What is the medical condition in which a person has an extreme tendency to fall asleep at inappropriate times?

What is narcolepsy, symptoms & causes - WebMD How Is Narcolepsy Treated? Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the control of sleep and wakefulness. People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness and intermittent, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime. These sudden sleep attacks may occur during any type of activity at any time of the day. In a typical sleep cycle , we initially enter the early stages of sleep followed by deeper sleep stages and ultimately (after about 90 minutes) rapid eye movement (REM) sleep . For people suffering from narcolepsy, REM sleep occurs almost immediately in the sleep cycle, as well as periodically during the waking hours. It is in REM sleep that we can experience dreams and muscle paralysis -- which explains some of the symptoms of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy usually begins between the ages of 15 and 25, but it can become apparent at any age. In many cases, narcolepsy is undiagnosed and, therefore, untreated. What Causes Narcolepsy? The cause of narcolepsy is not known; however, scientists have made progress toward identifying genes strongly associated with the disorder. These genes control the production of chemicals in the brain that may signal sleep and awake cycles. Some experts think narcolepsy may be due to a deficiency in the production of a chemical called hypocretin by the brain . In addition, researchers have discovered abnormalities in various parts of the brain involved in regulating REM sleep . These abnormalities apparently contribute to symptom development. According to experts, it is likely narcolepsy involves multiple factors that interact to cause neurological dysfunction and REM sleep disturbances. What Are the Symptoms of Narcolepsy? Symptoms of narcolepsy include: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS): In general, EDS interferes with normal activities on a daily basis, whether or not a person with narcolepsy has sufficient sleep at night. People with EDS report mental cloudiness, a lack of energy and concentration, memory lapses, a depressed mood, and/or extreme exhaustion. Cataplexy: This symptom consists of a sudden loss of muscle tone that leads to feelings of weakness and a loss of voluntary muscle control. It can cause symptoms ranging from slurred speech to total body collapse, depending on the muscles involved, and is often triggered by intense emotions such as surprise, laughter, or anger. Hallucinations : Usually, these delusional experiences are vivid and frequently frightening. The content is primarily visual, but any of the other senses can be involved. These are called hypnagogic hallucinations when accompanying sleep onset and hypnopompic hallucinations when they occur during awakening. Sleep paralysis : This symptom involves the temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. These episodes are generally brief, lasting a few seconds to several minutes. After episodes end, people rapidly recover their full capacity to move and speak. Continued How Is Narcolepsy Diagnosed? A physical exam and exhaustive medical history are essential for proper diagnosis of narcolepsy. However, none of the major symptoms is exclusive to narcolepsy. Several specialized tests, which can be performed in a sleep disorders clinic or sleep lab, usually are required before a diagnosis can be established. Two tests that are considered essential in confirming a diagnosis of narcolepsy are the polysomnogram (PSG) and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). The PSG is an overnight test that takes continuous multiple measurements while a patient is asleep to document abnormalities in the sleep cycle. A PSG can help reveal whether REM sleep occurs at abnormal times in the sleep cycle and can eliminate the possibility that an individual's symptoms result from another condition. The MSLT is performed during the day to measure a person's tendency to fall asleep and to determine whether isolated elements of REM sleep intrude at inappropriate times during the waking hours. As part of the test, an individual is asked to take


Who wrote the novel The Murders in the Rue Morgue?

The Murders in the Rue Morgue - Books on Google Play Reagan Kaffenberger April 11, 2015 From wat the title says I CANT WAIT TO READ THIS BOOK Ricer Tap-Tap July 28, 2015 Good Whatever the weather.. Full Review Patricia Newton July 11, 2015 I' ve been a Poe fan since my middle school days. This book brings me pleasant memories and reading pleasure :) Debbie Phillips July 6, 2015 Tttttttttt..,. Full Review Roger Greenlaw June 30, 2015 Great read to eliminate boring times Though it suffers from some small errors in converting type set text to digital form and uses archaic words. Most of the intended meanings can be inferred from surrounding text, while one may employ a good dictionary for better understanding. Robin Rife June 22, 2015 , Guadalupe Perez May 29, 2015 Edger Allen Poe His BOOKS Are the BEST,especially The raven and other tales Stephanie Peterson May 28, 2015 Love Love poetry Jackie Lecza May 22, 2015 Murder This reminds me of my favorite band iron maiden Mea Isawesome May 3, 2015 Good I liked it Alan. Culshaw Culshaw July 30, 2015 The murders in the rue morgue and other tales Not my kind of reading Larry Striker March 30, 2015 Love poe . It's a great read Kerri Tyler March 9, 2015 I love Poe !! Full Review Dr Gregory Wright March 4, 2015 Google Play Can't Be Beat I just viewed 100 move titles, cost, this was my first time. I am shock its cheap Full Review sandra hess March 2, 2015 The murders in Rue Mourge: and other tales It was wonderful and worked like a cloud in the sky Full Review March 1, 2015 A fun read. Seminal detective story! Amazing complete earliest Detective Stories. Poe created the detective sleuth who uses observation of detail to solve crime in 4 stories starring 2 detectives. See Murders in the Rue Morgue, Purloined Letter, Mystery of Marie Roget, & Gold Bug- the FIRST detective C.S.I. dramas. Sherlock Holmes, Hercules Poirot, Father Brown & every detective whodunnit would not exist without the genius of Edgar Allan Poe. ;^) Ray Exum II February 28, 2015 Awesome. Before Stephen King, we had Poe. alex hanger February 13, 2015 The murders in the run morgue I didn't like it to much Tina p February 10, 2015 Ok Jack Lio February 5, 2015 The murders It kinda sucked dick Hunter Ebling October 14, 2015 Loved it Poe writes interesting story's I love all of them Full Review Vanessa Faulkinbury August 27, 2016 Not poems not gloomy Loved it it is a great read dB not to dark but lots of mystery could not TB put it down Full Review Alexandria Cales August 14, 2016 The Murders in the Rue Morgue by Edgar Allen Poe Let me begin by offering due praise for what (in my opinion) is possibly his beat work. It is exciting, mysterious, and intelligent. Most of all it is quite entertaining, as it keeps you on the edge of your seat the entire time. Let me end by saying: Poe is not for everyone, neither are Romance novels. So stick to your preferences and avoid dissapointment; and save us from your useless description Phyllis Whitehurst January 24, 2016 Murders in the Full Review craig scilagyi December 20, 2015 Poe! Are you kidding? Read as much as you can handle. He writes in color! Vivid and crispy Cold Michael Alexander Francis OSB November 30, 2015 Gripping classic s Perfect Midnight's reading. Michele Greenberg November 18, 2015 Biteme1152@gmail.com Great book. Djskrechy32 KK CHRISTIE November 10, 2015 It was ok dave delong October 25, 2015 The murders in the rue morgue Good book from Poe Full Review October 15, 2015 CLASSICS from the Master of the Macabre I read these stories as a teenager and again as a young adult. I am now a great grandmother and looking forward to reading them again. Full Review Rob Simmonds December 20, 2016 Can't download - authentication error Really enjoyed reading Poe as a teenager and wanted to reacquaint myself with this groundbreaking author but Google Books is preventing me from doing so. This seems the only place to complain and ask that they fix the download link. Cathy Parrish October 13, 2015 Poe Never a poet before and "never more"...ever like Poe. Chevelle Langston October 1


Which retail chain changed their corporate font in 2009 from Futura to Verdana?

The Font War: Ikea Fans Fume over Switch to Verdana - TIME Follow @TIME Thumbing through his local Swedish newspaper, Göteborg resident Mattias Akerberg found himself troubled by a full-page advertisement for Ikea. It wasn't that the Grevbäck bookcases looked any less sturdy, or that the Bibbi Snur duvet covers were any less colorful, or even that the names given to each of the company's 9,500 products were any less whimsical. No, what bothered Akerberg was the typeface. "I thought that something had gone terribly wrong, but when I Twittered about it, people at their ad agency told me that this was actually the new Ikea font," he recalls. "I could hardly believe it was true." Over its 60 years, Ikea has built a reputation as a purveyor of inexpensive but stylish home furnishings, selling everything from leather sofas to chrome toilet-bowl cleaners. Branding has been a large part of the Swedish chain's success  what urban dweller today, whether in Atlanta or Kuala Lumpur, doesn't recognize that bright blue warehouse, glowing like a beacon of fine living, at the side of the highway? And its signature typeface, a customized version of Futura, has long been an integral part of that brand. But with its 2010 catalogue now arriving in mailboxes, the supplier of headboards and coffee tables to the world's thrifty and trendy has switched to what it sees as a more functional typeface: Verdana. In the process, it has provoked an instantaneous global backlash, the kind that can only happen on the Internet. (Read about Ikea in TIME's Design 100.) "Ikea, stop the Verdana madness!" pleaded Tokyo's Oliver Reichenstein on Twitter. "Words can't describe my disgust," spat Ben Cristensen of Melbourne. "Horrific," lamented Christian Hughes in Dublin. The online forum Typophile closed its first post on the subject with the words, "It's a sad day." On Aug. 26, Romanian design consultant Marius Ursache started an online petition to get Ikea to change its mind. That night, Verdana was already a trending topic on Twitter, drawing more tweets than even Ted Kennedy. IKEA's 2009 online catalogue uses the old typeface. IKEA's 2010 online catalogue features the Verdana font. All this outrage over a font? For some designers, it's an issue of propriety  Verdana, which was invented by Microsoft, was intended to be used on a screen, not on paper. "It has open, wide letterforms with lots of space between characters to aid legibility at small sizes on screen," explains Simon l'Anson, creative director at Made by Many, a London-based digital-consulting company. "It doesn't exhibit any elegance or visual rhythm when set at large sizes. It's like taking the family sedan off-road. It will sort of work, but ultimately gets bogged down." (See pictures of Microsoft.) Carolyn Fraser, a letterpress printer in Melbourne, Australia, adopts a different metaphor to explain the problem. "Verdana was designed for the limitations of the Web  it's dumbed down and overused. It's a bit like using Lego to build a skyscraper, when steel is clearly a superior choice." Others seem mystified by the choice to eliminate one of the chain's key identifying features. "The former typeface definitely better reflected Ikea's design philosophy, giving it a very special, unique flavor that actually fit the company's style," says Vitaly Friedman, editor in chief of the online Smashing Magazine, which is dedicated to Web design. "With Verdana being used all across the Web, Ikea's image not only loses originality, but also credibility and the reputation that the company has built since the 1940s." The main complaint that online protesters have, though, is that the newly adopted font is plain ugly. Especially when it's enlarged to, say, the size of a catalogue headline. Or worse yet, a billboard. So why would Ikea make such a change? The very ubiquity of Verdana seems to be part of the font's appeal. Freely distributed by Microsoft, the typeface allows Ikea to use the same font in all countries and with many alphabets. "It's more efficient and cost-effective," says Ikea spokeswoman Monika Go


What is the standard duration of a chukka in the sport of field polo?

Glossary of Polo Terms. The A to Z of Polo. International Polo, Polo Argentina You are in page: Home > All About Polo > Glossary of Polo Terms Glossary of Polo Terms The A to Z of Polo Appealing Claims by players for a foul generally expressed by the raising of mallets above the head or by a helicoptering motion. Over demonstrative appealing is considered very bad form. Back The number 4 in a polo team is invariable referred to as the 'Back' rather than by his number. Backshot The number 4 in a polo team is invariable referred to as the 'Back' rather than by his number. Ball White and made of plastic. It weighs four and a half ounces and is three and a half inches in diameter. Bandages Bandages or leg wraps used on ponies for support and protection. Bell or hooter This is situated off the side of the field and is rung by the timekeeper to inform umpires when seven minutes of play in a chukka have elapsed. Bowl-in When the umpire starts or resumes play by rolling the ball down the centre of a line up of players. Bump A player is permitted to ride off another to spoil his shot or to remove him from the play. The angle of contact must be no more than 45 degrees. The faster the pony travels, the smaller the angle must be. A good bump can shake discs and dentures loose. Check and turn Slowing a pony down, to turn safely. Chukka There are six chukkas (periods) in high handicap matches, each lasting seven minutes plus up to 30 seconds of overtime. If, during the extra 30 seconds, the ball hits the sideboards or goes out of bounds, or if the umpire blows his whistle for a foul, the chukka is over. There is no overtime at the end of the final chukka unless the score is tied. Players return to the field each chukka with a fresh pony. Chukka comes from the Indian word for a circle or round. Divots Turf kicked up by ponies' hooves. Ends The back lines of a polo pitch. Teams change ends, i.e. switch the halves they defend, each time a goal is scored in order to equalise wind and turf conditions. Equipment Hard helmets for players are compulsory. Knee-pads, whips and spurs are optional. Field A full size polo field is 300 yards by 160 yards, or the area of three soccer pitches. The goal posts, which collapse on severe impact, are set eight yards apart. Goal Any time the ball crosses, at any height, the line between the goal posts, it is considered a goal regardless of who knocks it through, including the pony. Goal Judge An unofficial goal observer appointed to signal a goal (flag over head) or no-goal (flag under waist). Handicap All players are rated on a scale of -2 to 10 (the higher the better). Although the word 'goal' is often used after the rating, it bears no relation to the number of goals a player scores in a match, but to his overall playing ability. A player's horsemanship, range of strokes, speed of play, team and game sense are the factors considered in determining his handicap. The team handicap is the sum of its players' handicaps. (2 x 4 ÷ 6) In handicap matches of six chukkas, the team with the lower handicap is awarded the difference in goals at the start of the game. For example, a 26-goal team would give two goals start to a 24-goal team. For matches other than six chukkas, the side with the lower handicap starts with a number of goals start according to the following formula. The difference in the teams handicaps is multiplied by the number of chukkas to be played and then divided by six. Fractions count as half a goal. For example, a 26 goal team would give a 24 goal team 11/2 goals start in a four chukka match. High Goal Teams with a total handicap from 17-24 goals. It is the highest level of official tournament polo played in the United Kingdom. Hired Assasin A pofessional player. Hook The move whereby a player uses their mallet to block or interfere with an opponent's swing by hooking the mallet of the other player with their own mallet. A player mey only hook if he/she is on the side where the swing is being made or directly in front or behind an opponent. Intermediate Teams with a total handicap of 8-12 goa


What is the title of the first James Bond film?

Dr. No (1962) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A resourceful British government agent seeks answers in a case involving the disappearance of a colleague and the disruption of the American space program. Director: From $0.00 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 22 titles created 11 May 2012 a list of 46 titles created 13 Jun 2013 a list of 30 titles created 20 Dec 2015 a list of 24 titles created 2 months ago a list of 24 titles created 1 month ago Search for " Dr. No " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won     1     Golden Globe. Another    4 nominations. See more awards  » Videos James Bond willingly falls into an assassination ploy involving a naive Russian beauty in order to retrieve a Soviet encryption device that was stolen by SPECTRE. Director: Terence Young Investigating a gold magnate's smuggling, James Bond uncovers a plot to contaminate the Fort Knox gold reserve. Director: Guy Hamilton James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. Director: Terence Young Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. Director: Lewis Gilbert A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. Director: Guy Hamilton James Bond woos a mob boss's daughter and goes undercover to uncover the true reason for Blofeld's allergy research in the Swiss Alps that involves beautiful women from around the world. Director: Peter R. Hunt 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. Director: Guy Hamilton James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. Director: Lewis Gilbert James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. Director: Guy Hamilton Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. Director: John Glen James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. Director: Lewis Gilbert A fake Fabergé egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. Director: John Glen Edit Storyline James Bond (007) is Britain's top agent and is on an exciting mission, to solve the mysterious murder of a fellow agent. The task sends him to Jamaica, where he joins forces with Quarrel and a loyal CIA agent, Felix Leiter. While dodging tarantulas, "fire breathing dragons" and a trio of assassins, known as the three blind mice. Bond meets up with the beautiful Honey Ryder and goes face to face with the evil Dr. No. Written by simon_hrdng See All (169)  » Taglines: 007 The double "O" means he has a license to kill when he chooses...where he chooses...whom he chooses! See more  » Genres: 7 October 1962 (UK) See more  » Also Known As: El satánico Dr. No See more  » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The first of three times James Bond's apartment is shown, the second time being in Live and Let Die (1973), and the third in Spectre (2015). See more » Goofs As Honey is being decontaminated, the final indicator only changes from ACTIVE to CLEAR after she has passed. See more » Quotes In the closing credits, John Kitzmiller 's name is misspelled "John Kitzmuller". See m


In the US and Canada, Labor Day falls on the first Monday of which month?

Labour Day in Canada Home   Calendar   Holidays   Canada   Labour Day Labour Day in Canada Labour Day in Canada is celebrated on the first Monday of September. It originally gave workers the chance to campaign for better working conditions or pay. The day is now part of a long weekend for many Canadians. Labour Day is a time when many Canadians can relax and unwind from work or studies. Labour Day is a time when many Canadians can relax and unwind from work or studies. ©thinkstockphoto.com What Do People Do? Traditionally, Labour Day was an occasion to campaign for and celebrate workers' rights during parades and picnics organized by trade unions. These still play a role in Labour Day for some Canadians, but many people see the first Monday in September as an opportunity to take a late summer trip, perhaps to their country cottage, or enjoy the company of family or friends at picnics, fairs, festivals and fireworks displays. For teenagers and other students, the Labour Day weekend is the last chance to celebrate with a party or to go on a trip before school re-opens for the new academic year. Canadian football fans may spend a large proportion of the weekend watching the Labour Day Classic matches live or on television. The Labour Day Classic consists of three games between high ranking teams in the Canadian Football League. One match is played on the Sunday before Labour Day and two on Labour Day. Public Life Post offices, many businesses, and many organizations are closed on Labour Day in Canada. Schools and other educational establishments are also closed, as Labour Day falls at the end of the summer holiday period. Many public transport services run to a reduced or "Sunday" service, although others may not run at all. There may be some local disruption to traffic around parades, particularly in Toronto, and some congestion on highways and at airports as people return form late summer vacations or trips. Background The origins of Labour Day can be traced back to April 15, 1872, when the Toronto Trades Assembly organized Canada's first significant demonstration for worker's rights. The aim of the demonstration was to release the 24 leaders of the Toronto Typographical Union who were imprisoned for striking to campaign for a nine-hour working day. At this time, trade unions were still illegal and striking was seen as a criminal conspiracy to disrupt trade. In spite of this, the Toronto Trades Assembly was already a significant organization and encouraged workers to form trade unions, mediated in disputes between employers and employees and signaled the mistreatment of workers. There was enormous public support for the parade and the authorities could no longer deny the important role that the trade unions had to play in the emerging Canadian society. A few months later, a similar parade was organized in Ottawa and passed the house of Canada’s first prime minister, Sir John Macdonald. Later in the day, he appeared before the gathering and promised to repeal all Canadian laws against trade unions. This happened in the same year and eventually led to the founding of the Canadian Labour Congress in 1883. Labour Day was originally celebrated in the spring but it was moved to the fall after 1894. A similar holiday, Labor Day is held on the same day in the United States of America. Canadian trade unions are proud that this holiday was inspired by their efforts to improve workers' rights. Many countries have a holiday to celebrate workers' rights on or around May 1. About Labour Day in other countries Read more about Labour Day . Labour Day Observances


What was the name and call-sign of the Apollo Eleven lunar module?

Apollo 11 Moon Landing: How It Worked (Infographic) How the Apollo 11 Moon Landing Worked (Infographic) By Karl Tate, SPACE.com Infographics Artist | September 12, 2012 03:13pm ET MORE NASA's historic Apollo 11 moon mission landed the first astronauts on the lunar surface on July 20, 1969. See how the mission worked in this SPACE.com infographic. Credit: Karl Tate/SPACE.com Launched from Earth on July 16, 1969, the three astronauts of Apollo 11 arrived in orbit of the moon on July 19. The following day, Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin climbed into their lunar module “Eagle” and achieved humanity’s first landing on another celestial body. Mission Commander Neil A. Armstrong was born Aug. 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio.  Armstrong became interested in flight while still a child. In 1950, Armstrong flew combat missions for the U.S. Navy. He became an astronaut in 1962 and commanded Gemini VIII in 1966. Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. “Buzz” Aldrin Jr. was born Jan. 20, 1930, in Montclair, New Jersey.  Aldrin got his nickname “Buzz” as a child. Aldrin flew combat missions for the U.S. Air Force in the Korean War. He became an astronaut in 1963 and piloted Gemini XII in 1966. Command Module Pilot Michael Collins was born Oct.. 30, 1930, in Rome.  Collins became a pilot of jet fighters and experimental planes for the U.S. Air Force. He became an astronaut in 1963 and piloted Gemini X in 1966. To escape from Earth, the astronauts needed the three-stage Saturn V rocket to boost their spacecraft to a velocity of more than 25,000 miles per hour. The lunar lander was tucked safely into the top of the third stage, and the astronauts rode in the Apollo command module atop the stack. The fragile-looking lunar module was just tough enough to keep two astronauts alive and carry them to the surface of the moon. The top half of the vehicle had its own rocket engine, which was fired to lift the astronauts back into lunar orbit to rejoin the command module. At the time of landing, the moon was in a waxing crescent phase as seen from Earth. This was so that the sun would be rising over Eagle’s landing site. The morning’s long shadows would aid the astronauts in identifying landmarks. On final descent, Armstrong noted that the automatic landing system was guiding Eagle toward the boulder-strewn floor of a crater the size of a football field (”West Crater,” not shown below). Armstrong took manual control and skimmed over the crater, landing in a flat plain beyond. Eagle had only about 30 seconds’ worth of fuel left at touchdown.


What is the chemical formula for snow? | Reference.com What is the chemical formula for snow? A: Quick Answer The chemical formula for snow is H2O. It is the same chemical formula as water, as snow is made up of one or a series of crystals of ice. Full Answer A snowflake is either an individual snow crystal or a series of snow crystals stuck together; therefore, its chemical formula is the same as water. Snowflakes have symmetrical patterning, unlike sleet particles which do not have this type of patterning. The ice crystals that make up snow are a six-fold symmetrical pattern. They resemble hexagonal prisms. As snowflakes grow, they tend to branch out and make more complex shapes than simple hexagonal prisms.


US President Franklin Pierce introduced what to White House Christmas tradition in 1856?

Christmas Tree Traditions - Christmas Trees and More - University of Illinois Extension University of Illinois Extension You may also like: Christmas Tree Traditions The decorated Christmas tree can be traced back to the ancient  Romans who during their winter festival decorated trees with small  pieces of metal during Saturnalia, a winter festival in honor  of Saturnus, the god of agriculture. An evergreen, the Paradise tree, was decorated with apples as  a symbol of the feast of Adam and Eve held on December 24th during  the middle ages. Christmas trees were sold in Alsace in 1531. Alsace was at that  time a part of Germany. Today it is part of France. The trees  were sold at local markets and set up in homes undecorated. In the Ammerschweier in Alsace there was an ordinance that stated  no person "shall have for Christmas more than one bush of  more than eight shoe lengths." Sixteenth century folklore credited Martin Luther as being the  first to decorate an indoor tree. After a walk through a forest  of evergreens with shining stars overhead, Luther tried to describe  the experience to his family and showed them by bringing a tree  into their home and decorating it with candles. Some historians  state that the first evidence of a lighted tree appeared more  than a century after Martin Luther's death in 1546. The oldest record of a decorated Christmas tree came from a  1605 diary found in Strasburg, France (Germany in 1605). The tree  was decorated with paper roses, apples and candies. In Austria & Germany during the seventeenth and eighteenth  centuries, the tops of evergreens were cut and hung upside down  in a living room corner. They were decorated with apples, nuts  and strips of red paper. The first record of Christmas trees in America was for children  in the German Moravian Church's settlement in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,  Christmas 1747. Actual trees were not decorated, but wooden pyramids  covered with evergreen branches were decorated with candles. The custom of the Christmas tree was introduced in the United  States during the War of Independence by Hessian troops. An early  account tells of a Christmas tree set up by American soldiers  at Fort Dearborn, Illinois, the site of Chicago, in 1804. Most  other early accounts in the United States were among the German  settlers in eastern Pennsylvania. In 1834, Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, was credited  with bringing the first Christmas tree to Windsor Castle for the  Royal Family. Some historians state that in actuality Queen Charlotte,  Victoria's grandmother, recalled that a Christmas tree was in  the Queen's lodge at Windsor on Christmas Day in 1800. Charles Minnegrode introduced the custom of decorating trees  in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1842. By 1850, the Christmas tree had become fashionable in the eastern  states. Until this time, it had been considered a quaint foreign  custom. Mark Carr brought trees from the Catskills to the streets of  New York in 1851, and opened the first retail Christmas tree lot  in the United States. Franklin Pierce was the first president to introduce the Christmas  tree to the White House in 1856 for a group of Washington Sunday  School children. The first national Christmas Tree was lighted  in the year 1923 on the White House lawn by President Calvin Coolidge.


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How brandy is made - material, production process, manufacture, making, history, used, components, structure Brandy Background The name brandy comes from the Dutch word brandewijn, meaning "burnt wine." The name is apt as most brandies are    made by applying heat, originally from open flames, to wine. The heat    drives out and concentrates the alcohol naturally present in the wine.    Because alcohol has a lower boiling point (172°F, 78°C) than    water (212'F, 100°C), it can be boiled off while the water    portion of the wine remains in the still. Heating a liquid to separate    components with different boiling points is called heat distillation.    While brandies are usually made from wine or other fermented fruit juices,    it can be distilled from any liquid that contains sugar. All that is    required is that the liquid be allowed to ferment and that the resulting mildly-alcoholic product not be heated past the boiling point of water.    The low-boiling point liquids distilled from wine include almost all of    the alcohol, a small amount of water, and many of the wine's    organic chemicals. It is these chemicals that give brandy its taste and    aroma. Almost every people have their own national brandy, many of which are not    made from wine: grappa in Italy is made from grape skins, slivivitz in    Poland is made from plums, shochu in Japan is made from rice, and bourbon    in the United States is made from corn. Beer brandy is better known as    Scotch whiskey. It is universally acknowledged that the finest brandies    are the French cognacs that are distilled from wine. Brandies are easy to manufacture. A fermented liquid is boiled at a    temperature between the boiling point of ethyl alcohol and the boiling    point of water. The resulting vapors are collected and cooled. The cooled    vapors contain most of the alcohol from the original liquid along with    some of its water. To drive out more of the water, always saving the    alcohol, the distillation process can be repeated several times depending    on the alcohol content desired. This process is used to produce both fine    and mass-produced brandy, though the final products are dramatically    different. History It is unknown when people discovered that food could be converted to    alcohol through fermentation. It appears that the discovery of    fermentation occurred simultaneously with the rise of the first    civilizations, which may not be a coincidence. At about the same time that    people in Europe discovered that apple and grape juice—both    containing fructose—would ferment into hard cider and wine, people    in the Middle East discovered that grains—which contain    maltose—would naturally ferment into beer, and people in Asia    discovered that horse milk—containing lactose—would    naturally ferment into airag. The first distilled liquor may in fact have    been horse milk brandy, with the alcohol separated from fermented    horses' milk by freezing out the water during the harsh Mongolian    winter. It is also not known when it was discovered that the alcohol in fermented    liquids could be concentrated by heat distillation. Distilled spirits were    made in India as long ago as 800 B.C. The Arabic scientist Jabir ibn Hayyan, known as Geber in the West,    described distillation in detail in the eighth century. Regardless of its    origin, alcohol was immensely important in the ancient world. In Latin,    brandy is known as aqua vitae, which translates as "water of life." The French still refer        to brandy as eau de vie meaning exactly the same thing. The word whiskey comes from the Gaelic    phrase uisge beatha also meaning water of life. People in the Middle Ages attributed magical,    medicinal properties to distilled spirits, recommending it as a cure for    almost every health problem. Raw Materials The raw materials used in brandy production are liquids that contain any    fo


What was Girls Aloud's 2002 UK Christmas number one single?

BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Girls Aloud top festive chart Monday, 23 December, 2002, 09:22 GMT Girls Aloud top festive chart Girls Aloud have the 50th Christmas number one Made-for-TV pop group Girls Aloud have landed the UK's 2002 Christmas number one single, just a month after they were formed. The all-female group's Sound Of The Underground became the 50th Christmas number one single - beating another group formed by ITV1's Popstars: The Rivals, boy band One True Voice. Who are Girls Aloud? Nicola Roberts, 17, from Runcorn Nadine Coyle, 17, from Derry Kimberley Walsh, 21, from Bradford Sarah Harding, 21, from Stockport Cheryl Tweedy, 19, from Newcastle But they have the worst sales figures for debut singles by any of the UK's reality TV pop stars. Sound Of The Underground sold just over 213,000 copies while One True Voice's Sacred Trust sold 147,000. Both groups were formed with the intention of battling it out for this year's festive chart-topper. They had a huge publicity machine, and most other acts pulled out from the race for the top. But despite the hype, sales were small compared with the amounts sold by past Christmas number ones and other recent TV talent show winners. Pop Idol winner Will Young's first single sold 1.1 million copies in its first week, while runner-up Gareth Gates shifted 850,000 and the first Popstars band, Hear'Say, notched up 550,000. The relatively disappointing performances of the new Popstars bands will raise further questions about whether reality pop has a future. Girls Aloud singer Cheryl Tweedy, 19, said: "This is more than we ever expected. A month ago we were all wondering if we were going to make it into the band. "Now we're celebrating going to number one. It's been an exhausting few weeks but it has all been worth it." Christmas top 10 6. Daniel Bedingfield - If You're Not The One 7. Love Inc - You're A Superstar 8. Las Ketchup - The Ketchup Song 9. Avril Lavinge - Sk8er Boi 10. Robbie Williams - Feel Source: The Official UK Charts Company A spokeswoman for One True Voice said: "Although the guys are disappointed they didn't get to number one, they're pleased with the number two position. "Now they're really looking forward to the New Year and going into the studio with Pete Waterman. And they wish the girls all the best." The fight between the two groups started out as a stage-managed rivalry. But it took an apparently bitter turn when music mogul Pete Waterman - manager of One True Voice - said the girl group did not sing on Sound of the Underground. The female group is managed by Waterman's fellow Popstars judge, Louis Walsh. The Cheeky Girls made number three with Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum), meaning the top three positions were filled by Popstars groups. Transylvanian twins Monica and Gabriela Irimia were laughed off the programme when they auditioned for the girl group - but landed a deal for their song, which was written by their mother. The 19-year-old sisters followed their chart success by signing an advertising deal with internet company Freeserve, and the ad will show them painting each other's bodies - with their trademark hotpants and vests on. Other hits Most other singles had their release dates brought forward to avoid a clash with the Popstars groups. Christmas number ones 1993: Mr Blobby - Mr Blobby Last week's number one, Sir Elton John and Blue joining forces for Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word, fell to number four. Love Inc's You're A Superstar was the third-highest new entry at number seven while Canadian teenager Avril Lavigne's Sk8er Boi entered the chart at number nine. Death In Vegas' Scorpio Rising - featuring Liam Gallagher - entered at number 14, while former Manchester United manager Ron Atkinson's Let's Give Love A Try - tipped as a novelty hit - did not even make the top 75. Of the other seasonal releases, S Club Juniors' Puppy Love made number 11, one place better than Ronan Keating and Lulu's We've Got Tonight. Pop Idol runner-up Gareth Gates' What My Heart Wants To Say plummeted 10 places to 15 after just one week on the chart. Robbie Willi


Which famous comedy double-act partner made the first ever UK mobile phone call, New Year's Day, 1985?

BBC NEWS | Technology | Mobiles rack up 20 years of use Mobiles rack up 20 years of use Comedian Ernie Wise makes the UK's first mobile phone call Mobile phones in the UK are celebrating their 20th anniversary this weekend. Britain's first mobile phone call was made across the Vodafone network on 1 January 1985 by veteran comedian Ernie Wise. In the 20 years since that day, mobile phones have become an integral part of modern life and now almost 90% of Britons own a handset. Mobiles have become so popular that many people use their handset as their only phone and rarely use a landline. Slow growth The first ever call over a portable phone was made in 1973 in New York but it took 10 years for the first commercial mobile service to be launched. The UK was not far behind the rest of the world in setting up networks in 1985 that let people make calls while they walked. The first call was made from St Katherine's dock to Vodafone's head office in Newbury which at the time was over a curry house. For the first nine days of 1985 Vodafone was the only firm with a mobile network in the UK. Then on 10 January Cellnet (now O2) launched its service. Mike Caudwell, spokesman for Vodafone, said that when phones were launched they were the size of a briefcase, cost about ï¿½2,000 and had a battery life of little more than 20 minutes. In 1986 phones were big, bulky and black "Despite that they were hugely popular in the mid-80s," he said. "They became a yuppy must-have and a status symbol among young wealthy business folk." This was also despite the fact that the phones used analogue radio signals to communicate which made them very easy to eavesdrop on. He said it took Vodafone almost nine years to rack up its first million customers but only 18 months to get the second million. "It's very easy to forget that in 1983 when we put the bid document in we were forecasting that the total market would be two million people," he said. "Cellnet was forecasting half that." Now Vodafone has 14m customers in the UK alone. Cellnet and Vodafone were the only mobile phone operators in the UK until 1993 when One2One (now T-Mobile) was launched. Orange had its UK launch in 1994. Both newcomers operated digital mobile networks and now all operators use this technology. The analogue spectrum for the old phones has been retired. Called Global System for Mobiles (GSM) this is now the most widely used phone technology on the planet and is used to help more than 1.2 billion people make calls. Mr Caudwell said the advent of digital technology also helped to introduce all those things, such as text messaging and roaming that have made mobiles so popular.


Who is the narrator in the 2000 film The Grinch Who Stole Christmas?

How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000) | Christmas Specials Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia How the Grinch Stole Christmas! How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000) 3,650pages on iTunes The poster for the film's theatrical release. Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas is a 2000 comedy film from Universal Pictures and Imagine Entertainment , it is loosely based on Dr. Seuss ' 1957 storybook of the same name and its animated adaptation . Because the film is based on a children's storybook, many additions had to be made to the storyline to bring it up to feature-length, including some information about the backstory of the title character . Most of the rhymes used in the book were used in the film, though some were slightly changed, and new rhymes were put in as well. Directed by Ron Howard , produced by Howard and Brian Grazer , and starring Jim Carrey , it is the first theatrical film based on a Dr. Seuss story. DreamWorks was originally planning to co-produce the film, but dropped out at the last minute. However, DreamWorks would internationally distribute another Universal/Imagine Dr. Seuss adaptation, The Cat In the Hat . Anthony Hopkins supplied narration similar to Boris Karloff 's in the original, and the soundtrack included a new version of the original special's song " You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch ". The advance publicity title for the film was simply The Grinch, which was retained for Australian and United Kingdom releases. Contents Synopsis SPOILER: Plot details or story follow. The movie begins with a celebration in the whimsical city of Whoville, where everyone celebrates Christmas with as much happiness and joy, with the exception of the cynical and misanthropic Grinch, who despises Christmas and the Whos with great wrath and occasionally pulls dangerous and harmful pranks on them. As a result, no one likes or cares for him. Cindy Lou Who , a 7 year old Who, becomes aware of the Grinch's existence, and after being saved from a deadly machine by him in the Whoville Post Office, suspects that he isn't as bad as he seems and becomes interested in the Grinch and his history. She asks everyone what they know about him and soon discovers that he has a tragic past. The Grinch actually arrived in Whoville by mistake when he was a baby, and was adopted by a pair of ladies. Although he showed some sadistic tendencies as a child, he was not the cruel, selfish person he would become; he was bullied by his classmates (mostly by Augustus May Who, the current Mayor of Whoville) because of his green and hairy appearance, with the exception of Martha May Whovier. One Christmas season, he made a gift for Martha May, but attempted to shave his face, cutting himself and resulting in his classmates laughing at him and humiliating him. He snapped, lost his temper, went on a rampage against Christmas, and ran away to live on Mt. Crumpit. Cindy, touched by this story, decides to make the Grinch the main participant of the party before Christmas, to the great displeasure of Augustus, who has no choice but to agree to the idea. But when she offers an invitation to the Grinch, he only grumbles and sends her out of his cave. However, after much gossip and debate with himself, he (with a "little help" from Max , his dog) goes to the party anyway. While he is initially disgusted with the party, he starts to genuinely enjoy himself until Augustus proposes marriage to Martha and gives the Grinch an electric shaver as a Christmas present, something that makes him remember his traumatic childhood and go on a rampage again, spoiling the party and upsetting Cindy Lou. The Grinch is pleased with his rampage, but to his dismay, he soon realizes that his attack has not removed the spirit of Christmas from them, and that they will do the commemoration of Christmas tomorrow anyway. Angry with the idea of spending another annoying Christmas in his cave, the Grinch deduces that the Whos only celebrate Christmas because of their extravagant gifts, and he (with the unintended help of Max) decides to steal all their belongings while they sleep. He does


What was the cyclone named that hit Darwin, Australia, in Christmas 1974?

Cyclone Tracy Newsreel [1974] - YouTube Cyclone Tracy Newsreel [1974] Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 25, 2008 Original newsreel of the aftermath of Cyclone Tracy which hit Darwin on Christmas 1974. 34 years later, these images are still as horrifying as ever. Category


Pine needles are said to be a good source of which vitamin?

A good Source of Vitamins C and A - Preparedness AdvicePreparedness Advice A good Source of Vitamins C and A Posted on August 20, 2012 by admin Pine Needle Tea One of the problems that can occur from living off long-term storage foods is lack of vitamin C.  This is a simple problem to overcome in most of the US.  Plain Pine needle tea contains 4-5 times the Vitamin C of fresh-squeezed lemon juice, and is high in Vitamin A.  Pine needle tea is also an expectorant, decongestant, and when cool can be used as an antiseptic wash. Each variety of pine has its own flavor, so you can experiment and determine which is your favorite.  See the warnings at the bottom of this post. Making a cup of tea is easy. Gather a handful of green needles, young ones are best Remove any of the brown little sheaths that may remain at the base of the needles. Cut the needles into ¼ to ½ inch sections. Heat your water to a rolling boil. Pour the boiling water over a tablespoon of the chopped needles. Allow to steep for 5-10 minutes.  The majority of needles should have settled to the bottom of the cup. Drink Dried pine needles can be used as well, so if you have too many left over, consider drying them and using any time you need them in the year. A word of warning Caution: Women who are pregnant, or who could become pregnant, are advised NOT to drink pine needle tea in general for fear it could cause abortion. American Yew


Choirboy Peter Auty sang the film version of which song later recorded as a hit record by Aled Jones?

BBC NEWS | UK | Wales | Snowman singer finds voice at last Monday, 9 December, 2002, 22:22 GMT Snowman singer finds voice at last Aled Jones' version topped the UK singles chart The original voice behind Christmas animation film The Snowman has finally been recognised - after choirboy Aled Jones claimed the credit for 20 years. Viewers had thought Aled - now a familiar presenter of Songs of Praise - was the vocal talent behind the Walking In The Air song, which has delighted families annually since 1982. But the youthful Welsh singer was chosen by composer Howard Blake to release a re-recorded version of the song - a huge hit that catapulted Aled to fame. Chorister Peter Auty, who sang the version used in the animation for just �300 and was left out from the closing credits in the rush to finish the film, was reinstated by producers Monday. Snow joke The animation of Raymond Briggs' picture book tells the heart-warming tale of the relationship between a young boy and his friend, the Snowman, who takes him on a magical journey across the North Pole skies. Commissioned from Snowman Enterprises by embryonic Channel 4 in 1982, it was entirely reliant on music scored by Blake, including haunting Walking In The Air. The Snowman delighted families annually Aled Jones was asked to record the song as a Christmas single in 1985, appearing on Top Of The Pops, and shot to an overnight fame as a child prodigy. Mr Auty re-emerged as an tenor with a series of opera companies including Glyndebourne. But he was never credited for The Snowman. Producers have now created a new introduction to the film to mark its 20th anniversary, and have finally written the wrong. 'Quite miffed' "It's great to have my name on the film after all these years. I'm really pleased people will now recognise it was me," Mr Auty said. "At the time it, didn't really bother me that everyone thought it was Aled. "I was quite happy to be anonymous, but I think my mum and dad were quite miffed on my behalf." A spokeswoman for Mr Jones said: "Aled sang it later on and it got confused in people's minds. They assumed Aled sang it in the film too." Both singers will feature in a documentary about the film, Snow Business, airing on Channel 4 over Christmas. Producer John Coates said: "We thought it was about time to set the record straight." See also:


What creature, noted for feeding on its berries, is linked by name to the mistletoe plant?

Add to Bookmarks Drooping Mistletoe is a common mistletoe in Southern Australia, growing mainly on Eucalyptus and Acacia trees. It is mainly dispersed by one little bird, the Mistletoe Bird and it is the food plant for a beautiful butterfly, the Imperial White and a beautiful moth, the Mistletoe Moth. (Editor's Note: This article was originally published on May 16, 2008.) Australia has a large number of mistletoe species, all of them growing as parasites on various trees and shrubs. Some 84 species are recognised, 70 in the Loranthaceae and 14 in the Viscaceae. In the South-east of the country, much the commonest species is the Drooping Mistletoe - Amyema pendulum . This plant is a parasite of several Eucalyptus trees and several species of Acacia. It has also been found growing on several introduced plants including Hawthorn - Crataegus monogyna and some fruit trees. The plant has long narrow leaves, perhaps a little like Eucalyptus leaves and the stems and leaves hang downwards, leading to its name of drooping mistletoe. The flowers are orange-red, borne in dense clusters in groups of three. They have a long slender tube, which is split in 5 almost to the base. Flowers can be found throughout the year, but mainly in the late spring and early summer. The flowers are succeded by berries, brown as they develop, but ripening to off-white. Drooping Mistletoe flowers A fully grown plant often has the form of an inverted cone hanging below a branch of its host plant and the plants are often very conspicuous, looking so different from their host. Many people look on mistletoe as a pest species and claim that it will kill the tree it is growing on. Clearly killing its host would also kill the mistletoe, which cannot survive on its own. Some trees retain mistletoe plants for a great many years and show no sign of stress. It does happen however that one mistletoe plant often results in many more in its close vicinity and this can result in a tree getting to the point where it has more mistletoe leaves than its own leaf. An example is shown below of a Blackwood tree - Acacia melanoxylon , which has so many mistletoe plants, that the blackwood leaf is mostly obscured. When the tree is as overwhelmed with mistletoe as this, it may go into decline and eventually die. New Holland Honeyeater The New Holland Honeyeater - Phylloptera novaehollandiae is one I have often seen at mistletoe flowers. There is another little bird that plays a very important role in the life of this and several other Australian mistletoes. The Mistletoe Bird - Dicaeum hirundinaceum has a very close relationship with mistletoe plants. The Mistletoe Bird feeds mainly on the berries of the mistletoe and it is the main vector for distrubuting the seeds. Most birds perch across a branch or twig and as a result their droppings fall to the ground. The Mistletoe Birds always perch facing along a branch or twig and their fairly sticky droppings land on the branch and usually stick to it. This deposits the seed, with a dose of fertiliser and gives the new mistletoe plant a good chance of establishing itself on its host plant. This explains why when one mistletoe plant establishes in a tree it is quite common for additional plants to appear in the same tree as the Mistletoe Bird doesn't fly far between meals! Here are the mistletoe birds: Female Mistletoe Bird We built our house on a clear block apart from a few mature Eucalypts, and there were no mistletoe plants in our garden for several years. We had planted a Black Wattle - Acacia mearnsii however and a Mistletoe Bird must have visited us, because a large Drooping Mistletoe soon developed. Since then additional mistletoe plants have appeared in a Blackwood - Acacia melanoxylon and a West Wyalong Wattle - Acacia cardiophylla as well as additional plants in the Black Wattle. I spotted one plant in the Blackwood when it was very young (it subsequently grew to a full flowering plant). Drooping Mistletoe seedling on Melaleuca pustulosa I also discovered an even smaller new mistletoe growing on a Melaleuca pustulosa , whic


What is the birth sign of people born on 25 December?

December 25 Horoscope | Famous Birthdays December 25 Horoscope December 25th Zodiac As a Capricorn born on December 25th, your patience and determination are amongst your most well known qualities. Although no one is immune to occasional frustrations, you attempt to be understanding and calm in all your dealings. Your family and friends often marvel at your ability to keep a cool head in even the most nerve racking situations. Similarly, you are quite determined in all aspects of your life. Whether it be your careers, education, friendships or intimate relations, you use your strong will to accomplish your goals. December 25th Element Earth is your signs paired element and of all 12 zodiac signs, you have the only fundamental connection with the element. As with all Earth signs, your connection to the element makes you grounded and realistic. Instead of being lost in impulse, you prefer to be cautious. More so than any other Earth zodiac sign, you have the tendency to be an active initiator in pursuits that you feel to be worthwhile. While your prudence will always make success possible, you run the risk of avoiding valuable experiences if you embrace an overly-conservative mindset. December 25th Planetary Influence Your sign's planetary ruler is Saturn and as you were born in the first Decan, or part, of the sign, your ruling planet has twice as much influence over your personalty. Being the planet of control, Saturn's influence is reflected in your discipline, determination, patience and organization. In friendships and love, you are extremely devoted, as you are motivated by the idea of bringing security to your loved ones. While you are quick to spoil those you hold dear, it may be surprising for you to realize that you value respect over all other forms of love or affection. Your ambition will always cause bouts of dissatisfaction or low moods, but take refuge in the fact that you are more likely to achieve success than any of the other Capricorn Decans. December 25th Career Patient and hardworking, your personality will give you the opportunity to be successful in any career that you choose to pursue. The world of business is always an options, as you have the determination to obtain high ranking executive or administration position. If the academic world is appealing, you may do well in science or research, much like Sir Isaac Newton, who was also born on December 25th. Your brain power and inclination to help others may lead you to law or medicine, which was the path of Clara Barton, another of your celebrity birthday twins. December 25th Sabian Symbol The Sabian Symbol for your birthday is a group of people entering a large canoe for a journey by water. You have the ability to use the resources around you and within to achieve a greater purpose. With the help of a group, you would be surprised to realize how much can be achieved. Celebrity Relationships Here are a few Capricorn celebrities born on December 25th and their past or present romantic connections:


'Full of Eastern Promise' is an advertising slogan of what exotically positioned chocolate product?

More about the range 1847The business moves to Bridge Street In 1847, the Cadbury brothers' booming business moved into a new, larger factory in Bridge Street in the centre of Birmingham. The new site had its own private canal spur, which linked the factory to the Birmingham Navigation Canal and from there to all the major ports in Britain. More about the new factory 1847Fry's Produce the First Chocolate Bar 18th century France produced pastilles (tablets) and bars. But it wasn’t until Bristol company Fry & Son made a ‘chocolate delicieux a manger’ in 1847 that the first bar of chocolate appeared, as we know it today. The first ever chocolate bar was made from a mixture of cocoa powder and sugar with a little of the melted cocoa butter that had been extracted from the beans. The result was a bar that could be moulded. It might have been coarse and bitter by today’s standards, but it was still a revolution. Shaped into blocks and bars, and poured over fruit-flavoured centres, this plain chocolate was a real breakthrough. But there were many more treats in store... More about the brothers 1866An innovative processing technique is introduced The turning point for the Cadbury business was the introduction of a new processing technique, resulting in the 1866 launch of 'Cadbury Cocoa Essence', the UK's first unadulterated cocoa. Before Cocoa Essence, the cocoa Cadbury produced, like that of many other manufacturers, contained high levels of cocoa butter. They had to add starches to mask its taste and texture. But George Cadbury had heard about an innovative cocoa press being used by a Dutch manufacturer called Coenraad Johannes van Houten. The press squeezed out much of the cocoa butter from the beans, so it wasn’t necessary to add starches. Could this be the way forward? Buying the press was a massive gamble. It was expensive and the brothers had little money. It had to be used for mass production and no one knew if there’d be enough demand for the product. But the Cadbury brothers decided to go for it - the first British manufacturer to go down this route. It was a momentous step, one that changed the British cocoa business and led to the future prosperity of Cadbury. The press was installed in their factory in Bridge Street, Cadbury Brothers’ new product appeared. Cocoa Essence was extensively advertised as 'Absolutely Pure. Therefore Best’, alongside medical testimonials. The marketing of Cocoa Essence helped increase sales dramatically and transformed a small business into the worldwide company that Cadbury is today. More about Cocoa Essence 1875First Milk Chocolate Bar In 1875, a Swiss manufacturer called Daniel Peter added milk to his recipe to make the first milk chocolate bar. This wasn’t a completely new idea; Cadbury produced their milk chocolate drink based on Sir Hans Sloane’s recipe between 1849 and 1875. And Cadbury added their own milk chocolate bars in 1897. But Daniel Peter was still way ahead of them – using condensed milk rather than powdered milk to produce a chocolate with a superior taste and texture. Another Swiss manufacturer invented the conching machine in 1879. This refined chocolate, giving it the smooth texture we know today. Swiss milk chocolate dominated the British market – a situation the Cadbury family set out to challenge in the 20th Century. More about milk chocolate 1875Cadbury makes their first Easter egg The first Cadbury Easter egg was made in 1875. The earliest eggs were made with dark chocolate and had a smooth, plain surface. They were filled with sugar-coated chocolate drops known as 'dragees’. Later Easter eggs were decorated and had their plain shells enhanced with chocolate piping and marzipan flowers. 1878The Cadbury Brothers are inspired by their vision When the Bridge Street factory became too small, George Cadbury had a new vision of the future. 'Why should an industrial area be squalid and depressing?’ he asked. His vision was shared by his brother Richard, and they began searching for a very special site for their new factory. In 1878 the brothers found their new home. T


Which poem written by Clement Moore was originally titled A Visit from Saint Nicholas?

A Visit from St. Nicholas by Clement Clarke Moore | Poetry Foundation A Visit from St. Nicholas by Clement Clarke Moore A Visit from St. Nicholas Related Poem Content Details 'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse; The stockings were hung by the chimney with care, In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there; The children were nestled all snug in their beds; While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads; And mamma in her 'kerchief, and I in my cap, Had just settled our brains for a long winter's nap, When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter, I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter. Away to the window I flew like a flash, Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash. The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow, Gave a lustre of midday to objects below, When what to my wondering eyes did appear, But a miniature sleigh and eight tiny rein-deer, With a little old driver so lively and quick, I knew in a moment he must be St. Nick. More rapid than eagles his coursers they came, And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name: "Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now Prancer and Vixen! On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Donner and Blitzen! To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall! Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!" As leaves that before the wild hurricane fly, When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky; So up to the housetop the coursers they flew With the sleigh full of toys, and St. Nicholas too— And then, in a twinkling, I heard on the roof The prancing and pawing of each little hoof. As I drew in my head, and was turning around, Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound. He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot, And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot; A bundle of toys he had flung on his back, And he looked like a pedler just opening his pack. His eyes—how they twinkled! his dimples, how merry! His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry! His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow, And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow; The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth, And the smoke, it encircled his head like a wreath; He had a broad face and a little round belly That shook when he laughed, like a bowl full of jelly. He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf, And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself; A wink of his eye and a twist of his head Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread; He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work, And filled all the stockings; then turned with a jerk, And laying his finger aside of his nose, And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose; He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle, And away they all flew like the down of a thistle. But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight— “Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night!” Source: The Random House Book of Poetry for Children (Random House Inc., 1983) Discover this poem's context and related poetry, articles, and media. Poet


What was the title of the first Christmas TV special Peanuts cartoon?

A Charlie Brown Christmas How A Charlie Brown Christmas Came to Pass The unlikely beginnings of a holiday classic by Holly Hartman The first of nearly 50 Peanuts television movies, A Charlie Brown Christmas is the longest-running cartoon special in history, airing every year since its debut in 1965. Whimsical, melancholy, and ultimately full of wonder, it is a holiday favorite for countless families. But this cartoon classic almost didn't make it on the air. A Movie No One Wanted In 1963 producer Lee Mendelson made a short documentary about Charles Schulz called A Boy Named Charlie Brown. It included a few minutes of animated Peanuts scenes by Bill Melendez, who had animated the kids for a series of Ford Motor commercials, and music by jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi . Sadly, no television network wanted to air it. But in 1965, after the Peanuts made the cover of TIME magazine, an advertising agent for the Coca-Cola company who had seen the Schulz documentary called Mendelson. The agent asked if Mendelson had thought about creating a Peanuts Christmas special. Mendelson fibbed that he had; the following day, he and Schulz came up with the story. The Wise Men Meet Holiday Roundup The basics of the cartoon were laid out within a few hours. It would include ice-skating; a pageant (Mendelson and Schulz had both flubbed parts in school shows); a mix of Christmas carols and Guaraldi's contemporary jazz; and the message that Christmas is really about the joyful miracle of Jesus's birth. "There will always be an audience for innocence in this country." —Charles Schulz   Schulz wanted A Charlie Brown Christmas to have the religious meaning that was central to his own experience of Christmas. And though the special was made in California, Schulz wanted it to include snowy scenes that recalled his native Midwest. Christmas Critics Even Schulz admitted that he was probably the only person who could have gotten A Charlie Brown Christmas made. Television executives hated it from the start. It was criticized as being too religious—Linus quotes straight from the King James Bible (Luke 2:8-14). It was criticized for featuring contemporary jazz, an offbeat choice for a cartoon. It was criticized for not having a laugh track. It was criticized for using the voices of real children (except for Snoopy, who was voiced by animator Melendez). Peanuts Holiday Specials 1965 A Charlie Brown Christmas 1966 It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown 1973 A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving 1974 It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown 1975 Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown 1986 Happy New Year, Charlie Brown 1992 It's Christmastime Again, Charlie Brown 1995 It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown O Happy Night But it was an instant hit with viewers and reviewers alike. On Thursday, December 9, 1965, A Charlie Brown Christmas was seen in more than 15 million homes, capturing nearly half of the possible audience. That week it was number two in the ratings, after Bonanza. It won critical acclaim as well as an Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program and a Peabody Award for excellence in programming. Lost Footage Unless you've watched A Charlie Brown Christmas from the get-go, you haven't seen the whole show. Coca-Cola, its first sponsor, had left its mark—or rather its logo, which appeared several times. For instance, in the skating scene, Snoopy throws Linus from the rink into a Coca-Cola sign (did you ever wonder where Linus lands?). Later sponsors objected, and the frames were edited out. Several minutes' worth of footage was also clipped to allow more time for commercials, though some has been restored. Until 1997, the scene in which the Peanuts throw snowballs at a can on a fence was missing from both broadcast and video versions.


What celebratory receptacle is falsely claimed to have been modeled on the breast of Marie Antoinette?

Christmas-Themed Quiz Christmas-Themed Quiz Author Topic: Christmas-Themed Quiz  (Read 29232 times) 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic. « Reply #200 on: December 13, 2011, 05:05:21 PM » 1.   cheesy 6.   What was Girls Aloud's 2002 UK Christmas number one single? 7.   pv 9.   Quaid-e-Azam's Birthday is a 25th December celebration in which country? 10.   sf 11.   What was the cyclone named that hit Darwin, Australia, in Christmas 1974? 12.   biggles 19.   Complete the famous rhyming line which follows: "At Christmas play and make good cheer, ... ? 20.   tw 22.   What was the title of the first Christmas TV special Peanuts cartoon? 23.   biggles 24.   Which two states in the US have towns called Christmas? 25.   biggles 26.   What animal is the Scandinavian Christmas Julbock symbol? 27.   Christmas Crackers was the first Christmas edition of which popular UK comedy series? 28.   What song topped the UK charts at Christmas in 1957 and in a medley version in 1978? 29.   Which hugely popular actor was born on Christmas day 1899? 30.   pv 31.   What was Queen's 1984 Christmas single called? 32.   tw 33.   Jackie Wilson's re-issued song Reet Petite became the 1986 UK Christmas number one after helping to advertise what brand? 34.   biggles 52.   mel 53.   biggles 54.   In which country is it a tradition to hide all brooms in the house on Christmas Eve? 55.   Who wrote the songs for the 1954 film White Christmas? 56.   sf « Reply #201 on: December 13, 2011, 05:27:52 PM »    28.         "I Saw Mummy Kissing Santa Clause" If this is correct I remember it the first time around.  Logged ï¿½I'm sure the universe is full of intelligent life. It's just been too intelligent to come here.ï¿½ « Reply #202 on: December 13, 2011, 06:09:03 PM » Do keep up Mel, I put that the other day! I also remember it 1st time around! Logged Do keep up Mel, I put that the other day! I also remember it 1st time around!     for being too clever.    The only other one I can remember from that time around Christmas would have been "Alphabet Christmas"   but that's about it really. I was only 11 years old in 1957 No TV, No Record Player in my house in those days. No wonder I don't know the answer.    Logged ï¿½I'm sure the universe is full of intelligent life. It's just been too intelligent to come here.ï¿½ biggles « Reply #204 on: December 13, 2011, 07:34:29 PM » 29 Charlie Chaplin ? « Reply #205 on: December 13, 2011, 08:26:19 PM » No He was the first one I tried! Logged « Reply #207 on: December 13, 2011, 10:35:53 PM » 29  Clark Gable - always fancied him!! Logged « Reply #208 on: December 13, 2011, 10:50:57 PM » Already said him too, Do keep up! Logged « Reply #209 on: December 14, 2011, 03:43:24 PM » will i give answers? And remember, no matter where you go, there you are. biggles « Reply #210 on: December 14, 2011, 05:40:09 PM » Fine by me, Peter.    « Reply #211 on: December 14, 2011, 06:01:20 PM » 1.   What is the chemical formula of snow? H2O 2.   US President Franklin Pierce introduced what to White House Christmas tradition in 1856?Christmas tree 3.   Which charity in 1949 was the first to produce a Christmas card? UNICEF (originally the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, now called United Nations Children's Fund) 4.   What red-blooming Christmas plant came originally from Mexico? Poinsettia (Euphorbia Pulcherrima) 5.   Brandy is made from distilling what? Wine 6.   What was Girls Aloud's 2002 UK Christmas number one single? Sound of the Underground 7.   Which famous comedy double-act partner made the first ever UK mobile phone call, New Year's Day, 1985? Ernie Wise 8.   White Christmas, a cake made of coconut, crisped rice and dried fruit, is popular in which country? Australia 9.   Quaid-e-Azam's Birthday is a 25th December celebration in which country? Pakistan (also known as Muhammad Ali Jinnah he is considered the country's founder) 10.   Who is the narrator in the 2000 film The Grinch Who Stole Christmas? Anthony Hopkins 11.   What was the cyclone named that hit Darwin, Australia, in Christmas 1974? Tracy 12.   Pi


Which author and creator of Jekyll and Hyde, gave his birthday by formal deed to Anne Ide because she disliked her own birthday of December 25th?

Amazon.co.uk: Customer Discussions: The Sunshine Quiz The Sunshine Quiz Sort: Oldest first | Newest first Showing 201-215 of 215 posts in this discussion Posted on 6 May 2011 15:26:32 BDT BOF © says: I was talking to a golf fanatic (who bored me sh*tless) in the cricket club over the weekend and the question of how many clubs came up I answered 18 he came back with 14, as I had put 14 on your quiz and been told 18 on the answers I had thought no more about it but his reply made me check up. I got this from 'wiki' "A maximum of fourteen clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round. The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules. (Clubs which meet these parameters are usually called 'conforming'.) Violation of these rules can result in disqualification." Methinks I need an extra point (and anyone else who answered 14). best bones K I love you - no sweat. ;-) best bones Mistress K asks the questions so the answers are as per her definition so there, cut the whinging. No complaints from me K, I've maintained my position in the pecking order. Toffeeman says: One last point...just try singing Happy Birthday with all three names.... And on a related subject, the song Happy Birthday by Altered Images is thirty this year..now how old do you feel. Try not to have a heart attack... but here's a Christmas Quiz. Answers are as per my answer sheet so no quibbling. Answers to me by 12pm on 21/12/11. Christmas Quiz 2011 Music 1. Child star Jimmy Boyd sang which hugely popular 1950's Christmas song, which was initially banned by the Catholic Church in Boston because it supposedly mixed sex and Christmas? 2. What is the English title of the carol written in 1818 by Austrian priest Josef Mohr originally called Stille Nacht? 3. The words "Myrrh is mine, its bitter perfume breathes of life, of gathering gloom..." come from which Christmas carol? 4. 'And all the bells on earth shall ring, on Christmas day in the morning...' is from which Christmas carol? 5. In Coldplay's 2010 Christmas single video, the Latin phrase Credo Elvem Etiam Vivere (seen above the stage) loosely means what? (combining an ironic rock'n'roll myth, with a seasonal sentiment popularised by Greg Lakes's 1975 Christmas hit - and for two bonus points: name the Greg Lake song, and the Coldplay 2010 Christmas single)? 6. Who composed the music known as The Nutcracker Suite, for the Christmas themed ballet The Nutcracker, premiered in St Petersburg, 1892? 7. In the song 'The Twelve Days Of Christmas', how many swans were a-swimming? 8. Driving Home For Christmas was a 1988 hit single for which singer? 9. In which Christmas carol does this line feature: "Bring me flesh, and bring me wine, bring me pine logs hither"? 10. What was Queen's 1984 Christmas single called? 11. What Christmas-time song did James Pierpont compose in 1857? 12. What is the title of biggest selling Christmas single, globally? 13. What Paul McCartney hit song video featured the First World War Christmas Truce meeting of German and British soldiers in no-man's land between the front line trenches? 14. Which Christmas carol includes the lyrics '...To save us all from Satan's power, when we were gone astray..'? 15. In what year was Band-Aid's Do They Know It's Christmas the UK Christmas chart-topping record? 16. How many gifts are given in total in the song The Twelve Days of Christmas? 17. What did Frosty The Snowman have for a nose? 18. In the song `Winter Wonderland', who do we pretend the snowman is? 19. In the traditional song, `Go Tell It On The Mountain', what are you supposed to go tell? 20. According to the song, `Frosty The Snowman', what kind of soul does Frosty have? Film and Television 1. Who was the first British monarch to broadcast a Christmas message to the nation? 2. Peter Auty sang Walking In The Air in what film? 3. What is the surname of the family in the 1989 film 'National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation'? 4. Who is the narrator in the 1966 TV special How The Grinch W


Christmas Crackers was the first Christmas edition of which popular UK comedy series?

Retro Crimbo: Christmas TV crackers | George's Journal Retro Crimbo: Christmas TV crackers December 24, 2010 tags: 1950s , 1960s , 1970s , 1980s , A Charlie Brown Christmas , Bernard And The Genie , Bing Crosby , Blackadder , Blue Peter , Christmas , Christmas TV , David Bowie , EastEnders , Michael J Fox , Morecambe and Wise , Only Fools And Horses , Porridge (comedy) , Star Wars , The Good Life , The Queen's Christmas Message , The Snowman (Raymond Briggs) , The Two Ronnies Walking in the air… flying into a nation’s hearts: the genius animated version of Raymond Briggs’ The Snowman children’s book became the unforgettable TV event of Christmas 1982 Apparently, it was Christmas Day 1989, around 9pm, and for the next hour or so, famed writer Richard Curtis (scribe of the comedy Blackadder and one of the founders of the biennial Comic Relief) sat down with his family and watched on BBC1 a thoroughly depressing Agatha Christie drama full of rather visceral murder and drug-use. Not exactly perfect telly fare for Christmas evening, he thought. In which case, being a television writer, he decided to do something about it. And two years later to the day (or just two days before, if memory serves me correctly), was broadcast the fruit of Curtis’s labours, the made-for-TV comedy film Bernard And The Genie. It starred a young Alan Cumming as an incredibly unlucky chap named Bernard and a terrific Lenny Henry as an über-exuberant genie that emerges from the lamp he owns – and I thought it was hilarious stuff. Now, amidst the stuff Curtis was to go on to create – Four Weddings And A Funeral (1994) etc – Bernard And The Genie has become somewhat forgotten, something of a curate’s egg. You might say that may be sad, given the high regard I obviously hold it in. Well, not really; I loved it and, for me, that’s enough. It’s one of the fondest festive TV memories of my youth and I’ll always cherish the time I first watched it. And, my merry mates, that’s exactly what this latest post – and the last on this very blog before Crimbo – is all about. Those televisual delights of years gone by that were specially made for and transmitted at Christmastime just for us, the turkey-stuffed and TV-addicted public. Christmas telly specials often hold a treasured place in our hearts – the best of ’em, that is – and, at least in the UK, traditionally achieve enormous viewing figures owing to the captive audience (families all congregated together in the living room) ready to lap them up. Mind you, let’s not forget, there have been a smattering of real duffers over the years as well – and, don’t worry, for the sake of it we’ll be taking a look at one or two of them too. Bessie and the Genie: recording The Queen’s first TV Christmas message (left) and Alan Cumming, Lenny Henry and Rowan Atkinson in the raucous Bernard And The Genie (right) But let’s start at the start, shall we, with perhaps the very first, longest-running and truly most traditional of Christmas specials in the world of television… yes, I speak, of course, of The Queen’s Christmas Message. Like so many of TV’s greatest traditions, its origins lie in radio. The practice of the UK’s monarch delivering a speech directly into the homes of the nation began with the present Queen Elizabeth II’s grandfather, George V, having a speech broadcast by the BBC on Christmas Day 1932. Bypassing his first son Edward VIII (who wasn’t on the throne long enough to celebrate a Christmas as monarch), the convention moved on to his second son and next monarch, George VI, and then to the latter’s daughter, good old Liz. In 1957, as the nation (and to a far lesser extent the rest of the Commonwealth, for whom the event is also produced) began to switch over to TV, the speech went out on the gogglebox for the first time; thereafter, that would be its primary means of broadcast. And, very quickly, it established itself as not just a central part of families’ televisual Christmas Day, but also their entire Christmas Day. The slot of 3pm on the BBC, then on both BBC1 and ITV (and repeated later in the evening on


Which hugely popular actor was born on Christmas day 1899?


What British spacecraft was lost on Mars at Christmas 2003?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 2003: Mars space probe disappears About This Site | Text Only 2003: Mars space probe disappears Scientists have failed to make contact with the British-built Mars probe, Beagle 2, which should have landed on the planet early today. The �35m ($62m) spacecraft was scheduled to touch down at 0254 GMT after its seven-month flight to the Red Planet. Beagle 2 must recharge its batteries on the day it lands or it will not survive the first night on Mars. 'Not the end of the world' The Beagle project's lead scientist, Professor Colin Pillinger, told reporters "it's not the end of the world." "Please don't go away from here believing we've lost the spacecraft," he said. "I'm afraid it's the usual England scenario - we're going to play extra time." The tiny craft - less than a metre across - travelled to the red planet "piggyback" on the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter. All went well until the probe separated successfully from its mother ship on 19 December to begin its descent to Mars. Beagle 2's plunge through the planet's thin atmosphere is the most difficult part of the mission. Missing call sign Nasa's Mars Odyssey orbiter, which has been circling the planet since 2001, has been unable to pick up Beagle's call sign from the landing site. A second attempt by the giant Jodrell Bank telescope, in Cheshire, has also been unsuccessful. If nothing is heard from the Beagle 2 when the Nasa craft makes another pass over the landing site late tomorrow, hopes for its safe arrival will begin to fade. Celebrity supporters The Beagle 2 project was marked out from the start by its shoestring budget and tight deadlines. Professor Pillinger of the Open University first drew the robot on the back of a beer mat in 1997. It has grabbed headlines ever since. The project has attracted the support of celebrities such as pop group Blur, who composed Beagle 2's nine-note call sign, and Brit-artist Damien Hirst. The worst case scenario is that the probe has crashed and is lying in fragments strewn across the Martian surface. The failure of the mission would not be unprecedented. Of more than 30 missions to the Red Planet since the 1960s, most have failed to reach the Martian surface successfully.


What was Queen's 1984 Christmas single called?

Queen - Thank God, It's Christmas /w lyrics - YouTube Queen - Thank God, It's Christmas /w lyrics Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Dec 23, 2011 A "Thank God It's Christmas" egy karácsonyi kislemez a brit rockbandától, a Queen-től. A dalt a gitáros Brian May és a dobos Roger Taylor írta. 1984. november 26.-án jelent meg. Mivel nem adtak ki stúdióalbumot, ez a dal megjelent a Queen Greatest Hits III-ban, melyet 1999-ben jelentettek meg. "Thank God It's Christmas" is a Christmas single by British rock band Queen. It was written by guitarist Brian May and drummer Roger Taylor. Released on 26 November 1984. Though not released on any Queen studio album, the song appears on Queen's Greatest Hits III, released in 1999. Dalszöveg / Lyrics:


American cartoonist Thomas Nast is credited with creating the traditional image of which popular Christmas character?

Thomas Nast - First thoughts about Thomas Nast Thomas Nast (September 27, 1840 â December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist who is considered to be the Father of the American Cartoon . Write here your first thoughts about Thomas Nast ... 20 Dec 2016     05:12 After the American Civil War , Thomas Nast made the North Pole Santa's home so he could never again be used for nationalistic propaganda. 19 Dec 2016     18:41 Political cartoonist, Thomas Nast, created the first iconic image of Santa; based on aa 1822 poem by Clement Clarkeâ¦ 19 Dec 2016     13:17 . Santa 1881 . 1881 illustration by Thomas Nast named âMerry Old Santaâ the modern really begins to take shapâ¦ 19 Dec 2016     05:35 In the Thomas Nast cartoon that first depicted Santa Claus with a sleigh and reindeer, he was delivering... 18 Dec 2016     16:34 If you're ever questioning the power of art, Google political cartoonist Thomas Nast and read about his life 18 Dec 2016     11:22 December 18th - An Interview with Santa Claus by Margaret Mead illustrated by Thomas Nast 18 Dec 2016     08:23 Starts reading about the origins of elf on a shelf, then thomas nast, then the psychology of lying to children about Santa Claus e 17 Dec 2016     03:35 Thomas Nast depicted Santa as an overweight and jolly old man 16 Dec 2016     20:02 The modern Santa Claus or Father Christmas was invented in 1862 by a German-American artist called Thomas Nast 16 Dec 2016     15:08 BS Check your history. My great great uncle, Thomas Nast Created the image of Santa Claus . ðð» 15 Dec 2016     19:32 For cheer: "Christmas Drawings for the Human Race" (1890); Thomas Nast via 15 Dec 2016     18:30 Did you know? Thomas Nast is often credited as the creator of the image of the Santa Claus who we know today. 15 Dec 2016     16:02 This piece by cartoonist Thomas Nast brought $2,200 in our Nov 27 Book & Ephemera Auction 14 Dec 2016     22:08 Loving these illustrations by Thomas Nast who created the original Santa Claus as we know himâ¦ 14 Dec 2016     21:06 who was the last person i said i wanted to read a biography on? thomas nast? anyway here's another one: Fiorello La Guardia 13 Nov 2016     19:24 That was for all you kids who are into Thomas Nast 13 Nov 2016     19:24 They look just like a 19th century Thomas Nast political cartoon. But they're made of flesh and blood! 13 Nov 2016     07:21 Technical skill with a specific goal:. Episode 55 - Nazi Frogs and Thomas Nast 12 Nov 2016     14:00 This one is my favorite. Thomas Nast at his peak game 11 Nov 2016     14:24 Today in Comics History: Thomas Nast's iconic Tammany Tiger first appeared in the Nov 11, 1871, issue of Harper's Wâ¦ 10 Nov 2016     20:09 Later, cartoonist Thomas Nast used the Democratic donkey in newspaper cartoons and made the symbol famous. 10 Nov 2016     09:08 Thomas Nast's political symbols will now dissolve during the Trump administration. No more elephant and donkey parties which promoted racism 10 Nov 2016     05:16 Gonna be a lot of people recalling the work of Thomas Nast these next four years... 10 Nov 2016     01:37 Thomas Nast predicted it as well. The Kyle Style Podcast Episode 55 - Nazi Frogs and Thomas Nast 09 Nov 2016     20:14 .commemorates the 2016 presidential season with 30 cartoons by âThe President Makerâ Thomas Nast. 26 Apr 2016     02:58 the cartoons posted on Cloyd Rivers are NO WHERE close to works the of Thomas Nast 23 Apr 2016     00:10 Austin is the country's third best barbecue city, according to Conde Nast Traveler 21 Apr 2016     16:44 it's a Thomas Nast painting from 1863-- 20 Apr 2016     16:30 Thomas Nast helped popularize the symbol as a symbol for the entire Democratic Party . 19 Apr 2016     17:02 A lovely 1881 illustration of Santa by Thomas Nast (1840-1902) 19 Apr 2016     04:07 That my Great, Great Uncle Thomas Nast created the image of Santa Claus , and most all political images ððð 19 Apr 2016     01:00 Check out A Child's Christmas Cookbook by Thomas Nast and Betty Chancellor (1964,... via 18 Apr 2016     02:15 Thomas N


Jackie Wilson's re-issued song Reet Petite became the 1986 UK Christmas number one after helping to advertise what brand?

Uncategorized Archives - Forked River Gazette frgazette Leave a comment   Name 5 of Santa’s 8 reindeer from the “Twas the night before Christmas” poem (Rudolph doesn’t count!)Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Blitzen, Comet, Cupid, Donner Who played the main character George Bailey in the film “It’s A Wonderful Life”?James Stewart What date is St Stephen’s Day?26th December In Charles Dickens’ novel “A Christmas Carol”, who was Scrooge’s dead business partner?Jacob Marley London’s Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is traditionally given by which country?Norway Which Christmas carol includes the lyrics “…to save us all from Satan’s power, when we were gone astray…”?God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen The character Jack Skellington appears in which 1993 Tim Burton film?The Nightmare before Christmas What is New Year’s Eve called in Scotland?Hogmanay How many maids were a-milking in the “Twelve Days of Christmas” song?8 Who is officially credited as the author of “Auld Lang Syne”?Robert Burns In the song “Winter Wonderland”, who do we pretend the snowman is?Parson Brown In which film does this quote appear – “Bless this highly nutritious microwavable macaroni and cheese dinner and the people who sold it on sale. Amen.”?Home Alone What red-blooming Christmas plant came originally from Mexico?Poinsetta Which actor is the narrator in the 2000 film “The Grinch Who Stole Christmas”?Anthony Hopkins Pine needles are said to be a good source of which vitamin?C What is the zodiac sign of people born on 25 December?Capricorn “Christmas Crackers” was the first Christmas edition of which popular British sitcom?Only Fools and Horses What was Queen’s 1984 Christmas single called?Thank God it’s Christmas How many lords were a-leaping in the “Twelve Days of Christmas” song?10 Jackie Wilson’s re-issued song “Reet Petite” became the 1986 UK Christmas number one after helping to advertise what brand?Levi’s La Befana is the legendary character who delivers Christmas presents to children in which European country?Italy Before the tradition of hanging stockings up at Christmas what did Dutch children hang by the fireside?Shoes Who banned Christmas in England between 1647 and 1660?Oliver Cromwell Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean is a territory of which country?Australia Child star Jimmy Boyd sang which hugely popular 1950’s Christmas song, which was initially banned by the Catholic Church in Boston?“I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus” What is the name of The Simpson’s pet greyhound?Santa’s Little Helper Born on Christmas Day in 1954, she had hits with such songs as “Walking on Broken Glass” and “No More I Love Yous”, what is her name?Annie Lennox Which word, often associated with Christmas songs, stems from the Greek word for circle dance?Carol In which country is St. Nicholas called Sinterklaas?Netherlands In 1983, who was UK Christmas Number One with “Only You”?The Flying Pickets Everyone remembers Band Aid, what year were they Number One in the UK charts?1984 Which Christmas word means “turning of the sun”?Yuletide How many pipers were piping in the “Twelve Days of Christmas” song?11 In which city is Kevin left “Home Alone” at Christmas (the first movie)?Chicago What do George C. Scott, Daffy Duck, Patrick Stewart, Michael Caine, Fred Flintstone and Jim Carrey all have in common?They have all played Ebeneezer Scrooge Which Christmas song contains these lyrics – “for yellow and red ones let’s stop all the fight”?“Happy Christmas (War is Over)” by John Lennon The traditional English Father Christmas was not dressed in red. What colour did he wear?Green Who sang the 1997 Christmas hit “I believe in Father Christmas”?Greg Lake What fruit is used to make a Christingle?Orange Which wrestler starred in the 1996 film “Santa with Muscles”?Hulk Hogan Who played Fred Claus in the 2007 movie of the same name?Vince Vaughan What was the name of the boy in the TV film “The Snowman”?James Who was the first British monarch to broadcast a Christmas message?George V What is a baby turkey called?A Poult Which English Victorian cook wrote the definitive Christmas cookbook?Mr