Which every day edible vegetable is from the daucus genus of plants?

Edible Wild Plants: 19 Wild Plants You Can Eat to Survive in the Wild | The Art of Manliness Dill, carrot, parsnip, or parsley-like foliage “Almond” scent in the woody parts and leaves Grain heads with pink, purplish, or black spurs Three-leaved growth pattern Many toxic plants will exhibit one or more of the above characteristics. Bear in mind that some of the plants we suggest below have some of these attributes, yet they’re still edible. The characteristics listed are just guidelines for when you’re not confident about what you’re dealing with. If you want to be completely sure that an unknown plant is edible, and you have a day or two to spare, you can always perform the Universal Edibility Test. Amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus and other species) Native to the Americas but found on most continents, amaranth is an edible weed. You can eat all parts of the plant, but be on the look out for spines that appear on some of the leaves. While not poisonous, amaranth leaves do contain oxalic acid and may contain large amounts of nitrates if grown in nitrate-rich soil. It’s recommended that you boil the leaves to remove the oxalic acid and nitrates. Don’t drink the water after you boil the plant. With that said, you can eat the plant raw if worse comes to worst. Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) The vegetable that makes your pee smell funny grows in the wild in most of Europe and parts of North Africa, West Asia, and North America. Wild asparagus has a much thinner stalk than the grocery-store variety. It’s a great source of source of vitamin C, thiamine, potassium, and vitamin B6. Eat it raw or boil it like you would your asparagus at home. Burdock (Arctium lappa) Medium to large-sized plant with big leaves and purplish thistle-like flower heads. The plant is native to the temperate areas of the Eastern Hemisphere; however, it has been naturalized in parts of the Western Hemisphere as well. Burdock is actually a popular food in Japan. You can eat the leaves and the peeled stalks of the plant either raw or boiled. The leaves have a bitter taste, so boiling them twice before eating is recommended to remove the bitterness. The root of the plant can also be peeled, boiled, and eaten. Cattail (Typha) Known as cattails or punks in North America and bullrush and reedmace in England, the typha genus of plants is usually found near the edges of freshwater wetlands. Cattails were a staple in the diet of many Native American tribes. Most of a cattail is edible. You can boil or eat raw the rootstock, or rhizomes, of the plant. The rootstock is usually found underground. Make sure to wash off all the mud. The best part of the stem is near the bottom where the plant is mainly white. Either boil or eat the stem raw. Boil the leaves like you would spinach. The corn dog-looking female flower spike can be broken off and eaten like corn on the cob in the early summer when the plant is first developing. It actually has a corn-like taste to it. Clovers (Trifolium) Lucky you — clovers are actually edible. And they’re found just about everywhere there’s an open grassy area. You can spot them by their distinctive trefoil leaflets. You can eat clovers raw, but they taste better boiled. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) You’ll find chicory growing in Europe, North America, and Australia. It’s a bushy plant with small blue, lavender, and white flowers. You can eat the entire plant. Pluck off the young leaves and eat them raw or boil them. The chicory’s roots will become tasty after boiling. And you can pop the flowers in your mouth for a quick snack. Chickweed (Stellaria media) You’ll find this herb in temperate and arctic zones. The leaves are pretty hefty, and you’ll often find small white flowers on the plant. They usually appear between May and July. You can eat the leaves raw or boiled. They’re high in vitamins and minerals. Curled Dock (Rumex crispus) You can find curled dock in Europe, North America, South America, and Australia. It’s distinguished by a long, bright red stalk that can reach heights of three feet. You can eat the stalk raw or boiled.


Christmas Disease is another name for one of the forms of which hereditary genetic disorder?

Medical Genetics: Types of Genetic Changes - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center URMC / Encyclopedia / Content Medical Genetics: Types of Genetic Changes The human body has 20,000 to 25,000 different genes. Genes are located on chromosomes,    which are stick-shaped structures in the middle of each cell in the body. Each cell    usually has 46 chromosomes grouped in 23 pairs. Each gene has a specific function.    And when a gene or chromosome is abnormal, it may cause health problems in the body. There are 2 main types of genetic changes:                                               Chromosome abnormalities Single-gene defects What are chromosome abnormalities? Chromosome abnormalities in the baby may be inherited from the parent or may occur    with no family history. These are the most common: Aneuploidy This means more or fewer chromosomes than the normal number. Examples include: Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Cells contain 3 copies of the 21st chromosome. Turner syndrome. One of the two sex chromosomes is not transferred. This leaves a single X chromosome       for 45 total chromosomes instead of 46. Deletion This is when part of a chromosome is missing, or part of the DNA code is missing. Inversion This is when a chromosome breaks and the piece of it turns around and reattaches itself.    Inversions can be passed down in families, but they may or may not cause birth defects. Ring A ring chromosome is one where the ends are attached to itself to form a ring. Rings    can be passed down in families. They may or may not cause health problems. Translocation This is when a chromosome segment rearranges from one location to another. It can    happen either within the same chromosome or move to another chromosome. There are    two types: Balanced translocation. This is when the DNA is equally exchanged between chromosomes. No DNA is lost or       added. A parent with a balanced translocation is healthy, but he or she may be at       risk for passing on unbalanced chromosomes to a child. Robertsonian translocation. This is a balanced translocation in which one chromosome joins the end of another. Mosaicism This is when a person has 2 or more sets of chromosomes in his or her cells with different    genetic material. What are single-gene changes? A change in a single gene causes a defect or abnormality. Single-gene changes usually    have a higher risk of being passed on to children. Single-gene changes can be: Dominant This means the abnormality occurs when only one of the genes from one parent is abnormal.    If the parent has the disorder, the baby has a 1 in 2 chance of inheriting it. Examples    include: Achondroplasia. This is a bone development disorder that causes dwarfism. Marfan syndrome. This is a connective tissue disorder that causes long limbs and heart defects. Recessive This means the abnormality only occurs when both parents have abnormal genes. If both    parents are carriers, a baby has a 1 in 4 chance of having the disorder. Examples    include: Cystic fibrosis. This is a disorder of glands that causes excess mucus in the lungs. It also causes       problems with how the pancreas works and with how food is absorbed. Sickle cell disease. This condition causes abnormal red blood cells that don’t carry oxygen normally. Tay-Sachs disease. This is an inherited autosomal recessive condition that causes the central nervous       system to decline. The condition is fatal, usually by age 5. X-linked The disorder is determined by genes on the X chromosome. Males are mainly affected    and have the disorder. Daughters of men with the disorder are carriers of the trait    and have a 1 in 2 chance of passing it to their children. Sons of women who are carriers    each have a 1 in 2 chance of having the disorder. Examples include: Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This is a disease that causes muscle wasting. Hemophilia. This is a bleeding disorder caused by low levels or lack of a blood protein that       is need


Who wrote the poem The Rape of the Lock?

SparkNotes: The Rape of the Lock: Context The Rape of the Lock Alexander Pope Table of Contents Characters Alexander Pope was born in London in 1688. As a Roman Catholic living during a time of Protestant consolidation in England, he was largely excluded from the university system and from political life, and suffered certain social and economic disadvantages because of his religion as well. He was self-taught to a great extent, and was an assiduous scholar from a very early age. He learned several languages on his own, and his early verses were often imitations of poets he admired. His obvious talent found encouragement from his father, a linen-draper, as well as from literary-minded friends. At the age of twelve, Pope contracted a form of tuberculosis that settled in his spine, leaving him stunted and misshapen and causing him great pain for much of his life. He never married, though he formed a number of lifelong friendships in London’s literary circles, most notably with Jonathan Swift. Pope wrote during what is often called the Augustan Age of English literature (indeed, it is Pope’s career that defines the age). During this time, the nation had recovered from the English Civil Wars and the Glorious Revolution, and the regained sense of political stability led to a resurgence of support for the arts. For this reason, many compared the period to the reign of Augustus in Rome, under whom both Virgil and Horace had found support for their work. The prevailing taste of the day was neoclassical, and 18th-century English writers tended to value poetry that was learned and allusive, setting less value on originality than the Romantics would in the next century. This literature also tended to be morally and often politically engaged, privileging satire as its dominant mode. The Rape of the Lock is one of the most famous English-language examples of the mock-epic. Published in its first version in 1712, when Pope was only 23 years old, the poem served to forge his reputation as a poet and remains his most frequently studied work. The inspiration for the poem was an actual incident among Pope’s acquaintances in which Robert, Lord Petre, cut off a lock of Arabella Fermor’s hair, and the young people’s families fell into strife as a result. John Caryll, another member of this same circle of prominent Roman Catholics, asked Pope to write a light poem that would put the episode into a humorous perspective and reconcile the two families. The poem was originally published in a shorter version, which Pope later revised. In this later version he added the “machinery,” the retinue of supernaturals who influence the action as well as the moral of the tale. After the publication of The Rape of the Lock, Pope spent many years translating the works of Homer. During the ten years he devoted to this arduous project, he produced very few new poems of his own but refined his taste in literature (and his moral, social, and political opinions) to an incredible degree. When he later recommenced to write original poetry, Pope struck a more serious tone than the one he gave to The Rape of the Lock. These later poems are more severe in their moral judgments and more acid in their satire: Pope’s Essay on Man is a philosophical poem on metaphysics, ethics, and human nature, while in the Dunciad Pope writes a scathing exposé of the bad writers and pseudo-intellectuals of his day. More Help


What colour is the artist's colour called cerulean ?

handprint : an artist's color wheel   an artist's color wheel An earlier page described several modern color models , including the latest CIE color difference and color appearance models, and a later page explained how the hue circle from any color model can be used to create an artist's color wheel . This page presents my own color wheels, the result of considerable study. My understanding of the problems involved has changed over the past several years, so I present both the wheel originally published in 1999, and the version I developed in 2006. Both wheels show the color appearance locations of all major watercolor pigments in use today. Both wheels are based on visual complementary colors. The wheels differ in their chroma scaling of all colors, and in the spacing and visual complements assigned to blue and violet colors. Some artists, from force of habit, may prefer a color wheel based on mixing complements. I try to dissuade you from that route, but if you choose it, I provide the information on mixing complements you'll need to get started. Because the visual and mixing location of pigments sometimes differ by a large amount, this page tries to explain why those differences occur . It turns out they are caused by the green reflectance in many paints, and can be summed up in three simple rules. visual vs. mixing complements To make a color wheel, we have to tackle the problem first encountered with the secondary color wheel : how do we define complementary colors ? To recap, complementary colors are two hues with balanced or opposing color characteristics; that's why they're opposite each other on the color wheel. But the way we define that opposition gives us different results. In subtractive color mixing , complementary colors are two dyes, paints or inks that can be mixed in some proportion to create a gray color. This usually means their reflectance curves combine to make a metameric color or visual equivalent of gray, not the flat reflectance curve of a true neutral. This approach closely ties complementary colors to the problem of mixing paints. In additive color mixing , complementary colors are the two monochromatic (single wavelength) lights that can be mixed to produce the perception of white light, or the two surface colors whose reflectance curves can be combined (with a color top ) to produce the same result. This method closely ties complementary colors to a specific chromaticity diagram and the problem of mixing lights. Finally, in color appearance models based on surface colors (painted color samples, rather than colored lights), complementary colors are any two colors at opposite ends of a straight line through the achromatic center of the color model's hue plane , or colors on opposite sides of a perceptually defined hue circle. This approach closely ties complementary colors to the actual visual impact of colors, and to our color psychology. If we compare the results of subtractive paint mixing, additive light mixing and perceptually defined color models, we find that visual and mixing complements are almost never the same. The visual complement of ultramarine blue is a yellowish green, but the mixing complement of ultramarine blue is a dull deep yellow; mixing ultramarine blue and greenish yellow paints produces a dark bluish green. The visual complement of phthalo green is close to quinacridone rose, but the mixing complement of phthalo green is a middle red; mixing phthalo green and quinacridone rose paints gives a muted dark violet, not a neutral tone. And so on. (These color circle comparisons clarify the different hue relationships that appear in visual and mixing color circles.) So we have to choose from among competing approaches when we build a color wheel. The easiest way to review these choices is to compare visual and mixing complements side by side, using the major "cool" pigments as the basis for comparison. (More extensive information is provided in the section on mixing complementary paints .) This table is worth careful study! color theory [M. Graham] [none] Note: Mixing comple


Who appointed in 2010 is The Lord President of the Council the council in question being the Privy Council?

Plans for the Privy Council to regulate Britain's newspapers | The Independent UK Politics Plans for the Privy Council to regulate Britain's newspapers It was set up in 1231 by Henry III. It met every day under Elizabeth I. But under Elizabeth II it hasn't been convened for 25 years. So why does David Cameron think this centuries-old club can regulate the press? Wednesday 2 January 2013 21:12 BST Click to follow Plans for the Privy Council to regulate Britain's newspapers 1/7 King James II of England faces bishops in the Privy Council in 1688 Rex Features 2/7 Prince Philip, 90: Appointed to the Privy Council by King George VI on 4 November 1951, the Duke of Edinburgh has been a member longer than anyone else alive Getty Images 3/7 Lord Carrington, 93: Appointed by Harold Macmillan in 1959, he is the only other living member to have completed a half century Rex Features 4/7 Tony Benn, 87: The former Labour MP did not want to join the Privy Council in 1964, but was told he had no choice and is still officially a member Getty Images 5/7 Margaret Thatcher, 87: The Privy Council was almost an all-male body when she joined in 1970. She is the senior woman member, though too frail to attend EPA 6/7 Sir Toaripi Lauti, 84: The oldest of the New Commonwealth privy councillors, appointed in 1979, when he was Prime Minister of the newly independent Tuvalu 7/7 Geoff Hoon, 59: A lobbying scandal means the former Defence Secretary can’t hold a Commons pass until December 2015. That does not stop him being a privy councillor Getty Images King James II of England faces bishops in the Privy Council in 1688 It is one of Britain's most secretive, elite organisations, almost as old as the Magna Carta and with many members in their 80s and 90s. These men, appointed by the Queen – and they are almost all men – form the Privy Council, a solid, authoritative-sounding body. But it is nothing of the sort. And, at the very moment the Government is looking to this centuries-old club to help with the regulation of Britain's newspapers, its owns members question its credibility. One privy counsellor of more than 15 years' standing calls it "a myth that needs exposing". This year will bring the appointment of the first independent regulator with the power to keep British newspapers under control. Oliver Letwin, the Cabinet Office minister, is credited with coming up with an idea that the body that would oversee the press regulator should be governed by royal charter. The attraction of this idea, to which all three of the main political parties now appear to be signed up, is that the great and the good who make sure the regulator is sticking to its brief will be more than a committee: they will be an institution. It seems that the question of who will regulate the regulator is solved. Except that it throws up a new question: if the regulator is governed by royal charter, who governs the charter? To whom would the regulator turn if, for instance, its charter is not working out in practice and needs amending? There is a readymade answer, because there is nothing new about royal charters. There are 996 currently in force, the oldest being the one that governs Cambridge University, which was signed by King Henry III in 1231. The most recent charters were granted on 30 May 2012, to the Worshipful Company of Builders Merchants and the Worshipful Company of Lightmongers. All royal charters are governed by the Privy Council, so it is to the Privy Council that Cambridge University or the Lightmongers must turn if they want their charters amended. But this is where Mr Letwin's scheme runs into a problem that still needs sorting out, urgently. The Privy Council is a façade. One privy counsellor confesses to having attended just one working Privy Council meeting, from which he came away with no real idea of what they had decided. On the rare occasions that something crops up that requires a Privy Council decision, the Lord President – currently Nick Clegg – contacts the Palace, and turns up with a quorum, which can be as few as three other privy counsellors, who ca


Who is the current chairman of the radio 4 panel game 'I'm sorry I haven't a clue'?

I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue - Radio 4 Panel Show - British Comedy Guide I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue Like this show BBC Radio 4 panel show that is the antidote to panel games. Broadcast, 1972 - 2016. Stars Humphrey Lyttelton , Barry Cryer , Tim Brooke-Taylor , Graeme Garden and others . Another series is in development. I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue Like this show See Also I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue Extremely popular radio comedy. ISIHAC is a self-styled antidote to panel games, in which players are given silly things to do × 66 Starring This show started out as a spin-off from the BBC radio series I'm Sorry I'll Read That Again . The idea being that I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue was an unscripted version of the original. ISIHAC is a parody of the traditional panel show, with games designed to humiliate and confuse. Points come for show's lovely (and fictitious) scorer Samantha. Games include the self-explanatory "One Song to the Tune of Another"; mad word game "Cheddar Gorge"; "Sound Charades" (a game based on the TV show Give Us a Clue which differs in just three ways); "Word for Word", the opposite of word association; and the game based on the London Underground that is almost impossible to play - "Mornington Crescent". Legendary host Humphrey Lyttelton presided over the first 50 series. In the series that followed the host's death the role of chairman was handed over to Stephen Fry , Jack Dee and Rob Brydon . The trio took it in turns to present the show. Jack Dee 's episodes were generally the best received by the audience, and thus Dee has been installed as the new host.


Who is the author of the Nursery Crime and Thursday Next series of books?

Welcome to the Jasper Fforde Website - Overview page Welcome to the Jasper Fforde Website Hello! If you are completely new to my writing, I have several series all running in parallel. They are: 1: The Thursday Next series. Thursday Next is a detective who works for Jurisfiction, the policing agency that works inside fiction. The books are set in an odd alternative world, and blends SF, Fantasy, Literature, Horror, and a bit of romance. This is how I recently described the series: They are a series of books based upon the notion that what we read in books is just a small part of a larger BookWorld that exists behind the page. A fantastical place populated by off-duty and sometimes mischievous bookpeople from the Classics to Fanfiction, and ruled over by the wheezing bureaucracy known as The council of Genres. It is their task to maintain the pageant and integrity of the books within their charge, and these efforts are sometimes thwarted by the very evildoers and bizarre plot devices that give the Bookworld its appeal. Aided in this endeavour but sometimes disagreeing with them are Jurisfiction, the policing agency within Fiction. The adventures follow one of their operatives: A woman from the Realworld named Thursday Next, whose reality-based credentials bring a dimension of independent thought to the proceedings, something that is often absent in the mostly predetermined Bookworld. Seven books so far: The Eyre Affair, Lost in a Good Book, The Well of Lost Plots, Something Rotten, First Among Sequels and One of our Thursdays is Missing and The Woman Who Died a Lot 2: The Nursery Crime series. DCI Jack Spratt and Sergeant Mary Mary work for the Nursery Crime Division in Reading, investigating crimes within the world of nursery rhymes. In the first, The Big Over Easy, they investigate the apparent suicide of Humpty Dumpty, and in the The Fourth Bear, they look at the events surrounding the mysterious death of Goldilocks. Both books are fundamentally whodunnits, but also manage to blend absurdity with satire, and have fun at the very tired genre from which they hail. (Two books so far) 3: The Shades of Grey series. Set in the long distant future in a society dominated in every way by visual colour, Shades of Grey is the adventures of one Eddie Russett, an unambitious red who moves to East Carmine, a small village right on the edge of Red Zone West. The colour you can see dictates your social position, and the collection of scrap pigment to be refined into glorious 'univisual' shades seems to be the primary goal of the society. But perhaps there is more to the fixed and intransigent world in which Eddie finds himself, and when he meets Jane Grey, his worst suspicions are realised. Part comedy, part social satire (imagine Eton run by the Khmer Rouge) Shades is probably my most ambitious work to date. (One book so far; Book two due in 2016.) 4: The Last Dragonslayer series. Jennifer Strange is a 15-year-old foundling who has been sold into indentured servitude to Kazam, a House of Enchantment run by The Great Zambini. Trouble is, Zambini has vanished, leaving Jennifer to deal with the thirty-eight barely sane sorcerers at the creaky Zambini Towers. The death of a dragon is foretold, and a four hundred year old spell starts to unfold in front of her. Does the last dragon have to die? And whu has she been chosen to be the Last Dragonslayer? The series is aimed at young adults and is intended to be an antidote to the more serious books about wizards and trolls. In LDS, magic is very hit and miss, and the wizards who can do it are a motley bunch that need all Jennifer's skills to keep them focussed. in Series: The Last Dragonslayer, The Song of the Quarkbeast, The Eye of Zoltar The best place to start? If you like a challenge, Shades of Grey. The Fourth Bear is just a good silly simple read that is a good Fforde primer so you can figure out how my books work, or you can leap into the Thursday books if you like your fantasy spread thick, deep, and silly. You can find some shortened precis by clicking HERE to see if it's your ba


How is the Rowan tree also known in the UK?

Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) - British trees - Woodland Trust Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) Rowan trees can live for up to 200 years Leaves are arranged like a feather Each leaflet is long, oval and has a toothed edge Leaves are feather-like with fight to eight pairs of leaflets (Photo: P Sterry/WTML) Flowers appear in dense clusters and each has five creamy white petals (Photo: P Sterry/WTML) Rowan is widely planted as a street or garden tree (Photo: P Sterry/WTML) The seeds from the scarlet rowan berries are dispersed by birds (Photo: P Sterry/WTML) Each leaflet is long and pointed at the end Twigs are smooth to the touch Leaf buds on twigs are purple and hairy (Photo: P Sterry/WTML) Rowan bark is smooth and silvery-grey (Photo: P Sterry/WTML) Rowan grows well on high ground and can be found growing wild in the Scottish Highlands (Photo: A Cleave/WTML) Rowan is also known as mountain ash and is native to the UK and northern and western Europe. Common name: rowan, mountain ash Scientific name: Sorbus aucuparia Family: Rosaceae UK provenance: native Interesting fact: the rowan is also known as the mountain ash, due to the fact that it grows well at high altitudes and its leaves are similar to those of the ash, Fraxinus excelsior. However, the two species are not related. What does rowan look like? Overview: mature trees can grow to 15m and can live for up to 200 years. The bark is smooth and silvery grey, and leaf buds are purple and hairy. Leaves: pinnate (like a feather), comprising 5-8 pairs of leaflets, plus one 'terminal' leaflet at the end. Each leaflet is long, oval and toothed. Flowers: rowan is hermaphrodite, meaning each flower contains both male and female reproductive parts. Flowers are borne in dense clusters, each one bearing five creamy white petals Fruits: after successful pollination by insects, they develop into scarlet fruits. The seeds are dispersed by birds. Look out for: it has 5-8 pairs of serrated leaflets which are distinctive. Could be confused with: ash (Fraxinus excelsior) or elder (Sambucus nigra), however, the leaflets are serrated and more or less pointed at the end in rowan than both of these. Identified in winter by: the young twigs start hairy and become smooth later. Buds are hairy all over. Terminal buds (on the ends of shoots) are up to 8mm in length and lateral buds (in leaf axils) have 2-5 scales. Where to find rowan Native to cooler regions of the northern hemisphere and most common in the UK in the north and west, it often grows in high altitude locations. It is commonly found in the wild, particularly in the highlands of Scotland, but it is also widely planted as a street or garden tree.  Value to wildlife The leaves are eaten by caterpillars of a number of moths, including the larger Welsh wave and autumn green carpet. Caterpillars of the apple fruit moth feed on the berries. Flowers provide pollen and nectar for bees and other pollinating insects, while the berries are a rich source of autumn food for birds, especially the blackbird, mistle thrush, redstart, redwing, song thrush, fieldfare and waxwing. Mythology and symbolism The colour red was considered to be the best colour for fighting evil, and so the rowan, with its bright red berries, has long been associated with magic and witches. Its old Celtic name is 'fid na ndruad', which means wizards' tree. In Ireland it was planted near houses to protect them against spirits, and in Wales rowan trees were planted in churchyards. Cutting down a rowan was considered taboo in Scotland. The wood was used for stirring milk to prevent it curdling, and as a pocket charm against rheumatism. It was also used to make divining rods. How we use rowan The wood is pale yellow-brown with a deeper brown heartwood. It is strong, hard and tough, but not particularly durable. It is sometimes used in turnery, furniture, craftwork and engraving. Rowan berries are edible to humans - they are sour but rich in vitamin C, and can be used to make a jelly to accompany meats. Threats Rowan can be susceptible to fireblight and may be affected by silver leaf disease.


Give a year in the life of Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, inventor of various thermometers?

Mercury Thermometer invented by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in year 1714 Invented by : Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit Invented in year : 1714 Thermometer is an instrument which is used to measure temperature. It measures temperature by using materials that change in some way when they are heated or cooled. In a mercury or alcohol thermometer the liquid expands as it is heated and contracts when it is cooled, so the length of the liquid column is longer or shorter depending on the temperature. Modern thermometers are calibrated in standard temperature units such as Fahrenheit or Celsius. Mercury Thermometer is actually a mercury-in-glass thermometer. There are Calibrated marks on the tube which allow the temperature to be read by the length of the mercury within the tube, which varies according to the heat given to it. To increase the sensitivity, there is usually a bulb of mercury at the end of the thermometer which contains most of the mercury; expansion and contraction of this volume of mercury is then amplified in the much narrower bore of the tube. The space above the mercury may be filled with nitrogen or it may be a vacuum. The predecessor to the thermometer were called Thermoscopes. It was Galileo Galilei who is known to be the inventor of the first Thermometer. He invented a rudimentary water thermometer in 1593 which merely indicated temperature differences. Many several inventors invented a version of the thermoscope at the same time but it was Italian inventor Santorio Santorio who put a numerical scale on the instrument in 1612. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) was the German physicist who invented the Alcohol Thermometer in 1709, and the Mercury Thermometer In 1714. In 1724, he introduced the temperature scale that bears his name - Fahrenheit Scale. The key to Fahrenheit's thermometer was a new method for cleaning mercury that enabled it to rise and fall within the tube without sticking to the sides. Mercury was an ideal substance for reading temperatures since it expanded at a more constant rate than alcohol and is able to be read at much higher and lower temperatures. Fahrenheit based his scale on three reference points of temperature. The zero point was determined by placing the thermometer in brine: a mixture of ice, water, and ammonium chloride, a salt, was used. This was a type of frigorific mixture. The mixture automatically stabilized its temperature at 0 °F. The thermometer was placed in the mixture and the liquid in the thermometer was allowed to descend to its lowest point. The second point was 32 degree found by putting the thermometer in still water as ice is just forming on the surface. The third point, the 96 degree, was the level of the liquid in the thermometer when held in the mouth or under the armpit. Fahrenheit noted that, using this scale, mercury boils at around 600 degrees. Later, other scientists observed that water boils about 180 degrees higher than the freezing point and decided to redefine the degree slightly to make it exactly 180 degrees higher. It is for this reason that normal body temperature is 98.6 on the revised scale while it was 96 on Fahrenheit's original scale. Development in the Invention Mercury Thermometer In 1731 the Frenchman, René Antoine Ferchauld de Réamur (1683-1757) proposed a thermometer scale on which the freezing point of water was 0° and the boiling point was 80°. But it the Réamur scale is not in use today. In 1742 a Swedish scientist named Anders Celsius (1701-1744) devised a thermometer scale dividing the freezing and boiling points of water into 100 degrees. Celsius chose 0 degrees for the boiling point of water, and 100 degrees for the freezing point. A year later, the Frenchman Jean Pierre Cristin (1683-1755) inverted the Celsius scale to produce the Centigrade scale used today (freezing point 0°, boiling point 100°). By international agreement in 1948 Cristin's adapted scale became known as Celsius and is still in use today. In 1848 Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, Lord Kelvin of Scotland (1824 - 1907) proposed the absolute temperature sc


If you were in Japan eating wakame, what would you be eating?

Ask TreeHugger: Is Eating Seaweed Dangerous? : TreeHugger March 6, 2007 Ask TreeHugger: Is Eating Seaweed Dangerous? Question: I was wondering if you could tell me how safe eating seaweed is these days, pollution wise. I hear lots about fish, but nothing about seaweed. Our family consumes 6-12 ounces a week. We buy organic, but it's wild caught. I eat seaweed in salads, sandwiches, and sushi. Mostly we just snack on dulse. -which I believe comes from the Atlantic. And we use Kombu, kelp, when cooking soups and beans. I believe the Kombu is local. We're in Santa Cruz, Ca. Thanks so much for your time! Response: Edible seaweed is a marine algae that can come in many forms, including the type that you mention, kombu, as well as the commonly eaten wakame and nori seaweeds. Although long part of the Asian diet, edible seaweed has increasingly become a part of Western diets due to its well-documented nutritional and often discussed medicinal qualities. In comparison to information on seaweed's benefits, there is little information about the possible negative effects of eating seaweed. A couple of years ago, several governments, including the Canadian and British governments, issued warnings advising people to not eat one type of seaweed – hijiki – because of concern over its high levels of inorganic arsenic, a toxic element that has been linked to cancer. Since little was (and still is) known about the specific risks of arsenic in hijiki, hijiki was not banned. The warnings, which were intended to give the consumers a choice, stated that eating hijiki every now and then was probably not dangerous. Importantly, the warnings applied only to hijiki and not to other more commonly eaten seaweeds, including arame, nori, kombu, and wakame, which were found to be free of arsenic. Based on these and other concerns, several scientific studies have been performed to measure the amount of arsenic and other heavy metals present in seaweed. Results from these studies show that metal contamination of seaweed depends on three major factors, including where the seaweed was harvested, the type of seaweed, and the specific metal. For example, in a small Canadian study (Van Netten et al., Science of the Total Environment, 2000), seaweed grown in waters near British Columbia, Canada generally had lower amounts of heavy metals, especially of mercury, than seaweeds grown in Japan and Norway, possibly due to lower amounts of these metals in British Columbia waters. All seaweed samples – even those grown in Japan and Norway – however, had metal levels that are generally thought of as safe to eat. What this means for you and your family is that you can continue to enjoy your seaweed salads, soups, and sushi (although given the governmental warnings I would probably stay away from hijiki). Given seaweed’s many nutritional benefits and relatively low pollutant levels, seaweed is probably not only a safe food but also one that is good for your health. Previous Ask Treehugger columns can be found here . Helen Suh MacIntosh is a professor in environmental health at Harvard University and studies how pollution behaves in the environment and how it affects people's health. Please keep in mind that her answers are just her interpretation of available information and should not be taken as the only viewpoint or solution to a problem. Use this column at your own risk. Having said this, please feel free to post any of your environmental health questions to helen@treehugger.com .


Erythrophobia is the irrational fear of?

Blushing Free | Erythrophobia : The Fear Of Blushing Erythrophobia : The Fear Of Blushing Our society if full of phobias. In fact you can pretty much guarantee     that there is a technical term for an irrational fear of just about anything.     Here is one you may not have been aware of, Erythrophobia: the fear of    blushing. Believe it or not, it isn't as uncommon as you would expect. Many people     in our society have a propensity to blush. Their nature to blush easily     comes from physical and mental factors. Mainly an overactive sympathetic     nervous system and a hypersensitive to the opinions of others. But, whatever the reason, the habit of blushing easily, combined with     being overly sensitive to the opinions of others causes the sufferer     to fear blushing. Every time they blush in public, they are more concerned     about how they looked while blushing rather then the event that caused     the blush. Similar to how someone with bad acne becomes extremely conscious about     how they look, someone with erythrophobia has become obsessed with the     color of skin on their face. Not blushing becomes a huge mental pre-occupation.     They fear blushing at an irrational level. Unfortunately people who don't suffer from this phobia can not understand     what the sufferers go through. Many would brush it off as you would arachnephobia     (fear of spiders), a nuisance but hardly that big a deal. Well to the sufferers it is a big deal. In fact it puts a shadow over     every aspect of your life. From family and friends to work and relationships.     In most cases, if the person didn't suffer from some form of social phobia     before, they soon do. Then the combination of erythrophobia and social phobia, usually leads     to depression and an overall sense of hopelessness. At this stage life     definitely starts to lose its appeal. Trying to talk to others who don't suffer from blushing problems is     mostly useless. Only other sufferers can understand. Hopefully more and     more people will become aware of this problem and as a result it will     lessen the stress and anxiety of people who blush easily. If it became as well understood as someone with an acne problem blushers     probably wouldn't feel so self conscious about it. So if you ever see     anyone blush frequently and intensely, don't think anything of it. It's     natural for them. If you don't care, it will help them not care. Click here if you have a blushing and want to     rid yourself of it


Who is Greek mythology was the goddess of the hearth?

HESTIA - Greek Goddess of Hearth & Home (Roman Vesta) Hestia Hestia, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., National Archaeological Museum of Tarquinia HESTIA was the virgin goddess of the hearth (both private and municipal) and the home. As the goddess of the family hearth she also presided over the cooking of bread and the preparation of the family meal. Hestia was also the goddess of the sacrificial flame and received a share of every sacrifice to the gods. The cooking of the communal feast of sacrificial meat was naturally a part of her domain. In myth Hestia was the first born child of Kronos (Cronus) and Rhea who was swallowed by her father at birth. Zeus later forced the old Titan to disgorge Hestia and her siblings. As the first to be swallowed she was also the last to be disgorged, and so was named as both the eldest and youngest of the six Kronides.  When the gods Apollon and Poseidon sought for her hand in marriage, Hestia refused and asked Zeus to let her remain an eternal virgin. He agreed and she took her place at his royal hearth. Hestia was depicted in Athenian vase painting as a modestly veiled woman sometimes holding a flowered branch (perhaps a chaste-tree). In classical sculpture she was also veiled, with a kettle as her attribute. FAMILY OF HESTIA PARENTS [1.1] KRONOS & RHEA (Hesiod Theogony 453, Apollodorus 1.4, Diodorus Sicululs 1.4. Hyginus Preface, Ovid Fasti 6.285) [1.2] KRONOS (Homeric Hymns 18 & 24) [1.3] RHEA (Pindar Nemean Ode 11) OFFSPRING NONE (She was a virgin goddess.) ENCYCLOPEDIA HE′STIA (Hestia, Ion. Histiê), the goddess of the hearth, or rather the fire burning on the hearth, was regarded as one of the twelve great gods, and accordingly as a daughter of Cronus and Rhea. According to the common tradition, she was the first-born daughter of Rhea, and was therefore the first of the children that was swallowed by Cronus. (Hes. Theog. 453, &c.; Hom. Hymn. in Ven. 22; Apollod. i. 1. § 5.) She was, like Artemis and Athena, a maiden divinity, and when Apollo and Poseidon sued for her hand, she swore by the head of Zeus to remain a virgin for ever (Hom. Hymn. in Ven. 24, &c.), and in this character it was that her sacrifices consisted of cows which were only one year old. The connection between Hestia and Apollo and Poseidon, which is thus alluded to in the legend, appears also in the temple of Delphi, where the three divinities were worshipped in common, and Hestia and Poseidon appeared together also at Olympia. (Paus. v. 26. § 26, x. 5. § 3; Hom. Hymn. xxxi. 2.) As the hearth was looked upon as the sacred centre of domestic life, so Hestia was the goddess of domestic life and the giver of all domestic happiness and blessings, and as such she was believed to dwell in the inner part of every house (Hom. Hymn. in Ven. 30; Callim. Hymn. in Del. 325, in Cer. 129), and to have invented the art of building houses. (Diod. v. 68; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 735.) In this respect she appears often together with Hermes, who was likewise a deus penetralis, as protecting the works of man. (Hom. Hymn. xxxii. 10: Paus. x. 11. § 3.) As the hearth of a house is at the same time the altar on which sacrifices are offered to the domestic gods (hestiouchoi or ephestioi), Hestia was looked upon as presiding at all sacrifices, and, as the goddess of the sacred fire of the altar, she had a share in the sacrifices in all the temples of the gods. (Hom. Hymn. in Ven. 31.) Hence when sacrifices were offered, she was invoked first, and the first part of the sacrifice was offered to her. (Hom. Hymn. xxxii. 5; Pind. Nem. xi. 5; Plat. Cratyl. p. 401, d. ; Paus. v. 14. § 5; Schol. ad Aristoph. Vesp. 842 ; Hesych. s. v. aph hestias archomenos.) Solemn oaths were sworn by the goddess of the hearth, and the hearth itself was the sacred asylum where suppliants implored the protection of the inhabitants of the house. (Hom. Od. xiv. 159; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1579.) A town or city is only an extended family, and therefore had likewise its sacred hearth, the symbol of an harmonious community of citizens and of a common worship. This public


Passer is a genus of small passerine birds in which bird family?

Passeridae | bird family | Britannica.com Passeridae bird family THIS ARTICLE IS A STUB. You can learn more about this topic in the related articles below. Similar Topics Passeridae, sparrow weaver family of small gregarious birds, based on the genus Passer, the well-known sparrows. In this work these birds are classified as a subfamily ( Passerinae) in the weaverfinch family (Ploceidae), order Passeriformes . Learn More in these related articles: Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: July 20, 1998 URL: https://www.britannica.com/animal/Passeridae Access Date: January 19, 2017 Share


Which American wit said 'The covers of this book are too far apart'?

English proverbs - Wikiquote English proverbs Every man thinks his own geese swans . First deserve, then desire . Proverbs are popularly defined as "short expressions of popular wisdom". Efforts to improve on the popular definition have not led to a more precise definition. The wisdom is in the form of a general observation about the world or a bit of advice, sometimes more nearly an attitude toward a situation. See also English proverbs (alphabetically by proverb) Contents Absent[ edit ] Absence makes the heart grow fonder. Mieder, Wolfgang; Kingsbury, Stewart A.; Harder, Kelsie B. (1992). A Dictionary of American Proverbs . Oxford University Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-19-505399-9 .   Long absent, soon forgotten. Actions speak louder than words. "Who cannot give good counsel? 'tis cheap, it cost them nothing." Robert Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy (1793) He who does not advance goes backwards. Strauss, Emanuel (1994). "495" . Concise Dictionary of European Proverbs. II. Routledge. p. 445. ISBN 978-1-136-78978-6 .   Advice [ edit ] Advice most needed is least heeded. Mieder, Wolfgang; Kingsbury, Stewart A.; Harder, Kelsie B. (1992). A Dictionary of American Proverbs . Oxford University Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-19-505399-9 .   Anchor[ edit ] Good riding at two anchors, men have told, for if the one fails, the other may hold. (Strauss, 1994 p. 879) One rotten apple will spoil the whole barrel. or One scabbed sheep mars the whole flock. "Evil spreads. One attractive bad example may be readily followed by others, eventually ruining a whole community." Source for meaning: Paczolay, Gyula (1997). "X" . European proverbs: in 55 languages, with equivalents in Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Chinese and Japanese. Veszprémi Nyomda. p. 292. ISBN 1-875943-44-7 .   Cf. Dan Michael of Northgate, Ayenbite of Inwyt (1340): "A rotten apple will spoil a great many sound ones." (Middle English: "A roted eppel amang þe holen: makeþ rotie þe yzounde."). An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Cf. Notes and Queries magazine, Feb. 24, 1866, p. 153: "Eat an apple on going to bed, // And you'll keep the doctor from earning his bread." [1] . Adapted to its current form in the 1900s as a marketing slogan used by American growers concerned that the temperance movement would cut into sales of apple cider. (Pollan, 2001 p.22) A rotten apple injures its companions. "This Proverb is apply'd to such Persons who being vicious themselves, labour to debauch those with whom they converse." - Divers Proverbs, Nathan Bailey, 1721 [2] An apple a day keeps the doctor away--if you have good aim. A humorous version of the nutritional exortation to maintain good health by eating fruit. Original source unknown. English equivalent: The best art conceals art. "Artistic excellence lies in making something that is subtle or intricate appear simple and streamlined." Source for meaning: Martin H. Manser (2007). The Facts on File Dictionary of Proverbs . Infobase Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-8160-6673-5 . Retrieved on 20 June 2013.   Don't make clothes for a not yet born baby. (Strauss 1994, p. 683) "One never rises so high as when one does not know where one is going." Oliver Cromwell to M. Bellièvre. Found in Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater. "Do not take the drastic step of abolishing or discarding something in its entirety when only part of it is unacceptable." Source for meaning: Martin H. Manser (2007). The Facts on File Dictionary of Proverbs . Infobase Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-8160-6673-5 . Retrieved on 25 August 2013.   Brown, James Kyle (2001). I Give God a Chance: Christian Spirituality from the Edgar Cayce Readings. Jim Brown. p. 8. ISBN 0759621705 .   Bad is the best choice. "Don't avoid the clichés - they are clichés because they work!" George Lucas to Marty Sklar , quoted in "The Imagineering Way: Ideas to Ignite your Creativity" (Disney Editions, 2003) Mawr, E.B. (1885). Analogous Proverbs in Ten Languages . p. 17.   A bad settlement is better than a good lawsuit . Filipp, M. R. (2005). Covenants Not to Compete, Aspen. Go


Who wrote the poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage?

Lord Byron’s Poems Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto I Summary and Analysis | GradeSaver Buy Study Guide The Preface to Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, published along with the poem, explains Byron’s intent in writing the poem and offers a defense of Childe Harold ’s seemingly un-chivalrous character despite his being a candidate for knighthood. Byron also insists that, while based on real events, the poem is in no way to be taken as autobiographical. Before undertaking the poem proper, Byron begins with the poem “To Ianthe ,” an ode invoking his personal muse, whose beauty will inspire him to put pen to paper and recount the beauties of the lands in which Childe Harold travels. Canto I begins with a more formal invocation of the Muse to inspire the poet to heights of poetic creativity. Stanzas 2-3 describe Childe Harold’s character, finding him wanting in the better qualities of manhood. Harold is “shameless” and “given to revel and ungodly glee”; additionally, he has undertaken “evil deeds” that haunt him with the threat of justice. In stanzas 4-6, Byron presents a discontented Harold, bored of his debauchery and ready for change. The poet notes that for one young lady in particular—the only woman whom Harold truly loved, yet whom he could never have—Harold’s desire to leave England in search of change is fortunate for her maiden heart. Prior to Childe Harold’s departure, he visits his family home to gather his belongings. The place is described as a “vast and venerable pile,” old and decrepit like the former honor of his family line. As he wanders through his ancestral mansion, Harold feels brief pangs of remorse at the memories he leaves behind (stanza 8) but soon shuts them off in favor of his departure. Stanza 9 describes how unloved and alone Harold truly is: his only companions are “flatt’rers” and “parasites” who remain with him only so long as the money, food, alcohol, and women are available. Finally, Harold makes an abrupt farewell before his feelings for his mother and sister cause him to rethink his journey. Stanza 11 describes what Harold leaves behind, “His house, his home, his heritage, his lands,” and all the women and wine that had so delighted him in the past. But these pleasures have grown stale to him, and he must move on. In stanza 12, we see how Harold responds to the rough seas he sets out upon. He nearly repents of his desire to flee England, but he nonetheless remains silent while others sit and weep at the storm-tossed ship’s chaos. Finally, the sea calms in stanza 13 and, when he thinks no one is listening, Childe Harold sings a song of “Farewell” to his native land. This song goes for ten stanzas, interrupting the poem proper but giving Harold his strongest voice in all of Canto I. Having said his goodbyes, Harold passes the rest of the journey quickly and soon arrives in Portugal. Stanza 15 describes the beauty of Portugal as seen from a distance, as well as its dangerous situation in relation to hostile, Napoleon-controlled France. Stanza 16 describes the political situation, with England a lax ally of Portugal in her struggle against the French. Once Harold enters Lisbon, however, the distant beauty turns into scenes of filth. Stanzas 17-19 describe the architectural, social, and human decay even as Harold finds beauty in its exotic squalor. Stanza 20 focuses on one particular site, “our Lady’s house of woe,” a convent with a rich history of faithful monks and punished criminals. Nearby are several crosses, and the poet notes that the proximity of the convent may lead the viewer to think they are holy shrines, but they are actually the grave-markers of victims who have been killed in the area. Stanzas 22-23 turn to the ruins of the landscape, conveying a tone of melancholy at the loss of glory throughout the land. Still, the speaker finds beauty in the desolation, if in no other sense than that they are monuments to former times. In stanzas 24-26, the poet turns his eye to the much-reviled Convention of Cintra, wherein the British authorities allowed captured French soldi


If you were in Japan eating simeji, what would you be eating?

Japanese Food Types | JapanVisitor Japan Travel Guide Bento A Japanese o-bento boxed meal A bento (or, more usually, the honorific o-bento) is a boxed meal for one person that typically contains a combination of rice, fish (and/or meat) and vegetables, including some pickled vegetables ( tsukemono ) such as umeboshi plums or slices of daikon radish. Although simple in concept, a bento can be very elaborate, with numerous o-kazu (as the various non-rice elements of the meal are known) and even decorative. Bento boxes are usually made of some form of plastic, but top-end traditional-style bentos boast a lacquered wooden box. A bento can be in a single box, or can often include tiers, sometimes up to three or four. A bento is traditionally wrapped in a patterned furoshiki cloth. The bento is an example of a revived Japanese tradition, as it had all but died out after World War Two but was brought back as a modern convenience with the rise of convenience stores and the microwave oven. And, indeed,the ben in bento is the kanji for "convenient." Ekiben are Japanese lunch boxes bought at railway stations and eaten on the train. Donburimono There are many different kinds of donburi (mono meaning "things") and friends like to call them don. Whether it's with tempura as ten-don, with chicken and egg as oyako-don (literally oya "parent" and ko "child") or katsu-don with a fried pork steak on top, the link is the deep bowl of rice underneath. All are great value because you can dine on just one dish. Taking value to an extreme is gyu-don, a bowl of rice topped with stewed beef and onions. The Yoshinoya chain has sparked a price war recently, bringing prices down to unheard of lows and cash-strapped students and salarymen crowd in at lunchtimes. If you're feeling hungry near a market or a fishing port, search out a restaurant serving seafood donburi such as uni-don (sea urchin roe donburi), ebi-don (shrimp donburi) or ikura-don (salmon roe donburi). These will be the places where the merchants and fishermen fill up. They wouldn't stand for anything less than the freshest and the best. Izakaya A jack-of-all-trades may be master of none but because izakaya serve a bit of everything, they are a good way to get acquainted with Japanese food and satisfy conflicting palates - as well as drink copious amounts of alcohol of course. In many ways they fill the same gap that the pub does in England or the bar in the US. Family run establishments can be like a home away from home for the local neighbourhood. Brashly lit chain izakaya in business districts and near railway stations are where salaried workers pile into to leave the day's stresses behind. Higher-end izakaya are your gastro-pub where the food takes centre stage. What links them all is an eclectic menu of foods that go well with sake or beer. Japanese favourites will always feature such as sashimi, tempura, noodles and all sorts of deep fried and grilled dishes. None however will be enough to fill you up. The idea is not so much a sit-down dinner as a sit-down drink with nibbles on the side. If you're very hungry, making a night of it at an izakaya can really add up. Best to stave off your hunger with beers and snacks and then stagger around looking for something filling and cheap later. Top of Page Kaiseki Often in Japan, the way things are done are just as important as the results. Kaiseki sums up that ethic in a meal. You are there to admire the elegance of the pottery and the attentive heights of formal Japanese hospitality as much as the food itself. Every dish served in what is often a ten-course meal is a celebration of the artistry and subtleties of nature. Not only every season but every month has a particular spirit to be expressed in the food. All senses are stimulated by kaiseki and if it's part of your stay in a ryokan, allow the combined experience to nourish both your body and soul. Largely vegetarian, though sometimes with fish and occasionally with meat, kaiseki is Japanese cuisine of the utmost freshness and delicacy. Everything will be prepared and presented with


In what part of the world would you find a Gamelan Orchestra?

Gong -- Percussion Instruments of the World By Megan Romer What are they?: Simply put, a gong is a metallic musical instrument that is played by striking with a mallet. There are two main types of gongs. The suspended gong is generally a flat sheet of metal (bronze, typically) that is hung in the air vertically. It is not tuned to a specific pitch, and thus makes a loud, multi-toned "crash" when played. The bossed or button gong is common in gamelan ensembles, among other places. Button gongs have a raised center point and are tuned to a specific note. They are usually played horizontally. Gongs can range in size from just a few inches to several feet in diameter. Where do they come from?: Gongs are traditionally found throughout East and Southeast Asia, most prominently in China and throughout Indonesia . The significance of the gong: Gongs are used both for religious ceremonial purposes and for making music throughout Asia. They play an important role in the aforementioned gamelan orchestra, as well as Chinese opera , and they are commonly used in Taoist and Buddhist Meditation , among other religions, and gongs are used to call the Gods in some animist tradditions. continue reading below our video Great Singers Gone too Soon Some cultures believe that the instruments themselves harbor spirits. Gongs also serve a practical purpose, and are used to sound arrivals, signal celebrations, call people to gather, mark certain hours of a day, and myriad other occasions in which a loud noise could prove useful. The Tam-Tam: The most common type of gong, from a Western perspective, is the loud, crashing Chinese tam-tam or chau gong. The tam-tam is a standard part of the percussion section of a Western classical symphony orchestra , and is also well-known to game show fans from the Chuck Barris-hosted program The Gong Show . The gong has been used as a sound effect and a musical element in a number of movies, TV shows, and musical recordings, as well. Buy a gong: Paiste Full-Size Symphonic Gong (Tam-Tam) - Compare Prices Zildjian 12-Inch Gong With Mallet (Suspended Gong) - Compare Prices Wuhan 12-Inch Bao Gong (Bossed Gong) - Compare Prices


Rigel and Betelgeuse are two stars in which constellation?

A Tale of Two Stars: The Inside Story of Orion's Belt A Tale of Two Stars: The Inside Story of Orion's Belt By Joe Rao, SPACE.com Skywatching Columnist | February 14, 2012 02:43pm ET MORE Orion is the brightest and most beautiful of the winter constellations. Some of its stars, including Betelgeuse and Rigel, are among the brightest stars. Credit: Starry Night Software Standing upright and shining down upon Earth on these midwinter nights is the brightest and grandest of all the constellations: Orion, the Mighty Hunter.  Currently, Orion can be easily seen by skywatchers with clear weather as a star pattern standing high in the southern sky at around 8 p.m. local time. Three bright stars in line in the middle of a bright rectangle decorate Orion's belt , which points northward to the clusters of the Hyades and Pleiades of Taurus, and southward to the Dog Star, Sirius. Above and below the belt, we also find two immense stars, Rigel and Betelgeuse .  Rigel (the "Left Leg of the Giant"), is a blue-white supergiant star, one of the rarest breeds in our galaxy.  But with their enormous brilliance — up to 100,000 times as bright as the sun — blue-white supergiants remain conspicuous over great distances. In contrast, red supergiants like Betelgeuse ("The Armpit of the Giant") are gigantic bloated globes of cooler gas. If such a star were to replace the sun in the solar system, it might extend beyond Mars' orbit. [ Gallery: The Splendor of the Orion Nebula ]   Star at its prime Rigel is one of the most intrinsically luminous of all stars and one of the hottest, apparently just reaching the prime of its life in the time span of a star and literally "burning the candle at both ends." It has been computed that Rigel's luminosity is something like 57,000 times that of the sun. The star is about 773 light-years away.  In stark contrast, bright red Betelgeuse is near the end of its career . It is located 522 light-years away, but does not shine with a steady light.  Betelgeuse is a "pulsating" star , expanding and contracting spasmodically with a diameter that varies from 550 to 920 times that of the sun, but so irregular are these pulsations that no one can predict exactly when it will expand or contract. In trying to describe Betelgeuse many years ago, Henry Neely, a lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium, once noted that it is "like an old man with his strength almost entirely spent, panting in the asthmatic decrepitude of old age." Stars produce their energy by fusing hydrogen into helium deep within their cores. When a star accumulates sufficient helium in its core, its energy output increases significantly, and it swells into a red giant or supergiant, like Betelgeuse. This is what Rigel will become in a few million years. In such stars, the core produces successively heavier elements to balance the incessant crush of gravity. But once the core begins creating iron, a star's days are numbered; the formation of elements heavier than iron consumes rather than produces energy. Eventually, since the core can no longer support the star's vast weight, it collapses, triggering a cataclysmic supernova explosion. Betelgeuse is in its final stage and could explode in only a few million years.   Skywatcher Per-Magnus Heden wondered if the Vikings gazed at the same starry sky, which includes the constellation Orion at bottom, when he took this photo in Feb. 2011. Credit: P-M Hedén/TWAN


King Edward III founded this premier order in about 1349, what is it called?

Edward III | king of England | Britannica.com king of England Alternative Title: Edward of Windsor Edward III Henry, 1st duke and 4th earl of Lancaster Edward III, byname Edward of Windsor (born November 13, 1312, Windsor , Berkshire , England—died June 21, 1377, Sheen, Surrey), king of England from 1327 to 1377, who led England into the Hundred Years’ War with France. The descendants of his seven sons and five daughters contested the throne for generations, climaxing in the Wars of the Roses (1455–85). Edward III, watercolour, 15th century; in the British Library (Cotton MS. Julius E. IV). By permission of the British Library Early years The eldest son of Edward II and Isabella of France , Edward III was summoned to Parliament as earl of Chester (1320) and was made duke of Aquitaine (1325), but, contrary to tradition, he never received the title of prince of Wales. Edward III grew up amid struggles between his father and a number of barons who were attempting to limit the king’s power and to strengthen their own role in governing England. His mother, repelled by her husband’s treatment of the nobles and disaffected by the confiscation of her English estates by his supporters, played an important role in this conflict. In 1325 she left England to return to France to intervene in the dispute between her brother, Charles IV of France, and her husband over the latter’s French possessions, Guyenne , Gascony , and Ponthieu. She was successful; the land was secured for England on condition that the English king pay homage to Charles. This was performed on the king’s behalf by his young son. United Kingdom: Edward III (1327–77) The heir apparent was secure at his mother’s side. With Roger Mortimer , an influential baron who had escaped to France in 1323 and had become her lover, Isabella now began preparations to invade England to depose her husband. To raise funds for this enterprise, Edward III was betrothed to Philippa , daughter of William, count of Hainaut and Holland. Within five months of their invasion of England, the queen and the nobles, who had much popular support, overpowered the king’s forces. Edward II, charged with incompetence and breaking his coronation oath, was forced to resign, and on January 29, 1327, Edward III, aged 14, was crowned king of England. During the next four years Isabella and Mortimer governed in his name, though nominally his guardian was Henry, earl of Lancaster . In the summer of 1327 he took part in an abortive campaign against the Scots, which resulted in the Treaty of Northampton (1328), making Scotland an independent realm. Edward was deeply troubled by the settlement and signed it only after much persuasion by Isabella and Mortimer. He married Philippa at York on January 24, 1328. Soon afterward Edward made a successful effort to throw off his degrading dependence on his mother and Mortimer. While a council was being held at Nottingham, he entered the castle by night, through a subterranean passage, took Mortimer prisoner, and had him executed (November 1330). Edward had discreetly ignored his mother’s liaison with Mortimer and treated her with every respect, but her political influence was at an end. Britannica Stories Cheetahs Face Extinction Risk Edward III now began to rule as well as to reign. Young, ardent , and active, he sought to remake England into the powerful nation it had been under Edward I . He still resented the concession of independence made to Scotland by the Treaty of Northampton. The death of Robert I , the Bruce, king of Scotland, in 1329 gave him a chance of retrieving his position. The new king of Scots, his brother-in-law, David II , was a mere boy, and Edward took advantage of his weakness to aid the Scottish barons who had been exiled by Bruce to place their leader, Edward Balliol, on the Scottish throne. David II fled to France, but Balliol was despised as a puppet of the English king, and David returned in 1341. Hundred Years’ War Structures of Government: Fact or Fiction? During the 1330s England gradually drifted into a state of hostility with France , f


It was known as Tsaritsyn, then Stalingrad and in 1962 its name was changed to what?

Home » Sights » Volgograd, Russia Volgograd, Russia Volgograd is truly the city where the outcome of the second World War was decided. The city is located on the west banks of the Volga River. It received its name in 1961, literally meaning "Volga City". During the Soviet Era it was known as Stalingrad, but no matter what it is called, it is known worldwide for a victory that changed the course of World War II, it earned the title "Hero City" due to the defeat of the Germans in the infamous Battle of Stalingrad.. This link to world history is the most fascinating reason to experience Volgograd. Founded in the late 16th century, Volgograd has been known by many names. Originally Tsaritsyn, then Stalingrad, then back to Volgograd, it has a history as turbulent as its name changes. It earned its first name due to its location at the confluence of the Tsaritsa and Volga rivers. It was founded as a fortress before being transformed into a popular trading outpost. During its life as a fortress the city experienced numerous uprisings, revolts, and skirmishes, a constant source of attack thanks to its prime standing on the Volga. This history of battle was perhaps a foreshadowing of things to come. During World War II, Hitler and Mussolini targeted Volgograd because of its industrial power, oil fields, and important transportation routes. The battle that resulted (the Battle of Stalingrad) became a turning point in World War II, being one of the biggest victories over Axis troops on land and the first German defeat publicly announced on German radios. With the help of the fierce Russian winter which caused freezing and starvation as supplies dwindled, the Nazi troops were overpowered by the Soviets. The general in charge, Friedrich Paulus, surrendered to save his troops despite Hitler's orders to fight until death. Paulus became the highest ranking German officer ever to be captured and eventually defected to Moscow. Nearly two million casualties came during this intense land battle, earning it the title of World War II's bloodiest battle and arguably the deadliest in history. The victory in the Battle of Stalingrad defines Volgograd. The entire city is a historical sight and a war memorial, the pride of its citizens in the bravery of their countrymen can be felt in every building, monument, and relic. One of the most popular attractions is the Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex, a hill overlooking Volgograd. This hill experienced some of the most intense parts of the battle due to its strategic ability to have control over the town. The entire city is a living testimony to one of the darkest times in Russia's history. From that darkness, though, rose incredible good, and it is that good that is celebrated in every corner of Volgograd. Atop Mamayev Kurgan you will find a beautiful war memorial with an eternal flame and ruined walls from the actual battle. Though there are many museums and monuments in Volgograd, one can't-miss site is the majestic allegorical statue of Mother Russia. 82 meters (279 feet) tall, it stands atop the Mamayev Kurgan. In 1967, when The Motherland Calls was built, it was the tallest sculpture in the world. Two hundred steps leading to the foot of the monument symbolize the 200 days of the Battle of Stalingrad. You are here


What is the brightest star in the northern hemisphere of the sky?

Sirius is Dog Star and brightest star | Brightest Stars | EarthSky Sirius is Dog Star and brightest star By Deborah Byrd in Brightest Stars | Science Wire | February 10, 2016 Sirius – in the constellation Canis Major the Greater Dog – is the sky’s brightest star.  It’s very easy to spot on winter and spring evenings. The star Sirius and the nearby star cluster M41 caught on January 2, 2016 in Weatherly, Pennsylvania. Photo by Tom Wildoner at LeisurelyScientist.com The brightest star visible from any part of Earth is Sirius in the constellation Canis Major the Greater Dog. Sirius is sometimes called the Dog Star. Follow the links below to learn more about Sirius, the Dog Star and brightest star. The Greater Dog looking super cute in this photo Tom Wildoner ! Brightest star is Sirius. Orion’s Belt points to Sirius How to see Sirius. Most people in the Northern Hemisphere notice Sirius in the southeast – south – or southwest on evenings from winter to mid-spring. February evenings are a grand time to see it. It’s also fun to spot Sirius as it ascends in the east before dawn on late summer mornings. Whenever you see Sirius, you’ll recognize it easily because it is our sky’s brightest star. Although white to blue white in color, Sirius might be called a rainbow star, as it often flickers with many colors. The brightness, twinkling and color changes sometimes prompt first-time observers to report Sirius as a UFO. But these changes have nothing to do with Sirius. Rather, they are what happens when such a bright star as Sirius shines through the blanket of Earth’s atmosphere. The light from Sirius, which often appears fairly low in the sky from the mid-north latitudes, passes through a long column of air before it reaches our eyes. Changes in density and temperature of this air affect the light and cause the flickering and shimmering we see when we gaze at this star. This happens for other stars, too, but it is more noticeable for Sirius because it is so bright, and because it appears low in the sky. From the mid-northern latitudes such as most of the U.S., Sirius rises in the southeast, arcs across the southern sky, and sets in the southwest. In December, you’ll find Sirius rising in mid-evening. By mid-April, Sirius is setting in the southwest in mid-evening. Sirius is always easy to find. It’s the sky’s brightest star! Plus, anyone familiar with the constellation Orion can simply draw a line through Orion’s Belt, to the left. This line will point to Sirius, which is roughly 8 times as far from the Belt as the Belt is wide. The Egyptian god Osiris History and mythology of Sirius. Sirius is also well known as the Dog Star, because it is the chief star in the constellation Canis Major, the Big Dog. Have you ever heard anyone speak of the dog days of summer? Sirius is behind the sun as seen from Earth in Northern Hemisphere summer. In late summer, it appears in the east before sunrise – near the sun in our sky. The early stargazers might have imagined that the double-whammy of Sirius and the sun caused the hot weather, or dog days. Sirius has been known since ancient times, and its name signified its nature as “scorching” or “sparkling.” It was associated with the Egyptian god Osiris and other gods. Ancient Egyptians noted that Sirius rose just before the sun each year immediately prior to the annual flooding of the Nile River. Although the floods could bring destruction, they also brought new soil and new life. Fittingly, Osiris, whom Sirius may have represented, was a god of life, death, fertility and rebirth of plant life along the Nile. In India, Sirius is sometimes known as Svana, the dog of Prince Yudhistira. The prince and his four brothers, along with Svana, set out on a long and arduous journey to find the kingdom of heaven. However, one by one the brothers all abandoned the search until only Yudhistira and Svana were left. At long last they came to the gates of heaven. The gatekeeper, Lord Indra, welcomed the prince but denied Svana entrance. Yudhistira was aghast and told Lord Indra that he could not forsake his good


Rick Allen is the one armed drummer of which English rock band?

29 Years Ago: Def Leppard's Rick Allen Makes An Amazing Comeback REDDIT Dave Hogan, Getty Images The only thing more awe inspiring than Rick Allen’s physical recovery from a car accident that left him with one arm is the way that the Def Leppard drummer overcame immeasurable mental anguish in order to return to the stage on Aug. 16, 1986. Allen never allowed himself the time to roll around in self-pity. Today, he is trying to teach others — including wounded war veterans — how to overcome the obstacles along their path to recovery. It happened on New Year’s Eve, 1984. Allen was speeding along a country road near Sheffield, England. He misjudged an approaching turn and drove his Corvette through a stone wall into a field. The car flipped several times, eventually ejecting him from the driver’s seat. Allen and his girlfriend were wearing seat belts, but he says that his wasn’t properly fastened. “I left the car and landed in a field, and I think my arm was left in the car,” Allen told the BBC’s ‘ Fighting Back ‘ in 1992. He doesn’t remember any of this; shock has a way of protecting a man from flashbacks. Ironically, going into shock may have saved his life as he says it prevented massive blood loss. A midwife who lived nearby was amongst the first to arrive on the scene, and she packed his arm in ice. Doctors re-attached the left arm, but it had to be removed after gangrene set in. Allen says he was never stung with the sudden realization that he wouldn’t drum again. “My mind and my body let me in on this whole thing very gradually,” he says. “It wasn’t something that just hit me, ‘Oh, my arm’s gone.’ It was over a two or three week period that I actually realized that the whole thing was gone.” His brother brought a stereo into his hospital room to lift his spirits. At first, this gesture backfired. The music was only a reminder of what he’d once been able to do. Allen joined Def Leppard at age 15, and now, six years later, sat facing uncertainty at best. One arm was gone; the other was badly broken. The self-defeatism didn’t last long. “In order to keep me from sliding down the bed they put this huge piece of foam at the bottom of the bed, which I could sort of press my feet on and push myself up if I needed to,” Allen said. “After listening to music for a few days, I realized I could still play quite a lot of the parts from some of my favorite songs just using my feet.” He continued, “I think that’s one of the things that really helped me is I didn’t give myself very much down time. I never gave myself any sort of time to ‘recover.’ From a mental point of view, I thought it was because I threw myself straight back into work again. And from a work point of view, yeah, I was proving to the rest of the guys in the band that I could do it.” Twenty months later, Rick Allen took the stage for the first time since the accident. There was no easing back into the routine. His first gig was at the ‘Monsters of Rock’ festival at Castle Donington. The crowd welcomed him back with an enthusiasm that throughout the years has caused him to tear up. Perhaps frontman Joe Elliot best sums up what Allen has accomplished. “Most of the time, I’ve got my back to him, so consequently I’m only ever hearing him,” he said in a band promotional video. “And I forget. He does a great job and one arm, three arms, two arms, who cares you know?” Watch Rick Allen demonstrate his drum style “You can’t really consult the book of one-armed drummers you know,” Allen says in the same interview. In an interview with Ultimate Classic Rock, he admits his style changed dramatically. “[it’s] a little more deliberate. My left leg is not as accurate as my left hand but over the years, the learning curve has pushed me in a direction that is really cool. I think these days, what I’ve really emphasized is celebrating my uniqueness and the fact that I can do things that other people can’t necessarily do.” Clearly the comeback worked. The ‘ Hysteria ‘ album the band was working on pre-crash went on to sell over 20 million copies worldwide. More importantly, Allen disc


The Lupercal is a cave at the foot of which hill in Rome?

The Lupercale (cave) - Rome World / Italy / Lazio / Rome World              / Italy              / Lazio              / Roma  temple, monument, ruins, cave, Roman Empire, grotto From Wikipedia: The Lupercal ("lupa", Latin for she-wolf) is a cave at the foot of the Palatine Hill in Rome, between the Temple of Apollo Palatinus and the Basilica of Santa Anastasia. In the legend of Rome's foundation, Romulus and Remus were found there by the lactating female wolf who suckled them until they were found by Faustulus. The priests of Lupercus later celebrated certain ceremonies of the Lupercalia there; from the late years of the Republic till A.D. 494, when the practice was ended by Pope Gelasius I. In January 2007 Italian archaeologist Irene Iacopi announced that she had probably found the legendary cave beneath the remains of Emperor Augustus's house, the Domus Livia, on the Palatine. Archaeologists came across the 15-meter-deep cavity while working to restore the decaying palace. On 20 November 2007 the first set of photos were released showing the vault of the cave which is encrusted with colourful mosaics, pumice stones and seashells. The center of the ceiling features a depiction of a white eagle, the symbol of the Roman Empire during the reign of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Archaeologists are still searching for the entrance of the grotto. Its location below Augustus' residence is thought to be significant; Octavian, before he became Augustus, had considered taking the name Romulus to indicate that he intended to found Rome anew.


A duathlon consists of two sports -name one.

Duathlon the Sport Home > Sports > List > Duathlon Duathlon Duathlon is an event in athletics which consists of running and cycling. The format is similar to triathlon, running first, then cycling, then running again. The governing body for this athletic event is the International Triathlon Union. The cycling and running parts should be done simultaneously by a team which consists of a predetermined number of participants. Only one should run, the rest of the team should be cycling. The members of the team should be together at any given point, exchange of tasks within the members is allowed. One of the oldest duathlon events is the 100km-Duathlon which is organized in Dresden,  Germany. The largest organized duathlon was the one held at Richmond Park, Surrey in 2005, around 2,500 people participated. The race consisted of a 10-kilometer run, 20-kilometer cycling, and 5-kilometer run. The most popular duathlon is the Powerman Zofingen which is organized in Switzerland. It consists of a hilly 10-kilometer run, a hilly 150-kilometer bike ride, and the 30-kilometer two loop trail run. Share:


What is the term for the change of a vowel sound in German and the diacritical mark which indicates it?

Horne Translations: Accents and other diacritical marks in English Accents and other diacritical marks in English Scott Horne 24 June 2004 Accurate and thorough information on the diacritical marks (or diacritics) used in English can be difficult to obtain. Schools in English-speaking countries tend to ignore the subject entirely; manuals of style may discuss diacritical marks only in the context of the typesetting of foreign languages. As a result, many people do not know how to use these signs or even how to interpret them when they see them. This article attempts to fill the void with a comprehensive treatment on the use of diacritical marks in English. Historical overview The earliest alphabets had no diacritical apparatus. Like most scripts, they failed to make some significant phonetic distinctions. Greek, for example, did not notate the phoneme [h] or tonic accent; it also neglected vowel quantity in all but two pairs of vowels.  Latin, whose script is ultimately of Greek origin, likewise did not distinguish long and short vowels orthographically. On the whole, the ambiguities that resulted from these deficiencies were only a minor inconvenience and did not usually result in confusion. As the languages changed, some of these ambiguities became more acutely felt. Greek developed three accent marksï¿½the acute, the circumflex, and the graveï¿½for its two varieties of tonic accent (the grave indicated suppression of accent). Originally optional and uncommon, these and other marks came to be essential to the spelling of the language. In Latin, various devices to indicate long vowels were sporadically employed, such as doubling the vowel letter or drawing the letter I especially tall. A mark called the apex, which resembled an acute accent (ï¿½), was sometimes written over a long vowel. These devices were all very uncommon, and none of them persisted. Writing is conservative; speech, however, is not. Greek still uses exactly the same alphabet that it used two thousand years ago, and most of the languages that use the Latin script have added only the letters J (a variant of I) and U and W (both developed from V) to the alphabet used by the Romans. The tendency was thus to retain the existing set of letters even as phonetic developments created new demands on the writing system. For example, e in French came to represent both [e] and [ə], sounds that both happen to be very common at the ends of words. To resolve the many ambiguities, the acute accent (ï¿½) was borrowed from Greek for the sound [e]. Subsequently the other two Greek accent marks were borrowed into French for other purposes. Italian and Spanish used these accents to indicate stress, a purpose more akin to their use in Greek. Scribes used a variety of abbreviations to save paper and effort. Especially common was the writing of one letter above another, often in streamlined form. An n written above another n became the Spanish tilde (~). A z added below a c to indicate its pronunciation became the cedilla (ï¿½) (literally ‘little z’). In German, an e above a vowel developed into the umlaut (ï¿½). These various characters, along with the accent marks, are collectively termed diacritical marks. (English speakers often loosely refer to all diacritical marks as “accent marks”; however, the latter term properly refers only to the three Greek accent marks, which did represent accent [vocal inflection], and their Latin descendants.) A Latin-based writing system was developed for Old English. The earliest surviving records are from the last few years of the seventh century CE. Needing some extra letters for sounds unknown in Latin, the scribes created ï¿½ (ash, a ligature of a and e) and ï¿½ (edh, a modified d) and borrowed ï¿½ (thorn) and ƿ (wynn) from the extant runic script. As in Latin, vowel quantity was not indicated, although a few manuscripts with diacritical marks for quantity exist. This functional script served the language well. After the Norman Conquest, however, French scribes squeezed it into a more Latinate mould, replacing ï¿½ with a and ƿ with w (


"Created by John Lawson Johnston ""Johnston's Fluid Beef' was renamed what?"

What Is Bovril? | eHow What Is Bovril?  Email Save Bovril is a popular British beef extract that can be used for flavoring or to make a beef-flavored drink. It has been around since the 1870s and rose in popularity, because of strong advertising and a general love for the product, which was found during a brief period when Bovril went vegetarian to the disdain of many fans. Origin In 1871, Napoleon III ordered canned beef for his troops, who needed the protein during marches against the Prussians. This led to the invention of John Lawson Johnston's "Johnston's Fluid Beef," which was renamed Bovril in 1886. Identification Bovril is a thick and salty meat extract, dark in color, sold in a distinctive, rounded jar. It comes in various flavors, such as beef and chicken. Function Bovril is often used to flavor soups and stews. It can also be spread on bread as a flavoring or mixed with hot water to make a drink. Protein Original beef Bovril is a great source of protein, which is why it was originally used by soldiers and explorers who needed the energy quickly. Football Bovril is most closely connected to British football culture, because many athletes would consume it for energy purposes beginning in 1909.


The Battle of Ligny, June 1815 was which man's final military victory?

Battle of Ligny | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Main article: Hundred Days On 13 March 1815, six days before Napoleon reached Paris, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared him an outlaw; four days later, the United Kingdom , Russia , Austria , and Prussia bound themselves to put 150,000 men each into the field to end his rule. Napoleon knew that, once his attempts at dissuading one or more of the Seventh Coalition Allies from invading France had failed, his only chance of remaining in power was to attack before the Coalition could put together an overwhelming force. If he could destroy the existing Coalition forces south of Brussels before they were reinforced, he might be able to drive the British back to the sea and knock the Prussians out of the war. The Duke of Wellington expected Napoleon to try to envelop the Coalition armies, a manoeuvre that he had successfully used many times before, [4] by moving through Mons to the south-west of Brussels. The roads to Mons were paved, which would have enabled a rapid flank march. This would have cut Wellington's communications with his base at Ostend, but would also have pushed his army closer to Blücher's. In fact, Napoleon planned instead to divide the two Coalition armies and defeat them separately, and he encouraged Wellington's misapprehension with false intelligence. Moving up to the frontier without alerting the Coalition, Napoleon divided his army into a left wing, commanded by Marshal Ney , a right wing commanded by Marshal Grouchy , and a reserve, which he commanded personally (although all three elements remained close enough to support one another). Crossing the frontier at Thuin near Charleroi before dawn on 15 June, the French rapidly overran Coalition outposts and secured Napoleon's favoured "central position" – at the junction between the area where Wellington's allied army was dispersed to his north-west, and Blücher's Prussian army to the north-east. Only very late on the night of 15 June was Wellington certain that the Charleroi attack was the main French thrust, and he duly ordered his army to deploy near Nivelles and Quatre Bras . Early on the morning of 16 June, at the Duchess of Richmond's ball , on receiving a dispatch from the Prince of Orange , he was shocked by the speed of Napoleon's advance, and hastily sent his army in the direction of Quatre Bras, where the Prince of Orange, with the brigade of Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar , was holding a tenuous position against the French left, commanded by Marshal Ney. [5] Ney's orders were to secure the crossroads of Quatre Bras, so that if necessary, he could later swing east and reinforce Napoleon. As Napoleon considered the concentrated Prussian army the greater threat, he moved against them first. Lieutenant-General Zieten's I Corps rearguard action on 15 June held up the French advance, giving Blücher the opportunity to concentrate his forces in the Sombreffe position, which had been selected earlier for its good defensive attributes. Napoleon's original plan for 16 June was based on the assumption that the Coalition forces, who had been caught napping, would not attempt a risky forward concentration; and he intended therefore to push an advanced guard as far as Gembloux, for the purpose of feeling for and warding off Blücher. To assist this operation the reserve would move at first to Fleurus to reinforce Grouchy, should he need assistance in driving back Blücher's troops; but, once in possession of Sombreffe, Napoleon would swing the reserve westwards and join Ney, who, it was supposed, would have in the meantime mastered Quatre Bras. [6] In pursuance of this object Ney, to whom III Cavalry Corps ( Kellermann ) was now attached, was to mass at Quatre Bras and push an advanced guard 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northward of that place, with a connecting division at Marbais to link him with Grouchy. The centre and left wing together would then make a night-march to Brussels. The Coalition forces would thus be irremediably sundered, and all that remained would be to destroy them in detail. N


The Democratic Republic of the Congo was previously known as what?

About Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever| Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC Ebola Virus Ecology and Transmission Ebola, previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees). Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family Filoviridae , genus Ebolavirus. There are five identified Ebola virus species, four of which are known to cause disease in humans: Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus, formerly Côte d’Ivoire ebolavirus); and Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus). The fifth, Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus), has caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in humans. Ebola viruses are found in several African countries. Ebola was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since then, outbreaks have appeared sporadically in Africa. The natural reservoir host of Ebola virus remains unknown. However, on the basis of evidence and the nature of similar viruses, researchers believe that the virus is animal-borne and that bats are the most likely reservoir. Four of the five virus strains occur in an animal host native to Africa. People get Ebola through direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes in, for example, the eyes, nose, or mouth) with blood or body fluids (including but not limited to urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen) of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola, objects (like needles and syringes) that have been contaminated with body fluids from a person who is sick with Ebola or the body of a person who has died from Ebola, infected fruit bats or primates (apes and monkeys), and possibly from contact with semen from a man who has recovered from Ebola (for example, by having oral, vaginal, or anal sex) Related Links


The Architect Clough Williams-Ellis designed which Welsh village?

This home designed by the man who created Portmeirion village is up for sale - Wales Online Lifestyle This home designed by the man who created Portmeirion village is up for sale Sir Clough Williams-Ellis' designed this 1926 home which has gone on the market after extensive renovations and extensions but it still retains original features that pay homage to the architect's arts and crafts design style  Share Click to playTap to play The video will start in 8Cancel Play now Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email An impressive home designed by Sir Clough Williams-Ellis, the inspirational creator of the Italianate village Portmeirion in North Wales, is now for sale. Mardir, was built by the renowed and highly regarded architect in 1926 and still retains many of its original features including fireplaces, coving and picture rails. Original features are now protected by the Grade II listing It was the current owner's attention to detail and insistence that features be retained during the recent restoration that has led to the property's Grade II listed status in 2010 according to British Listed Buildings. Mardir's situation at the top of a rise means the views are something special A long drive and large gates always gives a visitor a fantastic first impression - welcome Mardir is situated near Porthmadog and has 0.9 acres of beautiful and peaceful garden with stunning views overlooking the Dwyryd Estuary and Rhinog mountain range beyond. See this sweeping view and try not to say 'Wow!' Over the past few years the property has undergone an extensive yet sympathetic restoration which has, of course, been architecturally led to ensure that the strong influence of Clough's classical work was retained, restored and continued within the new extension. The new wing is designed to fit seamlessly into the flow of the older property The restoration project included all the unseen but vital work that the property required, including roof insulation, damp course, rewiring and re-plumbing where needed and new central heating. In fact, the home now has three separate boilers so that the heat in all parts of the spacious property can be regulated. That's attention to detail. The new wing of the house contains a large living room making the most of the spectacular views. The substantial feature slate fireplace houses an impressive multi-fuel log burner that will keep the large room cosy and warm when needed. Even with snow storms outside there's no chance of being cold in the lounge with this beauty throwing out its heat This large reception area is now perfect for entertaining, holding dinner parties or just relaxing in front of the fire. It's an addition that makes this historic home now ideal for modern living. The room leads into the spacious new contemporary kitchen, so even the cook can join in with the conversation. Lounge about, eat in style or just day dream out of the window - the new reception room is multi-functional as well as stylish A luxury kitchen that deserves to produce more than just beans on toast but this depends on the cook Luxury features of the new kitchen include granite work surfaces, American white oak flooring and under floor heating that is found throughout the new wing. Pretty in pink but the decor is not the eye-catching feature - look at that view from the bed... Art Deco touches such as the mirror and tiles pay homage to the age and history of the house The new extension continues on the first floor with a very spacious master-suite that includes an en-suite bathroom and numerous views to admire through many windows - fabulous. In total the property has five bedrooms to choose from, three of which are en-suite, plus a family bathroom. Architect Sir Clough Williams-Ellis at Portmeirion - his Italian style designed Welsh village Just when you think that this amazing property can't give any more, it has the potential to provide the new owners with an income. The extensive renovation project included the attached former s