After the Latin name for which modern European capital is the element Lutetium named?

Elements Named for Places - Element Toponyms Berkelium – University of California at Berkeley Californium – State of California and University of California at Berkeley Copper - probably named for Cyprus Darmstadtium – Darmstadt, Germany Erbium – Ytterby, a town in Sweden Europium – Europe Francium – France Gallium – Gallia, Latin for France. Also named for Lecoq de Boisbaudran, the element's discoverer (Lecoq in Latin is gallus) Germanium – Germany Hafnium – Hafnia, Latin for Copenhagen Hassium – Hesse, Germany Holmium – Holmia, Latin for Stockholm Lutetium – Lutecia, ancient name for Paris Magnesium – Magnesia prefecture in Thessaly, Greece Rhenium – Rhenus, Latin for Rhine, a German province continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance Ruthenium – Ruthenia, Latin for Russia Scandium – Scandia, Latin for Scandinavia Strontium – Strontian, a town in Scotland Terbium – Ytterby, Sweden Thulium – Thule, a mythical island in the far north (Scandinavia?) Ytterbium – Ytterby, Sweden


Rule Britannia, Britannia rule the waves By  Ben Johnson   |   Comments The patriotic song ‘Rule, Britannia!, Britannia rule the waves’, is traditionally performed at the 'Last Night of the Proms' which takes place each year at the Royal Albert Hall. Originally, Great Britain was called ‘Albion’ by the Romans, who invaded Britain in 55BC , but this later became ‘Britannia’. This Latin word referred to England and Wales, but was no longer used for a long time after the Romans left. The name was then revived in the age of the Empire, when it had more significance. The word ‘Britannia’ is derived from ‘Pretannia’, from the term that the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus (1BC) used for the Pretani people, who the Greeks believed lived in Britain. Those living in Britannia would be referred to as Britanni. The Romans created a goddess of Britannia, wearing a Centurion helmet and toga, with her right breast exposed. In the Victorian period , when the British Empire was rapidly expanding, this was altered to include her brandishing a trident and a shield with the British flag on, a perfect patriotic representation of the nation’s militarism. She was also standing in the water, often with a lion (England’s national animal), representing the nation’s oceanic dominance. The Victorians were also too prudish to leave her breast uncovered, and modestly covered it to protect her dignity! The ‘Rule, Britannia!’ song that we recognise today started out as a poem co-written by the Scottish pre-Romantic poet and playwright, James Thomson (1700-48), and David Mallet (1703-1765), originally Malloch. He was also a Scottish poet, but was less well-known than Thomson. The English composer, Thomas Augustine Arne (1710-1778), then composed the music, originally for the masque ‘Alfred’, about Alfred the Great . Masques were a popular form of entertainment in 16th and 17th century England, involving verse, and, unsurprisingly, masks! The first performance of this masque was on 1st August, 1740, at Cliveden House , Maidenhead. It was at Cliveden that the Prince of Wales , Frederick, was staying. He was a German, born in Hanover, son of King George II. His relationship with his father was strained but he came to England in 1728 after his father became king. The masque pleased Prince Frederick because it associated him with the likes of Alfred the Great, a medieval king who managed to win in battle against the Danes (Vikings) , and linked him to improving Britain’s naval dominance, which was Britain’s aim at this time. The masque was performed to celebrate the accession of George I (this was the Georgian era, 1714-1830) and the birthday of Princess Augusta. There were various influences on the poem. Scottish Thomson spent most of his life in England and hoped to forge a British identity, perhaps the reason for the pro-British lyrics. Another of his works was ‘The Tragedy of Sophonisba’ (1730). Rather than giving in to the Romans and becoming a slave, Sophonisba chose to commit suicide. This could have had an influence on ‘Rule, Britannia!’, with ‘Britons never will be slaves’. The words vary slightly between the original poem and the song we know today. Below is the poem, as it appears in ‘The Works of James Tomson’ by Thomson (1763, Vol II, pg 191): 1. When Britain first, at Heaven's command Arose from out the azure main; This was the charter of the land, And guardian angels sang this strain: "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves." 2. The nations, not so blest as thee, Must, in their turns, to tyrants fall; While thou shalt flourish great and free, The dread and envy of them all. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves." 3. Still more majestic shalt thou rise, More dreadful, from each foreign stroke; As the loud blast that tears the skies, Serves but to root thy native oak. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves." 4. Thee haughty tyrants ne'er shall tame: All their attempts to bend thee down, Will but arouse thy generous flame; But work their woe, and thy renown. "Rule, Britan


Who was British Prime Minister when the Battle of Waterloo was fought?

BBC - iWonder - The Duke of Wellington: Forging the 'Iron Duke' The Duke of Wellington: Forging the 'Iron Duke' 1769 Share this on Twitter The 'last great Englishman' The legacy of the Duke of Wellington towers over British history. The hero of Waterloo, vanquisher of Napoleon – poet laureate Alfred Lord Tennyson hailed him as the 'last great Englishman'. Statues still adorn the streets of many British towns and cities while his name has become synonymous with one of Britain's most celebrated victories. So how did Arthur Wellesley become the 'Iron Duke' we remember today? 1769 Universal History Archive/Getty Images Wellington spent much of his childhood at Dangan Castle, Ireland. The future Duke of Wellington was born Arthur Wesley (later changed to Wellesley) around 1 May, third surviving son in an aristocratic Irish family. His father, Garret, was the first earl of Mornington while his mother, Anne, was the eldest daughter of Arthur Hill, first Viscount Dungannon. An unhappy, lonely boy, Wellington exhibited few of the talents that would come to make his name. Lazy and socially awkward, his early schooling was fragmented, his performance uninspired. Only his violin playing showed any real promise. I vow to God I don't know what I shall do with my awkward son Arthur. Anne Wellesley, Countess of Mornington and Wellington's mother 1781 WAVE/Getty Images Eton College viewed from the river, painted in 1786. When Wellington was 12, his father died. That same year he started at Eton with his younger brother, Gerald. Anne, his mother, thought Wellington a slow, foolish child. His exploits at Eton did nothing to dispel that opinion. Frequently unsociable and occasionally aggressive, with little appetite for learning, Wellington was removed from school in 1784. His father's death in 1781 had hit the family's financial standing and another of Wellington's younger brothers, Henry, looked to be a more promising scholar. Wellington followed his mother to Brussels in 1785. Jobs for the boys Print Collector/Getty Images As Wellington was making his way in the army, the French Revolution came to a head, including the storming of the Bastille in 1789. At his family's behest, a career in the military beckoned – few other suitable options existed for such an unpromising young aristocrat. Wellington studied fencing, horsemanship and maths, but remained typically uninterested. His brother’s wealth and influence secured him a number of commissions, first as junior officer in the 73rd Foot and then as aide-de-camp to the lord lieutenant of Ireland. As the French Revolution moved towards its climax, Wellington’s elevation continued, even taking a seat in the Irish parliament. By October 1792 he had held five commissions in six different regiments. Revolution and focus DeAgostini/Getty Images The execution of Louis XVI challenged the established social order not just in France but throughout Europe. Events in France sent shockwaves through Europe. On 21 January King Louis XVI was executed at the guillotine. France had declared her egalitarian principles to be universal. The very fabric of established social order was under threat and by February Britain and France were at war. Wellington had to grow up quickly. He marked his new-found focus by setting aside 'frivolous' things like his violin. In April he joined the 33rd Foot, soon becoming the regiment's commanding officer. This was as far as his brother's influence could take him. He would now have to earn his promotions, on active service. Print Collector/Getty Images British troops attack the French during the Flanders Campaign. Wellington's opportunity came quickly. In 1794 the 33rd Foot was sent to the Netherlands and he fought the French for the first time. Though Wellington won plaudits for his role in the fighting, the Flanders Campaign as a whole was disastrous. By spring 1795 British forces had withdrawn, dejected and demoralised, and were evacuated from Hanover. The French had won, replacing the Dutch Republic with a client state. Wellington's first experience of war had come with th


For which king was Handel's Water Music composed?

Handel - Water Music - Classic FM Become a VIP Handel - Water Music Handel 's Water Music is made up of three orchestral suites, written for an outdoor performance for King George I on the Thames. Handel composed his wonderfully jolly Water Music around 1717. and it was first performed on 17 July that year, after George I requested a concert on the River Thames. The king watched from the royal barge with various dukes and duchesses as the 50 musicians played nearby. The suites are pretty easy on the ear and jauntily life-affirming. Exactly the sort of music you would like to waft you down the River Thames if you were a king with the weight of government on your shoulders; in fact, the king enjoyed the music so much, he asked the musicians to play the suites three times over the course of the trip down the river. Packed with catchy and famous tunes (you'll probably recognise at least one!), each movement is based on a dance style. There's actually no set order for the suites to be performed, but it's generally agreed the first is in F major, the second is in D, and the third is in G. It’s Suite No. 1 that is the most popular. In eleven sections, it begins with a beautiful French-style Ouverture, continues through a jaunty 'Bourée', a stately 'Minuet' and ends with the grand 'Alla Hornpipe'. It's often paired with Handel's other celebratory royal river piece, Music for the Royal Fireworks , written in 1749 for George II. He was obviously well practised at writing music that would carry when performed outside, using bassoons, horns and trumpets to help the sound carry.


In which Welsh town is the Royal Mint situated?

UK Cities Hundreds of millions of bronze coins needed to be minted in readiness for D-Day. Moreover, the distribution of the newly minted coins needed to be carefully controlled since every city, town and village in the United Kingdom would need sufficient stocks of each denomination – that there might be local shortages of new coins on D Day was a disaster too dreadful to contemplate. Plans went ahead with some urgency and in April 1967 it was announced that a new Royal Mint was to be built at Llantrisant, ten miles or so to the north-west of Cardiff and set in rolling green countryside on the edge of the Rhondda Valley. Work began in August 1967 on the construction of two large concrete-clad buildings, one for the treatment of blanks and the other for the striking of those blanks. This first phase was opened by the Queen in December 1968, when she switched on the coining presses to begin production of decimal bronze coins. During 1969 the new mint, with its modern facilities for the bulk handling of blanks and the automatic feeding of lines of coining presses, achieved weekly rates of output in excess of 50 million coins, or twice as much in a week as a century earlier the Mint had produced in a year. Blanks were supplied from Tower Hill and selected contractors and, as planned, the new mint was responsible for the bulk of the stockpile of decimal bronze coins. In time for D Day, the new Royal Mint at Llantrisant had struck over 2,000 million decimal coins: on 15 February 1971, no-one could complain of a shortage of change. The old mint at Tower Hill continued in operation. After 1972, however, few coins were struck in London and, once the new mint had become largely self-sufficient, production in London of blanks and coin was brought to an end. The last coin, a gold Sovereign, was struck at Tower Hill with due ceremony in November 1975, by which time many of the staff, along with the Mint’s historic numismatic collection, had already left London for Llantrisant. Newsletter Join our mailing list to receive regular updates about new coins, special offers and general news Need a little help finding what you want? About Us


"Which 1942 film features the line ""Play it Sam, play 'As time goes by'""?"

Editing film history Richard "Rick" Blaine ( Humphrey     Bogart's character) never says "Play it again, Sam." In fact, nobody does. There are two exchanges that come close. The first takes place     between Ilsa Lund Laszlo ( Ingrid     Bergman ) and Sam (Dooley Wilson). Ilsa Lund: Play it once, Sam. For old      times' sake. Sam: [lying] I don't know what you      mean, Miss Elsa. Ilsa Lund: Play it, Sam. Play "As      Time Goes By." Sam: [lying] Oh, I can't remember it,      Miss Elsa. I'm a little rusty on it. The second takes place between Rick and Sam. Rick: You played it for her, you can      play it for me! Sam: [lying] Well, I don't think I      can remember... Rick: If she can stand it, I can!      Play it! It's been reported that "play it again, Sam" originated in the     1946 Marx Brothers film A Night in Casablanca, but we can't confirm that, not having seen the film ourselves. For more movie history and information check out the Movie channel at     infoplease.com. —The Editors


Which 1939 film features the line 'Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn'?

Frankly My Dear, I Don't Give a Damn - Gone with the Wind (6/6) Movie CLIP (1939) HD - YouTube Close Frankly My Dear, I Don't Give a Damn - Gone with the Wind (6/6) Movie CLIP (1939) HD Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on May 26, 2011 Gone with the Wind movie clips: http://j.mp/1BcYIU9 BUY THE MOVIE: http://bit.ly/2cqCesz Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr CLIP DESCRIPTION: Rhett (Clark Gable) leaves Scarlett (Vivien Leigh) in tears, but she still finds hope in tomorrow. FILM DESCRIPTION: Gone With the Wind boils down to a story about a spoiled Southern girl's hopeless love for a married man. Producer David O. Selznick managed to expand this concept, and Margaret Mitchell's best-selling novel, into nearly four hours' worth of screen time, on a then-astronomical 3.7-million-dollar budget, creating what would become one of the most beloved movies of all time. Gone With the Wind opens in April of 1861, at the palatial Southern estate of Tara, where Scarlett O'Hara (Vivien Leigh) hears that her casual beau Ashley Wilkes (Leslie Howard) plans to marry "mealy mouthed" Melanie Hamilton (Olivia de Havilland). Despite warnings from her father (Thomas Mitchell) and her faithful servant Mammy (Hattie McDaniel), Scarlett intends to throw herself at Ashley at an upcoming barbecue at Twelve Oaks. Alone with Ashley, she goes into a fit of histrionics, all of which is witnessed by roguish Rhett Butler (Clark Gable), the black sheep of a wealthy Charleston family, who is instantly fascinated by the feisty, thoroughly self-centered Scarlett: "We're bad lots, both of us." The movie's famous action continues from the burning of Atlanta (actually the destruction of a huge wall left over from King Kong) through the now-classic closing line, "Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn." Holding its own against stiff competition (many consider 1939 to be the greatest year of the classical Hollywood studios), Gone With the Wind won ten Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actress (Vivien Leigh), and Best Supporting Actress (Hattie McDaniel, the first African-American to win an Oscar). The film grossed nearly 192 million dollars, assuring that, just as he predicted, Selznick's epitaph would be "The Man Who Made Gone With the Wind." CREDITS: Cast: Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh Directors: George Cukor, Victor Fleming, Sam Wood Producer: David O. Selznick Screenwriters: Margaret Mitchell, Sidney Howard, Oliver H.P. Garrett, Ben Hecht, Jo Swerling, John Van Druten WHO ARE WE? The MOVIECLIPS channel is the largest collection of licensed movie clips on the web. Here you will find unforgettable moments, scenes and lines from all your favorite films. Made by movie fans, for movie fans. SUBSCRIBE TO OUR MOVIE CHANNELS:


Who designed the Bridgewater Canal, opened in 1761?

History - Bridgewater Canal History The Bridgewater Canal is sometimes described as England's first canal The Bridgewater Canal is sometimes described as England’s first canal. Named after its owner, Francis Egerton the third Duke of Bridgewater who built the Canal to transport coal from his mines at Worsley to the industrial areas of Manchester, the Bridgewater Canal was the forerunner of canal networks. Opened on 17th July 1761, the Bridgewater Canal has a special place in history as the first canal in Britain to be built without following an existing watercourse, and so became a model for those that followed it. Affectionately known as the “Dukes Cut” the Bridgewater Canal revolutionised transport in this country and marked the beginning of the golden canal era which followed from 1760 to 1830. 1759 - Early Days As a young man Francis Egerton, 6th Earl and 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, took a grand tour of Europe, and was evidently impressed with the canals in use on the continent which, after turning his back on London, spurred him on to develop this means of transport to serve his collieries in Lancashire. Initially his Agent, John Gilbert, was involved in the preliminary levelling and surveying of the site. When the Duke was just 23 years old, he presented his first Bill, which was hugely supported by the traders of Manchester and Salford on the Duke’s promise to reduce the delivered price of coal in Manchester to no more that 4d per cwt. 1759-1761 - The process begins The Duke's Bill, which received Royal Assent on 23rd March 1759, proposed two separate cuts from Worsley keeping north of the River Irwell, one via Patricroft to Salford and the other in the direction of Warrington to link with the River Mersey at Hollins Ferry. The route towards Patricroft made good progress but the cut to Hollins Ferry ran into difficulties with peat deposits, forcing them the re-examine the route. At the time James Brindley, who had established a reputation for mine and other workings involving water, was surveying the route of a proposed Canal from the Trent to the Mersey on behalf of Earl Gower, the brother-in law of the Canal Duke. Consequently, Brindley was invited to a meeting at Worsley Old Hall with the Duke and Gilbert and a complete change of plan emerged. The new route abandoned the Hollins Ferry line and the section which had reached Patricroft was altered to cross the Irwell by a Stone Aqueduct, therefore joining Trafford Park to Streford and Manchester. Worsley Old Hall, a fine timbered house, was the scene of prolonged meetings between the Duke and his advisers when preparing to submit a change to the Bill which was being presented to Parliament. This was passed in March 1760 to give approval to the change of route. Brindley was able to appease any doubters in the Parliamentary Committee by demonstrating his ideas for Barton Aqueduct by making a model from a cheese. This renowned engineering feat, ridiculed by many, crowned the success of the Opening of the Canal on 17th July, 1761. 1761-1776 – Extending to Merseyside At the end of 1761, the Canal was completed through to Stretford and to Castlefield Wharf, Manchester by 1765. Whilst this work was being carried out, the Duke and his team were busy on the next phase of extending the Canal to the Mersey tideway at Runcorn to forge a link with the Port of Liverpool. Despite opposition, the Duke’s third Act to make this possible was passed in March 1762. The need for an embankment and aqueduct over the Mersey at Sale Moor and similarly across the River Bollin, coupled with disputes with landowners, delayed work under this Act. At the Runcorn end the principal landowner, Sir Richard Brooke of Norton Priory, held up completion for many years. Before the Canal reached Preston Brook, about five miles from Runcorn, the Trent and Mersey Canal was under construction. The Act of 1766 for the Trent at Mersey Canal, which the Duke was involved in, included a provision empowering him to change the route of his Canal from the junction at Preston Brook to a point lower down the Mersey at


Who designed the Menai Suspension Bridge, completed in 1826?

Menai Suspension Bridge – Menai Heritage Menai Suspension Bridge Completed 1826 — A Brief History For centuries, travel to Anglesey from the mainland was often hazardous. Ferries traversed the Menai Straits at various places, but the currents are tricky and numerous boats capsized or ran aground, often with loss of life. In 1800, Ireland joined the UK through the Act of Union. This meant that the numbers of people wishing to cross the Straits increased as politicians commuted to and from Ireland to parliament in London. The route from London to Holyhead became an important roadway, representing a physical link between parliament and Ireland. Although well travelled, the journey was still notoriously dangerous. Telford’s original design for a bridge across the Menai Strait. In 1819, a civil engineer called Thomas Telford began working on ambitious improvements to journey between London and the port of Holyhead. Recognising the danger to travellers that crossing the Straits involved, Telford designed a groundbreaking piece of civil engineering – the Menai Bridge. Completed on 30 January 1826, the Menai Bridge was a triumph of civil engineering – the biggest suspension bridge in the world at the time. Sixteen huge chains held up 579 feet of deck, allowing 100 feet of clear space beneath. This allowed tall sailing ships navigating the seaway to pass underneath, whilst spanning the Straits at its narrowest point. The Menai Bridge not only made Telford’s reputation as a civil engineering superhero, it also dramatically reduced the time and danger it took to travel from London to Holyhead. Along with Telford’s other improvements to the road, the journey time was cut 36 hours to 27. Share this - Rhanwch hyn:


Pewter Information Help I'm an American! What is  Pewter? Throughout it's  long history pewter has had an almost infinite variety of compositions, even  today there are still numerous varieties produced. Through time the only common  factor is a relatively high tin content which is hardened by additions of other  elements. The main properties of tin that are exploited by pewter are the low  melting point, good casting properties and appearance, pure tin is too soft  to be of use. Many European languages make no distinction between pewter and  tin for example in French �tain is the same word for both. This may appear  strange and certainly makes for some interesting conversations, it's a bit like  having the same word for bronze and copper, but equally given the large range  of compositions and the factor that tin is the main ingredient you can see the  logic. Pewter's low melting point has always made it ideal for working with  minimal equipment, ideal for the small workshop and great for creativity. If  it all goes wrong its very easy to melt it down and start again. Today newly manufactured  pewter should be a lead free alloy usually being hardened with additions of  antimony and copper, containing over 90% tin. Other elements such as silver  and bismuth are sometimes used. In  the past pewter often contained lead but as awareness has grown into the harmful  effects of lead it should now have been eliminated. Modern pewter can be polished  to a bright silver like finish or if preferred chemical darkeners can be used  to simulate the patinas associated with old pewter. We manufacture a number of pewter compositions suitable for a variety of types  of casting and objects. Most of the pewter  we supply is destined to be cast into vulcanised rubber moulds which are  spun so that centrifugal force helps to fill the mould cavity and eject any  air. We supply a variety of compositions for this type of casting which are  selected to suit the type of items being cast. The     Main Constituents of Modern Lead Free Pewter Tin:        Sn The major constituent of all pewters. Pure tin is soft which is        why it needs to be mixed with other metals. Usually contains between        90 and 98% Antimony:        Sb Improves the casting qualities and has a considerable hardening        effect. Modern pewters generally contain between 0.5 and 8 % Copper:       Cu Like antimony copper improves the casting qualities has a slight hardening       effect and helps retain the antimony in the molten pewter, often present       between 0.25 and 2.5% Pewter    is made by melting the tin in a cast iron melting pot, the calculated weight    (percentages are by weight) of copper is added to the molten tin, being    heavier it sinks into the melt. Copper dissolves in molten tin at relatively    low temperatures once dissolved the antimony is added again this dissolves    easily without the melt going much above 400C. After cooling and thorough    stirring the metal is poured into ingot moulds. Sheet pewter is made by    casting billets which are scalped off then progressively reduced in thickness    by passing through rollers. Pewter sheet is a versatile material  that can be used to construct all manner items such as hip flasks and tankards,  pewter sheet can also be spun to make wonderful hollow ware designs. There is  some snobbery between the traditional hand cast items and what is regarded as  possibly a lower quality item constructed from sheet but what really matters  is the final product rather than how it has been made. Although we don't manufacture  pewter sheet we do produce lead free solder s  suitable for jointing pewter sheet in applications involving food and drink.


Who was defeated at the Battle of Sedgemoor in 1685?

Battle of Sedgemoor - definition of Battle of Sedgemoor by The Free Dictionary Battle of Sedgemoor - definition of Battle of Sedgemoor by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Battle+of+Sedgemoor Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Sedge·moor  (sĕj′mo͝or′, -môr′) A marshy tract in southwest England where the forces of James II defeated the Duke of Monmouth (July 6, 1685). Sedgemoor (ˈsɛdʒˌmʊə) n (Placename) a low-lying plain in SW England, in central Somerset: scene of the defeat (1685) of the Duke of Monmouth Sedge•moor n. a plain in SW England, in Somerset. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Taunton References in periodicals archive ? 1685: The Battle of Sedgemoor in Somerset - the last on English soil - took place with victory for James II's Royalist forces over the rebels under the Duke of Monmouth. HORSE PLAY; Just for the fun of it Real Deal WITH regards to the chairs, Jeffreys became known as "the hanging judge" for the part he played in the Bloody Assizes, the series of trials that took place in the aftermath of the Battle of Sedgemoor which put an end to the Monmouth Rebellion. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.


Which great battle between the Greeks and Persians took place in 490BC?

1/17/2007 • Military History On the morning of September 17, 490 bc, some 10,000 Greeks stood assembled on the plain of Marathon, preparing to fight to the last man. Behind them lay everything they held dear: their city, their homes, their families. In front of the outnumbered Greeks stood the assembled forces of the Persian empire, a seemingly invincible army with revenge, pillage and plunder on its mind. The Athenians’ feelings are best expressed by Aeschylus, who fought in the Persian wars, in his tragic play The Persians: “On, sons of the Hellenes! Fight for the freedom of your country! Fight for the freedom of your children and of your wives, for the gods of your fathers and for the sepulchers of your ancestors! All are now staked upon the strife!” The two sides faced each another directly, waiting for the fight to start. The Athenians stalled for days, anticipating reinforcements promised by Sparta. But they knew they could not wait for long. The Persians, expecting as easy a victory as they had won against enemies so many times before, were in no hurry. The Greeks, knowing the time for battle had come, began to move forward. Ostensibly, they advanced with focus and purpose, but beneath this firm veneer, as they looked on a vastly larger enemy — at least twice their number — many must have been fearful of what was to come. The Persian archers sat with their bows drawn, ready to loose a barrage of arrows that would send fear and confusion through the Greek ranks. “The Athenians advanced at a run towards the enemy, not less than a mile away,” recounted the historian Herodotus. “The Persians, seeing the attack developed at the double, prepared to meet it, thinking it suicidal madness for the Athenians to risk an assault with so small a force — rushing in with no support from either cavalry or archers.” Had the Persian archers been allowed to loose their bows, the battle might have ended before it had truly begun. Fighting their doubts and fears, the Athenians seized the initiative and rushed the Persians. Confronted by such a bold move and realizing their infantry would be pressed into action sooner than expected must have shaken Persian confidence. The two Athenian commanders, Callimachus and Miltiades (the latter having fought in the Persian army himself), used their knowledge of Persian battle tactics to turn the tide further in their favor. As the clatter of spears, swords and shields echoed through the valley, the Greeks had ensured that their best hoplites (heavily armed infantry) were on the flanks and that their ranks were thinned in the center. Persian battle doctrine dictated that their best troops, true Persians, fought in the center, while conscripts, pressed into service from tribute states, fought on the flanks. The Persian elite forces surged into the center of the fray, easily gaining the ascendancy. But this time it was a fatal mistake. The Persian conscripts whom the Hellenic hoplites faced on the flanks quickly broke into flight. The Greeks then made another crucial decision: Instead of pursuing their fleeing foes, they turned inward to aid their countrymen fighting in the center of the battle. By then, the Persians were in a state of utter confusion. Their tactics had failed, their cavalry was absent and their archers were useless. Their more heavily armed and armored opponents, who could sense that victory was close, were attacking them from three sides and pushing them into the sea. The Persians fled back to their ships. Many of the Athenians, buoyed by their success, dragged several of the Persian vessels to shore, slaughtering those on board. When the day was over, the Greeks had won one of history’s most famous victories, claiming to have killed about 6,400 Persians for the loss of only 192 Athenians. The Spartans eventually arrived, but only after the battle was long over. To assuage their disbelief in the Athenians’ victory, they toured the battlefield. To their amazement, they found the claim of victory was indeed true. The Athenians had defeated the most powerful empire in the Western worl


In which port did The Herald of Free Enterprise capsize in 1987?

Capsize of the Roll on Roll off Car ferry,        ï¿½Herald of Free Enterpriseï¿½ on 6 March, 1987 the English cross-channel car ferry Herald of Free Enterprise capsized and sank just after leaving Zeebrugge harbour. Of the 459 or more people on board 189 died. The ferry had sailed with her bow doors open and as she passed the Outer Mole and increased speed, water came over the bow sill and flooded the lower car deck. The inrush of water destabilised her causing her to capsize. She sank in two minutes. Had she not come to rest on a sandbank, the resulting loss of life would probably have been greater. Most of those that were killed in the incident were killed from being thrown around in the ferry.   WHAT HAPPENED: The Herald of Free Enterprise, like her sister ships Pride of Free Enterprise and Spirit of Free Enterprise, was a modern ro-ro passenger/vehicle ferry designed for use on the high-volume short Dover-Calais ferry route. She could accelerate rapidly to her service speed of 22 knots. She was certificated to carry a maximum of 1,400 persons.     At 433 feet long and 7,950 gross tons, the Herald was of record size at her launching in 1980 and was one of the prides of the 22-ship Townsend Thoresen fleet. She had two main vehicle decks and at Dover and Calais doubleï¿½deck ramps connected to the ferry, allowing simultaneous vehicle access to both decks. At Zeebrugge there was only a single-level access ramp which did not allow simultaneous deck loading. Ferry turnaround time was longer at this port. This single ramp could not quite reach the upper vehicle deck and so water ballast was pumped into tanks in the bow of the Herald to facilitate loading. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ When the Herald left Zeebrugge on March 6, 1987 , not all the water had been pumped out of the bow ballast tanks, causing her to be some 3 feet down at the bow. Mr Stanley, the assistant bosun, was responsible for closing the bow doors. He had opened the doors on arrival at Zeebrugge and then supervised some maintenance and cleaning activities. He was released from this work by Mr Ayling, the bosun, and went to his cabin. He fell asleep and was not awakened by the ï¿½harbour stationsï¿½ public address call alerting crew to take their assigned positions for departure from the dock. The bosun left the car deck at the ï¿½harbour stationsï¿½ call to go to his assigned station. He later said, ï¿½It has never been part of my duties to close the doors or make sure that anyone is there to close the doors.ï¿½ The chief officer, Mr Leslie Sabel, was in charge of loading vehicles. He stated that he remained on the car deck until he saw ï¿½ or thought he saw ï¿½ Mr Stanley threading his way through the parked cars toward the door control panel. He then went to the bridge, his assigned position for departure from dock. The Herald backed out of the berth stern first. The Herald had a new design of clamshell doors which opened and closed horizontally. This design made it impossible for the shipï¿½s master, Captain David Lewry, to see from the bridge if the doors were opened or closed. As the ship increased speed, a bow wave began to build up under her prow. At 15 knots, with the bow down 3 feet lower than normal, water began to break over the main car deck through the open doors at the rate of 200 tons per minute. In common with other ro-ro vessels, the Heraldï¿½s main vehicle deck lacked subdividing bulkheads. If water entered the deck, it could flow from end to end or from side to side with ease. The flood of water through the bow doors quickly caused the vessel to become unstable. The Herald listed 30 degrees to port almost instantaneously. Large quantities of water continued to pour in and fill the port wing of the vehicle deck, causing a capsize to port 40 seconds later. The Herald settled on the sea bed at slightly more than ninety degrees with the starboard half of her hull above water. There had been no chance to launch any of the shi


What was the name of the VLCC tanker that split in two off the coast of Brittany in 1978?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 24 | 1978: Tanker Amoco Cadiz splits in two About This Site | Text Only 1978: Tanker Amoco Cadiz splits in two Violent seas have split the Amoco Cadiz super tanker wrecked off the coast of France, destroying any hopes of salvaging any remaining oil and threatening an ecological disaster. Experts hoped 30,000 to 50,000 tons of oil left in the holds could have been pumped out but this morning's split, off the north coast of Finisterre, means all the 220,000-ton cargo will have escaped into the sea. Strong tides and winds are driving the oil slick westward raising fears it will affect the Channel Islands and the western coast of the Cherbourg peninsula in France. The oil spill is now covering 800 square miles (1,287 sq km) since it ran aground on Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany, France, eight days ago, en route from the Gulf to Le Havre. The French Navy announced 30 ships are working to contain the oil slick. They include five Royal Navy tugs, two ships from Norway and a vessel from Holland equipped with mechanical shovels. Officers are working around the clock spraying detergent to disperse the oil slick, and helicopters have been commissioned to assist with this. Experts said the best form of removing the oil is by sucking it off the sea from another vessel but this is currently not an option as the weather and sea is too volatile. The slick is being monitored by planes using infra-red cameras and the Landsatt satellite will shortly be taking pictures of it from space. Environmental damage The Amoco Cadiz's cargo is already forming a "chocolate mousse" - a dangerous mix of oil and water that forms naturally - which will pollute all life forms it drifts across. Its damage to the environment is coupled with the long-term effect the oil slick will have on the local economy of shellfish and oyster fishermen. According to some sources bombing or burning the ship is still being discussed as an option but no decisions have been taken yet. In 1967 Britain bombed the hulk of the Torrey Canyon for several days but the wreck was destroyed only after all the oil had leaked out.


What nationality was the World War 2 military leader General Sikorski?

Poland and Poles in the Second World War Poland and Poles in the Second World War During the course of World War II Polish soldiers fought on all European fronts. Polish armed forces were formed outside the borders of their country, which was under foreign occupation. Pictured: Infantryman of the I Rifles Brigade during maneuvers in Scotland. Photo: Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London / KARTA Center Introduction Poland was the only European country which fought and at times experienced defeat - but never capitulated - from the first to the last day of World War II. This armed conflict, the greatest in world’s history, began with an attack upon Poland in 1939: first by Germany on September 1 and then by the Soviet Union on September 17. In June 1941, after the Third Reich’s attack on the USSR, the Soviet Union joined the Great Coalition whose combined force won the war and their leaders decided the new division of the world, including how post-war Poland would look. Although Poland belonged to the victorious camp, and Polish soldiers fought on all of Europe’s fronts (and many outside of Europe as well) and participated in the capture of Berlin, full independence for Poland would not be won until 1989. Table of contents


Che Guevara — Ethnicity of Celebs | What Nationality Ancestry Race by ethnic on August 28, 2010 Birth Name: Ernesto Guevara Date of Birth: June 14, 1928 Place of Birth: Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina Date of Death: October 9, 1967 Place of Death: La Higuera, Vallegrande, Bolivia Ethnicity: Spanish-Argentinian, Basque, Spanish-Mexican, Spanish-Chilean, 1/64th Irish Che Guevara was an Argentinian Marxist revolutionary, guerrilla leader, military theorist, physician, author, and diplomat. Che had Spanish-Argentinian, Basque, Spanish-Mexican, Spanish-Chilean, and 1/64th Irish, ancestry. Cher was born to an upper class family, the son of Ernesto Rafael Guevara Lynch and Celia de la Serna y Llosa. Through his paternal grandmother, Ana Isabel Lynch Ortiz, he was a descendant of Patrick Lynch Blake, who emigrated from County Galway, Ireland in the 1740s. Through his “Lynch” line, Che was related to Chilean Admiral Patricio Lynch. Che’s paternal grandfather was Roberto Guevara Castro (the son of Juan Antonio Guevara Calderón and María Concepción Dolores del Rosario Castro Peralta). Juan was the son of José Rosendo de Guevara Cevicos and Jacoba Calderón de la Barca Silva. María Concepción Dolores del Rosario was the daughter of Guillermo Castro García and María Luisa Fermina Bárbara Guadalupe Peralta Alviso. Che’s paternal grandmother was Ana Isabel Lynch Ortiz (the daughter of Francisco de Paula Eustaquio Lynch Zavaleta and Eloisa Ortiz Alfaro). Francisco was the son of Patricio Joseph Julián Lynch y Roo and María Isabel de Zabaleta y Riglos. Eloisa was the daughter of Francisco Ortiz and Jasna Alfaro. Che’s maternal grandfather was Juan Martín de la Serna Ugalde (the son of Juan Martin de la Serna Fonrodona and Carmen Ugalde). Che’s great-grandfather Juan was the son of Martín Ignacio de la Serna Loaces and Rafaela Sebastiana del Corazón de Jesús Fonrodona Chaves. Che’s maternal grandmother was Edelmira de la Llosa Lacroze (the daughter of Juan Benito de la Llosa Ortega and Mercedes Lacroze Cernadas). Juan was the son of Anacleto de la Llosa Palleja and Ricarda Ortega Morales. Mercedes was the daughter of Juan Alejandro Lacroze Durán, who was born in Castillon, Dordogne, France, and of Mercedes de la Santísima Trinidad Cernadas Concha. Source: Genealogy of Che Guevara – http://www.geni.com Photo by  Neftali /Bigstock.com Xaun March 8, 2012 at 9:04 am In the list of origins of Ernesto Guevara, you’ve put first Spanish, but is BASQUE the first surname, Guevara. GUEVARA (in Basque must be written GEBARA, which is read identically as Guevara) is a Basque surname which can have different origins: 1- A village called GEBARA in the province of Araba / Alava, in Euskal Herria or Basque Country. 2- 3 farms called GEBARA, GEBARA-BERRI and GEBARA-LARRE (the first two, disappeared, in Irun, province of Gipuzkoa, and the 3rd one in the nearby town, Hondarribia, in the same province). 3- A nobiliar house in a village called Segura, also in the province of Gipuzkoa (in the Basque Country, under Spanish rule). On the other hand, Ernesto Guevara’s fathers family name was obviously GUEVARA. It is after this surname that he had, as 2nd surname, LYNCH. But Ernesto Guevara’s mother’s surname goes before Lynch in Ernesto’s surname list, which goes like this: Ernesto GUEVARA / DE LA SERNA / LYNCH / …


The history of Samaritans | Samaritans You are here Home > About us > Our organisation > The history of Samaritans The history of Samaritans Samaritans began in 1953 in London, founded by a vicar called Chad Varah. Throughout his career Chad had offered counselling to his parishioners, and wanted to do something more specific to help people struggling to cope and possibly contemplating suicide. How Samaritans started The initial idea for Samaritans came from the first funeral Chad conducted early on in his career: a girl aged 14 had started her period, but having no one to talk to believed that she had a sexually transmitted disease and took her own life. Chad was immensely moved by this senseless loss of life, "I might have dedicated myself to suicide prevention then and there, providing a network of people you could 'ask' about anything, however embarrassing, but I didn't come to that until later". Felicity Varah Harding, Chad's daughter, talks about her father: This interview was filmed by Central London Samaritans . Setting up the Samaritans service When Chad was offered charge of the parish of St Stephen in the summer of 1953 he knew that the time was right for him to launch what he called a "999 for the suicidal". He was, in his own words, "a man willing to listen, with a base and an emergency telephone". The first call to the new service was made on 2nd November 1953 and this date is recognised as Samaritans' official birthday. Publicising Samaritans Chad knew he would need to get word out about the service. Luckily he wrote and illustrated articles for children's comics, so he knew many of the journalists who worked on national newspapers. The service received lots of press coverage and on December 7th, 1953 the Daily Mirror coined the term "Telephone Good Samaritans" and although Samaritans is not a religious organisation, the name has stuck and become synonymous with the idea of people being there for others struggling to cope. The newspaper coverage worked and Chad received many callers wanting support both on the phone and face to face, as well as people wanting to help as volunteers. Initially the volunteers’ duties were to sit with the callers whilst they waited for their appointment, offering them someone to chat to, but it soon became clear that their role was much more central to the service. Often, the callers would pour out their problems to volunteers and many felt no need to speak to Chad afterwards. The simple act of listening and offering non-judgmental support was enough for most callers, and Chad realised the power of the service was in providing a safe space so people could talk and be listened to, without judgment. Growing into a nationwide service Publicity for the London-based service created a lot of interest elsewhere in the UK and as a consequence several more Samaritans centres were set up in the following years – the second being Samaritans in Edinburgh which took its first call on 1st June 1959. There are now 201 branches across the UK and Republic of Ireland. In February 1954, Chad officially handed over the task of supporting the callers to the volunteers, and Samaritans as we know it today was born. Samaritans service today still operates on Chad’s guiding principles of confidential, non-judgmental support.


Which English football league team plays home matches at Edgeley Park?

Edgeley Park Edgeley Park Stockport County's home since 1902 Stockport County FC, Edgeley Park, Hardcastle Road, Stockport, SK3 9DD   Stockport County moved to Edgeley Park, then home of Stockport Rugby League Club, in 1902, having previously played at Green Lane in Heaton Norris.   Down the years the old ground has seen many greats play on the hallowed turf, including George Best, Bobby Moore, Kevin Keegan, Stan Mortensen amongst many more. As of the end of the 2011-12 season, there had been 6,186 League goals scored at Edgeley Park, 3,797 of those scored by County.   1902 - Stockport County move to Edgeley Park 1903 - First Popular Side constructed 1913 - First Main Stand built, a 500-seater timber stand 1923 - Wooden terrace built at the Cheadle End 1927 - Popular Side reconstructed 1934 - The 13-0 victory over Halifax Town 1934 - Popular Side extended further back to hold 16,000 1935 - Main Stand burns down, rebuilt just a year later 1946 - County v Doncaster - the longest-ever football match ever played 1950 - 27,833 cram in to watch a 5th Round FA Cup game against Liverpool 1956 - First floodlit game, against Fortuna '54 Geleen - County won 3-0 in front of 14,511 1958 - England played at Edgeley Park... twice... on the same day! 1967 - Bench seating installed in Cheadle End, reducing capacity to 1,100 1977 - Visited by The Queen during her Silver Jubliee 1978 - The Lacrosse World Cup Final 1978 - Popular Side capacity halved as the rear is dismantled 1985 - Wooden Cheadle End demolished following the Valley Parade disaster 1994 - Popular Side made all-seater 1995 - New 5,000-seat Cheadle End built 2001 - 1,300 seats bolted onto Railway End terrace CHEADLE END The first major structure at the Cheadle End of the ground was erected in 1923 and, by the halcyon 'Go Go Go County' era of the 1960s, housed the 'Cheadle Enders', an army of around 3,000 noisy, bouncing fans who gave the team quite incredible vocal backing.   Previously a wooden terrace, basic seating was installed in 1967 which cut capacity in the stand to just 1,100. The timber structure remained unaltered until demolition following the Valley Parade fire in 1985.   Replace by a few steps of concrete terracing, the shallow terrace remained until 1995, when the magnificent new all-seater seater Cheadle End, holding just over 5,000, was opened at the start of the 1995-96 season. It was christened with a 1-0 win over Wrexham.   The large structure has room for conference & banqueting suites, shop facilities and matchday stewarding areas. The upper tier is home to the noisier 'Cheadle Enders', adding to the matchday experience with a multitude of songs and colourful banners.   Today's capacity is 5,044. THE DANNY BERGARA STAND (MAIN STAND) The first major development on the Hardcastle Road side of the ground came in 1913 with the construction of a 500-seater timber enclosure, which incorporated new changing rooms and office accommodation.    This stand remained, with only minor alterations, until the summer of 1935 when it perished in an incredible fire.   Just 12 months later, though, Mr Charles Sutcliffe, President of the Football League, officially opened an impressive new structure.   And the team took to their new environment immediately. After the opening ceremony York City were beaten 6-0 and, at the end of the season, County were crowned champions of the Division Three (North) for a second time.   The 1980s saw the Paddock, a terrace well below pitch level in front of the seated area, filled with concrete and fitted with blue plastic seats.   Similar seats replaced the old, uncomfortable, wooden seats in the stand soon after. This modernisation, unfortunately, necessitated the removal of the unique Edgeley Park drawbridge. The timber structure was lowered to provide access for the players from the tunnel, over the Paddock, and onto the pitch!   Today, it is home to various facilities including changing rooms, the Boardroom and the manager's matchday office. Capacity is 2,020, of which 405 are executive & sponsors' seats. In 2012 the stand was renamed th


Ascot | England, United Kingdom | Britannica.com England, United Kingdom Leicester Ascot, locality, Windsor and Maidenhead unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Berkshire , England , known for its racecourse on Ascot Heath. The Royal Ascot meeting (initiated in 1711 by Queen Anne ) lasts four days each June and is traditionally attended by the British sovereign . A major social and fashion event, it has lent its name to the ascot, a type of broad neck scarf. Its principal event is the Ascot Gold Cup, established in 1807 and run over 2.5 miles (4 km) by horses more than three years old. The Royal Ascot meeting, Ascot Racecourse, Berkshire, Eng., 2006. Troxx Two important dates on England’s upper-class social calendar are the Royal Ascot and Sotheby’s … Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Learn More in these related articles: Windsor and Maidenhead royal borough and unitary authority, geographic county of Berkshire, southern England, located about 30 miles (48 km) west of central London. Most of the unitary authority lies in the historic county of Berkshire, but it includes areas north of the River Thames that belong to the historic county of... Berkshire (county, England, United Kingdom) geographic and ceremonial county of southern England. The geographic county occupies the valleys of the middle Thames and its tributary, the Kennet, immediately to the west of London. It is divided into six unitary authorities: Bracknell Forest, Reading, Slough, West Berkshire, Windsor and... Anne February 6, 1665 London, England August 1, 1714 London queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1702 to 1714. The last Stuart monarch, she wished to rule independently, but her intellectual limitations and chronic ill health caused her to rely heavily on her ministers, who directed England ’s... Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: May 14, 2015 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Ascot Access Date: December 31, 2016 Share


What was the name of the 14 year old boy whom Winnie Mandela was cleared of killing?

Winnie Mandela - Government Official - Biography.com Government Official Winnie Mandela was the controversial wife of Nelson Mandela who spent her life in varying governmental roles. IN THESE GROUPS Famous South Africans quotes “Even being in exile really is a constant reminder of the sickness of our society, and that we are virtually in prison, even in our country. Those who are outside prison walls are simply in a bigger prison because the black man is virtually a prisoner, and all those other fellow whites and other groups that are oppressed as we are, we are all really in prison, in a bigger apartheid prison.” Winnie Mandela Synopsis After her husband, Nelson Mandela, was released from prison in 1990, Winnie Mandela shared in his political activities, despite her scandalous reputation. In 1993, Winnie became president of the African National Congress Women's League, and in 1994, she was elected to Parliament. She was re-elected to Parliament in 1999, but resigned in 2003, under a new financial scandal. Early Career: Social Work Born Nomzamo Winifred Madikizela on September 26, 1936, in Bizana, a rural village in the Transkei district of South Africa, Winnie Mandela eventually moved to Johannesburg in 1953 to study at the Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work. South Africa was under the system known as apartheid, where citizens of indigenous African descent were subjected to a harsh caste system in which European descendants enjoyed much higher levels of wealth, health and social freedom. Winnie completed her studies and, though receiving a scholarship to study in America, decided instead to work as the first black medical social worker at Baragwanath Hospital in Johannesburg. A dedicated professional, she came to learn via her field work of the deplorable state that many of her patients lived in. In the mid-1950s, Winnie met attorney Nelson Mandela, who, at the time, was leader of the African National Congress, an organization with the goal of ending South Africa's apartheid system of racial segregation. The two married in June 1958, despite concerns from Winnie's father over the couple's age difference and Mandela's steadfast political involvements. After the wedding, Winnie moved into Mandela's home in Soweto. She became legally known thereafter as Winnie Madikizela-Mandel. Confinement and Leadership Nelson Mandela was routinely arrested for his activities and targeted by the government during his early days of marriage. He was eventually sentenced in 1964 to life imprisonment, leaving Winnie Mandela to raise their two small daughters, Zenani and Zindzi, single-handedly. Nonetheless, Winnie vowed to continue working to end apartheid; she was involved surreptitiously with the ANC and sent her children to boarding school in Swaziland to offer them a more peaceful upbringing. Monitored by the government, Winnie Mandela was arrested under the Suppression of Terrorism Act and spent more than a year in solitary confinement, where she was tortured. Upon her release, she continued her activism and was jailed several more times. Then after the Soweto 1976 uprisings where hundreds of students were killed, she was forced by the government to relocate to the border town of Brandfort in 1977 and placed under house arrest. She described the experience as alienating and heart-wrenching, yet she continued to speak out, as in a 1981 statement to the BBC on black South African economic might and its ability to overturn the system. In 1985, after her home was firebombed, Winnie returned to Soweto and continued to agitate against the regime even during government media bans. Her actions continued to cement the title bestowed upon her, "Mother of the Nation." But Winnie also became known for endorsing deadly retaliation against black citizens who collaborated with the apartheid regime. Additionally, her group of bodyguards, the Mandela United Football Club, garnered a reputation for brutality. In 1989, a 14-year-old boy named Stompie Moeketsi was abducted by the club and later killed.  Freedom and Charges of Violence Through a complex mix


Name the American TV detective played by Gene Barry who had a chauffeur-driven Rolls in a 1960s series?

Gene Barry: The suave Chief of Detectives in the 1960s series 'Burke's Law' | The Independent Gene Barry: The suave Chief of Detectives in the 1960s series 'Burke's Law' Saturday 12 December 2009 00:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online As the suave and witty Los Angeles Chief of Detectives in Burke's Law, Gene Barry brought to television screens a policeman who turned up to crime scenes in style, sitting in the comfortably upholstered rear of a chauffeur-driven Rolls-Royce. The millionaire Amos Burke was also seen at home, in his luxurious mansion, where a string of beautiful women visited the eligible bachelor. Burke's Law (1963-65) was the tongue-in-cheek antithesis of established American crime dramas such as Dragnet, with its mundane but eminently watchable police procedurals, and The Untouchables, which presented a weekly bloodbath of murders and massacres. Amos Burke was born in "Who Killed Julie Greer?" (1961), the first episode of The Dick Powell Show, with Powell himself playing the detective. When Barry's series began, it was notable for all of its episode titles starting "Who Killed..." and big-name guest stars such as Zsa Zsa Gabor, Cedric Hardwicke, Sammy Davis Jr, Dorothy Lamour, David Niven, Diana Dors, Mickey Rooney, Cesar Romero and Frankie Laine. "This ain't gonna be no Mickey Spillane drama," the Burke's Law producer, Aaron Spelling, announced. "There'll be no hoods in it. The criminals will be the kind who prey on high society in the grand manner. You won't see any violence, either. We're doing something that's always been done in the cinema – shooting for glamour and forgetting about being too believable." Such glitz brought wordwide fame, as well as a 1965 Golden Globe Best Actor award, but he later expressed some regret at becoming typecast as a dapper character. "I have not been able to play just an ordinary human being," he said. "They don't give me those roles – a father, a grandfather, a man who is not the elegant head of an industry. I didn't like it much – the fact that I trapped myself or got entrapped in that type of performance." Seeking to capitalise on the success of the James Bond films and the television series The Man from U.N.C.L.E., the final season of the crime drama was retitled Amos Burke – Secret Agent (1965-66), with Barry's character working for US Intelligence. Three decades later, with fewer jobs being offered to him, the actor reprised the role – working once more as Chief of Detectives – for 27 new episodes of Burke's Law (1994-95). In between, Barry played another agent working for US Intelligence, Gene Bradley, in the less successful British-made action series The Adventurer (1972-73). Described by one critic as "a knight in designer clothing", Bradley was a film star who donned various disguises as he jetted around the world rescuing threatened women, defecting scientists and others. However, even location filming in Europe failed to save the programme, which was dropped in the United States after two episodes. Barry was born Eugene Klass in New York City in 1919, the son of a violinist father and singer-actress mother, and had early ambitions to act himself after playing Bluebeard, wearing home-made pantaloons and turban, and an absorbent-cotton beard dipped in ink, in a school production. While attending private schools in New York he also learned to play the violin but gave up after breaking his arm and switched to singing, performing in clubs and choirs. His baritone voice led him to be awarded a singing scholarship to the Chatham Square School of Music. Then came a job performing on a weekly radio show and he changed his professional name to Gene Barry, borrowing from his actor idol John Barrymore's surname. Still determined to act, he joined a company touring with the play Pins and Needles in 1940 and within two years was making his Broadway début as Captain Paul Duval in a short-lived revival of the musical The New Moon (1942). But he quickly bounced back as Falke – known as "the Bat" – in the operetta Rosalinda (44th Street Theatre, Imperial Theatre and


"In the comic-strip ""Batman and Robin"" what is the Boy Wonder's real name?"

Robin | DC Robin of : Close X Every kid wants to be Batman, but do you have a lifetime of training? A billion-dollar fortune? The dream gets dashed pretty quickly. So OK, maybe you can’t be Batman… but that doesn’t mean you can’t be adopted by him. And just like that, Robin the Boy Wonder made the kid sidekick an icon. Acrobat Dick Grayson was the youngest member of his parents’ death-defying circus act. But after their cold-blooded murder, Dick vowed revenge. Seeing a genuine piece of himself in the boy, Batman took him in—and gave him a better outlet for his anger. Becoming Batman’s protégé, Robin is an expert fighter and astounding acrobat—with the toughest example in the world to live up to. But the Boy Wonder’s true strength may lie in not being Batman—and providing a beacon of hope and family throughout the Dark Knight’s grim crusade. But as Dick matures into his own entity—eventually becoming the masked crime fighter Nightwing—Robin proves more than just an identity, but a mantle passed to the most worthy. From the troubled Jason Todd to the overachieving Tim Drake, the mask is now worn by Bruce Wayne’s own son Damian—a rebellious troublemaker who’s been trained by assassins since birth. With a lethal skill set and a marginal sense of mercy, Robin no longer needs Batman to protect him from criminals. Character Facts


Which ship, during the Falklands conflict was nicknamed 'The Great White Whale'?

BBC NEWS | UK | Northern Ireland | Remembering 'Great White Whale' Remembering 'Great White Whale' The cruise liner was known as the Great White Whale Bill Harrison followed the course of the Canberra throughout its long history with a sense of pride. From his hard bench in the drawing offices of Harland and Wolff, he helped give birth to the vessel which would become one of the world's most famous luxury liners. Yet the ship saw several transformations - from carrying migrants to Australia, changing to a cruiser and then into a troop carrier and hospital ship during the Falklands War. The BBC is marking the departure of the last ship - The Anvil Point - to be built at Harland and Wolff with a special Day To Remember on Friday 21 March. Bill started working in the drawing office of Harland and Wolff as an apprentice and spent all his working life in the shipyard. Some of the drawings must have been 6 or 8ft long, not the easiest things to use on a ship on a wet winter's morning Bill Harrison In the early days there were large benches stretching the full width of the office, with up to four draftsmen working at each, he said. "They were level and broad, because in those days the drawings were very big. "Some of the drawings must have been 6 or 8ft long, not the easiest things to use on a ship on a wet winter's morning - the drawings were spread out and pinned down." Bill was intimately connected with ship No.1621 - the Canberra - and recalls his days in the drawing office designing the ship. "I was involved in that in the early design stages and right through to the delivery, something which took a fair bit out of my life at that time. "It was a ship in which I personally had a lot of interest and when it was finished a lot of pride." Ship came back from the Falklands War a heroine Launched from Queen's Island in Belfast in 1960, she was the biggest passenger ship built since the Second World War. While she came back from the Falklands War a heroine, the cruise liner - known as the Great White Whale - was broken up in 1998. It had been languishing in a graveyard of ships in Asia for months. Having been sold for scrap in 1997, the once majestic liner sailed to its final resting place, 30 miles from the Pakistani port city of Karachi. But the vessel was so big that as she came in to dock, she beached on a sandbank and became stuck there. Her breakers cut her up before bringing the pieces back to shore. 'Awarded MBE' Where most ships take three months to break, the Canberra brought a bonanza for the local labour market and eight months after she arrived, was still only half dismantled. Bill Harrison remembers the day of the Canberra's maiden voyage four decades ago. Breakers cut her up before bringing the pieces back to shore "I was on board the ship when it was being launched. We had some technical measurements to make with the deflections of the ship as it went down to sea. "It's a free agent then. The ship bends and moves and one of the things we had to do was measure that movement." It was a procedure Bill carried out many times until he ended his career as Technical Manager of Harland and Wolff. He was later awarded an MBE for his work.


Which is the only disease that has been eradicated by man?

Disease Eradication | History of Vaccines WHO photo by T.S. Satyan Smallpox eradication campaign When a disease stops circulating in a region, it’s considered eliminated in that region. Polio, for example, was eliminated in the United States by 1979 after widespread vaccination efforts. If a particular disease is eliminated worldwide, it’s considered eradicated. To date, only one infectious disease that affects humans has been eradicated.* In 1980, after decades of efforts by the World Health Organization, the World Health Assembly endorsed a statement declaring smallpox eradicated. Coordinated efforts rid the world of a disease that had once killed up to 35% of its victims and left others scarred or blind. Smallpox eradication was accomplished with a combination of focused surveillance—quickly identifying new smallpox cases—and ring vaccination. “Ring vaccination” meant that anyone who could have been exposed to a smallpox patient was tracked down and vaccinated as quickly as possible, effectively corralling the disease and preventing its further spread. The last case of wild smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977. Smallpox was a good candidate for eradication for several reasons. First, the disease is highly visible: smallpox patients develop a rash that is easily recognized. In addition, the time from exposure to the initial appearance of symptoms is fairly short, so that the disease usually can’t spread very far before it’s noticed. Workers from the World Health Organization found smallpox patients in outlying areas by displaying pictures of people with the smallpox rash and asking if anyone nearby had a similar rash. Second, only humans can transmit and catch smallpox. Some diseases have an animal reservoir, meaning they can infect other species besides humans. Yellow fever, for example, infects humans, but can also infect monkeys. If a mosquito capable of spreading yellow fever bites an infected monkey, the mosquito can then give the disease to humans. So even if the entire population of the planet could somehow be vaccinated against yellow fever, its eradication could not be guaranteed. The disease could still be circulating among monkeys, and it could re-emerge if human immunity ever waned. (The discovery of an animal reservoir for yellow fever was in fact what derailed a yellow fever eradication effort in the early 1900s.) Smallpox, however, can infect only humans. In effect, aside from the human population, it has nowhere to hide. Equally important is the ability to protect individuals against infection. People who survived smallpox naturally developed lifelong immunity against future infection. For everyone else, vaccination was highly effective. WHO trained vaccinators quickly, and they could immunize large groups of people in a short time. The eradication of smallpox raised hopes that the same could be accomplished for other diseases, with many named as possibilities: polio, mumps, and dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), among others. Malaria has also been considered, and its incidence has been reduced drastically in many countries. It presents a challenge to the traditional idea of eradication, however, in that having malaria does not result in lifelong immunity against it (as smallpox and many other diseases do). It is possible to fall ill with malaria many times, although individuals may develop partial immunity after multiple attacks. In addition, although promising steps have been made, no effective malaria vaccine yet exists. Other diseases present additional challenges. Polio, though it has been reduced or eliminated in many countries through widespread vaccination, still circulates in some areas because (among other reasons) many cases do not present easily recognizable symptoms. As a result, an infected person can remain unnoticed, yet still spread the virus to others. Measles is problematic in a similar way: although the disease results in a highly visible rash, a significant period of time elapses between exposure to the virus and the development of the rash. Patients become contagious before the


Shirley Temple Black became US Ambassador to which African Country in 1974?

Shirley Temple: Actress, Ambassador, Honorary African Chief - The Atlantic The Atlantic Shirley Temple: Actress, Ambassador, Honorary African Chief The late child star represented America as nationalism swept Africa and the Iron Curtain fell. Shirley Temple Black arrives at the White House in 1998. Reuters Most Popular Print Text Size Many of us are familiar with the story of Shirley Temple, the child star . But how many of us know the story of Shirley Temple Black, the U.S. diplomat tasked with tracking down an elephant missing from the president's guest house? In October 1976, Black, who died on Monday at age 85, found herself in this very position. The iconic Depression-era actress had gotten involved in Republican politics after leaving show business, running unsuccessfully for Congress in California, acting as a UN delegate under Richard Nixon, and serving as the ambassador to Ghana under Gerald Ford. She had since become America's first female chief of protocol, and had the unenviable task of informing Ron Nessen, Ford's press secretary, that editors with the news agency UPI had wrecked the Blair House across from the White House during a party: I wish to report that it was a most unfortunate and unhappy night for the President's Guest House. Instead of 175 guests, there were 269. (They roamed all over the house with drinks, flopped on beds, many of the women took off their shoes and wandered around the halls.) I'm told that the catered food was terrible. The saddest matter of all is the loss of a small carved ivory elephant. It was a piece left by the Blairs at the house and valued at about $125. Ron we have had visitors stay there from all over the world and this is the first object from Blair House in its entire history to have been stolen. Nessen got the message. "As for the missing elephant, this just simply astounds me," he confessed. It was one of the more absurd moments in Black's second, lesser-known career as an American stateswoman. "I have had a longer career in diplomacy than in my entertainment career," Black noted in 1999, during a NASA-hosted online question-and-answer session (a kind of proto-Reddit AMA). She became interested in international affairs as a kid, she explained, when her teacher kept track of the foreigners coming by her studio and assigned her material on the visitors. ''Shirley Temple opens doors for Shirley Temple Black,'' she admitted. Black's diplomatic career really got off the ground in 1974, when President Ford dispatched her to Accra as America's ambassador to Ghana ("Africa has the raw materials and this is the time when we should try to keep countries from nationalizing," she advised Ford in an Oval Office meeting before her departure). Her early government appointments were controversial, with critics accusing the White House of awarding plum jobs to a valued GOP fundraiser with little diplomatic experience ( sound familiar? ). Even Henry Kissinger, her colleague, initially doubted her qualifications. The secretary of state once heard her discussing Namibia at a party and was "surprised that I even knew the word," according to Black's telling . "Dr. Kissinger was a former child. Jerry Ford was a former child. Even F.D.R. was a former child. I retired from the movies in 1949, and I'm still a former child," she remarked pointedly in 1975. Kissinger, for what it's worth, eventually came around, calling her "very intelligent, very tough-minded, very disciplined." Here's how the Palm Beach Daily News described Black's time in Ghana. You'll want to keep in mind that the article was written in 1976: [Ghanaians] beat their drums for the woman named Black, who wasn't black, but fell exuberantly into the the black African lifestyle. The ambassador ... wore African clothes, danced the country's torrid dances and let it be known that the working women were her 'sisters.' In Ghana, she was named an honorary African chief, as she proudly told the president during her swearing-in as chief of protocol. Fifteen years later, George H.W. Bush appointed Black ambassador to Czechoslovakia duri


Which word is used, familiarly, by an Australian for 'food'?

Translations of Australian English words into American English - Fiona Lake Translations — Australian into American & other versions of the English language Got Any Words To Add? It is very difficult to obtain accurate information on specific agricultural words (particularly in languages written in unfamiliar scripts). Please let me know if you have any suggested additions and corrections. Send translation info » Translations — Australian into English spoken in other countries This page lists translations for some of the ordinary words used in Australia that differ from English spoken in other countries, in particular, America. For other-language translations of Australian outback and agricultural words, refer to the rural pages , and for explanations of the meaning of Australian outback words (and a good laugh - many are very witty), refer to the photo captions in the books "Biggest Mobs - Longest Shadows", "Life as an Australian Horseman" & "A Million Acre Masterpiece".  The latter book also includes an 8 page glossary. The basic words used in the countries that have English as a first language (in particular Australia, New Zealand, England, Canada and America) are mostly the same or similar enough not to impede understanding between these countries, however there are a vast number of words and expressions that are unique to each country. And some of these differences do cause misunderstandings. Just as there are also many differences between the Portuguese spoken in the original 'mother country' of Portugal, and Brazil; and many differences between the Castilian Spanish spoken in Spain and other Spanish (Castellano)- speaking countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Chile and other South American countries. Australian English has more in common with British English, and New Zealand English, than American and Canadian English. Below are a few of the most common differences in words and expressions used in everyday language, along with spelling differences. Some may consider some of the Australian words below to be 'slang', however most are used commonly enough to be considered part of mainstream Australian English. Bear in mind there are also regional and demographic language differences within Australia and the context and tone used when expressing a word, can change it's meaning. Australians are fond of laughing ourselves; whether a term is meant to be an insult or not is often determined by the context and tone used.  The Australian dry sense of humour is more like the English and New Zealand sense of humour, and can cause misunderstandings with other nationalities. There are many words that are different, so I have concentrated on the most common words - and ones in Australia which are being replaced by American words, due to the advertising of American products here, film and television viewing, and social media. Words that have an agricultural connection are found on the other translation pages. Why have I written a page of translations of ordinary Australian words? I've got sick of coming across websites containing the two common but misleading and inaccurate options. The first type is lists written by visiting uni-students, who only have contact with a very narrow sector of Australian society (i.e. other uni students - people of a certain age group, same education level and relatively homogeneous background). These lists tend to veer between whatever is the latest fashion, and corny slang Australian students have taught the visitors for a laugh. The second commonly produced list of Australian-American translations is produced by other urban dwellers, usually academics, who have a view of Australian language that is also very narrow - based on a thorough understanding of language used in southern capital cities, amongst the people they know (i.e. people living in similar suburbs, with similar education levels and backgrounds, in similar occupations and income levels); but a very shallow knowledge or language used in regional and rural areas; in particular northern inland Australia. (And, I suspect, a very poor under


Vladimir Lenin - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com A+E Networks Introduction Born Vladimir Ilich Ulanov in 1870, Lenin was the founder of the Russian Communist Party, leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, and the architect, builder, and first head of the Soviet Union.Lenin spent the years leading up to the 1917 revolution in exile, within Russia and abroad. TheBolshevik’s quickly consolidated power; privatizing all aspects of the Soviet economy, cracking down on dissent through the Cheka, or secret police and instituting the Red Terror, aimed at destroying monarchist and anti-Bolshevik symapthizersduring the Russian Civil War.Despite a series of strokes in his final years, Lenin attempted to shape the future of the Soviet Union, warning against the unchecked power of party members, including Joseph Stalin. His warnings went unheeded, and Stalin emerged victorious fromthe protracted power struggle following Lenin’s 1924 death. Google Early Years Widely considered one of the most influential and controversial political figures of the 20th century, Vladimir Lenin engineered the Bolshevik revolution in Russia in 1917 and later took over as the first leader of the newly formed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). He was born Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov on April 10, 1870, in Simbirsk, which was later renamed Ulyanovsk in his honor. He later adopted the last name Lenin in 1901 while doing underground party work. His family was well-educated, and Lenin, the third of six children, was close to his parents and siblings. School was a central part of Lenin’s childhood. His parents, both educated and highly cultured, invoked a passion for learning in their children, especially Vladimir. A voracious reader, Lenin went on to finish first in his high school class, showing a particular gift for Latin and Greek. But not all of life was easy for Lenin and his family. Two situations in particular shaped his life. The first came when Lenin was a boy and his father, an inspector of schools, was threatened with early retirement by a suspicious government nervous about the influence public school had on Russian society. The more significant and more tragic situation came in 1887, when Lenin’s older brother, Aleksandr, a university student at the time, was arrested and executed for being a part of a group planning to assassinate Emperor Alexander III. With his father already dead, Lenin now became the man of the family. Aleksandr’s involvement in oppositional politics was not an isolated incident in Lenin’s family. In fact, all of Lenin’s siblings would take part to some degree in revolutionary activities. Young Revolutionary The year of his brother’s execution, Lenin enrolled at Kazan University to study law. His time there was cut short, however, when, during his first term, he was expelled for taking part in a student demonstration. Exiled to his grandfather’s estate in the village of Kokushkino, Lenin took up residence with his sister Anna, whom police had ordered to live there as a result of her own suspicious activities. There, Lenin immersed himself in a host of radical literature, including the novel What Is To Be Done? by Nikolai Chernyshevsky, which tells the tale of a character named Rakhmetov, who carries a single-minded devotion to revolutionary politics. Lenin also soaked up the writing of Karl Marx , the German philosopher whose famous book Das Kapital would have a huge impact on Lenin’s thinking. In January 1889, Lenin declared himself a Marxist. Eventually, Lenin received his law degree, finishing his schoolwork in 1892. He moved to the city of Samara, where his client base was largely composed of Russian peasants. Their struggles against what Lenin saw as a class-biased legal system only reinforced his Marxist beliefs. In time, Lenin focused more of his energy on revolutionary politics. He left Samara in the mid-1890s for a new life in St. Petersburg, the Russian capital atthe time. There, Lenin connected with other like-minded Marxists and began to take an increasingly active role in their activities. The work did not go unno


In the film 'Jason and the Argonauts', who played the title role?

Jason and the Argonauts Movie Review Review this title! What's the story? JASON AND THE ARGONAUTS recounts the Greek myth of Jason (Todd Armstrong), who is aided in his quest for the Golden Fleece by the Goddess Hera (Honor Blackman). Jason must overcome several obstacles before reaching his goal. Is it any good? QUALITY The myth of Jason's quest to find a magical golden fleece comes vividly to life in this 1963 classic. Although plodding at times and bereft of humor, the movie will enchant grade-school children with its Greek gods and stop-motion creatures. Worth seeing for one of Ray Harryhausen's best-remembered effects sequences, a climactic battle against sword-wielding skeletons. If you haven't seen this one since you were a kid, you won't recall Todd Armstrong's Jason, or that the goddess Hera was played by Honor Blackman, who garnered attention the following year as the villainess with the suggestive name in Goldfinger. You won't remember the spectacular temple ruins of Paestum, but you'll be able to envision the winged harpies that swooped through them, not to mention the seven-headed Hydra and the enormous bronze statue of Talos that comes to life. Before computers did a lot of this stuff, there were guys who built jointed models and spent months animating them by hand, frame by monotonous frame. Their creatures are the real stars of this picture. Though crude by today's standards, they have an enduring charm that will still excite kids today. Those willing to suffer through the first half hour's monster-less Greek plot development will find their patience more than rewarded by the climactic skeleton battle. Because the story revolves around Jason's quest for and subsequent pilfering of a magical Golden Fleece, parents may wish to reacquaint their children with the concept of stealing. While Jason isn't punished for his actions, Hercules is earlier on for robbing from the gods. That's a lesson no child will soon forget. Families can talk about... Families can talk about why stealing is wrong. They also may want to use it as jumping off point to talk about Greek myths. Perhaps it's time to start reading some of them together. Movie details


According to the Old Testament, who was the first person to have a 'navel'?

Evidence of Black Africans in the Bible | Grace Communion International Evidence of Black Africans in the Bible 1998, 2007 In 1992, I took a class at Emory University in Atlanta called Introduction to the Old Testament. As I read the various required textbooks for the course, I saw something I had not noticed before. Many Old Testament scholars, particularly European scholars of the 18th, 19th and early 20th century, had written their books and commentaries on the Old Testament from the perspective that there were no people of color mentioned in the Scriptures. Different nationalities depicted in tomb of Ramses III: Libyan, Nubian, Syrian, Bedouin, Hittite Puzzled, I began to look into the topic more deeply. I studied intensively for about a year, attending lectures and interviewing scholars. I began to realize that this was a particularly difficult and controversial subject, and it has caused much hurt. Thankfully, times have changed, but some of the wounds remain. So let’s look at it, and put to rest once and for all this biased and unfair distortion of the Bible. Video Interview: The Office of Reconciliation & Mediation Let me apologize in advance for some of the terms that I will need to use as we discuss this topic. They are not the terms we would prefer today, but they are terms that historians, ethnologists and Bible commentators of past centuries, and even the 20th century, have employed to explain their ideas about the origin of blacks. These ideas, steeped in racial prejudice, were alleged to provide a biblical justification for black slavery and the subjugation of black peoples. When I first read about these concepts, they brought tears to my eyes. As a white person in a predominantly white country, I also began to gain a better understanding of and a greater appreciation for the black experience in the United States. Is the Bible a book by a white God for white people? Of course not. God is spirit and does not have "color" in our human and earthly sense. There is nothing in the Scriptures to indicate that people are excluded from God’s saving grace on the basis of ethnic origin or skin color. God is "not wanting anyone to perish" (2 Peter 3:9). Jesus is the Savior of all peoples. Nevertheless, it is a fact that the majority of European artists and Bible commentators painted and described all biblical characters, including God, as white. This had the effect of excluding blacks from being a part of Scripture and has led some people of color to question the Bible’s relevance to them. Exclusion was only one side of the problem. Where the presence of blacks in the Bible was admitted, primarily among uneducated whites, outrageous myths and fables abounded. This was especially true among white Christians living in the southeastern United States prior to the Civil War. These denigrating tales were believed to support the racist (and unbiblical) notion that the Bible supported a white subjugation of black people. What do we mean by "black"? There are several difficulties surrounding any discussion of this sensitive topic. Some are obvious; others are less so. Not least is the question, what do we mean by "black" people? In America today, we mean African-Americans — those with African ancestry and dark skin color. But is that how the people who lived when the books of the Bible were written would have thought? There are differences between ancient and modern concepts of what "black" means when it is applied to people. For example, in the table of nations in Genesis 10, the word used to describe the people descended from Ham in the ancient Hebrew, Akkadian and Sumerian languages is related to the color black. But what does this mean? Our traditional understanding of the Old Testament is influenced by the ancient rabbinic method of interpretation known as Midrash. These interpretations sometimes take precedence over the literal meaning of the text being interpreted. They also belong to another time with other socio-economic conditions and concerns. When ancient rabbinic literature mentions black people, does it mean ethn


Which was the first novel written by Charles Dickens?

The Top 10 Charles Dickens Books The Top 10 Charles Dickens Books By Robert Gottlieb         | Nov 30, 2012 Great Expectations: The Sons and Daughters of Charles Dickens is an outstanding biography of the writer with an eye toward his children, including the scandalous possible existence of an 11th child, born to Dickens's mistress. Robert Gottlieb, former Knopf editor, New Yorker editor, and lifelong Dickens reader, gives us the 10 best books from the master. For more on the book, check out our Q&A with Gottlieb . Charles Dickens left us fifteen novels, and in an ideal world everyone would read all of them. (Well, maybe not – Barnaby Rudge is a tired and tiresome historical novel that the young Dickens kept putting off writing until contractual obligations forced him to finish it.) His first published book was Sketches by Boz – a collection of short pieces that brought him considerable attention. By the time he was finished with his second book – The Pickwick Papers, serialized between March, 1836 and October, 1837 – he was, at twenty-five, the best-known writer in England, and such he remained until his death, at fifty-eight, in 1870. The energy, the fun, the power, the compassion of his work is unmatched in English literature, with the obvious. How do you rate works of genius? Partly by personal inclination, partly by accepted wisdom, partly by popularity. Perhaps his most widely known works are A Christmas Carol and A Tale of Two Cities, and both are wonderful, but they don’t make my own top ten list. Instead: 1. Great Expectations - With its thrilling story that is also a profound look at the moral education of a boy who has been persecuted and deceived but whose essential goodness of heart eventually rescues him from snobbery and delusion. Everything is in harmony in this almost perfect novel: the character of Pip himself, and his interaction with the immense figures of the convict Magwitch, the embittered and half-mad Miss Havisham, and the beautiful, cold Estella. This is Dickens’s most finely crafted book, and his most moving. 2. Our Mutual Friend - His final complete novel, with its vast panoply of characters, its emotional generosity, its violent drama, its rich humor – and its author’s most likeable (because imperfect) heroine, Bella Wilfer. I’ve actually read this book aloud twice, and still find it irresistible. 3. David Copperfield - Of course – the book closest to Dickens’s heart (it’s not by accident that the hero’s initials reverse Dickens’s own). The first-person narrative sweeps you along, and the characters -- from the wicked Murdstones and conniving Uriah Heep to the warm-hearted if feckless Micawbers, from Aunt Betsey Trotwood, Little Em’ly, and Steerforth, her seducer and betrayer, to the stout-hearted Peggoty and the silly lovable Dora, whom David marries – are indelibly printed on our literary consciousness. (Among its greatest admirers: Tolstoy, Kafka, and Virginal Woolf.) 4. Bleak House - With its vastly complicated plot and its immense cast of characters swirling around the case of Jarndyce vs. Jarndyce that has been grinding away in the Court of Chancery for decades, Bleak House is for many readers Dickens’s greatest novel. An assault on the legal system, a satire on foolish philanthropy, a gripping melodrama, and an interesting use of point of view (told in both the third and first persons), it is a perpetual fascination. 5. Little Dorrit - In some ways Dickens’s most personal if not autobiographical novel, it has an autumnal quality, given its aging hero and quiet, staunch heroine. Its central characters not only prevail but mature, and its situations – even its comedy – resonate for its readers in countless affecting ways. 6. Oliver Twist - With its larger-than-life villainies and its endless excitements, is the perfect book to begin with. Who will ever forget the supremely wicked Fagin who co-opts homeless boys into a life of crime, the murderous Bill Sikes, the brave young Oliver himself, however idealized? No wonder it had such an immense triumph as successor to the benign and


In which 1950s TV series was the leading character's name Peter Brady?

H.G.Wells' Invisible Man (TV Series 1958–1960) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Invisible Man (original title) 30min British scientist Peter Brady, while working on an invisibility formula, suffers a tragic accident which turns himself invisible. Unfortunately, there is no antidote, so, while working on a... See full summary  » Stars: A gangster forces one of Peter's staff to developed a mathematical system to win at the roulette table. 9.0 Diane becomes convinced that the inner-lining of an airplane passenger's fur coat is being used for smuggling purposes. 8.5 When an airline pilot is framed for drug smuggling, a killer comes to his home to silence him... and the pilot's blind wife is the only witness. 7.7 a list of 18 titles created 23 Jan 2013 a list of 197 titles created 03 Feb 2013 a list of 204 titles created 29 Oct 2015 a list of 69 titles created 7 months ago a list of 208 titles created 6 months ago Title: H.G.Wells' Invisible Man (1958–1960) 7.5/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. The weekly adventures of Dr. Daniel Westin, an invisible scientist working as an agent for a private thinktank. Stars: David McCallum, Melinda O. Fee, Craig Stevens The owner of a coal mining operation, falsely imprisoned for fratricide, takes a drug to make him invisible, despite its side effect: gradual madness. Director: Joe May Afraid to love or trust anyone, a man learns the true meaning of forgiveness. Follow his compelling journey of faith, love, healing, and recovery as he reaches his dreams. Director: Jessie McCullough The cases of a master criminal defense attorney, handling the most difficult of cases in the aid of the innocent. Stars: Raymond Burr, Barbara Hale, William Hopper A thief and conman is given the means to become invisible, and ends up working for a government agency. Stars: Vincent Ventresca, Paul Ben-Victor, Shannon Kenny One of only two survivors from a Martian expedition is so traumatized she doesn't remember the circumstances of the trip. Director: Ib Melchior The Invisible Man (TV Mini-Series 1984) Drama | Sci-Fi Adapted from the classic novel by H.G. Wells, this six-part serial dramatizes the story of a mad scientist who makes himself invisible and terrorizes everyone. Stars: Pip Donaghy, David Gwillim, Gerald James The adventures of Ben Cartwright and his sons as they run and defend their ranch while helping the surrounding community. Stars: Lorne Greene, Michael Landon, Dan Blocker A scientist finds a way of becoming invisible, but in doing so, he becomes murderously insane. Director: James Whale The globe-trotting adventures of amateur detectives Jonathan and Jennifer Hart. Stars: Robert Wagner, Stefanie Powers, Lionel Stander A budding young scientist lad is caught by his mom checking out the lady across the way with his telescope, whereupon she lectures him on the evils of women. Twenty years later and all ... See full summary  » Director: Adam Rifkin Tales of horror based on the gruesome E.C. comic books of the 1950s. Stars: John Kassir, Roy Brocksmith, Miguel Ferrer Edit Storyline British scientist Peter Brady, while working on an invisibility formula, suffers a tragic accident which turns himself invisible. Unfortunately, there is no antidote, so, while working on a method to regain his visibility, he undertakes missions for his government stopping bad guys. Written by Marty McKee <mmckee@wkio.com> 14 September 1958 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Did You Know? Goofs In the opening episode, the characters of Diane and Sally are said to be Dr. Peter Brady's widowed sister and her daughter. But later segments refer to them as having the same surname as the brother/uncle, Brady, rather than that of the late husband/father, as if "Dee" is his widowed sister-in-law. See more » Quotes [first li