bethlem' in the city of London proper. It was established by the Italian Bishop of Bethlehem, Goffredo de Prefetti, following a donation of personal property by the London Alderman and former City-Sheriff, the Norman, Simon FitzMary. It bears its name after its primary patron and original overseer. The initial location of the priory was in the parish of Saint Botolph, in Bishopsgate's ward, just beyond London's wall and where the south-east corner of Liverpool Street station now stands. Bethlem was not initially intended as a hospital, much less as a specialist institution for the mentally ill. Rather, its purpose was tied to the function of the English Church; the ostensible purpose of the priory was to function as a centre for the collection of alms to support the Crusaders, and to link England to the Holy Land. Bishop De Prefetti's need to generate income for the Crusaders, and res


Which trophy, damaged by Benjamin Peri Nathan with a sledgehammer in March 1997, was restored to its original condition, free of charge, by London silversmiths Garrard & Co., who had made it in 1848?

America's Cup Info Guide | Watchtheworld.net UNDERSTAND The America’s Cup, affectionately known as the “Auld Mug”, is a trophy awarded to the winner of the America’s Cup match races between two sailing yachts. One yacht, known as the defender, represents the yacht club that currently holds the America’s Cup and the second yacht, known as the challenger, represents the yacht club that is challenging for the cup. The timing of each match is determined by an agreement between the defender and the challenger. The America’s Cup is the oldest international sporting trophy. The trophy was originally awarded in 1851 by the Royal Yacht Squadron for a race around the Isle of Wight in England, which was won by the schooner America. The trophy was renamed the America’s Cup after the yacht and was donated to the New York Yacht Club (NYYC) under the terms of the Deed of Gift, which made the cup available for perpetual international competition. Any yacht club that meets the requirements specified in the Deed of Gift has the right to challenge the yacht club that holds the Cup. If the challenging club wins the match, it gains stewardship of the cup. The history and prestige associated with the America’s Cup attracts not only the world’s top sailors and yacht designers but also the involvement of wealthy entrepreneurs and sponsors. It is a test not only of sailing skill and boat and sail design, but also of fund-raising and management skills. The trophy was held by the NYYC from 1857 (when the syndicate that won the Cup donated the trophy to the club) until 1983 when the Cup was won by the Royal Perth Yacht Club, represented by the yacht Australia II, ending the longest winning streak in the history of sport. From the first defense of the Cup in 1870 through the twentieth defense in 1967, there was always only one challenger. In 1970, for the first time, there were multiple challengers, so the NYYC agreed that the challengers could run a selection series with the winner becoming the official challenger and competing against the defender in the America’s Cup match. Since 1983, Louis Vuitton has sponsored the Louis Vuitton Cup as a prize for the winner of the challenger selection series.Early matches for the Cup were raced between yachts 65–90 ft (20–27 m) on the waterline owned by wealthy sportsmen. This culminated with the J-Class regattas of the 1930s. After World War II and almost twenty years without a challenge, the NYYC made changes to the Deed of Gift to allow smaller, less expensive 12-metre class yachts to compete; this class was used until it was replaced in 1990 by the International America’s Cup Class which was used until 2007.After a long legal battle, the 2010 America’s Cup was raced in 90 ft (27 m) lwl multihull yachts in a best-of-three “deed-of-gift” match in Valencia, Spain. The victorious Golden Gate Yacht Club then elected to race the 34th America’s Cup in AC72 foiling, wing-sail catamarans. Golden Gate Yacht Club successfully defended the Cup. The 35th America’s Cup match will be sailed in 48 ft foiling catamarans. The history of the America’s Cup has been marred by legal battles and disputes over rule changes including most recently over the rule changes for the 2017 America’s Cup. Go top HISTORY History The Cup is an ornate sterling silver bottomless ewer, one of several off-the-shelf trophies crafted in 1848 by Garrard & Co. Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey bought one and donated it for the Royal Yacht Squadron’s 1851 Annual Regatta around the Isle of Wight.Guinea Cup” by the America syndicate, but was also referred to as the “Queen’s Cup” (a guinea is an old monetary unit of one pound and one shilling, now £1.05). Today, the trophy is officially known as the “America’s Cup” after the 1851 winning yacht, and is affectionately called the “Auld Mug” by the sailing community. It is inscribed with names of the yachts that competed for it, and has been modified twice by adding matching bases to accommodate more names. 1851 America wins the Cup In 1851 Commodore John Cox Stevens, a charter member of the fle


"The initial slogan for the American War of Independence was ""No taxation without "" what?"

No Taxation Without Representation Meaning & Definition Photo by: Magnus Manske Creative Commons “No taxation without representation” refers to the slogan from 1750s and 1760s that encapsulates the prime grievance of the Thirteen Colonies. It is actually part of a sermon given by Jonathan Mayhew in 1750. It was also one of the causes of the American Revolution. The lack of representation in the British Parliament was a clearly a violation of the rights of the colonists. Thus, taxation and all other laws that affected the colonists directly and indirectly were not constitutional at all. During the American Revolution, there were only a few British citizens that were represented and they were not even a part of the colonies. The phrase summarizes the sentiments that caused the English Civil War, as told by John Hampden. He said in the ship money case who said that an “English King has no right to demand and an English subject has no right to refuse.” Tax, tax, tax The British Parliament controlled colonial trade and implemented the taxing of imports and exports since 1660. This historic right was deprived to the Americans by the time the 1760s came. Under the English Bill of rights, the imposition of taxes without consent of the Parliament was utterly forbidden. Since colonists were devoid of representation in the Parliament, this was in violation of the rights of the colonists. In the end, the British Parliament insisted on the fact that the colonists had virtual representation. Pitt the Elder was a famous Briton and North American like Joseph Galloway who debated and spread plans to create imperial structure or federal representative of the British government. This involved taxation powers that included American, Irish, West Indian and British Members of Parliament. The ideas seriously underwent debates and discussions from different sides of the Atlantic. However, there was no formal demand that was sent to Westminster in the end. Virtual Representation? Representation was very limited in Britain with only 3% of men that were allowed with the utmost controlled being done by the local gentry. The British Government then said that colonist had virtual representation to their advantage. No taxation without representation meant that the government had to pass all taxes. This is according to English history. The representation used to be land until it became virtual representation. Samuel Johnson trashed the plea of colonists who had no vote to be unrepresented. According to him: “They are represented by the same virtual representation as the greater part of England.” The virtual representation theory was lambasted in Britain by Charles Pratt, 1st Earl of Camden and William Pit, Earl of Chatham, his ally. The colonists also rejected it as a whole saying that it was hid political corruption and was unidentifiable with the beliefs of the republicans. There is not representation if a man is not allowed to vote. In the Parliament’s first speeches, Lord Camden trashed the proposal to mollify the crown when the Stamp Act was repealed. When the “no taxation without representation” was first affirmed, Camden received the ire of PM Greenville, Chief Justice James Mansfield, 1st Earl of Northington and Robert Henley. Essentially the British Parliament had no right to impose tax on the Americans. 16 responses to “No Taxation Without Representation” Joseph It’s a good article. But I think the date is wrong. It is not 1960, but It should be 1660. *The British Parliament controlled colonial trade and implemented the taxing of imports and exports since *1960. →1660.


What name is given to an over-theatrical actor?

The First American Theatre THE FIRST AMERICAN THEATRE This document was written by Arthur Hornblow and originally published in A History of the Theatre in America, Vol. 1. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1919. pp. 21-40. The history of the theatre in America begins early in the Eighteenth Century, about the time the first rumblings were heard of the storm which was to break the ties still holding the Colonies to the mother country. William Dunlap, the earliest historian of the American stage, tells us that the drama was first introduced in this country by the Hallams in the year 1752 when they brought over a company from London and presented The Merchant of Venice at Williamsburg, then the capital of Virginia, in a building arranged for that purpose. "This," says Dunlap, "was the first theatre opened in America by a company of regular comedians." This singularly misleading statement is perhaps the most conspicuous of a number of similar erroneous assertions which mar an otherwise valuable and interesting work. [ 1 ] Dunlap ignored or was uninformed of a number of well authenticated dramatic performances which had been given in different parts of the Colonies many years before the arrival of the Hallams. Apparently, he knew nothing of the theatre built in Williamsburg, VA., in 1716. He had no knowledge of the theatre opened in New York in 1732. He makes no mention of the opening of the Playhouse in Dock Street, Charleston, S.C., in 1736. [ 2 ] He had never heard of Thomas Kean who acted Richard III at the First Nassau Street Theatre, New York, March 5, 1750. Even so careful an historian as Joseph N. Ireland falls into the error of taking it for granted that no earlier records existed because he had not happened to stumble upon them. In his Records of the New York Stage, [ 3 ] referring to an advertisement in Bradford's Gazette of October, 1733, which mentions George Talbot's store as being "next door to the Playhouse," he says, "No other reference has been found respecting it (the Playhouse) and any conjecture as to its proprietors, its performers, or the plays presented therein would be vain and fruitless." How little "vain and fruitless" may be judged from that fact that today we not only know what play was performed in this New York theatre of 1732, but also who some of the players were. Virginia has some claim to be considered the cradle of the native American theatre, but 1752 was not the date of the drama's birth in this country. There were theatrical performances in Williamsburg and acting in New York by professional players many years earlier than that. We know that a regular theatre was built in Williamsburg and performances given as early as 1716. We also know that Murray and Kean's troupe of professional players acted Richard III iin Williamsburg some time before the Hallams arrived and presented The Merchant of Venice. In fact, the Hallams used the same theatre that the Murray-Kean company had recently occupied. In view of the more than scant information regarding plays and players in the pre-Revolutionary newspapers and chronicles of the time, it would be an impossible task to attempt to ascertain when or where the first theatrical performance took place on the North American continent. It is likely that there were scattered dramatic performances of a sort in all the Colonies many years before we have any records of them, particularly in the South where the prejudice against the stage was less violent than in the North, but singularly enough it is in the Puritanical New England provinces that we find the first actual records of public theatricals, and in Quaker Philadelphia that the drama first found a permanent home. That so little should be known of the early beginnings of the acted drama in America is not surprising when one considers the intolerance of the age against the theatre and the player. In face of the almost general condemnation of the playhouse the journals of the day were not encouraged to give much, if any, space in their slender columns to the doings of player-folk. It was also the cus


"Which long-running show spawned several television series, including ""Laverne & Shirley"", ""Mork & Mindy"", and ""Joanie Loves Chachi""?"

Happy Days | Family Guy Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Happy Days has been also referenced in, " Let's Go to the Hop " and " Sibling Rivalry ". In " The Son Also Draws ", The Fonz was Peter Griffin 's spiritual guide while lost in the forest during his Vision Quest with his son Chris . He told Peter that he should start paying attention to Chris more and accept his drawing abilities. In an episode of Happy Days seen earlier in the episode, Richie reveals he is in love with Potsie. In " The Father, the Son, and the Holy Fonz ", Griffin starts his own religion, Fonzism. This new religion, centered around The Fonz with services held at The First United Church of the Fonz, borrows surface elements from Catholicism but uses Happy Days episodes as its sacred texts. In " It Takes a Village Idiot, and I Married One ", a legend about Don Most is proven true. The eponymous song that accompanies his misty rise is about him, and samples the show's theme song. When Peter makes a mistake by leaving the couch by the curb and it is taken in " A Shot in the Dark ", a 70-year old Fonzie appears to be stumbling over being "wrong", a word Fonzie was unable to say. However, Lois points out that he is really having a stroke.