Mining on Dartmoor    Mining on Dartmoor About Us             In addition to providing its inhabitants with land for agriculture and pasturing, Dartmoor has been the Southwest of England’s historic hub for industrial work –in the form of metal extraction– for thousands of years.  The lengthy history of mining, particularly tinning, as part of the landscape and culture on Dartmoor has left significant impact on its inhabitants, as is evidenced in Sabine Baring–Gould’s work Dartmoor Idylls.  Baring-Gould’s stories are steeped in the country’s extraction history and repeatedly references both physical features of the landscape involved with the extraction of tin and the lives of miners.  Even today the ruins of blowing houses– the buildings that housed the melting process by which tin ore was smelted– remain on the moors, as does folklore associated with the industry, such as Baring-Gould recorded.  Throughout Idylls, specifically in the stories “Little Dixie” and “Jolly Lane Cot”, which depict details about a miner’s life and travail, Baring-Gould’s writing, drawn from folk stories and cultural history, subtly emphasizes the importance of mining as a shaper of both Dartmoor’s people and the land itself.       Tin has been of particular importance to all of western civilization since prehistoric times for its alloying properties: when melted and mixed with copper, it forms the alloy bronze, and its extraction and use brought about a major development in human history– the Bronze Age.  It is believed that the tin–rich land, and the trade industry which prospered based on it, is what made the Southwestern part of England appealing to the Romans.  Written record of tinning in the Southwest dates from as early as 1198, evidenced in a document on the conditions of Stanneries– the districts into which Devon and Cornwall were divided that contained tin mining and smelting facilities under jurisdiction of the Stannary Courts (Worth, 272).  These Stannary Courts were developed in the 13th century to deal specifically with tin mining concerns and codes with a  separate legislative system granted to Devon miners by the crown; they remained active as an entity separate from Common Law until 1836 (Brooke, 9).                Despite the size of the districts, which split mining in all of Devon and Cornwall into four parts based on these courts, tin was really only mined on Dartmoor, and therefore the Stanneries were in towns on the moor– Chagford, Ashburton, Plympton, and Tavistock.  The power and importance these towns had for the economic wealth on Dartmoor, grown out of the mining industries, was so strong that they were and continue to be the largest towns on the Moor.  In each of these towns, after tin and other metal from the district was brought up and smelted in the town’s blowing house, it was taken for ‘coinage’, weighed and a percentage of its worth was taxed to the crown dependent on that weight, a tax that was paid by its owner (Newman, 8).  Other places important to the tin industry on the Dartmoor were Crockerntor, an outcropping of granite in the middle of Dartmoor where ‘Great Courts’ or parliaments of Stannary Law were held, and the Stannary gaol in Lydford.                Most of these place names appear frequently in Dartmoor Idylls: for example,Tavistock is the setting of “Goosie-Vair”; “Snaily House” begins at a crossing in the road “that crosses Dartmoor from Moretonhampstead [N.B. where a mine stood] to Tavistock… one branch goes north-east to Moreton, the other south-east to Ashburton,” (Baring-Gould 69);  “Little Dixie” is set near Lydford, “the nearest village with a church” (125), and in “Jonas Coaker”, Jonas was “the rate collector for the parish of Lydford, the largest parish in England, that comprises within its bounds the major portion of Dartmoor, in fact nearly 57,000 acres.” (151).               Extracting the tin from the land  of Dartmoor left some notable changes to the landscape, as well as the amassing of folkloric names and tales over time.  Unde


"""Neither a borrower nor a lender be' is a line from which of Shakespeare's plays?"

Neither a borrower nor a lender be - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes Neither a borrower nor a lender be Polonius: Neither a borrower nor a lender be, For loan oft loses both itself and friend, And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. Read on Owl Eyes This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. Old Polonius counsels his hotheaded son Laertes, who is about to embark for Paris for his gentleman's education [see THE PRIMROSE PATH ]. While he still has the chance, Polonius wholesales a stockroom of aphorisms, the most famous of which is "Neither a borrower nor a lender be." On Polonius's terms, there is little to argue with in his perhaps ungenerous advice. His logic is thus: lending money to friends is risky, because hitching debt onto personal relationships can cause resentment and, in the case of default, loses the lender both his money and his friend. Borrowing invites more private dangers: it supplants domestic thrift ("husbandry")—in Polonius's eyes, an important gentlemanly value. Incidentally, in the days when Hamlet was first staged, borrowing was epidemic among the gentry, who sometimes neglected husbandry to the point where they were selling off their estates piece by piece to maintain an ostentatious lifestyle in London.


An athlete wearing the initials KSA on his vest is representing which country?

Olympics 2012: A spectacular triumph for London - CNN.com Olympics 2012: A spectacular triumph for London By Simon Hooper, for CNN updated 7:56 PM EDT, Sun August 12, 2012 The Olympic Stadium in London erupts with a magnificent display of fireworks as the 30th Olympiad of the modern era ends. STORY HIGHLIGHTS Britain widely hailed for its staging of 2012 Games, says Simon Hooper Hooper: All previous doubts over security and cost were brushed aside 2012 saw great achievements by male and female athletes Olympics have revitalized London, one year after riots, Hooper argues Editor's note: Simon Hooper has worked as a journalist covering international news, politics and sports for websites and publications including CNN, Al Jazeera, the New Statesman and Sports Illustrated. (CNN) -- If voters in the United Kingdom were offered the chance tomorrow, in a snap referendum, to change the name of the nation to "Team GB" the result would hardly be in doubt. Such is the mood of euphoria fostered by the country's gold medal-winning performers, and London's successful staging of an Olympic Games that some had predicted would become the latest in a long tradition of Great British cockups, that a country more used to wallowing in sporting failure is waking up to the unfamiliar feeling of giving itself a collective pat on the back. Simon Hooper A little more than two weeks ago, London was a city pregnant with angst, the final preparations dogged by a security scandal that required 18,000 military personnel -- almost double the number of British troops currently deployed in Afghanistan -- to be drafted in to guard venues, fears of transport meltdown and lingering arguments over spiralling costs and an uncertain legacy. Now all of that has largely been pushed aside. Even self-styled sporting skeptics have been forced to abandon all pretense of curmudgeonliness as the nation basks in a self-congratulatory golden glow. Armed police patrol near the Athlete's Villiage as military personel and extra police were called in to beef up security for the games. GETTY IMAGES "Admittedly I'm the guy who wrote that I'd rather drink paint than have to sit in a stand and watch this stuff, but that was last week and the world has since changed," wrote Hugo Rifkind, summing up the endorphin-fueled mood swing in the Times newspaper. At a constellation of sites clustered around the Greenwich Meridian, London delivered a stellar spectacle that largely ran like clockwork. The showcase Olympic Park proved an elegant setting as Usain Bolt cemented his claim to be the all-conquering , swaggering sporting icon of his generation by defending his 100- and 200-meter sprint titles, and Michael Phelps confirmed his status as the greatest Olympian in histor y, adding four golds and two silvers to his total haul of 22 medals. Usain Bolt won three gold medals at the London Olympics; two individually (100m and 200m) and one in a team event (pictured above -- the men's 4 x 100m relay). GETTY IMAGES Elsewhere, beach volleyball, played out incongruously amid austere ministries of government and not a little sniggering from the stands, served up a novelty hit in a country where beaches are more associated with donkey rides than bikinis, while the city's landmarks and parks offered telegenic backdrops and enthusiastic crowds whenever the games ventured onto the streets, culminating Sunday in a men's marathon bathed in sunshine . These were an open-minded and progressive games, in which a handful of women from Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei competed for the first time , and where the double amputee Oscar Pistorius, nicknamed Bladerunner, bestrode the gap between Olympics and Paralympics, by representing South Africa on the track. Yet the ultimate success and atmosphere of any major sporting event inevitably hangs on the fortunes of the hosts, and in this regard British competitors could hardly have delivered more. A tally of 29 gold medals and third place in the medals table represented Team GB's best performance at an Olympiad since 1908, leaving the country's traditional sporti


Popular with young British. people, on. which. Mediterranean island is the. resort of Malia located?

Sex, drugs, booze and violence: Welcome to Malia, the 'party' resort serving up a lethal holiday cocktail for young Brits | Daily Mail Online Sex, drugs, booze and violence: Welcome to Malia, the 'party' resort serving up a lethal holiday cocktail for young Brits comments Dawn breaks over Malia and casts a shaft of sunlight over the wreckage of the night. Young men and women  -  white-faced and with glazed, unseeing eyes  -  wander the streets like the living dead. Others lie flat on their backs in the streets, semi-comatose. Trails of blood on the pavement reveal where revellers have fallen or been in a fight. In the budget hotels, girls lie in unfamiliar beds next to boys they've just met. When they wake up with crippling hangovers, they'll ask themselves: 'Did we?' It's Thursday in Crete's premier 'party' resort, and, as usual, it's been a busy night at the medical centre  -  around 50 Brits turning up for treatment to cuts, sprains and wrist injuries from fighting. At 7am, an ambulance races to a hotel where a man has fallen, drunk, from a balcony, breaking his jaw and gashing open his head in the process. He is transferred to hospital in Heraklion the island's capital, where his condition is serious but stable. Exploited: Youngsters, like these, just want a good time after their exams. But tour firms manipulate their naivity Later in the day, he is joined by another British youth who has fallen off one of the quad bikes that roar through the streets and has suffered severe leg and kidney injuries. This man is gravely ill, his prognosis is uncertain, but doctors believe he will survive. Meanwhile, Heraklion Central Court is preparing to receive any Brits arrested during the night. At the beginning of the week, three were brought in, accused of using counterfeit money. Then on Wednesday, a bedraggled 18-year-old youth arrived in handcuffs, accused of raping a British girl. One horror story after another, but this is just another week in Malia. The revellers are aged 16 upwards and are attracted by the affordability of this tawdry strip of bars and nightclubs which is just a four-hour plane journey from Britain. A one-week package in the sun here costs around £300  -  and comes with the promise of a lively night life. Most of the 5,000 tourists in Malia right now are teenage Brits  -  many have just completed exams at school and are experiencing their first taste of freedom away from home. They can't wait to binge drink and 'pull', but one senses they are getting more than even they bargained for. It's a crazy scene every single night. The madness is fuelled, of course, by alcohol. Gallons of it. Many of the 80 bars and clubs offer three-for-one or even six-for-one drink deals. In other words, you'll get six tequilas for the price of one  -  around  €3 (£2.30). Trouble in paradise: The Greek island of Crete is fast-becoming the resort of choice for boozy Brits Most dangerous of all is a concoction called a 'head****er'  -  a lethal mix of Baileys, chilli powder, tequila, absinthe, ouzo, vodka, cider and gin, plus a 'secret ingredient'. This is served in a giant fish bowl, costs around €10 (£7.80) and is shared through straws. It's quite usual for one person to drink two litres of the stuff in an evening. There are no boundaries, no restraints. It is an ugly scene that reveals a terrifying picture of British society. All the problems back home  -  binge-drinking, crime, promiscuity, teenage pregnancies  -  are magnified here to grotesque proportions. Some of the young holidaymakers are out of their minds on ecstasy (the drug of choice) or cocaine or heroin, which locals says is easily obtained from dealers who hang around the bars. When they're in this state, many of the tourists grab someone to have sex with. No one bothers with chat-up lines; there's no need. The locals look on with contempt. As one Greek put it: 'With dogs, they might spend a few minutes with each other before they do it, but the Brits don't even bother with that.' 100 girls a day seek emergency contraception Manolis Katsulis, who runs the Cretan Med


In which language did Samuel Beckett originally write and publish the play 'Waiting for Godot'?

'When Beckett wrote Waiting for Godot he really didn't know a lot about theatre' - Telegraph 'When Beckett wrote Waiting for Godot he really didn't know a lot about theatre' As Waiting for Godot turns 60, Beckett expert Anna McMullan explains why the  play still appeals.   Image 1 of 6 A scene from the first production of En Attendant Godot, Paris, 1953. Photo: Credit: Roger Pic Copyright: Bibliotheque National de France?   Image 1 of 6 A scene from the first production of En Attendant Godot, Paris, 1953 Photo: Credit: Roger Pic Copyright: Bibliotheque National de France?   Image 1 of 6 Programme for the first production of En Attendant Godot, Paris, 1953. Photo: University of Reading, Special Collections   Image 1 of 6 A scene from the first production of En Attendant Godot, Paris, 1953. Photo: Credit: Roger Pic Copyright: Bibliotheque National de France?   Image 1 of 6 Invitation to a reception to celebrate the first production of En Attendant Godot, Paris, 1953.  Photo: Credit: University of Reading, Special Collections   Image 1 of 6 A scene from the first production of En Attendant Godot, Paris, 1953. Photo: Credit: Béla Bertrand Copyright: Bibliotheque National de France? 7:00AM GMT 05 Jan 2013 Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot premiered as En attendant Godot at a small theatre on the Left Bank in Paris the Théâtre de Babylone, sixty years ago, on January 5 1953. It has since become one of the most important and best known plays of the 20th and 21st century and has been performed countless times the world over. Samuel Beckett expert Anna McMullan answers some questions about the seminal work: What are the standout productions of Waiting for Godot? Obviously there's Roger Blin's first production in Paris. A number of French critics who watched it said: "We've never seen anything like this, this is not theatre as we know it." Then of course the 24-year-old Peter Hall directed the English language premiere in 1955 just two years later at the Arts Theatre in London. The theatre critic Kenneth Tynan said it changed the rules of theatre. Related Articles Samuel Beckett play gets West End debut 28 May 2012 British critics were initially more confused by it than the French, who had experienced a similar sort of existential drama. But then Tynan and a number of other significant critics began to write about the play. It's difficult to remember now, but nothing like it had been seen before. It began to change the way people thought about theatre. Beckett's own production was important too. He directed it at the Schiller Theatre in Berlin in 1975. The production toured internationally and was described as a very balletic production. Beckett took extraordinary care over the costume and design. It's seen as a definitive version, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't reinterpret the play. The relationship between the two characters Pozzo and Lucky can be very disturbing. It's an oppressive and dependent relationship which has lead to the play being interpreted in a number of situations of conflict throughout the world, such as South Africa and Sarajevo – the latter by Susan Sontag under the siege. Programme for the first production of En Attendant Godot, Paris, 1953. Did Beckett make many changes to the play after it was first performed? Yes, he made a lot of changes. When he first wrote it he really didn't know a lot about theatre. He had been to theatre as a young man, and some of his friends were involved in theatre but really he learnt the craft of theatre when he attended the rehearsals of his plays during the 1950s. In the Sixties he began to direct his plays and that's when you begin to see Beckett really writing the stage direction. He did rewrite parts of Godot and made many annotations when in rehearsals at the Schiller theatre – the originals of which still exist. A scene from the first production of En Attendant Godot, Paris, 1953. So have the scripts had all those changes incorporated? Not all of them actually and there is an interesting debate about what actually is the definitive script. Faber and Faber have publi


A second full moon in a single calendar month is now commonly given what name?

Blue Moons The Blue Moon A "Blue Moon" is the name given to the second full moon in a calendar month.  Because there are roughly 29.5 days between full moons, it is unusual for two full moons to "fit" into a 30 or 31 day month (and impossible to fit into a 28 or 29 day month, so February can never have a Blue Moon). The saying "Once in a Blue Moon" means a rare occurrence, and predates the current astronomical use of the term, which is quite recent.  In fact, Blue Moons are not all that rare, on average there will be one Blue Moon every 2.5 years. After 1999, the next Blue Moons will be in November 2001; July 2004; and June 2007. The last one before 1999 was in July 1996. The term Blue Moon is believed to have originated in 1883 after the eruption of Krakatoa. The volcano put so much dust in the atmosphere that the Moon actually looked blue in color. This was so unusual that the term "once in a Blue Moon" was coined. However, Blue Moon was also used in much the same way we use the term "Harvest Moon". There were twelve names for full moons, one for each month, and the name Blue Moon was used in years which had 13 full moons. It referred to the third full moon of the four occuring between an equinox and solstice in that year.  A misinterpretation of this led to a Sky and Telescope Magazine "Star Quiz" in July 1943 followed by an article in March 1946 which stated that the second full moon in any calendar month was called a Blue Moon (attributed to the 1937 Maine Farmers' Almanac), and this definition has now become part of the language. The Double Blue Moon of 1999 In January and March of 1999, we had a situation which only takes place about four times a century: two Blue Moons occurring in the same year.  The last time this happened was in January and April of 1961 and it will not happen again until January and March of 2018. A double Blue Moon most commonly occurs in January/March but is also possible in January/April or January/May and only when there is no full moon at all in February. It is also possible to have a Blue Moon in December of one year and March of the next year, again, there is no full moon in the intervening February. See the links below for more details. Full Moons January-March 1999


Minimus | Define Minimus at Dictionary.com minimus [min-uh-muh s] /ˈmɪn ə məs/ Spell [min-uh-mahy] /ˈmɪn əˌmaɪ/ (Show IPA) 1. a creature or being that is the smallest or least significant. 2. Anatomy. the little finger or toe. Origin of minimus 1580-90; < New Latin, Latin: literally, smallest Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for minimus Expand Historical Examples Explorers of the Dawn Mazo de la Roche Jimmy says he thought there must he something the matter with Jones minimus, he was so gloomy. British Dictionary definitions for minimus Expand adjective 1. (immediately postpositive) (Brit) the youngest: sometimes used after the surname of a schoolboy having elder brothers at the same school: Hunt minimus Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for minimus Expand 1580s, from Latin minimus (plural minimi); see minim . Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


Which London park staged the 2012 Olympic equestrian events?

2012 Summer Olympics | The Equestrian News 2012 Summer Olympics By Staff Report June 27, 2012 Greenwich Park, site of the 2012 Summer Olympic equestrian events. The 2012 Summer Olympics take place July 27-Aug. 9 in London. The equestrian events ―eventing, dressage and show jumping―stage at Greenwich Park and begin with team and individual eventing on Saturday, July 28. Dressage and jumping follow, on Aug. 2 and Aug. 4 respectively. In total, 200 athletes and their horses will compete across the three disciplines in an attempt to win one of six gold medals and 14 silver and bronze medals on offer. The World Endurance Championship will take place on Aug. 25 at Euston Park in Suffolk, 90 miles from London. For a complete live schedule, click here . For further information about equestrians at the Olympics, visit the NBC site here . Short URL: http://theequestriannews.com/?p=11136


Which is the most northerly town in Britain directly connected to the national rail network?

Rail travel in Great Britain – Travel guide at Wikivoyage Structure[ edit ] The ownership and structure is complex, but you won't notice when making a journey, although it may be discussed in the media (complaints about the service feature sometimes in the news). The track, stations and infrastructure (except for preserved railways) are owned and maintained by Network Rail , a "not for dividend" company limited by guarantee and owned by the government. Basically this means the infrastructure is all state-owned. Trains to be run are specified by the government and operated by commercial train companies, known as Train operating companies (TOCs). These lease or own rolling stock to run the passenger services demanded in their franchise contracts. Companies compete to win franchises for a certain number of years. Their continued permission to operate, or ability to win extensions or future franchises, depends on factors including value-for-money, performance and customer satisfaction. Government officials and transport ministers play a heavy role in the process. The Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC) represents all the passenger train companies, and markets them collectively as National Rail. National Rail has inherited the iconic white-on-red "double-arrow" logo (see illustration) first used by British Rail, the former state-owned railway operator which was privatised in the 1990s (although the infrastructure was re-nationalised in the early 2000s). The iconic logo is used extensively to signify a railway station and on road signs, maps, tickets and other places. Passenger rail companies[ edit ] Some train operating companies cover a particular geographical region, while others operate inter-city lines which pass through various regions. As of June 2016, the National Rail network of passenger operating companies consists of the following companies. All are private commercial organisations (mostly subsidiaries of global transport companies like Arriva-Deutsche Bahn, First, Govia, Stagecoach and Virgin). Seeing Britain's railway heritage If you are interested in the role railways have played in British society, railway heritage, or just historic trains, a visit to the award-winning, free (and family-friendly) National Railway Museum at York is a must. Sited next to the station, it is the most popular national museum outside London and the many exhibits include the fastest-ever steam locomotive, Mallard, Queen Victoria's royal train, and the original Flying Scotsman. Historical background[ edit ] From the 1930s, streamlined locomotives of the 'A4' class such as Mallard symbolised a golden age of rail travel. Mallard is now at the National Railway Museum, York The world's first public railway opened between Stockton and Darlington in north-east England in 1825, marking the start of a railway-building boom. Most railways in Britain were built by private companies in search of profit; dozens of small companies ran local lines, merged and took over each other, as others entered the market. By the mid-19th century, these had grown into a national railway network. In the 1920s, the government decreed they all merge into the four large companies that are best known today: the Southern Railway, London and North-Eastern Railway (LNER), London, Midland & Scottish Railway (LMS) and the Great Western (GWR). What followed was a "golden age" of speed records, iconic locomotives such as Flying Scotsman and images of the train as an elegant yet everyday form of travel (you'll see modern train company names harking back to this golden age). Following World War 2, in which most of the infrastructure was worn down on war duties, damaged or destroyed by bombing raids, the government nationalised all railways in 1948. The resulting state-owned British Rail ran trains for nearly fifty years, during a time of change when steam was replaced by diesel and electric traction, large numbers of unprofitable and marginal lines were closed in the "Beeching Axe" as the age of the car arrived, line speeds increased, and the now-iconic double-arr


Shark Tank is the US version of which reality TV series?

Shark Tank (TV Series 2009– ) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Ambitious entrepreneurs present their breakthrough business concepts. Stars: A shark wants to invest 4 million in a business. 8.4 An artistic man hopes the sharks are interested in his cat drawing service. 8.4 The sharks hear pitches for a flavored mix-and-match lip balm. 8.4 a list of 31 titles created 21 Dec 2013 a list of 34 titles created 26 Dec 2014 a list of 21 titles created 18 Jan 2015 a list of 30 titles created 9 months ago a list of 36 titles created 3 months ago Search for " Shark Tank " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     3     Primetime Emmys. Another    6 wins & 19 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Shark Tank (TV Series 2015) Reality-TV Beyond the Tank (TV Series 2015) Reality-TV What happens after the deals on Shark Tank. Stars: Barbara Corcoran, Mark Cuban, Lori Greiner The Profit (TV Series 2013) Reality-TV Marcus Lemonis is a successful businessman who saves failing businesses with his knowledge and his own $2 million dollar fund. Stars: Jeffrey Crisp, Marcus Lemonis Dragons' Den (TV Series 2006) Game-Show | Reality-TV A group of business people listen to sales pitches and decide whether to finance their business or not. Stars: Jim Treliving, Dianne Buckner, Arlene Dickinson 8 August 2009 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Lago dos Tubarões See more  » Company Credits Kevin O'Leary is the only Shark to have appeared in every episode. See more » Quotes Written by Berry Gordy (as Berry Gordy, Jr.) and Janie Bradford Performed by Ricky Fante (as Ricky Fanté) Terrific Concept And Great Learning Tool 21 October 2012 | by zack_wall (United States) – See all my reviews As an entrepreneur myself, I've dealt with investors and VC's, and I can honestly say that the Sharks are a great representation of real-life. They come across as harsh, money-grubbing, and greedy most of the time. But the kicker is that in the world of investing, you have to be this way and more, or else you get railroaded by the guys willing to go the extra mile. Often times I feel the Sharks do a great job of rooting out the good businesses from the ones that likely will crash and burn. I've observed that they'll usually ask for a majority percentage in the company if the presenter is somebody who hasn't really proved themselves in the wide market. To me this is absolutely fair, because the return is that the presenter has the opportunity to work with a partner who's made millions or billions of dollars, and provides a wealth of knowledge and experience. In short, if you're a start-up or recent start-up, you might not want to go on this show, because you'll likely give up more of your company than you want to. If you have a tried and true product, and need extra cash to expand or market yourself, this is a great opportunity. For viewers with interests in business or who want to learn more about business, I highly recommend Shark Tank. It's educational, smart, creative, and ultimately worthy of your time. 36 of 39 people found this review helpful.  Was this review helpful to you? Yes


Which city links Haydn's symphony number 104 and Vaughan Williams' symphony number 2?

Symphony No 104 Haydn - Factbites Symphony No. 104 (Haydn) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 104 in D major was his last symphony. It was written and premiered in London in 1795, during the second of the composer's two visits to England. The symphony is nicknamed the "London Symphony," although this designation could in principle apply to any of Haydn's last twelve symphonies (i.e. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Symphony_No._104_(Haydn)   (250 words)   Pro Arte: Franz Joseph Haydn; Symphony No. 104   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Haydn made two extended trips to London in the 1790s, journeys that were successful in both financial and musical terms. The symphony was first heard on a concert given for Haydn's own benefit on May 4, 1795, where it attained an immediate and lasting success. In any case, the astonishingly rich contrapuntal treatments that Haydn developed for this figure aroused the highest pitch of enthusiasm when the work was premiered 200 years ago, and that enthusiasm has not waned in the intervening two centuries. www.proarte.org /notes/haydn1.htm   (402 words) Saint Louis Symphony Haydn composed nearly all of his operas for his longtime patron, Prince Nikolaus Esterházy, whose splendid estate near the present‑day border between Austria and Hungary included a theater in which both plays and operas were performed regularly. Haydn precedes the Allegro, which constitutes the main body of the first movement, with an introduction in slow tempo, a feature of all but one of the symphonies the composer wrote for England. Haydn ingeniously combines this theme with several subsidiary motifs during the course of the movement and closes his career as a symphonist on an appropriately jubilant note. www.slso.org /notes/10-23-2004.htm   (2619 words) CLASSICAL MUSIC ARCHIVES: Haydn Biography Haydn was warmly known as "Papa" by his orchestra at the Esterhazy Court where he worked for a good deal of his life, but he has become known as Papa Haydn to us all. Haydn was born in the town of Rohrau on the Austrian-Hungarian border in 1732, the son of a wagon maker. Haydn may or may not have invented the string quartet itself, but he consolidated the nascent tendencies of Rococco music into the modern sonata principle, and this became the vehicle for the most ambitious elevated musical thoughts well into the next century and even into our own. www.classicalarchives.com /bios/haydn_bio.html   (1327 words)   haydn surprise symphony   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Haydn was born in Rohrau, Austria in 1732 (the same year as George Washington) to a peasant family, a poor, but musical family. Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G major was composed in 1791. Haydn was well known for including jokes in his music, and the Surprise Symphony includes what is probably the... www.arizonausa.net /surprise/haydn-surprise-symphony.html   (292 words) The Symphony (Detailed Description) The earliest true symphonies were exponents of the so-called "galant" style that emerged in the period between the "high Baroque" and "Viennese Classicism." Chief composers of this period included Sammartini, and two of J. Bach's sons, C. Bach and Johann Christian Bach. Haydn's Symphony No. 104, his last symphony, reflects the consummate technical skill of an experienced master—mastery still melded with the fire and passion of youth. Mahler's symphonies are, in Greenberg's words, "philosophical tracts, spiritual musings, musical reflections on the great, unanswered questions." We focus on his Symphony no. 2 in C Minor ("Resurrection") of 1895. www.teach12.com /ttc/Assets/courseDescriptions/7210.asp   (1159 words) Essentials of Music - Composers Haydn is often referred to as "Papa" Haydn, and there is some justification for this. Although he did not invent either the symphony or the string quartet, he was a central figure in their development. His symphonies (especially the "Paris" and "London" sets) show a complete mastery of form and substance, setting the stage for the works of Mozart and Beethoven. www.essential


Ayers Rock (Uluru) in Australia is made of what type of rock?

Ayers Rock, Uluru - Crystalinks Ayers Rock Ayers Rock is also known by its Aboriginal name 'Uluru'. It is a sacred part of Aboriginal creation mythology, or dreamtime - reality being a dream. Uluru is considered one of the great wonders of the world and one of Australia's most recognizable natural icons. Uluru is a large magnetic mound large not unlike Silbury Hill in England. It is located on a major planetary grid point much like the Great Pyramid in Egypt. Ayers Rock is a large sandstone rock formation in central Australia, in the Northern Territory. It is located in Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, 350 km southwest of Alice Springs at 25 degrees 20' 41" S 131 degrees 01' 57" E. It is the second-largest monolith in the world (after Mount Augustus, also in Australia), more than 318 m (986 ft) high and 8 km (5 miles) around. It also extends 2.5 km (1.5 miles) into the ground. It was described by explorer Ernest Giles in 1872 as "the remarkable pebble".' Uluru is an inselberg, literally "island mountain", an isolated remnant left after the slow erosion of an original mountain range. Uluru is also often referred to as a monolith, although this is a somewhat ambiguous term because of its multiple meanings, and thus a word generally avoided by geologists. The remarkable feature of Uluru is its homogeneity and lack of jointing and parting at bedding surfaces, leading to the lack of development of scree slopes and soil. These characteristics led to its survival, while the surrounding rocks were eroded. For the purpose of mapping and describing the geological history of the area, geologists refer to the rock strata making up Uluru as the Mutitjulu Arkose, and it is one of many sedimentary formations filling the Amadeus Basin. Close Up Rain Age and Origin The Mutitjulu Arkose is believed to be of about the same age as the conglomerate at Kata Tjuta, and to have a similar origin despite the rock type being different, but it is younger than the rocks exposed to the east at Mount Conner, and unrelated to them. The strata at Uluru are nearly vertical, dipping to the south west at 85 degrees, and have an exposed thickness of at least 2,400 m (7,900 ft). The strata dip below the surrounding plain and no doubt extend well beyond Uluru in the subsurface, but the extent is not known. The rock was originally sand, deposited as part of an extensive alluvial fan that extended out from the ancestors of the Musgrave, Mann and Petermann Ranges to the south and west, but separate from a nearby fan that deposited the sand, pebbles and cobbles that now make up Kata Tjuta. The similar mineral composition of the Mutitjulu Arkose and the granite ranges to the south is now explained. The ancestors of the ranges to the south were once much larger than the eroded remnants we see today. They were thrust up during a mountain building episode referred to as the Petermann Orogeny that took place in late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian times (550-530 Ma), and thus the Mutitjulu Arkose is believed to have been deposited at about the same time. The arkose sandstone which makes up the formation is composed of grains that show little sorting based on grain size, exhibit very little rounding and the feldspars in the rock are relatively fresh in appearance. This lack of sorting and grain rounding is typical of arkosic sandstones and is indicative of relatively rapid erosion from the granites of the growing mountains to the south. The layers of sand were nearly horizontal when deposited, but were later tilted to their near vertical position during a later episode of mountain building, possibly the Alice Springs Orogeny of Palaeozoic age (400-300 Ma). Despite current estimates of the age of the geological formations that comprise Uluru, however, the arkose sandstone which makes up the formation is composed of grains that are many different sizes and are jagged, and the feldspars in the rock are fresh and shiny. Flood geologists argue that this indicates a comparatively fast deposit, on the order of only a few years or less. They state that if the arkose grains


"What single word completes the title of Marie Lloyd's famous music hall song ""She sits among the cabbages and . . . ""?"

Project MUSE - Eliot Among the Typists: Writing The Waste Land Eliot Among the Typists: In Memory of Donald Gallup (1913-2000), Bibliographer of T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound To students of twentieth-century modernism, 1971 was the year when Valerie Eliot published a facsimile edition of The Waste Land's pre-publication manuscripts. The event invited new accounts of the poem's genetics and fresh assessments of how those might bear on our understanding of the poem. 1 One year later Hugh Kenner and Grover Smith published two essays which, while differing sharply in premises and procedures, reached a consensus that Part III, "The Fire Sermon," was the earliest portion of the poem to have been written, probably around midsummer 1921, followed first by Parts I and II, then by IV and V, the latter completed in December 1921. 2 Their efforts were followed in 1977 by Lyndall Gordon's attempt at "Dating The Waste Land Fragments," a wide-ranging survey which addressed both the principal parts of The Waste Land and the various drafts and ancillary poems. 3 In the end, however, Gordon remained divided over the claims of two sharply incompatible hypotheses for dating the principal parts of The Waste Land, and concluded that the question was, at least for the present, "unresolved" ("DTWLF," 146). In 1979 there was still another consideration of the dating by Peter Barry. 4 Barry urged a complicated chronology which assigned priority to the first leaf in the typescript for Part I, a passage recounting a rowdy night on the town in Boston (assigned to April-May 1921), followed by all of Part III (September-October), then the rest of Part I and all of Part II (early November), and finally Parts IV [End Page 27] and V (November-December). Finally, in 1984, Ronald Bush offered a reading of the poem which echoed Smith's and Kenner's thesis assigning priority to Part III, and relied on Gordon's conjecture that a specific fragment, the one beginning "London, the swarming life," might date from as far back as 1918. 5 By 1985, however, debate had come to a standstill, and since then a lack of new evidence or argumentation has effectively put a halt to discussion. What had once seemed a new dawn has turned into a lunar landscape, with critics condemned to retracing the dusty tracks left by Kenner, Smith, Gordon, and Barry. At the same time, as Christine Froula has lately noted, more recent criticism has increasingly drawn upon the pre-publication manuscripts to offer "readings that cross easily between the 1921 and 1922 texts," despite lingering uncertainty about the date or status of virtually all the pre-publication manuscripts. 6 Indeed, as Froula's repeated references to "the 1921 manuscript" and "the 1921 text" indicate, the specificity of the pre-publication materials—their heft, their material and historical density—has been levelled by a process of abstraction into "text," or even "the 1921 text," that definite article urging a monolithic entity which jars against the experience of pondering the undated, disordered scraps that jostle one another in the facsimile edition. That experience inevitably raises a host of questions. Did one passage or fragment antedate the others and preserve the trace of an original program which had later dissolved? Were specific passages composed all at once or in discrete and discontinuous moments? Were the ancillary poems conceived as independent works or meant to form part of the poem's texture? Was the poem's composition a straightforward progress or did it entail more entangled loopings? If we are to address these, if we are to restore the specificity of the pre-publication materials and assess their bearing on critical understanding of The Waste Land, we must first return to the manuscripts themselves, revisiting the debates which ground to a halt in the mid-1980s. More concretely, we must resolve the vexing question concerning the priority of Parts I-II and Part III, a question that hinged on the identity of a mysteriously missing typewriter. Then, we must establish a chronology for the entire corpus of pr


Who won the Best Supporting Actress in 1991 for the film 'Ghost'?

Academy Awards, USA (1991) Academy Awards, USA Date: March 25 1991     Location: Los Angeles, California, USA Awards for 1991 Best Actor in a Leading Role WINNER Best Actress in a Leading Role WINNER Best Actor in a Supporting Role WINNER Best Actress in a Supporting Role WINNER Ghost : Whoopi Goldberg Over the weekend of February 2nd, 2002, the Oscar statuette "disappeared" from a sealed shipping container. Goldberg, via the Academy, had sent it back to the manufacturer of the statuettes, R.S. Owens Co. of Chicago, for cleaning and replating. Allegedly the statuette was found in a trash bin at Ontario, Calif., airport on Tuesday, 5 February. "Oscar will never leave my house again", Goldberg commented in a statement. NOMINEES Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen WINNER Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium WINNER Best Effects, Sound Effects Editing WINNER For the song "Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)". NOMINEES For the song "Somewhere in My Memory". Best Music, Original Score Best Short Film, Live Action WINNER Myrna Loy In recognition of her extraordinary qualities both on screen and off, with appreciation for a lifetime's worth of indelible performances. (Oscar statuette) - Myrna Loy was not present at the awards ceremony. She gave her acceptance speech live via satellite from her Manhattan appartment. Medal of Commendation WINNER Roderick T. Ryan, Geoffrey Williamson In appreciation for outstanding service and dedication in upholding the high standards of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award WINNERS WINNER (Eastman Kodak) For the development of T-grain technology and the introduction of EXR color negative films which utilize this technology. Scientific and Engineering Award Bruce Wilton (Mechanical Concepts, Inc.), Carlos Icinkoff (Mechanical Concepts, Inc.) For the development of the Mechanical Concepts optical printer platform. (Engineering Dept. of Arnold and Richter (ARRI)) For the continuing design improvements of the Arriflex BL Camera System, culminating in the 35BL-4S model. (Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) For the development and introduction of the F-Series of color negative films covering the range of film speeds from EI 64 to EI 500. Technical Achievement Award William L. Blowers (Belco Associates, Inc.), Thomas F. Denove (Belco Associates, Inc.) For the development and manufacture of the Belco Denove Cinemeter. Iain Neil, Takuo Miyagishima (Panavision, Inc.) For the optical design (Neil), the mechanical design (Miyagishima) and for the concept and development (Panavision) of the Primo Series of spherical prime lenses for 35mm cinematography. Manfred G. Michelson (Technical Film Systems, Inc.) For the design and development of the first sprocket-driven film transport systemfor color print film processors which permits transport speeds in excess of 600 feet per minute. John W. Lang (Bell and Howell Company), Walter Hrastnik (Bell and Howell Company), Charles J. Watson (Bell and Howell Company) For the development and manufacture of a modular continuous contact motion picture film printer. Christopher Gilman (Diligent Dwarves Effects Lab), Harvey Hubert Jr. (Diligent Dwarves Effects Lab) For the development of the Actor Climate System, consisting of heat-transferring undergarments. Jim Graves (J and G Enterprises) For the development of the Cool Suit System, consisting of heat-transferring undergarments. Bengt O. Orhall (AB Film-Teknik), Kenneth Lund (AB Film-Teknik), Bjorn Selin (AB Film-Teknik), Kjell Högberg (AB Film-Teknik) For the development and manufacture of the Mark IV film subtitling processor, which has increased the speed, simplified the operation, and improved the quality of subtitling.


Which Cambridgeshire town shares its name with a month of the year?

BBC Local Live: Cambridgeshire on Tuesday, 8 March 2016 - BBC News BBC News 8 Mar 20168 Mar 2016 Got a TV Licence? You need one to watch live TV on any channel or device, and BBC programmes on iPlayer. It’s the law. An ambulance crashes with a car on Newmarket Road, Cambridge Planning committee to decide on development near A1 More news, sport, travel and weather from 08:00 on Wednesday Live Reporting All times stated are UK Get involved That's all from Cambridgeshire Live Posted at 18:00 8 Mar We'll be back tomorrow with the latest news, sport, weather and travel updates for the county, between 08:00 and 18:00. And remember, you can contact us any time via  email ,  Facebook International Women's Day: Rules for 1909 suffragettes game Posted at 17:41 8 Mar has marked International Women's Day by revealing this curiosity from its collection - the rules of a 1909 game pitching suffragettes against police.   Cambridge University Library The idea of the "original and interesting" game is for the player controlling the suffragettes to pass police lines and gain access to the House of Commons. You can read more about the the women's suffrage movement here . Share Appeal for witnesses after rape Mariam Issimdar Police are appealing for witnesses  after a woman was raped in March.  A woman in her 30s was walking home from a friend's house at around 20:30 on Sunday in an area known locally as the BMX Park, when she stopped and asked a man for directions.  The 18-year-old white man is said to have then raped her before running away when a group of people appeared.  Share Weather: Heavy rain arriving overnight, persisting tomorrow Alex Dolan BBC Look East weather Posted at 17:17 8 Mar It will be cloudy with outbreaks of patchy rain or drizzle for much of the night before persistent, heavy rain starts to spread in from the west during the early hours.  BBC Minimum temperature: 4C (39F). For a more detailed forecast for where you live head to BBC Weather . Share Headlines: Police appeal for witnesses in March rape investigation...Postal woes prompt village name change Emma Maclean Posted at 17:14 8 Mar If you're just joining us here are the headlines in Cambridgeshire this evening: Police investigating a report of a rape in a March park are appealing for witnesses Tributes after Cambridge University Girton College student dies in fall Residents of Fenland village vote for name change after postal woes Share Police appeal for witnesses after violent attacks in Peterborough Mark Williamson Posted at 17:11 8 Mar Police are appealing for witnesses following two violent incidents in Peterborough last night. A man in his 20s received "serious, but not life threatening" injuries after being attacked by a group of up to 10 people in Springnall, Bretton. In a separate incident, a man in his 40s received minor injuries after being assaulted by three or four men in Paston, at about 22:30.  Share Village changes names after postal woes Posted at 17:05 8 Mar Newton, near Wisbech, is reverting to its original name Newton in the Isle. The  parish council says  it's "to set us apart" from the other 40 or so Newtons. BBC About 80% of residents of the village, which has a population of about 600, voted to go back to the old name. Share Six Iraqi nationals found in lorry in Chatteris Emma Maclean BBC Radio Cambridgeshire Posted at 16:56 8 Mar Five men and a woman were found in the back of a lorry in Chatteris this afternoon. Police stopped the vehicle in New Road at 13:08. The six Iraqi nationals were taken into custody at King's Lynn Police Investigation Centre and will be handed over to immigration services. Share Tributes paid to 'exceptional' Cambridge Student Mark Williamson BBC Local Live Posted at 16:48 8 Mar Tributes have been paid to "exceptional" Cambridge University student Thomas Millward, who died following a fall at  Girton College on Sunday . Thomas was an exceptional young man, warm and affectionate with everyone he met, always respectful and polite. Gifted both academically and in his sporting abilities, he excelled in everything that


Who was the first female president of the Republic of Ireland, elected in 1990?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 8 | 1990: Ireland elects first woman president 1990: Ireland elects first woman president Voters in the Republic of Ireland have chosen their first female president. Unofficial returns suggest that Mary Robinson, who is standing as an independent, took nearly 40% of the vote in the first round. Ireland's system of proportional representation means the result will not be confirmed until tomorrow. But Mrs Robinson's performance in the first round means it is now impossible for anybody else to win. Senior sources in the camp of her main opponent, former deputy prime minister, Brian Lenihan, have already conceded victory to Mrs Robinson. It is the first time in 70 years that a presidential candidate put up by Mr Lenihan's party, Fianna Fail, has been defeated. Mrs Robinson, a Dublin barrister, is considered radical by Irish terms. A civil and human rights lawyer, she has campaigned for the liberalisation of laws prohibiting divorce and abortion for more than 20 years. However, she not only won the support of women countrywide but also polled well in traditionally conservative rural areas. The mother-of-three has been a member of the Irish Senate for more than 20 years. She twice ran unsuccessfully for parliament as a Labour candidate. But five years ago she resigned from the Irish Labour party over the Anglo-Irish agreement because she felt unionists in Northern Ireland had not been consulted.


Which animal features on the Coat of Arms of Berlin?

The Bear- the symbol of Berlin | Berlin: A Divided City Berlin: A Divided City Willkommen in unserem Blog. genießen! Menu bears Berlin buddy bears mascot Berlin’s founding date is set at 1237 because that is the earliest documentary evidence that exists for the city (a handwritten document naming a bishop of Cölln). The earliest city seal in existence from 1253 didn’t feature  a bear but an eagle, which was the symbol of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, an important principality of the Holy Roman Empire that included Berlin. Then in 1280, a second city seal appeared with the Brandenburg eagle flanked by two standing bears. When Cölln and Berlin were officially merged into one city in 1709, the coat of arms featured the bear with a neck band below two eagles -red for Brandenburg and black for Prussia. By 1875, the bear had lost the neckband and gained a wall-crown, signifying Berlin’s status as a free city. But none of this explains why a bear? Unfortunately, a fire in 1380 destroyed all the documents that could have definitively answered this question -but there are some interesting theories. One is that the bear was chosen in homage to Albrecht the Bear, founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1157. This would have been about the time that Berlin was first settled, but then why did the first city seal feature the Brandenburg eagle and not a bear? The settlement was probably not important enough at that time to get its own mascot. Another theory is that the bear was chosen to create a canting or singing arms, because the German word “Bär” (bear) sounds phonetically similar to the first syllable of Berlin. But linguists have shot down this theory having found no etymological connections between the two words. In fact, Berlin was settled by Slavs so the prefix “Ber” may have nothing to do with German. There is however an old-Slavic word “berli” that describes a rigid net submerged in the water to catch swarms of fish. It could be that the first settlers built plenty of berlis in the Spree, and that they themselves became known to others as the “Berline,” thus spawning the name Berlin. While the latter seems the most plausible origin of the name, it doesn’t explain the connection to the bear. Whatever the reason, the Berlin Bear remains. The bear pit behind the museum was built as a present to the people of Berlin on the city’s 700th birthday. Today’s coat of arms still has these features. The Bear still stands proud as the city symbol and mascot, and appears on its flag. There are living “city bears” in the middle of the city, in Köllnischen Park. They live in what is called “the bear pit” (Bärenzwinger). The Buddy Bears The story of the Buddy Bears started with an artistic event in Berlin in 2001. Inspired by the idea of bringing art in the streets of a metropolis like the cow parade in Zurich and New York, the initiators of the Buddy Bears, Klaus und Eva Herlitz, decided to start a street art project in Berlin. It was quickly agreed that a bear would be the ideal sculpture for the backdrops of the German metropolis. The bear – Berlin’s heraldic animal with a high level of public appeal – was envisaged to capture the hearts of Berliners and their guests in various different designs. Two master students of the famous Berlin University of the Arts realised the first Buddy Bear. Anne and Roman Strobel – two friends of the Herlitz family – designed the siblings of the first Buddy Bear. Only a few months later, the initial Buddy Bear was ready for the first public appearance in Berlin. A new Berlin star was born!  And the story began – a story  nowadays travelling around the world! Over the following weeks, more than 100 bears were created. As from 20th June 2001, they were presented in different locations all over the city. The project was a great success that we mainly owe to the fantastic artists who gave each individual bear a unique identity. The bears were visible all over Berlin, attracting thousands of delighted looks. Nowadays, the bears have become an integral part of Berlin’s cityscape and travel around the worl


Which house did Harry Potter belong to in Hogwarts School?

Hogwarts Houses | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia — Albus Dumbledore [src] It seems that the Sorting Hat tended to place students based on qualities they valued rather than qualities they exhibited. This was never more apparent than with Peter Pettigrew , who was sorted into Gryffindor but ultimately turned out to be quite cowardly, self-serving and corruptible. He was probably placed there because at the time, he admired strong, brave individuals like James Potter and Sirius Black . It is also evident in Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle , who despite being stupid and rather lazy, were placed in Slytherin , the house of the clever and ambitious. They flocked around Draco Malfoy , who they admired and who exhibited the traits of Slytherin. The Sorting Hat could detect nascent qualities in a student and place them in the House that would challenge them and put their character to the test. Case in point, Neville Longbottom was sorted into Gryffindor because the Hat sensed that he was capable of demonstrating bravery and leadership during his time at Hogwarts. However, these qualities did not fully surface until Neville learned to believe in himself. The Hat also appeared to take the students' wishes into account, considering how one's personal choices are very much of a reflection of the qualities that they valued in themselves. Just because someone was placed in a certain House did not mean that they could not display characteristics of other Houses. Harry Potter , for instance, embodied many of the traits that were appreciated by Salazar Slytherin . He was clever, resourceful and cunning, yet the Sorting Hat made him a Gryffindor because the very fact that he asked not to be in Slytherin showed that he did not belong there. A true Slytherin would not have had any doubts about whether or not it was the right House for them. One of the biggest examples of this was Severus Snape . At one point, Albus Dumbledore observed that his loyal, courageous nature was much more befitted to Gryffindor . However, as a child, Snape's sadism, disdain for Muggles, and sheer cunning and ambition made him an obvious Slytherin when he first came to Hogwarts. House dynamics The four houses are rather separate entities. Each has its own common room and dormitory, its own table in the Great Hall , and students mostly share lessons with classmates of their same house. There is no rule against students from different houses mingling, but in practise a good majority of social interactions occur within the same house. Each house had one teacher who acted as its Head of House. Each house also had a house ghost. The function they serve (if any) is unknown, although they might be like house mascots. Each Head of House and house ghost was previously a pupil within that house. A great deal of rivalry exists between the houses, not always friendly. This rivalry was demonstrated in the Quidditch matches and the annual school competition for the House Cup, which was determined by the number of points earned or lost by each member of the rival houses. These points were awarded or taken based on students' conduct throughout the school year. All members of the faculty and the Head Boy and Girl have the authority to grant and deduct points as they see fit in each instance. [1] Some, like Severus Snape , the former Potions master , tended to favour their own house, but that does not seem to be against the rules. He was despised by many students, other than those in Slytherin, where he was very popular. It was not known how much favouritism the Hufflepuff and Ravenclaw Heads showed, although it can be deduced that it was minimal or non-existent, as both Professor Filius Flitwick (of Ravenclaw) and Professor Pomona Sprout (Hufflepuff) were kind, lighthearted people, who obviously wanted to win the House and Quidditch Cups but were not as vindictive as Snape in going about it. It is known that Professor Minerva McGonagall , the stern head of Gryffindor, did not show much favouritism towards her house. In fact, she deducted 50 points apiece and awarded de


"The name of what type of pasta means ""little tongues"" in Italian?"

Pasta Names and Shapes... Explained! Home » All Articles » Food & Wine » Pasta Names and Shapes… Explained! Pasta Names and Shapes… Explained! Farfalle, or "butterfly," pasta Orecchiette, an interestingly-shaped pasta from Puglia, gives away its shape with its Italian name… Ever wanted to learn how to make your own delicious pasta from an expert Italian chef? We’d love to teach you in Rome with our ever-popular pasta-making class ! Bucatini, spaghetti, tortellini, rigatoni: There are hundreds of kinds of Italian pastas, and each one has its own, special name. That’s pretty confusing… but it’s also fun! We’ve said many times before that Italian food is regional (in fact, there’s no such thing as “Italian food”). Pasta is a major part of that. Local kinds of pasta in Tuscany differ from those in Rome, Milan, or Puglia. For us, though, one of the really fun things about Italian pasta—and the names of Italian pastas—are that each pasta name actually means something. Usually, in fact, the name gives away the shape of the pasta itself. Want proof? Here are just some of our favorite pastas, and what their names mean in Italian! Bucatini all’amatriciana, a popular dish in Rome Bucatini: One of the most popular kinds of pasta in Rome, bucatini look like thick spaghetti—but they have a tiny hole in the middle. (Think of a Twizzler!). What does bucatini mean? “Little holes!”. (Buco means hole, while adding an –ino, or –ini for plural, means “small”). Cannelloni: These big tubes of pasta (usually stuffed and popped in the oven) are named after, well, “big tubes.” (Adding -one, or –oni for plural, means “big”). Farfalle, or “butterfly,” pasta Farfalle: This pasta might have the prettiest name of them all… “butterflies”! Hence the shape—of a bow tie, or (more creatively) a butterfly. Fettuccine: This flat, ribbon-shaped pasta is named after, you guessed it, “little ribbons.” Fusilli pasta might just be named after… rifles! Fusilli: This pasta is thought to come from the word “fucile,” or “rifle”. Makes sense because fusilli are spiral-shaped… as is the inside barrel of a gun. Linguine: This flattened, long pasta is named after “little tongues” (tongues: lingue, and the -in makes them “small”). Orecchiette: This pasta, unique to the region of Puglia, means “little ears.” Sure enough, it’s an ear-shaped pasta. Penne: An easy one, penne means “pens.” Next time you have a bowl of penne, check it out: The end of each piece of penne is similar to the tip of a fountain pen. Spaghetti: Spaghi are “twines”; an -ett makes them small, so these are “little twines.” Perfect, right? Strozzapreti pasta Strozzapreti: From central Italy, especially Emilia-Romagna, Umbria and Tuscany, this pasta might have the strangest name of them all: “priest-strangler.” No one’s exactly sure where the name comes from. Some think it’s because priests loved the pasta so much, they ate too quickly and choked. Vermicelli: In Italy, this is a tubular pasta that’s a little thicker than spaghetti. The name means “little worms.” Sounds gross—but, of course, tastes great! (Check out the video below to learn how to make carbonara, a classic Roman pasta, from scratch!). What’s your favorite pasta—or pasta name? Tell us in the comments!


In football, Emlyn Hughes joined Liverpool and Alan Ball joined Everton from which club?

BBC - Liverpool - Sport    -    Emlyn Hughes dies You are in: Liverpool > Sport > Football > Liverpool FC > Emlyn Hughes dies Emlyn Hughes dies by Helen Brown Emlyn Hughes, the former Liverpool captain, has died aged 57. He'd been suffering from cancer. Former Liverpool and England captain Emlyn Hughes was one of the most successful footballers of his generation. Raising the European Cup He was nicknamed the Crazy Horse during his thirteen year spell with the Reds; during his time at Anfield he won five league titles, two European Cups, one FA Cup and two UEFA Cups, was awarded the OBE in 1980 and won 62 caps for his country. He was born in Barrow-in-Furness on August 28, 1947 and began his footballing career at Barrow before moving to Blackpool. Bill Shankly signed the 19-year-old Hughes in 1967 for £65,000 and told the press that one day the player would captain England. He became Liverpool captain in 1973, taking over from Tommy Smith and his years at Anfield were the most successful in the club’s history. Hughes twice lifted the European Cup, first in Rome in 1977, then at Wembley in 1978. He later said: “To lift the European Cup again was very special. That is something very few people get to do.” Hugging manager Bill Shankly He eventually made 650 appearances for the Reds and captained his country 23 times, being named Footballer of the Year in 1977, and could play full back, centre back and midfield. He left Liverpool in 1979 to join Wolverhampton Wanderers for £90,000 and with them won the League Cup – the only piece of silverware to have eluded him at Anfield. He then played for Hull City, Mansfield Town and Swansea before a relatively unsuccessful spell as manager of Rotherham. He retired from football altogether in 1983 and went on to enjoy a successful television career, appearing as a captain alongside Bill Beaumont on the BBC’s A Question of Sport and on the TV show Sporting Triangles. He also had a passion for horses and was a regular at race meets. Crazy Horse in action His later years were spent living in Yorkshire, living in a quiet cul-de-sac just outside Sheffield, and it was there he collapsed. He was diagnosed with a cancerous brain tumour in August 2003 and, after an operation to remove as much of the tumour as possible, began chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In February 2004 he escorted his daughter, Emma, down the aisle when she got married to David Stones in St Paul’s cathedral in London.  In an interview in March 2004, Hughes said: 'The doctors have said to me: "Emlyn, go about your life as if nothing's happened". I can't drink on chemo, but when I'm off the tablets I will be able to have a pint and go out for a good meal. I've been waiting for somebody to say: "Jesus, Hughesy, you look rough", but they don't. They're more likely to say: "You're kidding, there's nothing wrong with you". It's still a horrible, horrible thing, but you don't need to die now. You can fight it.' Emlyn leaves a wife, Barbara, and two children. last updated: 10/11/04


The layer of the ionosphere which reflects radio waves is named after which English physicist?

E. V. Appleton | Article about E. V. Appleton by The Free Dictionary E. V. Appleton | Article about E. V. Appleton by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/E.+V.+Appleton (redirected from E. V. Appleton) Also found in: Wikipedia . Appleton, Edward Victor   Born Sept. 6, 1892, in Bradford, Yorkshire; died Apr. 21, 1965, in Edinburgh. British physicist. Fellow of the Royal Society of London (1927). Appleton graduated from Cambridge University in 1914. He was a professor at the University of London from 1924 to 1936 and at Cambridge University from 1936 to 1939. From 1939 to 1949, he was the permanent secretary of Great Britain’s Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. In 1949 he was appointed principal and vice-chancellor of the University of Edinburgh. Appleton’s main works dealt with radio physics and geophysics. In 1924, simultaneously with the American physicist S. Barnett, Appleton discovered experimentally a conducting layer of the ionosphere that reflects radio waves and whose existence had been predicted earlier by A. E. Kennelly and O. Heaviside; the layer is now known as the E layer, or Heaviside layer. In 1927, Appleton discovered a second, higher reflecting layer, which was first named the Appleton layer but later called the F1 and F2 layers; the F2 layer is now also referred to as the Appleton layer. Appleton showed that radio waves reflected by the Heaviside and Appleton layers are elliptically polarized; he calculated the reflection coefficient and electron density in the layers. He developed a theory of ionospheric dispersion and birefringence and showed that both auroras and the conductivity of the upper layers of the ionosphere are associated with solar activity. He also wrote works on radar. In 1947, Appleton received a Nobel Prize for his work in the study of the ionosphere. REFERENCES


Only two horses beat Red Rum in the Grand National - L'Escargot and which other?

Red Rum: The Horse who Saved the Grand National. | Horse Canada Red Rum: The Horse who Saved the Grand National. | 2 comments Red Rum was a favourite everywhere he went. The life of a horse with a chronic bone disease called pedal osteitis and that of a man from humble beginnings crossed paths and joined forces 40 years ago. In doing so they helped ward off the possible demise of the most famous steeplechase in history, the Grand National held at Aintree, England. To add to the rags to riches story is that they made racing history along the way. Known as, “the ultimate test of a horse’s courage,” The Grand National is an often criticized race that asks horses to jump 30 fences over two circuits of the course that is 4 miles 3.5 furlongs (7141 metres) in length on Aintree’s National course. The jumps are bigger than those at conventional national race meets and include the infamous Becher’s Brook, and the Chair, this latter jump and the water jump being jumped only once. The race, that was first run officially in 1839, had actually started three years earlier and the prize money was a few sovereigns. Jump to 2014 and the prize money totalled 1 million pounds or $1703450.00 US dollars. However, despite the history of this challenging race, the 1970s were not a good decade for the race meet due to various issues surrounding course ownership, waning interest in racing thanks to high entrance fees and other factors. Our story starts off with a man called Donald McCain – later called Ginger – who watched his first Grand National as a boy in 1940 at ten years of age. Later he recalled that,” To a young boy it seemed like the whole world had turned up…it made a big impression on me and ended up changing my life in ways I could never have dreamed of.” In the 1950’s McCain began to ride out racehorses for a trainer in Tarporley named Frank Speakman. Later McCain would drive a taxi, run a car showroom, train horses under permit and finally in 1969, train them under license. One of his cab fares was a billionaire in the winter of his life called Noel La Mare and he, like McCain, had been taken in by the racing game and the excitement it offered. He and Ginger saw that they were kindred spirits with a common racing goal and dream and McCain was asked to buy a racehorse for La Mare. In 1972, McCain bought Red Rum, born May 3, 1965, and later affectionately called “Rummy” for 6,000 guineas at the Doncaster sales. The horse was bred to win one-mile races but won his National titles over the longest distance, four miles and four furlongs. He was passed around from one trainer to another until McCain took a chance on the horse. Sadly, the horse hobbled out of his stall just the next day and hopes were dashed. However, the lack of good exercising space in Southport was a blessing in disguise and McCain took to galloping the horse on the sandy beaches near his business. McCain had noticed, even as a child, how the bracing sea water and sandy surface of beaches helped to keep the shrimp horses sound with sturdy, tight legs. Would this also help Red Rum who suffered from pedal osteitis, an inflammatory conditional of the pedal bone? Overtime, the horse improved and Red Rum was ready to race. Red Rum in the bracing sea water on the beaches. In the 1973 Grand National at the age of eight, Red Rum ran a race that stills burns in the memories of those who were there: Another horse Crisp looked like the victory would be his as he ran 15 lengths ahead at the last fence. But Red Rum was determined and he wore down the horse and won in the last moments by three quarters of a length, setting a race record at that time. In the 1974 season, Red Rum was a force to be reckoned with and the public had found a new hero and horse to love which was a blessing. Race attendance numbers had fallen sharply in the 1970s as the new owner of the course, Bill Davies had trebled the entrance price for spectators and many felt the race course and indeed, the famous Grand National were in trouble. Ladbrokes the bookmaker stepped up and offered to run the course and the


Cassis is a syrup made from which fruit?

Torani Cassis Syrup | Currants are berries, closely related to the gooseberry, they are popularly used to make cassis, a black currant liqueur. This syrup has a distinctive berry fragrance and intense flavor. It works well in cocktails, sodas and even marinades. When Will I Receive My Order? Cassis Syrup Currants are berries, closely related to the gooseberry, they are popularly used to make cassis, a black currant liqueur. This syrup has a distinctive berry fragrance and intense flavor. It works well in cocktails, sodas and even marinades. 750 ml Glass Bottle 3-Pack (3 x 750 ml bottle) $7.66 per bottle - SAVE $1.00! $22.97 12-Pack (12 x 750 ml bottle) $7.29 per bottle - SAVE $8.40! $87.48 Add a Convenient Dispensing Pump - For use with 750 ml bottle 1 pump $2.99 The 750 ml syrup is sold in the same premium glass bottles used at your favorite cafe, restaurant or bar. Our NEW 375 ml size is sold in a plastic bottle for easier handling and less breakage. It als includes a pour spout.


Which Birmingham-based pop group had the first record played on BBC Radio One (`Flowers in the Rain') and evolved into the Electric Light Orchestra?

BBC Radio 1 : definition of BBC Radio 1 and synonyms of BBC Radio 1 (English)   History   First broadcast Radio 1 was established in 1967 (along with its somewhat more adult-oriented counterpart, BBC Radio 2 ) as a successor to the BBC Light Programme , which had broadcast popular music and other entertainment since 1945. Radio 1 was conceived as a direct response to the popularity of offshore pirate radio stations such as Radio Caroline , which had been outlawed by Act of Parliament. [3] Radio 1 was launched at 7:00am on Saturday 30 September 1967. The first DJ to broadcast on the new station was Tony Blackburn , whose cheery style, first heard on Radio Caroline and Radio London , won him the prime slot on what became known as the "Radio 1 Breakfast Show" (although its original formal title, as shown in the Radio Times was Daily Disc Delivery, while Blackburn himself referred to it eponymously as the Tony Blackburn Show). The first words on Radio 1 – after a "countdown" by the Controller of Radios 1 and 2 , Robin Scott, and a jingle, recorded at PAMS in Dallas , Texas , beginning "The voice of Radio 1" – were "... And, good morning everyone. Welcome to the exciting new sound of Radio 1". This was the first use of US-style jingles on BBC radio, but the style was familiar to listeners who were acquainted with Blackburn and other DJs from their days on pirate radio. The first complete record played on Radio 1 was " Flowers in the Rain " by The Move (although technically the first music played was "Theme One" by George Martin leading into part of "Beefeaters (On Parade)" by Johnny Dankworth , Blackburn's signature tune carried over from pirate radio). The second single was " Massachusetts " by The Bee Gees . The breakfast show remains the most prized slot in the Radio 1 schedule, with every change of breakfast show presenter exciting considerable media interest. [4] The initial rota of staff included John Peel (who remained with the station until his death in October 2004) and a gaggle of others, some hired from pirates, such as Keith Skues , Ed Stewart , Mike Raven , David Ryder, Jim Fisher, Jimmy Young , Dave Cash , Kenny Everett , Simon Dee , Terry Wogan , Duncan Johnson, Doug Crawford, Tommy Vance , Chris Denning , Emperor Rosko , Pete Murray , and Bob Holness . Many of the most popular pirate radio voices, such as Simon Dee, had only a one-hour slot per week, ("Midday Spin.") [5] Annie Nightingale , who joined in 1970, was effectively Britain's first female DJ and is now the longest serving presenter, having constantly evolved her musical tastes with the times. [6]   1970s peak I want to slag off all the people in charge of radio stations. Firstly, Radio One. They outlawed the pirates and then didn't, as they promised, cater for the market the pirates created. Radio One and Two, most afternoons, run concurrently and the whole thing has slid right back to where it was before the pirates happened. They've totally fucked it. There's no radio station for young people any more. It's all down to housewives and trendies in Islington. They're killing the country by having that play list monopoly. — Joe Strummer [7] Initially, the station was unpopular with some of its target audience who, it is claimed, disliked the fact that much of its airtime was shared with Radio 2 and that it was less unequivocally aimed at a young audience than the offshore stations, with some DJs such as Jimmy Young being in their 40s. The very fact that it was part of an "establishment" institution such as the BBC was a turn-off for some, and needle time restrictions prevented it from playing as many records as offshore stations had. It also had limited finances (partially because the BBC did not increase its licence fee to fund the new station) and often, as in January 1975, suffered disproportionately when the BBC had to make financial cutbacks, strengthening an impression that it was regarded as a lower priority by senior BBC executives. Despite this, it gained massive audiences, becoming the most listened to station in the world with audiences of o


In which film of the early 1940s were the main supporting characters Ilsa Lund, Victor Laszlo and Captain Louis Renault?

Casablanca (1942) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC In Casablanca, Morocco in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate meets a former lover, with unforeseen complications. Director: a list of 21 titles created 18 Sep 2012 a list of 28 titles created 05 Feb 2013 a list of 32 titles created 03 Mar 2013 a list of 27 titles created 4 months ago a list of 49 titles created 1 month ago Search for " Casablanca " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     3     Oscars. Another    4 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. Director: Orson Welles A Phoenix secretary embezzles $40,000 from her employer's client, goes on the run, and checks into a remote motel run by a young man under the domination of his mother. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A wheelchair-bound photographer spies on his neighbours from his apartment window and becomes convinced one of them has committed murder. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A hapless New York advertising executive is mistaken for a government agent by a group of foreign spies, and is pursued across the country while he looks for a way to survive. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. Director: Milos Forman A San Francisco detective suffering from acrophobia investigates the strange activities of an old friend's wife, all the while becoming dangerously obsessed with her. Director: Alfred Hitchcock Directors: Victor Fleming, George Cukor, and 1 more credit  » Stars: Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, Thomas Mitchell A jury holdout attempts to prevent a miscarriage of justice by forcing his colleagues to reconsider the evidence. Director: Sidney Lumet When an open-minded Jewish librarian and his son become victims of the Holocaust, he uses a perfect mixture of will, humor and imagination to protect his son from the dangers around their camp. Director: Roberto Benigni An insane general triggers a path to nuclear holocaust that a war room full of politicians and generals frantically try to stop. Director: Stanley Kubrick A hack screenwriter writes a screenplay for a former silent-film star who has faded into Hollywood obscurity. Director: Billy Wilder A bounty hunting scam joins two men in an uneasy alliance against a third in a race to find a fortune in gold buried in a remote cemetery. Director: Sergio Leone Edit Storyline In World War II Casablanca, Rick Blaine, exiled American and former freedom fighter, runs the most popular nightspot in town. The cynical lone wolf Blaine comes into the possession of two valuable letters of transit. When Nazi Major Strasser arrives in Casablanca, the sycophantic police Captain Renault does what he can to please him, including detaining a Czechoslovak underground leader Victor Laszlo. Much to Rick's surprise, Lazslo arrives with Ilsa, Rick's one time love. Rick is very bitter towards Ilsa, who ran out on him in Paris, but when he learns she had good reason to, they plan to run off together again using the letters of transit. Well, that was their original plan.... Written by Gary Jackson <garyjack5@cogeco.ca> See All (148)  » Taglines: As big and timely a picture as ever you've seen! You can tell by the cast it's important! gripping! big! See more  » Genres: Rated PG for mild violence | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 23 January 1943 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Everybody Comes to Rick's See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The French dialogue between Yvonne and the French officer translates as: French Off


On which island is the mountain Adam's Peak?

Adam's Peak Adam's Peak Adam’s Peak, Sri Lanka Jutting sharply skyward from the lush jungles of southwestern Sri Lanka is the 7362 foot (2243 meter) peak of Sri Pada, the 'Holy Footprint'. Also called Adam's Peak, the mountain has the unique distinction of being sacred to the followers of four of the world's major religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. Long before the development of these religions, however, the mountain was worshipped by the aboriginal inhabitants of Sri Lanka, the Veddas. Their name for the peak was Samanala Kanda; Saman being one of the four guardian deities of the island. For Hindus, the name of the mountain is Sivan Adi Padham, because it was the world-creative dance of the god Shiva that left the giant footprint (5 feet 7 inches by 2 feet 6 inches). According to Buddhist traditions from as early as 300 BC, the real print is actually beneath this larger marking. Imprinted on a huge sapphire, it was left by the Buddha during the third and final of his legendary visits to Sri Lanka. When Portuguese Christians came to the island in the 16th century they claimed the impression to be the footprint of St. Thomas who, according to legend, first brought Christianity to Sri Lanka. And finally, the Arabs record it as being the solitary footprint of Adam where he stood for a thousand years of penance on one foot. An Arab tradition tells that when Adam was expelled from heaven, God put him on the peak to make the shock less terrible - Ceylon being that place on earth closest to and most like heaven. The mountain is more easily seen from the sea than from land, and also more impressive. Early Arab seafarers fascinated with the pyramidal peak wrote of it as "the highest mountain in the world" (it is not even the highest in Sri Lanka), and "visible from three days sail". The ancient Sinhalese also believed it to be of great height and a native legend tells "from Seyllan to Paradise is forty miles, and the sound of the fountains of Paradise is heard here". Visited by many early world travelers, among them the Arab Ibn Batuta (1304-1368) and the Venetian Marco Polo (1254-1324), Adam's Peak attained a legendary status as a mystic pilgrimage destination. Today the pilgrimage season commences in December and continues until the beginning of the monsoon rains in April (from May to October the mountain is obscurred by clouds). Certain parts of the path leading up the mountain are extremely steep and the climbing chains secured in these sections are said to have been placed by Alexander the Great (365-323 BC), though there is no evidence that he made it this far south on his Asia travels. Atop the peak is an oblong platform (74 x 24 feet) where stands a small Buddhist temple and the shrine of Saman with the strange footprint. Votive offerings are made here, especially of a coil of silver as long as the donor is tall, for recovery from sickness; and rain-water taken from the footprint is known to have a wonderful healing power. Adam's Peak is also called Samanalakande or the 'butterfly mountain' because of the myriads of small butterflies that fly from all over the island to die upon the sacred mountain. A Buddhist monk venerating the Holy Footprint on Adam's Peak, Sri Lanka


Which Dickens character was the illegitimate child of Edwin Leeford and Agnes Fleming?

Character List Character List    Bookmark this page    Manage My Reading List Oliver Twist Son of Edwin Leeford and Agnes Fleming, he is thought to be an orphan. A dear, grateful, gentle child, who "instead of possessing too little feeling, possessed rather too much." He had not learned "that self-preservation is the first law of nature." Sally Thingummy An old pauper woman who is an inmate of the workhouse and later dies there. She attends at Oliver's birth, "rendered rather misty by an unwonted allowance of beer." Agnes Fleming Oliver's mother; the daughter of a retired naval officer. "She was found dying in the street . . . but where she came from, or where she was going to, nobody knows." Mrs. Mann An elderly woman who conducts an infant farm (the then equivalent of a foster home). "A woman of wisdom and experience; she knew what was good for children," so of the funds provided for their sustenance "she appropriated the greater part . . . to her own use." Mr. Bumble The parish beadle (a minor church official); "a fat man, and a choleric (cranky show-off) [with] a great idea of his oratorical powers and his importance." "He had a decided propensity for bullying: derived no inconsiderable pleasure from the exercise of petty cruelty; and, consequently, was (it is needless to say) a coward." Mr. Limbkins Head of the parish board; "a particularly fat gentleman with a very round, red face." The Workhouse Master "A fat, healthy man." Gamfield A chimney sweep, "whose villainous countenance was a regular stamped receipt for cruelty." Mr. Sowerberry An undertaker; "a tall, gaunt, large-jointed man," in matrimonial disputes denominated "a brute, an unnatural husband, an insulting creature, a base imitation of a man." Mrs. Sowerberry "A short, thin, squeezed-up woman, with a vixenish [literally, fox-like] countenance, [having] a good deal of taste in the undertaking way." Charlotte The Sowerberry's maidservant; a somewhat sloppy girl, she is "of a robust and hardy make." Noah Claypole Charity boy employed by Sowerberry, he later joins Fagin's gang under the name of Morris Bolter. "A large-headed, small-eyed youth of lumbering make and heavy countenance." Little Dick Oliver's companion on the infant farm, with whom he "had been beaten, and starved, and shut up." John (Jack) Dawkins The Artful Dodger; Fagin's most esteemed pupil. A pickpocket and thief, he is a dirty "snub-nosed, flat-browed, common-faced boy . . . short of his age; with rather bowlegs, and little, sharp, ugly eyes." Fagin The master criminal; "a very old shriveled Jew, whose villainous-looking and repulsive face was obscured by a quantity of matted red hair." Charles Bates One of Fagin's gang; "a very sprightly" young boy given to uproarious laughter. Betsy Member of the Fagin gang. "Not exactly pretty, perhaps; but . . . looked quite stout and hearty." Nancy Trusted and resourceful member of Fagin's gang. Untidy and free in manner, but "there was something of the woman's original nature left in her still." Mr. Brownlow "A very respectable-looking personage" with a heart "large enough for any six ordinary old gentlemen of humane disposition." Mr. Fang A notorious magistrate; a "lean, long-backed, stiff-necked, middle-sized man, with no great quantity of hair." The Bookseller "An elderly man of decent but poor appearance." Mrs. Bedwin Brownlow's housekeeper; "a motherly old lady, very neatly and precisely dressed." Bill Sikes A ruthless felon associated with Fagin; he is violent, and abusive, his anger likely to erupt at any moment. Bull's-eye Sikes's dog; "a white-coated, red-eyed dog . . . having faults of temper in common with his owner." Bull's-eye eventually betrays his abusive master. Mr. Grimwig A retired lawyer and old friend of Brownlow's. "A stout old gentleman, rather lame in one leg," he has "a strong appetite for contradiction, [although] not by any means a bad-hearted man." Barney Waiter at the Little Saffron Hill dive. "Another Jew; younger than Fagin, but nearly as vile and repulsive in appearance. Tom Chitling One of Fagin's creatures; a simpleton


"Who painted ""Bubbles"" in I 886, the picture used to advertise Pears soap?"

Artwork details, Liverpool museums See a larger version About the artwork One of the most famous paintings by the Victorian artist Sir John Millais has been placed on long loan at the Lady Lever Art Gallery. It has been lent by Unilever. 'Bubbles' was painted in 1885-6. It shows a boy blowing bubbles with a pipe and a bowl of soap suds. The boy was the artist’s grandson, Willie James, aged about four: he later became an Admiral. To get round the problems of painting the bubbles, the artist had a glass sphere specially manufactured. Millais originally titled his painting 'A Child’s World' but it was later changed to 'Bubbles'. As a young man, Millais was one of the chief artists in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood , which set out to attack the complacency of the Royal Academy. He painted masterpieces such as 'Isabella' ( Walker Art Gallery ) and ' Ophelia ' ( Tate Britain ) in a new style with bright colours, wiry outlines and minute detail. By the time he painted 'Bubbles', Millais was in his 50s. He had abandoned the Pre-Raphaelite style and had adopted darker colours and looser brushwork.  No longer a rebel, he had joined the Royal Academy and had become a pillar of the art establishment. Much of his work at this stage in his career featured sentimental portrayals of small children. Other examples, at the Lady Lever Art Gallery, are 'Little Speedwell’s Darling Blue' and 'The Nest'. Although 'Bubbles' may appear sentimental to modern taste, it has a serious meaning. Millais was using a symbol with a long tradition behind it. 'Bubbles' are fragile and have a brief moment of beauty before they burst. In the 17th century Dutch artists painted children blowing bubbles to convey the brevity of human life, the transience of beauty and the inevitability of death. This theme appealed to Millais and is a key to several other of his paintings, such as ' Spring (Apple Blossoms) ' also at the Lady Lever Art Gallery. Amongst the beauty of the young girls and the spring flowers in this picture, Millais painted a scythe, to indicate that beauty fades and that death awaits us all. This aspect of 'Bubbles' was not obvious to the Victorians. Victorian artists associated childhood with sweetness and innocence. The attitude is seen in the book illustrations of Kate Greenaway and in historical pictures such as 'And when did you last see your father?' by  W. F. Yeames (Walker Art Gallery). It had also been seen in the 18th century in pictures like ' The Age of Innocence ' (Tate Britain) by Sir Joshua Reynolds , who was much admired by Millais. The interpretation of childhood changed radically after Freud wrote about it as a troubled period of latent sexuality, but it would be unhistorical to expect Millais to reflect these ideas in his work. Listen to a recording of Julian Treuherz's gallery talk on 'Bubbles' online now . The painting was brought from Millais by Sir William Ingram, proprietor of the Illustrated London News, a popular magazine with a wide circulation. Ingram also bought the copyright from the artist. He published 'Bubbles' as a special presentation colour print with the Christmas number of the magazine in 1887. (Other paintings of children by Millais had been published with previous Christmas numbers with great success.) Before its appearance in the magazine, the painting with its copyright was sold to A & F Pears, manufacturers of Pears soap. The Managing Director of Pears, Thomas Barrett, was a pioneer of modern advertising methods, and he and William Lever of Lever Brothers, makers of Sunlight Soap, were great rivals, each spending vast sums on promoting their brands. Barrett turned 'Bubbles' into an advertisement by adding a bar of soap in the foreground. Millais was furious, but he could do nothing about it. Millais was unfairly criticised for degrading his art, but as the copyright owner, Barrett was within his rights.  And the use of the painting for advertising meant that the picture became the best known of all his works. Lever responded to Barrett’s initiative in 1889 by purchasing ' The New Frock ' by Frith and using


What is the common name of Vitamin B9, which is given to pregnant women?

Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) | University of Maryland Medical Center Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) Overview Vitamin B9, also called folate or folic acid, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the body convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B-complex vitamins, also help the body use fats and protein. B-complex vitamins are needed for a healthy liver, and healthy skin, hair, and eyes. They also help the nervous system function properly. Folic acid is the synthetic form of B9, found in supplements and fortified foods, while folate occurs naturally in foods. All the B vitamins are water-soluble, meaning the body does not store them. Folic acid is crucial for proper brain function and plays an important role in mental and emotional health. It aids in the production of DNA and RNA, the body's genetic material, and is especially important when cells and tissues are growing rapidly, such as in infancy, adolescence, and pregnancy. Folic acid also works closely with vitamin B12 to help make red blood cells and help iron work properly in the body. Vitamin B9 works with vitamins B6 and B12 and other nutrients to control blood levels of the amino acid homocysteine. High levels of homocysteine are associated with heart disease, however researchers are not sure whether homocysteine is a cause of heart disease or just a marker that indicates someone may have heart disease. It is fairly common to have low levels of folic acid. Alcoholism, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and celiac disease can cause folic acid deficiency. Also, certain medications may lower levels of folic acid in the body. Folic acid deficiency can cause: Poor growth Forgetfulness Mental sluggishness Pregnant women need more folic acid to lower the risk of neural tube birth defects, including cleft palate, spina bifida, and brain damage. Neural tube defects are birth defects caused by abnormal development of the neural tube, a structure that eventually gives rise to the brain and spinal cord. Since folic acid has been added to many grain foods in the U.S., such as bread and cereal, neural tube defects have decreased dramatically. Birth defects As mentioned, pregnant women who do not get enough folic acid are more likely to have children with birth defects. Pregnant women should get 600 mcg of folic acid per day. Women who plan to become pregnant should make sure to get the recommended 400 mcg per day since many neural tube defects can happen shortly after conception and before a woman even knows she is pregnant. Prenatal vitamins contain the needed amount of folic acid for pregnant women. Studies show that women who take folic acid supplements before conception and during the first trimester may reduce their risk of having children with neural tube defects by 72 to 100%. Other studies suggest that in the setting of folic acid fortification of grains, folic acid supplementation does not appear to offer further benefit for preventing spina bifida. Folic acid may also help prevent miscarriage, although the evidence is not clear. Child development studies show that taking prenatal folic acid supplements at the time of conception is associated with a lower risk of autism. Other studies show that taking folic acid supplements in early pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of severe language delay in children at age 3 years. And some research suggests that low folate levels during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of emotional problems in the offspring. Heart disease Folate may help protect the heart through several methods. First, there is some evidence that getting enough folic acid in your diet can reduce your risk of heart disease, although this evidence is based on population studies and not more definitive clinical trials. There is not yet any evidence that taking folic acid supplements would help. Also, many studies suggest that people with high levels of the amino acid homocysteine are roughly 1.7 times more likely to develop coronary artery disease, a