In Greek mythology, who was the multi-headed dog, encircled by a serpent, that guarded the portal to the underworld?

CERBERUS (Kerberos) - Three-Headed Hound of Hades of Greek Mythology Death-Darkness? Heracles and Cerberus the hound of Hades, Caeretan black-figure hydria C6th B.C., Musée du Louvre KERBEROS (Cerberus) was the gigantic, three-headed hound of Haides which guarded the gates of the underworld and prevented the escape of the shades of the dead. Kerberos was depicted as a three-headed dog with a serpent's tail, mane of snakes, and a lion's claws. According to some he had fifty heads although this count may have included the serpents of his mane. Herakles (Heracles) was sent to fetch Kerberos as one of his twelve labours, a task which he accomplished with the aid of the goddess Persephone . Kerberos' name perhaps means "Death-Daemon of the Dark" from the ancient Greek words kêr and erebos. FAMILY OF CERBERUS [1.1] TYPHOEUS & EKHIDNA (Hesiod Theogony 310, Quintus Smyrnaeus 6.260, Hyginus Pref & Fab 30) [1.2] EKHIDNA (Bacchylides Frag 5, Ovid Metamorphoses 7.412) ENCYCLOPEDIA CE′RBERUS (Kerberos), the many-headed dog that guarded the entrance of Hades, is mentioned as early as the Homeric poems, but simply as "the dog," and without the name of Cerberus. (Il. viii. 368, Od. xi. 623.) Hesiod, who is the first that gives his name and origin, calls him (Theog. 311) fifty-headed and a son of Typhaon and Echidna. Later writers describe him as a monster with only three heads, with the tail of a serpent and a mane consisting of the heads of various snakes. (Apollod. ii. 5. § 12; Eurip. Here. fur. 24, 611; Virg. Aen. vi. 417; Ov. Met. iv. 449.) Some poets again call him many-headed or hundred-headed. (Horat. Carm. ii. 13. 34; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 678; Senec. Here. fur. 784.) The place where Cerberus kept watch was according to some at the mouth of the Acheron, and according to others at the gates of Hades, into which he admitted the shades, but never let them out again. Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. ALTERNATE NAMES Heracles, Cerberus and Hecate, Apulian red-figure volute krater C4th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen Homer, Iliad 8. 366 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) : "If in the wiliness of my heart I [Athene] had had thoughts like his, when Herakles (Heracles) was sent down to Haides of the Gates, to hale back from Erebos (the Dark) the hound of the grisly death god (Haides Stygeros), never would he have got clear of the steep-dripping water Styx." [N.B. In Homer the dog is just called "the hound of Haides." Hesiod is the first author to give it the name Kerberos (Cerberus).] Homer, Odyssey 11. 623 ff (trans. Shewring) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) : "[The ghost of Herakles addresses Odysseus in Hades :] ‘He [Eurystheus] once sent me even here [to Haides] to fetch away the hound of Haides, for he thought no task could be more fearsome for me than that. But I brought the hound out of Haides' house and up to earth, because Hermes helped me on my way, and gleaming-eyed Athene.’" Hesiod, Theogony 310 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "Typhaon [Typhoeus] . . . was joined in love to her [Ekhidna (Echidna)] . . . And next again she bore the unspeakable, unmanageable Kerberos (Cerberus), the savage, the bronze-barking dog of Haides, fifty-headed, and powerful, and without pity." Hesiod, Theogony 769 ff : "And before them [the halls of Haides and Persephone] a dreaded hound (deinos kunos) [Kerberos (Cerberus)], on watch, who has no pity, but a vile stratagem : as people go in he fawns on all, with actions of his tail and both ears, but he will not let them go back out, but lies in wait for them and eats them up, when he catches any going back through the gates." Bacchylides, Fragment 5 (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric IV) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) : "Once, they say, the gate-wrecking, unconquerable son [Herakles] of thunder-flashing Zeus went down to the house of slender-ankled Persephone to fetch up to the light from Hades the jagged-toothed dog [Kerberos (Cerberus)], son of unapproachable Ekhidna (Echidna). There he perceived the spirits of wretched mortals by the waters of Kokyt


The Broads, a network of mostly navigable rivers and lakes, are mainly in which English county?

The Broads The Broads 2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection . Related subjects: Geography of Great Britain River Thurne The Broads is a network of mostly navigable rivers and lakes (known locally as broads) in the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. The Broads, and some surrounding land was constituted as a special area with a level of protection similar to a UK National Park by The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act of 1988. The Broads Authority, a Special Statutory Authority responsible for managing the area, became operational in 1989. A typical view of the Norfolk Broads The total area is 303 km² (188 sq. miles), most of which is in Norfolk, with over 200 km (125 miles) of navigable waterways. There are seven rivers and sixty three broads, mostly less than twelve feet deep. Thirteen broads are generally open to navigation, with a further three having navigable channels. Some broads have navigation restrictions imposed on them in autumn and winter. Although the terms Norfolk Broads and Suffolk Broads are used to identify those areas within the two counties respectively, the whole area is sometimes referred to as the "Norfolk Broads". The Broads has the same status as the national parks in England and Wales but as well as the Broads Authority having powers and duties almost identical to the national parks it is also the third largest inland navigation authority. Because of its navigation role the Broads Authority was established under its own legislation on 1 April 1989. More recently the Authority wanted to change the name of the area to The Broads National Park in recognition of the fact that the status of the area is equivalent to the rest of the national park family but was unable to get agreement from all the different parties. The Private Bill the Authority is promoting through Parliament is largely about improving public safety on the water and the Authority did not want to delay or jeopardise these provisions for the name issue, so the provision was dropped before the Bill was deposited in Parliament. Management The Broads are managed by the Broads Authority. Special legislation gives the navigation of the waterways equal status with the conservation and public enjoyment of the area. Specific parts of 'the Broads' have been awarded a variety of conservation designations, for instance: Special Protection Area (SPA) status for an area named 'Broadland' composed of 28 SSSIs Site of Special Scientific Interest Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) status for parts of the Halvergate Marshes National Nature Reserve (NNR) status for: Bure Marshes NNR Calthorpe Broad NNR Mid-Yare NNR A specific project being considered under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan is re-introduction of the Large Copper butterfly, whose habitat has been reduced by reduction of fens. The Broads give their name to the Broadland district council area, although some of the geographical areas covered by the Broads are covered by a neighboring district council. History Muttons mill, one of the many historic drainage windpumps on the Norfolk Broads For many years the broads were regarded as natural features of the landscape. It was only in the 1960s that Dr Joyce Lambert proved that they were artificial features, the effect of flooding on early peat excavations. The Romans first exploited the rich peat beds of the area for fuel, and in the Middle Ages the local monasteries began to excavate the peat lands as a turbary business, selling fuel to Norwich and Great Yarmouth . The Cathedral took 320,000 tonnes of peat a year. Then the sea levels began to rise, and the pits began to flood. Despite the construction of windpumps and dykes, the flooding continued and resulted in the typical Broads landscape of today, with its reed beds, grazing marshes and wet woodland. The Broads have been a favourite boating holiday destination since the early 20th century. The waterways are lock-free, although there are three bridges under which only small cruisers can pass. The area attracts all kinds of visitors, including ramblers, artists, anglers, and bird-watchers as wel


Largest living cat | Guinness World Records Guinness World Records When 2013 The largest living cat is Hercules, an adult male liger (lion x tigress hybrid) currently housed at Myrtle Beach Safari, a wildlife reserve in South Carolina, USA. In total length, he measures 3.33 m (131 in), stands 1.25 m (49 in) at the shoulder, and weighs 418.2 kg (922 lb). Ligers are generally larger than their two parental species. In contrast, tigons, hybrids resulting from the reciprocal cross (tiger x lioness), are often smaller. He is pictured here with Moksha Bybee, an animal trainer from the wildlife reserve. Slightly taller but lighter in weight is Hercules's brother, Sinbad. Ligers are generally larger than their two parental species. In contrast, tigons, hybrids resulting from the reciprocal cross (tiger x lioness), are often smaller. All records listed on our website are current and up-to-date. For a full list of record titles, please use our Record Application Search. (You will be need to register / login for access)


A clavichord is what type of instrument?

Charles Wolff Fine Keyboard Instruments The Fun House The clavichord is        perhaps the most personal and expressive of all keyboard        instruments. It's unique construction permits the player to        remain in contact with the strings even after the initial        attack. This gives the player precise control of the dynamics        and the continuing character of the sound.   Many keyboard        performers are turning to the clavichord for the lessons it        affords them in developing evenness, sensitivity and clarity of        touch. The clavichord demands from the player a certain  level of precision in execution if one wishes to exploit its'        possibilities to the fullest. The Clavichord provides the        amateur player with an easily maintained, easily housed and        musically rewarding instrument. For the advanced player it opens        new worlds of musical and technical insight.   Clavichords such as these were the typical        domestic instrument in Germany, Austria, Italy, the Scandinavian        countries and on the Iberian peninsula for over four hundred        years. Throughout this time, the majority of clavichords were of        the fretted type. In the fretted, or gebunden clavichord,        most strings (or pairs of strings as in our double-strung        instruments) are shared by two keys, so that C and C#, for        instance, are both played on the same string or pair of strings.   My Small Fretted clavichord is a fine example of a late 17th century fretted clavichord. I will gladly build one for you or build it yourself with my exceptional clavichord kit .     My Hubert clavichord is an excellent example of a larger fretted clavichord. Based on an instrument by Christian Gottleb Hubert, Ansbach 1782. With a keyboard range of C ï¿½ g3, 56 notes, this is a versatile instrument that both plays and sounds wonderful. This clavichord is available as a custom built instrument or as a clavichord kit .   The later bundfree, or unfretted        clavichord employs one pair of strings per note. As a result of        this arrangement, the number of strings needed in a fretted        clavichord could be nearly half those needed compared to the        unfretted instrument. Some people feel the fewer strings found        on the fretted clavichord result in a decreased load on the        soundboard and subsequently a fine, more resonant and singing        tone.   The Schiedmï¿½yer clavichord is a fine        representative of the large later clavichords which are so        admirably suited to the music of Hayden, Mozart, C.P.E. Bach and        their contemporaries. These clavichords are in sound and        appearance quite elegant. There is a unique ambiance and        romantic richness of sound which surrounds the player and        listener with a shimmering aura and clarity of voice. The larger        unfretted clavichords are wonderfully suited for the music of        the late baroque, classic and romantic composers. The versatility and range of these instruments make them an        indispensable part of my keyboard        collection.   My clavichords are built to the highest standards of workmanship        and design. Their quality is the result of many years experience in building        early keyboard instruments.   My research into the art, craft,        and history of keyboard instrument building is a vital and continuing part of my work        Every instrument that leaves is of the highest        quality in sound, and construction, and as durable and trouble free as possible.


What was the first name of Dr. Watson, Sherlock Homes' assistant?

Dr. John H. Watson of the BBC's 'Sherlock' Dr. John H. Watson of the BBC's 'Sherlock' See Fourth Series Easter Eggs, Info. Wounded in the shoulder in Afghanistan war and invalided out with problems including psychosomatic leg wound. His therapist thinks he is haunted by the war but Mycroft says she has got it wrong, that John really misses the war and his intermittent tremor in his left hand goes away when he is under stress. Following his therapist's instructions he starts a blog but doesn't do anything with it until after he meets Sherlock and then he uses it to discuss Sherlock's cases. He has an older sister, called Harry for Harriet, who is married to a woman but has left her. Harry is an alcoholic. In Doyle's second novel The Sign of Four Harry is an older brother who had recently died and Watson had inherited his watch which Harry had initially inherited from their father. The original older brother like the new older sister was an alcoholic. John is abducted by the bomber in "The Great Game" and a bomb is attached to him which gives Moriarity a hold over Sherlock. In the "Empty Herse" John is kidnapped and put into a bonfire near Guy Fawkes Day from which Sherlock has to race to save him. In "The Hounds of Baskerville" it is Sherlock who uses John as a guinea pig for an experiment. He played the clarinet at school, John claims in a job interview in "The Bind Banker". The H in his name is for Hamish which he refuses to tell Sherlock for some time. In the Original Arthur Conan Doyle Canon Watson's middle initial appears "only three times..." (source: The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes with notes by Leslie S. Klinger p. 7). "Dorothy L. Sayers, in her classic article "Dr. Watson's Christian Name," argues that the 'H' stands for 'Hamish,' a Scottish equivalent to 'James' (see 'Man with the Twisted Lip' for an instance in which Watson's wife refers to him as 'James')." (Ibid) Dr. John H. Watson served in Afghanistan with the "Fifth Northumberland Fusilers" (the same in Sherlock as in A Study in Scarlet. In Doyle's first story about Sherlock Homes, Watson's title is given as Assistant Surgeon. Who Is Dr. John H. Watson (actor describes character, plus scenes) BBC promo John Watson (Martin Freeman) and Sherlock Holmes (Benedict Cumberbatch) John H. Watson embarrasses easily and in the second episode he still isn't completely at home in civilian life. John Watson (Martin Freeman)


Who was the Formula One racing driver's champion in 1963 and 1965?

Jim Clark - 1963, 1965 Jim Clark Share He never intended to make racing a way of life, let alone become the best in the world in a sport that for him began as farm boy's hobby. And when the sport took Jim Clark's life the racing world mourned the loss of one of its best-loved champions, the unassuming Scottish driving genius whose personal integrity and admirable human qualities endeared him to fans and rivals alike. Nearly invincible in the car, he seemed vulnerable out of it and was always a reluctant hero. Few champions were as dominant. Fewer still are remembered so fondly. 1 / 5 1962: Jim Clark of Team Lotus signs autographs for fans. © Sutton Images Monte Carlo, May 1963: Jim Clark took pole position for the Monaco Grand Prix but then retired his Lotus 25 from the race. He was classified eighth, his lowest placing of the year. © Schlegelmilch Spa, June 1963: Jim Clark came from eighth on the grid to win the Belgian Grand Prix by almost five minutes from the Cooper of Bruce McLaren. It was his first of seven victories en route to his first world title. © Schlegelmilch Brands Hatch, July 1964: Reigning champion Jim Clark checks the mirrors on his Lotus 25 before practice for the British Grand Prix. He went on to win the race, the last of his three victories that year. © Sutton Images Nurburgring, August 1965: Jim Clark celebrates the German Grand Prix win that brought him his second world title with Lotus team boss Colin Chapman (right). © Schlegelmilch James Clark, junior, was born on March 4, 1936, and brought up with his four sisters on the family farm in Scotland's Berwickshire hills near the border with England. There was plenty of room to roam around the Clark's large acreage where flocks of pedigree sheep grazed peacefully and where Jim Clark would always feel most at home. It was worlds away from international motorsport, a subject he first read about in books and magazines when, at 13, he went to a private school in Edinburgh, where he also played cricket and was quite good at hockey. When it came to using vehicles for sporting pursuits Jim had to overcome parental opposition to using them for anything other than utilitarian purposes. Having first driven the family car around the fields in secret, and then been allowed to drive farm tractors alone, Jim got his driver's license on his 17th birthday, by which time he had left school and was working full time on the farm. For personal transport he bought a Sunbeam Talbot and in 1956 began using it to compete in local rallies and driving skill tests. He soon graduated to winning club races in a variety of sportscars entered for him by wealthy enthusiast friends, without whose encouragement he might have progressed no further. When he won he found being the focus of attention embarrassing. He also felt guilty about racing against his family's wishes. Goaded on by his friends, the reluctant racer began to take it more seriously, demonstrating an outstanding natural talent that amazed everyone, and certainly surprised the man himself.  In 1958 Clark was given a sleek little Lotus Elite coupe to race at Brands Hatch, where he immediately impressed the winner in an identical car, Lotus founder Colin Chapman. Invited by Chapman to race a Lotus Formula Junior, Clark immediately excelled and was promoted to Team Lotus for the latter part of the 1960 Formula One season. In Belgium that year he suffered through one of the worst weekends in Formula One history. Early in the race at Spa Chris Bristow crashed fatally in a Cooper. Clark just managed to avoid the terribly mutilated body as it lay on the track but his Lotus was spattered with blood. A few laps later Clark's friend and Lotus team mate Alan Stacey lost control when he was hit in the face by a bird and he was killed. Clark admitted that the gruesome disasters nearly put him off racing forever. Thereafter he hated Spa with a vengeance and yet he would win there four times in succession. In 1961 his first complete Grand Prix season was blighted by his involvement in a collision at Monza with the Ferrari of Wolfgang


Which country on the east coast of the Bay of Bengal is bordered by China, Laos, Thailand, Bangladesh and Nepal?

Asia and the Pacific Asia and the Pacific Afghanistan Afghanistan is located in southern Asia and shares a border with 6 countries: China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Landlocked, with an area of 652,000 square kilometers (251,737 square miles), Afghanistan is a mountainous country dominated by the Hindu Kush and the Himalayan mountain ranges to the north and arid desert to the south. Australia Australia is a continent and a country in the Southern Hemisphere, lying to the south of Southeast Asia, and dividing the Indian and South Pa cific Oceans. The total area of Australia is 7,686,850 square kilometers (2,967,892 square miles), with land constituting 7,617,930 square kilometers (2,942,282 square miles) and water 68,920 square kilometers (26,610 square miles). Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, a country of eastern Transcaucasia, is located on the western border of the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia. It is bounded by Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, Turkey to the southwest by the border of Nakhichevan, and Iran to the south. Indonesia Indonesia is an archipelago (a group of islands) stretching along the equator between the Southeast Asian mainland and Papua New Guinea, with which it shares an island. The country has a total land area of 1,919,440 square kilometers (741,096 square miles), or about 3 times the size of Texas. Iran Iran, a country slightly larger than Alaska, is located in the Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf in the south and the Caspian Sea in the north. It covers an area of 1.648 million square kilometers (636,296 square miles) and is edged between Iraq, with which it shares a border of 1,458 kilometers (906 miles), and Pakistan and Afghanistan in the east, with which Iran has 909 kilometers (565 miles) and 936 kilometers (582 miles), respectively, of common borderline. Japan Japan, an island nation in east Asia, is an archipelago (large group of islands) located east of the Korean peninsula. It has an area of 377,835 square kilometers (145,882 square miles), which makes it slightly smaller than the state of California. Jordan Jordan, a Middle Eastern kingdom, is sandwiched between Saudi Arabia in the south and east, Syria and Iraq in the north, and Israel (including the West Bank of the Jordan River) in the west. The country has an area of 89,213 square kilometers (34,445 square miles) and a coastline of only 26 kilometers (16 miles) along the Gulf of Aqaba in the south. Kazakhstan Kazakhstan is located in the center of the Eurasian landmass in what is known as Central Asia. Kazakhstan is bordered on the east by China, on the south by Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, on the west by the Caspian Sea, and on the north by Russia. Kiribati The Republic of Kiribati comprises 33 atolls in 3 principal island groups, scattered within an area of about 5 million square kilometers (2 million square miles) in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The 3 island groups are the Gilbert Islands, the Line Islands, and the Phoenix Islands. Korea, North North Korea is in eastern Asia and occupies the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. It borders China to the north, Russia to the far northeast, the Sea of Japan / East Sea to the east, South Korea to the south, and the Korean Bay and Yellow Sea to the west. Korea, South South Korea occupies the southern half of the Korean Peninsula in eastern Asia. It is bordered by North Korea to the north, the Sea of Japan / East Sea to the south and to the east, and the Yellow Sea to the west. Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia forms (with Palau) the archipelago of the Caroline Islands, and lies about 800 kilometers (497 miles) east of the Philippines. The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) consists of 607 islands and includes (from west to east) the states of Yap, Chuuk (formerly Truk), Pohnpei (formerly Ponape), and Kosrae. Mongolia Formerly known as Outer Mongolia, the Republic of Mongolia is a landlocked country located between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. The country has an


Who is killed by the Shakespearean character Macduff?

SparkNotes: Macbeth: Character List Character List Plot Overview Analysis of Major Characters Macbeth -  Macbeth is a Scottish general and the thane of Glamis who is led to wicked thoughts by the prophecies of the three witches, especially after their prophecy that he will be made thane of Cawdor comes true. Macbeth is a brave soldier and a powerful man, but he is not a virtuous one. He is easily tempted into murder to fulfill his ambitions to the throne, and once he commits his first crime and is crowned King of Scotland, he embarks on further atrocities with increasing ease. Ultimately, Macbeth proves himself better suited to the battlefield than to political intrigue, because he lacks the skills necessary to rule without being a tyrant. His response to every problem is violence and murder. Unlike Shakespeare’s great villains, such as Iago in Othello and Richard III in Richard III, Macbeth is never comfortable in his role as a criminal. He is unable to bear the psychological consequences of his atrocities. Read an in-depth analysis of Macbeth. Lady Macbeth -  Macbeth’s wife, a deeply ambitious woman who lusts for power and position. Early in the play she seems to be the stronger and more ruthless of the two, as she urges her husband to kill Duncan and seize the crown. After the bloodshed begins, however, Lady Macbeth falls victim to guilt and madness to an even greater degree than her husband. Her conscience affects her to such an extent that she eventually commits suicide. Interestingly, she and Macbeth are presented as being deeply in love, and many of Lady Macbeth’s speeches imply that her influence over her husband is primarily sexual. Their joint alienation from the world, occasioned by their partnership in crime, seems to strengthen the attachment that they feel to each another. Read an in-depth analysis of Lady Macbeth. The Three Witches -  Three “black and midnight hags” who plot mischief against Macbeth using charms, spells, and prophecies. Their predictions prompt him to murder Duncan, to order the deaths of Banquo and his son, and to blindly believe in his own immortality. The play leaves the witches’ true identity unclear—aside from the fact that they are servants of Hecate, we know little about their place in the cosmos. In some ways they resemble the mythological Fates, who impersonally weave the threads of human destiny. They clearly take a perverse delight in using their knowledge of the future to toy with and destroy human beings. Read an in-depth analysis of The Three Witches. Banquo -  The brave, noble general whose children, according to the witches’ prophecy, will inherit the Scottish throne. Like Macbeth, Banquo thinks ambitious thoughts, but he does not translate those thoughts into action. In a sense, Banquo’s character stands as a rebuke to Macbeth, since he represents the path Macbeth chose not to take: a path in which ambition need not lead to betrayal and murder. Appropriately, then, it is Banquo’s ghost—and not Duncan’s—that haunts Macbeth. In addition to embodying Macbeth’s guilt for killing Banquo, the ghost also reminds Macbeth that he did not emulate Banquo’s reaction to the witches’ prophecy. King Duncan -  The good King of Scotland whom Macbeth, in his ambition for the crown, murders. Duncan is the model of a virtuous, benevolent, and farsighted ruler. His death symbolizes the destruction of an order in Scotland that can be restored only when Duncan’s line, in the person of Malcolm, once more occupies the throne. Macduff -  A Scottish nobleman hostile to Macbeth’s kingship from the start. He eventually becomes a leader of the crusade to unseat Macbeth. The crusade’s mission is to place the rightful king, Malcolm, on the throne, but Macduff also desires vengeance for Macbeth’s murder of Macduff’s wife and young son. Malcolm -  The son of Duncan, whose restoration to the throne signals Scotland’s return to order following Macbeth’s reign of terror. Malcolm becomes a serious challenge to Macbeth with Macduff’s aid (and the support of England). Prior to this, he appears weak and uncertain


"Who had the title role in the 1996 film ""The Nutty Professor""?"

The Nutty Professor (1996) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Grossly overweight yet good-hearted professor Sherman Klump takes a special chemical that turns him into the slim but obnoxious Buddy Love. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 37 titles created 16 Jun 2012 a list of 48 titles created 10 Jul 2012 a list of 37 titles created 28 Jan 2014 a list of 25 titles created 20 Jun 2014 a list of 34 titles created 17 Aug 2014 Title: The Nutty Professor (1996) 5.6/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Oscar. Another    8 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Scientist Sherman Klump's inventions, his upcoming marriage to his pretty colleague Denise Gaines and his reputation are threatened by his evil clone Buddy Love. Director: Peter Segal An extremely pampered African prince travels to Queens, New York City, and goes undercover to find a wife whom he can respect for her intelligence and will. Director: John Landis A mild-mannered guy, who is married to a monstrous woman, meets the woman of his dreams, and schemes to find a way to be with her. Director: Brian Robbins Axel Foley, while investigating a car theft ring, comes across something much bigger than that: the same men who shot his boss are running a counterfeit money ring out of a theme park in Los Angeles. Director: John Landis A freewheeling Detroit cop pursuing a murder investigation finds himself dealing with the very different culture of Beverly Hills. Director: Martin Brest Axel Foley returns to Beverly Hills to help Taggart and Rosewood investigate Chief Bogomil's near-fatal shooting and the series of "alphabet crimes" associated with it. Director: Tony Scott Jack Cates once again enlists the aid of ex-con Reggie Hammond--this time, to take down The Iceman, a ruthless drug lord operating in the San Francisco bay area. Director: Walter Hill The story of wrongfully convicted men (Eddie Murphy and Martin Lawrence) who discover the value of life after serving 65 years in prison. Director: Ted Demme In order to protect a beautiful woman and her son from a robber, a male FBI agent disguises himself as a large grandmother. Director: Raja Gosnell A hard-nosed cop reluctantly teams up with a wise-cracking criminal temporarily paroled to him, in order to track down a killer. Director: Walter Hill A private detective specializing in missing children is charged with the task of finding a special child who dark forces want to eliminate. Director: Michael Ritchie Roper, a hostage negotiator catches a murderous bank robber after a blown heist. The bank robber escapes and immediately goes after the man who put him behind bars. The ending is played out... See full summary  » Director: Thomas Carter Edit Storyline Brilliant and obese scientist Sherman Klump invents a miraculous weight-loss solution. After a date with chemistry student Carla Purty goes badly, a depressed Klump tries the solution on himself. Though he instantly loses 250 pounds, the side effects include a second personality: an obnoxiously self-assertive braggart who calls himself Buddy Love. Buddy proves to be more popular than Sherman, but his arrogance and bad behavior quickly spiral out of control. Written by Jwelch5742 Inside Sherman Klump, a party animal is about to break out. Genres: Rated PG-13 for crude humor and sexual references | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 28 June 1996 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: El profesor chiflado See more  » Filming Locations:


What is Andrew Stanton most associated with?

Andrew Stanton - IMDb IMDb Writer | Actor | Producer Oscar-winning filmmaker Andrew Stanton was raised in Rockport, Massachusetts. He was educated at The California Institute of the Arts (or "CalArts") in Los Angeles, where he studied character animation. After graduation, Stanton began working as a writer on the TV series Mighty Mouse, the New Adventures (1987). In 1990, he became only the second ... See full bio » Born: Here’s Why ‘The Jungle Book’ Deserves More Oscar Respect 13 January 2017 8:26 AM, -08:00 | Indiewire a list of 24 people created 29 Feb 2012 a list of 45 people created 17 Sep 2013   a list of 36 people created 03 May 2014 a list of 47 people created 24 Jan 2015 a list of 27 people created 04 Jul 2015 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Andrew Stanton's work have you seen? User Polls Won     2     Oscars. Another    30 wins & 55 nominations. See more awards  » Known For  2016 Finding Dory: Marine Life Interviews (Video short) (original story by) / (written by)  2016 Finding Dory (original story by) / (screenplay by)  2010 Toy Story 3 (story by)  2008 Burn-E (Short) (story)  2008 WALL·E (original story by) / (screenplay by)  2003 Finding Nemo (original story by) / (screenplay by)  1998 A Bug's Life (original story by) / (screenplay by)  1995 Toy Story (original story by) / (screenplay by)  2020 Zuiett (Short) (executive producer) ( post-production )  2016 Piper (Short) (executive producer)  2013 Monsters University (executive producer)  2012 Brave (executive producer)  2009 Partly Cloudy (Short) (executive producer)  2009 Up (executive producer)  2008 Burn-E (Short) (executive producer)  2008 Presto (Short) (executive producer)  2007 Ratatouille (executive producer)  1987 A Story (Short) (producer) Hide   1998 A Bug's Life (story artist)  1995 Toy Story (character designer) / (story artist)  1990 Computer Warriors (Video short) (key animator) / (layout artist)  1989 Hound Town (TV Movie) (layout artist)  1987 A Story (Short) (animator) Hide   2015/I Inside Out (senior creative team: Pixar)  2013 Monsters University (senior creative team: Pixar)  2012 Brave (senior creative team: Pixar)  2010 Toy Story 3 (senior creative team: Pixar)  2009 Up (senior creative team: Pixar)  2003 Finding Nemo (additional voices) Hide  - Kenya Be My Friend?/Good Mousekeeping (1995) ... (storyboard artist - segment "Good Mousekeeping")  1994 2 Stupid Dogs (TV Series) (storyboard artist - 1 episode) - Cookies, Ookies, Blookies (1994) ... (storyboard artist) Hide   2014 Toy Story That Time Forgot (TV Short) (extra special thanks)  2014 Lava (Short) (special thanks)  2006 Lifted (Short) (special thanks)  2003 Making 'Nemo' (Video short documentary) (very special thanks)  2000 For the Birds (Short) (thanks)  1997 Geri's Game (Short) (very special thanks) Hide   2016 Just Keep Swimming (Documentary short) Himself  2012-2016 Días de cine (TV Series) Himself  2016 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) Himself  2012 360 Degrees of 'John Carter' (Video documentary short) Himself  2012 Film 2016 (TV Series) Himself  2011 Pixar: 25 Magic Moments (TV Movie documentary) Himself - Writer / Director - Finding Nemo  2008 Saturday Disney (TV Series) Himself  2005 Toy Story: Filmmakers Reflect (Video documentary short) Himself - Screenwriter  2005 100 Greatest Cartoons (TV Special documentary) Himself  2004 2nd Annual Spaceys (TV Special) Himself  2003 Making 'Nemo' (Video short documentary) Himself - Writer / Director  2003 Richard & Judy (TV Series) Himself  2012 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) Himself  2012 The Big Picture (TV Series) Himself Did You Know? Personal Quote: A lot of people think if they make a computer-animated film, it's going to be a hit. I'm afraid we're going to see a glut of really bad films in the next couple of years See more » Trivia: Has a son named Ben and a daughter named Audrey with his wife, Julie Stanton . See more » Trademark: Uses music by Thomas Newman Star Sign:


Claudius is the murderous uncle of which character in a Shakespearean play?

An analysis of Claudius, Hamlet's Uncle   Introduction to Claudius in Hamlet As with all the supporting characters in Hamlet, Claudius is not developed to his full potential. His primary role in the play is to spawn Hamlet's confusion and anger, and his subsequent search for truth and life's meaning. But Claudius is not a static character. While his qualities are not as thoroughly explored as Hamlet's, Shakespeare crafts a whole human being out of the treacherous, usurping King of Denmark. When we first see Claudius, he strikes us an intelligent and capable ruler. He gives a speech to make his court and country proud, addressing his brother's death and the potential conflict with Norway. Claudius knows that a change in government could ignite civil unrest, and he is afraid of possible unlawful allegiances and rebellion. His speech juxtaposes the people's loss with the new beginning they will have under his care, and he uses the death of Hamlet's father to create a sense of national solidarity, "the whole kingdom/To be contracted in one brow of woe" (1.2.3-4). Claudius has assumed the role of the chief mourner, and the people can unite behind a collective suffering. He can now concentrate on his kingly duties, and he takes immediate and decisive action by sending Cornelius and Voltimand to appease the Norwegian king. He also deals skilfully with Laertes' request to leave for France. "On the whole, then, there emerges a King who is well qualified for his office...there continually appears on the stage a man who is utterly unlike the descriptions, and this in turn gives to Hamlet's words their real value." (Lokse, Outrageous Fortune, 79). But Claudius, in private, is a very different person. The Ghost refers to him as "that incestuous, that adulterate beast" (1.5.42), and we soon realize that his crime is what is "rotten in the state of Denmark." The King has committed fratricide and regicide and has bedded the Queen with "the witchcraft of his wit" (I.v.47). Claudius represents the worst in human nature -- lust, greed, corruption, and excess. Claudius and his corrupt court bask in the pleasures of the flesh: The king doth wake tonight and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail, and the swaggering up-spring reels; And as he drains his draughts of Renish down, The kettle-drum and trumpet thus bray out The triumph of his pledge (1.4.8-12) However, Claudius is not a total sociopath, devoid of moments of guilt and regret. His deeds, on occasion, weigh heavy on his heart: (aside) O, 'tis true!


"The word ""pronto"" comes to English from which language?"

Pronto | Definition of Pronto by Merriam-Webster Examples of pronto in a sentence <if they don't arrive pronto, we'll have to go to the movie without them> <the kind of boss who wants everything pronto> Origin and Etymology of pronto Spanish, from Latin promptus prompt First Known Use: 1911 pronto Synonyms Synonyms


What country is the world's largest coffee grower?

Coffee Producing Countries Coffee Producing Countries Brazil Brazil grows roughly a third of the world's coffee. Much of the specialty from brazil is known by the name of the port through which it is shipped, Santos. Bourbon Santos and Brazil Cerrado are widely used as a base for quality espresso blends. Brazilian coffee is commonly dry-processed.   Colombia Colombia typically produces about 1/10th, or more, of the worlds coffee. Colombia now ranks third after Vietnam and Brazil in production of coffee beans. The bulk of Colombian coffee, such as Colombian Supremo , is high quality and Colombia has marketed its product well via the character Juan Valdez. Colombian coffees are processed using the wet method. Colombian coffee is grown along three northern Andes mountain ranges which trisect Colombia from north to south. Colombian coffees are typically mild and balanced with good body and flavor.   Costa Rica Costa Rica has excellent coffee growing conditions and certainly produces some of the best coffees in the world. High grown coffees from the mountains of Costa Rica are typically bright, crisp, and clean with good body and a fruity acidity. Notable coffee growing regions include Tarrazu , Tres Rios, Herediï¿½, and Alajuela.   Dominican Republic Dominican Republic has various microclimates that produce coffee beans with distinct physical and taste characteristics. The government of Dominican Republic established seven official coffee-growing regions: Barahona, Cibao, Neyba, Noroeste, Sierra Central, Sierra Occidental, and Sierra Sur.   El Salvador Coffees from El Salvador have mostly been used for blending due to their sweetness, gentle acidity, and balance. Although El Salvador produces excellent coffees, political instability has prevented a consistent supply. Recently, El Salvador has been gaining in recognition for its premium single origin coffees. El Salvador shares a border with Honduras and Guatemala.   Ethiopia Ethiopia is the birthplace of the Arabica tree, and wild coffee cherries are still harvested by tribes people in its mountains. In Eastern Ethiopia, coffee trees are grown at elevations between 5,000 and 6,000 feet on small plots and farms. These coffees may be called Longberry Harrar (large bean), Shortberry Harrar (smaller bean) or Mocha Harrar (peaberry or single bean). They are all cultivated simply, processed by the traditional dry method, and are no doubt organic. Ethiopian Harrar is characterized by winy and blueberry undertones, with good body and acidity. Eastern Ethiopia produces a washed coffee called Ghimbi, or Gimbi, that has the winy undertones of Harrar, but can be richer, more balanced, and has a heavier body and longer finish. Southern Ethiopia produces washed coffees with fruity acidity and intense aromas. These coffees are known by the names of the districts in which they are produced, such as Sidamo, or by terms like Ethiopian Fancies or Ethiopian Estate Grown. The most famous of these coffees is Yirgacheffe, which has a pleasant fruity acidity and elegant body.   Guatemala Some of the worlds finest specialty coffee is produced in the central Highlands of Guatemala. The most famous regional marketing names for Guatemala coffees are: Antigua , Coban, and Huehuetenango. High quality Guatemalan coffees are produced using the wet-process method, and typically have spicy or chocolatey acidity and medium body. Guatemalan coffee is often marketed by grade, with the highest grade being strictly hard bean (SHB), which indicates coffees grown at 4,500 feet or above. A secondary grade is hard bean (HB), designating coffees grown between 4,000 and 4,500 feet. These designations reflect the fact that coffee beans grown at higher elevations tend to be denser and harder than coffee beans grown at lower elevations.   Honduras Honduras shares a border with Guatemala and Nicaragua. The finest Honduran coffees are sweet, mild, and full bodied.   India Coffees produced in India have more in common with Indonesian coffees than with coffees from Africa or the Arabian peninsula. Good India


"Michael J Fox played which character in the ""Back to the Future"" trilogy (1985-1990)?"

Michael J. Fox - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 2:03 PM, UTC NEWS Actor | Producer | Miscellaneous Crew Michael J. Fox was born Michael Andrew Fox on June 9, 1961 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, to Phyllis Fox (née Piper), a payroll clerk, and William Fox. His parents moved their ten-year-old son, his three sisters, Kelli Fox , Karen, and Jacki, and his brother, Steven, to Vancouver, British Columbia, after his father, a sergeant in the Canadian Army ... See full bio » Born: Share this page: Related News a list of 24 people created 18 Feb 2011 a list of 32 people created 13 Mar 2014 a list of 26 people created 02 Sep 2014 a list of 35 images created 24 May 2015 a list of 32 people created 1 month ago Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Michael J. Fox's work have you seen? User Polls Won     4     Golden Globes. Another    27 wins & 60 nominations. See more awards  » Known For Back to the Future Part II Marty McFly / Marty McFly Jr. / Marlene McFly (1989) Family Ties Alex P. Keaton (1982-1989)  1992 Shelley Duvall's Bedtime Stories (TV Series) Narrator (segment "There's a Nightmare in My Closet")  1984 Night Court (TV Series) Eddie Simms  1983 The Love Boat (TV Series) Jimmy Cowens  1982 Teachers Only (TV Series) Jeff  1980 Here's Boomer (TV Series) Jackie  1978 Leo and Me (TV Series) Jamie (as Mike Fox)  1977 The Magic Lie (TV Series) Nicky - Truck Logger (1973) ... (as Michael Fox) Hide   2013-2014 The Michael J. Fox Show (TV Series) (executive producer - 19 episodes) - Changes (2014) ... (executive producer)  2003 Hench at Home (TV Movie) (executive producer)  2002 Otherwise Engaged (TV Movie) (executive producer)  1996-2000 Spin City (TV Series) (executive producer - 100 episodes)  1997 Spin City (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Deaf Becomes Her (1997) ... (performer: "Girls Just Want to Have Fun" - uncredited)  1987 Light of Day (performer: "Rude Mood", "Do Wah Diddy Diddy", "You Got No Place to Go") / (writer: "You Got No Place to Go") Hide   2003 Hench at Home (TV Movie) Hide   2007-2016 Rachael Ray (TV Series) Himself - Guest / Himself  1994-2016 Good Morning America (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2010-2015 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) Himself - Guest  1990-2015 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) Himself  2014 Bystander Revolution (TV Series documentary) Himself  2014 Inside Edition (TV Series documentary) Himself  2014 The Insider (TV Series) Himself  2014 2014 NHL Awards (TV Special) Himself  1997-2014 The View (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2009-2012 The Hour (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2012 Piers Morgan Tonight (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2011 The Love We Make (TV Movie documentary) Himself  2011 Ace of Cakes (TV Series) Himself  2010 Tales from the Future (TV Mini-Series documentary) Himself  2010 Scream Awards 2010 (TV Special) Himself  2010 The Colbert Report (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2010 Canada for Haiti (TV Movie documentary) Himself  2002-2009 Larry King Live (TV Series) Himself - Guest  1997-2009 The Daily Show (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2009 Frontline (TV Series documentary) Himself  2005-2007 Biography (TV Series documentary) Himself  2006 This Week (TV Series) Himself - Guest  2006 The Apprentice (TV Series) Himself  2006 Dateline NBC (TV Series documentary) Himself  2005 Comedy Gold (TV Short documentary) Himself  2005 Saving Milly (TV Movie) Himself (uncredited)  2004 E! True Hollywood Story (TV Series documentary) Himself  2003 ABC's 50th Anniversary Celebration (TV Special documentary) Himself  1997-2002 Charlie Rose (TV Series) Himself - Guest  1999 Stuart Little: Making It Big (TV Movie documentary) Himself  1999 The Directors (TV Series documentary) Himself  1998 Healthy Kids (TV Series) Himself  1997 Very Important Pennis (TV Series) Himself  1997 I Am Your Child (TV Movie documentary) Himself  1991-1996 Showbiz Today (TV Series) Himself  1996 The Sunday Show (TV Series) Himself - Guest  1994 Club Disney (TV Series) Himself  1990 Sex, Buys & Advertising (TV Movie documentary) Himself  1990 Miles Turns 21 (TV Movie documentary) Himself  1987 Citizen Steve (


What live in an artificial environment known as a formicarium?

Formicary - definition of formicary by The Free Dictionary Formicary - definition of formicary by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/formicary Also found in: Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . for·mi·car·y n. pl. for·mi·car·ies A nest of ants; an anthill. [Medieval Latin formīcārium, from Latin formīca, ant.] formicary n, pl -caries or -caria (-ˈkɛərɪə) (Zoology) less common names for ant hill [C19: from Medieval Latin formīcārium see formic] for•mi•car•y [1810–20; < Latin formīc(a) ant + -ary ] formicary, formicarium Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Sauba ant References in periodicals archive ? Getting the technology implementation right is vital in this ever-changing OTC trading environment", says Dee Dervish, director at Formicary. Formicary Achieves LCH.Clearnet SwapClear CCP2 CERTIFICATION To me, it particularly occurs that his remarks show that some aspects of Oyekan's work that resemble the structure of a formicary, recall a specific side of our 'memories' about earth; that is, making something using it, living in and with it and the comfort and pleasure it brings. Narratives between terra, humanity and environment Gavin Adam, head of product management at IT solutions provider Formicary Collaboration Group, says that many more financial apps will appear on the market soon.


What body of water between Israel and Jordan fed by the Jordan River has no outlet stream?

JORDAN I.  CASE BACKGROUND 1. Abstract The struggle for fresh water in the Middle East was a primary cause of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war and has contributed to other military disputes in the region. Like other conflicts that revolve around scarce environmental resources, there are ways to determine the likelihood of water issues escalating into a large scale multi-national conflict. The probability that the degree of scarcity of water to a region, the need of several nations to share one fresh water source, the military or economic power of the state that controls the water, and existence of other fresh water sources aids the ability to predict the causes and possible solutions for these conflicts. Perhaps the clearest example of a region where fresh water supplies have had strategic implications is the Middle East (Gleick, p.84). This study will examine the relationship between environmental resources and conflict using the ongoing dispute between Israel and Jordan over water supply of the Jordan river as an example. 2. Description The Middle East region is known not only for its ideological, religious, and geo-political differences and disputes but also for the fact that it is extremely arid. The scarcity of water is connected to meteorologic, geographic and demographic factors. Throughout most of the Middle East region rainfall is irregular. The rainy season is short, between 6-8 months a year, and rainfall varies between 250-400 mm annually, which is insufficient for basic agriculture which requires at least 400 mm of regular rainfall. Irregated agriculture is further restricted because there are only few major rivers in the Middle East - the Jordan River and the Nile among them. Furthermore, there is the issue of the vastly expanding population in the Middle East. This population growth stems from two sources, in Jordan the population increase is due to the birthrate and in Israel the large waves of immigrants in recent years have increased the population (Tall, p.69). According to recent statistics, the population of Jordan in 1990 was 3696 (thousands) and is predicted to be 6.5 (millions) in 2010. The population of Israel (including the West Bank and gaza) in 1990 was 6.7 (millions) and suppose to grow into 10.9 (millions) in the year of 2010 (Bar-El, p.5). The Jordan River supplies Israel and Jordan with the vast majority of their water. Some hydrologists have identified 1000 cubic meters per person per year as a minimum water requirement for an efficient moderately industrialized nation. Inside Israel's border, the availability of water per-capita in 1990 was 470 cubic meters. It is estimated that by the year 2025 this availability will be reduced to 310 cubic meters (Glace, p.101). As such, over 50 percent of Israel's water sources rely on rain which falls outside of the Israeli border. Israel depends on water supply which either comes from rivers that originates outside the border, or from disputed lands. For the State of Jordan, the Jordan River supplies about 75 percent of its needs (Tall, p.171). In contrast to Israel, only 36 percent of the total river flow originates outside the Jordanian border. However, in terms of water availability for the year of 1990, Jordan had only 260 cubic meters per capita, which is almost 1/4 less than the minimum water requirement for an industrial nation. Moreover, by the year 2025 it is estimated that Jordan will only have 80 cubic meters per capita per year (Glace, p.101). Jordan and Israel are highly dependent upon the Jordan River. Jordan, however, is facing another environmental problem which increases the state's dependency on the water of the Jordan River. The main rivers in Jordan are the Jordan, the Yarmouk, and the Zarqa. While the the water quality of the Jordan and the Yarmouk Rivers considered to be good, the Zarqa River, flowing entirely within Jordan's borders, faces a pollution crisis that prohibit both access and the use of its water (Abu-Taleb, p.36). The need for water and the continuing hostility between Israel and the surrounding Arab states, has placed t


The Koran (Qur'an) | Jewish Virtual Library Tweet The Qur'an (in Anglicized form: Koran )                   is certainly the greatest literary work in classical Arabic and for                   all Muslims stands as the definitive word of God (in Arabic: Allah ) spoken to the prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. When reading the Qur'an , you should realize                   that, for all Muslims, the text you are reading is quite literally the                   voice of God; because the Qur'an is the direct speech of God                   in Arabic, translation of the work is seen as blasphemy, as an unforgivable                   tampering with God's own speech. Nevertheless, the Qur'an has been translated into Turkish and Farsi (the language of Iran) in this                   century and is recited in these languages in religious services in Turkey                   and Iran. The Muslim community tolerates this but just barely. For all                   practical purposes, to be Muslim, then, means almost universally to                   be able to read and understand classical Arabic, despite what one's                   native language is [Ed. a Muslim reader noted that many Muslims do not                   understand the language, but they must only read or say the words correctly]. The recitation began one night in the year 610 A.D.                   Muhammad was sitting alone in the wilderness near Mecca when the Angel                   Gabriel appeared to him. The Angel called out to him with the command, "Recite! Recite! Recite!" Muhammad responded "I am not                   a reader." The angel recited three verses to him and when he awoke                   he had these verses, as he said, inscribed in his heart. These revelations                   continued for 10 days. Islamic scholars believe that the first revelation                   occurred on the night of the 27th day of Ramadan. This night is called                   the Laylat-al-Qadr (Night of Power). And according to the Quran, this                   is when God determines the course of the world for the following year. 1 From that point on, Muhammad believed himself to be                   a prophet and messenger of God, the last in a line of seven prophets                   (beginning with Abraham and ending with Jesus Christ, who was prophet                   number six) and responsible for inscribing the last and most important                   of God's direct messages to the world, the Arabic Recitation, which                   is the full name of the work. The people of God, that is, the Jews and                   the Christians, were going astray; the purpose of the Arabic Recitation                   was to restore God's faithful to the proper path. At different times                   in Muhammed's life the recitations would come to him; he would then                   repeat what he had heard and these would be memorized by certain people                   trained in remembering verses; some of these verses were written down                   on whatever was at hand. All these writings were collected in the caliphate                   of 'Uthman and the canonical text was established around 650 A.D. The                   writings were collected into a group of surah's and ordered according                   to length (each surah is meant to be a single recitation), though all


Who was Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI, was then imprisoned for over two years and burnt at the stake for heresy?

Archbishops of Canterbury Archbishops of Canterbury By  Ben Johnson   |   Comments In the Christian church, an archbishop is a bishop of superior rank who has authority over other bishops in an ecclesiastic province or area. The Church of England is presided over by two archbishops: the archbishop of Canterbury, who is 'primate of All England', and the archbishop of York, who is 'primate of England'. In the time of St. Augustine, around the 5th century it was intended that England would be divided into two provinces with two archbishops, one at London and one at York . Canterbury gained supremacy just prior to the Reformation in the 16th century, when it exercised the powers of papal legate throughout England. It is the Archbishop of Canterbury who has the privilege of crowning the kings and queens of England and ranks immediately after the princes of royal blood. The Archbishop's official residence is at Lambeth Palace, London, and second residence at the Old Palace, Canterbury. The first Archbishop of Canterbury was Augustine. Originally prior to the Benedictine monastery of St. Andrew in Rome, he was sent to England by Pope Gregory I with the mission to convert the natives to Roman Christianity. Landing in Ebbesfleet, Kent in 597 Augustine quickly converted his first native when he baptized Ethelbert, King of Kent along with many of his subjects. He was consecrated Bishop of the English at Arles that same year and appointed archbishop in 601, establishing his seat at Canterbury. In 603 he attempted unsuccessfully to unite the Roman and native Celtic churches at a conference on the Severn. The following list traces the Archbishops from the time of Augustine through the Reformation, up to the present day. Their influence on the history of England and the English people is apparent for all to see. Archbishops of Canterbury   604 Laurentius. Nominated by St. Augustine as his successor. Had a rocky ride when King Ethelbert of Kent was succeeded by his pagan son Eadbald. Remaining calm Laurentius eventually converted Eadbald to Christianity, thus preserving the Roman mission in England.     627 Honorius. The last of the group of Roman missionaries who had accompanied St. Augustine to England.     668 Theodore (of Tarsus). The Greek theologian was already in his sixties when he was sent to England by Pope Vitalian to assume the role of archbishop. Despite his age he went on to reorganise the English Church creating the diocesan structure, uniting for the first time the people of England.   693 Berhtwald. The first archbishop of English birth. Worked with King Wihtred of Kent to develop the laws of the land.   Cuthbert. Established England as an important base from which Anglo-Saxon missionaries were despatched abroad.     765 Jaenberht. Backed the wrong horse in the King of Kent against King Offa of Mercia. He saw the importance of Canterbury reduce as power shifted to Offa's cathedral in Lichfield.   793 Ethelheard, St. Originally chosen by King Offa of Mercia, to make Lichfield into the premier archbishopric in England. Ethelheard appears to have messed things up a little in the politics of the day, and unwittingly succeeded in reinstating Canterbury's traditional superiority.   805 Wulfred. As with his predecessors Wulfred's rule was frequently disrupted by disputes with the kings of Mercia and was at one stage exiled by King Cenwulf.     833 Ceolnoth. Maintained Canterbury's superiority within the Church of England by forming close relationships with the rising power of the Kings of Wessex, and abandoning the pro-Mercian policies of Feologeld.     890 Plegmund. Appointed Archbishop by Alfred the Great. Plegmund played an influential role in the reigns of both Alfred and Edward the Elder. He was involved in early efforts to convert the Danelaw to Christianity.     942 Oda. Oda's career serves to demonstrate the integration of Scandinavians into English society. The son of a pagan who came to England with the Viking 'Great Army', Oda organised the reintroduction of a bishopric into the Scandinavian settlements of East Angl


Countries which in the 19th century permanently abolished the death penalty were the Roman Republic (1849), Venezuela (1854), San Marino (1865), and which other?

Death penalty - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki More info on Death penalty   Wikis       Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Did you know ... (Redirected to Capital punishment article) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Death penalty" and "Death sentence" redirect here. For other uses, see Death penalty (disambiguation) and Death sentence (disambiguation) . "Execution" and "Execute" redirect here. For other uses, see Execution (disambiguation) and Execute (disambiguation) . For other uses, see Capital punishment (disambiguation) . Part of a series on Capital punishment Crime  · Last meal  · Penology Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the killing of a person by judicial process as a punishment for an offense. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. The term capital originates from Latin capitalis, literally "regarding the head" (Latin caput). Hence, a capital crime was originally one punished by the severing of the head . Capital punishment has in the past been practiced in virtually every society, although currently only 58 nations actively practice it, with 95 countries abolishing it (the remainder having not used it for 10 years or allowing it only in exceptional circumstances such as war) [10] . It is a matter of active controversy in various countries and states, and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region. In the EU member states, Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment. [1] Today, most countries are considered by Amnesty International as abolitionists, [2] which allowed a vote on a nonbinding resolution to the UN to promote the abolition of the death penalty . [3] But more than 60% of the worldwide population live in countries where executions take place insofar as the four most populous countries in the world (the People's Republic of China, India, United States and Indonesia) apply the death penalty and are unlikely to abolish it in the near future. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Contents 8.3 Religious views History Execution of criminals and political opponents has been used by nearly all societies—both to punish crime and to suppress political dissent . In most places that practice capital punishment it is reserved for murder , espionage , treason , or as part of military justice . In some countries sexual crimes, such as rape , adultery , incest and sodomy , carry the death penalty, as do religious crimes such as apostasy in Islamic nations (the formal renunciation of the State religion). In many countries that use the death penalty , drug trafficking is also a capital offense. In China, human trafficking and serious cases of corruption are punished by the death penalty. In militaries around the world courts-martial have imposed death sentences for offenses such as cowardice , desertion , insubordination , and mutiny . [13] Anarchist guillotined in France in 1894 The use of formal execution extends to the beginning of recorded history. Most historical records and various primitive tribal practices indicate that the death penalty was a part of their justice system. Communal punishment for wrongdoing generally included compensation by the wrongdoer, corporal punishment , shunning , banishment and execution. Usually, compensation and shunning were enough as a form of justice. [14] The response to crime committed by neighbouring tribes or communities included formal apology, compensation or blood feuds . A blood feud or vendetta occurs when arbitration between families or tribes fails or an arbitration system is non-existent. This form of justice was common before the emergence of an arbitration system based on state or organised religion. It may result from crime, land disputes or a code of honour. "Acts of retaliation underscore the ability of the social collective to defend itself


What 2003 film, starring John Cusack, Gene Hackman, Dustin Hoffman and Rachel Weisz, was based on a book by John Grisham?

Runaway Jury (2003) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A juror on the inside and a woman on the outside manipulate a court trial involving a major gun manufacturer. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 25 titles created 21 Mar 2011 a list of 34 titles created 13 Jun 2011 a list of 41 titles created 03 Mar 2013 a list of 39 titles created 30 Jun 2014 a list of 26 titles created 11 Aug 2015 Search for " Runaway Jury " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. A young boy who witnessed the suicide of a mafia lawyer hires an attorney to protect him when the District Attorney tries to use him to take down a mob family. Director: Joel Schumacher In Canton, Mississippi, a fearless young lawyer and his assistant defend a black man accused of murdering two white men who raped his 10-year-old daughter, inciting a revolt by local racist groups. Director: Joel Schumacher An underdog lawyer takes on a fraudulent Insurance company. Director: Francis Ford Coppola A young lawyer joins a prestigious law firm only to discover that it has a sinister dark side. Director: Sydney Pollack A law student uncovers a conspiracy, putting herself and others in danger. Director: Alan J. Pakula In a desperate attempt to prove his innocence, a skilled police negotiator accused of corruption and murder takes hostages in a government office to gain the time he needs to find the truth. Director: F. Gary Gray A woman framed for her husband's murder suspects he is still alive; as she has already been tried for the crime, she can't be re-prosecuted if she finds and kills him. Director: Bruce Beresford The story of what happens one day in New York when a young lawyer and a businessman share a small automobile accident on F.D.R. Drive and their mutual road rage escalates into a feud. Director: Roger Michell An agoraphobic psychologist and a female detective must work together to take down a serial killer who copies serial killers from the past. Director: Jon Amiel Police hunting for a serial killer are helped when a victim manages to escape for the first time. Director: Gary Fleder High powered lawyer Claire Kubik finds her world turned upside down when her husband, who she thought was Tom Kubik, is arrested and is revealed to be Ron Chapman. Chapman is on trial for a... See full summary  » Director: Carl Franklin Jake Vig (Burns) is a consummate grifter about to pull his biggest con yet, one set to avenge his friend's murder. But his last scam backfired, leaving him indebted to a mob boss (Hoffman) and his enforcer. Director: James Foley Edit Storyline Wendell Rohr is a torts lawyer taking on the gun lobby. Rankin Fitch is the jury consultant for the Defendants and between them the battle is for the hearts and minds of the jury. But there is someone on the inside. Nicholas Easter is a juror with a girlfriend, Marlee, on the outside. they have a past ..... and their own agenda. Written by johnno.r@xtra.co.nz Trials are too important to be decided by juries. Genres: Rated PG-13 for violence, language and thematic elements | See all certifications  » Parents Guide: 17 October 2003 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Le maître du jeu See more  » Filming Locations: $11,836,705        (USA) (17 October 2003) Gross: Final film of Don Hood . See more » Goofs In Nick's first scene he opens a piece of mail at his apartment's mailbox. It is addressed to him at "1619 Chartres St." Later, when his info is brought up on Rankin Fitch's computer screen his address is listed as "617 Chartres St." See more » Quotes Frank Herrera : [On nominating Herman for foreman] But... Eddie Weese : But he's blind, man. So what? So is justice, right? (England) – See all my reviews Nicholas Easter (John Cusack) is desperate to get on this jury. With a hi


"Which 19th century American writer is best known for his ""Tales of Mystery and Suspense"", ""Tales of the Arabesque and the Grotesque"", and his poems ""The Raven"", ""The Bells"" and ""Annabel Lee""?"

Edgar Allan Poe - Edgar Allan Poe Biography - Poem Hunter Edgar Allan Poe - Edgar Allan Poe Biography - Poem Hunter Videos Biography of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allen Poe was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career. Early Life He was born Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 19, 1809, the second child of actress Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe and actor David Poe, Jr. He had an elder brother, William Henry Leonard Poe, and a younger sister, Rosalie Poe. Edgar may have been named after a character in William Shakespeare's King Lear, a play the couple was performing in 1809. His father abandoned their family in 1810, and his mother died a year later from consumption (pulmonary tuberculosis). Poe was then taken into the home of John Allan, a successful Scottish merchant in Richmond, Virginia, who dealt in a variety of goods including tobacco, cloth, wheat, tombstones, and slaves. The Allans served as a foster family and gave him the name "Edgar Allan Poe", though they never formally adopted him. The Allan family had Poe baptized in the Episcopal Church in 1812. John Allan alternately spoiled and aggressively disciplined his foster son. The family, including Poe and Allan's wife, Frances Valentine Allan, sailed to Britain in 1815. Poe attended the grammar school in Irvine, Scotland (where John Allan was born) for a short period in 1815, before rejoining the family in London in 1816. There he studied at a boarding school in Chelsea until summer 1817. e was subsequently entered at the Reverend John Bransby’s Manor House School at Stoke Newington, then a suburb four miles (6 km) north of London. Poe moved back with the Allans to Richmond, Virginia in 1820. In 1824 Poe served as the lieutenant of the Richmond youth honor guard as Richmond celebrated the visit of the Marquis de Lafayette. In March 1825, John Allan's uncle and business benefactor William Galt, said to be one of the wealthiest men in Richmond, died and left Allan several acres of real estate. The inheritance was estimated at $750,000. By summer 1825, Allan celebrated his expansive wealth by purchasing a two-story brick home named Moldavia. Poe may have become engaged to Sarah Elmira Royster before he registered at the one-year-old University of Virginia in February 1826 to study languages. The university, in its infancy, was established on the ideals of its founder, Thomas Jefferson. It had strict rules against gambling, horses, guns, tobacco and alcohol, but these rules were generally ignored. Jefferson had enacted a system of student self-government, allowing students to choose their own studies, make their own arrangements for boarding, and report all wrongdoing to the faculty. The unique system was still in chaos, and there was a high dropout rate. During his time there, Poe lost touch with Royster and also became estranged from his foster father over gambling debts. Poe claimed that Allan had not given him sufficient money to register for classes, purchase texts, and procure and furnish a dormitory. Allan did send additional money and clothes, but Poe's debts increased. Poe gave up on the university after a year, and, not feeling welcome in Richmond, especially when he learned that his sweetheart Royster had married Alexander Shelton, he traveled to Boston in April 1827, sustaining himself with odd jobs as a clerk and newspaper writer. At some point he started using the pseudonym Henri Le Rennet. Military Career Unable to support himself, on May 27, 1827, Poe enlisted in the United States Army as a private. Using the name "Edgar A. Perry", he claimed he was 22 years old even though he wa


Which country between the Andes mountain range and the Atlantic Ocean has borders with Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay?

South America Fly Fishing - Argentina Patagonia Fly Fishing - Argentina Fishing Lodges Travel Reports Argentina Flyfishing Lodges Argentina is the second largest country in South America (eighth largest country in the world by land area) and is divided into 23 federal provinces. Its continental area is a whopping 1,068,302 sq mi and stretches between the Andes mountain range in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east and south. Argentina borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Buenos Aires (often called the "Paris of South America") is the capital of Argentina, and is the country's largest city with a population of close to 13 million. Argentina is a land rich in culture, history, and adventure; strongly influenced by its mostly resettled European populous and has been a popular destination for sports since the turn of the 20th century. Patagonia is an imaginary band covering southern Chile and Argentina, roughly 400,000 square miles in size, with the Andes Mountains forming the border between the two countries. The trout fishing in Argentina takes place in the south, roughly from the Neuqu�n River just above (39�S) through Tierra del Fuego (55�S) latitude. And extending east of the Andes, Patagonia includes the provinces of Neuqu�n, R�o Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz, and Tierra del Fuego, as well as the southern tips of the provinces of Buenos Aires, Mendoza and La Pampa. For the most part trout fishing in Argentina Patagonia takes place in 5 distinct provinces (Neuqu�n, R�o Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz, and Tierra del Fuego. The Fly Shop® first opened the doors to Estancia Maria Behety Lodge and Estancia Despedida Lodge more than a decade ago. Since then they, along with La Villa de Estancia Maria Behety , have become the most popular and critically acclaimed and successful fly fishing destinations in all of Tierra del Fuego and perhaps the world. Collectively, The Fly Shop's travel staff has been fishing in Chile and Argentina for more than seventy years. We know the ropes, and can hook you up with the best Patagonia fishing. We led the charge into the great dyer valleys of southernmost Chile in the late 70's and helped establish what are currently the most famous outfitters and lodges in that part of the world. Then, more than a decode ago The Fly Shop® was instrumental in developing what are now the finest lodges on Tierra del Fuego's incomparable Rio Grande.


The Dalai Lama is a high lama in which religion?

BBC - Religions - Buddhism: Dalai Lama Dalai Lama Last updated 2006-09-21 The institution of the Dalai Lama is a relatively recent one. There have been only 14 Dalai Lamas in the history of Buddhism. On this page The rôle of the Dalai Lama Potala Palace, the Dalai Lama's residence until 1959 The Dalai Lama is the head monk of Tibetan Buddhism and traditionally has been responsible for the governing of Tibet, until the Chinese government took control in 1959. Before 1959, his official residence was Potala Palace in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. The Dalai Lama belongs to the Gelugpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, which is the largest and most influential tradition in Tibet. The institution of the Dalai Lama is a relatively recent one. There have been only 14 Dalai Lamas in the history of Buddhism, and the first and second Dalai Lamas were given the title posthumously. According to Buddhist belief, the current Dalai Lama is a reincarnation of a past lama who decided to be reborn again to continue his important work, instead of moving on from the wheel of life. A person who decides to be continually reborn is known as tulku. Buddhists believe that the first tulku in this reincarnation was Gedun Drub, who lived from 1391-1474 and the second was Gendun Gyatso. However, the name Dalai Lama, meaning Ocean of Wisdom, was not conferred until the third reincarnation in the form of Sonam Gyatso in 1578. The current Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso. Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama, as a child © Choosing a Dalai Lama After the death of a Dalai Lama it has traditionally been the responsibility of the High Lamas of the Gelugpa Tradition and the Tibetan government to find his reincarnation. The High Lamas search for a boy who was born around the same time as the death of the Dalai Lama. It can take around two or three years to identify the Dalai Lama, and for the current, 14th Dalai Lama, it was four years before he was found. There are several ways in which the High Lamas might find out where the next reincarnation will be found. Dream One of the High Lamas may dream about some mark or location that will identify the boy. Smoke If the previous Dalai Lama was cremated, High Lamas will watch the direction of the smoke and search accordingly. Oracle Lake High Lamas go to a holy lake, called Lhamo Lhatso, in central Tibet and watch for a sign from the lake itself. This may be either a vision or some indication of the direction in which to search.The home and village of Tenzin Gyatso was identified in a vision from this lake. Once the High Lamas have located the home and the boy, they present a number of artefacts which they have brought with them in preparation, to the child. Amongst these artefacts are a number of items that belonged to the deceased Dalai Lama. If the boy chooses the items that belonged to the previous Dalai Lama, this is seen as a sign, in conjunction with all of the other indications, that the boy is a reincarnation. This procedure, however, as Tenzin Gyatso has said himself, is not set in stone; if two thirds of the Tibetan people wish to change the method of identifying the next reincarnation, this would be just as valid. The search for the Dalai Lama has usually been limited to Tibet, although the third tulku was born in Mongolia. However, as Tibet has been taken by the Chinese government, Tenzin Gyatso says that if he is reborn it will not be in a country run by the People's Republic of China, or any other country which is not free. In order to see this content you need to have both Javascript enabled and Flash installed. Visit BBC Webwise for full instructions Interestingly, Tenzin Gyatso has also expressed doubts over whether he will be reborn at all, suggesting the function of the Dalai Lama may be over. However, until Tibet is reunited with its spiritual leader, it seems likely that there will continue to be a Dalai Lama. Top Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso is the fourteenth Dalai Lama of Tibetan Buddhism. He was born in 1935 and recognised as the reincarnation of Thubten Gyatso at a young age. Tenzin


What was the first name of the poet Coleridge?

Samuel Taylor Coleridge - Poet | Academy of American Poets Academy of American Poets The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy’s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. browse poems & poets read this poet's poems Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a leader of the British Romantic movement, was born on October 21, 1772, in Devonshire, England. His father, a vicar of a parish and master of a grammar school, married twice and had fourteen children. The youngest child in the family, Coleridge was a student at his father's school and an avid reader. After his father died in 1781, Coleridge attended Christ's Hospital School in London, where he met lifelong friend Charles Lamb. While in London, he also befriended a classmate named Tom Evans, who introduced Coleridge to his family. Coleridge fell in love with Tom's older sister, Mary. Coleridge's father had always wanted his son to be a clergyman, so when Coleridge entered Jesus College, University of Cambridge in 1791, he focused on a future in the Church of England. Coleridge's views, however, began to change over the course of his first year at Cambridge. He became a supporter of William Frend, a Fellow at the college whose Unitarian beliefs made him a controversial figure. While at Cambridge, Coleridge also accumulated a large debt, which his brothers eventually had to pay off. Financial problems continued to plague him throughout his life, and he constantly depended on the support of others. En route to Wales in June 1794, Coleridge met a student named Robert Southey. Striking an instant friendship, Coleridge postponed his trip for several weeks, and the men shared their philosophical ideas. Influenced by Plato's Republic, they constructed a vision of pantisocracy (equal government by all), which involved emigrating to the New World with ten other families to set up a commune on the banks of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania. Coleridge and Southey envisioned the men sharing the workload, a great library, philosophical discussions, and freedom of religious and political beliefs. After finally visiting Wales, Coleridge returned to England to find that Southey had become engaged to a woman named Edith Fricker. As marriage was an integral part of the plan for communal living in the New World, Coleridge decided to marry another Fricker daughter, Sarah. Coleridge wed in 1795, in spite of the fact that he still loved Mary Evans, who was engaged to another man. Coleridge's marriage was unhappy and he spent much of it apart from his wife. During that period, Coleridge and Southey collaborated on a play titled The Fall of Robespierre (1795). While the pantisocracy was still in the planning stages, Southey abandoned the project to pursue his legacy in law. Left without an alternative plan, Coleridge spent the next few years beginning his career as a writer. He never returned to Cambridge to finish his degree. In 1795 Coleridge befriended William Wordsworth , who greatly influenced Coleridge's verse. Coleridge, whose early work was celebratory and conventional, began writing in a more natural style. In his "conversation poems," such as "The Eolian Harp" and "This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison," Coleridge used his intimate friends and their experiences as subjects. The following year, Coleridge published his first volume of poetry, Poems on Various Subjects, and began the first of ten issues of a liberal political publication entitled The Watchman. From 1797 to 1798 he lived near Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy, in Somersetshire. In 1798 the two men collaborated on a joint volume of poetry entitle


The first successful public operation under which anaesthetic was carried out at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1846 by William Morton?

Timeline - History of Anaesthesia Society History of Anaesthesia Society International Timeline of important dates and events in the development of anaesthesia This section chronologically presents some of the important dates and events in the development of anaesthesia.  It is by no means exhaustive.   24th December 1298 Theodoric of Lucca, Italian physician and bishop, dies.  He had used sponges soaked with opium and mandragora for surgical pain relief. 1525 Ether is first used on animals by Paracelsus. 1540 Valerius Cordus first synthesizes diethyl ether by distilling ethanol and sulphuric acid. 1628 William Harvey publishes the first description of systemic circulation in  Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus. 1733 Invasive arterial blood pressure measurement is described by Reverend Stephen Hales who inserted specially designed glass pipes into the femoral arteries of horses.  The non-invasive blood pressure cuff would be introduced by Scipione Riva-Rocci in 1896. 13th March 1733 Joseph Priestley Joseph Priestley is born near Leeds.  Among many other achievements, this Unitarian minister and scientist isolated nitrous oxide. In 1774 Priestley wrote about his research on gases, "I cannot help flattering myself that, in time, very great medicinal use will be made of the application of these different kinds of airs..." 23rd May 1734 Franz Anton Mesmer Franz Anton Mesmer is born. He later received a grant from Louis XVI to study the magnetic influence of the stars on human beings.  In his Memoire sur la decouverte du magnetisme animal (published 1779) he described using magnets and hypnosis to cure various ailments.  'Mesmerism' was widely used for surgical pain relief prior to the introduction of anaesthesia. 19th January 1736 James Watt James Watt is born in Greenock, Scotland. Watt, of workable steam engine fame, developed a partnership in the mid-1780s with Thomas Beddoes as Beddoes attempted to market his therapeutic applications of Priestley's "factitious airs" or gases. Watt developed equipment for Beddoes' use; some of this equipment was later used in Bristol during the nitrous oxide experiments of 1799 and 1800.  1743 Charles-Marie de La Condamine publishes the first written account of curare in which it was described as 'flying death' that would 'kill in less than a minute'. 20th March 1750 Dutch chemist Martinus van Marum is born. From about 1790 to 1808 Van Marum was an active member of the Society of Dutch Chemists which studied gases- including nitrous oxide- and published some 35 papers based on that research. 13th April 1760 Thomas Beddoes Thomas Beddoes is born in Shropshire. Beddoes began to explore the potential medical uses of gases in  the late 1780s.  He was assisted by none other than James Watt, who developed some equipment for Beddoes' use.  In 1798 Beddoes founded the Pneumatic Institute in Bristol, England, where Humphry Davy did his nitrous oxide research.  He died on 24th December 1808. 17th December 1778 Humphry Davy is born in Penzance, Cornwall. 18th January 1779 Peter Mark Roget Peter Mark Roget is born in London.  After graduating from medical school in Edinburgh he  worked with Thomas Beddoes and Humphry Davy on their famous nitrous  oxide research.  Roget wrote the Encylopaedia Brittanica entry on Beddoes and near the end of his life created his eponymous thesaurus. 26th December 1780 John Fothergill Physician John Fothergill dies.  In 1744 he published an account of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to revive the apparently dead. 8th May 1794 Antoine Laurent Lavoisier Antoine Laurent Lavoisier  is beheaded in the early days of the French Revolution. It was Lavoisier who had discovered oxygen.  It is said that he had told  his friends that he would start blinking as the guillotine blade fell and  they were to to see how long his eyes carried on blinked after his head was severed.  The result was some 15 seconds! 17th April 1799 In a letter published in Nicholson's Journal, Humphry Davy announces to the world that nitrous oxide can be inhaled by humans. "I have th


An orchestra frequently tunes to an A provided by which instrument?

Orchestra Set-Up - Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra March 24 & 25, 2017, Kodak Hall at Eastman Theatre - Jeff Tyzik, conductor. On Series X, Z Orchestra Set-Up Useful Terms Seating Arrangements There are several accepted arrangements for symphony orchestra seating; however, the first violins are always to the conductor's left and the percussion usually in the back of the orchestra. The positions of the other instruments vary frequently depending on a conductor's preferences and the acoustical qualities of the given performance space. Size Generally, a full symphony orchestra has 75 to 90 members (sometimes smaller for Baroque- and Classical-period works, and sometimes larger for late-Romantic, 20th or 21st century works). An orchestra is comprised of four sections: String Section - the largest group of the orchestra, with approximately 14 first violins, 12 second violins, 10 violas, 8 cellos, and 8 double basses; Woodwinds - piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon; Brass - 4 French horns, 4 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba; Harps - 1 or 2; Percussion - timpani or kettledrums, bass and side drum, glockenspiel, triangle, cymbals, etc. The use of certain instruments vary depending on the composer's orchestration and the conductor's interpretive decisions; certain compositions require additional instruments (according to the composer's orchestration), such as additional French horns, a saxophone, supplementary percussion, a piano (not as a solo instrument; referred to as orchestral piano), an organ, etc. Similarly, the composer may specify fewer standard instruments than are normally utilized. Concertmaster The "first-chair" violinist (to the conductor's immediate left) is the instrumental leader of an orchestra and a vital liaison between the conductor and musicians. Juliana Athayde is the current concertmaster of the RPO. Principal Player The lead player of each orchestral section who guides the section and performs any solo parts written for their instrument. Assistant Principal Player The stand partner of the principal or concertmaster. Often times, assistant principals will be required to perform a solo along with a principal in an accompanimental or complimentary role; similarly, they must be prepared to perform the principal's roles if the principal is unexpectedly absent or unable to perform. Section Player Refers to all players not sitting in a principal or assistant principal chair. Tuning Just before the concert begins, the orchestra tunes to the note "A" that is initially provided by the principal oboe and then matched by the concertmaster.


What was the name of Vincent Van Gogh's brother?

Vincent van Gogh - Biography - IMDb Vincent van Gogh Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Trivia  (6) | Personal Quotes  (7) Overview (4) 5' 7" (1.7 m) Mini Bio (1) Vincent Willem van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in Zundert, Netherlands. His father, named Theodorus van Gogh, was a Protestant minister. His mother, named Anna Cornelia Carbentus, was a daughter of the "book-binder to the King" Willem Carbentus; who had bound the first Consitution of Holland. Vincent Van Gogh was given the name of his elder brother, who had died at birth a year before Van Gogh was born. He had two junior brothers and three sisters, and was strongly attached to his brother Theo. Young Van Gogh was brought up in a religious and strict atmosphere. He was severely punished by his grandmother at one time. He had a very uncontrollable temper, was highly emotional, and lacked self-confidence. From the age of 7 to 11 he was taught at home by a governess. Then from the age of 11 to 15 he was sent to boarding schools in the Netherlands. His first art teacher was Constantijn Huysmans, a professional artist, who taught the young Van Gogh basic drawing and composition. From 1869-1873 Van Gogh worked for an established art dealer, Goupil & Cie, in the Hague. Then he worked in London and Paris until 1876, when he was fired for showing resentment to the customers. Van Gogh went to England as a minister's assistant. Then he studied theology at the University of Amsterdam for one year, but gave up. He tried to follow his father's profession and become a preacher in Belgium, but was dismissed after a year for "underminig the dignity of the priesthood." He studied at the Royal Academy of Art in Brussels for six months in 1880 and 1881. In the summer of 1881 Van Gogh fell in love with his widowed cousin, Kee Vos, but was cruelly rejected by her. He became upset and resentful. This led to a violent quarrel with his father on Christmas, and he moved in with an alcoholic prostitute for a year. In 1884 Van Gogh had a romance with a neighbor's daughter, who shared his interest in art, but their marriage was opposed by both families. This and the death of his father in March of 1885 caused depression. At that time Van Gogh made his first major work, "The Potato Eaters". In September of 1885 he was accused of making one of his sitters, a young peasant girl, pregnant and was ostracized by the local Church. He moved to Antwerp, where he studied color theory and painting at the Antwerpen School of Arts, and matriculated in January of 1886. While he was away, his mother and sister moved. They left behind almost all of his paintings, of which 70 were bought by a junk dealer and some were burned. From March 1886 to February 1888, Van Gogh lived in Paris. There he met the Impressionists: Claude Monet , Auguste Renoir , Edgar Degas , Alfred Sisley, Paul Signac, Georges Seurat , and brothers Lucien and Camille Pissarro. The Impressionist's use of light and color inspired Van Gogh on updating his own palette. During the Paris years, his color scheme became brighter and lighter. His use of complementary colors in proximity produced remarkable decorative effects. He wrote: "I want to use colours that complement each other, that cause each other to shine brilliantly, that complete each other like a man and a woman." Van Gogh also adopted some ideas of pointillism, but developed his own technique with stronger brush-strokes, sharp composition, and his own color scheme using complementary colors. He created about 200 oil paintings during his two years in Paris. In February of 1888 Van Gogh moved to Arles with a plan to found an art colony. His friend Paul Gauguin joined in October. Van Gogh presented him several paintings of sunflowers, but their cooperation lasted only for two months. Their arguments about art and life were exacerbated by drinking and rivalry for prostitutes. Van Gogh's mental state was alternating between fits of depression and lucidity. At times, his madness led to aggressive actions. In December of 1888 he attacked Paul Gauguin with an open razor, was sto


Waterford Crystal was manufactured in Waterford City, Ireland, from 1783 until the factory was shut down after the receivership of Waterford Wedgwood plc in what year?

Waterford Crystal, Waterford, Ireland  -  Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin   new visitor center Waterford Crystal is a trademark brand of crystal glassware, previously produced in Waterford, Ireland, though the factory there was shut down after the receivership of Waterford Wedgwood plc in early 2009. Waterford Crystal is still produced in other locations throughout Europe, notably Germany and the Czech Republic, by the company WWRD Holdings Ltd.   A crystal business was originally founded in the city in 1783 by George and William Penrose; it produced extremely fine flint glass that became world-renowned. However, their company closed in 1851. In 1947, Czech immigrant Charles Bacik, grandfather of Irish senator Ivana Bacik, established a glass works in the city, due to the superb reputation of the original glassware. Aided by fellow countryman and designer Miroslav Havel, the company started operations in a depressed Ireland. By the early 1950s it had been taken over as a subsidiary of the Irish Glass Bottle company, owned by Joseph McGrath, Richard Duggan and Spencer Freeman of the Irish Hospitals' Sweepstake, heavy investors in Irish business at that time.   Jasper Conran began designing his signature range of crystal for Waterford in 1999. The endeavour has evolved into four unique lines for Waterford and a complementary tableware collection in fine bone china for Wedgwood in 2001. In May 2005, Waterford Wedgwood announced the closure of its factory in Dungarvan in order to consolidate all operations into the main factory in Kilbarry, Waterford City, where 1,000 people were employed by the company. The move resulted in nearly 500 Dungarvan workers losing their jobs.   Waterford Crystal Limited was, until March 2009, a subsidiary of Waterford Wedgwood plc, itself formed through the acquisition by the then Waterford Glass Group of the famous pottery manufacturer Josiah Wedgwood in 1986. The last chairman was Tony O'Reilly, and the CEO John Foley. The leading shareholders of the holding company were former billionaire O'Reilly and his family, joined in the last decade by O'Reilly's brother-in-law, Greek shipping heir Peter Goulandris. Waterford Wedgwood was forced into receivership in early 2009. On 5 January 2009, news of the receivership of Waterford Wedgwood Ltd. was announced in Ireland and the UK.   On 30 January 2009 it was announced that the Waterford Crystal plant in Kilbarry was to shut down immediately, despite earlier promises to discuss any such move with the unions in advance. The Kilbarry operation featured a tourist centre offering guided tours of the factory, a gift shop, cafï¿½, and gallery. Many of the employees performed an unofficial sit-in The sit-in made the BBC News, hoping to prevail upon receiver Deloitte to retain those jobs. On 4 February 2009, there were protests across the city at how the workers were being treated. On 27 February 2009, the receiver, David Carson of Deloitte, confirmed US equity firm KPS Capital were to purchase certain overseas assets and businesses of the Waterford Wedgwood Group. The sit in ended in March, 2009 after workers agreed to split a payment of ï¿½10m. The fight by the workers to keep the factory open is chronicled in a PBS online documentary.   blown glass being shaped in mold Under the receivership managed by Deloitte, ownership of most of Waterford Wedgwood plc's assets was transferred to KPS Capital Partners in March 2009. Waterford Crystal, along with Wedgwood, Royal Doulton, and other brands, were transferred to the new company WWRD Holdings Ltd. The sale did not include the factory or visitor centre in Kilbary, Ireland. The visitor centre shut its doors on January 22, 2010. A new visitor and manufacturing facility opened in June 2010.   adding more glass Waterford produces many patterns of lead crystal stemware, including lines such as Adare, Alana, Colleen, Kincora, Lismore, Maeve, Tramore, and many others.   getting more glass from the furnace In 1966 Waterford's chandeliers were ins