What is the capital of the former Soviet republic of Azerbaijan?

Azerbaijan | Define Azerbaijan at Dictionary.com Azerbaijan [ah-zer-bahy-jahn, az-er-bahy-jan; Russian uh-zyir-bahy-jahn] /ˌɑ zər baɪˈdʒɑn, ˌæz ər baɪˈdʒæn; Russian ʌ zyɪr baɪˈdʒɑn/ Spell noun 1. Also, Azerbaidzhan. Formerly Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. a republic in Transcaucasia, N of Iran and W of the Caspian Sea. 33,430 sq. mi. (86,600 sq. km). Capital: Baku. a region of NW Iran, divided into two provinces in 1938: East Azerbaijan ( Capital: Orumiyeh). Examples from the Web for Azerbaijan Expand What Azeri Air Bases? Orly Halpern April 23, 2012 [The Cut] Azerbaijan Buys Fashion Real Estate: Azerbaijan (the country) has scooped up some serious fashion property. First Major Jubilee Show Kicks Off in Windsor Tom Sykes May 10, 2012 Historical Examples The armies of the Turks occupied some of the finest parts of the province of Irak and all Azerbaijan. British Dictionary definitions for Azerbaijan Expand noun 1. a republic in NW Asia: the region was acquired by Russia from Persia in the early 19th century; became the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936 and gained independence in 1991; consists of dry subtropical steppes around the Aras and Kura rivers, surrounded by the Caucasus; contains the extensive Baku oilfields. Language: Azerbaijani (or Azeri). Religion: Shiite Muslim. Currency: manat. Capital: Baku. Pop: 9 590 159 (2013 est). Area: 86 600 sq km (33 430 sq miles) 2. a mountainous region of NW Iran, separated from the republic of Azerbaijan by the Aras River: divided administratively into Eastern Azerbaijan and Western Azerbaijan. Capitals: Tabriz and Orumiyeh. Pop: 2 119 524 (2002 est) Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for Azerbaijan Expand country name, of unknown origin, perhaps from Old Persian Aturpatakan, from Greek Atropatene, from the Persian satrap Atropates, who ruled there in the time of Alexander the Great; or from local azer "fire" + baydjan (Iranian baykan) "guardian," in reference to fire-worship. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Expand Azerbaijan [(az-uhr-beye-jahn, ah-zuhr-beye-jahn)] Republic in southwestern Asia , bordered to the north by Georgia and Russia , to the east by the Caspian Sea , to the south by Iran , and to the west by Armenia . Its capital and largest city is Baku. Note: This former member of the Soviet Union declared its independence in 1991. Note: Predominantly Muslim , Azerbaijan has been involved in an often violent dispute with Armenia, its predominantly Christian neighbor, over Nagorno-Karabakh, a mainly Armenian region of Azerbaijan. Note: The country possesses valuable oil reserves. The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.


Which city has underground stations called Dinamo and Lubyanka?

Moscow metro map, plan. Tube maps. Underground Map.      2 races - 10 Rbl (valid three calendar days)      5 races - 20 Rbl (valid thirty days from first entry)      10 races - 35 Rbl (valid thirty days from first entry)      20 races - 70 Rbl (valid thirty days from first entry)      60 races - 150 Rbl (valid thirty days from first entry)      Monthly card (maximum 70 races) - 160 Rbl      To help you find your way, there are several multicolored metro maps in every car (each Metro line has its own specific color scheme), and a loud speaker that announces the name of the station at every stop. The doors open and close automatically.      There is a first-aid station and police post at every station. For information you can ask any metro employee - they wear blue uniforms.      There are international telephones in the metro that use magnetic cards, which you can also get at the cashier. The city phones use magnetic cards too. Check with the Metro outline to map out the route before going anywhere by Metro, it may only help you to avoid many train changes and find the shortest way up to the place you need. The stations of the Moscow Metro are open since 5:30 a.m. The last train leaves its final route-point at 1:00 a.m., late at night, that's the time, when passengers are not allowed to make transitions from one line to another. Many Muscovites go to work and back home by Metro, that's why you should be aware of the rush hours in the Moscow Metro on working days. Try to avoid using Metro during peak hours in the morning, between 7.30 a.m. and 10.30 a.m., and in the evening, from 4.00 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. However, many stations are always overcrowded. In most cases, these are the stations located close to railway and bus terminals, biggest department stores and market places. The main rule a person has to follow, when diving into the depth of the Moscow Metro for the first time, says that no one is to be afraid of a crowd. However, no one should trust the crowd completely and follow it thoughtlessly. If you can't get into the Metro car, don't try to squeeze into it, but wait till next train comes, you might get a better chance of finding a vacant place. If you want to change from one line to another, use the Metro layout to choose and plan the best and the shortest route. The task becomes easier, if a station has only one transfer. As a rule, the Metro guiding boards indicate the lines and stations and you may always find the needed one. The exit boards are also very simple and easy-to read. They display a brief inscription and the names of nearby streets, department stores or organisations. In case a station has two or even more transfers, try to get calm and don't follow the crowd, in this case you may miss your direction. Instead, try to find the information board indicating the needed station. If it doesn't help, don't get scared and try to ask other people for help. In most cases, the Muscovites are friendly enough to show you the way out of the difficult situation. If not, continue to ask the passers-by and the fifth one will definitely help you. Moreover, there is a duty personnel at every station, it's their job to help you. Take care of your personal belongings. The crowd always attracts dishonest people. Please, look after your bags, handbags, pockets, etc. Don't leave your belongings in the Metro trains or in any other public transport. Otherwise, you'll always have a small chance of getting information about the lost things through calling 222-2085 (Metro) and 923-8753 (overland transport). You may always find the Metro entrance easily. Whatever it looks like, it is indicated by big red letter "M" (illuminated in the evenings and late at night). At present, the Moscow Metro cannot provide foreign guests with the information written in English and a newcomer may get serious problems trying to work a way through strange combinations of the Russian letters and words. However, we'll try to cover all major aspects awaiting our foreign guests in the capital of Russia. Remember the meaning of some inscriptions on informa


Which architect (1752-1835) was responsible for the design of the present Royal Pavilion in Brighton?

John Nash: Biography of Regency Architect see: Architecture Glossary . John Nash's Architecture One of the greatest     architects of metropolitan London during the Regency era (c.1810-30),     John Nash was a highly original and prolific designer, best known for     the neoclassical     architecture he used in the Marylebone region of London, notably Regent's     Park (1812-27), an impressive complex of rigorously classical buildings.     Part of the Picturesque movement, he combined irregular views with Neoclassical     structures, making use of the widest variety of styles and urbanistic     ideas. In addition, he was among the initiators of the revival of Gothic     and Renaissance architecture , Exoticism,     and similar styles, that became typical of 19th     century architecture in England. His most famous examples of classicism included city terraces in London (Royal Mews 1825; Cumberland Terrace     1828; Carlton Terrace 1827-32), major urban structures (Theatre Royal     Haymarket 1820), country houses and castellated villas (East Cowes Castle     1798-1802; Ravensworth Castle 1808), and picturesque cottages (Blaise     Hamlet 1810-11). He also designed the neoclassical All Souls Church in     Langham Place (182224), and the gothic-style St. Mary's Church Haggerston     (182527). His most unorthodox building was the Royal Pavilion in     Brighton (1815-22) - a fantastic version of Indian design, with elements     of Chinese, Moorish and Gothic     architecture . The layout of the West End of London, including Trafalgar     Square, St James's Park, and the Royal Mews off the Mall, owes a great     deal to his innovative designs and planning. He also worked on Buckingham     Palace, although here he was less unsuccessful and after the King's death     he lost his royal commissions. See also Victorian     Art (1840-1900).     Biography Born in Lambeth, the son of a millwright,     Nash trained with the architect Sir Robert Taylor (1714-88) and began     as a surveyor and builder, before opening his own architectural practice     at the age of 25. Alas, despite receiving a substantial family inheritance     of £1000 in 1778, Nash's decision to invest in property proved unwise     and he was declared bankrupt five years later. After this, he left London     and settled near his mother in Carmarthen, Wales. It was in Wales that     he completed his first important projects of late-18th     century architecture , the prisons at Carmarthen (1789-92), Cardigan     (1791-96) and Hereford (179296). He also renovated St David's Cathedral     (1789-91) by adding two large flying buttresses, and designed Castle House     Aberystwyth (1795) in Picturesque style. In addition, he designed a dozen     small country houses or "villas", located throughout South Wales,     such as Llanerchaeron (c.1795). While working in the principality, Nash     formed a profitable 8-year partnership with landscape gardener Humphrey     Repton (1752-1818). Then in 1797 he returned to London. His first major project after settling     in London was out of town. In 1798 he designed his own summer residence,     East Cowes Castle, on the Isle of Wight. It was the first of a number     of picturesque Gothic castles that he would build across England. (Later     he also built his own town house at No.14 Regent street: 1819-23). Other     Nash "castles" - all executed in the asymmetrical and picturesque     style of architecture - included:     Luscombe Castle, Devon (180004); Ravensworth Castle, North Durham     (begun 1807); Caerhays Castle, Cornwall (180810); Shanbally Castle,     County Tipperary (1818-19). To these, Nash added groups of buildings,     such as Blaise Hamlet (18101811), considered by some critics to     be the last word in the Picturesque idiom. Another type of design he prod


Name the year: the Winter Olympics are held in Sarajevo, Space shuttle Discovery makes its maiden voyage, Fernando Torres is born.

1984 - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Did you know ... the 1984 Summit tunnel fire in England may have been the biggest underground fire in transportation history? the London Warehouse Theatre was threatened with closure after an Arts Council grant was withdrawn in 1984 , but that closure was averted when Croydon Council and the GLC agreed to replace the grant? the National Bike Registry is a database in the United States that has helped to identify and return stolen bicycles and scooters to their rightful owners since 1984 ? Encyclopedia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the year. For the novel by George Orwell, see Nineteen Eighty-Four . For other uses, see 1984 (disambiguation) . 1984 by topic Subject: Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Aviation – Film – Home video – Literature ( Poetry ) – Meteorology – Music ( Country , Metal ) – Rail transport – Radio – Science – Spaceflight – Sports – Television – Video gaming Countries: February 29 – Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau announces his retirement. March March 22 – Teachers at the McMartin Preschool in Manhattan Beach, California are charged with Satanic ritual abuse of the schoolchildren (the charges are later dropped as completely unfounded). March 23 – General Rahimuddin Khan becomes the first man in Pakistan 's history to rule over 2 of its provinces, after becoming interim Governor of Sindh . April April 6 – The 56th Academy Awards , hosted by Jack Lemmon , are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion . April 12 – Palestinian gunmen take Israeli Bus Number 300 hostage. Israeli special forces storm the bus, freeing the hostages (1 hostage, 2 hijackers killed). April 13 – India launches Operation Meghdoot , as most of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir comes under Indian control. April 15 – British comedian Tommy Cooper suffers a massive heart attack and dies while live on TV. May 8 – Denis Lortie kills 3 government employees in the National Assembly of Quebec building. May 8 – The longest game in Major League Baseball history begins at 7:30 PM between the Milwaukee Brewers and the Chicago White Sox . The game is played over the course of 2 days, lasting 25 innings, with a total time of 8 hours and 6 minutes. May 19 – The Edmonton Oilers defeat the New York Islanders to win their 1st Stanley Cup . May 23 – Methane gas explosion at Abbeystead water treatment works in Lancashire , England kills 16 people. May 27 – An overnight flash flood rages through neighborhoods in Tulsa, Oklahoma . Nearly 15 inches of rain falls in some areas over a four-hour period. 14 persons are killed. May 31 – Mecklenburg Correctional Center - 6 inmates - including James and Linwood Briley escape from a death row facility, the first and only occasion this has ever happened in the US. June 30 June 1 – William M. Gibbons is released as receiver and trustee of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad, after all of its debts and creditors are paid off by order of a federal bankruptcy court. June 5 – The Indian government begins Operation Blue Star , the planned attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar . June 6 – Indian troops storm the Golden Temple at Amritsar , the Sikhs' holiest shrine, killing an estimated 2,000 people. June 8 – A deadly F5 tornado nearly destroys the town of Barneveld, Wisconsin , killing 9 people, injuring nearly 200, and causing over $25,000,000 in damage. June 20 – The biggest exam shake-up in the British education system in over 10 years is announced, with O-level and CSE exams to be replaced by a new exam, the GCSE . June 27 – France beats Spain 2–0 to win the Euro 84 . June 28 – Richard Ramírez , aka the "Night Stalker," murders his first confirmed victim. June 30 – John Napier Turner becomes Canada 's 17th Prime Minister. July July 18 – In San Ysidro, California , 41-year-old James Oliver Huberty sprays a McDonald's resta


Who married Bond actor Daniel Craig in June 2012?

Daniel Craig | Biography, News, Photos and Videos | Contactmusic.com Biography Daniel Craig (born 02.03.1968) Daniel Craig is an English actor most well-known for playing the part of James Bond in 'Casino Royale', 'Quantum of Solace' and 'Skyfall'. Childhood: Daniel Craig was born in Chester, Cheshire, England. His parents are Carol Olivia, an art teacher, and Timothy John Wroughton Craig, the landlord of several pubs and former midshipman in the Merchant Navy. He was brought-up on the Wirral Peninsula and attended a primary school in Frodsham and the Holy Trinity Primary School in Hoylake at which he failed his eleven plus and attended Hilbre High School in West Kirby. Aged 16, he joined the sixth form at Calday Grange Grammar School and he also played for the Hoylake RFC Rugby Union Club. He was into acting from age 6 and joined the National Youth Theatre at 16 before later attending the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and graduating in 1991. Acting career: Daniel was in Tony Kushner's theatre show 'Angels in America' in 1993 and even appeared in an episode of 'Heartbeat' in the same year. He had a starring role in BBC 1996 drama 'Our Friends in the North' and appeared in 'Lara Croft: Tomb Raider' opposite Angelina Jolie in 2001. He was in Sam Mendes's 'Road to Perdition' in 2002 as well as 'Sylvia' in 2003, 'Layer Cake' in 2004 and 'Enduring Love' in 2004. He landed the role as James Bond in 2005 and became the first actor to portray the spy who was born after the series started. The decision to cast Craig was criticized by many particularly because he did not fit the 'tall, dark, handsome' idea of Bond. However, former Bond actors Pierce Brosnan, Timothy Dalton, Sean Connery and Roger Moore welcomed the decision. His first Bond film, 'Casino Royale', grossed $594,239,066 worldwide on its release in 2006 - the highest grossing Bond flick to that date. 'Quantum of Solace' was released in 2008. During filming, Craig got the top of his finger sliced off in an accident. He has said that his favourite Bond actor was Sean Connery and his favourite film is 'From Russia with Love'. 'Skyfall' was released in 2012 and grossed $1.1 billion worldwide making it the 7th highest-grossing film of all time. It won a Golden Globe Award for its theme tune by Adele as well as a BAFTA for Best Original Music. Since being cast as Bond, his other film roles include playing Lord Asriel in 2007's 'The Golden Compass', 2008's 'Defiance', 2011's Hollywood re-make of 'The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo' and 'Cowboys & Aliens'. Personal Life: Craig married actress Fiona Loudon in 1992. They have one daughter called Ella but they divorced in 1994. He was then dating Heike Makatsch for seven years but split with her in 2001. He was then in a relationship with film producer Satsuki Mitchell between 2004 and 2010. Craig married actress Rachel Weisz who he worked with on 'Dream House' on 22 June 2011 in New York City. With just four guests in attendance, their marriage was one of the more secret wedding ceremonies of celebrity culture. He is a fan of Liverpool F.C. Biography by Contactmusic.com


The MP for Leeds Central is the famous son of which famous politician?

How Hilary Benn wrote Syria airstrikes speech gripping the nation at the VERY last minute | Politics | News | Daily Express POLITICS How Hilary Benn wrote Syria airstrikes speech gripping the nation at the VERY last minute HE WROTE much of the speech on his iPad while sitting on the Opposition front bench in the House of Commons and had a KitKat before delivering it. 09:57, Fri, Dec 4, 2015 | UPDATED: 10:40, Fri, Dec 4, 2015 GETTY Hilary Benn's impassioned speech urging air strikes in Syria was reminiscent of his late father But Hilary Benn’s defence of airstrikes on Syria and his condemnation of “evil” Islamic State was no less thorough for those relaxed preparations.  His thoughtful contribution, described as “one of the most celebrated speeches witnessed in Parliament in many years”, has won plaudits for its eloquence.  It was applauded by MPs on both sides of the House – a rare event – and is being lauded as the speech that saw the son emerge from the shadow of his father Tony Benn, who died last year aged 88.  Hilary – MP for Leeds Central who has described himself as “a Benn, not a Bennite” to distinguish his views from his father’s Left-wing ideology – was until this week recognised principally for his connection to his famous father rather than for his position as shadow foreign secretary, a role he has held since May.  But the younger Benn’s stirring and war-justifying speech has changed all that and now the genteel, bespectacled MP is being spoken of as a possible Labour leader.  Hilary, 62, was first taken on a visit to the Houses of Parliament by his father when he was four (at the time Tony Benn was 32 and one of the youngest MPs).  Hilary once said his abiding memory of the visit was seeing an elderly politician sitting on the Commons benches below.  “I remember looking down on the chamber. There was a man in a black jacket and stripy trousers, whose legs didn’t quite touch the ground.  Related articles Hilary Benn is one of the most senior moderates in Jeremy Corbyn's shadow cabinet GETTY Hilary first visited the Houses of Parliament aged four, with his MP dad Tony Benn’s niece Emily, daughter of his elder brother Stephen and a member of Croydon Borough Council, is the fifth generation of politicised Benns.  Dad always said that what people are looking for, particularly in difficult times, is a sense of hope and encouragement Hilary Benn She stood unsuccessfully as a Labour candidate in the 2010 and 2015 general elections.  Like his father, Hilary is a vegetarian and a teetotaller but they are not cut from the same cloth. They may both be famed for their old-school manners and single-mindedness but it is more than the father’s famous pipe and mug of tea that are missing.  Benn junior may strongly resemble his hard-Left father in his speaking style but he was a New Labour loyalist and is the most senior moderate in Jeremy Corbyn’s shadow cabinet.  After leaving Parliament Tony Benn was president of the Stop the War Coalition from 2001 until his death in 2014, so ideologically they appear poles apart.  But one thing they do share is integrity. During the expenses scandal Hilary was recognised as one of only three senior Labour members to have presented expenses beyond reproach.  Benn’s first wife Rosalind died of cancer in 1979 at the age of 26. Three years later he married Sally Clark, with whom he has four children.  His own mother Caroline, who also died of cancer in 2000, was an American educationalist.  GETTY Hilary as a child sitting between his mother Caroline, MP father Tony and brother Stephen She met Tony Benn over tea at Worcester College, Oxford, in 1949 and nine days later accepted his proposal on a park bench that her husband later bought and placed in the garden of their home in London’s Holland Park.  Hilary was the second of their four children. While he was at university his father announced that he wished to be known as plain Tony Benn, rather than Anthony Wedgwood Benn.  This followed his decision to renounce the hereditary title conferred upon his father Lord Stansgate in 1942 by Churchi


In World War 2 Operation Husky was the code name for the Allied invasion of which island?

Invasion of Sicily - World War II - HISTORY.com Invasion of Sicily A+E Networks Introduction After defeating Italy and Germany in the North African Campaign (November 8, 1942-May 13, 1943) of World War II (1939-45), the United States and Great Britain, the leading Allied powers, looked ahead to the invasion of occupied Europe and the final defeat of Nazi Germany. The Allies decided to move next against Italy, hoping an Allied invasion would remove that fascist regime from the war, secure the central Mediterranean and divert German divisions from the northwest coast of France where the Allies planned to attack in the near future. The Allies’ Italian Campaign began with the invasion of Sicily in July 1943. After 38 days of fighting, the U.S. and Great Britain successfully drove German and Italian troops from Sicily and prepared to assault the Italian mainland. Google The Allies Target Italy When the Allies won the North African Campaign on May 13, 1943, a quarter-million German and Italian troops surrendered at Tunisia, on the north coast of Africa. With the huge Allied army and navy in the southern Mediterranean now freed for further action, British and American strategists faced two options: Transfer these forces north for the impending invasion of Europe from the English Channel, or remain in theater to strike at southern Italy, which British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (1874-1965) called “the soft underbelly of Europe.” At this crossroads, the Allies, after some dissension, decided to press north into Italy. The stepping stone to its mainland would be the island of Sicily, in part because the Allies could depend on fighter cover from air bases on British Malta, 60 miles south of Sicily and recently freed from a siege by Axis forces. Did You Know? British Lieutenant Commander Ewen Montagu (1901-1985), mastermind of Operation Mincemeat, described the ingenious counterintelligence operation in his 1954 book "The Man Who Never Was." A 1957 film of the same name featured Montagu in a cameo as a British intelligence officer critical of the plan. The invasion was assisted by some subterfuge. In April 1943, a month before the Allied victory in North Africa, German agents recovered the body of a British Royal Marine pilot from the waters off a Spanish beach. Documents in an attaché case handcuffed to the officer’s wrist provided a goldmine of intelligence about the Allies’ secret plans, and German agents quickly sent the documents up the chain of command where they soon reached German leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). Hitler studied the captured plans carefully, and, taking full advantage of their top-secret details, directed his troops and ships to reinforce the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, west of Italy, against an impending Allied invasion. There was only one problem: The recovered body–which was not a Royal Marine but actually a homeless man from Wales who had committed suicide–and its documents, were an elaborate British diversion called Operation Mincemeat. By the time Hitler redirected his troops in the summer of 1943, a massive Allied invasion force was sailing to Sicily. The Allies Land at Sicily The invasion of Sicily, code-named Operation Husky, began before dawn on July 10, 1943, with combined air and sea landings involving 150,000 troops, 3,000 ships and 4,000 aircraft, all directed at the southern shores of the island. This massive assault was nearly cancelled the previous day when a summer storm arose and caused serious difficulties for paratroopers dropping behind enemy lines that night. However, the storm also worked to the Allies’ advantage when Axis defenders along the Sicilian coast judged that no commander would attempt amphibious landings in such wind and rain. By the afternoon of July 10, supported by shattering naval and aerial bombardments of enemy positions, 150,000 Allied troops reached the Sicilian shores, bringing along 600 tanks. The landings progressed with Lieutenant General George S. Patton (1885-1945) commanding American ground forces and General Bernard L. Montgomery (1887-1976) leadin


Who partnered Andy Murray to win the silver medal in the final of the mixed doubles at the 2012 London Olympics?

Andy Murray and Laura Robson win Olympic silver medal for Team GB | Sport | The Guardian Andy Murray and Laura Robson win Olympic silver medal for Team GB • Belarussian pair Max Mirnyi and Victoria Azarenka win gold • Final goes to champions' tie-breaker after ending one set all Sunday 5 August 2012 13.53 EDT First published on Sunday 5 August 2012 13.53 EDT Share on Messenger Close And for dessert at Wimbledon, silver. It was always going to be a major assignment for Andy Murray to back up in the mixed doubles final with Laura Robson against two of the best in the discipline, Victoria Azarenka and Max Mirnyi, after his singles triumph less than an hour earlier. In a tight, entertaining contest, the Belarussians won 2-6, 6-3, 10-8, the super-breaker weirdly anticlimactic – although obviously not for the winners. It was a big day for both of them: a gold to go with her singles bronze for Azarenka, and Mirnyi's first, and almost certainly last, Olympic gold at 35. "They are a really good team," Robson said. "It was tough to lose. I just want to thank Andy for playing with me. It's been one of the best weeks of my life. I was just happy to be in the final." Murray, who looked as if he could go another few sets, said: "She played unbelievably well, great returns. It was down to just one or two points. I would have signed up for gold and silver at the start. It was just annoying to lose in the super‑breaker." A few fans had left for home after Murray's thrilling straight-sets victory over Roger Federer to win Great Britain's 16th gold medal of the Olympics, and those who stayed behind braced themselves for a double celebration when the British pair, in sublime form, raced to 4-0 in just 15 minutes. Robson's reflexes were razor sharp at the net and Murray, belting the ball frighteningly hard at times, found space wide and deep, mostly in the vicinity of Azarenka. They looked in good shape taking the first set in half an hour, and the crowd Mexican-waved with their usual late-afternoon enthusiasm – although the sight of the Belarus flag in the royal box may have been a discordant backdrop for crustier elements of the All England Club. You let these people in and, in two shakes, they've got their feet up on the furniture. But like the monarch's double who jumped from the helicopter during the opening ceremony, this is not your "actual" Wimbledon. It is the Olympics, and all the better for it, in many ways. Every day has been People's Sunday. Mixed doubles is a curious spectacle, nevertheless, a playground for bullies, in some ways, and who could blame either of the men for picking out the opponent less likely to get the ball back? That said, Robson, the youngest player of the four, and playing in by some way the biggest match of her life, contributed significantly, especially in the first set, as her relaxed racket intercepted several of Mirnyi's crosscourt efforts. There was little in it in the second set, although Azarenka and Mirnyi took heart from an early break and were hitting their strokes with increased confidence in the tie-break, first to 10 points. Murray and Robson looked out of it at 0-3 but levelled, then gritted their teeth in the race to 10 points. A crying baby interrupted play at 5-4, when Murray got them to 5-5 on Mirnyi's serve, and the atmosphere was tense. With Murray serving as well as he can have done all year, they changed ends at 6-6, but Mirnyi picked out Robson at the net off a much slower second serve by the Scot, and the momentum was with Belarus. Azarenka held and Robson served to stay in the match. Murray got them to 7-9. When Mirnyi shanked Robson's serve the lead was cut to a point and a hush fell over the crowd as he served for the gold medal. Azarenka clinched it with a deft backhand that speared awkwardly at Robson's ankles, and the teenager could do little more than put a racket on it. Still, she has an Olympic medal – not bad after squeaking into the singles at the last minute and losing her opening women's doubles with Heather Watson. And Murray won't be complaining about a bit more silver


in Greek mythology, who were Aglaea, Euphrosyne and Thalia?

Euphrosyne Euphrosyne See More Euphrosyne Pictures > In Greek mythology, Euphrosyne was one of the Three Charites or Three Graces. She was also mentioned as Euthymia . Her sisters were Thalia and Aglaea . She and her sisters were daughters of Zeus and the Oceanid Eurynome . Their task in the world was to fill it with joy and pleasant times. They were often the companions of the goddess Aphrodite and Eros , dancing together with the Nymphs and the Muses. Euphrosyne , specifically, was the personification of beauty and grace . Euphrosyne Is also called Euthymia.


Designed by Howard Hughes, the Hughes H-4 Hercules aircraft, only of which was produced, in 1947, was known by what nickname?

The Hughes H-4 "Hercules"   "The Spruce Goose" Evergreen Aviation Museum The Hughes H-4 Hercules (registration NX37602) was a prototype heavy   transport aircraft designed and built by the Hughes Aircraft company. The   aircraft made its only flight on November 2, 1947. Built from wood due to   wartime raw material restrictions on the use of aluminum, it was nicknamed   the "Spruce Goose" by its critics. The Hercules is the largest flying boat   ever built, and has the largest wingspan and height of any aircraft in   history. It survives in good condition at the Evergreen Aviation Museum in McMinnville, Oregon, USA. Due to wartime restrictions on the availability of metals, the H-4 was   built almost entirely of laminated birch, not spruce as its nickname   suggests. The plywood and resin "Duramold" process,[1] a form of composite technology, was used in the laminated wood construction.   The aircraft was considered a technological tour de force.[2] The aircraft was not finished in time for use in World War II and   never advanced beyond the single prototype produced.   It's Design & Development   In 1942, the U.S. Department of War was faced with the need to   transport war materiel and personnel to Britain. Allied shipping in the   Atlantic Ocean was suffering heavy losses to German U-boats, so a   requirement was issued for an aircraft that could cross the Atlantic with a   large payload. Due to wartime priorities, the design was further constrained   in that the aircraft could not be made of metal. The aircraft was the brainchild of Henry J. Kaiser, who directed the   Liberty ships program. He teamed with aircraft designer Howard Hughes to   create what would become the largest aircraft built at that time. When   completed, it was capable of carrying 750 fully-equipped troops or one M4   Sherman tank.[3] The original   designation "HK-1" reflected the Hughes and Kaiser collaboration.[2] The HK-1 contract in 1942, issued as a development contract,[4] called for three aircraft to be constructed under a two-year deadline in   order to be available for the war effort.[5] Seven configurations were considered, including twin-hull and single-hull   designs with combinations of four, six and eight wing-mounted engines.[6] The final design chosen was a behemoth, eclipsing any large transport then   built.[4][7] To conserve metal, it would be built mostly of wood (elevators and rudder   were fabric covered[8]);   hence, the "Spruce Goose" moniker tagged on the aircraft by the media. It   was also referred to as the Flying Lumberyard by critics. Hughes   himself detested the nickname "Spruce Goose".[9] While Kaiser had originated the "flying cargo ship" concept, he did   not have an aeronautical background and deferred to Hughes and his designer,   Glenn Odekirk.[7] Development dragged on, which frustrated Kaiser, who blamed delays partly on   restrictions placed for the acquisition of strategic materials such as   aluminum, but also placed part of the blame on Hughes' insistence on "perfection."[10] Although construction of the first HK-1 had taken place 16 months after the   receipt of the development contract, Kaiser withdrew from the project.[9] Hughes continued the program on his own under the designation "H-4   Hercules" (initially identified as the HFB-1 to signify Hughes Flying Boat,   First Design,[8])   signing a new government contract that now limited production to one   example. Work proceeded slowly, with the result that the H-4 was not   completed until well after the war was over. Click on Picture to enlarge RMS Queen Mary at Long Beach, California Hercules at Evergreen Aviation Museum A size comparison    between four of the largest aircraft, and the Airbus A380-800 (pink). News story on the Hercules Click on Picture to enlarge Wing     construction for the Spruce Goose. Rearward view of the H-4's fuselage Size comparison between H-4 and a DC-3 Hughes H-4 Hercules on its maiden flight In 1947,


Credenzas, Buffet Furniture & Sideboard Cabinets | OfficeFurniture.com Ready to Assemble Office Credenzas with Hutch & Computer Sideboard Furniture Have you been searching for a work surface that offers storage and ample room for all of your work and projects? We have all kinds of credenzas - ones with a hutch, computer sideboard cabinets that offer plenty of storage, and more. No matter the type you're looking for, you'll have a sideboard cabinet that allows you to charge your laptop, store your printer, and keep business papers out of sight. Our computer credenzas are a popular choice for many home offices and are carefully selected from trusted brands like Sauder Office Furniture and Martin Furniture among others. A credenza with a hutch is designed to bring ample storage and work surface space together in an efficient and visually appealing way. Low Office Cabinets & Sideboard Consoles with Storage Credenzas with hutches have been in existence for centuries, but have been reinvented in recent years to reflect modern needs and tastes such as being able to accommodate an office computer and other electrical components. Low sideboard cabinets offer an incredible amount of storage, making them ideal choices for use as a desk in an executive or home office. Sideboard credenzas with file drawers add an extra level of convenience to your office, helping you stay efficient. Low office cabinets are ideal additions to larger offices whose users find themselves in need of additional filing, storage or work surface space. Selecting the right furniture can make a huge difference in the overall flow of your office. Credenza desks are offered in numerous styles, including contemporary and traditional designs. Need even more storage space than your credenza can hold? Storage hutches with doors can be added to your credenza to provide a concealed space for housing supplies and paperwork. If you’d like to conceal your computer monitor as well, consider working with an armoire. Office armoires offer compact and concealable computer storage to keep your workspace looking its best whether it’s in use or not. Residential furnishings are at their best when they match your own personal taste, household budgets and working needs. Home desk furniture is typically offered in the form of entertainment consoles and modern sideboard tables with each serving a unique purpose to contribute to the efficiency of your workplace. Add a console table to your entryway or behind your sofa to instantly increase your storage space and the visual appeal of your office or waiting room. OfficeFurniture.com specializes in furniture for home offices and offers an impressive 9 year guarantee.


Which title was held by the father of Queen Victoria?

PBS : Empires : Queen Victoria : Her Majesty : Queen Victoria Portrait of Queen Victoria. The Royal Collection Windsor. Princess Alexandrina Victoria was not only born to be Queen of England: she was conceived to be Queen.  Once Princess Charlotte, the only legitimate child of the Prince of Wales, the future George IV, died in childbirth late in 1817, her son stillborn, the nation was plunged into mourning and her unmarried uncles stirred into competition to sire an heir to the throne. With the Prince of Wales, Prince Regent for his insane father, George III, separated from the future (but uncrowned) Queen Caroline, no lawful successor would come that way.  To solve the succession dilemma, the royal brothers, princes of the blood, most of them with mistresses and illegitimate progeny, were ordered to marry and beget, with their reward for success a promised cancellation of their heavy debts. Although William IV, the Duke of Clarence (1830-37), duly married a minor German princess, no child of his survived early infancy. Next in line, Edward, Duke of Kent, would jettison his mistress of many years and marry the widowed Victoire, Duchess of Amorbach, who had proved her fertility during her first marriage. When she became pregnant, it became necessary, once she could travel, to leave her small German dukedom and give birth on English soil to establish unquestionable credentials for the child's likely inheritance. But beset by debt unresolved by the Regent, the Duke encountered delays in raising the money to get his entourage across the Channel.  On 28 March 1819, in her eighth month, the Duchess set off, arriving at Dover on 24 April, barely in time for the accouchement.  At Kensington Palace, in apartments reluctantly granted by the Regent, who disliked his improvident brother, the future queen was born on 24 May.  The new princess was christened a month later, with none of the usual royal names available to her parents because of the Regent's refusal to permit another Charlotte or Elizabeth or Georgina. Since the Russian tsar, Alexander I, was godfather in absentia, his name was available, and even as late as the morning of her accession, at eighteen, on June 20, 1837, the public was unsure of the official name of the new queen.  She had always been known as Victoria, however, and was so proclaimed.  Fatherless as an infant-her father had died on January 23, 1820, only six days before his own father, George III-she was dominated by her ambitious mother, who hoped for a Regency for herself if William IV died before Victoria's eighteenth birthday.  Stubbornly, the ailing king held on just long enough for his niece to reign in her own right.  But she proved wilful and difficult, creating embarrassments at Court that led her advisers, notably the avuncular Viscount Melbourne, the Prime Minister, to press her to marry.  A husband might control her, and in any case the nation needed a guaranteed succession. Victoria's mother and her Coburg brothers arranged to keep the prospective marriage within the family.  Yet they were assisted by the dearth of acceptable Protestant candidates among European royals, some of whom the young Queen interviewed to her disappointment. Late in 1839, however, when she met Prince Albert, the younger son of her uncle Ernest, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, for only the second time (three years earlier he had been a callow teen-ager), she was smitten.  A student at the University of Bonn, he was clearly her intellectual superior-and, she thought, beautiful.  She proposed (he could not, as she was Queen), and they were married in February 1840. At first, Albert only wielded the blotting paper as she signed documents. He was uneasy about his lack of occupation and status; but he had been employed to ensure the succession. Biology thereafter ensured his role. When Victoria became so visibly pregnant that she could not appear ceremonially, Albert assumed her functions.  Once she became heavy and listless, he also became, in effect, the senior partner (although five months her jun


Who was the last American tennis player to win the men's singles title at the US Open?

Wimbledon Mens Players | Mens Singles Champions | Andy Murray | Roger Federer Mens Players Wimbledon Mens Singles We take a look at the mens singles competition, providing background and chances of the players for the 2011 tournament at the All England Club. Many Tennis fans would argue that Wimbledon is the toughest of the four majors to win as it is the only one played on a grass surface. The winner must therefore be versatile in handling the different challenges that playing on grass poses. Please check here for details of the 2010 Wimbledon mens seedings . The 2011 Men’s singles at Wimbledon promises yet again to be as exciting as ever with Roger Federer favourite in the Wimbledon mens singles betting to win the crown once again afre beating Andy Roddick last year. Nadal’s victory in 2008 prevented Federer from becoming the first man in Wimbledon history to record six straight wins, he will be back at SW19 for the first time since and desperate to regain his crown. In some media circles Federer was being written off last year, but he came back to the top when he won the US Open Tennis for the fifth straight year, defeating Britain's Andy Murray in the final. He then lost to Nadal in the Australian Open final in another five set epic, before achieving his greatest moment in tennis, when he won the French Open title for the first time. That win gave him a record equalling fourteen Grand Slams a record he shares with, Sampras and he also became the first man since Andre Agassi to win all four Grand Slam titles. We think that Federer should win once more this year but the following players all have chances Robin Soderling Fred Perry - The last British Mens Single Champion Fred Perry was the last British mens single champion at Wimbledon when he won the title for the third and final time in 1936. Perry, had won the previous two mens singles titles at the 1934 and 1935 Championship and despite being some years ago reports suggest that he was one of the greatest ever Wimbledon champions. Can Scot, Andy Murray emulate the great man this year? Murray has been in outstanding form this year and won the the title at Queens Club last week. He has shot up to number three in the world rankings and is third favourite to win in the mens singles betting. He reached the quarter finals last year where he was beaten by Rafa Nadal. Tim Henman remains the only British player to get to the semi finals in recent years, he achieved this four times in total. Modern Era Mens Wimbledon Champions In recent years, some of the biggest names in mens Tennis have lifted the famous Mens Singles trophy. Four times champion Rod Laver was the first male to claim the title in the open era in 1968 and 1969. Fellow Australian John Newcombe won back to back championships in 1970 and 1971 before Bjorn Borg won four consecutive titles between 1976 - 79. During the 80s, the Wimbledon mens singles title was won by great names such as John McEnroe, Boris Becker and Stefan Edberg, all who won the title on more than one occasion during the decade. American great Pete Sampras dominated the title in the 90s winning the mens singles crown a total of seven times between 1993 and 2000, only Richard Krajicek stopped him from winning a Wimbledon record eight straight titles. In recent years, the mens singles game has been all about Roger Federer who has won the last four Wimbledon mens singles championships and the Swiss star shows no signs of slowing down his dominance of the mens game. Past Wimbledon Mens Singles Winners 1980 B. Borg (Sweeden)


The 2010 book Arthur and George by Julian Barnes is a fictional account of a real relationship. Who was the real-life basis for the character of Arthur?

Amazon.com: Customer Reviews: Arthur & George Arthur & George 4.0 out of 5 stars 221 176 people found this helpful 4.0 out of 5 starsGeorge Is My Hero ByBart Kingon April 21, 2006 Although I'm aware of his reputation, I have never read Julian Barnes before. But I could tell from the beginning of this book that I was in the hands of a master. In ARTHUR AND GEORGE, Barnes writes very convincingly in a Victorian Age style. His book describes the parallel experiences of George Edalji, a methodical Englishman of East Indian descent, and Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes stories, Peer of the Realm, and sportsman. This book is based on a true story of how George's legal predicament evolved into a landmark case regarding appeals. I am reluctant to reveal plot details for fear of spoiling anyone's enjoyment of the tale. Rest assured that the book is abominably clever, and Barnes has a real gift for slipping in details that reveal much to the observant reader. I will warn of two things, however. First, this book employs a good deal of exposition, particularly in the early going. Stick with it, as once the background is painted in, Barnes does marvelous things moving the tale forward. My other concern is that the book does lag badly at its mid-point mark. Although the two protagonists are quite different, Doyle is oddly the less interesting of the two characters at that stage. We come to admire George and his steadfastness, while we come to see Doyle as a man constantly on the move, seemingly trying to escape from under the heel of his own repressed virility. (Boy, I never thought I'd write a sentence like that.) These cavils aside, a brilliant book. I'm glad to have read it. 21 people found this helpful 3.0 out of 5 starsFlat-footed Fictionalization ByDavid Cadyon July 5, 2008 The strange case of George Edalji, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's quest to prove him innocent after years of public humiliation and imprisonment, is an interesting one -- I just don't think Julian Barnes is the right author to tell it. His approach is an intellectual and chilly one, when I think a little more emotion and heart would have done more to draw the reader -- at least this one -- in. And Barnes is inconsistent in his storytelling. After having Conan Doyle agonize at length over how his children will react to his potential remarriage, Barnes never tells us; the wedding and wedding party are presented in laborious detail (including a description of the bride's gown that seems to have been copied verbatim from accounts of the time), and yet not a word from the kids. Oh, well, I guess it wasn't important after all. I'm a fan of mysteries, so I found the section in which Conan Doyle plays Sherlock Holmes quite rewarding. But the book is ultimately done in by Barne's pedantic, scholarly approach. He's obviously done his research, but does he have to include every piece of it? (An insignificant cricket match is described in an excruciatingly detailed play by play; what's the point, and why should we care?) And when Barnes tries for poignancy and profundity (particularly in the endless epilogue), the results are generally perfunctory and flat. Additionally, the headings that Barnes has given to the book's individual parts strive for meaning, but are just mystifying and pretentious. All in all, I think a non-fiction approach (from a Sebastian Junger, perhaps) would have been a much more effective way of telling this fascinating story. Format: Kindle Edition | Verified Purchase Julian Barnes seems to have no capacity for developing interesting characters. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle seems like a pompous bore which he was most likely not. The George of the story was probably not as lifeless as Barnes' portrayal. The situation Barnes describes is timely, the miscarriage of justice and racism. It seems that very little has changed in the last 100 years. The book feels too long because the characters are poorly developed so who cares about their childhoods or early careers. He could have just focused on the trial and Conan Doyle's detecti


Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are what type of element?

Properties of the Halogens About Watch and Favorite Watch Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. Favorite Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the “My Resources” tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you’re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. Properties of the Halogens Halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine) are nonmetal elements that are highly electronegative and reactive. Learning Objective Describe the physical and chemical properties of halogens. Key Points Halogens are nonmetals in group 17 (or VII) of the periodic table. Down the group, atom size increases. As a diatomic molecule , fluorine has the weakest bond due to repulsion between electrons of the small atoms. Due to increased strength of Van der Waals forces down the group, the boiling points of halogens increase. Therefore, the physical state of the elements down the group changes from gaseous fluorine to solid iodine. Due to their high effective nuclear charge , halogens are highly electronegative . Therefore, they are highly reactive and can gain an electron through reaction with other elements. Halogens can be harmful or lethal to biological organisms in sufficient quantities. Terms Register for FREE to remove ads and unlock more features! Learn more Full Text The halogens are a series of non-metal elements from group 17 of the periodic table (formerly VII). The halogens include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). The artificially created element 117 (ununseptium) may also be considered a halogen. Physical Properties Atoms get bigger down the group as additional electron shells are filled. When fluorine exists as a diatomic molecule, the F–F bond is unexpectedly weak. This is because fluorine atoms are the smallest of the halogens—the atoms are bonded close together, which leads to repulsion between free electrons in the two fluorine atoms. The boiling points of halogens increase down the group due to the increasing strength of Van der Waals forces as the size and relative atomic mass of the atoms increase. This change manifests itself in a change in the phase of the elements from gas (F2, Cl2) to liquid (Br2), to solid (I2). The halogens are the only periodic table group containing elements in all three familiar states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) at standard temperature and pressure . Halogens represents all of the three familiar states of matter: (left to right) chlorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid. Highly reactive fluorine is not included in the picture. Chemical Properties Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons or electron density towards itself within a covalent bond . Electronegativity depends upon the attraction between the nucleus and bonding electrons in the outer shell. This, in turn, depends on the balance between the number of protons in the nucleus, the distance between the nucleus and bonding electrons, and the shielding effect of inner electrons. In hydrogen halides (HX, where X is the halogen), the H-X bond gets longer as the halogen atoms get larger. This means the shared electrons are further from the halogen nucleus, which increases the shielding of inner electrons. This means electronegativity decreases down the group. Halogens are highly reactive, and they can be harmful or lethal to biological organisms in sufficient quantities. This reactivity is due to high electronegativity and high effective nuclear charge. Halogens can gain an electron by reacting with atoms of other elements. Fluorine is one of the most reactive elements. It reacts with otherwise inert materials such as glass , and it forms compounds with the heavier noble gases . It is a corrosive and highly toxic gas. Fluorine's reactivity means that once it does react with something, it bonds so strongly that the resulting molecule is inert and non-reactive. Fluorine can react with glass i


Which small rodent, often kept as a pet, is also known as a jird or sand rat?

gerbil - definition and meaning gerbil Definitions from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition n. Any of various small, mouselike rodents of the genus Gerbillus and related genera of arid regions of Africa and Asia Minor, having long hind legs and a long tail. n. The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), having large dark eyes and a long furry tail and often kept as a pet. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License n. One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe. v. To rotate inside a monowheel or similar apparatus due to sudden acceleration or braking. v. To insert a small animal into the rectum of a person. from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English n. One of several species of small, jumping, murine burrowing rodents, of the genus Gerbillus and related genera of the subfamily Gerbillinae. They have long soft pale fur and hind legs adapted for leaping. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe. n. A rodent (Meriones unguiculatus) of the subfamily Gerbillinae that is commonly kept as a pet; it is also called the tamarisk gerbil, sand rat and jird. Its natural habitats are the dry regions of Northern Africa and Asia. from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia n. A book-name of any animal of the subfamily Gerbillinœ. from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. n. small Old World burrowing desert rodent with long soft pale fur and hind legs adapted for leaping Etymologies from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition French gerbille, from New Latin Gerbillus, genus name, from diminutive of gerbō, jerboa, variant of Medieval Latin jerbōa; see jerboa. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License French gerbille, from Latin gerbo, from Arabic يربوع (yarbūʕ, "jerboa"). Examples


Film Appreciation - What is a Gaffer?   Printing? Use this version. Much of the material included in this article has been adapted from Ephraim Katz's The Film Encyclopedia and Baseline's Encyclopedia of Film. Have you ever been to a movie and sat through the credits only to wonder what those strange names were? Trying to read the flood of credits at the end of a movie is daunting at best and downright impossible under many circumstances. After all, gaffer, key grip and best boy are not titles that most people use every day -- but if you are a genuine movie buff, you may find the following credits interesting. (What the heck, you can always amaze and dazzle your friends with your knowledge, and at the very least you will do much better the next time you play "You Don't Know Jack"©.) Aside from that, your friendly local Film Teacher thinks it would be nice to give credit to the small army of people out there who really are responsible for the stuff we watch on the silver screen - as my grandma always said, "give credit where credit is due." Associate Producer: The much-maligned title of associate producer can mean many things. These individuals often help the producer with numerous post-production activities including lab work, dubbing, and special effects. Occasionally, this title is granted to friends, relatives, and business partners of the powers-that-be. Casting: Casting directors are not responsible for determining what the final cast list will actually look like. What they are responsible for is determining who will have the opportunity to audition for the producer and director of the film. A good casting director can make or break a film. If you have any doubts about that, think about the number of times you have seen an actor in a minor or major role turn in such a poor performance that it left you scratching your head in amazement and asking the question, "Wow! Who do you suppose they knew?" Director: The director is responsible for the entire creative end of the film. Ultimately, the success or failure of the film rests with the director. Can you say, "big job"? The director determines the eventual look of the film, or at least they try to. Sometimes, creative control is removed from the director; when this happens directors have been known to have their name removed form the credits and to have the name Alyn Smithee substituted as director. First Assistant Director: Think of the first assistant director as the film's general contractor. It is the first assistant director's job to turn the directors dreams into concrete reality. They are the people who make sure that every thing and every one is in the appropriate place at the appropriate time. These people wield tremendous power - they get to yell "Lunch!" It is also the AD's voice that appeals for "Quiet on the set!" and orders the camera operator to "Roll." Prior to the start of production, the AD is often assigned to break down the script for a shooting schedule (the shooting schedule is exactly what it sounds like - a calendar that lists what scenes will be shot in which order and on which days). This particular job often serves as a gateway to other positions, most notably that of director or producer. Second Assistant Director: The second assistant director is the person who makes certain that the first assistant director's orders are carried out. They are frequently in charge of filming "we-the-people scenes" (scenes that feature casts of thousands where the primary actors are not seen). They are often assigned to film battle sequences and stunt sequences where extras are utilized. This particular job can also serve as a gateway to other positions, such as that of director or producer. Script Supervisor: This is the person who is in charge of what is known as "continuity" in the industry. Continuity refers to the job of making certain that a movie that is actually shot out of sequence (most films are) eventually makes sense. Script supervisors make certain that actors say the same lines and wear t


In which English city would you find Clifford's Tower?

Clifford's Tower, York | English Heritage English Heritage     The stunning panoramic views over Old York from the top of Clifford's Tower, make it the ideal starting point for any visit to the city. There's plenty to discover at this imposing tower standing proud on its high mound. It is almost all that remains of York Castle built by William the Conqueror, and has served as a prison and a royal mint in its time. English Heritage has received approval on plans to enchance the visitor experience at Clifford's Tower. Significant investment at the York landmark will create a new viewing platform at the top of the tower, suspended metal walkways within the tower giving access to previously unseen features and a welcoming visitor centre at the base of the mound.  Find out more about the project  and planned closures.  Clifford's Tower Timeline 1068-9York's Castles William the Conqueror builds two motte-and-bailey castles in York, one of them where Clifford's Tower now stands. Find out more about the history of York's castles and Clifford's Tower 1069Royal Vengeance Both castles are burnt by Danish invaders, supported by the people of York. William rebuilds the castles and as punishment lays waste to wide areas of northern England. 1190Jewish Massacre The York Jewish community take refuge in the tower from a mob. Unable to escape, they commit mass suicide, and the wooden tower is set on fire. Survivors are killed. 1245-72Stone Tower Read a description of Clifford's Tower 1537Robert Aske’s Execution After the northern Pilgrimage of Grace against Henry VIII, the rebel leader Robert Aske is hanged in chains, allegedly from the tower walls. 1590sDemolition Attempt The tower's keeper begins to dismantle it to sell its materials. The aldermen of York stop him. 1644Defending York Royalists garrison the tower in defence of York during the Civil War siege. 1684Destruction of the Tower An explosion, possibly sabotage, destroys the interior and ends the tower’s military use. 18th centuryLost to History Much of York Castle's stonework is replaced, leaving little surviving from the medieval era apart from Clifford's Tower. 1820sYork Prison A prison encompasses the whole castle area. A high wall is built round the base of the mound. 1935-presentRestoration and Opening The prison walls are demolished. Clifford's Tower again becomes visible and is opened to the public. Learn more about the history of Clifford's Tower


Who, in 1798, composed the oratorio The Creation?

Franz Joseph Haydn | Biography & History | AllMusic google+ Artist Biography               by Rovi Staff Franz Joseph Haydn is the composer who, more than any other, epitomizes the aims and achievements of the Classical era. Perhaps his most important achievement was that he developed and evolved in countless subtle ways the most influential structural principle in the history of music: his perfection of the set of expectations known as sonata form made an epochal impact. In hundreds of instrumental sonatas, string quartets, and symphonies, Haydn both broke new ground and provided durable models; indeed, he was among the creators of these fundamental genres of classical music. His influence upon later composers is immeasurable; Haydn 's most illustrious pupil, Beethoven , was the direct beneficiary of the elder master's musical imagination, and Haydn 's shadow lurks within (and sometimes looms over) the music of composers like Schubert , Mendelssohn , and Brahms . Part and parcel of Haydn 's formal mastery was his famous sense of humor, his feeling for the unpredictable, elegant twist. In the Symphony No. 94 ("Surprise") (1791), the composer tweaks those audience members who typically fall asleep during slow movements with the sudden, completely unexpected intrusion of a fortissimo chord during a passage of quietude. Haydn 's pictorial sense is much in evidence works like his epic oratorio The Creation (1796-1798), in which images of the cosmos taking shape are thrillingly, movingly portrayed in tones. By one estimate, Haydn produced some 340 hours of music, more than Bach or Handel , Mozart or Beethoven . Few of them lack some unexpected detail or clever solution to a formal problem. Haydn was prolific not just because he was a tireless worker with an inexhaustible musical imagination, but also because of the circumstances of his musical career: he was the last prominent beneficiary of the system of noble patronage that had nourished European musical composition since the Renaissance. Born in the small Austrian village of Rohrau, he became a choirboy at St. Stephen's cathedral in Vienna when he was eight. After his voice broke and he was turned out of the choir, he eked out a precarious living as a teenage freelance musician in Vienna. His fortunes began to turn in the late 1750s as members of Vienna's noble families became aware of his music, and on May 1, 1761, he went to work for the Esterházy family. He remained in their employ for the next 30 years, writing many of his instrumental compositions and operas for performance at their vast summer palace, Esterháza. Musical creativity may often, it is true, meet a tragic end, but Haydn lived long enough to reap the rewards of his own imagination and toil. The Esterházys curtailed their musical activities in 1790, but by that time Haydn was known all over Europe and widely considered the greatest living composer. (He himself deferred to Mozart in that regard, and the friendly competition between the two composers deepened the music of both.) Two trips to London during the 1790s resulted in two sets of six symphonies each (among them the "Surprise" symphony) that remain centerpieces of the orchestral repertoire. Haydn 's final masterpieces included powerful choral works: the Creation and Seasons oratorios and a group of six masses. Haydn stopped composing in 1803, after which he prefaced his correspondence with a little musical quotation (from one of his part-songs) bearing the text "Gone is all my strength; I am old and weak." He died in Vienna on May 31, 1809.


OPEC: Definition, Members, History, Goals By Kimberly Amadeo Updated December 23, 2016 Definition: OPEC stands for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. It is an organization of twelve oil-producing countries that control 61 percent of the world's oil exports  and hold 80 percent of the world's proven oil reserves . On November 30, 2016, OPEC agreed to cut production by 1.2 million barrels. Starting January 2017, it will produce 32.5 million barrels per day (mbpd). That's still above its average 2015 level of 32.32 mbpd.  The agreement exempted Nigeria and Libya, but gave Iraq its first quotas since the 1990s. Russia , not an OPEC member, voluntarily agreed to cut production. (Source:" OPEC in First Joint Cut With Russia Since 2001 ," Reuters, December 1, 2016. " OPEC Confounds Skeptics, Agrees to First Cut in Eight Years ," Bloomberg, November 30, 2016.) The cut came a year after OPEC had raised its production quota to 31.5 mbpd on December 4, 2015. OPEC was struggling to maintain market share, which fell from 44.5 percent in 2012 to 41.8 percent in 2014. That's because of a  16 percent increase in U.S. shale oil productio n. As the oil supply rose, prices fell from $108.54 in April 2012 to $34.72 in December 2015. See Oil Price History . OPEC waited to cut oil production because it didn't want to see its market share drop further. It produces oil more cheaply than its U.S. competition. The cartel toughed it out until many of the shale companies went bankrupt. For more, see Shale Oil Boom and Bust . (Source: "OPEC and Oil: Who's in Charge?" The Wall Street Journal, December 5, 2015.) What Does OPEC Do? OPEC's first goal is to keep prices stable. It wants to make sure its members get what a good price for their oil. Since oil is a fairly uniform commodity , most consumers base their buying decisions on nothing other than price. What's a good price? OPEC has traditionally said it was between $70-$80 per barrel.  At those prices, OPEC countries have enough oil to last 113 years. If prices drop below that target, OPEC members normally agree to restrict supply to send prices higher. Without this agreement, individual oil-exporting countries would wind up increasing the supply to make more national revenue. By competing with each other, they would drive prices even lower. That would stimulate even more global demand. OPEC countries would run out of their most precious resource that much faster. Instead, OPEC members agree to produce only enough to keep the price high for all members. When prices are higher than $80 a barrel, other countries have the incentive to drill more expensive oil fields. Sure enough, once oil prices got closer to $100 a barrel, it became cost effective for Canada to explore its shale oil fields . U.S. companies used fracking to open up the Bakken oil fields for production. As a result, non-OPEC supply increased. OPEC's second goal is to reduce oil price volatility . For maximum efficiency, oil extraction must run 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Closing facilities could physically damage oil installations and even the fields themselves. Ocean drilling is especially difficult and expensive to shut down. Therefore, it's in OPEC's best interests to keep world prices stable. A slight modification in production is usually enough to restore price stability. For example, in June 2008, oil prices hit an all-time high of $143/barrel. OPEC responded by agreeing to produce a little more oil, which brought prices down. But the global financial crisis sent oil prices plummeting to $33.73/barrel in December. OPEC responded by reducing the supply, helping prices to again stabilize.  OPEC third goal is to adjust the world's oil supply in response to shortages. For example, it replaced the oil lost during the Gulf Crisis in 1990. Several million barrels of oil per day were cut off when Saddam Hussein's armies destroyed refineries in Kuwait. OPEC also increased production in 2011 during the crisis in Libya. The Oil and Energy Ministers from the OPEC members meet at least twice a year to coordinate their o


In the world of the American military what are BDU's?

Shop BDU Camo Pants & Shorts at Army Surplus World BDU Camo Pants & Shorts BDU Camo Pants & Shorts Whether you are looking for Tactical pants, BDU pants, ACU Pants, Colored camo pants or BDU shorts, Army Surplus World has a HUGE selection of military uniform pants by the most respected military manufacturers to meet your needs. Functionality, durability and comfort come together in these bdu pants built for combat. Sewn to military specifications, our military pants are built from high quality materials that are tough and tear resistant. We have BDU pants suited for public safety professionals, military personnel, schools and any one looking for a great pant that is both functional and fashionable.


In the pantomime, who is Aladdin's mother?

It's Behind You - Aladdin   THE ORIGINS The tale of �Aladdin and his Wonderful Lamp�  originates as one story in the epic �1001 Nights� or �Arabian  Nights�. This collection of stories was first recorded in the 9th Century, with tales brought together from China, India, Egypt, Iraq, Iran  and places in the East. In 942 AD the collection contained only 264  stories. It is believed that others, including �Aladdin� were added later  during European translations in the 18th Century, when the  number  increased. Originally these tales were supposed to be the stories  told by Scheherazade to her husband, the King. The King, set on revenge  after his first wife was unfaithful to him, decided to marry each day, and  execute his wife the next morning. Not surprisingly the wives were in short  supply, and it became the turn of the Vizier�s daughter, Scheherazade. Scheherazade hit on a plan to remain alive for as long as possible, and each  night would tell her husband a thrilling story, promising to complete it the  following day. Eventually, after 1001 nights of entertaining stories the  King abandoned his cruel plot, and Scheherazade was saved.   The Three Wishes The legend of someone being granted three magical wishes  dates back to the 3rd Century AD. �The Book of Sindibad�  in the 9th Century AD  is in part the framework of the �Arabian  Nights�, in which the tale of �Aladdin� appears. FOR THE ORIGINAL  STORY OF ALADDIN FROM �THE ARABIAN NIGHTS� CLICK ON THE LAMP BELOW   ALADDIN - THE PANTOMIME Aladdin began it�s existence as a pantomime at Covent  Garden in 1788, but not in a form that we would easily recognise  today. The Harlequinade characters were unnamed with the exception of one- �Aladdin�s  Mother�. It ran for two hours and ten minutes, and was not received  kindly by the critics! A Mrs Davenett played �Aladin�s Mother� while  the rest of the cast were called by their usual names of Harlequin,  Pantaloon, Pierrot, Undertaker and so on. In 1810 a �new dramatic spectacle called Alladin�  was performed in Norwich, but again this was too early for a recognisable  pantomime format- as was the romance �Aladdin and the wonderful lamp� performed at Covent Garden in 1813, revived again in 1826. The Royal Amphitheatre presented �a gorgeous Melo-Dramatic  Tale of Enchantment-Aladdin� in 1830 and in 1833, performed  almost entirely on horseback, which included a mock Tiger hunt! Definitely  not our version of a pantomime. For that time has to pass- in 1844 there  were three productions in London, and in 1856 at the Princess Theatre  Aladdin�s mother was played by �Paulo�- who afterwards transformed into the  familiar harlequinade character �Pantaloon�. Aladdin was played by a man, so  was �Badroulbadour�- presumably his Princess, and rather confusing even for  the time! Drury Lane 1885 - Click to Enlarge Finally, the Pantomime true origin happened when the  great pantomime author Henry J.Byron wrote his burlesque �Aladdin, or The  Wonderful Scamp� performed at the Strand Theatre during April 1861.  From this version all the modern �Aladdins� are descended. In this production of 1861 the part of TWANKAY was  created by Mr James Rogers, who had recently finished playing �Ugly Sister�  Clorinda for Byron in his �Cinderella�. The part, as we know actually went  back to that early production in 1788, and the name goes back to 1861. Apart  from characters named in �Robinson Crusoe�, Aladdin�s mother has the oldest  pedigree in the history of pantomime. Click to enlarge   ALADDIN - THE PANTOMIME TODAY Aladdin is one of the most opulent and spectacular  pantomimes to be seen. Costume and scenic designers can run riot with rich  colours, spectacle and scenic transformations. Almost every production will  have a �speciality Act� or  similar lined up in the form of a Magic Carpet-  for a great many years the Black Light speciality of "Emerson & Jayne�  performed in pantomimes with their magical act that included a mysterious  actual �Flying Carpet� that seemed to defy gravity. Also acts like "Wi


Which motorway would you take travelling between Cardiff and Swansea?

Cardiff travel guide - Wikitravel Wikitravel has a guide to Rail travel in the United Kingdom . Cardiff Central railway station is a major hub for many services and is in an ideal location being very close to the main city centre attractions and is in close proximity to Cardiff Bay. Arriva Trains Wales [5] operate the vast majority of inter-Wales services with regular departures from Cardiff Central to the South Wales Valleys, Swansea , and a frequent service to North Wales . They also operate regularly to Manchester and Birmingham making Cardiff ideal to visit via rail. All inter-city travel is via Cardiff Central while Cardiff Queen Street station near the eastern end of the city centre is the hub for Cardiff's Valley Lines services, connecting the centre of the city with the suburbs and commuter towns. Both stations are controlled by ticket barriers, so you will need a ticket to enter or leave the platforms. Ticket machines are in the entrance of both stations and in Central station there are many maps that will help you plan your journey. Cardiff Central is two hours from London Paddington by train, however some may take longer with more stops. Trains depart half hourly during the day and are operated by First Great Western [6] . These services also continue hourly to Swansea. First Great Western run a service from Cardiff to Portsmouth Harbour via Newport, Bristol, Bath and Southampton. Rail service provides quick and easy links to other interesting areas (such as the Vale of Glamorgan and West Wales), making Cardiff a pleasant and cheaper place to use as a home base while exploring the surrounding areas. The city itself has around 22 train stations within its boundaries, with travel to North Cardiff especially accessible, Travel to tourist attractions such as Cardiff Bay, Castell Coch and Barry Island can be easily and cost effectively reached by train or bus. By car[ edit ] From London and the South East of England, Cardiff is most swiftly reached by taking the M4 motorway west across the Severn Bridge and into Wales. Journey times from Central London to Cardiff are usually 3 hours, although visitors from Heathrow could shave up to an hour off this time. Don't forget the bridge charges a toll to cross See [7] for up-to-date information on toll charges. The M4 is also the main artery linking Cardiff with West Wales including Swansea , while the A470 road mainly links Cardiff with the South Wales Valleys. Traveling from North or Central England and Scotland the M50 links the M5 motorway with Wales and continues down to south Wales eventually linking with the M4. Cardiff's junctions are 29 - 34 inclusive. Within Cardiff, it is cheaper to find a train station and continue onto the city centre via train, as car parking within the city although plentiful, can be expensive. Getting around the city by car is straightforward, even within the city centre, it is quite easy moving around; although, it's best to restrict entering the city centre area during off-peak times as congestion can occur at rush hour like any city. Generally though, the city centre is pretty compact and it's much easier and cheaper to move around on foot. See [8] for a list of Cardiff City Council operated car parks. By bus[ edit ] National Express [9] operate regular services to and from most other major cities in Britain with Cardiff Central bus station, which is in the forecourt of Central railway station, making it quite easy to switch between train and bus. In addition, Megabus [10] offers a regular and very cheap service to London and departs from Kingsway near the Hilton Hotel. Cardiff is about 3 hours, depending on traffic, from London. Megabus also runs to Newcastle, and on Wednesdays costs £5 for any route in England and Wales. You can also get the Megabus to Rosslare, Ireland from Cardiff, including ferry crossing. Greyhound buses also run from from Cardiff Central bus station to Bristol Airport. On foot[ edit ] The Hayes and massive new extension to the St Davids shopping arcade, Cardiff Cardiff, especially the central area, is pretty c


The need to fund which king's wars led to the foundation of the Bank of England?

history of United Kingdom | Britannica.com History of United Kingdom THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Nuclear tests in the South Pacific Islands in the South Pacific were used extensively for nuclear tests between 1945 and 1995. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. British troops wading through the river at the Battle of Modder River, Nov. 28, 1899, during the South African War (1899–1902). Photos.com/Thinkstock Queen Victoria’s coronation, 1837. The Print Collector/Heritage-Images England during the Civil Wars. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. European penetration into western Africa in the late 19th century. From J. Fage, An Atlas of African History; Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. Map depicting the member countries and partner countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Ancient Britain. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Membership change, by county, in the House of Commons as a result of the Reform Act of 1832 (England only). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The British battleship Queen Elizabeth leading the surrendering German fleet, November 21, 1918. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. British soldiers of the North Lancashire Regiment passing through liberated Cambrai, France, October 9, 1918. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. British troops passing through the ruins of Ypres, West Flanders, Belgium, September 29, 1918. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Ecstatic crowds in London celebrating the end of the European phase of World War II, May 8, 1945. Picture Post/Hulton Archive/Getty Images Overview of aerial bombardment in Europe during World War II, with a detailed discussion of the Battle of Britain. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Learn about the concurrent growth of the British Empire and the English language. © Open University (A … A newsreel from 1958 reporting on efforts to lower trade barriers between the United Kingdom and continental Europe. Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library Overview of the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, 1940. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Towering English figures in exploration, science, and the arts during the reign of Elizabeth I. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Description of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Harold Macmillan discussing Britain’s position relative to the European Common Market, 1956. Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library An overview of the Great Famine in Ireland. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. “Britain’s H-Bomb,” newsreel on the test of Great Britain’s first thermonuclear weapon, May 15, 1957. Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library Overview of the Normandy Invasion. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Overview of Queen Victoria’s reign. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Overview of the Dominican Republic. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Women in the workplace in Britain during World War I. Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library “Keren Occupied,” Pathé Gazette newsreel following the defeat of Italian forces by the British near Keren, Eritria, March 26, 1941. Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library Learn about this topic in these articles:   in United Kingdom: Ancient Britain Archaeologists working in Norfolk in the early 21st century discovered stone tools that suggest the presence of humans in Britain from about 800,000 to 1 million years ago. These startling discoveries underlined the extent to which archaeological research is responsible for any knowledge of Britain before the Roman conquest (begun ad 43). Britain’s ancient history is thus lacking in detail,... in history of Europe: Nobles and gentlemen ...and the rest. In France, above knights and esquires without distinctive title, ranged barons, viscounts, counts, and marquises, until the summit was reached with dukes and princes of the blood. In Britain, by contrast, only peers of the realm, whether entitled duke, marquess, earl, or baron, had corporate status: numbering under 200, they enjoyed few special privileges beyond membership of the... in history of Europe: Nob


Which American state was admitted to the union in 1876 and is hence known as the Centennial State?

August 1, 1876 ï¿½ Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state. - Democratic Underground Sherman A1 (18,750 posts) August 1, 1876 ï¿½ Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state. Colorado (i/kɒləˈrï¿½doʊ/,) is a U.S. state encompassing most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,187,582 on July 1, 2012, an increase of +3.15% since the 2010 United States Census. The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Rï¿½o Colorado for the red colored (Spanish: colorado) silt the river carried from the mountains. On August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a proclamation admitting Colorado as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State" because it was admitted to the Union in 1876, the centennial year of the United States Declaration of Independence. Colorado is bordered by the northwest state of Wyoming to the north, the Midwest states of Nebraska and Kansas to the northeast and east, on the south by New Mexico and Oklahoma, on the west by Utah, and Arizona to the southwest. The four states of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona meet at one common point known as the Four Corners, which is known as the heart of the American Southwest. Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands. Denver is the capital and the most populous city of Colorado. Residents of the state are properly known as "Coloradans", although the term "Coloradoan" is still used


In which year did the UK last win the Eurovision Song Contest with Katrina and the Waves' Love Shine a Light?

Eurovision 1997 - Katrina & The Waves - Love shine a light - YouTube Eurovision 1997 - Katrina & The Waves - Love shine a light Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 14, 2008 Eurovision 1997 - Katrina & The Waves - Love shine a light Category


Stuart Broad, currently England's Twenty20 Cricket captain, plays for which county side?

Stuart Broad has urged a young England not to be overawed by India | Sport | The Guardian Stuart Broad has urged a young England not to be overawed by India The Twenty20 captain's first game in charge ended in disaster but he is upbeat about the second England's Stuart Broad has urged the youngsters in his side not to be overawed by India at Old Trafford. Photograph: Martin Rickett/PA David Hopps at Old Trafford Tuesday 30 August 2011 16.36 EDT First published on Tuesday 30 August 2011 16.36 EDT Share on Messenger Close Stuart Broad has urged England's young Twenty20 team to ignore the hype generated by the IPL and assert their right to be measured alongside the world's best in the one-off T20 international in Manchester. In the city that knows a bit about sporting glamour, with Manchester still celebrating a weekend that brought 13 goals for United and City against north London rivals, it is India's glamorous domestic Twenty20 that can rival the passion while England's version struggles for prominence. Mahendra Singh Dhoni, India's captain, was present at Old Trafford to watch United put eight goals past Arsenal on Sunday and, just down the road at the cricket stadium of the same name, he bore an expression of confidence again. The IPL, presented as the villain during India's 4-0 Test whitewash, variously regarded as responsible for fatigue, slack techniques and a disenchantment in India with Test cricket, is now seen as a potential saviour. "One thing is certain. Whatever happens bad in India it will be blamed on IPL," Dhoni said. "But IPL is a good exposure for players. This match, and the one-day series that follows, is important for us." Dhoni seemed nonplussed by another injury blow that has forced Gautam Gambhir to miss the rest of the tour with concussion, after seeing an eye specialist, and the oddity of Rahul Dravid making his Twenty20 debut at 38. Dravid is a great player, enjoying a wonderful tour, but, if England made such a decision, they would face ridicule and rightly so. England, lest we forget, are World Twenty20 champions. But excitement at the emergence of bold and innovative young players such as Ben Stokes, Alex Hales and Jos Buttler is tempered by a suspicion that an education in England's Friends Life t20 is not an automatic passage to success. Broad does not lightly dismiss such issues. "We have players coming into the side who might have seen IPL on TV and they might build something up in their mind that might not be there," he said. "Yes, it is important we do our research on India but, if we get our individual skills right, we have the talent to go a long way. It's two talented sides against each other – the 50-over world champions against the Twenty20 world champions." In India supporters of Chennai Super Kings or Royal Challengers Bangalore must have scoffed in disbelief, preferring to recall how Broad's first venture as Twenty20 captain resulted in a flaccid batting performance against Sri Lanka in Bristol and a trouncing by nine wickets. Broad, who found himself captaining from the boundary at one stage, looked a man under pressure. County cricket's best young players – Hales, a destructive front-foot batsman from Nottinghamshire; Buttler, who has overflowed with innovation and confidence at Somerset, even though he can barely cut it in the championship; and Stokes, whom lazy judges dub the new Andrew Flintoff – are all hoping for a debut. Broad, by his own admission, has not had time to see much Twenty20 and has yet to play for Notts. It does not do to be cynical, though, because his commitment to his county is unquestionable and he has seen enough to be impressed. He said: "I try to catch as much Twenty20 as I can, although most of it is on TV. It's always going to be a huge challenge for any player coming out of county cricket but there are some exciting talents coming out of that tournament so it's hard to say it's not working. You get to see how people play with calmness and I think that's vital in international Twenty20 cricket. What shone about a player like Jos Buttler is that he c


The songs It Ain't Necessarily So and Summertime are from which stage show?

George Gershwin Sheet Music - Download Printable Music - OnlineSheetMusic.com Home » George Gershwin Of the American composers, few are as important or as influential as the pianist George Gershwin. His songs, and especially his famous orchestral works like “An American in Paris,” have long since been thoroughly incorporated into popular culture. Download and print Gershwin sheet music, including “It Ain’t Necessarily So,” “Summertime,” and other selections from “Porgy and Bess,” and “Rhapsody in Blue.” Sort by


From which country does pinotage wine come?

Drink Pinotage On International Pinotage Day Drink Pinotage On International Pinotage Day {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Full Bio The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. Loading ... Loading ... This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe October 10, 2015, is the International Pinotage Day , so if you have not tasted this wine grape variety before this is a good time to do it. If you are already familiar with Pinotage, then why not just take the opportunity and celebrate a bit extra with a few glasses of Pinotage? It is an unusual vine variety from South Africa. Pinotage is one of these varieties that are almost only grown in one single country. In the case of Pinotage the only country where you will find it is in South Africa. It is also unusual in that it is a very recent grape variety. It is not an ancient domestic variety. In fact, Pinotage was created by Abraham Izak Perold in 1925. He was professor of viticulture at the Stellenbosch University. He made a crossing of the two French varieties Cinsault and Pinot Noir. At the time Cinsault (or Cinsaut) was sometimes called Hermitage so the name of the crossing became Pinotage. His aim was no doubt to combine the prestigious qualities of the Pinot Noir from Burgundy with the heat resistant and productive Cinsaut. Vineyard landscape in South Africa, Franschhoek, copyright BKWine Photography But the professor left his job at the University shortly after making the crossing and the grape was forgotten and almost disappeared until some ten years later when a student found a few abandoned plants in the old over-grown garden of the professor. The first wine made from Pinotage was produced in 1941. Today Pinotage is an emblematic grape of South Africa. Few, if any, other countries grow Pinotage. It is a grape that has been often misunderstood and that certainly merits more attention than what it gets today. It is sometimes criticised for having a smoked or burned (or Bakelite) character. Personally I have rarely found that in any Pinotage wines that I have tasted. Perhaps some of them have a certain smokiness but no more than, for example, barrel aged Syrah from the Rhone valley or oak aged modern style Bordeaux wines have. I wonder if this “smokiness” of Pinotage is one of these urban myths that exist in the wine world? Or perhaps it is something that exists in the cheapest of the cheapest versions of them sold in bulk or in bag-in-box. Well, if that is the case, then all you have to do is to avoid those and instead go for the better examples sold in bottle, of which there are many. The Dornier winery in Stellenbosch, South Africa, copyright BKWine Photography In France, where I live, we don’t get many Pinotage wines from South Africa unfortunately so I have mainly tasted them on our wine tours to the South African wine country where I have certainly come across some very impressive examples. Many wineries are proud to show their Pinotage wines.


A deficiency of which vitamin is the predominant cause of scurvy?

Scurvy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments - Medical News Today Scurvy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments Written by Peter Crosta M.A. 4 36 Scurvy is a disease caused by a diet that lacks vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Patients develop anemia , debility, exhaustion, edema (swelling) in some parts of the body, and sometimes ulceration of the gums and loss of teeth. The name scurvy comes from the Latin scorbutus. We have known about the disease in humans since ancient Greek and Egyptian times. Scurvy commonly is associated with sailors in the 16th to 18th centuries who navigated long voyages without enough vitamin C and frequently perished from the condition. Modern cases of scurvy are extremely rare. Humans cannot synthesize vitamin C, which is necessary for the production of collagen and iron absorption. We have to obtain it from external sources, i.e. from fruits and vegetables, or some foods which are fortified with vitamin C in order to prevent the vitamin C deficiency known as scurvy. Vitamin C deficiency is especially dangerous for the fetus (developing baby in the womb). Researchers from the University of Copenhagen reported in the journal PLOS ONE that pregnant women with a vitamin C deficiency can have babies whose brain did not develop properly . What causes scurvy? The primary cause of scurvy is insufficient intake of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). This may be due to ignorance, famine, anorexia , restrictive diets (due to allergies, food fads, etc.), or difficulty orally ingesting foods. Historically, scurvy was the result of long sea voyages where sailors did not bring along enough foods with vitamin C. Who gets scurvy? Though scurvy is a very rare disease, it still occurs in some patients - usually elderly people, alcoholics, or those that live on a diet devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables. Similarly, infants or children who are on special or poor diets for any number of economic or social reasons may be prone to scurvy. Symptoms of scurvy Scurvy symptoms may begin with appetite loss, poor weight gain, diarrhea , rapid breathing, fever , irritability, tenderness and discomfort in legs, swelling over long bones, bleeding (hemorrhaging), and feelings of paralysis. As the disease progresses, a scurvy victim may present bleeding of the gums, loosened teeth, petechial hemorrhage of the skin and mucous membranes (a tiny pinpoint red mark), bleeding in the eye, proptopsis of the eyeball (protruding eye), constochondral beading (beading of the cartilage between joints), hyperkeratosis (a skin disorder), corkscrew hair, and sicca syndrome (an automimmune disease affecting connective tissue). Infants with scurvy will become apprehensive, anxious, and progressively irritable. They often will assume the frog leg posture for comfort when struck with pseudoparalysis. It is common for infants with scurvy to present subperiosteal hemorrhage, a specific bleeding that occurs at the lower ends of the long bones. Diagnosis of scurvy Physicians initially will conduct a physical exam, looking for symptoms described above. Actual vitamin C levels can be obtained by using laboratory tests that analyze serum ascorbic acid levels (or white blood cell ascorbic acid concentration). Sometimes, radiological procedures are ordered for diagnostic purposes and to see what damage scurvy has already done. Treatments for scurvy Scurvy is treated by providing the patient with vitamin C, administered either orally or via injection. Orange juice usually functions as an effective dietary remedy, but specific vitamin supplements are also known to be effective. How can scurvy be prevented? Scurvy can be prevented by consuming enough vitamin C, either in the diet or as a supplement. Foods that contain vitamin C include: Oranges, lemons, kiwi fruit and strawberries are all excellent natural sources of vitamin C. Oranges