By what name was the Democratic Republic of the Congo known between 1971 and 1997?

Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo Share By Matt Rosenberg On May 17, 1997, the African country of Zaire became known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo . This name is not really new; before the country was called Zaire, it had been known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1971 the country and even the huge Congo River were renamed Zaire by former President Sese Seko Mobutu. In 1997 General Laurent Kabila took control of Zaire country and returned it to the name the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which it held prior to 1971. A new flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo of was also introduced to the world. The Democratic Republic of the Congo, the setting for Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, was called "Africa's most unstable country" in 1993. Their economic problems and government corruption required intervention from Western nations over the past few decades. The country is about half Catholic has 250 different ethnic groups within its borders. There is inherent geographical confusion in this change due to the fact that the Democratic Republic of the Congo's western neighbor is known as the Republic of the Congo , a name which it has held since 1991. continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World Major differences exist between the two equatorial Congo neighbors. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is much larger in both population and area. The population of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is about 69 million but the Republic of the Congo has a mere 4 million. The area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is over 905,000 square miles (2.3 million square kilometers) but the Republic of the Congo has 132,000 square miles (342,000 square kilometers). The Democratic Republic of the Congo holds 65% of the world's cobalt reserves and both countries rely on oil, sugar, and other natural resources. The official language of both Congos is French. These two timelines of Congolese history might help sort out the history of their names: Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1877 - Henry Stanley explores the region for Belgium 1908 - Becomes Belgian Congo June 30, 1960 - Independence for the Republic of the Congo 1964 - Becomes People's Republic of the Congo 1966 - Mobutu takes control and the country becomes the Democratic Republic of the Congo October 27, 1971 - Becomes Republic of Zaire 1996 - Mobutu is in Europe with prostate cancer so rebels, led by General Laurent Kabila attacked the Zairian army March 1997 - Mobutu returns from Europe May 17, 1997 - Kabila and his troops take the capital, Kinshasa and Mobutu goes into exile. Zaire becomes the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There is worldwide confusion about the change September 7, 1997 - Mobutu died in Morocco Republic of the Congo 1885 - Becomes the French territory Middle Congo 1910 - The territory of French Equatorial Africa is created, Middle Congo is a district 1960 - Independence for the Republic of the Congo 1970 - Becomes the People's Republic of the Congo 1991 - Name returns to the Republic of the Congo


Which young singer/songwriter was born near Halifax in 1991 but was raised in Suffolk, he has released two albums, + (plus) and x (multiply)?

Ed Sheeran | Ed Sheeran Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Sheeran was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire but moved to Framlingham, Suffolk as a child. His father, John Sheeran, is an art curator and lecturer. His mother, Imogen Lock, is a culture publicist-turned-jewellery designer. His parents ran the independent art consultancy, Sheeran Lock, from 1990 to 2010. Sheeran has an older brother, Matthew, who is a classical composer and postgraduate music student. s paternal grandparents were Irish and he was raised as a Roman Catholic. He sang in a local church choir from the age of four, learned guitar at a very young age, and began writing songs during his time at Thomas Mills High School in Framlingham. His early childhood memories include listening to Van Morrison on his trips to London with his parents and going to an intimate Damien Rice gig in Ireland when he was eleven. He is a patron of the Youth Music Theatre UK. He was accepted at the National Youth Theatre as a teenager ass . Music Career Edit Sheeran began music recording in 2005, and released his first independent EP, The Orange Room EP. He moved to London in 2008, and began playing in very small venues. In 2008, he auditioned for the ITV series Britannia High. He also opened for Nizlopi in Norwich in April 2008 after being one of their guitar technicians. In 2009, Sheeran played 312 gigs. He recalls reading an interview with James Morrison that said that Morrison had done 200 gigs in a year, and Sheeran wanted to surpass that number. He released another EP in 2009, You Need Me , just before going on tour with Just Jack. He also did a few collaborations with Essex singer-songwriter Leddra Chapman, including Cee Lo Green's Fuck You. In February 2010 Sheeran posted a video through SB.TV, and mainstream rapper Example invited Sheeran to tour with him. In February 2010, he also released his critically acclaimed Loose Change EP, which featured his later debut single " The A Team ". In April 2010, Sheeran bought a ticket to Los Angeles, with no contacts other than one poetry night. He played open mic nights all over the city, before he was spotted at The Foxxhole by Jamie Foxx , who was so impressed that he offered Sheeran the use of his recording studio and the run of his Hollywood home for the rest of his stay. Throughout 2010, Sheeran began to be seen by more people over the internet through YouTube and his fan-base grew, with him also getting credit from The Independent newspaper, England football captain Rio Ferdinand and Elton John . Sheeran also self-released two other EPs in 2010; Ed Sheeran: Live at the Bedford and Songs I Wrote With Amy , which is a collection of love songs he wrote in Wales with fellow singer songwriter Amy Wadge . On 8 January 2011, Sheeran released his independent EP, No. 5 Collaborations Project featuring appearances by grime artists including Wiley, JME, Devlin, Sway and Ghetts. With this EP, Sheeran gained mainstream attention for reaching number 2 in the iTunes chart without any promotion or label, selling over 7,000 copies in its first week. Three months later, Sheeran put on a free show to fans at the Barfly in Camden. Over 1,000 fans turned up to see the show, so Sheeran ended up playing four different shows to make sure everyone saw a gig, including a gig outside on the street after the venue had closed. Later that month, Sheeran was signed to Asylum / Atlantic Records . 2011-13: + and International success Edit On 26 April 2011, Sheeran appeared on the TV music show Later... with Jools Holland – where he performed his debut single " The A Team ". Six weeks later, "The A Team" was released as a digital download in the UK. The release served as the lead single from Sheeran's debut studio album, entitled + . "The A Team" entered the UK Singles Chart at number three, selling over 58,000 copies in the first week. It was the best selling debut single and the overall eighth-best selling single of 2011, shifting 801,000 copies. The lead single also became a top ten hit in Australia, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norw


How is the bird Erithacus rubecula more commonly known?

European Robin - Pictures and facts - Birds @ thewebsiteofeverything.com Fish European Robin The European Robin , most commonly known in Anglophone Europe simply as the Robin, is a small insectivorous passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family , but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher . Around 12.5–14.0 cm in length, the male and female are similar in colouration, with an orange breast and face lined with grey, brown upperparts and a whitish belly. It is found across Europe, east to Western Siberia and south to North Africa; it is sedentary in most of its range except the far north. Picture of the European Robin has been licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike . Original source: originally posted to Flickr as Singing for spring - Version 2 Author: Ernst ViknePermission(Reusing this file)This image, which was originally posted to Flickr.com, was uploaded to Commons using Flickr upload bot on 10:19, 16 April 2010 (UTC) by Snowmanradio (talk). On that date it was licensed under the license below. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license.You are free:to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work The European Robin is classified as Least Concern. Does not qualify for a more at risk category. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. The European Robin (Erithacus rubecula), most commonly known in  Anglophone Europe simply as the Robin, is a small insectivorous  passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush  family (Turdidae), but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher  (Muscicapidae). Around 12.5–14.0 cm (5.0–5.5 in) in length, the male  and female are similar in colouration, with an orange breast and face  lined with grey, brown upperparts and a whitish belly. More European robins have brown legs and their tail is bluntly  square. They have large, black eyes and a small black bill.   European robins have a lovely warm, warble that consists of a melodic  rippling of notes. In autumn and winter, some say their song becomes  more mournful and melancholy than it is in spring and summer. Their  call is a sharp, highly pitched 'twick' or 'tick' that can be repeated  in a series of rapid outbursts. More The European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) or - in Europe - simply Robin  is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the  thrush family, but is now considered to belong to the Old World  flycatchers (Muscicapidae). European Robins and similar small European  species are often called chats.   It occurs all over Europe to Western Siberia, south to Algeria and on  the Atlantic Ocean as far as the Azores and Madeira. In the south  east, it reaches the Caucasus range. More The European Robin was one of the many species originally described by  Linnaeus in his 18th century work, Systema Naturae, under the name of  Motacilla rubecula. Its specific epithet rubecula is a diminutive  derived from the Latin ruber 'red'. The genus Erithacus was created  by French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1800, giving the bird its  current binomial name of E. rubecula. More song, the European Robin Erithacus rubecula is a familiar and  much-loved species across most of the country - so well-known and  well-regarded that it was chosen as Britain’s National Bird in a  public ballot in 1960, was overwhelmingly voted favourite garden bird  in an online poll run by the The Royal Society for the Protection of  Birds (RSPB) in 2004, and also won a Gold Medal Award after being  voted Scotland’s favourite bird in the RSPB Scotland Centenary Awards. More European Robin is really the king of the gardens. Rather solitary  outside the breeding season, it is very close to us in winter, begging  some bread crumbs at the kitchen’s door. It will consume also insects,  worms, fruits, seeds, and will sing for us in at dawn as soon as the  spring begins. Its melodious song charms us even if it awakes us!  According to the ar


Ken Livingstone was runner-up to Boris Johnson in both of the last two elections for Mayor of London, who is the former Deputy Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, Liberal Democrat candidate who finished third and fourth?

May plans to open new grammar schools, confidential document reveals - as it happened https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/live/2016/sep/06/keith-vaz-resign-no-confidence-quit-as-commons-home-affairs-committee-chair-politics-live
Rolling coverage of all the day’s political developments as they happen, including the home affairs committee meeting to discuss the future of Keith Vaz

Lunchtime summary

Keith Vaz’s resignation statement

Afternoon summary

 <time datetime="2016-09-06T16:06:51.450Z">5.06pm BST</time>

It is ridiculous that after a full two months waiting to get even the barest bones of what their Brexit plans are, ministers are still ‘just expressing opinions’. If the Brexit secretary doesn’t know what government policy on Brexit is then who does ? It is ludicrous.

There is clearly utter confusion at the heart of the UK government and on a matter so desperately important – with businesses and people across the UK as a whole looking for some degree of clarity – that is deeply worrying.

 <time datetime="2016-09-06T15:35:10.902Z">4.35pm BST</time>

And here is Sam Freedman, a former special adviser to Michael Gove when Gove was education secretary, on the grammar school “leak”. He is now executive director at Teach First.

The really interesting thing about that snippet is that the DfE think they have to change the law to open more grammars.

This is very encouraging as it will make it much harder to open more.

 <time datetime="2016-09-06T15:27:00.841Z">4.27pm BST</time>

Kevin Courtney, the National Union of Teachers’ general secretary, has put out a lengthy statement condemning the plans to open new grammar schools. Here is an extract.

Opening new grammar schools would not only be a backward step but is also a complete distraction from the real problems facing schools and education. For every grammar school there are three or four ‘secondary modern’ schools. All the evidence makes clear that segregating children in this way leads to lower academic standards. The argument that grammar schools create ‘social mobility’ are, in the words of the Ofsted chief inspector, ‘tosh and nonsense’. Evidence shows that in areas which retain grammar schools, disadvantaged students – who are eligible for FSM or who live in poor neighbourhoods – are much less likely to be enrolled, even if they score highly on Key Stage 2 tests.

 <time datetime="2016-09-06T15:24:20.640Z">4.24pm BST</time>

On the Andrew Marr show on Sunday Theresa May was asked directly if she intended to allow more grammar schools to open.

The Jonathan Slater document (see 3.55pm) suggests the answer is clearly yes.


Which Greek letter is used in maths to show that the values following it should be summed together?

Greek alphabet Greek alphabet Greek alphabet Mathematics requires a large number of symbols to stand for abstract objects, such as numbers , sets , functions , and spaces, so the use of Greek letters was introduced long ago to provide a collection of useful symbols to supplement the usual Roman letters. To us these symbols may seem quite foreign, and they are difficult to become familiar with. However, at the time they were introduced most scholars had been taught at least some Latin and Greek during their education, so the letters did not seem nearly so strange to them as they do to us. Since then, each new generation of mathematicians has just gotten used to using them. The table below lists all of the letters in the Greek alphabet, upper-case and lower-case, with their names and pronunciations. The lower-case letters are used more often than the upper-case letters, but the latter are used often enough. (The upper-case letters in gray are not used as Greek symbols per se, because they are generally indistinguishable from their Roman-letter equivalents.) The lower-case letters are most often used for variables, such as angles and complex numbers, and for functions and formulas, while the upper-case letters more commonly stand for sets and spaces, and sometimes for repeated arithmetic operations such as adding and multiplying (see Sigma and Pi). In any particular textbook or paper, the way in which these symbols should be interpreted should generally be clear from the context and definitions. The pronunciations provided are not necessarily the “correct” ones, but reflect the most common pronunciations in use in English speaking countries. The information and character table on this page are also available as a download and as an inexpensive poster . CAP


What was the title of the Andrew Lloyd-Webber musical about the Profumo Affair that flopped in early 2014?

Stephen Ward musical to close after four months in the West End | Stage | The Guardian Stephen Ward musical to close after four months in the West End Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical about the Profumo affair will end its run on 29 March Early exit … Stephen Ward, Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical on the Profumo affair. Photograph: Nobby Clark Close This article is 2 years old Viva Forever lasted seven months . From Here to Eternity will have survived for five by its last performance in March. Stephen Ward will only scrape to four , after it posted closing notices last night. Andrew Lloyd Webber's new musical had previously announced an extension until the end of May, but those plans were pulled and the last performance will now take place on 29 March – less than a month after its initial booking period. The musical's failure will be a huge blow to Lloyd Webber. "I haven't had a hit in 20 years," he told the Telegraph in December . "I've written six musicals in that time." However, none of those have flopped quite like Stephen Ward. Even the roundly mocked Love Never Dies strung together an 18-month run at the Aldwych theatre, while his collaboration with Ben Elton, The Beautiful Game, lasted 11 months. That show will at least have a chance to restore its reputation later this year; its first London revival was announced yesterday. Lotte Wakeham, associate director on Matilda, will direct a fringe production that opens on 3 April at the Union theatre. Niamh Perry, who competed for the role of Nancy in Lloyd Webber's BBC casting show I'd Do Anything, will lead the cast. Love Never Dies saw its reputation overturned by its Australian premiere, which was subsequently released on DVD. Stephen Ward's producer Robert Fox said that he hoped the new musical would achieve the same feat in the future, praising Stephen Ward as "possibly Andrew's best score in years, paired with some of the finest writing and lyrics Don [Black] and Christopher [Hampton] have ever delivered. "I am very sad to see the show close in London, but firmly believe this piece will be seen by many audiences in the future." The musical, directed by Richard Eyre, charts the unravelling of the Profumo affair, centring on the osteopath who introduced the politician John Profumo to Christine Keeler. It had a budget of £2.5m, but has reportedly been playing to half full houses for the last month. Tickets priced at £67.50 were available for £39.50. Lloyd Webber said in December that he may not be able to afford to continue writing musicals. "The costs of doing musicals have risen absolutely hugely," he said. "I don't think I've got enough money to do very many more."


Having written more than one hundred of them, who is known as the Father of the Symphony?

Symphony - encyclopedia article - Citizendium       This editable Main Article has an approved citable version (see its Citable Version subpage ). While we have done conscientious work, we cannot guarantee that this Main Article, or its citable version, is wholly free of mistakes. By helping to improve this editable Main Article, you will help the process of generating a new, improved citable version. (CC) Photo: Alton Thompson A concert hall , where symphonies are played. A symphony is a large-scale musical composition for an orchestra . Since the late eighteenth century, composers have regarded the symphony as “the central form of orchestral composition”, similar to how writers of fiction regard the novel and filmmakers the feature film. [1] According to music historian Michael Kennedy, the symphony “is reserved by composers for their most weighty and profound orchestral thoughts, but of course there are many light-hearted, witty, and entertaining symphonies.” [2] In the present day the symphony is a principal element of orchestral concerts in the United States and Europe, and the very name "symphony orchestra", a common synonym for “orchestra”, attests to the symphony’s predominance in the classical concert hall. Contents History Beginnings  the Baroque (1600 - ca. 1750) and early Classical periods (ca. 1750 - 1770s) In the seventeenth century, a "sinfonia" was, most generally, a short instrumental piece that served as an introduction to a larger work, such as an overture to an opera or a cantata . However, the term could also refer to an instrumental work that stood alone, such as a concerto grosso (e.g. Alessandro Stradella’s sinfonie a più istrumenti, "symphonies with more instruments"). Moreover, the terms "sinfonia", "concerto", and "trio sonata" were often used as synonyms. There were two general types of overture in the seventeenth century: the Italian opera sinfonia, exemplified by the works of Alessandro Scarlatti; and the French Overture, exemplified by the works of Jean-Baptiste Lully. Both types of overture were most often structured in three movements; however, the structure of an Italian sinfonia was fast-slow-fast, while that of a French Overture was slow-fast-slow. Regardless of the type, an overture was composed for a small orchestra (no more than fifteen players), was relatively easy to play, and was short in duration (typically six or seven minutes). [3] During the eighteenth century, the overture or sinfonia as "symphony"an independent, multi-movement musical piece for concert performance with (as opposed to a concerto ) no one dominant instrumentdeveloped in various parts of Europe concurrently, particularly in Italy, as evidenced by works by Giovanni Battista Sammartini ; Vienna, notably by Georg Christoph Wagenseil and Georg Matthias Monn ; London, notably by Johann Christian Bach and Carl Friedrich Abel ; North Germany, where a group of early symphonists included Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach ; and Mannheim, Germany, where early symphonies were written by Johann Stamitz most especially. At this time the symphony was a structure still under development, and repeated experimentation was expanding the complexity of this relatively new musical form. Symphonies composed in the eighteenth century until the 1770s are referred to as “preclassical” and their composers as “preclassical symphonists”. [4] Why did the symphony grow in prominence? In the Baroque period, secular music for the first time became more prominent than sacred music. New musical forms such as the sinfonia-as-proto-symphony registered this change wherein the concert hall, rather than the church, became the premier venue for which to compose music. The first collections of concert symphonies (still referred to as sinfonias) were published in various places in Europe, such as London, between 1740 and 1750. [5] Growth of the new musical form was also linked to the expansion of the concept of the orchestra itself. The court orchestras during the Baroque period expanded in size to comprise up to twenty players representing various families


In English law, what name is given to the defence whereby an accused alleges that he or she was unlawfully pressured to perform the act in question?

Duhaime's Criminal Law Dictionary Duhaime's Law Dictionary Duhaime's Criminal Law Dictionary Criminal Law is that body of the law that deals with conduct considered so harmful to society as a whole that it is prohibited by statute, prosecuted and punished by the government. This dictionary is a listing of the criminal law terms present in our main Legal Dictionary . Absolute Liability Offences in which it is not open to a person to avoid liability on the ground that she or he acted under a reasonable mistake of fact which, if the facts had been as the accused believed them to be, would have made his act innocent. Alternative Measures Canada; a much lighter disposition of a criminal charge regarding an adult accused who would be prepared to plead guilty and which does not result in a criminal record or incarceration but instead usually results in a mild penalty such as community service, an apology to the victim or counseling. Defendant The individual, company or organization who defends a legal action taken by a plaintiff and against whom the court has been asked to order damages or specific corrective action redress some type of unlawful or improper action alleged by the plaintiff. Involuntary Manslaughter A criminal offence contingent on language in any given jurisdiction but, generally, the unlawful killing of a human being without malice in the commission of an unlawful act or in the commission of an act which might produce death, in an unlawful manner, or without due caution and circumspection. Miranda Warning A requirement that police officers, in the U.S.A., before any questioning is so begun, warn suspects upon arrest that they have the right to remain silent, that any statement that they make could be used against them in a court of law, that they have the right to contact a lawyer and that if they cannot afford a lawyer, that one will be provided. Plain Error Limited grounds upon which an appeal alleging deficient jury instructions will be allowed, which were not objected to at the time they were presented to the jury: the error must be so obvious or serious that the public reputation and integrity of the judicial proceeding is impaired. Plea Bargaining Negotiations during a criminal trial in which the accused agrees to admit to a smaller crime in exchange for which the prosecutor agrees to ask for a more lenient sentence than would have been recommended if the original charge had of been proceeded with. Search Warrant A court order that gives a police the permission to enter private property and to search for evidence of the commission of a crime, for the proceeds of crime or property that the police suspect may be used to commit a crime. Suspended Sentence A judicial prerogative retained by a sentencing judge on a person convicted of a crime by which the full sentencing of a convicted person is suspended or deferred until some future time commensurate with the convicted person’s compliance with the terms of an interim probation order. Torture The intentional infliction of pain or suffering on an animal or a person and as for the latter, even if for the purpose of obtaining information such as a confession or the names of accomplices, or as a punishment for crime. Waterboarding A criminal investigation interrogation technique whereby a person suspected of having or withholding relevant information is blindfolded and bound on their back, sometimes with the face covered with porous or nonporous material, and subjected to water poured over their mouth and nose such as to simulate drowning and to thus, under duress, elicit information. Young persons who, in many states, are treated differently than adult criminals and are tried in special youth courts. Always looking up definitions? Save time with our search provider (modern browsers only) If you find an error or omission in Duhaime's Law Dictionary, or if you have suggestion for a legal term, we'd love to hear from you ! LAWimage The template you are linking to has no template configured yet. Duhaime Lawisms The cock (male) swan is an emblem or representation of


What was the surname of the married couple executed for espionage in Sing Sing in June 1953?

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed - Jun 19, 1953 - HISTORY.com Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed Share this: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed Author Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed URL Publisher A+E Networks Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, a married couple convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage in 1951, are put to death in the electric chair. The execution marked the dramatic finale of the most controversial espionage case of the Cold War. Julius was arrested in July 1950, and Ethel in August of that same year, on the charge of conspiracy to commit espionage. Specifically, they were accused of heading a spy ring that passed top-secret information concerning the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. The Rosenbergs vigorously protested their innocence, but after a brief trial in March 1951 they were convicted. On April 5, 1951, a judge sentenced them to death. The pair was taken to Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York, to await execution. During the next two years, the couple became the subject of both national and international debate. Many people believed that the Rosenbergs were the victims of a surge of hysterical anticommunist feeling in the United States, and protested that the death sentence handed down was cruel and unusual punishment. Most Americans, however, believed that the Rosenbergs had been dealt with justly. President Dwight D. Eisenhower spoke for many Americans when he issued a statement declining to invoke executive clemency for the pair. He stated, “I can only say that, by immeasurably increasing the chances of atomic war, the Rosenbergs may have condemned to death tens of millions of innocent people all over the world. The execution of two human beings is a grave matter. But even graver is the thought of the millions of dead whose deaths may be directly attributable to what these spies have done.” Julius Rosenberg was the first to be executed, at about 8 p.m. on June 19, 1953. Just a few minutes after his body was removed from the chamber containing the electric chair, Ethel Rosenberg was led in and strapped to the chair. She was pronounced dead at 8:16 p.m. Both refused to admit any wrongdoing and proclaimed their innocence right up to the time of their deaths. Two sons, Michael and Robert, survived them. Related Videos


Which English building was the world's largest from 1549 to 1807?

Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln - Building #384 Lincoln Cathedral Rate this building Other Information Lincoln Cathedral was commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1072 who wanting to create a show of Norman power in East Anglia commanded the construction of a cathedral on the site of the demolished Anglo Saxon mother church. The first cathedral was completed in 1092 by Bishop Regimus but destroyed by fire in about 1142. The cathedral was rebuilt and expanded by Bishop Alexander but collapsed following an earthquake in 1185 whilst there was no bishop thanks to ongoing civil war. Construction on a third cathedral started in 1186 and spanned the period of 100 years until what exists today was more or less built working from the designs of the bishop St Hugh of Avalon. This cathedral had three spires, the tallest of which was the tallest in the world overtaking the record held by the Great Pyramid of Giza. At 160m tall its height was not bested until the construction of the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The spire collapsed in 1549 in a hurricane. The shorter towers also contained spires, both the second tallest in the U.K. They were removed in the early 19th century after their weight, combined with poor foundations threatened to cause these towers to collapse. Removal of the 30.7 metre spires was originally attempted in 1726 but outraged townsfolk besieged the cathedral and in almost causing a riot prevented them being removed where they stayed until 1807. It was only in the 20th century that the Cathedral no longer had the tallest tower to roof of any church in Europe beaten by Liverpool's Anglican Cathedral. The library is famous and reflects Lincolns medieval position as a leading city in England. Amongst the documents it contains is the Magna Carta, one of only two copies. Lincoln was at one point the largest diocese in Christendom, stretching all the way from the borders of Yorkshire to Reading. The City contained no less than 7 Monasteries equalling Canterbury and exceded only by London and York. Views of Lincoln Cathedral today are possible from 20 miles away. When it had a spire it was visible from Nottinghams tallest church on a clear day, almost 40 miles distant. Every Christmas Lincoln Cathedral is the center of the world's second largest Christmas Market. Over quarter of a million people attend making it twice as large as the Glastonbury Festival. News Articles


Who became Leader of the Opposition when the coalition government was formed in May 2010?

David Cameron and Nick Clegg lead coalition into power | Politics | The Guardian David Cameron and Nick Clegg lead coalition into power • Tory–Lib Dem coalition takes power after Labour talks fail • Conservative leader becomes PM after five days of negotiation • Clegg to be deputy PM with four more Lib Dems in cabinet Tuesday 11 May 2010 20.40 EDT First published on Tuesday 11 May 2010 20.40 EDT Close This article is 6 years old Britain took a leap into the political unknown last night when the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats formed the first full coalition government in Britain since 1945, with David Cameron serving as the country's 52nd prime minister and Nick Clegg becoming his deputy. The ending of Gordon Brown's premiership and 13 years of Labour rule followed the collapse of last-ditch efforts to forge a progressive government of Labour and the Lib Dems, provoking bitter recriminations on both sides over how Clegg's party arrived at the decision to decide to prop up a Tory government on what will be a five year fixed term . Cameron finally entered Downing Street after seeing the Queen at Buckingham Palace last night – concluding a remarkable five-day political tug of war. On the steps of Downing Street, Cameron, Britain's youngest prime minister since 1812, said: "This is going to be hard and difficult work. A coalition will throw up all sorts of challenges. But I believe that together we can provide that strong and stable government that our country needs." The deal with the Lib Dems, ensuring a 77-seat majority, was finally agreed after Clegg decided he could not create a stable coalition with Labour, partly due to a revolt inside the parliamentary Labour party at the concept of a deal, as well as its likely terms. If the deal works, it will change the shape of the Conservative party – and if it fails, the Lib Dems could find themselves rubbed out as a progressive force. The Lib Dems secured five cabinet posts and a commitment to 15 other ministerial jobs across Whitehall. On the Conservative side, George Osborne will be chancellor of the exchequer and William Hague foreign secretary. Arriving in Downing Street at 8.40pm as prime minister, Cameron looked overawed as he admitted that his new government had "some deep and pressing problems – a huge deficit, deep social problems and a political system in need of reform". He said he and Clegg wanted "to put aside party differences and work hard for the national interest". With echoes of the US president John Kennedy, he said he wanted to build a society in Britain "in which we do not just ask what are my entitlements, but what are my responsibilities, one where we don't ask just what am I just owed, but more what can I give". Clegg admitted there may be glitches ahead, promising "we are going to form a new kind of government", adding "it represented the start of the new politics I have always believed in". In the intense negotiations with the Lib Dems, the Tories agreed to drop their plans to raise the threshold for inheritance tax, but the Lib Dems accepted that spending cuts will start this year as part of an accelerated deficit reduction plan. Civil liberties laws will be reviewed, including abolition of ID cards and a referendum will be held on the alternative vote electoral system in which Tories could oppose the change. The Tory annual immigration cap will be kept, and extra money for disadvantaged pupils has been agreed. The Tories have insisted that their plans to recognise marriage in the tax system remain, but the Lib Dems will be entitled to abstain on the issue. Lib Dem MPs and the party's federal executive endorsed at midnight the detailed coalition deal, due to be published today, but after Cameron was installed in Downing Street. Once the Lib Dem-Con deal was secured, Gordon Brown went to the Queen to tender his resignation. In a graceful and moving statement, accompanied by his wife and two sons, John and Fraser, Brown told the nation he was leaving a job that was the most important after being a father and husband. "Only those who have held the o


Who co-hosts the TV show Pointless with Alexander Armstrong?

Pointless: Alexander Armstrong and Richard Osman on TV's favourite quiz | Media | The Guardian BBC Pointless: Alexander Armstrong and Richard Osman on TV's favourite quiz Alexander Armstrong and co-host Richard Osman aren't the slickest of quiz show hosts – far from it, in fact. But Pointless is a huge, Countdown-killing hit, and about to air its 500th show ‘We make a virtue of the bits where it all collapses’ … Alexander Armstrong (right) with co-host Richard Osman on the set of Pointless. Photograph: Graeme Robertson for the Guardian Tuesday 4 June 2013 12.32 EDT First published on Tuesday 4 June 2013 12.32 EDT Share on Messenger Close "Coming up with a quiz show is the hardest thing in the world," says Richard Osman , and he should know. "It's like coming up with a brand new sport." Though the co-host of Pointless is now an on-screen celebrity, he has worked behind the scenes in television for two decades. You could call him a quiz show guru. And, sitting with him in his dressing room an hour before filming, I do. He laughs. "If by guru you mean quite old. But yes, I'll take that." As creative director at production company Endemol , Osman is much more than the show's resident know-it-all. "Every morning I get the ratings coming in from the night before for all the shows we produce. I know good news and I know bad news. For most TV shows, it's bad news, because most TV shows fail. But now and then you get a show and you think, oh, look at that. This is interesting." Pointless began life with a simple idea. "The first thought," says David Flynn, one of the show's co-creators, "was what about reverse Family Fortunes? What if it's all about finding the least obvious answer? That was the thing that intrigued us: rewarding obscure knowledge, while allowing people to also give obvious answers. It felt like you could start to create a quiz which could be sort of highbrow and populist simultaneously, which is quite a rare phenomenon." Osman was never supposed to be on screen. He stood in as co-presenter when Endemol pitched the show. But the BBC liked him. "They said: 'Would you do it?' And I thought: 'Well, why wouldn't I? I know roughly what the job is. I know it's a little show tucked away on BBC2 that's going to disappear after one series.' You know, it was just one of those things I could tick off and say: 'I once presented a TV show.'" Host Alexander Armstrong knew Osman from their student days at Cambridge. "We were in the same college in the same year. I always liked him. He was quite conspicuous. He was very cool, which I wasn't." Armstrong's involvement in Pointless was almost as unlikely as his co-host's. A year before, he had publicly turned down the role of Countdown presenter , telling the Independent: "If I'm going to be on telly as a presenter every day, well, I think that makes it less likely that people will give me jobs acting or doing comedy. For the next couple of years that's where I want to focus really." "Countdown caught me slightly off-guard," he explains. "I quite liked the idea because it was a job. I mean, that's an income, and that was a time in my life when we'd had one baby and were about to have a second. I was worried about being typecast, but I was worried about having a job. My heart ruled my head on that one and I said: 'Do you know, actually, no, I can't do it. I just don't think I could do that.'" Osman reasoned Armstrong might be up for something similar but less high-profile. "When we were thinking about Pointless we thought, well, it'd be amazing, if he'd do it. I think the fact that it was me he'd be working with kind of sold it to him." "When we found Alexander, that was when all the bits fell into place," says David Flynn. "There's a real relationship there, which is something that's very difficult to make up. Of course this was at a stage when we were expecting it to be a nice, fun series on BBC2, that might come back once." The first series of Pointless went out on BBC2 at 4.30pm, from August until October 2009, with a respectable but uninspiring average audience of one million v


What was claimed by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583 as Britain's first overseas colony?

Sir Humphrey Gilbert | British explorer | Britannica.com Sir Humphrey Gilbert Sir Francis Drake Sir Humphrey Gilbert, (born c. 1539—died September 1583, at sea near the Azores ), English soldier and navigator who devised daring and farseeing projects of overseas colonization . Although he was brilliant and creative, his poor leadership was responsible for his failure to establish the first permanent English colony in North America . He succeeded, however, in annexing Newfoundland. The half brother of Sir Walter Raleigh and a cousin of Sir Richard Grenville , Gilbert studied navigation and military science at Oxford, entered the army, and was wounded at the siege of Le Havre (1563). In 1566 he wrote a Discourse proposing a voyage in search of a Northwest Passage between England and the Far East. But Queen Elizabeth I rejected the idea and instead sent Gilbert to Ireland (1567–70), where he ruthlessly suppressed an uprising and began to elaborate plans for a Protestant colonization of the province of Munster, in southern Ireland. He was knighted for this action in 1570. In 1572 he commanded the 1,500 English volunteers sent to assist the revolt of the Netherlands against Spain. By the mid-1570s Gilbert began to apply his Irish colonization schemes to North America. In 1577 he put forth a plan for seizing the Newfoundland fishing fleets of Spain, Portugal , and France; occupying Santo Domingo and Cuba; and intercepting the ships carrying American silver to Spain. The queen ignored his proposal but in 1578 granted him a six-year charter to settle “heathen lands not actually possessed of any Christian prince or people.” Straining his means to the utmost, Gilbert finally outfitted a seven-ship expedition and set sail on Nov. 19, 1578. He probably intended to cross to North America, but his ill-equipped, badly disciplined force quickly broke up, and by the spring of 1579 some of the ships had drifted to England while others had turned to piracy. During the summer of 1579 Gilbert helped put down the rebellion of James Fitzgerald (called Fitzmaurice) in Ireland. Gilbert then set about organizing a more ambitious colonizing expedition. He sailed from Plymouth on June 11, 1583, and on August 3 arrived at St. John’s , Newfoundland, which he claimed in the name of the queen. Moving southward with three ships, he lost the largest of them on August 29 and two days later turned homeward. He was last seen during a great storm in the Atlantic, shouting to his companion vessel, “We are as near heaven by sea as by land.” Gilbert’s ship was then swallowed by the sea. Learn More in these related articles:


According to the RSPB which is the most commonly found wild bird in Britain?

The RSPB: Ask an expert: Which is the most common bird in the world and the most common in the UK? Which is the most common bird in the world and the most common in the UK? Which is the most common bird in the world and the most common in the UK? 1 February 2011 Richard James Supporter Adviser I have been working for the RSPB as a wildlife adviser since spring 2004. I have always had an interest in wildlife and this prompted me to do a degree in Ecology. As well as birds, I am particularly interested in invertebrates, reptiles and amphibians. Sent in by Phil Greenwood, Birstall, West Yorkshire Technically, the most common bird in the world is the domestic chicken, with around 50 billion birds. However, the most common wild bird is thought to be the red-billed quelea. They are sparrow-sized birds with brown bodies and the males have a red bill with variable face markings. This species is found in sub-Saharan Africa. They are members of the weaver family and there are thought to be about 1.5 billion breeding birds. They are very social and some flocks can be in the millions. They feed on seed and, because of their numbers, can damage crops. The most common bird in the UK is the wren. There are thought to be around 8.5 million breeding territories in the UK. This may surprise some people because they are not as regularly seen as woodpigeons or house sparrows, for example. However, wrens are very widespread throughout the UK and inhabit a wide range of habitats. They like to stay close to cover so don't often come onto feeders but can easily be heard as they have a very loud song for a small bird. How you can help


"Which premiership football club has a badge showing gold lion rampant above the motto ""prepared""?"

Ranking the Premier League Club Badges | Bleacher Report Ranking the Premier League Club Badges By Tom Sunderland , Featured Columnist Dec 19, 2013 Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Jamie McDonald/Getty Images 35 Comments In centuries gone past, a coat of arms was used primarily to protect the user, as well as inform friend or foe  of the wearer's allegiances, on whose behalf they fought. The Premier League equivalent of such a device would be a club's badge or crest, sported on every jersey for the masses to see. However, not every side outfit in the English top flight has as attractive a signature as the last. As time progresses, badges change and receive more modern updates but usually retain some essence of their roots. Taking a look at the most recent designs, we've ranked the Premier League inhabitants' badges, with intricacy, colour scheme, historical value and overall appeal all playing their bit in what makes a crest great. Also, as you'll see, it never hurts to have a nifty mascot on the design either. Of course this is all strictly opinion, so feel free to give us your rankings in the forum below. 20. Fulham Jamie McDonald/Getty Images It was in 2001 that Fulham looked to step into the 21st century with a radical new badge design, doing away with their more traditional coat of arms and reintroducing a shield sporting the club's acronym, "FFC." However, it's all just a bit drab, isn't it? Most clubs use their initials as part of their crest, but not too often are three or four letters enough to really warrant being the main focus of what's essentially a club's logo. Were it not for a small splash of red, the club's black and white colours alone would have made for an even more boring product. 19. Stoke City Julian Finney/Getty Images On the pitch, Stoke City have developed a reputation for being a tad uninventive, although Mark Hughes is doing all he can to change that, having assumed the position as manager over the summer. However, if a club's badge were to be deemed their representative off the pitch, the Potters are almost as dull when they aren't in action. One positive about Stoke's crest is that one can never go wrong with red, white and blue, but a little more might have been changed to celebrate the club's 150th year. Getting the bare essentials out of the way, Stoke's designers made sure to include the club's name, nickname and their length of time as a club, the extra-wacky idea of splicing some stripes in not exactly a thing of genius. 18. West Brom Harry Engels/Getty Images And not too far ahead in the stripes game is West Brom, who edge in front of Stoke by the good grace of having more than a wee bit of history behind their badge. The throstle has been something of a mascot for the Baggies since the 1880s when, according to HistoricalKits.com , club secretary Tom Smith suggested the club used the image of the bird sitting on a crossbar as their logo. This was due to the fact that the pub in which the team used to get changed had one such caged bird. Decades later, a throstle would often sit on the sidelines at games and is rumoured to only have sung when the Baggies were winning. All niceties aside, however, the bird simply isn't mean enough to cut it with some of the other fearsome mascots in the English top flight, although West Brom have made no mistake in emblazoning their name upon the crest in very legible font. 17. Everton Paul Thomas/Getty Images It's a shame that Everton changed the design of their badge in May 2013, as the previous look would have undoubtedly made it higher up this list. Regardless, the Toffees have maintained the staples of the crest, including the Latin "Nil Satis, Nisi Optimum," which means "Nothing but the best is good enough." Roberto Martinez would certainly profess as much, but unfortunately the badge is far from the best. In accordance with these rankings, it's not even average. Of course, blue remains the staple of the badge, which keeps the use of The Beacon, a famous landmark in Everton, as its main attraction. However, previous designs of Th


Name Stevie Wonder's only solo No. 1 hit in the UK.

Stevie Wonder - Biography | Billboard Stevie Wonder Saginaw, MI 1950 Stevie Wonder is a much-beloved American icon and an indisputable genius not only of R&B but popular music in general. Blind virtually since birth, Wonder's heightened awareness of sound helped him create vibrant, colorful music teeming with life and ambition. Nearly everything he recorded bore the stamp of his sunny, joyous positivity; even when he addressed serious racial, social, and spiritual issues (which he did quite often in his prime), or sang about heartbreak and romantic uncertainty, an underlying sense of optimism and hope always seemed to emerge. Much like his inspiration, Ray Charles, Wonder had a voracious appetite for many different kinds of music, and refused to confine himself to any one sound or style. His best records were a richly eclectic brew of soul, funk, rock & roll, sophisticated Broadway/Tin Pan Alley-style pop, jazz, reggae, and African elements -- and they weren't just stylistic exercises; Wonder took it all and forged it into his own personal form of expression. His range helped account for his broad-based appeal, but so did his unique, elastic voice, his peerless melodic facility, his gift for complex arrangements, and his taste for lovely, often sentimental ballads. Additionally, Wonder's pioneering use of synthesizers during the '70s changed the face of R&B; he employed a kaleidoscope of contrasting textures and voices that made him a virtual one-man band, all the while evoking a surprisingly organic warmth. Along with Marvin Gaye and Isaac Hayes, Wonder brought R&B into the album age, crafting his LPs as cohesive, consistent statements with compositions that often took time to make their point. All of this made Wonder perhaps R&B's greatest individual auteur, rivaled only by Gaye or, in later days, Prince. Originally, Wonder was a child prodigy who started out in the general Motown mold, but he took control of his vision in the '70s, spinning off a series of incredible albums that were as popular as they were acclaimed; most of his reputation rests on these works, which most prominently include Talking Book, Innervisions, and Songs in the Key of Life. His output since then has been inconsistent, marred by excesses of sentimentality and less of the progressive imagination of his best work, but it's hardly lessened the reverence in which he's long been held. Wonder was born Stevland Hardaway Judkins in Saginaw, Michigan, on May 13, 1950 (his name was later altered to Stevland Morris when his mother married). A premature infant, he was put on oxygen treatment in an incubator; it was likely an excess of oxygen that exacerbated a visual condition known as retinopathy of prematurity, causing his blindness. In 1954, his family moved to Detroit, where the already musically inclined Stevie began singing in his church's choir; from there he blossomed into a genuine prodigy, learning piano, drums, and harmonica all by the age of nine. While performing for some of his friends in 1961, Stevie was discovered by Ronnie White of the Miracles, who helped arrange an audition with Berry Gordy at Motown. Gordy signed the youngster immediately and teamed him with producer/songwriter Clarence Paul, under the new name Little Stevie Wonder. Wonder released his first two albums in 1962: A Tribute to Uncle Ray, which featured covers of Wonder's hero Ray Charles, and The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie, an orchestral jazz album spotlighting his instrumental skills on piano, harmonica, and assorted percussion. Neither sold very well, but that all changed in 1963 with the live album The 12 Year Old Genius, which featured a new extended version of the harmonica instrumental "Fingertips." Edited for release as a single, "Fingertips, Pt. 2" rocketed to the top of both the pop and R&B charts, thanks to Wonder's irresistible, youthful exuberance; meanwhile, The 12 Year Old Genius became Motown's first chart-topping LP. Wonder charted a few more singles over the next year, but none on the level of "Fingertips, Pt. 2." As his voice changed, his recording caree


In which English county would you find the towns of Blandford Forum, Sherborne and Bridport?

Maps - Visit Dorset Maps Any date in the future Type: Any date in the future Search Food & Drink Please find below downloadable maps of Dorset towns to assist you while visiting Dorset.   You will require Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and download each map. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader here . For further information on the towns and villages within Dorset please contact one of Dorset’s Tourist Information Centres who will be happy to help.


The 200th anniversary of which event was commemorated by the minting of £2 coin in 2007?

2007 UK New Coin Designs 2007 UK New Coin Designs During 2008 , all the familiar British circulation coin designs will be withdrawn and replaced. 2007 UK New Coin Designs Initial comments and reactions to the announcement about the new coin designs following Gordon Brown's announcement in the House on Thursday 15th June 2006 The most immediate and vociferous comments were directed at the proposed two pound coin to commemorate the tercentenary of the Act of Union Between England and Scotland. Act of Union Between England and Scotland Tercentenary Two Pounds 1707 - 2007 According to the (Scottish) Daily Record: Gordon Brown was yesterday slammed for ordering a new coin to mark the Act of Union between Scotland and England. The commemorative £2 coins will be minted next year to mark 300 years since the original Scottish parliament was closed. SNP leader Alex Salmond claimed the Chancellor was trying to woo voters down south after admitting he was backing England in the World Cup. Salmond said: "There is no end to Gordon Brown's capacity for self-promotion and his determination to prove his British credentials." He dubbed the coin the "Brownie - full of brass, not very popular, soon to be devalued". He told MPs: "It's going to become a collector's item as the Union passes into history," But Commons leader Jack Straw replied: "You will be passing into history a long time before the Union." The Treasury are keeping the design of the new coin under wraps until it is approved by the Queen. We originally thought the "Brownie" comment was aimed at the new Centenary of the Scouting Movement Fifty Pence. It would have been wittier and more relevant as Brownies are the junior female version of scouts. The Scotsman: A SPECIAL £2 coin to mark the 300th anniversary of the Act of Union between England and Scotland is to be minted next year, it was announced today. Hundreds of thousands of the commemorative coins will go into circulation along with a similar £2 piece to mark the bicentenary of the abolition of the slave trade alongside the existing regulation coin. But SNP leader Alex Salmond warned that it would have the same rarity value as the proposed stamp to celebrate a Scottish soccer World Cup victory in 1978. He said he would shortly be announcing a competition for the design of a new coin to mark Scotland's regaining of national independence. Chancellor Gordon Brown announced that the Queen had approved the new coin as she celebrated her 80th birthday, due on Saturday, at a special service at St Paul's Cathedral. A Royal Mint spokesman said the new £2 coins would be issued alongside the regulation version which on the reverse side from the Queen's head figures concentric circles signifying the nations' industrial and technological development. The BBC: Special coin to mark Act of Union A £2 coin will be issued next year to mark the 300th anniversary of the Act of Union between England and Scotland, Chancellor Gordon Brown has said. There will also be a commemorative £2 coin to mark 200 years since the abolition of slavery, he told MPs. And a collectable crown piece worth £5 will mark the Queen and Prince Philip's diamond wedding anniversary. "Collector versions of all these coins will be released at a premium above face value," Mr Brown said. A statement issued by Mr Brown, who is Scottish and widely tipped to become prime minister next year, said the Queen had approved his recommendation that a coin be issued to mark the unification of England and Scotland into Great Britain in 1707. Mr Brown also said there would be a special 50p coin to commemorate the centenary of the Scouting movement. All the special coins will be available in collectable versions and the three lower value coins will also be available from banks and post offices later in 2007. The Times Online: Gordon Dazzles as Tories Stay Out of the Game Parliamentary Sketch by Ann Treneman Where's George? That was the cry from the Labour benches aimed at the empty place on the Tory front bench where George Osborne should have been. Gordon Brown is still not very good at


Whose autobiography was the best selling non-fiction book the UK in 2013, selling over 640,000 copies?

Alex Ferguson tops table for bestselling book in print for 2013 | Books | The Guardian Alex Ferguson tops table for bestselling book in print for 2013 Ex-Manchester United manager's memoir My Autobiography has sold more than 647,000 copies since publication in October Alex Ferguson's My Autobiography is the fastest-selling non-fiction book on record. Photograph: Carl Court/AFP/Getty Images Sunday 22 December 2013 12.24 EST First published on Sunday 22 December 2013 12.24 EST Close This article is 3 years old His team may be languishing mid-table over the festive season, but the former Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson will sit down to Christmas dinner in pole position once more, as his latest autobiography is declared 2013's bestselling print book. Ferguson's memoir has dominated the charts since publication in October, when it became the fastest-selling work of non-fiction on record , going on to amass sales of more than 647,000 copies. According to Waterstones' Jon Howells, the scale of My Autobiography's success has been something of a surprise. "It looks like it's going to be one of the biggest-selling autobiographies since records began," Howells said, "and I don't think anybody would have predicted three months ago that would happen." For Howells, Ferguson's literary success shows the winner of 13 Premier League titles, two Champions Leagues and five FA Cups has managed to transcend sport. "It's reaching a readership which is interested in management and leadership as a broader issue." With just one week of sales data to add to the UK top 100 before Christmas, Dan Brown's latest Robert Langdon thriller, Inferno, is in second place on the Nielsen BookScan chart. With sales of 228,000 in its first week , this Dantean vision of Armageddon has gone on to shift more than 626,000 copies during 2013 – compared with the 1.2m copies notched up for the previous outing for his academic adventurer, The Lost Symbol. But according to Howells, this dip doesn't mark a loss of form from one of popular fiction's biggest stars, but rather is an indication of wider shifts in the books industry. "I'm not into Dan Brown snobbery," Howells said. "I've read Inferno and the others and they're great fun." Nobody was reading digitally when The Lost Symbol was published back in 2009, he said. "Now there's a massive ebook market for popular fiction. If you add in ebook sales, then the figure for Inferno would be much closer to 1m. But most of those sales will be on Kindle, and Amazon don't release those figures." For Nielsen's Russell Bremner, Amazon's refusal to release figures for Kindle downloads is "the big issue for accurate figures in ebook sales". With electronic books accounting for 17% of UK sales by volume according to consumer research conducted by Kantar World Panel and the internet retailer accounting for 79% of those sales , ebook figures for popular fiction remain something of a mystery, Bremner said. "We have no idea how many ebooks Amazon is selling in comparison to paper copies. I wish we did." Third on the list of print sales is Gillian Flynn's Gone Girl – proof that four years after the Richard and Judy show was axed from UKTV their book club still wields considerable commercial clout. After partnering with WHSmith and shifting online, the book club sees five of its 2013 selections in the top 100, alongside a debut novel from one of the presenters – Judy Finnigan's Cornish ghost story, Eloise, is in 55th place. David Jason has won the battle of the showbiz memoir with almost 300,000 books sold, comfortably ahead of Morrissey, who sold more than 140,00 copies of his Penguin classic, and Miranda Hart whose 2012 memoir Is It Just Me? sold more than 137,000 copies during 2013 in paperback. Just behind Jason in 11th place is JK Rowling, whose first novel for adults, The Casual Vacancy, sold almost 275,000 this year in paperback. Rowling makes a second appearance a little further down the charts in her guise as Robert Galbraith. Her novel featuring the private investigator Cormoran Strike offers a chance to measure the powe


Who has presented the BBC Radio 2 programme Sounds of the Sixties for over 20 years?

BBC Radio 2 - Sounds of the 60s - The BBC Studios in 60s London Sounds of the 60s The BBC Studios in 60s London by Bob Stanley View of the auditorium from the control room at the Paris Theatre Brian Matthew makes his way up to central London, to the BBC's Western House, once a week to record Sounds Of The 60s with producer Phil Swern. He sits in the same BBC studio in the same building every week. It wasn't always the case. Recording Saturday Club and Easy Beat in the sixties meant Brian had to flit between BBC buildings. He tries to recall them all over a cup of coffee. "The important thing about Saturday Club, which people can't really understand today, is how different it was, and this is all tied to the physical change in the BBC - which has been enormous. When I first did Saturday Club it was mainly a programme in which we had to make most of the music. We had two hours to fill and could only play eight records - I talked about 'needle time' and the union rules before. So we made our own sessions with bands and groups and singers. "We had a big studio, an audience studio, in Regent Street called the Paris Theatre (an old converted Cinema). Another little studio called Piccadilly One, a fifty seater studio with a small stage - it's where I did my one session with Eddie Cochran. I was very sad to see that go because it was a very cosy little studio. We had the Playhouse Theatre where I did Easy Beat every week for a couple of years. We had a theatre out in Camden Town, which we no longer possess. We had Reginald Fort's mighty organ stored in a little chapel called the Jubilee. And then of course we were based in our own offices in Bond Street - the Aeolian Hall it was called - where we had not only our offices but a huge concert studio, and a smaller but still quite substantial studio where we did a lot of groups for Saturday Club. "So that was a different pattern entirely, and we had all these facilities, which I'm sad to see gone because I think it's been taken away from us - we don't have the opportunity to make as much ... we still have groups in, but I find them sitting in odd corners of the studio we work in now! Popping out, putting up pianos and goodness knows what. That element has stayed the same, but it's far and away different from what we had at Saturday Club."


At which sporting event were 3 people killed by a terrorist bomb on 15 April 2013?

9 Sporting Events Impacted by Terrorism by: Esteban On  Wednesday, April 17, 2013 Tags:   Boston Marathon   Boston Marathon Bombing   Terror Attacks   Terrorism   Tragedy   As tragic as the events were that unfolded at the Boston Marathon on Monday, this was not the first time a major sporting event has been negatively impacted by an act of terrorism. In fact, this wasn’t even the first time a marathon had been impacted by an act of terrorism. All across the globe, sport unites and inspires. Thus, unfortunately, it will always be a target for evil people looking to inflict pain, division, and turmoil. Today, while we remember and pray for all those still suffering as a result of the tragic bombings in Boston, let’s also remember some of the others who have suffered as the result of terrorist attacks on sporting events.   As tragic as the events were that unfolded at the Boston Marathon on Monday, this was not the first time a major sporting event has been negatively impacted by an act of terrorism. In fact, this wasn’t even the first time a marathon had been impacted by an act of terrorism. All across the globe, sport unites and inspires. Thus, unfortunately, it will always be a target for evil people looking to inflict pain, division, and turmoil. Today, while we remember and pray for all those still suffering as a result of the tragic bombings in Boston, let’s also remember some of the others who have suffered as the result of terrorist attacks on sporting events.   The Grand National is the most prestigious horse race in England and, with a prize in 2013 of $1.5 million, the most lucrative race in Europe. The steeplechase is normally run on the first Saturday in April; however, in 1997 the race was postponed for two days after two separate bomb threats were called in by the IRA. Fortunately no bombs were ever detonated, but police did have to evacuate 60,000 fans, jockeys, horses, and race track staff. And since the police obviously could not allow any cars to leave the premises, about 20,000 out-of-towners were left stranded and had to be taken in by local Liverpool residents.   9. Grand National Bomb Scare (1997) The Grand National is the most prestigious horse race in England and, with a prize in 2013 of $1.5 million, the most lucrative race in Europe. The steeplechase is normally run on the first Saturday in April; however, in 1997 the race was postponed for two days after two separate bomb threats were called in by the IRA. Fortunately no bombs were ever detonated, but police did have to evacuate 60,000 fans, jockeys, horses, and race track staff. And since the police obviously could not allow any cars to leave the premises, about 20,000 out-of-towners were left stranded and had to be taken in by local Liverpool residents.   In 2002, just a few hours before Real Madrid was to host arch rival Barcelona in a Champions League semifinal match, a car bomb exploded outside Madrid’s famous Bernabéu Stadium. Fortunately only 17 people were injured by the blast and no one was killed, but one would have to think the bomb was supposed to go off as people were filing into the stadium. Eleven people were eventually arrested, all members of the Batasuna, a group linked to the Basque separatist group ETA. UEFA allowed the game to go on as scheduled, by the way, which was a questionable decision. Luckily the game went down without a hitch.   8. Bombing at Bernabéu (2002) In 2002, just a few hours before Real Madrid was to host arch rival Barcelona in a Champions League semifinal match, a car bomb exploded outside Madrid’s famous Bernabéu Stadium. Fortunately only 17 people were injured by the blast and no one was killed, but one would have to think the bomb was supposed to go off as people were filing into the stadium. Eleven people were eventually arrested, all members of the Batasuna, a group linked to the Basque separatist group ETA. UEFA allowed the game to go on as scheduled, by the way, which was a questionable decision. Luckily the game went down without a hitch.   The Iraqi Olympic team was the target of not one but thre


Which is the only Anglican cathedral located in the present day county of Lancashire?

Welcome to the website of the Diocese of Blackburn, the Church of England in Lancashire. The Diocese, originally part of the Manchester Diocese was created in 1926 http://www.blackburn.anglican.org/ ... Jenkinson 01254 503276 or email Lesley.Jenkinson@blackburn.anglican.org ... philip.bannister@blackburn.anglican.org. St Marys House Cathedral Close Blackburn BB1 5AA Tel ... http://www.blackburn.anglican.org/more_info.asp?current_id=289 Blackburn BB1 5AA Cathedral Clergy. The Dean - Very Rev'd Christopher Armstrong dean@blackburn.anglican.org ... virgers@blackburn.anglican.org or i_am_not ... http://www.blackburncathedral.com/contact.asp Blackburn Cathedral, officially known as the Cathedral Church of Blackburn Saint Mary the ****** with St Paul, is a cathedral situated in the heart of Blackburn town ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackburn_Cathedral Blackburn Cathedral, Cathedral Close, Blackburn BB1 5AA or email chris.chivers@blackburn.anglican.org Haiku must be based on the theme of Anne Frank and her diary, her http://www.lancsngfl.ac.uk/projects/ema/getfile.php?src=82/Anne+Frank+haiku+competition.pdf ... Cathedral Close Blackburn Postcode BB1 5AA Phone 01254 51491 Website http://www.blackburn.anglican.org/ ... You may need to pay an additional bus or ... http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations_destinations/nonrail/cathedrals/blackburncathedral.html Blackburn Cathedral Blackburn BB1 5AA Cathedral Close www ... Tuesday-Thursday10am-2.30pm,on 01254 503082 or e-mail linda.bruce@blackburn.anglican.org http://www.blackburncathedral.com/UserFiles/File/Concert%20Diary%202008_9.pdf ... PR1 8DY Revd: Joe Fielder, 01772-491900 email: vicarjoe@ststephenspreston.org.uk You can also visit the Blackburn Diocese website on: http://www.blackburn.anglican.org, or ... http://www.uclan.ac.uk/information/services/sss/student_services/multi_faith_centre/anglican.php ... please contact Sarah Earnshaw on 01254 503070 ext 218 or email schools@blackburn.anglican.org ... Youth; Diocese of Blackburn; Contact Us; Vacancies; Shop Online http://www.bdeducation.org.uk/scriptural-challenge.html Church House Cathedral Close Blackburn Lancashire BB1 5AA. Tel: 01254 503070. Email: fred.kershaw@blackburn.anglican.org ... To raise or provide and apply funds and ... http://www.charitiesdirect.com/charities/blackburn-diocesan-board-of-education-1020101.html


"Which poet wrote the 1936 poem which begins ""Stop all the clocks, Cut off the telephone, Give the dog a juicy bone"" ?"

W. H. Auden, "Stop all the clocks . . ." Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone W. H. Auden Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone, Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone, Silence the pianos and with muffled drum Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come. Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead, Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves, Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves. He was my North, my South, my East and West, My working week and my Sunday rest, My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song; I thought that love would last for ever: I was wrong. The stars are not wanted now: put out every one; Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun; Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood. For nothing now can ever come to any good.


In which year was Facebook launched, George Bush defeated John Kerry in the US Presidential Election and Maria Sharapova won Wimbledon?

Top News Stories from 2004 More Entertainment Awards... Events Martha Stewart , diva of domesticity, was sentenced to five months in prison in July after being found guilty on four counts of obstruction of justice and lying to federal investigators. She began serving her sentence in October. She was also fined $30,000. The charges stem from her December 2001 sale of 3,928 shares of the biotech stock ImClone. She made the trade the day before the FDA announced it had declined to review ImClone's new cancer drug-news that sent shares tumbling. Sergey Brin and Larry Page , founders of Google, the phenomenally popular search engine, became instant billionaires when the company went public in August. Dan Rather found himself at the center of a media storm in September, when he and his network, CBS, admitted that they could not definitively prove the authenticity of documents they used in a 60 Minutes segment, which suggested President Bush received preferential treatment when he joined the National Guard and later when he served in it. He announced in December that he would step down in early 2005. Michael Moore gained an impassioned following with the release of Fahrenheit 9/11, a documentary harshly critical of President Bush, his administration, the war in Iraq, and Bush's handling of the war on terrorism. The film won the Palme d'Or (the top prize) at the Cannes International Film Festival in May. In its opening weekend in late June, Fahrenheit 9/11 took in nearly $22 million at the box office to become the highest-grossing documentary of all time. Mel Gibson garnered intense buzz for his incendiary film, The Passion of the Christ , months before its February release. The film, in Latin and Aramaic with English subtitles, depicts the last 12 hours of Jesus's life in explicitly violent detail. Many derided the film as anti-Semitic, saying it cast blame on the Jews for Jesus Christ's crucifixion. A number of evangelical Christian and Catholic groups, however, praised the film for its portrayal of Jesus Christ's sacrifice. It ended up the third-highest grossing film of the year, taking in $370,274,604 in 2004. Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake created an enormous scandal when Timberlake ripped the bodice of Jackson's costume during the halftime show of February's Super Bowl XXXVIII , exposing her right breast, which was pierced and adorned with a brooch. Timberlake promptly apologized for the "wardrobe malfunction." The Federal Communications Commission fined CBS, which broadcast the Super Bowl, $550,000 for the incident. Linda Ronstadt was ejected from Las Vegas's Aladdin Hotel in July after she dedicated the song "Desperado" to Michael Moore and encouraged the audience to see his new film, Fahrenheit 9/11. The number of songs and albums downloaded from the Internet continues at break-neck speed. Apple's iTunes sells its 200,000,000th song. According to Nielsen SoundScan, music fans bought 5.5 million digital albums and 140 million digital songs. Sequels fared very well at the box office, with Shrek 2 and Spider-Man 2 taking the two top spots. Meet the Fockers landed at No. 4, while Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban came in at No. 6. Paris Hilton managed to make headlines at every turn, from starring in Fox's The Simple Life with Nicole Richie to starting her own clothing and perfume line. American Idol remained one of the top-rated shows on television. Judging by the number of reality shows up and down the dial, viewers still want their entertainment to be "real." See 2004 People in the news for biographies of entertainers and newsmakers. Movies Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Friday Night Lights Feels Like Home, Norah Jones Encore, Eminem When the Sun Goes Down, Kenny Chesney Here for the Party, Gretchen Wilson Live Like You Were Dying, Tim McGraw Songs About Jane, Maroon 5 Fallen, Evancescence


What was the world's 1st commercially produced jet airliner?

First jet makes test flight - Jul 27, 1949 - HISTORY.com First jet makes test flight Share this: First jet makes test flight Author First jet makes test flight URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1949, the world’s first jet-propelled airliner, the British De Havilland Comet, makes its maiden test-flight in England. The jet engine would ultimately revolutionize the airline industry, shrinking air travel time in half by enabling planes to climb faster and fly higher. The Comet was the creation of English aircraft designer and aviation pioneer Sir Geoffrey de Havilland (1882-1965). De Havilland started out designing motorcycles and buses, but after seeing Wilbur Wright demonstrate an airplane in 1908, he decided to build one of his own. The Wright brothers had made their famous first flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1903. De Havilland successfully designed and piloted his first plane in 1910 and went on to work for English aircraft manufacturers before starting his own company in 1920. De Havilland Aircraft Company became a leader in the aviation industry, known for developing lighter engines and faster, more streamlined planes. In 1939, an experimental jet-powered plane debuted in Germany. During World War II, Germany was the first country to use jet fighters. De Havilland also designed fighter planes during the war years. He was knighted for his contributions to aviation in 1944. Following the war, De Havilland turned his focus to commercial jets, developing the Comet and the Ghost jet engine. After its July 1949 test flight, the Comet underwent three more years of testing and training flights. Then, on May 2, 1952, the British Overseas Aircraft Corporation (BOAC) began the world’s first commercial jet service with the 44-seat Comet 1A, flying paying passengers from London to Johannesburg. The Comet was capable of traveling 480 miles per hour, a record speed at the time. However, the initial commercial service was short-lived, and due to a series of fatal crashes in 1953 and 1954, the entire fleet was grounded. Investigators eventually determined that the planes had experienced metal fatigue resulting from the need to repeatedly pressurize and depressurize. Four years later, De Havilland debuted an improved and recertified Comet, but in the meantime, American airline manufacturers Boeing and Douglas had each introduced faster, more efficient jets of their own and become the dominant forces in the industry. By the early 1980s, most Comets used by commercial airlines had been taken out of service. Related Videos


The unified atomic mass unit is defined as being one 12th the mass of an atom of which element?

Atomic Mass, Mass Number and Unified Atomic Mass Unit - YouTube Atomic Mass, Mass Number and Unified Atomic Mass Unit Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Mar 29, 2015 Check out the written tutorial here: http://www.ninetyeast.net/chemistry/g... ---------------------------------------------------- An easy to understand chemistry tutorial, aimed to meet the GCSE (high school grade 9/10) higher-tier requirements in Chemistry. Atoms are really really small, and consequently their mass is really small. This means that if we use units like 'grams' we get really unruly numbers that are hard to grapple with. Instead, we use a system called the unified atomic mass unit (or u for short). The atomic mass of an atom, is its actual mass - this is in contrast to mass number, which is the number of subatomic particles in the atom's nucleus that gives the atom its mass. Using the unified atomic mass unit, we are able to compare the atomic masses of different atoms without having to use large numbers - and that's usually what we want to do: to be able to work out if one atom is heavier than another. The atomic mass of carbon-12 is 12 u - and that's not a coincidence. 1 unit of the unified atomic mass system is defined as being 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12. That is, we use carbon-12 as the standard by which we compare all other atoms in the universe. The video has a few examples, and gets you to decide if you think the atomic mass is going to be higher or lower than carbon-12's atomic mass. NB: although the atomic mass of an atom is not the same as its mass number, it is usually a very similar number. You can turn the subtitles / captions on and off as you please, using the button in the bottom right hand corner. Want the slides to make notes on as you follow along? Easy peasy - check them out here: http://www.slideshare.net/NinetyEast/... ----------------------------------------------------


The rivers Kennet, Lea, Brent and Pang are all tributaries of which English river?

London London MISC The London catchment is comprised of the non tidal urban tributaries of the Thames Tideway. This includes the lower River Lee and its main tributaries, Pymmes, Salmon and Cobbins Brooks, and the Rivers Brent and Crane to the north of London. To the south of London, rivers include the Hogsmill, Beverly Brook, Wandle and Ravensbourne. The Tidal River Thames and its creeks are discussed in the Estuaries and Coastal Waters Catchment. This catchment is highly urbanised with Greater London situated at its heart. The majority of rivers are designated heavily modified and there is a distinct lack of natural river processes throughout the catchment. The modification of rivers including in-stream structures has led to loss of habitat diversity and the creation of barriers for fish migration. Examples include in-stream structures in the Lee Navigation and Lee Flood Relief Channel and extensive concrete lined and culverted reaches of the River Wandle. Water quality remains a significant issue in this catchment. The highly urbanised nature exacerbates the pollution pressures particularly through increased surface water run-off, storm sewage overflows and misconnections, alongside effluent from sewage treatment works. These issues, the presence of invasive species and physical modification pressures, give rise to poor water quality and habitat diversity for a number rivers, as well as varied biological quality throughout the catchment. The wetland resource of the Lee Valley is recognised at both European and National level by the Lea Valley Special Protection Area (SPA) and there are a number of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in the catchment. This catchment is covered by a number of hosts, outlined within the London Catchment Hosts diagram below. Mole, Hogsmill and Beverly Brook Lower Lea The Lower Lea Catchment Partnership was formed in 2014 and includes a wide range of organisations, from anglers, parish councils and the Lee Valley Regional Park, to water companies and government agencies. London Lea Thames21 have been listening to people and organisations contributing their wishes for the future of the River Lea and its tributaries from the M25 to Trinity Buoy Wharf on the Thames near Canning Town, East London ( The London Lea Catchment Partnership ). Roding, Beam and Ingrebourne Tidal Thames Marsh Dykes The Marsh Dykes Catchment Improvement Group was created in Autumn 2013 to bring the Catchment Based Approach to the waterways of Thamesmead, Belvedere and Erith. Ravensbourne In 2012, Thames21 joined a range of partners from local community groups and charities to councils and government agencies to form the Ravenbourne Catchment Improvement Group. This group is working to improve the rivers of the Ravensbourne Catchment for people and for wildlife. Cray Darent Wandle See below for a public engagement video produced by the Thames Tideway Tunnel project to explain why the huge multi-million pound sewer overflow relief scheme is essential to deal with the chronic sewage discharge problem on the Thames. Mole, Hogsmill and Beverly Brook Lower Lea Themes and objectives were developed during catchment partnership workshops held during 2014. People and organisations with a stake or an interest in the river were asked to suggest their ideas about what the aims of the catchment management plan should be. London Lea Themes and objectives  have been developed during catchment partnership meetings. Roding, Beam and Ingrebourne Tidal Thames Marsh Dykes This CIG brings together a local collaborative partnership of interested organisations to create and deliver a Catchment Improvement Plan for the Thamesmead Canals, lakes, dykes and Marshes at Crossness; for the benefit of the environment and local people. Ravensbourne The Catchment Improvement Plan will give those connected with, or who care about the local rivers an opportunity to have a say in the future of the catchment. The Plan will look at existing activities across the catchment and suggest new ways to improve the rivers. It will get more local people invo


Which soul singer, writer of the song Papa's Got a Brand New Bag died on Christmas Day 2006?

Papa's Got A Brand New Bag - James Brown - Listen to Free Music by James Brown on Pandora Internet Radio more James Brown "Soul Brother Number One," "the Godfather of Soul," "the Hardest Working Man in Show Business," "Mr. Dynamite" -- those are mighty titles, but no one can question that James Brown earned them more than any other performer. Other singers were more popular, others were equally skilled, but few other African-American musicians were so influential over the course of popular music. And no other musician, pop or otherwise, put on a more exciting, exhilarating stage show: Brown's performances were marvels of athletic stamina and split-second timing. Through the gospel-impassioned fury of his vocals and the complex polyrhythms of his beats, Brown was a crucial midwife in not just one, but two revolutions in black American music. He was one of the figures most responsible for turning R&B into soul and he was, most would agree, the figure most responsible for turning soul music into the funk of the late '60s and early '70s. After the mid-'70s, he did little more than tread water artistically; his financial and drug problems eventually got him a controversial prison sentence. Yet in a sense, his music is now more influential than ever, as his voice and rhythms have been sampled on innumerable hip-hop recordings, and critics have belatedly hailed his innovations as among the most important in all of rock or soul. Brown's rags-to-riches-to-rags story has heroic and tragic dimensions of mythic resonance. Born into poverty in the South, he ran afoul of the law by the late '40s on an armed robbery conviction. With the help of singer Bobby Byrd 's family, Brown gained parole and started a gospel group with Byrd , changing their focus to R&B as the rock revolution gained steam. The Flames, as the Georgian group was known in the mid-'50s, signed to Federal/King and had a huge R&B hit right off the bat with the wrenching, churchy ballad "Please, Please, Please." By that point, the Flames had become James Brown & the Famous Flames; the charisma, energy, and talent of Brown made him the natural star attraction. All of Brown's singles over the next two years flopped, as he sought to establish his own style, recording material that was obviously derivative of heroes like Roy Brown , Hank Ballard , Little Richard , and Ray Charles . In retrospect, it can be seen that Brown was in the same position as dozens of other R&B one-shot: talented singers in need of better songs, or not fully on the road to a truly original sound. What made Brown succeed where hundreds of others failed was his superhuman determination, working the chitlin circuit to death, sharpening his band, and keeping an eye on new trends. He was on the verge of being dropped from King in late 1958 when his perseverance finally paid off, as "Try Me" became a number one R&B (and small pop) hit, and several follow-ups established him as a regular visitor to the R&B charts. Brown's style of R&B got harder as the '60s began; he added more complex, Latin- and jazz-influenced rhythms on hits like "Good Good Lovin'," "I'll Go Crazy," "Think," and "Night Train," alternating these with torturous ballads that featured some of the most frayed screaming to be heard outside of the church. Black audiences already knew that Brown had the most exciting live act around, but he truly started to become a phenomenon with the release of Live at the Apollo in 1963. Capturing a James Brown concert in all its whirling-dervish energy and calculated spontaneity, the album reached number two on the album charts, an unprecedented feat for a hardcore R&B LP. Live at the Apollo was recorded and released against the wishes of the King label. It was this kind of artistic standoff that led Brown to seek better opportunities elsewhere. In 1964, he ignored his King contract to record "Out of Sight" for Smash, igniting a lengthy legal battle that prevented him from issuing vocal recordings for about a year. When he finally resumed recording for King in 1965, he had a new contract that granted him fa


Give a year in the life of the father of genetics Gregor Mendel.

Mendel as the Father of Genetics :: DNA from the Beginning Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits. He recognized the mathematical patterns of inheritance from one generation to the next. Mendel's Laws of Heredity are usually stated as: 1) The Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair. Parental genes are randomly separated to the sex cells so that sex cells contain only one gene of the pair. Offspring therefore inherit one genetic allele from each parent when sex cells unite in fertilization. 2) The Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another. 3) The Law of Dominance: An organism with alternate forms of a gene will express the form that is dominant. The genetic experiments Mendel did with pea plants took him eight years (1856-1863) and he published his results in 1865. During this time, Mendel grew over 10,000 pea plants, keeping track of progeny number and type. Mendel's work and his Laws of Inheritance were not appreciated in his time. It wasn't until 1900, after the rediscovery of his Laws, that his experimental results were understood. After his death, Mendel's personal papers were burned by the monks. Luckily, some of the letters and documents generated by Mendel were kept in the monastery archives. Why weren't Mendel's Laws understood until 1900?


For what does the letter H stand in the pH scale?

What Does pH Stand For? - Why Is It Called pH? What Does pH Stand For? What Does pH Stand For? What pH Means Litmus paper is a type of pH paper that is used to test the acidity of water-based liquids.  David Gould, Getty Images Updated November 30, 2015. Question: What Does pH Stand For? Have you ever wondered what pH stands for or where the term originated? Here is the answer to the question and a look at the history of the pH scale . Answer: pH is the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration in a water-based solution. The term "pH" was first described by Danish biochemist Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen in 1909. pH is an abbreviation for "power of hydrogen" where "p" is short for the German word for power, potenz and H is the element symbol for hydrogen . The H is capitalized because it is standard to capitalize element symbols . The abbreviation also works in French, with pouvoir hydrogen translating as "the power of hydrogen". Logarithmic Scale The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that usually runs from 1 to 14. Each whole pH value below 7 (the pH of pure water ) is ten times more acidic than the higher value and each whole pH value above 7 is ten times less acidic than the one below it. For example, a pH of 3 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 4 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than a pH value of 5. continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States So, a strong acid may have a pH of 1-2, while a strong base may have a pH of 13-14. A pH near 7 is considered to be neutral. Equation for pH pH is the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous (water-based) solution: pH = -log[H+] log is the base 10 logarithm and [H+] is hydrogen ion concentration in the units moles per liter It's important to keep in mind a solution must be aqueous to have a pH. You cannot, for example, calculation pH of vegetable oil or pure ethanol.


What is the name of Australia's premier thoroughbred horse race, run on the first Tuesday in November?

Australian Horse Races - Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 & Listed Races - Races.com.au Special Events Australians are known around the world as some of the biggest racing enthusiasts in the industry with this great nation hosting thousands of different races each year. Since the first official horse race meeting in 1842, Australian race tracks have produced legendary horses including the king of horse racing, Phar Lap, and the most prized mare in the country, Makybe Diva. Horse racing is embedded in the Australian culture and for many it is their whole life. There will never be another trainer like Bart Cummings. The “Cups King” has more wins to his name than any other trainer in the history of Australian racing. Group and List Races Horse racing in Australia is divided into different statuses which are determined by the Australian Group and Listed Races Advisory Board. The four largest divisions are Group 1 , Group 2 , Group 3 and Listed Races . Commonly referred to as “Black Type” races, the Group 1-3 events are deemed the most prestigious and important in the world of racing. Australia currently has approximately 550 Group status races with a total of 21,000 races during the season. The Melbourne Cup – The Race That Stops A Nation The biggest race in Australia is unmistakably the Melbourne Cup held in November. This $6 million dollar race is the richest handicap in the world and literally stops the entire nation during its few minutes of exhilarating racing. The Melbourne Cup takes place during the Spring Racing Carnival which is the most anticipated carnival of the year. However throughout the year there are plenty of local race meetings which offer racing enthusiasts the chance to dress up and witness some spectacular racing. The first Tuesday of November, you can count on being able to enjoy the Melbourne Cup. It is such an important event in Australia it was made a national holiday. People get pretty excited over the thoroughbred race, and rightfully so. The Excitement of the Melbourne Cup Race. The race is itself is exciting. Then there’s the three day carnival, the fashion fiesta, and let’s not forget about the betting. Flemington racetrack is where they run the Melbourne Cup race. This pear shaped track offers a racing distance of 3.2 km. It attracts more than 120,000 spectators each year, who enjoy the three grandstands that were built back in 2000. The Emirates Gold Cup The first Emirates Gold Cup was presented way back in 1919. That’s more than 100 years of strong racing. In 2008, 24 horses entered the Melbourne Cup main event. Only 20 horses actually crossed the finish line and the winner of the Emirates Gold Cup receive $3.3 million dollars. The trainer and the jockey are also presented with miniature versions of the Emirates Gold Cup. The Fashion Fiesta The fashion gets almost as much attention as the race itself. And rightfully so. It began back in 1985 when Princess Dianna attended the Melbourne Cup, in her beautiful attire. Princess Di always did have a sense of fashion. Since then each race there is an event called the “Fashion of the Field”. There are prizes for the best dressed woman and man who attend the race. It’s All About the Betting The Melbourne Cup race is very exciting but it’s the betting that gets ones adrenalin pumping. There are all kinds of reasons why you can’t or don’t want to attend the event in person. Just the crowds would turn many off. The trouble was until the inception of the internet you could only bet if you could find your way to the actual race. That was a costly venture, which most could not do. The internet has changed that. Now no matter where you live, just as long as you have a computer and an internet connection you can enjoy the sport of betting. It’s quick, it’s easy, and it’s fun. Watch the Melbourne Cup race on television or online, and don’t forget to breathe as you wait for your horse to cross the line – in first place we hope. International Horse Racing There are two main types of horse racing in Great Britain, Flat Racing and National Hunt Racing. Flat Racing is t