What is another name for the bird usually called the shrike?

Birds of Australia Blog Birds             of             Australia Australia - land              of parrots and honeyeaters, home to              bowerbirds, megapodes and birds of              paradise,              and              the possible birthplace of all the world's               songbirds . Lyrebirds, emus and apostle birds are uniquely              Australian Most              of              the world's cockatoos are Australian, and no              continent other than South              America has more parrots. Most              of              our              songbirds belong to families not found on              other continents - despite              inappropriate names such as 'robin',              'magpie'  and 'wren' being              bestowed upon them by homesick settlers in the              early              days of white colonisation. There             are             so             many             species             in             Australia we cannot do justice to them             here, but here is  a sample, with links to             further information General          information on Australian birds Links           to books and           further information What is a bird? From         ducks to eagles, from         emus to finches, from frogmouths to penguins, birds         comprise a         marvellous assortment  of creatures, but they         all  have some         features in common. A bird is a         vertebrate animal that shares the following features         with other         vertebrates: all           vertebrates - nerve chord extending from the brain           down the back,           surrounded by segmented bone or cartilage (includes,           fish, amphibians,           reptiles, birds and mammals), and relatively large           brain compared to           other animal groups similar           to           most vertebrates other than fish in having four           limbs - but different           from most in walking on the hind limbs, the           forelimbs modified into           wings similar           to           most fish, amphibians and reptiles in laying eggs -           although some fish           and some reptiles do not do so,  ALL            species            of            birds            reproduce            by            eggs similar           to           mammals, reptiles and adult amphibians in breathing           with lungs similar           to           mammals in their ability to regulate body           temperature (including brain           temperature, which is a major reason birds and           mammals tend to be the           most 'intelligent' of animals - however           'intelligence' is defined) They         differ from all         other animals in having feathers. All walk on hind legs(although some, like swifts, do         very little         walking) No present day birds have teeth, but some prehistoric         birds such as Archaeopteryx did back           to top of page Birds          that landscape          our countryside Many         birds         eat         native fruits. Some crunch and digest the seeds, others         just dige


With reference to American cattle, what is the name of a motherless or stray calf?

Dogie - definition of dogie by The Free Dictionary Dogie - definition of dogie by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dogie also do·gy  (dō′gē) n. pl. do·gies Western US A stray or motherless calf. [Origin unknown.] Word History: In the language of the American West, a stray or motherless calf is known as a dogie. The origin of this word remains uncertain, but Ramon F. Adams, the author of numerous works on western Americana and a cowboy himself, offered one possible etymology for dogie in his book Western Words. During the 1880s, when a series of harsh winters left large numbers of orphaned calves, the little calves, weaned too early, were unable to digest coarse range grass, and their swollen bellies "very much resembled a batch of sourdough carried in a sack." Such a calf was referred to as dough-guts. The term, altered to dogie according to Adams, "has been used ever since throughout cattleland to refer to a pot-gutted orphan calf." Another possibility is that dogie is an alteration of Spanish dogal, "lariat." Still another is that it is simply a variant pronunciation of doggie. dogie


Which county won crickets county championship 6 times in the 1960's?

Yorkshire County Cricket Club Honours - The Club - Yorkshire County Cricket Club Yorkshire County Cricket Club Honours County Champions (34) 1867, 1870, 1893, 1896, 1898, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1905, 1908, 1912, 1919, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1946, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1967, 1968, 2001, 2014, 2015. Joint Champions (2) Benson & Hedges Cup Winners (1) 1987 John Player Special League Winners (1) 1983 Yorkshire, Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy winners, 2002 Yorkshire’s 32 County Championships have come mostly during four decades: THE 1900s Yorkshire won the title four times. The side, led by Hawke, included great players such as George Hirst, David Denton – who scored 2,000 runs in a season four times – and Wilfred Rhodes – who took 3,598 wickets for the County. Yorkshire were also Championship runners-up four times – in 1904, 1906, 1907 and 1909, and they were third in 1903. George Herbert Hirst THE 1920s The Championship was won four times during this decade also. The great players in this side were the openers – Herbert Sutcliffe and Percy Holmes, who still hold the record for the highest opening stand of 555 against Essex. Left-arm spinner Wilfred Rhodes was still playing, as was George Macaulay, who took 100 Championship wickets in a season 10 times. Percy Holmes (left) and Herbert Sutcliffe after their 555 opening partnership against Essex. THE 1930s Many of the side from the 1920s helped Yorkshire to their most successful era, in which they were Champions seven times – missing out only in: 1930(3rd) 1934(5th) and 1936(3rd). Along with Sutcliffe and Rhodes from the 1920s, other players were dominant during the 1930s: Hedley Verity, another great left-arm spinner; Bill Bowes, an international opening bowler, and Len Hutton, one of the greatest batsmen ever to play cricket. Hedley Verity took 10 for 10 in an innings against Nottinghamshire at Headingley, 1932 and 10 for 36 against Warwickshire at Headingley 1931 Hedley Verity THE 1960s Yorkshire won the Championship six times – twice under the leadership of Vic Wilson and four (from 1963) under Brian Close. That team included England fast bowler Fred Trueman, who took 307 Test wickets; all-rounder Ray Illingworth, who captained England in 31 Test, and opening batsmen Geoffrey Boycott. Yorkshire dominated Championship cricket in the 1960s. Newsletter Sign up


Who is reputed to have said, 'Today, I have gazed on the face of Agamemnon'?; after discoveries at Mycenae?

Behind the Mask of Agamemnon - Archaeology Magazine Archive Behind the Mask of Agamemnon Volume 52 Number 4, July/August 1999 by Spencer P.M. Harrington "I have opened up a new world for archaeology," said Heinrich Schliemann after his 1871-1873 excavation of Troy. Schliemann was speaking the truth; the businessman-turned-archaeologist had shown that Homer's epics may have been based in fact. Schliemann next turned his attention to Mycenae, where the ancient geographer Pausanias had located the grave of Agamemnon, the leader of the Greek assault on Troy, and his fellow soldiers. Unlike previous scholars, Schliemann interpreted Pausanias as meaning the Homeric graves were within the walls of the late Bronze Age citadel, not outside. Tests Schliemann conducted in 1874 inside the wall revealed house walls, a tombstone, and terra-cotta artifacts--promising evidence for a future investigation. Two years later, between August and December, he excavated at Mycenae on behalf of the Greek Archaeological Society, which held the excavation permit. His work was supervised by Panagiotis Stamatakis, a conscientious Greek archaeologist who often accused Schliemann of destroying classical antiquities in his quest for Homeric remains. Schliemann's workmen soon exposed stelae marking the perimeter of a grave circle 90 feet across just within the citadel's gate. By the end of August the first of five late Bronze Age shaft graves was found within it. This grave circle became known as grave circle A, its five tombs indicated with Roman numerals. A second grave circle, known as B, was found by Greek archaeologists outside the walls between 1951 and 1952. Its graves are labeled with Greek letters. While Schliemann's diary and newspaper and book accounts of the location and dates of his discoveries in the shaft graves are often vague and contradictory, it is clear that by the end of November he had excavated tombs containing the bodies of several Mycenaean chieftains, five of whom wore gold face masks. Elated, Schliemann sent a telegram to King George of Greece: With great joy I announce to Your Majesty that I have discovered the tombs which the tradition proclaimed by Pausanias indicates to be the graves of Agamemnon, Cassandra, Eurymedon and their companions, all slain at a banquet by Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthos. Though the graves were later shown to be at least 300 years earlier than the conjectured date of the Trojan War, for a time it appeared as though Schliemann had once again laid bare the Homeric world. Of all the masks discovered at the site, the Mask of Agamemnon from grave V is the most famous. "I have gazed on the face of Agamemnon," Schliemann is said to have telegrammed a Greek newspaper on first seeing the mask. In fact, he himself never identified it as belonging to Agamemnon, but since it was the finest of the specimens it became associated with the hero. Nor did Schliemann ever note in writing the obvious stylistic differences--facial hair, ears cut out from the body of the mask--that set it apart from the others. In any case, the masks and gold jewelry Schliemann found at Mycenae brought him world fame; he was henceforth known as the Father of Mycenaean Archaeology. Nearly 30 years ago, William M. Calder III, now a professor of classics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, began to question the veracity of the claims in Schliemann's autobiographical writings. An award-winning author and editor of numerous books on nineteenth-century classical studies, Calder demonstrated that Schliemann had a penchant for self-mythologization. Stories he told about himself--his desire from the age of eight to excavate Troy, his 1851 White House meeting with President Millard Fillmore, his discovery of a bust of Cleopatra at Alexandria--were patently untrue. Calder also questioned the authenticity of the Mask of Agamemnon. "I've learned to doubt everything Schliemann said unless there is independent confirmation," said Calder. While his revisionist scholarship has been criticized by some (Machteld Mellink, a former pre


Whom did St.Paul describe as 'his beloved physician'?

Colossians 4:14 Commentaries: Luke, the beloved physician, sends you his greetings, and also Demas. Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers (14) Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas.—Comp. Philemon 1:24 . The original is even more emphatic, “Luke the physician, the beloved one.” Demas, on the contrary, is barely named. It is impossible not to pass on in thought to the last notice of the two by St. Paul ( 2Timothy 4:10 ), “Demas hath forsaken me, having loved this present world. . . . only Luke is with me.” On the relation of St. Luke to St. Paul, see Introduction to the Acts. Here we need only remark that the emphatic mention of him as “the beloved physician” suggests the idea that it was both as physician and as friend that St. Luke, now, as in the last captivity, was with the Apostle. Though the captivity was not, according to ancient ideas, severe, it must have told upon his weak and shattered health. Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary 4:10-18 Paul had differed with Barnabas, on the account of this Mark, yet he is not only reconciled, but recommends him to the churches; an example of a truly Christian and forgiving spirit. If men have been guilty of a fault, it must not always be remembered against them. We must forget as well as forgive. The apostle had comfort in the communion of saints and ministers. One is his fellow-servant, another his fellow-prisoner, and all his fellow-workers, working out their own salvation, and endeavouring to promote the salvation of others. The effectual, fervent prayer is the prevailing prayer, and availeth much. The smiles, flatteries, or frowns of the world, the spirit of error, or the working of self-love, leads many to a way of preaching and living which comes far short of fulfilling their ministry. But those who preach the same doctrine as Paul, and follow his example, may expect the Divine favour and blessing. Barnes' Notes on the Bible Luke, the beloved physician - This was undoubtedly the author of the Gospel which bears his name, and of the Acts of the Apostles. He is mentioned as the traveling companion of Paul in Acts 17:10 , and appears to have accompanied him afterward until his imprisonment at Rome see 2 Timothy 4:11 . From Colossians 4:11 , it is evident that he was not by birth a Jew, but was probably a proselyte. He is supposed to have been a native of Cyrene, and to have died in Achaia, soon after the martyrdom of Paul, at the advanced age of 84. See Rob. Cal. Art. Luke. He is here mentioned as a physician, and in his Gospel, and in the Acts , there are incidental evidences that he was acquainted with the science of medicine, and that he observed the events which he has recorded with the eye of one who practiced the healing art. It is easy to imagine that the presence of a physician might have been of important service to the apostle Paul in his travels; and that his acquaintance with the art of healing may have aided not a little in the furtherance of the gospel. The miraculous power of healing, possessed by the Saviour and his apostles, contributed much to the success of their preaching; for the power of alleviating pain of body - of restoring to health by miracles, would not only be an evidence of the divine origin of their mission - a credential that they were sent from God, but would dispose those who had received such important benefits to listen attentively to the message of salvation. One of the best qualifications in missionaries in modern times, in order to gain access to the pagan, is an acquaintance with the healing art. And Demas - Demas is mentioned in two other places, Plm 1:24, and 2 Timothy 4:10 . He is here spoken of with commendation as one in whom the apostle had confidence. Afterwards, when troubles thickened, he was not found proof to the trials which threatened him in Rome, and forsook the apostle and went to Thessalonica. He did this under the influence of the "love of this present world," or of life, evidently unwilling to lay down his life in the cause for which Paul suffered; see the notes at 2 Timothy 4:10 . His departure, and that of the


In 1889, who painted the picture 'Starry Night'?

MoMA | Vincent van Gogh. The Starry Night. 1889 See this work in MoMA’s Online Collection Vincent van Gogh: Emotion, Vision, and A Singular Style Mention Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853–1890) and one of the first things likely to come to many people’s minds is the fact that he cut off his own ear. This stark act, committed in 1888, marked the beginning of the depression that would plague him until the end of his life. But to know van Gogh is to get past the caricature of the tortured, misunderstood artist and to become acquainted instead with the hardworking, deeply religious, and difficult man. Van Gogh found his place in art and produced emotional, visually arresting paintings over the course of a career that lasted only a decade. Largely self-taught, van Gogh produced more than 2,000 oil paintings, watercolors , drawings , and sketches , which became in demand only after his death. He also wrote scores of letters, especially to his brother Theo, in which he worked out his thoughts about art. “Always continue walking a lot and loving nature, for that’s the real way to learn to understand art better and better,” he wrote in 1874. “ Painters understand nature and love it, and teach us to see.”1 It was nature, and the people living closely to it, that first stirred van Gogh’s artistic inclinations. In this he was not alone. Landscapes remained a popular subject in late-nineteenth-century art. Driven in part by their dissatisfaction with the modern city, many artists sought out places resembling earthly paradises, where they could observe nature firsthand, feeding its psychological and spiritual resonances into their work. Van Gogh was particularly taken with the peasants he saw working the countryside; his early compositions featured portraits of Dutch peasants and rural landscapes, rendered in dark, moody tones . In 1886, van Gogh moved to Paris, where he encountered the works of the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists , and the Pointillist compositions of Georges Seurat. Inspired by these artists’ harmonious matching of colors , shorter brushstrokes, and liberal use of paint , he brightened his own palette and loosened his brushwork , emphasizing the physical application of paint on the canvas. The style he developed in Paris and carried through to the end of his life became known as Post-Impressionism , a term encompassing works made by artists unified by their interest in expressing their emotional and psychological responses to the world through bold colors and expressive , often symbolic images . In a letter to his sister Willemien, touching upon the mind and temperament of artists, van Gogh once wrote that he was “very sensitive to color and its particular language, its effects of complementaries , contrasts, harmony.”2 By 1888, van Gogh had returned to the French countryside, where he would remain until his death. There, close once again to the peasants who had inspired him early on, he concentrated on painting landscapes, portraits (of himself and others), domestic interiors, and still lifes full of personal symbolism. Observation and Imagination in The Starry Night (1889) “This morning I saw the countryside from my window a long time before sunrise, with nothing but the morning star, which looked very big,” wrote van Gogh to his brother Theo, describing his inspiration for one of his best-known paintings, The Starry Night (1889).3 The window to which he refers was in the Saint-Paul asylum in Saint-Rémy, in southern France, where he sought respite from his emotional suffering while continuing to make art. This mid-scale, oil-on- canvas painting is dominated by a moon- and star-filled night sky. It takes up three-quarters of the picture plane and appears turbulent, even agitated, with intensely swirling patterns that seem to roll across its surface like waves. It is pocked with bright orbs—including the crescent moon to the far right, and Venus, the morning star, to the left of center—surrounded by concentric circles of radiant white and yellow light. Beneath this expressive sky sits a hushed village of humble hou


Backround on 1783 - The Cotton Gin The Cotton Gin Sources What happened in 1783 In 1783 Eli Whitney began the blue print for an early Cotton Gin but it wasn't until early 1784 that The Cotton Gin was actually used.To provide an idea of this time in history here is a list of events that occurred around 1783. Jan 14th  - Congress ratifies peace treaty between US & England Jan 20th  - Hostilities cease in Revolutionary War Feb 1st  - William Herschel announces star Lambda Herculis as apex Feb 3rd  - Spain recognizes US independence Feb 4th  - Worst quake in 8 years kills some 50,000 (Calabria, Italy) Feb 5th  - Earthquakes ravage Calabria, killing 30,and sweden reconizes US independence Mar 5th  - King Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski grants rights to Jews of Kovno Mar 15th  - In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful and the threatened coup d'etat never takes place. Apr 3rd  - Sweden & US sign a treaty of Amity & Commerce Apr 8th  - Catharina II of Russia annexes the Krim Apr 9th  - Tippu Sahib drives out English from Bednore India Apr 18th  - Fighting ceases in the American Revolution, eight years to the day since it began. May 4th  - Herschel reports seeing a red glow near lunar crater Aristarchus May 18th  - First United Empire Loyalists reach Parrtown, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada after leaving the United States. May 30th  - Benjamin Tower of Phila publishes 1st daily newspaper in US Jun 4th  - Montgolfier brothers launch 1st hot-air balloon (unmanned) Jun 5th  - Joseph & Jacques Montgolfier make 1st public balloon flight Jun 8th  - Laki Volcano in southern Iceland begins 8-month eruption First US President George Washington Jul 15th  - 1st steamboat, Pyroscaphe, 1st run in France Jul 24th  - Georgia becomes a protectorate of tsarist Russia Jul 29th  - Skaptar Volcano on Iceland erupts killing about 9,000 Aug 27th  - 1st hydrogen balloon flight (unmanned); reaches 900 m altitude Sep 3rd  - Treaty of Paris signed (ending US Revolutionary War) Sep 26th  - Fayette County, Pennsylvania created Oct 6th  - Benjamin Hanks patents self-winding clock Oct 15th  - Jean Pilstre de Rozier makes captive-balloon ascent Nov 1st  - Continental Army dissolved; George Washington's "Farewell Address" Nov 2nd  - General George Washington, later 1st American President, bids farewell to his army after the American Revolutionary War Nov 3rd  - Washington orders Continental Army disbanded and John Austin, a highwayman, is the last to be publicly hanged at London's Tyburn gallows. Nov 4th  - W.A. Mozart's Symphony No. 36 is premiered in Linz, Austria. Nov 21st  - Pilstre de Rozier & Marquis d'Arlandes make 1st free balloon flight Nov 23rd  - Annapolis Maryland, becomes US capital (until June 1784) Classical music prodigy Mozart Nov 25th  - Britain evacuates NYC, their last military position in US Dec 1st  - Jacques Charles & Nicolas Roberts make first untethered ascension with gas hydrogen balloon in Paris Dec 4th  - Gen Washington bids officers farewell at Fraunce's Tavern, NYC Dec 7th  - Theatre Royal opens in Covent Garden, Lon and William Pitt Jr (24) becomes British Premier Dec 9th  - 1st execution at English Newgate-jail Dec 18th  - English king George III fires government of Portland Dec 19th  - English government of Pitt Jr forms Dec 23rd  - General George Washington resigns his military commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Army to Congress Dec 31st  - Import of African slaves banned by all of the Northern states Create a free website


In which war did the Battle of Ramillies take place?

Battle of Ramillies | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia 3rd Barcelona The Battle of Ramillies / ˈ r æ m ɪ l iː z / , fought on 23 May 1706, was a major engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession . For the Grand Alliance – Austria, England, and the Dutch Republic – the battle had followed an indecisive campaign against the Bourbon armies of King Louis XIV of France in 1705. Although the Allies had captured Barcelona that year, they had been forced to abandon their campaign on the Moselle, had stalled in the Spanish Netherlands , and suffered defeat in northern Italy. Yet despite his opponents' setbacks Louis XIV was desirous of peace – but he wanted it on reasonable terms. For this end, and in order to maintain their momentum, the French and their allies would swing over to the offensive in 1706. The campaign began well for Louis XIV's generals: in Italy Marshal Vendôme had defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Calcinato in April, while in Alsace Marshal Villars had forced the Margrave of Baden back across the Rhine. Encouraged by these early gains Louis XIV urged Marshal Villeroi to go over to the offensive in the Spanish Netherlands and, with victory, gain a 'fair' peace. Accordingly, the French Marshal set off from Leuven (Louvain) at the head of 60,000 men and marched towards Tirlemont , as if to threaten Zoutleeuw (Léau). Also determined to fight a major engagement, the Duke of Marlborough , commander-in-chief of Anglo-Dutch forces, assembled his army – some 62,000 men – near Maastricht, and marched past Zoutleeuw. With both sides seeking battle, they soon stumbled upon one other on the dry ground between the Mehaigne and Petite Gheete rivers, close to the small village of Ramillies . In less than four hours Marlborough's Dutch , English, and Danish forces [4] overwhelmed Villeroi's and Max Emanuel 's Franco-Spanish-Bavarian army. The Duke's subtle moves and changes in emphasis during the battle – something his opponents failed to realise until it was too late – caught the French in a tactical vice. The battle proved decisive. With their foe broken and routed, the Allies were able to fully exploit their victory. Town after town subsequently fell, including Brussels, Bruges, Antwerp; by the end of the campaign Villeroi's army had been driven from most of the Spanish Netherlands. With Prince Eugene 's subsequent success at the Battle of Turin in northern Italy, the Allies had imposed the greatest loss of territory and resources that Louis XIV would suffer during the war. The year 1706 had indeed proved to be the Allies' annus mirabilis . Contents Edit After their disastrous defeat at Blenheim in 1704, the next year brought France some respite. The Duke of Marlborough had intended the 1705 campaign – an invasion of France through the Moselle valley – to complete the work of Blenheim and persuade King Louis XIV to make peace, but the plan had been thwarted by both friend and foe alike. [5] The reluctance of his Dutch allies to see their frontiers denuded of troops for another gamble in Germany had denied Marlborough the initiative, [5] but of far greater importance was the Margrave of Baden ’s pronouncement that he could not join the Duke in strength for the coming offensive. This was in part due to the sudden switching of troops from the Rhine to reinforce Prince Eugene in Italy, and part due to the deterioration of Baden’s health brought on by the re-opening of a severe foot wound he had received at the storming of the Schellenberg the previous year. [6] Moreover, Marlborough had to cope with the death of Emperor Leopold I in May and the accession of Joseph I , which unavoidably complicated matters for the Grand Alliance. [6] The resilience of the French King, and the efforts of his generals, also added to Marlborough’s problems. [7] Marshal Villeroi , exerting considerable pressure on the Dutch commander, Count Overkirk , along the Meuse, took Huy on 10 June before pressing on towards Liège. With Marshal Villars sitting strong on the Moselle, the Allied commander – whose supplies had by now become critic


On which island is the children's' TV programme Balamory set?

Balamory Tobermory Isle of Mull » Attractions » Children’s Activities » Balamory Balamory Tobermory with it’s colourful waterfront was chosen by the BBC as the location of the popular children’s television series Balamory. The houses are situated in Tobermory apart from Archie’s Castle which is now a hotel called Fenton Tower in North Berwick and the Nursery shots were taken in Glasgow. Please note that Josie Jump’s House is a small Hotel called Park Lodge but the other accommodations are all private. It is not possible to look around any of the properties but most residents are happy for the children to be photographed outside their houses. Please be aware that Balamory ceased being filmed in Tobermory many years ago now, but repeats are shown regularly on BBC television. Tobermory, on the Isle of Mull was selected for the Children’s T.V programme Balamory, because of its beautiful location, and, more importantly, its multi-coloured houses. The theme of the programme was based around what happens in and around each coloured house. Balamory was shown on ‘CBeebies’ and BBC1 and is probably famous for being one of the most popular educational children’s television programmes of all time. Most of the filming was done here in Tobermory, with the help of our own Nursery group, fire crew, local attractions and businesses. One of the main attractions used for the filming (second series) was Mull Narrow Gauge Railway. The railway was not in Tobermory itself, but near to the ferry at Craignure, and ran between the ferry and Torosay Castle.  Sadly, the railway has closed down but it is still possible to walk along the old line. Translate:


What is the capital of the Middle Eastern emirate, Qatar?

Why UAE And Qatar Have The 'World's Best' Airlines Why UAE And Qatar Have The 'World's Best' Airlines {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Full Bio The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. Loading ... Loading ... This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe On a business class flight from Rome to Boston, there is no leg rest. The seat does not recline all the way. There is no separation between the passengers.  The dinner is not bad, sort of like an Applebees. In the same class cabin on a trip from New York to Abu Dhabi, tiny lights illuminate the ceiling of an Etihad flight like stars. There's a leg rest. The seat reclines flat.  The dinner is Spago's.  My passport fell out of my front chest pocket while sleeping, wrapped in a thick blanket. A flight attendant proceeded to rip apart the entire seat until he found it, which he did, in about a minute. On a São Paulo bound Delta flight out of Boston in the rain, a missed connection means I'm sleeping on the floor in the airport because there's no room at the local Inn. Fair comparison? Industry experts think so. Check out any list of the world's leading airlines and you'll be hard pressed to find a U.S. carrier. Within the top 10 ranked by Skytrax , only one country has two airlines on the list: the United Arab Emirates and their flagship carrier Emirates Airlines flying out of Dubai and the smaller Etihad Airways based in Abu Dhabi. UAE's smaller neighbor, Qatar, is home to the No. 2 ranked airline Qatar Airways. It trails Emirates at No. 1. Etihad is ranked No. 7. The closest thing to an American carrier on the list is out of Toronto. By just about every estimate, these three Persian Gulf carriers are the best in the business . Emirates Airlines is Boeing's top client for its 400-seater 777x airplane. (Boeing file photo) Last year, the World Travel Awards, considered the "Oscars" of the travel industry, chose Etihad Airways as the world's best airline.   Etihad also was picked by travel agents and industry professionals for world's best cabin crew and best first class. Accolades go beyond the air. It also matters on the ground -- like in the airports itself.  Emirates first class lounge at Dubai International was ranked the world's best. "The U.S. invented the airline industry and I think we should be the best in the world, but obviously we are not," said Thomas Horton, chairman of American Airlines.  Horton, the former CEO of American, is now non-executive chairman of American Airlines Group. The company is the result of a merger between American Airlines and former rival U.S. Airways.  Speaking at the Buttonwood Gathering last fall in New York, Horton said, "the mergers will help us compete with the likes of Emirates, I think.  This is a hyper competitive industry. We’re competing in a world marketplace and we have to think of ourselves that way." loves these guys.  They see the Middle East airline industry growing beyond the global average.  At the Dubai Air Show in November, Emirates Airline placed a $76 billion order for 150 777 aircraft, helping make the model the largest product launch in commercial jetliner history. Not to be outdone by Emirates, Qatar Airways ordered 50 777's worth $19 billion and  Etihad Airways  ordered 25. Boeing loves them. Passengers do to.  But when it comes to passenger satisfaction, the U.S. airlines are lagging again. The Reputation Institute gauges the emotional connection and reputation of U.S. businesses. Last year, it measured the pulse of U.S. carriers based on the amount of trust, admiration, good feeling and esteem that the general public have over the airlines. U.S. Airways and United were ranked "weak", while Delta and American Airlines were ranked "average".  The only one ranked "strong" by Americans was Southwest. Ironically, Southwest Airlines is the mirror opposite of the A-list airlines in U.A.E and Qatar. Inside Etihad's Pearl Business Cla


A monument begun in 1948, in the Black Hills of South Dakota , when finished, will be of which American Indian Lakota chief?

Crazy Horse Monument - YouTube Crazy Horse Monument Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 1, 2010 In this episode of Cheap Family Travel ( http://www.cheapfamilytraveltips.com ), Nick, Regan, Maggie, and Kate visited the Crazy Horse Monument in the Black Hills in South Dakota. Sixty-two years ago Korczak Ziolkowski started carving a monument to the Indian chief, Crazy Horse. Where is Crazy Horse Memorial? In the Black Hills of South Dakota, just up the road from Custer State Park and Mount Rushmore, rises the crazy Horse Memorial. Korczak began carving the Crazy Horse Monument in 1948. Since his death, his wife and seven of his ten children are continuing to work to complete the monument dedicated to all North American Indian tribes. Make sure you visit the North American Indian Museum to learn all about Crazy Horse and the Lakota People. This mountain in the Black Hills South Dakota is unique and well worth a visit. The Crazy Horse Memorial draws millions of visitors every year to witness a national treasure in progress. The monument is privately funded, and when finished, the project will include the Indian Museum of North America, a university, and an Indian cultural center. The kids of Cheap Family Travel enjoyed the visit to the Crazy Horse Memorial, especially the tour of Korczak's home and the laser light show that is displayed right on the monument every night. For history, culture, and fun, the Crazy Horse Memorial is a must see in South Dakota. Category


The film 'Infamous' is about which author?

Infamous (2006) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error While researching his book In Cold Blood, writer Truman Capote develops a close relationship with convicted murderers Dick Hickock and Perry Smith. Director: From $2.00 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 34 titles created 16 Apr 2011 a list of 32 titles created 05 May 2012 a list of 34 titles created 11 Jan 2015 a list of 33 images created 11 months ago a list of 22 titles created 4 months ago Search for " Infamous " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 3 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Bo is a transexual prostitute in Brussels who left home after being abused by her father. She's now in an abusive relationship with a neighbor and suspected by the police in a series of ... See full summary  » Director: Francis Girod Joaquin (Polo Ravales), an unassuming fisherman, is forced to confront his homosexuality when his sex-starved wife Cynthia (Althea Vega) returns from her overseas job eager to get pregnant.... See full summary  » Director: Joel Lamangan A fictionalized account of what may have happened when John Lennon and Brian Epstein went on holiday together to Spain in 1963. Director: Christopher Munch Young girl spends her adolescence in an institution for minors, developing some masculine traits in her personality. In this hostile environment, she can only find some sympathy in a ... See full summary  » Director: Sergio Toledo Fernando, a.k.a. Fernanda, a 19-year-old Brazilian transvestite, travels to Milan and becomes a prostitute to finance sex-change surgery. Fernanda dreams of becoming a "real" woman, but in ... See full summary  » Director: Henrique Goldman When a new boy moves into the area Cecilie and Peter's friendship is changed. Director: Frank Mosvold Felix is secretly in love with Ralph. This doesn't seem to be the biggest problem. But Felix is 15 and Ralph his 34 years old soccer coach. They meet every day in an ambush. One day Felix ... See full summary  » Director: Martin Busker Sebastien is a small town boy who moves to Paris and begins to explore the gay night life there. When a friend from back home calls to announce he's coming to Paris, Sebastien confronts some unrequited feelings. Directors: Bernard Alapetite, Cyril Legann Stars: Benoît Delière, Johnny Amaro, Thibault Boucaux Khoi, a naive twenty-year-old, travels to Ho Chi Minh City from the countryside to begin a new life. It's his first time in the big city and he's looking for a place to live. He befriends ... See full summary  » Director: Ngoc Dang Vu     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6/10 X   A couple of gay men must break up due the impossibility of one of them to accept his homosexual condition. The farewell gets very difficult when the other one tries to convince him to accept himself and not to leave him. Director: Sergio Tovar Velarde Beneath a railroad bridge a young rural gay man begins to his explore his gay feelings with the aid of an understanding friend. Director: Michael Burke In this short film, a girl named Sara recalls her senior year of high school and the intense crush she had on another girl. Director: Katherine Brooks Edit Storyline On November 16, 1959, Truman Capote reads about the murder of a Kansas family. There are no suspects. With Harper Lee, he visits the town: he wants to write about their response. First he must get locals to talk, then, after arrests, he must gain access to the prisoners. One talks constantly; the other, Perry Smith, says little. Capote is implacable, wanting the story, believing this book will establish a new form of reportage: he must figure out what Perry wants. Their relationship becomes something more than writer and character: Perry killed in cold blood, the state will execute him in cold blood; does Capote get hi


What is the second brightest star in the constellation Orion?

Rigel: Orion's Brightest Star Rigel: Orion's Brightest Star By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor | September 19, 2013 06:16pm ET MORE Light from the star Rigel reflects off the dust composing the Witch Head Nebula. Credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo / NASA Rigel is a blue supergiant that is the brightest star in the constellation Orion (the Hunter). The star is only 10 million years old, compared to the sun's 4.5 billion, and due to its measured size and brightness it is expected to end in a supernova one day. It also has two known companions, Rigel B and Rigel C. The star is variable and is considered an Alpha Cygni-type star. (Alpha Cygni is the scientific name for Deneb, the prototype star for this kind of variability.) Its luminosity is so bright that it shines and scatters in an adjacent nebula, called the Witch Head Nebula,which is about 40 Earth-sun distances or astronomical units away. In science fiction, Rigel's name is on a a number of planets in the Star Trek universe, is mentioned in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, and also features in a number of novels, computer games and comic books. Rigel before modern astronomy Rigel's name comes from an Arabic phrase, Rijl Jauzah al Yusrāʽ. It means "the left leg of the Jauzah," according to Richard Hinckley Allen's "Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning." It is also sometimes translated as "the left leg of the giant," reportedly referring to the constellation Orion , of which Rigel forms a part. Rigel is more properly known as Beta Orionis. Scandinavian folklore said that Rigel indicated one of the large toes of Orwandil; the thunder god Thor broke off the other toe when it was frost-bitten, according to a report recorded by Allen. In Japanese culture, Rigel is sometimes called Genji Boshi and a bright red star in Orion — Betelgeuse — has the name of Heike Boshi. Those names hearken back to the Heian era (794-1192) in Japan, according to an online account by Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara . (A later version of the account was published in the "Kyoto Journal" in 2000.) "The legendary war that brought the somewhat artistic and gentle Heian era to a close took place between the Taira (Heike) and Minamoto (Genji) families," the authors wrote. "The colors of Taira were red, and the colors of the Minamoto family were white. Ultimately, the Minamoto (Rigel) family won the war and moved the capital to Kamakura, ushering in an era of Samurai warriors and leading to centuries of little true peace ... These two bright stars of red and white still do battle with the steepes of the belt holding them apart." Though they look serene and silent from our vantage on Earth, stars are actually roiling balls of violent plasma. Test your stellar smarts with this quiz. 0 of 10 questions complete Star Quiz: Test Your Stellar Smarts Though they look serene and silent from our vantage on Earth, stars are actually roiling balls of violent plasma. Test your stellar smarts with this quiz. 0 of Start Over | More Quizzes Locating Rigel Rigel is today known as a class B supergiant. It's close to zero magnitude in Earth's sky, making it a bright star . But Rigel is also intrinsically luminous, shining with the equivalent light of 85,000 suns, according to astronomer Jim Kaler . Its radius is 73 times that of the sun. Rigel's location is: Right ascension: 5 hours 14 minute 32.3 seconds Declination: -8 degrees 12 minutes 6 seconds Rigel to astronomers Astronomers believe the star is about 10 million years old and that later in its life, it will likely transform into a red supergiant (just like Betelgeuse) and eventually explode into a supernova, Kaler added. "If and when it does go, it would appear to us as bright as a quarter moon," Kaler wrote. Rigel also has two distant stellar companions, Rigel B and Rigel C – a binary system. At the ninth magnitude, the combined light of these stars would usually be enough for most telescopes to pick up, but they are too close to the bright Rigel to be easily visible. Rigel's bright starlight also bounces off a nebula some 40 light-years away, as shown in a pict


ERATO - Greek Goddess Muse of Erotic Poetry & Mime ERATO Lovely, Beloved Portraits of the nine Muses, Greco-Roman mosaic from Cos, Archaeological Museum of Cos ERATO was one of the nine Mousai (Muses), the goddesses of music, song and dance. In the Classical era, when the Mousai were assigned specific literary and artistic spheres, Erato was named Muse of erotic poetry and mime, and represented with a lyre. Her name means "lovely" or "beloved" from the Greek word eratos. FAMILY OF ERATO ZEUS & MNEMOSYNE (Hesiod Theogony 75, Apollodorus 1.13, Diodorus Siculus 4.7.1, Orphic Hymn 76) OFFSPRING KLEOPHEME (by Malos) (Isyllus Hymn to Asclepius) CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES Hesiod, Theogony 75 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "The Mousai (Muses) sang who dwell on Olympos, nine daughters begotten by great Zeus, Kleio (Clio) and Euterpe, Thaleia (Thalia), Melpomene and Terpsikhore (Terpsichore), and Erato and Polymnia (Polyhymnia) and Ourania (Urania) and Kalliope (Calliope)." Isyllus, Hymn to Asclepius (trans. Frazer, Vol. Apollodorus) (Greek poet C4th or 3rd B.C.) : "Father Zeus bestowed the hand of the Mousa (Muse) Erato on Malos [eponymous lord of Malea] in holy matrimony (hosioisi gamois.) The pair had a daughter Kleophema (Cleophema), who married Phlegyas, a native of Epidauros (Epidaurus); and Phlegyas had by her a daughter Aigle (Aegle), otherwise known as Koronis (Coronis), whom Phoibos (Phoebus) [Apollon] of the golden bow beheld in the house of her grandfather Malos, and falling in love he got by her a child, Asklepios (Asclepius)." [N.B. This hymn was engraved on a limestone tablet unearthed at the shrine of Asklepios in Epidauros. According to the inscription the poet consulted the Delphic Oracle for approval before publishing this genealogy of the god Asklepios.] Plato, Phaedrus 259 (trans. Fowler) (Greek philosopher C4th B.C.) : "When they [the grasshoppers] die they go and inform the Mousai (Muses) in heaven who honours them on earth. They win the love of Terpsikhore (Terpsichore) for the dancers by their report of them; of Erato for the lovers." Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1. 13 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "Mnemosyne [bore to Zeus] the Mousai (Muses), the eldest of whom was Kalliope (Calliope), followed by Kleio (Clio), Melpomene, Euterpe, Erato, Terpsikhore (Terpsichore), Ourania (Urania), Thaleia (Thalia), and Polymnia." Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3. 1 ff (trans. Rieu) (Greek epic C3rd B.C.) : "[The poet invokes the Muse Erato as he begins the tale of the love of Jason and Medea :] Come, Erato, come lovely Mousa (Muse), stand by me and take up the tale. How did Medea's passion help Iason (Jason) to bring back the fleece to Iolkos (Iolcus)." Strabo, Geography 8. 30. 20 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) : "And further, the poem entitled Rhadine--of which Stesikhoros (Stesichorus) [poet C7th-6th B.C.] is reputed to be the author--, which begins, ‘Come, thou clear-voiced Mousa (Muse), Erato, begin thy song, voicing to the tune of thy lovely lyre the strain of the children of Samos.’" Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 4. 7. 1 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek historian C1st B.C.) : "Hesiod even gives their [the Mousai's (Muses')] names when he writes : ‘Kleio, Euterpe, and Thaleia, Melpomene, Terpsikhore and Erato, and Polymnia, Ourania, Kalliope too, of them all the most comely.’ To each of the Mousai (Muses) men assign her special aptitude for one of the branches of the liberal arts, such as poetry, song, pantomimic dancing, the round dance with music, the study of the stars, and the other liberal arts . . . For the name of each Mousa (Muse), they say, men have found a reason appropriate to her: . . . Erato, because she makes those who are instructed by her men who are desired and worthy to be loved." Orphic Hymn 76 to the Muses (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. to 2nd A.D.) : "Daughters of Mnemosyne and Zeus . . . Kleio (Clio), and Erato who charms the sight, with thee, Euterpe, ministering delight : Thalia flourishing, Polymnia famed,


What was the name of William Wordsworth's sister, who was also a poet and pianist?

Sister Act: A New Take On Dorothy Wordsworth : NPR List price: $30 Crossing the Threshold "A wedding or a festival, A mourning or a funeral." —WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, "Ode: Intimations of Immortality" "...in our life alone does Nature live— Our's is her Wedding-garment, our's her Shroud!" —SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, "Dejection: An Ode" She can stand it no longer. When she looks from her window at the two men running up the avenue to tell her that the wedding is over, she throws herself down on the bed, where she lies in a trance, neither hearing nor seeing. Earlier that morning the groom had entered her room and she had removed the ring, which she had been wearing all night, and handed it back to him with a blessing. He had then returned it to her finger, blessing it once more, before leaving for the church to bind himself to another. When she is told by the bride's sister that the newlyweds are coming, she somehow rises from her bed and sends herself flying down the stairs and out the front door, her body moving against her own volition, not stopping until she is in the arms of the groom. Together they cross the threshold of the house, where they wait to greet the bride. Dorothy Wordsworth's journal entry for October 4, 1802, describes her brother William's marriage to Mary Hutchinson from the perspective of her bedroom at Gallow Hill, the Hutchinsons' Yorkshire farm, where she waited for the couple to return from the local church at Brompton. She was too distraught to attend the ceremony herself. For readers of her journals, Dorothy's account of William's wedding morning comes as a surprise, and not only because of the peculiar early-morning ceremony performed between the brother and the sister and the intensity of her physical response to the event. It strikes a new tone in her writing: after two and a half years of recording what she sees, she now records what she feels about something she has not seen, and it is typical of Dorothy Wordsworth that this long-awaited focus on herself comes just as she is going out of focus, slipping into a semiconscious state as one chapter of her life closes and the next begins. Following her description of Wordsworth's wedding, Dorothy's journal seems to lose its purpose. One of her final entries, made a few months later in the new year not long after she had turned thirty-one, has her resolving to keep the project going in a fresh notebook bought during the summer in France: I will take a nice Calais Book & will for the future write regularly &, if I can legibly, so much for this my resolution on Tuesday night, January 11 1803. Now I am going to take Tapioca for my supper, & Mary an Egg, William some cold mutton, his poor chest is tired. Six days later, her final entry, headed Monda[y], is left blank. In many cases, people turn to their journals when there is nowhere else to turn, when they need to divide themselves into two in order to talk. But in the case of Dorothy Wordsworth, it was when her life alone with her brother was shattered that she stopped writing, as if writing and William were bound up with one another. This is the story of four small notebooks whose contents Dorothy Wordsworth never meant to be published, and which have become known as the Grasmere Journals. In tightly compressed entries that are mostly regular and mostly legible, they describe a routine of mutton and moonscapes, walking and headaches, watching and waiting, pie baking and poem making. Their style, at times pellucid, at times opaque, lies somewhere between the rapture of a love letter and the portentousness of a thriller; the tight, economical form they adopt is that of the lyric, but in the grandness of their emotions they are yearning toward the epic. The quickly scribbled pages catch the sights and sounds that other eyes and ears miss: the dancing and reeling of daffodils by the lakeside, the silence of winter frost on bare trees, and the glitter of light on a sheep's fleece. They record the love between a brother and a sister, and climax with Dorothy's "str'nge fits of passion," to use Wordsworth's en


Which actor, famous for his portrayal of gangsters, was born Emmanuel Goldenberg in Romania in 1893?

Robinson (actor) - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/505705/Edward-G-Robinson American Heritage Dictionary: Robinson | Brooks Calbert, Jr. Robinson | Edward G. Robinson | Edwin Arlington Robinson | Frank Robinson | Jack Roosevelt Robinson | James Harvey Robinson | Mary Robinson | Ray Robinson American baseball player noted for his defensive skills. In 23 seasons with ... | Romanian-born American actor known for his portrayal of gangsters in ... (23 of 269 words, 8 definitions, pronunciation)


Which American football team are known as the Vikings?

Minnesota Vikings | American football team | Britannica.com American football team Minnesota Vikings, American professional gridiron football team founded in 1961 that plays in the National Football Conference (NFC) of the National Football League (NFL). The Vikings have appeared in four Super Bowls (1970, 1974, 1975, and 1977), losing each time. Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson rushing in a game against the Indianapolis Colts on … Mark Cowan—UPI/Landov The Vikings have a long and storied past, despite having won only one NFL championship, in 1969, the year before the NFL–American Football League merger. The Vikings’ most prominent period of success dates from the hiring of head coach Bud Grant in 1967. Grant, a future member of the Hall of Fame, guided the Vikings to all four of their Super Bowl appearances over the course of his career. His Vikings teams of the 1970s featured a tenacious defensive line known as the “ Purple People Eaters ,” which produced two Hall of Fame members ( Alan Page and Carl Eller ) and an efficient passing attack led by another future Hall of Fame member, quarterback Fran Tarkenton. Tarkenton paved the way for scrambling quarterbacks by being one of the first signal-callers to use his legs to make plays. The Vikings qualified for the play-offs in 10 of the 11 seasons between 1968 and 1978, but their 0–4 Super Bowl record is matched only by that of the Buffalo Bills teams of the 1990s. The Vikings fell back into the NFL pack in the 1980s, a decade capped by a disastrous 1989 trade with the Dallas Cowboys that netted Minnesota underachieving running back Herschel Walker and gave Dallas draft choices that were used to select future NFL superstars Emmitt Smith and Darren Woodson, among others. The Vikings teams of the late 1990s and early 2000s featured an explosive offense, which starred running back Robert Smith and wide receivers Cris Carter and Randy Moss . The 1998 Vikings squad scored a then-NFL-record 556 points during the regular season on its way to a 15–1 record but was upset by the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC championship game. Similar Topics


St. Francis: Patron of ecology | USCatholic.org St. Francis: Patron of ecology Share Article Your Faith Even if St. Francis of Assisi wasn't an environmentalist in the modern sense of the word, Keith Warner, OFM finds modern Catholics can learn a lot from his love for creation. [Read more from Keith Warner on Catholic environmentalism.] Was St. Francis of Assisi really an environmentalist? St. Francis was a great lover of God's creation, before there was such a word as environmentalist. He exemplifies many of the best attributes of what it means to be an environmentalist today, but he was not an environmentalist in the modern sense of the word. What can 21st-century Catholics learn from St. Francis? My recommendation is to look to Francis as an example of someone who prayed in nature and discovered more about God and himself through the practice of contemplative prayer in nature. Francis spent a third to half of each year praying in nature and the wilderness, living in hermitages, caves, under lean-to's, on mountainsides, and he interspersed this with preaching. There was something about that experience of being intimately related to creation itself that helped him grow more fully into the mystery of God. And that's what we are desperately in need of today, because we are so alienated from the earth and from ourselves. His life doesn't seem like one we could imitate. Where do you see the practical example of St. Francis for ordinary Catholics in the United States? Pope John Paul II named Francis the patron saint "of those who promote ecology" in 1979. Ecology in Europe refers to what we in the United States call environmentalism and not just the science. Francis is the patron of those who cultivate ecological consciousness, but that means a lot more than being the patron of environmental educators. His example really points to a mystical or a spiritual vision for all of the creative world as brother and sister, as he describes in his Canticle of the Creatures. Part of what we have to recover--which has been so thoroughly lost in our modern understanding of the world--is a sense of enchantment. Scripture assumes an enchanted world. The problem is we can't even recognize it in scripture because we live in a world that's been stripped of its meaning and is defined as material only. Moving beyond the saccharine bird-bath image of Francis requires prayer but also a little more scientific literacy. We have to learn something about the material relationship of the earth and humanity, but we also have to understand this relationship more broadly as a spiritual community. We may not wear rags, live in a cave for several months of the year, and eat only gruel and bread and nuts and berries. As a Franciscan, I don't do that either. But we can choose to create a community that's charged with religious meaning, that sees the sacraments as a part of a broader sacramental vision of the material world, that sees the material world as charged with the grandeur of God. This article was published in the April 2010 of U.S. Catholic (Vol. 75, No. 4, page 25). It accompanies Religious by nature. Image credit: St. Francis Preaching to the Birds by Giotto.


The minnow family (Cyprinidae) is the largest family of fishes in North America and contains about 2100 species Minnows (Family Cyprinidae) Keith Farnand The minnow family (Cyprinidae) is the largest family of fishes in North America and contains about 2100 species worldwide (Page & Burr, 1991). It is present on all continents except South America, Australia, and Antarctica with its greatest diversity in the South East Asia region. In North America we have about 230 of the 2100 species present in our waters. The name minnow is often applied to mud minnows (family Umbridae), killifishes (Cyprinodontidae), and in general, many of the smaller juvenile fishes (Phillips, Smid, & Underhill, 1982). In order for a fish to be a true minnow, though, it must be of the family Cyprinidae. Most minnows are usually small, but some, such as the introduced grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and some other species native to western North America grow to a size of 20-100lbs. The minnow is often thought to be any small fish, but in fact, they can grow to be as long as 3m and up to 100 lbs. The smallest of the minnow family matures at a length of 10mm. The physical characteristics of minnows are sometimes easily confused with that of the sucker, since they are closely related, but they are different in many ways. Minnows lack the sucker-like mouth, but some minnows such as the longnose dace (Rhinichtys cataractae) do resemble the mouth of a sucker somewhat. Both suckers and minnows lack teeth in the mouth, instead both have pharyngeal teeth deep in the throat that grinds the food up against the basioccipital bone. Minnows, however, have more teeth than the suckers. The minnow may have up to three rows of teeth where the sucker would only have one row. Also, minnows do not have spines, except for some non-native species such as the carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) (Eddy & Underhill, 1969). Generally, minnows have 1 dorsal fin, and a pair of abdominal pelvic fins. The dorsal usually has less than 10 rays, but some of the introduced species may have more than 10. The members of the minnow family always posses a lateral line which is used for motion detection. Minnows are very important fishes to the aquatic community as they serve as a food source for many of the larger predatory fishes, as well as birds. They are valuable to these larger fishes since they are easily found in large numbers and are usually quite small which makes them easy to catch. Also, minnows are of value to humans economically. For many years bluntnose (Pimephales notatus), fathead (Pimephales promelas), and shiner (Luxilus cornutus) minnows have been used as bait for both commercial and sportfishing. As a result the bait industry of North America has become quite large, and depends upon the abundance of minnows for growth. There are some minnows that are used for food such as the carp, but generally speaking they are not thought of as a food source due to their extensive ribs, and often "muddy" taste (Eddy & Underhill, 1969). Minnows show a great deal of variation in their food sources. They can be either omnivores or carnivores. The omnivores tend to eat more herbaceous materials and thus have molar-like teeth that are used for grinding up the food. They also have specialized intestines that are longer and are black in color since the plant food takes longer to digest. The minnows that feed on minute animal lifeforms generally spend most of their time in the middle of the water column, since that is the most abundant source of food for them. These minnows have hooked teeth with or without serrations that are used to either pierce the skin, or shred the prey (Eddy & Underhill, 1969). Minnows are able to occupy a wide variety of habitats as a result of their ability to feed on common plant/animal life in streams, lakes, and rivers. Also, as water temperature decreases in minnow environments, they become more and more nocturnal (Greenwood & Metcalfe, 1998). This study used the minnow Phoxinus phoxinus and showed that as w


Mount Mitchell is the highest peak of which American mountain range?

Mount Mitchell - Peakbagger.com  Peakbagger.com Prominence: 6089 ft, 1856 m Elevation: 6684 feet, 2037 meters True Isolation: 1188.99 mi, 1913.49 km Elevation Info: NAVD88 Elevation : 6684 ft / 2037 m Latitude/Longitude (WGS84) 35° 45' 53'' N; 82° 15' 54'' W 35.764857, -82.26506 (Dec Deg) 385643E 3958606N Zone 17 (UTM) Country (Peak is on over 20 lists; Not all shown here.) Selected Guidebook(s) for this Peak:             Prominence Ladder from Mount Mitchell Mount Mitchell is the highest peak in the Appalachian Mountains, and on the mainland of eastern North America. No land is higher than Mount Mitchell in the vast area between the Black Hills of South Dakota, the Arctic peaks of Greenland, and the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean. The closest higher peak is over 1,200 miles away, in New Mexico's Rocky Mountain foothills. Of all the peaks in the contiguous United States, only Mount Whitney in California is further away from higher ground than Mount Mitchell. Mount Mitchell was named for Dr. Elisa Mitchell, who became involved in a controversy with Senator Thomas Clingman over who first recognized this peak as the highest in the Appalachians. In 1857, while making further measuremnts, Mitchell fell to his death near the summit now named for him. Clingman had to make due with getting his name on the highest point in the Great Smokies, as well as on Clingmans Peak (6520') just to the south of Mount Mitchell. Most people get to Mount Mitchell on the 3.5 mile spur road from the Blue Ridge Parkway, which leads to a large parking lot, a concession stand, the grave of Dr. Mitchell, and an observation tower that allows far-ranging views over the trees. For hikers who don't mind a steep 5.4-mile, 3600 foot gain walk through thick forest to get to this overly civilized mountaintop, the Mount Mitchell trail begins in the valley to the east, at Black Mountain Campground off of NC Route 80. A very misty day on the highest peak in the Eastern United States, Mount Mitchell (1984-08-18). Web Map Links


Which part of the body is affected by Meniere's Disease?

Meniere's Disease - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health Surgery for Ménière's disease Ménière's disease is characterised by recurrent attacks of three major symptoms: vertigo (rotational dizziness), deafness and tinnitus (ringing of the ears), and/or aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. The symptoms of Ménière's disease are thought to be caused by excess pressure in the fluids of the inner ear which leads to sudden attacks of vertigo and hearing loss. A number of surgical procedures, of varying levels of invasiveness, have been developed to reduce the symptoms of Ménière's disease, but it is not clear whether or not these are effective. The surgical interventions can be categorised as two types: one type of surgical intervention aims to affect the natural history of the disease, with conservation of vestibular function. The other type aims to relieve symptoms by abolishing vestibular function. Both types of surgical intervention are considered in this review. Despite an extensive search the review authors only found two randomised controlled trials studying surgical interventions for Ménière's disease. Both of these trials, involving a total of 59 patients, studied endolymphatic sac surgery; one comparing it to placebo surgery and the other to a different type of surgery. Neither trial detected a significant difference between the treatment and control group. Diuretics for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome Diuretics (drugs which reduce fluid accumulation in the body) are commonly used in the management of the symptoms of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus or aural fullness in patients with Ménière's disease. 'Endolymphatic hydrops' is an increase in the pressure of the fluids in the chambers of the inner ear and is thought to be the underlying cause of Ménière's disease. Diuretics are believed to work by reducing the volume (and therefore also the pressure) of these fluids. The authors of this systematic review carried out an extensive search but could not identify any randomised controlled trials of sufficient quality to include in the review. There is no good evidence about the effect of diuretics on the symptoms of Ménière's disease and further research is needed. Betahistine for Ménière's disease or syndrome Ménière's disease is a disorder of the inner ear which results in a spinning form of dizziness (vertigo), hearing loss and ringing in the ear (tinnitus), and can be disabling. It has no known cause. When it is secondary to a known inner ear disorder, it is called Ménière's syndrome. Both can be difficult to diagnose. The drug betahistine hydrochloride (Serc®, Betaserc®) has been used to reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks. While the drug is very acceptable to those who use it, the review of trials did not find enough evidence to show whether it is helpful. Further research is needed. Surgery for Ménière's disease Ménière's disease is characterised by recurrent attacks of three major symptoms: vertigo (rotational dizziness), deafness and tinnitus (ringing of the ears), and/or aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. The symptoms of Ménière's disease are thought to be caused by excess pressure in the fluids of the inner ear which leads to sudden attacks of vertigo and hearing loss. A number of surgical procedures, of varying levels of invasiveness, have been developed to reduce the symptoms of Ménière's disease, but it is not clear whether or not these are effective. The surgical interventions can be categorised as two types: one type of surgical intervention aims to affect the natural history of the disease, with conservation of vestibular function. The other type aims to relieve symptoms by abolishing vestibular function. Both types of surgical intervention are considered in this review. Despite an extensive search the review authors only found two randomised controlled trials studying surgical interventions for Ménière's disease. Both of these trials, involving a total of 59 patients, studied endolymphatic sac s


Which film of 1958 starred Ingrid Bergman as missionary Gladys Aylward?

The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Inn of the Sixth Happiness ( 1958 ) Approved | All her life Englishwoman Gladys Aylward knew that China was the place where she belonged. Not qualified to be sent there as a missionary, Gladys works as a domestic to earn the money to ... See full summary  » Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 39 titles created 09 Jul 2012 a list of 39 titles created 16 Feb 2013 a list of 45 titles created 28 Feb 2013 a list of 40 titles created 01 Feb 2015 a list of 37 titles created 9 months ago Title: The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958) 7.3/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     1     Oscar. Another    3 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards  » Videos In the Fifteenth Century, France is a defeated and ruined nation after the One Hundred Years War against England. The fourteen years old farm girl Joan of Arc claims to hear voices from ... See full summary  » Director: Victor Fleming An opportunistic Russian businessman tries to pass a mysterious impostor as the Grand Duchess Anastasia. But she is so convincing in her performance that even the biggest skeptics believe her. Director: Anatole Litvak Three stories about the lives and loves of those who own a certain yellow Rolls-Royce: **First purchased by the Marquess of Frinton for his wife as a belated anniversary present, the ... See full summary  » Director: Anthony Asquith Irene Wagner, the wife of prominent scientist Albert Wagner, finds herself blackmailed about her affair by her lover's jealous ex-girlfriend. The plot, an experiment in causing fear, drives her into a rage. Director: Roberto Rossellini During the Spanish Civil War, an American allied with the Republicans finds romance during a desperate mission to blow up a strategically important bridge. Director: Sam Wood     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.8/10 X   Anna Kalman is a London based actress. She has been unable to find love in her life. The reason why she came home early from a vacation to Majorca fits into that theme, as the man she met ... See full summary  » Director: Stanley Donen A concert violinist becomes charmed with his daughter's talented piano teacher. When he invites her to go on tour with him, they make beautiful music away from the concert hall as well. He ... See full summary  » Director: Gregory Ratoff At a big city Catholic school, Father O'Malley and Sister Benedict indulge in friendly rivalry, and succeed in extending the school through the gift of a building. Director: Leo McCarey     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.8/10 X   Years after her aunt was murdered in her home, a young woman moves back into the house with her new husband. However, he has a secret that he will do anything to protect, even if it means driving his wife insane. Director: George Cukor Polish countess Elena falls in love to a Frensh radical party's candidate, a general, in pre world war I Paris, but another officer pines for her. Director: Jean Renoir A marine and a nun form an unlikely friendship. The marine is shipwrecked on a Pacific island and the nun has been left behind there; they find comfort in one another as the two wait out the war. Director: John Huston Edit Storyline All her life Englishwoman Gladys Aylward knew that China was the place where she belonged. Not qualified to be sent there as a missionary, Gladys works as a domestic to earn the money to send herself to a poor, remote village. There she eventually lives a full and happy life: running the inn, acting as "foot inspector", advising the local Mandarin and even winning the heart of mixed race Captain Lin Nan. But Gladys discovers her real destiny when the country is invaded by Japan and the Chinese children need her to save their lives. Based on a true story. W


Who succeeded John Quincy Adams as president of the USA in 1829?

John Quincy Adams | whitehouse.gov Air Force One John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams, son of John and Abigail Adams, served as the sixth President of the United States from 1825 to 1829. A member of multiple political parties over the years, he also served as a diplomat, a Senator, and a member of the House of Representatives.  The first President who was the son of a President, John Quincy Adams in many respects paralleled the career as well as the temperament and viewpoints of his illustrious father. Born in Braintree, Massachusetts, in 1767, he watched the Battle of Bunker Hill from the top of Penn's Hill above the family farm. As secretary to his father in Europe, he became an accomplished linguist and assiduous diarist. After graduating from Harvard College, he became a lawyer. At age 26 he was appointed Minister to the Netherlands, then promoted to the Berlin Legation. In 1802 he was elected to the United States Senate. Six years later President Madison appointed him Minister to Russia. Serving under President Monroe, Adams was one of America's great Secretaries of State, arranging with England for the joint occupation of the Oregon country, obtaining from Spain the cession of the Floridas, and formulating with the President the Monroe Doctrine. In the political tradition of the early 19th century, Adams as Secretary of State was considered the political heir to the Presidency. But the old ways of choosing a President were giving way in 1824 before the clamor for a popular choice. Within the one and only party--the Republican--sectionalism and factionalism were developing, and each section put up its own candidate for the Presidency. Adams, the candidate of the North, fell behind Gen. Andrew Jackson in both popular and electoral votes, but received more than William H. Crawford and Henry Clay. Since no candidate had a majority of electoral votes, the election was decided among the top three by the House of Representatives. Clay, who favored a program similar to that of Adams, threw his crucial support in the House to the New Englander. Upon becoming President, Adams appointed Clay as Secretary of State. Jackson and his angry followers charged that a "corrupt bargain" had taken place and immediately began their campaign to wrest the Presidency from Adams in 1828. Well aware that he would face hostility in Congress, Adams nevertheless proclaimed in his first Annual Message a spectacular national program. He proposed that the Federal Government bring the sections together with a network of highways and canals, and that it develop and conserve the public domain, using funds from the sale of public lands. In 1828, he broke ground for the 185-mile C & 0 Canal. Adams also urged the United States to take a lead in the development of the arts and sciences through the establishment of a national university, the financing of scientific expeditions, and the erection of an observatory. His critics declared such measures transcended constitutional limitations. The campaign of 1828, in which his Jacksonian opponents charged him with corruption and public plunder, was an ordeal Adams did not easily bear. After his defeat he returned to Massachusetts, expecting to spend the remainder of his life enjoying his farm and his books. Unexpectedly, in 1830, the Plymouth district elected him to the House of Representatives, and there for the remainder of his life he served as a powerful leader. Above all, he fought against circumscription of civil liberties. In 1836 southern Congressmen passed a "gag rule" providing that the House automatically table petitions against slavery. Adams tirelessly fought the rule for eight years until finally he obtained its repeal. In 1848, he collapsed on the floor of the House from a stroke and was carried to the Speaker's Room, where two days later he died. He was buried--as were his father, mother, and wife--at First Parish Church in Quincy. To the end, "Old Man Eloquent" had fought for what he considered right. The Presidential biographies on WhiteHouse.gov are from “The Presidents of the United States o


Which stretch of water separates Tasmania from mainland Australia?

Tasmania in relation to the rest of Australia. Bass Strait separates Tasmania from mainland Australia. It is a stretch of water 150 miles wide. Access to Tasmania is by air or by sea. A passenger/ vehicle ferry crosses 12 months of the year and travel time is about 14 hours. From December to April, the catamaran, called the Devil Cat, crosses in 6 hours from Georgetown, Tasmania to Melbourne.


What nationality is Liverpool FC footballer Sami Hyypia?

Sami Hyypia - Liverpool FC Sami Hyypia   Sami Hyypia is one of the finest centre-backs ever to wear a red shirt. The towering Finn's consistent performances through the Houllier and Benitez eras earned him a place among Europe's top defenders. Hyypia's decade-long contribution to the British game was recognised in his homeland, where he was crowned Footballer of the Year seven times (1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2008). It's hard to believe he cost Liverpool just £2.5million from Dutch outfit Willem II in May 1999. By that stage Hyypia already had seven years as a professional behind him. His glittering career began with MyPa, where he spent three years and won two Finnish Cups. An international debut arrived aged 19 against Tunisia in November 1992. In 1995 Hyypia enjoyed a trial at Newcastle, but it'd be another four years before he would grace the Premiership. Instead he joined Dutch side Willem II, where he was soon installed as captain. The big man's final act before heading to Merseyside in 1999 was to help Willem secure Champions League qualification. After making his Reds debut against Sheffield Wednesday on August 7, 1999, Hyypia quickly formed a watertight partnership with Stephane Henchoz, providing the foundation for a historic treble in 2000-01. The centre-half wore the captain's armband through much of this momentous campaign in the absence of the injured Jamie Redknapp. He jointly lifted both the UEFA and FA Cups. Following the departure of Redknapp in April 2002, Gerard Houllier handed his trusty defender the captaincy on a permanent basis, though he'd be replaced by the emerging Steven Gerrard in October 2003. With the arrival of new boss Rafa Benitez in 2004 came numerous personnel changes, though it was clear Hyypia was going nowhere. However, he did have a new central-defensive partner in Jamie Carragher, who was at last given a regular slot in his preferred position. Within 12 months they were regarded as one of the most formidable pairings on the continent following Liverpool's Champions League triumph in the Ataturk. Hyypia scored one of the most memorable goals en route to Istanbul, an unstoppable volley to open the scoring against Juve in the quarter-finals. Incredibly, he played every minute of 57 consecutive European games for the Reds from November 2001 to February 2006. The arrival of young centre-halves Daniel Agger and Martin Skrtel provided competition for places as Hyypia entered his twilight but, despite sometimes missing out, he continued to climb the club's all-time appearance table. In December 2008 he overtook Ron Yeats to enter the top 20. Five months later the big Finn announced the 2008-09 campaign would be his last at Anfield after agreeing a two-year deal with German side Bayer Leverkusen. He came on as a late substitute wearing the captain's armband during the season finale against Spurs for his 464th and last appearance. Earlier a 'Sami' mosaic was held aloft by the Kop, and at the final whistle the No.4 broke down in tears. History will undoubtedly judge Hyypia to be one of the club's shrewdest pieces of business. His collection of winner's medals is in double figures and in 2006 fans voted him 38th in Liverpoolfc.tv's 100 Players Who Shook The Kop series.  Other clubs:


Who was Hitler's minister of propaganda?

Joseph Goebbels - Propaganda Principles JOSEPH GOEBBELS 1897 -1945 German Nazi Party member Joseph Goebbels became Adolf  Hitler's propaganda minister in 1933, which gave him power over all German radio, press,  cinema, and theater. In 1925 Goebbels met the party leader Adolf Hitler. In 1926   he was made Gauleiter, or party leader, for the region of Berlin, and in 1927 he   founded and became editor of the official National Socialist periodical Der Angriff (The Attack). He was elected to the Reichstag, the German parliament, in 1928. By   exploiting mob emotions and by employing all modern methods of propaganda Goebbels helped   Hitler into power.   His work as a propagandist materially aided Hitler's rise to   power in 1933. When Hitler seized power in 1933, Goebbels was appointed Reichsminister for   propaganda and national enlightenment. From then until his death, Goebbels used all media   of education and communications to further Nazi propagandistic aims, instilling in the Germans the concept of their leader as a veritable god and of their destiny as the rulers   of the world. In 1938 he became a member of the Hitler cabinet council. Late in World War   II, in 1944, Hitler placed him in charge of total mobilization.   As Reichsminister for Propaganda and National Enlightenment,   Goebbels was given complete control over radio, press, cinema, and theater; later he also   regimented all German culture. Goebbels placed his undeniable intelligence and his   brilliant insight into mass psychology entirely at the service of his party. His most   virulent propaganda was against the Jews. As a hypnotic orator he was second only to   Hitler, and in his staging of mass meetings and parades he was unsurpassed. Utterly   cynical, he seems to have believed only in the self-justification of power. He remained   loyal to Hitler until the end. On May 1, 1945, as Soviet troops were storming Berlin,   Goebbels committed suicide. Listed below are the principles purported to summarize what made Goebbels tick or fail to   tick. They may be thought of as his intellectual legacy. Whether the legacy has been   reliably deduced is a methodological question. Whether it is valid is a psychological   matter. Whether or when parts of it should be utilized in a democratic society are   profound and disturbing problems of a political and ethical nature.   GOEBBELS' PRINCIPLES OF PROPAGANDA Based upon Goebbels' Principles of      Propaganda by Leonard W. Doob, published in Public Opinion and Propaganda; A Book      of Readings edited for The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. 1. Propagandist must have access to intelligence   concerning events and public opinion.   2. Propaganda must be planned and executed by only one authority. a. It must issue all the propaganda directives. b. It must explain propaganda directives to important officials and maintain their    morale. c. It must oversee other agencies' activities which have propaganda consequences 3. The propaganda consequences of an action must be considered in planning that action.   4. Propaganda must affect the enemy's policy and action. a. By suppressing propagandistically desirable material which can provide the enemy    with useful intelligence b. By openly disseminating propaganda whose content or tone causes the enemy to draw    the desired conclusions c. By goading the enemy into revealing vital information about himself d. By making no reference to a desired enemy activity when any reference would    discredit that activity 5. Declassified, operational information must be available to implement a propaganda   campaign   6. To be perceived, propaganda must evoke the interest of an audience and must be   transmitted through an attention-getting communications medium.   7. Credibility alone must determine whether propaganda output should be true or false.   8. The purpose, content and effectiveness of enemy propaganda; the strength and effects   of an expose; and the nature of current propaganda


What was the Christian name of Judge Jeffreys (1645-1689)?

Judge Jeffreys Shows His Savagery | Quote of the Day | Christian History Institute A+ Introduction George Jeffreys was a harsh judge, the tool of King James II of England, whose royal policy he enforced. He was notorious for tongue-lashing prisoners. His outbursts may have been aggravated by alcohol, for he drank to dull the pain he suffered from kidney disease. On this day, 18 May, 1685, Puritan Richard Baxter’s legal counsel appeared before the “hanging judge”—as Jeffreys was nicknamed—and pleaded that Baxter be allowed to postpone a court date because of illness. Jeffereys’ response was in character, according to Baxter and his friends, for he cried out in a passion:  Quote “I will not give him a minute’s time more, to save his life. We have had to do with other sorts of persons, but now we have a saint to deal with and I know how to deal with saints as well as sinners. Yonder, stands Oates in the pillory…[as he actually did at that very moment in the new Palace Yard]…and he says he suffers for the truth, and so says Baxter; but if Baxter did but stand on the other side of the pillory with him, I would say, two of the greatest rogues and rascals in the kingdom stood there.”


Who composed the Christmas Oratorio in 1734?

Christmas Oratorio - World Digital Library World Digital Library Christmas Oratorio Description Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) composed six cantatas for the Christmas holidays in 1734, one to be performed on each of the individual feast days during the services in Leipzig’s main churches, Saint Thomas and Saint Nicolai. The running narrative of the Gospel, as well as the keys in which the framing musical statements were composed, give the cantatas the character of a self-contained cycle. For most of the arias and choruses, Bach added new text to music derived from his earlier compositions, most notably from two congratulatory cantatas written for the Saxon court in 1733. In parts of the opening chorus, “Jauchzet, frohlocket,” Bach also at first transferred the text from the original “Tönet, ihr Pauken” but later crossed this out and substituted the religious text. Of the oratorio’s six sections, part one, which celebrates the birth of Christ, begins with the cantata “Jauchzet, frohlocket, auf, preiset die Tage”; part two, which describes the annunciation to the shepherds, has as its opening recitative the cantata “Und es waren Hirten in derselben Gegend auf dem Felde”; part three, which relates the adoration of the shepherds, starts with “Herrscher des Himmels, erhöre das Lallen”; part four, celebrating the circumcision and naming of Jesus, begins with “Fallt mit Danken, fallt mit Loben”; part five, which recounts the journey of the Magi, starts with “Ehre sei dir, Gott, gesungen”; and part six, which describes the adoration of the Magi, opens with “Herr, wenn die stolzen Feinde schnauben.” Instruments used include: trumpets, timpani, transverse flutes, oboes, oboes d'amore, violins, viola, continuo group, oboes da caccia, flutes, and horns. There are four vocal parts (soprano, alto, tenor, and bass). Shown here is Bach’s autograph copy of the score.


Which dramatist and poet was murdered by Ingram Frazer in Deptford in 1593?

Death in Deptford: 1. The Suspects Death in Deptford 1. The Suspects On 30 May 1593 a murder was said to have been committed in a room that had been hired for a private meeting in a respectable house in Deptford, owned by Dame Eleanor Bull. It was not a tavern as is often alleged. Dame Bull had Court connections. Her sister, Blanche, was the god-daughter of Blanche Parry, who had been the much loved nanny of the infant Elizabeth and was a "cousin" of Lord Burghley. Now widowed, Dame Bull hired out rooms and served meals. It was likely that her home was a safe house for Government Agents . On 18th May 1593, Henry Maunders was dispatched by the Privy Council to arrest Marlowe at Thomas Walsingham's manor house, Scadbury near Chislehurst, Kent. Remains of the moated manor house are still visible in Scadbury Park today, and extensive excavations have been undertaken by ODAS . The strange circumstances of Marlowe's murder in that room at Deptford have been the subject of endless debate and conflicting theories. The following is the official story as related in the Coroner's Report, discovered by Dr. Leslie Hotson in 1925 in the archives of the Public Records Office, London. Four men were said to have been present at Dame Bull's house on that day: Robert Poley: an experienced government agent, who carried the Queen's most secret and important letters in post to and from the courts of Europe. He arrived at Deptford direct from The Hague, where he had been on the Queen's business – Deptford then being a busy naval dockyard and port from which ships voyaged back and forth to the Continent. Ingram Frizer: the personal servant and business agent of Marlowe's patron, the wealthy Thomas Walsingham, cousin of the recently deceased Secretary of State, Sir Francis Walsingham, who had created the espionage service which protected Queen Elizabeth's life from the on-going Catholic assassination plots. Thomas Walsingham had assisted his illustrious cousin as his right-hand man and was himself a master-spy. Nicholas Skeres: a minor cog in the great Walsingham spy machine, who often assisted Poley. A shady character, who was, at this time, engaged in a double-dealing project with Ingram Frizer to fleece a naive young man of his money (termed "conny-catching" by the Elizabethans). In fact Skeres, Frizer and Poley were all skilful con-men and liars. Christopher Marlowe: the famous poet-dramatist, who enjoyed both the friendship and the patronage of Thomas Walsingham and at whose estate, Scadbury in Kent, he was staying at the time of his arrest, having gone there to escape the plague in London. Thomas Walsingham therefore can be seen to be connected with all four of these men. Marlowe's Life:


In what year did the Aberfan disaster take place?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 21 | 1966: Aberfan - a generation wiped out About This Site | Text Only 1966: Aberfan - a generation wiped out It took just five minutes for the coal tip above Aberfan to slide down the mountain and engulf a farm, several houses and a school. Pupils at Pantglas Junior School were just beginning their first lessons of the day when the rushing landslide of mud and debris flooded into their classrooms. Some children were able to escape, but 116 were killed. Another 28 adults also died. The local community was devastated by the tragedy and the whole country was shocked and saddened when the news hit the headlines. Your memories of Aberfan: I went to Pantglas on that day. I was 13. I will remember always and never forget my friends whom I lost, and how I survived. I still cry. Linda, Australia I was a part-time fireman in Newport. I was called out to go to Aberfan. We were sent to the top of the tip that collapsed to pump out water. I will never forget it the smell - stayed with me for days. Glen, Bush, Wales A day I shall never forget. I was on duty as a telephonist at the Cardiff Telephone Exchange and was taking emergency calls etc. All the telephonists were in tears and the pathos of the calls was unimaginable. Noreen Powell, Wales Remembering the people of Aberfan, my mum's home village. She was born there in 1909. My auntie used to clean Pantglas Junior school and I used to go there with her when I was a child. I still have a cousin in Aberfan. Vin, UK We had been to Brecon for the day and were driving back home to Merthyr. No radio in the car so we were surprised to see police stopping cars at the top of Cefn Coed to check on our address. They told us about the awful accident and said they were only letting residents into Merthyr. My cousin was a teacher at Pantglas Junior school. We went home and waiting anxiously to hear if she had survived. It was a day or two before we found out that her students' bus was late so she was in the staff room and not her usual classroom. The classroom was completely demolished and she survived but had spent the time helping with the rescue. My aunt was district nurse and was on the frontline of recovery but said she had never experienced such heartbreaking sights in her entire career. We cried a lot and today we've shed another tear. An entire generation wiped out in minutes. So sad. Gareth Williams, USA I was a 14-year-old living in Tonyrefail some 10 miles from Aberfan. I was in school that day and remember the day well, for I went home lunchtime and a neighbour called me to tell me what had happened. I went back to school and looked down the valley at our local colliery tip, thinking, "How could something like that move"? I will never forget that day. Howard Bartlett, Wales I was a week short of my eighth birthday in Standard One of Tonysguboriau Primary School about 10 or 15 miles down from the valleys. I remember my teacher, Miss Jones, standing in front of the class and saying that children just like us had been killed when the tip slid on to their school. I can remember the silence reverberating through our classroom and I kept thinking, "It could have been us. How can we be sure it wasn't us?" I tried to explain to my eight-year-old what had happened, about how all the valleys were black and that is just how we expected life to be. He was completely uncomprehending - "How could there be black mountains which collapse on to schools?" Helen, UK That day is one of the earliest memoris I have as a child. I remember being taken from class to a special assembly in the school hall, saying the lords prayer but not really knowing why. Being Welsh has nothing to do with the sorrow I felt and still feel, the sorrow is for those who lost their lives on that day. God bless them all. Chris Morse, Wales I was an 18-year-old apprentice attending Army Apprentice College Chepstow at the time of this catastrophic event. I remember well the request for volunteers by Sgt. Davies Royal Engineers, our group regular Army Sargent in 1966. Everyone in the group volunteered and we set


Which US female singer who died in 2008 had hits with 'Shrimp Boats' and 'You Belong To Me'?

Jo Stafford: Multi-million-selling hit singer who with 'You Belong to Me' was the first woman to top the UK charts | The Independent Jo Stafford: Multi-million-selling hit singer who with 'You Belong to Me' was the first woman to top the UK charts Friday 18 July 2008 23:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online In 1950, Stafford joined Columbia and hit record followed hit record AP In 1955, Columbia Records presented Jo Stafford with a diamond-studded disc to mark her selling 25 million records for the label. Ironically, this marked the peak of her career, as she had only moderate success subsequently. The award coincided with the advent of rock'n'roll and it became increasingly difficult for middle-of-the-road singers like Stafford, no matter how good, to retain their commercial success. Jo Elizabeth Stafford was born in Coalinga, California in 1917. Her father had come to Coalinga in search of oil, but within a few years, the family moved to Long Beach and he took a succession of menial jobs. Stafford studied singing with a view to performing opera, but then formed a vocal group, the Stafford Sisters, with her elder sisters, Christine and Pauline. They appeared regularly on a Los Angeles radio station and sang a madrigal in Fred Astaire's film A Damsel In Distress (1937). When the sisters married, Stafford joined her husband, John Huddleston, and six others in the Pied Pipers vocal group. One of Tommy Dorsey's arrangers, Paul Weston, heard and recommended them to the mercurial Dorsey. He took them to New York for a national broadcast, but the sponsor disliked their singing and dismissed them. They remained in New York and recorded, without success, for RCA. When the group disbanded and returned to LA, Dorsey asked Stafford to be part of a quartet, still called the Pied Pipers, and join his orchestra. The band was hugely popular and although the Pied Pipers contributed to Dorsey's success, the main selling factor was Dorsey's new male vocalist, Frank Sinatra. The Pied Pipers supported him on such hits as "I'll Never Smile Again" and "Stardust". Like everybody in the orchestra, Stafford had a difficult time with Dorsey, who would sack musicians on a whim and reinstate them the next day, but he allowed her solo performances including "Little Man With a Candy Cigar" and "Embraceable You". Dorsey's arranger, Sy Oliver, gave Stafford a new song he had written, "Yes Indeed", which became a standard. In 1943, the Pied Pipers left Dorsey and joined a new record label, Capitol, which was formed by the songwriter Johnny Mercer. The label's musical director was Stafford's friend Weston and, by now divorced from her first husband, she married him in 1952. He took an immense interest in her career, finding her good songs and writing sympathetic arrangements. Stafford undertook concert tours for the troops and she became known as "GI Jo", although she jokingly called herself "Miss Outgoing Freight". She had hit records with "The Trolley Song" and "My Darling, My Darling", and Nat King Cole played piano on her 1946 recording of "I'll Be With You In Apple Blossom Time". After Perry Como revived the oldie "Temptation" in 1945 with immense success, Stafford recorded a million-selling parody, "Tim-tay-shun", in 1947 under the name Cinderella G. Stump with Red Ingle and the Natural Seven. In 1948, with Gordon MacRae, she had another million-selling single with "Say Something Sweet to Your Sweetheart" and the following year, they combined their talents again with equal success on "Whispering Hope". Over the years, Stafford recorded many inspirational albums, some with MacRae. In 1950, Stafford joined Columbia and hit record followed hit record. She sang several, big selling duets with Frankie Laine including "Hey Good Lookin'" and "In The Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening". They were an odd couple – Laine would bellow his lines, while Stafford sang brightly and smoothly and without any vibrato. She also recorded with Nelson Eddy ("With These Hands"), Gene Autry ("My Heart Cries For You") and Liberace ("Indiscretion"). Her recording of "Ra