Assassinated in 1965, who was Malcolm Little better known as?

Malcolm X assassinated - Feb 21, 1965 - HISTORY.com Malcolm X assassinated Publisher A+E Networks In New York City, Malcolm X, an African American nationalist and religious leader, is assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights. Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1925, Malcolm was the son of James Earl Little, a Baptist preacher who advocated the black nationalist ideals of Marcus Garvey. Threats from the Ku Klux Klan forced the family to move to Lansing, Michigan, where his father continued to preach his controversial sermons despite continuing threats. In 1931, Malcolm’s father was brutally murdered by the white supremacist Black Legion, and Michigan authorities refused to prosecute those responsible. In 1937, Malcolm was taken from his family by welfare caseworkers. By the time he reached high school age, he had dropped out of school and moved to Boston, where he became increasingly involved in criminal activities. In 1946, at the age of 21, Malcolm was sent to prison on a burglary conviction. It was there he encountered the teachings of Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam, whose members are popularly known as Black Muslims. The Nation of Islam advocated black nationalism and racial separatism and condemned Americans of European descent as immoral “devils.” Muhammad’s teachings had a strong effect on Malcolm, who entered into an intense program of self-education and took the last name “X” to symbolize his stolen African identity. After six years, Malcolm was released from prison and became a loyal and effective minister of the Nation of Islam in Harlem, New York. In contrast with civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X advocated self-defense and the liberation of African Americans “by any means necessary.” A fiery orator, Malcolm was admired by the African American community in New York and around the country. In the early 1960s, he began to develop a more outspoken philosophy than that of Elijah Muhammad, whom he felt did not sufficiently support the civil rights movement. In late 1963, Malcolm’s suggestion that President John F. Kennedy’s assassination was a matter of the “chickens coming home to roost” provided Elijah Muhammad, who believed that Malcolm had become too powerful, with a convenient opportunity to suspend him from the Nation of Islam. A few months later, Malcolm formally left the organization and made a Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, where he was profoundly affected by the lack of racial discord among orthodox Muslims. He returned to America as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz and in June 1964 founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity, which advocated black identity and held that racism, not the white race, was the greatest foe of the African American. Malcolm’s new movement steadily gained followers, and his more moderate philosophy became increasingly influential in the civil rights movement, especially among the leaders of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. On February 21, 1965, one week after his home was firebombed, Malcolm X was shot to death by Nation of Islam members while speaking at a rally of his organization in New York City. Related Videos


By what name was Dutch dancer Margarethe Zelle better known?

Margaret Zelle | Article about Margaret Zelle by The Free Dictionary Margaret Zelle | Article about Margaret Zelle by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Margaret+Zelle Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Mata Hari Convicted as a spy in World War I Mata Hari (mä`tə hä`rē), 1876–1917, Dutch dancer and spy in German service during World War I. Her real name was Margaretha Geertruida Zelle. A dancer in Paris, she joined the German secret service in 1907, and during the war she betrayed important military secrets confided to her by the many high Allied officers who were on intimate terms with her. In 1917 she was arrested, convicted, and executed by the French. Bibliography


Which famous US lawman had brothers called Morgan and Virgil?

Legendary Lawman Morgan Earp | Officer.com Legendary Lawman Morgan Earp by Charles Bennett On Sep 28, 2011 Legendary Lawman Morgan Earp The gravestone of Morgan Earp Photo credit: Charles Bennett | Share | Share Coming from a family of lawmen is never easy. Being the younger brother of Virgil and Wyatt Earp could only have been stifling. Having seen depictions of Morgan Earp in movies (never the most accurate accounts) and reading of him in The Earp Brothers of Tombstone, supposedly written by Virgil Earp's wife Allie, I was compelled to find out more about this little known Earp brother. Morgan was born in Pella, Marion County, Iowa on April 24, 1851 to Nicholas Porter Earp (1813–1907), a farmer and cooper (or barrel maker), and his second wife Virginia Ann Cooksey (1821–1893). The youngest of the Earp brothers, Wyatt and Morgan stayed behind to tend the farm when Newton, James and Virgil went off to the Civil War. I’m sure that staying behind didn’t sit too well with these teenagers as they both hated farming and soon set out west. Some accounts show the Earp family living in Wichita, Kansas while others claim the family moved to San Bernardino, California in 1864. As famous as this family was there is an enormous amount of conflicting reports surrounding the early years. 1874 found Morgan working as a police officer in Butte, Montana. According to legend, Morgan killed his first man there in Butte. The former Marshal of Dodge City, Billy Brooks came to Butte expecting to become their next marshal. When Morgan was appointed instead Brooks apparently took umbrage and called Morgan into the street. With two shots fired, Morgan was wounded in the shoulder and Brooks was shot fatally in the stomach. This account, like all early western stories lacks some documentation and should be taken with a grain of salt… as usual. In 1875 Morgan married Luisa Houston (some accounts claim she was his common-law wife) and they settled down in Butte until 1879. At the time he and brother Wyatt were working as shotgun messengers (security) for the Wells Fargo stage coach.  In early 1880 Morgan and his three brothers, James, Virgil and Wyatt, would move to Tombstone with their families. By this time Wyatt had quite a reputation as a lawman (and gun fighter) and older brother Virgil became the City Marshal. Wyatt and Morgan were appointed “special deputies” shortly thereafter. There was apparently a great deal of bad blood between the Earps and other local families, the Clantons and the McLaurys. I won’t go into detail regarding the reasons for this conflict (the opinions are too varied anyway) but suffice to say that Virgil thought both families were involved in horse thieving in Mexico and Wyatt accused the Clantons of stealing one of his horses. There was also a love triangle between Wyatt, Josephine Sarah Marcus and John Behan, the Cochise County Sheriff. Josephine would eventually become Wyatt’s third wife, but that’s another story. Take all this bad blood and throw the Earp’s good friend Doc Holliday into the mix and you’ve got a gunfight waiting to happen. On October 25th, 1881 Ike Canton and Tom McLaury would arrive in Tombstone. Doc Holliday would eventually have words with Ike in the Alhambra Saloon and invite Ike outside to settle the matter. Ike refused and walked away. Clanton and McLaury were arrested by Virgil Earp the following day for disobeying the city ordinance of no firearms within the city limits. Having been disarmed and released, Ike and Tom met up with Billy Clanton and Frank McLaury at the OK Corral on Fremont Street. In the ensuing gunfight Virgil Earp, Morgan Earp and Doc Holliday were all wounded but continued to fire. There is some disagreement as to who shot Frank McLaury - Doc Holliday or Morgan. The Earps were arrested for the killings and eventually released after a thirty day trial. I’m not saying they were guilty of anything but the presiding judge, Wells Spicer, was a relative and determined that the shooting was justified. All this violence left the townspeople with a real distaste for the Earp family a


What was the name of the cruise ship seized by hijackers in the Mediterranean in 1985?

Achille Lauro hijacking ends - Oct 10, 1985 - HISTORY.com Achille Lauro hijacking ends Publisher A+E Networks The hijacking of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro reaches a dramatic climax when U.S. Navy F-14 fighters intercept an Egyptian airliner attempting to fly the Palestinian hijackers to freedom and force the jet to land at a NATO base in Sigonella, Sicily. American and Italian troops surrounded the plane, and the terrorists were taken into Italian custody. On October 7, four heavily armed Palestinian terrorists hijacked the Achille Lauro in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Alexandria, Egypt. Some 320 crewmembers and 80 passengers,were taken hostage. Hundreds of other passengers had disembarked the cruise ship earlier that day to visit Cairo and tour the Egyptian pyramids. Identifying themselves as members of the Palestine Liberation Front–a Palestinian splinter group–the gunmen demanded the release of 50 Palestinian militants imprisoned in Israel. If their demands were not met, they threatened to blow up the ship and kill the 11 Americans on board. The next morning, they also threatened to kill the British passengers. The Achille Lauro traveled to the Syrian port of Tartus, where the terrorists demanded negotiations on October 8. Syria refused to permit the ship to anchor in its waters, which prompted more threats from the hijackers. That afternoon, they shot and killed Leon Klinghoffer, a 69-year-old Jewish-American who was confined to a wheelchair as the result of a stroke. His body was then pushed overboard in the wheelchair. Yasir Arafat’s Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) condemned the hijacking, and PLO officials joined with Egyptian authorities in attempting to resolve the crisis. On the recommendation of the negotiators, the cruise ship traveled to Port Said. On October 9, the hijackers surrendered to Egyptian authorities and freed the hostages in exchange for a pledge of safe passage to an undisclosed destination. The next day–October 10–the four hijackers boarded an EgyptAir Boeing 737 airliner, along with Mohammed Abbas, a member of the Palestine Liberation Front who had participated in the negotiations; a PLO official; and several Egyptians. The 737 took off from Cairo at 4:15 p.m. EST and headed for Tunisia. President Ronald Reagan gave his final order approving the plan to intercept the aircraft, and at 5:30 p.m. EST, F-14 Tomcat fighters located the airliner 80 miles south of Crete. Without announcing themselves, the F-14s trailed the airliner as it sought and was denied permission to land at Tunis. After a request to land at the Athens airport was likewise refused, the F-14s turned on their lights and flew wing-to-wing with the airliner. The aircraft was ordered to land at a NATO air base in Sicily, and the pilot complied, touching down at 6:45 p.m. The hijackers were arrested soon after. Abbas and the other Palestinian were released, prompting criticism from the United States, which wanted to investigate their possible involvement in the hijacking. On July 10, 1986, an Italian court later convicted three of the terrorists and sentenced them to prison terms ranging from 15 to 30 years. Three others, including Mohammed Abbas, were convicted in absentia for masterminding the hijacking and sentenced to life in prison. They received harsher penalties because, unlike the hijackers, who the court found were acting for “patriotic motives,” Abbas and the others conceived the hijacking as a “selfish political act” designed “to weaken the leadership of Yasir Arafat.” The fourth hijacker was a minor who was tried and convicted separately. Related Videos


In 1968 which US artist and film maker was shot and wounded by actress Valerie Solanas?

Andy Warhol is shot by Valerie Solanas in 1968 - NY Daily News Andy Warhol is shot by Valerie Solanas in 1968 Andy Warhol is shot by Valerie Solanas in 1968 NEW YORK DAILY NEWS Unconscious after shooting, critically wounded Andy Warhol is carried to ambulance. (Jack Smith) NEW YORK DAILY NEWS Tuesday, June 2, 2015, 12:00 PM (Originally published by the Daily News on June 4, 1968. This story was written by Frank Faso, Martin McLaughlin, Richard Henry.) Andy Warhol, 36-year-old pop artist, maker of underground movies and darling of the avant-garde set, was critically wounded at 4:30 p.m. yesterday when one of his female film stars barged into his sixth-floor Union Square office and, without a word, fired a barrage of bullets at Warhol and a business associate. Of the four shots fired at close range, one .32 caliber bullet hit Warhol and another inflicted a relatively minor wound on the associate. Warhol underwent five and a half hours of emergency surgery by a team of four doctors at Columbus Hospital. He was given a “50-50 chance to live.” The suspect, Valerie Solanas, 28, surrendered to rookie Patrolman William Schmalix, on traffic duty at Seventh Ave. and 47th St., at 7:30 p.m. Schmalix, 22 and a cop only since February, said she handed him a .22 revolver and a .32 automatic and told him: “The police are looking for me. I am a flower child. He had too much control over my life.” Refuses to Give Address Booked at the E. 21st St. station on charges of felonious assault and possession of a dangerous weapon with intent to kill, the short-haired brunette declared that she lived “nowhere.” When asked who she was, she replied: “I’m really a writer,” and said she was a 1962 University of Maryland graduate. Asked to explain the shooting, she stated: “There are many involved reasons. I have written manifesto of what I am and what I stand for.” The bullet that hit Warhol twisted crazily through his abdomen and chest, wreaking much damage. It entered through the left lung, hit his spleen, stomach, liver and esophagus before penetrating the right lung and emergency from his right side. X-rays established that only one slug had caused the damage, according to the hospital’s medical director, Dr. Massimo Bazzini. Art Dealer Wounded Also wounded by one shot, in the attack witnessed by four other astonished persons, was Mario Amaya, 34, a visiting art dealer editor from London. He was hit near his left hip. Warhol was at the desk of his office nicknamed The Factory and headquarters of his Films Inc., 33 Union Square West. Near him was Amaya. Grouped near the elevator end of the Swedish-studio-type chamber were Paul Morrissey and Fred Hughes, two Warhol workers, and two other persons. Miss Solanas, who had been at the studio without seeing Warhol earlier in the afternoon, got off the cage-type elevator at the opposite end of the room from Warhol. Her entry did not create a stir. Casual in yellow blouse and tan slacks covered by brown jacket, she sauntered toward Warhol, who was talking on a phone and opening mail. She drew a gun and began firing, first at Warhol and then at Amaya. Before the others could stop her, she ran back to the elevator, started the car down and escaped. Detective Frederick Stepat and policewoman McCarthy escort Valeria Solanas, 28, into 13th pct, for the shooting Andy Warhol. Valerie surrendered to a cop in Times Square, allegedly admitting to the shooting, and saying, "I am a flower child." (Russo, Frank) Moments after Andy Warhol was critically shot at his 33 Union Square office, his associate, Mario Amaya, walks to ambulance with back wound. Bullet narrowly missed his spine. (Jack Smith) The two victims were rushed to the hospital. After treatment, Amaya emerged, carrying his bloody shirt and with bandages on his torso. One bullet had entered his left side, above his hip, gone around his rib cage and emerged from his back, after narrowly missing his spinal cord. “I Was Very Lucky” Amaya, a short, dapper man who had come to New York to persuade Warhol “to do a retrospective exhibition in London,” said: “I was ve


What is the Capital of Croatia? - Capital-of.com Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com Capital of Croatia The Capital City of Croatia (officially named Republic of Croatia) is the city of Zagreb. The population of Zagreb in the year 2007 was 784,900 (1,093,900 in the metropolitan area). Croatia is a Croatian speaking country on the coasts of the Adriatic Sea. Additional Information


In 1902 the Treaty of Vereeniging brought which war to an end?

Boer War Memorial, South African Military Veterans, Australia Contact Us Boer War Memorial The 31st of May marks the anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging, which brought an end to the Anglo Boer War of 1899 – 1902. Each year members of SAMVOA lay a wreath in memory of the Boer men, women and children who died during the war and in the spirit of reconciliation. SAMVOA are mindful and appreciative of the invitation from the National Boer War Memorial Association, allowing us the opportunity to proudly take part in the ceremony and in so doing, honour our forefathers who took on the might of the British Empire all those years ago in South Africa. Lest we forget Queensland Boer War Memorial Special Service – 23 September 2012 A memorial service hosted by the Boer War Memorial Association committee, for fallen Queensland diggers LT Caskey and Private Forsyth, was held on Sunday, 23 September 2012 at the Toowong Cemetery, Brisbane. SAMVOA QLD was extended an invitation to attend the ceremony in honour of the above-mentioned Australian servicemen who participated in the Boer War. Veteran Greg Sadler represented the organisation in remembering these servicemen, as well as the fallen SAMVOA ancestors on both sides of the conflict. During the ceremony SAMVOA QLD was formally welcomed by a Boer War Memorial Association ccommittee representative.  Acknowledgements were given by the Federal Minister for Ryan, Ms Jane Prentice MP, as well as LTCOL Miles Farmer and Mr Bill Cross. Following the unveiling of the plaque for LT Caskey and Private Forsyth, a SAMVOA QLD wreath was laid. An interesting observation made by Veteran Greg Sadler was the number of Australians who engaged him in conversation with respect to Boer ancestry. Greg is an ideal representative for SAMVOA at these events as he has direct links to both the Imperial Forces as well as the Boer sides of the conflict.


The original 'Wendy house' was built for which fictional character?

Wendy house Wendy house A Wendy house, also known as a cubby house or play house, is a small toy house . The name originates from the character of Wendy Darling in J. M. Barrie 's play, Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up. Wendy was injured soon after her arrival in Neverland, so Peter Pan and the Lost Boys build a small house around her where she had fallen. A Wendy house was created by Barrie himself for the first stage production of the play in 1904. In Northern England, Wendy houses are another name for portable survival refuges. In South Africa , Wendy houses are normally pre-fabricated timber sheds which are delivered by a small truck and erected in the back yard as either a play area for children or for the storage of garden tools. In Australia cubby houses (or colloquially "cubby" or "cubbies") were historically built by children (with perhaps some help from older persons) from found or scrap materials often in out-of-the-way places in the garden or in wasteground areas. They were by their nature impermanent structures often lasting for a season or two or just for a school holiday. Latterly however, with safety concerns becoming more of a focus and children playing less frequently outside of the family home's garden, construction has been more formalised with kits and even fully-built units being available commercially. The phrase is virtually unknown in most of the U.S. , where a backyard children's play structure is much more likely to be called a play house, a 'clubhouse' or, if in a tree, 'treehouse'. (Wikipedia)


Convict Robert Franklin Stroud was better known as whom?

Robert Stroud - The Birdman of Alcatraz Official Bookstore Robert "the Birdman of Alcatraz" Stroud Robert Stroud, who was better known to the public as the "Birdman of Alcatraz," was probably the most famous inmate ever to reside on Alcatraz. In 1909 he brutally murdered a bartender who had allegedly failed to pay a prostitute for whom Stroud was pimping in Alaska. After shooting the bartender to death, Stroud took the man's wallet to ensure that he and the prostitute would receive compensation for her services. In 1911 Stroud was convicted of manslaughter, and he was sent to serve out his sentence at McNeil Island, a Federal penitentiary in Washington State. His record at McNeil indicates that he was violent and difficult to manage. On one occasion, Stroud viciously assaulted a hospital orderly who he insisted had reported him to the administration for attempting to procure narcotics through intimidation and threats. On another occasion he stabbed a fellow inmate. Robert Stroud following his arrival at U.S.P. Alcatraz in December of 1942 Robert Stroud at Alcatraz in October 1951 Shortly after receiving an additional six-month sentence for his hostile actions, Stroud was transferred to Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary in Kansas, due to ceaseless complaints about his threats toward other inmates, and also because of overcrowding in the prison. In 1916, after Stroud was refused a visit with his brother, he stabbed a guard to death in front of eleven hundred inmates in the prison Mess Hall. He was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to death by hanging, and he was ordered to await his death sentence in solitary confinement. His mother desperately pleaded for his life, and finally in 1920 President Woodrow Wilson commuted his death sentence to life imprisonment without parole. As a result of Stroud's unpredictable and violent outbursts, Warden T.W. Morgan directed that Stroud be permanently placed in the segregation unit, to live out his sentence in total solitude. Over the course of Stroud's thirty years of imprisonment at Leavenworth, he developed a keen interest in canaries, after finding an injured bird in the recreation yard. Stroud was initially allowed to breed birds and maintain a lab inside two adjoining segregation cells, since it was felt that this activity would provide for productive use of his time. As a result of this privilege, Stoud was able to author two books on canaries and their diseases, having raised nearly 300 birds in his cells, carefully studying their habits and physiology, and he even developed and marketed medicines for various bird ailments. Although it is widely debated whether the remedies he developed were effective, Stroud was able to make scientific observations that would later benefit research on the canary species. However, after several years of Stroud's informal research, prison officials discovered that some of the equipment he had requested was actually being used to construct a still to make an alcoholic brew. In 1942 Stroud was transferred to Alcatraz, where he spent the next seventeen years - six years in segregation in D Block, and eleven years in the prison hospital. In 1959 he was transferred to the Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri, and there on November 21, 1963, he was found dead from natural causes by convicted spy, close friend, and fellow inmate Morton Sobell. Stroud had never been permitted to see the movie in which Burt Lancaster portrayed him as a mild-mannered and humane individual, but "Birdman of Alcatraz" later earned Lancaster an Academy Award nomination for best actor. For a more detailed narrative on Robert Stroud please see the full-length article published on this web site, or follow the link for more information on the book Alcatraz - A Definitive History, which can be ordered directly from this site. This publication contains a comprehensive chronicle of Robert Stroud's life and imprisonment. In addition, it includes an extensive archive of rare Alcatraz related documents and photographs. Former Alcatraz Correctional Of


What scientist and inventor was responsible for the Decibel unit of measurement?

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL INVENTOR OF THE TELEPHONE     Alexander     Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 ï¿½     August 2, 1922) was a Scottish -born     scientist and inventor .     Today, Bell is still widely considered to be the foremost inventor of     the telephone, although this matter has become controversial, with a     number of people claiming that Antonio Meucci was the 'real' inventor     (in June 2002, the United States House of Representatives passed a     symbolic bill officially recognizing Meucci for his contributions to the     invention of the telephone). Others advance Elisha Gray, the founder of     the Western Electric Manufacturing Company. (It is reasonably clear that     each of these men independently invented a telephone.) In addition to     Bell's work in telecommunications technology, he was responsible for important advances in aviation and hydrofoil technology.   Biography   Born Alexander Bell in Edinburgh on March 3, 1847, he later adopted     the middle name Graham out of admiration for Alexander Graham, a     family friend. Many called Bell "the father of the Deaf." This     title may be regarded as somewhat ironic due to his belief in the     practice of eugenics. He hoped to one day eliminate hereditary deafness     from the population.   His     family was associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather in London , his     uncle in Dublin ,     and his father, Alexander Melville Bell, in Edinburgh, were all     professed elocutionists. The latter has published a variety of works on     the subject, several of which are well known, especially his treatise on     Visible Speech, which appeared in Edinburgh in 1868. In this he explains     his method of instructing deaf mutes, by means of their eyesight, how to     articulate words, and also how to read what other persons are saying by     the motions of their lips.   Alexander     Graham Bell was educated at the Royal     High School of Edinburgh, from which he graduated at the age of 13.     At the age of 16 he secured a position as a pupil-teacher of elocution     and music in Weston House Academy, at Elgin ,     Moray, Scotland. The next year he spent at the University of Edinburgh.     He was graduated from University College London.   From     1866 to 1867, he was an instructor at Somersetshire College at Bath,     Somerset, England .   While     still in Scotland he is said to have turned his attention to the science     of acoustics, with a view to ameliorate the deafness of his mother.   In     1870, at the age of 23, he emigrated with his family to Canada where they settled at Brantford. Before he left Scotland, Bell had     turned his attention to telephony, and in Canada he continued an     interest in communication machines. He designed a piano which could     transmit its music to a distance by means of electricity. In 1873, he     accompanied his father to Montreal, Canada, where he was employed in     teaching the system of visible speech. The elder Bell was invited to     introduce the system into a large day-school for mutes at Boston, but he     declined the post in favor of his son, who became Professor of Vocal     Physiology and Elocution at Boston University's School of Oratory.   At     Boston University he continued his research in the same field, and     endeavored to produce a telephone which would not only send musical     notes, but articulate speech. With financing from his American     father-in-law, on March 7, 1876, the U.S. Patent Office granted him     Patent Number 174,465 covering the telephone:-   "the       method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds       telegraphically ï¿½ by causing electrical undulations, similar in       form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or       other sound"   After     obtaining the patent for the telep


Which city is known as Auld Reekie and also Athens of the North?

Urban Dictionary: Edinburgh Population 450,000 (approx) Capital City of Scotland since 1437. The city is dominated by a huge castle built upon an extinct Volcano and the history of Edinburgh is woven around this grand structure.Originally a Celtic Hillfort inhabited by the Votadini tribe called it Din Eidyn later anglicised into the present name.Edinburgh can be split in to two areas,The old town which grew around the castle and slopes and the New town largely built in the 18th century.Holyrood Palace is found at the other end of the 'Royal Mile'which leads down a slope from the castle.This Palace has been a royal residence of Scottish Monarchs since the 15th century,The present Queen of Great Britain also uses it. Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament(Restored in 1999) Edinburgh has a Fascinating History and is the most visited City in Scotland Some Famous People Born in Edinburgh Include, Tony Blair , Sean Connery ,Alexander Graham Bell, Robert Louis Stevenson ,Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sir Walter Scott and Feild Marshal Sir Douglas Haig Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and the HIV capital of Europe; the former owing to the fact that the populace is made up of whores, poofs and junkies. Almost all of Edinburgh's residents (Edinbuggers) have a massive chip on their shoulder. There are many different reasons for this, foremost are; having fuck all of note in their city apart from a castle, a distinct lack of decent bars/clubs/atmosphere, two pish 'football' teams and the fact that they are all whores poofs and junkies. In spite of all this they still have the temerity to be a bunch of ignorant, rude, stuck up cunts. If you see a tram in Edinburgh you might want to check that you are not actually in Blackpool, as the silly bastards have been trying, and failing, to build a tram system since about the same time they threw the castle up. The best thing about Edinburgh is the motorway to Glasgow. Glasgow being Edinburghs more vibrant, cosmopolitan, cultural, stylish, laid back, humourous and funloving neighbour. Glaswegian 1 : "Fancy going through to Edinburgh for a night out ?" Glaswegian 2 : "Fuck that mate, that place is a massive fucking fun sponge and everyone looks at you like you've just pissed on their chips" Glaswegian 3 : "Yeah fuck that, I'd rather go to one of Michael Barrymore's pool parties" Glaswegian 2 : "True that man...true that"


The French slang 'capote anglaise' meaning English hood, or English overcoat refers to what?

French letter = condom? | WordReference Forums French letter = condom? I've just learned that condoms in UK may be also called French letters. How come? United Kingdom, English/Italian Speaker It would be quite an old-fashioned way to refer to them. I believe it stems from the fact that they were issued to British soldiers on leave in France during World War One.   English-Ireland (top end) The OED's earliest quotation is from around 1856. I seem to recall that a condom in French is a capote Anglaise = English overcoat, which adds further confusion.   panjandrum said: ↑ The OED's earliest quotation is from around 1856. I seem to recall that a condom in French is a capote Anglaise = English overcoat, which adds further confusion. Click to expand... It's a large overcoat with a hood, usually - an item of military costume: here's the best photo I could find - surplus stock from the hospital corps - http://www.stockdenfert.com/product_info.php?products_id=31 , or the hood of a convertible car. In normal circumstances I would now produce my piece on the habit all over Europe of attributing contraceptive devices, diseases, and particularly nasty habits, to neighbouring countries, with examples - it's funny: some have even called it brilliant, but last time I gave it to the world I was Panjed. I'm now braced for the worst.   Belfast, Ireland English-Ireland (top end) If someone could rationally and effectively give an answer to the specific question of this thread, I am sure it would be appreciated ... ...   Oman English (USA) Well, in French, lettre d'amour means love letter, and lettre de présentation means letter of introduction. Maybe there is some history there ...   U.S. English Here's a reasonable explanation: "The most likely origin of "French letters" lies in an interesting but now obsolete verb let, ‘to hinder or prevent’, as in "without let" or hindrance and the more familiar tennis expression "let ball" (where the progress of the ball is hindered by the net). . .a letter could refer to someone or something that hindered. The purpose of the French letter is precisely this — to hinder or prevent in this case conception or to prevent the spread of venereal infection" Wise Words - Episode 19 - Can We Help - ABC TV   Maybe it's a letter because it lets you do what your passion desires without consequences....   My Websters 3rd International lists "French Letters" (caps.) as slang, chiefly British. It also lists "French Disease" as syphilis. The French have a lot to answer for.   Northern California AE, Español The "French" was picked for the same reason that "French disease" and "French kiss" were coined: stereotypes and racial enmity. As for letters, I always thought that a condom was similar to an envelope, topologically and in use (as a protective covering), hence the "letter" reference.   Zacatecas, México English UK There is a not so conclusive discussion on the origin of French Letters here . Another source is quoted which: ... traces the word derivation to a Colonel Condum of Britain's Royal Guards. This authority notes that the colonel devised the 'French letter' early in the mid-17th century to protect his troops from the French. Click to expand... which makes me wonder if 17th century warfare was a little different from how I imagined it. I thought they used muskets.   A note to Packard - the French used to refer to syphilis as the English disease.   The fraternal warmth between the French and the English is famous, of course   The fraternal warmth between the French and the English is famous, of course Click to expand... And the English called it the Great Spanish Pox because it was brought back from the Americas by Columbus. I thought pig's intestine had been used for this purpose for donkey's years - both to inhibit conception and to prevent contagion.   English - Ireland Just came across this thread and it reminded me of something I recently read. May I suggest that the good Colonel was reading the dedication in Charles Baudelaires 'Les Fluers du Mal' .... fleursdumal.org/poem/098 (can't post urls) It was


Maris Piper is a variety of which vegetable?

Independent assessment of the Maris Piper potato The parents of Maris Piper are (CPC 1673 x Ulster Knight) x (Arran Cairn x  Herald).  APPEARANCE, TASTE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MARIS PIPER The Maris Piper potato The plants are tall-growing so this is not a variety for areas with strong winds. The attractive, light purple flowers are produced freely with lots of dark berries later in the season. The potatoes are slightly oval with medium-thick skins. The flesh is pleasantly dense with lots of dry matter, coloured cream it looks exactly like a potato should. The potato size is medium for a maincrop POSITIVE POINTS FOR MARIS PIPER There are three key reasons for the amateur gardener to grow this maincrop potato variety, the first being the high yields. Not all the potatoes reach maturity, a few ending up as just marble size, but overall this is one of the most productive potato varieties. The second positive is that Maris Piper keeps very well, longer than most other varieties when harvested and stored correctly. Their final crowning glory is that the are the ultimate all rounder. Not only does almost every chippie in the country use them but they are excellent for baking, frying and boiling. NEGATIVE POINTS FOR MARIS PIPER Disease resistance is not one of their strong points for the amateur gardener. The commercial producers grow them with a frightening array of chemicals and fertilisers but the amateur does not have access to these, nor would they want to. They have low resistance to dry rot, blight, powdery scab, common scab and some forms of eelworm. Slugs find them tastier than many other varieties. BUYING MARIS PIPER SEED POTATOES IN THE UK This is a particularly common variety and can be bought online, in garden  centres and the diy stores. They are also sold by some of the discount  supermarkets at low prices - most years they appear in Lidl, Aldi,  Wilkinsons and even Poundland from the middle of February. If you want to  keep up to date with when they are available at the discount store then join  our Facebook page where we post details as soon as they become available. We recommend buying your seed potatoes from certified suppliers because those sold in supermarkets for consumption can be a source of disease and pest. We would avoid buying them from online general retailers such as as Amazon or E-bay unless you know exactly who is supplying the seed potatoes. Buying seed potatoes from the discount store can be a good deal but it  can also result in a sub-standard crop. The discount stores take the second  quality seed potatoes whereas the more specialist suppliers take the best  quality. Unfortunately you will only find this out after you have carefully  tended your crop for several months. Suttons Seeds (a GardenFocused approved supplier) sell Maris piper seed potatoes which are not only correctly certified but they are graded by size to avoid unduly small seed potatoes being sold. Click here for more information and to buy Maris Piper online. A 1kg bag will contain about 11 good sized seed potatoes. ALTERNATIVES TO MARIS PIPER POTATOES The key qualities of this variety are the high yields it regularly gives,  long storage capabilities and good all round cooking qualities. Many of  these qualities can be found in the variety Valor . Two other maincrop varieties which may fit the requirements are Kerr's Pink and Desiree . For other potato varieties which we have fully reviewed, click the drop down box above, select a variety and then click the More Information Button. The planting and harvest dates used below are correct for the UK average. If you want them to be even more accurate and adjusted for your area of the UK click here . It only takes a minute and the adjustment affects every date in this site and lasts for six months. WHEN TO CHIT / SPROUT MARIS PIPER POTATOES In all the tests we have conducted and those we have researched, there is no detectable difference between maincrop potatoes which are chitted and those which are planted directly in the ground. However if yo


An epithalamium is a song or poem celebrating what?

epithalamium Encyclopedia  >  Literature and the Arts  >  Language, Linguistics, and Literary Terms  >  Literature: General epithalamium epithalamium (ĕpˌĭthəlāˈmēəm) [ key ], song or poem written to celebrate a marriage. An elaborate form of pastoral , the epithalamium usually tells of the happenings of the wedding day. Nymphs, shepherds, and appropriate mythological figures are present to share the poet's joy. Epithalamiums were written in ancient times by Pindar, Sappho, and Catullus. The biblical Song of Solomon is a classic of the genre as is Edmund Spenser's "Epithalamium" (1595), written to celebrate his own marriage. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Literature: General


What Are the Lightest Elements? | Sciencing What Are the Lightest Elements? By Bailey Rodriguez Hemera Technologies/PhotoObjects.net/Getty Images The periodic table of elements is organized from the lightest elements, those with a low atomic number, to the heaviest elements. The lightest element has an atomic number of one, and as the elements get heavier, their atomic numbers increase. The lightest elements are at the beginning on the periodic table. Hydrogen Hydrogen is the lightest and the most plentiful element in the universe. Hydrogen, denoted by the symbol H, has an atomic number of one and joins with many other elements to produce water, ammonia, hydrocarbons, acids and bases. Hydrogen has an atomic weight of 1.008. It can act as a halogen and is also similar to alkali metals. Hydrogen is one of the cornerstone elements of the make up of the universe. Helium Helium is the second lightest element and is also the second most plentiful element in the universe although it's not found in large quantities on Earth. Helium, denoted by the atomic symbol He and the atomic number two, has an atomic weight of 4.0026. Helium is created underground as a byproduct of radioactive decomposition. It is used to make things, like balloons or blimps, float; it's also used as a displacement medium for gas in deep-sea diving and as a super coolant. Lithium Lithium, the third lightest element in the periodic table of elements and the lightest metal, has an atomic number of three, an atomic weight of 6.939 and is denoted by the atomic symbol Li. This reactive metal is whitish silver in color. Lithium melts at 179 degrees Celsius or about 354.2 degrees Fahrenheit. Lithium was discovered in 1817 by John Arfvedson. The word "lithium" comes from the Greek word "lithos," which means stone. Beryllium Beryllium is a rigid, brittle, steel gray, nonmagnetic metal that does not corrode. Beryllium, denoted by the symbol Be, is the fourth lightest element and has an atomic number of 4. The atomic weight of beryllium is 9.0122. Beryllium is commonly used in aerospace engineering and in nuclear reactors. It is often combined with copper to produce metal springs and contacts for electrical mechanisms. Beryllium is both toxic and carcinogenic. References


Dame Peggy Ashcroft won an Oscar for her role in which 1984 film?

Peggy Ashcroft - Awards - IMDb Peggy Ashcroft Showing all 15 wins and 10 nominations Academy Awards, USA Peggy Ashcroft was not present at the awards ceremony. Angela Lansbury accepted the award on her ... More Peggy Ashcroft was not present at the awards ceremony. Angela Lansbury accepted the award on her behalf. Golden Globes, USA A Passage to India (1984) Peggy Ashcroft was not present at the awards ceremony. Her co-star Victor Banerjee accepted the ... More Peggy Ashcroft was not present at the awards ceremony. Her co-star Victor Banerjee accepted the award on her behalf. Primetime Emmy Awards


In 1865 what significant event happened at Ford's Theatre in Washington DC?

Ford's Theatre Ford's Theatre Show Less Where Abraham Lincoln’s legacy lives. The site of Lincoln’s assassination, Ford’s Theatre offers museum exhibits, live theatre and immersive learning. Happening At Ford’s Events, Performances, Tours Explore the History Stories, Artifacts, Resources Education & Impact Programs, Support, Reach Happening At Ford’s Events, Performances, Tours Save for Later Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? January 21-February 19, 2017 Filled with acerbic wit, Edward Albee’s American masterpiece is both wildly funny and heart-wrenching. Next Showing Explore the History Stories, Artifacts, Resources Discover Investigate the Assassination Uncover clues from the night of April 14, 1865. Begin your own investigation into the night of the assassination. Follow the events of April 14, 1865 and piece together how Booth was able to sneak into the presidential box and assassination President Lincoln.  Education & Impact Programs, Support, Reach For Teachers Week-long professional development About Enhance your teaching practice by exploring Civil War and Reconstruction sites in the nation’s capital. Discover how historical events in the Washington area continue to shape our world. Historic Site Visit Visit the site of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination and learn about its lasting impact on our nation. Explore These Topics The Fateful Day President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre on April 14, 1865. Learn how and why it happened, and see the event’s lasting impact on our nation. Explore Booth's Murderous Plan Today many people consider Abraham Lincoln one of the United States’s greatest presidents. Why would John Wilkes Booth want to murder him? Explore An Overnight Vigil As Lincoln lay dying in a back bedroom of a small Washington boarding house, the home became the hub of the U.S. government. What happened in the Petersen House the night of April 14, 1865? Explore The Fateful Day President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre on April 14, 1865. Learn how and why it happened, and see the event’s lasting impact on our nation. Explore Booth's Murderous Plan Today many people consider Abraham Lincoln one of the United States’s greatest presidents. Why would John Wilkes Booth want to murder him? Explore An Overnight Vigil As Lincoln lay dying in a back bedroom of a small Washington boarding house, the home became the hub of the U.S. government. What happened in the Petersen House the night of April 14, 1865?


The Blue Boy by Gainsborough by Thomas Gainsborough The painting of The Blue Boy is perhaps the most well known of Gainsboroughï¿½s works. Curiously enough it was little known in Gainsboroughï¿½s day and there is no definite information, either about the date of the painting or about the identity of the sitter. The work was executed during his extended stay in Bath before he finally settled in 1774. It also has been suggested that The Blue Boy was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1770. It was not until ten years after Gainsboroughï¿½s death that the picture was mentioned in print stating that one of the artistï¿½s best portraits was in the possession of Mr. Butall, an ironmonger in Newport and an intimate friend of the artist. It seems likely, therefore, that the model for The Blue Boy was his son, Jonathan Butall. This portrait is extraordinary. Gainsborough depicts the boyï¿½s face straight on, like a renaissance sculpture. His pose is far more classical than anything from the seventeenth century, a period that the artist liked very much. This is not a handsome boy but a confident, amusing young man. If you look closely, the blue paint in the costume seems to stand out but it is the silver that makes the costume. The costume dates about 140 years before the portrait was painted. This type of costume was familiar through the portraits of the great painter Van Dyck. Gainsborough greatly admired his work and seems to have conceived The Blue Boy as an act of homage to that master. This work of art was painted with oil paints on a canvas and is quite large: 48 inches wide and 70 inches tall. Gainsborough painted it over another painting that he had already started to paint. Click to purchase art prints by Thomas Gainsborough <A class="APCAnchor" HREF="http://affiliates.allposters.com/link/redirect.asp?AID=90341&PSTID=4&LTID=16">Buy Posters at AllPosters.com </A>


Who wrote the poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard?

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard    Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Introduction In A Nutshell Thomas Gray invariably plays second fiddle to the more famous eighteenth-century British poet Alexander Pope in the literary history books, which is kind of a bummer, because Gray was a really interesting guy. Sure, he wrote relatively few poems, and of those few, most readers and critics agree that "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" is far and away the best, but the question is, why did he write so few poems? What was holding him back? How could the guy who wrote the haunting, beautiful "Elegy" also write the relatively stilted and formal "Sonnet on the Death of Richard West" (1775)? There are so many unanswered questions about Thomas Gray! If Shmoop had a time machine, we'd want to transport ourselves back to the late 1700s to try to get the Shmoop scoop on Gray. What made this guy tick? Here's what we do know: his home life wasn't so great. His father went kinda crazy on occasion, and abused his mother. Not a very happy environment to grow up in! But that's the good thing about being a relatively well-to-do young man in the 1700s: you get sent to boarding school from a very young age, so you get to escape from the yelling and abuse at home. At Eton, Gray met his BFF, Richard West (whose early death inspired the poem, "Sonnet on the Death of Richard West") and he also made friends with Horace Walpole, who grew up to write the totally awesome, completely insane The Castle of Otranto, the novel that practically launched the literary Gothic movement (a.k.a. the literary ancestors of modern horror flicks). But what else do we know about Gray? Not much, really—he wrote a lot of letters, but didn't share much personal gossip. Gray tended to start poems and never finish them, or else he'd finish them but never publish them. He was offered the prestigious post of British Poet Laureate in 1757, but he turned it down. It seems as though he might have lacked confidence in himself as a poet. He only published the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" because, after sending a few copies to his friends for their private enjoyment, some hack publishers got hold of it and tried to print a knock-off version without his permission. (Copyright laws weren't very strict in those days, so they'd have gotten away with it.) And yet the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" is hands-down one of the most beautiful poems written in the eighteenth century, and it certainly had a major impact on later writers, especially Romantic-era poets like William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and John Keats, among others. The "Elegy" asks us to honor the lives of common, everyday people—not just rich, famous folks. This idea of glorifying mundane, everyday things becomes central to the philosophies of British Romantics. That's part of why Gray's "Elegy" often gets interpreted as a kind of turning point from the more formal poetry of the 18th century, with its emphasis on rich and famous people, to the more loose, free-form poetry of the Romantics, which focused more on everyday folks. The "Elegy" was probably inspired in part by Gray's sadness at the death of his friend Richard West. It's not just about death, but how people are remembered after they're dead (if that's a theme that interests you, you should check out "Afterwards" by Thomas Hardy). Gray muses about what happens after people die, and in the final stanzas of the poem, he admits his own fear of dying. It's a powerful and evocative poem. Even if the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" were the only poem Gray ever wrote, Gray would deserve a place of pride in the literary history books, even alongside heavy hitters like Alexander Pope.   Why Should I Care? Ever lost somebody that you cared about? No? Well, then you've probably at least experienced the loss of someone who moved far away. Still no? Well, not to bum you out, but chances are that you will—someday. And when that happens, you might find Thomas Gray 's "Elegy Written in a Coun


Little Big Horn, the scene of Custer's last stand, is in which US state?

Battle of the Little Bighorn - Native American History - HISTORY.com Battle of the Little Bighorn Battle of the Little Bighorn Author Battle of the Little Bighorn URL A+E Networks Introduction The Battle of the Little Bighorn, fought on June 25, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, pitted federal troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (1839-76) against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Tensions between the two groups had been rising since the discovery of gold on Native American lands. When a number of tribes missed a federal deadline to move to reservations, the U.S. Army, including Custer and his 7th Calvary, was dispatched to confront them. Custer was unaware of the number of Indians fighting under the command of Sitting Bull (c.1831-90) at Little Bighorn, and his forces were outnumbered and quickly overwhelmed in what became known as Custer’s Last Stand. Google Battle of the Little Bighorn: Mounting Tensions Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (c.1840-77), leaders of the Sioux on the Great Plains, strongly resisted the mid-19th-century efforts of the U.S. government to confine their people to reservations. In 1875, after gold was discovered in South Dakota’s Black Hills, the U.S. Army ignored previous treaty agreements and invaded the region. This betrayal led many Sioux and Cheyenne tribesmen to leave their reservations and join Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in Montana . By the late spring of 1876, more than 10,000 Native Americans had gathered in a camp along the Little Bighorn River–which they called the Greasy Grass–in defiance of a U.S. War Department order to return to their reservations or risk being attacked. Did You Know? Several members ofGeorge Armstrong Custer's family were alsokilled at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, including two of his brothers, his brother-in-law and a nephew. In mid-June, three columns of U.S. soldiers lined up against the camp and prepared to march. A force of 1,200 Native Americans turned back the first column on June 17. Five days later, General Alfred Terry ordered George Custer’s 7th Cavalry to scout ahead for enemy troops. On the morning of June 25, Custer drew near the camp and decided to press on ahead rather than wait for reinforcements. Battle of the Little Bighorn: Custer’s Last Stand At mid-day on June 25, Custer’s 600 men entered the Little Bighorn Valley. Among the Native Americans, word quickly spread of the impending attack. The older Sitting Bull rallied the warriors and saw to the safety of the women and children, while Crazy Horse set off with a large force to meet the attackers head on. Despite Custer’s desperate attempts to regroup his men, they were quickly overwhelmed. Custer and some 200 men in his battalion were attacked by as many as 3,000 Native Americans; within an hour, Custer and all of his soldiers were dead. The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custer’s Last Stand, marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worst U.S. Army defeat in the long Plains Indian War. The demise of Custer and his men outraged many white Americans and confirmed their image of the Indians as wild and bloodthirsty. Meanwhile, the U.S. government increased its efforts to subdue the tribes. Within five years, almost all of the Sioux and Cheyenne would be confined to reservations. Tags


Who was Britain's first Labour prime minister?

The Ignominious End to Britain’s First Labour Prime Minister | Flashback | OZY The Ignominious End to Britain’s First Labour Prime Minister Copy link to share with friends Copy link Why you should care He played a key role in shaping the politics of modern Britain, helping to make Labour a legitimate player. The Daily Dose APR 30 2015 The selective memory of history can be extremely cruel. For Ramsay MacDonald, Britain’s first prime minister from the leftist Labour Party, one of the biggest blemishes on his legacy came down to this: betrayal. That is, betrayal of Labour’s working-class supporters when MacDonald, in 1931, joined his Conservative opponents and cut unemployment benefits at the height of the Great Depression. Tens of thousands of workers rioted in Manchester and Glasgow, while sailors facing pay cuts mutinied in the Cromarty Firth, in Scotland, not far from MacDonald’s birthplace in Lossiemouth. Today, the Labour Party is a British establishment, having sharply moderated its anti-capitalist platform under Prime Ministers Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. In the 1920s, it was anything but. Still, if MacDonald left one enduring legacy for Britain, it was the idea that the Labour Party could responsibly assume power without wrecking the nation. For that, he might have done his party more good than he has ever been given credit for, though that view is far from universal. Writing in Britain’s Socialist Review in 1996, Dave Renton of the far-left Socialist Workers Party searched through history to find a Labour leader as despicably right-wing as Blair. “The only candidate who comes even close is Ramsay MacDonald,” he wrote, citing “the ‘Great Betrayal’ of 1931.” MacDonald wasn’t exactly cut from the cloth of typical British politicians. During one especially nasty public spat in 1915, during World War I, the editor of the ultrapatriotic John Bull magazine, Horatio Bottomley, labeled MacDonald a “traitor, a coward and a cur” — and then proceeded to unveil MacDonald’s birth certificate, proving that he was the illegitimate son of “a Scotch servant girl.” His name wasn’t even Ramsay MacDonald, but James MacDonald Ramsay — a fact apparently unknown to MacDonald himself at the time, according to his biographer, David Potter. MacDonald, you see, took a principled stance to oppose Britain’s joining the war against Germany, a position that forced him to resign as leader of the still-fledgling Labour Party the year before. “He was very much a Scottish self-made man, with a staunch Calvinist background,” Potter tells OZY. MacDonald’s Labour colleagues abandoned him in anger, while he served as a virtual puppet of the Conservatives until 1935. Pacifism made MacDonald extremely unpopular and cost him the next election, but political memories are short, especially since Britain seemed to gain nothing from winning the war. What brought him back was brilliant and charismatic oratory, sermons on justice for Britain’s poor delivered with a distinct Scottish brogue, combined with a methodical and calculating political moderation. A few years after the war, MacDonald was back in Parliament and once again head of the Labour Party. After the Conservatives failed to win a majority and couldn’t form a government, he had that fateful call in early 1924 from King George V to come to the palace. The king invited MacDonald to form a government, with the admonition not to shake hands with the “murderers of my relatives” — meaning the Bolsheviks in Moscow, who had executed the king’s cousin, Czar Nicholas, and his family. Britain’s first Labour government lasted only nine months and accomplished little, though that might have been a good thing. They didn’t do anything crazy, giving no substance to fears that they were Communists in disguise or that they would nationalize industry and impose socialism. (That had to wait until after the next war to happen.) MacDonald did establish diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, but he also managed to cultivate a close relationship with the king, which would serve him well in later years. Nonetheless, a


Abraham Maslow's original 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory comprises how many stages?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | Simply Psychology Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs by Saul McLeod published 2007, updated 2016 < Maslow's (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five tier model of  human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that people possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires . Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs, and that some needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behaviour. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on. This five stage model can be divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The first four levels are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs) and the top level is known as growth or being needs (B-needs). The deficiency needs are said to motivate people when they are unmet. Also, the need to fulfil such needs will become stronger the longer the duration they are denied. For example, the longer a person goes without food the more hungry they will become. One must satisfy lower level deficit needs before progressing on to meet higher level growth needs. When a deficit need has been satisfied it will go away. Our activities become habitually directed towards meeting the next set of needs that we have yet to satisfy. These then become our salient needs. However, growth needs continue to be felt and may even become stronger once they have been engaged. Once these growth needs have been reasonably satisfied, one may be able to reach the highest level called self-actualization. Every person is capable and has the desire to move up the hierarchy toward a level of self-actualization. Unfortunately, progress is often disrupted by failure to meet lower level needs. Life experiences, including divorce and loss of job may cause an individual to fluctuate between levels of the hierarchy. Therefore, not everyone will move through the hierarchy in a uni-directional manner but may move back and forth between the different types of needs. Maslow noted only one in a hundred people become fully self-actualized because our society rewards motivation primarily based on esteem, love and other social needs. The original hierarchy of needs five-stage model includes: 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear. 3. Love and belongingness needs - friendship, intimacy, trust and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work). 4. Esteem needs - achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, respect from others. 5. Self-Actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow posited that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy: 'It is quite true that man lives by bread alone — when there is no bread. But what happens to man’s desires when there is plenty of bread and when his belly is chronically filled? At once other (and “higher”) needs emerge and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism. And when these in turn are satisfied, again new (and still “higher”) needs emerge and so on. This is what we mean by saying that the basic human needs are organized into a hierarchy of relative prepotency' (Maslow, 1943, p. 375). The expanded hierarchy of needs: It is important to note that Maslow's (1943, 1954) five stage model has been expanded to include cognitive and aesthetic needs (Maslow, 1970a) and later transcendence needs (Maslow, 1970b). Changes to the original five-stage model are highlighted and include a seven-stage model and a eight-stage model, both developed during the 1960's and 1970s. 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth,


Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory is commonly represented as a?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Learning Theories Learning Theories • Humanist Theories , Motivation Theories • 0 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (often represented as a pyramid with five levels of needs) is a motivational theory in psychology that argues that while people aim to meet basic needs, they seek to meet successively higher needs in the form of a pyramid. Contents Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970) Key Concepts Abraham H. Maslow felt as though conditioning theories did not adequately capture the complexity of human behavior. In a 1943 paper called A Theory of Human Motivation, Maslow presented the idea that human actions are directed toward goal attainment[1]. Any given behavior could satisfy several functions at the same time; for instance, going to a bar could satisfy one’s needs for self-esteem and for social interaction. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has often been represented in a hierarchical pyramid with five levels. The four levels (lower-order needs) are considered physiological needs, while the top level of the pyramid is considered growth needs. The lower level needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs can influence behavior. The levels are as follows (see pyramid in Figure 1 below). Self-actualization – includes morality, creativity, problem solving, etc. Esteem – includes confidence, self-esteem, achievement, respect, etc. Belongingness – includes love, friendship, intimacy, family, etc. Safety – includes security of environment, employment, resources, health, property, etc. Physiological – includes air, food, water, sex, sleep, other factors towards homeostasis, etc. Figure 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid. Deprivation Needs The first four levels are considered deficiency or deprivation needs (“D-needs”) in that their lack of satisfaction causes a deficiency that motivates people to meet these needs. Physiological needs, the lowest level on the hierarchy, include necessities such as air, food, and water. These tend to be satisfied for most people, but they become predominant when unmet. During emergencies, safety needs such as health and security rise to the forefront. Once these two levels are met, belongingness needs, such as obtaining love and intimate relationships or close friendships, become important. The next level, esteem needs, include the need for recognition from others, confidence, achievement, and self-esteem. Growth Needs The highest level is self-actualization, or the self-fulfillment. Behavior in this case is not driven or motivated by deficiencies but rather one’s desire for personal growth and the need to become all the things that a person is capable of becoming[2][3]. Criticisms While a useful guide for generally understanding why students behave the way that they do and in determining how learning may be affected by physiological or safety deficiencies, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has its share of criticisms. Some critics have noted vagueness in what is considered a “deficiency”; what is a deficiency for one is not necessarily a deficiency for another. Secondly, there seem to be various exceptions that frequently occur. For example, some people often risk their own safety to rescue others from danger. Additional Resources and References Resources


Which one of these is not a main heading 'need' within the Maslow 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory?

2. Need Theories - PSYCH 484: Work Attitudes and Job Motivation - Confluence PSYCH 484: Work Attitudes and Job Motivation Go to start of metadata Needs Theories Overview Needs-based motivation theories stem from the understanding that all motivation comes from an individual's desire to fulfill or achieve a need.  This also states that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and typically certain lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. In general terms, motivation can be defined as the desire to achieve a goal, combined with the energy, determination and opportunity to achieve it. In specific terms to Industrial/Organizational Psychologists, motivation is defined as "Those psychological processes involved with the arousal, direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed" (Mitchell, 1997 as referenced in PSU WC, 2014, L. 1 P. 3). This Wiki explores Abraham H. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, Clayton P. Alderfer's Existence Related Growth (ERG) Theory, and David McClelland's Need Theory, building off of work by Henry A. Murray.  An introduction of the BNT, or basic needs theory, a mini-theory of self determination theory (SDT; Deci and Ryan 1985, 2000), is also included.  Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908, the first of seven born to his poorly educated Jewish immigrant parents (Hoffman, 2008).  Encouraged by his parents to seek academic success, he began studying law at the City College of New York.  After transferring briefly to Cornell, Maslow returned to New York before marrying and moving to the University of Wisconsin.  While attending UW he began his work in psychology, studying the behaviors of rhesus monkeys with Harry Harlow. His influence at this time was Alfred Alder, and Maslow followed similar veins in his work (Hoffman, 2008).  Though the objective was to study attachment and dominance behaviors, Maslow noticed the monkeys’ behavior was driven by different sets of needs.  This was the underlining basis for the beginning of his interest in personal need and motivation (Boeree, 2006).  It should be said that this early research has been thrown into doubt with more recent primate research in regard to the nature of dominance in monkeys and apes (Cullen, 1997).  After earning his Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Ph.D. in psychology, Maslow returned to New York where he began teaching at Brooklyn College.  Additionally, he served as the chair of the psychology department at Brandeis University from 1951 to 1969, during which time he became involved with Kurt Goldstein and his theory of self-actualization, which ultimately led to the development of Maslow’s own Hierarchy of Needs theory (Boeree, 1998, 2006).  Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs    In 1943, Abraham Maslow developed one of the earliest theories of human motivation, commonly referred to as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.  In his classic article "A Theory of Human Motivation.”  Maslow utilized the term "prepotent" to express the theory that “in the human being who is missing everything in life in an extreme fashion, it is most likely that the major motivation would be the physiological needs rather than any others" (Maslow, 1943, p. 5).  Whittington and Evans (2005), referring to that same article, stated that Maslow presented a "prepotent hierarchy in which at least five sets of needs compose the framework" (p.114).  The five sets of needs were divided into two categories: basic needs and higher-order needs. The most basic human needs, represented by food, water, shelter, and safety, are considered essential for human existence. Higher-order needs are those associated with social activities, esteem building, and self-actualization or constant self-improvement.  Elaborating further on this theory, Whittington and Evans (2005) stated that "each of these needs operates at all times, although one deficient set dominates the individual at any one time and circumstance" (p.114).  The motivation experienced by humans to fulfill these needs is either derived from internal or external fa


Abraham Maslow's seminal book introducing the 'Hierearchy of Needs' is called?

Psychology History � Bibliography Abraham Harold Maslow was born on April 1, 1908, in Brooklyn, New York. The first of seven children, he was the son of Samuel and Rose (Schilofsky) Maslow. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Russia who were quite destitute and rather uneducated. Maslow was the sole Jewish boy in his neighborhood; therefore, he was unhappy and lonesome throughout the majority of his childhood. Because of this, he solicited refuge and comfort in books. "I was a little Jewish boy in the non-Jewish neighborhood. It was a little like being the first Negro enrolled in an all-white school. I was isolated and unhappy. I grew up in libraries and among books, without friends" (Hall, 1968, p. 37). Furthermore, Maslow had various problems within his own home. He and his father were constantly at odds. His father, Samuel, continually degraded him and pushed him to excel in areas that were of no interest to him. According to Maslow's own recollections, his father loved whiskey, women, and fighting, and regarded his son as ugly and stupid. He even publicly announced that his son was repulsively ugly. His father's cutting comments negatively impacted his self-image. Because he too thought of himself as disgusting, Maslow would often look for empty cars when riding the subway so that no one else would have to come in contact with his detestable image. His mother, Rose, did not treat Maslow much different. In fact, she may have treated him even worse than his father. Maslow deeply loathed his mother and wanted no interaction with her whatsoever. His intense hatred originated from the fact that she kept a bolted lock on the refrigerator door. She only removed the lock when she was in the mood. On another occasion, Maslow found two abandoned kittens on the street. He decided to take them home and care for them. One evening, his mother discovered him giving the hungry kittens some milk in the families' basement. She immediately became enraged and smashed the kitten's heads against the basement wall right before the youngster's eyes. Maslow perceived his mother as being entirely insensitive and unloving. She exhibited no sign of affection or love for anyone she encountered, even her own family. Maslow never desired any sort of reconciliation with his mother. His intense hatred continued to grow and he even refused to attend her funeral. However, he eventually reconciled differences with his father and even spoke of him in a positive manner on some occasions. Maslow managed to become quite close with his uncle throughout his lifetime since his parents virtually alienated him. At the impressionable age of 17, Maslow enrolled at the City College of New York (CCNY). In an effort to appease his father, he registered for evening classes at the Brooklyn Law School in 1926. Within two weeks Maslow discovered that law was not for him and he departed the school. In 1927, he transferred to Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Maslow became discouraged and, for the time being, lost his love for psychology when he took an introductory psychology course from Edward B. Titchner. Titchner's theory of "scientific introspection" was dull and temporarily discouraged Maslow. At the end of the semester at Cornell, Maslow returned to New York and re-enrolled at the City College once again. Next, he transferred to the University of Wisconsin in 1928. There he acquired his BA in 1930, his MA in 1931, and his PhD in 1934. On December 31, 1928, Abraham Maslow married Bertha Goodman, his longtime sweetheart and first cousin. He was 20 years old while Bertha was 19 at the time. The couple had two daughters, Ann and Ellen. While Maslow stated that his marriage to Bertha was the true beginning of his life, they remained happily married until his death. While studying at the University of Wisconsin, Maslow became the first doctoral student of Harry Harlow, a distinguished experimental psychologist of the time. Maslow's discourse involved dominance among a colony of monkeys. After he received his PhD in 1934,


Which one of these does not appear in Maslow's 'Esteem' category of needs?

Abraham Maslow ABRAHAM MASLOW Maslow (en français: Silvia Moraru) Biography Abraham Harold Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New    York.  He was the first of seven children born to his parents, who    themselves    were uneducated Jewish immigrants from Russia.  His parents,    hoping    for the best for their children in the new world, pushed him hard    for    academic    success.  Not surprisingly, he became very lonely as a boy,    and    found    his refuge in books. To satisfy his parents, he first studied law at the City College    of    New York (CCNY).  After three semesters, he transferred to    Cornell,    and then back to CCNY.  He married Bertha Goodman, his first    cousin,    against his parents wishes.  Abe and Bertha went on to have    two    daughters. He and Bertha moved to Wisconsin so that he could attend the    University    of Wisconsin.  Here, he became interested in psychology, and    his    school    work began to improve dramatically. He spent time there working with Harry Harlow, who is famous for his experiments    with    baby rhesus monkeys and attachment behavior. He received his BA in 1930, his MA in 1931, and his PhD in 1934,    all    in psychology, all from the University of Wisconsin.  A year    after    graduation, he returned to New York to work with E. L. Thorndike    at    Columbia,    where Maslow became interested in research on human sexuality. He began teaching full time at Brooklyn College.  During    this    period    of his life, he came into contact with the many European    intellectuals    that were immigrating to the US, and Brooklyn in particular, at    that    time    -- people like Adler, Fromm, Horney, as well as several Gestalt    and    Freudian    psychologists. Maslow served as the chair of the psychology department at    Brandeis from 1951 to 1969.  While there he met Kurt    Goldstein,    who had originated the idea of self-actualization in his famous    book, The     Organism (1934).  It was also here that he began his crusade for a humanistic    psychology    -- something ultimately much more important to him than his own    theorizing. He spend his final years in semi-retirement in California, until,    on    June 8 1970, he died of a heart attack after years of ill health. Theory One of the many interesting things Maslow noticed while he worked    with    monkeys early in his career, was that some needs take precedence    over    others.  For example, if you are hungry and thirsty, you will tend to try    to    take    care of the thirst first.  After all, you can do without food    for    weeks, but you can only do without water for a couple of    days!  Thirst    is a “stronger” need than hunger.  Likewise, if you are very    very    thirsty, but someone has put a choke hold on you and you can’t    breath,    which is more important?  The need to breathe, of    course.  On    the other hand, sex is less powerful than any of these.  Let’s    face    it, you won’t die if you don’t get it! Maslow took this idea and created his now famous hierarchy of     needs.    Beyond the details of air, water, food, and sex, he laid out five    broader    layers:  the physiological needs, the needs for safety and    security,    the needs for love and belonging, the needs for esteem, and the    need to    actualize the self, in that order. 1.  The physiological needs.  These include the    needs    we have for oxygen, water, protein, salt, sugar, calcium, and    other    minerals    and vitamins.  They also include the need to maintain a pH    balance    (getting too acidic or base will kill you) and temperature (98.6    or    near    to it).  Also, there’s the needs to be active, to rest, to    sleep,    to get rid of wastes (CO2,  sweat, urine, and feces), to    avoid    pain,


Which one of these does not appear in Maslow's 'Biological & Physiological' category of needs?


Which one of these does not appear in Maslow's 'Belongingness and Love' category of needs?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Need Levels THE AESTHETIC NEEDS FURTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BASIC NEEDS Maslow include a topic heading between the basic needs and the higher needs, which broke the sequence.  He also neglected to include the word 'needs' in the level 6 topic heading.  We can infer that whoever first abstracted the need hierarchy did not read on after seeing this intervening topic heading and failed to see the word 'need' in the next topic heading. It's reasonable to infer that that first abstraction was quoted, and copied, as were its children, for many generations, spreading the incomplete word throughout the management hierarchy and society in general. It is an unfortunate practice that many tend to accept and copy material without bothering to check the original source.  A search for "Maslow's need levels" returns over 6,000 hits; "Maslow's need hierarchy" over 12,000 hits. A brief sampling of the first ones to pop up shows that the majority are incomplete or simply wrong.  Examples of sites that stop at 5 levels: 1 In infants we can also see a much more direct reaction to bodily illnesses of various kinds. Sometimes these illnesses seem to be immediately and per se threatening, and seem to make the child feel unsafe. For instance, vomiting, colic, or other sharp pains seem to make the child look at the whole world in a different way. At such a moment of pain, it may be postulated that, for the child, the whole world suddenly changes from sunniness to darkness, so to speak, and become a place in which anything at all might happen, in which previously stable things have suddenly become unstable. Thus a child who because of some bad food is taken ill may for a day or two develop fear, nightmares, and a need for protection and reassurance never seen in him before his illness. The recent work on the psychological effects of surgery on children demonstrates this richly (270). Another indication of the child's need for safety is his preference for some kind of undisrupted routine or rhythm. He seems to want a predictable, lawful, orderly world. For instance, injustice, unfairness, or inconsistency in the parents seems to make a child feel anxious and unsafe. This attitude may be not so much because of the injustice per se or any particular pains involved, but rather because this treatment threatens to make the world look unreliable, or unsafe, or unpredictable. Young children seem to thrive better under a system that has at least a skeletal outline of rigidity, in which there is a schedule of a kind, some sort of routine, something that can be counted upon, not only for the present but also far into the future. Child psychologists, teachers, and psychotherapists have found that permissiveness within limits, rather than unrestricted permissiveness is preferred as well as needed by children. Perhaps one could express this more accurately by saying that the child needs an organized and structured world rather than an unorganized or unstructured one. The central role of the parents and the normal family setup are indisputable. Quarreling, physical assault, separation, divorce, or death within the family may be particularly terrifying. Also parental outbursts of rage or threats of punishment directed to the child, calling him names, speaking to him harshly, handling him roughly, or actual physical punishment sometimes elicit such total panic and terror that we must assume more is involved than the physical pain alone. While it is true that in some children this terror may represent also a fear of loss of parental love, it can also occur in completely rejected children, who seem to ding to the hating parents more for sheer safety and protection than because of hope of love. Confronting the average child with new, unfamiliar, strange, unmanageable stimuli or situations will too frequently elicit the danger or terror reaction, as for example, getting lost or even being separated from the parents for a short time, being confronted with new faces, new situations, or new tasks, the sight of strange, unfamiliar, or u


The highest-order need added/interpreted/implied within Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs' is?

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and diagrams of Maslow's       motivational theory - pyramid diagrams of Maslow's theory New Free Leadership eLearning Businessballs has partnered with Accipio — an Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM) and Chartered Management Institute (CMI) centre — to offer FREE audio-visual interactive eLearning modules aligned with internationally recognised qualifications (ILM or CMI). Attain learning points for each leadership and management eModule, and gain a Level 3 Award, Certificate or Diploma once you have registered with the awarding body (via Accipio), secured enough learning points and passed the assignments. Accreditation fees apply. Click here to access the eLeadership Academy. maslow's hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs motivational model Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s               USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding               human motivation, management training, and personal development. Indeed,               Maslow's ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs, concerning the responsibility               of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables               employees to fulfil their own unique potential (self-actualization), are today               more relevant than ever. Abraham Maslow's book Motivation and Personality,               published in 1954 (second edition 1970) introduced the Hierarchy of Needs, and               Maslow extended his ideas in other work, notably his later book Toward A               Psychology Of Being, a significant and relevant commentary, which has been               revised in recent times by Richard Lowry, who is in his own right a leading               academic in the field of motivational psychology. Abraham Maslow was born in New York in 1908 and died in 1970,               although various publications appear in Maslow's name in later years. Maslow's               PhD in psychology in 1934 at the University of Wisconsin formed the basis of               his motivational research, initially studying rhesus monkeys. Maslow later               moved to New York's Brooklyn College. The Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs five-stage model below (structure               and terminology - not the precise pyramid diagram itself) is clearly and               directly attributable to Maslow; later versions of the theory with added               motivational stages are not so clearly attributable to Maslow. These extended               models have instead been inferred by others from Maslow's work. Specifically               Maslow refers to the needs Cognitive, Aesthetic and Transcendence (subsequently               shown as distinct needs levels in some interpretations of his theory) as               additional aspects of motivation, but not as distinct levels in the Hierarchy               of Needs.   Where Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is shown with more than five levels these models have been extended through interpretation of Maslow's work               by other people. These augmented models and diagrams are shown as the adapted               seven and eight-stage Hierarchy of Needs pyramid diagrams and models below. There have been very many interpretations of Maslow's Hierarchy of               Needs in the form of pyramid diagrams. The diagrams on this page are my own               interpretations and are not offered as Maslow's original work. Interestingly in               Maslow's book Motivation and Personality, which first introduced the Hierarchy               of Needs, there is not a pyramid to be seen


The Latin prefix 'dino' (as in dinosaur) means?

Dinosaur Names Activity - Grades K–4 | American Museum of Natural History Dinosaur Names Activity Activity for Grade K-4 Introduction Dinosaur names are often made up of combinations of Greek and Latin root words that describe characteristics or how the animal might have behaved. Other dinosaur names describe where the fossil remains were discovered or the name of the paleontologist who made the discovery. In 1841, Richard Owen, the first director of London’s Natural History Museum, gave the name dinosaurs to these giant prehistoric reptiles. The word dinosaur is from the Greek deinos (terrible) and sauros (lizard). Some dinosaur names are short; others are tongue twisters. Objective In this activity, students will be introduced to dinosaur names and their meanings. Materials List of Greek and Latin root words and their meanings written on the chalkboard or on chart paper Pictures of various dinosaurs  Procedure Tell students that dinosaurs were named using the Latin and Greek language. Explain that these languages are used by scientists to name both animals and plants. Dinosaur names can describe what the dinosaur looked like, how it might have acted, or where it was found. Have students look for the meaning of the Greek and Latin words used in the word “dinosaur” to discover the word’s meaning. Write the following on the chalkboard: dinosaur = dino + saur. Call on a volunteer to look on the chart to find the words dino and saur. Write terrible lizard on the chalkboard and explain that this was the name first given to dinosaurs Write the following dinosaur names on the chalkboard. Have students use the chart to decipher the names. Tyrannosaurus rex = tyranno + saurus +rex Stegosaurus = stego + saurus Triceratops = tri + cerat + ops Apatosaurus = apato + saurus Have students suggest other dinosaur names that they would like to learn the meanings of. Write the names on the chalkboard. Use the chart provided as a reference.  Download the PDF:  Dinosaur Names Activity More About This Resource... In this classroom activity, created to complement the Museum's Dinosaurs: Ancient Fossils, New Discoveries exhibit, young students explore the meaning behind dinosaurs' names. The activity opens with background information for teachers about the Greek and Latin root words that are used in dinosaur names. After discussing what they know about dinosaurs, students learn that dinosaur names can describe what the dinosaur looked like, how it might have acted, or where it was found. Working as a class, students use a chart of root words and their meanings to decipher the names of four well-known dinosaurs. Completion Time


Approximately how much Francium (the rarest metal on the planet) exists on Earth?

Citypages May 2016 online by CityPages Kuwait - issuu issuu 77 MAY 2016 UNDERTAKE By Weiguo Hu The Grand Prize Winning Photo Of: issuu.com/citypageskuwait Scan this QR code with your smart phone /tablet and enjoy reading CityPages. To read it on your computer, simply visit the web link above. Kuwait Grand Photography Contest pinterest.com/citypagesmag Scan this QR code with your smart phone /tablet and enjoy reading and sharing slective pages from this issue of CityPages. To read it on your computer, simply visit the web link above. LIFESTYLE / PEOPLE / EVENTS / FASHION أحدث تقنية إلعادة إحياء الشعر  بالكافيارBTX بالبالزما و :تجدونه لدى الصالونات التالية Art Style Al Anadel Brush Betty Boop Carmens Beauty Cheya Coiffured Dar Dalal Farah Chic Gloss GF’S Station Glamour Hair Boutique Hair Affair HUE Spa and Beauty Jacques Dessange Jody Spa Las Palms Lashes Mariam Sabhan MH Salon&spa Miss one Marshmallows Nail Spa Nail Station Pavaty Glamour Lounge Rolas Royal Elite Sai Seven Haven Style De Coif The White Lounge Yours Nail Spa Jleeb Al Shuyoukh Bneid Al Gar Abdullah Al Salem / Nuzha Sabah Al Salem / Jabria Salmiya Jabria Hawally Chaeb Al Bahri Hawally Jabriya Al Mangaf Al Shaab Jabriya Al Shaab Sharq Al Shaab Al Mangaf Salwa / Subah Al Naser Subah Al Salem / Al Yarmouk Salmiya Salmiya/ Golds Gym Qurtuba / Abou Hlefa Salmiya Midan Hawally Al Shaab Salmiya Jabriya Khaldiya / Sura /Yarmouk Al Shaab Salmiya Bneid Al Gar Fintas 24311020 22550513 22532006 25356040 99762273 22091900 22250057 22626874 22621696 25359051 23727678 22626277 25310041 22640505 22477717 22641111 65689322 25636981 25329008 25740001 22274721/0 25333201 25770433 25630770 22022112 25770410 25310663 25320441 99870400 25754542 97945501 23901888 ISSUE 77, VOLUME 6, MAY 2016 58. ENTERTAINMENT 81. Top Music Charts 84. May Movie Releases FASHION 96. CityPages Fashion Report 98. Fashion News FEATURES 90. 20. The Arrogance Of The Gods 22. How To Avoid That New Kitchen Sinking Feeling 25. عطني وعدطفلي 30. In Praise Of The Keepers Of Secrets 32. Jump-Tastic! 36. Spread A Little Happiness 38. A Travel Revolution 41. أنا أكره مديري 42. Baggage, Babies And Body Odours 44. Fit For A Queen 46. Musk 82. The Artist 82. 92. ISSUE 77, VOLUME 6, MAY 2016 25. FITNESS 48. Pregnancy And Nutrition 54. Overcoming Stress!! FOOD 50. A Taste Of Vienna 53. Yummy For Their Little Tummy HEALTH 34. Use Antibiotics Wisely 56. Help! I Have Something In My Eye! INTERVIEW 17. M.I.A. 26. Medya Bulduk 58. Madonna Ghanem 92. Chiara Ferragni SPECIAL FEATURE 66. Kuwait Grand Photography Contest 2016 TECHNOLOGY 88. Cool New Gadgets 90. Tech Updates & News TRAVEL 44. 62. Top Five ‘Musts’ For 64. The City Guide REGULARS 80. In Permanent Pursuit Of Perfection 86. May Book Releases 87. Book Club 102. Events 106. From The Press 111. Adopt A Street Princess 114. Homework For Grown Ups 116. Horoscopes 26. MAGAZINE From the Editor Dear Readers, Our cover this month features the overall winner of this year’s Kuwait Grand Photography Contest. The photograph was entered by Weiguo Hu in the ‘Hero’ category and is a worthy winner indeed. You can read all about the competition and enjoy the other winning pictures in this special issue of CityPages. I’m sure you’ll join me in congratulating all of this year’s finalists. To be selected from over 20,000 entries is quite an achievement and a reflection of the quality of all 38 prize-winning pictures. Dhari Al-Muhareb Editor-in-Chief Jameel Arif Kuwait certainly provides plenty of inspiration when it comes to capturing beautiful images. How many of us will take advantage of that inspiration and progress from simple smartphone snapshots to more professional images? The breath-taking photographs in this month’s CityPages are enough to send us marching to the nearest store and investing in the latest photographic equipment. And who knows, maybe your photograph will be featured next year? Imagine being short-listed in what is becoming one of the most prestigious photography contents in the world! General Manager & Editor Eng. Homoud Al-Muhareb Publishing Dire


Argan oil, chiefly from Morocco, used in cooking and cosmetics, is extracted from a?

Citypages May 2016 online by CityPages Kuwait (page 114) - issuu issuu HOMEWORK FOR GROWN UPS EVERYTHING YOU LEARNED AT SCHOOL... BUT CAN YOU REMEMBER? General Knowledge Quiz Test Your Vocabulary 1. The Latin prefix 'dino' (as in dinosaur) means: Giant; Terrible; Noisy; or Old? The opposite of leader is: 3. Argan oil, chiefly from Morocco, used in cooking and cosmetics, is extracted from a: Seaweed; Cactus; Tree nut; or Camel? 4. Mocha is coffee with added: Alcohol; Chocolate; Cream; or Tea? 5. According to The Bible's Book of Genesis in which God created Heaven and Earth in six days, on the first day God created: Man and Woman; Fire and Air; Darkness and Light; or The Devil and the Deep Blue Sea? 6. A 'cricket box' is a: Painted batting zone; Safe area for spectators; Chest for stumps, balls, bats, etc; or Batsman's groin protector? 1. mourner 2. agent 3. avatar 4. follower A leader is the head guy or gal, the one running the show. The leader of the band calls the shots and sets the tempo for the music. A conductor is the leader of an orchestra; all musicians look to him or her to know when to begin and end playing their instruments. A president is the leader of a country whose decisions make a difference to the whole population. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a leader of the Civil Rights Movement. A leader comes first in line â€” in a parade or a social system â€” and gets a lot of attention, but ultimately, a leader needs followers. 2. Approximately how much Francium (the rarest metal on the planet) exists on Earth: 1000 tonnes; 10 tonnes; 50 kilos; or less than an ounce? people and moves them to action. 7. Paraguay, Bolivia, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Nepal, and Lesotho have no: Coastlines; Armies; Cathedrals; or McDonald's? A leader is the one in the charge, the person who convinces other people to follow. A great leader inspires confidence in other 9. The area of a circle with a radius of 56.5cms is approximately how many square metres: 1; 3; 5; or 10? 10. Italian clothier Emilio Ceccato redesigned/provided the traditional striped shirts in 2016 for: Venice's gondoliers; Vatican guards; Inter Milan soccer club; or Segregated Mafia prison inmates? 11. Endemic means: Contagious; Geographically native/unique; Historically significant; or Final/fatal? ANSWER: 4. In this question, leader is a noun that means a person who rules or guides or inspires others. 8. What Greek word meaning 'upon/additionally' prefixes these words to create different words and a rock'n'roll brand: Centre/Center, Cure, Dermis, Gram, Tome, and Phone? MATH PROBLEMS When you have three, you have three. When you have two, you have two. But when you have one, you have none. 12. Persian, Venetian, Roman, and Vertical are types of: Doorways; Staircases; Window blinds; or Pure cat breeds? 13. What African nation is known in parts of Asia by the local names of two of its famous cities Marrakech and Fes? 14. Macau, Monaco and Singapore have the world's most (What?): Dense populations; Rainfall; Prisoners; or Sherry drinkers? ANSWER: Choices. 15. What drink from the Camellia sinensis plant has green, black and white varieties: Sarsaparilla; Coffee; Tequila; or Tea? 16. The dermis and cutis are parts of the human: Heart; Brain; Skin; or Bones? JUMBLED WORDS 17. The largest theme park in Europe, subject to approval 2016, is planned by Paramount in: Dartford; Helsinki; Reykjavik; or Calais? 18. The standard spoken English accent of the UK, abbreviated to 'RP', traditionally used by BBC newsreaders, the Royal Family and 'upper class' is fully called '(What?) Pronunciation': Revised; Revived; Received; or Rhubarb? B A I N C 19. Volvic, Evian, Perrier and San Pellegrino are famous brands of: Knitwear; Bottled water; Cosmetics; or Golf equipment? R O M M E Y 20. The Arabic word 'al' (AL) roughly translates in English to mean: Go; The; Me; or You? T E R A T O FEBRUARY, MAY, 2016 2016 DECEMBER, 2016 S L U R P A ANSWERS: GUPPY, CABIN, MEMORY, ROTATE, PULSAR ANSWERS:1.Terrible (saurus = lizard), 2.Less than an ounce (it has


What is Mocha? | What is? Home » Food » What is Mocha? What is Mocha? What is Mocha? Most people know mocha as some chocolate-like flavor or some distinct coffee blend. What people aren’t aware about is that the mocha flavor in their coffees is not actually the real “mocha”. Little do people know that there is actually a variety of coffee bean called “mocha”. These mocha coffee beans are part of the Coffea arabica family which are said to be originally found and cultivated in Yemen and Ethiopia. When these actual mocha coffee beans are used, then one could say he/she is drinking’cafe mocha”. Mocha coffee beans are considered the oldest cultivated coffee in the world. Its production and shipment to other parts of the world was recorded as early as the 17th century. But to most people, “cafe mocha” or the “mocha” flavor in coffee refers to the added chocolate in traditional coffee. In fact, the original mocha-flavored coffee is just a variant of the cafe latte which contains espresso and milk. And if chocolate is added, then cafe latte becomes cafe mocha. For mocha flavorings in coffee, either dark or milk chocolate may be used. Some prefer to use cocoa powders while others use chocolate syrup to easily mix with the coffee blend. When white chocolate is used, cafe mocha now becomes “white cafe mocha”. But aside from coffee preparations, mocha flavorings are also used in making other food items particularly cakes and ice creams. In these food items, mocha flavorings usually refer to the mixture of coffee, milk, and chocolate. And since mocha flavorings already contain milk and chocolate, much of it is used in various chocolate-based pastries and desserts. Common flavor variants include a mix of pure chocolate and mocha with other ingredients such as vanilla and cream. Along with vanilla and pure chocolate, mocha flavors is also famous in various ice cream brands and many cake preparations. If you like this article or our site. Please spread the word. Share it with your friends/family.