What gambling game is based on a wheel with 37 compartments?

roulette | gambling game | Britannica.com gambling game gambling Roulette, (from French: “small wheel”), gambling game in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel. It is played in casinos worldwide. Roulette is a banking game, and all bets are placed against the bank—that is, the house , or the proprietor of the game. As a big-time betting game, it has had its popularity superseded in the United States and the Caribbean islands by others, notably craps , blackjack , and poker . The ball pockets are alternately red and black on the roulette wheel, with the exception of a green … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Fanciful stories about the origin of roulette include its invention by the 17th-century French mathematician Blaise Pascal , by a French monk, and by the Chinese, from whom it was supposedly transmitted to France by Dominican monks. In reality, roulette was derived in France in the early 18th century from the older games hoca and portique, and it is first mentioned under its current name in 1716 in Bordeaux. Following several modifications, roulette achieved its present layout and wheel structure about 1790, after which it rapidly gained status as the leading game in the casinos and gambling houses of Europe. During the years 1836 to 1933, roulette was banned in France. Equipment The roulette table is composed of two sections, the wheel itself and the betting layout, better known as the roulette layout. There are two styles of roulette tables. One has a single betting layout with the roulette wheel at one end, and the other has two layouts with the wheel in the centre. The wheel spins horizontally. Heading the layout design, which is printed on green baize, is a space containing the figure 0 (European style) or the figures 0 and 00 (American style, although such wheels were used also in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries). The main portion of the design is composed of 36 consecutively numbered rectangular spaces, alternately coloured red and black and arranged in three columns of 12 spaces each, beginning with 1 at the top and concluding with 36 at the bottom. Directly below the numbers are three blank spaces (on some layouts these are marked “2 to 1” and are located on the players’ side of the table). On either side of these or along one side of the columns are rectangular spaces marked “1st 12,” “2nd 12,” and “3rd 12” on American-style layouts. On European-style layouts these terms are “12p” (première), “12m” (milieu), and “12d” (dernière douzaine). Six more spaces are marked “red” (rouge), “black” (noir), “even” (pair), “odd” (impair), “1–18” (low, or manque), and “19–36” (high, or passe). The ball pockets are alternately red and black on the roulette wheel, with the exception of a green … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. loo The roulette wheel consists of a solid wooden disk slightly convex in shape. Around its rim are metal partitions known as separators or frets, and the compartments or pockets between these are called canoes by roulette croupiers. Thirty-six of these compartments, painted alternately red and black, are numbered nonconsecutively from 1 to 36. On European-style wheels a 37th compartment, painted green, carries the sign 0, and on American wheels two green compartments on opposite sides of the wheel carry the signs 0 and 00. The wheel, its spindle perfectly balanced, spins smoothly in an almost frictionless manner. The standard roulette table employs up to 10 sets of wheel checks (usually called chips). Each set is differently coloured; each traditionally consists of 300 chips; and there is one set for each player. The chips usually have a single basic value, although some casinos also sell chips of lesser value. The colour of the chips indicates the player, not the value of the chips. If a player wishes to buy chips of slightly higher value, the croupier places a marker indicating that value on top of


Which country would you go to in order to travel up the Amazon River?

Travel Down the Amazon River | Transitions Abroad Traveling Down the Amazon River A Pictorial Essay from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean Article and photos by Volker Poelzl The Amazon is a vast ecosystem, stretching from the eastern slopes of the Andean mountains in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, all the way to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the world's largest river system with the world's largest rain forest and greatest bio diversity. But these superlatives cannot aptly describe the immense ecological and cultural diversity of the region. When I set out from the Peruvian city of Cuzco to travel by train along the Urubamba River, and then continue down river by boat towards the Amazon, I had no idea about how vast and incomprehensible this region would turn out to be. My journey was at once magical and tedious, dangerous and mesmerizing. On my way to the Amazon I passed through dangerous rapids and narrow gorges, stayed at hospitable indigenous communities and was welcomed by settlers to spend the night in their palm-thatched huts. I passed towering cliffs with clay licks where dozens of colorful macaws gathered to lick vital nutrients, watched monkeys climb through the dense foliage along the banks, and observed river dolphins playing alongside the boats upon which I was traveling. The Urubamba river, which is one of the major tributaries of the Amazon river, has its source near Cuzco, Peru. From there it drains the Sacred Valley, home to many Inca ruins, and flows below Machu Picchu before descending into the Amazon basin. Above is a view of the Sacred Valley and the narrow Urubamba river. The Amazon rain forest stretches from the eastern slopes of the Andes all the way to the Atlantic Ocean. Machu Picchu is surrounded by spectacular cloud forest, which gradually gives way to the majestic Amazon rain forest at lower elevations. The cloud forest gets much of its moisture from low-hanging clouds, hence its name. Due to the high moisture, epiphytes and other plants with air roots are commonly found on trees. Settlements throughout the sparsely populated Amazon are often located at road junctions or where waterways meet roads. At this small hamlet, Kiteni, the water level of the Urubamba river was too low for boat traffic, so I had to travel another day through the jungle in the bed of a large pick-up loaded with drums of diesel fuel. Finding a passenger boat on the Urubamba takes a lot of patience. When I embarked on this boat I had only arrived the previous night, but further down river I spent several days at native villages waiting for a boat. All water from the Adeans glaciers, snow runoff, and rain flows toward the Amazon river, cascading into the Amazon basin in massive waterfalls and gushing rivers. The force of the water has carved huge gorges and canyons into the rock, often making navigation very difficult and dangerous. The Machiguenga Indians live in small settlements in a remote region along the lower Urubamba river. However, recent natural gas exploration is not only threatening the local environment, but also the traditional culture of the native people. The upper reaches of the Amazon are difficult to reach by road or river, but as soon as I reached the lower elevations of the Amazon basin, boat traffic became more common, and small homesteads and settlements lined the river banks of the Urubamba river. Where the Urubamba river joins the Apurimac river, it becomes the Ucayali River, which itself becomes the Amazon river after its confluence with the Rio Marañon. While the Urubamba is a narrow all along its course,with the jungle and wildlife never far away, the Ucayali quickly becomes nearly a mile wide, even though still thousands of miles away from the Atlantic ocean. Pucallpa is an unattractive frontier town, but an important trading hub, since it is only one of two cities in the Peruvian Amazon with road access to the rest of Peru. Situated near the banks of the Ucayali river, Pucallpa has regular boat traffic to the Peruvian city of Iquitos further downstream. Life on a river boat is more tedious than it


Where, 25 miles West of Knoxville, Tennessee, was an Atomic Bomb Research Station set up in 1942?

Oak Ridge, TN | Atomic Heritage Foundation Atomic Heritage Foundation Oak Ridge, TN Oak Ridge, TN Oak Ridge was the home of the uranium enrichment plants (K-25 and Y-12), the liquid thermal diffusion plant (S-50), and the pilot plutonium production reactor (X-10 Graphite Reactor).   Site Selection In 1942, General Leslie Groves approved Oak Ridge, Tennessee, as the site for the pilot plutonium plant and the uranium enrichment plant. Manhattan Project engineers had to quickly build a town to accommodate 30,000 workers--as well as build the enormously complex plants. By the time President Roosevelt authorized the Manhattan Project on December 28, 1942, work on the east Tennessee site where the first production facilities were to be built was already underway. On Saturday, September 19, Groves had approved the acquisition of 59,000 acres of land along the Clinch River, 20 miles west of Knoxville, Tennessee. Also approved was the removal of the relatively few families on the marginal farmland and extensive site preparation to provide the transportation, communications, and utility needs of the town and production plants that would occupy the previously undeveloped area. At first, this location was known as "Site X" and later changed to the Clinton Engineer Works, named after the nearest town. After the war, the name was again changed officially to Oak Ridge.   Building Oak Ridge Original plans called for the military reservation to house approximately 13,000 people in prefabricated housing, trailers, and wood dormitories. By the time the Manhattan Engineer District headquarters were moved from Washington, DC to Tennessee in the summer of 1943 (Groves kept the Manhattan project's office in Washington and placed Col. Kenneth D. Nichols in command at Tennessee), estimates for the town of Oak Ridge had been revised upward to 45,000 people. By the end of the war, Oak Ridge was the fifth largest city in Tennessee and was consuming 1/7 of all the electrical power being produced in the United States. While the Army and its contractors tried desperately to keep up with the rapid influx of workers and their families, services always lagged behind demand. The town site was in the northeast corner of the reservation, a strip less than one mile wide and six miles long with hilly terrain descending from the Black Oak Ridge in the north. Town planners were originally to provide housing for an estimated 30,000 people, but by 1945, the population had reached 75,000. Architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) envisioned pleasant neighborhood communities with libraries, schools and shopping centers. However, wartime constraints limited the availability of labor and materials. Rather than performing time-consuming grading, houses were adjusted to fit the contours of the land. Most of Oak Ridge’s kitchens faced the street to minimize the length of plumbing and utility lines.   Life at Oak Ridge Materials were in short supply, so the first houses were built of prefabricated panels of cement and asbestos or cemesto board. They were known as “alphabet houses” because each of the handful of home designs was assigned a letter of the alphabet. There were small, two bedroom “A” houses, “C” houses with extra bedrooms, “D” houses with a dining room, and so forth for a total of 3,000 cemesto-type homes. Later, thousands of prefabricated houses were sent to Oak Ridge in sections complete with walls, floors, room partitions, plumbing and wiring. Workers turned over 30 or 40 houses to occupants each day. The Roane-Anderson Company administered all housing facilities. Part of Oak Ridge’s appeal to Manhattan Project planners was nearby Knoxville with its population of 111,000. However, the top-secret project was not warmly welcomed in Knoxville, arousing both suspicion and resentment. Many saw the people flooding into East Tennessee from all over the country—and the world—as “furriners” who could not be questioned. In a time of austerity and rationing, others resented Oak Ridge residents arriving with unlimited ration stamps and fistfuls of cash. Oak


What are the 26 areas called that make up The Swiss Confederation?

Switzerland | history - geography | Britannica.com Switzerland Alternative Titles: Confédération Suisse, Confederazione Elvetica, Confederazione Svizzera, Confederaziun Helvetica, Helvetia, Helvetic Confederation, Schweiz, Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, Suisse, Svizzera, Svizzra, Swiss Confederation Switzerland federal state with two legislative houses (Council of States [46]; National Council [200]) Head of state and government President of the Federal Council: Doris Leuthard Capital French; German; Italian; Romansh (locally) Official religion Literacy: percentage of population age 15 and over literate Male: 100% GNI per capita (U.S.$) (2014) 84,720 1Official long-form name in French is Confédération Suisse; in German, Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft; in Italian, Confederazione Svizzera; in Romansh, Confederaziun Svizra. 2The federal supreme court is located in Lausanne . Country Data Overview (PDF) Switzerland, federated country of central Europe . Switzerland’s administrative capital is Bern , while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Switzerland’s small size—its total area is about half that of Scotland —and its modest population give little indication of its international significance. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. An Alpine village near Saint Moritz in the upper Engadin valley, Graubünden canton, … © thomas.andri/Fotolia Time-lapse video of night views of Switzerland. © Alessandro Della Bella (A Britannica Publishing Partner) A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes , grassy valleys dotted with neat farms and small villages, and thriving cities that blend the old and the new, Switzerland is the nexus of the diverse physical and cultural geography of western Europe, renowned for both its natural beauty and its way of life. Aspects of both have become bywords for the country, whose very name conjures images of the glacier-carved Alps beloved of writers, artists, photographers, and outdoor sports enthusiasts from around the world. Zürich, Switzerland. Zurich Tourism/Manuel Bauer Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. For many outsiders, Switzerland also evokes a prosperous if rather staid and unexciting society, an image that is now dated. Switzerland remains wealthy and orderly, but its mountain-walled valleys are far more likely to echo the music of a local rock band than a yodel or an alphorn . Most Swiss live in towns and cities, not in the idyllic rural landscapes that captivated the world through Johanna Spyri ’s Heidi (1880–81), the country’s best-known literary work. Switzerland’s cities have emerged as international centres of industry and commerce connected to the larger world, a very different tenor from Switzerland’s isolated, more inward-looking past. As a consequence of its remarkably long-lived stability and carefully guarded neutrality, Switzerland— Geneva , in particular—has been selected as headquarters for a wide array of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, including many associated with the United Nations (UN)—an organization the Swiss resisted joining until the early 21st century. Restaurant in the Alpine village of Grindelwald, Switzerland. © fotoman_65/Fotolia La Gruyère district, Fribourg canton, Switzerland. Emma Lee—Life File/Getty Images Related People Leo Jud Switzerland’s rugged topography and multicultural milieu have tended to emphasize difference. People living in close proximity may speak markedly distinct, sometimes nearly mutually unintelligible dialects of their first language, if not a different language altogether. German, French, Italian, and Romansh all enjoy national status, and English is spoken widely. Invisible lines separate historically Protestant from historically Roman Catholic districts, while the tall mountains of the Saint Gotthard Pass separate northern from southern Europe and their diverse sensibilities and habits. Yet, Switzerland has forged strength from all these differences, creating a peaceful society in which individual rights are carefully balanced against community and national interests. The Alps in Switzerland. Countries of


Which colour in the visible spectrum has the longest wavelength?

What Wavelength Goes With a Color? Contact Us What Wavelength Goes With a Color? Our eyes are sensitive to light which lies in a very small region of the electromagnetic spectrum labeled "visible light". This "visible light" corresponds to a wavelength range of 400 - 700 nanometers (nm) and a color range of violet through red. The human eye is not capable of "seeing" radiation with wavelengths outside the visible spectrum. The visible colors from shortest to longest wavelength are: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. Ultraviolet radiation has a shorter wavelength than the visible violet light. Infrared radiation has a longer wavelength than visible red light. The white light is a mixture of the colors of the visible spectrum. Black is a total absence of light. Earth's most important energy source is the Sun. Sunlight consists of the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Learn more: Violet Light The visible violet light has a wavelength of about 400 nm. Within the visible wavelength spectrum, violet and blue wavelengths are scattered more efficiently than other wavelengths. The sky looks blue, not violet, because our eyes are more sensitive to blue light (the sun also emits more energy as blue light than as violet).   The visible indigo light has a wavelength of about 445 nm.   Blue Light The visible blue light has a wavelength of about 475 nm. Because the blue wavelengths are shorter in the visible spectrum, they are scattered more efficiently by the molecules in the atmosphere. This causes the sky to appear blue during the main part of the day, when blue light is scattered into your eye no matter which direction you look. Green Light The visible green light has a wavelength of about 510 nm. Grass, for example, appears green because all of the colors in the visible part of the spectrum are absorbed into the leaves of the grass except green. Green is reflected, therefore grass appears green. The visible orange light has a wavelength of about 590 nm. Low-pressure sodium lamps, like those used in some parking lots, emit a orange-ish (wavelength 589 nm) light.   Red Light The visible red light has a wavelength of about 650 nm. At sunrise and sunset, the light you see has traveled a longer distance through the atmosphere. A large amount of blue and violet light has been removed as a result of scattering and the longwave colors, such as red and orange, are more readily seen. There are many wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum the human eye cannot detect. Energy with wavelengths too short for humans to see Energy with wavelengths too short to see is "more violet than violet".  Light with such short wavelengths is called "Ultraviolet" light. The term "ultra-" means higher than. How do we know this light exists? One way is that this kind of light causes sunburns. Our skin is sensitive to this kind of light. If we stay out in this light without sunblock protection, our skin absorbs this energy. After the energy is absorbed, it can make our skin change color ("tan") or it can break down the cells and cause other damage. Energy with wavelengths too long for humans to see Energy whose wavelength is too long to see is "redder than red". Light with such long wavelengths is called "Infrared" light. The term "Infra-" means "lower than". How do we know this kind of light exists? One way is that we can feel energy with these wavelengths such as when we sit in front of a campfire or when we get close to a stove burner. Scientists like Samuel Pierpont Langley passed light through a prism and discovered that the infrared light the scientists could not see beyond red could make other things hot. Very long wavelengths of infrared light radiate heat to outer space. This radiation is important to the Earth's energy budget. If this energy did not escape to space, the solar energy that the Earth absorbs would continue to heat the Earth.


In which country was there a civil war between 1936 and 1939, which was won by General Franco's forces?

Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) - History of Spain | don Quijote Read the Spanish version The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) broke out when the Spanish army in Morocco when a few of the most influent generals of the Spanish Army, led by General Francisco Franco, rose up against the democratically elected Republican government , presided over by Manuel Azaña. Allegiances were not always clear-cut during this conflict. Essentially, the ranks of the Left (also known as Loyalist and Republican) comprised workers, peasants and trade unions, but also the Spanish government, Socialists, Communists and Anarchists. The Right (also known as Nationalist), was supported by rebellious factions of the army, industry, landowners, the middle classes and the Catholic Church. For various and somewhat contradictory reasons, the Loyalists received the support of the Soviet Union and European democracies, while the Nationalists were armed and equipped by the Fascist governments of Germany and Italy. The Spanish Civil War would prove to be both fierce and bloody. Although the resources of the two sides were not that unequal, the Nationalists were better organized and received extensive material aid from Germany. The Loyalists received very little assistance from the Soviet Union and, moreover, were divided by internal conflicts between Communist, Socialist and Anarchist factions. While European and North American volunteers fought for the Republic in the framework of the International Brigades, and a number of foreign artists and intellectuals supported the Loyalist cause, including Ernest Hemingway (who was working as a reporter and photographer) and George Orwell (who fought on the Republican side only to be prosecuted later on and thus becoming profoundly disillusioned by the rivalry in the ranks of the Left), the Nationalists were finally triumphant. General Franco's victory marked the beginning of a forty-year dictatorship in Spain (1939-1975). In the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, Hitler sought Franco's support for his own military campaign, but Spain was in no position to provide either financial or human aid. Although the Spanish Civil War had been a training field for the battles to be waged in the Second World War, Spain would play no part in the latter but agred to sponsor a small army of volunteers known as La División Azul. Under the Franco regime Spain suffered international isolation, although in varying degrees. In 1955 the country was accepted as a member of the United Nations, and in 1970 General Franco named prince Juan Carlos his successor as the future king of Spain, thereby re-establishing the monarchy. Upon the dictator's death in 1975 King Juan Carlos I was crowned and the country set out on the long journey back to full democracy in Spain .


Who has won the most Olympic Gold medals?

Full list of every Olympic medal Michael Phelps has won Full list of every Olympic medal Michael Phelps has won The most decorated Olympian in history, Phelps made his Olympic debut at the age of 15. Post to Facebook Full list of every Olympic medal Michael Phelps has won The most decorated Olympian in history, Phelps made his Olympic debut at the age of 15. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/2b5K6SC CancelSend A link has been sent to your friend's email address. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. 3 To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs Full list of every Olympic medal Michael Phelps has won Compiled by Jesse Yomtov, USA TODAY Sports Published 1:35 p.m. ET Aug. 7, 2016 | Updated 2:32 a.m. ET Aug. 14, 2016 CLOSE Share Michael Phelps makes his Olympic return in Rio. USA TODAY Sports Michael Phelps (USA) celebrates on the podium after the men's 200m butterfly final in the Rio 2016 Summer Olympic Games. (Photo: Rob Schumacher, USA TODAY Sports) 428 CONNECT TWEET 14 LINKEDIN 3 COMMENTEMAILMORE The most decorated athlete in Olympic history, American swimmer Michael Phelps finished his career with 23 gold medals and 28 overall. Phelps was just 15 years old when he made his Olympic debut at the 2000 Games in Sydney. Though he didn't medal in Australia, the young Phelps put the world on notice with a fifth-place finish in the 200-meter butterfly final. Phelps would go on to win eight medals at the 2004 Athens Olympics, eight in Beijing in 2008, six in London in 2012 and six in Rio. Athens 2004 400-meter medley – GOLD – 4:08.26 (world record) Aug. 15 4x100 freestyle relay – BRONZE – 3:14.62 (with Ian Crocker, Neil Walker, Jason Lezak) Aug. 16 200 butterfly – GOLD – 1:54.04 (Olympic record) 4x200 freestyle relay – GOLD – 7:07.33 (with Ryan Lochte, Peter Vanderkaay, Klete Keller) Aug. 19 200 medley – GOLD – 1:57.14 (Olympic record) Aug. 20 100 butterfly – GOLD – 51:25 (Olympic record) Aug. 21 4x100 medley relay – GOLD – 3:30.68 (Phelps swam in heats, did not swim in final) Beijing 2008 400 medley – GOLD – 4:03.84 (world record) Aug. 11 4x100 freestyle relay – GOLD – 3:08.24 (world record, with Garrett Weber-Gale, Cullen Jones, Jason Lezak) Aug. 12 200 freestyle – GOLD – 1:42.96 (world record) Aug. 13 200 butterfly – GOLD – 1:52.03 (world record) 4x200 freestyle relay – GOLD – 6:58.56 (world record, with Ryan Lochte, Rickey Berens, Peter Vanderkaay) Aug. 15 200 medley – GOLD – 1:54.23 (world record) Aug. 16 100 butterfly – GOLD – 50.58 (Olympic record) Aug. 17 4x100 medley relay – GOLD – 3:29.34 (world record, with Aaron Peirsol, Brendan Hansen, Jason Lezak) London 2012 4x100 freestyle relay – SILVER – 3:10.36 (with Nathan Adrian, Cullen Jones, Ryan Lochte) July 31 4x200 freestyle relay – GOLD – 6:59.70 (with Ryan Lochte, Conor Dwyer, Ricky Berens) Aug. 2 4x100 medley relay – GOLD – 3:29.35 (with Matt Grevers, Brendan Hansen, Nathan Adrian) Rio 2016 4x100 freestyle relay – GOLD – 3:09.92 (with Caeleb Dressel, Ryan Held, Nathan Adrian) August 9 4x200 freestyle relay – GOLD – 7:00.66 (with Conor Dwyer, Townley Haas, Ryan Lochte) August 11 Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. Ryan Murphy, Michael Phelps, Cody Miller and Nathan Adrian of the U.S. won the men's 4x100 medley relay.  Erich Schlegel, USA TODAY Sports Nathan Adrian (USA) dives in for the final length during the men's 4x100 medley relay final.  Erich Schlegel, USA TODAY Sports Michael Phelps (USA) swims during the men's 4x100-meter medley relay.  Rob Schumacher, USA TODAY Sports Ryan Murphy (USA) starts the men's 4x100 medley relay final.  Erich Schlegel, USA TODAY Sports Kathleen Baker , Lilly King, Dana Vollmer and Simone Manuel celebrate after winning the women's 4x100-meter medley relay.  Geoff Burke, USA TODAY Sports Lilly King (USA) swims during the women's 4x100-meter medley relay.  Rob Schumacher, USA TODAY Sports Dana Vollmer (USA) swims during the women's 4x100-meter medley relay.  Rob Schumacher, USA TODAY Sports Simone Manuel (USA) swims during the women's 4x


"According to the nursery rhyme, who could ""eat no fat"", while his wife could ""eat no lean""?"

What is the "Jack Sprat" nursery rhyme? | Reference.com What is the "Jack Sprat" nursery rhyme? A: Quick Answer "Jack Sprat" is a traditional English nursery rhyme whose main verse says, "Jack Sprat could eat no fat. His wife could eat no lean. And so between them both, you see, they licked the platter clean." Though it was likely sung by children long before, "Jack Sprat" was first published around 1765 in the compilation "Mother Goose's Melody." Full Answer According to Rhymes.org, a U.K. website devoted to nursery rhyme lyrics and origins, the "Jack Sprat" nursery rhyme has its origins in British history. In one interpretation, Jack Sprat was King Charles I, who ruled England in the early part of the 17th century, and his wife was Queen Henrietta Maria. Parliament refused to finance the king's war with Spain, which made him lean. However, the queen fattened the coffers by levying an illegal war tax. In an alternative version, the "Jack Sprat" nursery rhyme is linked to King Richard and his brother John of the Robin Hood legend. Jack Sprat was King John, the usurper who tried to take over the crown when King Richard went off to fight in the Crusades in the 12th century. When King Richard was captured, John had to raise a ransom to rescue him, leaving the country lean. The wife was Joan, daughter of the Earl of Gloucester, the greedy wife of King John. However, after King Richard died and John became king, he had his marriage with Joan annulled.


"Where is the newspaper ""The Village Voice"" published?"

Top Editors Abruptly Leave Village Voice - The New York Times The New York Times Media |Top Editors Abruptly Leave Village Voice Over Staff Cuts Search Continue reading the main story The tumult that has characterized The Village Voice in recent years resurfaced on Thursday when the top two editors said they were leaving the weekly newspaper. Will Bourne, who became editor last November, and Jessica Lustig, the deputy editor since January, met with the staff at 11 a.m. on Thursday to announce their departure. In a phone interview, Mr. Bourne said that Christine Brennan, executive editor of Voice Media Group, had told them to lay off, or drastically reduce the roles of, five employees on the 20-person staff. Rather than carry out the cuts, he and Ms. Lustig resigned and left immediately, in the middle of closing next week’s paper. The turnover at The Village Voice has become something of a pattern as the weekly and its owners have struggled to come to grips with declining revenue and increased competition for readers and advertisers on the Web. When Mr. Bourne took over, he became the sixth editor in chief of the paper since 2005. “We are both leaving because I was summoned to a meeting and asked to get rid of five people, and we are on a short string already,” said Mr. Bourne, who worked at Fast Company and Inc. magazine before coming to the Voice. “When I was brought in here, I was explicitly told that the bloodletting had come to an end. I have enormous respect for the staff here and the work they have been doing, and I am not going to preside over further layoffs.” Advertisement Continue reading the main story In a statement issued on Thursday afternoon, the Voice Media Group said it would be “instituting further structural and staffing changes at the publication.” It said the changes would include “minimal staff reductions” but denied that five employees would be laid off. The changes, it said, “will ultimately support the ongoing sustainability of The Village Voice.” The company said Pete Kotz would temporarily lead The Village Voice staff while managers searched for a new editor. Mr. Kotz has been Voice Media Group’s national blogs editor and the assigning editor for its national features program. Ms. Lustig said she was leaving at the same time as Mr. Bourne because she shared his belief that the paper could not absorb further cuts. In 2012, Village Voice Media ran into objections from law enforcement officials and civic groups over Backpage.com, a classified Web site that has hosted escort ads. The company split, separating its classified service and selling its chain of 13 weekly newspapers to a group of its former editors and publishers last September. The Village Voice, founded in 1955, has won three Pulitzer Prizes and published the work of Henry Miller, Tom Stoppard and Nat Hentoff. Correction: May 9, 2013 An earlier version of this article misstated the time of a staff meeting at the Village Voice. It was 11 a.m. Thursday, not p.m. A version of this article appears in print on May 10, 2013, on Page B5 of the New York edition with the headline: Top Editors Abruptly Leave Village Voice Over Staff Cuts. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe


Where is the House of Keys the governing body, with 24 elected members?

Isle of Man Government - Information Centre Skip To Menu Information Centre The Isle of Man is not, and never has been, part of the United Kingdom, nor is it part of the European Union. It is not represented at Westminster or in Brussels. The Island is a self-governing British Crown Dependency - as are Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands - with its own parliament, government and laws. The UK government, on behalf of the Crown, is ultimately responsible for its international relations. The Queen, who is ‘Lord of Mann’, is the Manx Head of State and is represented on the Island by the Lieutenant Governor. The Island has a special and limited relationship with the EU, under an agreement (‘Protocol 3’) negotiated when the UK joined Europe in 1973, allowing free trade in agricultural and manufactured products between the Isle of Man and EU members. Apart from matters relating to this agreement, including Customs, the Island is not bound by EU laws and it pays nothing to, and receives nothing from, EU funds. The Manx parliament, Tynwald, was founded more than 1,000 years ago and is the oldest continuous parliament in the world. It has two chambers – the House of Keys, with 24 members (MHKs) elected at general elections every five years, and the Legislative Council, with nine members (MLCs) mostly elected by the Keys. The Isle of Man has no party political system and the leader of its government, the Chief Minister, is chosen by Tynwald after each general election. The Chief Minister, and the nine Ministers selected by him or her to head the major government departments, make up the Council of Ministers, the central executive body or Manx ‘cabinet’, accountable to Tynwald. The current Chief Minister, elected in October 2011, is Allan Bell MHK. History and Culture The unique heritage of the Isle of Man is a blend of Celtic and Viking influences. Norse Viking settlers established Tynwald, the parliament, and the Manx Gaelic language can still be heard. Manx is a Celtic language related to Irish, Scots, Welsh, Cornish and Breton. The Island was ruled by Norse, Scots and English Kings in the Middle Ages, and by sovereign Lords of Man from 1406 until 1765, when it was acquired by the British Crown. Tynwald has endured throughout these changes and for more than ten centuries has represented the independent identity of the Manx people. Other distinctive features of the Island include its national emblem The Three Legs of Man (derived from an ancient sun symbol), the tailless Manx cat, and the names of people and places, echoing the Gaelic/Norse past. Related Links


In the 7th to 9th century, which kingdom of England was between the Thames and the Trent?

Anglo Saxon England A HISTORY OF ANGLO SAXON AND VIKING ENGLAND By Tim Lambert THE ANGLO SAXON CONQUEST OF ENGLAND The Anglo Saxon conquest of England began in the middle of the 5th century. At that time England was inhabited by the Celts. For more than 360 years the Romans had ruled them. However Roman rule in England was really only superficial. After the Roman army left in 407 Roman civilization faded away. Towns were abandoned. Villas in the countryside were also abandoned. The Celts returned to living in hill forts, protected by ditches, earth ramparts and wooden stockades. Meanwhile the Saxons began raiding England in the 3rd century. However as the Roman Empire collapsed they turned to conquest. By the 5th century the Romano-Celts had broke up into separate kingdoms but a single leader called the Superbus tyrannus had emerged. At that time and possibly earlier they were hiring Germanic peoples as mercenaries. According to tradition the Superbus tyrannus brought Jutes to protect his realm from Scots (from Northern Ireland) and Picts (from Scotland). According to Gildas he was also afraid the Romans might invade Britain and make it part of the Empire again. The Superbus tyrannus may have been called Vortigern. At any rate he wanted Britain to remain independent. He installed the Jutish leader, Hengist, as king of Kent. In return the Jutes were supposed to protect Britain. However after about 7 years the Jutes and the Romano-Celts fell out. They fought a battle at Crayford and the Jutes won a decisive victory. The war went on for several more years but the Celts were unable to dislodge the Jutes. According to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle Saxons led by their ruler Aelle landed in Sussex in 477. (Some historians think this date is wrong and it was actually 457). At any rate the Celts resisted them bitterly but after about 15 years the Saxons had conquered all of Sussex. They gave the county its name. It was the kingdom of the south Saxons. Meanwhile at the end of the 5th century or the very beginning of the 6th century more Jutes landed in eastern Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. At the same time Saxons landed in western Hampshire. They founded the kingdom of Wessex (the West Saxons). Then in the late 5th century a great leader and general arose among the Celts. We know him as Arthur. Very little is known about him but he defeated the Saxons in several battles. His victories culminated in the battle of Mount Badon, about 500 AD. (We do not know exactly where the battle took place). The Saxons were crushed and their advance was halted for decades. Meanwhile in the early 6th century the West Saxons, of western Hampshire, annexed the Jutes of eastern Hampshire. About 530 they also took over the Isle of Wight. Then in 552 the West Saxons won a great victory somewhere near modern Salisbury and they captured what is now Wiltshire. In 577 they won another great victory. This time they captured Bath , Cirencester and Gloucester . They also cut off the Celts of southwest England from the Celts of Wales. Meanwhile in the mid-6th century other Saxons invaded Essex. (The kingdom of the East Saxons). A people called the Angles landed in East Anglia. Obviously they gave East Anglia its name. They also gave England its name (Angle land). Other Angles landed in Yorkshire. Also in the later 6th century Saxons sailed up the Thames and landed in what is now Berkshire. They gave Middlesex its name. (The land of the middle Saxons). They also landed on the south bank of the River Thames. They called the area suth ridge, which means south bank. In time the name changed to Surrey. The Conquest of Western England So by the late 6th century eastern England was in the hands of Angles and Saxons. In the 7th century they continued their relentless advance. In 656 the Anglo Saxons of the east Midlands won a battle on the River Wye and captured the west Midlands. Further South in 658 the West Saxons won a great battle and drove the Celts back to the River Parret in Somerset. In 664 they won yet another battle. This time they captured Dorset. By about 6


Stanley Mathews played which position for the English football team?

My Football Facts & Stats | Legendary Football Players | Stanley Matthews 118. Stanley Matthews Stanley Matthews was born in Stoke-on-Trent and was the third of four sons. His father, Jack Matthews, was a renowned local boxer who fostered a sense of discipline, determination and sportsmanship that would serve his son well during his long career. A natural right winger, he showed early promise and played for England schoolboys against Wales. He signed professional terms with Stoke City F.C. in 1932. His international debut came in 1934, scoring for the England side which beat Wales 4-0. Matthews scored a hat-trick for 10-man England in a game against Czechoslovakia in 1937. In 1938, Matthews asked for a transfer, causing a public outcry in Stoke. The war interrupted his career, during which time he served in the Royal Air Force. After the war, he fell out with Stoke and transferred to join Blackpool F.C. in 1947, with whom he won the inaugural Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year award in 1948. His link-up with Stan Mortensen was very profitable, and Matthews won an FA Cup winners medal in 1953 - a match dubbed the 'Matthews Final' where, despite Mortensen's hat-trick, his outstanding dribbling in the last 30 minutes of the match when Blackpool were 3-1 down more than contributed to him finally earning the medal which had eluded him in the finals of 1948 and 1951. In 1950, Matthews only played in one World Cup game (a 1-0 defeat against Spain). In total, Matthews made 54 official England appearances scoring 11 goals (as well as 29 unofficial wartime appearances with 2 goals). He played his final England game in 1957; he remains the oldest player to have played in an England shirt. His England career is the longest of any player ever to play for the side, stretching from his debut on September 29, 1934 to his last appearance on May 15, 1957, almost 23 years later. At the Football World Cup 1954 in Switzerland, England found themselves struggling, so Matthews promptly switched to inside-forward, galvanized the team, and helped it to a 4-4 draw. Matthews traveled to various parts of the globe to take part in exhibition matches and he was famous world-wide. For example, he attracted a large crowd at Hartleyvale in Cape Town when he appeared there in about 1956. In 1956, Matthews won the first ever European Footballer of the Year award. In 1961 (aged 46) he rejoined his hometown club Stoke City. The following season, Stoke City won the English Second Division Championship and he was voted Footballer of the Year for the second time in his career. He remained with Stoke City until the end of his playing career, appearing in his final game on February 6, 1965, just after his 50th birthday, when he played for the first time in 12 months due to a knee injury, setting up the equaliser for his team. In 1965, he became the first football player to be knighted for services to sport. He received a FIFA Gold Merit Order in 1992. After playing 698 games in the Football League, Matthews managed Port Vale F.C. (1965-1968). After this he moved to Malta, where he coached Hibernians, also playing for them until he was 55. He played for numerous local sides, meaning that he was still running down the wing in his 60s. He also coached "Stan's Men" in Soweto, South Africa, and in Canada. He even played in a charity match at Grangemouth as late as 1981. During his illustrious career he gained respect, not only as a great player, but also as a gentleman. This is exemplified by the fact that despite playing in over seven hundred league games, he was never booked. Matthews was made an Inaugural Inductee of the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his outstanding talents. Legendary Football Players - Stanley Matthews


"The English version of ""The Magic Roundabout"", a children's television programme created in France was broadcast from 18 October 1965 to January 1977. It was narrated by the father of which actress?"

YouRememberThat.Com - Taking You Back In Time... - Magic Roundabout ï¿½ 1960s / magic roundabout Le Manï¿½ge enchantï¿½ (known in English as The Magic Roundabout) was a children's television programme created in France in 1963 by Serge Danot. Some five hundred five-minute-long episodes were made and were originally broadcast between 1964 and 1971 on ORTF. However, it was in the United Kingdom that the series became best known. The English version was narrated by Eric Thompson, the father of Emma Thompson, and broadcast from 18 October 1965 to January 1977. This version of the show attained cult status, and was watched as much by adults for its dry humour as by the children for whom it was intended.


What is the name for a straight line drawn from the centre of a circle to the circumference?

Geometry and the Circle Unit 2 > Lesson 1 of 6 A circle is an important shape in the field of geometry. Let's look at the definition of a circle and its parts. We will also examine the relationship between the circle and the plane. A circle is a shape with all points the same distance from its center. A circle is named by its center. Thus, the circle to the right is called circle A since its center is at point A.    Some real world examples of a circle are a wheel, a dinner plate and (the    surface of) a coin. The distance across a circle through the center is called the diameter.    A real-world example of diameter is a 9-inch plate. The radius of a circle is the distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle. If you place two radii end-to-end in a circle, you would have the same length as one diameter. Thus, the diameter of a circle is twice as long as the radius.  We can look at a pizza pie to find real-world examples of diameter and radius.    Look at the pizza to the right which has been sliced into 8 equal parts through its center. A radius is formed by making a straight cut from the center to a point on the circle. A straight cut made from a point on the circle, continuing through its center to another point on the circle, is a diameter. As you can see, a circle has many different radii and diameters, each passing through its center.  A chord is a line segment that joins two points on a curve. In    geometry, a chord is often used to describe a line segment joining two    endpoints that lie on a circle. The circle to the right contains chord AB. If    this circle was a pizza pie, you could cut off a piece of pizza along    chord AB. By cutting along chord AB, you are cutting off a segment of pizza that    includes this chord. A circle has many different chords. Some chords pass through the center    and some do not. A chord that passes through the center is called a    diameter. It turns out that a diameter of a circle is the longest chord of that circle since it passes through the center. A diameter satisfies the definition    of a chord, however, a chord is not necessarily a diameter. This is    because every diameter passes through the center of a circle, but some    chords do not pass through the center. Thus, it can be stated, every    diameter is a chord, but not every chord is a diameter. Let's revisit the definition of a circle. A circle is the set of points that are equidistant from a special point in the plane. The special point is the center. In the circle to the right, the center is point A. Thus we have circle A. A plane is a flat surface that extends without end in all directions. In the diagram to the right, Plane P contains points A, B and C. Can you think of some real world objects that satisfy the definition of a plane? At this level of mathematics, that is difficult to do. Intuitively, a plane may be visualized as a flat infinite sheet of paper. The top of your desk and a chalkboard are objects which can be used to represent a plane, although they do not satisfy the definition above. A circle divides the plane into three parts: the points INSIDE the circle the points OUTSIDE the circle and the points ON the circle the points inside the circle the points outside the circle the points on the circle You can see an interactive demonstration of this by placing your mouse over the three items below. A circle divides a plane into three parts: the points INSIDE the circle the points OUTSIDE the circle and the points ON the circle Example 1: The length of DB is 2.5 inches Summary:  A circle is a shape with all points the same distance from its center. A circle is named by its center. The parts of a circle include a radius, diameter and a chord. All   diameters are chords, but not all chords are diameters. A plane is a flat surface that extends without end in all directions. A circle divides the plane into three parts:   The points inside the circle, the points outside the circle and the points   on the circle. Exercises Directions:


Who succeeded Lenin as the leader of the Soviet Union when he died in 1924?

Vladimir Lenin dies - Jan 21, 1924 - HISTORY.com Vladimir Lenin dies Publisher A+E Networks Vladimir Lenin, the architect of the Bolshevik Revolution and the first leader of the Soviet Union, dies of a brain hemorrhage at the age of 54. In the early 1890s, Lenin abandoned his law career to devote himself to Marxist study and the provocation of revolutionary activity among Russian workers. Arrested and exiled to Siberia in 1897, he later traveled to Western Europe, where in 1903 he established the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party. The Bolsheviks were a militant party of professional revolutionaries who sought to overthrow the czarist government and set up a Marxist government in its place. In 1905, workers rebelled across Russia, but it was not until 1917, and Russia’s disastrous involvement in World War I, that Lenin realized that the opportunity for Communist revolution had come. In March 1917, the Russian army garrison at Petrograd defected to the Bolshevik cause, and Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate. Lenin immediately left Switzerland and crossed German enemy lines to arrive at Petrograd on April 16, 1917. Six months later, under his leadership, the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia, and Lenin became virtual dictator of the country. However, civil war and foreign intervention delayed complete Bolshevik control of Russia until 1920. Lenin’s government nationalized industry and distributed land, and on December 30, 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established. Upon Lenin’s death in early 1924, his body was embalmed and placed in a mausoleum near the Moscow Kremlin. Petrograd was renamed Leningrad in his honor. Fellow revolutionary Joseph Stalin succeeded him as leader of the Soviet Union. Related Videos


"A painting by Sandro Botticelli that depicts a goddess, having emerged from the sea as a full grown woman, arriving at the sea-shore on a sea shell is called ""The Birth of ... "" who?"

Drawing & Painting: The Birth of Venus (Botticelli), desktop wallpaper nr. 2 Rom�nă: Naşterea lui Venus Русский: Рождение Венеры. 中文: 维纳斯的诞生 Origins This large picture (wallpaper) may have been, like the Primavera, painted for Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici's Villa di Castello, around 1482 (535 years ago), or even before. Some scholars suggest that the Venus painted for Lorenzo and mentioned by Giorgio Vasari may have been a different work, now lost. Some art historians believe it to be a celebration of the love of Giuliano di Piero de' Medici (who died in the Pazzi conspiracy in 1478 (539 years ago)) for Simonetta Cattaneo Vespucci, who lived in Portovenere, a town by the sea with a local tradition of being the birthplace of Venus. Whatever inspired the artist, there are clear similarities to Ovid's Metamorphoses and Fasti, as well as to Poliziano's Verses. The classical goddess Venus emerges from the water on a shell, blown towards shore by the Zephyrs, symbols of spiritual passions. She is joined by one of the Horae, goddesses of the seasons, who hands her a flowered cloak. The effect is distinctly pagan, considering it was made at a time and place when most artworks depicted Roman Catholic themes. It is somewhat surprising that this canvas escaped the flames of Savonarola's bonfires, where a number of Botticelli's other alleged pagan influenced works perished. Botticelli was very close to Lorenzo de' Medici. Because of their friendship and Lorenzo's power, this work was spared from Savonarola's fires and the disapproval of the church. The anatomy of Venus and various subsidiary details do not display the strict classical realism of Leonardo da Vinci or Raphael. Most obviously, Venus has an improbably long neck, and her left shoulder slopes at an anatomically unlikely angle. Some have suggested it prefigures mannerism. Sandro Botticelli Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli or Il Botticello ("The Little Barrel"; Mar. 1, 1445 (572 years ago) � May 17, 1510 (507 years ago)) was an Italian painter of the Florentine school during the Early Renaissance (Quattrocento). Less than a hundred years later, this movement, under the patronage of Lorenzo de' Medici, was characterized by Giorgio Vasari as a "golden age", a thought, suitably enough, he expressed at the head of his Vita of Botticelli. His posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century; since then his work has been seen to represent the linear grace of Early Renaissance painting, and The Birth of Venus and Primavera rank now among the most familiar masterpieces of Florentine art. 日本語: サンドロ・ボッティチェッリ（Sandro Botticelli, 1444/1445年 - 1510年5月17日）は、ルネサンス期のイタリアのフィレンツェ生まれの画家で、本名はアレッサンドロ・ディ・マリアーノ・フィリペーピ (Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi) といい、ボッティチェッリは兄が太っていたことからついた「小さな樽」という意味のあだ名である。 Русский: Боттичелли Сандро (Sandro Botticelli, собственно Алессандро Филипепи) � живописец Тосканской школы; род. в 1447 (570 years ago) г., � 17 мая 1515 (502 years ago). Сначала его отдали в ученье к некоему Боттичелли, отличному золотых дел мастеру; от него он и получил свою фамилию. Но скоро обнаружилось в нем неодолимое влечение к живописи, и он стал учиться ей у монаха Филиппе Липпи. 中文: 桑德罗�波提切利（Sandro Botticelli，1445年3月1日~1510年5月17日），原名亚里山德罗�菲力佩皮（Alessandro Filipepi）是欧洲文艺复兴早期的佛罗伦萨画派艺术家。 Navigation


Which mountain range runs through the US states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico?

Rocky Mountain Rail Tour | USA Today Rocky Mountain Rail Tour The high waterways of British Columbia can be breathtaking after a thaw. (Photo: Jupiterimages/liquidlibrary/Getty Images ) Train Trip Packages in the Rockies Train travel is an affordable and relaxed way to view the interior landscape of the Rockies, a chain of mountain ranges tracking up through New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana and into western Canada. Public passenger trains travel larger segments of the route in a utilitarian manner, while small private rails tailor their trips for those wanting to spend some time to view the sites or experience the history. Public Rail Travel segments of the Canadian Rockies using Canada's VIA Rail system. The lines from Vancouver take you through the mountains of Alberta, while the Prince Rupert-Jasper line travels parts of the Rockies in British Columbia. Sections of Amtrak's east-west routes in the United States will bring you across parts of the Rocky Mountains. The California Zephyr takes you through Colorado's mountains, the Empire Builder through Montana and the Southwest Chief through New Mexico. Canadian Rockies The "Rainforest to Gold Rush" route of the Rocky Mountaineer runs through large segments of the Canadian Rockies and passes its highest peak, Mount Robson. A second line travels further west through British Columbia. The Mountaineer line is designed for comfortable trips over several days; it connects with a cruise line for those who wish to continue their tour off the coast. For a high-end, comprehensive tour of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, look into the private Royal Canadian Pacific line, which departs from Calgary. Royal Canadian also charters trains for private trips in the region. Colorado and New Mexico In Colorado, the Rocky Mountains are known for hiking in the fourteeners (the term for mountains higher than 14,000 feet), for their mining history and for their high lakes and majestic beauty. Many of the private trains used for Rockies tours here today have historical links to the gold mining industry. The Durango & Silverton coal-powered train runs through the San Juan range on a narrow gauge suited to the winding curves of the mountain landscape. The company offers a variety of specialty tours, including a Christmas tour. Trips run all day, with seven hours spent on the train, round-trip, and a few hours in Silverton for exploring. Small operators travel other Rockies ranges. The Rio Grande travels through the Sangre de Cristo (Blood of Christ) Mountains, out of Alamosa in Southern Colorado. The Cumbres & Toltec travels the San Juans out of Chama, New Mexico. Touring trains out of Leadville, the highest incorporated city in Colorado, and Georgetown explore the Front Range. A cog railway travels up the privately owned Pikes Peak outside of Colorado Springs, the mountain that inspired verses in Katherine Lee Bates' "America the Beautiful." Montana and Wyoming The national parks of Montana and Wyoming, particularly Glacier and Yellowstone, cover vast expanses and make for less private rail travel; to view the Tetons or other Rocky Mountain scenery, auto tours or Amtrak are sometimes your only good options. Some private travel companies will piece together train tours with motorcoach tours to cover the area. The State of Montana's Alder Gulch short line will bring you to mining country near the Beaverhead range. References


In the nursery rhyme, who was quite contrary and had an unusual garden?

"Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary" Has A Bloody, ... Death Your mother didn't tell you this when you were a kid: The Mary referenced in the famous nursery rhyme "Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary" is actually Queen Mary I, known as "Bloody Mary." The famous rhyme tells the story of Mary, who had many people killed in her garden. Her garden was actually a graveyard. It has been said that adding more bodies to the cemetery was the equivalent to "growing the garden." The cockle shells and silver bells mentioned in the rhyme, though seemingly benign, are the torture devices used to kill Protestants during Mary's murderous reign. Share the knowledge!


What name is given to the rocks that orbit the sun mainly between Mars and Jupiter?

The Solar System The Solar System     Our Solar System is an amazing place. Not only is it home to eight planets, it also hold several dwarf planets, hundreds of moons, and thousands of stars and asteroids.   The eight planets in our Solar System are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These planets orbit the Sun.   Here is a funny song to help you remember the planets   The Sun   The Sun is the center of our Solar System. It is because of the Sun that our solar system gets its name. Sol is the Roman name for Sun.       The Sun is the largest object within the Solar System - it makes up more than 95% of all the matter! It is because of the Sun's large size that the rest of the objects within the Solar System orbit around it.   The Sun is very, very hot. It is 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit on its surface.   Mercury   Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, making it the first planet in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman messenger god. In mythology, the god was known for being quick - Mercury is the fastest of all the planets to orbit the Sun, because it has the smallest route it has to take!   Mercury can occasionally be seen from Earth Mercury is the second densest planet in the Solar System It is mainly made up of iron There is no atmosphere on Mercury Despite its fast trip around the Sun, Mercury's revolution is very slow - one day on Mercury equals about 59 days on Earth!   Venus   Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is named after the Roman goddess of beauty and love. Venus is almost the same size as Earth, but other than size the two planets are very different!     Fun Facts about Venus Venus appears to be the brightest planet in the sky due to the reflection of the Sun from its clouds, and its closeness to Earth Venus has an incredibly thick atmosphere. This makes it the hottest of the inner planets Venus rotates East to West Venus is covered in volcanoes Venus does not have any moons   Earth   Earth is the only known planet that has any life forms in the Solar System.   It is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only planet that is not named after a god.   Most of the Earth is covered in water - 70%! Earth has a thin atmosphere, that protects us from dangerous gasses and heat in space Earth is the largest of the inner planets Air, water, and land make up the Earth Earth's axis is tilted at 23.5 degrees   This a video showing the many different life forms that Earth has   Mars   Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Named for the Roman god of war, it is also known as the "Red Planet". It is the last of the inner planets.   Temperatures on Mars are very similar to temperatures on Earth It is believed that Mars once had water on its surface Mars is called the red planet because its surface is covered in red dust The largest volcano in the Solar System is on Mars. It is called Olympus Mons Mars has two small moons   Jupiter   Jupiter is the first of the outer planets, and the fifth planet from the Sun. It is named for the king of the Roman gods. It is the largest of all of the planets.     Fun Facts about Jupiter Jupiter is best known for its "Great Red Spot" - a mass of hurricanes that have been storming for hundreds of years. The spot is larger in size than that of Earth Jupiter is made up of gasses - there is no solid surface on it Jupiter is so big; Earth could fit inside of it more than 1,000 times! Jupiter has over 50 moons. Four of these moons are as big as planets Jupiter has the most active volcanic activity in the Solar System   Learn more about the Great Red Spot! Saturn   Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. It is named for the Roman god of agriculture. It is most well known for its highly visible rings.   Other Features of the Solar System   There are many other exciting elements in the Solar System. Here are a few.   Asteroids Asteroids are rocky bodies in the Solar System that are too small to be considered actual planets. In between Mars and Jupiter lies the Asteroid Belt, containing well over 90,000 asteroids.   Comets Comets are ice and rock t


"What was the first name of ""Rumpole of the Bailey""?"

Rumpole of the Bailey (TV Series 1978–1992) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The cases of a portly and eccentric criminal law barrister. Stars: When Rumpole is charged by Judge Oliphant with contempt of court and faces disbarment, Hilda persuades Sam Ballard to defend him. 8.9 After becoming enamored of a beautiful violinist, Rumpole finds himself defending her husband on a charge of murdering her lover. 8.7 Rumpole agrees to defend an elitist restaurateur whom he dislikes when a live mouse jumps out from one of his gourmet meals. 8.6 a list of 40 titles created 25 Jan 2012 a list of 25 titles created 26 Jan 2012 a list of 39 titles created 16 Apr 2012 a list of 31 titles created 20 Jun 2014 a list of 3739 titles created 15 Oct 2014 Title: Rumpole of the Bailey (1978–1992) 8.5/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for     2     Primetime Emmys. Another    8 nominations. See more awards  » Photos Lovejoy is an irresistible rogue with a keen eye for antiques. The part-time detective scours the murky salerooms, auction halls and stately homes of Britain, always on the lookout for a find. Stars: Ian McShane, Dudley Sutton, Chris Jury Audrey fforbes-Hamilton is sad when her husband dies but is shocked when she realises that she has to leave Grantleigh Manor where her family has lived forever. The new owner is Richard De ... See full summary  » Stars: Penelope Keith, Peter Bowles, Angela Thorne Arthur Daley, a small-time conman, hires former boxer Terry McCann to be his 'minder', so Terry can protect him (Arthur) from other, small-time, crooks. While Terry is trying his hardest to... See full summary  » Stars: George Cole, Glynn Edwards, Dennis Waterman British police TV series which revolutionized the genre on UK television in the mid-1970s starring John Thaw as a hard-edged detective in the Flying Squad of London's Metropolitan Police. Stars: John Thaw, Dennis Waterman, Garfield Morgan DI Crabbe retires from the police force after being shot and sets up his own restaurant. However, his ex-boss, Chief Constable Fisher constantly calls Crabbe back on duty. Stars: Richard Griffiths, Maggie Steed, Malcolm Sinclair Alcoholic and divorced father of a young daughter, DS Jim Bergerac is a true maverick who prefers doing things his own way, and consequently doesn't always carry out his investigations the way his boss would like. Stars: John Nettles, Terence Alexander, Sean Arnold Set in Cornwall, Detective Superintendent Charles Wycliffe, who works along with his colleagues DI Doug Kersey and DI Lucy Lane, investigates murder cases with his trademark determination and clinical accuracy. Stars: Jack Shepherd, Helen Masters, Jimmy Yuill In 1930's England, a man from an aristocratic family takes up the pseudonym Albert Campion and, with the help of his ex-burglar manservant, solves mysteries. Stars: Peter Davison, Brian Glover, Andrew Burt Wolfie Smith is an unemployed dreamer from Tooting London, a self proclaimed Urban Guerilla who aspires to be like his hero Che Guevara. Leading a small group called the Tooting Popular ... See full summary  » Stars: Robert Lindsay, Mike Grady, Hilda Braid BBC Television comedy detailing the fortunes of Reginald Iolanthe Perrin. Disillusioned after a long career at Sunshine Desserts, Perrin goes through a mid-life crisis and fakes his own ... See full summary  » Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Pauline Yates, John Barron A rather naive, middle-class man is admitted to a hospital ward and finds that he is sharing it with a working-class layabout and an upper-class hypochondriac. All three of them cause headaches for the hospital staff. Stars: James Bolam, Peter Bowles, Christopher Strauli Jacko is a house painter who "appreciates" women, he sees t


Who became the King of Sweden on 15 September 1973?

H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf - Sveriges Kungahus Contact H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus, King of Sweden, Duke of Jämtland, became Sweden's Head of State on 15 September 1973 at the age of 27, succeeding his grandfather, King Gustaf VI Adolf. The King's motto is: “For Sweden - With the times". Carl Gustaf was born on 30 April 1946. He is son of then Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf, who died in a plane crash in 1947, and Princess Sibylla of Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha, who died in 1972. King Carl Gustaf married Miss Silvia Renate Sommerlath on 19 June 1976 in Stockholm Cathedral. They have three children: Crown Princess Victoria, Prince Carl Philip and Princess Madeleine. The King and Queen reside at Drottningholm Palace. You can find a more detailed biography, along with information on The King's Royal engagements and interests, in the menu.  Find out more


Where does kapok, use for stuffing mattresses and cushions, come from?

Kapok fibre | Wild Fibres natural fibres Wild Fibres natural fibres > plant fibres > kapok Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) The word kapok refers both to the tree and to the fibre it produces, which is also known as silk cotton or Java cotton. The hair-like fibres that surround the kapok seeds are best used as a stuffing, where they have several advantages over more commonly used materials. Kapok fibres on their own are not suitable for spinning into yarn, as they are too smooth, slippery and brittle. Kapok is similar to cotton in that both fibres are found around the plant seeds, rather than extracted from the stem or leaves. d) Future of Kapok a) Biology of Kapok Native to Central America, kapok is now widely spread in rainforests around the world and is grown commercially in Java, Thailand and other countries. Kapok is a majestic rainforest tree that grows up to 60 metres tall and towers over other rainforest trees. This huge tree needs to be stabilized by buttresses, making it very wide and up to 3 metres in diameter. The trunk and large branches often have very large thorns. The canopy supports a large variety of plants and animals. Kapok sheds its leaves in the dry season, revealing hundreds of 15 cm long leathery pods and small flowers that are pollinated by bats. When mature, the pods burst open revealing a whitish fibre surrounding round brown seeds which are dispersed by the wind. b) Harvesting Kapok Harvesting kapok is labour intensive. The ripe unopened pods are normally harvested by knocking them off the tree, but they can also be cut from the tree or harvested when they fall to the ground. Soon after harvest the fruits are hulled and seed and fibre are removed from the pods by hand. The seeds lie loose in the floss and, with the help of some beating they fall to the bottom of the container where they are easily separated. A fully grown plantation tree yields about 15 kg of fibre a year. Kapok is also useful as a source of timber, which is its main current use. c) Kapok Fibre Kapok fibres are lustrous, yellowish brown and made of a mix of lignin and cellulose. Each fibre is about 2.5 cm long, has a wide lumen (central cavity) and thin walls covered with waterproof wax. This unusual combination gives kapok some remarkable characteristics. Light weight: the hollow core makes kapok very light, 8 times lighter than cotton by volume. Buoyant: the waxy coating helps repel water, and air bubbles are usually trapped in lumen, making kapok 5 times more buoyant than cork. Kapok can support as much as 30 times its weight in water. In the past, kapok was used to fill life jackets. Bounciness: kapok resists clumping (i.e. it does not become lumpy) it also bounces back to the original shape after washing, a useful property when stuffing soft toys. It is traditionally used for stuffing teddy bears, giving them quite a different feel to modern polyester stuffing. Packs down firmly: this characteristic makes kapok useful to stuff meditation cushions. Slippery: the waxy coating also makes kapok slippery, it therefore easily adjusts to shape, for example of the head on a pillow. Hypoallergenic Warm: the cell structure allows it to trap air making kapok a good fibre to use for insulation. Environmentally friendly: unlike polyester stuffing, kapok is a natural biodegradable fibre. It can be reused many times without developing mould or decaying. Kapok has two disadvantages though: It is irritant: as the fibres are designed to disperse seeds on the wind, it is advisable to wear a dust mask when stuffing items with kapok, as the fibres fly in all directions and can irritate the lungs. It is inflammable: the trapped air makes kapok highly inflammable, and if it catches fire it is difficult to put the fire out. Special precautions are needed to transport kapok in the hull of ships. One advantage of this characteristic is that kapok can be used as tinder. d) Future of Kapok The market for kapok fibre used as stuffing has declined considerably over the last 30 years, as it is replaced by polyester stuffing and foam plastics. There is, however,


Sun Myung Moon is known as the founder of what movement?

Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Moonies, dies in South Korea | World news | The Guardian Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Moonies, dies in South Korea Self-proclaimed messiah notorious for mass weddings and creation of Unification Church dies aged 92 Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Moonies, dies in South Korea Self-proclaimed messiah notorious for mass weddings and creation of Unification Church dies aged 92 Monday 3 September 2012 03.15 EDT First published on Monday 3 September 2012 03.15 EDT Close This article is 4 years old He married thousands of people in mass weddings, made millions from his church's business interests and was accused of brainwashing his members and breaking up families. But the Reverend Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Unification Church – whose followers became known as "Moonies" – managed to shed the mantle of suspicion and ridicule to become a friend of political and religious leaders before his death in South Korea on Sunday, aged 92. Moon saw himself as a messiah and created a church that became a worldwide movement and claims to have around 3 million members, including 100,000 in the United States. Ahn Ho-yeul, a Unification Church spokesman, told the Associated Press that Moon died at a church-owned hospital near his home in Gapyeong, north-east of Seoul, with his wife and children at his bedside, two weeks after being hospitalised with pneumonia. The church was seen as a cult in the 1970s and 80s, and was regularly accused of conning new recruits, holding them against their will, splitting families and forcing initiates to give over their life savings. The church responded to accusations by saying many other new religious movements faced similar attacks in their early stages. Allegations of brainwashing which were common in the 1980s have rarely been heard since. Moon was born in what would become North Korea in 1920 to a family that followed Confucian beliefs, but when he was 10 years old the family converted to Christianity and joined the Presbyterian church. Moon said he was 16 when Jesus Christ called upon him to complete His work. He said he resisted twice before finally accepting the task. He was jailed for five years by the North Korean government in 1948, but escaped in 1950 when his guards fled as United Nations troops advanced. He was an active anti-Communist throughout the cold war. Moon founded the church in 1954 amid the ruins of South Korea and promoted a mixture of Christianity and his own conservative, family-oriented teachings. He preached new interpretations of lessons from the Bible, and fused elements of Christianity and Confucianism – outlining his principles in his book, Explanation of the Divine Principle, published in 1957. In later years, the church built a business empire that included the Washington Times newspaper, the New Yorker Hotel in Manhattan, Bridgeport University in Connecticut, as well as a hotel and a car plant in North Korea. It acquired a ski resort, a professional soccer team and other businesses in South Korea, and a seafood firm that supplies sushi to Japanese restaurants across the United States. In 1982, the church sponsored the American film Inchon, about the Korean war. Moon began rebuilding his relationship with North Korea in 1991, when he met the country's founder, Kim Il Sung, in the eastern industrial city of Hamhung. In his autobiography, Moon said he asked Kim to give up his nuclear ambitions, and Kim responded that his atomic programme was for peaceful purposes and he had no intention to use it to "kill my own people". "The two of us were able to communicate well about our shared hobbies of hunting and fishing. At one point, we each felt we had so much to say to the other that we just started talking like old friends meeting after a long separation," Moon wrote. He added that he heard Kim tell his son: "After I die, if there are things to discuss pertaining to north-south relations, you must always seek the advice of President Moon." When Kim died in 1994, Moon sent a condolence delegation to North Korea, drawing criticism from conservatives


Near the end of August 2009, Australia lost to England by 197 runs in what sport?

A brief history of cricket | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo A brief history of cricket Click here for some more detailed aspects of cricket history The origins of cricket lie somewhere in the Dark Ages - probably after the Roman Empire, almost certainly before the Normans invaded England, and almost certainly somewhere in Northern Europe. All research concedes that the game derived from a very old, widespread and uncomplicated pastime by which one player served up an object, be it a small piece of wood or a ball, and another hit it with a suitably fashioned club. How and when this club-ball game developed into one where the hitter defended a target against the thrower is simply not known. Nor is there any evidence as to when points were awarded dependent upon how far the hitter was able to despatch the missile; nor when helpers joined the two-player contest, thus beginning the evolution into a team game; nor when the defining concept of placing wickets at either end of the pitch was adopted. Etymological scholarship has variously placed the game in the Celtic, Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Dutch and Norman-French traditions; sociological historians have variously attributed its mediaeval development to high-born country landowners, emigré Flemish cloth-workers, shepherds on the close-cropped downland of south-east England and the close-knit communities of iron- and glass-workers deep in the Kentish Weald. Most of these theories have a solid academic basis, but none is backed with enough evidence to establish a watertight case. The research goes on. What is agreed is that by Tudor times cricket had evolved far enough from club-ball to be recognisable as the game played today; that it was well established in many parts of Kent, Sussex and Surrey; that within a few years it had become a feature of leisure time at a significant number of schools; and - a sure sign of the wide acceptance of any game - that it had become popular enough among young men to earn the disapproval of local magistrates. Dates in cricket history 1550 (approx) Evidence of cricket being played in Guildford, Surrey. 1598 Cricket mentioned in Florio's Italian-English dictionary. 1610 Reference to "cricketing" between Weald and Upland near Chevening, Kent. 1611 Randle Cotgrave's French-English dictionary translates the French word "crosse" as a cricket staff. Two youths fined for playing cricket at Sidlesham, Sussex. 1624 Jasper Vinall becomes first man known to be killed playing cricket: hit by a bat while trying to catch the ball - at Horsted Green, Sussex. 1676 First reference to cricket being played abroad, by British residents in Aleppo, Syria. 1694 Two shillings and sixpence paid for a "wagger" (wager) about a cricket match at Lewes. 1697 First reference to "a great match" with 11 players a side for fifty guineas, in Sussex. 1700 Cricket match announced on Clapham Common. 1709 First recorded inter-county match: Kent v Surrey. 1710 First reference to cricket at Cambridge University. 1727 Articles of Agreement written governing the conduct of matches between the teams of the Duke of Richmond and Mr Brodrick of Peperharow, Surrey. 1729 Date of earliest surviving bat, belonging to John Chitty, now in the pavilion at The Oval. 1730 First recorded match at the Artillery Ground, off City Road, central London, still the cricketing home of the Honourable Artillery Company. 1744 Kent beat All England by one wicket at the Artillery Ground. First known version of the Laws of Cricket, issued by the London Club, formalising the pitch as 22 yards long. 1767 (approx) Foundation of the Hambledon Club in Hampshire, the leading club in England for the next 30 years. 1769 First recorded century, by John Minshull for Duke of Dorset's XI v Wrotham. 1771 Width of bat limited to 4 1/4 inches, where it has remained ever since. 1774 LBW law devised. 1776 Earliest known scorecards, at the Vine Club, Sevenoaks, Kent. 1780 The first six-seamed cricket ball, manufactured by Dukes of Penshurst, Kent. 1787 First match at Thomas Lord's first ground, Dorset Square, Marylebone - White Conduit


Which province of Ireland comprises the counties of Clare, Kerry, Cork, Tipperary, Limerick and Waterford?

Munster Province - Clare, Cork, Kerry, Tipperary, Limerick, Waterford, Independent Hostels of Ireland Munster Province Munster (Irish: An Mhumhain) is the southernmost of the four provinces    of Ireland. It comprises the counties of: Clare , Cork , Kerry , Limerick , Tipperary , Waterford . The largest city    in Munster is Cork . In 1841 before the Great Famine, there were just under 3 million people living   in the province of Munster, but the population had dropped devastatingly low   due to mass emigration in the 1840's and continued emigration up until the   1980's. Munster has a number of attractions that are amongst the top sights of   Ireland - from the Cliffs of Moher to the hustle and bustle of Killarney. Further   Munster attractions include the Ring of Kerry. A holiday in Munster alone   could encompass outdoor activities as well as cultural food-for-thought - the   sheer size of the province and the presence of many Munster attractions making   this possible. A large number of vacationers, however, prefer to relax and   do virtually nothing in the relatively warm and sunny Southwest. Find out more about Munster by visiting: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munster or http://goireland.about.com/od/corkandmunster/p/munster.htm Location of Hostels


Which German is responsible for driving the Russians out of Germany at the Battle of Tannenburg in 1914, became head of all German armies in 1916, and was elected President of the Republic in 1925?

World War I | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Mediterranean World War I (WWI), also known as the First World War, was a global war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. From the time of its occurrence until the approach of World War II in 1939, it was called simply the World War or the Great War, and thereafter the First World War or World War I. [5] [6] [7] In America it was initially called the European War. [8] More than 9 million combatants were killed : a scale of death impacted by industrial advancements, geographic stalemate and reliance on human wave attacks . It was the fifth- deadliest conflict in world history, paving the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. [9] The war drew in all the world's economic great powers , [10] which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom , France and the Russian Empire ) and the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Although Italy had also been a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary, it did not join the Central Powers, as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance. [11] These alliances were both reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war: Italy, Japan and the United States joined the Allies, and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria the Central Powers. Ultimately, more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. [12] [13] Although a resurgence of imperialism was an underlying cause, the immediate trigger for war was the 28 June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo. This set off a diplomatic crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia, [14] [15] and international alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked. Within weeks, the major powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians fired the first shots in preparation for the invasion of Serbia . [16] [17] As Russia mobilised, Germany invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, leading Britain to declare war on Germany. After the German march on Paris was brought to a halt, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that would change little until 1917. Meanwhile, on the Eastern Front , the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, but was stopped in its invasion of East Prussia by the Germans. In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the war, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. Italy and Bulgaria went to war in 1915 and Romania in 1916. The war approached a resolution after the Russian Tsar's government collapsed in March 1917 and a subsequent revolution in November brought the Russians to terms with the Central Powers. After a 1918 German offensive along the western front, the Allies drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives and American forces began entering the trenches. Germany, which had its own trouble with revolutionaries , agreed to an armistice on 11 November 1918, ending the war in victory for the Allies. By the end of the war, four major imperial powers—the German , Russian , Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires—ceased to exist. The successor states of the former two lost substantial territory, while the latter two were dismantled. The map of Europe was redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created. The League of Nations formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such an appalling conflict. This aim failed, with weakened states, renewed European nationalism and the humiliation of Germany contributing to the rise of fascism and the conditions for World War II . Contents Edit In Canada, Maclean's Magazine in October 1914 said, "Some wars name the


Which propagandist broadcaster during World War II was jailed for 10 years in October 1949?

Ahoy - Mac's Web Log - Battle of the Air Waves, WW2 Axis Radio Propaganda Ahoy - Mac's Web Log Naval, Maritime, Australian History and more Mackenzie J Gregory Battle of the Air Waves, WW2 Axis Radio Propaganda Introduction. Three people were particularly involved, two women and one man, these were: Mildred Gillars, known as Axis Sally, Iva Toguri, aka Tokyo Rose, and William Joyce, who broadcast German propaganda over the radio, and was called Lord Haw Haw. Mildred Gillars. This woman was American who had lived in France, and by 1934 moved to Germany, becoming in due course, the Director of Radio Berlin. Mildred became known as Axis Sally, and broadcast propaganda for the German publicity machine from their radio stations. During the furious Battle of the Bulge, she was heard exhorting the US troops to give up fighting, as 50,000 of them had been captured by the German Army, needless to say, this ploy did not work. Her propaganda efforts failed, and after the war she was tried in American Courts for treason, and found guilty. Mildred Gillars as Axis Sally broadcast for Nazi Germany in WW2 Iva Ikuko Togui. The second woman in this category was Iva Togui, whose sultry voice was heard across the Pacific when she broadcast for the Japanese, and played music for US troops, who dubbed her Tokyo Rose. Iva had been born in the United States on the 4th. of July 1916 from Japanese parents in Los Angeles. At age 25, she set off for Japan on the 5th. of July in 1941, her Aunt there had become ill, and she went to represent her family. As she left at short notice, there was insufficient time for the State Department to issue her with a Passport, in lieu, she carried a Certificate of Identification, which supposedly would be sufficient to allow her to return to the US in due course. She tried to return in November 1941, but was refused, as US authorities stated there was no evidence that Iva was in fact a US citizen. When war was declared between the US and Japan on the 7th. of December 1941 after the infamous Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, she was stranded in Japan. She tried to augment her income with some work in radio doing typing, and eventually did some radio broadcasting. Her work could be classed as giving out Japanese propaganda, and also included playing popular music beamed at United States troops fighting in the Pacific theatre. She was to become known as Tokyo Rose. Post war, Iva was arrested, tried in US courts for treason, and given a 10 year prison sentence, which she served for six years and two months at the Federal Reformatory for Women in Aderson West Virginia. At this same prison serving her sentence also for treason was Mildred Gillars. Eventually Iva was pardoned by President Ford, there is evidence that she tried to assist Allied Prisoners of War in Japan. Iva Togui, Tokyo Rose Obituary: American convicted as 'Tokyo Rose'  By Richard Goldstein The New York Times Published: September 27, 2006 Iva Toguri D'Aquino, the Japanese-American convicted of treason in 1949 for broadcasting propaganda from Japan to United States servicemen during World War II as the seductive but sinister Tokyo Rose, died Tuesday 26th. of September in Chicago. She was 90.   Her death, at a Chicago hospital, was confirmed by a nephew, William Toguri, who said only that D'Aquino had died of natural causes, The Associated Press reported.   Tokyo Rose was a mythical figure. That persona, its origin murky, had been bestowed by U.S. servicemen collectively on a dozen or so women who broadcast for Radio Tokyo, telling soldiers, sailors and marines in the Pacific that their cause was lost and their sweethearts back home were betraying them.   But the identity of Tokyo Rose became attached to D'Aquino, a native of Southern California and the only woman broadcasting for Radio Tokyo known to be a U.S. citizen. She emerged as an infamous figure in a rare treason trial. Convicted by a federal jury in San Francisco on one of eight vaguely worded counts, she was sentenced to 10 years in prison and a $10,000 fine. She served six years and two months, t


What is a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonly used in many laboratories, generally cylindrical in shape, with a flat bottom and a lip for pouring?

Laboratory Equipments Laboratory Equipments   Beaker  A beaker is a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonlyused in many laboratories. Beakers are generally cylindrical in shape, with a flatbottom and a lip for pouring.[1] Many also have a small spout to aid pouring as shownin the picture. Beakers are available in a wide range of sizes, from one millilitre upto several litres.Standard or "Low-form" beakers typically have a height about 1.4 times thediameter.[2] The common low form with a spout has been called the Griffin form.[3]"Tall form" beakers have a height about twice the diameter.[2] These aresometimes called Berzelius beakers.[4]A beaker is distinguished from a flask by having sides which are straight ratherthan sloping. The exception to this definition is a slightly conical sided beaker iscalled a Phillips beaker.[5]Beakers are commonly made of glass (today usually borosilicate glass[2]), but canalso be in metal (such as stainless steel or aluminum) or certain plastics, (notablypolythene, polypropylene, PTFE).Beakers are often graduated, that is, marked on the side with lines indicating thevolume contained. For instance, a 250 mL beaker might be marked with lines toindicate 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mL of volume. These marks are not intended foraccurate measurement, where a measuring cylinder would be used.The presence of a lip means that the beaker cannot have a lid. However, when inuse, beakers may be covered by a watch glass to prevent contamination or loss ofthe contents, but allowing venting via the spout. Test Tube  A test tube, also known as a culture tube or sample tube, is a common piece oflaboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastictubing, open at the top, usually with a rounded U-shaped bottom. A large test tube,designed specifically for boiling liquids, is called a boiling tube.Test tubes are widely used by chemists to hold, mix, or heat small quantities ofsolid or liquid chemicals, especially for qualitative and experiments and assays.Their round bottom and straight sides minimize mass loss when pouring, make themeasier to clean, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents. The long narrowneck slows down the spreading of vapors and gases to the environment.A test tube filled with water and upturned into a water-filled beaker is often usedto capture gases, e.g. in electrolysis demonstrations.   Culture tubes are often used in biology for handling and culturing all kinds of liveorganisms, such as molds, bacteria, seedlings, plant cuttings, etc.; and in medicineand forensics to store samples of blood or other fluids.A test tube with a stopper is often used for temporary storage of chemical orbiological samples.Test tubes are usually held in special-purpose racks, clamps, or tongs.Test tubes are sometimes put to casual uses outside of lab environments, e.g. asflower vases or containers for spices. Test Tube Holders  To hold test tubes upright to keep them from spilling.Test tube racks are used in chemistry laboratories to store test tubes, either dryor containing some chemicals (waiting for further operations). Since a test tube hasa rounded bottom, it cannot stand by itself and thus the rack is a convenient andnecessary piece of laboratory equipment for storage of test tubes. Volumetric flask  A volumetric flask is a piece of laboratory glassware used in analytical chemistryfor the preparation of solutions. It is made of glass or plastic and consists of a flatbottomed bulb with a long neck, usually fitted with a stopper. The stopper isnormally made in a chemically resistant plastic such as polypropylene rather thanglass. The neck has a single ring graduation mark and a label. The label should showthe nominal volume, tolerance, calibration temperature, class, relevantmanufacturing standard and the manufacturer’s logo. The glass or plastic isgenerally clear but may be amber colored for handling light sensitive compoundssuch as silver nitrate or vitamin A.Volumetric flasks are used for making up solutions to a known volume. A typicalproce


Who wrote children's books featuring Noddy and Big Ears, and the Famous Five?

How to Pick Enid Blyton Books for Your Children | eBay How to Pick Enid Blyton Books for Your Children Share 9 August 2016 Enid Blyton was a prolific writer who produced numerous bestsellers between the 1930s and the 1960s. Readers have bought more than 600 million copies of her books , which are available in almost 90 languages. These books remain popular and include novels, short stories, and character books. Consider the types of books available, the three most popular series, and your children's ages, abilities, and preferences when choosing Enid Blyton books.   Types of Enid Blyton Books Enid Blyton wrote thousands of short stories, plays, and poems and nearly 200 novels/novelettes throughout her career. Her novels/novelettes collection includes the Adventure , Adventurous Four, Barney Mystery , Famous Five, and Secret Seven series. The series of character books, which contain one character or a set of characters, includes Noddy board books and other picture books; Brer Rabbit short stories; and Mary Mouse comic strip books. Blyton's stories appeared in numerous children's story collections and she published books that contained short stories about well-known characters such as the Famous Five.   Enid Blyton Favourites The Famous Five , the Secret Seven , and Noddy are three of Enid Blyton's best loved series. The Famous Five collection contains 21 full-length novels and numerous short stories. The first book, 'Five on a Treasure Island', appeared in 1942. The series follows the holiday adventures of Julian, Sick, Anne, George, and Timmy the dog. The Secret Seven Society solves mysteries in their local communities and young readers met them for the first time in 1949. The series contains 15 books, starting with 'The Secret Seven'. The Noddy series, featuring Noddy, Big Ears, and their Toyland friends, is ideal for younger readers. 'Noddy Goes to Toyland', published in 1949, is the first edition in the series. Since 1955, Noddy has also starred in several television series.   How to Choose Enid Blyton Books Your children's interests and preferences are the most important factors to consider when choosing Enid Blyton books. Look for comic strip books and short stories for reluctant readers because these allow you to introduce characters from novels and longer stories. If a child enjoys a particular series in short form, it could spark an interest in the related novels. Choose books suitable for children's ages and reading abilities. Younger children enjoy board and picture books, while beginner readers appreciate easy readers and shorter stories. Ensure that the editions you choose offer print that is large enough and well-spaced for easy reading. If you are not sure which books your children may find appealing, borrow one from each series from your local library. Alternatively, opt for an Enid Blyton book or series you enjoyed as a child. Tags: