Which 1985 film was nominated for eleven Oscars and did not win any

1985 Academy Awards® Winners and History Witness (1985) Actor: WILLIAM HURT in "Kiss of the Spider Woman", Harrison         Ford in "Witness", James Garner in "Murphy's Romance",         Jack Nicholson in "Prizzi's Honor", Jon Voight in "Runaway         Train" Actress: GERALDINE PAGE in "The Trip to Bountiful", Anne Bancroft         in "Agnes of God", Whoopi Goldberg in "The Color         Purple", Jessica Lange in "Sweet Dreams", Meryl         Streep in "Out of Africa" Supporting Actor: DON AMECHE in "Cocoon", Klaus Maria Brandauer in "Out         of Africa", William Hickey in "Prizzi's Honor",         Robert Loggia in "Jagged Edge", Eric Roberts in "Runaway Train" Supporting Actress: ANJELICA HUSTON in "Prizzi's Honor", Margaret Avery         in "The Color Purple", Amy Madigan in "Twice in         a Lifetime", Meg Tilly in "Agnes of God", Oprah         Winfrey in "The Color Purple" Director: SYDNEY POLLACK for "Out of Africa", Hecter Babenco         for "Kiss of the Spider Woman", John Huston for "Prizzi's         Honor", Akira Kurosawa for "Ran", Peter Weir for "Witness" Sydney          Pollack's grandly-spectacular, handsome romance spanning two          decades, Out of Africa, was based by Kurt Luedtke on          the life, works, and memoirs of Karen Blixen (a Danish writer          who published under the name Isak Dinesen). The romantic biopic          had eleven Oscar nominations and captured all the major          awards, seven in all - except in the acting categories          (Best Picture, Best Director (Sydney Pollack), Best Screenplay          Adaptation (Kurt Luedtke), Best Cinematography (David Watkins),          Best Art/Set Direction, Best Sound, and Best Original Score). Another Best Picture nominee with eleven nominations          was director Steven Spielberg's affecting drama, The Color           Purple (Spielberg's first theatrical feature was the drama The            Sugarland Express (1974) directed many years earlier) -          the first PG-13 rated film to be nominated for Best Picture.          With a largely black cast, it was an adaptation of Alice Walker's          Pulitzer Prize-winning novel about a young black girl growing          to maturity in rural 20th century Georgia. Five of Out of           Africa's seven Oscars directly defeated The Color            Purple's nominations. In fact, The Color Purple didn't          win a single Oscar award. [This 'un-achievement' tied the shutout          record with The Turning Point (1977) - both films had          the most nominations (11) without a single win.] The other three Best Picture nominees were: Australian director Peter Weir's first Hollywood           film - a thriller/romance among the Amish, Witness (with           eight nominations and two wins - Best Original Screenplay           and Best Film Editing) Brazilian director Hector Babenco's first           English-language film based upon Manuel Puig's novel - a           tale of two prisoners confined together in a South American           prison, the small-budget independent film Kiss of the            Spider Woman (with four nominations and one win - for           Best Actor) 79 year-old director John Huston's 40th film,           the dark comedy about the Mafia, Prizzi's Honor (with           eight nominations and one win - Best Supporting Actress). [Huston became the oldest person ever nominated for           a Best Director Oscar with this nomination. He had won many           years earlier as Best Director for The           Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) .] Steven Spielberg was the only director          of a Best Picture nominee who was no


What is the capital of the French department Calvados?

CALVADOS : map, cities and data of the departement of Calvados 14 Hotel de la Paix     Hotel de la Paix is located in central Caen, only 200 metres from the Château Ducal. Free WiFi access is available throughout the hotel and a continental breakfast is prepared each morni... Rate : from 54.00 € to 125.00 € Contact : 14, rue Neuve Saint Jean 14000 Caen Hotel Lisieux Logis Hotel La Coupe d'Or In the heart of Lower Normandy, this hotel is set in the centre of the historical city of Lisieux. It offers free Wi-Fi access and a restaurant with outdoor terrace. The guest rooms at t... Price : from 48.30 € to 79.00 € Address : 49 Rue Pont Mortain 14100 Lisieux Hotel Lisieux L'Hotel De L'Esperance Located in the city centre of Lisieux, near the shopping streets and main tourist sites, the hotel welcomes you in a typical Norman half-timbered house.  The Grand Hotel De L'Esperance f... Prices : from 0.00 € to 0.00 € Contact : 16, boulevard de Sainte-Anne 14100 Lisieux Hotel Vire Hotel Moderne Featuring free WiFi and a terrace, Hotel Moderne is situated in Vire. Guests can enjoy the on-site bar. Rooms have a flat-screen TV. Certain rooms feature views of the garden or city. Th... Rate : from 37.00 € to 70.00 € Contact : 12 Place de la Gare 14500 Vire Hotel Vire Hôtel Saint-Pierre Hôtel Saint-Pierre is located in the centre of Vire, just 400 metres from Saine-Anne and Notre-Dame Chruch. It offers a hot tub, a terrace and an onsite bar. The rooms at Hôtel Saint-P... Price : from 68.00 € to 150.00 € Contact : 20, rue Général Leclerc 14500 Vire Map of Calvados


"Who composed the music for the 1912 ballet ""Daphnis et Chloe""?"

Classical Notes - Classical Classics - Ravel's Daphnis et Chloe, by Peter Gutmann The final gasps of orgasm (soprano and alto parts) (from Kramer's Classical Music and Post-Modern Knowledge) The magical opening evokes primeval wonder as instruments and voices grope for melody amid searching harmonies, their ebb and flow dissolving into a meltingly lovely theme that awakens in wonder and innocence as the materials become more refined and begin to coalesce. The dances that follow begin in gentle, teasing flirtation, then mock Dorcon more pathetically than cruelly, present Daphnis lightly and in uncertain rhythm so as to portray his innocence, uncertainty and inexperience in courtship, and end fitfully with his bewilderment at Lyc�ion's advances. The former motifs are torn in explosive dissonance as the pirates attack, and then subside into a suffusion of mystery as the nymphs stir to life (with help from the wind machine) and comfort Daphnis. The wordless chorus reverts to timeless mystery to introduce the second tableau, and swiftly builds to an outburst of the pirates' gruff vigor, their incessant stomping rhythm disrupting the bittersweet melancholy of Chlo�'s dance of supplication. The music then subsides into tense expectation before Pan decisively restores order. For those seeking a more concentrated experience in keeping with the demands of our hurried times, the third tableau (often performed alone as the second suite) provides an abundant and satisfying taste of the splendor of Ravel's achievement. As day breaks, nature slowly stirs to life - rivulets flow in harp arpeggios, birds chirp in the flutes, shepherds begin to stir, a gorgeous string theme evokes the sheer beauty of pristine nature, and the sun rises to its full brilliance as a simple repeated sequence builds into an astoundingly powerful climax. Indeed, the music of the opening scene is so masterfully suggestive by itself that a visual depiction on stage seems doomed to compromise its impact. John Culshaw views it as "Ravel as a man searching for a means to express the essence of beauty and finding it." Indeed, it just might be the most gorgeous few minutes of orchestral music ever written. Next, the gentle interplay of the pantomime provides a needed respite and at the same time is full of evocative melodic shreds to enable us to picture the narrative it was meant to accompany. The electrifying final pages simply defy description, other than to return to our initial thought, as the bacchanal surges and throws off constant sparks of euphoric energy as it inexorably builds to a final explosion of unbridled ecstasy. Since we have few hints as to Ravel's own preferred orchestral style, we are fortunate that a remarkable number of the first three decades of Daphnis recordings were led by conductors who had significant ties to the composer. Victor Seroff considered him a "very poor conductor" who didn't succeed in bringing out the proper perspective of a piece, either overall or in the details, which he attributes to Ravel's lack of experience as a performer and a resultant lack of authority. Ravel conducting Indeed, he quotes Ravel as having said after a concert he had led: "I had no idea what was going on." Even during festivals of his music, Ravel generally declined the baton. Our only recording of Ravel as conductor is barely relevant - a rock-steady 1930 Bolero, but even then he was assisted by a more experienced conductor, Albert Wolff, his tempo is far slower than his own indication in the score, and in any event that piece is so atypical that little can be inferred - Ravel described it as "orchestral effects without music" and indeed it's nothing more than a single melody wending its way through the instruments. (A 1932 recording of Ravel's Piano Concerto in G with Marguerite Long, routinely attributed to Ravel, actually was conducted by Pedro de Freitas-Branco, who told the story of Ravel attempting to lead a "filler" side of his Pavane at a tempo that would have lasted nearly seven minutes, whereupon the producer took him out for a dri


A Black Russian cocktail consists of vodka and which liqueur?

Black Russian Cocktail: Vodka and Coffee at Its Best Transform this cocktail into a frozen ice pop... 3 Ways to Improve Your Black Russian Pour to your personal taste. No one says that you have to pour a Black Russian in any exact proportions, in fact, you should be customizing it to your taste . You can even switch it up depending on your mood. The 2:1 ratio given in the recipe is a nice balance; the drink is neither too sweet nor too dry. If you want it a little sweeter one night, simply pour more liqueur. If, on the other hand, you would like a drier drink (perfect for dinner), then go with less liqueur and make up for it with vodka. Experiment with the liquors. Cocktails like this are the perfect way to gauge a new spirit because you come to know it after awhile and can use previous combinations for comparison. If you spy a new coffee liqueur at the liquor store, give it the Black Russian taste test and see how you like it compared to your old favorite. Tip: Kahlua is not the only coffee out there! Go beyond 'the usual' and discover something new. The same can be said for vodka, which is a far more complex market with tons of options. There are some amazing vodkas being produced right now . Some fit the luxury category while others are friendlier on the wallet . There is no reason to continue drinking the same vodka you've poured for 10 or 20 years. Get out there and live a little! Add a hint of flavor. Vodka drinkers tend to shy away from using flavored vodkas in drinks with darker profiles. Sure, it's easy to add a new fruit vodka to drinks like the Madras or Cosmopolitan , but when it comes to those of the Black Russian variety, the choices seem limited.  This is not entirely true, you just have to be more selective and creative in the vodka you pour. Coffee Vodka - Play up the coffee flavor by pouring Three Olives Triple Shot Espresso . It adds a fantastic kick. Chocolate Vodka - Go for a slightly sweeter Black Russian and pour the likes of Van Gogh Dutch Chocolate . It is as tempting and delicious as it sounds. Cake Vodka - If you love the new flavors of dessert vodkas and can't wait until the next one comes out, toss them into your Black Russian. They're actually a great match. Two-Flavored Vodka - A few vodka brands specialize in combining two or more flavors and these are perfect for this cocktail because they add just a hint of each flavor. Try something like Stoli's  Chocolat Kokonut or Chocolat Razberi . Beyond these suggestions, think of flavors that you might enjoy in your morning coffee when selecting a flavored vodka . How Strong is the Black Russian? Two-ingredient, liquor-only drinks are not weak and they're not intended to be that. Instead, mixed drinks like the Black Russian should be thought of like a scotch on the rocks : a flavorful drink to be enjoyed slowly, sip by sip. To prove this point, if we make the Black Russian with an 80-proof vodka and 40-proof coffee liqueur using the pours in the recipe above, it would be about 27% ABV (54 proof) . It's smoother than a straight shot of vodka, yet retains that full flavor of its ingredients. Related Articles


Firebrat (3.5e Monster) - Dungeons and Dragons Wiki Firebrat (3.5e Monster) 15, touch 13, flat-footed 12 (+2 size, +3 Dex ) 20 ft. (4 squares), climb 10 ft. Melee Spittle ( Ex ) A firebrat's bite delivers a dose of burning spittle, a corrosive chemical that burns when exposed to air for a short moment, dealing 1 point of fire damage plus 1 point of acid damage to anything it bites. Silk Cord ( Su ) A firebrat, 1/day as a standard action , can jet out a 10 foot line of silk rope . This silk cord becomes brittle after a week, crumbling to powder. A firebrat has the supernatural ability to resist a small bit of acid and fire damage. Strategies and Tactics[ edit ] An adult firebrat. Careful, they spit. Firebrats, unless cornered, attempt to flee. When forced to fight, they charge in and bite, releasing their spittle. A firebrat will attack to defend a clutch of eggs or a brood of young. Skills : Firebrats have a +4 racial bonus on Hide and Spot checks and a +8 racial bonus on Climb checks. A firebrat can always choose to take 10 on Climb checks, even if rushed or threatened. Firebrats use either their Strength or Dexterity modifier to Climb checks, whichever is higher. Firebrat Ecology[ edit ] Firebrats are tiny, scuttling, insectile creatures with innate magical essences. They have flat bodies with a mottled reddish-orange, scaly sheen. Their undersides are covered with a soft, downy fur. They scurry about, low to the ground on six small legs. Two long antennae and three long tail feelers guide them and warn them of nearby dangers. A firebrat is about a 1'6" long and weighs about 4 pounds. Firebrats stick to warm, dark places, and when surprised, may attack if cornered. They prefer desert caves or rocky outcroppings. Occasionally, they venture out onto desert dunes at night, searching for scraps of food. Taming Firebrats[ edit ] Firebrats are treated as animals for the purposes of training with Handle Animal checks. They are easily domesticated, and surprisingly bright considering their appearance and take to living amongst intelligent folk with great success (when cared for properly). A tame and trained firebrat lives for 1d6+3 years in captivity. Two times a year, female firebrats become reproductively receptive and release a gentle pheromone which smells reminiscent of a bakery, signaling nearby males that she is ready to mate. Females lay and abandon any unfertilized eggs. A female firebrat lays 2d10 eggs per clutch, which are kept in a warm, dark, dry hole, often covered with a slight bit of sand to stymy predators. These eggs have a hard, slightly translucent chitinous shell with a reddish-gray hue. Female firebrats guard their clutch, leaving only to feed. A firebrat egg hatches in 20 days, and a young firebrat reaches maturity in 60 days. Young firebrats follow their mother about until they reach maturity. A firebrat egg, roughly the size of a quail egg, is worth a scant 1 sp. Some folk harvest these eggs for food, citing their mildly spicy flavor and excellently smooth texture. Additionally, some folk harvest firebrats themselves for food, likening them to a mildly spicy lobster (though a bit stringier if not prepared properly).


Which foodstuff is obtained from the root of the cassava plant?

International Starch: Cassava Manufacturing of   cassava starch. ISI Technical Memorandum. [ TM1-8e ] Cassava Plantation. Large scale Cassava Farming   in the Tropics. ISI Technical Memorandum on Cassava Plantation   TM29-2e (0.8 MB pdf) The adoption of improved cassava varieties and their potential as livestock   feeds in southwestern Nigeria [by M.O.   Akoroda and A.E. Ikpi] Cassava, Africa's Food Security Crop [by Taye Babaleye, IITA] Cassavabiz.org is an information   service provided by the Integrated Cassava Project (ICP) of the International   Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), to encourage, promote, and   expand agribusiness development in the cassava subsector in Nigeria.   ICP, hosted at IITA consists of two complementary projects: Preemptive   Management of Cassava Mosaic Disease Project (CMD). Cassava Enterprise   Development Project (CEDP). Genebank at IITA. IITAs GeneBank holds plant material   (germplasm) of major food crops of Africa. This germplasm is held in   trust on behalf of humanity under the auspices of the United Nation.   It is distributed without restriction for use in research for food and   agriculture. ... more Growing Cassava. Growing cassava commercially in   Nigeria - an illustrated guide by A.A. Adekunle, A. Dixon, J. Ojurongbe, P. Ilona, L. Muthada, S. Adisa. CASSAVA ASSESSING HANDBOOK for Improved Integration   of Cassava in the FAO/WFP Joint Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission   (CFSAM) [ Guidelines ]. Starting a Cassava farm. This booklet is one in a   set of field guides prepared by the International Institute of Tropical   Agriculture (IITA) to increase the technical knowledge of extension   agents. [ Booklet ] Cassava - common name for   any of several related plants native to tropical regions in the Americas.   Cassava is the West Indian name; manioc, or mandioc, is the Brazilian   name; and juca, or yucca, is used in other parts of South America. The   plant grows in a bushy form, up to 2.4 m (8 ft) tall, with greenish-yellow   flowers. The roots are up to 8 cm (3 in) thick and 91 cm (36 in) long.   The roots contain from 20 to 32% of starch at maturity. Early maturing   cultivars are ready for harvest after 8-12 month. Two varieties of the cassava are of economic value: the bitter, or   poisonous; and the sweet, or non-poisonous. Because the volatile poison   can be destroyed by heat in the process of preparation, both varieties   yield a wholesome food. Cassava is the chief source of tapioca, and   in South America a sauce and an intoxicating beverage are prepared from   the juice. The root in powder form is used to prepare farinha, a meal used to   make thin cakes sometimes called cassava bread. The starch of cassava   yields a product called Brazilian arrowroot. In Florida, where sweet   cassava is grown, the roots are eaten as food, fed to stock, or used   in the manufacture of starch and glucose. In Africa Gari is a popular food preparation. Tapioca,   easily digested starchy foodstuff extracted from the root of the cassava   plant. Tapioca is often used in pudding. The term "tapioca" is used   to designate products made from cassava like starch, dried chips etc.   Tapioca is also replacing mung bean starch - the prime material for   making clear starch noodles, however, tapioca starch need modification   to produce a gel with the same strenght as mung bean starch, which is   very high in amylose. Scientific classification: Cassavas belong to   the family Euphorbiaceae. Both bitter and   sweet cassava are classified as Manihot esculenta or Manihot utilissima or Manihot Aipi Tapioca starch (Amylum Manihot) Chips . This is the most common form in which dried   cassava roots are marketed and most exporting countries produce them.   The chips are dried irregular slices of roots which vary in size but   should not exceed 5 cm in length, so that they can be stored in silos.   They are produced extensively in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and some   parts of Africa. An


What, in the Old Testament, was 300 cubits long, and 30 cubits high?

The Cubit, an ancient unit of measure free Christian script 1 Script #1, What is a Cubit? Basic theme: A newscast showing a reporter interviewing a scientist who has discovered an ancient cubit. Cast: 2 people total, not gender specific: one reporter and one scientist. Script: News person (standing next to the scientist): "Sir, please tell us about your incredible discovery." Scientist: "I would be glad to. We have recently discovered that people 3,000 years ago used an ancient method of measuring called a Cubit. A cubit is the distance from your elbow to the tip of your middle finger. It is important to realize that everyone's cubit is different. In those days the leader or king of each nation would establish their own cubit as the national measuring standard." News Person: "Could you demonstrate that to us?" Scientist: "Yes I can. Come over here and we will measure your cubit." (They walk a short distance to a table). "Place your elbow on the end of this ruler." (The scientist helps the reporter to positions their elbow on the ruler and measures their arm). "Your Cubit is (whatever the number is). Now I will measure my cubit." (The scientist places their elbow on the end of the ruler and measures it). "My Cubit is (whatever the number is). As you can see, our cubits are different. This creates a problem when you tell me to make something based on your cubit and I make it based on my cubit. That is why the ancient kings mandated that the cubit was a standard size and everyone used that standard." Reporter: "Can you tell us about some of the things that were made with Cubits thousands of years ago." Scientist: "Yes, there are several places in the Bible that mention cubits. In Exodus 25:10-11, God gives these instructions to Moses on the building of the Ark of the Covenant. "They shall make an ark of shittim wood (acacia wood); two cubit and a half be its length, a cubit and a half its breath, and a cubit and a half its height. And you shall overlay it with pure gold within and without shall you overlay it, and you shall make upon it a molding of gold round about" "In Exodus 38: 9-13, God gave instruction on the building of The Tabernacle In The Wilderness. "And he made the court; for the south side the hangings of the court were of fine twined linen, a hundred cubits; their pillars were twenty and their bases twenty, of bronze, but the hooks of the pillars and their fillets were of silver. And for the north side a hundred cubits, their pillars twenty, their bases twenty, of bronze, but the hooks of the . . ." "Today we have the National Bureau of Standards that establishes the standards of all of the weights and measures that we use. Noah could not have built the Ark if everyone had not worked together using the same standard. Noah and his family counted the cost and made a firm decision to do things God's way. They knew that if they argued about every little thing, they would never get done before the flood came." Reporter: "Thank you very much for all of that information about the Cubit Mr., or Mrs. Scientist". (The reporter looks into the camera) "This is your reporter on the spot asking you, have you weighed the cost of not doing things God's way? God has a plan and you are part of it. It is up to you to follow that plan. Have you given your heart to Jesus? Are you living the life that God wants you to live? Please pray with us now, father I pray that you would forgive me of my sins and come into my life. Fill me with your presence, your wisdom, and your strength. Lead me and guide me by your Spirit in Jesus name." - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Skit #2, The trouble with Cubits Basic theme: Using a Rod Serling, Twilight Zone flavor, two people try to build a wall (or anything else) using Cubits. The Narrator (In the style of Rod Serling) leads the audience to the skit. The scene opens with the Narrator standing in front of a construction site. Builder 1 and Builder 2 are in the background trying to frame a wall. After the Narrator's opening statement, he leaves the scene. Cast: Narrator: A male in


Night blindness is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?

Night Blindess: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Night blindness is also called “nyctalopia.” It’s a type of vision impairment. People with night blindness experience poor vision at night or in dimly lit environments. Although the term “night blindness” implies that you can’t see at night, this isn’t the...  Read more Night blindness is also called “nyctalopia.” It’s a type of vision impairment. People with night blindness experience poor vision at night or in dimly lit environments. Although the term “night blindness” implies that you can’t see at night, this isn’t the case. You may just have more difficulty seeing or driving in darkness. Some types of night blindness are treatable, and other types aren’t. See your doctor to determine the underlying cause of your vision impairment. Once you know the cause of the problem, you can take steps to correct your vision. What Are the Symptoms of Night Blindness? The sole symptom of night blindness is difficulty seeing in the dark. You’re more likely to experience night blindness when your eyes transition from a bright environment to an area of low light, such as when you leave a sunny sidewalk to enter a dimly lit restaurant. You’re likely to experience poor vision when driving due to the intermittent brightness of headlights and streetlights on the road. What Causes Night Blindness? A number of eye conditions can cause night blindness, including: nearsightedness, or blurred vision when looking at faraway objects cataracts, or clouding of the eye’s lens retinitis pigmentosa, which occurs when dark pigment collects in your retina and creates tunnel vision Usher syndrome, which is a genetic condition that affects both hearing and vision Older adults have a greater risk of developing cataracts. Seniors are therefore more likely to have night blindness due to cataracts than children or young adults. In rare cases in the United States or in other parts of the world where nutritional diets may vary, vitamin A deficiency can also lead to night blindness. Vitamin A, also called retinol, plays a role in transforming nerve impulses into images in the retina. The retina is a light-sensitive area in the back of your eye. Patients who have pancreatic insufficiency, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis, have difficulty absorbing fat and are at a greater risk of having vitamin A deficiency because vitamin A is fat-soluble. This puts them at greater risk for developing night blindness. People who have high blood glucose, or sugar, levels or diabetes also have a higher risk of developing eye diseases, such as cataracts. What Are the Treatment Options for Night Blindness? Your eye doctor will take a detailed medical history and examine your eyes to diagnose night blindness. You may also need to give a blood sample. Blood testing can measure your vitamin A and glucose levels. Night blindness caused by nearsightedness, cataracts, or vitamin A deficiency is treatable. Corrective lenses, such as eyeglasses or contacts, can improve nearsighted vision both during the day and at night. Let your doctor know if you still have trouble seeing in dim light even with corrective lenses. Cataracts Clouded portions of your eye’s lens are known as cataracts. Cataracts can be removed through surgery. Your surgeon will replace your cloudy lens with a clear, artificial lens. Your night blindness will improve significantly after surgery if cataracts are the underlying cause. Vitamin A Deficiency If your vitamin A levels are low, your doctor might recommend vitamin supplements. Take the supplements exactly as directed. Most people in developed nations don’t have vitamin A deficiency because they have access to proper nutrition. Genetic Defect Genetic conditions that cause night blindness, such as retinitis pigmentosa, aren’t treatable. The genetic defect that causes pigment to build up in the retina doesn’t respond to corrective


What is the capital of the Austrian province of Tyrol?

Tyrol travel guide - Wikitravel 14 Get out Tyrol (German: Tirol) is a multi-national historical region located in the heart of the Alps in Austria and Italy. It consists of North, East, and South Tyrol. North and East Tyrol lie in Austria and together make up the Austrian federal-state of Tyrol with its capital in Innsbruck . North and East Tyrol are a bit of an oddity as they do not share a common frontier. This is a direct result of history, South Tyrol , despite its German speaking majority, has been part of Italy since the end of World War I. It makes up the northern portion of the alpine Italian autonomous province Trentino-Alto Adige with its capital in Bolzano (Italian) or Bozen (German). Together the two provinces make up historic Tyrol. Understand[ edit ] Like its sister provinces of Bavaria in Germany and Salzburgerland in Austria, the Tyrol is the very definition of the Germanic Alpine stereotype. Full of romantic lakes and castles and beer drinking lederhosen clad locals playing ump-papa music and marching in bands, the place can seem a bit fairy tale to the visitor at times because it is! Innsbruck and Bolzano/Bozen are the only real "bigger" cities making it a natural paradise too. The roads get clogged with tourists however in the summer and winter months. South Tyrol sits on the sunny side of the Alps and is an interesting mix of three cultures making a special place in Europe. Talk[ edit ] As in nearly all of Austria, Austro-Bavarian is the main everyday spoken language of Tyrol (except in Reutte district where it is Alemannic). The Tyrolean dialect is even often tricky to understand for residents of eastern Austria (including Vienna) let alone from northern Germany. But, as in all of Austria, standard (Austrian) German is the official language used in all official publications and schools, so the vast majority speaks it, and in Innsbruck basically everyone is fluent. English is spoken by most educated middle aged and young people, and Italian is also quite prevalent due to the proximity of the South Tyrolian border and a small immigrant community in Innsbruck. By air[ edit ] There is an international airport in Innsbruck (ICAO code: LOWI) which has schedules to Vienna , Frankfurt , London , Amsterdam , Graz , Nice , Hannover , Stavanger , Alghero , Gothenburg and Olbia . Schedules may differ in winter. SkyEurope was a discount airline that flies to Innsbruck. However, FlyNiki/Airberlin have started on offering reaseonably priced flight from Vienna and Cologne . The Munich Airport, 2.5 hours away, is another alternative. There are vans that will meet you at the Munich Airport and take you directly to your lodging in or around Innsbruck for the price of a comparable train ticket. There is also an airfield in St. Johann in Tirol (ICAO code: LOIJ), with a 750 m asphalt runway. By train[ edit ] Considering the topography rail connections are impressive and a highly senic and relaxing way to see the Tyrol. Trains also connect the "three Tyrols" via rail and tunnels. Innsbruck has connections to all major cities in Austria such as Vienna , Graz , Salzburg , Linz and Bregenz . There is a 3 hourly connection between Munich and Innsbruck with stops in Kufstein , Wörgl and Jenbach . Get around[ edit ] Www.vvt.at is the official source of information about Tyrol's public transport systems. There are links to all the latest downloadable maps here , with a German-English transport glossary to help you understand them. For longer-distance travel throughout Austria, see www.oebb.at/en .


"Who composed the 1862 opera ""Beatrice et Benedict'?"

Berlioz Beatrice and Benedict     See also Texts  and Documents ; Berlioz   Libretti     The comic opera  Béatrice et Bénédict, composed between 1860 and 1862, was Berlioz’s last major work. It was performed six times in Berlioz’s lifetime under his own direction, four times at Baden-Baden in 1862 and 1863, and twice at Weimar in 1863. Based on a simplified version of the plot of Much ado about nothing it is another example of his life-long admiration for Shakespeare who inspired several of his greatest works (as early as 1833 Berlioz had toyed with the idea of writing an opera on the subject).     The Overture is one of Berlioz’s most delicate and subtle orchestral pieces, and its allusiveness constantly teases the listener. Unlike Benvenuto Cellini , where the main theme of the overture does not in fact appear in the opera, all the music in the overture to Béatrice et Bénédict is adapted from the opera. Though drawn from no less than six different arias or ensembles, the music is seamlessly fused by Berlioz into a coherent symphonic whole, much as Weber had done in his overtures to Der Freischütz, Euryanthe and Oberon.     The Sicilienne, which reappears twice in the opera, early in the first act then as an entr’acte, uses in a modified form a melody composed by Berlioz in 1819, Le Dépit de la bergère (H 7). The original melody dates thus from his early years in La Côte St André even before he came to Paris in 1821.


What are the husks of grain separated from flour after grinding called?

fine grinder for rice husk fine grinder for rice husk XCT1000X Automatic Mini Rice Mill Plant (Fine Bran), 1TPH / … Buy XCT1000X Automatic Mini Rice Mill Plant (Fine Bran) at a professional 1TPH/ 24TPD Capacity Small Rice Mill Plant Manufacturer and Supplier, As a Trusted … Rice husk Rice husk. This page is under construction! What is rice husk? The outermost layer of the paddy grain is the rice husk, also called rice hull. It is separated from ... Rice Mill-China Rice Mill Manufacturers & Suppliers - Made in China Rice Mill manufacturers directory - trade platform for China Rice Mill manufacturers and global Rice Mill buyers provided by Made-in-China.com Rice Mill Machine Manufacturers, High Quality Rice Mill Machine ... Rice Mill Machine, Rice Mill Machine Manufacturers & Suppliers Directory - Find a Large Variety of Rice Mill Machine Manufacturers, Choose Verified Rice Mill Machine ... LNTF-S Combined Rice Huller & Whitener With Double Disk Mill - … Mainly used for milling hull rice and crushing the husk into fine bran that can be used for forage. Product features 1. It has two sets of disk mill device ... Project Report & Profiles » Rice Husk, Rice Hull, Rice Husk Ash ... Project Report & Profiles on Rice Husk, Rice Hull, Rice Husk Ash (Agricultural waste) based Projects Rice Processing Equipment - Rice Glazer, Rice Sifter Legend ... Manufacturer of Rice Processing Equipment, Rice Glazer, Grading Machines, Rice Sifter Legend, Husk Separator Machine and Mini Rice Plant offered by Laxman Fabricators ... Rice Milling Machine, Rice Polisher Manufacturer & Supplier ... LNTF-S Combined Rice Huller & Whitener With Double Disk Mill Mainly used for milling hull rice and crushing the husk into fine bran that can be used for forage. Structure of Mesoporous MCM-41 Prepared from Rice Husk Ash  · PDF 文件 THE 8TH ASIAN SYMPOSIUM ON VISUALIZATION, 2005 CHAINGMAI, THAILAND, 23-27 MAY 2005 Paper number n n-1 Structure of Mesoporous MCM-41 Prepared from Rice Husk … Precleaning section - Fine Cleaning Section and Shelling ... We are the largest manufacturer and supplier of exotic range of Modern technology Rice Mill Machines and Equipments throughout the globe, which are manufactured using ... cement grinding material - YouTube Roller Presses: http://ww30.psui.cn/Roller Cement grinding AIDS application effect evaluation: http://ww30.psui.cn/Cement Cement processing, crushing of ... Mill Machine-China Mill Machine Manufacturers & Suppliers - … We offer complete set of rice mill equipment series 18T/D to 200T/Day, with high white ... excellent polished rice quality. ...For this rice mill more details, please ... Agricultural Machineries - Corn Grinding Mills, Horizontal ... Supplier and Exporter of Agricultural Machineries, Corn Grinding Mills, Domestic Grinders, Horizontal Grinding Mill, Fully Automatic Mini Micro Pulveriser and ... Agricultural Machineries - Rice Hullers With Polishers, Corn ... Importer and Supplier of Agricultural Machineries, Rice Hullers With Polishers, Horizontal Grinding Mill, Corn Grinding Mills, Vertical Stone Grinder and Domestic ... Biomass pellet mill -The largest manufacturers of wood pellet mill ... Yulong Machine is dedicated to research and manufacturing of biomass pellet mill.The main products are: wood pellet machine, Straw pellet mill,pellet press , Rice ... Wheat Suppliers,Rice Suppliers,Wheat Exporters,Pulses Exporters Directory of wheat suppliers, rice suppliers, wheat exporters and pulses exporters. Get details of manufacturers & exporters of wheat cereals, sorghum, soymeal, suji ... Home - Eujime Embryo Rice Did you know that rice loses most of its nutritious value through the process of threshing, polishing, flavouring and whitening? "What is worse that some ... Grinding Machine, Grinding Machine Products, Grinding … Grinding Machine, You Can Buy Various High Quality Grinding Machine Products from Global Grinding Machine Suppliers and Grinding Machine Manufacturers at … rice Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles ... rice cereal grain ( Oryza sativa ) of the grass family (Gramina


The head and the abdomen are two of the three part of an insect's body - what is the third?

Insect body parts - Insect anatomy You are here: Home › Insects › Insect bodyparts Insect bodyparts The most visible parts of the body of an adult insect are: the head , the antennae , the mouthparts , the thorax , the wings , the legs , and the abdomen . To learn more about the anatomy, click on the different body parts of this insect !!   Head The head is the anterior of the three body regions of an adult insect. It bears the eyes (usually a pair of compound eyes), the antennae and the mouthparts .   Thorax The thorax is the middle of the three body regions of an adult insect. It is composed of 3 segments. It bears 3 pairs of legs (one on each segment) and usually 2 pairs of wings . Some insects have only 1 pair of wings.   Abdomen The abdomen is the posterior of the three body regions of an adult insect. It is composed of 11 segments. The abdomen bears the external genitalia of the insect. In female insects these consist of an ovipositor.   Wings Most adult insects have 2 pairs of wings, but some (for example flies) have only 1 pair of wings. Usually the wings are membranous but in some insects they can be leathery or hard. Sometimes the wings bear hairs or small scales.   Legs Adult insects have 6 legs. Each of the segments of the thorax bears 1 pair of legs. The legs are segmented. Often the last segment of the leg bears a small claw. In some insects, the legs are specially adapted for jumping.   Antennae The head of most adult insects bears a pair of antennae. Insects use the antennae to detect odours or they use them as tactile (touch) organs. Antennae of different insects are very variable in form and size.   Mouthparts The mouthparts of adult insects can be of different types. In many species they are of the chewing type, for example in grasshoppers and beetles. Others have sucking mouthparts for example shaped like stylets in bugs and aphids or shaped like a coiled tongue in butterflies and moths. The different types of mouthparts determine how the insect feeds. Note: Many school children and school teachers visit this page to learn about insects. If your school has a website, please link to this page. If you have ideas for similar pages, please send me a message. Siteseeing


Who, in the Old Testament, ordered the building of the Golden Calf?

Exodus 32 NIV - The Golden Calf - When the people saw - Bible Gateway Exodus 32New International Version (NIV) The Golden Calf 32 When the people saw that Moses was so long in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said, “Come, make us gods[ a ] who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who brought us up out of Egypt, we don’t know what has happened to him.” 2 Aaron answered them, “Take off the gold earrings that your wives, your sons and your daughters are wearing, and bring them to me.” 3 So all the people took off their earrings and brought them to Aaron. 4 He took what they handed him and made it into an idol cast in the shape of a calf, fashioning it with a tool. Then they said, “These are your gods,[ b ] Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt.” 5 When Aaron saw this, he built an altar in front of the calf and announced, “Tomorrow there will be a festival to the Lord.” 6 So the next day the people rose early and sacrificed burnt offerings and presented fellowship offerings. Afterward they sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry. 7 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go down, because your people, whom you brought up out of Egypt, have become corrupt. 8 They have been quick to turn away from what I commanded them and have made themselves an idol cast in the shape of a calf. They have bowed down to it and sacrificed to it and have said, ‘These are your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt.’ 9 “I have seen these people,” the Lord said to Moses, “and they are a stiff-necked people. 10 Now leave me alone so that my anger may burn against them and that I may destroy them. Then I will make you into a great nation.” 11 But Moses sought the favor of the Lord his God. “Lord,” he said, “why should your anger burn against your people, whom you brought out of Egypt with great power and a mighty hand? 12 Why should the Egyptians say, ‘It was with evil intent that he brought them out, to kill them in the mountains and to wipe them off the face of the earth’? Turn from your fierce anger; relent and do not bring disaster on your people. 13 Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac and Israel, to whom you swore by your own self: ‘I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and I will give your descendants all this land I promised them, and it will be their inheritance forever.’” 14 Then the Lord relented and did not bring on his people the disaster he had threatened. 15 Moses turned and went down the mountain with the two tablets of the covenant law in his hands. They were inscribed on both sides, front and back. 16 The tablets were the work of God; the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets. 17 When Joshua heard the noise of the people shouting, he said to Moses, “There is the sound of war in the camp.” 18 Moses replied: “It is not the sound of victory,     it is not the sound of defeat;     it is the sound of singing that I hear.” 19 When Moses approached the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, his anger burned and he threw the tablets out of his hands, breaking them to pieces at the foot of the mountain. 20 And he took the calf the people had made and burned it in the fire; then he ground it to powder, scattered it on the water and made the Israelites drink it. 21 He said to Aaron, “What did these people do to you, that you led them into such great sin?” 22 “Do not be angry, my lord,” Aaron answered. “You know how prone these people are to evil. 23 They said to me, ‘Make us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who brought us up out of Egypt, we don’t know what has happened to him.’ 24 So I told them, ‘Whoever has any gold jewelry, take it off.’ Then they gave me the gold, and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf!” 25 Moses saw that the people were running wild and that Aaron had let them get out of control and so become a laughingstock to their enemies. 26 So he stood at the entrance to the camp and said, “Whoever is for the Lord, come to me.” And all the Levites rallied to him. 27 Then he said to them, “This is what


"In ""The Simpson"", what is the name of Bart's school principal?"

Springfield Elementary School | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Springfield Elementary School is an elementary school which Bart Simpson , Lisa Simpson , and many other children of Springfield , such as Nelson Muntz , Janey Powell , Jimbo Jones , Martin Prince , Ralph Wiggum and Milhouse Van Houten attend. The principal is Seymour Skinner and its superintendent, who often visits the school, is Gary Chalmers . The school's mascot is a purple puma. [1] [2] Contents [ show ] Profile Springfield Elementary is two stories high, and contains a gym and a cafeteria. The basement includes a steam tunnel. In the earlier episodes (such as seasons 1-5)  there is somewhat of a steeple on top of the school roof. The floor plan is identical to that of West Springfield Elementary School . Springfield Elementary School is also based on McCarthy Middle School. There is a field trip memorial that shows the names of the students who never came back from a field trip. [3] Groundskeeper Willie constantly has to edit the wall, and is very crestfallen and offended when he must engrave the name of a student with a long name, like Bart and Lisa Simpson. In " At Long Last Leave " it is mentioned that the school sneaks the kids answers to state tests, yet they still fail. School president Dates listed correspond to the years the episodes were broadcast in, rather than a year that the episode was known to take place in. Condition Springfield Elementary is heavily underfunded. With almost constant reductions in the budget the school has been forced to use rather bizarre methods to make up for the lack of funding. It has been stated many times that the school is filled with asbestos. Underfunding of the school has resulted in a variety of troubling scenarios for students and staff. Sub-standard facilities abound, including a cinder block having replaced the school's tether ball, cafeteria food made from circus animals, shredded newspaper, and old gym mats, as well as a cheap substitute for Milk called "Malk" (only the teachers eat French fries made from potatoes), among others. It was revealed that Springfield Elementary was at one time voted "The Most Dilapidated School in Missouri" and was then moved, brick-by-brick, to Springfield. [4] The school is overcrowded because of insufficient funds to build more classrooms. In addition, the teachers are less than average, known for their lack of ability to teach, and are seen smoking and drinking within the school premises. Lunchlady Doris was forced to use grade F meat. Before Bart came to the school and before Lisa was born, the school had a swimming pool and Groundskeeper Willie was the swim coach. Skinner took the pool out when he spent an entire weekend inside it, among lots of worms, which made him what he is today. This was a prank made by Andy Hamilton , a former student of the school. [5] The school was once shown to have a tower with a winding staircase within which led to a fortification area, a feature that has not appeared since. [6] Other short period additions include a disabled ramp access system constructed by local mafia funding (which collapsed shortly thereafter without it ever being used [as the student who acted as the reason for building it, Bart Simpson , who was confined to a wheelchair after an accident, had recovered earlier than expected], and was also revealed to have been made out of breadsticks) which later forced the school to almost close completely until a toy company bought it. The auditorium was once bulldozed to make way for a mini-mall. At one time, Groundskeeper Willie accidentally struck oil and the school built a large drilling rig on top of the building. Unfortunately, Burns took the oil first and Springfield Elementary was made even poorer due to the cost of deconstructing the drill. [7] Springfield Elementary was partially converted to a prison to support funds. [8] The school's address is 19 Plympton Street. [9] When Springfield underwent an economic crisis , Springfield Elementary, as a result of the cutbacks from the slump, significantly shortened the


How many grains are there in a pennyweight?

Gold pennyweight to grams of gold converter CONVERT :   between other gold measuring units - complete list. Solid Pure 24k Gold Amounts This calculator tool is based on the pure 24K gold, with Density: 19.282 g/cm3 calculated (24 karat gold grade, finest quality raw and solid gold volume; from native gold, the type we invest -in commodity markets, by trading in forex platform and in commodity future trading. Both the troy and the avoirdupois ounce units are listed under the gold metal main menu. I advice learning from a commodity trading school first. Then buy and sell.) Gold can be found listed either in table among noble metals or with precious metals. Is it possible to manage numerous calculations for how heavy are other gold volumes all on one page? Yes, all in one Au multiunit calculator makes it possible managing just that. Convert gold measuring units between pennyweight (dwt) and grams (g) of gold but in the other direction from grams into pennyweights . conversion result for gold: g Precious metals: gold conversion This online gold from dwt into g (precious metal) converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals. It can help when selling scrap metals for recycling. Other applications of this gold calculator are ... With the above mentioned units calculating service it provides, this gold converter proved to be useful also as a teaching tool: 1. in practicing pennyweights and grams ( dwt vs. g ) exchange. 2. for conversion factors training exercises with converting mass/weights units vs. liquid/fluid volume units measures. 3. work with gold's density values including other physical properties this metal has. International unit symbols for these two gold measurements are: Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. short brevis ), unit symbol, for pennyweight is: dwt Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for gram is: g One pennyweight of gold converted to gram equals to 1.56 g How many grams of gold are in 1 pennyweight? The answer is: The change of 1 dwt ( pennyweight ) unit of a gold amount equals = to 1.56 g ( gram ) as the equivalent measure for the same gold type. In principle with any measuring task, switched on professional people always ensure, and their success depends on, they get the most precise conversion results everywhere and every-time. Not only whenever possible, it's always so. Often having only a good idea ( or more ideas ) might not be perfect nor good enough solutions. Subjects of high economic value such as stocks, foreign exchange market and various units in precious metals trading, money, financing ( to list just several of all kinds of investments ), are way too important. Different matters seek an accurate financial advice first, with a plan. Especially precise prices-versus-sizes of gold can have a crucial/pivotal role in investments. If there is an exact known measure in dwt - pennyweights for gold amount, the rule is that the pennyweight number gets converted into g - grams or any other unit of gold absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for a trader or investor who is buying. And a saving calculator for having a peace of mind by knowing more about the quantity of e.g. how much industrial commodities is being bought well before it is payed for. It is also a part of savings to my superannuation funds. "Super funds" as we call them in this country. Oven info & galleries


"Who, in about 1759, painted the picture ""The Shrimp Girl"", now in the National Gallery, London?"

Learn and talk about The Shrimp Girl, 1740s paintings, Collections of the National Gallery, London, Paintings by William Hogarth National Gallery , London The Shrimp Girl is a painting by the English artist William Hogarth . It was painted around 1740–45, and is held by the National Gallery, London . [1] The painting, a relatively late work by Hogarth, is one of several in which he experimented with a loose, almost impressionistic style comparable to the work of Fragonard . In its subject matter, it resembles the prints of hawkers and traders popular in Hogarth's day. [2] The painting depicts a woman selling shellfish on the streets of London, typically a job for the wives and daughters of fishmongers who owned stalls in markets such as Billingsgate . The subject balances a large basket on her head, bearing shrimps and mussels, together with a half-pint pewter pot as a measure. Its size suggests that it was intended as a portrait, rather than a sketch for a larger work. It is not strictly finished and was still in Hogarth's estate after his death. His widow Jane was said to have told visitors on showing the picture to them: "They say he could not paint flesh. There is flesh and blood for you." [3] It was only sold after his wife's death in 1789, and first received its title The Shrimp Girl in a Christie's sale catalogue.


In Norse mythology, from what type of tree was man first created?

Norse Creation Yggdrasill and the Nine World Odin and his brothers then used Ymir's body to create the universe. This universe comprises of nine worlds. They placed the body over the void called Ginnungagap. They used his flesh for creating the earth and his blood for the sea. His skull, held up by four dwarves (Nordri, Sudri, Austri, and Vestri), was used to create the heaven. Then using sparks from Muspelheim, the gods created the sun, moon and stars. While Ymir's eyebrows were used to create a place where the human race could live in; a place called Midgard (Middle Earth). A great ash tree called Yggdrasill ("World Tree") supported the universe, with roots that connects the nine worlds together. One root of Yggdrasill extends to Muspelheim ("world of fire"), while another root to Niflheim (the "world of cold" or "of ice"). Niflheim was sometimes confused with Niflhel; Niflhel being known by another name – Hel, was the world of the dead. Hel was sometimes used interchangeably with Niflhel by many writers, as the world of the dead. The name, Yggdrasill, means "Steed of Ygg". Ygg is another for Odin, which means, "Terrible One". Therefore, the great tree means in English, "Steed of the Terrible One". Odin's horse is named Sleipnir, but I found no connection between the tree and Sleipnir. While one root was connected to Asgard (home of the Aesir ), another root to Vanaheim (home of the Vanir ). The frost giants lived Jötunheim (Jotunheim). Midgard was the world for human. Alfheim was home of the light elves (ljósálfar). There was also the underground world for the black elves (svartálfar), called Svartalfheim. The dwarves inhabited the world of Nidavellir. Besides the three roots of Yggdrasill, there were three wells. The Norns guarded the Urdarbrunnr, which is often known as "Weird's Well", "Wyrd's Well" or "Urda's Well". The Weird's Well was considered to be very holy. The Norns were Urda or Weird or Wyrd ("Past"), Verdandi ("Present") and Skuld ("Future"). Two swans drink from this well. The Norns cared for the root near the Weird's Well. Every day, they take water from the holy well, pouring on the root and soil, so that at least this root doesn't rot or decay likes the other roots. The mud was white in colour. This white mud caused honeydew to fall to the earth, keeping the valley around the well to be forever green. Each day, the Aesir sit at the court at Weird's Well. Horses take the Aesir to this court. Odin rides Sleipnir. Ten other horses were given names: Glad, Gyllir, Glær, Skeidbrimir, Silfrtopp, Sinir, Gils, Falhofnir, Gulltopp (belonging to Heimdall) and Lettfet. Balder's horse was burned with him. Apart from Sleipnir and Gulltopp, no specific horses were assigned to a particular god. The Aesir must ride across Bifrost (Rainbow Bridge) to reach Weird's Well. Thor doesn't bother to ride to attend the court. Thor walked and waded through the rivers, Kormat and Ormt and two Kerlaugs. The second well was Mímisbrunnr (Mimisbrunnr) or the "Well of Mimir", which was also known as the "Well of Knowledge". The well was said to be guarded by the Aesir god named Mimir , a Norse god of wisdom. See the Well of Knowledge in the Search for Wisdom on how Odin pay Mimir to drink from this well. The third well was called Hvergelmir or the "Roaring Kettle", where a giant serpent called Nidhogg , continuously gnaws at the root of Niflheim. Eventually, Nidhogg will eat its way through the root that will cause Yggdrasill to collapse. But this won't happen until Ragnarok finally arrived. Nidhogg also liked sucking on the bodies of the dead. There are many other animals that dwelled around Yggdrasill. Apart from Nidhogg, there were countless snakes living with the great serpent. From above, four harts or stags feed on the foliage. The harts were given the names of Dain, Duneyr, Durathror and Dvalin. So with Nidhogg feed on one root from above, the stags feed from above, while the side of the tree rotted, Yggdrasill suffered greatly. Perched on one of the branches was a great eagle, wise beyond its years. A hawk, called Vedrfolnir


Which is the only Far Eastern country to have been a member of OPEC, being so from 1962 to 2008?

Middle Eastern Oil: An Historical Perspective and Outlook Middle Eastern Oil: An Historical Perspective and Outlook Mercurial Times ^ | 5/25/02 | Sean Finnegan Posted on 05/26/2003 8:15:58 PM PDT by nunya bidness It's always been about oil when it comes to the Middle East. From the borders drawn by the British and French after the Great War to the current flare-up in Iraq, the simple fact is that not one drop of western blood would have ever been shed were it not for Persian Gulf crude. However, this does not mean that the United States is unjust in acting or alone in dealing with the petulant behavior of the oil producing countries in the region; it just means that we are the latest country to go back in force to bring stability where other countries have failed, most notably Britain and France. This time the United States will have the opportunity to achieve this stability from within the borders of the founding country of OPEC with the potential to secure oil sources for the entire world. If history is any indication the challenge is risky but the benefit will be worth the effort. To put the current circumstances in the Middle East into perspective, it is imperative to observe the history of oil discovery and production both domestically and abroad. Many of the lessons learned can be applied to current events with the added benefit of projecting motives of key players in both producing and consuming countries. The alliance of France, Germany, and Russia, in particular, make perfect sense when observed under the constraint of energy trade. And the possible alliance of Iraq with western markets outside of the traditional OPEC structure could prove to be a landmark event that could change the face of Middle Eastern cooperation. Nothing is guaranteed except that the Iraqis will face events that have occurred before and in all likelihood they will behave in a predictable fashion. If the United States wants to capitalize on the first reintroduced major producer it will take skilled diplomacy, cooperation with current foes, and patience with the archaic political structure of the Arabian Peninsula. The fighting may prove to be the easy part but with history as a guide peace and prosperity is achievable.   HISTORY American Made It all started in Titusville, Pennsylvania on August 27, 1859. "Colonel" Edwin L. Drake, the first "wildcatter", struck oil and transformed the northwestern portion of the state into a boomtown. He was prompted by the efforts of George Bissell, the father of the oil industry, to extract "rock oil" from the ground to serve as an illuminant. The process of refining the oil to a usable flammable liquid was perfected by chemist Benjamin Silliman and the final product became known as "kerosene". Together their efforts turned night into day and extended working hours beyond what was available with natural light. The second Industrial Revolution began with and was aided by oil discovered and produced in the United States. John D. Rockefeller exploited the new discovery and founded Standard Oil based on a fledgling refinery business in Cleveland, Ohio in 1865. He was instrumental in developing the modern business model of the industry and in fostering advances in technology and trade. Pipelines were built to bypass the high cost of delivering the wooden barrels (formerly whiskey casks) due to the formidable power of the Teamsters Union. Eventually these pipelines linked the Pennsylvania fields to railroads which sent the oil and kerosene to thirsty markets in the industrial northeast. Rockefeller meticulously bought and linked all the supply and distribution sectors under one roof. This consolidation made Standard a dominant force and allowed Rockefeller the opportunity to develop price cutting methods to destroy his competition and assimilate smaller companies in short order. It would take until 1911 before Standard was split up by the federal government before the company would face its first real competitor. The US may have founded the modern oil industry but it was not alone. The Russians had quickly deve


Who was the US Marine involved in arms sales to Iran and diverting money to the Nicaraguan Contras?

Iran-contra affair Encyclopedia  >  History  >  United States, Canada, and Greenland  >  U.S. History Iran-contra affair Iran-contra affair, in U.S. history, secret arrangement in the 1980s to provide funds to the Nicaraguan contra rebels from profits gained by selling arms to Iran. The Iran-contra affair was the product of two separate initiatives during the administration of President Ronald Reagan . The first was a commitment to aid the contras who were conducting a guerrilla war against the Sandinista government of Nicaragua. The second was to placate "moderates" within the Iranian government in order to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon and to influence Iranian foreign policy in a pro-Western direction. Despite the strong opposition of the Reagan administration, the Democratic-controlled Congress enacted legislation, known as the Boland amendments, that prohibited the Defense Dept., the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), or any other government agency from providing military aid to the contras from Dec., 1983, to Sept., 1985. The Reagan administration circumvented these limitations by using the National Security Council (NSC), which was not explicitly covered by the law, to supervise covert military aid to the contras. Under Robert McFarlane (1983–85) and John Poindexter (1985–86) the NSC raised private and foreign funds for the contras. This operation was directed by NSC staffer Marine Lt. Col. Oliver North . McFarlane and North were also the central figures in the plan to secretly ship arms to Iran despite a U.S. trade and arms embargo. In early Nov., 1986, the scandal broke when reports in Lebanese newspapers forced the Reagan administration to disclose the arms deals. Poindexter resigned before the end of the month; North was fired. Select congressional committees held joint hearings, and in Dec., 1986, Lawrence E. Walsh was named as special prosecutor to investigate the affair. Higher administration officials, particularly Reagan, Vice President Bush , and William J. Casey (former director of the CIA, who died in May, 1987), were implicated in some testimony, but the extent of their involvement remained unclear. North said he believed Reagan was largely aware of the secret arrangement, and the independent prosecutor's report (1994) said that Reagan and Bush had some knowledge of the affair or its coverup. Reagan and Bush both claimed to have been uninformed about the details of the affair, and no evidence was found to link them to any crime. A presidential commission was critical of the NSC, while congressional hearings uncovered a web of official deception, mismanagement, and illegality. A number of criminal convictions resulted, including those of McFarlane, North, and Poindexter, but North's and Poindexter's were vacated on appeal because of immunity agreements with the Senate concerning their testimony. Former State Dept. and CIA officials pleaded guilty in 1991 to withholding information about the contra aid from Congress, and Caspar Weinberger, defense secretary under Reagan, was charged (1992) with the same offense. In 1992 then-president Bush pardoned Weinberger and other officials who had been indicted or convicted for withholding information on or obstructing investigation of the affair. The Iran-contra affair raised serious questions about the nature and scope of congressional oversight of foreign affairs and the limits of the executive branch. See B. Woodward, Veil (1987); T. Draper, A Very Thin Line (1991). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History


A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN HERALDRY by JAMES PARKER Abacot . See Cap . Abased , (fr. abaissé): this term is used when a chevron , fesse , or other ordinary, is borne lower than its usual situation. Charges, however, when placed low down in the shield are said to be in base. Abatements , sometimes called Rebatements , are marks of disgrace attached to arms on account of some dishonourable act of the bearer. They are shewn by pieces of different shapes being to all appearance cut out of, or off from, the shield; their shapes and positions are represented by the following varieties, which are nine in number, and must be either sanguine or tenné, which the old writers call "staynande colours," otherwise they are no abatements but honourable charges, viz.-- 1. Delf.         4. Point dexter.     7. Gore sinister.       2. Inescutcheonreversed. 5. Point pointed.    8. Gusset dexter.       3. Plain Point.     6. Point champaine.   9. Gusset sinister.     As the use of arms in not compulsory, a bearer would of course rather relinquish them than publish his own disgrace by bearing them abated. Abatements such as the above exist only in systems of heraldry, and no instance of their actual use is on record: but under the several headings diagrams will be found explaining the meaning of the terms which are used by heraldic writers.     Broken chevrons, and beasts turned towards the sinister, are supposed by some heraldic writers to have been given as abatements .     "And Edward the Third of England ordained two of six stars which a gentleman had in his arms to be effaced, because he had sold a seaport of which he was made governor." [According to Sir George Mackenzie, in allusion to AYMERY OF PAVIA, a Lombard, governor of Calais in 1349, who bore azure, four mullets or.]     There is another mark of disgrace which is due only to the traitor: is consists in debasing or reversing the entire coat. Ace : See Cards . Achievements , spelt sometimes atchievements, and more frequently hatchments: coats of arms in general, and particularly those funeral escutcheons, which being placed upon the fronts of houses or in churches, or elsewhere, set forth the rank and circumstances of the deceased. The arms upon the latter may in all cases be either single or quartered.     When the deceased is the last of his line a death's head may be placed over his arms instead of, or besides, the crest.     A. OFFICIAL PERSONAGES. 1, 2. A king or reigning queen, whether married or not.--The royal arms complete, upon a ground entirely black.     3. A queen consort.--The achievements of a queen consort should be arranged in a manner similar to that of the lady of a peer.     4. Archbishops and bishops.--An archbishop or bishop has his paternal arms impaled after the insignia of his see, both being surmounted by a mitre. The ground must be per pale, white on the dexter side, signifying that the see never dies, and black on the sinister, denoting the decease of the bishop. Whether the bishop be married or unmarried will make no difference in the arrangement of his achievement .     The arms of the bishops of Winchester and Oxford(the one, prelate, and the other, chancellor of the order of the garter) should be encircled by the garter, and have their badges pendent. The archbishops of Armagh and Dublin bear the badge of the order of S.Patrick in the same manner. Prelates having temporal jurisdiction, (as the bishops of Durham had,) may bear a crosier and sword saltirewise behind their arms; the hilt of the sword should be uppermost.     5, 6. The dean of a cathedral or collegiate church, or the head of a college, whether married or not.--The insignia of the deanery or college impaled with the paternal coat must be placed upon a ground parted per pale white and black, as in No. 4. A dean or other clerk should by no means bear a helmet , mantle , or crest .     The deans of Windsor, Westminster, and S.Patrick's, Dublin, should bear the badges of their respective orders.     7. Kings of Arms.--The achievement of a king of arms s


How many links are there in a surveyor's chain?

Surveyor's Chain Article taken from "Backsights" Magazine published by Surveyors Historical Society THE SURVEYOR'S CHAIN To surveyors and collectors alike, the link chain symbolizes a rugged era, when surveying tools and techniques were literally defining America.  The chain was a precision part of a surveyor's equipment and, as such, had to be calibrated and adjusted frequently, yet was sturdy enough to be dragged through rough terrain for years. Owning a link chain now captures a bit of this glorious past; to heft it enhances the kinship one feels with the surveyor who toiled in the field long ago.  As collectors, we need to identify the type of chain we own, in order to understand its history.  Each chain bears the clues of its use, such as the wire gauge used, the materials and design used, the lengths of the whole and of each link, the manufacturer's stamps, the presence or absence of brazing, the tally-tags, and the presence or absence of linking rings.  Noting these components will make it possible to approximate the date and purpose of your link chain with the aid of period manufacturer's catalogs.  The following is a nicely detailed account from the 1910 Manual of the Principal Instruments used in American Engineering and Surveying, published by the W. & L. E. Gurley Company of Troy, New York. Sizes of Wire - The sizes and diameters of iron and steel wire commonly used in making surveyor's and engineer's chains are as follows:  No. 8, .162 inch;   No. 10, .135 inch;   No. 12, .105 inch;  No. 15, .072 inch; and  No. 18, .047 inch. Land Surveyor's Chain - The ordinary Gunter's or surveyor's chain is sixty-six feet or four poles long, and is composed of one hundred links, connected each to each by two rings, and furnished with a tally mark at the end of every ten links.  A link in measurement includes a ring at each end, and is seven and ninety two one hundredths inches long.  In all the chains which we make the rings are oval and are sawed and well closed, the ends of the wore forming the hook being also filed and bent close to the link, to avoid kinking.  The oval rings are about one third stronger than round ones. Handles - The handles are of brass and form part of the end links, to which they are connected by a short link and jam nuts, by which the length of the chain is adjusted. Tallies - The tallies are of brass, and have one, two, three or four notches, as they mark ten, twenty, thirty or forty links from either end.  The fiftieth link is marked by a rounded tally to distinguish it from the others. Half Chains - In place of the four pole chain just described, many surveyors prefer a chain two rods or thirty three feet long, having only fifty links, which are counted by tallies from one end in a single direction. Iron and Steel Wire - Our surveyors' chains are made of Nos. 8 and 10 refined iron wire, and of Nos. 8, 10, 12 and 15 best steel wire.  Steel chains are preferred on account of their greater strength, although they are more expensive than those of iron. Engineers' Chains - Engineers' chains differ from surveyors' chains, in that a link including a ring at each end is one foot long, and the wire is of steel Nos. 8, 10 and 12.  They are either fifty or one hundred feet long, and are furnished with swivel handles and tallies like those just described. Brazed Steel Chains - A very light and strong chain is made of No. 12 steel wire, the links and rings of which are securely brazed.  The wire is of a low spring temper, and the chain, though light, is almost incapable of being broken or stretched in careful use. Our brazed steel chains have been found exceedingly desirable for all kinds of measurement, and for the use of engineers upon railroads and canals have very generally superseded the heavier chains. Vara Chains - The meter is used as a standard measure of length in many countries, and chains of ten and twenty meters are often ordered.  The chains are made of iron or steel wire, each meter being divided into five links.  As a meter is 39.371 inches long, a link, including a ring at each end, measure


"In 'The Simpsons"", what is the forename of the driver of the school bus?"

Otto Mann | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia “Yo, Bart dude.” ―Otto's catchphrase Otto Mann, known as Otto the School Bus Driver prior to Season 8 (and so stylized after Bart calling him "the Otto man" on several occasions), is a former school underachiever who now works as the bus driver for Springfield Elementary . Otto was initially conceived by Shearer himself as a caricature of heavy metal music aficionados who mostly play guitar and do drugs while occupying a low-level labor job. He then became a character well known for his party tendencies and calling others slang such as "dude", "lady", or "pops". He is friends with Bart on some occasions, despite their age difference, and dreams of starting his own rock band to become a celebrity, all while getting the school bus into trouble one time after another. Contents [ show ] Profile Otto is notable for his drug use, maniacal driving, love of heavy metal music, and propensity for the 1980s junkie lifestyle. According to his driver's license, he was born on January 18, 1963, thus making him 29, as of " The Otto Show ." He was placed under suspension at least twice: Once after he not only crashed a school bus full of kids for the 15th time, but was also revealed not to possess a driver's license [1] and another time when he spanked Bart out of fury after Bart stole the bus (and thus cost him his one and only chance of proving himself to Metallica by giving them a ride). [2] He has been seen at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings: "My name is Otto, and I love to get blotto!" Otto has been seen smoking marijuana [3] [4] and during Trappuccino , he used a bong. [5] He once had a hallucination in which his shoes were talking to him as a result of his drug use. [6] Skinner stated that also, at one point, he was apparently driving the bus while on narcotics, wondering if Metallica was indeed the real Metallica with their tour bus broken down, until a narcotic-induced hallucination of a dragon confirmed he wasn't seeing things in regards to Metallica. [7] Otto once submitted a urine sample as part of an application for a job as a prison guard, which contained "crack, smack, uppers, downers, outers, inners, horse tranquilizers, cow paralyzers, blue bombers, green goofers, yellow submarines" and "LSD Mach 3". He only managed to pass because he swapped his sample with Homer's. [8] Busman , a superhero created by Otto. Otto has a passion for rock music, being very skillful at playing the guitar (saying that it was the only thing he did in high school). [9] Otto's favorite songs include "Iron Man" by Black Sabbath, "Dazed and Confused" by Led Zeppelin, "Frankenstein" by The Edgar Winter Group, "Freebird" by Lynyrd Skynyrd, "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" by Poison, "Purple Haze" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience and "We're an American Band" by Grand Funk Railroad. He claims that music is about far off lands (Immigrant Song), deals with the devil (The Devil Went Down to Georgia) and smoke in relation to water (Smoke on the Water). He also likes Metallica, which is referenced several times, but he doesn't state particular songs. He once actually met the band after driving past their broken tour bus. Otto apparently saved Kirk Hammett from quitting the band after seeing his lighter in a concert at Springfield Arena in 1997. When he tried to offer Metallica a ride, Bart drove off with the school bus. [10] He also once mistook a line at the Post Office set up for tax day for a Metallica concert, and didn't realize his mistake until after Kent Brockman asked him why he waited until the last minute to file his tax returns. [11] At a mock-medieval fair at the school , Otto played a lute solo in the style of Jimi Hendrix's guitar solos. He put the lute behind his head to play it, smashed it, and then lit the remains on fire on the floor (just as Hendrix did on June 18, 1967 at the Monterey Pop Festival). [12] Otto was engaged to be married and plays "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" by Poison while proposing to Becky, but when forced to choose between his fiancée and his music, he prefers his music, dumpin


"Who, in 1856, painted the picture ""The Blind Girl, now in the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery?"

Oil Painting - The Blind Girl - Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery Information Centre Oil Painting - The Blind Girl ï¿½ Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery There are no additional images for this object. Basic Information John Everett Millais -  View biography for John Everett Millais Notes The distant background of this painting shows the village of Winchelsea in Sussex, painted in the autumn of 1854. The two girls in the foreground and the middle ground were added later in Perth in 1855. The models were Matilda Proudfoot as the blind girl and Isabella Nichol as her younger sister. Millais had first used his wife Effie but then replaced her with Matilda. The scene deals with the contemporary social problem of vagrancy, focusing on the predicament of children and the disabled. Tate has a pencil drawing of the younger girl in a standing position. Presented by the Rt Hon William Kendrick, 1892.


What, in 1985, was Madonna's first UK No. 1?

Madonna’s Official Number One Singles' Sales Revealed! 07 February 2014 Madonna’s Official Number One Singles' Sales Revealed! It’s an incredible 30 years since the undisputed Queen of Pop had her very first Top 10 hit with Holiday. To celebrate, we count down her 13 Number 1s and reveal the biggest selling of them all… Google + It’s an incredible 30 years since the undisputed Queen of Pop had her very first Top 10 hit with Holiday. To celebrate Madonna’s three decades of Official Charts supremacy, we count down her 13 Number 1s and reveal the biggest selling of them all… 13. Sorry (2006) To kick things off, it’s one of Madonna’s most recent chart-toppers. The second single to be released from Madge’s big return to the disco album Confessions On A Dance Floor, Sorry was something of a surprise Number 1 for her. The video was Madonna in full kitsch mode – first driving around in her own version of the Vengabus (possibly) before rollerskating dressed like a kind of disco astronaut. It was catchy, it was energetic and it was a worthy chart-topper WHO DID IT BEAT? Corinne Bailey Rae’s Put Your Records On had to settle for Number 2. CHART FACT: It was the first time she’d had two consecutive Number 1s in five years. SALES: 200,000 12. Who’s That Girl (1987) A product of Madonna’s movie ambitions – with some success – Who’s That Girl was the first of three tracks released from the soundtrack of the movie of the same name. After a whole campaign with blond hair, brunette Madonna was back and up to her usual tricks, dancing about and ‘causing a commotion’ in between clips from the movie. Critics had their knives out for the movie, in which Madonna played a kooky ex-con with sticky fingers but a heart of gold, but Madge just about pulls it off. As lead singles go, it may not be up there with Madonna’s finest, but it has a certain charm. WHO DID IT BEAT? Madonna knocked Pet Shop Boys’ It’s A Sin off the top. Almost 20 years later, they would remix Sorry for its single release. So no hard feelings, then. That's good. CHART FACT: Who’s That Girl was Madonna’s second chart-topper to spend just one week at Number 1. SALES: 350,000 11. American Pie (2000) A long, long time ago… well, 1972 to be exact, Don McLean had a hit with the classic American Pie, which was so long it took up two sides of a 7” single (ask your mum). Madonna, for reasons that are unclear, decided to cover the song, but to make it all fit nicely onto one CD (ask your older sister) she edited the track considerably. Then-collaborator William Orbit added his signature swooshes and even Rupert Everett, Madonna’s co-star from movie The Next Best Thing, popped in to lay down some backing vocals and appear in the video. WHO DID IT BEAT? American Pie knocked All Saints’ Pure Shores – another William Orbit production – off the top spot and left N Sync settling for Number 3 with Bye Bye Bye. Madonna would later go on to team up with N Sync's Justin Timberlake on another Number 1… CHART FACT: Don McLean’s version only got to Number 2. SALES: 390,000 10. La Isla Bonita (1987) Just before Who’s That Girl came La Isla Bonita, a song which, legend has it, was originally written for Michael Jackson. Madonna got her hands on it first, however, and created a new anthem for anybody who wishes their holiday would go on for a bit longer – and she loves a Holiday does our Madge . WHO DID IT BEAT? La Isla Bonita held off Judy Boucher’s boohoofest Can’t Be With You Tonight. CHART FACT: La Isla Bonita took four weeks to slowly climb from Number 5 to spend two weeks on the top spot. Not bad for a fifth and final single from an already huge-selling album, True Blue. SALES: 410,000 9. Music (2000) Madonna was a force to be reckoned with in late 2000, and enjoyed her second Number 1 of the year with this, the true lead single off her album Music. Although she had just given birth to her second child, Madonna went on a promo blitz for Music, performing a special concert in Brixton that was broadcast over the internet (more impressive then than it sounds now). The Mirwais-produced Art Of Noise-s


What were invented by English chemist John Walker in 1826, and cost one shilling per hundred?

Untitled Page Third Parties: The first third party in the U.S., the Anti-Masonic Party, is founded. Science André Ampere (1775-1836) publishes his "Treatise on Electrodynamics." Inventions The first permanent photograph is produced by J.N. Niepce (1765-1833), a French scientist. Inventions Samuel Morey (1762-1843) patents an internal combustion engine. Inventions The first reflecting telescope is built in the U.S. by Amasa Holcomb (1787-1875) in Massachusetts. Inventions Bassell designs a pendulum that takes exactly one second per swing. Education Education of Women: The first public high schools for girls open in New York and Boston. Education The American Lyceum—a mechanism for adult education—is founded. Education The Smithsonian Institution is founded in Washington, DC, endowed by James Smithson (1765-1829). Arts and Letters The U.S. Academy of Design is founded by Samuel F.B. Morse (1791-1872). Arts and Letters Poetry: Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) publishes "Essays on Mind, with Other Poems." Adams, Abigail John Adams (1735-1826), 2nd President of the U.S., dies in Braintree (now Quincy), MA. Jefferson, Martha Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) dies on July 4 at Monticello (near Charlottsville, VA). Harrison, Anna Lucy Singleton Harrison Este (1800-1826), daughter of William Henry and Anna Harrison, dies April 7. Taylor, Margaret Richard Taylor (1826-1879), son of Zachary and Margaret Taylor, is born January 27. Fillmore, Abigail Abigail Powers (1798-1853) marries Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) on Feb. 5 in Moravia, NY. Lincoln, Mary Mary Todd (1818-1882) enters the academy of Dr. John Ward; stays until she is 14. Grant, Julia Julia Boggs Dent (1826-1902), future wife of President Ulysses S. Grant(1822–1885), is born on January 26 on her family’s plantation near St. Louis, Missouri. Economics Transportation: Railroad History: The first line of rails in the New England States is said to have been laid down at Quincy, Mass., 3 miles in length and pulled by horses. Discovery The first overland journey to Southern California is led by Jedediah Strong Smith (1798-1831). Daily Life Newspapers: The first issue of the "United States Telegraph" is published; it reflects an anti-John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) bias. Popular Culture James Fennimore Cooper (1789-1851) publishes "The Last of the Mohicans." Social Issues Native Americans: The Creek Indians sign the Treaty of Washington, which voids the previous treaty and cedes less land to the government; it requires the Indians to move in 1827. Social Issues Slavery: A Pennsylvania law makes kidnapping a felony, thereby nullifying the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793. Reform Temperence Movement: The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance is founded in Boston. 1827 Joint occupation of the Oregon territory is agreed upon by the U.S. and Britain. War Congress gives the President the right to call out the militia. Science The mammalian ovum (egg) is discovered, proving that mammals do develop from eggs. Science John J. Audubon (1785-1851) publishes "Birds of North America." Medicine Brights’ disease (of the kidneys) is described by English physician Richard Bright (1789-1858). Inventions The screw propeller for ships is invented. Education Joanne Bethune founds the Infant School Society in New York City. Education African American Education: A letter in the Freedom Journal demands education for black women. Education The first nautical school in America is opened in Nantucket, Massachusetts. Education Public Education: Massachusetts requires every town with 500 or more families to establish a public high school. Education Public Education: Massachusetts passes a law making all grades of public school open to all pupils free of charge. Arts and Letters "A Midsummer Night’s Dream," by Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847), premieres. Economics Transportation: The first public transit system—horse-drawn busses—appear in New York City. Economics Transportation: Railroad History: The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is chartered to run from Baltimore to the Ohio River in Virginia. It was the fi


The organisation 'Mensa' takes its name from the Latin for which everyday object?

A latin grammar (oxford) by Alexander - issuu issuu A Latin Grammar | James Morwood O X F O R D UNIVERSITY PBJBSS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogoti fcuenos Aires Calcutta Capelbwn Chennai Dares Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madnd Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ÂŠ Oxford University Press 1999 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (makers) First published 1999 Benjamin Hall Kennedy's Memory Rhymes reprinted by permission of Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. No part-of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN 0-19-860277-4 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typeset in Slimbach, Meta and TYade Gothic by Alliance Phototypesetters, India Pnnted in the Umted States of America on acid-free paper Contents | Introduction Acknowledgements Glossary of grammatical terms Abbreviations Pronunciation Number of syllables and stress in Latin The pronunciation of consonants and vowels The pronunciation of Latin in England Number, gender and cases Cases Reference grammar Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Numerals Pronouns Prepositions Conjunctions Verbs Principal parts of verbs Relative clauses Time, Place and Space Time Place Space Participles Present participles Future participles Past participles Ablative absolute Indirect statement Sequence of tenses Direct and indirect command Direct command Indirect command vii viii ix xvi 1 1 2 4 11 11 16 16 19 23 24 26 29 30 33 36-68 69 71 71 73 75 76 76 77 78 79 82 86 88 88 89 Direct and indirect questions Direct questions Indirect questions Purpose clauses Result clauses Verbs of fearing Impersonal verbs The impersonal use of the passive Gerunds and gerundives The gerund and gerundive in Latin The Gerundive of Obligation Conditional sentences Open conditions Remote and unfulfilled conditions Time Clauses Cum (= when) Some further uses of cum Dum(= while) Some further uses of dum Because, although, as if Because Although As if, as (comparisions) QuTn and Quominus Some, any, every, each, ever Some Tips Words easily confused Some miscellaneous points English into Latin Appendices Roman dates Roman money Roman weights and measures Roman names Some literary terms Vocabulary Latinâ€”English Englishâ€”Latin Benjamin Hall Kennedy's Memory Rhymes Index 92 92 94 96 99 102 104 106 108 108 111 114 115 115 118 122 123 124 124 126 126 127 128 130 133 137 137 140 141 145 147 148 149 150 155 172 180 187 Introduction! This grammar is intended for everyone with an interest in Latin. While most of it should be accessible to near-beginners, it is hoped that those in their later years at school, as well as undergraduates and mature adults, will find it a good guide. It aims to be a 'primer' (a first book) and at the same time something more than that. It aspires in fact, however inadequately, to be a new Kennedy (The Revised Latin Primer by Benjamin Hall Kennedy) for


Cape triangle - Wiktionary Cape triangle Nickname for one of several denominations of triangular postage stamps issued by the Cape of Good Hope during the period 1853-1864. 2003: Cape of Good Hope Wine Co.: Some of the Cape Triangles are very rare and expensive, depending on grade and condition.


"Whose 2010 autobiography, is called ""Decision Points""?"

Press Release: Decision Points by George W. Bush To Be Published By Crown November 9, 2010 - The Crown Publishing Group The Crown Publishing Group Books Authors Communities Features Reader's Guides Press Releases Contact Us Feature Sites Featured Title Books by Category History House & Home Humor Interior Design Job Hunting Literary Fiction Music Mystery & Thrillers Pets Photography Politics Science Self-Help Spirituality and Religion Sports Writing Books by Imprint Press Release: Decision Points by George W. Bush To Be Published By Crown November 9, 2010 Contact: FORMER PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH’S MEMOIR, DECISION POINTS, TO BE PUBLISHED BY CROWN ON NOVEMBER 9, 2010 — Publisher Unveils Book Jacket — [RAW] [/RAW] New York, NY (April 26, 2010) — Decision Points, by George W. Bush, will be published on November 9, 2010, by Crown Publishers. This groundbreaking new brand of memoir will be centered on the fourteen most critical and historic decisions in the life and public service of the 43rd President of the United States. The book will be released simultaneously in the U.S. and Canada in hardcover, e-book, and audio formats. The announcement was made today by Tina Constable, Vice President, Publisher, Crown Publishers, who also unveiled the book jacket, which is available at CrownPublishing.com/category/press-releases . Since leaving the Oval Office, President Bush has given virtually no interviews or public speeches about his presidency. Instead, he has spent almost every day writing Decision Points, a strikingly personal and candid account revealing how and why he made the defining decisions in his consequential presidency and personal life. In gripping, never-before-heard detail, President Bush brings readers inside the Texas Governor’s Mansion on the night of the hotly contested 2000 election; aboard Air Force One on 9/11 in the gripping hours after America’s most devastating attack since Pearl Harbor; inside the Situation Room in the moments before launching the war in Iraq; and behind the Oval Office desk for his historic and controversial decisions on the financial crisis, Hurricane Katrina, Afghanistan, Iran, and other issues that have shaped the first decade of the 21st century. The former President offers intimate, unprecedented details about his decision to quit drinking, his discovery of faith, and his relationships with his family. He writes honestly and directly about his flaws and mistakes, as well as his historic achievements in reforming education, providing life-saving treatments for HIV/AIDS and malaria for millions of people in Africa, safeguarding the country from another terrorist attack, and other areas. Decision Points will carry a suggested retail price of $35. A cloth-bound, signed, and numbered limited edition of 1,000 copies, priced at $350, is also planned. At publication, the former President will embark on a national book tour, details of which will be announced in the coming months. Crown Publishers is an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., whose parent company is Bertelsmann AG.


What type of rocket was used to launch the Apollo spacecraft?

Saturn V Rockets & Apollo Spacecraft Saturn V Rockets & Apollo Spacecraft | The Most Amazing Flying Machines Ever By Tim Sharp, Reference Editor | July 23, 2012 11:44am ET MORE The Apollo 6 mission provided the final test of the Saturn V launch vehicle and Apollo spacecraft for future use in crewed Apollo missions. It launched on April 4, 1968, but was overshadowed by the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. the same day. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Toledo This is part of a  SPACE.com  series of articles on the Most Amazing Flying Machines Ever, the balloons, airplanes, rockets and more that got humans off the ground and into space. The Apollo missions were the answer to a challenge issued by President John F. Kennedy to put a man on the moon. But just to get there, scientists had to build a powerful rocket. And to actually land on the moon — and return the astronauts safely — a new type of spacecraft had to be developed. Saturn V rocket NASA developed the Saturn V rocket to meet the challenge. Taller than a 36-story building (363 feet / 111 meters), it was the largest, most powerful rocket ever launched. Powered by five engines in each of its first two stages, the rocket produced 7.5 million pounds of thrust at liftoff. [Infographic: Apollo 11 Moon Rocket's F-1 Engines Explained ] Sponsored message: Three stages The Saturn V had three expendable stages. The first two stages each had five engines that burned either a mix of kerosene and liquid oxygen, or liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. Each stage lifted the rocket until its fuel was expended. The first stage lifted the rocket about 42 miles (68 kilometers). The second stage carried it almost into orbit. The third stage placed the Apollo spacecraft into orbit and pushed it toward the moon. The first two stages fell into the ocean after separation. The third stage either stayed in space or hit the moon. Fifteen Saturn V rockets were built. Two were tested without a crew. The first Saturn V launched with a crew was Apollo 8. That mission orbited the moon in December 1968. Two more missions tested the lunar landing vehicle. Then, in July 1969 a Saturn V launched the crew of Apollo 11 to the first manned landing on the moon. A Saturn V rocket carried six more missions into space. A two-stage Saturn V also lifted Skylab into orbit. This NASA schematic details the size of the Apollo space capsules, service modules and lunar landers that would ultimately take astronauts to the moon in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Credit: Diagram showing relative sizes of Apollo astronauts, the Lunar Module, and the Command/Service Module. Apollo spacecraft Sitting atop the Saturn V rocket was the Apollo spacecraft, which had three components: the service module, the command module, and the lunar module. The service module provided power, propulsion and storage during the lunar missions. It was cylindrical, and was 24.6 feet (7.5 meters) long and 12.8 feet (3.9 m) in diameter. It contained fuel tanks and oxygen/hydrogen tanks. It housed the fuel cells that provided most of the power for the crew compartments. For most of the mission, the service module and command module were attached, and the units are sometimes referred to as a single craft: the command-service module. The command module housed the astronauts. It was 10.6 feet (3.2 m) tall and 12.8 feet (3.9 m) wide at its base. Inside, the astronauts had about 210 cubic feet (64 m) to move around in — about the space in a car's interior. The command module was the only part of the spacecraft that would return to Earth. It re-entered the atmosphere with its heat shield facing the high temperatures caused by atmospheric friction. As the mission approached the moon, the command module separated from the lunar module. One astronaut stayed in orbit aboard the command module while the other two descended to the lunar surface. [Images: NASA's 17 Apollo Moon Missions in Pictures ] The lunar module carried the astronauts to the moon's surface. The module was 23 feet (7 m) tall and 14 feet (4 m) wide. It had two sections: the upper