Which South Wales town was formed by the amalgamation of Aberavon and Margam in 1921?

Timeline - PORT TALBOT HISTORICAL SOCIETY Timeline Timeline 10,000 BC Nomadic groups of hunter gatherers, following the animal herds, gathering shell-fish and berries along the shore 4,000 BC Arrival of Neolithic (New Stone Age) farmers, who grow crops and keep animals. They live in settled groups, make pottery, and learn to weave cloth. They build stone circles, communal stone tombs, etc 2,000 BC Bronze Age: first use of metals for weapons, tools and ornaments 600 BC Iron Age: arrival of Celts. Local evidence: Hill forts at Margam and Baglan, Hut circles and remains of Celtic fields         43 AD The Romans arrive in Britain 43-69 AD Resistance to the Romans is lead in South Wales by the Silures under Caradco/Caratucus 500-1050 Raids by Irish slavers, Danes and Vikings. St Baglan, a Breton prince who studied at St. Illtyd’s school at Llantwit Major and was then sent to work as Christian missionary in west Wales, founded a church at Baglan. St. Sawel, who founded the church at Briton Ferry also came from this time. Local chieftains set up mini kingdoms and built fortified homes like the one destroyed when the most recent Briton Ferry Bridge was built. The first Aberavon probably dates from this period – it may have been nearer the sea where the docks are now. When the docks were being excavated c1836 various things were found – Roman coins, shoes, cattle horns, fences, walls and cultivation ridges from fields. A field in this area was known as “Platch yr Hen Eglwys” – The field of the old church – which might have been the long vanished church of St Thomas. 1066 The Normans conquer England c.1090 Normans arrive in South Wales. Rhys ap Tudur the King of South Wales was killed in battle. Iestyn ap Gwrgan is defeated by a combined Welsh-Norman army but his son Caradoc is allowed the keep the land between the Neath and the Ffrwdwyllt, and becomes the first Lord of Afan, the only Welsh ruled area in Norman South Wales. Caradoc builds a wooden motte and bailey castle next to what is now St. Mary’s church, Aberavon. 1137 Robert, Earl of Gloucester founds Margam Abbey, partly for the good of his soul, partly as a buffer between the Welsh in Afan and the uplands of Glamorgan and the Normans in Coity, Bridgend and the Vale. 1147 Margam Abbey was founded 1153 Caradoc’s castle is burnt down by his brothers-in-law, Maredudd and Rhys ap Grutrydd. The castle is rebuilt in stone. Small settlements began to grow up around the castle and the Abbey 1170 Great Eisteddfod at Llanfihangel Afan   King John visited the Abbey at Margam 1232 Morgan Gam, Lord of Afan attacked Kenfig 1249 Monks of Margam start mining coal at Bryn 1304 Sir Leisan de Avene grants Aberavon its first charter 1326 Edward II stops at Margam Abbey 1336 Monks at Margam complained that “no small part of the land adjacent to the shore is subject to inundation by the sea”. 1347 Outbreak of the Black Death.  1350 Aberavon Borough Charter re-issued by Thomas d’ Avene. By now the family of the Lords of Afan has become more Norman then Welsh, and in the next twenty years they disappear, possibly to England. Afan becomes part of the lands of Edward le Despenser, English Lord of Glamorgan. C.1373 Edward Le Despenser grants new charter to Aberavon 1384 The Abbot of Margam appropriates St Mary’s Church at Margam 1394 Richard II at the Abbey. He was there again five years later 1399 Richard II visited Margam c.1400 The Lords of Afan have disappeared, no-one lives in the castle but the town/village still exists. The town is run mainly by the burgesses. Ieuan Gethin, descendant of a younger branch of the Afan lords, lives at Plas Baglan. Inland, Llanfihangel Ynys Afan/Michaelstone Super Avon (now Cwmavon) is mostly small farms with a church and inn as its centre. The road down to Aberavon is very bad, so people tend to head for the markets and fairs at Neath.  1427 Serious flooding in the Swansea Bay area c.1470 Hen Eglwys (Capel Mair) constructed   The monks are thrown out of Margam Abbey 1540-1547 Sir Rice Mansel of Oxwich buys the abbey and its lands at a cost of £2494/13/5 The nave


What is the name of the channel that separates Mexico and Cuba?

The Yucatan Current The Yucatan current as represented by the Mariano Global Surface Velocity Analysis (MGSVA). Click here for example plots of seasonal averages . The passage connecting the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico is known as the Yucatan Channel or the Straits of Yucatan, although technically it is neither long enough to be a channel nor narrow enough to be a strait (Ochoa et al. 2001). Through this small passage flows the Yucatan Current. It provides most of the inflow into the Gulf of Mexico, since inflows through the Florida Straits are small and episodic (Brooks and Niiler 1977; Lee and Mayer 1977; Ochoa et al. 2001). Pillsbury (1890) was among the first to take direct current measurements in the Yucatan Current region. He reported strong currents (170 cm s-1 at 6.3 m depth) flowing on the western side of the channel and southerly flows on the eastern side of the channel (Ochoa et al. 2001). The northward flow on the western side is now known as the Yucatan Current, and the southward flow on the eastern side was named the Cuban Countercurrent (Emilsson 1971; Ochoa et al. 2001). Underneath the Yucatan Current there is a southward Yucatan Undercurrent that is an important part of the upwelling mechanism at the Campeche Bank (Merino 1997; Ochoa et al. 2001). US scientists (Cochrane 1966, 1968, 1969; Ruiz 1979) and Soviet-Cuban expeditions (Belousov et al. 1966; Bogodanov et al. 1968; Bessonov et al. 1971; Bulanienkov and Garcia 1973) reported upwelling along the eastern edge of the Yucatan Shelf years ago (Merino 1997). However, most of their data were published in reports that are not readily accessible in the scientific literature. International efforts to study the Yucatan Shelf were scarce after 1973 because Mexico claimed this area during the International Conference on the Law of the Sea as part of the Mexican Exclusive Economic zone (Merino 1997). Because the current is on a western boundary and for other reasons, scientists thought that wind-driven divergence might not be an important mechanism for upwelling in the Yucatan region (Merino 1997). Cochrane (1968, 1969) suggested that bottom friction of the strong Yucatan Current against the slope on the eastern edge of the Yucatan Shelf caused the upwelling instead. Another possible mechanism was proposed by Garcia (1990), who speculated that the upwelling is a result of interactions between the Yucatan Current and the countercurrent that Bulaniekov and Garcia (1973) found (Merino 1997). Merino (1997) used hydrographic data from four cruises to study upwelling on the Yucatan Shelf and to describe its structure. Subsurface Caribbean water from depths of 220-250 m upwelled at about 10-2 cm s-1 along the eastern slope of the Yucatan Shelf into the euphotic zone, but it rarely broke the sea surface. It was characterized by temperatures of 16 to 20°C and salinity of 36.1 to 36.5. The upwelling appeared to have a seasonal cycle. During spring and summer, the upwelled water created a two-layered column over the Yucatan Shelf. Because there was strong stratification between the Caribbean Surface Water and the upwelled water, the two layers did not mix easily until the winter months, when there were periods of northern winds. Molinari and Cochrane (1972) used surface current vector fields to show that the Yucatan Current initially follows the bathymetry from 21°N to 24.5°N. Then, it changes direction from northerly to northwesterly at 23.5°N, 87°W in May. At 24.5°N, 87.5°W, the topographic gradients become steep and run in a westward direction, and the current actually flows perpendicular to the topography (Molinari 1988). Cochrane (1966) suggested that the current cannot follow sharp turns such as this, so it moves into deeper water where it is not directly in contact with the bottom (Molinari 1988). Early transport estimates by Schlitz (1973) for the Yucatan Current ranged from 23 Sv to 33 Sv (Ochoa et al. 2001). However, Ochoa et al. (2001) showed that since there is no definite level of no motion in the Yucatan Channel, classical geostrophic calculations m


Which singer has had hits with the groups, NERD, The Neptunes and Daft Punk as well as solo hits and accompanying Robin Thicke on 'Blurred Lines'?

Pharrell Williams: 'My music is so much bigger than me, and what I am' | Music | The Guardian NERD Pharrell Williams: 'My music is so much bigger than me, and what I am' Pharrell Williams wrote three of 2013's biggest tunes, and has made music with everyone from Daft Punk to Miley Cyrus. So why does he think he'll never be as big as Jay Z? • For behind-the-scenes gossip and pictures from Guardian Weekend magazine's fashion shoot with Pharrell Williams, click here Pharrell Williams: 'I try to power through an adverse situation rather than just going crazy.' Hat, Vivienne Westwood. Blanket, The Elder Statesman, Shirt, Rokit. Jeans, Levi's. Photograph: Gustavo Papaleo for the Guardian. Styling: Helen Seamons Saturday 8 March 2014 04.00 EST First published on Saturday 8 March 2014 04.00 EST Share on Messenger Close Mention Pharrell Williams to anyone who knows anything about music and they will start throwing figures at you: do you realise that Pharrell is responsible for 50% of the music played on radio, or is it 60%? Pharrell enthusiasts would have you believe that the producer-writer-musician is responsible for every hit record in America and the UK over the past 20 years, and it's true that he has been behind many of them ( Blurred Lines and Get Lucky last year; before that, Britney Spears's I'm A Slave 4 U , Justin Timberlake's Rock Your Body , Snoop Dogg's Drop It Like It's Hot and numerous others). In fact, the stat people are thinking of goes back to 2003, when the Neptunes – the production duo Pharrell formed with his old school friend Chad Hugo – produced almost 20% of songs played on British radio and 43% on US radio. It's a remarkable figure. But what is even more remarkable is that at the age of 40, after more than six years without a major hit single as solo artist or producer, and when many of his contemporaries are considering hanging up their mics, Pharrell has gone stratospheric. He was behind the two biggest hits of 2013, co-writing and singing on Robin Thicke's controversial Blurred Lines (sample lyric: "I know you want it… I'll give you something big enough to tear your ass in two"), as well as dancing on the accompanying video (equally controversial: the men are all clothed and swaggering, the women passive and naked). He did the same for the second bestselling single of the year, Daft Punk's Get Lucky – and then scored his first solo number one with the ecstatic Happy , a Motown-influenced feelgood track as nonsensical as it is uplifting ("Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof"). Last Sunday, he performed it at the Oscars , shimmying along the front row with Meryl Streep and Lupita Nyong'o . All three of these tracks are the work of a pop genius in his prime: right now, nobody can conjure up infectious dance music quite like Pharrell. Pharrell Williams - Happy (from Despicable Me 2) on MUZU.TV . After more than 20 years in the business, he has just released his second solo album, G I R L (he insists on two spaces between each letter). What took him so long? We meet at Sony HQ in London, where he is playing the album to an audience for the first time. By Pharrell's standards, he is casually dressed: polka-dot shirt, grey cardigan, trademark outsized Vivienne Westwood Buffalo hat and a bizarre mix of jade, diamond, gold and water pearls hanging down his chest. He introduces the album in a hypnotically mellow voice. Forget Blurred Lines' "questionable lyrics and the aesthetic of the video", he says – this is what he really thinks about women. Then he goes off on one: how women could shut down our economy if they didn't go to work, how they could end the human species by saying no, how different the world would look and feel if 75% of its political leaders were women ("That's going to happen and I want to be on the right side of history when it does"). He's now really into his flow. It's women who buy his records, he says, women who love him, women who keep him in business, women are his everything. It's hardly Andrea Dworkin , but this does seem to be a partially reconstructed Pharrell. The al


Julius Nyerere was the first President of which country?

Biography of Tanzanian Leader Julius Kambarage Nyerere African History Glossary Julius Kambarage Nyerere was one of Africa's leading independence heroes (and a leading light behind the creation of the Organization of African Unity), the architect of ujamaa (an African socialist philosophy which revolutionized Tanzania's agricultural system), the prime minister of an independent Tanganyika, and the first president of Tanzania. Date of Birth: March 1922, Butiama, Tanganyika Date of death: 14 October 1999, London, UK An Early Life Kambarage ("the spirit which gives rain") Nyerere was born to Chief Burito Nyerere of the Zanaki (a small ethnic group in northern Tanganyika) and and his fifth (out of 22) wife Mgaya Wanyang'ombe. Nyerere attended a local primary mission school, transferring in 1937 to Tabora Secondary School, a Roman Catholic mission and one of the few secondary schools open to Africans at that time. continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World He was baptized a catholic on 23 December 1943, and took the baptismal name Julius. Nationalistic Awareness Between 1943 and 1945 Nyererre attended Makerere University, in Uganda's capital Kampala, obtaining a teaching certificate. It was around this time that he took his first steps towards a political career -- in 1945 he formed Tanganyika's first student group, an offshoot of the African Association, AA, (a pan-African group first formed by Tanganyika's educated elite in Dar es Salaam , in 1929). Nyerere and his colleagues began the process of converting the AA towards a nationalistic political group. Once he had gained his teaching certificate, Nyerere returned to Tanganyika to take up a teaching post at Saint Mary's, a Catholic mission school in Tabora. He opened a local branch of the AA, and was instrumental in converting the AA from its pan-African idealism to the pursuit of Tanganyikan independence. To this end, the AA restyled itself in 1948 as the Tanganyika African Association, TAA. Gaining a Wider Perspective In 1949 Nyerere left Tanganyika to study for an MA in economics and history at the University of Edinburgh. He was the first African from Tanganyika to study at a British university and, in 1952, was the first Tanganyikan to gain a degree. At Edinburgh Nyerere became involved with the Fabian Colonial Bureau (a non-Marxist, anti-colonial socialist movement based in London). He watched intently Ghana's path to self-government, and was aware of the debates in Britain on the development of a Central African Federation (to be formed from a union of North and South Rhodesia and Nyasaland). Three years of study in the UK gave Nyerere an opportunity to vastly widen his perspective of pan-African issues. Graduating in 1952, he returned to teach at a Catholic school near Dar es Salaam. On 24 January he married primary school teacher Maria Gabriel Majige. Developing the Independence Struggle in Tanganyika This was a period of upheaval in west and south Africa -- in neighboring Kenya the Mau Mau uprising was fighting against white settler rule, and nationalistic reaction was rising against the creation of the Central African Federation. But political awareness in Tanganyika was nowhere near as advanced as with its neighbors. Nyerere, who had become president of the TAA in April 1953, realized that a focus for African nationalism amongst the population was needed. To that end, in July 1954, Nyerere converted the TAA into Tanganyika's first political party -- the Tanganyikan African National Union, or TANU. Nyerere was careful to promote nationalistic ideals without encouraging the kind of violence that was erupting in Kenya under the Mau Mau uprising. TANU manifesto was for independence on the basis of non-violent, multi-ethnic politics, and the promotion of social and political harmony. Nyerere was appointed to Tanganyika's Legislative Council (the Legco) in 1954. He gave up teaching the following year to pursue his career in politics. International Statesman Nyerere testified on behalf of TANU to the UN Trusteeship Council (committee on t


Which country's flag is similar in design to the Jerusalem Cross or Crusader's Cross?

The History and Meaning of the Jerusalem Cross, or the Crusader's Cross The History and Meaning of the Jerusalem Cross, or the Crusader's Cross See our lovely Jerusalem Cross Jewelry The Jerusalem Cross is rich in symbolism and meaning and goes by many different names, including the Crusader's Cross. This Jerusalem cross represents Christ's command to spread the Gospel around the world, a mission that started in Jerusalem. It was part of the coat of arms of the short-lived Jerusalem Kingdom (1099-1203 AD). It is a busy collection of five crosses and the most common interpretations are: A combination of the Old Testament teachings (the four Tau Crosses) and the New Testament teachings (the four Greek Crosses) The four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, with Christ in the center Christianity (central cross) broadcast by missionaries to the four corners of the world Five crosses representing the five wounds of Jesus on the cross (small crosses for the hands and feet, and the large central cross for the spear wound in His side.   The Crusaders cross is also sometimes referred to as the New Jerusalem Cross, focusing attention on the Divine and heavenly restoration of Jerusalem. New Jerusalem occurs twice in the New Testament. The Jerusalem Cross is sometimes confused with the Teutonic Cross, assigned by Pope Innocent III to the Teutonic Knights near the end of the 12th century. It can also be confused with St. Julian's Cross. The Jerusalem Cross is often called the Crusader's Cross because it was on the papal banner given to the crusaders by Pope Urban II in the Middle Ages. Not all these crusading knights were God-fearing Christians - for many it was just a job that would ensure they received rich payment back home. Just as the crusades of today, they were more about economic gains and spreading an empire than spreading Christianity. Discovery of one of the first Jerusalem Crosses This Jerusalem Cross was unearthed, by a team of American archeologists, in the hidden tomb of the first Christian King of Jerusalem. Scholars have found that the large central cross represents the strength of Christianity. The four smaller crosses represent the spread of Christianity to the four corners of the earth. And the red of the garnets represent God's sacrifice for man.   The simpler form of the cross is known as the "Crusaders' Cross", because it was on the papal banner given to the Crusaders by Pope Urban II for the First Crusade, and was a symbol of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. The four smaller crosses are said to symbolize either the four Gospels or the four directions in which the Word of Christ spread from Jerusalem. Alternately, all five crosses can symbolize the five wounds of Christ during the Passion. This symbol is also used in the flag of Georgia. Sometimes the larger cross is in the form of a cross potent or a cross crosslet, and in this configuration is referred to as the "Jerusalem Cross" proper. © Copyright 2006 - 2016 Holy Land Treasures USA All rights reserved.


Who was the main architect of 'The Sage' in Gateshead?

Architecture in focus: The Sage Gateshead | Engaging Places Architecture in focus: The Sage Gateshead By Engaging Places | 11 November 2014 Tags: Review Building and site description The Sage Gateshead is one of the most important performing arts buildings in northern England, combining high-tech materials with a distinct shell-like exterior to produce a modern icon. The Sage Gateshead sits along the River Tyne © wojtek gurak's, flickr.com Designed by Norman Foster’s firm Foster and Associates in partnership with Arup Acoustics and with the help of many musicians and performing artists, the Sage Gateshead has been open since 2004 and has become one of the most recognizable buildings in the Tyneside area. With the support of the Gateshead Council, who provided the site on the River Tyne, construction was begun in 2001 and finished in 2004. This was quite a turnaround from the original use for the site, which was an industrial wasteland. The building was the first performing arts structure designed by Sir Norman Foster, who is known for  30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin) , Wembley Stadium, and the Millennium Bridge, all in London. The Sage Gateshead was designed as three separate halls (Hall one, Hall two and the Northern Rock Foundation Hall) which do not touch, leaving gaps between the walls and ceilings for additional acoustic circulation. These gaps can be seen when standing on level one looking towards either side of the Northern Rock Foundation Hall. Foster then designed a canopy to fit over the top of all the individual rooms and the concourse level, resulting in the unusual shell or cloud shape that can be seen from the outside. The Sage Gateshead is designed to be a performing arts centre for all to enjoy, and has lots of different features that encourage visitors to explore the building. The Northern Rock Foundation Hall has a glass-panel front so that visitors can watch rehearsals and performances without interrupting the musicians. Sometimes performances are held on the main level, known as the concourse (or level O), which is a huge public space that is complimented by several cafes and restaurants and the view out towards the Millennium Gateshead Bridge and Tyne Bridge. Futurehead the music band, performing inside the venue © Whistling in the Dark, flickr.com Quirky facts The building was constructed with a special type of concrete that contains extra air bubbles to help with sound-proofing and acoustics. The roof of the Sage Gateshead contains 3,500m2 of glass (equal to 8.3 basketball courts) and 3,043 stainless steel panels (equal to 2.2 football pitches). The building is over 40 metres tall at its highest point, which is twice as high as the Angel of the North sculpture by Antony Gormley. Building highlights The glass balustrade that runs the length of the concourse level is an impressive feat of artistic imagination. Designed by Kate Maestri, it is 200 metres long and weighs 8224 kilograms – that’s the same length as 611 violins, 15 grand pianos, or two Northern Sinfonia orchestras. Using the Sage Gateshead as a teaching resource As a specifically designed performing arts and cultural centre, the Sage Gateshead can be used to provide teaching and learning opportunities in a range of subjects, including English, music, art and design, and maths. The site of the Sage Gateshead demonstrates the way an inner-city industrial wasteland can be transformed into a vibrant cultural space, bringing the community together in many ways. The design of the Sage Gateshead itself utilized cutting-edge technology, mathematics, engineering and acoustic-design. Exploring the building’s many spaces can demonstrate how properly planned projects can produce truly outstanding high-tech results. The organic curves of the glass paneling wraps around the building © smlp.co.uk Teaching activities Key stage 3: Art and design, citizenship Imagine you have been invited to use the Sage Gateshead as a venue for staging a multicultural festival celebrating the diverse nature of modern life in the UK. This event could include performances, info


In 1702 William 3rd was succeeded by Queen Anne, what was her relationship to him?

Queen Anne | Britroyals Born: February 6, 1665 at St. James Palace, London Parents: James II and Anne Hyde Relation to Elizabeth II: 2nd cousin 8 times removed House of: Stuart Ascended to the throne: March 8, 1702 aged 37 years Crowned: April 23, 1702 at Westminster Abbey Married: George, son of Frederick III of Denmark Children: Eighteen, including miscarriages and still-born, of whom only one William survived to age of 11 Died: August 1, 1714 at Kensington Palace , aged 49 years, 5 months, and 22 days Buried at: Westminster Reigned for: 12 years, 4 months, and 24 days Succeeded by: her 3rd cousin George of Hanover Anne was the second daughter of James, Duke of York, who became James II, and his first wife, Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon. Anne and her elder sister Mary received a Protestant upbringing although their father James converted to Catholicism and remarried. In 1683 Anne married Prince George of Denmark (1653�1708). She had between 16 and 18 pregnancies but only one child survived - William, Duke of Gloucester who died aged 11 of smallpox in 1700. Her sister Mary married William of Orange but Anne was forbidden by her father to visit her in the Netherlands. When William landed in England in 1688 to take the throne, Anne on the influence of her close friend Sarah Churchill (1650�1744) the wife of John Churchill (1650�1722), supported her sister and brother-in-law against her father James. Churchill was created Duke of Marlborough by William when he was crowned King William III and her sister Queen Mary II. Anne detested her brother-in-law, and the Churchills' influence led her briefly during William�s reign to engage in Jacobite intrigues. Mary died in 1694 and on William�s death in 1702 Anne succeeded to the throne as Queen Anne. When she was crowned in April 1702 Anne was 37 years old and after her many pregnancies had poor health and no longer her youthful figure. She was shy and stubborn and very different from her outgoing sister Mary. Anne and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, remained close friends � Anne addressed Sarah as �Mrs Freeman� and she called Anne �Mrs Morley�. Sarah�s husband the Duke of Marlborough commanded the English Army in the War of Spanish Succession, and won a series of victories over the French at Blenheim (1704), Ramillies (1706), Oudenarde (1708) and Malplaquet (1709). The influence of the Churchill�s however began to decline and after a violent quarrel in 1710, Sarah Churchill was dismissed from court. Abigail Masham succeeded the duchess as Anne's favourite, using her influence to further the Tories. Towards the end of her life, Anne suffered from gout and she could hardly walk. On her death in 1714 her body had swollen so large that she was buried in an almost square coffin. On the question of succession, Anne's family loyalty had convinced her that this should fall to her father's son by his second wife (Mary of Modena), James Edward Stuart, known as the Old Pretender. However, the Act of Settlement in 1701 ensured Protestant succession to the throne, and Anne was succeeded by George I, great-grandson of James I. Queen Anne's Signature Quotes: �She meant well and was not a fool; but nobody can maintain that she was wise, nor entertaining in conversation� � Sarah Churchill (about Queen Anne) �Queen Anne was the quintessence of ordinariness; she also had more than her fair share of small-mindedness, vulgarity and downright meanness� � Historian J.P. Kenyon �Cricket is not illegal, for it is a manly game� - Queen Anne. �Brandy Nan� � nickname for Queen Anne (who was reputedly fond of drink). Timeline for Queen Anne


Artwork details, Liverpool museums See a larger version About the artwork In 1854 William Holman Hunt completed 'The Light of the World', which along with 'The Scapegoat' remains one of the best known religious images of the 19th century. His continuing interest in religious subjects for his paintings and a determination to paint directly from Nature culminated in his first trip to the Holy Land in 1854-6. Here he could pursue his desire to paint religious narratives in the landscape in which they took place. He travelled to Jerusalem in June 1854 and then on to Oosdoom, on the southern shore of the Dead Sea, in October of that year. Here he started a smaller study for the Lady Lever painting, which is now in Manchester City Art Gallery. Before a second trip to the area in the November, he bought a rare, white goat in Jerusalem then spent about ten days working on the Lady Lever canvas at Oosdoom, painting the distant mountains and lake and making sketches of the goat. The goat proved a somewhat fidgety subject, refusing to stand still or hold a pose. When poor weather forced Hunt to return to Jerusalem for the winter, the goat died on the journey home. By early 1855, Hunt had purchased another goat for use as a model and completed its image and the sky in his Jerusalem studio, having waited most of the winter for the right sort of clouds. In his diary he describes standing the long-suffering goat in a tray of salt and mud, collected in Oosdoom, to create the dried and cracked lake shore beneath his hoofs. In March he bought a camel skeleton and borrowed an ibex skull from a friend to add these grisly details to the painting. The painting was not completed in time for the Royal Academy exhibition of 1855 but was submitted in 1856. People were puzzled by the subject of the painting and were generally uncomplimentary. A review in the Times commented, ‘Were it not for the title annexed it would be difficult to define the nature of the subject.’  Other criticisms were levelled at the composition and the artist’s concentration on his subject matter at the expense of draughtsmanship.  Ruskin’s review was particularly harsh when he said, ‘This picture, regarded merely as a landscape, or as a composition, is a total failure. Mr Hunt …in his earnest desire to paint the Scapegoat has forgotten to ask himself first, whether he could paint a goat at all’. Hunt took his subject from Leviticus XV1 and the Jewish ceremony of Atonement held in the Temple at Jerusalem. Two goats were used during the proceedings; one was sacrificed as a burnt offering to God, the second was led out of Jerusalem to carry the sins of the community. A crowd followed this goat, jeering and chasing it.  Tied between its horns was a scarlet cloth which, if their offerings were accepted, would turn white. The whole episode was regarded as typological, a biblical Old Testament narrative prefiguring a New Testament event, in this case the sacrifice of Christ to carry away the sins of the world. The frame was designed by Hunt in Jerusalem and was an integral part of the iconography of the image. He sent sketches and detailed letters to his frame maker, Joseph Green, in London. The carved design includes a dove with an olive branch, a heartsease set within a cross, a seven-branched candlestick and seven stars. Biblical inscriptions at top and bottom read as follows:  ‘Surely he hath borne our Griefs and carried our Sorrows,  yet did we esteem him, stricken, smitten of GOD and afflicted’. ‘And the Goat shall bear upon him all their Iniquities unto a Land not inhabited’. The original frame is currently being conserved and this replica was carved and gilded by National Museums Liverpool’s Frame Conservator. William Holman Hunt was a founding member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848 with his close friends John Everett Millais and Dante Gabriel Rossetti . Their central concern was to work from nature wherever possible, using the pure, bright palettes of medieval and early renaissance painters whose works in the National Gallery they admired enormously. Their pain


At which battle did the military leader William Travis draw the famous 'line in the sand'?

William Travis - Biography of Texas Soldier By Christopher Minster Biography of William Travis: William Barret Travis (1809-1836) was an American teacher, lawyer and soldier. As a young man, he immigrated to Texas, where he soon became embroiled in the fight for independence from Mexico. He was in command of the Texan forces at the Battle of the Alamo , where he was killed along with all of his men. According to legend, he drew a line in the sand and challenged the defenders of the Alamo to cross it and fight to the death: whether this actually happened is not certain. He is considered a great hero in Texas. Early Life of William Travis: Travis was born on August 1, 1809 in South Carolina and grew up in Alabama. At the age of nineteen he was a schoolteacher in Alabama and married one of his students, sixteen year old Rosanna Cato. Travis later trained and worked as a lawyer and published a short-lived newspaper. Neither profession made him much money, and in 1831 he fled to the west, staying one step ahead of his creditors. continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge He left Rosanna and their young son behind: by then the marriage had soured anyway and neither Travis nor his wife were sad that he went. He chose to head to Texas for a new start: his creditors could not pursue him into Mexico. Travis and the Anahuac Disturbances: Travis found plenty of work in the town of Anahuac defending slaveholders and those who sought the recapture of runaway slaves: this was a sticky point at the time in Texas, as slavery was illegal in Mexico but many of the Texas settlers practiced it anyway. Travis soon ran afoul of Juan Bradburn, an American-born Mexican military officer. When Travis was jailed, the local populace took up arms and demanded his release. In June of 1832, there was a tense standoff between angry Texans and the Mexican army: it eventually turned violent and several men were killed. A higher-ranking Mexican official than Bradburn arrived and defused the situation. Travis was free, and he soon found he was a hero among separation-minded Texans. Return to Anahuac: In 1835 Travis again was involved in trouble in Anahuac. In June, a man named Andrew Briscoe was jailed for arguing about some new taxes. Travis, infuriated, rounded up a gang of men and they rode on Anahuac, supported by a boat with a lone cannon. He ordered the Mexican soldiers out: not knowing the strength of the rebel Texans, they agreed. Briscoe was freed and Travis’ stature grew enormously with those Texans who favored independence: his fame only grew when it was revealed that Mexican authorities had issued a warrant for his arrest. William Travis Arrives at the Alamo: Travis missed out on the Battle of Gonzales and the Siege of San Antonio , but he was still a dedicated rebel and anxious to fight for Texas. After the Siege of San Antonio, Travis - by then a militia officer with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel - was ordered to collect up to 100 men and reinforce San Antonio, at the time being fortified by Jim Bowie and other Texans. The defense of San Antonio centered on the Alamo, a fortress-like old mission church in the center of town. Travis managed to round up about 40 men, paying them out of his own pocket, and he arrived at the Alamo on February 3, 1836. Discord at the Alamo: By rank, Travis was technically the second-in-command at the Alamo. The commander there was James Neill, who had fought bravely at the siege of San Antonio and who had vigorously reinforced the Alamo in the intervening months. About half the men there, however, were volunteers and therefore answered to no one: these men tended to listen only to James Bowie. Bowie generally deferred to Neill, but did not listen to Travis. When Neill left in February to attend to family matters, the differences between the two men caused a serious rift among the defenders. Eventually two things would unite Travis and Bowie (and the men they commanded) - the arrival of the diplomatic celebrity Davy Crockett and the advance of the Mexican army, commanded by General Antonio


In which Treaty of 1783 did Britain recognise the independence of the USA?

The Treaty of Versailles (1783) and the Redrawing of the Canada-US Border After two years of vacillation and delay, Great Britain and the future United States of America signed, on September 3, 1783, the Treaty of Versailles, which also involved France, Spain, and the Netherlands and officially marked the end of the War of American Independence. Great Britain recognized the sovereignty of the United States, which was made up of its 13 former colonies. However, since the Canada-U.S. border was not clearly defined, it was subsequently contested. The union of the Thirteen Colonies remained fragile, and it was not until four years later that a constitution was drafted and a veritable federation created. As for the first president of the new republic, George Washington, he did not take up his duties until 1789 (the year of the French Revolution). According to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the United States were granted... Independence under the name "United States of America" Expansion of their territory westward to Mississippi, as well as ownership of "Indian territory" A clearly defined border with Canada and the equal partition of the Great Lakes, except for Lake Michigan, which was granted to the Americans in full Fishing rights off the banks of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia Great Britain obtained... The recognition of debts it contracted before, during, and after the conflict (to be repaid in pounds sterling) Amnesty for the Loyalists and permission for them to resettle in other British colonies (Québec, Nova Scotia, Bermuda, the British West Indies, etc.) From a geographical viewpoint, the Treaty of Versailles redrew the borders between Great Britain's colonies to the north and the United States to the south. As a result, the United States' territory doubled, while that of the Province of Québec was reduced by a third. Under the Treaty, the southwest border of the colony of Québec was redrawn so as to bisect the Great Lakes, except for Lake Michigan, which was ceded to the Americans in its entirety. Further south, Great Britain lost Florida, which was handed over to Spain. Several border disputes remained to be resolved, in particular in Nova Scotia (on the territory of present-day New Brunswick). These new Québec borders meant that the Canadians who lived in the area south of the Great Lakes instantly became American citizens. Most of the inhabitants were Amerindians, French Métis, and French-speaking Whites. All of them became English speakers over the next few decades.


Which war of 1870 was precipitated by the 'Ems Telegram'?

First World War.com - Primary Documents - Ems Telegram, 1870 What's New Primary Documents - Ems Telegram, 1870 The Ems     Telegram was ostensibly a telegram from the Prussian Kaiser, Wilhelm I, to     his Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck which, when published (and as     anticipated by Bismarck) precipitated the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. Sponsored Links The     telegram's contents outlined the details of a disagreement between Wilhelm     and the French ambassador concerning the succession to the Spanish throne.   Bismarck subtly doctored the telegram to give the impression that each side     had insulted the other. Text of the Ems Telegram,     sent by Heinrich Abeken of the Foreign Office under Kaiser Wilhelm's     Instruction to Bismarck First, the Unedited     Version... His Majesty the King has     written to me: "Count Benedetti     intercepted me on the promenade and ended by demanding of me in a very     importunate manner that I should authorize him to telegraph at once that I     bound myself in perpetuity never again to give my consent if the     Hohenzollerns renewed their candidature. I rejected this demand     somewhat sternly as it is neither right nor possible to undertake     engagements of this kind [for ever and ever].  Naturally I told him     that I had not yet received any news and since he had been better informed via Paris and Madrid than I was, he must surely see that my government was     not concerned in the matter." [The King, on the advice of     one of his ministers] "decided in view of the above-mentioned demands not to     receive Count Benedetti any more, but to have him informed by an adjutant     that His Majesty had now received from [Leopold] confirmation of the news     which Benedetti had already had from Paris and had nothing further to say to     the ambassador. His Majesty suggests to     Your Excellency that Benedetti's new demand and its rejection might well be     communicated both to our ambassadors and to the Press." Next, Bismarck's     Published, Doctored Version "After the news of the     renunciation of the Prince von Hohenzollern had been communicated to the     Imperial French government by the Royal Spanish government, the French     Ambassador in Ems made a further demand on His Majesty the King that he     should authorize him to telegraph to Paris that His Majesty the King     undertook for all time never again to give his assent should the     Hohenzollerns once more take up their candidature. His Majesty the King     thereupon refused to receive the Ambassador again and had the latter     informed by the adjutant of the day that His Majesty had no further     communication to make to the Ambassador." Sponsored Links Saturday, 22 August, 2009 Michael Duffy Panzer was a term used to describe a German tank. - Did you know?


Kelmscott Press - The Private Press Movement - Emery Walker Library - Arts and Crafts Museum The Private Press Movement Kelmscott Press Kelmscott Press ‘I began printing books with the hope of producing some which would have a definite claim to beauty, while at the same time they should be easy to read and should not dazzle the eye, or trouble the intellect of the reader by eccentricity of form in the letters.’ These were William Morris’s aims in setting up his own press. The Kelmscott Press ran from 1890 until Morris’s death in 1896. William Morris had been experimenting with producing books for years. In his own time he was perhaps best known as a writer and poet, and no matter what other creative enthusiasm overtook him he always returned to his writing. It is not surprising that he wanted his own works to look good. His first experiment was with Edward Burne-Jones in the 1860s for an illustrated edition of his Earthly Paradise, but Morris was not satisfied. The slides  he saw at Emery Walker’s talk at the Arts & Crafts Exhibition Society on printing in 1888 inspired him to start his own press, and he founded the Kelmscott Press in 1890. Morris was determined that his books would be finely crafted and made of the best materials. Walker, with his trade connections, was able to give plenty of practical help. He photographed and enlarged typefaces for Morris to study, and he also assisted with photographing the illustrations. Handmade paper was sourced from Joseph Batchelor in Kent, and after an intensive search, truly black additive-free black ink was found in Hanover, made by the Gebrüder Jänecke. The first book produced by the press was The Story of the Glittering Plain, one of Morris’s own works.


Which English cathedral, dedicated to St. Mary, has an original copy of Magna Carta?

Salisbury Cathedral | Historic Wiltshire Guide Salisbury Cathedral Early History The history of Salisbury Cathedral goes back well before the first foundation stone was laid in 1220. To understand the history of the cathedral you have to travel north from the city centre a distance of several miles, to Old Sarum . Here, shortly after the Conquest, the Norman conquerors of England built a castle within the protective earthen banks of an Iron Age enclosure. In 1075, Bishop Osmund built a cathedral on low ground beneath the castle motte. This would have seemed a good spot to build, for the castle would offer the monks of Old Sarum protection in those turbulent times. However, the monks and the castle garrison were not happy stable mates; over the following century and a half, the monks of Old Sarum and the garrison of the castle clashed repeatedly. Finally, in 1220 the Bishop of Salisbury, Richard Poore, determined that he would build a new cathedral, far from the influence of the castle at Old Sarum. A fanciful legend tells that the Bishop stood on the castle mound and shot an arrow high into the sky, vowing to build his church where the arrow landed. The west front He must have been a prodigiously mighty man, for the site of the new cathedral lies several miles south of Old Sarum, in water meadows beside the slowly moving River Avon. Poore chose as his architect a canon of the cathedral named Elias de Derham, who had helped build the shrine of St Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral . We know little else about Elias de Derham, save that he may have used the services of a master mason named Nicholas of Ely to carry out his brilliant design. And brilliant it was; for a start, the water meadows where Bishop Poore decided to build his new cathedral had very little in the way of firm ground to support the weight of the structure. It is estimated that the massive tower rests on only 4 feet of gravel foundation. The first foundation stone was laid by Bishop Poore in 1220. The cloisters were begun in 1240, and the lovely Chapter House in 1263. In 1265 a free standing bell tower was added. This bell tower is long gone, the victim of remodeling carried out in the late 18th century by architect James Wyatt . The cathedral spire from the cloisters Bishop Poore needed clerics to carry out the work of the cathedral, and he brought in priests, clerks, canons, and senior clergy. These he gave parcels of land ranging about the Cathedral and along the river bank. Lower clergy were allotted an acre and half upon which to build their dwellings, and the senior clergy were given twice that measure. The land upon which the clergy dwellings were built is the Cathedral Close. In 1331 the Close was walled with stone taken from the original Norman cathedral at Old Sarum. Many of the old medieval buildings still remain within the Close, though some have been torn down and replaced with beautiful Georgian town houses, such as Mompesson House and Wren Hall. Architecture Salisbury Cathedral was built between 1220 and 1258, in a style we now call Early English Gothic (or just 'Early English' for short). This style emphasized height and light, and compared to the bulkier, heavier buildings of the 11th and 12th century, were quite revolutionary. Salisbury Cathedral is unique in England. Most grand churches evolved slowly over centuries, resulting in a finished structure that spans a multitude of architectural styles. Some cathedrals work as a finished whole, but some have the feel of a portrait painted by a variety of artists in different media and in different styles. Uniquely, Salisbury was built nearly to completion within a single generation. As a result, the final structure presents a unity of vision that is very satisfying and evocative of a single era of English architecture, and is probably the finest example of Early English in the country. The cathedral cloisters The spire, the tallest in Britain at 404 feet, was one of the last parts of the cathedral to be completed, in about 1330. It has undergone repair several times during the following


The Annals and The Histories are the 2 major works of which Roman historian who lived from around 56AD to around 117AD?

56-117AD Tacitus | Prophecy and History Home » 30-70AD The Last Days Tribulation » 30-70AD History (external support) » 56-117AD Tacitus John the Baptist 27 AD "The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand." (Matthew 3:2) 27 AD "Who warned you to flee from the wrath about to come?" (Matthew 3:7) 27 AD "The axe is already laid at the root of the trees." (Matthew 3:10) 27 AD "His winnowing fork is in His hand." (Matthew 3:12) 27 AD "The kingdom of heaven is at hand." (Matthew 4:17) 27 AD "The kingdom of God is at hand." (Mark 1:15) 27 AD “Who warned you to flee from the wrath about to come?” (Luke 3:7) 27 AD “The axe is already laid at the root of the trees. " (Luke 3:9) 27 AD "His winnowing fork is in His hand…." (Luke 3:17) Jesus the Christ 28 AD "The kingdom of heaven is at hand." (Matthew 10:7) 28 AD "You shall not finish going through the cities of Israel, until the Son of Man comes." (Matthew 10:23) 28 AD "....the age about to come." (Matthew 12:32) 28 AD “The kingdom of God has come near to you.” (Luke 10:9) 28 AD “The kingdom of God has come near.” (Luke 10:11) 30 AD "The Son of Man is about to come in the glory of His Father with His angels; and will then recompense every man according to his deeds." (Matthew 16:27) 30 AD "There are some of those who are standing here who shall not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom." (Matthew 16:28; cf. Mark 9:1; Luke 9:27) 30 AD "'When the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those vine-growers?' '....He will bring those wretches to a wretched end, and will rent out the vineyard to other vine-growers, who will pay him the proceeds at the proper seasons.' '....Therefore I say to you, the kingdom of God will be taken away from you, and be given to a nation producing the fruit of it.' ....When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard His parables, they understood that He was speaking about them." (Matthew 21:40-41,43,45) 30 AD "This generation will not pass away until all these things take place." (Matthew 24:34) 30 AD "From now on, you [Caiaphas, the chief priests, the scribes, the elders, the whole Sanhedrin] shall be seeing the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven." (Matthew 26:64; Mark 14:62; Luke 22:69) 30 AD "What will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the vine-growers, and will give the vineyard to others. ....They [the chief priests, scribes and elders] understood that He spoke the parable against them." (Mark 12:9,12) 30 AD "This generation will not pass away until all these things take place.” (Mark 13:30) 30 AD “What, therefore, will the owner of the vineyard do to them? He will come and destroy these vine-growers and will give the vineyard to others." …The scribes and the chief priests …understood that He spoke this parable against them.” (Luke 20:15-16,19) 30 AD “These are days of vengeance, in order that all things which are written may be fulfilled.” (Luke 21:22) 30 AD "This generation will not pass away until all things take place.” (Luke 21:32) 30 AD "Daughters of Jerusalem, stop weeping for Me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. For behold, the days are coming when they will say, 'Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bore, and the breasts that never nursed.' Then they will begin to say to the mountains, 'Fall on us,' and to the hills, 'Cover us.'” (Luke 23:28-30; Compare Revelation 6:14-17) 30 AD "I will come to you. …In that Day you shall know that I am in My Father, and you in Me, and I in you.' …'Lord, what then has happened that You are about to disclose Yourself to us, and not to the world?'" (John 14:18,20,22) 30 AD "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you?" (John 21:22) The Disciples 30 AD "We were hoping that He was the One who is about to redeem Israel.” (Luke 24:21) Paul the Apostle to the Gentiles 52 AD “…we who are alive, and remain until the coming of the Lord… …We who are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds… …You, brethren, are not in darkness, that the Day should overtake you like a


The blue giant star, Spica, lies in which constellation?

Spica is a whirling double star | Brightest Stars | EarthSky Spica is a whirling double star By Deborah Byrd and Larry Sessions in Brightest Stars | April 23, 2016 Spica is a binary star, with two stars larger and hotter than the sun, telescopically indistinguishable from a single point of light. The star Spica is also called Alpha Virginis, because it is the brightest star in Virgo. Its color is distinctly blue-white, even to the eye. Photo by Fred Espenak. Read more about Spica at Fred Espenak’s website. Spica looks like one star, but it is at least two stars, both larger and hotter than our sun, orbiting only 18 million kilometers (11 million miles) apart. That’s in contrast to 150 million kilometers for Earth’s distance from our sun. Their mutual gravity distorts each star into an egg shape, with the pointed ends facing each other as they whirl around, completing a single orbit in only four days. Follow the links below to learn more about Spica, brightest star in the constellation Virgo the Maiden. Spica science. Follow the arc to Arcturus, and speed on to Spica. Daniel McVey captured this image of the star Spica and the planet Mars on March 26, 2014. Spica is near Mars for much of 2014. How to see Spica. The best evening views of Spica come from spring to late summer when this star arcs across the southern sky. Spica rises in the east-southeast as the sunset glow fades in mid-April. At that time, it is visible most of the night. Two months later it beams at its highest point to the south in early evening. By the end of August, Spica can be viewed only briefly in the west-southwestern sky as darkness falls. Here’s how you can speed on to find Spica. First look for the Big Dipper in the northern sky. The Dipper is highest in the sky in spring and summer. Notice that the Big Dipper has a bowl and a long, curved handle. Find the Dipper, and then follow the curve of its handle outward, away from the Dipper itself. The first bright star you come to is orange Arcturus , but if you continue past it in the curving path, the next bright star is Spica. Scouts and stargazers remember this trick with the saying: Follow the arc to Arcturus, and speed on to Spica. Virgo? Here’s your constellation Spica is the brightest light in the constellation Virgo the Maiden, and it is the 15th brightest star visible from anywhere on Earth. It’s virtually the same brightness as Antares in the constellation Scorpius, so sometimes Antares is listed as the 15th and Spica as the 16th brightest. No matter. Identify this beautiful blue-white star, and – with the Big Dipper’s help to spot it in the sky – it’ll be your friend for life. Classical illustration of the constellation Virgo the Maiden, via constellationsofwords.com. History and mythology of Spica. Spica is from the Latin word for “ear,” and the general connotation is that it refers to an “ear of wheat.” Indeed, the star and the constellation Virgo itself were sometimes associated with the Greek goddess of the harvest, Ceres. There are many names and stories for Spica’s constellation – Virgo – in mythology, and by association with Spica as well. Fewer stories refer to Spica independently. Many classical references refer to Virgo’s stars as a goddess or with some association with wheat or the harvest. In Greece and Rome she typically was Astraea, the very personification of Justice; or Persephone, daughter of Ceres. In Egypt, Virgo was identified with Isis, and Spica was considered her lute bearer. In ancient China, Spica was a special star of spring known as the Horn. One Arabic name was Azimech, derived from words meaning Defenseless One or Solitary One. This title may be in reference to Spica’s solitary status with no other bright stars nearby. But Spica is not the most solitary star. That honor goes to Fomalhaut , sometimes called the Autumn Star. Artist’s concept of Spica from hypothetical planet. Image credit: Glyphweb.com Spica science. Spica is about 262 light-years away, based on data from the Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission of the 1990s. Spica is a binary star, with two stars wh


Which company produces the 'Whimsies' series of small solid porcelain animal figures?

Red Rose Wade Whimsies: Stroke of marketing genius defines a tea firm and creates a thriving collectible - Antique Trader Antique Trader Enter your e-mail address to receive a free download of The Business of Antiques, an insightful guide to achieving success in the marketplace. You'll also be signed up to receive e-newsletters from Antique Trader and partners. * Red Rose Wade Whimsies: Stroke of marketing genius defines a tea firm and creates a thriving collectible By: Zac Bissonnette | March 31, 2011 Imagine a young executive walking into a boardroom with this pitch: “I have an idea. This is brilliant. We’re going to sell black tea but – and this is where it gets good – we’re going to include small porcelain animal figurines in each box.” It must have seemed silly. Three-hundred million figurines and a legion of collectors later, it looks brilliant. In 1967, Brooke Bond Foods, the then-parent company of Red Rose Tea , contracted with George Wade and Son Ltd., a British ceramics manufacturer with roots dating back to 1867, to produce a line of miniatures to be included in specially marked boxes of Red Rose Tea in certain parts of Canada. The original 32 miniatures — known as “Whimsies” — were comprised of an assortment of animals. The company was pleased with the results, and launched a similar promotion in 1970, this time targeting the British market. In 1983, the company started including the miniatures in tea sold in the United States. In all, there have been a total of 206 different Whimsies issued by Wade for Red Rose Tea promotions. Seth Godin , the New York Times bestselling marketing expert behind books such as “ All Marketers Are Liars ,” says that the combination of figurines and Red Rose Tea actually makes some sense. “There’s probably a very high overlap between people with an affinity for a traditional tea and people with an affinity for that sort of gewgaw,” he says. The nostalgic appeal of quaint miniatures is a good fit with old-fashioned tea. The Ark display and a selection of figurines from the Noah’s Ark series Red Rose Tea promotion No. 3, 2002-2006. Michele Peters, a brand manager at Redco Foods , the parent company of Red Rose, says the figurines have been instrumental in the company’s success. “The great thing about our Red Rose tea brand is that many of our consumers have been drinking it since they were children and have fond memories of the brand.  That is where the figurines come into play,” she says. “We do typically see a spike in sales when we launch a new figurine series, which is about every 3 years or so,” she added. Collectors of Wade Whimsies congregate on sites like the Wade Whimsies group on Yahoo! (visit WadeWhimsies.com for more information) and there’s also the Official International Wade Collectors Club ( WadeCollectorsClub.co.uk ). Ian Warner, a long-time collector and co-author of The World of Wade Figurines and Miniatures II which was released in March, says that in the early days of the promotion, quality control was virtually nonexistent. “Many figurines came from the pottery with flaws or even broken but with a glaze over the broken area,” he says. “Collectors are only interested in figurines without flaws, cracks etc. which makes it more interesting for collectors to hunt down the more “perfect” pieces. Many figurines came from the pottery with slightly differing decorations as the early figurines were hand-painted. These variations are very collectible and highly sought after by collectors.” In recent years, says Warner, the variations in Whimsies have actually increased because of a change in the method of production. “For many years the figurines were produced using hand-crafted steel forms or molds. Each mold could produce up to 30,000 figurines before being discarded or remade,” he says. “Starting with the Pet Shop series [in 2006], Wade started to use a new method of production called ‘solid casting.’ Only about thirty figurines could be produced from a mold so many molds had to be made. This has caused a large number of size and mold variations.” More than 40 years


Who composed the opera Lucia di Lammermoor?

Lucia di Lammermoor - San Diego Opera Lucia di Lammermoor In the Classroom Donizetti and Lucia di Lammermoor Donizetti was born in 1797 in the town of Bergamo in Northern Italy. He had  the great fortune to be the student of Johann Simon Mayr, a Bavarian composer  and teacher who was a leading figure in the development of serious opera in  Italy. After this strong compositional foundation, he attended the conservatory  in Bologna and studied with teachers that Rossini had worked with just a few  years before. And, like Rossini, he ended up in Naples working for the Teatro  San Carlo after proving himself with the success of one of his early operas  in Rome. His work in Naples including a professorship at the Naples conservatory,  but during these years he frequently had the opportunity to write operas for  various theatres throughout Italy: in Milan, Palermo, Florence and Rome. It  was his opera Anna Bolena, about the second wife of Henry VIII that  shot him to fame with its production at the Teatro Carcano in Milan. The opera  was so well thought of that it was repeated in Paris and London and generated  in those cities a demand for more of the composer’s works. By the early  1830s Donizetti was an international figure. This brings us to the period immediately prior to the composition of Lucia.  At this time Donizetti was associating himself with the greatest singers of  the age: the sopranos Giuditta Pasta and Maria Malibran, the tenor Giovanni  Rubini, the baritone Giorgio Ronconi and the bass Filippo Galli. These singers  were the true operatic superstars of their day. In 1835 he was invited to Paris  where he had the opportunity to write his first opera for a French audience.  While there he absorbed the international flavor of that city, meeting some  of the greatest composers and artists of the day, including Frederic Chopin. Returning from Paris to Naples, he embarked on the score for Lucia di Lammermoor,  intended for the Teatro San Carlo in Naples, the center of most of his activity.  For this opera he was going to have two more great singers in the cast: the  soprano Fanny Persiani and the tenor Gilbert Duprez. But the management of the  theatre was badly run, there were delays in the promised libretto, and Donizetti  was getting increasingly impatient. He was finally paired with the great librettist  Salvatore Cammarano with whom he wrote a number of further operas and who himself  became one of the important early librettists for Giuseppe Verdi. Cammarano  took Donizetti’s chosen subject, The Bride of Lammermoor, and  reduced it to its most basic plot. In the process some important characters  in the Scott original were lost, but the story was tightened and made far more  dramatic in its overall impact. Donizetti completed the score in six weeks getting  it ready for the stage in time for its premiere on September 26, 1835. In the  midst of the flurry of compositional activity during that summer, the king of Naples fired the entire management of the theatre and funding for the company  was lost and then mysteriously restored. But all went well on opening night,  and Lucia was an instant success. Success was probably due as much to the greatness of the singers as it was  to Donizetti’s brilliant score. Persiani was in fine voice and her performance  of the famous mad scene brought the audience to near frenzy. Duprez was similarly  well received, as it was this tenor who began taking high Cs from the chest  voice rather than from the weaker, ethereal head voice preferred by earlier  tenors. The excitement and drama of the sound was hard to resist and by the  1840s every Italian tenor was copying him, making it possible for Verdi  to write some of his most demanding tenor roles. The opera captured the imagination of the Romantic audience, fulfilling their  demand for gothic stories, supernatural chills and fine singing all at the same  time. And although the opera went through a period of nearly fatal cuts by well-meaning


Trujillo and Chiclayo are cities in which country in the Americas

Arequipa, Trujillo and Chiclayo: Peru's New ICT Alternatives to Lima? - Nearshore Americas White papers and expert site selection information Carlos San Roman of Adecco Peru says Arequipa, Trujillo and Chiclayo can attract greater BPO investment in the days ahead Arequipa , according to Sanjiva Nath, is “Peru’s best kept IT industry secret.” Nath is the CEO and founder of Zagile, a business based in San Francisco, California, specializing in the development of a digital platform for software information management (SIM). Zagile, currently working with students and professors from the Computer Science Professional Program at San Pablo’s Catholic University, set up its operation in Arequipa only a year ago. Zagile serves clients in the United States, Europe and South America. David Chandler, an ex-developer with Google, also noticed the potential of this Peruvian city . Chandler moved to Arequipa, primarily in search of a place that would help him relieve of asthma, but soon discovered that the city offered not only health benefits but also a location to set up the Zuriel Corporation, a company specializing in the development of cell phone and Web apps. These are just a couple of examples of the technology businesses that Arequipa has managed to attract. Arequipa, with just over 831,000 inhabitants, is the second largest city in Peru. Many are of the opinion that it could even become Peru’s Silicone Valley as it has a growing academic community (there are over seven universities), offering  master’sand doctoral degrees in the IT field. “Many businesses are recruiting talent from Arequipa, and setting up operations there,” states Kenneth Lopez , General Manager at Tekton Labs, a business specializing in software and digital communication development. “It has come to be known as an area undergoing development, where qualified professionals can be found.” According to PromPeru, there is a surge in the number of businesses offering software development services, IT services, BPO services, and contact centers. Other cities – such as Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura and Tacna – are also experiencing a significant economic growth, states David Edery, PromPeru’s Service Exportation Coordinator. Decentralization Encourages Growth Nearly a third of Peru’s population lives in the capital Lima, causing a negative impact on other states. Most of the executives we interviewed suggested that Peru must bolster telecom and other infrastructure in other states to ease pressure on Lima and promote growth in other parts of the country. “Peru is a very centralized country,” states Lopez . “In the provincial cities, there is not enough emphasis on education, there is not enough supply of talent, and there are Internet access and connectivity problems; all of which resulted in a much slower rate of growth.” According to Carlos Castillo, Commercial Manager at SupraNetworks, a Peruvian telecommunication consultancy firm, connectivity is scarce.  The bandwidth currently offered by operators such as Claro, Movistar and Nextel is “limited and costly, which makes it extremely difficult for provincial businesses to develop.” The connectivity issue is further complicated by the geographic nature of the country. The Andes mountain range, the Pacific Desert, and the vast tropical rainforest all cause difficulties. Work on the National Dorsal Fiber Optic Network, spanning 13,400 km, is set to begin in 2016.  It is hoped that this network will help integrate the Peruvian provincial capitals, and open up high capacity networks . The Ministry of Economics and Finance (MEF) awarded Azteca Comunicaciones Peru(a business from Mexico’s Grupo Salinas), the contract to install the network. This project will result in significant benefits for nearly all provincial capitals, although they will only be felt in the long-term.  It is, however, already considered to be the biggest factor contributing to the improvement of many Peruvian secondary cities. “Decentralization is going to result in significant development; strengthening these secondary cities, generating new business


Common, Short Beaked and Spinner are all species of which mammal?

Short-Beaked Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) - Office of Protected Resources - NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources Photo: Howard Goldstein, NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center, STAR 2006 Did You Know? · The short-beaked common dolphin is widely distributed; they range from Newfoundland to Florida in the western North Atlantic Ocean. · Short-beaked and long-beaked common dolphins are so similar in appearance that the two species are easily confused. · Short-beaked common dolphins are probably one of the most abundant and familiar dolphins in the world, especially off the coast of California.   Photo: NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center Status CITES Appendix II - throughout its range Taxonomy The long-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus capensis) is another species of common dolphin. Species Description about 440 lbs (200 kg) Length: about 9 ft (2.7 m) Appearance:  distinct bright coloration and patterns: a dark gray cape along the back that creates a "V" just below the dorsal fin on either side of the body, they are yellow/ tan along the flank, between the dark cape and white ventral patch Lifespan: fish, mostly "epipelagic" schooling fish and cephalopods (e.g., squid) Behavior: usually found in large social groups averaging hundreds of individuals, but have occasionally been seen in larger of up to 10,000; often active at the surface displaying various behaviors, such as breaching, porpoising, "pitch-poling" , somersaulting, and "bowriding" Short-beaked common dolphins are small dolphins under 9 ft (2.7 m) long and weigh about 440 lbs (200 kg). As adults, males are slightly larger than females. They have a rounded "melon" , moderately long beak, and a sleek but robust body with a tall, pointed, triangular, "falcate" "dorsal" fin located in the middle of the back. This species can be identified by its distinct bright coloration and patterns. A dark gray cape extends along the back from the beak and creates a "V" just below the dorsal fin on either side of the body. There is a yellow/tan panel along the flank, between the dark cape and white ventral patch, forward of the dorsal fin. This bold coloration forms a crisscrossing "hourglass" pattern. A narrow dark stripe extends from the lower jaw to the flipper. There is also a complex color pattern on the facial area and beak that includes a dark eye patch. The coloration and patterns of young and juvenile dolphins are muted and pale, but become more distinguishable and bolder as they mature into adulthood. These morphologies can be variable and distinct based on different geographic and regional populations. The long-beaked common dolphin is another species of common dolphin that appears similar to the short-beaked common dolphin. Both species are in the same genus, Delphinus. The two species differ slightly in physical size, features, coloration, and pattern. Long-beaked common dolphins generally prefer shallower and warmer waters closer to the coast when compared to short-beaked common dolphins. There is a separate unclarified subspecies/dwarf form of the short-beaked common dolphin in the Black Sea called Delphinus delphis ponticus, as well as a distinct tropical population/subspecies of the long-beaked common dolphin in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia region called Delphinus capensis tropicalis. Short-beaked dolphins are usually found in large social groups averaging hundreds of individuals, but have occasionally been seen in larger herds consisting of thousands of animals (up to at least 10,000), which are known as "mega-pods." These large schools are thought to consist of sub-groups of 20-30 individuals that are possibly related or separated by age and/or sex. Short-beaked common dolphins are often active at the surface displaying various behaviors. These gregarious, energetic dolphins commonly breach, porpoise, "pitch-pole" , somersault, and conduct other frequent surface active behaviors. They will often approach ships and even large whales to "bowride" for long periods of time. Short-beaked common dolphins are capable of diving to at least 650


Sudeley Castle in Gloucestershire is the resting place of which Tudor queen?

Sudeley Castle, Winchcombe - TripAdvisor Sudeley Castle, Winchcombe Is this attraction a good picnic spot? Yes Is this attraction a good place to visit on a honeymoon? Yes Is this attraction a romantic spot to visit? Yes Does this attraction provide visitors with a taste of the local culture? Yes Is this an outdoor attraction or activity? Yes Does this activity require advanced planning, ticketing or reservations? Yes Is this activity accessible without advanced planning or reservations? Yes Would this be a good sunny day activity? Yes Would this be a good hot day activity? Yes Would this be a good cold day activity? Yes Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info. Reset zoom Address: 4632 Off B, Winchcombe GL54 5JD, England Phone Number: +44 1242 604244 Website Description: Romantic ruins, award-winning gardens and one thousand years of fascinating... Romantic ruins, award-winning gardens and one thousand years of fascinating history are among the many reasons to visit Sudeley Castle, which nestles in the Cotswold Hills in the historic town of Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, 8 miles from Broadway. Sudeley is the only privately owned home in England to have a Queen (Katherine Parr, Henry VIII's sixth wife) buried within the grounds. With a new visitor route which includes Castle rooms - some never before opened to the public - a '20 Treasures of Sudeley Tour', plus a Cafe, play and picnic area, pheasantry and events throughout the season, there is something for everyone at this must-see Cotswolds attraction. Sudeley Castle is open seasonally from mid-March until the beginning of November. read more Terrible “Christmas Lights Spectacular ” Lovely evening, bit of confusion about where to park though. Route well lit and marked out, staff on duty all around garden. Lovely music accompanied lights and thoroughly enjoyed... read more Reviewed yesterday


Which pop singer's maiden name was Lawrie and is now Kennedy Cairns?

1000+ images about LULU on Pinterest | Wedding coat, Lulu singer and British British broadcaster and journalist Cathy McGowan (left) and Scottish singer Lulu at the 'Ready Steady Go!' New Year party, January 1966. See More


The Kyle Railway line runs between Kyle of Lochalsh and which town or city?

Kyle Line | ScotRail Inverness to Kyle of Lochalsh - approx 2 hours 40 minutes Highlights The Torridon Peaks – to the west, just before the stop at Achnashellach Forest Herds of deer – on the downhill route from Loch Luichart to Garve Ben Wyvis – an isolated mountain visible between Muir of Ord and Dingwall Consider stopping at Plockton for its beautiful bay – the town was used for the BBC series Hamish Macbeth and scenes in The Wicker Man Attadale for Attadale Gardens – for 20 acres of Scottish Highland gardens on Wester Ross The journey: across the Highlands The train leaves Inverness to glide along the southern bank of the Beauly Firth, through Dingwall and on to Garve – keep an eye out for Ben Wyvis just after Dingwall, a huge isolated mountain to the north. From there the line crosses the wild Highland mountainscape between Lochs Luichart and Carron. Look out for the Torridon Peaks on the western side: you can’t miss the great hulk of rock in the distance. At the other end of Loch Carron you’ll find Plockton. Stop off to explore the pretty town – complete with palm trees – then spot the locations used for BBC series Hamish Macbeth, and The Wicker Man. And on the last stretch towards Kyle of Lochalsh, the views of Skye are spectacular.


Which Spanish painter died in Bordeaux in April 1928?

Francisco de Goya - An Introduction | Francisco de Goya y Lucientes Died April 15, 1828 Bordeaux, France The self portrait image above is a an ink-wash drawing Goya did at near the age of fifty. The original is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. During the time that Goya lived and painted,Spain, the place of his birth, went through repeated upheaval and periods of extreme violent crisis. He lived through the political dysfunction of changing leadership in Spain, the revival of the Inquisition, military occupation of Spain by France, and the installment of Napoleon's brother Joseph Bonaparte as the King of Spain. Afterwards, when the oppressive Spanish King Ferdinand VII was reinstated as monarch, Goya was "officially rehabilitated" along with other Spanish notables, but this situation was pre-empted by another revolution (1820), in which general Rafael Riego led insurgents against the King, and put in place a new government and liberal constitution. However, with military backing, King Ferdinand was back in power by 1822. Despite the fact he was named to the highest privileged position for an artist in Spain, "First Painter to the King," Goya, as did many others, left the country in a search for stability. Though he would return on trips to the Spain he had lived in for most of his eighty-some years, Goya died an exile in Bordeaux, France. Goya has often been accused by some writers for an apparent misanthropy and general bitterness toward the world. They overlook that Goya's work repetitiously disdains cruelty, arrogance, and savagely attacks - - sometimes with satire, but often with blunt reportage - - the venal practices of the powerful people he knew. That Spain was in Goya's affections is not disputable; but that he harbored a loathing for the weaknesses and the proud cruelties, the moral chaos and the failure of intellectual ideals that added to the chaos, is discernible in the evolution of Goya's approach to presenting images, and chiefly in his choices of subject matter. He was, above all, an artist, and as a man, one who learned about the failures around him by experiencing them himself. – Erik Weems, 1998 Francisco de Goya y Lucientes Born March 30, 1746 – Died April 16, 1828. Spanish painter applauded in art history as the transition personality between the Old Masters and modern art. Court painter to the Spanish Crown, Goya pursued personal projects in paint, drawings and etchings in which he chronicled national historical events and carefully articulated a critique of Spanish, and then European ideals, society, morales and religious institutions. GOYA TOP PICKS: Sleep of Reason (Caprichos #43) Goya Ephemera "From          this headlong seizure of life we should not expect a calm          and refined art, nor a reflective one. Yet Goya was more          than a Nietzschean egoist riding roughshod over the world          to assert his supermanhood. He was receptive to all shades          of feeling, and it was his extreme sensitivity as well as          his muscular temerity that actuated his assaults on the          outrageous society of Spain." From Thomas Craven's          essay on Goya from MEN OF ART (1931). "...Loneliness          has its limits, for Goya was not a prophet but a painter.          If he had not been a painter his attitude to life would          have found expression only in preaching or suicide." From Andre Malroux's essay in SATURN: AN ESSAY ON GOYA (1957). "Goya          is always a great artist, often a frightening one...light          and shade play upon atrocious horrors." From Charles          Baudelaire's essay on Goya from CURIOSITES ESTRANGERS (1842). "[An]          extraordinary mingling of hatred and compassion, despair          and sardonic humour, realism and fantasy." From the          foreword by Aldous Huxley to THE COMPLETE ETCHINGS OF           GOYA (1962). "His


Athena is the Greek counterpart of which Roman goddess?

Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Athena? | Reference.com Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Athena? A: Quick Answer The Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Athena was Minerva. Famous for her keen wit and wisdom, she is the patron goddess of arts and crafts. Full Answer . Athena is venerated as a skilled war-time strategist, although she did not like or engage in violence herself. Although the goddess Athena/Minerva traditionally is depicted dressed in armor and equipped for battle, her role in mankind's development was one of peace. The ancient Greeks and Romans credited the goddess with teaching mankind the essential skills of sewing, weaving, agriculture and metallurgy. Her clothing reflects her passion for helping and protecting the warriors who defended Athens, the city that bears her name. Sometimes called "Athena Nike," or Athena the Victorious, she was believed to be responsible for Athens' victory in the Persian War.


Which actor starred as Dr Who in the 1st colour episode?

11 Actors Who Have Played The Doctor | Mental Floss 11 Actors Who Have Played The Doctor Image credit:  Like us on Facebook There have been many actors who have portrayed the Doctor in various settings, but eleven have been the official Doctors. We'll look at all of them here. 1. William Hartnell Veteran character actor William Hartnell was born in 1908 to humble beginnings; his mother was unwed, he never knew his father, and his first career move was into petty crime. A boxing instructor got him started on horse racing, but he found his real passion when he got a job as a stagehand at the age of 18. He quickly got into acting, working constantly with only a break to serve in World War II in an armored regiment. He ended up typecast in comic tough-guy roles (you can see one of them in The Mouse That Roared), and when Verity Lambert offered him the part of a mysterious time traveler in an educational show aimed at children, he jumped at the part. He created a character who was highly intelligent but not always as wise as he thought himself, brilliant but forgetful, cantankerous but with a deep compassion under the surface. He enjoyed the role tremendously, but by 1966, his health was deteriorating due to arteriosclerosis and he had to quit. The producers came up with the idea of having his character transform into a new actor, and Hartnell suggested Patrick Troughton, who was approached and accepted the part. Hartnell reprised his role once more for the tenth anniversary special, "The Three Doctors," but his health had deteriorated more than the production crew realized and his part had to be rewritten to accommodate his capabilities; it was his final work as an actor, and he passed away in 1974 at the age of 67. 2. Patrick Troughton Born in 1920, Patrick Troughton went directly into an acting career and was undergoing formal training in New York City when World War II broke out. He returned to England and joined the Navy, where he had a decorated career before returning to the theater, gaining a reputation as a reliable and versatile character actor. In 1953, he became the first person to play Robin Hood on television and found a succession of television, film, and radio roles afterward before Innes Lloyd, the new producer of Doctor Who, approached him in 1966 about succeeding William Hartnell in the title role. He ended up playing the role as what series creator Sydney Newman called a "cosmic hobo," inspired partly by silent film star Charlie Chaplin — brilliant, a bit egotistical, and also a bit of a comedian. He'd sometimes play the recorder, a significant change from the First Doctor, who had no apparent musical talent, and it was during this era that the sonic screwdriver was first seen. After three years, he decided to move on, although he returned three more times to reprise the role, in "The Three Doctors," "The Five Doctors," and "The Two Doctors." He returned to his work as a character actor after his time on Doctor Who, working hard despite doctors' advice due to major heart problems. In 1987, he defied doctor's orders to stay in the country and recuperate and went on one more convention tour. He died on March 27, 1987, in Columbus, Georgia. (I actually saw him once, and got his autograph, earlier in the same U.S. tour. He seemed in good health, but, well, he was a very good actor.) Acting was in his blood; several of his children and grandchildren have gone into acting. The youngest of these is Harry Melling, whom Harry Potter fans know as Dudley Dursley. 3. Jon Pertwee Born in 1919, and thus actually a year older than the man he would replace, Jon Pertwee was born into a family that already had a lot of actors in it. Like the first two Doctors, he joined the military in World War II; although his service wasn't as distinguished as Troughton's, he did acquire an interesting souvenir: he woke up one morning after a drunken shore leave to find a tattoo on his arm, which made a brief appearance in his debut episode of Doctor Who. After the war, he became known as a comic actor on stage, television, and film. Whe


On which river does the Suffolk town of Dedham stand?

Dedham | Village | Dedham|Essex Village CO7 6DE Details Set by the River Stour, Dedham is in the heart of Constable Country. It was here that Britain's greatest landscape artist went to school. The attractive main street is lined with Georgian-fronted houses, old inns and a large art/crafts centre. The magnificent 15th C. church was built from the wealth of the medieval cloth industry. Dedham is frequently rated as containing some of England's most beautiful Lowland landscape, most particularly the Water Meadows of the River Stour, which passes along the northern boundary of the village forming the boundary between the counties of Essex and Suffolk. Of longer influence in Dedham was horse painter, Sir Alfred Munnings who became President of the Royal Academy. His house in Dedham, Castle House, now contains a gallery of his work, and his studio.


What is the most well-known creation of the Japanese artist Taro Chiezo?

A walking tour of Liverpool's best sculptures Posted by Mark Langshaw in Around the City , Art , Featured , Liverpool Life Jun, 10 2016 1 Comment Carving a path: A walking tour of Liverpool’s best sculptures The Liver Birds may be Liverpool’s most famous sculptures but from their lofty perches, these watchful avians have witnessed countless others spring up across the city centre over the years. Our grand city plays host to more statues than any other in the UK outside of London, and with the 2016 Biennial set to bring even more public artwork to Merseyside, Your Move has put together a walking tour of Liverpool’s best sculptures, from historic monuments to hidden gems that slip under the radar too easily. Words by Mark Langshaw View and save our walking trail map 1) SuperLambBanana – Tithebarn Street This quirky mashup of animal and fruit can be found standing guard outside the Avril Robarts Library on Tithebarn Street. Weighing almost eight tonnes and standing at 17 ft, Japanese artist Taro Chiezo’s SuperLambBanana was commissioned in 1998 for Britain’s Art Transpennine exhibition. Taro’s creation not only shows off the artist’s sense of humour, but also raises awareness of the pitfalls surrounding genetic engineering and evokes the heyday of Liverpool’s docks by merging two of its most common cargo loads: fruit and livestock. 2) Palanzana – Byrom Street Situated on the west side of Byrom Street between twin flyovers lies Stephen Cox’s Palanzana, a tree-like form wrapped around a large sphere which was carved out of volcanic rock mined from an Italian quarry that shares its name. Commissioned for the Garden Festival of 1984 and relocated to its current home in 1998, the public artwork highlights Stephen’s fascination with dressed and undressed stone, with parts of the sculpture made from smooth, polished stone and others from unfashioned rock. 3) The Hod Carrier – Hunter Street The Hod Carrier is a relic of Liverpool’s Gerard Gardens tenements, a grand residential development which once housed entire communities. A tribute to a worker who lost his life during the building’s construction, the monument is a replica of a sculpture which was salvaged when the flats were demolished in 1987. Some would argue the Hod Carrier is too fine an artwork to be situated amid multiple lanes of traffic on Hunter Street, but its placement marks the original location of Gerard Gardens. 4) The Hillsborough Monument Memorial – William Brown Street A poignant tribute to the 96 football fans who died in the 1989 stadium disaster, The Hillsborough Monument Memorial was crafted by renowned sculptor Tom Murphy to ensure Liverpool city centre has a dedicated spot where people can go to remember the victims of the tragedy. The circular sculpture, which was commissioned by the Hillsborough Justice Campaign, is wrought out of bronze and bears the names of the 96 along with figures which represent the themes of justice, hope and loss. 5) The Beatle Street Statue – Matthew Street Liverpool’s music legacy is etched into stone thanks to the number of sculpture tributes to The Beatles found up and down the city. Adorning a Matthew Street wall, the Beatle Street Statue by local artist Arthur Dooley was the first to arrive on the scene when it was unveiled in 1974. The artwork depicts cherubic versions of the band members being cradled by The Madonna, above the fitting caption ‘Four Lads Who Shook The World’. 6) The Statue of Liberty – Lime Street Most Liverpudlians have walked right past this hidden gem on countless occasions and many of those who have spotted it won’t have given its cultural merit a second thought. A miniature version of the Statue of Liberty sits regally above McHale’s Irish American Bar as a reminder of a bygone age, a time before World War II when the bar’s predecessor was regularly frequented by US servicemen. The watering hole doesn’t host as many American sailors these days, but the monument above it adds stateside character to Lime Street. 7) Reconciliation – Concert Square Although Concert Square’s culture is largely limited to


Give a year in the life of of the English philosopher, statesman and scientist, Sir Francis Bacon.

Sir Francis Bacon > By Individual Philosopher > Philosophy (Lithograph) Introduction Sir Francis Bacon (Baron Verulam, 1st Viscount St Alban) (1561 - 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, essayist and scientist of the late Renaissance period. He was an astute and ambitious politician in the turbulent and poisonous political climate of Elizabethan and Jacobean England. But, despite his sometimes nefarious dealings and constant battles against debt, he was also the possessor of a brilliant mind. His major contribution to philosophy was his application of inductive reasoning (generalizations based on individual instances), the approach used by modern science, rather than the a priori method of medieval Scholasticism and Aristotelianism . He was an early proponent of Empiricism and the scientific method. Life Francis Bacon was born in London, England on 22 January 1561. His father was Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal under Queen Elizabeth I; his mother was Ann Cooke, Sir Nicholas' second wife, daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, and sister-in-law of William Cecil (Lord Burghley) (chief advisor to Queen Elizabeth). He was therefore raised as an English gentleman, and had many contacts in the royal court of the day. He was the youngest of his father's five sons and three daughters. Bacon's early education was conducted at home owing to poor health, which plagued him throughout his life. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge at the age of twelve (living in Cambridge for three years with his older brother, Anthony), and it was there that he first met the Queen, who was impressed by his precocious intellect. In 1576, he briefly entered the upper class part of Gray's Inn, but was soon granted the opportunity to travel (with Sir Amias Paulet, the English ambassador at Paris) throughout France, Italy and Spain, including some time spent at the University of Poitiers in France and at the French court. There were unsubstantiated rumours that he became romantically involved during this time with Marguerite de Valois, sister of the French king). In February 1579, he returned to England on the sudden death of his father, although his inheritance was much less than anticipated, and he returned to Gray's Inn to study law in order to support himself. He was admitted as a junior barrister in 1582, but his ambitions (which he described as to discover truth, to serve his country and to serve his church) led him into politics. He served as Member of Parliament for Melcome Regis in 1584, and then Taunton (1586), Southampton and Ipswich (1597), Liverpool (1589), Middlesex (1593) and St Albans and Ipswich (1604). His early opposition to Elizabeth�s tax program retarded his political advancement, but, with the help of his powerful uncle, Lord Burghley, he rose quickly in the legal profession, receiving the valuable appointment of reversion to the Clerkship of the Star Chamber in 1589. During this period, he also became acquainted with Queen Elizabeth's favourite, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and by 1591, he was acting as the earl's confidential adviser. He continued to use his contacts to advance his career, including an appointment to Queen's Counsel in 1596, although his money problems continued and, in 1598, he was briefly arrested for his bad debts. He was an astute politician and managed to sever his ties with the Duke of Essex before Essex was executed for treason in 1601 (even publicly arguing against his old benefactor). With the accession of King James I after Elizabeth's death in 1603, Bacon's star continued to rise and he was knighted in the same year. In 1606, he married Alice Barnham, the 14-year old daughter of a well-connected London MP (he was later to disinherit her on the discovery of her infidelity). Despite the generous income from his various legal positions, old debts and his spendthrift ways kept him indebted. He managed to negotiate the political obstacles of King James' reign, and continued to receive the King's favour, although he was not always so popular with his peers. He was rewarded with one


In the Jewish religion, by what name are the first five books of the Tanakh collectively known?

Jewish sacred texts - ReligionFacts ReligionFacts Jewish Timeline Jewish sacred texts Jews are known as the "People of the Book," an appropriate title. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE and the subsequent exile, sacrifices became impossible and Jewish religious life turned to study of the scriptures and prayer in the synagogue. Study of Torah and other Jewish texts has been central to religious life ever since. The Torah, the Talmud, and other Jewish writings are precious sources of Jewish history and divine commandments (the mitzvot), both of which continue to play a dominant part in Judaism. To remember the great things God has done for the Jewish people in history, and what he asks of them in return, selections from the Torah and the Prophets are read in the synagogue several times a week. To assist in proper interpretation and application of the mitzvot, a great body of rabbinical writings has developed and continues to develop to this day. Study of Torah (preferably in its original language, Hebrew) is an integral part of a Jewish child's education, and even Jewish mysticism is focused on intensive textual study. Tanakh The Jewish sacred text is the Tanakh, whose name is an acronym of Torah, Nebi'im and Ketuvim (Law, Prophets and Writings). It consists of the same books as the Christian Old Testament, although in a slightly different order and with other minor differences. Torah Although the word "Torah" is sometimes used to refer to the entire Tanakh or even the whole body of Jewish writings, it technically means the first five books of the Tanakh. These books are also known as the Five Books of Moses or the Pentateuch. Talmud: The Oral Torah Another important Jewish text is the Talmud, a collection of rabbinical writings that interpret, explain and apply the Torah scriptures. The Talmud was written between the second and fifth century CE, but Orthodox Jews believe it was revealed to Moses along with the Torah and preserved orally until it was written down. The Talmud is thus known as the "Oral Torah," with the first five books of the Tanakh designated the "Written Torah." Midrash A third group of Jewish literature is the Midrash, which is a large body of rabbinical material derived primary from sermons (the Hebrew word for "sermon" is d'rash). The primary collections of Midrash were compiled between the fourth and sixth centuries, but the midrashic form continues to the present day. Responsa A further set of Jewish writings is the responsa, a vast collection (thousands of volumes) of answers to specific questions on Jewish law. If the Talmud is a law book, the responsa are case law. The Septuagint An ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible dating to before the time of Jesus Christ, and used extensively by New Testament writers and the early church. Zohar The Sefer ha-Zohar (Book of Splendor) is the central text of Kabbalah, the mystical branch of Judaism.