What is the name of the pre-Roman ancient road that runs from Wallingford in Oxfordshire to Knettishall Heath in Norfolk?

c.800BCE at least: The Icknield Way, Britain’s oldest road | The Isles Project bringing the story of people, nature and lands to life c.800BCE at least: The Icknield Way, Britain’s oldest road Flowy trails , taken on a stretch of the Icknield Way in Buckinghamshire, originally uploaded by Pimpmaster Jazz . From the Icknield Way Path website – The Oldest Road in Britain The Icknield Way is unique among long distance tracks because it can claim to be “the oldest road in Britain”. Extending from Ivinghoe Beacon in Buckinghamshire to Knettishall Heath in Norfolk, it consists of prehistoric pathways, ancient when the Romans came. Dotted with archaeological remains, it survives as splendid tracks and green lanes along the chalk “spine” of England. The Icknield Way Association looks after the interests of the route as a whole, monitoring any actions that may threaten its integrity and urging improvements to the route for walkers. Archaeology The Icknield Way connects important archaeological areas of Wessex and East Anglia. Its route is marked by numerous field monuments and ancient sites, both visible and invisible. These are often on a ridge overlooking the route, since the Way seldom follows the highest ground as its users wished to avoid the clay that often capped the chalk ridge. From an archaeological point of view, the Icknield Way is best described as a belt, studded with archaeological features placed irregularly along its length. Ornithology In many ways a walk along the Icknield Way Path gives us the opportunity to sample a whole range of ornithological habitats at whatever time of year, and it can be very surprising to discover just how bird communities vary along its length. Not that the Icknield Way is really a cross section of average lowland bird life, rather it follows a narrow divide between different habitats, just as it followed a natural line in the early landscape for man. Plant Life The rock underlying our walking route is almost exclusively chalk but the effect of this on plant life is often masked by the predominant glacial or postglacial deposits which overlie the chalk ridge. Soils result which, although seldom acid, vary in consistency from the heavy Boulder Clay of Essex and South Cambridgeshire, to the poor, light Breckland sand of Suffolk and Norfolk. Geology Throughout its length the Icknield Way runs over chalk, avoiding both the Chalk Marl and Gault Clay to the north and the Clay with Flints and glacial Boulder Clay, 25 metres thick and more, which caps the crest of the chalk to the south. The footpath strays onto the Boulder Clay where it loops a mile or two south near Chrishall and again near Brinkley. The Way runs mainly over open country where soils are light in texture, developed on the chalk itself or on overlying sandy deposits a few to several metres thick. East of Kentford, towards Thetford, extensive sands and gravels, mainly of glacial origin, mask the chalk and give the characteristic Breckland landscape. From wikipedia – The Icknield Way is one of the oldest roads in Great Britain , being one of the few long-distance trackways to have existed before the Romans occupied the country, of which the route can still be traced. The name is Celto-British in derivation, and may be named after the Iceni tribe , who may have established this route to permit trade with other parts of the country from their base in East Anglia . It has also been suggested that the road has older prehistoric origins. However, the name is also said to have been initially used for the part to the west and south (i.e. south of the River Thames ) but now refers usually to the track or traces north of the Thames. From ancient times, at least early as the Iron Age period (before the Roman invasion of 43 AD) and through Anglo-Saxon times, it stretched from Berkshire through Oxfordshire and crossed the River Thames near Goring Gap or Wallingford . In many places the track consists or consisted of several routes, particularly as it passes along the line of the escarpment of the Chilterns , probably because of the seasona


Which television personality was elected the mayor of Cincinnati in 1977?

Jerry Springer Biography (TV Personality) Birthplace: London, England Best known as: Host of The Jerry Springer Show Jerry Springer is the unflappable host of the lighthearted and tawdry daytime talk show, The Jerry Springer Show. The son of Jewish refugees, Springer was born in England in 1944, but moved to New York City when he was five years old. He was educated at Tulane University and Northwestern University's college of law before jumping into politics as an aide to the 1968 presidential campaign of Robert F. Kennedy . After Kennedy's assassination, Springer joined a law firm in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was elected to Cincinnati's city council in 1971, when he was just 27 years old. He proved to be a popular and idealistic politician, though his rising political career stalled briefly when he was caught having paid a prostitute -- with a personal check. He apologized, resigned, was re-elected to the council, and in 1977 was elected mayor of Cincinnati at the age of 33. Springer served one term, then made an unusual move into local television, serving as commentator and anchor for local station WLWT from 1982-93. The Jerry Springer Show made its debut in 1991 and was originally syndicated as a serious, issues-oriented talk show. It soon morphed into an arena for average-joe guests to air personal confessions and dirty laundry, with Springer playing the role of the calm, bemused moderator. The show became a hit and a staple of daytime and late night syndication. In later years Springer returned to his political roots, publicly toying with the notion of running for office again and serving as a delegate to the 2004 Democratic National Convention. He hosted a syndicated radio show, Springer on the Radio, from 2005-06. Extra credit: His carnival-like TV show spawned a musical, Jerry Springer The Opera, first staged in London in 2003; Springer himself is not affiliated with the production… Springer appeared on the show Dancing With the Stars in 2006; the competition was won by former NFL star Emmitt Smith. Copyright © 1998-2017  by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.


Who was the 17th century English poet and Member of Parliament, who is best remembered for his poem entitled 'To His Coy Mistress'?

Andrew Marvell facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Andrew Marvell COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. Andrew Marvell The English poet and politician Andrew Marvell (1621-1678), one of the writers of the 17th century most admired by the 20th, composed lyric poetry which is sensuous, witty, elegant, and sometimes passionate. Were Andrew Marvell not a major poet in his own right, he might be regarded primarily as a fascinating transitional figure. His work is deeply under the influence of John Donne and the metaphysical school, yet it shares its formal elegance and smoothness with the "tribe of Ben," the poets who clustered about the influential Ben Jonson and came to form the Cavalier school. Furthermore he was a protégéand disciple of John Milton, whose intense and broad-ranging participation in Renaissance philosophical, poetic, and theological traditions finds its counterpart in his own work. Like Milton, he wrote considerable poetry devoted to contemporary political questions, and he wrote verse satire akin to that of John Dryden, who is generally seen as the leading spirit of a new age. Marvell was born on March 31, 1621, at Winestead-in-Holderness, Yorkshire. His father, a Calvinistic Anglican clergyman, became master of the Charterhouse, an almshouse, and preacher at Holy Trinity Church in Hull, where the family moved in 1624; the poet's mother was to die in 1638, his father in 1641. In 1633 Marvell began his studies at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he remained until 1641, receiving a bachelor of arts degree in 1639. Late in his Trinity years, a plausible tradition holds, Marvell was converted to Roman Catholicism by persuasive Jesuits but was promptly brought back to the Anglican faith by his father. By the outbreak of the civil war in 1642 Marvell's academic career had ended short of his completing a master of arts degree, perhaps as a result of his father's accidental death, and he began a 4-year sojourn in Europe, probably tutoring the son of a well-to-do family. First Works Though in poems written between 1645 and 1649 he had evinced royalist sympathies, Marvell seems to have been attracted by the strong personality of Oliver Cromwell, and in 1650 he wrote "An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland." Commonly acknowledged a masterful piece of political poetry, this ode has occasioned some controversy as to the degree of unqualified admiration with which the poet regards the military harshness of the Puritan general. For 2 or 3 years beginning in 1651, Marvell was tutor to Mary Fairfax, daughter of Lord General Fairfax, a retired Commonwealth general who lived at Nun Appleton, and here he wrote some memorable poems. Among them are the lovely "Music's Empire" and "Upon Appleton House, to My Lord Fairfax," a complex and sophisticated compliment to Mary Fairfax consisting of almost 400 octosyllabic couplets in which landscape description serves emblematically to convey political and philosophical ideals. Political Career In 1653 Milton attempted unsuccessfully to have Marvell made his assistant as Latin secretary (a position like that of secretary of state) to Cromwell; instead Marvell became tutor to a young ward of Cromwell named William Dutton. He tutored first at Eton, in the house of a man who had been to Bermuda and may possibly have provided the inspiration for the charming "Bermudas," in which a tropical island is presented as a Puritan paradise. Later, his tutoring duties took him to France. In 1657 Marvell was appointed Latin secretary himself and remained in office until the restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660. He continued to write political poetry, much of it celebrating his admiration for Cromwell, such as "The First Anniversary of the Government under Oliver Cromwell" in 1655 and "Upon the Death of O.C." in 1658. In 1659 he was elected member of Parliament for Hull and served in the House of Commons for the rest of his life. Unlike the tempestuous Milton, however, Marvell was not an embattled and passionately committed politician but rather a quiet civ


In which American state could you visit the eroded

State Food Rankings: 50 American States Ranked by Food/Drink - Thrillist Thrillist Log in or Sign Up to start saving places View your Get Thrillist in Your Inbox Discover the very best food, drink and fun in your city. Eat up! I confirm I am at least 21 years old Follow Thrillist Workouts That Are So Last Year, and What to Do Instead During America Week, a parlor game emerged among our editors, in which we discussed what state we'd want to eat and drink in for the rest of our lives if we couldn’t move anywhere else. And, in order to prove each other wrong, we began to research, then really research, and then began to get deep into some weird food forums, and, at the end of it all, we realized we needed to do the most research possible and turn this into a story.  So here is what we did: we ranked states by the food/drink available in that state, focusing on four key questions: 1) What did they produce (beef, oranges, ugh, sorghum?), 2) What iconic items were they known for (Key lime pie? onion burgers?), 3) What is their beer/wine/spirits production like ( great breweries /wineries?), and finally 4) What is the food/drink scene like in their cities? Weighing all those factors, here is our by-no-means-scientific ranking. If you disagree and want to tell us how stupid our faces are, well, that’s what Internet commenting forums are all about:  50. South Dakota When you Google "South Dakota and food," an image of a hungry child crying comes up, and then the computer goes black. 49. North Dakota This could have been at 50. We flipped a coin. 48. Utah You pride yourself on your secret “fry sauce,” which is just the same ketchup and mayo hybrid one finds at burger joints EVERYWHERE. But at least you have really arcane liquor laws ! 47. Iowa Your  most iconic food is meat that a person was too lazy to pack together. Related Jennifer Bui/Thrillist 46. Delaware Putting aside the false rumors that you actually have BLUE HENS, Dogfish Head  is the only thing keeping you out of the Dakota zone.   Does moonshine count as food? No? Oh.   Your football team is named after corn preparation. So that’s something?   42. New Hampshire Everyone is too busy planning out which NASCAR T-shirt they’re going to wear to vote in the primaries two years from now to cook... all those apples lying around rotting in their yards next to all those old Paul Tsongas campaign signs.   41. Indiana Hoosiers pride themselves on a shrimp cocktail at this one steakhouse that has, like, really spicy cocktail sauce! Try the famous pork tenderloin sandwiches ! Are you asleep yet? When you wake up, someone probably will have taken you to a [INSERT LITERALLY ANY FAST-FOOD CHAIN]. Jennifer Bui/Thrillist 40. Montana It has some sneakily good breweries and unfettered access to freshly ground bison meat. But still… Montana. A rich man’s Wyoming, one might say.   39. Idaho Have you ever bitten into a potato fresh out of the ground? Us neither, but it’s probably better or something?   38. Alaska When you’re not eating wolves that Sarah Palin shot out of a helicopter, we will admit that your fresh salmon and crab legs are not without their charms.   37. Arkansas If someone in South Dakota moved here, they would be in foodie heaven. But Arkansas lacks the dominant iconic Southern foods of literally all their neighbors to the South. They do have pretty good cheese dip and possum pie, though.   36. Kansas It suffers from the fact that the bulk of its namesake city lies across the border in Missouri, though it does fully own the culinary hotbed that is... Wichita. Hey, at least confusingly named Oklahoma Joe's is now Joe's Kansas City Bar-B-Que.   35. Rhode Island You’ve got frozen lemonade, grilled pizzas, serviceable Italian food, and Narragansett . Which would be fine, if you didn’t also have the worst of all styles of clam chowder.   34. Arizona Allegedly inventing the chimichanga and deciding to deep-fry a burrito definitely counts for something. Phoenix has AT LEAST one solid restaurant amidst all the chains ( Pizzeria Bianco! ). If you happen to be a minority, drop Arizon


The chemical elements Erbium, Terbium, Ytterbium and Yttrum areall named after a village in which European country?

Elements Named for Places - Element Toponyms Berkelium – University of California at Berkeley Californium – State of California and University of California at Berkeley Copper - probably named for Cyprus Darmstadtium – Darmstadt, Germany Erbium – Ytterby, a town in Sweden Europium – Europe Francium – France Gallium – Gallia, Latin for France. Also named for Lecoq de Boisbaudran, the element's discoverer (Lecoq in Latin is gallus) Germanium – Germany Hafnium – Hafnia, Latin for Copenhagen Hassium – Hesse, Germany Holmium – Holmia, Latin for Stockholm Lutetium – Lutecia, ancient name for Paris Magnesium – Magnesia prefecture in Thessaly, Greece Rhenium – Rhenus, Latin for Rhine, a German province continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance Ruthenium – Ruthenia, Latin for Russia Scandium – Scandia, Latin for Scandinavia Strontium – Strontian, a town in Scotland Terbium – Ytterby, Sweden Thulium – Thule, a mythical island in the far north (Scandinavia?) Ytterbium – Ytterby, Sweden


Which Australian batsman scored a then world record 380 runs ina Test Match against Zimbabwe in 2003?

Matthew Hayden scores 380 against Zimbabwe at Perth; beats Brian Lara’s world record - Cricket Country › Matthew Hayden scores 380 against Zimbabwe at Perth; beats Brian Lara’s world record On October 10, 2003, Australian opener Matthew Hayden became the highest individual run-scorer in a single Test innings when he went past Brian Lara's 375, at the WACA against Zimbabwe, when he scored 380 runs. Jaideep Vaidya revisits the epic knock. | Updated : August 24, 2014 3:08 PM IST Matthew Hayden celebrates after breaking Brian Lara’s world record of 375 © Getty Images On October 10, 2003, Australian opener Matthew Hayden became the highest individual run-scorer in a single Test innings when he went past Brian Lara’s 375, at the WACA against Zimbabwe, when he scored 380 runs. Jaideep Vaidya revisits the epic knock. In December 2003, four Australian entities entered the Guinness World Records for the year. A New South Welshman called James Harrison had donated more blood (480 litres) than anyone else, a tanning salon in Ballarat did more tans in a day (66) than any other, and a group of lawn bowlers from Ballina played the world’s longest game, lasting 57 hours. The fourth was recorded at the Western Australia Cricket Association (WACA) ground in Perth, and it was the biggest batting record in the history of the sport. Matthew Hayden did not lose any blood, did not get an artificial tan and was not out in the middle as long as the lawn bowlers, but in just over five sessions of cricket he had scripted one the most gargantuan innings ever seen. His 380 runs against a listless Zimbabwean attack at the beginning of the Australian summer broke the nine-year-old Test record of 375 runs accumulated by Brian Lara. On the way, he passed legendary names such as Graham Gooch (333) , Don Bradman (334) , Mark Taylor (334 not out), Wally Hammond (336 not out), Hanif Mohammad (337), Sanath Jayasuriya (340), Len Hutton (364) and Garry Sobers (365 not out). Hayden’s career cycle had finally reached the top, after a slow and dragging start. Since making his debut in 1994, his first six Test matches were spread over three years. Between 1997 and 2000, he did not play a single Test as the selectors preferred to open the innings with Taylor and Matthew Elliott . However, a successful series against New Zealand in 2000, followed by a career-defining tour of India, where he scored an Australian record 549 runs in three Tests, Hayden had finally arrived in the Australian team. Taking advantage of Zimbabwe captain Heath Streak’s generosity of allowing Australia to bat on what didn’t look like a typically seaming and difficult WACA surface, Hayden batted calmly through the first two sessions, reaching tea on Day One on 76. It was here that he decided to step on the gas. Hayden blazed his way to 183 when stumps were called, having added 107 in the final session, including 83 off his last 53 balls. Later that evening, in the Australian dressing room, fitness coach Jock Campbell asked Hayden how he was feeling after what seemed like a tiring day of batting in the sun. Replied Hayden, “180, no problems. I’ll turn it into 380 tomorrow.” On Day Two, Hayden soon passed his previous highest Test score of 203 — made in India the previous year — and then his highest First-Class score of 235 not out. He then became the 16th batsman in the world and fifth Australia to score a triple century with a single to mid-off off Heath Streak. Not long later, he passed the highest individual score by an Australian of 334 — jointly held by Bradman and Taylor — with a single to long-off. It was a great occasion, but Hayden did not even know about it. “I’ve never been a stats junkie, so I genuinely didn’t know until that day that 334 was a magical number in Australian cricket,” he wrote in his autobiography Standing My Ground. “That’s one of the reasons I was pretty restrained when I passed it — it had never been my Everest.” Hayden carried on; he hit a maximum straight down the ground to reach 364, equalling Hutton’s score, before a single put him on par with Sobers’s 365. An


'Just For Laughs' is afamous televised comedy festival held annually in which Canadian city?

The Best Festivals in Canada The Best Festivals in Canada By Jane McLean Updated February 05, 2016. Canada is diverse and vast, and the festivals that we celebrate reflect this. From a cowboy hoe-down to sophisticated cultural events, Canadian festivals and events attract visitors worldwide.   1.  Vancouver Celebration of Light, Vancouver The largest fireworks competition in the world is held over several nights every summer in Vancouver. More than just a pyrotechnical extravaganza, the Honda Celebration of Light comprises concerts, food stalls and the Seawall Challenge, a popular urban adventure race. More » continue reading below our video America's Best Foodie Cities 2.  The Calgary Stampede, Calgary Don your cowboy hat and spurs and head on over to The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth. Each year, more than one million people visit Calgary to partake in this 10-day Calgary Stampede party held every July. The city of Calgary features good old fashioned hospitality combined with cultural diversity. Drive an hour out of town, and you're in the heart of the Canadian Rockies and popular destinations like Banff and Jasper , where a world of outdoor adventure awaits.  More » From its humble beginning in 1980, the Edmonton Folk Festival has grown to be one of the world's premier folk festivals. Held each August, the festival's lineup is always outstanding and ticket prices reasonable. Edmonton is also a gateway to Jasper and the Canadian Rockies, about two hours away.  4.  Toronto International Film Festival, Toronto The Toronto International Film Festivals is one of the leading film festivals in the world, ranking closely with Cannes and Sundance. Films such as Hotel Rwanda, American Beauty, and The Big Chill made their premieres at this prominent star-studded event held each September. 5.  Winterlude, Ottawa Canadians celebrate sub-zero temperatures and waist-high snowdrifts by staging great winter festivals, such as Ottawa's Winterlude . For the first three weekend's every February, the nation's capital puts on a winter festival that features ice-skating on the world's longest rink, ice sculptures, a snow playground, concerts and more. More » Photo courtesy Ottawa Tourism 6.  Canada Day Celebrations, July 1st, Ottawa & Canadawide July 1st celebrations in Canada are akin to the July 4th festivities in the US. Marking Canada's birth as a country, July 1st sees Canadians donning their red and white attire and whooping it up with fireworks and lots of that good Canadian beer. The celebration is nationwide, but Ottawa will show you a particularly good time. Read all about the history and celebrations surrounding  Canada Day .  More » The Montreal Jazz Festival is a 10-day annual event spanning the end of June to beginning of July. The acts range from up and coming to well established, indoor or outdoor, free or pricey. 7.  Montreal Jazz Fest, Montreal Every June/July, the Montreal International Jazz Festival offers about 500 concerts, of which three-quarters are free of charge, and hosts about 2,000 musicians from over 20 countries. Two million music lovers arrive in Montreal, Quebec, for THE international jazz rendez-vous and launching pad for new talent, Expect to see the biggest names in not just jazz but other types of music. Performing artists have included Diana Krall,  Norah Jones, and Aretha Franklin.  The 2016 festival welcomes Diana Ross, Cab Calloway and Wynton Marsalis amongst others.  More » Uyen Le / Getty Images 8.  Montreal Just For Laughs Comedy Festival, Montreal Since 1983, the Montreal Comedy Festival , or, Just for Laughs as it is more commonly known, has been inviting people to get together just for fun, just for entertainment -- just for laughs. The festival, held every July, has grown in popularity and reputation and today features some of the world's greatest comedians and spawned a television show that is broadcast internationally.


Which French painter famously designed a garden at his home in Giverny, in which he created many of his most famous paintings?

Claude Monet's garden at Giverny for your next Stay in Paris ! The Two Gardens There are two parts in Monet's garden: a flower garden called Clos      Normand in front of the house and a Japanese inspired water garden on the other side of the road. The two parts of Monet's garden contrast and complement one      another. Claude Monet's Home and Garden in            Giverny in Spring - Giverny             Photo by Ariane Cauderlie r The Clos Normand When Monet and his family settled         in Giverny in 1883 the  piece of land         sloping gently down from the house to the road was planted         with an orchard and enclosed by high stone walls. A central alley bordered with pines separated it into two         parts. Monet had the pines cut down, keeping only the two yews         closest to the house to please Alice. From this Clos Normand of about one hectare, Monet made a         garden full of perspectives, symmetries and colours. The land is divided into flowerbeds where flower          clumps of different heights create volume. Fruit         trees or ornamental trees dominate the climbing roses, the long         -stemmed hollyhocks and the coloured banks of annuals. Monet         mixed the simplest flowers (daisies and poppies) with the most         rare varieties. The central alley is covered over by iron arches on which         climbing roses grow. Other rose trees cover the         balustrade along the house. At the end of the summer nasturtiums         invade the soil in the central alley. Claude Monet did not like organized nor         constrained gardens. He married flowers according to their         colours and left them to grow rather freely. With the passing years he developed a passion for botany,         exchanging plants with his friends Clemenceau and Caillebotte.  Always on the look-out for rare varieties, he bought young         plants at great expense. "All my money goes into my garden," he         said. But also: "I am in raptures." Giverny Claude Monet's Garden Main Alley            late summer - Photo Ariane Cauderlier Claude Monet Water Lily Pond  in Giverny -            Photo Ariane Cauderlier The water garden In 1893, ten years after his arrival at Giverny, Monet bought         the piece of land neighbouring his property on the other side of         the railway. It was crossed by a small brook, the Ru, which is a         diversion of the Epte, a tributary of the Seine River. With the         support of the prefecture, Monet had the first small pond dug ;         even though his peasant neighbours were opposed. They were         afraid that his strange plants would poison the water. Later on the pond would be enlarged to its present         day size. The water garden is full of asymmetries and curves. It         is inspired by the Japanese gardens that Monet knew from the         prints he collected avidly. In this water garden you will find the famous Japanese bridge        covered with wisterias, other smaller bridges, weeping willows, a        bamboo wood and above all the famous nympheas which bloom all        summer long. The pond and the surrounding vegetation form an        enclosure separated from the surrounding countryside. Never before had a painter so shaped his subjects in         nature before painting them. And so he created his works twice.         Monet would find his inspiration in this water garden for more         than twenty years. After the Japanese bridge series, he would         devote himself to the giant decorations of the Orangerie. Always looking for mist and transparencies, Monet would         dedicate himself less to flowers than to reflections in water, a         kind of inverted world transfigured by the liquid


Located beneath 'Roald Dahl Plass', what is the name given to the team's headquarters in 'Torchwood'?

Torchwood Institute : definition of Torchwood Institute and synonyms of Torchwood Institute (English) http://www.torchwood.org.uk/ The Torchwood Institute (usually referred to simply as Torchwood) is a fictional secret organization from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who and its spin-off series Torchwood . It was established in 1879 by Queen Victoria after the events of " Tooth and Claw ". Its prime directive is to defend the earth against extraterrestrial threats. It is later revealed in " Army of Ghosts " that the Torchwood Institute has begun to use their findings to restore the British Empire to its former glory. To those ends, the organization started to acquire and reverse engineer alien technology. According to one base director, Yvonne Hartman , its nationalist attitude includes refusing to use metric units. [2] While described as "beyond the UN", [1] the Torchwood Institute is seen to cooperate with UNIT (the Unified Intelligence Taskforce, formerly known as the United Nations Intelligence Taskforce) to some extent. [6] There appears to have been some rapport with the Prime Minister , [6] although it is noted by Harriet Jones in " The Christmas Invasion " that she is not meant to know of Torchwood. [7] Those who have come in contact with Torchwood primarily believe it to be a special forces team. [1] [8] They appear to maintain this illusion by using false witnesses, [9] or by sectioning any journalists who threaten to expose the truth, [10] and via the use of memory altering drugs . [1] Following a major incident which led to the destruction of Torchwood One, [11] Jack Harkness rebuilds Torchwood to become less confrontational and more secretive in honour of the Doctor . [12] Contents See also: Torchwood#Overview  and Story arcs in Doctor Who#Torchwood The phrase "Torchwood", an anagram of "Doctor Who", was used as the codename for the new 2005 series of Doctor Who while filming its first few episodes and on the ' rushes ' tapes to ensure that they would not be intercepted. [13] At the end of the first series , Russell T Davies confirmed that the arc word for Series 2 would be an anagram which had been used before (the "Old Earth Torchwood Institute" had been mentioned in the episode " Bad Wolf "). [14] The Torchwood arc ran the length of the second series, either mentioned just in passing (" Rise of the Cybermen ", " The Idiot's Lantern ", " Fear Her ", " Love & Monsters '), or providing backstory about the Institute: its inception in 1879 (" Tooth and Claw "), its access to alien technology (" The Christmas Invasion "), and an expedition to a planet orbiting a black hole (" The Impossible Planet "/" The Satan Pit "), until the first contemporary appearance in " Army of Ghosts "/" Doomsday ". Following the conclusion of the Torchwood arc, ancillary media and the Torchwood spin-off itself would contribute towards defining and expanding upon the Institute's fictional history.   Fictional history   1879–2006 The Institute was founded by Queen Victoria in 1879, following the events of the Doctor Who episode " Tooth and Claw ". [15] While staying at Torchwood House, the Scottish estate of Sir Robert MacLeish, the Queen ( Pauline Collins ) was attacked by a werewolf , in reality an alien intelligence that planned to infect her with its consciousness by biting her. The werewolf was ultimately dispatched, thanks to the efforts of the Tenth Doctor ( David Tennant ) and the sacrifice of Sir Robert. Having discovered that "Great Britain had enemies beyond imagination," Victoria decided to establish the Torchwood Institute in memory of Sir Robert. She also decided that the Doctor was dangerous, and declared that if he ever returned, Torchwood would be waiting. The Doctor's name was written into the Torchwood Foundation's charter as an enemy of the Crown. Her Majesty also states in the Torchwood Charter 31 December 1879 that "Torchwood is also to administer to the Government thereof in our name, and generally to act in our name and on our behalf, subject to such orders and regulations as Torchwood sha


Against which country did England fight 'The War of Jenkins' Ear'?

Which country did Britain fight in the War of Jenkins's Ear ? View the step-by-step solution to: Which country did Britain fight in the War of Jenkins's Ear ? This question was answered on May 27, 2016. View the Answer Which country did Britain fight in theWar of Jenkins's Ear? mathewarcher                                                   posted a question · May 27, 2016 at 12:23pm Top Answer After working on your question, I... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29774333) ]} fentrixrox answered the question · May 27, 2016 at 12:24pm Other Answers The way to answer this question is ... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29774334) ]} {[ getNetScore(29774375) ]} profKEV answered the question · May 27, 2016 at 12:26pm The country is Spain.The war of Jenkins' ear was a conflict  between Britain and Spain in 1739 to 1742.Its' major... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29774570) ]} ProfAndrianBen answered the question · May 27, 2016 at 12:43pm The War of Jenkins' Ear (known as Guerra del Asiento inSpain) was a conflict between Britain... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29775271) ]} Let us know the name of the country that develops small town is not big cities have been developed? Recently Asked Questions Need a World History tutor? Lernon 2 World History experts found online! Average reply time is                       less than an hour Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. 890,990,898 Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! 890,990,898 Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!


Which French painter left Europe to live in the Tahitian village of Mataiea, where he created many famous paintings?

Gauguin’s Polynesia | Beyond Gauguin’s Polynesia When he traveled to the South Seas the French painter Paul Gauguin discovered a bright, fragranced world of azure seas, exotic islanders and rich color. A century on, little has changed Words by Nigel Tisdall Paul Gauguin “Little by little, step by step, civilization is peeling away.” In 1891, it took Paul Gauguin 63 days to sail from Marseilles to Tahiti. This year, it took me 22 hours to fly from Paris. The reception each of us received couldn’t have been more different. Whereas the arrival of the 43-year-old French painter, sporting shoulder-length hair and a cowboy hat, caused much mirth, I’m greeted at Faa’a International Airport with strumming ukuleles and a garland of heavenly scented flowers. It is warm and sunny, the hills are alive with tropical colors, the gorgeous blue ocean is fringed with joyful white-capped waves. Everything is instantly, and emphatically, de-stressing. As the artist put it in Noa Noa, the enigmatic illustrated journal he began on his first trip here: “Little by little, step by step, civilization is peeling away.”   Gauguin’s paintings inspired by his time in French Polynesia have become synonymous with our image of the South Seas. With their rich and glowing hues, strong outlines, confident-faced nudes, lush landscapes and underlying mystery, they are unfailingly exotic. They sing of heat, natural abundance, sensuality and spiritual succor, and the world loves them. In 2003, when the landmark Gauguin-Tahiti exhibition was held at the Grand Palais in Paris to mark the centenary of his death, more than half a million people queued to see famous works such as Ia Orana Maria (Hail Mary) and Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?   Inevitably, there is commercialism. The gift shops of Papeete, the island capital, are awash with shopping bags, tablemats and even flowerpots exploiting the painter’s masterpieces. Today a 332-passenger ship, Paul Gauguin, cruises the Society Islands, as Tahiti’s central archipelago is known. This name was bequeathed by Captain Cook in 1769, who drily observed in his journal how “more than one half of the better sort of the inhabitants have entered into a resolution of enjoying free liberty in love, without being troubled or disturbed by its consequences”. It’s a reminder that Gauguin was but one of many visitors to confirm the multiple charms of French Polynesia. Two decades after Cook, the Bounty mutineers famously demonstrated the lengths sailors would go to in order to stay in its warm waters, just as writers such as Robert Louis Stevenson, Rupert Brooke and Somerset Maugham spread the word in later years.   Tahitian women in a banana grove, looking as though they have stepped out of a Gauguin painting Sunsets in the South Seas are as magnificent as anywhere on Earth. Above is majestic Mount Rotui on Mo’orea, one of many peaks on the island that made a great impression on Gauguin   As the critics like to tell us, though, Gauguin’s paintings were a fantasy. He yearned to escape bourgeois routine, to find the primitive and essential. Unfortunately for him, the London Missionary Society got here first. In the Musée de Tahiti et des Îles, I contemplate black-and-white photos of local families taken from the 1860s onward, in which all the women wear decidedly unrevealing full-length dresses known as “Mother Hubbards”. My driver-guide is entertainingly blunt on this. “First the English came, telling us to cover up,” he says. “Then the French came, telling us to undress. We prefer the latter.”   Tahiti is actually two islands linked by an isthmus, and as I drive around its figure-of-eight, admiring the mighty forest-cloaked mountains and black-sand beaches, it is not hard to find scenes straight out of Gauguin. A horse grazes in a field of luminous grass, mangoes ripen on a table, vahines (Polynesian women) with long dark hair and a bright flower behind the ear relax on the beach. “Everything in the landscape blinded me, dazzled me,” the painter wrote. Once here, it was natural to paint a red close to a


Which Northampton-born actor will replace David Tennant as the eleventh 'Dr. Who', in 2010?

Matt Smith - IMDb IMDb Actor | Soundtrack | Director Matt Smith is an English actor who shot to fame in the UK aged 26 when he was cast by producer Steven Moffat as the Eleventh Doctor in the BBC's iconic science-fiction adventure series Doctor Who (2005). Matthew Robert Smith was born and raised in Northampton, the son of Lynne (Fidler) and David Smith. He was educated at Northampton School For Boys... See full bio » Born:


Against which country did Britain fight 'The Cod Wars'?

BBC NEWS | Europe | Who won World War II? Who won World War II? By Konstantin Rozhnov BBCRussian.com The Nazi regime collapsed in May 1945, squeezed ever more tightly between two fronts - the Soviet Union on one side and the Western Allies on the other. But which of these fronts was the most important? Allied aid to the Soviet Union, from food to lorries, played a vital role Throughout the Cold War, and ever since, each side has tended to see its own contribution as decisive. "In the West, for some time... public opinion has taken the view that the Soviet Union played a secondary role," says the Russian historian Valentin Falin. On the other hand, opinion polls show that two-thirds of Russians think the Soviet Union could have defeated Hitler without the Allies' help, and half think the West underestimates the Soviet contribution. Ribbentrop's view Richard Overy, professor of contemporary history at King's College London, notes that after the war, Hitler's foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop listed three main reasons for Germany's defeat: Unexpectedly stubborn resistance from the Soviet Union The large-scale supply of arms and equipment from the US to the Soviet Union, under the lend-lease agreement The success of the Western Allies in the struggle for air supremacy. Because Britain and the US had to invade Europe by sea they have a sense of 'liberating' a German-conquered Europe Professor Richard Overy, King's College London Mr Overy says that for decades Soviet historians underplayed the significance of US and UK lend-lease in the Soviet Union's success, but that Russia has recently shown just appreciation. Mr Falin, however, says Russians never forgot the help they received from their allies. "You ask any Soviet person, whether he remembers what a Dodge or a Willis is!" he says. "The Americans supplied us with 450,000 lorries. Of course, in the final stages of the war this significantly increased our armed forces' mobility, decreased our losses and brought us, perhaps, greater success than if we had not such help." Bombers Mr Overy accepts that the Western powers played a smaller role on the battlefield itself than the Soviet forces but says their bombing campaigns made a huge contribution. POWs at Stalingrad: Most German losses were on the eastern front "Bombing diverted a lot of manpower and military equipment from the front in Russia, while it restricted the expansion of the German war economy," he says. He also agrees that the West still only has a weak understanding of the Soviet Union's role. "Because Britain and the US had to invade Europe by sea [Italy in 1943, and France in 1944] they have more of a sense of 'liberating' a German-conquered Europe," he says. Second front Mr Falin, meanwhile, argues that the war could have been brought to an end more quickly if the second front, in France, had been opened before 1944. "How many millions of people would have remained alive?" he asks. "Many death camps reached full power precisely in the second half of 1943 and in 1944." Mr Overy says that the West has a view of the war as a global conflict, because of its fight against Japan, for example, whereas the Soviet view is of a "national crusade to repel the invader". Mr Falin cites figures suggesting that German forces suffered 93% of their casualties on the Soviet front and argues that this shows the Soviet contribution was decisive. But he adds that every single US, UK, Canadian or other Allied soldier who died "made a big, important and necessary contribution to the victory, which was a shared victory". Your comments: Technically the Red Army defeated Nazi Germany. Eisenhower halted the Western allies and allowed Zhukov and Konev to commit the Coup de Gras by taking Berlin. However, no single nation can claim credit, victory very much belonged to all the Allied forces. Paul Ellison, Frome We all seem to forget that Soviet Russia was instrumental, together with Nazi Germany, in starting the Second World War, attacking Poland in September 1939. Russian and German forces even held joint victory parades in Polish t


What is the name of the yoghurt-based did made with Cucumbers, Garlic, Salt, Olive Oil and Pepper, that is used in Greek cuisine?

Tzatziki (Greek Cucumber Yogurt Dip) Recipe Tzatziki - Cucumber Yogurt Dip.  Photo © Lynn Livanos Athan Updated January 16, 2017. Tzatziki, pronounced sat-ZEE-key (or in Greece cha-CHI-key), is a yogurt-based cucumber sauce traditionally made with strained salted sheep or goat milk yogurt and combined with cucumbers, garlic and herbs. This recipe includes store-bought yogurt and vinegar, which could result in quite a tangy sauce; by cutting the yogurt in half, however, and adding sour cream, the tzatziki here is smooth and mellow, without any bite. This is one of those recipes that is better when made ahead of time. If you can, let the yogurt mixture sit overnight (before adding the cucumber) so the garlic loses its sharpness and blends nicely. Meanwhile, place the diced cucumber in a colander to allow any liquid to drain so the tzatziki isn't watery. Cool and creamy, this tangy cucumber dip is the perfect complement to grilled meats and vegetables. It is often served on the side with warm pita bread triangles for dipping, is used as a condiment for souvlaki, and can be part of a meze platter.  Ingredients 2 cloves garlic, finely minced 1/2 tsp. salt


Chalcocite is an important ore of which metallic element?

Chalcocite - definition of chalcocite by The Free Dictionary Chalcocite - definition of chalcocite by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/chalcocite Related to chalcocite: arsenopyrite , covellite chal·co·cite A dark gray mineral, essentially Cu2S, that is an important ore of copper. [Alteration of obsolete chalcosine, from Greek khalkos, copper.] chalcocite (ˈkælkəˌsaɪt) n (Minerals) a lead-grey or black mineral, found as a copper ore or in veins. It is a source of copper. Composition: copper sulphide. Formula: Cu2S. Crystal structure: orthorhombic [C19: changed from earlier chalcosine, from Greek khalkos copper + -ite1] chal•co•cite [1865–70; chalco - + (anthra) cite ] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: atomic number 29 , copper , Cu - a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor mineral - solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: mineral References in periodicals archive ? A Red Metal geologist has visited site and confirmed the width of the vein and the nature of the mineralization and noted strong oxide, supergene mineralization consisting of chalcocite, azurite, malachite and tenorite. Red Metal Resources Provides Mining Update for Farellon Property Among specific topics are microbial ecology in extreme acidic pit lakes of the Aberian Pyrite Belt in southwestern Spain, galactose as an inducer of the production of extracellular polymeric substances by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, evidence for widespread dissimilatory hydrogen metabolism among acidophilic bacteria, immobilizing new isolated iron oxidizing bacteria on natural carriers, and the influence of pyrite on the galvanic assisted leaching of chalcocite concentrates.


What is the occupation of the video game character 'Super Mario'?

Mario | Video Game History Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Video Game History Wiki Super Mario Smash Brothers Mario is a video game character created by Shigeru Miyamoto. He is Nintendo's mascot and the most famous video game character of all time. The Mario series has over 200 video games and have sold over 200 million copies making the Mario series the best selling video game franchise of all time. Starting from the arcade game Donkey Kong, Mario has gone on to be well known throughout the world and has starred in almost every video game genre from, platformer, role playing, sports, geography, history, fighting and racing games. He was created by Shigeru Miyamoto to boost Nintendo to the top of the video game industry. Contents Edit When Nintendo was working on Miyamoto's game, Donkey Kong Miyamoto had to create a character to play with. So after coming up with the idea of a carpenter so that people could recognize who he is. Mario's clothes were made the way they are now because of limitations of the Donkey Kong game. Miyamoto gave Mario a mustache because he couldn't draw a mouth. He gave Mario a big nose so that he would appear human. He then gave Mario a hat because he didn't want to draw hair. The overalls were given as Mario's clothing so his arms could be seen swinging back and forth when walking. Later Miyamoto decided to change Mario's occupation to a plumber because of his overalls and showed this in the arcade game Mario Bros., and the setting being in the sewers. Before Mario Bros. Nintendo wanted to give Mario a better name then Jumpman. So they decided to name him Mario after Nintendo of America's Italian landlord Mario Segale for their similar appearances. History in Games Edit Mario in his first game trying to rescue Pauline from the ape, Donkey Kong. Mario first appeared in the arcade game Donkey Kong which becomes the second best selling arcade game of all time. The ape Donkey Kong had kidnappped Mario's girlfriend, Pauline and took her to the top of a construction site. Mario had to climb the large structure to try and rescue Pauline. Donkey Kong threw barrels and other objects down the girders to try and stop the carpenter. Every time Mario got to the top, Donkey Kong took Pauline higher up of the place. Eventually Mario was able to make the girders that Donkey Kong stood on come down and he fell and got knocked unconscious. Mario took Pauline with him and they finished their date. Big Ape's Son Edit Donkey Kong Jr. trying to rescue his father Donkey Kong from Mario. Mario later took Donkey Kong to a jungle and put him in a cage for revenge for kidnapping Pauline. Donkey Kong Jr., DK's son tries to rescue his father and is the only playable character. DK Jr. climbs vines and platforms to tries to grab the keys to the cage. Mario sends enemies to attack Jr. Jr. retaliates by dropping fruits on the enemies. Every time Jr. unlocked DK's cage Mario would take him to another location. Eventually DK Jr. rescues his father from the cage and Mario leaves the two where they are. As a Plumber Edit Mario in the sewers of New York City getting rid of the strange creatures. Mario's occupation is later changed from a carpenter to a plumber. He is joined by another plumber, his brother Luigi to help kill the strange creatures in the sewers of New York City. Mario and Luigi kill many Shellcreepers , Sidesteppers, and Fighter Flies, and go further into the sewers. Eventually the brothers go into a pipe leading them to a parallel universe. Saving the Mushroom Kingdom Edit Mario traversing through the Mushroom Kingdom. In Super Mario Bros. Mario and Luigi arrive in a new land called the Mushroom Kingdom. Mario finds out that the land has been attacked by Koopas. The King of Koopas, Bowser has used black magic to turn the kingdom's citizens into different objects such as brick blocks or ? blocks. Mario heads across the kingdom to save Princess Peach Toadstool who was kidnapped by Bowser because she can stop the black magic. Mario and Luigi can use Super Mushrooms to become bigger and use Fire Flowers to shoot fireballs.


The Giralda Tower and the Alcazar Palace are famous landmarks in which Spanish city?

Giralda, Seville Giralda 5 12 votes La Giralda, the bell tower of the Cathedral, is the most famous landmark in Seville. The tower was originally built at the end of the twelfth century as the minaret of a large mosque built by the Moors. Construction Belfry Weathervane In the twelfth century the Almohades, who dominated the region, built a new great mosque in Seville. Construction of its minaret started in 1184 under the lead of engineer Gever, who designed an ingenious structure with two separate load-bearing walls connected to each other via an internal ramp. Construction of the minaret was completed in 1198. Stones from ancient Roman monuments were used to build the tower. At the foot of the Giralda one can still find inscriptions dating back to the era of Emperor Augustus. The Giralda In 1356, after the reconquest of Seville by the Christians, much of the mosque was destroyed by a large earthquake. Only two parts of the original structure survived unscathed, the Patio de los Naranjos (a courtyard) and the minaret. The rest of the building was replaced by a Gothic cathedral . In the fourteenth century the original bronze spheres at the top of the tower were replaced by Christian symbols. Its current appearance dates back to 1568 when Hernán Ruiz added the magnificent belfry. Surprisingly, the Renaissance style of the belfry blends in harmoniously with the moorish base. The name of the tower - Spanish for weathervane - stems from the large vane at the top of the belfry, known as giraldillo. The large statue, depicting Faith, shows a woman in a classical Roman attire, holding a shield in the right hand and a palm in the left. The original vane is now installed near the entrance of the cathedral at the Puerta de San Cristobal. Copycats The Giralda is one of the most famous bell towers in the world and served as a model for several other towers such as the former Madison Square Garden in New York (now demolished), View from the Giralda the tower of the Ferry Building in San Francisco and the Wrigley Building in Chicago . Views The tower can be accessed from inside the cathedral. A long climb on the ramp leads to the tower's belfry from where you have a superb 360 degree view over Seville. You can easily spot landmarks such as the Real Alcazar , Plaza de Espana and Plaza de Toros de la Maestranza .


Who was the last French tennis player to win the men's singles title at one of the four majors?

French Open 2015: Mary Pierce's power of prayer - CNN.com 1 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian In 2000, Pierce defeated Spain's Conchita Martinez in the French Open women's final to emulate the 1967 achievement of Francoise Durr. Hide Caption 2 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Pierce also won the French Open doubles title that year with Martina Hingis, who she beat in the semifinals of the singles competition. Hide Caption 3 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Yannick Noah, pictured with Pierce in 2012, is the last Frenchman to win the title at Roland Garros, back in 1983. Hide Caption 4 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Canada-born Pierce, whose mother is French, has battled to fulfill the high expectations of the Parisian crowd. She was beaten in the 1994 French Open final by Arantxa Sanchez-Vicario, at the age of 19. Hide Caption Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian In the 2005 French Open final, Pierce was thrashed 6-1 6-1 by Justine Henin-Hardenne. Hide Caption 6 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Later that year, Pierce again tasted disappointment at Roland Garros when her adopted nation France was beaten 3-2 by Russia in the final of the Fed Cup, denying her a third title in the team event. Hide Caption 7 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Pierce's sixth and last grand slam final appearance was at the 2005 U.S. Open, where she lost to Belgium's Kim Clijsters. Hide Caption 8 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian It was a year of being runner-up for Pierce, who was beaten in the final of the 2005 season-ending WTA championships by compatriot Amelie Mauresmo -- here presented with the trophy by Billie Jean King. Hide Caption 9 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Pierce won her first grand slam title at the 1995 Australian Open, beating Sanchez Vicario in the final. She had just turned 20. Hide Caption Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian However, she lost to Hingis in the Melbourne final two years later. Hide Caption 11 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian She never got past the quarterfinals on her own at Wimbledon, but won the mixed doubles title on the hallowed grass in 2005 with India's Mahesh Bhupathi. Hide Caption 12 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Pierce suffered two serious injuries in 2006 -- the latter in Austria in October would prove to be her last competitive action as a professional. Hide Caption Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian After knee surgery, Pierce was sidelined for the whole of 2007. Hide Caption 14 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian It was a sad ending for one of the most colorful players in the women's game. Hide Caption 15 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian She made her top-level debut as a 14-year-old under the watchful eye of her American father Jim (right) and mother Yannick (left) -- who have since divorced. Hide Caption 16 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Jim Pierce was a controversial figure. He was banned from attending his daughter's matches due to his bad behavior -- she successfully filed a restraining order but they were reconciled in later life. Hide Caption 17 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Pierce's serve was one of her major weapons."I worked a lot on it and went through a lot of video analysis, improving my technique, lowering my ball toss, using my legs in a different way," she told CNN's Open Court. Hide Caption 18 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Pierce was also notable for her sartorial sense, inspiring future tennis fashionistas such as Venus Williams. Hide Caption 19 of 23 Photos: Tennis's 'Tricolor' - the French-American-Canadian Williams credits her wit


Galena is an important ore of which metallic element?

Galena Mineral | Uses and Properties Galena The primary ore of lead that is sometimes mined for its silver content Galena: Photograph of a nice cubic galena crystal with adjacent calcite crystals. The galena crystal is about two inches on a side. Collected from the Sweetwater Mine, Reynolds County, Missouri. Specimen and photo by Arkenstone / www.iRocks.com . What is Galena? Galena is a lead sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of PbS. It is the world's primary ore of lead and is mined from a large number of deposits in many countries. It is found in igneous and metamorphic rocks in medium- to low-temperature hydrothermal veins. In sedimentary rocks it occurs as veins, breccia cements, isolated grains, and as replacements of limestone and dolostone . Galena is very easy to identify. Freshly broken pieces exhibit perfect cleavage in three directions that intersect at 90 degrees.  It has a distinct silver color and a bright metallic luster. Galena tarnishes to a dull gray. Because lead is a primary element in galena, the mineral has a high specific gravity (7.4 to 7.6) that is immediately noticed when picking up even small pieces. Galena is soft with a Mohs hardness of 2.5+ and produces a gray to black streak . Crystals are common and they usually are cubes, octahedrons, or modifications. Structure of galena: Galena has a chemical composition of PbS. That means it contains an equal number of lead and sulfide ions. The ions are arranged in a cubic pattern that repeats in all directions. This structure is what causes crystals of galena to have a cubic habit and causes galena to break in three directions at right angles. Physical Properties of Galena Uses An ore of lead Argentiferous galena: Argentiferous galena from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Specimen is approximately 2-1/2 inches (6.4 centimeters) across. Argentiferous galena has a silver content that is often high enough for the galena to be mined as an ore of silver. Some galena mines receive more revenue from their silver than from their lead production. Argentiferous Galena - The Silver Ore The typical specimen of galena is about 86.6% lead and 13.4% sulfur by weight. However, some specimens of galena contain up to a few percent silver by weight. They are called "argentiferous galena" because of their silver content.  In these specimens, silver can substitute for lead in the atomic structure of the galena, or it can occur in tiny grains of silver minerals included in the galena. Silver within the galena disrupts the crystal structure, which often causes the galena to have curved cleavage faces. This tiny bit of knowledge can be a powerful prospecting tool. In addition to silver, galena can contain minor amounts of antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, copper , and zinc .  Sometimes selenium substitutes for sulfur in galena. Cleavage fragments of galena: One of the most diagnostic properties of galena is its ability to break by cleavage in three directions that intersect at right angles. This forms cleavage fragments that are cubic and rectangular in shape. This photo shows pieces of crushed galena that clearly exhibit the right angle cleavage. This characteristic cleavage is caused by the mineral's cubic internal structure as shown above. Photo © iStockphoto / Tyler Boyes. Galena value: Some mines produce more revenue from the silver content of their galena than from the lead content. Assume that we have a mine that produces argentiferous galena with an average composition of 86% lead, 13% sulfur and just 1% silver (as shown in the diagram on the left). If the silver price is $25 per troy ounce and the lead price is $1 per avoirdupois pound, the value of the lead in one ton of ore will be $1720, while the value of the silver in that same ton of ore will be $7292 (as shown in the diagram on the right). The small amount of silver has a huge impact on revenue because at the prices assumed, silver is 364 times more valuable than an equal weight of lead. It is easy to understand why mining companies get excited by argentiferous galena! Even though galena


Which Frank Kafka novel tells the story of a seventeen- year-old European emigrant named 'Karl Rossmann'?

Home - This Recording HOME ( e-mail ) This Recording is dedicated to the enjoyment of audio and visual stimuli. Please visit our archives where we have uncovered the true importance of nearly everything. Should you want to reach us, e-mail alex dot carnevale at gmail dot com, but don't tell the spam robots. Consider contacting us if you wish to use This Recording in your classroom or club setting. We have given several talks at local Rotarys that we feel went really well. This area does not yet contain any content. Search TR Entries in toni morrison                          (2) Thursday Thursday, March 10, 2011 at 11:40AM The 100 Greatest Novels by ALEX CARNEVALE We can date back all of modern literature to Chekhov's novella My Life, which appeared in Russian in 1896. At about the same time the first translations of new novels by Dostoevsky were hitting American shores, and they too find a place on any compendium of the modern. Many of the novels that contributed in an critical historical capacity to its development are no longer very readable to our modern audience, through no fault of their own. Others, like Tristram Shandy or Moby Dick are far better now than they were at the time of publication, while sharing some of the deficiences of their 19th century brethren. In the end, we are concerned with modern novels, so if it happened before My Life, you won't find it here. Since novellas are essentially short novels, they also find a place on this list. Without the enduring brilliance of New Directions , the sustained efforts of Dalkey Archive , the phenomenal and immortal NYRB Classics series , and the efforts of so many others editors and writers, some of these novels would never have remained available in America. Whenever I see people giving money to the homeless, or to the American Cancer Society, or James Cameron, I just think, do the world a favor and give it to New Directions or the NYRB and receive the finest literature of our time in exchange. The comment thread spawned by our notation of the 100 Greatest Writers of All Time has now ascended past the post itself in prurient interest. The novel exploded as a form in the twentieth century; in recent years it has retained only some small percentage of that power. Some novels changed the world simply by existing. The Fountainhead is one of them, but you won't find it below, not because it was not an important book (it's one of the best-selling novels in the history of mankind and the most annoying to have your friend tell you about after The Corrections), but because it is not an exemplar of the best literary and genre writing has to offer, both in artistic achievement and pure readability for a modern audience. These are those. 100. The Blind Assassin by Margaret Atwood Ten days after the war ended, my sister Laura drove a car off a bridge. The bridge was being repaired: she went right through the Danger sign. The car feel a hundred feet into the ravine, smashing through the treetops feathery with new leaves, then burst into flames and rolled down into the shallow creek at the bottom. Chunks of bridge fell on top of it. Nothing much was left of her but charred smithereens. To open Atwood's signature novel on some random day in March is to be drawn in all over again: the intoxicating blend of 1940s-era nostalgia and mind-bending fantasy, the flawless detailing of a novel-within-a-novel in a fashion never accomplished so seamlessly before. The refined prose that always seems to be holding something back. The Blind Assassin is a story that could really only be told in prose fiction and for that reason it inspires another kind of awe. 99. The Moon and the Bonfires by Cesare Pavese I had a reason for coming back to this town, here instead of to Canelli, Barbaresco or Alba. I'm almost sure I wasn't born here. Channeling the rejection of romantic disappointment into something positive is the reason we have Microsoft. Why shouldn't something equally valuable emerge from a similar situation in 1940s Italy? Pavese's brilliant autobiographical novel


Which Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn novel tells the story of a group of patients in an Uzbekistani hospital?

John Hospers Reads Alexander Solzhenitsyn - YouTube John Hospers Reads Alexander Solzhenitsyn Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Mar 9, 2012 Alexander (or Aleksandr) Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) was a Russian writer and Nobel laureate whose novels brought awareness to the Soviet Union's brutal forced labor camp system colloquially known as the gulags. G.U.Lag is actually an acronym for the Russian name of the government agency that administered the camps, the Chief Administration of Corrective Labor Camps and Colonies. Solzhenitsyn's best-known works are The Gulag Archipelago (1973) and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962), both of which are set in these labor camps. In this video, John Hospers reads an excerpt from Solzhenitsyn's semi-autobiographical novel, The Cancer Ward (1967). The book tells the stories of a group of cancer patients as they undergo therapy in a hospital in Soviet Uzbekistan in 1955. Many of the patients have been exiled from their homes and were forced to relocate within the Soviet Union during Stalin's Great Purge. The protagonist, Oleg Kostoglotov, has been admitted to the hospital after being sentenced to hard labor in a gulag (an experience mirroring Solzhenitsyn's). John Hospers (1918-2011) was a political philosopher and professor emeritus of philosophy at the University of Southern California. He was also the first Libertarian Party Presidential candidate in 1972. This video was recorded at a International Society for Individual Liberty conference in 1994. An .mp3 version of this reading is available here: http://bit.ly/zaJl8s Category


Elected in 2006, who is the current Prime Minister of Canada?

Who is the prime minister of Canada? Who is the prime minister of Canada? Who is the prime minister of Canada? Who is the prime minister of Canada? The Prime Minister is the head of government, chairman of the Cabinet, and the primary minister of the Crown. The Prime Minister is also charged with advising the viceroy or the monarch on exercising the executive powers that are vested in them by the Canadian Constitution. The current Prime Minister of Canada is Stephen Harper. Stephen Harper is the head of the Conservative Party of Canada . He had been sworn in by Governor General Michaelle Jean on February 6, 2006. Stephen Harper is the 22nd Prime Minister in Canada. Generally, the Conservative Party favors decentralization, traditional cultural values, smaller government, and lower taxes. The party aims to create a balance between individual rights and responsibilities, progressive social policy, and fiscal accountability. The party also favors strong territorial and provincial governments and a federal system of government. Stephen Harper was born in Toronto on April 30, 1959 and moved to the province of Alberta in 1978. He earned a Masters Degree in Economics from the University of Calgary and in 1993, he was elected as a Member of Parliament. Harper also worked for the Toronto Star, the now-defunct Toronto Telegram, and the Globe and Mail. As an Opposition leader, Stephen Harper put forward bold ideas such as the Apprenticeship Incentive Grant, the Public Transit Tax Credit, and the Federal Accountability Act. In 1997, Harper became Vice President of the National Citizens Coalition, which is an organization advocating accountable government and individual freedom. Harper did not seek re-election in 1997. He returned to the House of Commons as a Member of Parliament for Calgary Southwest in 2002. In his 3rd term, Stephen Harper is working to secure the country�s economy. The government aims to eliminate the deficit and to keep taxes low. The government also advances Canada�s values and interests internationally. In 2010, the country hosted the Royal Tour by Her Majesty Elizabeth II, the G8 and G20 summits, and the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, The country is a home for sporting events such as the Para Pan-Am Games, the Pan-American Games, and the FIFA Women�s World Cup. Harper has dealt with a variety of domestic and foreign policy issues such as balanced budgets, lower taxes, and a tougher criminal justice system. The Prime Minister has dealt with different foreign policy issues relating to China and Africa, free trade, the Arab-Israeli conflict, the War on Terror, and the United States. The Prime Minister was awarded the B�nai Brith Presidential Gold Medallion for Humanitarianism and the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service. The government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper has strengthened product safety rules and passed new laws to keep sexual predators and gun criminals behind bars. The government has invested in arctic rangers, satellite surveillance, and new patrol ships to protect the country�s sovereignty over Canada�s North. The government also passed new rules for political fundraising that take unions, corporations, and the big money out of political party financing. It reduced the Goods and Services Tax from 7 percent to 6 percent and then to 5 percent. In addition, the government gave Canadians tax credits for money that is spent on kids� sports, textbooks, and transit passes.


Which is the sixth book of the 'Old Testament'?

The Book of Joshua: How the Israelites Conquered Canaan Joshua was written to the people of Israel and all future readers of the Bible. Landscape of the Book of Joshua: The story opens in Shittim, just north of the Dead Sea and east of the Jordan River . The first great victory was at Jericho . Over seven years, the Israelites captured the entire land of Canaan, from Kadesh-barnea in the south to Mount Hermon in the north. Themes in the Book of Joshua: God's love for his chosen people continues in the book of Joshua. In the first five books of the Bible, God brought the Jews out of slavery in Egypt and established his covenant with them. Joshua returns them to their Promised Land, where God helps them conquer it and gives them a home. Key Characters in the Book of Joshua: Joshua , Rahab , Achan, Eleazar, Phinehas. Key Verses: Joshua 1:8 "Do not let this Book of the Law depart from your mouth; meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do everything written in it. Then you will be prosperous and successful." ( NIV ) Joshua 6:20 When the trumpets sounded, the people shouted, and at the sound of the trumpet, when the people gave a loud shout, the wall collapsed; so every man charged straight in, and they took the city. ( NIV ) Joshua 24:25 On that day Joshua made a covenant for the people, and there at Shechem he drew up for them decrees and laws. And Joshua recorded these things in the Book of the Law of God. ( NIV ) Joshua 24:31 Israel served the Lord throughout the lifetime of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him and who had experienced everything the Lord had done for Israel. ( NIV ) Outline of the Book of Joshua: • Joshua's Assignment - Joshua 1:1-5:15 • The People Cross the Jordan River - Joshua 3:1-4:24 • Circumcision and a Visit by an Angel - Joshua 5:1-15 • Achan's Sin Brings Death - Joshua 7:1-26 • Renewed Israel Defeats Ai - Joshua 8:1-35 • Gibeon's Trick - Joshua 9:1-27 • Defending Gibeon, Defeating Southern Kings - Joshua 10:1-43 • Capturing the North, a List of Kings - Joshua 11:1-12:24 • Dividing the Land - Joshua 13:1-33 • Land West of the Jordan - Joshua 14:1-19:51 • More Allotments, Justice at Last - Joshua 20:1-21:45 • Eastern Tribes Praise God - Joshua 22:1-34 • Joshua Warns the People to Stay Faithful - Joshua 23:1-16 • Covenant at Shechem, Joshua's Death - Joshua 24:1-33


What is the name of the squirrel who carries messages up and down 'Yggdrasil', the world tree of Norse mythology?

Yggdrasil and the Well of Urd - Norse Mythology for Smart People Norse Mythology for Smart People Yggdrasil and the Well of Urd “Yggdrasil” by Oluf Olufsen Bagge (1847) At the center of the Norse spiritual cosmos is an ash tree, Yggdrasil (pronounced “IG-druh-sill”; Old Norse Askr Yggdrasils), which grows out of the Well of Urd (Old Norse Urðarbrunnr). The Nine Worlds are held in the branches and roots of the tree. The name Askr Yggdrasils probably strikes most modern people as being awkwardly complex. It means “the ash tree of the horse of Yggr.”[1] Yggr means “The Terrible One,” and is a byname of Odin . The horse of Odin is Sleipnir . This may seem like a puzzling name for a tree, but it makes sense when one considers that the tree as a means of transportation between worlds is a common theme in Eurasian shamanism .[2] Odin rides Sleipnir up and down Yggdrasil’s trunk and through its branches on his frequent journeys throughout the Nine Worlds. “Urd” (pronounced “URD”; Old Norse Urðr, Old English Wyrd) means “ destiny .” The Well of Urd could therefore just as aptly be called the Well of Destiny. One of the poems in the Poetic Edda , Völuspá or “The Insight of the Seeress,” describes the scene thus: There stands an ash called Yggdrasil, A mighty tree showered in white hail. From there come the dews that fall in the valleys. It stands evergreen above Urd’s Well. From there come maidens, very wise, Three from the lake that stands beneath the pole. One is called Urd, another Verdandi, Skuld the third; they carve into the tree The lives and destinies of children.[3] These three maidens are the Norns , and their carvings consist of runes , the magical alphabet of the ancient Germanic peoples. In addition to the inhabitants of the Nine Worlds, several beings live in, on, or under the tree itself. The Eddic poem Grímnismál, “The Song of the Hooded One,” mentions many of them – but, unfortunately, only in passing. An anonymous eagle perches in the upper branches of the tree. A number of dragons or snakes, most notably Nidhogg , gnaw at the roots from below. A squirrel, Ratatosk, carries messages (presumably malicious ones) between Nidhogg and the eagle. Four deer, Dain, Dvalin, Duneyr, and Dyrathror, nibble the highest shoots.[4] A Model of Time and Destiny It’s important to keep in mind that the image of Yggdrasil and the Well of Urd is a myth , and therefore portrays the perceived meaning or essence of something rather than merely describing the thing’s physical characteristics. Yggdrasil and the Well of Urd weren’t thought of as existing in a single physical location, but rather dwell within the invisible heart of anything and everything. Fundamentally, this image expresses the indigenous Germanic perspective on the concepts of time and destiny. As Paul Bauschatz points out in his landmark study The Well and the Tree: World and Time in Early Germanic Culture, Yggdrasil and the Well of Urd correspond to the two tenses of Germanic languages. Even modern English, a Germanic language, still has only two tenses: 1) the past tense, which includes events that are now over (“It rained”) as well as those that began in the past and are still happening (“It has been raining”), and 2) the present tense, which describes events that are currently happening (“It is raining”). Unlike Romance languages such as Spanish or French, for example, Germanic languages have no true future tense. Instead, they use certain verbs in the present tense to express something similar to futurity, such as “will” or “shall” (“I will go to the party” or “It shall rain”). Rather than “futurity,” however, what these verbs express could more accurately be called “intention” or “necessity.” The Well of Urd corresponds to the past tense. It is the reservoir of completed or ongoing actions that nourish the tree and influence its growth. Yggdrasil, in turn, corresponds to the present tense, that which is being actualized here and now. What of intention and necessity, then? This is the water that permeates the image, flowing up from the well into the tree, dripping f


"Which cosmetics company uses the advertising slogan, ""Because your worth it""?"

About L'Oréal Paris Brand - Because You’re Worth It - Beauty Products Because You’re Worth It The Story Behind the Legendary Phrase Because I’m Worth It. These four words are bound to the time of their creation and yet they have proven to be timeless. They have become what the brand stands for. Written in 1973 when a social revolution and a new spirit of feminism was in full swing, it seems clear that the phrase could only have been written by a woman. Ilon Specht was a copywriter with McCann Erickson back in 1973. She was thought of as original, unconventional, creative and independent. Fortunately, she worked on the L’Oréal account! Specht was just 23 years old when she broke new ground with an ad that was strictly from a woman’s point of view. It famously ended with the signature phrase: Because I’m Worth It! Almost the minute the ad hit, it became clear that the last line - those four words - had struck a chord. For the first time, the message was all about what the woman thought. It was about her self-confidence, her decision, her style. Over time, “Because I’m Worth It” has become part of our social fabric. So much so that it was the subject of a 1999 New Yorker article entitled True Colors by Malcolm Gladwell. In it, Gladwell acknowledged: “...”Because I’m Worth It®” has entered the language...and taken on a meaning well outside the stated intention.” Because I’m Worth It was on message in 1973, and today we know that an astonishing 80% of women recognize and respond to this positive phrase and powerful sentiment. And what makes it truly beautiful is that “Because I’m Worth It” is translated into action every day by L’Oréal Paris – in its philanthropy, its products, and its thoughtful celebration of women. Stay


Smallest bird | Guinness World Records Guinness World Records Where Cuba The smallest bird is the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) of Cuba and the Isle of Youth. Males measure 57 mm (2.24 in) in total length, half of which is taken up by the bill and tail, and weigh 1.6 g (0.056 oz) Females are slightly larger. This is believed to be the lowest weight limit for any warm blooded animal. All records listed on our website are current and up-to-date. For a full list of record titles, please use our Record Application Search. (You will be need to register / login for access)


What is the name of the dragon who gnaws at the roots of 'Yggrasil', the world tree of Norse mythology?

Yggdrasil | Mythology Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia The Ash Yggdrasil by Friedrich Wilhelm Heine In Norse mythology , Yggdrasil (Old Norse Yggdrasill; the extra -l is a nominative case marker) is the World Tree , a great Ash Tree located at the center of the Universe and joining the  Nine Worlds of Norse cosmology together. The trunk of the tree may be thought of as forming a vertical axis around these worlds which are situated, with Asgard , the realm of the gods , at the top and Hel , located in Niflheim , at the bottom. Midgard , or Middle-Earth (the world of mortals), is located in the middle and surrounded by Jötunheimr , land of giants , both of which are separated by the ocean. Yggdrasil is also sometimes known as Mimameid or Laerad. Contents Edit The most commonly accepted etymology of the name is ygg "terrible" + drasil "steed". While the name means the "terrible steed", it is usually taken to mean the "steed of the terrible one", with Yggr the epithet of the god Odin . In other words, Odin's horse, referring to the nine nights he is said to have spent hanging from the tree, or "riding the gallows", in order to acquire knowledge of the runic alphabet . The gallows are sometimes described in Old Norse poetry as the "horse of the hanged." In the case of "terrible steed", the association with Odin may be secondary, and any number of riders possible. A third interpretation, with etymological difficulties, is "yew-column", associating the tree with the Eihwaz rune.[ citation needed ] Fjölsvinnsmál, a poem in the Poetic Edda , refers to the World Tree as Mimameid (Old Norse: Mímameiðr, " Mímir's tree" ). The tree is also probably identical to Laerad (Old Norse: Læraðr) a tree whose leaves and branches reach down to the roof of Valhalla and provide food for the goat Heidrun (Old Norse: Heiðrún) and the stag Eikthyrnir (Old Norse: Eikþyrnir). Sources Edit Yggdrasil features prominently in Völuspá , the first poem of the Poetic Edda . In stanza 2, the völva (or seeress) who advises Odin, recalls her own ancient past when the universe was young. Yggdrasil 'the glorious Mjötviðr' was still a seedling 'before the ground below' existed. The name mjöt-viðr means the 'wood of proper measure', describing the harmony of the living universe, where every feature has its proper amount. In stanza 19, the völva provides a description of the tree: "I know that an ash-tree stands called Yggdrasill, a high tree, soaked with shining loam; from there come the dews which fall in the valley, ever green, it stands over the wyrd." [1] In stanza 20 she recounts the appearance of the three Norns . Stanza 27 is more obscure, with the first two lines of the verse indicating a connection with Heimdall : "She knows that Heimdall's hearing is hidden under the radiant, sacred tree;" [1] Scholars including John Lindow [2] and Carolyne Larrington [1] have suggested that Heimdall may have sacrificed one of his ears in return for his heightened power of hearing (according to Gylfaginning he can hear grass growing on the earth or wool on the backs of sheep), depositing it in the well in much the same manner that Odin pledged an eye to the Well of Mimir in return for knowledge and wisdom. Indeed, the völva refers to this Odinic sacrifice in the second half of the stanza and in stanza 28. Finally, in stanza 47 the seeress foretells that Yggdrasil will tremble and groan during Ragnarök , the final conflict between the gods and giants. Although we are not specifically told if the tree survives the fiery conflagration of Surtr , the rebirth of the world and a new generation of gods and men are positive indications. John Lindow explains how Gro Steinsland's analysis of Völuspá and the emphasis on Yggdrasil throughout the poem shows that the tree brought not only spatial unity but also chronological unity, from its presence in seed in the past (stanza 2), as a place of sacrifice and assembly in the present (27), as a symbol of the demise of the cosmos (47), and finally as a symbol of the new world represented in the wooden lots chosen by the god Hoenir for runi


What is the SI Unit of Electrical Capacitance?

Electrical capacitance | Article about Electrical capacitance by The Free Dictionary Electrical capacitance | Article about Electrical capacitance by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Electrical+capacitance Related to Electrical capacitance: electrical resistance , Electrical inductance , Electrical capacitor capacitance, in electricity, capability of a body, system, circuit, or device for storing electric charge. Capacitance is expressed as the ratio of stored charge in coulombs to the impressed potential difference in volts. The resulting unit of capacitance is the farad farad [for Michael Faraday], unit of electrical capacitance, equivalent to 1 coulomb of stored charge per volt of applied potential difference. ..... Click the link for more information.  [for Michael Faraday Faraday, Michael , 1791–1867, English scientist. The son of a blacksmith, he was apprenticed to a bookbinder at the age of 14. He had little formal education, but acquired a store of scientific knowledge through reading and by attending educational lectures including, in ..... Click the link for more information. ]. In an electric circuit the device designed to store charge is called a capacitor capacitor or condenser, device for the storage of electric charge. Simple capacitors consist of two plates made of an electrically conducting material (e.g., a metal) and separated by a nonconducting material or dielectric (e.g. ..... Click the link for more information. . An ideal capacitor, i.e., one having no resistance or inductance, may be spoken of as a capacitance. When an alternating current flows through a capacitor, the capacitor produces a reactance that resists the current (see impedance impedance, in electricity, measure in ohms of the degree to which an electric circuit resists the flow of electric current when a voltage is impressed across its terminals. ..... Click the link for more information. ). While every element of a circuit has some capacitance, it is a goal of good design to reduce such unwanted or stray capacitance to a minimum. Capacitance The ratio of the charge q on one of the plates of a capacitor (there being an equal and opposite charge on the other plate) to the potential difference v between the plates; that is, capacitance (formerly called capacity) is C = q/v. In general, a capacitor, often called a condenser, consists of two metal plates insulated from each other by a dielectric. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the geometry of the plates and the kind of dielectric used, since these factors determine the charge which can be put on the plates by a unit potential difference existing between the plates. In an ideal capacitor, no conduction current flows between the plates. A real capacitor of good quality is the circuit equivalent of an ideal capacitor with a very high resistance in parallel or, in alternating-current (ac) circuits, of an ideal capacitor with a low resistance in series. See Capacitor , Dielectric materials Capacitance   a quantitative measure of a conductor’s ability to hold an electric charge. In an electrostatic field, all points of a conductor are at the same potential φ. If infinity is taken as the zero point for potential, φ is proportional to the charge q on the conductor; that is, the ratio of q to φ is not a function of q. The capacitance C of an isolated conductor is equal to the ratio of the charge on the conductor to the conductor’s potential: C = q/φ. Thus, the greater the capacitance, the greater the charge that can be stored by the conductor at a given φ. Capacitance is determined by the size and shape of a conductor and by the electrical properties of the surrounding medium, that is, by the medium’s dielectric constant. Capacitance does not depend on the material of the conductor. Specifically, in the centimeter-gram-second (cgs) electrostatic system, the capacitance of a conducting sphere in vacuo is equal to the radius of the sphere. Since the potential of a conductor also depends on the electric fields created by the charges induced in the surrounding


Based on a mythological tale, which 1689 opera by Henry Purcell is considered by many to be the first English-language operatic masterpiece?

Opera | Article about opera by The Free Dictionary Opera | Article about opera by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/opera Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Legal , Financial , Acronyms , Idioms , Wikipedia . Opéra (ôpārä`) (Académie de musique), former chief opera house of Paris, on the Place de l'Opéra, one of the main crossroads on the right bank of the Seine. Designed by J. L. C. Garnier Garnier, Jean Louis Charles , 1825–98, French architect, studied at the École des Beaux-Arts and won the Grand Prix de Rome (1848). He was awarded the commission for the Opéra in Paris (1861–75), which is his principal work. ..... Click the link for more information.  and also called the Palais Garnier, it was built between 1861 and 1875. One of the largest and most sumptuous theaters in the world, it has a smaller seating capacity than many lesser houses, because its huge stage and foyers and its famous grand staircase take up much of the room. On the polychromed facade of the Opéra is the masterwork of the sculptor J.-B. Carpeaux Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste , 1827–75, French sculptor and painter. He studied with François Rude and won the Prix de Rome. Carpeaux rose to fame with his Ugolino ..... Click the link for more information.  entitled The Dance. An opulently ornamented neo-baroque style building, the Paris Opéra has been copied, on a reduced scale, by many opera houses throughout the world. The home of grand opera in the 19th cent., it has retained its musical reputation as one of the world's foremost houses. Its corps de ballet is particularly famous. The Paris Opéra moved to the large, newly constructed Bastille opera house in 1990. The old Opéra building, used mainly for ballet performances for a few years, has been undergoing refurbishment and restoration since the mid-1990s, and both theaters now present opera and ballet. Bibliography See M. Kahane, The Paris Opera (1988); S. Pitou, The Paris Opera: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers (1984) and The Paris Opera (1990); C. C. Mead, Charles Garnier's Paris Opera: Architectural Empathy and the Renaissance of French Classicism (1991). opera, The libretto libretto [Ital.,=little book], the text of an opera or an oratorio. Although a play usually emphasizes an integrated plot, a libretto is most often a loose plot connecting a series of episodes. ..... Click the link for more information.  may be serious or comic, although neither form necessarily excludes elements of the other. Opera differs from operetta operetta , type of light opera with a frivolous, sentimental story, often employing parody and satire and containing both spoken dialogue and much light, pleasant music. ..... Click the link for more information.  in its musical complexity and usually in its subject matter. It differs also from oratorio oratorio , musical composition employing chorus, orchestra, and soloists and usually, but not necessarily, a setting of a sacred libretto without stage action or scenery. ..... Click the link for more information. , which is customarily based on a religious subject and is performed without scenery, costumes, or stage action. Although both opera and operetta may have spoken dialogue, in opera the dialogue usually has musical accompaniment, such as the harpsichord continuo in the operas of Mozart and Rossini. Often, the music in opera is continuous, with set pieces such as solos, duets, trios, quartets, etc., and choral pieces, all designed to dramatize the action and display the particular vocal skills of the principal singers. For example, the last act trio from Gounod's Faust gives Mephistopheles (bass), Faust (tenor), and Marguerite (soprano) excellent opportunity to display their vocal talents singly and then weave their voices in ensemble singing as the two men vie for the soul of Marguerite, who is intent on salvation. Early Opera Florentine Beginnings Although musical drama, such as The Play of Daniel (12th cent.), had previously existed, it was in the year 1600 that opera came into being. It began in Fl


What was the name of the horse ridden by PC George Scorey, who gave his name to the FA Cup's 'White Horse Final' of 1923?

west ham united f c : definition of west ham united f c and synonyms of west ham united f c (English) Current season West Ham United Football Club are an English professional football club based in Upton Park , Newham , London . They will play in the Barclays Premier League in 2012–13. The club was founded in 1895 as Thames Ironworks FC and reformed in 1900 as West Ham United. In 1904 the club relocated to their current Boleyn Ground stadium. They initially competed in the Southern League and Western League before eventually joining the full Football League in 1919 and subsequently enjoyed promotion to the top flight for the 1923 season. 1923 also saw the club feature in the first FA Cup Final to be held at Wembley against Bolton Wanderers . In 1940 the team won the inaugural Football League War Cup . The club have won the FA Cup three times: in 1964, 1975 and 1980 as well as being runners-up twice, in 1923 and 2006. In 1965, they won the European Cup Winners Cup , and in 1999 they won the Intertoto Cup . They are one of eight[ citation needed ] clubs existing today to never compete below the second tier of English football; however, unlike the other seven, West Ham has never won the league title . The club's best final league position is third place in the 1985–86 (old) First Division . Three West Ham players were considered an important factor behind England 's triumph in the 1966 World Cup . England's captain at the time was West Ham's Bobby Moore , and both goalscorers in the final were then current players Geoff Hurst and Martin Peters . Contents Main article: History of West Ham United F.C.   Earliest club shot, during its founding year as Thames Ironworks in 1895 The earliest generally accepted incarnation of West Ham United was founded in 1895 as the Thames Ironworks team by foreman and local league referee Dave Taylor and owner Arnold Hills [3] and was announced in the Thames Ironworks Gazette of June 1895. The team played on a strictly amateur basis for 1895 at least, with a team featuring a number of works employees including Thomas Freeman (ships fireman), Walter Parks (clerk), Tom Mundy, Walter Tranter and James Lindsay (all boilermakers), William Chapman, George Sage, and William Chamberlain and apprentice riveter Charlie Dove . [3] 1895–96: First kit [4] The club, Thames Ironworks [5] were the first ever winners of the West Ham Charity Cup in 1895 contested by clubs in the locality, then won the London League in 1897. They turned professional in 1898 upon entering the Southern League Second Division, and were promoted to the First Division at the first attempt. [6] The following year they came second from bottom, but had established themselves as a fully fledged competitive team. They comfortably fended off the challenge of local rivals Fulham in a relegation play-off, 5–1 in late April 1900 and retained their First Division status. [6] The team initially played in full dark blue kits, as inspired by Mr. Hills, who had been an Oxford University " Blue ", but changed the following season by adopting the sky blue shirts and white shorts combination worn through 1897 to 1899. In 1899 they acquired their now traditional home kit combination of claret shirts and sky blue sleeves in a wager involving Aston Villa players, who were League Champions at the time. Following growing disputes over the running and financing of the club in June 1900 Thames Ironworks F.C. was disbanded, [5] then almost immediately relaunched on 5 July 1900 as West Ham United F.C. with Syd King [5] as their manager and future manager Charlie Paynter as his assistant. Because of the original "works team" roots and links (still represented upon the club badge), they are still known to this day as 'the Irons' or 'the Hammers' amongst fans and the media. [5] [7] [8]   Birth of West Ham United The reborn club continued to play their games at the Memorial Ground in Plaistow (funded by Arnold Hills) but moved to a pitch in the Upton Park area when the team officially severed ties with the company (losing their works provisioned offices in the pro