Prolactinoma (Pituitary Tumor) Symptoms, Treatment, Causes - Where is the pituitary gland located? - MedicineNet Medical Author: Robert Ferry Jr., MD Robert Ferry Jr., MD Robert Ferry Jr., MD, is a U.S. board-certified Pediatric Endocrinologist. After taking his baccalaureate degree from Yale College, receiving his doctoral degree and residency training in pediatrics at University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), he completed fellowship training in pediatric endocrinology at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Medical Editor: Ruchi Mathur, MD, FRCP(C) Ruchi Mathur, MD, FRCP(C) Ruchi Mathur, MD, FRCP(C) is an Attending Physician with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Associate Director of Clinical Research, Recruitment and Phenotyping with the Center for Androgen Related Disorders, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Where is the pituitary gland located? Is osteoporosis a risk in women with high prolactin levels? Where is the pituitary gland located? The pituitary gland is located in the middle of the head in a bony box that looks like a saddle and is called the sella turcica. Since the pituitary is in such a tight space, any abnormal growth can result in signs and symptoms secondary to compression of the gland. The nerves for the eyes pass directly above the pituitary gland. Picture of the Pituitary Gland What problems are caused by a pituitary tumor? Share Your Story Pituitary tumors may impair or cause an increase in the production of one or more pituitary hormones. The lesion itself can damage surrounding normal tissue and thereby reduce the function of the pituitary gland (a condition called hypopituitarism). Enlargement of the pituitary gland can also cause local symptoms, such as headaches (because of increased pressure if the fluid system bathing the brain is blocked or stimulated), or visual disturbances (because of the proximity of the pituitary gland to the optic nerves). How common is a prolactinoma? Prolactinoma is one of the common type of pituitary tumors. Routine autopsy (postmortem) studies have shown that about a quarter of the U.S. population have small pituitary tumors. About 40% of these pituitary tumors produce prolactin, but most are not considered clinically significant because they cause no symptoms or problems. Clinically significant pituitary tumors affect the health of approximately 14 out of 100,000 people (or 1 in about 7,000 people). Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 9/7/2016


Pirates operating off the coast of which country took over $100 million in ransom payments between 2007 and 2009?

Pirates 1999 Pirates Somali piracy has been reduced to almost negligible levels. According to IMB figures, there were 237 piracy related events in 2011, the ï¿½glory daysï¿½ for the pirates. In 2012 this dropped to 75. As of 14 October 2013, there were only 10 incidents, only two of which were hijackings. In January 15, 2014 piracy off the coast of Somalia dramatically dropped in the last two years, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) International Maritime Bureau (IMB) reported. Overall, the IMB said worldwide piracy has reached its lowest level in six years with 264 incidents worldwide in 2013. That marks a 40 percent drop from 2011 since Somali piracy reached its zenith. "The single biggest reason for the drop in worldwide piracy is the decrease in Somali piracy off the coast of East Africa," said Pottengal Mukundan, Director of IMB in a statement, whose Piracy Reporting Centre (PRC) has monitored world piracy since 1991. According to the IMB, there were only 15 incidents off Somalia in 2013, compared to 75 in 2012 and 237 in 2011. It was the lowest number of attacks since 2006, the IMB said. If the figures are examined more closely, the pattern for the downward trend in pirate activity, both in terms of frequency and capability, begins as early as mid-2012. In May 2012, the MT Smyrni was successfully hijacked in the Indian Ocean. It was finally released after a ransom was paid in March 2013. This was the last ship of commercial size and value successfully hijacked by Somali based pirates. Although three more vessels have been hijacked since then, these were much smaller fishing boats including the latest one in June 2013. Piracy and armed robbery at sea has fallen to its lowest levels since 1995, despite a surge in kidnappings off West Africa, according to a 25 July 2016 report from the International Chamber of Commerce's International Maritime Bureau (IMB). IMB's global piracy report shows 98 incidents in the first half of 2016, compared with 134 for the same period in 2015. When piracy was at its highest, in 2010 and 2003, IMB recorded 445 attacks a year. In the first half of 2016, IMB recorded 72 vessels boarded, five hijackings, and a further 12 attempted attacks. Nine ships were fired upon. Sixty-four crew were taken hostage onboard, down from 250 in the same period last year. "This drop in world piracy is encouraging news. Two main factors are recent improvements around Indonesia, and the continued deterrence of Somali pirates off East Africa," said Pottengal Mukundan, Director of IMB, whose global Piracy Reporting Centre has supported the shipping industry, authorities and navies for 25 years. "But ships need to stay vigilant, maintain security and report all attacks, as the threat of piracy remains, particularly off Somalia and in the Gulf of Guinea," he said. Private security companies offering armed protection teams has evolved from a niche market to a multibillion dollar norm in the region. Floating armouries and training bases in certain countries have allowed these companies to circumvent local regulations on prohibiting arms within territorial waters. Although liability and the inherently non-transparent nature of the sector often bring it into question, it is nonetheless a fact that no ship with armed security teams on board has ever been hijacked. The number of pirate attacks worldwide fell in the first half of 2013. However, maritime officials warned that the waters off West Africa were growing more dangerous. International Maritime Bureau Director Pottengal Mukundan highlighted the findings of the latest piracy report. ï¿½We have had 138 incidents compared to 177 incidents for the same period in 2012. This is largely because of the reduction in the attacks off the Horn of Africa, which accounted previously for around 50 percent of the worldwide attacks,ï¿½ he said. The reduction is due to a number of reasons, including the international effort thatï¿½s been underway off the Horn of Africa. Thatï¿½s dealt a major blow to Somali pirates. Somali-based pirates were organized based on clan struc


P B S Pinchback was the first non-white and first person of African American descent to become governor of a US state, serving for 35 days from 9 December 1872, to 13 January 1873. Which state was this?

P. B. S. Pinchback - Site Details - P. B. S. Pinchback Tweet Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback (May 10, 1837  – December 21, 1921) was the first non-white and first person of African American descent to become governor of a U.S. state. A Republican, he served as the 24th Governor of Louisiana for 35 days, from December 9, 1872, to January 13, 1873.   Date Added:November 09, 2011 06:11:45 PM Hits:0


The annual rock festival at Roskilde is held in which country?

Roskilde Festival - CDs and Vinyl at Discogs Roskilde Festival Roskilde Festival Profile: Annual rock festival held since 1971 near the town of Roskilde, Denmark, approx 40 kilometers west of Copenhagen. Usually held in the beginning of July, running for 5 days, it showcases approx. 200 acts on several stages. It is said to be the biggest music festival in Northern Europe and one of the six biggest annual music festivals in Europe. At it's peak the festival had 90.000 visitors, but following the 2000 disaster when 9 people suffocated due to crowding during a Pearl Jam concert, the festival has limited the access to 75.000 guests due to security concern. Sites:


What is the name of the 12 levels of proficiency in judo and karate?

The Judo Rank System – Belts – Judo Info About Us The Judo Rank System – Belts Achievement in Judo is recognized by a series of ranks. The student ranks are called kyu and are usually differentiated by colored belts (obi). Different colors may be used around the world and in some countries there are more than 6 kyu ranks. The ten black belt, or expert, ranks are called dan. The traditional Judo ranks are: English Japanese 6th grade rokyu 5th grade gokyu 4th grade yonkyu 3rd grade sankyu 2nd grade nikyu 1st grade ikkyu 1st degree shodan 2nd degree nidan 3rd degree sandan 4th degree yodan 5th degree godan 6th degree rokudan 7th degree shichidan 8th degree hachidan 9th degree kudan 10th degree judan In the days before Kano created Judo, there was no kyu/dan ranking system in the martial arts. A more traditional method of recognizing achievement was the presentation of certificates or scrolls, often with the secrets of the school inscribed. Kano started the modern rank system when he awarded shodan to two of his senior students (Shiro Saigo and Tsunejiro Tomita) in 1883. Even then, there was no external differentiation between yudansha (black belt ranks) and mudansha (those who hadn't yet attained black belt ranking). Kano apparently began the custom of having his yudansha wear black obi (belts) in 1886. These obi weren't the belts karateka and judoka wear today — Kano hadn't invented the judogi (Judo uniform) yet, and his students were still practicing in kimono. They were the wide obi still worn with formal kimono. In 1907, Kano introduced the modern judogi and its modern obi, but he still only used white and black belt ranks. The white uniform represented the values of purity, avoidance of ego, and simplicity. It gave no outward indication of social class so that all students began as equals. The black belt with the white gi represents the polarity of opposites, or In and Yo. The student begins empty, but fills up with knowledge. Professor Kano was an educator and used a hierarchy in setting learning objectives for Judo students, just as students typically pass from one grade to another in the public school system. The Judo rank system represents a progression of learning with a syllabus and a corresponding grade indicating an individual's level of proficiency. Earning a black belt is like graduating from high school or college. It indicates you have achieved a basic level of proficiency, learned the fundamental skills and can perform them in a functional manner, and you are now ready to pursue Judo on a more serious and advanced level as a professional or a person seeking an advanced degree would. Of course, the rankings also represent progress towards the ultimate objective of judo which is to improve the self not just physically, but morally as well. Around 1930 the Kodokan created a new belt to recognize the special achievements of high ranking black belts. Jigoro Kano chose to recognize sixth, seventh, and eighth degree black belts with a special obi made of alternating red and white panels (kohaku obi). The white color was chosen for purity, and red for the intense desire to train and the sacrifices made. The colors red and white are an enduring symbol of Japan, and they have been used in Judo since Jigoro Kano started the first Red and White Tournament in 1884. The kohaku obi is often worn for special occasions, but it is not required to be worn at any time and the black belt remains the standard for all the yudansha ranks. In 1943 the Kodokan created the optional red belt to recognize 9th and 10th degree yudansha. Theoretically the Judo rank system is not limited to 10 degrees of black belt. The original english language copy (1955) of Illustrated Kodokan Judo, by Jigoro Kano, says: "There is no limit…on the grade one can receive. Therefore if one does reach a stage above 10th dan… there is no reason why he should not be promoted to 11th dan." However, since there has never been any promotion to a rank above 10th dan, the Kodokan Judo promotion system effectively has only 10 dans. There have only been 15 10th dans


Which religion is based on the teachings of Siddartha Gautama?

Buddhism Basic Beliefs and Teachings Here is a basic introduction to Buddhism. What Is Buddhism? Buddhism is a religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who lived about 25 centuries ago in what is now Nepal and northern India. He came to be called "the Buddha," which means "awakened one," after he experienced a profound realization of the nature of life, death and existence. In English, the Buddha was said to be enlightened, although in Sanskrit it is bodhi, "awakened." In the remaining years of his life, the Buddha traveled and taught. However, he didn't teach people what he had realized when he became enlightened. Instead, he taught people how to realize enlightenment for themselves. He taught that awakening comes through one's own direct experience, not through beliefs and dogmas. In the centuries following the Buddha's life, Buddhism spread throughout Asia to become one of the dominant religions of the continent. Estimates of the number of Buddhists in the world today vary widely, in part because many Asians observe more than one religion, and in part because it is hard to know how many people are practicing Buddhism in Communist nations like China. The most common estimate is 350 million, which makes Buddhism the fourth largest of the world's religions. Read More: What's a Buddha? How Is Buddhism Distinctive From Other Religions? Buddhism is so different from other religions that some people question whether it is a religion at all. For example, the central focus of most religions is God, or gods. But Buddhism is non-theistic. The Buddha taught that believing in gods was not useful for those seeking to realize enlightenment. The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga) By themselves, the Truths don't seem like much, I realize. But beneath the Truths are countless layers of teachings on the nature of existence, the self, life, and death, not to mention suffering. The point is not to just "believe in" the teachings, but to explore them, understand them, and test them against one's own experience. It is the process of exploring, understanding, testing and realizing that is Buddhism. Read More: The Four Noble Truths Diverse Schools of Buddhism About 2,000 years ago Buddhism divided into two major schools, called Theravada and Mahayana. For centuries, Theravada has been the dominant form of Buddhism in Sri Lanka , Thailand, Cambodia, Burma (Myanmar) and Laos. Mahayana is dominant in China, Japan, Taiwan, Tibet, Nepal, Mongolia, Korea, and Vietnam . In recent years, Mahayana also has gained many followers in India. Mahayana is further divided into many sub-schools, such as Pure Land and Zen . Read More: Mahayana Buddhism Vajrayana Buddhism , which is chiefly associated with Tibetan Buddhism, is sometimes described as a third major school. However, all schools of Vajrayana are also part of Mahayana.  The two schools differ primarily in their understanding of a doctrine called "anatman" or "anatta." According to this doctrine, there is no "self" in the sense of a permanent, integral, autonomous being within an individual existence. Anatman is a difficult teaching to understand, but understanding it is essential to making sense of Buddhism. Very basically, Theravada considers anatman to mean that an individual's ego or personality is a delusion. Once freed of this delusion, the individual may enjoy the bliss of Nirvana . Mahayana pushes anatman further. In Mahayana, all phenomena are void of intrinsic identity and take identity only in relation to other phenomena. There is neither reality not not-reality; only relativity. The Mahayana teaching is called sunyata, "emptiness." Read More: What Is the Self? Wisdom, Compassion, Ethics It is said that wisdom and compassion are the two eyes of Buddhism. "Wisdom," particularly in Mahayana Buddhism , refers to realization of anatman or shunyata. There are two words translated as "compassion" -- metta and karuna. Metta (Pali) is a benevolence toward all beings, without discrimination, that is free of selfish attachment. Karuna refers to active sympathy and g


"The statue called ""Manneken Pis"", of a small boy relieving himself, is in which city?"

The legends of the peeing kid | Brussels The legends of the peeing kid Written by Rédaction BrusselsLife.be (Read more) Created on                    23/12/2011                    - Last updated on                    01/03/2016 Internationally famous, the most popular little Brusseleer is part and parcel of Belgian history and patrimony. However, trying to get information about the statuette's origins is really difficult! Manneken-Pis' story is and will always be a real mystery... The legends After a lot of research, we were able to come up with some legends, which may be the basis of Manneken-Pis' story. Oh, FYI, his name means little peeing man in Dutch. Quite Harry Potter-ish is the first legend. It tells the story of an old witch who lived in Rue de l'Etuve and who convicted a little boy of a sad punishment. He had relieved himself on her front door, so she decided to transform him into a stone statue. Fortunately, a good old man appeared with a statue similar to the little boy. When the witch was ready to put a curse on the little boy, the old man swapped the boy for the statue. The second one is also about an illegal wee-wee... "Little Julien" was knee-high to a grasshopper when he went pee pee against the door of a saint hermit. The old man heard the weird noise and came out of his house. Then he saw the little boy, transformed him into a statue, and condemned him to keep doing the act... forever... However, the end of the legend, which was too scary for the kids, was changed. The father ordered a statue, similar to his son, and the day it was presented, the little boy came back to life. The third one tells an epic story, when Brussels was besieged and had been resisting attacks for several days. Besiegers set up fire to burn the city before they left. Fortunately, a little boy who was walking down rue de l'Etuve saw the burning wick. He didn't know where to find water, so he started to pee to put it out. The Bourgeois heard about it and erected a statue honoring his epic act. The fourth one is mischievous and goes back to the Crusades. The count from Hove lived in Brussels with his wife and son Godefroid. The count steadily hosted his glorious combatants. Once, he asked his 5 year old son, a resourceful kid, to walk in front of the troops for welcoming the combatants. But the resourceful child spent his time watering the procession. Then a statue was erected by the count and countess to make up for the insult inflected upon the combatants. The fifth tells the story of a Bourgeois child who lost himself in the crowd. His father searched frantically for him in the Brussels streets... After five days, he saw his son relieving himself at the corner of rue de l'Etuve and rue du Chêne streets. The Bourgeois was so happy and decided to erect a statue to immortalize the moment. The sixth goes back to the 8th century. A lord's wife gave birth to a baby who peed so high that he spattered the beard of Vindicien, an Arras bishop. The kid was named Manneken-Pis. Soon after, Vindicien passed away. There was a problem: where to organize the baptism and who would officiate it? A woman called Gudule would bless this baby. But the lord, seduced by the woman, left his house and went to Gudule's. She welcomed him, ignorant of his bad intentions. Gudule was shocked and, to punish him, she declared: "Your son is going to stop growing and will never be able to stop peeing." The last and most plausible legend  The most plausible one is based on historical facts. In 1142, Godefroid III, duke from Lotharingie, was born. Unfortunately, his father, Godefroid II, passed away soon after his birth. Two vassals, Gauthier Berthout and his brother Gérard de Grimbergen, took advantage of the situation to fight over their new born liege lord. The Gaasbeek sire asked for the presence of the young duke on the battlefield. Then the crib was hung from a oak tree's branch, in Ransbeek. The baby's army was four times driven back, at this point they seemed to have lost the fight... But they were


What sign of the zodiac is represented by twins?

Gemini - The Twins - Astrology - The White Goddess The third sign, Gemini, is usually represented by the image of two youths or men. In the Roman zodiac, they were identified with the twins sons of Leda; Castor and Pollux. Gemini - The Twins - Astrology - The White Goddess Home ï¿½ Divination ï¿½ Astrology ï¿½ Gemini - The Twins Gemini - The Twins Gemini - The Twins - 21 May - 20 June A Masculine, Mutable Air Sign. The third sign, Gemini, is usually represented by the image of two youths or men. In the Roman zodiac, they were identified with the twins sons of Leda; Castor who was mortal and Pollux who was immortal. During the mediaeval ages, Gemini is more frequently depicted, as a couple of the opposite sexes. The floor of the San Minato al Monte in Florence, Italy, from the 13th century, reflects the change in the symbolism and the changes in the relationships between men and women. During the 15th and 16th centuries Gemini is often depicted in the form of lovers, often engaged in sexual activities. In the esoteric tradition Gemini represents communication and expression. Gemini


Which British TV soap opera ran from 2 November 1964 to 4 April 1988 with minor changes of name, was revived on 5 March 2001, went into hiatus from August 2002 to January 2003, with the final episode broadcast on 30 May 2003?

Long Runners | All The Tropes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia All The Tropes Wiki "The world may end in 2012, but this show won't." —Bart Simpson (on blackboard), The Simpsons , "Once Upon a Time in Springfield" Shows which have somehow passed the test of time. There is a clue in here for what people want to watch and listen to. Some of these shows began with bad ratings or went through creative slumps, but got here thanks to Network to the Rescue (and avoiding Screwed by the Network ). Some of these shows are even Older Than Television . Edit Felix the Cat is the longest lasting cartoon character in history, making his debut in 1919 (and if we count an even earlier prototype short, it may even be 1917) having appeared in over 150 theatrical cartoons, decades worth of comics, hundreds of TV cartoons, two movies, and the two TV revivals The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat and Baby Felix, and he is still appearing in merchandise to this day. And he even has a new cartoon series on the way for 2013. In fact, one of the very first TV broadcasts featured Felix way back in 1928. Meow! The Grand Ole Opry: Airing weekly on Nashville radio station WSM-AM since 1925, with an edited version of the program being carried on national radio and television outlets since the 1940s. Radioavisen: Daily news broadcast on Danmarks Radio (DR) starting August 1, 1926. At first with two daily programs, gradually with more. Now there is a Radioavis every hour. Aired nationwide since 1927. Hamburger Hafenkonzert (Hamburg harbor concert): Broadcast weekly on NDR in Germany since June 1929 — even through WWII. Music and the Spoken Word: Weekly broadcast of music by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir (and a short sermon), which started in 1929. Pause Signal Danmarks Radio (DR). This little tune first aired on August 28, 1931 and has since been used to fill up short spaces between programs. The tune is a melody from the 1300s, the oldest known Danish folk melody. Irregular scheduling, yet frequently heard for decades. Nowadays used as regular broadcast only on one channel (P5), the tune has become waiting music on DR's telephone system, and since early 2009 the signal that calls the audience to the second half of concerts in the broadcaster's new concert hall. Hockey Night in Canada began airing on radio in November 1931 and moved to television in November 1952 (the first year of regular television broadcasts in Canada), and is the world's longest-running sports show. The Metropolitan Opera airs a radio broadcast season each year. Although going since Christmas of 1931 (and broadcast in January 1910 over experimental radio broadcasts), unlike The Guiding Light it only airs episodes during a season and is not continuous. At least 70 years Edit Guiding Light : 72 years, 7 months, 26 days (57 of those on television), from January 25, 1937 to September 19, 2009. It was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest continuously-running program on any medium, in any genre, until the CBS World News Roundup broke its record in November of 2010. It would take a listener over eighteen months, 24 hours a day, to listen to it from beginning to end (although the large number of Missing Episodes from the first 40 years would make such an archive binge impossible). It may be the largest single work of fiction in human history. CBS World News Roundup made its first broadcast on March 13, 1938 as a special report on the Anschluss; still runs every day at 8:00 AM EST. It surpassed Guiding Light's record on November 8, 2010, and is now listed as the longest continuously-running program in any medium. The National Research Council Time Signal, heard at 1:00 PM EST every day since November 5, 1939 on the CBC radio network. Desert Island Discs has been airing on BBC Radio since 29 January 1942, making it the longest-running program in the history of British broadcasting. It still uses the original theme tune, Eric Coates' "By the Sleepy Lagoon" (with overdubbed seagull noises), and has only had four regular presenters (Roy Plomley, Michael Parkinson, Sue Lawley, Kirs


The numbers 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888 and 999 are all multiples of what number?

444, The Triplets, & The Creation 444, The Triplets, & The Creation By Joseph E. Mason Image credits: Lucy Pringle & Steve Alexander Introduction This article is about two 1999 crop circle formations, illustrated above, that revealed an underlying design behind the triplet numbers, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, and 999. The theories presented in this article are not dependent on who or what created the crop formations in question. In any case, it is likely that the creative source of the ideas presented resides in the collective unconscious. Forms of art in general probably come from the same source -- dreams, visions, inspirations, and the like. This article makes a case supporting the theory that scientific ideas are helped along by an unknown control system. It may be that we are seeing a similar phenomenon in the form of crop circles. People around the world have been reporting frequent coincidences of seeing triplet numbers over and over again. Most often, the triplet numbers 111 through 555 are "sighted" on digital clocks of various kinds, but the triplets also appear in other ways, such as, on time cards, odometer readings, license plates, money transactions and dreams. Many report seeing the numbers on their clocks on awakening from dreams. After a time, many people become convinced that such coincidental experiences are beyond mere accidental, meaningless coincidence. A significant proportion of those experiencing number coincidences report that the phenomenon seems to occur at times of life-altering changes. The changes may be traumatic or happy. There may be disturbing stress followed by a positive conclusion. The most common "coincidental" number  reported is 11:11 . The next most common are the "triplets." The numbers 23 and 12:12 are also reported. Dee and I have been recording the reports of number coincidences for many years. We attempt to find the meanings of the various numbers through research, including our dream research. The two 1999 crop circle formations indicated that the triplet numbers have a relationship to the ancient Gematrian number system. One of the formations had 288 small circles, the other had 156 small circles. The total of the two amounted to 444 circles. The triplet numbers, such as 444, appear in other systems of Gematria . In the ancient system, the number 288 had the "Alpha" or "Word" meaning, "Double Light." Teachers of the Kabbalah tell of the 288 sparks of holiness that fell into the mundane reality following the shattering of the vessels of the world of Chaos, and the rectification ( Tikkun ) and elevation of the 288 Divine sparks . The vessels are the spheres of the Tree of Life . The rectification represents a repair of the Tree, which will bring an ideal world. Some say there is a Spark of the Divine within every human being. This article will explain a remarkable chain of coincidences between the numbers and geometry of the related crop circle formations, and the scientific writings of philosopher,  D.G. Leahy , author of, Foundation: Matter the Body Itself . There is a relation to the fine-structure constant , which is of major importance in subatomic physics. Coincidental connections to Leahy's work include -- 1. The number 288 and its square, 82944 , 3. The DNA finding within the New Jerusalem design 4. Leahy's dream with the key number 2808 The fine-structure constant is said to be the "coupling constant" or measure of the strength of the electromagnetic force that governs how electrically charged elementary particles (e.g., electron, muon) and light (photons) interact. Some say it represents the probability that an electron will emit or absorb a photon. In 2005, several other crop circle formations matched closely with the geometry of the two aforementioned 1999 formations. The so-called "quintuplet set" type crop circle formations, which resemble the "five" on dice, are related to the geometry of the 1999 formations. The quintuplet set formations are one of the most common types, and have been appearing since the late 1980s. The formation that appeared at


Traditionally, the leader of a symphony orchestra plays what?

ORCHESTRA   Here we are presenting general information about an orchestra. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string, brass, woodwind sections, and possibly a percussion section as well. The term orchestra derives from the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage reserved for the Greek chorus. The orchestra grew by accretion throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but changed very little in composition during the course of the twentieth century. A full size orchestra (about 50-100 players) may sometimes be called a "symphony orchestra" or "philharmonic orchestra"; these prefixes do not necessarily indicate any strict difference in either the instrumental constitution or role of the orchestra, but can be useful to distinguish different ensembles based in the same city (for instance, the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Philharmonic Orchestra). The actual number of musicians employed in a particular performance may vary according to the work being played and the size of the venue. The typical symphony orchestra consists of four proportionate groups of similar musical instruments, generally appearing in the musical score in the following order: Woodwinds: piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon Brass: 2 to 8 horns, 2 to 5 trumpets, 2 trombones, 1 bass trombone and 0 to 2 tubas Percussion: timpani, snare drum, tenor drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, wood block, tambourine, marimba, vibraphone, xylophone, glockenspiel, gong (tam-tam), tubular bells, etc. Strings: 16 to 30 violins, 8 to 12 violas, 8 to 12 violoncellos, and 5 to 8 double basses. The so-called "standard complement" of double winds and brass in the orchestra is generally attributed to the first half of the 19th century. Apart from the core orchestral complement, various other instruments are called for occasionally. These include the saxophone, heckelphone, flugelhorn, cornet, harpsichord, harpa and organ. Saxophones, for example, appear in a limited range of 19th and 20th century scores. While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works, for example Ravel's orchestration of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, the saxophone is included in other works, such as Ravel's Bolero and Walton's Belshazzar's Feast, as a member of the orchestral ensemble. Among the instrument groups and within each group of instruments, there is a generally accepted hierarchy. Every instrumental group (or section) has a principal who is generally responsible for leading the group and playing orchestral solos. The violins are divided into two groups, first violin and second violin, each with its principal. The principal first violin is called the concertmaster (or "leader" in the UK) and is considered the leader of not only the string section, but of the entire orchestra, subordinate only to the conductor. The principal trombone is considered the leader of the low brass section, while the principal trumpet is generally considered the leader of the entire brass section. Similarly, the principal oboe is considered the leader of the woodwind section, and is the player to whom all others tune. The horn, while technically a brass instrument, often acts in the role of both woodwind and brass. Most sections also have an assistant principal (or co-principal or associate principal), or in the case of the first violins, an assistant concertmaster, who often plays a tutti part in addition to replacing the principal in his or her absence. A section string player plays unison with the rest of the section, except in the case of divided (divisi) parts, where upper and lower parts in the music are often assigned to "outside" (nearer the audience) and "inside" seated players. Where a solo part is called for in a string section, for example in the violins, the section leader invariably plays that part. Tutti wind and brass players generally play a unique but non-solo part. Section percussionists play parts assigned to them by the princip


"When Winston Churchill said ""Now this is not the end, nor is it even the beginning of the end, but it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning"", which event was he talking about?"

Winston Churchill - Wikiquote Winston Churchill Jump to: navigation , search Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour.' Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill KG OM CH TD FRS PC (Can) ( November 30 , 1874 – January 24 , 1965 ) was a British politician and statesman, best known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He was Prime Minister of the UK from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. Contents Early career years (1898–1929)[ edit ] To improve is to change, so to be perfect is to have changed often. Every influence, every motive, that provokes the spirit of murder among men, impels these mountaineers to deeds of treachery and violence. The strong aboriginal propensity to kill, inherent in all human beings, has in these valleys been preserved in unexampled strength and vigour. That religion, which above all others was founded and propagated by the sword — the tenets and principles of which are instinct with incentives to slaughter and which in three continents has produced fighting breeds of men — stimulates a wild and merciless fanaticism. The love of plunder, always a characteristic of hill tribes, is fostered by the spectacle of opulence and luxury which, to their eyes, the cities and plains of the south display. A code of honour not less punctilious than that of old Spain, is supported by vendettas as implacable as those of Corsica. Description of the tribal areas of what is now Pakistan , commonly referred to as Waziristan Downloadable etext version(s) of this book can be found online at Project Gutenberg It is, thank heaven, difficult if not impossible for the modern European to fully appreciate the force which fanaticism exercises among an ignorant, warlike and Oriental population. Several generations have elapsed since the nations of the West have drawn the sword in religious controversy, and the evil memories of the gloomy past have soon faded in the strong, clear light of Rationalism and human sympathy. Indeed it is evident that Christianity, however degraded and distorted by cruelty and intolerance, must always exert a modifying influence on men's passions, and protect them from the more violent forms of fanatical fever, as we are protected from smallpox by vaccination. But the Mahommedan religion increases, instead of lessening, the fury of intolerance. It was originally propagated by the sword, and ever since, its votaries have been subject, above the people of all other creeds, to this form of madness. In a moment the fruits of patient toil, the prospects of material prosperity, the fear of death itself, are flung aside. The more emotional Pathans are powerless to resist. All rational considerations are forgotten. Seizing their weapons, they become Ghazis—as dangerous and as sensible as mad dogs: fit only to be treated as such. While the more generous spirits among the tribesmen become convulsed in an ecstasy of religious bloodthirstiness, poorer and more material souls derive additional impulses from the influence of others, the hopes of plunder and the joy of fighting. Thus whole nations are roused to arms. Thus the Turks repel their enemies, the Arabs of the Soudan break the British squares, and the rising on the Indian frontier spreads far and wide. In each case civilisation is confronted with militant Mahommedanism. The forces of progress clash with those of reaction. The religion of blood and war is face to face with that of peace. Luckily the religion of peace is usually the better armed. The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War (1898), Chapter III. I pass with relief from the tossing sea of Cause and Theory to the firm ground of Result and Fact. The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War (1898), Chapter III. It is better to be making the news than taking it; to be an actor rather than a critic. The Story of the Malakand Fie


Rosehill racecourse is in which Australian city?

Rosehill Gardens - Australian Turf Club Rosehill Gardens Home » Rosehill Gardens The home of racing in Sydney’s west, world-class racing, top-tier entertainment and an effortlessly cool social scene converge on the manicured grounds of Rosehill Gardens. Just 22km west of the CBD, and close to Sydney Olympic Park, it’s a not-so-well-kept-secret that this is one of the premier racecourses in the country. Home to the world’s richest race for two-year-olds, the $3.5million Longines Golden Slipper, this quietly confident industry icon hosts a highly regarded racing calendar that attracts the racing’s finest. Immaculate gardens surround a specialist track with sweeping turns that is one of Australia’s most picturesque. Big business, the fashion forward, racing enthusiasts and revellers sunning and socialising can be seen taking advantage of the many entertainment options that are a benchmark for the region. Upcoming Events Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 28 January 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 28 January 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 18 February 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 18 February 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Wednesday, 22 February 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Wednesday, 22 February 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 6 May 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 6 May 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 20 May 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 20 May 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 3 June 2017 Rosehill Gardens Rosehill Gardens Race Day - Saturday, 3 June 2017 Rosehill Gardens


What disease reached epidemic proportions in Haiti late in 2010?

Cholera Epidemic in Haiti, 2010: Using a Transmission Model to Explain Spatial Spread of Disease and Identify Optimal Control Interventions | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians Article, Author, and Disclosure Information Author, Article, and Disclosure Information Acknowledgment: The authors thank Dr. Nathaniel Hupert and his colleagues at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Preparedness Modeling Unit for guidance and useful discussions related to the 2010–2011 cholera epidemic in Haiti. Grant Support: Ms. Tuite and Dr. Fisman are supported by a grant from the Institute of Population and Public Health of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PH2-#22228). Dr. Eisenberg is supported by the National Science Foundation (agreement 0635561). Dr. Earn receives support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the James S. McDonnell Foundation. Potential Conflicts of Interest: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M11-0096 . Reproducible Research Statement:Study protocol: Not applicable. Statistical code: Available from Ms. Tuite (e-mail, ashleigh.tuite@utoronto.ca ) or Dr. Fisman (e-mail, david.fisman@utoronto.ca ). Data set: Publically available from HealthMap ( http://healthmap.org/en/ ), the MSPP of the Republic of Haiti (2) , and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (15) . Requests for Single Reprints: David N. Fisman, MD, MPH, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, 155 College Street, Room 678, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada; e-mail, david.fisman@utoronto.ca . Current Author Addresses: Ms. Tuite and Dr. Fisman: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada. Dr. Tien: Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. Dr. Eisenberg: Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Jennings Hall, 3rd Floor, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Dr. Earn: Department of Mathematics and Statistics and the M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada. Dr. Ma: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Social Sciences and Mathematics Building A425, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada. Author Contributions: Conception and design: A.R. Tuite, J. Tien, M. Eisenberg, D.J.D. Earn, D.N. Fisman. Analysis and interpretation of the data: A.R. Tuite, J. Tien, M. Eisenberg, D.J.D. Earn, J. Ma, D.N. Fisman. Drafting of the article: A.R. Tuite, D.N. Fisman. Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: J. Tien, M. Eisenberg, D.J.D. Earn, D.N. Fisman. Final approval of the article: D.J.D. Earn, D.N. Fisman. Statistical expertise: D.N. Fisman. Administrative, technical, or logistic support: J. Ma. Collection and assembly of data: A.R. Tuite, J. Tien, M. Eisenberg, D.N. Fisman. From Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. ×


In 1932 the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd unified with the principal regions of Al-Hasa and Qatif to form which country?

History of Islam/Modern period/Saudi Arabia - Wikibooks, open books for an open world History of Islam/Modern period/Saudi Arabia From Wikibooks, open books for an open world Saudi Arabia[ edit ] In 1902 at the age of only 22, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud conquered Riyadh, the Al-Saud dynasty's ancestral capital, from the rival Al-Rashid family. Continuing his conquests, Abdul Aziz subdued Al-Hasa, Al-Qatif, the rest of Nejd, and Hejaz between 1913 and 1926. On 8 January 1926 Abdul Aziz bin Saud became the King of Hejaz. On 29 January 1927 he took the title King of Nejd (his previous Nejdi title was Sultan). By the Treaty of Jedda, signed on 20 May 1927, the United Kingdom recognized the independence of Abdul Aziz's realm, then known as the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz. In 1932, the principal regions of Al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and Hejaz were unified to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Abdul Aziz's military and political successes were not mirrored economically until vast reserves of oil were discovered in March 1938. Development programmes, which were delayed due to the onset of the Second World War in 1939, began in earnest in 1946 and by 1949 production was in full swing. Oil has provided Saudi Arabia with economic prosperity and a great deal of leverage in the international community. Prior to his death in 1953 Abdul Aziz, aware of the difficulties facing other regional absolute rulers reliant on extended family networks, attempted to regulate the succession. Saud succeeded to the throne on his father's death in 1953. However, by the early 1960s the Kingdom was in jeopardy due to Saud's economic mismanagement and failure to deal effectively with a regional challenge from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. As a consequence Saud was deposed in favour of Faisal in 1964. Intra-family rivalry was one of the factors that led to the assassination of Faisal by his nephew, Prince Faisal bin Musa'id, in 1975. He was succeeded by King Khalid until 1982 and then by King Fahd. When Fahd died in 2005, his half-brother Abdullah ascended to the throne.


How many letters are there in the Turkish alphabet?

alphabet The Turkish Alphabet The Turkish alphabet is composed of 29 letters (see table below).  It has all the letters in the English alphabet, except "q", "w", and "x".  In addition, it has the characters "ï¿½", "ï¿½", "ï¿½", "ï¿½", "ï¿½", and "ï¿½". While "ï¿½", "ï¿½", and "ï¿½" are within the standard Western character set (ISO-8859-1), the characters "ï¿½", "ï¿½", and "ï¿½" are not.  Consequently, if you don't have any Turkish fonts installed on your system, and if you don't enable the Turkish character set (ISO-8859-9) in your browser, most probably you will not be viewing "ï¿½", "ï¿½", and "ï¿½" properly.  The character "ï¿½" should look like a "g" with a breve (curvy bar) on top (see character #9 below), "ï¿½" should look like an "i" without a dot (char #11), and "ï¿½" should look like an "s" with a cedilla (char #23).  Also note that, in Turkish, the upper case "i" is dotted, and the "I" is reserved for the capital of "dotless-i" (compare characters 11 & 12). Please check the image below for both the lower and upper case letters in the Turkish alphabet.  Please note that the table below is an image, i.e., you will be able to view its contents correctly even if you don't have any Turkish fonts.  If your view of the special characters within the text above is identical to those in the table below, then your browser/system is setup for viewing Turkish.     If you would like to test whether you can display a Turkish MS-Word document properly on your PC, click here .


Which TV series contained the characters Sybil, Polly, Basil and Manuel?

Manuel | Fawlty Towers Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia "You'll have to forgive him. He's from Barcelona." ―Basil Fawlty Manuel is a fictional character from the BBC sitcom Fawlty Towers . Played by Andrew Sachs, he is an iconic character in British comedy history. He reappeared for a small sketch with John Cleese in We Are Most Amused in November 2008. Manuel is a well-meaning but disorganised and constantly confused waiter from Barcelona, Spain with a limited grasp of the English language (including mispronouncing 'Pigeon' and 'Cholesterol', not knowing what 'S L E E P' spells and misunderstanding what is being said) and customs and frequently needs orders simplified or repeated in Spanish by Polly, however Manuel often gets confused when Basil speaks Spanish, Basil states that this is because he learnt classical Spanish and "not that strange dialect he (Manuel) seems to have picked up" however Basil's grasp of Spanish doesn't appear to be as good as he claims it is. He is constantly verbally and physically assaulted by his boss, including being hit with a saucepan and insulted. He is afraid of Mr. Fawlty's quick temper and violent assaults, yet often expresses his appreciation for being given the position. In multiple episodes he shown to be capable of playing the guitar and singing to some extent and in the last episode it is shown he owned a rat (whom he thought was a Siberian Hamster) named Basil after his boss for over a year. Manuel has a mother, five brothers and four sisters. When told by either Basil , Sybil or Polly what to do, he frequently answers "sí" ('yes'), and "¿qué?" ('what?') which once led to a particularly dotty guest (Mrs Richards) believing Basil's name to be "C. K. Watt". Actor Andrew Sachs, a German by birth, dubbed Manuel's lines for the German dub however had some trouble with speaking German with a Spanish accent. At another point whilst doing a stunt that involved John Cleeses's character, Basil, hitting Sachs' with a saucepan, Sachs made an unexpected move despite having practiced the scene for five days previously and Sachs got genuinely hit with the saucepan and had a headache for two days afterwards. During the filming of another episode where his character was supposed to be set on fire the special effects department put acid on the jacket Sachs was wearing and the fire on the sleeves burnt through and burnt Sachs' arms, he still has the scars.


"What animal takes part in Olympic ""dressage"" events?"

Equestrian Events Charm Horse Lovers At Olympics : NPR Equestrian Events Charm Horse Lovers At Olympics Embed Embed Equestrian Events Charm Horse Lovers At Olympics Equestrian Events Charm Horse Lovers At Olympics Embed Embed Equestrian sports are getting more attention than usual at this year's Olympic Games. NPR health policy correspondent Julie Rovner, a horse owner, rider and competitor, talks about what to watch for in the Olympic horse sports. NEAL CONAN, HOST: Equestrian sports are getting more attention than usual at this year's Olympic Games. The queen's granddaughter, Zara Phillips, brought royalty to the stands for her Olympic debut. Prince Harry, Prince William and Kate Middleton watched Phillips help Britain's equestrian team win a silver medal in the jumping competition. Ann Romney, the wife of the Republican presidential candidate, is also at the games to watch her horse, Rafalca, compete in dressage, an event also known as horse ballet. We want to hear from the horse people in our audience. What are you watching at this year's Olympics? Give us a call, 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr.org. You can also join the conversation on our website. That's at npr.org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. Julie Rovner is NPR's health policy correspondent. She's also a horse owner, rider and competitor, and she joins us here in Studio 3A. And, Julie, good to talk horses with you. Good to talk sports for once or again, anyway. (LAUGHTER) JULIE ROVNER, BYLINE: Yes. Sorry not to be at the Olympics but at least glad to be here to talk about it. CONAN: And I was lucky enough to live in London during an Olympics Games, so I've seen an awful lot of television coverage of equestrian events. They take it pretty seriously over there. ROVNER: They take it very seriously over there. It is - when I was first starting eventing and actually Zara Phillips won her - helped the British win the silver medal in eventing, they have not started the... CONAN: In the jumping event. ROVNER: ...in the jumping. The jumping is the last of the three. There are three equestrian - separate equestrian sports that happen in the Olympics, and the first to go is always the three-day event, which combined jumping and dressage, and then there'll be an actual dressage event - dressage-only event and then there will be show jumping only. So now the three-day event has just ended, and the Brits indeed won the silver medal. CONAN: Oh, well, congratulations to them. There will be some excitement there. But the three-day event - so dressage, jumping and there's a cross-country race as well. ROVNER: That's right. The three days are: the first day is dressage, the second day is cross-country and then the third day is the stadium jumping. Basically, a test to see if after the rigors of the cross-country, the horse basically still has enough gas in the tank to jump - show-jumping course. CONAN: And it is important to emphasize - well, men and women compete in this event against each other. But the athletes - the riders are athletes too, but the horses are the athletes. ROVNER: Oh, the riders are the athletes also. I was listening to talk radio actually Saturday on my way to my dressage lesson, and some guy was talking on sports radio and said, you know, there's this sport in the Olympics where the horses memorize this pattern and the rider just sits there. And I thought, oh boy, the rider does not just sit there. (LAUGHTER) ROVNER: It's a lot of work. CONAN: In dressage, though, you're not allowed to speak, correct? ROVNER: That's correct. You're penalized if you speak to the horse during a dressage test. You use every other muscle of your body, however. And literally every other muscle of your body. CONAN: So how do you communicate? These are very intricate moves, how do you communicate? ROVNER: They're extremely intricate moves. You use literally - you use an enormous amount of core strength. I also take Pilates. A lot of riders take Pilates. You have a lot of muscles of your core. You use - you need to be able to relax certain muscles and use other muscles. You need t


Wobbegong Shark | Sharkopedia The Wobbegong Waits ... Then Ambushes Sharkopedia : Wobbegong Shark | Did You Know? The Wobbegong Is King of the Ambush True to its nickname of carpet shark, the wobbegong spends most of its time on the ocean floor. This nocturnal hunter will often lie still, waiting for prey to swim too close, attracted to the tentacles around the shark’s mouth that act as lures. Sometimes the wobbegong will also slowly wave its tail, mimicking a fish, which attracts other fish. Once its target -- which includes crabs, lobsters, and octopi as well as bony fish such as sea bass -- gets close, the wobbegong will strike, clamping down with its wide, powerful jaws, in some cases even using suction to pull its dinner in. Other times divers have observed the wobbegong slowly sneaking up on its prey from a distance. Either way, once something is in a wobbegong’s mouth, it’s game over. Because of its large jaws, a wobbegong can swallow prey almost as big as itself. But if the prey is too large to swallow, the shark will hold it in its teeth until it dies, and then eat it in chunks. Sharkopedia : Wobbegong Shark | Wobbegong Shark: The Ambush King 1 Wobbegong Sharks By the Numbers 2 How to Spot A Wobbegong 3 The Wobbegong Waits ... Then Ambushes 4 The Wobbegong Is The King of the Ambush 5 The 12 Wobbegong Species Live in Warm, Tropical Waters 6 Meet 3 Species of Wobbegong 7 3 Quirky Facts About the Wobbegong 9 Does The Wobbegong Make A Good Pet? 10 How Dangerous Is The Wobbegong To Humans? 11


Scott Robinson, Ritchie Neville, J Brown, Abs Breen and Sean Conlon were the founder members of which boy band?

0623091218_M_five_450.jpg | Images | Fox News Fox News On Air 5ive (Scott Robinson, Ritchie Neville, Jason 'J' Brown, Richard 'Abs' Breen and Sean Conlon) was the male version of the Spice Girls, even assembled by the same team. While they never achieved quite the same level of fame as their female counterparts, they enjoyed fair success worldwide, especially in the UK. Four of the five original members briefly reformed the group in 2006, but 7 months after announcing their comeback, the band broke up. Since then, Scott has dabbled in radio and television, Ritchie starred in a British reality show, Jason appeared on "I'm a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here!," Richard has appeared on several reality shows,and Sean, who did not take part in the comeback, is still trying to launch a solo career. Advertisement


"The term ""rope-a-dope"" is from what sport?"

Rope A Dope | A Boxing Term at Sports Pundit Rope A Dope Rope A Dope A move where a boxer lies back on the ropes and blocks the opponent’s punches to make them tired and weak enough to defeat them. Categories:


"The phrase ""Mountain Standard Time"" refers to what mountains?"

A Glossary of American Mountain Men Terms, Words & Expressions A Glossary of American Mountain Men Terms, Words & Expressions Compiled by Walt Hayward & Brad McDade © 1997 The American Mountain Men A AIRLINE The shortest and straightest line between two points. This term was in use long before the invention of aircraft. APAREJO A large, padded packsaddle designed to handle awkward, heavy loads. Very likely the first type of packsaddle, Unlike the sawbuck, panniers cannot be handled with this saddle. APISHEMORE A saddle pad, often made of hair. APPALOS An early camp food made by skewering alternate pieces of lean meat and fat on a sharpened stick and roasting over a low fire. When it was possible to get them, pieces of potato or vegetable, were intermixed with the fat and the meat. This method of cooking was much used by many tribes of Indians, as well as the Mountain Men. ARKANSAS TOOTHPICK A large, pointed dagger used mostly by river men. AS THE CROW FLIES See "Airline" AUX ALIMENTS DU PAYS French for "nourishment of the land'. All the free trappers and many engages were required to live "aux aliments du pays", surviving by using the provisions of nature. AVANT COURIER A French word meaning "scout". This word was used by both voyageurs and mountain men. AWERDENTY BARK ON, HE HAS THE Said of a courageous person. BARK TO To skin an animal. To scalp a man. a squirrel by shooting the tree bark from under him. BIG FIFTY The .50 caliber Sharps rifle used by the buffalo hunter. BEAM A fallen tree used for fleshing hides. This was also called a graining beam or a fleshing beam. BEAR PEN A type of trap in which the fall acts as a lid over a pen, thereby catching the animal alive. BEE LINE See "Airline". BITCH A lamp made by filling a tin cup with bear or other animal fat, then inserting a twisted rag or piece of cotton rope to act as a wick. BLACKBIRD STORM An unexpected cold storm in late spring. BLANC BEC A term used by voyageurs for a new man who had yet to travel the Missouri past the Platte River. As with many voyageur terms, this was later adopted by some Mountain Men with much the same meaning. BOIS DE VACHE Buffalo chips used as fuel. BONE PICKER A despised human scavenger who hunted for, and sold, the bones of dead animals, mostly buffalo. BOOSHWAY The leader of a party of mountain men. The word comes from the French "bourgeois", used by the voyageurs. BOSCHLOPER A trapper or hunter BOUDINS The real treat of the mountain man. A buffalo gut containing chyme, which was cut into lengths about 24 inches long and roasted before a fire until crisp and sizzling. BREED A person of Indian and White blood. A half-breed. BRIGADE A keelboat crew. BUCKSKIN Tanned deerskin from which much of the clothing of the Indian and mountain man was made. If Indian tanned, buckskin was usually a very light dolor, often almost white. Darker color was usually obtained by smoking the skin over an open fire. BUFFALO BOAT A boat made of raw buffalo skins, much used by traders. This boat differed from the Bull Boat in that it was larger and had a normal boat shape. BUFFALO CHIP Buffalo manure, dried and used as fuel. BUFFALO CIDER The fluid found in the stomach of the buffalo. Used by both mountain men and Indians to quench thirst. BUFFALO DANCE An Indian dance used to insure success on a buffalo hunt. BUFFALOED See "Big Fifty". BUFFALO LICK A natural saltlick used by buffalo and other game animals. Usually a very good place to find game. BUFFALO RANGE Any wide-open feeding area used by buffalo. BUFFALO ROBE The skin of the buffalo, tanned with the hair on. Used by traders, Indians, and mountain men as ground covers, robes and blankets, BUFFALO WALLOW The depression made by buffalo rolling and dusting themselves. The same wallows were used year after year often becoming quite deep. BUFFALO WOLF A large, gray wolf found around buffalo herds. Young buffalo calves were the natural food of this animal. BUG'S BOYS The Blackfoot Indians. BUG-TIT A derisive term used to mean any company official who tended to think that he was more important than he actuall


"The flag of which country is a horizontal tricolour of ""deep saffron"" at the top, white in the middle, and green at the bottom with, in the centre, a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes?"

India flag | Buy now - Flags of the World This product is In Stock and is usually shipped next working day This product is In Stock Soon Please contact us for expected lead time Please contact us for stock status and expected lead time This product is supplied through a fulfilment partner Sorry, this product is presently not available This product may be available on special order but can't be ordered online. Please contact us Select product Add to cart Adding to your cart Added to your cart Sorry, maximum quantity reached. Please contact us for larger orders. Sorry, I could not add that product (Server returned error). Please try again and if the problem persists contact us Sorry, I could not add that product (No response from server). Please try again and if the problem persists contact us About the Indian flag The National Flag of India was adopted in its present form during an ad hoc meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on the 22 July 1947, twenty-four days before India's independence from the British on 15 August 1947. It has served as the national flag of the Dominion of India between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950 and that of the Republic of India thereafter. In India, the term "tricolour" almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The national flag, adopted in 1947, is based on the flag of the Indian National Congress, designed by Pingali Venkayya. The flag is a horizontal tricolour of "deep saffron" at the top, white in the middle, and green at the bottom. In the centre, there is a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra, taken from the Lion Capital of Asoka erected atop Ashoka pillar at Sarnath. The diameter of this Chakra is three-fourths of the height of the white strip. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3. The flag is also the Indian Army's war flag, hoisted daily on military installations. You may also be interested in


In the Bible, Goliath was a member of what group?

101 Myths of the Bible Chapter 96 SAMPLE CHAPTER: 96. David killed Goliath. (NOTE: The following material is a draft of a chapter from 101     Myths of the Bible and may vary slightly from the published version.) The Myth: And the Philistine [i.e., Goliath] came on and drew     near unto David; and the man that bare the shield went before him.     And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained     him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance.     And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest to     me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. And the     Philistine said to David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto     the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field. Then said David     to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear,     and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of     hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied. This     day will the LORD deliver thee into mine hand; and I will smite thee,     and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcases of the     host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to     the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there     is a God in Israel. And all this assembly shall know that the LORD     saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the Lords,     and he will give you into our hands. And it came to pass, when the     Philistine arose, and came and drew nigh to meet David, that David     hasted, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine. And David put     his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote     the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his     forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth. So David prevailed     over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the     Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of     David. Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine, and took     his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and     cut off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw their     champion was dead, they fled. (1 Sam. 17:41-51.) The Reality: The real killer of Goliath was Elhanan, who     belonged to The Thirty, King Davids elite fighting cadre. The story of how young David armed with only a slingshot and stones     defeated a well-armored giant Philistine warrior named Goliath has     become one of the most famous tales in all the bible. The slain     enemys name has become a synonym for huge and the     phrase David and Goliath has become a literary     cliché for a confrontation between opponents of unequal     strength. Unfortunately, David didnt kill Goliath, and he     wasnt a youth when Goliath died. According to the King James translation of 2 Sam. 21:19, And there was again a battle in Gob with the Philistines, where     Elhanan the son of Jaareoregim, a Bethlehemite, slew the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weavers     beam. Although this translation says Elhanan slew the brother of Goliath, the words the brother of do not appear in the     Hebrew text. The actual wording of the passage says that Elhanan slew Goliath, not his brother. The addition of these words in the English translation came about for     two reasons. One, the translators didnt want to contradict the     earlier story attributing the act to David, especially since David is     so dramatically linked to Christ in Christian tradition.     (Christs credentials as Messiah, according to biblical     prophesies, depend upon his descent from David.) Two, the author of 1     Chr. 20:5, written centuries after the verse in 2 Sam 21:17 and faced with the same contradiction, wrote, Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath t


Who, before being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for 2003, was the first author to be awarded the Booker Prize twice?

Nobel Prizes: Year In Review 2003 | Britannica.com Nobel Prizes: Year In Review 2003 Written By: Originally published in the Britannica Book of the Year. Presented as archival content. Prize for Peace Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent The 2003 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Shirin Ebadi, an Iranian lawyer, writer, and teacher who had gained prominence as an advocate for democracy and human rights. She was known particularly for her efforts to establish and protect the rights of women and children in the face of a hostile Iranian government. In announcing the award, the Norwegian Nobel Committee said, “As a lawyer, judge, lecturer, writer, and activist, she has spoken out clearly and strongly in her country, Iran, and far beyond its borders. She has stood up as a sound professional, a courageous person, and has never heeded the threats to her own safety.” She was the first Iranian to be awarded the Prize for Peace. Ebadi, who was born in 1947 in Hamadān, Iran, received a degree in law in 1969 from the University of Tehran. She was one of the first women judges in Iran and from 1975 to 1979 was head of the city court of Tehran. After the 1979 revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, however, women were deemed unsuitable to serve as judges, and she was dismissed from the position. She then practiced law and taught at the University of Tehran, and she became known as a fearless defender of the rights of Iranian citizens. In court she defended women and dissidents, as well as a number of victims of the conservative religious regime, including the families of writers and intellectuals murdered in 1999–2000. She also distributed evidence implicating government officials in the murders of students at the University of Tehran in 1999, for which she was jailed for three weeks in 2000. Found guilty, she was given a prison term, barred from practicing law for five years, and fined, although her sentence was later suspended. Among her writings were The Rights of the Child: A Study of Legal Aspects of Children’s Rights in Iran (1994) and History and Documentation of Human Rights in Iran (2000). She also was founder and head of the Association for Support of Children’s Rights in Iran. Connect with Britannica Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Pinterest The awarding of the Nobel Prize for Peace was commonly understood to have political overtones, and this was especially evident in 2003. The choice of Ebadi was widely viewed as an attempt by the Norwegian Nobel Committee to support the reformers in Iran against that country’s hard-line clerics and to promote the view that Islam was compatible with equality before the law, freedom of speech and of religion, and other democratic practices, as well as with the doctrine of human rights. The committee said, “Ebadi is a conscious Muslim. She sees no conflict between Islam and fundamental human rights. It is important to her that the dialogue between the different cultures and religions of the world should take as its point of departure their shared values.” Although Muslims had earlier won the Nobel Prize for Peace—Egyptian Pres. Anwar el-Sadat shared the prize in 1978 with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat shared the prize in 1994 with Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres—Ebadi was the first Muslim woman to be given the award. Robert Rauch Prize for Economics The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded in 2003 to American Robert F. Engle and Clive W.J. Granger of the U.K. for their respective contributions to the development of sophisticated techniques for the analysis of time series data. Their econometric methods enabled a chronological succession or series of values of nonstationary and volatile variables, such as household consumption, inflation, and stock prices, to be measured with greater accuracy than was possible with the standard methods previously used to find explanations of movements of variables over time. The two prizewinners spent much of their careers in the 1970


Who is a former British triple jumper who held the Olympic, Commonwealth, European and World records, and has held the world record in the event since 1995?

Jonathan Edwards CBE - Speaker Profile | Celebrity Speakers Jonathan Edwards CBE 2012 Olympic Games Ambassador, Former BBC Sports Personality of the Year Former Olympic Triple Jumper, Commonwealth, European and World Champion, he has held the world record in the event since 1995. Jonathan Edwards currently sits on the board of LOCOG as their athlete representative. He is Chair of the Sports Advisory Group, having played an important part in the success of the London 2012 bid as an Official Ambassador, and a member of the Athletes Advisory Group. He also is a Lloyds TSB London 2012 Ambassador working closely with the bank up to and beyond the London 2012 Olympic. "He had researched the audience thoroughly and his presentation was both interesting and inspirational" Adecco In detail After a career of fifteen years, and accolades including the BBC Sports Personality of the Year, Jonathan retired from competitive athletics and turned his attention to broadcasting. After a stint presenting Songs of Praise, he joined the BBC commentary team. He was awarded the MBE in 1996 and the CBE in 2001 in recognition of his achievements. What he offers you Jonathan offers a specific presentation on the 'Business of the Bid'. As an integral member of the bid team, he offers behind the scenes, information on the construction and implementation of the bid effort. Jonathan is passionate about everything the 2012 Games will do for sport in this country and he translates this in a genuine and inspiring manner. How he presents Jonathan is an accomplished, comfortable and highly experienced professional speaker. He has a relaxed and natural confidence when he presents and is well known for his eloquent, clear and intelligent style. Languages He presents in English. Want to know more? Give us a call or send us an e-mail to find out exactly what he could bring to your event. How to book Jonathan Edwards CBE? Simply phone, fax or e-mail us. Topics


"Who wrote, often with Howard Greenfield, the songs ""Oh! Carol"" (1959), ""Calendar Girl"" (1960), ""Little Devil"" (1961), ""Happy Birthday Sweet Sixteen"" (1961), ""Breaking Up Is Hard to Do"" (1962) and ""Next Door to an Angel"" (1962)?"

Neil Sedaka - Calendar Girl - YouTube Neil Sedaka - Calendar Girl Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jan 9, 2011 Neil Sedaka (born March 13, 1939) is an American pop singer, pianist, and songwriter. His career has spanned over 50 years, during which time he has written many songs for himself and others, often working with lyricists Howard Greenfield and Phil Cody. Sedaka was born in Brooklyn, New York. His father, Mac Sedaka, a taxi driver, was the son of Turkish Jewish immigrants; his mother, Eleanor (Appel) Sedaka, was of Polish-Russian Jewish descent. He grew up in an apartment in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn. He is the cousin of singer Eydie Gorme. He demonstrated musical aptitude in his second-grade choral class, and when his teacher sent a note home suggesting he take piano lessons, his mother took a part-time job in an Abraham & Straus department store for six months to pay for a second-hand upright. He took to the instrument immediately. In 1947, he auditioned successfully for a piano scholarship to the Juilliard School of Music's Preparatory Division for Children, which he attended on Saturdays. He also maintained an interest in popular music, and when he was 13, a neighbor heard him playing and introduced him to her 16-year-old son, Howard Greenfield, an aspiring poet and lyricist. The two began writing together. After graduating from Lincoln High School, Sedaka and some of his classmates formed a band called The Tokens. The band had minor regional hits with songs like "While I Dream", "I Love My Baby", "Come Back Joe", and "Don't Go", before Sedaka launched out on his own in 1957. However, after a few personnel changes, in 1961, The Tokens would hit #1 on the Billboard pop charts with the international smash "The Lion Sleeps Tonight". Meanwhile, the very young Sedaka's first three solo singles, "Laura Lee", "Ring-a-Rockin'", and "Oh, Delilah!" failed to become hits (although "Ring-a-Rockin'" earned him his first of many appearances on Dick Clark's American Bandstand). But they demonstrated his ability to perform as a solo singer, so RCA Victor signed him to a recording contract. His first single for RCA, "The Diary" (a song he offered to Little Anthony and the Imperials), reached #14 on the Billboard charts in 1958-59. His second single, "I Go Ape", was a modest success at #42, and his third single, "Crying My Heart Out for You", was a flop at #111. Desperate for a hit, he bought several hit singles and listened to them over and over, studying the chord progressions and lyrics to figure out what made them so popular. Based on that, he crafted a new song, "Oh! Carol", dedicated to his then-girlfriend and fellow pop star, Carole King. The song reached #9 on the charts. (Carole King would respond with the answer song, "Oh, Neil!" later that year.) Sedaka kept churning out new hits from 1960 to 1962. The best known are "Stairway to Heaven" (#9, 1960); "Calendar Girl" (#4, 1961); "Little Devil" (#11, 1961); "Happy Birthday Sweet Sixteen" (#6, 1961); his signature song, "Breaking Up Is Hard to Do" (#1, 1962); and "Next Door to an Angel" (#5, 1962). He also had modest successes with "You Mean Everything to Me" (#17, 1960); "Run Samson Run" (#27, 1960); "Sweet Little You" (#59, 1961); and "King of Clowns" (#45, 1962). RCA issued four LPs in the US and Britain of his works during this period, and also produced a Scopitone video of "Calendar Girl". Between 1960 and 1962, Sedaka had eight Top 40 hits, but after the success of "Next Door to an Angel," he would not see the Top 10 again in the 1960s. His singles for 1963 were modest successes: "Alice in Wonderland" (#17), "Let's Go Steady Again" (#26), "The Dreamer" (#47), and "Bad Girl" (#33).  ~SOURCE: Wikipedia (There is a lot more about Sedaka there) PLEASE NOTE: I divided my uploads among multiple channels, Bookmark this link in your browser


"On 1 September 2010, In the Iraq War, the USA replaced the name ""Operation Iraqi Freedom"" by what?"

Military Call on Me 2010 - YouTube Military Call on Me 2010 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Apr 13, 2010 A video mix from the Military OIF during 2003 of the . Military Call 2010. The Iraq War, also known as the Occupation of Iraq, The Second Gulf War Operation Iraqi Freedom, or Operation New Dawn is an ongoing military campaign which began on March 20, 2003, with the invasion of Iraq by a multinational force led by troops from the United States and the United Kingdom. Prior to the war, the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom claimed that Iraq's alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) posed a threat to their security and that of their coalition/regional allies. In 2002, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1441 which called for Iraq to completely cooperate with UN weapon inspectors to verify that Iraq was not in possession of WMD and cruise missiles. The United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) found no evidence of WMD, but could not verify the accuracy of Iraq's weapon declarations. Lead weapons inspector Hans Blix advised the UN Security Council that while Iraq was cooperating in terms of access, Iraq's declarations with regards to WMD still could not be verified. After investigation following the invasion, the U.S.-led Iraq Survey Group concluded that Iraq had ended its nuclear, chemical, and biological programs in 1991 and had no active programs at the time of the invasion, but that they intended to resume production if the Iraq sanctions were lifted. Although some degraded remnants of misplaced or abandoned chemical weapons from before 1991 were found, they were not the weapons which had been the main argument to justify the invasion. Some US officials also accused Iraqi President Saddam Hussein of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda, but no evidence of a meaningful connection was ever found. Other proclaimed reasons for the invasion included Iraq's financial support for the families of Palestinian suicide bombers,[60] Iraqi government human rights abuses, and an effort to spread democracy to the country. The invasion of Iraq led to an occupation and the eventual capture of President Hussein, who was later tried in an Iraqi court of law and executed by the new Iraqi government. Violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups soon led to the Iraqi insurgency, strife between many Sunni and Shia Iraqi groups, and the emergence of a new faction of Al-Qaeda in Iraq. In October 2006, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Iraqi government estimated that more than 365,000 Iraqis had been displaced since the 2006 bombing of the al-Askari Mosque, bringing the total number of Iraqi refugees to more than 1.6 million.[66] By 2008, the UNHCR raised the estimate of refugees to a total of about 4.7 million (~16% of the population). The number of refugees estimated abroad was 2 million (a number close to CIA projections) and the number of internally displaced people was 2.7 million. In 2007, Iraq's anti-corruption board reported that 35% of Iraqi children, or about five million children, were orphans. The Red Cross stated in March 2008 that Iraq's humanitarian situation remained among the most critical in the world, with millions of Iraqis forced to rely on insufficient and poor-quality water sources. In June 2008, U.S. Department of Defense officials claimed security and economic indicators began to show signs of improvement in what they hailed as significant and fragile gains. Iraq was fifth on the 2008 Failed States Index, and sixth on the 2009 list. As public opinion favoring troop withdrawals increased and as Iraqi forces began to take responsibility for security, member nations of the Coalition withdrew their forces. In late 2008, the U.S. and Iraq


What is the name of the transition from a liquid state directly to a gas of an element or compound?

Phases - Gas, liquid and solid Phases - Gas, liquid and solid Skills to develop Define and explain what a phase is. Interpret these phase transitions: melting and freezing. Phases - Gas, liquid and solid Gas, liquid, and solid are known as the three states of matter or material, but each of solid and liquid states may exist in one or more forms. Thus, another term is required to describe the various forms, and the term phase is used. Each distinct form is called a phase, but the concept of phase defined as a homogeneous portion of a system, extends beyond a single material, because a phase may also involve several materials. For example, a homogeneous solution of any number of substances is a one-phase system. Phase is a concept used to explain many physical and chemical changes (reactions). A solid has a definite shape and volume. A liquid has a definite volume but it takes the shape of a container whereas a gas fills the entire volume of a container. You already know that diamond and graphite are solids made up of the element carbon. They are two phases of carbon, but both are solids. Solids are divided into subclasses of amorphous (or glassy) solids and crystalline solids. Arrangements of atoms or molecules in crystalline solids are repeated regularly over a very long range of millions of atoms, but their arrangements in amorphous solids are somewhat random or short range of say some tens or hundreds of atoms. In general, there is only one liquid phase of a material. However, there are two forms of liquid helium, each have some unique properties. Thus, the two forms are different (liquid) phases of helium. At a definite temperature and pressure, the two phases co-exist. So far, all gases behave alike as do mixtures of gases. Thus, a gas is usually considered as a phase. The Concept of Phase A phase is a distinct and homogeneous state of a system with no visible boundary separating it into parts. Conversion between these states is called a phase transition. Water, H2O, is the most common substance that its gas (steam), liquid (water), and solid (ice) phases are widely known. An ice water mixture has two phases, so are systems containing ice-and-vapour, and water-and-vapour. To recognize the vapour system in these system may require a keen observation, because the vapour usually blends with air, and is not detected directly. You probably also know that several solids may exist for a substance, and each of the solid form is also called a phase. Diamond and graphite being the most quoted examples. Graphite and diamond are both solid carbon. They have different crystal shapes, colors, and structures. They represent two different phases of carbon. Under 1 atm, ice has hexagonal symmetry, while cubic ice is formed under high pressure. In fact, there are at least 8 different types of ice, each being a solid phase. When you mix water and alcohol, regardless of the relative amounts that you use, they are fully miscible. The resulting mixture has only one phase (a solution). However, water and oil are normally immiscible, and their boundary of separation is visible. They form a two-phase system. Sometimes you cannot "see" the boundary, and you will need scientific reasoning to realize the number of phases present in system. Well, there is so much concept packed into one term that we can not make the definition any simpler for you. However, the term is useful because it can be used to explain many phenomena. There is no substitute for it. Learn it and use it to explain physical changes. Phase Transitions A state change of any material due to temperature or pressure change is a phase transition. A phase transition is a physical change (or reaction). The following diagram illustrates the key phase transitions: You should know the names of the process for these phase transitions. sublimation      deposition SOLID ============> GAS  ==============> SOLID melting        freezing SOLID ============> LIQUID =============> SOLID                 (solidfication) condensation      vaporization GAS


If Christmas Eve falls on a Monday, what day will New Year's Day be?

Holiday schedule   Graeme  −>  Odds and Ends −> Holiday schedule  I work at a company where we get ten holidays each year.  We also get three personal days, to cover the holidays the company doesn't recognize.  The holidays the company does recognize are New Years, Martin Luther King, Presidents, Memorial, Independence, Labor, Thanksgiving, and Christmas.  Five of the holidays always fall on particular days of the week, and never on Saturday or Sunday.  So they're taken when they fall.  Plus the Friday after Thanksgiving.  The other four days are taken for New Year's, Independence, and Christmas, but it's not easy to figure out in advance which holidays will be two-day holidays and which will be single-day holidays. I've worked here for over eight years, and I've kept track of the holidays over the past five years.  What follows is by no means "company policy", but it does represent my guess as to how the holiday calendar is calculated.  It's one way to set up some rules that result in exactly 10 holidays each year. Now I'll consider how my company allocates four days each year to be taken for New Year's, Independence, and Christmas.  (The other six days are the same year after year.)  Generally, the holiday is taken on the day it falls.  But if it falls on a Saturday, the Friday is taken.  If it falls on a Sunday, the Monday is taken.  It's great if the two-day holiday can be parlayed into a four-day weekend, so if one of these days falls on a Tuesday or Thursday, then it will probably be the two-day holiday.  I say "probably" because this rule has two main exceptions -- the New Year's Eve Exceptions -- for example, if New Year's falls on a Tuesday, it can't be made a 2-day holiday in this year, because the Monday falls in a different year.  Also, for a similar reason, if New Year's falls on a Saturday, it can't be taken at all, because the Friday falls in a different year.  In addition, if Christmas falls on a Monday, then it becomes a 2-day holiday. To make up for the New Year's Eve problem, we make New Year's Eve -- at the end of the year -- a holiday if it falls on a Friday.  In the following year, which begins on Saturday, there is no New Year's Day holiday, so we give an extra personal day.  In addition, we give an extra personal day in years that end on Saturday. Using these rules, almost all years come out with four holidays.  The only exceptions are leap years that begin or end on Thursday.  So I'll add just two more rules: (1) if a leap year begins on a Thursday, then the New Years holiday is just a one-day holiday; it's back to work on Friday.  This is OK, though, because just a week prior, Christmas was a 2-day holiday.  (2) if a leap year ends on a Thursday, then it's a holiday, to make a 2-day New Year's holiday. If you haven't been following along (and I don't blame you; it's gotten a little complicated) then I'll summarize the rules, and show how they apply to each of the 28 possible calendars. Holiday Rules 1. One day for New Year's Day, except two if it falls on Thursday (except leap years). 2. If New Year's Day falls on a Saturday, the holiday is given as an holiday in some other part of the year -- e.g. in 2000, Christmas, which falls on a Monday, was made into a 2-day holiday when it wouldn't otherwise be.  (Don't fret; New Year's Eve was a holiday in the prior year.) 3. One day for Independence Day, except two if it falls on a Tuesday or Thursday. 4. One day for Christmas, except two if it falls on a Monday, Tuesday or Thursday. 5. If New Year's Eve (December 31st) falls on a Friday, then it is a holiday. 6. In leap years, if New Year's Eve falls on a Thursday, then it is a holiday, which combines with the following year's New Year's Day to make a two-day holiday. 7. If New Year's Eve falls on a Saturday, then the holiday is given as an extra holiday in some other part of the year -- e.g. an extra personal day.  (Don't fret; New Year's Day will be taken on Monday of the following year.) Year


What term applies to an engine comprising two banks of four cylinders inclined towards each other, with a common crankshaft?

Glossary of Terms [Back to Top] 10W30 An SAE classification for oil. This means an equivalent viscosity of 10 when cold (zero Celsius) and 30 when hot (100 Celsius.) (see also viscosity and SAE) 2-wheel alignment Wheel alignment, where measuring devices are only attached to the front wheels rather than all four, as in a four-wheel alignment. This is normally less expensive than four-wheel alignment and adequate under certain circumstances. For instance when the rear alignment is known good. (see also our Suspension Repair Category .) 4-wheel alignment Wheel alignment, where measuring devices are attached to all four wheels rather than just the front, as in a two-wheel alignment. This has the added advantage of correcting the rear as well as front alignment and insuring that tracking is correct on the vehicle. (see also our Suspension Repair Category . ) 4WD An acronym meaning Four Wheel Drive. An arrangement where the front and rear wheels can be linked to the transmission and used to propel the vehicle. (see also FWD and RWD) 5W30 An SAE classification for oil with an equivalent viscosity of 5 when cold (zero Celsius) and 30 when hot (100 Celsius.) (see also viscosity and SAE) [Back to Top] A-arm Slang term for a control arm, especially in a short-long arm type suspension, where many resemble the shape of the letter �A.� (see also short-long arm) A/S tire Stands for all season, a tire that can be used in snow as well as on the highway, but less aggressive than an M/S designation. A/T tire Stands for all terrain, a tire that can be used in mud and snow as well as on the highway, more aggressive than an M/S designation. AALA An acronym meaning American Automobile Labeling Act. A little known law, requiring vehicles sold in the United States to be labeled as to the percentage of US/Canadian content and the Country of manufacture. This information should be provided, upon request, by new vehicle dealerships in the United States. ABI An acronym for already been installed. A part sold as new that has been previously installed. This often happens when a customer buys a part, installs it and then returns it as new. Especially common when trying to guess at the source of a problem rather than properly diagnosing it. (see also swaptronics) Accumulator A temporary storage device, between the evaporator core and the inlet of the air conditioner compressor, designed to trap any liquid refrigerant and help prevent it from damaging the compressor. Many accumulators also contain a desiccant that helps to absorb moisture in the system. Please see our Detailed Topic, How an automotive air conditioner works, for more information. Acorn nut A style of wheel fastener, where the internal threads are enclosed on one end, by the design, which is roughly the shape of an acorn. For more information on lug nuts, please see our Detailed Topic Wheel Lugs, Torque and Keeping Wheels On . Actuator A device used to perform a mechanical action and is operated by electricity, vacuum or fluid pressure. Actuators are often used to direct air from air conditioning systems in the dash. Aftermarket part A part not supplied as original equipment on a vehicle, rather built by a third party. A part that is not supplied by the original manufacturer of a vehicle. (See also OEM part) AGCO An acronym standing for Altazan's Garage COmpany; A Good COmpany Agconomics Saving money, purchasing a three-year old vehicle, maintaining it well and driving it for several years, rather than buying new vehicles and trading them in. The savings can be used to retire previous debt, substantially increasing funds available for savings and enjoyment of life. Air bag Another name for the Supplemental Inflatable Restraint (SIR) system. A combination of computer controlled inflatable devices that help cushion the occupants of the vehicle in a collision. (See also SIR) Air-fuel sensor A device used to determine the amount of oxygen in the exhaust after combustion. Similar in appearance to an oxygen sensor, the output is much different. This information is used by the po


Which football team returned home from the 2010 African Nations Cup in Angola after their bus was shot at and three people were killed?

BBC NEWS | Have Your Say | Should the Africa Cup of Nations go ahead? This debate is now closed. Should the Africa Cup of Nations go ahead? Angolan authorities have arrested two people after Togo's national football team came under attack in an ambush ahead of the Africa Cup of Nations tournament. What is your reaction? The Togo team has returned home after its bus was attacked and players were shot at on their way to a tournament venue in Cabinda, Angola on Friday. Three people on board the bus were killed. The Confederation of African Football says its competition will continue with tightened security. The Togo players have expressed a desire to stay and play. But the Togolese government insisted that they leave. Should the Cup of Nations have gone ahead? Is the Togo government right to call its players home? What impact will this incident have on the World Cup in South Africa later this year?


"The ""Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act"" signed into law in the US state of Arizona on 23 April 2010 to take effect on 28 July 2010, concerns what?"

Analysis of Arizona's immigration law Analysis of Arizonas immigration law Arizona's Immigration Enforcement Laws Introduction   Supreme Court Ruling:  See more information on the immigration ruling that took place Monday, June 25 In April 2010, Arizona enacted two laws addressing immigration, SB  1070 and HB 2162.  These laws added new state requirements, crimes and penalties related to enforcement of immigration laws and were to become effective on July 29, 2010.  Before the laws could go into effect, the U.S. Department of Justice filed a lawsuit asking for an injunction against these laws arguing that they are unconstitutional. On July 28, Judge Bolton granted the request for injunction in part and enjoined those provisions related to state law officers determining immigration status during any lawful stop; the requirement to carry alien registration documents; the prohibition on applying for work if unauthorized; and permission for warrantless arrests if there is probable cause the offense would make the person is removable from the United States.  Arizona Governor Jan Brewer appealed the injunction and arguments were heard by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of appeals on Nov. 1, 2010.  On April 11, 2011, the cout upheld the injunction. Note: The U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments on a separate Arizona law enacted in 2007 that mandates use of a voluntary federal employment verification system and penalizes employers who hire unauthorized workers.  On May 26, 2011, the Supreme Court upheld Arizona’s 2007 law that required the use of E-Verify by Arizona employers, punishable by suspension or revocation of the employer’s business license. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) preempts any state or local law from imposing civil or criminal sanctions (other than through licensing and similar laws) upon those who employ, or recruit or refer for a fee for employment, unauthorized aliens. Citation: 8 U.S.C. 1324a(h). The Supreme Court, by a 5-3 vote, found that language in IRCA did not preempt the state because it was a licensing law permissible under IRCA. The E-Verify program also did not preempt the state: “although Congress had made the program voluntary at the national level, it had expressed no intent to prevent States from mandating participation.” The ruling on the case is “CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF UNITED STATES OFAMERICA v. WHITING ( No. 09-115). Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting .    Ann Morse   SB 1070, “Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act,” was  approved by the Arizona Legislature on Monday, April 19, and signed into law by Governor Brewer on Friday, April 23, 2010. SB 1070 includes provisions adding state penalties relating to immigration law enforcement including trespassing, harboring and transporting illegal immigrants, alien registration documents, employer sanctions, and human smuggling.  The trespassing provision appears to be the first of its kind to be enacted in the United States. In the most recent reports by NCSL on state immigration laws, few states have attempted to create a state trespassing violation for unlawful presence. Bills were introduced but failed in Arizona in 2008 and 2009; Texas in 2009; Colorado in 2008; and California in 2007.  On the same day she signed the bill, Governor Brewer issued Executive Order 2010-09 requiring the Arizona Peace Officers Standards and Training Board to establish training to ensure law enforcement officials and agencies apply SB 1070 consistent with federal laws regulating immigration, protecting the civil rights of all people and respecting the privileges and immunities of United States citizens. The executive order also requires clear guidance on what constitutes reasonable suspicion. The board is to provide a list of the specific forms of identification that provide a presumption that a person is not an alien unlawfully present in the United States.  A series of questions have been raised about the implementation and constitutionality of Arizona SB1070. Some concerns include the costs to the state for enforcing federal immigration