Langlauf (literally 'long-term' in German) refers to an endurance form of which sport?

Project MUSE - The Archive The Archive Peter Fritzsche (bio) "No one," wrote Pascal, "dies so poor that he does not leave something behind." Setting the scene at the moment of a single individual's death and drawing attention to personal possessions, Pascal conjures up the material traces of a single lifetime. A lived life creates physical effects: a sheaf of letters, a lucky coin, or a small fortune, things that construct correspondences between experience and materiality. Putting the stress on the larger world reflected in small objects, Pascal ennobles even the most modest lives and places all individuals in the same passage from life to death. Nearly three hundred later, Walter Benjamin reflected on Pascal's assertion. To Pascal's things he added "memories too." He then went on to subtract from what he had just augmented: "although these do not always find an heir." 1 What Benjamin accents is not the material endurance of things but the variable operations of memory. There is no longer the unproblematic correspondence between a life lived and a life remembered, but the difficult endeavor of remembering and the more general prospect of forgetting. And for Benjamin it is not so much what the dead leave behind as it is what the living end up retrieving. He thereby poses the question of attentiveness, the historically situated presence or absence of the habit of cultivating memories. Moreover, these habits of cultivation operate across time: heirs are daughters and grandsons. At the remove of a generation or two, they are the ones who undertake the work of memory. Finally, in place of the sonorous universal by which Pascal affirmed the material existence of all men and women, Benjamin implies particular heirs who need to feel a connection to the past in order for memories to remain alive. In contrast to Pascal's materialism, Benjamin proposes a [End Page 15] cultural interpretation of remembering in which traces are not simply left behind and recollection is not assumed, in which mental habits across time rather than physical things in the present bring the past into view, and in which specific heirs undertake the work of memorialization. Although Pascal refers to things and thereby builds an implicit archive of past lives, it is Benjamin who imagines the space in which the historical archive was constructed in order to ward off oblivion, to make the particular case for a historical subject, to identify the responsibility of the heirs to cultivate specific stories in the past. The three hundred years that separate Benjamin from Pascal dramatize the historicity of the uses of history. They suggest the specific historical circumstances under which the past does and does not find heirs, is and is not energetically recollected. Benjamin writes in reference to a "crisis of memory," 2 a historical moment in the modern age when there is both a surfeit of unusable pasts and a deficit of usable history, when individuals die in the face of general indifference while self-appointed heirs energetically look for particular memories. It is in the distinction between Pascal and Benjamin that a history of the archive can be conceived. Archives are not comprehensive collections of things, the effects left behind by the dead, nor are they arbitrary accumulations of remnants and leftovers. The archive is the production of the heirs, who must work to find connections from one generation to the next and thereby acknowledge the ongoing disintegration of the past. The heirs also distinguish themselves as such: a cultural group that knows itself by cultivating a particular historical trajectory. In the West, the nation has been the dominant form of this particularity, reinforcing a common past within its borders and emphasizing the difference of cultural origins across its borders. It is a specific, historically contingent configuration of time and space that produced what Jacques Derrida referred to in another context as "archive fever." 3 If most conceptions of the archive emphasize how the archive has shaped history, I want to examine how Ge


Pavilion, girdle, table, and culet are aspects of a what?

Gem Pavilion, Girdle and Crown Guide Zircon Colored Stones - A Gem's Pavilion, Girdle and Crown Gone are the days of standard traditional gemstone cutting. Today's gemstones can be found in every shape, size and cut imaginable. Many gemstone types even have specialized cuts specifically designed to maximized their most desirable traits such as color, fire, brilliance and other optical effects. Evaluating the cutting of a stone requires the understanding of the anatomy of a gemstone. Below is an introduction to some important terminology used to describe the anatomy and cut of a gemstone. The Pavilion The pavilion is the lower portion of a gemstone that begins just below the 'girdle' (defined below). Pavilions can be cut and faceted in many different styles. Unlike diamond, most colored stones are cut with mixed styles, such as a step-cut pavilion combined with a scissor-cut crown or a coated pavilion with a concave-cut dome. The most popular mixed-cut style for colored stones today, typically combines a brilliant-cut crown with a step-cut pavilion. This style of cut brings out the color of the stone and also maximizes its brilliance and fire. The pavilion of a stone is usually cut with a culet facet. The culet facet is located at the lowest tip of a gem's pavilion. However, not all gemstones are cut with a culet. Many colored stones are cut to form more of an edge rather than a single point - often referred to as the the 'keel line'. When it comes to evaluation and grading, a keel line and a culet are considered to be one and the same. A culet is intended to help reduce the possibility of cleavage, particularly with gem types that exhibit perfect cleavage. Gems cut without a culet facet can be quite fragile even if they possess a moderate level of hardness. Other colored stones lacking distinct cleavage may still be cut with a culet simply to protect the tip, particularly if they exhibit brittle tenacity. The culet on a gem's pavilion is often described using terms such as "none", "small", "medium" or "large". Below is a gallery of images showing a small selection of the many different pavilion styles seen today: Modified Scissor-Cut Pavilion


What is the traditional trade surname for a person who made or sold (typically knitted) legwear and socks?

Research: Fashion Glossary - An A-to-Z Compilation of Fashion Industry Definitions | WeConnectFashion Accessories A collective term for articles usually worn to complete or enhance an outfit of apparel. A thing of secondary or subordinate importance, items that enhance the aesthetic appeal or function of a garment. Accessories include all articles ranging from Bags, Gloves, Belts, Neckwear, Jewelry, Legwear, Scarves, Ties, and Headwear. Also known as: accessory, fashion, Accessoires, Zusatzgeräte, Accessori, Accesorios, Acessórios Accessories industry All articles ranging from hosiery to shoes, bags, gloves, belts, scarves, jewery, and hats. Usually worn to complete or enhance an outfit of apparel. 2. a thing of secondary or subordinate importance, items that enhance the aesthetic appeal or function of a garment. Also known as: accessory market, Industrie D’Accessoires, Zusatzgerät-Industrie, Industria Degli Accessori, Industria De los Accesorios, Indústria Dos Acessórios Acetate A synthetic fabric made from cellulose. 2: It is soft and has a crisp feel. It has the lustrous appearance of silk and excellent drapability.  3: It is not a strong fibre, as it’s resistance to abrasion is poor. It does resist shrinkage, moths, and mildew and does not absorb moisture readily. 4: Acetate is a dry clean only fiber. 5: Commonly used for Blouses, Lingerie, Uniforms, Bathing Suits and Interlinings. Also known as: Acetate, Azetate, Acetati, El Acetato, o acetato Acrylic A synthetic fabric made from acrylonitrile 2: It is a durable fibre with a soft, woolly feel. It has an uneven surface, making it different from most manufactured fibres. It comes in a variety of colors, and can be dyed easily. It is resistant to sun and chemicals.  3: Often used as a replacement for wool. trademark acrylic fibers: * Biofresh® anti-microbial fiber by Sterling Fibers * Cresloft® by Sterling Fibers * Duraspun® by Solutia * MicroSupreme® (warm) by Sterling fibers * MicroSupreme® (cold) by Sterling fibers * Piltrol®, low pill fiber by Solutia * Weatherbloc® by Solutia Also known as: Acryliques, Akrylisch, Acrilici, Acrílico, acrílico Activewear Also known as: active wear, athletic wear, athleticwear Adjustable hemline A hemline that has the ability to change the length by adjustable tabs. Adjustable sleeve A sleeve in which the length can be adjusted by a flap. After five dresses Also known as: after five, after five attire, after five wear, after five dress, after five fashion, after five fashions Agents representatives Also known as: Agents Représentants A-line A silhouette shape that resembles the shape of an A, fits tight at the waist and flows loosely at the bottom. Alternative clothing Also known as: Vetements de Fantaisie, Alternative Bekleidung, Abbigliamento Alternativo, La Ropa Alternativa, A Roupa Alternativa Aniline Leather A type of leather dyed exclusively with soluble dyes without covering the surface with a topcoat paint or pigments. The resulting product retains the hide’s natural surface with the grain. Referred to as Pure Aniline, aniline and naked leathers. Apparel A collective term for coverings designed to be worn on by men, women, and children. Includes all articles ranging from Athleticwear, Bodywear, Bridal, Dresses, Eveningwear, Innerwear, Knitwear & Sweaters, Leather & Suede, Loungewear, Pants & Trousers, Shirts & Blouses, Sportswear, Streetwear, Suits, Swimwear & Beachwear, T Shirts. Also known as: garment, clothing, clothes, apparel industry, aparel, Habillement, Kleid, Abito, Ropa, Appare Apparel designer Also known as: designer d’habillement Apparel industry Also known as: garment industry, clothing, fashion, apparel market, Industrie D’Habillement, Kleid-Industrie, Industria Dell’Abito, Industria De la Ropa, Indústria Do Appare Apparel marts An established, stationary trading center or marketplace (Usually a large building) housing regional wholesale showrooms selling apparel and or accessories. Also known as: merchandise marts, apparel mart, merchandise mart, centres commerciaux, Kleidhandelszentren, marts dell


Quark, clabber, twaróg, and viili are international variations of a food made from?

Dom's All About Kefir in-site To obtain Milk Kefir-Grains, Water Kefir-Grains, Viili starter, Caspian Sea Yogurt [Matsoni] starter, Kombucha starter, Kefikraut [Dom's cultures Vegetables], Dom's ToothSaving Paste or my Music CD, please click this text to be taken further down this page for how to order details. NOTE There are links to graphic material among this page designed to further explain that particular topic. This material linked in bold blue font opens in a small new window. Oh before I forget-me-not. "don't mind the bad spelling and grammar... I didn't!" [Spike Milligan, Dreams of a Scorpion 1972] SO, DOM... WHAT IS KEFIR? I ask myself in your place Kefir is pronounced keh f é-er [as in keh in kettle, and fear]. Click here to hear our daughter Shedea pronouncing Kefir at 20 months of age. Alternate spelling and names; kephir or kefyr, kewra, talai, mudu kekiya [Reference: Wikipedia, the free on line encyclopaedia ] among other possible names in different countries. The word kefir is said to be derived from the Turkish word keif, which loosely translates to good feeling or feel good. This is quite likely because drinking kefir is renowned to increase a sense of well-being.[ 1 ] Kefir is a refreshing cultured-milk beverage which originated in the northern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains, believed to date back at least 1,000 years. The tribes-folk of this particular region who possibly developed kefir by shear accident consumed the nutritious beverage in large quantities. These people were renowned for longevity, living long, healthy lives with little to no known disease. An active life span of over one hundred years was common for folks living in the region where kefir was cultured and liberally consumed as part of a staple diet. Kefir has a uniform, slightly creamy consistency, a sour refreshing flavour, with a slight subtle aroma of fresh yeast [or a very subtle beer-like aroma]. Kefir also has a slightest hint of a natural effervescent zesty tang. There is an assortment of some 40 aromatic compounds contributing to the unique flavour and distinctive pleasant aroma of kefir. Rounding this off, kefir contains between 0.08% to 2% alcohol. However, about .08 to .1% alcohol is a realistic figure for 1-day cultured kefir. Whereas kefir stored for a number of days after separating the natural mother-culture, kefir grains [see following], contains up to 2 and possibly 3% alcohol, depending on milk-type and ripening conditions. [Yep-- wow!]. Traditional, authentic kefir can only be prepared by culturing fresh milk with Kefir grains . Note that Kefir grains should not be mistaken for cereal grains. The natural mother-culture is referred to as grains solely due to its granular structure and appearance. This is to say that the grain part of the name can be considered a misnomer. Kefir grains, or kefir granules if you wish, are in fact a natural-starter. The biological structure or each grain [which I feel can be referred to as a bio-matrix] is created through symbiosis a dynamic association between a vast mixture of friendly Lactic acid bacteria [LAB], vinegar-producing bacteria and yeast strains. A batch of kefir grains consist of many individual white to bone-coloured mostly enclosed bodies made up of a soft, gelatinous biological mass somewhat resembling cooked cauliflower rosettes. The complexity of the kefir grain is a mixture of protein, amino acids, lipids [fats] and soluble-polysaccharides. Kefiran a unique polysaccharide with many health-promoting virtues, is the major polysaccharide of kefir grains and is also found in kefir. The bacteria and yeasts not only create the bio-matrix structure, or the grain, the organisms are also harboured by the very structure that they create; abiding on the surface, and encapsulated within the grain itself <[The abode of the friendly microbe]> Traditional kefir [real, authentic kefir] is easily prepared at home, just as it has been performed for many centuries by the ancients of the Caucasus Mountains. Fresh, non-pasteurised or pasteurised full-cream, low fat or non-fat milk is


What term for a structure in maths, science and human organization is from Latin 'breeding woman'?

Matrix - definition of matrix by The Free Dictionary Matrix - definition of matrix by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/matrix  (mā′trĭks) n. pl. ma·tri·ces (mā′trĭ-sēz′, măt′rĭ-) or ma·trix·es 1. A situation or surrounding substance within which something else originates, develops, or is contained: "Freedom of expression is the matrix, the indispensable condition, of nearly every form of freedom" (Benjamin N. Cardozo). 2. The womb. 3. Anatomy a. The formative cells or tissue of a specialized structure such as a hair, nail, claw, or tooth. a. The solid matter in which a fossil or crystal is embedded. b. Groundmass. 5. A mold or die. 6. The principal metal in an alloy, as the iron in steel. 7. A binding substance, as cement in concrete. 8. a. Mathematics A rectangular array of numeric or algebraic quantities subject to mathematical operations. b. Something resembling such an array, as in the regular formation of elements into columns and rows. 9. Computers The network of intersections between input and output leads in a computer, functioning as an encoder or a decoder. 10. Printing a. A mold used in stereotyping and designed to receive positive impressions of type or illustrations from which metal plates can be cast. Also called mat2. b. A metal plate used for casting typefaces. 11. An electroplated impression of a phonograph record used to make duplicate records. [Middle English matrice, from Old French, from Late Latin mātrīx, mātrīc-, from Latin, breeding-animal, from māter, mātr-, mother; see māter- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] matrix (ˈmeɪtrɪks; ˈmæ-) n, pl matrices (ˈmeɪtrɪˌsiːz; ˈmæ-) or matrixes 1. a substance, situation, or environment in which something has its origin, takes form, or is enclosed 2. (Anatomy) anatomy the thick tissue at the base of a nail from which a fingernail or toenail develops 3. (Biology) the intercellular substance of bone, cartilage, connective tissue, etc 4. (Geological Science) a. the rock material in which fossils, pebbles, etc, are embedded b. the material in which a mineral is embedded; gangue 5. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) printing a. a metal mould for casting type b. a papier-mâché or plastic mould impressed from the forme and used for stereotyping. Sometimes shortened to: mat 6. (Electronics) (formerly) a mould used in the production of gramophone records. It is obtained by electrodeposition onto the master 7. (Mechanical Engineering) a bed of perforated material placed beneath a workpiece in a press or stamping machine against which the punch operates 8. (Metallurgy) metallurgy a. the shaped cathode used in electroforming b. the metal constituting the major part of an alloy c. the soft metal in a plain bearing in which the hard particles of surface metal are embedded 9. (Chemistry) the main component of a composite material, such as the plastic in a fibre-reinforced plastic 10. (Mathematics) maths a rectangular array of elements set out in rows and columns, used to facilitate the solution of problems, such as the transformation of coordinates. Usually indicated by parentheses: ( ). Compare determinant 3 11. (Linguistics) linguistics the main clause of a complex sentence 12. (Computer Science) computing a rectangular array of circuit elements usually used to generate one set of signals from another 13. (Anatomy) obsolete the womb [C16: from Latin: womb, female animal used for breeding, from māter mother] ma•trix n., pl. ma•tri•ces (ˈmeɪ trɪˌsiz, ˈmæ-) ma•trix•es. 1. something that constitutes the place or point from which something else originates. 2. a formative tissue, as the epithelium from which nails grow. 3. 6. a crystalline phase in an alloy in which other phases are embedded. 7. a mold for casting typefaces. 8. (in a press or stamping machine) a multiple die or perforated block on which the material to be formed is placed. 9. a rectangular array of numbers, algebraic symbols, or mathematical functions, esp. when such arrays are added and multiplied according to certain rules. 10. a similar rectangular array consisting of rows and co


The beef cut called brisket comes from where on the animal?

What part of the cow does brisket come from? | Reference.com What part of the cow does brisket come from? A: Quick Answer Brisket is cut from the underside of the cow near the chest area. This part of the cow is tough because of the high collagen and fat content. Full Answer Brisket comes in two cuts: the flat and the point. These can be purchased undivided or separate. It also comes in trimmed or untrimmed. Untrimmed has a layer of fat on top and a strip of fat running through the middle. Untrimmed, undivided brisket is referred to as a "packer's cut." Despite coming from one of the toughest parts of the cow, it is the collagen content that gives smoked brisket its flavor. Collagen cooks down into gelatin slowly at low temperatures. To keep the brisket moist during cooking, choose a piece with good marbling.


The verb word stymie, meaning to obstruct something, originally referred to a now obsolete rule in which sport?

Self-contradicting words in English Self-contradicting words in English Advertisements: Use the search bar to look for terms in all glossaries, dictionaries, articles and other resources simultaneously A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z This is a list of self-contradicting English               words -- that is, words which in and of themselves               have two or more generally accepted meanings in the               English language that directly or generally contradict               each other. Such words are also known as auto-antonyms,               antagonyms, contronyms, and words having contradefinitions.               Many such contradefinitions arise from slang usage.               Others develop as a result of their frequent use in               sarcasm. A similar concept, where a commonly used phrase contains               two words which have or can be construed to have definitions               in opposition to each other is known as an oxymoron.               See list of oxymora for a list of examples. There are two forms of contranyms: homographic, where               two words with the same spelling can have opposing               definitions; and homophonic, where two words with               the same pronunciation can have opposing definitions.               In general, the terms below are both homographic and               homophonic contranyms. Richard Lederer included a list of self-contradicting               words in a chapter on Janus-faced words in his book Crazy English. T-Rex in the November 2nd, 2007 edition of Dinosaur               Comics describes this class of words as homographic               homophonic autantonyms. A [ top ] Adumbrate  "To outline or sketch, to disclose partially", but also "to hide or  obscure." Awesome  The strict definition of this adjective is "fearsome, mighty"; but the now  generally accepted slang usage roughly equates to "enjoyable, fun." Awful As with awesome above, this can mean "inspiring" or, more commonly, "revolting." Against  Depending on context, this word can mean "towards" or "close to" ("against  the wall"); otherwise it means "opposing" ("against the wind"). B [ top ] Bad  American urban  slang, chiefly in the 1970s and 1980s, reassigned bad to mean "good".  This is believed to have been introduced by Afro-Americans based on a similar  feature in a west African language. Before  Earlier or sooner than; or in the future of; awaiting as in "the golden age  is before us". This arises from "before" representing "in front of," while time  can be conceived of from the perspective of a person in the timeline ("the  future is before us") or from an observer standing outside time ("the past is  before the present"). Blunt  In common use, when this adjective is applied to an object, it means "dull,  not sharp"; but when applied to a statement, it generally means "straight  to the point, direct". Bolt  As a transitive  verb, it means "to secure something in place (with a bolt)". But as an intransitive verb,  it means "to leave or run away from (quickly)". The expression "you're bolting  the stable door after the horse has bolted" means that one is acting to prevent  something that has already happened. Boned  To contain bones, to remove bones, or be in the state of having had bones  removed. Borrow  American slang. Usually means to be on the receiving end of a loan, as in, "Bob, may I borrow your rake?" It is often also used as slang to describe the  act of lending, as in, "Bob, will you borrow me your rake?" Bound  In the construction bound for, it means "moving towards someplace";  as an adjective by itself, it means "tied up, secure", in other words "unable to  move". Buckle  As a verb c


In 1908 psychologist Alfred Adler cited which leader in proposing an inferiority complex in short people, which became known as the ('What leader?) Syndrome'?

Sigmund Freud | Psychology Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Clinical: Approaches · Group therapy · Techniques · Types of problem · Areas of specialism · Taxonomies · Therapeutic issues · Modes of delivery · Model translation project · Personal experiences · Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939 ) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology. The theories distinctive of this school generally include the following hypotheses: Human development is best understood in terms of changing objects of sexual desire. The psychic apparatus habitually represses wishes, usually of a sexual or aggressive nature, whereby they become preserved in one or more unconscious systems of ideas. Unconscious conflicts over repressed wishes have a tendency to manifest themselves in dreams, parapraxes (" Freudian slips "), and symptoms. Unconscious conflicts are the source of neuroses . Neuroses can be treated through bringing the unconscious wishes and repressed memories to consciousness in psychoanalytic treatment. He is commonly referred to as "the father of psychoanalysis" and his work pioneered many of the themes that are currently taken for granted as fundamental components of contemporary psychological research. Contents Sigmund Freud, 1907 Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born into an Ashkenazi Jewish family in Freiberg (Příbor), Moravia, in the Austrian Empire (now belonging to the Czech Republic). In 1877 , at the age of 21, he abbreviated his given name to "Sigmund." Although he was the first-born of three brothers and five sisters among his mother's children, Sigmund had older half-brothers from his father's previous marriage. His family had limited finances and lived in a crowded apartment, but his parents made every effort to foster his intellect (often favoring Sigmund over his siblings), which was apparent from an early age. Sigmund was ranked first in his class in six of eight years of schooling. He went on to attend the University of Vienna at 17, in 1873 – 1881 . Overall, little is known of Freud's early life, as he destroyed his personal papers at least twice, once in 1885 and again in 1907 . Additionally, his later papers were closely guarded in the Sigmund Freud Archives and were only made available to his official biographer Ernest Jones and a few other members of the inner circle of psychoanalysis . In 1886 , Freud returned to Vienna and, after opening a private practice specializing in nervous and brain disorders, he married. He experimented with hypnotism with his most hysteric and neurotic patients, but he eventually gave up the practice. He found that he could get his patients to talk by putting them on a couch and encouraging them to say whatever came into their minds (a practice termed free association ). In his 40s, Freud "had numerous psychosomatic disorders as well as exaggerated fears of dying and other phobias " (Corey 2001, p. 67). During this time Freud was involved in the task of exploring his own dreams, memories, and the dynamics of his personality development. During this self-analysis, he came to realize the hostility he felt towards his father ( Jacob Freud ), and "he also recalled his childhood sexual feelings for his mother ( Amalia Freud ), who was attractive, warm, and protective" (Corey 2001, p. 67). Corey (2001) considers this time of emotional difficulty to be the most creative time in Freud's life. After publishing successful books on the unconscious mind in 1900 and 1901 , Freud was appointed to a professorship at the University of Vienna from where he began to develop a loyal following. Freud had little tolerance for colleagues who diverged from his psychoanalytic doctrines. He attempted to expel those who disagreed with the movement or even refused to accept certain central aspects of his theory (Corey, 2001): the most notable examples are Carl Jung and Wilhelm Reich . Freud wrote a stinging attack on both Jung and Alfred Adler in a piece called "On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement". In 1930, Freud was awarded the Goethe


What is the South African style of dried meat named originally in Dutch meaning 'rump strip'?

Africa Products - The Traditional South African Vice - Biltong, Droewors, Boerewors - Home Biltong The word biltong is from the Dutch bil ("rump") and tong ("strip" or "tongue"). The Dutch settlers who arrived in South Africa in the 17th century brought recipes for dried meat from the Old World. To this day this tradition is honored and all our Biltong is made from authentic recipes and imported spices from South Africa. Buy Now TRADITIONAL Droewors Droëwors (Afrikaans lit."dry sausage") is a popular South African snack food. It is usually made from dunwors (Afr. "thin sausage") rather than dikwors ("thick sausage"), as the thinner sausage dries more quickly and is thus less likely to spoil.  The recipe used for these dried sausages is similar to that for boerewors, though pork and veal are replaced by beef. The spices used in this product, like that of biltong, are traditional and imported from South Africa. Welcome to Africa Products. We produce and sell traditional South African products using the finest local Australian beef and imported spices. Buy Now TRADITIONAL Boerewors Boerewors(singular),popular in South African cuisine. The name comes from the Afrikaans words boer ("farmer") and wors ("sausage"). Most non-Afrikaans-speaking persons find it difficult to pronounce but a reasonable approximation is Boerie. All our products are made with MSA certified, Australian Beef prepared in the traditional way and delivered directly to you. Buy Now IMPORTED Spices Africa spice, a leader in the industry with many years of experience in blending spices, is now available in Australia. All spices are perfectly blended with all the necessary ingredients to give you the original flavors that every South African grew up with. Buy Now HOZZA Hozza is a traditional Zulu word meaning 'come here' or 'come closer'. HOZZA is a fund initiated by South Africans to assist fellow migrating South Africans fleeing the political collapse of their homeland. Here you will find products,services, events, and news regularly updated facilitating a helping hand and general networking. Enquire


Cadence in music and language technically and originally referred to rhythmic or tonal effect associated with a?

MUSIC APPRECIATION - GLOSSARY for MUSIC APPRECIATION Absolute        music  Instrumental music with no explicit pictorial or        literal associations. As opposed to program music. a        cappella   Music for voices alone, without instrumental        accompaniment. accelerando  Getting faster. accent  A conspicuous, sudden emphasis given to a particular sound,        usually by an increase in volume. accidental  A notational sign in a score indicating that a specific        note is to be played as a flat, sharp, or natural. The most common        accidentals (flats and sharps) correspond to the five black notes        in each octave of the keyboard. accompaniment  The subordinate material or voices that support a melody. acoustics  (1) the science of sound; (2) the art of optimizing sound        in an enclosed space. adagio  Quite slow tempo. allegro;        allegretto  Fast tempo; slightly fast tempo alto  (1) The lowest adult female voice; (2) the second-highest        voice in a four-part texture. andante;        andantino  Moderately slow (walking) tempo; a little faster        than andante. antiphon  Originally, a plainchant that framed the singing of a psalm.  The term derives from the early practice of singing psalms        "antiphonally"- that is, with two or more alternating choirs. appoggiatura  A strong-beat dissonance that resolves to a consonance; used        as an expressive device in much tonal music. aria  In opera or oratorio, a set piece, usually for a single performer,        that expresses a character's emotion about a particular situation. arioso  A singing style between aria and recitative. arpeggio  A chord whose individual notes are played successively rather        than simultaneously. arrangement  An orchestration of a skeletal score or a reorchestration        of a finished composition. ars        nova  The "new art" of fourteenth-century France; refers        to the stylistic innovations, especially rhythmic, of composers        around 1320. articulation  The manner in which adjacent notes of a melody are connected        or separated. art        song  A song focusing on artistic rather than popular expression. a        tempo  At the original tempo. atonality;        atonal  The absence of any sense of tonality. augmentation  The restatement of a theme in longer note values, often twice        as long (and therefore twice as slow) as the original. avant        garde  In the art, on the leading edge of a change in style. B ballade  (1) One of several types of medieval secular songs, usually        in A-A-B form; (2) a type of nineteenth-century character piece        for piano. ballad        opera  A popular eighteenth-century English dramatic form        characterized by spoken dialogue on topical themes interspersed        with popular folk songs. ballata  A type of fourteenth-century italian secular song, similar        to the French virelai. ballet  The theatrical presentation of group or solo dancing of great        precision to a musical accompaniment, usually with costumes and        scenery and conveying a story or theme. bar  Same as measure. baritone  Adult male voice of moderately low range. basic        set  The underlying tone row in a serial composition. bass  (1) The lowest adult male voice; (2) the lowest voice in a        polyphonic texture. bass        clef  The clef in the upper staff that shows pitches mostly        below middle C basse        danse  A popular Renaissance court dance for couples. blue        note In blues singing or jazz, the deliberate offpitch lowering        of certain pitches. blues (I)A form of African-American folk music, characterized by simple,        repetitive structures and a highly flexible vocal delivery


What unusual shape might a rainbow adopt when seen from a plane flying above the clouds?

Stuff in the Sky Stuff in the Sky Steven Dutch, Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay First-time Visitors: Please visit Site Map and Disclaimer . Use "Back" to return here. Scattering Scattering is the process of light bouncing off small particles. There are many kinds of scattering. However, short wavelengths of light (blue) are more effectively scattered because long wavelengths simply pass over particles the same way large ocean waves ignore pebbles. Why the Sky is Blue This turns out to be an amazingly complex problem. If short wavelengths of light are scattered more than long wavelengths, then violet light should be scattered most of all, so why isn't the sky violet? The answer depends on many factors. First, the sun emits the largest amount of light in the green part of the spectrum. There is less blue light than green and less violet light than blue. Second, our eyes have evolved to see the light emitted by the sun, so our eyes are most sensitive in the green part of the spectrum rather than to blue and violet. So we see blue better than violet, and there's more of it to see. Next, scattering increases toward the violet end of the spectrum, so even though there's more green light in sunlight, less of it gets scattered from the open sky. Violet light gets scattered the most, but it also gets absorbed the most, so some of it never reaches our eyes. Finally, there's the way our eyes respond to mixtures of colors. Sunlight is strongest in the green part of the spectrum, but we don't see the sun as green. We see that mixture of colors as white with a hint of yellow. If we illuminate something with a mix of green, blue and violet light, our brains will process that mix as blue. On the average, a photon of light from blue sky has been scattered just once. If particles are numerous, however, the light may be scattered many times, a phenomenon called multiple scattering. When light has undergone multiple scattering, our eyes get a random mixture of colors from all over, and we see white light. Virtually everything that is white owes its color to multiple scattering: clouds, snow, paper, sugar, salt, beach sand, milk, white paint. Also, since light is scattered so much, the chances of a photon making it all the way through in a straight line are very small. Small amounts of multiple scattering, as in thin fog, wash out colors and reduce visibility of distant objects. Larger amounts of multiple scattering, as in thick clouds, make the object completely opaque. This is why clouds look dark when they are not sunlit. In the photo at lower right above, even though the salt, sugar and milk are made entirely of substances that are intrinsically transparent, they all cast distinct shadows because scattering prevents light from getting through. Side comment: one material that is very good at scattering light is titanium dioxide. It is a principal ingredient in white paint. Surprisingly, it's also an ingredient in black ink, because any light that gets through the ink is scattered by the titanium dioxide. It helps make the ink opaque. The Setting Sun Red Sun When the sun is setting, it looks red because it is traveling through a long distance of air, and all the shorter wavelengths of light are absorbed or scattered before they reach your eye. The atmosphere also bends or refracts light, so much so that when the setting sun appears to be on the horizon, it has actually set. This effect is greatest the closer the sun is to the horizon, so that the setting sun appears flattened because light from the bottom of the sun is refracted more than light from the top. The fact that sunlight is reddened and refracted by the earth's  atmosphere means that during an eclipse of the moon, reddened sunlight  refracted through the earth's atmosphere still strikes the moon. Only once has an eclipse of the sun by earth been photographed from  the moon. This astonishing picture, surprisingly, is rarely seen. Taken in 1966 by one of the Surveyor lunar landers, it is the only picture


In which country is the most remote (farthest away) place from any sea or ocean?

What's the most remote spot on Earth? | HowStuffWorks What's the most remote spot on Earth? A man climbs among stumpy tree ferns above Hottentot Gulch, Tristan da Cunha Island. See more pictures of beaches . Photo by James P. Blair/National Geographic/ Getty Images We live in a technologically advanced and interconnected world. Places that were once almost impossible to reach are now accessible by road systems, waterways and airplane rides. Despite the ease with which we can contact people on the other side of the globe -- whether it be through the click of a mouse or a letter in the post -- about 10 percent of the Earth is more than 48 hours away, by way of land travel, from the nearest city [source: O'Neill ]. While in recent years it definitely has become easier to reach far away lands, there are many places in the world that remain inaccessible, uninhabited and secluded -- in other words, the most remote spots on Earth . To determine whether a location qualifies as "remote," you should consider the inaccessibility of the place (how difficult it is to reach the spot) and its isolation (the distance from the nearest inhabited location). In terms of inaccessibility, the point farthest from sea is the Eurasian Pole of Inaccessibility, which is located more than 1,553 miles (2,500 kilometers) from any ocean and is located in northern China. The point farthest from land is Point Nemo, which is in the South Pacific, more than 1,553 miles (2,500 kilometers) from any land mass [source: Murrell ]. Neither of these locations are inhabited by humans. Up Next Can you vacation in Antarctica? What's the most remote inhabited location on Earth? A place called Tristan da Cunha. The approximately 270 residents of this archipelago see a mail ship only once a year [source: Weaver ]. Tristan da Cunha is located at 37 South and 12 West, 1,242 miles (2,000 kilometers) from St. Helena and 1,739.8 miles (2,800 kilometers) from the nearest mainland, the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Tristan is circular in shape and is about 6.2 miles (10 kilometers) in diameter with a total area of only about 30 square miles (78 square kilometers). The summer season falls between December and March. During the winter months, the central volcanic peak of Tristan, which rises to a height of 6,594 feet (2,010 meters), is covered in snow. Tristan da Cunha, the main island, is the only inhabited island in the chain. The other islands that make up the archipelago -- Nightingale, Stoltenhof, Gough, Middle and the appropriately named Inaccessible -- are not populated by humans. But how did people come to inhabit this remote island chain? And how did they find out about it in the first place? Find out on the next page.


The biological mating theory that males seek novelty and females seek familiarity is known as the '(What US President?) Effect'?

Sex Differences in Attraction to Familiar and Unfamiliar Opposite-Sex Faces: Men Prefer Novelty and Women Prefer Familiarity     | SpringerLink July 2014 , Volume 43, Issue 5 , pp 973–981 Sex Differences in Attraction to Familiar and Unfamiliar Opposite-Sex Faces: Men Prefer Novelty and Women Prefer Familiarity Authors Anthony C. Little Email author Lisa M. DeBruine 1.9k Downloads Abstract Familiarity is attractive in many types of stimuli and exposure generally increases feelings of liking. However, men desire a greater number of sexual partners than women, suggesting a preference for novelty. We examined sex differences in preferences for familiarity. In Study 1 (N = 83 women, 63 men), we exposed individuals to faces twice and found that faces were judged as more attractive on the second rating, reflecting attraction to familiar faces, with the exception that men’s ratings of female faces decreased on the second rating, demonstrating attraction to novelty. In Studies 2 (N = 42 women, 28 men) and 3 (N = 51 women, 25 men), exposure particularly decreased men’s ratings of women’s attractiveness for short-term relationships and their sexiness. In Study 4 (N = 64 women, 50 men), women’s attraction to faces was positively related to self-rated similarity to their current partner’s face, while the effect was significantly weaker for men. Potentially, men’s attraction to novelty may reflect an adaptation promoting the acquisition of a high number of sexual partners. Keywords AttractivenessFace processingFamiliarityPreferenceNoveltySex differences Introduction Generally, humans like familiar individuals and stimuli (Moreland & Zajonc, 1982 ; Zajonc, 1968 ), although in some studies such effects may depend on the complexity of the stimuli, with complex stimuli becoming more pleasant with familiarity and low complexity stimuli becoming less pleasant (Berlyne, 1970 ). Many studies have demonstrated that average faces (i.e., faces that are mathematically close to the mean shape of a population of faces) are attractive. For example, averageness has been found to be positively correlated with attractiveness ratings of real faces (Light, Hollander, & Kayra-Stuart, 1981 ) and studies that have used computer graphic methods to manipulate the averageness of face images have also demonstrated attraction to average faces (Galton, 1878 ; Jones, DeBruine, & Little, 2007 ; Langlois & Roggman, 1990 ; Langlois, Roggman, & Musselman, 1994 ; Little & Hancock, 2002 ; Rhodes, Sumich, & Byatt, 1999 ; Rhodes & Tremewan, 1996 ). One explanation for attraction to average faces is derived from theories of prototype formation (Langlois & Roggman, 1990 ). For each class of stimuli, it is possible that the visual system develops an internal prototype with the average of the characteristics of all the different stimuli of that type that have been seen. When novel stimuli are encountered, they are compared against this prototype and similarity to the prototype is positively related to how familiar and attractive we find the new stimuli (e.g., Halberstadt & Rhodes, 2000 ). Average faces may then be attractive because they are perceived as looking familiar (Halberstadt & Rhodes, 2000 ). Other evidence for attraction to familiarity comes from studies demonstrating that visual exposure to certain face types can influence facial attractiveness judgments (Buckingham et al., 2006 ; Little, DeBruine, & Jones, 2005 ; Rhodes, Jeffery, Watson, Clifford, & Nakayama, 2003 ), with individuals demonstrating increased attraction to faces that are similar to those they have previously seen. It may be noteworthy, however, that few studies have explicitly tested for possible sex differences in human preferences for novelty versus familiarity. While much research demonstrates preferences for familiarity (Bornstein, 1989 ; Zajonc, 1968 ), there are theoretical reasons to expect preferences for novelty under certain circumstances. One example of preference for novelty is the “Coolidge effect,” named after the 30th U. S. president, Calvin Coolidge. While it may not be historic


What joint in the body leverages the fastest human motion?

What is the fastest articulated motion a human can execute? What is the fastest articulated motion a human can execute? June 27, 2013 Dr. Roach's study is the first to link human throwing ability and the evolution of our ancestors through hunting. Credit: George Washington University (Phys.org) —Humans are amazing throwers. We are unique among all animals, including our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, in our ability to throw projectiles at high speeds and with incredible accuracy. This trait was critical to the survival and success of our ancestors, aiding their hunting and protective skills, according to National Science Foundation- (NSF) funded research featured on the cover of this week's journal Nature. Harvard University researchers supported by NSF's Biological Anthropology Program discovered that humans are able to throw projectiles at incredible speeds by storing and releasing energy in the tendons and ligaments crossing the shoulder. This energy is used to catapult the arm forward, creating the fastest motion the human body can produce and resulting in very rapid throws. "Our research demonstrates that the ability to store energy in the shoulder is made possible by three critical changes in our upper bodies that occurred during human evolution ," said Neil Roach, lead researcher currently at the Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology at The George Washington University. "The expansion of the waist, a lower positioning of the shoulders on the torso, and the twisting of the humerus (the bone in the upper arm) are the key morphological changes that first appeared together nearly two million years ago in the species Homo erectus." Two million years ago is also the time at which the archaeological record suggests that our hominin ancestors began to hunt more intensely. "We think that throwing was probably most important early on in terms of hunting behavior, enabling our ancestors to effectively and safely kill big game," said Roach. "Eating more calorie-rich meat and fat would have allowed our ancestors to grow larger brains and bodies and expand into new regions of the world—-all of which helped make us who we are today." To discover how and why humans throw so well, Roach and his team used a 3-D motion-capture camera system—similar to those used to make video games and animate movie characters—to record the throws of collegiate baseball players. They analyzed these data using simple physics that breaks down complex movements into the individual motions occurring at each joint and determined velocity and estimated the forces needed to create each motion. The authors found that humans are able to throw with such velocity by storing elastic energy in their shoulders. This energy storage occurs in the "cocking" phase of the throw, when the arm is pulled backward away from the target. "The cocking of the arm stretches the tendons, ligaments and muscles crossing the shoulder and stores elastic energy, like a slingshot," said Roach. "When this energy is then released, it powers the very rapid rotation of the upper arm, which is the fastest motion the human body produces. This rapid rotation also causes the elbow to quickly straighten and the projectile to be released at very high speeds." The team also used therapeutic braces to limit the throwers' movements. "The braces allowed us to mimic our ancestral anatomy in modern throwers, giving us the opportunity to see how anatomical changes that occurred during our evolutionary past would have affected our ability to throw," said Roach. Roach's study is the first to suggest a link between human's incredible throwing ability and the critical evolutionary shifts made possible by our ancestors' increased hunting. It is also the first to demonstrate the use of elastic energy in the human arm. Next, Roach and his colleagues plan to build on their work by determining what type of objects our ancestors actually threw.


Name the vast South Korean conglomerate including car-maker which went bankrupt in 1999?

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Graminoids are more commonly known as what plant form?

Introduction to Fungi APS > Education > Introductory > Introduction to the Pathogen Groups Introduction to Fungi Carris, L. M., C. R. Little, and C. M. Stiles. 2012. Introduction to Fungi. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI:10.1094/PHI-I-2012-0426-01 Lori M. Carris, Christopher R. Little, and Carol M. Stiles Washington State University, Kansas State University, and Georgia Military College What is a fungus? A fungus is a eukaryote that digests food externally and absorbs nutrients directly through its cell walls. Most fungi reproduce by spores and have a body (thallus) composed of microscopic tubular cells called hyphae. Fungi are heterotrophs and, like animals, obtain their carbon and energy from other organisms. Some fungi obtain their nutrients from a living host (plant or animal) and are called biotrophs ; others obtain their nutrients from dead plants or animals and are called saprotrophs (saprophytes, saprobes). Some fungi infect a living host, but kill host cells in order to obtain their nutrients; these are called necrotrophs . Fungi were once considered to be primitive members of the plant kingdom, just slightly more advanced than bacteria. We now know that fungi are not primitive at all. In fact, recent taxonomic treatments such as the Tree of Life Project show that fungi and animals both belong to the group Opisthokonta (Fig. 1). Fungi may not be our next of kin, but they are more closely related to animals than they are to plants. We also recognize that organisms traditionally studied as "fungi" belong to three very different unrelated groups: the true fungi in Kingdom Fungi (Eumycota), the Oomycetes, and the slime molds (Fig. 1). Figure 1 Let's briefly consider the major groups in Kingdom Fungi—they will be described in greater detail later. Open most introductory mycology books and you'll see that there are four main groups (phyla) of true fungi—Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota (e. g., Alexopoulos et al. 1996; Webster and Weber 2007). Recent studies have provided support for the recognition of additional phyla, such as Glomeromycota, a group of fungi once placed in Zygomycota that form an association with the roots of most plants (Fig. 2). A group of parasitic organisms called Microsporidia that live inside the cells of animals are also now considered to belong in the fungal kingdom (Fig. 2). Hibbett et al. (2007) published a comprehensive classification of the Kingdom Fungi, the result of collaboration among many fungal taxonomists. This classification is used in the Dictionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al. 2008) and other fungal references and databases. However, the classification system will undergo additional changes as scientists use new methods to study the fungi. For example, Jones et al. (2011) described the "cryptomycota," a potentially new phylum of organisms within the Kingdom Fungi. Figure 2 How old are fungi? Fungi are an ancient group—not as old as bacteria, which fossil evidence suggests may be 3. 5 billion years old—but the earliest fungal fossils are from the Ordovician, 460 to 455 million years old (Redecker et al. 2000). Based on fossil evidence, the earliest vascular land plants didn't appear until approximately 425 million years ago, and some scientists believe that fungi may have played an essential role in the colonization of land by these early plants (Redeker et al. 2000). Mushrooms exquisitely preserved in amber from the Late Cretaceous (94 million years ago) tell us that there were mushroom-forming fungi remarkably similar to those that exist today when dinosaurs were roaming the planet (Hibbett et al. 2003). However, the fungal fossil record is incomplete and provides only a minimum time estimate for when different groups of fungi evolved. Molecular data suggest that fungi are much older than indicated by the fossil record, and may have arisen more than one billion years ago (Parfrey et al. 2011). How many fungi are there? No one knows for sure how many species of fungi there are on our planet at this point in time, but what is known is that at least 99,000 sp


What trade uses a pattress or pattress box?

Wiki: Pattress - Google Groups Wiki: Pattress A '''pattress''' is the box that sits behind electrical sockets and switches. Pattresses come in metal and plastic, and in surface mount and flush versions. Metal recessed pattresses are used to mount sockets & switches flush to a solid wall. A recess is chiselled out for the pattress to sit in. Knockouts are provided for [[cables|cable]] entry. These are the most common domestic pattresses. Plastic surface mount pattresses are used for electrical accessories that sit on the surface of walls. The pattress is [[screw]]ed in place, and knockouts are provided for [[cables|cable]] entry, either via the sides or the rear. These are available in different depths. The shallowest ones are suitable for light switches where no screw block connections need to be made behind the switch. Deeper ones are usually used for sockets, but fitting sockets into shallow patresses is often possible, if tight, and light switches with a few screw block connections behind them will need the deep ones too. Plastic surface mounting patresses are the 2nd most common domestic type. Plasterboard boxes are used to flush mount switches etc to [[Sheet Materials|plasterboard]]. The picture shows the position of the grips before and after fitting. Architrave pattresses are used with little architrave switches. ===Metal surface pattress=== [[image:Metal skt & pattress 754-7.jpg|thumb]] Metal surface pattresses aren't very common in homes. They are used with metal accessories, and are ideal for workshops (and other environments) requiring particularly tough accessories. ===Twin single pattress=== Twin pattresses are designed to take two single accessories. These are used when 2 different accessories in one position are wanted. These are not the same size as a double pattress. ===Non-standard pattress=== Non standard pattresses are sometimes seen. These generally don't fit standard sockets. They're designed to achieve some advantage, such as styling or compact size. 3 way socket convertors use a pattress designed to [[screws|screw]] onto the top of an existing single flush mount pattress. These turn a 1 way flush socket into a 3 way surface mount socket. Sometimes the [[cables]] aren't long enough and need extending. 4 way socket convertors... Grid switch pattresses are another type not often seen in homes. These accept a number of accessories, which can be mixed at will in the one pattress. Available accessories include various switches, dimmers, key switches, indicators, etc. The accessories don't have any face plate, a single full size faceplate is fitted last. MK is known for its grid switch range. [[Cables]] are often joined in pattresses, but their purpose is for mounting switches and sockets. When a container is wanted only for joining cables, a junction box is smaller & cheaper. ==Thermoplastic and Thermoset== Plastic pattresses intended for mains use are made from thermoset plastics, mainly white bakelite. These don't soften when hot, and act as a fire resistant container. Similarly sized pattresses intended for phone networks are generally made from thermoplastics. These come in more than one size, the larger of which fits mains sockets. These can be bent slightly by hand, so are easily recognised. They offer no heat or fire protection and don't meet modern safety requirements for mains use. ==Style & fit== [[image:Pattress corner detail Egatube & Tenby 850-4.jpg|thumb|Egatube vs Tenby]] Different brands of pattress have different corner detailing, intended to match their own brand of accessories. Standard pattresses, switches and sockets of different brands can be freely mixed, but the difference in corner detailing can make a minority of combinations look wrong. If mixing brands its best to check they look right together before buying. Non-standard pattresses can't be expected to fit standard sockets. ===Metal accessories=== [[image:Socket metal misfit 807-6.jpg|thumb|Oops!]] Many metal accessories for surface mounting are a different size to plastic pattresses, and will look an eyesore if fitted to ea


(At 2013) the 230m high Heron Tower is the tallest skyscraper of which historical financial city centre district?

City of London - Modern and Historical Architecture. - Trip | Tipter City of London - Modern and Historical Architecture. MAY 09,2013      -      MAY 09,2013 (1 DAYS) Citywalk City of London - Modern and Historical Architecture: I recommend you to do what no guidebook, no other web site or normal person was daring to offer you: start at the Bank Square (see below: never in cold or windy days) and explore, in-depth, 3-4 streets, from the 9 streets that converge on the Bank junction area: Prince, Threadneedle, Cornhill, Lombard, Mansion House, King William, Walbrook, Queen Victoria and Poultry.  From this selection - do not miss: Threadneedle (!), Cornhill, Lombard (!), Mansion House and Walbrook. I highly recommend to end with the Threadneedle / Cornhill / Lombard streets - continuing this itinerary to Bishophsgate and many other architectural masterpieces in the City of London. If you don't stick with our itinerary - end with King William Street and head to the Monument or the Thames. I suspect that our offer will consume half of your day. Start: Bank tube / DLR stations. End   : Tower tube / National Rail / DLR stations. Weather: Only in acceptable weather. Avoid this route in rainy, windy or cold days. The Bank environs and the southern parts of the City of London are very cold when the temperatures are low. We end our route in the St. Katherine Docks (a pure contrast to the urban City) - and, there, you must face a smiling sun. Duration: one busy day. Orientation: half-a-day for exploring the Bank and its adjoining streets, continuing northward into the heart of the City, exploring many famous,  architectural monuments/buildings and heading southward to the Thames two banks. Prepare your camera - you'll shoot tens or, even, hundreds of photos. Note or warning: The Bank underground station is such a maze. The worst designed station on the network with very poor crowd flows and very long walks to change lines. This is probably one of the most confusing stations as it has like 9 different exits. You have to walk long distances to find your line. Additionally, it's sort of a conjoined twin with the Monument station. Even though Monument is several streets away the connection is just a little stretched. Avoid interchanging at this station at all costs. A change from the Central line to the District line (which is really at Monument) actually involves a hike which has many a tourist wondering if they'll ever get out. Moreover, It's not even a flat route. There are stairs/escalators that go up and down several times. Get out from the underground station ASAP. The junction itself is also a maze - but this trip blog (the only one that) will make order in what you'll see outside. Another warning: Avoid coming to the Bank in a windy day. Very unpleasant to walk or stay in the Bank square when the wind blows. It is quite cold in the Bank square and the adjacent streets. Leave this itinerary to warmer days. Tip: The best time to go through the Bank is at the weekend. Take the time to walk around what now becomes an almost ghost town, while the markets sleep for the weekend. The buildings old and new are fascinating.The City itself is another story. Explore it only during weekdays. Bank Station numbered Exits: These are numbered clockwise around the Bank Concourse. 1. Poultry, Cheapside and Guild Hall, 2. Princes Street, Threadneedle Street and Bank of England, 3. Royal Exchange, Stock Exchange and toilets, 4. Cornhill, Leadenhall Market and Lloyds, 5.King William Street and Lombard Street, 6. King William Street, Lombard Street, Fenchurch Street, The Monument and London Bridge 7. Mansion House, 8. Cheapside, Queen Victoria Street, 9.  Walbrook. The City is the oldest part of London and was already 1,000 years old when the Tower of London was built. It is uniquely independent from both Westminster and the Crown, has its own local government, the Corporation of London, and today is mainly a financial centre. It also has its own police force which is independent of the Metropolitan police, whose jurisdiction nevertheless s


Ingvar Kamprad founded what famous modern-day organization?

Ingvar Kamprad: IKEA Founder Entrepreneur Profile By Scott Allen Updated May 19, 2016 IKEA Founder Ingvar Kamprad made headlines in early 2004 when Swedish business magazine Veckans Affarer reported that he had surpassed Bill Gates as the world's wealthiest person. While IKEA's unconventional ownership structure makes this the matter of some debate, there is no doubt that IKEA is still one of the largest, most successful privately held companies in the world, with over 200 stores in 31 countries, employing over 75,000 people and generating over 12 billion in sales annually. Born Entrepreneur: Kamprad was born in the south of Sweden in 1926 and raised on a farm called Elmtaryd, near the small village of Agunnaryd. At an early age, he learned that he could buy matches in bulk from Stockholm and sell them at a fair price, but a good profit . He reinvested his profits and expanded to fish, seeds, Christmas tree decorations, and pens and pencils. At age 17, Kamprad's father gave him a nice reward for doing well in school. What did he spend it on? He founded IKEA. The Birth of IKEA: The name IKEA was formed from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) plus the first letters of Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd, the farm and village where he grew up . He continued to expand his business to a variety of goods, including wallets, watches, jewelery and stockings. When he outgrew his ability to call on his customers individually, he converted to a sort of makeshift mail order operation, hiring the local milk van to make his deliveries. "The Greatest Mistake of My Life": During his teens, Kamprad attended some pro-Nazi meetings . When this was uncovered in 1994, Kamprad said, "This is part of my life I bitterly regret...[A]fter a couple of meetings in pure Nazi style, I quit." In a letter to employees titled "The Greatest Mistake of My Life", he asked forgiveness, and he devoted two chapters to it in his 1998 book, The History of IKEA. In an interview after its publication, he said, "Now I have told all I can. Can one ever get forgiveness for such stupidity?" Focus on Furniture: In 1947, Kamprad introduced furniture into the IKEA product line. The use of local manufacturers allowed him to keep his costs down. The furniture was a hit, and in 1951, Kamprad decided to discontinue all other product lines and focus on furniture. In 1953, the first IKEA showroom opened. It came about because of competitive pressures. IKEA was in a price war with its main competitor. The showroom allowed people to see it, touch it, feel it, and be sure of the quality before buying. Competition Leads to Innovation: IKEA has now become known worldwide for its innovative and stylish designs. Almost all IKEA products are designed to for flat packaging, which reduces shipping costs, minimizes transport damage, increases store inventory capacity, and makes it easier for customers to take the furniture home themselves, rather than needing delivery. But the original reason for it was competitive pressure from IKEA's competitors to their suppliers, who actually boycotted IKEA, forcing IKEA to do it themselves. Good Design, Good Function and Good Quality, with Low Prices: Kamprad's vision has been the driving force behind IKEA's succcess. IKEA hires its own designers, who have received numerous awards over the years . Kamprad believes that the company exists not just to improve people's lives, but to improve the people themselves. The self-service store design and ease of assembly of their furniture are not merely cost controls, but an opportunity for self-sufficiency. This vision is reinforced in their advertising and catalog, as well. All In the Family: Kamprad has been extremely shrewd in creating IKEA's organizational structure. It is owned ultimately by a Dutch trust controlled by the Kamprad family, with various holding companies handling different aspects of IKEA's operations, such as franchising, manufacturing, and distribution. IKEA even has an investment banking arm. Kamprad has repeatedly resisted pressure to take the company public, feeling that it would slow their decision-maki


What is the main ingredient of the modern breakfast food and energy bar called granola?

Basic Granola Recipe - Chowhound 1/2 cup small-dice dried fruit 1/2 cup coarsely chopped raw or toasted nuts or seeds Summary Most granola is a fancy twist on toasted oats—consider that when contemplating the exorbitant prices retailers charge for it. The thing is, granola is incredibly easy to make at home, and for a fraction of the cost. This recipe is a granola base to which you can add whatever dried fruit, nuts, or other tasty bits make you happy. Feel free to tweak this with other spices, a little less honey, more salt—it’s quite forgiving, and customizing your own blend is the fun of making your own. If you want to experiment even further, try using other rolled grains such as spelt or barley and wheat instead of oats. Instructions 1Heat the oven to 300°F and arrange a rack in the middle. 2Place the oats, brown sugar, cinnamon, and salt in a large bowl and stir to combine; set aside. 3Place the honey, oil, and vanilla in a small bowl and stir to combine. Pour over the oat mixture and mix until the oats are thoroughly coated. 4Spread the mixture in a thin, even layer on a rimmed baking sheet. Bake for 15 minutes, then stir and continue baking until the granola is very light golden brown, about 5 to 15 minutes more. 5Place the baking sheet on a wire rack and cool the granola to room temperature, stirring occasionally, about 20 minutes. (Note: It will harden as it cools.) 6Add the fruit and nuts or seeds to the baking sheet and toss to combine. Store the granola in an airtight container for up to 2 weeks.


As at 2013 what country boasted the four most profitable banks in the world?

Big four most profitable banks in the world Big four most profitable banks in the world by Mackenzie McCarty24 Jun 2013 Most Discussed APRA clarifies stance on interest rate buffers The regulator has also shed light on serviceability and questioned the use of tests such as the Henderson Poverty Index Australia’s big four banks have been ranked most profitable in the world for the third year running, according to Bank for International Settlements (BIS) data. Last year, the major lenders made better returns than banks in 10 other developed nations, including the US, Britain and Europe – and total profits this year are expected to exceed $26 billion. The Swiss-owned BIS says pre-tax profits for the majors were equal to 1.18% of their total assets, putting Australian banks far ahead of other wealthy countries on the list. According to News Ltd, only lenders in the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China are making better returns. Consumer group Choice head of campaigns, Matt Levey, told News Ltd the figures undermined bank claims that that conditions are tough. ''It shows we have inadequate competitive pressure in that market. We still have don't have a situation where consumers are willing enough to look beyond the big four banks,” said Levey. ''These are institutions which enjoy a privileged position in the community. They are supported to a huge extent by government and taxpayers and in return I don't think we are seeing the amount of competitive pressure that we deserve to see.” But Australian Bankers’ Association CEO, Steven Münchenberg, tells Australian Broker that the fact Australian banks are doing so well has less to do with inadequate competition – and everything to do with the nation’s economic situation. “Banks are more profitable in countries that have stronger economies. It’s not surprising that banks in Europe, where there’s a recession, are less profitable than those in Australia or Canada. The Australian and Canadian economies are growing,” says M nchenberg. “There is actually a lot of competition in Australia; there’s over 100 providers of mortgages and consumers are not afraid to exercise that choice.” Furthermore, he adds, major bank profits, when measured by return on equities, are less than they were before the GFC. “We’re always open to suggestions to improve the situation and we’re always open to sensible policy, but I don’t think there’s a lack of competition in Australia.”


CityPages Kuwait November 2013 by CityPages Kuwait (page 166) - issuu issuu HOMEWORK FOR GROWN UPS EVERYTHING YOU LEARNED AT SCHOOL... BUT CAN YOU REMEMBER? General Knowledge Quiz separate means: 2. As at 2013 what country boasted the four most profitable banks in the world? a) disjoined 3. What term refers to the off-putting banter directed by bowlers/fielders to opposing batsmen on a cricket pitch? b) unequal 4. London's aptly renamed 42-floor 'Tower 42' has a footprint equating to the triangulated-chevrons logo of which original owner? c) minor d) previous 5. The rights to which famous character were sold by creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster to Detective Comics for $130 in 1937? 6. The Bugatti car logo features which reversed capital letter in a ligature with B, standing for the founder (Bugatti's) first name? connection undone; having become separate. a) disjoined -Separate is an adjective that means have the 7. What work-related term popularly refers to loan companies which offer short-term unsecured personal loans at high interest rates? ANSWER: 1. What is the main ingredient of the modern breakfast food and energy bar called granola: Rice; Potato; Oats; or Coconut? Test Your Vocabulary 8. The term forensic refers to investigative technologies and sciences in relation to: Law and crime; Dead things; Tiny details; or Laboratories? 9. What is the traditional tradename for a person who works high up on church spires and chimneys? 10. The 'morna' is the national music and dance style of which central Atlantic archipelago island nation? 11. A cittern is a: Carpentry tool; Musical instrument; Bird; or Fivewheeled cycle? 12. What number features most prevalently internationally in toll-free or 'freefone' telephony: 600; 700; 800; or 900? 13. Name the CIA employee who famously became a whistleblower in 2013, revealing details of US/UK mass public surveillance? 14. Botija, udu, and ghatam are types of: Musical instruments; Rice; Vehicles; or Prayers? Cool Maths Puzzle What is a set of points that extends without end in opposite directions better known as? a) Ray b) Line c) Intercept d) Fractal 15. E20 and SW19 are codes famously associated with: Food; Sport; Aviation; or Cosmetics? 16. What Indian Hindi-Urdu-derived word, orginally a place of assembly, refers in English to a multi-event equestrian contest, and in India to various sporting facilities? 18. US composer/artist John Cage's most famous and controversial 1952 work, called 4'33", requires the musician(s) to play for its entire threemovement 4mins 33secs duration: The same note; As many notes as possible; At maximum volume; or Nothing? JUMBLED WORDS T U L I Q L I Y L H 19. The straight-legged high-kicking march used by many military forces, especially ceremonially, is popularly called the what? S U M O F A 20. According to legend, the Gordian Knot, cut by Alexander the Great, tethered a what? R E B H A C citypageskuwait.com L O W L A F ANSWERS: 1.QUILT, 2.HILLY, 3.FAMOUS, 4.BREACH, 5.FALLOW ANSWERS 1.Oats, 2. China, 3. Sledging, 4. Natwest (fully National Westminster Bank - completed in 1980 as the National Westminster Tower), 5. Superman, 6. E (for Ettore), 7. Payday (Payday loan companies - because traditionally borrowers aim to make repayments on payday), 8. Law and crime (the word is from Roman times when forensis meant 'in open court', derived in turn from the Roman word forum, equating to a court), 9. Steeplejack, 10. Cape Verde, 11. Musical instrument (a basic form of lute from around the 1500s Europe), 12. 800 (common variations are 0800 and 1800, but in most nations of the world 800 is a recognized as a standard indicator of a toll-free/receiverpays phone number), 13. Edward Snowden, 14. Musical instruments, 15. Sport (E20 is the postcode of the 2012 London Olympic park, and SW19 is the postcode of the Wimbledon Tennis Club), 16. Gymkhana, 17. 14-17th, 18. Nothing, 19. Goosestep, 20. Cart 166 ANSWERS: b) Line 17. The Renaissance (from French, 're-birth') was a European cultural movement spanning which centuries: 4-7th; 7-10th; 14-


The Bugatti car logo features which reversed capital letter in a ligature with B, standing for the founder (Bugatti's) first name?

April 2010 - Sports Car Market Search This Issue Page -1 BONUS Arizona Coverage: 1,719 sold, $120m, 202 Cars Rated Keith Martin's Sports CarMarket The Insider's Guide to Collecting, Investing, Values, and Trends FOUND Collier on the $365k Bugatti Immergé April 2010 1959 Lister Costin Jag Stuns at $1.1m 1,000-hp Aero Engine in 1931 Rolls, $451k www.sportscarmarket.com $26m GTO, $8m Cobra Daytona—The Market is Back! 300 Cars Damaged by the Scottsdale Storm: Who Pays? Page 4 Sports CarMarket Keith Martin's The Insider's Guide to Collecting, Investing, Values, and Trends 52 Lister Costin Jag—Ex-Briggs Cunningham April 2010 . Volume 22 . Number 4 50 Mercury—Dream car, surprising price 38 Ferrari—The last V12 roadster IN-DEPTH PROFILES What You Need To Know FERRARI 38 2001 Ferrari 550 Barchetta—$156,750 / Gooding No “little boat,” but V12 topless fun. Steve Ahlgrim ENGLISH 42 1931 Rolls-Royce Phantom II Merlin Special—$451,000 / Gooding WWII aero engine meets a Phantom chassis. Simon Kidston ETCETERINI 44 1925 Bugatti Brescia Type 22 Roadster—$364,700 / Bonhams What happens next to the Lady in the Lake? Miles Collier GERMAN 48 1952 Mercedes-Benz 220 Cabriolet B—$112,750 / RM Post-war car with a pre-war feel, in looks and craftsmanship. Donald Osborne AMERICAN 50 1954 Mercury XM-800 Dream Car—$429,000 / RM If ever there was a bargain concept car, this is it. Thomas Glatch RACE 52 1959 Lister Costin Jaguar Sports Racer—$1,100,000 / Gooding Big money for a sports racing special with all the best bits. Thor Thorson Cover photograph: Bonhams GLOBAL AUCTION COVERAGE 197 Cars Examined and Rated at Six Sales BARRETT-JACKSON 56 Scottsdale, AZ: The oldest—and largest—January auction sells 1,193 cars for $67.1m. Dan Grunwald RM AUCTIONS 70 Phoenix, AZ: RM's Biltmore staple gains an extra night and sells $19.7m, headlined by a $1m Aston DB4GT. Carl Bomstead GOODING & COMPANY 84 Scottsdale, AZ: $3.74m D-type Jag leads the week at Gooding's $34m auction. Donald Osborne SILVER AUCTIONS 98 Fort McDowell: High winds level tents, but Silver still sells 221 of 410 cars for $4m. B. Mitchell Carlson KRUSE INTERNATIONAL 108 Glendale, AZ: A pair of Duesenbergs highlight a $1.8m sale at the Renaissance Glendale Hotel. Lance Raber EBAY MOTORS 114 When one just isn't enough. Geoff Archer Page 6 28 Legal Files—After the storm, who gets to pay? COLUMNS 10 Shifting Gears Real money reappears in the market Keith Martin 26 Affordable Classic Mazda Miata marks 20 years of zoom zoom Rob Sass 28 Legal Files Picking up the pieces at Russo and Steele John Draneas 40 Sheehan Speaks $26m GTO leads a string of world records Michael Sheehan 118 Bike Buys 750S America—the MV shafted by Count Agusta Ed Milich 130 eWatch 1908 Vanderbilt Cup replica stuns at $2,550 Carl Bomstead FEATURES 32 Cavallino: All the Ferraris come out to play 34 SCM Events: How we spent our winter vacation 36 Collecting Thoughts: John Dillinger's Model A 116 By the Numbers: Top 200 Arizona sales DEPARTMENTS 12 Crossing the Block / Auction Calendar 14 The Inside Line 16 Contributors 18 You Write, We Read 20 Display Advertisers Index 22 Time Pieces: Heuer Rally Clocks 22 Neat Stuff 24 In Miniature: 1964 Griffith Series 200 24 Book Review: Alfa Romeo Montreal: The Dream Car That Came True 68 Our Cars: 1970 BMW 2800 CS coupe 74 Glovebox Notes: 2012 Lexus LFA Supercar 106 Alfa Bits 115 Fresh Meat: 2010 Porsche 911 Turbo; 2010 Audi R8; 2008 BMW 135i convertible 120 Mystery Photo 120 Comments with Your Renewal 122 Showcase Gallery 126 Resource Directory Page 8 Shifting Gears Keith Martin The Market Walks Tall declines in their annual New York sales. But on February 3, the market T spoke with an authoritative voice, as “Walking Man I,” a life-size bronze sculpture by Alberto Giacometti, was sold by Sotheby's for $104.3m, a world record for the most expensive work of art ever sold at auction. Sotheby's total for the evening was $235.6m. To put that in perspective, the combined Arizona total of BarrettJackson, Gooding, RM, Silver, and Kruse was $126.5m. Add that to the 2009 Monterey totals for Gooding, R


What work-related term popularly refers to loan companies which offer short-term unsecured personal loans at high interest rates?

Ch 7 To 9 Sum.   Principle 1: The Risk-Return Trade-Off        This principle affects the cost  of credit for both the borrower and the lender. Fixed-rate loans  generally cost more for the borrower than variable-rate loans because  the lender is bearing more risk and therefore demands a higher return.  Borrower strategies to reduce the risk for the lender (e.g., strong  credit rating, variable interest rate, short loan term, collateral, and  larger down payment) reduce costs associated with the loan.   Principle 6:  Taxes Bias Personal  Finance Decisions        Taxes may affect the cost of  borrowing as well as the decision to use savings for a planned purchase.  The tax deduction for interest paid on home equity credit loans and  student loans, within applicable restrictions, offers a cost advantage.  The after-tax lost return, or the true earnings after taxes are paid on  future earnings on savings, must be considered when determining whether  to borrow or use savings for a purchase.   Principle 9: The Best Protection is  Knowledge             Knowledge of credit costs can save a lot of money, as is  very apparent with short-term ï¿½fee-financing,ï¿½ applied to payday loans.  Consumers using these loans should consider the applicable interest rate  that the fee represents. Loan costs should persuade consumers to look  for another source of financing, or better yet, to control their  spending and avoid the need altogether.  Unfortunately, those using  payday loans often have no other lending alternatives and may not  control their finances to include even a small emergency fund.   REVIEW    1.    A single-payment, or balloon,  loan is paid back in one lump-sum payment on the date of loan maturity.  The balloon payment is the total of the amount borrowed and all interest  charged for the life of the loan, generally less than one year. In  contrast, an installment loan is repaid through a series of smaller  payments. A bridge loan, such as a single payment balloon loan, provides  short-term funding until longer-term or additional financing is  available. The name, bridge or interim loan, refers to the fact that  this loan fills an interim time or bridges the need for financing from  one time period to another, when another loan is available. The  subsequent financing would pay off the bridge loan.   2.    Collateral, or an asset identified  as security for a loan, differentiates a secured from an unsecured loan.  An unsecured loan, because it has no available collateral for  repossession in the event of loan default, carries a higher interest  rate. As explained by Principle 1, the lender requires a higher return  in exchange for the greater risk of having only the borrowerï¿½s promise  to pay. In contrast, with a secured loan the collateral could be  repossessed, therefore offering more ï¿½safetyï¿½ for the lender and a lower  interest rate for the borrower.   3.  Variable or adjustable interest rate  loans subject the consumer to fluctuations in the current market  interest rates, which could mean higher or lower payments over the life  of the loan. Loan rates are typically tied to the prime rate or the rate  on Treasury securities, often plus some margin. Consumers are protected  by periodic caps on interest rates as well as a lifetime cap that  establishes a maximum rate over the life of the loan. A loan with the  interest rate tied to longer-term market rates typically offers more  rate stability than one tied to shorter-term rates, as the latter tend  to change more often.  When shopping for these loans, consumers should  compare: ï¿½      the interval between rate  adjustments (e.g., monthly, quarterly, annually); ï¿½      the volatility of the  market interest rate on which the loan rate is based (e.g., 6-month  Treasury bill rate or the 20-year Treasury bond rate); ï¿½      periodic rate cap or  maximum amount the rate can change in one adjustment interval; and ï¿½      lifetime cap or maximum  amount the


The term forensic refers to investigative technologies and sciences in relation to?

Forensic Science legal definition of Forensic Science Forensic Science legal definition of Forensic Science http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Forensic+Science Related to Forensic Science: forensic psychology Forensic Science The application of scientific knowledge and methodology to legal problems and criminal investigations. Sometimes called simply forensics, forensic science encompasses many different fields of science, including anthropology, biology, chemistry, engineering, genetics, medicine, pathology, phonetics, psychiatry, and toxicology. The related term criminalistics refers more specifically to the scientific collection and analysis of physical evidence in criminal cases. This includes the analysis of many kinds of materials, including blood, fibers, bullets, and fingerprints. Many law enforcement agencies operate crime labs that perform scientific studies of evidence. The largest of these labs is run by the Federal Bureau of Investigation . Forensic scientists often present Expert Testimony to courts, as in the case of pathologists who testify on causes of death and engineers who testify on causes of damage from equipment failure, fires, or explosions. Modern forensic science originated in the late nineteenth century, when European criminal investigators began to use fingerprinting and other identification techniques to solve crimes. As the field of science expanded in scope throughout the twentieth century, its application to legal issues became more and more common. Because nearly every area of science has a potential bearing on the law, the list of areas within forensic science is long. Forensic Medicine and Psychology Forensic medicine is one of the largest and most important areas of forensic science. Also called legal medicine or medical Jurisprudence , it applies medical knowledge to criminal and Civil Law . Areas of medicine that are commonly involved in forensic medicine are anatomy, pathology, and psychiatry.Many law enforcement agencies employ a forensic pathologist, sometimes called a medical examiner, who determines the causes of sudden or unexpected death. Forensic toxicologists, who study the presence of poisons or drugs in the deceased, often help forensic pathologists. Forensic odontologists, or dentists, analyze dental evidence to identify human remains and the origin of bite marks. Forensic medicine is often used in civil cases. The cause of death or injury is considered in settling insurance claims or Medical Malpractice suits, and blood tests often contribute to a court's decision in cases attempting to determine the Paternity of a child. Forensic Science in the Federal Bureau of Investigation Since its establishment in 1932, the FBI Laboratory has been a world leader in the scientific analysis of physical evidence related to crime. From its location in the J. Edgar Hoover FBI Building, in Washington, D.C., the laboratory provides a wide range of free forensic services to U.S. law enforcement agencies. The laboratory is divided into several major departments: the Document Section, Scientific Analysis Section, Special Projects Section, Latent Fingerprint Section, and Forensic Science Research and Training Center. The laboratory's Document Section examines paper documents, ink, shoe and tire tread designs, and other forms of evidence related to a wide variety of crimes, including forgery and Money Laundering . It performs linguistic analysis of documents to determine authorship. It also evaluates the validity and danger of written threats. Its Computer Analysis and Response Team recovers evidence, including encrypted information, from computer systems—evidence that is crucial to the prosecution of White-Collar Crime . The Document Section also maintains files of bank Robbery notes, anonymous Extortion letters, and office equipment specifications. The Scientific Analysis Section has seven divisions: Chemistry Toxicology, DNA Analysis/Serology, Elemental and Metals Analysis, Explosives, Firearms-Toolmarks, Hairs and Fibers, and Materials Analysis. This section's analysis of blood,


The 'morna' is the national music and dance style of which central Atlantic archipelago island nation?

Cape Verde Afripedia - Africa.com Cape Verde Afripedia  Cape Verde Afripedia Africa.com Administrator 2016-04-05T15:28:19+00:00 The Republic of Cape Verde, an island country, covers an island chain of 15 islands located in the central Atlantic. It sits 570 km off Western Africa. The island’s area is approximately 4,000 sq. km. They are of volcanic origin. Three are sandy, flat, and dry but the remaining ones are rocky. Rainfall is infrequent. The name derives from Cap Vert, on the Senegalese coast. The Portuguese discovered and colonized the previously uninhabited islands in the 15th century. It became an important part of the slave trade due to its location. At several times, pirates like Sir Francis Drake attacked the islands. In the 1580s its capital at the time, Ribeira Grande, was taken twice. In 1832, Charles Darwin’s voyage visited. An economic crisis occurred when the slave trade declined in the 1800s. The islands had few resources and little Portuguese investment. This lack of support and Portugal’s refusal to give autonomy led to discontent. It culminated in 1975 when Amilcar Cabral led the country to independence. The islands’ estimated population is approximately 530,000. The capital, Praia, accounts for a quarter of this. Cape Verde has been a developing nation since 2007. Many migrated to Europe, the Americas, and other African countries during the tough economic conditions following independence. So many left the country that there are more citizens living abroad than in the country itself. Money being sent from citizens abroad has strengthened the economy. The economy is focuses on tourism and foreign investment. Cape Verde: History Italian and Portuguese sailors discovered the islands around 1456. Portuguese records show Antonio de Noli, who was later appointed governor, discovered the islands. Other navigators, Diogo Gomes, Diogo Afonso, and Alvise Cadamosto, contributed to discoveries. The islands were not inhabited before Europeans arrived. Portuguese settlers arrived in 1462 and founded Riveira Grande. This was the first permanent European settlement in a tropical area. Throughout the 16th century, the area benefitted from the slave trade. This led to pirate attacks, like Sur Francis Drake’s sacking of Ribeira Grande in 1585. In 1712, the French attacked. The town then declined and Praia became the capital in 1770. Cape Verde’s prosperity declined along with the slave trade. The islands still had a good location for ship resupply. As a result, Mindelo was an important 19th century commercial center. To stop nationalism, Portugal changed the Islands’ status from a colony to an oversea province in 1951. In 1956, a group of Cape Verdeans, led by Amilcar Cabral, organized the African Party of the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC). The party demanded social, political, and economic improvement in Guinea and Cape Verde. The party also was the basis for both colonies’ independence movements. The PAIGC began rebellion against the Portuguese in 1961 from Conakry, Guinea. Sabotage led to war. The PAIGC was supported by the Soviet Union and had 10,000 troops. Portuguese and African troops numbered 35,000. By 1972, most of Guinea was controlled by the PAIGC. The group had not attempted to disrupt Portugal’s control over Cape Verde. In 1974, Portuguese Guinea earned its independence. A revolution occurred in Portugal in April 1974, leading the PAIGC to become active in Cape Verde. An agreement was signed between the two sides in December 1974 to begin a transitional government. Cape Verdeans elected a National Assembly on June 30, 1975. That body received independence from Portugal formally on July 5, 1975. The 1980 coup in Guinea-Bissau strained relations between those two countries. This led Cape Verde to give up on unification and form the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV). Since, relations between the countries have improved. The PAICV ruled Cape Verde as a one-party system until 1990. In February 1990, the PAICV responded to calls for more parties by convening an emergency


What number features most prevalently internationally in toll-free or 'freefone' telephony?

CityPages Kuwait November 2013 by CityPages Kuwait - issuu issuu Dr. Tareq Burezq Helping to achieve a smile that you have always desired Scan our tag to enjoy browsing the magazine online citypageskuwait.com Scan this QR code on your smart phone such as Blackberry and connect directly to our website and enjoy reading CityPages online. LIFESTYLE / PEOPLE / EVENTS / FASHION Autumn Winter Collection 2013 Al Hamra Center - Basement - Tel: 22270270 The Avenues - 2nd avenue - Tel: 22597862 www.eden-park.com The Avenues mall The Mall - Mezanine High Street Phone: 22200650 مجمع االفنيوز  ميزانني- ذا مول هاي سرتيت 22200650 :هاتف @TRUCCOKW شركــة سبــــا آنــد مــــــور متخصصون في تجهيز الصالونات ومراكز التجميل والمعاهد الصحية www.spaandmore.net IDEAS & MORE Kuwait Jabriya - Tel:. +965 25353248 - Fax: +965 25353249 - P.O.Box: 629 Jabriya 46307 Kuwait - Email: spa@spa-more.com facebook/spaandmore Free Copies of CityPages are Available at: Hawally - Zawya Center (British School of Kuwait) SUBSCRIPTIONS If you would like to receive copies of CityPages magazine at your location as distribution point or reading material, please get in touch with our distribution team at: subscriptions@citypageskuwait.com ” إﺗﺼﻞ واﺳﺄل ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺰﻓﺎف“ 2573 6666 Dear Readers… Dhari Al-Muhareb Editor-in-Chief Jameel Arif Abeer Al-Abduljalil Managing Editor Kinda Al-Faris November has become Movember again! I am sure you have noticed, November has become Movember and sane and stylish men have been growing all kinds of odd, furry protuberances under their noses for this month. It’s an annual, month long event in aid of “changing the face of men’s health”. The idea is to encourage men to go to the doctor more in order to help with earlier detection of cancer, depression and other illnesses. To know more about it, don't miss to read our special article by Dr. Nazia on page 26. Claudia Farias Talking about Movember, our cover personality Dr. Tareq Burezq is also an active supporter of good health and promoter of Movember. I am sure you would have noticed it from his mustaches that he has grown specially for this cause and our cover. I would like to thank him personally for believing in me and accepting to come out in a totally different look for our cover. I also would like to thank Mr. Bader AlEissa - Marketing & PR Manager at Asnan Tower for his believe in CityPages and without his support, this cover would have not been possible. Tanya Burns The last couple of weeks have been busy for all of us. We were happy to see the positive reader feedback on our new look and design, and also saw a rise in readership. Thank you for all your incredible support! Executive Editor Muhammed Altaf Sr. Sales Manager Content Supervisor Creative Director Graphic Designers Mohammed Syed Khaled Al-Enezi Contributing Team Khaled Al-Zawawi Abdulaziz Al-Khamis Abdalla AlMuzaini Layla Harmony Abrar Al-Zenkawi Maha Al-Rashed Ahmed Al-Ragum Mohammad Al-Sharrah Ali - DJ RAVEN Nadia Al-Jazzaf ARTRONAUTS Nadia Al-Hassan ASAMA Perfumes Nada Soliman BirthKuwait Nada Faris Dr. Nazia Nausheen Reshmi Revi Faisal Al-Dhofari Sarah Al-Hajji Huda AlSaleh Zahra Ashkanani Hussain Jassim Zahra Taqi Khaled Al-Amiri Photography Team Abdulaziz AlSoraya Abdulaziz AlShayaji Ahmad Emad Antonio O. Alcantara I Eric O. Fabro Natalia Sitcai Shahbaz Hussain Bulk Distribution Team V. Rajan S. V. Gopal Corporate Copies and Subscriptions Distributed through: In our Exclusives section, we profile 15 of the most inspiring and respected men in Kuwait. These men are inspiring visionaries, who represent Kuwait on a global stage. We catch up with them, as they share details about their latest projects and also tell us some things you may not have known about them before! Bringing this section was not easy and would have not been possible without the help of our new team member - Khaled AlAmiri. He himself is very inspiring and his work will speak for himself. I also would like to thank other team members who worked in bringing out this feature; Kinda AlFaris and last but not the least the spe


Name the CIA employee who famously became a whistleblower in 2013, revealing details of US/UK mass public surveillance?

Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations | US news | The Guardian Glenn Greenwald on security and liberty Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations The 29-year-old source behind the biggest intelligence leak in the NSA's history explains his motives, his uncertain future and why he never intended on hiding in the shadows Tuesday 11 June 2013 09.00 EDT First published on Tuesday 11 June 2013 09.00 EDT Close This article is 3 years old The individual responsible for one of the most significant leaks in US political history is Edward Snowden , a 29-year-old former technical assistant for the CIA and current employee of the defence contractor Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the National Security Agency for the last four years as an employee of various outside contractors, including Booz Allen and Dell. The Guardian, after several days of interviews, is revealing his identity at his request. From the moment he decided to disclose numerous top-secret documents to the public, he was determined not to opt for the protection of anonymity. "I have no intention of hiding who I am because I know I have done nothing wrong," he said. Snowden will go down in history as one of America's most consequential whistleblowers, alongside Daniel Ellsberg and Bradley Manning. He is responsible for handing over material from one of the world's most secretive organisations – the NSA . In a note accompanying the first set of documents he provided, he wrote: "I understand that I will be made to suffer for my actions," but "I will be satisfied if the federation of secret law, unequal pardon and irresistible executive powers that rule the world that I love are revealed even for an instant." Despite his determination to be publicly unveiled, he repeatedly insisted that he wants to avoid the media spotlight. "I don't want public attention because I don't want the story to be about me. I want it to be about what the US government is doing." He does not fear the consequences of going public, he said, only that doing so will distract attention from the issues raised by his disclosures. "I know the media likes to personalise political debates, and I know the government will demonise me." Despite these fears, he remained hopeful his outing will not divert attention from the substance of his disclosures. "I really want the focus to be on these documents and the debate which I hope this will trigger among citizens around the globe about what kind of world we want to live in." He added: "My sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them." He has had "a very comfortable life" that included a salary of roughly $200,000, a girlfriend with whom he shared a home in Hawaii, a stable career, and a family he loves. "I'm willing to sacrifice all of that because I can't in good conscience allow the US government to destroy privacy, internet freedom and basic liberties for people around the world with this massive surveillance machine they're secretly building." 'I am not afraid, because this is the choice I've made' Three weeks ago, Snowden made final preparations that resulted in last week's series of blockbuster news stories. At the NSA office in Hawaii where he was working, he copied the last set of documents he intended to disclose. He then advised his NSA supervisor that he needed to be away from work for "a couple of weeks" in order to receive treatment for epilepsy, a condition he learned he suffers from after a series of seizures last year. As he packed his bags, he told his girlfriend that he had to be away for a few weeks, though he said he was vague about the reason. "That is not an uncommon occurrence for someone who has spent the last decade working in the intelligence world." On May 20, he boarded a flight to Hong Kong, where he has remained ever since. He chose the city because "they have a spirited commitment to free speech and the right of political dissent", and because he believed that it was one of the few p