Which boxer bit both of Evander Holyfield's ears in a fight for the WBA World Heavyweight Championship on 28 June 1997?

June 28, 1997: Mike Tyson bites off chunk of Evander Holyfield’s ear in world title fight - BT   June 28, 1997: Mike Tyson bites off chunk of Evander Holyfield’s ear in world title fight Controversial boxer Mike Tyson shocked the boxing world when he bit heavyweight champion Holyfield on both ears during their WBA title fight in Las Vegas.   Print this story In what was to become arguably the most notorious and bizarre moment in boxing history, ‘Iron’ Mike Tyson bit a one-inch chunk from the right ear of his opponent, WBA world heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield, in the third round of their title fight in Las Vegas. To compound matters, after the fight resumed following a warning to Tyson, the former undisputed champion sank his teeth into Holyfield’s left ear, once again drawing blood, and leaving referee Mills Lane with no option but to disqualify him. The two men had fought for the first time seven months earlier, with underdog Holyfield wresting Tyson’s WBA crown from him with an impressive and dominant performance, stopping the New Yorker in the 11th round. In that fight, a headbutt by Holyfield, ruled accidental, had opened up a cut on Tyson’s eye and upset the shorter boxer, but after the bout Tyson told his vanquisher: “I have the greatest respect for you.” Despite this, Tyson’s camp had demanded a different referee for the rematch to ameliorate against what they felt was illegal use of the head by Holyfield.  In the second round of their rematch, another clash of heads again opened a cut above Tyson’s eye, clearly enraging him. As he came out for the third round, Holyfield was the first to notice that his opponent was not wearing his gumshield. Referee Lane sent Tyson back to his corner to retrieve it, but with 40 seconds of the round remaining the challenger would spit it out and launch his assault on Holyfield’s ear. Tyson was docked two points from his scorecard, but would then take a second bite at the champion and was disqualified. In a rage, he would try to attack Holyfield and his trainer in their corner (pictured above) but was prevented from doing so. On his way from the ring, Tyson would also attempt to attack a spectator who threw a bottle of water at him, before being restrained. The former champion would have his boxing license revoked, and would be fined $3 million plus legal costs as a result of his actions. What did you make of the ‘Bite Fight’? Was Tyson lucky to box again afterwards?  Let us know in the Comments section below. Tyson vs Holyfield – Did you know? Mike Tyson had been discovered by legendary boxing trainer Cus D’Amato, who became his legal guardian on the death of Tyson’s mother when he was 16. The young man made his professional debut two years later, and won his first 19 fights by knockout. He won the World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight title by knocking out Trevor Berbick in 1986 when he was just 20 years and four months old, making him the youngest world heavyweight champion ever. Tyson was tried and convicted of rape in 1992 and served three years of a six-year sentence, during which time he converted to Islam. Former Olympic bronze medallist Evander Holyfield won the undisputed world heavyweight title in 1990 by beating James ‘Buster’ Douglas – the man who had handed Tyson his first professional defeat. Holyfield was due to fight Tyson in late 1991, but the latter withdrew with a rib injury. After his incarceration, Tyson had defeated Frank Bruno to win the WBC title, but had relinquished the belt and taken the WBA title from Bruce Seldon before meeting Holyfield. After the second fight between the two, Tyson and his corner would claim his actions were in retaliation to Holyfield’s unpunished headbutts.  Though his license was revoked ‘permanently’, it would be returned to him a year later after an appeal. Holyfield claimed to have forgiven Tyson immediately, but Tyson would formally apologise on the Oprah Winfrey Show in 2009. The men are now friends, and Tyson introduced Holyfield when the latter was inducted into the Nevada Boxing Hall of Fame in 2014.


"According to a musical by Gilbert and Sullivan, whose ""lot is not a happy one""?"

Gilbert and Sullivan (Creator) - TV Tropes Gilbert and Sullivan You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share Trivia "I have a song to sing, O!" "To end on a happy note, one can always count on Gilbert and Sullivan for a rousing finale, full of words and music and signifying — nothing." — Tom Lehrer Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (18 November 183629 May 1911) and Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (13 May 1842-22 November 1900) were a Victorian duo who together wrote a number of hugely popular and influential comic operas, which served as forerunners of The Musical (most people today think of them as musicals), Gilbert writing the book and lyrics (what's known as a librettist, because he writes the libretto), and Sullivan the scores. Their most famous works are the so-called Savoy operas (from the Savoy Theatre where their operas were produced by entrepreneur Richard D'Oyly Carte), stretching from Trial By Jury in 1871 to The Gondoliers in 1889. The partnership then broke up, partly because of the legendary irascibility of Gilbert, partly because Sullivan ( encouraged by none other than Queen Victoria !), wished to devote himself to serious music, mostly over a carpet. Two later works, Utopia, Ltd. and The Grand Duke, came after the reunion of the team; they have not generally been considered successes. The Savoy operas were a reaction, in part, to the scandalous operettas popular in mid-19th century Europe, particularly France (as most famously done by Jacques Offenbach ). Gilbert and Sullivan wanted to write family-friendly light operas that just as uproariously funny and deliciously satirical as the raunchier productions that preceded them. They succeeded. The Savoy operas are characterised by the topsy-turvy logic of their plots, which often achieve their dénouement on the basis of some paradoxical ("Gilbertian") legalistic quibble (Gilbert had trained as a lawyer), as well as by their satire of English institutions. Gilbert's lyrics are masterpieces of complicated and difficult rhymes, often employing obscure and topical allusions, as well as three or four foreign languages; Sullivan's serious and romantic music adds emotional depth and tenderness to their often cynical frivolity. The operas tend to include a number of characters intended to show off what might be called the Savoy's "stock company": a light baritone playing a (generally not very pleasant) character who wishes (usually without success) to marry the heroine and who will almost certainly at some point sing a Patter Song ; a soprano heroine, sometimes sympathetic, but often selfish and scheming; a pompous bass-baritone; and a contralto (with, as the great Anna Russell described her, "a voice like a foghorn"), whose attempts to marry a man who desperately does not want to marry her form the basis of quite a few of Gilbert's jokes. However, these roles are also regularly subverted: For example, in half the operas note Sorcerer, Pinafore, Iolanthe, Ruddigore, Utopia, The Grand Duke, and, arguably, Gondoliers, the contralto's love interest is in love with her from the start, and in Ruddigore, she has two men after her. Though both of the pair were eventually knighted, Queen Victoria refused the honour to Gilbert (possibly having been offended by one of his works, but more likely simply because she thought knighthood more suitable for Serious Business like Sullivan's (now mostly forgotten) serious works such as Ivanhoe ). This was likely a contributory cause to their quarrel. The honours would eventually be evened by King Edward VII, who made Gilbert the first playwright ever to be knightednote or at least the first to be knighted for his actual writings rather than for something else. Their royal patronage was not restricted to Britain, either; reportedly Kaiser Wilhelm II knew The Mikado off by heart, and on the one occasion Sullivan met him, he regarded him as a Loony Fan . If you want see how the team was in action, see the film, Topsy Turvy , which depicts how they almost broke up until they are inspired to create The Mikado . A com


After his defeat at Waterloo, to where was Napoleon exiled?

Napoleon defeated at Waterloo - Jun 18, 1815 - HISTORY.com Napoleon defeated at Waterloo Publisher A+E Networks At Waterloo in Belgium, Napoleon Bonaparte suffers defeat at the hands of the Duke of Wellington, bringing an end to the Napoleonic era of European history. The Corsica-born Napoleon, one of the greatest military strategists in history, rapidly rose in the ranks of the French Revolutionary Army during the late 1790s. By 1799, France was at war with most of Europe, and Napoleon returned home from his Egyptian campaign to take over the reigns of the French government and save his nation from collapse. After becoming first consul in February 1800, he reorganized his armies and defeated Austria. In 1802, he established the Napoleonic Code, a new system of French law, and in 1804 was crowned emperor of France in Notre Dame Cathedral. By 1807, Napoleon controlled an empire that stretched from the River Elbe in the north, down through Italy in the south, and from the Pyrenees to the Dalmatian coast. Beginning in 1812, Napoleon began to encounter the first significant defeats of his military career, suffering through a disastrous invasion of Russia, losing Spain to the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula War, and enduring total defeat against an allied force by 1814. Exiled to the island of Elba in the Mediterranean, he escaped to France in early 1815 and set up a new regime. As allied troops mustered on the French frontiers, he raised a new Grand Army and marched into Belgium. He intended to defeat the allied armies one by one before they could launch a united attack. On June 16, 1815, he defeated the Prussians under Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher at Ligny, and sent 33,000 men, or about one-third of his total force, in pursuit of the retreating Prussians. On June 18, Napoleon led his remaining 72,000 troops against the Duke of Wellington’s 68,000-man allied army, which had taken up a strong position 12 miles south of Brussels near the village of Waterloo. In a fatal blunder, Napoleon waited until mid-day to give the command to attack in order to let the ground dry. The delay in fighting gave Blucher’s troops, who had eluded their pursuers, time to march to Waterloo and join the battle by the late afternoon. In repeated attacks, Napoleon failed to break the center of the allied center. Meanwhile, the Prussians gradually arrived and put pressure on Napoleon’s eastern flank. At 6 p.m., the French under Marshal Michel Ney managed to capture a farmhouse in the allied center and began decimating Wellington’s troops with artillery. Napoleon, however, was preoccupied with the 30,000 Prussians attacking his flank and did not release troops to aid Ney’s attack until after 7 p.m. By that time, Wellington had reorganized his defenses, and the French attack was repulsed. Fifteen minutes later, the allied army launched a general advance, and the Prussians attacked in the east, throwing the French troops into panic and then a disorganized retreat. The Prussians pursued the remnants of the French army, and Napoleon left the field. French casualties in the Battle of Waterloo were 25,000 men killed and wounded and 9,000 captured, while the allies lost about 23,000. Napoleon returned to Paris and on June 22 abdicated in favor of his son. He decided to leave France before counterrevolutionary forces could rally against him, and on July 15 he surrendered to British protection at the port of Rochefort. He hoped to travel to the United States, but the British instead sent him to Saint Helena, a remote island in the Atlantic off the coast of Africa. Napoleon protested but had no choice but to accept the exile. With a group of followers, he lived quietly on St. Helena for six years. In May 1821, he died, most likely of stomach cancer. He was only 51 years old. In 1840, his body was returned to Paris, and a magnificent funeral was held. Napoleon’s body was conveyed through the Arc de Triomphe and entombed under the dome of the Invalides. Related Videos


Welcome to the Wells City Council website - Wells City Council serving Englands smallest Cathedral City Find Us Welcome to the Wells City Council website Wells in Somerset is an ancient cathedral city in the picturesque district of Mendip, set in the heart of rural Somerset. It is known as England’s smallest city – the 2011 census recorded a population of 10,536 (4,882 males & 5,654 females). The beautiful city of Wells is named after the springs (or wells) which rise within the grounds of the Bishop’s Palace . The medieval lanes within the city contain original unspoilt buildings, while the water supply, granted by Bishop Bekynton to the town in 1451, still gurgles down the sides of the High Street. Wells City Council is housed in the lovely Grade II listed Town Hall , (a popular venue for weddings and events) close to the stunning moated Bishop’s Palace and iconic Wells Cathedral . Bustling markets are held twice weekly in the historic Market Place, continuing a tradition dating back nearly 900 years, to when Wells was granted weekly markets in the city’s first charter. The City of Wells is  twinned with Paray-Le-Monial, France; Bad Durkheim, Germany and Fontanellato, Italy. For more information about the history of Wells in Somerset click here  or here The Mayor of Wells (Cllr Alison Gibson) has put up a Christmas Memory Tree in the Town Hall. People can write a message or the names of loved ones on a silver bauble and give a donation of £1 which goes to the Mayor's charities. It's proving popular so hurry up and hang your bauble on the tree.


In Britain, a portcullis has been used on whose stationery since 1967?

Is There Such a Thing as an Absolute Poverty Line Over Time? Evidence from the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia on the Income Elasticity of the Poverty Line - U.S Census Bureau Is There Such a Thing as an Absolute Poverty Line Over Time? Evidence from the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia on the Income Elasticity of the Poverty Line by Gordon M. Fisher (An earlier version of this paper was presented October 28, 1994, at the Sixteenth Annual Research Conference of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management in Chicago, Illinois. A 9-page summary of this paper is available on the Department of Health and Human Services Poverty Guidelines Web site at http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/poverty/papers/elassmiv.htm .) For a brief summary of the U.S. evidence in this paper, see Gordon M. Fisher, "Relative or Absolute--New Light on the Behavior of Poverty Lines Over Time," GSS/SSS Newsletter [Joint Newsletter of the Government Statistics Section and the Social Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association], Summer 1996, pp. 10-12. (This article is available on the Department of Health and Human Services Poverty Guidelines Web site at http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/poverty/papers/relabs.htm .)) The views expressed in this paper are those of the author, and do not represent the position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. August 1995 (202)690-6143 [elastap4] "...the opinion as to what constitutes poverty has changed in fifty years, and it is desirable to draw up a new definition for future use." (1) Introduction One of the central questions in discussions and debates about poverty definition and measurement is whether poverty lines should be "absolute" or "relative." (2) A recent Canadian paper which reviews a number of poverty definition and measurement issues perceptively notes that the term "absolute" is used about poverty lines in two different ways: about the way in which poverty lines are constructed or developed, and about the way in which poverty lines are updated. (3) (The same is true of the term "relative.") In the context of development, an absolute poverty line is one which is constructed as an estimate of families' minimum consumption needs; this is done without reference to the income or consumption levels of the general population.  In the same context, a relative poverty line is one which is set as a fraction of the median or mean income or consumption of the population as a whole (generally with appropriate adjustments for family size); poverty lines are set in this way to demarcate a group of families whose income or consumption is deemed too low in comparison to that of the general population. In terms of updating, an absolute poverty line is one which is updated for price changes only, while a relative poverty line is one which is updated for changes in the median or mean income or consumption of the general population. Except where otherwise indicated, the terms "absolute" and "relative" will be used with reference to updating in this paper. In a theoretical context in which time is viewed as an abstract variable rather than the setting for specific historical events, arguments can be and have been made in support of both absolute and relative updating. (In the U.S. policy context, opinions generally tend to favor absolute updating, while researchers in Europe and other developed countries generally support relative updating. (4) )  However, when one turns to the context of actual history, there is an impressive body of empirical evidence from the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia showing that successive poverty lines developed as absolute poverty lines show a pattern of getting higher in real terms as the real income of the general population rises. (A technical term that has been used for this phenomenon in the U.S. is "the income elasticity of the poverty line." (5) ) In the U.S., this evidence includes both "expert"-devised minimum budgets prepared over almost six decades (1905-1960) and "subjective"


Which English novelist was arranged to be released from prison in 1703 by Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, and was employed by him as a spy?

Some words about Daniel DefoeпїЅs literary activity V. Appendix Introduction This graduation qualification work is dedicated to the study of Daniel Defoe's world famous novel пїЅRobinson CrusoeпїЅ. The theme is very interesting and is worth of paying special attention. Uzbek readers enjoy reading the novel immensely. The book is rightly included to the list of masterpieces even created by Daniel Defoe. The author's work is estimated and read both by grown ups and children. Daniel Defoe founder of the early bourgeois realistic novel and he was the first and fore most a journalist, and in many ways the father of modern English periodicals. Here we read one more fact: пїЅThe reviewпїЅ which he founded in 1704 and conducted until 1713, is regarded as the first English newspaper. It paved the way for the magazines пїЅThe TattlerпїЅ and пїЅThe spectatorпїЅ Daniel Defoe was born in London in a family of non-conformists =пїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅ= пїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅпїЅ= (those who refuse to accept the doctrines of an established or national Church, especially those protestants who form the Church of England. The tasks we put before us in our graduation qualification work are: 1. To consider Daniel Defoe as the founder of realistic novel. 2. To show how contradictory was his worldview. He was not stable in his political attitudes towards the parties and the government of his time. 3. The impetus and the reason, also the origin the source of Robinson's plot. 4. We think that Daniel Defoe and his work came to Uzbekistan and Russia and Robinson became famous thanks to creative activity of the Russian translators. All above mentioned matters are discussed in the Introduction and Chapter One. The next Chapter- Chapter Two is devoted to the description of the main hero's character. The whole paper is mainly about the merits of the writer and Robinson's history. 5. We also paid great attention to the Russian and Uzbek translations of пїЅRobinson Crusoe's AdventuresпїЅ 6. We think that it is necessary to stress the educative significance of the events. In the conclusion we wanted to shame the real place of the novel for our future generation. Daniel Defoe and his novel пїЅRobinson CrusoeпїЅ Daniel Defoe's пїЅRobinson CrusoeпїЅ (1719) is the first true novel. It demands special and deep study. To study the novel we should commence with our thoughts about English enlightenment. As one of the prominent literary figure of the XVIII century England Daniel Defoe is the founder of the European realistic novel of the new time. This book is rightly included to the circle of the beloved works of the children, so its educational significance should be underlined especially. We have to use the history of English enlighteners in connection with Defoe's literary activity. we may mention that the English Enlightenment is closely connected with the German Enlightenment use may match mainly the ideas of Enlightenment in Goethe's work. Daniel Defoe was the son of his time, and of his class, it means that he expressed the ideas of the existing classes. He may be described as a bearer of the world view of the their progressive people's ideas. The work of the earlier novelists of the eighteenth century has a drive and coherence from their excitements realizing congenial possibilities of the new species of writing. They were pioneers in the novels of Defoe, H. Fielding and Sterna the tastes and sensibility of their authors are everywhere pelted. Defoe and Richardson are the first great writers in the English literature, in this they differ from Jeffrey, Chancer, Edmund, Spencer, William Shakespeare and John Milton. The history of Robinson's life on the island is a story about creative work of a man, about his courage, his will, creative searching. This is a hymn to labor the source of life. Thanks to his creative work Robinson Crusoe remained a man. This is most remarkable and educative significance of the novel. The novel joined the elements of biographical documentary and adventure novel. The theme of creative labor should be emphasized especially L


Which National Basketball Association team, whose colours are purple, gold and white, use purple uniforms for road games and gold uniforms for home games, with white jerseys for Sunday and holiday home games?

Throwback uniform | American Football Database | Fandom powered by Wikia File:Ben hands off to Willie.jpg Throwback uniforms, throwback jerseys ( AmE ) or retro kits ( BrE ) are sports uniforms styled to resemble the uniforms that a team wore in the past . One-time or limited-time retro uniforms are sometimes produced to be worn by teams in games, on special occasions such as anniversaries of significant events. Throwback uniforms have proven popular in all major pro and college sports in North America , not only with fans, but with the teams' merchandising departments. Because the "authentic" uniforms (accurate reproductions) and less-authentic "replicas" had been so popular at retail, the professional leagues institutionalized throwbacks as " third jerseys ". Contents Edit Throwbacks were first popularized in Major League Baseball , where teams not only wore renditions of their past styles, but also tributes to defunct minor league and Negro League baseball teams as well. Often, the games where teams will wear throwbacks are promoted as "Turn Back The Clock Nights". Throwbacks also make frequent appearances every season in college football games, National Hockey League games, and in National Basketball Association games. The first companies to produce throwback uniforms were Tiedman & Company Sportswear (college football, basketball, hockey, NFL and World Cup soccer), Mitchell & Ness (Major League Baseball), and Ebbets Field Flannels (Negro League baseball). All three companies are still in business; Tiedman & Company relaunched in 2009 under the brand name Tiedman & Formby Vintage Athletic Co.. In some instances, teams will wear "fauxbacks": retro designed uniforms harkening back to an era which pre-dates the team. For example, the Tampa Bay Rays wore 1979-style baseball uniforms in 2012, [1] and the Dallas Mavericks have used a 1970s-like basketball uniform since 2004, despite having been established in 1980. American football Edit Throwbacks were introduced in the NFL in 1991 at retail through the NFL Throwbacks Collection.[ citation needed ] The rights to produce the vintage apparel was limited to six apparel licensees, including Tiedman & Company Sportswear (exclusive to jerseys), Riddell (helmets), Starter (caps), Nutmeg Mills (sweatshirts), and DeLong (jackets). In 1994 , to honor the NFL's 75th Anniversary, teams were allowed to wear modern versions of their old uniform styles. However, the designs varied widely in their accuracy: While no attempt was made to simulate obsolete leather helmets which were phased out in the 1950s, teams simulating uniforms from the era of leather headgear simply removed all decals and striping from their regular hard-shell helmets. A rule imposed by the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 adopted the AFL's policy of all jerseys displaying the player's last name on the back side. This practice was not part of the NFL officially until after the merger, but in order to keep consistency with current rules, the names were placed on the back side of all throwback jerseys. In most instances the fonts and typestyles used were only approximate matches at best. The Arizona Cardinals , Chicago Bears and Pittsburgh Steelers wore reproductions of uniforms that pre-dated large numerals on the front of jerseys, so instead smaller numerals were worn on the right shoulder. [2] The Dallas Cowboys and Buffalo Bills received some criticism for their portrayal of their throwbacks. The Cowboys wore their early 1960s uniforms with their current helmet, while the Bills wore their then-current uniforms with the old "standing buffalo" logo in white on their red helmets, in place of the current blue "charging buffalo" logo. Later that season, the Cowboys used the "double-star" uniform, which could be considered an updated version of the 1960s jerseys. Ironically, both teams have since adopted these throwbacks more accurately as alternates, with Dallas now using the original, plain star helmet and Buffalo using the original red "standing buffalo" helmet on white background, as well as wearing the AFL -era jerseys as oppo


What is added to steel to make stainless steel?

How stainless steel is made - material, manufacture, used, processing, parts, components, structure, steps Process The manufacture of stainless steel involves a series of processes. First,    the steel is melted, To make stainless steel, the raw materials—iron ore, chromium,      silicon, nickel, etc.—are melted together in an electric      furnace. This step usually involves 8 to 12 hours of intense heat.      Next, the mixture is cast into one of several shapes, including      blooms, billets, and slabs. and then it is cast into solid form. After various forming steps, the    steel is heat treated and then cleaned and polished to give it the desired    finish. Next, it is packaged and sent to manufacturers, who weld and join the steel to produce the desired shapes. Melting and casting 1 The raw materials are first melted together in an electric furnace.     This step usually requires 8 to 12 hours of intense heat. When the     melting is finished, the molten steel is cast into semi-finished forms.     These include blooms (rectangular shapes), billets (round or square     shapes 1.5 inches or 3.8 centimeters in thickness), slabs, rods, and     tube rounds. Forming 2 Next, the semi-finished steel goes through forming operations,     beginning with hot rolling, in which the steel is heated and passed     through huge rolls. Blooms and billets are formed into bar and wire,     while slabs are formed into plate, strip, and sheet. Bars are available     in all grades and come in rounds, squares, octagons, or hexagons 0.25     inch (.63 centimeter) in size. Wire is usually available up to 0.5 inch     (1.27 centimeters) in diameter or size. Plate is more than 0.1875 inch     (.47 centimeter) thick and over 10 inches (25.4 centimeters) wide. Strip     is less than 0.185 inch (.47 centimeter) thick and less than 24 inches     (61 centimeters) wide. Sheet is less than 0.1875 (.47 centimeter) thick     and more than 24 (61 centimeters) wide. Heat treatment 3 After the stainless steel is formed, most types must go through an     annealing step. Annealing is a heat treatment in which the steel is     heated and cooled under controlled conditions to relieve internal     stresses and soften the metal. Some steels are heat treated for higher     strength. However, such a heat treatment—also known as age hardening —requires careful control, for even small changes from the     recommended temperature, time, or cooling rate can seriously affect the     properties. Lower aging temperatures produce high strength with low     fracture toughness, while higher-temperature aging produces a lower     strength, tougher material. Though the heating rate to reach the aging temperature (900 to 1000      degrees Fahrenheit       or 482 to 537 degrees Celsius) does not effect the properties, the      cooling rate does. A post-aging quenching (rapid cooling) treatment      can increase the toughness without a significant loss in strength. One      such process involves water quenching the material in a 35-degree      Fahrenheit (1.6-degree Celsius) ice-water bath for a minimum of two      hours. The type of heat treatment depends on the type of steel; in other      words, whether it is austenitic, ferritic, or martensitic. Austenitic      steels are heated to above 1900 degrees Fahrenheit (1037 degrees      Celsius) for a time depending on the thickness. Water quenching is      used for thick sections, whereas air cooling or air blasting is used      for thin sections. If cooled too slowly, carbide precipitation can      occur. This buildup can be eliminated by thermal stabilization. In      this method, the steel is held for several hours at 1500 to 1600      degrees Fahrenheit (815 to 871 degrees Celsius). Cleaning part      surfaces of contaminants before heat treatment is sometimes also      necessary to achieve proper heat treatment. Descalin


Who is the only person to receive 2 Oscars for the same role?

Academy Awards Best Actor The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) );      two were consecutive nominations (from 1930/31-1931/32) Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins (Philadelphia (1993), Forrest Gump (1994)); two were      consecutive nominations (from 1993-1994) Sean Penn (5) - with two wins (Mystic River (2003) and Milk (2008)); nominations were from 1995-2008 The Most Best Actor Nominations: Actors with the highest number of Best Actor acting      nominations (in parentheses) include: Spencer Tracy (9) - with two wins Laurence Olivier (9) - with one win (Hamlet (1948)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1939-1940) Jack Nicholson (8) - with two wins Paul Newman (8) - with one win (The Color of Money (1986)); two were       consecutive nominations (from 1981-1982) Peter O'Toole (8) - with no wins; two were consecutive      nominations (from 1968-1969); nominations from 1962-2006 Marlon Brando (7) - with two wins Dustin Hoffman (7) - with two wins Jack Lemmon (7) - with one win (Save the Tiger (1973)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1959-1960, and from 1979-1980) Paul Muni (6) - with one win (The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936)); three were consecutive      nominations (from 1935-1937) Richard Burton (6) - with no wins; three were consecutive      nominations (from 1964-1966) Gary Cooper (5) - with two wins Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins Fredric March (5) - with two wins Sean Penn (5) - with two wins Daniel Day-Lewis (5) - with three wins James Stewart (5) - with one win ( Anthony Hopkins (3) - with one win ( The Silence of the Lambs (1991) ); nominations from 1991-1995 Russell Crowe (3) - with one win (Gladiator (2000)); three were      consecutive nominations (from 1999-2001) Jeff Bridges (3) - with one win (Crazy Heart (2009)); nominations from 1984-2010 George Clooney (3) - with no wins; nominations from        2007-2011 Consecutive Best Actor-Winning Performers: There are only two actresses       (Luise Rainer and Katharine Hepburn) who have received two consecutive Best Actress awards, as there are only two actors who have received     two consecutive Best Actor statuette wins: Spencer Tracy (Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)) Tom Hanks (Philadelphia (1993) and Forrest Gump (1994)) [Note: Jason Robards won two consecutive Best Supporting         Actor Oscars in 1976 and 1977.] Winners of Both a Lead and Supporting Actor Oscar: In 1997, Jack Nicholson tied Walter Brennan for the      most wins (3) for a male performer (Brennan has three Best Supporting      Actor trophies, Nicholson has two for Best Actor and one for Best Supporting     Actor). The only stars to win both a Best Actor and a Best Supporting Actor (BSA) Oscar are the following: Jack Nicholson (BA for Gene Hackman (BA for The French Connection (1971) , BSA for Unforgiven (1992) ) Kevin Spacey (BA for American Beauty (1999), BSA for The Usual Suspects (1995)) Denzel Washington (BA for Training Day (2001), BSA for Glory (1989)) The Only Best Actor Tie: In the Best Actor category, an unusual tie (the only      occurrence among male acting performances) occurred in 1931/32 between      Wallace Beery and Fredric March, for their respective performances in The Champ (1931/32) and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931/32). The Most Best Actor Oscar Nominations - Without Winning: Peter O'Toole is the only star with eight Best Actor       Oscar nominations without a single win. His record extends 44 years,       from 1962 to 2006. Richard Burton was nominated seven times (and never won), although his first nomination was as Best Supporting Actor for My Cousin Rachel (1952) -- his last six nominations were as Best Actor. Oscar-Winning Actor Roles and Trends: Biographies of remarkable, real-life individuals (military      figures or soldiers, law-and-order enforcers, historical figures) and      portrayals of the mentally ill are heavily represented among male Oscar      winners, particularly in the acting awards. It helps an


According to the Bible, who visited Solomon?

Who Was the Queen of Sheba? Ethiopian or Yemeni Queen? Known for: Biblical character, a powerful queen who visited King Solomon Dates: about the 10th century BCE Also known as: Bilqis, Balqis, Nicaule, Nakuti, Makeda, Maqueda updated with some content added by Jone Johnson Lewis Queen of Sheba in the Hebrew Scriptures The Queen of Sheba is one of the most famous figures in the Bible , yet nobody knows exactly who she was or where she came from. According to I Kings 10:1-13 of the Hebrew scriptures, she visited King Solomon in Jerusalem after hearing of his great wisdom. However, the Bible does not mention either her given name or the location of her kingdom. In Genesis 10:7, in the so-called Table of Nations, two individuals are mentioned who some scholars have connected with the implied place name of the Queen of Sheba. Seba is mentioned as a grandson of Ham's son Noah via Cush, and Sheba is mentioned as a grandson of Cush via Raamah in the same list. Cush or Kush has been associated with the empire of Kush, a land south of Egypt. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know Archaeological Evidence? Two primary strands of history connect to the Queen of Sheba, from opposite sides of the Red Sea. According to Arab and other Islamic sources, the Queen of Sheba was called Bilqis, and ruled over a kingdom on the southern Arabian Peninsula, in what is now Yemen . Ethiopian records, on the other hand, claim that the Queen of Sheba was a monarch called Makeda, who ruled the Axumite Empire, based in northern Ethiopia . Interestingly enough, archaeological evidence indicates that as early as the tenth century BCE, Ethiopia and Yemen were ruled by a single dynasty, probably based in Yemen. Four centuries later, the two regions were both under the sway of Axum. Since the political and cultural ties between ancient Yemen and Ethiopia seem to have been incredibly strong, it may be that each of these traditions is correct, in a sense. The Queen of Sheba may have reigned over both Ethiopia and Yemen, but of course she couldn't have been born in both places. Makeba, Ethiopian Queen Ethiopia's national epic, the Kebra Nagast or "Glory of Kings," tells the story of a queen named Makeda from the city of Axum who traveled to Jerusalem to meet the famous Solomon the Wise. Makeda and her entourage stayed for several months, and Solomon became smitten with the beautiful Ethiopian queen. As Makeda's visit neared its end, Solomon invited her to stay in the same wing of the castle as his own sleeping quarters. Makeda agreed, so long as Solomon didn't try to make any sexual advances. Solomon acquiesced to this condition, but only if Makeda took nothing that was his. That evening, Solomon ordered a spicy and salty meal prepared. He also had a glass of water set out beside Makeda's bed. When she awoke thirsty in the middle of the night, she drank the water, at which point Solomon came in to the room and announced that Makeda had taken his water. They slept together, and when Makeda left to go back to Ethiopia, she was carrying Solomon's son. In Ethiopian tradition, Solomon and Sheba's child, Emperor Menelik I, founded the Solomonid dynasty, which continued until Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed in 1974. Menelik also went to Jerusalem to meet his father, and either received as a gift or stole the Ark of the Covenant, depending upon the version of the story. Although most Ethiopians today believe that Makeda was the biblical Queen of Sheba, many scholars give preference to a Yemeni origin, instead. Bilqis, Yemeni Queen An important component of Yemen's claim on the Queen of Sheba is the name. We know that a great kingdom called Saba existed in Yemen during this period, and historians suggest that Saba is Sheba. Islamic folklore holds that the Sabean queen's name was Bilqis. According to Sura 27 of the Qu'ran , Bilqis and the people of Saba worshipped the sun as a god rather than adhering to Abrahamic monotheist beliefs. In this account, King Solomon sent her a letter inviting her to worship his God. Bilqis perceiv


Ratatouille | Film | The Guardian The Guardian Share on Messenger Close Shortly before his death in 1966, Walt Disney looked at the rushes of The Jungle Book and said with a sigh: 'I don't know, fellas, I guess I'm getting a little old for animation.' In fact, he hadn't produced a cartoon of the first rank for more than 20 years, not since the great early quintet of Snow White, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo and Bambi Another 25 years were to pass before the Disney Studio embarked on a second cycle of great animated films in the age of the computer-generated image. It began with Beauty and the Beast in 1991 and led to the creation in 2001 of a new Oscar, for best animated feature. Since the mid-1990s, this new Golden Age has come to be dominated by the Pixar Animation Studios, which had started out in 1979 as largely a computer hardware organisation. In 1995, Pixar made its first full-length feature, Toy Story, released through Disney and now a sub-division of the Disney Organisation. Each of its films to date has been a major popular and critical success, and its latest, Ratatouille , is arguably its finest yet, a tale exuding good taste and civilised values that centres on a rodent. A rare case of Roedean meeting Rodine. Rats have rightly had a bad press throughout history, carrying plagues around the world, terrifying Winston Smith in Nineteen Eighty-Four and universally loathed, though the puppet Roland Rat enjoyed a vogue on television after saving a crisis-troubled TV station from extinction, and Sinatra and his disreputable chums proudly called themselves the Rat Pack. Mice, on the other hand, have always been thought cute and lovable, idealised by Beatrix Potter and providing the Disney Organisation with its corporate symbol. The Disney company is popularly known in the film industry as 'the Mouse', so it must have seemed an amusingly subversive notion to make Remy, the hero of Ratatouille, not only a rat, but a highly sophisticated one. Moreover, he's a native of that 'Old Europe' so roundly condemned by Donald Rumsfeld, and a citizen of France, whose most significant contribution to America's fast-food cuisine was for a while redesignated as 'freedom fries'. To put a serious interpretation on a hilarious, fast-moving picture, Ratatouille is about education, aspiration, collaboration and the challenging of stereotypes. Remy is a rural rat who discovers he has remarkable gifts of smell and taste, which his loving, hard-nosed dad (voiced by Brian Dennehy) insists should be used for the benefit of the pack by sniffing out poisonous materials among the garbage they feed off. 'But why should we steal food or live on waste stuff?' Remy asks. In a country cottage occupied by an old lady, he watches the TV shows of Parisian restaurateur Auguste Gusteau, author of Anyone Can Cook, which encourages him to experiment, initially using the smoke from the cottage chimney. But in a superbly orchestrated sequence, the outraged old lady takes a shotgun to the local rats, driving them into a sewer that takes them towards Paris. Separated from the others, Remy finds that fate has led him to Gusteau's restaurant which, since the death of its owner and because of the animosity of imperious food critic Anton Ego, has lost two of its stars and become stultified. The ghost of Gusteau, a Jiminy Cricket conscience figure who describes himself as 'a figment of your imagination', becomes Remy's companion and, first by accident, then by design, the rat sets about restoring the restaurant to its old status. As he can't reveal his identity for fear of closing the place down, he works through the dim but likable Linguini, a garbage boy who's in fact Gusteau's heir. Remy sits under the lad's toque, directing him by pulling his hair, and rapidly turns him into a star. He renews the restaurant's repertoire, but excites the suspicions of the top chef (voiced by Ian Holm), who wants to take the place over and, a very sly joke here, uses Gusteau's reputation for a fast-food franchise exploiting every form of world cuisine. The movie becomes something of


"In 2009, Kelly Clarkson released a song that included the lyric: ""You got a piece of me, And honestly, My life would ... ""what"" ... without you'""?"

KELLY CLARKSON LYRICS - My Life Would Suck Without You "My Life Would Suck Without You" lyrics KELLY CLARKSON LYRICS "My Life Would Suck Without You" [Verse 1:] Guess this means you're sorry You're standing at my door Guess this means you take back All you said before Like how much you wanted Anyone but me Said you'd never come back But here you are again [Chorus:] 'Cause we belong together now, yeah Forever united here somehow, yeah You got a piece of me And honestly My life (my life) would suck (would suck) without you [Verse 2:] Maybe I was stupid for telling you goodbye Maybe I was wrong for trying to pick a fight I know that I've got issues But you're pretty messed up too Either way I found out I'm nothing without you 'Cause we belong together now, yeah Forever united here somehow, yeah You got a piece of me And honestly My life (my life) would suck (would suck) without you [Bridge:] Being with you is so dysfunctional I really shouldn't miss you But I can't let you go Oh, yeah 'Cause we belong together now, yeah Forever united here somehow, yeah You got a piece of me And honestly My life (my life) would suck (would suck) without you 'Cause we belong together now, yeah Forever united here somehow, yeah You got a piece of me And honestly


Ophanin, piscivorin, ablomin, latisemin and triflin, cysteine-rich secretory proteins that can reduce muscle contractions, are naturally found where?

ophanin : definition of ophanin and synonyms of ophanin (English)   Etymology   King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) The toxin was named ophanin after the snake whose venom it is derived from, the King Cobra ( Ophiophagus hannah ). [1]   Source Ophanin is produced in the venom glands of the King Cobra (O. Hannah). Although the venom has relatively low toxicity , this is compensated by the high amounts of it injected into the prey for each bite. [2]   Chemistry   Structure Ophanin was successfully isolated from O. Hannah venom by gel filtration and cation-exchange chromatography . [1] Its molecular weight is 25 kDa (from positions 19 – 239), which conforms to the molecular mass predicted from its cDNA sequences. [3]   Homology Ophanin is a cysteine-rich secretory protein and therefore belongs to the CRISP family. These proteins possess 16 strictly conserved cysteines and contain 8 disulfide bonds . Ten of the 16 cysteine residues are clustered at the C-terminal end of the protein. Ophanin belongs to the “long” CRISPs subgroup, which consists of the 9 CRISPs with the longest sequences. Snake venom CRISPs belonging to different subgroups act on different biological targets, contributing in this way to the diversity of damaging effects of snake venoms. [4]   Family The phylogenetic tree constructed from the nucleotide sequences of all known snake venom CRISPs shows that ophanin is more closely related to the Viperidae branch than the Elapidae branch even though O. Hannah belongs to the Elapidae snakes. [1] Ophanin, along with other specific snake toxins like triflin and ablomin , is also a helothermine-related venom protein (Helveprin) which was originally isolated from the skin of the Mexican beaded lizard. [5]   Target Ophanin is a weak blocker of the high potassium-induced contraction of smooth muscles. Snake venom CRISP family proteins inhibit depolarization-induced smooth muscle contraction to different extents. Compared to the normal contraction of smooth muscle, ophanin is able to reduce their force of contractility to 84% ± 1%, which is less than most other CRISPs. [1] The differences between the inhibitory activity of CRISPs may be explained through sequence comparisons that suggest a site that may be critical for inhibition of channel activity. Phe 189 and Glu 186 are the most likely functional residues: strong blockers of smooth muscle contraction ( ablomin , triflin , and latisemin ) all have Phe189, and all blockers of smooth muscle contraction except ophanin have Glu186. The significance of this lack of the probable functional residues in ophanin has not yet been addressed. However, it is likely that the picture is more complex and other residues contribute to the inhibitory activity of CRISPs on smooth muscle contraction and some data supports this. For example pseudecin , while also having Phe189, does not affect depolarization-induced contraction. [1]   Mode of action There is no direct evidence of a particular mode of action of ophanin blocking depolarization-induced contractions of the smooth muscles. However, based on the hypothesis of Yamazaki and colleagues [6] in regards to ablomin, another snake venom toxin from the CRISP family that also blocks depolarization-induced smooth muscle contraction, we can postulate a similar mechanism might be in place for ophanin. Since ablomin only blocks contraction induced by depolarization, but not by caffeine, the effect of ablomin is likely to be caused by inhibition of voltage-gated ion channels. An activation of smooth muscle cells through caffeine activates ryanodine receptors of the sarcoplasmic reticulum , whereas an activation through high levels of extracellular potassium depolarizes the membrane (due to the change of the reversal potential for potassium towards more positive values) and would then activate voltage-gated calcium-ion channels leading to high levels of intracellular calcium ions. The intracellular calcium ion concentration correlates well with contraction force in the rat-tail artery. [7] Thus, contraction following extracellular application of hig


In Michelangelo's painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, whose hand extends to the hand of Adam?

Michelangelo's Creation of Adam - ItalianRenaissance.org Search Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam Michelangelo, Creation of Adam, from the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, Rome, 1508-1512, fresco The most famous section of the Sistine Chapel ceiling is Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam.  This scene is located next to the Creation of Eve, which is the panel at the center of the room, and the Congregation of the Waters, which is closer to the altar. The Creation of Adam differs from typical Creation scenes painted up until that time.  Here, two figures dominate the scene: God on the right, and Adam on the left.  God is shown inside a floating nebulous form made up of  drapery and other figures.  The form is supported on angels who fly without wings, but whose flight is made clear by the drapery which whips out from underneath them. God is depicted as an elderly, yet muscular, man with grey hair and a long beard which react to the forward movement of flight.  This is a far cry from imperial images of God that had otherwise been created in the West dating back to the time of late antiquity.  Rather than wearing royal garments and depicted as an all-powerful ruler, he wears only a light tunic which leaves much of his arms and legs exposed.  One might say this is a much more intimate portrait of God because he is shown in a state that is not untouchable and remote from Man, but one which is accessible to him. Unlike the figure of God, who is outstretched and aloft, Adam is depicted as a lounging figure who rather lackadaisically responds to God’s imminent touch.  This touch will not only give life to Adam, but will give life to all mankind.  It is, therefore, the birth of the human race.  Adam’s body forms a concave shape which echoes the form of God’s body, which is in a convex posture inside the nebulous, floating form.  This correspondence of one form to the other seems to underscore the larger idea of Man corresponding to God; that is, it seems to reflect the idea that Man has been created in the image and likeness of God – an idea with which Michelangelo had to have been familiar. One of the questions that has been raised about this scene is the identity of the figures next to God.  Given her privileged placement under the arm of God, the female figure is presumably an important one.  Traditionally, she has been thought to be Eve, the future wife of Adam, who waits to the side until she is created out of Adam’s rib.  More recently, however, a theory has been floated that this is actually the Virgin Mary, who takes this place of honor next to God and the child next to her, who would therefore be the Christ Child.  This view is supported by the placement of God’s fingers on the child – the same fingers that the priest would use to raise the Eucharist during the Mass.  Since Catholic theology holds that the Eucharist is the Body of Christ, this theological understanding would be embodied in this painting.  If this latter interpretation is correct, the Creation of Adam would be intrinsically linked to the future coming of Christ, who comes to reconcile man after the sin of Adam. In all, the painting shows several hallmarks of Michelangelo’s painting style: the lounging position of both Adam and God, the use of bodies which are both muscular and twisting, and the painting of figures who come across as works of sculpture. It is good to remember that Michelangelo was, after all, a sculptor.  Painting was not his primary area. The Creation of Adam is one of the great jewels of Western art, though it and the rest of the Sistine Chapel ceiling suffered the ill effects of centuries of smoke that had caused the ceiling to darken considerably.  It was not until 1977 that the cleaning of the ceiling was begun.  The result of the cleaning was astonishing after its completion in 1989; what was once dark and drab became vivid.  The change from pre-cleaning to post-cleaning was so great that some initially refused to believe that this is the way Michelangelo actually painted.  Today, we have a much better understanding of Michelan


"""It's still the same old story, the fight for love and glory"" are lines from the theme song for which film?"

Casablanca (1942): Play it Sam, Play As Time Goes By. Ingrid Bergman, Humphrey Bogart, Sinatra sings - YouTube Casablanca (1942): Play it Sam, Play As Time Goes By. Ingrid Bergman, Humphrey Bogart, Sinatra sings Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 17, 2011 Casablanca (1942): Play it Sam, Play As Time Goes By, Ingrid Bergman, Humphrey Bogart, Frank Sinatra sings, Ilsa: Play it once, Sam, for old times' sake. Sam: I don't know what you mean, Miss Ilsa. Ilsa: [whispered] Play it, Sam. Play As Time Goes By. Sam: Why, I can't remember it, Miss Ilsa. I'm a little rusty on it. Ilsa: I'll hum it for you. [Ilsa hums two bars. Sam starts to play] Sing it, Sam. Sam: [singing] You must remember this A kiss is just a kiss A sigh is just a sigh The fundamental things apply As Time Goes By (A kiss is just a kiss) lyrics You must remember this A kiss is still a kiss, a sigh is just a sigh The fundamental things apply And when two lovers woo They still say, "I love you" On that you can rely No matter what the future brings As time goes by And man must have his mate That no one can deny it's still the same old story A fight for love and glory A case of do or die The world will always welcome lovers As time goes by And man must have his mate That no one can deny it's still the same old story A fight for love and glory A case of do or die The world will always welcome lovers As time goes by ---------------------------------------------------------------- Ilsa spots Sam and asks him to "Play it once, Sam, for old times' sake." When he feigns ignorance, she responds, "Play it, Sam. Play 'As Time Goes By.'" Later that night, alone with Sam, Rick says, "You played it for her and you can play it for me," and "If she can stand it, I can! Play it!" ---------------------------------------------------------------- Famous quotes One of the lines most closely associated with the film — "Play it again, Sam" — is a misquotation. When Ilsa first enters the Café Americain, she spots Sam and asks him to "Play it once, Sam, for old times' sake." When he feigns ignorance, she responds, "Play it, Sam. Play 'As Time Goes By.'" Later that night, alone with Sam, Rick says, "You played it for her and you can play it for me," and "If she can stand it, I can! Play it!" Rick's remark to Ilsa, "Here's looking at you, kid," is not in the draft screenplays, but has been attributed to something Bogart said to Bergman as he taught her poker between takes. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz, starring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman and Paul Henreid, and featuring Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet and Peter Lorre. Set during World War II, it focuses on a man torn between, in the words of one character, love and virtue. He must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her Czech Resistance leader husband escape from the Vichy-controlled Moroccan city of Casablanca to continue his fight against the Nazis. Although it was an A-list film, with established stars and first-rate writers—Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein and Howard Koch received credit for the screenplay—no one involved with its production expected Casablanca to be anything out of the ordinary;[1] it was just one of dozens of pictures produced by Hollywood every year. The film was a solid, if unspectacular, success in its initial run, rushed into release to take advantage of the publicity from the Allied invasion of North Africa a few weeks earlier.[2] Despite a changing assortment of screenwriters frantically adapting an unstaged play and barely keeping ahead of production, and Bogart attempting his first romantic lead role, Casablanca won three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Its characters, dialogue, and music have become iconic, and Ca


"Who had a famous chestnut horse named ""Copenhagen""?"

Copenhagen & the Duke Of Wellington: Horse History Article Copenhagen and the Duke Of Wellington By Cheryl  R. Lutring (Horse history article copyrighted by Saddle & Bridle Magazine.) The Napoleonic Wars produced heroes of many kinds from both sides, human and horse. We have already told the tale of Napoleon’s own favored charger, Marengo, so it is appropriate to take a look now at the hero of the British side, the Duke of Wellington and his best charger, Copenhagen. When not in a battle situation Copenhagen was tetchy and difficult and totally unimpressed with situation or status. His cantankerous temperament gave many a groom a bad moment and even nearly gave the Duke himself a severe injury.  He had dismounted after the final battle of Waterloo and moved to the rear and patted Copenhagen on the rump in thanks for a fine day s work. The horse responded with a savage kick, just missing the General who had already just missed death many times that day. But Copenhagen was a superb battle horse. Unflinching amidst gunfire he repeatedly exhibited great stamina and fortitude. On one occasion he carried the General Duke into a square of infantrymen under cannon fire, both remaining perfectly composed. Later the Duke said of him: There may have been many faster horses, no doubt many handsomer, but for bottom and endurance I never saw his fellow. A compliment indeed from an experienced horseman who loved mounted sports at home and had a string of eight chargers for battle. Copenhagen had been a surprise foal. His dam was Lady Catherine, who was by John Bull a thoroughbred, and out of a mare by the Rutland Arabian. Lady Catherine was the only halfbred broodmare to be accepted into the General Stud Book (UK’s Thoroughbred register). Her owner had taken Lady Catherine on the British military expedition to Denmark in 1807 not knowing she was in foal. At that time the Duke of Wellington was in charge of a division in the force that occupied the city of Copenhagen and seized the Danish fleet. Once home the mare produced a strong chestnut foal who was named in honor of the Copenhagen siege. The colt was by the famous Meteor who was a son of the even more famous Eclipse, the legendary race horse of the 18th century. Copenhagen raced as a three-year-old but was not really successful, so he was sold and ended up with the Duke of Wellington on campaign in Spain. Copenhagen and the Duke became synonymous and even in retirement from war they remained together. The Iron Duke, as he was affectionately known, became Prime Minister of Britain in 1828 and rode Copenhagen up Downing Street to No.10 to take up his new position of leadership. In retirement the old horse must have become somewhat mellowed because he was regularly ridden by friends and children at the Duke’s country estate of Stratfield Saye, although Lady Shelley said he was the most difficult to sit of any horse she had ever ridden. The Duchess often fed him with bread and this it was said gave him the habit of approaching every lady with the most confiding familiarity. Over the years hair had been taken from the horse and made into bracelets for the ladies. When the great horse died in 1836, at the remarkable age of 29, he was given a funeral with full military honors. But the day was worsened for the Duke who noticed that one hoof had been removed and flew into a terrible passion about the mutilation. After his own death the guilty servant who had taken the hoof as a memento came forward to confess and presented it to the second Duke who had it made into an inkstand. The War Museum approached the Duke about disinterring Copenhagen in order to keep his skeleton in the Museum alongside the skeleton of Napoleon’s horse, Marengo. But the Duke thwarted the idea by saying he was not sure exactly where the horse had been buried. Of course, he knew precisely where Copenhagen’s remains were under the turkey oak in the Ice House Paddock at his country estate at Stratfield Saye but obviously preferred to keep his loyal friend at home with him. As a mark of respect the second Duke erected a


How many pedals are standard on a grand piano in the USA?

Do professional pianists actually use all three pedals on a piano? - Quora Quora Written May 12, 2011 I'm not a professional pianist, but I've used all three, so I would have to say yes. It is likely that they have at some point, although they may not frequently use the sostenuto pedal. The damper pedal (right) is heavily used because of how much expression it can add to music. The left pedal, the una corda, makes the hammers hit just one of the strings, instead of the two normally hit for each note. This modifies the sound, but the most noticeable function is to make the piano softer. My instructor taught me that if a score says "sotto voce" or something similar in the notes, that I should then use the left pedal. The middle sostenuto pedal is probably the least used, and it's way more common in America than elsewhere. You can go a career without using it because only certain composers wrote music for it (it allows you to sustain certain notes and then play over them), but Debussy used it in his music and he's quite popular so chances are the opportunity may arise (albeit rarely). More info on piano pedals: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pia...   Pictured above is the typical pedal setup for a grand piano (and many uprights as well). Some models may have only two pedals, lacking the middle one; and in some upright models with three pedals, the middle pedal may not function as a sostenuto pedal but as a "practice pedal" or "apartment pedal," which is a toggle that usually works by moving a piece of felt in place between the hammers and the strings so that the sound of the entire instrument is drastically muted for quiet practice. (I call it the "parking brake.") The most commonly used pedal is the damper pedal or sustain pedal. Felt dampers rest upon the strings of the piano when a key is not being depressed, and return to silence the strings when a key is released.  When it is depressed, the damper pedal keeps all the dampers in the raised position so that the strings of the piano continue to vibrate freely after the keys are released, creating a sustained "ringing." Since the pedal controls the dampers mechanically, there is a correspondence between how fully the pedal is depressed and how far the dampers are raised from the strings -- this makes half-pedaling, subtly manipulating the amount of sustain by changing the pressure on the pedal itself, possible as a coloristic effect in acoustic piano-playing. Until the early 19th century, the damper pedal was used rather more sparingly than in later practice; in its original incarnation by the German maker Silbermann, the mechanism was operated by the knee rather than the foot. It has been called the "soul" and the "sauce" of the instrument, as its judicious use can enrich the timbre considerably without overly blurring the sound. It's definitely worth noting that the sustaining power of the mechanism has improved over the years as the construction of the piano has changed. For this reason, pedal markings by composers prior to the late 19th century must be taken with a grain of salt, since their instruments were less resonant and more pedal was required than is now needed to get the same effect. Whereas the damper pedal simply lifts all dampers, the sostenuto pedal is a selective sustain pedal which lifts dampers for only those keys that are being depressed when the pedal is activated. This is useful for situations in which the pianist wishes to sustain a chord or tone in the bass while playing something dry and articulate over the top of it. It is probably the least-used of the three standard pedals, and operating it can present mechanical difficulties (akin to using different feet to operate the brake and accelerator in an automatic vehicle), but once it is mastered its potential becomes more attractive and its usefulness more apparent. Still, it is relatively rarely put to use. The soft pedal functions differently on grands and uprights. On a grand piano it physically shifts the entire keyboard action so that the strings are struck by the edges of the hammers rather tha


The Beaufort Sea constitutes part of which ocean?

Beaufort Sea | sea in Arctic Ocean Beaufort Sea Beaufort Sea The Beaufort Sea is a part of the Arctic Ocean, lies north of the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska and west of Canada's Arctic islands. Its northwestern part is bordered by a line connecting Point Barrow, Alaska, and Lands End, Prince Patrick Island. The sea covers about 450,000 km (170,000 mi) in area. Naming: The name of the Sea is come from the Irish hydrographer Sir Francis Beaufort. Resources: The Beaufort Sea is rich petroleum reserves beneath the seabed, a continuation of proven reserves in the nearby Mackenzie River and North Slope. The large Mackenzie River and many small rivers flow into the sea. Climate The entire Beaufort Sea is totally frozen during much of the year-round. It is covered by permanent ice-pack in the northern edge. In the month of August and September the ice break up. Temperature ranging from 29.5 F (-1.4 C) in summer to 28.8 F (-1.8 C) in winter. Sea water is separated into four layers. Surface water is the top 100m (330ft); temperature in summer is -1.4 C (29.5 F) and in winter is -1.8 C (28.8 F). The second layer is formed by the inflows from Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea through the Bering Strait. The third layer is deep Atlantic layer and its temperature ranges from 0 and 1 C (32 to 34 F). The final layer is Bit colder ranges from -0.4 to -0.8 C (31.3 to 30.6 F). Ecology The Sea is the main home for whales and sea birds and is still not used by commercial traffic. The Beaufort Sea is the southern end limit for the Polar bear in North America. Beaufort Sea contains more than 70 species of phytoplankton and nearly 80 species of zooplankton. Bottom of fauna consists of 700 species of polychaetes, bryozoans, crustaceans, and mollusks.


With which sport is Nadia Comneci associated?

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What holds the records as the world's longest-running science fiction television show?

BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Dr Who 'longest-running sci-fi' Dr Who 'longest-running sci-fi' David Tennant took over the role of the Doctor in 2005 Doctor Who has been named TV's longest-running sci-fi show, after 43 years and 723 episodes, according to the Guinness Book of Records. "This achievement is all thanks to the remarkable production team who first created Doctor Who," said Russell T Davies, who penned the TV revival. He also thanked the audience "who have kept it alive for all these years". The series began on 23 November, 1963, and was revived in 2005 after 16 years off the screen. William Hartnell played the original Doctor Who, with Jon Pertwee, Tom Baker and Peter Davison among those following in his footsteps. Christopher Eccleston took up the mantle of the ninth Timelord last year - following the show's relaunch. He was replaced after just one series by David Tennant after Eccleston dropped out. Guinness World Records editor, Craig Glenday, added: "This is a proud day for Doctor fans everywhere." US series Stargate SG-1, now in its 10th series, holds the world record for "longest-running science fiction show (consecutive)". It launched in 1997 and has run for 203 episodes without a break. Hit US series The X Files previously held the record, notching up 202 episodes.


Types of Pet Monitor Lizards Menu Types of Monitors Although there are over 70 different species of monitor lizards, only a few are commonly found in the pet trade. The types available range from small to large and live in different habitats. Below is a list of some of the more common types found as pets. The list is not all-inclusive and other species may be available. Blue-Tailed Monitor The blue-tailed monitor gets its name from the blue bands on its tail. It can be found in Australia, New Guinea, and various islands. It can spend time on land, in the water, and in trees. This lizard can grow up to four feet in length and can be tamed over time. Dumeril’s Monitor The Dumeril’s monitor is found in Asia and the islands of Indonesia. This lizard may spend its time in trees, on the ground, and in the water. It can grow to around five feet long and is a dark brown color with lighter bands on its back. The Dumeril’s monitor can be tamed over time. Mangrove Monitor The mangrove monitor can be found in Australia, New Guinea, and various islands. It will spend its time on land, in trees, and in the water. This lizard can grow to be four feet long and is a black or brown color with patterns of light spots. With time, the mangrove monitor can become quite tame. Nile Monitor The Nile monitor is a hardy lizard that lives throughout Africa. As an adult in can be over five feet long. It is a black or brown color with rows of yellow spots. The Nile monitor is often available as a pet, but is a difficult lizard to tame. Ornate Monitor The ornate monitor is from the forests of Africa. It is a black lizard with rows of yellow spots and a banded tail. It can grow to be over five feet long. Although a very attractive animal, the ornate monitor is often a difficult lizard to tame. Ridge-Tailed Monitor The ridge-tailed monitor can be found in the arid regions of Australia. It is a smaller monitor and only grows up to about two feet in length. This lizard is a brown color with yellow spots and a spiny tail. Rough-Necked Monitor The rough-necked monitor is found in Asia and Indonesia and spends most of its time living in trees. It can grow to be over four feet long and is a slender lizard with a semi-prehensile tail. The rough-necked monitor is a timid reptile, but can be tamed over time. Savanna Monitor The savanna monitor is a stocky lizard from Africa where it spends most of its time on the ground or in a burrow. It often reaches a length of five feet and is usually a gray or dull yellow color. The savanna is one of the more common monitors available as a pet and can become quite tame. Timor Monitor The Timor monitor can be found in Australia, New Guinea, and Indonesia. This is an active monitor that spends its time in trees. It is usually a black color with yellow spots. The Timor is a small monitor and may only grow to about twenty inches in length. Tree Monitors (emerald tree monitor pictured) Tree monitors are slender lizards with prehensile tails. There are several species and they can be green, black, yellow, and blue. They are hardy and attractive reptiles that spend their time in trees. Tree monitors are smaller species and only grow to around three feet long. White-Throated Monitor The white-throated monitor is another stocky lizard from Africa. It spends its time on the ground or in a burrow. It can grow to be over six feet long and is usually a dark gray color with dark bands on the tail. The white-throated monitor can be tamed, but is often an unruly lizard.


Japatis are part of the cuisine of which country?

Asian Cuisine & Foods : Asian-Nation :: Asian American History, Demographics, & Issues Take the Chinese Restaurant Etiquette Quiz Another well-known aspect of Asian and Asian American culture is food, or more specifically, the different traditions of Asian cuisine and cooking. Reflecting the broad diversity of histories and experiences within our community, there are also many unique types of cuisine that come from our numerous ethnic cultures. As the modern Asian American population continues to develop and evolve, we are also witnessing a fascinating transformation of Asian ethnic cuisine as it blends traditional and contemporary aspects into a uniquely Asian American creation. The Three Dietary Cultures of Asia Cooking is one of the oldest of human activities. When human evolution was at the hunter-gatherer stage, cooking was very simple -- kill something, throw it on the fire along with whatever vegetables and fruits were found that day, and eat. Spices and cooking equipment were rather simple at that time and there probably was not much variety in the average diet back then. Since those very early beginnings, cooking has become almost an art form but still remains a fundamental part of our everyday lives. Although many Asian cultures share the tradition of gathering the family or clan together to socialize or celebrate over a big meal, the various cultures of Asia each developed their own ethnic cuisine through the interaction of history, environment, and culture. Culinary historians and anthropologists tend to identified three main categories of Asian dietary cultures that have developed through the centuries. As with virtually any classification system, there is some overlap, but they roughly represent to the main groups or types of traditional Asian cooking. The first is known as the southwest style that includes cuisines from India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Burma. Having its roots in Persian-Arabian civilization, the eating of nan (or flat bread) became widespread, along with mutton, kebabs (derived from Turkish cooking), and the use of hot peppers, black pepper, cloves, and other strong spices, along with ghee (a butter oil). Curry also became a staple in this dietary culture. Through the teachings of Hinduism, cows were used only for their milk and not for meat. In addition to rice, chapati made from wheat or barley are also a staple part of the diet, and beans also play an important role in meals. The second major dietary culture of Asia is the northeast tradition, comprising China, Korea, and Japan. This tradition developed to emphasize using fats, oils, and sauces in cooking. In the northeast dietary culture, the foods, spices, and seasonings go beyond being mere foodstuffs as they are also used as medicines to promote a long and healthy life. In addition, food became associated with many religious traditions as well, as many northeast Asian cultures frequently used food as symbolic offerings to worship their ancestors. Arguably, Chinese cuisine has become the most prominent of all Asian styles of cooking, with several different styles based on region -- the most basic difference being between northern and southern styles of Chinese cuisine. Southern dishes emphasize freshness and tenderness while due to the colder weather, northern dishes are relatively oily and the use of vinegar and garlic tends to be more popular. In contrast, Japanese cooking came to emphasize the frequent use of deep-frying (i.e., tempura, etc.) using vegetable oil or conversely, raw foods (i.e., sushi and sashimi). In Korea, much of the tradition cuisine is centered on grilling or sauteing and the use of hot chili spices (i.e., kim chi, etc.). Finally, the third major dietary culture of Asia is the southeast style, which includes Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei. The traditional emphasis in this region is on aromatic and lightly-prepared foods, using a delicate balance of quick stir-frying, steaming, and/or boiling, supplemented with discrete spices and seasonings, includ


What nickname was given to Mary Mallon, who infected a known 53 people working as a cook in New York and, in 1907, was the first healthy typhoid carrier to be identified?

Mary Mallon Mary Mallon "Typhoid Mary" redirects here. For the fictional character, see Typhoid Mary (comics). Mary Mallon (September 23, 1869 – November 11, 1938), also known as Typhoid Mary, was the first person in the United States to be identified as a healthy carrier of typhoid fever . Over the course of her career as a cook, she is known to have infected 53 people, three of whom died from the disease. Her notoriety is in part due to her vehement denial of her own role in spreading the disease, together with her refusal to cease working as a cook. She was forcibly quarantined twice by public health authorities and died in quarantine. It is possible that she was born with the disease, as her mother had typhoid fever during her pregnancy. Cook Mallon was born in 1869 in County Tyrone, Ireland (now Northern Ireland ), and emigrated to the United States in 1884. She worked as a cook in the New York City area from 1900 to 1907. She had been working in a house in Mamaroneck, New York, for less than two weeks when the residents came down with typhoid. She moved to Manhattan in 1901, and members of the family for whom she worked developed fevers and diarrhea and the laundress died. She then went to work for a lawyer until seven of the eight household members developed typhoid; Mary spent months helping to care for the people she made sick, but her care further spread the disease through the household. In 1906, she took a position in Long Island ; within two weeks, six out of eleven family members were hospitalized with typhoid. She changed employment again and three more households were infected. People catch typhoid fever after ingesting food or water that has been contaminated during handling by a human carrier. The human carrier is usually a healthy person who has survived a previous episode of typhoid fever but in whom the typhoid bacteria have been able to survive without causing further symptoms. Carriers continue to excrete the bacteria in their feces and urine . It takes vigorous scrubbing and thorough disinfection with soap and hot water to remove the bacteria from the hands. When typhoid researcher George Soper approached Mallon with the news she was possibly spreading typhoid, she adamantly rejected his request for urine and stool samples to ascertain whether she was a typhoid carrier. Soper left and later published his findings in the June 15, 1906, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. On his next contact with her, he brought a doctor with him, but was turned away again. Mallon's denials that she was a carrier were based in part on the diagnosis of a reputable chemist who had found she was not harboring the bacteria. It is possible she was in temporary remission when tested. Moreover, when Soper first told her she was a carrier, the concept that a person could spread disease and remain healthy was not well known. What is more, Soper may have been somewhat tactless with her; class prejudice and prejudice towards the Irish were very strong, as was a lingering belief that dirty, slum -dwelling immigrants were a major cause of epidemics. During a later encounter in the hospital, he told Mary that he would write a book about her and give her all the royalties; she angrily rejected his proposal and locked herself in the lavatory until he left. Quarantine The New York City Health Department sent Dr. Sara Josephine Baker to talk to Mary, but "by that time she was convinced that the law was wantonly persecuting her when she had done nothing wrong." A few days later, Baker arrived at Mary's place of work with several police officers and took her into custody. The New York City health inspector investigated and found her to be a carrier. Under powers granted by sections 1169 and 1170 of the Greater New York Charter, Mallon was held in isolation for three years at a hospital located on North Brother Island. Eventually, a new health commissioner decided that Mallon could be freed from quarantine if she agreed to no longer work as a cook and to take reasonable steps to prevent transmitting typhoid to oth


Which amendment to the US constitution provides freedom of religion, assembly, speech and the press?

First Amendment | Constitution | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute U.S. Constitution First Amendment The First Amendment guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition.  It forbids Congress from both promoting one religion over others and also restricting an individual’s religious practices .  It guarantees freedom of expression by prohibiting Congress from restricting the press or the rights of individuals to speak freely.  It also guarantees the right of citizens to assemble peaceably and to petition their government .


"The home of the drink called ""bourbon"" is Bourbon County. What state of the USA is it in?"

Jazz, Bourbon whiskey and Kentucky on Pinterest Forward Kentucky Vintage- Bourbon 101- Bourbon whiskey is a type of American whiskey: a barrel-aged distilled spirit made primarily from corn. The name is ultimately derived from the French Bourbon dynasty, although it is disputed whether the namesake Kentucky county or New Orleans street inspired the whiskey's name.[1] Bourbon has been distilled since the 18th century.[2] See More


What is the name for money obtained from illegal activities?

single word requests - What do you call money earned through unethical sources? - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange What do you call money earned through unethical sources? 4 Money/Assets/Property that is earned through unethical sources is  called ? Money that is earned through bad sources like corrupted politics, corrupted business, ransom money, stolen or theft money. What is such money called? Is it bad money, black money. What is one particular name for it? It is called wealth. –  Brian Donovan Jul 12 '14 at 13:23 1   @BrianDonovan wealth is the general name for good or bad money. btw nice pick –  vaibhav Jul 14 '14 at 15:38 1 up vote 81 down vote accepted It is often called: dirty money: Profit from the sale of narcotics, prostitution, guns, or other illegal activities. Money that needs to be laundered. money obtained illegally. 4   This is not a discussion forum; it is a question-and-answer site. Good answers are those composed mainly of one’s own words, supported by citations and references as needed. When there is nothing whatsoever but a copypasted dictionary definition, there is nothing original and therefore very little of value. –  tchrist♦ Jul 13 '14 at 2:16 11   Well, how about a suggestion for adding more to this answer: it's worth noting that the process of getting rid of dirty money to get money that is more safely usable is called money laundering, literally cleaning the money. –  KRyan Jul 13 '14 at 15:42 4   @tchrist While I agree with your comment, I feel compelled to point out that your first sentence, as written, might be read by a user unfamiliar with this site's policies as contradicting your second. You should clarify that the reason why pure-citation answers are inappropriate for a question-and-answer site is that they don't add value that distinguishes us from a commonly-available reference, and thereby reduces the utility of the site as a source of information not available in those sources. –  user867 Jul 15 '14 at 1:51 12 This answers the question perfectly. No commentary is necessary. –  Kik Jul 15 '14 at 13:05 1   Regarding "laundering" of dirty money, it is the passing of money gained through illicit means through banks, services, and asset purchases to confuse attempts to trace a particular bit of cash or an asset back to the original crime. Laundered money is still technically an illicit gain, but after enough scrubbing, might not be legally seizable. –  Phil Perry Jul 15 '14 at 15:06 3   I've never heard of dirty money as necessarily having previous criminal owners. Ill-gotten gains is certainly a good suggestion, but I don't think your distinction holds. –  KRyan Jul 13 '14 at 15:43 4   I agree that ill-gotten gains would be an odd choice to call money you didn't gain yourself through ill means. But I don't think anyone would find it odd to call money you got from a bank heist dirty money. –  KRyan Jul 13 '14 at 16:34 1   @KRyan: I only said mine was a reasonably consistent distinction. I've no idea how many of the upvotes for this answer are specifically agreeing with my contention that such a distinction is often recognised. Perhaps no-one except me recognises it, and all the upvotes are just because "ill-gotten gains" has always been more common than "dirty money" . –  FumbleFingers Jul 13 '14 at 17:04 2   If I were answering this question, I'd have answered with "Ill gotten gains" but when I saw "dirty money", I immediately thought that was also an excellent answer. As to the distinction made by Fumble, I can see his point, but I'm not sure the distinction is always there. However; there are certainly times, where "dirty money" fits much better than "Ill.." as Fumble himself points out. +1 –  TecBrat Jul 14 '14 at 15:54 1   @TecBrat: Once again, I am not claiming my distinction is "always there". I'm saying that to the extent anyone might ever wish to assign the two different terms to money which passes through the hands of numerous different people engaged in a chain of immoral activity on the one hand, and money improperly acquired by one person through an activity


Franz Ferdinand, whose assassination triggered World War I, was a member of which family?

Archduke Franz Ferdinand descendant: don't blame us for first world war | World news | The Guardian Archduke Franz Ferdinand descendant: don't blame us for first world war Karl Habsburg-Lothringen says major powers were ready for war anyway when heir to Habsburg empire was assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand talks to religious figures in Sarajevo, shortly before he was assassinated. Photograph: Hulton Archive/Getty Images Cathrin Kahlweit in Vienna and Philip Oltermann in Berlin Wednesday 15 January 2014 12.11 EST First published on Wednesday 15 January 2014 12.11 EST Close This article is 3 years old A descendant of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, whose assassination in Sarajevo triggered the first world war, has said that his family should not be blamed for causing the war that led to 37 million people killed or wounded. In an interview with a European group of newspapers including the Guardian, Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, the grandson of the last emperor of the Austro-Hungarian empire, Charles I, said: "If you were to simplify it, you could say that the shooting in Sarajevo started the first world war. But if there hadn't been the shooting in Sarajevo, it would have kicked off three weeks later somewhere else." The fatal shooting of the Austrian archduke on 28 June 1914, by the 19-year-old Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip, is widely held to have triggered a chain reaction that dragged Russia, Germany and eventually France and Britain into war. Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, son of Otto von Habsburg. Photograph: Isifa/Getty Images Habsburg-Lothringen said he believed there was no need for his family to show remorse for the tragedy of the first world war "because that would mean we had been guilty in the first place, and that we would have to redeem ourselves for something". "It would be wrong to point the finger at one state," he said. "If you do that, you would have to take into account that there were already significant tensions, especially between Germany and Russia, who had already started to mobilise their troops along the borders." He said he sympathised with the thesis that there was a readiness for war among all the leading European nations. "Many were already in the starting blocks, waiting for the great conflict. If you had to blame someone, then the greatest blame would lie with nationalism itself," he said. Austria-Hungary, an empire of 50 million people, and tsarist Russia had for decades pursued a policy of confrontation over influence in eastern Europe , leading to the 1912 Balkan war that anticipated the larger conflict. But Habsburg-Lothringen said his grandfather, the last emperor, had only "inherited the war". "He had nothing to do with it. In addition, he had made several attempts to pacify the situation, which he was criticised for at the time, and he used family contacts to lead peace talks." Charles I "clearly saw that a basic problem was the situation of the Slavic people within the Habsburg empire". "Maybe he also realised that the Serbs saw him as their main enemy," Habsburg-Lothringen said, "because he wanted to balance out, but essentially minimise, the dominating influence of the Serbs among the Slavic people." Princip wanted Bosnia to become part of Serbia; Austria issued Serbia with a series of demands which would force them to investigate the killing and crack down on anti-Austrian propaganda, demands that were mostly accepted by Serbia; a month later Austria declared war on Serbia. When Russia mobilised in support of its ally Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia, and then France, and invaded Belgium. When Germany did not withdraw from Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August. Otto von Habsburg, pictured in 1936. Photograph: Imagno/Getty Images Some historians argue the Habsburg empire's multi-ethnic central European policy had become outdated and was doomed for failure. But Habsburg-Lothringen argued that the vision pursued by his father, Otto von Habsburg, the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary, was more relevant than ever. "I am happy that Europe has developed in the way in whic


"In cricket, what term is used to describe the situation when a batsman is ""out"" from the first ball they face?"

Basics Cricket is a team sport for two teams of eleven players each. A formal game of cricket can last anything from an afternoon to several days. Although the game play and rules are very different, the basic concept of cricket is similar to that of baseball. Teams bat in successive innings and attempt to score runs, while the opposing team fields and attempts to bring an end to the batting team's innings. After each team has batted an equal number of innings (either one or two, depending on conditions chosen before the game), the team with the most runs wins. (Note: In cricket-speak, the word "innings" is used for both the plural and the singular. "Inning" is a term used only in baseball.) The Field A cricket field is a roughly elliptical field of flat grass, ranging in size from about 90 to 150 metres (100-160 yards) across, bounded by an obvious fence or other marker. There is no fixed size or shape for the field, although large deviations from a low-eccentricity ellipse are discouraged. In the centre of the field, and usually aligned along the long axis of the ellipse, is the pitch , a carefully prepared rectangle of closely mown and rolled grass over hard packed earth. It is marked with white lines, called creases, like this: The dimensions are in centimetres (divide by 2.54 for inches). The Play The order in which the teams bat is determined by a coin toss. The captain of the side winning the toss may elect to bat or field first. All eleven players of the fielding team go out to field, two players of the batting team go out to bat. The remainder of the batting team wait off the field for their turn to bat. Each batsman wears protective gear and carries a cricket bat. The game progresses by the bowling of balls. The sequence of events which constitutes a ball follows: The fielding team disperses around the field, to positions designed to stop runs being scored or to get batsmen out. One fielder is the bowler. He takes the ball and stands some distance behind one of the wickets (i.e., away from the pitch). Another fielder is the wicket-keeper, who wears a pair of webbed gloves designed for catching the ball and protective pads covering the shins. He squats behind the opposite wicket. The rest of the fielders have no special equipment - gloves to assist catching the ball are not allowed to anyone but the wicket-keeper. One batsman stands behind each popping crease, near a wicket. The batsman farthest from the bowler is the striker, the other is the non-striker. The striker stands before his wicket, on or near the popping crease, in the batting stance. For a right-handed batsman, the feet are positioned like this: The batsman stands with his bat held down in front of the wicket, ready to hit the ball, which will be bowled from the other end of the pitch. The batsman usually rests the lower end of the bat on the pitch and then taps the bat on the pitch a few times as "warm-up" backswings. The non-striker simply stands behind the other popping crease, waiting to run if necessary. The bowler takes a run-up from behind the non-striker's wicket. He passes to one side of the wicket, and when he reaches the non-striker's popping crease he bowls the ball towards the striker, usually bouncing the ball once on the pitch before it reaches the striker. (The bowling action will be described in detail later.) The striker may then attempt to hit the ball with his bat. If he misses it, the wicket-keeper will catch it and the ball is completed. If he hits it, the two batsmen may score runs (described later). When the runs are completed, the ball is also considered completed. The ball is considered to be in play from the moment the bowler begins his run-up. It remains in play until any of several conditions occur (two common ones were just described), after which it is called dead. The ball is also dead if it lodges in the striker's clothing or equipment. Once the ball is dead, it is returned to the bowler for the next delivery (another name for the bowling of a ball). Between deliveries, the batsmen may leave their creases and confer