At which UK General Election was Helen Grant elected, the Conservative Party's first black female MP?

Three Out Of Five Nigerians Win Parliamentary Seats In UK General Elections-NigeriaToday | Sahara Reporters Three Out Of Five Nigerians Win Parliamentary Seats In UK General Elections-NigeriaToday For the first time ever, Nigerian-Britons  have secured seats by Sahara Reporters May 09, 2010 For the first time ever, Nigerian-Britons  have secured seats in the UK parliament. In the first serious attempt last Thursday, three emerged victorious in the UK’s toughest elections  in more than three decades. Chuka Umunna (Labour), Helen Grant (Conservative) and  Chi Onwurah (Labour) won their constituency seats while Kemi Adegoke (Conservative) and  Abbey Akinoshun (Independent  candidate) were unsuccessful.  The trio contributed to a record number of ethnic minorities now in the UK parliament, up from the previous 14 to 27, exceeding predictions by analysts.  In addition, there were also a number of firsts. Labour candidate Shabana Mahmood is the first Muslim woman to be elected, in Birmingham Ladywood constituency.  Nigeria's Grant is the first black woman to represent the Conservatives in parliament.  Onwurah is the first African woman to win a parliamentary seat, in Newcastle Central, and Priti Patel became the Conservative Party's first Asian female MP, winning Witham in Essex to become one of 19 Asian MPs. In Streatham district, Umunna who swept to victory said he was “humbled” by winning a close fought contest. Standing for election for the first time, he took the seat with a 3,259-vote majority. He hauled a massive 20,037 votes, beating his nearest rival, Lib Dem candidate Chris Nicholson, who received 16,778 votes.  “I was born and bred in this constituency and the fact that so many of my neighbours, close friends and people I know in the community and that I am tasked to represent them is something that makes me deeply humbled.  I know our party will do everything we can for the residents of this fantastic place.”  Umunna is a leading organiser of the Black Socialist Society (BSS) and vice-chairman of the Streatham Labour Party in south London. He called the victory "a quite extraordinary night." Born in London of mixed Nigerian, English and Irish parentage, he went to school in Streatham and Catford. He obtained a degree in English Law and French Law and spent some time at the University of Burgundy, before attending Law School in Nottingham. One of the two Nigerian female Conservative party victors,  Helen Grant broke down in tears and hugged her husband after clinching the Maidstone and Weald seat. Grant is a solicitor who was brought up by a single mother on a Carlisle council estate. Grant beat Liberal Democrat rival Peter Carroll by 5,889 votes, despite earlier predictions that the contest would be more closely fought. The turnout was 69.1 per cent. The mother-of-two admitted she had a hard act to follow in replacing her predecessor, the popular Conservative stalwart Ann Widdecombe, who stepped down after 23 years in Parliament. “Ann has been a great friend to me and she’s an amazing woman” she said. “I can’t wait to step into her shoes and be the MP for this amazing constituency. Her husband Simon simply said: “I am just so proud of her.” The full results for Grant’s Maidstone and the Weald constituency are:  Helen Grant (Tory): 23,491. Peter Carroll (Liberal Democrat): 17,602. Rav Seeruthun (Labour): 4,769. Gareth Kendall (UKIP): 1,637. Stuart Jeffery (Green): 655. Gary Butler (National Front): 643. Heidi Simmons (Christian Party): 131.   Chi Onwurah, the third successful Nigerian-Brit was born in Wallsend, grew up on Hillsview Avenue in Kenton and went to Kenton School before studying Electrical Engineering in London. ‘’I have lived in many different cities around the world, without ever for a moment forgetting where I am from: Newcastle. My values and beliefs were formed in Newcastle based on the people I grew up with and my own experiences” Onwurah said. ‘’My maternal grandfather was a sheet metal worker in the shipyards of the Tyne during the depression. My mother grew up in poverty in Garth Heads on the qua


"According to the nursery rhyme ""Polly put the kettle on"", who took it off again?"

Polly Put the Kettle On - English Children's Songs - England - Mama Lisa's World: Children's Songs and Rhymes from Around the World Polly Put the Kettle On Polly was a nickname for Mary and Sukey for Susan in the mid 18th century... Polly Put the Kettle On Nursery Rhyme Polly put the kettle on, Polly put the kettle on, Polly put the kettle on, We'll all have tea. Sukey take it off again, Sukey take it off again, Sukey take it off again, They've all gone away. Polly Put the Kettle On Nursery Rhyme Polly put the kettle on, Polly put the kettle on, Polly put the kettle on, We'll all have tea. Sukey take it off again, Sukey take it off again, Sukey take it off again, They've all gone away. Advertisement Notes According to The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (1951), edited by Iona and Peter Opie, in Polly Put the Kettle On, "tea" and "away" are meant to rhyme. Here's a slightly different version from The Real Mother Goose (1916): Polly, put the kettle on, Polly, put the kettle on, Polly, put the kettle on, And let's drink tea. Sukey, take it off again, Sukey, take it off again, Sukey, take it off again, They're all gone away. The version below is from The Little Mother Goose (1912), illustrated by Jessie Willcox Smith. I haven't found this version anywhere else (so far). It may be a version that was made up in the early 20th century. Some of the material in Jessie Willcox Smith's book is from the Good Housekeeping Magazine. It's possible it was written specifically for the magazine. Polly put the kettle on, Susy took it off; Has got the whooping cough. Phoebe rode a nanny goat, Susy broke her leg, Father took his wedding coat And hung it on a peg.


Salvador Dali was a principal figure in what artistic movement?

Salvador Dalí Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works | The Art Story Like The Art Story on Facebook Follow The Art Story on Google+ "The fact that I myself, at the moment of painting, do not understand my own pictures, does not mean that these pictures have no meaning; on the contrary, their meaning is so profound, complex, coherent, and involuntary that it escapes the most simple analysis of logical intuition." Synopsis Salvador Dalí is among the most versatile and prolific artists of the twentieth century and the most famous Surrealist. Though chiefly remembered for his painterly output, in the course of his long career he successfully turned to sculpture, printmaking, fashion, advertising, writing, and, perhaps most famously, filmmaking in his collaborations with Luis Buñuel and Alfred Hitchcock. Dalí was renowned for his flamboyant personality and role of mischievous provocateur as much as for his undeniable technical virtuosity. In his early use of organic morphology, his work bears the stamp of fellow Spaniards Pablo Picasso and Joan Miró. His paintings also evince a fascination for Classical and Renaissance art, clearly visible through his hyper-realistic style and religious symbolism of his later work. Key Ideas Freudian theory underpins Dalí's attempts at forging a formal and visual language capable of rendering his dreams and hallucinations. These account for some of the iconic and now ubiquitous images through which Dalí achieved tremendous fame during his lifetime and beyond. Obsessive themes of eroticism, death, and decay permeate Dalí's work, reflecting his familiarity with and synthesis of the psychoanalytical theories of his time. Drawing on blatantly autobiographical material and childhood memories, Dalí's work is rife with often ready-interpreted symbolism, ranging from fetishes and animal imagery to religious symbols. Dalí subscribed to Surrealist André Breton's theory of automatism, but ultimately opted for his own self-created system of tapping the unconscious termed "paranoiac critical", a state in which one could simulate delusion while maintaining one's sanity. Paradoxically defined by Dalí himself as a form of "irrational knowledge," this method was applied by his contemporaries, mostly Surrealists, to varied media, ranging from cinema to poetry to fashion. Most Important Art The Persistence of Memory (1931) This iconic and much-reproduced painting depicts the fluidity of time as a series of melting watches, their forms described by Dalí as inspired by a surrealist perception of Camembert cheese melting in the sun. The distinction between hard and soft objects highlights Dalí's desire to flip reality lending to his subjects characteristics opposite their usually inherent properties, an un-reality often found in our dreamscapes. They are surrounded by a swarm of ants hungry for the organic processes of putrefaction and decay of which Dalí held unshakable fascination. Because the melting flesh at the painting's center resembles Dalí, we might see this piece as a reflection on the artist's immortality amongst the rocky cliffs of his Catalonian home. Oil on canvas - Museum of Modern Art, New York Like The Art Story on Facebook Biography Childhood Dalí was born in Figueres, a small town outside Barcelona, to a prosperous middle class family. The family suffered greatly before the artist's birth, because their first son (also named Salvador) died quickly. The young artist was often told that he is the reincarnation of his dead brother - an idea that surely planted various ideas in the impressionable child. His larger-than-life persona blossomed early alongside his interest in art. He is claimed to have manifested random, hysterical, rage-filled outbursts toward his family and playmates. Our Sponsor: Musart Boutique. Article Continues Below Salvador Dalí in your home - own a piece of the museum From a very young age, Dali found much inspiration in the surrounding Catalan environs of his childhood and many of its landscapes would become recurring motifs in his later key paintings.His lawyer father and his


On what day in 1066 was William I crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey?

William the Conqueror invades England - Sep 28, 1066 - HISTORY.com William the Conqueror invades England Share this: William the Conqueror invades England Author William the Conqueror invades England URL Publisher A+E Networks Claiming his right to the English throne, William, duke of Normandy, invades England at Pevensey on Britain’s southeast coast. His subsequent defeat of King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings marked the beginning of a new era in British history. William was the illegitimate son of Robert I, duke of Normandy, by his concubine Arlette, a tanner’s daughter from the town of Falaise. The duke, who had no other sons, designated William his heir, and with his death in 1035 William became duke of Normandy at age seven. Rebellions were epidemic during the early years of his reign, and on several occasions the young duke narrowly escaped death. Many of his advisers did not. By the time he was 20, William had become an able ruler and was backed by King Henry I of France. Henry later turned against him, but William survived the opposition and in 1063 expanded the borders of his duchy into the region of Maine. In 1051, William is believed to have visited England and met with his cousin Edward the Confessor, the childless English king. According to Norman historians, Edward promised to make William his heir. On his deathbed, however, Edward granted the kingdom to Harold Godwine, head of the leading noble family in England and more powerful than the king himself. In January 1066, King Edward died, and Harold Godwine was proclaimed King Harold II. William immediately disputed his claim. In addition, King Harald III Hardraade of Norway had designs on England, as did Tostig, brother of Harold. King Harold rallied his forces for an expected invasion by William, but Tostig launched a series of raids instead, forcing the king to leave the English Channel unprotected. In September, Tostig joined forces with King Harald III and invaded England from Scotland. On September 25, Harold met them at Stamford Bridge and defeated and killed them both. Three days later, William landed in England at Pevensey. With approximately 7,000 troops and cavalry, William seized Pevensey and marched to Hastings, where he paused to organize his forces. On October 13, Harold arrived near Hastings with his army, and the next day William led his forces out to give battle. At the end of a bloody, all-day battle, King Harold II was killed–shot in the eye with an arrow, according to legend–and his forces were defeated. William then marched on London and received the city’s submission. On Christmas Day, 1066, William the Conqueror was crowned the first Norman king of England, in Westminster Abbey, and the Anglo-Saxon phase of English history came to an end. French became the language of the king’s court and gradually blended with the Anglo-Saxon tongue to give birth to modern English. William I proved an effective king of England, and the “Domesday Book,” a great census of the lands and people of England, was among his notable achievements. Upon the death of William I in 1087, his son, William Rufus, became William II, the second Norman king of England. Related Videos


What Texas city stands on the Rio Grande (Ro Bravo del Norte), across the border from Ciudad Jurez, Chihuahua, Mexico?

3M US : Juarez, Mexico Plant : Juarez Life Contact Us Juarez Life Ciudad Juarez, more commonly known as just Juarez, is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua formerly known as El Paso del Norte. Juarez has an estimated population of 1.3 million people. It stands on the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte), across the border from El Paso, Texas. The two cities form a metropolitan area of more than 2.5 million people. The city has a growing industrial center which is made up in large part by the more than 300 assembly plants located on the outskirts of the city. Juarez, Mexico, offers a wide variety of recreational things to do with tourist attractions ranging from car racing to theater. For more information about Juarez, visit the links in the “Related Links” section. A Brief History of Juarez, Mexico Indian tribes inhabited the area for thousands of years, and the fertile valley provided support for the tribes and travelers. In 1581, the first Spanish explorer, Don Juan de Onate crossed the Rio Grande River at what would later become El Paso del Norte. This was forty years before the Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth Rock. The Rio Grande (or Rio Bravo) River gave the area its name and prosperity. Contrary to popular belief, El Paso does not refer to a passage through the mountains but rather a place to cross the river. Father Garcia de San Francisco would later found the Mission of our Lady of Guadalupe, which was completed in January of 1668. The Mission still stands in downtown Juarez today. For a short time in 1865, the city was the capital of the Mexican government. Fleeing from the French forces of Maximillian, President Benito Juarez established his government here. Eventually the Mexican army defeated the French forces, and the city honored the president by renaming the city Ciudad Juarez. El Paso, Texas Many visitors to Juarez also visit El Paso, Texas. You can experience walking tours of downtown to get a taste of history that spans 400 years. Other attractions include shopping, outdoor concerts at the Chamizal National Memorial, and museums of many kinds, the zoo, and nature hikes through four Texas State Parks. You can be a part of El Paso’s music and dance festivals, sports events, arts and culture. The link below will provide you with more information about interesting events and activities to entertain you in El Paso. http://www.ci.el-paso.tx.us/visitors.asp Careers


"What professional golfer was known as ""The Great White Shark""?"

Greg Norman - Biography Biography Verizon Biography Arguably the most successful athlete-turned-businessman in the world, Greg Norman is known as much for his entrepreneurial spirit in the boardroom as his dominance on the golf course. The internationally recognized “Great White Shark” won more than 90 tournaments worldwide, including two British Open Championships, and claims the distinction of having held the No. 1 position in the world rankings for 331 consecutive weeks. As one of the most prolific players in the game’s history, the culmination of an astounding career came in 2001 when he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame. In 2009 and 2011, Greg served as the Presidents Cup Captain of the International Team and his strong influence in the game continues today. Legendary for his tenacity and pursuit of perfection, Greg Norman has approached business with the same vigor with which he attacked the golf course and has parlayed his success into a multi-national corporation, the Greg Norman Company, which he currently serves as Chairman & CEO. With numerous different businesses today, the Greg Norman Company is a mini-conglomerate with a diverse portfolio of well-established and successful companies ranging from lifestyle-driven consumer products (apparel, wine), to golf course design (95 international courses), to asset-based debt lending (Great White Shark Opportunity Fund). Additionally, his philanthropic efforts have quietly raised more than 12 million dollars for charities including CureSearch for Children's Cancer and the Environmental Institute for Golf promoting sustainability and environmental responsibility. While his well-documented accomplishments on the golf course have assured his place in sporting history, his sound business acumen has established him as world-class entrepreneur.


The metropolitan area of Ottawa is in Quebec and which other Canadian province?

Ontario | history - geography - province, Canada | Britannica.com province, Canada Kathleen O’Day Wynne (Liberal Party) Date of admission "Ut incepit fidelis sic permanet (Loyal it began, loyal it remains)" Provincial flower Central (GMT − 6 hours) Eastern (GMT − 5 hours) Ontario, second largest province of Canada in area, after Quebec . It occupies the strip of the Canadian mainland lying between Hudson and James bays to the north and the St. Lawrence River – Great Lakes chain to the south. It is bordered to the east by the province of Quebec, to the south by the United States , and to the west by the province of Manitoba . The most populous Canadian province, Ontario is home to more than one-third of Canada’s total population. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Rideau Canal and Parliament Buildings, Ottawa. © Creatas/JupiterImages Ontario is also the nation’s wealthiest province, having a substantial share of the country’s natural resources and its most mature and diversified industrial economy. It is at once Canada’s economic pacemaker and a major force in national politics. To Canadians living outside its boundaries, its preeminent position and the influence of Toronto , the provincial capital, and Ottawa , the national capital, have constituted a not-infrequent source of regional resentment. Area 415,599 square miles (1,076,395 square km). Pop. (2011) 12,851,821. Land Relief Ontario is composed of two regions of widely different character, Northern and Southern Ontario. Northern Ontario, as usually defined, lies north of a line drawn from the confluence of the Mattawa and Ottawa rivers (at the Quebec border, east of Lake Nipissing ) southwest to the mouth of the French River, on Georgian Bay . Most of the region, which covers approximately 350,000 square miles (900,000 square km), is a part of the ancient Canadian Shield , characteristically marked with a profusion of lakes and rivers, muskeg (bogs), and densely forested rocky and rugged terrain. A low plateau, it is generally no more than 1,500 feet (460 metres) above sea level, although it contains the highest point in the province, Ishpatina Ridge, which rises to 2,274 feet (693 metres) near Lake Temagami. The region’s rich mineral deposits, its huge forest reserves, and the hydroelectric power potential of its swift rivers have made it a major source of the province’s contemporary wealth. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Pinterest Animal life includes such large mammals as moose, woodland caribou, black bears, polar bears, deer, and wolves, as well as numerous small mammals, including porcupines, skunks, muskrats, rabbits, beavers, otters, and foxes. Among the birds are ducks, geese, grouse, hawks, owls, and finches. Environmental concerns In both regions of the province, industrialization and urbanization have created problems of pollution, the most acute of which are the polluted waters of the lower Great Lakes and the polluted air of Southern Ontario, particularly in the greater Toronto area. Air and water pollution associated with the mining and pulp and paper industries of the north also has emerged. Increasing concern has been expressed about the presence of mercury in some northern lakes and rivers, as well as about the effects of intensive livestock farming on the groundwater of southwestern Ontario and on the lower Great Lakes. Moreover, the waters of the resort region are endangered because of the high concentration of cottagers. People Population composition Until the end of the War of 1812 , Ontario was populated chiefly by aboriginal peoples and by immigrants from the United States. Among the latter were people of several different ethnic origins who had fled the American Revolution (known in Canada as United Empire Loyalists), along with Quakers and Mennonites from Pennsylvania . For the remainder of the 19th century, the majority of the immigrants were Protestants from Ireland and Great Britain, although both Irish and Scottish Catholics arrived in large numbers. The first wave of British immigration, between 1815 and 18


What is it called when a surfer falls off the surfboard while riding a wave?

Surfing Terms & Definitions | Surf Lingo At Surf Science Z A-frame A description for a wave that is peak-shaped. This highest point of the crest is in the middle with left and right shoulders resembling the shape of a triangle or the letter "A". Accelerate To gain speed off a bottom turn or trimming on the face of the wave. Accessory Man A surfer who has every surf gear imaginable and uses it all the time. Acetone Chemical solvent used to clean polyester resin from tools. This chemical is toxic and flammable. Aching How a surfer feels after an intense session or from being pummeled. Acid Drop When a surfer takes off on a wave and the bottom of the wave hollows and falls out. This leaves the surfer free falling down the face of the wave. Aerial A surfing maneuver in which a surfer launches into the air off the top of the wave getting air born. A number of tricks and moves can be done in the air such as grabbing the rail of the surfboard or rotating 180 degrees. Aerial Barrel Roll An aerial maneuver with a 360-degree twist added in the air. Aerial with Re-entry An aerial maneuver with a landing on the same wave. Aggro A feeling of annoyance of frustration or a reference to someone who is annoyed, frustrated or angry. This is usually caused from a breach in surfing etiquette. It can also be caused from a lack of surfing and moodiness. Ahu A place close to shore where a broken wave peaks and breaks again. Air Freak A surfer who is awesome at aerial maneuvers Air to Fakie When a surfer catches air and lands with the tail of the board pointing down and sliding backwards before spinning 180 to finish off. Airbrush An art tool that sprays paint using an air compressor. Often, an airbrush is used to decorate surfboards. Alaia A flat wooden surfboard made of wood with no fins or rocker. Originated in Hawaii with the birth of surfing. Aloha Hawaiian word used for greeting, good byes, affection, love, peace, compassion and mercy. Amped Feeling stoked or charged up. Amplitude The vertical distance from still water level to wave peak. This is usually half the height of the wave. Ancillary Stoke Condition of onlookers when watching a surfer pull off a radical maneuver. Angle off Descending on the face of the wave towards the left of the right. Also called Angling. Angling Refers to a surfer paddling or taking off on a wave at an angle in order to ride across the face of a wave rather than riding it straight towards the beach. This is often used to prevent the surfboard from pearling and/or to make the section of the wave. Also called angle off or angled. Ankle Slop Small waves that are too small to surf. Ankle Straps Leash used to secure the surfboard to a surfer's ankle. Artificial Reef A man made structure submerged underwater for one or more of the following reasons. Creating quality surf. Aid in the development of an ocean ecology for marine life. Preventing beach erosion by lessening the impact of swells pushing sand away from shore. ASP Association of Surfing Professionals. This is the governing organization of professional surfing. ASP link Asymmetrical Zippers Common in new wetsuit zippers. Designed with staggered teeth to keep less water from penetrating the wetsuit. Atoll A coral island consisting of a belt of coral reef. Partly submerged surrounding a central lagoon or depression. Average Wave Period (AVP) The average time between successive wave crest observed during a given time period given in seconds. Axe/axed A heavy wipeout caused by a big impact of the wave on a surfer. This is also called drilled or pummeled. Backdoor The right hand wave produced by the Pipeline. The phrase "backdoor" is also used to describe taking off deep on a wave and shooting through the barrel and out the other side. Backside Surfing with your back facing the wave. A goofy footer going right and a regular footer going left. Backwash This occurs when a wave traveling toward the beach meets the water rushing back out to sea after going up a steep slope on the beach. Balsa This surf industry used this light wood to manufacture


Who defeated the British army in 1879 at the Battle of Isandlwana?

Battle of Isandlwana | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Ulundi The Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879 was the first major encounter in the Anglo–Zulu War between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Eleven days after the British commenced their invasion of Zululand in South Africa, a Zulu force of some 20,000 warriors attacked a portion of the British main column consisting of about 1,800 British, colonial and native troops and perhaps 400 civilians. [12] The Zulus were equipped mainly with the traditional assegai iron spears and cow-hide shields, [13] but also had a number of muskets and old rifles [14] though they were not formally trained in their use. [15] The British and colonial troops were armed with the state-of-the-art [16] Martini-Henry breech-loading rifle and two 7 pounder artillery pieces as well as a rocket battery. Despite a vast disadvantage in weapons technology, [17] the numerically superior Zulus ultimately overwhelmed the poorly led and badly deployed [18] British, killing over 1,300 troops, including all those out on the forward firing line. The Zulu army suffered around a thousand killed. [19] The battle was a decisive victory for the Zulus and caused the defeat of the first British invasion of Zululand. [20] The British Army had suffered its worst defeat against a technologically inferior indigenous force. [21] Isandlwana resulted in the British taking a much more aggressive approach in the Anglo–Zulu War, leading to a heavily reinforced second invasion [22] and the destruction of King Cetshwayo 's hopes of a negotiated peace. [23] Contents Main article: Anglo-Zulu War Following the imperialist scheme by which Lord Carnarvon had brought about federation in Canada, it was thought that a similar plan might succeed in South Africa. In 1874, Sir Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as high commissioner to instigate the scheme. One of the obstacles to such a plan was the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand. [24] Sir Bartle Frere, High Commissioner of southern Africa for the British Empire , on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government [25] [26] and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. [27] Cetshwayo did not comply and Bartle Frere sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand. [28] Prelude Lord Chelmsford Lord Chelmsford , the Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the war, initially planned a five-pronged invasion of Zululand composed of over 15,000 troops in five columns and designed to encircle the Zulu army and force it to fight as he was concerned that the Zulus would avoid battle. Lord Chelmsford settled on three invading columns with the main centre column, now consisting of some 7,800 men comprising the previously called No. 3 Column and Durnford's No.2 Column, [29] under his direct command. He moved his troops from Pietermaritzburg to a forward camp at Helpmekaar, past Greytown . On 9 January 1879 they moved to Rorke's Drift , and early on 11 January commenced crossing the Buffalo River into Zululand. [6] The backbone of the British force under Lord Chelmsford consisted of twelve regular infantry companies : six each of the 1st and 2nd battalions , 24th Regiment of Foot (2nd Warwickshire Regiment), which were hardened and reliable troops. [30] In addition, there were approximately 2,500 local African auxiliaries of the Natal Native Contingent many of which were exiled or refugee Zulu. They were led by European officers but considered generally of poor quality by the British as they were prohibited from using their traditional fighting technique and inadequately trained in the European method as well as being indifferently armed. Also, there were some irregular colonial cavalry units, and a detachment of artillery consisting of six field guns and several Congreve rockets . [31] Adding on wagon drivers, camp followers and servants, there were more than 4,000 men i


"What name was used for two forests in J. R. R. Tolkien's ""Hobbit""/ ""Lord of the Rings"" saga, the first under Morgoth's control, and the second under the influence of Sauron?"

Middle-earth | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia A map of the Western part of Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age A map of Middle-earth from the films A map of Middle-earth Middle-earth, or Endor in Quenya (Ennor in Sindarin ) - and in The Book of Lost Tales known as the Great Lands - is the name used for the habitable parts of Arda after the final ruin of Beleriand , and is east across the Belegaer from Aman . It is north of the Hither Lands , shown in the Ambarkanta , and west of the East Sea; and throughout the First and Second Ages it went through many colossal geographical changes, caused by Iluvatar . Contents Edit The term "Middle-earth" was not invented by Tolkien. Rather, it comes from Middle English middel-erde, itself a folk-etymology for the Old English word middangeard (geard not meaning Earth, but rather enclosure or place, thus yard, with the Old Norse word miðgarðr being cognate). It is Germanic for what the Greeks called the οικουμένη (oikoumenē) or "the abiding place of men", the physical world as opposed to the unseen worlds ( The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien , 151). The word Mediterranean comes from two Latin stems, medi- , amidst, and terra, (earth/land), meaning "the sea placed at the middle of the Earth / amidst the lands". Middangeard occurs six times in Beowulf , which Tolkien translated and on which he was arguably the world's foremost authority. (See also J. R. R. Tolkien for discussion of his inspirations and sources). See Midgard and Norse mythology for the older use. Tolkien made middle earth based on the world today (Geography). Tolkien was also inspired by this fragment: Eala earendel engla beorhtast / ofer middangeard monnum sended. Hail Earendel, brightest of angels / above the middle-earth sent unto men. in the Crist poem of Cynewulf . The name earendel (which may mean the 'morning-star' but in some contexts was a name for Christ ) was the inspiration for Tolkien's mariner Eärendil . The name was consciously used by Tolkien to place The Hobbit , The Lord of the Rings , The Silmarillion , and related writings. Tolkien began to use the term "Middle-earth" in the early 1930s in place of the earlier terms "Great Lands", "Outer Lands", and "Hither Lands" to describe the same region in his stories. "Middle-earth" is specifically intended to describe the lands east of the Great Sea ( Belegaer ), thus excluding Aman , but including Harad and other mortal lands not visited in Tolkien's stories. Many people apply the name to the entirety of Tolkien's world or exclusively to the lands described in The Hobbit , The Lord of the Rings , and The Silmarillion . In ancient Germanic and mythology, the universe was believed to consist of multiple interconnected physical worlds (in Nordic mythology 9, in West Germanic and English mythology, 8). The world of Men, the Middle-earth, lay in the centre of this universe. The lands of Elves, Gods, and Giants lay across an encircling sea. The land of the Dead lay beneath the Middle-earth. A rainbow bridge, Bifrost Bridge , extended from Middle-earth to Asgard across the sea. An outer sea encircled the seven other worlds ( Vanaheim , Asgard , Alfheim , SvartAlfheim , Muspellheim , Nidavellir , and Jotunheim ). In this conception, a "world" was more equivalent to a racial homeland than a physically separate world. The world Main article: Arda An expanded universe map of Middle-earth A speculative map of Arda before the end of the First Age, courtesy of the Encyclopedia of Arda . Tolkien stated that the geography of Middle-earth was intended to align with that of our real Earth in several particulars. ( Letters #294) Expanding upon this idea some suggest that if the map of Middle-earth is projected on our real Earth , and some of the most obvious climatological, botanical, and zoological similarities are aligned, the Hobbits ' Shire might lie in the temperate climate of England , Gondor might lie in the Mediterranean Italy and Greece , Mordor in Sicily, South Gondor and Near Harad in the deserts of Northern Africa , Rhovanion in the forests


What gas is used to make carbonated soft drinks and soda water?

Why Does Soda Fizz? Why Does Soda Fizz? February 13, 2013 04:15pm ET MORE Credit: George Frederick The fizz that bubbles up when you crack open a can of soda is carbon dioxide gas (CO2). Soft drink manufacturers add this tingling froth by forcing carbon dioxide and water into your soda at high pressures—up to 1,200 pounds per square inch. The "fssst" you hear is millions of carbon dioxide molecules bursting out of their sweet, watery prisons, where they have been held against their will. An unopened soda can is virtually bubble-free because the pressure inside the can keeps the carbon dioxide dissolved in the liquid. When you crack open the can, you release the pressure and allow the gas bubbles to wiggle free from the liquid and rise to the surface. This requires energy because in order for the gas to break free from the liquid it has to overcome the force holding the liquid together. One way to input energy is to shake the beverage. This adds the zing needed to unleash more tiny bubbles and add real splash to a celebration. Follow Life's Little Mysteries on Twitter @ llmysteries . We're also on Facebook & Google+ . Editor's Recommendations


In which TV programme is it usual for a house resident to be evicted every week?

Big Brother 6 | Big Brother UK Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Housemates had to paint portraits of each other, to hang in the living area. Day 4 Housemates had to each perform a rap about each other. Birthday Party for Mary Week 2 Day 9 Housemates had to participate in a counting task where each housemate had to count as high as they could while being interrupted by Big Brother. Becoming Big Brother for a Week Saskia Day 12 – Day 14 Housemates had to participate in the "Big Brother Hospital Task." Roberto was randomly chosen to become the head doctor and chose Saskia, Science, and Vanessa as his nurses. Every other housemate was diagnosed with a problem and had to follow the rules of their injuries. Luxury Shopping Budget Week 3 Day 16 – Day 17 the housemates participated in the Box Task. Each housemate had to sit in a cardboard box for as long as they could. Luxury Meals Roberto Day 18 – Day 20 For the shopping task, housemates had to participate in a "Pirate Task". All housemates besides the captain had to do various tasks involving being a pirate and were only allowed two fails per day. Science was randomly chosen as the captain. Luxury Shopping Budget Failed Day 20 Big Brother held a speed dating task. The housemates were each paired with three other housemates and they had to go on 2 minute dates with each of them. Day 22 Science requested toilet paper. Big Brother gave him a secret task. He was told that for every housemate that he slapped on the bottom, he would receive one roll of toilet paper. Toilet Paper 7 Rolls of Toilet Paper Week 4 Day 23 The housemates participated in the "Chicken and Egg Task." Each housemate had to dress in a chicken suit and was required to keep one hand on an egg at all times. Party Vanessa Day 24 – Day 27 Big Brother set the housemates the "Room 101" task. Maxwell selected himself to be worker number one, automatically making him the unlucky worker. Maxwell was assigned to disgusting tasks such as sorting maggots. The true task was for the other housemates to convince Maxwell that they were all doing the same tasks that he was performing whilst in reality living in luxury. Luxury Shopping Budget Passed Day 27 Derek requested cigars and was given a secret mission to receive them. For every housemate that kissed him, he would receive one cigar. Cigars Week 5 Day 30 – Day 32 Less than 24 hours after Kinga, Eugene and Orlaith had entered the Secret Garden, a red button appeared in the main House. Makosi pressed the button and was immediately called to the Diary Room. She entered the Secret Garden, met Kinga, Eugene and Orlaith, and was instructed to help them by stealing food and other supplies from the main House. Immunity Passed Day 34 – Day 35 The housemates had to put on "Romeo and Juliet: The Ballet." Anthony played the role of Romeo and Orlaith played the role of Juliet. Luxury Shopping Budget Week 6 Day 37 The housemates were given a crying task. The housemates had to fill up one teaspoon with tears. Luxury Meal Passed Day 38 – Day 40 Big Brother sent the housemates on "holiday" as part of their shopping task. Vanessa was randomly chosen to become the main "Holiday Rep." She chose Makosi and Orlaith to be her assistants. The Holiday Reps had to do everything in their power to make the other housemates have an enjoyable holiday. The reps had to cook all food for the housemates, start conga lines at random times of the day, organize beauty contests, and clean the House. Luxury Shopping Budget Failed Day 40 Eugene was on a secret mission to mimic the first person that asked him a question. As Makosi was the first one to ask him a question, he had to mimic her. Reward Failed Day 41 The housemates were given a "Mass Debating" task. Maxwell and Science had to choose teams and the teams had to write speeches about why their chosen housemate should stay in the House. Maxwell chose Anthony, Derek, Kemal, and Orlaith for his team. Science chose Craig, Eugene, Makosi, and Vanessa for his team. Party Week 7 Day 44 Kemal was chosen to compete in a quiz where he would have to answer various gene


The Safari Rally, a round of the World Rally Championship from 1973 to 2002 held in Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika, was first run as a commemorative event, in what year?

Rally History (part III) [Archive] - Page 8 - Motorsport Forums Americo,I have difference with your results-1978.My result:16/Alpin - 7 - 10 th 7. #??? Robert Lassauge (FRA)/Mme Lassauge (FRA) - Simca Rallye 3 8. (not 9.) #??? Christian Dorche (FRA)/Robert Nal (FRA) - Opel Kadett GT/E //// 9. R.(help my for name) Koven (FRA)/''Poosi''-(help my for real name) (FRA) - Ford Escort RS2000 //// 10. Michelle Laborie (FRA) / Francois Dufos (FRA) - Simca Rallye 3 and 21/Hesen - 9 th 9. #??? Gisbert ( my Karl-Heinz ) Frï¿½hlich (DEU)/Rainer Wï¿½llner (DEU) - Ford Escort RS2000 . Regarding Alpin you're right... Maybe because 8th is #90 and 9th is #80 ??? anyway correct ois... 8. #90 Christian Dorche (FRA)/Robert Nal (FRA) - Opel Kadett GT/E - 5H16:10.3 9. #80 R. Cauvin (FRA)/ï¿½Poussyï¿½ (FRA) - Ford Escort RS - 5H26:01.3 About Hessen I'm digging (thin I fund this in some german site/forum)... Best regards... Hi Steve... From my usual source, "25 Years of the Manx Rally" by Doug Baird & Gordon Kniveton Unfortunately I can't help with 1988. The last year in the book is 1987, the 25th running of the rally. I haven't got 1989 or 1990 either but I have the official results for 1991 to 2010 if anyone needs anything from those years. Here what I have for Manx 88... 1988 - 26ï¿½ Tudor Webasto Manx International Rally 1. #2 Patrick Snijers (BEL)/Dany Colebunders (BEL) - BMW M3 - 3H30:38 2. #1 Jimmy McRae (GBR)/Rob Arthur (GBR) - R.E.D. / Ford Sierra RS Cosworth - + 0:21 3. #??? Phil Collins (GBR)/Bryan Thomas (GBR) - Ford Sierra RS Cosworth - + 6:36 4. #3 Fabrizio Tabaton (ITA)/Luciano Tedeschini (ITA) - H.F. Grifone / Lancia Delta Integrale - + 7:46 5. #6 Malcolm Wilson (GBR)/Ian Grindrod (GBR) - GM Dealersport / Vauxhall Astra GT/E - + 8:55 6. #7 Pentti Airikkala (FIN)/Ronan McNamee (GBR) - Mitsubishi Starion Turbo - + 9:51 7. #??? Louise Aitken-Walker (GBR)/Ellen Morgan (GBR) - Peugeot Talbot Sport / Peugeot 205 Gti - + 13:18 8. #??? Chris Birkbeck (GBR)/Trevor Godden (GBR) - GM Dealersport / Vauxhall Astra GT/E - + 14:58 9. #??? Simon Davison (GBR)/Steve Bond (GBR) - Volkswagen Golf GTi 16v - + 15:47 10. #??? Ian Tilke (GBR)/??? Wray (GBR) - Ford Sierra RS Cosworth - + 17:02 If you want 89 and 90 I have those too.. Since I have (all most) all of top 10 ERC, now I'm trying to retrieve all the other results for rallys that have at least 1 ERC event... Huge work... so for sure i'll need Manx 63->75 and 97->now... When I'll reach "Great Britain" (I'm now at France...) I'll be back to you... Thanks in advance! Best Regards I don't think that Kostas Tanoussis was driving this period. We was a kid :-) The drives is most likely his father, Zois Tanoussis. Thanks Harris... But you know, some great champions started very early... ;) BTW do you have birth dates for those drivers??? Best regards stanislav197 16th November 2011, 12:11 Thanks,Americo.Help me for results - ERC - 1979 :1/Janer - 8 and 10 th ;5/Costa Brava - 8-9 th ;8/Targa Florio - 10 th ;10/Costa Smeralda - 8 th ;14/Firestone - 7-9 th ;15/ARBO - 7-10 th ;17/Lucien Bianchi - 5,6,8 th ;18/Alpin - 10 th ;20/4 Regioni - 9-10 th ;21/Lorainne - 6-10 th ;24/Hesen - 8,10 th ;26/Donegal - 8,10 th ;27/Ourense - 7-10 th ;28/Del Ciocco - 9 th ;29/Ypres - 7 th ;30/Skoda - 10 th ;33/Danube - 9 th ;34/Taurus - 5-7 th ;36/Halkidikis - 8-9 th ;39/Tour de France - 9 th ;40/Du Vins - 2-6 th and 8-10 th ;41/Cyprus - 10 th ;43/OASC - 5 and 9 th ;44/De la Chï¿½taigne - 3,8 th ;45/RACE - 6 th . harriswrc But you know, some great champions started very early... ;) BTW do you have birth dates for those drivers??? Best regards Amï¿½rico.Unfortunately I have not birth dates for these drivers. But I will look for them ;-) D-Type On another forum someone is asking: "Does anybody have an entry list for the 1964 Circuit of Ireland?" and (curiously) "Does anybody know who drove the Aston Martin DB4 course car?" If you can help please PM me - or post the info here. The Clerk of the Course driving the DB4 was Robin McKinney. I'm surprised nobody has an entry list? Steve Boyd 17th November 2011, 17:27 Steve,Help me


Which war pitted anarchists, socialists, and Communists supported by the Soviets and international volunteers, against conservatives, monarchists, nationalists and fascists, with the support of Portugal, Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany?

Spanish Civil War - OLPC Digital Library Spanish Civil War A Republican soldier seeks cover on the Plaza de Toros in Teruel. Date July 17, 1936 - April 1, 1939 Location Spain , Spanish Morocco, Spanish Sahara, Mediterranean Sea Result Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Casualties Civilians killed/wounded = hundreds of thousands Spanish Civil War Alcázar – Gijón – Mérida – Mallorca – Badajoz – Sierra Guadalupe – Monte Pelato – Talavera – Cape Espartel – Madrid – Corunna Road – Málaga – Jarama – Guadalajara – Guernica – Brunete – Santander – Belchite – El Mazuco – Cape Cherchell – Teruel – Cape Palos – Ebro Chronology: 1936 1937 1938-9 The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17, 1936 to April 1, 1939, was a conflict in which the Francoists or Nationalists, led by General Francisco Franco, defeated the Republicans or Loyalists of the Second Spanish Republic. Contents 20 Related literature The combatants The Republicans received weapons and volunteers from the Soviet Union, Mexico , the international Communist movement, and the International Brigades, while the Francoists received weapons and soldiers from Italy and Germany and logistical support from Portugal. The Republicans ranged from centrists who supported a moderately capitalist liberal democracy to revolutionary anarchists and socialists ; their power base was primarily secular and urban (though it also included landless peasants) and was particularly strong in industrial regions like Asturias and Catalonia. The conservative, strongly Catholic Basque Country also sided with the Republic, despite its religious affiliation, largely because it, along with Catalonia and Galicia, sought autonomy or even independence from the central government of Madrid, an option left open by the Republican government (Galicia, however, did not side with the Republicans). The Nationalists on the contrary opposed these separatist movements. The Francoists (Nationalists) had a generally wealthier, more conservative base of support that was cobbled together from different Catholic, monarchist, rural landed and fascist interests, and they favoured the centralization of state power. Most Roman Catholic clergy supported the Nationalists. Some of both sides' atrocities of the war - including the use of terror tactics against civilians - foreshadowed World War II , as did some of the military tactics, although both the Nationalists and the Republicans relied overwhelmingly on infantry rather than modern tanks and aircraft. While the war lasted only about three years, the political situation had already been violent for several years before. The number of casualties is disputed; estimates generally suggest that between 500,000 and 1 million people were killed. Many of these deaths resulted from mass killings perpetrated on both sides. The war started with military uprisings throughout Spain and its colonies. Republican sympathizers, soldiers and volunteers, formally acting independently of the state massacred Catholic clergy and burned down churches, monasteries and convents and other symbols of the Spanish Catholic Church, Republicans (especially the anarchists and communists) viewed as an oppressive institution supportive of the old order. The Republicans also attacked nobility, former landowners, rich farmers and industrialists. During and after the war, the Nationalists carried out a program of killing opponents: unwanted individuals, including non-combattants, were often jailed or, in many cases, killed by a firing squad. Trade-unionists, known Republican sympathisers and critics of Franco's regime were among the first to be targeted. The Nationalists also carried out aerial bombardment of civilian areas with decisive assistance from the German and Italian air forces. On both sides, brutality was common. The impact of the war was massive: The Spanish economy took decades to recover. The political and emotional repercussions of the war reverberated far beyond the boundaries of Spain and sparked passion among international intellectual and political communities, passions that still are present


Which country occupies the islands called Palawan, Mindoro, Marinduque, Masbate, Batanes, Bohol, Leyte and Samar?

Our Country PHILIPPINES Filipino Chat Room Society Our Country PHILIPPINES Developed into the richest cocktail of cultural minorities in the world, nearly all developing separately and with differing              speed and success. PILIPINAS PERLAS NG SILANGANAN (Pearl Of The Orient Seas)... Mabuhay & Welcome! Discover the beauty of our islands. Let this be your initial              guide, the beginning of your journey into our world. PHILIPPINES FACTS - HISTORY - PEOPLE - LANGUAGE - EDUCATION - ARTS & CULTURE - CLIMATE - FILIPINO CHARACTERS Facts: The Philippines consists of 7,107 islands, of which only 2,000 are inhabited. Only about 500 of the islands                       are larger than a square kilometer and 2,500 of them are not even named. The total area of the Philippines is 299,404 square                       kilometers. The highest mountain is Mt. Apo, near Davao in Mindanao, at 2,953 metres. The islands of the Philippines                       can be conveniently divided into three groups. First, there is Luzon, the largest and northernmost island and the site of                       the capital, Manila. The nearby islands of Mindoro and Marinduque are generally included with Luzon. At the other end of the                       archipelago is the second largest island, Mindanao. Third, there is the tightly-packed island group known as the Visayas.                       There are seven major islands in this group - Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar and Masbate. Cebu is the central                       island of the group and Cebu City is a major tourist destination. There are over 30 volcanoes in the Philippines,                       10 of which are classified as being active. The longest rivers are the Cagayan River, the Rio Grande de Pampanga and the Agno                       in Luzon; the Rio Grande de Mindanao and the Agusan River in Mindanao. History: The Philippines was                       one of the earlier landfalls of the Western Voyagers. The Spaniard Ferdinand Magellan sighted Homonhon Island in the Western Visayas less than a generation after Vasco da Gama's breakthrough to southwestern India in 1498. From the time the conquistadores                       set up their capital in what is now Manila in 1571, the western presence in the archipelago was constant and pervasive. After ruling for over three centuries, the Spaniards were displaced by the Americans in 1898, who themselves stayed for                       48 years. This protracted colonial experience imprinted itself deeply on Filipino religion, language and mass culture. The experts now concede that the state of Philippine culture at the coming of the Spaniards was generally higher than                       had been believed. There is evidence of Chinese trade. Hindu influences have been traced in Agusan and Palawan,                       while Islam had been introduced into the southern islands almost 200 years before Miguel de Legazpi's arrival at Manila                       Bay. People: Today, there are about 79.3 million Filipinos; approximately 8 million of whom live in                       Metro Manila. Filipinos are basically of Malay stock with Chinese and Spanish ancestries. Although an ever growing number                       of Filipinos are becoming urbanized, a great majority of Filipinos still till the land and live off it comfortably. Known                       for their hospitality, Filipinos are a warm and friendly people. Visitors are welcomed like members of the family and it is                       no surprise to find house guests being offere


What metal marks a 10th wedding anniversary?

Guide to Anniversary Metals & Gifts | Jewelry Wise Guide to Anniversary Metals & Gifts Guide to Anniversary Metals & Gifts Metal jewelry makes a great gift to celebrate the passing years. Discover which metals are correct for which anniversaries and get ideas for specific anniversary gifts. In medieval Germany, where the tradition of giving anniversary gifts seems to have started, if a couple made it to 25 years of marriage, the wife was given a silver garland to mark the occasion. In the unlikely event they made it to 50 years (most people didn’t even live to 50 back then, much less stay married that long), she’d get a gold garland. What kind of metal jewelry is appropriate for each year? Traditional lists are pretty consistent, but you have to stay married a good number of years to give (or get) the heavy metal. As we move into the modern age, you can find both traditional and modern wedding anniversary gift lists all over the web. What kind of metal jewelry is appropriate for each year? Traditional lists are pretty consistent, but you have to stay married a good number of years to give (or get) the heavy metal. Traditional gift list metals includes: 6th anniversary: Iron 25th anniversary: Silver 50th anniversary: Gold The multitude of modern lists can go off the rails, so beware (anyone can create a “modern list” on the internet). But many modern wedding anniversary gift lists include these metals in addition to the traditional gift list recommendations: 16th anniversary: Silver 20th anniversary: Platinum 6th anniversary: iron Iron represents what all marriages need — strength. Interestingly, from a historical perspective, iron objects of great age are more rare than objects made of gold or silver because of how easily iron corrodes. Iron has been used since ancient times and is a precursor to steel. Iron is a common presence on earth, but iron can make a beautiful metal jewelry gift when you give it some thought. You just have to watch out for the potential for rust with iron jewelry. 7th anniversary: copper Copper has traditionally represented prosperity, good luck and good fortune. It’s been used for at least 10,000 years, and estimates place its discovery in the Middle East at 9000 B.C. The reddish orange color of copper corrodes to give it a patina. Unfortunately, that can transfer to your body and clothing when you wear it. However, it is commonly used in jewelry, and folklore says copper bracelets relieve arthritis symptoms. It’s possible you might be feeling the arthritis at the 7-year mark. However, a less “pointed” memento of the ongoing years between you might be something like a copper cuff. Copper is alloyed with gold to create rose gold, which looks great mixed in jewelry with other colors of gold, and creates a warm setting for diamonds or gemstones. 8th anniversary: bronze Bronze is actually an alloy of copper and tin, so maybe that’s the reason it’s wedged between copper and tin on the anniversary list. Bronze is used for casting in molds, and an interesting thing about that is the metal expands slightly just before setting in the cast, so bronze can show really sharp detail. 10th anniversary: tin Tin is the metal for the 10-year anniversary because it represents flexibility and durability. Because tin is used to protect other metals from rusting or tarnishing, it also represents protection. 11th anniversary: steel So, you make it through 10 years and you’ve given a tin gift that represents durability and flexibility. Oddly, now that you’ve made it to 11 years, your marriage needs the strength of tough steel. Stainless steel can be found in all sorts of jewelry — it’s much easier to find than tin — so your options are wide open. Your 11th anniversary seems like the ideal time to give him a steel gift — it’s such a “macho” material! A stainless steel bracelet is a great gift, or a watch made of stainless steel works. Of course, gentlemen, women’s watches are available in stainless works, too. FYI: Stainless steel is hypoallergenic, so if one of you has an allergy to metals, you’ll be safe with steel. 2


Claris Cliff is a famous designer of what items?

The Original Clarice Cliff Website - History, Museum, Events, Forum Go to Features > Clarice Cliff is, today, regarded as one of the most influential ceramics artists of the 20th Century and her work is collected, valued and admired the world over. She was born on January 20th 1899 in Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent and started work at the age of 13 in 'The Potteries'. Clarice moved to the AJ Wilkinson's pottery factory in 1916. She was ambitious and her skills were recognised so that eventually she was given her own studio. It was here that she starting creating her own patterns and the famous 'Bizarre' wares were launched in 1927. In 1928 Clarice created a pattern of Crocus flowers made from individual brushstrokes, completely hand-painted in bright colours. Orders came in thick and fast and in 1930 a separate decorating department was set up to meet demand. The vast majority of Clarice's 'Art Deco' output was between 1927 and 1936. These years are commonly known, by collectors, as The 'Bizarre' years. After 'Bizarre' Clarice continued to produce many wares in her own unique style and to suit the current tastes of the nation and the various worldwide export markets. Join ClariceCliff.com - read about our membership packages here >


What is a lizardfish native to the waters between Mumbai and Kutch in the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the China Sea?

Mumbai Hotels, Hotels in Mumbai, Places to stay when travelling Mumbai, Hotel Mumbai India, Mumbai Accommodation, Accommodation for Visitors in Mumbai Bombay duck Bombay duck The Bombay duck or bummalo  is, despite its name, not a duck but a lizardfish. It is native to the waters between Mumbai (formerly Bombay) and Kutch in the Arabian Sea, and a small number are also found in the Bay of Bengal. Great numbers are also caught in the China Sea. The fish is often dried and salted before it is consumed. After drying, the odour of the fish is extremely powerful, and it is usually transported in air-tight containers. Etymology The origin of the term "Bombay duck" is uncertain. The shoals of fish on the Eurasian continent were separated when the Indian plate moved into it, dividing the species along the coasts of Eastern and Western India. When the rail links started on the Indian sub-continent, people from the eastern Bengal were made aware of the large availability of the locally prised fish, on India's western coasts and began importing them via the railways. Since the smell of the dried fish was overpowering, its transportation was later consigned to the 'Mail' Train. The mail train __ the Bombay Mail or the Bombay Dak __ thus reeked of the fish smell and 'You smell like the Bombay Duck', was a common term in use in the days of the British Raj. In Bombay, the local english speakers then called it so, but it was eventually corrupted into "Bombay duck". Although the likelihood of this origin is questionable, it does have the authority of a BBC Radio 4 interview[who?] in August 2006. According to local Bangladeshi stories,[citation needed] the term Bombay duck was first coined by Robert Clive, after he tasted a piece during his conquest of Bengal. It is said that he associated the pungent smell with that of the newspapers and mail which would come in to the cantonments from Bombay. The term was later popularised amongst the British public by its appearance in Indian restaurants across the country. European Union restrictions on imports In 1997, Bombay Duck was banned by the European Commission (EC) of the European Union. The EC admitted that it had no "sanitary" evidence against the product and the UK Public Health Laboratory Service confirmed that there are no recorded cases of food poisoning, or bacterial contamination, associated with Bombay Duck. It was banned because the EC only allows fish imports from India from approved freezing and canning factories. Bombay Duck is not produced in factories. According to "The Save Bombay Duck campaign", the Indian High Commission approached the European Commission about the ban. The EC adjusted the regulations so that the fish can still be dried in the open air but has to be packed in an "EC approved" packing station. Now a Birmingham wholesale merchant has found a packing source in Mumbai/Bombay and the product is again available. The BBC notes that consumption in the United Kingdom prior to the ban was over 13 tonnes per year. Bombay Duck is available fresh in Canada in cities with large Indian populations, such as Toronto and Montreal and is generally known as bumla. Although mainly popular with Indians from southern Gujarat, coastal Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka, it is increasingly consumed by the other South Asian populations.


What organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1917, 1944 and 1963?

All Nobel Peace Prizes More options All Nobel Peace Prizes The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded 97 times to 130 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2016, 104 individuals and 26 organizations. Since the International Committee of the Red Cross has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize three times (in 1917, 1944 and 1963), and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize two times (in 1954 and 1981), there are 23 individual organizations which have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Click on the links to get more information.


With which sport is Don Bradman associated?

Sir Donald Bradman, 92, Cricket Legend, Dies - The New York Times The New York Times Sports |Sir Donald Bradman, 92, Cricket Legend, Dies Search Sir Donald Bradman, 92, Cricket Legend, Dies By JOHN SHAW Continue reading the main story Sir Donald Bradman, rated the greatest player in the history of cricket, died Sunday at age 92, sending his native Australia and the sport's followers around the world into mourning. He had not played for 50 years, but his fame endured among millions of fans who have seen him only in flickering film clips from black-and-white newsreels. Among them is the former South African President Nelson Mandela, whose first question to an Australian visitor on his release from 27 years of imprisonment in 1990 was, ''Is Sir Donald Bradman still alive?'' In a career from 1928 to 1948, playing against British Commonwealth national teams, Bradman's winning scores, and rare failures, interrupted news broadcasts in Australia, made banner headlines, delayed business and government meetings and set spectators and experts searching for words of praise worthy of his skills. So it was for his death, especially in other cricket strongholds like India, Sri Lanka, New Zealand and the Caribbean. The Australian Parliament suspended debate yesterday to hear eulogies. Arrangements for state memorial ceremonies began, and flags were lowered in hamlets and suburbs across the Australian continent. Call-in radio programs were flooded with anecdotes from admirers, including high school students who received some of the thousands of autographs Bradman mailed each year to well-wishers. Advertisement Continue reading the main story Australia idolized Bradman as a hero. In the 1930's, with the country in deep economic depression and still grieving for 60,000 killed in World War I, Bradman's achievements were a cause for national pride. On Monday, Prime Minister John Howard, a cricket lover who visited Sir Donald a few days before he died of pneumonia in Adelaide, South Australia, said: ''He had a great impact on Australian life, especially during the desperate years of the Depression. His prowess on the cricket field lifted the hopes and spirits of the people, who at times felt they had little else.'' Bradman, who at 5 feet 7 inches was a wiry man with powerful forearms and a dancer's light, swift footwork, was self-taught. He was a batting champion in high school at 12 and on the national team at 20, subsequently recording scores and averages in 52 international games not previously achieved in almost a century of world cricket or in the half-century since his last innings, in London in 1948. King George VI knighted him in 1949 for services to cricket. Mathematical analysis of Bradman's achievements against other major sports stars support his singularity: he dominated his sport by margins greater than those achieved by other champions. Among world cricketers, Bradman had a career average of 99.94 runs per innings, a level 30 runs higher than that of his nearest rival even today. Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. Sign Up Privacy Policy In a recent book, ''The Best of the Best,'' Charles Davis, a Melbourne sports statistician, rated stars from different sports by measuring champions who were so far ahead of their rivals that they were in a class of their own, then comparing these margins. By Mr. Davis's calculations, Bradman led the order of career-long achievement with a 4.4 rating, followed by soccer's Pelé (3.7), baseball's Ty Cobb (3.6), golf's Jack Nicklaus (3.5), basketball's Michael Jordan (3.4) and football's Joe Montana (3.1). Mr. Davis calculated that for Cobb to have matched Bradman in dominance, he would have required a career batting average of .392. Cobb's career average was .366. He says that to achieve the superiority level of Bradman, Nicklaus would have needed 25 major golf titles (he won 18), and Jordan would have needed to average 43 points a game (he averaged 32). Advertisement Continue reading the main


At the 1988 Olympics, the team from Great Britain defeated West Germany to win gold in which sport?

Field Hockey 101: Olympic history | NBC Olympics Field Hockey 101: Olympic history USA Today Sports Field Hockey 101: Olympic history 1458915000 Tumblr The history of field hockey at the Olympic Games.  London, 2012:   Men- Germany succeeded in defending its 2008 Olympic gold by beating the Netherlands 2-1 in the final thanks to two goals by Jan Philipp Rabente. Australia won the bronze by beating Great Britain 3-1.  Women- The Dutch women took home their second consecutive gold medal, beating Argentina 2-0. Great Britain beat New Zealand in the bronze medal match to make the podium on home soil. Beijing, 2008:   Men- Germany's Christopher Zeller scored the only goal in a 1-0 win over Spain in the final in Beijing. The Germans had last won gold in 1992. Spain added to the silver medals it won in 1980 and 1996.  Women- The Netherlands, the reigning world champions, carried the No. 1 ranking into the final. The Dutch lived up to its billing and defeated the hosts China 2-0 to win the gold.  Athens, 2004:   Men- Australia won its first-ever Olympic field hockey gold medal with a stunning 2-1 victory over defending champion Netherlands. The Aussies won in overtime through a Jamie Dwyer goal scored in the 78th minute. Women- The Netherlands entered the Games as heavy favorites to claim women's gold. They had 2003 FIH Player of the Year Mintje Donners on their squad. But Germany, which lost twice in pool play, scored twice in the opening 20 minutes of the final and held on for a 2-1 upset victory and its first gold medal.  Sydney, 2000:   Men- The Netherlands edged South Korea, 8-7, on penalty strokes to become the first team to win consecutive men's titles since 1956 (India). Women- The host Aussies topped Argentina, 3-1, to become the first women's field hockey team to defend an Olympic title. Atlanta, 1996:   Men- Dating back to 1968, the Netherlands never finished outside of the top six in the men's Olympic field hockey tournament. During that stretch, the Dutch placed fourth on three occasions and won bronze in 1988. Finally, in Atlanta, the nation cleared the semifinal hurdle, and defeated an upstart Spanish team, 3-1, in the final. Women- Favored Australia won the women's field hockey tournament, finishing with a 27-5 goal differential, capped by a 3-1 victory over South Korea in the final. Australia extended its international unbeaten streak to 39 matches. Barcelona, 1992:   Men- In the final, Germany defeated Australia to win its first Olympic gold in men's field hockey. Pakistan took home the bronze medal.  Women- Despite little tradition in the sport, host Spain won gold in women's field hockey, beating Germany 2-1 in overtime.  Seoul, 1988: Men- Great Britain defeated West Germany for the gold medal. It was Great Britain's first Olympic field hockey gold medal since 1920.  Women- Australia and South Korea met in the final of the women's tournament with Australia taking home the gold. It was the first Olympic field hockey medal for both nations.  Los Angeles, 1984:   Men- Pakistan beat West Germany in the final of the men's tournament. It was Pakistan's seventh Olympic medal in men's field hockey.  Women- In round-robin play at the 1984 Games, Australia defeated the U.S. 3-1. But the teams wound up tied for third behind the Netherlands (gold) and West Germany (silver) with identical 2-2-1 records and goal totals (9 scored, 7 allowed). Rules of the day required the teams to engage in a penalty stroke shoot-off, which the Americans won, 10-5, to claim bronze. Moscow, 1980:   Men- Against a field depleted by the American-led boycott, India won its eighth gold medal in men's field hockey, defeating Spain, 4-3, in the final. Spain was the only other country from the 1976 competition to participate in Moscow. Women- Five of the six teams originally expected to compete in the inaugural women's Olympic field hockey tournament boycotted the Moscow Games. As a result, Zimbabwe, a last-minute replacement subsidized by the Soviet Union and International Olympic Committee, emerged as the surprise winner. Czechoslovakia was secon


Who was shot by Valery Solanas on 3 June 1968?

warhol: Andy Warhol being lifted into an ambulance after he was shot by Valerie Solanas, June 3, 1968 gelatin silver print 8 1/8 x 10 in. (20.6 x 25.4 cm.) The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. Photo Jack Smith


According to the nursery rhyme, what followed Mary everywhere?

"Mary Had a Little Lamb" Poem : University of Dayton, Ohio "Mary Had a Little Lamb" Poem Q: Is Mary of the "Little Lamb" the Blessed Virgin Mary? A: We are familiar with the popular nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb," but we probably don't remember the poem in its entirety. Mary had a little lamb, little lamb, little lamb. Mary had a little lamb, its fleece was white as snow. And everywhere that Mary went, Mary went, Mary went, and everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go. It followed her to school one day school one day, school one day, It followed her to school one day, which was against the rules. It made the children laugh and play, laugh and play, laugh and play, it made the children laugh and play to see a lamb at school. And so the teacher turned it out, turned it out, turned it out, And so the teacher turned it out, but still it lingered near, And waited patiently about, And waited patiently about till Mary did appear. "Why does the lamb love Mary so?" Love Mary so? Love Mary so? "Why does the lamb love Mary so," the eager children cry. "Why, Mary loves the lamb you know." The lamb, you know, the lamb, you know, "Why, Mary loves the lamb you know," the teacher did reply. Sarah Hale, according to some, is the author of this poem. It was first published in 1830. The following incident animated Sarah Hale to write "Mary Had a Little Lamb." A girl by the name of Mary Sawyer had a pet, a little lamb which she deeply loved. She loved it so much, indeed, that one day she took it with her to school, and, naturally, created a considerable commotion. According to others, the teacher, actually the nephew of a minor minister, preparing for college under the guidance of his uncle, a young man by the name of John Roulstone, was so enthralled by the incident that he put it in verses, that is, the first two stanzas or twelve lines. The second half of the poem is attributed, according to this version, to Sarah Hale. The event occurred in Sterling, Massachusetts. A statue representing Mary's little lamb stands in the town center. The peculiar rhythm and rhyme is typical of Norse culture. Mothers use this nursery rhyme to lull their children into sleep telling them to be quiet at night. Reading the poem (the first audio recording by Thomas Edison, 1877) or singing it (Paul McCartney and others released various versions of it), and knowing the story behind the popular nursery rhyme, it becomes evident that there exists no connection between Our Lady and the Mary with the little lamb. Tags:


Eunice Kathleen Waymon (1933 - 2003) - Genealogy Eunice Kathleen Waymon "Nina Simone", "Priestess of Soul" Birthdate: Tryon, Polk, North Carolina, USA Death: in Carry-le-Rouet, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France Cause of death: Deceased in her sleep also Had been ill with breast cancer previously. Place of Burial: Ashes scattered in several African countries Immediate Family: Ex-wife of Donald Ross and Andrew Bernard Stroud Mother of <private> Kelly (Stroud) and <private> Kelly (Stroud) American singer, songwriter, pianist, arranger, and civil rights activist. Managed by: Feb 21 1933 - Tryon, North Carolina, United States Death: Apr 21 2003 - Carry-le-Rouet, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France Parents: Mary Kate Irvin, John Davan Waymon Brother: sibling About Nina Simone Dr. Nina Simone was born 21 February 1933 in Tryon, North Carolina and died 21 April 2003 in Carry-le-Rouet, Bouches-du-Rhône, France . Her birth name was Eunice Kathleen Waymon and she was also known as Eunice Wayman. Nicknames include the Priestess of Soul, the Queen of the Blues, the Princess Noire, and the High Priestess of Song. Known for: Composed over 500 songs, recorded almost 60 albums First woman to win the Jazz Cultural Award "Woman of the Year" 1966, Jazz at Home Club Female Jazz Singer of the Year, 1967, National Association of Television and Radio Announcers Family Parents: daughter and the sixth of the eight children of John D Waymon (1898-1972) and Mary Kate Irvin (1902-around 2000), an ordained Methodist minister.[1][2] Married: in 1958 to Don Ross; marriage ended in divorce in 1959. He was a " beatnik who worked as a fairground barker." [14] in 1961 to Andrew Stroud; marriage ended in divorce in 1970. He was a New York police detective who became her manager. [17] Liasons: around 1971: "Simone stayed in Barbados for quite some time and she had a lengthy affair with the first Prime Minister of Barbados" Errol Barrow (21 January 1920 – 1 June 1987) [25][26] Child of Andy Stroud and Nina Simone: Lisa Celeste Stroud (known professionally as Simone and also known as Lisa Simone Kelly) born September 12, 1962 Timeline every appearance is legendary In 1993, Don Shewey wrote of Nina Simone in the Village Voice, [8] "She's not a pop singer, she's a diva, a hopeless eccentric ... who has so thoroughly co-mingled her odd talent and brooding temperament that she has turned herself into a force of nature, an exotic creature spied so infrequently that every appearance is legendary." from Nina Simone 1933 - 2003: The haunting genius of the queen of the blues Jackie Kay, The Observer, Sunday 27 April 2003 They say everything can be replaced. They say every distance is not near. So I remember every face of every man who put me here. Any day now, any day now, I shall be released. Nina Simone has gone, her light shining from the west down to the east. But here she is still, singing in my study with the rain hitting the windows, her unmistakable voice carving and denting the air. When people as talented as Nina Simone die, you think they will never be replaced, that their talent is a thing of the past. You can tell Bessie from Billie, Ella from Dinah and you know Nina right away. But how many distinct voices follow you around like hers for life? Haunting you, hanging in the air long after you've fallen out of love? She had a way of singing that made you think she had experienced everything she sang about, that she got the blues most every night. She had a way of understanding everything that the world hurled at her: love, death, racism. Nina Simone never forgot herself and because she never forget herself, she remembered us all. Her beautiful voice is still lifting and soaring and is outside the window, now flying, a black bird in the blue rain. her voice has the tendency to make me cry on onset There have been phases in my life where Nina Simone’s music was banned in my house because her voice has the tendency to make me cry on onset. I heard some Nina Simone music growing up from my father the jazz head's records.


Clive Owen starred in the title role of which 2004 film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by David Franzoni, with Ioan Gruffudd, Keira Knightley and Ivano Marescotti?

King Arthur (2004) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A demystified take on the tale of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 25 titles created 22 Apr 2013 a list of 49 titles created 19 Oct 2013 a list of 28 titles created 30 Jan 2015 a list of 22 titles created 22 Feb 2015 a list of 45 titles created 3 months ago Search for " King Arthur " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 4 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Balian of Ibelin travels to Jerusalem during the crusades of the 12th century, and there he finds himself as the defender of the city and its people. Director: Ridley Scott In 12th century England, Robin and his band of marauders confront corruption in a local village and lead an uprising against the crown that will forever alter the balance of world power. Director: Ridley Scott An American military advisor embraces the Samurai culture he was hired to destroy after he is captured in battle. Director: Edward Zwick Alexander, the King of Macedonia and one of the greatest military leaders in the history of warfare, conquers much of the known world. Director: Oliver Stone Peaceful farmer Benjamin Martin is driven to lead the Colonial Militia during the American Revolution when a sadistic British officer murders his son. Director: Roland Emmerich An adaptation of Homer's great epic, the film follows the assault on Troy by the united Greek forces and chronicles the fates of the men involved. Director: Wolfgang Petersen A Russian and a German sniper play a game of cat-and-mouse during the Battle of Stalingrad. Director: Jean-Jacques Annaud A tale of war and romance mixed in with history. The story follows two lifelong friends and a beautiful nurse who are caught up in the in the horror of an infamous Sunday morning in 1941. Director: Michael Bay A Special-Ops commander leads his team into the Nigerian jungle in order to rescue a doctor who will only join them if they agree to save 70 refugees too. Director: Antoine Fuqua During the Napoleonic Wars, a brash British captain pushes his ship and crew to their limits in pursuit of a formidable French war vessel around South America. Director: Peter Weir A splinter group of Roman soldiers fight for their lives behind enemy lines after their legion is decimated in a devastating guerrilla attack. Director: Neil Marshall A dramatization of the 20 July assassination and political coup plot by desperate renegade German Army officers against Hitler during World War II. Director: Bryan Singer Edit Storyline Based on a more realistic portrayal of "Arthur" than has ever been presented onscreen. The film will focus on the history and politics of the period during which Arthur ruled -- when the Roman empire collapsed and skirmishes over power broke out in outlying countries -- as opposed to the mystical elements of the tale on which past Arthur films have focused. Written by Scott Summerton The Untold True Story That Inspired The Legend See more  » Genres: Rated PG-13 for intense battle sequences, a scene of sensuality and some language | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 7 July 2004 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: King Arthur: Director's Cut See more  » Filming Locations: $15,193,907        (USA) (9 July 2004) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia The language spoken by the Woads in the film is a combination of ancient Gaelic and ancient Welsh, as the actual language spoken by the Picts has been lost. See more » Goofs One of the knights flies a hawk in several scenes. The hawk is a Harris' Hawk from the Americas, which had no commerce with Britain until nearly 1000 years later. See more » Quotes [first lines] Lancelot : [voiceover] By 300 AD, the Roman Empire extended from Arabia


In which sport is a contest called honbasho or basho?

Kombat Sport – SUMO : HATSU BASHO Others 19 avril 2016 Time for the first honbasho of 2016 on KOMBAT SPORT ! Starting this Monday, April 18th at 6.30PM GMT, follow the 15 days of the Hatsu Basho up to the final on Saturday, April 23rd.  ©Icon Sport Starting Monday, April 18th, watch the Hatsu Basho, the first sumo tournament of the year of KOMBAT SPORT. The 15 days of the competition will be separated in four parts including an exceptional final. Watch if HAKUHO, the most decorated yokozuna in history, keeps on winning or if HARUMAFUJI can stop him. The Hatsu Basho, this week on KOMBAT SPORT ! ON AIR :


Which country withdrew from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 2008 after it became a net importer of oil?

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)  |  Institut MEDEA OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Ulamas OPEC (Organization  of Petroleum Exporting Countries) The OPEC has been created in September 1960 during a Conference held in Bagdad by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela upon an Iraqi initiative. Today OPEC consists of 11 member countries. The aim of the organisation is to combine and coordinate members’oil production and export policies in order to safeguard their interests. Decisions referred to the OPEC Pricing Policy are taken during the regular meeetings of the national oil ministers of the member states. Since the early ’80s, the organisation started fixing quota agreements influencing the world oil supply and consequently the inflation rates, the currency exchange rates and the Trade Balances of the countries which are most dependent on imported oil. The OPEC member states are the following : Algeria Angola Ecuador Indonesia (withdrew in 2008 when became for the first time a net importer of oil, expressing its desire, nonetheless, to re-enter the Organisation if it becomes once again a net exporting of oil) Iran United Arab Emirates Venezuela These countries account for 2/3 of the known deposits of crude oil (2/3 of which are located in the Middle East) whereas obviously Non OPEC Countries hold less then 1/4 of the total amount of the word known oil reserves. In 1996, OPEC Members represented 33.3% of the oil world production (including crude oil, natural gas liquids, refinery gain, etc…). At the end of 1999, OPEC Crude Oil production amounted to 26,507 b/d, in July 2000 OPEC supplied approx.28,172 b/d. The OPEC headquarters are located in Vienna (Austria) and the organization’s Secretary General is Mr.Abdallah Salem el-Badri, elected in January 2007. The organization has three main weak points: Its decisions require unanimity for adoption. Its members do not always abide by the decisions which are taken. The Organization does not include all the major players in the Oil Market arena such as Angola, Bahrain, Brunei, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Norway, Oman, the United States, Russia and the former Soviet republics. In February 1999, after the steep decline in the oil market which led to a price of less than $ 10 a barrel OPEC oil ministers reached a new agreement in The Hague on 12 March 1999. The members of this meeting were : Saudi Arabia, Iran, Algeria, Venezuela and Mexico. This agreement which comprehended OPEC plus Mexico, Norway and Oman enacted further cuts of just 2 million barrels a day, on top of the 2.6 million million a day already agreed by OPEC in July 1998, with an implicit threat that Saudi Arabia could use its production muscle, if necessary, to keep the other producers in line until oil prices reaches $ 15 a barrel. Following unusually disciplined reductions in supply under the The Hague agreement, the oil price recovered rapidly and more than doubbled in six months time, approaching $ 24 by the middle of September 1999. The market continues to show signs that the exporter group will continue to abide by this agreement by reducing total output at least till the expiry date of the agreement in March 2000. On 17 November, oil ministers of two of the biggest OPEC exporters – Saudi Arabia and Venezuela – and Mexico re-confirmed in Riyadh that the cuts would stay in place at least until the end of March 2000. Later on the same day, the barrel hit $ 25, a level last seen during the second Gulf War. This time obviously the oil producers have been able to slice their outputs because the March 1999 agreement has rapidly been very effective. On 22 November, crude oil leapt even further high, close to $ 26 when Irak started implementing a threat to halt its 2.2 million barrels a day of exports related to the UN « Oil for Food Resolution ». As a result, the average price in 1999 was finally over 18 $ a barrel. Contrarily to expectations of many experts, the rise of the oil price continued in 2000, nearing 30 $ by the middle of February and 34$ in early September


Which award-winning band are named after a South African football team?

Kaizer Chiefs Football Club Amakhosi! Kaizer Chiefs Kaizer Chiefs are arguably South Africa’s most popular football club. Founded in 1970, the team – which is also known as 'Amakhosi' – has won scores of titles and entertained millions of fans. Chiefs enjoy a particularly competitive rivalry with fellow Soweto soccer club, Orlando Pirates. Did you know? Popular British rock band Kaiser Chiefs, known for hits such as Ruby, named themselves after the football club.
 Every Kaizer Chiefs match is a big deal, with fans travelling from far and wide to support their team, regardless of where in South Africa they are playing. Droves of yellow-clad supporters take to the streets before and after the game to blow vuvuzelas (a plastic horn), sing, dance and celebrate soccer.

 The Soweto Derby with Orlando Pirates is a particularly atmospheric occasion, regardless of where the game is played.

 Football fans visiting Gauteng should take the time to watch a Kaizer Chiefs match in Soweto, and to combine soccer with sightseeing in this buzzing township. Kaizer Chiefs generally play their home games at FNB Stadium, which hosted the final of the 2010 FIFA World Cup under the name Soccer City.

 The conventional 'peace' sign (index and middle fingers raised upwards, facing forward) is also used by Kaizer Chiefs’ supporters as a sign of unity and allegiance to their team. This is just one of the many ways in which the Amakhosi faithful connect.

 Siphiwe Tshabalala, who shot to fame with a screamer of a goal for South Africa against Mexico in the opening match of the 2010 World Cup, and Itumeleng Khune, who made some amazing saves during that tournament, are two of Kaizer Chiefs' most internationally recognised players of recent times.

 Some Kaizer Chiefs legends of the past 20 years include Doctor Khumalo (who made 397 appearances for the club), former national captain Neil Tovey, John ‘Shoes’ Moshoeu and Marks Maponyane.

 Kaizer Chiefs was founded by Kaizer Motaung, who played for Orlando Pirates early on in his career before moving to the United States to represent the Atlanta Chiefs.
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Abraham Ortelius, a Flemish cartographer and geographer, is generally recognised as the creator of the first what in 1570 ?

Discoverers, Navigators and Cartographers Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598) Abraham Ortels was a Flemish cartographer and geographer, generally recognised as the creator of the first modern atlas, the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the World). Ortelius was the first to underline the geometrical coincidence between the coasts of America and Europe-Africa, and to propose continental drift as an explanation. 1527   Abraham Ortelius was born as Abraham Ortels in Antwerp, Flanders (Belgium), on 4th of April 1527. Some time before he was born, his family moved from Augsburg to Antwerp, which was then in the Habsburg ruled Seventeen Provinces and the economic and cultural centre of the Low Countries. The death of his father in 1535, who had been a wealthy merchant, seems to have placed the family in difficulties, for Ortelius began to trade or peddle geographical charts and maps while still a mere youth. 1547   In 1547, at the age of twenty, he joined a guild as a colourer of charts. He supplemented his income trading in books, prints, and maps, and his journeys included yearly visits to the Frankfurt book and print fair where he met Gerardus Mercator in 1554. In 1560, however, when travelling with Mercator to Trier, Lorraine, and Poitiers, he seems to have been attracted, largely by Mercator's influence, towards the career of a scientific geographer. In 1564 he published his first map, Typus Orbis Terrarum, an eight-leaved map of the world. He also published a two-sheet map of Egypt in 1565, a plan of the Brittenburg castle on the coast of the Netherlands in 1568, an eight-sheet map of Asia in 1567, and a six-sheet map of Spain before the appearance of his atlas. 1570   On May 20, 1570, Gilles Coppens de Diest at Antwerp issued Ortelius' Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the "first modern atlas" consisting of a set of 53 maps. It's success can only be estimated from the many editions that were published in the following decades: three Latin editions (besides a Dutch, a French and a German edition) appeared before the end of 1572; twenty-five editions came out before Ortelius' death in 1598; and several others were published subsequently, as the atlas continued to be in demand until about 1612. In 1573 Ortelius published seventeen supplementary maps under the title Additamentum Theatri Orbis Terrarum. Four more Additamenta were to follow, the last one appearing in 1597. In his Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ortelius has combined in a systematic manner all recent maps of the world and separate countries, of which he had heard during his long activity as trader and collector. Where several maps of one country were available, he chose the most modern and most reliable copy. When the name of the author was mentioned on the map, Orteius did not change a line or a name then, but, when the author's name was not given, he resolutely made such changes as appeared to him necessary. He conscientiously gave credit to the author of maps which were published on a reduced scale by himself. Considering geography as an eye of history (historioe oculus), he usually added the ancient historical names of countries and cities to the modern ones. To the atlas he appended a geographical dictionary which contained both the ancient and modern names. More important for us than this dictionary is the appended catalogue of maps ("Catalogus auctorum tabularum geographicarum"), in which appear the names and works of ninety-nine cartographers who lived before 1570. As concerning many of these cartographers we have no other knowledge than that contained in this catalogue, and as Ortelius utilized but forty-six of the maps mentioned by him, this little list is to-day one of the most important sources for a history of cartography. In 1593 there were 137, in 1612 no less than 166 maps, while the list of authors reached 183 for the time up to 1595; antiquated maps were replaced by more modern ones, or changed according to the more accurate reports forwarded for the most part by missionaries, and it soon appeared not only in the Latin language, but also in Dutch, G


"How many US states begin with the letter ""O""?"

List of States in America That Start With List of States in America That Start With Updated on June 26, 2015 The United States In recent news, the United States' president Barack Obama said that he has visited most of the 57 states in the United States. The video of Obama's speech has been making its rounds on the Internet. It was obviously a mistake on the president's part, but in reality, not many people probably even know how many states there are. Every single person knows what the United States are. Obama might have made a mistake, but surprisingly, not many people can name all of the states off the top of their head and quite a bit of people think that there are 52 states, 48 states or give or take a few more. There are 50 states in America and here is the list of them in alphabetical order. Some of the capitals have been listed next to the states and other fun facts are also listed besides others. List of States in America that Start with A List of states in America that start with A. Alabama- The capital is Montgomery and the largest city is Birmingham. Alaska- The capital is Juneau and the largest city is Anchorage. Arizona- The capital is Phoenix and the largest city is Phoenix. Arkansas- The capital is Little Rock and the largest city is Little rock. States that Start with the letter B There are no states that begin with the letter B. List of States in America that Start with C List of states in America that start with C. California- The capital is Sacramento and the largest city is Los Angeles Colorado- The capital is Denver and the largest city is Denver Connecticut- The capital is Hartford and the largest city is Bridgeport List of States in America that Start with D List of states in America that start with D. Delaware- The capital is Dover and the largest city is Wilmington States that Start with the Letter E There are no states that start with the letter E. States that Start with F Here are the states that start with the letter F. Florida- The capital is Tallahassee and the largest city is Jacksonville States that Start with G Here are the states that start with the letter G. Georgia- The capital is Atlanta and the largest city is Atlanta States that Start with H Here are the states that start with the letter H. Hawaii- The capital is Honolulu and the largest city is Honolulu States that Start with I Here are the states that start with the letter I. Idaho- The capital is Boise and the largest city is Boise Illinois- The capital is Springfield and the largest city is Chicago Indiana- The capital is Indianapolis and the largest city is Indianapolis Iowa- The capital is Des Moines and the largest city is Des Moines States that Start with J There are no states that start with the letter J. States that Start with the Letter K Here are the states that start with the letter K. Kansas- The capital is Topeka and the largest city is Wichita Kentucky- The capital is Frankfort and the largest city is Lexington States that Start with L Here are the states that start with the letter L. Louisiana- The nickname for this state is the pelican state States that Start with M Here are the states that start with the letter M. Maine- The nickname for this state is the pine tree state Maryland- The nickname for this state is the free state Massachusetts- The nickname for this state is the bay state Michigan- The nickname for this state is the wolverine state Minnesota- The nickname for this state is the north star state Mississippi- The nickname for this state is the magnolia state Missouri- The nickname for this state is the show-me state Montana- The nickname for this state is the treasure state States that Start with N Here are the states that start with the letter N. Nebraska States that Start with O Here are the states that start with the letter O. Ohio States that Start with P Here is the state that starts with the letter P. Pennsylvania States that Start with Q There are no states that start with the letter Q. States that Start with R Here are the states that start with the letter R. Rhode Island States that Start with S