The Old Kent Road in London follows the line of which Roman road ?

London's missing Roman road Improbable   as it seems I believe I have found a missing Roman road in South London and   Westminster. I am not a trained archaeologist  but I am as convinced as I can be (without a formal archeological dig) that  I have found the original course of Watling Street, the most important road  in Roman Britain.  I have always wondered why the A2, the Roman Watling Street deviates from the  straight line it follows throughout Kent to follow this very unconvincing route. The top red line shows where the Roman road 'ought' to go, and if I am right,   where it actually does go (apart from a slight deviation to the south in the   Deptford and Greenwich area); the bottom line shows its present route. I   have found a method of finding Roman roads by using a form of 'field walking',   that is, by checking for any unusual subsidence patterns that an object as   massive as a Roman road might have generated. This   is not an entirely new method, it has long been recognised that in open countryside   traces of Roman roads often remain, but it is generally assumed that it is   not possible to find any traces in built-up urban areas. However, it would   seem that even where areas were completely levelled during the urbanisation   of London that under certain conditions further settling takes place leaving   characteristic undulations, particularly on the kerbstones of pavements. Bizarrely   the effect is strongest in the low walls often found around council estates. I   drew a pencil line on a map of the theoretical alignment of the continuation   of Watling Street and followed this as best I could to see if any traces were   still remaining. Initially I did not expect to find much because South London   is now heavily built-up. To my astonishment I found this strong and unusual   subsidence pattern on a council estate just to the north of Elephant and Castle   almost exactly where my pencil line had predicted it to be, and I knew I was   on to something. Falmouth Road, Rockingham Estate, SE1 In   fact, these indications of what is almost certainly Watling Street occur along   a considerable length of where the Roman road 'ought' to be, that is, following   the straight alignment. I   found this particularly strong subsidence pattern over a mile to the east   of Elephant and Castle in the oddly named Galleywall Road (this name has very   obvious Roman connotations - a galley is a type of Roman ship). It is an almost   identical feature to the Falmouth road one and probably represents the road having been 'robbed out', that is, its materials have been dug out for other   building purposes. Galleywall Road, Bermondsey, SE16 The most   curious thing about this original route is that after passing through Greenwich   and Deptford it continues straight through South London to cross the Thames   at Westminster. After this it almost certainly joined up with the North London   Watling Street, the present Edgware road. If my theory   is correct then the original Watling Street was built to cross the existing   crossing at Westminster (almost certainly a ford). It was never intended to   cross at the London Bridge crossing as is usually assumed, and this raises   questions as to why the Romans chose to make London their city and not Westminster.   (see pre-Roman London and)   This   is a transcription (merely changing the strange long 'S's with modern ones)   of a document I found at the Guildhall Library in London (it was too old to   photocopy) by checking a reference that the road had been seen in South London   in the eighteenth century. It is part of a description of the route Watling   Street took when it was still visible, before much of South London was built   upon. This was written by the famous antiquarian William Stukeley (best known   for his research on Stonehenge). He has followed Watling Street down from   Warwickshire and this is how he describes the missin


Only two planets in our Solar system have retrograde rotation: Uranus and which other ?

Which planets have retrograde rotation? | Reference.com Which planets have retrograde rotation? A: Quick Answer The planets in our solar system that have retrograde rotation are Venus, Uranus and Pluto. Retrograde rotation refers to a planet, moon or other object that rotates in the opposite direction of the general rotation in a solar system. Full Answer The term "retrograde rotation" can also refer to the illusion that the planets change direction in the sky. This is caused by the motion of Earth as it passes a slower-moving planet. The changing view and different speeds of the planets can make them appear to move backwards. This can be strange to witness, but is an illusion of backwards motion.


In which sport is the Stanley Cup awarded ?

First Stanley Cup championship played - Mar 22, 1894 - HISTORY.com First Stanley Cup championship played Share this: First Stanley Cup championship played Author First Stanley Cup championship played URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1894, the first championship series for Lord Stanley’s Cup is played in Montreal, Canada. The Stanley Cup has since become one of the most cherished and recognized trophies in sport. The Stanley Cup was the creation of Sir Frederick Arthur Stanley, lord of Preston and the 16th earl of Derby. Stanley was of noble birth, the son of a three-time prime minister of England. He served in Canada’s House of Commons from 1865 until he was named governor general of Canada in 1888. Stanley became an ice hockey fan after watching an 1889 game at the Montreal Winter Carnival. Stanley’s family, sons and daughters alike, also became enraptured with the game that had taken Montreal’s sporting public by storm since its introduction in 1875. In honor of the new sport, Lord Stanley then donated a lavish trophy to the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The trophy, originally called the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, was first presented in 1893 to the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association (AAA) team, champions of the Amateur Hockey Association. Stanley had intended for the cup to be presented to the winner of a challenge series, or tournament, so in 1894 it was given to the Montreal AAA team upon their defeat of the Ottawa Generals in the championship round of a tournament specifically created to award the Cup as Lord Stanley had intended. Since 1926, the Stanley Cup has been awarded solely by the National Hockey League every year except 2005, when the NHL was on strike. The original trophy that Lord Stanley donated was retired in 1962. Since then, only one trophy has served in its place, making the Stanley Cup the only trophy in major sports that is not reproduced each year. When a team wins the Cup, they are allowed to hold on to the trophy for one year, and the name of every player, coach and front-office employee is inscribed onto it. (In 1954, Detroit Red Wings owner Marguerite Norris, a former goaltender, became the first woman to have her name engraved on the cup.) Each player and front-office employee of the champion team is given 24 hours with the Cup, which they can take anywhere, along with the its full-time escorts, provided by the Hockey Hall of Fame. Since 1895, when the Winnipeg Victorias began the tradition of drinking from the Cup, people have filled it with everything from beer to bath water as they celebrate with friends, family and the public. In its travels, the Stanley Cup has been thrown into swimming pools, taken fishing, played host to a baby’s christening and been drunk from across Canada, the United States and Europe. Related Videos


What surname did actor Charles Buchinsky adopt in the Fifties before finding fame and success in films ?

Stage Names - TV Tropes Stage Names You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share A name used by an actor or actress when: Their own isn't exciting or exotic enough It may be embarrassing or difficult to pronounce Their own isn't British enough (more common in the past but still not a Discredited Trope ) Someone very famous outside the union already has that name Musicians will also take stage names for the first of the reasons listed above or when: They have acquired or given themselves a Rule of Cool new name (especially prevalent in Hip-Hop ). B Performers can go a lot of ways when choosing a new name. Some add a middle name, some add an initial somewhere, some add their mother's maiden name or the name of someone they respect, while others just choose a name at random. Carole Lombard chose her professional surname from a shop sign , for instance. In the old days , a lot of actors had their professional names chosen for them by the studio they were signed to, and others were given a list of approved names to pick from. It has been fairly common for voice-over actors to do non-union work (video games, anime dubs, independent animation projects) under assumed names for less-than-negotiated rates, to avoid the consequences from the union. Often, they are still recognizable. It's becoming less common these days, as many dubbing and game projects can now afford union pay rates. Many female actors retain their maiden names for professional purposes when they get married, since an important part of an actor's marketing is his or her name. Some unions also make it harder for a member to change her name if she already has a long list of credits. Of course, if the new name's already in use by someone else, the actor can't change her professional name anyway. Picking one name can turn into weird coincidences . A common choice is one's mother's maiden name; see Nom de Mom . See also Porn Names for a particular variant of this. Authors have their own equivalent of this, the Pen Name , which is treated as a separate trope. See also Nom de Guerre . Sometimes may be a form of Meaningful Rename .     open/close all folders      Actors  Terry Quinn became Terry O'Quinn becase there was already a Terrance Quinn registered with the actors' guild. Susan Antonia Williams Stockard combined her last name with that of her husband at the time and became Stockard Channing. Michael Andrew Fox became Michael J. Fox upon joining the Screen Actor's Guild because there was a very busy character actor called Michael Fox who was already a member. He chose the fake middle initial "J." so no one could make "Michael, A Fox" jokes (or Canadian "Eh?" jokes ), as well as in tribute to actor Michael J. Pollard. Ben Kingsley 's birth name is Krishna Bhanji. He changed it after it was mispronounced as 'Kristina Blange' during an audition for a high-school play. Hynden Walch (Starfire on Teen Titans ) is actually Heidi Hynden Walch. Tim Allen was born Timothy Allen Dick (who is no relation to Andy Dick, who was born Andrew Thomlinson). He dropped his last name mostly because he didn't think anybody would believe he didn't make it up for a cheap laugh. Don Adams' birth name was Donald James Yarmy. He was once married to an actress with the stage name Adelaide Adams. He became Don Adams because auditions were frequently in alphabetical order. John Wayne 's birth name was Marion Michael Morrison, although as it turns out he was called "Duke" (which was the name of a dog) long before he became "John Wayne". Don Knotts' full name was Jesse Donald Knotts. As revealed in Ray , Ray Charles was born Ray Charles Robinson, but dropped his surname due to the famous boxer "Sugar" Ray Robinson (which itself was the Stage Name of Walker Smith, Jr.). Thomas Cruise Mapother IV dropped his last name, because " Tom Cruise " just sounds much cooler than "Tom Mapother". Nicolas Coppola didn't want to ride on his director uncle's fame, so he took the last name of Super Hero Luke Cage to become Nicolas Cage . Considering that Doctor Who has been on for ov


Who is the Patron Saint of Grocers and Policemen ?

Saint Michael Prayer the malice and snares   of the devil. May God rebuke him we humbly pray; and do thou, O Prince of the Heavenly host, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan   and all evil spirits who wander through the world for the ruin of souls. Amen. Prayer to Saint Michael the Archangel   Prince of the heavenly hosts, conqueror of the infernal dragon, you received from   God the strength and power to destroy through humility the pride of the powers of darkness. We implore you help us to true humility   of heart, to unshakable fidelity, to fulfill the Will of God and to fortitude in sufferings and trials. Help us to stand before the   judgment seat of God.


On a menu, what does ' Au Poivre ' mean ?

Culinary Dictionary - A, Food Dictionary, Whats Cooking America Culinary Dictionary Linda’s Culinary Dictionary – A A Dictionary of Cooking, Food, and Beverage Terms   An outstanding and large culinary dictionary and glossary that includes the definitions and history of cooking, food, and beverage terms. Please click on a letter below to alphabetically search the many food and cooking terms:   A      B      C      D      E      F      G      H      I      J      K      L      M      N      O      P      Q      R      S      T      U-Y      Z . a la (ah lah) – It is French for “in the manner of,” “in the style of,” and “according to” In cooking, this phrase designates the style of preparation or a particular garnish. There is no difference between dishes listed as “a la boulangere” and “boulangere.” Many menus drop the “a la” because it is implied. a la Anglaise (ah-la-an-glaz) – It is a French term for English.  It refers to food which has been dipped in beaten egg, and then coated with bread crumbs and cooked in butter and oil. a la boulangere (boo-lan-jair) – Describes a simple dish of stock, potatoes, and onions.  “Boulangere” is French for “baker.”  In history in France, many homes did not have an oven, so anything to be baked was taken to a local baker to be cooked in his oven. a la Broche – Prepared on a skewer over a flame.  Also called Brochettes. a la Carte (KART) – “Carte” was originally a French term for a piece of paper or cardboard and later a bill of fare or menu.  Today the term means according to the menu and that which is written down as available on the menu.  Refers to meal in which the diner selects individual items, paying for each, rather than taking a complete meal at a fixed price. a la Creole – Dishes prepared with tomatoes, green peppers and onions as the main ingredients. a la Diable (ah-la-dee-abla) – “Diable” is French for the devil or satan.  The term means food served deviled or in the devil’s style, usually served with a very sharp and hot seasoning. a la King – Prepared with a Bechamel sauce containing mushrooms, green peppers, and red or pimento peppers. a la Lyonnaise (ah-la-lee-on-az) – In French the term means with onions or served with Lyonnaise sauce, which is made from onions, white wine, and a meat glaze. a la Maitre d’Hotel – Prepared with a sauce of lemon juice, parsley, salt, pepper, and drawn butter. a la Marinera (ah-la-mah-ree-neh-rah) – Common style of cooking in Spanish cuisine, It says that the food is cooked with white wine, onions and sometimes tomatoes. a la mode (ah lah MODH) – A French word for “in the manner of” or “mode or according to fashion.”  Desserts a la mode are served with ice cream.  Meats cooked a la mode are braised with vegetables and served with gravy. a la Nage – A French term that literally means “in the swim” and refers to the fact that a some kind of seafood is “swimming” in a flavorful broth. a la Plancha (ah-la-plahn-chah) – A Spanish cooking term that refers to the method of cooking  grilled on a metal plate or cast-iron skillet that is used for cooking by dry heat. a la Provencale (prov-on-sal) – Provence is a French maritime province that is famed for its wines and cuisine.  The term is used to describe a dish, which uses products, which flourish, in the area of Provence, namely tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olives. a la Royale – Prepared in the royal style; typically a veloute sauce with truffles, served on poached fish or poultry. a la Russe – Prepared in the Russian style with sour cream or beetroot or both are added.   ababai – Ababai comes from the Caricacae family of fruits, which also contains the Mau Mau, and some forms of papaya.  It is considered an exotic fruit in the United States.  It is imported from Chile, as Chile is the only country in the world that exports this luscious fruit.  Very few countries grow Ababai and then only for their local market. It is a protected fruit in Chile and was only recently available for export. Fresh off the tree, ababai has a thin skin and looks like a small papaya.  It is never eaten fresh due to


Which group's first UK hit was ' Virginia Plain ' in 1972 ?

The Greatest Hits - The 1972 UK Favorites Here they are, the absolutely greatest hits from the history of popular music. The very best music. These are the year's Favorites in the UK. America - Horse With No Name - 01-72 Argent - Hold Your Head Up - 03-72 Badfinger - Day After Day - 02-72 Blackfoot Sue - Standing In The Road - 09-72 Blue Mink - Stay With Me - 12-72 Colin Bluntstone - Say You Don't Mind - 03-72 Bread - Baby I'm A Want You -  02-72 The Bee Gees - Run To Me - 08-72 Archie Bell & The Drells - Here I Go Again - 11-72 Chuck Berry - My Ding-A-Ling - 11-73 David Bowie - Starman - 08-72 David Bowie - John I'm Only Dancing - 10-72 Junior Campbell - Hallelujah Freedom - 11-72 The Carpenters - Goodbye To Love/I Won't Last A Day Without You - 10-72 Johnny Cash - A Thing Called Love - 05-72 David Cassidy - Could it Be Forever/Cherish - 05-72 David Cassidy - How Can I Be Sure - 09-72 David Cassidy - Rock Me Baby - 12-72 Chelsea F.C. - Blue Is The Colour - 03-72 The Chi-Lites - Have You Seen Her - 02-72 Chicory Tip - Son Of My Father - 02-72 The Chiffons - Sweet Talkin' Guy - 04-72 Alice Cooper - School's Out - 07-72 Alice Cooper - Elected - 10-72 Terry Dactyl & The Dinosaurs - Seaside Shuffle - 07-72 Lynsey De Paul - Sugar Me - 09-72 Derek & The Dominoes - Layla - 08-72 Val Doonican - Morning - 01-72 Dr. Hook - Sylvia's Mother - 07-72 The Drifters - At The Club/Saturday Night At The Movies - 05-72 The Drifters - Come On Over To My Place - 09-72 Donnie Elbert - Where Did Our Love Go - 01-72 Donnie Elbert - I Can't Help Myself - 03-72 The Electric Light Orchestra - 10538 Overture - 08-72 The Faces - Stay With Me - 01-72 Family - Burlesque - 11-72 The Fortunes - Storm In A Teacup - 02-72 Free - Little Bit Of Love - 07-72 Gary Glitter - Rock & Roll Part 2 - 06-72 Gary Glitter - I Didn't Know I Loved You (Till I Saw You Rock 'n' Roll) - 10-72 Al Green - Let's Stay Together - 01-72 Greyhound - Moon River - 02-72 Jo Jo Gunne - Run Run Run  - 04-72 Hawkwind - Silver Machine - 08-72 Michael Jackson - Got To Be There - 02-72 Michael Jackson - Rockin' Robin - 06-72 Michael Jackson - Ain't No Sunshine - 09-72 Michael Jackson - Ben - 12-72 The Jackson Five - Lookin' Through The Windows - 12-72 Python Lee Jackson - In A Broken Dream - 10-72 Elton John - Rocket Man - 05-72 Elton John - Crocodile Rock - 11-72 John & Yoko/Plastic Ono Band - Happy Xmas (War Is Over) - 12-72 Tom Jones - The Young New Mexican Puppeteer - 04-72 Judge Dread - Big Six - 10-72 Gladys Knight & The Pips - Help Me Make It Through The Night - 12-72 Vicky Leandros - Come What May - 04-72 Leeds United F.C. - Leeds United  - 05-72 Lieutenant Pigeon - Mouldy Old Dough - 10-72 Little Eva - The Loco-Motion - 08-72 Lindisfarne - Meet Me On The Corner - 03-72 Lindisfarne - Lady Eleanor - 06-72 Dandy Livingstone - Suzanne Beware Of The Devil - 10-72 Love Unlimited - Walkin' In The Rain With The One I Love - 07-72 Marmalade - Radancer - 05-72 Don McLean - American Pie - 02-72 Don McLean - Vincent - 06-72 Melanie - Brand New Key - 01-72 Chris Montez -Let's Dance - 11-72 The Moody Blues - Isn't Life Strange - 06-72 The Moody Blues - Nights In White Satin - 12-72 Mott The Hoople - All The Young Dudes - 08-72 The Move - California Man - 06-72 Johnny Nash - Stir It Up - 05-72 Johnny Nash - I Can See Clearly Now - 07-72 Johnny Nash - There Are More Questions Than Answers - 10-72 The New Seekers - Beg Steal Or Borrow - 03-72 The New Seekers - Circles - 07-72 New World - Sister Jane - 06-72 Nilsson - Without You - 02-72 Donny Osmond - Puppy Love - 07-72 Donny Osmond - Too Young - 09-72 Donny Osmond - Why - 11-72 Little Jimmy Osmond - Long Haired Lover From Liverpool - 12-72 The Osmonds - Crazy Horses - 11-72 Gilbert O'Sullivan - Alone Again (Naturally) - 03-72 Gilbert O'Sullivan - Ooh-Wakka-Doo-Wakka-Day - 07-72 The Partridge Family - It's One Of Those Nights (Yes Love) - 04-72 The Partridge Family - Breaking Up Is Hard To Do - 07-72 Johnny Pearson Orchestra - Sleepy Shores - 01-72 Elvis Presley - I Just Can't Help Believing - 01-72 Elvis Presley - Until It's Time For You To Go -


Sean Connery's first Oscar was awarded for his role in which film ?

Sean Connery Wins Supporting Actor: 1988 Oscars - YouTube Sean Connery Wins Supporting Actor: 1988 Oscars Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 28, 2010 Cher and Nicolas Cage presenting Sean Connery the Oscar® for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in "The Untouchables" at the 60th Academy Awards® in 1988. Category


Which Cricket county's 'Twenty/20' team are known as the 'Gladiators' ?

Live Twenty20 Cup Cricket - what time is it on TV? Episode 0 Series 0 cast list and preview. Live Twenty20 Cup Cricket Gloucestershire Gladiators v Somerset Sabres not currently available Add this to your watchlist to find out when it is available via broadcast or catch-up. Watchlist ADVERTISEMENT Summary Gloucestershire Gladiators v Somerset Sabres. This evening's Midlands/Wales/West match comes from the County Ground in Bristol. The Gladiators are struggling to qualify for the knockout phase, but the Sabres are still well in contention. Both of the teams' meetings last season fell victim of the weather without a single ball being bowled. Sport


The island of Rapa Nui is better known as what ?

Mythology and traditions of Rapa Nui – Under the influence! by ztevetevans Mythology and traditions of Rapa Nui Rapa Nui is better known as Easter Island and is one of the most isolated populated places in the world. Situated in the south eastern Pacific Ocean around 4,000 kilometres from Chile, South America its nearest inhabited neighbour is Pitcairn Island 2,075 to the west.  There in the extreme isolation of the vast Pacific Ocean a unique and amazing civilization evolved that created the most wonderful giant statues and left behind a fascinating and mysterious legacy. Today the inhabitants of the island are known as the Rapanui. According to legend the original settlers named the island Te Pito Te Henua which translates as Navel of the World. Ahu Tahai English: Ahu Tahai – By Gallardoval – CC BY-SA 3.0 The lost land of Hiva Rapa Nui mythology tells how the first settlers arrived on the island and later how the island was divided to be ruled by different clans whose chiefs were descended from a legendary chieftain called Hotu Matu’a. The location of Hiva is not known for certain but it is thought likely that it was somewhere in the Marquesas Islands, some 3,200 km way, or the Gambier Islands, 2,600 km distant. It was shown in 1999, that it was possible to sail from Mangareva, in the Gambier Islands to Rapa Nui, using traditional Polynesian sea vessels in 19 days. According to oral tradition Hotu Matu’a lived in a place called Marae Renga, which may have been an island in the region of Hiva, or a land location. According to some versions, Hiva was found in the Marquesas Islands but sunk beneath the sea after a natural disaster, possibly a volcanic eruption. It could have been this that drove Hotu Matu’a into making the arduous journey to Rapa Nui and pioneer a new life for his family and his people. Other oral traditions say that it was internal conflicts that drove him to seek a new way of life. The dream of Hau-Maka Amanecer en Tongariki, Isla de Pascua – By Alanbritom – CC BY-SA 2.0 According to most versions of the legend of how the people came to Rapa Nui it was a priest called Hau-Maka who had a dream which he then told to Hotua Matu’a. In that dream Hau-Maka had flown out over the sea and discovered an island called Te Pito ‘o te Kāinga’, which means ‘the centre of the earth’ He then appeared to Hotu Matu’a in a dream to tell him this news. Hotu Matu’a believed the dream was his destiny and that of his people, so he sent out seven scouts in canoes to find this place. When they found it they ate and rested and planted crops of yams, and other plants on the new island so that when they returned with their King and people they would have something ready to eat. Landing at Anakena beach Oral tradition states that Hotu Matu’a and his people landed at Anakena beach in double hulled canoes similar to what Polynesians use to this day. From there they colonised the rest of the island which eventually was to be divided between his sons who went on to head their own clans. The hanau eepe and the hanau momoko Rapa Nui mythology tells that once two different ethnic groups lived together on the island. One group or tribe of people was called the hanau eepe. This term has been mistranslated as meaning ‘long-ears’ when it actually means ‘stout’ or ‘stocky.’ However one of the traits of the hanau eepe was that they inserted pebbles into their ear lobes causing them to elongate overtime. The other group was the hanau momoko. They did not practise ear elongation and kept their ears short, mistakenly becoming known as the ‘short-ears,’ when the term really means slender or thin. Some experts think that the hanau eepe may have had higher status and were better fed than the hanau momoko who they thought were the workers or lower classes of their society. Other experts argue that the hanau epee came from South America and were an entirely different ethnic group from the hanau momoko who were of Polynesian origin and there is no agreed consensus among by the experts on this at the moment, other than to disagree with each other. In som


Which traditional Valencian dish is named after the Spanish word for pan?

Spanish Paella - An insight into Spain's most famous dish No products in your shopping cart. Spanish Paella SPANISH PAELLA – A comprehensive look at the traditional Spanish paella including the origins of paella, cooking paella and variations of Spain’s most famous dish. Also detailed are traditional Spanish paella recipes and cooking techniques along with tips on paella equipment and Spanish ingredients. Traditional Spanish Paella The paella is Spain’s favourite dish. It encompasses all that is Spanish . . . the colour, passion, variety and social warmth of the people. Originally a poor man’s dish, the paella has worldwide fame with each region, town, village and even household creating their own versions of this gastronomic phenomenon. There are many paella competitions all over Spain ranging from the biggest to the best tasting and each region has its own dedicated ‘Paella Day’ in Barcelona it is a Thursday and here in Andalucia it is a Friday although traditionally it was Spain’s very own Sunday lunch. Origins of the Spanish Paella The origin of paella can be traced to the region of Valencia in south eastern Spain where rice is extensively grown, without which there would be no paella! The traditional and original ‘Paella Valenciana’ contained apart from rice, chicken, pork or rabbit and whatever vegetables could be found in the countryside such as tomatoes and peppers. It was traditionally cooked by the workers out in the fields using whatever was available from the land at the time to combine with the rice in order to make a filling, nutritious meal to sustain the workers for their day of work. Since its humble beginnings, the paella has adapted and blossomed and can contain a whole host of ingredients including seafood, different meats and other local specialities such as chorizo , Serrano ham or purely vegetables. It is because of the contrasts of the country, the people and the variety within Spain that the ancient paella dish has evolved from being a cheap means of feeding many people to a beautiful, exciting social dish steeped in tradition. Spanish Paella Ingredients Although modern day paellas can contain almost anything, there are a few basic ingredients which must be included for the paella to be a real Spanish paella and the rice used is the most important one. True paella rice comes from Valencia and is known as ‘arroz de calasparra’ it is short grain, has a protective ‘denominacion de origen’ quality stamp and has outstanding absorption characteristics. Local ‘bomba’ rice is also considered the perfect rice for paella as it too is deliciously plump with capabilities of absorbing the all important stock, thus each grain being packed full of flavour. When cooked, genuine paella rice should be soft, moist and each grain needs to be separated – totally different from risotto rice which goes creamy and sticks together. Another characteristic of perfect paella rice is it produces a delicacy known as ‘socarrat’ which is when the rice sticks to the pan at the bottom and becomes crispy. Although this can be achieved by turning up the heat for the final few minutes of cooking your paella, the only way to do this properly is to cook your paella outdoors on a wood fire as was the traditional method. Saffron is probably the next most important ingredient which gives the rice the lovely, deep golden yellow colour. Colorants can be used to achieve a similar colour but there is nothing quite like the true taste and smell of saffron. Although saffron is quite expensive, only a small amount is needed as a little goes a long way. It will also keep for up to three years if stored in the right conditions and really is a key ingredient in a truly authentic paella. Cooking the Spanish Paella Whatever the chosen ingredients, a paella must be cooked in a proper paella pan or ‘paellera’ which is a large flat shallow pan first introduced to Valencia by the Romans. The characteristics of this special pan, means all the ingredients are cooked in one layer and the rice absorbs the stock right down to the bottom where most of the fla


Which actress became known as ' The Sweater Girl ' ?

Lana Turner biography | birthday, trivia | American Actor | Who2 Lana Turner Biography   Name at birth: Julia Jean Mildred Frances Turner Known as the “Sweater Girl,” Lana Turner (like Betty Grable ) was a popular pinup for GIs in World War II. After the war she became a genuine movie star, helped by her contract with powerful MGM Studios. Her best-known movies included The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946) and Peyton Place (1957). She became one of Hollywood’s favorite legends for allegedly being “discovered” at Schwab’s Drugstore on Sunset Boulevard. (Her official site claims the actual location was the Top Hat Cafe, across the street from Hollywood High.) Her notoriety was assured in 1958 when her lover, mobster Johnny Stompanato, was stabbed to death with a kitchen knife by her daughter Cheryl Crane. (The killing was later ruled justifiable homicide.) Turner was married to seven men, including bandleader Artie Shaw . In the 1980s she had a recurring role on the TV series Falcon Crest. Her autobiography, Lana: The Lady, the Legend, the Truth, was published in 1982. Extra credit Turner’s eyebrows were shaved off for her role in the 1938 film The Adventures of Marco Polo. The eyebrows never grew back, and thereafter Turner wore false eyebrows in public… Her birthdate is sometimes listed as 1920, not 1921. Turner claims in her autobiography that 1920 is an old error and that her birth certificate gives the date as 1921.


How many different fences are jumped in the Aintree Grand National ?

Course and Fences It is illegal for anyone aged under 18 to gamble Grand National Course and Fences The Grand National is the ultimate test of horse and jockey. The race comprises two full circuits of a unique 2ï¿½ mile (3,600 metres) course, where challengers will face 30 of the most testing fences in the world of jump racing. It was originally designed as a cross-country steeplechase when it was first officially run in 1839. The runners started at a lane on the edge of the racecourse and raced away from the course out over open countryside towards the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The gates, hedges and ditches that they met along the way were flagged to provide them with the obstacles to be jumped along the way with posts and rails erected at the two points where the runners jumped a brook. The runners returned towards the racecourse by running along the edge of the canal before re-entering the course at the opposite end. The runners then ran the length of the racecourse before embarking on a second circuit before finishing in front of the stands. The majority of the race therefore took place not on the actual Aintree Racecourse but instead in the adjoining countryside. That countryside was incorporated into the modern course but commentators still often refer to it as "the country", much to the confusion of millions of once-a-year racing viewers. Nowadays, around 150 tonnes of spruce branches, sourced and transported from forests in the Lake District, are used to dress the Liverpool course's jump fences. Each fence used to be made from a wooden frame and covered with the distinctive green spruce. However, a radical change for the 2013 renewal saw that frame replaced by a softer, more forgiving material known as "plastic birch", for safety reasons. Each of the 16 fences on the course are jumped twice, with the exception of The Chair and the Water Jump, which are jumped on the first circuit only. You can take a jockey's eye view of the Grand National course via the video below: Safety Changes Following safety reviews after both the 2011 and 2012 renewals, a number of changes were made to the course with some reductions in fences or the drop after fences, plus the levelling of landing zones. Since 2013, the start of the race is now 90 yards closer to the first fence, reducing the race to four miles and three-and-a-half furlongs, from four-and-a-half miles, while measures were introduced to stop horses getting caught up in the starting tape. In particular, the start now includes the 'no-go' zone, which is defined by a line on the track, being extended from 15 yards to around 30 yards from the starting tape. The starter's rostrum has been moved to a position between the starting tape and the 'no-go' zone to reduce the potential for horses to go through the starting tape prematurely. The tapes themselves are also more user-friendly, with increased visibility, while there is now a specific briefing between the starters' team and the jockeys on Grand National day. The changes to the start are aimed at slowing the speed the first fence is approached at, while moving the start further away from the crowd reduces noise that can distract the horses. The makeup of all of the fences changed significantly in 2013. The new fences are still covered in spruce, but wooden posts have been replaced by a softer material known as "plastic birch", and on top of that birch there's a minimum of fourteen to sixteen inches of spruce that the horses can knock off. The outward appearance of the fences remains the same. Other measures included ï¿½100,000 being invested in irrigation to produce the safest jumping ground possible and a new bypass and pen around fence four to catch riderless horses. The Start There is a hazard to overcome even before the race starts - the build up, parade and re-girthing prior to the off lasts for around 25 minutes, over double the time it takes for any other race. With 40 starters, riders naturally want a good sight of the first fence and after the long build-up their nerves are stretched to breaking point, which means


Which country uses the international car registration ZA ?

Vehicle Verifications | TransUnion South Africa Request more information Act with confidence when buying, selling or financing a vehicle Our Verifications solution gives the wider South African motor industry the power to reduce crime, risk and losses – even helping to improve business practices. By sharing the wealth of vehicle information stored in our database, we can help you prevent the sale, auction, registration, financing and insuring of suspect, invalid or stolen vehicles. Verifications brings together the results of extensive international experience, using state-of-the-art technology in the sourcing, aggregation, management and dissemination of data relating to vehicles. Our comprehensive vehicle information is widely used by dealers, asset finance institutions, loss adjusters, auctioneers and the public sector for the confirmation of specific motor vehicle identification and verification criteria. Our database is updated daily from reputable sources, such as the South African Police Service (SAPS), and is fully supported by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers South Africa (NAAMSA), the South African Council of Banks and the Retail Motor Industry (RMI). The highest international standards of data security, accuracy and audit logging are incorporated and adhered to. Applications Our Vehicle Valuations delivers extensive and dynamic information to enable more informed, less risky vehicle trading decisions. Vehicle Profile Enquiry Identify and confirm vehicles’ primary identifiers, as well as other related financial encumbrances or third-party interest. Financial Registrations Utilised by banks and dealers that finance vehicles to register and confirm legal ownership (title-holder status) and determine outstanding finance. Security Alerts A ‘bolt-on’ IT flag for registering adverse, ownership or irregular vehicle status, as well as a proactive tracing and reporting facility when activity on a flagged vehicle is detected. SAPS Confirmation All vehicle enquiries include an automatic referral to the SAPS in real-time for confirmation of vehicles’ current status (this is not a Police Clearance and does not replace one)


Which Disney cartoon character was originally known as Dippy Dawg ?

Goofy | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia ― Max Goof on Goofy [src] Goofy is an animated character created in 1932 at Walt Disney Productions . He is a tall, anthropomorphic dog who is best friends with Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck . Along with not being extremely intelligent, his main flaw is, predictably, his clumsiness and incomptence, hence his name. Contents Background Personality Clumsy, unintelligent, overprotective, and pure goofy are some of the words that describe Goofy. Aside from this, he is extremely lovable and very charming. Mickey and Donald sometimes consider him annoying, but they still care for him and count him as a close friend. At times, he does not always enjoy being goofy, as his "How To" cartoons revolve around him trying out a new activity and going to great lengths to accomplish it properly. Many times, in his classic cartoons, he has been dumbstruck by women, being the only one of his friends not to have a love interest at the time. However, Goofy has been romantically paired up with Clarabelle Cow. He has shown a level of intelligence as he is shown to be a superb sports player, which requires the ability to follow tactics. He is also smart enough to raise a child alone and provide the best care and eventually see his child grow into a responsible adult. Goofy sometimes notices things others don't. He is very caring and sympathetic and is always willing to help, although he usually ends up doing more harm than help. Goofy has been shown to be embarrassed by his clumsiness at times, but that doesn't stop him trying new things. While naturally on the carefree side, Goofy has a serious tone most often seen when his son Max is on the scene. Like most parents, Goofy is only strict when necessary and makes certain that a minor friction between him and his son doesn't destroy their bond. While Max often feels embarrassed by his father's actions, he sees his father as only "highly animated". Goofy's stern side is also seen when he feels that he's been insulted, although most of the time, it's a misunderstanding. Even though he himself takes pride in being a goofy person, he never stands for others calling him rude synonym names along the lines of dummy or idiot, with the exception of Donald, who berates Goofy often. Goofy is also one of the most versatile Disney characters. Although primarily a good guy, the Goof has occasionally played antagonist roles in a number of cartoons, such as " Ye Olden Days ", " Motor Mania ", " Freewayphobia ", " Goofy's Freeway Troubles ", " Mickey's Christmas Carol ", " Donald's Halloween Scare ", " No Service " and in many of the sports-themed Goofy shorts of the 1940s. Family In A Goofy Movie , a map belonging to "Benjamin Goofey" depicts a trip that Goofy took with his father, implying Benjamin as the name of Goofy's paternal parent. However, in the Disneyland episode " The Adventure Story ", it was said that Goofy's father is called Amos Goofy and that he is in fact the goofy from the cartoon African Diary . In the 1958 comic Goofy's Last Stand, Goofy says "Looky here! Muh pappy was a railroad man!" while showing his family album to his nephew Gilbert . In Goof Troop , Goofy claims he was born in California as the first-born Goof in America. In one Mickey Mouse newspaper strip, Goofy says he grew up in a large family. [3] Goofy's wife has appeared - but always with her face unseen - in some earlier short cartoons depicting the character as a "family man", but his modern appearances portray Goofy as a widower and single father raising his only son, Max Goof. Goofy's family life contrasts with other major Disney characters such as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, who are always shown only as uncles rather than parental figures. (In comic books, Goofy was regularly featured as having a nephew, Gilbert, but that character has only appeared in comics, with no cartoon appearances.) In the European comic books, Goofy has an adventurer cousin called Arizona Goof , who is a spoof of the archaeologist Indiana Jones. Goofy's brother Gaffy (Pappo in the original Italian versio


What is the main currency unit of Vietnamn ?

Vietnamese monetary unit - definition of Vietnamese monetary unit by The Free Dictionary Vietnamese monetary unit - definition of Vietnamese monetary unit by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Vietnamese+monetary+unit Related to Vietnamese monetary unit: Papuan monetary unit ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: monetary unit - a unit of money dong - the basic unit of money in Vietnam hao - 10 hao equal 1 dong in Vietnam Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.


"Which brand of sweets were promoted with the slogan ""What a lot I Got"" ?"

Sweets (Candy) Sweets (Candy) by • Food & Drink No childhood memories are quite so evocative as those of the sweets (in the UK), candy (in the US) or lollies (in Australia) which were such a big part of our life when growing up. "Who knows the secret of the Black Magic box?", "And all because the lady loves Milk Tray", "The Bounty Hunters - they came in search of paradise" . . . Utter these phrases to your friends the next time you're out for a drink or a meal and see how many hours pass before you run out of sweet memories and wind up lamenting that, although some of these delicacies are still around, alas they are much smaller than they used to be . . . What follows is not meant to be an exhaustive list of every piece of confectionery available in the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s - it is really a recollection of some personal favourites (many of them sadly now gone-but-not-forgotten) and some which have become legend. CHOCOLATE STUFF BLACK MAGIC "Who knows the secret of the Black Magic box?". I do! Get stuck into too many Walnut Whip's and you will too . . . BOUNTY "The Bounty Hunters - they came in search of paradise . . .". Coconut and chocolate bars that offered 'a taste of paradise' . . . and a crafty butchers at scantily-clad birds. Unfortunately the little individual black card trays have gone from the Bounty packets these days . . . but the fact still remains that anything combining chocolate and coconut just can't lose! CABANA Cadbury concoction of the sick-making variety. Coconut, caramel and whole cherries encased in milk chocolate - uuurrgh, no more for me, thanks. Lasted for about a year in the early 80s. CADBURY CREME EGGS CADBURY'S LUCKY NUMBERS CHOCOLITE From the US. A thick chocolate bar with air whipped into it. "Chocolate never tasted thick and light as Chocolite". FLAKE The infamous 70s 'choc-as-phallic-symbol' splendour of "only the crumbliest, flakiest chocolate." FRUIT & NUT "Everyone's a Fwuit and Nut case" FRYS 5 CENTRES Mathematically fascinating (not to mention a mite confusing) in that they had 5 centres (Orange, lemon, lime, raspberry and . . . erm . . . another one) but 7 segments per bar. You could work out which segments would have 2 flavours in and which wouldn't (if you were very sad), and it was always a bit annoying if a flavour you liked got mixed with one you didn't. Fry's Five Centres was discontinued in 1992. FRY'S CHOCOLATE CREAM This is Cadbury's oldest established brand. Hawked by cut price Bond George Lazenby ("Big Fry! Big Fry! Big Fry!!!") with a giant model bar. The Fry's chocolate cream bars in Orange and 'plain' outlasted the classic five-segment Rainbow Bar - a multi fruit flavoured choccy bar (See Above) . British TV ads featured a sophisticated country lady chomping leisurely on her cream bar at an auction before coolly swooping in at the very last moment to buy the . . . erm . . . whatever it was. GALAXY COUNTERS These were button-shaped bits of Galaxy chocolate, and they were delicious, but they stopped selling them on their own for some reason. Now you can only get them in packets of Revels. MATCHMAKERS One word . . . Yummmmmmm! And it always seemed that you still had a full box of the things, even when you would suddenly discover it was "empty" MILK TRAY "And all because the lady loves Milk Tray". The pluckiest man on television was the chap who would leap on to moving trains, swing from a helicopter, even brave the January Sales - ''All because the lady loves Milk Tray''. The actor performing these exploits was Australian model Gary Myers, and initially he did most of the stunts himself, before he became too valuable to risk. He says; "I had to do some pretty hairy things. I was supposed to do the great dive into the Blue Grotto in Malta, but a stunt man had already broken his back doing it. Then there was the time I was supposed to be chased by a wolf, swing across a crevasse and land on a three-foot ledge. The producer decided to bring in a stunt man - he missed the ledge, fell fifty feet and was badly injured". MILK TRAY CHOCOLATE BAR A bizarre choccy bar made up


Westminster Abbey is dedicated to which saint ?

UK - London - Westminster: Westminster Abbey - North entra… | Flickr Wally Gobetz By: Wally Gobetz UK - London - Westminster: Westminster Abbey - North entrance The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to as Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral (and indeed often considered one). It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English monarchs.   Legend has it that a shrine was first founded in 616 on the present site, then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island) after a fisherman on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter. In the 960s or early 970s Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar planted a community of Benedictine monks here. The stone Abbey was built around 1045–1050 by King Edward the Confessor, who had selected the site for his burial, and was consecrated on December 28, 1065, immediately before the Confessor's funeral. It was the site of the last Saxon coronation of his successor King Harold. The Abbot and learned monks, with close proximity to the Palace of Westminster became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest.   The Abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings, but none were buried there until Henry III rebuilt it in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to honour Edward the Confessor and as setting for his own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The work continued between 1245-1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of King Richard II. Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel ). Henry VIII had assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the Abbey cathedral status by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the diocese of Westminster and sparing it from dissolution. Westminster was a cathedral only until 1550. The expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may arise from this period when money meant for the Abbey, which was dedicated to St Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.   The Abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Queen Mary, but they were again ejected under Queen Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1579, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" — a church responsible directly to the sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop — and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter. It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period.   The abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design. Further rebuilding and restoration occurred in the 19th century under Sir George Gilbert Scott.   Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century.   Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, all English and British monarchs (except Lady Jane Grey, although it is highly debatable whether she was, either in theory or practice, the Queen of England; and Edward V and Edward VIII, who did not have coronations) have been crowned in the Abbey.  St Edward's Chair, the throne on which British sovereigns are seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the Abbey; from 1296 to 1996 the chair also housed the Stone of Scone upon which the kings of Scotland are crowned, but pending another coronation the Stone is now kept in Scotland. According to H.V. Morton's "In Search of London," a ghostly monk is said to appear in the Abbey on the eve of a coronation. The book states that the monk was last seen prior to the coronation of George VI in 1937. (The book was published in 1951; it is unknown if the mon


Whose first solo UK No. 1 single was ' I'm Still Waiting ' in 1971 ?

Every UK Number One: “I’m Still Waiting” | Talk About Pop Music Talk About Pop Music Google, Apple, Spotify, YouTube – Everybody Talk About, Pop Music Main Menu · by Raewyn's Photos · in 1971 , Every UK Number One Song , Music . · What was the number one song in the UK on 21st August 1971? “I’m Still Waiting” by Diana Ross was Number One on 24th August 1971 and stayed there for four weeks. So it is another trip down memory lane. This is an unfamiliar song to me. Not sure why but sometimes I feel that being in New Zealand at this time meant being on another planet. This is very different to the last number by Mungo Jerry. More soul And definitely a more American sound. “I’m Still Waiting” is a popular song written and produced by Deke Richards and recorded by Diana Ross, which first appeared on her 1970 album Everything Is Everything. It reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart in August 1971. “I’m Still Waiting” continued the vein of sophisticated soul as heard on Ross’s breakthrough solo hit “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough.” However it was only a modest success in the US, reaching #63 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and #40 on the R&B chart. Although initially intended only as an album track, BBC Radio 1 disc jockey Tony Blackburn featured it heavily on his morning programme and persuaded EMI, who then issued all Tamla Motown material in the UK, to release it as a single. On the UK Singles Chart, it reached No. 1 for four weeks in August 1971,[1] prompting a retitling of the album Surrender in the UK to I’m Still Waiting. Thanks Wikipedia for that info. Down-under here in New Zealand we had a fight for number one between… and   Totally different to what was going on in the UK. So I did a bit of research and found that our state broadcasting corporation was dictating to the public which songs we should be listening to. The state obviously didn’t want to corrupt our impressionable minds. They refused to allow private radio licences which was not very democratic or fair of them. Here  you can find out a bit more about our history. So it is back to the future for me. Do you remember these songs? Let me know in the comments below or tweet me  @PopAndTalk Share this:


Name the last film in which Sean Connery played the role of James Bond.

7 James Bond Movies Starring Sean Connery Buy from Amazon In 1962, the movie-going world was introduced to James Bond, a British secret agent with a devil-may-care attitude and license to kill, and with it the success of the spy movie in the 1960s was born. In this first film, Bond is sent to Jamaica to investigate the death of a fellow British agent, only to encounter deadly assassins, a sexy femme fatale and even a poisonous tarantula. With the help of CIA agent Felix Leiter and the bikini-clad Honey Rider - who makes an unforgettable entrance - Bond searches for the headquarters of the fanatical Dr. No, a Chinese scientist bent on world domination. Made on a low budget, Dr. No was a big box office hit and laid the cornerstone for what would become the most successful film franchise in history. Check Amazon rating » continue reading below our video Actors Who Have Played James Bond MGM Home Entertainment Buy from Amazon Undeniably the gold standard of Bond films, Goldfinger set forth the template for all other 007 pictures: theme song sung by a popular artist, a focus on high-tech gadgets – in this case an Aston Martin complete with ejector seat – and a maniacal arch-villain who spouts campy one-liners while devising Rube Goldberg-like methods of trying to kill Bond. That’s not to say any of this is bad; Goldfinger is a wildly entertaining movie that introduced a lethal hat-throwing henchman called Oddjob and the sultry villainess Pussy Galore. It was a clear departure from the first two films and set the stage for increasingly flashier productions, setting the precedent that each subsequent film had to surpass its predecessor. Check Amazon rating » MGM Home Entertainment Buy from Amazon While on location in Japan, Connery publicly announced that he would be retiring from the role after five movies. In the film, Bond takes on the head of SPECTRE, Ernst Stavro Blofeld (Donald Pleasance), in an effort to prevent a world war after a mysterious rocket ship seizes manned space missions from Earth’s orbit. For the first time, Blofeld’s face was revealed on screen – only his hands and back of his head were seen in From Russia with Love and Thunderball – while the movie continued the trend of shifting away from the real-world espionage of the earlier movies toward the campy world-domination plots that defined the Roger Moore era. Check Amazon rating » MGM Home Entertainment Buy from Amazon In 1971, Connery famously said that he would never play Bond again. Fast-forward 12 years and he agreed to return for one final performance. Never Say Never Again was the only Bond film not produced by Broccoli and Saltzman’s Eon Productions. Instead it was written and produced by Kevin McClory, who managed to retain rights to Fleming’s novel, Thunderball, after a lengthy legal battle. Essentially a remake of Thunderball, the movie saw an aging Bond brought out of retirement to do battle with megalomaniacal millionaire Maximillian Largo, who steals several nuclear warheads in order to bring the world to its knees. The film opened mere months after Roger Moore ’s Octapussy, and set a record for the best opening for a Bond film. It also was a return to form for Connery after the silliness of Diamonds Are Forever, and allowed him to depart the character on a high note. Check Amazon rating »


Types of Governments Types of Governments The Key 2 Liberty involves learning the principles of freedom for yourself and then sharing your knowledge with others. TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS Left vs. Right It is amazing how much the meaning of the words “left” and “right” changes from one person to another when referring to various types of governments.  Every news media outlet portrays a different point of view.  Many people view the political scale ranging from communist governments on the far left to fascist governments on the far right placing “moderate” governments in the middle.  This type of political scale leads to confusion as it provides little information regarding the power structure between the leaders of a government and its people.  The far left and far right of this political scale are governments that are structured from the top down.  The leaders have complete control of the people and determine the rules that they must follow without their consent.  Governments in the middle of this scale have less control over the people but the level of control is ambiguous. The discussion of left vs. right governments becomes even more perplexing since it is common for people to refer to political parties as being associated with “the left” or “the right”.  In the United States the Democrats are commonly referred to as being the party of “the left” while the Republicans are depicted as the party of “the right”.  Using the words “left” and “right” in this context does not provide any information regarding the level of control the leaders of the government have over the people.  For the remainder of this section on the web site, Types of Governments, the words “left” and “right” will specifically refer to types of governments and not political parties. The Founders used a different scale to measure governments.  Their scale was based on the degree of power the leaders had over the people.  On the left side of the scale are governments that exercise tyrannical control of the people such as in a monarchy or dictatorship.  On the right side of the scale there is no government or a state of anarchy.  The middle of the scale represents governments that give a certain degree of power to the people.  This web site will use the Founder’s definition of the governmental power scale when describing different forms of governments with tyrannical governments having total control of the people on the far left to no government or a state of anarchy on the far right. The different types of governments will be described in the general order from left to right on the Founder’s scale with those having the most control over the people on the far left to a state of anarchy on the far right.  There are many different words that people use to describe governments with some of them having only slight differences.  Three key characteristics of each type of government listed on this page will be described.  The first being whether or not the majority of the people have consented to the particular form of government.  The second is how much control (if any) the people have in their government and the third is the relationship held between the military leaders, the government leaders, and the people. Totalitarian Under this type of government the state has complete control over all aspects of public and private life.  The government is composed of a single political party that operates all sectors of the media and uses mass propaganda to influence the people and stay in power.  Totalitarian governments are positioned on the complete, far left side of the Founder’s scale.  The leader(s) of a totalitarian government are not elected and as a result there is little consideration for the rights of the people.  The people have no say in the operations of the government or creation of the laws that rule them.  The military is always used in a totalitarian style government to keep the current leaders in power and to maintain absolute control of the people.  People who live under totalitarian governments are nev


In Horseracing , at which racecourse are all five of the Irish Classics held ?

Curragh Racecourse | UK Horse Racing | HorseRacing.co.uk Address: Curragh, Newbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland Phone: +353 45 441 205    History of Curragh Racecourse The Curragh has one of the richest histories in the world of racing. Cherney’s racing calendar can trace races being held at the course back to 1727, but it is believed that the plain was used before this time to stage amateur horse racing events. In 1865 a commission was established by the house of parliament to examine the Curragh and the resultant 1868 Curragh act of Kildare settled the right of common pasture and the Curragh was preserved for the purposes of horse racing and training. In 1921 the lands passed from the British Crown to the minister for finance and later to the Minister for Defence, who is now responsible for the administration of the track. The total area of the Curragh is 4870 acres and until 1964, much of the land was used to graze sheep. Notable Races of Curragh Racecourse 10 of the 12 Group One races staged in Ireland are held at the Curragh, including all five Irish Classics. These are: Irish 1000 Guineas How to Get to Curragh Racecourse Curragh Racecourse can be reached by road, rail, and air. The Curragh Racecourse is located in County Kildare Ireland. Situated just an hour out of Dublin, punters can take Exit 9 off the M50 onto the M7 southbound. Take Exit 12 off the M7. There is plenty of free parking available, however regular racegoers can secure preferred parking for a nominal rate. Special shuttle buses will depart from Busarus in the Dublin City Centre on race days and will return at the end of the day. However punters should note that these services are not available for the Summer Evening Meeting (around June 3) and Derby Day (around June 24) Visitors can also catch a train to Kildare Town, with complimentary shuttle buses running from the station on race days. Curragh Racecourse Facilities Food and Beverages – The Curragh has a host of on course restaurants and eateries. Visitors can treat themselves at the Bollinger Bar and Bistro, which serves fine cuisine with your favourite glass of bubbly. Add to this the Classic Self-Serve Bistro, Classics Fast Food Outlet and the Balcony Bar and Bistro. What’s more in the Horseshoe Restaurant punters can enjoy fine dining while overlooking the winning post. Corporate/Conference – The Curragh has a number of hospitality options available for your next corporate event. The platinum hospitality option gives visitors parking passes, admission to the Members Enclosure, a private suit for the day, silver service or executive buffet lunch, complimentary wines and bar service, race cards, tote betting facilities and CCTV facilities. The platinum package will set you back around 200 pounds per person, while the Group Value package will set you back around 50 pounds per person. Disabled Facilities – Disabled patrons are asked to contact the racecourse before their arrival to ensure all requirements can be met.


Who was the second U.S. President to be assassinated ?

Kennedy becomes fourth president to be assassinated - Nov 22, 1963 - HISTORY.com Kennedy becomes fourth president to be assassinated Share this: Kennedy becomes fourth president to be assassinated Author Kennedy becomes fourth president to be assassinated URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1963, the nation is shocked by the assassination of its president, John F. Kennedy. Kennedy was riding in an open car in Dallas, Texas, when a gunman named Lee Harvey Oswald fired three shots at him from an upper-level window of a nearby building. Kennedy was pronounced dead upon arrival at a Dallas hospital. He was the fourth president in U.S. history to be assassinated. A bystander named Abraham Zapruder happened to capture Kennedy’s shooting on his 8mm home-movie camera. Zapruder’s film provided graphic visuals of JFK’s death and has since been analyzed extensively for evidence of a potential conspiracy. Even decades later, some scholars, investigators and amateur sleuths continue to insist that Kennedy’s death was a coup d’etat committed by hard-line U.S. anti-communists who feared Kennedy would pull U.S. advisors out of Vietnam and act “soft” on the communist threat from the USSR. Another conspiracy theory that involves a coordinated effort by organized crime, the Pentagon and the CIA to murder the president was explored by director Oliver Stone in his 1991 film JFK. In 1964, however, the federally appointed Warren Commission issued a report on the assassination and concluded that Oswald acted alone. A second investigation conducted in 1979 concluded that there may have been a second gunman, but it concurred with the first report that Oswald was the actual killer. In 1865, Abraham Lincoln became the first president to be assassinated when he was shot by a Confederate sympathizer while attending a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. In 1881, James Garfield was shot by a disgruntled federal employee and lived 80 days before succumbing to his wounds. William McKinley was killed by an anarchist in 1901. Several other presidents have survived or narrowly avoided assassination attempts. Ronald Reagan was shot in the chest in 1981, but survived. Gerald Ford escaped two assassination attempts. An attempt on Andrew Jackson’s life in 1835 was foiled when both of the gunman’s two pistols failed to discharge properly. Related Videos


Who has painted the first official portrait of the Duchess of Cambridge, unveiled at the National Portrait Gallery in 2013 ?

Duchess of Cambridge's first official portrait unveiled - CNN.com Duchess of Cambridge's first official portrait unveiled By Bryony Jones, CNN Updated 1:33 PM ET, Mon January 14, 2013 Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. Photos: Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled – Paul Emsley's "The Duchess of Cambridge" has been unveiled at the National Portrait Gallery in London. The painting is the first official portrait of Catherine , wife of Britain's Prince William, at the gallery. It joins centuries-worth of official paintings and photographs of the British royal family in the gallery's collection. Hide Caption 1 of 6 Photos: Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled – The unveiling of the Duchess of Cambridge's first official portrait at the National Portrait Gallery has attracted considerable attention. Hide Caption 2 of 6 Photos: Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled – Paul Emsley, an award-winning artist born in Glasgow, Scotland, painted the picture from a series of photos taken during two sittings in May and June 2012. Hide Caption 3 of 6 Photos: Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled – The duchess is said to have asked to be portrayed naturally, and Emsley said he had chosen to show her smiling, because "that is really who she is." Hide Caption 4 of 6 Photos: Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled – Catherine, who is expecting her first baby, is reported to be pleased with the finished work, telling Emsley at a private viewing that it is "amazing." Hide Caption 5 of 6 Photos: Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled Duchess of Cambridge's portrait unveiled – However, the reaction from art critics and the public has been more mixed, with many taking to Twitter to share their views that the portrait is unflattering. Hide Caption Duchess of Cambridge's first official portrait, by artist Paul Emsley, unveiled in London Catherine, who is expecting her first baby, posed for the picture last year She is a patron of the National Portrait Gallery, where the painting will be shown Reaction to the portrait has been mixed; many on Twitter claim it is unflattering The first official portrait of Catherine, the Duchess of Cambridge , has been unveiled at London's National Portrait Gallery -- but has met with a mixed reaction from art critics and the public. Award-winning artist Paul Emsley , who spent three-and-a-half months painting the Duchess's likeness, said he had tried to portray her warmth and personality in the picture. "The Duchess explained that she would like to be portrayed naturally -- her natural self -- as opposed to her official self," he said in a video posted on the gallery's website . Duke and Duchess of Cambridge announce royal due date "She struck me as enormously open and generous and a very warm person, so after initially feeling it was going to be an unsmiling portrait I think it was the right choice in the end to have her smiling - that is really who she is." Both Catherine, who is expecting her first baby, and her husband Prince William, are said to be pleased with the finished painting, with the Duchess reportedly telling Emsley at a private viewing on Friday that it is "amazing... brilliant." JUST WATCHED Duchess attends first event since pregnancy However, reaction from art critics and the public has been more mixed, with many taking to social media, including Twitter, to share their thoughts, claiming the picture is unflattering and ages the Duchess beyond her years. Writing in the UK's Guardian newspaper, Charlotte Higgins claimed the painting transformed "a pretty young woman... into something unpleasant from the 'Twilight' franchise ." In the Independent, art critic Michael Glover wrote that the portrait was "catastrophic," combining "hamsterish" cheeks and "hair whose featheriness has been borrowed from an advert for shampoo." Emsley , wh


In which building in central London was London Zoo housed before moving to Regent's Park ?

The London Eye Tickets Prices And 2 for 1 Voucher Discount Details Shopping Walk The Zoo is located in in Regents Park, one of the royal parks not far from Camden Town at the northern part of Central London. As the major zoo in London its a full size zoo with the full range of animals and birds you would expect. The zoo is a registered charity. ZSL London Zoo has almost 750 species of animal, from the smallest monkey  to the tall giraffe. Like zoo's the world over the London Zoo has undergone a raft of changes to bring down the bars and allow visitors to get closer to an astonishing 750 species of animal. Penguin Beach is a firm favourite recreating a South American beach landscape in the heart of London, with stunning colonies of around 200 Macaroni and Humboldt penguins. Sightseeing In London There are also birds, butterflies, giraffes, zebras, and all other shapes and sizes of the world's creatures. With daily shows, live feeds and demonstrations as you would expect from a world class zoo. The London Zoo - Logistical Overview Opening Times: - ZSL London Zoo is open from 10am every day of the year (except Christmas Day) with seasonal closing times between 4 p.m. and 6 p.m. Last admittance is one hour before closing. Location: - The London Zoo is located to the north of the very centre of London where most attractions are. The London Zoo site is at the northern end of Regents Park, one of London's several very large royal parks. The zoo straddles the Regents Canal along which boat trips are available. You can walk along the canal to Camden Lock, one of London's most visited markets, especially for the youngsters. Madame Tussaud's is on the opposite side of Regents Park and Primrose Hill another area of parkland that extends seamlessly north of Regents Park has splendid views of the London skyline. Nearest Underground Station: - ZSL London Zoo is within walking distance of Camden Town (15mins) and Regent's Park (20 mins) stations. Camden Town is on the Northern Line, Regents Park (Bakerloo Line). You can also get the 274 London bus from Baker Street Underground (Circle, District, Bakerloo, Metroplitan and Jubilee Line) to a stop outside the Zoo. Hop On, Hop Off Buses: - None of London's hop on, hop off sightseeing buses have stops at the London Zoo. You can get off at Baker Street (the stop for Madame Tussauds) and get the 274 London bus to the zoo or its a 20 minute walk across Regents Park. London Zoo Ticketing The London Zoo has a straight forward ticket offering with concessions for children, seniors and family tickets. You get about a 5% discount by buying tickets in advance on-line rather than paying on the day. Tickets in Winter, from November to mid February are around 20% cheaper than other months. Fast Track tickets allowing you to skip the entrance queues for instant access are available for which you pay around a 20% premium over standard entrance tickets. Buying direct from the London Zoo official web site (banner link below), offers the cheapest prices. We have been unable to find any discounter who can beat the London Zoo ticket outlet. London Zoo & London's Attraction Passes Railways 2 for 1 Promotion - The railways 2 for 1 entrance promotion is valid at the London Zoo. However, the promotion is only for the walk-up tickets. The London Pass - The London Zoo is supported by London's most popular attraction pass. Popular London Attraction Fast Track Tickets Skip The Lines Tickets At ... London Eye - Amazing panoramic flight on the world's highest observation wheel The Shard - Tallest building in Western Europe with viewing of London from the top. St Paul's Cathedral - Cathedral of the Diocese of London famous dome & venue for royal weddings Westminster Abbey - Along with St Paul's England's main religious building Tower of London - Booking your ticket ahead of time you'll jump the queue at no extra cost. Madame Tussauds - See wax statues of the most famous people in the world London Dungeon - the creepiest attraction in town, the London Dungeon. Hampton Court Palace - Henry VIII Medieval Palace s


The currency of which European country is the Kuna ?

HRK | Croatian Kuna | OANDA Croatian Kuna Overview The Croatian Kuna is the official currency of Croatia, a country in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Croatia has diverse climates, mostly continental and Mediterranean. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast is long and traced by more than a thousand islands. The country’s capital and largest city is Zagreb. Economy Monetary Fund data shows that Croatian nominal GDP stood at $ 69.357 billion or $ 15,633 per capita. In 2008, purchasing power parity GDP was $ 82.407 billion or $ 18,575 per capita. According to Eurostat data, Croatian PPS GDP per capita stood at 63.2% of the EU average in 2008. Real GDP growth in 2007 was 6.0 percent. The average gross wage of a worker in Croatia during the first nine months of 2008 was 7,161 Croatian Kuna (U.S. $ 1,530) per month. In 2007, the unemployment rate defined by the International Labour Organization stood at 9.1%, after falling steadily from 14.7% in 2002. The unemployment rate then went up, reaching 13.7% in December 2008. Privatization and the drive toward a market economy had just begun under the new post-Communist government when war broke out in 1991. As a result of war, economic infrastructure suffered massive damage, in particular in the revenue-producing tourism industry. From 1989 to 1993, GDP fell by 40.5%. The Croatian state still controls a significant portion of the economy, with government spending accounting for up to 40% of GDP. A backward judicial system is of particular concern, combined with inefficient public administration especially on issues of land ownership and corruption. Another problem is a huge and growing national debt. History The Croatian Kuna reappeared in 1939 when the Banovina of Croatia, established in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, was due to issue its own money. In 1941, when the Ustase formed the Independent State of Croatia, the Independent State of Croatia Kuna currency was created. This currency remained in circulation until 1945, when, along with other national institutions, it disappeared at the creation of FPR Yugoslavia. In 1990, Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia. The Croatian Dinar replaced the Yugoslav Dinar at par, and declined in value by a factor of about 70 until replaced by the Kuna a rate of 1 Kuna = 1,000 Dinar when introduced on May 30, 1994, beginning a transition period that ended December 31, 1994. In 1994, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 lipa (the Croatian word for lime or linden tree), and 1, 2, 5 and 25 Croatian Kuna. The coins are issued in two versions: one with the name of the plant or animal in Croatian (issued in odd years) and the other with the Latin name (issued in even years). Symbols and Names Lipa = 1/100 of a Kuna Denominations Bills: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 kn Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 lipa. 1, 2, 5, 25 kn Countries Using This Currency SITE MAP © 1996 - 2017 OANDA Corporation. All rights reserved. "OANDA", "fxTrade" and OANDA's "fx" family of trademarks are owned by OANDA Corporation. All other trademarks appearing on this Website are the property of their respective owners. Leveraged trading in foreign currency contracts or other off-exchange products on margin carries a high level of risk and may not be suitable for everyone. We advise you to carefully consider whether trading is appropriate for you in light of your personal circumstances. You may lose more than you invest. Information on this website is general in nature. We recommend that you seek independent financial advice and ensure you fully understand the risks involved before trading. Trading through an online platform carries additional risks. Refer to our legal section here . Financial spread betting is only available to OANDA Europe Ltd customers who reside in the UK or Republic of Ireland. CFDs, MT4 hedging capabilities and leverage ratios exceeding 50:1 are not available to US residents. The information on this site is not directed at residents of countries where its distribution, or use by any perso


Which city did the Romans make their seat of government when they first occupied Britain ?

BBC - History - Overview: Roman Britain, 43 - 410 AD Print this page Why Britain? Why did the Romans invade Britain in 43 AD? Their empire already extended from the Channel coast to the Caucasus, from the northern Rhineland to the Sahara. The great age of conquest had ended a few decades before. Three legions had been destroyed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest by rebellious German tribesmen in 9 AD, and the emperor Augustus concluded that the empire was overextended and called a halt to new wars of conquest. Britain was an afterthought. It was not about economics. Rome's rulers were already the richest men in history. Nor was it about military security. The Channel was as effective a frontier as one could wish for. Claudius needed to secure his throne. What better than a glorious military victory in Britain? The invasion of Britain was a war of prestige. The 'mad' emperor Caligula had been assassinated in 41 AD, and an obscure member of the imperial family, Claudius, had been elevated to the throne. The new emperor faced opposition from the Senate, Rome's House of Lords. Claudius needed a quick political fix to secure his throne. What better than a glorious military victory in Britain? The army was the core of the Roman state. In a few centuries, it had transformed Rome from a small city-state into the greatest empire of antiquity. Its conquests more than paid for themselves in booty, slaves and tribute. War was highly profitable. Roman culture reflected this, valuing military achievement above all else. Roman leaders had to prove themselves first and foremost as army commanders. And where better for Claudius to prove himself than in Britain? Invasion and conquest Bronze statue of Boudicca located at Victoria Embankment, London    © A century before, in both 55 and 54 BC, Julius Caesar had invaded Britain with the aim of conquest. But revolt in Gaul (modern-day France) had drawn him away before he had beaten down determined British guerrilla resistance. Britain had remained free – and mysterious, dangerous, exotic. In the popular Roman imagination, it was a place of marsh and forest, mist and drizzle, inhabited by ferocious blue-painted warriors. Here was a fine testing-ground of an emperor's fitness to rule. For the Claudian invasion, an army of 40,000 professional soldiers - half citizen-legionaries, half auxiliaries recruited on the wilder fringes of the empire - were landed in Britain under the command of Aulus Plautius. Archaeologists debate where they landed - Richborough in Kent, Chichester in Sussex, or perhaps both. Somewhere, perhaps on the River Medway, they fought a great battle and crushed the Catuvellauni, the tribe that dominated the south east. Boudicca, queen of the Iceni tribe, came close to expelling the invaders Then, in the presence of Claudius himself, they stormed the enemy capital at Camulodunum (Colchester). But resistance continued elsewhere. Pushing into the south west of Britain, the Romans fought a war of sieges to reduce the great Iron Age hill forts of the western tribes. Driving through and beyond the Midlands, they encountered stiffening opposition as they approached Wales, where the fugitive Catuvellaunian prince, Caratacus, rallied the Welsh tribes on a new anti-Roman front. Wales took decades to subjugate. Before it was done, the east of Britain exploded in 60-61 AD. Bitterness against Roman oppression had driven Boudicca, queen of the Iceni tribe, into a revolt that came close to expelling the invaders. Later, under the provincial governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola, the Romans occupied northern Britain, reaching what is now called the Moray Firth in 84 AD. This, though short of total victory, was to be the high water mark of the Roman empire in Britain. Top Occupation Elsewhere, the empire's frontiers were under attack. Reinforcements were needed. Troop numbers in Britain had to be reduced. A phased withdrawal was carried out from the far north, eventually bringing the army to a line that stretched across modern Northumberland from Newcastle-upon-Tyne to Carlisle on the Solway. Thi


What does J.I.T. mean , applied to production scheduling ?

Detailed Scheduling and Planning work remaining 40 A ratio less than 1.0 indicates the job is behind schedule, a ratio greater than 1.0 indicates the job is ahead of schedule, and a ratio of 1.0 indicates the job is on schedule. Demand  A need for a particular product or component. The demand could come from any number of sources, e.g., customer order or forecast, an interplant requirement, or a request from a branch warehouse for a service part or for manufacturing another product. At the finished goods level, demand data are usually different from sales data because demand does not necessarily result in sales; i.e., if there is no stock, there will be no sale. Demonstrated capacity  Proven capacity calculated from actual performance data, usually expressed as the average number of items produced multiplied by the standard hours per item. See: maximum demonstrated capacity. Dependent demand  Demand that is directly related to or derived from the bill of material structure for other items or end products. Such demands are therefore calculated and need not and should not be forecast. A given inventory item may have both dependent and independent demand at any given time. For example, a part may simultaneously be the component of an assembly and sold as a service part. Dispatching rule  The logic used to assign priorities to jobs at a work center. Dispatch list  A listing of manufacturing orders in priority sequence. The dispatch list, which is usually communicated to the manufacturing floor via hard copy or CRT display, contains detailed information on priority, location, quantity, and the capacity requirements of the manufacturing order by operation. Dispatch lists are normally generated daily and oriented by work center. Syn: work center schedule. Distribution  1) The activities associated with the movement of material, usually finished products or service parts, from the manufacturer to the customer. These activities encompass the functions of transportation, warehousing, inventory control, material handling, order administration, site and location analysis, industrial packaging, data processing, and the communications network necessary for effective management. It includes all activities related to physical distribution, as well as the return of goods to the manufacturer. In many cases, this movement is made through one or more levels of field warehouses. Syn: physical distribution. 2) The systematic division of a whole into discrete parts having distinctive characteristics. Economic order quantity (EOQ)  A type of fixed-order-quantity model that determines the amount of an item to be purchased or manufactured at one time. The intent is to minimize the combined costs of acquiring and carrying inventory. The basic formula is: 2 x annual demand x average cost of preparation annual inventory carrying costs percentage x unit cost Syn: economic lot size, minimum cost order quantity. Efficiency  A measure (as a percentage) of the actual output to the standard output expected. Efficiency measures how well something is performing relative to expectations; it does not measure output relative to any input. Efficiency is the ratio of actual units produced to the standard rate of product expected in a time period, or actual hours produced to standard hours, or actual dollar volume to standard dollar volume in a time period. For example, if there is a standard of 100 pieces per hour and 780 units are produced in one eight-hour shift, the efficiency is 780/800 multiplied by 100%, or 97.5%. 80-20  A rule referring to the Pareto principle. The principle suggests that most effects come from relatively few causes; that is, 80% of the effects come from 20% of the possible causes. See: ABC classification. EOQ  Abbreviation for economic order quantity. EOQ=1  Reducing setup time and inventory to the point where it is economically sound to produce in batches with a size of one. Often EOQ=1 is an ideal to strive for, like zero defects. Finite loading  Assigning no more work to a work center than the work center can be expected t


Ports of Athens: Piraeus, Rafina, Lavrio ports - Greeka.com Ports of Athens Need ferry tickets? Book your ferries with us! How to go to Piraeus port? Piraeus is the main port in Athens and the largest port in Greece. It serves most itineraries to the Greek islands and some mainland destinations. Normal ferries, catamarans and flying dolphins depart from Piraeus to the islands many times a day. Piraeus is easily connected to Athens by all means of transport. View: Piraeus port on map of Athens. From Athens centre By taxi: A taxi will normally take about 30 minutes to go from Omonoia/ Syntagma (Athens centre) to the port of Piraeus. The distance is about 10 km. The taxi fare (indicative) from Athens city centre to Piraeus port is 20 euros in day time and 25 euros in night time (24:00-05:00). You can also book a taxi online. By metro: The green metro line starts from Kifissia and ends in Piraeus, right in front of the port. The metro of Athens works from 05:30 am till midnight. In Fridays and Saturdays, it works till 2 am. The green line passes by Omonoia, the central square of Athens. A normal metro ride from Omonoia to Piraeus takes about 25 min. The green line is connected to the other two metro lines (blue and red) in a couple of interchanges. There are trains to Piraeus from all metro stations every 10 min. Ticket price (2015): 1,40 euros. By bus: There is no direct bus from Athens centre to Piraeus Port. Passengers have to take Bus 049 from Omonoia to Piraeus or Bus 040 from Syntagma to Piraeus, get off at Kotzia Square (Piraeus centre) and then walk about 10 minutes to the port. These buses depart from Omonoia/Syntagma to Piraeus every 15-20 min. Normally buses in Athens work from 06:30 am till 22:00 pm, but Bus 040 from Syntagma to Piraeus works 24 hours. Ticket price (2015): 1,40 euros. The port of Piraeus is very big and has many gates, so make sure you know from which gate your ferry leaves. From Athens airport By taxi: There are taxi queues outside all gates of the airport. A taxi ride from the airport to Piraeus port will normally take 40-60 min the most, depending on the traffic. The taxi fare (indicative) from Athens airport to the port of Piraeus is 50 euros in day time and 65 euros in night time (24:00-05:00). You can book your Athens airport transfer online. By metro: You can reach the port by metro. There is a metro station just outside the airport. You take the blue line and change at Monastiraki station to take the green line, which has its terminal just outside the port of Piraeus. The first metro train from the airport leaves at 06:33 am and the last at 22:33 pm. There are trains all day long, every half an hour (at 03' and 33'). The whole ride will take about 1 hour and 20 minutes. Ticket price (2015): 9 euros. Once you get at the port of Piraeus, make sure you find the gate from where you ferry leaves. By bus: This is the most economic way. Bus X96 covers directly the route from Athens airport to Piraeus port. Buses operate 24 hours and the trip takes about 90 min. Buses leave every 20 minutes in the day and from 22:30 pm to 05:00 am they depart every 40 minutes. Ticket price (2015): 5 euros. How to go to Rafina port? Rafina is the second largest port in Athens. It is located on the northwestern side of Attica and it is the closest port to the airport. It serves itineraries to Andros, some Cyclades islands (Tinos, Mykonos, Syros) and Evia. View: Rafina port on map of Athens. From Athens centre By taxi: A taxi will normally take about 1 hour and 15 minutes to go from Omonoia/ Syntagma to Rafina. To get closer to Rafina, visitors can take the blue metro line to Nomismatokopio metro station and take a taxi from there. The trip from Nomismatikopio to Rafina will take about 35 minutes. The taxi fare (indicative) from Athens city centre to the port of Rafina is 50 euros in day time and 65 euros in night time (24:00-05:00). You can book your taxi online. By bus: Suburban (KTEL) buses to Rafina leave from Pedion Areos, in Athens centre. Buses usually leave every hour and the ride takes about 70 min, dependi


Who painted ' The Surrender at Breda ' and ' Las Meninas ' ?

Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda (article) | Khan Academy Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda Essay by Javier Berzal. Email Diego Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda, 1634-35, oil on canvas, 307 cm × 367 cm (Museo del Prado, Madrid) Diego Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda, 1634-35, oil on canvas, 307 cm × 367 cm (Museo del Prado, Madrid) What defines a great leader How military leaders treat their vanquished enemies conveys much of their character. In early modern Europe, paintings of military victories usually followed a preconceived structure: the victorious commander appeared seated high on his horse, or on a throne, while the capitulating general would kneel on the ground. Degraded and humiliated, the conquered army leader would prostrate himself in submission to the contempt of the triumphant general. But what happens if these dynamics are shifted? What would an image of an honorable commander showing respect for a conquered army communicate? Would a magnanimous leader be seen as weak? And how could abstract concepts such as honor or magnanimity be represented? Velazquez’s The Surrender of Breda revolutionized the genre of military painting precisely by emphasizing that to win with elegance and magnanimity is what defines a great leader, and not merely the ferocious capacity to triumph in combat. A commission from the King of Spain Between 1630 and 1635 the Spanish king Philip IV commissioned the construction of a royal palace just outside of Madrid. The Surrender of Breda was one of the paintings that decorated the most lavish room in that palace, the Hall of Realms. This multipurpose room had two important functions; it was a throne room, and it was a place for music and theatrical performances. As such, the Hall of Realms was the space where emissaries and ambassadors were received and entertained. When visitors entered the room, they encountered a highly ornate space decorated with large paintings that celebrated the Spanish king’s military victories. The Surrender of Breda is one of these paintings. It commemorates the capture of the city of Breda during the Eighty Years’ War, a conflict between Spain, which controlled the Low Countries, and the Dutch, who were fighting for political independence. Youthful Dutch soldier (detail), Diego Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda, 1634-35, oil on canvas, 307 cm × 367 cm (Museo del Prado, Madrid) Youthful Dutch soldier  (detail), Diego Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda, 1634-35, oil on canvas, 307 cm × 367 cm (Museo del Prado, Madrid) The aftermath of battle Though the painting depicts a military victory, Velázquez removed the bloody and violent aspects of the battle from the canvas. Instead, he chose to present the aftermath of the battle: the capitulation of the Dutch to the Spanish troops. It is important to notice how Velázquez established the difference between these two groups. The Dutch, on the left, appear disorganized, youthful, and few in number. This contrasts with the Spanish troops located on the right, which are presented as a large, well-organized, and seasoned group. Velázquez’s depiction of the spears, vertically rising over the horizon, has received much attention, to the point that the painting is also known as The Lances. The numerous spears create a sense that there are more Spanish troops than we can actually see and, because of their ordered arrangement, they emphasize the military competence of the Spanish soldiers. Exchange of keys from the Dutch to the Spanish captain (detail), Diego Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda, 1634-35, oil on canvas, 307 cm × 367 cm (Museo del Prado, Madrid) Exchange of keys from the Dutch to the Spanish captain (detail), Diego Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda, 1634-35, oil on canvas, 307 cm × 367 cm (Museo del Prado, Madrid) A painting about magnanimity The center of the painting is dominated by the exchange of the keys. Ambrogio Spinola, the captain of the Spanish troops, receives the keys of the city from Justinus van Nassau. Having descended from his horse, and looking at the Dutch comma