The USA bought the American Virgin Islands in 1917, from which country?

Purchase of the United States Virgin Islands, 1917 Other State Department Archive Sites Purchase of the United States Virgin Islands, 1917 Beginning in 1867, the United States made several attempts to expand its influence into the Caribbean by acquiring the Danish West Indies. However, due to a number of political difficulties in concluding and ratifying a treaty to govern this exchange, this collection of islands did not become a part of the United States until their formal transfer from Denmark on March 31, 1917. After the transfer, the United States Government changed the name of the islands to the Virgin Islands of the United States. The Danish West Indies were controlled by several European powers before coming under Danish control in the late 1600s. The Danish West Indies were further enlarged by the 1733 purchase of the island of St. Croix from France, and an 1848 revolt led to the abolition of slavery in the colony. However, after the 1830s, the islands entered into a period of economic decline, and the Danish government found that the West Indies colony was becoming increasingly expensive to administrate. In 1867, Secretary of State William Henry Seward attempted to acquire the Danish West Indies as part of his plan for peaceful territorial expansion. Seward successfully negotiated a treaty that was ratified by the Danish parliament and approved by a local, limited-suffrage plebiscite. The treaty also allowed islanders the choice to remain Danish subjects or become U.S. citizens. However, the U.S. Senate, angered over Seward's support of President Andrew Johnson during his impeachment trial, rejected the treaty. John Hay, U.S. Secretary of State from 1898 to 1905, was also interested in acquiring the Danish West Indies, as part of his broader plans for American expansion and securing the route of the future Panama Canal . In 1900, the U.S. and Danish governments again entered into a treaty, which the Senate ratified in 1902. However, the upper house of the Danish parliament did not ratify this treaty, deadlocking in a tied vote. The 1902 treaty did not contain a plebiscite provision, nor did it accord U.S. citizenship to the islanders. The U.S. purchase of the Danish West Indies was thus delayed again. In 1915, especially after the sinking of the Lusitania , the issue of the U.S. purchase of the Danish West Indies again became an important issue in U.S. foreign policy. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and Secretary of State Robert Lansing feared that the German government might annex Denmark, in which case the Germans might also secure the Danish West Indies as a naval or submarine base from where they could launch additional attacks on shipping in the Caribbean and the Atlantic. Lansing thus approached Constantin Brun, the Danish Minister to the United States, about the possible purchase of the Danish West Indies in October of 1915, but Brun rejected the proposal. Many Danes resisted U.S. acquisition of these islands as they expected that the unfortunate civil rights record of the U.S. in the early twentieth century would have disastrous consequences for the predominantly black population of the Danish West Indies. The Danish government thus required that any treaty transferring ownership of the islands to the United States would make provisions for a local plebiscite, U.S. citizenship for the islanders, and free trade. Lansing rejected these provisions claiming that these issues fell under the jurisdiction of Congress and thus could not be extended by treaty. Lansing also objected to a treaty provision that Danish citizens be guaranteed the legal rights that they currently enjoyed on the islands. Concerned about recent events and Danish recalcitrance, Lansing implied that if Denmark was unwilling to sell, the United States might occupy the islands to prevent their seizure by Germany. Preferring peaceful transfer to occupation, the Danish government agreed to Lansing's demands, and Brun and Lansing signed a treaty in New York on August 4, 1916. The treaty was approved by the Danish Lower House on August 14, and su


Who wrote the 46 volume county-by-county guide Buildings of England between 1951 and 1974?

Events | Revising Pevsner’s Huddersfield Events | Revising Pevsner’s Huddersfield 7th Jun 2016 19:30 Huddersfield Town Hall, Reception Room The Pevsner Buildings of England is a series of guide books to the architecture of the country. Begun in the 1940s by art historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner, the 46 volumes were published between 1951 and 1974. The Yorkshire: West Riding volume was first published in 1959 with a revised edition in 1967. It has taken fifty years for the publishers to arrange a further revision. The good news is that Joseph Sharples, has recently finished researching and writing the revised entry for Huddersfield for the forthcoming West Riding: South volume. He will speak about how he approached this task, and about his impressions of the town and its architecture. In 1967 ‘Pevsner’ included many Huddersfield buildings that have since been demolished; the 1880 Market Hall, the Pack Horse Hotel, much of Queen Street, East end of Ramsden Street including the public baths and the East side of the Market Place. The 1968-1973 redevelopment of the town centre, the ring road (completed in 1973), pedestrian precincts, the growth of the university and Kingsgate have had massive effects on the town. What will Joseph conclude? Joseph wrote the Pevsner Architectural Guide to Liverpool (Yale, 2004), and the entry on Aberdeen for the latest volume in the Buildings of Scotland series, Aberdeenshire: South and Aberdeen (Yale, 2015). A Huddersfield Civic Society event. Free. All welcome. © 2017 Huddersfield Civic Society. Registered Charity Number: 242397


The single shortest term as Prime Minister was a period of 22 days in 1834, who was in office?

records of prime ministers of the united kingdom : definition of records of prime ministers of the united kingdom and synonyms of records of prime ministers of the united kingdom (English)   Period of service   Robert Walpole , the longest-serving Prime Minister (1721–1742) The Prime Minister with the longest single term was Sir Robert Walpole , lasting 20 years and 314 days from 4 April 1721 until 11 February 1742. This is also longer than the accumulated terms of any other Prime Minister.   George Canning , who served the shortest total period as an effective Prime Minister (1827) The shortest period in office is more confused, depending on the criteria. The shortest ever period was only two days, a record held by the Earl of Bath , from 10 February to 12 February 1746, who was asked to form a government but was unable to find more than one person who would agree to serve in his cabinet. A satirist of the time wrote: "the minister to the astonishment of all wise men never transacted one rash thing; and, what is more marvellous, left as much money in the Treasury as he found in it." The 2nd Earl Waldegrave was prime minister for four days, from 8 June to 12 June 1757. However, since neither of these Earls actually formed an effective government, there are other contenders for the record of shortest term of office among those who actually governed the country. In November 1834, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington declined to become Prime Minister in favour of Sir Robert Peel but formed a "caretaker" administration for 25 days (17 November 1834 – 9 December 1834) while Peel returned from Europe. However, as a caretaker administration this might not necessarily be considered a term of office in its own right. Therefore of those with clear and effective terms, the Prime Minister with the shortest single one was Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham , whose second term lasted 96 days from 27 March 1782 until his death on 1 July 1782. However, combined with his first term (13 July 1765 – 30 July 1766) his total time in office was 1 year and 113 days, which exceeds the total periods of several other Prime Ministers. (The Duke of Wellington had also served as prime minister between 1828 and 1830.) Consequently, the Prime Minister with the total shortest period in office was George Canning , whose sole term lasted 119 days from 10 April 1827 until his death on 8 August 1827.   Other notables The Prime Minister with the longest period between the start of their first appointment and the end of their final term was William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland , whose first term began on 2 April 1783 and his second and final term ended on 4 October 1809. Portland also holds the record for the longest period between terms—his first term ended on 19 December 1783 and his second term did not start until 31 March 1807.   Number of terms   William Ewart Gladstone , appointed Prime Minister more times than any other and the oldest person ever appointed to the office A Prime Minister's "term" is traditionally regarded as the period between their appointment and resignation, dismissal (or death, in the case of those who die in office), with the number of general elections taking place in the intervening period making no difference.[ citation needed ] The only Prime Minister to serve four terms was William Ewart Gladstone (3 December 1868 – 20 February 1874, 23 April 1880 – 23 June 1885, 1 February 1886 – 25 July 1886 and 15 August 1892 – 5 March 1894).   Age at appointment   William Pitt the Younger , the youngest ever Prime Minister The youngest Prime Minister to be appointed was William Pitt the Younger on 19 December 1783 at the age of 24 years, 6 months and 21 days. The oldest Prime Minister to be appointed for the first time was Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston on 6 February 1855 at the age of 71 years, 3 months and 17 days. Palmerston was also the last Prime Minister to die in office in 1865. The oldest Prime Minister to be appointed overall was William Ewart Gladstone , who was born on 29 December 1


Who was the Emperor of Rome at the time of the invasion of Britain in 43 AD?

Romans in Britain - The Roman Invasion of Britain (43 AD) of Britain (43 AD) Background and events leading to the invasion Following the death of Cunobeline the throne passed to his two sons and the balance of power in the island changed dramatically. By 43 AD, Rome was trading heavily with Britain, especially in the metals that they needed for everyday items. Britain, and mostly the South East, had taken a distinct anti-Roman attitude. Even though Britain was trading heavily with Rome, discontent grew. Such matters as the taxes paid to Rome were causing anger amongst the Britons. The factors that Claudius took into account before the planned third invasion Rome had, up to this point, enjoyed useful political and trading relationships which they wanted to keep alive. Trade with was bringing in a good income, especially for the wine growers, the pottery factories and merchandise in general. The Spanish silver mines, for which Rome depended to produce raw materials for the manufacture of it's currency were running low. Shafts had to be dug deeper. This meant that less material was available and with deeper mines, the time and cost factor rose sharply. Information arrived from Rome that extensive surface deposits of argentiferous lead ore (galena) had been found in the South West region of Britain This invasion would enable Claudius to deflect attention from his political battles with the Senate of Rome Iron was also available throughout Britain, which could be used to repair ships damaged in the invasions of 55 and 54 BC. There seemed little alternative for Claudius and his advisors. A full scale invasion to take complete control was the only course of action. To the Emperor, this reversal in attitudes was an insult to his great forbear, Julius Caesar. There is nothing any roman cherished so much as a great victory to boost his personal image and that of Rome. The Roman Empire was in a peaceful stage and so it was possible to gather an army of troops for this task. Claudius gathered together and formidable army. Following on from the failures of Julius Caesar, he planed this invasion with the utmost care. His first action was to retire those who did not reach a set level of fitness. Planning the invasion This time a great deal of planning by Claudius went into this attempt. Four years previously, Gaius had planned such a mission,but it was abandoned. The main reason for the reluctance to launch an invasion was due to an element the Romans had not encountered before and been defeated by it in each case. The sea between Gaul and Britain had been the downfall of Caesar twice. The Roman troops were superstitious terrified of the channel crossing as they knew of the dangers this stretch of water could bring. This may seem strange, according to the writings of Suetonius, the Roman hierarchy must have taken it seriously as, to aid the boats in their travels a lighthouse was built at Boulonge to act a beacon for the craft passing across the channel. Plautius was forced to delay the landing until late in the year because of the unpredictable weather conditions. Suetonius, noted that the delay was claimed to have been delayed by a minor illness to Galba. The supreme commander , Plautius, was unable to exert his authority, for reasons unclear, so he turned to Rome for help, This came in the form of Narcissus, the Secretary for State, and a close advisor to Claudius. He managed to persuade the troops into boarding. Because of his background, he was more on a level with the troops and so managed to get them to board. The invasion Dio recorded the happenings of the invasion. He stated that there were three divisions, not one. This would mean three separate landings, making the defence of Britain harder than if just one beach was chosen. It is unclear whether this meant three separate landing spots, or whether there were three groups of ships in line. Three groups may have been used so that the first group would secure a landing, then the other would follow and land. It is stated that three legions were involved at the Medway battle , so


Royal Marines Commandos - History Learning Site Royal Marines Commandos Citation: C N Trueman "Royal Marines Commandos" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 25 May 2015. 16 Aug 2016. The British Army had created its first commando unit in 1940 and from 1942 on, it joined with the Royal Marines. The Royal Marines had a proud history even before the outbreak of World War Two . It was during the 1939 – 45 war, that the Royal Marines took on a commando role, linking the regiment to the Army Commandos that already existed.   The commandos task was to land in Nazi-occupied Western Europe usually at night, destroy vital targets and leave as quickly as possible. In June 1940 , Churchill had called for 20,000 men; men he called “leopards” ready to spring at the throats of the Germans. Winston Churchill had ordered the creation of a “butcher and bolt” small group raiding unit after the defeat at Dunkirk and the evacuation of the BEF from mainland Europe. Morale in the country was thought to be in need of a boost. Clearly, Britain was not in a position to launch any form of major military attack on the Germans – but a series of spectaculars would, Churchill believed, do a great deal for morale. “There ought to be at least 20,000 Storm Troops or ‘Leopards’ drawn from existing units, ready to spring at the throats of any small landings or descents.”Churchill On June 9th, 1940 , a department in the War Office was created to deal with the issues surrounding the creation of such a force. This office was to become Combined Operations as it involved all three services Recruits were drawn from the British Army. Churchill himself ordered that thye should be equipped with the best equipment. In 1942 , men from the Royal Marines joined (40 Commando was formed in February 1942) and recruits were also drawn from the British Police Force. Selection for the new commando force was necessarily demanding. Men had to be physically very fit. But they also had to show that they did not need the traditional chain of command to operate in the field as in the heat of battle such chains of command could break down. Initiative was considered to be a vital commodity. Some 400 men passed through the first phase of recruitment – which included training when live ammunition was being used. Lieutenant-Colonel Dudley Clark of the Royal Artillery put forward the name ‘commando’ for the new force – after the term used in the Second Boer War. Churchill himself approved of the title while senior military figures did not; they preferred the title ‘Special Service’ and the two were used alongside one another. To start with, each commando unit was to consist of fifty men and three officers. In 1941 , this changed to sixty-five men per commando. Eventually, commandos from the Army and the Royal Marines were combined into four brigades. Those who got through the training received extra pay and the kudos of wearing the commando badge on their uniform. At the end of training each commando was skilled in beach assaults, cliff assaults, signalling, close quarter fighting, outdoor survival and demolition. Training was done in Scotland where a special training centre was created at Lochailort. Combined Operations created an all forces amphibious centre at Inveraray in the Scottish Highlands. In 1942 , a specific commando training base was established at Achnacarry Castle, also in Scotland. Training was done in Scotland for a number of reasons – the primary one being that the training centres were so remote that they attracted few observers and anyone in the vicinity of one of the training centres would quickly be recognised. Also the more severe climate in Scotland was perfect for what the commandos had to train for. The first official commando raid was in June 1940 on the northern French coast.  Commandos were also in action in other parts of France , Norway , the Middle East and Italy. They played a significant part in D-Day and their success led to Hitler bringing in his ‘Kommadobefehl’ – the Commando Order .


What is the more common name for the confection rahat lokum?

Turkish Delight - CHARACTER EDUCATION CHARACTER EDUCATION Turkish Delight, lokum or loukoum Turkish Delight, lokum or loukoum is a confection made from starch and sugar. It is often flavored with rosewater and lemon, the former giving it a characteristic pale pink color. It has a soft, jelly-like and sometimes sticky consistency, and is often packaged and eaten in small cubes that are dusted with sugar or copra to prevent sticking. Some types contain small nut pieces, usually pistachio, hazelnut or walnuts. Other common types include flavors such as cinnamon or mint. Origin Reay Tannahill suggests that the Persian confection ahbisa (jelly) was the ancestor of Turkish rahat lokum, the long name for the sweet. According to the Ali Muhiddin Hacı Bekir Company of Istanbul, founded in 1777, lokum was popularized by them during the 19th century. Lokum was introduced to the west in the 19th century. During his travels to Istanbul, an unknown Briton became very fond of the delicacy, purchased cases of lokum, and shipped them to Britain under the name Turkish Delight. It became a major delicacy not only in Britain, but throughout continental Europe. Name The Turkish word lokum may come from lokma in Turkish or لقومlukuum, the Arabic plural of لقمة luqma(t) 'morsel' or 'mouthful'. However, there is no other word used for morsel in Turkish either. Alternatively, it may have derived from Ottoman rahat hulkum or Arabic راحة الحلقم rahat al-hulkum 'contentment of the throat'. In Libya, for example, it is known as ḥalgūm. In English, it was formerly called "lumps of delight". Around the world In North America, Turkish Delight is not especially common, but it forms the basic foundation of the Big Turk and Fry's Turkish Delight chocolate bars. It is also the basis for most of Liberty Orchards' line of confectionery, including Aplets & Cotlets. It is known in Brazil (called rahat) due to Lebanese immigration. Armenian, Cypriot, Greek (called "λουκούμι", loukoumi), Albanian, Bulgarian, Macedonian (Albanian: "llokum", Bulgarian and Macedonian: "локум", lokum), Romanian (called "rahat"), former Yugoslav states like Bosnia and Herzegovina (called "rahat lokum"), or Serbia ("ратлук", ratluk), Iranian and other Middle Eastern cuisines also have sweets similar to Turkish delight. Jelly desserts are also common in Asia, but they are entirely different from the composition of Turkish Delight and that of other Middle Eastern cuisines: Korean chapssaeltteok, similar to Japanese mochi, is a sweet cake made from sticky rice and usually filled with sweet red bean paste. China has a similar cake too, usually using sesame paste as well as red beans. In popular culture Turkish Delight is the addictive confection to which Edmund Pevensie succumbs in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis. Sales of the confection periodically rose after the theatrical release ofThe Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe


St Gertrude is the name of a piece of music usually used for which popular hymn?

Praise And Thanksgiving Praise and Thanksgiving Detailed Description Organ Seven Majestic Hymn Settings for Organ. Arranged by Mark Thewes. Organ - Method or Collection. H. W. Gray. Sacred. Book. 28 pages. Published by Jubilate Music Group (AP.GBM0202). Item Number: AP.GBM0202 ISBN 0757982212. Mr. Thewes has earned a reputation as a fine composer, as well as an arranger of hymns. This collection includes seven of the most popular and powerful hymns for the Thanksgiving season, or general use. These are designed for use with congregational singing, and each includes an introduction, standard verse, and interlude/modulation to a final verse accompaniment. A sure winner for every organist! Titles: Now Thank We All Our God (Nun Danket) * We Gather Together (Kremser) * Come, Ye Thankful People, Come (St. George's Windsor) * For the Beauty of the Earth (Dix) * All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name (Coronation) * Onward Christian Soldiers (St. Gertrude) * Praise, My Soul, the King of Heaven (Lauda Anima). Now Thank We All Our God (Nun Danket)  We Gather Together (Kremser)  Come, Ye Thankful People, Come (St. George's Windsor)  For the Beauty of the Earth (Dix)  All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name (Coronation)  Onward Christian Soldiers (St. Gertrude)  Praise, My Soul, the King of Heaven (Lauda Anima).  Song List (7) Organ Seven Majestic Hymn Settings for Organ. Arranged by Mark Thewes. Organ - Method or Collection. H. W. Gray. Sacred. Book. 28 pages. Published by Jubilate Music Group (AP.GBM0202). Item Number: AP.GBM0202 ISBN 0757982212. Mr. Thewes has earned a reputation as a fine composer, as well as an arranger of hymns. This collection includes seven of the most popular and powerful hymns for the Thanksgiving season, or general use. These are designed for use with congregational singing, and each includes an introduction, standard verse, and interlude/modulation to a final verse accompaniment. A sure winner for every organist! Titles: Now Thank We All Our God (Nun Danket) * We Gather Together (Kremser) * Come, Ye Thankful People, Come (St. George's Windsor) * For the Beauty of the Earth (Dix) * All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name (Coronation) * Onward Christian Soldiers (St. Gertrude) * Praise, My Soul, the King of Heaven (Lauda Anima). Now Thank We All Our God (Nun Danket)  We Gather Together (Kremser)  Come, Ye Thankful People, Come (St. George's Windsor)  For the Beauty of the Earth (Dix)  All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name (Coronation)  Onward Christian Soldiers (St. Gertrude)  Praise, My Soul, the King of Heaven (Lauda Anima).  Customers Who Bought Praise and Thanksgiving Also Bought: Seven Majestic Hymn Settings for Organ * = required How do you rate this item?           Your Screen Name: (optional) This name will appear next to your review. Leave it blank if you wish to appear as "Anonymous". Review Title: Rate this product's difficulty level: Location: Email address: (optional) Used to contact you regarding your review. If you do not wish to be contacted, leave it blank. Review Guidelines Explain exactly why you liked or disliked the product. Do you like the artist? Is the transcription accurate? Is it a good teaching tool? Consider writing about your experience and musical tastes. Are you a beginner who started playing last month? Do you usually like this style of music? Feel free to recommend similar pieces if you liked this piece, or alternatives if you didn't. Be respectful of artists, readers, and your fellow reviewers. Please do not use inappropriate language, including profanity, vulgarity, or obscenity. Avoid disclosing contact information (email addresses, phone numbers, etc.), or including URLs, time-sensitive material or alternative ordering information. We cannot post your review if it violates these guidelines. If you have any suggestions or comments on the guidelines, please email us. All submitted reviews become the licensed property of Sheet Music Plus and are subject to all laws pertaining thereto. If you believe that any review contained on our site infringes upon your copyright, please email us. Read Sheet


Miles Standish was the captain of which famous ship?

Capt. Myles Standish (c.1584 - 1656) - Genealogy Capt. Myles Standish "Miles", "Captain Shrimp", "Captain Shrimpe" Birthdate: in Plymouth, Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts Cause of death: Duxbury, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, USA Immediate Family: Military Captain of the Mayflower that landed at Plymouth Rock Managed by: Added 2016-07-01 16:05:48 -0700 by Private User Collection: July 13 1584 - Ellanbane, Isle of Man, Lancashire, England Death: Added 2016-05-13 16:35:26 -0700 by Private User Collection: July 13 1584 - Ellanbane, Isle of Man, Lancashire, England Death: Added 2016-05-13 16:35:25 -0700 by Private User Collection: Oct 3 1656 - Duxbury, Duxbury, Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States Wife: Added 2016-04-12 11:57:57 -0700 by Susan Elizabeth Thompson Collection: 1585 - Ellanbane, Isle of Man, United Kingdom Death: Oct 3 1656 - Duxbury, Plymouth, MA, USA Parents: John Standish Ii, Christian Standish (born Lace) Wife: Rose (Handley) Standish Children: Added 2016-05-13 16:35:28 -0700 by Private User Collection: Between 1583 and 1585 - Isle of Man Death: Added 2016-04-12 11:58:51 -0700 by Susan Elizabeth Thompson Collection: Oct 3 1656 - Duxbury, Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States Partner: Barbara Standish Children: Added 2016-04-12 11:57:47 -0700 by Susan Elizabeth Thompson Collection: Circa 1584 - Ellenbane, Isle of Man, Lancashire, England Death: Oct 3 1656 - Duxbury, Plymouth County, Massachusetts Parents: John Standish Ii, Christian Standish (born Lace) Siblings: Barbra Standish, 2nd wife Children: ...John Standish, Lora Standish, Myles Standish, Josiah Captain Standish, Josiah Standish, Charles Ii Standish, Martha Standish, Mary Standi... Added 2016-04-12 12:03:32 -0700 by Debbie Collection: 1584 - Ellenbane,Isle of Man, England Death: Oct 3 1656 - Duxbury, Ma. Wife: Added 2016-04-12 12:01:07 -0700 by Susan Elizabeth Thompson Collection: Oct 3 1656 - Duxbury MA Parents: John Standish, Christian Standish (born Lace) Wife: Added 2016-04-12 12:01:01 -0700 by Susan Elizabeth Thompson Collection: July 13 1584 - Ellanbane, Lancashire, England Death: Oct 3 1656 - Duxbury, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA Wife: Barbara (Mullins ? Allen ?) Standish (born Unkown) Son: Added 2016-04-12 11:58:42 -0700 by Susan Elizabeth Thompson Collection: May 22 1593 - Lancashire, England Death: Oct 3 1656 - Duxbury, MA Parents: Capt. Alexander John Standish Ii, Christian Katherine Standish (born Standish Lace) Siblings: John Standish Iii, William Standish Wife: Barbara Katherine Standish (born Mullins (Allen?)) Son: Added 2016-03-03 11:02:30 -0800 by Ryland Gaskins III Collection: Oct 3 1656 - Duxbury, Plymouth County, Massachusetts Parents: John Standish Ii, Christian Standish (born Lace) Wife: Barbara Standish Children: mother About Capt Myles Standish, "Mayflower" Passenger Captain Myles Standish (c.1584 – 1656) was a Mayflower passenger who accompanied the Pilgrims as the commander of their militia, but was not a Pilgrim in the religious sense of the group. Born in Lancashire, England in 1584 to unidentified parents, he fought as a young man against the Spanish in the Netherlands, learning the military trade and developing leadership skills. The Pilgrims, realizing that none of them had any military ability, asked him to command and train their militia, and he sailed with the original colonists. Short, stocky, with bright red hair and a florid complexion that would turn beet red when he was angry, he was "a little chimney too soon fired" as one of his detractors once stated. However, no one questioned his bravery, and his watchfulness over the colony probably saved it from destruction by Indians in its early years. In 1632, he moved a few miles north of Plymouth to Duxbury, Massachusetts, and helped found the town there. He died at the age of 72 at Duxbury, Massachusetts on 3 October 1656, and is buried at the Myles Standish Burying Ground, Duxbury, Plymouth County, Massachusetts. Cause of death is seen as "strangullion" From http://www.seadict.com/en/en/strangullion /straŋ"gʌljən/ n. Now rare or obs. LME. [OFr. (e)stranguillion


Whole-leaf, broken-leaf, fannings and dust are grades of which commodity?

Tea Types | Tea Varieties | Tea Grading Tea Varieties The basic term for whole leaf grade tea. Tea Grading Once manufactured, tea is graded based on its physical description (including leaf size and color). Tea grading varies widely from country to country and from one type to another. It is important to know that tea grading does NOT reflect the quality of the brew (with the exception of graded teas from Taiwan). Indian black teas are subject to the most structured and extensive grading system. Because the consumer is most likely to encounter the method used for grading Indian and Ceylon black tea, we offer a more detailed description of it below. The basic term used in grading Indian and Ceylon black tea is Orange Pekoe (pronounced PECK-oh), or OP. The word "pekoe" is derived from the Chinese word "bai hao," for white tip, a reference to the white downy hairs found on the bud leaves. The word "orange" has nothing to do with orange flavor or scent, but may be a reference to the Dutch House of Orange, the Dutch royal family in the early days of the European tea trade. In addition to the OP designation, additional letters are often assigned to describe the leaves' various characteristics. Black tea is broken down into four different categories: whole leaf, broken leaf, fannings and dust, each of which is described below: Whole Leaf Grades OP Orange Pekoe: The basic term for whole leaf grade tea. OP contains long, pointed leaves that are larger than FOP and have been harvested when the end buds open into leaf. OP usually does not contain tips. FOP Flowery Orange Pekoe: FOP tea is made from the end bud and first leaf of each shoot. FOP contains fine, tender young leaves with buds, also referred to as tips (a mark of quality tea). GFOP Finest Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe: Very high quality FOP. SFTGFOP Supreme Finest Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe: Very high quality FOP with lots of golden tips. The numeral "1" is often added to the end of the description to indicate a top quality tea (e.g. SFTGFOP1).   Broken Leaf Grades The term Broken Orange Pekoe, or BOP, is used to describe large leaf fragments. The same grading terminology that is used for whole leaf (OP) teas is also applied to BOP teas (e.g. TGBOP = Tippy Golden Broken Orange Pekoe). BOP teas retain much of the quality attributed to whole leaf, or OP tea, and are often used to make tea blends.   Fannings are leaf fragments smaller than the BOP grade, often used in tea bags.   Dust Dust is generally the remnants of the grading process (after OP, BOP and Fannings have been removed). It is often used in ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages such as bottled iced tea.


According to the words of a poem, who lived by the shores of Gitche Gurnee?

Longfellow: The Song of Hiawatha, The Song of Hiawatha The Song of Hiawatha On the shores of Gitche Gumee, Of the shining Big-Sea-Water, Stood Nokomis, the old woman, Pointing with her finger westward, O'er the water pointing westward, To the purple clouds of sunset.   Fiercely the red sun descending Burned his way along the heavens, Set the sky on fire behind him, As war-parties, when retreating, Burn the prairies on their war-trail; And the moon, the Night-sun, eastward, Suddenly starting from his ambush, Followed fast those bloody footprints, Followed in that fiery war-trail, With its glare upon his features.   And Nokomis, the old woman, Pointing with her finger westward, Spake these words to Hiawatha: "Yonder dwells the great Pearl-Feather, Megissogwon, the Magician, Manito of Wealth and Wampum, Guarded by his fiery serpents, Guarded by the black pitch-water. You can see his fiery serpents, The Kenabeek, the great serpents, Coiling, playing in the water; You can see the black pitch-water Stretching far away beyond them, To the purple clouds of sunset!   "He it was who slew my father, By his wicked wiles and cunning, When he from the moon descended, When he came on earth to seek me. He, the mightiest of Magicians, Sends the fever from the marshes, Sends the pestilential vapors, Sends the white fog from the fen-lands, Sends disease and death among us!   "Take your bow, O Hiawatha, Take your arrows, jasper-headed, And your birch-canoe for sailing, And the oil of Mishe-Nahma, So to smear its sides, that swiftly  You may pass the black pitch-water; Slay this merciless magician, Save the people from the fever That he breathes across the fen-lands, And avenge my father's murder!"   Straightway then my Hiawatha Armed himself with all his war-gear, Launched his birch-canoe for sailing; With his palm its sides he patted, Said with glee, "Cheemaun, my darling, O my Birch-canoe! leap forward, Where you see the fiery serpents, Where you see the black pitch-water!"   Forward leaped Cheemaun exulting, Sang his war-song wild and woful, And above him the war-eagle, The Keneu, the great war-eagle, Master of all fowls with feathers, Screamed and hurtled through the heavens.   Soon he reached the fiery serpents, The Kenabeek, the great serpents, Lying huge upon the water, Sparkling, rippling in the water, Lying coiled across the passage, With their blazing crests uplifted, Breathing fiery fogs and vapors, So that none could pass beyond them.   But the fearless Hiawatha Cried aloud, and spake in this wise: "Let me pass my way, Kenabeek, Let me go upon my journey!" And they answered, hissing fiercely, With their fiery breath made answer: "Back, go back! O Shaugodaya! Back to old Nokomis, Faint-heart!"   Then the angry Hiawatha Raised his mighty bow of ash-tree, Seized his arrows, jasper-headed, Shot them fast among the serpents; Every twanging of the bow-string Was a war-cry and a death-cry, Every whizzing of an arrow Was a death-song of Kenabeek.   Weltering in the bloody water, Dead lay all the fiery serpents, And among them Hiawatha Harmless sailed, and cried exulting: "Onward, O Cheemaun, my darling! Onward to the black pitch-water!"   Then he took the oil of Nahma, And the bows and sides anointed, Smeared them well with oil, that swiftly He might pass the black pitch-water.   All night long he sailed upon it, Sailed upon that sluggish water, Covered with its mould of ages, Black with rotting water-rushes, Rank with flags and leaves of lilies, Stagnant, lifeless, dreary, dismal, Lighted by the shimmering moonlight, And by will-o'-the-wisps illumined, Fires by ghosts of dead men kindled, In their weary night-encampments.   All the air was white with moonlight, All the water black with shadow, And around him the Suggema, The mosquito, sang his war-song, And the fire-flies, Wah-wah-taysee, Waved their torches to mislead him; And the bull-frog, the Dahinda, Thrust his head into the moonlight, Fixed his yellow eyes upon him, Sobbed and sank beneath the surface; And anon a thousand whistles, Answered over all the fen-lands, And the heron,


The song Hey Big Spender comes from which musical?

Shirley Bassey - Big Spender (1990 Live in Costa Del Sol) - YouTube Shirley Bassey - Big Spender (1990 Live in Costa Del Sol) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 22, 2010 1990 (Costa Del Sol, Spain Concert) ABOUT the song: "Big Spender" is a song written by Cy Coleman and Dorothy Fields for the musical Sweet Charity. It is sung, in the musical, by the dance hostess "girls"; it was choreographed by Bob Fosse for the Broadway musical and the film.  It is "set to the beat of a striptease" as the girls "taunt" the customers. A hit version of the song by Shirley Bassey reached #21 in the UK Singles Chart in December 1967.  This version featured in the 2004 film The Life and Death of Peter Sellers, and in the 2005 film Nynne. The song has become one of Bassey's signature songs. She has performed the song numerous times, most notably for the 80th birthday of Prince Philip. She also sang it at the 2007 Glastonbury Festival. The song was also featured on Shirley's recent, 'Get The Party Started' CD. LYRICS:


Ann Cleves wrote the novel Red Bones, which BBC TV drama, screened in 2013 and 2014, was based on it?

Ann Cleeves    ANN CLEEVES Contact Ann's FB page Ann Cleeves receives Iceland Noir's Honorary Award for Services to the Art of Crime Fiction. Photograph © Garrick Webster; used with permission. Ann Cleeves World-Wide Crime-writer Ann Cleeves wins praise and awards around the globe, these days. At the recent Iceland Noir convention in Reykjavik, she was announced the winner of Iceland Noir's first ever Honorary Award for Services to the Art of Crime Fiction. The Crime Fiction Lover blog explains: "She has been instrumental in helping the bi-annual event establish itself. She's also an advocate for reading and library provision, while in her books she explores families and communities and how they're affected by dramatic events... such as murder." (and that the award was accompanied by an authentic Icelandic wool blanket, very welcome in Reykjavik in November. Writing about it in her Diary , Ann says: " I was astonished and delighted. There was a plaque and a beautiful Icelandic woollen blanket. I will treasure them both and of course I'll be back in two years time. If you love books, the company of readers and writers, and a landscape to take your breath away, you should be there too." . This marks not only the continuation of a popular and much-praised series, but also Ann's thirtieth book in 30 years! Cold Earth opens as Jimmy Perez attends the burial of his old friend Magnus Tait: but torrential rain triggers a landslide that reveals a totally unexpected body that of a dark-haired woman wearing a red silk dress. Her identity is a mystery Jimmy becomes obsessed with solving: perhaps it can help the dark-haired Fair Islander resolve some mysteries of his own. Mark Lawson chose Cold Earth as one of his best crime books of the year , and called Ann "the best living evoker of landscape". "One of the most memorable entries in the series." And there's more to celebrate: TV's Shetland crime drama, which has carried off two Scottish Baftas: when the winners of this year's awards were revealed, Shetland took the prize in two of the four categories for which it was in the running. Shetland itself won best television drama, and Douglas Henshall, who plays detective inspector Jimmy Perez, was named best television actor. Director Jan Matthys (best director film/television) and Gaby Chiappe (best writer film/television) were also nominated. Congratulations to all concerned - and here's looking forward to series four! Vera storms the US To know Ann Cleeves's brilliant but unglamorous Detective Inspector Vera Stanhope is to love her - and it's now easier than ever for US readers to make Vera's acquaintance. The Moth Catcher , the seventh Vera Stanhope book, dramatised as episode three of the sixth series of ITV's VERA , is now available in the US. And next year, publishers Minotaur Books will also be bringing out for the first time US editions of Vera's entire backlist. In The Moth Catcher (now available in paperback in the UK) Vera's seventh investigation takes her to Valley Farm, a quiet community in Northumberland, where life seems perfect. Then a shocking discovery shatters the silence. The owners of a big country house have employed a house-sitter, a young ecologist named Patrick, to look after the place while they're away. But Patrick is found dead by the side of the lane into the valley - a beautiful, lonely place to die... " The Moth Catcher is a splendid, solidly plotted modern take on a golden-age "closed circle" mystery, and Vera, as always, is a delight." All about Vera , the TV series and the books. Shetland with a difference! Ann has published two other Shetland books - but with a difference! There's a new mystery featuring Detective Inspector Jimmy Perez from the bestselling Shetland series: but Too Good To Be True is a gripping Quick Read which takes Jimmy Perez away from his home territory, all the way south to the Borders. When young teacher Anna Blackwell is found dead in her home, the police think her death was suicide or a tragic accident. After all, Stonebridge is a quiet country village in the Scottish Borders,


According to tradition, The Pied Piper of Hamelin drowned the town?s rats in which river?

Pied Piper Lures 130 Children of Hamelin Away ⋆ History Channel Podcasts Pied Piper Lures 130 Children of Hamelin Away This day, the Feast day of St John and Paul, is generally acknowledged as the fateful day when the Pied Piper of Hamelin lured the unfortunate children of that small German town away from their homes and to their deaths. According to tradition, the dreadful events took place in 1284. The town of Hamelin, so the legend goes, was overrun by rats, and its citizens looked for someone to rid them of the infestation. A stranger appeared, wearing pied, or multi-coloured, clothing, claiming he was a rat-catcher who could, for a fee, rid the town of its problem. The townspeople engaged the stranger, who set about his task in a strange way, luring the rats from their hiding places by playing a wooden pipe. He led the rats down to the banks of the Weser River, where in a trance like state, they were drowned. The citizens rejoiced, but their good fortune did not prompt them to pay the piper, who angrily vowed revenge. He returned to the town at a time when he knew the adults would be in church, and once again played his pipe. This time the town’s children fell under the piper’s spell. The fate of the children varies in the many different versions of the legend that exist, but most are in agreement that 130 girls and boys were taken, never to be seen again. It is a tale that is difficult to verify, as contemporary accounts of the event do not exist. The legend of the piper is based upon a combination of legend, supposition, and perhaps even some facts. The first mention of an incident is to be found in the town’s chronicle for the year 1384, which states “it is 100 years since our children left.” From this point on, stories of the piper began circulating, and from the 14th century onwards the legend was truly established. There are a multitude of theories as to the origins of the tale, several of which have a plausible basis. One notion is that the story was born out of a great tragedy in the town, possibly a plague-like illness, which led to the demise of its children. In this context the figure of the Pied Piper could be perceived as a representation of Death, who was often portrayed in medieval times playing a flute. The story might equally have its roots in the migratory phenomenon known as Ostsiedlung, which constituted the mass movement of German people eastwards during the middle ages. The “children leaving” might have been a poetic way of saying that the town experienced a mass exodus. A further theory is that the piper was a flamboyantly dressed recruiting officer, who convinced a large number of the town’s people to leave town for some sort of campaign. The true origins of the Pied Piper legend might remain elusive, but that does not detract from its longevity. The tale continues to be told and re-told, not least in Hamelin, where it occupies a vital part in the town’s consciousness. Credit: © World History Archive / Alamy Caption: An illustration from a children’s book of the Pied Piper leading away the children of Hamelin, circa 1899. This Day in History


What was the name of the army doctor, son of the Bishop of Liverpool, who was awarded two Victoria Crosses during World War 1, the second posthumously?

Olympians who won the Victoria Cross - i-narrative.com i-narrative.com admin History , Sport Olympians who won the Victoria Cross A number of Olympians have been awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry. In this post, we briefly look at the ways in which some of these men gained the accolade. Olympians who were awarded the Victoria Cross competed in a range of sports. Many of them received the award posthumously. Noel Godfrey Chavasse Chavasse is one of only three people ever to be awarded the Victoria Cross twice. His citations were both for his heroism and bravery on the Western Front during the First World War. Chavasse was the son of the Bishop of Liverpool and a qualified doctor. He represented Great Britain at the 1908 Olympics as an athlete. He ran in the 400 metres but despite coming third in his heat he did not progress to the next round. Chavasse’s first Victoria Cross was awarded for saving the lives of twenty badly wounded men despite being injured himself. The citation read: He saved the lives of some 20 badly wounded men, besides the ordinary cases which passed through his hands. His courage and self-sacrifice were beyond praise. London Gazette, October 1916. His second citation was for bravery a year later, in actions that resulted in his death. The citation reads: By his extraordinary energy and inspiring example was instrumental in rescuing many wounded who would have otherwise undoubtedly succumbed under the bad weather conditions. This devoted and gallant officer subsequently died of his wounds. London Gazette, September 1917. Paul Aloysius Kenna Kenna was an English born Irishman who lived in Liverpool for much of his childhood. Kenna joined the army and served in Sudan in the 1890’s. It was here that his actions resulted in the awarding of the Victoria Cross. During the Battle of Omdurman, Kenna rode to rescue a major whose horse had been shot. He left the Major in a place of safety and immediately rode back to assist a Lieutenant who was recovering the body of another officer whilst under fire. His valour under fire earned him the citation and award for the Victoria Cross. Kenna remained a professional soldier and was part of the Equestrian Individual eventing (Military) competition at the 1912 Olympics. He finished 27th in the individual jumping event. The team failed to complete the event. Kenna was killed in action fighting at Gallipoli on 30th August, 1915. Brian Turner Tom Lawrence Lawrence served as a professional soldier in the Boer War, First World War and Second World War, surviving each of them. He participated in equestrian events as part of the Great Britain military team at the 1912 Olympics. Neither he or the team were able to complete the event. Lawrence’s Victoria Cross citation was for actions during the Boer War. On 7th August, 1900, Lawrence, then a sergeant, and a private were ambushed by at least a dozen Boers. The private’s horse was shot and threw the soldier, dislocating his shoulder. Lawrence managed to carry the soldier and hold off the band of Boer assailants whilst retreating two miles, on foot, with just two carbines as weapons. Philip Neame Philip Neame rose to the rank of Lieutenant General in the army. He was knighted, won an Olympic Medal and was awarded the Victoria Cross. He is the only person to have won an Olympic Medal and be awarded the Victoria Cross. Neame was a professional soldier who held a commission prior to the outset of the First World War. He was awarded the Victoria Cross for actions that happened in November, 1914. His citation reads: On 19 December 1914 at Neuve Chapelle, France, Lieutenant Neame, in the face of very heavy fire, engaged the Germans in a single-handed bombing attack, killing and wounding a number of them. He was able to check the enemy advance for three-quarters of an hour and to rescue all the wounded whom it was possible to move. Neame was promoted several times and also mentioned in dispatches again during the war: he also received the Distinguished Service Order in January, 1916. Neame was part of the British ‘Running Deer’ team


Which Football League club moved into its new home in 2011 at the Falmer Stadium, now known as the Amex Stadium for sponsorship purposes?

Falmer Stadium | Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia 30,003 (vs Wolverhampton, 4 May 2013) Falmer Stadium, known for sponsorship purposes as the American Express Community Stadium, or simply The Amex, is a football stadium near the village of Falmer in Brighton and Hove and is the home of Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. . The stadium was handed over from the developers to the club on 31 May 2011. The first competitive game to be played at the stadium was the 2010–11 season final of the Sussex Senior Cup between Brighton and Eastbourne Borough on 16 July 2011. The first ever league game was against Doncaster Rovers , who were also the opponents in the last ever game played at Brighton's former stadium, the Goldstone Ground , 14 years earlier. In May 2013 it was announced that the stadium would host games during the 2015 Rugby World Cup. Contents History Plans The plans were initiated by Brighton & Hove Albion after the club's previous home, the Goldstone Ground , was sold by the club's former board (consisting of Greg Stanley, Bill Archer and David Bellotti) to developers in 1995 with no new home arranged. When the club was evicted at the end of the 1996–1997 season, it ground-shared for two seasons at Gillingham ’s Priestfield Stadium , 75 miles away in Kent. Two years later, the club returned to Brighton as tenants of Withdean Stadium , which was upgraded to Football League capacity requirements and later expanded when Brighton reached Division One (now the Football League Championship) in 2002 following two successive promotions. The site at Falmer was identified during the 1998–99 season and it was hoped that the stadium would be ready in the early to mid-2000s. However, subsequent delays in gaining planning permission meant that the club would have to wait until August 2011 before being able to play their home games there – more than a decade after the stadium was first proposed. The stadium is also being considered for becoming a major music venue. On 1 and 2 June 2012, Brighton DJ Fatboy Slim played two nights at the venue. The success of these shows may lead to the stadium becoming a regular music venue. Planning permission Planning permission was given by the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove in June 2002, with the intention of the stadium being ready for the 2005–06 season . The plans for the stadium were fought by neighbouring Lewes District Council and local residents. While the stadium lies completely within Brighton and Hove, the once vacant field to the north-east of the site is in Lewes. Bennet's field as it is known is now used for parking. Further complications were due to both vacant fields, and the campus of the adjacent University of Sussex, being included in the South Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, although outside the National Park. This led to the designation of the stadium plans being the subject of a separate planning inquiry by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. John Prescott, then Deputy Prime Minister, approved the plans on 28 October 2005. However, Lewes District Council immediately mounted a new legal challenge to the stadium plan. In April 2006, Prescott admitted that he had given his approval based on the misconception that only a small part of the stadium site lay on the Lewes side, and withdrew it. Hazel Blears, the Secretary of State responsible for planning, re-affirmed the approval on 25 July 2007. Her decision went against the advice of planning inspectors. Lewes district council, Falmer Parish council and the South Downs Joint Committee (the three main opponents) announced shortly afterwards that they would not mount a high court challenge. On 4 September 2007, the deadline for appealing the new grant of permission expired and the club received full permission to proceed. Construction On 27 November 2008 the Buckingham Group signed the construction contract for the new stadium and began preparation work on the site on 17 December. The stadium is set three storeys down into the ground. 138,000 cubic metres of chalk was excavated for its construction, which was p


Which musical instrument has a name which derives from the Greek for good sound or sweet voice?

Musical Instrument - 2 | Britannica.com Musical Instrument any device for producing a musical sound. Displaying 1 - 100 of 329 results accordion free-reed portable musical instrument, consisting of a treble casing with external piano-style keys or buttons and a bass casing (usually with buttons) attached to opposite sides of a hand-operated bellows. The advent of the accordion is the subject... Aeolian harp (from Aeolus, the Greek god of the winds), a type of box zither on which sounds are produced by the movement of wind over its strings. It is made of a wooden sound box about 1 metre by 13 cm by 8 cm (3 feet by 5 inches by 3 inches) that is loosely strung... aerophone any of a class of musical instruments in which a vibrating mass of air produces the initial sound. The basic types include woodwind, brass, and free-reed instruments, as well as instruments that fall into none of these groups, such as the bull-roarer... ajaeng large Korean bowed zither having seven strings. Its body is about 160 cm (62 inches) long and 25 cm (10 inches) wide and is made of paulownia wood. The ajaeng ’s strings, made of twisted silk, are supported by separate movable bridges. The bow with which... alphorn long horn played by Alpine herdsmen and villagers, sounded for intercommunication and at daily ceremonies and seasonal festivals. It is carved or bored in wood and overwound with birch bark. Some instruments are straight, reaching 12 feet (4 metres)... Amati family a family of celebrated Italian violin makers in Cremona in the 16th and 17th centuries. Andrea (c. 1520– c. 1578), the founder of the Cremona school of violin making, was perhaps originally influenced by the work of slightly earlier makers from Brescia.... angular harp musical instrument in which the neck forms a clear angle with the resonator, or belly; it is one of the principal varieties of the harp. The earliest-known depictions of angular harps are from Mesopotamia about 2000 bc. In Egypt, especially, and in Mesopotamia,... arched harp musical instrument in which the neck extends from and forms a bow-shaped curve with the body. One of the principal forms of harp, it is apparently also the most ancient: depictions of arched harps survive from Sumer and Egypt from about 3000 bc. Both... archlute large 16th-century bass lute provided with additional bass strings, or diapasons, and producing a deeper sound that could be used in orchestral basso continuo parts. The diapasons were tuned according to individual preference, usually in a descending... aulos in ancient Greek music, a single- or double-reed pipe played in pairs (auloi) during the Classical period. After the Classical period, it was played singly. Under a variety of names it was the principal wind instrument of most ancient Middle Eastern... autoharp stringed instrument of the zither family popular for accompaniment in folk music and country and western music. A musician may position the instrument on a table, on the lap while seated, or resting against the left shoulder. An autoharp player strums... bagpipe wind instrument consisting of two or more single- or double-reed pipes, the reeds being set in motion by wind fed by arm pressure on an animal-skin (or rubberized-cloth) bag. The pipes are held in wooden sockets (stocks) tied into the bag, which is inflated... balalaika Russian stringed musical instrument of the lute family. It was developed in the 18th century from the dombra, or domra, a round-bodied, long-necked, three-stringed lute played in Russia and Central Asia. The balalaika is made in six sizes, from piccolo... bandura a stringed instrument of the psaltery family considered the national musical instrument of Ukraine. It is used chiefly to accompany folk music. The bandura has an oval wooden body; a short, fretless neck attached to the soundboard in an off-centre position;... bandurria stringed musical instrument of the lute family, with a design derived from the cittern and guitar. The modern bandurria has a small, pear-shaped wooden body, a short neck, and a flat back, with five to seven (but usually si


Named by Captain Cook for a Lord Commissioner of the Royal Navy, what name is given to the inlet of the Tasman Sea that forms a large natural harbour and includes Sydney Harbour and its environs?

The Coming of the British to Australia 1788 to 1829 treasure found hidden with no evidence of ownership   Title: The Coming of the British to Australia 1788 to 1829 Author: Ida Lee (Mrs. Charles Bruce Marriott) * A Project Gutenberg Australia eBook * eBook No.: 0900091h.html Language: English Date first posted: January 2009 Date most recently updated: January 2009 Project Gutenberg Australia eBooks are created from printed editions which are in the public domain in Australia, unless a copyright notice is included. We do NOT keep any eBooks in compliance with a particular paper edition. Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this file. This eBook is made available at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg Australia License which may be viewed online at http://gutenberg.net.au/licence.html GO TO Project Gutenberg Australia HOME PAGE The Coming of the British to Australia 1788 to 1829 Ida Lee (Mrs. Charles Bruce Marriott) WITH FIFTY-FIVE ILLUSTRATIONS AND A PREFACE BY THE RIGHT HON. THE MARQUIS OF LINLITHGOW, P.C., K.T. First Governor-General of the Commonwealth LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. Monument to Captain Cook at Sydney PREFACE. Australia has reached an interesting stage in her history. She has completed the first five years of her life as a Commonwealth, a sufficiently long period for her to gain a consciousness of her duties and her destinies as a united nation. The volume of her annals up to the 1st of January, 1901, while she was still composed of separate Colonies, is finished. But it is not closed and done with. On the contrary, its early chapters have acquired a new meaning and value. Australians should look, backwards as well as forwards. They will find in the records of the discovery and settlement of their country guidance and inspiration for the future. They will understand more clearly how their land and people have been moulded and fashioned in their present shape by climate, soil and circumstances. They will also be reminded, should that be necessary, how old and close and intimate are the ties that bind them to the Mother Country. The narrative of the Old Colony Days, which the author has prepared, will be found fascinating in style, accurate in statement, and fair in judgment. The tale of the first discovery and settlement of Australia is one long romance of pioneering. We share the enthusiasm of the early voyagers, as they trace the outlines of the island continent. We read of the first impressions made on the mind of Dampier and of Cook by the peculiar flora or fauna of the country, and by the not less singular appearance and customs of the aborigines. Then we are introduced to the early Governors, all of them sailors or soldiers. To them Australia owes much, for they laid deep and wide the foundations of the future Commonwealth. Mrs. Marriott describes the foundation of the early fortunes of some of the older settlements, and the beginnings of Victoria and Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia and Tasmania. She has notes on the first churches; the first regiments; the bushrangers and the police of the good old times. She gives a vigorous sketch of the physical features, and of the animal and vegetable life of the country. To Australians, the volume should be of absorbing interest; to other citizens of the Empire, much pleasure and profit should come by a perusal of it; and, as an educational work for the rising generation, it should be most valuable, as it appears to be specially adapted for a reading-book in schools. Higginsfield, Cheshire, April 1906. (Signed) LINLITHGOW CONTENTS. PREFACE CHAPTER I. THE DAWN OF AUSTRALIAN COLONISATION. Australia—The country disappointing to its first explorers—Captain Arthur Phillip—The first fleet—Botany Bay—First meeting with the natives—Removal to Port Jackson—Founding of Sydney—Arrival of La Perouse—Phillip's voyage to Broken Bay—The planting of the first grain


Who is the English film director of The Bourne Supremacy, The Bourne Ultimatum, United 93 and Captain Phillips?

The Bourne Ultimatum (2007) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Jason Bourne dodges a ruthless CIA official and his agents from a new assassination program while searching for the origins of his life as a trained killer. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 23 titles created 07 Sep 2011 a list of 35 titles created 14 May 2012 a list of 40 titles created 05 Feb 2014 a list of 42 titles created 09 Mar 2014 a list of 41 titles created 22 Oct 2015 Title: The Bourne Ultimatum (2007) 8.1/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     3     Oscars. Another    25 wins & 38 nominations. See more awards  » Videos When Jason Bourne is framed for a CIA operation gone awry, he is forced to resume his former life as a trained assassin to survive. Director: Paul Greengrass A man is picked up by a fishing boat, bullet-riddled and suffering from amnesia, before racing to elude assassins and regain his memory. Director: Doug Liman An expansion of the universe from Robert Ludlum's novels, centered on a new hero whose stakes have been triggered by the events of the previous three films. Director: Tony Gilroy The CIA's most dangerous former operative is drawn out of hiding to uncover more explosive truths about his past. Director: Paul Greengrass During a preview tour, a theme park suffers a major power breakdown that allows its cloned dinosaur exhibits to run amok. Director: Steven Spielberg     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X   Armed with a licence to kill, Secret Agent James Bond sets out on his first mission as 007 and must defeat a weapons dealer in a high stakes game of poker at Casino Royale, but things are not what they seem. Director: Martin Campbell     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X   A seemingly indestructible humanoid cyborg is sent from 2029 to 1984 to assassinate a waitress, whose unborn son will lead humanity in a war against the machines, while a soldier from that war is sent to protect her at all costs. Director: James Cameron Directors: Frank Miller, Robert Rodriguez, and 1 more credit  » Stars: Mickey Rourke, Clive Owen, Bruce Willis After training with his mentor, Batman begins his fight to free crime-ridden Gotham City from the corruption that Scarecrow and the League of Shadows have cast upon it. Director: Christopher Nolan Blacksmith Will Turner teams up with eccentric pirate "Captain" Jack Sparrow to save his love, the governor's daughter, from Jack's former pirate allies, who are now undead. Director: Gore Verbinski Rocky Balboa, a small-time boxer, gets a supremely rare chance to fight heavy-weight champion Apollo Creed in a bout in which he strives to go the distance for his self-respect. Director: John G. Avildsen The true story of Frank Abagnale Jr. who, before his 19th birthday, successfully conned millions of dollars' worth of checks as a Pan Am pilot, doctor, and legal prosecutor. Director: Steven Spielberg Edit Storyline Bourne is once again brought out of hiding, this time inadvertently by London-based reporter Simon Ross who is trying to unveil Operation Blackbriar--an upgrade to Project Treadstone--in a series of newspaper columns. Bourne sets up a meeting with Ross and realizes instantly they're being scanned. Information from the reporter stirs a new set of memories, and Bourne must finally, ultimately, uncover his dark past whilst dodging The Company's best efforts in trying to eradicate him. Written by Corey Hatch This Summer Jason Bourne Comes Home See more  » Genres: Rated PG-13 for violence and intense sequences of action | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 3 August 2007 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Bourne: El ultimátum See more  » Filming Locations: $69,283,690        (USA) (3 August 2007) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia This is the only Bourne film to win an Academy Awa


Which country became the 28th member of the EU on 1st July 2013?

Croatia - European Commission Croatia What were you looking for? Any suggestions? Member State as of 1st of July 2013 Background Croatia applied for EU membership in 2003 and was in negotiations from 2005 until 2011. On 9 December 2011 leaders from the EU and Croatia signed the accession treaty. The country became the 28th EU member country on 1 July 2013. Throughout the interim period until accession, Croatia as an acceding country already had active observer status in the European Institutions, which allowed it to become familiar with the working methods of the EU institutions and to be involved in the decision-making process.


Which is Charles Dickens' third published novel, its characters include: Madame Mantalini, Newman Noggs and Vincent Crummles?

Nicholas Nickleby by Dickens: Book Summary & Characters - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com Nicholas Nickleby by Dickens: Book Summary & Characters Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today An error occurred trying to load this video. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. You must create an account to continue watching Register for a free trial Are you a student or a teacher? I am a student Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you             succeed. Coming up next: Pip in Great Expectations: Character Analysis & Overview You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds 0:02 The Novel Add to Add to Add to Want to watch this again later? Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to    track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. Teachers Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. Students Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. From any lesson page: Click "Add to" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. From your dashboard: Click on the "Custom Courses" tab, then click "Create course". Next, go to any lesson page and begin     adding lessons. Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. Personalize: Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. Organize: Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. Teacher Edition: Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the "Teacher" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to     assign.     Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your "Teacher" tab. Premium Edition: You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the     entire course. Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days! Instructor: Megan Pryor Megan has tutored extensively and has a Master of Fine Arts Degree in Fiction. In this lesson, we learn about Charles Dickens' novel 'Nicholas Nickleby.' After an overview of the characters, we examine the plot of the novel, briefly analyze some of its themes, and finish with a short quiz. Introducing to the Novel Nicholas Nickleby, the third novel by Charles Dickens, follows the life of Nicholas Nickleby. After his father dies, Nicholas is left to take care of his mother and sister. His uncle is a crook and actively tries to ruin Nicholas' life. Luckily, the novel ends happily, with all of the bad characters either in jail or dead, and both Nicholas and his sister are happily in love with good matches. Like many of Dickens' novels, it was first published in the serial format from 1838 to 1839. Cast of Characters A trademark of Charles Dickens' novels is an extensive cast of characters. It would be impossible to list every character here, but before we can outline the plot, it is important to get to know a few of the more crucial characters. There are essentially five groups of characters, some of whom overlap: the Nickleby family, Ralph Nickleby and his business partners, the Squeers and the other characters who live in Yorkshire and/or are involved with Dotheboys Hall, Nicholas' London associates, and, finally, the Crummles' theater troupe with which Nicholas becomes involved. The Nicklebys Nicholas Nickleby is loyal, honest, young, and, as a result of his youth, often hotheaded. His sister, Kate Nickleby, has many similar qualities to Nicholas, but is more demure. Their mother, Catherine Nickleby, often serves as comic relief. Ralph Nickleby and Company Ralph


What was the BBC TV comedy series that ran between 1962 and 1974 that included episodes called The Leadman Cometh, My Old Man's A Tory and A Cuckoo In The Nest?

DVDs O-Z Occupation (w/ James Nesbitt; COMPLETE 3 parts [w/ English subtitles]) [XviD 2293] Odd Man Out (COMPLETE Series 1; Episodes 1-7) [XviD 2247] Odd Socks (COMPLETE Series 1; Episodes 1-6; starring Linda Bellingham & Rosemary Leach) [XviD 2480] Off The Hook 1.01 [XviD 2272] Off The Hook 1.02 [XviD 2274] Off The Hook 1.03 [XviD 2276] Off The Hook 1.04 [XviD 2285] Off The Hook 1.05 [XviD 2286] Off The Hook 1.06 [XviD 2286] Off The Hook 1.07 [XviD 2289] Office, The COMPLETE Office, The 1.01 Downsizing 678 Office, The 1.02 Work Experience 678 Office, The 1.03 The Quiz 678 Office, The 1.04 Training 678 Office, The 1.05 New Girl 678 Office, The 1.06 Judgement 678 Office, The 2.01 "Merger Day" 178;686 Office, The 2.02 "Staff Appraisals" 178;686 Office, The 2.03 "Public Speaking" 178;686 Office, The 2.04 "Motivation" 178 Office, The 2.05 "Comic Relief Day" 178;686 Office, The 2.06 "Redundancy" 178;686 Office, The Christmas 2004 special - Part 1 (44 minutes) 195;339 Office, The Christmas 2004 special - Part 2 (52 minutes) 195;351 Office, The Deleted scenes; Outtakes; "Diary" 679;686 Ricky Gervais "POLITICS": Live at the Palace Theatre; London, June 2004 (1 hour 14 minutes) 310 Ricky Gervais Meets...Larry David (2005; 48 minutes) 800 The Office (This is not the Ricky Gervais show. It is a "one-off" ITV comedy written by Steven Moffat, starring Robert Lindsey; 1996; 24 min.) [XviD 1996] Office Gossip  Office Gossip 1.01 Too Close For Comfort 255 Office Gossip 1.02 Old Bangers 255 Office Gossip 1.03 Work Experience 1529 Office Gossip 1.04 Moving On 338 Office Gossip 1.05 The Violin Lesson 335 Office Gossip 1.06 Lucky In Love 338 Oh, Dr. Beeching! COMPLETE Oh, Dr. Beeching! Pilot (Original pilot with Sherri Hewson, before Julia Deakins joined the cast) [XviD 2188] Oh, Dr. Beeching! 1.01 All Change 1534 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 1.02 Talking Turkey 1534 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 1.03 The Train Now Standing 1534 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 1.04 A Moving Story 223;1532 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 1.05 The Late Mr. Buckly 1534 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 1.06 Horse Play 1534 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 1.07 Past Love 264;1532 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 1.08 Job Opportunity 263;378;1533 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 1.09 Sleeping Around 1534 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.01 No Milk For The Minister 263;265 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.02 Father's Day 1533 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.03 The Gravy Train 1533 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.04 The Van 183;266 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.05 Lucky Strike 185;266 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.06 Love Is A Very Splendid Thing 262;266 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.07 Action Stations 1533 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.08 A Bowl In Hand 263;265 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.09 A Pregnant Pause 261;265 Oh, Dr. Beeching! 2.10 Ton Up 1533 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt  Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 1.01 Three Fifths Of The World Loves A Lover 812 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 1.02 We Are The Masters Now 812 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 1.03 There Are Several Businesses Like Show Business 812 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 1.04 The Grand Outing 812 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 1.05 The Master Builder 812 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 1.06 Ladies Desire 812 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 2.01 Daze Of Hope 813 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 2.02 The Game Of The Name 813 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 2.03 Raffles 813;814 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 2.04 Selwyn Rides Again 813 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 2.05 Alphabetical Orders 814 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 2.06 The Protection Racket [XviD 2359] Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 2.07 Just Cause And Impediment 814 Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt (COMPLETE Series 3, Episodes 1-8) [XviD 2368] Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt 3.08 On The Feast Of Selwyn 814 Ardal O'Hanlon Live (1 hour 4 minutes) [XviD 1950] Old Flames Written by: Simon Gray; Starring: Simon Callow & Stephen Fry. 1 hour 26 minutes 1088 The Old Guys 1.01 [XviD 2121] The Old Guys 1.02 [XviD 2126] The Old Guys 1.03 [XviD 2132] The Old Guys 1.04 [XviD 2135] The Old Guys 1.05 [XviD 2136] The Old Guys 1.06 [XviD 2144] The Old Guys 2.01 [XviD 2395] The Old Guys 2.02 [XviD 2395] The Old Guys 2.03 [XviD 2398] The Old Guys 2.04 [XviD 2402] The Old Guys 2.05 [XviD 2404] The Old Guys 2.06 [XviD 2410] Old Jews


The German national anthem Der Deutschlandlied with words by Hoffman, has a tune by which composer?

The German, Austrian, and Swiss National Anthems The German, Austrian, and Swiss National Anthems With Song Lyrics in German and English Getty Images/Manuel Sulzer By Hyde Flippo Updated August 02, 2016. The melody of the German national anthem comes from the old Austrian imperial anthem “Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser” (“God Save Franz the Emperor”) by Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), which was first played on February 12, 1797. In 1841 Haydn's melody was combined with with lyrics by August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben  (1798-1874) to create “Das Lied der Deutschen” or “Das Deutschlandlied.” From the time of Bismarck's Prussia (1871) up to the end of the First World War this anthem was replaced by another. In 1922 the first president of the German Republic (the “Weimar Republic”), Friedrich Ebert, officially introduced “Das Lied der Deutschen” as the national anthem. During the 12 years of the Nazi era, the first stanza was the official anthem. In May 1952 the third stanza was proclaimed the official anthem of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) by President Theodor Heuss. (East Germany had its own anthem.) The second verse, while never verboten (forbidden), was not very popular because of its “wine, women, and song” references. *The fourth verse was written by Albert Matthäi during the French occupation of the Ruhr region in 1923. It is not part of the anthem today. Since 1952, only the third (“Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit”) verse has been the official anthem.   Listen to the  Melody: Lied der Deutschen  or to the the  Deutschlandlied  (orchestral version. Austrian National Anthem: Land der Berge The national anthem ( Bundeshymne ) of the Republik Österreich (Republic of Austria) was officially adopted on February 25, 1947, following a contest to find a replacement for the former imperial anthem by Haydn that had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and now also had Nazi associations. The composer of the melody is not certain, but its origin goes back to 1791, when it was created for the freemason lodge to which both Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Holzer (1753-1818) belonged. Current theory says that either Mozart or Holzer could have composed the melody. The lyrics were written by Paula von Preradovic (1887-1951), the winner of the 1947 competition. Preradovic was the mother of the Austrian Minister of Education, Felix Hurdes, who had encouraged her (a distinguished writer and poet) to enter the contest.  The Swiss National Anthem (Die Schweizer Nationalhymne) The Swiss national anthem has a unique history that reflects the nature of Switzerland itself. Switzerland (die Schweiz) may be an old country, but its current national anthem has only been official since 1981. Although the " Schweizer Landeshymne " or "Landeshymne" was tentatively approved by the Swiss Nationalrat in 1961 and was in general use after 1965, the anthem did not actually become official for another 20 years (April 1, 1981). The anthem itself, originally known as the "Schweizerpsalm," is much older. In 1841 the priest and composer Alberik Zwyssig of Urn was asked to compose music for a patriotic poem written by his friend, Zurich music publisher Leonhard Widmer. He used a hymn that he had already composed, and adapted it for Widmer's words. The result was the "Schweizerpsalm," which soon became popular in parts of Switzerland. But some Swiss cantons, such as French-speaking Neuchatel, had their own anthems. Efforts to select an official Swiss national anthem (to replace an old one that used the British "God Save the Queen/King" melody) ran up against the country's five languages and strong regional identities until 1981.


In which year did the following occur: formation of the Football Association, opening of the Metropolitan Railway in London and the wedding of Edward, Prince of Wales to Princess Alexandra of Denmark?

Full text of "King Edward the Seventh" See other formats ^1 pt    J  KING EDWARD   THE SEVENTH  (    a^p   Sf  THOMAS NELSON AND SONS  LONDON AND EDINBURGH  ^^^a ^^^  1H   King Edward  the  Seventh   THOMAS NELSON AND SONS  LONDON, EDINBURGH, DUBLIN AND NEW YORK   CONTENTS   I. BIRTH AND EARLY YEARS ... 5 II. THE KING'S BOYHOOD . . . .14  III. OXFORD, CAMBRIDGE, AND THE CUR-  RAGH . . . . . .25  IV. KING EDWARD'S VISIT TO CANADA AND  THE UNITED STATES . -34  V. DEATH OF THE PRINCE CONSORT TOUR  IN THE EAST . . . .45  VI. THE WEDDING OF KING EDWARD AND  QUEEN ALEXANDRA . . .52  VII. EARLY MARRIED LIFE . . . .66 VIII. THEIR MAJESTIES' TOUR IN EGYPT AND  THE MEDITERRANEAN . . .80 IX. THE KING'S ILLNESS . . . .98  X. 1873-1875 107  XI. THE KING'S TOUR IN INDIA . . no  XII. QUIET YEARS OF PUBLIC WORK, 1876- 1887 VISIT TO IRELAND QUEEN VICTORIA'S GOLDEN JUBILEE . 127   iv CONTENTS.  XIII. SILVER WEDDING OF KING EDWARD AND  QUEEN ALEXANDRA ENGAGEMENT AND MARRIAGE OF PRINCESS LOUISE 138  XIV. THE BACCARAT CASE BIRTH OF LADY  ALEXANDRADUFF KlNGEDWARD'S FIFTIETH BIRTHDAY ILLNESS OF PRINCE GEORGE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF CLARENCE . . . 144 XV. THEHOUSING OF THE WORKING-CLASSES MARRIAGE OF PRINCE GEORGE THE DIAMOND JUBILEE DEATH OF THE DUCHESS OF TECK . . 155 XVI. LATER YEARS A SERIOUS ACCIDENT TO KING EDWARD GRADUAL RE- COVERYTHE ATTEMPT ON KING EDWARD'S LIFE . . . .165 XVII. KING EDWARD AS A COUNTRY SQUIRE 176 XVIII. KING EDWARD IN LONDON . . 188 XIX. KING EDWARD AND STATE POLICY . 195 XX. KING EDWARD AND THE SERVICES . 202 XXI. KING EDWARD AND FREEMASONRY . 207 XXII. KING EDWARD AS A PHILANTHROPIST . 215 XXIII. KING EDWARD AS A SPORTSMAN . 222 XXIV. THE ACCESSION AND CORONATION . 235 XXV. KING EDWARD'S REIGN . . .241 XXVI. CONCLUSION OF THE REIGN . . 253 XXVII. KING EDWARD'S LAST ILLNESS AND  DEATH 264   KING EDWARD THE SEVENTH.   CHAPTER I.  BIRTH AND EARLY YEARS.  T/^ ING EDWARD VII. was born on November J- ^- 9, 1841, at Buckingham Palace. On the Sunday following that eventful November 9 on which His Most Gracious Majesty King Edward VII. first saw the light the Rev. Sydney Smith preached at St. Paul's, and made the following interesting addition to the Bidding Prayer :  We pray also for that infant of the Royal race whom in Thy good providence Thou hast given us for our future King. We beseech Thee so to mould his heart and fashion his spirit that he may be a blessing and not an evil to the land of his birth. May he grow in favour with man by leaving to its own force and direction the energy of a free people. May he grow in favour with God by holding the faith in Christ fervently and feelingly, without feebleness, without fanaticism, without folly. As he will be the first man in these realms, so may he be the best ; disdaining to hide bad actions by high station, and endeavouring always by the example of a strict and moral life to repay those gifts which a loyal people are so willing to spare from their own necessities to a good King.   6 BIRTH AND EARLY YEARS.  It must be remembered that this prayer was uttered in 1841, and some of the phrases which the great wit used reflect rather the Holland House view of the monarchy entertained at that time. Nevertheless, the prayer is noteworthy, because in spirit, if not in the letter, it was so completely answered.  The news was received with great enthusiasm throughout the country, and Punch celebrated the event in some verses, beginning :   Huzza ! we've a little Prince at last,  A roaring Royal boy ; And all day long the booming bells  Have rung their peals of joy.  And the little park guns have blazed away,  And made a tremendous noise, Whilst the air has been filled since eleven o'clock  With the shouts of little boys.   At the moment of his birth the eldest son of the Sovereign became Duke of Cornwall. The little Prince also became at his birth Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Great Steward of Scotland (by


Guinea-Bissau is a former colony of which country, represented in its official language?

Portuguese - Language Information & Resources Home » Resources » Languages » Portuguese Portuguese Our professional language experts include native Portuguese speakers experienced in the nuances of the language and the requirements of effective translation.  Want a quote right now? Click here . If you prefer to first learn more about the Portuguese language and its various dialects, keep reading. Portugal & Portuguese Language History The Portuguese language, which evolved from spoken Latin, developed on the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula (now Portugal and the Spanish province of Galicia), the province the Romans called Lusitania. When the Romans invaded the peninsula in 218 B.C., the people living in the region adopted Latin, the Roman’s language. From then until the 9th century, all spoke Romance, a language representing an intermediate stage between vulgar or common Latin and modern Latin languages. From 409 AD to 711, the Portuguese vocabulary adopted many new words used by invading Germanic tribes. The effects of the Germanic migrations on the spoken language was not uniform and broke the linguistic uniformity of the peninsula. Beginning in 711, when the Moors conquered the Iberian Peninsula, Arabic became the official language, although the vast majority of the population continued to speak Romance. When Christians started to re-conquer the peninsula in the 11th century, the Arabs were expelled to the South. Galician-Portuguese became the spoken and written language of Lusitania. The separation between the Galician and Portuguese languages, which began with Portugal’s independence in 1185, was consolidated after the Moors were expelled in 1249. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, when Portugal established an overseas empire, the Portuguese language was heard in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Portuguese entered its modern phase in the 16th century when early lexicologists defined Portuguese morphology and syntax. When Luis de Camões wrote Os Lusíadas, in 1572, the language was already close to its current structure of phrases and morphology. From then on, linguistic changes have been minor. French influence during the 18th century changed the Portuguese spoken in the homeland, making it different from the Portuguese spoken in the colonies. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Portuguese vocabulary absorbed new contributions reflecting technological advances. Portuguese Language in the World Between 170 and 210 million people speak Portuguese throughout the world today. Portuguese is the eighth most spoken language in the world (third among the Western European languages, after English and Spanish/Castilian) and is the official language of seven countries: Angola (10.3 million inhabitants), Brazil (151 million), Cabo Verde (346,000), Guinea-Bissau (1 million), Mozambique (15.3 million), Portugal (9.9 million), and São Tomé and Príncipe islands (126,000). In 1986, Portuguese became an official language in the European Union (EU). Portuguese Language in Europe Portuguese is spoken in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula.  The dialects spoken in the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira represent an extension of the mainland Portuguese dialects. Portuguese Language in Brazil When Portugal first colonized Brazil, a process that began in 1500, Tupi, one of the languages of the Tupi-Guarani family spoken by indians who lived on the Brazilian seacoast, was used along with Portuguese as the general language of the colony. This was primarily because the Jesuit priests studied and taught the Tupi language. In 1757, Tupi was banned by royal decree. When the Jesuits were expelled in 1759, Portuguese became the language of the country. The Portuguese language in Brazil received a new source of contributions with the influx of African slaves. During the 18th century, other differences between the American and European Portuguese developed. At that time Brazilian Portuguese failed to adopt linguistic changes taking place in Portugal produced by French influence. T


Which business based in Needham, Massachussets claims to be the world's largest and most popular travel community with over 100 million user-generated reviews of hotels, restaurants and attractions?

The Market for Responsible Tourism Products by Sustainable Developers - issuu issuu SNV Connecting People's Capacities Netherlands Development Organisation ISBN 978-90-77821-29-9 ÂŠ 2009 SNV Netherlands Development Organisation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of SNV Netherlands Development Organisation. SNV Connecting People's Capacities Netherlands Development Organisation Basic Facts About SNV Our Mission SNV is dedicated to a society where all people enjoy the freedom to pursue their own sustainable development. We contribute to this by strengthening the capacity of others. We help alleviate poverty by focusing on increasing people's income and employment opportunities in specific productive sectors, as well as improving their access to water and sanitation, education and renewable energy. What do we do? SNV supports national and local actors within government, civil society and the private sector to find and implement local solutions to social and economic development challenges. We stimulate and set the framework for the poor to strengthen their capacities and escape poverty. We do this by facilitating knowledge development, brokering, networking and advocacy at national and international level. Partnerships with other development agencies and the private sector are key to our approach. Our advisors work in over 30 countries across five geographical regions-Asia, the Balkans, East and Southern Africa, Latin America and West and Central Africa-by providing advisory services to local organisations in seven sectors: Pro-Poor Sustainable Tourism l Renewable Energy l Water, Sanitation & Hygiene l Education l Health l Small Holder Cash Crops l Forest Products l SNV & Pro-Poor Sustainable Tourism Tourism is one of the world's largest industries. According to the World Tourism Organisation, the tourism industry is estimated to comprise US$ 5,890 billion, or 9.9% of the total world GDP and employing more than 22 million people in 2008. Tourism is particularly significant for developing economies, which receive an estimated 30% of global tourism expenditure. In recent years tourism has been increasingly recognised for its potential to contribute to the reduction of poverty. Its geographical expansion and labour intensive nature support a diversification of employment, and can be particularly relevant in remote and rural areas, where 75% of the two billion people in extreme poverty live. Tourism is particularly significant for developing economies, which receive an estimated 30% of global tourism expenditure . Tourism is a major export sector of many developing countries, and is the primary source of foreign exchange earnings in 46 of the 50 Least Developed Countries. Accordingly, SNV's Pro-Poor Sustainable Tourism (PPST) strategy supports actors from district, national and international levels to effectively harness tourism as a driver for job creation and local economic development to benefit the most disadvantaged communities. SNV focuses on all aspects of sustainability: economic, environmental, cultural, and institutional (good governance). SNV is currently promoting pro-poor sustainable tourism in 23 countries in Asia, the Balkans, East and Southern Africa, West and Central Africa, and Latin America. Broadly speaking, SNV has designed its programmes across the globe to work on effective Destination Development and Management and promote Responsible Business in Tourism. The Destination Development and Management approach is a holistic framework for improving the long-term viability or competitiveness of a destination. In order to establish a successful, sustainable, more inclusive destination means, SNV pays close attention to ensuring: The volume of tourism is increased (attract more tourists, lengthen duration of their stay, repeat business, increase what they spend locally, reduce seasonality, improve return on investment and yield per visitor) l Benefits of tour


According to the New Testament, shortly after the resurrection Jesus appeared to two disciples and took supper with them at which town north of Jerusalem?

Identifying the Biblical Town of Emmaus   Jesus and Salvation The story of the encounter between the resurrected Jesus Christ and two of His disciples on the road to Emmaus is one of the most dramatic post-Resurrection stories in the Gospels.  On the Sunday after the crucifixion two disciples of Jesus leave Jerusalem to travel back to their hometown of Emmaus discussing the events of Christ's crucifixion and resurrection on their journey ( Luke 24:13-17 ).  As the men talked about the events of the past week Jesus came and walked beside them, but like Mary Magdalene they were prevented from recognizing Him ( John 20:14 ). Jesus inquired about the events they were discussing.  The disciples told the “stranger” that they had hoped Jesus of Nazareth would be the promised Messiah, but they could not understand all the tragic events that had transpired.  Jesus rebuked them, calling them foolish men and then patiently explained that it was necessary that the Messiah should suffer before entering into his glory.  Starting with the books of Moses, and going all through books of the prophets, Jesus explained to them the passages in Sacred Scripture that were about Him ( Luke 24:18-27 ).  When they reach their destination, the disciples were so enthralled with this stranger's teaching that they invited him to stay with them.  As Jesus sat with the disciples at the dinner table, He took the bread, said the blessing and then broke the bread and handed the pieces to His disciples. In the breaking of the bread, their eyes were opened and they recognized the risen Savior.  Jesus then disappeared from their sight. Jesus encounter with His Emmaus disciples was the first Lord's Day liturgical service.  The liturgy began with the breaking open of the Word and ended with the revelation of the glorified Christ in the breaking of the Eucharistic bread.  Filled with joy over what they had witnessed, the two disciples immediately returned to Jerusalem to tell the Apostles they had seen the resurrected Jesus Christ.  In St. Luke's account, only one of the disciples is named and that is Cleopas ( Luke 24:13 ), but according to Christian tradition the other disciple is believed to have been Cleopas' son, Simeon, who became the second Christian bishop of Jerusalem after the death of James, kinsman of Jesus, the first bishop of Jerusalem (Church History, Eusebius, 3.11.1-2).  This encounter with Christ is mentioned in Mark 16:12 , but only St. Luke records this story with many details ( Luke 24:13-35 ), and the Gospel of Luke is the only New Testament book which mentions the town of Emmaus.  The encounter between the resurrected Jesus and two of His disciples on the road to Emmaus is one of twelve post-Resurrection appearances of Jesus recorded in the New Testament; eight of these encounters are recorded in the Gospels: Appearance to St. Mary Magdalene at the tomb on  Resurrection Sunday ( Mark 16:9-11 ; John 20:11-18 ). Appearance to the women disciples at the tomb on  Resurrection Sunday ( Matthew 28:9-10 ; Luke 24:10-11 ). Appearance to two disciples, St. Cleopas and his son, from  the village of Emmaus on Resurrection Sunday ( Mark 16:12 ; Luke 24:13-35 ). Appearance to the ten Apostles (St. Thomas is absent) in  the Upper Room on Resurrection Sunday ( Mark 16:14-18 ; Luke 24:36-49 ; John  20:19-23 ; Luke 24:36-53 ). Appearance to the Apostles including St. Thomas in the  Upper Room a week after the resurrection ( John 20:24-29 ).( 1 ) Appearance to seven Apostles on the shore of the Sea of  Galilee, circa two weeks after the resurrection; according to John 21:14 this is the 3rd time Jesus appeared to His disciples as a group  ( John 21:1-23 ). Appearance to eleven Apostles at a mountain in Galilee,  circa two weeks after the resurrection ( Matthew 28:16-20 ). The record of a private meeting with St. Peter (called  Simon in Luke 24:34 ).  St Paul refers to this same meeting but calls St.  Peter by his title “Rock” ( Matthew 16:18 ) in Aramaic, which is “Cephas” ( 1 Corinthians 15:5 ). Appearance to the