Who was King of England exactly 1000 years ago (i.e. 1007)? His reign was marked by a defensive war against Viking invaders.

A Short History of England, Ireland and Scotland, by Mary Platt Parmele search engine by freefind A Short History of England, Ireland and Scotland, by Mary Platt Parmele The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Short History of England, Ireland and Scotland, by Mary Platt Parmele This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net  Title: A Short History of England, Ireland and Scotland Author: Mary Platt Parmele Release Date: September 18, 2010 [EBook #33755] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND ***   Produced by Al Haines Magna Charta, 1215: King John submits to the Barons, and signs the Great Charter of British Liberties. A SHORT HISTORY OF COPYRIGHT, 1898, 1900, 1906, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS PREFACE Will the readers of this little work please bear in mind the difficulties which must attend the painting of a very large picture, with multitudinous characters and details, upon a very small canvas! This book is mainly an attempt to trace to their sources some of the currents which enter into the life of Great Britain to-day, and to indicate the starting-points of some among the various threads—legislative, judicial, social, etc.—which are gathered into the imposing strand of English civilization in this closing nineteenth century. The reader will please observe that there seem to have been two things most closely interwoven with the life of England—RELIGION and MONEY have been the great evolutionary factors in her development. It has been, first, the resistance of the people to the extortions of money by the ruling class, and second, the violating of their religious instincts, which has made nearly all that is vital in English history. The lines upon which the government has developed to its present constitutional form are chiefly lines of resistance to oppressive enactments in these two matters. The dynastic and military history of England, although picturesque and interesting, is really only a narrative of the external causes which have impeded the nation's growth toward its ideal of "the greatest possible good to the greatest possible number." The historic development of Ireland and Scotland, and the events which have brought these two countries into organic union with England are, of necessity, very briefly related. M. P. P. CHAPTER I PAGE Ancient Britain—Cæsar's Invasion—Britain a Roman  Province—Boadicea—Lyndin or London—Roman Legions  Withdrawn—Angles and Saxons—Cerdic—Teutonic  Invasion—English Kingdoms Consolidated CHAPTER III.   "Gilds" and Boroughs—William II.—Crusades—Henry I.—Henry  II.—Becket's Death—Richard I.—John—Magna Charta CHAPTER IV.   Henry III.—Roger Bacon—First True Parliament—Edward  I.—Conquest of Wales—of Scotland—Edward II.—Edward  III.—Battle of Crécy—Richard II.—Wickliffe CHAPTER V.   House of Lancaster—Henry IV.—Henry V.—Agincourt—Battle of  Orleans—Wars of the Roses—House of York—Edward IV.—Richard  III.—Henry VII.—Printing Introduced CHAPTER VII.   Elizabeth—East India Company Chartered—Colonization of  Virginia—Flodden Field—Birth of Mary Stuart—Mary Stuart's  Death—Spanish Armada—Francis Bacon CHAPTER VIII.   James I.—First New England Colony—Gunpowder Plot—Translation  of Bible—Charles I.—Archbishop Laud—John Hampden—Petition  of Right—Massachusetts Chartered—Earl Strafford—Star  Chamber CHAPTER IX.   Long Parliament—Death of Strafford and Laud—Oliver  Cromwell—Death of Charles I.—Long Parliament  Dispersed—Charles II CHAPTER X.   Act of Habeas Corpus—Death of Charles II.—Milton—Bunyan—James  II.—William and Mary—Battle of the Boyne CHAPTER XI.   Anne—Marlborough—Battle of Blenheim—House of Hanover—George  I.—George II.—Walpole—British Dominion in India—Battle  of Quebec—John Wesley CHAPTER XII.   George III.—Stamp Act—Tax on Tea—American Independence  Acknowledged—Impeachment of Hasti


Two European golfers won their first majors titles in 1985. Sandy Lyle won the Open Championship at Sandwich, but which man won the U.S. Masters that year?

Sandy Lyle: 'I don't know whether there's ever been a better shot in a major' | The Independent Golf Sandy Lyle: 'I don't know whether there's ever been a better shot in a major' Brian Viner Interviews: On the 20th anniversary of one of golf's greatest victories, the first British winner of the Masters recalls the unforgettable shot from a fairway bunker on the final hole that changed his life and began a four-year domination of Augusta by his fellow countrymen Friday 28 March 2008 00:00 BST Click to follow Sandy Lyle: 'I don't know whether there's ever been a better shot in a major' 1/10 10/10 GETTY IMAGES The first day of this year's US Masters falls on 10 April, the 20th anniversary of one of the greatest shots in the history of major championship golf, a shot which effectively conferred on Alexander Walter Barr Lyle the distinction of becoming the first British winner of the Masters. Those of us who weren't there will never forget it: Peter Alliss commentating for the BBC late on a Sunday night as Sandy Lyle, needing a birdie three at the last, rolled in the winning putt and, raising his hands in triumph, turned a pair of sweaty armpits into one of golf's most indelible images. As for the immaculate and seemingly nerveless seven-iron from the fairway bunker that had set up the birdie, I ask Lyle where he places it in the pantheon of great golf shots. It is a slightly challenging question, because he is the most modest and unassuming of men. Yet he does not hesitate. "I don't know that there's ever been a better shot in a major," he says. "I remember Tiger Woods, on the 18th at the Canadian Open a few years ago, hitting 185 yards from a bunker, over water, to a green about the size of this table. That was incredible." But this was the Masters, I say. "Yeah," he says, with a small smile. "This was the Masters." Lyle has invited me for an early breakfast at his hotel in London, I presume because he has a busy schedule for the rest of the day, although it turns out that he has an entirely free morning and is only too happy to spend much of it nattering. Other sportsmen of my acquaintance would at least make a play of having important things to do, but he's not that kind of guy. Besides, he never gets tired, he says, of recounting the events of Sunday, 10 April, 1988. "After nine holes of the final round I had a two-shot lead, and I was feeling quite good going into Amen Corner. I got through 10 and hit a reasonable drive down 11, but I found some mud on the ball, some old Georgia clay, and couldn't get it on the green. I made bogey there, and then as I was going over to the 12th tee I saw that Bernhard Langer, who was in the group ahead of me, had hit an eight-iron. I saw his caddie put it back in the bag. So that's what I hit, but it ended up in the water, and I took double-bogey. "I knew I hadn't blown it, because I was now tied with [Mark] Calcavecchia with two par-fives [the 13th and 15th] to come. But I only made par on 13, and par on 14, and by 15, which Calcavecchia had just birdied, I was one behind. "I hit a good drive, though 15 wasn't as demanding then as it is now. These days there's only a margin of about eight yards, whereas then there was acres of room, though you still needed two good shots to reach the green. I hit a five-iron through the back of the green, leaving a comfortable chip and putt, the way I'd been playing. My chip kissed the hole and went five feet past, and that's when the pressure got to me a bit. "I developed jelly hands, and left the putt short, which meant both par-fives gone without a birdie. By then I was just hoping to get into a play-off. Then on 16 I went 15 feet past the hole with a seven-iron, but somehow holed the putt so it was game on again, level with Calcavecchia with two holes to play." On the 18th tee Lyle knew that a three would more than likely secure the Green Jacket. He hit a one-iron intending to lay up short of the bunker, but adrenalin helped it into the sand. "When I got there I knew I could get it out and I was playing with Crenshaw, who was semi-butchering the ho


How many players are there in a netball team?

How many players are there on a netball team? | Reference.com How many players are there on a netball team? A: Quick Answer The International Netball Federation stipulates a maximum of 12 players per team, but only a total of seven may be on the court at any given time. At least five players from each team must be present on court to proceed with a standard game. Full Answer Implemented in 2012, the international netball format Fast5 restricts the number of players on court to five from each team. It also allows for rolling substitutions, unlike the standard format, which limits substitutions to halftime and in cases of injury. A total of seven playing positions exist in a standard game, and a center must be designated to begin. Teams can bring in new players before each center pass to increase their count to seven.


To which genus of trees does the willow belong?

What is a Scientific Name? What is a Scientific Name? What is a Scientific Name? Contact Information When scientists discover a new plant or animal they give it a name. In fact, scientists give each plant or animal, two names. This naming system was developed by a famous biologist called Carolus Linnaeus. The first name, called the genus, indicates that the plant or animal is closely related to others with the same name. For example, oak trees belong to the genus Quercus. The black oak, white oak and red oak all belong to the genus Quercus. What other trees do you know belong to the genus Quercus? The second name that scientists give to plants and animals is called the species. This name separates the white oaks from the red oaks and the red oaks from the willow oaks. Here are the common and scientific names for these three oak trees:  Common name  Red oak  Quercus rubra Common names may vary from one place to another. Scientific names do not. For example, the red oak is sometimes called the northern red oak, sometimes just red oak. In science it is always called Quercus rubra. The genus name always starts with a capital letter and the species name with a lower case letter. For example: Dogs and wolves belong to the genus Canis. Your pet cat belongs to the genus Felis, pumas to the genus Puma and jaguars, lions and leopards belong to the genus Panthera. Here are some scientific names of these animals:  Common name  Panthera pardus Things to do Go to the Missouri Botanical Garden and see if you find the common names and scientific names of plants. See if you can find some that belong to the same genus. Do these plants look like each other? Can you see why the scientists, called botanists, may have placed them in the same genus? Go to the Saint Louis Zoo and see if you find the common names and scientific names of animals. See if you can find some that belong to the same genus. Do these animals look like each other? Can you see why scientists, called zoologists, may have placed them in the same genus? Carolus Linnaeus The scientific system of naming living things was developed by a famous biologist who lived in Sweden from 1707-1778. He wanted to give all the plants and animals on earth a scientific name. He sent his students and helpers all over the world seeking new plants and animals to name. While he did name many of these plants and animals and while we still use his names today, he did not succeed in naming all plants and animals. In fact, we still have not been able to do this. We now have scientific names for about 1 to 2 million plants and animals. Scientists believe that there may be as many as 30 million species on earth so we still have a lot of work to do. Related Links


Which war was ended in 1648 with signing of the Treaty of Westphalia?

Thirty Years War ends - Oct 24, 1648 - HISTORY.com Thirty Years War ends Publisher A+E Networks The Treaty of Westphalia is signed, ending the Thirty Years War and radically shifting the balance of power in Europe. The Thirty Years War, a series of wars fought by European nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of Bohemia (the future Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II) to impose Catholicism throughout his domains. Protestant nobles rebelled, and by the 1630s most of continental Europe was at war. As a result of the Treaty of Westphalia, the Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic and France was acknowledged as the preeminent Western power. The power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken and the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands. The principle of state sovereignty emerged as a result of the Treaty of Westphalia and serves as the basis for the modern system of nation-states. Related Videos


In March 2005, 25 year old Johnson Beharry became the first new owner of which item for nearly 25 years?

Beaming with pride, VC hero Johnson Beharry shows off son Ayden as he reveals he has had replica medals made for the newborn | Daily Mail Online Beaming with pride, VC hero Johnson Beharry shows off son Ayden as he reveals he has had replica medals made for the newborn Sergeant Beharry, 34, spoke of his delight at Ayden's birth in Hello! magazine He was awarded the VC after saving his colleagues' lives in Iraq Grenada-born Beharry married wife Mallissa in March five months after they met comments Hero: Sergeant Johnson Beharry is showing off his newborn son Ayden in an interview with Hello! magazine Military hero Johnson Beharry, who became the first recipient of the Victoria Cross for more than two decades in 2005, has had tiny replicas of his medals made for his newborn son. Sergeant Beharry, 34, showed off his son Ayden for the first time in an interview with Hello! magazine and said that he never imagined he would become a father. He was the first serviceman honoured with the VC in 23 years after risking his life to save his colleagues in Iraq, suffering horrific injuries in the process. Sergeant Beharry told the magazine: 'Before Iraq I never imagined being a dad. I lived on the edge and thought it was inevitable that I would die. 'I wonder how I survived. Everyone tells me I must be here for a reason. Maybe it is my work with my charity. But it's also for Ayden.' Beharry, who still bears the scars of his ordeal, including a titanium plate in his skull, married second wife Mallissa in March, just five months after they met. He said of his son: 'I love him so much that I don't want to go to bed, I just want to be with him. 'I hold him and watch him as he sleeps, then stay awake until dawn. My job is being on guard in the army, so it comes naturally to me.' Beharry - who has appeared on ITV's Dancing On Ice series - said he had the mini replica medals done for his son as a tribute to him. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share His wife said he was a hands-on father adding: 'He loves being with him. Whenever he speaks, Ayden opens his eyes and tries to find him. Johnson wants to be involved with everything.' Honour: Beharry became the first person to be awarded the Victoria Cross since the Falklands War Serviceman: He was awarded the honour after he risked his own life and suffered horrendous injuries saving the lives of some of his colleagues in Iraq The couple tied the knot at London's Old Marylebone Hotel in March in front of family and friends, before moving on to a later blessing. Delight: Sergeant Beharry spoke of his joy at the birth of his son in an interview with Hello! magazine They announced soon after that they were expecting their first child. The Grenada-born soldier said at the time: ‘It's a little sooner than planned, but we are over the moon. ‘Mallissa and I felt strongly that it was important to marry before our baby arrives. 'I didn't grow up with a mum and dad who were together and all my life I've said I don't want my child to say the same and that I want them to know they've got that solid foundation.’ Beharry received his VC for two acts of bravery. In the first he led a patrol to safety after being ambushed and under heavy fire, and in the other he saved the lives of several colleagues despite suffering brain and facial injuries from a grenade. He split from first wife Lynthia in 2005 as a result of the traumatic experiences he endured. Beharry became the first recipient in 2005 of the Victoria Cross since the Falklands War of 1982. He is one of only six living recipients of the VC. Johnson Beharry was born one of eight children on the Caribbean island of Grenada in 1979. He moved to Britain in 1999, joining the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment in 2001, serving first in Kosovo then Northern Ireland. The full interview is in the latest edition of Hello! magazine which is out now.


Which legendary film cowboy rode a horse named Topper?

Movie/TV Cowboy Horses - The Wild West Movie/TV Cowboy Horses Movie/TV Cowboy Horses Buckshot - TV Wild Bill Hickok Wild Bill Hickok's horse in the 'Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok' TV show running from 1951-58. Guy Madison as Hickok rode Buckshot and Jingles rode Joker. Buttermilk - Dale Evans Horse Buttermilk (1941-1972) was a light buckskin Quarter Horse made famous in American Western films with his owner/rider, cowgirl star Dale Evans. The horse was ridden by Dale in a 1950s television series with her husband Roy Rogers who rode his Golden Palomino, "Trigger." Both horses were extremely popular and became a marketing success with cast iron and plastic replicas, lamps, and dozens of other products purchased by adults and children alike. After Buttermilk died in 1972, his hide was stretched over a plaster likeness and put on display at the Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Museum in Victorville, California which has since been relocated to Branson, Missouri. Champion - Gene Autry’s Horse Champion appeared with Gene Autry as his partner and sidekick throughout their legendary career in film, radio, and television. Pictured here is the Original Champion in Autry's 1939 "Home on the Prairie". Actually, there were three "official" Champions that performed in Autry films and several specialized horses, such as Little Champ, Lindy Champion, Touring Champion, and Champion Three. Other horses served as doubles for movie stunts and personal appearances. The Original Champion was sorrel-colored, had a blaze down his face and white stockings on all his legs except the right front. His first onscreen credit was for 1935's Melody Trail. He died while Autry was in military service. Champion was the only horse of a western film hero to have a TV series. “The Adventures of Champion” was produced by Autry's Flying A production company, and starred Barry Curtis as Ricky North, Jim Bannon as Uncle Sandy North, Francis McDonald as Will Calhoun, and Ewing Mitchell as Sheriff Powers. The program first aired on the CBS television network, and ran from September, 1955 through February, 1956. There was also a Champion comic book (but Gene's horse wasn't the only one to have a comic series - Roy Rogers' Trigger also had a comic book run). Duke - John Wayne Duke is John Wayne's horse in the western, 'Ride Him, Cowboy' (1932). John Drury saves Duke, a wild horse accused of murder, and trains him. When he discovers that the real murderer, a badguy known as The Hawk, is the town's leading citizen, Drury arrested on a fraudulent charge. Loco and Diablo Pancho and the Cisco Kid's horses. Scout - Tonto’s Horse Tonto, who rode Scout the pinto horse, was the sidekick of The Lone Ranger, the popular Western character created by George W. Trendle (in collaboration with others). Tonto himself was created by writer Fran Striker for the original radio series which began in 1933; Tonto made his first appearance on the twelfth show (which aired on station WXYZ in February 25, 1933). Though he became as iconic as his friend, Tonto was originally created just so the Lone Ranger would have someone to talk to. Throughout the radio run (which spanned twenty-one years), with only a few exceptions, Tonto was played by American actor John Todd. Over the years, Tonto's horses names were White Feller, Paint and Scout. Before September 1935 (on the radio series) Tonto rode double with the Lone Ranger. Silver - The Lone Ranger’s Horse Silver was the name of the hero's horse in the long-running radio, and later, television program The Lone Ranger. Silver was a magnificent white stallion, named after his being found near a silver mine also found by The Lone Ranger and his Indian sidekick, Tonto. (In a later, retcon version, The Ranger saved Silver from a raging buffalo and then adopted him.) Silver's exploits almost made him the equivalent of another character in the series, as he was extremely intelligent and well-trained (this could also be said of Tonto's mount, Scout). Silver won the Award for Excellence (Patsy) in 1957. This award is for animals who are outstanding a


Hors D'Oeuvres, usually consisting of marinated vegetables, or cured meats, are known by what name in Italy?

Dictionary of Cooking Terms | Kitchen.net Dictionary of Cooking Terms 0 Comments Cooking Terms Ever wondered what you are eating in a posh restaurant? Perhaps you would just like to expand your vocabulary. We have compiled a dictionary of cooking terms and their meanings. Keep an eye on our Facebook page where we will have a word for the day. A A Blanc [a bl??]French for in white. Usually used to describe cream sauces, or meats that are prepared without browning them. Affriander [affriader]A French term for a stylish and appetizing presentation of a dish. Affrioler [afrioler]A French term for enticing ones guests to the table with hors doeuvres or small samplings. A La A French term meaning in the style/manner of. A La Carte [a la ka?t]A menu term referring to items priced individually. (see also,prix fixe) Al Dente [?l dente]An Italian term literally meaning “to the tooth”. Describing the degree of doneness for pastas and other foods where there is a firm center. Not overdone or too soft. Al Forno An Italian term used to describe baked or roasted foods. Amuse-bouche - [amyz bu?]A French term meaning Amuse the mouth. Also known as, amuse-gueule, amusee, petite amuse, and lagniappe. These are small samplings of food served before a meal to whet the appetite and stimulate the palate. Antipasto An Italian term referring to an assortment of hot or cold appetizers (smoked meats, fish, cheeses, olives, etc.) it literally translates to “before the pasta” and denotes a relatively light dish served before courses that are more substantial. Aperitif- A French term for a light alcoholic beverage served before a meal, usually sherry or champagne, to stimulate the appetite. A Point [a pw??] Pronounced pwah, a French term used to describe food cooked just to the point of perfect doneness. Assation A French term for cooking foods in their own natural juices without adding extra liquids. Au Bleu- [o bl] A French term for the method of preparing fish the instant after it is killed, especially for trout, the fish is plunged into a boiling court bouillon, which turns the skin a metallic blue color. Au Gratin [o g?at??] A French term for a dish topped with a layer of either cheese or bread crumbs mixed with butter. It is then broiled or baked until brown. Au Jus [o ?y]A French term for meats served in their natural juices. Au Poivre [o pwav?]A French term meaning with pepper, typically describing meats either prepared by coating in coarse ground peppercorns before cooking or accompanied by a peppercorn sauce. B Bake Blind A baking technique by which a pie or tart shell is cooked prior to filling it. This is done to keep the shell bottom from soaking through and producing a soggy crust. The shell is first perforated with a fork to prevent puffing, covered with aluminum foil or parchment paper, and then weighted with rice or beans. Baking Stone- Also called a pizza stone, an unglazed ceramic, clay, or stone disc about of a inch thick, which allows for high temperature and dry heat, which is necessary for crisp crusts when making flatbreads, pizzas, calzones, etc. Bard To wrap a lean cut of meat in a fat, like bacon, to prevent drying out when roasted. The barding fat bastes the meat while cooking and is then removed a few minutes before is done to allow browning Bivalve [bivalv]Any mollusk like: clams, oysters, scallops, etc. that is housed between two shells hinged together and held closed by a strong abductor muscle. Blanch [blanch]To briefly submerge food into boiling water and then into an ice bath to halt further cooking. It is a technique used to soften and bring out the chlorophyll in green vegetables. Bleu [?blu?] A French term for a cut of meat cooked only until warmed through, or very rare. (see alsoau bleu) Blondir [<blondir>] A French term for lightly browning food in a fat. Meats and flour (to produce roux) are cooked in this fashion. Bocconcini An Italian word meaning mouthful. It can be used to describe a particular dishes appetizing appeal or small portions (significantly fresh mozzarella cheese). Bon Appetit [?b??n <appetit>


What was the name of the horse ridden by the famous cowboy actor, Gene Autry?

Gene Autry - Biography - IMDb Gene Autry Biography Showing all 63 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (3) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (1) | Trivia  (32) | Personal Quotes  (11) | Salary  (9) Overview (5) 5' 9" (1.75 m) Mini Bio (3) After high school Gene Autry worked as a laborer for the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad in Oklahoma. Next he was a telegrapher. In 1928 he began singing on a local radio station, and three years later he had his own show and was making his first recordings. Three years after that he made his film debut in Ken Maynard 's In Old Santa Fe (1934) and starred in a 13-part serial the following year for Mascot Pictures, The Phantom Empire (1935). The next year he signed a contract with Republic Pictures and began making westerns. Autry--for better or worse--pretty much ushered in the era of the "singing cowboy" westerns of the 1930s and 1940s (in spite of the presence in his oaters of automobiles, radios and airplanes). These films often grossed ten times their average $50,000 production costs. During World War II he enlisted in the US Army and was assigned as a flight officer from 1942-46 with the Air Transport Command. After his military service he returned to making movies, this time with Columbia Pictures, and finally with his own company, Flying A Productions, which, during the 1950s, produced his TV series The Gene Autry Show (1950), The Adventures of Champion (1955), and Annie Oakley (1954). He wrote over 200 songs. A savvy businessman, he retired from acting in the early 1960s and became a multi-millionaire from his investments in hotels, real estate, radio stations and the California Angels professional baseball team. Song: "Back in the Saddle Again", horse: Champion Trivia (32) His first hit record was "That Silver Haired Daddy Of Mine" in 1932. Autry was the first owner of the Los Angeles Angels American League baseball club, subsequently renamed the California Angels when the team was relocated to Anaheim in 1966. (The team has been renamed twice: the Anaheim Angels, and now the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.) A radio station owner, Autry was interested in acquiring the broadcasting rights to the Angels games when he found out the team, part of the American League's first expansion, was for sale. He bought it. Autry owned the team in its entirety from its first year of play, 1961, until 1997, when he sold part of the franchise to Disney, who renamed the team the Anaheim Angels. Autry's widow sold the rest of the team to Disney after his death the next year at the age of 91. According to a Hollywood legend, published in The Orange County Register after his death, Autry was discovered singing in a telegraph office in Oklahoma by Will Rogers . Rogers told him that he had a pretty good voice, and suggested that he go to Hollywood where he could make some money singing in the movies. Gene followed Rogers' advice and became "The Singing Cowboy." Autry himself related this story in an interview with Cecil B. DeMille on the Lux Radio Drama Hour. In the interview, Gene added that the next time he saw Rogers was in Hollywood. According to Gene, Will just nodded and said, "I see you made it, kid." Interred at Forest Lawn (Hollywood Hills), Los Angeles, California, USA, in the Sheltering Hills section, Grave #1048. Elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1969. Grandson of an itinerant preacher, he became a multi-millionaire through his investments and real estate holdings. Inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1980. Inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1972. He was the most popular of the "singing cowboys." In his heyday he was making six to eight feature westerns a year. More than 50 years after the last Gene Autry western, he is better known to later generations as a singer. His remastered vintage recordings of "Here Comes Santa Claus" and "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" remain very popular holiday standards into the 21st century. The California/Anaheim Ang


In July 2005, who was the Brazilian electrician killed by the Metropolitan Police at Stockwell tube station?

Police shot Brazilian eight times | UK news | The Guardian 7 July London attacks Police shot Brazilian eight times In this image reproduced from O Globo television in Brazil, Jean Charles de Menezes is seen with his relatives. Photograph: TV O Globo/AP Staff and agencies Monday 25 July 2005 13.35 EDT First published on Monday 25 July 2005 13.35 EDT Share on Messenger Close Jean Charles de Menezes, the Brazilian electrician mistakenly gunned down by anti-terrorist police at Stockwell tube station, was shot eight times, an inquest was told today. Mr De Menezes, 27, died on Friday, the day after the failed suicide bombings on London's transport network. Details of how he died were confirmed by the Independent Police Complaints Commission. An inquest, which was opened into his death earlier today at Southwark coroners court, heard that he was shot seven times in the head and once in the shoulder. Eyewitnesses to the shooting had reported he had been shot five times after failing to stop when challenged by the plain-clothes officers. His family are considering legal action. Speaking at a press conference in central London, the Independent Police Complaints Commission chairman, Nick Hardwick, confirmed that the commission had begun an investigation into the shooting. "We enter this with open minds, as we search for the truth, and we have accepted the full cooperation of the Metropolitan police service, which they have pledged," he said. Mr Hardwick confirmed that the officers involved in the shooting had already given an account of what happened, but said they could be interviewed by the IPCC team in the future. "We don't start from the assumption that we are investigating a crime here. We are looking for the truth," he said. Arrangements are being made so that the victim's family can be kept up to date with the progress of the investigation. Tony Blair said he was "desperately sorry" about Mr De Menezes'death, but added that police officers, who are hunting for four would-be suicide bombers, were working in "very difficult circumstances". The prime minister spoke about the shooting for the first time today in a Downing Street news conference alongside his French counterpart, Dominique de Villepin. "We are all desperately sorry for the death of an innocent person, and I understand entirely the feelings of the young man's family," Mr Blair said. "But we also have to understand the police are doing their job in very, very difficult circumstances. "Had the circumstances been different and had this turned out to be a terrorist, and they had failed to take that action, they would have been criticised the other way." Alex Pereira, a cousin of Mr Menezes, said the police "have to pay" for the mistake. When asked whether the family was taking legal action, he told BBC Breakfast: "They have to pay for that in many ways because, if they do not, they are going to kill many people, they are going to kill thousands of people. "They just kill the first person they see, that's what they did ... they killed my cousin, they could kill anyone." Earlier, he said he wanted to show people that police "could have stopped" Mr Menezes before he caught a bus to Stockwell from Tulse Hill, also in south London. "They killed him here because they had to show off," he said. "Police had plenty of time to stop him - if they were so afraid of a bomb, why did they let him get on the bus?" At Scotland Yard, around 30 protesters, including friends of Mr Menezes, gathered and sang the Brazilian national anthem. The Metropolitan police commissioner, Sir Ian Blair, expressed "deep regrets" over the killing, and said the force accepted "full responsibility". However, he last night defended the "shoot-to-kill" policy for dealing with suspected suicide bombers, arguing that it was necessary to shoot suspects in the head if it was feared they might set off a bomb on their body. The foreign secretary, Jack Straw, will meet his Brazilian counterpart, Celso Amorim, in London tonight to apologise for the shooting. Speaking prior to the meeting, Mr Amorim, who was in Londo


The signing of which treaty in 1902 ended the Second Boer War?

The Boer War ends - May 31, 1902 - HISTORY.com The Boer War ends Publisher A+E Networks In Pretoria, representatives of Great Britain and the Boer states sign the Treaty of Vereeniging, officially ending the three-and-a-half-year South African Boer War. The Boers, also known as Afrikaners, were the descendants of the original Dutch settlers of southern Africa. Britain took possession of the Dutch Cape colony in 1806 during the Napoleonic wars, sparking resistance from the independence-minded Boers, who resented the Anglicization of South Africa and Britain’s anti-slavery policies. In 1833, the Boers began an exodus into African tribal territory, where they founded the republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The two new republics lived peaceably with their British neighbors until 1867, when the discovery of diamonds and gold in the region made conflict between the Boer states and Britain inevitable. Minor fighting with Britain began in the 1890s and in 1899 full-scale war ensued. By mid-June of 1900, British forces had captured most major Boer cities and formally annexed their territories, but the Boers launched a guerrilla war that frustrated the British occupiers. Beginning in 1901, the British began a strategy of systematically searching out and destroying these guerrilla units, while herding the families of the Boer soldiers into concentration camps. By 1902, the British had crushed the Boer resistance, and on May 31 of that year, the Peace of Vereeniging was signed, ending hostilities. The treaty recognized the British military administration over Transvaal and the Orange Free State, and authorized a general amnesty for Boer forces. In 1910, the autonomous Union of South Africa was established by the British. It included Transvaal, the Orange Free State, the Cape of Good Hope, and Natal as provinces. Related Videos


Which African country was known, from 1960 until 1971 as the Democratic Republic of Congo?

A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire 1600's to 1700's The British, Dutch, Portuguese and French merchants exploited the slave trade. 1870s The Belgian King Leopold II set up a private venture to colonise the Congo.   1874-77 The British explorer Henry Stanley navigated the Congo river to the Atlantic Ocean. 1879-87 King Leopold II commissioned Henry Stanley to establish the King's authority in the Congo basin. 1884-85  European countries at a Conference in Berlin recognised King Leopold's claim to the Congo basin.   1885 King Leopold II announced the establishment of the ‘Congo Free State’, to be headed by himself. 1891-92 Belgian troops conquered the state of Katanga.   1892-94 The Eastern Congo is taken from the control of East African Arabs and Swahili-speaking traders.   1908  The Belgian state annexed the Congo amid protests over killings and atrocities carried out on a mass scale by Leopold's agents. Millions of Congolese were said to have been killed or worked to death during Leopold's control of the territory.   1955 Belgian Professor Antoin van Bilsen published a "30-Year Plan" for granting the Congo increased self-government.   1959 Belgium begins to lose control over events in the Congo following serious nationalist riots in Leopoldville by now renamed  Kinshasa. 15th March 1960 Martial Law is proclaimed. 30th June 1960 The Republic of Congo gained its independence from Belgium. Patrice Lumumba became the countries first prime minister while Joseph Kasavubu was made  president. 11th July 1960 The copper rich state of Katanga secedes from the rest of the country. 15th July1960 The Congolese army mutinies and Moise Tshombe declared Katanga to be independent. Belgian troops were sent in to protect Belgian citizens and mining interests. The United Nations Security Council voted to send troops to help establish law and order in the country, however the troops were not allowed to intervene in internal affairs (they left in 1964).   14th September 1960 Colonel Joseph Desire Mobutu, the army's 29-year-old chief of staff, lead a coup to break up a power struggle between President Joseph Kasavubu and Premier Patrice Lumumba, and arrested Lumumba after President Kasavubu had dismissed him as prime minister. November 1960 Congolese and United Nations troops clashed.   January 1961 Colonel Joseph Desire Mobutu returned power of the country to Joseph Kasavubu. 17th January 1961 Patrice Lumumba was handed over to the Katanga rebels and murdered. Fierce fighting broke out between the United Nations troops and pro Lumumba supporters. Evidence later emerged connecting Colonel Joseph Desire Mobutu  and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to Lumumba's murder. However, Belgium also played a part in Lumumba’s death. 22nd January 1961 Belgian paratroops flew into Stanleyville to rescue European settlers. February 1961 A federation was formed of all the sovereign states, replacing the existing republic. August 1961 Cyrille Adoula was appointed prime minister of the country. August 1961 United Nation troops began disarming Katangese soldiers. September 1961 United Nations troops for the second time tried to crush the Katangan rebels. 18th September 1961 Dag Hammarskjold Secretary General of the United Nations, died in an air crash as he flew out of the country. 31st October 1961 A third attempt was mounted by United Nation troops to once again try and crush the Katangan rebels. 29th December 1962 United Nation troops occupied the Katangan capital city Elizabethville. 1st January 1963 President Tshombe appealed to the United Nations to declare a cease fire. 8th January 1963 President Tshombe was placed under house arrest by the United Nations. 15th January1963 Moise Tshombe bowed to United Nations pressure and agreed to end Katanga's secession. 1964  President Joseph Kasavubu appointed Moise Tshombe as prime minister. Early 1964 A minor Communist inspired revolt took place in the Kwilu Provence. Within five months this minor revolt would become a major uprising that would involve


To which genus of trees does the Maple belong?

Red maple : Acer rubrum Red maple : Acer rubrum Kingdom : Plant Phylum : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Order : Sapindales Family : Aceraceae Genus : Acer Species : rubrum L. Common name: Red maple Description Medium to large tree. Leaves usually 3-5 lobed, 1.5 dm long to 1.8 dm wide, glabrate above, glaucous and pubescent to green and glabrate beneath, serrate, base usually cordate, occasionally rounded, petioles as long as or a little longer than leaves. Plants are polygamous (may have separate male and female flowers on same tree or separate trees or flowers may be bisexual). Flowers appear long before leaves. Staminate and pistillate flowers in clusters, perianth usually red, 1-3 mm long. Fruit winged, usually red, 1.5-3.5 cm long. Habitat: Low, rich woods, swamps, floodplains, river banks, wet woodlands. Distribution:


How many chukkas are normally played in a game of polo?

Rules of Polo | Sussex Polo Rules of Polo The Specatator’s Guide Here are just a few of the basic rules of the game of polo.  On our main spectator days we usually have a commenator who will help to explain what is happening, but by all means, do pose any unanswered questions to our commentator in between chukkas and he/she will provide an explanation for everyone over the loudspeaker system to help everyone. How many players in a team? There are 4 players in a team, but at the lower levels, some players might share a ‘shirt’ and play 2 chukkas each. Umpires There are two mounted umpires and sometimes a ‘third man’ on the sidelines.  Captains of teams are the only players who can discuss questions arising during a game with the Umpires.  No player shall appeal in any manner to the Umpire for fouls, however many players have a short memory where this rule is concerned! What is a chukka? A chukka is  the name for a period of time – in this case 7 minutes with up to 30 seconds ‘overtime’ for all but the final chukka.  Play ends after the first bell when:      1.  A goal is scored      2.  A foul occurs      3.  The ball goes out of play      4.  The second bell rings The term chukka is derived from the Indian word for circle or ’round’. How many chukkas in a match? Typically the polo matches you will see here at Sussex Polo are four chukkas long.  If you watch the Gold Cup at Cowdray or the Cartier International at Guards Polo Club then these matches are 6 chukkas long. If you see a match in Argentine then you can expect eight chukkas. Players return to the field with a fresh pony after each chukka.  Breaks between chukkas are three and a half minute and five minutes at half time.  Some players use the ‘Argentine hop’ to jump from one saddle to another to change pony. How big is the pitch? The main pitches here at Sussex Polo are full size.  A full sizeboarded pitch is 275m x 183m – that’s over THREE football pitches! How tall are the goal posts? The goal posts need to be a minimum of 10 feet high (3 metres) & light enough to give way if collided with.  They are 8 yards (7.3 metres) apart. What is the ball made of? The ball is now made of resin, although historically it was made of wood. It is 3 – 3.5 inches in diameter (76 – 89 millimeters. It weighs no more than four and a half ounces (120 – 135 grams) The balls do get mis-shapened after being hit with the polo mallet – when hit by a polo pro at speed and with a heavy mallet head the ball can reach upto 190 miles per hour!  So it is prudent to be concious of where the ball is as it can change direction very quickly! How long is a mallet or stick? Typically a mallet or stick is 52 inches long but this can vary depending on the height of the pony or the length of the players arms! Most popular lengths are 51 – 53 inches but sticks used for Pony Club ponies can be much shorter e.g. 47 inches. What is the mallet made of? The shaft is made of bamboo cane which gives it the flexibility to bend.  The mallet head or ‘cigar’ as it is called by trhe Argentines is made of ‘Tipa’ wood.


Which American golfer, winner of three majors, was tragically killed in a plane crash in 1999? At the time of his death, he was the reigning U.S. Open champion?

Tags:   Hockey   KHL   NHL   Pavol Demitra   Plane Crash   Tragic Death   Tragedy struck yesterday when the passenger plane carrying Russian hockey team Lokomotiv of the KHL (Kontinental Hockey League) crashed just after take-off, killing 43 people. Added to the growing list of prominent athletes whose lives were cut short were former NHL players Pavol Demitra and Brad McCrimmon, the team’s coach. Sadly, this was hardly the first time prominent people from the world of sports have lost their lives in such a fashion. Since the dawn of commercial aviation, hardly a decade has gone by without one or two notable athletes being killed in a plane crash. So today, as a tribute to all these fallen stars, we present a chronological list of athletes killed in plane crashes. 13. Knute Rockne (1931) Legendary Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne—who helped make the game of football what it is today—was one of 8 people who died when TWA Flight 599 out of Kansas City crashed on March 31, 1931. He had just visited his two sons (Bill and Knute Jr.) at their boarding school and was on his way to consult on the production of the film The Spirit of Notre Dame. At the time of his death, his record as coach of the Fighting Irish was an absurd 105 wins, 12 losses, and 5 ties. 12. Torino FC Soccer Team (1949) Torino FC were the champions of Italy’s Serie A soccer league in 1948-49, and are considered by some to have been one of the best clubs in the history of Italian soccer. Their captain, Valentino Mazzola, was one of the best players in the world. So you can imagine the enormity of the public’s grief after 22 of the team’s 23 players were killed when their plane crashed into a mountain outside Turin. The only player whose life was spared was not on the flight because he was injured and not traveling with the team. 11. Bill Barilko (1951) On April 21, 1951, defenseman Bill Barilko of the Toronto Maple Leafs accomplished what every hockey-playing kid in the world dreams about every night. That night, in Game 5 of the Stanley Cup finals against the Montreal Canadiens, Barilko scored the overtime goal that won the cup for Toronto. Tragically, only four months later Barilko died in a plane crash on his way home from a fishing trip if rural Quebec. 10. 8 Members of Manchester United (1958) On February 6, 1958, British Airways Flight 609 traveling from Belgrade, Yugoslavia to Manchester, England, crashed while attempting to take off from a slush-covered runway in Munich, Germany, where it had stopped to refuel. Twenty-three of the forty-four people on board died, including 8 members of the 1957-58 Manchester United squad. Among English soccer fans, the incident became known as the “Munich air disaster.” The tragedy is memorialized by a plaque hanging today at Man U’s famous Old Trafford stadium. 9. U.S. Figure Skating Team (1961) On February 16, 1961, the United States sporting community experienced one of the most horrific tragedies one could imagine. The entire U.S. Figure Skating Team perished when their Boeing 707 crashed on its approach to Brussels’ Zaventem Airport. They were on their way to compete in the World Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Among those killed were 9-time U.S. women’s champion Maribel Vinson-Owen, reigning women’s champion Laurence Owen, and men’s champion Bradley Lord. 8. Tony Lema (1966) Tony Lema was one of modern golf’s brightest stars in the early 60s. He won the 1964 British Open, 12 PGA Tour tournaments, and finished in the top-10 of another eight major tournaments. He became famous not only for his success, but also for his exuberant celebrations after a big win. (They called him “Champagne Tony Lema.”) Sadly, he died at the very young age of 32, when a private plane he had chartered crashed—where else?—onto a golf course. 7. 36 Marshall University Football Players (1970) On November 14, 1970, half of Marshall University’s football team was killed when their plane, flying through rain and fog, clipped the top of a tree and crashed just short of its runway in West Virginia. This terrible tragedy and its


In the Bible, who wiped the blood from the face of Jesus on his way to Calvary?

The woman who wiped the face of Christ on the way to Calvary – CatholicHerald.co.uk St Veronica painted by Hans Memling (1430–1494) St Veronica (July 12) Veronica, it has been believed, wiped the face of Christ when He fell under the weight of the Cross on the way to Calvary. Much later the story developed that He left an image of His face on the cloth. The tale rests entirely on faith, for there is no convincing evidence even that Veronica existed. Her very name, created from the Latin vera (true), and the Greek eikon (image), suggests a pious confection. The earliest reference to Veronica, dating from the fourth or fifth century, appears in the Acts of Pilate, where she is identified with the woman whom Jesus cured of an issue of blood after she had touched the hem of His garment (Mt 9:20-22). Later, the narrative continues, this Veronica went to Rome and cured the Emperor Tiberius by showing him a painting she had made of Christ after her own healing. It was not until the early 13th century, however, that accounts began to multiply in Rome of “Veronica’s veil”, miraculously impressed with the image of Christ. St Peter’s had possessed a towel said to have been used by Christ during his Passion. Now it was held to bear His likeness. In 1216 Pope Innocent III authorised a Mass and Office of the Holy Face. There had long been a painting of Christ at the Lateran, supposedly executed by St Luke. In the 13th century other Roman churches began to display images of the Holy Face. Copies proliferated throughout Europe, notably at Laon, in northern France, which became a popular pilgrimage centre. When Rome was sacked by the mutinous troops of Charles V in 1527 the soldiers auctioned off the St Peter’s Veronica in a tavern. In the 17th century it was apparently rediscovered in a relic chamber which Bernini had built into one of the piers supporting the dome of St Peter’s. This veil, however, bears no image. There had been an especially celebrated cloth painting of the head of Jesus at Edessa in Syria, dating from the sixth century. Around the 10th century the story began to circulate that the image had been produced by Jesus Himself pressing a towel to his face. This cloth disappeared after being transferred to Constantinople in 1204. It seems almost as though the legend of Veronica was resurrected at Rome to take its place. The fact that nothing was known about Veronica left the devout free to speculate. Was she Martha, the sister of Lazarus (Jn 12)? Or the wife of Zacchaeus (Lk 19)? Or perhaps the woman of Cana’s daughter, who was cured in Matthew 15? Or the wife of a Roman legionary?  Whatever the theory advanced, there was never any lack of credulity brought to its estimation. Subscribe at your app store: Related stories


What name is given to a blunt large-edged needle, used to draw tape through openwork?

Full text of "Hand sewing lessons; a graded course for schools and for the home" See other formats IC-NRLF   SB 31   4-   t   i i   . Oi   HAND SEWING LESSONS   c\J   EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY i  , zi  i   6   6   HAND SEWING LESSONS  A Graded Course for Schools and for the Home.  By Sarah Ewell Krolik   h   WORK WELL ^DOI   EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY   I I I   1   Copyrighted 1901  By SARAH EWELL KROUK  All rights reserved.   Copyrighted 1905 By SARAH EWKLL KROLIK,   260028   A SKILFUL HAND is A HELPING HAND.   PREFACE.  The value of these lessons has been proven by fifteen years of experi- ence in the " Self-Help Circle," a school organized to instruct girls in the domestic arts. At first they were taught on clothing for themselves, which they paid for in small sums from week to week.  It was found that while all learned to make garments for home use, few became expert needlewomen. Haste to complete wearing apparel resulted in inferior workmanship. A combination course was adopted which gives variety with continuity. It has been used for several years with excellent results. Pupils are taught that only by careful practice can they hope to excel, that these models are the way marks of their progress, and will be treasured by them in the future as their own handiwork. With the text, they form a book of reference on making and mending garments that is highly prized.  " Hand Sewing Lessons " is a book for those who wish to learn sewing and how to teach it to others. It gives a practical course for normal and high school classes and supplies trained teachers with printed instructions for pupils in place of written ones that take so much time and that over- lap the work of other departments. The stitches are combined for practice while new ones are being learned, so as to form a continuous line of progress and carry out the principle of bridging the way from the known to the unknown, and of making a pleasant road to knowledge, which will become a part of daily life in after years.  Thanks are due to Mrs. Edwin E. Leggett of Detroit, former superin- tendent of the Solvay Sewing School, Delray, Michigan, for suggestions from her school notes and plan of finger exercises, and to Mrs. Julia d'Arcambal Giddings for her assistance.  S. E. K.   CONTENTS.   To Teachers .... .  To Mothers  Topics for Talks .......  Sewing Outfit ........  Cloth  Needles and Thread  Models  Combination of Graded Course with Practice Work .   PAGE I I  13 17 17  18  18  19 20   PART FIRST.  DIVISION I.  Model i. Basting  Model 2. Overhanding ....  Model 3. Matched Edges .  Model 4. Warp and Woof, Overcasting .   27 28 28 28   DIVISION II.   Model 5. Running stitch Model 6. Tucking   30   DIVISION III.  Model 7. Hemming, Mitred Corner  Model 8. Extension and Faced Hems, Blind Hem on Cotton Model 9. Hem-stitching   34 35   PART SECOND.   DIVISION IV.   Model 10. Model ii. Model 12. Model 13  Backstitching and Half-backstitching French Seam in Running and Half-backstitch Gathering and Gauging ..... Plackets for Underwear ....  PAGH  37 39  4i  A-J  Model 14.  Plackets for Dresses  *to 45   DIVISION V.  Model 15. Button-holes, Buttons, Hooks and Eyes, Eyelets, and Thread-eyes  . DIVISION VI.  Model 1 6. Bias and Corner Matching  Model 17. Overhand Patch  Model 1 8. Hemmed Patch .... .  DIVISION VII.  Model 19. Night Shirt Front ..,,.. Model 20. Gussets ... ,  List of Stitches  PART THIRD.  DIVISION VIII.  Model 21. Weaving on Cardboard and Darning on Stockinet Model 22. French Hem, and Darning on Canvas and Table Linen . Stitches on Illustration 33 ........  Stitches on Illustration 34 . . . . . .  DIVISION IX. Model 23. Feather-stitch, Herring-bone stitch, Chain-stitch and  Fagoting . .  Model 24. Darning on Cashmere, Slip-stitch, or Blind Hem and Purl  Edge  8   49  52 52   53 53 56   57 57 59 61   61   Model 25. Blanket-stitch, Cat-stitch, and Flanne


What is the country of origin of Gruyere cheese?

History | Le Gruyère AOP See all events History The production of cheese in the region can be traced back to 1115. It continues nowadays according to a well-tried recipe in the village cheese dairies of its native land – the district of La Gruyère in the Canton of Fribourg (Switzerland) – but also in the cantons of Vaud, Neuchâtel, and Jura, as well as in a few municipalities of Bern. 12th century An ancestral tradition The region of Gruyère has been known for its cheese production since the 12th century. Medieval chronicles also mention the expertise of its inhabitants, who turned the milk production of their herds into full fat cheese. This product was even sold in France and Italy. 17th century Official recognition of the name and of the land The 17th century marked an important stage in the history of Gruyère AOP as it coincided not only with the official recognition of its name, but also with a real boom in exports. During this time, the first measures for the protection of its origin through marking came into play. The word specifying its origin entered the dictionary of the Académie Française (1762). 19th century Geographic expansion A high emigration level which hit Fribourg during the 18th and 19th century. It extended the geographic production zone of Gruyère cheese to the cantons of Vaud, Neuchâtel and Jura, as well as to neighboring France. However, with no trade protection and with its quality as only means of defense, Gruyère was often imitated. As early as the mid-19th century began a campaign towards structuring the trade as well as a fight for a recognized designation of origin. 21st century AOC – Controlled Designation of Origin and AOP – Protected Designation of Origin Discussions held in Madrid (1891), Paris (1926) and then Rome (1930) resulted in the signing of a first agreement to protect the denominations of goods and their origin. However, it was only in 2001 that Gruyère cheese was granted Controlled Designation of Origin (AOC) at the national level. In 2011, it received the Protected Designation of Origin (AOP) for all of Europe.


The liqueur, Chartreuse, is named after the monastery situated near which city in S.E France?

Chartreuse liqueur made with 130 herbs, plants and flowers by Carthusian Monks in France since 1737 Chartreuse Chartreuse is a French liqueur made by the Carthusian Monks since 1737 according to the instructions set out in the secret manuscript given to them by Fran�ois Annibal d'Estr�es in 1605. It is composed of distilled alcohol aged with 130 herbs, plants and flowers. The liqueur is named after the Monks' Grande Chartreuse monastery, located in the Chartreuse Mountains in the general region of Grenoble in France. The liqueur is produced in their distillery in the nearby town of Voiron (Is�re). Chartreuse gives its name to the colour chartreuse, which was first used as a term of colour in 1884. It is one of the handful of liqueurs that continues to age and improve in the bottle. Bottle of Chartreuse and a shot glass of Chartreuse. The two types of Chartreuse are: Green Chartreuse (110 proof or 55%) is a naturally green liqueur made from 130 herbs and plants macerated in alcohol and steeped for about 8 hours. A last maceration of plants gives its colour to the liqueur. Yellow Chartreuse (80 proof or 40%), which has a milder and sweeter flavour and aroma. Also made by the monks of Chartreuse are: Chartreuse VEP VEP stands for Vieillissement Exceptionnellement Prolong�, meaning "exceptionally prolonged ageing" in English. It is made using the same processes and the same secret formula as the traditional liqueur, and by extra long ageing in oak casks it reaches an exceptional quality. Chartreuse VEP comes in both yellow and green. Elixir V�g�tal de la Grande-Chartreuse (138 proof or 69%) The same base of about 130 medicinal and aromatic plants and flowers; far stronger. It can be described as a cordial or a liqueur, and is claimed to be a tonic. Sold in small wooden-covered bottles. Liqueur du 9� Centenaire (47%) Created in 1984 to commemorate the 900 year anniversary of the foundation of the abbey. It is similar to Green Chartreuse but slightly sweeter. Chartreuse 1605 – Liqueur d'Elixir (56%) Created to commemorate the return of a mysterious manuscript concerning an elixir of long life to the Carthusian monks by Marshal Fran�ois Annibal d'Estr�es. White Chartreuse (30%) Produced and sold between 1860 and 1900. Furthermore, the monks make a "G�n�pi". G�n�pi is the general term in the Alps for a homemade or local liqueur featuring local mountain flora. There are hundreds or even thousands of different G�n�pi liqueurs made, many simply by families for their own use each year. As they have been making Chartreuse from local plants for centuries, the monks have recently (2000s) made a G�n�pi as a sideline product. It is labelled "G�n�pi des P�res Chartreux" and is generally only available locally in a 70cl bottle, usually labelled 40% alcohol. Elixir V�g�tal de la Grande-Chartreuse Flavour Chartreuse has a very strong characteristic taste. It is very sweet, but becomes both spicy and pungent. It is comparable to other herbal liqueurs such as Galliano, Liquore Strega or Kr�uterlik�r, though it is distinctively more vegetal. Like other liqueurs, its flavour is sensitive to serving temperature. If straight it can be served very cold but is often served at room temperature. It also features in some cocktails. Some mixed drink recipes call for only a few drops of Chartreuse due to the assertive flavour. It is popular in French ski resorts where it is mixed with hot chocolate and called Green Chaud. History According to tradition, a marshal of artillery to French king Henry IV, Fran�ois Hannibal d'Estr�es, presented the Carthusian monks at Vauvert, near Paris, with an alchemical manuscript that contained a recipe for an "elixir of long life" in 1605. The recipe eventually reached the religious order's headquarters at the Grande Chartreuse monastery, in Voiron, near Grenoble. It has since then been used to produce the "Elixir V�g�tal de la Grande Chartreuse". The formula is said to include 130 herbs, plants and flowers and secret ingredients combined in a wine alcohol base. The monks intended their liqueur to be used as medicine. T


"Which Afro American super model, TV personality and singer hosts the TV show, ""America's Next Top Model"" and also has her own daytime TV chat show?"

1000+ images about Tyra Banks on Pinterest | Models, Actresses and Harpers bazaar Tyra Lynne Banks is an American television personality, producer, author, actress and former model. 110 Pins1.4k Followers


In which part of the British Isles is Scapa Flow, where the UK 's chief naval base was situated during the two World Wars?

History of Scapa Flow : Scapa Flow Wrecks Home First Used by the Royal Navy It was during the Napoleonic wars of the early 1800s that the Admiralty first took an interest in Scapa Flow – using the area as a deep water anchorage for trading ships waiting to cross the North Sea to Baltic ports. With subsequent wars being waged against countries such as France and Spain, there was no need for a northern naval base until the early 20th Century and the outbreak of war against Germany. WWI and The Battle of Jutland On 31 May 1916 the British Grand Fleet finally met the German High Seas Fleet in the Battle of Jutland. On paper the Germans could claim victory as they sank more ships. However, the German Fleet was smaller and many of their ships were seriously damaged. In the end Britain remained in control of the North Sea, where it enforced a naval blockade that would ultimately starve Germany into submission. The HMS Vanguard Disaster At 11.20pm on the 9 July 1917 the HMS Vanguard – a St Vincent class battleship – blew up at anchor off the island of Flotta in Scapa Flow. The anchorage was rocked by a huge explosion, which showered neighbouring ships with wreckage and human remains. HMS Vanguard had not been lost to enemy action – unstable cordite had overheated and caused the catastrophic explosion. Of the 845 men on board, only two survived. FIND OUT MORE > The Scuttling of the High Seas Fleet As part of the Armistice agreement, Germany had to surrender most of its fleet. A total of 74 ships of the High Seas Fleet arrived in Scapa Flow for internment in November 1918. On 21 June 1919 and under the mistaken belief that peace talks had failed, the command was given to scuttle / sink the entire fleet. A total of 52 ships sank to the seafloor – it remains the greatest loss of shipping ever recorded in a single day. The Salvage Operation Only 7 of the 52 scuttled ships still rest on the seabed of Scapa Flow today. The majority were raised in what was one of the largest ever salvage operations in history. The early operations were pioneered by the engineering genius of Ernest Cox of Cox & Danks Ltd, and then later by Metal Industries Ltd. Ernest Cox had never raised a ship before, but many of his methods are still in use today. FIND OUT MORE > Sinking of the HMS Royal Oak The Royal Oak was a British Battleship. On the night of 13-14 October 1939, a German U-boat crept into Scapa Flow and sank the Royal Oak at anchor. The torpedoes fired from U47 struck the battleship with such ferocity that it healed over alarmingly and sank with frightening speed. Those men that managed to jump ship were faced with a swim through chilling waters thick with oil. Of the crew of over 1,200, 834 men were lost. FIND OUT MORE > Scapa Flow Historic Wreck Site Today Scapa Flow ranks as one of the top wreck diving destinations of the world. There is a common misconception that the wrecks are dark, deep and thus only the preserve of technical divers. In fact, many of the wrecks offer a fantastic introduction to wreck diving, while others offer a challenge to more advanced divers. Together with world-class facilities and the rugged beauty of the surrounding Orkney landscape, diving Scapa Flow is an unparalleled experience. FIND OUT MORE > History Beneath the Waves Scapa Flow is a body of water about 120 square miles in area and with an average depth of 30 to 40 metres. The Orkney Mainland and South Isles encircle Scapa Flow, making it a sheltered harbour with easy access to both the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean. The name Scapa Flow comes from the Old Norse Skalpaflói, meaning ‘bay of the long isthmus’, which refers to the thin strip of land between Scapa Bay and the town of Kirkwall. Scapa Flow has been used as a harbour since Viking times, the name Skalpaflói being given to it by the Vikings. However, it wasn’t until the Napoleonic wars of the early 1800s that the Admiralty first took an interest in Scapa Flow. The Admiralty used the area as a deep water anchorage for trading ships waiting to cross the North Sea to Baltic ports. Two Martello Towers were bui


Which US crime writer also wrote under the name of Evan Hunter?

Evan Hunter Evan Hunter Salvatore Albert Lombino October 15, 1926(1926-10-15)New York, New York Died July 6, 2005(2005-07-06) (aged 78)Weston, Connecticut, U.S. Pen name Ed McBain, Hunt Collins, Curt Cannon, Dean Hudson, Richard Marsten, Ezra Hannon, John Abbott Occupation Novelist, short story writer, screenwriter Nationality Crime fiction, mystery fiction, science fiction Spouse(s) Edit Block Evan Hunter in March 2001 Evan Hunter (October 15, 1926 – July 6, 2005) was an American author and screenwriter. Born Salvatore Albert Lombino, he legally adopted the name Evan Hunter in 1952. While successful and well-known as Evan Hunter, he was even better known as Ed McBain, a name he used for most of his crime fiction, beginning in 1956. Life Edit Block Hunter was born and raised as Salvatore Lombino in New York City, living in East Harlem until the age of 12, at which point his family moved to the Bronx. He attended Olinville Junior High School, then Evander Childs High School, before winning an Art Students League scholarship. Later, he was admitted as an art student at Cooper Union. Lombino served in the Navy in World War II, writing several short stories while serving aboard a destroyer in the Pacific. However, none of these stories were published until after he had established himself as an author in the 1950s. After the war, Lombino returned to New York and attended Hunter College, graduating Phi Beta Kappa, majoring in English and Psychology, with minors in dramatics and education. He published a weekly column in the Hunter College newspaper as "S.A. Lombino". In 1981, Hunter was inducted into the Hunter College Hall of Fame where he was honored for outstanding professional achievement. While looking to start a career as a writer, Lombino took a variety of jobs, including 17 days as a teacher at Bronx Vocational High School in September 1950. This experience would later form the basis for his 1954 novel The Blackboard Jungle. In 1951, Lombino took a job as an Executive Editor for the Scott Meredith Literary Agency, working with authors such as Arthur C. Clarke, P.G. Wodehouse, Lester del Rey, Poul Anderson, and Richard S. Prather, among others. He made his first professional short-story sale that same year, a science-fiction tale entitled "Welcome Martians", credited to S.A. Lombino. Hunter died of laryngeal cancer in 2005 at the age of 78 in Weston, Connecticut. He had three sons. His son Richard Hunter, is a harmonica virtuoso. Another child, Mark Hunter, is a professor at INSEAD and the Institut français de Presse, and an award-winning investigative reporter and author. His eldest son, Ted, a painter, died in 2006. Name change and pen names Edit Block Soon after his initial sale, Lombino sold stories under the pen names "Evan Hunter" and "Hunt Collins". The name "Evan Hunter" is generally believed to have been derived from two schools he attended, Evander Childs High School and Hunter College, although the author himself would never confirm that. (He did confirm that the name "Hunt Collins" was derived from Hunter College.) Lombino legally changed his name to Evan Hunter in May 1952, after an editor told him that a novel he wrote would sell more copies if credited to "Evan Hunter" than it would if it were credited to "S.A. Lombino". Thereafter, he used the name Evan Hunter both personally and professionally. As Evan Hunter, he gained fame with his 1954 novel The Blackboard Jungle, which dealt with juvenile crime and the New York City public school system. In 1955, the book was made into a movie. During this era, Hunter also wrote a great deal of genre fiction. He was advised by his agents that publishing too much fiction under the Hunter byline, or publishing any crime fiction as Evan Hunter, might weaken his literary reputation. As a consequence, during the 1950s Hunter used the pseudonyms Curt Cannon, Hunt Collins, and Richard Marsten for much of his crime fiction. A prolific author in several genres, Hunter also published approximately two dozen science fiction stories and four SF novels bewtween 1951 and 1956 u


Who became the 100th Archbishop of Canterbury in 1961?

Arthur Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury (1904 - 1988) - Genealogy Arthur Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury Birthdate: Brother of Frank Plumpton Ramsey and <private> Barcroft (Ramsey) Managed by: Apr 2 1911 - Buckingham Road Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England Parents: Arthur Stanley Ramsey, Mary Agnes Ramsey Siblings: The Jewish Chronicle Text: ... survived by his daughter, Mrs Tamara Rabinowitz, in Rio. Dr Michael Ramsey The death of Dr Michael Ramsey, neo-Nazism in forthright term... Date: About Rt. Rev. and Rt. Hon. Arthur Michael Ramsey, Baron Ramsey of Canterbury The 100th Archbishop of Canterbury between 1961 and 1974. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Arthur Michael Ramsey, Baron Ramsey of Canterbury PC (14 November 1904 – 23 April 1988) was the 100th Archbishop of Canterbury. He was appointed on 31 May 1961 and was in office from June 1961 to 1974. Career Michael Ramsey was born in Cambridge in 1904. His father was a Congregationalist and mathematician and his mother was a socialist and suffragette. He was educated at Repton School (where the headmaster was another future Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Francis Fisher) and Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he was President of the Cambridge Union Society and where his support for the Liberal Party won him praise from Herbert Asquith. His elder brother, Frank P. Ramsey (1903–1930), was a mathematician and philosopher (of, incidentally, atheist convictions) and something of a prodigy, who when only 19 translated into English Wittgenstein's Tractatus. During his time in Cambridge the young Michael came under the influence of the Anglo-Catholic dean of Corpus Christi College, Edwyn Clement Hoskyns. On the advice of Eric Milner-White he trained at Cuddesdon, where he became friends with Austin Farrer and was introduced to Orthodox Christian ideas by Derwas Chitty. He was ordained in 1928 and became a curate in Liverpool, where he was influenced by Charles Raven. After this he became a lecturer to ordination candidates at The Bishop's Hostel in Lincoln. During this time he published a book, The Gospel and the Catholic Church (1936). He then ministered at Boston Stump and at St Bene't's Church, Cambridge, before being offered a canonry at Durham Cathedral and the Van Mildert Professor of Divinity in the Department of Theology at Durham University. After this, in 1950, he became the Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge,[1] but after only a short time, in 1952, he was appointed Bishop of Durham. In 1956 he became Archbishop of York and, in 1961, Archbishop of Canterbury. During his time as archbishop he travelled widely and saw the creation of the General Synod. Retirement ages for clergy were also introduced. Theology and churchmanship As an Anglo-Catholic with a nonconformist background, Ramsey had a broad religious outlook. He had a particular regard for the Eastern Orthodox concept of "glory", and his favourite book he had written was his 1949 work The Transfiguration. During the J.A.T. Robinson Honest to God controversy, he published a short response entitled Image Old and New, in which he engaged seriously with Robinson's ideas. Conscious always of the atheism which his short-lived brother Frank had espoused, he maintained a lifelong respect for honest unbelief, and considered that such unbelief would not automatically be a barrier to salvation. He also made a barefoot visit to the grave of Mahatma Gandhi. However, he declined to become involved in some inter-faith activities. He disliked the theology of Paul Tillich and although he disagreed with a lot of Karl Barth's thinking, his relations with him were warm. Following observations of a religious mission at Cambridge, he had an early dislike of evangelists and mass rallies, which he feared relied too much on emotion. This led him to be critical of Billy Graham, although the two later became friends and Ramsey even took to the stage at a Graham rally in Rio de Janeiro. One of his later books, The Charismatic Christ


Units: The International System Using the Dictionary The International System of Units (SI) All systems of weights and measures, metric and non-metric, are linked through a network of international agreements supporting the International System of Units. The International System is called the SI, using the first two initials of its French name Système International d'Unités. The key agreement is the Treaty of the Meter (Convention du Mètre), signed in Paris on May 20, 1875. 48 nations have now signed this treaty, including all the major industrialized countries. The United States is a charter member of this metric club, having signed the original document back in 1875. The SI is maintained by a small agency in Paris, the International   Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM, for Bureau   International des Poids et Mesures), and it is updated every few years   by an international conference, the General Conference on Weights and Measures   (CGPM,  for Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures),  attended by representatives of all the industrial countries and international  scientific and engineering organizations. The 24th CGPM met in 2011;  the next meeting will be in 2014. As BIPM states on its web site, "The SI  is not static but evolves to match the world's increasingly demanding requirements  for measurement." At the heart of the SI is a short list of base units defined in an absolute way without referring to any other units. The base units are consistent with the part of the metric system called the MKS system . In all there are seven SI base units: the meter for distance, the mole for amount of  substance, and the candela for intensity of  light. Other SI units, called SI derived units , are defined algebraically in terms of these fundamental units. For example, the SI unit of force, the newton , is defined to be the force that accelerates a mass of one kilogram at the rate of one meter per second per second. This means the newton is equal to one kilogram meter per second squared, so the algebraic relationship is N = kg·m·s-2. Currently there are 22 SI derived units that have special names and symbols. They include: the radian and steradian for plane and solid angles, respectively; the newton for force and the pascal for pressure; the joule for energy and the watt for power; the degree Celsius for  everyday measurement of temperature; units for measurement of electricity: the coulomb (charge), volt (potential), farad (capacitance), ohm (resistance), and siemens (conductance); units for measurement of magnetism: the weber (flux), tesla (flux density), and henry (inductance); the lumen for flux of light and  the lux for illuminance; the hertz for frequency of regular events   and the becquerel for rates of radioactivity   and other random events; the gray and sievert for radiation dose; and the katal , a unit of catalytic  activity used in biochemistry. Future meetings of the CGPM may make additions to this list; the katal was  added by the 21st CGPM in 1999. In addition to the 29 base and derived units, the SI permits the use of certain additional units, including: the traditional mathematical units for measuring angles  ( degree , arcminute, and arcsecond ); the traditional units of civil time ( minute , hour , day ,  and year ); two metric units commonly used in ordinary life: the liter for volume and the tonne (metric  ton) for large masses; the logarithmic units bel and neper (and their multiples, such as  the decibel ); and three non-metric scientific units whose values represent  important physical constants: the astronomical  unit , the atomic mass unit or dalton , and the electronvolt . The SI currently accepts the use of certain other metric and non-metric units traditional in various fields. These units are supposed to be "defined in relation to the SI in every document in which they are used," and "their use is not encouraged." These barely-tolerated units might well be prohibited by future meetings of the CGPM. They include: the nautical mile and knot


What spirit drink is the base of a Tom Collins cocktail?

Tom Collins Cocktail Recipe How to make The Tom Collins Cocktail Add the lemon juice, simple syrup and gin to a shaker and fill with ice. Shake well and strain into a highball or Collins glass filled with fresh ice. Top with club soda and garnish with a lemon wheel and a cherry. Other Information Watch Liquor.com advisory board member Simon Ford make a proper Tom Collins in our  How to Cocktail video . Cocktail Profile


Which is the only US state with just one bordering US state?

Which USA State borders only one other USA state? Which USA State borders only one other USA state? By Cynthia Kirkeby Which USA State borders only one other USA state? Maine is the only state that has only one bordering, neighboring state. Cynthia Kirkeby


In which year did all of the following occur: QE2 arrives in New York on her maiden voyage, the Kray twins were jailed for life and Boeing 747 makes its first test flight?

On This Day - United Kingdom United Kingdom Detail 14/10/1066 The armies of William the Conqueror defeat the Saxon army and kill King Harold II of England 03/09/1189 King Richard I is crowned in Westminster following the death of King Henry II . 15/06/1215 King John puts his seal to the Magna Carta at Runnymede granting more freedom to the English barons. 06/01/1367 King Richard II of England is born 22/06/1377 King Richard II becomes King of England at the age of 10 following the death of King Edward III . 25/10/1400 English writer Geoffrey Chaucer dies in London 16/10/1430 King James I of Scotland is born 06/07/1483 King Richard III is crowned King of England. 22/08/1485 King Richard III is killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field ending the War of the Roses . 28/06/1491 King Henry VIII is born in Greenwich Palace, London. 22/04/1509 King Henry VIII is crowned King of England following the death of King Henry VII 11/06/1509 The marriage between King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon is declared null and void. 11/07/1533 Queen Elizabeth I is born in Greenwich. 06/07/1535 Sir Thomas More is executed in London for treason, for refusing to publicly accept King Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England. 30/05/1536 English King Edward VI is born 06/01/1540 England's King Henry VIII marries his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves . The marriage lasts six months. 28/07/1540 King Henry VIII marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard . 13/02/1542 King Henry VIII 's fifth wife, Catherine Howard , is executed for adultery. 12/07/1543 King Henry VIII marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr at Hampton Court Palace. 19/07/1545 The Mary Rose , sinks in the Solent with the loss of 700 lives. 06/07/1553 English King Edward VI dies, he is succeded by Queen Mary I . 23/04/1564 Sir Francis Drake returns to Plymouth in the Golden Hind having circumnavigated the world. 08/02/1587 Mary Queen of Scots , is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle in England after she was implicated in a plot to murder her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I . 02/11/1604 The first performance of William Shakespeare 's tragedy ' Othello ' takes place at the Whitehall Palace in London 05/11/1605 Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators are arrested in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament where they were planting 30 barrels of gunpowder. 23/04/1616 06/09/1620 One hundred and one Pilgrim Fathers set sail for America in the Mayflower , captained by Myles Standish . 27/03/1625 King Charles I ascends to the throne following the death of King James I 29/05/1630 Architect Sir Christopher Wren is born in East Knoyle, Wiltshire. 23/02/1633 English diarist Samuel Pepys is born 18/06/1633 King Charles I is crowned King of Scotland in Edinburgh. 14/10/1633 Scottish King James II is born 04/01/1643 Sir Isaac Newton , English mathematician and natural philosopher is born 01/01/1651 King Charles II is crowned King of Scotland 03/09/1651 Royalist troops supporting Charles II are defeated at the Battle of Worcester by the Parliamentarian army commanded by Oliver Cromwell . 06/09/1651 Following his defeat by Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Worcester, Charles II spends the night hidden in an oak tree at Boscobel. 03/09/1658 Oliver Cromwell , Lord Protector of England dies. 02/09/1666 The Great Fire of London breaks out in Pudding Lane 06/09/1666 The Great Fire of London, having spread to Pye Corner, is put out by rain. 13,000 properties were destroyed but only 6 people died. 10/08/1675 With King Charles II as patron, the foundation stone of the new Royal Observatory is laid at Greenwich, London 25/02/1723 Architect Sir Christopher Wren dies in London following a short illness. 20/03/1727 Sir Isaac Newton , English mathematician and natural philosopher dies 12/07/1730 English pottery designer Josiah Wedgwood is born in Stoke-on-Trent. 29/09/1758 Horatio Nelson is born in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk 14/04/1759 German composer George Frideric Handel dies in London 25/10/1760 Joseph Priestly identifies a new gas which is later called oxygen. 30/08/1797 Mary Shelley , author of Frankenstein , is born as


The Wendigo is a mythical creature in the folklore of which native people?

Wendigo | Warriors Of Myth Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] Origins The Wendigo is a creature with origins in Native American myth and legend, specifically among the Algonquian people (and other Algonquian speaking tribes). It is a malevolent spirit associated with gluttony, cannibalism and similar unpleasant conditions. It poses a threat to all who encounter it, but those in particular danger of being taken over by the spirit's influence were those who were starving, greedy, gluttonous or who themselves, practiced cannibalism. Its connection to the practice of cannibalism and famine led tribe elders to regard cannibalism as highly taboo, even in times of great hunger and famine within the tribe. Not only could it draw a Wendigo's attention to one's tribe, but it could even result in a person turning into a Wendigo. Appearance The appearance of the Wendigo is widely varied. For example, an Ojibwa teacher and scholar from Ontario, Basil Johnston, described the Wendi go as follows: "MUST...FEED..." "The Wendie was gaunt to the point of emaciation, its desiccated skin pulled tautly over its bones. With its bones pushing out against its skin, its complexion the ash gray of death, and its eyes pushed back deep into their sockets, the Wendie looked like a gaunt skeleton recently disinterred from the grave. What lips it had were tattered and bloody [....] Unclean and suffering from suppuration of the flesh, the Wendie gave off a strange and eerie odor of decay and decomposition, of death and corruption." Though, others accounts say that its appearance is similar to a vampire , a werewolf , a zombie , a Sasquatch, a demon or some terrifying abomination combining any of the former. And some are mortal, while others are spirit. Those that are in a spirit form are even harder to identify, since people often confuse their incorporeal forms with run-of-the-mill ghosts. Thus, many suppose that the creatures have no distinct form, but only an amorphous shapeshifting elemental with a connection to the forces of cold, winter, hunger and gluttony. This theory is widely accepted. "She looks good enough to eat!" Behavior The Wendigo can be described by few other words besides malevolent and ravenous. It is unrelenting and uncaring of age, race, gender, religion or sexual orientation. It desires only to eat, to control and to kill. It eats all, attacks any it desires, and will not stop, as it is never satisfied. Though, due to the means by which it is connected to the afterlife and the spirit world, it is most often found in colder regions. However, this affinity for the cold does not preclude attacks in temperate or warmer regions. Its hunger takes it wherever it senses more food, or more potential victims of its possession. Now, one would ask, if a Wendigo can interact with the physical world without a physical body, why would it want or need to take possession of a mortal form? The answer? It doesn't. Rather, it simply delights in the pain that possession causes, and in turning people against one another; one of its numerous sadistic pleasures... Abilities The ravenous Wendigo will NEVER be satisfied... It is the embodiment of cold, winter, famine (especially winter famine), excess, greed, gluttony and cannibalism. As such, it is a being of great and frightening spiritual power. Its aura, uncloaked, is significant to frighten away most, whether animal, humanoid or human. In addition, the connection of the Wendigo to winter gives it the ability to withstand the cold entirely, while its supernatural predatory nature grants it enhanced strength, speed, endurance, senses, reflexes and awareness (with fierce fangs and vicious claws to boot). Not to mention, though capable of interacting with the physical world (similar to a poltergeist ), a Wendigo exists naturally in a spirit form, which is capable of the typical ghostly abilities; invisibility, intangibility, inaudibility, levitation, flight, etc. Even possession. However, it typically saves the latter for more particular prey; those who live in colder areas, are starving, are glutton


What was the name of King Harold of England's brother who fought against him at the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Battle of Stamford Bridge: Saxon King Harold Godwinson Defeats Invading Norwegians | The American Legion's BurnPit Battle of Stamford Bridge: Saxon King Harold Godwinson Defeats Invading Norwegians September 26th, 2013 by Siggurdsson   "Battle of Stamford Bridge" by Peter Nicolai Arbo (1870), oil on canvas Currently in the Nordnorsk Kunstmuseum, Tromso, Norway [Note King Harald of Norway (center) taking an arrow to the throat] (Unless otherwise indicated, all illustrations are courtesy of Wikipedia) Today in Military History: September 25, 1066 [Today's post is an expansion on my very first Burn Pit contribution four years ago.] Any well-read student of history knows the year 1066; battle of Hastings, right? Well, three weeks before the events of October 14, another battle occurred that set the stage for the downfall of Anglo-Saxon rule of England. That fight marks the end of the Age of the Vikings. Background On January 4 or 5, 1066 English monarch Edward the Confessor died. He left no blood heir, and on his deathbed appeared to recognize Harold Godwinson, one of the most powerful nobles of the land, as his successor. Harold's father had had designs on the throne for many years, and probably influenced Edward's final decision. On January 6, the Witenagemot (an advisory council to the Saxon kings) recognized Harold as king, and he was crowned later that day. Within days, William Duke of Normandy (at that time known scathingly as "The Bastard") received word of the events in England; William, who had a claim to the Saxon throne, was *not* pleased. The Norman duke claimed that the late King Edward had offered him the throne, as he was a descendant of the Confessor's uncle, Richard II the former Duke of Normandy. According to certain chroniclers, Harold Godwinson had promised the English throne to William in 1064 or 1065. This claim, however, is quite dubious. [There is also a story that Harold swore to support William while unknowingly having his hand on a table with a cloth covering a number of religious relics.] Saxon King Harold Godwinson (reigned Jan. 6-October 14, 1066) As depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry Nonetheless, Duke William began his preparations. With an invasion looming, King Harold called out the fyrd, the Saxon militia, to guard the southern coast of England. However, the fyrd could only be kept on station for a few months, before their food supplies ran out. Also, the less-than-professional fighting men were needed back home to bring in the harvest. Finally, bad weather had delayed Duke William's invasion fleet. In early September, the fyrdmen were released from their military commitment to return to their homes. As a result, the only Saxon force left to oppose a likely Norman invasion was King Harold's housecarls, elite infantrymen capable of taking on any military unit in Europe. However, in early September another invasion fleet landed in Northumbria in northern England. This force was led by King Harald Sigurdsson of Norway, known by the nom de guerre of Hardrada (literally, the "Hard-Rider," or more simply "Ruthless"). Hardrada also had a claim to the English throne, and brought 300 longships full of soldiers to back it up. Harald Sigurdsson aka Hardrada, "Last of the Vikings" Harald Hardrada (pronounced whore-DROR-da) was born around 1015. He was a half-brother of Norwegian monarch Saint Olaf. It is likely Harald's first military experience took place in 1030, when he fought beside his brother Olaf, who was trying to reclaim the Norse throne. Olaf lost the battle of Stiklestad, also losing his life, and his half-brother Harald – aged 15 – was recognized by the sagas as a fine military commander. [For more information on Stiklestad, please consult my Burn Pit post from July of 2010, battle_of_stiklestad .] Young Harald escaped eastward to the lands of the Kievan Rus. Eventually, Hardrada made his way to Constantinople, where he enlisted in the Varangian Guard, the elite bodyguard of the Byzantine emperors. Harald fought in Asia Minor, Sicily, Bulgaria, and the Middle East. During his time in the Guard,


In which year did all of the following occur: Prime Minister imposes direct rule on Northern Ireland, Idi Amin expels 50,000 Asians in 3 months and St Helens win the Rugby League Challenge Cup?

The Courier week 9 by The Courier Newspaper - issuu issuu Careless staff couldn’t care less CARREFOUR IN SNUB STORM Fury as management ignore plight of paint-splash victim By DONNA GEE A bit of all white: Cathy, Bob and newly-painted wall A British shopper was left orange with rage after being doused in wet paint from a leaking container – and then given the brush-off by staff at Torrevieja’s biggest store. Cathy Ashe and her husband Bob waited 40 minutes to speak to someone in authority, only to be told: ‘‘You’re wasting your time. The management don’t want to know.’’ Continued on p2 96 672 6437 JUNGLE DRUMS Picture of the week 96 672 7334 Continued from front page The Ashes, from Manchester, had gone to the store last week to buy paint to freshen up the walls of their holiday home in El Raso. But they were blissfully unaware of the rogue container, which had seemingly been leaking for hours, if not days, since the dripping paint had formed a small puddle which had begun to congeal. Disaster struck when the Ashes’ trolley spun round as they loaded their own heavy cans of paint. Cathy suddenly found that her legs, white skirt and shoes were covered in paint. The skirt all but ruined, she fled to the ladies’ room…leaving an orange trail in her wake. ‘’I was literally dripping paint,’’ she revealed. ‘’However, it was emulsion paint, so I hoped I might be able to wash it off my skirt.’’ Bob and Cath initially asked a female staff member to contact a supervisor, but the woman dismissed them with a curt: ’’I can’t help. I work in the bedding department.’’ Further requests to two other Carrefour workers, one male, one female - produced the same negative response – the young man saying he would get assistance, then being seen by Bob several minutes later giggling with his colleague in another aisle. And it got worse. Cathy spent 40 minutes cleaning herself up, while Bob waited at the Information Desk after reporting the accident. ‘The girl at the desk did try to get through to someone on the phone – but when she finally put the receiver down, she just said: ‘You’re wasting your time. They don’t want to know.’ ‘’And that was it. They just didn’t care. Nobody had bothered to clear up the mess, which may well have been there for days. For all I know, it may still be there now. Bob added ‘’I reckon it had been there at least 24 hours when Cathy got splashed. It certainly hadn’t happened recently yet there was not even a warning sign, let alone any sort of cordon around it. ‘’The way we were treated was disgusting. We didn’t even get an apology – nothing. It just could not have happened in England. ‘’Other people have told me the service at Carrefour leaves a lot to be desired. After this experience, we certainly won’t be shopping there again.’’ HAVE YOU HAD A BAD EXPERIENCE AT CARREFOUR? Write to The Editor at the address above right or email editor@thecourier.es E-MAIL office@thecourier.es WEB www.thecourier.es HEAD OFFICE Alto del Moncayo s/n, Guardamar del Segura, 03140, ALICANTE PHONE: 96 672 64 37 Email: office@thecourier.es OPENING HOURS Mon - Fri 1030 to 1730 EDITOR Dave Bull (English/Spanish) ADVERTISING SALES 96 672 6437 office@thecourier.es TELESALES 96 672 6437 616 332 178 Sally Los Alcazares, San Javier 618 391 491 Myra Quesada, Rojales, Torrevieja, San Miguel Tel. 618 583 765 Vanessa Gran Alacant, La Marina, Guardamar Tel. 638 741 847 Denise La Zenia, Playa Flamenca, Cabo Roig Tel. 697 241 753 Jean La Zenia, Playa Flamenca, Cabo Roig Tel. 618 898 034 Writers Dave Bull Malcolm Palmer Mick Hardy Spike Paul Payne Sally Bengtsson Tony Mayes Jake Monroe Dan Smith Photographer Mark Welton MADRID BANS 'ATHEIST' EASTER PROCESSION The Government has banned a march originally planned as a ceremony and later formalised as a demonstration has been organized by groups such as the Madrid Association of Atheists and Freethinkers (AMAL), Ateos en Lucha and the Lavapiés Beach N e i g h b o u r h o o d Association. The Madrid authorities stepped in to halt any "atheist procession" being organised by groups for Maundy Thursday. They stat