Who stands off-stage and reminds actors of forgotten lines during a performance?

Appendix:Glossary of theatre - Wiktionary Appendix:Glossary of theatre This is a glossary of terms commonly used in theatre . Wikipedia has an article on: call times   The times at which each individual actor is expected to be at the theater. Call times vary based on the amount of time required to make-up the actor and may be staggered among smaller roles to allow for sharing of dressing room space and/or make up artists. community theatre   A performance by amateurs (or unpaid actors) as opposed to professional (paid) theatre. Some community theatre groups actually have registration "fees" that must be paid before rehearsals begin. This is usually to cover the cost of rehearsal space if their sponsoring Theatre does not have space. A theatrical scholar. During production a dramaturge is responsible for historical accuracy, and conforming to the vision of the absent, or deceased, playwright. dress  method acting   Acting style in which the ideal of a "true"( or "real") moment or impulse is valued most highly; the actors try to feel the emotions of the character so that the actors' choices and the characters' would be as one---i.e. inevitable. Pioneered by Konstantin Stanislavski , currently taught most formally at The Actor's Studio in Manhattan. Of note, the American Method acting of the popular imagination was based on an early, incomplete experiment of Stanislavski's. Many if not most modern teachers have moved away from the original (Stanislavskian ) "method" as it is truly difficult to teach well, has been altered by many secondary and tertiary disciples in the '60s and '70s to suit personal agendas, and can produce seemingly uninteresting and almost "masturbatory" results in younger actors. Marlon Brando and Dustin Hoffman are perhaps the best examples of masterful methodists who use and discard various parts of many schools of thought to achieve success. promenade   A performance of a play in which the actors and audience occupy the same space, with no distinction between acting area and audience area. The audience is given the freedom to explore the space together with the performance, and there is generally an element of audience interaction in the play. prompt   To tell an actor his next line when he has forgotten it. Also the person whose job it is to do this (also called the prompter). It used to mean the side of the stage where the prompter sat. The other side of the stage was called 'Opposite Prompt' or OP. strike   to remove a set piece or from the stage ("Strike that chair.") To "strike the show" is to disassemble the entirety of the set, return all equipment to storage and leave the venue as it was before the show was set up. May be used as a noun to refer to the event at which the show is struck. stock character   A archtypical or stereotyped character, usually originating in Roman comedy and finding its widest expression in Commedia dell'arte . Stock characters continue to be used, however, in one form or another and examples include the lover, crafty servant, the miser, the clown, etc.


Arnall Patz received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2004 for his lifetime of work in what field?

Johns Hopkins Gazette | July 6, 2004 The newspaper of The Johns Hopkins University July 6, 2004 | Vol. 33 No. 39   Wilmer's Arnall Patz Receives Presidential Medal of Freedom By John Lazarou Johns Hopkins Medicine Arnall Patz, director emeritus of the Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute and winner of a Lasker Award for his discovery of a treatment for a disease that once was the most common cause of childhood blindness, was one of 12 recipients given this year's Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush during a special ceremony held June 23 at the White House. Patz was honored for his lifetime contributions to ophthalmology, which include development of one of the first argon lasers used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, and the elimination of a leading cause of blindness in premature babies. "We are enormously proud to have the extraordinary contributions of one of our own so magnificently recognized," said Edward D. Miller, dean of faculty of the School of Medicine and CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine. "Patz's influence in ophthalmology as a clinician, researcher and mentor is powerful and long-lasting. He has graced the school and hospital for almost 50 years, and we are so pleased for him." The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the nation's highest civilian honor. First established by President Truman in 1945 to recognize civilians for their service during World War II, it was reinstated by President Kennedy in 1963 to honor individuals who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States or to world peace or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors." "I am delighted to receive this medal," Patz said. "And I am extremely pleased that this award will bring focus and attention to the value and importance of work in preserving the sight of patients and to ophthalmology's important role in medicine." Early in his medical career, Patz was credited with discovering the cause of and treatment for retrolental fibroplasia, an abnormal overgrowth of blood vessels in the eye causing irreparable damage to the retina in premature infants. Known today as retinopathy of prematurity in newborns, during the 1950s this condition was the most common cause of childhood blindness. The condition was caused by giving high levels of oxygen to oxygen-needy premature infants. Despite fierce resistance from the medical establishment, Patz scientifically proved the link between exposure to high levels of oxygen and blindness and effectively ended the problem by suggesting ways to shield the infants' eyes during oxygen therapy. The vision of countless infants was saved. For his work, he was awarded in 1956 the Albert Lasker Medical Research Award, sometimes dubbed the "American Nobel." The Lasker Award recognizes scientists, physicians and public servants whose accomplishments have made major advances in the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and cure of many of the great cripplers and killers of our century. "Dr. Patz will always be considered, by his peers and those throughout our profession, as a man who contributed so critically to preserving sight," said Peter J. McDonnell, current director of the Wilmer Eye Institute. "As a member of the faculty of Wilmer for the last 50 years, his inspiration and leadership to fellow professionals, along with his guidance and encouragement to all of our medical students, make us fortunate to know him." Following his work on ROP, Patz studied ways to stop the leaking and overgrowth of blood vessels in the retina, a condition associated with many diseases of the eye. Recognizing the potential of lasers to seal the leaking and stop the overgrowth of these blood vessels, Patz developed the argon laser with the help of colleagues at Johns Hopkins' Applied Physics Laboratory. Their work paved the way for treatment of many degenerative eye conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and retinal tearing. Patz joined the Johns Hopkins


The Plum Judy, Painted Lady, Monarch, Speckled Wood, Mallow Skipper, and Zabulon Skipper are varieties of what?

Butterfly B Butterfly A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera . Like all Holometabolis insects , butterflies' life cycle consists of four parts, egg , larva , pupa , and adult. Most species are diurnal. The diverse patterns formed by their brightly coloured wings and their erratic flight have made butterfly watching a hobby. Butterflies comprise the true butterflies (superfamily Papilionoidea), the skippers (superfamily Hesperioidea) and the moth-butterflies (superfamily Hedyloidea). Butterflies exhibit polymorphism, mimicry and aposematism. Some migrate over long distances. Some butterflies have evolved symbiotic and parasitic relationships with social insects such as ants. Butterflies are important economically as agents of pollination . In addition, a few species are pests, because they can damage domestic crops and trees in their larval stage. Culturally, butterflies are a popular motif in the visual and literary arts. Lifecycle It is a popular belief that butterflies have very short life spans. However, butterflies in their adult stage can live from a week to nearly a year depending on the species. Many species have long larval life stages while others can remain dormant in their pupal or egg stages and thereby survive winters. Butterflies may have one or more broods per year. The number of generations per year varies from temperate to tropical regions with tropical regions showing a trend towards multivoltinism. Egg Butterfly eggs consist of a hard-ridged outer layer of shell, called the chorion. This is lined with a thin coating of wax which prevents the egg from drying out before the larva has had time to fully develop. Each egg contains a number of tiny funnel-shaped openings at one end, called micropyles; the purpose of these holes is to allow sperm to enter and fertilize the egg. Butterfly and moth eggs vary greatly in size between species, but they are all either spherical or ovate. Butterfly eggs are fixed to a leaf with a special glue which hardens rapidly. As it hardens it contracts, deforming the shape of the egg. This glue is easily seen surrounding the base of every egg forming a meniscus. The nature of the glue is unknown and is a suitable subject for research. The same glue is produced by a pupa to secure the setae of the cremaster. This glue is so hard that the silk pad, to which the setae are glued, cannot be separated. Eggs are usually laid on plants. Each species of butterfly has its own hostplant range and while some species of butterfly are restricted to just one species of plant, others use a range of plant species, often including members of a common family. The egg stage lasts a few weeks in most butterflies but eggs laid close to winter, especially in temperate regions, go through a diapause stage, and the hatching may take place only in spring. Other butterflies may lay their eggs in the spring and have them hatch in the summer. These butterflies are usually northern species (Mourning Cloak, Tortoiseshells) Caterpillars Butterfly larvae, or caterpillars , consume plant leaves and spend practically all of their time in search of food. Although most caterpillars are herbivorous, a few species such as Spalgis epius and Liphyra brassolis are entomophagous (insect eating). Some larvae, especially those of the Lycaenidae , form mutual associations with ants. They communicate with the ants using vibrations that are transmitted through the substrate as well as using chemical signals. The ants provide some degree of protection to these larvae and they in turn gather honeydew secretions. Caterpillars mature through a series of stages called instars. Near the end of each instar, the larva undergoes a process called apolysis, in which the cuticle , a mixture of chitin and specialized proteins, is released from the epidermis and the epidermis begins to form a new cuticle beneath. At the end of each instar, the larva moults the old cuticle, and the new cuticle rapidly hardens and pigments. Development of butterfly wing patterns begins by the last larval instar. Butterfly caterpillars have three


Where is the region known as Transylvania?

Transylvania – Travel guide at Wikivoyage Understand[ edit ] Although some people may only associate the name with tales of bloodthirsty vampires (it is the setting of Bram Stoker's novel, Dracula), Transylvania is one of the most beautiful natural regions in Europe , dotted with picturesque, medieval fortress towns and monasteries. Lively cities with stunning baroque architecture offer modern tourism services at a price far below that of, say, Germany or France . Here you can find some of the most developed cities in Romania, but also old villages where people live as they did a hundred years ago. Transylvania is surrounded by the misty Carpathian mountains and is home to rare fauna (bears, wolves) and flora (orchids and other plants). Transylvania has all the history and multi-ethnic culture you could want. The history of Transylvania is much disputed: once it was an integral part of the Kingdom of Hungary (950-1526), then an independent Principality (1526-1690) before being reabsorbed by the Habsburg Empire. It was united with Wallachia and Moldovia to form Romania after the Austro-Hungarian Empire was dissolved in the Treaty of Trianon, which saw the conclusion of World War I. This complex history explains the many cultural differences between Transylvania and the rest of Romania. For much of this history the Romanian majority had few rights and were ruled by minorities such as the Hungarians and Saxons. Other minorities included Roma, Jews and Armenians. After World War I, Transylvania became part of Greater Romania, and many local Hungarians fled across the new border to Hungary. Following the defeat of the Axis powers in World War II, many of the local Germans fled to Germany. The Communist era was a harsh time for ethnic minorities, especially for those of whom many had been small business owners (Hungarians and those Jews who had survived the war) before the new totalitarian regime came to power. After the revolution in 1989, most of the remaining Saxons moved to Germany (having settled in Transylvania, at that time part of the Kingdom of Hungary, in large numbers during the 13th century), and many of the remaining ethnic Hungarians also left. The relations between the ethnic minorities and majority have known tense times, but there has never been a serious conflict. Although attitudes of individuals can still be closed towards other groups, Transylvania is an example of different ethnic groups living together in relative peace. However, as with Europe in general, the Roma ethnicity is still seriously discriminated against and their culture is little understood. Today Transylvania is the most developed region in Romania, partly because of tourism and partly because of a stronger capitalist tradition prior to World War II. The presence of the German and Hungarian minorities has been a catalyst for Western influences in Transylvania since 1989. It is interesting to observe the differences within this small region: the South and South East are dominated by Saxon culture, the East and North East are more influenced by Hungarian culture, the North is more Slavic, and the South West different again. Try to visit a few older villages, where the people are generally very friendly. Talk[ edit ] Nowadays, almost everyone in Transylvania speaks Romanian , though for many of the ethnic Hungarians -- about 20% of the population, but far more in certain areas -- Hungarian is actually their first language. Few native German -speakers remain, but in any sizable town you should easily be able to find people who speak at least moderately good English, French, or German. Get in[ edit ] Transylvania is relatively easy to access, due to its relative economic prosperity, tourism industry and proximity to Central Europe . By plane[ edit ] There are three main airports in the region. Cluj-Napoca International Airport is located in north-western Transylvania. It's the largest airport in Transylvania and an emerging regional hub. Maros/Mureş Express -links Budapest with Târgu-Mureş ; Máramaros/Maramureş Express -links Budapest with Sighe


What was the cause of a state of emergency in Kenya from October 1952 to December 1959?

A Brief History on Kenya | Republic of Kenya | The Embassy of the Republic of Kenya A Brief History on Kenya Pre-colonial history Around 2000 BC, Cushitic-speaking people from northern Africa settled in the part of East Africa that is now Kenya. By the 1st Century AD, the Kenyan coast was frequented by Arab traders, who due to Kenya's proximity to the Arabian Peninsula, established Arab and Persian colonies there. The Nilotic and Bantu people also moved into the region during the first millennium AD. and settled inland. The Europeans Evolving from a mixture of Bantu and Arabic, the Swahili language then developed as a lingua franca for trade between the different peoples. When the Portuguese arrived in 1498, the Arab dominance on the coast was clipped, as the Port of Mombasa became an important resupply stop for ships bound for the Far East. The Portuguese gave way in turn to Islamic control under the Imam of Oman in the 1600s until another European influence came along, this time from the United Kingdom during the 19th century. Colonial History The roots of the colonial history of Kenya go back to the Berlin Conference in 1885, when East Africa was first divided into territories of influence by the European powers. The British Government founded the East African Protectorate in 1895 and soon after, opened the fertile highlands to white settlers. Even before it was officially declared a British colony in 1920, these settlers were allowed a voice in government, while the Africans and the Asians were banned from direct political participation until 1944. During this period thousands of Indians were brought into Kenya to work on building the Kenya Uganda Railway Line and subsequently settled there, whilst inviting many of their kith and kin who were mainly traders from India to join them. Resistance to Colonialism -- the Mau Mau In 1942, members of the Kikuyu, Embu, Meru and Kamba tribes took an oath of unity and secrecy to fight for freedom from British rule. The Mau Mau Movement began with that oath and Kenya embarked on its long hard road to National Sovereignty. In 1953, Jomo Kenyatta was charged with directing the Mau Mau and sentenced to 7 years imprisonment. Another freedom fighter Dedan Kimathi was arrested in 1956 for his role in the Mau Mau uprising as one of the leaders of the struggle for independence and was subsequently hanged by the colonialists. Kenya was put under a state of emergency from October 1952 to December 1959, due to the Mau Mau rebellion against British colonial rule and thousands of Kenyans were incarcerated in detention camps. During this period, African participation in the political process increased rapidly and in 1954 all three races (European, Asian and African) were admitted into the Kenya Legislative Council on a representative basis. Kenya achieves independence In 1957, the first direct elections for Africans to the Legislative Council took place and those elected increased the people's agitation for Jomo Kenyatta's release from detention. In 1962 Kenyatta was released to become Kenya's first Prime Minister, when Kenya finally gained independence on December 12, 1963. The following year, Kenya became a Republic with Kenyatta as its first President. In the same year Kenya joined the British Commonwealth. The Road to Kenyatta's one party state In 1966, a small but significant leftist opposition party, the Kenya People's Union (KPU), was formed by Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, a former Vice President and Luo elder. KPU was banned shortly thereafter and its leader arrested in 1969 and Kenya became a "de facto" single party state. Following Kenyatta's death in August 1978, Vice President Daniel Arap Moi succeeded him as Kenya's second President. The Moi era In June 1982, Kenya was officially declared a one party state by the National Assembly and the constitution was amended accordingly. Parliamentary elections were held in September 1983 under a single party for the first time and the 1988 elections reinforced the one party system. However, in December 1991, Parliament annulled the one party sect


"A compilation of whose inspirational letters to a young jazz student named Anthony, has been published as ""To a Young Jazz Musician""?"

Spotlight of Jazz and Poetry Blog Page - SPOTLIGHT ON JAZZ & POETRY PRESENTS: A TRIBUTE TO ALPHONSE MOUZON SPOTLIGHT ON JAZZ & POETRY PRESENTS: A TRIBUTE TO ALPHONSE MOUZON Read Now   There are legends in the world of music… and then there are icons. Nat King Cole broke barriers and literally changed the face of music. Two decades later George Benson did the same by redefining the world of jazz by garnering the first platinum jazz album in 1976. In the universe of masters and mentors, the torch has never been passed as impeccably as from Cole to Benson. With Cole’s spellbinding voice and his unforgettable catalog of classic songs in the `50s and `60s, he paved the way for the level of tremendous international crossover success that dynamic ten-time GRAMMY winner Benson earned in the `70s to the present - from jazz to pop, and from instrumental innovator to vocal sensation. The keys were ambition, accessibility, all-around quality and strict attention to the wants and desires of their audience. In honor of this, George Benson delivers an album he has literally been preparing for all his life: Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole, available on CD, digital and vinyl LP – worldwide on Concord Records, June 4, 2013. With conductor Randy Waldman, The Henry Mancini Institute Orchestra, special guest trumpeters Wynton Marsalis and Till Brönner, and singers Idina Menzel(Broadway star, best known for her work in Rent, her Tony Award-winning performance as Elphaba in Wicked and her recurring role in the hit TV series Glee) and Judith Hill(featured in the documentary Twenty Feet From Stardom), Benson explores the many facets of Cole’s legacy. There are big band blasts (“Ballerina” and “Just One of Those Things”), intimate balladry (“Mona Lisa” and “Unforgettable”), and finger poppin’ trio hits (“Straighten Up and Fly Right” and “Route 66”). Benson and Waldman went back to the original charted arrangements of Cole’s great orchestrators Nelson Riddle and Gordon Jenkins for all of the numbers for utmost authenticity of expression. There are legends in the world of music… and then there are icons. Nat King Cole broke barriers and literally changed the face of music. Two decades later George Benson did the same by redefining the world of jazz by garnering the first platinum jazz album in 1976. In the universe of masters and mentors, the torch has never been passed as impeccably as from Cole to Benson. With Cole’s spellbinding voice and his unforgettable catalog of classic songs in the `50s and `60s, he paved the way for the level of tremendous international crossover success that dynamic ten-time GRAMMY winner Benson earned in the `70s to the present - from jazz to pop, and from instrumental innovator to vocal sensation. The keys were ambition, accessibility, all-around quality and strict attention to the wants and desires of their audience. In honor of this, George Benson delivers an album he has literally been preparing for all his life: Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole, available on CD, digital and vinyl LP – worldwide on Concord Records, June 4, 2013. With conductor Randy Waldman, The Henry Mancini Institute Orchestra, special guest trumpeters Wynton Marsalis and Till Brönner, and singers Idina Menzel(Broadway star, best known for her work in Rent, her Tony Award-winning performance as Elphaba in Wicked and her recurring role in the hit TV series Glee) and Judith Hill(featured in the documentary Twenty Feet From Stardom), Benson explores the many facets of Cole’s legacy. There are big band blasts (“Ballerina” and “Just One of Those Things”), intimate balladry (“Mona Lisa” and “Unforgettable”), and finger poppin’ trio hits (“Straighten Up and Fly Right” and “Route 66”). Benson and Waldman went back to the original charted arrangements of Cole’s great orchestrators Nelson Riddle and Gordon Jenkins for all of the numbers for utmost authenticity of expression. George Benson-4 Reflecting on where this all began, Benson takes us back to his inspired street corner beginnings as Little Georgie Benson, “At the opening of Inspiration


Pete Seeger, Woody Guthrie and Joan Baez are associated with what style of music?

Similar artists to Pete Seeger —   Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm Tom Paxton (born Thomas Richard Paxton on October 31, 1937) is an American singer-songwriter of folk music whose songs have had enduring appeal… Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now Ramblin' Jack Elliott (born Elliott Charles Adnopoz, 1 August 1931) is a Grammy Award winning American folk performer. Originally from New York, Elliott… There are at least two artists that go by this name. The other is a current hip-hop producer. Odetta (December 31, 1930 - December 2, 2008)…


"The term ""Gallic"" means relating to what country?"

Full Glossary for A Separate Peace Full Glossary for A Separate Peace Abominable Snowman a large, hairy, man-like creature reputed to live in the Himalayas; also called yeti. Here, Leper in his ski gear reminds Brinker of the creature. aide-memoire (French) a memorandum of a discussion, proposed agreement, etc. Here, Knowles uses the term comically. Archangel seaport in northwestern Russia, at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River. It is icebound for six months every year. Athens capital of Greece, in the southeastern part of the country; Athens became established as the center of Greek culture in the 5th century B.C., when it was the capital of ancient Attica. Here, a model for Devon. Big Three the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, the most powerful Allied nations in World War II. blitzkrieg sudden, swift, large-scale offensive warfare intended to win a quick victory, used by the Nazis. Here, the boys adapt the term for "blitzball," a game that emphasizes high energy and surprise manuevers.. Bolsheviks originally, a member of a majority faction (Bolsheviki) of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party, which formed the Communist Party after seizing power in the 1917 Revolution. Here, Finny means the Soviet Union. Bunyan Paul Bunyan, the giant lumberjack of American legend. Burma Road "Burma," the old name for Myanmar, country in southeast Asia on the Indochinese peninsula. Here, the supply route for the Allies beginning in Burma and extending far into China, where American and Chinese troops fought the Japanese. butt the remaining end of anything; stub; stump; specifically the stub of a smoked cigarette or cigar. Here, the term is a slang word for cigarette, applied to the place where the boys at Devon gather to smoke, the Butt Room. contretemps (French) an inopportune happening causing confusion or embarrrassment; awkward mishap. Here, Gene uses the word to play down the seriousness of Finny's fall. de Gaulle Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970), French general and statesman; president of France (1959-69). Here, the reference is to de Gaulle's leadership of the Free French during World War II. doughboys United States infantrymen, especially of World War I. Here, Brinker's father uses the word to describe the World War II recruits he sees at Devon. duration the time that a thing continues or lasts. Here, a specialized term from World War II meaning "for as long as the war continues." For example, the maids at Devon will be gone "for the Duration," or as long as the war lasts. Elliott Roosevelt the son of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945), 32d president of the United States. Here, Gene refuses to enlist with Brinker, even if he were the son of the president. In turn, Brinker claims a family connection with the wealthy, powerful Roosevelts. the Eton playing fields observation "Eton" town in Buckinghamshire, on the Thames, near London; site of a private preparatory school for boys. Here, Mr Ludsbury refers to the phrase used by the Duke of Wellington (1769-1852). In the Duke's opinion, the Battle of Waterloo, in which the British defeated the French led by Napoleon, was won "on the playing fields of Eton," the result of the spirit of the British officers who first learned to compete in the vigorous games of their schools, notably the prestigious Eton. foxhole a hole dug in the ground as a temporary protection for one or two soldiers against enemy gunfire or tanks. Here, it represents the infantry fighting Gene hopes to avoid. fratricide the act of killing one's own brother or sister. Here, Brinker's characterization of Gene's doing away with Finny. Free French inhabitants of the part of France and its colonies not invaded by Germany in 1940. "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres" Latin phrase meaning "Gaul is divided into three parts;" the beginning of Caesar's Gallic Wars. General MacArthur Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964), United States general, commander in chief of the Allied troops in the southwest Pacific during World War II. Giraud Henri Honore Henri Honore Giraud (1879-1949), French


English actress Lily Langtry was the mistress of whom?

Lillie Langtry - theislandwiki Lillie Langtry Jump to: navigation , search Lillie Langtry 1853-1929 Actress Lillie Langtry (13 October 1853 – 12 February 1929), born Emilie Charlotte Le Breton in Jersey, was an actress. A renowned beauty, she was nicknamed the "Jersey Lily" and had a number of prominent lovers, including the future king of England, Edward VII. St Saviour's Rectory, believed to have been Lillie's birthplace, in 1910 From Jersey to London Emilie was the only daughter of the Dean , the Rev William Corbet Le Breton . He gained an unsavoury reputation because of affairs and, after his wife left him, he left Jersey in 1880. He had eloped to Gretna Green with Lillie's mother, who was known for her beauty. In 1842 he married her at Chelsea. Emilie was always known among her friends as Lillie. She had six brothers, all but one older than her. Proving too much for her French governess, Lillie was educated by her brothers' tutor, becoming unusually well educated for women of the time. Lillie's signature In 1874, at the age of 20, she married 26-year-old Irish landowner Edward Langtry, the brother-in-law of her brother William's wife. He was wealthy enough to own a yacht, and Emilie insisted that he take her away from the Channel Islands. Eventually, they rented a place in Belgravia, London. Lord Ranelagh, a friend of her father and sister-in-law, invited Lillie Langtry to a high-society reception at which she attracted notice for her beauty and wit. In contrast to more elaborate clothing, she wore a simple black dress (which was to become her trademark) and no jewellery. Before the end of the evening, artist Frank Miles had completed several sketches of her that became very popular on postcards. Another guest, Sir John Everett Millais , eventually painted her portrait. Langtry's nickname, the "Jersey Lily," was taken from the Jersey lily flower. The nickname was popularised by Millais' portrait, A Jersey Lily. According to tradition, the two Jersey natives spoke Jerriais to each other during the sittings. The painting caused great interest when exhibited at the Royal Academy. Lillie was portrayed holding a Guernsey Lily in the painting rather than a Jersey lily, as none was available during the sittings. She became much sought after in London society, and invitations flooded in. Her fame soon reached royal ears. Royal mistress Edward Prince of Wales arranged to sit next to her at a dinner party on 24 May 1877. Her husband was seated at the other end of the table. Though he was married to Princess Alexandra and had six children, Edward was a well-known philanderer. He became infatuated with Lillie and she became his semi-official mistress. Lillie induced the same sort of hysteria as is today associated with the most famous film stars and pop stars. The press, the gossips, the fans and her critics all waited to see what she was going to do next, they couldn't get enough of the girl from Jersey. George Bernard Shaw said: "I resent Mrs Langtry, she has no right to be intelligent, daring and independent, as well as lovely. It is a frightening combination of attributes." Oscar Wilde, in his flamboyant style, said of her: "I would rather have discovered Lillie Langtry than America." He paraded the streets with bunches of lilies, proclaiming that he was going to meet the new Helen of Troy. News of Lillie reached the long suffering Princess Alexandra with whom eventually Lillie developed a respectful and affectionate relationship. On the insistence of the Prince, Mrs Langtry was presented at court to his mother, Queen Victoria. Lillie's mischievous humour was evident as she wore a head dress of three huge white ostrich feathers in her hair (The Prince of Wales own emblem). It was not reported whether Victoria was amused or not, but she personally removed a picture of Lillie from above the bed her youngest son Prince Leopold. The affair lasted from late 1877 to June 1880. Edward had the Red House (now Langtry Manor Hotel) constructed in Bournemouth in 1877 as a private retreat for the couple. He allowed Lillie to design it


What historical period is commonly dated from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the rise of nation-states and the beginnings of European overseas expansion?

European Empire (Caribbean Empire) | Future | Fandom powered by Wikia European Empire (Caribbean Empire) English, Spanish, Italian, French, German, Dutch, etc. Capital United States of America (formally) and the Caribbean Empire Internet TLD Drives on the Right Europe, officially The European Empire, is modeled after the Roman Empire. It was the size of Italy until Bavaria took some of Austria and East Germany took the part of the Czech Republic. The E.E. came into existance on December 4, 2021. Austria and Czech Republic joined Italy and it became the European Empire. Then, Slovenia and Hungary joined too under the threat of Bavaria. Then the empire took control of Europe. The current leader is European Emperor Giorgi I. Its capital is Rome. [ show ] History The history of Europe covers the people inhabiting the European continent since it was first populated in prehistoric times to the present, with the first Homo sapiens arriving between 45,000 and 25,000 BC. The earliest settlers to Prehistoric Europe came during the paleolithic era. The arrival of agriculture around 7000 BC ushered in the neolithic age. Neolithic Europe lasted for 4000 years, overlapping with metal-using cultures that gradually spread throughout the continent. Technological advances during the prehistoric age tended to arrive from the Middle East, spreading gradually to the northwest. Some of the best-known civilizations of prehistoric Europe were the Minoan and the Mycenaean, which flourished during the Bronze Age until they collapsed in a short period of time around 1200 BC. Europe depicted by Antwerp cartographer Abraham Ortelius in 1595 The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. Northern and western Europe were dominated by the La Tène culture, a precursor to the Celts. Rome, a small city-state traditionally founded in 753 BC, would grow to become the Roman Republic in 509 BC and would succeed Greek culture as the dominant Mediterranean civilization. The events during the rule of Julius Caesar led to reorganization of the Republic into the Roman Empire. This empire was later divided by the emperor Diocletian into the Western and Eastern empires. During the 4th and 5th centuries, the Germanic peoples of northern Europe grew in strength and repeated attacks led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages, the Eastern Roman Empire survived, though modern historians refer to this state as the Byzantine Empire. In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire and established kingdoms and empires of their own. Of all of the Germanic peoples, the Franks would rise to a position of hegemony over western Europe, the Frankish Empire reaching its peak under Charlemagne around AD 800. This empire was later divided into several parts; West Francia would evolve into the Kingdom of France, while East Francia would evolve into the Holy Roman Empire, a precursor to modern Germany. The British Isles were the site of several large-scale migrations. Native Celtic peoples had been marginalized during the period of Roman Britain, and when the Romans abandoned the British Isles during the 400s, waves of Germanic Anglo-Saxons migrated to southern Britain and established a series of petty kingdoms in what would eventually develop into the Kingdom of England by AD 927. During this period, the kingdoms of Poland and Hungary were organized as well. The Viking Age, a period of migrations of Scandinavian peoples, dominated the period from the late 700s to the middle 1000s. Chief among the Viking states was the Empire of Cnut the Great, a Danish leader who would become king of England, Denmark, and Norway. The Normans, a Viking people who settled in Northern France and founded the Duchy of Normandy, would have a signi


What old English unit equalling inch (8.46 mm) is the base for the English and the US shoe sizing system?

Kollache | eBay Stores Deriving the shoe size Foot versus shoe and last The length of a foot is commonly defined as the distance between two parallel lines that are perpendicular to the foot and in contact with the most prominent toe and the most prominent part of the heel. Foot length is measured with the subject standing barefoot and the weight of the body equally distributed on both feet.  The size of the left and right foot is often slightly different. In this case, both feet are measured, and the shoe size is based upon the larger foot.  Each size of shoe is suitable for a small interval of foot lengths. The inner cavity of a shoe must typically be 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) longer than the foot, but this relation varies between different types of shoes.  There are three characteristic lengths that a shoe-size system can refer to: The median length of feet for which a shoe is suitable.For customers, this measure has the advantage of being directly related to their body measures. It applies equally to any type, form, or material of shoe. However, this measure is less popular with manufacturers,[citation needed] because it requires them to test carefully for each new shoe model, for which range of foot sizes it is recommendable. It puts on the manufacturer the burden of ensuring that the shoe will fit a foot of a given length. The length of the inner cavity of the shoe. This measure has the advantage that it can be measured easily on the finished product. However, it will vary with manufacturing tolerances and provides the customer only very crude information about the range of foot sizes for which the shoe is suitable. The length of the "last," the foot-shaped template over which the shoe is manufactured. This measure is the easiest one for the manufacturer to use, because it identifies only the tool used to produce the shoe. It makes no promise about manufacturing tolerances or for what size of foot the shoe is actually suitable. It leaves all responsibility and risk of choosing the correct size with the customer. Further, the last can be measured in several different ways resulting in different measurements. All these measures differ substantially from one another for the same shoe. Length unit Sizing systems also differ in what units of measurement they use. This also results in different increments between shoe sizes because usually, only "full" or "half" sizes are made. The following length units are commonly used today to define shoe-size systems: The Paris point equals to ⅔ centimetres (6.6 mm or ~0.26 in). Usually, only full sizes are made, resulting in an increment of ⅔ centimetre. This unit is commonly used in Continental Europe. The barleycorn is an old English unit that equals to ⅓ inch (8.46 mm). Half sizes are commonly made, resulting in an increment of 1⁄6 inch (4.23 mm). This unit is the base for the English and the U.S. sizing system. Further, metric measurements in centimetres (cm) or millimetres (mm) are used. The increment is usually 0.5 cm (5 mm or ~0.20 in), which is between the step size of the Parisian and the English system. It is used with the international Mondopoint system and with the Asian system. Due to the different units of measurements, converting between different sizing systems results in round-off errors as well as unusual sizes such as "10⅔". Zero point The sizing systems also place size 0 (or 1) at different locations: If size 0 is placed at a foot's length of 0, the shoe size is directly proportional to the length of the foot in the chosen unit of measurement. Sizes of children's, men's, and women's shoes, as well as sizes of different types of shoes, can be compared directly. This is used with the Mondopoint and the Asian system. However, size 0 can also represent a length of the shoe's inner cavity of 0. The shoe size is then directly proportional to the inner length of the shoe. This is used with systems that also take the measurement from the shoe. While sizes of children's, men's and women's shoes can be compared directly, this is not necessarily true for different types of


The city of Leningrad, Russia, is now known as what?

The History of St. Petersburg, Petrograd, and Leningrad By Matt Rosenberg Updated August 12, 2016. St. Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and it has been known by a few different names. In the over 300 years since it was established, St. Petersburg has also been known as Petrograd and Leningrad, though it's also known as Sankt-Peterburg (in Russian), Petersburg, and just plain Peter. Why all of the names for a single city? To understand the many aliases of St. Petersburg, we need to look at the famous city's history. 1703 - St. Petersburg Peter the Great founded the port city of St. Petersburg on the very western edge of Russia in 1703. Located on the Baltic Sea, he desired to have the new city mirror the great 'Western' cities of Europe where he had traveled while studying in his youth. Amsterdam was one of the primary influences on the czar and the name St. Petersburg has a distinctly Dutch-German influence. 1914 - Petrograd St. Petersburg saw its first name change in 1914 when World War I broke out . The Russians thought that the name sounded too 'German' and it was given a more 'Russian' name. 'Petro' clearing retains the honor to Peter the Great in the city's name. 'grad' is a common suffix used in a number of Russian cities and localities. 1924 - Leningrad Yet, it was only ten years that St. Petersburg was known as Petrograd because in 1917 the Russian Revolution changed everything for the country. At the beginning of the year, the Russian monarchy was overthrown and by year's end, the Bolsheviks took control. This led to the world's first communist government. The Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and in 1922 the Soviet Union was created. After Lenin's death in 1924, Petrograd became known as Leningrad to honor the former leader. 1991 - St. Petersburg Fast forward through almost 70 years of the Communist government to the fall of the USSR. In the years to follow, many places in the country were renamed and Leningrad became St. Petersburg once again. Changing the city name back to its original name did not come without controversy. In 1991, the citizens of Leningrad were given the opportunity to vote on the name change. As reported in the New York Times at the time , there were many opinions throughout the country about the switch. Some people saw a renaming to 'St. Petersburg' as a way to forget the decades of turmoil during Communist rule and an opportunity to reclaim its original Russian heritage. The Bolsheviks, on the other hand, saw the change as an insult to Lenin. In the end, St. Petersburg was returned to its original name. In Russian, it is Sankt-Peterburg and locals call it Petersburg or simply Peter. You will still find some people who refer to the city as Leningrad.


Oenophile - definition of oenophile by The Free Dictionary Oenophile - definition of oenophile by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/oenophile Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . oe·no·phile also e·no·phile  (ē′nə-fīl′) n. One who appreciates, enjoys, or collects wine; a wine connoisseur. [Greek oinos, wine + -phile .] oe′no·phil′i·a (ē′nə-fĭl′ē-ə) n. oe′no·phil′ic (-fĭl′ĭk) adj. oenophile a lover or connoisseur of wines [C20: from Greek oinos wine + -phile] oe•no•phile one who loves or is a connoisseur of wine. [1925–30; < French < Greek oîn(os) wine + -o- -o - + French -phile -phile ] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: appreciator - a person who is fully aware of something and understands it; "he is not an appreciator of our dilemma" Translations oenophile enophile (US) [ˈiːnəʊfaɪl] N → enófilo/a m/f Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: wine References in periodicals archive ? Presented by Dr Andreas Emmanouel -- doctor in viticulture and oenology, president of the Cyprus Oenophile Club, president of the Cyprus Wine Experts Committee and lecturer at the Limassol Institute of Technology -- the series is aimed at those who already known quite a bit about the nectar of the gods, and will focus on the natural cycle of the vine, local varieties and how to taste wine in the proper manner.


How to Make Hard Cider | Homebrew Exchange How to Make Hard Cider Pears In this article, we explain how to brew your own hard apple or pear cider (a.k.a. perry) What to Expect Naturally-made, or craft cider is quite dry. It is not sweet because the yeast, left to do its job, will consume most of the sugar in the juice. Many commercial ciders are "back sweetened". This consists of killing and stabilizing the yeast (using preservatives, heat, and/or filtering), and then adding sugar. Choosing your Juice We will consider using apples (cider) and pears (perry) in this article, but you can use the methods here with other fruit, for example plums. The best cider is made from fresh-pressed fruit. Fresh juice has the brightest flavor. The aromas have not degraded from time or heat (pasteurization). We rent fruit crushers and presses in our store . Another good option is to get freshly-pressed sweet cider from a local orchard. If you get prepared juice, make sure it does not contain preservatives (sorbates, etc.), as they can kill your yeast. Even using store-bought, no-preservative apple juice is a fun way to get introduced to making cider. Some of the best cider we've had has come from customers who select a blend of apples which balance sweetness and tannin content. Tannins give the more tart or bitter fruit their bite. If you use only bland fruit (e.g. very ripe, non-tart apple varieties or bartlett pears), you will have a bland cider. Blend in some more tart fruit. For example, you can add other fruits like raspberries for tartness. Try different apple varieties. We also have some natural additives in our store that can help balance your tartness, bitterness, and sweetness. If you press your own fruit, make sure to use only clean fruit. Clean the outside, cutting away any brown spots. Do not use fruit from the ground. This is less important if you use the heat method below, as the heat will kill most wild yeast and bacteria on the fruit. Equipment To crush your own fruit, we recommend renting a fruit crusher and a press. The crusher chops up and smashes the apples, and then the press extracts the juice. Once you have your juice, you'll need the following items, all available at our store : Fermenter and air lock. Many people use a 6.5 gallon bucket with a lid . Another popular option is a 6 gallon carboy . Sanitizer  (we recommend Star San and a spray bottle ). Yeast: an important choice, check out our yeast recommendations . Yeast nutrient : this is a fermentation secret weapon. Healthy yeast means tasty cider. Recommended: A carboy for secondary fermentation / clearing. Optional: Pectic enzyme (to help clear cloudyness). You want this for option A below. Alternatively, buy a wine kit . Different Options for Brewing When you ferment juice, you want to first kill any wild yeast or bacteria, then add your own yeast. Wild yeasts and bacteria can do all sorts of nasty things, from a slight medicinal flavor, to turning your whole batch into vinegar. If you are using pasteurized juice packaged in sanitary bottles (e.g. the juice in a store that doesn't need refrigeration), you can just sanitize your fermenter very well and use option C (no heat, no sulfites). If you have very clean fruit, you may get away with using option C. We know some very good cider makers to consistently do this. But we've also wasted gallons of cider tasting vinegary this way too. Option A: Use Heat This is the safest method, especially for imperfect fruit. The heat will drive off some of the aroma though. Heat your juice slowly to 165F. Cover with a lid and hold at that temp for 10 minutes. Leave lid on (unless you have a wort chiller, then use that), and cool in the sink in a bath of ice water. When the juice is cooled to 70F continue with Fermentation Directions. Option B: Use Sulfites Since heating fruit degrades the aroma and flavor somewhat, winemakers almost exclusively use campden tablets [wikipedia] , or sulfites, to clean the must before pitching yeast. The procedure here is to crush one campden tablet per gallon of juice (must) and let set for t


What name was given to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France from the 16th to the 18th centuries, many of whom emigrated in the late 17th century, who were inspired by the writings of John Calvin in the 1530s?

1000+ images about De Meaux and Other Areas in France and my Hugenot Ancestors on Pinterest | Edict of nantes, Louis xiv and Frances o'connor Forward The Edict of Nantes, signed by Henry IV in April, 1598, ended the Wars of Religion, and allowed the Huguenots some religious freedoms, including free exercise of their religion in 20 specified towns of France. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in October, 1685, began anew persecution of the Huguenots, and hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled France to other countries. See More


Which cartoon character was born at the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm?

TV ACRES: Dogs > Cartoon Canines > Snoopy (Charlie Brown/Peanuts)>   Cartoon Canines Snoopy -    White beagle with black ears created by cartoonist Charles M. Schultz for    his popular comic strip Peanuts which debuted on October 2, 1950. Snoopy lives in small wooden doghouse (he loves to lay on top of it)    located in the backyard of Charlie Brown's house. He was born at the Daisy    Hill Puppy Farm and is the Walter Mitty of the animal world, always    dreaming of great adventures. His imagination ran the gambit from being a world's famous quarterback    tossing a record breaking pass; a World War I pilot challenging the Red    Baron in a Sopwith Camel airplane; a beagle scout leading a group of    intrepid hikers; Joe Cool, a BMOC (big man on campus) who wears    sunglasses; and even a world famous novelist writing such wonderful verse    as "It was a dark and stormy night." Snoopy hated coconut and got claustrophobia in the weeds. For fun,    Snoopy slurped the face of a loudmouth girl named Lucy who would run away    screaming "Dog germs!" Snoopy (one of eight in a litter) sometimes interacted with his canine    brothers Spike, Marbles, Olaf and his sister Belle. Another acquaintance    was a tiny bird named Woodstock who followed Snoopy around to caddy his    golf game, among other activities. The Snoopy character was inspired by Spike, a black and white family    pet given to Charles M. Schulz when he was thirteen-years-old. Snoopy has appeared on such TV cartoon specials as It A Great    Pumpkin, Charlie Brown (1966), He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown (1968), Snoopy Come Home (1972), Its the Easter Beagle, Charlie    Brown (1974) and the cartoon series CHARLIE BROWN AND SNOOPY/CBS/1985. TRIVIA NOTE: Baron Manfred von    Richthofen (a.k.a. "The Red Baron") was a top flying ace of the German air    force during World War I. He flew 80 successful missions over Europe in    his red Fokker tri-plane. Inspired by Snoopy's encounters with this famed    aviator, the musical group the Royal Guardsman recorded the hit record "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron" in the 1960s. The 1969 Apollo 10 lunar module    was named "Snoopy." External Links


"Sheep are aged by their teeth and are referred to by the number of permanent incisors that have erupted. About how old is a ""four-tooth""?"

from lamb to hogget to mutton - lifestyleblock discussion forums - LSB from lamb to hogget to mutton from lamb to hogget to mutton dylan.j.p Thank you received: 0 09 May 2006 22:43 #5029 by dylan.j.p can anyone give me an approximate timeline for these different ages & what a good liveweight would be for each oneso it would be worth filling my freezer.much appreciated[:I][ ] Please Log in or Create an account to join the conversation. Jack 09 May 2006 23:00 #97661 by Jack Gidday Welcome to this place Dylan. I think this depends a bit on where in the country you are. Some places they say a lamb turns into a hogget in the autumn and some when the next years lambs are born. I have even heard it said that when the lambs are shorn they become hoggets because hogget wool is that which the lamb curl has been previously shorn off, and I have seen the shearing time to vary by up to 9 months. But mutton is normally when the get their first two teeth up. The two tooth is in my opinion by far the best meat for your freezer too. Now if that hasn't confused you, the chances are that I am about to be contradicted too. Please Log in or Create an account to join the conversation. Ronney 09 May 2006 23:18 #97662 by Ronney Hi Dylan and welcome to the site. Not going to contradict you Jack;) Traditionally, last years lamb becomes a hogget when the first lamb of this year is born. The works will still accept them as lambs regardless of their actual age if they still have their baby teeth so it can all get a bit confusing. For your purposes, at a year old it is a hogget, at two years old it is a two tooth and counted as mutton. Like Jack, I prefer an older sheep for flavour. I wouldn't have a clue about weights. I've never weighed them, if they look good, into the freezer they go. Cheers, Please Log in or Create an account to join the conversation. Kilmoon Thank you received: 14 10 May 2006 09:29 #97679 by Kilmoon Got to agree with Jack and Ronney about the ages and as to when you want to put them in the freezer... ...well we prefer the stronger meat flavour (lamb meat is really insipid), so the older the better. As for when exactly they go in the freezer, we work on the following: - All whethers in their second spring/summer, after they have fattened up so to speak (ie born spring and taken through to the next spring/summer) - Any ewes that have for some reason not got in lamb (these could be any age and records are a must here, we had one that had never produced over 4 years. It wasn't until we checked the records that we noted that and fixed it...but she was a very nice size for the freezer ) - Older ewes that are being replaced with younger 2tooths. Be harsh here, just because they have a personality and follow you around, and that you have given them a name and they come when called doesn't mean that they skip the date with the freezer. In fact its always nice to know who your eating...so when asked what we are having for dinner I usually respond with: Roast of Juju, Chop alla BlackBum, Curry alla Tatty and so forth. Very embarrassing with one woman who asked for the receipe for Roast of Juju! So its entirely up to you. Please Log in or Create an account to join the conversation. Dura Thank you received: 0 10 May 2006 14:39 #97718 by Dura Yes, I agree with Jack and Ronney about the Lamb and hoggart ages. But I don't eat sheep - I'm a beef girl. But looking at my notes from my animal care course (which included ruminants) - these ages stated above are correct. My notes do show some "recommended" weights though - if they are any help.... it says 20-25kg at weaning, 35kg in Autumn and 40kg in spring and 55kg at mating which is your 2-tooth. Leigh-Anne Bowman Please Log in or Create an account to join the conversation. Will 10 May 2006 21:46 #97789 by Will A lamb is up to 6 months. A hogget is the second six months. A two tooth is at one year, as that is when the two teeth appear. A four tooth is two year. A six tooth is three year. Eight teeth is four year, or full mouth, and after that it is full and failing. Please Log in or Crea


Which island was a major exporter of phosphate from 1907 until deposits ran out in the 1980s, and had the highest per-capita income of any sovereign state in the world during the late 1960s and early 1970s?

Nauru / the Republic of Nauru /the Pleasant Island/ the South Pacific. - YouTube Nauru / the Republic of Nauru /the Pleasant Island/ the South Pacific. Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Mar 20, 2010 Nauru / the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island nation in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbor is Banaba Island in Kiribati, 300 km to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest island nation, covering just 21 square kilometres (8.1 square miles). Settled by Micronesian and Polynesian people, Nauru was annexed and claimed as a colony by the German Empire in the late 19th century. After World War I, Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. During World War II, Nauru was occupied by Japanese troops who were bypassed by the Allied advance across the Pacific, and after the war ended, it entered into trusteeship again. Nauru was declared independent in 1968. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, Nauru was a "rentier state". Nauru is a phosphate rock island, with deposits close to the surface, which allow for simple strip mining operations. This island was a major exporter of phosphate starting in 1907, when the Pacific Phosphate Company began mining there, through the formation of the British Phosphate Commission in 1919, and continuing after independence. This gave Nauru back full control of its minerals under the Nauru Phosphate Corporation, until the deposits ran out during the 1980s.[4] For this reason, Nauru briefly boasted the highest per-capita income enjoyed by any sovereign state in the world during the late 1960s and early 1970s. When the phosphate reserves were exhausted, and the environment had been seriously harmed by mining, the trust established to manage the island's wealth became greatly reduced in value. To earn income, the government resorted to unusual measures. In the 1990s, Nauru briefly became a tax haven and illegal money laundering center. From 2001 to 2008, it accepted aid from the Australian government in exchange for housing an immigration detention center that held and processed illegal immigrants who had tried to enter Australia. From December 2005 to September 2006, Nauru became partially isolated from the outside world when Air Nauru, the only airline with service to the island, ceased to operate. The only outside access to Nauru was then by ocean-going ships. The airline was able to restart operations under the name Our Airline with monetary aid from Taiwan. The island has one sole airport; Nauru International Airport. On 15 December 2009 Nauru became the fourth country to recognise Abkhazia and on 16 December recognised South Ossetia,regions of Georgia which had been de facto independent since the early 1990s and were recognised as such by Russia after the brief Russia-Georgia summer war of 2008. Reports suggest that this decision netted Nauru Russian aid of around US$50,000,000. Category


Thomas Cranmer held what position during the reign of Henry VIII, between 3 December 1533 and 4 December 1555?

Thomas Cranmer | Religion-wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] Early years (1489–1527) Cranmer was born in 1489 in Aslockton in Nottinghamshire, England . [1] His parents, Thomas and Agnes (née Hatfield) Cranmer, were of modest wealth and were not members of the aristocracy. Their oldest son, John, inherited the family estate, whereas Thomas and his younger brother Edmund were placed on the path to a clerical career. [2] Cranmer’s early schooling remains a mystery. He probably attended a grammar school in his village. At the age of fourteen, two years after the death of his father, he was sent to the newly created Jesus College, Cambridge. [3] It took him a surprisingly long eight years to reach his Bachelor of Arts degree following a curriculum of logic, classical literature, and philosophy. During this time he began to collect medieval scholastic books, which he preserved faithfully throughout his life. [4] For his Master’s degree, he took a different course of study, concentrating on the humanists, Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples and Erasmus. This time he progressed with no special delay, finishing the course in three years. Shortly after receiving his Master of Arts degree in 1515, he was elected to a Fellowship of Jesus College. [5] Sometime after Cranmer took his MA, he married a woman named Joan. Although he was not yet a priest, he was forced to forfeit his fellowship, resulting in the loss of his residence at Jesus College. In order to support himself and his wife, he took a job as a reader at another college. When Joan died during her first childbirth, Jesus College showed its regard for Cranmer by reinstating his fellowship. He began studying theology and by 1520 he had received holy orders, the university already having named him as one of their preachers. He received his doctorate of divinity in 1526. [6] Not much is known about Cranmer’s thoughts and experiences during his three decades at Cambridge. Traditionally, he has been portrayed as a humanist whose enthusiasm for biblical scholarship prepared him for the adoption of Lutheran ideas, which were spreading during the 1520s. However, a study of his marginalia reveals an early antipathy to Martin Luther and an admiration for Erasmus. [7] When Cardinal Wolsey, the king's Lord Chancellor, selected several Cambridge scholars, including Edward Lee, Stephen Gardiner, and Richard Sampson, to be diplomats throughout Europe, Cranmer was chosen to take a minor role in the English embassy in Spain. In two recently discovered letters by Cranmer, an early encounter between Cranmer and the king, Henry VIII of England was revealed. Upon Cranmer's return from Spain in June 1527, he was given a personal half-hour long interview with the king, whom he described as "the kindest of princes". [8] In the service of Henry VIII (1527–1532) Henry VIII's first marriage had its origins in 1502 when his elder brother, Arthur, died. Henry VII then betrothed Arthur's widow, Catherine of Aragon, to the future king. The betrothal immediately raised questions related to the Biblical prohibition (in Leviticus 18 and 20) against marriage to a deceased brother’s wife. The couple married in 1509 and after a series of miscarriages, a daughter, Mary, was born in 1516. By the 1520s, Henry still did not have a son to name as heir and he took this as a sure sign of God’s anger and made overtures to the Vatican about an annulment . [9] He gave Cardinal Wolsey the task of prosecuting his case; Wolsey began by consulting university experts. From 1527, in addition to his duties as a Cambridge don, Cranmer assisted with the annulment proceedings. [10] In the summer of 1529, Cranmer stayed with relatives in Waltham Holy Cross to avoid an outbreak of the plague in Cambridge. Two Cambridge associates, Stephen Gardiner and Edward Foxe, joined him. The three discussed the annulment issue and Cranmer suggested putting aside the legal case in Rome in favour of a general canvassing of opinions from university theologians throughout Europe. Henry showed much interest in the idea when Gardiner and Foxe presented


"What is the legal tender (face) value of the ""American Buffalo"", a 24-karat gold bullion coin first offered for sale by the US Mint on 22 June 2006?"

Buy 2017 Gold Buffalo Coins | Golden Eagle Coins Location: Buy Gold → American Gold Buffalo Coins → Uncirculated Gold Buffalo Coins Uncirculated Gold Buffalo Coins The American Buffalo, also known as a Gold Buffalo Coin, is a 24-karat gold bullion coin first offered for sale by the United States Mint on June 22, 2006. This was the first time ever that the United States Government has minted pure (.9999) 24-karat gold coins for the public. The coin has a legal tender (face) value of US$50. On the American Buffalo coin, the mound area of the reverse with the words FIVE CENTS has been changed to read $50 1 OZ. .9999 FINE GOLD. Also, the motto IN GOD WE TRUST, appearing on all U.S. gold coins since 1908, can be seen on the reverse to the left of and beneath the buffalo head. Market Summary


What is the next in this series: 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians ... ?

48 - Bible 1 Year - 2 Corinthians - Galatians - Ephesians: Saved by Grace - YouTube 48 - Bible 1 Year - 2 Corinthians - Galatians - Ephesians: Saved by Grace Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 23, 2014 Read the Bible in a Year - 2 Corinthians - Galatians - Ephesians Saved by Grace Alone For more information email: biblereading.1year@gmail.com Category When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. Up next 49 - Bible 1 Year - Philippians, Colossians, 1&2 Thessalonians, 1&2 Timothy - Duration: 3:50. Bible 1 Year 61 views 3:50 47 - Bible 1 Year - Romans & 1 Corinthians: The Greatest of these is Love - Duration: 3:49. Bible 1 Year 45 views 3:49 50 - Bible 1 Year - Titus, Philemon & Hebrews: Jesus the Author & Finisher of Our Faith - Duration: 3:49. Bible 1 Year 57 views 3:49


"During a speech in January 1992, then-president George H. W. Bush mentioned that he wanted to ""make American families a lot more like ... which family? ... and a lot less like the Simpsons""."

The Waltons : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki More info on The Waltons   Wikis       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics For other uses, see The Waltons (disambiguation) . The Waltons Title Screen from Season 1 Genre 221 + 7 TV movies ( List of episodes ) Production Original run September 14, 1972 – June 4, 1981 The Waltons is an American television series created by Earl Hamner, Jr. , based on his book Spencer's Mountain , and a 1963 film of the same name , starring Henry Fonda and Maureen O'Hara . The show centered on the titular family growing up in a rural Virginia community during the Great Depression and World War II . The series pilot was a television movie entitled The Homecoming: A Christmas Story, broadcast in 1971. The show originally aired on CBS from 1972 to 1981. After the series left the air, three television movie sequels were broadcast in 1982, with three more following in the 1990s. The Waltons was produced by Lorimar Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution in syndication. Contents 12 External links Inspiration Earl Hamner's rural childhood growing up in the unincorporated community of Schuyler , Virginia provided the basis for many of the storylines of The Waltons. The setting of the series was referred to as Walton's Mountain. The closest town, Rockfish, Virginia , is frequently mentioned on the show, as is Charlottesville, Virginia . Plot Setting The show takes place in Walton's Mountain, a fictional town in Virginia . Walton's Mountain was based upon creator Earl Hamner Jr. 's hometown of Schuyler in Nelson County south of Charlottesville, Virginia . His family and the community provided many life experiences which aided in the characters, values, area, and human-interest stories of his books, movies, and television series. While Walton's Mountain itself is fictional, Schuyler and surrounding area bear a striking resemblance. A small museum is located in a former school building at Schuyler, not far from State Route 6 . The Walton Mountain Country Store in Nelson County, Virginia John-Boy Walton's fictional alma mater , Boatwright University, is patterned after Richmond College, which became part of the University of Richmond on Boatwright Drive, near Westham Station in The West End of Richmond, Virginia , about 70 miles east of Schuyler. The University of Richmond also has a Boatwright Library and is also located not far from State Route 6 . Story The Walton family, consisting of John and Olivia, their seven children, and John's parents Zebulon "Zeb" Tyler and Esther Walton, struggle to make a decent life during the Great Depression and World War II . The family's story is seen primarily through the eyes of John Boy, the eldest son and an aspiring journalist and novelist, who serves as narrator. John Walton and his father operate a lumber mill, with the Walton sons helping out in the business as they grow older. Occasional strangers needing temporary shelter for various reasons periodically stay with the hospitable Walton family. The mountain also sustains the livelihoods of a handful of colorful townsfolk, including the Baldwin sisters (two elderly spinsters who distill moonshine that they naively and endearingly call "Papa's recipe" or "the recipe"); general store owners/postmen Ike and Cora Beth Godsey (a distant Walton cousin); Sheriff Ep Bridges; Verdie Foster (a hardworking black woman); and Yancy Tucker (a chicken thief and handyman with big plans but little motivation). In the signature scene that closes every episode, the family house is enveloped in darkness, save for a light in an upstairs window. Through voice-overs , two or more characters have a very brief conversation, often humorous and related to the episode, and then bid each other good-night. (e.g. "Good night, Mary Ellen." "Good night, John Boy.".) After completing high school, John Boy attends (fictional)


What device is designed to measure a gravitational field and changes to it?

Tiny gravity sensor could detect drug tunnels, mineral deposits | Science | AAAS Tiny gravity sensor could detect drug tunnels, mineral deposits By Sid Perkins Mar. 30, 2016 , 1:00 PM A new device the size of a postage stamp can detect 1-part-per-billion changes in Earth’s gravitational field—equivalent to what the gizmo would experience if it were lifted a mere 3 millimeters. The technology may become so cheap and portable it could one day be mounted on drones to spot everything from hidden drug tunnels to valuable mineral deposits. Gravity’s force is nearly the same everywhere on Earth. But there can be minute fluctuations, based on the density of the rock or other material below. Distance from Earth’s core, which varies according to altitude, also affects the magnitude of our planet’s gravitational attraction. Most devices that measure these gravitational differences, called gravimeters, are based on two principles: They either measure the time it takes an object to fall a certain distance, or they measure the distance that a certain weight stretches a spring. (The stronger the force of gravity, the faster an object will fall, and the farther it will stretch a mass hanging by a spring.) In either case, state-of-the-art gravimeters cost more than $100,000 and are the size and weight of a car battery or larger—all of which severely limits their uses, says Giles Hammond, a physicist at the University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom. Although portable, current devices—some of which weigh as much as 150 kilograms—can’t easily fit in many places scientists would like to use them or be readily carried to remote locations or mounted on small drones. So Hammond and his colleagues set out to build a smaller, cheaper spring-based gravimeter. The heart of their device is a postage stamp–sized bit of silicon; it’s carved so that in its center there’s a 25-milligram bit of material left suspended by three stiff, fiberlike structures that are each about 5 micrometers across (less than one-third the diameter of the finest human hair). Together, these act as the spring. As the gravitational field surrounding the device changes—such as it would if it passed over a large underground cavern or a dense deposit of minerals, because of the sudden change of density in the underlying rocks—the tiny bit of silicon bobs up and down in response to that change,  Hammond says. Those movements are tracked by monitoring the silicon’s shadow as it moves across a light detector. The team’s gravimeter is so sensitive it can track the up-and-down motions of Earth’s surface caused by the changing positions of the sun and moon , the researchers report online today in Nature. (These so-called “Earth tides” occur and are measurable, but they are much smaller than those seen in the seas because rock is stiffer than water.) For now, Hammond’s team has proven the device’s worth in the lab. Doing so in the field will be challenging, says Hazel Rymer, a volcanologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, U.K. But if successful, the availability of gravimeters that are cheaper and much more portable than today’s equipment “will be a game-changer,” she notes. Researchers could deploy networks of the tiny gravimeters to monitor the movements of magma within and underneath volcanoes, possibly discerning the magnitudes and patterns of flows in advance of an eruption, for example. Or they could mount them on drones and use them to search for underground voids that could eventually evolve into sinkholes, or for humanmade structures such as tunnels used to smuggle drugs. They could also help prospect for mineral deposits that are denser than the surrounding rock, thus affecting the local gravitational field, says Tim Niebauer, a physicist and president of Micro-g LaCoste, a Lafayette, Colorado–based company that manufactures a variety of gravimeters. Or, he notes, a string of the devices—especially ones that had parts-per-billion accuracy and could withstand high temperatures and pressures—could be fed down a borehole to monitor widespread changes in the amount of w


What nationality is Justine Henin, winner of 7 Grand Slam singles titles and an Olympic gold medal, who retired from professional tennis in 2008 when ranked World No. 1 and returned in 2010?

Justine Henin (Tennis Pro) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Justine Henin Belgian Tennis Player Female Justine Henin, known as Justine Henin-Hardenne between 2002 and 2007, is a Belgian retired professional tennis player and former World No. 1. Henin won 43 WTA singles titles and seven Grand Slam singles titles, including four French Open titles, one Australian Open title, and two US Open titles. She has also won the year-ending Sony Ericsson Championships twice and the singles gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.…  Read More related links Henin, Safin Ushered Into International Tennis Hall Of Fame Yahoo News - Jul 16, 2016 ' (Reuters) - Justine Henin, a shy, petite Belgian with a fierce desire to win, and big-serving Russian Marat Safin were honored as the new inductees into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island on Saturday. Seven-times grand slam singles winner Henin and twice grand slam champion Safin were joined in the festivities by France\'s Amelie Mauresmo, who won election last year but was unable to attend induction ceremonies due to the birth of her son. Henin, 34,... Henin, Safin, Sukova Nominated For Hall Of Fame Yahoo News - Oct 23, 2015 ' Former world number ones Justine Henin and Marat Safin and long-time doubles standout Helena Sukova were among five nominees to the International Tennis Hall of Fame announced Friday. The only other nominations for the Class of 2016 were posthumous nods for Yvon Petra, a 1940s French standout, and 1930s British champion Margaret Scriven. Belgium\'s Henin, 33, won seven Grand Slam singles titles, including four French Opens, two US Opens and an Australian Open crown. ' Lisicki's Wimbledon Run Reaches Final Huffington Post Sports - Jul 04, 2013 '\n     LONDON -- Sabine Lisicki advanced to her first Wimbledon final a couple of hours after Marion Bartoli reached her second. \n\n Lisicki, a 2011 semifinalist at the All England Club, beat fourth-seeded Agnieszka Radwanska 6-4, 2-6, 9-7 Thursday on Centre Court, overpowering her opponent at the start and then hanging on at the end. \n     \"I just fought with all my heart,\" Lisicki said. \"I believed that I could still win no matter what the score was.\" \n\n Bartoli took contro... Net It Be For Born Again Li Na Fox News - Jul 03, 2013 ' Li Na confessed she is a convert to serve-and-volley tennis and has vowed to take her new-found skills at the net with her into the US hard court season. The Chinese number one tried out the tactics at Wimbledon and though it did not get her into the semi-finals, the 31-year-old is keen to prove she can mix it with the best of them in the dying art. The 2011 French Open champion is going to take a month off recuperating after her Wimbledon exploits, freshening up to tackle the run-up ahea... Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Justine Henin. CHILDHOOD 1982 Birth Born on June 1, 1982. 1992 10 Years Old Henin's mother routinely took the young Henin across the border to France to watch the French Open. Henin saw the 1992 final involving her idol Steffi Graf and Monica Seles. … Read More Although Graf lost, the experience impressed Henin. Since then, Henin idolizes Graf as her role model. Read Less TEENAGE 1995 - 1998 3 More Events 1995 13 Years Old In 1995, shortly after her mother's death, Henin met her coach Carlos RodrÃguez who guided her career both before her retirement in 2008 and during her 2010 comeback. … Read More Following a conflict between Justine and her father over her tennis career and her relationship with Pierre-Yves Hardenne, RodrÃguez soon became not only her trainer but in some ways a second father figure. Read Less 1997 15 Years Old Henin, known as "Juju" to many of her fans, was coached by Carlos RodrÃguez of Argentina. In 1997, she won the junior girl's singles title at the French Open. 1998 16 Years Old Early in her senior career, she regularly reached the late rounds of international competitions and won five International Tennis Federation tournaments by the end of 1998. 1999 17 Years Old


Which colony centred at Fort Christina (now in Wilmington, Delaware) that included parts of the now US states of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania was established in 1638, and in 1655 surrendered and was taken over by the Dutch?

Chapter 5 - New Sweden on the Delaware Chapter 5 - New Sweden on the Delaware Main Menu CHAPTER V NEW SWEDEN ON THE DELAWARE SWEDEN was now to become the competitor of France, and England, and Holland for a foothold in North America. The liberal mind of Gustavus Adolphus early discerned the benefits to his people of colonies and an expanded commerce; and William Usselinx, the projector of the Dutch West India Company, visiting the Baltic, quickened the zeal of the sagacious sovereign. Turning to Sweden and contemplating the complex beginning of her colonization project, which resulted in the planting of the first permanent organized settlement on the Delaware, in 1638 Christinaham, the site of which is now embraced in the city of Wilmington, one of the most noteworthy and curious facts, which presents itself to the student, is, that the three individuals chiefly instrumental in accomplishing that work were men who had already become prominent in the Dutch colonial enterprises. These were William Usselinx, Peter Minuit and Samuel Blommaert names with which the reader of the preceding chapter is already familiar, knowing them to have been respectively those of the first projector of the Dutch West India Company, in 1621; a Governor of New Netherlands and a patroon proprietor of great land tracts on the Delaware, one of which included the site of the unfortunate colony of Zwaanendael, upon the Hoornkill. Usselinx, as has been shown, left Holland late in 1623 or early in 1624, impoverished and stung by the ingratitude of the Dutch. He went immediately to Sweden and there made, through Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna, to King Gustavus Adolphus, the, then, most commanding figure in Europe and the chief defender of Protestantism, a proposition to establish a Swedish Trading Company to operate in Asia, Africa and America, but to especially direct its energies to the latter. Both King and Chancellor embraced the enthusiast's project, with alacrity, and their interest and assistance knew no abatement, save through the pecuniary embarrassments, political changes and wars which unfortunately ensued. Usselinx, in urging all the advantages that might accrue to the nation and individuals by the enterprise, stated that there were thousands of miles of shore in America where no Spaniards or Dutch had ever been, with fertile soil, and good climate, to the natives of which their superfluous goods could be sent and from whom other goods taken in return: that colonies might be planted on these shores to the great benefit of the mother country and vastly extending His Majesty's dominions, and that the causes of civilization and Christianity might be greatly advanced. "Above all," said he:      "It must truly be said that the most important object at which all pious Christians should aim, is that a knowledge of and friendship with so many different nations must serve most powerfully to the honor of God, which is effected partly by preaching the beatifying word of our Lord Jesus Christ to those nations who have hitherto lived in blindness, idolatry, and wickedness, so they will be brought to the light of truth and eternal salvation. In those countries where trade had hitherto been carried on, the natives, for want of a mild government, had been in a great part extirpated, and those that remained so much oppressed that life had become a burden to them."* For the settlement of such a company as Usselinx proposed the King granted letters patent, dated November 10, 1624, creating the Swedish South Sea Company which it was provided, should go into operation May 1, 1625, and continue twelve years, or until 1637. On the 21st day of the next month Gustavus Adolphus authorized Usselinx to travel through the kingdom and solicit subscribers to the stock of the Company and gave him a kind of general letter of recommendation in which he said:      "The honest and prudent William Usselinx has humbly represented and demonstrated to us by what means a General Trading Company could be established here in our kingdom. We have taken his proposition into consideration


Which cartoon series relies on the voices of Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, Mila Kunis & Mike Henry?

Amazon.com: Family Guy, Volume Ten: Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, Mila Kunis, Mike Henry, Pete Michels, Greg Colton, Cyndi Tang-Loveland, Dominic Polcino: Movies & TV Movies & TV Free Shipping for Prime Members | Fast, FREE Shipping with Amazon Prime In Stock. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. Gift-wrap available. Family Guy, Volume Ten             has been added to your Cart Add to Cart Want it tomorrow, Jan. 6? Order within and choose One-Day Shipping at checkout. Details Ship to: Please enter a valid US zip code. Please enter a valid US zip code. Shipping to a APO/FPO/DPO? Please add the address to your address book. Make sure you include the unit and box numbers (if assigned). or FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details Used: Very Good | Details Fulfilled by Amazon Condition: Used: Very Good Comment: 100% guaranteed delivery with Fulfillment By Amazon. AS WITH ALL OUR PRODUCTS, AMAZON'S WARRANTY PROTECTS YOU! All discs are included in the set. Appears to have been played once and put away. Disc is in EXCELLENT condition. Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. Something we hope you'll especially enjoy: FBA items qualify for FREE Shipping and . If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you increase your sales. We invite you to learn more about Fulfillment by Amazon . Add to Cart Sorry, there was a problem. There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. Please try again. Sorry, there was a problem. List unavailable. Get up to a $0.69 Gift Card. & FREE Shipping on eligible orders. Details Sold by: youlikethat & FREE Shipping on eligible orders. Details Sold by: greatbooks3000 Have one to sell? Sell on Amazon Image Unavailable Sorry, this item is not available in Image not available To view this video download Flash Player      Family Guy, Volume Ten Unlimited Streaming with Amazon Prime Start your 30-day free trial to stream thousands of movies & TV shows included with Prime. Start your free trial See all buying options $9.99 Free Shipping for Prime Members | Fast, FREE Shipping with Amazon Prime In Stock. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com.              Gift-wrap available. Frequently Bought Together Add all three to Cart Add all three to List These items are shipped from and sold by different sellers. Show details Buy the selected items together This item:Family Guy, Volume Ten by Seth MacFarlane DVD $9.99 In Stock. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details Family Guy, Volume Nine by Seth MacFarlane DVD $10.74 Only 6 left in stock. Sold by the_dvd_warehouse and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Page 1 of 1 Start over Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . Ad feedback Special Offers and Product Promotions Save Big On Open-Box & Pre-owned: Buy "Family Guy, Volume Tenâ from Amazon Warehouse Deals and save 58% off the $19.98 list price. Product is eligible for Amazon's 30-day returns policy and Prime or FREE Shipping. See all Open-Box & Pre-owned offers from Amazon Warehouse Deals. Editorial Reviews Product Description Get more Big Bang for your buck when you bring home this hilarious collection of 14 Family Guy episodes, in which Peter needs a new kidney, Lois becomes a boxing champ, Chris finds a new hobby, and Brian and Stewie unravel the space-time continuum in an e


"Who is the bulldog who appears in ""Tom and Jerry"" cartoons?"

Spike Bulldog | Tom and Jerry Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Tom and Jerry Wiki For other uses, see the disambiguation page for Spike . Spike Bulldog is a grey, rough bulldog that appears in many of Tom and Jerry cartoons. He has a somewhat minor friendship with Jerry and is a formidable enemy to Tom , though he is occasionally is a rival to both protagonists, as he was in the cartoon Dog Trouble . Spike has a grudge against Tom, not just because he's a cat, but because whenever they cross paths, Tom is interrupting quality time with his son, Tyke because he's too busy chasing Jerry to watch where he's going. Obviously, whenever Spike tells Tom not to do a certain thing (ex. dirty Tyke), Jerry overhears this and does his best to get Tom in trouble (in the example, Jerry would get Tyke as dirty as possible). Spike proceeds to beat Tom up thinking he was responsible for it. After Spike beats Tom, he is shown having a good time or resting peacefully with his son tyke and they are joined by Jerry their real saboteur, disturber and culprit who was really the one that Spike should beat up. Spike also appeared in some of the recent cartoons featuring a basset hound called  Droopy , another popular MGM cartoon character. Spike (and his son, Tyke) is most likely a secondary or even major character, as he has appeared in almost all renditions of Tom and Jerry's cartoons. Contents [ show ] Appearance Spike has brownish-grey fur with a light brown marking that spans up the front of his torso. In many cartoons, his fur is light grey, while his marking is white. His ears are pointed with pink insides and his tail is slender, small, and pointed as well. His only consistent article of clothing is a red, spiked dog collar. He has a anchored tattoo on his left upper arm as seen in " Quiet Please! ".


What name was applied to lightly-armed Russian horsemen?

History of the Cossacks - text in English Face Music - History of the Cossacks History of the Cossacks Old Believer - Raskolniks more information History of the Cossacks - in German The Cossackdom constitutes one of the most original and significant appearances of Russian history. In the 16th century Cossack communities developed in the southwest, southern and southeast, in the region of Moscow, in the Belarus and the Ukraine. They accomplished a great deal for Russia with the colonisation of conquered territories and the defense of the same. They also influenced the state's interior law-and-order and the historical evaluation of the country. Sometimes, the Cossacks are considered to be the direct descendants of the non-Slavian tribes (Khasares, Cossogens, Tcherkesses, a.o.), who settled in some of the areas of southern Russia, in the period of the desintegration. This conclusion is only based on the origin of the word "Cossack" from the Tatarian language. The Tatars hereby described a minor armed force division. It often dealt with single horsemen or any armed units that were independent from the Khan (the commander of the Tatars). Ethnically, though, the Cossacks are Russians and Ukrainians, respectively, inspite of their rented name. In the 15th century, the constant danger of attacks by the Tatarian Golden Hordes meant a menace for the southern outer circuits of the Russian and the Polish-Lithuanian Kingdom, which could not be put an end to by themselves. This made the inhabitants of the boderline areas become warriors, who learned the war-strategies of their opponents. The Tatarian horsemen were not only in opposition to the Russian horsemen, not only adapting the battle strategies of their enemies but rather also the name of the Cossacks. The government in Moscow quickly realized the obvious advantages of a frontier protection by the aid of a minor cavalry. In the 16th century, special troupes were founded for this particular reason, the so-called urban Cossacks, being settled close to the frontier fortifications, who received land and pay for their guard services. Nearly simultaneously, the Polish-Lithuanian government put the Ukrainian Cossacks under the rule of a governor, in order to form a frontier police out of the developing Cossackdom at that time. Though, these urban Cossacks were not numerous and had no significant influence on the free Cossacks. On the contrary, number and importance of the free Cossacks increased considerably. The reinforcement of the centralized power in the Russian State was accompanied by the loss of the political rights of the local population and a steadily increasing pressure of taxes, which consequently led to the development of serfdom. That was the reason for the decision to get rid of the dependancy from the state and to begin a new, free lifestyle as Cossacks, taking their own risks. The situation for the Russian population in the areas belonging to Lithuania was even worse, since they did not only suffer from the social and religious opponents (Roman-Catholic governors against orthodox people from the countryside), but also from national intolerance. From the 2nd half of the 16th century on, along the river Don, the community of the Don Cossacks developed, whereas during the very same period, Ukrainian Cossacks formed a similar community far out in the steppe: the Zaporoshyeskaya Setch (settlement of Zaporoshye at the lower course of the river Dnjepr). The other numerous Cossack communities are descendants from the latter, having inherited their changing names of the region of their settlements: the Yaik-Cossacks (later Ural-Cossacks) and the division of the Orenburg Cossacks, who had an important merit regarding the colonization of Siberia (see also in the booklet from the Ensemble Pesnokhorki vol. I - IV). In 1732 the forces of the Don Cossacks built the Volga-Cossacks, who had been moved to the northern Caucasus in 1770. During the colonization and protection of the North Caucasian conquests, the Greben or Terek Cossacks were put into action, too. Out of the Ukrainian Cos


"What was the name of the British India ""Special Force"", the brainchild of British Brigadier Orde Charles Wingate, that operated behind Japanese lines in Burma & India in 1943/1944 during World War II?"

1000+ images about CHINDITS on Pinterest | In india, Warfare and Rifles Forward Weary and wounded Chindits wait by an improvised air strip for evacuation back to India. These men were part of a small raiding force which had attacked the Japanese south of Myitkyina. Two men stand on guard, not for protection but to watch a handful of Burmese collaborators and a Japanese soldier who have been captured (barely visible at the left of the picture). See More


What weapon used in the middle ages had the cord of a bow fixed in a notch and an iron bolt released from it by a trigger?

Medieval Weapons   Swords. A sword is a long, edged piece of forged metal, used in many civilisations        throughout the world, primarily as a cutting or thrusting weapon        and occasionally for clubbing. The word sword comes from the Old English sweord, from a Proto-Indo-European        root *swer- "to wound, to cut". A sword fundamentally consists of a blade and a hilt, typically        with one or two edges for striking and cutting, and a point for        thrusting. The basic intent and physics of swordsmanship have remained        fairly constant through the centuries, but the actual techniques        vary among cultures and periods as a result of the differences in        blade design and purpose. Unlike the bow or spear, the sword is        a purely military weapon, and this has made it symbolic of warfare        or naked state power in many cultures. The names given to many swords        in mythology, literature, and history reflect the high prestige        of the weapon. Swords can be single or double-bladed edges. The blade can be straight        or curved.   Arming Swords The arming sword (also sometimes called a knight's or knightly        sword) is the single handed cruciform sword of the High Middle Ages,        in common use between ca. 1000 and 1350, remaining in rare use into        the 16th century. Arming swords are generally considered to be descendant from the        swords of the migration period and Vikings Typically used with a shield or buckler, the arming sword was the        standard military sword of the knight (merely called a "war        sword", an ambiguous title given to many types of swords carried        for battle) until technological changes led to the rise of the longsword        in the late 13th century. There are many texts and pictures depicting        effective arming sword combat without the benefit of a shield. According to Medieval texts, in the absence of a shield the empty        (normally left) hand could be used for grabbing or grappling opponents. The arming sword was overall a light, versatile weapon capable        of both cut and thrust combat; and normally boasts excellent balance.        Although a variety of designs fall under the heading of 'arming        sword', they are most commonly recognised as single-handed double-edged        swords that were designed more for cutting than thrusting. Most        12th-14th century blades seem to vary between 30 and 32 inch blades.        As a rule, arming swords began to polarise in design forms from        the late 12th century, becoming either increasingly squat and heavily        pointed, or longer and heavier in design. This would seem to reflect        two separate methods of adapting the arming sword to combat increasingly        tough armour; either to make the blade sufficiently heavy-duty to        inflict blunt trauma through the armour, or narrow-pointed enough        to pierce it with a thrust. Arguably these two forms of blade evolve        into the longsword, and the cinquedea. It is a common weapon in period artwork, and there are many surviving        examples in museums. The arming sword was worn by a knight even        when not in armour, and he would be considered 'undressed' for public        if he were without it. The first longswords were actually little        more than two-handed arming swords, but the difference in length        grew substantially as time passed. Long after these larger weapons        came into use, the arming sword was retained as a common sidearm,        eventually evolving into the cut & thrust swords of the Renaissance. Arming swords are sometimes incorrectly referred to as longswords        or broadswords (the former actually refe


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