Who was the treacherous knight of the Round Table?

Knights of the Round Table Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 30 out of 42 people found the following review useful: An Ill Fated Passion from Buffalo, New York 10 September 2005 The Arthur legend gets a grand production here, good photography and rousing battle scenes. The leads kind of go through the motions in their roles though, some of the supporting players really carry this film. Robert Taylor was never comfortable in those 'iron jockstrap' movies as he called them. But he was the most dutiful employee MGM had and like Errol Flynn with westerns, Taylor just went with the flow. Funny thing is Taylor much preferred doing westerns as he reached his forties. Was there ever a more beautiful Guinevere than Ava Gardner? I sincerely doubt it. If she never spoke a line in the film, you know this is a woman for whom you toss convention out for. Ava was in the middle of her tempestuous marriage to Frank Sinatra at the time, so I'm sure she was preoccupied. And next to Richard Burton on stage and Richard Harris on the screen Mel Ferrer looks positively colorless. Not the guy to command the loyalty the legendary king was supposed to do. But I did like the performances of Felix Aylmer as Merlin, Anne Crawford as Morgan Le Fay and Stanley Baker as Mordred. Felix Aylmer was never bad in anything he ever did, always a figure of wisdom and dignity in any role. Morgan Le Fay is quite the schemer here and Anne Crawford brings her to life. Sadly Ms. Crawford died only two years later of leukemia at age 36. American audiences probably only know her for this film, but she's fantastic. But the best performance in the film has to be Stanley Baker. He was a rugged tough man in every film he did, good guy or bad guy. His Mordred has depth and passion and he's unrelenting in his plans to topple Arthur and the Round Table. If they gave Oscars out for performances by animals than Robert Taylor's horse Varick would have won it that year. Except for Roy Rogers's Trigger, I don't think we've ever had a smarter movie horse. He's obedient and well trained and knight's horse certainly had to be back in the day. And he saves Taylor's bacon on one occasion. It's a good film, not the best from either of the stars, but I think you'll like it overall. Was the above review useful to you? 23 out of 31 people found the following review useful: Thorpe does chivalry a second time.... from Fayetteville, NC 20 May 1999 A movie filled with beautiful scenery, knights in armor, the clashing of swords, lovely damsels, and chivalry at its finest. Remind you of Camelot? It should. Adventure and romance are blended deftly in this fine retelling of Sir Thomas Malory's "Le Morte D'Arthur." Taylor (well-cast as Lancelot) also played the title role in "Ivanhoe", which was released a year earlier and also directed by Thorpe and scored by Rozsa. Thorpe does another excellent job as director here, and Rozsa contributes another nonpareil score that has forever marked him for the esteemed composer he is. Interestingly enough, Aylmer (who played Merlin) also played Issac of York opposite Taylor's "Ivanhoe." Not to be overlooked either are Gardner (never lovelier as Guinevere); Baker's perfect portrayal of the diabolical Mordred; and Crawford, whose chilling Morgan le Fay is very reminiscent of Milady de Winter of The Three Musketeers saga. Ferrer deserves kudos as well for bringing nobility and sensitivity to the role of Arthur. As mentioned before, the scenery is a real treat; when coupled with the music and the action, one may get the urge to strap on their armor and grab their sword! Everyone, from medieval history buffs to those who just love a good movie, should see this one. It has intrigue, adventure, and romance, but above all, it forever proves that chivalry is a virtue worth abiding by. Was the above review useful to you? 29 out of 45 people found the following review useful: Very Shakespearian Take on the Arthurian Legend from Petersburg, Vasaria 12 May 2005 For those of you with an interest in Shakespeare, you're in luck! The script is beautiful ("I am for thee, lo


BioKIDS - Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species, Alosa pseudoharengus, Anadromous alewives: INFORMATION Skip directly to main content . Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species Alosa pseudoharengus What do they look like? Alewives have an overall silvery color with a grayish green back. A black spot at the eye level is directly behind the head. Adults have longitudinal lines that run along the midline of the body. Small alewives have a violet sheen on the sides while adults have a golden cast on their heads and upper parts. They are colored very much like skipjack herring . Scales along the middle of the belly form a raised edge. Females are bigger than males and generally live longer. The body is very rounded and flattened. The head is broadly triangular. The eyes are large and have structures that look like eyelids. The single dorsal fin usually has 13-14 rays but may have 12-16. The tail fin is forked. The anal fin is short and wide with 15-19 rays. Alewives that live at sea tend to be longer, ranging from 255 to 355 mm. Alewives that live in freshwater are about 150 mm in length and mature faster than alewives that live at sea. Other Physical Features 3.94 to 13.98 in Where do they live? Alewives are native to the Atlantic Ocean and the lakes and streams that drain to it from Newfoundland to North Carolina. They are "anadromous", which means that they live most of their lives in the sea but migrate into freshwater rivers and streams to breed. They are present, but non-native, in all of the Great Lakes and many lakes in northern New York. In the Great Lakes they are now abundant in Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Alewives don't do well in Lake Superior because the water is too cold and lake trout prey heavily on them there. They don't do well in Lake Erie because the lake is too shallow to provide suitable overwintering grounds for large numbers of fish. Several theories exist on how alewives could have become established in the Great Lakes. Scott and Crossman suggest that alewives may have been accidentally included in a batch of American shad that were used to stock Lake Ontario. The alewives also could have migrated from Lakes Seneca and Cayuga in New York to the Great Lakes through the St. Lawrence River. A third argument for the current distribution is that alewives were native to Lake Ontario in small numbers but went unnoticed until a population explosion in 1873. Biogeographic Regions native What kind of habitat do they need? Alewives spend most of their time in coastal waters and most are caught in water 56 to 100 m deep at about 4°C. They are sensitive to light and tend to be in deeper waters during daylight hours. They follow the daily movements of zooplankton in the water column. Adults can withstand temperatures up to 25°C and young of the year can live in waters up to 30°C. These animals are found in the following types of habitat 183.73 to 328.08 ft How do they grow? Fertilized eggs are about 0.9 mm in diameter. Three to five days after hatching, the larvae begin to feed. They slowly transform into juvenile fish and remain in fresh water until the fall, growing to 3.8 to 12.5 cm. How do they reproduce? Alewives spawn in the spring. The young swim to sea or to deeper parts of large lakes (including the Great Lakes). Migration to spawning grounds happens earlier in warmer areas. Spawning generally starts in April in the south and lasts until the end of May farther north. In all populations, females reach the spawning grounds first and older fish are the first to spawn. The oldest fish recorded at spawning sites were to 10 years old. Spawning occurs in groups of 3 or in pairs. Mating System polygynandrous (promiscuous) Females lay their eggs and males fertilize them at the same time. The eggs are sticky at first and may stick to plants or rocks. Within a few hours they settle to the bottom of the lake or river. Alewives lay their eggs over any type of substrate. The number of eggs per female may be 10,000 to 360,000. In populations that migrate to the sea, adult alewives spend most of their lives at sea but spawn


Which singer had a backing group called the Pips?

Why Did Gladys Knight’s Background Singers Call Themselves The Pips? Why Did Gladys Knight’s Background Singers Call Themselves The Pips? Billy Johnson, Jr. Pin it Share Bubba Knight, an original member of Gladys Knight and The Pips, sang Al Green's "Love and Happiness" and The Beatles' "Yesterday" Wednesday and Friday night during a segment of his sister's set on the "Soul Train Cruise." In an exclusive interview with Yahoo Music, the talented singer, who incorporated a number of comedic bits in his performance, explained why the group was called The Pips. After a seven year old Gladys won the televised singing competition Ted Mack's Original Amateur Hour TV show in 1952, she later formed a singing group with her siblings and cousins. "After she won Ted Mack's Original Amateur Hour that's when we had a party in my backyard, and that's when Gladys Knight and The Pips performed because this guy took his record player home and we decided to give a talent show with everybody that was left," Bubba said. "And, we decided to sing, my two cousins and my older sister Brenda." When their mother heard them sing together she suggested that they form a group. "The name Pip came from my first cousin," he said at the 6:02 mark in the above video interview. "His name is James Woods, but he was a man around town and his nickname was Pip. He bought our wardrobe. He took us around to different spots. He was instrumental in getting us into different contests that we eventually won, and when we got ready to go even further with our careers we decided to name the group The Pips after James Woods, in honor of him." Though Gladys Knight and The Pips released their last album in 1987 and Gladys left the group in 1988, Bubba remained an instrumental part of his sister's career, helping her determine which songs to perform during concerts and helping her select songs for her albums. Bubba, 71, said he is finally ready to pursue a solo career. "I feel that I've done as much as I could do to get Gladys' career off the ground," he said with a laugh. "Now, it's time for her to stand on her own two feet." Bubba wants his solo material to reach the masses. He wants to record "music that will appeal to a broad variety of people, like young and old," he said. "I don't want to lose my senior citizens because I'm a representative of the senior citizens." Though Bubba released his first album with Gladys Knight and The Pips more than 50 years ago, there's still one honor he hopes to achieve. "One of my aspirations is I want to get a Grammy," he said. "I want a Grammy for the Best New Artist." Follow me on Facebook , Twitter . Reblog


Who was the only female competitor not to be given a sex test at the 1976 Olympics?

Montreal, 1976 Olympics Montreal, 1976 Olympic Games The 1976 Olympic Games were held in Montreal, Canada. 26 African countries boycotted the Games in response to New Zealand's inclusion. Earlier that year a New Zealand team had undertaken a three-month rugby tour of the racially segregated South Africa, but the IOC refused to ban them. The Soviet Union lead the medal count, followed by the U.S. and East Germany. See the 1976 Medal Count . Trivia The original estimated cost of the Montreal Games had been $310 million, but labor problems, financial mismanagement, the addition of an extravagant stadium, and other expenses - plus increased security, clearly needed after the events of Munich - increased the price tag past $1.5 billion. Canada barred the Republic of China (Taiwan) team from the country, then allowed them to enter if they agreed not to compete as "the Republic of China". The Taiwanese considered this unacceptable and withdraw. Athletes Five American boxers won gold medals, including three future world boxing champs: Ray Leonard, Michael Spinks, and Leon Spinks. No gymnast had ever achieved a perfect score of 10, until 14 year old Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci scored perfect 10's seven times at the 1976-Montreal games, also bagging three gold medals, plus a silver and a bronze on the way. The only female competitor not to have to submit to a sex test at the 1976 Summer Olympics was Princess Anne of the UK, who was competing as a member of the UK equestrian team. As the daughter Queen Elizabeth II, such a test was seen as inappropriate. Share:


Who co-produced the album Thriller with Michael Jackson?

Michael Jackson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!     Michael Jackson For other persons named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation) . Michael Jackson Michael Jackson on May 14 , 1984 . Background information Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29 , 1958 ) is an American musician and entertainer whose successful music career and controversial personal life have been at the forefront of pop culture for the last quarter-century. Jackson began his musical career at the age of seven as the lead singer of The Jackson 5 and released his first solo recording, Got to Be There in 1971, while remaining a member of the group. [2] He began a full-fledged solo career in 1979 and formally parted with his siblings in 1984. [3] In his solo career, Jackson recorded and co-produced the best-selling album of all time , Thriller , which was named as the world's best-selling album at the 2006 World Music Awards . It has worldwide sales exceeding that of 104 million. [4] Michael Jackson has received thirteen Grammy awards [5] and charted thirteen number-one singles in the United States . Throughout his four-decade career, Michael Jackson has been awarded numerous honors including the World Music Award 's Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, American Music Award 's Artist of the Century Award [6] and the Bambi Award 's Pop Artist of the Millennium Award. [7] He is a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997, and as a solo artist in 2001) [8] and an inductee of the Songwriters Hall of Fame . [9] Raymone Bain , Jackson's PR , claims that Jackson has sold over 750 million units worldwide. [10] From 1988 to 2005, Jackson lived on his Neverland Ranch property, on which he built an amusement park and private zoo for economically disadvantaged and terminally ill children. His frequently held sleepover parties received disparaging media coverage after it was revealed that children frequently shared his bed or bedroom. These first came to light when he was accused of child sexual abuse in 1993 . His sleepover parties were brought into the spotlight again in 2003 during the TV documentary Living with Michael Jackson . This resulted in Jackson being tried, and later acquitted , of more child molestation allegations and several other charges in 2005. Contents The cover to Michael Jackson's 1971's Got to Be There . Michael Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana . He is the second-youngest brother of seven and the eighth of ten children of Joseph and Katherine Jackson . In 1966, after taking co-lead singing duties with brother Jermaine , the group's name changed from The Jackson Brothers to The Jackson 5 . The group played at local clubs and bars, building up a following and eventually signing a contract with Motown Records in 1968. [11] The group hit stardom, with their first four singles which charted at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 . As a solo artist, Jackson released Got to Be There in 1971 and Ben in 1972. These were released as part of the Jackson 5 franchise and produced successful singles such as " Got to Be There ", " Ben ", and a remake of Bobby Day 's " Rockin' Robin ". The group's sales declined after 1973, and the group chafed under Motown's strict refusal to allow the Jacksons creative control or input. In 1976, the group signed a new contract with CBS Records (first joining the Philadelphia International division and then Epic Records ). [12] When this became apparent to Motown Records , they sued the group for breach of contract. As a result of the legal proceedings, which were complicated further by the fact that Jermaine Jackson was married to the daughter of Motown president ( Berry Gordy ), the Jacksons lost the rights to use the "Jackson 5" name and logo and also Jermaine, who wanted to stay at Motown. [13] They changed their name to "The Jacksons", featuring youngest brother Randy in Jermaine's place, and continued their successful career, touring internationally and releasing six more albums between 1976 and


In 1918, who wrote the song God Bless America?

The story behind Irving Berlin's "God Bless America" Lydia Hutchinson | May 11, 2014 | 14 Comments “I’d like to write a great peace song,” Irving Berlin told a journalist in 1938, “but it’s hard to do, because you have trouble dramatizing peace.” Years before John Lennon or Bob Dylan were even born, Berlin took up the challenge of penning an anthem that would inspire his fellow men to live in harmony. As America’s most successful songwriter, the 50-year-old Berlin had already lived through one world war, and with the rise of Nazi Germany, he knew a second was brewing. He recalled, “I worked for a while on a song called ‘Thanks America,’ but I didn’t like it. I tried again with a song called ‘Let’s Talk About Liberty,’ but I didn’t get very far. It was too much like making a speech to music. It then occurred to me to reexamine an old song of mine, ‘God Bless America.’” Berlin’s practice of “going to the trunk,” where he squirreled away every verse, chorus and half-finished idea he ever wrote, often got him out of songwriting jams. He’d come up with “God Bless America” in 1918, while serving in the Army at Camp Upton in Yaphank, N.Y. It was intended for a military revue called Yip Yip Yaphank. His musical secretary Harry Ruby remembered, “There were so many patriotic songs coming out at the time. Every songwriter was pouring them out. I said, ‘Geez, another one?’” Berlin decided Ruby was right, calling the song “just a little sticky.” He cut it from the score, stashing it away in his trunk. Two decades later, Berlin saw new hope in the old tune. “I had to make one or two changes in the lyrics, and they in turn led me to a slight change and improvement in the melody, one line in particular. The original ran: ‘Stand beside her and guide her to the right with a light from above.’ In 1918, the phrase ‘to the right’ had no political significance, as it has now. So for obvious reasons, I changed the phrase to ‘Through the night with a light from above.’” Pleased with the revamped song—he packed a lot into its compact five-line frame—Irving searched for the right singer to introduce it. Kate Smith was 200 pounds of wholesome country girl goodness, a vaudeville singer who’d entertained WWI troops when she was 8 years old and gone on to host her own CBS radio show, with millions of devoted listeners. On Nov. 11, 1938, Smith sang “God Bless America” as part of her Armistice Day broadcast (anniversary of the end of WWI). The song tapped into the national psyche, offering a kind of collective prayer for the unease over impending war. Within days, it was being hailed as the new national anthem. Sheet music flew off the shelves. Smith was booked for personal appearances, including major league baseball games and the 1939 World’s Fair. School bands played the song relentlessly. Without any hype or plugging, Berlin’s anthem became a sensation. In 1940, both the Republican and Democratic parties adopted the song as their theme. Realizing that it would look improper to collect royalties on a patriotic ode, Berlin established a trust, the God Bless America Fund, which distributed all proceeds to the Boy and Girl Scouts of America. The song wasn’t without its critics. Certain Democrats called the song jingoistic, questioning why God should bless America and no other country, and what about separation of church and state? Others griped about Berlin’s pedigree. As a Russian Jew who immigrated to the U.S. in 1893, why should he speak for America? A prominent pastor in New York, Edgar Franklin Romig, grabbed headlines by calling the song a “specious substitute for religion.” One songwriter who didn’t like Berlin’s anthem was Woody Guthrie. It’s said that he got so fed up with hearing Kate Smith on the radio, he wrote a rebuttal in “This Land Is Your Land.” In the original version of Guthrie’s classic, he painted pictures of a desolate, corrupt country, ending each verse with “God blessed America for you and me.” In the wake of 9/11, the song took on a new life, once again signalling renewed patriotism and pride. Celine Dion performed it on the TV


In which opera does Lily the Strawberry Woman appear?

Review/Opera - 'Porgy and Bess' - Catfish Row at the Met - NYTimes.com Review/Opera; 'Porgy and Bess': Catfish Row at the Met By DONAL HENAHAN Published: September 29, 1989 The contemporary world does not often intrude on the Metropolitan Opera, but there it all was on Wednesday evening: a hurricane battering Charleston, S.C.; a cocaine dealer plying his trade on the street; racially biased police officers; sex, violence and evangelism flourishing side by side . . . but, of course, you have guessed that the opera was ''Porgy and Bess,'' Gershwin's tuneful investigation of the folkways of Catfish Row in the 1930's. First produced by the company in 1985, ''Porgy'' has returned in a restaging by Arvin Brown, artistic director of the Long Wharf Theater. Mr. Brown, making his Metropolitan debut with a cast that included 10 singers as new to the house as he, makes extensive revisions in the original Nathaniel Merrill production. The hurricane scene, for instance, shifts from a shack on the beach back to its proper site, Serena's room. It is one of many differences that make no difference. The total effect remains as before: this uncut ''Porgy,'' which exhumes virtually every scrap of music that the composer wrote for the work, continues to look and sound as overblown as ever. The affecting simplicity and directness of the famous songs (''Summertime,'' ''Bess, You Is My Woman,'' and the rest) still is smothered under the blanket of grand-opera pretensions. Part of the problem traces to Gershwin himself. His large-orchestra version of the score does singers no favors, regularly blotting them out when comprehension of words and clarity of vocal melodies should be uppermost. Very little of the text could be made out at Wednesday's performance. In this first ''Porgy'' of the season, that basic difficulty of comprehension was compounded by James Levine's insistence on thrusting the orchestration into prominence at just those moments when voices and text should have taken precedence. His conducting, which generally pays attention to such matters, was bluff, unidiomatic and insensitive. Strange to say, however, considering the composing source, not many of the voices in this performance sounded good enough to deserve more sympathetic treatment. The Porgy, Michael Smartt, seemed vocally out of sorts, as if suffering from a cold. Though a reasonably adept actor, he swallowed or crooned many notes and rarely projected a tone out into the large house. As the bootlegger and dope pusher Sportin' Life, Ben Holt danced athletically and strutted in the appropriately raffish fashion, but his vocal inadequacies were hard to overlook even in a largely declamatory version of ''It Ain't Necessarily So.'' The community's female bulwarks (Camellia Johnson as Serena, Marjorie Wharton as Maria and Karla Burns as Lily) had little opportunity to do more than deliver accompanied recitative in a shrill, presumably humorous, style. Marvis Martin, as Clara, lent her excellent soprano to ''Summertime,'' but the song's evocative appeal was dissipated by a heavily dramatic, rather ponderous treatment. On the plus side, Priscilla Baskerville's Bess could be listened to with pleasure, though her acting was tentative when not actually awkward. As for Porgy's nemesis, the brutal stevedore Crown, it would be hard to imagine a more formidable villain than Gregg Baker, who looked like a cross between Magic Johnson and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Among the cast's more promising newcomers were Raymond Bazemore as the divorce-peddling Frazier, Gordon Hawkins as Maria's husband Jake and, in cameo appearances, Linda Thompson as the Strawberry woman and Lynn Randolph as the Crabman. The performance's flaws and virtues could be dwelled upon at more length. Such scrutiny would not change, however, the basic objection to the Metropolitan's ''Porgy'': this is a well-meaning inflation and hence distortion of a pioneering work in American musical theater. Mr. Brown, essentially a theater director, can hardly be blamed for the lingering musical misjudgments, but his restaging does li


What is the world’s single largest solid gold statue?

Wat Traimit 'Temple of the Golden Buddha' - World’s largest solid gold Buddha statue - Your Thai Guide Wat Traimit ‘Temple of the Golden Buddha’ – World’s largest solid gold Buddha statue 4 May 2016 Located near the entrance to Bangkok’s Chinatown district on Yaowarat Road, Wat Traimit is an easy visit for those interested to uncover the hidden beauty and mystery beneath Bangkok’s most influential Buddha image and community. According to Thai standards Wat Traimit is considered to be a rather modest temple. The main reason people visit Wat Traimit is to view the magnificent splendor of the world’s largest solid Gold Buddha image, known in Thai as Phra Buddha Maha Suwanna Patimakorn. The 15-foot tall Buddha image is reportedly comprised of approximately 83% pure gold and weighs five and a half tons, making it worth millions of dollars at today’s gold prices. What many visitors do not know before paying their respects at this iconic Sukhothai styled Buddha image, which was fashioned in the 13th century, is that this statue spent many years hiding its true identity underneath a cloak of plaster and stucco. This cosmetic veil successfully hid the solid gold Buddha image from the prying eyes of invading Burmese armies, thieves and looters for several centuries. Because its outer layer was cracked during a fall due to a mishap when it was being moved in 1955, the statue can now be appreciated in all of its golden glory. The statue now sits in a newly renovated location, set high atop the four story marble-lined temple structure at Wat Traimit. While the golden Buddha statue is admittedly the crowning attraction of Wat Traimit, resting on the fourth level of the temple, the second floor houses an impressive interpretive center that tells the history of the Chinese community in Bangkok. The third floor houses a museum that reveals the history of the Golden Buddha image itself, including its construction, design features and the story of how it came to be at Wat Traimit. Customer Feedback – “While this isn’t one of the top temples on the list in Bangkok it was definitely worth the trip. The Buddha is spectacular and the grounds, while not as elaborate as some of the others are definitely beautiful. You are also a quick walk into Chinatown, a place where you can get lost all day.” A visit to Wat Traimit makes a good starting or ending point to a tour of Bangkok’s Chinatown area. Bangkok’s central train station, known as Hua Lamphong, is also very near to Wat Traimit and Chinatown and is a great transportation option if you want to have a private tour guide help you with making arrangements to travel to other areas in Thailand via railway. Wat Traimit is open every day from 8am until 5pm. The Golden Buddha image can be viewed every day during the same times. The museum is open Tues-Sun from 8am until 5pm (Only the museum is closed on Mondays). Admission Price: 100 Baht per person for museum entrance + 40 Baht per person to view buddha image. Things you should be aware of when visiting the Wat Traimit: Respectful attire is required. Wat Traimit is a functioning Thai Buddhist temple, and a such the management insists that visitors dress in a respectful manner. This means that men must wear long pants and short-sleeved or long-sleeved shirts (no tank tops or sleeveless shirts). Women must wear skirts or pants extending at least to the knee, and also should not wear a top that reveals bare shoulders. Visitors are allowed to take photographs in any area of the complex. It is recommended that you wear shoes that can be easily removed as you’ll need to take them off when entering any structure in the complex.


Who was the first woman to complete the English Grand National horse race?

Facts & Figures Facts & Figures It is illegal for anyone aged under 18 to gamble Facts & Figures Records The first race was held in 1839, but it started in inauspicious circumstances, going off two hours late after confusion over weighing procedures. The aptly named, and 5-1 favourite, Lottery came home first. The 1929 National featured the most starters in the race when 66 horses lined up. The smallest field was in 1883 when just 10 faced the starter. The fastest ever time is the 8 minutes 47.8 seconds Mr Frisk recorded in taking victory in 1990. The slowest time is the 14m 53s it took Lottery to win the first National in 1839. The smallest number of finishers was in 1928 when Tipperary Tim, a 100-1 outsider, was the first of two past the post. The greatest number of horses to finish was 23 in 1984. Hallo Dandy, ridden by Neale Doughty, was the winner. 17 completed last season. The 1997 Grand National, which was won by Lord Gyllene, was the 150th running of the race at Aintree and Sir Peter O'Sullevan's 50th and final commentary for the BBC. 2013 saw the first screening of the race by Channel 4. The shortest price winner was Poethlyn at 11-4 in 1919. The Course The first five Grand National's included one jump that was a stone wall. It was situated where the water jump now stands. Becher's Brook earned its name when a top jockey, Captain Martin Becher, took shelter in the brook after being unseated. "Water tastes disgusting without the benefits of whisky" he reflected. The Chair is the tallest fence at 5ft 2ins, and the broadest. The fence got its name as it was once alongside the seat used by the distance judge. The fences at Aintree are made up of spruce from the Lake District. The cost of the building work is tens of thousands of pounds and takes a month to complete. As well as horse racing, Aintree has also hosted a European and five British Grand Prix. Stirling Moss won his first Grand Prix in Liverpool in 1955. The change seemed to work in 2014 as no horse lost his jockey until the Canal Turn, although there were plenty of early casualties last year. Horses Red Rum is the most successful horse, having won the Grand National three times: 1973, 1974 and 1977. The oldest winning horse is Peter Simple, aged 15 (1853); the youngest winning horses were Alcibiade (1865), Regal (1876), Austerlitz (1877), Empress (1880), Lutteur III (1909), all aged 5. Abd-El-Kader was the first horse to win back-to-back Nationals, in 1850 and 1851. The Colonel, (1869 & 1870), Reynoldstown (1935 & 1936) and Red Rum (1973 & 1974) have also retained the crown. Can Many Clouds join this elite club this year? Moiffa won in 1904 - having disappeared a year earlier. On a trip to Liverpool from New Zealand, Moiffa's ship was shipwrecked. The horse was presumed lost at sea before turning up on an outcrop south of Ireland. The legendary Golden Miller won in 1934 and became the only horse to complete the Cheltenham Gold Cup-Grand National double in the same season. Garrison Savannah narrowly failed to emulate the feat in 1991. Manifesto has run in more races than any other horse. Between 1895 and 1904, he ran in eight races, winning two and coming third on three occasions. He only failed to finish once. Two Russian horses, Reljef and Grifel, competed in the 1961 Grand National, but neither finished. Horses from Hungary, the Czech Republic and Norway have also run in previous Grand Nationals, although all with similarly disappointing results. Hungarian chaser Buszke was pulled up in 1868, while Gyi Lovam, the first Czechoslovakian challenger in 1931, came to grief at Becherï¿½s, was remounted but fell again four fences later. The Czech-trained Essex, Fraze and Quirinus all carried automatic top-weight in the 1980s and 1990s but failed to complete. The 2000 renewal saw the first Norwegian-trained runner in the shape of Trinitro, but he got no further than the first fence where he fell. Japanese thoroughbred, Fujino-O captured four consecutive renewals of the prestigious Nakayama Daishogai in his homeland before being sent to Britain to be prepared f


Heather Mackay was British Open Champion 16 times at which sport?

Heather McKay | Australian Institute of Sport | ZoomInfo.com Australian Institute of Sport HQ Phone: +61 2 6214 1010 Get ZoomInfo Grow + Get 10 Free Contacts a Month Please agree to the terms and conditions I agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy . I understand that I will receive a subscription to ZoomInfo Grow at no charge in exchange for downloading and installing the ZoomInfo Contact Contributor utility which, among other features, involves sharing my business contacts as well as headers and signature blocks from emails that I receive. Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617 Australia Company Description The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is Australia's premiere sports training institute, endeavouring to enrich the lives of Australians through sports. The AIS is an internationally-acclaimed centre of sports excellence for the training and development ... more Find other employees at this company (435) Background Information Australian Sports Hall of Fame Member The Sport Australia Hall of Fame Ltd Founder Member Women's International Squash Players' Association Web References (47 Total References) Act Sport: HoF Inductees Heather McKay was undefeated in competitive squash matches between 1962 and 1981, when she retired from active open squash. She won the British Women's Squash Championship a record 16 times, and the Australian Women's Squash Championships for 14 consecutive years. She is a member of the World Squash Hall of Fame and the Australian Sports Hall of Fame. Heather was also named in the Australian Women's Hockey Team in 1967 and 1971, and has been the USA Women's Professional Racquet-ball Champion three times. In 1985 Heather was named coach of the Australian Institute of Sport Squash Division, and has remained actively involved in the sport. Act Sport: HoF Inductees Heather McKay was undefeated in competitive squash matches between 1962 and 1981, when she retired from active open squash. She won the British Women's Squash Championship a record 16 times, and the Australian Women's Squash Championships for 14 consecutive years. She is a member of the World Squash Hall of Fame and the Australian Sports Hall of Fame. Heather was also named in the Australian Women's Hockey Team in 1967 and 1971, and has been the USA Women's Professional Racquet-ball Champion three times. In 1985 Heather was named coach of the Australian Institute of Sport Squash Division, and has remained actively involved in the sport. ACTSPORT - Hall of Fame Heather McKay was undefeated in competitive squash matches between 1962 and 1981, when she retired from active open squash. She won the British Women's Squash Championship a record 16 times, and the Australian Women's Squash Championships for 14 consecutive years. She is a member of the World Squash Hall of Fame and the Australian Sports Hall of Fame. Heather was also named in the Australian Women's Hockey Team in 1967 and 1971, and has been the USA Women's Professional Racquetball Champion three times. In 1985 Heather was named coach of the Australian Institute of Sport, Squash Division and has remained actively involved in the sport. ACTSPORT - Hall of Fame Heather McKay was undefeated in competitive squash matches between 1962 and 1981, when she retired from active open squash. She won the British Women's Squash Championship a record 16 times, and the Australian Women's Squash Championships for 14 consecutive years. She is a member of the World Squash Hall of Fame and the Australian Sports Hall of Fame. Heather was also named in the Australian Women's Hockey Team in 1967 and 1971, and has been the USA Women's Professional Racquetball Champion three times. In 1985 Heather was named coach of the Australian Institute of Sport, Squash Division and has remained actively involved in the sport. ACTSPORT - Hall of Fame Heather McKay was undefeated in competitive squash matches between 1962 and 1981, when she retired from active open squash. She won the British Women's Squash Championship a record 16 times, and the Australian Women's Squash Championships for 14 consecutive ye


What relation was William III to Charles I?

Royal Wedding: William and Kate are (very) distant cousins – Channel 4 News UK Royal Wedding: William and Kate are (very) distant cousins Much has been made of the coalminers and tradesmen in Kate Middleton’s family tree, but what about her royal links? Genealogist Patrick Cracroft-Brennan analyses her ancestry for Channel 4 News. Share on Twitter Much has been made of Kate Middleton’s “middle class” background, but does she have any royal links? Patrick Cracroft-Brennan, editor of the online reference work Cracroft’s Peerage : “Yes, she has, but they are very distant. Her great-great-grandmother, Frances Elizabeth Greenhow, was the 10 x great-granddaughter of Sir William Gascoigne, a Yorkshire knight who died in 1487. He married Lady Margaret Percy, 4th and youngest daughter of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. “The Earl descended from King Edward III through both his parents. Prince Charles and the late Princess Diana both descend from Sir William Gascoigne and his wife Lady Margaret. “This makes William and Kate fourteenth cousins once removed through his mother and fifteenth cousins through his father. This makes William and Kate fourteenth cousins once removed. Patrick Cracroft “Through her Gascoigne ancestry Kate is also an eighth cousin seven times removed to George Washington, first President of the United States, and a thirteenth cousin twice removed to the war time leader General George Patton. “A descent from Sir William Gascoigne is one of the commonest “royal descents” in both Britain and the United States. The New England Historic Genealogical Society has estimated that up to 50 million Americans can trace their ancestry back to King Edward III. “All of these people are related (albeit very distantly) to both Kate and Prince William.” Are there any surprising figures in Kate Middleton’s family tree? “Apart from her one royal descent, her ancestry is pleasantly normal. Her father’s family were solicitors in Leeds for several generations, and there is a close connection with the Lupton family, well known for their involvement in Leeds as woolen manufacturers. “There are several people ‘in trade’, which if not glamorous is at least dependable, and there are coal miners from the Durham coalfields. Social classes are very fluid in Britain and seeing an ancestry where the 16 great-great-grandparents range from lawyers to coalminers is not at all unusual in my experience.” How unusual is this union? “Since the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066 it has been the norm for our kings to marry princesses from other European royal families. In many ways this was a good practice as it ensured that the Queen would not favour her family at court. “Henry, Duke of Hereford, was already married to Lady Mary de Bohun when he seized the throne from his cousin in 1399 and became King Henry IV. His second wife was a French princess. King Edward IV broke the rule by marrying Lady Elizabeth Wydville in 1464. His brother, King Richard III, had already married Lady Anne Neville before he killed his nephew in 1483 and usurped the throne. This union is very unusual in that it is the first time in British history that someone in direct line to the throne has married someone who was not either a foreign princess or came from a British aristocratic or titled family. Patrick Cracroft “King Henry VIII had six wives – two of these were foreign princesses, the others were English aristocrats. “King James II had married Lady Anne Hyde in 1633, well before he succeeded his brother, King Charles II. After her death in 1671 his second wife was an Italian princess. “We then have to jump to 1923 and the marriage of the Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the Queens parents, before we again have an aristocratic commoner marrying a future king. The Prince of Wales, Prince William’s father, has famously married two aristocratic ‘gels’. “This union is very unusual in that it is the first time in British history that someone in direct line to the throne has married someone who was not either a foreign princess or came from a British aristocr


On which island is the New York borough Brooklyn?

Brooklyn: Borough of New York City : Long Island Exchange Population (Estimate 2010) 2,532,645 Brooklyn: Though New York City’s five boroughs are typically thought of in terms of being urban neighborhoods, the truth is that each of these boroughs represents a county and a city under the purview of a consolidated New York City mayor and government. The largest among these five boroughs is Brooklyn which physically makes up a part of Long Island . Brooklyn County contains a population of just over 2.5 million people, large enough to make Brooklyn the fourth-largest city in the United States if it were to be separated from New York itself. Brooklyn County contains a population of just over 2.5 million people, large enough to make Brooklyn the fourth-largest city in the United States if it were to be separated from New York itself.. Despite its large population, Brooklyn is only the second-largest borough by land area. The largest borough by land area is Queens , which borders Brooklyn to the west-northwest. Brooklyn is linked to Manhattan across the East River by the Brooklyn Bridge (1883), the Manhattan Bridge (1909), the Williamsburg Bridge (1903), and the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel (1950), as well as by several subway tunnels. It is linked to Staten Island across the Narrows of New York Bay by the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge (1964). New York Bay by the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. At the time of early European exploration the site of present-day Brooklyn was occupied by the Canarsie people, an Algonquian-speaking group. The first European settlement of the area took place in 1636, when Dutch farmers purchased tracts of land near Gowanus Bay and founded the community of Amersfort (present-day Flatlands). At one time, Brooklyn County was not a borough of New York City , and actually functioned as a traditional county among others in New York. It contained the city of Brooklyn, as well as many other towns and cities, each of which had their own forms of government. In 1898, a new state charter was drawn up to consolidate the cities and towns of the New York metropolitan area into cohesive boroughs. This resulted in the formation of modern-day Brooklyn. “How sweet is is!” was the catchphrase of Brooklyn entertainer and Honeymooners television star Jackie Gleason. Each independent town and city in Brooklyn County that existed in 1898 was considered an urban “neighborhood” of Brooklyn after the charter was ratified. The consolidated population is still counted for Census figures, but is generally issued along with the population of the five boroughs in total every ten years. As of the most recent census, more than 2.5 million people called the borough their permanent home. Brooklyn has experienced ebbs and flows in its popularity and local fortunes, dating back to the 19th century when it was a hub of African-American intellectual activity. Over the course of the early and mid-20th century, the borough underwent a rapid decline that saw its fortunes wane. Crime increased dramatically, “ white flight ” took hold, and Brooklyn went through at least a half-decade of hard times. A commemorative stone marking the first resistance to the British in New York sits at John Paul Jones Park, 101st Street, Brooklyn, NY 11209. Named after the famous naval commander, this dog-friendly park has grass, trees and benches. That all began to turn around in the 1990s and early 2000s, as residents of nearby Manhattan flocked to Brooklyn in search of affordable apartments and single-family homes. Today, communities like Williamsburg are thriving hubs of new residents and cutting-edge businesses. The borough is growing at a rate faster than any other New York City borough, and gentrification is taking hold in even the most down-and-out sections of what would be considered Brooklyn County. Brooklyn is served by a large number of subway lines, many of them as old as 100 years. The greater New York City area is served by the second-largest subway system in the world, and this means that most residents of Brooklyn can get from their homes to Lower Manhattan in a


Which country owns the Queen Elizabeth islands?

Feature: Queen Elizabeth's 16 Countries - Political Geography Now Tuesday, June 5, 2012 Feature: Queen Elizabeth's 16 Countries Update 2016-06-10: Queen Elizabeth II is now celebrating her 90th birthday . The below article is still just as accurate as when we first published it four years ago. As Britain wraps up celebrations for the queen's Diamond Jubilee (the 60th anniversary of her coronation), you may have heard it mentioned that Elizabeth II is not just the Queen of England and the U.K., but of 15 other independent countries as well. This article maps, lists, and explains the situation of those countries. Map of the Commonwealth realms - independent countries which share the British monarchy. Current realms in dark blue, former realms in light blue. By Evan Centanni, modified from public domain Wikipedia map ( source ). Which countries share the Queen? Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is the official head of state for 16 different independent countries, known as the "Commonwealth realms" - a smaller club than the Commonwealth of Nations , many of whose members are now queenless republics. The current Commonwealth realms, in order of independence, are: Personal flag of Queen Elizabeth II ( source ) License: CC BY-SA .   Saint Kitts and Nevis Just as the sun never sets in the British Empire, the monarchy never set in the realms - each one inherits the queen's role from its time as a former British colony (with the exception of northern Papua New Guinea, which passed directly from German to Australian control before uniting with the British south in independence). Sixteen countries - is that all? Although the independent realms total 16, the number of "countries" with Elizabeth II as their queen actually increases to 19 when including the four "home nations" that make up the U.K.: England, Scotland , Wales, and Northern Ireland. But that's not all - as if 16 realms weren't enough for one woman, the Queen of England also reigns over three Crown Dependencies (Guernsey and Jersey in the Channel Islands, plus the Isle of Man) and the 14 British Overseas Territories , all of which are dependent on the U.K., but aren't considered part of the kingdom itself. And interestingly, the Realm of New Zealand includes two associated states, the Cook Islands and Niue, which could remain royal subjects even if New Zealand itself were to fire the queen from its government. Entire reign of Queen Elizabeth II (1952-2012). Current in red, former in blue (dark = sovereign realm; light = territory or dependency). Click to enlarge. Excludes Antarctic claims. By Evan Centanni, from public domain map ( source ). Historically, there are about 20 more countries which were Commonwealth realms during parts of the last Century, but have since abandoned the monarchy to become republics. Still, the current list is longer than it used to be - at the time of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation in 1952, there were only seven realms: the U.K., Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).   How can countries share the same monarch and still be sovereign states? Every one of the Commonwealth realms is a fully-fledged independent country and a member of the U.N., despite sharing the same queen. So how does that work? Each country has separately and independently designated Elizabeth II (and her royal line) as its head of state, and the British parliament has no authority whatsoever over the governments of any of the other realms. In a certain legal sense, these 16 countries just happen to have chosen the same family to form their monarchy. To show this independence, each realm calls the queen by its own national title - she is not only the the Queen of England, but the Queen of Australia, the Queen of Canada, the Queen of the Bahamas, etc. As for Her Majesty, she's been said to be "equally at home in all of her realms". But since she has only has one physical body, she still mainly lives in the oldest realm: the U.K. In her other countries, she's represented on an everyday basis by appointed viceroys (the highest-level


Marilyn Monroe played the character Sugar Kane in which film?

Some Like It Hot (1959) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Some Like It Hot ( 1959 ) Not Rated | From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC When two male musicians witness a mob hit, they flee the state in an all-female band disguised as women, but further complications set in. Director: a list of 22 titles created 21 Sep 2013 a list of 40 titles created 03 Feb 2014 a list of 27 titles created 29 Dec 2015 a list of 43 titles created 11 months ago a list of 25 titles created 3 weeks ago Title: Some Like It Hot (1959) 8.3/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    9 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards  » Videos A man tries to rise in his company by letting its executives use his apartment for trysts, but complications and a romance of his own ensue. Director: Billy Wilder A hack screenwriter writes a screenplay for a former silent-film star who has faded into Hollywood obscurity. Director: Billy Wilder An insurance representative lets himself be talked into a murder/insurance fraud scheme that arouses an insurance investigator's suspicions. Director: Billy Wilder Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. Director: Orson Welles A hapless New York advertising executive is mistaken for a government agent by a group of foreign spies, and is pursued across the country while he looks for a way to survive. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A San Francisco detective suffering from acrophobia investigates the strange activities of an old friend's wife, all the while becoming dangerously obsessed with her. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A silent film production company and cast make a difficult transition to sound. Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly Stars: Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor, Debbie Reynolds A veteran British barrister must defend his client in a murder trial that has surprise after surprise. Director: Billy Wilder A wheelchair-bound photographer spies on his neighbours from his apartment window and becomes convinced one of them has committed murder. Director: Alfred Hitchcock In Casablanca, Morocco in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate meets a former lover, with unforeseen complications. Director: Michael Curtiz An ingenue insinuates herself into the company of an established but aging stage actress and her circle of theater friends. Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz Showgirls Lorelei Lee and Dorothy Shaw travel to Paris, pursued by a private detective hired by the suspicious father of Lorelei's fiancé, as well as a rich, enamored old man and many other doting admirers. Director: Howard Hawks Edit Storyline When two Chicago musicians, Joe and Jerry, witness the the St. Valentine's Day massacre, they want to get out of town and get away from the gangster responsible, Spats Colombo. They're desperate to get a gig out of town but the only job they know of is in an all-girl band heading to Florida. They show up at the train station as Josephine and Daphne, the replacement saxophone and bass players. They certainly enjoy being around the girls, especially Sugar Kane Kowalczyk who sings and plays the ukulele. Joe in particular sets out to woo her while Jerry/Daphne is wooed by a millionaire, Osgood Fielding III. Mayhem ensues as the two men try to keep their true identities hidden and Spats Colombo and his crew show up for a meeting with several other crime lords. Written by garykmcd The movie too HOT for words! See more  » Genres: 14 April 1959 (Japan) See more  » Also Known As: Not Tonight, Josephine! See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia It is interesting that due to line issues and the train scene and the Manhattan drink. During prohibition 'Bourbon,' made only in Kentucky,  would


Who played Hotlips in the film version of Mash?

Sally Kellerman HOT LIPS - YouTube Sally Kellerman HOT LIPS Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jun 12, 2012 She was the was the first actress to play Major Margaret "Hot Lips" O'Houlihan in the film version of MASH (1970). The role went to Loretta Swit for the television series. Category


Leonard Alfred Schneider is best remembered by what stage name?

Leonard Alfred Schneider (1925 - 1966) - Genealogy Leonard Alfred Schneider Mineola, Nassau County, New York, United States Death: in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, United States Place of Burial: Mission Hills, Los Angeles County, California, United States Immediate Family: Satirist, Stand-up Comedian, Social Critic, Comedien Managed by: Oct 13 1925 - New York Death: Aug 3 1966 - Los Angeles, California, USA Mother's maiden name: Circa 1926 - New York, United States Residence: 1930 - Riverhead, Suffolk, New York, USA Parents: Oct 13 1925 - Mineola, Queens, New York, United States Death: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce Leonard Alfred Schneider (October 13, 1925 – August 3, 1966), better known by his stage name Lenny Bruce, was an American stand-up comedian, social critic and satirist. He was renowned for his open, free-style and critical form of comedy which integrated satire, politics, religion, sex, and vulgarity. His private life was marked by struggles with personal demons and efforts to prevent his wife from working as a stripper. His 1964 conviction in an obscenity trial was followed by a posthumous pardon, the first in New York State history, by then-Governor George Pataki in 2003. He paved the way for future outspoken counterculture-era comedians, and his trial for obscenity, in which – after being forced into bankruptcy – he was eventually pardoned, is seen as a landmark trial for freedom of speech in the US.[8][9][10][11] Contents [show] Early life[edit] Lenny Bruce was born Leonard Alfred Schneider in Mineola, New York, grew up in nearby Bellmore, and attended Wellington C. Mepham High School.[12] His parents divorced when he was five years old (the documentary Lenny Bruce: Swear to Tell the Truth claims he was eight years old), and Lenny lived with various relatives over the next decade. His British-born father, Myron (Mickey) Schneider, was a shoe clerk and Lenny saw him very infrequently. The 1940 census shows Myron (34) and Dorothy (36) Schneider and son, Leonard (14), living on Long Island at 710 Hughes Street, Bellmore, New York. Mickey later moved to Arcadia, California and became a podiatrist. His mother, Sally Marr (real name Sadie Schneider, born Sadie Kitchenberg), was a stage performer and had an enormous influence on Bruce's career.[13] After spending time working on a farm, Bruce joined the United States Navy at the age of 16 in 1942, and saw active duty during World War II aboard the USS Brooklyn (CL-40) fighting in Northern Africa, Palermo, Italy in 1943 and Anzio, Italy in 1944. In May 1945, after a comedic performance for his ship-mates in which he was dressed in drag, his commanding officers became upset. He defiantly convinced his ship's medical officer that he was experiencing homosexual urges.[14] This led to his Dishonorable Discharge in July 1945. However, he had not admitted to or been found guilty of any breach of naval regulations and successfully applied to have his discharge changed to "Under Honorable Conditions ... by reason of unsuitability for the naval service".[15] After a short stint in California spent living with his father, Bruce settled in New York City, hoping to establish himself as a comedian. However, he found it difficult to differentiate himself from the thousands of other show business hopefuls who populated the city. One locale where they congregated was Hanson's, the diner where Bruce first met the comedian Joe Ancis, who had a profound influence on his approach to comedy. Many of Bruce's later routines reflected his meticulous schooling at the hands of Ancis.[16] According to Bruce's biographer, Albert Goldman, Ancis' humor involved stream-of-consciousness sexual fantasies, references to jazz, and stories of Jewish domesticity. Lenny took the stage as "Lenny Marsalle" one evening at the Victory Club, as a stand-in master of ceremonies for one of his mother's shows. His ad-libs earned him some laughs. Soon afterward, in 1947, just after changing his last name to Bruce, he earned $12 and a free spaghetti dinner for his first stand-up perf


Beaches and Shorelines | The Wildlife Trusts Beaches and Shorelines Beaches and Shorelines BEACHES AND SHORELINE Turnstone credit Neil Aldridge The shoreline or beach is the point at which the land meets the sea. They can consist of rocks, sand, gravel, shingles, pebbles or cobblestones and are often a mixture of these; the consistency can be sandy, muddy and/or stony and, again, is often a mix of these. What are they? The highest point the tide reaches is the strandline. Here the tides leave behind sediments such as seaweed, dead plants and animal and, unfortunately, litter. Several strandlines can occur on a beach due to changes in the height of the tides. Strandlines provide the main input of energy to sandy shores and intertidal habitats. They are particularly important on exposed shores, where they can act as precursors to sand dunes. As seaweed breaks down it produces organic matter which provides nutrients for pioneering plants trying to establish themselves in exposed beach and sand dune areas. Without this initial impetus, sand dune formation is severely limited. Where are they found? The coastline of the UK boasts more than 6,000 km of shoreline with habitats ranging from hard-and soft-rock cliffs, sheltered coves, open beaches, river mouths, tidal inlets, estuaries, spits and barriers. Why are they important? Due to the tide the bottom of the beach is often or always covered by water whereas the top of the beach will only be covered by water when the tide is high. Therefore the species of plant and animal will vary greatly from the bottom to the top of the beach. Our beaches and shorelines provide the UK with protection from the sea, dampening the waves and removing energy from storm surges. Although this is not always the case, areas such as those in the North East are subject to high levels of coastal erosion, where soft sediments are being reclaimed by the sea. The greatest biodiversity on the shoreline is in the strandline. This are usually made up of organic matter, mainly seaweeds, driftwood and other debris. With each high tide, new life and material are deposited which contribute towards creating and supporting these unique habitats. Many species depend upon them for their food and shelter. The richest communities are found in the thickest, wettest, rotting material. These rotting seaweeds provide a rich food source for a great variety of both marine and terrestrial invertebrates including sandhoppers, beetles, small crabs and seaslaters. Large pieces of driftwood provide shelter on the shore for active predators that emerge at night. There are a number of beetles who feed only on sea soaked wood. Many flies such as kelp fly lay their eggs in the strandline, and the emergent maggots become food for predatory beetles and birds. There are a broad group of birds which feed along the shoreline including dunlins, oystercatchers, ringed plover, sanderlings and turnstones. Some are resident others are migratory. These birds search for sandhoppers, other invertebrates and kelp fly eggs which are laid on the seaweed. In addition to invertebrates and birds, strandlines also support other animals, including bats, shrews and voles. Even larger mammals like deer will occasionally visit the strandline to support their diet by feeding on seaweed. Are they threatened? The main threat to British shorelines is pollution from litter and rubbish washed up by the tides. There are two methods to clean a beach - mechanical or hand beach cleaning. Mechanical beach cleaners are heavy and cause compaction of the sand, this form of cleaning also removes the top 10-15cm of beach which contains high numbers of invertebrates and significant quantities of organic matter, and this has been shown to cause a 90% reduction in strandline species. Hand cleaning allows the natural strandline to remain and support the beach ecosystem, while also getting people involved in beach conservation. Some Wildlife Trusts organise beach cleans and this gives people an opportunity to get involved with protecting shoreline wildlife and improving their


Alvin Stardust first found fame under what name?

Alvin Stardust dead at 72 on the brink of yet ANOTHER relaunch  | Daily Mail Online Alvin Stardust was the crown prince of comebacks. He found fame as a Sixties teenybopper, in the Seventies with glam rock, and as a post-punk rocker in the Eighties — before launching a successful West End career. He was planning another musical renaissance right up to his death yesterday aged 72, from prostate cancer. His first studio album in 30 years, simply called Alvin, is due for release next week. He was still performing on stage last weekend, belting out his beloved Fifties rock standards, as well as his roster of Top Ten hits. Scroll down for video  Alvin Stardust was planning another musical renaissance right up to his death yesterday aged 72 The singer, born Bernard Jewry in 1942, was a 31-year-old rock journeyman, playing in clubs for beer money But it is as a strutting, smouldering monster of glam rock — half-cowboy, half-vampire — that he will be best remembered. Hits like My Coo Ca Choo, Jealous Mind, Red Dress and You You You were radio favourites in the era of towering quiffs and platform soles . . . and Stardust perfected the look. What his fans never guessed was that his iconic, black leather style was born out of panic and sheer luck. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share The singer, born Bernard Jewry in 1942, was a 31-year-old rock journeyman, playing in clubs for beer money, when he answered a newspaper ad placed by record company boss Michael Levy (later a close friend of Tony Blair and a Labour fundraiser, now Lord Levy). The record company had the rights to a catchy song with a driving boogie riff. Its lyrics were nonsense, just babytalk, but the producer was convinced My Coo Ca Choo could be a chart smash with the right solo artist. And that meant inventing a rock star. Levy wanted to call him Al Starr. His secretary suggested Alvin Stardust, and the newborn pop sensation was sent out to buy himself some clothes. Remembering the cowboy films he had loved at Saturday matinees as a child, Alvin opted for black leather. My Coo Ca Choo sold so fast that, within days of its release, he was booked for Top Of The Pops. But on the evening before the recording, as he sat in his room at a Paddington bed-and- breakfast, Alvin suffered a crisis of confidence. He was the man in black — but his hair was mousey brown. Rushing out to Woolworth’s he bought a bottle of dye and coloured his hair in the sink. The result was a disaster — with trickles of midnight blue running down both cheeks and staining his hands like ink. Rather than cancel, he bought a pair of fake sideburns the next morning from a wig-maker, and a pair of black leather gloves from a ladies’ outfitters, and created the look that made him famous. But, as he posed on stage and glowered at the camera, it was more than just his facial hair that was fake. No one had guessed it wasn’t even Alvin singing on the actual record, but the songwriter, Peter Shelley — an oddball who went on to have a schmaltzy hit with Love Me, Love My Dog. It is as a strutting, smouldering monster of glam rock - half-cowboy, half-vampire - that he will be remembered My Coo Ca Choo sold so fast that, within days of its release, he was booked for Top Of The Pops Shelley had a deeper voice, and could deliver the Elvis-style rumble. Alvin was a much lighter tenor, more in the mould of his idol, Buddy Holly. And none of the teenage audience in the Top Of The Pops crowd realised that Alvin had already enjoyed chart success more than a decade before, under a different name. As a young boy, his obsession with pop stardom began with a guitar given to him by his parents in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, when he was 12. He took it to a concert in nearby Doncaster where Buddy Holly and the Crickets were performing, hoping to look like a star himself — and his gambit succeeded when he was ushered backstage to meet the band. In the dressing-room, he duetted with Holly on Peggy Sue, before all the Crickets signed his guitar. That moment inspired him to become a singer — and it also put that two-bob plywoo


Which king was the first English Prince of Wales?

Princes of Wales Links The title of Prince of Wales was instituted in 1307 by King Edward I,    when he invested his eldest son, Edward, as the first English Prince of    Wales, at Lincoln. The traditional ostrich feather badge and the motto 'Ich    dien' ( I serve) were adopted by Edward, the Black Prince after the battle    of Crecy, they were previously believed to have belonged to the blind King    John of Bohemia, who died in the battle. (1) EDWARD OF CAERNARFON The first English Prince of Wales was born at Caernarfon on 25 April, 1284,    the fourth and eldest surviving son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castille.    On the completion of his father's conquest of the province, he was created Prince of Wales on 7 February, 1301, at the age of 16, at    a parliament at Lincoln. Edward was married to Isabella 'the She-Wolf of    France' daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre and had issue, which included the future Edward III. He reigned as Edward II from 1307-1327. He was deposed by a rebellion lead by his wife and Roger    Mortimer, Earl of March and forced to abdicate in favour of his son. Edward II was murdered in a bestial manner at Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire. He was    buried at Gloucester Cathedral. (2) EDWARD OF WOODSTOCK, THE BLACK PRINCE Edward of Woodstock, later known as the Black Prince for the colour of    his armour, was born on 15 June, 1330, the eldest son of Edward III and Phillipa of Hainault. He was created Prince of Wales on 12 May, 1343, aged    12, at Westminster and was also Earl of Chester and Duke of Cornwall, making him the first English Duke. At fourteen he was amongst the first of the knights of the Order of the Garter, which was founded by his father. He participated in the Hundred Years War with France and famously won his spurs at the Battle of Crecy, adopting as his personal emblem the Ostrich feather badge of the blind King John of Bohemia, who was killed in the battle. He also fought at the battle of Battle of Poiters. Edward married his cousin, Joan, Countess of Kent, known as    'the Fair Maid of Kent', daughter of Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Kent, the marriage was said to be a love match and produced two sons, Edward of Angouleme, who died yound and the future King Richard    II. The Black Prince was never to reign as King, he predeceased his father,    dying on 8 June, 1376. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, near to the shrine of St. Thomas A' Beckett. (3) RICHARD OF BORDEAUX The second and eldest surviving son of Edward, the Black Prince and Joan,    Countess of Kent, Richard was born on 6 January,1367 at Bordeaux. After    the death of his famous father, he was created Prince of Wales on 20 November,    1376, aged nine, at Havering. He succeeded his grandfather, Edward III, as King Richard II in 1377. Richard married twice, firstly to Anne of Bohemia    in 1383 and secondly to Isabelle of Valois in 1396, neither marriage produced    issue. A volatile and brooding character, Richard proved an unpopular King and was forced to abdicate in favour of his cousin, Henry of Bolingbroke. He was either murdered or starved to death at Pontefract Castle in 1400, he was known to be certainly dead    by 17 February of that year. (4) HENRY OF MONMOUTH The future Henry V was born in August or September, 1386-7 at Monmouth,    the eldest son of Henry, Earl of Derby (the future Henry IV) and Mary de    Bohun. On his father's accession to the throne he was created Duke of Lancaster    and Prince of Wales on 15 October, 1399, aged 12, at Westminster. He succeeded    his father in 1413. Due to his conquest of France he was to become one of the most famous of the Plantagenet Kings and an English national hero. Henry married Catherine of    Valois, the daughter of Charles VI, King of France and Isabeau of Bavaria the marriage produced one child, the    future Henry VI. Henry V died of dysentery at Bois de Vincennes whilst on campaign in France    on 31 August,


In which film did a Rolls Royce have the number plate AU 1?

Private Number Plates Articles - Film and TV Plates - Part 2 Number Plate Stories Film and TV Plates Perhaps surprisingly, the ST 1 registration was never legally assigned to any of the Saint vehicles, and the registration alone was sold in a different sale for £100,000 – more than three times as much as the car! James Bond films have always wowed their audiences with nifty gadgets including a revolving number plate. The British agent had his own distinctive mark, JB 007, but this was only used in publicity shots. The character Goldfinger had AU 1 on his 1937 Rolls Royce Phantom III Sedance de Ville. AU not only stands for the beginning of the villain’s name, Auric Goldfinger, but AU is also the symbol for gold on the periodic table. Dedicated fans of the films have coveted Bond memorabilia since those early days. In 1964, Noel Woodhall noted in his book Car Number Galaxy, More Celebrities, that it was a humble grocer that owned the number plate OO 7. In 2000, restaurant owner Adam Kaye added 8 OND to his vast James Bond collection. “I just had to own it,” said Adam, “I’ve been a Bond fan since I was a child, collecting books, photos, models and everything Bond related ever since. The plate is a highly prized addition for me.” Children’s programmes have their own array of superb plates on a variety of distinctive vehicles, from Thunderbirds number FAB 1 on Lady Penelope’s pink Rolls Royce, to Postman Pat’s van and PAT 1 (there’s even SAM 1 for Sam’s mobile shop.) If the plate is not available, it doesn’t matter, it’s fiction after all! The much more recent Scottish based programme, Ballamory has a special made up plate, BAL MOR1, on the school bus. Probably the most famous of all after FAB 1 is Chitty Chitty Bang Bang with the plate GEN 11. GEN 11 was intended to stand for genius because the main character in the film is an eccentric inventor called Caractacus Potts. The story is about a car that he builds that can fly and float as well as drive. It was written by Ian Fleming in 1961 while he was taking time off from writing James Bond books.


In 20,000 leagues Under the Sea, what was the name Captain Nemo’s submarine?

Nautilus - "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" Nautilus - "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" On the NAUTILUS men's hearts never fail them. No defects to be afraid of, for the double shell is as firm as iron, no rigging to attend to, no sails for the wind to carry away; no boilers to burst, no fire to fear, for the vessel is made of iron, not of wood; no cove to run short, for electricity is the only power; no collision to fear, for it alone swims in deep water; no tempest to brave, for when it dives below the water, it reaches absolute tranquility. That is the perfection of vessels. JULES VERNE TWENTY THOUSAND LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA, 1869 As an inspiration to the submarine pioneers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, no other literary figure loomed as large as Jules Verne, the "father of science-fiction" and the author in 1870 of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Verne's plot in Twenty Thousand Leagues is relatively simple and serves largely as a framework for describing both the wonders of the underwater world and the technologies needed to realize the author's prophetic vision of undersea travel and exploration. Captain Nemo relates [in CHAPTER XII. SOME FIGURES.] that the Nautilus "... is an elongated cylinder with conical ends. It is very like a cigar in shape, a shape already adopted in London in several constructions of the same sort. The length of this cyhnder, from stem to stern, is exactly 232 feet, and its maximum breadth is twenty-six feet. It is not built quite like your long-voyage steamers, but its lines are sufficiently long, and its curves prolonged enough, to allow the water to slide off easily, and oppose no obstacle to its passage. These two dimensions enable you to obtain by a simple calculation the surface and cubic contents of the Nautilus. Its area measures 6032 feet; and its contents about 1500 cubic yards; that is to say, when completely immersed it displaces 50,000 feet of water, or weighs 1500 tons. "The Nautilus is composed of two hulls, one inside, the other outside, joined by T-shaped irons, which render it very strong. Indeed, owing to this cellular arrangement it resists like a block, as if it were solid. Its sides cannot yield; it coheres spontaneously, and not by the closeness of its rivets; and the homogeneity of its construction, due to the perfect union of the materials, enables it to defy the roughest seas. "These two hulls are composed of steel plates, whose density is from .1 to .8 that of water. The first is not less than two inches and a half thick, and weighs 394 tons. The second envelope, the keel, twenty inches high and ten thick, weighs alone sixty-two tons. Theengine, the ballast, the several accessories and apparatus appendages, the partitions and bulkheads, weigh 961.62 tons." The anterior part of this submarine boat starting from the ship's head: the dining-room, five yards long, separated from the library by a water-tight partition; the library, five yards long; the large drawing-room, ten yards long, separated from the captain's room by a second watertight partition; the said room, five yards in length; mine, two and a half yards; and lastly, a reservoir of air, seven and a half yards, that extended to the bows. Total length thirty-five yards, or one hundred and five feet. The partitions had doors that were shut hermetically by means of india-rubber instruments, and they insured the safety of the Nautilus in case of a leak. A door opened into a kitchen nine feet long, situated between the large store-rooms. There electricity, better than gas itself, did all the cooking. The streams under the furnaces gave out to the sponges of platina a heat which was regularly kept up and distributed. They also heated a distilling apparatus, which, by evaporation, furnished excellent drinkable water. Near this kitchen was a bath-room comfortably furnished, with hot and cold water taps. Next to the kitchen was the berth-room of the vessel, sixteen feet long. At the bottom was a fourth partition, that separated this office from the engine-room. The engine-room, clearly lighted, did no


Who wrote the 1949 play Death of a Salesman?

SparkNotes: Death of a Salesman: Context Death of a Salesman Table of Contents Plot Overview Arthur Miller was born in New York City on October 17, 1915. His career as a playwright began while he was a student at the University of Michigan. Several of his early works won prizes, and during his senior year, the Federal Theatre Project in Detroit performed one of his works. He produced his first great success, All My Sons, in 1947. Two years later, Miller wrote Death of a Salesman, which won the Pulitzer Prize and transformed Miller into a national sensation. Many critics described Death of a Salesman as the first great American tragedy, and Miller gained eminence as a man who understood the deep essence of the United States. He published The Crucible in 1953, a searing indictment of the anti-Communist hysteria that pervaded 1950s America. He has won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award twice, and his Broken Glass (1993) won the Olivier Award for Best Play of the London Season. Death of a Salesman, Miller’s most famous work, addresses the painful conflicts within one family, but it also tackles larger issues regarding American national values. The play examines the cost of blind faith in the American Dream. In this respect, it offers a postwar American reading of personal tragedy in the tradition of Sophocles’ Oedipus Cycle. Miller charges America with selling a false myth constructed around a capitalist materialism nurtured by the postwar economy, a materialism that obscured the personal truth and moral vision of the original American Dream described by the country’s founders. A half century after it was written, Death of a Salesman remains a powerful drama. Its indictment of fundamental American values and the American Dream of material success may seem somewhat tame in today’s age of constant national and individual self-analysis and criticism, but its challenge was quite radical for its time. After World War II, the United States faced profound and irreconcilable domestic tensions and contradictions. Although the war had ostensibly engendered an unprecedented sense of American confidence, prosperity, and security, the United States became increasingly embroiled in a tense cold war with the Soviet Union. The propagation of myths of a peaceful, homogenous, and nauseatingly gleeful American golden age was tempered by constant anxiety about Communism, bitter racial conflict, and largely ignored economic and social stratification. Many Americans could not subscribe to the degree of social conformity and the ideological and cultural orthodoxy that a prosperous, booming, conservative suburban middle-class championed. Uneasy with this American milieu of denial and discord, a new generation of artists and writers influenced by existentialist philosophy and the hypocritical postwar condition took up arms in a battle for self-realization and expression of personal meaning. Such discontented individuals railed against capitalist success as the basis of social approval, disturbed that so many American families centered their lives around material possessions (cars, appliances, and especially the just-introduced television)—often in an attempt to keep up with their equally materialistic neighbors. The climate of the American art world had likewise long been stuck in its own rut of conformity, confusion, and disorder following the prewar climax of European Modernism and the wake of assorted -isms associated with modern art and literature. The notions of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung regarding the role of the human subconscious in defining and accepting human existence, coupled with the existentialist concern with the individual’s responsibility for understanding one’s existence on one’s own terms, captivated the imaginations of postwar artists and writers. Perhaps the most famous and widely read dramatic work associated with existentialist philosophy is Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. Miller fashioned a particularly American version of the European existentialist stance, incorporating and playing off idealistic notions of succes


Who partnered Flavia Cacace to win the Xmas Special?

Rufus Hound triumphs in Strictly's Christmas special | Television & radio | The Guardian Strictly Come Dancing Rufus Hound triumphs in Strictly's Christmas special Stage star beats DJ Sara Cox and Saturdays singer Rochelle Hulmes to win accolade with partner Flavia Cacace Flavia Cacace and Rufus Hound during the recording of BBC's Strictly Come Dancing Christmas Special 2013. Photograph: Guy Levy/BBC/PA Press Association Wednesday 25 December 2013 13.15 EST First published on Wednesday 25 December 2013 13.15 EST Close This article is 3 years old Comedian Rufus Hound triumphed in the Strictly Come Dancing Christmas special – his second win in a BBC dance contest. He beat rivals including DJ Sara Cox and Saturdays singer Rochelle Humes to lift the trophy for his tango with partner Flavia Cacace. Hound previously won the BBC1 series Let's Dance for Sport Relief in 2010. Cacace was the partner of Louis Smith when he was the victor in last year's Strictly series but she did not take part in the 2013 run of the show which ended on Saturday. Elaine Paige topped the voting with the judging panel in the one-off festive Strictly show for her cha cha cha with Pasha Kovalev to Jingle Bells. Hound and Cacace drew 38 from the judges while Paige and Kovalev took a near-perfect 39. But when it went to the audience vote, Hound stepped out in front for his performance to Never Do a Tango With an Eskimo. The surprised winner said: "It's surreal in the extreme. We didn't really set out to win; the fact that it's happened – I don't know what it means. I think if I had more of a taste for the ballroom, they'd be serving it in a burger!" And he told his dance partner: "You came into this as the reigning champion so you were putting a lot on the line to dance with me, and have been spectacular all the way through." Also taking part were former Bros frontman Matt Goss and EastEnders' Ricky Norwood.


Under whose reign did England lose its last possession on mainland France?

Great Britain: History Great Britain History Until 1707, this section deals primarily with English history. England and Wales were formally united in 1536. In 1707, when Great Britain was created by the Act of Union between Scotland and England, English history became part of British history. For the early history of Scotland and Wales , see separate articles. See also Ireland ; Ireland, Northern ; and the tables entitled Rulers of England and Great Britain and Prime Ministers of Great Britain . Early Period to the Norman Conquest Although evidence of human habitation in Great Britain dates to more than 800,000 years ago, ice sheets forced the inhabitants from the island several times, and modern settlement dates only from about 12,000 years ago. Little is known about the earliest modern prehistoric inhabitants of Britain, but the remains of their tor and causewayed enclosures, dolmens, and barrows and the great stone circles at Stonehenge and Avebury are evidence of the developed culture of the prehistoric Britons. They had developed a Bronze Age culture by the time the first Celtic invaders (early 5th cent. B.C.) brought their energetic Iron Age culture to Britain. It is believed that Julius Caesar's successful military campaign in Britain in 54 B.C. was aimed at preventing incursions into Gaul from the island. In A.D. 43 the emperor Claudius began the Roman conquest of Britain, establishing bases at present-day London and Colchester. By A.D. 85, Rome controlled Britain south of the Clyde River. There were a number of revolts in the early years of the conquest, the most famous being that of Boadicea . In the 2d cent. A.D., Hadrian's Wall was constructed as a northern defense line. Under the Roman occupation towns developed, and roads were built to ensure the success of the military occupation. These roads were the most lasting Roman achievement in Britain (see Watling Street ), long serving as the basic arteries of overland transportation in England. Colchester, Lincoln, and Gloucester were founded by the Romans as colonia, settlements of ex-legionaries. Trade contributed to town prosperity; wine, olive oil, plate, and furnishings were imported, and lead, tin, iron, wheat, and wool were exported. This trade declined with the economic dislocation of the late Roman Empire and the withdrawal of Roman troops to meet barbarian threats elsewhere. The garrisons had been consumers of the products of local artisans as well as of imports; as they were disbanded, the towns decayed. Barbarian incursions became frequent. In 410 an appeal to Rome for military aid was refused, and Roman officials subsequently were withdrawn. As Rome withdrew its legions from Britain, Germanic peoples—the Anglo-Saxons and the Jutes—began raids that turned into great waves of invasion and settlement in the later 5th cent. The Celts fell back into Wales and Cornwall and across the English Channel to Brittany, and the loosely knit tribes of the newcomers gradually coalesced into a heptarchy of kingdoms (see Kent , Sussex , Essex , Wessex , East Anglia , Mercia , and Northumbria ). Late in the 8th cent., and with increasing severity until the middle of the 9th cent., raiding Vikings (known in English history as Danes) harassed coastal England and finally, in 865, launched a full-scale invasion. They were first effectively checked by King Alfred of Wessex and were with great difficulty confined to the Danelaw , where their leaders divided land among the soldiers for settlement. Alfred's successors conquered the Danelaw to form a united England, but new Danish invasions late in the 10th cent. overcame ineffective resistance (see Æthelred , 965?–1016). The Dane Canute ruled all England by 1016. At the expiration of the Scandinavian line in 1042, the Wessex dynasty (see Edward the Confessor ) regained the throne. The conquest of England in 1066 by William, duke of Normandy ( William I of England), ended the Anglo-Saxon period. The freeman (ceorl) of the early Germanic invaders had been responsible to the king and superior to the serf. Subsequent centuries of


Which French Monarch was known as the Citizen King?

Louis Philippe Encyclopedia  >  History  >  Biographies  >  French History: Biographies Louis Philippe Louis Philippe (lwē fēlēpˈ) [ key ], 1773–1850, king of the French (1830–48), known before his accession as Louis Philippe, duc d'Orléans. The son of Philippe Égalité (see Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph, duc d' ), he joined the army of the French Revolution, but deserted (1793) with Gen. Charles François Dumouriez . Although in exile for the next 20 years, he did not collaborate with France's enemies. Reconciled with the Bourbons , he returned to France after their restoration and soon recovered his huge fortune. He figured in the liberal opposition to kings Louis XVIII and Charles X and was supported by the discontented upper bourgeoisie and by the liberal journalists. In the July Revolution of 1830, Louis Philippe was made lieutenant general of the realm and, with the support of the marquis de Lafayette , was chosen "king of the French." His reign, known as the July Monarchy, marked the triumph of the wealthy bourgeoisie and a return to influence of many former Napoleonic officials. Although the constitutional charter of 1814 was revised (1830) in a liberal direction, the new legislature was unresponsive to the economic needs and political desires of the lower classes. In the early years of his reign, Louis Philippe's basically conservative outlook was strengthened by a number of workers' demonstrations and by several attempts on his life, notably that of Giuseppe Fieschi (1835). Although the king was a constitutional monarch, he gained considerable personal power by splitting the liberal movement and appointing weak ministers, such as Louis Molé . Eventually a conservative ministry, dominated (1840–48) by François Guizot , who had the king's confidence, came to power. In foreign policy, Louis Philippe promoted Anglo-French friendship and supported colonial expansion; Algeria was conquered in his reign. He cooperated with England in support (1831) of Belgian independence and in the Quadruple Alliance of 1834. The Franco-British rapprochement was ended (1846), however, by the Spanish marriages (see Isabella II ), which violated a previous Franco-British agreement. In France, Louis Philippe became increasingly unpopular. On the right he was opposed by the legitimists (who supported the senior Bourbon line) and by the Bonapartists. The leftist elements organized numerous secret revolutionary societies. The opposition to the government undertook (1847–48) a banquet campaign to propagate the demand for electoral reform. The campaign led to the February Revolution of 1848. Louis Philippe abdicated in favor of his grandson (see Orléans , family), but a republic was set up. The king fled to England, where he died. Louis Philippe was known as the "citizen king" because of his bourgeois manner and dress, and he and his regime were satirized by Honoré Daumier . See J. Lucas-Dubreton, The Restoration and the July Monarchy (tr. 1929); biographies by J. S. C. Abbott (1902), C. Gavin (1933), A. de Stoeckl (1958), T. E. Howarth (1961), and P. H. Beik (1965). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.


In which book do the Ten Commandments first appear?

The Ten Commandments » Mosaic The Ten Commandments Moses Smashing the Tables of the Law Rembrandt van Rijn, 1659. Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. Essay 230   9 Comments Print Email Kindle The biblical book of Genesis presents the story of how God’s new way for humankind finds its first adherent in a single individual—Abraham, a man out of Mesopotamia—and how that way survives through three generations in the troubled households of Abraham, his son Isaac, and his grandson Jacob, who is renamed Israel. By the end of Genesis and the beginning of Exodus, the children of Israel are settled in Egypt, a land of good and plenty, where they are soon teeming and prospering—only, a brief time thereafter, to find themselves subjugated and enslaved. How this multitude becomes transformed into a people, out of and against Egypt, is the subject of Exodus and the following books. This essay is now available to buy at the Kindle Store. (You don’t need to own a Kindle to read the full essay. Any computer, e-reader, tablet, or mobile device will do.) The central event in the national founding of the Israelite people is the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai. The “Ten Commandments” (Exodus 20: 1-14), pronounced there by the Lord God to the assembled and recently liberated children of Israel, constitute the most famous teaching of the book of Exodus, perhaps of the entire Hebrew Bible. Prescribing proper conduct toward God and man, the Decalogue embodies the core principles of the Israelite way of life and, later, of what would become known as the Judeo-Christian ethic. Even in our increasingly secular age, its influence on the prevailing morality of the West is enormous, albeit not always acknowledged or welcomed. Yet, despite its notoriety, the Decalogue is still only superficially known, in part because its very familiarity interferes with a deeper understanding of its teachings. This essay, in aspiring to such an understanding, intends also to build a case for the enduring moral and political significance of the Decalogue—a universal significance that goes far beyond its opposition to murder, adultery, and theft.   1. Structure and Context We can begin by correcting some common misimpressions, starting with the name “Ten Commandments.” Although most of the entries in the Decalogue appear in the imperative mode (“Thou shalt” or “Thou shalt not”), they are not called commandments (mitzvot) but rather statements or words: “And God spoke all these words.” Later in the Bible we hear about the ten words—in the Greek translation, deka logoi or Decalogue— but whether the reference is to these same statements is far from obvious. No help is provided by counting. Traditional exegetes derived as many as thirteen “commands” from God’s speech in Exodus 20, and because internal divisions within particular statements are unclear, even those who agree on the number ten disagree on how to reckon them. Furthermore, no mention is made in Exodus 20 of the famous tablets of stone on which, in traditional imagery, we see the Decalogue inscribed, five statements on each. When such tablets are mentioned later on, we are not told what is written on them. What then do we know about the structure of these pronouncements? One group of them touches mainly on the relation between God and the individual Israelite: the first words spoken are “I the Lord [am] thy God,” and within this group we hear the phrase “the Lord thy God” four more times. The second group (beginning with “Thou shalt not murder”) touches primarily on conduct between and among human beings; in this section God is not mentioned, and the very last word of the Decalogue, “thy neighbor,” marks a far distance from the opening “I the Lord.” Next, nearly all of the statements are formulated in the negative. The first few statements proscribe wrongful ways of relating to the divine—no other gods, no images, no vain use of the divine name—while the last six begin with lo, “not.” Human beings, it seems, are more in need of restraint than of encouragement. In this sea of prohibition, two positive exhortations stand out:


Who did Lord Peter Wimsey marry in the novel Busman’s Honeymoon?

Busman's Honeymoon : Dorothy L. Sayers : 9780563525479 Add to basket Add to wishlist Description Society's eligible women are in mourning. Lord Peter Wimsey has married at last, having finally succeeded in his ardent pursuit of the lovely mystery novelist Harriet Vane. The two depart for a tranquil honeymoon in a country farmhouse but find, instead of a well-prepared love nest, the place left in a shambles by the previous owner. His sudden appearance, dead from a broken skull in the cellar, only prompts more questions. Why would anyone have wanted to kill old Mr Noakes? What dark secrets had he to hide? The honeymoon is over, as Lord Peter and Harriet Vane start their investigations. Suspicion is rife and everyone seems to have something to hide, from the local constable to the housekeeper. Wimsey and his wife can think of plenty of theories, but it's not until they discover a vital fact that the identity of the murderer becomes clear. 2 CDs. 2 hrs 25 mins. show more Product details 124                   x 142                   x 10mm                                   | 58.97g Publication date